bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of shape variation in wild Tor Mahseer (Tor tor) from Indian Rivers
Authors: Dwivedi Arvind Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that geographical isolation between river ecosystems often resulted in phenotypic variation and ultimately change in the population structure of aquatic species. To test the hypothesis, 471 individuals of Tor Mahseer, Tor tor, were collected across its distribution range from 18 locations on 10 Indian Rivers covering the Ganges, Narmada, and Godavari River basins to assess the population‐level inter‐ and intra‐basin shape variation through landmark‐based “geometric morphometrics.” Overall, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed significant differences (F = 3.33, p < .001) in shape across wild populations. The Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances extracted from canonical variate analysis (CVA) were found to be significant (p < .001) between basins and nonsignificant (p > .001) within basin except Banas and Kali Sindh Rivers in the Ganges River basin. The results indicated that Tor Mahseer in Indian Rivers were represented by four heterogeneous phenotypic stocks (1: the Ganges River basin except Banas and Kali Sindh River; 2: the Banas and Kali Sindh River; 3: the Narmada River basin, and 4: the Godavari River basin) based on their shape. The wireframes depicted variation mainly in the head region, body depth, and the caudal peduncle area between four phenotypic stocks. The population‐level shape variation between the basins might be due to geographical isolation between the basins and within the Ganges basin because of river fragmentation due to habitat alteration, which restricts the movement of fishes. This study is useful for resolving the “phenotypic stock” complexity in order to develop a suitable stock management plan with the aim of conserving and restoring populations of Tor Mahseer in Indian Rivers.
α‐Glucosidase, α‐Amylase Inhibition, Kinetics and Docking Studies of Novel (2‐Chloro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy)arylidene) Based Rhodanine and Rhodanine Acetic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Vasantha , Ramu Ramith , Shirahatti Prithvi S. , Kumari V. B. Chandana , Sushma P. , Mandal Subhankar P. , Patil Shashank M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn our effort to identify potent fluorinated small molecules as antidiabetic compounds, a novel fluorinated series of 2‐chloro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy arylidene derived Rhodanine and Rhodanine‐acetic acid derivatives were synthesized and screened for α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activity. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and LCMS spectral data. Among the tested compounds, (Z)‐5‐(4‐(2‐chloro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy)benzylidene)‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one(5 a) and 2‐((Z)‐5‐(4‐(2‐chloro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy)benzylidene)‐4‐oxo‐2‐thioxothiazoli‐din‐3‐yl)acetic acid(6 a) emerged as most promising α‐glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 values 4.76±0.64 μM and 4.91±0.45 μM, respectively. Further, the kinetic inhibition experiments against yeast α‐glucosidase for compounds 5 a and 6 a indicated that these are competitive inhibitors with inhibitory constant (Ki) 0.54 μg and 1.15 μg respectively. Molecular docking studies on α‐glucosidase was performed by homology modelingfor the most potent compounds 5 a and 6 a to understand the putative binding mode. The study revealed substantial binding of the compounds to the active site of α‐glucosidase, indicating that the position of the substituent plays a key role in its inhibitory potential.
FeCo Nanoparticles Encapsulated in N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Coupled with Layered Double (Co, Fe) Hydroxide as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Tongrui , Bian Juanjuan , Zhu Yuanqin , Sun Chunwen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLow‐cost bifunctional nonprecious metal catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical for the commercialization of rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). However, the preparation of highly active and durable bifunctional catalysts is still challenging. Herein, an efficient catalyst is reported consisting of FeCo nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped carbon nanotubes (FeCo NPs‐N‐CNTs) by an in situ catalytic strategy. Due to the encapsulation and porous structure of N‐doped carbon nanotubes, the catalyst shows high activity toward ORR and excellent durability. Furthermore, to enhance the OER activity, CoFe‐layer double hydroxide (CoFe‐LDH) is coupled with FeCo NPs‐N‐CNTs by in situ reaction approach. As the air electrode for rechargeable ZABs, the cell with CoFe‐LDH@FeCo NPs‐N‐CNTs catalyst exhibits high open‐circuit potential (OCP) of 1.51 V, high power density of 116 mW cm−2, and remarkable durability up to 100 h, demonstrating its great promise for the practical application of the rechargeable ZABs.
