bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infiltrated thin film structure with hydrogel-mediated precursor ink for durable SOFCs
Authors: Hwang Sangyeon , Choi Mingi , Lee Jongseo , Kang Giho , Kim Seo Ju , Seong Baekhoon , Lee Hyungdong , Lee Wonyoung , Byun Doyoung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hydrogel of biomolecule-assisted metal/organic complex has the superior ability to form a uniform, continuous, and densely integrated structure, which is necessary for fine thin film fabrication. As a representative of nature-originated polymers with abundant reactive side chains, we select the gelatin molecule as an element for weaving the metal cations. Here, we demonstrate the interaction between the metal cation and gelatin molecules, and associate it with coating quality. We investigate the rheological property of gelatin solutions interacting with metal cation from the view of cross-linking and denaturing of gelatin molecules. Also, we quantitatively compare the corresponding interactions by monitoring the absorbance spectrum of the cation. The coated porous structure is systematically investigated from the infiltration of gelatin-mediated Gd0.2Ce0.8O2−δ (GDC) precursor into Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (SSC) porous scaffold. By applying the actively interacting gelatin–GDC system, we achieve a thin film of GDC on SSC with excellent uniformity. Compare to the discrete coating from the typical infiltration process, the optimized thin film coated structure shows enhanced performance and stability.
Impact of nutritional index on contrast-associated acute kidney injury and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Han Miyeun , Lee Hye Won , Lee Han Cheol , Kim Hyo Jin , Seong Eun Young , Song Sang Heon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe risk of malnutrition in acute kidney injury and mortality in coronary artery disease patients has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate whether nutritional status assessed by Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was related to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes. A total of 3731 patients who received PCI between January 2010 and December 2018 were included. The relationship between PNI at the time of PCI and the occurrence of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and all-cause death was evaluated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. AKI occurred in 271 patients (7.3%). A low PNI was independently associated with an increased risk of AKI on multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98, P = 0.001). During the median follow-up of 4.3 years, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with AKI/low PNI < 47.8 had a higher death rate. After adjusting for various risk factors, a low PNI was a significant risk factor for mortality (HR 0.98, CI 0.96–0.99, P = 0.003). A low level of PNI was associated with increased mortality, especially in the group aged over 70 years and female sex. PNI was closely associated with acute kidney outcomes and patient mortality after PCI.
TP53 modulates radiotherapy fraction size sensitivity in normal and malignant cells
Authors: Anbalagan Selvakumar , Ström Cecilia , Downs Jessica A. , Jeggo Penny A. , McBay David , Wilkins Anna , Rothkamm Kai , Harrington Kevin J. , Yarnold John R. , Somaiah Navita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent clinical trials in breast and prostate cancer have established that fewer, larger daily doses (fractions) of radiotherapy are safe and effective, but these do not represent personalised dosing on a patient-by-patient basis. Understanding cell and molecular mechanisms determining fraction size sensitivity is essential to fully exploit this therapeutic variable for patient benefit. The hypothesis under test in this study is that fraction size sensitivity is dependent on the presence of wild-type (WT) p53 and intact non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Using single or split-doses of radiation in a range of normal and malignant cells, split-dose recovery was determined using colony-survival assays. Both normal and tumour cells with WT p53 demonstrated significant split-dose recovery, whereas Li-Fraumeni fibroblasts and tumour cells with defective G1/S checkpoint had a large S/G2 component and lost the sparing effect of smaller fractions. There was lack of split-dose recovery in NHEJ-deficient cells and DNA-PKcs inhibitor increased sensitivity to split-doses in glioma cells. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of p53 in fibroblasts reduced split-dose recovery. In summary, cells defective in p53 are less sensitive to radiotherapy fraction size and lack of split-dose recovery in DNA ligase IV and DNA-PKcs mutant cells suggests the dependence of fraction size sensitivity on intact NHEJ.
