bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health, Psychosocial, and Social Issues Emanating From the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Social Media Comments: Text Mining and Thematic Analysis Approach
Authors: Oyebode Oladapo , Ndulue Chinenye , Adib Ashfaq , Mulchandani Dinesh , Suruliraj Banuchitra , Orji Fidelia Anulika , Chambers Christine T , Meier Sandra , Orji Rita 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis that affects many aspects of human lives. In the absence of vaccines and antivirals, several behavioral change and policy initiatives such as physical distancing have been implemented to control the spread of COVID-19. Social media data can reveal public perceptions toward how governments and health agencies worldwide are handling the pandemic, and the impact of the disease on people regardless of their geographic locations in line with various factors that hinder or facilitate the efforts to control the spread of the pandemic globally.ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people worldwide using social media data.MethodsWe applied natural language processing (NLP) and thematic analysis to understand public opinions, experiences, and issues with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic using social media data. First, we collected over 47 million COVID-19–related comments from Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and three online discussion forums. Second, we performed data preprocessing, which involved applying NLP techniques to clean and prepare the data for automated key phrase extraction. Third, we applied the NLP approach to extract meaningful key phrases from over 1 million randomly selected comments and computed sentiment score for each key phrase and assigned sentiment polarity (ie, positive, negative, or neutral) based on the score using a lexicon-based technique. Fourth, we grouped related negative and positive key phrases into categories or broad themes.ResultsA total of 34 negative themes emerged, out of which 15 were health-related issues, psychosocial issues, and social issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic from the public perspective. Some of the health-related issues were increased mortality, health concerns, struggling health systems, and fitness issues; while some of the psychosocial issues were frustrations due to life disruptions, panic shopping, and expression of fear. Social issues were harassment, domestic violence, and wrong societal attitude. In addition, 20 positive themes emerged from our results. Some of the positive themes were public awareness, encouragement, gratitude, cleaner environment, online learning, charity, spiritual support, and innovative research.ConclusionsWe uncovered various negative and positive themes representing public perceptions toward the COVID-19 pandemic and recommended interventions that can help address the health, psychosocial, and social issues based on the positive themes and other research evidence. These interventions will help governments, health professionals and agencies, institutions, and individuals in their efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19 and minimize its impact, and in reacting to any future pandemics.
Directly Observed Therapy to Measure Adherence to Tuberculosis Medication in Observational Research: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ragan Elizabeth J , Gill Christopher J , Banos Matthew , Bouton Tara C , Rooney Jennifer , Horsburgh Charles R , Warren Robin M , Myers Bronwyn , Jacobson Karen R 
Published: February 2021

Background
A major challenge for prospective, clinical tuberculosis (TB) research is accurately defining a metric for measuring medication adherence.

Objective
We aimed to design a method to capture directly observed therapy (DOT) via mobile health carried out by community workers. The program was created specifically to measure TB medication adherence for a prospective TB cohort in Western Cape Province, South Africa.

Methods
Community workers collect daily adherence data on mobile smartphones. Participant-level adherence, program-level adherence, and program function are systematically monitored to assess DOT program implementation. A data dashboard allows for regular visualization of indicators. Numerous design elements aim to prevent or limit data falsification and ensure study data integrity.

Results
The cohort study is ongoing and data collection is in progress. Enrollment began on May 16, 2017, and as of January 12, 2021, a total of 236 participants were enrolled. Adherence data will be used to analyze the study’s primary aims and to investigate adherence as a primary outcome.

Conclusions
The DOT program includes a mobile health application for data collection as well as a monitoring framework and dashboard. This approach has potential to be adapted for other settings to improve the capture of medication adherence in clinical TB research.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02840877; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02840877
Reactance to Social Authority in Entertainment-Education Media: Protocol for a Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vandormael Alain , Adam Maya , Hachaturyan Violetta , Greuel Merlin , Favaretti Caterina , Gates Jennifer , Baernighausen Till 
Published: February 2021

Background
Entertainment-education media can be an effective strategy for influencing health behaviors. To improve entertainment-education effectiveness, we seek to investigate whether the social authority of a person delivering a health message arouses the motivation to reject that message—a phenomenon known as reactance.

Objective
In this study, using a short animated video, we aim to measure reactance to a sugar reduction message narrated by a child (low social authority), the child’s mother (equivalent social authority to the target audience), and a family physician (high social authority). The aims of the study are to determine the effect of the narrator’s perceived social authority on reactance to the sugar reduction message, establish the effectiveness of the video in improving behavioral intent to reduce the intake of added sugars, and quantify participants’ interest in watching the entertainment-education intervention video.

