bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foaming Properties and Foam Structure of Produced Liquid in Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding Production
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Liu Xiaoyu , Luo Huan , Peng Baoliang , Sun Xitong , Liu Yang , Rui Zhenhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding process is proven to be vitally effective for enhancing oil recovery (EOR) in the oil industry. However, foaming behavior is generated by the breakthrough of chemical agents in the produced liquid and is increasingly concerned as a terrible problem during production. A set of experiments were recently performed to investigate the effects of foaming properties of ASP flooding produced liquid. The factors affecting foaming capacity and foam stabilization were discussed, and the differences in foaming properties of produced liquid between the strong base and weak base ASP flooding were first compared. The results indicated that in addition to temperature and pressure, the concentrations of chemical agents in the produced liquid were responsible for the foaming properties and foam stabilization. The foaming capacity could enhance 3–7% at 45 °C compared with a lower temperature of 35 °C. The average comprehensive index of the foam could increase from 2.2 × 105 at 29 psi to 2.5× 105 at 73 psi. The regularity of Plateau borders was highlighted at higher pH and surfactant concentration and thus facilitated the foam stabilization. The liquid film thickened and its shape expanded to the state of maintaining foam stabilization with the increase of polymer concentration. Furthermore, the foaming behavior of produced liquid in strong base ASP flooding production is much-more troublesome than that in weak base ASP flooding production. This study is significant in that it further supports the development of efficient treatment technology for produced liquid in the oilfield.
A Predictive Frontal and Oblique Collision Mitigation System for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Sun Chuanyang , Eskandarian Azim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a collision mitigation system for an unavoidable collision with an arbitrary oncoming obstacle vehicle. A set of candidate trajectories are generated by a model-based method and a hierarchical efficient collision-checking method is applied to check the potential collision between the predicted trajectory of the obstacle vehicle and the candidate trajectories of the ego vehicle. A novel method based on the vehicle polygon is applied to identify the specific impact location of the vehicle body. The predicted Delta-V and the identified impact location are combined to evaluate the outcome severity of the upcoming accident for each candidate trajectory. Based on the evaluated results, a path with the least damage would be selected and executed to mitigate the collision. Simulation and analysis are performed to investigate the performance of the presented system in a high-speed scenario of a detailed vehicle model.
Experimental Study of Thermal Management and Enhancement of Adsorption-Based Onboard Hydrogen Storage System
Authors: Wang Hailei , Miller Daniel C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although hydrogen has one of the highest specific energies, its energy density in terms of volume is very poor compared to liquid fuels. Thus, to achieve attractive energy density for hydrogen, either high-pressure compression or a storage method is needed. For onboard (vehicles) hydrogen storage, up to 700 bars are needed for commercial fuel cell vehicles. This creates extreme requirements for material strength and thus safety concerns. A new metal-organic framework 5 (MOF-5) was selected as the adsorbent for H2 storage, as it provides promising storage capacity and is commercially available. Under the same H2 storage capacity and tank volume, the adsorption system is expected several folds reduction in pressure. Under the current study, a unique thermal management design using Modular Adsorbing Tank Insert (MATI) is paired with conduction-enhanced compressed MOF-5 beds. Compared to bare beds without conduction enhancement, all beds with conduction enhancement using either aluminum pins or expanded natural graphite (ENG) have shown various levels of improvement on bed thermal response, which can potentially help expedite system charge and discharge cycle times for real applications.
A Novel Approach Investigating the Remaining Useful Life Predication of Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Genetic Programming Method
Authors: Qi Dongfeng , Li Congbo , Wang Ningbo , Huang Mingli , Hu Zengming , Li Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been widely cherished by consumers in recent years. However, as the number of EVs continues to increase, the number of retired power batteries will also increase, especially retired power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which will cause serious energy waste. To reuse sufficiently retired power LIBs, we studied the remaining useful life (RUL) of the power LIBs after retirement, so that the battery can be used in different usage scenarios, such as electric bicycles, grid energy storage, and communication base stations. The study first considers the inconsistency of the internal resistance and capacity of the LIBs pack and uses the battery available energy to predict the RUL of the retired power LIBs. Then, we further use the genetic programming (GP) method to predict the RUL of retired power LIBs. The case study shows the prediction accuracy of GP is better than response surface methodology (RSM), Kriging, and radial basis function (RBF) surrogate model. When the LIBs cycles are 100, 110, 120, and 130, the GP model prediction is relatively accurate and the minimum prediction error is only 5.26%.
