bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of probiotics administration on the gut microbiome in adolescents with anorexia nervosa—A study protocol for a longitudinal, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Gröbner Eva‐Maria , Zeiler Michael , Fischmeister Florian Ph. S. , Kollndorfer Kathrin , Schmelz Sonja , Schneider Andrea , Haid‐Stecher Nina , Sevecke Kathrin , Wagner Gudrun , Keller Lara , Adan Roger , Danner Unna , van Elburg Annemarie , van der Vijgh Benny , Kooij Karlijn Liselotte , Fetissov Serguei , Andreani Nadia A. , Baines John F. , Dempfle Astrid , Seitz Jochen , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Karwautz Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveKnowledge on gut–brain interaction might help to develop new therapies for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), as severe starvation‐induced changes of the microbiome (MI) do not normalise with weight gain. We examine the effects of probiotics supplementation on the gut MI in patients with AN.MethodThis is a study protocol for a two‐centre double‐blind randomized‐controlled trial comparing the clinical efficacy of multistrain probiotic administration in addition to treatment‐as‐usual compared to placebo in 60 patients with AN (13–19 years). Moreover, 60 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls are included in order to record development‐related changes. Assessments are conducted at baseline, discharge, 6 and 12 months after baseline. Assessments include measures of body mass index, psychopathology (including eating‐disorder‐related psychopathology, depression and anxiety), neuropsychological measures, serum and stool analyses. We hypothesise that probiotic administration will have positive effects on the gut microbiota and the treatment of AN by improvement of weight gain, gastrointestinal complaints and psychopathology, and reduction of inflammatory processes compared to placebo.ConclusionsIf probiotics could help to normalise the MI composition, reduce inflammation and gastrointestinal discomfort and increase body weight, its administration would be a readily applicable additional component of multi‐modal AN treatment.
Induced magnetic field effect on MHD free convection flow in nonconducting and conducting vertical microchannel walls
Authors: Shankar Goud Bejawada , Pramod Kumar Patlolla , Malga Bala Siddulu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current examination employs a numerical analysis to ascertain the effect of the Eckert number along with the Prandtl number on a magnetohydrodynamic natural convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in which it is electrically conducting, passing through a perpendicular microchannel. Conduction along with non‐conducting immeasurable perpendicular walls within the existence of temperature and velocity slip at the microchannel is analyzed. The induced magnetic field (IMF) generated by the motion of an electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is considered. The momentum and induction equations are coupled in the presence of an induced magnetic field. A set of similar variables are used to convert the governing set of equations to nonlinear‐coupled ordinary differential equations. With the aid of MATLAB in built solver is carried out to get the numerical solutions. The influences of Hartman number, Prandtl number, and Eckert number along with some physical parameters are explained through graphs. The results indicate that increasing the Hartmann and magnetic Prandtl numbers results in a significant decrease in volume flow rate.
Minimally invasive meshless and minimal dissection ligament fixation system for apical organ prolapse procedures: A 4‐year prospective follow up study
Authors: Ben Zvi Masha , Weintraub Adi Y. , Friedman Talia , Neuman Menahem , Tsivian Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveEnPlace™ (formerly named NeuGuide™) is a minimally invasive meshless anchoring system for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair designed to provide centro‐apical pelvic floor support. We present a 4‐year prospective follow up evaluation of this repair system.MethodsThis was a single‐center longitudinal prospective study of women with advanced POP who underwent pelvic floor apical repair using EnPlace™ with at least 4 years of follow‐up. The primary outcome was surgical success defined as anatomical success, no symptoms of vaginal bulging and no need for re‐treatment. A standardized validated questionnaire to assess symptom burden was used.ResultsFifteen women were enrolled in the study. Two patients were lost to follow‐up. The median follow‐up was 51 months (range 42–57) with a surgical success rate of 92.3%. One patient (7.7%) reported symptoms of vaginal vault prolapse and underwent a repeated prolapse surgery. Using the UDI‐6 questionnaire, an improvement in all domains was seen.ConclusionThe 4‐year prospective follow up suggests that apical repair using the EnPlace™ device may be considered safe and effective for sacrospinous ligament fixation with a sustainable long‐term success. This procedure is a minimally invasive meshless addition to pelvic surgeon's armamentarium.
