bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower‐level associations in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Convergence between hyperbinding of stimulus and response features and procedural hyperfunctioning theories
Authors: Takacs Adam , Münchau Alexander , Nemeth Dezso , Roessner Veit , Beste Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) can be characterized by enhanced cognitive functions related to creating, modifying and maintaining connections between stimuli and responses (S‐R links). Specifically, two areas, procedural sequence learning and, as a novel finding, also event file binding, show converging evidence of hyperfunctioning in GTS. In this review, we describe how these two enhanced functions can be considered as cognitive mechanisms behind habitual behaviour, such as tics in GTS. Moreover, the presence of both procedural sequence learning and event file binding hyperfunctioning in the same disorder can be treated as evidence for their functional connections, even beyond GTS. Importantly though, we argue that hyperfunctioning of event file binding and procedural learning are not interchangeable: they have different time scales, different sensitivities to potential impairment in action sequencing and distinguishable contributions to the cognitive profile of GTS. An integrated theoretical account of hyperbinding and hyperlearning in GTS allows to formulate predictions for the emergence, activation and long‐term persistence of tics in GTS.
Long‐term survival after primary intracerebral hemorrhage: A population‐based case–control study spanning a quarter of a century
Authors: Lahti Anna‐Maija , Nätynki Mirva , Huhtakangas Juha , Bode Michaela , Juvela Seppo , Ohtonen Pasi , Tetri Sami 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim of this study was to determine the differences in life expectancy and causes of death after primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) relative to general population controls.MethodsIn a population‐based setting, 963 patients from Northern Ostrobothnia who had their first‐ever ICH between 1993 and 2008 were compared with a cohort of 2884 sex‐ and age‐matched controls in terms of dates and causes of death as extracted from the Causes of Death Register kept by Statistics Finland and valid up to the end of 2017.ResultsOf our 963 patients, 781 died during the follow‐up time (mortality 81.1%). Cerebrovascular disease was the most common cause of death for these patients, 37.3% compared with 8.2% amongst the controls. The most common reasons for cerebrovascular mortality in the ICH patients were late sequelae of ICH in 12.8% (controls 0%) and new bleeding in 10.6% (controls 1.0%). The long‐term survivors had a smaller ICH volume (median 12 ml) than those patients who died within 3 months (median 39 ml). The mortality rate of ICH patients during a follow‐up between 12 and 24 years was still higher than that of their controls (hazard ratio 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.58–2.74, p < 0.001).ConclusionsVery long‐term ICH survivors have a constant excess mortality relative to controls even 10 years after the index event. A significantly larger proportion of patients died of cerebrovascular causes and fewer because of cancer relative to the controls.
Facilitating technology‐based character learning in emergency remote teaching
Authors: Xu Yi , Jin Li , Deifell Elizabeth , Angus Katie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study reports pedagogical adaptations that Chinese language instructors made to support students' character learning during emergency remote teaching in 2020. Data from an online questionnaire and follow‐up interviews show that the handwriting requirement in the language curriculum was modified to give way to technology‐based instruction, making the conventionally isolated and solitary task of character learning more integrative and interactive. Beginning‐level instructors' use of technology in character instruction was correlated with their self‐confidence, perceived time sufficiency, technology access, and support received. Meanwhile, intermediate‐ and upper‐level instructors' self‐confidence and perceived values of online teaching were factors associated with their technology use. The crucial role of teacher communities in offering language‐specific training and peer support is emphasized, and implications to the broader field of foreign language teaching are discussed.
