bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computational deep learning investigation of animacy perception in the human brain
Authors: Duyck Stefanie , Costantino Andrea I. , Bracci Stefania , Op de Beeck Hans 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe functional organization of the human object vision pathway distinguishes between animate and inanimate objects. To understand animacy perception, we explore the case of zoomorphic objects resembling animals. While the perception of these objects as animal-like seems obvious to humans, such “Animal bias” is a striking discrepancy between the human brain and deep neural networks (DNNs). We computationally investigated the potential origins of this bias. We successfully induced this bias in DNNs trained explicitly with zoomorphic objects. Alternative training schedules failed to cause an Animal bias. We considered the superordinate distinction between animate and inanimate classes, the sensitivity for faces and bodies, the bias for shape over texture, the role of ecologically valid categories, recurrent connections, and language-informed visual processing. These findings provide computational support that the Animal bias for zoomorphic objects is a unique property of human perception yet can be explained by human learning history.
Perennial flower strips in agricultural landscapes strongly promote earthworm populations
Authors: Vaupel Anna , Bednar-Konski Zita , Olivera Matías , Herwig Nadine , Hommel Bernd , Beule Lukas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe loss of soil biodiversity through agricultural intensification is a major contributor to the collapse of ecosystem services. Despite their wide application to promote biodiversity, the impact of flower strips on soil organisms is largely unknown. Here, we studied the effects of perennial flower strips on earthworm communities at 46 sites with paired croplands and perennial flower strips. Earthworm population densities in flower strips were on average 231% greater than in adjacent croplands. Flower strips can enable the establishment of anecic and epigeic populations at sites at which they are absent in croplands. Furthermore, flower strips likely serve as a habitat for the reproduction of endogeic earthworms. We expect that the promotion of earthworms through flower strips improves soil functions and benefits higher trophic taxa. We propose that optimized seed mixtures, improved spatial configuration, and establishment of temporal continuity of flower strips can further promote soil ecosystem services.
Debris flows in the northern Tien Shan, Central Asia: regional database, meteorological triggers, and trends
Authors: Shahgedanova Maria , Saidaliyeva Zarina , Mussina Ainur , Kapitsa Vassily , Raimbekova Zhanar , Donskikh Denis , Kissebayev Daulet , Kasenov Murat , Petrov Maxim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDebris flows, caused by Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) or extreme weather, threaten lives and infrastructure in the northern Tien Shan. A geo-referenced database of 458 debris flow events of different geneses was compiled for the region. Between 1887 and 2020, there were 55 GLOF events, all resulting in debris flow formation. Their frequency peaked in the 1970s and declined afterwards. These events were associated with high air temperatures but not heavy rainfall. Debris flows unrelated to GLOFs were documented in the central Ile Alatau for the 1931–2020 period. They were predominantly caused by short-duration intense rainfall (pluvial debris flows) and/or intense glaciers and snowmelt. The median rainfall intensity triggering pluvial debris flows was 22–28 mm/day, depending on the catchment. There was no long-term trend in the frequency of pluvial debris flows, but their formation is increasingly observed at higher elevations.
SMGNFORMER: Fusion Mamba‐graph transformer network for human pose estimation
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Zan , Niu Weiran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the field of 3D human pose estimation (HPE), many deep learning algorithms overlook the topological relationships between 2D keypoints, resulting in imprecise regression of 3D coordinates and a notable decline in estimation performance. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel approach to 3D HPE, termed the Spatial Mamba Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN) Former (SMGNFormer). The proposed method utilises the Mamba architecture to extract spatial information from 2D keypoints and integrates GCNs with multi‐head attention mechanisms to build a relational graph of 2D keypoints across a global receptive field. The outputs are subsequently processed by a Time‐Frequency Feature Fusion Transformer to estimate 3D human poses. SMGNFormer demonstrates superior estimation performance on the Human3.6M dataset and real‐world video data compared to most Transformer‐based algorithms. Moreover, the proposed method achieves a training speed comparable to PoseFormerv2, providing a clear advantage over other methods in its category.
Clean generations in sub‐synchronous resonance damping: Mathematical modelling, control, and analysis of tidal power generation
Authors: Mokhtari Maghsoud , Davoudkhani Iraj Faraji , Golshannavaz Sajjad , Yazdaninejadi Amin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increased deployment of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based tidal power generation systems (TPGSs) offers a promising avenue for clean energy generation within smart grid frameworks. This technology not only contributes to renewable energy production but also can tackle the challenges associated with power system stability, particularly concerning sub‐synchronous resonance (SSR). Therefore, the contribution of TPGSs on power system stability needs to be modelled and analysed in depth. Given a special emphasis on SSR damping, this article undertakes the mathematical modelling and control of energy system in conjunction with the utility‐scale DFIG‐based TPGS where the parameters of auxiliary SSR damping controller implemented on main control loops of TPGS are optimised. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies, two primary analytical methods are employed. The eigenvalue and fast Fourier transform analyses are used to assess the efficiency of the proposed control strategy on SSR suppression. Extensive simulation studies, performed on IEEE second benchmark test‐system, are devised to interrogate the performance of DFIG‐based TPGS on stability enhancement. Results are discussed in depth.
