bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galerkin Method for Nonlinear Higher-Order Boundary Value Problems Based on Chebyshev Polynomials
Authors: Abbas W. , Fathy Mohamed , Mostafa M. , Hesham A. M. A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the current paper, we develop an algorithm to approximate the analytic solution for the nonlinear boundary value problems in higher-order based on the Galerkin method. Chebyshev polynomials are introduced as bases of the solution. Meanwhile, some theorems are deducted to simplify the nonlinear algebraic set resulted from applying the Galerkin method, while Newton’s method is used to solve the resulting nonlinear system. Numerous examples are presented to prove the usefulness and effectiveness of this algorithm in comparison with some other methods.
Legendre-Galerkin method for the nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations
Authors: Fathy Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study of solving nonlinear integro-differential equations in Volterra-Fredholm type presents in this paper. The proposed method tends to use Legendre polynomials as a basis in the Galekin method to obtain the numerical solution. We use the Newton method to get the numerical solution of the nonlinear equations resulted from applying the Galerkin method. The comparison of the present study with the existing results in the literature shows an excellent agreement. Numerical examples explain the convergence, applicability, and efficiency of algorithm.
How extreme could the near term evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall be?
Authors: Jain Shipra , Scaife Adam A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We provide a methodology to estimate possible extreme changes in seasonal rainfall for the coming decades. We demonstrate this methodology using Indian summer monsoon rainfall as an example. We use an ensemble of 1669 realizations of Indian summer monsoon rainfall from selected seasonal prediction systems to estimate internal variability and show how it can exacerbate or alleviate forced climate change. Our estimates show that for the next decade there is a ∼60% chance of wetting trends, whereas the chance of drying is ∼40%. Wetting trends are systematically more favoured than drying with the increasing length of the period. However, internal variability can easily negate or overwhelm the wetting trends to give temporary drying trends in rainfall. This provides a quantitative explanation for the varying trends in the past observational record of rainfall over India. We also quantify the likelihood of extreme trends and show that there is at least a 1% chance that monsoon rainfall could increase or decrease by one fifth over the next decade and that more extreme trends, though unlikely, are possible. We find that monsoon rainfall trends are influenced by trends in sea-surface temperatures over the Niño3.4 region and tropical Indian Ocean, and ∼1.5° cooling or warming of these regions can approximately double or negate the influence of climate change on rainfall over the next two decades. We also investigate the time-of-emergence of climate change signals in rainfall trends and find that it is unlikely for a climate change signal to emerge by the year 2050 due to the large internal variability of monsoon rainfall. The estimates of extreme rainfall change provided here could be useful for governments to prepare for worst-case scenarios and therefore aid disaster preparedness and decision-making.
Reproducibility, Validity, and Relative Validity of Self-Report Methods for Assessing Physical Activity in Epidemiologic Studies: Findings From the Women’s Lifestyle Validation Study
Authors: Al-Shaar Laila , Pernar Claire H , Chomistek Andrea K , Rimm Eric B , Rood Jennifer , Stampfer Meir J , Eliassen A Heather , Barnett Junaidah B , Willett Walter C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among 683 participants in the Women’s Lifestyle Validation Study (2010–2012), we evaluated the performance of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) and Web-based 24-hour recalls (Activities Completed Over Time in 24 Hours (ACT24)) using multiple comparison methods. Two PAQs, 4 ACT24s, two 7-day accelerometer measurements, 1 doubly labeled water (DLW) physical activity level (PAL) measure (repeated; n = 90), and 4 resting pulse rate measurements were collected over 15 months. The deattenuated correlation between the PAQ and DLW PAL was 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.49) for total physical activity (PA) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.48) for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). These correlations were similar when using accelerometry as the comparison method. Single and averaged ACT24 measurements had lower correlations with DLW and accelerometry as comparison methods. The PAQ showed inverse correlations with DLW body fat percentage and resting pulse rate. Using the method of triads, the estimated correlation of the PAQ with true total PA was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.62) and that with true MVPA was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.69). For averaged ACT24, the estimated correlations were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.59) for total PA and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.58) for MVPA, and for averaged accelerometry, these estimated correlations were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.81) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.71), respectively. The PAQ provided reasonable validity for total PA and MVPA.
Evaluation of density variations to determine impact on sterile compounding
Authors: Amerine Lindsey B , Pasour Tyler , Johnson Shannon “JJ” , Higgins Jordyn P , Pyle Jacqueline , Gehring Charles 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To determine the density variation between (1) the measured density and manually calculated density, (2) density variation of different lots, and (3) density variation of different drug manufacturers in order to support institutions using gravimetric compounding methods.

