bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical eponyms: redeeming or not the long-standing tradition
Authors: Castillo Aleman Yandy Marx 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealthcare workers often use terms such as Apgar, Babinski or Glasgow in their routine duties. These terms are used worldwide; they are universal and recognised in various languages. Medical eponyms are immutable by the nature; they save valuable time by streamlining communication among health professionals. However, some of these terms lack accuracy and lead to confusion.Objective and methodsThis perspective article aims to analyse the current status of the divergent trends about redeeming (or not) the long-standing tradition of using medical eponyms. Multiple positions regarding the use of these terms have been expressed in the medical literature, and these are summarised in the manuscript. Although, this compilation is based primarily on the author’s medical background and experience.ResultsThere is an interesting debate in the scientific community about the suitability of certain eponyms. Defenders and detractors argue a broad spectrum of points, but there is still no international consensus. The use of classical, ethical and well-recognised medical eponyms will remain a cornerstone in daily clinical settings, textbooks and medical journals. However, their use can be inconsistent or confused in specific conditions, and they can be influenced by local geography and culture.ConclusionsThere is a need to refrain from using unethical and controversial eponyms throughout the whole of science. Further academic and scientific efforts should be addressed to provide a structural systematisation, semantic classification and etymological categorisation on the use of medical eponyms.
Exercise-nutrient interactions for improved postprandial glycemic control and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Gillen Jenna B. , Estafanos Stephanie , Govette Alexa 
Published: June 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rapidly growing yet largely preventable chronic disease. Exaggerated increases in blood glucose concentration following meals is a primary contributor to many long-term complications of the disease that decrease quality of life and reduce lifespan. Adverse health consequences also manifest years prior to the development of T2D due to underlying insulin resistance and exaggerated postprandial concentrations of the glucose-lowering hormone insulin. Postprandial hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic excursions can be improved by exercise, which contributes to the well-established benefits of physical activity for the prevention and treatment of T2D. The aim of this review is to describe the postprandial dysmetabolism that occurs in individuals at risk for and with T2D, and highlight how acute and chronic exercise can lower postprandial glucose and insulin excursions. In addition to describing the effects of traditional moderate-intensity continuous exercise on glycemic control, we highlight other forms of activity including low-intensity walking, high-intensity interval exercise, and resistance training. In an effort to improve knowledge translation and implementation of exercise for maximal glycemic benefits, we also describe how timing of exercise around meals and post-exercise nutrition can modify acute and chronic effects of exercise on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. Novelty: Exaggerated postprandial blood glucose and insulin excursions are associated with disease risk. Both a single session and repeated sessions of exercise improve postprandial glycemic control in individuals with and without T2D. The glycemic benefits of exercise can be enhanced by considering the timing and macronutrient composition of meals around exercise.
Construction and Validation of a Macrophage-Associated Risk Model for Predicting the Prognosis of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xiao Kang-Wen , Liu Zhi-Bo , Zeng Zi-Hang , Yan Fei-Fei , Xiao Ling-Fei , Li Jia-Li , Cai Lin 
Published: June 2021

Background. Osteosarcoma is one of the most common bone tumors among children. Tumor-associated macrophages have been found to interact with tumor cells, secreting a variety of cytokines about tumor growth, metastasis, and prognosis. This study aimed to identify macrophage-associated genes (MAGs) signatures to predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Methods. Totally 384 MAGs were collected from GSEA software C7: immunologic signature gene sets. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed between normal bone samples and osteosarcoma samples in GSE99671. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to identify prognostic MAGs in TARGET-OS. Decision curve analysis (DCA), nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and survival curve analysis were further used to assess our risk model. All genes from TARGET-OS were used for gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Immune infiltration of osteosarcoma sample was calculated using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE packages. The independent test data set GSE21257 from gene expression omnibus (GEO) was used to validate our risk model. Results. 5 MAGs (MAP3K5, PML, WDR1, BAMBI, and GNPDA2) were screened based on protein-protein interaction (PPI), DGE, and survival analysis. A novel macrophage-associated risk model was constructed to predict a risk score based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. The high-risk group showed a worse prognosis of osteosarcoma (

