bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using crime script analysis to understand wildlife poaching in Vietnam
Authors: Viollaz Julie , Long Barney , Trung Cao Tiến , Kempinski Josh , Rawson Benjamin M. , Quang Hoàng Xuân , Hiền Nguyễn Ngọc , Liên Nguyễn Thị Bích , Dũng Cao Tiến , Huyền Hoàng Thương , McWhirter Renée , Dung Nguyễn Thị Thùy , Gore Meredith L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPoaching can contribute to the failure of biodiversity conservation efforts and inflict diverse harms on human livelihoods. We applied crime script analysis to the case of snare poaching—an illegal hunting activity—in three Vietnamese protected areas. Our goal was to enhance the understanding about the opportunity structure underlying snare poaching to advance the suite of community-based crime prevention activities. We analyzed crime scripts for three types of poachers across nine stages of the poaching process using expert-based elicitation with 13 workshop participants in Vinh, Vietnam, 2018. Five stages were similar, clustered toward the early stages, and two were different, clustered around middle crime stages. Analysis produced systematic crime-specific insight about the procedural aspects and requirements for poaching from preparation to hunt to selling one’s catch. Stages identify multiple entry points to apply prevention techniques and match techniques with different types of snare poaching or poachers. Although this research focused on protected areas, the interdisciplinary approach applied herein may be adapted to other conservation contexts.
Using a novel genetic algorithm to assess peer influence on willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis in networks of Black men who have sex with men
Authors: Johnson Kara Layne , Walsh Jennifer L. , Amirkhanian Yuri A. , Borkowski John J. , Carnegie Nicole Bohme 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe DeGroot model for opinion diffusion over social networks dates back to the 1970s and models the mechanism by which information or disinformation spreads through a network, changing the opinions of the agents. Extensive research exists about the behavior of the DeGroot model and its variations over theoretical social networks; however, research on how to estimate parameters of this model using data collected from an observed network diffusion process is much more limited. Existing algorithms require large data sets that are often infeasible to obtain in public health or social science applications. In order to expand the use of opinion diffusion models to these and other applications, we developed a novel genetic algorithm capable of recovering the parameters of a DeGroot opinion diffusion process using small data sets, including those with missing data and more model parameters than observed time steps. We demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm on simulated data and data from a social network intervention leveraging peer influence to increase willingness to take pre-exposure prophylaxis in an effort to decrease transmission of human immunodeficiency virus among Black men who have sex with men.
Characteristical analysis of MHD heat and mass transfer dissipative and radiating fluid flow with magnetic field induction and suction
Authors: Poddar Saykat , Islam Muhammad Minarul , Ferdouse Jannatul , Alam Md. Mahmud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study is conducted on the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer (BL) heat and mass transfer flow of thermally radiating and dissipative fluid over an infinite plate of vertical orientation with the involvement of induced magnetic field and thermal diffusion. The fluid motion is controlled by uniform suction. The constant heat and mass fluxes at the boundary (plate) have been considered to establish the boundary conditions. The foremost prevailing equations are converted into non-linear dimensionless partial differential equations (PDEs) by applying usual transformations. An efficient explicit finite difference method (FDM) has been performed to reckon the solution of the system of non-linear coupled PDEs in a numerical manner. To ensure the converging nature of the solutions, close observation and heed have been given to stability and convergence schemes. The MATLAB R2015a and Studio Developer FORTRAN 6.6a have been employed for numerical simulation of the schematic model equations. To quest steady-state, an experiment is performed on time simultaneously an experiment on mesh size is ascertained to assure a suitable mesh space. Also, a code verification test has been performed. In addition to that, the computational depictions and discussions have been undertaken on the impacts of significant parametric values for the velocity field, induced magnetic field, temperature, and concentration along with current density and shear stress. The reported results for the present numerical schemes have been compared with published papers in tables and plots. The suction parameter tends to pull down the quantitative measurement of velocity, temperature, and concentration. The induced magnetic field is affected decreasingly by the rising estimation of the magnetic parameter.
Does the chemistry of fungal pigments demand the existence of photoactivated defense strategies in basidiomycetes?
Authors: Siewert Bianka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe well-known photosensitizers hypericin, harmane, and emodin are typical pigments of certain mushroom species—is this a coincidence or an indication towards a photoactivated defense mechanism in the phylum Basidiomycota? This perspective article explores this hypothesis by cross-linking the chemistry of fungal pigments with structural requirements from known photosensitizers and insights from photoactivated strategies in the kingdom Plantae. Thereby, light is shed on a yet unexplored playground dealing with ecological questions, photopharmaceutical opportunities, and biotechnological potentials.
