bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of plant based natural fibers – A mini review
Authors: Mohankumar D , Amarnath V , Bhuvaneswari V , Saran S P , Saravanaraj K , Srinivasa Gogul M , Sridhar S , Kathiresan G , Rajeshkumar L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Natural fibers were given a lot of respect over synthetic ones in terms of sustainability. Application of natural fibers is superior to synthetics because they can be achieved cheaply and they have an environmental advantage. The usage time is usually shorter, often being fully or partially recyclable or biodegradable. There are wide varieties of natural fibers which can be reinforced to form composites and used for various applications. Combinatorial, or silicate, substances that can be made of a broad range of properties which is not derived a single resource. The reinforcement of fibers within the matrix becomes easy, only when the fibers are extracted from the plants, hence the extraction process is necessary in fiber reinforcement. There are various methods of fiber extraction, which include mechanical decortications, water retting process and manual extraction method. The extraction of fibers involves the retting process which is followed by the decortication process. From the above various methods, a suitable extraction method is selected based on the parts of the plant from which the fiber is to be extracted. Choice of extraction method governs the characteristics and properties of composites fabricated out of it. This review paper discusses the various methods of extraction and the feasibility of its application for various plants and fibers.
Experimental Investigation on Construction of Masonry wall with Crumb Rubber Concrete Blocks
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Preethi , Joshi Nikhil N , Gokulraj R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Waste Management is a challenging task in most developing countries. In India, researches are made to minimize waste generation and also also to reuse or recycle waste in all possible ways. (1) Rubber waste is produced equal to plastic waste in India and contributes 10-12% in total waste generation. Industries manufacturing tyres generate more rubber waste followed by the disposal yards dealing with rubber scarp. (2) Among the building materials concrete has a long life span and therefore Crumb Rubber Concrete(CRC) is proven research for rubber waste management for its flexural property. This paper explains the experimental study made for the construction of a masonry wall using crumb rubber concrete with the replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber.(3) The results show that Crumb Rubber Concrete would be the best choice for the construction of non-load bearing structures with 20% replacement of Fine aggregate with crumb rubber.
A Comprehensive Study on Utilization of Waste Materials in Concrete
Authors: Jeevabharathi R , Hari Babu J , Boobalan S C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, waste materials are becoming issue to the environmental pollution, which is a danger to the climate and the general public. It is imperative to reuse these materials and clear them in an appropriate manner. Waste can be utilized in the infrastructure development by two different ways: reusing and by recycling. The old-style methods for creating materials for construction are from available natural resources. If we continue the same there will be no more resources left, to avoid such cases we are practicing to recycle and reuse the solid waste in an effective manner. Owing to the development of industrial and urban management systems, a greater number of solid wastes are generated which is currently disposing them into the land and this causes various problems to the society and environment. To protect the environment from the threats, lot of efforts are being developed for recycling of variety of solid wastes in order to employ them in the creation of various building materials. In this paper, we have discussed about the recycling potentials of solid waste and possible utilization of waste materials in the construction industry.
Face Mask detection with fine rate
Authors: Suganya R , Arthi S , Kowshika S , Dhivya Lakshmi V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a worldwide wellbeing emergency so the powerful assurance strategies are wearing a face cover in open territories as per the World Health Organization (WHO). The COVID-19 pandemic constrained governments across the world to force lockdowns to forestall infection transmissions. Reports show that wearing face covers while at work unmistakably decreases the danger of transmission. An effective and financial methodology of utilizing AI to establish a protected climate in an assembling arrangement. A half and half model utilizing profound and old style AI for face cover location will be introduced. A face veil location dataset comprises of with cover and without cover pictures. We will construct a continuous framework to recognize whether the individual on the webcam is wearing a veil or not. After the breakout of the overall pandemic COVID-19, there emerges an extreme need of assurance components, face veil being the essential one. The essential point of the venture is to distinguish the presence of a face veil on human appearances on live web based video just as on pictures. We have utilized profound figuring out how to build up our face identifier model.
