bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast and Ultrastable Heteroarchitectured Porous Nanocube Anode Composed of CuS/FeS2 Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Use in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Je Junhwan , Lim Hyojun , Jung Hyun Wook , Kim Sang‐Ok 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe enhancement of the structural stability of conversion‐based metal sulfides at high current densities remains a major challenge in realizing the practical application of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The instability of metal sulfides is caused by the large volume variation and sluggish reaction kinetics upon sodiation/desodiation. To overcome this, herein, a heterostructured nanocube anode composed of CuS/FeS2 embedded in nitrogen‐doped carbon (CuS/FeS2@NC) is synthesized. Size‐ and shape‐controlled porous carbon nanocubes containing metallic nanoparticles are synthesized by the two‐step pyrolysis of a bimetallic Prussian blue analog (PBA) precursor. The simple sulfurization‐induced formation of highly conductive CuS along with FeS2 facilitates sodium‐ion diffusion and enhances the redox reversibility upon cycling. The mesoporous carbon structure provides excellent electrolyte impregnation, efficient charge transport pathways, and good volume expansion buffering. The CuS/FeS2@NC nanocube anode exhibits excellent sodium storage characteristics including high desodiation capacity (608 mAh g–1 at 0.2 A g–1), remarkable long‐term cycle life (99.1% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 5 A g–1), and good rate capability up to 5 A g–1. The simple, facile synthetic route combined with the rational design of bimetallic PBA nanostructures can be widely utilized in the development of conversion‐based metal sulfides and other high‐capacity anode materials for high‐performance SIBs.
Manipulating the Conversion Kinetics of Polysulfides by Engineering Oxygen p‐Band of Halloysite for Improved Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Gao Ruijie , Li Zixiong , Zhou Binghui , Tang Aidong , Wang Jian , Zou Ji‐Jun , Yang Huaming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolar oxides are widely used as the cathodes to impede the shuttle effect in lithium‐sulfur batteries, but suffer from the sluggish desorption and conversion of polysulfides due to too strong affinity of polysulfides on oxygen sites. Herein, employing halloysite as a model, an approach to overcome these shortcomings is proposed via engineering oxygen p‐band center by loading titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto Si‐O surface of halloysite. Using density functional theory calculations, it is predicted that electron transfer from titanium dioxide nanoparticles to interfacial O sites results in downshift of p‐band center of O sites that promote desorption of polysulfides and the cleavage of Li‐S and S‐S, accelerating the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The designed composite cathode material delivers outstanding electrochemical performance in Li‐S batteries, outperforming the recently reported similar cathodes. The concept could provide valuable insight into the design of other catalysts for Li‐S batteries and beyond.
Achieving High‐Performance Ge0.92Bi0.08Te Thermoelectrics via LaB6‐Alloying‐Induced Band Engineering and Multi‐Scale Structure Manipulation
Authors: Sun Qiang , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Hong Min , Yin Yu , Xu Sheng‐Duo , Chen Jie , Yang Lei , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, a LaB6‐alloying strategy is reported to effectively boost the figure‐of‐merit (ZT) of Ge0.92Bi0.08Te‐based alloys up to ≈2.2 at 723 K, attributed to a synergy of La‐dopant induced band structuring and structural manipulation. Density‐function‐theory calculations reveal that La dopant enlarges the bandgap and converges the energy offset between the sub‐valence bands in cubic‐structured GeTe, leading to a significantly increased effective mass, which gives rise to a high Seebeck coefficient of ≈263 µV K−1 and in turn a superior power factor of ≈43 µW cm−1 K−2 at 723 K. Besides, comprehensive electron microscopy characterizations reveal that the multi‐scale phonon scattering centers, including a high density of planar defects, Boron nanoparticles in tandem with enhanced boundaries, dispersive Ge nanoprecipitates in the matrix, and massive point defects, contribute to a low lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.67 W m−1 K−1 at 723 K. Furthermore, a high microhardness of ≈194 Hv is witnessed in the as‐designed Ge0.92Bi0.08Te(LaB6)0.04 alloy, derived from the multi‐defect‐induced strengthening. This work provides a strategy for developing high‐performance and mechanical robust middle‐temperature thermoelectric materials for practical thermoelectric applications.
