bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of call detail records to inform the COVID-19 response in Ghana—opportunities and challenges
Authors: Li Tracey , Bowers Rachel , Seidu Omar , Akoto-Bamfo Gloria , Bessah David , Owusu Victor , Smeets Laurent 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Telecommunications data are being explored by many countries as a new source of data that can be incorporated into their national statistical systems. In particular, “mobile positioning data” are increasingly being used to study population movements and population distributions. However, the legal, ethical, and technical complexities of working with this type of data often pose many barriers, which can prevent the data from being used at the times when it is most urgently needed. We demonstrate how having a robust public–private partnership framework, a privacy-preserving technical setup, and a communications strategy already in place, prior to an emergency, can enable governments to harness the advantages of telecommunications data at the times when it is most valuable. However, even once these foundations are in place, the challenges of competing priorities, managing expectations, and maintaining communication with data consumers during a pandemic mean that the potential of the data is not automatically translated into direct impact. This highlights the importance of sensitisation exercises, targeted at potential data users, to make clear the potential and limitations of the data, as well as the importance of being able to maintain direct communication with data users. The views expressed in this work belong solely to the authors and should not be interpreted as the views of their institutions.
The Autocrat's Corruption Dilemma
Authors: Carothers Christopher 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA large body of scholarship shows that autocrats can use corruption strategically to strengthen their political hold, such as by distributing rents to their supporters. However, this scholarship often overlooks how corruption may also politically damage autocrats. I argue that corruption often brings substantial political costs alongside its advantages, resulting in a ‘corruption dilemma’ for autocrats. I show that in recent years, public anger over corruption has led to numerous anti-government protests and has been a major cause of autocrats being ousted from power. How politically costly corruption is depends on factors such as the public's tolerance for corruption, whether the autocrat is accountable to quasi-democratic institutions and whether the autocrat can credibly claim to be fighting corruption. The case of Malaysia illustrates how relying on corrupt practices to stay in power can backfire even in a long-standing authoritarian regime. My analysis advances our understanding of corruption's mixed role in authoritarian durability and authoritarian strategies of rule.
The Allocation of Committee Chairs and the Oversight of Coalition Cabinets in Belgium
Authors: Chiru Mihail , De Winter Lieven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe appointment of committee chairs to monitor the actions of ministers belonging to coalition partners has received considerably less attention than other mechanisms of policing the coalition agreement at executive or legislative level. We take a longitudinal perspective focusing on 11 Belgian cabinets (1980–2018) to study the determinants of such appointments and whether there is a substitution effect between shadow chairs, junior ministers and coalition agreements. Our findings indicate that the probability of appointing a shadow committee chair is higher when the ideological distance between the minister's party and the coalition is larger. Other key findings are that ministers facing hostile junior ministers tend to be shadowed by committee chairs as well, while shadow chairs are also more frequent in minimum winning coalitions.
A public health perspective on mental health: lessons for population health in the 21st century
Authors: Lucey James V. 
Published: June 2021

In December 2019, clinicians and academics from the disciplines of public health and psychiatry met in Dublin at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), to restate their shared commitment to population health. The purpose of this review is to bring our discussion to a wider audience. The meeting could not have been more timely. Six weeks later, the COVID-19 emergency emerged in China and within 12 months it had swept the world. This paper, the contents of which were presented at that meeting in December recommended that future healthcare would be guided more by public health perspectives and informed by an understanding of health economics, population health and the lessons learned by psychiatry in the 20th century. Ultimately two issues are at stake in 21st century healthcare: the sustainability of our healthcare systems and the maintenance of public support for population health. We must plan for the next generation of healthcare. We need to do this now since it is clear that COVID-19 marks the beginning of 21st century medicine.
A product form for the general stochastic matching model
Authors: Moyal Pascal , Bušić Ana , Mairesse Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider a stochastic matching model with a general compatibility graph, as introduced by Mairesse and Moyal (2016). We show that the natural necessary condition of stability of the system is also sufficient for the natural ‘first-come, first-matched’ matching policy. To do so, we derive the stationary distribution under a remarkable product form, by using an original dynamic reversibility property related to that of Adan, Bušić, Mairesse, and Weiss (2018) for the bipartite matching model.
