bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical aspects of dust–plasma interactions
Authors: Pustylnik M.Y. , Pikalev A.A. , Zobnin A.V. , Semenov I.L. , Thomas H.M. , Petrov O.F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLow‐pressure gas discharge plasmas are known to be strongly affected by the presence of small dust particles. This issue plays a role in the investigations of dust particle‐forming plasmas, where the dust‐induced instabilities may affect the properties of synthesized dust particles. Also, gas discharges with large amounts of microparticles are used in microgravity experiments, where strongly coupled subsystems of charged microparticles represent particle‐resolved models of liquids and solids. In this field, deep understanding of dust–plasma interactions is required to construct the discharge configurations which would be able to model the desired generic condensed matter physics as well as, in the interpretation of experiments, to distinguish the plasma phenomena from the generic condensed matter physics phenomena. In this review, we address only physical aspects of dust–plasma interactions, that is, we always imply constant chemical composition of the plasma as well as constant size of the dust particles. We also restrict the review to two discharge types: dc discharge and capacitively coupled rf discharge. We describe the experimental methods used in the investigations of dust–plasma interactions and show the approaches to numerical modelling of the gas discharge plasmas with large amounts of dust. Starting from the basic physical principles governing the dust–plasma interactions, we discuss the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of such complicated, discharge‐type‐specific phenomena as dust‐induced stratification and transverse instability in a dc discharge or void formation and heartbeat instability in an rf discharge.
Meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms for comparative analysis of uniform and non‐uniform elliptical array antenna for enhanced gain
Authors: Misra Bitan , Mahanti Gautam Kumar 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn this article, the synthesis of a non‐uniform elliptical array antenna (EAA) is presented applying three relatively new, well‐performing meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms; quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO), symbiotic organism search (SOS), and moth fly optimization (MFO) algorithms. The design objective allows simultaneous minimization of side lobes and maximization of gain by finding the best optimal combination of angular locuses of the antennas in the array structure. The proposed technique is efficient enough to resolve the underlying multi‐objective problems at two principle planes of radiation and adaptable enough to the effective implementation of additional design constraints which make this design suitable for practical high‐frequency applications as well as long‐distance communication. The iterative accomplishment of the three algorithms is compared depending on the radiation parameters as well as statistical parameters. The outcomes are validated by performing a t test on the obtained data sets.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of clonal extramedullary hematopoiesis in a case of myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Shponka Volodymyr , Bone Kathleen , Nomani Laila , Hunt Bryan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH)—the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors outside of the bone marrow (BM) is a well‐known phenomenon in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Abundant literature describes EMH at various body sites in cases of MPN, and some studies showed the presence of cytogenetic changes associated with MPN in the EMH tissues. We present a case of an 80‐year‐old female, with a history of MPN, presenting with mediastinal adenopathy. The transbronchial fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the mediastinal lymph node showed EMH with atypical megakaryocytes and del(13q) demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The subsequent BM biopsy demonstrated myelofibrosis with atypical megakaryocytes harboring the same cytogenetic abnormality. Our case highlights the capability of FNA cytology for providing accurate morphologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic diagnosis of clonal EMH.
Analytical developments of p‐hydroxy prenylamine reference material for dope control research: Characterization and purity assessment
Authors: Joseph Athira , Kumar Gangasani Jagadeesh , Pawar Sachin Dattram , Hirlekar Bhakti Umesh , Bharatam Prasad V. , Konda Satyanand , Mudiam Mohana Krishna Reddy , Murty Upadhyayula Suryanarayana , Sahu P. L. , Dubey Sachin , Radhakrishnanand P. , Adye Daya Raju , Borkar Roshan M. , Thirupathi Choppari , Kumar Pramod 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrenylamine was initially used for the treatment of angina pectoris and later on withdrawn from the market in 1988 due to cardiac arrhythmias concern. The major phase I metabolite of prenylamine is p‐hydroxy prenylamine that has a chiral center in the structure. Even though p‐hydroxy prenylamine was synthesized earlier, it lacked complete analytical developments for chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. However, p‐hydroxy prenylamine reference material is not commercially available. The innovation of this manuscript is the development and validation of a chiral HPLC separation method and more extensive characterization of the reference material than previously reported method. Therefore, it was hypothesized to develop and validate normal phase HPLC method for p‐hydroxy prenylamine reference material. p‐Hydroxy prenylamine was synthesized in two batches and characterized successfully using 13C NMR, 1H NMR, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A normal phase chiral HPLC method was developed to analyze the p‐hydroxy prenylamine purity. Separation of the p‐hydroxy prenylamine enantiomers were achieved using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) on a ChiralCel ODH column at wavelength of 220 nm. The developed method was validated in terms of its linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness for purification, purity assessment, and stability studies. Proton and carbon peaks were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Functional groups were confirmed by FT‐IR. Loss on drying was 0.3% and 0.6% for Batches 1 and 2, respectively. The purity of the developed reference material for Batches 1 and 2 was found to be 99.59% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the synthesized batches of p‐hydroxy prenylamine can be used in dope testing as reference material.