First unambiguous detection of ammonia in the atmosphere of a planetary mass companion with JWST/MIRI coronagraphs
Authors: Mâlin Mathilde , Boccaletti Anthony , Perrot Clément , Baudoz Pierre , Rouan Daniel , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Waters Rens , Güdel Manuel , Henning Thomas , Vandenbussche Bart , Absil Olivier , Barrado David , Charnay Benjamin , Choquet Elodie , Cossou Christophe , Danielski Camilla , Decin Leen , Glauser Adrian M. , Pye John , Olofsson Goran , Glasse Alistair , Patapis Polychronis , Royer Pierre , Scheithauer Silvia , Serabyn Eugene , Tremblin Pascal , Whiteford Niall , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Ostlin Göran , Ray Tom P. , Wright Gillian 
Published: December 2024

Context. The newly accessible mid-infrared (MIR) window offered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for exoplanet imaging is expected to provide valuable information to characterize their atmospheres. In particular, coronagraphs on board the JWST Mid-InfraRed instrument (MIRI) are capable of imaging the coldest directly imaged giant planets at the wavelengths where they emit most of their flux. The MIRI coronagraphs have been specially designed to detect the NH3 absorption around 10.5 µm, which has been predicted by atmospheric models and should be detectable for planets colder than 1200 K.
Aims. We aim to assess the presence of NH3 while refining the atmospheric parameters of one of the coldest companions detected by directly imaging GJ 504 b. Its mass is still a matter of debate and depending on the host star age estimate, the companion could either be placed in the brown dwarf regime of ∼20 MJup or in the young Jovian planet regime of ∼4 MJup.
Methods. We present an analysis of new MIRI observations, using the coronagraphic filters F1065C, F1140C, and F1550C of the GJ 504 system. We took advantage of previous observations of reference stars to build a library of images and to perform a more efficient subtraction of the stellar diffraction pattern. We used an atmospheric grid from the Exo-REM model to refine the atmospheric parameters by combining archival near-infrared (NIR) photometry with the MIR photometry.
Results. We detected the presence of NH3 at 12.5 σ and measured its volume mixing ratio of 10−5.3±0.07 in the atmosphere of GJ 504 b. These results are in line with atmospheric model expectations for a planetary-mass object and observed in brown dwarfs within a similar temperature range. The best-fit model with Exo-REM provides updated values of its atmospheric parameters, yielding a temperature of Teff = 512 ± 10 K and radius of R = 1.08−0.03+0.04 RJup.
Conclusions. These observations demonstrate the capability of MIRI coronagraphs to detect NH3 and to provide the first MIR observations of one of the coldest directly imaged companions. Overall, NH3 is a key molecule for characterizing the atmospheres of cold planets, offering valuable insights into their surface gravity. These observations provide valuable information for future spectroscopic observations planned with JWST, in particular, with the MIRI medium-resolution spectrometer (MRS), which will allow us to characterize the atmosphere of GJ 504 b in depth.
Impact of Technological Advancements on Short-term Outcomes in Flap Reconstruction after Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis
Authors: Karakawa Ryo , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Fuse Yuma , Kurosawa Norio , Saito Masanori , Hayakawa Keiko , Tanizawa Taisuke , Ae Keisuke , Matsumoto Seiichi , Yano Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare malignancies requiring extensive surgical resection, often leading to significant soft tissue defects. Flap reconstruction is crucial for restoring function and appearance. Recent reconstructive microsurgery advancements, including high-resolution indocyanine green (ICG) imaging and ultra-high frequency ultrasonography (UHFU), have revolutionized preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. We aimed to compare the surgical procedures and short-term outcomes of patients undergoing immediate flap reconstruction before and after our department's adoption of these technologies.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 276 patients who underwent immediate flap reconstruction post-sarcoma resection between May 2014 and December 2023. They were categorized into pre- and post-technology groups based on the introduction of ICG angiography and UHFU in July 2019. We collected demographic, surgical, and postoperative data and compared outcomes using Fisher's exact and t-tests.
