bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adamantinoma Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Problem of Anchoring Bias and Confounding Immunohistochemistry (p40) Staining
Authors: Wieditz-Ooms Kaitlyn , Powers Celeste Noelle , Wiles Austin Blackburn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Small biopsy and cytopathology specimens rely on patient history submitted by clinicians to provide interpretative context that is necessary to construct an actionable diagnosis. However, that submitted information may be incorrect. We report a case of an adamantinoma demonstrating heretofore unreported immunohistochemical expression of p40 that was interpreted to be a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma on the biopsy. This misdiagnosis can be attributed to anchoring bias from the submitted clinical information and this unreported clinical phenomenon. We discuss the nature of anchoring bias and the breadth and depth of its influence on the practice of pathology, as well as document the heretofore unreported expression of p40 by an adamantinoma.
Psychometric Properties of Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control in Infants and Toddlers With Down Syndrome
Authors: Flores Megan , Mitchell Katy , Bickley Christina , Da Silva Carolyn P. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
This study investigated infants and toddlers with Down syndrome (DS) to determine: reliability of the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo), concurrent validity of the SATCo with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and whether age and SATCo score predict GMFM score.

Methods:
Eighteen infants and toddlers with DS were tested on the SATCo by 2 physical therapist (PT) raters. One PT rater administered the GMFM. After 2 weeks, PT raters rescored their recorded SATCo sessions. A third PT rater also scored the SATCo videos.

Results:
Interrater reliability of the SATCo was moderate to good and intrarater reliability was good to excellent. The SATCo and the GMFM had good to excellent significant correlations. Age and SATCo score were significant predictors of the GMFM.

Conclusions:
Trunk control appears to play a central role in gross motor function of infants and toddlers with DS. The SATCo has good psychometric properties in this population.

What This Adds to the Evidence:
This study contributes to the literature on the psychometric properties of the SATCo and supports its use to measure trunk control in infants and toddlers with DS between the ages of 6 and 24 months.
Concurrent Validity of the School Outcomes Measure and the School Function Assessment in Elementary Students
Authors: Klug Kimberly B. , Kolobe Thubi H. A. , James Shirley A. , Arnold Sandra H. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:Examine the concurrent validity of the School Outcomes Measure (SOM) and the School Function Assessment (SFA) in students kindergarten through sixth grade.Methods:Twenty-four school-based therapists completed the SOM and the SFA for 42 students, representing Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to V.Results:Correlation coefficients between SOM Self-Care, Mobility, and Assuming Student's Role median total scores and the 21 SFA Activity Performance scale median criterion scores were statistically significant. There were significant correlation coefficients between SOM Expressing Learning and Behavior and SFA median criterion scores. The SOM differentiated between GMFCS groups for all physical tasks but not cognitive/behavioral tasks, and the SFA for half of the physical tasks.Conclusions:Overall, student performance on the SOM was consistent with participation on the SFA, which lends support to the preliminary validity of the SOM. The GMFCS analysis suggests that the SOM differentiates between the GMFCS levels for physical tasks.
Perceived Barriers Before and After a 3-Month Period of Modified Ride-On Car Use
Authors: Logan Samuel W. , Feldner Heather A. , Bogart Kathleen R. , Catena Michele A. , Hospodar Christina M. , Raja Vora Joseline , Smart William D. , Massey William V. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to examine how perceived barriers change before and after a 3-month period of modified ride-on car use.

Methods:
This study used a qualitative content analysis of perceived barriers. Fourteen caregivers (13 mothers; 1 grandmother) responded to a single-question, free-response survey before and after a 3-month period of modified ride-on car use.

Results:
A total of 11 and 20 perceived barriers were reported before and after the 3-month period. Environmental barriers were the most frequently reported before and after the 3-month period.

Conclusions:
Pediatric physical therapists need to be aware of the potential perceived barriers that families may experience in regard to young children with disabilities using modified ride-on cars and determine strategies to support families on an individual basis.
Stander Use in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Results From a Large Natural History Database
Authors: Townsend Elise L. , Simeone Sarah D. , Krosschell Kristin J. , Zhang Ren Zhe , Swoboda Kathryn J. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe stander use in a natural history cohort of drug therapy-naïve children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) who are not walking and identify factors associated with consistent stander use.

Methods:
Data from 397 children with SMA types 1 and 2 characterized the prevalence and frequency of stander use. Predictors of consistent stander use explored were SMA type, survival motor neuron 2 gene (SMN2) copy number, respiratory support, and motor performance.

Results:
Prevalence of consistent stander use was 13% in type 1 and 68% in type 2. SMA type, SMN2 copy number, respiratory support, and head rotation control each predicted consistent stander use.

