bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental stage variation inSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) low temperature tolerance: implications for overwintering
Authors: Keosentse Onalethata , Mutamiswa Reyard , Du Plessis Hannalene , Nyamukondiwa Casper 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a very destructive polyphagous insect pest of cereal crops accounting for up to 100% yield losses. To survive winter low temperatures in the Americas, adults FAW are known to migrate south for warmer climates and then re‐invade northern USA and Canada the following summer. Since its African invasion, no studies have looked at its overwintering biology. Specifically, there is no information onin situontogenetic low temperature tolerance, despite its significance in explaining overwintering survival. Here, we thus investigated low temperature tolerance of FAW larvae (3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th) and adults from field populations through assessing basal stress tolerance (critical thermal minima [CTmin], supercooling point [SCP] and chill coma recovery time [CCRT]) and plasticity using standardized protocols. Our results showed significant life stage effects on low temperature tolerance, although all were chill‐susceptible. Adults had lower CTminand CCRT than larvae (higher cold tolerance). However, early instar larvae had significantly depressed SCPs than later instars and adults. All larval instars tested showed no plastic responses to CTmin, while for adults, cold hardening appeared to come at a cost of CTmin. These results suggest ontogenetic differences inS. frugiperdacold hardiness albeit all are susceptible to chilling. Second, the absence or cost of hardening confirms FAW's maladaptation to low temperatures. However, Botswana microclimate records show that severe low temperature stress is limited, and thus,in situoverwintering is possible. These results are important in developing informed pest management options for effective management of FAW in Africa.
How might access to postgraduate medical education in regional and rural locations be best improved? A scoping review
Authors: Kiuru Sampsa P. , Webster Craig S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRural medical education is known as one of the most effective strategies in improving rural recruitment and retention. The aim was to identify modes of delivery to improve access to rural postgraduate medical education. Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework was used for conducting scoping reviews. CINAHL, Google Scholar, ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline and PubMed were searched to identify peer‐reviewed English‐language literature published between 2000 and 2019 focusing on postgraduate rural and regional medical education. A total of 102 articles were identified, with 51 included in the final analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome measures included: article type; research methodology; date of publication; country of origin; and study population. Through iterative reading, common themes were identified. A typology of 6 content themes emerged as follows: rural curriculum; procedural skills; rurally based learning; service delivery; workforce; and distance learning. The majority of articles focused on rural curriculum, and rurally based learning, with half originating from Australia or New Zealand. Although results strongly emphasised context and curriculum in rural environments, lack of specific and pragmatic approaches was noted. Surprisingly, few articles focused on rural distance learning utilising information and communication technology. Pathways to improve rural education access include recognition of the unique rural context in curriculums; development of rural educational faculty; and creation of opportunities for rural specialist training. Emphasis should be given for education provided through rural centres rather than urban facilities. Use of information technology could be increased, for example in remote trainee supervision programs.
Anaemia and its impact on colorectal cancer patients: how can we better optimize surgical outcomes?
Authors: Roberts Vanessa , Deftereos Irene , Mahbub Bilkis , Simons Koen , Faragher Ian , Chan Steven T. F. , Yeung Justin M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia is a common manifestation of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, appropriate workup prior to surgery and the effect of anaemia on outcomes have not been well defined. This study aimed to describe preoperative anaemia incidence, investigations performed, treatment and associated complications in a CRC surgical population at a single large tertiary institution in Australia.MethodsPatients who received surgery with curative intent for CRC between 2012 and 2017 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic and clinical outcome data were analysed.ResultsIn total, 754 patients with CRC were included. Anaemia was found in 350 (46.4%) patients, of which 124 (35.4%) were microcytic, 20 (5.7%) were macrocytic and 206 (58.9%) were normocytic. Older patients were more likely to have anaemia (mean age 70.28 years, standard deviation (SD) 12.98 versus 64.74 years, SD 11.74). Only 89 patients (25.4%) were tested for iron deficiency, and of these, 76 (85.4%) were found to be iron deficient and 42 (47.7%) had low ferritin. Preoperative anaemia was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95%, CI 1.04–2.05; P = 0.03) and a longer length of stay (LOS; average 1.8 days; 95% CI 0.3–3.3 days).ConclusionA significant proportion of CRC patients had anaemia and the majority were normocytic. Only a small number of anaemic patients were tested for iron deficiency. Preoperative anaemia had an adverse effect on LOS and postoperative complications. The evaluation of anaemic patients is essential in CRC patients undergoing surgery.
