bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheal Intubation by Specialist Paramedics (Critical Care) in a United Kingdom Ambulance Service: a Service Evaluation.
Authors: Budd Silas Houghton , Alexander-Elborough Eleanor , Brandon Richard , Fudge Chris , Hardy Scott , Hopkins Laura , Paul Ben , Philips Sloane , Thatcher Sarah , Winsor Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDrug-free tracheal intubation has been a common intervention in the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest for many years, however its use by paramedics has recently been the subject of much debate. Recent international guidance has recommended that only those achieving high tracheal intubation success should continue to use it.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective service evaluation of all drug-free tracheal intubation attempts by specialist paramedics (critical care) from South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust between 1st January and 31st December 2019. Our primary outcome was first-pass success rate, and secondary outcomes were success within two attempts, overall success, Cormack-Lehane grade of view, and use of bougie.ResultsThere were 663 drug-free tracheal intubations and following screening, 605 were reviewed. There was a first-pass success rate of 81.5%, success within two attempts of 96.7%, and an overall success rate of 98.35%. There were ten unsuccessful attempts (1.65%).ConclusionSpecialist paramedics (critical care) are able to deliver drug-free tracheal intubation with high first-pass success and very high overall success and are therefore both safe and competent at this intervention.
Importance sampling over Monte Carlo Technique to estimate Wireless infrared On-Chip communication
Authors: Balti Moez 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) represents the development of optical communication. The advantages of OCDMA such as, asynchronous multiuser communication transmission, flexibility, ample bandwidth and scalability; have made this technique a better candidate to be proposed for next generation network on chip. In this paper, performance of on-chip OCDMA communication system is analyzed. Analytical techniques for estimating the performance of optical communication systems are difficult, complicated and no complete analytical treatment of the problem has been obtained before. Simulation techniques such as Monte Carlo (MC) are used to obtain reasonable estimates of these systems performance. For optical communications, Monte Carlo require excessively large sample sizes which makes it cumbersome in terms of physical resources, and are not practical for estimating very low values of error probabilities. Modified Monte-Carlo (Importance sampling/IS) method was used to reduce the number of simulation tests for estimating error probabilities for optical communications systems by modifying the probability density function of the on-chip noise process. Simulation results are presented and assessed in term of bit error rate (BER), showing the contribution of IS relatively to MC.
Developing A Random Forest Algorithm to Identify Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defects in Ontario Administrative Databases
Authors: Oliva Laura , Horlick Eric , Wang Bo , Huszti Ella , Hall Ruth , Abrahamyan Lusine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Routinely collected administrative data is widely used for population-based research. However, although clinically very different, atrial septal defects (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) share a single diagnostic code (ICD-9: 745.5, ICD-10: Q21.1). Using machine-learning based approaches we developed and validated an algorithm to differentiate between PFO and ASD patient populations within healthcare administrative data. Methods: Using data housed at ICES, we identified patients who underwent transcatheter closure in Ontario between October 2002 and December 2017 using a code (1HN80GPFL, N = 4680). A novel random forest model was developed using demographic and clinical information. Those patients who had undergone transcatheter closure and had records in the CorHealth Ontario cardiac procedure registry (N = 1482) were used as the reference standard. Several algorithms were tested and evaluated for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Variable importance was examined via mean decrease in Gini index. Results: We tested 7 models in total. The final model included 24 variables, including demographic, comorbidity, and procedural information. After hyperparameter tuning, the final model achieved 0.76 accuracy, 0.76 sensitivity, and 0.75 specificity. Patient age group had the greatest influence on node impurity, and thus ranked highest in variable importance. Conclusions: Our random forest classification method achieved reasonable accuracy in identifying PFO and ASD closure in administrative data. The algorithm can now be applied to evaluate long term PFO and ASD closure outcomes in Ontario. Future external validation studies are recommended to further test the algorithm.
Rapid incidence estimation from SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals decreased case detection in Europe during summer 2020
Authors: Smith Maureen , Trofimova Maria , Weber Ariane , Duport Yannick , Kühnert Denise , von Kleist Max 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By May 2021, over 160 million SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses have been reported worldwide. Yet, the true number of infections is unknown and believed to exceed the reported numbers by several fold. National testing policies, in particular, can strongly affect the proportion of undetected cases.

Here, we propose a novel method (GInPipe) that reconstructs SARS-CoV-2 incidence profiles within minutes, solely from publicly available, time-stamped viral genomes. We validated GInPipe against in silico generated outbreak data and elaborate phylodynamic analyses. We apply the method to reconstruct incidence histories from sequence data for Denmark, Scotland, Switzerland, and Victoria (Australia). GInPipe reconstructs the different pandemic waves robustly and remarkably accurate. We demonstrate how the method can be used to investigate the effects of changing testing policies on the probability to diagnose and report infected individuals. Specifically, we find that under-reporting was highest in mid 2020 in parts of Europe, coinciding with changes towards more liberal testing policies at times of low testing capacities.

