bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and Age Determination by Measurement of Foramen Magnum Dimensions on Computer Tomography Scanning Study in the Iranian Population
Authors: Hosseini Amir , Soleimannejad Maryam , Javadi Amir , Kazemifar Amirmohammad , Darabi Shahram , Pourkeramat Sorosh 
Published: June 2021

Background:Individual distinguishing evidence may be an imperative field of measurable investigation which demonstrates higher correct expectation rates. This process of recognizable Evidence is facilitated by the assurance of sex and age. In circumstances where there are fragmented and mangled skeletal remains, sex assurance is moderately troublesome, and it becomes important to set up the precision of cadaver bones. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate sexual dimorphism and age determination by measuring foramen magnum (FM) dimensions in the Iranian population using digital computed tomography scan.Methods:The study sample consisted of a modern adult Iranian population of 120 males and 109 females (age range: 15–50 years). Length, width, and area of FM, also FM index were measured on base skull computed tomography scan.Result:All of the parameters of FM (length, width, area, and FM index), were larger in men than women. The accuracy of sex determination was up to 50.2. The highest accuracy for sex determination was FM width (67.9). This study also helps craniofacial surgeon for exact reference value of FM, which are authorize neurosurgeons’ accessibility to the brain stem approach and FM region with minimum retraction.Conclusions:It can be concluded from the result, that morphometric analyze of FM is useful for sex determination but cannot be suitable for age determination.
Association of Frailty and the Expanded Operative Stress Score with Preoperative Acute Serious Conditions, Complications, and Mortality in Males Compared to Females
Authors: Yan Qi , Kim Jeongsoo , Hall Daniel E. , Shinall Myrick C. , Reitz Katherine Moll , Stitzenberg Karyn B. , Kao Lillian S. , George Elizabeth L. , Youk Ada , Wang Chen-Pin , Silverstein Jonathan C. , Bernstam Elmer V. , Shireman Paula K. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to expand Operative Stress Score (OSS) increasing procedural coverage and assessing OSS and frailty association with Preoperative Acute Serious Conditions (PASC), complications and mortality in females versus males.

Summary Background Data:
Veterans Affairs male-dominated study showed high mortality in frail veterans even after very low stress surgeries (OSS1).

Methods:
Retrospective cohort using NSQIP data (2013–2019) merged with 180-day postoperative mortality from multiple hospitals to evaluate PASC, 30-day complications and 30-, 90-, and 180-day mortality.

Results:
OSS expansion resulted in 98.2% case coverage versus 87.0% using the original. Of 82,269 patients (43.8% male), 7.9% were frail/very frail. Males had higher odds of PASC [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–1.41, P < 0.001] and severe/life–threatening Clavien-Dindo IV (CDIV) complications (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.09–1.28, P < 0.001). Although mortality rates were higher (all time-points, P < 0.001) in males versus females, mortality was similar after adjusting for frailty, OSS, and case status primarily due to increased male frailty scores. Additional adjustments for PASC and CDIV resulted in a lower odds of mortality in males (30-day, aOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71–0.92, P = 0.002) that was most pronounced for males with PASC compared to females with PASC (30-day, aOR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.56–0.99, P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Similar to the male-dominated Veteran population, private sector, frail patients have high likelihood of postoperative mortality, even after low-stress surgeries. Preoperative frailty screening should be performed regardless of magnitude of the procedure. Despite males experiencing higher adjusted odds of PASC and CDIV complications, females with PASC had higher odds of mortality compared to males, suggesting differences in the aggressiveness of care provided to men and women.
The Impact of General Surgeons on Pediatric Surgical Practice in North Carolina
Authors: Purcell Laura N. , Charles Anthony G. , Ricketts Thomas , Akinkuotu Adesola , McLean Sean E. , Hayes-Jordan Andrea , Phillips Michael R. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to define the training background of the actual surgical workforce providing care to pediatric patients in North Carolina (NC).

Background:
Due to database limitations, pediatric surgical workforce studies have not included general surgeons (GS) who operate on children. Defining the role of GS in care delivery affects policy for clinical care and general and pediatric surgical training.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of the NC Hospital Discharge Database (2011–2017), including pediatric patients (<18 years) undergoing the most frequent general surgery procedures. Descriptive and correlational analysis over surgical provider [Pediatric Surgeon (PS), GS], and other specialties (OSS), was performed using logistic regression modeling to identify factors associated with surgery by a PS.

