bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild Moxibustion for Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Zhaoqin , Xu Manwen , Shi Zheng , Bao Chunhui , Liu Huirong , Zhou Cili , Yan Yilu , Wang Chunye , Li Guona , Zhang Wei , Gao Anqi , Wu Huangan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effects of mild moxibustion (MM) for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) through comparisons with those of placebo moxibustion.
Patients and Methods:
This was a single-site, randomized controlled trial was conducted at Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian in China and enrolled 76 participants who met the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for IBS-D between May 2017 and December 2019. 76 participants were randomized to either mild moxibustion (MM) or placebo moxibustion group (PM) in a 1:1 ratio. 18 sessions of MM or PM were implemented over the course of 6 weeks (3 times per week). The primary outcome was adequate relief after 6 weeks of treatment.
Results
Of 76 patients with IBS-D who were randomized (38 in the MM group and 38 in the PM group) were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis set. After treatment at week 6, the response rate was significantly higher in the MM group than the PM group (81.58% vs. 36.84%,) with an estimated difference of 44.74 (95% CI, 23.46 to 66.02, P < 0.001). No participant reported severe adverse effects.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that mild moxibustion may be more effective than placebo moxibustion for the treatment of IBS-D, with effects lasting up to 12 weeks.
Trial Registration:
ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100046852. Registered 29 May 2021 - Retrospectively registered, URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=127000
Differential Expression Profiles and Function Prediction of tRNA-Derived Fragments in Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Ling Ziji , Fu Yu , Li Yangjie , Xie Hanyu , Xiao Tao , Jiang Hongbing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign bone disease which normal bone matrix is replaced by fibrous tissue and immature bone tissue. Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNA in the transcriptome of eukaryotes that produced by specific shearing of mature tRNA. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of the expression of tRFs/tiRNAs in BMSCs and FD BMSCs using a high‐throughput sequencing technique. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the differential expressed tRFs/tiRNAs between two samples. Results: The results showed that tRF-34-87R8WP9I1EWJIQ [tDR‐001276] was significantly upregulated in FD BMSCs, and 3 downregulated tDRs (tRNA-derived small RNAs) (tRF-22-8EKSP1852 [tDR‐006826], tRF-18-H9R8B7D2 [tDR‐006049] and tRF-33-86V8WPMN1E8Y0E [tDR‐001271]) were also detected. Prediction of target genes and gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the upregulated tRF was mainly involved in regulation of immune response and osteoclast differentiation, which may be the underlying mechanism of FD pathological features. The downregulated tRFs/tiRNAs were related to calcium ion transport (tDR-006826), apoptotic signaling pathway and cell proliferation (tDR-006049) and endocrine system development (tDR-001271). The upregulated tRFs/tiRNAs was related to immune response (tDR-001276). The protein-protein interaction network analysis for predicted target genes established by the STRING database showed that PPP2R5A, ADAMTS1, PPARA, and POLR2C were the most frequently interacted proteins in target genes of tDR-006826, tDR-006049, tDR-001271 and tDR-001276, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings provided a comprehensive analysis of the expression of tRFs/tiRNAs in FD BMSCs and BMSCs. These differential expression tRFs/tiRNAs may be novel regulatory factors involved in FD BMSCs, and they could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Ruyong Formula (RYF) Attenuates the Abnormal Phenotypic Changes of Thymic Epithelial Cells in 4T1 Breast Cancer Mice
Authors: He Bing-Qian , Shi Rong-Zhen , Luo Qi-han , Guo Wen-Qin , Xu Xie , He Kai , Gao Jian-Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEpithelialization of the breast epithelial cell is the critical step in breast cancer, but the phenotypic changes of thymus epithelial cells (TEC) and the following immune abnormalities during the development of breast cancer are rarely examined. Ruyong Formula (RYF) has been used for thousands of years, our previous researches have shown it could attenuates atrophied thymic epithelial tissue in breast cancer mice, but the mechanism is still unknown.MethodsHPLC was used to analyze the chemical components of RYF. The 4T1 breast cancer mice model was established to study the anticancer effects of RYF. The efficacy of RYF on tumor volume, anti-tumor rate and organ index were observed. The thymus tissue were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) to observe the morphological changes. Cell phenotype marker, such as E-cadherin, α-tubulin and Vimentin were observed by immunofluorescence staining in TGF-β1-induced iTECs after RYF treatment. The mRNA levels of phenotypic markers and phenotype-related transcription factors, including E-cadherin, Vimentin, Zeb-1, Snail 1 and Smad 2 were detected by qPCR. The effect of RYF on the activation of Smad pathway in TGF-β1 induced iTECs was detected by luciferase reporter assay.ResultsRYF could reduce the metastatic rate and the number of pulmonary metastases in breast cancer mice and increased anti-tumor rates. Compared with the thymus in normal group, RYF increased the number of thymocytes in the cortex regions. In vitro study indicated the EMT promotion effect of TGF-β1, shown as the decreasing of E-cadherin and up-regulation of the Vimentin’s expression. The level of Snail 1 and Zeb 1 increased significantly, and the mRNA levels of Smad 2 was up-regulated. Compared with TGF-β1 group, RYF-treated TECs reversed the proteins expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin and the mRNA levels of Snail 1 and Zeb 1. RYF also promoted the proliferation of iTECs, and confronted the TGF-β1 induced phenotypic transition in iTECs.ConclusionThe abnormal thymic function of breast cancer mice was mainly due to the disorder of cortex and medulla regions cells and the atrophy of cortex. Interestingly, RYF could reverse the phenotypic changes of TECs in breast cancer by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
