bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation of the periodontium associates with risk of future cardiovascular events
Authors: Van Dyke Thomas E. , Kholy Karim El , Ishai Amorina , Takx Richard A.P. , Mezue Kene , Abohashem Shady M. , Ali Abdelrahman , Yuan Neal , Hsue Priscilla , Osborne Michael T. , Tawakol Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile growing evidence suggests a link between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the independence of this association and the pathway remain unclear. Herein, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) inflammation of the periodontium (PDinflammation) predicts future CVD independently of disease risk factors shared between CVD and PD, and (2) the mechanism linking the two diseases involves heightened arterial inflammation.Methods18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/CT) imaging was performed in 304 individuals (median age 54 years; 42.4% male) largely for cancer screening; individuals without active cancer were included. PDinflammation and arterial inflammation were quantified using validated 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT methods. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between PDinflammation and subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using Cox models and log‐rank tests.ResultsThirteen individuals developed MACE during follow‐up (median 4.1 years). PDinflammation associated with arterial inflammation, remaining significant after adjusting for PD and CVD risk factors (standardized β [95% CI]: 0.30 [0.20‐0.40], P < 0.001). PDinflammation predicted subsequent MACE (standardized HR [95% CI]: 2.25 [1.47 to 3.44], P <0.001, remaining significant in multivariable models), while periodontal bone loss did not. Furthermore, mediation analysis suggested that arterial inflammation accounts for 80% of the relationship between PDinflammation and MACE (standardized log odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.438 [0.019‐0.880], P = 0.022).ConclusionPDinflammation is independently associated with MACE via a mechanism that may involve increased arterial inflammation. These findings provide important support for an independent relationship between PDinflammation and CVD.
Tourists' perceptions of non‐human species in zoos: An animal rights perspective
Authors: Christou Prokopis A. , Nikiforou Elena S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study aims to reveal tourists' perceptions of non‐human species in zoos while adopting an animal rights perspective. Study findings indicate that tourists are concerned about the well‐being of animals that are kept in zoos and conceive that animals in zoos are distressed and “unhappy”. Yet, they value the outcome of their zoo experience and interaction with animals, thus continue to visit zoos for leisure/educational purposes. The study's findings enable the conceptualisation of zoos, their societal impact, tourists' concerns about animals kept in zoos and the need of tourism stakeholders to transform zoos.
Will Repeated Low‐Energy 1064‐nm Q‐Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment Sessions Affect Facial Skin Sensitivity? Results of a 12‐Month, Prospective, Randomized Split‐Face Study
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Xue , Shang Ying , Chen Xiangdong , Xu Hui , Zhang Zhen 
Published: January 2021

Background and ObjectiveTo compare changes in skin sensitivity before and after treatment with a 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser in healthy individuals, and to provide a reference for clinicians to use this laser reasonably.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNineteen healthy female volunteers underwent 10 random unilateral 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser treatments. The skin transepidermal water loss rate (TEWL), skin glossiness, epidermal and dermal thickness and density, current perception threshold (CPT) value, facial blood perfusion were determined before and after treatment at different time points. Moreover, the changes in skin barrier function, blood vessels, and sensory nerve reaction in the treated and untreated sides of the face were recorded before and after treatment.ResultsSeventeen volunteers completed the 12‐month follow‐up study after 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser treatment. At D3, M3, and M6, skin TEWL was decreased on the treated side of the face. Skin glossiness was significantly improved in the early post‐treatment period (D1–D7) and M3, M6, and M12 compared with the untreated side of the face. There was no significant change in dermal and epidermal thickness or density at all time points before and after treatment. There were no significant differences in sensory nerve CPT values and local blood flow volume or velocity between the treated side of the face and the untreated side before and after treatment.ConclusionMultiple low‐energy 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser treatments will not affect the barrier function of facial skin, skin nerve sensitivity, or local microcirculation of healthy skin over the long term. Therefore, 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser treatment is safe, and does not alter skin sensitivity. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Synthesis and Polymerization Kinetics of Novel Dicyanate Ester Based on Dimer of 4‐tert‐butylphenol
Authors: Galukhin Andrey , Nosov Roman , Taimova Guzel , Islamov Daut , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel dicyanate ester, which constitutes the first member of the family of linear oligomers of 4‐tert‐butyl‐phenol, is synthesized as a part of the systematic study on the relation between the reactivity of cyanate esters and their structure. The synthesized monomer undergoes thermally stimulated polymerization in the melt. The kinetics of polymerization is studied by conventional and temperature‐modulated DSC. Detailed isoconversional analysis of the obtained kinetic data has revealed that the process rate is limited by a single reaction step of the auto‐catalytic nature. Thermal stability and glass transition temperature of polymerization product are characterized by means of thermogravimetry and fast scanning calorimetry.
