bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population‐based approaches for monitoring the nurturing care environment for early childhood development: A scoping review
Authors: Pedroso Jéssica , dos Anjos Coelho Kubo Stefanie Eugênia , Silva Priscila Olin , Ferreira de Castro Gabriel , Pimentel Juliana Lopes , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Gubert Muriel Bauermann , Buccini Gabriela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSelecting indicators to monitor nurturing care (NC) environments that support decision‐making and guide the implementation of integrated early childhood development (ECD) programmes has become a priority globally. Several population‐based approaches have been attempted to create a set of indicators or a composite index methodology to measure the NC environment using existing secondary data. However, they have not been systematized. Our scoping review aimed to analyse the population‐based approaches for monitoring the domains of the NC (e.g. good health, adequate nutrition, responsive caregiving, security and safety, and opportunities for early learning). ECD experts, peer‐reviewed, and grey literature were systematically searched with no year or language restrictions. Data extraction used a standard predefined protocol. Thirty‐two population‐based approaches were identified. Most approaches were composed of a set of indicators (53.1%, n = 17) versus composite indexes (46.9%, n = 15) and had the country as their unit of analysis (68.8%, n = 22). Twenty‐seven approaches were applied in middle‐income countries (84.4%) and thirteen in low‐income countries (40.6%). Four approaches were guided by the NC framework (12.5%), and 56.3% (n = 18) did not include any indicator representing responsive caregiving. NC indicators (n = 867) were sorted into 100 groups of indicators. Twenty of the 32 approaches had some kind of methodological validation (62.5%). We identified six methodological challenges to build a population‐based approach. Standardized methods for selecting and validating indicators, and coordinated efforts to share findings/data with stakeholders should be prioritized. Given the great variability in methods and indicators used to measure NC environments, valid approaches should be flexible to work well across different contexts.
Effect of LSD1 on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells in periodontitis
Authors: Shao Qing , Liu ShiWei , Zou Chen , Ai Yilong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivePeriodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissues. This study is expected to assess the effect of LSD1 on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in periodontitis.MethodshPDLSCs were separated, cultivated, and identified, and then treated by LPS to induce inflammatory microenvironment and subjected to osteogenic differentiation. Subsequently, LSD1 expression was determined, and then silenced to assess its effect on hPDLSCs. Next, the binding relation between LSD1 and miR‐590‐3p was analyzed. miR‐590‐3p expression was detected and then overexpressed to evaluate its role in hPDLSCs in periodontitis. Afterward, the relation between LSD1 and OSX was analyzed. H3K4me2 level and OSX transcription were measured, and the role of H3K4me2 was determined. Additionally, the role of OSX in hPDLSCs was verified.ResultsLSD1 was poorly expressed after osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs while it was rescued upon LPS induction. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSC in periodontitis was strengthened upon LSD1 downregulation. Besides, miR‐590‐3p targeted LSD1 transcription, and LSD1 inhibited OSX transcription via H3K4me2 demethylation. miR‐590‐3p overexpression improved osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in periodontitis. But this improvement was annulled by OSX inhibition.ConclusionmiR‐590‐3p targeted LSD1 transcription and upregulated H3K4me2 methylation to promote OSX transcription, thereby encouraging osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in periodontitis.
Habitat selection in a southern Lake Sturgeon population: implications of temporal, spatial, and ontogenetic variation for restoration
Authors: Moore Michael J. , Paukert Craig P. , Owens Seth P. , Moore Travis L. 
Published: November 2021

Successful species reintroduction requires restoration of receiving habitats to support growth, survival, and reproduction that reverse the initial causes of decline. Little is known about whether present habitat conditions can support all life stages of reintroduced southern Lake Sturgeon populations that were possibly extirpated by the mid‐1900s due to overharvest and habitat degradation. Therefore, we conducted a telemetry study to assess annual adult and subadult and overwinter age‐0 Lake Sturgeon habitat selection and suitability in two Missouri River U.S. tributaries near the southern edge of the species range. Spring habitat selection models were unable to define spawning habitat criteria, but criteria from other studies suggest that substrate and depths for spawning are suitable in both rivers. In the summer and winter, adult and subadult Lake Sturgeon exhibited strong selection for pools greater than 8 m deep, which comprised less than 5% of our study streams. Habitat selection in the fall and winter by age‐0 Lake Sturgeon differed from adults with age‐0s selecting shallower habitats both rivers and swifter current velocities in the Gasconade River. General habitat patterns persisted for both life stages in each river regardless of habitat availability, suggesting specialized habitat requirements in southern Lake Sturgeon that differ from previously studied populations further north. These results may be used to direct sampling for validation of reproduction and restoration of not only spawning habitats, but age‐0 and summer and winter refugia that may be potential restoration bottlenecks for southern Lake Sturgeon populations.