Salvianolic Acid B Targets Mortalin and Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via RECK/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Teng Mengying , Hu Chunyan , Zhou Qian , Yang Bingmo , Xiao Wei , Li Yuan , Li Zhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
1) Background: Tumor migration and invasion is a complex and diverse process, including epi-thelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells, and degradation of extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Mortalin is an important oncogene. It has been reported that it plays an important role in tumor migration and invasion through various signaling pathways; however, the underlying mechanism still needs to be further explored. 2) Methods: At present, we studied the role of mortalin in the migration of HCC cell lines HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells. 3) Results: Our results showed that overexpression of Mortalin in HepG2 cells, decreases the protein level of reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), activates the phos-phorylation and acetylation of STAT3, thereby upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and promotes the cell migration and invasion. On the contrary, in HCCLM3 cells, mortalin knockdown increases the expression of RECK, inhibits the STAT3 pathway and the activity of MMP9, and promotes the cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found that Salvianolic acid B, a caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogue, specific binds to mortalin, and increases the degradation of mortalin proteasome through ubiquitination, thereby up-regulating RECK, inhibiting STAT3 and finally inhibiting the migration and invasion of HCC. 4) Conclusion: Our work suggests that mortalin is a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Increased trends in global extreme fire weather driven predominantly by atmospheric humidity and temperature
Authors: Jain Piyush , Castellanos-Acuna Dante , Coogan Sean , Abatzoglou John , Flannigan Mike 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate and weather greatly influence wildfire, and recent increases in wildfire activity have been linked to climate change. However, the atmospheric drivers of observed changes have not been articulated globally. We present a global analysis of trends in extreme fire weather from 1979–2020. Significant increases in extreme (95th percentile) annual values of the Fire Weather Index (FWI95), Initial Spread Index (ISI95), and Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD95) occurred over 26.0%, 26.1%, and 46.1% of the global burnable landmass, respectively. Significant trends corresponded to a 35.8%, 36.0%, and 21.4% increase in mean global FWI95, ISI95, and VPD95, respectively. Relative humidity and temperature were identified as the drivers of significant trends in FWI95 and ISI95 in most regions, largely where temperature trends outpaced dew point trends. We identified relatively few regions in which wind speed or precipitation were drivers. These findings have wide-ranging implications for understanding fire risk in a changing climate.
Comparison of Clinical and Imaging Outcomes of Different Doses of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tsubosaka Masanori , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Sobajima Satoshi , Matsushita Takehiko , Iwaguro Hideki , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Favorable clinical outcomes of the intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have been reported. This study aimed to compare the short-term clinical and imaging outcomes of different doses of SVF cells for knee OA treatment.Methods: This study included 60 patients with knee OA who underwent intra-articular injection of SVF cells. The follow-up period was at least 12 months. The envelope method was used to prospectively quasi-randomized the patients to undergo treatment with different doses of SVF cells. Thirty patients received an intra-articular injection of 2.5×107 SVF cells (low-dose group), and the remaining 30 patients received an intra-articular injection of 5.0×107 SVF cells (high-dose group). Clinical evaluations were performed for range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Imaging evaluations, which included the hip-knee-ankle angle and magnetic resonance imaging Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) features (bone marrow lesions, cartilage defects, osteophytes, Hoffa’s synovitis, and effusion synovitis), were also performed. All clinical and imaging evaluations were performed preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively and compared between the groups.Results: No significant differences in demographic data were found between the two groups. The knee extension angle at 12 months postoperatively was significantly higher than the preoperative angle in both groups. The total WOMAC and VAS scores at 12 months postoperatively were significantly more favorable than preoperative scores in both groups. The bone marrow lesions and Hoffa’s synovitis and effusion synovitis improved approximately 30-40% from baseline to 12 months postoperatively in both groups. However, there were no significant differences in the preoperative and postoperative results of any clinical or imaging evaluation between the two groups.Conclusions: The short-term clinical and imaging outcomes of intra-articular injection of SVF cells for knee OA were excellent, regardless of whether a low- or high-dose was administered. Intra-articular injection of SVF cells for knee OA is an innovative approach.