Benzophenone‐3 breaches mouse Sertoli cell barrier and alters F‐actin organization without evoking apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Yu , Jiao Xiao‐Fei , Wu Di , Chen Fan , Ding Zhi‐Ming , Wang Yong‐Sheng , Meng Fei , Duan Ze‐Qun , Xiong Jia‐Jun , Yang Cai‐Xia , Huo Li‐Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBenzophenone‐3 (BP‐3), one of the most commonly utilized ultraviolet filters in personal care products, has aroused public concern in recent years for its high chances of human exposure. Previous studies have found that BP‐3 can impair testes development and spermatogenesis, but the targets of BP‐3 are still unknown. In this study, primary Sertoli cells from 20‐day‐old mice were treated in vitro with 0–100 μM BP‐3 for 24 h to identify its toxicity on Sertoli cells and Sertoli cell barrier. Results demonstrated that BP‐3 could induce a notable change in cell morphology and impair Sertoli cell viability. The analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance showed that the integrity of the Sertoli cell barrier was destroyed by BP‐3 (100 μM). Some structural proteins of the barrier including ZO‐1, Occludin, and Connexin43 were lower expressed and the localization of basal ectoplasmic specializations protein β‐catenin was altered because of BP‐3 treatment. Further exploration suggested that BP‐3 led to Sertoli cell F‐actin disorganization by affecting the expression of Rictor, a key component of the mTORC2 complex. Moreover, although increased DNA damage marker γH2A.X was observed in the treatment group, the cell apoptosis rate was changeless which was further confirmed by increased BAX and stable Bcl‐2 (two primary apoptosis regulating proteins). In conclusion, this study revealed that BP‐3 had the potential to perturb the Sertoli cell barrier through altered junction proteins and disorganized F‐actin, but it could hardly evoke Sertoli cell apoptosis.
Privacy implications of the new “omic” technologies in law enforcement
Authors: Roffey Paul , Scudder Nathan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract“Omic” technologies have opened a new revolution in law enforcement and are now solving decades‐old cold cases as well as current investigations. The Golden State Killer case is probably the most notable of the cold case investigations that has been solved by one of the new “omic” technologies, namely forensic genetic genealogy. The resolution of this case epitomizes the power of the “omic” technologies to solve crime while simultaneously unearthing serious legal and ethical concerns around the individuals' privacy in the use of their genetic information. The legislation that is currently used by the state, territory, and Commonwealth jurisdictions in Australia to regulate the use of DNA for criminal investigation is now two decades old and does not address the application of “omic” technologies to criminal investigation. The Australian government is reviewing current privacy laws, and this review could include the use of “omic” technologies. In the absence of specific legislation, law enforcement must continue to develop processes to consider privacy, law, and ethics around the use of “omic” technologies for criminal investigation and the identification of human remains.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Ethical and Social Implications
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
A review on flood risk assessment using multicriteria decision making technique
Authors: Abdulrahman Shuaibu , Bwambale Joash 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlood disaster risk assessment is a crucial and very challenging task because of the uncertainty of flood events that are due to many climatic and physiographic factors of watersheds. The focus of this paper is to review flood risk assessment using multicriteria analysis (MCA) approach by considering risk as a function of flood hazard and vulnerability. The study analyzes the methods and reports of recent works in assessing flood risk based on MCA technique. The review reveals that the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is the most widely used MCA technique due to its simplicity, less data requirement, and sound and reliable predictions of flood risk zones. The study also reveals that flood risk is a function and product of flood hazard and vulnerability. More so, high flood hazard does not guarantee high flood risk and vice versa. Furthermore, high flood vulnerability does not guarantee high flood risk and vice versa. In conclusion, more efficient state‐of‐art flood models that are based on hydrological processes should be explored for effective flood risk assessment and mapping. Further studies on flood risk should incorporate impact of climate change on flood risk indicators.
