bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A heat stress responsive NAC transcription factor heterodimer plays key roles in rice grain filling
Authors: Ren Ye , Huang Zhouquan , Jiang Hao , Wang Zhuo , Wu Fengsheng , Xiong Yufei , Yao Jialing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
High temperature often leads to failure of grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa) causing yield loss, but the underlying mechanisms are still not elucidated. Here, we report that two genes encoding seed-specific NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) domain transcription factors, ONAC127 and ONAC129, are responsive to heat stress and involved in the grain filling process of rice. ONAC127 and ONAC129 are dominantly expressed in the pericarp and can form a heterodimer during rice grain filling. CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutants and overexpression lines were then generated to investigate the function of these two transcription factors. Interestingly, both knock-out and overexpression plants showed incomplete grain filling and shrunken grains, which became more severe under heat stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ONAC127 and ONAC129 mainly regulate stimulus response and nutrient transport. ChIP-seq analysis identified that the direct target genes of ONAC127 and ONAC129 in developing rice seeds include monosaccharide transporter gene OsMST6, sugar transporter gene OsSWEET4, calmodulin-like protein gene OsMSR2 and AP2/ERF factor gene OsEATB. These results suggest that ONAC127 and ONAC129 regulate grain filling by affecting sugar transportation and abiotic stress responses. Overall, this study demonstrates a transcriptional regulatory network with ONAC127 and ONAC129 coordinating multiple pathways to modulate seed development and heat stress responses at rice reproductive stages.
D-Dimer Combined With CRP Can Improve the Differential Value of Bacterial Meningitis and Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Lu Liuyi , Qi Yunwei , Chen Huaping , Hu Zuojian , Yang Sitao , Qin Simeng , Zhang Linyan , Chen Mingxing , Qin Xue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore the diagnostic value of the coagulation marker D-dimer and its combination with the traditional marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in distinguishing bacterial meningitis (BM) from tuberculous meningitis (TM).

Methods
We performed a retrospective study on specimens from 173 patients with meningitis who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China, from 2012 through 2020. The patient records were divided into the BM group and the TM group, and hematological parameters D-dimer and CRP were evaluated for the 2 groups.

Results
The levels of D-dimer and CRP in the BM group were significantly higher than those levels in the TM group (P ˂.001 for each), and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of the 2 markers was 86.3% to 100%; the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reached 0.983 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.966–0.999).

Conclusion
D-dimer testing has high specificity in distinguishing between BM and TM; CRP testing also has high sensitivity. The combined diagnosis of the 2 biomarkers helps to distinguish TM from BM.
On the Moralization of Moral Theory
Authors: Baz Avner 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the concluding lines of Part Three of The Claim of Reason, Stanley Cavell writes: ‘If the moralist is the human being who best grasps the human position, teaches us what our human position is, better than we know, in ways we cannot escape but through distraction and muddle, then our first task in subjecting ourselves to judgment is to tell the moralist from the moralizer’ (Cavell 1979, hereafter ‘CR’, p. 326). Cavell then proceeds to characterize the moralizer as one who is ‘speaking in the name of a position one does not occupy, confronting others in positions of which one will not imagine the acknowledgement’ (CR, p. 326). Beginning with an exposition of Cavell’s notion of ‘moral position’, I will offer an interpretation of the distinction he draws between the moralist and the moralizer; I will then explain how the moral philosopher’s (attempted) use of morally significant words may come to resemble the moralizer’s; and then I will argue that contemporary English-speaking moral philosophy as represented by the recent debates concerning ‘moral testimony’, or ‘moral deference’, has been failing its moralist aspirations, and that, by Cavell’s lights, the morality reflected in those debates is, in essence, that of the moralizer.
