bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic wedge resection as an alternative to laparoscopic oncological colon resection for benign endoscopically unresectable colon polyps
Authors: Marres Carla Christine Maria , Smit Marieke P. C. M. , van der Bilt Jarmila D. W. , Buskens Christianne J. , Mundt Marco W. , Verbeek Paul C. M. , Bemelman Willem A. , van de Ven Anthony Willem Hendrik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate, by comparing clinical and histological outcomes, whether laparoscopic (hybrid) wedge resection (LWR) could be a less invasive and safe alternative to laparoscopic oncological colon resection (OCR) for patients with an endoscopically unresectable, suspected benign, colon polyp.MethodAll patients with an endoscopically unresectable colon polyp who were referred for surgery between 2009 and 2018 and without biopsy‐proven colon cancer were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patients with macroscopic features of malignancy during endoscopy were excluded. Clinical and histological results for patients who underwent OCR or LWR were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred‐and‐twenty‐two patients were included. Ninety‐seven patients underwent OCR and 25 LWR. Major complications occurred in 16.7% (n = 16) of the OCR group compared with 4.0% (n = 1) of the LWR group (p = 0.06). In the OCR group the anastomotic leakage rate was 6.3% (n = 6) and the mortality rate 3.1% (n = 3). No anastomotic leakage or deaths occurred in the LWR group. The median length of hospital stay after OCR was 5 days [interquartile range (IQR) 5–9 days)] compared with 2 days (IQR 2–4 days) after LWR (p < 0.0001). Definite pathology showed a malignancy rate of 4.2% (n = 4) in the OCR group and 4.0% (n = 1) (without high‐risk features) in the LWR group.ConclusionThis study shows that LWR was associated with significantly lower complication rates and acceptable oncological risks compared with OCR. Therefore we suggest that LWR is a safe alternative treatment, next to other endoscopic options. The treatment that is most suitable for an individual patient should be discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting.
Social isolation of adolescent male rats increases anxiety and K+‐induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens: Role of CRF‐R1
Authors: Novoa Javier , Rivero Carlos J. , Pérez‐Cardona Enrique U. , Freire‐Arvelo Jaime A. , Zegers Juan , Yarur Héctor E. , Santiago‐Marerro Iván G. , Agosto‐Rivera José L. , González‐Pérez Jorge L. , Gysling Katia , Segarra Annabell C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarly life adversity can disrupt development leading to emotional and cognitive disorders. This study investigated the effects of social isolation after weaning on anxiety, body weight and locomotion, and on extracellular dopamine (DA) and glutamate (GLU) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and their modulation by corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1. On the day of weaning, male rats were housed singly or in groups for 10 consecutive days. Anxiety‐like behaviors were assessed by an elevated plus maze (EPM) and an open field test (OF). Neurotransmitter levels were measured by in vivo microdialysis. Single‐housed rats spent less time, and entered more, into the closed arms of an EPM than group‐housed rats. They also spent less time in the center of an OF, weighed more and showed greater locomotion. In the NAc, no differences in CRF, or in basal extracellular DA or GLU between groups, were observed. A depolarizing stimulus increased DA release in both groups but to higher levels in isolated rats, whereas GLU increased only in single‐housed rats. Blocking CRF‐R1 receptors with CP‐154,526 decreased DA release in single‐housed but not in group‐housed rats. The corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 1 receptor antagonist also decreased GLU in group‐housed animals. These results show that isolating adolescent rats increases anxiety, body weight and ambulation, as well as the sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to a depolarizing stimulus. This study provides further evidence of the detrimental effects of social isolation during early development and indicates that dysregulation of the CRF system in the NAc may contribute to the pathologies observed.
