bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The farmer’s response to the improvement of cropping index through intercropping of maize – soybean and groundnut monoculture in Pemalang
Authors: Nurwahyuni E , Arianti F D , Hindarwati Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of efforts to increase cropping index (CI), in rainfed lowland areas is by intercropping. In this system land can be planted with two or more types of plants at almost in same time, to improve farmer profit. Farmers’ adoption of this technology varies and its response was influenced by the introduction process. This study aimed to determine the level of farmers response to corn-soybean intercropping technology and factors which affecting farmers response to the application of intercropping technology at Pemalang Central Java. This study using descriptive and quantitative data analysis from observation, interview and documentation. Thirty farmers as respondent were selected. In this study, analytical method was employed to determine the level of farmer response, meanwhile, regression analysis was used to determine the factors which influencing farmer response. The results showed that farmer response was high on land processing (69.57%), seed treatment (78.26%), spacing (95.65%), ease of planting corn (95.65%), ease of harvesting turiman-jale. (69.57%) and the ability to increase IP (65.22%). The variable of land area has significant effect to the response of turiman-jale technology and its increase linearly in farmer response for each addition of 0.88 hectares of land.
Physical characteristics of instantized cocoa drink formulated with maltodextrin produced using continuous-type steam jet agglomerator
Authors: Nurkholisa Z , Saputro A D , Hardiyanto Y F , Setiadi P A , Bintaro N , Karyadi J N W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cocoa drinks are greatly demanded by consumers, considering that Indonesia has a relatively high temperature. The purpose of this study was to examine mathematically, the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder produced using continuous-type steam jet agglomerator with 8 hours drying duration. The variables used in this study were fat content (11, 27%, and a mixture of both) and maltodextrin content (25, 30, 35, and 40%). The results of this study indicated that fat, maltodextrin and their interactions affected the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder. It can be seen from several characteristics that instantized cocoa powder had higher solubility values (40-65%) and lower dispersibility values (3-5%) than those of reference sample, made without “hot” steaming process.
Farmers’ perceptions of soil block nursery techniques on shallot seeds in Grobogan District, Central Java
Authors: Chanifah  , Sahara D , Kusumasari A C , Kushartanti E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The research aimed to know the performance of seedlings and farmers’ perceptions of Shallot seed nursery techniques using soil blocks. The study was conducted in Grobogan Regency from September - November 2018. The research method used three nursery techniques, namely a seedbed with soil block, plastic bags, and plumbing. The data collected included technical data, namely data on the growth and productivity of shallots, and data on farmers’ perceptions of nursery techniques obtained by interviewing 30 farmers. Technical data were analyzed descriptively use an average value and t-test, evaluated farmer’s perceptions using 11 attributes and five evaluation scales, which were analyzed using a 5-scale interval scoring technique. The results showed that the average shallot productivity obtained by the soil block nursery technique was higher than the other nursery techniques. Farmers have a good perception of soil block nursery techniques compared to other methods because shallot seeds are very easy to grow, seedlings are very easy to move to the planting area, seedlings are very easy to grow in planted area, seedlings thrive in planted area, and size of the resulting bulbs is very big. The soil block nursery technique is an alternative to increasing shallot production.
The impact of sustainable palm oil management on sustainable landscape
Authors: Chalil D , Barus R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With a total area of 16.3 million ha, oil palm plantations in Indonesia are crucial in realizing a sustainable landscape. South Tapanuli District was chosen for this study due to their high conservation value and the possession of a Sustainable Palm Oil Action Plan that is internalized in the Regional Plan document. The analysis was conducted descriptively using secondary data from legal documents and palm oil sustainable certificates, namely ISPO and RSPO, and primary data from 320 smallholders of 6 main commodities and stakeholders from 11 government offices, NGO, and local university. These data were analyzed with Statistical Descriptive Model using indicators of sustainability from economic and other commodity needs. The results show that Sustainable Palm Oil Management has been integrated in the South Tapanuli Landscape Management legal document. Sustainable Palm Oil Management has positive impacts on the economic needs of farmers, namely legal land status, productivity, and income, but does not contribute to the development of other commodities. The implementation of policies and programs is still sectoral with weak coordination between stakeholders. In general, Sustainable Palm Oil Management is potential to support Sustainable Landscape but requires further coordination and integration with the management of other commodities.
