bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affect-driven impact of paradoxical leadership on employee organizational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Chen Silu , Wang Zhi , Zhang Yu , Guo Kaili 
Published: November 2021

AbstractParadoxical leadership is an emerging leadership style which describes leadership behaviours that are ostensibly contradictory but in reality are interrelated and address workplace demands simultaneously and over time. The present study is based on affective events theory (AET), which states that occurrences or events at work result in prompt positive or negative affect in employees. The purpose of the study is to examine the mediating role of positive affect on the relationship between paradoxical leadership and employee organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). We also examine the moderating role of procedural fairness on the relationship between employee positive affect and OCB. Data collected in two phases in small- and medium-sized Chinese companies indicate that positive affect fully mediates the relationship between paradoxical leadership and employee OCB, and this relationship was found to be stronger when procedural fairness was higher rather than lower. We provide theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
EVIDENCE OF MASS MORTALITY OF THE LONG-LIVED BIVALVE MERCENARIA STIMPSONI CAUSED BY A CATASTROPHIC TSUNAMI
Authors: Kubota Kaoru , Shirai Kotaro , Murakami-Sugihara Naoko , Seike Koji , Minami Masayo , Nakamura Toshio , Tanabe Kazushige 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTTsunamis are huge disasters that can significantly damage benthic organisms and the sea-bottom environment in coastal areas. It is of great ecological importance to understand how benthic ecosystems respond to such destructive forces and how individual species are affected. Investigating the effect of such disasters on animals that are seldom caught alive is particularly difficult. Bivalve mollusks are especially suitable for investigating how a tsunami affects coastal benthic species because they preserve an environmental record in their shells that can be extended back in time by crossdating the records of multiple individuals. Here we studied dead shells of Mercenaria stimpsoni, a long-lived clam, and precisely determined the time of death by using nuclear bomb–induced radiocarbon (bomb-14C) and by counting annual growth increments. First, a quasi-continuous, regional bomb-14C record was created by analyzing the shells of 6 live-caught M. stimpsoni individuals. Then 27 dead shells collected from the seafloor of Funakoshi Bay were 14C-dated and analyzed. The results showed that the huge tsunami that struck northeastern Japan on 11 March 2011 caused mass mortality of this bivalve in Funakoshi Bay. Nine of the 27 clams died during the March 2011 tsunami, probably by starvation after burial by tsunami deposits or exposure above the seafloor as a result of sediment liquefaction during the earthquake. The dating method used in this study can help us understand how long-lived marine organisms with low population density are affected by huge natural disasters such as a tsunami.
Associations between dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in older adults in New Zealand: the REACH study
Authors: Mumme Karen D. , Conlon Cathryn , von Hurst Pamela R. , Jones Beatrix , de Seymour Jamie V. , Stonehouse Welma , Heath Anne-Louise , Coad Jane , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal F. , Mugridge Owen , Slade Cassandra , Beck Kathryn L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome is common in older adults and may be modified by the diet. The aim of this study was to examine associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in an older New Zealand population. The REACH study (Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health) included 366 participants (aged 65–74 years, 36 % male) living independently in Auckland, New Zealand. Dietary data were collected using a 109-item FFQ with demonstrated validity and reproducibility for assessing dietary patterns using principal component analysis. The metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Associations between dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, physical activity, and energy intake were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Three dietary patterns explained 18 % of dietary intake variation – ‘Mediterranean style’ (salad/leafy cruciferous/other vegetables, avocados/olives, alliums, nuts/seeds, shellfish and white/oily fish, berries), ‘prudent’ (dried/fresh/frozen legumes, soya-based foods, whole grains and carrots) and ‘Western’ (processed meat/fish, sauces/condiments, cakes/biscuits/puddings and meat pies/hot chips). No associations were seen between ‘Mediterranean style’ (OR = 0·75 (95 % CI 0·53, 1·06), P = 0·11) or ‘prudent’ (OR = 1·17 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·59), P = 0·35) patterns and the metabolic syndrome after co-variate adjustment. The ‘Western’ pattern was positively associated with the metabolic syndrome (OR = 1·67 (95 % CI 1·08, 2·63), P = 0·02). There was also a small association between an index of multiple deprivation (OR = 1·04 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·06), P < 0·001) and the metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study provides further support for a Western dietary pattern being a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome in an older population.
Why do we need another book about unbounded dependencies? A review article on Chaves & Putnam’sUnbounded Dependency Constructions
Authors: BORSLEY ROBERT D. 