On the radial abundance gradients of nitrogen and oxygen in the inner Galactic disc
Authors: Arellano-Córdova K Z , Esteban C , García-Rojas J , Méndez-Delgado J E 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present optical spectra of nine Galactic H ii regions observed with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias telescope and located at Galactocentric distances (RG) from 4 to 8 kpc. The distances of the objects have been revised using Gaia DR2 parallaxes. We determine the electron temperature for all the nebulae, which allows a precise computation of their ionic abundances. We have included published data of an additional sample of Galactic H ii regions, providing a final data set of 42 objects. The shape of the radial gradients of O/H and N/H is linear and constant, discarding any substantial change of the slope, at least for RG between 4 and 17 kpc. The small dispersion of the O/H and N/H values with respect to the computed gradients imply the absence of significant azimuthal variations of the chemical abundances, at least in the quadrant covered by our observations. We find an almost flat N/O versus O/H diagram relation. This result is not observed in other nearby spiral galaxies except M31. Finally, we compare our computed gradients with those obtained using far-infrared (FIR) spectra. We confirm the significant offset in the N/O distribution between the optical and FIR observations. Possible explanations involve ionization correction factors and the strong dependence on density of the abundance determinations based on FIR lines.
A NuSTAR confirmation of the 36 ks hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation in the magnetar 1E 1547.0 − 5408
Authors: Makishima Kazuo , Enoto Teruaki , Yoneda Hiroki , Odaka Hirokazu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper describes an analysis of the NuSTAR data of the fastest-rotating magnetar 1E 1547 − 5408, acquired in 2016 April for a time lapse of 151 ks. The source was detected with a 1–60 keV flux of 1.7 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2, and its pulsation at a period of 2.086710(5) s. In 8–25 keV, the pulses were phase-modulated with a period of T = 36.0 ± 2.3 ks, and an amplitude of ∼0.2 s. This reconfirms the Suzaku discovery of the same effect at $T=36.0 ^{+4.5}_{-2.5}$ ks, made in the 2009 outburst. These results strengthen the view derived from the Suzaku data, that this magnetar performs free precession as a result of its axial deformation by ∼0.6 × 10−4, possibly caused by internal toroidal magneti fields (MFs) reaching ∼1016 G. Like in the Suzaku case, the modulation was not detected in energies below ∼8 keV. Above 10 keV, the pulse-phase behaviour, including the 36 ks modulation parameters, exhibited complex energy dependencies: at ∼22 keV, the modulation amplitude increased to ∼0.5 s, and the modulation phase changed by ∼65° over 10–27 keV, followed by a phase reversal. Although the pulse significance and pulsed fraction were originally very low in &gt;10 keV, they both increased noticeably, when the arrival times of individual photons were corrected for these systematic pulse-phase variations. Possible origins of these complex phenomena are discussed, in terms of several physical processes that are specific to ultrastrong MFs.
Dual polarization measurements of MWA beampatterns at 137 MHz
Authors: Chokshi A , Line J L B , Barry N , Ung D , Kenney D , McPhail A , Williams A , Webster R L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The wide adoption of low-frequency radio interferometers as a tool for deeper and higher resolution astronomical observations has revolutionized radio astronomy. Despite their construction from static, relatively simple dipoles, the sheer number of distinct elements introduces new, complicated instrumental effects. Their necessary remote locations exacerbate failure rates, while electronic interactions between the many adjacent receiving elements can lead to non-trivial instrumental effects. The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) employs phased array antenna elements (tiles), which improve collecting area at the expense of complex beam shapes. Advanced electromagnetic simulations have produced the fully embedded element (FEE) simulated beam model which has been highly successful in describing the ideal beam response of MWA antennas. This work focuses on the relatively unexplored aspect of various in-situ, environmental perturbations to beam models and represents the first large-scale, in-situ, all-sky measurement of MWA beam shapes at multiple polarizations and pointings. Our satellite based beam measurement approach enables all-sky beam response measurements with a dynamic range of ∼50 dB, at 137 MHz.
