bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of Fear of Heights by Basolateral Amygdala Neurons
Authors: Liu Jun , Lin Longnian , Wang Dong V. 
Published: January 2021

Fear of heights is evolutionarily important for survival, yet it is unclear how and which brain regions process such height threats. Given the importance of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in mediating both learned and innate fear, we investigated how BLA neurons may respond to high-place exposure in freely behaving male mice. We found that a discrete set of BLA neurons exhibited robust firing increases when the mouse was either exploring or placed on a high place, accompanied by increased heart rate and freezing. Importantly, these high-place fear neurons were only activated under height threats, but not looming, acoustic startle, predatory odor, or mild anxiogenic conditions. Furthermore, after a fear-conditioning procedure, these high-place fear neurons developed conditioned responses to the context, but not the cue, indicating a convergence in processing of dangerous/risky contextual information. Our results provide insights into the neuronal representation of the fear of heights and may have implications for the treatment of excessive fear disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFear can be innate or learned, as innate fear does not require any associative learning or experiences. Previous research mainly focused on studying the neural mechanism of learned fear, often using an associative conditioning procedure such as pairing a tone with a footshock. Only recently scientists started to investigate the neural circuits of innate fear, including the fear of predator odors and looming visual threats; however, how the brain processes the innate fear of heights is unclear. Here we provide direct evidence that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is involved in representing the fear of heights. A subpopulation of BLA neurons exhibits a selective response to height and contextual threats, but not to other fear-related sensory or anxiogenic stimuli.
Steroid reference intervals in women: influence of menopause, age and metabolism
Authors: Mezzullo Marco , Gambineri Alessandra , Di Dalmazi Guido , Fazzini Alessia , Magagnoli Matteo , Baccini Margherita , Vicennati Valentina , Pelusi Carla , Pagotto Uberto , Fanelli Flaminia 
Published: January 2021

Objective
To investigate the impact of age, obesity and metabolic parameters on 13 circulating steroids in reproductive and menopausal age. To define reference intervals (RIs).

Design
Cross-sectional.

Methods
Three hundred and twenty five drug-free, healthy and eumenorrheic women were selected from the general population. Independent relationships of LC-MS/MS-determined steroid levels with age, BMI and metabolic parameters were estimated. Reference sub-cohorts were defined for calculating upper and lower limits in reproductive age, menstrual phases and menopause, and these were compared with limits in dysmetabolic sub-cohorts.

Results
Lower androgens, pro-androgens and estrogens, but higher cortisol and metabolites were found in menopausal compared to reproductive age women. Androgens and precursors decreased during reproductive age (P < 0.001–P = 0.002) but not after menopause. 17OH-progesterone decreased with BMI (P = 0.006) and glucocorticoids with waist circumference (P < 0.001P = 0.002) in reproductive age, but increased with triglycerides (P=0.011P=0.038) after menopause. Inverse associations of dihydrotestosterone with BMI (P=0.004) and HDL-cholesterol (P=0.010), estrone with total cholesterol (P=0.033) and estradiol with triglycerides (P=0.011) were found in reproductive age. After menopause, estrone increased with waist circumference (P<0.001) and decreased with insulin resistance (P=0.012). Ovarian steroid RIs were estimated in menstrual phases and menopause. Age- and reproductive status-specific RIs were generated for androgens, precursors and corticosteroids. Lower limits for reproductive age cortisol (P=0.020) and menopausal 11-deoxycortisol (P=0.003) in dysmetabolic sub-cohorts were reduced and increased, respectively, compared to reference limits.

