bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment status and desire for work in severe mental illness: results from an observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Gühne Uta , Pabst Alexander , Löbner Margrit , Breilmann Johanna , Hasan Alkomiet , Falkai Peter , Kilian Reinhold , Allgöwer Andreas , Ajayi Klemens , Baumgärtner Jessica , Brieger Peter , Frasch Karel , Heres Stephan , Jäger Markus , Küthmann Andreas , Putzhammer Albert , Schneeweiß Bertram , Schwarz Michael , Becker Thomas , Kösters Markus , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
People with a severe mental illness (SMI) are at particular risk of occupational exclusion. Among the approaches to occupational rehabilitation, supported employment (SE) has been proven to be the most effective. A requirement to enter SE-programs is that individuals must want to seek competitive employment. The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between serious mental illness and the desire to work including potential predictors.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional observational study of patients with SMI aged 18–65 years (n = 397). Patients were interviewed by trained staff using standardised instruments. The relationship between potential predictors and a strong preference for employment were analysed using a hierarchic binary logistic regression model.

Results
Only about one-quarter (27.9%) of SMI patients is in competitive employment. Another quarter is unemployed (25.9%). Results show that the desire for competitive employment is strong among more than half of the SMI patients. Among the unemployed, two-thirds express a strong desire for work. These individuals are an ideal target group for SE interventions. Comorbid chronic physical illness, diagnosis, and the subjectively judged ability to work are associated with the desire for work.

Conclusion
Our data confirm a substantial exclusion of individuals with SMI from the workforce. In general, care needs for workplace interventions are not being met and leave much room for improvement. In addition to employment status, the desire for work should be routinely assessed.

Study registration
The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00015801) and under the WHO-Platform “International Clinical Trials Registry Platform” (ICTRP) (https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00015801) under the registration number DRKS00015801 before the start of recruitment (Registration date: 21.02.2019).
Intrapartum pudendal nerve block analgesia and risk of postpartum urinary retention: a cohort study
Authors: Waldum Åsa Henning , Staff Anne Catherine , Lukasse Mirjam , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Sørbye Ingvil Krarup , Jacobsen Anne Flem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisPudendal nerve block analgesia (PNB) is used as pain relief in the final stage of childbirth. We hypothesized that PNB is associated with higher rates of postpartum urinary retention.MethodsWe performed a cohort study among primiparous women with a singleton, cephalic vaginal birth at Oslo University Hospital, Norway. Women receiving PNB were included in the exposed group, while the subsequent woman giving birth without PNB was included in the unexposed group. We compared the likelihood of postpartum urinary retention, defined as catheterization within 3 h after birth. Logistic regression analysis stratified by mode of delivery was performed adjusting for epidural analgesia, episiotomy and birth unit.ResultsOf the 1007 included women, 499 were exposed to PNB and 508 were unexposed. In adjusted analyses, women exposed to PNB did not differ in likelihood of postpartum urinary retention compared to women unexposed to PNB in either spontaneous (odds ratio[OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–1.22) or instrumental (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.89–2.39) births. Furthermore, no differences between the groups were observed with excessive residual urine volume or catheterization after > 3 h.ConclusionsPNB was associated with neither risk of postpartum urinary retention nor excessive residual urine volume and is therefore unlikely to hamper future bladder function.
Free and bound MCPD and glycidyl esters in smoked and thermally treated fishery products of the German market
Authors: Ostermeyer Ute , Merkle Sybille , Karl Horst , Fritsche Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo provide a comprehensive overview of the amounts of unesterified and bound 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (MCPD) and glycidyl esters (G–E) in processed fishery products sold in Germany, an analysis of various frequently consumed products was conducted. In total, 258 commercial samples of breaded and pre-fried fishery products (e.g., frozen fish fingers), fried fish products (e.g., products in marinade), canned fish, smoked fish and some smoked spice preparations were examined. In addition, the effect of different kitchen preparation methods (e.g., baking, frying and roasting) on the MCPD and G–E amounts of fish fingers was studied. The mentioned process contaminants, MCPD and G-E, were quantifiable in the majority of the samples. Although pre-fried and fried fishery products predominantly contained MCPD esters (MCPD-E), mainly free MCPD was found in smoked fish. Compared with other types of smoke generation, hot smoked fish prepared in traditional Altona smoking kilns contained, on average, the highest 3-MCPD contents (range: 12–246 µg/kg). The amounts of bound MCPD in the fried fish products (range for 3-MCPD-E: < LOQ-808 µg/kg) were not significantly different from the amounts in the investigated pre-fried fish samples (range for 3-MCPD-E: < LOQ-792 µg/kg). However, they differ significantly from the amounts in unfried products (< LOQ). After preparation in the kitchen, the contents in the ready-to-eat fish fingers depend primarily on the initial contaminant amounts of the frozen product and/or the frying oil, respectively.
Blue–Green Infrastructure for Flood and Water Quality Management in Southeast Asia: Evidence and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Hamel Perrine , Tan Leanne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Southeast Asia, projections of rapid urban growth coupled with high water-related risks call for large investments in infrastructure—including in blue–green infrastructure (BGI) such as forests, parks, or vegetated engineered systems. However, most of the knowledge on BGI is produced in the global North, overlooking the diversity of urban contexts globally. Here, we review the literature on BGI for flood risk mitigation and water quality improvement in Southeast Asian cities to understand the scope of practical knowledge and identify research needs. We searched for evidence of local types of BGI in peer-reviewed and grey literature and assessed the performance of BGI based on hydrological, societal, and environmental metrics. The body of literature on BGI in Southeast Asia is small and dominated by wealthier countries but we found evidence of uptake among researchers and practitioners in most countries. Bioretention systems, constructed wetlands, and green cover received the most attention in research. Evidence from modelling and laboratory studies confirmed the potential for BGI to address flooding and water quality issues in the region. However, practical knowledge to mainstream the implementation of BGI remains limited, with insufficient primary hydrological data and information on societal and environmental impacts. In addition, the performance of BGI in combination with grey infrastructure, under climate change, or in informal settlements is poorly studied. Future research and practice should focus on producing and sharing empirical data, ultimately increasing the regional knowledge base to promote efficient BGI strategies.
Financial toxicity due to breast cancer treatment in low- and middle-income countries: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Ngan Tran Thu , Van Minh Hoang , Donnelly Michael , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study examined the financial toxicity faced by breast cancer (BC) patients in Vietnam and the factors associated with the risk and degree of that toxicity.

