bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A step towards SDMs: A “couple‐and‐weigh” framework based on accessible data for biodiversity conservation and landscape planning
Authors: Iannella Mattia , Console Giulia , Cerasoli Francesco , De Simone Walter , D’Alessandro Paola , Biondi Maurizio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe ongoing global change makes landscape planning and management of ecological corridors crucial to preserve biodiversity. We propose a workflow optimizing the use of different data sources to convert ecological niche models (ENMs) into landscape‐focused species distribution models (SDMs), using these latter to compute ecological corridors. We infer corridors connecting present occurrence localities to future climatic refugia as well as to localities where extinct populations occurred. Also, a continuous connectivity change index is proposed to assess current–future differences. Finally, we discuss possible applications of our workflow to conservation, assessing the capability of established protected areas to preserve ecological corridors.LocationEurope.MethodsAs case study to illustrate our framework, we use a database comprising occurrence localities of Vipera ursinii, one of the most endangered European reptiles. We obtain weighted SDMs for each of the four V. ursinii subspecies by coupling climate‐based ENMs with standardized occurrence frequencies along land use and altitude gradients through weighted averaging in GIS. We calculate current and future landscape connectivity for each subspecies based on the corresponding weighted SDM. We compare predictive performance of “traditional” ENMs, including climate, land use and topography as predictors and weighted SDMs.ResultsWeighted SDMs outperform ENMs, according to Boyce index. SDMs are used to infer connectivity, predicted to decrease in all future scenarios for V. ursinii, and assess where connections may favour movements of individuals to, for example, future suitable areas. Generally, protected areas are predicted to cover low‐connectivity territories.Main conclusionsThe proposed “couple‐and‐weigh” approach could represent a helpful tool to investigate biogeography, conservation and landscape planning topics, as it permits to capitalize on occurrence records and accessible environmental predictors by narrowing the target species’ potential distribution, estimated within “traditional” ENMs, to the realized one through post‐modelling GIS analyses, which in turn improves estimation of friction maps used to infer connectivity.
Diversity in spawning habitat use among Great Lakes Cisco populations
Authors: Paufve Matthew R. , Sethi Suresh A. , Weidel Brian C. , Lantry Brian F. , Yule Daniel L. , Rudstam Lars G. , Jonas Jory L. , Berglund Eric , Connerton Michael J. , Gorsky Dimitry , Herbert Matthew E. , Smith Jason 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCisco (Coregonus artedi) once dominated fish communities in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Restoring the abundance and distribution of this species has emerged as a management priority, yet our understanding of Cisco spawning habitat use is insufficient to characterise habitat needs for these populations and assess whether availability of suitable spawning habitat could be a constraint to recovery. We characterised the distribution of incubating Cisco eggs in situ across gradients of depth and substrate types to describe the spawning habitat used by three Great Lakes populations. In Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario, eggs were concentrated on shallow bedrock shoals and not found on deeper silt or sand substrate. In contrast, eggs in Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, and Elk Rapids, Lake Michigan, were found on deeper fine grain sediments with low utilisation of shallow rocky and cobble habitats. These patterns of egg incubation habitat use suggest a broad spawning habitat niche at the species level but distinct spawning habitat preferences at the population level. While our results indicate some historical diversity in spawning habitat use has been maintained across the species’ range in the Great Lakes, comparisons of contemporary spawning habitat utilisation against historical accounts raise questions as to whether some spawning habitat use behaviours may no longer be prevalent within specific lakes. Thus, characterising the portfolio of spawning strategies remaining within lakes may improve our understanding of habitat needs and identify opportunities to maintain population diversity while supporting Cisco rehabilitation.
The Darwin Agreement: A collaboration between Australian restoration organisations in support of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Armitage Chris , Auld Tony , Bradby Keith , Campbell Heather , Clarkson Bruce , Cox Andrew , Dixon Peter , Fitzsimons James , Foran Brendan , Howling Gary , McLeod Ian , Norrish Shane , O'Connor Patrick , O'Gorman Dermot , Slater Helen , Wrigley Damian 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe Darwin Agreement is a collective response from Australian national restoration organisations to the United Nation's declaration of 2021–2030 as the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. The agreement functions as terms of reference for a new alliance, the Restoration Decade Alliance, to optimise on‐ground actions and advocacy to retain native ecosystems, reduce impacts upon them and restore them to the highest extent practicable. The Restoration Decade Alliance is expected to grow in membership and influence throughout the Decade and to help galvanise increased action and improved policy across the whole of Australian society including government, industry and community sectors. The UN Decade initiative seeks to reinforce efforts of all players, small and large, to help shift the currently destructive trajectory of humankind to a trajectory of recovery for the benefit of humans and nature.
