bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young People Considering Nursing as a Career: Starters vs. Non-starters
Authors: Ehrenfeld Mally , Rotenberg Aviva , Sharon Rina , Bergman Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study focused on applicants who were accepted to a nursing education program but did not begin their studies, thus wasting time, effort and money. Of 953 accepted applicants, 27% did not enter the program. Significant variables differentiating starters from non-starters were higher psychometric score, higher paternal education, lower priority for nursing studies, older age, non-Israeli country of birth and not completed army service. The study relating to starters vs. non-starters is one aspect of a large study (Ehrenfeld, Rotenberg, Sharon, & Bergman, 1995). In most nursing education programs the number of applicants exceed the faculty's capacity, and suitable candidates must be rejected. It is therefore both wasteful and disappointing when accepted applicants change their mind and do not actually begin in the program. In light of the costs and complexities involved in the student screening process and the continuous efforts extended today all over the world to raise the standards of nursing education and care, the factors differentiating starters from non-starters may have important implications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the screening process at the Tel Aviv University baccalaureate nursing program and determine which variables were predictive of starters and nonstarters among accepted applicants.
Student Evaluation of Courses: Determining the Reliability and Validity of Three Survey Instruments
Authors: Jeffreys Marianne R , Massoni Margaret , O'Donnell Mary , Smodlaka Ivan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of three instruments designed for student evaluation of courses: the Course, Library, and Computer (CLC); the Clinical (CLIN); and the Nursing Skills Lab (NSL) evaluation tools. Using data from 294 anonymous associate degree nursing students, internal consistency and reliability were demonstrated by the high alpha coefficients ranging from .85 to .94. An exploratory principal component analysis, with the varimax rotation, provided an estimate of construct validity.
Nursing Students' Experiences Caring for Dying Patients
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Since the 1960s nurse educators have been searching for the most effective approach to prepare nursing students for care of the dying. Studies investigating the effectiveness of death education programs for nursing students have reported inconsistent findings. A phenomenological study was conducted to explore the meaning of 26 undergraduate nursing students' experiences in caring for dying patients. The nursing students' written descriptions of their experiences were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological method. Six themes emerged from this analysis. While caring for dying patients, nursing students experienced a gamut of emotions such as fear, sadness, frustration, and anxiety. Contemplation of the patient's life and death occurred as the students cared for their patients. In addition to providing physical, emotional, and spiritual support for dying patients, an integral part of nursing students' care involved supporting the patients' families. Helplessness was experienced by the students regarding their role as patient advocates. While caring for dying patients, nursing students' learning flourished. Educational strategies for preparing nursing students to care for the dying are addressed based on the findings of this qualitative study.
History of Higher Education: Educational Reform and the Emergence of the Nursing Professorate
Authors: Ruby Jane 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
At the end of the 19th century and prior to any published nursing theories, a number of visionaries in the field of nursing were engaged in the pursuit of a liberal education for nurses. These special people, rarely considered in contemporary nursing curricula, were responsible for moving nursing education out of hospitals and into universities. This shift was primarily responsible for the development of nursing professors, which never may have developed had nursing education remained under the auspices of hospitals.
Teaching Feminist Group Process Within a Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Banister Elizabeth , Schreiber Rita 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nurse educators are challenged to develop emancipatory teaching approaches that will create opportunities for studente to develop their own praxis. In particular, the authors faced the challenge of teaching feminist group process within a curriculum based on phenomenology, feminism, and critical social theory. In this article, we discuss the challenges and rewards of teaching nursing and other students about feminist procees through the creation of experiential learning opportunities. In addition, we highlight recommendations based on our own praxis.
A Triad of Research Roles: Experiential Learning in an Undergraduate Research Course
Authors: Hitchcock Barbara Whitmeyer , Murphy Eileen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article describes an innovative approach to teaching undergraduate research content directly involving students in a faculty research study, and a student research project undertaken in a nursing research course. Junior-level students participated as research subjects in a faculty study focusing on the health perceptions of baccalaureate nursing students, became data collectors in a related student project on the health perceptions of lay people, and became consumers of the research by analyzing the findings and clinical relevance of these studies. This strategy for teaching research assisted students to master undergraduate research content by participatory involvement in several distinct phases of the research process. The project generated considerable interest and served to foster positive attitudes toward nursing research while concurrently increasing students' comfort level with the total process.
