bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of preoperative echocardiography on surgical delays and outcomes among adults with hip fracture
Authors: Chang Justin S. , Ravi Bheeshma , Jenkinson Richard J. , Paterson J. Michael , Huang Anjie , Pincus Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Aims Echocardiography is commonly used in hip fracture patients to evaluate perioperative cardiac risk. However, echocardiography that delays surgical repair may be harmful. The objective of this study was to compare surgical wait times, mortality, length of stay (LOS), and healthcare costs for similar hip fracture patients evaluated with and without preoperative echocardiograms. Methods A population-based, matched cohort study of all hip fracture patients (aged over 45 years) in Ontario, Canada between 2009 and 2014 was conducted. The primary exposure was preoperative echocardiography (occurring between hospital admission and surgery). Mortality rates, surgical wait times, postoperative LOS, and medical costs (expressed as 2013$ CAN) up to one year postoperatively were assessed after propensity-score matching. Results A total of 2,354 of 42,230 (5.6%) eligible hip fracture patients received a preoperative echocardiogram during the study period. Echocardiography ordering practices varied among hospitals, ranging from 0% to 23.0% of hip fracture patients at different hospital sites. After successfully matching 2,298 (97.6%) patients, echocardiography was associated with significantly increased risks of mortality at 90 days (20.1% vs 16.8%; p = 0.004) and one year (32.9% vs 27.8%; p < 0.001), but not at 30 days (11.4% vs 9.8%; p = 0.084). Patients with echocardiography also had a mean increased delay from presentation to surgery (68.80 hours (SD 44.23) vs 39.69 hours (SD 27.09); p < 0.001), total LOS (19.49 days (SD 25.39) vs 15.94 days (SD 22.48); p < 0.001), and total healthcare costs at one year ($51,714.69 (SD 54,675.28) vs $41,861.47 (SD 50,854.12); p < 0.001). Conclusion Preoperative echocardiography for hip fracture patients is associated with increased postoperative mortality at 90 days and one year but not at 30 days. Preoperative echocardiography is also associated with increased surgical delay, postoperative LOS, and total healthcare costs at one year. Echocardiography should be considered an urgent test when ordered to prevent additional surgical delay. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):271–278.
Comparison of reconstructive techniques after acetabular resection for pelvic chondrosarcoma
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Wunder Jay S. , Abdel Matthew P. , Griffin Anthony M. , Hevesi Mario , Rose Peter S. , Ferguson Peter C. , Lewallen David G. 
Published: February 2021

AimsHip reconstruction after resection of a periacetabular chondrosarcoma is complex and associated with a high rate of complications. Previous reports have compared no reconstruction with historical techniques that are no longer used. The aim of this study was to compare the results of tantalum acetabular reconstruction to both historical techniques and no reconstruction.MethodsWe reviewed 66 patients (45 males and 21 females) with a mean age of 53 years (24 to 81) who had undergone acetabular resection for chondrosarcoma. A total of 36 patients (54%) underwent acetabular reconstruction, most commonly with a saddle prosthesis (n = 13; 36%) or a tantalum total hip arthroplasty (THA) (n = 10; 28%). Mean follow-up was nine years (SD 4).ResultsThere was no difference in the mean age (p = 0.63), sex (p = 0.110), tumour volume (p = 0.646), or type of resection carried out (p > 0.05) between patients with and without reconstruction. Of the original 66 patients, 61 (92%) were ambulant at final follow-up. There was no difference in the proportion of patients who could walk in the reconstruction and 'no reconstruction' groups (p = 0.649). There was no difference in the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score between patients who were reconstructed and those who were not (61% vs 56%; p = 0.378). Patients with a tantalum THA had a significantly (p = 0.015) higher mean MSTS score (78%) than those who were reconstructed with a saddle prosthesis (47%) or who had not been reconstructed (56%). Patients who had undergone reconstruction were more likely to have complications (81% vs 53%; p = 0.033).ConclusionReconstruction after resection of the acetabulum is technically demanding. In selected cases, reconstruction is of benefit, especially when reconstruction is by tantalum THA; however, the follow-up for these patients remains mid-term. When not feasible, patients with no reconstruction have an acceptable functional outcome. Level of Evidence: Level III Therapeutic. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):391–397.
Hip arthroscopy following slipped capital femoral epiphysis fixation: Chondral damage and labral tears findings
Authors: Besomi Javier , Escobar Valeria , Alvarez Santiago , Valderrama Juanjose , Lopez Jaime , Mella Claudio , Lara Joaquin , Meneses Claudio 
Published: February 2021