An account of the exporter wage gap: Wage structure and composition effects across the wage distribution
Authors: Groizard José L. , Oliver Xisco , Sard María 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobalisation is a prominent driver of wage inequality in advanced economies, and wage differentials paid by the exporter vis‐à‐vis domestically oriented firms play an unmistakable role. In this paper, we measure and decompose the exporter wage gap into several explanatory components by estimating counterfactual distributions for the Spanish economy between 2006 and 2014. To measure the exporter wage gap, an extended Mincer‐type wage equation is estimated along different points of the wage distribution using Unconditional Quantile Regression. Then, we apply the technique of Fortin, Lemieux and Firpo to decompose the exporter wage gap. We find that workers earn higher wages if they work in an exporting firm and that these differences are not constant across the wage distribution: they are greater for middle and middle‐high wages and narrower at the extremes of the distribution. Moreover, the exporter wage gap increased during and after the Great Recession. Characteristics, especially those related to firm and job heterogeneity, play an important role in explaining the gap, mainly in the upper part of the wage distribution. Though in the lower part, wage structure also plays an important role. With some variation across periods, there is a consistent pattern in which occupation, sector and firm size lead to an exporter wage premium resulting in a more unequal wage distribution. These factors are partially compensated by other factors, such as the collective bargaining system.
Factors Associated With the Resilience of Nurses During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Alameddine Mohamad , Clinton Michael , Bou‐Karroum Karen , Richa Nathalie , Doumit Myrna A. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe delivery of health care during the COVID‐19 outbreak imposed significant challenges on the global nursing workforce and placed them at a higher risk of occupational burnout and turnover. In Lebanon, the pandemic hit when nurses were already struggling with an economic collapse caused by government failures. Resilience may play a protective factor against adversity and enable effective adaption to the burden of the pandemic.AimsTo determine the level of resilience in the nursing workforce and its relationship to burnout, intention to quit, and perceived COVID‐19 risk.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was employed among all registered nurses affiliated with the Order of Nurses in Lebanon and working in patient care positions in hospitals. The online survey questionnaire incorporated the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Quartile scores were used to differentiate levels of resilience and burnout. Multiple logistic regression identified variables significantly associated with resilience.ResultsFive‐hundred and eleven nurses responded to the questionnaire. Nurses had a moderate level of resilience (M = 72 ± 13.5). In multivariate analyses, being male (OR = 3.67; 95% CI [1.46, 9.22]; p = .006) and having a master’s degree (OR = 4.082; 95% CI [1.49, 11.20]; p = .006) were independently associated with higher resilience. Resilience levels decreased with higher personal burnout (OR = 0.12; 95% CI [0.03, 0.435]; p = .001), work‐related burnout (OR = 0.14; 95% CI [0.04, 0.46]; p = .001), and client‐related burnout rates (OR = 0.09; 95% CI [0.03, 0.34]; p < .001). Nurses reporting the intention to quit their job had lower resilience scores (OR = 0.20; 95% CI [0.04, 0.88]; p = .033).Linking Evidence to ActionNursing stakeholders must introduce programs to regularly assess and enhance the resilience of nurses especially at time of crisis. Such programs would protect nurses from the perils of burnout and enhance their retention during times when they are most needed. Protecting nurses from burnout is an ethical imperative as well as an operational requirement.
The Sulawesi Thrush (Cataponera turdoides; Aves: Passeriformes) belongs to the genus Turdus
Authors: Reeve Andrew Hart , Blom Mozes P. K. , Zahl Marki Petter , Batista Romina , Olsson Urban , Edmark Veronica Nyström , Irestedt Martin , Jønsson Knud Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Asian and Australo‐Papuan faunas meet and intermix across the islands of Wallacea. Untangling the origins and relationships of the species inhabiting these archipelagos is an ongoing project that has lasted for well over a century. In recent years, molecular phylogenetic studies have made considerable progress in clarifying the affinities of enigmatic Wallacean taxa, but taxonomic riddles remain, even in groups as well studied as birds. Such is the case with Sulawesi Thrush Cataponera turdoides, a scarce and elusive montane songbird whose taxonomic placement has remained controversial since its description. To determine the evolutionary relationships of this monotypic genus, we obtained a museum specimen and employed whole‐genome resequencing to generate a multi‐locus dataset. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using UCEs, and individual mitochondrial and nuclear genes. We show that Cataponera is a true thrush of the large and geographically widespread genus Turdus. It belongs to a clade predominantly composed of migratory Palearctic species, but has no close relatives within that group. Sulawesi Thrush is one of only two members of the genus Turdus known to have crossed Wallace's Line to form resident populations.
