bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vena giacomini – so klein und unscheinbar?
Authors: Valesky Eva Maria , Mendoza Erika , Brenner Erich 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Giacominis Erstbeschreibung (1873) wurde über eine Vene berichtet, die über die Fossa poplitea zum dorsalen Oberschenkel (ohne in die V. poplitea einzumünden) weiter nach medial zieht, um in die V. saphena magna zu münden. Seither wurden zahlreiche weitere Mündungstypen (auch mit Einmündung in die V. poplitea) publiziert. Im klinischen Alltag erfährt diese Vene hingegen nur wenig Beachtung. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine Insuffizienz der V. giacomini nachzuweisen, ist v. a. bei simultanem Vorliegen einer insuffizienten V. saphena parva um das knapp 12-Fache erhöht. Man unterscheidet 2 Refluxtypen der V. giacomini. Beim retrograden Reflux gelangt venöses Blut über die V. saphena magna, die Beckenvenen oder die Perforansvenen des Oberschenkels in die V. saphena parva. Beim wesentlich selteneren anterograden Reflux kommt es zu einem paradoxen (aufsteigenden) Reflux in der V. giacomini während der muskulären Diastole. Eine ausschließlich V.-saphena-fokussierte chirurgische Therapie ohne Berücksichtigung der Refluxtypen kann möglicherweise in einer Überbehandlung des Patienten enden und sollte im Zeitalter der therapeutischen Vielfalt und eines möglichst venenerhaltenden Vorgehens vermieden werden.Aufgrund der anatomischen Enge der Fossa poplitea und der in der Vergangenheit zunehmend an Beliebtheit gewonnenen endoluminal-thermischen Verfahren ist die Kenntnis der topografischen Anatomie insbesondere zur Vermeidung von neurologischen Komplikationen von essenzieller Bedeutung.
Zweitmeinungsverfahren für die Tonsillektomie und Tonsillotomie: eine Analyse der rechtfertigenden quantitativen und qualitativen Voraussetzungen
Authors: Franzen Achim M. , Windfuhr Jochen P. , Bruch Dunja 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss hat im Jahr 2017 Tonsillotomie, Tonsillektomie und Hysterektomie für ein Zweitmeinungsverfahren ausgewählt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung prüfte die rechtfertigende qualitative wie quantitative Grundlage dieses bundesweiten Verfahrens.
Material und Methoden Die Daten des Statistischen Bundesamtes zur Fallzahlentwicklung wurden erfasst; Zahl und Standortverteilung der HNO-Zweitmeiner wurden über die Websites der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Zwischen 2005 und 2018 nahm die Zahl der (Adeno-) Tonsillektomien von 119 808 auf 42 548 ab; die Zahl der Tonsillotomien stieg von 4659 (2007) auf 18 369. Unabhängig davon bleiben signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Bundesländern bestehen. 218 HNO-Ärzte in 142 Städten sind derzeit als Zweitmeiner tätig; entsprechend der Operationszahlen von 2018 entfielen auf einen Zweitmeiner ca. 280 Patienten (1:90–1:800).
Schlussfolgerungen Bei sinkender Prävalenz der ausgewählten Eingriffe – die Tonsillektomie gehört seit 2013 nicht mehr zu den 50 am häufigsten in Deutschland durchgeführten Operationen – kann von einer „Mengenanfälligkeit“ nicht ausgegangen werden. Die Umsetzung des Zweitmeinungsverfahrens, nicht zuletzt der Ausgleich regionaler Unterschiede der Operationsindikation, ist außerdem durch die regionale Verteilung der Zweitmeiner kompromittiert. Eine wissenschaftliche Begleitung der bereits initiierten Zweitmeinungsverfahren und die Prüfung des tatsächlichen Bedarfs erscheinen sinnvoll.
Methanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Electron-Rich Arenes with N-Arylmaleimides: A Highly Efficient Metal-Free Route To Access 3-Arylsuccinimides
Authors: Peddinti Rama Krishna , Gairola Deepti 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFriedel–Crafts reaction is widely used for the C–C bond forming reaction to enable the direct connection of electron-rich arenes to electron-deficient olefins with high regioselectivity. Herein, a highly efficient, metal-free, and environmentally benign F–C strategy of electron-rich arenes with N-arylmaleimides has been developed for the construction of 3-arylsuccinimides in the presence of a green reagent methanesulfonic acid under mild reaction conditions. This highly facile and high-yielding protocol has compatibility with different electron-rich arenes.
Declarative programming of TV applications using NCL
Authors: Guedes Álan L.V. , Colcher Sergio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
NCL is the declarative programming language used to develop TV applications in IPTV systems and Terrestrial TV standardized by ITU and
Brazilian TV Forum, respectively. Its main characteristics are: defining temporal synchronization among media assets and viewer
interactions; layout reuse facilities; support multi-device presentation; support embed HTML code and scripts in the lightweight scripting
language Lua; and an API for life-cycle controls (start, pause, resume, stop) and modifying applications on-the-fly called NCL editing
command. This talk briefly introduces NCL, highlights its recent advances, and discuss the future of the language.
Plain text processingin structured documents
Authors: Verwer Nico 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Applications that analyze and process natural language can be used for things like named entity recognition, anonymization, topic
extraction, sentiment analysis. In most cases, these applications use the plain text of a document, and may add or change markup. This
causes problems when the original document already contains markup that must be preserved. The text to be analyzed may run across markup
boundaries, and newly generated markup may lead to unbalanced (non well-formed) structures. This presentation shows how the Separated Markup
API for XML (SMAX) can be used to apply natural language processing to XML documents. It preserves the existing document structure and
allows for balanced insertion of new markup. A demonstration will be given of the use of SMAX for extracting and marking references in legal
documents. This Link eXtractor was built for the Dutch center for governmental publications. SMAX and Simple Pipelines of Event API
Transformers (SPEAT) will be available as open source software at the time of Declarative Amsterdam.
Predicting middle‐distance track and cross‐country performances of national and international level adolescent runners
Authors: Bliss Alex , Waldron Mark , Maxwell Neil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the contribution of physiological data collected during laboratory testing in predicting race performances of trained junior middle‐distance track (TK) and cross‐country (XC) athletes. Participants performed a submaximal incremental ramp test, followed by an incremental test to exhaustion in a laboratory, with the results used to predict either 800 m TK, 1500 m TK or 4000–6000 m XC race performance. Twenty‐eight participants (male (M), 15; female (F), 13) were analysed (age = 17 ± 2 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.08 m, body mass = 58.9 ± 8.9 kg). Performance times (min:s) for 800 m were: M, 1:56.55 ± 0:05.55 and F, 2:14.21 ± 0:03.89; 1500 m: M, 3:51.98 ± 0:07.35 and F 4:36.71 ± 0:16.58; XC: M (4900 ± 741 m), 16:00 ± 01:53; F (4628 ± 670 m), 17:41 ± 02:09. Stepwise regression analysis indicated significant contributions of speed at ⩒O2max (s⩒O2max), and heart rate maximum (HRmax) to the prediction of 800 m TK (F(2,15) = 22.51, p < 0.001, adjusted R 2 = 0.72), s⩒O2max for 1500 m TK (F(1,13) = 36.65, p < 0.001, adjusted R 2 = 0.72) and ⩒O2max, allometrically scaled to body mass and speed at lactate threshold (sLT) for XC (F(2,17) = 25.1, p < 0.001, adjusted R 2 = 0.72). Laboratory‐based physiological measures can explain 72% of the variance in junior TK and XC events, although factors that explain performance alter depending on the race distance and tactics. The factors determining performance in TK and XC events are not interchangeable.
