bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ): Indonesian Perspective as an Archipelagic State
Authors: Dirhamsyah  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) is the proposed new international agreement on the sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. It will be an international, legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The road to the development of a new international agreement has been started. The issue of BBNJ has been discussed for the past 15 years since the adoption of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution A/Res/59/24 on November 17, 2004. This paper addresses the issue of the development of BBNJ from the Indonesian perspective as an Archipelagic State. Analysis of available publications related to all activities’ legal standing in the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) is conducted in this paper. The article starts with definitions and the legal standing of BBNJ. This paper specifically elaborates the package deal components as the basis for drafting an international legally binding instrument (ILBI). The package deal comprises marine genetic resources and access to benefits sharing, area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessment, capacity-building, and marine technology transfer. The paper will then elaborate on the policy implication of BBNJ for Indonesia, including the adverse and its benefits. Finally, the article concludes with Indonesia’s recommendations to anticipate the entry into force of the new agreement of BBNJ.
Stochastic model to predict boron concentration with different inflow and interval irrigation in greenhouse
Authors: Sudriani Y , Lestari F S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study presents the development of a stochastic modelling system and a laboratory works on the greenhouse scale for estimating the concentration of boron in controlled irrigated-paddy plants. The model was developed based on Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Python 3.6. The stochastic model is developed to predict boron concentration through different treatments (different inflow and interval irrigation) inside the greenhouse. There were three treatments of the experiment in greenhouse scale: the buckets filled using full of open inflow in bucket one, the buckets filled using a half of open inflow in bucket two, the buckets filled using a quarter of open inflow in bucket three. The study used integration data using Odeint python package, Hargraves model, and chemical kinetics to estimate the boron concentration. The result shows that bucket two and bucket three have higher boron concentration than bucket one based on laboratory experiment. In this study, the simulation approaches show performances which are satisfactory to predict boron concentration up to three second in the buckets.
Short review: Which aquatic ecosystem model should Indonesian lake managers opt for?
Authors: Sunaryani A , Rustini H A , Santoso A B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the key requirements of successful water quality management in lakes and reservoirs is a good understanding of the underlying processes within the system. Lake managers, however, need a very simple practical tool to support quality regulation and policy implementation in terms of protecting and restoring these ecosystems. Here, we communicate a starting point from which lake managers, particularly in Indonesia, can gain a better understanding of aquatic ecosystem processes through the integrated application of different models. Until now, numerical aquatic ecosystem models have been used rarely in designing lake and reservoir restoration programs in Indonesia. We highlight the importance of model applications, while noting the difficulties of advancing management plans for Indonesian lakes and reservoirs.
Ecohydrology: A management tool for aquatic ecosystem and SDGs implementation
Authors: Sutapa I D A , Fakhrudin M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The availability and quality of water resources are not only to support human health and well-being, but also are providing the functioning of essential ecosystems, including rivers, wetlands, lakes and coastal ecosystems. The contamination of the aquatic ecosystem certainly carries a substantial loss, not only for the environment but also for human beings who use the goods and services of the environment. Water related problems often cannot be managed and overcome completely because of sectoral approach, monodisciplinary and unintegrated. Trans disciplinary science dealing with the interaction of hydrological processes and the dynamics of biology and/or ecology in various spatial, temporal conditions and human life practices around its environment is called ecohydrology. The ecohydrology concept is agreed to solve water related problems in the world. It is included in one of UNESCO IHP VIII themes to support SDGs achievement. This article aims to demonstrate the concept of ecohydrology in supporting sustainable water resource management. Based on the implementation of ecohydrology concept in three different demonstration sites, the results showed that it has been agreed as the solution to improve and restore river basin and lake ecosystem functions and services. It is important to note that the implementation of ecohydrology should consider economic valuation, political and government support as well as local society involvement in order to get effective and sustainable solutions for managing water resources.
Lake and the laws: An exploratory network analysis of legal provisions for lake management
Authors: Irawan E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Integrated lake management requires coherence of various regulations related to environmental preservation and natural resource use. There are, as of yet, no specific laws governing lake management. Legal provisions related to lake management are widely scattered in various environmental legislations. Legal provisions provide a framework for stakeholders, especially government agencies, to take the various actions required in lake management and have a major impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of implementing these measures. This study aims to analyse the relationship between various legal provisions of lake management as mandated in laws and regulations. The method used in this research is exploratory quantitative method by applying social network analysis tools. The data used are 32 laws and government regulations identified have relevance to lake management. The analysis shows that the legal provisions of lake management in Indonesia are complex and tend to be sectoral. The complexity on the one hand gives an indication that the management of the lake has been arranged in detail and on the other hand shows the neglect of complexity and ambiguity in implementation. Weak law enforcement also adds to the problem of implementation. The implication of these findings is the need for government efforts to synchronize various regulations in lake management.