Conclusions
Obesity and dysmetabolism differently influence circulating steroids in reproductive and menopausal status. Age, menstrual and menopausal status-specific RIs were provided by LC-MS/MS for a broad steroid panel.
Manfred's Remorse and Dramatic Tradition
Authors: Evans Bertrand 
Published: January 2021

Byron wrote of Manfred that he is “… a kind of magician, who is tormented by a species of remorse, the cause of which is left half unexplained.” It will perhaps be agreed that after much scholarship the cause remains in fact somewhat more than half unexplained, unless all is referred to Byron's anguish over the relationship with Augusta Leigh.With characteristic impatience the poet repudiated the guesses of his contemporaries as to the sources of Manfred, which, he said, he wrote “for the sake of introducing the Alpine scenery in description.” To Wilson's suggestion in the Edinburgh Magazine that “the origin of this dreadful story” might be found in Marlowe's Faustus, Byron replied that “the conjecturer is out, and knows nothing of the matter.” When Goethe, reviewing the play, stated that “this singular intellectual poet has taken my Faustus to himself,” Byron retorted that he had never read Faust, “for I don't know German; but Matthew Monk Lewis, in 1816, at Coligny, translated most of it, viva voce, and I was naturally much struck with it.” Earlier he had written, “An American who came the other day from Germany told Mr. Hobhouse that Manfred was taken from Goethe's Faust. The devil may take both the Faustuses, German and English,—I have taken neither.” He was receptive only to Jeffrey's suggestion of an Aeschylean influence. Prometheus, he confessed, “has always been so much in my head, that I can easily conceive its influence over all or anything that I have written.”
The Chronology of Apollinaire's Alcools
Authors: Breunig LeRoy C. 
Published: January 2021

Guillaume Apollinaire's poetry fills the twenty-year interregnum between the end of Symbolism as an organized movement and the birth of Surrealism. The earliest selections in Alcools were composed the year of Mallarmé's death in 1898, and Calligrammes appeared only a few months before Breton and Soupault began their collaboration on Les Champs magnétiques in 1919. The work of perhaps no other poet in France at the turn of the century flows in such a direct current between the two dominant schools of the last seventy-five years. Obviously our appreciation of this period would gain considerably could we but view the poems of Apollinaire in the order in which he created them, proceeding with him from the mellifluous, fin de siècle delicacy of his first published piece, Clair de lune, to the discordant lines of Victoire:On veut de nouveaux sons de nouveaux sons de nouveaux sonsOn veut des consonnes sans voyellesDes consonnes qui pètent sourdement Imitez le son de la toupieLaissez pétiller un son nasal et continuFaites claquer votre langueServez-vous du bruit sourd de celui qui mange sans civilitéLe raclement aspiré du crachement ferait aussi une belle consonne
Antitumor proteinkinase inhibitor imatinib may be regarded as a potential correcting agent for COVID-19 associated pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Mikhaylova I. N. , Treshalina N. M. , Shubina I. Zh. , Manina I. V. , Kiselevsky M. V. , Lukashev A. N. 
Published: January 2021

