bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 implications at the Clinical University Center in Kosovo – Department of Pediatrics
Authors: Spahiu Lidvana , Berisha Egzona , Hadziselimovic Rifat , Nefic Hilada , Temaj Gazmend 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionIn late December 2019, the first pneumonia cases of unknown origin were identified in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in central China. While the most data are available for adult patients with COVID-19, limited reports analyze pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients at the Pediatric Clinical Center of Kosovo.Material and methodsThis research is retrospective and includes data for the period from 8 July 2020 to 6 January 2021. In this study we obtained data from different documents and patients’ records, providing information regarding gender, age, number of cases, most frequent diagnosis, critical patients, etc.ResultsOut of 69 pediatric patients hospitalized in the clinic during the seven months, 50 patients tested positive with COVID-19. The study sample represented an equal number of males and females (50/50), while the average age of the patients was 6 years. Based on the pediatric age groups, the study sample comprises 16 patients of the age groups of 1 month–2 years, 20 patients of the age group of 2–6 years; 4 patients of the age group of 6–12 years, and 10 patients of the age group of 12–18 years.ConclusionsData suggest that pediatric cases of COVID-19 in adolescents have more severe symptoms than in the other age groups; however, in general children tend to cope much more easily with the virus than adults.
Up-regulated YKL-40 is associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients with hepatitis B related cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Zhengdong , Wang Hui , Yan Zhe , Zhu Kaihua 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionTo investigate clinical significance of YKL-40 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatitis B (HBV) related cirrhosis.Material and methodsThe present prospective observational study included 129 cases of HCC patients. Besides, 152 patients with only hepatitis B related cirrhosis and 110 HCC patients with no cirrhosis were also enrolled during the same period. Additionally, 100 healthy individuals were enrolled as control. Serum YKL-40 levels were determined using ELISA method. Levels of serum albumin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) as well as HCC related biomarkers of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GCT-II), α-L-Fucosidase (AFU), CEA and CA19-9 were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe expression of YKL-40 was the highest in HCC patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and the lowest in the healthy control, and the difference was significant compared with other groups. And HCC patients showed markedly higher YKL-40 levels than the HBV-related cirrhosis patients. Patients with higher expression of YKL-40 showed higher ratio of TNM IV, lymphatic metastasis and Child-Pugh C, and higher serum levels of AFP, AFU and CA19-9 than those in the patients with lower levels of YKL-40. YKL-40 level was positively correlated with AFP and AFU. Survival analysis showed patients with higher expression of YKL-40 had shorter 1-year survival time than the patients with lower YKL-40.ConclusionsYKL-40 was elevated in HCC patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and high expression of YKL-40 predicted poor prognosis and shorter 1-year survival.
Natural killer cell activity level in colorectal cancer screening in an average risk population
Authors: Amankulov Jandos , Kaidarova Dilyara , Zholdybay Zhamilya , Zagurovskaya Marianna , Shatkovskaya Oxana , Ainakulova Akmaral , Orazgaliyeva Madina 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionIncreased natural killer cell activity (NKCA) is linked to reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several prior studies have investigated the association of NKCA and the incidence of CRC in high-risk subjects. The aim of our study was to investigate NKCA sensitivity in diagnosing advanced neoplasia (AN) and CRC in an average risk population.Material and methodsNKCA was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) blood test in average risk subjects with a range of 25–2500 pg/ml set for ELISA. NKCA higher than 200 pg/ml was defined as negative. The performance of NKCA was evaluated using measures such as sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV), clinical utility index, etc. In addition, odds ratios for developing CRC using logistic regression models were calculated.ResultsNKCA was evaluated in 354 average risk individuals (mean age: 58.5 years; 36.2% male). The diagnostic accuracy of NKCA for CRC and AN was 75.5% and 72.3% respectively, with 96.4% NPV. The NKCA test demonstrated a good negative clinical utility index for CRC and AN (0.664 and 0.741, respectively). Individuals with low NKCA had 6.84 times higher odds of having CRC (95% CI: 2.31–20.27; p < 0.001). NKCA was higher in men vs. women (548.5 pg/ml vs. 500.0 pg/ml) and lower in smokers (412 pg/ml vs. 544 pg/ml), non-exercisers (413 pg/ml vs. 653.5 pg/ml), alcohol users (389 pg/ml vs. 476 pg/ml), and native Kazakhs and other Asian ethnic groups (446 pg/ml vs. 514 pg/ml).ConclusionsA high NKCA level has potential ability to rule out CRC and AN in an average risk population.