Tribological Performances of Modified Babbitt Alloy Under Different Sliding Modes
Authors: Ni Yuquan , Zhang Hui , Dong Guangneng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to improve wear resistance of bare Babbitt modified by CuLa and evaluates the effect of different sliding modes on tribological properties of bare Babbitt, Babbitt modified by 0.5 wt% CuLa (marked by mbabbitt-1), and Babbitt modified by 1 wt% CuLa (marked by mbabbitt-2). First, bare Babbitt was modified with different contents of CuLa. The microstructure, microhardness, and wettability of Babbitt were tested and studied. Then, the tribological properties of bare Babbitt, mBabbitt-1, and mBabbitt-2 were conducted by the reciprocating mode and unidirectional mode under the lubricated condition. The results showed that the SnSb grain of the modified Babbitt was refined and uniformly distributed. The microhardness of mBabbitt-1 was higher than that of bare Babbitt and mBabbitt-2. Compared with bare Babbitt, the wettability of mBabbitt-1 and mBabbitt-2 was improved. Anti-friction and wear resistance of specimens under the reciprocating mode were better than that of specimens under the unidirectional mode, which was attributed to low strain and equivalent stress of bare Babbitt under the reciprocating mode. Moreover, anti-wear of bare Babbitt was improved by adding CuLa due to refined grain and high microhardness.
Investigation of Declarative Feature Modeling
Authors: Shah Jami J. , Ali Ahsan , Rogers Mary T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Features are composed of not only geometric entities, but also intrinsic/extrinsic geometric relations, hierarchical relations, size and location limits, and other higher level attributes. In the declarative approach, a feature is defined as a set of constraints applied to geometric entities or primitive volumes. Declarative modeling is facilitated by building blocks which enable constraint specification between feature entities. This paper will describe the methodology for the development of feature building blocks using standardized sets of geometric constraints, which can be used in the construction of graph based representation of features that are implementation independent. The declarative approach presented here takes advantage of two types of generic systems available commercially: geometric modeling core packages and constraint solvers. A graphical user-interface is also described for defining and archiving generic features in a library.
Identification of General Protrusion and Depression Features
Authors: Clark D. E. R. , Corney J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a robust method for identifying general protrusions and depressions on 2½D bodies. The results of applying the algorithm to a simple component are presented and their significance discussed. In the course of this discussion it is shown how many types of “open depression features”, such as slots and open pockets, could be identified as a subsequent step to the location of the protrusions on a body.
Incremental Recognition of Machining Features
Authors: Han JungHyun , Requicha Aristides A. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Manufacturing analysis programs that operate in a batch mode are inappropriate for a concurrent engineering environment, in which designers interact with an evolving product model and require rapid feedback on the manufacturing implications of design actions. This paper discusses a design for an automatic recognizer of machining features that operates incrementally, updating its results efficiently after each design step. The Incremental Feature Finder (IFF) builds upon an earlier, batch recognizer called OOFF, developed at USC in the late 1980s. IFF exploits spatial locality and feature dependency information, stored in a Truth Maintenance System, to improve its performance.
A Collaborative Process Planning and Scheduling System
Authors: Kempenaers Jan , Pinte Jos , Detand Jan , Kruth Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, process planning and scheduling have been rather separate activities within a company. Nowadays, the need for more flexible production and shorter production lead times urges for a close collaboration between these activities as a first step towards simultaneous engineering.
This article describes the results of the ongoing ESPRIT Project COMPLAN, which aims at the implementation of an integrated automatic process planning and scheduling system based on the concept of non-linear process plans.
Additionally to the use of NLPP for flexible load balancing and re-active rescheduling, a new collaborative approach is presented that is based on production constraints as a means to realise a feedback from scheduling to process planning. A process planning kernel is described that integrates this concept of production constraints.
Virtual Prototyping: An Approach Using VR-Techniques
Authors: Dai Fan , Göbel Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rapid prototyping is becoming a key factor in speeding up the product development process. This paper presents a concept of electronic prototyping called virtual prototyping. The idea is to integrate product modelling with computer simulation, realistic visualization and virtual reality techniques to make the product data model a virtual prototype. In contrast to physical prototypes, a virtual prototype is made very fast, can be manipulated and modified directly and the data is reusable. A preliminary implementation of our concept is available at IGD.
Towards Fewer Design Failures
Authors: Yao Zhihui , Johnson Aylmer L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many designs fail because one or more checks are not done, or are done too late during the design process. A functional modelling system is presented, which provides systematic design checking at early design phases by means of constraint satisfaction. However, problems can occur if the design to be checked involves too many constraints.
