bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Intraseasonal Waves on Angolan Warm and Cold Events
Authors: Imbol Koungue Rodrigue Anicet , Brandt Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intraseasonal variability of the tropical eastern boundary upwelling region in the Atlantic Ocean is investigated using multiyear mooring and satellite data. Pronounced oscillations of alongshore velocity and sea level off Angola at periods of about 90 and 120 days are observed. Similar spectral peaks are detected along the equator suggesting an equatorial forcing via equatorial and coastally trapped waves. Equatorial variability at 90 days is enhanced only in the eastern Atlantic likely forced by local zonal wind fluctuations. Variability at 120 days is generally stronger and linked to a second equatorial basin mode covering the whole equatorial basin. Besides forcing of the 120‐day variability by equatorial zonal winds, additional forcing of the resonant basin mode likely originates in the central and western tropical North Atlantic. The coastally trapped waves generated at the eastern boundary by the impinging equatorial Kelvin waves that are detected through their variations in sea level anomaly are associated with corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies delayed by about 14 days. Off Angola, those intraseasonal waves interfere with major coastal warm and cold events that occur every few years by either enhancing them as for the Benguela Niño in 1995 or damping them as for the warm event in 2001.
How Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability Change Water Use Efficiency in a Mediterranean Savanna Ecosystem
Authors: El‐Madany Tarek S. , Reichstein Markus , Carrara Arnaud , Martín M. Pilar , Moreno Gerardo , Gonzalez‐Cascon Rosario , Peñuelas Josep , Ellsworth David S. , Burchard‐Levine Vicente , Hammer Tiana W. , Knauer Jürgen , Kolle Olaf , Luo Yunpeng , Pacheco‐Labrador Javier , Nelson Jacob A. , Perez‐Priego Oscar , Rolo Victor , Wutzler Thomas , Migliavacca Mirco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNutrient availability, especially of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), is of major importance for every organism and at a larger scale for ecosystem functioning and productivity. Changes in nutrient availability and potential stoichiometric imbalance due to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition might lead to nutrient deficiency or alter ecosystem functioning in various ways. In this study, we present 6 years (2014–2020) of flux‐, plant‐, and remote sensing data from a large‐scale nutrient manipulation experiment conducted in a Mediterranean savanna‐type ecosystem with an emphasis on the effects of N and P treatments on ecosystem‐scale water‐use efficiency (WUE) and related mechanisms. Two plots were fertilized with N (NT, 16.9 Ha) and N + P (NPT, 21.5 Ha), and a third unfertilized plot served as a control (CT). Fertilization had a strong impact on leaf nutrient stoichiometry only within the herbaceous layer with increased leaf N in both fertilized treatments and increased leaf P in NPT. Following fertilization, WUE in NT and NPT increased during the peak of growing season. While gross primary productivity similarly increased in NT and NPT, transpiration and surface conductance increased more in NT than in NPT. The results show that the NPT plot with higher nutrient availability, but more balanced N:P leaf stoichiometry had the highest WUE. On average, higher N availability resulted in a 40% increased leaf area index (LAI) in both fertilized treatments in the spring. Increased LAI reduced aerodynamic conductance and thus evaporation at both fertilized plots in the spring. Despite reduced evaporation, annual evapotranspiration increased by 10% (48.6 ± 28.3 kg H2O m−2), in the NT plot, while NPT remained similar to CT (−1%, −6.7 ± 12.2 kgH2O m−2). Potential causes for increased transpiration at NT could be increased root biomass and thus higher water uptake or rhizosphere priming to increase P‐mobilization through microbes. The annual net ecosystem exchange shifted from a carbon source in CT (75.0 ± 20.6 gC m−2) to carbon‐neutral in both fertilized treatments [−7.0 ± 18.5 gC m−2 (NT) 0.4 ± 22.6 gC m−2 (NPT)]. Our results show, that the N:P stoichiometric imbalance, resulting from N addition (without P), increases the WUE less than the addition of N + P, due to the strong increase in transpiration at NT, which indicates the importance of a balanced N and P content for WUE.