Decoding the link between personality traits
and resilience. Self-determination is the key
Authors: Burtaverde Vlad , Ene Cristina , Chiriac Elena , Avram Eugen 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionResilience is described as a process where an individual mobilizes his personal and external resources to overcome stressors and trauma. As a consequence, researchers tried to identify the factors that contribute to resilience with the aim of developing valid psychological interventions that target resilience. Many authors have stated that personality traits represent an important category of predictors of resilience. The most important relationships were found between high levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability and resilience.Material and methodsWe relied on a community sample (N = 252, Mage = 26.38, SD = 10.17, 62.5% women, 39.5% men) to test the hypothesized indirect relationship between the Big Five personality traits, self-determination, and resilience. The participants were voluntarily recruited from various social media platforms. The participants completed measures of Big Five personality factors, self-determination, and resilience.ResultsWe found that all the Big Five factors were positively related to resilience. Impersonal orientation (low self-determination) mediated the relationship between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness on the one hand and resilience on the other hand.ConclusionsRelying on the low impersonal orientation components (e.g., sense of competence, determination, lack of anxiety, or depression) scientists and practitioners can enhance resilience by teaching their clients to be more self-determined. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Lung density analysis using quantitative computed tomography
in children with pectus excavatum
Authors: Sarioglu Fatma C. , Gezer Naciye S. , Odaman Huseyin , Sarioglu Orkun , Ulusoy Oktay , Ates Oguz , Guleryuz Handan 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionTo evaluate the mean lung density in children with pectus excavatum (PE) and to assess the correlation between the cardiac rotation angle, Haller index, pulmonary function test, and lung density.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 33 children with PE and 31 healthy controls. The densities of lung parenchyma were evaluated by quantitative computed tomography (CT). Three lung levels were determined: T4 vertebra level, T10 vertebra level, and the level of the measurement of the cardiac rotation angle. The cardiac rotation angle and the Haller index were calculated. All measurements were done by 2 radiologists, independently. Student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, intraclass correlation coefficients, Pearson or Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsAll the lung levels in the PE group had lower mean densities than healthy children, with statistical significance in the right lung at the T10 vertebra level (−818.60 ± 33.49 HU, −798.45 ± 40.24 HU; p = 0.028). There was a correlation between the cardiac rotation angle and the Haller index (ρ = 0.593; p < 0.001). There were no correlations between mean lung density and cardiac rotation angle, Haller index, and pulmonary function tests.ConclusionsThe lower mean lung densities were found in PE, especially in the right lower lobe. The parenchymal aeration should be considered independently from the severity of PE.
Diálogo de alfabetos
Authors: Valença Fabíola 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo é uma proposta de interpretação sobre a dupla estabelecida entre oartista (sua obra) e o fruidor. Está pensado a partir da minha própria experiência como artista plástica na relação que as exposições performativas estabeleceram com os participantes. Considera-se a interação estabelecida pela provocação artística realizada perante o público como um ponto de partida para suscitar reações que se possibilitaram e não se controlam. Neste sentido, escrevo este artigo com um objectivo: considerar que se podem entender essas reações como arte em estado germinal. Em certa medida, esta escrita seguirá esse rumo.
Good Governance and Good Public Administration
Authors: Patyi András 
Published: September 2021