Purpose This study investigated the association between chondrolabral damage and time to arthroscopic surgery for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Methods This was a descriptive retrospective study that enrolled patients with SCFE who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoral osteochondroplasty after SCFE fixation. SCFE type, time from SCFE symptom onset or slip fixation surgery to hip arthroscopy and intraarticular arthroscopic findings were recorded. Acetabular chondrolabral damage was evaluated according to the Konan and Outerbridge classification systems. Nested analysis of variance and the chi-squared test were used for statistical analyses. Results We analyzed 22 cases of SCFE in 17 patients (five bilateral). The mean age at the time of hip arthroscopy was 13.6 years-old (8–20), and mean time from SCFE fixation to arthroscopy was 25.1 months (3 weeks to 8 years). Labral frying was present in 20 cases, labral tears in 16 and acetabular chondral damage in 17. The most frequent lesion was type 3 (41%) (Konan classification). Two cases had a grade III and 1 had a grade II acetabular chondral lesion (Outerbridge classification). Positive associations were observed between time from SCFE to hip arthroscopy and hip intraarticular lesions evaluated using Konan (p = 0.004) and Outerbridge (p = 0.000) classification systems. There was no association between SCFE severity (chi-squared = 0.315), stability (chi-squared = 0.558) or temporality (chi-squared = 0.145) type and hip intraarticular lesions. Conclusion A longer time from SCFE symptom onset and fixation to hip arthroscopy is associated with greater acetabular chondrolabral damage. Level of evidence IV
Can barb thread design improve the pullout strength of bone screws?
Authors: Feng Xiaoreng , Qi Weichen , Fang Christian X. , Lu William W. , Leung Frankie K. L. , Chen Bin 
Published: February 2021

AimsTo draw a comparison of the pullout strengths of buttress thread, barb thread, and reverse buttress thread bone screws.MethodsButtress thread, barb thread, and reverse buttress thread bone screws were inserted into synthetic cancellous bone blocks. Five screw-block constructs per group were tested to failure in an axial pullout test. The pullout strengths were calculated and compared. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to explore the underlying failure mechanisms. FEA models of the three different screw-bone constructs were developed. A pullout force of 250 N was applied to the screw head with a fixed bone model. The compressive and tensile strain contours of the midsagittal plane of the three bone models were plotted and compared.ResultsThe barb thread demonstrated the lowest pullout strength (mean 176.16 N (SD 3.10)) among the three thread types. It formed a considerably larger region with high tensile strains and a slightly smaller region with high compressive strains within the surrounding bone structure. The reverse buttress thread demonstrated the highest pullout strength (mean 254.69 N (SD 4.15)) among the three types of thread. It formed a considerably larger region with high compressive strains and a slightly smaller region with high tensile strains within the surrounding bone structure.ConclusionBone screws with a reverse buttress thread design will significantly increase the pullout strength. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(2):105–112.
Medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee: a review of surgical options
Authors: McCormack Daniel J. , Puttock Darren , Godsiff Steven P. 
Published: February 2021

