bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using GIS-based water quality index in urban area of Abaya-Chemo sub-basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Aragaw Tamru Tesseme , Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGroundwater is the major resource for drinking and irrigation purposes in urban areas of Abaya-Chemo sub-basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia. There is an incredible increase in demand in the sub-basin for good-quality groundwater resources. However, the exhaustive irrigation and rapid urbanization has posed a serious threat to groundwater quality in the urban districts of sub-basin like Arba Minch town. The aim of the study was to evaluate the groundwater quality status and to map their spatial distribution with respect to the suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Arba Minch town, Ethiopia. Fourteen bore well samples were examined for geochemical variations and groundwater qualities. The spatial distribution maps of quality parameters were prepared using the kriging method in ArcGIS 10.3. Drinking water quality index, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percentage sodium (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and permeability index (PI) were considered for drinking and irrigation suitability assessment. Comparison of the hydrochemical results with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ethiopian drinking water standards (ES) and various classifications revealed that the current status of the groundwaters is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes except for a few sites at the northwestern part of the study area. The WQI results revealed that 7% and 64% of samples fall from excellent to good classes for drinking categories. Irrigation indices also demonstrated that 80% of samples fall in good classes for irrigation purposes. About 75 percent of samples belong to Ca–Mg-HCO3 facies, and the reaming samples belong to Ca–Mg–Cl facies. The results of the study concluded that the proposed approach is reliable and efficient for the groundwater pollution status evaluation and can also be applied in decision making for effective groundwater resources monitoring in the study area.
Effect of dietary fat intake and genetic risk on glucose and insulin-related traits in Brazilian young adults
Authors: Alsulami Sooad , Cruvinel Nathália Teixeira , da Silva Nara Rubia , Antoneli Ana Carolina , Lovegrove Julie A. , Horst Maria Aderuza , Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is closely linked to a complex interplay between genetic and dietary factors. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and high blood pressure among Brazilian adolescents is increasing and hence, early lifestyle interventions targeting these factors might be an effective strategy to prevent or slow the progression of T2D.

Methods
We aimed to assess the interaction between dietary and genetic factors on metabolic disease-related traits in 200 healthy Brazilian young adults. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food records. Ten metabolic disease-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct a metabolic-genetic risk score (metabolic-GRS).

Results
We found significant interactions between the metabolic-GRS and total fat intake on fasting insulin level (Pinteraction = 0.017), insulin-glucose ratio (Pinteraction = 0.010) and HOMA-B (Pinteraction = 0.002), respectively, in addition to a borderline GRS-fat intake interaction on HOMA-IR (Pinteraction = 0.051). Within the high-fat intake category [37.98 ± 3.39% of total energy intake (TEI)], individuals with ≥ 5 risk alleles had increased fasting insulin level (P = 0.021), insulin-glucose ratio (P = 0.010), HOMA-B (P = 0.001) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.053) than those with < 5 risk alleles.

