bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting chemical defence or novel weapons? A review of defence traits in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and other invasive seaweeds
Authors: Wang Gaoge , Ren Yifei , Wang Shasha , Hou Minglei , Weinberger Florian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeaweed bioinvasions increasingly affect coastal environments around the world, which increases the need for predictive models and mitigation strategies. The biotic interactions between seaweed invaders and invaded communities are often considered a key determinant of invasion success and failure and we here revise the current evidence that the capacity of seaweed invaders to deter enemies in newly reached environments correlates with their invasion success. Particularly efficient chemical defences have been described for several of the more problematic seaweed invaders during the last decades. However, confirmed cases in which seaweed invaders confronted un-adapted enemies in newly gained environments with deterrents that were absent from these environments prior to the invasion (so-called “novel weapons”) are scarce, although an increasing number of invasive and non-invasive seaweeds are screened for defence compounds. More evidence exists that seaweeds may adapt defence intensities to changing pressure by biological enemies in newly invaded habitats. However, most of this evidence of shifting defence was gathered with only one particular model seaweed, the Asia-endemic red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum, which is particularly accessible for direct comparisons of native and non-native populations in common garden experiments. A. vermiculophyllum interacts with consumers, epibionts and bacterial pathogens and in most of these interactions, non-native populations have rather gained than lost defensive capacity relative to native conspecifics. The increases in the few examined cases were due to an increased production of broad-spectrum deterrents and the relative scarcity of specialized deterrents perhaps reflects the circumstance that seaweed consumers and epibionts are overwhelmingly generalists.
Hepatozelluläres Karzinom
Authors: Mertens Joachim , Petrowsky Henrik , Heim Markus H. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) entsteht in der Regel im Rahmen einer chronischen Lebererkrankung im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Meist liegt schon eine Zirrhose vor. Patienten mit einer Zirrhose haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für ein HCC und sollten mittels 6‑monatlichen Ultraschalluntersuchungen überwacht werden. Patienten mit neu entdecktem HCC sollten in einem spezialisierten Zentrum abgeklärt und behandelt werden. Die Wahl der Therapie hängt dabei vom Stadium der Erkrankung ab. Dieses wiederum wird nicht nur von der Tumorgrösse, sondern auch von der Leberfunktion bestimmt. Bei Frühstadien des HCC kommen Therapien mit kurativer Intention zum Einsatz: chirurgische Resektion, Transplantation und perkutane Ablationstherapien. Das intermediäre Stadium wird primär mit transarterieller Chemoembolisation behandelt. Im fortgeschrittenen Stadium kommen die systemischen Therapien und in ausgewählten Patienten die transarterielle Radiotherapie zum Einsatz. Bei den systemischen Therapien hat mit der Zulassung der Kombination eines Immuncheckpointinhibitors mit einem Angiogenesehemmer ein Paradigmenwechsel stattgefunden.
The accuracy versus interpretability trade-off in fraud detection model
Authors: Nesvijevskaia Anna , Ouillade Sophie , Guilmin Pauline , Zucker Jean-Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLike a hydra, fraudsters adapt and circumvent increasingly sophisticated barriers erected by public or private institutions. Among these institutions, banks must quickly take measures to avoid losses while guaranteeing the satisfaction of law-abiding customers. Facing an expanding flow of operations, effective banking relies on data analytics to support established risk control processes, but also on a better understanding of the underlying fraud mechanism. In addition, fraud being a criminal offence, the evidential aspect of the process must also be considered. These legal, operational, and strategic constraints lead to compromises on the means to be implemented for fraud management. This paper first focuses on the translation of practical questions raised in the banking industry at each step of the fraud management process into performance evaluation required to design a fraud detection model. Secondly, it considers a range of machine learning approaches that address these specificities: the imbalance between fraudulent and nonfraudulent operations, the lack of fully trusted labels, the concept-drift phenomenon, and the unavoidable trade-off between accuracy and interpretability of detection. This state-of-the-art review sheds some light on a technology race between black box machine learning models improved by post-hoc interpretation and intrinsic interpretable models boosted to gain accuracy. Finally, it discusses how concrete and promising hybrid approaches can provide pragmatic, short-term answers to banks and policy makers without swallowing up stakeholders with economical and ethical stakes in this technological race.
