bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Microbubble Technology in The Quality Improvement of Raw Water Sample
Authors: Ali F , Azmi K N , Firdaus M R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An experimental study to observe the performance of microbubble generator (MBG) and microbubble-generating nozzle on water is carried out under laboratory conditions. The MBG is used to treat wastewater from water bodies which was impacted by domestic and industrial wastewater. The study uses MBG with a spherical body and a drilled hole, along with a dispersing nozzle placed at the bottom of microbubble reactor tank. The MBG used is considered to be more applicable for water bodies rather than other types. Two types of pressure gauges are installed around the MBG and the nozzle in order to examine and configure the inlet water pressure and the inlet gas pressure based on the best microbubble size produced from a prior experiment. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Turbidity has been analyzed in the beginning and every 10 minutes of a 60 minute detention time to examine the effectiveness of MBG. The results of study shows the MBG have a high rate of removal percentage in a 60-minute retention time with 60 to 90% for TSS, up to 90% for Turbidity, 74 to 96% for BOD, and 41 to 59% for COD.
Identification of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Sources in Libraries through Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Mansor A Abu , Shamsul S , Abdullah S , Dom N C , Napi N N L Mohd , Ahmed A N , Ismail M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important role in affecting visitors and staffs’ health in library. However, good ventilation and suitable types of furniture materials in the indoor environment were important to preserve better indoor air quality for the occupants. In this study, the status of indoor air pollution using in-situ measurement for chemical and physical parameters had been examined. The chemical parameters measured were formaldehyde (CH2O, ppm), carbon monoxide (CO, ppm), carbon dioxide (CO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5, mg/m3) and coarse particulate matter (PM10, mg/m3). The physical parameters such as relative humidity (RH, %), temperature (T, °C) and air movement (AM, m/s) were also measured. The dominant sources of IAQ had been determined by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principle Component (PC-2, S1) and PC-1 (S2) (CO, CO2 and CH2O) have become the indicator for chemical contaminants and the number of occupants that present in the library. The main contributor of indoor air quality at both areas was thermal comfort, which contributed 56.146% (PC-3, S1) and 60.76% (PC-4, S2). In conclusion, air quality in the libraries was affected by surrounding activities, ventilation performance and physical parameters.
Preparation of Synthetic Calcium Carbonate by Continuous Method
Authors: Mahim Z , Salleh E M , Othman R , Sabri S N Mohd 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was performed by a continuous method with additional mechanical stirring and retardant agent after the carbonation process. The PCC was produced at four different conditions i.e. without stirring and retardant agent (XSR), PCC with stirring only (S0), PCC with stirring, and 4g of a retardant agent (S4), and PCC with stirring and 20g of a retardant agent (S20). The continuous method 1 L of PCC slurry was consistently achieved at 7 minutes of the carbonation time that was controlled for all samples. The PCC yield was generally consistent with a slight reduction with increasing the retardant agent weight. Laser Particle Size Analyzer (LPSA) showed the finest PCC, which is 5.093 μm was produced without any additional mechanism (XSR) after the carbonation process. FESEM micrographs showed there were two types of PCC structure particles; fine hollow shape and coarse irregular shape. The result of Zeta potential portrayed the negative Zeta values for all samples with the highest values of -2.9 mV for S0 sample. The high purity of high-grade calcium carbonate for all samples was determined using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). In general, there was no significant change occurred in the morphology of the PCC but offered a larger effect on particle refinement. Meanwhile, mechanical stirring resulted in an increment of the PCC particle size, but the retardant agent provided a particle refinement effect.
Assessment of Community Noise Annoyance due to Transverse Rumble Strips Installation at Residential Areas
Authors: Darus N , Haron Z , Yahya K , Mashros N , Othman M H , Wan Hassan W N F , Padil K H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transverse rumble strips (TRS) acts as a traffic calming device to alert inattentive drivers, however, inappropriate design may generate excessive noise level which cause annoyance among the nearby residents. This study attempts to assess community noise annoyance by investigating current TRS designs and characteristics, measuring roadside noise level and traffic characteristics and evaluating noise annoyance due to TRS installation. Middle overlapped (MO), middle layer overlapped (MLO) and raised rumbler (RR) TRS profile types were selected. Noise indices such as A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq), sound level exceeding 10% (L10) and 90% (L90) of specified time were measured using sound level meter (SLM) based on ISO 11819 - 1: 2001 Acoustics: Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise - Part 1: statistical pass-by (SPB) method. Traffic characteristics such as volume and speed were also measured. Then, community noise annoyance was evaluated in terms of LAeq changes, noise limit comparison by the Department of Environment (DOE) and traffic noise index (TNI) calculation. It was found that there are various TRS profile types with the thickness of only 3mm. Regardless the types, TRS installation has increased the roadside noise level of about 7dBA and exceeded permissible noise limits.