Conclusion
Our study has demonstrated a novel GRS-fat intake interaction in young Brazilian adults, where individuals with higher genetic risk and fat intake had increased glucose and insulin-related traits than those with lower genetic risk. Large intervention and follow-up studies with an objective assessment of dietary factors are needed to confirm our findings.
Multiparametric ultrasound evaluation of a case of bilateral carotid body tumor
Authors: Pacini Patrizia , Polti Giorgia , Faggiano Antongiulio , Giannetta Elisa , Tarsitano Maria Grazia , Cantisani Vito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParagangliomas are a rare form of highly vascularized tumors that originate from paraganglia Baysal (J Med Genet 39: 617–622, 2002). In the head and neck PGL arise primarily in four distinct areas: vagal, middle ear, and larynx and more frequently carotid bifurcation. Imaging evaluations include sonography, color Doppler, US-elastosonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Additionally, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as well as digital subtraction angiography can be performed Stoeckli et al. (Laryngoscope 112: 143–146, 2002). We present herein a case of a rare bilateral carotid body tumor assessed with multiparametric ultrasound evaluation, including CEUS and US-elastography.
Evolutionary multiple instance boosting framework for weakly supervised learning
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kamanasish , Pant Millie , Srivastava Shilpa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultiple instance boosting (MILBoost) is a framework which uses multiple instance learning (MIL) with boosting technique to solve the problems regarding weakly labeled inexact data. This paper proposes an enhanced multiple boosting framework—evolutionary MILBoost (EMILBoost) which utilizes differential evolution (DE) to optimize the combination of weak classifier or weak estimator weights in the framework. A standard MIL dataset MUSK and a binary classification dataset Hastie_10_2 are used to evaluate the results. Results are presented in terms of bag and instance classification error and also confusion matrix of test data.
Oxygen-Deficient β-MnO2@Graphene Oxide Cathode for High-Rate and Long-Life Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Shouxiang , Zhang Mingzheng , Qin Runzhi , Fang Jianjun , Ren Hengyu , Yi Haocong , Liu Lele , Zhao Wenguang , Li Yang , Yao Lu , Li Shunning , Zhao Qinghe , Pan Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a booming interest in grid-scale electrochemical energy storage, where much attention has been paid to the aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Among various cathode materials for AZIBs, manganese oxides have risen to prominence due to their high energy density and low cost. However, sluggish reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability dictate against their practical application. Herein, we demonstrate the combined use of defect engineering and interfacial optimization that can simultaneously promote rate capability and cycling stability of MnO2 cathodes. β-MnO2 with abundant oxygen vacancies (VO) and graphene oxide (GO) wrapping is synthesized, in which VO in the bulk accelerate the charge/discharge kinetics while GO on the surfaces inhibits the Mn dissolution. This electrode shows a sustained reversible capacity of ~ 129.6 mAh g−1 even after 2000 cycles at a current rate of 4C, outperforming the state-of-the-art MnO2-based cathodes. The superior performance can be rationalized by the direct interaction between surface VO and the GO coating layer, as well as the regulation of structural evolution of β-MnO2 during cycling. The combinatorial design scheme in this work offers a practical pathway for obtaining high-rate and long-life cathodes for AZIBs.
Difference in polypropylene fragmentation mechanism between marine and terrestrial regions
Authors: Nakatani Hisayuki , Muraoka Takuya , Ohshima Yuina , Motokucho Suguru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo kinds of marine polypropylene (M1-PP and M2-PP) and one land PP (L-PP) samples were collected from two beaches and land in Japan, respectively, to study the fragmentation mechanisms. Delamination was observed on both M1-PP and M2-PP surfaces. Moreover, there was no delamination but an abrasion patch structure on the surface of L-PP. The delamination was studied using an advanced oxidation process-degraded PP as the marine PP model. The number and shape of cracks varied with an increase in degradation time. The fluctuations in the values and ratios of the carbonyl index as well as the weight change ratio were due to repeated oxidation and delamination. We found that the delamination behavior depends on the oxidation state. Poly(oxyethylene)8 octylphenyl ether (POE8) surfactant treatment caused the delamination to speed up, which is a typical characteristic of polyolefin environmental stress cracking (ESC). These results reveal that delamination is based on ESC.Article Highlights

Two kinds of marine and one land polypropylene (PP) samples were collected from two beaches and land, respectively, to study the fragmentation mechanisms.

Delamination was observed on both of marine PP surfaces. Moreover, there was no delamination but an abrasion patch structure on the land PP surface.