Results:
Of the 57,265 discharges analyzed, pediatric, general, and other specialty surgeons operated on 25,514 (44.6%), 18,581 (32.5%), and 9049 (15.8%), respectively. In a logistic regression model, PS had lower odds of operating on older patients [odds ratio (OR) 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-0.91]. However, PS were more likely to operate on female patients (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.53-1.65), Black (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43-1.56), and other minority patients (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.29) when compared to white patients. PS were also more likely to operate on patients with private insurance (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.33–1.43) compared to government insurance, and patients undergoing emergency surgery (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.38–1.50).

Conclusion:
In NC, general surgeons performed a third of the operations on children. After controlling for covariates, pediatric surgeons in NC are more likely to operate on minority and emergency surgery patients, and this is the first study to describe this important practice pattern.
Influence of Wrap Fixation Technique on the Results of Fundoplication
Authors: Paranyak Mykola , Patel Rikesh , Grubnyk Viktor , Grubnik Volodymyr 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Different techniques of wrap fixation in laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) have been proposed with of the aim to reduce the complications, but the optimal technique is yet to be determined. The aim of our prospective study was to evaluate several techniques of wrap fixation and determine whether the application of a combined approach to perform wrap fixation reduces the failure rate in short-term and long-term follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred two patients with sliding or paraesophageal hiatal hernia (type I or type II), who underwent antireflux surgery were randomized into 2 groups. In group I, LNF was supplemented with suturing the wrap to the diaphragmatic crura (35 patients) or to the body of stomach (16 patients). This was dependent on the strength of the crura (defined as weak or strong). The control group (51 patients) underwent LNF without wrap fixation. All patients were assessed using a validated symptom and quality of life (gastroesophageal reflux disease-Health Related Quality of Life) questionnaire, 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring, and barium swallow.

Results:
At the 48-month follow-up, the overall rate of complications was not significantly different between the 2 groups; however, there was a tendency toward a lower frequency of reoperations in the first group (P=0.059). Fixation of the fundoplication of wrap was noted to lead to significantly lower rates of postoperative dysphagia (P<0.05). These patients (group I) were also found to have significant improvement in gastroesophageal reflux disease-Health Related Quality of Life score (from 19.3±13.2 to 4.3±3.9 vs. from 18.7±11.9 to 9.3±7.7).

Conclusion:
Fixation of the Nissen fundoplication wrap has been shown to have a positive impact on the reduction of postoperative dysphagia and leads to an improvement in disease-specific quality of life.
What Do Nurses Prefer? A Cross-sectional Study of Catheter Preference After Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery
Authors: Kulkarni Anjali , McDermott Colleen D. 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine nursing preferences regarding catheter type (transurethral indwelling catheters vs intermittent catheterization vs suprapubic tube drainage) when caring for patients in hospital after pelvic organ prolapse surgery.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional survey study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Registered nurses practicing in academic and community hospitals across North America (the United States and Canada).

METHODS:
Three hundred fifty-four RNs who routinely care for patients after pelvic organ prolapse surgery from centers across North America were sent an electronic survey between February 2018 and March 2019. The survey comprised 24 questions that collected information on the participants' demographics and their experience with using different catheters in a hospital setting, along with knowledge of and preference for the different catheter types. Descriptive statistics were used to determine catheter preferences of respondents in addition to their catheter rankings according to catheter-related outcomes.

