bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Diameter Piringan Katup Limbah Terhadap Tekanan Aliran Balik Dalam Pompa Hidram
Authors: Laksana Kadek Bayu , Suarda Made , Ghurri Ainul 
Published: September 2021

Pompa hidram bekerja dengan memanfaatkan proses palu air. Terjadinya palu air akan mengakibatkan sebagian air menuju ke tabung udara dan sebagian lagi akan mengalami aliran balik pada pipa penggerak. Diameter piringan katup limbah mempengaruhi laju aliran dan gaya tekan di dalam badan pompa, sehingga akan mempengaruhi besarnya tekanan balik yang terjadi. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh diameter piringan katup limbah terhadap tekanan aliran balik dalam pipa penggerak pompa hidram. Penelitian menggunakan variasi diameter piringan katup limbah 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, dan 53 mm. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera berkecepatan tinggi yaitu 960 fps, untuk merekam aliran balik yang sudah disemprotkan gliter sebelumnya. Sehingga didapatkan jarak pergerakan gliter untuk mendapat kecepatan dan pada akhirnya mendapat tekanan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan diameter piringan katup limbah berpengaruh terhadap tekanan balik yang terjadi. Dimana head tekanan tertinggi terjadi pada diameter piringan katup limbah 40 mm sebesar 42.76 N/m2. Diikuti dengan debit pemompaan terbesar pada diameter piringan 42.88 mm sebesar 2.3 liter/menit. Selain tekanan, semakin besar diameter piringan katup limbah akan meningkatkan frekuensi dan efisiensi pompa hidram. Namun debit pembuangan menurun seiring bertambahnya diameter piringan.
Hydram pump works by utilizing the water hammer process. Water hammer that take place some water flow into the air tube and some other will back into the drive pipe. The waste valve disk diameter affects the flow rate and the pressure force inside the pump body, so that it will affect the back pressure. Therefore it is necessary to conduct further research on the effect of the waste valve disk diameter to backflow pressure in the hydram pump drive pipe. The work used variations in diameter of 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, and 53 mm. The flow pattern was recorded using a high-speed camera with 960 fps. The water was mixing with glitters. The glitter movement distance is obtained to get the speed and then its pressure. The results that show the diameter of the waste valve influences the back pressure. Finally the highest pressure is on the disk diameter 40 mm at 42.76 N/m2. Furthermore, the largest pumping debit was on a 42.88 mm disk diameter at 2.3 liters/minute. In addition, the larger valve disk diameter cause the higher frequency and efficiency. However, the waste debit decreases with increasing disk diameter.
Pengaruh Serapan Sistem Pendingin pada Shrinkage untuk Blister dari PVC
Authors: Antonius Dikky , Budiarto Budiarto , Tito Benedigtus 
Published: September 2021

Proses thermoforming dilakukan dengan memanaskan material lembaran plastik kemudian diberi tekanan atau vakum ke rongga cetakan untuk mendapatkan bentuk yang diinginkan. Pada penelitian ini, proses thermoforming diaplikasikan untuk membuat Blister. Dimana Blister adalah tempat memasukan obat berbentuk pila tau kapsul. Temperatur air pendingin (forming temperature) diatur dari mulai 19oC, 21oC dan 25oC, sementara temperatur pemanasan (heating temperature) disusun dari mulai 110oC, 120oC dan 130oC untuk masing-masing temperatur air pendinginan. Kualitas Blister diukur dengan metode visual, serta menggunakan jangka sorong digital untuk melihat shrinkage (cacat penyusutan) yang mungkin terjadi. Kebocoran blister juga dicek dengan menggunakan pompa vakum. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa seiring temperatur air pendingin dinaikkan, maka energi yang dilepas oleh mesin sebagai panas semakin turun diakibatkan perbedaan antara temperatur pemanasan dan pendinginan yang semakin sedikit. Pengujian toleransi ukuran menggunakan jangka sorong memperlihatkan bahwa penyusutan terjauh dialami oleh sampel dengan temperatur pemanasan 110oC, pengujian visual juga menyatakan hasil dari sampel pada temperatur pemanasan 110oC tidak terbentuk semuanya. Sampel dengan temperatur pemanasan 120oC dan 130oC mempunyai kualitas yang jauh lebih baik dalam hal toleransi dibandingkan temperatur pemanasan 110oC. Toleransi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh sampel dengan temperatur pemanasan 130oC dan pendinginan 25oC, namun sayangnya, dari pengujian vakum, parameter ini menunjukkan indikasi kebocoran.
Thermoforming is one of the forming process which heating the material – usually plastic – then pressurized to form the shape. In this research thermoforming processes applied to make a Blister. Blister is one of the medicine container – usually capsule. The forming temperature is set in 19oC, 21oC, and 25oC, meanwhile heating temperature is set in 110oC, 120oC and 130oC. The quality check by visual and using digital caliper to check the shrinkage. Meanwhile, the vacuum pump is used to check the leak of Blister. The result shows that the energy released by the machine is smaller when the forming temperature is increased, caused by the differentiation of the heating temperature and the forming temperature. The highest shrinkage shown in the sample heated at 110oC and formed at temperature 19oC. However, by visual check, the sample heated at 110oC is broken regardless the forming temperature made. Better quality shown in the sample heated at 120oC and 130oC. The lowest shrinkage shown by the sample heated at 130oC and formed at 25oC, however the vacuum test indicated there are leak in the Blister.
Analisa dan Desain Compact Condensor di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap (PLTGU) Tanjung Priok
Authors: Sutina I Wayan , Wijaya Kusuma I Gusti Bagus , Priambadi I Gusti Ngurah 
Published: September 2021