Defensive nymphs and water‐repellency in previously unknown galls of the social aphid Colophina monstrifica (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae)
Authors: Uematsu Keigo , Aoki Shigeyuki , Yang Man‐Miao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aphid Colophina monstrifica forms woolly colonies with sterile soldiers on the secondary host Clematis uncinata in Taiwan. However, the gall or primary‐host generation of C. monstrifica has not been found to date. We successfully induced galls of the species on Zelkova serrata by attaching its eggs to the trees, and also found a few naturally formed galls on another Z. serrata tree. The identity of the aphids was confirmed by examining their mitochondrial DNA sequences. First and second instar nymphs in the galls exhibited attacking behavior toward artificially introduced moth larvae. Observations with a scanning electron microscope revealed that the gall inner surface was densely covered with minute trichomes. This indicates the water repellency of the inner surface, and suggests that young nymphs of C. monstrifica dispose of honeydew globules outside the gall, as known in the congener Colophina clematis.
Local binary pattern and deep learning feature extraction fusion for COVID‐19 detection on computed tomography images
Authors: Mubarak Auwalu Saleh , Serte Sertan , Al‐Turjman Fadi , Ameen Zubaida Sa'id , Ozsoz Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe deadly coronavirus virus (COVID‐19) was confirmed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in December 2019. It is important to identify suspected patients as early as possible in order to control the spread of the virus, improve the efficacy of medical treatment, and, as a result, lower the mortality rate. The adopted method of detecting COVID‐19 is the reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), the process is affected by a scarcity of RT‐PCR kits as well as its complexities. Medical imaging using machine learning and deep learning has proved to be one of the most efficient methods of detecting respiratory diseases, but to train machine learning features needs to be extracted manually, and in deep learning, efficiency is affected by deep learning architecture and low data. In this study, handcrafted local binary pattern (LBP) and automatic seven deep learning models extracted features were used to train support vector machines (SVM) and K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) classifiers, to improve the performance of the classifier, a concatenated LBP and deep learning feature was proposed to train the KNN and SVM, based on the performance criteria, the models VGG‐19 + LBP achieved the highest accuracy of 99.4%. The SVM and KNN classifiers trained on the hybrid feature outperform the state of the art model. This shows that the proposed feature can improve the performance of the classifiers in detecting COVID‐19.
Credentialing and certification: Overview, science, and impact on policy, regulation, and practice
Authors: Chappell Kathy B. , Howard Matthew S. , Lundmark Vicki , Ivory Cathy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo engage the global nursing community in sharing knowledge, experiences, and lessons learned about credentialing of individual nurses to improve nursing practice, patient safety, and quality of care.BackgroundAlthough the United States has a long and robust history of credentialing individual nurses, the opportunity exists to expand the dialogue globally, and is supported by globally focused governing bodies who call for increased or expanded investment in nursing certification and credentialing. Foundational work to define and operationalize certification for research purposes and develop an administrative home for stakeholders interested in certification can be leveraged by countries and regions globally. Existing frameworks for credentialing research may be used to drive theory‐based research in the future.Sources of EvidencePubMed, International Council of Nurses, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, World Health Organization, American Nurses Association, American Nurses Credentialing Center, and the authors’ own experiences.DiscussionCredentialing as a form of self‐governance, as a method for public protection, and as a foundational element in the increasingly new forms of healthcare delivery is intensifying in importance. Credentials provide an opportunity to evaluate relationships between key elements such as nursing practice, environments where nursing care is delivered, and nursing programs with outcomes of interest for the profession such as safety, quality of care, and patient outcomes.ConclusionsEstablishing rigorous credentials for nurses demonstrates a commitment to excellence. Credentialing frameworks that are universally applied could enable nurses to move seamlessly across geographic boundaries, permit regulators and employers of nurses to have a common set of standards and expectations, and ensure a level of competency for nursing practice that can be interpreted and trusted by various stakeholders.Implications for Nursing PolicyPolicymakers have a pivotal role in advancing credentialing in nursing worldwide. Countries developing credentialing programs in nursing need to study their results to help inform how practice might be required to change over time.