Worldwide prevalence of microbial agents’ coinfection among COVID‐19 patients: A comprehensive updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pakzad Reza , Malekifar Pooneh , Shateri Zainab , Zandi Milad , Akhavan Rezayat Sara , Soleymani Maral , Karimi Mohammad Reza , Ahmadi Seyed Esmaeil , Shahbahrami Ramin , Pakzad Iraj , Abdi Fatemeh , Farahani Abbas , Soltani Saber , Kesheh Mina Mobini , Hosseini Parastoo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo provide information about pathogens’ coinfection prevalence with SARS‐CoV‐2 could be a real help to save patients’ lives. This study aims to evaluate the pathogens’ coinfection prevalence among COVID‐19 patients.MethodIn order to find all of the relevant articles, we used systematic search approach. Research‐based databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, without language restrictions, were searched to identify the relevant bacterial, fungal, and viral coinfections among COVID‐19 cases from December 1, 2019, to August 23, 2021. In order to dig deeper, other scientific repositories such as Medrxiv were probed.ResultsA total of 13,023 studies were found through systematic search. After thorough analysis, only 64 studies with 61,547 patients were included in the study. The most common causative agents of coinfection among COVID‐19 patients were bacteria (pooled prevalence: 20.97%; 95% CI: 15.95–26.46; I2: 99.9%) and less frequent were virus coinfections (pooled prevalence: 12.58%; 95% CI: 7.31–18.96; I2: 98.7%). The pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections was also 12.60% (95% CI: 7.84–17.36; I2: 98.3%). Meta‐regression analysis showed that the age sample size and WHO geographic region did not influenced heterogeneity.ConclusionWe identified a high prevalence of pathogenic microorganism coinfection among COVID‐19 patients. Because of this rate of coinfection empirical use of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral treatment are advisable specifically at the early stage of COVID‐19 infection. We also suggest running simultaneously diagnostic tests to identify other microbiological agents’ coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2.
An approach to developing oral health knowledge for allied health students
Authors: de Sam Lazaro Stephanie L. , Karger Taylor R. , Despres Brittanee R. , McPherson Rachel C. , Minor Ellen J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral health competency‐based education approaches have been proposed as a mechanism to address oral health outcomes and equity issues. Recommendations for oral health education for allied health professional students include practices to increase team members’ knowledge and skills in the integration of oral health and primary care practice (IOHPCP) initiative's oral health clinical competencies for primary care providers.AimsThis study aimed to examine changes in self‐reported knowledge of occupational students in the topics of oral health, the dental profession, and dental healthcare systems following participation in a series of webinars and a community‐engaged learning project.Materials and MethodsThis study utilized an oral health education program through webinars and a community‐engaged learning project for occupational therapy students. Program evaluation measures were utilized to assess the oral health education activities through self‐reported knowledge in oral health topics aligned with IOHPCP domains along with topics identified by the community partner organization.ResultsFindings demonstrate that asynchronous webinars can increase self‐reported knowledge in occupational therapy students.DiscussionRecommendations for inclusion of oral health education for allied health students related to knowledge of oral health, the dental profession, and dental healthcare systems are shared.ConclusionsAsynchronous webinars have the potential to increase self‐reported oral health knowledge for allied health professionals.
A new method for detecting micro‐fragments of biodegradable mulch films containing poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) in soil
Authors: Wortman Sam E. , Jeske Elizabeth , Samuelson Mitchell B. , Drijber Rhae 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiodegradable mulch (BDM) is a potentially sustainable alternative to polyethylene plastic mulch film for intensive crop production. Certified BDMs must demonstrate >90% biodegradation in compost and agricultural soil, but the environmental fate of BDM micro‐fragments is usually not measured. While using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis to study changes in soil microbial communities under different BDMs and management conditions, two peaks were detected by gas chromatography that were derived from a BDM containing poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT). The largest peak was identified as 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester, or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). The smaller peak was hexanedioic acid dimethyl ester or dimethyl adipate. From this observation we hypothesized that the FAME method could be used to detect and quantify micro‐fragments (<5 mm in length) of PBAT‐containing BDM in soil. To test this, fragments of two commercially available BDMs were added to soil and extracted for FAME analyses. Linear relationships were observed between DMT and mulch mass added to soil for both BDMs when the initial mass of fragments was <3.5 mg (r2 > .99). Based on our findings, the FAME method could be redeployed to study the environmental fate and possible accumulation of BDM micro‐fragments in soil over time.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging for segmentation and white matter extraction of the hypothalamus
Authors: Spindler Melanie , Thiel Christiane M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the hypothalamus is involved in many neuroendocrine, metabolic, and affective disorders, detailed hypothalamic imaging has become of major interest to better characterize disease‐induced tissue damages and abnormalities. Still, image contrast of conventional anatomical magnetic resonance imaging lacks morphological detail, thus complicating complete and precise segmentation of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus' position lateral to the third ventricle and close proximity to white matter tracts including the optic tract, fornix, and mammillothalamic tract display one of the remaining shortcomings of hypothalamic segmentation, as reliable exclusion of white matter is not yet possible. Recent studies found that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), a method to create maps of different standardized tissue contents, improved segmentation of cortical and subcortical brain regions. So far, this has not been tested for the hypothalamus. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the usability of qMRI and diffusion MRI for the purpose of detailed and reproducible manual segmentation of the hypothalamus and data‐driven white matter extraction and compared our results to recent state‐of‐the‐art segmentations. Our results show that qMRI presents good contrast for delineation of the hypothalamus and white matter, and that the properties of these images differ between subunits, such that they can be used to reliably exclude white matter from hypothalamic tissue. We propose that qMRI poses a useful addition to detailed hypothalamic segmentation and volumetry.
