bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitral Valve Surgery in Patients With Rheumatic Heart Disease: Repair vs. Replacement
Authors: Fu Guangguo , Zhou Zhuoming , Huang Suiqing , Chen Guangxian , Liang Mengya , Huang Lin , Wu Zhongkai 
Published: May 2021

Background: High morbidity and mortality caused by rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are global burdens, especially in low-income and developing countries. Whether mitral valve repair (MVP) benefits RHD patients remains controversial. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the perioperative and long-term outcomes of MVP and mitral valve replacement (MVR) in RHD patients.Methods and Results: A systematic literature search was conducted in major databases, including Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, until 17 December 2020. Studies comparing MVP and MVR in RHD patients were retained. Outcomes included early mortality, long-term survival, freedom from reoperation, postoperative infective endocarditis, thromboembolic events, hemorrhagic events, and freedom from valve-related adverse events. Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Of a total of 5,654 patients, 1,951 underwent MVP, and 3,703 underwent MVR. Patients who undergo MVP can benefit from a higher long-term survival rate (HR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55–0.95; P = 0.020; I2 = 44%), a lower risk of early mortality (RR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.38–1.01; P = 0.060; I2 = 42%), and the composite outcomes of valve-related adverse events (HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38–0.94; P = 0.030; I2 = 25%). However, a higher risk of reoperation was observed in the MVP group (HR 2.60; 95% CI, 1.89–3.57; P&lt;0.001; I2 = 4%). Patients who underwent concomitant aortic valve replacement (AVR) in the two groups had comparable long-term survival rates, although the trend still favored MVP.Conclusions: For RHD patients, MVP can reduce early mortality, and improve long-term survival and freedom from valve-related adverse events. However, MVP was associated with a higher risk of reoperation.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=228307.
888–444 Ma Global Plate Tectonic Reconstruction With Emphasis on the Formation of Gondwana
Authors: Vérard Christian 
Published: May 2021

The formation of Gondwana results from a complex history, which can be linked to many orogenic sutures. The sutures have often been gathered in the literature under broad orogenies — in particular the Eastern and Western Pan-African Orogenies — although their ages may vary a lot within those wide belts. ThePanalesismodel is a plate tectonic model, which aims at reconstructing 100% of the Earth’s surface, and proposes a geologically, geometrically, kinematically, and geodynamically coherent solution for the evolution of the Earth from 888 to 444 Ma. Although the model confirms that the assembly of Gondwana can be considered complete after the Damara and Kuunga orogenies, it shows above all that the detachment and amalgamation of “terranes” is a roughly continuous process, which even persisted after the Early Cambrian. By using the wealth of Plate Tectonics, thePanalesismodel makes it possible to derive numerous additional data and maps, such as the age of the sea-floor everywhere on the planet at every time slice, for instance. The evolution of accretion rates at mid-oceanic ridges and subduction rates at trenches are shown here, and yields results consistent with previous estimates. Understanding the variation of the global tectonic activity of our planet through time is key to link plate tectonic modeling with other disciplines of Earth sciences.
National School-Based Health Lifestyles Intervention in Chinese Children and Adolescents on Obesity and Hypertension
Authors: Dong Yanhui , Zou Zhiyong , Wang Haijun , Dong Bin , Hu Peijin , Ma Yinghua , Song Yi , Ma Jun 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the national school-based intervention on both obesity and high blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–18 years.Methods:The national school-based cluster non-randomized controlled trial was done in seven provinces from September 2013 to February 2014. A total of 23,175 children and adolescents in the control group and 25,702 in the intervention group were included in this trial with a mean follow-up of 6.7 ± 0.9 months. Mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate the effect of the interventions on body weight and blood pressure (BP).Results:A significant upward in the body mass index (BMI) levels but downward in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), BMIZ-scores, SBP Z-scores, and DBPZ-scores were witnessed in the intervention group compared to those in the control group (&lt;0.001). Subgroup analyses presented significant intervention effects in children aged 6–12 years for BMI, SBP, DBP, and their standardized valuesZ-scores, but no effective results were found in adolescents aged 13–18 years. Stratification analyses based on the dynamic weight changes presented non-differential HBP, SHBP, and DHBP prevalence gaps between the control and intervention groups. Children aged 6–12 years with higher BMI percentiles at baseline presented obvious declines in SBP and DBP standardized valuesZ-scores.Conclusion:A mean 6-month multi-centered school-based comprehensive obesity intervention in China yields a small to null effect on obesity and hypertension with increasing age; the early age before 12 years may be the key period for interventions, and the younger, the better. Precise and high-intensity interventions targeting the population at different stages of childhood and adolescence are urgently needed to be developed.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02343588
Reference Charts for Neonatal Cranial Volume Based on 3D Laser Scanning to Monitor Head Growth
Authors: Vermeulen Marijn Jorien , Burkhardt Wolfram , Fritze Anne , Roelants Jorine , Mense Lars , Willemsen Sten , Rüdiger Mario 
Published: May 2021

