bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aux armes citoyens !
Authors: de Monicault Jean 
Published: September 2021

Quelle forme prendrait aujourd’hui une « mobilisation générale » ? Depuis la suspension de la conscription, la mobilisation de masse n’est plus d’actualité. Les menaces contemporaines sont davantage hybrides, plus complexes. Les crises sont multiformes et appellent des besoins dans des champs dépassant la stricte sécurité. Elles touchent de nouveaux domaines dans lesquels les moyens de l’État sont parfois très inférieurs à ceux du privé. Une réflexion est donc nécessaire pour une meilleure coordination et coopération entre la puissance publique et les acteurs privés. Chercher à lever les freins organisationnels, culturels et normatifs est autant un enjeu opérationnel de gestion de crise qu’un impératif d’unité nationale et de cohésion sociale.
Puissance publique et santé environnementale en France : ruptures et mutations dans la longue durée
Authors: Griset Pascal 
Published: September 2021

La question de la santé environnementale s’inscrit dans la longue durée. Trois périodes peuvent être distinguées pour comprendre comment cette question, se situant à la convergence de multiples domaines, devient un enjeu sociétal de tout premier plan : tout d’abord, le temps de l’industrialisation et de la « Révolution pastorienne », qui voit un développement symétrique de la connaissance et une perception plus forte des pollutions et des dangers liés à l’utilisation de certains produits ; et, ensuite, la seconde moitié du XX e siècle, où l’affirmation des technosciences permet d’envisager la santé humaine de manière différente. Avec les vaccins et les antibiotiques, la médecine semble entrer dans un âge d’or. Les questions d’environnement, qui sont par ailleurs prises en compte de manière de plus en plus forte, ne sont que rarement connectées explicitement à des questions de santé publique. Enfin, à partir des années 1980, ce « tournant environnemental » concerne de manière croissante la santé. Ce qui n’était pas détecté ou était négligé est désormais étudié et quantifié. La médecine intègre de manière croissante les risques environnementaux dans l’ensemble des espaces de vie, y compris le lieu de travail.
The Loss of H3K27 Histone Demethylase Utx in T Cells Aggravates Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Inoue Takashi , Omori-Miyake Miyuki , Maruyama Saho , Okabe Masataka , Kuwahara Makoto , Honda Hiroaki , Miura Hiromasa , Yamashita Masakatsu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) requires the activation of Ag-specific T cells, including effector and regulatory T cells. The differentiation and function of these T cells is epigenetically regulated through DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, the roles of altered histone H3K27 methylation in T cells in the development of ACD remain unknown. Two types of histone H3K27 demethylases, Utx and Jmjd3, have been reported in mammals. To determine the role of the histone H3K27 demethylase expression of T cells in the development of ACD, we generated T cell–specific, Utx-deficient (Utx KO) mice or Jmjd3-deficient (Jmjd3 KO) mice. Unlike control mice, Utx KO mice had severer symptoms of ACD, whereas Jmjd3 KO mice showed symptoms identical to those in control mice. In Utx KO mice with ACD, the massive infiltration of myeloid cells, including neutrophils and dendritic cells, has been observed. In addition, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CD4+ T cells of the draining lymph nodes (LNs) and in CD8+ T cells of the skin was increased in Utx KO mice, whereas the ratio of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells to Foxp3− conventional CD4+ T cells was decreased in both the draining LNs and the skin of Utx KO mice with ACD. Furthermore, Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells of Utx KO mice with ACD expressed a decreased level of CCR4 (a skin-tropic chemokine receptor) in comparison with control. Thus, in CD4+ T cells, Utx could potentially be involved in the regulation of the pathogenesis of ACD.
Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Regulates Dendritic Cell Metabolic Programing and T Cell Priming Function
Authors: Garcia Cruz Dunia , Giri Raghavendra R , Gamiotea Turro Daylin , Balsbaugh Jeremy L , Adler Adam J , Rodriguez Annabelle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Deficiency of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) is significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk with in vitro results demonstrating increased TNF-α and decreased IL-10 secretion from LAG3-deficient human B lymphoblasts. The hypothesis tested in this study was that Lag3 deficiency in dendritic cells (DCs) would significantly affect cytokine expression, alter cellular metabolism, and prime naive T cells to greater effector differentiation. Experimental approaches used included differentiation of murine bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) to measure secreted cytokines, cellular metabolism, RNA sequencing, whole cell proteomics, adoptive OT-II CD4+Lag3+/+ donor cells into wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and Lag3−/− recipient mice, and ex vivo measurements of IFN-γ from cultured splenocytes. Results showed that Lag3−/− BMDCs secreted more TNF-α, were more glycolytic, used fewer fatty acids for mitochondrial respiration, and glycolysis was significantly reduced by exogenous IL-10 treatment. Under basal conditions, RNA sequencing revealed increased expression of CD40 and CD86 and other cytokine-signaling targets as compared with WT. Whole cell proteomics identified a significant number of proteins up- and downregulated in Lag3−/− BMDCs, with significant differences noted in exogenous IL-10 responsiveness compared with WT cells. Ex vivo, IFN-γ expression was significantly higher in Lag3−/− mice as compared with WT. With in vivo adoptive T cell and in vitro BMDC:T coculture experiments, Lag3−/− BMDCs showed greater T cell effector differentiation and proliferation, respectively, compared with WT BMDCs. In conclusion, Lag3 deficiency in DCs is associated with an inflammatory phenotype that provides a plausible mechanism for increased cardiovascular disease risk in humans with LAG3 deficiency.
Contralateral pneumothorax after central line placement in COVID-19 positive patients
Authors: Swezey Elizabeth , Oster Scott , McGhee Kathryn , Edgecombe Luke , DiGiacomo Jody , Angus L. D. George 
Published: September 2021

