bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EL CONTROL DE PRECIOS Y LA INTERVENCIÓN EXTERNA DE LOS CONTRATOS EN EL DERECHO CHILENO
Authors: Alcalde Jaime , Goldenberg Juan 
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo ofrece una presentación general sobre la técnica del control de precios y los casos en que se admite la intervención externa de los contratos en el derecho chileno. El cambio de paradigma desde una noción “cerrada” de contrato a otra “abierta” trajo consigo el reemplazo de la justicia conmutativa por la justicia procedimental. Esto supuso que el ordenamiento reaccionase mediante distintos expedientes para introducir correctivos de equidad. Nace así el “contrato dirigido” y, más adelante, diversos órdenes públicos de protecciones para ciertos grupos de contratantes. Como el derecho chileno no contiene una regla general sobre el control judicial del contenido contractual, y tampoco contempla el cambio sobrevenido de circunstancias, la materia se debe abordar de manera fraccionada, comenzando por el tratamiento de la lesión enorme en el Código Civil, prosiguiendo por la represión penal de la usura, la institucionalidad para supervisar el funcionamiento del comercio y los medios de tutela existentes en sede concursal. Especial mención merece el derecho del consumo, aunque tampoco dicha disciplina sectorial es demasiado explícita sobre la profundidad de la intervención del juez frente a una cláusula abusiva. Finalmente, no existe en Chile un reconocimiento general de las condiciones generales de contratación.
Human trafficking and surrogate motherhood: challenges
Authors: Checherskiy Viktor 
Published: October 2021

Owing to modern scientific advances prospective parents, among other opportunities, enjoy the opportunity, which has not been available before. It consists in giving birth to a child by using another woman’s reproductive capacity when the situation seems hardly improvable.
The paper examines surrogate motherhood as one of the reproductive methods through the prism of human trafficking. It aims at studying and differentiating such legal phenomena as the sale of human beings and surrogate motherhood, which is provided primarily on a paid-for basis, whose consequences (transferring irrevocably a child from one person to another), are externally similar.
The comparative legal and formal legal methods have been employed to provide a general description of international experience in regulating surrogate motherhood. Examples of absolutely opposite ways of pursuing state policy on the legalization of this type of reproductive methods in foreign countries are suggested: from a complete ban to legislative approval and even further simplification of the applying procedure.
It has been proved that there is no connection between acknowledgement of the legality of this procedure and the geographical location of states, the level of their economic development, the specifics of the legal system, and the like. It has been stated that none of the countries can be considered a universal example of solving these issues.
Based on the example of Ukrainian legislation, the author suggests distinguishing between the objective aspect of selling human beings and surrogate motherhood, which is provided, first of all, for a fee. It is emphasized that due to the peculiarities of reproductive technologies only a child should be the object of trade, not a person’s gametes, zygote, embryo or fetus. When a child is sold, in view of the objective aspect, the child is illegally transferred from one person to another. In legal surrogate motherhood agreements the object of the agreement concluded between the surrogate mother and the future parents is not the child, but the service related to embryo implantation, pregnancy and childbirth, id est, a long process.
Based on criminal law, there have been modelled the peculiarities of surrogate motherhood and its assessment used in determining the signs of human trafficking largely depending on genetic relationship between a child and customers (potential parents), as well as a child and a surrogate mother.
The mental element making the distinction between surrogacy and the trafficking of newborns is described. It is emphasized that qualifying as «trafficking in human beings» necessitates the proof of direct intent to unlawfully «transfer» a child, primarily in return for a fee.
It has been concluded that the legal regulation of surrogacy requires further improvement and consolidation at the legislative level. Investigators and prosecutors should investigate all the circumstances that were associated with the surrogacy methods applied in order to establish whether child trafficking occurred in each specific case.
El fallo “F.A.L.” a través de las críticas feministas al derecho
Authors: Medici Chantal 
Published: October 2021