Kondensor merupakan salah satu komponen penukar panas yang berfungsi untuk membuang panas dari fluida uap air (steam) pada sebuah sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga gas dan uap (PLTGU). Namun komponen kondensor ini memiliki dimensi yang cukup besar sehingga memerlukan lahan yang luas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan dimensi kondensor yang lebih ringkas (compact) yang memerlukan lahan yang sedikit dalam penerapannya dilapangan. Desain Compact kondensor diawali dengan pengambilan data dilapangan, menghitung efisiensi kondensor awal (0,44), dan proses simulasi pada aplikasi CFD desain kondensor exisiting untuk mengetahui gambara dari proses perpindahan panas yang terjadi. Proses perhitungan untuk desain compact kondensor dilakukan untuk mendapatkan ukuran dimensi dan kinerja compact kondensor. Dari hasil perhitungan desain yang dilakukan didapatkan dimensi compact kondensor dengan panjang : 2 ft = 0,6096 m, lebar : 1 ft = 0,3048 m, dan tinggi 8 ft = 2,4384 m, dengan Volume Compact kondensor = 16 ft3 = 4,8768 m3, Efisiensi Sirip : 0.924027, Efisiensi Sirip Overall: 0.936563, Efisiensi kondensor : 0.60, Pressure Drop Sisi uap : 0,5184 Bar, Pressure Drop Sisi air : 1,4734 Bar, Daya Sisi uap : 70.43555 Watt, Daya Sisi air : 25.03529 Watt. Nilai efisiensi yang dihasilkan dari desain compact kondensor lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kondensor awal dengan dimensi yang lebih kecil.
The condenser is one of the heat exchanger components that functions to remove heat from the water vapor fluid (steam) in a gas and steam power plant (PLTGU) system. However, this condenser component has dimensions large enough to require a large area. This research was conducted to obtain a condenser dimension that is more compact (compact) which requires less land in its application in the field. Compact condenser design begins with data collection in the field, calculating the efficiency of the initial condenser (0.44), and the simulation process in the application of the exisiting condenser CFD design to find out the details of the heat transfer process that occurs. The calculation process for compact condenser design is carried out to get the dimensions and compact condenser size. From the results of design calculations performed, the dimensions of the compact condenser with length: 2 ft = 0.6096 m, width: 1 ft = 0.3048 m, and height 8 ft = 2.4384 m, with condenser Compact Volume = 16 ft3 = 4 , 8768 m3, Fin Efficiency: 0.924027, Overall Fin Efficiency: 0.936563, Condenser efficiency: 0.60, Pressure Drop Vapor side: 0.5184 Bar, Pressure Drop Water side: 1.4734 Bar, Steam Side Power: 70.43555 Watt, Water Side Power : 25,03529 Watt. The efficiency value resulting from the compact condenser design is higher than the initial condenser with smaller dimensions.
Pengaruh Variasi Busi Terhadap Performa dan Emisi Gas Buang pada Sepeda Motor
Authors: Syahrifudin Ardi , Teguh Santoso Deri , Naubnome Viktor 
Published: September 2021

