bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Rapid Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy At HIV Diagnosis Impact On Virological Response in a Real-Life Setting? A Single Centre Experience in Northern Italy
Authors: Gregori Natalia , Renzetti Stefano , Izzo Ilaria , Faletti Giulio , Fumarola Benedetta , Antoni Melania Degli , Arsuffi Stefania , Storti Samuele , Tiecco Giorgio , Calza Stefano , Caruso Arnaldo , Castelli Francesco , Roldan Eugenia Quiros , Focà Emanuele 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been largely proven efficacious and safe mostly through clinical trials. Further investigations are needed to better define feasibility and acceptability of rapid ART approach in real-life settings. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational study on newly HIV-diagnosed patients referred to Infectious and Tropical Diseases department of ASST Spedali Civili Hospital of Brescia from September 1st, 2015, to July 31st, 2019. All patients’ baseline characteristics were anonymously extracted from medical records. According to the timing of ART initiation, we distinguished 3 groups of patients (rapid, intermediate and late group) and represented the trend of virological response during a 400 day-period. The hazard ratios of each predictor on viral suppression (HIV RNA < 50 copies/ml) were estimated through Cox proportional hazard model. Results Median time from HIV diagnosis to first medical referral was 15 days and median time from first HIV care access to therapy start was 24 days. Three groups of patients were differentiated depending on ART initiation: within 7 days (rapid group, 37.6%), between 8 and 30 days (intermediate group, 20.6%) and after 30 days (late group, 41.8%). Longer time to ART start and higher baseline viral load were associated with a reduced probability of viral suppression. After one year, all groups showed high viral suppression rate (99%). Conclusions In high-income setting as Italy, rapid ART approach seems to be useful to accelerate time to viral suppression. The latter tends to be great over time regardless the timing of ART initiation.
Maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)
Authors: Miyake Kunio , Kushima Megumi , Shinohara Ryoji , Horiuchi Sayaka , Otawa Sanae , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Kojima Reiji , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy is an established risk factor for childhood asthma, but the association between maternal pre-pregnancy smoking status and asthma risk is not well understood. This study examined the association between maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age.
Methods
The data of 75,411 mother-child pairs, excluding the missing data of exposure and outcomes from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) were used. The association between prenatal maternal smoking status and the risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
The percentage of 3-year-old children with doctor-diagnosed bronchial asthma was 7.2%. The distribution of maternal smoking status before childbirth was as follows: Never = 60.0%, Quit before recognizing current pregnancy = 24.1%, Quit after finding out current pregnancy = 12.3%, and Still smoking = 3.6%. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age even after adjusting for pre- and postnatal covariates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.57). Furthermore, mothers who quit before recognizing current pregnancy (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.18) or who quit after finding out about current pregnancy (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.23) were also significantly associated.
Conclusions
This study suggested that not only maternal smoking during pregnancy but also maternal smoking exposure of pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma in children.
The potential role of CI-679 against artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Tan Nie , Zhao Yuemeng , Ding Yan , Fu Yong , Li Haoxing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Qingfeng , Xu Wenyue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) in the southeast of Asia hampers the control of malaria. It is urgent to develop novel antimalarial drug with mechanism different from that of artemisinin.
Methods

The efficacy of Nitroquine (CI-679), which is thought to antifolate, against blood stage parasites in the Plasmodium yoelii (P. yoelii) -infected BALB/C mice model was firstly identified. Then, in vitro assay was performed to investigate its killing effect on 3D7 P. falciparum strain. Finally, the potential effect of CI-679 was also observed on artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum, which is constructed by introducing the C580Y mutation in K13 of the 3D7 using the CRISPR-cas9 technology.
Results

CI-679 could significantly suppress the growth of rodent malaria parasite P. yoelii BY265 at a dose-dependent manner, and even potently kill the parasites in mice when administrated at the peak of parasitemia. Furthermore, CI-679 could also efficiently inhibit the growth of P. falciparum in vitro, with more sensitivity against late phase of parasite. Strikingly, CI-679 can even kill the artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum, which is constructed by the mutation of C580Y at K13 gene, as sensitive as the 3D7 parent parasites.
Conclusion