Handheld arduino-based near infrared spectrometer for non-destructive quality evaluation of siamese oranges
Authors: Sulistyo S B , Siswantoro  , Margiwiyatno A , Masrukhi  , Mustofa A , Sudarmaji A , Ediati R , Listanti R , Hidayat H H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quality evaluation, in particular chemical properties, of orange fruit commonly conducted by destructive method by extracting its juice. A near infrared spectrometer (NIRS) can be used to quantify orange chemical properties with non-destructive method. This research aimed to design a handheld NIRS using AS7263 sensor and Arduino programming to estimate the Siamesa orange quality in its acidity (pH), total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C. The AS7263 sensor has six NIR channels for different wavelengths, i.e. R (610 nm), S (680 nm), T (730 nm), U (760 nm), V (810 nm) and W (860 nm). For that, a performance test was carried out using 300 samples of orange. Result show that evaluation of orange quality in acidity and TSS has mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) < 10%, and the vitamin C shows > 10%. In addition, the estimation of orange chemical properties by backpropagation neural network (BPNN) yielded better results compared to simple regression and multiple regression methods.
Design of bed dryer for sweet corn seeds (Zea mays saccharata L.)
Authors: Karyadi J N W , Purnomo A , Masithoh R E , Ayuni D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the problems faced by corn farmers in Indonesia is the unavailability of corn dryers during rainy season. As the result, seed production decreased both in terms of quantity and quality. This study aims to design and introduce a bed seed dryer. Bed dryers are considered since it is simpler and cheaper. The dryer is designed for a capacity of 500 kg of corn, with corn cobs with a gasification combustion system as its fuel. This study also compared the effect of bed drying and sun drying (with two different floor materials; tarpaulin mat and concrete base) on dried-corn germination rate. The results showed that the designed dryer was able to reduce the moisture content from 22% (w.b.) to 14% (w.b) for 30 hours. The drying temperature is kept below 43°C and had no significant difference with the drying temperature of the sun drying. The germination rate of all samples has met the National standard for corn seed (SNI 01-03920-1995), which was 92%. The self-fabricated bed dryer has the potential to dry corn seed as good as using sun while retaining its quality.
The characteristic of different formula of low tannin sorghum instant porridge
Authors: Haliza W , Widowati S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sorghum has a potential to be developed as staple food, however the main obstacle is high tannin content which causing bitter taste. Low conttent of tannin in sorghum flour could be a solution for widening the customer acceptance. Such product produced using low tannin sorghum is instant porridge. Therefore this study aimed to find optimum formula of instant porridge using low tannin sorghum flour. This study using two factors of instant porridge formula, first ratio of low tannin sorghum flour : tapioca (100 : 0; 90 : 10; 80 : 20; 70 : 30; 60 : 40) and the ratio of water (1 : 7; 1 : 9; 1 : 11). Result shows that optimum instant sorghum formula was found in 80 : 20 sorghum : tapioca flour, with the addition of 1 : 11 water ratio. This porridge has desirability value 0.716, water content 4.93%, ash 0.49%, fat 5.92%, protein 8.37% and carbohydrate 85.2%. Moreover the average score of total acceptance is about 4 (like). The optimum formula also has high-quality digestibility and dietary fiber (77.97% and 9.07 %, respectively). According to this study, instant sorghum porridge could be used as alternatives of nutritious and healthy food.
In-vitro selection of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) putative mutant for drought stress
Authors: Hartati R S , Suhesti S , Wulandari S , Ardana I K , Yunita R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In-vitro selection through tissue culture followed by field testing is one of the breeding methods to improve sugarcane varieties with drought-tolerant. This research aimed to obtain putative mutant sugarcane physically mutated using gamma-ray irradiation that passed the in vitro drought selection using PEG-selecting agents. This study was conducted from March to December 2016 using embryogenic calli of PSJT 941, PS 862, and BL varieties. The experimental design was the factorial randomized complete design with two factors, i.e. irradiation dose (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 Gray) and PEG concentration (0, 10, 20%). The irradiated calli selected by PEG media had changed in color from yellowish-white to brownish and blackish and indicated the growth inhibition. The higher the dosage of irradiation and the concentration of PEG, the more calli with growth inhibition. Some putative callus mutants successfully passed in vitro selection using 10 and 20 % PEG, which showed tolerance to drought stress. The appropriate irradiation dose to produce tolerant mutants is 5 – 30 Grays for PS 862 and BL varieties, and 5-25 Grays for PSJT 941. To recognize the mutant response further, it is necessary for in-vivo selection at the greenhouse and in the field.