Conceptual and methodological advances in habitat‐selection modeling: guidelines for ecology and evolution
Authors: Northrup Joseph M. , Vander Wal Eric , Bonar Maegwin , Fieberg John , Laforge Michel P. , Leclerc Martin , Prokopenko Christina M. , Gerber Brian D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHabitat selection is a fundamental animal behavior that shapes a wide range of ecological processes, including animal movement, nutrient transfer, trophic dynamics and population distribution. Although habitat selection has been a focus of ecological studies for decades, technological, conceptual and methodological advances over the last 20 yr have led to a surge in studies addressing this process. Despite the substantial literature focused on quantifying the habitat‐selection patterns of animals, there is a marked lack of guidance on best analytical practices. The conceptual foundations of the most commonly applied modeling frameworks can be confusing even to those well versed in their application. Furthermore, there has yet to be a synthesis of the advances made over the last 20 yr. Therefore, there is a need for both synthesis of the current state of knowledge on habitat selection, and guidance for those seeking to study this process. Here, we provide an approachable overview and synthesis of the literature on habitat‐selection analyses (HSAs) conducted using selection functions, which are by far the most applied modeling framework for understanding the habitat‐selection process. This review is purposefully non‐technical and focused on understanding without heavy mathematical and statistical notation, which can confuse many practitioners. We offer an overview and history of HSAs, describing the tortuous conceptual path to our current understanding. Through this overview, we also aim to address the areas of greatest confusion in the literature. We synthesize the literature outlining the most exciting conceptual advances in the field of habitat‐selection modeling, discussing the substantial ecological and evolutionary inference that can be made using contemporary techniques. We aim for this paper to provide clarity for those navigating the complex literature on HSAs while acting as a reference and best practices guide for practitioners.
Clinical, biochemical, and hematological characteristics of community‐dwelling adolescent and young adult males with anorexia nervosa
Authors: J. Silla Karol Elisha , S. Brigham Kathryn , Goldstein Mark , Misra Madhusmita , Singhal Vibha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveData regarding clinical characteristics in males with AN are limited. We aimed to delineate clinical, biochemical, and hematological features in community‐dwelling adolescent and young adult males with AN.MethodA retrospective chart review of electronic medical records from 2000 to 2016 was conducted for 53 males aged 10–23 years old; AN (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 17) were similar for Tanner stage.ResultsAdolescent and young adult males with AN were diagnosed at a mean age of 15.9 ± 3.0 years. The most prevalent strategy for weight loss (following calorie restriction) was over‐exercising. Labs demonstrated polycythemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, but no electrolyte abnormalities. Compared with healthy controls of similar Tanner stage, males with AN had lower total testosterone levels. A significant proportion of males with AN had traumatic bone fractures.DiscussionOver‐exercising is a common secondary weight loss strategy in males with AN. Testosterone levels are lower than in controls, but electrolyte abnormalities are rare. With enhanced provider awareness, diagnostic delays may be prevented.
Sterilization of stem‐end rot of mango using dielectric barrier discharge and investigation of sterilization factors
Authors: Nakakoga Yuta , Tada Yoichiro , Sakoda Tatsuya , Tazawa Kazutoshi , Ichikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo develop a sterilization method for controlling post‐harvest stem‐end rot of mango, we examined to sterilize fungi on peduncle by using the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Additionally, to investigate the sterilization factors, we performed sterilization against stem‐end rot on agar medium by using the DBD generated in air, argon gas, or oxygen gas. It was found that the DBD can sterilize fungi with high probability. Ultra‐violet ray and O3 do not contribute to the sterilization. High energy electrons, and radicals such as O and OH play an essential role for the sterilization.
Analysis of aerodynamic performance of high‐speed rotational components for MEMS based turbomachinery considering effects of tip clearance and diabatic heat transfer
Authors: Tanaka Shuusei , Nakai Takaaki , Toriyama Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses a fundamental design guideline for rotational components of a micro‐scale gas turbine engine considering an interaction between geometrical structure and aerodynamics. The rotational components of the micro‐scale gas turbine engine may be subjected to the centrifugal stress due to high‐speed rotation. The efficiency of each component is strongly controlled by geometrical clearance between rotational and stationary components, and heat transfer from the turbine to the compressor. Therefore, the elastic deformations due to the centrifugal stress and heat transfer have important role to determine the practical aerodynamic performance of the rotational components. A new sophisticated geometrical structure was introduced to the rotational components to control the elastic deformation and maintain the compressor efficiency that is necessary to hold the minimum requirement for the thermodynamic cycle.
