bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Admissions from the Emergency Department and Subsequent Critical Care Interventions for Influenza during Pregnancy
Authors: Krenitsky Nicole , Wen Timothy , Cham Stephanie , Venkatesh Kartik K. , Attenello Frank , Mack William J. , D'Alton Mary , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether obstetrical patients were more likely to be admitted from the emergency department (ED) for influenza compared with nonpregnant women, and (2) require critical care interventions once admitted.
Study Design Using data from the 2006 to 2011 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, ED encounters for influenza for women aged 15 to 54 years without underlying chronic medical conditions were identified. Women were categorized as pregnant or nonpregnant using billing codes. Multivariable log linear models were fit to evaluate the relative risk of admission from the ED and the risk of intensive care unit (ICU)-level interventions including mechanical ventilation and central monitoring with pregnancy status as the exposure of interest. Measures of association were described with adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results We identified 15.9 million ED encounters for influenza of which 4% occurred among pregnant women. Pregnant patients with influenza were nearly three times as likely to be admitted as nonpregnant patients (aRR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.94, 3.05). Once admitted, obstetric patients were at 72% higher risk of ICU-level interventions (aRR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.61, 1.84). Of pregnant women admitted from the ED, 9.3% required ICU-level interventions such as mechanical ventilation or central monitoring. Older patients and those with Medicare were also at high risk of admission and ICU-level interventions (p < 0.01).
Conclusion Pregnancy confers three times the risk of admission from the ED for influenza and pregnant women are significantly more likely to require ICU-level medical interventions compared with women of similar age. These findings confirm the significant disease burden from influenza in the obstetric population and the public health importance of reducing infection risk.
Key Points
Measuring Variation in Interpregnancy Interval: Identifying Hotspots for Improvement Initiatives
Authors: Karakash Scarlett D. , Main Elliott K. , Chang Shen Chih , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , Gould Jeffrey B. 
Published: May 2021

Objective The study aimed to determine if single year birth certificate data can be used to identify regional and hospital variation in rates of short interpregnancy interval (IPI < 6 months).
Study Design IPI was estimated for multiparous women ages 15 to 44 years with singleton live births between 2015 and 2016. Perinatal outcomes, place of birth, maternal race, and data for IPI calculations were obtained by using birth certificates. IPI frequencies are presented as observed rates.
Results The cohort included 562,039 multiparous women. Short IPI rates were similar to those obtained with analyses by using linked longitudinal data and confirmed the association with preterm birth. Short IPI rates varied by race and Hispanic nativity. There was substantial hospital (0.8–9%) and regional (2.9–6.2%) variation in short IPI rates.
Conclusion IPI rates can be reliably obtained from current year birth certificate data. This can be a useful tool for quality improvement projects targeting interventions and rapidly assessing their progress to promote optimal birth spacing.
Key Points
The Association between the Number of Vacuum Pop-Offs and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Sakowicz Allie , Zahalka Salwa J. , Miller Emily S. 
Published: May 2021