CI-679 could be explored as an alternative antimalaria drug against artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum, as well as a potential partner of artemisinin-based combination therapies against malaria parasite in the future.
Effects of Pre-Exposure To Waterborne Selenium On Redox Homeostasis and Humoral Innate Immune Parameters in African Catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Experimentally Challenged With Serratia Marcescens
Authors: Adeyemi Joseph , Ogunwole Germaine A. , Bamidele Olufemi S. , Adedire Chris O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bacterial infections have been associated with immune dysfunction and oxidative stress in cultured fish species while essential elements could boost immunity and exhibit antioxidant properties in fish. This study was therefore aimed at determining the effects of pre-exposure to waterborne selenium on humoral immunity and redox status of Clarias gariepinus experimentally challenged with Serratia marcescens. Juveniles C. gariepinus were pre-exposed to 50 µg/L selenium for 14 days after which they were challenged with 5 × 103 CFU/mL of S. marcescens via oral gavage for 24 or 48 h. The control fish were not exposed to selenium and not challenged with bacteria. Thereafter, fish were sacrificed, blood collected into EDTA bottles for the determination of plasma nitric oxide levels and respiratory burst, and the liver excised for the determination of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Fish that were challenged with bacteria without pre-exposure to selenium had elevated levels of nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and a higher activity of glutathione peroxidase and respiratory burst but a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase compared to the fish that were pre-exposed to selenium prior to bacterial challenge at both 24 and 48 h post-infection periods. The results from this study showed that infection with S. marcescens is capable of disrupting the immune system and redox homeostasis in C. gariepinus, while pre-exposure to selenium has the ability to improve the physiological status of fish that were challenged with bacteria probably through its antioxidant properties.
The Binding Between ROCK1 and KIF2A Signals for the Centrosome Amplification Triggered by High Glucose, Insulin and Palmitic Acid
Authors: Lee Shao Chin , Zhao Meng Lu , Chen Bin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk for various cancers without established mechanisms. Centrosome amplification can initiate tumorigenesis in genetically modified cells. However, the findings from genetically modified experimental models may be far away from reality. We have reported that diabetes promotes the occurrence of centrosome amplification in different types of cells, implicating that centrosome amplification is a candidate mechanism underlying the diabetes-promoted tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of the centrosome amplification triggered by high glucose, insulin and palmitic acid using HCT116 colon cancer cells as an experimental model. We found that KIF2A was localized in the centrosomes. The experimental treatment induced the binding between ROCK1 and KIF2A, although did not increased the protein level of KIF2A. The molecular docking modeling analysis also showed that the two proteins had the binding/interaction potential. We used siRNA of each protein to knockdown their expression level, as a tool to disrupt the ROCK1-KIF2A complex, which attenuated the treatment-induced centrosome amplification. In conclusion, our results suggest that the binding between ROCK1 and KIF2A signals for the diabetes-associated centrosome amplification.
A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Lamotrigine in the Maintenance Treatment of Chinese Adult Patients With Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhang Honggeng , Lv Lu-xian , Tan Qingrong , Xu Xiufeng , Hu Jian , Zi Lu , Cooper James , Phansalkar Abhay , Wang Gang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Lamotrigine is approved as a maintenance therapy for bipolar I disorder in many countries worldwide. It was approved in China in 2021. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in controlling relapse and/or recurrence of mood episodes in Chinese patients with bipolar I disorder.Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with bipolar I disorder who, during treatment with lamotrigine in a 6–16 week open-label (OL) phase, met response criteria (Clinical Global Impression–Severity [CGI-S] score of ≤3 for ≥4 consecutive weeks and lamotrigine 200 mg/day monotherapy maintained for ≥1 week) were randomised (1:1) to receive lamotrigine or placebo in a 36-week randomised double-blind (RD) phase. The primary endpoint was time to intervention for relapse and/or recurrence of a mood episode (TIME). Post hoc analyses assessed the impact of baseline mood severity on TIME. Safety assessments were conducted throughout the study.Results: Of the 420 patients treated in the OL phase, 264 were randomised to receive lamotrigine (n=131) or placebo (n=133) in the RD phase. A total of 112 patients reached TIME (lamotrigine, n=50/130 [38.5%]; placebo, n=62/133 [46.6%]; adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.93 [0.64, 1.35]; p=0.701). Kaplan–Meier curves for TIME showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.432). Post hoc analyses demonstrated a significant benefit of lamotrigine versus placebo in delaying mood episodes in patients with baseline CGI-S score ≥4 (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.52 [0.30, 0.89]; p=0.018) and with baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≥18 or Young Mania Rating Scale ≥10 (0.44 [hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.25, 0.78]; p=0.005). Lamotrigine was well tolerated with no new safety signals in Chinese patients with bipolar I disorder. Conclusions: Lamotrigine was not significantly superior to placebo in preventing relapse and/or recurrence of mood episodes in Chinese patients with bipolar I disorder but post hoc analyses suggested a therapeutic benefit in patients with moderate/severe mood symptoms at baseline.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier NCT01602510; 21st May 2012; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01602510.
Beneficial Effect of Postoperative Radiotherapy for IIIA-N2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Radical Resection Analyzed Using Propensity Score Matching Method
Authors: Tian Cuimeng , Liu Guimei , Xu Yongxiang , Xia Guangrong , Zhang Tongmei , Huang Jiaqiang , Liu Fangchao , Li Baolan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after radical resection of stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Subgroups of patients who benefited from PORT were evaluated.Methods. A retrospective review of 288 consecutive patients with resected pIIIA-N2 NSCLC at Beijing Chest Hospital was performed. Sixty-one patients additionally received PORT. The patients were divided into PORT and non-PORT groups according treatment received. Baseline characteristics of the two patient groups were balanced by propensity score matching (PSM) (1:1 matching). Sixty patients in the PORT group and sixty patients in non-PORT group were matched. Results. After PSM, the median survival time of the matched patients was 53 months. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of PORT patient group were 95.0%, 63.2% and 48.2%, respectively, compared to non-PORT group of 86.7%, 58.3% and 34.5% (P = 0.056). The 5-year local recurrence free survival rate (LRFS) in PORT group was significantly improved (P = 0.001). The effect of PORT on OS and LRFS were analyzed in patients with different clinicopathological features. For subgroups with multiple N2 station, N2 positive lymph nodes≥4 and squamous cell carcinoma, PORT significantly increased OS and LRFS (P < 0.05).Conclusions. PORT moderately improves the 5-year OS of patients with stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC after radical operation, and significantly improves the 5-year LRFS. These results suggest that PORT should be considered for patients with multiple N2 station, N2 positive lymph nodes≥4 and squamous cell carcinoma.
An Examination of Risky Media Use by Preschoolers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fitzpatrick Caroline , Lopes Maira Almeida , Harvey Elizabeth , Garon-Carrier Gabrielle , Berrigan Felix , Asbridge Mark 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Risky media use in terms of accumulating too much time in front of screens and usage before bedtime in early childhood is linked to developmental delays, reduced sleep quality, and unhealthy media use in later childhood and adulthood. For this reason, we examine patterns of media use in pre-school children and the extent to which child and family characteristics contribute to media use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