Conclusions:
Findings characterize stander use in children with SMA who are not walking, address important safety considerations, identify factors that may inform physical therapists' clinical decision-making related to standing program prescription, and provide guidance for future prospective studies.
Application of Next Generation Quality/Statistical Process Control and Expert-Led Case Review to Increase the Consistency of Diagnostic Rates in Precancerous Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Bonert Michael , Collins Andrew , Xenodemetropoulos Ted , Dmetrichuk Jennifer M. , Al-Haddad Sahar , Major Pierre , Naqvi Asghar 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Prior work suggests high interrater variability in the pathologist diagnostic rate (PDR) of the precancerous polyp sessile serrated adenoma (SSA).

Objectives:
To improve the diagnostic consistency in the pathological evaluation of colorectal polyp specimens with diagnostic rate awareness, using funnel plots (FPs)/control charts (CCs), and a focused group case review.

Methods:
All colorectal polyp specimen (CRPS) reports September 2015 to August 2017 were analyzed at one institution. PDRs were extracted using a hierarchical free-text string matching algorithm and visualized using FPs, showing pathologist specimen volume versus PDR, and CCs, showing pathologist versus normed PDR. The FPs/CCs were centered on the group median diagnostic rate (GMDR). Pathologists were shown their baseline SSA diagnostic rate in relation to the practice, and in January 2017, there was a focused group case review/open discussion of approximately 40 sequential cases signed as SSA with a gastrointestinal pathology expert.

Results:
Nine pathologists interpreted more than 250 CRPSs per year. FPs/CCs for the first and second years showed 6/4 and 3/1 P < .05/P < .001 pathologist outliers, respectively, in relation to the GMDR for SSA and 0/0 and 0/0 P < .05/P < .001 pathologist outliers, respectively, in relation to the GMDR for tubular adenoma (TA). An in silico kappa (ISK) for SSA improved from 0.52 to 0.62.

Conclusion:
Diagnostic rate awareness facilitated by FPs/CCs coupled with focused expert-led reviews may help calibrate PDR. Variation in SSA PDRs still remains high in relation to TA. ISK represents an intuitive, useful metric and Next Generation Quality/Statistical Process Control a promising approach for objectively increasing diagnostic consistency.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Midpalatal Suture Maturation Indicators as Predictors for Surgically-Assisted and Conventional Rapid Maxillary Expansion
Authors: Acar Yasemin Bahar , Abuhan Ece 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is an effective orthopedic procedure to correct maxillary transversal deficiency in young patients. In cases of sutural closure, surgically assisted RME is used to reduce the resistance to sutural disjunction. Foundation of a diagnostic relationship between maturation indices and the expected skeletal response to expansion can enable clinicians to identify the need for surgically assisted RME prospectively. The primary aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the amount of achieved skeletal expansion with midpalatal suture density on computed tomography images, and the secondary aim was to assess the correlation between the amount of achieved skeletal expansion with the recently suggested midpalatal suture maturation indicators: cervical vertebral maturation (CVS), midpalatal suture maturation stage (MPSM) and midpalatal suture density ratio. Forty Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data from the archived computed tomography scans of 20 patients (mean age: 15.55 years) before RME (T1) and after 3-month retention period (T2) were analyzed. The tested maturity indicators did not show statistically significant correlation between the skeletal effect proportions. However, clinically and radiologically effective RME was seen in MPSMs A, B, and C and also cervical vertebra stages CVS5 and CVS6. More research is needed to determine a diagnostic predictor for the skeletal effects of maxillary expansion treatment modalities.
Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetry in the Evaluation of Craniosynostosis: Current and Potential Use Cases
Authors: Abdel-Alim Tareq , Iping Rik , Wolvius Eppo B. , Mathijssen Irene M.J. , Dirven Clemens M.F. , Niessen Wiro J. , van Veelen Marie-Lise. C. , Roshchupkin Gennady V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry is a novel imaging technique that has gained popularity in the medical field as a reliable, non-invasive, and radiation-free imaging modality. It uses optical sensors to acquire multiple 2D images from different angles which are reconstructed into a 3D digital model of the subject's surface. The technique proved to be especially useful in craniofacial applications, where it serves as a tool to overcome the limitations imposed by conventional imaging modalities and subjective evaluation methods. The capability to acquire high-dimensional data in a quick and safe manner and archive them for retrospective longitudinal analyses, provides the field with a methodology to increase the understanding of the morphological development of the cranium, its growth patterns and the effect of different treatments over time.
This review describes the role of 3D stereophotogrammetry in the evaluation of craniosynostosis, including reliability studies, current and potential clinical use cases, and practical challenges. Finally, developments within the research field are analyzed by means of bibliometric networks, depicting prominent research topics, authors, and institutions, to stimulate new ideas and collaborations in the field of craniofacial 3D stereophotogrammetry.
We anticipate that utilization of this modality's full potential requires a global effort in terms of collaborations, data sharing, standardization, and harmonization. Such developments can facilitate larger studies and novel deep learning methods that can aid in reaching an objective consensus regarding the most effective treatments for patients with craniosynostosis and other craniofacial anomalies, and to increase our understanding of these complex dysmorphologies and associated phenotypes.
Reconstruction of Combined Orbital Floor and Medial Wall Fractures Using Custom-Made Titanium Alloy Implant
Authors: Kitabata Reina , Uno Kayoko , Sakamoto Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The reconstruction of combined orbital floor and medial wall fractures is challenging due to the surgical approach and implant stability. A 0.5 mm thickness rigidity custom made titanium alley implant was created by 3-dimensional printing with electron-beam additive manufacturing. The implant was designed to cover the entire surface of the inferomedial orbit based on the flipped the contralateral orbit images. Although the cost was expensive, the use of three-dimensional printed implants for extensive orbital wall fractures was useful for decreasing operative time, and can be accessed with a limited surgical approach with a precise fit.
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients: From a Different Perspective
Authors: Polat Burcu , Yilmaz Nesrin Helvaci , Altin Gökhan , Atakcan Zeynep , Mert Ali 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The prevalence of sensory disorders (smell and/or taste) in affected patients has shown a high variability of 5% to 98% during the COVID-19 outbreak, depending on the methodology, country, and study. Loss of smell and taste occurring in COVID-19 cases are now recognized by the international scientific community as being among the main symptoms of the disease. This study investigates loss of smell and taste in outpatients and hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
Enrolled in the study were patients with a positive PCR test for COVID-19. Excluded were patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, common cold, influenza, and olfactory/gustatory dysfunction predating the pandemic. Patients were asked about changes in their sense of smell and taste by structured questionnaire. Their status was classified according to severity of the symptoms.

