bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual-Mode Dielectric Filter for 5G System
Authors: Luo Bing , Zhan Zhong-Shan , Fang Bo , Zhang Yong-Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on 5G system, a cylindrical dual-mode resonator and filter are designed. The electric field distribution characteristics of each mode of the dual-mode resonator are analyzed by using high-frequency electromagnetic field simulation software. Based on the designed dual-mode resonator, through theoretical calculation and analysis, a 5G system dielectric dual-mode filter is designed by using the RF / microwave simulation software ADS/HFSS. The coupling between modes is realized by setting metal screw perturbation on surfaces. The effect of two coupled degenerate modes is equivalent to that of two coupled resonators, so that the number of resonators can be reduced while the resonant circuit remains unchanged. For example, two modes of a resonator can be used in a traditional n-section filter, the same physical space realizes the characteristic of 2n section filter, which greatly reduces the size of the filter. A 5G system dielectric filter is designed based on dual-mode resonator. The results show that in the pass-band (3.4 ∼ 3.5GHz), the return loss is more than 18db, the insertion loss is less than 0.3dB, the zero on the left side of the pass-band is 3.1716GHz, the zero on the right side of the pass-band is 3.8537GHz, the VSWR is less than 1.28. Transmission zeros are introduced on both sides of the pass-band, which improves the suppression ability out of pass-band. The 5G system dielectric filter has the advantages of low insertion loss, small size and good suppression performance out of pass-band. When applied to 5G wireless communication system, the anti-interference ability and stability of the system can be improved.
Biophysical permafrost map indicates ecosystem processes dominate permafrost stability in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Ran Youhua , Jorgenson M Torre , Li Xin , Jin Huijun , Wu Tonghua , Li Ren , Cheng Guodong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The stability of permafrost is of fundamental importance to socio-economic well-being and ecological services, involving broad impacts to hydrological cycling, global budgets of greenhouse gases and infrastructure safety. This study presents a biophysical permafrost zonation map that uses a rule-based geographic information system (GIS) model integrating global climate and ecological datasets to classify and map permafrost regions (totaling 19.76 × 106 km2, excluding glaciers and lakes) in the Northern Hemisphere into five types: climate-driven (CD) (19% of area), CD/ecosystem-modified (41%), CD/ecosystem protected (3%), ecosystem-driven (29%), and ecosystem-protected (8%). Overall, 81% of the permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere are modified, driven, or protected by ecosystems, indicating the dominant role of ecosystems in permafrost stability in the Northern Hemisphere. Permafrost driven solely by climate occupies 19% of permafrost regions, mainly in High Arctic and high mountains areas, such as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This highlights the importance of reducing ecosystem disturbances (natural and human activity) to help slow permafrost degradation and lower the related risks from a warming climate.
A surface modified microbial polymer inactivates quorum sensing molecules and incapacitates Sphingomonas paucimobilis biofilm formation in plumbing material
Authors: Gulati Parul , Ghosh Moushumi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report the potential antibiofilm properties of a chemically modified biopolymer on the formation of biofilms by Sphingomonas paucimobilis MG6 an opportunist pathogen isolated from distributed drinking water systems. The biopolymer obtained from the producer bacteria K. terrigena was quarternized and examined for safety using RAW 264.7 cell lines. The modified biopolymer (N-methyl biopolymer: NMB) at 1mg/ml inactivated AHL homologs of S. paucimobilis at ambient temperature. GC-MS and C. violaceum biosensor assays were used to evaluate loss of AHL molecules. On NMB coated coupons loss of biofilm formation under static conditions, was visualized by a rapid calcofluor assays and scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Applicability was further investigated in a flow through apparatus afforded with different plumbing materials, coated with NMB. Leaching of NMB was not observed and a complete absence of biofilms was noted on coated materials, especially in PVC. SEM and viable counts corroborated these observations. Overall, results of this study suggest that the novel material offers as a potential sustainable approach for controlling biofilms in drinking water systems.
Protein Structure and Function Prediction of SARS-CoV 2: Prospective Antivirus Active Drug Binding Sites
Authors: Sharma Shivi , Maheshwari Shefali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Today a newly emerged corona-virus known as SARS-CoV 2 has become a cause of global health concern and took away the lives of large number of people throughout the world. Corona-viruses are the enveloped virus with positive single stranded genome of 26.4 to 31.7 kb. Envelop of the corona-virus is made up of four structural proteins namely envelop protein (E), membrane protein (M), spike protein (S) and nucleocapsid protein (N). These four proteins are responsible for the overall shape and size of the virus (structure of virus). Envelop protein forms ion channels, membrane protein is responsible for the shape of the virus, spike protein is responsible for the entering inside the target host cell by binding to host receptor and nucleocapsid protein binds to the single stranded RNA genome of the virus forming multiple copies. We investigate the reliability and homogeneity among all the corona-virus species such as MERS CoV, Bat-CoV HKU4, Transmissible gastro-enteritis coronavirus (TGEV), Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), HCoV-229E and Whale-CoV SW1, M-CoV, Hedgehog coronavirus 1, Bulbul-CoV HKU11 etc, using a binary graph which is helpful in the findings of sequence reliability, secondary and tertiary structure model prediction using advanced model builder, we build the model of various protein/gene products by selecting them from SARS-COV 2, which further helpful in the finding of target-ligand binding for future therapeutic applications. Consequently by modeling the structure of the proteins we bring into being that envelop protein have pentameric protein lipid pores that allow ion transportation and were able to depict the active drug binding sites.
