bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility for Lefamulin (Pleuromutilin) for Ureaplasma Spp. and Mycoplasma hominis
Authors: Spiller-Boulter Oliver , Paukner Susanne , Boostrom Ian , Sands Kirsty , Portal Edward A. R. , Spiller Owen B. 
Published: November 2021

Lefamulin is the first of the pleuromutilin class of antimicrobials to be available for therapeutic use in humans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of lefamulin were determined by microbroth dilution for 90 characterised clinical isolates (25 Ureaplasma parvum, 25 Ureaplasma urealyticum, and 40 Mycoplasma hominis). All Mycoplasma hominis isolates possessed lefamulin MICs of ≤0.25 mg/L after 48 h (MIC50/90 of 0.06/0.12 mg/L), despite an inherent resistance to macrolides; while Ureaplasma isolates had MICs of ≤2 mg/L after 24 h (MIC50/90 of 0.25/1 mg/L), despite inherent resistance to clindamycin. Two U. urealyticum isolates with additional A2058G mutations of 23S rRNA, and one U. parvum isolate with a R66Q67 deletion (all of which had a combined resistance to macrolides and clindamycin) only showed a 2-fold increase in lefamulin MIC (1–2 mg/L) relative to macrolide-susceptible strains. Lefamulin could be an effective alternative antimicrobial for treating Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis infections irrespective of intrinsic or acquired resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and ketolides. Based on this potent in vitro activity and the known good, rapid, and homogenous tissue penetration of female and male urogenital tissues and glands, further exploration of clinical efficacy of lefamulin for the treatment of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma urogenital infections is warranted.
Morphological Variety in Distoseptispora and Introduction of Six Novel Species
Authors: Yang Jing , Liu Ling-Ling , Jones E. B. Gareth , Li Wen-Li , Hyde Kevin D. , Liu Zuo-Yi 
Published: November 2021

Distoseptispora is one of the sporidesmium-like taxa with great variation in asexual morphology and delineation of species. Phylogenetic analyses of four gene regions LSU, ITS, TEF1α, and RPB2 revealed the placement of several sporidesmium-like species in Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae, Distoseptisporales, Sordariomycetes), collected on submerged decaying twigs from streams in China and Thailand. Based on morphological examination and molecular DNA data, six new species, Distoseptispora amniculi, D. atroviridis, D. effusa, D. fusiformis, D. hyalina, and D. verrucosa, are proposed. Among them, D. hyalina is the first sexual morph confirmed in the genus. A new geographical record is reported for D. lignicola in China. Conidial length proved to be of less taxonomic significance for some Distoseptispora species, whereas the type of conidial septa is informative at species level.
Impacts Analysis of Alien Macroinvertebrate Species in the Hydrographic System of a Subalpine Lake on the Italian–Swiss Border
Authors: Paganelli Daniele , Kamburska Lyudmila , Zaupa Silvia , Garzoli Laura , Boggero Angela 
Published: November 2021