Heavy Metals in Archaeological Soils
Authors: Kennedy Sarah A. , Kelloway Sarah J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPortable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectroscopy is commonly used for testing toxic levels of heavy metals in modern industrial waste sites, and it has seen growing applicability in the context of archaeological survey and soils. In this study, we present the results of our pXRF analysis of surface soils at a historic silver refinery located near Puno, Peru, in the western Lake Titicaca Basin. The results of our analysis identified hazardous levels of antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in excavation soils, necessitating the relocation of planned excavation units and the use of personal protective equipment. This study highlights the advantages of rapid, in situ pXRF analysis of surface soils in contaminated industrial archaeology sites to assess potential harm to human health.
On the bead design in LFT structures: the influence of manufacturing-induced residual stresses
Authors: Revfi Sven , Mikus Marvin , Behdinan Kamran , Albers Albert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the design of long fibre reinforced thermoplastic (LFT) structures, there is a direct dependency on the manufacturing. Therefore, it is indispensable to integrate the manufacturing influences into the design process. This not only offers new opportunities for material- and load-adapted designs, but also reduces cost-intensive modifications in later stages. The goal of this contribution is to make the complexity manageable by presenting a method which couples LFT manufacturing and structural simulations in an automated optimization loop. Herein, the influence of linear-elastic, local anisotropic material properties as well as residual stresses resulting from the compression molding of LFT on the stiffness-optimized design of beaded plates is investigated. Based on the simulation studies in this contribution, it can be summarized that the resulting bead height and flank angle, considering anisotropies and residual stresses, are smaller compared to isotropic modelling. As a conclusion, the strength constraint limits the maximum bead height and the flank angle needs to be additionally chosen as a consequence of the local fibre orientations and residual stresses resulting from manufacturing. Optimized bead cross sections are only valid for a specific system under investigation, as they depend on the defined boundary conditions (load case, initial charge geometry and position, fibre orientations, etc.).
Pseudorotations of the -disc and Reeb flows on the -sphere
Authors: ALBERS PETER , GEIGES HANSJÖRG , ZEHMISCH KAI 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe use Lerman’s contact cut construction to find a sufficient condition for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces to embed into a closed
$3$
-manifold as Poincaré return maps on a global surface of section for a Reeb flow. In particular, we show that the irrational pseudorotations of the

$2$
-disc constructed by Fayad and Katok embed into the Reeb flow of a dynamically convex contact form on the

$3$
-sphere.
Rethinking Qing Manchuria's Prohibition Policies
Authors: Schlesinger Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHistorians hold that to preserve the Manchu homeland the Qing court instituted a “policy of prohibition” (Ch: fengjin zhengce), forbidding Han immigrants from settling in the region until the final decades of its rule. Using Manchu-language archives from the garrison of Hunčun (Ch: Hunchun), this article questions whether such a prohibition guided local governance. In some jurisdictions in Manchuria, including in Hunčun, the Qing state did not always have an overarching policy towards Han migrants. Migration, in fact, was often less of a concern to the state than poaching. We can reassess the history of Manchuria accordingly. Modern historians have been preoccupied with the coming of Han migrants to Qing Manchuria; the Qing government in Hunčun was not.
Mafic rocks with back-arc E-MORB affinity from the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex of India: relicts of a Proterozoic Ophiolite suite
Authors: Ahmad Mansoor , Paul Abdul Qayoom , Negi Priyanka , Akhtar Salim , Gogoi Bibhuti , Saikia Ashima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Proterozoic Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC) at the northern boundary of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) of the eastern Indian shield preserves relics of fossilized oceanic back-arc crust. We describe the field, petrographical and geochemical characteristics of the mafic rocks comprising pillow basalts and dolerites from the Bathani area of the northern fringe of the CGGC, eastern India. The basalts consist of plagioclase feldspar, hornblende, opaque minerals (Fe–Ti oxide) and chlorite, and the dolerite consists of plagioclase, hornblende and opaque minerals. Our data indicate that the Bathani mafic rocks have tholeiitic to transitional composition and are overprinted by greenschist facies metamorphic conditions; however, REE and fluid immobile elements preserve their primary geochemical signatures. The (La/Sm)N ratios (1.38–2.15) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns point to an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) mantle source. Geochemical characteristics indicate a mixed signature of MORB and arc tholeiite with enrichment of Ba, Th, Eu and Sr, similar to that of back-arc supra-subduction zone ophiolites. These mafic rocks are the product of MORB-like magma derived from a depleted mantle corresponding to < 2% partial melting of spinel lherzolite, enriched by subduction-induced slab metasomatism and melting. The Bathani mafic rocks are representative of the upper part of a supra-subduction zone columnar ophiolite section, which was emplaced onto the present-day northern margin of the CGGC during suturing of the northern and southern Indian block at c. 1.9 Ga during the Nuna amalgamation.