Sparsity-based nonlinear reconstruction of optical parameters in two-photon photoacoustic computed tomography
Authors: Gupta Madhu , Kumar Mishra Rohit , Roy Souvik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a new nonlinear optimization approach for the sparse reconstruction of single-photon absorption and two-photon absorption coefficients in the photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT). This framework comprises of minimizing an objective functional involving a least squares fit of the interior pressure field data corresponding to two boundary source functions, where the absorption coefficients and the photon density are related through a semi-linear elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) arising in photoacoustic tomography. Further, the objective functional consists of an L
1 regularization term that promotes sparsity patterns in absorption coefficients. The motivation for this framework primarily comes from some recent works related to solving inverse problems in acousto-electric tomography and current density impedance tomography. We provide a new proof of existence and uniqueness of a solution to the semi-linear PDE. Further, a proximal method, involving a Picard solver for the semi-linear PDE and its adjoint, is used to solve the optimization problem. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
A European perspective on dental cone beam computed tomography systems with a focus on optimisation utilising diagnostic reference levels
Authors: Siiskonen Teemu , Gallagher Aoife , Ciraj Bjelac Olivera , Novak Leos , Sans Merce Marta , Farah Jad , Dabin Jérémie , Malchair Françoise , Knežević Željka , Kortesniemi Mika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been available since the late 1990s for use in dentistry. European legislation requires optimisation of protection and the use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) as well as regular quality control (QC) of the imaging devices, which is well outlined in existing international recommendations. Nevertheless, the level of application is not known. Earlier studies have indicated that few European countries have established DRLs and that patient doses (exposure parameters) have not been properly optimised. The EURADOS Working Group 12—Dosimetry in Medical Imaging undertook a survey to identify existing practices in Member States. Questionnaires were developed to identify equipment types, clinical procedures performed, and exposure settings used. The surveys were circulated to 22 countries resulting in 28 responses from 13 countries. Variations were identified in the exposure factors and in the doses delivered to patients for similar clinical indicators. Results confirm that patient doses are still not properly optimised and DRLs are largely not established. There is a need to promote the importance of performing QC testing of dental CBCT equipment and to further optimise patient exposure by establishment and use of DRLs as a part of a continuous optimisation process.
Fast and robust fringe projection profilometry for surface with hole discontinuities via backlighting
Authors: Tan Ji , He Zhaoshui , Dong Bo , Bai Yulei , Lei Liang , Li Jianqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In fringe projection profilometry (FPP), objects with hole discontinuities can lead to shadows and even phase unwrapping morbidity. To solve this problem, we propose an enhanced FPP system by employing the backlighting technique in this paper. This method consists of shadow compensation (SC) and high dynamic range (HDR) imaging; the SC is implemented using the optimal mask, which is obtained by fusing two high-contrast images from different backlight intensities; the HDR imaging is performed by a multi-exposure technique to tackle the issue of multi-colored or specular reflections. Since the proposed method does not require complex phase-unwrapping algorithms, it is fast and robust for three-dimensional shape measurement of objects with hole discontinuities. To validate the method, morphological measurements of a wheel rim and a multi-colored human mask were performed. The results show that the proposed method can overcome discontinuity problems without degrading performance.
Diagnosis of an incipient defect in a worm gearbox using minimum entropy deconvolution and local cepstrum
Authors: Kumar Surinder , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A worm gearbox is a slow speed gear arrangement which can greatly reduce velocity (in some cases 100:1 in a single stage). The early detection of a gear fault in this high reduction gearbox is a challenging task as the fundamental frequencies in the spectrum are close together. The sliding mechanism of its operation and the presence of loud noise further complicate the task. A signal processing technique has been proposed to extract weak fault features in the worm and wheel gearbox signal. In the preprocessing stage, the signal is decimated, and an autoregressive minimum entropy deconvolution (AR-MED) is applied. The decimation process enhances the data handling capability. The AR-MED filter denoises the signal. The signal obtained is further processed for the local cepstrum (LC) to identify the quefrencies. The quefrencies provide information regarding the period of repetition of impulses corresponding to the defect. The results of quefrencies validate the values of fault frequency for the faulty gear. A comparison with the autocorrelation LC and squared envelope spectrum kurtosis is presented to establish the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The accuracy of the results of the proposed method is 99.27%.