The following article will examine the main principles of good governance and good public administration. It will outline the structure of reforms which have been accomplished in Hungary since the change in government in 2010, with special attention paid to the provisions of the new Constitution of Hungary that entered into force in 2012, and the Magyary Zoltán Public Administration Development Program, which will elaborate on the characteristics of what is considered the ‘good state.’
The Assumptions of a New Tax Ordinance in Poland
Authors: Etel Leonard , Popławski Mariusz 
Published: September 2021

In 2014, the General Tax Law Codification Committee (GTLCC), responsible for drafting a new Tax Ordinance, was established in Poland. This paper intends to present, in two parts, the expectations of this new Tax Ordinance, which has been prepared by the GTLCC. The first details how the protection of taxpayers’ rights will be fulfilled, and the second focuses on the legal constructs used to increase the efficiency and efficacy of the Tax Ordinance.
Supporting the Performance and Efficiency of Governance – Expediency Control and Performance Measurement in SAI’s Audit
Authors: Domokos László , Németh Erzsébet , Jakovác Katalin 
Published: September 2021

The main goal of the management of public funds and public assets is to promote social well-being. In order to realize this main goal and to evaluate individual measures, it is indispensable to sub-categorize the primary objective, determine the hierarchy of objectives, assign measurable criteria to the objectives, evaluate performance, and provide feedback. By performing objective, professionally-sound evaluations and providing feedback, independent audits contribute significantly to the improvement of performance. A basic requirement of all audits, however, is the auditability of the objective’s implementation and effectiveness, and the definition of performance criteria for each objective. A large part of the proven methods and tools used in the for-profit sector for performance assessment can be applied successfully at organizations of the public sector as well. The audit findings of the State Audit Office of Hungary (SAO) confirm that the management and control systems of both public entities and state-owned enterprises need to be improved significantly in order to ensure good governance and public sector management. Indicators that capture and adequately measure the effectiveness and efficiency of public spending are important prerequisites for the efficient management of public funds and for the planning process.
Diminished responsibility determinations in England and Wales and New South Wales: whose role is it anyway?
Authors: Crofts Thomas , Wake Nicola 
Published: September 2021

A decade has passed since changes to the Homicide Act 1957, section 2 (under section 52 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009) were implemented. The issues that have arisen since implementation have resulted in significant role confusion in the operation of the partial defence, with the real risk of inconsistent outcomes in practice. The article argues that medicalisation of the partial defence in England and Wales has impacted the role of parties in reaching plea agreements pre-trial, rendered the delineation between legal and medical questions regarding the recognised medical condition requisite unclear and produced significant role confusion between medical experts and jurors in assessing the partial defence. The position stands in stark contrast to the approach under the Crimes Act 1900 (New South Wales) section 23A, where the legislation explicitly outlines the respective role of the medical experts and jurors and prohibits experts from commenting on whether murder ought to be reduced to manslaughter in such cases.
The Impact of Diabetes on Osteoporosis Management and Secondary Fracture Risk After Primary Fragility Fractures: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Ross Bailey J. , Lee Olivia C. , Harris Mitchel B. , Dowd Thomas C. , Savoie Felix H. , Sherman William F. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Rates of osteoporosis evaluation and management after primary fragility fractures have remained low in recent years. The extent to which this treatment gap affects patients with diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to compare the risk of secondary fractures and rates of osteoporosis diagnosis and management after sentinel fractures in patients with and without diabetes.

Methods:
A propensity score–matched cohort study was conducted using the PearlDiver database. Patients aged 50 years and older with primary fragility fractures of the hip, wrist, spine, pelvis, humerus, and other locations were identified. Rates of secondary fractures, dual radiograph absorptiometry (DXA) scans, charted osteoporosis diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions), and osteoporosis pharmacotherapy within 2 years were compared for patients with and without diabetes using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
Matching yielded 27,052 patients in each cohort. Index humerus fractures were more common in the diabetic cohort (15.0% versus 11.6%, P < 0.001), whereas wrist fractures were more prevalent among the nondiabetic cohort (15.2% versus 19.3%, P < 0.001). Incidence of secondary fractures at 2 years was higher for diabetic patients than nondiabetic patients (5.2% versus 4.7%; odds ratio [OR] 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.17). Diabetic patients were significantly less likely to receive a DXA scan (13.2% versus 13.5%; OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98), be diagnosed with osteoporosis (9.3% versus 11.9%; OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.82), or start pharmacotherapy (8.1% versus 8.7; OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.99).

Conclusion:
Despite diabetes being a well-established risk factor for fragility fractures, diabetic patients were significantly less likely to receive DXA scan evaluation, be formally diagnosed with osteoporosis, or be treated with osteoporosis pharmacotherapy after a sentinel fragility fracture. Incidence of secondary fractures within 2 years was also higher among diabetic patients.
The effect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children brushing habits, plaque index, and caries indices in children
Authors: Kuter Berna , Kanmaz Burcu 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children's caries indices, plaque scores, and brushing habits in children aged 5-17 years.
Methodology: A total of 100 children (39 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 61 healthy children) were included in the study. The plaque index, decay-missed-filled primary tooth (dmf-t) index, and decay-missed-filled permanent tooth (DMF-T) index values were evaluated by clinical examination. The plaque was evaluated using the Silness and Loe Plaque Index. Patient forms were examined to evaluate brushing habits.
Results: When the survey data was examined, the number of healthy children who brushed their teeth was higher than that of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (p<0.05). The dental visit and dental treatment rates were similar in both groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of plaque index and dmf-t and DMF-T scores (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were observed to neglect oral care routines more than their healthy counterparts; however, this did not affect plaque and caries index values.

