bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi jumlah saluran akar gigi premolar pertama atas menggunakan teknik radiografi periapikal pararel dan Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Pamadya Sandy , Aryanto Mirza , Hayati Nurani , Dhartono Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Maxillary and mandibular first premolars are amongst the teeth that has a risk to caries and needed to be treated. These teeth were varied in term of root and root canal amount. A successful root canal treatment in premolar teeth is highly dependent on the identification of the number and shape of root canals according to Vertucci. Radiographs are still the main choice in helping dentists establish an adequate diagnosis and treatment plan for root canal treatment. Conventional radiographs produce two-dimensional images which often cause difficulties in interpreting the resulting radiograph images. Modern imaging modalities such as CBCT can be used to produce a more accurate image. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the number of root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth displayed on periapical radiographs and CBCT and also to test the accuracy of periapical radiographs in detecting the number of root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth compared to CBCT radiographs.
Materials and Methods: This research was experimented by performing periapical radiological examinations and CBCT on 50 maxillary premolar teeth samples, then evaluating the number of visible root canals.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of root canals seen on the periapical radiograph and CBCT.
Conclusion: CBCT radiographs have the advantage of detecting the number of root canals of maxillary premolars more accurately than periapical radiographs.
Los desafíos de la retroalimentación en la escritura. Estudio de caso en la enseñanza del español en secundaria en México
Authors: Prado Robledo Paloma , Pérez Martínez María Guadalupe 
Published: June 2021

La retroalimentación es una herramienta poderosa para promover los aprendizajes de los estudiantes, sin embargo, es compleja y sus características comúnmente no permiten que sea efectiva. En la escritura, la retroalimentación es fundamental porque permite al escritor saber en qué medida ha logrado comunicar lo que buscaba. Uno de los medios para proveer retroalimentación a las producciones escritas consiste en registrarla en los mismos textos. En este artículo se caracterizan las prácticas de retroalimentación de una docente de Español a los textos escritos de sus alumnos y se analiza su potencial para promover el aprendizaje. La investigación se diseñó como un estudio de casos empleando un acercamiento cualitativo; las técnicas de obtención de información fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de tareas. Los resultados muestran que se utilizan tres recursos para proveer retroalimentación: asignación de calificaciones, comentarios escritos y marcas gráficas. Estos recursos están presentes en la mayoría de los trabajos escritos de los alumnos, pero el análisis de sus características mostró un potencial limitado para promover la mejora del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos con respecto a la formación docente, el diseño curricular y las investigaciones futuras en el campo.
Uso de los recursos de cita y referencia en la escritura de la tesis de posgrado y su relación con el plagio textual
Authors: Castro Azuara María Cristina , Sánchez Camargo Martín 
Published: June 2021

El incremento de casos de plagio en el mundo académico y científico, y la necesidad de que las instituciones formadoras de investigadores garanticen la calidad y originalidad de las investigaciones científicas de sus egresados, nos obliga a poner atención en los procesos de enseñanza de la escritura académicocientífica en el posgrado. En el marco del análisis lingüístico del discurso, en este artículo describimos los recursos de atribución del conocimiento utilizados en el proceso de escritura de tesis, por estudiantes de una maestría en el área de las humanidades. Nuestro propósito es describir, desde un estudio exploratorio, las estrategias que los estudiantes utilizan para generar textos propios a partir del conocimiento disciplinar tomado de otras fuentes. Los resultados muestran que los tesistas presentan problemas al identificar las variadas funciones que las citas y referencias cumplen en la construcción del diálogo académico y científico, situación que los coloca en alto riesgo de cometer plagio. Estos hallazgos nos llevan a abrir la reflexión sobre el tema de la escritura en el posgrado, y a la necesidad de proponer planes de intervención en el marco de la alfabetización académica y científica que, al abordar el plagio como un fenómeno relacionado con el uso del lenguaje, permitan a los egresados de estos programas generar textos propios.
Ser, tener y leer. La identidad lectora y el capital lector: ¿son elementos clave en la configuración de las prácticas lectoras vernáculas de un adolescente de secundaria?
Authors: Galindo  Oceguera Alma Karina 
Published: June 2021