The potential invasiveness of alien macroinvertebrate species in the Italian/Swiss hydrographic system of Lake Maggiore (NW Italy) was assessed through the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit, a risk assessment tool developed for quantifying the impacts of alien species on the commercial, environmental, and species traits sectors. Data were collected using the databases provided by two regional environmental agencies in northern Italy (Lombardy and Piedmont regions) and by the governmental monitoring program of Switzerland, which were integrated with a systematic literature search on Google scholar and ISI Web of Science. In the assessment area, 16 macroinvertebrate invasive alien species were reported: nine mollusks, four decapods, and three amphipods. The species assessment indicated seven species with a high level of invasiveness: Procambarus clarkii, Faxonius limosus (formerly, Orconectes limosus) and Pacifastacus leniusculus, Dreissena polymorpha, Corbicula fluminea, Sinanodonta woodiana, and Pseudosuccinea columella. The results allow invasive species managers to understand which species to focus their monitoring on in the near future in order to track IAS movements and limit their spread within the hydrographic system and to provide the identification and refinement of concerted bilateral strategies aimed at limiting the impacts of these species. They also account for the implications of future climate change on the invasion potential of each species.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TRANSAKSI BISNIS INTERNASIONAL PADA ERA PERDAGANGAN BEBAS
Authors: Ratna Wiwin Dwi , Makka Zulvia 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe current international business transaction activity is not difficult, with the advancement of technology, the world provides ample opportunities and opportunities for the international community to make connections between them.. International business transactions are private law studies, where in private law the law provides wider opportunities for each party to make, agree and execute the clauses they make. However, it can not be said that in order to carry out such business activities, the parties must carefully understand and understand the legal norms in the countries of the opposing parties. This will greatly affect the implementation of the agreement. For that reason it is necessary for researchers to clarify the study of legal protection of international business transactions in the era of free trade.The following issues are Legal Principles of International business transactions in the era of free trade and Legal Certainty on International Business transactions. The method used is normative legal research.This research produces the Principles of law of international business transactions can be found in the rules of international treaty law which regulates the provisions of international business transactions. The provisions of the international convention on the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the UNIDROIT Principle of International Contracts of 1994 and Legal certainty in international business contracts can be seen from the legal source of international business contracts. Not surprisingly, when different business actors of citizenship conduct international business transactions, they will consent to law enforcement of one of the business actors. Keywords: Legal Protection, International Business Transactions, Free Trade
LEGAL ADMISSION OF LEGAL SOCIETY CONDUCTING THE NATIONAL PARK OF KAYAN MENTARANG (TNKM)
Authors: Marthin Marthin , Ratna Wiwin Dwi , Arafat Yasser , . Afdhal 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The Kayan Mentarang National Park (KNPM) area located in the Heart of Borneo (HoB) in North Kalimantan lives various Dayak sub-tribes. They inhabit and keep the forest so that the forest remains safe and sustainable. Indigenous and tribal peoples who have customary forest areas in which their status of appointment as KMNP initially may receive, so that the process can continue in the inaugural process. But with the development of information and circumstances the situation was changed and now the indigenous people reject the pegat which will be doneThe legal issues that serve as the purpose of this paper are: the recognition of traditional rights of indigenous and tribal communities and the recognition of local wisdom in the management