bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the characteristics of the dual-band electromagnetic induction transparent-like terahertz spectrum in a grating-like structure
Authors: Zhao Chaoying , Hu Jiahao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new structure is proposed which is expected to realize a dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect in the terahertz spectrum. It can be regarded as a metamaterial of grating-like elements composed of dual-band U-shaped resonators. The near-field coupling between bright modes can produce an EIT-like effect. After optimizing the parameters, our numerical simulated results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The EIT-like effect can significantly reduce the group speed near the transparent window, and may gain more significant potential applications in slow-light transmission and optical storage.
Measurement of two-dimensional electrical potential fields in CFRP using four-probe resistance scans
Authors: Scholle Patrick , Sinapius Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The carbon fibers in fiber reinforced plastics could be used sensorially to observe the present stress state of the structural component by measuring its electrical resistance. However, the use of resistivity requires a detailed understanding of the electrical potential distribution in a given specimen. Current experimental techniques measure the electrical potential on a limited amount of relatively large electrodes mounted onto the parts surface. This approach suffers from the limited spacial resolution as well as the retroactivity between attached electrodes and observed specimen. This article discusses an experimental method to scan the electrical potential distribution on the surface of a conductor using a typical 4-probe setup and a gantry style robot to move one of the probes. The method is applied to eletrical conduction processes in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) in an effort to visualize the electrical potential distribution near current contacts. This approach allows us to have a much more detailed understanding of electrical conduction processes in CFRP, which can help to better interpret experimental data in the future. A two-dimensional mathematical model based on Laplace equation is derived with appropriate boundary conditions and compared to the measured results. Experimental and numerical results agree well and show the existance of strong current inhomogeneities within the CFRP part. The developed setup is simple to implement, but nevertheless prooved to be effective in measuring the explicit electrical conduction paths in both isotropic and anisotropic conductors.
Turning of steels under various cooling and lubrication techniques: a review of literature, sustainability aspects, and future scope
Authors: Shaikh Mohd Bilal Naim , Ali Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this review work, various conventional cutting fluids and their application methods have been discussed, which serve different functions such as cooling, lubrication, cleaning, and corrosion protection during the machining process. According to the available research, issues associated with the conventional ones have beenidentified concerning sustainability metrics, i.e., economic, environmental, and social dimensions. These issues necessitated shifting toward sustainable alternatives. All such alternatives have been reviewed thoroughly, which are presently practiced in the machining of steels as a workpiece. It can be concluded that these sustainable methods, i.e., dry cutting, minimum quantity cooling and lubrication, cryogenic lubricant, gas-based coolant, solid lubricant, etc, provide better machinability performance as compared to conventional ones. However, there is a need oftrade-off analysis between cost-effectiveness and sustainability for various combinations of cutting fluids and their application methods. The last section summarizes the review study and recommends prospects based on the demands and challenges ahead. Further, it can be concluded that knowledge of the cutting fluid types and their application methods with detailed efficiency and energy consumption models are critically important to make them commercially viable.
Dimensional reduction of phenotypes from 53 000 mouse models reveals a diverse landscape of gene function
Authors: Konopka Tomasz , Vestito Letizia , Smedley Damian 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Animal models have long been used to study gene function and the impact of genetic mutations on phenotype. Through the research efforts of thousands of research groups, systematic curation of published literature and high-throughput phenotyping screens, the collective body of knowledge for the mouse now covers the majority of protein-coding genes. We here collected data for over 53 000 mouse models with mutations in over 15 000 genomic markers and characterized by more than 254 000 annotations using more than 9000 distinct ontology terms. We investigated dimensional reduction and embedding techniques as means to facilitate access to this diverse and high-dimensional information. Our analyses provide the first visual maps of the landscape of mouse phenotypic diversity. We also summarize some of the difficulties in producing and interpreting embeddings of sparse phenotypic data. In particular, we show that data preprocessing, filtering and encoding have as much impact on the final embeddings as the process of dimensional reduction. Nonetheless, techniques developed in the context of dimensional reduction create opportunities for explorative analysis of this large pool of public data, including for searching for mouse models suited to study human diseases.

Availability and implementation
Source code for analysis scripts is available on GitHub at https://github.com/tkonopka/mouse-embeddings. The data underlying this article are available in Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4916171.