Experimental studies on utilization of Coarser Fly Ash in Concrete
Authors: Meshram V.G. , Pande A.M. , Borghate S.B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Fly ash is abundantly available in India. IS 3812 Part I & II regulate its usage in cement and concrete. It is well known fact that fineness of fly ash goes on increasing from boiler end to chimney, however the output goes on reducing. Past research normally indicate usage of finer (Hopper no. 4 & 5) fly ash in cement and concrete. Japan has upgraded its standards and specifications to accommodate all grades of fly ash available. The present research by the authors on all grades of fly ash samples through compressive strength development indicate all grades of fly ash can be used in concrete with a precaution that their performance should be investigated before use. Through graphical representations of test results presented in the paper, it is justified that coarser fly ash can very well be used in concrete making as per strength requirements.
The Growing Use of Nanotechnology in the Built Environment: A Review
Authors: Ghosal M , Chakraborty A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Though the past industrial revolutions had unleashed many of the world’s current problems including the Covid-19 virus but the 4th industrial revolution promises a sustainable future through the use of advanced materials like Nanotechnology. Not at all new, the use of this disruptive technology had its footprints in the pages of history - Ajanta Paintings, Damascus Sword & many others. Nano Titanium dioxide (58%) and Nano silica (21%) are the most used advanced materials in the nanotechnology-based building products while China in Asia and Germany in Europe are the two leading countries in the field of production of nanomaterials for building industry. India has been amongst the five top countries globally for technical publications in nano sciences & technology. This paper delves into the world of advanced nanomaterials and studies their impact on the construction industry vis-a-vis the built environment in India and abroad.
Entangled ripples and twists of light: radial and azimuthal Laguerre–Gaussian mode entanglement
Authors: Valencia Natalia Herrera , Srivastav Vatshal , Leedumrongwatthanakun Saroch , McCutcheon Will , Malik Mehul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is well known that photons can carry a spatial structure akin to a ‘twisted’ or ‘rippled’ wavefront. Such structured light fields have sparked significant interest in both classical and quantum physics, with applications ranging from dense communications to light–matter interaction. Harnessing the full advantage of transverse spatial photonic encoding using the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) basis in the quantum domain requires control over both the azimuthal (twisted) and radial (rippled) components of photons. However, precise measurement of the radial photonic degree-of-freedom has proven to be experimentally challenging primarily due to its transverse amplitude structure. Here we demonstrate the generation and certification of full-field LG entanglement between photons pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion in the telecom regime. By precisely tuning the optical system parameters for state generation and collection, and adopting recently developed techniques for precise spatial mode measurement, we are able to certify fidelities up to 85% and entanglement dimensionalities up to 26 in a 43-dimensional radial and azimuthal LG mode space. Furthermore, we study two-photon quantum correlations between nine LG mode groups, demonstrating a correlation structure related to mode group order and inter-modal cross-talk. In addition, we show how the noise-robustness of high-dimensional entanglement certification can be significantly increased by using measurements in multiple LG mutually unbiased bases. Our work demonstrates the potential offered by the full spatial structure of the two-photon field for enhancing technologies for quantum information processing and communication.
Calculation of vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary precious metal alloys using modified molecular interaction volume model
Authors: You Yanjun , Xu Junjie , Kong Lingxin , Xu Baoqiang , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work, the activities and activity coefficients of binary precious metal alloys (Ag-Pb, Ag-Sb, Ag-Bi, Au-Pb, Pd-Pb, Pt-Pb and Cu-Pb) were predicted using molecular interaction volume model (MIVM), modified MIVM (M-MIVM), Wilson equation and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model. The average standard deviation and average relative deviations of these models were also calculated. The results show that the prediction deviations of the M-MIVM were smallest among the four thermodynamic models, indicating that the M-MIVM is reliable. On this premise, the separation coefficient and vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of Ag-Pb, Au-Pb, Pd-Pb and Pt-Pb were calculated based on the M-MIVM. The results show that the separation coefficients were much larger than one, indicating that these alloys can be easily separated by vacuum distillation. There is good agreement between the predicted and experiment VLE data, indicating that M-MIVM is reliable for the VLE calculation in vacuum distillation. The VLE phase diagrams procured in this work can afford theoretical guidance for experimental design and industrial production in vacuum distillation.
Gaussians never extremize Strichartz inequalities for hyperbolic paraboloids
Authors: Carneiro Emanuel , Oliveira Lucas , Sousa Mateus 
Published: August 2021

