bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo filament formation by human hair keratins K85 and K35 follows a filament development pattern distinct from cytokeratin filament networks
Authors: Yamamoto Masaki , Sakamoto Yasuko , Honda Yuko , Koike Kenzo , Nakamura Hideaki , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Ando Shoji 
Published: February 2021

In human hair follicles, the hair‐forming cells express 16 hair keratin genes depending on the differentiation stages. K85 and K35 are the first hair keratins expressed in cortical cells at the early stage of the differentiation. Two types of mutations in the gene encoding K85 are associated with ectodermal dysplasia of hair and nail type. Here, we transfected cultured SW‐13 cells with human K85 and K35 genes and characterized filament formation. The K85–K35 pair formed short filaments in the cytoplasm, which gradually elongated and became thicker and entangled around the nucleus, indicating that K85–K35 promotes lateral association of short intermediate filaments (IFs) into bundles but cannot form IF networks in the cytoplasm. Of the K85 mutations related to ectodermal dysplasia of hair and nail type, a two‐nucleotide (C1448T1449) deletion (delCT) in the protein tail domain of K85 interfered with the K85–K35 filament formation and gave only aggregates, whereas a missense mutation (233A>G) that replaces Arg78 with His (R78H) in the head domain of K85 did not interfere with the filament formation. Transfection of cultured MCF‐7 cells with all the hair keratin gene combinations, K85–K35, K85(R78H)–K35 and K85(delCT)–K35, as well as the individual hair keratin genes, formed well‐developed cytoplasmic IF networks, probably by incorporating into the endogenous cytokeratin IF networks. Thus, the unique de novo assembly properties of the K85–K35 pair might play a key role in the early stage of hair formation.
Facile Total Syntheses of Putative and Revised Structures of Pethybrene
Authors: Jee Dong Whan , Lee Hee‐Yoon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe structural identity of pethybrene was confirmed as theoretically proposed 6‐5‐5 tricyclic structure through total syntheses of two putative structures. The originally proposed structure 1 was synthesized in 13 steps via Intramolecular Pauson‐Khand reaction to form the triquinane skeleton and the newly proposed structure from a theoretical study 2 was obtained from a known [2+2] cycloaddition product in 3 steps.
Magneto‐dielectricandmagneto‐conductingfillers based polymer composites: Effect of functionalization, coating and dispersion process on electromagnetic shielding properties
Authors: Vyas Manoj Kumar , Chandra Amita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic interference shielding of magneto‐dielectric (BaTiO3‐Fe3O4) and magneto‐conducting (f‐MWCNT‐Fe3O4) fillers based polymer electrolyte composites in the X‐band have been studied in the present work. Magneto‐dielectric and magneto‐conducting fillers have been obtained by in situ preparation of Fe3O4nanoparticles by chemical precipitation in the presence of BaTiO3and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNT). Functionalization of MWCNT has resulted in their strong bonding with the polymer electrolyte adversely affecting the charge transport properties and shielding effectiveness. Dielectric, magnetic and conducting properties of the magneto‐dielectric and magneto‐conducting fillers are found to be significantly different as a result of coating by Fe3O4nanoparticles on BaTiO3andf‐MWCNT. Combining two fillers in a single nanocomposite has exhibited non‐complimentary addition of their individual properties. The ultra‐sonication method of dispersion of the magneto‐conducting filler has been found to give better conducting and shielding effectiveness in comparison to the homogenization method due to better disentanglement of the nanotubes.
Urban heat islands in Hong Kong: Bonding with atmospheric stability
Authors: Wang Weiwen , Chen Bingyin , Xu Yong , Zhou Wen , Wang Xuemei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA barrier to urban heat island (UHI) mitigation is the lack of quantitative attribution of the various contributions to UHI intensity. This study demonstrates the daily and seasonal dynamics of UHIs in Hong Kong, a subtropical high‐density city. The nocturnal UHIs of the city are grouped according to various dynamic stability conditions (neutral, weak stable, and strong stable) of the boundary layer. Results indicate that the stronger the atmospheric stability, the more intense the UHI. The atmospheric anomalies linked to these stability classifications are hence revealed. In summer, nights of neutral (strong stable) stratification are controlled by low (high) pressure with rising (sinking) motion, less (more) precipitation, and lower (higher) air temperature at the surface. In winter, the influence of the large‐scale circulation system of the East Asian winter monsoon is significant. In the upper layer, the East Asian jet stream retreats westward (is displaced northward) on nights with neutral (strong stable) atmospheric stratification. At the surface, southeast China is hot and humid on neutral nights, while on strong stable nights, the coastal regions of southeast China are dry, and East Asia is dominated by positive surface air temperature anomalies. Atmospheric anomalies are generally nonsignificant on nights with weak stable stratification in both summer and winter. These findings provide potential predictors for UHI intensity.
Detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 D614G mutation using engineered Cas12a guide RNA
Authors: Meng Qingzhou , Wang Xinjie , Wang Yanqun , Dang Lu , Liu Xinyi , Ma Xiaodong , Chi Tian , Wang Xian , Zhao Qin , Yang Guang , Liu Ming , Huang Xingxu , Ma Peixiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetection of pathogens with single‐nucleotide variations is indispensable for the disease tracing, but remains technically challenging. The D614G mutation in the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein is known to markedly enhance viral infectivity but is difficult to detect. Here, we report an effective approach called “synthetic mismatch integrated crRNA guided Cas12a detection” (symRNA‐Cas12a) to detect the D614 and G614 variants effectively. Using this method, we systemically screened a pool of crRNAs that contain all the possible nucleotide substitutions covering the ‐2 to +2 positions around the mutation and identify one crRNA that can efficiently increase the detection specificity by 13‐fold over the ancestral crRNA. With this selected crRNA, the symRNA‐Cas12a assay can detect as low as 10 copies of synthetic mutant RNA and the results are confirmed to be accurate by Sanger sequencing. Overall, we have developed the symRNA‐Cas12a method to specifically, sensitively and rapidly detect the SARS‐CoV‐2 D614G mutation.
A real‐world data of Immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors from India
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Abraham George , Patil Vijay , Joshi Amit , Menon Nandini , Mahajan Abhishek , Janu Amit , Jain Srushti , Talreja Vikas T , Kapoor Akhil , Kumar Singh Gunjesh , Khaddar Satvik , Gupta Kushal , Rathinasamy Narmadha , Srinivas Sujay , Agrawal Amit , Ventrapati Pradeep , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCheckpoint inhibitors (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) are approved for multiple indications in solid tumors. However access to these therapies is limited in low and middle income countries. Hence we performed an audit to identify accessibility, adverse event rates, compliance, progression free survival and overall survival in solid tumors.MethodsThis was a single center retrospective analysis of prospective data base of patients with non‐melanoma solid tumors who were treated with immunotherapy from August 2015 to November 2018. Adverse events during immunotherapy were documented and graded using CTCAE (Common terminology criteria for adverse events), v. 4.02. The response rates to immunotherapy, toxicities and the time to onset and resolution of toxicities were also evaluated as secondary endpoints.ResultsOut of 9610 patients, only 155 patients (1.61%) could receive immunotherapy. The most common malignancies included metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma and relapsed/recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Median overall survival in patients who received immunotherapy in non‐melanoma solid malignancies was 5.37 months (95% CI, 3.73–9.73). Poor performance status at baseline was the only adverse prognostic factor. The median progression free survival was 2.57 months (95% CI, 1.73–3.83). Immunotherapy was well tolerated with most common side effects being fatigue 14.8% and anorexia 5.8%. The cumulative incidence of immune related adverse events like hepatitis, pneumonitis, colitis and nephritis was less than 10%.ConclusionReal‐world data in Indian setting confirms the benefit of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non‐melanoma solid tumors.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Study of Ring‐Opening Amide Analogs of Matrine as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Qian Mingcheng , Jiang Xinyu , Zhang Mingting , Hu Lijuan , Liu Huimin , Zhao Shuai , Zhou Xiaoying , Chen Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we designed and synthesized two series of matrine analogs with ring‐opening in the lactam portion of the molecule. Our in vitro cytotoxicity study showed that analog N‐(3‐bromophenyl)‐4‐[(1R,3aS,10aR,10bS)‐decahydro‐1H,4H‐pyrido[3,2,1‐ij][1,6]naphthyridin‐1‐yl]butanamide (B11) with a meta‐bromide on the phenyl ring displayed the best antiproliferative activity. Moreover, B11 induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner in A549 cells. Molecular modeling revealed that B11 achieved a higher docking score compared to its precursor tert‐butyl (1R,3aS,10aR,10bS)‐1‐[4‐(3‐bromoanilino)‐4‐oxobutyl]octahydro‐1H,4H‐pyrido[3,2,1‐ij][1,6]naphthyridine‐2(3H)‐carboxylate (A11, an analog of B11 with a Boc group) and parent compound matrine, possibly because B11 formed a hydrogen bond with SER91 and a halogen bond with GLN320 on the binding site of annexin A2. Overall, we discovered the potential anticancer lead compound B11, which can be used for further study both in vitro and in vivo.
