bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and their Antibiotic Susceptibility among Women Attending Different Private Clinics in Tripoli, Libya
Authors: Atia Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Bacterial vaginosis is a worldwide issue due to the raised risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and their antimicrobial pattern in women attending different private clinics in Tripoli, Libya.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 women between January and October 2020. Gram-stained vaginal swabs were examined microscopically, characterized by colony morphology, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined.

Results:
The overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 41%. Out of 48 bacterial isolates, 76.1% were gram-positive and 23.8% were Gram-negative bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of gram-positive bacteria was high against penicillin, co-amoxiclav, and amoxicillin. Vancomycin and imipenem were the most active drugs against Gram-positive bacteria. High level of drug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria against co-amoxiclav. Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and amikacin were the most active drugs against Gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high. Routine culture of vaginal samples should be performed on patients with vaginitis and the drug susceptibility pattern of each isolate should be determined.
Comparison of the efficiency of arm force versus arm force plus wrist movement in closed method extractions an observational study
Authors: Sundaram Prashanth , Kandasamy Saravanan , John Reena Rachel , Sri K. C. Keerthana 
Published: July 2021

Backgound:
Atraumatic dental extraction preserves not only the bone, but also maintains the gingival architecture, hence allows immediate or late dental implant placement. The incidence of fracture of roots and buccal cortical plates increases when wrong force is used. Currently, there is insufficient literature evidence with regard to the appropriate method for application of arm and wrist force at the time of dental extraction.

Aim:
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of arm force only versus arm force plus wrist movement during closed extractions.

Materials and Methods:
The patients who underwent extractions of right upper molars (n = 50) in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department were selected for the study after obtaining Informed Consent. The patients with grossly decayed broken teeth and mobile teeth were excluded. The procedure was carried out by interns and was observed by three maxillofacial surgeons of more than 5 years of experience independently.

Results:
It was observed that 30% of the trainees used arm only force during dental extraction and were unaware about it. The time taken for tooth removal in the group which used arm and wrist force was significantly lesser (P < 0.001). It was also observed that the breakage of tooth and alveolar bone fracture was more common with the group who used only arm force.

Conclusion:
From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that during exodontia procedures, the principle of using arm and wrist facilitates safe and easy removal of tooth with less time.
Impact of COVID-19 on oral and maxillofacial surgery practice in India
Authors: Vishwakarma Kuldeep , Khakhla Deepakkumar Hamirbhai , Ambereen Aafiya , Rawat Saurabh Kumar , Mishra Prabhaker , Shukla Bharat 
Published: July 2021

Study Design:
The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeons’ practice globally. We implemented a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey among the OMF surgeons of India.

Objective:
The objectives of the study were (1) gathering data among the maxillofacial surgeons in terms of their occupational exposure and access to adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and (2) to estimate how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the practice of OMF surgeons in India.

Materials and Methods:
Complete responses of 178 OMF surgeons were included in the study. Descriptive and analytic statistics were computed. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Binary logistic regression models were created to assess the predictors of the impact of the COVID-19.

Results:
Out of the 178 respondents of the study, most (37.1%) were following their hospital's guidelines. Most had access to adequate PPE (89.9%), whereas 93.8% had COVID-19 testing available. One hundred and thirty-three (74.7%) surgeons were involved in teleconsultation. Ninety-two (51.7%) and 166 (93.3%) were involved in elective surgery and emergency surgeries, respectively. Median outpatient department cases and number of surgeries done per week reduced by 73.9% and 66.7% (P < 0.001), respectively. Most surgeons (86%) experienced that cost of treatment had increased during the COVID. Over 75% were afraid to get infected with COVID, whereas 44.9% were anxious to lose the income. More than 56% of the OMF surgeons reported a fall in income and 94% reported decreased productivity in academic research. Most surgeons (93.8%) believed that COVID had a positive impact on human behavior in terms of hand hygiene.

Conclusion:
The impact of COVID-19 among OMF surgeons has adversely affected clinical practice, personal lives, and academic productivity and has catalyzed an exponential increase of telemedicine. Future surveys should capture the long-term impact of COVID-19.
Diagnostic significance of serum and salivary lipid levels in oral precancer and oral cancer
Authors: Singh Vandana , Patil Ranjitkumar , Singh Subash , Tripathi Anurag , Khanna Vikram , Ali Wahid 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Lipids are one of the major constituents of the cell. Variations in the serum lipids have been considered a cofactor of carcinogenesis, as lipids play a crucial role in cell integrity. Saliva is an ultrafiltrate of plasma and correlates with the serum, which may be used as an alternate method of serum lipid level estimation. The study was conducted to find any correlation between serum and salivary lipid levels and to evaluate the changes in serum and salivary lipid levels in oral precancer and cancer patients.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum and salivary lipid levels in oral precancer and cancer patients and to correlate salivary lipid levels with serum lipid levels.

