bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Perforator Flap in the Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Traumatic Finger Defects
Authors: Chang Dun-Hao , Hsieh Chi-Ying , Chang Che-Wei , Chang Ke-Chung , Chan Chien-Lung 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
The reconstruction of soft tissue defects of fingers is a challenge due to the limitations of local tissue availability. The dorsal metacarpal artery perforator (DMAP) flap is a vascular island flap raised on the dorsum of the hand, and it is a good option for finger reconstruction by replacing similar-for-similar in a single operation. In this study, we would like to share our experience of using the DMAP flap in cases of various traumatic finger defects.

Materials and Methods
From November 2016 to May 2019, patients who had traumatic finger injuries and had undergone DMAP flap for soft tissue reconstruction were examined. The patients' demographic data, injury and flap characteristics, wound healing status, and complications were collected and studied. The functional and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire.

Results
There was a total of 10 patients included in this study, of which 9 were male and 1 was female. The average age was 43 years (17–66 years). Seven patients were administered general anesthesia, and 3 others wide-awake local anesthesia. The average flap size was 4.9 × 2.0 cm, and all the donor sites were primarily closed. Nearly half of the patients had temporary venous congestion, but most of the flaps survived well ultimately. Only 1 patient had a partial flap necrosis, which required an additional skin graft.

Conclusions
The DMAP flap offers a thin and pliable skin to reconstruct finger defects within 1-stage surgery. It is easy to harvest with reliable and constant circulation. With adequate design, the DMAP flap can be used to resurface both volar and dorsal finger defects and also can reach the tip of the little finger. The DMAP flap is the ideal flap for reconstruction of traumatic finger defect with either local or general anesthesia.
The Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation for Migraine: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Zhang Yuan-feng , Xu Zhi-qiang , Zhou Hong-jie , Liu Ya-zhen , Jiang Xiao-jiang 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
The efficacy of vitamin D for migraine remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of vitamin D versus placebo on treatment in migraine patients.

Methods
We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through April 2020 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of vitamin D versus placebo on treatment efficacy in migraine patients. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.

Results
Five randomized controlled trials are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group in migraine patients, vitamin D treatment is associated with substantially reduced number of headache days (standard mean difference [SMD], −0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.83 to −0.23; P = 0.0006), frequency of headache attacks (SMD, −1.09; 95% CI, −1.86 to −0.32; P = 0.006), headache severity (SMD, −0.55; 95% CI, −0.91 to −0.19; P = 0.0003), and Migraine Disability Assessment score (SMD, −0.76; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.40; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Vitamin D treatment is effective to alleviate migraine.
ADF and cofilin-1 collaborate to promote cortical actin flow and the leader bleb-based migration of confined cells
Authors: Ullo Maria F. , Logue Jeremy S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMelanoma cells have been shown to undergo fast amoeboid (leader bleb-based) migration, requiring a single large bleb for migration. In leader blebs, is a rapid flow of cortical actin that drives the cell forward. Using RNAi, we find that co-depleting cofilin-1 and ADF led to a large increase in cortical actin, suggesting that both proteins regulate cortical actin. Furthermore, severing factors can promote contractility through the regulation of actin architecture. However, RNAi of cofilin-1 but not ADF led to a significant decrease in cell stiffness. We found cofilin-1 to be enriched at leader bleb necks, whereas RNAi of cofilin-1 and ADF reduced bleb sizes and the frequency of motile cells. Strikingly, cells without cofilin-1 and ADF had blebs with abnormally long necks. Many of these blebs failed to retract and displayed slow actin turnover. Collectively, our data identifies cofilin-1 and ADF as actin remodeling factors required for fast amoeboid migration.
The three-dimensional landscape of chromatin accessibility in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bendl Jaroslav , Hauberg Mads E. , Girdhar Kiran , Im Eunju , Vicari James M. , Rahman Samir , Dong Pengfei , Misir Ruth , Kleopoulos Steven P. , Reach Sarah M. , Apontes Pasha , Zeng Biao , Zhang Wen , Voloudakis Georgios , Nixon Ralph A. , Haroutunian Vahram , Hoffman Gabriel E. , Fullard John F. , Roussos Panos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMuch is still unknown about the neurobiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To better understand AD, we generated 636 ATAC-seq libraries from cases and controls to construct detailed genomewide chromatin accessibility maps of neurons and non-neurons from two AD-affected brain regions, the entorhinal cortex and superior temporal gyrus. By analyzing a total of 19.6 billion read pairs, we expanded the known repertoire of regulatory sequences in the human brain. Multi-omic data integration associated global patterns of chromatin accessibility with gene expression and identified cell-specific enhancer-promoter interactions. Using inter-individual variation in chromatin accessibility, we definecis-regulatory domains capturing the 3D structure of the genome. Multifaceted analyses uncovered disease associated perturbations impacting chromatin accessibility, transcription factor regulatory networks and the 3D genome, and implicated transcriptional dysregulation in AD. Overall, we applied a systematic approach to understand the role of the 3D genome in AD and to illuminate novel disease biology that can advance diagnosis and therapy.
srnaMapper: an optimal mapping tool for sRNA-Seq reads
Authors: Zytnicki Matthias , Gaspin Christine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivationSequencing is the key method to study the impact of short RNAs, which include micro RNAs, tRNA-derived RNAs, and piwi-interacting RNA, among other. The first step to make use of these reads is to map them to a genome. Existing mapping tools have been developed for the long RNAs in mind, and, so far, no tool has been conceived for short RNAs. However, short RNAs have several distinctive features which make them different from messenger RNAs: they are shorter (not greater than 200bp), they often redundant, they can be produced by duplicatedloci, and they may be edited at their ends.ResultsIn this work, we present a new tool, srnaMapper, that maps these reads with all these objectives in mind. We show on two data sets that srnaMapper is more efficient considering computation time and edition error handling: it quickly retrieves all the hits, with arbitrary number of errors.AvailabilitysrnaMapper source code is available athttps://github.com/mzytnicki/srnaMapper.Contactmatthias.zytnicki@inrae.fr
Sources of accountability inside the boardroom
Authors: Goodman Julia , Pearson Hayley , Mthombeni Morris 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Despite indications of scholarly interest, there are still gaps in the research of the concept of felt accountability, especially the felt accountability of board members. This paper aims to clarify the sources of accountability experienced by board members. Especially those in a non-executive capacity. How these sources can be accessed to enhance felt accountability and thereby governance effectiveness is explored.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative, exploratory research methods were used. In total, 15 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were completed with non-executive board members of Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed companies in South Africa. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data.

