bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decarbonizing the electricity system in Sumatra region using nuclear and renewable energy based power generation
Authors: Wahyu Setya Andani Ika , Sugiyono Agus , Khotimah Khusnul , Desryanto Siregar Boanerges 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Indonesian national energy policy mandates that the new and renewable energy in 2025 reaches a share of 23% and in 2050 rises a share of 31% in the primary energy mix. The energy mix by types is further detailed in the national energy plan (RUEN). Since Indonesia is committed to participating in efforts to mitigate global climate change, the energy sector is expected to contribute to the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target of up to 29% (unconditional) and 41% (conditional) under Business as Usual (BAU) by 2030. The use of nuclear power and renewable energy-based power generations can reduce GHG emissions in the electricity sector. Sumatra region is a potential region for the development of renewable energy. In this study, various options were made to reduce GHG emissions by utilizing nuclear power and renewable energy-based power generations. Assuming that electricity planning in the Sumatra region, as stated in the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) from PLN as a Business as Usual (BaU) scenario, then an alternative scenario can be made by replacing coal power generation using low-carbon power generation. Hydropower, geothermal, and nuclear power generations are prospective options as they have large capacity per unit. At the same time, the utilization of other renewable energy sources still face some challenges due to the intermittent generation. The east coast regions of Sumatra that do not have the potential hydropower and geothermal sources, suit for nuclear power generation.
Effect of ambient temperature organic Rankine cycle geothermal power plant with Aspen plus
Authors: Sinaga Martinus , Sihombing H V , Ambarita H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study concerns a thermodynamic analysis of the Organic Rankine Cycle for energy conversion from geothermal resources. Some thermodynamic variable was simulated by using Aspen plus. The equation of state is expressed by the Peng-Robinson formulation. Analysis carried out considering the variance of ambient temperature (27°C, 30°C, 33°C, 35°C, and 40 °C) on air-cooled in the condenser. Result is obtained for several set operating parameters, such as the evaporation and condensation pressure for the variance of ambient temperature, the mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid. From results, the ambient temperature has affected for power generated of ORC. The lower ambient temperature then will increase the power generate of the system.
Geometry aspect review of the natural circulation system as innovation in passive cooling of nuclear reactor
Authors: Hariyanto D , Permana S , Suprijadi  
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe passive nuclear reactor cooling system has become a fascinating topic, especially since the nuclear incident in Fukushima Daiichi, Japan. This study proposed to review a natural circulation-based passive cooling system in the geometry aspects of the loop. The numerical review was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software to study the geometry effect on the loop’s fluid characteristics. Moreover, related research data to the study of the effect of fluid flow rate on one of the advanced nuclear reactors, namely the Molten Salt Reactor and the effect of loop geometry experimentally, are presented in this study for enrichment purposes. This study clearly showed that geometry aspects need to be considered in designing a natural circulation-based passive cooling system of a nuclear reactor.
Potential development biomass power generation in Bali
Authors: Siagian UWR , Dewi RG , Hendrawan I , Sitorus S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fulfilling Bali’s electricity supply independently, it is crucial to increase the power generation capacity to reduce supply dependence from The Jamali. Until now, the electricity supply for Bali Province has been obtaining from The Jamali electricity system, delivered through a submarine cable. Bali’s electricity consumption reaches 5,032 GWh, with a supply share from The Jamali of 36.9% and local power plants of 63.1%. In this study, the sharing of local power plants will increase to 72.6% in 2038. Bali’s Provincial Government promotes the use of 100% renewable energy sources to meet Bali’s electricity needs independently. The dominant type of fuel used is biomass. Biomass-based energy is low CO2 emissions, fulfils aspects of sustainability, and contributes to reducing carbon emissions. It is in line with the Paris Agreement targets, supported by several regulations related to the development of renewable energy sources that have been stipulated by the Governments. However, the potential capacity of biomass power plants in Bali is only limited to 147 MW. A possible approach is to obtain it from other regions through regional development plans. South Kalimantan is an area that has an enormous potential land to support biomass plantation, which is estimated to reach 1,266 MW. In this study, analytical research or a feasibility study is to identify potential sources of renewable energy, such as Anthocephalus cadamba (jabon), Gmelina Arborea (jati putih), Samanea saman (trembesi). These plants have the potential to be planted in South Kalimantan. The type of technology that may be suitable for Bali’s biomass power plant is fluidized bed technology, as it has higher conversion efficiency and needs less area for biomass plantation. The identified land area that may develop for biomass plantation in South Kalimantan is around 175,600 ha. Meanwhile, the land area demand for biomass plantation for the Bali power plant is 100,000 ha to 171,000 ha with the fluidized bed technology utilizing Anthocephalus cadamba (jabon). The South Kalimantan unused lands and former mines would be sufficient to be used as a biomass plantation area for the Bali power plant with fluidized bed technology utilize Anthocephalus cadamba (jabon).