Contralateral pneumothorax after percutaneous central venous catheter placement has not been previously reported. Three patients who required intubation and mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 were identified with a new pneumothorax on routine post-placement chest roentgenogram on the side opposite the catheter placement. Retrospective review of charts, radiographs, and laboratory studies. No causative relationship was identified between the percutaneous placement of the central venous catheters and the subsequent pneumothoraces identified on the contralateral side, other than the presence of active COVID-19 viral pneumonia. The timing of the contralateral pneumothoraces were coincidental the placement of the central venous catheters. We believe these pneumothoraces were a consequence of the pulmonary pathology of the COVID-19 virus.
Prognostic Significance of Absolute Lymphocyte Count, Absolute Neutrophil Count, and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in COVID-19
Authors: Padmaprakash K. V. , Ashta Kuldeep Kumar , Raman Nishant , Vardhan Vasu , Thareja Sandeep , Muthukrishnan J. , Rajmohan KS , Dubey Sudhir , Nauhwaar Dheeraj , Kumar Abhinav , Basavaraj P. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Effective triage of COVID-19 patients, especially in resource-limited settings, requires cost-effective and readily available markers. The present study looks at the prognostic role of three such laboratory parameters, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).

Methodology:
A retrospective cohort study was done including 328 COVID-19 reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction-confirmed hospitalized patients aged 18 and above in a tertiary center in northern India. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were collected on the day of admission. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, sensitivity–specificity analysis for optimum cutoffs, multiple logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results:
The median age of the patients was 45 with 266 (81.1%) males and 62 (18.9%) females. A total of 109 (33.2%) patients were affected with moderate to severe disease. Forty-nine (14.9%) patients had fatal outcomes. Median ALC was lower in patients with moderate to severe disease compared to mild disease (895 vs. 1554.2) and in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (732.0 vs. 1423.9). Median ANC (5182.8 vs. 3057.6) and NLR (5.38 vs. 2.03) were significantly raised in patients with moderate to severe disease as against mild disease and in nonsurvivors(ANC 7040.25 vs. 3448.5, NLR 10.05 vs. 2.35). ALC <1273, ANC >3907, and NLR >2.74 showed considerable sensitivity and specificity for disease severity at admission. ALC and ANC were significantly associated with the odds of moderate to severe disease at admission in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. ALC <1183, ANC >4612, and NLR >3.76 had good sensitivity and specificity as predictors of mortality and emerged as independent risk factors for mortality in the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Conclusion:
ALC, ANC, and NLR are relatively cost-effective and readily available routine investigations obtained as a part of complete blood count. These indices show good prognostic significance. Their utility in clinical algorithms can better guide management of patients.
Production et gestion des huiles usées de la ville de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Yelemou Barthélémy , Gnamou Honoré , Yameogo Georges 
Published: September 2021

