bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacuum ultraviolet silicon photomultipliers applied to BaF2 cross-luminescence detection for high-rate ultrafast timing applications
Authors: Gundacker S , Pots R H , Nepomnyashchikh A , Radzhabov E , Shendrik R , Omelkov S , Kirm M , Acerbi F , Capasso M , Paternoster G , Mazzi A , Gola A , Chen J , Auffray E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Inorganic scintillators are widely used for fast timing applications in high-energy physics (HEP) experiments, time-of-flight positron emission tomography and time tagging of soft and hard x-ray photons at advanced light sources. As the best coincidence time resolution (CTR) achievable is proportional to the square root of the scintillation decay time it is worth studying fast cross-luminescence, for example in BaF2 which has an intrinsic yield of about 1400 photons/MeV. However, emission bands in BaF2 are located in the deep-UV at 195 nm and 220 nm, which sets severe constraints on photodetector selection. Recent developments in dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches have led to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with photon detection efficiencies of 20%–25% at wavelengths of 200 nm. We tested state-of-the-art devices from Fondazione Bruno Kessler and measured a best CTR of 51 ± 5 ps full width at half maximum when coupling 2 mm × 2 mm × 3 mm BaF2 crystals excited by 511 keV electron–positron annihilation gammas. Using these vacuum ultraviolet SiPMs we recorded the scintillation kinetics of samples from Epic Crystal under 511 keV excitation, confirming a fast decay time of 855 ps with 12.2% relative light yield and 805 ns with 84.0% abundance, together with a smaller rise time of 4 ps beyond the resolution of our setup. The total intrinsic light yield was determined to be 8500 photons/MeV. We also revealed a faster component with 136 ps decay time and 3.7% light yield contribution, which is extremely interesting for the fastest timing applications. Timing characteristics and CTR results on BaF2 samples from different producers and with different dopants (yttrium, cadmium and lanthanum) are given, and clearly show that the the slow 800 ns emission can be effectively suppressed. Such results ultimately pave the way for high-rate ultrafast timing applications in medical diagnosis, range monitoring in proton or heavy ion therapy and HEP.
Laser-driven ion acceleration from near-critical Gaussian plasma density profile
Authors: Psikal J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report on multiple phases of efficient laser-driven ion acceleration from near-critical density plasma of Gaussian density profile. Tracking of high-energy accelerated ions in multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations reveals the development of accelerating fields affecting the particles and the contribution of each acceleration phase to final ion energies. While the acceleration of ions occurs in a short time interval when a steep (infinite) density gradient is present, the accelerating field affecting the most energetic ions has unexpected local maxima about 50 fs after the moment when ultrashort (30 fs) laser pulse completely left the target with smooth density gradients. This field can be attributed to the apex of electron filament created behind the transmitted laser pulse. Full 3D simulation confirms the observations in 2D simulations in terms of ion acceleration mechanisms. However, it shows a substantial reduction of maximum achievable ion energies and a larger angular spread of accelerated ions compared with 2D approach, which demonstrates the necessity of using computationally demanding full 3D geometry for similar numerical studies.
Determination of poloidal mode numbers of MHD modes and their radial location using a soft x-ray camera array in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
Authors: Dreval M B , Brandt C , Schilling J , Thomsen H , Beletskii A , Könies A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A forward modeling technique is developed for determining the characteristic features of observed MHD modes from the line-of-sight data of the soft x-ray (SXR) tomography diagnostics in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. In particular, forward modeling is used to evaluate the poloidal mode numbers m, radial location, poloidal rotation direction and ballooning character of the MHD modes. The poloidal mode structures have been modeled by the radially localized Gaussian-shaped emission regions rotating along the magnetic surfaces. In the present study the cases of rigid-shape emission regions and flexible emission regions are modeled. Various mode phase velocity dependences on the magnetic surface position are simulated. The modeled phase dynamics of line-integrated oscillations and the distribution of oscillation amplitudes are compared with the experimental signals of the SXR cameras which observe the plasma at various viewing angles in the poloidal cross-section. Application of this technique enables describing of the 1–50 kHz modes. In particular, in the discharge W7X-PID 20180918.045 three identified branches with the poloidal mode numbers m= 8, m= 10 and m= 11 localized at ρ ≈ 0.3 are rotating in the clockwise poloidal direction. The present paper reports the first application of the forward modeling technique to the data from the SXR diagnostics in W7-X. The high m-modes are identified by forward modeling in W7-X.