of Kayan Mentarang National Park. Using the normative juridical and customary law approaches that this method is expected to address the issue of law.The dynamics of the development of society and law can change the legal status of both government and customary law community to a legal fact. Forests as natural resources and the environment are constitutionally the government's obligation to regulate them. Inauguration of customary forest as a national park brings legal consequences to rights and obligations. Implementation of laws and regulations is limited by Human Rights. It is necessary to harmonize the law, so that both the interests of indigenous and tribal peoples, as the inhabitants as well as the natural resources, the environment, and the biodiversity as the interests of mankind are not mutually harmful. Keywords: Customary Law Community, Traditional Rights, National Park
Mode degeneracy and enhanced sensitivity in electrically injected PT-symmetric semiconductor laser with a quasi-high-order exceptional point
Authors: Chen Jingxuan , Wang Yufei , Fu Ting , Wang Xueyou , Dai Yingqiu , Zheng Wanhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Exceptional points (EPs) can be exploited for a new generation of sensors. We propose an electrically injected parity-time (PT)-symmetric three-ridge semiconductor laser. By introducing the non-zero next-nearest-neighboring coupling coefficient to the Hamiltonian obtained by coupled mode theory, the results of eigenspectra match well with those of numerical simulation obtained by finite element method. Based on the introduced coupling coefficient, we develop our design and obtain a quasi-third-order EP. We analyze the eigenmode splitting vs perturbation strength at the EP, which proves that our design is rather sensitive to the external perturbation and possesses the potential to be applied as active high-sensitive sensors.
Costo-efectividad de las estatinas para el tratamiento de dislipidemia en Colombia
Authors: Rosselli Diego , Castaño Natalia , Arciniegas Jair-Alberto , García Ángel A. , Muñoz Óscar-Mauricio , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la relación de costo-efectividad relativa de las estatinas entre sí en pacientes adultos con dislipidemia con predominio de hipercolesterolemia para la prevención de eventos cardiocerebrovasculares, en Colombia, desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud colombiano.
Métodos: Se construyó un modelo de Markov con años de vida ajustados por calidad (AVAC) ganados como desenlace principal, tasa de descuento de 3 % tanto para costos como desenlaces, y cinco años de horizonte temporal. Probabilidades y costos se extrajeron de la literatura y de fuentes oficiales del país, respectivamente. El umbral de costo-efectividad fue tres veces el PIB per cápita de 2012. Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad univariados, probabilísticos, umbral y curva de aceptabilidad.
Resultados: El costo promedio del tratamiento con estatinas para un paciente con dislipidemia en 5 años es de $ 3.472.733.La ganancia en AVAC en rosuvastatina fue mayor con respecto a las otras estatinas, sin embargo, es la estrategia más costosa. La atorvastatina, que resultó segunda, es la más costo-efectiva.
Conclusión: La intervención más costo-efectiva para pacientes con dislipidemia con predominio de hipercolesterolemia e indicación de manejo farmacológico con terapia moderada y alta con estatinas en Colombia es la atorvastatina.
Assessment of Medication Errors Among Anesthesia Clinicians in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Aldossary Deemah Nassir , Almandeel Hussah Khalid , Alzahrani Jumanah Hashim , Alrashidi Hasnaa Obaid 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Anesthetic drugs are prepared and administrated without referral to the pharmacy or other medical departments. We aimed to assess the occurrence of anesthetic drug errors in Saudi Arabia. We also determined the contributing factors, reporting strategies, and clinicians' opinions of the preventive measures.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey study using a validated tool. A total of 300 anesthesia clinicians completed the survey (146 anesthesiologists and 154 anesthesia technology specialists). We measured descriptive statistics to describe the demographic characteristics and performed inferential statistics to examine associations and differences.