This paper presents some extended research, which establishes a knowledge hierarchy for managing the mathematical constraints, so that the computer can process large designs. A case study of fastening joint design using this hierarchy is discussed.
Estimation of Error in Acoustic Analysis
Authors: Tetambe Ravi P. , Rajakumar C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Application of error estimation in acoustical analysis is shown. Based on the Zienkiewicz-Zhu1 error estimator for stress analysis, a procedure for predicting the error in pressure distribution computed from a frequency domain analysis of acoustic cavities is outlined. Examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the error estimator in adaptively meshing the acoustic domain to minimize the error at different excitation frequencies.
Complex Modal Analysis of a Flat Belt Pulley System With Belt Damping and Coulomb Damped Tensioner
Authors: Kraver Theodore C. , Fan G. William , Shah Jami 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effects of damping on the rotational vibratory solution of a multiple pulley-flat elastomeric belt system with rotary tensioner is developed. Visco-elastic belt and coulomb tensioner arm damping are included. Belt span tension amplitude can also be determined. A complex modal procedure is developed to provide a straight forward way to solve for both the under-damped and over-damped cases. This complex modal procedure for the high-order non-symmetrical dynamic system solution was used to allow future extension to the non-symmetric rotational model of pulley wobble and transverse belt vibration coupling. The modal solution provides the rapid analysis over a spectrum of frequencies and saves significant time when compared to numerical integration techniques. Experimental results from the literature for a seven pulley test rig supports the complex modal solution in this paper. Analyses predict significant effect of belt damping on vibration amplitudes but minor effect from tensioner spring rate and coulomb damping.
CAD and Optimization of Helical Torsion Springs
Authors: Metwalli Sayed M. , Radwan M. Alaa , Elmeligy Abdel Aziz M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The convensional procedure of helical torsion spring design is an iterative process because of large number of requirements and relations that are to be attained once at a time. The design parameters are varied at random until the spring design satisfies performance requirements.
A CAD of the spring for minimum weight is formulated with and without the variation of the maximum normal stress with the wire diameter. The CAD program solves by employing the method of Lagrange-Multipliers. The optimal parameters, in a closed form are obtained, normalized and plotted. These explicit relations of design variables allow direct evaluation of optimal design objective and hence, an absolute optimum could be achieved.
The comparison of optimum results with those previously published, shows a pronounced achievement in the reduction of torsion spring weight.
Hypermedia Programs for Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Hight Timothy K. , Hornberger Lee E. , Lawrence Elizabeth , Gawlowski Matthew W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Engineers need to absorb and learn large amounts of new technical information. Effective methods of receiving this information are needed. Hypermedia stacks are one emerging avenue for information transmittal. This paper discusses two programs that have been created to address two distinct requirements for information transmittal — description of new technology in an easily accessible form, and guiding novices in developing skills and gaining insights in solving a particular type of problem. The first program was developed using a HyperCard stack and a Macintosh computer and describes current techniques available for rapid prototyping. Professional engineers and engineering students are largely unaware of these technologies because information on the subject is new. The second program is being developed using ToolBook under Windows and deals with the problem of sizing an idler shaft under given loads and operating conditions. This is a standard type of problem that might be given in a junior level machine design course. It draws on knowledge from statics and strength of materials and so acts as a review of fundamentals as well as a test of deeper understanding. This second program is at an earlier stage of development.
SCI Lamp for Multimedia Applications
Authors: Li Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multimedia technology has become widely available and it has tremendous potential. As computers getting faster every day, multimedia applications are reaching new ground constantly. However, a fundamental problem of multimedia systems is the interprocessor/intermachine communication speed. In this paper, we introduce a platform based on the Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI, ANSI/IEEE std 1596). The system can be physically distributed but logically closely coupled. All processors/machines in an SCI system shared physical memory and cache coherence is maintained even among remote processors. The interprocessor communication bandwidth can be as high as 1 Gbyte/sec. We will discuss the features of SCI-based systems when multimedia application is considered.
Robustness Consideration in Modelling a Prototype by Quality Engineering
Authors: Li Chang-Chung , Sheu Tsong-Shin , Lee Yu-Cheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Traditional model theory uses dimensional analysis and similarity to obtain design conditions for model construction and then uses prediction equations to predict the performance of a prototype. No consideration of quality is involved. In this paper, through model theory, we illustrate with examples that a high quality prototype can be obtained by quality engineering using robust design.
