bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malleable monuments and comparative cultural property law: The Balbo monument between the United States and Italy
Authors: Caponigri Felicia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Still standing in situ today, the Balbo monument in Chicago has presented an especially monumental challenge for the Chicago community, including members of the Italian American community in Chicago. This article considers the laws which regulate cultural heritage in the separate territories of Italy and the United States, cultural property law and historic preservation law, respectively, in light of archival research on the behind-the-scenes maneuvers of the Balbo monument’s installation. In certain circumstances, historic property is not the same as cultural property, even though historic property and cultural property may at times overlap. Identity may more greatly inform one category over another through the law’s terminology, connections to place, and resulting historical connections. The central proposal of this article is that some monuments, as they are defined with reference to history under the law, seem so specific to certain histories and historical narratives that they might be meant to be, perhaps counterintuitively, malleable monuments. Despite their characterization as historic property or cultural property, malleable monuments should, can, and, at times, already do, proverbially bend to our shifting and evolving notions of identity as they are inevitably tied to our histories. In Italy, “malleable” may mean tangible monuments with changing symbolism and cultural significance; in the United States, “malleable” may mean embodied symbolism and cultural significance with the impermanence of tangible monuments. Permanence is not definitive of malleable monuments’ existence; rather, impermanence is. Recognizing the complexity of what it means to be Italian in America today through the Balbo monument, the article concludes, may mean accepting the Balbo monument as a malleable monument.
Physical Activity Levels in Hospitalized Adults With Burn Injuries
Authors: Plaza Anita , Adsett Julie , Byrnes Angela , McRae Prue 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhysical activity behavior has not been previously described in hospitalized adults with burn injuries. This prospective, cross-sectional study used a standardized behavioral mapping protocol to observe patient behavior related to physical activity over a 12-hour period on one weekday in a quaternary referral specialist burn center. Structured observations were recorded for each of four domains: 1) patient location, 2) position, 3) activity performed, and 4) the presence of others. Observations were summarized across all participants as median (interquartile range [IQR]) proportion of time. Participants (n = 17) were predominantly male (82%) with a mean age of 44.3 (SD 15.2) years, a mean burn size of 34.9% (SD 26.7) TBSA, and a median hospital length of stay of 18 (IQR 6–49) days at time of observation. Participants spent a median of 83% (IQR 73–93) of time in their bedroom, 92% (IQR 68–97) of time in or on their bed and a median of 5% (IQR 3–13) of time mobilizing. Exercise accounted for 10% (IQR 8–17) of activity-related observations. A median of 68% (IQR 39–83) of time was spent alone. Results suggest time spent engaging in physical activity is low. Further studies are required to investigate motivators and barriers to performing physical activity in this population. This will consequently inform the development and implementation of appropriate strategies to improve physical activity behavior in this cohort.
Differential attenuation in star-forming galaxies at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 1.5 in the SHARDS/CANDELS field
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz L , Rodighiero G , Pérez-González P G , Talia M , Baronchelli I , Morselli L , Renzini A , Puglisi A , Grazian A , Zanella A , Mancini C , Feltre A , Romano M , Vidal García A , Franceschini A , Alcalde Pampliega B , Cassata P , Costantin L , Domínguez Sánchez H , Espino-Briones N , Iani E , Koekemoer A , Lumbreras-Calle A , Rodríguez-Espinosa J M 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 706 galaxies, selected as [O ii]λ3727 ([O ii]) emitters in the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS) on the CANDELS/GOODS-N field, to study the differential attenuation of the nebular emission with respect to the stellar continuum. The sample includes only galaxies with a counterpart in the infrared and log10(M*/M⊙) &gt; 9, over the redshift interval 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 1.5. Our methodology consists in the comparison of the star formation rates inferred from [O ii] and  Hα emission lines with a robust quantification of the total star-forming activity (SFR TOT) that is independently estimated based on both infrared and ultraviolet (UV) luminosities. We obtain $f\, =\, E(B-V)_{\mathrm{stellar}}$/E(B − V)nebular = 0.69$^{0.71}_{0.69}$ and 0.55$^{0.56}_{0.53}$ for [O ii] and  Hα, respectively. Our resulting f-factors display a significant positive correlation with the UV attenuation and shallower or not-significant trends with the stellar mass, the SFRTOT, the distance to the main sequence, and the redshift. Finally, our results favour an average nebular attenuation curve similar in shape to the typical dust curve of local starbursts.