Lensless ghost imaging with hollow-Gaussian modulated incoherent sources in atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Huang Xiaoping , Bai Yanfeng , Tan Wei , Nan Suqin , Fu Xiquan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lensless ghost imaging (LGI) with hollow-Gaussian modulated incoherent sources through atmospheric turbulence is investigated theoretically. The analytical formula for the point spread function of the LGI system with the hollow-Gaussian source through atmospheric turbulence is derived. By using the anti-turbulence properties of the hollow-Gaussian source, it is shown that the resolution of LGI under atmospheric turbulence can be obviously improved by properly increasing the beam order of the hollow-Gaussian incoherent source when compared with that by using traditional incoherent source.
Model of Integrated Pollution Assessment Atmospheric Pollution in Urban Areas Associated with High Levels of Industrialization
Authors: Hung Nguyen T , Anh Dang T L , Son Ton 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The air environment in Bien Hoa city has been polluted by dust, carbon monoxide and lead metal pollution levels increase in the dry season and decrease gradually in the rainy season. Industrial zones have higher dust pollution levels than residential areas. Lead and CO concentration did not differ significantly between these two areas. The results of integrated pollution assessment show that the pollution level of the air environment is low, almost the entire area is polluted. The NIPI method is thought to be more effective in assessing air pollution in the study area.
Removal of Zinc(II) Ions from Wastewater Using Natural Zeolites
Authors: Filatova E G , Pozhidaev Yu N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The kinetics of the adsorption of zinc(II) ions by natural zeolites was studied using pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The objects of study were zeolites mined in East Transbaikalia. The X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy data confirmed that natural zeolite-containing rock samples have the following composition: calcium heulandite Ca[Al2Si7O18]⋅6H2O and impurity rocks, namely, sanidine KAlSi3O8 and cristobalite SiO2. The dependence of the adsorption value on zeolite grain size was studied. It was shown that the adsorption value increases 3.8 times and reaches 0.075 mol/g as the grain size decreases from 5 to 0.1 mm. The kinetic study of zinc(II) ions adsorption was performed at pH 5.0–5.4 in the temperature range of 298–318 K. In a zeolite–zinc sulfate aqueous solution system, the adsorption equilibrium time was 120 min. It was shown that the zinc(II) ions adsorption rate decreases under the temperature increase. It was established that the kinetics of zinc(II) ions adsorption is best described by a pseudo-second-order model, the correlation coefficient values varying in the range of 0.998–0.999. The highest adsorption rate constant value of 0.446 g/(mmol⋅mm) corresponds to the temperature of 298 K. It was shown that zeolites demonstrate the highest adsorption value towards heavy metal ions at the temperature of wastewater. The proof-of-principle studies were performed to establish the feasibility of the recovery of copper(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II) ions from wastewater produced by galvanic manufacture using the studied minerals. The treatment process was performed under the conditions determined as optimal for model solutions. The efficiency of heavy metal ions removal was 85–89%.
An aphrodisiac compound found in wild Kemangi (Ocimum spp.) in Bali
Authors: Wirawan I G P , Sasadara M M V , Darmawati I A P , Krisnandika A A K , Wijaya N 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBali has a wild type of kemangi (Ocimumspp.) that grows wildly near to seashore area. Different from other types of kemangi, this type does not consume and utilized. This type of kemangi has a more pungent aroma and a taller canopy. This wild type of kemangi was analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC). Kemangi firstly extracted by using 96% ethanol to produce the crude extract, which was then analyzed for the phytochemical compounds. The results of GC analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 27 phytochemical compounds in Kemangi. The chromatogram showed the abundance presence of Citral which is known as an aphrodisiac compound. Citral was reported to exist in various plants and associated with showing aphrodisiac activity through improving mount, intromission, and ejaculation frequency. The result of this study concludes that this wild type of kemangi found in Bali contains an aphrodisiac compound.
Design of temperature and humidity control system on oyster mushroom plant house based on Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Setiawati D A , Utomo S G , Murad  , Putra G M D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Oyster mushrooms are generally cultivated in kumbung covered by black colored plastic. This condition results in high temperatures and low humidity, so mushroom cultivation’s failure rate is very high. This research aimed to design and test temperature and humidity control systems’ performance based on the Internet of Things (IoT) on Oyster mushrooms kumbung. This study used an experimental method by controlling the microclimate inside the kumbung in Tanjung Karang Permai Sub-District, Sekarbela District, Mataram City. Research data were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel application. DHT 11 temperature sensor calibration on hygrometer with warm water showed a linear equation of y = 1.0402 x – 0.1423 and R2 = 0.9905, whereas using cold water was y = 1.081x – 1.7457 and R2 = 0.973. For the humidity calibration linear equation of y = 1.1203x – 8.3253 and R2 = 0.8606 was observed. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for warm water and cold water was 3,48% and 3.58%, respectively. In comparison, MAPE for RH was 0.082%. The temperature and humidity control system had been tested at a set point temperature of 28°C and humidity of 85%. The test results showed that mushrooms without a control system were yellowish, dry, and hard texture. Whereas with treatment, the fungus appeared white, wet, and soft texture. The number of mushrooms with treatments was higher and grew more evenly than without treatment. Based on these, it can be concluded that the control system could regulate microclimate inside mushroom kumbung, also successfully monitor it through mobile phones using the Blynk application.
