bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxfordian brachiopods from the ammonitico rosso-type Fonyászó Limestone formation at Zengővárkony, Mecsek Mountains, Hungary and their palaeoecological, palaeobiogeographical and palaeopathological significance
Authors: Bujtor László , Albrecht Richárd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent discovery of a previously unknown outcrop in the vicinity of the Zengővárkony lime-kilns (Mecsek Mountains, Hungary) provided a few identifiable upper Oxfordian brachiopods that exhibit a truly Mediterranean (Tethyan) character. Dating of the outcrop is based on a rich ammonite fauna:Benetticeras benettii; Trimarginitesex gr.trimarginatus; Orthosphinctes (Orthosphinctes)ex gr.tizianiclearly indicate the Late Oxfordian. The brachiopod fauna indicates a deep-water marine environment and well-oxygenated sea floor.Nucleata boueiandPygope catulloiare recorded for the first time from the Mecsek Mountains. A pathologic specimen ofPygope catulloiis also recognized. Its ventral valve was injured in an early developmental stage that caused deformation of the left side, which was overgrown by the healthy right side and created an asymmetric adult shell shape. Cause of the injury is unclear but it provides further evidence for subsequent healing of brachiopods after being injured. This is the first description and illustration of Oxfordian brachiopods from the Mecsek Mountains, Hungary. The occurrence of Tethyan originating pygopid brachiopods in the Oxfordian strengthens earlier observations that from the Bathonian/Callovian Tethyan influence became overwhelming in the Mecsek Mountains fauna.Pygope catulloistrengthens records from Algeria that pygopid brachiopods may have occurred very early on the periphery of the Western Tethys.
Emotionally Informed Hate Speech Detection: A Multi-target Perspective
Authors: Chiril Patricia , Pamungkas Endang Wahyu , Benamara Farah , Moriceau Véronique , Patti Viviana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHate Speech and harassment are widespread in online communication, due to users' freedom and anonymity and the lack of regulation provided by social media platforms. Hate speech is topically focused (misogyny, sexism, racism, xenophobia, homophobia, etc.), and each specific manifestation of hate speech targets different vulnerable groups based on characteristics such as gender (misogyny, sexism), ethnicity, race, religion (xenophobia, racism, Islamophobia), sexual orientation (homophobia), and so on. Most automatic hate speech detection approaches cast the problem into a binary classification task without addressing either thetopical focusor thetarget-orientednature of hate speech. In this paper, we propose to tackle, for the first time, hate speech detection from a multi-target perspective. We leverage manually annotated datasets, to investigate the problem of transferring knowledge from different datasets with different topical focuses and targets. Our contribution is threefold: (1) we explore the ability of hate speech detection models to capture common properties from topic-generic datasets and transfer this knowledge to recognize specific manifestations of hate speech; (2) we experiment with the development of models to detect both topics (racism, xenophobia, sexism, misogyny) and hate speech targets, going beyond standard binary classification, to investigatehow to detect hate speech at a finer level of granularityandhow to transfer knowledge across different topics and targets; and (3) we study the impact of affective knowledge encoded in sentic computing resources (SenticNet, EmoSenticNet) and in semantically structured hate lexicons (HurtLex) in determining specific manifestations of hate speech. We experimented with different neural models including multitask approaches. Our study shows that: (1) training a model on a combination of several (training sets from several) topic-specific datasets is more effective than training a model on a topic-generic dataset; (2) the multi-task approach outperforms a single-task model when detecting both the hatefulness of a tweet and its topical focus in the context of a multi-label classification approach; and (3) the models incorporating EmoSenticNet emotions, the first level emotions of SenticNet, a blend of SenticNet and EmoSenticNet emotions or affective features based on Hurtlex, obtained the best results. Our results demonstrate that multi-target hate speech detection from existing datasets is feasible, which is a first step towards hate speech detection for a specific topic/target when dedicated annotated data are missing. Moreover, we prove that domain-independent affective knowledge, injected into our models, helps finer-grained hate speech detection.
