bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuna blood inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Klaypradit Wanwimol , Hawangjoo Mantira , Ngasakul Nujamee , Chonpathompikunlert Pennapa , Limpawattana Maruj , Sukketsiri Wanida 
Published: April 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammation effects of the freeze-dried tuna whole blood (FTB), and freeze-dried tuna blood cell (FTC) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.Methods: The RAW264.7 cells were pre-administered with FTB and FTC at different concentrations for 2 h and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in RAW 264.7 cells were then determined.Results: The results showed that only FTB remarkably abolished LPS-induced ROS in RAW264.7 cells. FTB and FTC significantly decreased LPS-induced NO which IC50 values of FTB and FTC after 24 h were 78.58 and 22.47 μg/mL, respectively. TNF-α and IL-1β secretion were abolished by FTB and FTC in LPS-stimulated macrophages which IC50 values of both FTB and FTC after 24 h were more than 25 μg/mL, respectively. However, the efficacy of FTC against inflammatory mediators was due to cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells.Conclusion: Tuna whole blood potentially inhibits inflammation through modulating the synthesis of several mediators and cytokines associated with the development of inflammation. These findings suggest a role of tuna blood on anti-inflammatory activity.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, RAW 264.7 cells, red blood cell, tuna blood, waste utilization
Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in breast cancer: A molecular study on Iranian women
Authors: Ghaffari Hadi , Tavakoli Ahmad , Nafissi Nahid , Farahmand Mohammad , Ghorbani Saied , Moochani Somayeh Sadat , Hashemi-Bahremani Mohammad , Alebouyeh Mahmoud Reza , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in breast cancer pathology is not well understood. Our study aimed to investigate the association of HCMV and EBV infections with breast cancer and distinguish the types of positive EBV and LMP-1 samples in Iranian patients. METHODS: Seventy-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues were analyzed between December 2014 and April 2016. Samples were analyzed for HCMV and EBV using nested-PCR and conventional PCR assays, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18. RESULTS: Overall, HCMV and EBV genomes were detected in 6.9% and 16.7% of FFPE breast cancer tissues, respectively. Clinical factors were not statistically associated with the presence of HCMV and EBV. CONCLUSION: In this study, we reported EBV and LMP-1 typing in breast carcinoma cases for the first time in Iran. Our findings indicate that HCMV and EBV infections are not associated with the development of breast cancer.
Detecting accurate tumor size across imaging modalities in breast cancer
Authors: Sogunro Olutayo , Cashen Constance , Fakir Sami , Stausmire Julie , Buderer Nancy 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Of the most common imaging modalities for breast cancer diagnosis – mammogram (MAM), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – it has not been well established which of these most accurately corresponds to the histological tumor size. OBJECTIVE: To determine which imaging modality (MAM, US, MRI) is most accurate for determining the histological tumor size of breast lesions. METHODS: A retrospective study of 76 breast cancers found in 73 female patients who received MAM, US, and/or MRI was performed. 239 charts were reviewed and 73 patients met inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed using signed rank tests comparing the reported tumor size on the imaging modality to the tumor size on pathology report. RESULTS: Mammography and ultrasonography underestimated tumor size by 3.5 mm and 4 mm (p-values < 0.002), respectively. MRI tends to overestimate tumor size by 3 mm (p-value = 0.0570). Mammogram was equivalent to pathological size within 1 mm 24% of the time and within 2 mm 35% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: No one single modality is the most accurate for detecting tumor size. When interpreting the size reported on breast imaging modalities, the amount of underestimation and overestimation in tumor size should be considered for both clinical staging and surgical decision-making.
Problematic Issues of Preventive Activities of Investigators and Interrogators in the Legislation of Ukraine and Some Foreign Countries
Authors: Balats R. M. 
Published: April 2021

The author has carried out a comparative analysis of the normative provisions of the legislation of Ukraine and some foreign countries on preventive activities, in particular the regulation of tasks to identify the causes and conditions that contributed to the crime during the pre-trial investigation. The annual increase in the number of criminal offenses indicates the need to introduce the institution of preventive activities of investigators and interrogators into the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. The scientific views of scholars have been studied and the own vision of the raised problems has been developed.
The issue of the essence of identifying the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of a criminal offense and its normative enshrinement in legislation at some historical stages of the development of our country and the world community has been studied.
Based on the analysis of theoretical developments of scholars on criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine and the practice of pre-trial investigation and inquiry of some post-Soviet countries on issues related to the research topic, the author has placed emphasis on the significant shortcomings of legal regulation of preventive activities of investigators and interrogators during the pre-trial investigation.
The author has presented own point of view on the preventive activities of investigators and interrogators during the pre-trial investigation as one of the main tasks of such an investigation, in particular to identify the causes and conditions that contributed to criminal offenses and take necessary and effective measures to eliminate them through the appropriate agencies and their chiefs, which is offered to be enshrined in the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and the departmental regulatory base.
