bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge on dietary treatment for weight reduction and eating habits of patients attending an Obesity Clinic
Authors: Kaufer-Horwitz Martha , Villa Mercedes , Pedraza Javier , Vázquez Verónica , Reynoso Ricardo , Domínguez Jannet , Méndez Juan Pablo , García Eduardo 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo explore knowledge on dietary treatment for weight‐loss and eating habits of patients attending the Obesity Clinic of the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition in Mexico.MethodsBMI was assessed in 104 consecutive first time patients. They were asked to design a detailed weight‐loss diet they would recommend to a person of their same characteristics; if the designed diet (RD) was similar to their own; and the reasons for not following such a diet. A 24‐hour diet recall was assessed (consumed diet; CD). The Mexican Food Exchange System was used to calculate energy content of RD and CD; and fruit, vegetable, cereal and sweetened beverage portions. Energy requirement (ER) by gender was assessed with Mifflin‐St Jeor equations multiplied by 1.2 assuming sedentary behavior. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess differences.ResultsPatients were 37.3±11.8 years old; BMI of 44.9±9.4; 52.9% were female; 67.3% had BMI≥40. ER was 2406±483kcal. RD 1175±273kcal; and CD was 2337±1063kcal (p=.000 RD vs CD and ER). Fruit and vegetable portions were lower in CD (1.9±2.1 and 1.5±1.6 vs. 2.5±1.3 and 2.0±1.0) p<.05; cereal and sweetened beverage portions were higher in CD (10.8±5.9 and 4.1±4.9 vs. 4.9±2.3 and 1.1±1.4) p<.0001. RD was not followed by 46.1% of patients; main referred reasons were lack of time, of structure, and economic issues.ConclusionsPatients who seek care for their obesity have knowledge on dietary strategies to lose weight; but they do not seem to translate it into practice. Treatment approaches should focus on giving patients tools to implement their nutrition knowledge.
Rates of Weight Loss in Diabetics versus Non‐Diabetics in Subjects in an Outpatient Very Low Calorie Diet Program
Authors: Deng Max L , Wang Michelle , Tseng Chi-Hong , Li Zhaoping , Heber David 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVETo evaluate differences in the efficacy of a very low calorie diet (VLCD) in promoting weight loss in diabetic mellitus (DM) and non‐DM patients.METHODPatients enrolled in a self‐paid, university‐based, outpatient weight loss program with VLCD (500–800 Cal/day) were studied retrospectively. Patients entering the program for the first time and attending weekly clinic visits for >8 weeks were included in the analysis. Repeated measurement analysis was used to determine whether weight loss was different in DM subjects compared to those subjects without DM.RESULTSA total of 326 patients with DM and 3209 without DM entering the program from 1991 to 2010 met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. In the linear mixed effects model, DM subjects had a slower rate of weight loss by 0.0163 lb/day compared to non‐DM subjects (p=0.0006). Gender had no effect on the difference of weight loss rate observed above (p=0.258). When subjects were compared according to BMI groups, there was no statistical difference in the rate of weight loss observed between patients with DM and without DM in the BMI ranges of 30–35 or >45.CONCLUSIONPatients with Type 2 DM may lose weight at a slightly slower rate than non‐DM patients, regardless of gender, when enrolled in a structured outpatient program. Further analysis will be carried out to better understand the reason for the observed difference.
Soy and curcumin supplementation inhibits dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)‐induced liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Cheng An-Chin , Chien Ling-Lung , Lee Ming-Fen , Pan Min-Hsiung , Guo Yan-Jyun , Huang Han 
Published: June 2021