The potential of renewable-based power plant development towards Bali green and independent electricity supply
Authors: Dewi RG , Siagian UWR , Sevie GN , Hendrawan I , Parinderati R , Rakhmana R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents results of a study on the potential for renewable energy-based power plants development in Bali. The renewable energy-based power plants is developed in order to stop dependence of electricity supply from outside Bali and to increase the share of renewable energy in the power supply mix to achieve Bali green and independent electricity and for climate change mitigation. . In this study, AIM-Enduse model was used to estimate the potential of renewable energy-based power plants and GHG emissions reduction from the deployment of renewables in Bali’s power supply mix. There were three scenarios for representing renewable energy-based power plants development in Bali, i.e. baseline (business as usual) and two scenarios (CM1 and CM2) of the deployment of renewables in the power supply mix. The CM1 described conservative scenario of the deployment of renewable in the energy supply mix of Bali’s power plants while CM2 represented optimistic scenario. Since the renewable is considered as carbon neutral, therefore these scenarios can also relate to the mitigation actions to reduce GHG emissions. Under the CM1, GHG emissions reduction potential from the deployment of renewable energy technology in Bali’s power plants and the conversion of coal to natural gas power plants is accounted to about 22% (1.5 MtCO2e) in 2030 and can be targeted up to 32% (4.0 MtCO2e) in 2050. The deployment of renewable energy under the CM1 is 0.96 GW in 2030 and 1.92 GW in 2050. Under the CM2, the GHG emissions reduction potential from the deployment of renewable energy technology in Bali’s power plants and the conversion of coal to natural gas power plants is accounted to about 23% (2.16 MtCO2e) in 2030 and targeted to achieve 27% (4.75 MtCO2e) in 2050. The deployment of renewable energy under the CM2 is more ambitious compared to those in CM2, i.e. 1.39 GW in 2030 and 2.36 GW in 2050.
Study of rare earth elements potential in acid mine drainage from coal mine: a case study
Authors: Meriestica F L , Badhurahman A , Gautama R S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is one of the crucial impacts of coal mining activities. This issue is becoming increasingly important because acid mine drainage will become a burden in the post-mining period if not appropriately managed. AMD can leach side materials, causing an increase in dissolved heavy metals, including Rare Earth Elements. REE is an essential raw material for applying modern technology whose demand is increasing globally from year to year. Until 2019, 77% of REE production came from China. The combination of scarce supply and high demand has encouraged various studies to evaluate alternative REE resources. In Indonesia, there is few research about the presence of REE in AMD from coal mine. The objective of this study to determine the amount, characteristics and enrichment mechanisms of REE in AMD, moreover this research is a preliminary study on the alternatives of REE resources. Five water samples were subjected to physical tests well as analysis of IC and ICP-MS. The water sample was 5 had a low pH of 2.90 - 3.82. The concentration of Total REE (not include Lu and Tb) from samples ranged from 0.1032 - 0.6174 ppm with an average Total REE of 0.4810−3 ppm.
Quo vadis steam power plant in Indonesia? Implementation of GE-McKinsey matrix analysis on creating the strategy for steam power plant business entity
Authors: Akbar Untoro Adrian , Nico Siagian Herry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although today Indonesia develops renewable energy actively, the energy mix for Steam Power Plant is still dominant at 27% based on RUPTL 2019-2028. Lots of entities are involved in business related to a steam power plant in Indonesia, ranging from mining companies, coal transport companies, and steam power plants owned by PLN, PLN’s subsidiaries, and IPP. This paper aims to conduct an internal and external analysis of the condition of the steam power plant industry and market in Indonesia and to determine the strategies and policies for the management of entities involved in business related to Steam Power Plant. Internal and external analysis is performed using PESTEL Analysis, Porter Analysis and Resource Based Analysis. Then, an analysis is conducted to evaluate the current condition of the portfolio using the GE McKinsey Matrix Analysis to assess the business strength and industry attractiveness of each entity. Based on those analyses, IPP Coastal Steam Power Plant should not only develop Medium Rank Coal-based power plants, but also HRLS (High-Risk Low Sulphur) coal, which is still large in reserves and coal prices tend to fall and has the potential to be sold on the domestic market rather than being sold to the import market (which tends to start leaving behind fossil plants and increasing the share of renewable energy). IPP Mine Mouth Power Plant should start to use Medium Rank Coal (not only Very Low-Rank Coal), considering that there is still a lot of Medium Rank Low Sulphur (MRLS) and Medium Rank High Sulphur (MRHS) coal. As a coal concession owner, not only looking for low-rank concessions or very low-rank coal to be acquired but also looking for medium coal rank (MRLS or MRHS) concessions, especially in Sumatra, which at present valuation will be at a low value.