RESULTS:
One hundred sixty nurses completed the survey, representing a 45% response rate. More than half (63.1%, n = 101) of respondents stated a preference for transurethral indwelling catheters, 23.1% (n = 37) preferred suprapubic tubes, and 10.6% (n = 17) preferred intermittent catheterization. Transurethral indwelling catheters were ranked by nurses as the best catheter type for ease of use and pain/discomfort for patients. Intermittent catheterization was ranked by nurses as the best for lowest malfunction rates and return of bladder function. Suprapubic tubes were ranked by nurses as best for lowest infection rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study has demonstrated that nurses practicing in inpatient care units have a strong preference for transurethral indwelling catheters over intermittent catheterization and suprapubic tubes when caring for patients after pelvic organ prolapse surgery.
Socioeconomic changes predict genome-wide DNA methylation in childhood
Authors: Liu Jiaxuan , Cerutti Janine , Lussier Alexandre A. , Zhu Yiwen , Smith Brooke J. , Smith Andrew D.A.C. , Dunn Erin C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChildhood socioeconomic position (SEP) is a major determinant of health and well-being across the entire life course. To effectively prevent and reduce health risks related to SEP, it is critical to better understand when and under what circumstances socioeconomic adversity shapes biological processes. DNA methylation (DNAm) is one such mechanism for how early life adversity “gets under the skin”. Using data from a large, longitudinal birth cohort, we showed that changes in the socioeconomic environment may influence DNAm at age 7. We also showed that middle childhood (ages 6-7) may be a potential sensitive period when socioeconomic instability, reflected in parental job loss, is especially important in shaping DNAm. Our findings highlight the importance of socioeconomic stability during childhood, providing biological evidence in support of public programs to help children and families experiencing socioeconomic instability and other forms of socioeconomic adversity during childhood.
Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine preferential bias in Europe: Is the end of the pandemic still foreseeable?
Authors: Adusei-Mensah Frank , Inkum Ivy Eyiah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe availability of safe and effective vaccine alone does not save lives; it is the inoculation plus other public health measures that do. Recent reports suggest the growing trend in vaccine preferential bias in parts of the world but not much in Europe. The present paper aims to investigate the occurrence of COVID-19 vaccine preferential bias in Europe for effective vaccination planning and pandemic control.MethodData on vaccine delivered and vaccination campaigns of the EU member states was collected from Eu center for disease control (EUCDC) on COVID-19 vaccination radar. The data was processed for analysis on MS excel and both descriptive and statistical analysis was done with IBM’s SPSS version 21. Analysis was performed at 95% confidence interval and statistically significant difference was considered at p < 0.05.ResultsWe observed statistically significantly lower vaccine uptake compared to the vaccine delivered doses in the present study (average at 62.678 +/-3.928%) (p< 0.05, CI = 95%). Great variances in uptake for Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines (50.927 +/-4.626 %) compared to Pfizer-Biontech vaccine (86.285 +/- 2.1052 %) was observed compared to previous prospective study on the wiliness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in the region (75%).ConclusionPublic health practitioners and policy makers need to factor the existence of COVID-19 preferential bias based on vaccine type or manufacturer. This will enable them introduce policies including public educational campaigns to overcome biasness on the wiliness to inoculate thereby enhancing vaccine uptake for smooth and effective control of the pandemic.
ASER: Animal Sex Reversal database
Authors: Li Yangyang , Chen Zonggui , Liu Hairong , Li Qiming , Lin Xing , Ji Shuhui , Li Rui , Li Shaopeng , Fan Weiliang , Zhao Haiping , Zhu Zuoyan , Hu Wei , Zhou Yu , Luo Daji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSex reversal, representing extraordinary sexual plasticity during the life cycle, not only triggers reproduction in animals but also affects reproductive and endocrine system-related diseases and cancers in humans. Sex reversal has been broadly reported in animals, however, an integrated resource hub of sex reversal information is still lacking. Here, we constructed a comprehensive database named ASER by integrating sex reversal-related data of 18 species from Teleostei to Mammals. We systematically collected 40,018 published papers and mined the Sex Reversal-associated Genes (SRGs), including their regulatory networks, from 1,611 core papers. We annotated homologous genes and computed conservation scores for whole genomes across the 18 species. Furthermore, we collected 206 available RNA-seq data and investigated the expression dynamics of SRGs during sex reversal or sex determination processes. In addition, we manually annotated 551 ISH images of SRGs from the literature and described their spatial expression in the gonads. Collectively, ASER provides a unique and integrated resource for researchers to query and reuse organized data to explore the mechanisms and applications of SRGs in animal breeding and human health. The ASER database is publicly available at http://aser.ihb.ac.cn/.
MCX Cloud – a modern, scalable, high-performance and in-browser Monte Carlo simulation platform with cloud computing
Authors: Fang Qianqian , Yan Shijie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSignificanceDespite the ample progress made towards faster and more accurate Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tools over the past decade, the limited usability and accessibility of these advanced modeling tools remain key barriers towards widespread use among the broad user community.AimAn open-source, high-performance, web-based MC simulator that builds upon modern cloud computing architectures is highly desirable to deliver state-of-the-art MC simulations and hardware acceleration to general users without the need for special hardware installation and optimization.ApproachWe have developed a configuration-free, in-browser 3-D MC simulation platform – MCX Cloud – built upon an array of robust and modern technologies, including a Docker Swarm-based cloud-computing backend and a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) that supports in-browser 3-D visualization, asynchronous data communication, and automatic data validation via JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) schemas.ResultsThe front-end of the MCX Cloud platform offers an intuitive simulation design, fast 3-D data rendering, and convenient simulation sharing. The Docker Swarm container orchestration backend is highly scalable and can support high-demand GPU MC simulations using Monte Carlo eXtreme (MCX) over a dynamically expandable virtual cluster.ConclusionMCX Cloud makes fast, scalable, and feature-rich MC simulations readily available to all biophotonics researchers without overhead. It is fully open-source and can be freely accessed at http://mcx.space/cloud.
The influence of multi-stenosis in the left coronary artery subjected to the variable blood flow rate
Authors: Kamangar Sarfaraz , Ameer Ahamad N. , Nik-Ghazali N. , Anqi Ali E. , Algahtani Ali , Ahamed Saleel C. , Javed Syed , Tirth Vineet , Yunus Khan T.M. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeCoronary artery disease (CAD) is reported as one of the most common sources of death all over the world. The presence of stenosis (plaque) in the coronary arteries results in the restriction of blood supply, leading to myocardial infarction. The current study investigates the influence of multi stenosis on hemodynamic properties in a patient-specific left coronary artery.Design/methodology/approachA three-dimensional model of the patient-specific left coronary artery was reconstructed based on computed tomography (CT) scan images using MIMICS-20 software. The diseased model of the left coronary artery was investigated, having the narrowing of 90% and 70% of area stenosis (AS) at the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX), respectively.FindingsThe results indicate that the upstream region of stenosis experiences very high pressure for 90% AS during the systolic period of the cardiac cycle. The pressure drops maximum as the flow travels into the stenotic zone, and the high flow velocities were observed across the 90% AS. The higher wall shear stresses occur at the stenosis region, and it increases with the increase in the flow rate. It is found that the maximum wall shear stress across 90% AS is at the highest risk for rupture. A recirculation region immediately after the stenosis results in the further development of stenosis.Originality/valueThe current study provides evidence that there is a strong effect of multi-stenosis on the blood flow in the left coronary artery.
Electroosmosis forces EOF driven boundary layer flow for a non-Newtonian fluid with planktonic microorganism: Darcy Forchheimer model
Authors: Zaher A.Z. , Ali Khalid K. , Mekheimer Kh. S. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The study of the electro-osmotic forces (EOF) in the flow of the boundary layer has been a topic of interest in biomedical engineering and other engineering fields. The purpose of this paper is to develop an innovative mathematical model for electro-osmotic boundary layer flow. This type of fluid flow requires sophisticated mathematical models and numerical simulations.