Results
Sixty-nine percent of respondents had experienced an anesthetic drug error at least once in their career. The two primary factors that caused drug errors were haste (60.3%) and heavy workload (60.3%). On syringe labeling, 56.3% withdrew the drug then labeled the syringe, and 43.7% labeled the syringe then withdrew the drug. The chi-square test revealed that clinicians who labeled the syringe first then withdrew the drug made errors more frequently (p = 0.036). The test also showed that clinicians with less experience had committed more errors (p = 0.015). On reporting drug errors, 77.7% of respondents identified the fear of medicolegal issues as the most common barrier to reporting errors. Respondents believed that double-checking the medication and color-coded syringe labels were the most effective strategies to reduce errors (82% and 64%, respectively). The Mann-Whiney U test revealed significant differences between the two specialties about their opinions of the preventive measures.

Conclusions
There was a high occurrence rate of anesthetic drug errors in Saudi Arabia. Policymakers need to unify the syringe-labeling practice, and future research needs to focus on what makes a nonpunitive culture to encourage reporting errors.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Model PBL untuk Siswa Kelas V SD di Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Febry Puspita Diningtyas  , Fine Reffiane  , Ryky Mandar Sary  
Published: November 2021

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis model PBL pada subtema komponen ekosistem untuk peserta didik kelas V Sekolah Dasar yang memenuhi kriteria kualitas: valid, praktis dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu tahap analysis (analisis), design (perancangan), development (pengembangan), implementation (implementasi) dan evaluation (evaluasi). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan deskripsi kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing produk memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Produk memenuhi kriteria valid ditunjukkan dari persentase uji validasi ahli materi dan media, perangkat pembelajaran (silabus dan RPP) mencapai persentase 90,51% dan modul bahan ajar mencapai persentase 91,05%. Produk memperoleh kriteria kepraktisan ditunjukkan dari persentase tanggapan guruterhadap perangkat pembelajaran (silabus dan RPP) mencapai 89,52% dan modul bahan ajar mencapai 88% dan persentase tanggapan peserta didik sebesar 86,06%. Produk memenuhi kriteria keefektifan berdasarkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Persentase peserta didik yang mencapai KKM untuk kompetensi pengetahuan melebihi rata-rata 83,78 dengan klasifikasi “tinggi”. Kesimpulannya, perangkat pembelajaran berbasis model PBL layak digunakan.
Evaluation of a Textile PIFA for Wearable IoT Application and its Challenges
Authors: Aliakbarian Hadi , Hajiahmadi Azadeh , Mohamad Saaid Nordiana , Jack Soh Ping 
Published: November 2021

The ever increasing use of body-worn systems in the Internet of Things application such as needs better antenna subsystem designs compatible with its requirements. Several challenges limiting the performance of a body-worn system, from materials, and environmental conditions to the effects of on body application and its hazards are discussed. As a test case, a flexible textile planar inverted-F antenna is presented and discussed. The choice of this topology is due to its simplicity in design and fabrication, relatively broad bandwidth and the presence of a rear ground plane, which minimizes the impacts of the human body on the antenna performance. It is designed on a felt substrate, whereas Aaronia-shield conductive textile is utilized as its conductive parts (radiator, shorting wall and ground plane). The antenna performance are studied in two cases, first in free space and then in bent conditions in the close proximity to the human body. The influence of the relative humidity on the textile antenna performance is also investigated numerically. Simulated and measured results indicated good agreements. Finally, the proposed antenna is integrated with a transceiver module and evaluated on the body in practice. Its wireless link quality is assessed in an indoor laboratory.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PUNCTUATION IN AN ONLINE NEWSPAPER HEADLINE: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Гаврилов Артем Дмитриевич 
Published: November 2021

В статье поднимается проблема функционирования знаков препинания в русских, чувашских и английских медиатекстах на современном этапе. Автор утверждает, что анализ пунктуационного узуса необходимо проводить на материале сетевых газетных заголовков, поскольку в Интернете они являются главными речевыми единицами, формирующими информационную картину мира людей. Сетевые газетные заголовки концентрируют в себе языковые традиции и инновации, отражают тенденции пунктуационной практики цифрового общества, среди которых автор выделяет использование двоеточия в функции пояснения содержания, представленного в первой части бессоюзного сложного предложения, отсутствие вопросительного знака в конце вопросительного предложения, сочетание знаков препинания в предложении для усиления выразительности высказывания. Выявлено, что не все нормы и правила постановки знаков препинания рассматриваемых языков учитывают изменения в пунктуационном оформлении современных текстов. Автор приходит к выводу, что решение заявленной научной проблемы позволит уточнить новые функции и значения отдельных знаков препинания, переосмыслить их семантические и экспрессивные возможности, выявить национальные особенности и сформировать предложения для обновления свода правил пунктуации разноструктурных языков, а также внести существенный вклад в развитие теории медиа- и интернет-лингвистики, медиастилистики и, главным образом, сопоставительного языкознания.
The article raises the problem of the functioning of punctuation marks in Russian, Chuvash and English media texts at the present stage. The author argues that punctuation usage should be analyzed on the material of online newspaper headlines since on the Internet they are the main speech units that form the information picture of the world. Online newspaper headlines concentrate language traditions and innovations, reflect the trends of punctuation practice of the developing digital society. Among them, the author highlights the use of the colon in the function of explaining the content presented in the first part of a non-union complex sentence, the absence of the question mark at the end of the question, the combination of punctuation marks in the sentence to enhance the expressiveness. It is revealed that not all the norms and rules of punctuation marks of the considered languages take into account changes in the punctuation design of modern texts. The author comes to the conclusion that the solution to the stated scientific problem will allow us to clarify the new functions and meanings of individual punctuation marks, to rethink their semantic and expressive possibilities, to identify the national features of their use, to form proposals for updating the punctuation rules of different structural languages and to make a significant contribution to the development of the theory of media and Internet linguistics, media stylistics and, mainly, comparative linguistics.
STUDYING VERBS OF MOVEMENT IN THE COURSE OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Юркина Татьяна Николаевна 
Published: November 2021

