bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Address points of landmarks and paratransit services as a credible reference database for geocoding
Authors: Dumedah Gift 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAddress and location challenges are global, yet sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is the most poorly referenced geographically due to poor spatial referencing of mobility infrastructure and landmarks, poor road layout, and informal settlements. But there is a widespread use of informal geographic referencing especially for paratransit service, and landmarks including schools, hospitals, and markets, which are not mapped. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to generate a reference database for geocoding purposes by taking advantage of address points of landmarks and paratransit (trotro) services. The reference database was generated for the Oforikrom municipality of the Ashanti region in Ghana, and validated by geocoding 108 preprocessed local addresses. The results show a 100% match rate between the 108 addresses and the reference database, with 10% of those matches determined by qualitative and approximate spatial relations. The match‐rate was 88% with no preprocessing of the input addresses. Point‐based geocoding was found to be the most practicable approach to develop a reference database for geocoding addresses in SSA, or areas characterized by lack of geographical referencing. The widespread usage of landmarks and paratransit for geographic referencing in SSA provides the potential to adapt this study to countries/areas with informal settlements and poor geographic referencing.
Assessment of high school teachers on their digital competences
Authors: Dias-Trindade Sara , Moreira José António 
Published: March 2021

Digital Technologies’ potential has brought new challenges to teachers, making it essential to acquire digital competences that will allow them to effectively use those technologies. The aim of this research is to assess the Portuguese high school teachers’ digital competence level. The quantitative methodology used emphasises the teachers’ perception of their digital competences in three focal dimensions: teachers’ professional and pedagogic competences and learners’ competences. The findings show that teachers’ digital competence level is moderate; the dimensions with the lowest values are “teachers’ pedagogic competences” and “learners’ competences”. Subdimensions Assessment, Empowering Learners and Facilitating Learners’ Digital Competence are the weakest.
A Simple Air Ejector
Authors: Keenan J. H. , Neumann E. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the results of an investigation in which the authors studied the performance of the simplest form of ejector which would function in a useful manner. An attempt was made to analyze the data as nearly independent of other work on ejectors as possible, and to compare the performance with that predicted analytically. The primary purpose of the study was to test the utility and validity of a method of analysis, and not to devise a new type of ejector.
An Analytical Method for Determining the Flexibility of Piping Having Two or More Anchorages
Authors: Miller Harry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reference is made to an analytical method for determining the flexibility of piping having two anchorages, as developed by H. C. E. Meyer and Prof. W. Hovgaard. This paper is an attempt to amplify the method in such a manner that the flexibility of piping having reverse bends may be conveniently and accurately computed. It is the author’s objective also to remove the restriction on the number of anchorages. The mathematical development of the method was suggested in a previous paper by H. Poritsky and H. D. Snively.
The Contribution of Leisure Center Usage to Physical Activity in the United Kingdom: Evidence From a Large Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Hanson Coral L. , Kelly Paul , Neubeck Lis , Bell Jordan , Gibb Holly , Jin Kai 
Published: March 2021

Background: Physical activity (PA) levels vary across specific population groups, contributing to health inequalities. Little is known about how local authority leisure centers contribute to population PA and whether this differs by age, sex, or socioeconomic group. Methods: The authors calculated weekly leisure center–based moderate/vigorous PA for 20,904 registered adult users of local authority leisure facilities in Northumberland, United Kingdom, between July 2018 and June 2019, using administrative data. The authors categorized activity levels (<30, 30–149, and ≥150 min/wk) and used ordinal regression to examine predictors for activity category achieved. Results: Registered users were mainly female (58.7%), younger (23.9% of users aged 18–29 y vs 10.1% of those aged 70+ y), and from the 2 most affluent socioeconomic quintiles (53.7%). Median weekly moderate/vigorous leisure center–based activity was 55 minutes per week (interquartile range: 30–99). Being female (odds ratio: 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.95–2.35), older (odds ratio: 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.16), and using a large facility (odds ratio: 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.42) were positive predictors of leisure center–based PA. Conclusion: Older adults and females were more likely to be active and achieve the recommended PA levels through usage of the centers. Widespread use of this novel measure of leisure center–based activity would improve the understanding of how local authority leisure centers can address physical inactivity and its associated inequalities.