Prevalence of dental neglect and associated risk factors in children and adolescents—A systematic review
Authors: Khalid Ghazal , Metzner Franka , Pawils Silke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDental neglect (DN) is characterized within the wider framework of child neglect, though it is under‐recognized by professionals.AimTo get an overview of the prevalence of DN worldwide and highlight the possible risk factors associated with it.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies on children and adolescents aged 0–19 years were included. Studies were identified by searching in the various scientific databases up to 14 January 2020.ResultsTen primary studies were included in which DN or indicators of DN were examined. The prevalence estimate range of DN reported by seven of the included studies after removing the outliers is from 34% to 56%. The prevalence of untreated caries reported by three of the included studies ranged from 38.9% to 99%. The education level and SES of parents and parental attitudes towards dental health affect children's oral health. Moreover, looked‐after children and children of refugees are at higher risk of DN.ConclusionThe study showed a high prevalence of DN and untreated caries. Due to the under‐reporting of DN and a limited number of included studies, the results cannot be generalized worldwide. There is a need to make policies that include reporting of DN to higher authorities by dental professionals.
Ordered domain engineering and physical property modification of Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 complex perovskite ceramics
Authors: Shi Rui Da , Liu Lu , Zhu Xiao Li , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the physical properties modification by ordered domain engineering has been systematically investigated in Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. The 1:2 ordered structure with an ordering degree up to 0.92 with uniform ordered domain size distribution is achieved in Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics after post‐densification annealing, where the significantly enhanced electric resistivity, thermal conductivity, and dielectric strength, and subsequently the superior energy storage characteristics are achieved. The dielectric strength increases from 618 kV cm–1 to 972 kV cm–1 in the present ceramics by such means of ordered domain engineering, while the energy storage density increases from 0.65 J cm–3 to 1.42 J cm–3. There are three primary parameters in ordered domain engineering: ordering degree, ordered domain size and its distribution, and ordered domain boundary type. The final physical properties are determined by these three parameters.
Slight up‐regulation of Kir2.1 channel promotes endothelial progenitor cells to transdifferentiate into a pericyte phenotype by Akt/mTOR/Snail pathway
Authors: Cui Xiaodong , Li Xiaoxia , He Yanting , Yu Jie , Dong Naijun , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt was shown that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have bidirectional differentiation potential and thus perform different biological functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of slight up‐regulation of the Kir2.1 channel on EPC transdifferentiation and the potential mechanism on cell function and transformed cell type. First, we found that the slight up‐regulation of Kir2.1 expression promoted the expression of the stem cell stemness factors ZFX and NS and inhibited the expression of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase. Further studies showed the slightly increased expression of Kir2.1 could also improve the expression of pericyte molecular markers NG2, PDGFRβ and Desmin. Moreover, adenovirus‐mediated Kir2.1 overexpression had an enhanced contractile response to norepinephrine of EPCs. These results suggest that the up‐regulated expression of the Kir2.1 channel promotes EPC transdifferentiation into a pericyte phenotype. Furthermore, the mechanism of EPC transdifferentiation to mesenchymal cells (pericytes) was found to be closely related to the channel functional activity of Kir2.1 and revealed that this channel could promote EPC EndoMT by activating the Akt/mTOR/Snail signalling pathway. Overall, this study suggested that in the early stage of inflammatory response, regulating the Kir2.1 channel expression affects the biological function of EPCs, thereby determining the maturation and stability of neovascularization.
Rethinking researcher bias in health research
Authors: Buetow Stephen , Zawaly Kristina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBias is an ambiguous term, defined in different ways. In conventional usage, it indicates unwarranted prejudice. However, in health research, the notion that bias is invariably bad is biased. Although research bias is an error that is always harmful, researcher bias is a tendency to think in a particular way that may obscure or illuminate attempts to address research questions. Researcher bias begins with pre‐judgements whose continuing evaluation infuses the subjectivity of researchers as persons who are socially situated in health sciences focusing on human subjects. Two sets of conditions can make this bias in health researchers useful. The first is volume control. Researchers can vary the loudness of their own and other voices in different research environments. The second condition is smart working. It balances researcher bias against analytic thinking to work creatively with irregularity and uncertainty. Thus, health researchers need to bring their biases to consciousness. A dialectical approach can then engage the biases as conversational partners to innovate health policy that is informed by principles including transparency, good faith and tolerance. Less critical than whether researchers are biased is whose interests their bias serves given their positionality and role.