Optimizing noise characteristics of mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser using gain-induced RIN-transfer dynamics
Authors: Han Jiangshuoxue , Liu Yang , Deng Zejiang , Xie Gehui , Luo Daping , Gu Chenglin , Zhou Lian , Li Wenxue 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gain-parameter-dependent transfer functions and phase-noise performances in a mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser are measured in this study. It is discovered that the corner frequency in the amplitude and phase domains is determined by the absorption coefficient of the gain fiber, when the total absorption and other cavity parameters are fixed. This shows that an oscillator using gain fiber with higher dopant concentration accumulates more phase noise. Furthermore, we present net cavity dispersion-dependent transfer functions to verify the effect of dispersion management on the frequency response. We derive a guideline for optimizing mode-locked fiber laser design to achieve low phase noise and timing jitter.
MWA and ASKAP observations of atypical radio-halo-hosting galaxy clusters: Abell 141 and Abell 3404
Authors: Duchesne S. W. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Wilber A. G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report on the detection of a giant radio halo in the cluster Abell 3404 as well as confirmation of the radio halo observed in Abell 141 (with linear extents$\sim\!770$and$\sim\!850$kpc, respectively). We use the Murchison Widefield Array, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array to characterise the emission and intervening radio sources from$\sim100$to 1 000 MHz; power law models are fit to the spectral energy distributions with spectral indices$\alpha_{88}^{1\,110} = -1.66 \pm 0.07$and$\alpha_{88}^{943} = -1.06 \pm 0.09$for the radio halos in Abell 3404 and Abell 141, respectively. We find strong correlation between radio and X-ray surface brightness for Abell 3404 but little correlation for Abell 141. We note that each cluster has an atypical morphology for a radio-halo-hosting cluster, with Abell 141 having been previously reported to be in a pre-merging state, and Abell 3404 is largely relaxed with only minor evidence for a disturbed morphology. We find that the radio halo powers are consistent with the current radio halo sample and$P_\nu$–Mscaling relations, but note that the radio halo in Abell 3404 is an ultra-steep–spectrum radio halo (USSRH) and, as with other USSRHs lies slightly below the best-fit$P_{1.4}$–Mrelation. We find that an updated scaling relation is consistent with previous results and shifting the frequency to 150 MHz does not significantly alter the best-fit relations with a sample of 86 radio halos. We suggest that the USSRH halo in Abell 3404 represents the faint class of radio halos that will be found in clusters undergoing weak mergers.
Fat mass assessment using the triceps skinfold thickness enhances the prognostic value of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Yin Liangyu , Fan Yang , Lin Xin , Zhang Ling , Li Na , Liu Jie , Guo Jing , Zhang Mengyuan , He Xiumei , Liu Lijuan , Zhang Hongmei , Shi Muli , Chong Feifei , Chen Xiao , Wang Chang , Wang Xu , Liang Tingting , Liu Xiangliang , Deng Li , Li Wei , Song Chunhua , Cui Jiuwei , Shi Hanping , Xu Hongxia ,   The Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study evaluated whether fat mass assessment using the triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness provides additional prognostic value to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework in patients with lung cancer (LC). We performed an observational cohort study including 2672 LC patients in China. Comprehensive demographic, disease and nutritional characteristics were collected. Malnutrition was retrospectively defined using the GLIM criteria, and optimal stratification was used to determine the best thresholds for the TSF. The associations of malnutrition and TSF categories with survival were estimated independently and jointly by calculating multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Malnutrition was identified in 808 (30·2 %) patients, and the best TSF thresholds were 9·5 mm in men and 12 mm in women. Accordingly, 496 (18·6 %) patients were identified as having a low TSF. Patients with concurrent malnutrition and a low TSF had a 54 % (HR = 1·54, 95 % CI = 1·25, 1·88) greater death hazard compared with well-nourished individuals, which was also greater compared with malnourished patients with a normal TSF (HR = 1·23, 95 % CI = 1·06, 1·43) or malnourished patients without TSF assessment (HR = 1·31, 95 % CI = 1·14, 1·50). These associations were concentrated among those patients with adequate muscle mass (as indicated by the calf circumference). Additional fat mass assessment using the TSF enhances the prognostic value of the GLIM criteria. Using the population-derived thresholds for the TSF may provide significant prognostic value when used in combination with the GLIM criteria to guide strategies to optimise the long-term outcomes in patients with LC.