Sensitive quantification of carbon monoxide in vivo reveals a protective role of circulating hemoglobin in CO intoxication
Authors: Mao Qiyue , Kawaguchi Akira T. , Mizobata Shun , Motterlini Roberto , Foresti Roberta , Kitagishi Hiroaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous molecule known as the silent killer. It is widely believed that an increase in blood carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) is the best biomarker to define CO intoxication, while the fact that CO accumulation in tissues is the most likely direct cause of mortality is less investigated. There is no reliable method other than gas chromatography to accurately determine CO content in tissues. Here we report the properties and usage of hemoCD1, a synthetic supramolecular compound composed of an iron(II)porphyrin and a cyclodextrin dimer, as an accessible reagent for a simple colorimetric assay to quantify CO in biological samples. The assay was validated in various organ tissues collected from rats under normal conditions and after exposure to CO. The kinetic profile of CO in blood and tissues after CO treatment suggested that CO accumulation in tissues is prevented by circulating Hb, revealing a protective role of Hb in CO intoxication. Furthermore, hemoCD1 was used in vivo as a CO removal agent, showing that it acts as an effective adjuvant to O2ventilation to eliminate residual CO accumulated in organs, including the brain. These findings open new therapeutic perspectives to counteract the toxicity associated with CO poisoning.
Structural and functional analysis of LIM domain-dependent recruitment of paxillin to αvβ3 integrin-positive focal adhesions
Authors: Ripamonti Marta , Liaudet Nicolas , Azizi Latifeh , Bouvard Daniel , Hytönen Vesa P. , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe LIM domain-dependent localization of the adapter protein paxillin to β3 integrin-positive focal adhesions (FAs) is not mechanistically understood. Here, by combining molecular biology, photoactivation and FA-isolation experiments, we demonstrate specific contributions of each LIM domain of paxillin and reveal multiple paxillin interactions in adhesion-complexes. Mutation of β3 integrin at a putative paxillin binding site (β3VE/YA) leads to rapidly inward-sliding FAs, correlating with actin retrograde flow and enhanced paxillin dissociation kinetics. Induced mechanical coupling of paxillin to β3VE/YA integrin arrests the FA-sliding, thereby disclosing an essential structural function of paxillin for the maturation of β3 integrin/talin clusters. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation unveils the spatial orientation of the paxillin LIM-array, juxtaposing the positive LIM4 to the plasma membrane and the β3 integrin-tail, while in vitro binding assays point to LIM1 and/or LIM2 interaction with talin-head domain. These data provide structural insights into the molecular organization of β3 integrin-FAs.
Diagnostik und Therapie der aplastischen Anämie – Update 2021
Authors: Panse Jens 
Published: March 2021

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik Telomeropathie-Erkrankungen und andere konstitutionelle Ursachen werden zunehmend auch im Erwachsenenalter als AA-Ursache erkannt. Screening-Untersuchungen, Erfassung der Familiengeschichte und körperliche Untersuchung auf mögliche Hinweise konstitutioneller Syndrome sind daher auch bei erwachsenen AA-Patienten durchzuführen.
Therapie Eine Stammzelltransplantation von unverwandten 10/10-Spendern ergibt fast ebenso gute Ergebnisse wie von Familienspendern bei Patienten unter 30. Eltrombopag ist zur Behandlung von refraktären Patienten mit schwerer aplastischer Anämie zugelassen. Patienten mit Chromosom-7-Anomalien sollen kein Eltrombopag erhalten; vor Eltrombopag-Therapie muss ein zytogenetisches Screening erfolgen. Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen wie der AA sollte die Anbindung an Patientenselbsthilfegruppen empfohlen werden und die Lebensqualität muss bei allen Therapieformen adäquat erfasst und gewürdigt werden.
Ausblick Eine immunsuppressive Therapie mit ATG und CSA wird zukünftig mit Eltrombopag kombiniert werden. Romiplostim, ein weiterer TRA, ist ebenfalls wirksam bei AA. Die differenzierte molekulare Diagnostik wird die Pathophysiologie klonaler Evolution weiter verstehbar machen.
Die asymptomatische Karotisstenose: Was ist neu?
Authors: Sander Dirk 
Published: March 2021

Was ist neu?
Indikation zur Revaskularisation asymptomatischer Karotisstenosen Mit einer optimalen medikamentösen Therapie kann eine vergleichbare Risikoreduktion wie mit einer Revaskularisation erreicht werden. Daher empfiehlt die aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie, die Indikation zur Revaskularisation einer asymptomatischen hochgradigen Karotisstenose unter sorgfältiger Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung individualisiert zu treffen. Voraussetzung ist, dass kein erhöhtes Operationsrisiko besteht und ein oder mehrere klinische oder bildgebende Befunde vorliegen, die mit einem erhöhten Schlaganfallrisiko assoziiert sind. Die periprozedurale Schlaganfallrate/Letalität soll maximal 2 % betragen.