Massive black holes in high-redshift Lyman Break Galaxies
Authors: Orofino M C , Ferrara A , Gallerani S 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Several evidences indicate that Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) in the Epoch of Reionization (redshift z &gt; 6) might host massive black holes (MBHs). We address this question by using a merger-tree model combined with tight constraints from the 7 Ms Chandra survey and the known high-z super-MBH population. We find that a typical LBG with MUV = −22 residing in an Mh ≈ 1012 M⊙ halo at z = 6 host an MBH with mass M• ≈ 2 × 108 M⊙. Depending on the fraction, fseed, of early haloes planted with a direct collapse black hole seed (Mseed = 105M⊙), the model suggests two possible scenarios: (i) if fseed = 1, MBHs in LBGs mostly grow by merging and must accrete at a low (λE ≃ 10−3) Eddington ratio not to exceed the experimental X-ray luminosity upper bound $L_\mathrm{ X}^* = 10^{42.5} {\rm erg\, s}^{-1}$; (ii) if fseed = 0.05, accretion dominates (λE ≃ 0.22) and MBH emission in LBGs must be heavily obscured. In both scenarios the UV luminosity function is largely dominated by stellar emission up to very bright mag, $M_{\rm UV} \lower.5ex\hbox{$\,\, \buildrel\gt \over \sim \,\,$}-23$, with BH emission playing a subdominant role. Scenario (i) poses extremely challenging, and possibly unphysical, requirements on DCBH formation. Scenario (ii) entails testable implications on the physical properties of LBGs involving the FIR luminosity, emission lines, and the presence of outflows.
A machine learning approach to galaxy properties: joint redshift–stellar mass probability distributions with Random Forest
Authors: Mucesh S , Hartley W G , Palmese A , Lahav O , Whiteway L , Bluck A F L , Alarcon A , Amon A , Bechtol K , Bernstein G M , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Choi A , Eckert K , Everett S , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Harrison I , Huff E M , Kuropatkin N , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sheldon E , Yanny B , Aguena M , Allam S , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bhargava S , Brooks D , Carretero J , Castander F J , Conselice C , Costanzi M , Crocce M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Drlica-Wagner A , Evrard A E , Ferrero I , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Lima M , Lin H , Maia M A G , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Morgan R , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Smith M , Suchyta E , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Varga T N , Wilkinson R D ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that highly accurate joint redshift–stellar mass probability distribution functions (PDFs) can be obtained using the Random Forest (RF) machine learning (ML) algorithm, even with few photometric bands available. As an example, we use the Dark Energy Survey (DES), combined with the COSMOS2015 catalogue for redshifts and stellar masses. We build two ML models: one containing deep photometry in the griz bands, and the second reflecting the photometric scatter present in the main DES survey, with carefully constructed representative training data in each case. We validate our joint PDFs for 10 699 test galaxies by utilizing the copula probability integral transform and the Kendall distribution function, and their univariate counterparts to validate the marginals. Benchmarked against a basic set-up of the template-fitting code bagpipes, our ML-based method outperforms template fitting on all of our predefined performance metrics. In addition to accuracy, the RF is extremely fast, able to compute joint PDFs for a million galaxies in just under 6 min with consumer computer hardware. Such speed enables PDFs to be derived in real time within analysis codes, solving potential storage issues. As part of this work we have developed galpro1, a highly intuitive and efficient python package to rapidly generate multivariate PDFs on-the-fly. galpro is documented and available for researchers to use in their cosmology and galaxy evolution studies.
Cosmology with the Einstein telescope: No Slip Gravity model and redshift specifications
Authors: Mitra Ayan , Mifsud Jurgen , Mota David F , Parkinson David 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The Einstein telescope and other third-generation interferometric detectors of gravitational waves are projected to be operational post 2030. The cosmological signatures of gravitational waves would undoubtedly shed light on any departure from the current gravitational framework. We here confront a specific modified gravity model, the No Slip Gravity model, with forecast observations of gravitational waves. We compare the predicted constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameters $w_0^{}-w_a^{}$, between the modified gravity model and that of Einstein gravity. We show that the No Slip Gravity model mimics closely the constraints from the standard gravitational theory, and that the cosmological constraints are very similar.
The use of spectroscopic redshifts, especially in the low–redshift regime, lead to significant improvements in the inferred parameter constraints. We test how well such a prospective gravitational wave dataset would function at testing such models, and find that there are significant degeneracies between the modified gravity model parameters, and the cosmological parameters that determine the distance, due to the gravitational wave dimming effect of the modified theory.