Theoretical analysis on pulsar timing of a millisecond pulsar around a binary black hole
Authors: Wu Xiao-Jun , Yuan Ye-Fei , Kumar Rajiv , Luo Yan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The merging binary black holes (BBHs) have been detected by the ground gravitational-wave observatories, but it is very difficult to detect BBHs before their mergers. Since millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are remarkable precise ‘clocks’ in Universe, they could be used to detect the hidden BBHs, if they exist in systems of BBHs. Doing so, we construct a triple system which consists of a BBH and a third outer MSP. The theoretical studies have shown that the inner binary could cause additional time residuals (i.e. R$\ddot{o}$mer delay) on the orbit of the outer MSP, which can be used to detect inner BBHs. Using N-body simulations, in this paper, we calculate such time residuals, and analyse the periodic signals of them by Fast Fourier Transform, which allow us to explore the effects of the parameters of the inner BBHs. Specifically, we assume that the triple system is coplanar and stable; the distance from the earth is ∼1 kpc; the mass of each black hole is $10\, {\rm M}_\odot$. We find that the amplitude of the time residual increases with the semimajor axis and eccentricity of the inner BBH. Moreover, we find that there are several prominent and characteristic periodic signals for different parameters of the inner BBHs. With the help of the analytic results, we find these frequencies are due to different orders of the eccentricities of both the inner and outer binaries. Thus, in principle, we can use these frequencies to determine the parameters of the inner BBHs.
Dynamic queuosine changes in tRNA couple nutrient levels to codon choice in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Dixit Sameer , Kessler Alan C , Henderson Jeremy , Pan Xiaobei , Zhao Ruoxia , D’Almeida Gabriel Silveira , Kulkarni Sneha , Rubio Mary Anne T , Hegedűsová Eva , Ross Robert L , Limbach Patrick A , Green Brian D , Paris Zdeněk , Alfonzo Juan D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Every type of nucleic acid in cells undergoes programmed chemical post-transcriptional modification. Generally, modification enzymes use substrates derived from intracellular metabolism, one exception is queuine (q)/queuosine (Q), which eukaryotes obtain from their environment; made by bacteria and ultimately taken into eukaryotic cells via currently unknown transport systems. Here, we use a combination of molecular, cell biology and biophysical approaches to show that in Trypanosoma brucei tRNA Q levels change dynamically in response to concentration variations of a sub-set of amino acids in the growth media. Most significant were variations in tyrosine, which at low levels lead to increased Q content for all the natural tRNAs substrates of tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT). Such increase results from longer nuclear dwell time aided by retrograde transport following cytoplasmic splicing. In turn high tyrosine levels lead to rapid decrease in Q content. Importantly, the dynamic changes in Q content of tRNAs have negligible effects on global translation or growth rate but, at least, in the case of tRNATyr it affected codon choice. These observations have implications for the occurrence of other tunable modifications important for ‘normal’ growth, while connecting the intracellular localization of modification enzymes, metabolites and tRNAs to codon selection and implicitly translational output.
A Machine Learning Approach to Identify Predictors of Frequent Vaping and Vulnerable Californian Youth Subgroups
Authors: Fu Rui , Shi Jiamin , Chaiton Michael , Leventhal Adam M , Unger Jennifer B , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Machine learning presents a unique opportunity to improve electronic cigarette (vaping) monitoring in youth. Here we built a random forest model to predict frequent vaping status among Californian youth and to identify contributing factors and vulnerable populations.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 1281 ever-vaping twelfth-grade students from metropolitan Los Angeles were surveyed in Fall and in 6-month in Spring. Frequent vaping was measured at the 6-month follow-up as nicotine-containing vaping on 20 or more days in past 30 days. Predictors (n = 131) encompassed sociodemographic characteristics, substance use and perceptions, health status, and characteristics of the household, school, and neighborhood. A random forest was developed to identify the top ten predictors of frequent vaping and interactions by sociodemographic variables.

