bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to a Tragedy: Evaluation of a Postvention Protocol Among Adult Psychiatry Residents
Authors: Agrawal Alpna , Gitlin Michael , Melancon Sir Norman T. , Booth Brittany Irshay , Ghandhi Jennifer , DeBonis Katrina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn a time of “zero suicide” initiatives and rising suicide rates, resident physicians are particularly susceptible to the psychological and professional ramifications of patient suicide. An adult psychiatry residency program developed and implemented a postvention protocol to address the impact of patient suicide among resident physicians. The current study is a formal evaluation of a training program’s postvention protocol from June 2018 to April 2020.MethodsProcess and outcome indicators were identified to assess protocol implementation and effectiveness. Process indicators included were postvention protocol adherence. Outcome indicators were perceived helpfulness of postvention protocol–related supports, occupational and general health measures, posttraumatic growth, and posttraumatic stress symptoms following resident participation in the postvention protocol.ResultsStudy response rate was 97% (n= 57/59) and 81% completed the entire survey (n= 48/59). Twenty percent of residents (n= 10/48) experienced patient suicide during residency. Postvention protocol adherence was between 57 and 100%. Protocol-related supports, such as speaking with attendings who had previously experienced an adverse event, were more helpful than other supports (p< 0.01). Compared to residents who had not experienced patient suicide, mean work empowerment, burnout, mental health, and quality of life scores were not significantly different from residents who participated in the postvention protocol (p> 0.05). Posttraumatic growth was positively correlated with self-determination at work (p= 0.01).ConclusionsThe postvention protocol was helpful to residents and potentially effective at mitigating the psychological and professional consequences of patient suicide. Study findings may inform standardization of postvention protocols among psychiatry training programs.
Immunoreactivity of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 and Its Correlation with Dysmenorrhea and Lesional Fibrosis in Adenomyosis
Authors: Yang Bingxin , Gu Nihao , Shi Shu , Zhang Chen , Chen Lan , Ouyang Jing , Lin Yu , Sun Feng , Xu Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdenomyosis is associated with dysmenorrhea, infertility, and lesional fibrosis. The pathogenesis of adenomyosis is still unclear. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) plays important roles in pathological activities like tumor metastasis and endometriosis. Our objective was to investigate the expression and localization of PAI-1 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium with adenomyosis and in endometrium without adenomyosis. We also sought to determine the relationship between PAI-1 immunoreactivity and the severity of dysmenorrhea and the extent of lesional fibrosis in adenomyosis. PAI-1 expression was significantly higher in the ectopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis than in both the eutopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis and the endometrium of controls. Ectopic PAI-1 expression correlated positively with dysmenorrhea visual analog scale (VAS) scores and the extent of lesional fibrosis in adenomyosis. High PAI-1 expression increased the likelihood of moderate to severe dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis. These results suggest that PAI-1 is involved in the adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea and lesional fibrosis, which provide a potential target in treating symptomatic adenomyosis.
Salafism and Traditionalism
Authors: Hamdeh Emad 
Published: March 2021

One of the most contentious topics in modern Islam is whether one should adhere to an Islamic legal school or follow scripture directly. For centuries, Sunni Muslims have practiced Islam through the framework of the four legal schools. The 20th century, however, witnessed the rise of individuals who denounced the legal schools, highlighting cases where they contradict texts from the Qur'ān or Sunna. These differences are exemplified in the heated debates between the Salafi ḥadīth scholar Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī and his Traditionalist critics. This book examines the tensions between Salafis and Traditionalists concerning scholarly authority in Islam. Emad Hamdeh offers an insider's view of the debates between Salafis and Traditionalists and their differences regarding the correct method of interpreting Islam. He provides a detailed analysis of the rise of Salafism, the impact of the printing press, the role of scholars in textual interpretation, and the divergent approaches to Islamic law.
Civil War and Citizens' Demand for the State: An Empirical Test of Hobbesian Theory
Authors: Blair Robert A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow does violence during civil war shape citizens' demand for state-provided security, especially in settings where non-state actors compete with the state for citizens' loyalties? This article draws on Hobbesian theory to argue that in post-conflict countries, citizens who were more severely victimized by wartime violence should substitute away from localized authorities and towards centralized ones, especially the state. The author tests the theory by combining two original surveys with existing media and non-governmental organization data on wartime violence in Liberia. The study shows that citizens who were more severely affected by violence during the Liberian civil war are more likely to demand state-provided security, both in absolute terms and relative to non-state alternatives. More sporadic collective violence in the post-conflict period does not reverse this substitution effect. Also consistent with Hobbesian theory, citizens who were more severely victimized are more fearful of threats to peace almost a decade later.