Background: Postnatal brain growth is an important predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. A new reliable proxy for brain volume is cranial volume, which can be measured routinely by 3-D laser scanning. The aim of this study was to develop reference charts for normal cranial volume in newborn infants at different gestational ages starting from late preterm for both sexes.Methods: Cross-sectional cohort study in a German university hospital, including singleton, clinically stable, neonates born after 34 weeks of gestation. Cranial volume was measured in the first week of life by a validated 3-D laser scanner. Cranial volume data was modeled to calculate percentile values by gestational age and birth weight and to develop cranial volume reference charts for girls and boys separately.Results: Of the 1,703 included infants, 846 (50%) were female. Birth weights ranged from 1,370 to 4,830 grams (median 3,370). Median cranial volume ranged from 320 [interquartile range (IQR) 294–347] ml at 34 weeks to 469 [IQR 442–496] ml at 42 weeks and was higher in boys than in girls.Conclusions: This study presents the first reference charts of cranial volume which can be used in clinical practice to monitor brain growth between 34 and 42 weeks gestation in infants.
Mandatory Infant Vaccinations in France During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
Authors: Taine Marion , Offredo Lucile , Drouin Jérôme , Toubiana Julie , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud , Dray-Spira Rosemary 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To describe changes in the dispensation of 11 mandatory vaccines to infants in France during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, considering the priming doses and boosters separately.Methods: With data from the French national health database, all dispensations of priming doses and boosters of 11 mandatory vaccines [penta/hexavalent, measles mumps rubella (MMR), meningococcal conjugate type-C (Men-C-C), 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13)] for infants ≤24 months old were aggregated by 4-week periods in 2020. Expected counts in 2020 were estimated according to counts in 2019 weighted by a ratio considering the level of vaccine dispensation before the pandemic onset in 2020. Relative differences (RDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to compare the observed and expected counts during the first and second lockdown and the period in between.Results: During the first 4 weeks of the first lockdown, as compared with the expected numbers, the observed priming dose counts substantially decreased [RD: from −5.7% (95% CI −6.1; −5.2) for penta/hexavalent to −25.2% (95% CI −25.6; −24.8) for MMR], as did the booster counts [RD: from −15.3% (95% CI −15.9; −14.7) for penta/hexavalent to −20.7% (95% CI −21.3; −20.2) for Men-C-C]. Counts for priming doses and boosters remained slightly below the expected numbers after the lockdown. During 2020, MMR priming doses and the Men-C-C booster had the greatest shortfalls (N = 84,893 and 72,500, respectively).Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a lack of vaccination catch-up after the first lockdown and a persistent shortfall in infant vaccination after the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, especially for the MMR priming doses and Men-C-C booster.
Effect of Daily Iron Supplementation on Infantile Iron Homeostasis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Li Mingyan , Lv Ying , Ying Jionghuan , Xu Lin , Chen Weijun , Zheng Quan , Ji Chai , Shao Jie 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of unified iron supplementation and identify the factors related to the iron homeostasis among preterm infants.Method: A total of 250 preterm infants were divided into neonatal anemic (NA, n = 154) and non-neonatal anemic group (NNA, n = 96). Iron supplements at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day were given from 40 weeks' gestational age to 6 months. Iron status parameters were measured at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and the correlated factors were analyzed. Growth and side-effects were monitored.Results: There were no significant differences for the prevalence of ID or IDA between the two groups. Multivariate regression analyses showed that higher Hb at birth and early treatment of blood transfusion reduced the risk of ID/IDA at 3 months (all p &lt; 0.05); while higher level of Hb at 3 months (p = 0.004) and formula feeding reduced the occurrence of ID/IDA at 6 months (p &lt; 0.05); males had a 3.35 times higher risk to develop ID/IDA than girls (p = 0.021). No differences in growth and side effects were found.Conclusion: A daily dose of 2 mg/kg iron supplement is beneficial to maintain iron homeostasis in majority preterm infants within 6 months regardless of their neonatal anemia history. Under the routine iron supplementation, Hb level at birth and at 3 months, early treatment of blood transfusion, gender and feeding patterns are the major factors affecting the prevalence of ID/IDA among preterm infants in infancy.
Psychological First Aid Well-Being Support Rounds for Frontline Healthcare Workers During COVID-19
Authors: Malik Mansoor , Peirce Jessica , Wert Michael Van , Wood Cynthia , Burhanullah Haroon , Swartz Karen 
Published: May 2021