Summary
Seventeen sterile injectable ingredient (drug) vials frequently used to make compounded sterile products (CSPs) were identified based on the ability to ensure that for each drug there were vials produced by 2 different manufacturers and 2 lots produced by the same manufacturer. Each drug’s density was measured using a density meter and by manual calculation using the institution’s density formula. Density differences were compared between the 2 different methods. Overall, the average drug density difference between the measured versus calculated density was determined to be 0.022. Further analysis revealed the average difference between the different lot numbers of the same manufacturers was 0.005 for the nonhazardous drugs and 0.0001 for the hazardous drugs. The average difference between the different manufacturers of the same drug was determined to be 0.008 for the nonhazardous drugs and 0.001 for hazardous drugs.

Conclusion
No clinically meaningful difference exists when manually calculating a drug’s density compared to measuring a drug’s density using a density meter. In addition, there does not appear to be a sizeable density variation between the same drugs in separate lots or produced by different manufacturers.
A state affiliate’s utilization of ASHP’s Practice Advancement Initiative 2030 to identify current state of practice and a process to prioritize goal achievement
Authors: Vest Tyler A , Doucette Lorna F , Eckel Stephen F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) has been a long-standing supporter of advancing pharmacy practice, specifically in the area of pharmacy practice models. In 2019, ASHP began the planning to launch PAI (Practice Advancement Initiative) 2030. PAI 2030 describes and details a bold vision for patient care, medication use, and pharmacy practice over the next decade. This work represents an ambitious goal to continue to advance the profession of pharmacy for the betterment of our patients. While much has been accomplished with the PAI, there is little literature on PAI 2030 (the authors are unaware of any published examples).

Summary
The purpose of the article is to explain a novel state affiliate’s prioritization of ASHP’s PAI 2030 recommendations. In the spring of 2020, the North Carolina Association of Pharmacists (NCAP), the North Carolina state affiliate of ASHP, began discussions around PAI 2030. In the fall of 2020, prior to the NCAP Annual Convention, health system pharmacy leaders within NCAP developed a questionnaire to serve as a PAI 2030 self-assessment. This approach allowed a state affiliate to implement an innovative program to act on the recommendations from PAI 2030. After the prioritization, health system pharmacy leaders engaged in discussion to comment on what recommendations have been identified. The goal of this discussion was to provide NCAP a direction to pursue focused efforts to support recommendations of PAI 2030. Ultimately, NCAP seeks that this statewide approach would help advance pharmacy practice, and improve pharmacy practice across the state of North Carolina in collaboration with NCAP.