Response of the peatland carbon dioxide sink function to future climate change scenarios and water level management
Authors: Salimi Shokoufeh , Berggren Martin , Scholz Miklas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStress factors such as climate change and drought may switch the role of temperate peatlands from carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks to sources, leading to positive feedback to global climate change. Water level management has been regarded as an important climate change mitigation strategy as it can sustain the natural net CO2 sink function of a peatland. Little is known about how resilient peatlands are in the face of future climate change scenarios, as well as how effectively water level management can sustain the CO2 sink function to mitigate global warming. The authors assess the effect of climate change on CO2 exchange of south Swedish temperate peatlands, which were either unmanaged or subject to water level regulation. Climate chamber simulations were conducted using experimental peatland mesocosms exposed to current and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). The results showed that all managed and unmanaged systems under future climate scenarios could serve as CO2 sinks throughout the experimental period. However, the 2018 extreme drought caused the unmanaged mesocosms under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 switch from a net CO2 sink to a source during summer. Surprisingly, the unmanaged mesocosms under RCP 2.6 benefited from the warmer climate, and served as the best sink among the other unmanaged systems. Water level management had the greatest effect on the CO2 sink function under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, which improved their CO2 sink capability up to six and two times, respectively. Under the current climate scenario, water level management had a negative effect on the CO2 sink function, and it had almost no effect under RCP 2.6. Therefore, the researchers conclude that water level management is necessary for RCP 8.5, beneficial for RCP 4.5 and unimportant for RCP 2.6 and the current climate.
Occupational safety and health challenges for maritime key workers in the global COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: SHAN Desai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has changed the world of work. But global trade is still recognized as an essential area of business, and maritime transport, being an engine of globalization, cannot be paused. Since the onset of the pandemic, few governments have allowed seafarers – who transport more than 90 per cent of global commodities – to leave their ships and return home. The travel restrictions related to COVID‐19 have led to a crisis of occupational safety and health (OSH) at sea. Drawing on 29 interviews, this article explores the OSH challenges faced by international seafarers during the pandemic.
Medical Oncology Group of Australia position statement: COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with solid tumours
Authors: Kanjanapan Yada , Blinman Prunella , Underhill Craig , Karikios Deme , Segelov Eva , Yip Desmond 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeople with cancer are vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). COVID‐19 vaccination is key to protecting the population of people with cancer from adverse outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The Medical Oncology Group of Australia aimed to address the considerations around COVID‐19 vaccination in people with cancer, in particular, safety and efficacy of vaccination. The assessment of patients with generalised allergic reaction to anti‐cancer therapy containing vaccine components and practical implementation of vaccination of people on active anti‐cancer therapy are also discussed.
Sentiments expressed inYouTubepublic awareness campaigns: stroke
Authors: Phan Thanh G. , Beare Richard , Srikanth Velandai , Ma Henry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocial media (YouTube) has been used to educate the public on stroke signs and the need to contact emergency hotline. We perform sentiment analysis to explore the emotional response to the 2006 North American and contrast this with the five Australian campaigns (2009–2015). The positive sentiment in the North American campaign provides insights for developing material for public health campaigns.
Source pool diversity and proximity shape the compositional uniqueness of insular mammal assemblages worldwide
Authors: Hébert Katherine , Millien Virginie , Lessard Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimIslands have been the test bed of several theories in community ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Progress within these disciplines has given a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the processes governing variation in species richness among islands. However, it remains unclear whether these same processes also explain variation in species and phylogenetic composition among islands. Integrating theory from ecology and biogeography, we infer the roles of dispersal, selection, and stochasticity on the composition of insular assemblages within archipelagos. We further assess the influence of source pool diversity and connectivity on the compositional uniqueness of insular assemblages.LocationIsland systems worldwide.TaxonMammals.MethodsWe compiled data on species composition of nonvolant mammals on ~200 islands in nine archipelagos distributed worldwide from the literature. We used variation partitioning to quantify the relative influence of the environment (selection) and geographic distance (dispersal) relative to a null model (stochasticity, randomness) on taxonomic and phylogenetic compositional turnover within archipelagos. We then used a linear mixed model to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms shaping variation in assemblage composition among islands at a global scale. Specifically, we assessed the influence of source pool diversity, isolation from the source pool, and island characteristics on compositional uniqueness.ResultsOur results suggest that within‐archipelago variation in the composition of insular mammal assemblages is associated with stochastic or unmeasured processes rather than abiotic selection or dispersal limitation. The diversity and proximity of the source pool, as well as some island characteristics, explained variation in phylogenetic, but not taxonomic, compositional uniqueness globally. Globally, isolated islands associated with phylogenetically diverse source pools exhibit high phylogenetic uniqueness whereas well‐connected islands associated with phylogenetically clustered source pools show the opposite trend. Phylogenetically unique assemblages also tend occur on islands with a small elevational span and low annual temperature variation.Main conclusionsTaken together, our results suggest that source pool diversity, along with the potential for colonization from those pools, has a strong influence on the composition of insular mammal assemblages worldwide.