Materials and Methods:
The study was an in vivo study conducted on randomly selected 129 patients with oral cancer and oral precancer. The selected subjects were divided into four groups as Group 1 – healthy control, Group 2 – oral submucous fibrosis, Group 3 – leukoplakia, and Group 4 – oral cancer. Serum and salivary lipid levels were estimated biochemically and statistically analyzed for any correlation with oral precancer and cancer.

Results:
Lipid level estimation showed no statistically significant difference on comparison of intergroup serum and saliva total cholesterol level and high-density lipoproteins among all four groups, whereas intergroup comparison of serum and saliva triglycerides (TG) levels among the four groups showed a statistically significant difference in saliva TG level. The correlation of serum and salivary lipid levels showed a significant positive correlation.

Conclusion:
In the present study association between serum/salivary lipid levels and oral precancer and oral cancer could not be established. A positive association was there in serum and salivary lipids hence salivary lipid levels may be used as a noninvasive technique for serum lipid level estimation.
Role of cartilage correcting sutures in single-stage secondary rhinoplasty for unilateral cleft lip nose deformity
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Dhull Kshiteej , Yadav Archana Jai Singh 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of cartilage correcting suture in single-stage surgical correction for secondary unilateral cleft lip nose deformity with three-dimensional observations of preoperative and postoperative nasal forms.

Material and Methods:
Between July 2017 and June 2019, 18 consecutive patients of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity aged between 16 and 28 years underwent surgical correction. The corrective procedure of nose involved columellar lengthening, medial and lateral nasal osteotomies along with augmentation of premaxilla by bone graft at premaxilla, and alar base wedge resections. Focus was laid to correct nasal cartilaginous framework using tip sutures along with repositioning of lower lateral cartilages, fixation of the alar cartilage complex to the septum, and the upper lateral cartilages. We investigated the following surgical interventions and nasal tip suture techniques, which were transdomal suture, interdomal suture, lateral crural mattress suture, columella septal suture, and intercrural suture.

Results:
We achieved adequate esthetic and functional results in all the patients without any morbidity.

Conclusion:
This concept of simultaneous approach toward complete single-stage correction of secondary cleft lip nasal deformity incorporating various cartilage suture using 5-0 nylon in developing nation like ours, where the patient presents late with complex conditions showed promising esthetic and functional outcome.
A clinical comparative study of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 2% plain lignocaine and 2% lignocaine with 1
Authors: Nalawade Shubhada Harishchandra , Nilesh Kumar , Kumar C. D. Mounesh , Punde Prashant A , Patil Pankaj B 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist. It is conventionally used as a sedative in the intensive care unit. However, recently, the application of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to a local anesthetic agent has been studied. The present study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 2% plain lignocaine for surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar and to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine with 2% plain lignocaine with 2% lignocaine and 1:200000 adrenaline.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 patients who required surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar extraction were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using a computer-generated table. Patients in the study group received 2% plain lignocaine with 1 mcg/ml dexmedetomidine. Patients in the control group received 2% lignocaine with 1:200000 adrenaline. The parameters evaluated were onset and duration of action, pulse rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and blood loss.

Results:
Onset of action was faster and the duration of action was longer when dexmedetomidine was used with lignocaine as a local anesthetic agent. The vital parameters in both the groups were stable. Bleeding at the surgical site was less in the dexmedetomidine group.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that the combination of dexmedetomidine with lignocaine enhances the local anesthetic potency of lignocaine when injected for nerve blocks.
Psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life in patients with epilepsy on anti-epileptic monotherapy and polytherapy
Authors: Yadav Jagriti , Singh Priti , Dabla Surekha , Gupta Rajiv 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
The bio-psycho-social factors affecting the quality of life in patients with epilepsy can be numerous but are often overlooked. The behavioral side effects of anti-seizure medications can be one such potential factor. The aim of the study is to address the effect of the number of anti-seizure medications on the development of psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life in patients with adequate seizure control.

Materials and Methods:
The study recruited 100 participants with generalized tonic-clonic seizures from a tertiary care center in North India, who were seizure-free from the last 1 month. The study participants were divided into two groups based on whether they were on monotherapy or polytherapy. The two groups were matched for their socio-demographic and clinical profile. We assessed for psychiatric comorbidity in each group using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. All the study participants were given Hindi translated version of quality of life in the epilepsy-31 questionnaire for objective assessment of the quality of life.