Progress in Reducing Inequalities in Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Services in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Achyut Raj , Ojha Biwesh , Shrestha Niraj , Maskey Jasmine , Sharma Dikshya , Godwin Peter , Chalise Binaya , Aryal Krishna Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Background: Equity has emerged as a cross-cutting theme in the health sector, and countries across the world are striving to ensure that all people have access to the health services they need without undue financial hardship and educational, social, cultural and geographical barriers. In this context, this analysis has attempted to analyse Nepal’s progress in reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services based on economic status and place of residence.Methods: In this analysis, we have used data available from the web version of the Health Equity Assessment Toolkit, a data visualisation tool developed by the World Health Organisation. We have analysed the inequalities in terms of a composite coverage index which combines eight reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions along the continuum of care.Results: Composite coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services was 43% in 2001 which increased to 65% in 2016. The absolute difference in composite coverage of the services between the lowest and highest wealth quintiles decreased from 28-percentage points in 2001 to 8-percentage points in 2016. The difference in service coverage between the urban and rural settings reduced from 21-percentage points to six percentage points in the period. Among the eight various services, births attended by skilled birth attendants is the indicator with the highest scope for improvement. Conclusions: Inequalities based on wealth quintiles and residence places have narrowed from 2001 to 2016. Additional efforts in expanding skilled birth attendants and antenatal care service coverage among the poorest quintile and rural residents could further improve the coverage of the indicators at the national level and narrow down the inequalities.Keywords: Health services; inequality; maternal; Nepal; newborn and child health; reproductive health
Therapeutic effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety syndromes among adolescents: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Mazon Luciana Maria , Siewert Josiane Steil , Duarte Vanderleia Muller , Fernandes Emanuela , Dumke Gustav Oscar 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: anxiety syndromes are amidst the most frequent among adolescents appearing to be in the first forms of psychopathology. Drug Therapy and psychotherapy are strongly used in anxiety treatment, however, other therapeutic strategies are also been used, such as auriculotherapy, which consists of activating reflex points in the ear in order to improve mental and physical health. Objectiv: to map available evidences about the therapeutics effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety syndromes among adolescents. Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies that include adolescents (10 to 19 years old) diagnosed with anxiety of any nature defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V) and that have undergone auriculotherapy to treat these clinical conditions. Methods: A three-step search strategy will be used for this review. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, LILACS, Scielo/ BDENF, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Quantitative and qualitative studies will be considered. Only studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be included, with no date limit. The extracted data will be presented in a diagram or tabulated in a way that aligns with the objective of this scoping review. A narrative summary will also be presented.
Blood Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated With Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in Young and Healthy Adults (The Omega-Kid Study)
Authors: Filipovic Mark G. , Reiner Martin F. , Rittirsch Saskia , Irincheeva Irina , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Grossmann Kirsten , Risch Martin , Risch Lorenz , Limacher Andreas , Conen David , Beer Juerg H. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with beneficial effects on CV risk factors. The albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) is a risk factor for CVD, all-cause mortality and accelerated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in the general population. We aimed to investigate the association between n-3 PUFAS and ACR in heathy individuals with preserved GFR.Design and Methods: The present cross-sectional analysis is part of the GAPP study, a population-based cohort of healthy adults aged 25–41 years. Individuals with known CVD, diabetes, or a BMI &gt;35 kg/m2 were excluded. eGFR was calculated according to the combined Creatinine/Cystatin C CKD-EPI formula. ACR was obtained from a fasting morning urine sample. The Omega-3 Index (relative amount of EPA and DHA of total fatty acids in %) was obtained from whole blood aliquots.Results: Overall, 2001 participants (median age 37 years IQR 31; 40, 53% female) were included in this analysis. Median Omega-3 Index was 4.59 (IQR 4.06; 5.25) and median eGFR 111 ml/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 103; 118). Median ACR was 0.14 mg/mmol (IQR 0; 0.43). We found a significant inverse association of the Omega-3 Index with ACR (ratio 0.84, 95%CI 0.73–0.96; p = 0.011) which remained after comprehensive adjustment (ratio 0.86, 95%CI 0.74–1.00; p = 0.048). No association of the Omega-3 Index with eGFR was found. The adjusted difference in eGFR per 1-unit increase in Omega3-Index was −0.21 (95%CI −0.76; 0.35; p = 0.47).Conclusions: A higher Omega-3 Index was significantly associated with lower ACR in this young and healthy population with preserved eGFR. Omega-3 fatty acids may exhibit cardio- and nephroprotective effects in healthy individuals through modulation of ACR.