Imaging findings and clinical outcome of foot pain attributable to insertional deep digital flexor tendon injury and/or fluid signal within the flexor surface of the distal phalanx
Authors: Hewitt‐Dedman C. L. , Biggi M. , Van Zadelhoff C. , Schwarz T. , Reardon R. J. M. , Taylor S. E. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundInsertional deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions with concurrent injury to the flexor surface of the distal phalanx are uncommon and there is limited information regarding prognosis.ObjectivesTo provide descriptive data on horses with insertional DDFT injuries and determine whether there is any association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and outcome.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsHorses with lameness localised to the foot that underwent low field standing MRI between January 2015 and April 2019 were included. Injury of the DDFT, presence of short tau inversion recovery (STIR) hyperintensity at the flexor surface of the distal phalanx and concurrent lesions were recorded. Follow‐up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire.ResultsThirty‐two horses fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty‐one limbs had DDFT insertional lesions on MRI with three limbs showing hyperintense STIR signal of the flexor surface of the distal phalanx without a tendon lesion. Seventeen DDFT lesions were graded as mild and 14 as severe. Thirteen limbs showed hyperintense STIR signal within the tendon and 15 limbs showed hyperintense STIR signal within the flexor surface of the distal phalanx at the insertion of the DDFT and/or the distal sesamoidean impar ligament (DSIL). Eight horses returned to previous athletic function, 8 returned to a lower level of athletic activity, 4 were retired, 9 were subjected to euthanasia and 3 were lost to follow‐up. No significant association was found between DDFT lesion severity, hyperintense STIR signal within the DDFT, hyperintense STIR signal at the flexor surface of the distal phalanx and outcome post‐injury.Main limitationsSmall sample size and reliance on clients to provide accurate follow‐up information.ConclusionsInsertional DDF tendinopathy carries a guarded prognosis for return to previous athletic function. The presence of hyperintense STIR signal at the flexor surface of the distal phalanx did not appear to influence the prognosis.
Geochemistry of caldera‐forming and resurgent magmas in the Pliocene Hiwada caldera, northeast Japan: An example of a monotonous intermediate system
Authors: Yamamoto Takahiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe 2.9‐Ma Hotokezawa Ignimbrite, which was ejected from the Aizu caldera cluster in the northeast Japan arc, is a typical monotonous intermediate ignimbrite, with 40–50 vol% crystals and an eruptive volume of >140 km3 dense‐rock equivalent. This ignimbrite filled Hiwada caldera and was deformed by post‐caldera plutonic intrusions that formed a resurgent dome. The Hotokezawa Ignimbrite is a calc‐alkaline, medium‐K dacite to rhyolite with SiO2 contents of 67.9–71.3 wt%, and has homogeneous trace‐element abundances and Sr–Nd isotopic ratios. These geochemical features suggest that the Hotokezawa magma was formed by partial melting of amphibolitic crustal rocks. This crystal‐rich magma did not appear during the post‐caldera stage. Therefore, it is plausible that the chamber of eruptible magma was emptied by the caldera‐forming eruption. In contrast, post‐caldera plutonic rocks exhibit a variety of compositions and have a clear SiO2 gap corresponding to the caldera‐forming magma: the early pluton (tonalite) and later ones (quartz porphyry, granite porphyries, and granite) contain 62.0–66.6 and 71.2–76.5 wt% SiO2, respectively. The tonalite and the Hotokezawa Ignimbrite form a continuous trend in their major‐element variations. The Sr–Nd isotopic ratios of the ignimbrite and tonalite overlap, but those of the porphyries and granite are more enriched. The early tonalite represents the more basic part of the Hiwada caldera system that was held in small pockets separate from the main magma chamber, because its trace‐element abundances are varied and distinct from those of the Hotokezawa Ignimbrite. The distinct compositional change from the Hotokezawa Ignimbrite to the late porphyries and granite indicates that the partial melting crust generating felsic magma was renewed by the subsequent intrusion of the mantle melts. The new felsic magma ascended through subsidence‐related faults into the shallow caldera system and emplaced as laccoliths forming the resurgent dome.