Space Study of a Red Tide-Related Environmental Disaster near Kamchatka Peninsula in September–October 2020
Authors: Bondur V. G. , Zamshin V. V. , Chvertkova O. I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results of space monitoring of an extreme ecological situation near Kamchatka Peninsula, which was responsible for a mass death of hydrobionts in autumn 2020, are presented. The analysis of long-term series of satellite data (>15 000 scenes) on sea surface temperature (from 1981 to 2020) and concentration of chlorophyll a (from 2000 to 2020) showed strong positive temperature anomalies (deviations from a climate norm 3–6°C) in the studied region in July–September 2020, which resulted in anomalous increase in the concentration of chlorophyll a (5–8 times higher than the background values) in the end of September–the beginning of October 2020. As a result, a significantly changed biogenic regime led to harmful bloom of algae (red tide), which caused death of hydrobionts both in Avacha Bay and coastal regions of the entire Kamchatka Peninsula.
Time to achieve best postoperative visual acuity following Boston keratoprosthesis surgery
Authors: El-Khoury Jonathan , Mustafa Majd , Daoud Roy , Harissi-Dagher Mona 
Published: March 2021

Background/aimsTo evaluate the time needed for patients with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) to reach their best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and all contributing factors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 137 consecutive eyes from 118 patients, measured how long they needed to reach their BCVA and looked at factors that might affect this time duration including patient demographics, ocular comorbidities and postoperative complications.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 5.49 years. The median time to BCVA postoperatively was 6 months, with 47% of patients achieving their BCVA by 3 months. The mean best achieved logMAR visual acuity was 0.71, representing a gain of 6 lines on the Snellen visual acuity chart. Postoperative glaucoma, retroprosthetic membrane (RPM) and endophthalmitis prolonged this duration. We found no correlation between the following factors and time to BCVA: gender, age, indication for KPro surgery, primary versus secondary KPro, number of previous penetrating keratoplasties, previous retinal surgery, intraoperative anterior vitrectomy and preoperative glaucoma.ConclusionIn our retrospective cohort, the majority of subjects reached their BCVA between 3 and 6 months after KPro implantation. This duration was significantly prolonged by the development of postoperative glaucoma, RPM and endophthalmitis.
Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in France from 2010 to 2016: seasonal and geographical variations
Authors: Ben Ghezala Inès , Mariet Anne Sophie , Benzenine Eric , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Baudin Florian , Bron Alain M , Quantin Catherine , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine P 
Published: March 2021

AimsTo investigate the annual and monthly hospital incidence rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) from 2010 to 2016 in France at the national and regional levels.MethodsIn this nationwide database study, we identified hospital and clinic admissions of French residents for a first episode of RRD in France during 2010–2016 from the national administrative database. The annual and monthly hospital incidence rates of RRD per 100 000 population were calculated for the whole country and for each region.ResultsThe average annual national hospital incidence rate of RRD was 21.97±1.04 per 100 000 population. The annual national hospital incidence rate of RRD was the lowest in 2010 (20.91 per 100 000 population) after which it increased until 2015 (23.55 per 100 000 population). The average monthly national RRD hospital incidence rate was the highest in June (2.03±0.12 per 100 000 population) and the lowest in August (1.60±0.09). The average annual age-standardised and sex-standardised regional hospital incidence rate was the highest in Guadeloupe and Pays de la Loire (28.30±2.74 and 26.13±0.84 per 100 000 population, respectively) and the lowest in French Guiana and Martinique (15.51±3.50 and 17.29±2.12 per 100 000 population, respectively).ConclusionsThe average annual national hospital incidence rate of RRD increased from 2010 to 2015. The hospital incidence rate of RRD seemed to vary according to season and geographical location.
Sports injuries and illnesses at the Lausanne 2020 Youth Olympic Winter Games: a prospective study of 1783 athletes from 79 countries
Authors: Palmer Debbie , Engebretsen Lars , Carrard Justin , Grek Natalia , Königstein Karsten , Maurer Debbie J , Roos Thomas , Stollenwerk Lauren , Tercier Stephane , Weinguni Raphael , Soligard Torbjørn 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the injury and illness characteristics among participating athletes during the Lausanne 2020 Youth Olympic Winter Games (YOG 2020), 9–22 January 2020.MethodsThe daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses were recorded (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues by the Lausanne 2020 medical staff.ResultsIn total, 1783 athletes from 79 NOCs were observed. NOC and Lausanne 2020 medical staff reported 228 injuries and 167 illnesses, equating 11.7 injuries and 8.6 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 14-day period. Injury incidence was highest for snowboard slopestyle (39%), bobsleigh (36%), snowboard big air (29%), ski slopestyle (29%), snowboard cross (24%) and ski cross (21%), and lowest for speed skating, snowboard halfpipe and curling (2%–4%). The highest incidence of illness was recorded for curling (21%), ski mountaineering (15%), snowboard halfpipe (13%), bobsleigh (11%), cross-country skiing (10%) and figure skating (10%). Almost one-third of injuries were expected to result in time loss and 17% of illnesses. Most injuries occurred to the knee (12%) and head (11%), and 64% of illnesses affected the respiratory system. Overall, women suffered more injuries and illness than males.ConclusionOverall, injury and illness rates were similar compared with recent YOG. While the rate and characteristics of injury and illness varied between sports, consistent patterns across YOG are emerging. If addressed, changes in highlighted areas of risk could have a positive impact on the health and well-being of these young athletes.
