bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Volume Expansion and Fluid Kinetics of 20% Albumin During General Anesthesia and Surgery Lasting for More Than 5 Hours
Authors: Gunnström Michaela , Zdolsek Joachim H. , Hahn Robert G. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative administration of crystalloid for plasma volume expansion may be reduced by use of hyperoncotic albumin. However, the degree of plasma volume expansion with administration of 20% albumin is poorly quantitated. We estimated the amount of volume expansion attributable to 20% albumin administration in patients undergoing surgery for more than 5 hours.

METHODS:
Twenty percent albumin was delivered at 3 mL/kg by intravenous infusion during 30 minutes to 15 patients (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age; 46 ± 15 years) undergoing surgery. Blood samples and urine were collected for 5 hours. Mass balance calculations and volume kinetics were used to estimate plasma volume expansion and capillary leakage of albumin and fluid.

RESULTS:
Administration of 20% albumin was associated with an increase in plasma volume amounting to 1.7 times the infused volume. After correction for hemorrhage, the median (and 25th to 75th percentiles) intravascular half-life for the administered albumin mass was 20.4 (14.2–34.7) hours. The plasma volume decreased with a half-life of 21.7 (16.1–26.8) hours. Urinary excretion was 3 times greater than the infused volume of albumin, but kinetic analysis suggested that other flows of fluid to and from the plasma occurred more slowly than previously found in volunteers. Hemodynamic support with norepinephrine increased urinary excretion and contracted the plasma volume.

CONCLUSIONS:
Albumin (20%) increased the plasma volume by 1.7 times the infused volume. Our results do not support that the transcapillary leakage of albumin is accelerated by anesthesia and surgery.
Clutch may predict growth of hatchling Burmese pythons better than food availability or sex
Authors: Josimovich Jillian M. , Falk Bryan G. , Grajal-Puche Alejandro , Hanslowe Emma B. , Bartoszek Ian A. , Reed Robert N. , Currylow Andrea F. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIdentifying which environmental and genetic factors affect growth pattern phenotypes can help biologists predict how organisms distribute finite energy resources in response to varying environmental conditions and physiological states. This information may be useful for monitoring and managing populations of cryptic, endangered, and invasive species. Consequently, we assessed the effects of food availability, clutch, and sex on the growth of invasive Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus Kuhl) from the Greater Everglades Ecosystem in Florida, USA. Though little is known from the wild, Burmese pythons have been physiological model organisms for decades, with most experimental research sourcing individuals from the pet trade. Here, we used 60 hatchlings collected as eggs from the nests of two wild pythons, assigned them to High or Low feeding treatments, and monitored growth and meal consumption for 12 weeks, a period when pythons are thought to grow very rapidly. None of the 30 hatchlings that were offered food prior to their fourth week post-hatching consumed it, presumably because they were relying on internal yolk stores. Although only two clutches were used in the experiment, we found that nearly all phenotypic variation was explained by clutch rather than feeding treatment or sex. Hatchlings from clutch 1 (C1) grew faster and were longer, heavier, in better body condition, ate more frequently, and were bolder than hatchlings from clutch 2 (C2), regardless of food availability. On average, C1 and C2 hatchling snout-vent length (SVL) and weight grew 0.15 cm d−1 and 0.10 cm d−1, and 0.20 g d−1 and 0.03 g d−1, respectively. Additional research may be warranted to determine whether these effects remain with larger clutch sample sizes and to identify the underlying mechanisms and fitness implications of this variation to help inform risk assessments and management.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Clinical efficacy of linagliptin combined with irbesartan in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Jing , Hou Ming-hui , Du Wei-xuan 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of linagliptin combined with irbesartan in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Methods: Seventy-two patients who were admitted to our department of endocrinology in our hospital during January 2018 and June 2019 were randomly divided into a control group (administered with irbesartan only, n=36) and a treatment group (treated with irbesartan and linagliptin, n=36). The course of treatment lasted for three months. FBG (fasting blood glucose), 2hPBG (2h postprandial blood sugar), HbA1C (hemoglobin A1c), Cys-C (cystatin C), SCr (serum creatinine), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), UACR (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio), CRP (C-reactive protein), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) were tested pre- and post-treatment to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of the two treatment plans after three months of treatment.
Results: Compared with the pre-treatment levels, FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, Cys-C, SCr, BUN, UACR, CRP, IL-6, and SOD in both groups were significantly improved following the three-month treatment (P<0.05, respectively). Post-treatment levels of FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, Cys-C, SCr, BUN, UACR, CRP, and IL-6 in the treatment group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05, respectively), while the treatment group exhibited a higher level of SOD compared with the control group (P<0.05). No serious adverse reaction occurred in either group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Combined-modality treatment with linagliptin and irbesartan shows favorable clinical efficacy in treating diabetic nephropathy as it effectively protects the kidneys and improves kidney function by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4417
How to cite this:Liu J, Zhang J, Hou M, Du W. Clinical efficacy of linagliptin combined with irbesartan in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):52-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4417
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Diagnostic accuracy of computer aided reading of chest x-ray in screening for pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with Gene-Xpert
Authors: Nishtar Tahira , Burki Shamsullah , Ahmad Fatima Sultan , Ahmad Tabish 
Published: November 2021