Pedagogical content knowledge in students majoring in physical education vs. sport science. The same but different?
Authors: Meier Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is a special feature providing the teacher with knowledge to transform the content in ways that make it understandable to learners. This is of special importance in physical education (PE), since it is significantly different to other school subjects in many ways i.e., it is the only subject whereby physical activity (PA) is a primary means of accomplishing educational objectives. Given the importance of PCK, it is of special interest to explore the specificity of PCK in in the field of sport science. As research on PCK in German speaking countries is still at the beginning, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 622 students to explore potential differences in relation to education programmes (PE Teacher Educationn = 431, sport sciencen = 191). Measurement invariance (MI) between the groups was carried out using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis models to ensure latent mean scores can be compared meaningfully. The progressive evaluation of MI confirms that it is possible to measure the PCK (scalar) equivalently across PETE and sport science students, along with additional variables relevant to PCK. PETE students outperformed sport science students in terms of the “instruction” subdimension (also in different stages of study), whereas not in the “student” subdimension. Prior experience in the field of PA is an advantage for high scores only in the “instruction” subdimension. Finally, the study provides first insights into the specificity of PCK in the field of sport science.
Constructing a biomimetic robust bi-layered hydrophilic lubrication coating on surface of silicone elastomer
Authors: Gao Luyao , Zhao Xiaoduo , Ma Shuanhong , Ma Zhengfeng , Cai Meirong , Liang Yong-Min , Zhou Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSilicone elastomers-based materials have been extensively involved in the field of biomedical devices, while their use is extremely restricted due to the poor surface lubricity and inherent hydrophobicity. This paper describes a novel strategy for generating a robust layered soft matter lubrication coating on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone elastomer, by entangling thick polyzwitterionic polyelectrolyte brush of poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) into the sub-surface of the initiator-embedded stiff hydrogel coating layer of P(AAm-co-AA-co-HEMA-Br)/Fe, to achieve a unified low friction and high load-bearing properties. Meanwhile, the stiff hydrogel layer with controllable thickness is covalently anchored on the surface of PDMS by adding iron powder to provide catalytic sites through surface catalytically initiated radical polymerization (SCIRP) method and provides high load-bearing capacity, while the topmost brush/hydrogel composite layer is highly effective for aqueous lubrication. Their synergy effects are capable of attaining low friction coefficient (COFs) under wide range of loaded condition in water environment with steel ball as sliding pair. Furthermore, the influence of mechanical modulus of the stiff hydrogel layer on the lubrication performance of layered coating is investigated, for which the COF is the lowest only when the modulus of the stiff hydrogel layer well matches the PDMS substrate. Surprisingly, the COF of the modified PDMS could remain low friction (COF < 0.05) stably after encountering 50,000 sliding cycles under 10 N load. Finally, the surface wear characterizations prove the robustness of the layered lubricating coating. This work provides a new route for engineering lubricious silicon elastomer with low friction, high load-bearing capacity, and considerable durability.
A Review of Circular Economy Prospects for Stainless Steelmaking Slags
Authors: Holappa Lauri , Kekkonen Marko , Jokilaakso Ari , Koskinen Juha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The world of stainless steel production was 52 Mt in 2019, and the annual amount of slags including electric furnace, AOD converter, ladle, and casting tundish, was estimated at 15–17 Mt. Nowadays, only a minor fraction of slags from stainless steel production is utilized and a major part goes to landfilling. These slags contain high-value elements (Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti, V…) as oxides or in metallic form, some of them being environmentally problematic if dumped. Thus, any approach toward circular economy solutions for stainless steel slags would have great economic and environmental impacts. This contribution examines the slags from different process stages, and the available and new potential means to increase internal recycling and to modify slags composition and structure by optimizing their properties for reclaiming in high-value applications. Eventual methods are, e.g., fast controlled cooling and modifying additives. Means to recover valuable metals are discussed as well as potential product applications to utilize various slags with different chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. By integrating the treatments and steering of slags′ properties to the total process optimization system, the principles of circular economy could be achieved.