Desde la perspectiva de los Nuevos Estudios de Literacidad y con un enfoque cualitativo, este estudio piloto se plantea dos objetivos: explorar la identidad lectora, el capital lector y la práctica lectora vernácula de un estudiante de secundaria, y valorar la pertinencia de las técnicas, los instrumentos y la estrategia para el análisis de los datos empleados para ese fin. El estudio constó de dos fases. En la primera, se realizaron observaciones de aula para identificar al informante; en la segunda, se efectuaron entrevistas semiestructuradas al informante, a su madre y a una de sus profesoras, además se solicitó al adolescente que completara un formato para el registro de sus lecturas antes de cada entrevista. Los resultados muestran que las prácticas lectoras vernáculas del informante obedecen a sus intereses y necesidades y están estrechamente vinculadas con los elementos de su identidad lectora y las diferentes manifestaciones de su capital lector. Se concluye que el formato de registro de lecturas fue inútil a su propósito, mientras que la observación, las entrevistas semiestructuradas y la estrategia para el análisis de datos demostraron ser herramientas pertinentes para la construcción de datos cualitativos en el estudio de las prácticas lectoras de adolescentes.
Speaking Loudly: Critical Stylistic Analysis of Selected Soliloquies in Hamlet
Authors: Hussein Abbas Lutfi , Hussein Raad Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Critical Stylistics is concerned with the study of ideology in literary and political texts. It draws on certain criteria from the stylistic analysis. Thus, this paper attempts to apply Jeffries’ (2010) model of critical stylistics to soliloquies of Shakespearean Hamlet. It specifically aims at analyzing the two soliloquies made by the character Hamlet using only three textual-conceptual functions of the model: Representing Actions/ Events/ States; Exemplifying and Enumerating; and Hypothesizing. These functions are adopted here because they somehow represent what the character is saying loudly. The data is analyzed qualitatively to show how the tools are used and then quantitatively to show how many times these same tools are used. This paper concludes that Shakespeare’s language is ideologically loaded and there are discrepancies in the frequency and function of these tools. Besides, the frequency of these tools proves how the ideology is enforced through the language of the text.
Hubungan Usia, Lama Pendidikan, Pekerjaan, dan Paritas Ibu Dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan ANC di RSUD Syekh Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa Tahun 2018
Authors: Palancoi Najamuddin Andi , M Yusril Ihsanul , Nurdin Azizah 
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang: : ANC atau Antenatal Care merupakan suatu pelayanan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang memenuhi standard yang sesuai kepada ibu hamil untuk memeriksa kondisi kehamilannya. Ibu hamil dapat patuh melakukan ANC disebabkan oleh banyak faktor seperti diantaranya adalah usia ibu saat hamil, lama pendidikan yang sudah ditempu, status pekerjaan, dan paritas ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan usia, lama pendidikan, status pekerjaan, dan paritas ibu dengan tingkat kepatuhan ANC.
Hasil: Design penelitian ini adalah analitik retrospektif dengan menggunakan pendekatana Cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu semua ibu hamil yang mengalami komplikasi berupa perdarahan postpartum kemudian melihat bagaiman kepatuhan kepatuhan ANC ibu tersebut berdasarkan dari rekam medik RSUD Syekh Yusuf pada Tahun 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu total sampling.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan kepatuhan ANC
Pengaruh Beban Ransel Terhadap Keluhan Low Back Pain pada Mahasiswa FK-UMI Tahun 2018
Authors: Arfah Arni Isnaini , Arifin Arina Fathiyyah , Sam A. Dhedie Prasatia , Syafei Imran , Nailah Andi 
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang: Low back pain (LBP) merupakan salah satu gangguan muskuloskeletal yang paling sering diderita dan menjadi penghambat dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Penggunaan ransel merupakan faktor terpenting yang menyebabkan nyeri punggung bawah di kalangan pelajar. Berat ransel telah meningkat secara signifikan karena perlunya membawa perlengkapan akademik. Hal ini menyebabkan peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian di bidang tersebut untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat beban ransel terhadap keluhan low back pain pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muslim Indonesia tahun 2018.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan secara online menggunakan kuesioner melalui google form di tempat responden masing-masing. Hasil: Dari 147 sampel, hasil yang didapatkan bahwa mahasiswa yang membawa beban ransel (carry less) ≤ 10% dari berat badan (beban ringan) dan tidak terjadi low back pain sebanyak 77 responden, minimal disability 29 responden, dan moderate disability 3 reponden. Sedangkan mahasiswa yang membawa beban ransel (carry less) ≥ 10% dari berat badan (beban berat) dan tidak terjadi low back pain 16 responden, minimal disability 21 responden, dan moderate disability 1 responden.
Kesimpulan: Hasil uji statistik Pearson Chi- Square menunjukan ada hubungan antara beban ransel dengan kejadian low back pain. Karena nilai significance lebih besar dari 0.1 sehingga terdapat hubungan antara berat beban ransel terhadap kejadian low back pain.
Assessing African American Women Engineers’ Workplace Sentiment within the AI Field
Authors: Floyd Schenita 
Published: June 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) has infiltrated every industry and every aspect of our society. Business leaders have seen the shift AI has created and they are reacting swiftly to stay competitive. They are investing heavily in AI and hiring engineers and other technical professionals to capitalize on AI-based innovations.
Engineers are problem solvers, innovators, and at the forefront of AI technologies; their daily jobs require the consumption of an enormous amount of information to solve problems, enhance existing products, or create new products. Engineering positions require extensive interaction with peers, experts, and other experienced engineers in a male-dominated field. Male dominance causes many women engineers to experience more biases and challenges than their male colleagues, especially minority women engineers. As AI infiltrates our society, will the challenges faced by minority women engineers subside or increase and will they participate in and drive innovations using AI?
The purpose of this research paper is to assess the workplace sentiment of African American women engineers in the AI field. To assess African American women engineers’ workplace experiences within the AI field, machine learning text analysis was conducted on data extracted from Twitter. The practical implications of this research highlight African American women engineers’ perspectives and experiences, encourages African American women in engineering, and inspires future engineers in AI related careers.
Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital
Authors: Afroz Shireen , Ferdaus Tahmina , Jabbar Abdul , Tanjila Umme , Hasnat Abu , Akter Sabrina , Khondoker Tarannum , Silvi Tanjina Haque , Ferdous Jannatul , Rima Rezoana , Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Khatun Jonaki 
Published: June 2021