Properties of Bitumen Modified with Latex Under Short-Term Ageing
Authors: Jamaris U , Hassan N A , Mahmud M Z H , Ismail C R , Yaacob H , Hassan S A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Short-term ageing is a common issue in bitumen mixing production, and it severely affects the physical, rheological and chemical properties of the bitumen. Polymer modified bitumen is regarded as a preferable paving material to improve the performance of asphalt pavement against binder ageing. One of the additive types used to innovate modified bitumen is natural rubber (latex). This study evaluated the physical properties of bitumen modified with latex under ageing condition. Different percentages of latex (i.e. 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%) were added to the control 60/70 penetration grade (PEN) bitumen, which was then tested for penetration, softening point, viscosity, loss on heating and storage stability. The bitumen samples were conditioned under short-term ageing (i.e. rolling thin-film oven) prior to performance tests. Results indicated that modifying bitumen with latex hardens the conventional bitumen 60/70 PEN and potentially improves the bitumen’s resistance against temperature susceptibility with a high value of softening point. The addition of latex up to 10% produces a homogenous blend even after short-term ageing condition.
The Effectiveness of Home Delivery for Grocery based on External Cost
Authors: Edvian M R , Nahry  , Priadi C R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
e-Grocery is one of the e-commerce sectors whose growth has increased significantly. This condition indicates the transition from conventional to online shopping and impacts the rate of home delivery services. Consequently, it may cause home delivery trips to produce the same or even greater externalities compared to conventional shopping trips. This study is aimed to analyze the effectiveness of home delivery based on the external cost aspect. Home delivery trips are analyzed using travel diary data of a grocery delivery service provider, whereas the conventional shopping trips are analyzed using the data taken from the consumers of conventional shopping. Compared to conventional shopping trips which are dominated by cars, home delivery using motorcycles produce an external cost of 23%-57% lower. In order to increase the effectiveness of home delivery, consumers are required to choose more than onetime window. This will provide a greater opportunity to do more efficient delivery routing.
Physical model on effects of tunnelling towards single piles under zoned of influence
Authors: Abuallan F M , Jusoh S N , Sohaie H , Marto A , Mohamad H , Rahim Afikah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tunnel excavation usually will causes soil redistribution and settlement. Hence, for urban areas where large building used pile for foundation, tunnelling might affect the pile integrity. Engineers pose great role in order to correctly estimating the stress changes onto pile structures. It is particularly vital to estimate the tunnelling effects when new tunnels are to be built near an existing pile. Therefore, this paper presents a physical modelling to investigate the tunnel-pile-soil interaction. Sand box test with pile and tunnel model was developed to imitate the field condition. The laboratory testing conducted with constant parameter tunnel cover to tunnel diameter ratio of 2.5 with pile to tunnel distance of 1.5 of tunnel diameter. Two rate of tunnel excavation were carried out. Laboratory tests determined the longitudinal and transverse ground surface settlement induced by tunnelling, as well as the movement and induced bending moment on a single pile foundation. For validation, initial results were compared with previous findings and shows an agreement. Further test then conducted with higher tunnelling speed. With higher speed, it was found that surface settlements, pile movements and bending moment are more affected.
Formation of corundum-rich alumina coatings on low-carbon steel by plasma electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Simchen F , Masoud-Nia N , Mehner T , Lampke T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an innovative method for providing light metals and their alloys with protective ceramic surfaces. However, for iron-based materials, the process requires very high current densities and results in the formation of coatings which consist of less stable iron compounds. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to design a PEO procedure on low-carbon steel at moderate current densities, which allows for the formation of ceramic coatings whose chemical composition is dominated by the electrolyte constituents. The electrolyte used was based on aluminate and preselected by systematic electrochemical passivation experiments. The PEO treatment was monitored by electrical and optical process diagnostics. As a result of this, it was possible to obtain alumina layers of 80 micrometers in thickness, with a high corundum content of approximately 50 to 90%, after 37 minutes of treatment time, at a current density below 25 A/dm2 on C8C-steel. However, the coating’s microstructure was inhomogeneous and showed poor substrate bonding. Based on the results of the experimental work, explanatory approaches were provided and a course of action is suggested for counteracting these problems.
Simulation of thermally sprayed coating properties considering the splat boundaries
Authors: Bobzin K , Wietheger W , Heinemann H , Wolf F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The properties of thermally sprayed coatings depend heavily on the solidification process during the impact on the substrate. The simulation of the coating build-up is of essential importance in order to understand the processes behind it. The main objective of his study is the development of a coating build-up model to predict the properties e.g. thermal conductivity of plasma sprayed coatings. Therefore, a CFD simulation based on a VOF approach coupled with the momentum source method is applied. 3D-simuations of the impact of multiple alumina particles are performed to observe the coating build-up. Subsequently, the result is transferred to another model to calculate the coatings thermal conductivity. Since the resolution of the mesh does not allow a proper representation of the air gap at the splat boundaries between two solidified particles, a new function is developed to cover such phenomena. This function enables a broader representation of the splat boundaries and an adjustment of the coating properties in these areas. To validate this function, multiple simulations with different particle temperatures and velocities are calculated. Likewise, different assumptions for the thermal conductivity values in the gap are investigated. The results of the calculated properties correspond with experimental values.