Beautiful and charming chromodipole moments
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Koole Gabriël 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the context of the Standard Model effective field theory we derive direct and indirect bounds on chromodipole operators involving the bottom and charm quark. We find that the experimental upper limit on the neutron electric dipole moment puts severe constraints on the imaginary parts of the Wilson coefficients of both chromodipole operators. The magnitudes of the Wilson coefficients are instead only weakly constrained by dijet searches and Z-boson production in association with bottom-quark jets. Flavour physics does not provide meaningful bounds.
Resonance structures in kink-antikink collisions in a deformed sine-Gordon model
Authors: Dorey Patrick , Gorina Anastasia , Perapechka Ilya , Romańczukiewicz Tomasz , Shnir Yakov 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study kink-antikink collisions in a model which interpolates smoothly between the completely integrable sine-Gordon theory, the ϕ4 model, and a ϕ6-like model with three degenerate vacua. We find a rich variety of behaviours, including integrability breaking, resonance windows with increasingly irregular patterns, and new types of windows near the ϕ6-like regime. False vacua, extra kink modes and kink fragmentation play important roles in the explanations of these phenomena. Our numerical studies are backed up by detailed analytical considerations.
Long-COVID: Langzeitsymptome und morphologische/radiologische Korrelate
Authors: Thurnher Majda M. , Reith Wolfgang , Thurnher Alexander P. , Rommer Paulus 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundNeurologische, pulmonale, kardiale und gastrointestinale Funktionsstörungen können in der postakuten Phase fortbestehen und einLong-COVID-Syndrombilden, das auch alspostakute Folgeerscheinungen der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion(PASC) bezeichnet wird. Einige Patienten entwickeln trotz einer zu Beginn relativ milden Erkrankung anhaltende und schwächende Symptome und werden als „COVID-19 long haulers“ bezeichnet.FragestellungVorstellung von Symptomen, Anzeichen und Biomarkern bei Patienten, die zuvor an COVID-19 erkrankt waren und Erörterung der möglichen zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen und Folgen.MethodenBestehende Literatur und berichtete Fälle sowie Expertenmeinungen werden analysiert und diskutiert.ErgebnisseDas Long-COVID-Syndrom betrifft Überlebende von COVID-19 in allen Schweregraden der Erkrankung, selbst in leichten bis mittelschweren Fällen und bei jüngeren Erwachsenen, die keine Beatmungsunterstützung oder Krankenhaus- bzw. Intensivpflege benötigten. Problematisch ist, dass bei vielen Langzeitüberlebenden nie ein Labornachweis für COVID-19 erbracht wurde, was die Skepsis weckt, dass ihre anhaltenden Symptome eine physiologische Grundlage haben. Andererseits können einige Symptome, die bei einer postakuten COVID-19-Erkrankung auftreten, Folge einer kritischen Erkrankung oder eine Nebenwirkung von Behandlungen sein.SchlussfolgerungDa es sich bei COVID-19 um eine neue Krankheit handelt, lässt sich nicht feststellen, wie lange diese Auswirkungen anhalten werden. Eine langfristige Überwachung der postakuten COVID-19-Symptome und ein Screening auf häufige Komorbiditäten sind unerlässlich.
