bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of linezolid to replace kanamycin in the shorter MDR-TB regimen in case of hearing loss
Authors: Souleymane Mahamadou Bassirou , Piubello Alberto , Maman-Lawan Ibrahim , Morou Soumaila , Boukary Ibrahim , Assao-Neino Mourtala Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Aims and objectives:
The standardized short treatment regimen (STR) is implemented in Niger to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) since 2008 with excellent outcomes. However, ototoxicity secondary to injectable is a concern and data on modified oral STR are limited. The aim of this study is to test if linezolid can replace the injectable. Both drugs have a similar mechanism of action and the use of linezolid in replacement of SLI may preserve bedaquiline as core-drug in a salvage regimen to treat possible failures and relapses. Linezolid is used only in the intensive phase to reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathy and optic neuritis.

Methods:
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on a modified STR replacing kanamycin with linezolid (600 mg/d) in case of hearing loss (grade 1) at baseline or during treatment. WHO definitions were used for outcomes and adverse events were assessed according to French National Agency for Research on AIDS. Audiometry was performed bimonthly from 2016 to 2017 and monthly from 2018 onwards.

Results:
A total of 173 patients were treated with the STR for pulmonary MDR-TB from 2016 to June 2018. Among them, 22 (12.7%) had a modified STR, switching from kanamycin to linezolid during treatment (14) or starting with linezolid (8) because of hearing loss. Fourteen (63.6%) were males, 2 (9.1%) were HIV positive, the median age was 37.5 years (range 21-71) and the median BMI was 16.5 kg/m2 (range 13-24.2). No patients had strains resistant to fluoroquinolones and/or injectables. The median time from treatment start to switch kanamycin to linezolid was 2 months (range 0-3) and the median duration of treatment with linezolid was 2 months (range 1-5). All patients had smear and culture conversion with a median and range of 1 month (1-6) and 2 months (2-4) respectively.

Conclusions:
A modified STR with linezolid may achieve high cure rates with manageable adverse events.
Antimycobacterial activity of total extracts from Solanum torvum Swartz. (Solanaceae)
Authors: Nguta Joseph Mwanzia 
Published: January 2021

Aims and objectives:
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The zoonotic infectious condition represents a never-ending challenge towards which drug discovery efforts are needed. The current study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from roots, stem bark, leaves and unripe fruits derived from Solanum torvum, a shrub traditionally used against respiratory tract illnesses, including tuberculosis.

Methods:
The phenotypic colorimetric micro plate alamar blue assay (MABA) was used to study the antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts against six mycobacterial strains. Each experiment was run in triplicate. Data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics to obtain mean minimum inhibitory concentration values.

Results:
The roots, stem bark, leaves and unripe fruits exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1.250 mg/mL, 0.078 mg/mL, 1.250 mg/mL and 0.625 mg/mL against the pathogenic mycobacterial strain, M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) respectively.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, Solanum torvum stem bark has demonstrated moderate activity against the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain. This observation validates the ethno pharmacological use of the plant species against tuberculosis. Further studies are required to isolate, elucidate the structure and characterize the antimycobacterial compounds responsible for the observed activity. These will potentially contribute towards bioprospecting for a new class of ligands with activity against sensitive and drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.
Assessment of line probe assay for rapid detection of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
Authors: Kardan-Yamchi Jalil , Kazemian Hossein , Abtahi HamidReza , Amini Sirus , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

Aims and objectives:
Molecular techniques have considerable advantages for rapid detection, a reduction of infectiousness, prevention of further resistance development and surveillance of drug-resistant TB. MTBDRsl VER 2.0 was used to detect resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs on rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis (RR-MTB) isolates compared to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Methods:
The MTBDRsl VER 2.0 (Hain Life Science, Nehren, Germany) and WGS (San Diego, CA, USA) was performed for tracing mutations in resistant-related genes involved in resistance to fluoroquinolone (FLQs) and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs). The broth microdilution method using 7H9 Middlebrook media supplemented with OADC was used to determine the MICs.