High-temperature wear behaviour of borided Inconel 718 HVOF coatings
Authors: Löbel M , Lindner T , Hanisch N , Lampke T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increasing demands on component performance and efficiency require continuous development efforts in existing material systems and concepts. In addition to the specific material properties, economic aspects have to be taken into account. Thermochemical treatments of iron-and nickel-base alloys allow for a distinct improvement of hardness and wear resistance. The process of boriding enables the highest hardness values and the formation of thermally stable precipitates. Especially nickel-base alloys are suitable for high temperature applications. An economic application of these alloys can be achieved by applying coating technologies and limiting the material usage to the surface. High-velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying of the nickel-base alloy Inconel 718 and subsequent powder-pack boriding is conducted. Furthermore, the influence of a solution annealing step prior to the boriding process is investigated with the motivation to achieve a homogenisation of the coating. A successful diffusion enrichment and the formation of a precipitation layer could be achieved. The investigation of the resulting properties revealed a distinct increase of hardness and an improvement of wear resistance tested under reciprocating conditions in a wide temperature range.
Sustainable conversion of waste corn oil into biofuel over different forms of synthetic muscovite based K+/Na+ sodalite as basic catalysts; characterization and mechanism
Authors: Abukhadra Mostafa R , Adlii Alyaa , Bin Jumah May N , Othman Sarah I , Alruhaimi Reem Saleh , Salama Yasser F , Allam Ahmed A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Novel types of sodalite enriched in both K+ and Na+ ions were synthesized from muscovite at different time intervals (24 h (SD-24), 48 (SD-48), and 72 h (SD-72)). The samples displayed changes in their morphologies and observable increment in the surface area, total basicity, and ion exchange capacity with increasing the synthesis period. The samples were used as potential basic catalysts in the transesterification of the waste products of corn oil. The produced sodalite sample after 48 h (SD-48) achieved the best catalytic activity and the best biodiesel yield (95.4%). This yield was obtained after 120 min at 70 °C using 16:1 methanol-to corn oil molar ratio and 4 wt., % SD-48 loading. The achieved yields by SD-24 and SD-72 are 84.7% and 90.5%, respectively. The higher activity of SD-48 (95.4%) than SD-24 (84.7%) related to its high surface area and total basicity. The lower activity of SD-72 (90.5%) than SD-48 (95.4%) related to its very high ion exchange capacity which increases the saponification reactions in the existence of K+ and Na+ ions at high concentrations. The used SD-48 catalyst shows significant regeneration belongings and reused in five cycles producing valuable biodiesel yields. Technically, the resulted biodiesel from the waste product of corn oil over SD-48 is of acceptable international qualification which prompts the large-scale use of the catalyst.
Semi-supervised peak calling with SPAN and JBR genome browser
Authors: Shpynov Oleg , Dievskii Aleksei , Chernyatchik Roman , Tsurinov Petr , Artyomov Maxim N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract The widespread application of ChIP-seq led to a growing need for consistent analysis of multiple epigenetics profiles, for instance, in human studies where multiple replicates are a common element of design. Such multi-samples experimental designs introduced analytical and computational challenges. For example, when peak calling is done independently for each sample, small differences in signal strength/quality lead to a very different number of peaks for individual samples, making group-level analysis difficult. On the other side, when samples are pooled together for joint analysis, individual-level statistical differences are averaged out. Recently, we have demonstrated that a semi-supervised peak calling approach (SPAN) allows for robust analysis of multiple epigenetic profiles while preserving individual sample statistics. Here, we present this approach’s implementation, centered around the JBR genome browser, a stand-alone tool that allows for accessible and streamlined annotation, analysis and visualization. Specifically, JBR supports graphical interactive manual region selection and annotation, thereby addressing supervised learning’s key procedural challenge. Furthermore, JBR includes the capability for peak optimization, i.e. calibration of sample-specific peak calling parameters by leveraging manual annotation. This procedure can be applied to a broad range of ChIP-seq datasets of different quality and chromatin accessibility ATAC-seq, including single-cell experiments. JBR was designed for efficient data processing, resulting in fast viewing and analysis of multiple replicates, up to thousands of tracks. Accelerated execution and integrated semi-supervised peak calling make JBR and SPAN next-generation visualization and analysis tools for multi-sample epigenetic data.Availability and implementationSPAN and JBR run on Linux, Mac OS and Windows, and is freely available at https://research.jetbrains.org/groups/biolabs/tools/span-peak-analyzer and https://research.jetbrains.org/groups/biolabs/tools/jbr-genome-browser.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Updating beliefs beyond the here-and-now: the counter-factual self in anosognosia for hemiplegia