Results:
A total of 217 patients were included in the study, of whom 129 received outpatient treatment, whereas 88 were hospitalized; mean age was 41.74 years (range18–76), 59.4% were male. At evaluation for olfactory dysfunction, 53.9% of the patients were found to be normal, whereas 33.2% were anosmic. No gustatory dysfunction was found in 49.8% of patients, whereas in those with loss of taste, the most commonly recorded symptom was ageusia. Anosmia was significantly more common in outpatients (P = 0.038). Presentation of chemosensorial symptoms in women was higher than in men (P = 0.009). No correlation was found between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and age (P = 0.178).

Conclusions:
About one-half of our patients presented olfactory and/or gustatory deficits, and loss of smell was more common in mild cases. It should be considered; a sudden, severe, and isolated loss of smell and/or taste may also be present in COVID-19 patients who are otherwise asymptomatic. We suggest that identification of persons with these signs and early isolation could prevent spread of the disease in the community.
Outcomes in Orbital Floor Trauma: A Comparison of Isolated and Zygomaticomaxillary-Associated Fractures
Authors: Prabhu Shamit S. , Hemal Kshipra , Runyan Christopher M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Orbital floor fractures are common sequalae of trauma to the orbit. These fractures present as an isolated orbital floor (I-OF) fracture or with other midface fractures, typically the zygomaticomaxillary complex. The authors sought to better understand the differences in patient presentation, surgical decision-making, and outcomes in I-OF fractures compared with those associated with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (Z-OF). A retrospective review of patients with orbital floor fractures was conducted to generate an I-OF fracture group and a Z-OF fracture group. Demographics, preoperative symptoms, surgical choices, and postoperative complications were assessed. Complications were assessed individually and as 2 composite groups consisting of orbital complications and eyelid complications. There were 156 patients that met inclusion criteria with 75 I-OF fractures and 81 Z-OF fractures. The most common mechanism of injury for I-OF fractures was assault (34.7%) and motor vehicle accidents (39.5%) for Z-OF fractures. The I-OF group presented more often with diplopia (P = 0.01) whereas the Z-OF group had more trauma symptoms (P = 0.01), which included subconjunctival hemorrhages, retrobulbar hemorrhages, and relative afferent pupillary defects. I-OF fractures had longer preoperative observational periods (P < 0.001). Postoperatively, I-OF fractures had more motility restrictions (P = 0.002) but Z-OF fractures had higher risk for eyelid complications (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in reoperation rates (P = 0.93). Multivariate analysis showed Z-OF fractures had reduced a rate of postoperative motility defects by 72% (P = 0.03) but had 2.6 times higher risk of eyelid complications (P = 0.04). Z-OF fractures present differently, vary in surgical management, and have complications that differ from an I-OF fracture.
A Complication of Mycobacterium chelonae Infection Following Orbital Floor Fracture Repair
Authors: Ghodke Ameer , Mims Mark M. , Shah Rupali N. , Clark J. Madison 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare, atypical nontuberculous bacterium that has been reported to be an underlying cause of persistent wound infections. Although there are several studies highlighting the role of M chelonae as the putative cause of other postoperative wound infections, to our knowledge there are no reports of infection following implant placement for repair of an orbital floor fracture. The authors present a unique case describing the management of a persistent postoperative infection in a young, immunocompetent patient with an orbital floor fracture repaired with a Stryker Medpor Titan implant. The patient was initially treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics with minimal clinical improvement. Following culture-proven M chelonae, a second surgical intervention was undertaken to remove the implant and later, a third intervention for scar revision. The patient has remained free of infection utilizing a long-term tailored 2-drug antibiotic regimen. This case emphasizes the need for recognition of M chelonae as a potential pathogen in certain clinical situations and the difficulty in eradicating M chelonae in the context of infected implantable devices. The comprehensive treatment protocol required to ensure adequate therapy is reviewed.
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Caused by Nasomaxillary Fracture: A Retrospective Analysis of Consecutive 12 Patients by Computed Tomographic Dacryocystography
Authors: Hasegawa Yuki , Niimi Yosuke , Kamei Wataru , Ikeda Karin , Sakurai Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNasomaxillary fracture is a characteristic mid-facial fracture, and there are no reports showing the fracture damaging the nasolacrimal system (NLS). This report described nasomaxillary fracture cases with NLS damages, which were assessed by computed tomographic dacryocystography (CT-DCG). A retrospective cohort study of nasomaxillary fractures diagnosed by CT was conducted from 2007 to 2015. Twelve patients (mean age: 27.5 years) were found, and their clinical symptoms were as follows: nasal deformity in 10 patients, infra-orbital hypoesthesia in 7, epiphora in 5, and diplopia in one. CT-DCG was performed for 2 patients who complained epiphora, and obstruction was found in 1 patient. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and epiphora in 5 patients was improved. One patient, however, complained epiphora postoperatively, which was supposed to be due to the unsuitable screw insertion. Since nasomaxillary fracture could give NLS obstruction, CT-DCG is useful for diagnosis. Although ORIF is an optimal treatment, attention is needed to avoid the lacrimal canal in screwing on the nasomaxillary buttress.
Rates of Anastomotic Complications and Their Management Following Esophagectomy
Authors:   Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Study Group on behalf of the West Midlands Research Collaborative
Published: January 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to characterize rates and management of anastomotic leak (AL) and conduit necrosis (CN) after esophagectomy in an international cohort.