Optimierte konservative Therapie (BMT) Die Einnahme von ASS (100 mg/Tag) führt bei Patienten mit asymptomatischer Karotisstenose zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der 5-Jahres-Mortalität auch nach Adjustierung für andere Risikofaktoren. Ein LDL-Zielwert < 70 mg/dl führt im Vergleich zu einem Zielwert von 90–110 mg/dl zu einer signifikant größeren Reduktion der Intima-Media-Dicke.
Aktueller Stellenwert der Kardio-MRT in Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Vietheer Julia M. , Hamm Christian W. , Rolf Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Quantifizierung der links- und rechtsventrikulären Funktion Strain Imaging erweitert die klassische Volumetrie der MRT um einen sehr subtilen globalen und regionalen Funktionsparameter. Strain detektiert sehr frühe Funktionseinbußen beider Ventrikel, die visuell noch nicht erkennbar sind. Insbesondere der longitudinale Strain ist bei ischämischen und nichtischämischen Erkrankungen frühzeitig reduziert. Strain hat über die EF hinaus zusätzliche prognostische Bedeutung.
Gewebecharakterisierung T1- und T2-Mapping erweitern die klassische Gewebecharakterisierung mit Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) um sehr subtile quantitative Parameter, die diffuse Fibrose (T1) und Ödem (T1 und T2) widerspiegeln.
Ischämiediagnostik Die Perfusions-MRT unter Vasodilatatorstress ist das genaueste Verfahren zur Ischämiediagnostik. Die MR-INFORM-Studie zeigt, dass mithilfe der Stress-MRT fast die Hälfte der Katheteruntersuchungen in einem Kollektiv mit hoher Prätestwahrscheinlichkeit vermieden werden kann. Dabei ist die Stress-MRT der FFR-basierten Strategie nicht unterlegen und genauso sicher.
Prärestaurative Aligner-Therapie eines Deckbisses mit
ausgeprägten Zahnhartsubstanzverlusten – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Drechsler Thomas , Gernhardt Johannes 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEin interdisziplinäres Behandlungskonzept mittels Aligner-Therapie
bei einer adoleszenten Patientin mit Deckbisskonfiguration, asymmetrischer
Angle-Klasse-II-Verzahnung und ausgeprägten
Zahnhartsubstanzverlusten bei bestehender Bruxismus-Anamnese wird
vorgestellt.Die geplanten kieferorthopädischen Maßnahmen sollten im Sinne
einer prärestaurativen Therapie neben funktionellen Verbesserungen
insbesondere eine orthoaxiale Frontzahninklination erreichen, um ausreichend
Platz zur morphologischen Rekonstruktion der abradierten Inzisiven zu
schaffen.Die Aligner-Therapie bietet gerade bei erwachsenen Patienten mit
ausgeprägtem Bruxismusverhalten eine adäquate Alternative
zur herkömmlichen Multibracketapparatur, da sie neben
ästhetischen Aspekten gleichzeitig einen Schutz der Zahnhartsubstanz
gewährleistet.Wichtig bei der initialen Behandlungsplanung, hier mittels
ClinCheck-Software/Align Technology, sind fundierte Kenntnisse des
Fachzahnarztes* zur Umsetzung des virtuellen, biomechanischen
Kraftmodells in das klinisch angestrebte Therapieziel.Dabei spielen neben materialspezifischen Eigenschaften der Aligner
zusätzlich auch individuelle, körpereigene Reaktionen eine
Rolle, die das klinische Behandlungsergebnis beeinflussen können. So
konnte bei der hier therapierten Patientin neben der Korrektur der
Frontzahninklination auch die initial vorhandene Distalverzahnung ohne
Verwendung zusätzlicher Mechaniken allein durch
neuromuskuläre Adaptation infolge des vergrößerten
sagittalen Freiraums spontan verbessert werden.Die Rekonstruktion der abradierten Inzisiven erfolgte im Anschluss an die
orthodontischen Maßnahmen zunächst provisorisch durch den
Behandler mittels Kompositaufbauten, welche durch Veneers oder (Teil-)Kronen
zur definitiven Langzeitrehabilitation ersetzt werden können.
