bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Useless Tribute, Desirable Exotics
Authors: Li Yiwen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the premodern era, folding fans were among the few handicrafts that China imported from Japan. The availability of Japanese folding fans in China changed along with Sino-Japanese relations. They were rare during the Northern Song due to the suspension of diplomatic relations, but after the Ming court reestablished a tributary relationship with the Ashikaga shogunate in the early fifteenth century, many more Japanese folding fans entered China via tribute trade. The scholar-officials, who generally admired the delicate Japanese-made folding fans, chose to emphasize different values of the fans in different contexts. The Japanese folding fans were “useless tribute” in the scholar-officials' public writings, but in reality the “Japan” brand actually increased the commercial value of the fans in the market.
Maternal RNF114-mediated target substrate degradation regulates zygotic genome activation in mouse embryos
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Guo Yueshuai , Sun Haifeng , Liu Lu , Yao Liping , Liu Chao , He Yuanlin , Cao Shanren , Zhou Cheng , Li Mingrui , Cao Yumeng , Wang Congjing , Lu Qianneng , Li Wei , Guo Xuejiang , Huo Ran 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Zygotic genomic activation (ZGA) is a landmark event in the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), and the regulation of ZGA by maternal factors remains to be elucidated. In this study, the depletion of maternal ring finger protein 114 (RNF114), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, led to developmental arrest of two-cell mouse embryos. Using immunofluorescence and transcriptome analysis, RNF114 was proven to play a crucial role in major ZGA. To study the underlying mechanism, we performed protein profiling in mature oocytes and found a potential substrate for RNF114, chromobox 5 (CBX5), ubiquitylation and degradation of which was regulated by RNF114. The overexpression of CBX5 prevented embryonic development and impeded major ZGA. Furthermore, TAB1 was abnormally accumulated in mutant two-cell embryos, which was consistent with the result of in vitro knockdown of Rnf114. Knockdown of Cbx5 or Tab1 in maternal RNF114-depleted embryos partially rescued developmental arrest and the defect of major ZGA. In summary, our study reveals that maternal RNF114 plays a precise role in degrading some important substrates during the MZT, the misregulation of which may impede the appropriate activation of major ZGA in mouse embryos.
Diagnostic reference levels in paediatric fluoroscopy: how does a secondary referral centre compare with 2018 European guidelines?
Authors: Ashworth Emily , Woods Liam , Cook J Valmai 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To compare diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in paediatric fluoroscopy at a secondary referral centre with 2018 European guidelines. Secondly, to compare secondary referral centre DRLs for paediatric fluoroscopy examinations not included in European guidelines with 2010 national UK DRLs. Methods: Paediatric fluoroscopy studies were grouped by age (groups: 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 years) for examination type and analysed retrospectively, over a period of 14 years. DRLs were compared with European DRLs (micturating cystourethrograms (MCUs)) and 2010 UK national DRLs (contrast swallows and meals). Results: 1,586 studies were performed (49% MCUs; 31% meals; 9% swallows). For all age groups, DRLs for MCUs were lower than European DRLs by up to a factor 58 x (1 year age group: secondary referral centre DRL 12 mGycm2 vs European DRL 700 mGycm2). For contrast swallows and meals, 75th percentile doses were lower than 2010 UK national 25th percentile doses in all age groups. Conclusion: Maintaining low doses of ionising radiation is particularly important in paediatrics, and our study has found that it is possible to achieve low paediatric fluoroscopy doses in a secondary referral centre setting. Advances in knowledge: Our data may prove useful to other centres and could contribute towards future European DRLs.
Pulmonary embolism severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tilliridou Vicky , Kirkbride Rachael , Dickinson Rebecca , Tiernan James , Yong Guo Liang , van Beek Edwin JR , Murchison John T , Williams Michelle Claire 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Early in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a high frequency of pulmonary embolism was identified. This audit aims to assess the frequency and severity of pulmonary embolism in 2020 compared to 2019.