Curcumin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐cancer properties and extensively studied for its therapeutic aspects in a variety of disorders. Soy consumption associates with lower incidence of chronic diseases in epidemiological and clinical studies in many Asian countries. This study was to investigate the effect of soy and curcumin mix on liver injury and its fundamental mechanism. SD Rats were intraperitoneally injected dimethylnitrosamine (10 mg/kg) three times per week for four consecutive weeks. Soy and curcumin mix (50 or 100 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage daily for four weeks. Liver morphology, histochemistry, function, and fibrotic status were examined. Fermented soy and curcumin supplementation alleviated the dimethylnitrosamine‐induced changes in the relative organ weights of liver, kidney, and spleen and serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase (p <0.05). Fibrogenesis and activation of hepatic stellate cells were relieved upon soy and cucumin supplementation as evidenced by histopathological examination and gene expression of α‐smooth muscle actin, respectively. These data demonstrated that fermented soy and curcumin preparations exhibited inhibitory effects in experimental model of liver fibrosis, suggesting their promising role in clinical intervention.This work was supported by the National Science Council grants, NSC 100‐2313‐B‐309‐003, to A‐C Cheng, and NSC 98‐2320‐B‐309‐002‐MY3, to M‐F Lee.
Effects of fermented pinus densiflora extracts on obesity‐related pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in KK‐Ay mice
Authors: Ahn Eun-Mi , Yoo Seon-Mi , Choi Jeong-Sook , Kim Hang-Ran , Kang Min-Sook 
Published: June 2021

With health concerns, substitutional sugar consumption is increasing. This study investigated the effects of fermented pinus densiflora extracts on obesity‐related pro‐inflammatory cytokines in diet induced obese diabetic mice. Twenty eight KK‐Ay mice were divided into four groups. Because sugar containing, we obtained appropriate concentration through preliminary experiment. Normal diet control (NC), 1% fermented pine needle (FPN), 3%FPN, 5%FPN group respectively. For seven weeks, they supplemented diluted solution with 10% fat calory (Normal) diet. Inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory analysis showed that Interlukin‐6(IL‐6), Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1(MCP‐1), Adiponectin were no differences. Also there were no significant changes in the values of Leptin, Adiponectin. But leptin concentration was tended to be higher in 1% FPN group than in other groups. Apolipoprotein‐1(ApoA‐1) showed significantly increased in 5%FPN group. These results suggest that the possibility of FPN, as an anti‐obese functional food ingredients, by improved lipid metabolism.Grant Funding Source: This Research was supported by National Academy of Agricultural Science of Korea Grant
The role of Aurora‐A in curcumin‐treated human bladder T24 and breast MCF‐7 cancer cells
Authors: Su Chun-Li , Yen Cheng-Hsin , Ke Ching-Shiun , Liu Hsiao-Sheng , Cheng Hung-Chi , Huang Chi-Ying F. 
Published: June 2021

Curcumin, a yellow pigment in turmeric, has been proven to induce tumor apoptosis and inhibit tumor proliferation. Aurora‐A, an oncoprotein, plays vital roles in centrosomal activity and chromosome segregation. Although both curcumin and Aurora‐A regulate cell cycle, the effect of curcumin on Aurora‐A has not been concerned. In this study, we observe that curcumin‐induced growth inhibition of human bladder T24 and breast MCF‐7 cancer cells was associated with suppression of Aurora‐A protein and thus kinase activity. Aurora‐A siRNA acted similar to curcumin, resulting in monopolar spindle, G2/M arrest, and cell division reduction. Ectopic Aurora‐A restored the curcumin effects. Of notes, the anticancer effect of curcumin was enhanced by Aurora‐A siRNA, producing additivity and synergism effects in cell division and monopolar phenotype, respectively. The discovery of curcumin‐induced inhibition of oncoprotein Aurora‐A supports the application of curcumin in cancer treatments.(Supported in part by the National Science Council, Taiwan, No. NSC 98‐2313‐B‐003‐002‐MY3; the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, No. 99‐EC‐17‐A‐17‐S1‐152; and the National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, No. 99‐D and NTNU100‐D‐06).
Mulberry leave extracts inhibit stem cell‐like human neuroblastoma cells through induction of differentiation, down‐regulation of delta‐like 1 homologue (DLK1), and inhibition of ERK pathway
Authors: Park Seolhyun , Kim Jina , Kim Yuri 
Published: June 2021