How to cite this article: Kuter B, Kanmaz B. The effect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children brushing habits, plaque index and caries indices in children. Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):109-13. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.8

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
La docencia del dibujo arquitectónico en época de pandemia
Authors: Escoda Pastor Carmen , Sastre Sastre Ramon , Bruscato Underléa Miotto 
Published: September 2021

La pandemia del covid-19 ha afectado a muchos países y a muchos sectores de la sociedad, uno de ellos es la educación y especialmente la enseñanza en la Universidad. La docencia de asignaturas esencialmente prácticas, como el dibujo arquitectónico, conlleva una relación directa y personal entre estudiante y profesor, una continua interacción en el proceso de aprendizaje. Esta peculiaridad nos obliga a establecer lazos de confianza con el estudiante, lo que implica necesariamente una parte presencial. Con la voluntad de responder adecuadamente a las nuevas circunstancias y a las necesidades educativas, vamos a investigar sobre las nuevas formas de enseñanza online a las que nos hemos visto abocados, en aras de evitar perder la motivación, de suplir las carencias del contacto directo, y de las relaciones que surgen de la vida universitaria, relaciones que muy a menudo perduran toda la vida.
The covid-19 pandemic has affected many countries and many sectors of society, one of them is education and especially teaching at the University. The teaching of essentially practical subjects, such as architectural drawing, involves a direct and personal relationship between student and teacher, a continuous interaction in the learning process. This peculiarity forces us to establish ties of trust with the student, which necessarily implies a face-to-face part. With the desire to respond adequately to new circumstances and educational needs, we are going to investigate the new forms of online teaching to which we have been led, in order to avoid losing motivation, to fill the gaps in direct contact, and from relationships that arise from college life, relationships that very often last a lifetime.
Assessment of Association between Gas Flaring and Prevalence of Diseases: Delineation of Opinion from Perception
Authors: Obi Nkemdilim I. , Bwititi Phillip T. , Adjene Josiah O. , U. Nwose Ezekiel 
Published: September 2021

Background: Pollutants are released into the atmosphere by gas flaring, and these cause a range of health problems, including heart disease and respiratory disorders. This article assesses the opinion and perception of the community regarding association between gas flaring and prevalence of diseases.
Methodology: This research followed a descriptive quantitative approach. Purposive survey using 2 Likert scale questionnaires was adopted, and the first questionnaire collected data on distance to gas flare site, health status and family health history, amongst others. The second collected data on perception and knowledge-based opinions regarding association and correlation. Summated Likert scale were collated and descriptive and correlation analysis between distance to gas flare site and number of diseases in respondents and their families were done.
Results: In this purposive survey, there is no correlation between nearness to gas flare and prevalence of diseases. There appears no difference in communities proximal to flare sites compared to non-host communities farther from site. Multivariate analysis further shows that no statistically significant difference between groups, except in comparison of perceptions. Conclusion: This investigation shows a variation from previous observation in this series i.e. that distance to gas flare site is a potential factor influencing community members’ perception about their health impact, but the surveyed opinion of healthcare workers differs. This implies that nearness to gas flare sites mediate perception of negative health impact and this calls for further research to delineate perception from knowledge-based opinion.
Self‐Driving Platform for Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis: Combining Microfluidics and Machine Learning
Authors: Tao Huachen , Wu Tianyi , Kheiri Sina , Aldeghi Matteo , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany applications of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), including photocatalysis, photovoltaics, chemical and biochemical sensing, and theranostics, are governed by NP optical properties. Exploration and identification of reaction conditions for the synthesis of NPs with targeted spectroscopic characteristics is a time‐, labor‐, and resource‐intensive task, as it involves the optimization of multiple interdependent reaction conditions. Integration of machine learning (ML) and microfluidics (MF) offers accelerated identification and optimization of reaction conditions for NP synthesis. Here, an autonomous ML‐driven, oscillatory MF platform for the synthesis of NPs is reported. The platform utilized multiple recipes and reaction times for the synthesis of NPs with different dimensions, conducted spectroscopic NP characterization, and employed ML approaches to analyze multiple yet prioritized spectroscopic NP characteristics, and identified reaction conditions for the synthesis of NPs with targeted optical properties. The platform is also used to develop an understanding of the relationship between reaction conditions and NP properties. This study shows the strong potential of ML‐driven oscillatory MF platforms in materials science and paves the way for automated NP development.