Results
Forty participants (3.1%) reported frequent vaping at the follow-up. The random forest outperformed a logistic regression model in prediction (C-Index = 0.87 vs. 0.77). Higher past-month nicotine concentration in vape, more daily vaping sessions, and greater nicotine dependence were the top three of the ten most important predictors of frequent vaping. Interactions were found between age and perceived discrimination, and between age and race/ethnicity, as those who were younger than their classmates and either reported experiencing discrimination frequently or identified as Asian or Native American/Pacific Islander were at increased risk of becoming frequent vapers.

Conclusions
Machine learning can produce models that accurately predict progression of vaping behaviors among youth. The potential association between frequent vaping and perceived discrimination warrants more in-depth analyses to confirm if discrimination constitutes a cause of increased vaping.

Implications
This study demonstrates the utility of machine learning in predicting status of frequent vaping over 6 months and understanding predictors and nuanced intersectionality by sociodemographic attributes. The high performance of the random forest model has practical implications for a personalized risk calculator that supports vaping prevention program. Public health officials need to recognize the importance of social factors that contribute to frequent vaping, particularly perceived discrimination. Youth subpopulations, including younger high school students and Asians or Native Americans/Pacific Islanders, might require specially designed interventions to help prevent habit-forming in vaping.
Product Life Cycles in Corporate Finance
Authors: Hoberg Gerard , Maksimovic Vojislav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe develop a novel 10-K text-based model of product life cycles and examine firm investment policies. Conditioning on the life cycle substantially improves the power of q to explain investment and reveals a natural ordering of investments over the life cycle. While R&D and CAPX sensitivity are high early in the cycle, acquisitions arise as products mature, and divestitures and product extension investments arise as products decline. q-sensitivities that condition on the life cycle can vary by as much as 400% from traditional sensitivities. The life cycle framework further reveals an enriched relationship between competition, investment, and corporate profits.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Coresidence and Well-Being among Adult Child Caregivers in Urban China: Impacts of the Domain-Specific Caregiver Burden
Authors: Mao Weiyu , Lou Vivian W Q , Li Mengting , Chi Iris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between coresidence and the well-being of adult child caregivers and examined the domain-specific caregiver burden as the cognitive appraisal pathway in such a relationship in the context of urban China. Data on adult child caregivers (N = 334) came from a regionally representative study using the Family Caregivers for the Frail and Very Elderly survey in 2010, in Shanghai, China. Multistage random sampling was used to collect data. The 24-item Chinese version of the Caregiver Burden Inventory was used to assess five domains of caregiver burden: time dependence, developmental, physical, social, and emotional. Well-being outcomes included depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Path analyses were used to estimate direct and indirect effects on caregiver well-being outcomes. Social burden was found to mediate the relationship between coresidence and caregiver well-being outcomes. Through the intermediary pathway of domain-specific cognitive appraisal, particularly caregiver social burden, coresidence with the care recipient exerts negative influences on caregiver well-being. Healthcare professionals, such as social workers providing support and services to caregivers, should understand the importance of assessing domain-specific burden and incorporate tailored intervention strategies to prevent or reduce social burden, especially among coresident adult child caregivers.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Relationship between Religious Service Attendance and Young Adult Substance Use
Authors: Wu Shiyou , Hodge David R , Wu Qi , Marsiglia Flavio F , Chen Weitao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractYoung adulthood is a time of increased substance use. To better understand the effects of potential protective factors, this study explores the relationship between four types of religious service attendance during emerging adulthood and six measures of young adult substance use. Study data were abstracted from waves I (time 1 [T1]) and IV (time 2 [T2]) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) surveys (N = 14,800). Logistic regression was conducted to calculate the odds of using each substance with the results weighted to produce nationally representative estimates. Analysis revealed that service attendance was generally associated with a lower likelihood of lifetime and recent use across all measures examined at T2. Relative to the reference group (nonattenders at T1 and T2), the protective effects were largest for the consistent attendance group (attenders at T1 and T2), followed by the adult attendance group (nonattenders at T1, attenders at T2), and then the childhood attendance group (attenders at T1, nonattenders at T2). The results suggest that diverse attendance types may exert a protective influence on adult substance use. Practitioners might explore attendance options in clinical settings in a client-centered manner.
Piedmont and X-Trusts: ‘what are protectors for?’
Authors: Renouf Mark , Flavin Marcus 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The authors consider the contrasting approaches of the Royal Court of Jersey and the Supreme Court of Bermuda in construing the proper ambit of protector’s powers to veto or consent to a proposed distribution. In the Piedmont and Riviera case, the Royal Court adopted a wider view of the proper role of the protectors, with a duty to take their own view on the substantive proposals, while in Bermuda, at almost exactly the same time, the Supreme Court, considering very similar powers, took the view that the role of protectors when making decisions of this kind was more akin to that of the court on a blessing application, focussed on the Trustee’s decision-making process, and limited to a ‘watchdog’ role.
Preoperative evaluation of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation
Authors: Akhtar Shamsuddin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
As the population of the world is aging the number of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is also increasing. They pose a unique challenge for the caregivers, as they have age-related physiological changes, multiple comorbidities and cirrhosis-related pathologies.

Recent findings
Twenty-two percent of patients who undergo LT are older than 65 years. Many patients suffer from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis-C virus. Incidence of NASH tends to increase with age, obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Elderly patients require comprehensive cognitive, cardiac and pulmonary evaluation prior to LT. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension and frailty are of specific concern.

Summary
Proportion of elderly patients who are undergoing LT continues to increase. These patients require comprehensive cardiopulmonary and frailty evaluation. Consensus-based practice advisories need to be developed to standardize preoperative evaluation of geriatric patients awaiting LT.
Donation after cardiac death in heart transplantation: is there an ethical dilemma?
Authors: Cardounel Arturo , Julliard Walker 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
In an attempt to address the organ shortages in heart transplantation, USA centres have begun utilizing donation after cardiac death (DCD) as an alternative to traditional donation after brain death (DBD). As this paradigm continues to expand, there is a need to address the medico-legal and ethical aspects of DCD donation, which is the focus of the current review.

