bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drell-Yan qT resummation of fiducial power corrections at N3LL
Authors: Ebert Markus A. , Michel Johannes K. L. , Stewart Iain W. , Tackmann Frank J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider Drell-Yan production pp → V*X → LX at small qT ≪ Q, where qT and Q are the total transverse momentum and invariant mass of the leptonic final state L. Experimental measurements require fiducial cuts on L, which in general introduce enhanced, linear power corrections in qT/Q. We show that they can be unambiguously predicted from factorization, and resummed to the same order as the leading-power contribution. For the fiducial qT spectrum, they constitute the complete linear power corrections. We thus obtain predictions for the fiducial qT spectrum to N3LL and next-to-leading-power in qT/Q. Matching to full NNLO ($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

), we find that the linear power corrections are indeed the dominant ones, and once included by factorization, the remaining fixed-order corrections become almost negligible below qT ≲ 40 GeV. We also discuss the implications for more complicated observables, and provide predictions for the fiducial ϕ* spectrum at N3LL+NNLO. We find excellent agreement with ATLAS and CMS measurements of qT and ϕ*. We also consider the $$ {p}_T^{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

p
T
ℓ

spectrum. We show that it develops leptonic power corrections in qT/(Q − 2$$ {p}_T^{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

p
T
ℓ

), which diverge near the Jacobian peak $$ {p}_T^{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

p
T
ℓ

∼ Q/2 and must be kept to all powers to obtain a meaningful result there. Doing so, we obtain for the first time an analytically resummed result for the $$ {p}_T^{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

p
T
ℓ

spectrum around the Jacobian peak at N3LL+NNLO. Our method is based on performing a complete tensor decomposition for hadronic and leptonic tensors. We show that in practice this is equivalent to often-used recoil prescriptions, for which our results now provide rigorous, formal justification. Our tensor decomposition yields nine Lorentz-scalar hadronic structure functions, which for Z/γ* → ℓℓ or W → ℓν directly map onto the commonly used angular coefficients, but also holds for arbitrary leptonic final states. In particular, for suitably defined Born-projected leptons it still yields a LO-like angular decomposition even when including QED final-state radiation. Finally, we also discuss the application to qT subtractions. Including the unambiguously predicted fiducial power corrections significantly improves their performance, and in particular makes them applicable near kinematic edges where they otherwise break down due to large leptonic power corrections.
Electric dipole moments in the extended scotogenic models
Authors: Fujiwara Motoko , Hisano Junji , Kanai Chihiro , Toma Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electric dipole moments (EDMs) of charged leptons arise from a new source of CP violation in the lepton sector. In this paper, we calculate the EDMs of the charged leptons in the minimal scotogenic model with two singlet fermions, and the models extended with one or two triplet fermions instead of the singlet fermions, taking into account the constraints of the neutrino oscillation data, the charged lepton flavor violation and perturbative unitarity bound for the Yukawa couplings. We show that the hybrid model with one singlet and one triplet fermions predicts an electron EDM larger than the other models in both normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. We find some parameter space has already been ruled out by the current upper bound of the electron EDM and further parameter space can be explored by future experiments.
Scattering of Goldstone bosons and resonance production in a composite Higgs model on the lattice
Authors: Drach Vincent , Janowski Tadeusz , Pica Claudio , Prelovsek Sasa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We calculate the coupling between a vector resonance and two Goldstone bosons in SU(2) gauge theory with Nf = 2 Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation. The considered theory can be used to construct a minimal Composite Higgs models. The coupling is related to the width of the vector resonance and we determine it by simulating the scattering of two Goldstone bosons where the resonance is produced. The resulting coupling is gVPP = 7.8 ± 0.6, not far from gρππ ≃ 6 in QCD. This is the first lattice calculation of the resonance properties for a minimal UV completion. This coupling controls the production cross section of the lightest expected resonance at the LHC and enters into other tests of the Standard Model, from Vector Boson Fusion to electroweak precision tests. Our prediction is crucial to constrain the model using lattice input and for understanding the behavior of the vector meson production cross section as a function of the underlying gauge theory. We also extract the coupling $$ {g}_{\mathrm{VPP}}^{\mathrm{KSRF}} $$