Methods
This is a parallel group, randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention video narrated by a low, equivalent, or high social authority against a content placebo video and a placebo video. Using a web-based recruitment platform, we plan to enroll 4000 participants aged between 18 and 59 years who speak English and reside in the United Kingdom. The primary end points will include measures of the antecedents to reactance (proneness to reactance and threat level of the message), its components (anger and negative cognition), and attitudinal and behavioral intent toward sugar intake. We will measure behavioral intent using list experiments. Participants randomized to the placebo videos will be given a choice to watch one of the sugar-intervention videos at the end of the study to assess participant engagement with the entertainment-education video.

Results
The study was approved by the ethics committee of Heidelberg University on March 18, 2020 (S-088/2020). Participant recruitment and data collection were completed in December 2020. The data analysis was completed in April 2021, and the final results are planned to be published by August 2021.

Conclusions
In this trial, we will use several randomization procedures, list experimentation methods, and new web-based technologies to investigate the effect of perceived social authority on reactance to a message about reducing sugar intake. Our results will inform the design of future entertainment-education videos for public health promotion needs.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00022340: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022340.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/25343
Mortality and Access to Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease–Associated Kidney Failure
Authors: Bae Sunjae , Johnson Morgan , Massie Allan B. , Luo Xun , Haywood Carlton , Lanzkron Sophie M. , Grams Morgan E. , Segev Dorry L. , Purnell Tanjala S. 
Published: February 2021

Background and objectives
Patients with sickle cell disease–associated kidney failure have high mortality, which might be lowered by kidney transplantation. However, because they show higher post-transplant mortality compared with patients with other kidney failure etiologies, kidney transplantation remains controversial in this population, potentially limiting their chance of receiving transplantation. We aimed to quantify the decrease in mortality associated with transplantation in this population and determine the chance of receiving transplantation with sickle cell disease as the cause of kidney failure as compared with other etiologies of kidney failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using a national registry, we studied all adults with kidney failure who began maintenance dialysis or were added to the kidney transplant waiting list in 1998–2017. To quantify the decrease in mortality associated with transplantation, we measured the absolute risk difference and hazard ratio for mortality in matched pairs of transplant recipients versus waitlisted candidates in the sickle cell and control groups. To compare the chance of receiving transplantation, we estimated hazard ratios for receiving transplantation in the sickle cell and control groups, treating death as a competing risk.

Results
Compared with their matched waitlisted candidates, 189 transplant recipients with sickle cell disease and 220,251 control recipients showed significantly lower mortality. The absolute risk difference at 10 years post-transplant was 20.3 (98.75% confidence interval, 0.9 to 39.8) and 19.8 (98.75% confidence interval, 19.2 to 20.4) percentage points in the sickle cell and control groups, respectively. The hazard ratio was also similar in the sickle cell (0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.91) and control (0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.55) groups (interaction P=0.8). Nonetheless, the sickle cell group was less likely to receive transplantation than the controls (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.87). Similar disparities were found among waitlisted candidates (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.72).

Conclusions
Patients with sickle cell disease–associated kidney failure exhibited similar decreases in mortality associated with kidney transplantation as compared with those with other kidney failure etiologies. Nonetheless, the sickle cell population was less likely to receive transplantation, even after waitlist registration.
Delirio de Cotard: presentación de caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: De Jesúsa Manuel R. , Rojas José A. , Mejía Sang Miguel , Disla Vanesa , Nova Seily , González Elvis 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: el Síndrome o Delirio de Cotard (CS) es una condición psiquiátrica infrecuente caracterizada por la presencia de delirio de negación (o nihilista), donde el paciente refiere desde pérdida de capacidades intelectuales y expresión de sentimientos, hasta la negación de la propia existencia y la del cosmos. Fue descrito por primera vez por el neuropsiquiatra francés Jules Cotard en el año 1880.
El síntoma cardinal es el delirio nihilista, que consiste en un espectro de ideas de negación normalmente relacionadas con el cuerpo (negando la funcionabilidad o presencia de uno o más órganos internos) o con la existencia (pudiendo creer que está muerto o que todos en el mundo están muertos).
Presentación de caso: se realizó el reporte de un caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años de edad, proveniente de Los Hidalgos, Provincia Puerto Plata, República Dominicana, con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión y trastorno esquizoide no especificado. Dicho paciente presentó los característicos delirios nihilistas, además de alucinaciones olfativas y auditivas, verborrea, aumento de la motricidad, anorexia, insomnio y soliloquio.
A pesar de la limitada bibliografía, se pretendió comparar la presentación de dicho paciente con otros casos de Delirio de Cotard.
Clima e incidencia de la Malaria durante períodos inter e intra-epidémicos en el Gran Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
Authors: Tapia Leandro , Arredondo- Abreu Cesar , Mrvos Nicole , Ruiz-Matuk Carlos , Paulino-Ramírez Robert 
Published: February 2021