Modeling Cassegrain Antenna Ka Band
Authors: Rizal S , Ardhana Z Rainaldy , Hasanah N S Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As frequency increases wavelength decreases. Hence it becomes possible to construct antennas that are of moderate physical size. This allows the possibility of constructing antennas with a large aperture, high gain and narrow beamwidth. This type of radiation behaviour allows the antenna to be deployed in point to point microwave links. A very convenient way of achieving this behaviour at microwave frequencies is to use shaped metal reflectors. This method use Cassegrain design for subreflector configuration where the subreflector is a section of hyperboloid within the focus of the paraboloidal main reflector. The subreflector has two focal points. One of which is made to coincide with that of the main reflector and the other with the phase center of the feed horn. To facilitate maintenance it is possible to install it at ground level in a building under the antenna by using a system of microwave mirrors to guide the radio waves from the primary feed at ground level to the focus of the reflector. This arrangement permits the high power and low noise amplifiers to be installed at the ground surface. A rotary joint is not required because the beams are guided in free space rather than via waveguide. The perturbation caused by the auxiliary mirror leads to a slight reduction of gain.
Application of Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) satellite data for drought mitigation in Bintan island, Indonesia
Authors: Narulita Ida , Fajary Faiz R. , Mulyono Asep , Kusratmoko Eko , Djuwansah Muhamad R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The water resources of Bintan Island is limited and dependent on rainfall variability. The exposed location of Bintan small island make this island particularly vulnerable to natural disaster expecially drought. The meteorological drought related information is required for the water resources management of Bintan island. This article provides calibration of CHIRPS data. The ground-based rainfall observation data is used for CHIRPS data calibration. The Drought analysis used CHIRPS rainfall data, and ground-based observation data was carried out using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results showed that the data set performed well in assessing drought years (1982, 1997, and 2015). The statistical Z test results showed that the CHIRPS data and ground-based observation data were not showing significantly different values. This study concludes that CHIRPS data is valuable for drought monitoring tools in Bintan island, where the ground-based observation rainfall data is very limited.
The growth of forearc basins along the oblique western Sunda subduction zone and its implication to seismic hazards
Authors: Mukti M M , Daryono M R , Puji A R , Natawidjaja D H 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe growth of forearc basins in an oblique subduction system has been proposed to have related to strike-slip faulting due to strain partitioning. We reviewed several models of the primary controls on the evolution of the forearc basin in the western Sunda subduction zone: formation of the sliver plate, the occurrence of continental backstop, development of strike-slip faults traversing the basins, flexure, and uplift of the forearc high. It appears that the major control of the subsidence of the basin is due to the uplift of forearc high. However, the present day morphology of the forearc high and forearc basin seems to have been largely controlled by the subduction of roughness morphology on the oceanic crust. The occurrence of subducting bathymetric highs on the oceanic crust is likely to have contributed on the spatial distribution of large earthquakes in the forearc region.
The velocity structures derived from anisotropic inversion of teleseismic receiver functions around Flores Island, Indonesia
Authors: Syuhada S , Anggono T , Febriani F , Prasetio A D , Dewi C N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We determine the shear wave velocity structure beneath a seismic station located in the Flores Island using anisotropic inversion of Neighbourhood algorithm. The study area is located in the boundary transition zone from subduction to collision in eastern part of Indonesia, providing an ideal and unique place for crustal anisotropic studies. The previous crustal study using receiver function analysis conducted around this region found the amplitude and timing variations of arrivals as a function of back azimuth. These variations suggest the presence of anisotropic structures underneath the region. Thus, in this study we reanalyze the velocity structure derived from receiver functions by incorporating anisotropic parameters in the inversion process. In general, the best fit model derived from the anisotropic inversion is comparable with the previous study. The crustal thickness beneath the study area is around 38 km and the model also shows P and S waves anisotropic layer at the upper and lower crust. The difference of fast anisotropy axis observed on these layers may reveal the different mechanism of deformation between the shallow and deeper parts of the crust underneath the study area.