Insight into del17p low‐frequency subclones in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): data from the Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group (ALLG)/CLL Australian Research Consortium (CLLARC) CLL5 trial
Authors: Do Cuc , Best O. Giles , Thurgood Lauren , Hotinski Anya , Apostolou Sinoula , Mulligan Stephen P. , Lower Karen , Kuss Bryone 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe clinical significance of low‐frequency deletions of 17p13 [tumour protein p53 (TP53)] in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is currently unclear. Low‐frequency del17p clones (<25%) were identified in 15/95 patients in the Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group (ALLG)/CLL Australian Research Consortium (CLLARC) CLL5 trial. Patients with low del17p, without tumour protein p53 (TP53) mutation, had significantly longer progression‐free survival and overall survival durations than patients with high del17p clones. In 11/15 cases with low‐frequency del17p, subclones solely with del17p or del13q were also noted. These data suggest that low‐frequency del17p does not necessarily confer a poor outcome in CLL and challenges the notion of del13q as a founding event in CLL.
Influence of climatic variables on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient attendance to a pulmonary rehabilitation program
Authors: Almadana Pacheco Virginia , Benito Bernáldez Cristina , Gómez‐Bastero Fernández Ana Paulina , Muñiz Rodríguez Ana Miriam , López Gutiérrez Yolanda , Valido Morales Agustín S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeImplementing adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs is key to obtaining the best results. The objective of our study was to evaluate the influence of weather conditions (humidity, temperature, and precipitation) on attendance to a PR program in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.MethodsThis prospective observational study, carried out in Seville (Spain), included COPD patients who participated in a 36‐session outpatient mixed (strength and endurance) training program for 12 weeks. The program included educational sessions as well. The attendance at the program scheduled sessions during 1 year was evaluated in relation to the meteorological conditions of relative humidity in percentage (%), temperature in degree centigrade (°C), and precipitation in millimeters (mm) according to the data from the State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) and the meteorological center of La Rinconada.ResultsA total of 81 COPD patients who underwent 2903 sessions were analyzed. The annual average attendance of the program was 78.6%. No differences were found in the attendance to the program depending on the climatic conditions evaluated throughout the year.ConclusionsIn a specific geographical area such as Seville, meteorological conditions are not a determining factor of attendance to the PR program for COPD patients.
Human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) gene expression and chromosome 7 ploidy correlate positively with histological grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Aggarwal Divya , Wadhwa Neelam , Arora Tanvi , Rajaram Shalini , Diwaker Preeti , Halder Ashutosh , Jain Manish , Mishra Kiran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveCervical cancer screening by primary human papilloma virus detection and cytology is fraught with low specificity and variable sensitivity, respectively. Cytology‐histology correlation remains modest. Biomarkers associated with early genetic events in cervical squamous carcinogenesis and detectable in cytology material are likely to be relevant. Human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) gene overexpression and aneuploidy are promising candidates in view of their reported early and consistent association with cervical squamous oncogenesis.MethodsWe analysed hTERC gene expression and chromosome 7 ploidy by fluorescent in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) in 50 women with cytological precursor squamous intraepithelial lesions and available histology outcomes. Results were expressed as percentages of cells showing ≥3 signals, mean signals/nucleus, and maximum amplitude across various cytology and histology categories. Proportions of positive cases were calculated from threshold values derived from 6 controls. Distribution of above indices with respect to ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) was explored.ResultsFor both genetic aberrations, there was significant positive correlation (for all indices) between the proportion of positive cases and worsening cytological and histological outcomes (P < .05), with significant intergroup differences (P < .05). High‐grade lesions (≥CIN2) had significantly higher results compared to <CIN2 lesions (P ≤ .001). In five discordant cases with ≥CIN2 under‐ or overdiagnosed on cytology, FISH supported the histological diagnosis.ConclusionsHTERC gene amplification and chromosome 7 ploidy showed positive association with cervical squamous carcinogenesis and could be relevant in settings of discrepant cytology‐histology correlation.
Integrative developmental biology in the age of anthropogenic change
Authors: Sanger Thomas J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHumans are changing and challenging nature in many ways. Conservation Biology seeks to limit human impacts on nature and preserve biological diversity. Traditionally, Developmental Biology and Conservation Biology have had nonoverlapping objectives, operating in distinct spheres of biological science. However, this chasm can and should be filled to help combat the emerging challenges of the 21st century. The means by which to accomplish this goal were already established within the conceptual framework of evo‐ and eco‐devo and can be further expanded to address the ways that anthropogenic disturbance affect embryonic development. Herein, I describe ways that these approaches can be used to advance the study of reptilian embryos. More specifically, I explore the ways that a developmental perspective can advance ongoing studies of embryonic physiology in the context of global warming and chemical pollution, both of which are known stressors of reptilian embryos. I emphasize ways that these developmental perspectives can inform conservation biologists trying to develop management practices that will address the complexity of challenges facing reptilian embryos.