El cambio climático tiene importantes implicaciones de salud pública, las cuales se incrementan en la malaria. En zonas donde nunca antes se había identificado las diferentes especies de Plasmodium se convirtió en realidad. Por consiguiente, la comprensión de la relación entre esta enfermedad y el clima se ha convertido en una prioridad de salud global. En este estudio extrajimos los casos reportados de malaria y los informes climáticos de bases de datos de información pública entre 2012 y 2018. Mediante análisis de regresión confrontamos los casos de malaria semanales con promedios climáticos de semana de retraso. Durante los períodos inter-epidémicos la humedad relativa (b = .1101, p <0.001) y la temperatura media (b = 0.118, p < 0.001) fueron predictores significativos de incidencia de malaria. Sin embargo, durante los períodos intra-epidémicos, estos predictores se comportan de manera diferente: humedad relativa (b = -0.265, p<0.05) y temperatura media (b = -1.47, p<0.001). La temperatura media y la humedad relativa impulsan la incidencia de malaria en Santo Domingo. Estas dos variables pueden servir de predictores para futuros brotes en regiones de alta incidencia poblacional.
An Executable Axiomatization of the REA2 Ontology
Authors: Laurier Wim , Horiuchi Satoshi , Snoeck Monique 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The formalization of the REA2 ontology presented in this paper offers a minimal set of operationalized semantics for a single white-box model relevant to all business stakeholders independent of their role or involvement in economic activities. This paper's theoretical innovations are the use of MERODE to model increment and decrement semantics as fundamental stand-alone concepts that simultaneously affect economic resources, event, agents, and the semantics of the stock-flow, participation, and ownership associations and the formalization of the REA axioms as executable finite state machines. MERODE's possibilities for model execution through fast prototyping allowed validation through the modeling of an archetypical exchange scenario. Both innovations contribute to the reliability of a generic semantic model for finance and logistics in both the traditional, as well as the sharing, economy, thus promoting traceability and accountability in value networks and supply chains supported by both centralized and decentralized ledger technologies.
Performance Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and Prevalence of rpoB Gene Mutation in <em> Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</em> in Clinical Isolates Quetta, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Khan Ashraf Ullah , Khan Shereen , Hidayatullah  , Ullah Zabi 
Published: February 2021

With the use of Xpert assay, the detection mechanism of tuberculosis has completely transformed. Concurrently detecting mycobacterium and its resistance to rifampin (rif) which is also one of the primary marker for MDR-TB in addition to its surrogate activity against MTB in first line drugs. At large, resistance of mycobacterium strains against rifampicin is caused by rpoB gene mutations about 96.1 % globally while these mutations are generally situated at a site of 507-533rd residuals of amino acid in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium, this region is also termed as Rifampicin resistance determining region (RRDR). In this study, we determined the mutations of various rpoB genes in different probes of 81 bp of RRD Region. A total of 6353 different specimens obtained at provincial reference laboratory of Fatima Jinnah general and chest hospital, Quetta (FJHQ), between Jan 2016 and Apr 2018 were examined by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Altogether positive and negative samples for MTB were further examined with the light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscope. Pearson Chi square test was used to find out the associations between probe type and gender, treatment history and age group of the patients. Out of 6353 specimens 1297 MTB positive cases were detected by Xpert assay including 184 samples having both mycobacterium and RIF-resistance advised by mutations in 81 bp-RRD Region of rpoB gene which is further divided into five different probes. Further LED fluorescence microscope detected and confirmed 327 positive MTB samples out of 1297 specimens of Xpert assay. The associated probes mutation for rifampicin resistance were as follow: E (98/184), D (23/184), B (15/184), C (5/184), A (3/184), two probe mutation (5/184) in D&E (3/184) and C&D (2/184) and all probe mutation (35/184). The percentage of rpoB gene mutation in the studied population was 14.187 %. The commonest mutation associated with rpoB gene was in Probe E (53.2608%) also termed as 531 and 533 codons, additionally two probe mutation (2.7173%) in D&E (1.6304%) and C&D (1.0869%) and all probe mutation (19.0217%) were also detected that has never been detected before globally.
Effects of various wound dressings on microbial growth in perfused equine musculocutaneous flaps
Authors: De Clercq Eva , Den Hondt Stien , De Baere Cindy , Martens Ann M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of multiple wound dressings on microbial growth in a perfused equine wound model.

SAMPLE
Abdominal musculocutaneous flaps from 16 equine cadavers.

PROCEDURES
8 full-thickness skin wound covered were created in each flap. Tissues were perfused with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Wounds were inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (106 CFUs), incubated, and covered with a dressing containing activated charcoal, boric acid, cadexomer iodine, calcium alginate, manuka honey, nanoparticle silver, or polyhexamethylene biguanide or with a control (nonadherent gauze) dressing. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline (immediately prior to dressing application) and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours later for mean bacterial load (MBL) determination. The MBLs at each subsequent time point were compared with that at baseline within dressing types, and MBLs at each time point were compared among dressing types.