Background and Objective: Frontline healthcare workers face unprecedented stress from the current SARS COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hospital systems need to develop support programs to help frontline staff deal with this stress. The purpose of this article is to describe a support program for front line healthcare workers.Methods: In this community case report, we describe a well-being support rounding program that was developed to deliver Psychological First Aid (PFA) to frontline healthcare workers in a large urban medical center to maintain their sense of psychological well-being and self-efficacy. A team of clinicians from the department of psychiatry, who were trained on the Johns Hopkins RAPID model (Reflective Listening, Assessment, Prioritization, Intervention, and Disposition) to provide PFA, were deployed throughout the hospital. These clinicians carried out daily well-being rounds from April to June during the peak of the pandemic.Results: Approximately 20% of the frontline staff members were going through an acute crisis and benefited from PFA. Anxiety, anger, exhaustion, economic worry, job insecurity, dehumanized interactions with patients due to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and stress of taking care of sick and dying patients without their families present, were the main themes identified by the staff. The deployed team used active listening, mindfulness, validation, reframing and other cognitive interventions to support staff.Conclusions: Our experience suggests that frontline staff are willing to engage with in-person, on-site support programs. Fostering resilience and self-efficacy through PFA is a useful model to provide emotional support to frontline healthcare workers during health crises.
Suicide Attempts, Neurocognitive Dysfunctions and Clinical Correlates in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Wu Kai , Jiang Rui , Zeng Xiaoying , Zhou Sumiao , Guo Weijian , Feng Yangdong , Zou Caimei , Li Hehua , Li Ting , Ning Yuping , Yang Mingzhe , Wu Fengchun 
Published: May 2021

Background: Suicide is a common and complex symptom of schizophrenia that may be related to clinical variables and neurocognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the associated correlates of suicide attempts in Chinese middle-aged and elderly inpatients with schizophrenia, including demographic and clinical characteristics and cognitive level, which has not yet been reported.Methods: A total of 426 schizophrenia inpatients were recruited for this study. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Neurocognitive function was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).Results: The prevalence of suicide attempts in middle-aged and elderly Chinese schizophrenia patients was 13.3%. Female patients had a higher suicide rate than male patients. Patients with suicide attempts had significantly higher PANSS-positive subscores, depressive subscores, and RBANS-story recall than non-attempter patients (all p &lt; 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed that gender, positive subscore, depressive subscore and RBANS-story recall (OR = 1.10–2.19, p &lt; 0.05) were independently associated with suicide attempts in middle-aged and elderly schizophrenia patients.Conclusions: Our study showed that the rate of suicide attempts in Chinese middle-aged and elderly schizophrenia patients is high. Compared to non-attempters, there are less cognitive impairments, more clinical symptoms, and more female patients in the suicide attempters.
Effect of Binding Energies on the Encounter Desorption
Authors: Das Ankan , Sil Milan , Ghosh Rana , Gorai Prasanta , Adak Soutan , Samanta Subhankar , Chakrabarti Sandip K. 
Published: May 2021