Streamflow variability in the past four centuries for the largest tributary of the Yellow River and its teleconnection with large‐scale climate forcing
Authors: Bao Guang , Liu Na , Wu Maili , Liu Zhiye 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding long‐term hydroclimate change and its evolution mechanism is beneficial to hydrological assessments and future planning in the Weihe River Basin, a region affected by the East Asian monsoon, as well as addressing increasing concerns about water resources due to social and economic development. The average June–July streamflow reconstruction was performed for the period from 1592 to 1988 for the Weihe River, based on the common growth responses relating tree‐ring width, minimum density and hydrological variables, as inferred from the first principal component series of tree‐ring width and density. The statistical results of calibration and verification confirmed that our model was credible and could explain 47.2% of the variance in the calibration period from 1937 to 1970. According to the criteria of one standard deviation less or greater than the mean value, 59 extremely low flow years and 62 high flow years were identified, accounting for 14.86% and 15.62%, respectively, of the past 397‐year hydrological reconstruction. Severe dryness and wetness periods were in good agreement with other hydrological records in the basin, suggesting the coherence of hydroclimate changes at the basin scale, including extreme drought events from the 1920s to 1930s. The reconstructed streamflow had significant interannual and interdecadal periodic signals associated with spatial correlations with sea surface temperatures in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, indicating the relationships between hydrological variations in the Weihe River and the natural forcing related to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole pattern, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Our results provide new evidence for the potential of hydrological research using multiple tree‐ring indicators, such as tree‐ring width and minimum density, in the semiarid and semihumid areas of central China.
Ultrasound Pressure Estimation for Diagnosing Portal Hypertension in Patients Undergoing Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Machado Priscilla , Gupta Ipshita , Fenkel Jonathan M. , Gummadi Sriharsha , Stanczak Maria , Wessner Corinne E. , Shaw Colette M. , Schultz Susan , Soulen Michael C. , Wallace Kirk , Eisenbrey John R. , Forsberg Flemming 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesHepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is considered the standard in quantifying portal hypertension, but can be unreliable in dialysis patients. A noninvasive ultrasound technique, subharmonic‐aided pressure estimation (SHAPE), may be a valuable surrogate of these pressure estimates. This study compared SHAPE and HVPG with pathology findings for fibrosis in dialysis patients.MethodsThis was a subgroup study from an IRB‐approved trial that included 20 patients on dialysis undergoing SHAPE examinations of portal and hepatic veins using a modified Logiq 9 scanner (GE, Waukesha, WI), during infusion of Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway). SHAPE was compared to HVPG and pathology findings using the Ludwig‐Batts scoring system for fibrosis. Logistic regression, ROC analysis, and t‐tests were used to compare HVPG and SHAPE with pathological findings of fibrosis.ResultsOf 20 cases, 5 had HVPG values corresponding to subclinical and clinical portal hypertension (≥6 and ≥10 mmHg, respectively) while 15 had normal HVPG values (≤5 mmHg). SHAPE and HVPG correlated moderately (r = 0.45; P = .047). SHAPE showed a trend toward correlating with fibrosis (r = 0.42; P = .068), while HVPG did not (r = 0.18; P = .45). SHAPE could differentiate between mild (stage 0–1) and moderate to severe (stage 2–4) fibrosis (−10.4 ± 4.9 dB versus −5.4 ± 3.2 dB; P = .035), HVPG could not (3.0 ± 0.6 mmHg versus 4.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; P = .30). ROC curves showed a diagnostic accuracy for SHAPE of 80%, while HVPG reached 76%.ConclusionLiver fibrosis staging in dialysis patients evaluated for portal hypertension appears to be more accurately predicted by SHAPE than by HVPG; albeit in a small sample size.
Impact of In Utero Folate Exposure on DNA Methylation and Its Potential Relevance for Later‐Life Health—Evidence from Mouse Models Translated to Human Cohorts
Authors: Kok Dieuwertje E. , Richmond Rebecca C. , Adriaens Michiel , Evelo Chris T. , Ford Dianne , Mathers John C. , Robinson Natassia , McKay Jill A. 
