bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting endocytosis in CGRP+ nociceptors attenuates inflammatory pain-like behavior
Authors: Powell Rasheen , Young Violet A. , Pryce Kerri D. , Sheehan Garrett D. , Bonsu Kwaku , Ahmed Abdulelah , Bhattacharjee Arin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe advantage of locally applied anesthetics is that they are not associated with the many adverse effects, including addiction liability, of systemically administered analgesics. This therapeutic approach has two inherent pitfalls: specificity and a short duration of action. Here, we identified nociceptor endocytosis as a promising target for local, specific, and long-lasting treatment of inflammatory pain. We observed preferential expression of AP2α2, an α-subunit isoform of the AP2 complex, within CGRP+/IB4- nociceptors in rodents and in CGRP+ dorsal root ganglion neurons from a human donor. We utilized genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit nociceptor endocytosis demonstrating its role in the development and maintenance of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. One-time injection of an AP2 inhibitor peptide significantly reduced acute and chronic pain-like behaviors and provided prolonged analgesia. We evidenced sexually dimorphic recovery responses to this pharmacological approach highlighting the importance of sex differences in pain development and response to analgesics.
An ensemble reconstruction of global monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration 1000–1849
Authors: Samakinwa Eric , Valler Veronika , Hand Ralf , Neukom Raphael , Gómez-Navarro Juan José , Kennedy John , Rayner Nick A. , Brönnimann Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a global monthly gridded Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Ice Concentration (SIC) dataset for the period 1000–1849, which can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric model simulations. The reconstruction is based on existing coarse-resolution annual temperature ensemble reconstructions, which are then augmented with intra-annual and sub-grid scale variability. The intra-annual component of HadISST.2.0 and oceanic indices estimated from the reconstructed annual mean are used to develop grid-based linear regressions in a monthly stratified approach. Similarly, we reconstruct SIC using analog resampling of HadISST.2.0 SIC (1941–2000), for both hemispheres. Analogs are pooled in four seasons, comprising of 3-months each. The best analogs are selected based on the correlation between each member of the reconstructed SST and its target. For the period 1780 to 1849, We assimilate historical observations of SST and night-time marine air temperature from the ICOADS dataset into our reconstruction using an offline Ensemble Kalman Filter approach. The resulting dataset is physically consistent with information from models, proxies, and observations.
Antioxidant and antibacterial insights into the leaves, leaf tea and medicinal roots from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.
Authors: Samuel Anim Okyere , Huang Bao-Ting , Chen Yuan , Guo Feng-Xia , Yang Dou-Dou , Jin Jian-Qin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsed as traditional Chinese medicine, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (A. membranaceus) roots are also used as tonic food material in a wide range of applications, while the leaves are left in the field, unused. Therefore, comprehensively exploring and utilizing the leaves will inevitably reduce the associated resource waste and environment pollution. In this study, the plant leaves were processed into tea using green tea processing technology. Bioactive components, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the Leaf Tea (LT) and Dry Leaves (DL) were studied, and compared to that of the Dry Roots (DR). The results showed that the polysaccharides content (POL) in the DR (20.44%) was twice as high as the DL (10.18%) and LT (8.68%). However, the DL contained 36.85% more water-soluble extracts (WSE), 35.09% more ethanol-soluble extracts (ESE), 409.63% more total flavonoid content (TFC), 221.01% more total phenolic content (TPC) and 94.34% more proteins, and the LT contained 26.21% more WSE, 40.64% more ESE, 326.93% more TFC, 191.90% more TPC and 37.71% more proteins. The total amino acid (AA) content in the DR was 8.89%, while in that of the DL and LT were 24.18% and 28.96% respectively, nearly 3-times higher than that of the DR. The antioxidant activity of DR was much lower than those of DL and LT, both of which had antioxidant activity closer to that of Vitamin C (VC) and the antioxidant activities were even stronger when the optimal concentration was reached. Except for Aspergillus niger and Staphylococcus aureus, the DL and DR exhibited inhibition activities to Salmonella, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and yeast, while the LT had antimicrobial activities against all the strains except for A. niger. In summary, compared with the most commonly used DR, the DL and LT from A. membranaceus contained higher bioactive components, and stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Producing leaf tea may be an appropriate way to economically and reasonably utilize the plant leaves which are by-products.