Integrated Porous Cu Host Induced High‐Stable Bidirectional Li Plating/Stripping Behavior for Practical Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Li Sijia , Qiao Xin , Wang Yizhou , Lei Linna , Lyu Zhiyang , Zhao Jin , Zhang Yu , Liu Ruiqing , Liang Qinghua , Ma Yanwen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe double‐sided electrodes with active materials are widely used for commercial lithium (Li) ion batteries with a higher energy density. Accordingly, developing an anode current collector that can accommodate the stable and homogeneous Li plating/stripping on both sides will be highly desired for practical Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, an integrated bidirectional porous Cu (IBP‐Cu) film with a through‐pore structure is fabricated as Li metal hosts using the powder sintering method. The resultant IBP‐Cu current collector with tunable pore volume and size exhibits high mechanical flexibility and stability. The bidirectional and through‐pore structure enables the IBP‐Cu host to achieve homogeneous Li deposition and effectively suppresses the dendritic Li growth. Impressively, the as‐fabricated Li/IBP‐Cu anode exhibits a remarkable capacity of up to 7.0 mAh cm−2 for deep plating/stripping, outstanding rate performance, and ultralong cycling ability with high Coulombic efficiency of ≈100% for 1000 cycles. More practicably, a designed pouch cell coupled with one Li/IBP‐Cu anode and two LiFePO4 cathodes exhibits a highly elevated energy density (≈187.5%) compared with a pouch cell with one anode and one cathode. Such design of a bidirectional porous Cu current collector with stable Li plating/stripping behaviors suggests its promising practical applications for next‐generation Li metal batteries.
Shedding Light on DNA‐Based Nanoprobes for Live‐Cell MicroRNA Imaging
Authors: Yang Fan , Lu Huiting , Meng Xiangdan , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xueji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDNA‐based nanoprobes integrated with various imaging signals have been employed for fabricating versatile biosensor platforms for the study of intracellular biological process and biomarker detection. The nanoprobes developments also provide opportunities for endogenous microRNA (miRNA) in situ analysis. In this review, the authors are primarily interested in various DNA‐based nanoprobes for miRNA biosensors and declare strategies to reveal how to customize the desired nanoplatforms. Initially, various delivery vehicles for nanoprobe architectures transmembrane transport are delineated, and their biosecurity and ability for resisting the complex cellular environment are evaluated. Then, the novel strategies for designing DNA sequences as target miRNA specific recognition and signal amplification modules for miRNA detection are presented. Afterward, recent advances in imaging technologies to accurately respond and produce significant signal output are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field are discussed.
Monitoring Retinoblastoma by Machine Learning of Aqueous Humor Metabolic Fingerprinting
Authors: Liu Wanshan , Luo Yingxiu , Dai Jingjing , Yang Ludi , Huang Lin , Wang Ruimin , Chen Wei , Huang Yida , Sun Shiyu , Cao Jing , Wu Jiao , Han Minglei , Fan Jiayan , He Mengjia , Qian Kun , Fan Xianqun , Jia Renbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe most common intraocular pediatric malignancy, retinoblastoma (RB), accounts for ≈10% of cancer in children. Efficient monitoring can enhance living quality of patients and 5‐year survival ratio of RB up to 95%. However, RB monitoring is still insufficient in regions with limited resources and the mortality may even reach over 70% in such areas. Here, an RB monitoring platform by machine learning of aqueous humor metabolic fingerprinting (AH‐MF) is developed, using nanoparticle enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS). The direct AH‐MF of RB free of sample pre‐treatment is recorded, with both high reproducibility (coefficient of variation < 10%) and sensitivity (low to 0.3 pmol) at sample volume down to 40 nL only. Further, early and advanced RB patients with area‐under‐the‐curve over 0.9 and accuracy over 80% are differentiated, through machine learning of AH‐MF. Finally, a metabolic biomarker panel of 7 metabolites through accurate MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) with pathway analysis to monitor RB is identified. This work can contribute to advanced metabolic analysis of eye diseases including but not limited to RB and screening of new potential metabolic targets toward therapeutic intervention.
Extraction of cellulose from rice straw for regeneration of hydrogels
Authors: Lai Victor Wei Xiang , Jamaluddin Jamarosliza , Mat Nasir Nur Aina Farhana , Baharulrazi Norfhairna , Majid Rohah A. , Lai Jau Choy , Mohd Bohari Siti Pauliena , Chua Lee Suan , Hasham Rosnani , Rahmat Zaidah , Adrus Nadia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the optimum sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (2 to 12 wt%) for extraction of cellulose from agricultural waste – rice straw fiber towards preparation of cellulose‐based hydrogel. The increase in weight loss with increasing alkaline concentration, suggested that delignification took place progressively up to 6 wt% NaOH as supported by reduction in color intensity of the fiber and chemical analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After extraction, the cellulose was firstly dissolved in N,N’‐dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride solution. Then, hydrogel was regenerated via phase inversion in ethanol. Remarkably, the highest swelling, gel fraction, tensile strength, and elongation at break (EB) were also found for hydrogels when regenerated from cellulose treated with 6 wt% NaOH. This study verifies that 6 wt% of NaOH is the optimum concentration for cellulose extraction that enhances the key aspects of good properties of cellulose hydrogels. The uniqueness findings of the study is, the swelling ratio and EB increase although gel fraction and tensile strength also increases which has never been reported. Ultimately, extraction of cellulose from waste to produce hydrogels may have novel impact for solving under‐utilized biomass as well as good prospects as biomaterials.
