bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the reactions of adolescents to family violence
Authors: Izaguirre Ainhoa , Källström Åsa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntimate partner violence is a pervasive problem and many children and adolescents live under such circumstances. The aim of this research is to qualitatively explore variations among adolescents' reactions to violence occurring at their homes by trying to identify specific patterns in how these adolescents reacted to the violence and how this is related to the length of time they have been exposed to the violence. Fifty‐eight adolescents (26 boys and 32 girls, 13–18 years of age) recruited in their schools completed a self‐report questionnaire including qualitative open questions regarding the beginning of the violence and their reactions to it. Adolescents often described having reacted to the violence by attempting to distance themselves from it, or by interfering to protect their mother. Only the adolescents who began witnessing family violence at a specific point in time, when something significant happened in their families or because of changes in society, expressed not wanting to think about it or described being impeded from interfering or protecting their mothers because they felt distressed. Among the adolescents who had experienced family violence for their entire life, they often described that they did nothing to prevent the violence or they avoided thinking about it.
Novel mutations in ZP1: Expanding the mutational spectrum associated with empty follicle syndrome in infertile women
Authors: Wu Ling , Li Menghui , Yin Mingru , Ou Yangjie , Yan Zhiguang , Kuang Yanping , Yan Zheng , Li Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmpty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a serious and complex reproductive complication for infertile women suffering from the recurrent failure of oocyte retrieval in an in vitro fertilization procedure, and its pathogenesis remains obscure. Increasing evidence highlights the genetic basis of EFS occurrence. In this study, we identified two novel missense mutations (c.1127G > A, p.C376Y and c.325C > T, p.R109C), two novel frameshift mutations (c.800_801delAG, p.E267Gfs*80 and c.1815_1825delGGTCCTTTTGC, p.V606Afs*42), one novel nonsense mutation (c.199G > T, p.E67Ter), and three reported mutations (c.769C > T, p.Q257Ter; c.1430 + 1G > T, p.C478Ter and c.1169_1176delTTTTCCCA, p.I390Tfs*16) in five unrelated probands, showing similar EFS manifestations, which expands the mutational spectrum of individuals with autosomal recessive ZP1. Current research will provide a better understanding of the biological functions of ZP1, and some insight into the determination of ZP1 variation as an additional rule for assessing the EFS disease.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of implant‐supported single‐unit crowns with cantilever extension in posterior areas: A retrospective study with a follow‐up of at least 10 years
Authors: Schmid Eric , Roccuzzo Andrea , Morandini Michele , Ramseier Christoph A. , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundImplant‐supported restorations with cantilever extension may display high rates of biological and technical complications.PurposeTo report the outcomes of single‐unit crowns with cantilever extension (SCCs).Materials and methodsPatients with SCCs were reevaluated after ≥10 years of loading. Radiographic marginal bone levels (mBLs) at baseline (ie, delivery of SCCs) and follow‐up were calculated and compared between implant surfaces adjacent to and distant from the cantilever extension. Implant survival and success rates were calculated.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with 25 SCs supported by 25 implants were reevaluated after a mean of 13.6 ± 3.8 years (range: 10–19 years). No implants were lost. The mean overall mBLs changed from 0.99 mm ± 0.95 at baseline to 0.95 mm ± 0.99 at follow‐up (p = 0.853). The mean pocket probing depths changed from 3.39 mm ± 0.62 at baseline to 3.34 mm ± 0.54 at follow‐up (p = 0.635). Loss of retention occurred 3× in 2 patients (14.3%). At follow‐up, peri‐implant health was diagnosed in 10 (48%) and peri‐implant mucositis in 11 (52%) patients, respectively.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the present study, the use of implant‐supported SCs with cantilever extension in posterior areas represents a reliable long‐term treatment option with a 100% implant survival rate and minimal marginal bone level changes.