We found that the delamination was based on environmental stress cracking mechanism by employing a marine PP model.
Deformation motion tracks sliding changes through summer, western Greenland
Authors: Maier Nathan , Humphrey Neil , Meierbachtol Toby , Harper Joel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurface speeds in Greenland's ablation zone undergo substantial variability on an annual basis which are presumed to mainly be driven by changes in sliding. Yet, meltwater-forced changes in ice–bed coupling can also produce variable deformation motion, which impacts the magnitude of sliding changes inferred from surface measurements and provides important context to flow dynamics. We examine spatiotemporal changes in deformation, sliding and surface velocities over a 2-year period using GPS and a dense network of inclinometers installed in borehole grid drilled in western Greenland's ablation zone. We find time variations in deformation motion track sliding changes through the summer and entire measurement period. A distinct spatial deformation and sliding pattern is also observed within the borehole grid which remains similar during winter and summer flow. We suggest that positively covarying sliding and deformation across seasonal timescales is characteristic of passive areas that are coupled to regions undergoing transient forcing, and the spatial patterns are consistent with variations in the local bed topography. The covarying deformation and sliding result in a 1.5–17% overestimate of sliding changes during summer compared to that inferred from surface velocity changes alone. This suggests that summer sliding increases are likely overestimated in many locations across Greenland.
SURREAL ORDERED EXPONENTIAL FIELDS
Authors: EHRLICH PHILIP , KAPLAN ELLIOT 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2001, the algebraico-tree-theoretic simplicity hierarchical structure of J. H. Conway’s ordered field${\mathbf {No}}$of surreal numbers was brought to the fore by the first author and employed to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for an ordered field (ordered$K$-vector space) to be isomorphic to an initial subfield ($K$-subspace) of${\mathbf {No}}$, i.e. a subfield ($K$-subspace) of${\mathbf {No}}$that is an initial subtree of${\mathbf {No}}$. In this sequel, analogous results are established forordered exponential fields, making use of a slight generalization of Schmeling’s conception of atransseries field. It is further shown that a wide range of ordered exponential fields are isomorphic to initial exponential subfields of$({\mathbf {No}}, \exp )$. These include all models of$T({\mathbb R}_W, e^x)$, where${\mathbb R}_W$is the reals expanded by aconvergent Weierstrass system W. Of these, those we calltrigonometric-exponential fieldsare given particular attention. It is shown that the exponential functions on the initial trigonometric-exponential subfields of${\mathbf {No}}$, which includes${\mathbf {No}}$itself, extend tocanonicalexponential functions on theirsurcomplexcounterparts. The image of the canonical map of the ordered exponential field${\mathbb T}^{LE}$oflogarithmic-exponentialtransseries into${\mathbf {No}}$is shown to be initial, as are the ordered exponential fields${\mathbb R}((\omega ))^{EL}$and${\mathbb R}\langle \langle \omega \rangle \rangle $.
VAUGHT’S CONJECTURE FOR ALMOST CHAINABLE THEORIES
Authors: KURILIĆ MILOŠ S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA structure
${\mathbb Y}$
of a relational language L is called almost chainable iff there are a finite set
$F \subset Y$
and a linear order
$\,<$
on the set
$Y\setminus F$
such that for each partial automorphism
$\varphi $
(i.e., local automorphism, in Fraïssé’s terminology) of the linear order
$\langle Y\setminus F, <\rangle $
the mapping
$\mathop {\mathrm {id}}\nolimits _F \cup \varphi $
is a partial automorphism of
${\mathbb Y}$
. By theorems of Fraïssé and Pouzet, an infinite structure
${\mathbb Y}$
is almost chainable iff the profile of
${\mathbb Y}$
is bounded; namely, iff there is a positive integer m such that
${\mathbb Y}$
has
$\leq m$
non-isomorphic substructures of size n, for each positive integer n. A complete first order L-theory
${\mathcal T}$
having infinite models is called almost chainable iff all models of
${\mathcal T}$
are almost chainable and it is shown that the last condition is equivalent to the existence of one countable almost chainable model of
${\mathcal T}$
. In addition, it is proved that an almost chainable theory has either one or continuum many non-isomorphic countable models and, thus, the Vaught conjecture is confirmed for almost chainable theories.
Mineral magnetic properties of loess–paleosol couplets of northern Serbia over the last 1.0 Ma
Authors: Namier Namier , Gao Xinbo , Hao Qingzhen , Marković Slobodan B. , Fu Yu , Song Yang , Zhang Huandi , Wu Xuechao , Deng Chenglong , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe conducted the first detailed mineral magnetic investigation of more than nine loess–paleosol couplets of the composite Titel-Stari Slankamen loess section in Serbia, which provides one of the longest and most complete terrestrial record of paleoclimatic changes in Europe since ~1.0 Ma. The results show that the ferrimagnetic mineral assemblage of the loess units is dominated by partially oxidized multidomain (MD) and pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite; however, with an increasing degree of pedogenesis, the eolian contribution is gradually masked by pedogenic superparamagnetic(SP) and single-domain (SD) ferrimagnets (mainly maghemite). The overall consistency of ferrimagnetic grain-size parameters indicates an absence of dissolution of the fine-grained ferrimagnetic fraction despite changes in climate regime over the past 1.0 Ma. The variations of normalized dJ/dT@120Kand normalized χheating@530°Creflect a long-term stepwise increase in aridity during glacials with a major step at ~0.6–0.5 Ma, over the last 1.0 Ma. Overall, the results provide an improved basis for the future use of the magnetic properties of Serbian loess deposits for paleoclimatic reconstruction.
Les (re)constructions plurielles de la citoyenneté des femmes âgées à travers les pratiques de la vie quotidienne
Authors: Marchand Isabelle , Gaudet Stéphanie 
Published: August 2021