Findings
The findings clarified the formal and informal sources of accountability experienced by non-executive board members. This included relational and structural mechanisms that can be used within corporate governance to enhance both types of accountability. Accessing the identified sources of accountability through appropriate mechanisms could increase the levels of felt accountability experienced by the individual non-executive board member, thereby strengthening accountability inside the boardroom and improving overall board effectiveness. The study also revealed a layer of implicit and explicit accountability.

Research limitations/implications
The study was conducted solely in South Africa, with non-executive board members of Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed companies.

Originality/value
There is limited research that clarifies the sources of accountability experienced by non-executive board members. This study aims to address this gap in the literature by providing techniques on how to enable the clarified sources of accountability to improve governance effectiveness.
Research watch: exclusion and health inequality in England and what can be done to reverse it – discussing the Marmot review 10 years on
Authors: Holttum Sue 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to summarise key messages from a major evidence review of health inequality in England since 2010 – “the Marmot Review 10 Years on”.

Design/methodology/approach
Alongside “the Marmot Review 10 Years on”, which came out in February 2020, the author accessed the original Marmot review published in 2010, a 2020 article by Marmot, and Marmot’s online talk to the Royal Society of Physicians Edinburgh on 2nd of July 2020. The author drew out key messages from these sources.

Findings
Although many local authorities have taken up the 2010 Marmot review recommendations, they have been working against budget cuts under the system known as austerity. This has reduced funding to already deprived areas and probably explains worsened health inequality in England compared to other European countries. There are examples of successful local partnerships that have improved lives, but they rely on temporary charity funding. Health services can work for change locally, but central government policies must help. This has become even more urgent since the pandemic.