La production des déchets est inhérente aux activités humaines, qu’elles soient domestiques, agricoles, industrielles ou commerciales. A la faveur d’une urbanisation galopante et de ses corollaires, l’assainissement et la gestion des déchets sont devenus des préoccupations importantes. Si la situation de déchets ménagers semble connaître une évolution dans la capitale burkinabé, ce n’est pas le cas pour les déchets des industries et des transports comme les huiles usées. Ce travail avait pour objectif d’étudier la production et la gestion des huiles usées dans la ville de Ouagadougou. La méthodologie de cette étude a été basée sur des observations et des enquêtes spécifiques auprès des groupes cibles. Les résultats obtenus ont montré qu’environ 5 721 459,45 litres d’huiles usée ont été générées à Ouagadougou en 2017. Les huiles usées sont exportées à 11%, utilisées par l’industrie locale à 67% et à 22% à des fins personnelles diverses. Les conséquences sont diverses sur l’environnement. Il apparaît nécessaire vu les différents usages prohibés que le domaine soit mieux réglementé.
Waste generation is inherent in human activities, whether domestic, agricultural, industrial or commercial. Thanks to rampant urbanization and its corollaries, sanitation and waste management have become major concerns. While the household waste situation seems to be changing in the Burkinabé capital, this is not the case for industrial and transport waste such as used oils. This work aimed at studying the production and management of used oils in the city of Ouagadougou. The methodology of this study was based on observations and surveys specific to the target groups. The results obtained showed that approximately 5,721,459.45 liters of used oil are generated in Ouagadougou. Used oils are exported at 11%, used by local industry at 67% and 22% for various personal purposes. The consequences for the environment are diverse. It appears necessary, given the various prohibited uses, for the area to be better regulated.
Caractéristiques morphologique et histologique des gonades de Pseudotolithus elongatus (Bowdich, 1825) de la lagune Ebrié en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kone Tiéhoua , Amon Yao Nicolas , Kouakou Irène Kessia Fokouo , N’da Konan 
Published: September 2021

Pseudotolithus elongatus est un poisson régulièrement rencontré dans les débarquements de la pêche artisanale et commerciale pratiquée en lagune Ebrié. Cependant, en Côte d’Ivoire aucune étude n’a encore été menée sur cette espèce bien qu’elle ait une valeur commerciale élevée et qu’elle soit beaucoup prisée par la population. Du fait de l'intérêt commercial que présente P. elongatus, l'étude de sa reproduction est nécessaire si l'on souhaite assurer la pérennité de l’espèce et satisfaire le consommateur. L’étude de la morphologie et de l’histologie des gonades a été basée sur la taille, la forme, la coloration la présence ou l’absence d’ovocytes mûrs, le diamètre des ovocytes et l’observation histologique. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé six stades de maturation des gonades avec une gamétogenèse continue observée chez cette espèce. L’ensemble de ces informations contribueront à pérenniser l’espèce par une gestion rationnelle du stock.

English title: Morphological and histological characteristics of the gonads of pseudotolithus elongatus (Bowdich, 1825), from Ebrié lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire
Pseudotolithus elongatus is a fish regularly met in the landings of the artisanal and commercial fishing on Ebrie lagoon. However, in Ivory Coast no study has been conducted on this species although it has a high commercial value and it is very appreciated by the people. Because of the commercial interest of P. elongatus studying its reproduction is necessary if one wishes to improve operations in order to ensure the sustainability of the species and satisfy the consumer. The studies of gonads morphology and histology of Pseudotolithus elongatus was based on the size, shape, staining of the gonads, the presence or absence of ripe oocytes, the diameter of the oocytes and the histological observation. The results obtained indicate six stages of gonad maturation with continuous gametogenesis observed in this species. All of this information will contribute to perpetuate this species through rational management of the stock.
Diagnostique de production de l’oignon dans la partie Septentrionale du Cameroun
Authors: Dinissia Jérémie , Tcheunteu Lucien Tatchum , Maimouna Abba , Hawaou  , Alium Habib , Nwaga Dieudonné , Megueni Clautide 
Published: September 2021