Is cheap fuel policy a (short-term) remedy for costly transportation in rural Indonesia?
Authors: Ichsan M , Martak YF , Ramadhani M , Septyandrica CR , Yusgiantoro P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High fuel prices in rural regions in Indonesia have for years limited the mobility of local communities and their economic development. In addressing the problem, since 2016 the government has implemented a policy called BBM Satu Harga or One Price Fuel to guarantee the provision of fuels at the government’s price control in the last miles. In this paper, we assess the impact of the One Price Fuel policy on averaged domestic transport costs in surrounding intervened villages to see the effectiveness of the policy implementation. Our analysis employs Difference in Difference (DD) regression model covering all villages under districts that contain at least one of the 58 intervened subdistricts and a period between 2014 and 2018. We exercise various control variables, fixed effect, and propensity score matching into the model. Although we consider the One Price Fuel policy as a short-term remedy for the problem, our estimates show that the policy has successfully reduced domestic transport costs in the rural regions by almost 65% on average. However, when we divide the rural regions into two categories: The frontier, outermost and underdeveloped villages (3T villages) and non-3T villages; the policy only affects the former. Also, our estimates suggest that improving transportation infrastructure in the villages is among effective policy options to reduce rural transport costs.
Predicting the future of Indonesia: energy, economic and sustainable environment development
Authors: Wayan Ngarayana I , Sutanto Jepri , Murakami Kenta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia was one of the most top oil exporters which believe it has a vast fossil fuel reserve. However, after some decades of exploration, oil production decreasing gradually. In around 2004, the oil production lowers than consumption that forced Indonesia to enter the period of oil net importer. The other fossil energy resource depletion predicted will happen soon. Indonesia will enter the era of natural gas and coal net importer around 2028 and 2038, respectively. The fast depletion of fossil energy reserves, the momentum of the “golden age” population, environmental protection, and technological limitations to exploit new and renewable energy resources pose particular problems in Indonesian economic development. By using several energy forecasting results that are modelled in several ways, the discussion then is conducted qualitatively from the correlation between energy, economic, and environmental perspectives to predict the future conditions of Indonesia. From this study, we argue that there are several challenge scenarios that will ultimately overcome, especially in increasing energy security or suppressing the growth of energy consumption by curbing industrialization.
Life cycle Assessment of natural gas combined cycle steam power generation systems in Indonesia: case Study on Gresik power plant
Authors: Annisa Rina , Jiwandono Kandu , Marteda Gede , Sinisuka Ngapuli I , Surya Dinata Indra , Reski Hasibuan Ompung , Shoheh Moh. , Fadlilah Imroatul , Adriansyah Taufik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study aims to provide a comprehensive environmental life cycle assessment of electricity production from a steam power plant fuelled only by natural gas. LCA includes the complete phases of the gate to gate, from raw material acceptance until electricity produced as a gate to gate approach. The LCA study was performed using manual calculation and Open LCA 1.9, where the selected impact assessment methodology is CML. A Combined cycle steam power plant is used in generating electricity due to its efficiency by re-using flue gas from the gas turbine by a steam turbine. This LCA study divided all boundaries into four Subsystems: energy preparation package, water production package, electricity production, and support Subsystem. From the calculation, it was found that Acidification Potential (AP) is the most impact, and 50.22% comes from NOx as the most significant resource from the combustion chamber process, followed by Photochemical Oxidant Potential (POCP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP).
Simulation of tipping fee policy to support municipal waste management into alternative fuel in the cement industry: a case study of Tuban landfill Indonesia
Authors: Ummatin K K , Faria N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Refused Derived Fuels (RDF) alternative energy materials from municipal waste are alternative materials needed by the cement industry to substitute coal. Apart from the fact that RDF products have high heat, RDF prices are more economical than coal. RDF production is also able to solve municipal solid waste (MSW) problems and reduce CO2 emissions. In Indonesia statute no. 18, 2008, concerning waste management, it has regulated a tipping fee or compensation from the government to process costs per ton of waste. However, not many governments in cities in Indonesia have determined the value of this compensation. The purpose of this study is to simulate a tipping fee policy to support municipal solid waste management as an alternative material for RDF in the cement industry. This research’s case study is municipal solid waste management in Tuban, a cement plant in Tuban. Method stages This research was carried out by making a feasibility study model at the RDF Plant in Tuban. Next, a simulation of the number of tipping fees should be spent. The simulation results will be compared with project feasibility indicators such as NPV, IRR, payback period, and BCR. The results showed that tipping fees were needed to support project sustainability. It was suggested that with the maximum investment of 5 billion Rupiah, the minimum tipping fee is 70 thousand Rupiah per ton for processing 120 tons MSW per day. That should be supported by the sale of a by-product of RDF production in the form of fertilizer.
