bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Based Dimorphism of Anticancer Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Evasion
Authors: Conforti Fabio , Pala Laura , Pagan Eleonora , Bagnardi Vincenzo , De Pas Tommaso , Queirolo Paola , Pennacchioli Elisabetta , Catania Chiara , Cocorocchio Emilia , Ferrucci Pier Francesco , Saponara Maristella , Orsolini Gianmarco , Zagami Paola , Nicoló Eleonora , De Marinis Filippo , Tortora Giampaolo , Bria Emilio , Minucci Saverio , Joffe Hadine , Veronesi Paolo , Wargo Jennifer , Rosenthal Rachel , Swanton Charles , Mantovani Alberto , Gelber Richard D. , Viale Giuseppe , Goldhirsch Aron , Giaccone Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
We previously demonstrated that sex influences response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this article, we investigate sex-based differences in the molecular mechanisms of anticancer immune response and immune evasion in patients with NSCLC.

Experimental Design:
We analyzed (i) transcriptome data of 2,575 early-stage NSCLCs from seven different datasets; (ii) 327 tumor samples extensively characterized at the molecular level from the TRACERx lung study; (iii) two independent cohorts of 329 and 391 patients, respectively, with advanced NSCLC treated with anti–PD-1/anti–PD-L1 drugs.

Results:
As compared with men, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of women was significantly enriched for a number of innate and adaptive immune cell types, including specific T-cell subpopulations. NSCLCs of men and women exploited different mechanisms of immune evasion. The TME of females was characterized by significantly greater T-cell dysfunction status, higher expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, and higher abundance of immune-suppressive cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, MDSCs, and regulatory T cells. In contrast, the TME of males was significantly enriched for a T-cell–excluded phenotype. We reported data supporting impaired neoantigens presentation to immune system in tumors of men, as molecular mechanism explaining the findings observed. Finally, in line with our results, we showed significant sex-based differences in the association between TMB and outcome of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 drugs.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated meaningful sex-based differences of anticancer immune response and immune evasion mechanisms, that may be exploited to improve immunotherapy efficacy for both women and men.
Standardized Uptake Value Illuminates Tumor Inflammation and Treatment Response
Authors: Williamson Casey W. , Zamarin Dmitriy , Mayadev Jyoti 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on PET imaging is prognostic in cervical cancer. It was recently demonstrated that low pretreatment SUVmax is associated with superior prognosis and is correlated with decreased inflammatory signaling and myeloid-derived cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, potentially identifying susceptibility to targeted therapies.
See related article by Floberg et al., p. 4245
Exosomal CD47 Plays an Essential Role in Immune Evasion in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Shimizu Aasa , Sawada Kenjiro , Kobayashi Masaki , Yamamoto Misa , Yagi Taro , Kinose Yasuto , Kodama Michiko , Hashimoto Kae , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOvarian cancer is largely diagnosed at advanced stages upon detection of multiple peritoneal dissemination, resulting in poor outcomes. CD47 is overexpressed in tumors, facilitates tumor immune evasion, and is located on exosomes. We aimed to investigate the role of exosomal CD47 in ovarian cancer progression. Prognostic significance of CD47 expression in ovarian cancer was examined using a public database including 1,435 patients and validated with 26 patients at our institution. CD47 expression was associated with poor progression-free survival and inversely correlated with macrophage infiltration in ovarian cancer tissues. Exosomes were collected from ovarian cancer cell lines, and CD47 expression on exosomes was confirmed via flow cytometry. Inhibition of exosome secretion with GW4869 and exosome uptake with 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride inhibited the surface CD47 expression on ovarian cancer cells and promoted phagocytosis by macrophages. RAB27A (a key regulator of exosome release) knockdown inhibited exosome secretion and led to CD47 downregulation in ovarian cancer cells. In a xenograft mouse model, suppression of the release of tumor-derived exosomes by GW4869 or RAB27A knockdown suppressed tumor progression and enhanced M1 macrophage phagocytosis in cancer tissues. Collectively, CD47 expression was correlated with poor prognoses in patients with ovarian cancer, suggesting the importance of immune evasion. CD47 was expressed on exosomes and the inhibition of exosome secretion and/or uptake enhanced cancer cell phagocytosis by macrophages, and thus, suppressed peritoneal dissemination. This suggests the potential of a novel immune checkpoint therapeutic agent that focuses on exosomes.Implications:Mechanistic insight from the current study suggests that exosomal CD47 may be an advantageous therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Ten-Year All-Cause Death According to Completeness of Revascularization in Patients With Three-Vessel Disease or Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the SYNTAX Extended Survival Study
Authors: Takahashi Kuniaki , Serruys Patrick W. , Gao Chao , Ono Masafumi , Wang Rutao , Thuijs Daniel J.F.M. , Mack Michael J. , Curzen Nick , Mohr Friedrich-Wilhelm , Davierwala Piroze , Milojevic Milan , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , de Winter Robbert J. , Sharif Faisal , Onuma Yoshinobu , Head Stuart J. , Kappetein Arie Pieter , Morice Marie-Claude , Holmes David R. ,   on behalf of the SYNTAX Extended Survival Study Investigators
Published: May 2021