g
VPP
KSRF

= 9.4 ± 0.6 assuming the vector-dominance and find that this phenomenological estimate slightly overestimates the value of the coupling.
Anpassung des Meldesystems gemäß Infektionsschutzgesetz im Jahr 2020 aufgrund von COVID-19
Authors: Diercke Michaela , Claus Hermann , Rexroth Ute , Hamouda Osamah 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie hat Anpassungen des Meldesystems gemäß Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) erforderlich gemacht. Da COVID-19 bis dahin unbekannt war, gab es noch keine spezifische Meldepflicht für diese Infektionskrankheit. Sie fiel jedoch unter die Meldepflicht für bedrohliche übertragbare Krankheiten nach § 6 Abs. 1 Nr. 5 IfSG. Sobald absehbar war, dass es sich nicht nur um Einzelfälle handeln würde, wurde die Meldepflicht zunächst per Verordnung angepasst und später in das IfSG aufgenommen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Anpassungen des Meldesystems beschrieben, die im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie im Verlauf des Jahres 2020 erfolgten.Neben der Einführung der Meldepflicht für COVID-19 wurden auch die Meldeinhalte erweitert, um Informationen, die speziell für COVID-19 relevant sind, erfassen zu können. Um den Arbeitsaufwand in Laboren und im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) beim Absetzen bzw. Verarbeiten der Meldungen zu reduzieren, wurde ein elektronisches Verfahren für Labormeldungen von SARS-CoV-2-Nachweisen eingeführt. Dies geschah im Rahmen der Entwicklung des Deutschen Elektronischen Melde- und Informationssystems für den Infektionsschutz (DEMIS). Zudem wurden umfangreiche Anpassungen in der Software für das Fall- und Kontaktpersonenmanagement vorgenommen.Die an das Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) übermittelten Meldedaten bilden eine wichtige Grundlage für die Bewertung der epidemiologischen Situation und werden während der COVID-19-Pandemie tagesaktuell über diverse Wege zur Verfügung gestellt. Damit diese Daten immer zeitnah und in guter Qualität vorliegen, sollte die IT-Infrastruktur im ÖGD noch weiter modernisiert werden. Insbesondere sollte DEMIS wie geplant weiter ausgebaut werden.
Entwicklung eines Ivermectin-haltigen Saftes als Magistralrezeptur für Kinder zur Therapie der Skabies
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Stadie L. , Neubert R. H. H. , Bosse K. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Therapie der Skabies kann orales Ivermectin eingesetzt werden. Die Evidenz für einen sicheren und wirksamen Einsatz bei Kleinkindern im Einzelheilversuch ist erarbeitet worden und publiziert. Um eine körpergewichtsadaptierte Dosierung auch für Kinder zu gewährleisten, wurde ein Ivermectin-haltiger Saft als Magistralrezeptur entwickelt.

Material und Methoden
Da Ivermectin nicht als Reinsubstanz für die Rezeptur zur Verfügung steht, wurden wirkstoffhaltige Tabletten als Ausgangsmaterial für die Entwicklung benutzt. Die Formulierung wurde entsprechend pharmazeutischer, regulatorischer und gebrauchsorientierter Kriterien konzipiert. Zum Nachweis der chemischen Stabilität wurde eine HPLC(Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie)-Methode erarbeitet und validiert. Um die praktische Umsetzung zu erleichtern, wurden zudem Angaben zu geeigneten Packmitteln und zu Applikationshilfen erarbeitet, und die Rezeptur wurde taxiert.