A bilevel optimization approach to decide the feasibility of bookings in the European gas market
Authors: Plein Fränk , Thürauf Johannes , Labbé Martine , Schmidt Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe European gas market is organized as a so-called entry-exit system with the main goal to decouple transport and trading. To this end, gas traders and the transmission system operator (TSO) sign so-called booking contracts that grant capacity rights to traders to inject or withdraw gas at certain nodes up to this capacity. On a day-ahead basis, traders then nominate the actual amount of gas within the previously booked capacities. By signing a booking contract, the TSO guarantees that all nominations within the booking bounds can be transported through the network. This results in a highly challenging mathematical problem. Using potential-based flows to model stationary gas physics, feasible bookings on passive networks, i.e., networks without controllable elements, have been characterized in the recent literature. In this paper, we consider networks with linearly modeled active elements such as compressors or control valves. Since these active elements allow the TSO to control the gas flow, the single-level approaches for passive networks from the literature are no longer applicable. We thus present a bilevel model to decide the feasibility of bookings in networks with active elements. While this model is well-defined for general active networks, we focus on the class of networks for which active elements do not lie on cycles. This assumption allows us to reformulate the original bilevel model such that the lower-level problem is linear for every given upper-level decision. Consequently, we derive several single-level reformulations for this case. Besides the classic Karush–Kuhn–Tucker reformulation, we obtain three problem-specific optimal-value-function reformulations. The latter also lead to novel characterizations of feasible bookings in networks with active elements that do not lie on cycles. We compare the performance of our methods by a case study based on data from the .
On asymptotic joint distributions of cherries and pitchforks for random phylogenetic trees
Authors: Choi Kwok Pui , Kaur Gursharn , Wu Taoyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTree shape statistics provide valuable quantitative insights into evolutionary mechanisms underpinning phylogenetic trees, a commonly used graph representation of evolutionary relationships among taxonomic units ranging from viruses to species. We study two subtree counting statistics, the number of cherries and the number of pitchforks, for random phylogenetic trees generated by two widely used null tree models: the proportional to distinguishable arrangements (PDA) and the Yule-Harding-Kingman (YHK) models. By developing limit theorems for a version of extended Pólya urn models in which negative entries are permitted for their replacement matrices, we deduce the strong laws of large numbers and the central limit theorems for the joint distributions of these two counting statistics for the PDA and the YHK models. Our results indicate that the limiting behaviour of these two statistics, when appropriately scaled using the number of leaves in the underlying trees, is independent of the initial tree used in the tree generating process.
Implant-based immediate reconstruction in prophylactic mastectomy: is the caudal dermis flap a reliable alternative to synthetic mesh or acellular dermal matrix?
Authors: Heine N. , Hoesl V. , Seitz S. , Prantl L. , Brebant V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The demand for prophylactic mastectomy has increased significantly over the last 10 years. This can be explained by a substantial gain of knowledge about the clinical risk and outcome of patients with high risk mutations such as BRCA1 and 2, the improved diagnostic possibilities for detecting the genetic predisposition for the development of breast cancer and the awareness for those mutations by health care professionals as well as patients. In addition to expander-to-implant reconstruction and microsurgical flap surgery, definitive immediate reconstruction with subpectoral insertion of breast implants is often preferred. The prosthesis is covered at its inferior pole by a synthetic mesh or acellular dermal matrix. In these cases, in addition to the silicone prosthesis, a further foreign body must be implanted. This can be exposed in the event of wound healing disorder or necrosis of the usually thin soft tissue covering after subcutaneous mastectomy, thus calling into question the reconstructive result. In this study, the coverage of the lower pole by a caudal deepithelialized dermis flap, which allows the implant to be completely covered with well vascularized tissue, is compared to coverage by a synthetic mesh or acellular dermal matrix.

Patients and methods
From January 2014 to June 2020, 74 patients (106 breasts) underwent breast reconstruction following uni or bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. Reconstruction was performed with autologous tissue (15 breasts), with tissue expander or implant without implant support (15 breasts), with implant and use of an acellular dermal matrix or synthetic mesh (39 breasts) and with implant and caudal dermis flap (37 breasts).
In this study, we compared the patients with implant and dermal matrix/mesh to the group reconstructed with implant and dermal flap.

Results
In the group with the caudal dermis flap, 4 patients developed skin necrosis, which all healed conservatively due to the sufficient blood supply through the dermis flap. In the group with the use of a synthetic mesh or acellular dermal matrix, skin necrosis was found in three cases. In one of these patients the implant was exposed and had to be removed.