En el año 2012 la Corte Suprema de Justicia emitió el fallo “F.A.L.”, que brindó certeza jurídica acerca de la legalidad de la interrupción del embarazo en los casos previstos por la ley, definió los alcances de la protección de la vida intrauterina y su arreglo con los compromisos internacionales y definió las responsabilidades del Estado. Luego de la aprobación de la ley 27.610 de Acceso a la Interrupción Legal del Embarazo, sectores conservadores iniciaron una multitud de acciones, muchas de las cuales esgrimen los mismos argumentos sobre los cuales la Corte Suprema ya sentó posición.
El presente artículo repasa los antecedentes del fallo “F.A.L.” y las definiciones de la sentencia y ofrece un análisis de los aportes que puede realizar a las críticas feministas al Derecho.
Teleneurology Teaching Service at a Rural Regional Campus
Authors: Beck Anne-Taylor , Cleaver Leeandra B. , Fuqua Joshua D. , Clark Katlyn B. , Nair Rohit S. , Hart E. Paige , Bolinger Rebecca R. , Crump William J. 
Published: October 2021

Regional rural medical school campuses offer many opportunities for medical students to gain more hands-on experience, have more direct interaction with attending physicians, and cultivate a deeper understanding of challenges and opportunities specific to rural medicine. Some specialty services such as neurology are not available at these small regional campuses, and telemedicine technology can be a valuable tool to address this need. We report the implementation of teleneurology stroke consultation services as part of the third-year neurology clerkship at a regional medical school campus. We analyzed daily clinical notes and student satisfaction surveys. Students saw many common and important presentations of cerebrovascular events. Students worked as part of a multi-disciplinary care team while following these patients through their hospital course with effective instruction provided by remote stroke neurologists. All students strongly agreed that telemedicine was a positive component of the clerkship. We conclude that teleneurology is an effective way to provide inpatient neurology clinical exposure, especially when remote attendings have a strong screen presence and are enthusiastic about teaching. We believe these findings could be useful to other campuses considering similar teaching methods, as innovations in telemedicine continue to address challenges in medical education and clinical care. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report and the Baptist Health Madisonville Institutional Review Board found this study to be exempt.
Motivating Factors of and Perceived Barriers to Research at a Canadian Medical University with Regional Campuses: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Leigh Jennifer , Khalid Maroof , Tsang Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Research training programs are an integral part of a well-rounded medical education. These programs help students contribute to medical knowledge, develop skills in critical evaluation and research dissemination, and they facilitate the training of our future medical researchers. Existing literature suggests barriers including lack of available time and access to projects may hinder a medical student’s research training. These barriers likely differ based on the medical school curriculum, and there exists limited data looking at these attitudes in Canadian students, students outside large academic centers or those in condensed programs. Given this, our study aims to further explore medical students' perceptions, perceived barriers of research in a three-year Canadian undergraduate medical school with regional campuses.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students (classes of 2019, 2020 and 2021) representing the main and regional campuses of the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in Ontario, Canada to explore their attitudes towards research. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participant demographics, research background and attitudes towards research.

Results
Overall, 70.4% of students identified as being involved in a research project at some point during their medical school tenure. Motivating factors for research participation included the goal of obtaining a residency spot (63.0%), and interest in their research topic (74.7%). Barriers to research included perceived lack of available time (31.5%), and difficulty in finding a research project (44.5%). Perceived curriculum deficiencies included lack of education in research methodology and appraisal of scientific literature (93.2% and 89.0%, respectively). Lastly, regional campuses tended conduct their research outside of their home campus (43.6% vs 3.3%, p<0.0001).