Due to the increased use of real-time sequencing, it is envisaged that GInPipe can complement established surveillance tools to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We anticipate that the method is particularly useful in settings where diagnostic and reporting infrastructures are insufficient. In ‘post-pandemic’ times, when diagnostic efforts are decreased, GInPipe may facilitate the detection of hidden infection dynamics.
IL17A G197A and IL17F T7488C genotypes of IL-17 gene as biomarkers in keratoconus
Authors: Gomes Isabela Bronchtein , Ayo Christiane Maria , Lopes Alessandro Garcia , Kumano Laurie Sayuri , Junior Geraldo Magela de Faria , de Almeida Gildásio Castello , Castiglioni Lilian , de Mattos Luiz Carlos , Brandão Cinara Cássia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Investigate possible correlations between genetic polymorphisms of IL17A G197A (rs2275913) and IL17F T7488C (rs763780) with the development of keratoconus (KC) in patients from a population of the northwestern part of the State of São Paulo. Were enrolled 35 patients and 61 controls. Genotyping of IL17A G197A and IL17F T7488C polymorphisms was carried out using the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique. The evaluation of IL17F T7488C SNP found that the TT genotype is associated as a risk factor for the development of KC (P = 0.04; OR = 2.97; CI = 1.09–8.33). As for the evaluation of IL17A G197A SNP, the allele and genotype frequencies between patients and controls were compared and no statistically significant differences were found. The TT genotype of IL17F T7488C SNP apparently contributes to the development of KC and the IL17A G197A SNP seemingly has no influence on the progression of the disease in the population of this study.
COVID-19 in Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ha Jennifer F. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the
third known zoonotic coronavirus. It is a disease that does not spare any age group.
The scientific community has been inundated with information since January. This review aims to
summarise pertinent information related to COVID-19 in children.

Method:
A literature search was conducted in 2020 on the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase
databases, with the keyword “COVID 19” and “children”. A bibliographic search of articles included
was also undertaken. The abstracts were scanned to assess their appropriateness to be included
in this narrative review. This was updated on the 11th April, 2020.

Result:
The aetiology, transmission, incubation, pathophysiology, clinical features and complications,
and management are discussed.

Conclusion:
Our understanding of COVID-19 is evolving as more reports are published. The
growth of SARS-CoV2 is limited in children and they are often asymptomatic. The disease course
is also milder. Continued research to understand its effect on children is important to help us manage
the disease in these vulnerable populations in a timely fashion.
Patient-Provider Text Messaging and Video Calling Among Case-Managed Patients Living With HIV: Formative Acceptability and Feasibility Study
Authors: Fonner Virginia A , Kennedy Samuel , Desai Rohan , Eichberg Christie , Martin Lisa , Meissner Eric G 
Published: May 2021

Background
Patient-provider communication is critical for engaging and retaining people living with HIV in care, especially among medically case-managed patients in need of service coordination and adherence support. Expanding patient-provider communication channels to include mobile health modalities, such as text messaging and video calling, has the potential to facilitate communication and ultimately improve clinical outcomes. However, the implementation of these communication modalities in clinical settings has not been well characterized.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to understand patient and provider perspectives on the acceptability of and preferences for using text messaging and video calling as a means of communication; perceived factors relevant to adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility; and organizational perspectives on implementation within an HIV clinic in South Carolina.

Methods
We conducted 26 semistructured in-depth interviews among patients receiving case management services (n=12) and clinic providers (n=14) using interview guides and content analysis informed by the Proctor taxonomy of implementation outcomes and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Participants were purposefully sampled to obtain maximum variation in terms of age and gender for patients and clinic roles for providers. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative content analyses.

Results
Most patients (11/12, 92%) and providers (12/14, 86%) agreed that they should have the capacity to text message and/or video call each other. Although consensus was not reached, most preferred using a secure messaging app rather than standard text messaging because of the enhanced security features. Perceived benefits to adoption included the added convenience of text messaging, and potential barriers included the cost and access of smartphone-based technology for patients. From an organizational perspective, some providers were concerned that offering text messaging could lead to unreasonable expectations of instant access and increased workload.