Immediate implant in the posterior region combined with alveolar ridge preservation and sealing socket abutment: A retrospective 3D radiographic analysis
Authors: Alexopoulou Marianzela , Lambert France , Knafo Bryan , Popelut Antoine , Vandenberghe Bart , Finelle Gary 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCustomized sealing socket abutment (SSA) has been claimed to optimize the peri‐implant hard and soft tissues in type 1 implant placement. However, the evidence to claim the benefits of this technique over the use a conventional healing abutment remains weak.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective study was to provide a 3D‐radiographic evaluation of hard tissues changes following immediate implant placement in molar sites combined to ARP technique and installation of SSA.Materials and MethodsBaseline and follow‐up (FU) CBCTs (from 1 to 5 years) of 26 patients were collected and included in the study. Baseline and FU CBCTs were superimposed and horizontal and vertical bone changes were assessed.ResultsA total of 26 patients and 27 implants were included. Horizontal bone remodeling was not significant in any of the measured areas except in the most cervical level, where a mean bone remodeling of 0.73 mm was found. Proximal and buccal vertical bone changes were not significant.ConclusionsWithin the limits of a retrospective study, dimensional alveolar ridge changes 1 to 5 years after immediate implant placement in molar sites with simultaneous ARP technique and installation of SSA seem to be very limited.
Pathological changes in neurovascular units: Lessons from cases of vascular dementia
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Yan , Yan Xiu‐Li , Guo Zhen‐Ni , Yang Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVascular dementia (VD) is the second leading cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to different degrees is one of the main causes of VD. Neurovascular unit (NVU) is a vessel‐centered concept, emphasizing all the cellular components play an integrated role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of the brain. More and more evidence shows that reduced CBF causes a series of changes in NVU, such as impaired neuronal function, abnormal activation of glial cells, and changes in vascular permeability, all of which collectively play a role in the pathogenesis of VD. In this paper, we review NVU changes as CBF decreases, focusing on each cellular component of NVU. We also highlight remote ischemic preconditioning as a promising approach for VD prevention and treatment from the NVU perspective of view.
National level use of International Union for Conservation of Nature knowledge products in American National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans and National Reports to the Convention on Biological Diversity
Authors: McCay Shelby D. , Lacher Thomas E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) currently serves as the multilateral environmental framework for protecting biodiversity. Parties to the CBD are required to develop and submit National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) and National Reports. These documents serve as the instruments used by governments and stakeholders to identify their priorities, implement, and track progress to the CBD. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has produced biodiversity and conservation knowledge products that are fundamental for tracking the progress of targets such as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. We examined if countries in the Americas are using knowledge products based on IUCN standards to help construct their documents; 234 documents were analyzed for knowledge product keywords. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was mentioned in 91.8% of keyword‐coded segments. IUCN publications, Protected Areas Categories, Key Biodiversity Areas, the Red List of Ecosystems and World Database on Protected Areas had 8.2% of the remaining segments. Further studies should investigate awareness of knowledge products among national focal points for the CBD to determine their limited use in document development. IUCN knowledge products should continue to form an integral part of future indicators during this critical moment for biodiversity conservation.