Performa sepeda motor dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, diantaranya adalah penggantian beberapa part pada sepeda motor. Salah satu bagian yang banyak untuk dimodifikasi adalah busi yang dipercaya dapat meningkatkan performa. Bahan bakar yang digunakan juga dapat mempengaruhi performa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh penggunaan variasi busi terhadap torsi, daya dan emisi gas buang. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan analisis uji statistik one way anova untuk dapat melihat pengaruh dari variasi busi yang dilakukan. Dari hasil perhitungan softwere analisis statistik one way anova dapat disimpulkan bahwa variasi busi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap torsi karena F value < F crit (0,031 < 5,143253). Variasi busi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap daya karena F value < F crit (0,003 < 5,143253). Variasi busi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap HC karena F value < F crit (3,48 < 5,143253). Variasi busi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap CO karena F value < F crit (4,97 < 5,143253). Variasi busi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap , karena F value < F crit (1,207 < 5,143253). Variasi busi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap , karena F value > F crit (5,528 > 5,143253).
Motorcycle performance is influenced by many factors, including the replacement of several parts on a motorcycle. One of the many parts to modify is the spark plug which is believed to improve performance. The fuel used can also affect performance. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of using variations of spark plugs on torque, power and exhaust emissions. The method used is to use one way ANOVA statistical test analysis to be able to see the effect of the variation of the spark plugs performed. From the results of software calculations one way ANOVA statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the variation of spark plugs does not significantly influence torque because F value < F crit (0.031 < 5.143253). The variation of the spark plugs did not significantly influence the power because the F value < F crit (0.003 < 5.143253). Variation of spark plugs did not significantly influence HC because F value < F crit (3.48 < 5.143253). Spark plug variation does not significantly influence CO because F value < F crit (4.97 < 5.143253). Spark plug variation does not significantly influence , because F value < F crit (1.207 < 5.143253). Spark plug variations significantly influence , because F value > F crit (5,528 > 5,143253).
Analisa Parameter Laser Marking pada Material Stainless Steel Terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Kedalaman Marking
Authors: Antonius Dikky , Pandu Cyrillus 
Published: September 2021

Proses marking merupakan proses pemberian identitas kepada material atau produk tertentu dalam rangka menghitung, memberi nomor produk, memberi tanda dsb. Bagi material yang keras dan diproduksi dalam jumlah yang banyak seperti logam, proses marking diberikan dengan Laser Marking Machine. Pada penelitian ini, mesin laser marking diatur pada kecepatan 50mm/s, 100mm/s dan 150mm/s. Masing-masing kecepatan mesin menggunakan frekuensi dan power yang ditingkatkan: 20Hz, 60Hz dan 100Hz; 20%, 60% dan 100% power dari mesin, sementara penembakan dilakukan secara vertical dengan sudut 0o. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi 60Hz memperoleh kedalaman marking yang maksimal yaitu 3,58µm diantara parameter lainnya. Sementara dari penangkapan gambar mikrostruktur ditunjukkan bahwa kenaikan power dan frekuensi juga berpengaruh kepada melebarnya diameter dari hasil marking pada permukaan spesimen. Peningkatan kecepatan hanya berpengaruh terhadap kedalaman marking untuk frekuensi yang besar.
Marking process is one of manufacture process which function to give the identity for the material or final product. For material with high-hardness properties and high-volume production such as metal, the processed is held by Laser marking machine. In this research, the processes were held at speed 50mm/s, 100mm/s and 150mm/s. The frequencies and powers are increased gradually for each speed of the laser machine. The frequencies and powers are 20Hz, 60Hz and 100Hz; 20%, 60% and 100% respectively, while the shoot-angle set at 0o (vertically). The results show that the maximum depth (3,58µm) is achieve when the machines at speed 50mm/s, while the frequencies and powers applied are 60Hz and 100%x10Watt respectively. From the figure of microstructure, the increasing of power and frequencies will enhance the divergence-angle of laser thus increase the width of making process. The increasing of speed will increase the depth of marking for high frequencies such as 100Hz.
Analisa Korelasi Nilai Konduktivitas Air Pendingin Terhadap Efisiensi Turbin Uap PLTP Karaha
Authors: Ginting Ernanda , Mortowidjojo Aryantono , Atmadi Priyono 
Published: September 2021