Conclusion
The findings from our study highlighted the students’ attitudes towards research in a Canadian medical school that has multiple campuses and a shortened medical curriculum (3-year). It identifies potential areas of improvement from a student perspective, which can hopefully be utilized by medical educators to continue the improvement of medical trainee research training.
Identification Of Putative Gene Signatures Associated With Diagnosis And Prognosis Of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tan Chao , Zuo Fang , Lu Mingqian , Chen Sai , Tian Zhenzhen , Hu Yong 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomakers for the development ofbreast cancer (BC).
Methods: GSE86374 dataset containing 159 samples was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database followed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification and cluster analysis. Corresponding functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to identify hub genes. Prognostic evaluation using clinical information obtained from TCGA database and hub genes was conducted to screen for crucial indicators for BC progression. The risk model was established and validated.
Results: In total, 186 DEGs were identified and grouped into four clusters: 96 in cluster 1; 69 in cluster 2; 16 in cluster 3; and 5 in cluster 4. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs, including ADH1B in cluster 1, were dramatically enriched in the tyrosine and drug metabolism pathways, while genes in cluster 2, including SPP1 and RRM2, played crucial roles in PI3K-Akt and p53 signalling pathway. SPP1 and RRM2 served as hub genes in the PPI network, resulting in an support vector machine classifier with good accuracy and specificity.Ad ditionally, the results of prognostic analysis suggest that age, metastasis stage, SPP1 and ADH1B were correlated with risk of BC, which was validated by using the established risk model analysis.
Conclusion: SPP1, RRM2 and ADH1B appear to play vital roles in the development of BC. Age and TNM stage were also preferentially associated with risk of developing BC. Evaluation of the risk model based on larger sample size and further experimental validation are required.
Combining the dynamics of Poverty and Deprivation
Authors: Perez-Mayo Jesus 
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses the evolution of poverty and deprivation. Besides, the study is focused on “consistent poverty”, defined as the combination of income and living conditions. In the poverty literature, other papers show high exit and re-entry rates depending on temporary income shocks. These conclusions are tested in the case of deprivation and consistent poverty by using latent and mixed Markov models.
This study is based on the ECHP data for Spain (1994-2001)
Inequality and Growth: A Heterogeneous Approach
Authors: Grigoli Francesco , Paredes Evelio , Di Bella Gabriel 
Published: October 2021

This article tests for cross-country convergence in income inequality and
estimates its impact on growth with a heterogeneous Panel Structural Vector
AutoRegression model, which addresses some empirical challenges plaguing
the literature. We find that income inequality is converging across countries,
and that its impact on growth is heterogeneous. While the median response of
real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth to income inequality
shocks is negative and significant, at least one fourth of the sample presents a
positive effect. Also, we find evidence that improved institutional frameworks
can reduce the negative effect of income inequality on growth.
Programa para el desarrollo emocional de los niños preescolares
Authors: Amaya de Lee Mariluces , Restrepo de Franco Beatriz , De Prías Carmen Elisa , Lizarazo de Nempeque Ana Rosalba , Tobón de Awad Martha 
Published: October 2021

La frecuente situación de egocentrismo, la falta de valores y violencia, que se vive en algunos lugares del mundo actual, ha llevado a varios autores a trabajar sobre la influencia que tiene el desarrollo emocional en la vida de las personas. En el Jardín Infantil Por un Mañana, se ha implementado un programa de desarrollo emocional, teniendo en cuenta la importancia del tema y la necesidad sentida de trabajarlo en nuestro país.
El programa se diseño siguiendo las pautas del Modelo de Pedagogía Participativa (Amaya, Lizarazo, y otros, 1997), el cuál se centra en el niño, aplicando acciones educativas que integran los saberes de la Pedagogía, la Terapia Ocupacional y la Fonoaudiologia. El programa se propone para la etapa pre-escolar y por lo tanto las estrategias y actividades están dirigidas a niños entre uno y medio y cinco años. Sin embargo se considera que los planteamientos son válidos para niños mayores, en cualquier grado escolar.
Se ha fundamentado en los planteamientos de los siquiatras Luis Carlos Restrepo y Daniel Goleman, Las sicólogas Ana María León, Lucia Pinto y Martha Rodríguez. Sus objetivos son: Facilitar y hacer amable al niño, el paso de la casa al colegio; desarrollar el conocimiento personal; propiciar el conocimiento del otro; favorecer el sentido de grupo; y enseñar a actuar democráticamente.
Effects of paroxetine on biochemical parameters and reproductive function in male rats
Authors: Rachid Mosbah  , Aziez Chettoum  , Alberto Mantovani  
Published: October 2021