Graphics Processing Unit-Based Element-by-Element Strategies for Accelerating Topology Optimization of Three-Dimensional Continuum Structures Using Unstructured All-Hexahedral Mesh
Authors: Ratnakar Shashi Kant , Sanfui Subhajit , Sharma Deepak 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Topology optimization has been successful in generating optimal topologies of various structures arising in real-world applications. Since these applications can have complex and large domains, topology optimization suffers from a high computational cost because of the use of unstructured meshes for discretization of these domains and their finite element analysis (FEA). This article addresses this challenge by developing three graphics processing unit (GPU)-based element-by-element strategies targeting unstructured all-hexahedral mesh for the matrix-free precondition conjugate gradient (PCG) finite element solver. These strategies mainly perform sparse matrix multiplication (SpMV) arising with the FEA solver by allocating more compute threads of GPU per element. Moreover, the strategies are developed to use shared memory of GPU for efficient memory transactions. The proposed strategies are tested with solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method on four examples of 3D structural topology optimization. Results demonstrate that the proposed strategies achieve speedup up to 8.2 × over the standard GPU-based SpMV strategies from the literature.
A Disk-Type Magneto-Rheologic Fluid Damper for Rotor System Vibration Control
Authors: Zhu Changsheng , Robb David A. , Ewins David J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using the particular characteristic of a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid, i.e., a rapid, reversible and dramatic change in its rheological properties produced by an external magnetic field, a simple disk-type MR fluid damper based on shear operation mode is presented in this paper. The magnetic field of the disk-type MR fluid damper is analyzed by the finite element method in order to show if the design is reasonable. The effect of excitation current in the coil on the magnetic flux density in the axial gaps filled with the MR fluid is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Finally, the effectiveness of the disk-type MR fluid damper for attenuating the vibration of rotor systems and of a simple open-loop on-off control based on the feedback of rotational speed on controlling vibration of rotor systems are experimentally studied in a two-disk flexible rotor system. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of the MR fluid damper can be easily controlled by a magnetic field produced by a simple electrical magnetic coil with a low voltage (less than 50 V) and that the MR fluid damper is very effective for attenuating and controlling the vibration of a rotor system. It is possible to give the optimum supporting damping for every vibration mode in the rotor system by controlling the MR damper, provided that the MR fluid damper is not located at the main nodes of rotor system modes.
Precision Shaping of Deployable Thin Film Mirrors
Authors: Martin Jeffrey W. , Redmond James M. , Henson Tammy D. , Main John A. , Nelson George C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Large aperture thin-film mirrors have peaked the interest of the optics community over the past few years. The promise of seeing further with more clarity than the Hubble Space Telescope makes large apertures the golden carrot of optics. This research into precision shape control of thin-film mirrors has emphasized the development of electron gun systems for application of control charges to piezoelectric structures to control their shape. Maximum and minimum possible shape corrections of a thin film structure, which is intended to be analogous to an optical mirror, are investigated, as are the characteristics of noncontact electron gun shape control in a closed loop control system.
Development of Commercially Viable Compliant Mechanisms Using the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model: Case Studies of Parallel Mechanisms
Authors: Mattson Christopher A. , Howell Larry L. , Magleby Spencer P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Analysis and synthesis of compliant mechanisms has recently been the subject of significant study in the research community. This focus has led to a number of design approaches for developing compliant mechanisms. This paper describes the value of using the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (PRBM) to design compliant mechanisms for commercial products. Application of the PRBM is illustrated through the development of two parallel mechanisms: a bicycle derailleur and parallel-motion bicycle brakes. The PRBM allows compliant mechanisms to be modeled and analyzed as rigid-body mechanisms and significantly reduces the complexity of analysis. Mechanisms with straightforward properties are used to demonstrate the use of the PRBM to design commercially viable compliant mechanisms for required motion and force-deflection characteristics.
Design and Manufacturing of Complex Adaptive Structures With Piezoceramic Patch Actuators
Authors: Wierach P. , Sachau D. , Schönecker A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of thin monolithic piezoceramic patches as actuators and sensors for adaptive structures is well known and has been described in literature. Nevertheless the manufacturing of adaptive structures is still very challenging. During the manufacturing process it is often necessary to apply high mechanical loads on the extreme brittle piezoceramic material. As a result very often cracks in the piezoceramic material make the structure uselessness. This problem becomes serious when large scale structures with many actuators and sensors are considered. To come to more reliable results the use of encapsulated piezoceramic actuators and sensors came into focus. Within the German industrial project “Adaptronik” a new modular concept has been developed to pre-encapsulate different kinds of piezoceramic materials before further processing. During this manufacturing step the piezoceramic material is provided with a mechanical stabilization, an electrical insulation, electrodes and reliable electric contacts. The multifunctional elements are characterized by an increased damage tolerance, good long term properties and an easy handling. Due to the modular concept, the multifunctional elements can be designed to meet a great variety of different requirements. This involves for example driving voltages, size and shape of the elements and the piezoceramic material itself. The manufacturing of curved elements was demonstrated. A technology to bond these elements on spatial curved surfaces and to integrate them into fiber composite structures was developed. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the active and passive properties of the multifunctional elements and their interaction with structural components.