A cross-sectional study of digital media use by preschool-aged children (mean age =3.45, N=316) was conducted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic between April and August of 2020. Parents completed a questionnaire and 24-hour recall diary in the context of an ongoing study of child digital media use. From these responses we estimated hours of average daily screen time, screen time in the past 24 hours, average daily mobile device use, and media use before bedtime. Parents also answered questions about their child (i.e., age, sex, temperament), family characteristics (parental mediation style, parental screen time, education, income), and contextual features of the pandemic (ex., remote work, shared childcare). Daycare closures were directly assessed using a government website.
Results

Our results indicate that 64% of preschoolers used more than 2 hours of digital media hours/day on average during the pandemic. A majority (56%) of children were also exposed to media within the hour before bedtime. Logistic regression results revealed that child age, temperament, restrictive mediation, family income and education were all correlates of risky digital media use by children.
Conclusions

Our results suggest widespread risky media use by preschoolers during the pandemic. Parenting practices that include using more restrictive mediation strategies may foster benefits in regulating young children’s screen time.
Recommended Maximum Holding Time of Common Static Sitting Postures of Office Workers
Authors: Tahernejad Somayeh , Razeghi Mohsen , Abdoli-Eramaki Mohammad , Parsaei Hossein , Seif Mozhgan , Choobineh Alireza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A posture maintained for a prolonged period can be harmful to the health of office workers. This study aimed to estimate the recommended ergonomic duration for maintaining different sitting postures.Materials and Methods: Forty healthy male and female students participated in this experiment designed to measure perceived discomforts caused by the maintained common static sitting postures of office workers in a simple ergonomic set up for 4 minutes. The Borg CR10 scale was given to the participants to assess the discomfort in different body parts, before and after each experiment. Based on the mean group discomfort level of 2, the recommended holding time of each posture was estimated.Results: The recommended holding time and its discomfort score for each studied posture was tabulated. The moderate neck flexion had the highest score of discomfort among different neck postures with recommended MHT of 1.61 minutes. The lowest discomfort score was obtained for neutral neck posture (recommended MHT = 2.37 min). The moderate forward trunk inclination (30°) showed the highest discomfort score with MHT of 1.78 minutes among different trunk postures. The lowest discomfort score was obtained for the backward trunk position (back supported) with recommended MHT of 5.92 minutes. Among the most common knee postures, while working at the workstation, the lowest discomfort score was obtained for the knee flexed about 90 degrees, with the recommended MHT of 5 minutes. The lower limbs position with crossing one leg over the other (leg crossing) received the highest discomfort score (recommended MHT = 1.88 min).Conclusions: The recommended holding time in this study may help assess the risk of MSDs in office work and training proper sitting behavior to individuals involved in office tasks.
Staging 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in 963 Consecutive Patients with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer: Incidence and Characterization of Skeletal Involvement
Authors: Kesler Mikhail , Kerzhner Kosta , Druckmann Ido , Kuten Jonathan , Levine Charles , Sarid David , Keizman Daniel , Yossepowitch Ofer , Even-Sapir Einat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to elaborate the incidence and type of skeletal involvement in a large cohort of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) referred for Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT staging in a single center.Methods: Study cohort included 963 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PCa referred Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT study for staging. The incidence of bone involvement, type of bone metastases, extent of disease were determined and correlated with the ISUP Grade Group (GG) criteria, and PSA levels.Results: Bone metastases were found in 188 (19.5%) of 963 patients. Osteoblastic type metastases were the most common type of bone metastases presented in 133 of the patients with malignant bone involvement (70.7%). Slightly more than half of them (54.1%) had "pure" osteoblastic lesions, while the other 45.9% had also intramedullary