Growth and resistance of F1: the results of kenaf interspecific crosses to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Authors: Parnidi  , Zaki N , Soetopo L , Damanhuri  , Marjani  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of interspecific crosses between kenaf and close relatives is to obtain superior varieties of kenaf resistant to nematodes. This study aims to determine F1 inter-specific kenaf crosses resistance compared to its parents toM. incognita infection. The evaluation of kenaf genotype resistance was determined by gall index. The growth of F1 genotypes resulted from crossing SRRH023 x Kin2, and crosses of Kal II x Kin2 showed that it was higher than his close relative parents and smaller than the kenaf and M. incognita resistant. The F1 of kenaf inter-specific crosses with its close relatives was resistant to M. incognita nematodes.
A comparative study on assessing rodent damage intensity in rice crop based on two different methods
Authors: Rachmawati  , Herawati N A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rodent damage is commonly concentrated towards the center of rice fields. There are some approaches to assess the damage, two of them are the transect and the Malayan method. The transect technique is a well-known applicable practice employed among agricultural workers in Indonesia, while the Malayan method is generally performed in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to compare both methods in terms of determining the more representative technique for assessing rodent damage. The study was conducted in Karanggetas village, Bangodua subdistrict, Indramayu district, West Java (6°51’S, 108°29’E) in 2018. Two plots (0.35 ha and 0.56 ha) were selected as the study site which was planted with Inpari 32. Since the generative stage of the rice crop is the most preferable phase for rodents, therefore we solely observed the damage within this period. We recorded the damage intensity four times with weekly intervals by both methods in each plot. To confirm the rodent population and reproduction status, we installed a linear trap barrier system and dug some active burrows along the irrigation channel bank as their main habitat. The result showed that the damage intensity was significantly different between both methods. The damage intensity was higher when it was assessed by the transect method compared to the Malayan one. The result indicated that the transect method is a better technique representing the damage than the Malayan method. This due to the first method covered almost entirely the damaged spot. This finding suggested that the transect method is the representative technique for assessing rodent damage intensity.
Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the production of siderophore from Klebsiella
oxytoca strain STA01 isolated from sago palm field in Tulehu, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Frediansyah A , Aziz S , Ramadaningrum WA , Sunarwidhi and AL 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Klebsiella oxytoca STA01 produced the serratiochelin A, an NRPS based siderophore. The strain isolated from the sago palm field in Tulehu, Ambon, Maluku, Republic of Indonesia. Its partial sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene has been deposited in GenBank (Acession number MT786342). Its producing siderophore was discovered based on chrome azurol S guide-screening of 12 isolates. One of them showed an orange halo appearance in the chrome azurol S agar plate. The fractionation with 50:50 (v/v) MeOH/water revealed the presence of serratiochelin A. The structure was then determined by MS2 fragmentation.
Investigation of causes of neonatal mortality in Bali cattle on Sumbawa Island
Authors: Sriasih M , Back P J , Pomroy W E , Morris S T , Hickson R E , Dahlanuddin  , Zaenuri L A , Soebari R , Kurniawan M , Qamar S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is a desire to increase cattle production on Sumbawa Island but anecdotal reports from farmers indicate that calf mortality can be high. The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence and common causes of calf mortality, as well as to determine if colostral antibody transfer is sufficient in new-born calves. Personal interviews were conducted with 27 farmers. Immunoglobulins were measured in neonatal calves (n=18) using the FASTest IgG Bovine kit. The presence of various pathogens was investigated in fecal samples from calves (n=12) with signs of diarrhea between 1-2 months of age using the FASTest D4T bovine kit and the presence of gastrointestinal parasites was investigated using fecal floatation from pre-weaned calves (3 weeks-3 months of age; n=62). From the questionnaire calf losses ranged from 10–27%, with most losses occurring in older calves. Only one of the 18 calves demonstrated an insufficient concentration of IgG in serum, indicating the possibility of failure of passive transfer from the dam. Of the samples tested from scouring calves, 7 out of 12 samples tested positive for one of the microorganisms causing general diarrhoea in calves. A range of different gastrointestinal nematode parasites were found although very few coccidial oocysts were seen. The results of these studies indicate that calf mortality is high and will be a limitation on the production of beef cattle for slaughter in the Dompu region of Sumbawa Island. Further investigation is required to determine which pathogens are the cause of this calf loss.