Nitrogen‐Loads to Streams: Importance of Bypass Flow and Nitrate Removal Processes
Authors: Steiness Mads , Jessen Søren , van’t Veen Sofie G. M. , Kofod Tue , Højberg Anker Lajer , Engesgaard Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractN‐loads from subsurface, drains, and groundwater‐fed surface (bypass) flows via two riparian zones (crop field and wetland) to a second order stream were investigated by sampling of shallow and deep groundwater on both sides and monthly measurements of bypass flows from springs, drains, and stream including water quality (nitrate). A push‐pull test in the crop field gave a first‐order denitrification rate (0.23 day–1). Reactive transport modeling evaluated observations of water chemistry and denitrification processes in the groundwater below the crop field showing that nitrate was completely removed by denitrification with pyrite in the aquifer (model rates of 0.6–2.5 mmol NO3 L−1 yr−1). A drain in the crop field routed ∼10% (bypass) of the regional groundwater inflow to the stream. Buffer efficiency was high at 90%. The wetland on the other side of the stream hosts several locations of nitrate‐rich bypass flow from springs, predominantly through a non‐maintained drainage system of drainpipes and ditches with bypass flow accounting for 59% of the regional flow input. Nitrate was completely removed in groundwater by denitrification with dissolved organic matter in shallow groundwater. The regional inflow and N load to the wetland is amongst the highest recorded and data shows that the N load to the stream is very high. The buffer efficiency ranged from 45% to 83% depending on if all bypass flows contributed to the stream or only the two with visible outflow. A conceptual model for nitrate removal efficiency as a function of Damköhler number and percent bypass flow is proposed.
Impact of the 2018 Mars Global Dust Storm on the Ionospheric Peak: A Study Using a Photochemical Model
Authors: Mukundan Vrinda , Thampi Smitha V. , Bhardwaj Anil , Fang Xiaohua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report the impact of the 2018 Mars global dust storm on the ionosphere, in particular, its peak altitude during the onset and growth phases of the event. A one‐dimensional photochemical model is applied to estimate the ionospheric electron densities below 200 km using the measurements of in situ neutral densities and ionizing solar radiation by the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. Our model results show that while the peak density of the ionosphere on the dawn side during the dust storm is hardly impacted, the altitude of the peak layer may be lifted by ∼10 km. The simulation results support the MAVEN radio occultation observations that there is a time delay in the response of the ionospheric peak altitude in the southern hemisphere (SH), compared with the northern hemisphere (NH) during the dust storm development. Although the 2018 global dust storm developed in the northern Martian mid‐latitudes on 1 June and developed into a global dust event on 17 June, our study suggests that the impact on the ionospheric peak altitude near the equatorial and southern mid‐latitudes became important only after 22 June. This suggests that there was a time‐lag of about 3 weeks in the response of the Martian upper atmosphere of the SH to the dust storm that originated in the NH.
Parental education, parent–child relations and diagnosed mental disorders in childhood: prospective child cohort study
Authors: Holstein Bjørn E , Pant Sofie W , Ammitzbøll Janni , Laursen Bjarne , Madsen Katrine R , Skovgaard Anne Mette , Pedersen Trine P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Mental disorder in childhood is an important public health issue. We aimed to examine the prospective association between parental education at childbirth and diagnosed mental disorders in young children and explore whether this association was mediated or modified by parent–child relations in infancy.

