bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On quasilinear elliptic problems with finite or infinite potential wells
Authors: Liu Shibo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We consider quasilinear elliptic problems of the form

−
div

(

ϕ

(

∣

∇

u
∣

)

∇

u

)

+
V

(

x

)

ϕ

(

∣
u
∣

)

u
=
f

(

u

)

,

u
∈

W

1
,
Φ

(

R

N

)

,

-{\rm{div}}\hspace{0.33em}(\phi \left(| \nabla u| )\nabla u)+V\left(x)\phi \left(| u| )u=f\left(u),\hspace{1.0em}u\in {W}^{1,\Phi }\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}),

where

ϕ

\phi

and

f

f

satisfy suitable conditions. The positive potential

V
∈
C

(

R

N

)

V\in C\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N})

exhibits a finite or infinite potential well in the sense that

V

(

x

)

V\left(x)

tends to its supremum

V

∞

≤
+
∞

{V}_{\infty }\le +\infty

as

∣
x
∣
→
∞

| x| \to \infty

. Nontrivial solutions are obtained by variational methods. When

V

∞

=
+
∞

{V}_{\infty }=+\infty

, a compact embedding from a suitable subspace of

W

1
,
Φ

(

R

N

)

{W}^{1,\Phi }\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N})

into

L

Φ

(

R

N

)

{L}^{\Phi }\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N})

is established, which enables us to get infinitely many solutions for the case that

f

f

is odd. For the case that

V

(

x

)

=
λ
a

(

x

)