Random additions in urns of integers
Authors: Simper Mackenzie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsider an urn containing balls labeled with integer values. Define a discrete-time random process by drawing two balls, one at a time and with replacement, and noting the labels. Add a new ball labeled with the sum of the two drawn labels. This model was introduced by Siegmund and Yakir (2005) Ann. Prob.33, 2036 for labels taking values in a finite group, in which case the distribution defined by the urn converges to the uniform distribution on the group. For the urn of integers, the main result of this paper is an exponential limit law. The mean of the exponential is a random variable with distribution depending on the starting configuration. This is a novel urn model which combines multi-drawing and an infinite type of balls. The proof of convergence uses the contraction method for recursive distributional equations.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on suspected head and neck cancer two-week-wait referrals
Authors: Bhamra N , Gorman B , Arnold W , Rajah A , Jolly K , Nieto H , Fussey J , Liew L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of coronavirus disease 2019 extends far beyond the immediate burden on healthcare systems caused by hospitalisation of patients with the disease itself.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the referral rate of patients to the suspected head and neck cancer two-week-wait clinic.MethodsA multicentre retrospective study was performed investigating data collected for all patients attending the suspected head and neck cancer two-week-wait clinic in ENT departments in the West Midlands.ResultsA total of 509 fast-track referrals were received from February to April in 2019, compared to 399 referrals in 2020. April 2020 saw a 62.4 per cent reduction in referral rate compared to April 2019.ConclusionThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in changes to health-seeking behaviours, and healthcare provision and delivery. Urgent policy interventions may be required to compensate for the hidden impact that the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had on those with cancer.
Advanced soft robot modeling in ChainQueen
Authors: Spielberg Andrew , Du Tao , Hu Yuanming , Rus Daniela , Matusik Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present extensions to ChainQueen, an open source, fully differentiable material point method simulator for soft robotics. Previous work established ChainQueen as a powerful tool for inference, control, and co-design for soft robotics. We detail enhancements to ChainQueen, allowing for more efficient simulation and optimization and expressive co-optimization over material properties and geometric parameters. We package our simulator extensions in an easy-to-use, modular application programming interface (API) with predefined observation models, controllers, actuators, optimizers, and geometric processing tools, making it simple to prototype complex experiments in 50 lines or fewer. We demonstrate the power of our simulator extensions in over nine simulated experiments.
Autonomous vehicle self-localization in urban environments based on 3D curvature feature points – Monte Carlo localization
Authors: Liu Qi , Di Xiaoguang , Xu Binfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a map-based localization system for autonomous vehicle self-localization in urban environments, which is composed of a pose graph mapping method and 3D curvature feature points – Monte Carlo Localization algorithm (3DCF-MCL). The advantage of 3DCF-MCL is that it combines the high accuracy of the 3D feature points registration and the robustness of particle filter. Experimental results show that 3DCF-MCL can provide an accurate localization for autonomous vehicles with the 3D point cloud map that generated by our mapping method. Compared with other map-based localization algorithms, it demonstrates that 3DCF-MCL outperforms them.
Bridging the gaps in test interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 through Bayesian network modelling
Authors: Wu Yue , Foley David , Ramsay Jessica , Woodberry Owen , Mascaro Steven , Nicholson Ann E. , Snelling Tom 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the absence of an established gold standard, an understanding of the testing cycle from individual exposure to test outcome report is required to guide the correct interpretation of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and optimise the testing processes. Bayesian network models have been used within healthcare to bring clarity to complex problems. We use this modelling approach to construct a comprehensive framework for understanding the real-world predictive value of individual RT-PCR results.
We elicited knowledge from domain experts to describe the test process through a facilitated group workshop. A preliminary model was derived based on the elicited knowledge, then subsequently refined, parameterised and validated with a second workshop and one-on-one discussions.
Causal relationships elicited describe the interactions of pre-testing, specimen collection and laboratory procedures and RT-PCR platform factors, and their impact on the presence and quantity of virus and thus the test result and its interpretation. By setting the input variables as ‘evidence’ for a given subject and preliminary parameterisation, four scenarios were simulated to demonstrate potential uses of the model.
The core value of this model is a deep understanding of the total testing cycle, bridging the gap between a person's true infection status and their test outcome. This model can be adapted to different settings, testing modalities and pathogens, adding much needed nuance to the interpretations of results.
Predictors and moderators of outcomes in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention for early breast cancer patients
Authors: Tamura Noriko , Park Sunre , Sato Yasunori , Sato Yasuko , Takita Yuka , Ninomiya Akira , Sado Mitsuhiro , Mimura Masaru , Fujisawa Daisuke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo deliver mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) efficiently, the present study aimed (1) to identify predictors and moderators of patients who benefit from MBCT for psychological distress and (2) to explore the initial treatment reaction to identify the optimal number of sessions that produce a significant clinical effect.MethodsThis is the secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of MBCT for breast cancer patients (N= 74). We classified the participants into remitters vs. non-remitters, and responder vs. non-responders, according to the total score of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at the end of the intervention. We conducted multivariate analyses to explore for predictors of response and remission. We adopted generalized estimating equations to explore the optimal number of sessions.ResultsSociodemographic and clinical backgrounds did not have significant influence on the treatment outcomes of the MBCT. Better program adherence, which was represented as the participants’ better attendance to the MBCT program, was a significant predictor of both remission and response [odds ratio (OR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–2.89,p= 0.003, and OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.12–2.65,p= 0.013, respectively]. It was not until seventh session that the remission rate exceeded 50% and the response rate showed significance.Significance of resultsSociodemographic and clinical characteristics did not significantly influence the treatment outcomes, while homework minutes and class attendance had significant effects on treatment outcomes. This implies that MBCT is recommended to any cancer patient, if he/she is motivated to the program, regardless of their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Patients are encouraged to attend a standard MBCT program (eight sessions) and do the assigned homework as intensely as possible. Further studies with larger sample and objective measurements are desired.