The abundance of interstellar ice constituents is usually expressed with respect to the water ice because, in denser regions, a significant portion of the interstellar grain surface would be covered by water ice. The binding energy (BE) or adsorption energy of the interstellar species regulates the chemical complexity of the interstellar grain mantle. Due to the high abundance of water ice, the BE of surface species with the water is usually provided and widely used in astrochemical modeling. However, the hydrogen molecules would cover some part of the grain mantle in the denser and colder part of the interstellar medium. Even at around ∼10 K, few atoms and simple molecules with lower adsorption energies can migrate through the surface. The BE of the surface species with H2 substrate would be very different from that of a water substrate. However, adequate information regarding these differences is lacking. Here, we employ the quantum chemical calculation to provide the BE of 95 interstellar species with H2 substrate. These are representative of the BEs of species to a H2 overlayer on a grain surface. On average, we notice that the BE with the H2 monomer substrate is almost ten times lower than the BE of these species reported earlier with the H2O c-tetramer configuration. The encounter desorption of H and H2 was introduced [with ED(H,H2)=45 K and ED(H2,H2)=23 K] to have a realistic estimation of the abundances of the surface species in the colder and denser region. Our quantum chemical calculations yield higher adsorption energy of H2 than that of H [ED(H,H2) = 23–25 K and ED(H2,H2) = 67–79 K]. We further implement an astrochemical model to study the effect of encounter desorption with the present realistic estimation. The encounter desorption of the N atom [calculations yield ED(N,H2)=83 K] is introduced to study the differences with its inclusion.
Double Burden of Malnutrition and Inequalities in the Nutritional Status of Adults: A Population-Based Study in Brazil, 2019
Authors: Meller Fernanda Oliveira , Schäfer Antônio Augusto , Santos Leonardo Pozza , Quadra Micaela Rabelo , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem Avena 
Published: May 2021

Objective:To describe the inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in the adult population.Methods:Study carried out with data from the VIGITEL study, conducted in 2019 in all Brazilian capitals. Underweight and excess weight were evaluated on the basis of years of schooling and age. Multi-level analysis was performed including Human Development Index of each capital and individual-level variables. The inequality slope index was used to assess the magnitude of the inequalities found. All analyses considered the svy command owing to the complexity of the sampling process.Results:47.119 individuals were studied. Men with no education had 6 percentage points more underweight compared to those with higher education. Higher prevalence of excess weight was found among men with higher education and women with no education. In women, the difference was 18 percentage points between extreme categories. Elderly people with no education had 10 percentage points more excess weight than those with higher education.Conclusions:The findings suggest the need for intersectoral actions that can cope with the social inequalities and help confronting with the DBM in Brazil.
Construção de uma maquete didática e aplicação no ensino de conteúdos geográficos
Authors: Sanches Suzuki Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi , Scheunemann Guinter , Spironello Rosangela Lurdes 
Published: May 2021

Diante da dificuldade de se trabalhar alguns assuntos geográficos, o professor é estimulado a buscar recursos didáticos que possibilitem o aluno visualizar determinado conteúdo na prática, propiciando uma maior e melhor aprendizagem. Embora a maquete seja um destes recursos, poucos trabalhos apresentam detalhes para sua construção e de que forma ela pode ser melhor utilizada no ensino. Este trabalho objetivou auxiliar os professores de Geografia e áreas correlatas apresentando, detalhadamente, a construção de uma maquete didática representativa da bacia hidrográfica do Arroio dos Kaster, localizada no município de Pelotas-RS, e como ela pode ser utilizada na abordagem de conteúdos geográficos para os diferentes níveis de ensino. Espera-se que este material auxilie os professores na construção de maquetes didáticas e forneça subsídios de como elas podem ser melhor utilizadas no ensino de Geografia e áreas correlatas.
Identification of Alkaloid Compounds from Cytotoxic Active Fraction in Peperomia pellucida
Authors: Ghifari M Alvien , Fachriyah Enny , Anam Khairul , Nopitasari Dian , Elvira Kautsar , Perdana Rama Esa 
Published: May 2021