Methods
Prospective cohort study of all newborn was from 2002 to 2010 from 16 municipalities in the capital region of Copenhagen, Denmark, with follow-up until their 8th birthday, N = 40 762. Baseline data included information from national population registers and from health visitors’ records at child aged 0 to 10 months. Outcome variable: any mental disorder diagnosed at hospital from age 11 months to 8 years.

Results
Low parental education was predictive of diagnosed child mental disorder, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.83 (95% CI 1.49–2.23). Problematic parent–child relation at age 8–10 months was also predictive of mental disorder, AOR = 2.06 (1.57–2.70) but did not mediate the association between parental education and mental disorder. AOR for mental disorders was 3.24 (2.03–5.16 for the combination vocational training and problematic parent–child relation and 2.49 (1.42–4.38) for the combination primary school and problematic parent–child relation.

Conclusions
Low parental education and problematic parent–child relation were independent risk factors for diagnosed mental disorders in the age span of 11 months to 8 years.
The alternative initiation factor eIF2A plays key role in RAN translation of myotonic dystrophy type 2 CCUG•CAGG repeats
Authors: Tusi Solaleh Khoramian , Nguyen Lien , Thangaraju Kiruphagaran , Li Jian , Cleary John D , Zu Tao , Ranum Laura P W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) proteins have been reported in 11 microsatellite expansion disorders but the factors that allow RAN translation to occur and the effects of different repeat motifs and alternative AUG-like initiation codons are unclear. We studied the mechanisms of RAN translation across myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) expansion transcripts with (CCUG) or without (CAGG) efficient alternative AUG-like codons. To better understand how DM2 LPAC and QAGR RAN proteins are expressed, we generated a series of CRISPR/Cas9-edited HEK293T cell lines. We show that LPAC and QAGR RAN protein levels are reduced in protein kinase R (PKR)−/− and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)−/− cells, with more substantial reductions of CAGG-encoded QAGR in PKR−/− cells. Experiments using mutant eIF2α-S51A HEK293T cells show that p-eIF2α is required for QAGR production. In contrast, LPAC levels were only partially reduced in these cells, suggesting that both non-AUG and close-cognate initiation occur across CCUG RNAs. Overexpression of the alternative initiation factor eIF2A increases LPAC and QAGR protein levels but, notably, has a much larger effect on QAGR expressed from CAGG-expansion RNAs that lack efficient close-cognate codons. The effects of eIF2A on increasing LPAC are consistent with previous reports that eIF2A affects CUG-initiation translation. The observation that eIF2A also increases QAGR proteins is novel because CAGG expansion transcripts do not contain CUG or similarly efficient close-cognate AUG-like codons. For QAGR but not LPAC, the eIF2A-dependent increases are not seen when p-eIF2α is blocked. These data highlight the differential regulation of DM2 RAN proteins and eIF2A as a potential therapeutic target for DM2 and other RAN diseases.
A compound deep learning model for long range forecasting in electricity sale.
Authors: Tang Tao , Zhang Yeqing , Feng Wenjiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccurate prediction of electricity sale has a positive effect on power companies in rationally arranging power supply plans, scientifically optimizing power resource allocation, improving power management efficiency, saving energy and reducing consumption. Predicting future electricity sale based on historical electricity sale data can essentially be summarized as a time series forecasting problem. This paper proposes a fast and memory-efficient method, which adopts the expressive power of deep neural networks and the time characteristics of sequence-to-sequence structure (parallel convolution and recurrent neural network) for long range forecasting in electricity sale. Through a large number of experiments and evaluation of real-world datasets, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved and verified in terms of prediction accuracy, time consuming and training speed.
Utility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of traumatic tracheobronchial injuries: case series