Results:
The MTBDRsl VER 2.0 correctly detected 5/6 (83.3%) of FLQ-resistant strains having gyrA mutations. The MUT1 A1401G (7 strains) and MUT2 G1484T (1 strain) mutations in rrs gene were detected in 8 AMK/KAN/CAP-resistant strains. Four low-level KAN-resistant strains with the G-10A/C-12T (3 strains) and C-14T (1 strain) mutations in eis gene was diagnosed using MTBDRsl VER 2.0.

Conclusions:
Five error results were found in detecting resistance to kanamycin and capreomycin compared to the phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and WGS. Failing wild type-bands without improved mutant-bands did not indicate a reliable resistance. WGS could efficiently resolve the discrepancies of the results. MTBDRsl showed better performance in detecting extensively drug-resistant strains.
Sex differences in haemostatic and other haematological parameters of tuberculosis patients at pre-treatment, post-intensive and post-continuation phase anti-tuberculosis therapy
Authors: Okeke  , Okechukwu Chizoba , Ifeanyichukwu  , Ositadimma Martin , Amilo  , Grace  , Okeke  , Makuachukwu Chisom 
Published: January 2021

Aims &Objective:
Gender variations are common features of many physiological parameters. Thus sex differences in haemostatic and haematological parameters are expected, but how anti-tuberculosis therapy modulates these differences is unclear. We hypothesized that anti-tuberculosis therapy will induce further changes in the level of these parameters when compared between male and female tuberculosis (TB) subjects.

Aims and Objectives:
This comparative follow-up study was designed to compare the levels of haemostatic and other haematological parameters between male and female TB subjects at pre-treatment, and followed up with a repeat comparison at post-intensive phase treatment and post-continuation phase treatment, to ascertain the differences at each phase of treatment.

Methods:
A total of sixty TB subjects of both genders (35 males and 25 females) were enlisted in this study. They were recruited before initiation of therapy and followed up post-intensive phase and post-continuation phase treatment and samples collected and analysed.

Results:
At pre-treatment, P-selectin (ng/ml), PCV (l/l), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet count (x109 /l) were significantly higher in male compared to female TB subject (P=0.044, 0.022, 0.040 and 0.039). At post-intensive phase treatment, P-selectin (ng/ml), TPO (pg/ml), total white blood cell count (x109 /l), neutrophil count (x109 /l), lymphocyte count (x109 /l), monocyte count (x109 /l), eosinophil count (x109 /l) and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was significantly higher in male compared to female TB subjects (P=0.046, 0.030, 0.022, 0.044, 0.029, 0.036, 0.042 and 0.036). Conversely, the mean platelet count (x109 /l) was significantly higher in females than males (P=0.022). At post-continuation phase treatment, the median P-selectin (ng/ml) was significantly higher in male compared with female TB subjects (P=0.028).

Conclusion:
Sex differences in haemostatic and haematological parameters vary with different phases of anti-tuberculosis treatment. But P-selectin displays a consistent higher level in male TB subjects at all phases of treatment.
The Risk of TB Laboratory Personals That Received Specimens from Patients Having Both Tuberculosis & COVID-19
Authors: Farnia Parissa , Farnia Poopak , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Velayati Ali Akbar 
Published: January 2021

Aims and Objective:
The SAR COVID2 virus devastated the world in the very short time. The virus not only effected the individuals, but also the economy and infrastructure of laboratories working in other infectious diseases. The synergy between patients with other air borne diseases like tuberculosis and COVID-19 is not very clear, but it have been shown that few patients expired having two diseases at the same time. Now the question comes out for safety of laboratory personal and necessary precaution for those that handle the specimens from patients who got both infection (tuberculosis &COVID-19).

Results:
The investigation should that most of peripheral TB laboratories (85%) in Iran are using biological safety cabinet type 1 or 2; therefore they are not using open bench for making smear. Small number of general hospital (30%) use the open bench for smear preparation at the peripheral levels. It is advisable that after smearing they kept the smear for drying in the cabinet with using UV light for 1-2 hours; then they proceed with fixation and staining. May be it is also advisable to handle the specimens, with proper clothing also.