Joint Discussion 1: Abundance Ratios in the Oldest Stars
Authors: Barbuy Beatriz , Bessell Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

Joint Discussion 1 was supported by Division IV (Stars) and Commission 29 (Stellar Spectra), and co-supported by Commissions 28 (Galaxies), 36 (Theory of Stellar Atmospheres) and 37 (Stellar Clusters and Associations). Members of the scientific organizing committee were: N. Arimoto (Japan), B. Barbuy (Brazil), T. Beers (USA), J. Bergeron (Germany), M. Bessell (Australia), R. Cayrel (France), G. Gilmore (UK), B. Gustafsson (Sweden), F. Matteucci (Italy), P. Nissen (Den-mark), and M. Rich (USA).The inspiration for this meeting was the growing overlap and connections between previously separate areas of astrophysical research, namely, studies of stellar abundances, the bulges of galaxies, the gaseous components of nearby galaxies and the clouds (some of which may be primordial) responsible for the narrow absorption lines in quasars.The signature of the early chemical evolution of our Galaxy is imprinted in the abundance ratios of the oldest stars. We recall that element ratios are determined by a mix of the relative rates of different types of supernovae, the stellar IMF, and the relative histories of star formation rates and gaseous flows, and thus encapsulate much of the history of star formation and ISM evolution in galaxies. Hence, abundance ratios in stars are a primary probe for testing theories of galaxy formation and evolution.We do not know how the Galaxy formed: both the Eggen, Lynden-Bell & Sandage (1962) and the Searle & Zinn (1978) scenarios may be accommodated in the recent proposal of van den Bergh (1993) where the inner Galaxy follows ELS, whereas the outer Galaxy formation conforms to the Searle-Zinn proposition. A combination of abundance ratios, ages derived from colour-magnitude diagrams, and kinematical properties, can give us the required information to trace the past history of our Galaxy. We note here, that although stellar evolution and model atmospheres are not discussed in the proceedings both topics are of fundamental underlying importance. Model atmospheres are used to derive temperatures, colors and bolometric corrections of stars that are used not only in abundance analyses but also in deriving the ages of stars by comparing CM diagrams with HR diagrams. This process is under close scrutiny because of the apparent difference between the ages of the oldest stars and the expansion age of the universe.
Relation Between BCDS and Blue LSBGS
Authors: Bergvall Nils , Östlin Göran , Pharasyn Arnaud , Rönnback Jari , Masegosa Josefa 
Published: June 2021

Two important questions are connected to the evolutionary history of blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs): the triggering mechanism of the starburst and the properties of the precursor(s) and successor. The halos of many BCDs show red colours indicating that the host galaxy is in fact of early type. But where did the gas come from? Was it there from the start in a quiescent mode or was it fed by a merger with an intergalactic gas cloud or a gas-rich dwarf? Is there a general answer to this question or are there different families of BCDs?The BCDs generating most of the interest are those with low chemical abundances, typically 10% solar. The only plausible precursors in this case are metal-poor dis, LSBGs or pure HI clouds (e.g. Thuan & Seitzer 197, ApJ 231, 680). In a comparison between LSBGs and BCDs Taylor et al. (e.g. 1997, ApJ 480, 524; 1996, ApJS 107, 143) found an excess of HI rich companions in the environments of BCDs which they interpret as a support of tidal triggering. We have studied a few massive (~ 109Mʘ ) metal- poor blue compact galaxies (BCGs). These are too bright to be classified as dwarfs but define an extension of the BCD family. For simplicity we will in the following use the common abbrevation BCD. In a search for possible precursors we have studied a sample of blue LSBGs with metallicities similar to BCDs (5-15%).