Background:
Ten-year all-cause death according to incomplete (IR) versus complete revascularization (CR) has not been fully investigated in patients with 3-vessel disease and left main coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods:
The SYNTAX Extended Survival study (Synergy Between PCI With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery: SYNTAX Extended Survival [SYNTAXES]) evaluated vital status up to 10 years in patients who were originally enrolled in the SYNTAX trial. In the present substudy, outcomes of the CABG CR group were compared with the CABG IR, PCI CR, and PCI IR groups. In addition, in the PCI cohort, the residual SYNTAX score (rSS) was used to quantify the extent of IR and to assess its association with fatal late outcome. The rSS of 0 suggests CR, whereas a rSS>0 identifies the degree of IR.

Results:
IR was more frequently observed in patients with PCI versus CABG (56.6% versus 36.8%) and more common in those with 3-vessel disease than left main coronary artery disease in both the PCI arm (58.5% versus 53.8%) and the CABG arm (42.8% versus 27.5%). Patients undergoing PCI with CR had no significant difference in 10-year all-cause death compared with those undergoing CABG (22.2% for PCI with CR versus 24.3% for CABG with IR versus 23.8% for CABG with CR). In contrast, those with PCI and IR had a significantly higher risk of all-cause death at 10 years compared with CABG and CR (33.5% versus 23.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.15–1.91]). When patients with PCI were stratified according to the rSS, those with a rSS≤8 had no significant difference in all-cause death at 10 years as the other terciles (22.2% for rSS=0 versus 23.9% for rSS>0–4 versus 28.9% for rSS>4–8), whereas a rSS>8 had a significantly higher risk of 10-year all-cause death than those undergoing PCI with CR (50.1% versus 22.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 3.40 [95% CI, 2.13–5.43]).

Conclusions:
IR is common after PCI, and the degree of incompleteness was associated with 10-year mortality. If it is unlikely that complete (or nearly complete; rSS<8) revascularization can be achieved with PCI in patients with 3-vessel disease, CABG should be considered.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00114972. URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03417050.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Mouse Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Revealed Severely Impaired Lymphopoiesis After Resuscitation
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Ran , Miao Wanying , Evans Cody , Lu Liping , Lyu Jingjun , Li Xuan , Warner David S. , Zhong Xiaoping , Hoffmann Ulrike , Sheng Huaxin , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2021

Background
Animal disease models represent the cornerstone in basic cardiac arrest (CA) research. However, current experimental models of CA and resuscitation in mice are limited. In this study, we aimed to develop a mouse model of asphyxial CA followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to characterize the immune response after asphyxial CA/CPR.