Methods:
In this retrospective audit, we compared computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) frequency and pulmonary embolism severity in April and May 2020, compared to 2019. Pulmonary embolism severity was assessed with the Modified Miller score and the presence of right heart strain was assessed. Demographic information and 30-day mortality was identified from electronic health records.

Results:
In April 2020, there was a 17% reduction in the number of CTPA performed and an increase in the proportion identifying pulmonary embolism (26%, n = 68/265 vs 15%, n = 47/320, p &lt; 0.001), compared to April 2019. Patients with pulmonary embolism in 2020 had more comorbidities (p = 0.026), but similar age and sex compared to 2019. There was no difference in pulmonary embolism severity in 2020 compared to 2019, but there was an increased frequency of right heart strain in May 2020 (29 vs 12%, p = 0.029). Amongst 18 patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism, there was a larger proportion of males and an increased 30 day mortality (28% vs 6%, p = 0.008).

Conclusion:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in the number of CTPA scans performed and an increase in the frequency of CTPA scans positive for pulmonary embolism. Patients with both COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism had an increased risk of 30-day mortality compared to those without COVID-19.

Advances in knowledge:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of CTPA performed decreased and the proportion of positive CTPA increased. Patients with both pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 had worse outcomes compared to those with pulmonary embolism alone.
Case Report: Peptic ulcer disease following short-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a 3-year-old child
Authors: Ciubotaru Alin Dumitru , Leferman Carmen-Ecaterina 
Published: June 2021

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects 1-2 per 1000 people annually in the USA, the UK and Europe, and occurs less frequently in children than in adults. PUD in children occurs mainly during the second decade of development. Among risk factors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), commonly used to manage acute febrile illness or pain in healthy children, is rarely reported to lead to PUD and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Case presentation: We present a rare case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding following a low dose ibuprofen treatment in a 3-year-old female. The patient with a family history of peptic ulcer was admitted for fever, coffee-ground vomiting and abdominal pain. The clinical examination revealed an altered general health status with a distended and mildly tender abdomen moving normally with respiration as well as normal stool. The initial laboratory test indicated anemia with reticulocytosis. During the first hours of hospitalization, the patient had a second episode of coffee-ground vomiting. An upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy was performed in the following six hours revealing a non-bleeding gastric ulcer at 2 cm from pylorus. Helicobacter pylori testing was negative. The patient was treated with a proton pump inhibitor (esomeprazole 10 mg/day) for 2 months. There were no further gastrointestinal symptoms, hemoglobin values returned to normal and the follow-up endoscopy confirmed the healing of the ulcer. Conclusion: The short-term utilization of NSAIDs in the appropriate dosage can lead to PUD, and considering the risk factors before administration can lead to an appropriate management.
BioPAN: a web-based tool to explore mammalian lipidome metabolic pathways on LIPID MAPS
Authors: Gaud Caroline , C. Sousa Bebiana , Nguyen An , Fedorova Maria , Ni Zhixu , O’Donnell Valerie B. , Wakelam Michael J.O. , Andrews Simon , Lopez-Clavijo Andrea F. 
Published: June 2021

Lipidomics increasingly describes the quantification using mass spectrometry of all lipids present in a biological sample. As the power of lipidomics protocols increase, thousands of lipid molecular species from multiple categories can now be profiled in a single experiment. Observed changes due to biological differences often encompass large numbers of structurally-related lipids, with these being regulated by enzymes from well-known metabolic pathways. As lipidomics datasets increase in complexity, the interpretation of their results becomes more challenging. BioPAN addresses this by enabling the researcher to visualise quantitative lipidomics data in the context of known biosynthetic pathways. BioPAN provides a list of genes, which could be involved in the activation or suppression of enzymes catalysing lipid metabolism in mammalian tissues.
Quadriceps muscle power and optimal shortening velocity are inversely related to angiotensin converting enzyme activity in older men
Authors: Kostka Joanna , Sikora Joanna , Guligowska Agnieszka , Kostka Tomasz 
Published: June 2021