Originality/value
The original Marmot review and “the Marmot Review 10 Years on” are major evidence-based examinations of what causes and maintains health inequality, both physical and mental, and how this situation might be improved. It is impossible to study them and still believe that health is just about lifestyle choices. People need real options to choose from, and this is only possible if they live in places designed for human thriving from childhood to old age. As a nation, England can move towards this goal rather than further away from it. These reports show the way.
Optimal vacuum erectile device therapy regimen for penile rehabilitation in a bilateral cavernous nerve crush rat model
Authors: Ma Ming , Qin Feng , Wu Changjing , Xiong Wenfeng , Yu Botao , Wei Shanzun , Huang Chunxu , Xu Jianrong , Yang Xinzong , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundVacuum erectile device (VED) therapy has been widely used in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy; however, there is no consensus on the best regimen.ObjectivesTo explore an optimal VED therapy regimen in bilateral cavernous nerve crush (BCNC) rat model.Materials and MethodsAdult male rats were used to measure the effects of different durations (1–30 min) of VED treatment on penile length, penile blood gas analysis, and adverse effects. Forty‐eight adult male rats were randomly divided into Sham, BCNC, and VED treatment groups (2–3–2–3 min, 4–3–3 min, 5–5 min, and 10 min). Penile length, erectile function, and side effects were detected after VED treatment. Histopathological staining and Western blotting were performed to explore the cellular and molecular changes.ResultsProlongation of the duration of VED treatment significantly decreased the penile oxygen saturation, partial oxygen pressure, and arterial blood ratio (P < 0.05). Compared with the BCNC group, all VED treatment regimens partially reversed BCNC‐induced penile shortening and erectile dysfunction (P < 0.0001), with the 4–3–3‐min and 5–5‐min treatment groups exhibiting more significant improvement than the 10‐min and 2–3–2–3‐min treatment groups (P < 0.0001). The mechanism may be related to the up‐regulation of the smooth muscle cell/collagen ratio, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and α‐smooth muscle actin (all P < 0.0001); and the down‐regulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, transforming growth factor‐β1, and apoptosis (all P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse effects in the 2–3–2–3‐min treatment group was the highest.DiscussionThe commonly used VED therapy regimens maintained erectile function and penile length of BCNC rat by relieving hypoxia and fibrosis, and no further benefits were observed with increased treatment frequency or prolonged treatment duration.ConclusionTwo consecutive 5‐min treatments with a short interval is the optimal VED therapy regimen for penile rehabilitation in BCNC rat model.
Behavioural response of the fungus gnat, Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae) towards certain edible mushrooms and saprophytic fungi
Authors: Xi Lulu , Zhou Xiang , Liu Yinquan , Li You , Shi Haojie , Wu Hong , Huang Junhao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen) is a worldwide pest inhabiting organic‐rich environments, including mushroom‐cultivation substrates, which leads to massive production losses of edible mushrooms. To promote a non‐insecticidal pest control strategy, we evaluated adult behavioural response towards two saprophytic fungal strains Aspergillus flavus Link and Mucor circinelloides Tiegh., isolated from B. impatiens‐inhabiting substrates and six edible mushrooms species. Our results indicated that (a) B. impatiens was most attracted to the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus among all six edible mushrooms; (b) males and females demonstrated a significant attraction for M. circinelloides over A. flavus and P. ostreatus; (c) adults demonstrated dynamic attraction tendencies that varied with the culture periods of A. flavus and M. circinelloides, wherein females represented most (mean = 78.6%) of the attracted individuals; and (d) larvae that fed on mycelial cultures of M. circinelloides could complete their entire life cycles, but larvae could not survive on a non‐fungal or A. flavus diet. These results demonstrate the potential for the development of M. circinelloides in a push‐pull strategy to biocontrol this pest in edible mushroom cultivation.
Characterizing Longitudinal Changes in Physical Activity and Fear of Falling after Falls in Glaucoma
Authors: E Jian‐Yu , Mihailovic Aleksandra , Schrack Jennifer A. , Li Tianjing , Friedman David S. , West Sheila K. , Gitlin Laura N. , Ramulu Pradeep Y. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundOlder adults with visual impairments experience a higher risk of falling, and are more vulnerable to adverse health consequences associated with falls than those with normal vision. This study characterizes longitudinal changes in objectively measured physical activity and fear of falling (FoF) occurring after various types of falls in visually impaired older adults.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHospital‐based enrollment.ParticipantsPeople with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma.MeasurementsFalls were defined as unintentionally coming to rest on the ground or a lower level, and injurious falls were determined though follow‐up calls. Study participants were categorized into three groups–fallers with injurious consequences, fallers without injurious consequences, and non‐fallers based on fall status in the first year. Physical activity was assessed by waist‐bound accelerometer. FoF was evaluated by questionnaire, with Rasch modeling generating FoF scores where higher scores reflected worse FoF. The 3‐year longitudinal changes of physical activity and FoF were modeled using mixed‐effects models.ResultsIn linear models fully adjusted for visual field damage and other covariates, physical activity among injurious fallers showed greater annual (per year) declines in daily steps (−425 steps/d, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −793, −57), daily active minutes (−13 min/d, 95% CI = −21, −6), and daily moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes (−3 MVPA minutes/d, 95% CI = −5, 0) over the 3‐year period as compared to non‐fallers; however, physical activity did not significantly decline among non‐injurious fallers. No longitudinal increases in FoF scores were observed in injurious or non‐injurious fallers when compared to non‐fallers.ConclusionAmong visually impaired older adults, injurious falls identified prospectively over 12 months contributed to a significant decline in physical activity over a 3‐year period, while minimal changes were observed in FoF.