Graphical Abstract
Sorting and Recycling of Lightweight Packaging in Germany — Climate Impacts and Options for Increasing Circularity Using Tracer-Based-Sorting
Authors: Kusch Anina , Gasde Johannes , Deregowski Carolin , Woidasky Jörg , Lang-Koetz Claus , Viere Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper elaborates an energy and material flow model for conventional lightweight packaging sorting and recycling in Germany based on literature analysis and information provided by industry experts. The model is used to determine specific energy and material demands of particular lightweight packaging fractions and their respective climate impacts. Fluorescent-based identification techniques, tracer-based-sorting in particular, are assessed as an option to increase material circularity due to improved sorting and recycling accuracy. In comparison to primary production of lightweight packaging, conventional sorting and recycling saves 565 kg CO2-eq./Mg of input sorting. A total of four implementation scenarios are considered, reflecting the percentage of mixed plastics and residuals that can be mechanically processed through improved sorting (10%, 50%, 90% and 100%). Using tracer-based-sorting, these savings increase from 578 up to 1227 kg CO2-eq/Mg depending on implementation scenario. This paper concludes that tracer-based-sorting can contribute to an environmentally benign circular economy by yielding high-quality regranulates, which are capable of substituting more carbon-intensive primary production of lightweight packaging.
Influence of Avoidant Coping on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Job Burnout Among Firefighters: The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support
Authors: Chen Yaru , Li Xiaohui , Chen Chen , An Yuanyuan , Shi Junyi , Huang Jiali , Zhao Yuqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:The study aims to explore the effects of avoidant coping on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and job burnout among firefighters, and to examine the mediating role of perceived social support on the relationship between avoidant coping and PTSS and job burnout.Method:Assessments including the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS), Coping Style Inventory (CSI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were conducted among 431 firefighters studying in a school specializing in training firemen in Nanjing, China.Result:The results show that: (1) Avoidant coping was positively related to PTSS and job burnout among firefighters; and (2) avoidant coping was positively related to PTSS and job burnout through the mediating effect of perceived social support.Conclusion:These findings not only provide guiding information for relevant departments to prevent mental health issues of firefighters in the future, but also enlighten the psychological intervention for firefighters, that is, to encourage firefighters to actively face and solve problems and adopt positive coping styles, as well as offer them more care and support whenever possible.
Qualitative assessment of YouTube videos as a source of patient information for cochlear implant surgery
Authors: Thomas C , Westwood J , Butt G F 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundYouTube is increasingly used as a source of healthcare information. This study evaluated the quality of videos on YouTube about cochlear implants.MethodsYouTube was searched using the phrase ‘cochlear implant’. The first 60 results were screened by two independent reviewers. A modified Discern tool was used to evaluate the quality of each video.ResultsForty-seven videos were analysed. The mean overall Discern score was 2.0 out of 5.0. Videos scored higher for describing positive elements such as the benefits of a cochlear implant (mean score of 3.4) and scored lower for negative elements such as the risks of cochlear implant surgery (mean score of 1.3).ConclusionThe quality of information regarding cochlear implant surgery on YouTube is highly variable. These results demonstrated a bias towards the positive attributes of cochlear implants, with little mention of the risks or uncertainty involved. Although videos may be useful as supplementary information, critical elements required to make an informed decision are lacking. This is of particular importance when patients are considering surgery.
TIMBRE-BASED COMPOSITION, MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES AND AMBIGUITY IN REBECCA SAUNDERS’ COMPOSITIONAL STYLE
Authors: Abram Omri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article takes up Rebecca Saunders’ comments on the significance of timbre in her work to develop a timbre-centred analytical technique for two of her compositions, Ire (2012), for cello and ensemble, and Still (2011), for violin and orchestra. Two overarching principles are identified: the organisation of the pieces’ sounds into clearly differentiated categories, which can also overlap in different ways, and the use of a phrase-based logic in the pieces’ formal construction. Alongside the timbral construction, stable pitches acquire formal significance by virtue of their rarity and conspicuousness. I also elaborate on the ways in which perceptual ambiguity is fruitfully exploited in these works.