Background: Methods which potentially could prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function are still being sought. There are various attempts to use pharmacological agents to prevent loss of muscle mass, but the effectiveness of many of them still needs to be confirmed. One of the promising therapeutics are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and lowering of serum ACE activity. The goal of this study was to assess if taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and other angiotensin system blocking medications (ASBMs) can modify muscle performance in older men as well as to assess the association of serum ACE activity with muscle strength, power, muscle contraction velocity and functional performance. Methods: Seventy-nine older men took part in the study. Muscle function was assessed with hand grip strength, maximum power relative to body mass (Pmax) and optimal shortening velocity (Ʋopt) of the knee extensor muscles. Anthropometric data, ACE activity and functional performance were also measured. Results: Negative correlations between ACE activity and Pmax (rho=-0.29, p=0.04) as well as Ʋopt (rho=-0.31, p=0.03) in a group of patients not taking ACEI and between ACE activity and Ʋopt (rho=-0.22, p=0.05) in the whole group of men were found. Positive relationship between age and ACE activity was demonstrated (rho=0.26, p=0.02). Age was the only selected variable in the multiple regression analyses to determine both Pmax and Ʋopt. Conclusions: Serum ACE activity negatively associates to muscle power and muscle contraction velocity. The issues related to the impact of taking ACEI on the maintenance of muscle function and functional performance in older man require further studies.
Representation of published core outcome sets for research in regulatory guidance: protocol
Authors: Dodd Susanna , Fish Rebecca , Gorst Sarah , Hall Deborah , Jacobsen Pamela , Kirkham Jamie , Main Barry , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Saldanha Ian J. , Trépel Dominic , Williamson Paula R. 
Published: June 2021

Background: The COMET Initiative promotes the development and use of ‘core outcome sets’ (COS), agreed standardised sets of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all studies in a particular clinical condition. COS are determined by consensus amongst key stakeholders, including health professionals, policymakers and patients, ensuring that the priorities and expertise of these representatives inform the choice of the most important outcomes to measure for a given condition. There is increased recognition of the need to integrate COS across the healthcare system and with existing regulatory apparatus, to ensure that outcomes being recorded are those of key relevance to important stakeholders. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of concordance between outcomes recommended in COS for research and in guidance provided by two key regulators: US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Methods: COS for research published during 2015-2019 with patient involvement and covering drug or device interventions will be compared against relevant regulatory guidelines, matched by condition. Guidance documents matching in scope (relating to intervention and population) to a COS for research will be scrutinised to identify all suggested outcomes for comparison against the core outcomes in the corresponding COS. Discussion: This study will identify variation between outcomes suggested in FDA and EMA regulatory guidance relative to outcomes included in published COS for research, thus demonstrating the degree of representation of COS in regulatory guidance and vice versa. We will share the study findings (in particular, highlighting any lack of concordance between COS and regulatory guidance overall or for particular disease areas) and will invite feedback from FDA and EMA; we will seek to highlight where findings support the recommendations towards using well-developed COS or will make recommendations to COS developers on outcomes of importance to these key regulators.
Frailty index transitions over eight years were frequent in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Romero-Ortuno Roman , Hartley Peter , Knight Silvin P. , Kenny Rose Anne , O’Halloran Aisling M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: The frailty index (FI) is based on accumulation of health deficits. FI cut-offs define non-frail, prefrail and frail states. We described transitions of FI states in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Methods: Participants aged ≥50 years with information for a 31-deficit FI at wave 1 (2010) were followed-up over four waves (2012, 2014, 2016, 2018). Transitions were visualized with alluvial plots and probabilities estimated with multi-state Markov models, investigating the effects of age, sex and education. Results: 8174 wave 1 participants were included (3744 men and 4430 women; mean age 63.8 years). Probabilities from non-frail to prefrail, and non-frail to frail were 18% and 2%, respectively. Prefrail had a 19% probability of reversal to non-frail, and a 15% risk of progression to frail. Frail had a 21% probability of reversal to prefrail and 14% risk of death. Being older and female increased the risk of adverse FI state transitions, but being female reduced the risk of transition from frail to death. Higher level of education was associated with improvement from prefrail to non-frail. Conclusions: FI states are characterized by dynamic longitudinal transitions and frequent improvement. Opportunities exist for reducing the probability of adverse transitions.
Great Gray Owl home range and habitat selection during the breeding-season
Authors: Gura Katherine , Bedrosian Bryan , Chalfoun Anna D. , Patla Susan 
Published: June 2021