Conclusions
Patients and providers perceived text messaging and video calling as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible and felt that these expanded modes of communication could help meet patients’ needs while being safe and not excessively burdensome. Although patients and providers mostly agreed on implementation barriers and facilitators, several differences emerged. Taking both perspectives into account when using implementation frameworks is critical for expanding mobile health–based communication, especially as implementation requires active participation from providers and patients.
Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis and Incident Dialysis Patient Outcomes in US Outpatient Dialysis Facilities
Authors: Dahlerus Claudia , Segal Jonathan H. , He Kevin , Wu Wenbo , Chen Shu , Shearon Tempie H. , Sun Yating , Pearson Aaron , Li Xiang , Messana Joseph M. 
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives
About 30% of patients with AKI may require ongoing dialysis in the outpatient setting after hospital discharge. A 2017 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services policy change allows Medicare beneficiaries with AKI requiring dialysis to receive outpatient treatment in dialysis facilities. Outcomes for these patients have not been reported. We compare patient characteristics and mortality among patients with AKI requiring dialysis and patients without AKI requiring incident dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We used a retrospective cohort design with 2017 Medicare claims to follow outpatients with AKI requiring dialysis and patients without AKI requiring incident dialysis up to 365 days. Outcomes are unadjusted and adjusted mortality using Kaplan–Meier estimation for unadjusted survival probability, Poisson regression for monthly mortality, and Cox proportional hazards modeling for adjusted mortality.

Results
In total, 10,821 of 401,973 (3%) Medicare patients requiring dialysis had at least one AKI claim, and 52,626 patients were Medicare patients without AKI requiring incident dialysis. Patients with AKI requiring dialysis were more likely to be White (76% versus 70%), non-Hispanic (92% versus 87%), and age 60 or older (82% versus 72%) compared with patients without AKI requiring incident dialysis. Unadjusted mortality was markedly higher for patients with AKI requiring dialysis compared with patients without AKI requiring incident dialysis. Adjusted mortality differences between both cohorts persisted through month 4 of the follow-up period (all P=0.01), then, they declined and were no longer statistically significant. Adjusted monthly mortality stratified by Black and other race between patients with AKI requiring dialysis and patients without AKI requiring incident dialysis was lower throughout month 4 (1.5 versus 0.60, 1.20 versus 0.84, 1.00 versus 0.80, and 0.95 versus 0.74; all P<0.001), which persisted through month 7. Overall adjusted mortality risk was 22% higher for patients with AKI requiring dialysis (1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.27).

Conclusions
In fully adjusted analyses, patients with AKI requiring dialysis had higher early mortality compared with patients without AKI requiring incident dialysis, but these differences declined after several months. Differences were also observed by age, race, and ethnicity within both patient cohorts.
PENGARUH MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERARGUMENTASI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA CHINA DALAM MATA KULIAH “CHINA TODAY”
Authors: Salim Yuk Ting 
Published: May 2021

The achievement of the level of language skills in learning Mandarin at the tertiary level is largely determined by the level of depth of knowledge received by students. The subject "China Today" is a listening course at the advanced level, where students must respond to Mandarin language discussions in the audiovisual media. Based on the field observations, it was found that there were two ways that are consistently used among students in presenting their arguments. The first is the delivery of short reviews and arguments that just repeat a few sentences according to what are they heard in the audiovisual media. The second is the submission of a complete review (covering all aspects mentioned in the audiovisual media), then followed by personal arguments. In the final listening process, as described by Tarigan, students should use the second way to present their arguments, to prove that they had achieved to the advanced level. The aim of this research is to identify which vocabulary was taken from audiovisual media, to analyze the effect of audiovisual media on students' ability in presenting arguments in the Mandarin language.
Keywords: argumentative, audiovisual, Mandarin language, media
Penguatan Kewenangan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha Lewat Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Putusan Mk No.85/Puu-Xiv/2016)
Authors: Asmah A. 
Published: May 2021

Komisi pengawas persaingan usaha (KPPU) adalah komisi negara yang dibentuk berdasarkan amanat Undang-Undang No 5 Tahun 1999 tentang larangan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. yang mengingkan adanya persaingan yang sehat dalam bidang usaha. KPPU bertugas sebagai penegak hukum terhadap praktek persaingan usaha, pengawasan merger dan pemberi saran kebijakan pemerintah. Dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya komisi ini berwenang untuk menyusun pedoman. Dalam pelaksanaan tugas yang diemban KPPU sebagai amanah UU untuk membentuk perekonomian indonesia yang efisien dengan menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif, memberikan kepastian hukum agar setiap pelaku usaha memiliki kesempatan yang sama dalam berusaha serta terciptanya efektifitas dan efisiensi dalam kegiatan usaha. Dalam rumusan masalah sejauhmana penguatan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha sebagai Lembaga penegak hukum dan lembaga independen yang dibentuk berdasarkan amanah UU NO.5 tahun 1999 dengan setelah Putusan Mahkamah konstitusi menjadi lebih terarah dalam penegakan hukum persaingan usaha di indonesia Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif empiris dengan pendekatan kasus dan perbandingan lewat putusan yang pernah ada. Kesimpulan penguatan KPPU setelah adanya putusan Mahkamah konstitusi, sebagai sebuah lembaga penegak hukum yang oleh UU diberi amanah dalam penyelidikan, penuntutan serta putusan, kppu disebuat sebagai lembaga qauasi judicial karena bisa memutus terhadap suatu perkara yang diselidikinya.
KNOWING ABOUT RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Chevarie-Cossette Simon-Pierre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere is a skeptical trilemma. We know that we are responsible. We do not know that determinism is false. Yet, if we do not know that determinism is false, we do not know that we are responsible. If we want to avoid the skeptical conclusion of rejecting the first claim, we ought to reject the third. It does not follow that compatibilism is true. But it follows that libertarianism, the view that we are responsible even though responsibility requires indeterminism, is unknowable, at least for now. To see this, we need to compare different forms of skepticism and their response.
SOSIALISASI PENANGANAN COVID-19 DENGAN PROGRAM TELEHEALTH DI KELURAHAN CIBEREUM KOTA CIMAHI
Authors: Putri Sherly Ayuna , Kusmayanti Hazar 
Published: May 2021

