bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal alcohol and cannabis exposure can have opposing and region‐specific effects on parvalbumin interneuron numbers in the hippocampus
Authors: Reid Hannah M. O. , Snowden Taylor M. , Shkolnikov Irene , Breit Kristen R. , Rodriguez Cristina , Thomas Jennifer D. , Christie Brian R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe recently showed that alcohol and cannabis can interact prenatally, and in a recent review paper, we identified parvalbumin‐positive (PV) interneurons in the hippocampus as a potential point of convergence for these teratogens.MethodsA 2 (Ethanol [EtOH], Air) × 2 (tetrahydrocannabinol [THC], Vehicle) design was used to expose pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats to either EtOH or air, in addition to either THC or the inhalant vehicle solution, during gestational days 5–20. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect PV interneurons in 1 male and 1 female pup from each litter at postnatal day 70.ResultsSignificant between‐group and subregion‐specific effects were found in the dorsal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subfield and the ventral dentate gyrus (DG). In the dorsal CA1 subfield, there was an increase in the number of PV interneurons in both the EtOH and EtOH +THC groups, but a decrease with THC alone. There were fewer changes in interneuron numbers overall in the DG, though there was a sex difference, with a decrease in the number of PV interneurons in the THC‐exposed group in males. There was also a greater cell layer volume in the DG in the EtOH +THC group than the control group, and in the CA1 region in the EtOH group compared to the control and THC groups.ConclusionsPrenatal exposure to alcohol and THC differentially affects parvalbumin‐positive interneuron numbers in the hippocampus, indicating that both individual and combined exposure can impact the balance of excitation and inhibition in a structure critically involved in learning and memory processes.
Hydrokinetic pancreatic function and insulin secretion are moduled by Cl− uniporter Slc26a9 in mice
Authors: Li T. , di Stefano G. , Raza G. S. , Sommerer I. , Riederer B. , Römermann D. , Tan X. , Tan Q. , Pallagi P. , Hollenbach M. , Herzig K.‐H. , Seidler U. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimSlc26a9 is a member of the Slc26 multifunctional anion transporter family. Polymorphisms in Slc26a9 are associated with an increased incidence of meconium ileus and diabetes in cystic fibrosis patients. We investigated the expression of Slc26a9 in the murine pancreatic ducts, islets and parenchyma, and elucidated its role in pancreatic ductal electrolyte and fluid secretion and endocrine function.MethodsPancreatic Slc26a9 and CFTR mRNA expression, fluid and bicarbonate secretion were assessed in slc26a9−/− mice and their age‐ and sex‐matched wild‐type (wt) littermates. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed.ResultsCompared with stomach, the mRNA expression of Slc26a9 was low in pancreatic parenchyma, 20‐fold higher in microdissected pancreatic ducts than parenchyma, and very low in islets. CFTR mRNA was ~10 fold higher than Slc26a9 mRNA expression in each pancreatic cell type. Significantly reduced pancreatic fluid secretory rates and impaired glucose tolerance were observed in female slc26a9−/− mice, whereas alterations in male mice did not reach statistical significance. No significant difference was observed in peripheral insulin resistance in slc26a9−/− compared to sex‐ and aged‐matched wt controls. In contrast, isolated slc26a9−/− islets in short term culture displayed no difference in insulin content, but a significantly reduced glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion compared to age‐ and sex‐matched wt islets, suggesting that the impaired glucose tolerance in the absence of Slc26a9 expression these is a pancreatic defect.ConclusionsDeletion of Slc26a9 is associated with a reduction in pancreatic fluid secretion and impaired glucose tolerance in female mice. The results underline the importance of Slc26a9 in pancreatic physiology.
Exploring men’s vulnerability in the global South: Methodological reflections
Authors: Zweig Patricia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn South Africa, young men are generally considered to generate many of the risks associated with informal settlement life, yet their own vulnerability in these environments is seldom considered. Seeking insights into male susceptibility in these impoverished urban spaces is methodologically challenging. How does one encourage poor marginalised young men to speak with candour about their insecurities and challenges? The research methods used, while facilitating openness, should also build their confidence as they reflect on the challenges of everyday life. This paper describes the methodological journey undertaken in a study of young Black men living in informal settlements in Cape Town, South Africa, revealing how they perceive their vulnerability in these environments. It demonstrates how a suite of methods gradually developed through trial and error, with the young men themselves assisting in the adaptation of tools, ranging from interviews using adapted participatory methods to non‐prescriptive diary‐writing. Together they delivered deep and penetrating insights into the lives of the young men, and the nature of their vulnerability.