Recent findings
Current protocols use criteria established by the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), which is explicit in defining the irreversibility of circulation and brain function in determining death. By the nature of DCD, the patient may not meet death criteria from a biological systems perspective of irreversibility, and thus, the moral dilemma ensues on whether removing vital organs violates our legal and moral obligations to the patient.

Summary
In the current article, we review the ethical issues raised with DCD and define DCD protocols and their ability to comply with established regulatory guidelines while respecting the wishes of patients and their surrogates through informed decisions making about organ donation and end-of-life care.
Understanding the Associations Among Perceived Stress, Self-Control Skills, and Overeating in Asian Adolescents
Authors: Chuang Hsiao-Ling , Wang Ya-Fen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Built on Rosenbaum's self-control theory, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-control skills in the relationship between perceived stress and overeating patterns among adolescents from an Asia-Pacific region.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was used with a school-based, nonclinical sample of 195 adolescents. Participants completed self-report measures assessing study variables and demographic information such as body mass index (BMI) status for adolescents and their parents. Mediation analyses were conducted with Hayes' PROCESS macro modeling tool to assess self-control skills as the mediator of the relationships between perceived stress and each overeating pattern based on the regression-based bootstrapping method, adjusting for potential covariates.

Results:
The prevalence of overweight and obesity was approximately 18% in the current sample of adolescents. While controlling for age, sex, and standardized BMI, self-control skills mediated the effects of stress on emotional and external eating, but not on restrained eating; in addition, self-control skills partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and an overall overeating tendency.

Conclusion:
Consistent with Rosenbaum's self-control theory, self-control skills were found to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional and external eating. This study highlights the importance of prevention treatments developed to impart adolescents with self-control skills, decrease their perceived stress, and consequently, reduce their overeating patterns during this intense developmental period.
The efficacy of augmentative anti-rotational plating plus decortication and autogenic bone grafting for aseptic nonunion after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fracture
Authors: Li Yonggang , Xing Hanbing , Qi Xinchun , Liu Mingxing , Wang Zhiyong , Sang Xiguang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Femoral interlocking intramedullary (IM) nailing fixation is an effective method for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Aseptic nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after IM nailing is uncommon. Currently, the treatment for aseptic femoral shaft nonunion is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of augmentative antirotational plating plus decortication and autogenic bone grafting for aseptic femoral shaft nonunion after IM nailing failure.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 25 cases of aseptic femoral shaft fracture nonunion treated with IM nailing from January 2015 to August 2019. All patients were treated by leaving the nail in situ, debridement of nonunion sites, decortication, autogenous iliac bone grafting, and augmentative antirotational plating fixation. The time to fracture union and complications were recorded.

Results:
All patients were followed up for 12–18 months. The union rate after revision surgery was 100%. The average union time was 5.5 months (range, 4-10). Subjective pain symptoms had disappeared in all patients. There were no incision infections or internal fixator fatigue fractures. Average scores of the physical function and bodily pain components of the SF-36 were 95.5 (range, 91-98) and 94.1 (range, 90-97), respectively. No other obvious complications occurred postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Augmentative antirotational plating plus decortication and autogenic bone grafting is an excellent choice for treating femoral shaft fracture nonunion after IM nailing; this approach has an overall high union rate and few complications.
A Transformative Learning Experience for Senior Nursing Students
Authors: Revell Susan M. Hunter , Sethares Kristen A. , Chin Elizabeth Danells , Kellogg Marni B. , Armstrong Deborah , Reynolds Teresa 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Research suggests that clinical practicums in hospital-based settings are important, even if condensed, to provide students with the opportunity for real-world learning experiences. Rational dialogue makes learning meaningful and empowers students to learn by reflecting on experiences.

Problem:
The COVID-19 pandemic minimized availability of traditional one-to-one mentorship practicums.

Approach:
This article describes the use of critical reflection on experiences in an undergraduate senior mentorship course to assess student learning through the thematic analysis of writing assignments. Guided by Mezirow's transformative learning theory, students completed a traditional group clinical practice, written reflective journals and virtual seminars focused on role development, and reflection on concurrent learning in clinical and simulation experiences.

Outcomes:
Transformative learning was evident in their writing. Student journals demonstrated themes of responding to change, discovering resilience, developing confidence, finding gratitude, embracing advocacy, and transforming and becoming.

Conclusions:
Through critical reflection, students recognized the opportunities mentorship afforded them, despite challenges.