+
1

V\left(x)=\lambda a\left(x)+1

exhibits a steep potential well controlled by a positive parameter

λ

\lambda

, we get nontrivial solutions for large

λ

\lambda

.
Syntheses and molecular structures of some di(amidino)monosilanes
Authors: Bös Markus , Herbig Marcus , Böhme Uwe , Kroke Edwin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe syntheses of three different amidinosilanes of the type Me2Si[N=C(Ph)R]2with R = pyrrolidino, morpholino, and diethylamino and one derivative with the composition R2Si[N=C(Ph)R]2with R = morpholino are reported. These compounds were prepared in one-pot syntheses including three consecutive steps. All products are analysed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, and Raman spectroscopy. The Si–N=C–N units of these compounds show characteristic structural features and cause a significant high field shift of the29Si NMR signals.
When (Not) to Trade with Autocrats: Complicity, Exploitation, and Human Rights
Authors: Ip Kevin K. W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Transnational trade is at the heart of the global economy. Trade relations often transcend both ideological divides and regime type. Trading with autocratic regimes, however, raises significant moral issues. In their recent book, On Trade Justice, Mathias Risse and Gabriel Wollner argue that trade with autocratic regimes is morally permissible only under a very limited set of circumstances. This article discusses the morally permissible trade policies that liberal democracies ought to adopt toward autocratic regimes. Liberal democracies trading with autocratic regimes have a special obligation to improve the human rights conditions in these regimes. This duty is partly based on their complicity in human rights violations and on the fact that the democracies benefit from these violations in their trading relationships. Their responsibility goes beyond the improvement of labor conditions and requires various strategies such as imposing trade sanctions and export controls, and making trade conditional on human rights performance.
VOT production, writing skills, and general proficiency in multilingual learners of French: approaching the intertwinement of different linguistic levels
Authors: Gabriel Christoph , Klinger Thorsten , Usanova Irina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigate the interrelations between pronunciation and writing skills in French as a foreign language produced by two groups of bilingual learners (German-Russian; German-Turkish) and a monolingually raised German control group (each n = 10). As an indicator of the learners’ pronunciation skills, we refer to a perceptually relevant acoustic feature of stop production, “Voice Onset Time” (VOT). Our aim is to explore whether the learners’ proficiency at the level of pronunciation is mirrored in (1) their global language competencies and (2) their writing skills. We applied an extreme-cases approach based on the learners’ VOT productions in L3 French. Both positive and negative deviations from the French target pronunciation were found in all groups. In orthography, bilinguals showed lower correctness scores as compared to monolinguals. The VOT measurements yielded more target-like results for the bilinguals. For the monolinguals, the results reveal no correlation between pronunciation and general language proficiency as well as writing skills. In the bilinguals the investigated phenomena were more interrelated. Our analysis of semi-focused interviews conducted with all participants revealed that more target-like VOT productions correlate with a greater degree of phonological and multilingual awareness. This suggests that phonological and cross-linguistic awareness should be fostered in today’s multilingual classrooms.
Cardboard Coffins and Vaults of Gold: Debt, Obligation and Scandal in Ecuador’s Response to Covid-19
Authors: Rayner Jeremy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As the first cases of COVID-19 appeared in Guayaquil—foreshadowing one of world’s most devastating outbreaks—the Ecuadorian government paid $324 billion to bondholders, while forgoing much needed investment in pandemic preparation. This was the opening round for a series of struggles over the costs of containment and treatment of the virus; conflicts over debts foreign and domestic, taxes and corruption, wages and working conditions, and the control of public space. While the pandemic provided a context for the renegotiation of public and social obligations, however, the outcome was that the burden of pandemic containment was placed on those least able to sustain it— especially precariously employed, informal sector workers—deepening existing inequalities at the cost of lives and livelihoods. This paper addresses how this process was manifested through controversies in public culture, including traditional and social media, finding that the predominance of middle class and elite interests and preoccupations— together with the prevalence of scandal as a genre—sidelined the defense of popular lives and livelihoods and reinforcing systemic inequalities.
Estimation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
Authors: Aroussi Abdelkrim , Megharbi Ahmed , Khaled Meghit Boumediene , Labdouni Hadj , Diafi Kadi , Ramdani Fatima-Zohra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sheep are considered as an important reservoir of human Toxoplasma gondii infections, although more recent data on the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep in Algeria are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep to obtain a better insight into the importance of sheep as reservoirs of human infection. A commercial ELISA kit, which detects antibodies against T. gondii, was utilized to test 269 sera collected from yearling sheep in the municipal slaughterhouse of Sidi-Bel-Abbes city between October 2020 and February 2021. Simultaneously, we assessed the cut-off as recommended by the manufacturer (S/P>50%) and the bootstrap statistical model to estimate the optimal cut-off value (OD = 0.12). The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 34.2% (92/269) using the ELISA kit cut-off and 50.5% (136/269) using the bootstrapped cut-off, being significantly higher compared to sheep from other regions in Algeria. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep was elevated, constituting, therefore, a major public health concern, as sheep meat could be a significant source of T. gondii infection for human consumers. Further studies are required to estimate the impact of abortion among livestock animals caused by T. gondii infection such as sheep, where it could lead to considerable economic losses.
Common Barriers, Attitudes, and Practices of Veterinary Practitioners Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Sahidur , Rafa Nazifa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The perceived risk of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens creates the necessity for understanding the role of the prescriber groups. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among veterinary practitioners to assess their understanding regarding antimicrobial prescribing and the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock. We collected responses from 100 veterinarians engaged in the large animal, poultry, and pet animal care practices. Proportions were calculated for categorical variables and the results were visualized. We revealed two key barriers: a lack of enough information and of training on the proper prescription of antimicrobials. Prescribing a wide variety of antimicrobials and doing incomplete courses of antimicrobial treatments were two very important causes pointed out by the respondents for the development of antimicrobial resistance. A number of highest-priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) of human health were found to be used by veterinary practitioners. In addition to clinical features like types of organisms and severity of the disease, the availability of drugs in the local market and the economic conditions of farmers have the potential to influence the decisions of veterinarians in prescribing antimicrobials. The professional development of veterinarians and the maintenance of strong coordination are crucial to ensure the proper engagement of veterinarians as the front-line fighters for tackling the AMR issue.
The Effects of Agricultural Income Shocks on Forced Migration: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Palacios Paola , Pérez-Uribe Miguel A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The forced migration literature has acknowledged violence as the main driver of internal displacement in the context of armed conflicts. Nonetheless, scant attention has been devoted to the role of income, a factor identified by the standard economic literature as the key driver of voluntary migration. This study aims to fill in this gap by investigating the impact of agricultural income shocks on the number of internally displaced persons fleeing from violence, in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. To address the possible endogeneity between forced migration and income, we use the standardized deviation of rainfall from its historic mean as an instrumental variable for municipal agricultural income. Our main results suggest that the elasticity of forced migration with respect to agricultural income shocks is unitary. This finding highlights the fact that forced migration is the result of a complex decision-making process where violence interacts with individual characteristics and environmental factors. Therefore, public policies aimed at reducing forced migration from rural to urban areas should develop comprehensive strategies that not only improve security conditions at the place of origin but also enhance agricultural productivity and provide access to risk-coping mechanisms for farmers.
Medical students and habits of access to information
Authors: Sen Egemen , Sahin Hatice 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Today’s trainers met with technologies later in their life and these were not available before however trainers learned to use them. Students, on the contrary were born to the environment that these devices were widely used, technology-internet is one of the indispensable elements of life today. The aim of this study is to analyze medical students’ habit of accessing to information at Ege University.