Evaluating the Efficiency of some Wastewater Treatment Plants in Najaf Governorate
Authors: Naji Rana Hassan , Khudair Al-Obaidi Basim H. , Salman Mohammed Sadeq 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although there are many wastewater treatment plants, we still suffer from many problems resulting from a lack of experience or technical operating problems. In this research, the service’s efficiency is evaluated according to the design laws required for small factories in the province of Najaf, which works with filtering technology through point filtration, the old project in the Al-Baraka plant, and the second works. Within the biological treatment mbbr + activated sludge, which is a biomass technology where samples were taken from both plants and annual values of the pollutant rate after treatment in the old Al-Baraka plant project COD 64 mg/L and the demand for biochemical oxygen (79) mg/L, the total suspended matter TSS 60 mg / L, PO4 phosphate 2.67 mg / L, NH3 11.46 mg / L, while Turbo 4 BIO results were as follows: 15 mg / L and 28, 83 mg / L, 2.6 mg / L and 6.173 mg / L each who are they. BOD, COD, TSS, PO4, and NH3 respectively, the results were the removal efficiency of the old brake project as follows: BOD 78%, COD 60%, TSS 60, PO4 63% compared to the Bio-Shaft project, the removal is done as follows: BOD8 9%, TSS, COD 60% PO4 60%, NH3 53%. Through the previous results, we conclude that the outputs of both stations are within the standards and permissible limits of the Iraqi specifications, but the Turbo 4Bio plant showed higher efficiency in terms of removal, and the reason may be that the old project needs periodic maintenance.
Aerial Surveillance using Remotely Operated Drone with 3D Printed Frame
Authors: Leninpugalhanthi P , Vasanth K , Richins Larvin R C , Surendhar C , Ramanathan S , Senthilkumar R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To ensure security among the people, a remotely operated vehicle is employed which provides a live image feed to the operator. The drone’s frame is developed using 3D printing technology. Thus reduces the cost of the drone. Radio control transmitter and receiver play a major role in controlling the drone. The Camera and video transmitter is employed to provide a live image feed to the user for monitoring and other applications.
PLA based Bio Composite reinforced with natural fibers – Review
Authors: Felix Sahayaraj A , Muthukrishnan M , Prem Kumar R , Ramesh M , Kannan M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Now-a-days the production of polymers reinforced with natural fiber has rapid growth, the reason behind this growth is the properties and performance of the natural plant fiber reinforced composites are superior to conventional polymers derived from petroleum. Due to its biodegradability nature researchers and industries shows tremendous interest in the field of poly lactic acid (PLA) based biopolymers. Even though due to its Brittle nature and high production cost, restrict their use in a broad various application. For those reasons material scientists carried out various researches to enhance the properties of PLA by reinforcing with different materials. Various researches show that reinforcing with biodegradable products to make cost effective product and reducing the brittle nature of PLA by making bio composite. When compare to synthetic fibers have less expensive, high strength to weight ratio, ease to handle. Even though it has some disadvantages such as water absorbance and hydrophobicity problem. It is also mandatory that changing the surface behavior for even stress distribution between fiber and matrix.
Design of Bus Depot Terminal Element Consideration for Safe and Effective Infrastructure
Authors: Rajeshkumar V. , Logeswaran S. , Selvaraj R. , Abishek  , Dharshini Devi , Aravind  , Dhivakar  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bus transport in India is the main mode of transport in the 21st century for both intercity and interstate services. NUTP (National Urban Transport Policy) 2006 focussed the development of bus transport in Indian cities. They developed JNNURM policy for improving intercity bus services. Large part of bus transport is catered by private sector in 2020 than government sector in India. Without improving the level of service in depot areas, the bus accessibility and operational efficiency cannot be achieved. In order to improve the LOS certain strategy has to be followed in depot elements such as depot infrastructure improvement, planning guidelines for platform infrastructure, and design elements for achieving the increased LOS. This paper explains the standards for individual element in Bus depot to be followed for effective utilisation and functioning of facilities provided. The specific guidelines, standards and toolkits are the most effective format for capacity building in an organisation. It also facilitates low cost with rapid sharing of knowledge and experience. Additionally, no stake holder requirement is overlooked and ensures the minimum standards of development.
Experimental Study on PCC Beams Strengthened With External Wrapping of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)
Authors: Venkat Raman S , Bala Murugan S , Javith Abdul Rahim S , Jaya Prakash S , Dinesh Kumar S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Infrastructure plays a vital role in development for recent times and humiliation of structural materials that is caused by some environmental effects has to be protected by strengthening of structures. One of the finest challenges in Civil Engineering is strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures. There are various rehabilitation technique such as external wrapping of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have been developed. At initial period, strengthening has been done externally using steel plates bonded to the tension side and it has numerous difficulties including durability, manipulation, and heavy weight. The main aim of the study is to investigate the flexural behavior of the PCC beam with respect to orientation of the wrapped basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP). A sequence of 12 PCC beams with 500mm as its length, 100mm as its width and 100mm as its depth are cast with M25 grade concrete. All the 12 specimens are cured for a period of 28 days. Of the 12 PCC beams two beams are control specimens and a comparative study on the orientation of the fiber such as wrapped tension zone, shear zone, U shaped-1, U shaped-2, and fully wrapped are used on the specimen. The fiber is to be wrapped according to the orientation of the beam with epoxy resin. The experimental results shows that PCC beam that is wrapped as U shaped – 2 Shows higher Flexural strength compared to all other fabric orientations. BFRP Fully wrapped beam gives minimum Load carrying capacity when compare with other fabrics. U shaped – 2 orientation has higher load carrying capacity and economical as compared to fully wrapped and all other modes of orientations.
