bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Asymmetric Vesicles with Trapped CsCl Avoids Osmotic Imbalance, Non-Physiological External Solutions, and Minimizes Leakage
Authors: Li Ming-Hao , Raleigh Daniel P. , London Erwin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe natural asymmetry of cellular membranes influences their properties. In recent years, methodologies for preparing asymmetric vesicles have been developed that rely on the methyl-α-cyclodextrin catalyzed exchange of lipids between donor lipid multilamellar vesicles and acceptor lipid unilamellar vesicles, and the subsequent separation of the, now asymmetric, acceptor vesicles from the donors. Isolation is accomplished by pre-loading acceptor vesicles with a high concentration of sucrose, typically 25% (w/w), and separating from donor and cyclodextrin by sucrose gradient centrifugation. We found that when the asymmetric vesicles were dispersed under hypotonic conditions using physiological salt solutions, there was enhanced leakage of an entrapped probe, 6-carboxyfluorescein. Studies with symmetric vesicles showed this was due to osmotic pressure and was specific to hypotonic solutions. Inclusion of cholesterol partly reduced leakage but did not completely eliminate it. To avoid having to use hypotonic conditions or to suspend vesicles at non-physiological solute concentrations to minimize leakage, a method for preparing asymmetric vesicles using acceptor vesicle-entrapped CsCl at a physiological salt concentration (100 mM) was developed. Asymmetric vesicles prepared with the entrapped CsCl protocol were highly resistant to 6-carboxyfluorescein.
Context-dependent effects of whole-genome duplication during mammary tumor recurrence
Authors: Newcomb Rachel , Dean Emily , Alvarez James V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhole-genome duplication (WGD) generates polyploid cells possessing more than two copies of the genome and is among the most common genetic abnormalities in cancer. The frequency of WGD increases in advanced and metastatic tumors, and WGD is associated with poor prognosis in diverse tumor types, suggesting a functional role for polyploidy in tumor progression. Experimental evidence suggests that polyploidy has both tumor-promoting and suppressing effects, but how polyploidy regulates tumor progression remains unclear. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of Her2-driven breast cancer, we explored the prevalence and consequences of whole-genome duplication during tumor growth and recurrence. While primary tumors in this model are invariably diploid, nearly 40% of recurrent tumors undergo WGD. WGD in recurrent tumors was associated with increased chromosomal instability, decreased proliferation and increased survival in stress conditions. The effects of WGD on tumor growth were dependent on tumor stage. Surprisingly, in recurrent tumor cells WGD slowed tumor formation, growth rate and opposed the process of recurrence, while WGD promoted the growth of primary tumors. These findings highlight the importance of identifying conditions that promote the growth of polyploid tumors, including the cooperating genetic mutations that allow cells to overcome the barriers to WGD tumor cell growth and proliferation.
Circadian Control of Heparan Sulfate Levels Times Phagocytosis of Amyloid Beta Aggregates
Authors: Clark Gretchen T. , Yu Yanlei , Urban Cooper A. , Fu Guo , Wang Chunyu , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Hurley Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized partly by the inability to clear, and subsequent build-up, of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Aβ clearance is regulated by several pathways and has a circadian component. However, the mechanism underlying the circadian clearance of Aβ has not been defined. Myeloid-based phagocytosis, a key mechanism in the metabolism of Aβ, is circadianly-regulated, presenting a potential mechanism for the circadian clearance of Aβ. In this work, we revealed that the phagocytosis of Aβ42 undergoes a daily oscillation that is dependent on the circadian clock. We found the circadian timing of global heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis was the molecular timer for the clock-controlled phagocytosis of Aβ and that both HSPG binding and Aβ42 aggregation were essential for this oscillation. These data highlight that circadian regulation in immune cells may play a role in the intricate relationship between the circadian clock and AD.Graphical Abstract
Increased propensity for violence among female jail detainees with PTSD, panic disorder and alcohol use disorder
Authors: Taylor Stephanie L. , Barrett Alexa J. , Kopak Albert M. , Hoffmann Norman G. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The female jail population is steadily growing in rural jails across the country. Detainees have high rates of mental health and substance use disorders, some of which are linked to violent offenses. These conditions include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aims to examine the associations between these disorders among females charged with violent offenses.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of 167 female detainees from local rural jails in the USA. To assess participants’ behavioral health, the Comprehensive Addictions and Psychological Evaluation – 5 (CAAPE-5) was administered. The associations between PTSD, PD, AUD and violent offenses were investigated using bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression.