Design/methodology/approach
The effect of EOF on the boundary layer Williamson fluid model containing a gyrotactic microorganism through a non-Darcian flow (Forchheimer model) is investigated. The problem is formulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). By using suitable transformations, the PDEs system is transformed into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations subjected to the appropriate boundary conditions. Those equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method.

Findings
The boundary layer velocity is lower in the case of non-Newtonian fluid when it is compared with that for a Newtonian fluid. The electro-osmotic parameter makes an increase in the velocity of the boundary layer. The boundary layer velocity is lower in the case of non-Darcian fluid when it is compared with Darcian fluid and as the Forchheimer parameter increases the behavior of the velocity becomes more closely. Entropy generation decays speedily far away from the wall and an opposite effect occurs on the Bejan number behavior.

Originality/value
The present outcomes are enriched to give valuable information for the research scientists in the field of biomedical engineering and other engineering fields. Also, the proposed outcomes are hopefully beneficial for the experimental investigation of the electroosmotic forces on flows with non-Newtonian models and containing a gyrotactic microorganism.
Orchestrated learning: creating a company-specific production system (XPS)
Authors: Hekneby Torbjørn , Ingvaldsen Jonas A. , Benders Jos 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Companies create company-specific production systems (XPS) by tailoring generic concepts to fit their unique situation. However, little is known about how an XPS is created. This paper aims to provide insights into the creation of an XPS.

Design/methodology/approach
A retrospective case study was conducted in a Norwegian multinational company over the period 1991–2006, using archival data and interviews.

Findings
The development of the XPS did not start with a master plan. Instead, dispersed existing initiatives were built upon, along with an external search for novel ideas. Widespread experimentation took place, only later to be combined into a coherent approach. Once established, the XPS was disseminated internally and further refined. The CEO orchestrated the experimentation by facilitating the adaptation and combination of different concepts and by allocating resources to institutionalize the XPS in the global network.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to study how an XPS is created. This study contributes with novel empirical insights, and it highlights the role of top management in facilitating experimentation and step-by-step organizational learning.
Examining the antecedents of everyday rumor retransmission
Authors: Lin Tung-Ching , Huang Shiu-Li , Liao Wei-Xing 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study investigates factors that motivate social media users to retransmit rumors. We focus on everyday rumors rather than catastrophic rumors and develop a model of everyday rumor retransmission based on the uses and gratification theory, the rumor retransmission model, and the basic law of rumor.Design/methodology/approachAn Internet survey is conducted to collect data and test the proposed model. This study’s hypotheses are tested through partial least squares regression analysis.FindingsThe results show that socializing, information seeking and status seeking increase the intention to retransmit rumors. Perceived rumor credibility has a moderating effect on the impacts of socializing and status seeking on retransmission intention.Originality/valueOur research model provides a theoretical foundation for future studies that want to explore motivations or values that determine rumor-sharing intention on social media. The findings can help government agencies and businesses to manage rumor retransmission on social media.