bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Cooling Unit on High-speed Motorized Spindle Temperature With a Scaling Factor
Authors: Zheng Dexing , Chen Weifang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Forced cooling, as an efficient way of heat dissipation, significantly affects the spindle temperature. Although a full cooling passage was factored into the finite element analyses by some scholars, often only the model for the front or rear half of a spindle is need for the purpose of the thermal evaluation simplification and data overhead reduction in engineering applications. So far, how the coolant passage affects the heat dissipation of the front or rear half of a spindle has not been well characterized. This paper devotes to constructing a scaling factor to represent the coolant unit effect on the thermal growth of spindles. The experiments about the effect of coolant units on spindle temperature were first implemented, and then the qualitative conclusions were got with various coolant parameter settings. To further quantify these influences, the regressive analysis was carried out. As a result, the peak temperature area was found and the scaling factors were proposed to describe the effect of the cooling system on the front or rear half of spindle temperature. In this process, the thermal equivalent convection for coolant passage was modeled based on the thermal resistance theory. In the meantime, we planned a novel thermal network of a motored spindle for contrast and validation, in which the cooling mechanism was integrated, and the structural constraints were considered by the aid of the proposed scaling factors. The result is indicative of a better agreement with real values when employing the proposed model.
Dose-response relationship of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on Rhipicephalus microplus ticks
Authors: zeina Ghirmay , Laing Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Isolation and optimization are the primary step in the development of fungal pathogens for biological control agents. In this study, three indigenous strains of Beauveria bassiana (Bb-27, Bb-40 and Bb-41) and one commercial strain (Eco-Bb) were tested for dose/response relationship of the fungus against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks.
Results

We used R. microplus larvae of 2 weeks of age, and exposed them to four conidial concentrations: 1x103, 3x105, 4x107, 3.2x108 conidia.mL− 1 of each strain. Water was used as a control. Larval mortality was significantly affected by the type of formulation. There was a positive relationship between the concentration of the formulation and mortality of the treated ticks. All the ticks treated with the formulation containing 3.2x108 conidia.mL− 1 resulted in high levels of mortality.
Conclusions

From this study, it can be concluded that, because of the diversity in the performance of B. bassiana strains, optimization of the formulation for different Isolates of B. bassiana can be achieved through scrutinizing the virulence of the Isolates.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of 94wt% WC - 3wt% TiC - 6wt% Co Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Aghaali Vahid , Ebadzadeh Touradj , Zahraee Seyed Mohammad , Mirkazemi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cemented carbide 94wt% WC − 3wt% TiC − 6wt% Co was sintered by spark plasma sintering at various temperatures of 1200, 1300, and 1400°C and the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of this type of hard metals, such as total density, apparent density, hardness, and fracture surface were measured and observed using Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM), Optical Microscopy (OM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and mechanical test instruments. The results showed that the apparent density of the samples increased with increasing sintering temperature from 1200℃ to1300℃ from 13.98 g/cm3 to 14.23 g/cm3, respectively. But in the case of sample sintered at 1400℃, the density was reduced to 14.20 g/cm3. Also, micro-hardness results showed that the hardness of sintered samples increased with the increase of sintering temperature. For the sample sintered at 1200°C the hardness value of 1746.41HV was obtained which increased with increasing sintering temperature from 1300℃ to 1400℃ from 2094.33HV to 2280.97HV, respectively. At the optimum sintering temperature, it was found that TiC inhibited the grain growth of tungsten carbide and increased the hardness values. In addition, as expected, the grain growth of tungsten carbide increased with increasing sintering temperatures. Examination of the fracture surface of sintered samples at different temperatures also showed that brittle fracture involves fracture.
Evaluating the utility of an international webinar as a platform to educate students and doctors on the UK Core Surgical Training Portfolio
Authors: Raj Siddarth , Bola Harroop , Rai Amar , Grover Sarika , Bandyopadhyay Anisha , Naruka Vinci 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Core Surgical Training (CST) is a competitive two-year postgraduate training program in the UK that is scored based on three equally weighted stations: management, clinical and portfolio. Preparing a surgical portfolio can start in medical school, however, there is limited guidance on what forms a competitive portfolio with the majority of advice coming from surgical societies and mentors, which are variable throughout the country. Our aim was to assess the utility of a webinar to educate students and doctors on the CST portfolio to address this disparity.
Methods