Contact
t.konopka@qmul.ac.uk

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
FindNonCoding: rapid and simple detection of non-coding RNAs in genomes
Authors: Wright Erik S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSummaryNon-coding RNAs are often neglected during genome annotation due to their difficulty of detection relative to protein coding genes. FindNonCoding takes a pattern mining approach to capture the essential sequence motifs and hairpin loops representing a non-coding RNA family and quickly identify matches in genomes. FindNonCoding was designed for ease of use and accurately finds non-coding RNAs with a low false discovery rate.Availability and implementationFindNonCoding is implemented within the DECIPHER package (v2.19.3) for R (v4.1) available from Bioconductor. Pre-trained models of common non-coding RNA families are included for bacteria, archaea and eukarya.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Increased expression of GABAA receptor subunits associated with tonic inhibition in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sperk Günther , Pirker Susanne , Gasser Elisabeth , Wieselthaler Anna , Bukovac Anneliese , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Maier Hans , Drexel Meinrad , Baumgartner Christoph , Ortler Marin , Czech Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Epilepsy animal models indicate pronounced changes in the expression and rearrangement of GABAA receptor subunits in the hippocampus and in para-hippocampal areas, including widespread downregulation of the subunits α5 and δ, and upregulation of α4, subunits that mediate tonic inhibition of GABA. In this case–control study, we investigated changes in the expression of subunits α4, α5 and δ in hippocampal specimens of drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients who underwent epilepsy surgery. Using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and α5-specific receptor autoradiography, we characterized expression of the receptor subunits in specimens from patients with and without Ammon’s horn sclerosis compared to post-mortem controls. Expression of the α5-subunit was abundant throughout all subfields of the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, sectors CA1 and CA3, the subiculum and pre- and parasubiculum. Significant but weaker expression was detected for subunits α4 and δ notably in the granule cell/molecular layer of control specimens, but was faint in the other parts of the hippocampus. Expression of all three subunits was similarly altered in sclerotic and non-sclerotic specimens. Respective mRNA levels were increased by about 50–80% in the granule cell layer compared with post-mortem controls. Subunit α5 mRNA levels and immunoreactivities were also increased in the sector CA3 and in the subiculum. Autoradiography for α5-containing receptors using [3H]L-655,708 as ligand showed significantly increased binding in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in non-sclerotic specimens. Increased expression of the α5 and δ subunits is in contrast to the previously observed downregulation of these subunits in different epilepsy models, whereas increased expression of α4 in temporal lobe epilepsy patients is consistent with that in the rodent models. Our findings indicate increased tonic inhibition likely representing an endogenous anticonvulsive mechanism in temporal lobe epilepsy.
ECCO-ESGAR Topical Review on Optimizing Reporting for Cross-Sectional Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kucharzik Torsten , Tielbeek Jeroen , Carter Dan , Taylor Stuart A , Tolan Damian , Wilkens Rune , Bryant Robert V , Hoeffel Christine , De Kock Isabelle , Maaser Christian , Maconi Giovanni , Novak Kerri , Rafaelsen Søren R , Scharitzer Martina , Spinelli Antonino , Rimola Jordi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe diagnosis and follow up of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] requires cross-sectional imaging modalities, such as intestinal ultrasound [IUS], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and computed tomography [CT]. The quality and homogeneity of medical reporting are crucial to ensure effective communication between specialists and to improve patient care. The current topical review addresses optimized reporting requirements for cross-sectional imaging in IBD.MethodsAn expert consensus panel consisting of gastroenterologists, radiologists and surgeons convened by the ECCO in collaboration with ESGAR performed a systematic literature review covering the reporting aspects of MRI, CT, IUS, endoanal ultrasonography and transperineal ultrasonography in IBD. Practice position statements were developed utilizing a Delphi methodology incorporating two consecutive rounds. Current practice positions were set when ≥80% of the participants agreed on a recommendation.ResultsTwenty-five practice positions were developed, establishing standard terminology for optimal reporting in cross-sectional imaging. Assessment of inflammation, complications and imaging of perianal CD are outlined. The minimum requirements of a standardized report, including a list of essential reporting items, have been defined.ConclusionsThis topical review offers practice recommendations to optimize and homogenize reporting in cross-sectional imaging in IBD.
Does the Presence of the Biological Control Agent,Hypena opulenta(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) on Swallow-Worts Deter Monarch Oviposition?
Authors: Alred Brianna , Haan Nathan , Landis Douglas A , Szűcs Marianna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvasive black and pale swallow-worts (Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench, and Vincetoxicum rossicum Kelopow), which are related to milkweeds, can act as ecological traps for monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)) as they lay eggs on them that fail to develop. A recently approved biological control agent against swallow-worts, Hypena opulenta Christoph, occupies the same feeding guild on swallow-worts as monarch larvae and could be perceived as a competitor to monarchs. We tested how the presence of this defoliating moth on swallow-worts may influence monarch host selection. In a two-year field experiment, we placed pale swallow-wort plants that were either infested with H. opulenta or noninfested as well as common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), into monarch habitats to assess oviposition rates. In the laboratory, monarchs were either given a choice or not between milkweeds and black swallow-worts with or without H. opulenta. While monarchs strongly preferred common milkweed in the field, up to 25% of the eggs we observed were laid on pale swallow-wort, without preference for swallow-wort with (10.7%) or without (14.3%) H. opulenta. In laboratory choice and no-choice tests, monarchs did not lay any eggs on black swallow-wort, likely because of the long-term laboratory rearing on common milkweeds. Our results confirm that pale swallow-wort may act as an oviposition sink to monarchs in Michigan as well. Since the biological control program is still in its infancy, the nature of interactions between monarchs and H. opulenta may change as the biocontrol agent becomes more widespread.
Correlation Between Left Ventricular Electromechanical Delay and Body Mass Index
Authors: Salem Ahmed Salah , Abazeed Sara Hussein , Elhawary Ahmed , Abdelmonem Ahmed Hassan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate effect of body mass index on left ventricle electromechanical delay among adults with no history of cardiac disease. Obesity is a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat. Being extremely obese increases the risk of diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and premature death.
The assessment of LV dyssynchrony has been gaining interest because it is increasingly considered to indicate the risk of progression to heart failure in various populations.
Ventricular electromechanical delay can be measured from the onset of the QRS complex on electrocardiogram to the onset or peak of ventricular contraction determined by tissue Doppler imaging.