Long Term Outcome of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery—A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Hsu Jung-Chi , Huang Chen-Yu , Chuang Shu-Lin , Yu Hsu-Yu , Chen Yih-Sharng , Wang Chih-Hsien , Lin Lian-Yu 
Published: April 2021

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) results in a longer hospital stay and excess mortality. However, whether POAF would increase stroke rate has been debated for years. When and how long should anticoagulation be used to prevent stroke are unknown. In the study, we planned to investigate the clinical demographics and long-term outcomes of POAF after cardiac surgery in a single-center cohort.Methods: The cohort study used a database from National Taiwan University Hospital, a single tertiary medical center in Taiwan, between 2007 and 2017, to identify patients with prior normal sinus rhythm developing POAF after cardiac surgery. Patients without POAF after cardiac surgery were used as controls. Propensity score matching with 1:1 ratio and Cox regression models were employed to estimate the risk of transient ischemic accident (TIA) or ischemic stroke.Results: From 2007 to 2017, a total of 8,374 patients received open-heart surgery, in which 1,585 patients with a history of AF were excluded. The overall incidence of TIA/ischemic stroke was 3.9% in a median 9.2-years of follow-up. After propensity matching, 1,965 matched paired subjects were included for analysis. Postoperative atrial fibrillation was associated with an increased risk of future AF [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.09–1.79, p = 0.008] and heart failure (HF) hospitalization (HR 1.58, 95%CI 1.23–2.04, p &lt; 0.001); however, POAF did not significantly correlate with the risk of TIA/ischemic stroke (HR 1.17, 95%CI 0.85–1.60, p = 0.043). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that POAF was a significant predictor for future AF, HF hospitalization, and overall mortality, but not for TIA/ischemic stroke.Conclusion: In the Asian population, POAF after cardiac surgery increased the risk of future AF, HF, and overall mortality, but was not associated with future TIA/ischemic stroke.
Cognitive and Structural Correlates of Conversational Speech Timing in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: Relevance for Early Detection Approaches
Authors: De Looze Céline , Dehsarvi Amir , Crosby Lisa , Vourdanou Aisling , Coen Robert F. , Lawlor Brian A. , Reilly Richard B. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Increasing efforts have focused on the establishment of novel biomarkers for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)-to-AD conversion. Behavioral changes over the course of healthy ageing, at disease onset and during disease progression, have been recently put forward as promising markers for the detection of MCI and AD. The present study examines whether the temporal characteristics of speech in a collaborative referencing task are associated with cognitive function and the volumes of brain regions involved in speech production and known to be reduced in MCI and AD pathology. We then explore the discriminative ability of the temporal speech measures for the classification of MCI and AD.Method: Individuals with MCI, mild-to-moderate AD and healthy controls (HCs) underwent a structural MRI scan and a battery of neuropsychological tests. They also engaged in a collaborative referencing task with a caregiver. The associations between the conversational speech timing features, cognitive function (domain-specific) and regional brain volumes were examined by means of linear mixed-effect modeling. Genetic programming was used to explore the discriminative ability of the conversational speech features.Results: MCI and mild-to-moderate AD are characterized by a general slowness of speech, attributed to slower speech rate and slower turn-taking in conversational settings. The speech characteristics appear to be reflective of episodic, lexico-semantic, executive functioning and visuospatial deficits and underlying volume reductions in frontal, temporal and cerebellar areas.Conclusion: The implementation of conversational speech timing-based technologies in clinical and community settings may provide additional markers for the early detection of cognitive deficits and structural changes associated with MCI and AD.
Comparing the Clinical and Neuropsychological Characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease With and Without Freezing of Gait
Authors: Taximaimaiti Reyisha , Wang Xiao-Ping 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionFreezing of gait (FOG) is one of the most common walking problems in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Impaired cognitive function is believed to play an important role in developing and aggravating FOG in PD. But some evidence suggests that motor function discrepancy may affect testing results. Therefore, we think it is necessary for PD-FOG(+) and PD-FOG(−) patients to complete neuropsychological tests under similar motor conditions.MethodsThis study recruited 44 idiopathic PD patients [PD-FOG(+) n = 22, PD-FOG(−) n = 22] and 20 age-matched healthy controls (HC). PD-FOG(+) and PD-FOG(−) patients were matched for age, year of education, and Hoehn and Yahr score (H&amp;Y). All participants underwent a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological assessment, and demographical and clinical information was also collected.ResultsPD patients showed poorer cognitive function, higher risks of depression and anxiety, and more neuropsychiatric symptoms compared with HC. When controlling for age, years of education, and H&amp;Y, there were no statistical differences in cognitive function between PD-FOG(+) and PD-FOG(−) patients. But PD-FOG(+) patients had worse motor and non-motor symptoms than PD-FOG(−) patients. PD patients whose motor symptoms initiated with rigidity and initiated unilaterally were more likely to experience FOG.ConclusionTraditional neuropsychological testing may not be sensitive enough to detect cognitive impairment in PD. Motor symptoms initiated with rigidity and initiated unilaterally might be an important predictor of FOG.