Conclusion:
It looks that with pandemic of COVID-19, even TB laboratories need re-vision of their protocol as far as safety of personal is concerned. Also, the open benching for smearing should be avoided in all other countries.
High frequency of bedaquiline resistance in programmatically treated drug-resistant TB patients with sustained culture-positivity in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Derendinger Brigitta , Dippenaar Anzaan , de Vos Margaretha , Alberts Rudi , Sirgel Frederick , Dolby Tania , Spies Claudia , Rigouts Leen , Metcalfe John , Engelthaler David , Warren Rob , Cox Helen , Theron Grant 
Published: January 2021

Aims & objectives:
Potentially transformative new tuberculosis (TB) drugs like bedaquiline are undergoing roll-out, however, this is largely in the absence of programmatic drug susceptibility testing (DST). We lack information on how susceptibility changes during treatment in patients on bedaquiline-containing regimens, especially in at risk patients who have complex treatment histories, are in programmatic rather than trial environments, and have a delayed treatment response (defined here as sustained culture-positivity).

Methods:
Serial isolates from 51 patients with drug resistant (DR-)TB who were culture-positive after ≥4 months of a programmatically administered bedaquiline-containing regimen, were collected. Bedaquiline phenotypic DST in MGIT 960 (1μg/ml), targeted deep sequencing (Rv0678, atpE, pepQ) and whole genome sequencing was done on paired isolates (pre-bedaquiline initiation, post-four-month).

Results:
24/51 (47%) patients were phenotypically and genotypically resistant (39% acquired resistance). Excluding one patient with an unknown history, prior clofazimine exposure was associated with bedaquiline-resistance [21/24 (88%) bedaquiline resistant cases had prior clofazimine vs. 12/26 (46%) susceptibles; p=0.002]. Diverse combinations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels were in the Rv0678 promoter region and the Rv0678 and atpE genes. Examples of newly described resistance associated variants (RAVs) include Rv0678 -8 T/G and atpE 223 C/T. RAVs were not in defined hotspots and sometimes occurred concurrently with atpE RAVs.

Discussion:
The rate of bedaquiline resistance acquisition in this population is alarmingly high and associated with prior clofazimine exposure. The diverse RAVs pose challenges to molecular test development. This study highlights the existence of a potentially infectious pool of bedaquiline-resistant patients present under programmatic conditions in a resource-constrained setting and illustrates the danger of starting patients with complex histories on a novel drug without routinely available DST.
Impact of preferred learning style on personal resilience strategies among pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Poirier Jacob , Gregory Paul , Austin Zubin 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Using COVID-19 as the context, this study explored how differences in individual learning styles impacted personal resilience strategies among pharmacy students. This is a uniquely stressful period of time for many learners; pharmacy education has shifted predominantly to novel online forms of teaching, learning, and assessment, and traditional psycho-social support became difficult to access due to lock-down and quarantine requirements. Methods: Data were gathered throughout May and June 2020 via participant-observer, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using deductive analysis techniques, based on existing themes in resilience research. Results: A total of 21 pharmacy students were interviewed, the majority of whom had ‘Assimilator’ or ‘Converger’ dominant learning styles as classified by Austin’s Pharmacists’ Inventory of Learning Styles (PILS). Assimilators had a stronger sense of professional identity, practiced positive psychology, and utilised journaling as resilience strategies more frequently than Convergers. Convergers were found to be more self-efficacious and adaptable than Assimilators. Conclusions: Rather than providing ‘one-size-fits-all’ advice and programming to pharmacy students, there may be potential to improve resilience by incorporating tailored and specific strategies based on the dominant learning style of each individual student.
Acciones femeninas: análisis poético y político de la representación femenina en el espacio
Authors: Rodríguez Tovar Sara Elena 
Published: January 2021