Methods
A total of 309 BC patients/survivors completed an online survey (n=209) or a face-to-face interview (n=100) at two tertiary hospitals. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used to identify and analyse the forms and degree of financial toxicity faced by BC patients/survivors. A Cragg hurdle model assessed variation in risk and the degree of financial toxicity due to treatment.

Results
41% of respondents faced financial toxicity due to BC treatment costs. The mean amount of money that exceeded BC patients/survivors’ ability to pay was 153 million Vietnamese Dong (VND) ($6602) and ranged from 2.42 million VND to 1358 million VND ($104–58,413). A diagnosis at stage II or III of BC was associated with 16.0 and 18.0 million VND (~$690–777) more in the degree of financial toxicity compared with patients who were diagnosed at stage 0/I, respectively. Being retired or married or having full (100%) health insurance was associated with a decrease in the degree of financial toxicity.

Conclusions
A significant proportion of Vietnamese BC patients/survivors face serious financial toxicity due to BC treatment costs. There is a need to consider the introduction of measures that would attenuate this hardship and promote uptake of screening for the reduction in financial toxicity as well as the health gains it may achieve through earlier detection of cancer.
Detection of COVID-19 from CT scan images: A spiking neural network-based approach
Authors: Garain Avishek , Basu Arpan , Giampaolo Fabio , Velasquez Juan D. , Sarkar Ram 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of a global pandemic called coronavirus has created unprecedented circumstances resulting into a large number of deaths and risk of community spreading throughout the world. Desperate times have called for desperate measures to detect the disease at an early stage via various medically proven methods like chest computed tomography (CT) scan, chest X-Ray, etc., in order to prevent the virus from spreading across the community. Developing deep learning models for analysing these kinds of radiological images is a well-known methodology in the domain of computer based medical image analysis. However, doing the same by mimicking the biological models and leveraging the newly developed neuromorphic computing chips might be more economical. These chips have been shown to be more powerful and are more efficient than conventional central and graphics processing units. Additionally, these chips facilitate the implementation of spiking neural networks (SNNs) in real-world scenarios. To this end, in this work, we have tried to simulate the SNNs using various deep learning libraries. We have applied them for the classification of chest CT scan images into COVID and non-COVID classes. Our approach has achieved very high F1 score of 0.99 for the potential-based model and outperforms many state-of-the-art models. The working code associated with our present work can be found here.
Modelling growth curves of the normal infant’s mandible: 3D measurements using computed tomography
Authors: Schipper Jan Aart M. , van Lieshout Manouk J. S. , Böhringer Stefan , Padwa Bonnie L. , Robben Simon G. F. , van Rijn Rick R. , Koudstaal Maarten J. , Lequin Maarten H. , Wolvius Eppo B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesData on normal mandibular development in the infant is lacking though essential to understand normal growth patterns and to discriminate abnormal growth. The aim of this study was to provide normal linear measurements of the mandible using computed tomography performed in infants from 0 to 2 years of age.Material and methods3D voxel software was used to calculate mandibular body length, mandibular ramus length, bicondylar width, bigonial width and the gonial angle. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was assessed for these measurements. They were found to be sufficient for all distances; intra-class correlation coefficients were all above 0.9. Regression analysis for growth modelling was performed.ResultsIn this multi-centre retrospective study, 109 CT scans were found eligible that were performed for various reasons (e.g. trauma, craniosynostosis, craniofacial abscesses). Craniosynostosis patients had larger mandibular measurements compared to non-craniosynostosis patients and were therefore excluded. Fifty-one CT scans were analysed.ConclusionsAnalysis showed that the mandible increases more in size vertically (the mandibular ramus) than horizontally (the mandibular body). Most of the mandibular growth occurs in the first 6 months.Clinical relevanceThese growth models provide insight into normal mandibular development in the first 2 years of life. This reference data facilitates discrimination between normal and abnormal mandibular growth.
Mechanics of nonbuckling interconnects with prestrain for stretchable electronics