Finite element formulation for nano‐scaled beam elements
Authors: Civalek Ömer , Uzun Büşra , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present study, size‐dependent buckling and free vibration behaviors of single‐walled boron nitride nanotube (SWBNNT) are performed in conjunction with various size‐dependent elasticity theories. Modified couple stress theory (MCST) and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory are used for size‐dependent models of SWBNNT. Also, the buckling loads and frequencies are obtained by using local theory to emphasize the effects and differences of these size‐dependent theories. Consequently, three different elasticity theories (two non‐classical and one classical) are utilized to achieve the detailed buckling and vibration analyses of SWBNNT. In this study, the buckling loads and frequencies of SWBNNTs are obtained via presented finite element formulation. In the finite element procedures based on two different size‐dependent elasticity theories, matrices containing the small size parameter are derived. With these matrices containing the small size parameters, eigenvalue problems for buckling and free vibration analyses are formed. The buckling loads and frequency values of the SWBNNTs under the size effect are obtained. The influences of the dimensionless nonlocal parameter, dimensionless material length scale parameter, length‐to‐diameter ratio and boundary conditions on nanotube's buckling and vibration characteristics are investigated. In addition to these influences, the rotary inertia effect neglected in many other studies is also examined.
Cervical Cancer Detection and Classification in Cytology Images Using a Hybrid Approach
Authors: Silva Eduardo L. , Sampaio Ana Filipa , Teixeira Luís F. , Vasconcelos Maria João M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high incidence of cervical cancer in women has prompted the research of automatic screening methods. This work focuses on two of the steps present in such systems, more precisely, the identification of cervical lesions and their respective classification. The development of automatic methods for these tasks is associated with some shortcomings, such as acquiring sufficient and representative clinical data. These limitations are addressed through a hybrid pipeline based on a deep learning model (RetinaNet) for the detection of abnormal regions, combined with random forest and SVM classifiers for their categorization, and complemented by the use of domain knowledge in its design. Additionally, the nuclei in each detected region are segmented, providing a set of nuclei-specific features whose impact on the classification result is also studied. Each module is individually assessed in addition to the complete system, with the latter achieving a precision, recall and F1 score of 0.04, 0.20 and 0.07, respectively. Despite the low precision, the system demonstrates potential as an analysis support tool with the capability of increasing the overall sensitivity of the human examination process.
Crowdsourcing historical photographs: autonomy and control at the Copenhagen City Archives
Authors: Hansson Karin , Dahlgren Anna Näslund 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study of crowdsourcing practices at Kbhbilleder.dk at the Copenhagen City Archives provides a rich description of how motivation and work relations are situated in a wider infrastructure of different tools and social settings. Approximately, 94% of the work is here done by 7 of the 2,433 participants. The article contributes insights into how these super-taggers carry out their work, describing and placing images on a map, through an extensive discursive effort that takes place outside the institution’s more limited interface in private discussion forums with over 60 000 participants. The more exploratory qualitative work that is going on in different discussion groups does not fit within the archive’s technical framework. Instead, alternative archives are growing within privately owned networks, where participants’ own collections merge with images from public archives. Rather than focusing on the nature of participants’ motivation, the article suggests a relational perspective on participation that is useful for analyzing a systems’ support for participation. Pointing out how people’s motivation in citizen science correspond with relational and intra-relational aspects enables an approach to system design that potentially supports or counteracts these aspects.
Global policymakers and catastrophic risk
Authors: Nathan Christopher , Hyams Keith 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is a rapidly developing literature on risks that threaten the whole of humanity, or a large part of it. Discussion is increasingly turning to how such risks can be governed. This paper arises from a study of those involved the governance of risks from emerging technologies, examining the perceptions of global catastrophic risk within the relevant global policymaking community. Those who took part were either civil servants working for the UK government, U.S. Congress, the United Nations, and the European Commission, or cognate members of civil society groups and the private sector. Analysis of interviews identified four major themes: Scepticism; Realism; Influence; and Governance outside of Government. These themes provide evidence for the value of conceptualising the governance of global catastrophic risk as a unified challenge. Furthermore, they highlight the range of agents involved in governance of emerging technology and give reason to value reforms carried out sub-nationally.