Mobile application for monitoring behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with moderate to severe dementia
Authors: Rangseekajee Poonsri , Aphisitphinyo Sirinapa , Paholpak Pattharee , Piyavhatkul Nawanant , Vadhanavikkit Papan , Kaenampornpan Manasawee , Paholpak Pongsatorn 
Published: April 2021

AimBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in patients with moderate–severe dementia and have negative impacts on both patients and caregivers. There is a lack of a tool for caregivers to monitor patients' BPSD by themselves. This study aimed to develop and validate a mobile application for caregivers to use in monitoring BPSD.MethodsA total of 104 pairs of patients with moderate–severe dementia and their caregivers completed the study. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was modified and digitally transformed to a caregiver‐rating mobile application to quantify nine domains of BPSD for their frequency and impact on the emotion of the caregivers. Data collected from the application were compared with the paper‐and‐pencil NPI for prevalence, concurrent validity (Spearman's rho) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha).ResultsThe application was able to detect 93% of BPSD compared with the NPI. Concurrent validity was good–very good when compared with the Frequency × Severity score (ρ = 0.77, P < 0.001) and the burden score (ρ = 0.85, P < 0.001) from the NPI. Levels of internal consistency were acceptable for both frequency (α = 0.73) and impact (α = 0.79) scores. 80% of the caregivers reported that the application was “very likely to be helpful in caregiving”.ConclusionsThe mobile application for monitoring BPSD in patients with moderate–severe dementia had an excellent sensitivity, and good–very good validity and consistency. The caregivers had a positive perception of the application as an aid in caregiving. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 472–477.
Gender and telework: Work and family experiences of teleworking professional, middle‐class, married women with children during the Covid‐19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Çoban Sevgi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the teleworking experiences of professional, middle‐class, married women with children in Turkey in the context of Covid‐19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to understand how switching to telework affected their family and work life during the Covid‐19 lockdown. Semi‐structured interviews were held during the lockdown measures with 18 women for this purpose. Interview questions include description of an ordinary day before and during pandemic; sharing of domestic chores by the spouses and teleworking experiences during the pandemic. A thematic analysis revealed how their work and family lives have been changed by Covid‐19 lockdown. The study has revealed four major themes: women's domestic status during the pandemic, women's work status during the pandemic, status of the husband at home, and women's teleworking experiences. Findings revealed that teleworking regulations that have been implemented due to the pandemic have the risks of detaching women from professional work, precarizing their labor, and consolidating their roles as traditional housewives.
Structure and robustness of the Neotropical ant‐gardens network under climate change
Authors: Morales‐Linares Jonas , Flores‐Palacios Alejandro , Corona‐LÓpez Angélica María , Toledo‐HernÁndez Víctor Hugo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Knowing, predicting, and comparing the interactions among species of different assemblages allows the determination of both the structure and robustness of the ecological networks. However, this has been little studied for species assemblages with obligate associations across a wide geographic scale and under a global climate change context.
We studied the Neotropical ant‐gardens (AGs), considered as a specialised mutualist system constituted of epiphytic plants that specifically inhabit nests of arboreal ants. We used the niche modelling and complex networks approaches to infer the interactions (range overlaps) between the ants and epiphytes that comprise the AGs and thus constructed AG quantitative networks for the current time and future scenarios of climate change. Also, we compared the structure (nestedness and modularity) and specialisation of the AG network with other ecological networks, and we evaluated their robustness through the simulated extinction of species.
The AG network was formed by six ant species and 16 epiphyte species, generally of wide distribution. This low species number coincided with specialised networks, but the structure was more similar to that of the facultative networks, since it presented high nestedness and low modularity and specialisation. The network structure was maintained under the climate change scenarios, which also coincides with its high robustness in the face of the extinction of species.
The AGs are a specialised system of wide distribution, but ant–epiphyte interactions are generalist, suggesting that the Neotropical AG network is cohesive and robust in the face of global perturbations.