Findings
Over half of the female detainees in the sample met criteria individually for PTSD, PD or AUD, substantiating previous work on prevalence rate. Of the sample, only 10% were charged with violent offenses, from which the predominant condition reported was PTSD. Among detainees arrested for violent offenses, 69% also met criteria for PTSD, 56% for AUD and 44% for PD. Multivariate results indicate AUD was the only significant predictor for violent offenses.

Research limitations/implications
Female detainees experience trauma and mental health conditions at high rates. Research-informed mental health care may result in increased treatment efficacy. Provided the links between PTSD, PD and AUD, special considerations for this population should address interpersonal factors in treatment that may relate to violent offenses.

Originality/value
Little research exists examining female jail detainees and the implications of AUD, PTSD and PD on violent offending. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between AUD, PTSD and PD in female jail detainees with violent offenses.
Stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of power-law MHD fluid over a stretching surface with convective heat transferboundary condition
Authors: Xie Bo , Wang Yuan-Ming 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the stagnation-point flow and heat transfer for power-law fluid pass through a stretching surface with heat generation effect. Unlike the previous considerations about the research on stagnation-point flow, the process of heat transfer and the convective heat transfer boundary condition use the modified Fourier’s law in which the heat flux is power-law-dependent on velocity gradient.Design/methodology/approachThe similarly transformation is used to convert the governing partial differential equations into a series of ordinary differential equations which are solved analytically by using the differential transform method and the base function method.FindingsThe variations of the velocity and temperature fields for different specific related parameters are graphically discussed and analyzed. There is a special phenomenon that all the velocity profiles converge from the initial value of velocity to stagnation parameter values. And the larger power-law index enhancesthe momentum diffusion. A significant phenomenon can be observed that the larger power-law index causes a decline in the heat flux. This influence indicates that the higher viscosity restricts the heat transfer. Furthermore, both velocity gradient and temperature gradient play an indispensable role in the processes of heat transfer.Originality/valueThis paper researches the process of heat transfer of stagnation-point flow ofpower-law magneto-hydro-dynamical fluid over a stretching surface with modified convective heat transfer boundary condition.
Occupational therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities and sensory processing challenges: a Delphi study exploring practice within acute assessment and treatment units
Authors: Justice Helen , Haines David , Wright Jon 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Lack of research means guidance regarding the most effective sensory interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities is limited. Preliminary consensus evidence was created by gathering experienced occupational therapists’ views on practice. The purpose of this study was to establish important elements of practice when using sensory integration-informed approaches on assessment and treatment units.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified Delphi process was used to gather, explore and synthesise the views of 13 occupational therapists. Data was collected via online surveys and included quantitative importance ratings and qualitative comments.

Findings
An experienced panel was in strong agreement regarding many elements of practice they felt were important for use in this setting, and a list of important practice items was created. Two themes were identified: “Complexity” and “Pragmatism vs. Ideal World.” The themes highlight challenges to practice in this area and the complex clinical reasoning used to overcome these.

Research limitations/implications
Participants disagreed about the level of importance of a substantial number of items, therefore items that did not reach consensus may still be important.