Do Alpha Males Deliver Alpha? Facial Width-to-Height Ratio and Hedge Funds
Authors: Lu Yan , Teo Melvyn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn abundance of evidence relates facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) to masculine behaviors in males. We show that hedge funds operated by high-fWHR managers underperform those operated by low-fWHR managers, bear greater downside risk, are more susceptible to fire sales, and fail more often. High-fWHR managers compensate for their underperformance by marketing their funds more aggressively, thereby garnering higher flows and fee revenues. By exploiting major personal events that shape testosterone, namely marriage and fatherhood, we trace the biological mechanism underlying the relation between fWHR and investment performance to circulating testosterone. Our findings are robust and extend to equity mutual funds.
Highlighting the interplay of microRNAs from Leishmania parasites and infected-host cells
Authors: Rashidi Sajad , Mansouri Reza , Ali-Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Ghani Esmaeel , Barazesh Afshin , Karimazar Mohammadreza , Nguewa Paul , Carrera Silva Eugenio Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLeishmania parasites, the causative agents of leishmaniasis, are protozoan parasites with the ability to modify the signalling pathway and cell responses of their infected host cells. These parasite strategies alter the host cell environment and conditions favouring their replication, survival and pathogenesis. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression processes, these biomolecules can exert critical roles in controlling Leishmania-host cell interplay. Therefore, the identification of relevant miRNAs differentially expressed in Leishmania parasites as well as in infected cells, which affect the host fitness, could be critical to understand the infection biology, pathogenicity and immune response against these parasites. Accordingly, the current review aims to address the differentially expressed miRNAs in both, the parasite and infected host cells and how these biomolecules change cell signalling and host immune responses during infection. A deep understanding of these processes could provide novel guidelines and therapeutic strategies for managing and treating leishmaniasis.
Ogilvie's syndrome presented with delirium in an older lady with corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Mutlay Feyza , Kaya Derya , Isik Ahmet Turan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveCorticobasal syndrome (CBS) is one of an atypical parkinsonian syndromes characterized by extrapyramidal features as well as cortical involvement signs. A variety of factors may lead to delirium in older adults with chronic progressive life-limiting neurological illnesses like CBS. Ogilvie's syndrome (OS) is an acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in which abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, and constipation can be seen. We report a case of OS identified as the underlying possible cause of delirium in an 80-year-old woman with CBS. We also discuss the importance of holistic approach which is essential to manage the underlying cause and to preserve the quality of life in particular for the frail geriatric population who potentially needs palliative care or already benefits from palliative care.MethodAn older patient with CBS presented with symptoms similar to that of acute colonic obstruction and subsequently developed delirium. The patient was found to have colonic pseudo-obstruction (OS).ResultNeostigmin infusion was therefore given to treat it and delirium was resolved.Significance of resultsTo the best of our knowledge, clinical manifestation of delirium as OS in a patient with CBS has not been previously reported. OS may be superimposed to CBS in older patients, and OS in such patients may play a role as a precipitating factor for the development of delirium. Given the fact that CBS is progressive and rare neurodegenerative disease and almost all of these patients need palliative care, eventually, health-care professionals, especially in palliative care, should be aware of distinctive challenges of life-limiting chronic neurological illnesses, such as conditions that may lead to the development of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction because the rapid treatment of them prevents the use of potentially harmful drugs, surgical procedures, or inappropriate interventions.