Toward a more perfect coronary intervention…
Authors: Agarwal Shiv Kumar , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: February 2021

Key Points
Angiographic assessment to determine adequacy of stent expansion is unsatisfactory with approximately half of stents being underexpanded when evaluated by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
Adequate stent expansion is significant higher using IVUS, ranging from about 70–80% depending on the definition of stent expansion used.
This study showed that using the diameter of the external elastic membrane distal to the lesion to size stent diameter and postdilatation with a noncompliant balloon appears safe and provides improved stent expansion in lesions with positive remodeling.
Flexible Free‐Standing VO2/MXene Conductive Films as Cathodes for Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Zhenglu , Ru Qiang , Pan Zikang , Zheng Minhui , Chi‐Chun Ling Francis , Wei Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlexible rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have aroused tremendous attention owing to the good safety and abundant reserves, making it one of the most promising alternatives for novel energy storage devices. Herein, flexible, free‐standing hybrid films with a three‐dimensional interlaced network are reported for ZIBs. The flexible and pliable VO2/MXene hybrid films deliver a high specific capacity of 228.5 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and display a reversible capacity over 126.6 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 2 A g−1. More impressively, the flexible electrode also shows exciting mechanical flexibility and outstanding Zn2+ storage capability with a moderate capacity retention of 72.1 % after 2500 cycles at 5 A g−1 in quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs. The special structure can boost the diffusion pathway of Zn2+ and effectively stabilize the structure of the electrode upon cycling. This work also evidences that the flexible VO2/MXene hybrid films own an immense potential for portable and flexible equipment.
Enabling forward uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis in cardiac electrophysiology by reduced order modeling and machine learning
Authors: Pagani Stefano , Manzoni Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a new, computationally efficient framework to perform forward uncertainty quantification (UQ) in cardiac electrophysiology. We consider the monodomain model to describe the electrical activity in the cardiac tissue, coupled with the Aliev‐Panfilov model to characterize the ionic activity through the cell membrane. We address a complete forward UQ pipeline, including both: (i) a variance‐based global sensitivity analysis for the selection of the most relevant input parameters, and (ii) a way to perform uncertainty propagation to investigate the impact of intra‐subject variability on outputs of interest depending on the cardiac potential. Both tasks exploit stochastic sampling techniques, thus implying overwhelming computational costs because of the huge amount of queries to the high‐fidelity, full‐order computational model obtained by approximating the coupled monodomain/Aliev‐Panfilov system through the finite element method. To mitigate this computational burden, we replace the full‐order model with computationally inexpensive projection‐based reduced‐order models (ROMs) aimed at reducing the state‐space dimensionality. Resulting approximation errors on the outputs of interest are finally taken into account through artificial neural network (ANN)‐based models, enhancing the accuracy of the whole UQ pipeline. Numerical results show that the proposed physics‐based ROMs outperform regression‐based emulators relying on ANNs built with the same amount of training data, in terms of both numerical accuracy and overall computational efficiency.