Identifying resource requirements of under-studied species during key stages such as breeding is critical for effective management. We quantified breeding-season home-range attributes and habitat selection of adult Great Gray Owls across multiple spatial (home-range and within-home-range level) and temporal (nesting and post-fledging; day versus night) scales in western Wyoming, USA. In 2018 and 2019 we outfitted adult male owls (n = 18) with GPS remote-download transmitters and collected hourly location data throughout the breeding season (1 May – 15 September). Using 50% and 95% kernel density estimates (KDE), mean core area was 1.2 km2 and mean home-range size was 6.2 km2 (n = 16). Resource selection analyses incorporated both remotely-sensed and microsite data. We conducted microsite surveys at used and available points within 95% KDE home ranges using a stratified random sample design (n = 661). Determining home-range and breeding habitat requirements will improve density estimates and facilitate the effective management of Great Gray Owls and their habitat. We found differing patterns between habitat selection at the home-range and within-home-range scales.

Featured photo by YNP on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/SA17KT
Fast mask model for extreme ultraviolet lithography with a slanted absorber sidewall
Authors: Zhang Zinan , Li Sikun , Wang Xiangzhao , Cheng Wei 
Published: June 2021

A fast mask model for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is vital to process simulation and resolution enhancement techniques. As the target pattern sizes have decreased, the impact of the absorber sidewall angle (SWA) has become a serious problem. In order to model the EUV mask with a slanted absorber sidewall quickly and accurately, a fast mask model based on the absorber sublayer decomposition is proposed. Since the absorber sidewall is slanted but not perpendicular to the multilayer surface, the absorber is decomposed into several thin pattern layers. For each thin layer, the diffraction is calculated by the edge point pulses model. The light propagation between two layers is calculated by spectrum superposition in the frequency domain with Hopkins frequency shift. The fast EUV mask model with slanted absorber sidewall is established by combining the accurate absorber model and the equivalent layer multilayer model. Simulations and comparisons validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. For the 22 nm vertical line-space pattern, the calculation errors of critical dimension via the proposed model are lower than 0.05 nm for different SWA values.
Efficient continuous-wave eye-safe Nd:YVO4 self-Raman laser at 1.5  µm
Authors: Fan Li , Shen Jun , Wang Xiao-Yu , Fan Hui-Bo , Zhu Jun , Wang Xi-Lin , Wang Hui-Tian 
Published: June 2021

Due to a high Raman threshold and serious thermal effect, a challenge is to achieve efficient continuous-wave (CW) operation of a crystalline Raman laser at 1.5 µm. Based on effective thermal management and the self-Raman effect, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first efficient CW operation of a

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

Raman laser at 1.5 µm. We achieve 685 mW of CW eye-safe emission at 1524.5 nm by the use of a 20-mm-long composite

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

and 300-µm pump beam radius, with a diode-to-Stokes conversion efficiency of 4.8%. Lasers operating at

∼

1.5

µ

m

have found many important applications in various areas such as optical communication, laser radar, laser ranging, remote sensing, and spectral research.
Comparative palatability of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of Praziquantel (L-PZQ and Rac-PZQ) versus current PZQ tablet in African children: A randomized, single-blind, crossover study
Authors: Mahende Muhidin K. , Huber Eric , Kourany-Lefoll Elly , Ali Ali , Hayward Brooke , Bezuidenhout Deon , Bagchus Wilhelmina , Kabanywanyi Abdunoor M. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Praziquantel (PZQ) is currently the only recommended drug for infection and disease caused by the schistosome species that infects humans; however, the current tablet formulation is not suitable for pre-school age children mainly due to its bitterness and the large tablet size. We assessed the palatability of two new orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations of PZQ.