Compact Galaxies at Z = 0.2-1.3: Implications for Galaxy Evolution and the Star Formation History of the Universe
Authors: Guzman R. , Phillips A.C. , Gallego J. , Koo D.C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study the global properties of 51 compact field galaxies with redshifts z ~ 0.2 - 1.3 and apparent magnitudes I814 < 23.74 in the flanking fields of the Hubble Deep Field. All these galaxies have angular half-light radii re < 0.5 arcsec. Keck spectra covering ~4000-9000 Å, combined with HST І814 images and Keck V-band images, were used to derive redshifts, V606 - I814 colors, absolute blue magnitudes (MB), linear half-light radii (Re), blue average surface brightnesses within Re (SBe), velocity widths (σ), virial masses (M), mass-to-light ratios (M/L), excitations (O[III]/Hβ), and star formation rates (SFR). The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
(i):Only 12% of the 51 compact galaxies have absorption-line dominated spectra, while 88% show strong, narrow emission lines, similar to the so-called CNELGs (e.g., Koo, this volume).(ii):Despite being very luminous (i.e., LB ~ L*; see figure la), compact emission-line galaxies are low-mass stellar sytems (i.e., M ≤ 1010 Mʘ, typically; see figure lb).(iii):Roughly 60% of the compact emission-line galaxies have colors, sizes, surface brightnesses, luminosities, velocity widths, excitations, star formation rates, and mass-to-light ratios characteristic of young, star-forming HII galaxies (see figures 1 and 2). The remaining 40% form a more heterogeneous class of evolved starbursts, similar to local disk starburst galaxies.(iv):Without additional star formation, galaxy evolution models predict that HII-like distant compacts will fade to resemble today’s spheroidal galaxies such as NGC 205 (Koo, this volume).
The Planetary Theories and The Precession of the Ecliptic
Authors: Bretagnon P. 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I give the present state of the analytical planetary theories by describing the general theories and the secular variation theories, the variations of the ecliptic with respect to the ecliptic J2000, the utilization of the analytical planetary theories in the calculation of the precession-nutation of the equator and in the calculation of the expressions of transformation between the barycentric and geocentric reference systems. At last, I describe the construction of new planetary theories undertaken at the Bureau des longitudes.The analytical planetary theories arise in two forms: the general theories give, with a low accuracy, the variations of the elements of the planets over several million years; the secular variation theories reach a high accuracy over time spans of a few thousands of years.In all these solutions, the motion of the planets is represented with 6 elements: a, the semi major axis, λ, the mean longitude and the variables k = e cos ϖ, h = e sin ϖ, q = sin ½ cos Ω, p = sin ½ sin Ω where e represents the eccentricity of the orbit, w the longitude of the perihelion, i the inclination of the orbit about the ecliptic J2000 and Ω the longitude of the node.
Search for Signs of A New Outburst in the Quiescent State of CH CYG
Authors: Kotnik-Karuza D. , Jurdana Šepić R. 
Published: June 2021

Our high-resolution optical spectroscopic survey of the symbiotic star CH Cyg, extending over the quiescent period 1987 - 1989 between two outbursts, shows that the spectrum did not completely lose its symbiotic character. Moreover, signs of radiation of the hot source were present, not only as remnants from the previous outburst, but also as an indication of a new one. Some of the evidences which support this idea are following:• Variation of excitation and vibration temperatures of neutral metals and TiO moleculs respectively• Untypical microturbulent velocity dependance of the excitation potential of the lower state for Fe I• Double-peaked Balmer profiles of Ha and Hb with temporary disappearance of the central absorption• Presence of forbbiden emission lines [FeII] [ SII] [NeIII] together with OIII with complex profile and variable intensity.
The Variations in Light Curves of Contact Binary AU SER
Authors: Yue-Rong Li Zong-Yun Ding 
Published: June 2021

Photometry of AU Ser, a contact binary in poor thermal contact, was made using the 1-meter reflector of the Yunnan Observatory, China, in 1991, 1992and 1995. Our observations, together with Binnendijk’s (1972), show variations in light curves similar to ones of VW Cep:1)Changes in sign and value of O’Connell effect. According to Binnendijk(1972), the maximum following primary minimum was higher than the other maximum, i.e., the O’Connell effect was positive. In our 1991 and 1992 light curves it became negative. After three years, however, the situation has reversed again.2)Variations of the difference between minimum depths.The difference in 1991 was smaller than that in 1969 and 1970. It got smallest in 1992 and largest in 1995. The difference increases by about 0.3 mag in three years, which is hard to explained.3)The phase shift. The observed minimum phase in 1991, 1992 and 1995 have progressively displaced forward with respect to computed minimum phase according to Binnendijk’s ephemeris. The O-C diagram seems to indicate a sudden decrease of orbital period after 1970. Also, short period oscillations have been found at frequencies of 0.0003, 0.005 and 0.0075 Hz. Flickering. with an average amplitude of about 0.05 mag, can be seen in the light curves. The power spectral analysis suggest the existence of oscillations. It is unusual that such oscillations exist in a contact binary.