Cryo-EM structure of native human thyroglobulin
Authors: Adaixo Ricardo , Steiner Eva , Righetto Ricardo , Schmidt Alexander , Stahlberg Henning , Taylor Nicholas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The thyroglobulin (Tg) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, playing a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, development and growth. Its structure is conserved among vertebrates. Tg is delivered through the secretory pathway of the thyroid follicular unit to the central colloid depository, where it is iodinated at specific tyrosine sites to form mono- or diiodotyrosine, which combine to produce triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), respectively. Synthesis of these hormones depends on the precise 3D structure of Tg, which has remained unknown despite decades of research. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human thyroglobulin (hTg) to a global resolution of 3.2 Å. The structure provides detailed information on the location of the hTg hormonogenic sites and reveals the position as well as the role of many of its glycosylation sites. Our results offer structural insight into thyroid hormonogenesis and provide a fundamental understanding of clinically relevant hTg mutations, which can improve treatment of thyroid diseases.
Tumor cell total mRNA expression shapes the molecular and clinical phenotype of cancer
Authors: Cao Shaolong , Wang Jennifer , Ji Shuangxi , Yang Peng , Montierth Matthew , Guo Shuai , Shen John Paul , Zhao Xiao , Chen Jingxiao , Lee Jaewon , Guerrero Paola , Spetsieris Nicholas , Engedal Nikolai , Taavitsainen Sinja , Yu Kaixian , Livingstone Julie , Bhandari Vinayak , Hubert Shawna , Daw Najat , Futreal Andrew , Efstathiou Eleni , Lim Bora , Viale Andrea , Zhang Jianjun , Nykter Matti , Czerniak Bogdan , Msaouel Pavlos , Maitra Anirban , Kopetz Scott , Campbell Peter , Speed Terence , Boutros Paul , Zhu Hongtu , Urbanucci Alfonso , Demeulemeester Jonas , Loo Peter Van , Wang Wenyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cancers can vary greatly in their transcriptomes. In contrast to alterations in specific genes or pathways, differences in tumor cell total mRNA content have not been comprehensively assessed. Technical and analytical challenges have impeded examination of total mRNA expression at scale across cancers. To address this, we developed a model for quantifying tumor-specific total mRNA expression (TmS) from bulk sequencing data, which performs transcriptomic deconvolution while adjusting for mixed genomes. We used single-cell RNA sequencing data to demonstrate total mRNA expression as a feature of tumor phenotype. We estimated and validated TmS in 5,015 patients across 15 cancer types identifying significant inter-individual variability. At a pan-cancer level, high TmS is associated with increased risk of disease progression and death. Cancer type-specific patterns of genetic alterations, intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity, as well as pan-cancer trends in metabolic dysregulation and hypoxia contribute to TmS. Taken together, our results suggest that measuring cell-type specific total mRNA expression offers a broader perspective of tracking cancer transcriptomes, which has important biological and clinical implications.
Explosion and high-temperature plasma-as a consequence of the exponential equation of motion of gas molecules
Authors: Braginsky Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an exponential equation of motion for gas molecules is derived for the first time. The paper shows that the Kadic-Edelen forces, written in 1983 by analogy with electrodynamics, are forces that act on the momentum of particles as on a charge. The paper considers the application of the centrally symmetric force of the tensor compensating field in gas in the active state. It is shown that the intensity tensor in the gas is diagonal, so it leads to an increase in the momentum of the gas molecules exponentially in the direction of their movement. Thus, there is an exponential change in the kinetic energy of the gas molecules in the volume where the centrally symmetric intensity tensor acts. The action of a large positive intensity tensor in the gas leads to an explosion and high-temperature plasma.
Applicability of Different Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equations in Chinese Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wei Lu , Shen Xue , Zhang Juan , Yong Zhenzhu , Zhang Qun , Zhao Weihong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To estimate kidney function with aging by equations based on serum creatinine (Scr) and investigate the applicability of these equations in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in healthy Chinese population. Patients and methods: A total of 34,416 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study, eGFR was calculated by CKD-EPI, FAS and Xiangya equations. Plotted scatter diagrams were adopted to show the difference between eGFR by above three equations. Agreement analysis between these equations was quantified by the linear weighted κ statistic.Results: eGFRs by CKD-EPI and Xiangya equation had a constant decline with aging. eGFR by FAS equation was approximately 116.5 mL/min/1.73m2 under 40 years, then decreased with a rate of 1.27 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. The difference was relatively small, and substantial agreement was observed between CKD-EPI and FAS equations with Scr levels above 0.9 mg/dL in males (κ =0.798) or 0.7 mg/dL in females (κ =0.745). The agreement between CKD-EPI and FAS equations was moderate to near-perfect in non-elderly (κ 0.617-0.901 for males and 0.536-0.861 for females), whereas was fair to moderate in older adults (κ 0.494-0.513 for males and 0.373-0.526 for females). eGFR by CKD-EPI was slightly higher than which by FAS equation in older population. The agreement between Xiangya and CKD-EPI or FAS equation was all slight (κ＜0.2).Conclusion: FAS equation could be used to evaluate declining rate of eGFR in healthy population. We recommend FAS or CKD-EPI equation in non-elderly adults, and FAS equation in older adults to calculate eGFR. More verification is needed, especially in older adults and population with low Scr level.