RésuméÀ partir d'une recherche qualitative menée auprès de femmes âgées de 60 ans et plus, l'article propose une modélisation de la citoyenneté « vécue » dans l'avancée en âge. Construites à partir des pratiques de la vie quotidienne, quatre figures de citoyenneté sont proposées. La présentation des figures met en lumière autant la description des pratiques du quotidien que les finalités d'action qui animent l'agir quotidien. Par la suite, l'analyse narrative examine les diverses formes de citoyenneté vécue des participantes dans le vieillissement. Si les citoyennetés tracées rendent compte de différentes pratiques de participation sociale et d'affiliation au collectif, elles témoignent aussi, par ailleurs, des inégalités sociales et de genre qui sont toujours à l’œuvre pour penser les rapports à la citoyenneté vécue des femmes âgées sous des modes polyphoniques.
Agro-Technology Information and Africa-Centered Development
Authors: Kordylas J. Maud 
Published: August 2021

In 1982 I left Ghana, as director of the Food Research Institute, for Cameroon. The next three years were spent researching and gathering information and data on alternative, affordable, manageable and sustainable processes that can be put together to form workable agro-industrial systems for use in Africa.In 1984 I started experimenting with the organic system of crop production as an affordable improvement to the traditional multiple and multi-story cropping system. Several fruit trees—guava, carambola, sour sop, mango and avocado—were planted in a backyard plot of about twenty meters by nine meters or 180 square meters to which compost was applied.
African Cinema in the American Video Market
Authors: Moore Cornelius 
Published: August 2021

There are probably a billion videocassettes in the United States. Yet few, probably under a thousand, are African films. I want to ask why this is and describe a strategy to change it.How can one of the least known and most under-funded cinemas in the world, African cinema, find a place in the most lavishly promoted and capitalized media marketplaces on earth, the U.S. feature film market?
Rwanda: Genocide and After
Authors: Newbury David 
Published: August 2021

The papers that follow were based on presentations to two roundtables on Rwanda organized at the African Studies Association Annual Meeting held in Toronto, on November 6,1994.At the outset, it is important to note three aspects of those roundtables. First, they were not organized as a comprehensive set of papers; instead, with one or two exceptions, the roundtables were formed of those papers which were submitted independently of each other by individual members of the ASA. I was asked simply to coordinate their presentation and prepare the papers for publication afterward. The result of this was regrettable in one major aspect: there was very little representation of Rwandans on the panels, and therefore also in this collection, although a large number of Rwandans attended the roundtables and participated energetically in the discussions, which together with the paper presentations lasted formally for nearly 6 hours, and informally far into the night.
Genocide and Socio-Political Change: Massacres in two Rwandan Villages
Authors: Longman Timothy 
Published: August 2021