Mass spectrometry imaging of mice brain lipid profile changes over time under high fat diet
Authors: Sighinolfi Gianluca , Clark Samantha , Blanc Landry , Cota Daniela , Rhourri-Frih Boutayna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOverweight and obesity have been shown to significantly affect brain structures and size. Obesity has been associated with cerebral atrophy, alteration of brain functions, including cognitive impairement, and psychiatric diseases such as depression. Given the importance of lipids in the structure of the brain, here, by using 47 mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) with 60% calories from fat (40% saturated fatty acids) and 20% calories from carbohydrates and age-matched control animals on a normal chow diet, we examined the effects of HFD and diet-induced obesity on the brain lipidome. Using a targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis and a non-targeted mass spectrometry MALDI imaging approach, we show that the relative concentration of most lipids, in particular brain phospholipids, is modified by diet-induced obesity (+ 40%of body weight). Use of a non-targeted MALDI-MS imaging approach further allowed define cerebral regions of interest (ROI) involved in eating behavior and changes in their lipid profile. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the obese/chow lipidome revealed persistence of some of the changes in the brain lipidome of obese animals even after their switch to chow feeding and associated weight loss. Altogether, these data reveal that HFD feeding rapidly modifies the murine brain lipidome. Some of these HFD-induced changes persist even after weight loss, implying that some brain sequelae caused by diet-induced obesity are irreversible.
Japanese conservative messages propagate to moderate users better than their liberal counterparts on Twitter
Authors: Yoshida Mitsuo , Sakaki Takeshi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Toriumi Fujio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo examine conservative–liberal differences in the extent to which partisan tweets reach less partisan moderate users in a nonwestern context, we analyzed a network of retweets about former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. The analyses consistently demonstrated that partisan tweets originating from the conservative cluster reach a wider range of moderate users than those from the liberal cluster. Network analyses revealed that while the conservative and the liberal clusters’ internal structures were similar, the conservative cluster reciprocated the follows from moderate accounts at a higher rate than the liberal cluster. In addition, moderate accounts reciprocated the conservative cluster’s following at a higher rate than they did for the liberal cluster. The analysis of tweet content showed no difference in the frequency of hashtag use between conservatives and liberals, but there were differences in the use of emotion words and linguistic expressions. In particular, emotion words related to the propagation of messages, such as those expressing “dislike”, were used more frequently by conservatives, while the use of adjectives by conservatives was closer to that of moderate users, indicating that conservative tweets are more palatable for moderate users than liberal tweets.
Mauritia flexuosa palm trees airborne mapping with deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Arce Luciene Sales Dagher , Osco Lucas Prado , Arruda Mauro dos Santos de , Furuya Danielle Elis Garcia , Ramos Ana Paula Marques , Aoki Camila , Pott Arnildo , Fatholahi Sarah , Li Jonathan , Araújo Fábio Fernando de , Gonçalves Wesley Nunes , Marcato Junior José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccurately mapping individual tree species in densely forested environments is crucial to forest inventory. When considering only RGB images, this is a challenging task for many automatic photogrammetry processes. The main reason for that is the spectral similarity between species in RGB scenes, which can be a hindrance for most automatic methods. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to detect an important multi-use species of palm trees (Mauritia flexuosa; i.e., Buriti) on aerial RGB imagery. In South-America, this palm tree is essential for many indigenous and local communities because of its characteristics. The species is also a valuable indicator of water resources, which comes as a benefit for mapping its location. The method is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify and geolocate singular tree species in a high-complexity forest environment. The results returned a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.75 trees and an F1-measure of 86.9%. These results are better than Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet methods considering equal experiment conditions. In conclusion, the method presented is efficient to deal with a high-density forest scenario and can accurately map the location of single species like the M. flexuosa palm tree and may be useful for future frameworks.
The mannose receptor (CD206) identifies a population of colonic macrophages in health and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wright Pamela B. , McDonald Elizabeth , Bravo-Blas Alberto , Baer Hannah M. , Heawood Anna , Bain Calum C. , Mowat Allan M. , Clay Slater L. , Robertson Elaine V. , Morton Fraser , Nijjar Jagtar Singh , Ijaz Umer Z. , Milling Simon W. F. , Gaya Daniel R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo understand the contribution of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), which include monocyte-derived intestinal macrophages, to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is necessary to identify functionally-different MNP populations. We aimed to characterise intestinal macrophage populations in patients with IBD. We developed 12-parameter flow cytometry protocols to identify and human intestinal MNPs. We used these protocols to purify and characterize colonic macrophages from colonic tissue from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or non-inflamed controls, in a cross-sectional study. We identify macrophage populations (CD45+CD64+ HLA-DR+) and describe two distinct subsets, differentiated by their expression of the mannose receptor, CD206. CD206+ macrophages expressed markers consistent with a mature phenotype: high levels of CD68 and CD163, higher transcription of IL-10 and lower expression of TREM1. CD206− macrophages appear to be less mature, with features more similar to their monocytic precursors. We identified and purified macrophage populations from human colon. These appear to be derived from a monocytic precursor with high CCR2 and low CD206 expression. As these cells mature, they acquire expression of IL-10, CD206, CD63, and CD168. Targeting the newly recruited monocyte-derived cells may represent a fruitful avenue to ameliorate chronic inflammation in IBD.