Methods and Results

CA was induced in mice by switching from an O
2
/N
2
mixture to 100% N
2
gas for mechanical ventilation under anesthesia. Real‐time measurements of blood pressure, brain tissue oxygen, cerebral blood flow, and ECG confirmed asphyxia and ensuing CA. After a defined CA period, mice were resuscitated with intravenous epinephrine administration and chest compression. We subjected young adult and aged mice to this model, and found that after CA/CPR, mice from both groups exhibited significant neurologic deficits compared with sham mice. Analysis of post‐CA brain confirmed neuroinflammation. Detailed characterization of the post‐CA immune response in the peripheral organs of both young adult and aged mice revealed that at the subacute phase following asphyxial CA/CPR, the immune system was markedly suppressed as manifested by drastic atrophy of the spleen and thymus, and profound lymphopenia. Finally, our data showed that post‐CA systemic lymphopenia was accompanied with impaired T and B lymphopoiesis in the thymus and bone marrow, respectively.

Conclusions
In this study, we established a novel validated asphyxial CA model in mice. Using this new model, we further demonstrated that asphyxial CA/CPR markedly affects both the nervous and immune systems, and notably impairs lymphopoiesis of T and B cells.
Delayed Neurological Improvement After Full Endovascular Reperfusion in Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Talavera Blanca , Gómez-Vicente Beatriz , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , López-Cancio Elena , García-Cabo Carmen , Castellanos Mar , Roel Alexia , Tejada-Meza Herbert , Marta-Moreno Javier , Pérez-Lázaro Cristina , Navarro-Pérez María Pilar , Bravo-Anguiano Yolanda , Bártulos-Iglesias Mónica , Tejada-García Javier , Rodrigo-Stevens Gabriela , Martínez-Zabaleta Maite , de la Riva Patricia , Timiraos-Fernández Juan José , del Mar Freijo María , Luna Alain , García-Sánchez Juan Manuel , del Carmen Gil-Alzueta María , Palacio-Portilla Enrique Jesús , Jiménez-López Yésica , López-Mesonero Luis , Redondo-Robles Laura , Mayo-Iscar Agustín , Arenillas Juan F. ,   on behalf of the NORDICTUS Investigators*
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of delayed neurological improvement (DNI) after complete endovascular reperfusion in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of an online multicenter prospective reperfusion registry of patients with consecutive anterior circulation AIS treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) from January 2018 to June 2019 in tertiary stroke centers of the NORDICTUS (NORD-Spain Network for Research and Innovation in ICTUS) network. We included patients with AIS with a proximal occlusion in whom a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 3 reperfusion pattern was obtained. DNI was defined if, despite absence of early neurological improvement during the first 24 hours, patients achieved functional independence on day 90. Clinical and radiological variables obtained before EVT were analyzed as potential predictors of DNI.

Results:

Of 1565 patients with consecutive AIS treated with EVT, 1381 had proximal anterior circulation occlusions, 803 (58%) of whom achieved a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 3. Of these, 628 patients fulfilled all selection criteria and were included in the study. Mean age was 73.8 years, 323 (51.4%) were female, and median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 16. Absence of early neurological improvement was observed in 142 (22.6%) patients; 32 of these (22.5%) achieved good long-term outcome and constitute the DNI group. Predictors of DNI in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression were male sex (odds ratio, 6.4 [95% CI, 2.1–22.3]
P
=0.002), lower pre-EVT National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2–1.5],
P
<0.001), and intravenous thrombolysis (odds ratio, 9.1 [95% CI, 2.7–30.90],
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
One-quarter of patients with anterior circulation AIS who do not clinically improve within the first 24 hours after complete cerebral endovascular recanalization will achieve long-term functional independence, regardless of the poor early clinical course. Male sex, lower initial clinical severity, and use of intravenous thrombolysis before EVT predicted this clinical pattern.
Theology through Eschatological Story
Authors: Lear Joseph M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Daniela Augustine’s The Spirit and the Common Good is a preachable theology because it is story – the story of the coming kingdom made present by the Spirit’s outpouring on Pentecost. Her book finds a fruitful locus of theological reflection in the former Yugoslavia’s Third Balkan War, by which she confronts the protological narrative of human violence with the counternarrative of the Scriptures, the Spirit, and the glorious transformation at the end of the age. In order to put flesh on Christian hope in the contemporary contexts, Augustine turns to hagiographical stories in the former Yugoslavia. Hagiography is not without perils for the theological task, not least in that it can downplay the sinfulness of the saints’ lives. But, as in the practice of Pentecostal testimony, Augustine’s work gives glory to God, not humans for the work of God in the world.
<p><strong><em>Scholtzia kalbarri,</em></strong><strong> a replacing name for <em>Scholtzia denticulata</em> (Myrtaceae: Chamelaucieae)</strong></p>
Authors: DESHMUKH UMAKANT BHOOPATI 
Published: May 2021