Sejak awal masa penyebaran COVID-19 di Indonesia, tercatat hingga saat ini Indonesia telah menyumbang 100.303 angka kasus positif COVID-19. Hal ini menunjukan perlu adanya suatu tindakan penanganan serta pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19. Salah satu upaya yang digagas Universitas Padjajaran sebagai bentuk pencegahan dan pengawasan kesehatan masyarakat untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi virus COVID-19 adalah dengan meluncurkan program ADA AMARI COVID-19. Program ADA AMARI diselenggarakan untuk mengembangkan model sistem respon masyarakat melalui pendidikan dan pemantauan penduduk berisiko tinggi yang telah diintegrasikan ke dalam sistem kesehatan setempat. Pada kegiatan ini dosen dan mahasiswa bergabung menjadi relawan untuk melakukan upaya pemberdayaan dan memberikan layanan bagi masyarakat yang siaga COVID-19. Salah satu sasaran kegiatan ini adalah warga Kota Cimahi, Kelurahan Cibeureum. Pendataan ini menggunakan aplikasi REDCap sebagai aplikasi berbasis web yang aman untuk membuat dan mengatur survey dan database berbasis online. Di dalam aplikasi REDCap terdapat survei ADA AMARI COVID-19 yang bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keadaan kesehatan masyarakat dan mengetahui data mortalitas penduduk. Mengingat bahwa pemahaman mengenai aplikasi REDCap dan survei ADA AMARI COVID-19 ini penting untuk dimiliki oleh peserta kegiatan dan belum familiarnya kedua hal tersebut maka perlu diadakan sosialisasi kepada masing-masing kader kelurahan Cibeureum.
On the Impact of Dividend Payments on Stock Prices - an Empirical Analysis of the German Stock Market
Authors: Melching Konstantin , Nguyen Tristan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the relation between dividend payments and stock prices of all firms in the German prime standard DAX 30 in the time period from 2012 to 2019. The irrelevance theory introduced by Miller and Modigliani states that dividend payments must not have an impact on stock prices in a perfect market. In contrast, the signaling theory and the dividend puzzle indicate that dividend payments are likely to have a profound impact on the stock price. According to our findings the ex-dividend decrease of stock prices was significantly smaller than the dividend payment. Nevertheless, the results support the impact of the dividend payment on the share price. Firstly, the existence of the ex-dividend markdown is a proof that dividend payments cause share price losses. Secondly, the study explains in particular that high dividend payments result in high share prices over the examined period. Thirdly, our analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between the dividend and the stock price development according to the signaling theory. Considering the above- mentioned results, we can conclude that the share price of a company is highly affected by the decision making of the company regarding the dividend policy.
The role of positive thinking: a study of telehealth supportive counseling for alcohol abusers
Authors: Constant Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda , Barros Helena Maria Tannhauser , Ferigolo Maristela , Moret-Tatay Carmen 
Published: May 2021

Alcohol abuse is one of the main causes of health problems in the world. In response to these alcohol-related health consequences, telehealth supportive counseling has emerged, offering new strategies of dealing with addition problems. Most of telehealth supportive counseling strategies are focused on coping more precisely with positive and negative thinking.
The aim of presented study was to examine the relationships between positive thinking, and other coping strategies inherent to human thinking, to refuse alcohol. For this purpose, a total of 232 people participated in the study, all of them were users of a telehealth supportive counseling in Brazil. A batch of questionnaires was employed. This included the sociodemographic information, IDHEA-AD scores and the Coping Behaviours Inventory (CBI-20).
After an analysis of mediation, the results indicated that the relationship between negative and positive thinking might be mediated by the assertiveness to refuse. These results suggest that this type of supportive counseling modality might be helpful for users and health professionals. More research is needed to examine the innumerable possibilities of the telehealth tools using as a strategy to deal with the coping variables related to quitting alcohol use.