bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term kidney function of patients discharged from hospital after an intensive care admission: observational cohort study
Authors: Haines Ryan W. , Powell-Tuck Jonah , Leonard Hugh , Crichton Siobhan , Ostermann Marlies 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe long-term trajectory of kidney function recovery or decline for survivors of critical illness is incompletely understood. Characterising changes in kidney function after critical illness and associated episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI), could inform strategies to monitor and treat new or progressive chronic kidney disease. We assessed changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and impact of AKI for 1301 critical care survivors with 5291 eGFR measurements (median 3 [IQR 2, 5] per patient) between hospital discharge (2004–2008) and end of 7 years of follow-up. Linear mixed effects models showed initial decline in eGFR over the first 6 months was greatest in patients without AKI (− 9.5%, 95% CI − 11.5% to − 7.4%) and with mild AKI (− 12.3%, CI − 15.1% to − 9.4%) and least in patients with moderate-severe AKI (− 4.3%, CI − 7.0% to − 1.4%). However, compared to patients without AKI, hospital discharge eGFR was lowest for the moderate-severe AKI group (median 61 [37, 96] vs 101 [78, 120] ml/min/1.73m2) and two thirds (66.5%, CI 59.8–72.6% vs 9.2%, CI 6.8–12.4%) had an eGFR of < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 through to 7 years after discharge. Kidney function trajectory after critical care discharge follows a distinctive pattern of initial drop then sustained decline. Regardless of AKI severity, this evidence suggests follow-up should incorporate monitoring of eGFR in the early months after hospital discharge.
d-Cystine di(m)ethyl ester reverses the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilation and arterial blood gas chemistry while promoting antinociception
Authors: Gaston Benjamin , Baby Santhosh M. , May Walter J. , Young Alex P. , Grossfield Alan , Bates James N. , Seckler James M. , Wilson Christopher G. , Lewis Stephen J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe have identified thiolesters that reverse the negative effects of opioids on breathing without compromising antinociception. Here we report the effects of d-cystine diethyl ester (d-cystine diEE) or d-cystine dimethyl ester (d-cystine diME) on morphine-induced changes in ventilation, arterial-blood gas chemistry, A-a gradient (index of gas-exchange in the lungs) and antinociception in freely moving rats. Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) elicited negative effects on breathing (e.g., depression of tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow, and inspiratory drive). Subsequent injection of d-cystine diEE (500 μmol/kg, IV) elicited an immediate and sustained reversal of these effects of morphine. Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) also elicited pronounced decreases in arterial blood pH, pO2 and sO2 accompanied by pronounced increases in pCO2 (all indicative of a decrease in ventilatory drive) and A-a gradient (mismatch in ventilation-perfusion in the lungs). These effects of morphine were reversed in an immediate and sustained fashion by d-cystine diME (500 μmol/kg, IV). Finally, the duration of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg, IV) antinociception was augmented by d-cystine diEE. d-cystine diEE and d-cystine diME may be clinically useful agents that can effectively reverse the negative effects of morphine on breathing and gas-exchange in the lungs while promoting antinociception. Our study suggests that the d-cystine thiolesters are able to differentially modulate the intracellular signaling cascades that mediate morphine-induced ventilatory depression as opposed to those that mediate morphine-induced antinociception and sedation.
Comparison of the triglyceride glucose index and blood leukocyte indices as predictors of metabolic syndrome in healthy Chinese population
Authors: Lin Hai-Yan , Zhang Xiu-Juan , Liu Yu-Mei , Geng Ling-Yun , Guan Li-Ying , Li Xiao-Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTriglyceride glucose (TyG) index and inflammatory markers are reported to have a positive association with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no previous study has assessed the value of TyG index and inflammatory markers as predictors of metabolic syndrome in the same study. This study looks at the comparison of the triglyceride index and blood leukocyte indices as predictors of metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population. The study cohort involved 1542 Chinese population without metabolic syndrome. The subjects underwent comprehensive routine health examination in 2011 and returned for a follow-up examination in 2016. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Chinese Diabetes Society criteria, using body mass index for the replacement of waist circumference. TyG index, total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured. Adjust d logistic models were used to assess the relationship between TyG index, blood leukocyte indices, and incident MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine the predictive value of TyG index and blood leukocyte indices for MetS. Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, in the adjusted model, the subjects with the highest quartile of TyG index and neutrophils had a 3.894- and 1.663-fold increased incidence of MetS (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.027), respectively. No significant association was observed between total leukocytes, lymphocytes, NLR with incident MetS. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of TyG index and neutrophils were 0.674 and 0.568 for incident MetS, respectively. TyG index rather than blood leukocyte indices may have the strongest predictive value in MetS development over a 5-year period.