Geranylgeranylacetone promotes human osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by inducing the degradation of PRMT1 through the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP
Authors: Jiang Lucen , Liao Jia , Liu Jianghuan , Wei Qingzhu , Wang Yiyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGeranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an inducer of heat shock proteins, exerts anticancer activity in some tumours. However, the effect of GGA on human osteosarcoma (OS) has not been reported. This work is designed to evaluate the effect of GGA on the proliferation and apoptosis of human OS cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. It was found that GGA markedly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of U‐2 OS cells in a dose‐dependent manner and also up‐regulated the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). The degradation and ubiquitination of protein arginine N‐methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) were obviously enhanced in U‐2 OS cells with CHIP overexpression and GGA treatment. The expression of PRMT1 was reversed in GGA‐treated cell after CHIP knockdown. The turnover of PRMT1 was obviously faster in cells overexpressing CHIP than that in control cells. The methylation and activity of STAT3 were induced by PRMT1, resulting in the inhibition of FAS transcription. Overexpression of PRMT1 reversed the effect of GGA on activation of apoptosis‐related proteins and U‐2 OS cell apoptosis. The expressions of PRMT1 were significantly up‐regulated in OS tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues and benign bone tumours. In conclusion, GGA promotes the degradation of PRMT1 through the Hsp70‐CHIP‐mediated proteasome pathway, thereby inducing the FAS‐triggered cell apoptosis. Inhibition of PRMT1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for OS patients.
The combined effects of innovation and corporate social responsibility on firm financial risk
Authors: Liu Bai , Ju Tao , Gao Simon S.S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrior literature has largely dealt with the effect of either corporate social responsibility (CSR) or innovation on firm financial risk. No earlier research has examined the combined effect of a firm's simultaneous pursuit of CSR and innovation on firm financial risk. This study investigates the combined effects with a view to fostering our understanding of relationships of CSR and innovation with financial risk. Using the patent application and CSR data of 2,174 Chinese listed firms over the period 2010–2016, this study finds that firms with higher levels of imitative innovation and good CSR performance exhibit higher financial risk. The results remain after a series of robustness tests including the use of an alternative measure of firm financial risk and CSR. The results indicate that firms with a higher level of imitative innovation exhibit greater financial risk; however, the risk cannot be mitigated by firms' good CSR performance. CSR performance helps firms boost the positive image of a “good citizen” and reduce firm financial risk; however, the combined effects of CSR and imitative innovation trigger higher financial risk. The results of this study support the umbrella theory of CSR that exacerbates the moral hazard for those firms that rely on imitative innovation.