Imatinib mesilate (Glivec) is a well-known antitumor target inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, which is effective in different cancer types expressing Bcr / Abl and, in particular, in hemoblastosis. A higher interest to imatinib during the COVID-19 epidemic is explained by the fact that cancer patients are one of the COVID-19 risk groups. Moreover, imatinib target mechanism of action, which is effective in cancer, can have a high potential against the most severe COVID-19 complication such as the disease associated pulmonary fibrosis. COVID-19 associated interstitial pulmonary fibrosis develops as an autoimmune process caused by systemic inflammation with atypical (idiopathic) pneumonia resulting from acute respiratory distress syndrome with the tyrosine kinase mechanism of signaling pathway activation and cellular response. Experimental and clinical results showing antifibrotic and dose-related antithrombotic imatinib effect demonstrate perspective use of this antitumor agent to correct COVID-19 associated pneumonia causing a high death rate of patients with COVID-19.The review presents literature data of 2001–2020 discussing pathologic genetic and clinical characteristics of the fibrosis which exacerbates COVID-19 pneumonia in adults. The sequence of the disease processes demonstrates that disease progression with the decreasing oxygen saturation in the peripheral blood intensifies local thrombosis in the lungs. As a result, hypoxia is developing, which is difficult to control and can cause lethal outcome in severe cases. Yet, the conventional antifibrotic and thrombolytic agents can only partially control the process of pneumofibrosis including that of cancer patients. The approximate antifibrotic dose of imatinib 400 mg / day is therapeutic for oncopathology. The antitumor drug registered in many countries and well described side effects and contraindications needs no long-term registration studies for a new indication, therefore, it may be easily prepared for clinical testing.
Study of cytostatic and cytotoxic characteristics of modified peptide CDK4/6 inhibitors – functional analogs of p16INK4a (90-97)
Authors: Bozhenko V. K. , Kulinich T. M. , Kudinova E. A. , Ivanov A. V. , Shishkin A. M. , Solodkiy V. A. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Application of mathematical modeling for search for biologically active molecules is currently a promising scientific approach. Application of numerical algorithms for optimization of peptide sequences and molecular dynamics allowed to obtain modified peptide sequences that are functional analogs of the sequence of natural inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 p16INK4a.The study objective is to establish biological characteristics of peptide sequences of CDK 4/6 inhibitors obtained using mathematical modeling.Materials and methods. The studies were performed in vitro using tumor cell lines (MCF-7, А549, SKOV-3, НСТ116). Apoptosis level, cell distribution per cell cycle stages, changes in Bcl-2 expression, changes in the level of phosphorylated pRb under the effect of the studied molecules were investigated using flow cytometry. Proliferation dynamics of cell populations were studied using RTCA iCELLIgence biosensor technology.Results. Peptide sequences obtained using mathematical modeling decrease the level of phosphorylated pRb, Bcl-2 expression when applied to actively proliferating cells. These proteins serve as molecular targets for the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6–cyclin D complex, and changes in pRb and Bcl-2 levels might indicate inhibition of complex formation. Consequently, decreased proliferative activity and increased apoptosis were observed. Effectiveness of the peptide sequences depended on their molecular structure and type of the used cell line. Two (2) of the studied modified peptide sequences have higher antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on tumor cells than native p16INK4a (90-97) sequence.Conclusion. Application of mathematical modeling for search and development of functionally active molecules allowed to create peptide sequences with stronger cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor effect than p16INK4a, the native inhibitor CDK4/6.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Young Couples in the Verge of Marriage in Yazd, 2017
Authors: Fattahi Bafghi Ali , Sadeghi Bakhi Samad , Eslami Gilda , Vakili Mahmoud 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of parasitic infections in humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates that have worldwide spread. The purpose of this study was to determine the mean level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, IgM in young couples in the verge of marriage attending marriage preparation programs in Yazd Counseling Center, 2017.
Methods: In this study, 200 couples, who referred to Yazd Health Center were randomly selected. Samples were taken from the statistical populations and the presence of Toxoplasmosis infection was investigated in them. Later, the results were evaluated with specific IgM and IgG antibody kits and the data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software.
Results: Of a total of 200 Young Couples, 100 girls and 100 boys were studied, 25 girls (25%) showed positive results for IgG and 75 (75%) had negative results. In 6 boys (6%), IgM was positive and in 94 (94%) boys the results were negative. IgM was positive and negative in 4 (4%) and 96 (96%) girls, respectively. Regarding IgG, 12 (12%) and 88 (88%) girls showed positive and negative results, respectively. No significant relationship was found between hair loss (0.614), job (0.470), level of education (p = 0.488), blood group (p = 0.618), and p = 0.663.
Conclusions: The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection is lower among young couples in the verge of marriage compared to similar studies. No significant relationship was observed in the main factors, such as keeping cats as pet; however, the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis infection was higher in people with lower education.
Screening of West Siberian patients with primary congenital glaucoma for CYP1B1 gene mutations
Authors: Ivanoshchuk D. E. , Mikhailova S. V. , Fenkova O. G. , Shakhtshneider E. V. , Fursova A. Z. , Bychkov I. V. , Voevoda M. I. 
Published: January 2021