В данной статье охарактеризованы основные аспекты изучения глаголов движения в курсе русского языка как иностранного, а также приведены дидактические материалы, которые можно использовать для освоения названной лексико-семантической группы глаголов обучающимися. Актуальность настоящего исследования обусловлена прежде всего трудностью системы русского глагола, обладающего самой богатой парадигмой. Необходимость эффективного освоения русской глагольной системы особенно возрастает при изучении русского языка как иностранного (далее - РКИ). В статье представлен структурный и семантический анализ глаголов движения, а также раскрыты их синтагматические свойства. Для облегчения знакомства с русскими глаголами движения наряду с теоретическими упражнениями в методике преподавания РКИ активно используются упражнения в игровой форме, грамматические рифмовки, имитативные задания и т. п. Они позволяют иностранным обучающимся в ненавязчивой форме закрепить изучаемую теоретическую информацию, активизируют совместную речевую деятельность обучающихся, в рамках актуального в методике преподавания РКИ функционально-коммуникативного подхода дают возможность совершенствовать полученные речевые навыки и грамматические умения.
This article describes the main aspects of studying verbs of movement in the course of Russian as a Foreign Language, and also provides didactic materials that can be used for mastering the named lexical and semantic group of verbs by students. The relevance of this study is primarily due to the difficulty of the Russian verb system, which has the richest paradigm. Russian as a Foreign Language (hereinafter referred to as RFL) is especially necessary for the effective development of the Russian verb system. The article presents a structural and semantic analysis of verbs of movement, as well as their syntagmatic properties. To facilitate acquaintance with the Russian verbs of movement, along with theoretical exercises, the teaching methodology of RFL actively employs exercises in the form of a game, grammatical rhyming, imitative exercises, etc. They allow foreign students to consolidate the studied theoretical information in an unobtrusive form, activate the joint speech activity of students, within the framework of the functional and communicative approach that is relevant in the teaching methodology of RFL, they make it possible to improve the acquired speech skills and grammatical skills.
Properties of a Previously Unidentified Instrumental Signature in Kepler/K2 That was Confused for AGN Variability
Authors: Moreno Jackeline , Buttry Rachel , O’Brien John , Vogeley Michael S. , Richards Gordon T. , Smith Krista Lynne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Kepler satellite potentially provides the highest precision photometry of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) available to investigate short-timescale optical variability. We targeted quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey that lie in the fields of view of the Kepler/K2 campaigns. Based on those observations, we report the discovery and properties of a previously unidentified instrumental signature in K2. Systematic errors in K2, beyond those due to the motion of the detector, plague our AGNs and other faint-target, guest observer science proposals. Weakly illuminated pixels are dominated by low-frequency trends that are both nonastrophysical and correlated from object to object. The instrumental signature lags in time as a function of radius from the center of the detector, crossing channel boundaries. Thus, systematics documented in this investigation are unlikely to be due to Moiré noise, rolling band, or pointing jitter. A critical clue to understanding this instrumental systematic is that different targets observed in the same channels of Campaign 8 (rear facing) and Campaign 16 (forward facing) have nearly identical light curves after time reversal of one of the campaigns. We find evidence of temperature trends that also reverse according to the Sun–spacecraft field orientation and that may dominate the systematics. These temperature variations are larger in K2 than in the nominal Kepler mission and strongly support our hypothesis of temperature-driven focus changes. Further characterization of this signature is crucial for rehabilitating K2 data for use in investigations of AGN light curves.