The contribution of elastic geothermobarometry to the debate on HP versus UHP metamorphism
Authors: Gilio Mattia , Scambelluri Marco , Angel Ross J. , Alvaro Matteo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCharacterizing the pressure and temperature (P–T) histories of eclogite facies rocks is of key importance for unravelling subduction zone processes at all scales. Accurate P–T estimates provide constraints on tectonic and geochemical processes affecting subduction dynamics and help in interpreting the geophysical images of present‐day converging plates. Conventional equilibrium geothermobarometers are challenged in ultra high pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes, as minerals may undergo re‐equilibration along their exhumation path. Elastic geobarometry applied to host‐inclusion systems is a complementary method to determine P–T conditions of metamorphism independent from chemical equilibrium. Because only a single measurement, the inclusion strain, is made, only a line in P–T space of possible entrapment conditions, the entrapment isomeke, can be determined. Thus, the entrapment pressure along an isomeke can only be determined if the entrapment temperature is known. An alternative is to calculate entrapment conditions for two types of inclusions that are believed, from petrological evidence such as being in the same garnet growth zone, to have been entrapped at the same time. The intersection between the two sets of isomeke calculated on multiple quartz and zircon inclusions demonstrates that measuring different inclusion phases trapped inside a single host allows unique P–T conditions for the host rock to be determined. Here, we combine Zr‐in‐Rutile thermometry and thermodynamic modelling with micro‐Raman measurements on quartz and zircon inclusions trapped in garnet to obtain pressures and temperatures of equilibration of a quartz–garnet vein from the Proterozoic Ulla gneiss basement and of garnet–kyanite gneiss from the Caledonian Blåhø nappe, both in the Fjørtoft UHP terrane, Norway. We find that the quartz–garnet vein formed at high pressure (1.5–2.5 GPa and 750–800°C) and recrystallized at ~1.2 GPa and 880°C. In contrast, the garnet–kyanite gneiss followed an anticlockwise path with peak P–T at 1.2 GPa and 880°C: these estimates are consistent with previous thermodynamic modelling and suggest that the Ulla gneiss and the Blåhø nappe came into contact at these last conditions. We also discuss a new method to detect hydrostatic versus Non‐hydrostatic stresses near quartz and zircon inclusions in garnet.
Characteristics of ovarian endometrioma during pregnancy
Authors: Takami Mio , Kajiyama Ryoko , Miyagi Etsuko , Aoki Shigeru 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimDuring pregnancy, the ovarian endometrioma generally decreases in size and occasionally ruptures. We evaluated (1) whether and how ovarian‐endometrioma size changes from the first trimester to the postdelivery period, and (2) the type of endometrioma more likely to rupture during pregnancy.MethodsDuring an 18‐year period (2000–2018), ultrasound in the first trimester revealed ovarian endometrioma in 149 pregnant women at our tertiary institute. Among these, we subjected 138 endometriomas in 145 patients to expectant management (wait‐and‐watch approach during pregnancy). We compared the cyst sizes in the first trimester and the postdelivery period, and defined a >1 cm diameter size‐change as a significant increase/decrease. We analyzed four patients with rupture and characterized the predictors of rupture.ResultsA comparison of cyst sizes in the first trimester and the postdelivery period revealed that the size of 94 (68%), 37 (27%), and 7 ovaries (5.0%), respectively, decreased, remained unchanged, and increased; in 56 ovaries (40%), apparent cysts were no longer present. Of the 145 patients, four (2.8%) required emergency surgery for cyst rupture. Adhesion to the surroundings, an increase in cyst size, large size (diameter of ≥6 cm), and compression due to the enlarged uterus in late pregnancy were factors clinically related to rupture.ConclusionsApproximately two‐thirds of ovarian endometriomas decreased in size during pregnancy (40% disappeared), 27% remained unchanged, and only 5% increased in size. However, 2.8% of pregnant women with endometrial cysts experienced rupture. We characterized risk factors for rupture; however, clinical application requires further evaluation.