Control of bacterial leaf blight and rice blast with antagonist microbial in the agroecosystem of irrigated rice
Authors: Pustika A B , Yolanda K , Sudarmaji  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) and rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) cause yield losses in rice production. Antagonist microbial application through seed treatment and foliar spray during rice growing stage is suggested to prevent the disease which is more reliable to reduce the disease incidence than curing it. This research aimed to determine the severity of bacterial leaf blight and rice blast among varieties that treated with antagonist microbial complex in the agro ecosystem of irrigated rice. Research was conducted in Kalibawang sub district, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, October 2018 to January 2019. The experimental design was randomized block design with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were the application of antagonist microbial complex formula A (Azotobacter
vinelandii, Azospirillum sp., Bacillus cereus, Bradyzhizobium sp., and Methylobacterium sp. >107 CFU/g) and formula B (Azotobacter
chroococum, Azotobacter
vinelandii, Azospirillum sp., Pseudomonas
cepacia, Penicillium sp., and Acinetobacter sp. >107 CFU/g) to several rice varieties (Inpari 9, Inpari 33, and Ciherang). Results shows that formula B had the lowest severity of bacterial leaf blight (14.44%) and leaf blast (6.94%) at Ciherang while formula A had the lowest panicle blast (6.55%). The highest yield (10.62 t/ha) was obtained from Ciherang treated with formula B.
The elastic, strength and thermophysical characteristics modeling of mono- and polycrystalline aluminum Al
Authors: Kh Badamshin I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Temperature dependences of mechanical and thermophysical properties of the material are the initial data for estimating the stress-strain state of structural elements. However, when designing, the amount of this data is usually not enough. Under these conditions, the problem of modeling these properties arises. This problem is solved by taking into account the forces of interatomic interaction in the crystal structure on the example of a single crystal and polycrystal of aluminum. The results of calculating the elastic modulus, elastic limit and yield strength, Poisson’s ratio, coefficients of thermal conductivity, thermal expansion and material density are presented. A satisfactory convergence with the available reference data is obtained. The results obtained can be used as input data for the construction of compositions and alloys based on aluminum.
The validation system for reliability and survivability of unique mechanical systems
Authors: Berman A F , Nikolaichuk O A , Yu Yurin A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a concept of the validation system for the properties of reliability and survivability of unique mechanical systems, the failures of which can result in accidents. The system is based on the principles of self-organization and provides the opportunity to consider off-design impacts of any origin, errors in design and operation based on the use of appropriate rules formulated by experts. The principles of self-organization are implemented by a mechanism based on the rules that step-by-step formulate the necessary tasks, the required expert systems and computing units to solve them, as well as on the rules directly linking negative factors and neutralizing their properties.
Mathematical diagnostic model of brake master cylinder of hydraulic brake system of automobile
Authors: Borodin A L , Vasiliev V I , Maltseva G I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article considers a dynamic mathematical model of a new method of componentwise diagnosis of the brake master cylinder of a “tandem” type of the hydraulic brake system. We propose a variant of how simulated various faults affect the output parameters of brake process on the basis of mathematical modeling.
Mathematical analysis of the model of a low-melting metal coating on the surface of the guide
Authors: Mukutadze M A , Lagunova E O , Zadorozhnaya N S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The work presents the asymptotic solution of the system of differential equations in the form of series in powers of the parameter due to the melt of the surface of the guide covered with a low-melting metal alloy and the rate of dissipation of mechanical energy, taking into account the dependence of the viscosity of the lubricant on pressure. Subsequently, a self-similar solution was found, as a result of which the fields of velocities, pressure and the main operating characteristics, load capacity and friction force were determined when the working gap was not completely filled with lubricant.
Mathematical model of a micropolar lubricating stuff
Authors: Mukutadze M A , Mukutadze A M , Opatskikh A N , Novakovich M V , Poltinnikov V I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the mathematical analysis model of the radial bearing of infinite length, lubricated with lubricating stuff and molten low-melting metal coating on the surface of the bearing bush, having the general rheological properties in the laminar condition of micro-polar lubrication properties, taking into account the dependence of viscosity rheological properties of micro-polar lubricating stuff, and the permeability of the porous coating from the pressure. The authors on the basis of the motion equations of a viscous incompressible fluid having micro-polar properties, and for “lamina”, of the continuity equation, Darcy equation and determining from the expression for the dissipation rate of mechanical energy, the profile of molten contour of the bearing bush, while taking account of the dependence of the overall rheological properties of the lubricating stuff and melt the low-melting metal coating having the micro-polar properties and the permeability of the porous coating of the pressure found the asymptotic and exact self-similar solution of the differential equation system on the parameter, due to the melt and the dissipation rate of mechanical energy to zero (without melt) and first (including melt) approximation.
