bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World scientists’ warnings into action, local to global
Authors: Barnard Phoebe , Moomaw William R , Fioramonti Lorenzo , Laurance William F , Mahmoud Mahmoud I , O’Sullivan Jane , Rapley Christopher G , Rees William E , Rhodes Christopher J , Ripple William J , Semiletov Igor P , Talberth John , Tucker Christopher , Wysham Daphne , Ziervogel Gina 
Published: November 2021

‘We have kicked the can down the road once again – but we are running out of road.’ – Rachel Kyte, Dean of Fletcher School at Tufts University. We, in our capacities as scientists, economists, governance and policy specialists, are shifting from warnings to guidance for action before there is no more ‘road.’ The science is clear and irrefutable; humanity is in advanced ecological overshoot. Our overexploitation of resources exceeds ecosystems’ capacity to provide them or to absorb our waste. Society has failed to meet clearly stated goals of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Civilization faces an epochal crossroads, but with potentially much better, wiser outcomes if we act now. What are the concrete and transformative actions by which we can turn away from the abyss? In this paper we forcefully recommend priority actions and resource allocation to avert the worst of the climate and nature emergencies, two of the most pressing symptoms of overshoot, and lead society into a future of greater wellbeing and wisdom. Humanity has begun the social, economic, political and technological initiatives needed for this transformation. Now, massive upscaling and acceleration of these actions and collaborations are essential before irreversible tipping points are crossed in the coming decade. We still can overcome significant societal, political and economic barriers of our own making. Previously, we identified six core areas for urgent global action – energy, pollutants, nature, food systems, population stabilization and economic goals. Here we identify an indicative, systemic and time-limited framework for priority actions for policy, planning and management at multiple scales from household to global. We broadly follow the ‘Reduce-Remove-Repair’ approach to rapid action. To guide decision makers, planners, managers, and budgeters, we cite some of the many experiments, mechanisms and resources in order to facilitate rapid global adoption of effective solutions. Our biggest challenges are not technical, but social, economic, political and behavioral. To have hope of success, we must accelerate collaborative actions across scales, in different cultures and governance systems, while maintaining adequate social, economic and political stability. Effective and timely actions are still achievable on many, though not all fronts. Such change will mean the difference for billions of children and adults, hundreds of thousands of species, health of many ecosystems, and will determine our common future.
Populism and Its Authoritarian Tendencies: The Politics of Division in Bolivia
Authors: McKay Ben M. , Colque Gonzalo 
Published: November 2021

Evo Morales rose to power on the shoulders of Bolivia’s most powerful social movements, ostracizing the neoliberal elite with a progressive-left populist discourse that swept through Latin America. After nearly 14 years in power, Morales’s caudillo-style leadership shifted toward authoritarianism and a politics of division that ultimately led to his ouster as president. While many have been quick to adopt the narrative of a coup d’état, this perspective plays directly into the oversimplified binary politics used by the Morales administration, overlooking the complexity and fluidity of social forces and the changing state-society dynamics over time. Evo Morales suffered a crisis of legitimacy that was years in the making. His authoritarian tendencies, alliances with capitalists, and reliance on the extractive economy ultimately led to his downfall as he lost support from his social bases and was unwilling to give up state power. The electoral scandal in October 2019 and the subsequent departure of Evo Morales into political exile were only the tip of the iceberg. Evo Morales accedió al poder gracias a los movimientos sociales más poderosos de Bolivia, en conflicto con la élite neoliberal y utilizando un discurso populista de izquierda progresista que se extendió por América Latina. Después de casi 14 años en el poder, el liderazgo caudillista de Morales viró hacia el autoritarismo y una política divisoria que finalmente llevó a su destitución como presidente. Si bien muchos se han apresurado a adoptar la narrativa de un golpe de Estado, esta perspectiva se enfila directamente con la política binaria simplista utilizada por la administración misma de Morales, pasando por alto la complejidad y fluidez de las fuerzas sociales, así como la dinámica cambiante estado-sociedad a través del tiempo. Morales sufrió una crisis de legitimidad que se gestó durante años. Sus tendencias autoritarias, sus alianzas con las clases capitalistas y su dependencia de la economía extractiva finalmente llevaron a su caída: perdió el apoyo de sus bases sociales sin estar dispuesto a renunciar al poder estatal. El escándalo electoral de octubre de 2019 y su posterior exilio político fueron tan solo la punta del iceberg.
Surgery plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in primary intestinal lymphoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shu Yefei , Xu Xiaofeng , Yang Wei , Xu Ling 
Published: November 2021