Uap yang digunakan sebagai penggerak turbin berasal dari sumur produksi dua fasa dengan karakteristik water dominated. Selain water dominated, uap dari sumur mengandung banyak mineral dari perut bumi seperti Silika, Klorida, Sodium, Kalsium, Sulfate, Potasium, Magnesium, Boron dan Iron. Mineral tersebut ikut terlarut bersama uap yang terkondensasi menjadi kondensat, kondensat yang didinginkan untuk dipakai kembali sebagai air pendingin mengandung zat-zat pengotor yang mempengaruhi proses heat mass balance PLTP Karaha 1x30MW.Kondisi tersebut merupakan masalah yang diangkat pada penelitian ini dengan melakukan uji analisa korelasi konduktivitas air pendingin terhadap efisiensi PLTP Karaha 1x30MW dengan menggunakan software orange 3.27.1.Dari hasil analisa pearson correlation, scatter plot dan distributions didapatkan korelasi yang cukup kuat antara konduktivitas air terhadap efisiensi turbin dengan nilai koefisien pearson correlation yang sebesar -0.436. Konduktivitas air pendingin dengan nilai rata-rata 1181 µS/cm memiliki efisiensi turbin diatas 71.5%, sedangkan konduktivitas air pendingin dengan nilai rata-rata 1248 µS/cm memiliki efisiensi turbin dibawah 66.4%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan kenaikan dan penurunan konduktivitas air pendingin memiliki korelasi dengan efisiensi turbin uap PLTP Karaha 1x30 MW.
The steam used to drive the turbine comes from a two-phase production well with the characteristic of being water dominated. Apart from water dominated, steam from the wells contains many minerals from the bowels of the earth, such as Silica, Chloride, Sodium, Calcium, Sulfate, Potassium, Magnesium, Boron and Iron. These minerals are also dissolved with the steam which condenses into condensate, condensate which is cooled to be reused as cooling water contains impurities that affect the heat mass balance process of PLTP Karaha 1x30MW.This condition is a problem that is raised in this research by analyzing the correlation analysis of cooling water conductivity to the efficiency of Karaha 1x30MW PLTP using orange 3.27.1 software.From the analysis of the pearson correlation, scatter plot and distributions, it was found that there was a strong correlation between water conductivity and turbine efficiency with the pearson correlation coefficient value of -0.436. The conductivity of the cooling water with an average value of 1181 µS / cm has a turbine efficiency above 71.5%, while the conductivity of the cooling water with an average value of 1248 µS / cm has a turbine efficiency below 66.4%. So it can be concluded that the increase and decrease in cooling water conductivity has a correlation with the efficiency of the Karaha 1x30 MW PLTP steam turbine.
Analisa Waktu Operasi Terhadap Temperatur dan Tekanan pada Mesin Diesel
Authors: Sari Nasmi Herlina , Suteja Suteja , Ahmad Efendi Yudi 
Published: September 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa temperatur, dan tekanan pada setiap komponen mesin Mesin diesel Sulzer 16 ZAV 40S selama beroperasi 8 jam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Iradat Aman Sektor Pringgabaya Lombok. Engine Control Panel (ECP) dan Generator Control Panel (GCP) telah digunakan untuk menentukan nilai dari tekanan, dan temperatur berdasarkan sensor yang telah dipasang pada komponen mesin. Pengukuran temperatur dan tekanan dilakukan setiap jam selama 8 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa setelah mesin beroperasi selama 4 jam sampai 7 jam; temperatur stator, temperatur gas buang, temperature silinder sisi A dan silider sisi B mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dikarenakan kebocoran pada silinder A dan B. Sedangkan tekanan pada mesin masih normal dan tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan.
This study aims to analyze the temperature and pressure of each component of the Sulzer 16 ZAV 40S diesel engine for 8 hours of operation. This research was conducted at PT. Iradat Aman Sector Pringga Baya Lombok. The Engine Control Panel (ECP) and Generator Control Panel (GCP) have been used to determine the value of pressure and temperature based on sensors that have been installed on engine components. Temperature and pressure measurements were carried out every hour for 8 hours. The results showed that after the machine operated for 4 hours to 7 hours; stator temperature, exhaust gas temperature, cylinder temperature side A and side cylinder B experienced a significant decrease due to leaks in cylinders A and B. On the other hand, the pressure on the engine was still normal and did not experience a significant change.
Lithostratigraphy of the Vuurdood Subsuite, an early mafic-ultramafic phase of the Palaeoproterozoic Vioolsdrif Intrusive Suite, Richtersveld Magmatic Arc, Northern Cape Province
Authors: Reid D.L. , Minnaar H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mafic-ultramafic plutonic intrusions form an early phase in the emplacement of the predominantly granitic Vioolsdrif Suite, which together with its extrusive carapace, the Orange River Group, form the Richtersveld Magmatic Arc, a Palaeoproterozoic crustal segment formed between 1910 and 1865 Ma. Their lithologic character and distinctive dark weathering features in the mountain desert landscape of the Richtersveld, neighbouring regions of the Northern Cape Province and southern Namibia, make them a separate mappable unit in what is a predominantly granitic terrain. The name of the subsuite is taken from a spectacular twin peak massif near Goodhouse (Vuurdoodberg), while the type locality is one of the best preserved central-type intrusive bodies at Swartkop, situated 2 km off the N7 highway about 20 km south of the border town of Vioolsdrif, where the rock types present include gabbro, metagabbro, quartz-metagabbro, peridotite and troctolite.
Tribulation, merveilleux noir et rétrogenèse : l’épique en littérature de jeunesse
Authors: Casta Isabelle Rachel 
Published: September 2021