Authors: Lu Zixuan , Quo Liang , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe performance of the flexibility and stretchability of flexible electronics depends on the mechanical structure design, for which a great progress has been made in past years. The use of prestrain in the substrate, causing the compression of the transferred interconnects, can provide high elastic stretchability. Recently, the nonbuckling interconnects have been designed, where thick bar replaces thin ribbon layout to yield scissor-like in-plane deformation instead of in- or out-of-plane buckling modes. The nonbuckling interconnect design achieves significantly enhanced stretchability. However, combined use of prestrain and nonbuckling interconnects has not been explored. This paper aims to study the mechanical behavior of nonbuckling interconnects bonded to the prestrained substrate analytically and numerically. It is found that larger prestrain, longer straight segment, and smaller arc radius yield smaller strain in the interconnects. On the other hand, larger prestrain can also cause larger strain in the interconnects after releasing the prestrain. Therefore, the optimization of the prestrain needs to be found to achieve favorable stretchability.
Mathematical Indispensability and Arguments from Design
Authors: Jonas Silvia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recognition of striking regularities in the physical world plays a major role in the justification of hypotheses and the development of new theories both in the natural sciences and in philosophy. However, while scientists consider only strictly natural hypotheses as explanations for such regularities, philosophers also explore meta-natural hypotheses. One example is mathematical realism, which proposes the existence of abstract mathematical entities as an explanation for the applicability of mathematics in the sciences. Another example is theism, which offers the existence of a supernatural being as an explanation for the design-like appearance of the physical cosmos. Although all meta-natural hypotheses defy empirical testing, there is a strong intuition that some of them are more warranted than others. The goal of this paper is to sharpen this intuition into a clear criterion for the (in)admissibility of meta-natural explanations for empirical facts. Drawing on recent debates about the indispensability of mathematics and teleological arguments for the existence of God, I argue that a meta-natural explanation is admissible just in case the explanation refers to an entity that, though not itself causally efficacious, guarantees the instantiation of a causally efficacious entity that is an actual cause of the regularity.
Cox2 community barcoding at Prince Edward Island reveals long-distance dispersal of a downy mildew species and potentially marine members of the Saprolegniaceae
Authors: Langer Julia A. F. , Sharma Rahul , Nam Bora , Hanic Louis , Boersma Maarten , Schwenk Klaus , Thines Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMarine oomycetes are highly diverse, globally distributed, and play key roles in marine food webs as decomposers, food source, and parasites. Despite their potential importance in global ocean ecosystems, marine oomycetes are comparatively little studied. Here, we tested if the primer pair cox2F_Hud and cox2-RC4, which is already well-established for phylogenetic investigations of terrestrial oomycetes, can also be used for high-throughput community barcoding. Community barcoding of a plankton sample from Brudenell River (Prince Edward Island, Canada), revealed six distinct oomycete OTU clusters. Two of these clusters corresponded to members of thePeronosporaceae—one could be assigned toPeronospora verna, an obligate biotrophic pathogen of the terrestrial plantVeronica serpyllifoliaand related species, the other was closely related toGlobisporangium rostratum. While the detection of the former in the sample is likely due to long-distance dispersal from the island, the latter might be a bona fide marine species, as several cultivable species of thePeronosporaceaeare known to withstand high salt concentrations. Two OTU lineages could be assigned to theSaprolegniaceae. While these might represent marine species of the otherwise terrestrial genus, it is also conceivable that they were introduced on detritus from the island. Two additional OTU clusters were grouped with the early-diverging oomycete lineages but could not be assigned to a specific family. This reflects the current underrepresentation ofcox2 sequence data which will hopefully improve with the increasing interest in marine oomycetes.
Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic
Authors: Liu William J. , Xiao Haixia , Dai Lianpan , Liu Di , Chen Jianjun , Qi Xiaopeng , Bi Yuhai , Shi Yi , Gao George F. , Liu Yingxia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is a zoonotic virus that is closely associated with live poultry markets. It has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the H7N9 influenza epidemic occurred in China between March 2013 and September 2017. H7N9 with low-pathogenicity dominated in the first four waves, whereas highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza emerged in poultry and spread to humans during the fifth wave, causing wide concern. Specialists and officials from China and other countries responded quickly, controlled the epidemic well thus far, and characterized the virus by using new technologies and surveillance tools that were made possible by their preparedness efforts. Here, we review the characteristics of the H7N9 viruses that were identified while controlling the spread of the disease. It was summarized and discussed from the perspectives of molecular epidemiology, clinical features, virulence and pathogenesis, receptor binding, T-cell responses, monoclonal antibody development, vaccine development, and disease burden. These data provide tools for minimizing the future threat of H7N9 and other emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