Changes in prey fields increase the potential for spatial overlap between gentoo penguins and a krill fishery within a marine protected area
Authors: Ratcliffe Norman , Deagle Bruce , Love Kieran , Polanowski Andrea , Fielding Sophie , Wood Andrew G. , Hill Simeon , Grant Susie , Belchier Mark , Fleming Andrew , Hall Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAIMManagement of competition with predators is an important consideration for fisheries, particularly within marine protected areas (MPAs) where conservation is a primary objective. We aimed to test whether static no‐take zones within a large, sustainable‐use MPA prevented overlap between gentoo penguins and a krill fishery during two winters with contrasting prey fields.LOCATIONSouth Georgia, Southwest Atlantic Ocean.METHODWe used satellite tracking (N = 16, June–September 2018) to describe gentoo penguin movements and distribution and quantified their overlap with the MPA’s no‐take zone (NTZ) and the krill fishing grounds. DNA metabarcoding of scats (N = 220, April–September 2018) was used to quantify diet.RESULTSWhen krill were at moderate densities and evenly distributed in 2001, gentoo penguins would have spent all of their time within the 12 NM NTZ, but when availability was low in 2018, they spent 46.3% of their time outside the NTZ and 9.6% within the krill fishing grounds. The extension of the NTZ to 30 km in response to this finding would have produced a 14.9% increase in protection for penguins and displaced 4% of fishery hauls. Gentoo penguin diet comprised 25.8% krill, which is lower than in the late 1980s but more than in 2009.MAIN CONCLUSIONSGentoo penguins extend their foraging range when krill is scarce, which increases the potential for spatial overlap with the krill fishery during periods of nutritional stress. Current regulations allow for expansion of both extent and catches by the krill fishery and, should this occur, gentoo penguins may face heightened risks from competition. A dynamic ocean management framework, that extends closed areas in response to near real‐time data on penguin movements and krill density estimates, may reduce the potential for competition in this sustainable‐use MPA while allowing a profitable krill fishery.
Barriers and facilitators to community participation for preschool age children born very preterm: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Cameron Kate L , FitzGerald Tara L , Albesher Reem A , McGinley Jennifer L , Allison Kim , Lee Katherine J , Cheong Jeanie L Y , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: January 2021

AimWe compared preschool age children born very preterm with term‐born controls to: (1) understand the association between very preterm birth and community participation, (2) determine if motor impairment or social risk affect participation differently between groups, and (3) understand environmental barriers and supports to participation for parents.MethodForty‐eight children born very preterm (<30wks’ gestation; 22 males, 26 females) and 96 controls (47 males, 49 females) were assessed at 4 to 5 years’ corrected age for community participation using the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure. Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition and the Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire.ResultsChildren born very preterm participated less frequently than term‐born children (difference in means=–0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.54 to –0.03, p=0.029). Social risk was associated with lower frequency (interaction p<0.001) and involvement (interaction p=0.05) in community activities for children in the very preterm group only. Parents of children born very preterm perceived more barriers (odds ratio=4.32, 95% CI 1.46–12.77, p=0.008) and environmental factors to be less supportive of participation than parents of controls (difference in medians=–6.21, 95% CI –11.42 to –1.00, p=0.02).InterpretationChildren born very preterm may benefit from ongoing support to promote participation, especially in families of higher social risk.What this paper adds

Children born preterm attend community activities less often than term‐born children.

When attending community activities, involvement was similar between preschool age children born preterm and at term.

Social risk negatively impacted participation for children born preterm, but not at term.

Motor impairment did not appear to influence participation frequency or involvement.

Parents of children born preterm perceived more barriers to participation than parents of term‐born children.
A comparison of the acceptability and psychometric properties of scales assessing the impact of type 1 diabetes on quality of life—Results of ‘YourSAY: Quality of Life’
Authors: Holmes‐Truscott Elizabeth , Cooke Debbie D. , Hendrieckx Christel , Coates Elizabeth J. , Heller Simon R. , Speight Jane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the acceptability, reliability and validity of five contemporary diabetes‐specific quality of life (QoL) scales among adults with type 1 diabetes in the United Kingdom and Australia.MethodsAdults with type 1 diabetes (UK = 1139, Australia = 439) completed a cross‐sectional, online survey including ADDQoL‐19, DCP, DIDP, DSQOLS and Diabetes QoL‐Q, presented in randomised order. After completing each scale, participants rated it for clarity, relevance, ease of completion, length and comprehensiveness. We examined scale acceptability (scale completion and user ratings), response patterns, structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) and validity (convergent, concurrent, divergent and known groups). To assess cross‐country reproducibility, analyses conducted on the UK dataset were replicated in the Australian dataset.ResultsFindings were largely consistent between countries. All scales were acceptable to participants: ≥90% completing all items, and ≥80% positive user ratings, except for DSQOLS’ length. Scale structure was not supported for the DCP. Overall, in terms of acceptability and psychometric evaluation, the DIDP was the strongest performing scale while the ADDQoL‐19 and Diabetes QoL‐Q scales also performed well.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the recently developed brief (7 items), neutrally worded DIDP scale is acceptable to adults with type 1 diabetes and has the strongest psychometric performance. However, questionnaire selection should always be considered in the context of the research aims, study design and population, as well as the wider published evidence regarding both the development and responsiveness of the scales.