Practical implications
This study indicates potentially helpful clinical tools, facilities and training and identifies support needed for occupational therapists working in these settings.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding how occupational therapists do and could work with people with intellectual disabilities and sensory integration difficulties. Although this study takes a UK and Ireland perspective, similar agendas regarding care and support for those with intellectual disabilities internationally mean findings are relevant more widely.
Do social capital and networks facilitate community participation?
Authors: Singh Mudit Kumar , Moody James 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find theoretical and practical linkages between social capital, network and community participation. The study examines the role of popular social capital and its forms in shaping community participation under the influence of socioeconomic status of individuals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses household survey data (N = 135) from select north Indian villages to assess the role of social capital and individuals’ networks (measured through their network size) in participation. The participation is measured in terms of attendance and vocal participation.FindingsThe study finds significant evidence that the networks do not play a uniform role in collective participation. The elitist form of social capital exists in the community which can leverage the networks to their benefit, whereas many people, despite large network size, cannot actively participate. Social capital and networks are not entirely conducive for collective participation and favours a few in the community. Additionally, networks do facilitate information flow but do not help in achieving active engagement. Hence, the peer effect is not truly reflected in vocal participation all the time, especially in local governance context.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusion of the study is based on small sample size from seven villages. Nonetheless, in light of the supporting literature available, it provides useful insights and triggers important questions that need microscopic analysis under the macroscopic umbrella of social capital.Practical implicationsOn policy fronts, takeaway from this paper can be used for policy and law formulation for lower strata of the society such as labour law formulation and labour behavioural practices in community participation.Social implicationsThe research findings can be utilized for the emerging applications of social networks in understanding local governance and community engagement in developing societies.Originality/valueThis research has used a novel field experiment conducted by one of the authors himself. The empirical assessment of social capital and networks in local governance can be replicated elsewhere to study participation in other societies as well. In terms of policy, the research underscores the need of using social capital notion while assessing the community engagement in local governance.
Simultaneous friction and wear reduction of Ni-P/PTFE composites under dry sliding condition
Authors: Li Fei , Yang Yulin , Song Laizhou , Liang Lifen 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the tribology behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) incorporated with three types of nickel–phosphorus (Ni-P) particles (i.e. low phosphorus [LP], medium phosphorus [MP] and high phosphorus [HP]) under dry sliding condition.

Design/methodology/approach
Ni-HP, Ni-MP and Ni-LP particles fabricated via an electroless plating process were incorporated into PTFE matrix with different additions to prepare Ni-P/PTFE composites (Ni-LP/PTFE, Ni-MP/PTFE and Ni-HP/PTFE). The tribology tests for these samples were carried out on a reciprocating ball-on-disc tribometer. The thermal stabilities, mechanical and tribological properties, morphologies and components of aforesaid Ni-P/PTFE composites were analyzed.

Findings
The marvelous effect of Ni-P incorporation on the simultaneous reduction in friction and wear of PTFE was corroborated.

Originality/value
Compared with that of pristine PTFE sample, the reduction on friction with a value of 27% and the reduction in wear about 94% for Ni-HP/PTFE composite is validated, which is probably related to the increased crystallinity and hardness due to the presence of Ni-P particles.
Performance determinants of European private equity real estate funds
Authors: Morri Giacomo , Perini Ugo , Anconetani Rachele 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The paper aims to investigate the performance determinants of European non-listed private equity real estate funds between 2001 and 2014.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 363 funds collected from the Inrev database, the analysis evaluated the impact of fees and other intrinsic characteristics of these funds, such as leverage, size and duration, on the funds’ performance, intending to enhance the understanding underlying their relationship.

Findings
The findings show a negative relationship between the return of the funds and redemption fee, performance fee and management fee. Conversely, marketing fees have a positive effect on performance. When analyzing the investment style, the results reveal inhomogeneous behaviors of leverage on funds’ performance. This variable has a positive impact on the return in core funds, while there is a negative relationship in value-added investments. Finally, the emphasis on the global financial crisis shows that the effects of the independent variables on the performance do not significantly change in different economic cycles.

Practical implications
The practical implication of the research is to understand whether an investor can direct its resources in a fund, leveraging on certain intrinsic characteristics that can be observed a priori.

Originality/value
Even if there is a considerable body of literature on determinants of performance in European non-listed real estate funds, little research has analyzed the role of fees in driving their results. Besides, this paper takes advantage of observations from different investment styles to emphasize the impact of higher or lower risk profiles and from the full economic cycle to understand the effects of the crisis period.
The role of mergers and acquisitions in mitigating the effects of corporate fraud in the pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Lokanan Mark Eshwar , Fernandes Shenon Augustine 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
In today’s highly comparative pharmaceutical sector, multiple humanitarian and pricing issues are prevalent within the industry. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are perceived to be an essential method for organizational consolidation and value generation. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate via descriptive methodology and t-tests, how a merger can mitigate the effects of fraud in the pharmaceutical sector.

Design/methodology/approach
The research focuses on secondary data. This research paper explores the differences in these organizations’ financial metrics using the t-test regression analysis, both pre and post-merger. Secondary data have been used to compile separate financial ratios for five years before and five years after the scandal.

Findings
The results indicate a positive outlook for both organizations after the merger. Mergers appear to have a favorable impact on the performance of a company, with the only exception of external variables (laws, controversies, fines, etc.) affecting its post-merger performance.