Garsela Fault and other NE-SW active faults along the southern part of Java Island
Authors: Arisbaya Ilham , Lestiana H , Mukti M M , Handayani L , Grandis H , Warsa  , Sumintadireja P 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost earthquake studies focus mainly on offshore subduction zones that often produce high-magnitude earthquakes. However, onshore active fault earthquakes also common to cause significant devastation, due to their proximity to human activity and their relatively shallow depth. Most of active faults in Java show a west-east (W-E) trending direction. However, the devastating Opak Fault ruptured in a NE-SW trend. Recent studies indicate that some shallow seismic clusters in Java cannot be associated with any known active fault traces. These seismic activities reported occurring in southern Garut, Cipamingkis (Sukabumi), Halimun-Salak Mountain (Bogor), and Grindulu in Pacitan. These seismic clusters show similar direction to the Opak Fault that ruptured an Mw6.4 earthquake in 2006 with thousands of fatalities. Here, we describe a brief review of the NE-SW trending active fault in the southern Garut area. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon with a repetitive mechanism. Therefore, we must be aware of the future hazard that has been demonstrated by recent seismic activities in this area.
Opak Strike Slip Fault Modeling Interpretation Using Photogrammetry Method of Drone Survey in Trimulyo, Bantul, Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Farisan Ardhan , Puswanto Eko , Arisa Deasy , Afif Mohammad Al , Priyanto Wisnu , Aulia Atin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Opak fault was known as the Epicenter of the Yogyakarta earthquake on May 27, 2006. This earthquake claimed more than 5,000 more lives, especially in the Yogyakarta area and its surroundings. Various studies have been carried out in determining and defining Opak faults. This study focuses on describing the crush zone of the Opak fault in Trimulyo, Bantul, Yogyakarta using photogrammetry method of drone survey. The area photogrammetry of study area equal to +256.000 m2with 231.159 tie points, 29.484.107 points of dense cloud, 1.965.606 face of 3D model, 3.08 cm/pixel resolution of the tiled model, and 12.3 cm/pixel resolution of the DEM/DTM model. The interpretation showed in this area were found in the form of two (2) major strike – slip fault that are defined as Opak Fault[4]. Opak faults are the main structure controlling this study area that have direction from 0° to 35°. There are minor faults (flower structure) with a very heterogeneous direction orientation from 0° to 160° as result of compressional wrenching from major fault, defined as number 1-10 fault. According to Sanderson and Manchini (1984)[27]model, the geometry and kinematics of structures expected for this study area are controlled by a maximum compression (σ1) axis in an approximately North-South direction, as the movement of the Indo-Australia subduction to Eurasia (South East Asia) tectonic plate[28]. This flower structure character in this area defined as the destruction zone caused the devastation in the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006.
Potential of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) for gold phytomining from mercury amalgamation tailings
Authors: Noviardi R , Karuniawan A , Sofyan E T , Suryatmana P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) generally use mercury amalgamation method to recover gold from the ores. The method leaves waste or tailing that still contain gold and other metals. The aim of this study was to determine the potential use of ten sweet potato clones to recover gold from mercury amalgamation tailing. The pot experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from February to May 2019. The Mercury amalgamation tailing that used in this study collected from ASGM in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. All experimental plants were harvested after 11 weeks, below-ground and above-ground part biomass were separated, washed and weighed. The results showed that there were no significant differences of gold concentration in 10 clones of sweet potato. According to a bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value, seven sweet potato clones have value above 1 and considered as potential gold accumulators, which is MZ332, MZ154, MZ119, Kriting Maja, 14 (84), Rancing and 44(41); meanwhile based on translocation factor (TF) value, only one sweet potato clone that is MZ119 has value above 1 so that classified as phytoextraction potential.