Set-Based Concurrent Engineering and Toyota
Authors: Ward Allen C. , Liker Jeffrey K. , Sobek Durward K. , Cristiano John J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article presents a paradigm for concurrent or simultaneous design. The paradigm explains apparent paradoxes in the development strategies of the Toyota Motor Company. Evidence from various interviews in the U.S. and Japanese automakers and automotive suppliers is presented, including two in-depth case studies. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential benefits of this paradigm.
Conflict Resolution in Concurrent Engineering Processes
Authors: Kannapan Srikanth M. , Taylor Dean L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Naive interpretations of concurrent engineering may expect extreme parallelization of tasks and simultaneous accommodation of multiple perspectives. In fact, from our efforts at modeling tasks in a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) pressure sensor design project, it appears that data dependencies due to the structure of tasks and the product itself result in scenarios of decision and action that must be carefully coordinated. This paper refines a previously described information model for defining evolving contexts of product model aspects and team member perspectives, with software agents acting on behalf of team members to execute tasks. The pressure sensor design project is analyzed in the framework of the information model. A scenario of decision and action for design of the pressure sensor is modeled as a design process plan. Conflict on a shared parameter occurs as a consequence of introducing some parallelism between the capacitance and deflection agents in the process. We present a technique for negotiating such conflicts by definition and propagation of utility functions on decision parameters and axiomatic negotiation.
A Study of the Information Handling Behavior of Designers During Conceptual Design
Authors: Baya Vinod , Leifer Larry J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The research reported in this paper examines the design process from an informational perspective. The study is based on the premise that there is a need to understand and formalize the information generating, accessing and analyzing behavior of designers in order to build tools and methods which can be smoothly integrated with their technical and social work environment. Results from an experimental study, conducted using the verbal protocol method, are discussed. A measure for the amount of information designers handle has been explored. A framework for analyzing the information handling behavior of designers is also presented.
A Generic Mechanism Model for Computer-Aided Conceptual Design of Machines
Authors: van der Werff K. , Zhang W. J. , Crone H. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an application data model for the representation of conceptual structures of mechanisms. The main features in building this model are (1) to use semantic database modelling approaches and (2) to have a generic model. The model has been used in developing a software environment system for integrated design and manufacturing of mechanisms. Both conceptual design and implementation issues concerning this model are discussed. The system intelligence can be increased via a proper application data model. In particular, the concepts handling raw data and handling different views from the same object are clarified. The necessity and the technique to support them are discussed both in a general sense and in our mechanism data model.
Designing a Design Degree in Engineering
Authors: Bieniawski Z. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At a time when engineering education comes under increasing scrutiny and criticism, and in the face of a new accreditation requirement for a design-integrated curriculum extending over the full four years of studies in engineering, a proposal is made for a B. S. degree in Design Engineering. It is shown that there is considerable demand for sound knowledge of design fundamentals and for broad understanding of the engineering design process, and that such a degree would serve the needs of engineering graduates of the next century and would be welcomed by industry. The paper demonstrates an innovative concept of designing a design degree in engineering, using the principles and methodology utilized in engineering design.
It is hoped that this paper will stimulate discussion among engineering professors as this proposal for a B.S. degree in design engineering is open to suggestions and constructive criticism.
Concurrent Engineering: The Disposal Perspective
Authors: Cleetus K. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper follows up the suggestion made in an earlier note that the disposal of products at the end of their useful life, and of by-products of their use, should be considered at the time of product design. Practical suggestions are made on how to incorporate the disposal perspective in a concurrent engineering team. Doing this will reduce the life-cycle cost, and incidentally encourage an approach to design that promotes full recoverability of materials and a safe environment. Taken together these recommendations will be instrumental in avoiding the privation and scarcity that will surely result from neglecting the far downstream perspectives of product development. The ideal of 100% recoverability of materials is held out as possible, provided solar power becomes viable soon. In the final section an initial set of disposability guidelines for designers is presented. They deserve to be deepened. Efforts to standardize recycling processes are essential to reduce the enormous variety existing today.
Collision Detection of 3D Complex Objects
Authors: Mo Rong , Nowacki Horst 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Collision detection of 3D complex objects is often needed for practical applications. In this paper, a new algorithm for testing collision is proposed. The algorithm combines the sweeping technique and a parametric surface modeling method. A collision detection process is carried out firstly in continuous time using sweeping, in order to determine a time interval for collision as early as possible. In the second step the collision detection is performed at discrete time in this time interval, so that exact collision positions and times are found.