En esta investigación se reflexiona en torno a los performances hechos por artistas como Pola Weiss, Rocío Boliver e Itziar Okariz. Interpretando específicamentelas acciones y producciones artísticas donde las artistas transgreden la poética y la estética mediante la textualidad del cuerpo. Hago un análisis desde una perspectiva estética y política del uso del cuerpo femenino: sus poses, sus acciones y emplazamientos.
El objetivo del texto es dilucidar el papel de las expresiones artísticas de mujeres en la actual sociedad y en cómo es posible interpretarlas desde sus representaciones que conllevan a una poética; aunada a la búsqueda de las posibles interpretaciones éticas, estéticas, culturales, políticas y sociales que surgen del pensamiento y del cuerpo femenino aplicado al performance, al video arte, video danza y al circulacionismo.
Translation and adaptation of adult self report: a tool for assessment of adult psychopathology
Authors: Saira Khan  , Anila Kamal  , Admin  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: The objective of present research is to translate, adapt and validate Adult Self-Report (ASR) in to Urdu language. It also intends to establish internal consistency of subscales of ASR.
Methods: The preset correlational cross sectional study was conducted during the time period of September 2017 to August 2018 at National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad. Employing non-probability convenience sampling technique data was collected from 768 participants, including 408 seeking treatment in psychiatric outpatient services and 360 non-clinical sample.
Results: The eight syndrome model proposed earlier for ASR was tested and confirmed for Pakistani sample. The values of RMSEA (.03), CFI (.94) and TLI (.94) indicated good model fit. All items indicated good factor loadings ranging from .25 to .94. Reliability analysis indicated that all subscales were internally consistent with alpha reliabilities ranging from .64 to .92.
Conclusion: Adult self-report is a comprehensive tool that shows a good model fit with Pakistani sample. It has sound psychometric properties and can be effectively used for the assessment of adult psychopathology.
Keywords: Adult Self Report, Confirmatory factor Analysis, Adult Psychopathology, Achenbach system of empirically based taxonomies, Continuous...
Иқтисодиётга хорижий инвестицияларни жалб қилишни фаоллаштиришда минтақалар инвестицион жозибадорлигини ошириш йўналишлари
Authors: Зайниддинов Руҳиддин 
Published: January 2021

Мазкур мақолада иқтисодиётга хорижий инвестицияларни жалб қилишни фаоллаштиришда ҳудудлар инвестицион жозибадорлигини ошириш масалалари ўрганилган. Жумладан, иқтисодчи олимларнинг мамлакат/ҳудуднинг иқтисодий салоҳияти, уни баҳолаш усуллари ҳамда ҳудудлардаги инвестицион муҳит жозибадорлигини аниқлаш юзасидан ҳозиргача олиб борган тадқиқотлари қиёсий ўрганилган. Шунингдек, Ўзбекистон мисолида инвестицион фаолият, инвестицион салоҳият ва инвестицион жозибадорликка таъсир кўрсатадиган омиллар таҳлили минтақалар кесимида статистик маълумотлар асосида очиб берилган.
Ҳудудларнинг бир текисда ривожланишини таъминлаш, мамлакатнинг халқаро иқтисодий ташкилотлар томонидан ҳар йили ўтказиладиган халқаро индекслардаги ўрнини янада ошириш, инвестицион муҳит жозибадорлигини ошириш йўлида тўсиқ бўлиб келаётган муаммо ва камчиликларни бартараф этиш ҳамда минтақалар инвестцион жозибадорлигини ошириш бўйича илмий-услубий тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилган.
Ўзбекистон Республикасида ярашилганлиги муносабати билан жиноий жавобгарликдан озод қилиш институтининг ретроспектив таҳлили
Authors: Пайзиев Дилшат 
Published: January 2021

Ушбу мақолада Ўзбекистон Республикаси жиноят қонунчилиги тарихида ярашилганлиги муносабати билан жиноий жавобгарликдан озод қилиш институтининг ретроспектив таҳлили, мутахассис олимларнинг фикрлари, тарихий ва юридик адабиётлар атрофлича, чуқур таҳлил қилинган. Шу билан биргаликда Ўзбекистон Республикасида амалда бўлган 1864 йилдаги Жиноят судлов ишларини юритиш Устави, 1926 йил Жиноят кодекси 1959 йилдаги Жиноят-процессуал кодексларидаги ярашилганлиги муносабати билан жиноий жавобгарликдан озод қилиш институтига доир нормалари чуқур таҳлил қилинган. Таҳлил ва тадқиқотлар натижаларига кўра муаллифнинг ярашилганлиги муносабати билан жиноий жавобгарликдан озод қилиш институтининг вужудга келиши ва ривожланишига доир назарий хулосалари шакллантирилган.
Legal regulation of Islamic leasing in the republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Bozarov Shavkat 
Published: January 2021