and/or osteolytic type lesions. Intramedullary metastases were found in 97 patients (51.6%), while 41 (21.8%) of them were "pure" intramedullary lesions. Osteolytic metastases were detected in 36 patients (19.2%), of which 8 were "pure" osteolytic lesions. Bone metastases were found in 10.7% of patients with PSA<10 ng/dL and in 27.4% of patients with PSA>10 ng/dL; in 6.1% of patients with GG≤2/3 and in 8.9% of patients with GG 4/5. In 7.6% of the patients, skeletal involvement was extensive, while 11.9% of patients had oligometastatic disease.Conclusion: Although traditionally bone metastases of PCa are considered osteoblastic; osteolytic and intramedullary metastases are common, as identified on PET with labeled-PSMA.
Are There Correlations Between Facet Joint Parameters and Lumbar Disk Herniation Laterality in Young Adults?
Authors: Ke Song , Yang Ming , Zhang Wentao , Sun Tianze , Zhang Jing , Li Zhonghai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine whether there is an association, in young adults, between the occurrence of lumbar disk herniation（LDH）at a given segment and the segment’s facet joint parameters [facet orientation (FO) and tropism (FT)]. In addition, associations between facet joint parameters in the corresponding segment and LDH laterality were also investigated.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 529 patients who were between 18 and 35 years old, who had experienced single-level LDH (L4–5 or L5–S1) between June 2017 and December 2019, and with less than 2 years of clinical history. We included an additional 122 patients with no history of LDH as an age-matched control group. LDH were classified by laterality (left-sided, right-sided, or central herniation). At each level (L4–L5 or L5–S1 segments), we investigated the relationship between facet joint parameters and herniation laterality. Results: FOA values at the L4–L5 level and the L5–S1 level were significantly lower and FT was higher for the LDH group compared with those for the control group. The level at which LDH occurred, FOL, FOR, and FT differed significantly among the three groups. There was a significant association between herniation laterality and FO at the L4–L5 level but not at the L5–S1 level.Conclusions: Abnormal facet joint parameters are significantly associated with LDH. Young adults with higher FT should be paid more attention, to prevent the occurrence of LDH. At the L4–L5 level, intervertebral disk herniation tended to occur ipsilateral to the side with a lower facet joint angle when FT was present.
Epidemiological investigation of thelaziosis in domestic dogs in Beijing, capital of China from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Liu Zichen , Yu Chang , Tan Xiaoli , Chen Ni , Jin Yipeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The first reported case of thelaziosis in human in the world is located in Beijing, the capital of China, in 1917. With the promotion of urbanization, the development trend of the disease is also gradually urbanized. As the capital of China, Beijing has a permanent population of 21.893 million, and the number of domestic dogs in the city has reached more than 1 million. Therefore, the analysis of the prevalence of domestic dogs thelaziosis in Beijing can not only provide strategies for domestic dogs to prevent and control the disease, but also benefit the risk analysis of local zoonotic parasitic.
Methods

The ophthalmology related cases treated in the animal hospital of China Agricultural University from September 2018 to December 2019 were collected. If the domestic dog carries parasites in its ocular, the parasites will be collected for morphological identification of the species, and finally the species will be confirmed by molecular biology. The data were statistically analyzed to analyze the correlation between risk factors and prevalence rate.
Results

Among 3215 domestic dogs examined, 102 cases were found to have ocular parasitic infection, which was identified as Thelazia callipaeda by morphology and molecular biology. The results of risk factor analysis showed that regional, season, field travel history and anthelmintic history had significant effects on the prevalence rate (P < 0.05). The regional distribution of cases thelaziosis in domestic dogs showed an obvious cluster distribution phenomenon. The cases with moderate symptoms accounted for the largest proportion regardless of the number of nematodes carried.
Conclusions

The infection of domestic dogs thelaziosis in Beijing was significantly correlated with regional distribution, seasonal distribution, field travel history and anthelmintic history. There was no significant correlation between the severity of ocular clinical symptoms and the number of ocular T. callipaeda in domestic dogs infected with thelaziosis.