The role of systolic–diastolic coupling in distinguishing impaired diastolic recoil in healthy aging and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: MacNamara James P. , Koshti Vivek , Cheng I‐Jou , Dias Katrin A. , Hearon Christopher M. , Cornwell William , Howden Erin J. , Levine Benjamin D. , Sarma Satyam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related changes to left ventricular (LV) early diastolic recoil confound the diagnostic value of e′ velocity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Systolic–diastolic coupling quantifies passive left ventricular elastic recoil and may be superior to e′ in differentiating abnormal diastolic recoil in HFpEF from healthy aging. This study aims to determine the effect of healthy aging and HFpEF on systolic–diastolic coupling.MethodsHealthy adults (n = 141, aged 20‐90 years) underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) to quantify LV filling pressure and tissue Doppler echocardiography to define peak velocities and excursion (velocity time integral) of the mitral annulus. Separately, HFpEF patients (n = 12, age 67 ± 5 years) and controls (n = 12, age 68 ± 5 years) underwent RHC and echocardiography. Systolic–diastolic coupling was measured as early diastolic excursion (EDexc) divided by systolic excursion (Sexc).ResultsIn healthy adults, EDexc/ Sexc declined by 15% per decade of life (r2 = 0.53, P < .001). EDexc/Sexc was significantly lower in HFpEF compared with controls (0.43 ± 0.11 vs 0.56 ± 0.11, P = .011), while e′ was similar (6.2 ± 1.5 vs 6.8 ± 1.3 cm/s, P = .33). Using ROC analysis, EDexc/Sexc had an AUC to detect HFpEF of 0.82 (0.61‐0.95, P = .007), which was superior to e′ alone (AUC 0.60(0.39‐0.80), P = .39; P = .026 for difference).ConclusionsSystolic–diastolic coupling, quantified by the EDexc/Sexc ratio, declined linearly with healthy aging. The EDexc/Sexc ratio was further reduced in HFpEF and able to predict HFpEF more accurately than e′ alone. Systolic–diastolic coupling may be a useful diagnostic tool to detect HFpEF.
Evolution of DELLA function and signaling in land plants
Authors: Phokas Alexandros , Coates Juliet C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDELLA proteins are master growth regulators that repress responses to a group of plant growth hormones called gibberellins (GAs). Manipulation of DELLA function and signaling was instrumental in the development of high‐yielding crop varieties that saved millions from starvation during the “Green Revolution.” Despite decades of extensive research, it is still unclear how DELLA function and signaling mechanisms evolved within the land plant lineage. Here, we review current knowledge on DELLA protein function with reference to structure, posttranslational modifications, downstream transcriptional targets, and protein–protein interactions. Furthermore, we discuss older and recent findings regarding the evolution of DELLA signaling within the land plant lineage, with an emphasis on bryophytes, and identify future avenues of research that would enable us to shed more light on the evolution of DELLA signaling. Unraveling how DELLA function and signaling mechanisms have evolved could enable us to engineer better crops in an attempt to contribute to mitigating the effects of global warming and achieving global food security.