Shade stress in various growth phases of peanut genotypes and its effect on agronomic characters and chlorophyll content
Authors: Hemon AF , Sumarjan  , Hanafi AR 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Shading stress during plant growth is one of the factors that might decrease the peanut crop productivity. The growth phase of the peanut genotypes has different responses to shade stress. This research aimed to study the effect of shade stress in various growth phases on agronomic character and chlorophyll content of peanut genotypes. Shade stress was regulated in six conditions: no shade, shade from planting to harvest, shade from planting until 25 days after planting (dap) (vegetative phase), shade from 26 to 50 dap (flowering phase to pods formation), shade from 51 to 75 dap (seed filling phase), and shade from 75 to 100 dap (the ripening phase of the seeds to harvest). The shade was carried out using paranet which holds 35% of the sun’s rays. The genotypes used were F3 generation plants from crosses (G200-I and G300-II x cv.Domba, Takar 1, Bison). The results showed that there were no significant differences in the interactions between shades in various growth phases and genotypes for agronomic traits, but there were significantly different interactions on the content of chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll. All 12 peanut genotypes tended to produce more chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll in shade treatment from planting to harvest. Shade at various plant growth phases had a significant effect on agronomic characters. The shade given from planting beginning to harvest produced the lowest dry pod weight (12.9 g/plant) or yield decreased to 23.7% compared to peanut grown without shading. The genotypes significantly affected agronomic traits and g6 genotype (G200-I x cv.Domba)7 produced the heaviest dry pod weight 17.2 g/plant.
Mungbean-maize rotation improved soil properties and maize yield in dryland
Authors: Jaya I K D , Sudirman  , Sudika I W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the conditions to improve maize yield in dryland areas is by improving soil properties. This paper reports on the improvement of soil properties and maize yield resulted from rotating mungbean and maize in two consecutive years. In the first year, mungbean was grown as a cover crop at different population densities (250,000, 375,000, and 500,000 plants ha−1) combined with desiccation times of 28 and 35 days after planting in April 2019. Two weeks after the desiccation, maize seeds were planted at a density of 9 plants per m2. In those cover crop plots and a control treatment without a cover crop. All the treatments were replicated three times and were arranged in a Randomized Block Design. Following the maize crops, mungbean was grown again (except in the control plots) from October to December 2019 at the same population densities as before, combined with two seed classes; stock seeds and extension seeds. The mungbean was harvested in mid-December 2019 and after biomass determination, the residue was incorporated into the treatment plots. In mid-January 2020, maize seeds were planted at the same population density as before in all plot treatments, including control plots. Soil properties were determined at 60 days after maize planting. The results revealed that nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the soil increased substantially by 52.6, 282.9, and 110%, respectively after two years of the rotation. There was an average of 44.7% increase in maize yield resulted from the highest mungbean population density plots as compared to the control treatment. It is concluded that mungbean-maize rotation is an effective way to improve maize yield in dryland areas.
Prevalence and degree of gastrointestinal nematode infection of horses (Equus caballus) used as public transport in Mataram city, Indonesia
Authors: Tirtasari K , Atma C D , Kholik  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Horses of Equus caballus species which are used as public transportation in the form of Cidomo (traditional horse cart) in Mataram City need to be considered about their welfare and health. A common problem in horses is gastrointestinal nematode worms that can induce negative health effects on horses. Furthermore, the infective larvae of nematodes can survive in the environment under optimum conditions of temperature and humidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and degree of infection of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses used as public transportation (Cidomo) in Mataram City. The cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2020 to collect feces of Cidomo horses at 8 traditional markets in Mataram City. A total of 131 feces of horses as Cidomo were taken directly from the rectum of Cidomo horses by the purposive method. The Morphology, prevalence of nematode egg, and Egg per gram (EPG) for a degree of infection were used examined using the floating McMaster technique. Morphological data and the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses (Equus caballus) as Cidomo were presented descriptively, and the EPG value was analyzed by the Anova test, while the degree of infection has been categorized as low, medium, and high levels. The eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes (Trichosstrongylus spp, Strongylus spp, and Capillaria spp) have been found in feces of horses as Cidomo at 8 traditional markets in Mataram City with a prevalence of 74.04% (97/131). The EPG value of the gastrointestinal nematode of feces of horses as Cidomo between 8 traditional markets in Mataram City showed no significant difference with p > 0.05 (p-value = 0.227). Overall the degree of infection of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses (Equus caballus) as Cidomo in Mataram City was a medium level with a mean value of EPG = 547.628 ± 82.059 The results showed that the gastrointestinal nematodes have been infected horses as Cidomo in 8 traditional markets in Mataram City with a medium level of infection degree.