For

ξ
=
(

ξ
1

,

ξ
2

,
…
,

ξ
d

)
∈

R

d

\xi = (\xi _1, \xi _2, \ldots , \xi _d) \in \mathbb {R}^d

let

Q
(
ξ
)

≔

∑

j
=
1

d

σ
j

ξ
j
2

Q(\xi ) \colonequals \sum _{j=1}^d \sigma _j \xi _j^2

be a quadratic form with signs

σ
j

∈
{
±
1
}

\sigma _j \in \{\pm 1\}

not all equal. Let

S
⊂

R

d
+
1

S \subset \mathbb {R}^{d+1}

be the hyperbolic paraboloid given by

S
=

{

(
ξ
,
τ
)
∈

R

d

×

R

:

τ
=
Q
(
ξ
)

}

S = \big \{(\xi , \tau ) \in \mathbb {R}^{d}\times \mathbb {R}\ : \ \tau = Q(\xi )\big \}

. In this note we prove that Gaussians never extremize an

L
p

(

R

d

)
→

L

q

(

R

d
+
1

)

L^p(\mathbb {R}^d) \to L^{q}(\mathbb {R}^{d+1})

Fourier extension inequality associated to this surface.
Atheism: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Atheism: A Very Short Introduction discusses the case for atheism. Atheism is often seen as simply a rejection of theism, but it encompasses so much more. Atheists are typically naturalists, who believe that meaning and morality are possible in a finite, natural world. ‘New Atheism’, a powerful new movement in atheism in the early 21st century, driven by books from authors such as Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris, has left a legacy. There is an important question to consider: whether East Asia has been historically atheist or not. Atheism can be located in recent European history. What is the position of atheists around the world today?
What is atheism?
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘What is atheism?’ examines what atheism is. Atheism is simply the belief that there is no God or gods. The atheist’s rejection of belief in God is usually accompanied by a broader rejection of any supernatural or transcendental reality. Indeed, the atheist is almost always a naturalist, believing that there is only the natural world and not any supernatural one. Materialism goes one step further than basic naturalism and claims that the only things that are real are material objects, made up of atoms and sub-atomic particles. This view was eventually replaced by the more sophisticated physicalism.
Atheism in history
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Atheism in history’ traces the origins and history of atheism. Atheism has its origins in Ancient Greece and although there have always been people who did not believe in God, atheism did not emerge as an overt and avowed belief system until late in the Enlightenment. Since the Enlightenment, almost all atheists have advocated state secularism, which has been one of the great triumphs of Western civilization. It is important to remember, however, that the history of Western atheism is not the history of global atheism. Despite the growth of atheism, suspicion, and even fear, of atheists remains widespread.
Climate surprises
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Climate surprises’ assesses the possibility that there are thresholds or tipping points in the climate system that may occur as we warm the planet. Scientists have been concerned about these tipping points over the last three decades. One can examine the way different parts of the climate system respond to climate change with four scenarios. These include linear but delayed response; muted or limited response; delayed and non-linear response; and threshold response. It is worth considering here the melting of the Greenland and/or Western Antarctic ice sheet; the slowing down of the North Atlantic deep ocean circulation; the potential massive release of methane from melting gas hydrates; and the possibility of the Amazon rainforest dieback.
In vitro ictogenesis is stochastic at the single neuron level
Authors: Lau Lauren A , Staley Kevin J , Lillis Kyle P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Seizure initiation is the least understood and most disabling element of epilepsy. Studies of ictogenesis require high speed recordings at cellular resolution in the area of seizure onset. However, in vivo seizure onset areas cannot be determined at the level of resolution necessary to enable such studies.
To circumvent these challenges, we used novel GCaMP7-based calcium imaging in the organotypic hippocampal slice culture model of post-traumatic epilepsy in mice. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures generate spontaneous, recurrent seizures in a preparation in which it is feasible to image the activity of the entire network (with no unseen inputs existing). Chronic calcium imaging of the entire hippocampal network, with paired electrophysiology, revealed three patterns of seizure onset: (i) low amplitude fast activity; (ii) sentinel spike; and (iii) spike burst and low amplitude fast activity onset. These patterns recapitulate common features of human seizure onset, including low voltage fast activity and spike discharges. Weeks-long imaging of seizure activity showed a characteristic evolution in onset type and a refinement of the seizure onset zone. Longitudinal tracking of individual neurons revealed that seizure onset is stochastic at the single neuron level, suggesting that seizure initiation activates neurons in non-stereotyped sequences seizure to seizure.
This study demonstrates for the first time that transitions to seizure are not initiated by a small number of neuronal ‘bad actors’ (such as overly connected hub cells), but rather by network changes which enable the onset of pathology among large populations of neurons.
Androgen receptor polymorphism, testosterone levels, and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Anne , Flanagan John , Arver Stefan , Norhammar Anna , Näsman Per , Rydén Lars , Mellbin Linda G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
Low testosterone has been associated with cardiovascular disease in men but with contradictory findings. Testosterone bind to the androgen receptor and polymorphisms of the receptor gene such as CAG repeat length may affect transcriptional activity, possibly mitigating testosterone effects. The aims were to study the CAG repeat length and testosterone levels at four time points following a myocardial infarction (MI) and to analyse possible relationships between CAG repeat length and cardiovascular prognosis.