Proctorship in Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Zahid Assad , Miskovic Danilo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTeaching an established surgeon in a novel technique by a colleague who has acquired a level of expertise is often referred to as “proctoring” or “precepting.” Surgical preceptorships can be defined as supervised teaching programs, whereby individual or groups of surgeons (proctors) experienced in a certain technique support a colleague who wants to adopt this technique (sometimes referred to as “delegates” or “preceptees”). Preceptorship programs really focus on a specific technique, technology, or skill which is required to broaden, complement, or transform an established surgeon's practice.Within colorectal surgery, in the past 30 years, there is been an evolution of interventional options including open, laparoscopic, robotic, and endoscopic procedures. With each new emerging technology and technique, safe and effective uptake by established surgeons is best been attained by a period of proctorship by an experienced colleague. Formalizing this has been facilitated largely through industry support. There, however, remains a considerable chasm when it comes to standardization, quality control, and jurisprudence.This article aims to describe the requirements for a contemporary proctorship program, to examine instruments of quality control, and how to improve effectiveness.
Development of a time of flight spectrometer based on position sensitive multi-wire proportional counters for fission fragment mass distribution studies
Authors: Jhingan Akhil , Saneesh N. , Kumar M. , Mahajan Ruchi , Thakur Meenu , Kaur Gurpreet , Kapoor K. , Kumar Neeraj , Shareef M. , Dubey R. , Appannababu S. , Prasad E. , Singh Hardev , Golda K. S. , Ahuja R. , Behera B. R. , Sugathan P. 
Published: March 2021

Characteristics and performance of a time of flight (TOF) spectrometer developed for performing fission mass distribution studies are presented. The spectrometer contains two TOF arms based on multi-wire proportional counters (MWPCs). Each arm has two MWPCs to form a start–stop detection system for TOF measurements. The start detector has an active area of 4 × 4 cm2. The stop detector is a two-dimensional position sensitive MWPC with an active area of 16 × 11 cm2. Salient features of the MWPCs are the use of reduced sub-millimeter wire pitches of 0.635 and 0.317 mm in the electrodes along with the use of gold plated tungsten wires of diameters 10 and 20 µm. A delay line for position electrodes is prepared using chip inductors and capacitors. Ten different configurations of MWPC were investigated for the start detector, which involved the use of three and four electrode geometries, use of different wire pitches, and use of aluminized mylar for timing electrodes. Performance results close to micro-channel plate detectors have been observed with some designs of MWPC, displaying rise times better than 2 ns with an estimated inherent time resolution of ∼100 ps FWHM. A position resolution of ∼1 mm (FWHM) has been observed. Design features of the MWPCs and their test performance results are described in this article.
High-strain-rate mechanical response of HTPE propellant under SHPB impact loading
Authors: Zhang Heng-ning , Chang Hai , Li Jun-qiang , Li Xiao-jiang , Wang Han 
Published: March 2021

The high-strain-rate dynamic response of a hydroxyl-terminated polyether (HTPE) propellant during impact loading is essential for assessing the structural reliability and impact safety of HTPE propellant. In this study, a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus has been developed to research the stress–strain behavior of the HTPE propellant over strain rates ranging from 470 to 5910 s−1 at room temperature, and the validity of the SHPB test is analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the evolution of deformation to failure of the HTPE propellant was recorded by a high-speed digital camera synchronized with the SHPB test, which revealed the correlation between mechanical response and failure mode. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to investigate the microscopic failure mechanism of the post-test HTPE propellant, which indicated two characteristic failure modes: cracking propagates along the (1) debonding surface and (2) transgranular damage path. Finally, based on the stress–strain plots derived from the SHPB tests, the ultimate stress, strain energy density, and adiabatic temperature-rise effect of the HTPE propellant were seen to show strong strain rate dependence by following an empirical power law function.
Acousto-optic modulation of light polarisation in monoclinic crystals
Authors: Chizhikov A.I. , Naumenko N.F. , Yushkov K.B. , Molchanov V.Ya. , Pavlyuk A.A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A configuration of a laser polarisation modulator based on isotropic acousto-optic interaction is proposed. Polarisation control is performed by a 2D acousto-optic cell based on one monoclinic single crystal. A possibility of implementing this modulator on the basis of a KY(WO4)2 crystal is demonstrated.