Ergebnisse
Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die finale Rezeptur stabil in der Apotheke hergestellt und über 3 Wochen gelagert werden kann. Es haben sich keine Bedenken bezüglich der Verträglichkeit des Rezeptursaftes ergeben. Die physikochemischen Eigenschaften und der Geschmack der Rezeptur ermöglichen den beabsichtigten Gebrauch als gut dosierbaren Saft für Kinder.

Schlussfolgerung
Die entwickelte Rezeptur entspricht den Anforderungen der Apothekenbetriebsordnung (§ 7 ApBetrO) und ermöglicht eine exakte, körpergewichtsadaptierte Dosierung von oralem Ivermectin bei Kleinkindern. Untersuchungen zur Pharmakokinetik am Menschen bzw. klinische Studien zum Nachweis der Verträglichkeit und/oder Wirksamkeit liegen für die Rezeptur nicht vor.
Genome-wide copy number variations as molecular diagnostic tool for cutaneous intermediate melanocytic lesions: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Ebbelaar Chiel F. , Jansen Anne M. L. , Bloem Lourens T. , Blokx Willeke A. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCutaneous intermediate melanocytic neoplasms with ambiguous histopathological features are diagnostically challenging. Ancillary cytogenetic techniques to detect genome-wide copy number variations (CNVs) might provide a valuable tool to allow accurate classification as benign (nevus) or malignant (melanoma). However, the CNV cut-off value to distinguish intermediate lesions from melanoma is not well defined. We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to evaluate the use of CNVs to classify intermediate melanocytic lesions. A total of 31 studies and 431 individual lesions were included. The CNV number in intermediate lesions (median 1, interquartile range [IQR] 0–2) was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to that in benign lesions (median 0, IQR 0–1) and lower (p<0.001) compared to that in malignant lesions (median 6, IQR 4–11). The CNV number displayed excellent ability to differentiate between intermediate and malignant lesions (0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.94, p<0.001). Two CNV cut-off points demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity higher than 80%. A cut-off of ≥3 CNVs corresponded to 85% sensitivity and 84% specificity, and a cut-off of ≥4 CNVs corresponded to 81% sensitivity and 91% specificity, respectively. This individual patient data meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of CNVs in cutaneous intermediate melanocytic lesions, based on the largest pooled cohort of ambiguous melanocytic neoplasms to date. Our meta-analysis suggests that a cut-off of ≥3 CNVs might represent the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity in clinical practice to differentiate intermediate lesions from melanoma.
Quantifying Crude Oil Contamination in Sand and Soil by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gizatullin Bulat , Papmahl Eric , Mattea Carlos , Stapf Siegfried 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCrude oil frequently contains stable radicals that allow detection by means of EPR spectroscopy. On the other hand, most sands and soils possess significant amounts of iron, manganese or other metallic species that often provide excessively broad EPR signatures combined with well-defined sharp features by quartz defects. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility to identify oil contamination in natural environments that are subject to oil spillage during production on land, as well as beachside accumulation of marine oil spillage. Straightforward identification of oil is enabled by the radical contributions of asphaltenes, in particular by vanadyl multiplets that are absent from natural soils. This potentially allows for high-throughput soil analysis or the application of mobile EPR scanners.
Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone
Authors: Raffield Ben 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, archaeological studies of long-term change and transformation in the human past have often been dominated by the discussion of dichotomous processes of ‘collapse’ and ‘resilience’. These discussions are frequently framed in relatively narrow terms dictated by specialist interests that place an emphasis on the role of single ‘trigger’ factors as motors for historic change. In order to address this issue, in this article I propose that the study of the ‘shatter zone’—a term with origins in physical geography and geopolitics that has been more recently harnessed in anthropological research—has the potential to facilitate multi-scalar, interdisciplinary analyses of the ways in which major historical changes unfold across both space and time, at local, regional, and inter-regional levels. This article unpacks the concept of the shatter zone and aligns this with existing archaeological frameworks for the study of long-term adaptive change. I then situate these arguments within the context of recent studies of colonial interaction and conflict in the Eastern Woodlands of North America during the sixteenth to eighteenth century. The study demonstrates how a more regulated approach to the shatter zone has the potential to yield new insights on the ways in which populations mitigate and react to instability and change while also facilitating comparative studies of these processes on a broader, global scale.