Methods
The research is in cross-sectional design. The research data were collected from the students of Ege University Medical Faculty. A 17-item questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results
A total of 293 students responded to the survey. All of the students have at least one technological product to reach information. While 79.9% of the students stated that they have the ability of multitasking, 55.3% of the students indicated that they were able to focus less than 25 min. A majority (68.3%) of the students use technology in all areas of life, while 46.6% of the students use technology in the area of education.

Conclusions
The knowledge that there may be changes in learning and teaching between generations is especially important for medical education. Nowadays, educators in medical education are generation X while students are generation Y-Z. The educators should be aware of these differences and manage rationally.
Perirhinal and Postrhinal Damage Have Different Consequences on Attention as Assessed in the Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task
Authors: Trettel Sean G. , Agster Kara L. , Burwell Rebecca D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe perirhinal (PER) and postrhinal (POR) cortices, structures in the medial temporal lobe, are implicated in learning and memory. The PER is understood to process object information and the POR to process spatial or contextual information. Whether the medial temporal lobe is dedicated to memory, however, is under debate. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that the PER and POR are also involved in non-mnemonic cognitive functions. Rats with PER or POR damage and SHAM surgical controls were shaped, trained, and tested on the five-choice serial reaction time (5CSRT) task, which assesses attention and executive function. Rats with PER damage were impaired in acquiring the task and at asymptote, although processing information about objects was not relevant to the task. When confronted with attentional challenges, rats with PER damage showed a pattern consistent with decreased attentional capacity, increased response errors, and increased impulsive behavior. Rats with POR damage showed intact acquisition and normal asymptotic performance. They also exhibited faster latencies in the absence of speed accuracy trade-off suggesting enhanced response readiness. We suggest this increased response readiness results from decreased automatic monitoring of the local environment, which might normally compete with response readiness. Our findings are consistent with a role for PER in controlled attention and a role for POR in stimulus-driven attention providing evidence that the PER and POR cortices have functions that go beyond memory for objects and memory for scenes and contexts, respectively. These findings provide new evidence for functional specialization in the medial temporal lobe.
Constructing Others' Beliefs from One's Own Using Medial Frontal Cortex
Authors: Kolling Nils , Braunsdorf Marius , Vijayakumar Suhas , Bekkering Harold , Toni Ivan , Mars Rogier B. 
Published: September 2021

Many daily choices are based on one's own knowledge. However, when predicting other people's behavior, we need to consider the differences between our knowledge and other people's presumed knowledge. Social agents need a mechanism to use privileged information for their own behavior but exclude it from predictions of others. Using fMRI, we investigated the neural implementation of such social and personal predictions in healthy human volunteers of both sexes by manipulating privileged and shared information. The medial frontal cortex appeared to have an important role in flexibly making decisions using privileged information for oneself or predicting others' behavior. Specifically, we show that ventromedial PFC tracked the state of the world independent of the type of decision (personal, social), whereas dorsomedial regions adjusted their frame of reference to the use of privileged or shared information. Sampling privileged evidence not available to another person also relied on specific interactions between temporoparietal junction area and frontal pole.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhat we know about the minds of others and how we use that information is crucial to understanding social interaction. Mentalizing, or reading the minds of others, is argued to be particularly well developed in the human and crucially affected in some disorders. However, the intractable nature of human interactions makes it very difficult to study these processes. Here, we present a way to objectively quantify the information people have about others and to investigate how their brain deals with this information. This shows that people use similar areas in the brain related to nonsocial decision-making when making decisions in social situations and modify this information processing by the knowledge about others use these to modify their information processing according to the knowledge of others.
A case of Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome mimicking an acute abdomen
Authors: Mihetiu Alin , Bratu Dan , Popescu Oana , Catana Alina 
Published: September 2021