Thermoelectric transports in pristine and functionalized boron phosphide monolayers
Authors: Li Min-Shan , Mo Dong-Chuan , Lyu Shu-Shen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, a new monolayer Group III–V material, two-dimensional boron phosphide (BP), has shown great potential for energy storage and energy conversion applications. We study the thermoelectric properties of BP monolayer as well as the effect of functionalization by first-principles calculation and Boltzmann transport theory. Combined with a moderate bandgap of 0.90 eV and ultra-high carrier mobility, a large ZT value of 0.255 at 300 K is predicted for two-dimensional BP. While the drastically reduced thermal conductivity in hydrogenated and fluorinated BP is favored for thermoelectric conversion, the decreased carrier mobility has limited the improvement of thermoelectric figure of merit.
Comparison of auditory sensations in patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification surgery in the first and second eye
Authors: Konopińska Joanna , Ługowska Dorota , Mariak Zofia , Obuchowska Iwona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo compare subjective auditory sensations of patients during the first and second eye cataract surgeries. Consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification of the first eye (group I) and second eye (group II) completed questionnaires designed to evaluate their auditory sensations in the operating room including background music, sound of working equipment, staff conversations, and surgeon’s voice. This study included 124 patients in group I and 76 patients in group II. Patients most often heard nursing staff’s conversations (91.9% and 96%, respectively, p > 0.05), surgeon’s voice (87.9% and 86.8%, respectively, p > 0.05), and music (70.9% and 75%, respectively, p > 0.05). Music was the most pleasant experience (78.2% and 78.9%, respectively, p > 0.05). The sound of the working phacoemulsifier was the most undesirable sound (20.2% and 15.8%, respectively, p > 0.05). Patients in group II more often indicated that none of the sounds required elimination (69.7% and 52.6%, respectively, p = 0.013) or that staff conversations should be eliminated (13.2% and 3.1%, respectively, p = 0.005). The most desirable sounds during phacoemulsification include music and the surgeon’s voice regarding the procedure. The most unpleasant sound was that that of phacoemulsifier. The commonest sounds to be eliminated in groups I and II included those of equipment and staff conversations.
Homopeptide and homocodon levels across fungi are coupled to GC/AT-bias and intrinsic disorder, with unique behaviours for some amino acids
Authors: Wang Yue , Harrison Paul M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHomopeptides (runs of one amino-acid type) are evolutionarily important since they are prone to expand/contract during DNA replication, recombination and repair. To gain insight into the genomic/proteomic traits driving their variation, we analyzed how homopeptides and homocodons (which are pure codon repeats) vary across 405 Dikarya, and probed their linkage to genome GC/AT bias and other factors. We find that amino-acid homopeptide frequencies vary diversely between clades, with the AT-rich Saccharomycotina trending distinctly. As organisms evolve, homocodon and homopeptide numbers are majorly coupled to GC/AT-bias, exhibiting a bi-furcated correlation with degree of AT- or GC-bias. Mid-GC/AT genomes tend to have markedly fewer simply because they are mid-GC/AT. Despite these trends, homopeptides tend to be GC-biased relative to other parts of coding sequences, even in AT-rich organisms, indicating they absorb AT bias less or are inherently more GC-rich. The most frequent and most variable homopeptide amino acids favour intrinsic disorder, and there are an opposing correlation and anti-correlation versus homopeptide levels for intrinsic disorder and structured-domain content respectively. Specific homopeptides show unique behaviours that we suggest are linked to inherent slippage probabilities during DNA replication and recombination, such as poly-glutamine, which is an evolutionarily very variable homopeptide with a codon repertoire unbiased for GC/AT, and poly-lysine whose homocodons are overwhelmingly made from the codon AAG.