Objective Obstetrical vacuum manufacturers have long recommended a maximum of two to three pop-offs be allowed before abandoning the procedure. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the safety of vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery in relation to the number of pop-offs to support this recommendation. Our objective was to examine whether the number of pop-offs in a vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent a trial of a vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery at a single tertiary care institution between October 2005 and June 2014. Maternal and fetal factors associated with the number of pop-offs were examined in bivariable analyses. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine the independent association of the number of pop-offs with adverse neonatal outcomes.
Results Of the 1,730 women who met inclusion criteria, 1,293 (74.7%) had no pop-offs, 240 (13.9%) had one pop-off, 128 (7.4%) had two pop-offs, and 69 (4.0%) had three or more pop-offs. Neonatal scalp/facial lacerations, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, central nervous system depression, and neonatal intensive care unit admission were all associated with the number of pop-offs in bivariable analyses. In multivariable analyses, compared to no pop-offs, having any vacuum pop-offs was associated with an increased odds of adverse neonatal outcomes. However, there was not a consistent dose–response relationship.
Conclusion While having vacuum pop-offs in a vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery was associated with an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, there did not appear to be a dose-dependent association with the number of pop-offs.
Key Points
Sleep among Obstetrics and Gynecology Trainees: Results from a Yoga-Based Wellness Initiative
Authors: Babbar Shilpa , Williams Karen B. , Cheng An-Lin 
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using a wrist-based fitness tracking device to assess sleep among Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) trainees who engaged in a yoga-based wellness program. We also sought to evaluate the effects of yoga on sleep.
Study Design A quality improvement initiative consisting of an 8-week wellness program of weekly yoga classes, nutrition, and physical challenges was implemented for OBGYN residents and Maternal–Fetal Medicine fellows. The Polar A370 fitness tracker device was provided and synced to the Polar Flow for Coach program for inclusion. Data obtained included total and restful sleep from each night the device were worn. Pre- and post-assessment of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were compared. Linear mixed models were used to estimate and test the effect of yoga on sleep while controlling for on-call shifts.
Results Of the 15 participants who synced their device, 13 (87%) were included for analysis. Sleep data from 572 nights were analyzed. The mean (SD) total sleep was 434.28 (110.03) minutes over the 8 weeks. A minimum of 7 hours (420 minutes) of total sleep occurred 59.3% of the time. After controlling for Friday or Saturday night on-call, those who attended yoga class had a significantly greater total sleep (yoga: 425.14 minutes [41.89], no yoga: 357.33 [43.04] minutes; p = 0.04). There was no significant change in the mean global PSQI score after the program (pre: 5.0 [1.6], post: 5.1 [2.5], p = 0.35).
Conclusion Wearable fitness monitors provide insight into sleep patterns displayed during training and can serve as a tool to identify those who are sleep deprived and assist in the evaluation of trainee wellness. Training programs are encouraged to provide access to yoga and mindfulness interventions to improve sleep and possibly clinical performance.
Key Points
Single-photon detection in the mid-infrared up to 10 μm wavelength using tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire detectors
Authors: Verma V. B. , Korzh B. , Walter A. B. , Lita A. E. , Briggs R. M. , Colangelo M. , Zhai Y. , Wollman E. E. , Beyer A. D. , Allmaras J. P. , Vora H. , Zhu D. , Schmidt E. , Kozorezov A. G. , Berggren K. K. , Mirin R. P. , Nam S. W. , Shaw M. D. 
Published: May 2021

We developed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on tungsten silicide, which show saturated internal detection efficiency up to a wavelength of 10 μm. These detectors are promising for applications in the mid-infrared requiring sub-nanosecond timing, ultra-high gain stability, low dark counts, and high efficiency, such as chemical sensing, LIDAR, dark matter searches, and exoplanet spectroscopy.
Enhanced magnetic moment with cobalt dopant in SnS2 semiconductor
Authors: Bouzid Houcine , Rodan Steven , Singh Kirandeep , Jin Youngjo , Jiang Jinbao , Yoon Duhee , Song Hyun Yong , Lee Young Hee 
Published: May 2021