The Western Australian genus Scholtzia Schauer (1843: 241), is one of the larger genera in the tribe Chamelaucieae of family Myrtaceae with more than 40 species, chiefly found from Carnarvon south to near Harvey and inland to Anderson Rocks, north of Hyden, northern sand plains of the South West Botanical Province and Kalbarri National Park (Rye, 2019). Recently Rye (2019), described twenty-five new species and five new subspecies. One newly described species, Scholtzia denticulata Rye (2019: 55) is illegitimate as it is a later homonym of Scholtzia denticulata F. Mueller (1864: 75).Therefore, a new replacement name is proposed here in accordance with article 53.1 of Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2018).
Cloud microphysical structure analysis based on high-resolution insitu measurements
Authors: Konwar Mahen , Prabhakaran Thara , Khain Alexander , Pinsky Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the microphysical parameters and shapes of droplet size distributions (DSDs) along three aircraft traverses of developing convective clouds during Cloud Aerosol Interactions and Precipitation Enhancement EXperiment (CAIPEEX) 2015 at a sampling frequency of 25 Hz. The droplet number concentration (Nc, cm−3), and liquid water content (LWC, gm−3) present steep gradients within a few tens of meters’ zones near the cloud edges and relatively gentle gradients in the strong updraft zones. Sometimes, the horizontal LWC distribution resembles a trapezoid-like shape with steep LWC and Nc gradients near the cloud edges. The LWC maximums (LWCmax) are lower than the adiabatic LWC, but the high adiabatic fractions in the cloud core indicate low dilution. High LWC/LWCmax, largest droplets, and narrow and similarly-shaped DSDs are found in the regions of high updrafts. Zones of low LWC/LWCmax are found close to the cloud edges, where DSDs are highly diverse, containing both large and small droplets. Finally, we analyze the mixing diagrams.Significant in-phase turbulent fluctuations in LWC and Nc were found. The effective radii change slightly across cloud updraft zones but decrease at the low LWC/LWCmax ratio zone close to cloud edges. The spectra of LWC and Nc obey Kolmogorov -5/3 turbulence law. The radii of the correlation of LWC and Nc in updraft zones are of several tens of meters. Filaments up to 120-175 m in size are also noticed.
Using Climate Model Simulations to Constrain Observations
Authors: Santer Benjamin D. , Po-Chedley Stephen , Mears Carl , Fyfe John C. , Gillett Nathan , Fu Qiang , Painter Jeffrey F. , Solomon Susan , Steiner Andrea K. , Wentz Frank J. , Zelinka Mark D. , Zou Cheng-Zhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe compare atmospheric temperature changes in satellite data and in model ensembles performed under phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6). In the lower stratosphere, multidecadal stratospheric cooling during the period of strong ozone depletion is smaller in newer CMIP6 simulations than in CMIP5 or satellite data. In the troposphere, however, despite forcing and climate sensitivity differences between the two CMIP ensembles, their ensemble-average global warming over 1979–2019 is very similar. We also examine four properties of tropical behavior governed by basic physical processes. The first three are ratios between trends in water vapor (WV) and trends in sea surface temperature (SST), lower-tropospheric temperature (TLT), and mid- to upper-tropospheric temperature (TMT). The fourth property is the ratio between TMT and SST trends. All four ratios are tightly constrained in CMIP simulations but diverge markedly in observations. Model trend ratios between WV and temperature are closest to observed ratios when the latter are calculated with datasets exhibiting larger tropical warming of the ocean surface and troposphere. For the TMT/SST ratio, model–data consistency depends on the combination of observations used to estimate TMT and SST trends. If model expectations of these four covariance relationships are realistic, our findings reflect either a systematic low bias in satellite tropospheric temperature trends or an overestimate of the observed atmospheric moistening signal. It is currently difficult to determine which interpretation is more credible. Nevertheless, our analysis reveals anomalous covariance behavior in several observational datasets and illustrates the diagnostic power of simultaneously considering multiple complementary variables.
SC-Earth: A Station-Based Serially Complete Earth Dataset from 1950 to 2019