Sequential production of gametes during meiosis in trypanosomes
Authors: Peacock Lori , Kay Chris , Farren Chloe , Bailey Mick , Carrington Mark , Gibson Wendy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeiosis is a core feature of eukaryotes that occurs in all major groups, including the early diverging excavates. In this group, meiosis and production of haploid gametes have been described in the pathogenic protist, Trypanosoma brucei, and mating occurs in the salivary glands of the insect vector, the tsetse fly. Here, we searched for intermediate meiotic stages among trypanosomes from tsetse salivary glands. Many different cell types were recovered, including trypanosomes in Meiosis I and gametes. Significantly, we found trypanosomes containing three nuclei with a 1:2:1 ratio of DNA contents. Some of these cells were undergoing cytokinesis, yielding a mononucleate gamete and a binucleate cell with a nuclear DNA content ratio of 1:2. This cell subsequently produced three more gametes in two further rounds of division. Expression of the cell fusion protein HAP2 (GCS1) was not confined to gametes, but also extended to meiotic intermediates. We propose a model whereby the two nuclei resulting from Meiosis I undergo asynchronous Meiosis II divisions with sequential production of haploid gametes.
Ionic polaron in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Astrakharchik Grigory E. , Ardila Luis A. Peña , Schmidt Richard , Jachymski Krzysztof , Negretti Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe presence of strong interactions in a many-body quantum system can lead to a variety of exotic effects. Here we show that even in a comparatively simple setup consisting of a charged impurity in a weakly interacting bosonic medium the competition of length scales gives rise to a highly correlated mesoscopic state. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we unravel its vastly different polaronic properties compared to neutral quantum impurities. Moreover, we identify a transition between the regime amenable to conventional perturbative treatment in the limit of weak atom-ion interactions and a many-body bound state with vanishing quasi-particle residue composed of hundreds of atoms. In order to analyze the structure of the corresponding states, we examine the atom-ion and atom-atom correlation functions which both show nontrivial properties. Our findings are directly relevant to experiments using hybrid atom-ion setups that have recently attained the ultracold regime.
Late Holocene canyon-carving floods in northern Iceland were smaller than previously reported
Authors: van der Bilt Willem G. M. , Barr Iestyn D. , Berben Sarah M. P. , Hennekam Rick , Lane Timothy , Adamson Kathryn , Bakke Jostein 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCatastrophic floods have formed deep bedrock canyons on Earth, but the relationship between peak discharge and bedrock erosion is not clearly understood. This hinders efforts to use geological evidence of these cataclysmic events to constrain their magnitude – a prerequisite for impact assessments. Here, we combine proxy evidence from slackwater sediments with topographic models and hydraulic simulations to constrain the Late Holocene flood history of the Jökulsá á Fjöllum river in northern Iceland. We date floods to 3.5, 1.5 and 1.35 thousand years ago and confirm that flow peaks during these events were at most a third of previous estimates. Nevertheless, exposure ages suggests that nearby knickpoints retreated by more than 2 km during these floods. These findings support a growing consensus that the extent of bedrock erosion is not necessarily controlled by discharge and that canyon-carving floods may be smaller than typically assumed.
Surveillance video motion segmentation based on the progressive spatio‐temporal tunnel flow model
Authors: Zhang Yunzuo , Li Wenxuan , Yang Panliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotion segmentation is the first and important step of surveillance video summarisation, and traditional motion segmentation methods usually process all video data, which seriously affects the real‐time performance of video synopsis. To address this issue, a novel method of surveillance video motion segmentation based on the progressive spatio‐temporal tunnel (STT) flow model is proposed in this letter. Unlike traditional video segmentation methods, the proposed one only analyses the pixels on the circular sampling lines of video frames. Initially, the circular progressive STT is established by sampling pixels progressively. Subsequently, the progressive STT is expanded to form an STT expansion diagram and the STT expansion diagram is modelled as progressive STT flow. Finally, surveillance video motion fragments are segmented according to the progressive STT flow model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of time consumption. This is accomplished with a comparable motion segmentation precision.