AUTOMAT[R]IX: learning simple matrix pipelines
Authors: Contreras-Ochando Lidia , Ferri Cèsar , Hernández-Orallo José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMatrices are a very common way of representing and working with data in data science and artificial intelligence. Writing a small snippet of code to make a simple matrix transformation is frequently frustrating, especially for those people without an extensive programming expertise. We present AUTOMATIX, a system that is able to induce R program snippets from a single (and possibly partial) matrix transformation example provided by the user. Our learning algorithm is able to induce the correct matrix pipeline snippet by composing primitives from a library. Because of the intractable search space—exponential on the size of the library and the number of primitives to be combined in the snippet, we speed up the process with (1) a typed system that excludes all combinations of primitives with inconsistent mapping between input and output matrix dimensions, and (2) a probabilistic model to estimate the probability of each sequence of primitives from their frequency of use and a text hint provided by the user. We validate AUTOMATIX with a set of real programming queries involving matrices from Stack Overflow, showing that we can learn the transformations efficiently, from just one partial example.
Polarity Items in Basque
Authors: Etxeberria Urtzi , Tubau Susagna , Borràs-Comes Joan , Espinal M. Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental investigation that looks into the acceptability and interpretation judgements that Basque native speakers give to sentences with multiplei-/bat ereindefinites in declarative sentences. It is argued that Basquei-/bat ereindefinites are Polarity Items (PIs) rather than Negative Concord Items (NCIs), as they are consistently associated with an existential reading in unacceptable declarative sentences without an overt negative licensor. That is, Basquei-/bat ereindefinites never give rise to a negative interpretation in the absence of an overt negative marker. It is also argued that Basque PIs differ from NCIs in Strict Negative Concord languages such as Greek in relevant ways, thus reinforcing the conclusion that Basque is not a NC language. This study contributes to a better understanding of the conditions that an indefinite expression must meet to be classified as a PI or as an NCI.
Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions: a Systematic Review
Authors: Marcinkowska Anna B. , Mankowska Natalia D. , Kot Jacek , Winklewski Pawel J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a modality of treatment in which patients inhale 100% oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber pressurised to greater than 1 atmosphere. The aim of this review is to discuss neuropsychological findings in various neurological disorders treated with HBOT and to open new perspectives for therapeutic improvement. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) database from the inception up 10 May 2020. Eligibility criteria included original articles published in English. Case studies were excluded. Full-text articles were obtained from the selected studies and were reviewed on the following inclusion criteria (1) performed cognitive processes assessment (2) performed HBOT with described protocol. Two neuropsychologists independently reviewed titles, abstracts, full texts and extracted data. The initial search retrieved 1024 articles, and a total of 42 studies were finally included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search yielded controversial results with regard to the efficiency of HBOT in various neurological conditions with cognitive disturbance outcome. To the best of our knowledge this is the first state-of-the art, systematic review in the field. More objective and precise neuropsychological assessment methods are needed to exact evaluation of the efficacy of HBOT for neuropsychological deficits. Future studies should widen the assessment of HBOT effects on different cognitive domains because most of the existing studies have focussed on a single process. Finally, there is a need for further longitudinal studies.
Possible consequences of an inability of plants to control manganese uptake
Authors: White Philip J. , Neugebauer Konrad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This commentary presents several thoughts elicited by the observation of Lambers et al. (Plant Soil, 2021) in this Special Issue that the release of carboxylates by roots increases manganese (Mn) uptake by plants. Manganese is a plant nutrient, but is toxic in excess. Root cells take up Mn from the rhizosphere solution through non-specific transporters, whose activities are regulated by elements other than Mn, and Mn phytoavailability in soil is also impacted by plant nutritional status of elements other than Mn. These complications could result in a plant being unable to respond appropriately to vagaries in Mn phytoavailability.