Routing algorithms as tools for integrating social distancing with emergency evacuation
Authors: Tsai Yi-Lin , Rastogi Chetanya , Kitanidis Peter K. , Field Christopher B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic is the importance of social distancing, even in challenging circumstances such as pre-hurricane evacuation. To explore the implications of integrating social distancing with evacuation operations, we describe this evacuation process as a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) and solve it using a DNN (Deep Neural Network)-based solution (Deep Reinforcement Learning) and a non-DNN solution (Sweep Algorithm). A central question is whether Deep Reinforcement Learning provides sufficient extra routing efficiency to accommodate increased social distancing in a time-constrained evacuation operation. We found that, in comparison to the Sweep Algorithm, Deep Reinforcement Learning can provide decision-makers with more efficient routing. However, the evacuation time saved by Deep Reinforcement Learning does not come close to compensating for the extra time required for social distancing, and its advantage disappears as the emergency vehicle capacity approaches the number of people per household.
Mongolian pine forest decline by the combinatory effect of European woodwasp and plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Li Chunchun , Luo Youqing , Ren Lili , Lv Ning , Zhou Jing-Jiang , Wang Senshan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInteractions between the decline of Mongolian pine woodlands and fungal communities and invasive pests in northeastern China are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities occurring in three tree samples: the woodwaspSirex noctilioinfested, healthy uninfested and unhealthy uninfested Mongolian pine trees. We analyzed the relationships of the Mongolian pine decline with fungal infection and woodwasp infestation. Twenty-six fungal species were identified from the sampled trees. Each tree sample harbored a fungal endophyte community with a unique structure. Pathogenic fungi richness was four times higher in infested and unhealthy un-infested trees compared to that in healthy uninfested trees.Sphaeropsis sapineawas the most dominant pathogenic fungus in the sampled Mongolian pine trees. The number ofS. noctiliowas higher than native bark beetles in the declining Mongolian pine trees. The invasion of the woodwasp appeared to be promoted by the fungal infection in the Mongolian pine trees. The incidence ofS. noctilioinfestation was higher in the fungi infected trees (83.22%) than those without infection (38.72%).S. sapineapopulation exhibited positive associations with within-tree colonization ofS. noctilioand bark beetle. Collectively, these data indicate that the fungal disease may have caused as the initial reason the decline of the Mongolian pine trees, and also provided convenient conditions for the successful colonization of the woodwasp. The woodwasps attack the Mongolian pine trees infected by fungi and accelerated its decline.
A novel method for liquid-phase extraction of cell-free DNA for detection of circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Janku Filip , Huang Helen J. , Pereira David Y. , Kobayashi Masae , Chiu Chung Hei , Call S. Greg , Woodbury Kristen T. , Chao Felix , Marshak Daniel R. , Chiu Ricky Y. T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLow yields of extracted cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma limit continued development of liquid biopsy in cancer, especially in early-stage cancer diagnostics and cancer screening applications. We investigate a novel liquid-phase-based DNA isolation method that utilizes aqueous two-phase systems to purify and concentrate circulating cfDNA. The PHASIFY MAX and PHASIFY ENRICH kits were compared to a commonly employed solid-phase extraction method on their ability to extract cfDNA from a set of 91 frozen plasma samples from cancer patients. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used as the downstream diagnostic to detect mutant copies. Compared to the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid (QCNA) kit, the PHASIFY MAX method demonstrated 60% increase in DNA yield and 171% increase in mutant copy recovery, and the PHASIFY ENRICH kit demonstrated a 35% decrease in DNA yield with a 153% increase in mutant copy recovery. A follow-up study with PHASIFY ENRICH resulted in the positive conversion of 9 out of 47 plasma samples previously determined negative with QCNA extraction (all with known positive tissue genotyping). Our results indicate that this novel extraction technique offers higher cfDNA recovery resulting in better sensitivity for detection of cfDNA mutations compared to a commonly used solid-phase extraction method.