Proposal for developing treatment algorithms of women with symptomatic adenomyosis: A single‐center experience
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe most common symptoms of adenomyosis include heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea. A variety of medical or surgical techniques are utilized for the treatment of adenomyosis, but there are currently no specific treatment guidelines and best practice recommendations for management. The aim of this study is to summarize current treatment strategies for women with symptomatic adenomyosis in a single‐center university hospital in order to provide reliable information for developing treatment algorithms.MethodsWe conducted an observational cross‐sectional study using data from the adenomyosis cohort study from January 2008 to December 2020. Detailed information, including demographic, clinicopathological, and imaging data, were collected from 220 pathologically confirmed patients with adenomyosis.ResultsFirst, we identified clinical and imaging characteristics in women who underwent surgery or hormone therapy, especially dienogest (DNG) treatment, as first‐line treatment. Surgery was generally recommended for multiparous women over the age of 43, especially for patients with intrinsic adenomyosis. Next, we identified the parameters that allowed the continuation of DNG treatment. Oral DNG was given to certain patients with a myometrium thickness of 35 mm or greater and coexisting with endometriosis and/or uterine fibroids. To prevent serious bleeding, DNG treatment can be limited to women with extrinsic adenomyosis with a uterine length of 125 mm or less.DiscussionOur findings may provide useful information in developing an evidence‐based treatment guideline for patients with symptomatic adenomyosis, nevertheless, further investigation is needed for the validation of treatment algorithms.
Pregnancy outcomes in children, adolescents, and young adults that survived cancer: A nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Yasuoka Toshiaki , Iwama Noriyuki , Ota Kuniaki , Harada Miyuki , Hasegawa Junichi , Yaegashi Nobuo , Sugiyama Takashi , Suzuki Nao , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimRecent advances in cancer treatment have improved the prognosis of child, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors. This study aimed to examine the current status of pregnancy outcomes among female cancer survivors in Japan.MethodsThe first questionnaire was sent to 633 major tertiary institutions certified by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology to identify institutions managing cases of pregnant cancer survivors between January 2011 and December 2015. The second questionnaire was sent only to institutions with pregnant cancer survivors during the study period.ResultsWe analyzed 2242 singleton deliveries of cancer survivors based on the responses received in the second questionnaire (199/255 responses; 78.0%). The three most frequent types of malignant tumors were uterine cervical (23.4%), breast (17.6%), and thyroid cancers (17.5%). Conception was aided by the use of assisted reproductive technology in 17.0% of the patients. The proportions of mothers aged 35–39.9 and ≥ 40 years were 36.5% and 11.8%, respectively. The prevalence of preterm birth (PTB) at <37, <34, and < 32 weeks' gestation were 16.7%, 6.8%, and 4.3%, respectively. The proportion of infants with low birth weight (LBW) was 18.9%.ConclusionThe present study findings suggest that advanced maternal age was common among pregnant cancer survivors and these survivors often gave birth to PTB and LBW infants in Japan. The likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes should be considered by healthcare providers when planning counseling and perinatal care for cancer survivors.
Need to warm up! Ambient coldness increases vice inclinations
Authors: Yu Yining , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile researchers have begun to investigate how ambient elements affect people's vice inclinations, the effect of ambient temperature on vice inclinations is relatively unknown. Through three experiments, the present study reveals that ambient coldness (vs. hotness) increases vice inclinations, including both vice consumptions and vice activities. This phenomenon is induced by the automatically activated affective decision‐making mode, which helps people acquire emotional warmth to complement their physical coldness. Driven by the affective decision‐making mode, people are more inclined to vice behaviors. The present study is among the first to explore the effect of ambient temperature on vice inclinations (i.e., vice consumption and vice activity) which extends the literature regarding the downstream consequences of thermoregulation.Practical ApplicationsOur study provides practical insights for the sake of activity organizers, policymakers, educators, and employers. First, we suggest that changing the temperature inside lower than the outside could trigger vice inclinations, which offers an easy and cheap method for activity organizers to enliven the atmosphere and increase participant's involvement. Also, it might be less effective for policymakers to promote vice‐resisting campaigns on cold days since people are more inclined to temptations in the cold atmosphere. Moreover, our findings are instructive for educators and employers. A colder‐than‐average atmosphere might hamper students' and employees' academic or work performances, respectively.