Methods
66 subjects divided into three groups with 22 subjects for each group with age range (≥18 years and &lt; 60 years old) of either sex with no history of cardiac disease were classified according to BMI into three group; Group A: subjects with normal BMI (18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2|), Group B: overweight subjects with BMI (25-29.9 kg/m2), Group C: obese subjects with BMI (≥ 30 kg/m2). The study groups were age, gender and risk factors matched. The time from the beginning of the QRS complex (on electrocardiogram) to the onset of systolic velocities in the septum and lateral wall were assessed and the time from the beginning of the QRS complex (on electrocardiogram) to the peak of systolic velocities in the septum and lateral wall were assessed using the pulsed wave Tissue Doppler Imaging (PW-TDI) by placing the sample volume in the middle of the basal portions of the LV septal and lateral walls in the apical four-chamber view at end-expiratory at a sweep speed of 100 mm/s, The difference between time recorded from septal and that recorded from lateral walls was referred as the lateral-to-septal delay.

Results
There was significant difference between the three groups regarding (lateral to septal delay) from onset of QRS to onset of S'(23.36±7.6 ms vs. 24.05±5.9ms vs. 35.18±9.3ms respectively, P &lt; 0.0001), also there was a significant difference between study groups regarding (lateral to septal delay) from onset of QRS to peak of S'(39.41±9 ms vs. 48±10.4ms vs. 62.82±15.3ms respectively, P &lt; 0.0001). There was a direct correlation between BMI and (lateral to septal delay) onset of QRS to peak of S' (r = 0.633, P &lt; 0.0001) as well as (lateral to septal delay) onset of QRS to onset of S'(r = 0.64, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
We present an interesting finding of left ventricular electromechanical delay in asymptomatic obese subjects with sinus rhythm and no history of cardiac disease. It would be speculative to say that the intraventricular dyssynchrony seen in asymptomatic obese individuals is related to cardiac electrical remodeling occurs with obesity and gives a proposal to understand pathophysiology of heart failure occurring in obese patients.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Isolated Mitral Valve Stenosis Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: ElGendi Mohamed , Ayman Mohamed , Sadaka Mohamed , Magdi Gehan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with isolated mitral stenosis (MS) using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography.

Methods
24 patients (39.50 ± 5.55 years, 17 females) with isolated MS (MVA: 1.35 ± 0.16 cm2) with preserved LV systolic function and sinus rhythm were compared to 12 matched healthy control subjects (36.42 ± 5.99 years, 8 females). Conventional echocardiography was performed to both groups. Longitudinal strain and Circumferential strain echocardiography were obtained. Peak systolic strain was measured from the mean strain proﬁle for a total of 17 segments of the LV for the longitudinal strain and 16 segments for the circumferential strain. Global longitudinal (G.L.) and circumferential strain (G.C.) were calculated separately as the average of the sum of the studied segments.

Results
The global longitudinal strain of the cases group ranged from -11 – -17% with a mean value of -14.67 ± -1.69% and that of the control group ranged from -15 – -20% with a mean value of -17.83 ± -1.53% with a statistically significant difference between the two groups.
In our study, there was a negative but non-significant correlation between LV GLSS and LA diameter (r = -0.054, p = 0.802), Echo score (r = -0.018, p = 0.933) and PASP (r = 0.021, p = 0.922) in patients group.
Also, the correlation was negative but non-significant between LV GCSS and LA diameter (r = -0.142, p = 0.507), Echo score (r = -0.200, p = 0.349) and PASP (r = -0.155, p = 0.471) in patients group.