Conclusion
This discussion illustrates how a state affiliate has pursued implementing PAI 2030. This approach provides a strategy for state affiliates in addressing the recommendations within PAI 2030. A novel statewide approach can help marshal resources to advance practice when health systems partner with a state affiliate.
Can inpatient pharmacists move the needle on smoking cessation? Evaluating reach and representativeness of a pharmacist-led opt-out smoking cessation intervention protocol for hospital settings
Authors: Creswell Paul D , McCarthy Danielle E , Trapskin Philip , Sheehy Ann , Skora Amy , Adsit Robert T , Zehner Mark E , Baker Timothy B , Fiore Michael C 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeHospitalization affords an opportunity to reduce smoking, but fewer than half of patients who smoke receive evidence-based cessation treatment during inpatient stays. This study evaluated a pharmacist-led, electronic health record (EHR)–facilitated opt-out smoking cessation intervention designed to address this need.MethodsAnalyses of EHR records for adult patients who smoked in the past 30 days admitted to an academic medical center in the upper Midwest were conducted using the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. The reach of a pharmacist-led, EHR-facilitated protocol for smoking cessation treatment was assessed by comparing patients’ receipt of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and tobacco quitline referral before and after implementation. χ2 tests, t tests, and multiple logistic regression models were used to compare reach across patient demographic groups to assess treatment disparities and the representativeness of reach. Adoption of the program by hospital services was also assessed.ResultsOf the 70 hospital services invited to implement the program, 88.6% adopted it and 78.6% had eligible admissions. Treatment reach increased as rates of delivering NRT rose from 43.6% of eligible patients before implementation to 50.4% after implementation (P &lt; 0.0001) and quitline referral rates rose from 0.9% to 11.9% (P &lt; 0.0001). Representativeness of reach by sex and ethnicity improved after implementation, although disparities by race and age persisted after adjustment for demographics, insurance, and primary diagnosis. Pharmacists addressed tobacco use for eligible patients in 62.5% of cases after protocol implementation.ConclusionSmoking cessation treatment reach and representativeness of reach improved after implementation of a proactive, pharmacist-led, EHR-facilitated opt-out smoking cessation treatment protocol in adult inpatient services.
A puzzle about the fixity of the past
Authors: Lampert Fabio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is a widely held principle that no one is able to do something that would require the past to have been different from how it actually is. This principle of the fixity of the past has been presented in numerous ways, playing a crucial role in arguments for logical and theological fatalism, and for the incompatibility of causal determinism and the ability to do otherwise. I will argue that, assuming bivalence, this principle is in conflict with standard views about knowledge and the semantics for ‘actually’. I also consider many possible responses to the argument.
S2DV: converting SMILES to a drug vector for predicting the activity of anti-HBV small molecules
Authors: Shao Jinsong , Gong Qineng , Yin Zeyu , Pan Wenjie , Pandiyan Sanjeevi , Wang Li 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the past few decades, chronic hepatitis B caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been one of the most serious diseases to human health. The development of innovative systems is essential for preventing the complex pathogenesis of hepatitis B and reducing side effects caused by drugs. HBV inhibitory drugs have been developed through various compounds, and they are often limited by routine experimental screening and delay drug development. More recently, virtual screening of compounds has gradually been used in drug research with strong computational capability and is further applied in anti-HBV drug screening, thus facilitating a reliable drug screening process. However, the lack of structural information in traditional compound analysis is an important hurdle for unsatisfactory efficiency in drug screening. Here, a natural language processing technique was adopted to analyze compound simplified molecular input line entry system strings. By using the targeted optimized word2vec model for pretraining, we can accurately represent the relationship between the compound and its substructure. The machine learning model based on training results can effectively predict the inhibitory effect of compounds on HBV and liver toxicity. The reliability of the model is verified by the results of wet-lab experiments. In addition, a tool has been published to predict potential compounds. Hence, this article provides a new perspective on the prediction of compound properties for anti-HBV drugs that can help improve hepatitis B diagnosis and further develop human health in the future.
Long-term outcome of patients treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine or surgery for persistent or relapsed Graves’ disease
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Wong Carlos K. H. , Chan Wendy W. L. , Tang Eric H. M. , Woo Yu Cho , Liu Shirley Y. W. , Lam Cindy L. K. , Lang Brian H. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare long-term mortality, morbidity, and cumulative healthcare costs between antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and surgical treatment for patients with persistent or relapsed Graves’ disease.