Published: December 2021

ScopePersistent DNA methylation changes may mediate effects of early‐life exposures on later‐life health. Human lifespan is challenging for prospective studies, therefore data from longitudinal studies are limited. Projecting data from mouse models of early‐life exposure to human studies offers a tool to address this challenge.Methods and ResultsC57BL/6J mice were fed low/normal folate diets before and during pregnancy and lactation. Genome‐wide promoter methylation was measured in male offspring livers at 17.5 days gestation and 28 weeks. Eight promoters were concurrently hypermethylated by folate depletion in fetuses and adults (>1.10 fold‐change; p < 0.05). Processes/pathways potentially influenced by global changes, and function of these eight genes, suggest neurocognitive effects. Human observational and randomized controlled trial data were interrogated for translation. Methylation at birth was inversely associated with maternal plasma folate in six genes (−1.15% to −0.16% per nmol L−1; p < 0.05), while maternal folic acid supplementation was associated with differential methylation of four genes in adulthood. Three CpGs were persistently hypermethylated with lower maternal folate (p = 0.04).ConclusionSome persistent folate‐induced methylation changes in mice are mirrored in humans. This demonstrates utility of mouse data in identifying human loci for interrogation as biomarkers of later‐life health.
Leitfähig und verformbar – Flüssigmetalle
Authors: Wang Stephan , Stadler Florian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEine Reihe Legierungen sind bei Raumtemperatur flüssig und vereinen so die Eigenschaften von Metallen und Flüssigkeiten. Anders als das flüssige Metall Quecksilber sind sie ungiftig. Damit sind sie gut handhabbar und eignen sich beispielsweise für elektronische Bauteile.
Global exponential stability results for the host‐parasitoid model of sugarcane borer in stochastic environment with impulsive effects via non‐fragile control: An LMI approach
Authors: Joseph Dianavinnarasi , Ramachandran Raja , Alzabut Jehad , Cao Jinde , Niezabitowski Michal , Lim Chee Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate how the random environmental fluctuations affect the interplay between the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) and its egg parasitoid (Trichogramma galloi). In order to procure an optimal control input, we considered the uncertainties in the control agent that leads to a non‐fragile control synthesis. Due to the existence of a stochastic environment and uncertainties in the control agent, the impulsive biological control is introduced to stabilize the situation. By means of the classical Lyapunov method, a new sufficient condition for exponential stability of our proposed population model through non‐fragile control and impulsive biological control is established. With the assistance of linear matrix inequality (LMI) solvers, non‐fragile controllers can be obtained effortlessly. In addition, we provide simulation studies that are primarily based on the sugarcane borer system to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of our proposed model.
Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite with graphene enhanced interlayer bond toward ultra‐high mechanical properties
Authors: Parandoush Pedram , Li Xuemu , Chang Baoning , Sorensen Christopher M. , Shi Jing , Liu Yuan , Lin Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContinuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) exhibiting superior mechanical properties have emerged as high‐performance engineering materials for various industrial applications. Additive manufacturing (AM) of CFRPCs enables production of customized structures with superior mechanical properties at a low cost and has gained tremendous popularity. In the present study, a novel AM technique namely laser‐assisted laminated object manufacturing (LA‐LOM) is proposed for producing CFRPCs using prepreg sheets with continuous carbon fiber reinforcement. The interfacial properties of the bonded prepreg sheets are critical for the performance of the additively manufactured CFRPCs. We further introduce graphene as a modifier between the prepreg sheets to improve the mechanical properties of the CFRPCs. It is shown that low porosity (0.38%), high concentrations of continuous carbon fibers (63 wt. %), and improved interfacial bonding strength contribute to excellent mechanical properties. For the composite structure ([0°]s fiber arrangements), in which 0.5 mg/ml graphene is introduced as interface modifier, the lap shear strength, tensile strength, and tensile modulus are 18 MPa, 2940 MPa, and 170 GPa, respectively, and the flexural strength and modulus are 1310 MPa and 140 GPa, respectively. The tensile strength and modulus outperform all AM‐produced structures reported in literature, including carbon fiber composites and metals and metal alloys. Meanwhile, the increases are observed in the lap shear strength by 25%, flexural strength by 10%, and flexural modulus by 27%, as well as tensile strength by 7% and modulus by 6%, compared to specimens without graphene reinforcement. This composite architecture design, involving laminated continuous carbon fiber reinforced prepreg sheets and graphene‐modified interfaces, provides a readily scalable manufacturing method toward excellent properties and this method can be further explored in industrial applications.
An ecologically valid understanding of executive functioning
Authors: Monteiro Elissa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExecutive functioning (EF) is an overarching term that encompasses a wide range of neuropsychological processes including inhibition, set shifting, cognitive flexibility, organization, planning, self‐monitoring, working memory, following rules, emotional control, and self‐regulation that enable physical, cognitive, and emotional self‐control. There is a wealth of evidence to suggest EF ability is linked to several salient life skills for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) like social skills, self‐regulation, organization, and time management. Given the broad definition of EF, it is important to understand EF as experienced by individuals with ASD in the context of their experience at school and during interactions at home and community. Are we measuring a construct relevant for individuals with ASD to function appropriately and successfully in their day to day lives?