Discussion
For patients with excess skin or macromastia, the caudal dermis flap is a reliable and less expensive option for complete coverage of an implant after prophylactic mastectomy. In particular, the vascularized dermis flap can protect the implant from the consequences of skin necrosis after prophylactic mastectomy.
Characteristics of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy in glaucoma, optic nerve sheath meningioma, and sphenoid wing meningioma
Authors: Tonagel Felix , Wilhelm Helmut , Kelbsch Carina , Richter Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
The correct classification of a slowly progressing optic atrophy can be challenging. The aim of this work was to find out if the characteristics of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness loss differ between open angle glaucoma (POAG), optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM), and sphenoid wing meningioma (SWM).

Methods
A total of 45 patients with POAG, ONSM, and SWM were included in the retrospective study. The peripapillary RNFL thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was analyzed using the Heidelberg Engineering glaucoma module©.

Results
Each group consisted of 15 patients. The temporal sector of the RNFL thickness showed a median decrease of − 17 µm in glaucoma patients (range + 6/–34 µm), − 43 µm in ONSM (range − 19/ − 52 µm), and − 44 µm in SWM patients (range − 25/ − 52 µm). The RNFL thickness of the temporal sector of glaucoma patients differed significantly from the other groups (p < 0.001). All other sectors showed no significant difference between the 3 groups.

Conclusion
The peripapillary RNFL thickness of the temporal sector of patients with beginning to moderate POAG is usually inside normal limits or borderline. In contrast, patients with ONSM and SWM are much more likely to show a considerable reduction in RNFL thickness of the temporal sector. RNFL thickness of the temporal sector marked outside normal limits occurred exclusively in meningioma patients. Considering the presence of this condition as a predictor for meningioma, sensitivity and specificity were 0.8 and 1.0, respectively. In patients with significant reduction in RNFL thickness of the temporal sector, magnetic resonance imaging of the head should be considered to rule out compression of the optic nerves.
Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with Janus kinase inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: case presentation and literature review
Authors: Mori Shunsuke , Ogata Fumihiko , Tsunoda Ryusuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been developed as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Despite the positive therapeutic impacts of JAK inhibitors, concerns have been raised regarding the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A recent post hoc safety analysis of placebo-controlled trials of JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reported an imbalance in the incidence of VTE for a 4-mg daily dose of baricitinib versus placebo. In a recent postmarketing surveillance trial for RA, a significantly higher incidence of PE was reported in treatment with tofacitinib (10 mg twice daily) compared with tofacitinib 5 mg or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. We also experienced a case of massive PE occurring 3 months after starting baricitinib (4 mg once daily) for multiple biologic-resistant RA. Nevertheless, the evidence to support the role of JAK inhibitors in VTE risk remains insufficient. There are a number of predisposing conditions and risk factors for VTE. In addition to the known risk factors that can provoke VTE, advanced age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking can also contribute to its development. Greater VTE risk is noted in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions, particularly RA patients with uncontrolled disease activity and any comorbidity. Prior to the initiation of JAK inhibitors, clinicians should consider both the number and strength of VTE risk factors for each patient. In addition, clinicians should advise patients to seek prompt medical help if they develop clinical signs and symptoms that suggest VTE/PE.Key Points• Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially those with uncontrolled, high disease activity and those with comorbidities.• In addition to the well-known risk factors that provoke VTE events, advanced age and cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, should be considered risk factors for VTE.• Although a signal of VTE/pulmonary embolism (PE) risk with JAK inhibitors has been noted in RA patients who are already at high risk, the evidence is currently insufficient to support the increased risk of VTE during RA treatment with JAK inhibitors.• If there are no suitable alternatives, clinicians should prescribe JAK inhibitors with caution, considering both the strength of individual risk factors and the cumulative weight of all risk factors for each patient.