Oignon (Allium cepa L.) est une culture maraîchère présentant un atout économique important pour les paysans Camerounais. Cette étude visait à faire un diagnostic de production de l’oignon dans la partie Septentrionale du Cameroun afin de développer des stratégies d’amélioration durable de cette filière. Une enquête a été menée pour déterminer le profil des acteurs de la filière oignon, les variétés cultivées, les techniques culturales ainsi que les contraintes de production. Les enquêtes s’étaient déroulées en 2017 auprès des acteurs de la filière oignon. L’échantillonnage était constitué de 60 personnes dans chacune des trois régions du Grand Nord Cameroun, soit un échantillonnage global de 180 personnes. Les résultats montrent que la plupart des acteurs sont des producteurs et sont 1,47 fois plus nombreux que les commerçants. 04 variétés d’oignon sont cultivées : Goudami, Chagari, Belami et violet de Galmi. La variété Goudami avait un rendement en bulbe élevé (10 à 35 t/ha), une durée de conservation des bulbes plus importante et est la plus cultivée. La quasi-totalité (69%) des producteurs utilise les engrais chimiques pour améliorer le rendement de cette culture. Ces informations serviront de base de données dans le programme de perfectionnement de la filière oignon au Cameroun.
English title: Diagnosis of onion production in the Northern Part of Cameroon
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a market garden crop that is a major economic asset for Cameroonian farmers. This study aimed at diagnosing onion production in the Northern part of Cameroon in order to develop strategies for onion sustainable improvement. A survey was conducted to determine the actors profile relative to onion sector, varieties grown, crop techniques as well as production constraints. The surveys were conducted in 2017 among actors of onion sector. The sample consisted of 60 people in each of the three regions of Far North Cameroon, for an overall sample of 180 people. The results shown that most of the actors are producers, they are 1.47 folds greater than traders. Four onion varieties are grown in the Northern part of Cameroon: Goudami, Chagari, Belami and Galmi violet. The Goudami variety presents high bulb yield (10 to 35 t/ha) and longer bulb shelf life, and is the most widely cultivated. Almost all (69%) of the producers use chemical fertilizers to improve onion growth. This information will be used as a database to improve the performance of onion sector in Cameroon.
Roles y prácticas educativas en el proceso de inclusión de estudiantes con dificultades de comunicación
Authors: Figueroa María Julieta Maldonado , Leyva María Angélica Quiroz , Antonio Gamboa Robles Marco , Corral Dinorah Burgos 
Published: September 2021

Las prácticas docentes inclusivas para abordar los problemas de lenguaje más comunes en una escuela regular y su proceso de intervención lo realiza la Unidad de Servicio de Apoyo a la Educación Regular (USAER), desde el área de comunicación, por lo cual, el estudio se perfila a las estrategias didácticas que favorecen el nivel fonológico en alumnos que presentan dislalia funcional. Las prácticas docentes del especialista logopeda, se traducen en acciones inclusivas que atienden el trastorno lingüístico como una necesidad actual de relevancia, sobre todo en aquellos alumnos que lo presentan por rotacismo, es decir, con dificultad con el fonema r en todas sus dimensiones, siendo éste, el de mayor grado de dificultad, debido al proceso de maduración fisiológica. Por lo tanto, favorecer y proporcionar herramientas que permitan minimizar y posiblemente erradicar dichas dificultades, implica indagar acerca de la estrategia inclusiva que permitirá de una manera atractiva e innovadora, estimular la producción del lenguaje. Para esto, el diseño de programas específicos, aplicación de diversas pruebas estandarizadas para evaluar el lenguaje, entrevistas, cuadernos de seguimiento para casa y registros anecdóticos, fungen como instrumentos de recogida de datos eficaz para elegir la estrategia de intervención efectiva para el estudio en cuestión.

The inclusive teaching practices to address the most common language problems in a regular school and its intervention process is carried out by the Unit of Support Service to Regular Education (USAER), from the area of communication, therefore, the study is profiled to didactic strategies that favor the phonological level in students who present functional dyslalia. The teaching practices of the speech therapist specialist, are translated into inclusive actions that address the linguistic disorder as a current need of relevance, especially in those students who present it by rotacism, that is, with difficulty with the phoneme r in all its dimensions, this being the one with the highest degree of difficulty, due to the physiological maturation process. Therefore, favoring and providing tools that allow minimizing and possibly eradicating such difficulties, implies investigating about the inclusive strategy that will allow, in an attractive and innovative way, stimulating the production of language. For this purpose, the design of specific programs, the application of various standardized tests to evaluate language, interviews, home follow-up notebooks and anecdotal records, serve as effective data collection instruments to choose the effective intervention strategy for the study in question.
Proyecto cubiertas mosaico. Hagamos sostenibles nuestras cubiertas Barcelona + sostenible: proyectos por el clima
Authors: Diez Lluïsa Arranz 
Published: September 2021