Causal inference with observational data: the need for triangulation of evidence
Authors: Hammerton Gemma , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe goal of much observational research is to identify risk factors that have a causal effect on health and social outcomes. However, observational data are subject to biases from confounding, selection and measurement, which can result in an underestimate or overestimate of the effect of interest. Various advanced statistical approaches exist that offer certain advantages in terms of addressing these potential biases. However, although these statistical approaches have different underlying statistical assumptions, in practice they cannot always completely remove key sources of bias; therefore, using design-based approaches to improve causal inference is also important. Here it is the design of the study that addresses the problem of potential bias – either by ensuring it is not present (under certain assumptions) or by comparing results across methods with different sources and direction of potential bias. The distinction between statistical and design-based approaches is not an absolute one, but it provides a framework for triangulation – the thoughtful application of multiple approaches (e.g. statistical and design based), each with their own strengths and weaknesses, and in particular sources and directions of bias. It is unlikely that any single method can provide a definite answer to a causal question, but the triangulation of evidence provided by different approaches can provide a stronger basis for causal inference. Triangulation can be considered part of wider efforts to improve the transparency and robustness of scientific research, and the wider scientific infrastructure and system of incentives.
PROBING THE CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF LLAMA_D AS A MEASURE OF IMPLICIT LEARNING APTITUDE
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA subtest of the LLAMA test battery (LLAMA_D) has been proposed as a potential test of implicit learning aptitude. To improve its construct validity, in the present study, the original LLAMA_D (a) instructions for incidental learning were modified, and (b) confidence ratings of test responses and (c) reaction time (RT) measurements were added. This revised LLAMA_D was administered along with the other LLAMA subtests (LLAMA-B, -E, and -F). Unconscious knowledge that may (not) result from the exposure was assessed through the relationship between the accuracy/RT and confidence ratings. The results suggest that LLAMA_D accuracy largely reflects conscious retrieval of previously heard sound sequences. However, an index derived from the LLAMA_D RT measure (coefficient of variance) was associated with an aspect of oral fluency, which is presumably dependent on proceduralization. Several recommendations are proposed to redesign and extend LLAMA_D as a potential aptitude test for proceduralization.
Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on playground surfaces and water fountains
Authors: Kozer Eran , Rinott Ehud , Kozer Guy , Bar-Haim Adina , Benveniste-Levkovitz Patricia , Klainer Hodaya , Perl Sivan , Youngster Ilan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission by fomites or environmental surfaces has been suggested. It is unclear if SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in outdoor public areas. The objective of the current study was to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples collected at public playgrounds and water fountains, in a country with high disease prevalence. Environmental samples were collected from six cities in central Israel. Samples were collected from drinking fountains and high-touch recreational equipment at playgrounds. Sterile pre-moistened swabs were used to collect the samples, put in viral transfer media and transferred to the laboratory. Viral detection was achieved by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, targeting four genes. Forty-three samples were collected from playground equipment and 25 samples from water fountains. Two of the 43 (4.6%) samples from playground equipment and one (4%) sample from a drinking fountain tested positive. It is unclear whether the recovery of viral RNA on outdoor surfaces also indicates the possibility of acquiring the virus. Adherence to environmental and personal hygiene in urban settings seems prudent.
Critical Ebstein’s anomaly with circular shunt: from successful fetal therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to biventricular repair using Da Silva cone technique
Authors: Lopes Lilian M. , Bezerra Rodrigo F. , da Silva Jose Pedro , da Fonseca da Silva Luciana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report an innovative treatment strategy for fetal Ebstein’s anomaly with a circular shunt. We used transplacental non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, at the 29th gestational week, to constrict the ductus arteriosus avoiding fetal demise. We addressed the critical neonate with an urgent Starnes procedure. Finally, instead of following the usual single-ventricle palliation pathway after the Starnes procedure, we achieved successful two-ventricle repair with the cone technique at 5 month old.