Attention-based deep learning networks for identification of human gait using radar micro-Doppler spectrograms
Authors: Doherty Hannah Garcia , Burgueño Roberto Arnaiz , Trommel Roeland P. , Papanastasiou Vasileios , Harmanny Ronny I. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIdentification of human individuals within a group of 39 persons using micro-Doppler (μ-D) features has been investigated. Deep convolutional neural networks with two different training procedures have been used to perform classification. Visualization of the inner network layers revealed the sections of the input image most relevant when determining the class label of the target. A convolutional block attention module is added to provide a weighted feature vector in the channel and feature dimension, highlighting the relevant μ-D feature-filled areas in the image and improving classification performance.
Dielectric-loaded L-band filters for high-power space applications
Authors: Vallerotonda Paolo , Cacciamani Fabrizio , Pelliccia Luca , Cazzorla Alessandro , Tiradossi Davide , Steffè Walter , Vitulli Francesco , Picchione Elio , Galdeano Jaione , Martìn-Iglesias Petronilo , Tomassoni Cristiano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe design and first experimental results of Tx and Rx L-band bandpass filters for a high-power satellite diplexer are presented in this paper. Designed in the framework of an ESA ARTES AT project, the filters are based on TM010 mode dielectric resonators. These resonators allow for better results in terms of volume occupation with respect to other dielectric resonators still maintaining high Q-factor values (>2000). Volume saving above 30% is achieved with respect to standard coaxial filters. The filter geometries and materials have been chosen in order to improve the power-handling and to cope with related critical issues for space applications (i.e. avoid any multipactor discharge in the operating RF power range and low-PIM response). Measurements of Tx filter show good correlation with the design in terms of central frequency, BW, and unloaded Q-factor (almost 3000). Measurements of Rx filter show a worse correlation with the design in terms of filter response shape. This is ascribed to size tolerances of one of the filter resonators. Multiple analyses are ongoing to remove this degradation in the final engineering model.
How to support German cities in implementing the SDGs: learning from and about co-design
Authors: Krellenberg Kerstin , Koch Florian 
Published: July 2021

Non-technical summaryScientists often argue that today's efforts towards sustainability in cities call for a strong exchange on knowledge with non-scientific actors. But do urban practitioners think the same way? Do they see the need for scientific support in their work? In our research, we directly asked these questions to urban practitioners. This article evolves around their answers and describes the activities we conducted in order to start the necessary discussion with them.Technical summaryGiven the challenges cities are facing in their efforts towards sustainability, we scrutinize if urban practitioners believe that scientific knowledge can support them in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and if, how. To find evidence, we conducted a ‘co-design’ approach in Future Earth in terms of knowledge production, targeting at German cities. In consequence, the aims of this article are twofold. First, we aim at describing the implementation of the co-design process itself as a potentially useful tool for the interaction with urban practitioners and the evaluation of their specific needs. Second, we present the main results of the co-design process and its contribution for SDG implementation in cities. Combining the two aims, we argue for novel research approaches that allow for more collaborative activities as well as for adequate funding opportunities in the light of urban sustainability transformations.Media summaryCo-design to support SDG implementation in cities towards sustainability transformations.