Con motivo de la celebración en París de la 21a Conferencia, de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, donde se reúnen los 196 Estados que la han ratificado, para conseguir un nuevo acuerdo internacional aplicable a todos los países, con el objetivo de mantener el calentamiento global por debajo de los 2°C, 800 entidades ciudadanas vinculadas a la red B+S, firman el Compromiso Ciudadano por la Sostenibilidad 2012-2022 con el Ayuntamiento de Bcn.
En el otoño de 2015, 9 equipos que han trabajado 9 proyectos, elaboran un documento marco, el “Compromiso de Bcn por el Clima”[1], incluyendo una primera hoja de ruta para el 2015-2017, con la acción colectiva de conseguir que, para el año 2030, Bcn haya reducido un 40% sus emisiones de CO2, aumentando 1 m2 de verde urbano por habitante.
Cubierta ajardinada

[1] Ayuntamiento de Barcelona (2015). Compromiso de Barcelona por el clima 2015-2017.
www.ajuntament.barcelona.cat/premsa/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Compromis_Bcn_Clima.pdf
PERCUBAAN FAHAMAN KOMUNIS MENGUASAI PARTI KEBANGSAAN MELAYU MALAYA (PKMM)
Authors: AHMAD MOHD ABDUL AZIZ , AHMAD MOKHTARRUDIN 
Published: September 2021

Penyebaran fahaman komunis di Tanah Melayu dilakukan oleh Parti Komunis Malaya (PKM), fahaman komunis pada peringkat awalnya disebarkan di kalangan masyarakat Cina sahaja, kemudiannya mereka menyebarkan fahaman mereka kepada masyarakat Melayu. Fahaman komunis disebarkan kepada masyarakat Melayu melalui dua kaedah. Pertama, penyebaran secara langsung kepada orang Melayu (propaganda atau penyebaran ideologi komunis dilakukan secara terus melalui Parti Komunis Malaya); dan kedua, melalui penguasaan parti politik Melayu (menguasai parti politik Melayu dan menyebarkan ideologi komunis dalam parti politik Melayu tersebut). Kajian mengenai kaedah pertama sudah banyak dihasilkan oleh penyelidik sebelum ini. Oleh itu, artikel ini bermatlamat meneliti kaedah kedua komunis iaitu melalui penguasaan parti politik Melayu iaitu Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM). Perkara yang menjadi persoalan kajian ialah sejauh manakah fahaman komunis berjaya menguasai PKMM? Bagi menjawab persoalan kajian, kaedah kualitatif digunakan berdasarkan kepada analisis teks bertemakan sejarah politik. Hasil analisis ini pengkaji telah mendapati fahaman komunis tidak dapat menguasai kepimpinan dan dasar parti kerana dalam PKMM mempunya tiga aliran iaitu aliran nasionalis, aliran agama dan aliran komunis. Aliran yang menguasai kepimpinan adalah aliran nasionalis dan agama. Kegagalan fahaman komunis menguasai PKMM juga disebabkan oleh kerjasama yang terjalin antara mereka adalah atas sebab kepentingan masing-masing.

The spread of communism in Malaya was undertaken by the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). The movements of communism were initially diffused only among the Chinese community, then later on to the other communities. Communism was disseminated to the communities through two methods. Firstly, the ideology was spread directly to the Malays (the propaganda of communist ideology was made directly through the Malayan Communist Party); and secondly, it was carried out through the control of Malay political parties (by dominating the Malay political parties and spread the communist ideology in the Malay political parties). The study of the first method has been widely produced by the researchers before. Therefore, this article aims to examine the second method utilized by the communists to control the Malay political party, Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM). A question arises as to what extent the communists successfully gained control of PKMM? To answer the research question, a qualitative method is used based on the analysis of political history themed texts. The result of the analysis, researcher found that communists did not dominate the leadership and policy of the party for PKMM consists of three streams which are the nationalist, religious and communist streams. The streams that took control of the leadership are the streams of nationalism and religion. The failure of communists to dominate PKMM was due to the cooperation linked between them and also because each of the streams cared for their own interests.