Natural fractures in tight gas sandstones: a case study of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang gas field, Western Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Yunzhao , Zeng Lianbo , Lyu Wenya , Sun Dongsheng , Chen Shuangquan , Guan Cong , Tang Lei , Shi Jinxiong , Zhang Junhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation is a typical tight gas reservoir in which natural fractures determine the migration, accumulation and production capacity of tight gas. In this study, we focused on the influences of natural fractures on the tight gas migration and production. We clarified characteristics and attributes (i.e. dips, apertures, filling degree and cross-cutting relationships) of the fractures based on image logging interpretations and core descriptions. Previous studies of electron spin resonance, carbon and oxygen isotopes, homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions analysis and basin simulation were considered. This study also analysed the fracture sequences, source of fracture fillings, diagenetic sequences and tight gas enrichment stages. We obtained insight into the relationship between fracture evolution and hydrocarbon charging, particularly the effect of the apertures and intensity of natural fractures on tight gas production. We reveal that the bedding fractures are short horizontal migration channels of tight gas. The tectonic fractures with middle, high and nearly vertical angles are beneficial to tight gas vertical migration. The apertures of fractures are controlled by the direction of maximum principal stress and fracture angle. The initial gas production of the vertical wells presents a positive correlation with the fracture abundance, and the intensity and aperture of fractures are the fundamental factors that determine the tight gas production. With these findings, this study is expected to guide the future exploration and development of tight gas with similar geological backgrounds.
ENT trainees’ experience of redeployment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Lion P , McClenaghan F , Hall A , Mackinnon S , Navaratnam AV 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs a response to the acute strain placed on the National Health Service during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 in the UK, a number of junior doctors including ENT trainees were redeployed to other clinical specialties. This presented these trainees with novel challenges and opportunities.MethodsA qualitative study was performed to explore these experiences, undertaking semi-structured interviews with ENT trainees between 17th and 30th July. Participants were recruited through purposeful sampling. Interview transcripts underwent thematic analysis using Dedoose software.ResultsSeven ENT trainees were interviewed, ranging from specialty trainee years four to eight (‘ST4’ to ‘ST8’) in grade. Six core themes were identified: organisation of redeployment, utilisation of skill set, emotional impact of redeployment, redeployed team dynamics, concerns about safety and impact on training.ConclusionThe ENT trainees’ experiences of redeployment described highlight some important lessons and considerations for future redeployments.
Successful metabolic control in diabetes type 1 depends on individual neuroeconomic and health risk-taking decision endophenotypes: a new target in personalized care
Authors: Jorge Helena , Duarte Isabel C. , Correia Bárbara R. , Barros Luísa , Relvas Ana Paula , Castelo-Branco Miguel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeurobehavioral decision profiles have often been neglected in chronic diseases despite their direct impact on major public health issues such as treatment adherence. This remains a major concern in diabetes, despite intensive efforts and public awareness initiatives regarding its complications. We hypothesized that high rates of low adherence are related to risk-taking profiles associated with decision-making phenotypes. If this hypothesis is correct, it should be possible to define these endophenotypes independently based both on dynamic measures of metabolic control (HbA1C) and multidimensional behavioral profiles.MethodsIn this study, 91 participants with early-stage type 1 diabetes fulfilled a battery of self-reported real-world risk behaviors and they performed an experimental task, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).ResultsK-means and two-step cluster analysis suggest a two-cluster solution providing information of distinct decision profiles (concerning multiple domains of risk-taking behavior) which almost perfectly match the biological partition, based on the division between stable or improving metabolic control (MC,N= 49)v.unstably high or deteriorating states (NoMC,N= 42). This surprising dichotomy of behavioral phenotypes predicted by the dynamics of HbA1C was further corroborated by standard statistical testing. Finally, the BART game enabled to identify groups differences in feedback learning and consequent behavioral choices under ambiguity, showing distinct group choice behavioral patterns.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that distinct biobehavioral endophenotypes can be related to the success of metabolic control. These findings also have strong implications for programs to improve patient adherence, directly addressing risk-taking profiles.