Background & Objectives: Pakistan ranked fifth amongst 22 high-burden Tuberculosis countries, and it is an epidemic in Pakistan, hence screening is performed nationally, as part of the ambitious ZERO TB drive. Our objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Computer Aided Detection (CAD4TB) software on chest Xray in screening for pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with gene-Xpert.
Methods: The study was conducted by Radiology Department Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar in affiliation with Indus Hospital network over a period of one year. Screening was done by using mobile Xray unit equipped with CAD4TB software with scoring system. All of those having score of more than 70 and few selected cases with strong clinical suspicion but score of less than 70 were referred to dedicated TB clinic for Gene-Xpert analysis.
Results: Among 26,997 individuals screened, 2617 (9.7%) individuals were found presumptive for pulmonary TB. Sputum samples for Gene-Xpert were obtained in 2100 (80.24%) individuals, out of which 1825 (86.9%) were presumptive for pulmonary TB on CAD4TB only. Gene-Xpert was positive in 159 (8.7%) patients and negative in 1,666(91.3%). Sensitivity and specificity of CAD4TB and symptomatology with threshold score of ≥70 was 83.2% and 12.7% respectively keeping Gene-Xpert as gold standard.
Conclusion: Combination of chest X-ray analysis by CAD4TB and symptomatology is of immense value to screen a large population at risk in a developing high burden country. It is significantly a more effective tool for screening and early diagnosis of TB in individuals, who would otherwise go undiagnosed.
Abbreviations: TB = Tuberculosis, WHO = World Health Organization, CAD4TB = Computer aided detection for tuberculosis, CXR = Chest X-Ray, CAR = Computer aided reading.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4531
How to cite this:Nishtar T, Burki S, Ahmad FS, Ahmad T. Diagnostic accuracy of computer aided reading of chest x-ray in screening for pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with Gene-Xpert. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):62-68. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4531
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Synchronous online learning during movement control order in higher education institutions: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Yee Wan , Dorasamy Magiswary , Bin Ahmad Abdul Aziz , Jambulingam Manimekalai , Yeap Peik Foong , Harun Sharbani 
Published: November 2021

Background: Higher education institutions (HEI) are not spared from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The closure of campuses because of the movement control order (MCO) to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 has forced HEIs to adopt online learning, especially synchronous online learning (SOL). Although teaching and learning can be continued via SOL, retaining students’ interest and sustaining their engagement have not been sufficiently explored. This study presents a systematic review of the research pertaining to SOL associated with students’ interest and engagement in HEIs during the MCO environment. Methods: Five major online databases, i.e., EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Emerald, Scopus and Springer were searched to collect relevant papers published between 1st January 2010 to 15th June 2021 including conference proceedings, peer-reviewed papers and dissertations. Papers written in the English language, based in full-fledged universities, and with these five keywords: (i) synchronous online learning, (ii) engagement, (iii) interest, (iv) MCO/Covid-19 and (v) HEI, were included. Papers focussing on synchronous and asynchronous online learning in schools and colleges were excluded. Each paper was reviewed by two reviewers in order to confirm the eligibility based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: We found 31 papers of which six papers were related to SOL, engagement and interest in HEIs in the MCO environment. Our review presents three major findings: (i) limited research has been conducted on SOL associated with students’ engagement and interest, (ii) studies related to the context of HEIs in the MCO environment are limited, and (iii) the understanding of the new phenomena through qualitative research is insufficient. We highlight the SOL alignment with students’ engagement, interest, style preference, learner interaction effectiveness, behavior and academic performance. Conclusions: We believe that the findings of this study are timely and require attention from the research community.
Higher rates of surgical and medical complications and mortality following TKA in patients aged ≥ 80 years: a systematic review of comparative studies
Authors: Courage Olivier , Strom Louise , van Rooij Floris , Lalevée Matthieu , Heuzé Donatien , Papin Pierre Emanuel , Butnaru Michael , Müller Jacobus Hendrik 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize studies published since the last systematic review in 2015 that compare outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in older patients (≥ 80 years) and in younger patients (< 80 years), in terms of complication rates and mortality. An electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase®, and Cochrane Register. Studies were included if they compared outcomes of primary TKA for osteoarthritis in patients aged 80 years and over to patients aged under 80 years, in terms of complication rates, mortality, or patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Thirteen studies were eligible. Surgical complications in older patients ranged from 0.6–21.1%, while in younger patients they ranged from 0.3–14.6%. Wound complications in older patients ranged from 0.5–20%, while in younger patients they ranged from 0.8–22.0%. Medical complications (cardiac, respiratory, thromboembolic) in older patients ranged from 0.4–17.3%, while in younger patients they ranged from 0.2–11.5%. Mortality within 90 days in older patients ranged between 0–2%, while in younger patients it ranged between 0.0–0.03%. Compared to younger patients, older patients have higher rates of surgical and medical complications, as well as higher mortality following TKA. The literature also reports greater length of stay for older patients, but inconsistent findings regarding PROs. The present findings provide surgeons and older patients with clearer updated evidence, to make informed decisions regarding TKA, considering the risks and benefits within this age group. Patients aged over 80 years should therefore not be excluded from consideration for primary TKA based on age alone. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1052-1062. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200150
Characterization of suspended particulate matter in contrasting coastal marine environments with angle-resolved polarized light scattering measurements
Authors: Koestner Daniel , Stramski Dariusz , Reynolds Rick A. 
Published: November 2021