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , Ahmed Khalid , Rizoli Sandro , Chughtai Talat , Fawzy Ibrahim , El-Menyar Ayman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tracheobronchial injury is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition, and in most cases requires urgent treatment to restore normal respiratory physiology. Over the past decades, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has evolved as an important adjunct in airway surgery. We presented three cases of traumatic tracheobronchial injury managed with ECMO support at a level-1 trauma center and emphasized the benefits of anticipation and early institution of ECMO support perioperatively, in these high-risk cases. The management of traumatic tracheobronchial injuries requires early measures to guarantee adequate ventilation. Anticipation and early institution of ECMO in these patients may support respiratory physiology, facilitate repair and improve survival. The time factor and multidisciplinary communication and plan prior to intervention should be considered. ECMO support, whenever available, plays important role in the management of complicated tracheobronchial surgical procedure and thereby reduces risk of mortality.
Natural variation in rice ascorbate peroxidase gene APX9 is associated with a yield-enhancing QTL cluster
Authors: Jeon Yun-A , Lee Hyun-Sook , Kim Sun-Ha , Shim Kyu-Chan , Kang Ju-Won , Kim Hyun-Jung , Tai Thomas H , Ahn Sang-Nag 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We previously identified a cluster of yield-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) including plant height in CR4379, a near-isogenic line from a cross between Oryza sativa spp. japonica cultivar ‘Hwaseong’ and the wild relative Oryza rufipogon. Map-based cloning and transgenic approaches revealed that APX9, which encodes an l-ascorbate peroxidase 4, is associated with this cluster. A 3 bp InDel was observed leading to the addition of a valine in Hwaseong compared with O. rufipogon. APX9-overexpressing transgenic plants in the Hwaseong background were taller than Hwaseong. Consistent with these results, APX9 T-DNA insertion mutants in the japonica cultivar Dongjin were shorter. These results confirm that APX9 is the causal gene for the QTL cluster. Sequence analysis of APX9 from 303 rice accessions revealed that the 3 bp InDel clearly differentiates japonica (APX9HS) and O. rufipogon (APX9OR) alleles. indica accessions shared both alleles, suggesting that APX9HS was introgressed into indica followed by crossing. The finding that O. rufipogon accessions with different origins carry APX9OR suggests that the 3 bp insertion was specifically selected in japonica during its domestication. Our findings demonstrate that APX9 acts as a major regulator of plant development by controlling a valuable suite of agronomically important traits in rice.
Evidence of disc reflection in the X-ray spectrum of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636−536
Authors: Mondal Aditya S , Raychaudhuri B , Dewangan G C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a broad-band spectral analysis of the atoll source 4U 1636−536 observed for ∼92 ks with NuSTAR. The source was found to be in a low-luminosity state during this observation with 3–79 keV X-ray luminosity of L3–79 keV = (1.03 ± 0.01) × 1037 erg s−1, assuming a distance of 6 kpc. We have identified and removed 12 type-I X-ray bursts during this observation to study the persistent emission. The continuum is well described by a thermal Comptonization model nthcomp with Γ ∼ 1.9, kTe ∼ 28 keV, and kTs ∼ 0.9 keV. The NuSTAR data reveal a clear signature of disc reflection, a significantly broad Fe–K emission line (around 5–8 keV), and the corresponding reflection hump (around 15–30 keV). We have modelled the data with two relativistically blurred reflection models. Both families of reflection models prefer truncated inner disc radii prior to the ISCO. We find that the inner disc is truncated with an inner radius of Rin = 3.2–4.7 RISCO ($\simeq 16\!-\!24\, R_{\mathrm{ g}}\: \text{or}\: 36\!-\!54$ km). This inner disc radius suggests that the neutron star magnetic field strength is B ≤ 2.0 × 109 G.
Motion Characteristics of the Functional Spinal Unit During Lumbar Disc Injection (Discography) Including Comparison Between Normal and Degenerative Levels
Authors: Bartynski Walter S , Agarwal Vikas , Khan Abdullah S , Bandos Andriy I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
While provocation lumbar discography has been used to identify discs responsible for low back pain, the biomechanical effects of disc injection have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to assess the motion of the functional spinal unit including the endplate and facet/pedicle region during disc injection including comparison between normal and degenerative discs.