The effectiveness of the PLN website application as a communication media and services for customers during the pandemic period in Pangkalpinang city
Authors: Kusuma M H , Damiri N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PT. PLN (Persero) as one of the state-owned enterprises (BUMN) received a mandate from the Indonesian government to provide electricity services and COVID-19 stimulus assistance to people affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to social distancing policy during current pandemic, PT. PLN (Persero) should provide alternative online media services, such as the PT PLN (Persero) website application to meet all the electricity needs of customers and distribute electricity payment stimulus assistance. Therefore, it was interesting to study the effectiveness of the PT. PLN (Persero) website application as a communication media and services during the pandemic period in Pangkalpinang city. This study used four established variables to assessthe quality of e-service, namely efficiency, fulfillment, service availability, and privacy. The method used in this research was a quantitative method with a questionnaire approach. The number of samples was 399 respondents. The sampling method was purposive sampling with the criteria of respondents was the user of the PT PLN (Persero) website application. Based on the analysis of survey questionnaire results, observation, and other supporting data, it was concluded that PT. PLN (Persero) website application for customers during the pandemic in Pangkalpinang city is significantly effective as it had fulfilled all the variables mentioned above.
Covid-19 and its effect on the changing of energy industrial employment learning methods: analysis of the effectiveness
Authors: Agus Dwino Putra Fajrie , Ariana Sunda , Damiri Nurhayati 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although online learning at PT PLN (Persero) UPDL Palembang started in 2017, the level of effectiveness of online learning remains unknown for learning level 3 and above. To carry out cost efficiency in implementing the learning activity and to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak, PT PLN (Persero) UPDL Palembang that has a role in employee development plans to convert all of its learning methods to online learning. The effectiveness of learning activity can be measured by using four variables: delivery media, cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence. The learning effectiveness at PT PLN (Persero) UPDL Palembang are assessed by means of descriptive exploratory research using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. It utilized data collection through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the analysis of collected data, it is concluded that online learning at PT PLN (Persero) UPDL Palembang has not been effective as the four parameters have not been fulfilled.
Awareness of environmental and energy issue in Indonesia K-12 education system
Authors: Leslie  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries that have a strong commitment to reducing greenhouse gases. The transition to the next-generation also plays a significant role in order to ensure the continuation of the world issue, reducing greenhouse gases, and using renewable energy resources. The author does a survey limited to three schools in Medan to understand how far the students in these schools have been taught about the implementation of environmentally friendly energy resources. From the samples taken, only 13% of these students apply technology and prototyping in the energy field. About 87% of these students claimed that they never apply technology and prototyping in the energy field. The result is then tested through hypothesis testing, and within a 10% significant level, there is enough evidence to say that the students are not being exposed to the implementation of these topics optimally. From the same group of samples, the author then offers two courses that cover the application of technology and programming in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. For technology and prototyping purposes, a micro bit is used. While for programming, python is used. After the class ends, another survey was carried out, and 80% of these students claimed that those classes give them insight into the application of STEM in real life and motivate them to be a young scientist. Students who claimed have learned these during school lessons are going through the topics by themselves because the schools required them to run a science fair. This study implied that our education department should pay more attention and should include environmental and renewable energy as one of the compulsory lessons at schools.
Nuclear energy development self-management concept to support national energy security and national defense (case study: commercial NPP plans in the West Kalimantan region)
Authors: Santosa Sigit , Khotimah Khusnul , Wahyu Setya Andani Ika , Ratih Kumaraningrum Anggraini 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia’s energy consumption is still increasing, including in the West Kalimantan Region, by 8.2% growth in electricity customers. During this time, West Kalimantan still fulfilling its energy needs in imports around 30% of energy supply (200 MW) from Sarawak, Malaysia. This condition can weaken national energy security and national sovereignty because it has not independently met its energy needs from domestic sources. At the same time, the potential for local energy sources in West Kalimantan is to get uranium deposits of 45,730 tons, which are nuclear fuel. Qualitative Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) research method to find the concept of self-management based on 4A (Availability, Affordability, Acceptability, Accessibility) + 1S (Sustainability). The results of the self-management concept obtained by integrating aspects: (1) Accessibility and Acceptability in the form of priorities for improving top-down and bottom-up cross-sectoral coordination management systems, namely the central and regional governments in the development of nuclear power plants with the involvement of local communities from the beginning of planning; (2) Affordability of making technical designs by BATAN with SMR (Small Modular Reactor) technology in the construction of commercial-scale nuclear power plants in terms of the availability of local resources as nuclear raw materials.