Statistical modelling of the cosmological dispersion measure
Authors: Takahashi Ryuichi , Ioka Kunihito , Mori Asuka , Funahashi Koki 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We have investigated the basic statistics of the cosmological dispersion measure (DM)—such as its mean, variance, probability distribution, angular power spectrum, and correlation function—using the state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations, IllustrisTNG300, for the fast radio burst cosmology. To model the DM statistics, we first measured the free-electron abundance and the power spectrum of its spatial fluctuations. The free-electron power spectrum turns out to be consistent with the dark matter power spectrum at large scales, but it is strongly damped at small scales (≲  Mpc) owing to the stellar and active galactic nucleus feedback. The free-electron power spectrum is well modelled using a scale-dependent bias factor (the ratio of its fluctuation amplitude to that of the dark matter). We provide analytical fitting functions for the free-electron abundance and its bias factor. We next constructed mock sky maps of the DM by performing standard ray-tracing simulations with the TNG300 data. The DM statistics are calculated analytically from the fitting functions of the free-electron distribution, which agree well with the simulation results measured from the mock maps. We have also obtained the probability distribution of source redshift for a given DM, which helps in identifying the host galaxies of FRBs from the measured DMs. The angular two-point correlation function of the DM is described by a simple power law, $\xi (\theta) \approx 2400 (\theta /{\rm deg})^{-1} \, {\rm pc}^2 \, {\rm cm}^{-6}$, which we anticipate will be confirmed by future observations when thousands of FRBs are available.
A unique arginine cluster in PolDIP2 enhances nucleotide binding and DNA synthesis by PrimPol
Authors: Kasho Kazutoshi , Stojkovič Gorazd , Velázquez-Ruiz Cristina , Martínez-Jiménez Maria Isabel , Doimo Mara , Laurent Timothée , Berner Andreas , Pérez-Rivera Aldo E , Jenninger Louise , Blanco Luis , Wanrooij Sjoerd 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Replication forks often stall at damaged DNA. To overcome these obstructions and complete the DNA duplication in a timely fashion, replication can be restarted downstream of the DNA lesion. In mammalian cells, this repriming of replication can be achieved through the activities of primase and polymerase PrimPol. PrimPol is stimulated in DNA synthesis through interaction with PolDIP2, however the exact mechanism of this PolDIP2-dependent stimulation is still unclear. Here, we show that PrimPol uses a flexible loop to interact with the C-terminal ApaG-like domain of PolDIP2, and that this contact is essential for PrimPol's enhanced processivity. PolDIP2 increases primer-template and dNTP binding affinities of PrimPol, which concomitantly enhances its nucleotide incorporation efficiency. This stimulation is dependent on a unique arginine cluster in PolDIP2. Since the polymerase activity of PrimPol alone is very limited, this mechanism, where the affinity for dNTPs gets increased by PolDIP2 binding, might be critical for the in vivo function of PrimPol in tolerating DNA lesions at physiological nucleotide concentrations.
Environmental Control of Phosphorus Acquisition: A Piece of the Molecular Framework Underlying Nutritional Homeostasis
Authors: Ueda Yoshiaki , Sakuraba Yasuhito , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Homeostasis of phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, is vital for plant growth under diverse environmental conditions. Although plants acquire P from the soil as inorganic phosphate (Pi), its availability is generally limited. Therefore, plants employ mechanisms involving various Pi transporters that facilitate efficient Pi uptake against a steep concentration gradient across the plant–soil interface. Among the different types of Pi transporters in plants, some members of the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1 (PHT1) family, present in the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells and root hairs, are chiefly responsible for Pi uptake from the rhizosphere. Therefore, accurate regulation of PHT1 expression is crucial for the maintenance of P homeostasis. Previous investigations positioned the Pi-dependent posttranslational regulation of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) transcription factor activity at the center of the regulatory mechanism controlling PHT1 expression and P homeostasis; however, recent studies indicate that several other factors also regulate the expression of PHT1 to modulate P acquisition and sustain P homeostasis against environmental fluctuations. Together with PHR1, several transcription factors that mediate the availability of other nutrients (such as nitrogen and zinc), light, and stress signals form an intricate transcriptional network to maintain P homeostasis under highly diverse environments. In this review, we summarize this intricate transcriptional network for the maintenance of P homeostasis under different environmental conditions, with a main focus on the mechanisms identified in Arabidopsis.
