Abstract PS18-31: Identification of cell surface proteins in triple negative breast cancer for the development of novel targeted therapies
Authors: Kuhlmann Laura , Sinha Ankit , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Macklin Andrew , Liu Lydia , Govindarajan Meinusha , Khoo Amanda , Mejia-Guerrero Salvador , Cruickshank Jennifer , Berman Hal , Kislinger Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands out due to its aggressive course and high metastatic rates. No consistent protein biomarker has been described for TNBC, resulting in a scarcity of adjuvant therapies for the afflicted patients. Hence, there is an urgent need to determine novel TNBC-associated proteins for the development of new therapeutics and the identification of novel molecular mechanisms driving this malignancy. Cell surface proteins represent attractive targets for novel therapies, due to their easily accessible localization and their involvement in essential signaling pathways.
Objectives: We aimed to uncover novel TNBC-associated cell surface proteins involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis for the development of novel targeted therapeutics.
Rationale: Taking advantage of the fact that cell surface proteins are often N-glycosylated, we employed hydrazide chemistry to isolate N-glycopeptides. The glycoproteome of six immortalized TNBC cell lines and five ‘healthy’ controls (HC) (the immortalized cell line MCF10A and four patient-derived human mammary epithelial cell lines) was analyzed using LC-MS/MS and label-free quantification. A data mining strategy was employed to select candidates of interest. We knocked-down (k.d.) the top five candidates of interest (using siRNA technology) and evaluated cell growth using growth-curve analysis. Plexin B3 (PLXNB3) was selected for subsequent functional validations. The effects of PLXNB3 k.d. (using siRNA and CRISPR technology) on cancer cell growth, apoptosis and adhesion were interrogated using western blotting and standard cell biology protocols.Results: The N-glycoproteomics approach led to the identification of 1044 glycoproteins, with over 70% described as plasma membrane/secreted proteins. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the TNBC-associated glycoproteome was enriched in biological processes such as: mesenchyme development, MAPK signaling, positive regulation of proliferation and regulation of neuron projection development. Candidates of interest were selected from our list by focusing on those plasma membrane proteins that were enriched in TNBC cells compared to HC according to our label-free quantified proteomics data, and that showed limited expression in healthy tissues according to the Human Protein Atlas. We further restricted the list of candidates to those proteins whose k.d. impaired cancer cell growth, with little effect on the HC. PLXNB3, an understudied protein typically expressed in healthy neuronal tissues, was selected for in depth functional analysis. Elevated mRNA PLXNB3 levels in breast cancer patients is associated with poorer overall survival compared to low mRNA expression (Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource, 2018). PLXNB3 k.d. (using siRNA and CRISPR technologies) impaired TNBC cell growth (in both adherent and spheroid cultures) and was associated with elevated levels of cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 7 compared to scrambled controls. Furthermore, PLXNB3 k.d. negatively impacted TNBC cell adhesion to extracellular matrixes compared to scrambled controls. Subsequent tests will evaluate PLXNB3’s role in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, using orthotopic tumor models in immunocompromised mice.
Citation Format: Laura Kuhlmann, Ankit Sinha, Vladimir Ignatchenko, Andrew Macklin, Lydia Liu, Meinusha Govindarajan, Amanda Khoo, Salvador Mejia-Guerrero, Jennifer Cruickshank, Hal Berman, Thomas Kislinger. Identification of cell surface proteins in triple negative breast cancer for the development of novel targeted therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-31.