COVID‐19: Neuroimaging Features of a Pandemic
Authors: Ladopoulos Theodoros , Zand Ramin , Shahjouei Shima , Chang Jason J. , Motte Jeremias , Charles James Jeyanthan , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Kerro Ali , Farahmand Ghasem , Vaghefi Far Alaleh , Rahimian Nasrin , Ebrahimzadeh Seyed Amir , Abedi Vida , Papathanasiou Matilda , Labedi Adnan , Schneider Ruth , Lukas Carsten , Tsiodras Sotirios , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Krogias Christos 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). COVID‐19 is occasionally associated with manifold diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). We sought to present the neuroimaging features of such CNS involvement. In addition, we sought to identify typical neuroimaging patterns that could indicate possible COVID‐19‐associated neurological manifestations.METHODSIn this systematic literature review, typical neuroimaging features of cerebrovascular diseases and inflammatory processes associated with COVID‐19 were analyzed. Reports presenting individual patient data were included in further quantitative analysis with descriptive statistics.RESULTSWe identified 115 studies reporting a total of 954 COVID‐19 patients with associated neurological manifestations and neuroimaging alterations. A total of 95 (82.6%) of the identified studies were single case reports or case series, whereas 660 (69.2%) of the reported cases included individual information and were thus included in descriptive statistical analysis. Ischemia with neuroimaging patterns of large vessel occlusion event was revealed in 59.9% of ischemic stroke patients, whereas 69.2% of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage exhibited bleeding in a location that was not associated with hypertension. Callosal and/or juxtacortical location was identified in 58.7% of cerebral microbleed positive images. Features of hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis were detected in 28.8% of patients with meningo‐/encephalitis.CONCLUSIONSManifold CNS involvement is increasingly reported in COVID‐19 patients. Typical and atypical neuroimaging features have been observed in some disease entities, so that familiarity with these imaging patterns appears reasonable and may assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of COVID‐19 CNS manifestations.
Performance of a Direct Bonded Sub-Millimeter Peek Coating for Hydrodynamic Plain Bearings
Authors: Weißbacher Christoph , Kiefel Angelika , Blumenthal Hardwig , Marheineke Jonas , Piton Sebastien 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite their superior tribological properties, thick-layer bearing coatings based on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) have up to now not been applied in a very high number of plain bearings for industrial applications. This can at least partly be credited to the high costs and low flexibility associated with the coating process for these materials. At the same time, while thick-layer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings have been successfully applied in industrial plain bearings for around 50 years, thin-layer PTFE coatings today constitute the majority of applications of PTFE in plain bearings. It is therefore reasonable to assume a similar approach for thin-layer PEEK coatings. This article reports the performance of a thin-layer PEEK coating directly applied on a mild steel substrate, with results ranging from first sample test through component tests to application in an actual machine and behavior during realistic operating conditions and induced bearing failure.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Air Vessel in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Transient Flow Analysis
Authors: Kim Hyunjun , Choi Lakwon , Kim Sanghyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An air vessel is a simple and effective device for protecting a pipeline system from abnormal pressure events. In order to design and select a suitable air vessel, analysis of the pipeline system is necessary. A quasi-2D approach can overcome some of the limitations of the conventional one-dimensional transient flow analysis method. However, only a few hydraulic components can be implemented in the quasi-2D approach. In this study, we propose a methodology for applying an air vessel in the quasi-2D model. An experimental study is performed for validating the proposed model. Although an identical approach involving an accumulator model is used to model the air vessel as in the 1D model, the quasi-2D model shows improved performance for the experimental system.
Excitation of Shear Layer Due to Surface Roughness Near the Leading Edge: An Experiment
Authors: Singh Pradeep , Sarkar S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive study has been performed to address the excitation of a separated boundary layer near the leading edge due to surface roughness. Experiments are performed on a model airfoil with the semicircular leading edge at a Reynolds number (Rec) of 1.6×105, where the freestream turbulence (fst) is 1.2%. The flow features are investigated over the three rough surfaces with the roughness characteristic in the wall unit of 17, 10.5, and 8.4, which are estimated from the velocity profile at a location far downstream of reattachment. The wall roughness results in an early transition and reattachment, leading to a reduction of the laminar shear layer length apart from the bubble length. It is worthwhile to note that although the large-amplitude pretransitional perturbations are apparent from the beginning for the rough surface, the shear layer reflects the amplification of selected frequencies, where the fundamental frequency when normalized is almost the same as that of the smooth wall. The universal intermittency curve can be used to describe the transition of the shear layer, which exhibits some resemblance to the excitation of the boundary layer under fst, signifying the viscous effect.