TERT-Promoter Mutational Status in Glioblastoma – Is There an Association With Amino Acid Uptake on Dynamic 18F-FET PET?
Authors: Unterrainer Marcus , Ruf Viktoria , von Rohr Katharina , Suchorska Bogdana , Mittlmeier Lena Maria , Beyer Leonie , Brendel Matthias , Wenter Vera , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Bartenstein Peter , Herms Jochen , Niyazi Maximilian , Tonn Jörg C. , Albert Nathalie Lisa 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe mutation of the ‘telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter’ (TERTp) has been identified as an important factor for individual prognostication and tumorigenesis and will be implemented in upcoming glioma classifications. Uptake characteristics on dynamic 18F-FET PET have been shown to serve as additional imaging biomarker for prognosis. However, data on the correlation of TERTp-mutational status and amino acid uptake on dynamic 18F-FET PET are missing. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether static and dynamic 18F-FET PET parameters are associated with the TERTp-mutational status in de-novo IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and whether a TERTp-mutation can be predicted by dynamic 18F-FET PET.MethodsPatients with de-novo IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, WHO grade IV, available TERTp-mutational status and dynamic 18F-FET PET scan prior to any therapy were included. Here, established clinical parameters maximal and mean tumor-to-background-ratios (TBRmax/TBRmean), the biological-tumor-volume (BTV) and minimal-time-to-peak (TTPmin) on dynamic PET were analyzed and correlated with the TERTp-mutational status.ResultsOne hundred IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients were evaluated; 85/100 of the analyzed tumors showed a TERTp-mutation (C228T or C250T), 15/100 were classified as TERTp-wildtype. None of the static PET parameters was associated with the TERTp-mutational status (median TBRmax 3.41 vs. 3.32 (p=0.362), TBRmean 2.09 vs. 2.02 (p=0.349) and BTV 26.1 vs. 22.4 ml (p=0.377)). Also, the dynamic PET parameter TTPmin did not differ in both groups (12.5 vs. 12.5 min, p=0.411). Within the TERTp-mutant subgroups (i.e., C228T (n=23) &amp; C250T (n=62)), the median TBRmax (3.33 vs. 3.69, p=0.095), TBRmean (2.08 vs. 2.09, p=0.352), BTV (25.4 vs. 30.0 ml, p=0.130) and TTPmin (12.5 vs. 12.5 min, p=0.190) were comparable, too.ConclusionUptake characteristics on dynamic 18F-FET PET are not associated with the TERTp-mutational status in glioblastoma However, as both, dynamic 18F-FET PET parameters as well as the TERTp-mutation status are well-known prognostic biomarkers, future studies should investigate the complementary and independent prognostic value of both factors in order to further stratify patients into risk groups.
Characteristics of Ground-Glass Nodules Detected by Low-Dose Computed Tomography as a Regular Health Examination Among Chinese Hospital Employees and Their Parents
Authors: Ouyang Bihan , Li Maoyuan , Li Li , Liu Shaohui , Li Min 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionAnnual LDCT has been offered as a regular examination among many unit staff in China. Along with the wide application of LDCT, more and more ground-glass nodules were found. We focused on characteristics and relationship of ground-glass nodules detected by LDCT as a regular health examination among Chinese hospital employees and their parents.MethodsWe recorded LDCT-detected ground-glass nodules (GGNs) in the hospital employees and parents between 2019 and 2020. Clinical information, including age, gender, smoking status was collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 5,574 employees and 2,686 employs’ parents ≥60 years in Xiangya hospital performed annual physical examination. In total, LDCT incidentally detected ground-glass nodules 392 (24.78%, 392/1,582) in hospital employees and 254 in parents (10.80%, 254/2,352). The GGN-detection rate was significantly greater in employee group than parent group and more non-smokers in former (P &lt;0.001). The detection rate was significantly greater in female than male both in employees group and parents group, and the proportion of female was bigger in employees group (P &lt;0.001). There were more pure-GGNs both in employees group and parents group. There were less participants with solitary GGN in employee group than parent group (P = 0.033). Besides, there were more large GGNs (≥10 mm) (P &lt;0.001), LU-RADS 4 GGNs (P &lt;0.001) and LU-RADS 4B GGNs (P = 0.003), LU-RADS 4C-5 GGNs (P = 0.001) in parent group than employee group. There were 36 employee–parent pairs (27.07%) both had GGNs among 133 pairs who both performed LDCT. GGNs in employees were smaller and lower-grade than their parents (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.001).ConclusionsAmong the employees and parents who had ground glass nodules, 1/4 of them both detected GGNs. Although the detection rate of GGNs in the parent group was lower than that in the employee group, the grade of nodules was significantly higher. All these suggest that the occurrence and development of ground glass nodules may be related to genetic factors.