p

< 0.001) while the low-risk group had higher immune and stromal scores. The risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma. MAGs model for diagnosis of osteosarcoma had a better net clinical benefit based on DCA. The nomogram and ROC curve also effectively predicted the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Besides, the validation result was consistent with the result of TARGET-OS. Conclusions. A novel macrophage-associated risk score to differentiate low- and high-risk groups of osteosarcoma was constructed based on integrative bioinformatics analysis. Macrophages might affect the prognosis of osteosarcoma through macrophage differentiation pathways and bring novel sights for the progression and prognosis of osteosarcoma.
Upregulation of FGF9 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Transdifferentiation to Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ishioka Kota , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Hamamoto Junko , Terai Hideki , Emoto Katsura , Kim Tae-Jung , Hirose Shigemichi , Kamatani Takashi , Mimaki Sachiyo , Arai Daisuke , Ohgino Keiko , Tani Tetsuo , Masuzawa Keita , Manabe Tadashi , Shinozaki Taro , Mitsuishi Akifumi , Ebisudani Toshiki , Fukushima Takahiro , Ozaki Mari , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Kawada Ichiro , Naoki Katsuhiko , Nakamura Morio , Ohtsuka Takashi , Asamura Hisao , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Hayashi Yuichiro , Hegab Ahmed E. , Kobayashi Susumu S. , Kohno Takashi , Watanabe Hideo , Ornitz David M. , Betsuyaku Tomoko , Soejima Kenzo , Fukunaga Koichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Transdifferentiation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been reported in a subset of lung cancer cases that bear EGFR mutations. Several studies have reported the prerequisite role of TP53 and RB1 alterations in transdifferentiation. However, the mechanism underlying transdifferentiation remains understudied, and definitive additional events, the third hit, for transdifferentiation have not yet been identified. In addition, no prospective experiments provide direct evidence for transdifferentiation. In this study, we show that FGF9 upregulation plays an essential role in transdifferentiation. An integrative omics analysis of paired tumor samples from a patient with transdifferentiated SCLC exhibited robust upregulation of FGF9. Furthermore, FGF9 upregulation was confirmed at the protein level in four of six (66.7%) paired samples. FGF9 induction transformed mouse lung adenocarcinoma-derived cells to SCLC-like tumors in vivo through cell autonomous activation of the FGFR pathway. In vivo treatment of transdifferentiated SCLC-like tumors with the pan-FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 inhibited growth. In addition, FGF9 induced neuroendocrine differentiation, a pathologic characteristic of SCLC, in established human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Thus, the findings provide direct evidence for FGF9-mediated SCLC transdifferentiation and propose the FGF9–FGFR axis as a therapeutic target for transdifferentiated SCLC.

Significance:
This study demonstrates that FGF9 plays a role in the transdifferentiation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer.
FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Tumor Mutational Burden–High Solid Tumors
Authors: Marcus Leigh , Fashoyin-Aje Lola A. , Donoghue Martha , Yuan Mengdie , Rodriguez Lisa , Gallagher Pamela S. , Philip Reena , Ghosh Soma , Theoret Marc R. , Beaver Julia A. , Pazdur Richard , Lemery Steven J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The FDA approved pembrolizumab on June 16, 2020, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden–high [TMB-H; ≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. FDA granted the approval based on a clinically important overall response rate (29%; 95% confidence interval, 21–39) and duration of response (57% of responses lasting ≥ 12 months) in the subset of patients with TMB-H solid tumors (n = 102) spanning nine different tumor types enrolled in a multicenter single-arm trial (KEYNOTE-158). The efficacy of pembrolizumab was supported by the results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) analyses of TMB in additional patients enrolled across multiple pembrolizumab clinical trials, and a scientific understanding of the effects of PD-1 inhibition. Overall, the adverse event profile of pembrolizumab was similar to the adverse event profile observed in prior trials that supported the approval of pembrolizumab in other indications. This approval of pembrolizumab is the first time that the FDA has approved a cancer treatment for an indication based on TMB, and the fourth based on the presence of a biomarker rather than the primary site of origin.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Melanoma – The New Frontier
Authors: Menzies Alexander M. , Scolyer Richard A. , Long Georgina V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is gathering pace, particularly in melanoma. A recent study of pembrolizumab and HDI not only further supports the safety and activity of neoadjuvant anti–PD-1 based immunotherapy but also highlights neoadjuvant therapy as a solid platform for drug development that is likely to become a standard-of-care in the near future.
See related article by Najjar et al., p. 4195
An improved flower pollination solution for economic dispatch with valve point effect
Authors: Kamboh Muhammad Iqbal , Mohd Nawi Nazri , Bt. Mohamad Radiah 
Published: June 2021

<span>The economic dispatch is used to find the best optimal output of power generation at the lowest operating cost of each generator, to fulfill the requirements of the consumer. To get a practical solution, several constraints have to be considered, like transmission losses, the valve point effect, prohibited operating region, and emissions. In this research, the valve point effect is to be considered which increases the complexity of the problem due to its ripple effect on the fuel cost curve. Economic load dispatch problems are well-known optimization problems. Many classical and meta-heuristic techniques have been used to get better solutions. However, there is still room for improvement to get an optimal solution for the economic dispatch problem. In this paper, an Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm with dynamic switch probability and crossover operator is proposed to solve these complex optimization problems. The performance of our proposed technique is analyzed against fast evolutionary programming (FEP), modified fast evolutionary programming (MFEP), improved fast evolutionary programming (IFEP), artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) and standard flower pollination algorithm (SFPA) using three generator units and thirteen thermal power generation units, by including the effects of valve point loading unit and without adding it. The proposed technique has outperformed other methods in terms of the lowest operating fuel cost.</span>
Improvement of power transfer efficiency of hexagonal coil arrays in misalignment conditions
Authors: Franky Devano Sianturi Tigor , Hidayat Taufik , Alaydrus Mudrik 
Published: June 2021