Synthesis, antimosquito activities, photodegradation, and toxic assessment of novel pyrethroids containing 2‐chlorobiphenyl and 2‐chlorophenylpyridine
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhu Qiuyan , Zhang Kun , Zhao Suqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAedes albopictus is a mosquito species and a vector of dengue virus and malaria parasites that represents a significant threat to global public health. Although mosquito populations have been effectively controlled through the use of synthetic insecticides, the emergence of widespread insecticide resistance in wild mosquito populations is a strong motivation to explore new insecticidal chemistries.RESULTSIn this study, A. albopictus was treated with a series of novel pyrethroids containing 2‐chlorobiphenyl and 2‐chlorophenylpyridine via topical application. The relative antimosquito activity of each novel compound was determined, as measured by the LC50, and compared with the synthetic pyrethroid bifenthrin. The most antimosquito activity compound (SZ‐B‐11) was 4.69 times more active than bifenthrin. The novel compounds were also sensitive to wild A. albopictus. In addition, in silico toxicity assessment of aquatic organisms showed that the acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of SZ‐B‐11 were 31.96 times and 934.40 times lower than those of bifenthrin, respectively. Cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated that all tested compounds were nontoxic against SH‐SY5Y cell lines. Furthermore, photolytic results suggested that SZ‐B‐11 would be photodegraded more easily than bifenthrin and would reduce secondary pollution.CONCLUSIONNovel pyrethroids containing 2‐chlorobiphenyl and 2‐chlorophenylpyridine, through simple synthesis steps, have better antimosquito activity, low resistance, less ecotoxicity, readily degradable characteristics, and may reduce secondary pollution. They are promising insecticides with potential application prospects in agricultural production and environmental protection.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Neural crest-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells enhance cranial allograft integration
Authors: Glaeser Juliane D. , Behrens Phillip , Stefanovic Tina , Salehi Khosrowdad , Papalamprou Angela , Tawackoli Wafa , Metzger Melodie F. , Eberlein Samuel , Nelson Trevor , Arabi Yasaman , Kim Kevin , Baloh Robert H. , Ben-David Shiran , Cohn-Schwartz Doron , Ryu Robert , Bae Hyun W. , Gazit Zulma , Sheyn Dmitriy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReplacement of lost cranial bone (partly mesodermal and partly neural crest-derived) is challenging and includes the use of nonviable allografts. To revitalize allografts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (mesoderm-derived BM-MSCs) have been used with limited success. We hypothesize that coating of allografts with induced neural crest cell-mesenchymal progenitor cells (iNCC-MPCs) improves implant-to-bone integration in mouse cranial defects. Human induced pluripotent stem cells were reprogramed from dermal fibroblasts, differentiated to iNCCs and then to iNCC-MPCs. BM-MSCs were used as reference. Cells were labeled with luciferase (Luc2) and characterized for MSC consensus markers expression, differentiation, and risk of cellular transformation. A calvarial defect was created in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice and allografts were implanted, with or without cell coating. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), microcomputed tomography (μCT), histology, immunofluorescence, and biomechanical tests were performed. Characterization of iNCC-MPC-Luc2 vs BM-MSC-Luc2 showed no difference in MSC markers expression and differentiation in vitro. In vivo, BLI indicated survival of both cell types for at least 8 weeks. At week 8, μCT analysis showed enhanced structural parameters in the iNCC-MPC-Luc2 group and increased bone volume in the BM-MSC-Luc2 group compared to controls. Histology demonstrated improved integration of iNCC-MPC-Luc2 allografts compared to BM-MSC-Luc2 group and controls. Human osteocalcin and collagen type 1 were detected at the allograft-host interphase in cell-seeded groups. The iNCC-MPC-Luc2 group also demonstrated improved biomechanical properties compared to BM-MSC-Luc2 implants and cell-free controls. Our results show an improved integration of iNCC-MPC-Luc2-coated allografts compared to BM-MSC-Luc2 and controls, suggesting the use of iNCC-MPCs as potential cell source for cranial bone repair.