Authors: Kirsch Louise P , Mathys Christoph , Papadaki Christina , Talelli Penelope , Friston Karl , Moro Valentina , Fotopoulou Aikaterini 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The syndrome of anosognosia for hemiplegia, or the lack of awareness for one’s paralysis following right hemisphere stroke, can provide unique insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms of self-awareness. Yet it remains unclear whether anosognosia for hemiplegia is a modality-specific deficit of sensorimotor monitoring, or whether domain-general processes of attention and belief-updating converge to cause anosognosia for hemiplegia. Using a Bayesian learning framework, we formalized and empirically investigated the hypothesis that failures to update anosognosic beliefs can be explained by abnormalities in the relative uncertainty (i.e. precision) ascribed to prior beliefs versus sensory information in different contexts. We designed a new motor belief-updating task that manipulated both the temporal (prospective and retrospective) and spatial (hemispace most affected by inattention and hemispace less affected by inattention) conditions in which beliefs had to be updated, and we validated its sensitivity to anosognosia for hemiplegia in 26 patients with right hemisphere stroke. We then computed and empirically tested two different Bayesian predictors of prospective beliefs using two proxies for precision in anosognosia for hemiplegia patients: (i) standardized, neuropsychological measures of objective attention abilities, i.e. visuospatial neglect scores and (ii) subjective uncertainty reports, i.e. confidence ratings. Our results suggest that while neglect does not affect local, sensorimotor error monitoring, it does seem to affect the degree to which observed errors are used to update more general, prospective beliefs about counterfactual motor abilities in anosognosia for hemiplegia. Difficulties in such ‘counterfactual’ belief-updating were associated with disruptions in tracts of the ventral attentional network (i.e. superior longitudinal fasciculus connecting the temporo-parietal junction and ventral frontal cortex) and associated lesions to the insula, inferior parietal cortex and superior temporal regions. These results suggest that self-awareness extends beyond local, retrospective monitoring, requiring also salience-based, convergence of beliefs about the self that go beyond the ‘here-and-now’ of sensorimotor experience.
Generative lesion pattern decomposition of cognitive impairment after stroke
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna K , Lim Jae-Sung , Bae Hee-Joon , Weaver Nick A , Kuijf Hugo J , Biesbroek J Matthijs , Rost Natalia S , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a frequent and disabling sequela of stroke. There is however incomplete understanding of how lesion topographies in the left and right cerebral hemisphere brain interact to cause distinct cognitive deficits. We integrated machine learning and Bayesian hierarchical modelling to enable a hemisphere-aware analysis of 1080 acute ischaemic stroke patients with deep profiling ∼3 months after stroke. We show the relevance of the left hemisphere in the prediction of language and memory assessments and relevance of the right hemisphere in the prediction of visuospatial functioning. Global cognitive impairments were equally well predicted by lesion topographies from both sides. Damage to the hippocampal and occipital regions on the left was particularly informative about lost naming and memory functions, while damage to these regions on the right was linked to lost visuospatial functioning. Global cognitive impairment was predominantly linked to lesioned tissue in the supramarginal and angular gyrus, the post-central gyrus as well as the lateral occipital and opercular cortices of the left hemisphere. Hence, our analysis strategy uncovered that lesion patterns with unique hemispheric distributions are characteristic of how cognitive capacity is lost due to ischaemic brain tissue damage.
Seventeen years of misdiagnosis in rare dyslipidaemia: a case report of sitosterolaemia in a young female
Authors: Frederiksen Tanja Charlotte , Mortensen Martin Bødtker , Kanstrup Helle Lynge 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Sitosterolaemia is a rare, autosomal recessive dyslipidaemia with increased absorption of dietary plant sterol and often presents with hypercholesterolaemia, xanthomas, and haematologic manifestations. If left untreated, sitosterolaemia can lead to high symptomatic burden and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Case summary
We describe a case of a young female who initially presented at 4 years of age with classic manifestations of sitosterolaemia. She was misdiagnosed and treated for both juvenile arthritis and later familial hypercholesterolaemia until adulthood, when venous blood samples showed significantly elevated concentrations of plant sterols. DNA analyses showed that the patient was homozygous for a mutation in the ABCG5 gene, [c.1336C&gt;T, p.(Arg446*)], which is known to be associated with sitosterolaemia.

Discussion
Sitosterolaemia presents with multiple manifestations, which can initially be misinterpreted leading to prolonged misdiagnosis. Early diagnosis is key in order to relieve symptoms and prevent CAD.