Pre- and post-event questionnaires that included demographic data, 10-point Likert scales to self-report confidence on understanding of the CST portfolio and its domains, and questions on utilising webinars were distributed to attendees. Pre- and post-event responses were paired, and scores were assessed for normality via the Shapiro-Wilk test; the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess statistical significance. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to report standardised differences between pre- and post-event scores.
Results

A total of 177 participants from over 24 countries attended and responded to both questionnaires. A statistically significant improvement in awareness of how to score maximum points was demonstrated across all nine CST domains (p < 0.0001). Almost half of the participants stated a preference for a webinar over an in-person format and only less than a third felt that webinars limited their ability to network and socialise at such events. Interestingly, most attendees did not feel that their university had provided them with adequate information on preparing for a surgical career with over half of the attendees stating that they had to attend events by external organisations to obtain such information.
Conclusions

This study has demonstrated that a webinar can be effectively utilised to educate students and doctors on the various domains of the CST portfolio and how to maximise points in each section. Such events could address the variability of societies and mentors across the country and provide equal opportunities for students. Further studies that directly compare webinars with in-person events and investigate long-term outcomes, such as success in CST applications, are required.
Natural selection at the RASGEF1C (GGC) repeat in human and divergent genotypes in late-onset neurocognitive disorder.
Authors: Jafarian Zahra , Khamse Safoura , Afshar Hossein , Khorshid Hamid Reza Khorram , Delbari Ahmad , Ohadi Mina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Expression dysregulation of the neuron-specific gene, RASGEF1C (RasGEF Domain Family Member 1C), occurs in late-onset neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease. This gene contains a (GGC)13, spanning its core promoter and 5′ untranslated region (RASGEF1C-201 ENST00000361132.9). Here we sequenced the (GGC)-repeat in a sample of human subjects (N=269), consisting of late-onset NCDs (N=115) and controls (N=154). We also studied the status of this STR across various primate and non-primate species based on Ensembl 103. The 6-repeat allele was the predominant allele in the controls (frequency=0.85) and NCD patients (frequency=0.78). The NCD genotype compartment consisted of an excess of genotypes that lacked the 6-repeat (divergent genotypes) (Mid-P exact=0.004). A number of those genotypes were not detected in the control group (Mid-P exact=0.007). The RASGEF1C (GGC)-repeat expanded beyond 2-repeats specifically in primates, and was at maximum length in human. We conclude that there is natural selection for the 6-repeat allele of the RASGEF1C (GGC)-repeat in human, and significant divergence from that allele in late-onset NCDs. STR alleles that are predominantly abundant in human and genotypes that deviate from those alleles are underappreciated features, which may have deep evolutionary and pathological consequences in human.
Community satisfaction with Enhanced Community Health Workers Activities in Mukono District, Uganda
Authors: Kabali Kenneth , Bulafu Douglas , Behringer Hannah , O’Donovan James , Mutimba Edward Mwebe , Mugabi Henry , Nalweyiso Elizabeth , Chukina Margharita , Stiles Christiana , Macrae Mackenzie , O'Niel Edward 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Although the community health workers’ (CHWs) / volunteer health teams’ (VHTs) work is widely appreciated, some households do resist their interventions, and figures of authority sometimes question their manner and ability. Despite critical shortage of health workers’ world-over, little has been done to explore whether community health workers satisfy the people they serve. To fill this VHT training and support gap, Omni Med Uganda, a local Non-Governmental Organization in Uganda, has been implementing an enhanced hybrid VHT program since 2008. This study aimed at assessing community satisfaction with the CHW activities involved the enhanced CHW program.
Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was employed. Qualitative data was collected from 217 participants using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, proportions, and means were performed for socio-demographic characteristics, Community satisfaction, and CHW activities. Prevalence Ratios (PR) were used to determine association between Community satisfaction and enhanced CHW activities.
Results

Majority of the respondents 81.1% (176/217) reported that the performance of the CHWs was satisfactory to maintain their health and that of their families. CHW activities such as confirming sick persons (APR:1.26 :95%CI (1.01–1.44), mobilization for cook stove building, (APR: 1.18: 95%CI (1.04–1.34), and monthly visits at participant’s homes (APR: 1.17: 95%CI (1.01–1.35) were positively associated with community satisfaction.
Conclusion