Root traits with team benefits: understanding belowground interactions in intercropping systems
Authors: Homulle Z. , George T. S. , Karley A. J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive and resilient agroecosystems, by improving land utilisation, yield and yield stability, soil quality, and pest, disease and weed suppression. Despite these potential benefits, significant gaps remain in the understanding of ecological mechanisms that govern the outcomes when crop species are grown together. A major part of plant-plant interactions takes place belowground and these are often overlooked.

Scope
This review synthesises current evidence for belowground plant-plant interactions of competition, niche differentiation and facilitation, with the aim of identifying root traits that influence the processes contributing to enhanced performance of intercrops compared with monocultures. We identify a suite of potentially complementary root traits for maximising the benefits of intercropping. These traits underpin improved soil exploration, more efficient resource use, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens and pests in intercrops.

Conclusion
This review brings together understanding of the mechanisms underpinning interactions between intercropped roots, and how root traits and their plasticity can promote positive outcomes. Root trait ‘ideotypes’ for intercropped partners are identified that could be selected for crop improvement. We highlight the importance of examining belowground interactions and consider both spatial and temporal distribution of roots and rhizosphere mechanisms that aid complementarity through niche differentiation and facilitation. Breeding of crop ideotypes with specific beneficial root traits, combined with considerations for optimal spatio-temporal arrangement and ratios of component crops, are essential next steps to promote the adoption of intercropping as a sustainable farming practice.
Modelling diffusion in computer-supported collaborative learning: a large scale learning analytics study
Authors: Saqr Mohammed , López-Pernas Sonsoles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study empirically investigates diffusion-based centralities as depictions of student role-based behavior in information exchange, uptake and argumentation, and as consistent indicators of student success in computer-supported collaborative learning. The analysis is based on a large dataset of 69 courses (n = 3,277 students) with 97,173 total interactions (of which 8,818 were manually coded). We examined the relationship between students’ diffusion-based centralities and a coded representation of their interactions in order to investigate the extent to which diffusion-based centralities are able to adequately capture information exchange and uptake processes. We performed a meta-analysis to pool the correlation coefficients between centralities and measures of academic achievement across all courses while considering the sample size of each course. Lastly, from a cluster analysis using students’ diffusion-based centralities aimed at discovering student role-taking within interactions, we investigated the validity of the discovered roles using the coded data. There was a statistically significant positive correlation that ranged from moderate to strong between diffusion-based centralities and the frequency of information sharing and argumentation utterances, confirming that diffusion-based centralities capture important aspects of information exchange and uptake. The results of the meta-analysis showed that diffusion-based centralities had the highest and most consistent combined correlation coefficients with academic achievement as well as the highest predictive intervals, thus demonstrating their advantage over traditional centrality measures. Characterizations of student roles based on diffusion centralities were validated using qualitative methods and were found to meaningfully relate to academic performance. Diffusion-based centralities are feasible to calculate, implement and interpret, while offering a viable solution that can be deployed at any scale to monitor students’ productive discussions and academic success.
Meaningful work, work and life satisfaction: Spanish adaptation of Work and Meaning Inventory Scale
Authors: Duarte-Lores Isabel , Rolo-González Gladys , Suárez Ernesto , Chinea-Montesdeoca Cristina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMeaningful work is the subjective experience that work has meaning and is understood as an avenue for personal development, from a eudaimonic point of view. The aim of this study is to adapt the WAMI scale of meaningful work to Spanish, as well as to explore its relationship with job and life satisfaction. Two independent studies were developed. A first study analyzed the consistency of the original factorial model using a sample of Spanish varied workers (N = 350) through a confirmatory factor analysis. Results show an adequate replication of the original model and the validity of the Spanish version. A second study addressed the predictive capacity of the scale in relation to two satisfaction measures in a sample of Spanish health workers (N=312), through a mediation analysis. The relationship between meaningful work and job satisfaction is mediated by life satisfaction. The idea of meaningful work as a eudaimonic construct discards it as a variable resulting from or consequence of work, as it is an inherent part of occupational activity itself.
When the Family Occupies the Future – Self-Processes and Well-Being of Kyrgyz Children and Young People
Authors: Bühler-Niederberger Doris , Schwittek Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper focuses on the question of how young people in the post-Soviet country of Kyrgyzstan deal with the structural and cultural demands of a society characterized by strong obligations of intergenerational solidarity and the normative pattern of submission under the authority of elders. Based on three preponderantly qualitative empirical studies on kindergarten children, teenagers and young adults, young people’s commitment to that order is mapped out, defining their reasons for acceptance on the one hand and the limits of their acceptance on the other hand. Concerning the latter, a special focus is laid on processes of the “self” as well as notions of a “generation gap”. We can then deduce what the hierarchical age order means for the well-being of young people.