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of the neural crest and the most prevalent pediatric solid tumor. Malignant neuroblastoma cells resemble stem cell/progenitor cells possessing differentiable and self‐renewal potential. Understanding the mechanism that regulates the characteristics of cancer stem cells is of greatest importance of discovery of chemotherapeutic treatment. Mulberry leaves are traditional medical plants and have been reported to have medical benefits, including antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer effect. However, the effect of mulberry leaves on cancer stemness remains to be examined. In this present study, mulberry leaves extracts (MLE) inhibited cell growth in a timeand dose‐dependent manner. MLE enhanced neuronal differentiation by elongating neurites and significantly reduced clonogenicity and non‐adherent sphere formation. Western blot results demonstrated that MLE not only down‐regulated the expression of stem cell markers (notch‐1 and sox‐2), but also upregulated beta‐tubulin III, one of neuronal differentiation markers. Furthermore, MLE increased phosphorylation of ERK kinases, a mechanism that has been shown to facilitate neuronal differentiation and regulated the bona fide stem cell gene, delta‐like 1 homologue (DLK1), which indicated the involvement of MLE in stem cell regulation. Taken together, these findings provide experimental evidence that MLE may possess chemopreventive effect on neuroblastoma cells by inhibiting cancer stem cell characteristics as well as regulating cancer‐stem cell pathway, which enable us to discover more preventive strategies for this deadly child cancer, thereby improve patient survival.[This research was supported by Ewha Womans University Research Grant of 2010 (Project Number is 2010‐0256‐1‐2)]
The photoprotective effects of almond phytonutrients in a three‐dimensional human skin tissue model
Authors: Evans Julie A , Garlick Jonathan , Johnson Elizabeth J , Wang Xiang-Dong , Chen C-Y. Oliver 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAlmonds contain α‐tocopherol (AT) and polyphenols (AP), which have shown promise as photoprotectants in skin.ObjectiveOur aims were: 1) assess the feasibility of nutrient studies in a 3‐dimensinal (3D) human skin model and 2) determine photoprotection of AT and AP from ultraviolet‐A (UVA) irradiation.Materials and MethodsAT or AP was applied to media (25 and 5 μM, respectively) for 48 h or topically (1 mg/cm2 and 14 μg/cm2, respectively) for 2 h. Tissues were subsequently UVA irradiated (35 J/cm2) and photodamage was assessed at 96 h by morphology, proliferation (BrdU assay), apoptosis (TUNEL assay) and differentiation (keratin‐10 immunohistochemistry).ResultsUVA induced morphological deterioration and delayed differentiation was partially prevented by pretreatment of all nutrient applications. Tissues pretreated with media AT and topical AP tended to have increased proliferation compared to corresponding control tissue after UVA irradiation, while media and topical AT and topical AP treated tissue tended to have decreased apoptotic fibroblasts.ConclusionsOur 3D skin model is a feasible tool to assess nutrient photoprotection. AT and AP applied to medium or topically provided some degree of photoprotection from UVA. These data may have positive implications for the use of dietary and topical almond phytonutrients to prevent sun damage. USDA#581950‐7‐07; Almond Board of California
Purple potato, even after processing, suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in high‐fat diet consuming pigs
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sridhar , Reddivari Lavanya , Smith Stephen B , Kim Sung Woo , Vanamala Jairam 
Published: June 2021

Colored potatoes are becoming popular for their putative health benefits. Previously, we reported that purple potato (PP) chips suppressed the colonic inflammatory markers but did not alter feed intake/weight gain in the high‐fat diet (HFD) consuming pigs. However, no information exists if PP chips alter the systemic inflammatory markers. Elevated ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in adipose tissue of obese mice/humans leads to elevated inflammatory markers. We hypothesized that PP chips may alter mesenteric fat fatty acid profile and suppress systemic oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers compared to white potato (WP) chips in pigs consuming HFD. To test this hypothesis, obese pigs were provided with HFD containing 10/20 % PP/WP chips for 5 wks. Only PP diet (10%) suppressed oxidative stress markers (8‐isoprostane and malondialdehyde; ELISA, p < 0.05) compared to control and WP diet. Mesenteric fat free fatty acid analysis (GC) showed that PP and WP diet (10%, PP > WP) suppressed SFA and elevated PUFA compared to control. TNF‐α levels in serum were also suppressed (p < 0.05) by PP (10 and 20%) and WP (10%) diets compared to control. This suggests that PP, even after processing, might suppress oxidative stress/inflammatory markers in vivo via alterations in the fatty acid composition. Thus, consumption of colored potatoes may suppress chronic inflammation during obesity.Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2009‐55200‐05197 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (2009–2012) and USDA AES (2010–2012) grant proposals.
Lapatinib for breast cancer′s systematic review and metaanalysis
Authors: Li doulin , Shi wentao , Li jiqiang , Wang jing , Su ke , Wei lei 
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer makes up 23% of women malignant tumor incidence and there are 1.15 million new cases increasing each year. Lapatinib has clinical activity with manageable toxic effects in HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer. We assess the effect and safety of lapatinib for breast cancer.MethodsElectronic retrieval in databases was finished for literatures as well as several journals, while Chinese journals and some relevant websites searched by hand. Data extraction was done by two reviewers according to the criteria respectively.ResultsFive trials were included. Clinically significant benefit was showed in lapatinib plus capecitabine and there wasn′t significant difference between the two groups. Overall response rate and clinical benefit were compared between lapatinib‐based regimens and control regimens and data showed a superiority in former but not significant.ConclusionIt revealed that lapatinib plus capecitabine was superior to capecitabine alone in women with HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer that had progressed after treatment with regimens that included an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab. Patients with HER2‐negative, ‐untested metastic breast cancer didn′t benefit from the addition of lapatinib to paclitaxel.(This work was supported by the Hubei Science Foundation under Grant No. 2009CDA074)
Nanoceria distribution, biotransformation, and safety/toxicity in the rat
Authors: Yokel Robert A , Wu Peng , Tseng Michael T. , MacPhail Robert C. , Graham Uschi M. , Dan Mo , Unrine Jason M. , Sultana Rukhsana , Hardas Sarita S. , Butterfield D. Allan , Grulke Eric A. 
Published: June 2021