Trends in mandibular fracture patterns in central Telangana – A retrospective overview and analysis
Authors: Devarakonda Visalakshi , Navakoti Prasad , Sungal Raghavendra Prasad , Sakleshpur Mruthyunjaya Chaitan , Karanam Anil Kumar , Sanobar Arshiya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimSocio‐economic, environmental and cultural influences may lead to discrepancies in the distribution and occurrence of orofacial injuries. The aim of this study was to analyze the patient demographics and current patterns of mandibular fractures within a geographic population.Material and MethodsThe medical records of patients with facial trauma treated over a period of 3 years were retrieved and reviewed. Their data were analyzed based on the following parameters—age, gender, mechanism of trauma, seasonal variation, drug/alcohol abuse at the time of trauma, number, and anatomic location of fractures.ResultsOf all the patients with maxillofacial injuries, 56% had mandibular fractures and 80% of these were sustained in road traffic accidents. Nearly 44% of patients had multiple mandibular fractures giving an average of about 1.6 fractures per mandible. Alcohol abuse was seen in 39% of patients. Seasonal influence indicated that the monsoon season had the highest incidence of trauma.ConclusionFracture patterns vary according to the etiology of the fracture and direction of the impact force. This information can help in the diagnosis and as a guide to future funding of preventive public health programs.
Parasitoid pressure does not elicit defensive polyphenism in the green peach aphid
Authors: Uriel Yonathan , Abram Paul K. , Gries Gerhard 
Published: January 2021

1. Aphids are capable of adapting to parasitoid pressure in the absence of sexual reproduction using epigenetically controlled polyphenism. Asexual lineages of aphids could thus become resistant to parasitoids over time and with repeated exposure, hampering biocontrol efforts that rely on parasitoid wasps.2. Prior to this study, wing polyphenism and reproductive polyphenism had been reported as parasitoid‐adaptive responses in asexual lineages of at least two species of aphids, but it remained unclear whether parasitoid exposure could induce other defensive polyphenisms. Using a rigorous, replicated experimental evolution design, we aimed to induce adaptive polyphenisms in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, through serial exposures of single asexual lines to the parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck over four consecutive generations.3. We measured changes in parasitoid susceptibility, reproductive schedule, body size, and production of pink or alate offspring compared to aphid control lines not exposed to parasitoids. Despite this consistently strong selective parasitoid pressure, there was no evidence that asexual lineages of M. persicae adapt to parasitoid pressure using adaptive polyphenism.4. Our data indicate that pseudo‐crowding stress – where aphids disturbed by parasitoids or predators wander within a colony, increasing aphid‐to‐aphid contact and creating the illusion of a more crowded environment – may be necessary for M. persicae to produce defensive polyphenisms in response to parasitoid attack.
Comparison of antipsychotic naïve first‐episode psychosis patients and healthy controls in Uganda
Authors: Mwesiga Emmanuel K. , Akena Dickens , Koen Nastassja , Nakku Juliet , Nakasujja Noeline , Stein Dan J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe risk factors for a first episode of psychosis in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are not well described. The study compared the association of different risk factors in patients with first‐episode psychosis patients and healthy controls from an LMIC context.MethodsA comparative, descriptive, cross‐sectional study was performed in antipsychotic naïve first‐episode psychosis patients and healthy controls at the National referral hospital in Uganda. Standardized tools were used to assess sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex, socioeconomic status) and clinical (e.g., childhood trauma, quality of life) variables. First episode psychosis participants were compared to healthy controls in terms of sociodemographic and clinical variables, and logistic regression was used to determine predictors of FEP.ResultsOur final sample included 198 antipsychotic naïve first‐episode psychosis participants and 82 controls. Most participants were female (68.5%) with a mean age of 29.4 years. After adjusting for age and sex, FEP patients when compared to controls were less likely to be female [AOR 0.18 (95%CI 0.03–0.85; p = .031)], more likely to have experienced emotional abuse [AOR 1.30 (95%CI 1.02–1.65; p = .032)] and more likely to have a poor quality of life [AOR 0.93 (95%CI 0.89–0.97; p = .002)].DiscussionThe risk factors for a first episode of psychosis in this low and middle‐income population were like those described in high‐income countries. Further studies on interventions to prevent the transition to psychotic disorders in this sub‐groups of patients are recommended. Also, the use of specialized early intervention services in improving the quality of life needs to be evaluated.