Fabrication of Pure Aluminium Reinforced Graphene Composite for Heat Sink Applications
Authors: Pillai K V , Nerpagar V V , Dhokey N B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Technology is growing fast and as a result of this, the performance of electronic devices is rapidly increasing. These devices generate heat as current flow through them and this heat energy has to be safely managed and dissipated which is achieved with the help of a heat sink. Amongst the heat sink materials, graphene reinforced metal matrix composite is emerging as an alternative promising high thermally conducting material and an effective material for proper heat management. In the current work, Metal matrix composites based on pure aluminium reinforced with graphene powder are fabricated using stir casting method. Thermal and mechanical characteristics studies were performed on the stir cast composite specimen. Certain parameters like argon for stirring, processing temperature (820°C), stirring time (5-10 sec) and graphene content (10 volume% of pure aluminium added) were considered for the experiment. The enhancement in heat conduction of the test samples were confirmed by the wear testing method. High rate of heat conduction and comparatively low wear rate were observed in aluminium-graphene composite rather than pure aluminium as received sample. The test samples were analysed using optical microscope, SEM and EDS. Thus, this paper present insight in to the fabrication of Aluminium-graphene composite by stir casting method. In addition, thermal and mechanical characterizations of the fabricated samples are also examined.
Change in Fresh and Rheological Properties of Mortar and Concrete prepared using Red Mud- A Review
Authors: Putrevu Manasa , Jothi Saravanan T. , Bisht Kunal , Syed Ahmed Kabeer K. I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The construction industry produces 5-7% of all CO2 emissions and is the second-highest emitter of all industrial carbon dioxide. Reusing industrial waste and by-products in cementitious materials has found to enhance properties and reduce the carbon footprint. Red mud is one such byproduct generated in large quantities during the manufacturing of alumina. Red mud’s utilization in the construction industry can also address the challenge of increasing red mud reserves, posing a threat to the environment. The studies carried out by various authors suggest that red mud could successfully be incorporated in concrete and mortar. The extent of incorporation of red mud in the material can be decided based on the required application and properties. This paper presents a comprehensive review of red mud’s effect on the rheological and fresh properties of concrete and mortar which are crucial for their constructability.
A Comparative Study of Two Different Type of Metamaterial Unit Cells for Miniaturization and Multiband of Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2.4 GHz Frequency
Authors: Sharma N , Vyas K , Shrivastav R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper we design a multiband microstrip patch antenna (MPA) metamaterial (MM). We used two different types of MM unit cells and loaded these unit cells on the antenna, respectively. Thus, it can be decided which metamaterial is more appropriate for multiband and size reduction. One MM structure is new proposed geometry. It is in the shape of a Hindu mythological symbol ‘Swastiks’ and another MM unit cell is conventional split ring resonator. Before designing the MM loaded antenna, we analyze the characteristics of both kind of MM unit cells. We use the HFSS software for the simulation purpose.
Review and Assessment of Factors Associated with Green Building Rating Systems
Authors: Chodnekar Haresh , Yadav Prachi , Chaturvedi Harsh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Globalization has created rapid development in every sector, especially in the infrastructure and real estate sector. Building and construction industry is responsible for energy-related CO2 emissions through the manufacturing of building materials, products and also have adverse impacts on non-renewable resources. For mitigation of these adverse impacts, green construction practices are encouraged by most of the countries in the world by developing various green building rating systems. These systems include criteria like energy efficiency, passive design aspects, renewable energy systems incorporation, life cycle assessment (LCA), post-occupancy evaluation, site planning, and resources conservation aspects and innovations which are common in most of the countries’ rating systems. Although we have these green rating systems, the construction practices and on-site actions of contractors, architects, engineers, and consultants play a very crucial role in the implementation of these green principles. This paper aims to investigate the gaps between the theories of green rating systems and the adoption of the green specifications actually in practice in construction projects. This will help to point out the hurdles in the adoption and execution of green construction practices and also suggest the useful implications for government, construction companies, and green building councils for better application of green construction practices on sites.
Retrieving Spatial Pattern of Urban Using Spectral Ratios for Major Features of an Urban Ecosystem with Satellite Image Processing
Authors: Baranwal Ekta , Ahmad Shamshad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sustainability is not limited to one field or dimension; it is related to every aspect of humans’ life, whatever surrounds us. The growing population always creates the need to expand urban areas, which affects all other natural resources. To fulfill human activities’ needs, proper balancing and managing natural resources is essential and necessary. So, urban areas are the most sensitive for sustainability because they include natural resources like water and vegetation. Therefore, it becomes vital to plan, develop, and manage the existing and new urban areas sustainably and live by maintaining harmony among the ecosystem. Accordingly, this research shows one method to retrieve urban patterns through satellite images considering the significant components of the urban, i.e., built-ups, water, and vegetation. The study area’s urban pattern is retrieved spatially through two spectral ratios based on three different spectral indices for three urban components with the LANDSAT-8 image.