The SARS-CoV-2 first wave impact in the acute inflammatory surgical pathologies
Authors: Guadalajara H. , Muñoz de Nova J. L. , Yiasemidou M. , Recarte Rico M. , Juez L. D. , García Septiem J. , Galindo Jara P. , García Virosta M. , Lobo Martínez E. , Martín-Pérez E. , Fernandez Gonzalez S. , Lopez-Fernandez O. , García-Olmo D. ,   PIACO Collaboration Group, Fernández-Cebrián J. M. , Jover J. M. , Acín-Gándara D. , Perea-del-Pozo E. , Dios-Barbeito S. , Martin-Antona E. , Durán-Poveda M. , Peinado Iribar B. , Pascual Migueláñez I. , Gortázar de las Casas S. , Fernández Luengas D. , Garcia Chiloeches A. , Puerta A. , Martín-Pérez E. , García del Álamo Hernández Y. , Maqueda González R. , Lathan R. , Gutiérrez Samaniego M. , Colao García L. , Núñez O’Sullivan S. , Vaquero M. A. , Picardo Nieto A. , Blazquez Martin A. , Vera-Mansilla C. , Soto Schüte S. , Gutiérrez Calvo A. , Sanchez Argüeso A. , Hernández-Villafranca S. , Qian Zhang S. , Mínguez García J. , Casalduero García L. , Iparraguirre M. A. , Florez Gamarra M. , Arguello Andres J. M. , Tallon Iglesias B. , Pereira Perez F. , Aparicio-Sanchez D. , Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado V. , Pareja-Ciuró F. , Cano-Valderrama O. , Torres-Garcia A. J. , Zarain Obrador L. , Moreno A. , Garcia Ureña M. A. , Paseiro G. , Fuenmayor-Valera M. L. , Pardo R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnecdotal evidence suggests that community infection control measures during the COVID-19 outbreak have modified the number and natural history of acute surgical inflammatory processes (ASIP—appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis and perianal abscesses) admissions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and treatment ASIP and quantify the effect of COVID-19 infection on the outcomes of ASIP patients. This was a multicentre, comparative study, whereby ASIP cases from 2019, 2020 and 2021 (March 14th to May 2nd) were analyzed. Data regarding patient and disease characteristics as well as outcomes, were collected from sixteen centres in Madrid, and one in Seville (Spain). The number of patients treated for ASIP in 2019 was 822 compared to 521 in 2020 and 835 in 2021. This 1/3rd reduction occurs mainly in patients with mild cases, while the number of severe cases was similar. Surgical standards suffered a step back during the first wave: Lower laparoscopic approach and longer length of stay. We also found a more conservative approach to the patients this year, non-justified by clinical circumstances. Luckily these standards improved again in 2021. The positive COVID-19 status itself did not have a direct impact on mortality. Strikingly, none of the 33 surgically treated COVID positive patients during both years died postoperatively. This is an interesting finding which, if confirmed through future research with a larger sample size of COVID-19 positive patients, can expedite the recovery phase of acute surgical services.
Addressing hospitalisations with non-error-free data by generalised SEIR modelling of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mendes Jorge M. , Coelho Pedro S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSuccessive generalisations of the basic SEIR model have been proposed to accommodate the different needs of the organisations handling the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. These generalisations have not been able until today to represent the potential of the epidemic to overwhelm hospital capacity until today. This work builds on previous generalisations, including a new compartment for hospital occupancy that allows accounting for the infected patients that need specialised medical attention. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the hospitalisations rate and probability as well as of the recovery rates for hospitalised and non-hospitalised individuals is achieved, offering new information and predictions of crucial importance for the planning of the health systems and global epidemic response. Additionally, a new methodology to calibrate epidemic flows between compartments is proposed. We conclude that the two-step calibration procedure is able to recalibrate non-error-free data and showed crucial to reconstruct the series in a specific situation characterised by significant errors over the official recovery cases. The performed modelling also allowed us to understand how effective the several interventions (lockdown or other mobility restriction measures) were, offering insight for helping public authorities to set the timing and intensity of the measures in order to avoid the implosion of the health systems.
Perinatal mortality and its association with antenatal care visit, maternal tetanus toxoid immunization and partograph utilization in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Desta Melaku , Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Alamneh Yoseph Merkeb , Talie Asmare , Alemu Addisu Alehegn , Tessema Zenaw , Yibeltal Desalegn , Alamneh Alehegn Aderaw , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw , Getaneh Temesgen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite remarkable progress in the reduction of under-five mortality; perinatal mortality is the major public health problem in Africa. In Ethiopia, the study findings on perinatal mortality and its predictors were inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled perinatal mortality, and its association with antenatal care visit, maternal tetanus toxoid immunization, and partograph monitoring. International databases like PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Science Direct were systematically searched. I squared statistics was used to determine the levels of heterogeneity across studies and the pooled estimate was computed using a random-effect model. The meta-analysis showed that a pooled prevalence of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia was 6.00% (95% CI 5.00%, 7.00%). The highest proportion of perinatal mortality was a stillbirth, 5.00% (95% CI 4.00%, 7.00%). Women who had antenatal care visit [OR = 0.20 (95% CI 0.12, 0.34)], maternal tetanus toxoid immunization [OR = 0.43 (95% CI 0.24, 0.77)] and partograph monitoring [POR = 0.22 (95% CI 0.06, 0.76)] reduced the risk of perinatal mortality. Whereas, previous history of perinatal mortality [POR = 7.95 (95% CI 5.59, 11.30)] and abortion history (POR = 2.02 (95% CI 1.18, 3.46)) significantly increased the risk of perinatal mortality. Therefore, antenatal care visit, maternal tetanus toxoid vaccination uptake, and partograph utilization should be an area of improvements to reduce perinatal mortality.