Review of Sertoli cell dysfunction caused by COVID-19 that could affect male fertility
Authors: Niazi Tabar Amirreza , Sojoudi Kiana , Henduei Hannaneh , Azizi Hossein 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpermatogenesis is a complex and elaborate differentiation process and is vital for male fertility. Sertoli cells play a major role in fertility and induce spermatogenesis by protecting, nourishing, and supporting germ cells. It has been speculated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could directly affect the male reproductive system, and therefore heredity and fertility. The similarity of SARS-CoV-2 to SARS-CoV could confirm this hypothesis because both viruses use angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) as the receptor to enter human cells. ACE2 is expressed by Sertoli cells and other testicular cells, therefore COVID-19 has the potential to impair fertility by destroying Sertoli cells. This hypothesis should be evaluated and confirmed by monitoring fertility in patients with COVID-19.
Breeding performance and embryogenic development of three strains of Heterobranchus longifilis in Nigeria
Authors: Alih R.A. , Solomon S.G. , Olufeagba S.O. , Cheikyula J.O. , Abol-Munafi A.B. , Okomoda V.T. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe study sought to investigate the chronology of events and timing of embryogenesis, as well as breeding performances of three strains of Heterobranchus longifilis from Nigeria. Fish samples were collected from Benue River in Makurdi, Niger River in Onitsha, and Rima River in Sokoto for this study. Induced spawning of the strains was carried out so that egg development could be tracked from fertilization to hatching using a simple microscope. The microphotographs obtained showed that the embryogenesis of the strains followed a similar pattern to those of other members of the family Clariidae, however with changes occurring in the specific timing of the sequences of events (i.e. interstrain and interspecies differences). When the different strains were compared, the study noted similarities (P > 0.05) in the overall breeding performance (except for fertilization rate), survival at different stages of development, timing of embryogenesis, and larvae characteristics. The outcomes of this study, therefore, provide baseline information on what genetic improvement of the species through strain crossing can be attempted in future studies.
Novel pathogenic variant of MYBPC3 responsible for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Li Zhenghao , Wang Qingfa , Zhang Yongfa , Zhao Cuifen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to investigate the pathogenic gene variant in a family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using whole-exome sequencing and to explore the relationship between the gene variant and clinical phenotype.Methods:Peripheral blood was collected from a family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. The possible pathogenic genes were detected by whole-exome sequencing, and the variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. Functional change in the variant was predicted by bioinformatics software. Clinical data of the family members are analysed simultaneously.Results:The proband carries a novel heterozygous nonsense variant of MYBPC3:c.2731G > T (p.E911X). The analysis of amino acid conservation suggests that the variation is highly conserved. The three-dimensional protein structure shows that the variant in MYBPC3 results in the incompleteness of the fibronectintype-III2 (p872–967) domain and deletion of Ig-like C2-type 6 (p971–1065) and fibronectin type-III 3 and Ig-like C2-type 7 (p1181–1274) domains, in which p1253–1268 is predicted to have a transmembrane helix structure. Clinical data indicate that the phenotypes of variant carriers with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are diverse, suggesting the functional damages to the protein of MYBPC3.Conclusion:The phenotypes of variant carriers with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by the novel variant in MYBPC3: c.2731G > T (p.E911X) exhibit variable severity and clinical manifestations. Whole-exome sequencing can be used to comprehensive screen hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes and provide a strong basis for early screening and accurate diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children.
Iatrogenic perforation of atrial appendage and successful closure with Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder, in a 1-year-old patient
Authors: Temel Münevver T. , Selçuk Arif , Başpınar Osman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present the successful transcatheter closure of the perforation of the cardiac wall from atrial appendage in a 1-year-old girl. Although open-heart surgical repair has been the primary option, percutaneous device closure should always be considered before surgery.