A Survey of the Ways Master's Level Nursing Students Learn the Research Process
Authors: Bower Fay L , Timmons Mae E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Because of the need for advanced practice nurses to perform more outcome measurement, a survey was conducted in the fall of 1997 to determine how master's level students learned the research process. Three hundred four surveys were mailed to schools with master's programs, and 222 were returned for a return rate of 73%. Sixty-six percent of the programs surveyed required a thesis and/or a research project. However, there was great variation in the research projects. A comprehensive examination was used to measure research ability by 36 programs (16%), either in conjunction with a thesis or research project or alone. One hundred forty-six programs (66%) offered only one option, be it a thesis, research project, comprehensive examination, or the many other alternative activities described by respondents. Seventy-six programs (34%) offered a variety of options from which students could select. The major differences between the thesis and the research project were related to three issues: a) the nature of the supervision; b) whether the activity was an individual or group project; and c) the amount of participation of the students. Because of the variability of expectations and the ways students are taught research, it was recommended nurse educators determine whether master's level nurse graduates were prepared to conduct outcome measurement and whether the means used to teach the research process were effective considering that endeavor.
The Shifting Sands of Health Care Delivery: Curriculum Revision and Integration of Community Health Nursing
Authors: Conger Cynthia O'Neill , Baldwin Joan H , Abegglen JoAnn , Callister Lynn C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The health care delivery system in the United States is moving from an institutionally driven and controlled medical care model toward the Primary Health Care model described by the Alma-Alta Conference (World Health Organization [WHO], 1978) as community-driven comprehensive health care. However, nursing education still remains institutionally based, anchored in a medical model. Dynamic curricula must be developed that prepare nurses to practice in an ever-changing health care delivery system that is becoming more community based.
The purpose of this article is twofold: to provide an overview of the revised curriculum of Brigham Young University's College of Nursing (BYU-CON) as one example of a faculty's attempt to develop a program that prepares graduates skilled in providing health care in the 21st century; and to examine closely the integration of community health nursing into the curriculum.
Theoretical Foundations of Service-Learning in Nursing Education
Authors: Bailey Patricia A , Carpenter Dona Rinaldi , Harrington Patricia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although somewhat new to nursing, service-learning has had a long history of development. To be successful, a service-learning program must have institutional support, interested faculty and motivated students, potential for strong community partnerships, and an ongoing orientation and development component. Reflection is an important link between the service students perform and the learning outcomes of that service.
Analysis of Differences in Entry-Level RN Practice by Educational Preparation
Authors: Smith June E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The National Council of State Boards of Nursing performs a practice (or job) analysis every 3 years linking the NCLEX-RN® to practice through assessment of current RN job tasks. Although the primary purpose of the practice analyses is validation of the examination, data also may be used to assess for differences in practice by subsets of nurses. A secondary analysis of the 1999 RN Practice Analysis was performed to explore any divergence in practice attributable to educational preparation. The average frequencies of performance of 189 nursing activities were computed separately for graduates of associate degree (ADN) and baccalaureate degree (BSN) nursing programs and compared. Results demonstrated a .98 Pearson r correlation between the averages of the two groups. Both groups performed routine nursing care activities with the greatest frequencies and demonstrated more complex or advanced skills, such as teaching and managing care, at similar lower rates. Differences in the averages between the two groups were negligible. For 144 (76%) of the activities, differences were less than .25 on a scale of 0 to 5.
Integrating Mental Illness Prevention Into Community-Based Undergraduate Education
Authors: Seed Mary St Jonn , Higgins Sally 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Including preventive models of health care in undergraduate education is essential as the nursing profession moves increasingly to community-based care. Traditionally, mental health curricula have focused primarily on psychopathology. This article presents current research in the attachment and temperament literature, which provides sound evidence for the need to synthesize prevention of mental illness concepts into undergraduate education. A curriculum model that integrates concepts from psychiatry and public health to prepare nursing students to promote mental health is described.
Health Promotion and Tobacco Control: Student Nurses' Perspectives
Authors: Chalmers Karen , Seguire Marilyn , Brown Judy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article reports findings about student nurses' understanding of the nursing role in health promotion related to tobacco issues. These findings were derived from the data of a larger project, examining smoking practices of baccalaureate nursing students in Manitoba, Canada. The study was conducted with second-year, third-year, and fourth-year university nursing students studying at several sites throughout the province (N = 272). From the data analysis of the interviews, class forums, and open-ended survey questions, five themes emerged (i.e., who they are-who they are becoming, central beliefs and attitudes, learning the facts, practice world-limited options, role conflict). Students expressed considerable uncertainty and conflict concerning individual autonomy around decisions about tobacco use. This resulted in confusion about themselves as role models and their use of health promotion interventions.