Results The muscle preservation rate at the donor site was significantly higher in the post-Tech than in the pre-Tech group (no muscle damage: 65% vs. 37%, incision muscle damage: 25% vs. 26%, and muscle resection: 10% vs. 37%; p < 0.01). The proportions of complications (21% vs. 36%, p = 0.01), flap complications (17% vs. 30%, p = 0.01), partial flap loss (5% vs. 17%, p < 0.01), and flap dehiscence (9% vs. 25%, p < 0.01) were low in the post-Tech group. In the stratified analysis of free-flap reconstruction, the post-Tech group had a shorter operative time (7:01 vs. 8:13, p = 0.03) and fewer takebacks due to compromised flap perfusion (4% vs. 15%, p = 0.03) compared with the pre-Tech group.
Conclusion The introduction of ICG angiography and UHFU has improved surgical outcomes in STS flap reconstructions. These technologies facilitate precise preoperative planning and intraoperative decision-making, resulting in reduced operative times, low complication rates, and enhanced muscle preservation at the donor site.
A Decade of Piperazine-Based Small Molecules Approved by U.S. FDA: Exploring the Medicinal Chemistry Impact of this Versatile Pharmacophore
Authors: Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan , Goel Kapil Kumar , Singhal Peeush , Marianesan Arockia Babu , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Kumar Roshan , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Tyagi Yogita , Gaidhane Shilpa , Singh Mahendra Pratap 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHeterocyclic scaffolds, particularly azaheterocycles, are part of numerous clinically relevant drugs. We have explored U.S. FDA approved small-molecule drugs (2012–2023) containing piperazine as a core ring system. The analysis revealed that 36 drugs approved in the last decade possess piperazine ring systems, with 15 drugs falling within the anticancer category. The CYP3A4 was found to be the primary enzyme responsible for the metabolism of these drugs, and most of them undergo fecal excretion. Considering stereochemical aspects, nine piperazine-containing drugs were found to be with chiral centers. The perspective is a concerted effort to cover not only the drugs bearing piperazine rings containing drugs but also provides a thorough discussion and commentaries on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics aspects. This enriches the article’s medicinal chemistry aspect and makes it a good read for the medicinal and allied science community.1	Introduction2	Insights into the Chemistry of Piperazine and Comparative Analysis of Molecular and Chemical Spacing Descriptors3	Synthetic Strategies to Develop Piperazine Derivative4	Comparative Analysis of the Pharmacological Class of the Approved Drugs Possessing a Piperazine Ring System5	Delving Deeper into the Approved Drugs Bearing the Piperazine-Based Core Systems6	Analysis7	Conclusion
Stereoselective Synthesis of (–)-Cinmethylin
Authors: Hasegawa Kakeru , Ogawa Narihito 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe synthesized optically active (–)-cinmethylin with a high stereoselectivity. Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of g-terpinene afforded an optically active diol with 98% ee. This diol was converted into (–)-cinmethylin in seven reaction steps. Dehydroxylation by the Barton–McCombie method was applicable, depending on the type of substituent, with the reaction affording the desired product when the substrate bore an OTBS group, but not when the substrate contained a benzyl ether. Decarbonylation gave the desired product regardless of the type of substituent. Furthermore, the stereoselectivity of the epoxidation reaction of an olefin with m-CPBA depended on the substituent, and up to 31% of the desired epoxide was obtained. Cyclization of the epoxide with PPTS proceeded with a good yield.
Effect of Particulate Matter 2.5 on Primary Gingival Keratinocyte and Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Lines
Authors: Mala Supaporn , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Sooklert Kanidta , Sereemaspun Amornpun , Lapthanasupkul Puangwan , Rungraungrayabkul Dulyapong , Kitkumthorn Nakarin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), an important air pollution particle, has been previously studied for its effects on various normal and cancer tissues. However, research on the impact of PM2.5, specifically on normal cavity tissue, is still limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of PM2.5 on cell vitality, cell cycle, and apoptosis in PGK (normal oral keratinocyte) and HGF (human gingival fibroblast) cell lines.
Materials and Methods The effect of PM2.5 was examined through cell vitality using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, while cell cycle and apoptosis were determined via flow cytometry. Cells incubated with 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide were used as the negative control.
Results In a concentration-dependent manner, PM2.5 inhibited the proliferation of HGF and PGK cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PM2.5 after 24 hours of incubation was 400 ng/µL for HGF cells and 100 ng/µL for PGK cells. This particulate matter arrested the cell cycles of both HGF and PGK cells at the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, PM2.5 was found to trigger apoptosis in both HGF and PGK cell lines and also cause necrosis in the PGK cell line at higher concentrations.
Statistical Analysis Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to evaluate all quantitative data.
Conclusion The findings indicated that PM2.5 decreases cell viability, halts cell cycle progression, and triggers apoptosis in normal oral cavity cell lines. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid PM2.5 exposure in order to mitigate potential health risks. To understand PM2.5-induced oral cellular damage, more research is needed.