Integration Intrapreneurship: Implementing Innovation in a Public Healthcare Organisation
Authors: Moss Perrin , Hartley Nicole , Russell Trevor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim: As global events impact the way organisations operate and innovate in response to regional, workforce and consumer needs, the concept of intrapreneurism is attracting growing interest from policymakers and executives, particularly within the healthcare sector. The aim of this study was to capture the key learnings from the implementation of a telementoring pilot, to understand how intrapreneurship can embed innovation within an established organization to effect more integrated healthcare.Purpose: A qualitative approach was used with a phenomenological lens to explore the key learnings of the Project ECHO® (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) pilot implementation to provide an understanding of what the project team’s strategies and tactics were during the process of embedding a new business innovation. The implementation and piloting of Project ECHO®, a telementoring model, in a large-scale public healthcare organization in Queensland, Australia was investigated as an exemplar of integration intrapreneurship. Findings: Through an inductive approach, this qualitative study found the implementation of the Project ECHO® pilot had specific dimensions and strategies/tactics which were exemplars of intrapreneurism. The organizational context and workforce characteristics described in this study presented new knowledge of how intrapreneurs implemented an innovation to address fragmentation of healthcare service delivery, professional isolation and instances of low-value care. This research contributes to a better understanding of the strategic and tactical approaches to implementing intrapreneurial innovations within a public healthcare organization, with learnings that can be adapted by intrapreneurs in other contexts.
Factors associated with vaccination status among children age 12–23 months in Ethiopia, based on 2016 EDHS: logit based multinomial logistic regression analysis
Authors: Enyew Ermias Bekele , Tareke Abiyu Abadi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood immunization is one of the most cost-effective prevention measures for children's mortality and morbidity, saving 2–3 million lives per year. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with vaccination status among children 12–23 months of age in Ethiopia.Method: A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total weighted sample of 1911 children age 12–23 months of age were included in the study. Logit based Multinomial logistic regression analysis was computed to distinguish factors associated with routine vaccination of children aged 12-23 months. P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance of each independent variables, and adjusted Relative risk ratio (RRR) with 95% confidence interval were used to present the result and STATA 14 was utilized for data management and analysis. Result: Overall the prevalence of full vaccinated children was 35%, while 49% of children were partially vaccinated and 16% were non-vaccinated. In multinomial analysis, having focused ANC (at least four visits) contrasted to no ANC visits at all had 9.7 higher relative risk of being fully vaccinated than not vaccinated [RRR= 9.74, 95% CI=3.52-26.94], and 5 times higher relative risk of being partially vaccinated than not vaccinated [RRR=4.97, 95% CI=2.00-12.33]. Conclusion: The present study found that childhood full vaccination status was low compared with the World Health Organization targets. Frequency of ANC visit and visited by field worker were significantly associated both partially and full vaccination whereas, visited health facility last 12 months and wealth status were significantly associated with childhood full vaccination.
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy as the First Clinical Presentation of Wilson Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Yong-Zhe , Jian Geng , He Ping , Yu Rui , Tian Mi , Wu Yan , Zhang Bei-Ru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Wilson disease (WD) is a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism. The difference in copper tissue accumulation lead to various clinical manifestations, including some atypical presentations. The complex clinical picture makes it easy to miss and misdiagnose, even delay the best chance for treatment. Case presentation: A 26-year-old male patient who had nephritis-range proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine. The renal pathology indicated Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and tubular injury which was inconsistent with glomerular lesions. Cirrhosis was also detected by imaging examination. Considering both kidney injury and liver damage, WD was suspected. According to further detected results of abnormal copper metabolism, corneal Kayser-Fleischer rings(K-F rings), and genetic disorder of ATP7B gene, he was finally diagnosed as a case of WD.The patient was given oral penicillamine and zinc sulfate daily and he was also prescribed losartan to control proteinuria on the premise of monitoring renal function and blood pressure. During the 2 years follow-up, the patient’s 24h uric cooper dropped to normal. The sign of tremor hands disappeared. The Urine protein and renal function keep stable. The patient had normal liver function and maintained good quality of daily life. Conclusions: In some cases, IgA nephropathy patients with suspicious and unexplained neurological and liver symptoms cannot be ignored. They may eventually be diagnosed with WD.