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome, also known as acute perihepatitis, associates pelvic inflammatory disease with the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the main causative pathogens.
Symptomatology is a nonspecific one. Right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea and vomiting are the most commonly encountered symptoms.
Imaging data are also nonspecific and often show intra-abdominal changes with no particularity.
As it is difficult to suspect Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome upon first impression, laparoscopy and direct visualization of the peritoneum and liver adhesions are needed in the diagnostic process. The specific aspect of the fibrinous strands can raise the suspicion of this disease and guide the subsequent treatment.
We present the case of a 19-year-old patient with abdominal pain observed in the right upper quadrant and moderate anemia for which she was investigated in the hematology ward. The unfavorable evolution with the appearance of anemia and peritonitic acute abdomen signs required a surgical approach. The intraoperative aspects raised the suspicion of Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome.
Because of the nonspecific clinical picture as well as the insignificant imaging features, this condition can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Aseptic meningitis after 20 years of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a rare complication
Authors: Hussain Syed Zohaib Maroof , Anwer Muhammad Osama , Noor Syeda Marsha , Hashmi Salman , Anwer Sanam , Yaqoob Uzair 
Published: September 2021

A transsphenoidal surgical (TSS) approach is used for pituitary gland surgery involving pituitary adenomas, as well as for the biopsy of various neurosurgical tumors. TSS, although a relatively safe procedure, can lead to complications like hypopituitarism, visual impairment, nasal septal perforation, diabetes insipidus, carotid artery injury, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Aseptic meningitis is also one of the complications of this procedure with an incidence of 1-2%, presenting with symptoms similar to bacterial meningitis, but with a low-grade fever of <102 F or even apyrexia. Here, we present a rare case of aseptic meningitis due to CSF leakage, presenting after 20 years of endoscopic surgery. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed to stem the leak after two unsuccessful attempts of endonasal repair.
Effect of nano silica on the properties of concrete and mortar – A state of art
Authors: Karthigai Priya Pandiaraj , Vanitha Sankararajan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Construction industry is one of the biggest sectors globally and a wide variety of materials are used to carry out various works. Particularly, cement is a material that is used in the construction of various structures and it is also the major source of emission of CO2 gas into the atmosphere which results in global warming. Many researchers have identified various replacement materials for cement as a partial substitution and carried out experiments successfully. Nano silica is widely utilized as a partial replacement for cement and a lot of research is carried out. This paper reviews the past studies in which nano silica is utilized in various building materials such as cement mortars, normal concrete and special concretes. The fresh concrete properties, strength and durability of the material are the parameters reviewed and it is apparent that by incorporating nano silica in cement it absorbs more water, which makes the mix less workable and it imparts additional strength to the concrete and also provides better durability when compared with the control specimen. Hence it has been revealed that nano silica will be a good replacement for cement as it is pozzolanic in nature and also possessing good microstructure.
Motivations of an active lifestyle to the benefit of a healthy society: A study of consumer motivations and their choices of fitness facilities
Authors: Bartha Éva Judit , Bácsné Bába Éva 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Our study aims to discover what reasons justify the physical activity of fitness consumers, and how the motivation of this physically active group can be maintained, which then may contribute to maintain a healthy society in the long run. Of the primary research procedures we chose to use the questionnaire survey method. We used cluster analysis for which we used principal components that were created with factor analysis to determine what groups can be established based on responses to the questions related to motivation and the factors that influence their choices of facilities. Based on the rank order of motivations influencing attendance of fitness sessions, fitness consumers were stratified into four different clusters. Then, segmentation of the consumers was done based on the factors influencing their choices of facilities. Our results lead to the conclusion that the motivation of consumer groups identified in our research can be sustained in the long run, the less active groups can be better involved and attracted to sports offered by fitness centres, on condition the fitness studios reliably serve these needs and provide the expected variety of services and hygienic conditions.
Palm oil substitution in hazelnut spread
Authors: Kovács Anikó , Körmendi Lilla , Kerti Katalin Badakné 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most important components in spreads is the fat phase. The characteristics of the used fat determine most of the quality factors of the products such as viscosity, texture, colour, shelf life, etc. In these kinds of products, the commonly used fat is palm fat, however, in recent years it has had a bad press due to its negative environmental impact and health concerns. Therefore, the aim of our research was to develop a palm oil free hazelnut spread. We investigated the effect of replacing the fat in the fat phase with milk fat or coconut fat to the apparent viscosity, colour and texture properties of the product. According to our results the palm fat had the highest and coconut fat had the lowest viscosity. In texture analyses palm fat and milk fat showed no significant difference in hardness and in work of penetration. Coconut fat was significantly different in every texture attributes from the other samples. In the case of colour measurement all samples were significantly different. Despite the observed differences in some parameters the suitability of milk fat for hazelnut spread production should be further investigated (sensory analyses, shelf-life).