Cotton root growth response to mepiquat chloride application in early reproductive stages are cultivar dependent
Authors: Cordeiro Carlos Felipe dos Santos , Santos Iago Fernandes , Mello Patrícia Rafaella de , Echer Fábio Rafael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMepiquat chloride (MC) is essential to reduce shoot growth and improve cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. latifolium Hutch) harvest index, but the effect of high rates on cotton root growth is not known yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of MC application on root and shoot growth of different cotton cultivars. Two studies were conducted in a greenhouse to (a) characterize the stage of greatest susceptibility to high rates of MC and (b) evaluate the response to MC on root growth of cultivars of different maturity cycles (FM 906GLT, early; TMG 44B2RF, mid‐early; TMG 81WS, late; and FM 985GLTP, late). Regardless of the cultivar, spraying of MC in the early reproductive stage (B3) reduced root length. These reductions began approximately 2 wk after spraying. But spraying MC in the late reproductive stage (F1) can increase root length. Application of up to 30 g ha−1 of MC hindered shoot growth for 2 wk, but applications of 60 g ha−1 hindered shoot growth for 3 wk. We recommend a maximum application of 30 g ha−1 of MC in the first application to reduce root growth damage and balance biomass production.
Structure–Reactivity Effects of Biomass‐based Hydroxyacids for Sustainable Electrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Martín‐Yerga Daniel , White Jai , Henriksson Gunnar , Cornell Ann 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiomass electro‐oxidation is a promising approach for the sustainable generation of H2 by electrolysis with simultaneous synthesis of value‐added chemicals. In this work, the electro‐oxidation of two structurally different organic hydroxyacids, lactic acid and gluconic acid, was studied comparatively to understand how the chemical structure of the hydroxyacid affects the electrochemical reactivity under various conditions. It was concluded that hydroxyacids such as gluconic acid, with a considerable density of C−OH groups, are highly reactive and promising for the sustainable generation of H2 by electrolysis at low potentials and high conversion rates (less than −0.15 V vs. Hg/HgO at 400 mA cm−2) but with low selectivity to specific final products. In contrast, the lower reactivity of lactic acid did not enable H2 generation at very high conversion rates (<100 mA cm−2), but the reaction was significantly more selective (64 % to pyruvic acid). This work shows the potential of biomass‐based organic hydroxyacids for sustainable generation of H2 and highlights the importance of the chemical structure on the reactivity and selectivity of the electro‐oxidation reactions.
A modified specimen holder for cone calorimeter testing of composite materials to reduce influence from specimen edges
Authors: Sandinge Anna , Blomqvist Per , Rahm Michael 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYISO 5660‐1 specifies the cone calorimeter method for characterizing the ignition and surface burning behavior of materials. The specimen is irradiated through a square opening in the frame of the specimen holder. The frame is intended to protect the edges of the specimen from irradiation but covers the edges with only a few mm. In tests with products such as composite laminates and sandwich wall panels, the production of pyrolysis gases from the edges and, in many cases, burning have been observed. Early contribution from the edges in the test is not representative for surface burning. A modified specimen holder was developed with a larger specimen size to allow better protection of the edges. The opening for exposure to irradiance of the retainer frame is circular and of the same area as that of the original frame. The distance between the exposed surface and the specimen edges is larger in order to prevent early exposure of edges. Tests using the standard specimen holder resulted in pyrolysis and burning from edges that took place outside of the specimen holder. Comparative tests using the modified specimen holder showed that it prevented the exposure and pyrolysis from edges for an extended time. However, the influence on ignition time and peak heat release due to the increased size of the modified specimen holder has not been characterized fully, and test results should not be used for direct comparison with those of the standard holder.
Efficient synthesis of novel 2‐(2‐chloroquinolin‐3‐yl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐amine derivatives
Authors: Akbari Mosayeb , Maleki Aziz , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Taayoshi Fahimeh , Adibpour Neda , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn efficient method is applied for the synthesis of novel 2‐(2‐chloroquinolin‐3‐yl)‐N‐alkylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐amine derivatives. The method is based on a two‐step approach from acetanilide, 2‐chloro‐3‐formyl quinoline, 2‐aminopyridine, and isocyanide under mild reaction conditions. In the first step, acetanilide forms 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde in the presence of phosphoryl chloride. The synthesized 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde takes part in a multicomponent reaction with 2‐aminopyridine, and isocyanide in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride. The reaction is facile and the products are synthesized in high isolated yields under mild reaction conditions.