Coeval Drying Across the Central Tropical Pacific Over the Last Millennium
Authors: Wyman D. A. , Conroy J. L. , Osburn M. R. , Atwood A. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydroclimatic variability in the tropical Pacific reflects large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere processes that imprint on global climate, but tropical Pacific hydroclimate variability over the last millennium remains uncertain. Here we present a multi‐proxy reconstruction from a lacustrine sediment record on Kiritimati Atoll that spans the last millennium. A lake salinity reconstruction from the δ2H values of total lipid extracts, combined with changes in sediment mineralogy and the stable isotopic composition of inorganic carbonates, indicate the presence of several distinct hydrologic regimes on Kiritimati, including a period of persistent aridity from 960–1030 CE, shorter episodes of aridity from 1030–1370 CE, and extreme aridity throughout the latter half of the last millennium, from 1370–1970 CE, that drove complete evaporation of the lake. A period of wetter, variable conditions defines recent decades. Compound‐specific lipid biomarker δ2H values indicate that shifts in microbial community structure occurred in the past, from a community dominated by photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic organisms in more arid periods to a more metabolically diverse community in the recent period. Comparison of this record with nearby sediment records from Washington Island reveals a similar pattern of aridity through the last millennium, followed by wetter conditions in the modern period. These coherent changes in hydroclimate in the central Pacific are inconsistent with a migration of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone within these latitudes. Rather, past aridity was caused by reduced El Niño‐Southern Oscillation variability, observed through the low‐pass filter of lacustrine records, or by multidecadal to multi‐century strengthening of the Pacific Walker Circulation.
Using the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to Study Very Low Frequency Transmission in the Earth‐Ionosphere Waveguide: 1. Comparison With a Full‐Wave Model
Authors: Jacobson Abram R. , Holzworth Robert H. , Brundell James B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate a novel way to quantify Very Low Frequency transmission in the Earth‐Ionosphere Waveguide, using data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). The lightning signals from intense and long‐duration storm clusters are recorded at several stations. Any individual stroke amplitude is in principle unknown, so that the recorded electric field from that stroke varies semi‐randomly from the recorded field due to other strokes from that storm cluster. Thus, it is not possible to straightforwardly infer the channel characteristics from a stroke recorded at a single station. However, if two stations record the signal from the same stroke, then the inter‐station ratio of the recorded amplitude on the two fixed propagation paths is (in the absence of noise) independent of source power. We develop a procedure to provide information on time‐variations in the waveguide transmission, using an approach based on ratios of amplitudes from pair of stations which record the same strokes. These amplitude‐ratio data are then compared to an existing model of full‐wave Very Low Frequency reflection from the underside of the ionosphere.
Kinectin 1 promotes the growth of triple-negative breast cancer via directly co-activating NF-kappaB/p65 and enhancing its transcriptional activity
Authors: Gao Lin , Chen Shanze , Hong Malin , Zhou Wenbin , Wang Bilan , Qiu Junying , Xia Jinquan , Zhao Pan , Fu Li , Wang Jigang , Dai Yong , Xie Ni , Yang Qinhe , Huang Hsien-Da , Gao Xiang , Zou Chang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging subtype of breast cancer. Various endeavor has been made to explore the molecular biology basis of TNBC. Herein, we reported a novel function of factor Kinectin 1 (KTN1) as a carcinogenic promoter in TNBC. KTN1 expression in TNBC was increased compared with adjacent tissues or luminal or Her2 subtypes of breast cancer, and TNBC patients with high KTN1 expression have poor prognosis. In functional studies, knockdown of KTN1 inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of TNBC both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of KTN1 promoted cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the interaction of cytokine-cytokine receptor, particularly CXCL8 gene, was upregulated by KTN1, which was supported by the further experiments. CXCL8 depletion inhibited the tumorigenesis and progression of TNBC. Additionally, rescue experiments validated that KTN1-mediated cell growth acceleration in TNBC was dependent on CXCL8 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it was found that KTN1 enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65 protein at Ser536 site, and specifically bound to NF-κB/p65 protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. Moreover, the transcription of CXCL8 gene was directly upregulated by the complex of KTN1 and NF-κB/p65 protein. Taken together, our results elucidated a novel mechanism of KTN1 gene in TNBC tumorigenesis and progression. KTN1 may be a potential molecular target for the development of TNBC treatment.