Considered the correlation between the legal regulation of conventional leasing relations in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the legal regulation of one of the most dynamically developing Islamic products in the world - Islamic leasing, Ijara.
Evaluated the possibilities of applying the current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan regulating conventional leasing relations to Islamic leasing – Ijara. Considered the application of the most important provisions of the current leasing legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in relation to the regulation of Ijara
Proved the possibility of implementing Islamic leasing – Ijara on the basis of the current leasing legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and presented proposals for a wider implementation of this type of financial services.
Quantitation, Absorption and Tissue Distribution of Coenzyme Q10 from Pak-wanban (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) Leaf and Its Antioxidant Activities
Authors: KETTAWAN Aikkarach , WUNJUNTUK Kansuda 
Published: January 2021

Pak-wanban (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.), a popular Thai vegetable, has been found to have a high content of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is a powerful antioxidant. This study investigated the quantitation, absorption and tissue distribution of CoQ10 from raw and stir-fried Pak-wanban and its antioxidant activities in rats. Male Wistar rats (seven weeks old) were randomly grouped as follows: (1) control, (2) raw Pak-wanban powder of 0.5 mg CoQ10/kg/day, (3) stir-fried Pak-wanban powder of 0.5 mg CoQ10/kg/day, (4) stir-fried Pak-wanban powder of 1.0 mg CoQ10/kg/day, and (5) commercially CoQ10 supplement groups of 0.5 mg CoQ10/kg/day. The results found that stir-fried cooking did not significantly reduce the content of CoQ10 in the Pak-wanban leaves. After 3 weeks of experimentation, the level of CoQ10 in the plasma, liver and spleen was increased in all Pak-wanban groups when compared to the control group. The level of CoQ10 in the stir-fried Pak-wanban group was significantly higher than the raw Pak-wanban group but slightly lower than the CoQ10 supplement group. Liver alpha-tocopherol concentrations were markedly increased in rats that consumed a high dose of CoQ10 from stir-fried Pak-wanban of 1 mg of CoQ10/kg/day when compared with the control group. Plasma antioxidant activities (ORAC: FRAP: DPPH) were significantly increased in both groups of stir-fried Pak-wanban when compared with the control group. We concluded that CoQ10 in Pak-wanban could be well absorbed and improved the plasma antioxidant activities. Furthermore, cooking oil may increase the bioavailability of CoQ10 from vegetables. Therefore, it would be useful for vegetarian people.
Implementasi Metode Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) Untuk Pengenalan Jenis Burung Lovebird
Authors: Charli Fino , Syaputra Hadi , Akbar Muhammad , Sauda Siti , Panjaitan Febriyanti 
Published: January 2021

Lovebird merupakan burung sosial yang hidup berkelompok di alam bebas. Burung dari genus Agapornis ini ukuran tubuhnya relative mungil bila dibanding burung berparuh bengkok lainnya. Panjangnya sekitar 13-17 cm dengan bobot 30-60 gram. Ragam dan jenis burung lovebird sangat banyak namun bila dilihat dengan pendeketan taksonomi, hanya terdapat 9 spesies burung lovebird. Penelitian metode Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network ini digunakan untuk mengenali jenis burung lovebird guna mencari tahu motif atau warna asli dari jenis burung lovebird tertentu berdasarkan tingkat akurasi dari hasil deteksi objek. Faster R-CNN merupakan pengembangan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) yang ditemukan oleh Ross Girshick. Sampai saat ini metode ini masih terus dikembangkan dan digunakan untuk pengenalan objek atau objek recognition. Penelitian ini menggunakan data set burung lovebird dengan total 808 gambar dan 8 (kelas) yaitu Agapornis Personata, Agapornis Fischeri, Agapornis Lilianae, Agapornis Nigrigenis, Agapornis Roseicollis, Agapornis Taranta, Agapornis Pullarius, Agapornis Canus. Hasil dari proses learning didapatkan akurasi sebesar 96% dengan loss sebesar 0,2% . sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Faster R-CNN dapat diterapkan pada pengenalan jenis burung lovebird.