Induction of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Periodontitis Rat Model
Authors: Alanbari Basma F. , Al-Taweel Firas B. , Cooper Paul R. , Milward Mike R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that shifts cellular phenotype. It is linked to several different inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of the EMT process in an experimental periodontitis (EP) model.
Materials and Methods Second upper molars of Wistar albino male rats were ligated to induce periodontitis, while controls were not ligated. The animals were sacrificed after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days (n = 6 for each time point). The maxillae were resected, posterior to the incisor teeth, and the gingival tissue surrounding teeth were analyzed. Alveolar bone loss (ABL), epithelial thickness, and the number of inflammatory cells were measured at each time point. Expressions of EMT-related biomarkers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail1, Twist1, and vimentin) were assessed using the immunohistochemical technique. All experiments were performed in triplicate.
Statistical Analysis Inferential comparisons were performed by the kruskall-wallis test. To determine the correlation between the dependent and independent variables ,Spearman's correlation test was used.
Results ABL, epithelial thickness, and inflammatory cell count were gradually increased throughout the EP study period. Switching of E-cadherin/N-cadherin was evident and associated with increased nuclear expression of Snail1 and Twist1. Additionally, positive cytoplasmic expression of vimentin was detected from day 7 and increased at subsequent time points. Histoscore of E-cadherin was negatively and significantly correlated with N-cadherin and Snail1. Furthermore, Snail1 and Twist1 histoscores were significantly and positively correlated.
Conclusion The results demonstrated induction of an EMT phenotype in the EP model. This was supported by cadherin switching and positive vimentin expression along with nuclear translocation of Snail1 and Twist.
Calcium Carbonate from Anadara granosa Shells Stimulates FGF2, TGF-β1, and Collagen Type 1 Expression in Rat Dental Pulp
Authors: Saraswati Widya , Yahya Azlin Noor , Yonas Yovita , Cindananti Ganiezha , Rahardia Nabiela , Ramadani Rania Rizka , Ambarwati Venny Lusanda , Kusumawardhani Devy Putri , Sutela I Gede Marantika Yogananda , Putri Larasati Kianti , Baskoro Brian Dwi , Pratama Putu Krisnanda , Setiady Dawailatur Rahman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a major inorganic component in bones and teeth, offers potential protection against demineralization. This study investigates the effect of CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shells on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen type 1 in the rat dental pulp.
Materials and Methods The first maxillary molars of Rattus norvegicus were perforated and subsequently pulp capped with CaCO3 extracted from A. granosa shells. The cavities were then filled with glass ionomer cement, while the control group received calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Teeth were extracted after 7 and 14 days of treatment, and the expression of FGF2, TGF-β1, and collagen type 1 in the dental pulp was analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining.
Results The group treated with CaCO3 from A. granosa shells exhibited significantly higher expression of FGF2, TGF-β1, and collagen type 1 in the dental pulp at both 7 and 14 days compared with the group treated with Ca(OH)2 (p < 0.01).
Conclusion The application of CaCO3 derived from A. granosa shells enhances the proliferative phase in the dental pulp after pulp perforation and perhaps promotes reparative dentine formation.
Comparative Efficacy of Unilateral vs. Bilateral Approaches in Percutaneous Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Cine Hidayet Safak , Uysal Ece , Aladdam Mohammed , Herdan Emre , Gunaydin Mehmet Emre , Demir Huseyin , Karaarslan Numan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) significantly affect the quality of life of elderly patients by causing severe pain and functional loss. Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) are minimally invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of OVCFs. It can be performed unilaterally or bilaterally for prevention of kyphosis without morbidity. This study aims to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral approaches in PKP/PVP procedures.
Methods This retrospective observational study included 230 unilateral (n = 110) and bilateral (n = 120) patients from three spinal centers who underwent PCP or PVP for OVCF treatment between 2018 and 2024. During the operation, operative time, cement volume, and frequency of fluoroscopy were recorded. The duration of hospital stay was recorded. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were used for clinical evaluation at preoperative, postoperative day 1, and final follow-up. Vertebral height and kyphotic angle were used for radiological evaluation.
Results The unilateral approach had significantly shorter operative times (43.4 ± 9.01 minutes, p < 0.001) compared to the bilateral approach (59.9 ± 11.5 minutes), required less cement (4.44 ± 1.01 mL vs. 7.53 ± 0.911 mL, p < 0.001), and had fewer fluoroscopy (26.2 ± 6.58 vs. 55.6 ± 9.98, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in VAS scores (p = 0.663), ODI scores (p = 0.650), vertebral height restoration (p = 0.720), or kyphotic angle correction (p = 0.129). However, the bilateral group had a higher rate of cement leakage (35 vs. 12%, p = 0.035).
Conclusion These findings suggest that the unilateral approach offers procedural advantages without compromising clinical efficacy, making it a preferable option for elderly patients with OVCFs.