Optical proxies based on light scattering measurements have potential to improve the study and monitoring of aquatic environments. In this study, we evaluated several optical proxies for characterization of particle mass concentration, composition, and size distribution of suspended particulate matter from two contrasting coastal marine environments. We expanded upon our previous study of Southern California coastal waters, which generally contained high proportions of organic particles, by conducting angle-resolved polarized light scattering measurements in predominantly turbid and inorganic-particle dominated Arctic coastal waters near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. We observed that the particulate backscattering coefficient

b

bp

was the most effective proxy for the mass concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) when compared with particulate scattering and attenuation coefficients

b
p

and

c
p

. Improvements were seen with

b

bp

as a proxy for the concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC), although only if particulate assemblages were previously classified in terms of particle composition. We found that the ratio of polarized-light scattering measurements at 110º and 18º was superior in performance as a proxy for the composition parameter POC/SPM in comparison to the particulate backscattering ratio

b

bp

/

b
p

. The maximum value of the degree of linear polarization

D
o
L
P

p
,

m
a
x

observed within the range of scattering angles 89°–106° was found to provide a reasonably good proxy for a particle size parameter (i.e., 90th percentile of particle volume distribution) which characterizes the proportions of small- and large-sized particles. These findings can inform the development of polarized light scattering sensors to enhance the capabilities of autonomous platforms.
A Case of Hepatitis E Persistence in a Patient With Myelofibrosis Under Ruxolitinib
Authors: Ribeiro da Cunha Maria , Marques Tiago 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a mostly enterically transmitted agent of viral, usually acute hepatitis. In recent years, however, it has been proven to establish chronicity in immunosuppressed patients. We report the first case of HEV infection in a patient with myelofibrosis under ruxolitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Although this patient was able to mount a humoral response with specific immunoglobulin G, viral replication could not be controlled until ruxolitinib suspension. After normalization of liver enzymes and clearance of HEV, ruxolitinib was reintroduced with no disease relapse, suggesting spontaneous eradication of the virus.
Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Gastric Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Screening and Validation of Functional lncRNA SNPs
Authors: Duan Fujiao , Song Chunhua , Wang Peng , Ye Hua , Dai Liping , Zhang Jianying , Wang Kaijuan 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are used to stratify the risk of gastric cancer. However, no study included gastric cancer–related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNPs into the risk model for evaluation. This study aimed to replicate the associations of 21 lncRNA SNPs and to construct an individual risk prediction model for gastric cancer.

METHODS:
The bioinformatics method was used to screen gastric cancer–related lncRNA functional SNPs and verified in population. Gastric cancer risk prediction models were constructed using verified SNPs based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs).