Fidèle à la pensée benjaminienne, nous présenterons quelques aspects contemporains de la production « épique », principalement young adult, en en soulignant les aspects «pseudo-édifiants », puis nous montrerons en quoi ce legendarium réfère à une érotétique du mixte entre « chronos » et « kaïros » – entre le long temps du récit linéaire et l’exceptionnalité de l’instant foudroyant. Quant au « merveilleux noir » (formule empruntée à Denis Labbé), il s’appliquera davantage aux séries medfan, grandes porteuses de souffles et d’événements épiques ; il est de fait un préjugé bien ancré dans le champ culturel français de n’avoir pas, comme on dit, la « fibre épique » … Mais par un savoureux détour c’est la plus moderne fantasy qui va permettre à la littérature de revenir au « bel agir ».
Mots-clés : épopée et jeunesse , high fantasy , médiévisme , cycles , quêtes.
Gaiotti, F, & Hamaide-Jager, É. (2020). "La chanson dans la littérature d´enfance et de jeunesse". Arras Cedex (Francia). Artois Presses Université, 2021, 244 pp.
Authors: Fernández Amat Carmen 
Published: September 2021

Resumen del contenido del libro La chanson dans la litterature d´enfance et de jeunesse y valoración sobre la publicación.
Measuring of Subjective and Objective Aesthetics in Planning and Urban Design
Authors: Al-Salam Nadia A. , Al-Jaberi Ahmed A. , Al-Khafaji Ahmed S. 
Published: September 2021

The article includes the concept of aesthetics through what has been dealt with in the literature by philosophers and researchers who have addressed this concept in an attempt to derive indicators of aesthetics. The article adopted a descriptive and analytical methodology by reviewing recent literature on the concept of aesthetics and its relation to urban planning and design issues. Many subjective and objective aesthetics indicators have been identified, some of which are classified under real aesthetics, and some under fake aesthetics. The indicators were applied to the Kufa Mosque complex and Sahla Mosque complex as a comparative case study. It was found that the indicators of real aesthetics have a higher weight in determining the final aesthetic judgment on the complex form versus the fake indicators, which in turn reinforced the weighting of the subjective aspect over the objective. This was consistent with the answer to the question directed to the sample about which complexes are more aesthetic. The answer was that the Kufa Mosque complex is most aesthetically. This was proven by the questions directed in the questionnaire, which outweighed the real aesthetic indicators for the Kufa Mosque complex. As for the results of analyzing the indicators of fake aesthetic were equal, as each complex achieved higher values in three indicators. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091743 Full Text: PDF
Physico-mechanical Behaviors and Durability of Heated Fiber Concrete
Authors: Benali Redha , Mellas Mekki , Baheddi Mohamed , Mansouri Tarek , Boufarh Rafik 
Published: September 2021

The objective of the present manuscript is to describe the impact of polypropylene fibers on the behavior of heated concrete subjected to heating and cooling cycles at temperatures of 200, 450 and 600 °C respectively for six hours, through a series of experimental tests on mass loss, water absorption, porosity, compressive and tensile strength. For this purpose, mixes were prepared with a water/cement ratio with the incorporation of polypropylene fibers with a rate varying from 0.5 to 1.5%. These fibers were added in order to improve the thermal stability and to prevent the concrete from splitting. The results show that a considerable loss of strength was noticed for all tested specimens. The relative compressive strengths of the concretes containing polypropylene fibers were higher than those of the concretes without fibers. Also, a greater loss of mass of the polypropylene fibers compared to those without fibers was noticed when increasing the temperature. The flexural tensile strength of the concrete was more sensitive to elevated temperatures than the compressive strength and a rapid increase in porosity was observed for the fiber-reinforced concrete compared to the reference concrete. Furthermore, water absorption by the fibers is proportional to the fiber content of the concrete. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091745 Full Text: PDF