Oocyte vitrification induces loss of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the resulting embryos derived using ICSI in dromedary camel
Authors: Moulavi F. , Saadeldin I.M. , Swelum A.A. , Tasdighi F. , Hosseini-Fahraji H. , Hosseini S.M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryOocyte cryopreservation has become an important component of assisted reproductive technology with increasing implication in female fertility preservation and animal reproduction. However, the possible adverse effects of oocyte cryopreservation on epigenetic status of the resulting embryos is still an open question. This study evaluated the effects of MII-oocyte vitrification on gene transcripts linked to epigenetic reprogramming in association with the developmental competence and epigenetic status of the resulting embryos at 2-cell and blastocyst stages in dromedary camel. The cleavage rate of vitrified oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection was significantly increased compared with the control (98.2 ± 2 vs. 72.7 ± 4.1%, respectively), possibly due to the higher susceptibility of vitrified oocytes to spontaneous activation. Nonetheless, the competence of cleaved embryos derived from vitrified oocytes for development to the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst was significantly reduced compared with the control (7.7 ± 1.2 and 11.1 ± 11.1 compared with 28.1 ± 2.6 and 52.4 ± 9.9%, respectively). The relative transcript abundances of epigenetic reprogramming genes DNMT1, DNMT3B, HDAC1, and SUV39H1 were all significantly reduced in vitrified oocytes relative to the control. Evaluation of the epigenetic marks showed significant reductions in the levels of DNA methylation (6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 9.9 ± 0.5, respectively) and H3K9 acetylation (7.8 ± 0.2 vs. 10.7 ± 0.3, respectively) in 2-cell embryos in the vitrification group relative to the control. Development to the blastocyst stage partially adjusted the effects that oocyte vitrification had on the epigenetic status of embryos (DNA methylation: 4.9 ± 0.4 vs. 6.2 ± 0.6; H3K9 acetylation: 5.8 ± 0.3 vs. 8 ± 0.9, respectively). To conclude, oocyte vitrification may interfere with the critical stages of epigenetic reprogramming during preimplantation embryo development.
Deservingness in Judicial Discourse. An Analysis of the Legal Reasoning Adopted in Dutch Case Law on Irregular Migrant Families’ Access to Shelter
Authors: Slingenberg Lieneke 
Published: March 2021

In September 2012, the Dutch Supreme Court upheld a judgment of the Hague Court of Appeal that the eviction from basic shelter of a mother and her minor children, who did not have legal residence in the Netherlands, was unlawful. This ruling was instigated by a radically new interpretation of the European Social Charter’s personal scope and caused a major shift in Dutch policy.This article provides a case study into the legal reasoning adopted by the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. It argues that, instead of relying on legal doctrinal reasoning for justifying the outcome, both courts referred to factors that the general public relies on to assess people’s deservingness of welfare. This finding raises fundamental questions about the relationship between human rights law and deservingness; and calls, therefore, for further research into the relevance of deservingness criteria in judicial discourse.
Perceptions of Local versus National Factors in Religious and Tribal Conflict: Evidence from a Survey in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Vinson Laura Thaut , Rudloff Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDoes the ethnic dimension of violence—religious versus tribal—shape whether individuals perceive national versus local issues as central? Based on survey data collected in Jos, Nigeria—a site of recurring ethnic violence since 2001—this paper argues that attribution to local versus national causes varies depending on whether individuals perceive the violence as religious or tribal. We also show that this has implications for peacebuilding, as views of the ethnic dimensions of violence also distinctly shape attitudes regarding national- versus local-level solutions. Broadly, this paper demonstrates the importance of a more nuanced approach to the study of ethnic conflict—specifically, the need to interrogate how perceptions of identity, conflict, and the locus of conflict interrelate.
Freedom of assembly under attack: General and indiscriminate surveillance and interference with internet communications
Authors: Siatitsa Ilia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvery day across the world, as people assemble, demonstrate and protest, their pictures, their messages, tweets and other personal information are amassed without adequate justification. Arguing that they do so in order to protect assemblies, governments deploy a wide array of measures, including facial recognition, fake mobile towers and internet shutdowns. These measures are primarily analyzed as interferences with the right to privacy and freedom of expression, but it is argued here that protest and other assembly surveillance should also be understood as an infringement of freedom of assembly. This is necessary not only to preserve the distinct nature of freedom of assembly that protects collective action, but also to allow for better regulation of surveillance and interference with internet communications during assemblies.
The camera and the Red Cross: “Lamentable pictures” and conflict photography bring into focus an international movement, 1855–1865
Authors: de Laat Sonya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHenry Dunant's appeal for a neutral and impartial organization to provide care to wounded combatants aligned with growing criticism of mid-nineteenth-century European and North American conflicts. This article discusses the important convergence of Dunant's “lamentable pictures”, laid out in his Memory of Solferino, with spectators’ passionate responses to them and to battlefield photographs that circulated between 1855 and 1865. Through these images and reactions, there emerged a shared, expanded vision of humanity worth caring for, which brought into focus an international humanitarian movement.