Osteoarthritis of the medial compartment, where the lateral compartment and patella-femoral joint are relatively spared, is a common orthopaedic presentation. Most frequently, the treatment of choice would be a total knee replacement, which involves removing healthy joint surfaces in such patients. Arthroscopic debridement in the osteoarthritic knee has fallen out of favour due to poor clinical results. A trend has developed towards less invasive surgery with uni-compartmental knee replacement (UKR) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) gaining increasing popularity. Surgeons differ in their relative indications and contraindications to performing these procedures. Total knee replacement (TKR) continues to have the lowest overall revision rate of the available options. Growing evidence demonstrates more favourable patient-reported outcome measures in UKR and HTO patients, compared to TKR. Knee joint distraction (KJD) has been demonstrated as an alternative method of treatment in such patients. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:113-117. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200102
Emotional discourses in the courtroom: women’s empowerment work in honour-related trials
Authors: Rosquist Johan 
Published: February 2021

The article investigates emotional exchanges as manifestations of power through emotional body language. Subtle as well as obvious displays of emotion are related to the macro political renegotiation of power relations taking place out of court in light of the court case. The testimonies of women in trials investigating honour-related crimes include emotional displays of contempt, friendly intimacy, anger and resignation, each connecting to the sociology of emotions theories primarily of Clark, Katriel and Hochschild. These theories are in turn connected to the critical discourse analysis of Fairclough.
When emotions are analysed through the lens of critical discourse analysis as social practices manifested through (body) language, it highlights the significance and implications of emotions as signifiers of change. The empirical study suggests that critical discourse analysis and emotions theories analysing (body) language are both theoretically and empirically interconnected. This lays theoretical as well as methodological foundations for future studies, addressing the connection between emotions, discourse and power.
Children as messengers of health knowledge? Impact of health promotion and water infrastructure in schools on facial cleanliness and trachoma in the community
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Munoz Beatriz , Mkocha Harran , Wolle Meraf A. , K. West Sheila 
Published: February 2021

Background
Health promotion is essential to the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination. Schools are a valuable venue for health promotion. However, there is little literature about the impact of health education and water infrastructure in schools on facial cleanliness and trachoma in the community. Our study aimed to describe the current state of school health promotion in Kongwa, Tanzania, and to examine the transferability of health messages from schools to the community at large.

Methodology/Findings
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in all 92 villages in Kongwa district, which included 85 primary schools. Data were collected on health messages and water infrastructure in the schools. A random sample of 3084 children aged 0–5 were examined for facial cleanliness in all villages. In 50 villages, a random sample of 50 children aged 1–9 per village were examined for follicular trachoma (TF). Thirty-seven (44.6%) schools had educational materials on face-washing. Fifty (60.2%) schools had a washing station. The presence of a health teacher was correlated with having posters on face washing in classrooms. The presence of face-washing materials was correlated with the availability of washing stations. Neither teachers mentioning face-washing in health curricula nor educational materials in classrooms were associated with clean faces or trachoma in the community. Having a washing station in the school was associated with lower community rates of trachoma.

Conclusions
Primary school health messages and materials on trachoma were not associated with clean faces or lower rates of trachoma in the community. The target audience for primary school health promotion is likely the students themselves, without immediate rippling effects in the community. A long-term perspective should be considered during the implementation of health promotion in schools. The goal of school health promotion should be training the next generation of parents and community health leaders in combatting trachoma.
Assessing the Impact of Social Innovation Education on Student’s Engagement
Authors: Kalemaki Irene , Garefi Ioanna , Protopsaltis Aristidis 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the findings of the H2020 NEMESIS project that aims to design, test and validate a consolidated approach for embedding Social Innovation in Education. Social Innovation Education (SIE) is a new educational approach that aims to empower students to take action for a more democratic and sustainable society. During the academic year 2018-2019, eight schools from five European countries applied the NEMESIS SIE framework by involving 56 teachers, 1030 students and 69 community members in a variety of SIE approaches. This paper reports on these attempts with a particular focus on analysing their impact on student’s engagement. Data were retrieved through focus groups with 80 people, an online survey to 206 students, interviews, classroom observations and students’ narratives. Research findings suggested positive outcomes for students in terms of emotional, cognitive, behavioural and agentic engagement. Findings also showed a positive influence of SIE on the cultivation and progression of students’ social innovation competences. These initial findings have the potential to pave the way for more research in the under investigated field of SIE as well as to encourage policies and initiatives for promoting social innovation in education.
THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS IS A PROMISING TOOL WHEN PROCESSING DATA AND MAKING DECISIONS IN PSYCHIATRY
Authors: Mitikhin Vyacheslav , Solokhina Tatyana 
Published: February 2021

Objectives. Formation of results of processing of rank (clinical, psychometric) information in the scale of relations [1] based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP, Saaty T. L., 2008).