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are a class of molecules used in treating depression, anxiety, and mood disorders. Paroxetine (PRT) is one of the most prescribed antidepressants, which has attracted great attention regarding its side effects in recent years. This study was planned to assess the adverse effects of paroxetine on the biochemical parameters and reproductive system. Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups (7 rats for each): control and treated with paroxetine at a dose of 5mg/kg.bw for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus for measuring the biochemical parameters, whereas the reproductive organs were removed for measuring semen quality and the histological investigations. Results showed that paroxetine induced significant changes in some biochemical parameters and alteration of semen quality, including sperm count, spermatids number and sperm viability, motility and abnormalities. The histopathological examinations of testis and epididymis revealed an alteration of spermatogenesis, cellular disorganization and vacuolization, enlargement of interstitial space, shrinkage and degenerative changes in the epithelium of seminiferous and epididymal tubules with few to nil numbers of spermatozoa in their lumen. In conclusion, paroxetine treatment caused changes in some biochemical parameters and sperm profiles as well as histopathologic effects of reproductive organs.
PENYULUHAN PENGOLAHAN PASCA PANEN CABE KELOMPOK TANI PERINTIS DI KOTA PAGAR ALAM
Authors: Irmeilyana Irmeilyana , Hanum Laila , Affandi Azhar Kholiq , Ngudiantoro Ngudiantoro , Windusari Yuanita 
Published: October 2021

Kota Pagar Alam dikenal sebagai salah satu sentra penghasil kopi robusta, perkebunan teh milik PTPN, buah-buahan seperti jeruk dan alpukat, serta penghasil produk hortikultura termasuk cabe. Hasil panen hortikultura dipasarkan langsung ke pengepul untuk dibawa ke pasar-pasar, baik pasar di Kota Pagar Alam, maupun dikirim ke luar daerah. Khalayak sasaran adalah istri-istri anggota Kelompok Tani Perintis, yang semuanya merupakan ibu rumah tangga dan membantu pekerjaan suami di kebun. Peranan wanita dalam keluarga sangat signifikan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas lahan pertanian kopi di Pagar Alam. Tujuan kegiatan PPM ini adalah untuk mengenalkan packaging produk cabe segar dan produk olahan pasca panen cabe melalui penyuluhan serta pengenalan cara sistem pemasaran secara digital. Setelah kegiatan penyuluhan selesai, keberlanjutan kegiatan dapat dievalusi pelaksanaannya melalui komunikasi online dengan support, sharing informasi, masukan-masukan, tanya jawab, dan diskusi. Hasil kegiatan PPM ini masih sebatas penyuluhan tentang pengenalan produk olahan cabe dan cara pemasaran digital. Tim pelaksana dan khalayak berbagi resep sambal beserta hasil produknya. Keterlibatan mahasiswa dan alumni sangat bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa/alumni dalam berkontribusi pada masyarakat dan juga membantu dalam kelancaran kegiatan. Karena khalayak berlatar belakang menekuni usaha tani hortikultura dan kopi, maka khalayak juga sangat tertarik diskusi tentang cara pemeliharaan tanaman hortikultura dan kebun kopi. Mereka mempunyai ketergantungan yang tinggi kepada tengkulak, sehingga pendekatan untuk menumbuhkan jiwa wirausaha (enterpreneur) harus dilakukan secara bertahap.
Cyfrowy warsztat pracy współczesnego nauczyciela bibliotekarza szkoły muzycznej I i II stopnia
Authors: Borowska-Jadłoś Anna 
Published: October 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano cyfrowy warsztat pracy współczesnego nauczyciela bibliotekarza szkoły muzycznej I i II stopnia. Zwrócono uwagę na otwarte zasoby edukacyjne przydatne w codziennej pracy bibliotekarzy muzycznych. Wskazano biblioteki cyfrowe i strony edukacyjne podejmujące zagadnienia związane z muzyką klasyczną, udostępniające druki muzyczne i scenariusze lekcji. Przybliżone zostały także podstawy prawne funkcjonowania bibliotek szkolnych.
Stéréotypes, idées reçues et lieux communs dans l’œuvre et la Correspondance de Gustave Flaubert
Authors: Rînciog Diana 
Published: October 2021