The Effect of Communication on Nursing Student Outcomes in a Web-Based Course
Authors: Frith Karen H , Kee Carolyn C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study compared the effectiveness of different instructional communication methods in a Web-based course on students' cognitive learning, satisfaction, and motivation to complete the course. A total of 174 undergraduate nursing students were selected randomly and assigned to experimental or control groupe. Instruments included a demographic data form, two examinations on course material, a course satisfaction scale, and calculation of completion rates. All students received identical didactic Web-based instructional materials. However, type of communication varied among groups.
No significant group differences were found for cognitive learning or motivation to complete the course. A significant group difference was found for student satisfaction with the course, indicating carefully planned communication strategies can improve satisfaction. A need for technical support also was evident. More research is needed to determine the best strategies to enhance student learning outcomes and decrease student attrition in Web-based courses.
A Performance Test to Accompany Ophthalmic Examination in the Young School Age Child: The "Draw A Bicycle" Test
Authors: Helveston Eugene M , Ellis Forrest D , Weber Janet C , Helveston Barbara H , Miller Kathleen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A performance test is proposed as an addition to the routine eye examination of the child performing poorly in school. Performance on the "draw a bicycle test" has a strong correlation with academic performance among children in grades one through three. Poor performance on the "draw a bicycle test" by children who have otherwise normal eye findings implicates a non ocular cause for the poor academic performance. Since the results of this simple test are immediately visible and readily understood by an attending parent, the ophthalmologist's role in counseling the parents against further ocular investigation and therapy is apparent.
Wegener's Granulomatosis Presenting as Orbital Pseudotumor in Children
Authors: Parelhoff Edward S , Chavis Richard M , Friendly David S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The case of a nine-year-old white female who presented initially with idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor and was ultimately diagnosed (22 months later) as having Wegener's granulomatosis is presented. A review of the literature reveals that, to date, there are 21 well-documented cases of Wegener's granulomatosis occurring in children under the age of 16. Of these 21 cases, eight patients (39%) manifested ocular or orbital signs during the course of the disease. Four of these cases (50%) presented initially with idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor. The diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis should be considered in children with orbital pseudotumor. Long-term follow-up may be necessary to exclude this possibility.
The Role of Ocular Torsion on the Etiology of A and V Patterns
Authors: Kushner Burton J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Theoretically, the torsion of the globe produced by primary oblique overaction results in a vertical displacement of the insertions of the horizontal recti and a horizontal displacement of the insertions of the vertical recti. This should alter the vectors of the forces exerted on the globe by the rectus muscles so that the horizontal recti become partial elevators or depressors and the vertical recti become increasing abductors or adductors. This change in force vectors tends to enhance the A or V pattern that results from oblique dysfunction. I propose that the etiology of A and V patterns is the result of a complex interplay between all of the extraocular muscles and present a clinical series to suggest the validity of that theory.
Retinal Vascular and Optic Nerve Abnormalities in Albinism
Authors: Spedick Michael J , Beauchamp George R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Albinism is a condition in which the pigment melanin may not be synthesized from tyrosine. The fundus photographs of 24 eyes of 12 patients with the clinical diagnosis of either ocular or oculocutaneous albinism were reviewed. We observed two findings that to our knowledge have not been reported previously. Eighteen eyes often patients had prominent retinal vessels coursing through the putative macular area instead of arching around it. Large noncilioretinal vessels extended from the disc to the dysplastic "foveal zone" in eight eyes of five patients. Typical optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) was seen in six eyes of four patients; features suggestive of ONH were present in an additional ten eyes of six patients. The cross-over (sharing) of clinical features between albinism and aniridia is striking and raises questions about pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Topographical Aspects of the Insertions of the Extraocular Muscles
Authors: Souza-Dias Carlos , Preto-Diaz Julio , Uesugui Carlos F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In 581 strabismus operations, the distances between the limbus and the scleral insertions of the rectus muscles were measured, as well as the distances between the anterior end of the insertions of the superior and the inferior obliques and the temporal end of the insertion of the superior rectus and the inferior end of the one of the lateral rectus, respectively.
In the case of the rectus muscles, smaller values than the classical ones were found. With the obliques, the measurements were similar to those of Fink.
The differences with age or refraction were not statistically significant. We concluded that these parameters are not important in the determination of the amount of recession of an extraocular muscle in strabismus operations in patients over the age of six months.