Histological evaluation of a novel phosphorylated pullulan‐based pulp capping material: An in vivo study on rat molars
Authors: Islam Rafiqul , Toida Yu , Chen Fei , Tanaka Toru , Inoue Satoshi , Kitamura Tetsuya , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Chowdhury Abu Faem Mohammad Almas , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly , Sano Hidehiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the dental pulp response to a novel mineral trioxide aggregate containing phosphorylated pullulan (MTAPPL) in rats after direct pulp capping.MethodsNinety‐six cavities were prepared in the maxillary first molars of 56 male Wistar rats. The dental pulps were intentionally exposed and randomly divided into four groups according to the application of pulp capping materials: MTAPPL; phosphorylated pullulan (PPL); a conventional MTA (Nex‐Cem MTA, NCMTA; positive control); and Super‐Bond (SB; negative control). All cavities were restored with SB and observed for pulpal responses at 1‐, 3‐, 7‐ and 28‐day intervals using a histological scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐test with Bonferroni's correction, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. DMP1 and CD34 antigen were used to evaluate odontoblast differentiation and pulpal vascularization, respectively.ResultsOn day 1, mild inflammatory cells were present in MTAPPL and NCMTA groups; fewer inflammatory cells were present in the PPL, whereas SB was associated with a mild‐to‐moderate inflammatory response. A significant difference was observed between PPL and SB (p < .05). No mineralized tissue deposition was observed. On day 3, moderate‐to‐severe inflammatory cells were present in PPL and SB, whereas MTAPPL and NCMTA had a mild inflammatory response. Initial mineralized tissue deposition was observed in the NCMTA, MTAPPL and SB. A significant difference was observed between MTAPPL and PPL (p < .05). On day 7, a thin layer of mineralized tissue was observed in all tested groups with no or mild inflammatory response. On day 28, no inflammatory response was observed in MTAPPL, whereas NCMTA, PPL and SB had mild inflammatory responses. A significant difference was observed between MTAPPL and SB (p < .05). Complete mineralized tissue barrier formation was observed in MTAPPL, NCMTA and PPL with no significant difference (p > .05). SB exhibited incomplete mineralized tissue barriers, significantly different from NCMTA, MTAPPL and PPL (p < .05). The staining with CD34 was positive in all the groups on all observation days.ConclusionThe favourable pulpal responses and induction of mineralized tissue formation associated with MTAPPL indicate its potential application as a direct pulp capping material.
Fibroblast pathology in inflammatory joint disease
Authors: Marsh Lucy‐Jayne , Kemble Samuel , Reis Nisa Patricia , Singh Ruchir , Croft Adam P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory disease in which fibroblasts contribute to both joint damage and inflammation. Fibroblasts are a major cell constituent of the lining of the joint cavity called the synovial membrane. Under resting conditions, fibroblasts have an important role in maintaining joint homeostasis, producing extracellular matrix and joint lubricants. In contrast, during joint inflammation, fibroblasts contribute to disease pathology by producing pathogenic levels of inflammatory mediators that drive the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells within the joint. Recent advances in single‐cell profiling techniques have transformed our ability to examine fibroblast biology, leading to the identification of specific fibroblast subsets, defining a previously underappreciated heterogeneity of disease‐associated fibroblast populations. These studies are challenging the previously held dogma that fibroblasts are homogeneous and are providing unique insights into their role in inflammatory joint pathology. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how fibroblast heterogeneity contributes to joint pathology in rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, we address how these insights could lead to the development of novel therapies that directly target selective populations of fibroblasts in the future.