Methodology
This randomized, single-blind, crossover, swill-and-spit palatability study (NCT02315352) was carried out at a single school in Tanzania in children aged 6–11 years old, with or without schistosomiasis infection as this was not part of the assessment. Children were stratified according to age group (6–8 years or 9–11 years) and gender, then randomized to receive each formulation in a pre-specified sequence. Over 2 days, the children assessed the palatability of Levo-Praziquantel (L-PZQ) ODT 150 mg and Racemate Praziquantel (Rac-PZQ) ODT 150 mg disintegrated in the mouth without water on the first day, and L-PZQ and Rac-PZQ dispersed in water and the currently available PZQ 600 mg formulation (PZQ-Cesol) crushed and dispersed in water on the second day. The palatability of each formulation was rated using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) incorporating a 5-point hedonic scale, immediately after spitting out the test product (VASt = 0 primary outcome) and after 2–5 minutes (VASt = 2–5).

Principal findings
In total, 48 children took part in the assessment. Overall, there was no reported difference in the VASt = 0 between the two ODT formulations (p = 0.106) without water. Higher VASt = 0 and VASt = 2–5 scores were reported for L-PZQ ODT compared with Rac-PZQ ODT in older children (p = 0.046 and p = 0.026, respectively). The VASt = 0 and VASt = 2–5 were higher for both ODT formulations compared with the standard formulation (p<0.001 for both time points). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions/Significance
The new paediatric-friendly formulations dispersed in water were both found to be more palatable than the existing standard formulation of PZQ. There may be gender and age effects on the assessment of palatability. Further research is needed for assessing efficacy and tolerability of the newly ODTs Praziquantel drug in younger children.

Trial registration
The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02315352) and in the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201412000959159).
The estimated hepatitis C seroprevalence and key population sizes in San Diego in 2018
Authors: Wynn Adriane , Tweeten Samantha , McDonald Eric , Wooten Wilma , Lucas Kimberley , Cyr Cassandra L. , Hernandez Maricris , Ramirez Franchesca , VanWormer Corey , Suckow Scott , Ramers Christian B. , Martin Natasha K. 
Published: June 2021

Background
The Eliminate Hepatitis C San Diego County Initiative was established to provide a roadmap to reduce new HCV infections by 80% and HCV-related deaths by 65% by 2030. An estimate of the burden of HCV infections in San Diego County is necessary to inform planning and evaluation efforts. Our analysis was designed to estimate the HCV burden in San Diego County in 2018.

Methods
We synthesized data from the American Community Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, California Department of Public Health, Public Health Branch of California Correctional Health Care Services, San Diego Blood Bank, and published literature. Burden estimates were stratified by subgroup (people who inject drugs in the community [PWID], men who have sex with men in the community [MSM], general population in the community [stratified by age and sex], and incarcerated individuals). To account for parameter uncertainty, 100,000 parameter sets were sampled from each parameter’s uncertainty distribution, and used to calculate the mean and 95% confidence interval estimates of the number of HCV seropositive adults in San Diego in 2018.

Findings
We found there were 55,354 (95% CI: 25,411–93,329) adults with a history of HCV infection in San Diego County in 2018, corresponding to an HCV seroprevalence of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1–3.4%). Over 40% of HCV infections were among the general population aged 55–74 and one-third were among PWID.

Conclusion
Our study found that the largest share of infections was among adults aged 55–74, indicating the importance of surveillance, prevention, testing, and linkages to care in this group to reduce mortality. Further, programs prioritizing PWID for increased HCV testing and linkage to care are important for reducing new HCV infections.