Background:
Outcomes in patients with anastomotic complications of esophagectomy are currently uncertain. Optimum strategies to manage AL/CN are unknown, and have not been assessed in an international cohort.

Methods:
This prospective multicenter cohort study included patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between April 2018 and December 2018 (with 90 days of follow-up). The primary outcomes were AL and CN, as defined by the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group. The secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality and successful AL/CN management, defined as patients being alive at 90 day postoperatively, and requiring no further AL/CN treatment.

Results:
This study included 2247 esophagectomies across 137 hospitals in 41 countries. The AL rate was 14.2% (n = 319) and CN rate was 2.7% (n = 60). The overall 90-day mortality rate for patients with AL was 11.3%, and increased significantly with severity of AL (Type 1: 3.2% vs. Type 2: 13.2% vs. Type 3: 24.7%, P < 0.001); a similar trend was observed for CN. Of the 329 patients with AL/CN, primary management was successful in 69.6% of cases. Subsequent rounds of management lead to an increase in the rate of successful treatment, with cumulative success rates of 85.4% and 88.1% after secondary and tertiary management, respectively.

Conclusion:
Patient outcomes worsen significantly with increasing AL and CN severity. Reintervention after failed primary anastomotic complication management can be successful, hence surgeons should not be deterred from trying alternative management strategies.
Cognitive impairment in older adults with cancer
Authors: Lloyd-Williams Mari , Mogan Caroline , Harrison Dening Karen 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
Cognitive impairment is increasing in an ageing population and as people live longer, they are more likely to develop cancer therefore cognitive impairment and cancer are frequently co-occurring. We reviewed articles published since 2018 on cognitive impairment and cancer.

Recent findings
The current review has focused on diagnosis, treatment and palliative and end of life care. A comprehensive systematic review reported joint cancer and cognitive impairment prevalence from 0.2 to 45.6%. The review reported there was reduced likelihood of patients with co-occurring cognitive and cancer receiving information regarding cancer stage, reduced cancer treatment with curative intent and limited pain and symptom management. Further studies emphasized the role of family carers in supporting patients with cognitive impairment through cancer treatment.

Summary
Disappointingly in an area where the numbers of patients with cognitive impairment and cancer are increasing, there appears to be little recently published research in this area. We conclude that further research is required to determine how best to support patients with cognitive impairment and cancer and families during diagnosis of cancer, treatment and continuing care and most importantly the findings of all studies are implemented within clinical practice.