Two-dimensional image edge enhancement using a spatial frequency filter of two-color radiation
Authors: Kotov V.M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional optical image edge enhancement is investigated using a spatial acousto-optical (AO) filter operating at two wavelengths of optical radiation, which significantly increases the reliability of measurements and also reduces the effect of noise. The filter operates basing on diffraction of light in two diffraction orders. It is shown that, in the general case, it is impossible to obtain a two-dimensional image contour simultaneously at two wavelengths at the same energy and frequency-angular parameters of the AO filter. A regime has been found that makes it possible to switch from one wavelength to another while maintaining the operation of edge enhancement by changing the acoustic power. This regime has been experimentally confirmed by the example of the formation of a two-dimensional image contour using two-colour radiation of an Ar laser emitting at wavelengths of 0.488 × 10−4 and 0.514 × 10−4 cm, and an AO cell made of TeO2, operating at a sound frequency of 57 MHz.
Comparison of AlGaInAs/InP semiconductor lasers (λ = 1450 – 1500 nm) with ultra-narrow and strongly asymmetric waveguides
Authors: Volkov N.A. , Svetogorov V.N. , Ryaboshtan Yu.L. , Andreev A.Yu. , Yarotskaya I.V. , Ladugin M.A. , Padalitsa A.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Slipchenko S.O. , Lyutetskii A.V. , Veselov D.A. , Pikhtin N.A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Semiconductor lasers based on AlGaInAs/InP heterostructures with ultra-narrow and asymmetric waveguides are comparatively studied. It is shown that the use of these waveguides with a simultaneous increase in the quantum well depth makes it possible to increase output powers. Such lasers based on both strongly asymmetric and ultra-narrow waveguides with a stripe contact width of 100 μm demonstrate an output power of 5 W (at pump currents of 11.5 and 14 A, respectively) in a continuous-wave regime at room temperature and a wavelength of 1450 – 1500 nm.
Associations between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult functioning in three longitudinal twin studies
Authors: Schaefer Jonathan D. , Hamdi Nayla R. , Malone Stephen M. , Vrieze Scott , Wilson Sylia , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
A widely voiced concern regarding cannabis legalization in the United States is that cannabis is harmful to minors, affecting the developing brain to increase emotional and cognitive problems while impairing functioning. However, these associations may be due to confounding by common vulnerability factors that make some individuals more prone to both cannabis use and negative outcomes. We evaluate this possibility by conducting a series of cotwin control analyses in a sample that combines data from three longitudinal studies. Our findings provide little support for a strong, causal relationship between adolescent cannabis use and adult mental health or cognitive ability but do suggest that cannabis use may impair academic functioning during the secondary school years, with downstream effects on socioeconomic status.
Molecular mechanism of abnormally large nonsoftening deformation in a tough hydrogel
Authors: Ye Ya Nan , Cui Kunpeng , Hong Wei , Li Xueyu , Yu Chengtao , Hourdet Dominique , Nakajima Tasuku , Kurokawa Takayuki , Gong Jian Ping 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Tough soft materials usually show strain softening. Avoiding strain softening, although important for practical application, had not been a focus of research. Recently, a series of tough hydrogels made from hyperconnective physical networks and linear polymers as molecular glue show extraordinarily large nonsoftening, quasi-linear but inelastic deformation. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism of this behavior and clarified that it is a direct consequence of the interplay between hyperconnectivity of the skeleton network and the stress transfer through molecular glues. We believe that this work gives important insight on the design and development of tough soft materials without strain softening.
Potent neutralization of Rift Valley fever virus by human monoclonal antibodies through fusion inhibition
Authors: Chapman Nathaniel S. , Zhao Haiyan , Kose Nurgun , Westover Jonna B. , Kalveram Birte , Bombardi Robin , Rodriguez Jessica , Sutton Rachel , Genualdi Joseph , LaBeaud A. Desiree , Mutuku Francis M. , Pittman Phillip R. , Freiberg Alexander N. , Gowen Brian B. , Fremont Daved H. , Crowe James E. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)–specific monoclonal antibodies from survivors of natural infection and vaccination were isolated to understand how RVFV is targeted for neutralization by the human immune system. These antibodies bind to specific regions of the viral surface, some of which are complex quaternary epitopes, and they block RVFV infection at extremely low concentrations. A new mechanism by which these mAbs can neutralize RVFV is described whereby the antibody may prevent necessary structural rearrangements in the viral proteins for infection. The antibodies isolated here have potential use in pre-exposure prophylaxis or post-exposure therapy against RVFV infection and should be studied further in that context.