Rectangular and Square Cross-Sections Microchannel Heat Sink CFD Simulation and Analytical Validation Using Liquid Water & Water-Aluminium Oxide Nanofluid as a Cooling Medium
Authors: Pawar Saurabh Narayan , Makam Jugal Shrinivas , Totla Nilesh Balkishanji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, cooling performance of copper material based microchannel heat sink was investigated using two different approaches which are CFD and Analytical. Microchannel heat sink with two different cross-sectional geometries of rectangular and square was considered for the present study. In the present work CFD simulation is carried out using two different cooling fluids which are liquid water and water-Al2O3 nanofluid. Nanofluid volume fraction of 0.3% was used for present study. Re number in between 200-1000 was used for the present study. For CFD simulation purpose heat sink of dimension of 25.4mm × 25.4mm × 2.384mm is considered in the study. Boundary condition of constant heat flux is assumed by providing heat flux at constant rate at bottom of the assembly. To compare between square and rectangular cross section microchannel heat sink, the hydraulic diameter is kept same in both the cases and CFD simulation was conducted. With using water-Al2O3 nanofluid as the working fluid the rectangular cross section is showing better performance in terms of cooling as compare to the square cross section. Drop in pressure results in rectangular section calculated using water Al2O3 nanofluid using both CFD and Analytical approach are in good agreement with difference of 13.4%
Review on potential antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of Piper Longum
Authors: Subramaniam Kanmani , Subramanian Selva Kumar , Bhargav Sushma , Parameswari R , Praveena R , Ravikumar R , Yuvaraj Elangovan , Manoj Kumar V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Piper longum traditionally known as Pippali is a climbing vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which originated in northeastern India and the Western Ghats. It is majorly used in traditional and Ayurvedic system of medicines to treat bronchitis, diarrhea, viral hepatitis, respiratory infections, stomach pain, bronchitis, spleen diseases, coughs, colds and tumors. Articles indexed by Scopus, electronic search as Science Direct, PubMed, are used to collect information about Piper longum. There are many phytochemicals in Pippali, including alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids and steroids. The pharmacological properties reveal the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, adulticidal, anti-obesity, anti-fungal, antipyretic and cardio protective effects of the plant. Pipili also has many antiviral activities, and helps to improve the immune system and effectively resist hepatitis B virus. This plant seems to be non-toxic, easy to obtain, inexpensive, and has no side effects. Although there are infinite traces for its medicinal use, however its use in treating viral influenza like diseases is not yet much explored. However, it has strong potential to treat symptoms such as cough, cold and fever. In the wake of the current situation of the global corona virus, it has become essential to look for alternatives that would be effective against the virus as well as provide the additional immunity boosting ability. Therefore, effective experimentation and investigations are essential to consider its competence. Researchers must study the plant in details for its huge potentialities.
Irrigation of Water by Automatic Sprinkler System
Authors: Nelson R , Sankar U , Ramanathan E G , Sankar Prasanth V , Sherwin Daniel A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In all agricultural seasons, an automatic irrigation system has been designed to facilitate the automated provide of adequate water from a reservoir to field or domestic crops. One of the goals of this research is to determine how human control can be removed from irrigation while also optimising water use in the process. The method used is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level in order to determine whether irrigation is required and how much water is required in the soil. Various types of sprinkler irrigation systems were studied in this study, along with their design, construction, and installation. The planning was aided by the use of a rotating system to irrigate a small plot, which provides a suitable scientific basis for correct water scheduling, system evaluation, and minimising water waste and runoff. It was intended for a variety of crops. The significance of the design and installation is to provide the University’s irrigation research Field with irrigation field demonstration practise facilities that can be used.