Methods. Clinical, psychometric, statistical and AHP algorithms.

Results. When evaluating a patient's state, decisions must be made based on clinical, psychometric, social, and neurobiological characteristics. These characteristics correspond to measurement scales: categorical, rank (dimensional, psychometric), and relationship scales. Only the latter are numerical, so it is not possible [1] to create correct models of states taking into account neurobiological indicators. Rank estimates do not allow calculating even average values.
Analysis of the problems of evaluating psychopathological states on the basis of categorical and rank scales shows that these problems can be presented in the form of appropriate hierarchies, the structure of which must be taken into account when processing initial information [1]. Therefore, the use of the AHP tools in these situations is most natural. The implementation of AHP procedures for processing rank information is based on the application of the AHP normative approach. In [1], using the simplest examples of General medical significance, the technique of using the AHP normative approach is demonstrated. In practice, both individual doctor evaluations (personalized patient management method) and average expert evaluations (team method) can be used.

Conclusions. The AHP approach is promising when constructing integral models of the corresponding processes and correctly using the resulting estimates in practice and research. References. 1. Mitikhin V.G., Solokhina T.A.
S.S. Korsakov

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 119(2): 49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149
Economic Evaluation of Hazard Control Technology in a Wet Process Cement Plant
Authors: Akinyemi Olasunkanmi Oriola , Adeyemi Hezekiah Oluwole , Sulaiman Musediq Adedoyin , Sadiq Ademola Oluwafemi , Folorunsho Olaolu , Akintan Adeshinaayomi Lawal 
Published: February 2021

Goal: Retrofit technology has been suggested for the reduction of CO2 emission in cement manufacturing but the economic justification of this retrofit technology is rarely or not available. This research study aimed to evaluate the beneficial value of retrofit technology aimed at reducing CO2 emission in a wet process cement plant.
Design / Methodology / Approach: Engineering Economic and cost estimation techniques were used to evaluate the overall annual cost of combination of retrofit technology. The overall annual cost of retrofit technology was determined in terms of capital cost, operation and maintenance cost and energy cost savings of retrofit.
Results: The best strategy to reduce CO2 emission is the combination of adjustable speed drive for kiln; kiln drive efficiency improvement for kiln and process control and management system for kiln at 6% reduction target, giving a cost savings of $520,836 on retrofit for 10years and 1.41% reduction in total cost.
Limitations of the investigation: Getting adequate plant data in Nigeria was a constraint during the research.
Practical implications: The results presented if implemented by Cement plant operators will ensure reduction in the CO2 emission and government can enforce Cement plant operators to adhere to strict environmental and safety regulations while litigations and sanctions can be employed to implements this policy.
Originality / Value: The study established economic justification of retrofit technology for CO2 emission reduction before eventual implementation.
Particle Tracking Model Approach for Analyzing Crude Oil Spill (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) in Bayur Bay Based on Navier Stokes Discrete
Authors: Ondara Koko , Wisha Ulung Jantama , Panjaitan Serli Marlinda 
Published: February 2021