Sustained effect of two antioxidants (oxothiazolidine and δ‐tocopheryl glucoside) for immediate and long‐term sun protection in a sunscreen emulsion based on their different penetrating properties
Authors: Jacques Carine , Bacqueville Daniel , Jeanjean‐Miquel Corinne , Génies Camille , Noizet Maité , Tourette Amelie , Bessou‐Touya Sandrine , Duplan Hélène 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the dermal bioavailability and antioxidative properties of a sunscreen formulation containing two antioxidants, oxothiazolidine (OTZ) and δ‐tocopheryl glucoside (DTG). OTZ reacts directly with reactive oxygen species to form taurine, while DTG is metabolized in δ‐tocopherol to achieve antioxidative activities.MethodsAfter topical application to a hair follicle‐derived reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model, followed by solar‐simulated radiation, kinetics of bioavailability and antioxidative responses were measured over 24 h. Markers for oxidative stress were malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities.ResultsThe two antioxidants had different bioavailability profiles: OTZ was rapidly and extensively absorbed, whereas DTG was slowly absorbed and converted to δ‐tocopherol. Compared to OTZ alone, the protection against effects on MDA levels and SOD and catalase activities was higher when DTG was used alone or in combination with OTZ. When used in combination, the degree of protection increased over time and remained constant over 24 h with maximal protection 2 h post‐irradiation. DTG slowly penetrated into the skin and was present in the skin at all post‐irradiation timepoints, thus allowing a slow but constant supply of δ‐tocopherol over at least 24 h. By contrast, the oxidative protection by OTZ was immediate but short‐lived due to its rapid penetration through the RHE and into the receptor fluid.ConclusionThese results indicate a complementary sunlight protective action of OTZ and DTG with an immediate delivery of OTZ just after topical application of the formulation, and a prolonged skin delivery of δ‐tocopherol from the slower penetration and metabolism of DTG.
Developing acute care‐based mental health nurses' knowledge and skills in providing recovery‐orientated care: A mixed methods study
Authors: Nardella Natalie , Hooper Suzie , Lau Rosalind , Hutchinson Anastasia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecovery‐oriented principles have progressively been accepted as a standard of mental health practice in many countries, including Australia. A private mental health Clinic in Melbourne, Australia, is dedicated to embedding the principles of recovery‐oriented practice into care by (i) providing recovery education and training for their staff and (ii) co‐designing resources with consumers to promote active consumer engagement and participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of these initiatives on staff knowledge and provision of recovery‐oriented care in acute care. Two groups of study participants were recruited: the first group completed the staff training programme introducing the concept of recovery‐oriented practice, and the second group was a convenience sample of nurses recruited 12 months later working on the acute inpatient wards at the study site. Nurses completed Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI) and Recovery Self‐Assessment (RSA‐Provider) surveys and participated in a focus group discussion. The three major themes identified from the focus group discussion were as follows: (i) nurses’ understanding of personal recovery‐orientated practice, (ii) how to embed personal recovery‐oriented care into practice, and (iii) barriers to consumer participation in recovery‐oriented activities in acute care. There were significant differences between the two groups on the RKI subscale scores of ‘Expectations regarding recovery’ and the ‘Roles of self‐definition and peers in recovery’ and ‘Life goals’ and ‘Choice’ factors on the RSA subscale scores. There were some gaps in the nurses’ knowledge and implementation of personal recovery‐oriented concepts, highlighting the need for further training and cultural change.
Chemical durability of borosilicate pharmaceutical glasses: Mixed alkaline earth effect with varying [MgO]/[CaO] ratio
Authors: Yang Rui , Liu Hongshen , Ding Zhijie , Zheng Jinfeng , Mauro John C. , Kim Seong H. , Zheng Qiuju 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlass for pharmaceutical packaging requires high chemical durability for the safe storage and distribution of newly developed medicines. In borosilicate pharmaceutical glasses which typically contain a mixture of different modifier ions (alkali or alkaline earth), the dependence of the chemical durability on alkaline earth oxide concentrations is not well understood. Here, we have designed a series of borosilicate glasses with systematic substitutions of CaO with MgO while keeping their total concentrations at 13 mol% and a fixed Na2O concentration of 12.7 mol%. We used these glasses to investigate the influence of R = [MgO]/([MgO] + [CaO]) on the resistance to aqueous corrosion at 80°C for 40 days. It was found that this type of borosilicate glass undergoes both leaching of modifier ions through an ion exchange process and etching of the glass network, leading to dissolution of the glass surface. Based on the concentration analysis of the Si and B species dissolved into the solution phase, the dissolved layer thickness was found to increase from ~100 to ~170 nm as R increases from 0 to 1. The depth profiling analysis of the glasses retrieved from the solution showed that the concentration of modifier ions (Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) at the interface between the solution and the corroded glass surface decreased to around 40%–60% of the corresponding bulk concentrations, regardless of R and the leaching of modifier cations resulted in a silica‐rich layer in the surface. The leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions occurred within ~50 and <25 nm, respectively, from the glass surface and this thickness was not a strong function of R. The leaching of Na+ ions varied monotonically; the thickness of the Na+ depletion layer increased from ~100 nm at R = 0 to ~200 nm at R = 1. Vibrational spectroscopy analysis suggested that the partial depletion of the ions may have caused some degree of the network re‐arrangement or re‐polymerization in the corroded layer. Overall, these results suggested that for the borosilicate glass, replacing [CaO] with [MgO] deteriorates the chemical durability in aqueous solution.