Objective Primary intestinal lymphomas (PILs) are uncommon tumors, but their incidence is increasing. Currently, their management is centered around systemic treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whereas surgery is restricted to selected indications. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of surgery in PIL treatment. Methods We collected publications comparing surgery plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with PIL from 2000 to 2021. All trials analyzed the summary odds ratios (ORs) of endpoints, including the 5-year overall survival (OS), 3-year OS, and 3-year progression-free survival rates. Combined pooled ORs were analyzed using fixed- or random-effects models according to heterogeneity. Results Six studies were included. Compared with chemotherapy alone, surgery plus chemotherapy was associated with significantly higher 5-year OS [OR = 4.88, 95%confidence interval (CI) = 1.91–12.44, Z = 3.32], 3-year OS (OR = 3.83, 95%CI = 2.33–6.30, Z = 5.30), and 3-year progression-free survival (OR = 3.51, 95%CI = 2.20–5.58, Z = 5.29). Conclusions Surgery plus chemotherapy was associated with better outcomes than chemotherapy alone, especially in the early stages. Therefore, surgery plus chemotherapy may be the preferred strategy for appropriately selected patients with PIL. The protocol for this systematic review was registered at INPLASY (INPLASY202180102) and is available in full ( https: //doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0102 ).
Gastrocnemius Release in the Management of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arshad Zaki , Aslam Aiman , Razzaq Mohammad A. , Bhatia Maneesh 
Published: November 2021

Background: This systematic review aims to summarize the outcomes of gastrocnemius recession in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. A 2-stage title/abstract and full text screening process was performed independently by 2 reviewers. Randomized controlled trials, cohort, and case-control studies reporting the results of gastrocnemius recession in patients with plantar fasciitis were included. The MINORS and Joanna Briggs Institute Criteria were used to assess study quality and risk of bias. Results: A total of 285 articles were identified, with 6 of these studies comprising 118 patients being ultimately included. Significant postoperative improvement in American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society, visual analog scale, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Foot Forum Index, and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores were reported. Included studies also described an increase in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and plantarflexion power. An overall pooled complication rate of 8.5% was seen, with persistent postoperative pain accounting for the most common reported complication. Gastrocnemius recession is associated with greater postoperative improvement than plantar fasciotomy and conservative stretching exercises. Conclusion: The current evidence demonstrates that gastrocnemius recession is effective in the management of plantar fasciitis, specifically in patients with gastrocnemius contracture who do not respond to conservative treatment. Level of Evidence: Level III, Systematic review of level I-III studies.
Online Instruction for Cognitive Systems Engineering: Lessons Learned and Opportunities to Pursue
Authors: Smith Philip J. , Feigh Karen , Sarter Nadine , Woods David 
Published: November 2021

One of the impacts of the pandemic has been a rapid increase in the development and offering of online courses focused on cognitive systems engineering. This presents opportunities to: ● Identify and share alternative instructional design strategies and more specific instructional tactics tailored to the online environment and learn from each others’ experiences. ● Discuss how lessons learned from the design and offering of online courses can not only inform future offerings of online courses but also generalize to in-person courses. ● Identify the opportunities created by online instruction to reach a broader audience, not only geographically but also in terms of reaching practitioners whose specializations are outside of human factors. The panelists have expertise and experience in all of these areas. Their perspectives are briefly described below.
Developing Competency-Based Nursing Treatment for Persons With Tobacco Use Disorder
Authors: Essenmacher Carol , Baird Carolyn , Houfek Julia , Spielmann M. Rene , Adams Sara 
Published: November 2021