RESULTS:
Twenty-one SNPs were screened, and the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that 14 lncRNA SNPs were significantly associated with gastric cancer. In the distribution of genetic risk score in cases and controls, the mean value of PRS in cases was higher than that in controls. Approximately 20.1% of the cases was caused by genetic variation (P = 1.9 × 10−34) in optimal PRS model. The individual risk of gastric cancer in the lowest 10% of PRS was 82.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.102, 0.314) lower than that of the general population. The risk of gastric cancer in the highest 10% of PRS was 5.75-fold that of the general population (95% CI: 3.09, 10.70). The introduction of family history of tumor (area under the curve, 95% CI: 0.752, 0.69–0.814) and Helicobacter pylori infection (area under the curve, 95% CI: 0.773, 0.702–0.843) on the basis of PRS could significantly improve the recognition ability of the model.

DISCUSSION:
PRSs based on lncRNA SNPs could identify individuals with high risk of gastric cancer and combined with risk factors could improve the stratification.
A Turkish adaptation of a framework for evaluating the mathematical quality of instruction
Authors: Hangül Tuğba , Özmantar Mehmet Fatih , Agaç Gülay , Yavuz İlyas 
Published: November 2021

A structured assessment tool on the quality of mathematics instruction is considered to be important. It is believed that such a tool could play an important role in providing feedbacks to the preservice teachers during their trainings as well as in evaluating the quality of in-service teachers’ practices. From this point of view, firstly, it has been performed a comprehensive examination of the relevant frameworks developed to evaluate the quality of mathematics instruction. As a result, it was observed that the Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI) framework differed from the others with respect to both functional and structural features. Within the scope of this study, the adaptation of the MQI framework to Turkish language has been realized. In this study, the characteristics, usage, components and theoretical background of the MQI framework are shared with the reader. In addition, the adapted version of MQI framework was shared and the performance indicators to help potential users were elaborated.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

Özet
Matematik öğretiminin niteliğine ilişkin yapılandırılmış bir değerlendirme aracı oldukça önemlidir. Bu türden bir araç gerek öğretmen yetiştirme sürecinde öğretmen adaylarına geri dönüt vermek gerekse halen hizmet veren matematik öğretmenlerinin uygulamalarının niteliğini değerlendirerek uygulamaların geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilecektir. Bu düşüncelerle öncelikle matematik öğretiminin niteliğine ilişkin değerlendirme yapmak için kullanılabilecek çerçevelere ilişkin kapsamlı bir tarama yapılmıştır. Bu tarama neticesinde kullanışlılığı ve yapısal özellikleri nedeniyle Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI) çerçevesinin diğerlerinden ayrıldığı görülmüştür. Bu makale çalışması kapsamında matematik öğretiminin niteliğine ilişkin işlevsel bir değerlendirme yapmak amacıyla geliştirilen MQI çerçevesinin ülkemizde kullanılabilmesi amacıyla Türkçe’ye adaptasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu çerçevenin özellikleri, kullanım şekli, bileşenleri ve kuramsal arka planı okuyucuyla paylaşılmıştır. Ayrıca adaptasyonu yapılan çerçeve paylaşılmış ve potansiyel kullanıcılara yardımcı olacak performans göstergeleri detaylandırılmıştır.
On a discrete fractional stochastic Grönwall inequality and its application in the numerical analysis of stochastic FDEs involving a martingale
Authors: Hendy Ahmed S. , Zaky Mahmoud A. , Doha Eid H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to derive a novel discrete form of stochastic fractional Grönwall lemma involving a martingale. The proof of the derived inequality is accomplished by a corresponding no randomness form of the discrete fractional Grönwall inequality and an upper bound for discrete-time martingales representing the supremum in terms of the infimum. The release of a martingale term on the right-hand side of the given inequality and the graded L1 difference formula for the time Caputo fractional derivative of order 0 < α < 1 on the left-hand side are the main challenges of the stated and proved main theorem. As an example of application, the constructed theorem is used to derive an a priori estimate for a discrete stochastic fractional model at the end of the paper.
Microstructure and improvement in corrosion resistance of HAP and PVA/HAP
Authors: Shikha Deep , Kumari Monica , Mohanty Anuradha , Singh Ashwini Kumar , Sinha Sanjay Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed with hydroxyapatite (HAP) has great potential for application as biomaterial. PVA/HAP powder was synthesized by sol–gel technique and was compressed to make pellets. These samples were examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical analysis (ECA) techniques. Compound formation of HAP and PVA were studied using XRD and microstructure was investigated by FESEM and AFM. Characteristics properties of the HAP and PVA/HAP composite are compared. Corrosion resistance of PVA/HAP in Ringer solution is better than HAP. Interesting microstructure features are correlated with the corrosion resistance. As the corrosion resistance is related with biocompatibility, the present work can be useful for the hard tissue implant.