Intergenerational thyroid hormone homeostasis imbalance in cerebellum of rats perinatally exposed to glyphosate‐based herbicide
Authors: Costa Reis Luã Tainã , Sena de Souza Janaina , Hirochi Herai Roberto , Cunha Eduardo Brunetti , Ribeiro Pereira Soares Janaina , Santos El‐Bachá Ramon , Diogenes Amaral da Silva Victor , Aurelio Romano Marco , Marino Romano Renata , Izabel Chiamolera Maria , Giannocco Gisele , Lima Costa Silvia , Dias da Silva Magnus Régios , Telles da Cunha Lima Suzana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAgrochemicals became a public health concern due to increased human exposure and possible endocrine disruption effects in several organs, including the brain. Thyroid hormones controls neurodevelopment, which turn them sensitive to endocrine disruptors (EDs). In this work, we evaluated the effect of glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBH) as an intergenerational endocrine disrupter on thyroid homeostasis in cerebellar cells. Female pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to Roundup Transorb® solution at 5 and 50 mg/kg/day, from gestation day 18 to post‐natal day 5 (P5). Cerebellum of male offspring was used to evaluate gene expression. The mRNA levels of thyroid hormone receptors, hormonal conversion enzymes, hormone transporters, as well as, de novo epigenetic regulators were altered, with some of these genes presenting a non‐monotonic dose response. Furthermore, metabolomic profile correlation with tested dose demonstrated altered metabolic profile, in agreement with cerebellar gene alterations. Moreover, cerebellar primary cultures exposed to non‐toxic GBH concentration presented a decrease level in glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein regulated by endocrine signals. In conclusion, our results indicate that animals exposed to non‐toxic GBH doses during perinatal phase carry intergenerational alterations in key regulators of cellular thyroid hormone homeostasis and epigenetic controllers in adulthood, indicating the possible ED effect of GBH based on epigenetic alterations.
How companion animal veterinarians in the United States perceive financial constraints on antibiotic decision‐making
Authors: Lavigne Sondra H. , Louis Souci , Rankin Shelley C. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Szymczak Julia E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: The misuse of antibiotics is a persistent problem in both human and veterinary medicine. While complex social and behavioural factors drive inappropriate use in human medicine, less is known about factors that impact antibiotic use in companion animal medicine.Objective: To identify the perceptions that veterinarians practicing companion animal medicine hold about the influence of financial considerations on antibiotic use.Methods: Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with veterinarians practicing companion animal medicine in a major metropolitan area in the Eastern United States. Respondents were sampled purposefully, and data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.Results: Interviews were conducted with 36 veterinarians from 19 practices. Veterinarians believed that their clients’ willingness to pay for diagnostic testing or treatment interfered with their ability to make appropriate decisions about antibiotic use. Concerns over antibiotic expiration and subsequent financial losses limited which antibiotics veterinarians stocked. Some veterinarians feared that restricting antibiotic use to appropriate uses could harm their business and lead to economic euthanasia of their patients.Conclusions: Veterinarians perceive that financial factors can impede their ability to appropriately prescribe antibiotics. Interventions that address the financial aspects of prescribing have the potential to improve antibiotic decision‐making in veterinary medicine.
Administrative Federalism
Authors: Behnke Nathalie , Kropp Sabine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe German federal architecture is shaped by a peculiar mix of strong decentralisation and high autonomy at lower levels of government coupled with an administrative culture of uniformity, solidarity and coordination. This system has been described as ‘administrative federalism’ to emphasise the prominent role of executives and administrations in policymaking and policy implementation. The federal level relies on the Länder for executing its tasks; in turn, the Länder executives possess rights of co-decision in federal legislation via the Bundesrat. While formal jurisdictions are strongly decentralised, a dense web of interlocking powers and processes, as well as institutions of coordination, creates incentives for territorial governments to closely cooperate with each other. The German-style administrative federalism has been successful, but is requiring adaptation and developments caused by trends like the upward shift of tasks from the Länder to the federal level and increasing party-system fragmentation.
The Administration of the Länder
Authors: Schrapper Ludger 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the system of German federalism, the administrations of the 16 federal states (Länder) have central responsibility for the enforcement of both federal and state law. Despite all the heterogeneity in terms of size, administrative tradition and culture, their administrative structures are relatively uniform. Everywhere, the municipalities, which are part of the state executive under state law, play a significant and, above all, independent role as bodies of the public administration. There are some differences, but administration seems in some respects relatively homogeneous, not least due to the largely similar staffing structures, career patterns and administrative cultures. Structural reforms of very different scopes have been a long-term phenomenon since the 1990s.
Ranking Methodology of the World’s Most Innovative Universities
Authors: Al-Youbi Abdulrahman Obaid , Zahed Adnan Hamza Mohammad , Nahas Mahmoud Nadim , Hegazy Ahmad Abousree 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReuters News Agency started the idea of ranking the World’s Most Innovative Universities. It relied on data compiled by Clarivate Analytics and several of its research platforms [25]. The latter company used to be called “Intellectual Property and Science Business of Thomson Reuters.” The process began by identifying approximately 600 academic and government organizations that published the greatest number of articles in scholarly journals. Reuters, then, put ten criteria for the innovation to evaluate the chosen organizations. These criteria are presented later in Sect. 2.3.