Enhancement of CHW activities should be considered during CHW programs. However, CHW performance should also be considered because community satisfaction does not imply high performance by CHWs and adherence to health interventions by the community.
Inequality and Income Segregation in Brazilian cities: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Filho José Firmino de Sousa , Santos Gervásio F. dos , Andrade Roberto F. Silva , Paiva Aureliano S. , Freitas Anderson , Castro Caio Porto , Friche Amélia A. de Lima , Barber Sharrelle , Caiaffa Waleska T. , Barreto Maurício L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Urban segregation has brought significant challenges to cities worldwide and has important implications for health. This study aimed to assess income segregation in the 152 largest Brazilian cities included in the SALURBAL Project and identify specific socioeconomic characteristics related to residential segregation by income. Using the Brazilian demographic census database of the year 2010, we calculated the income dissimilarity index (IDI) at census tract level for each SALURBAL city; subsequently comparing it with Gini and other local socioeconomic variables. We evaluated our results' robustness using a bootstrap correction to the IDI to examine the consequences of using different cut-offs of income that were relevant in the context of strong urban and regional inequalities. We identified a 2 minimum wages cut-off as the most appropriate and found little evidence of upward bias in the calculation of the IDI regardless of the cut-off used. Among the 10 most segregated cities, 9 are in the Northeast region, the region with the highest income inequality and poverty in Brazil. Our results indicate that the Gini index and poverty are the main variables associated with residential segregation, measured by the IDI. Social and environmental characteristics were also associated with IDI, reinforcing the notion that access to education, water, sanitation, and better residential conditions are fundamental to improving social equity.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA HASIL PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA DI DESA WONOREJO KECAMATAN SUMBERGEMPOL KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Abdul Shomad FN Ahmadi 
Published: August 2021

The implementation of village head election regulations in Wonorejo Village, Sumbergempol Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency, compared to the New Order period showed a number of positive steps. Free elections occur with the high public participation, direct elections with the principle of one man one vote. The juridical, sociological and cultural impact of the election dispute in the village head in Wonorejo Village, Sumbergempol Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency, was that violence exploded when the defeated candidates for the village head vent their disappointment. The result is a personal grudge that continues to be carried out, as well as hostility between supporters who are actually neighbors. Another striking color in the elections is money politics to buy votes. The steps to resolve the dispute in Wonorejo Village, Sumbergempol Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency, are the first, re-counting of votes and ending in re-election. Secondly, in order to appear unsuspecting BPD as a village consultative body forms a third party as a mediator and supervisor. Third, there is a strict escort from the police at all stages of the election. The fourth, documents were transferred to the Surabaya Administrative Court as a form of claim for revoking the Tulungagung Regent Decree in the determination of the Wonorejo village head election.
MEMBACA MAQASHID SYARI’AH DALAM PROGRAM BIMBINGAN PERKAWINAN
Authors: Ihtiar Habib Wakidatul 
Published: August 2021