<span>Wireless charging by transferring energy between two objects using electromagnetic fields commonly called Wireless power transfer is an alternative technology that is physically installed in an electric vehicle (EV) to charge. Parking alignment is a very important factor in driver behavior that affects Power transfer efficiency (PTE). The proposed hexagonal coil array design in this experiment is to optimize PTE and receiver coil size. The experimental results show that PTE in the tangential boundary plane Misalignment increases by 5-10% when compared to coil array circles and increases by 82% when compared to single coil circles. </span>
Exploiting non-orthogonal multiple access in device-to-device communication
Authors: Hoon Lee Sang , Young Shin Soo 
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes an uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with device-to-device (D2D) communication, enabling NOMA users to communicate with other users/devices using D2D communication to improve the system capacity. In the NOMA-D2D system, two cellular users communicated with the BS using uplink NOMA, and two cellular users simultaneously communicated with the D2D users using downlink NOMA. Closed-form solutions for the ergodic sum capacity of the proposed system are derived analytically. The analytical results are validated via simulations and they are compared with the results obtained from conventional schemes. The comparison shows that, in scenarios where efficient interference cancellation can be achieved, the proposed NOMA system with the D2D model can achieve higher capacity gains than conventional benchmark schemes. When dB, NOMA-D2D achieves capacity gains of 192.2% and 157.5% over the conventional OMA and the time-sharing-based NOMA, respectively.
Improved cloud radio access network based fair network model in internet pricing
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati , Maya Puspita Fitri , Wahyuni Desta , Yuliza Evi , Dwipurwani Oki 
Published: June 2021

In this study, the pricing scheme that will be formed is a model from the previous research model involving model of cloud-radio access network (C-RAN) and fair network management models. This model combines the benefits of internet service provider (ISP) and service quality (QoS) obtained by internet users, one of which is fair network factors. The model used is a nonlinear equation and is solved by the LINGO 13.0 program to get the optimal solution. The results show that the pricing scheme with regard to service quality generates maximum revenue for ISPs. Based on the improved C-RAN model that are classified into 2 cases, the optimal results in the improved model, the optimal value is found in the pricing scheme in case 1 of by conducting numerical computation using hotspot traffic from local server.
Sobre a tese de que a bivalência implica o determinismo causal, do estoicismo ao aristotelismo
Authors: Ferreira Paulo 
Published: June 2021

According to Simplicius’ commentary on Aristotle’s Categories, the Platonic philosopher Claudius Nicostratus (fl. mid-2nd c. A.D.) challenges Aristotle’s claim in the Categories to the effect that statements about future contingents are neither true nor false. I argue that Nicostratus’ charge traces back to Chrysippus’ argument for causal determinism in Cicero’s De Fato and plays a significant role in motivating Ammonius’ and Boethius’ solution to the problem of future contingents.
Metabolic Traits and Stroke Risk in Individuals of African Ancestry: Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Fatumo Segun , Karhunen Ville , Chikowore Tinashe , Sounkou Toure , Udosen Brenda , Ezenwa Chisom , Nakabuye Mariam , Soremekun Opeyemi , Daghlas Iyas , Ryan David K. , Taylor Amybel , Mason Amy M. , Damrauer Scott M. , Vujkovic Marijana , Keene Keith L. , Fornage Myriam , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Burgess Stephen , Gill Dipender 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
Metabolic traits affect ischemic stroke (IS) risk, but the degree to which this varies across different ethnic ancestries is not known. Our aim was to apply Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) liability and lipid traits on IS risk in African ancestry individuals, and to compare them to estimates obtained in European ancestry individuals.

Methods:
For African ancestry individuals, genetic proxies for T2D liability and circulating lipids were obtained from a meta-analysis of the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research study, the UK Biobank, and the Million Veteran Program (total N=77 061). Genetic association estimates for IS risk were obtained from the Consortium of Minority Population Genome-Wide Association Studies of Stroke (3734 cases and 18 317 controls). For European ancestry individuals, genetic proxies for the same metabolic traits were obtained from Million Veteran Program (lipids N=297 626, T2D N=148 726 cases, and 965 732 controls), and genetic association estimates for IS risk were obtained from the MEGASTROKE study (34 217 cases and 406 111 controls). Random-effects inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization was used as the main method, complemented with sensitivity analyses more robust to pleiotropy.