Published: November 2021

Unbounded dependencies (UDs), inwh-interrogatives, relative clauses and other constructions, have been a major focus of syntactic research for more than half a century. The most widely assumed approach analyzes them in terms of movement and views island phenomena as largely a matter of syntax. Both these positions are problematic. Moreover, they stem from assumptions that have been at the heart of syntactic theorizing for many decades. Chaves and Putnam present evidence that both the dominant approach to UDs and the general approach to syntax from which it derives are flawed. They argue for a non-movement approach to UDs and a largely non-syntactic approach to island phenomena, and for an approach to syntax which has the relation between linguistic knowledge and language use and the complexity of acceptability judgements as central concerns. Their book is an important one that could have a major impact both on research on UDs and on syntactic research more generally.
Association between food insecurity and major depressive episodes amid Covid-19 pandemic: results of four consecutive epidemiological surveys from southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pozza , Schäfer Antônio Augusto , Meller Fernanda Oliveira , Crochemore-Silva Inacio , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Harter Jenifer , Pellegrini Débora da Cruz Payão , Loret de Mola Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the association between household food insecurity (FI) and major depressive episodes (MDE) amid Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil.Design:Cross-sectional study carried out with data from four consecutive population-based studies.Setting:The study was conducted between May and June 2020, in Bagé, a Brazilian southern city. Household FI was measured using the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Utilising the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, we used two different approaches to define MDE: the cut-off point of ≥ 9 and the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Association between FI and MDE was analysed using crude and adjusted Poisson regression models.Participants:1550 adults (≥ 20 years old).Results:The prevalence of household FI was 29·4 % (95 % CI 25·0, 34·4). MDE prevalence varied from 4·4 % (95 % CI 3·1, 6·0), when we used the DSM-IV-TR criteria to define this condition, to 9·6 % (95 % CI 7·3, 12·5) of the sample, when we used the cut-off point of ≥ 9 as definition. The prevalence of MDE was more than two times higher in those individuals living with FI, independent of the criteria adopted to define the outcome. Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the association’s magnitude.Conclusions:Household FI has been positively associated with MDE amid Covid-19 pandemic, independent of socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Actions are needed to warrant basic living conditions to avoid FI and hunger and its consequences for the Brazilian population, especially those consequences linked to mental health disorders.
Empirical path loss models for 5G wireless sensor network in coastal pebble/sand environments
Authors: Basyigit Ibrahim Bahadir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPropagation modeling of small/big pebbles and air-dry/wet sand environments for wireless sensor networks has not been extensively studied in the 5G frequency band. This study is necessary for the proper coverage planning and efficient operation of wireless sensors in various applications such as monitoring summer sporting activities, and environmental/ground surveillance on coastal pebble/sand environments, or tracking pebble mobility and including the rescue of the flood-type avalanche in Gravel-Bed Rivers. In this study, empirical path loss models are proposed for wireless sensor networks in pebble/sand environments at two discrete frequencies, namely 3.5 and 4.2 GHz. The theoretical models and proposed models are compared to indicate the accuracy of proposed models in predicting the path loss in these environments. Additionally, R-squared and RMSE values of eight different generated models are calculated in the range of 0.931–0.877 and 2.284–2.837, respectively. These comparisons indicate that empirical model parameters have a significant effect on the path loss model.
Warm and Cold Episodes in Western Pacific Warm Pool and Their Linkage With ENSO Asymmetry and Diversity
Authors: Chen Hui , Shi Jian , Jin Yishuai , Geng Tao , Li Chun , Zhang Xingzhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the role of temperature anomalies over the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) in the asymmetry and diversity of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. Based on observations, we select 12 cold and 13 warm WPWP episodes averaged over July to October. Using composite analyses, we reveal that the occurrence probability of El Niño events is much larger following the cold episodes than that of La Niña events related to warm episodes. The main reason for the different frequencies is that the westerlies associated with cold episodes are stronger and located eastwards than the easterlies for warm episodes, exerting more effective influences on the sea surface temperature in central‐eastern equatorial Pacific through Bjerknes feedback. As for intensity, the El Niño events tend to be stronger when the cold anomalies over WPWP are stronger, evidenced by both observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations. The warming rate from July to October for El Niño events following cold episodes is three times greater than that of other historical events, denoting a prominent contribution from WPWP to the quick development of El Niño. Furthermore, we highlight the implication of WPWP on El Niño diversity with a greater probability of EP‐type El Niño under a colder WPWP state and successive westerly wind bursts. As such, the cold state of WPWP can provide an effective modification for the earlier operational prediction on El Niño intensity and flavors. On the contrary, the warm WPWP state may not be useful for future La Niña alerts.
The role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology and clinical management
Authors: Zhang Wuwen , Wang Qinshi , Yang Yi , Zhou Siyuan , Zhang Ping , Feng Tongbao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExosomes play a vital role in cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in cancer development and are involved in multiple processes, including cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunomodulation. Changes in the levels of exosomal lncRNAs often appear with the occurrence and development of cancer. Therefore, exosomal lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Exosomal lncRNAs can also indicate the treatment response of patients receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, exosomal lncRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology as well as in clinical management. A more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer may help us better understand the mechanism of cancer development and clinically manage cancer patients.