On the Finite Element Modeling of Smart Structures
Authors: Amir-Yazdani Ali , Sekouri El Mostafa , Hu Yan-Ru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present work examines the effectiveness of the experimental, analytical and finite element methods in modeling smart structures. Three modeling approaches are applied to some flexible structures with bonded piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The theoretical approach is limited to simple geometrical structures, the experimental approach is not cost effective for complex geometrical structures, but FEM is very attractive. Overall, the comparisons between the three approaches are fairly good. The good accuracy of FE results are also validated through the two examples selected from the literature (Crawley, 1987; Yousefi-Koma, 1997).
Development of a Templated Grain Growth System for Texturing Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Seabaugh Matthew M. , Cheney Gwendolyn L. , Hasinska Katarzyna , Azad Abdul-Maheed , Swartz Scott L. , Dawson William J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
High strain actuation can be obtained by engineering the crystallographic texture of piezoelectric ceramics. Single crystal piezoelectrics have significantly improved strain performance because crystal orientation can be controlled during use — their highly perfect lattice greatly simplifies the crystal orientation. Single crystals have properties significantly better than those of randomly oriented ceramics, but they are expensive and difficult to produce. Highly textured ceramics offer an alternative means of producing easily aligned crystals, as the majority of the crystallites in the ceramic share a common crystallographic orientation. Textured piezoelectric ceramics are expected to provide improved properties compared to untextured ceramics, with lower processing costs than single crystals. NexTech Materials is developing textured piezoelectrics in PMN-PT system via Templated Grain Growth (TGG). In the TGG process, anisotropic template particles are oriented in a fine particle matrix in the green state. During heat treatment, the crystals consume the surrounding matrix, resulting in a textured polycrystal.
A TGG system requires both matrix and template particles. The matrix must provide significant driving force for densification and grain growth. Templates must be large, anisotropic, and crystallographically isostructural with the matrix material. Anisotropic template shape is difficult to achieve in perovskite-based piezoelectrics, which have highly symmetric (cubic) crystal structures at their processing temperature. In addition, the matrix environment often contains highly corrosive lead based liquid phases that make chemical stability difficult to achieve.
Characterization of textured samples involves texture evaluation and phase analysis via XRD, and SEM analysis of template growth and chemical stability as well as piezoelectric performance measurement The development and characterization of the TGG components and their integration will be discussed.
Nonlinear Characteristics of Piezoelectric Polymers
Authors: Vinogradov Aleksandra M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a summary review of the scientific progress in the area of material characterization and constitutive modeling of synthetic piezoelectric polymers. Attention is focused on the nonlinear characteristics of a thin film piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which is the principal commercially available synthetic polymer with strong piezoelectric properties. It is shown that, within certain limits, the creep response of PVDF can be treated using the assumptions of linear viscoelasticity. However, under the conditions of superimposed static and oscillatory loads the polymer tends to exhibit accelerated creep rates even in the range of stresses well below the viscoelastic linearity limit. It follows that the long-term cyclic response of PVDF is essentially nonlinear, since it does not represent a simple superposition of the responses to static and fully reversed cyclic loads applied separately. This phenomenon, defined as vibrocreep, requires more adequate constitutive representation than that provided by linear viscoelasticity.
Modeling and Characterization of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Induced Strain Actuators
Authors: Pomirleanu Radu , Giurgiutiu Victor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of theoretical modeling and experimental characterization of PiezoSystems Jena P-177-00 large stroke piezoelectric actuator and of Etrema AA-140J025-ES1 large stroke/large power magnetostrictive actuator. An improved smart-material actuators measurement method suited for static and low frequency actuation was devised. Analytical and finite element modeling (ANSYS) of the experimental setup to determine stiffness component characteristics was performed. The output displacements of the active material actuators were recorded in quasi-static and dynamic regimes, under varied pre-stress level, voltage and frequency values. The measurements indicated a strong dependence of the actuator stiffness and piezoelectric properties on the electromechanical loading conditions. The study also identified and calculated the parameters of the induced strain actuators electro-mechanical model. These parameters are necessary for performing design optimization to achieve maximum energy transfer and minimum power requirements. Experimentally verified data characterizing piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators in the full stroke/full power regime is provided.