Little is known about engineered nanomaterial (ENM) physico‐chemical properties that influence distribution across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and associated CNS effects. Ceria ENM is being investigated as an anti‐oxidant for neurodegenerative disorders.ObjectiveDetermine the distribution, biotransformation, persistence and effects of ceria ENMs.MethodsIn‐house synthesized, characterized, citrate‐coated ~ 5, 15, 30 and 55 nm polyhedral/cubic, and a low‐aspect ratio, ceria were given iv to rats; terminated 1 h to 90 days later for determination of BBB integrity, cerium concentration and valence, oxidative stress markers, and histological changes.ResultsVery little of any of these ceria ENMs crossed the BBB. Less than 1% was eliminated in feces and urine in 2 weeks, with most (98%) in feces. Nanoceria accumulated in the mononuclear phagocyte system with no significant decrease over 90 days. Initial antioxidant changes were followed by pro‐oxidant effects in the brain and liver. Granulomatous formations were seen in liver and spleen. Valence of freshly prepared ceria ENM did not significantly change in situ.ConclusionsNanoceria as small as 5 nm does not readily cross the BBB. Nanoceria persists in the mammal, without change in valence, causing toxicity. These results support concern that highly biopersistent ENMs are associated with adverse responses. Support: US EPA STAR Grant RD‐833772.
Real‐time contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (RT‐CEU) for the determination of flowmotion within skeletal muscle
Authors: Rattigan Stephen , Bradley Eloise M , Richards Stephen M , Keske Michelle A 
Published: June 2021

Flowmotion within skeletal muscle in vivo is difficult to determine and has depended upon invasive studies with implanted Laser Doppler flow (LDF) probes. This study reports the novel use of RT‐CEU to determine flowmotion in rat muscle in vivo.Anaesthetised rats were infused with Definity® microbubbles and the microvascular flow monitored by an US transducer (L9‐3) on the upper thigh. Contrast imaging was performed with a iU22 US machine and analysis of regions of interest by QLab (Philips) Wavelet analysis was used to determine the contribution by endothelial (0.006–0.02Hz), neurogenic (0.02–0.06Hz) and myogenic (0.06–0.3Hz) vasomotion. RT‐CEU data was compared to simultaneous subcutaneous data made with LDF surface probes (Moor Instruments).Both RT‐CEU and LDF data demonstrated that muscle and subcutaneous tissues displayed flowmotion with a strong neurogenic rhythmical variation. Phentolamine treatment abolished the neurogenic flowmotion and lead to a recruitment of microvascular flow to the same extent as muscle contraction.RT‐CEU provides a new technique that can be used to determine in vivo flowmotion within skeletal muscle of experimental animals and humans. This technique has the potential to provide novel information about defects in the vascular regulation in pathological conditions (insulin resistance, sepsis) that are associated with poor nutrient delivery. Funded by NHMRC(Aust).
Mulltiple steady states in microvascular networks
Authors: Carr Russell T , Geddes John B , Bozzuto Lisa 
Published: June 2021