Design, development, and evaluation of paneer‐making machine
Authors: Sivaranjani S. , Pandian N. Karpoora Sundara , Prasath V. Arun , Pandiselvam R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPaneer is an acid‐set dairy product having rising demand in the Indian subcontinent. A low‐cost machine was developed at the Department of Food Plant Operations, College of Food and Dairy Technology, India to mechanize the paneer production. The designed machine consisted of a milk heating tank, coagulation tank, pressing unit, and controller unit. The machine was evaluated for its performance in terms of yield (%), moisture content (% w.b.), acidity (%), and organoleptic properties at different levels of factors such as pressure applied (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 MPa), coagulant (vinegar and citric acid), and coagulation temperature (70, 80, and 90°C). In comparison, a maximum yield of 16.74% and hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness values of 25723.03 g, −21.90 g·s, and 8998.93, respectively, were obtained when vinegar was used as coagulant at the coagulation temperature of 80°C at 0.5 MPa of applied pressure. The corresponding treatment recorded a moisture content of 51.35% (w.b.). The working capacity of the developed machine was 40 L/hr. The operational cost of the automatic paneer‐making machine was Rs. 2.11 per liter ($0.028 per liter), whereas it was estimated to be Rs. 2.56 per liter ($0.034 per liter) in the manual method. Thus, the developed machine proved to be economically feasible when compared to the manual method.Practical ApplicationsThe current manual practice followed for the production of paneer is tedious, time‐consuming, and laborious. Technology was developed toward the mechanization of unit operations involved in paneer processing for the benefit of the cottage industry. The research findings will reduce human drudgery, unhygienic handling, and hence quality paneer can be manufactured at low cost. This research would make a way to find automated paneer production techniques.
Disproportionate increases in schizophrenia diagnoses among Black nursing home residents with ADRD
Authors: Fashaw‐Walters Shekinah A. , McCreedy Ellen , Bynum Julie P. W. , Thomas Kali S. , Shireman Theresa I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research demonstrated an increase in the reporting of schizophrenia diagnoses among nursing home (NH) residents after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care. Given known health and healthcare disparities among Black NH residents, we examined how race and Alzheimer's and related dementia (ADRD) status influenced the rate of schizophrenia diagnoses among NH residents following the partnership.MethodsWe used a quasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences design to study the quarterly prevalence of schizophrenia among US long‐stay NH residents aged 65 years and older, by Black race and ADRD status. Using 2011–2015 Minimum Data Set 3.0 assessments, our analysis controlled for age, sex, measures of function and frailty (activities of daily living [ADL] and Changes in Health, End‐stage disease and Symptoms and Signs scores) and behavioral expressions.ResultsThere were over 1.2 million older long‐stay NH residents, annually. Schizophrenia diagnoses were highest among residents with ADRD. Among residents without ADRD, Black residents had higher rates of schizophrenia diagnoses compared to their nonblack counterparts prior to the partnership. Following the partnership, Black residents with ADRD had a significant increase of 1.7% in schizophrenia as compared to nonblack residents with ADRD who had a decrease of 1.7% (p = 0.007).ConclusionsFollowing the partnership, Black NH residents with ADRD were more likely to have a schizophrenia diagnosis documented on their MDS assessments, and schizophrenia rates increased for Black NH residents with ADRD only. Further work is needed to examine the impact of “colorblind” policies such as the partnership and to determine if schizophrenia diagnoses are appropriately applied in NH practice, particularly for black Americans with ADRD.
The role of social media for patients with temporomandibular disorders: A content analysis of Reddit
Authors: Bronda Serena , Ostrovsky Michelle Greta , Jain Shruti , Malacarne Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial media is frequently used to discuss health topics among users. Reddit is a popular social media platform particularly suit for discussion about chronic illness because of its anonymity that allow users to express uninhibited feelings. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) represent a chronic painful disorder which has been rarely studied in terms of social media discussion.ObjectivesBy exploring how Reddit is used to discuss about TMD, we aim to raise awareness to clinicians involved in TMD management about the online discussion on this topic.MethodsA quantitative content analysis was performed on a pool of most relevant threads and comments about the topic “TMJ” on Reddit. Following a codebook, two independent coders assessed multiple clinically relevant variables. A third subject resolved eventual discrepancies.ResultsReddit is mostly used by subjects with TMD asking for advice to other users about symptoms and treatment modalities. The most discussed causes of TMD were bruxism and dental occlusion, and the most discussed treatments were oral appliance therapy and complementary and alternative treatments. The most favourable opinions about treatment modalities were for self‐care and behavioural therapy while the least favourable opinions were for surgery and irreversible dental treatments.ConclusionsReddit represents an excellent data‐mining platform to retrieve valuable information about health‐related discussion by the community. Our findings suggest an overall alignment of such discussion with evidence‐based science about TMD; however, to further increase this trend, we encourage healthcare provider to take an active role in the digital spread of scientifically valid information.