Methods and results
Male patients admitted for acute MI (n = 122) from the Glucose in Acute Myocardial Infarction study were included. Blood samples were drawn at four time points (day after admission, at discharge, and at 3 and 12 months post-infarction) for assessment of testosterone levels. Patients were followed for a median of 11.6 years. Cox regression analyses were performed for CAG repeat length by one unit increment and by &gt; vs. ≤median for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Median CAG repeat length was 20. There was no difference in testosterone levels at each time point when dividing the cohort into ≤ vs. &gt;CAG repeat median (=20). There was no association between CAG repeat length either as a continuous or categorical variable in unadjusted and age-adjusted Cox analyses for cardiovascular events. While CAG &gt;20 was associated with all-cause mortality in unadjusted analyses (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.13–4.22; P = 0.02), it did not remain significant following adjustment for age.

Conclusion
CAG repeat length was not associated with testosterone levels or prognosis in men with acute MI.
Taxonomic Uncertainty and the Anomaly Zone: Phylogenomics Disentangle a Rapid Radiation to Resolve Contentious Species (Gila robustaComplex) in the Colorado River
Authors: Chafin Tyler K , Douglas Marlis R , Bangs Max R , Martin Bradley T , Mussmann Steven M , Douglas Michael E 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpecies are indisputable units for biodiversity conservation, yet their delimitation is fraught with both conceptual and methodological difficulties. A classic example is the taxonomic controversy surrounding the Gila robusta complex in the lower Colorado River of southwestern North America. Nominal species designations were originally defined according to weakly diagnostic morphological differences, but these conflicted with subsequent genetic analyses. Given this ambiguity, the complex was re-defined as a single polytypic unit, with the proposed “threatened” status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of two elements being withdrawn. Here we re-evaluated the status of the complex by utilizing dense spatial and genomic sampling (n = 387 and &gt;22 k loci), coupled with SNP-based coalescent and polymorphism-aware phylogenetic models. In doing so, we found that all three species were indeed supported as evolutionarily independent lineages, despite widespread phylogenetic discordance. To juxtapose this discrepancy with previous studies, we first categorized those evolutionary mechanisms driving discordance, then tested (and subsequently rejected) prior hypotheses which argued phylogenetic discord in the complex was driven by the hybrid origin of Gila nigra. The inconsistent patterns of diversity we found within G. robusta were instead associated with rapid Plio-Pleistocene drainage evolution, with subsequent divergence within the “anomaly zone” of tree space producing ambiguities that served to confound prior studies. Our results not only support the resurrection of the three species as distinct entities but also offer an empirical example of how phylogenetic discordance can be categorized within other recalcitrant taxa, particularly when variation is primarily partitioned at the species level.
Oral tolerance as antigen-specific immunotherapy
Authors: Pinheiro-Rosa Natália , Torres Lícia , Oliveira Mariana de Almeida , Andrade-Oliveira Marcos Felipe , Guimarães Mauro Andrade de Freitas , Coelho Monique Macedo , Alves Juliana de Lima , Maioli Tatiani Uceli , Faria Ana M Caetano 
Published: August 2021

SummaryOral tolerance is a physiological phenomenon described more than a century ago as a suppressive immune response to antigens that gain access to the body by the oral route. It is a robust and long-lasting event with local and systemic effects in which the generation of mucosally induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) plays an essential role. The idea of using oral tolerance to inhibit autoimmune and allergic diseases by oral administration of target antigens was an important development that was successfully tested in 1980s. Since then, several studies have shown that feeding specific antigens can be used to prevent and control chronic inflammatory diseases in both animal models and clinically. Therefore, oral tolerance can be classified as an antigen-specific form of oral immunotherapy (OIT). In the light of novel findings on mechanisms, sites of induction and factors affecting oral tolerance, this review will focus on specific characteristics of oral tolerance induction and how they impact in its therapeutic application.