Results:
Higher genetically proxied T2D liability, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), total cholesterol and lower genetically proxied HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were associated with increased risk of IS in African ancestry individuals (odds ratio per doubling the odds of T2D liability [95% CI], 1.09 [1.07–1.11]; per standard-deviation increase in LDL-C, 1.12 [1.04–1.21]; total cholesterol: 1.23 [1.06–1.43]; HDL-C, 0.93 [0.89–0.99]). There was no evidence for differences in these estimates when performing analyses in European ancestry individuals.

Conclusions:
Our analyses support a causal effect of T2D liability and lipid traits on IS risk in African ancestry individuals, with Mendelian randomization estimates similar to those obtained in European ancestry individuals.
Muslims by Ascription: On Post-Lutheran Secularity and Muslim Immigrants
Authors: Thurfjell David , Willander Erika 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article empirically explores the interplay between the secular, post-Lutheran majority culture and Muslim immigrants in Sweden. It presents the ambiguous role of religion in the country’s mainstream discourse, the othering of religion that is characteristic to this, and the expectations of Muslims to be strongly religious that follows as its consequence. Four results of a web-panel survey with Swedes of Muslim and Christian family background are then presented: (1) Both groups largely distance themselves from their own religious heritage – the Muslims do this in a more definite way; (2) the Muslim respondents have more secular values and identities than the Christians; (3) contrary expectations, Christian respondents show more affinity to their religious heritage than the Muslims do to theirs; and (4) the fusion between the groups is prominent. The article concludes that equating religious family heritage with religious identity is precipitous in the case of Swedish Muslims.
Seeing the Mithraic Tauroctony
Authors: Martin Luther H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
What might a Mithraic initiate have seen when he viewed the ubiquitous tauroctonous image? Rather than understanding the tauroctony as illustrating an episode in a presumed mythic life of Mithras or as exemplifying some conceptual principle, this article seeks to understand the tauroctony as image qua image. Insights from art historians, neurophysiologists, and neurocognitivists show that cultural expectations for seeing the tauroctony are as an image of sacrifice and, at the same time, as an astrologically configured star map, cultural perceptions that were subject to local interpretations. A conclusion briefly suggests how all Mithraic images might have been seen and how scientific methodologies might profitably be incorporated into a history of religions.
Near-Resonances of Superinertial and Tidal Fluctuations at Islands
Authors: Brink K. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA linear numerical model of an island or a tall seamount is used to explore superinertial leaky resonances forced by ambient vertically and horizontally uniform current fluctuations. The model assumes a circularly symmetric topography (including a shallow reef) and allows realistic stratification and bottom friction. As long as there is substantial stratification, a number of leaky resonances are found, and when the island’s flanks are narrow relative to the internal Rossby radius, some of the near-resonant modes resemble leaky internal Kelvin waves. Other “resonances” resemble higher radial mode long gravity waves as explored by Chambers. The near-resonances amplify the cross-reef velocities that help fuel biological activity. Results for cases with the central island replaced by a lagoon do not differ greatly from the island case which has land at the center. As an aside, insight is provided on the question of offshore boundary conditions for superinertial nearly trapped waves along a straight coast.
Sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Detection and Tracking Results to Fine Spatial and Temporal Resolution using ERA5
Authors: Crawford Alex D. , Schreiber Erika A. P. , Sommer Nathan , Serreze Mark C. , Stroeve Julienne C. , Barber David G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLagrangian detection and tracking algorithms are frequently used to study the development, distribution, and trends of extratropical cyclones. Past research shows that results from these algorithms are sensitive to both spatial and temporal resolution of the gridded input fields, with coarser resolutions typically underestimating cyclone frequency by failing to capture weak, small, and short-lived systems. The fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) offers finer resolution, and therefore more precise information regarding storm locations and development than previous global reanalyses. However, our sensitivity tests show that using ERA5 sea-level pressure fields at their finest possible resolution does not necessarily lead to better cyclone detection and tracking. If a common number of nearest neighbors is used when detecting minima in sea-level pressure (like past studies), finer spatial resolution leads to noisier fields that unrealistically break up multi-center cyclones. Using a common search distance instead (with more neighbors at finer resolution) resolves the issue without smoothing inputs. Doing this also makes cyclone frequency, lifespan, and average depth insensitive to refining spatial resolution beyond 100 km. Results using 6-h and 3-h temporal resolutions have only minor differences, but using 1-h temporal resolution with a maximum allowed propagation speed of 150 km h-1 leads to unrealistic track splitting. This can be counteracted by increasing the maximum propagation speed, but modest sensitivity to temporal resolution persists for several cyclone characteristics. Therefore, we recommend caution if applying existing algorithms to temporal resolutions finer than 3-h and careful evaluation of algorithm settings.