Background: The increasing trend in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during Covid-19 pandemic is alarming. Understanding the clinical course and outcome will give the clinical and public health implications of this syndrome.
Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the clinical presentation, course of the disease and outcome of the children and adolescents of MIS-C.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in the department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2020 to October 2020. Total 12 children of MIS-C diagnosed according to WHO diagnostic criteria of MIS-C were included after taking written informed consent from the parents. Mean, median and standard deviation were calculated for the continuous variables.
Results: The age ranged from 17 days to 13 years, 56% were male, 17% were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and 4(33%) had history of the COVID-19 exposure. Organsystem involvement included bilateral pneumonia in 92%, myocarditis in 78%, swollen hands and feet in 67%, mucocutaneous involvement in 50%, diarrhea in 50%, musculoskeletal involvement in 50%, acute kidney injury (AKI) in 33% patients and acute pancreatitis in 25% patients. The median duration of hospitalization was 11 days and ICU stay was 5 days. Mean duration of fever was 8.66 days. Kawasaki’s diseaselike features were documented in 50% patients and 4 of them had elevated level of procalcitonin and troponin I. Markedly elevated C reactive protein (CRP), Ferritin and D dimer in all patients were present. All patients with cardiac involvement had left ventricular dysfunction and ejection fraction was as low as 38.5%. Coronary-artery dilatation was documented in 33%. About 67% received intensive care with oxygen support by low flow nasal cannula or face mask, 33% received vasoactive support and systemic glucocorticoid, 50% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plus methyl prednisolone. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy was given in 75% and 33% patients respectively. Out of 12 patients 2 died, the contributing cause of death included complications like hypotension, shock, myocarditis, coagulopathy and AKI.
Conclusion: MIS-C led to serious and life-threatening complications especially when there are cardiac involvement, hypotension and acute kidney injury.
DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 87-94
Effects of Intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care in Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jahan Nishat , Hoque Md Mahbubul , Chowdhury MAK Azad 
Published: June 2021

Background: Prematurity is the largest cause of neonatal mortality. They need incubators or radiant warmers which are expensive and very difficult to arrange in a resource constraint country. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) had been proposed as an alternative to conventional neonatal care for low birthweight (LBW) babies.
Objectives: To observe the benefits of Kangaroo mother care in preterm low birth weight babies.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted over 6 months in Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Neonates who were <1800 gm and hemodynamically stable were enrolled. Total 80 neonates were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: Kangaroo mother care group and conventional method care group (incubator/warmer). The mother or caregiver were taught for KMC, supervised by trained nurses round the clock. KMC was given at least 2 hours at a time and at least 12 hours in a day. When the baby was not in KMC at that time the baby was placed in cot with adequate coverings. During hospital stay both the groups were monitored.
Results: In KMC group 25% and conventional care group 40% neonates became hypothermic. Among the study population 35% neonates in KMC and 65% neonates in conventional care groups developed sepsis (p= 0.007). More KMC babies were exclusively breastfed at the end of the study (95% vs 60%). The KMC babies had shown better growth: weight gain per day (18.35±7.81 grams vs 13.55±4.89 p<0.001) and length (0.99±0.70 vs 0.71±0.44 cm, p = 0.03). KMC babies were discharged earlier than conventional care baby.
Conclusion: KMC provides significant improvement in exclusive breast feeding, reduction of infection, decrease hospital stay and gaining weight of the babies. It also helps in maintaining temperature better than conventional care.
DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 107-113
Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Children: A Review
Authors: Biswas Rabi 
Published: June 2021

Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as serum levels of TSH above the upper limit of the reference range in the presence of normal concentrations of total T4 or free T4. This biochemical profile might be an indication of mild hypothyroidism, with a potential increased risk of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease among adults. Whether subclinical hypothyroidism results in adverse health outcomes among children is a matter of debate and so management of this condition remains challenging. Mild forms of untreated subclinical hypothyroidism do not seem to be associated with impairments in growth, bone health or neurocognitive outcome. However, ongoing scientific investigations have highlighted the presence of subtle proatherogenic abnormalities among children with modest elevations in their TSH levels. Although current findings are insufficient to recommend levothyroxine treatment for all children with mild asymptomatic forms of subclinical hypothyroidism, they highlight the potential need for assessment of cardiovascular risk among children with this condition. Increased understanding of the early metabolic risk factors associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood will help to improve the management of affected individuals.
DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 146-151
Study of Tetanus in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Tauhid Syed Ahsan , Siddika Syeda Subrina , Anwer Sk Serjina 
Published: June 2021

Background: Tetanus is a vaccine preventable serious disease that can affect people of all age group with a high mortality. Although tetanus incidence is significantly reduced due to nationwide vaccination coverage, it is not uncommon in our country.
Aims & Objectives: To determine of the socio-demographic profile, nature of injury, incubation period and outcome of the tetanus patients who were admitted in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Dhaka during the study period. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was done in the Infectious diseases hospital, Dhaka during the period of February 2017 to January 2018. The data, were collected, compiled and analyzed.
Results: Out of 149 patients, neonates were 13(8.7%) in number. Most of the cases were in middle aged group. Malefemale ratio about 4.5:1. Majority of the patients (134, 89.9%) had no history of immunization but one patient was immunized within five years. Mean incubation period tetanus was 8.45 days with ±5.56 SD. Death occurs in 41(27.5%) patients and all of them had no history of immunization. Death rate of patients having early incubation period was significantly higher (p=0.003). Death rate in neonatal tetanus (53.84%) also significantly higher than that of non-neonatal tetanus (25%) (p= 0.026).
Conclusion: Tetanus is not uncommon in Bangladesh, especially in neonates and adult male and mortality rate is high. Short incubation period predicts were outcome.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(3): 160-166
Central Venous Catheter induced Atrial Fibrillation-A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Masud , Nessa Azizun , Salek Md Al Amin 
Published: June 2021

Though a common procedure, central venous access is related to morbidity and mortality of patients. Common cardiac complications caused by central venous catheters include premature atrial and ventricular contractions. But development of atrial fibrillation with haemodynamic instability is quite rare. We are reporting a patient who developed atrial fibrillation with hypotension while inserting central venous catheter through right subclavian vein by landmark technique. Patient was managed with DC cardioversion. Careful insertion of central venous catheter & prompt management of its complication is crucial to avoid catastrophe.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(3): 200-204
Vitamin D Deficiency among the Children: A Silent Epidemic in a Selected Rural Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sarker Shamima 
Published: June 2021

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among the children worldwide. Most of the third world countries have the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, especially among the children. Unfortunately very less research work has been conducted on this subject and Bangladesh is no exception to this. Vitamin D deficiency among the Bangladeshi children has not been investigated at a level that could bring the phenomenon to the fore of the concerned stakeholders and policy makers.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children in Kaliakoir Upazila, Gazipur District, Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 0 month to <18 years attending Upazila Health (pediatrics) Complex and community clinics with minor illness. After obtaining informed written consent, venous blood was taken and serum 25(OH) D levels were determined by direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Serum 25(OH) D was categorized as deficient (<10 ng/mL), insufficient (10–29 ng/mL) and sufficient (30–100 ng/mL).
Results: Deficient serum 25(OH) D level was found in 30.15% infants of up to one year age group, 35% in 2–5 years, 35.21% in 6–11 years and 37.21% in 12–16 years age group. Insufficient level was found in 52.38% in infants up to one year, 50% in 2–5 years, 54.93% in 6–11 years and 59.30% in 12–16 years age group.
Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children in rural Bangladesh is high. The study recommends that vitamin D supplementation in rural Bangladeshi children should be formally launched from first day of birth up to minimum adolescence.
J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 93-98
Discovery of the relativistic Schrödinger equation
Authors: Barley K , Vega-Guzmán J , Ruffing A , Suslov S K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We discuss the discovery of the relativistic wave equation for a spin-zero charged particle in the Coulomb field by Erwin Schrödinger (presumably during the Christmas holidays of 1925–1926). However, in this new approach, an essential discrepancy was found with the fine structure formula for energy levels already obtained by Sommerfeld in the framework of the ‘old’ quantum mechanics. As a result, Schrödinger had to withdraw the original ‘relativistically framed’ article, a draft of which has never been found, from a journal and start all over with his centennial article on the nonrelativistic stationary Schrödinger equation. Our goal here is to follow the original ‘relativistic idea’ from a modern mathematical viewpoint and elaborate on why Schrödinger did not publish it. We hope that this consideration will encourage readers to study quantum physics starting from one of the crucial moments of its creation.