The government has established a strategic policy in the framework of printing happy and prosperous marriage ties in accordance with the guidance of religion and state regulations. The policy is to organize a marriage guidance program for prospective brides. The implementation of marriage guidance contains a great intention and hope to realize the shared ideals in fostering a marriage and family life that is sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah. The rise of cases and family problems, such as divorce, quarreling, domestic violence, also formed the background for this policy. Marriage guidance as an instrument in printing individuals who are ready to navigate marital ties, have the same direction and substance as the principles of Islamic teachings. This can be examined from the aspects of the maqashid syari’ah. So that its existence and role is needed by the community, especially the bride and groom.
Keywords: Maqashid Syari’ah, Marriage Guidance.
IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGAWASAN PERATURAN DAERAH BERBASIS SYARIAH DI TULUNGAGUNG DAN BLITAR
Authors: Anshor Ahmad Muhtadi , Al Anam Muhammad Mufti , Ferricha Dian 
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to examine the implementation, supervision and solutions of sharia-based regional regulations in Tulungagung and Blitar from the philosophical, juridical and sociological aspects. This study is an empirical juridical study. Data are obtained from Tulungagung and Blitar. While the analysis was carried out by using empirical qualitative data analysis methods. The results show that the implementation and supervision of sharia-based regional regulations, primarily related to worship services and respect in carrying out religious values in Tulungagung and Blitar, have been running effectively and efficiently.
Keywords: Implementation, Supervision, Regional Regulation, Sharia.
Allocation of allowable pollution load by using the bankruptcy solution rules
Authors: Ahani Ali , Kazerooni Hanif 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bankruptcy solution methods are widely used and efficient methods for conflict resolution which attract considerable attention in the area of solving conflicts related to water resources. However, most of the related studies have focused on the use of bankruptcy solution methods in solving quantitative water resources conflicts. In this study, four bankruptcy solution rules including proportional (PRO), constrained equal awards (CEA), constrained equal losses (CEL), and Talmud (TAL) rules were used to develop four models to allocate the allowable pollution loads to pollution sources. One of the novel aspects of the current study is to consider the amount of each flow discharge in addition to the pollution concentration of each pollution source. Evaluation of performances of the selected bankruptcy solution rules in a reach of Karun River in Iran showed that the CEA-based model can be considered as the most desirable option for small pollution sources whereas the CEL-based model seems to be the most appropriate option for large pollution sources. The models based on PRO and TAL rules provide results between those of CEA and CEL rules which can be considered as more probable options to reach agreement on between small and large pollution sources.
Estimating the impact of climate change on water levels in a data-poor river basin in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Michelan Mateus Gonçalves , Menegaz Mateus Nardini , Gonçalves Flávio Aparecido , Menezes Paulo Henrique Bretanha Junker , Tiezzi Rafael de Oliveira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn basins with multiple water uses, it is possible a conflict over water use may occur. This probability increases under a water scarcity scenario. Therefore, it is important to estimate the possible impact of climate change on water availability in this type of basin, to support the decision-making of its users. The Ribeirão do Cipó is an example of a Brazilian watershed susceptible to this situation. Besides having poor hydrological data, it is used for public water supply, electricity generation and recreation. The present work developed a methodology for estimating water availability impacted by climate change, which was particularly applied to this watershed. The methodology consisted of feeding the rainfall–runoff hydrological model called soil moisture accounting procedure with precipitation and evapotranspiration data projected by the Eta-CPTEC regional climate model and nested to three global climate models. The outputs methods were obtained in terms of average monthly flow, for 2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070–2099 for the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Despite the small amount of hydrological data available on the basin, the results were similar to those of the methods used as reference, thus demonstrating that the methodology used can be an alternative in estimating flow for climate change scenarios.
Implementation of an Automated Dispensing Cabinet System and Its Impact on Drug Administration: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Yi-Chen , Tsan Chin-Yuan , Chen Meng-Chun 
Published: August 2021

Background
A technology that has been widely implemented in hospitals in the United States is the automated dispensing cabinet (ADC), which has been shown to reduce nurse drug administration errors and the time nurses spend administering drugs.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the impact of an ADC system on medication administration by nurses as well as safety before and after ADC implementation.

Methods
We conducted a 24-month-long longitudinal study at the National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Clinical observations and questionnaires were used to evaluate the time differences in drug preparation, delivery, and returns in the inpatient ward by nurses before and after using the ADC. Drug errors recorded in the Medical Incident Events system were assessed the year before and after ADC implementation.

Results
The drug preparation time of the wards increased significantly (all P<.005). On average, 2 minutes of preparation time is needed for each patient. Only 1 unit showed an increase in the drug return time, but this was not significant. There were 9 (45%) adverse events during the drug administration phase, and 11 (55%) events occurred during the drug-dispensing phase. Although a decrease in the mean number of events reported was observed during the ADC implementation period, this difference was not significant. As for the questionnaire that were administered to the nurses, the overall mean score was 3.90; the highest score was for the item “I now spend less time waiting for medications that come from the pharmacy than before the ADC was implemented” (score=4.24). The item with the lowest score was “I have to wait in line to get my patient medications” (score=3.32).

Conclusions
The nurses were generally satisfied with ADC use over the 9 months following complete implementation and integration of the system. It was acknowledged that the ADC offers benefits in terms of pharmaceutical stock management; however, this comes at the cost of increased nursing time. In general, the nurses remained supportive of the benefits for their patients, despite consequences to their workflows. Their acceptance of the ADC system in this study demonstrates this.