Gabapentin and pregabalin in bipolar disorder, anxiety states, and insomnia: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and rationale
Authors: Hong James S. W. , Atkinson Lauren Z. , Al-Juffali Noura , Awad Amine , Geddes John R. , Tunbridge Elizabeth M. , Harrison Paul J. , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe gabapentinoids, gabapentin, and pregabalin, target the α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels. Initially licensed for pain and seizures, they have become widely prescribed drugs. Many of these uses are off-label for psychiatric indications, and there is increasing concern about their safety, so it is particularly important to have good evidence to justify this usage. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for three of their common psychiatric uses: bipolar disorder, anxiety, and insomnia. Fifty-five double-blind randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 15 open-label studies were identified. For bipolar disorder, four double-blind RCTs investigating gabapentin, and no double-blind RCTs investigating pregabalin, were identified. A quantitative synthesis could not be performed due to heterogeneity in the study population, design and outcome measures. Across the anxiety spectrum, a consistent but not universal effect in favour of gabapentinoids compared to placebo was seen (standardised mean difference [SMD] ranging between -2.25 and -0.25). Notably, pregabalin (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.18) and gabapentin (SMD -0.92, 95% CI -1.32 to -0.52) were more effective than placebo in reducing preoperative anxiety. In insomnia, results were inconclusive. We conclude that there is moderate evidence of the efficacy of gabapentinoids in anxiety states, but minimal evidence in bipolar disorder and insomnia and they should be used for these disorders only with strong justification. This recommendation applies despite the attractive pharmacological and genetic rationale for targeting voltage-gated calcium channels.
Geometric network analysis provides prognostic information in patients with high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Elkin Rena , Oh Jung Hun , Liu Ying L. , Selenica Pier , Weigelt Britta , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Zamarin Dmitriy , Deasy Joseph O. , Norton Larry , Levine Arnold J. , Tannenbaum Allen R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNetwork analysis methods can potentially quantify cancer aberrations in gene networks without introducing fitted parameters or variable selection. A new network curvature-based method is introduced to provide an integrated measure of variability within cancer gene networks. The method is applied to high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and to rank key genes associated with prognosis. Copy number alterations (CNAs) from targeted and whole-exome sequencing data were extracted for HGSOC patients (n = 45) treated with ICIs. CNAs at a gene level were represented on a protein–protein interaction network to define patient-specific networks with a fixed topology. A version of Ollivier–Ricci curvature was used to identify genes that play a potentially key role in response to immunotherapy and further to stratify patients at high risk of mortality. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from the start of ICI treatment to either death or last follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test was performed to assess OS between the high and low curvature classified groups. The network curvature analysis stratified patients at high risk of mortality with p = 0.00047 in Kaplan–Meier analysis in HGSOC patients receiving ICI. Genes with high curvature were in accordance with CNAs relevant to ovarian cancer. Network curvature using CNAs has the potential to be a novel predictor for OS in HGSOC patients treated with immunotherapy.
Global phylogeny of Treponema pallidum lineages reveals recent expansion and spread of contemporary syphilis
Authors: Beale Mathew A. , Marks Michael , Cole Michelle J. , Lee Min-Kuang , Pitt Rachel , Ruis Christopher , Balla Eszter , Crucitti Tania , Ewens Michael , Fernández-Naval Candela , Grankvist Anna , Guiver Malcolm , Kenyon Chris R. , Khairullin Rafil , Kularatne Ranmini , Arando Maider , Molini Barbara J. , Obukhov Andrey , Page Emma E. , Petrovay Fruzsina , Rietmeijer Cornelis , Rowley Dominic , Shokoples Sandy , Smit Erasmus , Sweeney Emma L. , Taiaroa George , Vera Jaime H. , Wennerås Christine , Whiley David M. , Williamson Deborah A. , Hughes Gwenda , Naidu Prenilla , Unemo Magnus , Krajden Mel , Lukehart Sheila A. , Morshed Muhammad G. , Fifer Helen , Thomson Nicholas R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSyphilis, which is caused by the sexually transmitted bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, has an estimated 6.3 million cases worldwide per annum. In the past ten years, the incidence of syphilis has increased by more than 150% in some high-income countries, but the evolution and epidemiology of the epidemic are poorly understood. To characterize the global population structure of T. pallidum, we assembled a geographically and temporally diverse collection of 726 genomes from 626 clinical and 100 laboratory samples collected in 23 countries. We applied phylogenetic analyses and clustering, and found that the global syphilis population comprises just two deeply branching lineages, Nichols and SS14. Both lineages are currently circulating in 12 of the 23 countries sampled. We subdivided T. p.pallidum into 17 distinct sublineages to provide further phylodynamic resolution. Importantly, two Nichols sublineages have expanded clonally across 9 countries contemporaneously with SS14. Moreover, pairwise genome analyses revealed examples of isolates collected within the last 20 years from 14 different countries that had genetically identical core genomes, which might indicate frequent exchange through international transmission. It is striking that most samples collected before 1983 are phylogenetically distinct from more recently isolated sublineages. Using Bayesian temporal analysis, we detected a population bottleneck occurring during the late 1990s, followed by rapid population expansion in the 2000s that was driven by the dominant T. pallidum sublineages circulating today. This expansion may be linked to changing epidemiology, immune evasion or fitness under antimicrobial selection pressure, since many of the contemporary syphilis lineages we have characterized are resistant to macrolides.