Methods
Data on patients with persistent or relapsed Graves’ disease between 2006 and 2018 were retrieved from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Hazard ratios (HRs) estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare the risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, psychological disease, Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and cancer across treatment groups. The 10-year healthcare cost and change in co-morbidity status were also estimated.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 79 months (22 636 person-years), a total of 3443 patients (antithyroid drug 2294, radioactive iodine 755, surgery 394) were analysed. Compared with antithyroid drug treatment, surgery was associated with significantly lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR 0.40, 95 per cent c.i. 0.36 to 0.45), cardiovascular disease (HR 0.54, 0.48 to 0.60), atrial fibrillation (HR 0.11, 0.09 to 0.14), psychological disease (HR 0.85, 0.79 to 0.92), Graves’ ophthalmopathy (HR 0.09, 0.08 to 0.10), and cancer (HR 0.56, 0.50 to 0.63). Patients who underwent surgery also had a lower risk of all outcome events than those in the radioactive iodine group. The 10-year direct cumulative healthcare cost was €14 754 for surgery compared with €17 390 for antithyroid drugs, and €17 918 for the radioactive iodine group.

Conclusion
Patients who underwent surgery for persistent or relapsed Graves’ disease had lower risks of all-cause mortality and analysed morbidities. The 10-year cumulative healthcare cost in the surgery group was lowest among the three treatment alternatives.
Low-Data Cryptanalysis On SKINNY Block Cipher
Authors: Hua Jialiang , Liu Tai , Cui Yulong , Qin Lingyue , Dong Xiaoyang , Cui Huiyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt CRYPTO 2021, Dong et al. proposed an automatic method of Meet-in-the-Middle (MITM) key-recovery attacks. In this paper, we further extend it to a new automatic model which can be used to find low-data complexity attacks. With the help of the automatic model, we propose MITM attacks against reduced-round versions of all the six members of the SKINNY family with extremely low-data complexity. More precisely, we present MITM attacks against 19-round SKINNY-$n$-$3n$, 15-round SKINNY-$n$-$2n$, 11-round SKINNY-$n$-$n$ with three, two, one plaintext-ciphertext pairs, separately. In addition, we can attack two more rounds and three more rounds with no more than $2^8$ and $2^{32}$ data complexity, respectively.
Laser Beam Welded Aluminum-Titanium Dissimilar Sheet Metals: Neural Network Based Strength and Hardness Prediction Model
Authors: Chandran Sudhin , Rajesh R , Anand M Dev 
Published: December 2021

Abstract‘Laser Beam Welding (LBW) is a welding technique used to join pieces of metal or thermoplastics with the aid of laser’. The beam offers a concerted heat source, which enabled higher, deeper welds and narrower welding rates. The procedure is commonly exploited in higher volume appliances using mechanization. It is dependent on penetration or keyhole mode welding. This paper intends to design a novel prediction model on LBW using the Optimized Neural Network (NN) framework. The input to the optimized NN is the welding properties like ‘Laser power, welding speed, offset, shielding gas, flow/pressure, focal distance and frequency (where power, speed and offset gets varied)’ that directly predict the hardness and tensile strength of welds since the NN is already trained with the provided data. In order to make the prediction model more accurate, this paper aims to train the NN using a new improved Trial Integer-based Whale Optimization Algorithm (TI-WOA) via updating the weight. Finally, the betterment of the suggested scheme is validated with respect to error analysis. Accordingly, from the analysis, it is observed that the proposed methods are 50%, 13.33%, 6.67% and 4% better than ANN-BP, RBF, ANN-GA and NN-WOA models, respectively, at 70th learning percentage.
An Educational Data Mining System For Predicting And Enhancing Tertiary Students’ Programming Skill
Authors: Marjan Md Abu , Uddin Md Palash , Ibn Afjal Masud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEducational Data Mining (EDM) has become a promising research field for improving the quality of students and the education system. Although EDM dates back to several years, there is still lack of works for measuring and enhancing the computer programming skills of tertiary students. As such, we, in this paper, propose an EDM system for evaluating and improving tertiary students’ programming skills. The proposed EDM system comprises two key modules for (i) classification process and (ii) learning process,. The classification module predicts the current status of a student and the learning process module helps generate respective suggestions and feedback to enhance the student’s quality. In particular, for the classification module, we prepare a real dataset related to this task and evaluate the dataset to investigate six key Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision tree, artificial neural network, Random Forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor and naive Bayes classifier, using accuracy-related performance measure metrics and goodness of the fit. The experimental results manifest that RF and SVM can predict the students more accurately than the other models. In addition, critical factors analysis is accomplished to identify the critical features toward achieving high classification accuracy. At last, we design an improvement mechanism in the learning process module that helps the students enhance their programming skills.
Association between the magnitude of periprocedural myocardial injury and prognosis in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhou You , Chen Zhangwei , Chen Ao , Ma Jiaqi , Dai Chunfeng , Lu Danbo , Wu Yuan , Li Su , Chen Jinxiang , Liu Muyin , Li ChenGuang , Lu Hao , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic implications of increased post-procedural cardiac troponin levels in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to define the threshold of prognostically relevant periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI).