Evolution of life cycles and reproductive traits: Insights from the brown algae
Authors: Heesch Svenja , Serrano‐Serrano Martha , Barrera‐Redondo Josué , Luthringer Rémy , Peters Akira F. , Destombe Christophe , Cock J. Mark , Valero Myriam , Roze Denis , Salamin Nicolas , Coelho Susana M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA vast diversity of types of life cycles exists in nature, and several theories have been advanced to explain how this diversity has evolved and how each type of life cycle is retained over evolutionary time. Here, we exploited the diversity of life cycles and reproductive traits of the brown algae (Phaeophyceae) to test several hypotheses on the evolution of life cycles. We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of four life‐history traits: life cycle, sexual system, level of gamete dimorphism and gamete parthenogenetic capacity. We assigned states to up to 77 representative species of the taxonomic diversity of the brown algal group, in a multi‐gene phylogeny. We used maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of correlated evolution, while taking the phylogeny into account, to test for correlations between traits and to investigate the chronological sequence of trait acquisition. Our analyses are consistent with the prediction that diploid growth evolves when sexual reproduction is preferred over asexual reproduction, possibly because it allows the complementation of deleterious mutations. We also found that haploid sex determination is ancestral in relation to diploid sex determination. However, our results could not address whether increased zygotic and diploid growth are associated with increased sexual dimorphism. Our analyses suggest that in the brown algae, isogamous species evolved from anisogamous ancestors, contrary to the commonly reported pattern where evolution proceeds from isogamy to anisogamy.
Association between metabolic syndrome and incidence of cholelithiasis in the Korean population
Authors: Kim Yeji , Oh Chang‐Mo , Ha Eunhee , Park Sung Keun , Jung Ju Young , Ryoo Jae‐Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCholelithiasis is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of various metabolic abnormalities, is also common with a continually increasing prevalence. These diseases are associated with several risk factors. However, data on the association between MetS components and cholelithiasis are insufficient. This study aimed to analyze the association of MetS and its components with the incidence of cholelithiasis using national data from the Korean population.MethodsData were obtained from the National Health Insurance Corporation of Korea, and 207 850 individuals without cholelithiasis in 2009 were enrolled and followed up until 2013. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence of cholelithiasis according to the presence of MetS and the number of MetS components. Furthermore, the risk of cholelithiasis was evaluated in individuals with a single metabolic component.ResultsThe multivariate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for incident cholelithiasis according to 1, 2, 3, and 4–5 MetS components were 1.08 (0.93–1.24), 1.22 (1.06–1.41), 1.35 (1.17–1.57), and 1.35 (1.15–1.57), respectively (P < 0.001). This increasing trend was observed in both sexes. Compared with participants with no metabolic components, those with low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol had a significantly increased risk for cholelithiasis (adjusted HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.05–1.85]).ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome is a potential risk factor for cholelithiasis. Low HDL cholesterol level is the most relevant factor among MetS components for incident cholelithiasis.
Efficacy of an artificial neural network algorithm based on thick‐slab magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography images for the automated diagnosis of common bile duct stones
Authors: Hou Jong‐Uk , Park Se Woo , Park Seon Mee , Park Da Hae , Park Chan Hyuk , Min Seonjeong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimMagnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) can accurately diagnose common bile duct (CBD) stones but is laborious to interpret. We developed an artificial neural network (ANN) capable of automatically assisting physicians with the diagnosis of CBD stones. This study aimed to evaluate the ANN's diagnostic performance for detecting CBD stones in thick‐slab MRCP images and identify clinical factors predictive of accurate diagnosis.MethodsThe presence of CBD stones was confirmed via direct visualization through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The absence of CBD stones was confirmed by either a negative endoscopic ultrasound accompanied by clinical improvements or negative findings on ERCP. Our base networks were constructed using state‐of‐the‐art EfficientNet‐B5 neural network models, which are widely used for image classification.ResultsIn total, 3156 images were collected from 789 patients. Of these, 2628 images from 657 patients were used for training. An additional 1924 images from 481 patients were prospectively collected for validation. Across the entire prospective validation cohort, the ANN achieved a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of 93.03%, 97.05%, 97.01%, 93.12%, and 95.01%, respectively. Similarly, a radiologist achieved a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy 91.16%, 93.25%, 93.22%, 90.20%, and 91.68%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only bile duct diameter > 10 mm (odds ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval [1.08–6.07], P = 0.040) was related to ANN diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionOur ANN algorithm automatically and quickly diagnoses CBD stones in thick‐slab MRCP images, therein aiding physicians with optimizing clinical practice, such as whether to perform ERCP.