Oil spilled in the marine ecosystem may be induced by some sources which alter over time and location. Oil leakage from offshore oil drilling, underwater oil pipeline leakage, etc., are the possible source of oil spill pollution. Marine pollution generated by oil spilling occurred in Padang City in 2017. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) spilled within Bayur Bay Harbor due to a leaking storage tank. As much as 50 tons of PFAD overflowed and commenced to pollute Bayur coastal bay. This study aimed to determine the distribution pattern of oil spills throughout the Bayur Bay based on a hydrodynamical model. We employed some oceanographic data and PFAD characteristics obtained directly from survey results. We simulated the particle tracking model for 30 days since the PFAD spilled within the port. The model developed applied the Least Square method to analyze tidal data and a flexible mesh as a model basis, while the governing equation used is Navier Stoke discrete. During a month of simulation, the dominant particles' distribution is still spinning around the Bayur Bay due to the weak current characteristics with the magnitude ranging from 0.02-0.06 m/s. The lighter PFAD particle mass tended to move faster throughout the bay and settled in the coastal area. It will pollute the coastal system even though it is going to be decomposed chemically in the sediment.
Distribusi Vertikal Logam Pb, Zn, Cr dan Keterkaitannya Terhadap Karbon Organik Sedimen di Pantai Marunda, Jakarta
Authors: Nurhidayah Triyanti , Maslukah Lilik , Wulandari Sri Yulina , Kurnia Kurnia 
Published: February 2021

Pantai Marunda terletak di Teluk Jakarta dan berdekatan dengan muara Sungai Tiram. Kegiatan antropogenik di sekitar Pantai Marunda sangat tinggi, sehingga dapat menyumbang limbah yang mengandung logam berat Pb, Zn dan Cr. Limbah logam berat yang terakumulasi dalam perairan, akan mengendap dalam sedimen dan seiring berjalannya waktu akan mengalami peningkatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui konsentrasi Pb, Zn, dan Cr berdasarkan kedalaman vertikal, hubungannya dengan karbon organik total (KOT) dan ukuran butir sedimen di Pantai Marunda. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan polietylen sediment core dan dipisahkan berdasarkan kedalamannya (1-3 cm, 4-6 cm, dan 7-9 cm). Logam berat dalam sedimen dianalisis menggunakan metode destruksi asam dan diukur nilai absorbansinya menggunakan AAS, karbon organik total menggunakan metode loss of ignition (LOI) dan analisa tekstur sedimen dengan metode pengayakan dilanjutkan pemipetan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi rerata logam berat Pb, Zn, Cr secara berurutan pada lapisan atas sebesar 5,14; 107,19; dan 12,79 ppm, lapisan tengah sebesar 4,41; 100,20; 12,28 ppm serta lapisan bawah sebesar 4,8; 101,30; 14,10 ppm. Logam berat Zn dan Cr berkorelasi positif kuat terhadap KOT dan persentase lumpur, sedangkan terhadap Pb berkorelasi negatif. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa distribusi logam berat Pb, Zn dan Cr secara vertikal menunjukkan konsentrasi tinggi pada lapisan permukaan yaitu pada kedalaman sedimen 1-3 cm dan keberadaanya ditentukan oleh konsesntrasi KOT dan fraksi sedimen jenis lumpur. The Marunda Beach is located on the Jakarta Bay and adjacent to the mouth of the Tiram River. Anthropogenic activity around Marunda Beach is very high, so it can contribute the heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr. The heavy metal will accumulate in the sediment and over time will be increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of Pb, Zn, Cr, and their relationship to total organic carbon (TOC) and the grain size. Sediment samples were taken using polyethylene cores and this sample separated based on their depth (1-3 cm, 4-6 cm, and 7-9 cm). The heavy metals were analyzed using acid destruction and absorbance values were measured using AAS, TOC using the loss of ignition (LOI) and sediment texture with a sifting method, followed by pipetting. The results showed that the average concentration of Pb, Zn, Cr in the upper layer was 5.14; 107.19; 12.79 ppm, in the middle layer of 4.41; 100.20; 12.28 ppm and in the lower layer 4.8; 101.30; 14.10 ppm, respectively. Zn and Cr are strongly positively correlated to TOC and mud, and vice versa, the relationship to Pb is negative. The results of this study found that the vertical distribution of Pb, Zn and Cr was high in the surface layer (1-3 cm) and their presence was determined by TOC concentration and mud fraction.