Expert consensus on Didactic Clinical Skills Development for orthodontic curricula
Authors: Ferrer Vesna Lea S. , Van Ness Christopher , Iwasaki Laura R. , Nickel Jeffrey C. , Venugopalan Shankar Rengasamy , Gadbury‐Amyot Cynthia C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectiveCompetence is expected of each beginning dentist and orthodontist. However, the broad definition of competence presents a challenge to academic programs in identifying the level of cognition for students to achieve competence. This study aimed to determine the Didactic Clinical Skills Development curriculum content and competency in predoctoral and advanced education orthodontic programs.MethodA modified Delphi method with a consensus threshold of 70% was employed using an expert panel of academic orthodontists.ResultsRound One (n = 26) identified that all topics proposed by a focus group were necessary, except for predoctoral Appliances, which was at 65%. Round Two (n = 23) included subtopics of Appliances to confirm the lack of consensus, plus subtopics of all the other topics and the level of cognition required for each subtopic. The expert panel reached a consensus that all 24 subtopics, hence all topics, were necessary. In Round Three, subtopic responses in Round Two were assigned a value between 1 (remember) and 6 (create) to generate a hierarchical level‐of‐learning scale. Mean values were calculated for each subtopic response. For all subtopics, the mean level of cognition for predoctoral education was at understand; for advanced education, it was at evaluate.ConclusionThis consensus suggests that, to be deemed competent, beginning dentists must learn these topics and subtopics in the cognitive domain of understand, and beginning orthodontists in the cognitive domain of evaluate. This study showed an expert consensus on Didactic Clinical Skills Development orthodontic curriculum content and a panorama of educational objectives that could be used as a template for curriculum design.
Performance of Synthetic Extracellular Volume Fraction in Different Cardiac Phenotypes From a Prospective Cohort of Patients Referred for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Censi Stefano , Cimaglia Paolo , Barbieri Alessandra , Naldi Monica , Ruggerini Sara , Brogneri Simona , Tonet Elisabetta , Rapezzi Claudio , Squeri Angelo 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundA synthetic myocardial extracellular volume fraction (sECV) can be obtained without blood hematocrit (Hct) by using the linear relationship between Hct and the longitudinal relaxation time of blood. Concerns have been raised about the widespread clinical application of this approach.PurposeTo assess the relationship between measured ECV (m‐ECV) and sECV, using both a published model and a locally derived one.Study TypeSingle‐center, prospective.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T/modified Look Locker (MOLLI) sequence.SubjectsFifty‐two healthy subjects and 113 patients (76 with and 37 without a hypertrophic cardiac phenotype).AssessmentThree ECV values were obtained for each patient: 1) measured ECV (m‐ECV), using Hct from a venous blood sample; 2) Fent‐synthetic ECV (F‐sECV), using the equation proposed by Fent et al; and 3) Local‐synthetic ECV (L‐sECV), using the equation obtained from a local derivation cohort comprising 83 subjects.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk test, analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlation, Bland–Altman analysis, univariate and multivariable regression analysis.ResultsIn the validation cohort (N = 82), Bland–Altmann analysis revealed an excellent agreement between m‐ECV and L‐sECV with a statistically insignificant bias (−0.1%, limits of agreement: −2.8% and 2.6%; P = 0.528), while in the overall population (N = 165), the mean bias between m‐ECV and F‐sECV was small but significant (1.2%, limits of agreement: −1.5% and 3.9%, P < 0.05). F‐sECV bias was significantly higher for measured Hct (m‐Hct) values <0.372 (2.3% vs. 1.0%, P < 0.05). Among the phenotype subgroups, amyloidotic patients showed a higher bias compared to others, both with F‐sECV and L‐sECV (2.3% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.05 and 1.1% vs. 0.2%, P < 0.05, respectively).Data ConclusionAlthough synthetic ECV performs well in an external cohort, the use of a local formula further improves the accuracy of ECV estimate over a broad spectrum of cardiac phenotypes. Local sECV performs better for a wider range of Hct values, compared to the published model. Amyloidosis is the only group associated with a lower accuracy.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 2