Results:
The patients receiving anti-epileptic polytherapy had significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity than patients on monotherapy. Furthermore, the patients on polytherapy scored significantly less on the cognitive domain of quality of life as well as the overall quality of life domain in the epilepsy-31 questionnaire.

Conclusion:
The patients with epilepsy must be evaluated for psychiatric comorbidity and side effect profile of anti-seizure medications to improve the quality of life. This is particularly more important for patients who are on anti-epileptic polytherapy even if the seizure control is adequate.
The Transcription of the Correspondence between Leoš Janáček (1854-1928) and Emerik Beran (1868-1940)
Authors: Weiss Jernej 
Published: July 2021

Among the twenty-one preserved letters from Janáček to Beran, written during 1890 and 1928 in Czech, eight of Janáček’s letters and eight of Janáček’s postcards have been preserved, in addition to five official letters written during Beran’s pedagogical work at the Organ School in Brno. Among twenty-one of Beran’s letters to Janáček, written during 1914 and 1928 also in Czech, we can find eight of Beran’s letters and thirteen of Beran’s postcards, where in three of them, the place or time are not exactly given.
KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MAHASISWA PADA PRODUK ONLINE SHOP SHOPEE DAN FAKTOR PENENTUNYA
Authors: Ependi Heru , Pahlevi Reza Widhar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out what factors determine online consumer purchasing decisions at Shopee and how the online consumer purchasing decisions process at Shopee. The research approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Research related to consumer online purchasing decision factors at Shopee, the object to be studied is consumers who use the Shopee application. In social situations or research objects, the object of this research is the students of the Faculty of Economics, Cokroaminoto University, Yogyakarta, who actively use the Shopee application as a place to shop online, and who are considered to meet or know the research criteria. Based on the results of the discussion that the promotions implemented in the Shopee e-commerce store, such as the application of discount promotions, free shipping promotions, prices, product quality and trust given by the Shopee company, affect consumers' online purchasing decisions at Shopee and then the online consumer decision process. preceded by, problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decisions, post-purchase behavior, influenced by many factors. These factors can be internal factors, namely consumer psychology, and external factors, which consist of the socio-cultural environment of the community, marketing stimuli, and vendor control systems which include time efficiency in seeking competitive prices and good quality.
Education in Radical Uncertainty
Authors: Carney Stephen , Ambrosius Madsen Ulla 
Published: July 2021

In Education in Radical Uncertainty, Stephen Carney and Ulla Ambrosius Madsen return to the philosophical and social critique of Jean Baudrillard and relate his work to the field of education, particularly to comparative studies of youth and schooling in different parts of the world. The book explores how the initial interest in Baudrillard’s work has been replaced by skepticism, and how the field of educational studies has been complicit in marginalizing his influence. The authors argue that labelling Baudrillard as the most extreme of the post-modernists is both misguided and unfortunate, denying a generation of education researchers an engagement with insights that are both profound and challenging. They do so by exploring three of his key ideas: simulation leading to spectacle and seduction; integral reality leading to disappearance; and evil, reversibility and return.
The authors situate Baudrillard's works in the broader context of works by other post-foundational theorists, such as Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, as well as exploring them in relation to empirical studies. Considering ethnographic work with youth in three quite different contexts - Denmark, South Korea and Zambia – the authors use a range of data to bring the different field studies alive and to contrast them with conventional portraits of the Global South. Encompassing both theoretical and methodological innovation, Education in Radical Uncertainty provides inspiration for scholars and students attempting to approach fields of comparative education and youth studies anew
Sam Cooke’s Live at the Harlem Square Club, 1963
Authors: Fleming Colin 
Published: July 2021

Shelved for over 20 years, Sam Cooke’s Live at the Harlem Square Club, 1963, stands alongside Otis Redding’s Live in Europe and James Brown’s Live at the Apollo as one of the finest live soul albums ever made. It also reveals a musical, spiritual, emotional, and social journey played out over one night on the stage of a sweaty Miami club, as Cooke made music that encapsulated everything he had ever cut, channeling forces that would soon birth “A Change is Gonna Come,” the most important soul song ever written.
This book covers Cooke’s days with the Soul Stirrers, the gospel unit that was inventing a strand of soul in the 1950s, and continues on to his string of hit singles as a solo artist that reveal far more about this complex man and the complex music he was always fashioning. A writer and an agent of social change, he absorbed the teachings of Billie Holiday and Bob Dylan while reconciling his own identity and what fans expected of him. Fleming explores how this towering soul artist came to reconcile so many disparate elements on a Florida stage on a winter night in 1963—a stage that extended well into the future, beyond Cooke’s own life, beyond the 1960s, and into a perpetual here-and-now. Live at the Harlem Square Club, 1963 will resonate so long as we all have need to look into ourselves and square our differences and become more human, and more connected with others in our humanity.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Schmahl Stefanie 
Published: July 2021