Physical exercise as an add-on treatment to cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety: a systematic review
Authors: Frederiksen Kristian Pihl , Stavestrand Silje Haukenes , Venemyr Simen Kildahl , Sirevåg Kristine , Hovland Anders 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the treatment of choice for most anxiety disorders. Yet, with recovery rates of approximately 50%, many patients fail to achieve complete remission. This has led to increased efforts to enhance treatment efficacy. Physical exercise (PE) has in recent years been advocated as means to augment the effects of CBT for anxiety disorders. PE appears to reduce anxiety through other mechanisms than CBT, some of which might also have the potential to augment the effects of psychological treatment.Aims:The current review aimed to summarize and discuss the current research status on CBT augmented with PE for anxiety.Method:A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PsychInfo, Medline and Web of Science to evaluate the potential augmentative effect of combining PE with CBT for anxiety disorders. These effects were intended to be evaluated in a meta-analysis, but findings from the few and diverse studies were better summarized in a systematic review.Results:Eight articles were included in this review, of which two had no control group, while six had from two to four experimental arms. Six of the studies concluded in favour of benefits of add-on PE, while two studies found no added benefits of the combined interventions.Conclusions:The combination of PE and CBT appears feasible. Add-on PE seems to be more beneficial for clinical populations, when administered regularly several times per week, across several weeks. Future studies should investigate further how and for whom to best combine PE and CBT.
Malnutrition pathway for the impact of in utero drought shock on child growth indicators in rural households
Authors: Abiona Olukorede 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates the short-term health effects of in utero drought shock using repeated cross-section household data on Malawi. The main finding reveals that the effects of in utero harvest variability caused by rainfall shocks on child growth indices are driven by the deleterious effects of negative rainfall deviations, namely droughts. Negative rainfall deviation during the agricultural season prior to the gestational period of a child leads to a 21.8 per cent average local level reduction in age-standardized height scores, with the counterpart positive rainfall deviation having no apparent effect. The paper also uses harvest and consumption patterns to establish an important link between early-life malnutrition and growth serving as a precursor for the fetal period programming hypothesis in the literature. The direct impact of embryonic period shocks on growth provides supportive evidence on potential interaction between nutritional and environmental pathways.
The role of the bovine respiratory bacterial microbiota in health and disease
Authors: Alexander Trevor W. , Timsit Edouard , Amat Samat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreased antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory bacterial pathogens poses a threat to the effective control and prevention of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). As part of continued efforts to develop antimicrobial alternatives to mitigate BRD, the microbial community residing within the respiratory tract of feedlot cattle has been increasingly studied using next-generation sequencing technologies. The mucosal surfaces of upper and lower respiratory tracts of cattle are colonized by a diverse and dynamic microbiota encompassing commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic bacteria. While a direct causal relationship between respiratory microbiota and the development of BRD in feedlot cattle has not been fully elucidated, increasing evidence suggests that the microbiota contributes to respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. Certain management practices such as weaning, transportation, feed transition, and antibiotic application can disrupt the respiratory microbiota, potentially altering pathogen colonization. Microbiota-based approaches, including bacterial therapeutics that target restoring the normal respiratory microbiota, may provide new methods for mitigating BRD in feedlot cattle in place of antibiotics. In addition, the distinct bacterial respiratory microbial communities observed in BRD-affected and healthy feedlot cattle may allow for future application of microbiota-based techniques used in the diagnosis of BRD.
Spiritual well-being, self-transcendence, and spiritual practices among Filipino women with breast cancer
Authors: Soriano Gil P. , Calong Calong Kathyrine A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and self-transcendence and to identify the spiritual practices utilized by Filipino patients who are recovering from breast cancer.MethodsA descriptive correlational study was used, and a purposive sampling technique was utilized to select the participants in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson'srcorrelation.ResultsThe study revealed that the overall mean score of the spiritual index of well-being among the participants was 4.41 (±0.54), while the mean score of self-transcendence was 3.64 (±0.50). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between spirituality and self-transcendence among Filipino women with breast cancer.Significance of resultsFilipino women with breast cancer rely on their spirituality, which enables them to find meaning in their illness. Hence, assessing spirituality among this population group will enable nurses to provide holistic nursing care, as this can help them cope with the challenges associated with their illness.
CARNAP’S PROBLEM FOR MODAL LOGIC
Authors: BONNAY DENIS , WESTERSTÅHL DAG 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe take Carnap’s problem to be to what extent standard consequence relations in various formal languages fix the meaning of their logical vocabulary, alone or together with additional constraints on the form of the semantics. This paper studies Carnap’s problem for basic modal logic. Setting the stage, we show that neighborhood semantics is the most general form of compositional possible worlds semantics, and proceed to ask which standard modal logics (if any) constrain the box operator to be interpreted as in relational Kripke semantics. Except when restricted to finite domains, no modal logic characterizes exactly the Kripkean interpretations of
$\Box $
. Moreover, we show that, in contrast with the case of first-order logic, the obvious requirement of permutation invariance is not adequate in the modal case. After pointing out some known facts about modal logics that nevertheless force the Kripkean interpretation, we focus on another feature often taken to embody the gist of modal logic: locality. We show that invariance under point-generated subframes (properly defined) does single out the Kripkean interpretations, but only among topological interpretations, not in general. Finally, we define a notion of bisimulation invariance—another aspect of locality—that, together with a reasonable closure condition, gives the desired general result. Along the way, we propose a new perspective on normal neighborhood frames as filter frames, consisting of a set of worlds equipped with an accessibility relation, and a free filter at every world.