Scope
The release of carboxylates by roots increases Mn phytoavailability and Mn uptake by plants. Lambers et al. (Plant Soil, 2021) suggest that this phenomenon might be used to identify plant species that release carboxylates into the rhizosphere in response to P deficiency. We suggest that, for the approach of Lambers and colleagues to be successful, it is necessary for all plants being compared (1) to be capable of increasing root Mn uptake and leaf Mn concentration should carboxylates be released, and increase these to a similar extent for the approach to be quantitative, and (2) to tolerate the greater tissue Mn concentrations resulting from increased Mn phytoavailability.

Conclusions
We observe (1) that the leaf Mn requirement, critical leaf Mn concentration for toxicity and capacity for Mn accumulation when grown hydroponically in a nutrient-replete solution are all positively correlated among plant species, which suggests that they might have evolved in parallel, and (2) that, although some orders containing species accumulating large shoot Mn concentrations are typically non-mycorrhizal and release carboxylates into the rhizosphere, such as the Proteales, many orders containing species with this trait are characterised by conventional mycorrhizal associations.
Initial quantitative development of the Norse Feedback system: a novel clinical feedback system for routine mental healthcare
Authors: McAleavey Andrew A. , Nordberg Samuel S. , Moltu Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
As routine outcome monitoring has become prevalent in psychological practice, there is need for measurement tools covering diverse symptoms, treatment processes, patient strengths, and risks. Here we describe the development and initial tests of the psychometric properties of a multi-scale system for use in mental healthcare, Norse Feedback.

Methods
In Study 1, we present the item-generation process and structure of the Norse Feedback, a 17-scale digital-first measurement tool for psychopathology and treatment-relevant variables. In Study 2, we present analyses of this initial measure in a nonclinical sample of 794 healthy controls and a sample of 222 mental health patients. In Study 3, we present the analysis of a revised 20-scale system in two separate samples of patients. In each analysis, we investigate item and test information in particular, including analysis of differential item functioning on gender, age, site, and sample differences where applicable.

Results
Scales performed variably. Changes to items and scales are described. Several scales appeared to reliably discriminate individuals entering mental health treatment on severity, and others are less reliable. Marked improvements in scale internal consistency and measurement precision were observed between the first and second implemented versions.

Conclusion
This system includes some scales with reasonable structural validity, though several areas for future development are identified. The system was developed to be iteratively re-evaluated, to strengthen the validity of its scales over time. There are currently a number of limitations on inferences from these scores, which future developments should address.
Teacher-Directed Learning Approaches and Science Achievement: Investigating the Importance of Instructional Explanations in Australian Schools
Authors: Cairns Dean , Areepattamannil Shaljan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the relationships of teacher-directed approaches with science achievement in Australian schools. The data for this study were drawn from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 database and analysed using multilevel modelling (MLM). MLMs were estimated to test the contribution of each item to students’ science achievement scores and to estimate the mediation effect of teacher explanations on these relationships. Only explicit, teacher-directed practices demonstrated a significant, positive association with science achievement. The positive, significant nature of the item ‘the teacher explains scientific ideas’ (B = 29.61, p < 0.001) suggested that this practice should take place in all science lessons. In the mediation model, the explicit, teacher-directed approaches in the inquiry scale revealed a significant indirect effect on science achievement, through the process of the teacher explaining scientific ideas. This indicated that effective explanations also underpin other instructional approaches such as contextualised science learning. These findings, accompanied by an analysis of the teacher-directed items and their relationships to science outcomes, give teachers and policymakers clear guidance regarding the effective use of instructional explanations in the science classroom.