Authors: Tang Guoqiang , Clark Martyn P. , Papalexiou Simon Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeteorological data from ground stations suffer from temporal discontinuities caused by missing values and short measurement periods. Gap-filling and reconstruction techniques have proven to be effective in producing serially complete station datasets (SCDs) that are used for a myriad of meteorological applications (e.g., developing gridded meteorological datasets and validating models). To our knowledge, all SCDs are developed at regional scales. In this study, we developed the serially complete Earth (SC-Earth) dataset, which provides daily precipitation, mean temperature, temperature range, dewpoint temperature, and wind speed data from 1950 to 2019. SC-Earth utilizes raw station data from the Global Historical Climatology Network–Daily (GHCN-D) and the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD). A unified station repository is generated based on GHCN-D and GSOD after station merging and strict quality control. ERA5 is optimally matched with station data considering the time shift issue and then used to assist the global gap filling. SC-Earth is generated by merging estimates from 15 strategies based on quantile mapping, spatial interpolation, machine learning, and multistrategy merging. The final estimates are bias corrected using a combination of quantile mapping and quantile delta mapping. Comprehensive validation demonstrates that SC-Earth has high accuracy around the globe, with degraded quality in the tropics and oceanic islands due to sparse station networks, strong spatial precipitation gradients, and degraded ERA5 estimates. Meanwhile, SC-Earth inherits potential limitations such as inhomogeneity and precipitation undercatch from raw station data, which may affect its application in some cases. Overall, the high-quality and high-density SC-Earth dataset will benefit research in fields of hydrology, ecology, meteorology, and climate. The dataset is available athttps://zenodo.org/record/4762586.
Examining Potential User Experience Trade-Offs Between Common Computer Display Configurations
Authors: Burruss Caleb C. , Bjornsen Elizabeth , Gallagher Kaitlin M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective To determine how ultrawide (UW) and dual displays configurations can influence neck biomechanics and performance compared to a single display. Background Studies have assessed neck kinematics and performance when using dual displays, but these studies have used screen sizes smaller than today’s display size, have inconsistent participant placement, and few have assessed these two variables together. Methods Seventeen participants completed five tasks on six display configurations. Neck kinematics and performance were tracked for each configuration. Results Centered configurations produced significantly different median neck rotation angles compared to secondary configurations ( p < .001) for three of the tasks. A 34” curved UW display with a longer viewing distance produced similar neck kinematics to a single 24” display with the potential to also reduce screen interactions. When compared to single, the benefit of secondary versus centered monitors was dependent on the type of task being performed. Users may prefer the UW, centered dual, and secondary dual configurations over the single display. Conclusion The benefit of secondary versus centered displays is dependent on the type of task being performed. Dual displays are still beneficial but should be used with a monitor arm to switch between centered and secondary configurations as necessary. Future work should look at larger UW displays to see if these results hold compared to dual display configurations. Application The results can be used to make evidence-based guidelines for displays based on size and task. Researchers can use this information to design future studies looking at specific configurations.
Globalisation and Economic Growth in India: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Wani Suadat Hussain , Mir M. Afzal 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to investigate the relation between globalisation, which includes foreign direct investment (FDI), exports, imports, foreign remittances and economic growth in India. To achieve the said objective, Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach has been utilised. The study indicates that imports and FDI positively affect economic growth in India. On the other hand, exports and foreign remittances have negative and significant relationship with economic growth. This suggests that exports and foreign remittances take more time to spillover positive impact on economic performance of India. The findings suggest that FDI should be encouraged to promote exports, export-led growth and joint ventures with foreign investors in the country. JEL Codes: F30, F10, F10, F24, C22