Impact of group visits for older patients with heart failure on advance care planning outcomes: Preliminary data
Authors: Ahluwalia Sangeeta C. , Bandini Julia I. , Coulourides Kogan Alexis , Bekelman David B. , Olsen Bonnie , Phillips Jessica , Sudore Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAdvance care planning (ACP) is critically important for heart failure patients, yet important challenges exist. Group visits can be a helpful way to engage patients and caregivers in identifying values and preferences for future care in a resource‐efficient way. We sought to evaluate the impact of group visits for ACP among older adults with heart failure and their caregivers on ACP‐related outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐methods pilot study evaluating the impact of an ACP group visit for older adults with heart failure and their caregivers on ACP‐related outcomes including readiness and self‐efficacy. The evidence‐based PREPARE for Your Care video‐based intervention was used to guide the group visits. Twenty patients and 10 caregivers attended one of the five 90‐min group visits led by a trained facilitator. Group visit participants completed pre‐, post‐, and 1‐month follow‐up surveys using validated 5‐point ACP readiness and self‐efficacy scales. Qualitative feedback obtained within 3 days of a group visit was analyzed using a directed content analysis.ResultsPatient participants had a median age of 78 years. Approximately half were female while caregiver participants were mostly female. Participants were predominantly white. Patient readiness scores improved significantly pre‐to‐post (+0.53; p = 0.002) but was not sustained at 1‐month follow‐up. Patient and caregiver self‐efficacy showed some improvement pre‐to‐post but was also not sustained at follow‐up. Interviews revealed positive impacts of group visits across the three themes: encouraging reviewing or revisiting prior ACP activities, motivating patients to take direct steps towards ACP, and serving as a “wake‐up” call to action.ConclusionsDisease‐focused group visits may have a short‐term effect on ACP outcomes but ongoing touchpoints are likely necessary to sustain ACP over time. The results highlight a need for follow‐up ACP conversations after a single group visit. Timing for follow‐ups and the ideal person to follow‐up ACP conversations needs to be explored.
Increasing the energy efficiency of a data center based on machine learning
Authors: Yang Zhen , Du Jinhong , Lin Yiting , Du Zhen , Xia Li , Zhao Qianchuan , Guan Xiaohong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnergy efficiency of data centers (DCs) is of great concern due to their large amount of energy consumption and the foreseeable growth in the demand of digital services in the future. The past decade witnessed improvements of the energy efficiency of DCs from an extensive margin—a shift from small to large, more efficient DCs. Improvements from the intensive margin, that is, from more efficient operation, would be critical in limiting the energy consumption and environmental impact of DCs in the upcoming period. Machine learning algorithms have advantages in optimizing the operation of DCs to improve energy efficiency as they have shown the potential of discovering control strategies not found by traditional method, and producing working condition‐dependent control strategies. This study proposes ready‐to‐use machine learning methods with practical details to decrease the most commonly used energy efficiency metric—power usage effectiveness in DCs. We achieved an accurate prediction by properly selecting the features used in the proposed prediction models established by neural network, light gradient boosting machine, recurrent neural network, and random forests. The proposed approaches are implemented in one of the largest hyperscale DCs in China—Tencent Tianjin DC, to optimize the set points of controllable variables in the cooling system and to detect and adjust the unreasonable working conditions in the modular data centers. The lower bound of PUE reduction was 0.005 with the proposed approaches, leading to about 1500 MWh (0.24% of the total designed electricity consumption of this DC) of energy saved per year in this hyperscale DC. The proposed methods have the potential to be transferred to DCs of similar scale, and the framework of our work could serve as a guide for machine learning‐based optimization of environmental indicators in other complex product/service systems.