Gram-scale synthesis of electrochemically oxygenated graphene nanosheets for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution
Authors: Hao Pham Van , Minh Phan Ngoc , Hong Phan Ngoc , Huy Nguyen Nhat , Oanh Phung Thi , Nguyen Hai Thanh , Tran Trang Doan , Van Thanh Dang , Nguyen Van Thi Khanh , Dang Nguyen Van 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, oxygenated graphene nanosheets (OGNs) were successfully synthesized using a simple electrochemical exfoliation approach and applied to remove methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution. The surface morphology and structure of the OGNs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption performance of OGNs towards aqueous MB was tested by batch experiments. Results showed that a large number of functional groups in OGNs enhanced the removal of MB from the aqueous solution due to the electrostatic interactions between the electrochemically oxygenated groups (e.g. C–OH, C–O, and C=O) and dye molecules. Using Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the maximum MB adsorption capacity (q
max) was determined as high as 476.19 mg g−1. These results suggested that the as-prepared OGNs is an effective and promising adsorbent for removing MB, which could be studied extensively for color removal in wastewater treatment.
Self-assembly nuclei with a preferred orientation at the extended hydrophobic surface toward textured growth of ZnO nanorods in aqueous chemical bath deposition
Authors: Yu Chia-Hao , Lo Chang-Chen , Chen Kuan-Hung , Chang Yih-Ren , Chen Chun-Wei , Wen Cheng-Yen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Textured growth of ZnO nanorods with no restriction of the substrate material is beneficial to their applications. The approaches to grow ZnO nanorods with texture are based on preparing suitable surface structure on the growth substrate, e.g. using a crystalline substrate with a specific surface structures or pre-depositing seed layers by high-temperature annealing of precursors. In the aqueous nutrient solution of the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process for ZnO growth, the concentration of Zn2+ ions at the extended hydrophobic surface is sufficiently high for forming self-assembly nuclei with a preferred orientation, resulting in the subsequent textured growth of ZnO nanorods. In this research, the hydrophobic surface is prepared by modifying Si surface with a self-assembly octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) monolayer. The formation mechanism of the nuclei on this hydrophobic surface for the textured growth of ZnO nanorods is investigated. It is shown that the nuclei form at the beginning of the CBD process and later transform into the Wurtzite structure to seed ZnO growth. An alternative approach to prepare seed layers is therefore involved in the aqueous CBD process, which is applicable to a range of hydrophobic substrates for textured growth of ZnO nanorods.
Pt nanoparticles embedded spine-like g-C3N4 nanostructures with superior photocatalytic activity for H2 generation and CO2 reduction
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Yang Ping , Jiang San Ping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride, 2D g-C3N4 with its layered structures and flat and smooth 2D surface possesses certain disadvantages that is affecting their photocatalytic performances. In this paper, new nanostructured spine-like three-dimensional (3D) g-C3N4 nanostructures are created for the first time via a new three-step synthesis method. In this method, self-assembly of layered precursors and H+ intercalation introduced by acid treatment play an important role for the unique nanostructure formation of 3D g-C3N4 nanostructures. The spine-like 3D g-C3N4 nanostructures show a superior photocatalytic performance for H2 generation, achieving 4500 μmol·g−1·h−1, 8.2 times higher than that on conventional 2D g-C3N4. Remarkably spine-like 3D g-C3N4 nanostructures demonstrate a clear photocatalytic activity toward CO2 reduction to CH4 (0.71 μmol·g−1·h−1) in contrast to the negligible photocatalytic performance of conventional 2D g-C3N4 for the reaction. Adding Pt clusters as co-catalysts substantially enhance the CH4 generation rate of the 3D g-C3N4 nanostructures by 4 times (2.7 μmol·g−1·h−1). Spine-like 3D g-C3N4 caged nanostructure leads to the significantly increased active sites and negatively shifted conduction band position in comparison with conventional 2D g-C3N4, favorable for the photocatalytic reduction reaction. This study demonstrates a new platform for the development of efficient photocatalysts based on nanostructured 3D g-C3N4 for H2 generation and conversion of CO2 to useful fuels such as CH4.