Expected performances of the PROBA-3/ASPIICS solar coronagraph: Simulated data
Authors: Shestov S. V. , Zhukov A. N. , Inhester B. , Dolla L. , Mierla M. 
Published: May 2021

Context.The Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun (ASPIICS) is a novel externally occulted solar coronagraph that will be launched on board the Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA-3) mission in 2023. The external occulter will be placed on the first satellite ∼150 m ahead of the second satellite, which will carry an optical instrument. During 6 hours per orbit, the satellites will fly in a precise formation and will constitute a giant externally occulted coronagraph. The large distance between the external occulter and the primary objective will allow observations of the white-light solar corona starting from extremely low heights of ∼1.1 R⊙.Aims.Developing and testing of algorithms for the scientific image processing requires understanding of all the optics-related and detector-related effects of the coronagraph, development of appropriate physical and numerical models, and preparation of simulated images that include all these effects. At the same time, an analysis of the simulated data gives valuable information about the performance of the instrument, the suitable observation regime, and the amount of telemetry.Methods.We used available physical models of the instrument and implemented them as a software to generate simulated data. We analyzed intermediate and complete simulated images to obtain a better understanding of the performance of ASPIICS, in particular, to predict its photometric sensitivity, effect of noise, suitable exposure times, etc.Results.The proposed models and algorithms are used not only to create the simulated data, but also to form the basis for the scientific processing algorithms to be applied during on-ground ASPIICS data processing. We discuss the possible effect of noise and the uncertainty of the calibration factors on the accuracy of final data, and propose suitable exposure times.
Withanone Ameliorates Stress Symptoms in Caenorhabditis Elegans by Acting through Serotonin Receptors
Authors: Naß Janine , Efferth Thomas 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction Depression is responsible for 800 000 deaths
worldwide, a number that will rise significantly due to the COVID-19
pandemic. Affordable novel drugs with less severe side effects are urgently
required. We investigated the effect of withanone (WN) from Withania
somnifera on the serotonin system of wild-type and knockout Caenorhabditis
elegans strains using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods.
Methods WN or fluoxetine (as positive control drug) was administered
to wild-type (N2) and knockout C. elegans strains (AQ866, DA1814, DA2100,
DA2109, and MT9772) to determine their effect on oxidative stress (Trolox,
H2DCFDA, and juglone assays) on osmotic stress and heat
stress and lifespan. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was applied to
investigate the effect of WN or fluoxetine on the expression of serotonin
receptors (ser-1, ser-4, ser-7) and serotonin transporter
(mod-5). The binding affinity of WN to serotonin receptors and
transporter was analyzed in silico using AutoDock 4.2.6.
Results WN scavenged ROS in wild-type and knockout C. elegans and
prolonged their lifespan. WN upregulated the expression of serotonin
receptor and transporter genes. In silico analyses revealed high binding
affinities of WN to Ser-1, Ser-4, Ser-7, and Mod-5.
Limitations Further studies are needed to prove whether the results
from C. elegans are transferrable to mammals and human beings.
Conclusion WN ameliorated depressive-associated stress symptoms by
activating the serotonin system. WN may serve as potential candidate in
developing new drugs to treat depression.