Primary congenital glaucoma (PСG) is a visual organ pathology that leads to progressive blindness and poor vision in children. Its main cause is an anomaly of the anterior chamber angle. Most cases of PСG are sporadic, but familial cases with an autosomal recessive (predominantly) and autosomal dominant (rare) type of inheritance have been described. Congenital glaucoma is a rare condition (1 case per 10,000–20,000 newborns), but its prevalence is substantially higher (up to 1 case per 250 newborns) in countries where consanguineous marriages are common. Mutations in the CYP1B1 gene, which encodes cytochrome P450 1B1, are the most common cause of autosomal recessive primary congenital glaucoma. This enzyme is known to be involved in retinoic acid metabolism and is necessary for normal eye development. The aim of this work was to assess the polymorphism of the CYP1B1 gene among West Siberian patients with primary congenital glaucoma. Direct automatic Sanger sequencing of exons and adjacent splicing sites of the CYP1B1 gene was carried out in 28 people with the PCG phenotype from a West Siberian region. As a result, in the sample of the white population we examined, pathogenic variants previously described in other ethnic groups were revealed: E387K (rs55989760), R444* (rs377049098), R444Q (rs72549376), and P437L (rs56175199), as well as novel single-nucleotide deletion p.F114Lfs*38 in the CYP1B1 gene. The latter can cause a frame shift, changed amino acid composition, and a formation of truncated in the protein. None of the detected mutations were found in the control sample of ophthalmologically examined individuals without PCG (100 people). Variants R444* (rs377049098) and R444Q (rs72549376) were not found in the general population sample either (576 randomly selected West Siberia residents). All the detected mutations caused the development of the autosomal recessive form of primary congenital glaucoma. The most severe clinical phenotype was observed in carriers of mutations in codon 444 of the gene. Consequently, in children with signs of increased intraocular pressure, molecular genetic analysis of the CYP1B1 gene is advisable for early diagnosis and timely initiation of PCG therapy.
Effect of Different Levels and Time of Application of Paclobutrazol on Morphology, Yield and Yield Attributing Characters and Economics of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Lenka Subhrasini , Swain Susanta Kumar , Pradhan Kartik Chandra , Dhal Arabinda 
Published: January 2021

Background: Groundnut is one of the most important oilseed crops of Odisha and grown in both in kharif and rabi-summer seasons. Because of excessive vegetative growth in kharif season, the yield potential is lower than rabi-summer resulting in low yield. Keeping this in view, an experiment was set up to investigate the effect of different concentration and time of paclobutrazol application on growth and yield of groundnut. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2016 to 2018 at AICRP on Groundnut Research Farm, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with different concentration of paclobutrazol in main plot and time of application in sub plot and replicated thrice. Recommended dose of 20:40:40 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O entirely applied as basal. Yield and yield attributing characters were taken at the time of harvest. Conclusion: Application of paclobutrazol at different concentration significantly reduced groundnut plant height and significant reduction was observed with application at 30 DAE. Among various yield attributing characters; pod/plant and pod yield increased significantly (24.6% and 27.4%, respectively) with application of paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm with higher benefit cost ratio of 1.97 and upto (8.4% and 17.5%) with application at 30 DAE.
Proposta de indicadores de respostas estratégicas às pressões institucionais para a sustentabilidade em empresas internacionalizadas
Authors: Dos Santos Maríndia Brachak , Scherer Flavia Luciane , Trindade Nathália Rigui , Piveta Maíra Nunes 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo do estudo: Construir indicadores para a mensuração das respostas estratégicas às pressões institucionais para a sustentabilidade em empresas internacionalizadas do setor moveleiro.Metodologia/abordagem: O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu em uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa por meio de entrevistas com três empresas do setor moveleiro do Rio Grande do Sul. A etapa quantitativa foi concretizada por meio do método survey com o instrumento desenvolvido previamente. Os dados foram analisados a partir da análise fatorial exploratória.Originalidade/Relevância: Ao considerar a perspectiva institucional e a emergência e transversalidade das temáticas sustentabilidade e internacionalização, o estudo explora um gap teórico que tem despertado interesse de pesquisadores, oriundos de diferentes campos do saber.Principais resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o modelo testado se apresentou adequado estatisticamente para mensuração das cinco dimensões, originalmente propostas por Oliver (1991). As cinco dimensões supracitadas se encontram operacionalizadas em 15 variáveis observáveis, capazes de mensurar as respostas estratégicas às pressões institucionais para a sustentabilidade, as quais explicam 67,89% da variância total dos dados.Contribuições teóricas/metodológica: Contribui com a proposição e aplicação de um instrumento de pesquisa quantitativo para as respostas estratégicas às pressões institucionais para a sustentabilidade. De acordo com a literatura sobre o tema, os estudos que abordam a perspectiva das respostas estratégicas, propostas por Oliver (1991), são em sua maioria estudos qualitativos. Outra contribuição importante está na tentativa de relacionar construtos de uma forma ainda não abordada na literatura sobre internacionalização, evidenciando dois temas importantes (grau de internacionalização e sustentabilidade).
EVALUASI KANDUNGAN BRIX PADA BATANG TANAMAN PLASMA NUTFAH SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)) Brix Content Evaluation of Sorghum Stem Germplasm (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench))
Authors: Dwiatmini Kristina , Risliawati Andari , Koswanudin Dodin , Sutoro Sutoro 
Published: January 2021