Developing a Digital Interactive Fabrication Process in Co-existing Environment
Authors: Chen Chun-Yen , Chang Teng-Wen , Hsiao Chi-Fu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the stage of prototype practice, the maker mainly works by himself, but it needs to test and adapt to find correct fabrication method when maker didn’t have clearly fabrication description. Therefore, rapid prototyping is very important in the prototype practice of the maker. “Design- Fabrication-Assembly” (DFA)- an integration prototyping process which helps designers in creating kinetic skin by following a holistic process. However, DFA lacks a medium for communication between design, fabrication and assembly status. This paper proposes a solution called co-existing Fabrication System (CoFabs) by combining multiple sensory components and visualization feedbacks. We combine mixed reality (MR) and the concept of digital twin (DT)–a device that uses a virtual interface to control a physical mechanism for fabrication and assembly. By integrating virtual and physical, CoFab allows designers using different methods of observation to prototype more rigorously and interactively correct design decisions in real-time.
Real-Time Defect Recognition and Optimized Decision Making for Structural Timber Jointing
Authors: Luo Dan , Gattas Joseph M. , Tan Poah Shiun Shawn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNon-structural or out-of-grade timber framing material contains a large proportion of visual and natural defects. A common strategy to recover usable material from these timbers is the marking and removing of defects, with the generated intermediate lengths of clear wood then joined into a single piece of full-length structural timber. This paper presents a novel workflow that uses machine learning based image recognition and a computational decision-making algorithm to enhance the automation and efficiency of current defect identification and re-joining processes. The proposed workflow allows the knowledge of worker to be translated into a classifier that automatically recognizes and removes areas of defects based on image capture. In addition, a real-time optimization algorithm in decision making is developed to assign a joining sequence of fragmented timber from a dynamic inventory, creating a single piece of targeted length with a significant reduction in material waste. In addition to an industrial application, this workflow also allows for future inventory-constrained customizable fabrication, for example in production of non-standard architectural components or adaptive reuse or defect-avoidance in out-of-grade timber construction.
Growing Shapes with a Generalised Model from Neural Correlates of Visual Discrimination
Authors: Cutellic Pierre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the application of visual Event-Related Potentials (ERP) in better generalisations for design and architectural modelling. It makes use of previously built techniques and trained models on EEG signals of a singular individual and observes the robustness of advanced classification models to initiate the development of presentation and classification techniques for enriched visual environments by developing an iterative and generative design process of growing shapes. The pursued interest is to observe if visual ERP as correlates of visual discrimination can hold in structurally similar, but semantically different, experiments and support the discrimination of meaningful design solutions. Following bayesian terms, we will coin this endeavour a Design Belief and elaborate a method to explore and exploit such features decoded from human visual cognition.
Hyperbolic cylinders and entanglement entropy: gravitons, higher spins, p-forms
Authors: David Justin R. , Mukherjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe show that the entanglement entropy ofD= 4 linearized gravitons across a sphere recently computed by Benedetti and Casini coincides with that obtained using the Kaluza-Klein tower of traceless transverse massive spin-2 fields onS1× AdS3. The mass of the constant mode onS1saturates the Brietenholer-Freedman bound inAdS3. This condition also ensures that the entanglement entropy of higher spins determined from partition functions on the hyperbolic cylinder coincides with their recent conjecture. Starting from the action of the 2-form onS1× AdS5and fixing gauge, we evaluate the entanglement entropy across a sphere as well as the dimensions of the corresponding twist operator. We demonstrate that the conformal dimensions of the corresponding twist operator agrees with that obtained using the expectation value of the stress tensor on the replica cone. For conformalp-forms in even dimensions it obeys the expected relations with the coefficients determining the 3-point function of the stress tensor of these fields.
Nonminimal gradient flows in QCD-like theories
Authors: Boers Marco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Yang-Mills gradient flow for QCD-like theories is generalized by including a fermionic matter term in the gauge field flow equation. We combine this with two different flow equations for the fermionic degrees of freedom. The solutions for the different gradient flow setups are used in the perturbative computations of the vacuum expectation value of the Yang-Mills Lagrangian density and the field renormalization factor of the evolved fermions up to next-to-leading order in the coupling. We find a one-parameter family of flow systems for which there exists a renormalization scheme in which the evolved fermion anomalous dimension vanishes to all orders in perturbation theory. The fermion number dependence of different flows is studied and applications to lattice studies are anticipated.