The Effects of Unsubstantiated Claims of Voter Fraud on Confidence in Elections
Authors: Berlinski Nicolas , Doyle Margaret , Guess Andrew M. , Levy Gabrielle , Lyons Benjamin , Montgomery Jacob M. , Nyhan Brendan , Reifler Jason 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolitical elites sometimes seek to delegitimize election results using unsubstantiated claims of fraud. Most recently, Donald Trump sought to overturn his loss in the 2020 US presidential election by falsely alleging widespread fraud. Our study provides new evidence demonstrating the corrosive effect of fraud claims like these on trust in the election system. Using a nationwide survey experiment conducted after the 2018 midterm elections – a time when many prominent Republicans also made unsubstantiated fraud claims – we show that exposure to claims of voter fraud reduces confidence in electoral integrity, though not support for democracy itself. The effects are concentrated among Republicans and Trump approvers. Worryingly, corrective messages from mainstream sources do not measurably reduce the damage these accusations inflict. These results suggest that unsubstantiated voter-fraud claims undermine confidence in elections, particularly when the claims are politically congenial, and that their effects cannot easily be mitigated by fact-checking.
The COVID‐19 Pandemic Not Only Poses Challenges, but Also Opens Opportunities for Sustainable Transformation
Authors: Pradhan Prajal , Subedi Daya Raj , Khatiwada Dilip , Joshi Kirti Kusum , Kafle Sagar , Chhetri Raju Pandit , Dhakal Shobhakar , Gautam Ambika Prasad , Khatiwada Padma Prasad , Mainaly Jony , Onta Sharad , Pandey Vishnu Prasad , Parajuly Keshav , Pokharel Sijal , Satyal Poshendra , Singh Devendra Raj , Talchabhadel Rocky , Tha Rupesh , Thapa Bhesh Raj , Adhikari Kamal , Adhikari Shankar , Chandra Bastakoti Ram , Bhandari Pitambar , Bharati Saraswoti , Bhusal Yub Raj , Bahadur BK Man , Bogati Ramji , Kafle Simrin , Khadka Manohara , Khatiwada Nawa Raj , Lal Ajay Chandra , Neupane Dinesh , Neupane Kaustuv Raj , Ojha Rajit , Regmi Narayan Prasad , Rupakheti Maheswar , Sapkota Alka , Sapkota Rupak , Sharma Mahashram , Shrestha Gitta , Shrestha Indira , Shrestha Khadga Bahadur , Tandukar Sarmila , Upadhyaya Shyam , Kropp Jürgen P. , Bhuju Dinesh Raj 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted social, economic, and environmental systems worldwide, slowing down and reversing the progress made in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDGs belong to the 2030 Agenda to transform our world by tackling humankind's challenges to ensure well‐being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. We explore the potential impacts of the pandemic on SDGs for Nepal. We followed a knowledge co‐creation process with experts from various professional backgrounds, involving five steps: online survey, online workshop, assessment of expert's opinions, review and validation, and revision and synthesis. The pandemic has negatively impacted most SDGs in the short term. Particularly, the targets of SDG 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13 have and will continue to have weakly to moderately restricting impacts. However, a few targets of SDG 2, 3, 6, and 11 could also have weakly promoting impacts. The negative impacts have resulted from impeding factors linked to the pandemic. Many of the negative impacts may subside in the medium and long terms. The key five impeding factors are lockdowns, underemployment and unemployment, closure of institutions and facilities, diluted focus and funds for non‐COVID‐19‐related issues, and anticipated reduction in support from development partners. The pandemic has also opened a window of opportunity for sustainable transformation, which is short‐lived and narrow. These opportunities are lessons learned for planning and action, socio‐economic recovery plan, use of information and communication technologies and the digital economy, reverse migration and “brain gain,” and local governments' exercising authorities.