The computation of steady state blood flow requires the simultaneous solution of three conservation laws at each junction point in the network. First the RBC mass balance must be satisfied. This is governed by nonlinear equations at diverging junctions – the plasma skimming rule. The second conservation law is the momentum balance (or pressure distribution). Again this momentum balance is governed by a nonlinear function – the Fahraeus‐Lindqvist effect for apparent viscosity. Finally, the total mass balance for volumetric blood flow is a linear system of equations that must be satisfied. This nonlinear system can result in multiple steady states as network parameters are varied. Many of these multiple steady states arise from what are called saddle node bifurcations in the nonlinear dynamics.The same network can have steady states with different flow, hematocrit and pressure distributions. Some may be attractive, while others are repulsive. The system can exhibit hysteresis. These results can have significant physiological consequences on flow and hematocrit distributions in response to blood flow control action.Funding provided by UNH and Cornell University
Normal human IgG attenuates intracellular superoxide level and permeability in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs)
Authors: Wang Xiuqing , Wang Qianyu , Sun Zhongjie 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe protective role of normal human IgG, a circulating antibody, in vascular endothelial cells is not poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate our hypothesis that IgG attenuates intracellular superoxide (O2−) levels and permeability in HAECs via activation of AMPK.ResultsIgG significantly decreased the intracellular O2− levels and endothelial permeability. NADPH oxidase activity and Rac1 activity were attenuated by IgG, which may lead to the decreased O2− formation. In addition, IgG increased MnSOD expression and eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation contributing to IgG‐induced decrease in O2− level. Notably, IgG activated AMPK as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of AMPK (pAMPK). Interestingly, suppression of AMPK activity by an AMPK inhibitor (AI) abolished IgG‐induced decreases in O2− levels, endothelial permeability, stress fiber formation, and cell migration, suggesting that the protective effects of IgG on HAECs are mediated by AMPK activation. The mechanistic investigation further revealed that inhibition of AMPK prevented IgG‐induced decreases in Rac1 and NADPH oxidase activities and IgG‐induced increases in MnSOD expression and eNOS activity.ConclusionIgG may protect HAECs by attenuating O2− levels by activation of AMPK and subsequent downregulation of NADPH oxidase activity and upregulation of MnSOD expression and eNOS activity.
Sodium nitrite treatment restores vascular endothelial function in old mice with CKD
Authors: Sindler Amy L , Zigler Melanie C , Yoshizawa Mutsuko , Baylis Chris , Seals Douglas R 
Published: June 2021

We tested the hypothesis that sodium nitrite treatment would improve endothelial function in older mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Old (~27 mo) C57 male mice that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (OCKD, n=4) had greater circulating plasma creatinine vs. old control (O, n=5) (0.067 ± 0.03 vs. 0.017 ± 0.002 mg/dl, p ≤ 0.01). Endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) (carotid artery dilation to acetylcholine [ACh]) was impaired in O vs. young (~6 mo, Y, n=4) (80 ± 1 vs. 96 ± 3%, p < 0.05), and was impaired further with CKD (71 ± 2%), which was mediated by reduced NO (EDD to ACh alone minus EDD to ACh + L‐NAME: Y 62 ± 9% vs. O 43 ± 2% vs. OCKD 32 ± 6%, p < 0.05). Sodium nitrite added to drinking water (50 mg/l) for 8 weeks completely restored EDD in OCKD (92 ± 4%) by restoring NO bioavailability (61 ± 19%). Incubation with the superoxide dismutase mimetic, TEMPOL, increased EDD in O and OCKD (96 ± 1 and 95 ± 3%), but had no effect in Y or OCKD mice treated with nitrite. Endothelium‐independent dilation did not differ among groups/conditions. Superoxide production (EPR spectroscopy) from aortic rings was greater in O vs. Y (4139 ± 406 vs. 1734 ± 368 AU), further increased in OCKD (5858 ± 1509 AU), and normalized by sodium nitrite treatment (2697 ± 265 AU). These results indicate that nitrite supplementation may be an effective therapy for enhancing vascular endothelial function in age‐associated CKD by improving NO bioavailability and oxidative stress.Work supported by NIH AG013038, HL007822, AG000279