Preparation of binder‐free spherical submicron‐sized platinum particles using laser melting in liquids
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi , Suzuki Yuuta , Sakaki Shota , Ishikawa Yoshie , Koshizaki Naoto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpherical‐shaped submicron‐sized particles (SMPs) of noble metals are an ideal material to prepare electronic wires using ink‐jet printing. Platinum SMPs (PtSMPs) must be a better material than gold SMPs (AuSMPs) used in high temperature conditions, because of the higher melting point of platinum than that of gold. However, differing from AuSMPs, no convenient PtSMP preparation method have been developed so far. In the present study, we have applied the laser melting in liquids method (LML), which has been used to prepare SMPs of various materials, on the preparation of PtSMPs. The results showed that PtSMPs were successfully obtained by laser irradiation at 266 nm for platinum nanoparticles stabilized by a small amount of sodium citrate via the laser‐induced agglomeration. It was also found that PtSMPs of the similar size were obtained when laser wavelength was changed to 355 nm, although the irradiation time necessary to induce NP agglomeration using 355 nm laser irradiation became longer than that using 266 nm laser irradiation. This laser wavelength dependence was explained in terms of the size‐dependent heating efficiency of platinum particles.
Spectroscopic measurement of water using an electrostatic transducer with near‐infrared absorber
Authors: Suzuki Takamasa , Nakafuji Kota , Uesugi Akio , Sugano Koji , Isono Yoshitada 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe widespread of near‐infrared spectroscopes in the consumer field is expected to create new demand, such as the detections of fruit and vegetable rot and the easy measurement of the amount of water in the skin. Conventional cooled photodiodes using compound semiconductor materials such as InGaAs have problems with cost reduction and miniaturization. Therefore, we proposed an electrostatic Si microresonator device for the realization of a near‐infrared optical sensor. This device measures the resonance frequency shift caused by the thermal stress generated in the resonator due to light absorption depending on the light intensity. The purpose of this study is to apply the device to near‐infrared spectroscopy of water as a photodetector. We proposed an evaluation method based on a theoretical equation and confirmed that the device could detect the near‐infrared absorption spectrum of water. The measurement results of the developed device matched well with that of the commercially available photodiode intensity sensor. In the future, it is expected that a compact near‐infrared spectrometer with high sensitivity and low cost will be realized by arranging devices that integrate absorbers with different wavelength dependencies.
Differential habitat use and recruitment facilitate coexistence in a community with intraguild predation
Authors: Goldberg Joshua F. , Fraser Douglas F. , Lamphere Bradley A. , Reznick David N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTheory predicts that species engaged in intraguild predation (IGP) can only coexist under limited conditions, yet IGP is common in nature. Habitat complexity can promote coexistence by reducing encounter rates, but little information is known about the contribution of differential habitat use. We hypothesized that differential use of alternative habitats promotes coexistence of an intraguild (IG) predator and prey. We evaluated predictions of this hypothesis with an experimental introduction of an IG predator fish into four natural stream communities that previously contained only the IG prey fish. We monitored the development of this IGP over the course of four years to determine how each species used alternative stream habitats. The introduced species preferred pool habitats while the resident species was more evenly distributed across pools and riffles. The density of the resident decreased in the pool habitat preferred by the invader, accompanied by a local increase in the mean of the resident size distribution. Selective predation by the invader on hatchling residents appears to impact the residents’ demographic response. The continued recruitment of resident juveniles in riffles, where the introduced species is rare, facilitated the persistence of the resident. This differential use of habitats was not accompanied by a change in the resident’s growth rates in either habitat. Our results showed that differential habitat selection and recruitment promoted persistence during an invasion involving IGP, which helps to bridge the gap between theory and observation in explaining coexistence in IGP systems.
Five dimensions of climate governance: a framework for empirical research based on polycentric and multi‐level governance perspectives
Authors: Heinen Deborah , Arlati Alessandro , Knieling Jörg 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGovernance of climate mitigation and adaptation has been discussed within polycentric and multi‐level governance perspectives. Both perspectives on climate governance are intimately related but yet in some regards are distinctly different ‐ as one perspective has evolved from empirical research within the United States and the other in the European Union. Within an increasingly global discourse on climate governance, there is a need in the literature to bring both discourses together. The findings are based on a systematic literature review of 42 climate governance papers published since 2000. This paper discusses how multi‐level and polycentric climate governance perspectives converge and diverge along five dimensions. The five dimensions provide insights for applying a multi‐level or polycentric governance perspective to empirical research.