Originality/value
The paper uses secondary data to test the impact that mergers have on pharmaceutical companies after they have been implicated in corporate malfeasance.
Hedonism and luxury fashion consumption among Black African women in the UK: an empirical study
Authors: Emmanuel-Stephen Christiana Mbang , Gbadamosi Ayantunji 
Published: May 2021

PurposeAlthough consumption is a universal phenomenon, it is characterised with considerable degree of diversity in relation to various factors such as culture, age, gender, ethnicity and many others. Accordingly, more often than not, these factors underpin consumers' reactions to different market offerings including luxury products. While a plethora of scholarship efforts are evident in the extant literature in regards to luxury consumption, there is dearth of studies around how this is linked hedonism and ethnic consumers. Hence, this paper aims to fill a palpable gap in the literature by exploring the UK Black African women's taste for luxury fashion consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe study is interpretive in nature with the use of 20 in-depth interviews conducted with Black African women through the use of snowballing and purposive sampling methods.FindingsThe study shows that the respondents' motivation for luxury consumption is driven by success and evolutionary motives, belongingness, societal pressures, cultural connection, anthropomorphism, consumer brand relationship and hedonism.Originality/valueApart from the theoretical implication of the study, which revolves around extending the discourse of taste in consumption and ethnic consumer behaviour, the paper will be greatly beneficial for marketing practitioners, especially in the area of segmentation, targeting and positioning vis-à-vis the marketing of luxury products.
Applying knowledge management to planning joint-use facilities: the ImaginOn library and theater
Authors: Swain Deborah E. , Roughen Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to describe how knowledge management (KM) in planning can support the sustainability of innovation in a hybrid, joint-use facility. The case study research studies ImaginOn, a 15 year-old children’s library and theater for young people in Charlotte, NC.

Design/methodology/approach
This research used KM model analysis of qualitative data about tacit-explicit knowledge, intellectual capital (IC) and cognitive modes of collaboration. Both historic documents and primary data (from field study observations, interviews and a questionnaire) were analyzed for informal KM practices. Semi-structured and unstructured interview questions about innovation were used.

Findings
This study found evidence of tacit knowledge sharing, the growth of IC and the operationalization of collaboration to promote innovation. Although traditional KM terms were not used by staff, an integrated model framework demonstrates how KM practices promote innovation in planning joint-use facilities.

Practical implications
Although a study of a diverse cultural collaboration rather than two libraries, the KM practices that supported innovation and collaboration in this hybrid, joint-use facility might be applied to libraries. Future KM model research on joint-use organizations could investigate merged businesses, government programs and non-profits.

Social implications
The library and theater institutions in ImaginOn impact the lives of children and parents in meaningful ways that support community understanding, art, diversity and social interaction.

Originality/value
Research on joint-use libraries began in the 1960s. This case study provides unique model analysis of KM practices in a hybrid, joint-use facility (a library and theater). The innovative success and sustainability of ImaginOn illustrates the application of KM for strategic planning and aligning IC and business assets.
Supporting strategic decision-making on the future campus with space utilisation studies: a case study
Authors: Valks Bart , Blokland Elizabeth , Elissen Catelijne , van Loon Iris , Roozemond Danko , Uiterdijk Paul , Arkesteijn Monique , Koutamanis Alexander , Den Heijer Alexandra 
Published: May 2021

PurposeAcross the world, many universities are dealing with a pressure on resources, caused by both organisational developments and ageing campuses. Space utilization studies have a strategic role, providing information on how space is being used, thereby informing decisions about the type and scale of facilities that are needed.Design/methodology/approachThis study reports on the space use measurements conducted at TU Delft over the past five years, complemented by their use to make decisions about the university's real estate portfolio.FindingsThe education spaces of the university are found to perform well in terms of frequency rates and can be improved in terms of occupancy rates. The information helped to support short- and long-term decision-making. The study places of the university have a satisfactory occupancy in some types of study places, while in others there is room for improvement. More research is needed here to understand the relationship between space norms and space use.Practical implicationsThe space utilization studies have supported discussions with the student council and decision makers on which interventions are required and which current facilities meet students' needs best.Originality/valueNot much space utilisation studies are reported in the academic literature, and those that do have several limitations. This study may serve as a best practice for benchmarking by other universities and as evidence in other research for the planned and actual use of university facilities.