Phosphate Uptake and Transport in Plants: An Elaborate Regulatory System
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Fei , Lu Hong , Liu Yu , Mao Chuanzao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Low inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability is a limiting factor for plant growth and yield. To cope with a complex and changing environment, plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms for regulating Pi uptake and use. Recently, the molecular mechanisms of plant Pi signaling have become clearer. Plants absorb Pi from the soil through their roots and transfer Pi to various organs or tissues through phosphate transporters, which are precisely controlled at the transcript and protein levels. Here, we summarize recent progress on the molecular regulatory mechanism of phosphate transporters in Arabidopsis and rice, including the characterization of functional transporters, regulation of transcript levels, protein localization and turnover of phosphate transporters. A more in-depth understanding of plant adaptation to a changing Pi environment will facilitate the genetic improvement of plant P efficiency.
UGT84F9 is the major flavonoid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inMedicago truncatula
Authors: Adiji Olubu A , Docampo-Palacios Maite L , Alvarez-Hernandez Anislay , Pasinetti Giulio M , Wang Xiaoqiang , Dixon Richard A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMammalian phase II metabolism of dietary plant flavonoid compounds generally involves substitution with glucuronic acid. In contrast, flavonoids mainly exist as glucose conjugates in plants, and few plant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes have been identified to date. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, the major flavonoid compounds in the aerial parts of the plant are glucuronides of the flavones apigenin and luteolin. Here we show that the M. truncatula glycosyltransferase UGT84F9 is a bi-functional glucosyl/glucuronosyl transferase in vitro, with activity against a wide range of flavonoid acceptor molecules including flavones. However, analysis of metabolite profiles in leaves and roots of M. truncatula ugt84f9 loss of function mutants revealed that the enzyme is essential for formation of flavonoid glucuronides, but not most flavonoid glucosides, in planta. We discuss the use of plant UGATs for the semi-synthesis of flavonoid phase II metabolites for clinical studies.
Lipoxygenase functions in 1O2 production during root responses to osmotic stress
Authors: Chen Tomer , Cohen Dekel , Itkin Maxim , Malitsky Sergey , Fluhr Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDrought induces osmotic stress in roots, a condition simulated by the application of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. Osmotic stress results in the reduction of Arabidopsis thaliana root growth and production of 1O2 from an unknown non-photosynthetic source. Reduced root growth can be alleviated by application of the 1O2 scavenger histidine (HIS). Here, we examined the possibility that 1O2 production involves Russell reactions occurring among the enzymatic products of lipoxygenases (LOXs), the fatty acid hydroperoxides. LOX activity was measured for purified soybean (Glycine max) LOX1 and in crude Arabidopsis root extracts using linoleic acid as substrate. Formation of the 13(S)-Hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid product was inhibited by salicylhdroxamic acid, which is a LOX inhibitor, but not by HIS, whereas 1O2 production was inhibited by both. D2O, which specifically extends the half-life of 1O2, augmented the LOX-dependent generation of 1O2, as expected from a Russell-type reaction. The addition of linoleic acid to roots stimulated 1O2 production and inhibited growth, suggesting that the availability of LOX substrate is a rate-limiting step. Indeed, water stress rapidly increased linoleic and linolenic acids by 2.5-fold in roots. Mutants with root-specific microRNA repression of LOXs showed downregulation of LOX protein and activity. The lines with downregulated LOX displayed significantly less 1O2 formation, improved root growth in osmotic stress, and an altered transcriptome response compared with wild type. The results show that LOXs can serve as an enzymatic source of “dark” 1O2 during osmotic stress and demonstrate a role for 1O2 in defining the physiological response.