Comparing digital to print assessment of receptive vocabulary with GraWo‐KiGa in Austrian kindergarten
Authors: Paleczek Lisa , Seifert Susanne , Schöfl Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current study digitalised an assessment instrument of receptive vocabulary knowledge, GraWo‐KiGa, for use in Austrian kindergartens. Using a mixed‐methods approach, this study looks at 85 kindergarteners in their last year (age M = 5.79 years, 51.8% male, 71.8% L1 German), to find out (a) whether the form of digital assessment employed meets the required quality criteria and is comparable to the print version and (b) how instructors and children perceive its practicality and comprehensibility, as well as which version kindergarteners prefer. The results reveal that the digital assessment tool is both reliable (α = 0.85) and valid (convergent validity: r = 0.43; discriminant validity: r = 0.31). Results of the digital and print version were comparable (r = 0.83). Although children found both versions easy to use, most of them reported the digital version to be easier and also preferred. In light of the numerous benefits that digital assessments offer in terms of administration, evaluation, feedback and motivation, the digital version of GraWo‐KiGa has great potential in easing kindergarten teachers' assessment procedures. However, due to the limited availability of digital resources, the print version will remain highly relevant in the future.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Proper assessment is the basis of individualised support.
Digital assessment procedures can ease the assessment process and motivate children, even in kindergarten.
In German‐speaking countries, digitalisation has barely reached kindergarten.
The print version of GraWo‐KiGa reliably and validly assesses receptive vocabulary in kindergarteners in their last year.
What this paper adds

GraWo‐KiGa digital meets the necessary quality criteria in terms of reliability and validity and is comparable to its print version.
GraWo‐KiGa is practical in use for both children and kindergarten teachers.
Most kindergarteners preferred the digital version over the print version. Teachers benefit from easy administration and evaluation, quick results, and a pleasant screening procedure for the kids.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Digital assessment tools in kindergarten have the potential to support kindergarten teachers in their regular assessment processes.
In kindergarten, the use of GraWo‐KiGa digital allows children at risk of developing reading comprehension difficulties to be identified quickly and economically.
Digital assessments enable rapid and targeted allocation of children to support programmes.
Incidence and predictors of textbook outcome after simultaneous liver and rectal surgeries for Stage IV rectal cancer
Authors: Russolillo Nadia , Gentile Valentina , Ratti Francesca , Ardito Francesco , Serenari Matteo , Lombardi Raffaele , Jovine Elio , Cescon Matteo , Giuliante Felice , Aldrighetti Luca , Ferrero Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTextbook outcome (TO) is a new surgical quality measure that combines structure, process and surgical outcomes into a single element. Our study aimed to determine the incidence of TO after simultaneous rectal and liver surgery and to use the achievement of TO as a tool to identify the best candidates for these complex procedures.MethodsIn total, 256 patients who underwent simultaneous liver and rectal surgery for Stage IV rectal cancer between January 2004 and August 2019 at five tertiary centres were enrolled. TO was defined as a lack of complication, prolonged length of stay, readmission and death.ResultsMortality rate at 90 days and major morbidity rate were 2.3% and 15.6%, respectively. An overall TO was achieved in 59% of the patients, which is associated with significantly improved overall (median TO 86.3 months vs. no TO 37.4 months) and disease‐free (median TO 70.6 months vs. no TO 24.9 months) survival. On multivariate analysis the presence of multi‐comorbidities (OR 3.073) was associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving TO. Left lateral sectionectomy/limited resection was a protective factor (OR 0.416).ConclusionTO was achieved in six of 10 patients undergoing simultaneous resections for rectal cancer and liver metastases. Achieving a TO is strongly associated with improved long‐term survival. The best candidates for these procedures were patients without multiple comorbidities and those treated with left lateral sectionectomy/limited resection.
The role of Ca2+/Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway in osteoblastogenesis
Authors: Ren Ranyue , Guo Jiachao , Chen Yangmengfan , Zhang Yayun , Chen Liangxi , Xiong Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe bone remodelling process is closely related to bone health. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts participate in the bone remodelling process under the regulation of various factors inside and outside. Excessive activation of osteoclasts or lack of function of osteoblasts will cause occurrence and development of multiple bone‐related diseases. Ca2+/Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway regulates the growth and development of many types of cells, such as cardiomyocyte differentiation, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, myogenesis, bone development and regeneration, etc. Some evidences indicate that this signalling pathway plays an extremely important role in bone formation and bone pathophysiologic changes. This review discusses the role of Ca2+/Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway in the process of osteogenic differentiation, as well as the influence of regulating each component in this signalling pathway on the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, whereby the relationship between Ca2+/Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway and osteoblastogenesis could be deeper understood.