Study on Uncontrolled Intersection Under Mixed Traffic Condition-A Review
Authors: Naveenraj V , Kulanthaivel P , Dhanasekar K , Aravindh Ram V , Anand G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Every people in the world can access the road for the transportation purpose. Several traffic signs and signals are placed in order, to maintain safety for the people. Some places which don’t have the proper signals at the intersection might lead to cause more accidents and that kind of intersection are called as uncontrolled intersection. When several type of vehicles sharing and moves in a same carriage width without any gap between vehicles without any proper lane discipline is known as mixed traffic condition. Due to these accidents many people lose their life and many properties are also damaged. Several studies are being done by many literates about the uncontrolled intersection and it is available in the literature under mixed traffic condition for finding out the causes and some remedial measure were provided in those studies. Some of the study indicates about the Gap acceptance, Conflicts, pedestrian crossing behaviour, occupation time of the vehicle and so on. In this study we are going to discuss about those literatures and to give some remedial measures for the conflicts that occur in the uncontrolled intersection under mixed traffic condition.
Safety of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in a nonagenarian population
Authors: Ellis Raphael , Livovsky Dan Meir , Shapiro Dvorah Sara , Friedmann Reuven , Shafrir Asher , Goldin Eran , Koslowsky Benjamin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
invasive gastrointestinal (GI) procedures are increasingly performed on much older patients but data regarding oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) in this population are limited. We compared the indications, safety and benefits of OGD for nonagenarians compared to octogenarians.

Methods
an observational retrospective review of patients who underwent OGD between 2013 and 2018 at a gastroenterology institute in one large hospital. Patients aged 90 and above ‘nonagenarians’ were compared to those aged 80–89 ‘octogenarians’.

Results
472 patients (231 nonagenarians and 241 octogenarians), median age of 91 for nonagenarians (201 aged 90–94, 30 aged 95 and older) and 82 (174 aged 80–84, 67 aged 85–89) for octogenarians. GI bleeding was a more common and dyspepsia, a less common, indication for nonagenarians compared to octogenarians (55 and 7%, versus 43 and 18%). Significant findings and need for endoscopic treatments were both more commonly found in nonagenarians compared to octogenarians (25 and 24% versus 15 and 8%, respectively). General anaesthesia was more commonly given to nonagenarians (35 versus 10%). Immediate complications and 30-day mortality rate were similar between the groups: (2.6% of nonagenarians versus 1.6% of octogenarians). Of 30 patients aged 95 and older, 13% had late adverse events, compared to 1% of the overall cohort.

Conclusions
OGD appears safe in nonagenarians. Pathological findings and endoscopic interventions are more common. Decisions regarding OGD should not be based on age alone.
Visual Analytics Dashboard Promises to Improve Hypertension Guideline Implementation
Authors: Fadel Raef Ali , Ross Jacob , Asmar Timothy , Sridasyam Karthik , Demertzis Zachary , Ahluwalia Guneet , Roumayah Tamara , Scott Megan , Ibrahim Hanan , Hammoudeh Rawan , Gandhi Nitesh , Flynn Meaghan , Haftka-George Alexis , Heidemann Danielle , Sims Sarah , Levy Phillip , Miller Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Primary care management of hypertension under new guidelines incorporates assessment of cardiovascular disease risk and commonly requires review of electronic health record (EHR) data. Visual analytics can streamline the review of complex data and may lessen the burden clinicians face using the EHR. This study sought to assess the utility of a visual analytics dashboard in addition to EHR in managing hypertension in a primary care setting.

METHODS
Primary care physicians within an urban, academic internal medicine clinic were tasked with performing 2 simulated patient encounters for hypertension management: the first using standard EHR, and the second using EHR paired with a visual dashboard. The dashboard included graphical blood pressure trends with guideline-directed targets, calculated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, and relevant medications. Guideline-appropriate antihypertensive prescribing, correct target blood pressure goal, and total encounter time were assessed.

RESULTS
We evaluated 70 case simulations. Use of the dashboard with the EHR compared with use of the EHR alone was associated with greater adherence to prescribing guidelines (95% vs. 62%, P &lt; 0.001) and more correct identification of blood pressure target (95% vs. 57%, P &lt; 0.01). Total encounter time fell an average of 121 seconds (95% confidence interval 69–157 seconds, P &lt; 0.001) in encounters that used the dashboard combined with the EHR.

CONCLUSIONS
The integration of a hypertension-specific visual analytics dashboard with EHR demonstrates the potential to reduce time and improve hypertension guideline implementation. Further widespread testing in clinical practice is warranted.