Flaubert undeniably represents a fascinating case with regard to stereotyping, especially if one considers not only his masterpiece, Madame Bovary, but also his last volume, left unfinished in perhaps a symbolic way, Bouvard et Pécuchet, and the collections of clichés included in his Dictionnaire des idées reçues and Le Sottisier. What is prosaic is important for the novelist. Moreover, in his Correspondence we find a real and fascinating interest in the topic of the cliché. A key sentence concerning what is commonplace suggestively describes Charles Bovary’s conversation: “Charles’ conversation was as flat as a pavement, and people’s ideas paraded on it in their ordinary outfit, without vibrating with emotion, with laughter or with daydreaming” (my translation). Essentially, our aim is to dwell on language and gesture stereotypes as presented in some of Flaubert’s novels as well as in the short story Un cœur simple (A Simple Heart) and even in his travel notes. Furthermore, through the agency of Jean-Paul Sartre’s ample work L’Idiot de la famille (The Family Idiot), it is our aim to look into the language mechanisms which lead to mal du siècle in Flaubert’s view, namely the stupidity of wanting a conclusion and the circulation of received ideas.
« La lutte des sexes », ou les stéréotypes sur les femmes dans Une vie secrète de Lenormand, La Valse des toréadors d’Anouilh et Capitaine Bada de Vauthier
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz 
Published: October 2021

August Strindberg is considered the herald of modern drama. His protean work, which goes from naturalism to mystical aesthetics, anticipating surrealism and the theater of the absurd, even today defies, as it did in his epoch, by its brutal or cruel aspects. Without any doubt, the origin of a certain mistrust towards the author of Inferno would be his declared misogyny. It could be criticized on this subject for disclosing prejudices against women, which in the form of stereotypes, survive to this day. Nevertheless, many French playwrights are inspired by the infernal conflict between man and woman that the Swede describes with a stripping frenzy. Indeed, by analyzing the plays of the French theater of the first half of the 20th century, we notice that some authors take up the motive of the “struggle of the sexes” that will be reworked or “modernized” in their own way. It is interesting in this regard to study the vehicular discourse of clichés on women, found in the works of writers such as Henri-René Lenormand (A Secret Life), Jean Anouilh (Waltz of the Toreadors) and Jean Vauthier (Captain Bada). While none of these playwrights has ever openly declared their hostility to the so-called weaker sex, their texts provide a valuable reservoir of common ground on male-female relationships, which in most cases have not lost their actuality.
Permissivités des grands topoï romanesques dans l’œuvre de Boualem Sansal
Authors: Romain Lisa 
Published: October 2021

Being an author whose main struggle has been to track down relentlessly ready-for-use thought structures, the use of literary topoï is far from being self-evident for Boualem Sansal. That’s why the appearance of a topos in his novels is always the sign of a thoughtful aesthetic and ethic choice. Thus, great literary topoï of 17th and 18th centuries novels embodies, in his mind, the golden age of a fully potent fiction. Dealing with a harsh reality and expected to complete french readership expectations of documentary sources, Boualem Sansal’s work constantly intends to reassert the role of a fiction that has been too much tamed, for him, in modern literary aesthetics. That’s the way we can understand his occasional but meaningful use of topoï.
Mercy Thompson de Patricia Briggs – une série pour les jeunes féministes ?
Authors: Loska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, young adult literature is becoming increasingly popular and occupies an important place in the book market. Among the different genres offered to young readers, urban fantasy has a considerable potential. The aim of the present study is to examine if Patricia Briggs’ series about the adventures of Mercy Thompson can be considered as a literary work for young feminists. The analysis of the protagonist (an urban hunter and a shapeshifter) and some events in her life (relationship with her partner and rape) demonstrates the feminist aspect of the series.
What a Difference a Brick Makes? Transitions of Memory and Shanghai Shikumen Walls
Authors: Pawlik Karolina 
Published: October 2021

This essay is intended as an appreciation of an overlooked element of Chinese material culture: discarded blue bricks from demolished shikumen houses in Shanghai. It contemplates the concept and materiality of a wall from a unique perspective, combining insights from Chinese architecture history and scholarly tradition of appreciating stones. Combining scientific and poetic approaches, the author argues that these bricks can be contemplated analogically to ink landscape paintings and famous Dali dreamstones. The author uses these clay objects as a starting point to reflect on the rapid transformation of Chinese cities and complex relationship between enduring tradition and ongoing modernization.