RESULTS
MBLs in MRSA-inoculated wounds covered with cadexomer iodine dressings were significantly decreased from baseline at the 6− and 12-hour time points. For P aeruginosa–inoculated wounds, MBLs were significantly increased from baseline in all wounds at various times except for wounds with cadexomer iodine dressings. The MBLs of wounds with cadexomer iodine dressings were lower than all others, although not always significantly different from those for wounds with boric acid, manuka honey, nanoparticle silver, and polyhexamethylene biguanide dressings.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In this nonviable perfused wound model, growth of MRSA and P aeruginosa was most effectively reduced or inhibited by cadexomer iodine dressings. These results and the effect of the dressings on wound healing should be confirmed with in vivo studies.
Evaluation of cerebral blood flow in the hippocampus, thalamus, and basal ganglia and the volume of the hippocampus in dogs before and during treatment with prednisolone
Authors: Yamazaki Kentaro , Yoshimura Aritada , Miyahara Shunsuke , Sugi Shoma , Itono Maho , Kondo Mina , Tsuji Nanako , Shimizu Miki , Fukushima Ryuji , Kishimoto Miori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To examine whether glucocorticoid (GC) administration alters hippocampal cerebral blood flow (CBF) or volume in dogs.

ANIMALS
6 clinically normal adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES
Each dog underwent CT and MRI to measure the CBF in the hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex and the volume of the hippocampus in each hemisphere of the brain before (day 0) and during (days 7 and 21) a 21-day treatment with prednisolone (1.0 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) and famotidine (0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h). Results for hippocampal volume, anesthesia-related variables, and semiquantitative measurements of CBF (hemisphere-specific ratios of the CBF in the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and thalamus relative to the CBF in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and the left cerebral cortex CBF-to-right cerebral cortex CBF ratio) were compared across assessment time points (days 0, 7, and 21).

RESULTS
The ratios of CBF in the right hippocampus and right thalamus to that in the right cerebral cortex on day 21 were significantly lower than those on day 0. No meaningful differences were detected in results for the hippocampal volume in either hemisphere or for the anesthesia-related variables across the 3 time points.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that GC administration reduced CBF in the hippocampus and thalamus in dogs of the present study, similar to that which occurs in humans. Research on GC-related brain alteration in dogs could potentially contribute to advancements in understanding Alzheimer disease in humans and neurodegenerative conditions in dogs.
Przestrzenna dyfuzja technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych (na przykładzie rozprzestrzeniania się kodu kreskowego w województwie wielkopolskim)
Authors: Męczyński Michał 
Published: February 2021

With advances of globalisation at the close of the 20th century, economic development started to rely more and more heavily on innovation in information and communication technologies (ICT). Through progress in this field, there appeared new possibilities of communicating, and acquiring and processing information. The application and practical use of information and communication technologies began to determine the competitiveness of businesses, regions, and states.Most of the works on the growing role of ICT in the economy published to date have employed an approach developed within economic sciences; they have largely been analyses of a dynamic nature. The spatial aspect has often been ignored. The concept that fills the gap is the theory of the spatial diffusion of innovation employed in the geographical sciences. The present article seeks to reconstruct the spatial diffusion of ICT in the enterprises of Wielkopolska voivodeship, using the EAN bar code in the years 1990–2002 as an example. The analysis showed the mechanism of ICT spread and provided a basis for a typology of communes by the rate of adoption of this type of technology. In this way, areas were identified in which innovation appears in the initial period of the spatial diffusion process, i.e. the most innovative ones, and those where innovation appears at a later time, i.e. lagging behind.
Funkcje przemysłu w potencjale społeczno-ekonomicznym centrów rozwoju województwa śląskiego
Authors: Wiedermann Anita 
Published: February 2021

Participation of industry in economic structures of the Silesian province was decreasing between 1984 and 2006. The biggest impact it had was on changes of labour markets. During the analysed period, the number of workplaces in the province decreased from 1, 714, 404 in 1984 to 1, 058, 576 in 2006, which is about 36%. In the same time, the share of industry in the regional labour market fell down from 1, 149, 319 to 503, 190 (about 56%). As a result, the participation of industry in general employment dropped down from 65% to 45%. Similar trends could be observed in changes between the economic centres of the Silesian province. The number of workplaces decreased by about 38% in regional economy, while employment in industry was reduced by about 58%. As a result, the participation of industry in general employment dropped to the level of 21%. Significant changes could be observed in the economic structure of individual centres of the province. In the years of centrally planned economy, the structure of workplaces in the centres was dominated by industrial-specialized, industrial, and industrial-service types (96,4%). In 2006, the structure was more differentiated, with the predominating types being service-industrial, industrial-service, and service ( 70,5% ).