Background: Tobacco continues to have a deleterious impact on health outcomes in the United States. Professional nurses at all levels of practice have an opportunity to be a part of the solution. The development of nurse-specific competencies for treating tobacco use disorder (TUD) disorder is long overdue. A task force of American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) subject matter experts was assembled to engage in the process of reviewing the available peer-reviewed literature and additional evidence-based resources (e.g., professional organization position statement, toolkits, national survey results) to create the Nursing Competencies for Treating Tobacco Use Disorders. Objective: The aim of this article is ultimately to improve patient access to quality, evidence-based TUD nursing care by all nurses who are competent, full partners in TUD multidisciplinary care. Method: Search terms were defined and a scoping search and review of the TUD literature and resources was performed from November 2018 to November 2020. Results: Over 300 articles and evidence-based resources (e.g., professional organization position statements, toolkits, etc.) were discovered. Thirteen competencies were developed and were internally and externally reviewed prior to APNA Board of Director’s approval. Conclusion: TUD competencies have the potential to guide nursing education, practice, and research, allowing nurses to be full partners in the design, development, and implementation of effective TUD treatment.
Histopathology, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and alpha smooth muscle actin expression in Tenon's capsule of eyes with congenital glaucoma
Authors: Sayed Khulood Muhammad , G. Abd elhaliem Nesreen , A. Mohammed Sherine , Alsmman Alahmady Hammad 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To evaluate the ultrastructural features of collagen fibrils, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in the Tenon's capsule of buphthalmic eyes. Methods A prospective comparative case series study was conducted on 35 buphthalmic eyes vs 25 control eyes. Children with congenital glaucoma (CG) who underwent a combined trabeculectomy-trabeculotomy procedure with mitomycin C (CTTM); the Tenon's capsule was obtained during the surgical procedure. The control group included children with strabismus, the Tenon's capsule was obtained in the course of strabismus surgery. Both H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were done. The Metalloprotenease-2 (MMP-2), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunohistochemical staining was performed. Results Mean collagen percentage area by Masson trichrome stain in Tenons capsule was significantly higher in buphthalmic eyes (54.76% ± 0.32 vs 33.71% ± 1.4; P < 0.001). The percentage area of αSMA expression in Tenons capsule was significantly higher in buphthalmic eyes (4.93% ± 0.7 vs 2.00% ± 0.5; P < 0.001). However, MMP2 expression in Tenons capsule of the buphthalmic group was significantly lower than that of the control group (12.88% ± 2.95 vs 27.91% ± 0.2 respectively) P = 0.02. Conclusions Tenon capsule of buphthalmic eyes have their own histopathological features and properties making them more liable for fibrosis with high rate of failure following antiglaucoma surgeries. Such detailed information has not been published before which may aid in the identification of new antifibrotic therapies in management of glaucoma.
Validation of a Brief Computerized Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BCCAMS) and comparison with reference batteries
Authors: Maubeuge Nicolas , Deloire Mathilde SA , Brochet Bruno , Charré-Morin Julie , Saubusse Aurore , Ruet Aurélie 
Published: November 2021

Background: The Brief Computerized Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BCCAMS) is a short neuropsychological battery for persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objectives: The main objective of the study is to validate the BCCAMS. Methods: PwMS and healthy subjects (HS) were evaluated using the BCCAMS which include two computerized tests, the Computerized Speed Cognitive Test and the Computerized Episodic Visual Memory Test (CEVMT), a newly developed visuospatial memory test, and the French learning test. The Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS), including the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) tests, was also administered. Regression-based norms of the BCCAMS were calculated in 276 HS. BCCAMS was compared with BICAMS and MACFIMS for detection of cognitive impairment (CI). Results: Out of 120 PwMS, CI was detected using the BCCAMS, BICAMS (one impaired test), and MACFIMS (two impaired tests) in 59.1%, 50%, and 37.9%, respectively. The BCCAMS produced the same predictive value as that of the BICAMS battery for detecting CI in the MACFIMS. Conclusion: This study validated the BCCAMS as a validated computerized short assessment for information processing speed and learning in MS.
Further assessment of a time domain impedance boundary condition for the numerical simulation of noise-absorbing materials
Authors: Redonnet Stephane 
Published: November 2021

In regard to the mitigation of environmental noise across major industry sectors, the present study focuses on the numerical prediction of passive noise reduction devices. Here, it is further explored how the noise attenuation induced by locally reacting noise absorbing materials (also called acoustic liners) can be simulated using a time domain highly accurate Computational AeroAcoustics (CAA) method. To this end, it is assessed how a classical Time Domain Impedance Boundary Condition (TDIBC) can effectively model acoustic liners of practical interest, including when the latter are exposed to realistic conditions (grazing flow and noise excitation). The investigation consists in numerically reproducing two experimental campaigns initially performed at NASA Langley Research Center. Two different materials are considered (honeycomb superimposed with perforate or wiremesh resistive face-sheet), each being characterized by a specific noise attenuation behaviour ( e.g. dependency on the flow conditions and/or noise excitation). Each material is tested under various flow conditions ( e.g. grazing flow of Mach up to 0.5) and/or noise source excitation ( e.g. multiple tones of level up to 140 dB each). The results demonstrate the ability of the underlying CAA/TDIBC approach to simulate realistic acoustic liners in non-trivial configurations, with enough physical accuracy ( e.g. correct capture of the noise attenuation characteristics) and numerical robustness ( e.g. absence of instabilities). The study also reveals that, independent from the CAA/TDIBC approach itself, some specific pre-processing tasks (e.g. impedance eduction and subsequent TDIBC calibration) may play a bigger role than expected, in practice.
A protocol-based treatment plan to improve shoulder function in children with brachial plexus birth injury: a comparative study
Authors: Grahn Petra , Sommarhem Antti , Nietosvaara Yrjänä 
Published: November 2021