<p>Biji sorgum dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan, pakan dan bahan industri. Batang tanaman sorgum umumnya mengandung senyawa gula, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman sirup dan bahan baku bioethanol. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa gula pada batang tanaman sorgum dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar brix dengan alat refraktometer. Untuk menghasilkan varietas sorgum yang dapat menghasilkan brix tinggi diperlukan sumber genetik untuk pemuliaan tanaman sorgum. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan terhadap 219 aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum koleksi Bank Gen Balitbangtan di BB Biogen. Bahan batang tanaman diperoleh dari pertanaman sorgum yang ditanam pada tahun 2017. Sampel batang tanaman sorgum dipotong menjadi 3 bagian yang sama panjangnya dan diukur kandungan brix dengan refraktometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum dari batang bagian bawah, tengah dan atas memiliki kandungan brix bervariasi yaitu berkisar antara 0.2 – 15.1 %. Aksesi sorgum introduksi ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, dan ICSV 93007 memiliki kandungan brix lebih dari 14% yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan pemuliaan sorgum manis. Genotipe yang memiliki sifat ganda yang mampu menghasilkan hasil biji dan kandungan brix baik pada tanaman induk maupun ratun perlu mendapat perhatian.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p> Sorghum seeds are used as a source for food, feed, and industrial materials. Stems of sorghum plants generally contain sugar compounds, so it can be used as a beverage of syrup and raw materials of bioethanol. The content of sugar compounds on the stem of the sorghum plant could be done by measuring brix by using refractometer. Genetic resources are needed to develop sorghum varieties that can produce high brix content in its plant breeding program. A study has been conducted on 219 germplasm accessions of IAARD Gene Bank collection at BB BIOGEN. The plant stem material is derived from the planting of sorghum grown in 2017. The stem of the sorghum plant is cut into 3 equal lengths and brix content measured by refractometer. The results showed that the accession of the sorghum germplasm from the lower, middle, and upper stems reveal that brix content varied from 0.2 to 15.1%. Introduction accession of sorghum i.e. ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, and ICSV 93007 had a brix content of more than 14% and can be used as parent materials for sweet sorghum breeding. Multiple traits of genotipe which are capable producing seed yield and brix content in both primary plants and ratoon need further attention.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong><em></em></p>
Cobalt Effect on the Growth of Cadmium Oxide Nanostructure Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Rzaij Jamal M. , Ibraheam A. S. , Abass Amina M. 
Published: January 2021

Spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) is employed to synthesize cadmium oxide nanostructure with 3% and 5% Cobalt concentrations. Films are deposited on a glass substrate at 350 ᵒC with 150 nm thickness. The XRD analysis revealed a polycrystalline nature with cubic structure and (111) preferred orientation. Structural parameters represent lattice spacing, crystallite size, lattice parameter and dislocation density. Homogeneous surfaces and regular distribution of atoms were showed by atomic force microscope (AFM) with 1.03 nm average roughness and 1.22 nm root mean square roughness. Optical properties illustrated a high transmittance more than 85% in the range of visible spectrum and decreased with Co concentration increasing. The absorption coefficient values decreased with increasing wavelength and the prepared films had absorption coefficient values greater than 104 cm-1. The optical energy gap values for allowing direct transition (ADT) varied from 2.78 to 2.63 eV with increasing Co concentration, while the energy gap for allowing indirect transition (AIDT) varied from 1.85 to 1.6 eV with Co concentration.