Peperomia pellucida attracts a lot of interest due to its bioactivity and has been used in various folk medicine. In this report, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fraction of Peperomia pellucida extract were examined for its cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina larvae using the BSLT method. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher cytotoxic activity than n-hexane and dichloromethane. The LC50 of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and dichloromethane fractions was 39.665, 278.920, and 60.808 ppm, respectively. Mayer and Dragendorff tests give a positive result to the alkaloid constituent in ethyl acetate fraction. The alkaloids in Peperomia pellucida were extracted using ethyl acetate and further separated using chromatography techniques. Two alkaloid components were identified in ethyl acetate fraction from Peperomia pellucida as Piperine and Nigramide N by using LC-MS/MS.
Pendampingan Penggunaan Sistem Pelaporan Keuangan pada Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah di Desa Cemenggaon
Authors: Purnama Nyoman , Gusti Bagus Made Wiradharma I 
Published: May 2021

Sampah menjadi permasalahan terbesar yang dialami oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Sampah mengindikasikan adanya aktivitas kehidupan manusia. Solusi yang bisa diberikan salah satunya dengan bank sampah. Dengan adanya bank sampah, secara tidak langsung memberikan manfaat kepada masyarakat dalam bijak mengelola sampah sehingga dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis. Desa Adat Cemenggaon yang terletak di kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar yang di mana masyarakat di sana sadar akan pengelolaan sampah. Desa ini telah mendirikan bank sampah untuk mengelola sampah sehingga bisa memberikan nilai ekonomis bagis masyarakat. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mencoba memberikan solusi berupa Sistem Informasi Akuntansi sehingga dalam melakukan kegiatan operasional dapat mencatat proses transaksi bank sampah lebih terstruktur dan jelas. Selain itu dengan adanya sistem ini mampu menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang relevan dan lebih terstruktur sesuai dengan standar akuntansi. Kegiatan ini diawali dengan proses pembuatan sistem dan juga melakukan wawancara kepada anggota bank sampah terkait masalah yang dialami selama ini. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan pendampingan dan sosialisasi sistem pelaporan akutansi yang telah dibangun sebelumnya. Hasil dari kegiatan ini berupa aplikasi yang siap digunakan bagi masyarakat dan anggota bank sampah desa adat Cemenggaon.
A Comparison of vitamin D deficiency with neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and CRP levels in Covid-19 patients
Authors: Demir Aslıhan Dilara , Durmaz Zeynep Hulya 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, sedimentation levels with vitamin D concentrations in Covid-19 patients and to investigate their effect of levels on Covid-19 patients.
Materials and Methods: Forty-six patients aged 18-85 were included in our study. Our study is a retrospective study. Patients were divided into 2 groups with the first group consisting of those with vitamin D level 20 and below and 2nd group consisting of those with vitamin D level above 20. After Vitamin D, CRP, neutrophil, and lymphocyte values were retrospectively investigated with the hospital database, vitamin D levels were compared to CRP and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.
Results: A positive correlation between CRP and SED, CRP and ferritin, NLR, and ferritin was observed in Covid-19 positive patients with Vitamin D level > 20. A positive correlation between NLR and CRP was observed in Covid-19 positive patients with Vitamin D level ≤ 20.
Conclusion: In patients with Vitamin D levels >20, there was a significant correlation between vitamin D and NLR and a moderate correlation between Vitamin D and CRP. In patients with Vitamin D levels <20, there was a positive correlation of Vitamin D with CRP and NLR.