Conclusion
• 2D speckle tracking echocardiography can detect subclinical LV systolic dysfunction which cannot be recognized by 2D conventional echocardiography.
• Isolated rheumatic MS may be associated with subclinical LV systolic dysfunction.
Prognostic Value of Cardiac Troponin I In Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Thabet Salma M , Meshaal Marwa , Yazied Yasser , Sharaf Yasser 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic value of cardiac troponin I as a predictor of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with infective endocarditis.

Methods
This study included 48 patients with definite and possible IE according to modified Duke’s criteria for diagnosis of IE. This prospective longitudinal study was conducted on patients admitted to the cardiovascular department of Cairo University hospitals. All patients were subjected to full history taking and clinical examination, all laboratory and radiological investigations which included chest radiography, echocardiogram and other diagnostic procedures as needed for diagnosis and follow-up of IE were done with emphasis on cardiac troponin I level on admission.

Results
Troponin I was found to be statistically significant predictor for heart failure (NYHA III/IV), septic pulmonary embolism and in-hospital mortality in infective endocarditis patients by univariate and multivariate regression analysis with P values 0.023, 0.037and 0.002 respectively. Tricuspid valve vegetations had showed significant relation to troponin I levels with p value 0.033. Also it was found that SOFA score on first day of admission showed significant relation to troponin I level with P value 0.045 and 0.004 for prediction of hospital stay duration. Shock and intracranial hemorrhage showed borderline significance with P values 0.097, 0.069. On other hand, troponin I as predictor of pulmonary edema, mechanical complications, systemic embolization, acute kidney injury and presence of aortic root abscess had no statistical significance in our studied patients.

Conclusions
This study showed that there is as significant predictive value of elevated cardiac troponin I with heart failure, septic pulmonary embolism and all cause in-hospital mortality. In addition, it was significant predictor of the length of hospital stay, lymphocytosis and SOFA score. These results are emphasizing that cTn I level may predict higher risk patients who would need early and aggressive control of infection medically alone or combined with surgery in IE patients.
Role of Awareness Activities in Mega-Events
Authors: Ghanem Noha , ElShal Ahmed , Darwish Salma , Emam Marwa , ElWalili Mariam , Mehanna Radwa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases remain to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are some well-established risk factors such as a genetic disposition (hereditary), hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes mellitus, obesity, high cholesterol level, poor dietary habits, inactive lifestyle, and smoking. The Egyptian direction is to invest in developing educational programs on cardiovascular diseases for the whole community and particularly for women. This initiative is echoed by experts who call for urgent action to improve care, prevent disease and increase awareness of cardiovascular diseases generally and within the women community. The Egyptian community is in great need to public awareness campaigns about cardiovascular diseases especially myocardial infarction and stroke. The CardioVascular Research, Education, Prevention foundation (CVREP) in collaboration with Stent Save a Life (SSL) initiative Egypt and the American Heart Association (AHA) and its initiative “Go Red For Women”, initiated a very successful awareness campaign for physicians and for public during the mega cardiovascular conference CardioAlex.21. ICOM Group (International Center for Organization and Marketing) in collaboration with Expand created a comprehensive public awareness program during CardioAlex.21 held in Alexandria, Egypt during the period 01 – 04 June, 2021.

Aim
Building awareness to the community to the signs and the “must take actions” in cardiovascular emergencies, as heart attacks.

Methods
A very creative campaign was held at the last day of CardioAlex.21 in Alexandria, Egypt, in which, ICOM and Expand teams organized a Marathon (Run) followed by an educational lecture for physicians and a session for public along with screening clinics stations for all attendees to have an onsite check up on their blood pressure and blood glucose level. “GO RED FOR WOMEN”, addressed the message for women to raise the awareness of cardiovascular risks and a very informative discussion was held. The audience questions were answered by SSL Board who moderated the session on a one-to-one story telling technique which made the sessions very interesting. Data was collected from persons who attended the session representing the Egyptian society.

Results
Eighty persons attended the awareness day, 54% of which were middle-aged participants with an age mean of 50 years old. 60% were women, 55% completed secondary education or more and 77% of them reported to have heard about heart attacks while, more than half stated they knew someone who had it. This campaign raised the public awareness regarding cardiovascular disease and how a minute is life changing, knowing how to react if someone experienced one or more of the heart attack symptoms as well as the proper management of MI patients. Also, the healthy lifestyle after undergoing a PPCI procedure was discussed.