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and predict CVD events and all-cause deaths: a prospective analysis
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Niu Jingya , Wu Shujing , Xin Zhuojun , Zhao Zhiyun , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Wang Tiange , Chen Yuhong , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Xu Yiping , Ye Lei , Dai Meng , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Xu Yu , Li Mian 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the associations of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) levels with risks of subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiovascular events and all-cause deaths.MethodsData from a large population-based cohort were used, which included 9580 participants aged ≥40 years free from cardiovascular diseases. Carotid intima–media thickness, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index were measured at baseline to assess subclinical atherosclerosis. After a median of 4.53 years’ follow-up, 486 cardiovascular events and 230 all-cause deaths were recorded.ResultsThe urinary ACR levels were categorised into three groups. Compared with the normal group (0≤ACR <7.82 mg/g), people with low-grade albuminuria (7.82≤ACR <30 mg/g) and albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g) had higher levels of subclinical atherosclerosis. In prospective analysis, people with low-grade albuminuria was not significantly associated with cardiovascular events (HR=1.18; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.46], whereas people with albuminuria had a 50% higher risk of cardiovascular events (HR=1.50; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.03). People with low-grade albuminuria and albuminuria had 43% (HR=1.43; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.93) and 87% (HR=1.87; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.81) higher risks of all-cause deaths during follow-up, respectively. In stratified analysis, the association of higher ACR with risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause deaths was stronger among individuals with concomitant subclinical atherosclerosis, the presence of diabetes and more cardiovascular risk factors, respectively.ConclusionsACR levels were positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and predicted the risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause deaths. Evaluation of ACR levels should be integrated into risk stratification and prevention of cardiovascular events and all-cause deaths, especially among those with pre-existing subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic abnormalities.
Technology-assisted depression screening tools for patients with cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lazaro-Escudero Maria Isabel , Burgos-Cardona Camila Alanna , Acevedo-Fernández Karina , Castro-Figueroa Eida Maria 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAmong patients with cancer, depression is still under-detected. The use of technology-assisted screening tools is rising; however, little is known about the uptake of these devices as depression screening tools among patients with cancer.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The review is registered with PROSPERO and any adjustments to the protocol will be traced. The aims of this systematic review are to (1) identify the most common and feasible depression screening information technology (IT) delivery models among patients with cancer, (2) identify the most common depression screening instrument used in IT devices and (3) describe the published technology-assisted depression screening tools for patients with cancer. PubMed, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases will be used. PICO (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) guidelines will inform the inclusion criteria. Two researchers will independently review titles and abstracts, followed by full article review and data extraction. In the case of a disagreement, a third reviewer will make the final decision. Title/abstract screening will be conducted using a screening tool prepared by the researchers. Articles will be included for review if: (1) the study includes patients with cancer, cancer survivors and/or patients on remission, (2) depression is screened using technology and (3) technology-assisted depression screening effectiveness, efficacy, feasibility and/or acceptance is addressed. The quality of the articles will be assessed using the Methodological Index For Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS, maximum score 24) through independent coding of reviewers.Ethics and disseminationThis research is exempt from ethics approval given that this is a protocol for a systematic review, which uses published data. Findings from this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42019121048.