We report the strong ferromagnetic order in van der Waals (vdW) layered SnS2 induced by cobalt substitution. The single-crystal Co-doped SnS2 grown by a self-flux method reveals a relatively high Curie temperature (TC) of ∼131 K with an in-plane magnetic easy axis and a large saturation magnetization of ∼0.65 emu g−1 for the 2 at. % Co concentration, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the previously reported value for transition-metal-doped SnS2. The average magnetic moment per Co atom, as high as 1.08 µB, is consistent with the calculated value based on density functional theory, i.e., 1 µB, indicating a negligible antiferromagnetic coupling between Co atoms. Magnetoresistance shows a change in sign from positive to negative, which further confirms the ferromagnetic order in Co-doped SnS2. Our s-p hybridized vdW layered SnS2 serves as a host semiconductor material to search for a suitable magnetic dopant with a high magnetic moment and room temperature TC for next-generation spintronics.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor suppresses immunity to oral squamous cell carcinoma through immune checkpoint regulation
Authors: Kenison Jessica E. , Wang Zhongyan , Yang Kangkang , Snyder Megan , Quintana Francisco J. , Sherr David H. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as critical therapeutics for several cancer types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, enthusiasm remains constrained by the fact that only a minority of patients benefit. Therefore, there is a need to identify new immunotherapy targets. Here, we provide evidence supporting our hypothesis that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) influences multiple immune checkpoints in a model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Remarkably, transplant of AhR-deleted OSCC cells generates completely protective tumor immunity characterized by a decrease in multiple immune checkpoints (PD-L1, CD39, CTLA4, PD1, and Lag3) on malignant and/or immune cells. These results have important implications for understanding the biology of cancer immunosuppression and for targeting the AhR for cancer immunotherapy.
No evidence for widespread island extinctions after Pleistocene hominin arrival
Authors: Louys Julien , Braje Todd J. , Chang Chun-Hsiang , Cosgrove Richard , Fitzpatrick Scott M. , Fujita Masaki , Hawkins Stuart , Ingicco Thomas , Kawamura Ai , MacPhee Ross D. E. , McDowell Matthew C. , Meijer Hanneke J. M. , Piper Philip J. , Roberts Patrick , Simmons Alan H. , van den Bergh Gerrit , van der Geer Alexandra , Kealy Shimona , O’Connor Sue 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceWe provide global assessment of the possible link between Pleistocene hominin arrival and island extinction. The existing records on islands around the world do not support a significant and detrimental impact on island biotas following island colonization prior to the Holocene. This suggests that models using island extinctions as evidence in support of anthropogenic megafaunal overhunting, or as extensions of continental-level extinctions, need to be reconsidered.
Hindbrain neuropore tissue geometry determines asymmetric cell-mediated closure dynamics in mouse embryos
Authors: Maniou Eirini , Staddon Michael F. , Marshall Abigail R. , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Copp Andrew J. , Banerjee Shiladitya , Galea Gabriel L. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Failure to biomechanically close the embryonic neural tube in the developing brain causes fatal anencephaly. Despite their clinical importance, which cellular force-generating mechanisms close the neural tube remains poorly understood. This interdisciplinary study combines morphometric analysis, mouse embryo live imaging, and in silico modeling to formally identify cellular behaviors which complete midbrain/hindbrain closure. Two cellular force-generating behaviors not previously appreciated to act in this context are identified: contractility of supracellular actomyosin purse strings around the gap and directional movement of cells toward the gap. Both these mechanisms are required to describe gap closure, and their resulting dynamics are substantially impacted by morphogenetically imposed tissue geometry. This work provides a broadly applicable biophysical framework underlying fatal failures of midbrain/hindbrain closure.
Comment on ‘The 5d → 6p EUV photoabsorption spectra of Pb II and Bi III: evidence of excited states’
Authors: Ryabtsev A N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is shown that the photoabsorption spectra of Pb II and Bi III reported by Lu et al (2020 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53 115001) can be almost fully explained by photoabsorption from the levels of the ground state configuration with little reference to the photoabsorption from the levels of the excited configurations.
Examining Traditional and Novel Validity Indicators from the Medical Symptom Validity Test Across Levels of Verbal and Visual Memory Impairment
Authors: Cerny Brian M , Resch Zachary J , Rhoads Tasha , Jennette Kyle J , Singh Palak G , Ovsiew Gabriel P , Soble Jason R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
This cross-sectional study examined accuracy of traditional Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) validity indicators, including immediate recognition (IR), delayed recognition (DR), and consistency (CNS), as well as a novel indicator derived from the mean performance on IR, DR, and CNS across verbal, visual, and combined learning and memory impairment bands.

Method
A sample of 180 adult outpatients was divided into valid (n = 150) and invalid (n = 30) groups based on results of four independent criterion performance validity tests. Verbal and visual learning and recall were classified as indicative of no impairment, mild impairment, or severe impairment based on performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, respectively.

Results
In general, individual MSVT subtests were able to accurately classify performance as valid or invalid, even in the context of severe learning and memory deficits. However, as verbal and visual memory impairment increased, optimal MSVT cut-scores diverged from manual-specified cutoffs such that DR and CNS required cut-scores to be lowered to maintain adequate specificity. By contrast, the newly proposed scoring algorithm generally showed more robust psychometric properties across the memory impairment bands.

Conclusions
The mean performance index, a novel scoring algorithm using the mean of the three primary MSVT subtests, may be a more robust validity indicator than the individual MSVT subtests in the context of bona fide memory impairment.
Bayesian information sharing enhances detection of regulatory associations in rare cell types
Authors: Wu Alexander P , Peng Jian , Berger Bonnie , Cho Hyunghoon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies promise to enable the study of gene regulatory associations at unprecedented resolution in diverse cellular contexts. However, identifying unique regulatory associations observed only in specific cell types or conditions remains a key challenge; this is particularly so for rare transcriptional states whose sample sizes are too small for existing gene regulatory network inference methods to be effective.