The unusual cell wall of the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi is shaped by a tick sugar
Authors: DeHart Tanner G. , Kushelman Mara R. , Hildreth Sherry B. , Helm Richard F. , Jutras Brandon L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeptidoglycan—a mesh sac of glycans that are linked by peptides—is the main component of bacterial cell walls. Peptidoglycan provides structural strength, protects cells from osmotic pressure and contributes to shape. All bacterial glycans are repeating disaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) β-(1–4)-linked to N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-borne Lyme disease pathogen, produces glycan chains in which MurNAc is occasionally replaced with an unknown sugar. Nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy and genetic analyses show that B. burgdorferi produces glycans that contain GlcNAc–GlcNAc. This unusual disaccharide is chitobiose, a component of its chitinous tick vector. Mutant bacteria that are auxotrophic for chitobiose have altered morphology, reduced motility and cell envelope defects that probably result from producing peptidoglycan that is stiffer than that in wild-type bacteria. We propose that the peptidoglycan of B. burgdorferi probably evolved by adaptation to obligate parasitization of a tick vector, resulting in a biophysical cell-wall alteration to withstand the atypical torque associated with twisting motility.
The genome of the diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus carries an ancient integrated fragment of an extant virus
Authors: Hongo Yuki , Kimura Kei , Takaki Yoshihiro , Yoshida Yukari , Baba Shuichiro , Kobayashi Genta , Nagasaki Keizo , Hano Takeshi , Tomaru Yuji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiatoms are one of the most prominent oceanic primary producers and are now recognized to be distributed throughout the world. They maintain their population despite predators, infections, and unfavourable environmental conditions. One of the smallest diatoms, Chaetoceros tenuissimus, can coexist with infectious viruses during blooms. To further understand this relationship, we sequenced the C. tenuissimus strain NIES-3715 genome. A gene fragment of a replication-associated gene from the infectious ssDNA virus (designated endogenous virus-like fragment, EVLF) was found to be integrated into each 41 Mb of haploid assembly. In addition, the EVLF was transcriptionally active and conserved in nine other C. tenuissimus strains from different geographical areas, although the primary structures of their proteins varied. The phylogenetic tree further suggested that the EVLF was acquired by the ancestor of C. tenuissimus. Additionally, retrotransposon genes possessing a reverse transcriptase function were more abundant in C. tenuissimus than in Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Moreover, a target site duplication, a hallmark for long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons, flanked the EVLF. Therefore, the EVLF was likely integrated by a retrotransposon during viral infection. The present study provides further insights into the diatom-virus evolutionary relationship.
Highly diastereoselective cascade [5 + 1] double Michael reaction, a route for the synthesis of spiro(thio)oxindoles
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Saberi Vahid , Karimi Ashkan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe first diastereoselective synthesis of spirothiooxindoles is reported via the Michael reaction between thiooxindoles and dibenzalacetones. The reaction was conducted without any catalyst or additive under green conditions, i.e., ethanol as the solvent and at room temperature. In addition, the described robust method benefits from scalability, simple work-up, and column chromatography-free purification. This work demonstrates the art of governing regio- and stereoselectivity, which has been discussed in the light of Density Functional Theory calculations. Our method represents the first synthesis of spiro[cyclohexanone-thiooxindoles] with the relative configuration of the aryl moieties at the cyclohexanone ring as cis. The obtained cis-spirothiooxindoles, can be used to afford cis-spirooxindoles, which their synthesis had not been explored before. According to our molecular docking studies, cis-spirooxindoles demonstrate higher binding affinities than corresponding trans-spirooxindoles for the OPRT domain of the Leishmania donovani uridine 5′-monophosphate synthase (LdUMPS). Thus, the reported method may eventually be utilized to develop new hit compounds for leishmaniasis treatment.