Gendered economic, social and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation policies in Kenya: evidence from a prospective cohort survey in Nairobi informal settlements
Authors: Pinchoff Jessie , Austrian Karen , Rajshekhar Nandita , Abuya Timothy , Kangwana Beth , Ochako Rhoune , Tidwell James Benjamin , Mwanga Daniel , Muluve Eva , Mbushi Faith , Nzioki Mercy , Ngo Thoai D 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesCOVID-19 may spread rapidly in densely populated urban informal settlements. Kenya swiftly implemented mitigation policies; we assess the economic, social and health-related harm disproportionately impacting women.DesignA prospective longitudinal cohort study with repeated mobile phone surveys in April, May and June 2020.Participants and setting2009 households across five informal settlements in Nairobi, sampled from two previously interviewed cohorts.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes include food insecurity, risk of household violence and forgoing necessary health services due to the pandemic. Gender-stratified linear probability regression models were constructed to determine the factors associated with these outcomes.ResultsBy May, more women than men reported adverse effects of COVID-19 mitigation policies on their lives. Women were 6 percentage points more likely to skip a meal versus men (coefficient: 0.055; 95% CI 0.016 to 0.094), and those who had completely lost their income were 15 percentage points more likely versus those employed (coefficient: 0.154; 95% CI 0.125 to 0.184) to skip a meal. Compared with men, women were 8 percentage points more likely to report increased risk of household violence (coefficient: 0.079; 95% CI 0.028 to 0.130) and 6 percentage points more likely to forgo necessary healthcare (coefficient: 0.056; 95% CI 0.037 to 0.076).ConclusionsThe pandemic rapidly and disproportionately impacted the lives of women. As Kenya reopens, policymakers must deploy assistance to ensure women in urban informal settlements are able to return to work, and get healthcare and services they need to not lose progress on gender equity made to date.
Telehealth versus self-directed lifestyle intervention to promote healthy blood pressure: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Taher Mohamed , Yule Christina , Bonaparte Heather , Kwiecien Sara , Collins Charlotte , Naylor Allison , Juraschek S P , Bailey-Davis Lisa , Chang Alex R 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionWeight loss, consumption of a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern, reduced sodium intake and increased physical activity have been shown to lower blood pressure (BP). Use of web-based tools and telehealth to deliver lifestyle counselling could be potentially scalable solutions to improve BP through behavioural modification though limited data exists to support these approaches in clinical practice.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial will compare the efficacy of a telehealth versus self-directed lifestyle intervention in lowering 24-hour SBP in patients with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and 24-hour SBP 120–160 mm Hg. All participants receive personalised recommendations to improve dietary quality based on a web-based Food Frequency Questionnaire, access to an online comprehensive weight management programme and a smartphone dietary app. The telehealth arm additionally includes weekly calls with registered dietitian nutritionists who use motivational interviewing. The primary outcome is change from baseline to 12 weeks in 24-hour SBP. Secondary outcomes include changes from baseline in 24-hour diastolic BP, daytime SBP, nighttime SP, daytime diastolic BP, nighttime diastolic BP, total Healthy Eating Index-2015 score, weight, waist circumference and physical activity. Other prespecified outcomes will include change in individual components of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 score, and satisfaction with the Healthy BP research study measured on a 5-point Likert scale.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Geisinger Institutional Review Board. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03700710.
‘A silent epidemic of grief’: a survey of bereavement care provision in the UK and Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pearce Caroline , Honey Jonathan R , Lovick Roberta , Zapiain Creamer Nicola , Henry Claire , Langford Andy , Stobert Mark , Barclay Stephen 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the experiences and views of practitioners in the UK and Ireland concerning changes in bereavement care during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignOnline survey using a snowball sampling approach.SettingPractitioners working in hospitals, hospices, care homes and community settings across the UK and Ireland.ParticipantsHealth and social care professionals involved in bereavement support.InterventionsBrief online survey distributed widely across health and social care organisations.Results805 respondents working in hospice, community, and hospital settings across the UK and Ireland completed the survey between 3 August and 4 September 2020. Changes to bereavement care practice were reported in: the use of telephone, video and other forms of remote support (90%); supporting people bereaved from non-COVID conditions (76%), from COVID-19 (65%) and people bereaved before the pandemic (61%); funeral arrangements (61%); identifying bereaved people who might need support (56%); managing complex forms of grief (48%) and access to specialist services (41%). Free-text responses demonstrated the complexities and scale of the impact on health and social care services, practitioners and their relationships with bereaved families, and on bereaved people.ConclusionsThe pandemic has created major challenges for the support of bereaved people: increased needs for bereavement care, transition to remote forms of support and the stresses experienced by practitioners, among others. The extent to which services are able to adapt, meet the escalating level of need and help to prevent a ‘tsunami of grief’ remains to be seen. The pandemic has highlighted the need for bereavement care to be considered an integral part of health and social care provision.