Don’t burn our flag: patriotism, perceived threat, and the impact of desecrating a national symbol on intergroup attitudes
Authors: Marinthe Gaëlle , Testé Benoit , Kamiejski Rodolphe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDesecration of national symbols is a recurring societal phenomenon that can lead to highly defensive reactions from some citizens, especially on the part of those expressing a strong attachment to the nation. In this paper, we investigated the effects of blind and constructive patriotism when faced with an ingroup (vs. outgroup) national flag burning on ingroup bias, taking into consideration the mediating role of perceived threat. In two studies (N = 252), the level of blind patriotism predicted stronger ingroup bias—due to more negative evaluation of visible minorities and/or more positive evaluation of the ingroup—when another ingroup member burnt an ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag. This effect was partly mediated by a greater threat to the group’s image perceived by blindly patriotic people when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt (Study 2). Study 2 also highlighted a main effect of the symbol: ingroup bias was stronger when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the role played by modes of national attachment and the consequences of desecrating symbols.
Neues vom Grand Hotel Abgrund. Der Paradigmenwechsel vom Kosmopolitismus zur Kosmo-Politik
Authors: Leggewie Claus 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie altehrwürdige, stets bestrittene und leicht angegraut wirkende Tradition des Weltbürgertums (Kosmopolitismus) steht (I) vor drei neuen Herausforderungen: (a) postkolonial, insofern die westlichen Ursprünge universaler Ideen auf der Hand liegen und daraus eventuell Verengungen und Einseitigkeiten folgen, (b) als Eliten-Projekt, das die breite Bevölkerung nie erreicht hat bzw. diese ignoriert, gepaart (c) mit Einwänden von kommunitaristischer Seite, wonach alle Vorstellungen von Zugehörigkeit, Solidarität und Hospitalität in lokalen Gemeinschaften geerdet sein müssen. Die Idee des Kosmopolitismus kann sich diesen Herausforderungen stellen, wenn sie (II) stärker implementiert und operationalisiert wird: Dazu tragen Ansätze eines „globalen Konstitutionalismus“ bei, der über den Nationalstaat als überkommener Stütze von Regierung und kollektiver Identität hinausreicht und Problemlagen angeht, die diesen Souveränitäts- und Identitätsrahmen gesprengt haben. Im Zeitalter des Anthropozän (III) ist eine Erweiterung des Kosmopolitismus angebracht, nämlich die überfällige Einbeziehung der belebten und unbelebten Natur als einem virtuellen Mit-Akteur internationaler Beziehungen. Diese konzeptionelle und operative Revision kosmopolitischer Ideen mündet in eine übergreifend planetare „Kosmo-Politik“.
How often and to what extent do admitted COVID-19 patients have signs of cardiac injury?
Authors: Habets M. A. W. , Sturkenboom H. N. , Tio R. A. , Belfroid E. , Hoogervorst-Schilp J. , Siebelink H. J. , Jansen C. W. , Smits P. C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 can cause myocardial injury in a significant proportion of patients admitted to the hospital and seems to be associated with worse prognosis. The aim of this review was to study how often and to what extent COVID-19 causes myocardial injury and whether this is an important contributor to outcome with implications for management.

Methods
A literature search was performed in Medline and Embase. Myocardial injury was defined as elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) levels with at least one value > 99th percentile of the upper reference limit. The primary outcome measure was mortality, whereas secondary outcome measures were intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of hospital stay.

Results
Four studies and one review were included. The presence of myocardial injury varied between 9.6 and 46.3%. Myocardial injury was associated with a higher mortality rate (risk ratio (RR) 5.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.48–8.80) and more ICU admissions (RR 3.78, 95% CI 2.07–6.89). The results regarding length of hospital stay were inconclusive.

Conclusion
Patients with myocardial injury might be classified as high-risk patients, with probably a higher mortality rate and a larger need for ICU admission. cTn levels can be used in risk stratification models and can indicate which patients potentially benefit from early medication administration. We recommend measuring cTn levels in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital or who deteriorate during admission.