From the comfort of American living rooms, the violence that ravaged Rwanda for four months in mid-1994 seemed almost incomprehensible. The daily newspaper reports and nightly television coverage that presented disturbing images of slaughter and destruction failed to provide the necessary background to make sense of the disaster. For most Americans, little option was left than to view the devastation as an expression of some inherent savagery in the Rwandan population.In this article, I draw upon the example of two Rwandan communities to help explain the nature of the violence that swept Rwanda after the death of President Juvénal Habyarimana. These two communities bear certain similarities: they lie in neighboring communes in Kibuye Prefecture; both are relatively remote; and each community centers around a parish of the Presbyterian Church.
The Geopolitics of Rwandan Resettlement: Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Smith Charles David 
Published: August 2021

By October 1994 the population of refugees from Rwanda and Burundi registered with the UN High Commission of Refugees in Tanzania was about 570,000. (Personal communication: Yukiko Hameda, UNHCR-Nairobi.) And from the point of view of the international and Tanzanian authorities responsible for refugees, the crisis continues to grow. On December 23, 1994, Patrick Chokala, Press Secretary to the Tanzanian President, claimed that 300-400 refugees enter Tanzania every day; the total number then was 591,000. (Daily News, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 24 December 1994.)The human tragedy, the genocide which began after President Habyarimana’s plane was shot down on April 6, 1994 and which in the space of a few short months left one-half million people dead and precipitated the flight of two and one-half million people to refugee camps in Zaire and Tanzania, cannot be undone, although expeditious and fair judicial procedures are a necessary step to a secure future.
Mirror Images and Shared Standpoints: Black Women in Africa and in the African Diaspora
Authors: Johnson-Odim Cheryl 
Published: August 2021

Let me begin by defining two terms that I use in the title. By “mirror images” I mean people who look alike based on certain physical characteristics they have in common. These characteristics may not be exactly the same, but they are close enough that people are both self-identified and other-identified as looking the “same.”By “shared standpoints” I mean that people who have these are commonly enough situated in a set of circumstances or conditions due to shared factors such as ‘race,’ class, ethnicity, religion, sex etc. that they have a common perspective vis-á-vis a number of issues. People can have a shared standpoint on the basis of any one of these factors in common, or, a combination of them.
Conversation with South African Poet Keorapetse Kgositsile
Authors: Taylor-Guthrie Danille 
Published: August 2021

The following is a reconstruction of a conversation I had with Keorapetse on April 15, 1996. Keorapetse (Willie) Kgositsile is a South African poet and former Deputy Secretary of Arts and Culture for the ANC (African National Congress). Keorapetse once told me about the profound impact Richard Wright’s Native Son had on him as a young man. I was intrigued by the implied American to Africa influences contained in this statement. I began our conversation there.In the 1950’s a Black sailor from the United States came to Capetown and gave someone there a copy of Richard Wright’s Native Son. That single copy traveled around the whole country. Each person would keep it a week or two, read and reread it, and then pass it on. Native Son convinced me that as an African writer I did not have to sound like a carbon copy English boy if I wrote in English.
Gender Relations in the Democratization Process: An Analysis of Agrarian Policies in Africa
Authors: Fall Yassine 
Published: August 2021

This paper is an attempt to link women’s empowerment in the democratization process and the sexual division of labour and resources in land management. Following the introduction, section two will assess the scope of women producers’ participation in the agrarian sector. Section three will analyze traditional land management systems. The impact of land reforms on women’s access to land is examined in section four. Finally, the conclusion will stress the need to create the legal and political climate that will allow the emergence of a more balanced land policy as a first step towards sustainable democratization.Women’s potential contributions in rural development, particularly in food production, have been extensively documented.