Acute Response of Sclerostin to Whole-body Vibration with Blood Flow
Restriction
Authors: Gapper Kyle S , Stevens Sally , Antoni Rona , Hunt Julie , Allison Sarah J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBlood flow restriction may augment the skeletal response to whole-body
vibration. This study used a randomised, crossover design to investigate the
acute response of serum sclerostin and bone turnover biomarkers to
whole-body vibration with blood flow restriction. Ten healthy males
(mean±standard deviation; age: 27±8 years) completed two
experimental conditions separated by 7 days: (i) whole-body vibration (10
1-minute bouts of whole-body vibration with 30 s recovery) or (ii)
whole-body vibration with lower-body blood flow restriction (10 cycles of
110 mmHg inflation with 30 s deflation during recovery). Fasting blood
samples were obtained immediately before and immediately after exercise,
then 1 hour, and 24 hours after exercise. Serum samples were analysed for
sclerostin, cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and
bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. There was a significant time ×
condition interaction for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
(p=0.003); bone-specific alkaline phosphatase values at 24 hours
post-exercise were significantly higher following whole-body vibration
compared to combined whole-body vibration and blood flow restriction
(p=0.028). No significant time × condition interaction
occurred for any other outcome measure (p>0.05). These findings
suggest that a single session of whole-body vibration combined with blood
flow restriction does not significantly affect serum sclerostin or bone
turnover biomarkers.
Iridium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Borylation of 8-Arylquinolines
Authors: Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Hassan Mirja Md Mahamudul , Hoque Md Emdadul , Dey Sayan , Guria Saikat , Roy Brindaban 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report a convenient method for the highly site-selective borylation of 8-arylquinoline. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 and 2-phenylpyridine derived ligand using bis(pinacolato)diborane as the borylating agent. The reactions occur with high selectivity with many functional groups, providing a series of borylated 8-aryl quinolines with good to excellent yield and excellent selectivity. The borylated compounds formed in this method can be transformed into various important synthons by using known transformations.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones via 1,3-Dipolar [3+2] Cycloadditions between Pyrazolone-Based Olefins and N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imines
Authors: Zhao Hong-Wu , Tang Zhe , Wu Hui-Hui , Fan Xiao-Zu , Zhang Heng , Cai Lu-Yu , Bi Xiao-Fan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnder the catalysis of PhCO2H, the 1,3-dipolar [3+2] cyclo­addition between pyrazolone-based olefins and N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines proceeded readily, thus delivering structurally novel spiropyrazolones with up to 98% yield and >20:1 dr. The relative stereochemical configuration of the obtained spiropyrazolones was unambiguously ­assigned by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis. The diastereoselective formation of the title spiropyrazolones was interpreted by the hypothesized reaction mechanism.
Chromium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions by Selective Activation of Chemically Inert Aromatic C–O, C–N, and C–H Bonds
Authors: Zeng Xiaoming , Cong Xuefeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as one of the most powerful and useful tools for the formation of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds. Given the shortage of resources of precious metals on Earth, the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts in developing cost-effective strategies for cross-coupling is a current trend in synthetic chemistry. Compared with the achievements made using first-row nickel, iron, cobalt, and even manganese catalysts, the group 6 metal chromium has rarely been used to promote cross-coupling. This perspective covers recent advances in chromium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in transformations of chemically inert C(aryl)–O, C(aryl)–N, and C(aryl)–H bonds, offering selective strategies for molecule construction. The ability of low-valent Cr with a high-spin state to participate in two-electron oxidative addition is highlighted; this is different from the mechanism involving single-electron transfer that is usually assigned to chromium-mediated transformations.1	Introduction2	Chromium-Catalyzed Kumada Coupling of Nonactivated C(aryl)–O and C(aryl)–N Bonds3	Chromium-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Two Nonactivated C(aryl)–Heteroatom Bonds4	Chromium-Catalyzed Functionalization of Nonactivated C(aryl)–H Bonds5	Conclusions and Outlook
Cesium Carbonate Mediated Cyclization of Oxotryptamines with Allenoates: An Approach to Spiro[azepane-4,3′-indol]-2′(1′H)-ones
Authors: Shi Min , Yang Ze-ren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new method was developed for the synthesis of spiro[azepane-4,3′-indol]-2′(1′H)-ones in yields of up to 96% with a broad substrate scope by using oxotryptamines as dual-nucleophilic reagents to react with allenoates in the presence of cesium carbonate under mild conditions. In accord with previous works and a deprotonation-tracing experiment, a plausible reaction mechanism is proposed.