Habitat suitability models based on opportunistic citizen science data: Evaluating forecasts from alternative methods versus an individual‐based model
Authors: Bradter Ute , Ozgul Arpat , Griesser Michael , Layton‐Matthews Kate , Eggers Jeannette , Singer Alexander , Sandercock Brett K. , Haverkamp Paul J. , Snäll Tord 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the utility of opportunistic data from citizen science programmes for forecasting species distributions against forecasts with a model of individual‐based population dynamics.LocationSweden.MethodsWe evaluated whether alternative methods for building habitat suitability models (HSMs) based on opportunistic data from citizen science programmes produced forecasts that were consistent with forecasts from two benchmark models: (1) a HSM based on data from systematic monitoring and (2) an individual‐based model for spatially explicit population dynamics based on empirical demographic and movement data. We forecasted population numbers and habitat suitability for three realistic, future forest landscapes for a forest bird, the Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus). We ranked simulated forest landscapes with respect to their benefits to Siberian jays for each modelling method and compared the agreement of the rankings among methods.ResultsForecasts based on our two benchmark models were consistent with each other and with expectations based on the species’ ecology. Forecasts from logistic regression models based on opportunistic data were consistent with the benchmark models if species detections were combined with high‐quality inferred absences derived via retrospective interviews with experienced “super‐reporters.” In contrast, forecasts with three other widely used methods were inconsistent with the benchmark models, sometimes with misleading rankings of future scenarios.Main conclusionsOur critical evaluation of alternative HSMs against a spatially explicit IBM demonstrates that information on species absences critically improves forecasts of species distributions using opportunistic data from citizen science programmes. Moreover, high‐quality information on species absences can be retrospectively inferred from surveys of the consistency of reporting of individual species and the identification skills of participating reporters. We recommend that citizen science projects incorporate procedures to evaluate reporting behaviour. Inferred absences may be especially useful for improving forecasts for species and regions poorly covered by systematic monitoring schemes.
An auditory time perception illusion analogous to the visual Müller‐Lyer illusion
Authors: Surkys Tadas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to the centroid hypothesis, the visual Müller‐Lyer‐type illusions in which subjects misperceive lines or gaps as longer or shorter depending on surrounding distracters result from the pooling of positioning neural signals such that the perceived object is shifted towards these distracters. However, it is uncertain if this type of pooling is a more general principal that influences perceptions in other sensory modalities, including time perception based on auditory signals. In this study, I show that by applying the principles of the centroid hypothesis, an audial time duration illusion can be constructed. The perception of two sequential time intervals, which were defined by three short tone signals, was distorted by placing distracting white noise sounds near each signal. Misperception magnitude, which peaked at 31%, changed with the time interval between the tone signals and distracters; the relationship between the target–distracter distance and the illusion strength closely paralleled with that of a Müller‐Lyer‐type illusion, whereby the visual objects were analogically arranged in space rather than time. These results demonstrate that even if signals and distracters are distinguishable, the neural mechanisms for estimating time duration utilize coarser sampling to preserve processing resources at the expense of high accuracy. I hypothesize that systems that are dedicated to visual length and time duration estimations are based on similar perceptual magnitude evaluation algorithms. Moreover, this signal pooling principle may be applicable to other perceptual modalities across different species.
A consumer‐driven recycling theory for the impact of large herbivores on terrestrial ecosystem stoichiometry
Authors: Daufresne Tanguy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiological control of nutrient cycles is well documented in aquatic ecosystems, where consumer‐driven recycling by herbivores can significantly impact ecosystem stoichiometry. In contrast, little is known in terrestrial ecosystems, where there is evidence that herbivores can also impact ecosystem stoichiometry. I studied a stoichiometric model of the soil‐plant‐herbivore system. The model shows that herbivores influence the ecosystem stoichiometry mainly through the direct and indirect controls of ecosystem inputs and losses, in a more complex way than predicted by the classic consumer‐driven recycling theory. Overall, it shows that herbivores affect nutrient ratios in terrestrial ecosystems mostly independently of their own stoichiometric ratios, and that their impact may be different in forest versus grassland. The results highlight the sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystems to elusive actors, negligible in biomass but capable of modifying nutrient loss rates with major impacts on nutrient cycles and ecosystem stoichiometry.