Mathematical modeling of the percussion mechanism with a single impact energy increase
Authors: Zedgenizov V G , Kokourov D V , Senotrusova T A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to develop a mathematical model of the percussion mechanism with a single impact energy increase and determine the influence of the spring stiffness and the ratio of inertial and projectile masses on the main parameters of the destruction process. The method of mathematical modeling of the destruction process was applied. A mathematical model of the percussion mechanism with a single impact energy increase and a diagram for its solution in Matlab-Simulink have been developed; dependences of the main parameters of the desctrution process on the spring stiffness and the ratio of inertial and projectile masses have been obtained. The mathematical model of the percussion mechanism makes it possible to increase the energy of a single impact by three-five times in comparison with a freely falling projectile. The reactive component is not transmitted to the base machine.
The main technical solutions for the creation of an automated control system for the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment
Authors: Gorovoy V O , Govorkov A S , Kondrat’ev V V , Kononenko R V , Pestova A M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main technical solutions for the creation of an automated control system for the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment were adopted for the creation of an integrated resource-saving technology and the organization of high-tech production of nanostructures based on carbon and silicon dioxide to improve the properties of building and structural materials using control digitalization techniques technological processes. The decisions were made taking into account the dependence of the process of obtaining a modifying additive containing nanostructures in the form of spherical silicon dioxide on a large number of interrelated variables, a variety of operating modes of the technological line, and instantaneous changes in parameters. Technical solutions have been developed for the structure, means and methods of communication for information exchange; interconnection with adjacent systems, ensuring its compatibility; modes of operation, diagnostics of system operation; number, qualifications and functions of personnel, modes of their work, the order of interaction. This includes also requirements for ensuring the given consumer characteristics of the system, which determine its quality; the composition of functions, complexes of tasks implemented by the system; a set of technical means, its placement at the facility. Besides, it concerns the composition of information, volume, methods of its organization, types of machine media, input and output documents and messages, information processing sequence and other components; the composition of software, languages of activity.
Modernization of technological equipment in the waste water purification process behind the coke oven using the organic Rankine cycle
Authors: Shishkov A N , Osintsev K V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors analyzed the state of the process scheme, which is a structural part of the water supply treatment facilities. The research results can be applied in oil and gas, chemical, metallurgical and energy industries. In particular, the authors for the first time propose an efficient scheme for the reuse of heat to obtain purified water. Currently, a way to reduce energy consumption by introducing a plant based on an organic Rankine cycle has been considered. The metallurgical production has such equipment as converters, coke ovens, scrubbers, gas ducts, cooling boilers, waste heat boilers. The heat recovery schemes developed by the authors increase the efficiency of the process equipment in the metallurgical industry. In the work of enterprises, low-potential heat of soil, water, air is increasingly used. One of the main directions of energy saving to increase the energy efficiency of the boiler house is to increase the heat utilization rate of the fuel at power plants. Boiler houses that run on gas lose at least 13-18% of heat with flue gases. In the article, the authors propose to combine the methods of heat utilization. Namely, a contact heat exchanger and an organic Rankine cycle are used. The water temperature is significantly reduced due to the fact that the collectors are designed to transport water. In this regard, experts consider it expedient to utilize the heat of wastewater not only at treatment plants, but also directly in the building itself. Prospects for the use of the authors’ developments are associated with their further implementation at industrial enterprises of the metallurgical industry.
Geotechnical monitoring of frozen soils: problems and possible solutions
Authors: Potapov A I , Shikhov A I , Dunaeva E N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A great part of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the zone of permafrost soils. Safe operation management of buildings and structures, in permafrost conditions, requires geotechnical monitoring of subgrade soils. The increase in air temperature recorded during numerous monitoring leads to the degradation of permafrost soils. Therefore, the problem of conducting geotechnical monitoring becomes more urgent than ever. This paper analyzes the existing methods and systems for geotechnical monitoring of permafrost soils. The authors reveal the drawbacks of the applied methods and the reasons that do not allow assessing the state of frozen soils with sufficient accuracy. In order to solve these problems, it is proposed to use an active acoustic method of non-destructive testing and create a system that combines an engineering-geological method determining the deformation properties of frozen soils and active acoustic method.
Geological and technological substantiation of waterflooding systems in deposits with hard-to-recover reserves
Authors: Mukhametshin V Sh , Tyncherov K T , Rakhimov N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study of the process of developing oil reserves in one of the fields with hard-to-recover reserves of the Tournaisian stage of the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin. A significant increase in the oil recovery factor was established when using in-circuit waterflooding as compared to the development of deposits in natural mode. The influence on the degree of reserves recovery is shown by the density of the grid of wells, geological heterogeneity, the sweep efficiency by injection by thickness, variations in the injectivity profile in injection wells. Models are proposed to assess the parameters of the efficiency of waterflooding systems.