Clumped‐Isotope Geothermometry and Carbonate U–Pb Geochronology of the Alta Stock Metamorphic Aureole, Utah, USA: Insights on the Kinetics of Metamorphism in Carbonates
Authors: Brenner Dana C. , Passey Benjamin H. , Holder Robert M. , Viete Daniel R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo assess thermal and kinetic influences on atomic mobility and mineral (neo)crystallization, clumped‐isotope abundances of calcite and dolomite were measured alongside dolomite cation ordering and U–Pb dates, across metamorphic grade within the c. 35–30 Ma Alta stock contact metamorphic aureole, Utah, USA. Average Δ47 values of dolomite inside the metamorphic aureole reflect the blocking temperature of dolomite (300°C–350°C) during cooling from peak temperatures. Dolomite Δ47 values outside the metamorphic aureole record a temperature of ∼160°C. At the talc isograd, dolomite Δ47 values abruptly change, corresponding to a decrease of ∼180°C over <50 m in the down‐temperature direction. This observed step in dolomite Δ47 values does not correlate with cation ordering in dolomite or U–Pb dates, neither of which correlate well with metamorphic grade. The short distance over which dolomite Δ47 values change indicates strong temperature sensitivity in the kinetics of dolomite clumped‐isotope reordering, and is consistent with a wide range of clumped‐isotope reequilibration modeling results. We hypothesize that clumped‐isotope reordering in dolomite precedes more extensive recrystallization or metamorphic reaction, such as the formation of talc. Dolomite U–Pb analyses from inside and outside the metamorphic aureole populate a single discordia ∼60 Myr younger than depositional age (Mississippian), recording resetting in response to some older postdepositional, but premetamorphic process.
Magnetotail‐Inner Magnetosphere Transport Associated With Fast Flows Based on Combined Global‐Hybrid and CIMI Simulation
Authors: Lin Y. , Wang X. Y. , Fok M.‐C. , Buzulukova N. , Perez J. D. , Cheng L. , Chen L.‐J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing the combined Auburn global hybrid simulation code in 3‐D (ANGIE3D) and the Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere (CIMI) model, we investigate the self‐consistent connection of fast flow injections from the tail plasma sheet and the inner magnetosphere under a southward IMF. In the dynamic run, the hybrid results provide the CIMI model with 3‐D magnetic field and the electric potential at the high latitude ionosphere boundary as well as the full ion phase space distribution function at the CIMI outer boundary at the equator. The simulation shows that magnetotail reconnection, which has a dawn‐dusk size of ∼1–5 RE, recurs with a period of several minutes, resulting in recurring localized fast flow injections. Strong ion temperature anisotropy and non‐Maxwellian distributions are present in the fast flows, and the braking of fast flows due to the dipole‐like field results in further perpendicular heating in the injection sources. Multiple fast flow injections lead to multiple peaks in the particle fluxes in the inner magnetosphere as well as layers of upward and downward field‐aligned currents at the ionosphere, and low energy particles penetrate deeper radially than the high energy particles. The combined ANGIE3D‐CIMI model can be used to calculate the global kinetic physics that contains both Region‐1 and Region‐2 field‐aligned currents.
The Viscous and Ohmic Damping of the Earth's Free Core Nutation
Authors: Triana Santiago Andrés , Trinh Antony , Rekier Jérémy , Zhu Ping , Dehant Véronique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe cause for the damping of the Earth's free core nutation (FCN) and the free inner core nutation eigenmodes has been a matter of debate since the earliest reliable estimations from nutation observations were made available. Numerical studies are difficult given the extreme values of some of the parameters associated with the Earth's fluid outer core, where important energy dissipation mechanisms can take place. We present a fully 3D numerical model for the FCN capable of describing accurately viscous and Ohmic dissipation processes taking place in the bulk of the fluid core as well as in the boundary layers. We find an asymptotic regime, appropriate for Earth's parameters, where viscous and Ohmic processes contribute to the total damping, with the dissipation taking place almost exclusively in the boundary layers. By matching the observed nutational damping, we infer an enhanced effective viscosity matching and validating methods from previous studies. We suggest that turbulence caused by the Earth's precession can be a source for the enhanced viscosity.