Sex differences in prognosis of significant secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Namazi Farnaz , van der Bijl Pieter , Vo N. Mai , van Wijngaarden Suzanne E. , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsSecondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is more frequent in men than in women. However, little is known about differences in prognosis between men and women with secondary MR. The objective of this study is to investigate the sex distribution of secondary MR and the prognostic differences between sexes.MethodsPatients with significant secondary MR, of both ischaemic and non‐ischaemic aetiologies, were identified through the departmental electronic patient files and retrospectively analysed. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 698 patients (mean age 66 ± 11 years) with significant secondary MR were included: 471 (67%) men and 227 (33%) women. Ischaemic heart failure was significantly more common in men (61%), whereas non‐ischaemic heart failure was more prevalent in women (63%). Women had significantly smaller left ventricular (LV) volumes when compared with men and more preserved LV systolic function when assessed with LV global longitudinal strain (GLS; 8.5 ± 4.1% vs. 7.5 ± 3.6%; P = 0.004). Women more often underwent surgical mitral valve repair (34%) when compared with men (26%), although no differences were observed for transcatheter mitral valve repair. During a median follow‐up of 57 [interquartile range 29–110] months, 373 (53%) patients died. Women showed significantly lower mortality rates at 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year follow‐up (9%, 16% and 33% vs. 10%, 20% and 42%) when compared with men (P = 0.001).ConclusionsSignificant secondary MR is more frequently observed in men as compared with women and is associated with worse prognosis.
Chronic exogenous ketone supplementation blunts the decline of cardiac function in the failing heart
Authors: Takahara Shingo , Soni Shubham , Phaterpekar Kiran , Kim Ty T. , Maayah Zaid H. , Levasseur Jody L. , Silver Heidi L. , Freed Darren H. , Ferdaoussi Mourad , Dyck Jason R.B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsRecent evidence has demonstrated that ketone bodies, particularly β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), are beneficial to the failing heart due to their potential as an alternative energy substrate as well as their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative properties. Exogenous supplementation of ketones also helps prevent heart failure (HF) development in rodent models, but whether ketones can be used to treat HF remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated whether chronic supplementation of ketones is beneficial for the heart in a mouse model of established HF.Methods and resultsTo elevate circulating ketone levels, we utilized (R)‐3‐hydroxybutyl‐(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [ketone ester (KE)]. C57Bl/6N male mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. After developing HF, mice were treated with either 20% KE or vehicle via drinking water for 2 weeks. In another cohort, mice 3–4 weeks post‐TAC received acute intravenous infusions of BHB or saline for 1 h and their cardiac function was measured. 20% KE significantly elevated blood BHB in mice (P < 0.01) without inducing ketoacidosis or altering other metabolic parameters. Mice with overt HF (30–45% ejection fraction) treated with 20% KE displayed significantly elevated circulating ketone levels compared with vehicle‐treated mice (P < 0.05). The significant cardiac dysfunction in mice with HF continued to worsen after 2 weeks of vehicle treatment, whereas this decline was absent in KE‐treated mice (mean difference 4.7% ejection fraction; P < 0.01). KE treatment also alleviated TAC‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (P < 0.05) and reduced the TAC‐induced elevated cardiac periostin (P < 0.05), a marker of activated fibroblasts. Cardiac fibrosis was also significantly reduced with KE treatment in TAC mice (P < 0.01). In another cohort, acute BHB infusion significantly increased the cardiac output of mice with HF (P < 0.05), providing further support that ketone therapy can be used to treat HF.ConclusionsWe show that chronic treatment of exogenous ketones is of benefit to the failing heart and that chronic ketone elevation may be a therapeutic option for HF. Further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) are warranted.
Radical‐Mediated Approaches for the Synthesis of Thiolactones
Authors: McCourt Ruairí O. , Scanlan Eoin M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this review we discuss the diverse synthetic approaches and methodologies which have been utilized for the preparation of small and medium ring thiolactones via radical‐mediated processes. We provide a brief overview of the major current applications and uses of thiolactones in disparate fields of study and outline a selection of representative methods which have been employed for the preparation of compounds containing this structural motif, with a concise consideration of the conditions employed, the key intermediates formed and the mechanism of the transformations, where pertinent. Reaction classification has been broadly divided into two distinct classes: those in which the key bond forming step is an intermolecular radical process, and those in which it is an intramolecular process (radical cyclization). Both of these reaction classes may be further subdivided into processes that proceed via a carbon‐centered (C‐centered) radical, and those that proceed through a thiyl/sulfur‐centered (S‐centered) radical.