Clinical and radiological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 meningo‐encephalitis
Authors: de Freitas Gabriel R. , Figueiredo Marcos Ravi , Vianna Arthur , Brandão Carlos Otávio , Torres‐Filho Helio M. , Martins Andrea F. A. , Tovar‐Moll Fernanda , Barroso Paulo F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThis case illustrates for the first time the clinical and radiological evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 meningo‐encephalitis.MethodsA case of a SARS‐CoV‐2 meningo‐encephalitis is reported.ResultsA 65‐year‐old man with COVID‐19 presenting with meningo‐encephalitis without respiratory involvement is described. He had fever, diarrhea and vomiting, followed by diplopia, urinary retention and sleepiness. Examination disclosed a convergence strabismus and ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, oligoclonal bands and increased interleukin 6 level. SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in the CSF through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, but not in nasopharyngeal, tracheal secretion and rectal samples. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions on white matter hemispheres, the body and splenium of the corpus callosum and resembling the projection of corticospinal tract, remarkably on cerebellar peduncles.ConclusionsThis demonstrates the challenges in diagnosing COVID‐19 in patients with neurological presentations.
High‐cycle and very‐high‐cycle fatigue behavior and life prediction of Ni‐based superalloy at elevated temperature
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Zhang Yucheng , Li Wei , Zhou Siqi , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe tension–tension test with stress ratio 0.1 was conducted to clarify high‐cycle and very‐high‐cycle fatigue properties of Ni‐based superalloy at 750°C by combining two‐ and three‐dimensional microscopic observations. Results show that as stress level decreases, fatigue failure is less likely to be induced by pore, while the possibility of crystallographic facet‐induced failure increases, and finally, the duplex S–N curves are formed. The larger roughness of crack nucleation region is mainly attributed to the geometric incompatibility of grains and the plastic deformation at crack tip. Under the influence of elevated temperature and vacuum environment, the transition size from small crack to long crack is approximately equal to the grain size. Combined with the evaluation of threshold values, the internal failure mechanism is elucidated. Finally, from the viewpoint of energy, a fatigue life prediction model is proposed, and the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
In situ experimental evidences for responses of abyssal benthic biota to shifts in phytodetritus compositions linked to global climate change
Authors: Nomaki Hidetaka , Rastelli Eugenio , Ogawa Nanako O. , Matsui Yohei , Tsuchiya Masashi , Manea Elisabetta , Corinaldesi Cinzia , Hirai Miho , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Danovaro Roberto , Nunoura Takuro , Amaro Teresa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbyssal plains cover more than half of Earth's surface, and the main food source in these ecosystems is phytodetritus, mainly originating from primary producers in the euphotic zone of the ocean. Global climate change is influencing phytoplankton abundance, productivity, and distribution. Increasing importance of picoplankton over diatom as primary producers in surface oceans (especially projected for higher latitudes) is projected and hence altering the quantity of organic carbon supplied to the abyssal seafloor as phytodetritus, consequences of which remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the in situ responses of abyssal biota from viruses to megafauna to different types of phytoplankton input (diatoms or cyanobacteria which were labeled with stable isotopes) at equatorial (oligotrophic) and temperate (eutrophic) benthic sites in the Pacific Ocean (1°N at 4277 m water depth and 39°N at 5260 m water depth, respectively). Our results show that meiofauna and macrofauna generally preferred diatoms as a food source and played a relatively larger role in the consumption of phytodetritus at higher latitudes (39°N). Contrarily, prokaryotes and viruses showed similar or even stronger responses to cyanobacterial than to diatom supply. Moreover, the response of prokaryotes and viruses was very rapid (within 1–2 days) at both 1°N and 39°N, with quickest responses reported in the case of cyanobacterial supply at higher latitudes. Overall, our results suggest that benthic deep‐sea eukaryotes will be negatively affected by the predicted decrease in diatoms in surface oceans, especially at higher latitudes, where benthic prokaryotes and viruses will otherwise likely increase their quantitative role and organic carbon cycling rates. In turn, such changes can contribute to decrease carbon transfer from phytodetritus to higher trophic levels, with strong potential to affect oceanic food webs, their biodiversity and consequently carbon sequestration capacity at the global scale.
Address, Interests, and Directed Duties
Authors: May Simon Căbulea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRowan Cruft offers an addressive account of directed duties and claim‐rights. He claims that the direction of a duty is constituted by two requirements of address between the parties: the right holder must conceive of the action as ‘to be done to me’ and the duty bearer must conceive of it as to be ‘done to you’. Cruft also argues against accounts of direction and claim‐rights that reduce the relation between the parties to nonrelational facts. One such reductive account is the justificatory interest theory. Cruft argues that social authorities can create conventional claim‐rights freely, without any constraint imposed by the right holder’s interests. I raise an antecedence objection against the addressive theory as an account of direction. I then argue against Cruft’s claim that conventional claim‐rights can be created independently of the right holder’s interests. I conclude that scepticism about the viability of a nonreductive theory of direction is warranted.