This commentary examines the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and its 3 additional protocols by providing a detailed commentary on each of its articles. It pays particular attention to the General Comments, the Concluding Observations and the views of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child.
The strengthening of children's rights through the UN Convention and its 3 protocols influences general human rights protection at a universal and regional level. The provisions of the UN Convention also impact the national legal system, making this book required reading for international human rights lawyers.
Trouble in Paradise
Authors: Weir David 
Published: July 2021

Ernst Lubitsch’s Trouble in Paradise (1932) was released at a critical moment in cinema history, just after the advent of synchronized sound technology and just before the full implementation of the production code. By the time of its release, Lubitsch had already directed more than 50 films, but it was unlike anything he had done before. Aside from being his first non-musical talking picture, the film introduced a level of sophistication and visual subtlety that established the benchmark for classic Hollywood cinema for years to come.
In his study of the film, David Weir explores its significance within Lubitsch’s career, but also its larger cultural significance within the history of cinema, and the social context of its release during the Great Depression. Paying careful attention to the film itself, Weir discusses its source material, its mise-en-scène and art deco production design, and its inventive use of post-synchronized sound. Drawing on original archival research, Weir traces Trouble in Paradise's reception history, including its critical reception, and the effect of the Motion Picture Production Code, which led to the film being denied approval for re-release in 1935.
Trainspotting
Authors: Smith Murray 
Published: July 2021

In 1996 Trainspotting was the biggest thing in British culture. Brilliantly and aggressively marketed, it crossed into the mainstream despite being a black comedy set against the backdrop of heroin addiction in Edinburgh. Produced by Andrew Macdonald, scripted by John Hodge and directed by Danny Boyle, the team behind Shallow Grave (1994), Trainspotting was an adaptation of Irvine Welsh's barbed novel of the same title. The film is crucial for understanding British culture in the context of devolution and the rise of ‘Cool Britannia’.
Murray Smith unpicks the processes that led to Trainspotting's enormous success. He isolates various factors – the film's eclectic soundtrack, its depiction of Scottish identity, its attitude to deprivation, drugs and violence, its traffic with American cultural forms, its synthesis of realist and fantastic elements, and its complicated relationship to ‘heritage’ – that make Trainspotting such a vivid document of its time. Although it heralded a false dawn for British film-making,Trainspotting is, Smith concludes, both authentically vernacular and yet transnational in its influences and ambitions.
In his afterword to this new edition, Murray Smith reflects on the original film 25 years after its release, and its 2017 sequel T2: Trainspotting also directed by Boyle. Smith also considers Danny Boyle's subsequent directorial career, with highlights including Slumdog Millionaire (2008) and the 2012 London Olympics opening ceremony.
The Thing
Authors: Billson Anne 
Published: July 2021

An extra-terrestrial alien, capable of replicating any living form it touches, infiltrates an isolated research base in the Antarctic, and sows suspicion and terror among the men trapped there. Which of them is still human, and which a perfect alien facsimile? John Carpenter’s The Thing, the second adaptation of John W. Campbell’s 1938 novella Who Goes There?, received overwhelmingly negative reviews on its release in 1982, but has since been acknowledged as a classic fusion of the science fiction and horror genres. Now a regular fixture in lists of the greatest movies of all time, it is acclaimed for its inspired and still shocking practical special effects, its deftly sketched characters brought to life by a superb cast, elegant widescreen cinematography, ominous score, and a uniquely tense narrative packed with appropriately ever-changing metaphors about the human condition.
Anne Billson’s elegant and trenchant study, first published in 1997, was one of the first publications to give the film its due as a modern classic, hailing it as a landmark movie that brilliantly redefined horror and science fiction conventions, and combined them with sly humour, Lewis Carroll logic and disturbingly prescient metaphors for many of the sociopolitical, scientific and medical upheavals of the past three decades.
In her foreword to this new edition, Anne Billson reflects upon The Thing's changing fortunes in the years since its release, its influence on film-makers including Tarantino and del Toro, and its topicality in an era of melting ice caps and with humanity besieged by a deadly organism.