Children with permanent brachial plexus birth injury have a high risk of developing posterior shoulder subluxation. In 2010, we implemented a protocol to reduce the incidence of this deformity, including early passive exercises, ultrasound screening, botulinum toxin-A injections, shoulder splinting and targeted surgeries. Two-hundred and thirty-seven consecutive children treated at our institution, with a mean follow-up of 11 years (range 1 to 17) were compared in three groups: children born from 1995 to 1999 ( n = 53), 2000–2009 ( n = 109) and 2010–2019 ( n = 75). Posterior shoulder subluxation developed in 48% of all patients but the mean age at detection of shoulder subluxation decreased from 5 years to 4.9 months. Need for shoulder relocation surgery also decreased from 28% to 7%. Mean active shoulder external rotation in adduction improved from 2° to 46°. In conclusion, our established protocol has the potential to reduce the incidence of posterior shoulder subluxation in children with brachial plexus birth injury. Level of evidence: II
Comparing Sources of Disruptions to Telemedicine-Enabled Stroke Care in an Ambulance
Authors: Mihandoust Sahar , Joseph Anjali , Madathil Kapil Chalil , Rogers Hunter , Jafarifiroozabadi Roxana , Ahmadshahi Seyedmohammad , Holmstedt Christine , McElligott James 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the nature and source of disruptions in an ambulance during the telemedicine-based caregiving process for stroke patients to enhance the ambulance design for supporting telemedicine-based care. Background: Telemedicine is emerging as an efficient approach to provide timely remote assessment of patients experiencing acute stroke in an ambulance. These consults are facilitated by connecting the patient and paramedic with a remotely located neurologist and nurse using cameras, audio systems, and computers. However, ambulances are typically retrofitted to support telemedicine-enabled care, and the placement of these systems inside the ambulance might lead to spatial challenges and disruptions during patient evaluation. Method: Video recordings of 13 simulated telemedicine-based stroke consults were coded and analyzed using an existing systems-based flow disruption (FD) taxonomy. For each observed disruption—the type, severity or impact, location in the ambulance, and equipment involved in the disruption were recorded. Results: Seat size, arrangement of assessment equipment, location of telemedicine equipment (computer workstation), and design of telemedicine camera were among the factors that impacted telemedicine-related disruptions. The left ambulance seat zone and head of the patient bed were more involved in environmental hazard–related disruptions, while the right zone of the ambulance was more prone to interruptions and communication-related disruptions. Conclusion: Adequate evaluation space for the paramedic, proper placement of evaluation equipment, and telemedicine computer location could facilitate the stroke care evaluation process and reduce FDs in the ambulance.
Developmental Training Model for the Sport Specialized Youth Athlete: A Dynamic Strategy for Individualizing Load-Response During Maturation
Authors: Jayanthi Neeru , Schley Stacey , Cumming Sean P. , Myer Gregory D. , Saffel Heather , Hartwig Tim , Gabbett Tim J. 
Published: November 2021

Context: Most available data on athletic development training models focus on adult or professional athletes, where increasing workload capacity and performance is a primary goal. Development pathways in youth athletes generally emphasize multisport participation rather than sport specialization to optimize motor skill acquisition and to minimize injury risk. Other models emphasize the need for accumulation of sport- and skill-specific hours to develop elite-level status. Despite recommendations against sport specialization, many youth athletes still specialize and need guidance on training and competition. Medical and sport professionals also recommend progressive, gradual increases in workloads to enhance resilience to the demands of high-level competition. There is no accepted model of risk stratification and return to play for training a specialized youth athlete through periods of injury and maturation. In this review, we present individualized training models for specialized youth athletes that (1) prioritize performance for healthy, resilient youth athletes and (2) are adaptable through vulnerable maturational periods and injury. Evidence Acquisition: Nonsystematic review with critical appraisal of existing literature. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: A number of factors must be considered when developing training programs for young athletes: (1) the effect of sport specialization on athlete development and injury, (2) biological maturation, (3) motor and coordination deficits in specialized youth athletes, and (4) workload progressions and response to load. Conclusion: Load-sensitive athletes with multiple risk factors may need medical evaluation, frequent monitoring, and a program designed to restore local tissue and sport-specific capacity. Load-naive athletes, who are often skeletally immature, will likely benefit from serial monitoring and should train and compete with caution, while load-tolerant athletes may only need occasional monitoring and progress to optimum loads. Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B.