A Comparison of the Pupillary and Cardiovascular Effects of Various Mydriatic Agents in Preterm Infants
Authors: Sindel Bruce D , Baker M Douglas , Maisels M Jeffrey , Weinstein Joel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We conducted a randomized, masked study of pupillary dilating capabilities and associated cardiovascular effects of three solutions. Thirty-four babies <1500 grams at birth were studied at six to eight weeks. Group A (n=10) received phenylephrine (PE) 2.5% and tropicamide 1.0%; Group B (n=10) PE 2.5%, tropicamide 0.5%, and cyclopentolate 0.5%, Group C (n=10) PE 1.0% and tropicamide 1.0%; Group D (n=4) saline 0.9%. One drop was placed in each eye and repeated five minutes later. Pupillary dilation was measured with a metric ruler by direct observation at one hour. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored, using an oscillometer, immediately prior to the instillation of the drops and at five-minute intervals, for 60 minutes. BP and HR increased transiently in all groups receiving mydriatics but returned to baseline values in 25 minutes. This increase was significant in Groups A and B (2.5% PE: p<0.02). Group D (saline) showed no change in BP or HR. Postdrop pupillary size was largest in Group A but the differences were not significant. On exposure to bright light, the pupillary size in Group C was significantly smaller than Groups A or B (7.35 ± 0.59 mm, 7.23 ± 0.38 mm and 6.75 ± 0.57 mm in Groups A, B and C, p<.01). Nevertheless, dilation was sufficient to allow appropriate examination in all infants (pupillary diameter >6.0 mm). Solutions containing 2.5% PE are most effective for use in LBW infants, but produce cardiovascular effects. Solutions containing 1% PE provide adequate dilation with minimum cardiovascular effects.
Stereopsis Testing in a Preschool Vision Screening Program
Authors: Ruttum Mark S , Bence Susan M , Alcorn Deborah 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We conducted a preschool vision screening study using stereopsis testing with the Random Dot E and Lang stereotests as a complement to visual acuity measurement. Over 6000 children were screened. Stereopsis testing at a threshold of 600 seconds of arc was cognitively easier for the children than visual acuity measurement. At this threshold there was no effect on reducing the rate of visual acuity overreferrals, but ten children with abnormal binocular vision were detected who were not referred by visual acuity criteria. Though a large number of children passed only one of the two stereotests, there was no significant difference in their degree of difficulty. Stereopsis testing with these two stereotests may be a useful adjunct to preschool vision screening programs though further studies are required.
Acquired Brown's Syndrome From Blunt Orbital Trauma
Authors: Baker Robert S , Conklin John D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Blunt trauma to the supero-medial orbit resulted in an isolated Brown's syndrome in two patients. One recovered spontaneously in three weeks; the other had a good outcome after surgery two years post trauma. Recognition of the characteristic motility abnormality and forced duction testing will differentiate this condition from other, more common, motility disorders caused by orbital trauma.
Spontaneous resolution may occur but in persistent deviations a superior oblique muscle weakening procedure should be considered.
Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy (Parry-Romberg Disease)
Authors: Miller M T , Sloane H , Goldberg M F , Grisolano J , Frenkel M , Mafee M F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) is characterized by slowly progressive atrophy of one side of the face, primarily involving the subcutaneous tissue and fat. The onset is usually in the first two decades. Ophthalmic involvement is common; the most frequent abnormality is progressive endophthalmos with subsequent changes in the palpebral fissure. Pupillary disturbances, heterochromia, uveitis, and restrictive strabismus have also been frequently reported.
We describe six cases that manifest a wide spectrum of ocular and systemic findings. They are noteworthy in that all exhibit pigmentary disturbances of the ocular fundus, a finding rarely reported. Another unusual ocular manifestation in one patient was an acquired partial third nerve palsy on the unaffected side.
Epidemiology of Retinal Detachment in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Rosner Mordechai , Treister Giora , Belkin Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of retinal detachment during childhood and adolescence was studied in 45,000 recruits aged 17 to 19 years. History of retinal detachment was found in 13 cases (0.028%); 61.5% of these had traumatic retinal detachment, and 23.1% had high myopia without history of trauma. The age-related annual incidence of retinal detachment in patients aged ten to 19 years was calculated to be 2.9 per 100,000. The prevalence among the males was 3.7 per 10,000 and among the females 1.6 per 10,000. The difference between the sexes was not statistically significant.
Familial Iridoplegia
Authors: Hersh Joseph H , Douglas Craig , Houston John , Weisskopf Bernard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fixed, dilated pupils in childhood are usually due to interruption of parasympathetic innervation as a result of neurologic impairments or occur following pharmacologic mydriasis. We present a familial form of iridoplegia without structural defects of the eye which is consistent with a probable autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Examination of other family members should be part of an affected individual's evaluation particularly when this finding occurs as an isolated defect. Recognition of such an entity may avoid unnecessary neurodiagnostic studies in an affected individual.