Subjects
Subjects represent 91 consecutive patients referred for discography with chronic low back pain.

Methods
Lateral projection vertebral motion was retrospectively analyzed at 232 levels (normal: 76 [32.8%], degenerative: 156 [67.2%]). Pre- and postinjection fluoroscopic images were size scaled, and lower endplates were superimposed on separate PowerPoint images. Upper endplate and facet/pedicle motion was separately and independently analyzed on toggled PowerPoint images, subjectively graded as prominent, intermediate, questionable/uncertain, or no motion. Disc morphology was graded using the anteroposterior/lateral postinjection disc appearance (Adams criteria).

Results
Prominent or intermediate endplate and facet/pedicle motion was identified at most lumbar levels with substantial overall agreement (degenerative: κ = 0.93, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.87–1.00; normal: κ = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.61–1.00). Degenerative levels were strongly associated with a lower degree of endplate and facet/pedicle motion compared with normal: (“prominent” motion grade: endplate: 61% [95/156] vs 89% [68/76], P &lt; 0.001; facet/pedicle: 60% [93/156] vs 88% [67/76], P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Disc injection expands the disc space inducing endplate motion, pedicle motion, and facet translation in almost all normal and most degenerate levels. Disc injection therefore biomechanically “provokes” the entire functional spinal unit. When provoked pain is encountered during lumbar discography, contribution from the associated facet joint and myotendinous insertions should be considered.
Parliamentary Intention: Deciphering Its Role in Statutory Interpretation in the Australian Constitutional Context
Authors: Wong Ki On Alex 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Parliamentary intention is a central aspect of statutory interpretation despite the many questions that exist concerning its normative role and desirability. In Lacey v. Attorney-General (Qld) and Zheng v. Cai, the High Court of Australia sought to diminish the role of objective parliamentary intention in statutory interpretation by alluding to a need for interpretive principles to be based on an understanding of the broader constitutional framework. This article argues that parliamentary intention has an important role to play within the modern statutory interpretation approach as adopted in Australia. Particularly, it is argued that an over-reliance upon statutory interpretation presumptions as a proxy for interpreting the legal meaning of statutes as opposed to an inquiry to discern parliamentary intention as informed by text, context, and purpose, leads to questionable interpretive results. Parliamentary intention is also consistent with the broader constitutional constraints as alluded by the High Court with respect to constitutional values such as the separation of powers between the judicial and legislative branch, and statutes being a product of an exercise of legislative power by democratically elected members of Parliament.
An Innovative Distance-Based Mentorship Program for Nurse Practitioner Student-Alumni Pairs
Authors: Faraz Covelli Asefeh , Flaherty Serena , McNelis Angela M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Little research exists on mentoring programs for nurse practitioner (NP) students. This pilot project aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a distance program with NP alumni mentoring NP students across the United States. Mentor-mentee pairs (113) were hand-matched and surveyed at six months to collect program data. Most mentees wanted more job-hunting and resume-writing tips; mentors were interested in receiving strategies for mentoring and calendar reminders of important school events. Alumni were interested in helping prepare future NPs by serving as mentors but needed training. Distance mentorship programs may require additional structured guidelines and resources to facilitate success.
Learning and Transfer Effects of an Unfolding Case Study in an Adult Health Nursing Course
Authors: Hobbs Jill R. , Robinson Cecil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There are few quantitative studies evaluating the impact of unfolding case studies on understanding and transfer of learning in nursing education. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an unfolding case study on undergraduate nursing students' learning outcomes. Teaching with unfolding case studies was compared to slide lecture using a pretest, posttest, and transfer test. The learning outcomes of students in the two groups were found to be not significantly different. Both instructional methods reveal similar learning outcomes.
The Effect of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Reduce Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Patricio Philippe , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Rohel Antoine , Gariépy Cynthia , Émond Camille , Hamel Élodie , Massé-Alarie Hugo 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis to evaluate noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) efficacy to alleviate pain and improve disability in low back pain (LBP).

Materials and Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed by a librarian in MEDLINE, Embase, EBM Reviews, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases (last search: January 14, 2021). Data were pooled by the number of sessions and follow-up periods. Independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and risk of bias. Pain reduction and disability were used as outcomes.

Results:
Twelve articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and 8 in the meta-analysis. A single session of NIBS reduced pain compared with sham (standardized mean difference: −0.47; P<0.001; very low–quality evidence). Repeated sessions of NIBS did not impact pain at short-term (mean difference [MD]: −0.31; P=0.23) or midterm (MD: −0.56; P=0.33; moderate quality evidence). Combining NIBS with cointerventions did not influence pain (MD: −0.31; P=0.30; moderate quality evidence). NIBS did not have a statistically significant impact on disability.

Discussion:
There is very low-quality evidence suggesting that a single NIBS session reduces LBP intensity. In contrast, there is moderate quality evidence that repeated NIBS sessions or combination with cointervention did not improve pain or disability. Thus, current results do not support NIBS use to treat chronic LBP. Considering that tDCS was tested in 8 of 12 studies with little success, studies focusing on different NIBS techniques or innovative parameters are required to determine their potential to improve pain and disability in chronic LBP.