Methods and results
A total of 3249 patients with normal baseline troponin levels referred for elective PCI were enrolled and followed up for a median period of 20 months. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) comprising all-cause death, myocardial injury (MI), and ischaemic stroke. Post-PCI high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) &gt;99% upper reference limit (URL) occurred in 78.3% of the patients and did not increase the risk of MACEs [adjusted hazard ratio (adHR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–1.74, P = 0.990], nor did ‘major PMI’, defined as post-PCI hs-cTnT &gt;5× URL (adHR 1.30, 95% CI 0.76–2.23, P = 0.340). Post-PCI troponin &gt;8× URL, with an incidence of 15.2%, started to show an association with a higher risk of MACEs (adHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.06–3.37, P = 0.032), mainly driven by myocardial infarction (adHR 2.38, 95% CI 1.05–5.38, P = 0.037) and ischaemic stroke (adHR 3.35, 95% CI 1.17–9.64, P = 0.025).

Conclusion
In patients with normal baseline troponin values undergoing elective PCI, PMI defined as hs-cTnT &gt;8× URL after PCI was more appropriate for identifying patients with an increased risk of MACEs, which may help guide clinical practice in this population.
Prognosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation in Asian cities: 1-year review of the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society Atrial Fibrillation Registry
Authors: Tse Hung-Fat , Teo Wee-Siong , Siu Chung-Wah , Chao Tze-Fan , Park Hyung-Wook , Shimizu Wataru , Wong Yuen-Kwun , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to describe the implementation of the current guidance for stroke prevention and treatment option in atrial fibrillation (AF) and to evaluate mortality and morbidity in relation to therapeutic decisions, including persistence with treatment at 1 year in Asia-Pacific regions.

Methods and results
We recruited 4664 patients consecutive in- and outpatients with AF who presented to cardiologists in five countries under the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) in whom 1-year follow-up was completed for 4003 (65.5% male; mean age 68.5 years). Oral anticoagulant (OAC) use remained high, 77% at follow-up, including 17% prescribed a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and 60% a non-VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC). At 1-year follow-up, 93% and 88% remained on a VKA or NOAC, respectively. With good adherence to OAC therapy, 1-year mortality was only 2.7%. Most deaths were non-cardiovascular (72.3%) and the 1-year incidence of stroke/transient ischaemic events (TIA) was low (&lt;1%). Hospital readmissions were common for non-cardiovascular cases and atrial tachyarrhythmias. On multivariate analysis, independent baseline predictors of mortality and/or stroke/TIA/peripheral embolism were age, previous heart failure for &gt;12 months, and malignancy. Independent predictors of mortality were age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy, and diuretic use. AF as a primary presentation was predictive of lower mortality and/or stroke/TIA/peripheral embolism as well as mortality.

Conclusion
In this 1-year analysis of the APHRS-AF registry, overall OAC use and persistence were high and were associated with low 1-year cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but mortality and morbidity related to non-cardiovascular causes were high in AF patients, particularly from malignancy and pneumonia.