Differential pressure sensor using flexible piezoelectrics with pyroelectric compensation
Authors: Ramanathan Arun K , Headings Leon M , Dapino Marcelo J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a mechanically tough, low density piezoelectric polymer commercially available as a flexible film that can be conformed to arbitrarily-shaped surfaces using simple adhesive bonding. A fundamental challenge that prevents the implementation of piezoelectric sensors for pressure sensing applications is their inability to measure static or very low frequency signals. Further, due to their large pyroelectric constants, they are limited to measurements where the rate of change in temperature is smaller than the lower cutoff frequency of the system. Under steady flow conditions, the cantilever unimorph possesses the highest sensitivity compared to other conventional configurations such as compression, doubly clamped unimorphs, or diaphragms. However, to preserve the overall noninvasive nature and linearity of the sensor, it is necessary to optimize the geometry and material properties in order to maximize charge output while minimizing deflection. To address these challenges, this work focuses on the development of a cantilever PVDF unimorph for static differential pressure measurement with pyroelectric compensation. A design optimization procedure to maximize the charge sensitivity of a cantilever unimorph is presented and the optimized cantilever is interfaced with a large-time-constant, drift-compensated charge amplifier for near-static pressure measurements. Voltage error due to temperature changes accompanying the input flow is compensated using a compressive mode sensor and an empirical compensation algorithm. Within the investigated range, the sensitivity of the fabricated sensor is 1.05 mV Pa−1 with an average resolution of 10 Pa and 97.3% linearity.
SMART conductor on round core (CORC®) wire via integrated optical fibers
Authors: Scurti F , Weiss J D , van der Laan D C , Schwartz J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Superconducting cables based on high temperature superconductors (HTS) are necessary for applications requiring large currents and low inductance, such as compact fusion reactors. In this paper, we report the proof-of-concept of a SMART Conductor on Round Core (CORC®) wire realized via integration of optical fibers into the copper core. A SMART CORC® wire with integrated optical fibers was manufactured and its capabilities have been experimentally demonstrated. Results show that by interrogating the optical fibers via Rayleigh backscattering, a Spectral Shift signal as a function of time and position along the cable can be used to detect and locate hot-spots that are developed within the wire or its terminations. It has been found that highly localized current injection into the terminations could initiate hot-spots within the cable at locations where current redistribution between tapes occur. This effect is virtually eliminated when adequate current connections are used that inject current evenly along the cable terminations. Normal zone propagation velocities have been calculated as a function of time using Spectral Shift data for a heater-induced quench as well as a quench induced by overcurrent. In both cases the normal zone propagation velocity was about 6 cm s−1, but in the heater-induced experiment it was preceded by 500 ms of slower propagation at 2.5 cm s−1.
Long time universality of black-hole lasers
Authors: de Nova J R M , Palacios P F , Carusotto I , Sols F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For flowing quantum gases, it has been found that at long times an initial black-hole laser (BHL) configuration exhibits only two possible states: the ground state or a periodic self-oscillating state of continuous emission of solitons. So far, all the works on this subject are based on a highly idealized model, quite difficult to implement experimentally. Here we study the instability spectrum and the time evolution of a recently proposed realistic model of a BHL, thus providing a useful theoretical tool for the clear identification of black-hole lasing in future experiments. We further confirm the existence of a well-defined phase diagram at long times, which bespeaks universality in the long-time behavior of a BHL. Additionally, we develop a complementary model in which the same potential profile is applied to a subsonic homogeneous flowing condensate that, despite not forming a BHL, evolves toward the same phase diagram as the associated BHL model. This result reveals an even stronger form of robustness in the long-time behavior with respect to the transient, which goes beyond what has been described in the previous literature.
Emulation of magneto-optic Faraday effect using ultracold atoms
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Wang Z D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose an arresting scheme for emulating the famous Faraday effect in ultracold atomic gases. Inspired by the similarities between the light field and bosonic atoms, we represent the light propagation in medium by the atomic transport in accompany of the laser-atom interaction. An artificial magneto-optic Faraday effect (MOFE) is readily signaled by the spin imbalance of atoms, with the setup of laser fields offering a high controllability for quantum manipulation. The present scheme is really feasible and can be realized with existing experimental techniques of ultracold atoms. It generalizes the crucial concept of the MOFE to ultracold atomic physics, and opens a new way of quantum emulating and exploring the MOFE and associated intriguing physics.