Results
We present ShareNet, a Bayesian framework for boosting the accuracy of cell type-specific gene regulatory networks by propagating information across related cell types via an information sharing structure that is adaptively optimized for a given single-cell dataset. The techniques we introduce can be used with a range of general network inference algorithms to enhance the output for each cell type. We demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of our approach on three benchmark scRNA-seq datasets. We find that our inferred cell type-specific networks also uncover key changes in gene associations that underpin the complex rewiring of regulatory networks across cell types, tissues and dynamic biological processes. Our work presents a path toward extracting deeper insights about cell type-specific gene regulation in the rapidly growing compendium of scRNA-seq datasets.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Availability and implementation
The code for ShareNet is available at http://sharenet.csail.mit.edu and https://github.com/alexw16/sharenet.
CLEP: a hybrid data- and knowledge-driven framework for generating patient representations
Authors: Bharadhwaj Vinay Srinivas , Ali Mehdi , Birkenbihl Colin , Mubeen Sarah , Lehmann Jens , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Hoyt Charles Tapley , Domingo-Fernández Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary
As machine learning and artificial intelligence increasingly attain a larger number of applications in the biomedical domain, at their core, their utility depends on the data used to train them. Due to the complexity and high dimensionality of biomedical data, there is a need for approaches that combine prior knowledge around known biological interactions with patient data. Here, we present CLinical Embedding of Patients (CLEP), a novel approach that generates new patient representations by leveraging both prior knowledge and patient-level data. First, given a patient-level dataset and a knowledge graph containing relations across features that can be mapped to the dataset, CLEP incorporates patients into the knowledge graph as new nodes connected to their most characteristic features. Next, CLEP employs knowledge graph embedding models to generate new patient representations that can ultimately be used for a variety of downstream tasks, ranging from clustering to classification. We demonstrate how using new patient representations generated by CLEP significantly improves performance in classifying between patients and healthy controls for a variety of machine learning models, as compared to the use of the original transcriptomics data. Furthermore, we also show how incorporating patients into a knowledge graph can foster the interpretation and identification of biological features characteristic of a specific disease or patient subgroup. Finally, we released CLEP as an open source Python package together with examples and documentation.

Availability and implementation
CLEP is available to the bioinformatics community as an open source Python package at https://github.com/hybrid-kg/clep under the Apache 2.0 License.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Early parietofrontal network upregulation relates to future persistent deficits after severe stroke—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Backhaus Winifried , Braaß Hanna , Higgen Focko L , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent brain imaging has evidenced that parietofrontal networks show alterations after stroke which also relate to motor recovery processes. There is converging evidence for an upregulation of parietofrontal coupling between parietal brain regions and frontal motor cortices. The majority of studies though have included only moderately to mildly affected patients, particularly in the subacute or chronic stage. Whether these network alterations will also be present in severely affected patients and early after stroke and whether such information can improve correlative models to infer motor recovery remains unclear. In this prospective cohort study, 19 severely affected first-ever stroke patients (mean age 74 years, 12 females) were analysed which underwent resting-state functional MRI and clinical testing during the initial week after the event. Clinical evaluation of neurological and motor impairment as well as global disability was repeated after three and six months. Nineteen healthy participants of similar age and gender were also recruited. MRI data were used to calculate functional connectivity values between the ipsilesional primary motor cortex, the ventral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area and the anterior and caudal intraparietal sulcus of the ipsilesional hemisphere. Linear regression models were estimated to compare parietofrontal functional connectivity between stroke patients and healthy controls and to relate them to motor recovery. The main finding was a significant increase in ipsilesional parietofrontal coupling between anterior intraparietal sulcus and the primary motor cortex in severely affected stroke patients (P &lt; 0.003). This upregulation significantly contributed to correlative models explaining variability in subsequent neurological and global disability as quantified by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale, respectively. Patients with increased parietofrontal coupling in the acute stage showed higher levels of persistent deficits in the late subacute stage of recovery (P &lt; 0.05). This study provides novel insights that parietofrontal networks of the ipsilesional hemisphere undergo neuroplastic alteration already very early after severe motor stroke. The association between early parietofrontal upregulation and future levels of persistent functional deficits and dependence from help in daily living might be useful in models to enhance clinical neurorehabilitative decision making.
Hemostatic materials in wound care
Authors: Yu Peiyu , Zhong Wen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBlood plays an essential role in the human body. Hemorrhage is a critical cause of both military and civilian casualties. The human body has its own hemostatic mechanism that involves complex processes and has limited capacity. However, in emergency situations such as battlefields and hospitals, when the hemostatic mechanism of the human body itself cannot stop bleeding effectively, hemostatic materials are needed for saving lives. In this review, the hemostatic mechanisms and performance of the most commonly used hemostatic materials, (including fibrin, collagen, zeolite, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, cellulose and cyanoacrylate) and the commercial wound dressings based on these materials, will be discussed. These materials may have limitations, such as poor tissue adhesion, risk of infection and exothermic reactions, that may lessen their hemostatic efficacy and cause secondary injuries. High-performance hemostatic materials, therefore, have been designed and developed to improve hemostatic efficiency in clinical use. In this review, hemostatic materials with advanced performances, such as antibacterial capacity, superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity, superelasticity, high porosity and/or biomimicry, will be introduced. Future prospects of hemostatic materials will also be discussed in this review.