bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhu Shaoming , Zhang Tian , Zheng Lei , Liu Hongtao , Song Wenru , Liu Delong , Li Zihai , Pan Chong-xian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was otherwise considered incurable. However, primary and secondary resistance to single agent immunotherapy often results in treatment failure, and only a minority of patients experience long-term benefits. This review article will discuss the relationship between cancer immune response and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. It will also provide a comprehensive review on the latest clinical status of combination therapies (e.g., immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy), and discuss combination therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It will provide an overview of therapies targeting cytokines and other soluble immunoregulatory factors, ACT, virotherapy, innate immune modifiers and cancer vaccines, as well as combination therapies that exploit alternative immune targets and other therapeutic modalities. Finally, this review will include the stimulating insights from the 2020 China Immuno-Oncology Workshop co-organized by the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), the China National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) and Tsinghua University School of Medicine.
Chemotherapy-triggered changes in stromal compartment drive tumor invasiveness and progression of breast cancer
Authors: Plava Jana , Burikova Monika , Cihova Marina , Trnkova Lenka , Smolkova Bozena , Babal Pavel , Krivosikova Lucia , Janega Pavol , Rojikova Lucia , Drahosova Slavka , Bohac Martin , Danisovic Lubos , Kucerova Lucia , Miklikova Svetlana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy remains a standard treatment option for breast cancer despite its toxic effects to normal tissues. However, the long-lasting effects of chemotherapy on non-malignant cells may influence tumor cell behavior and response to treatment. Here, we have analyzed the effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PAC), commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, on the survival and cellular functions of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which comprise an important part of breast tumor microenvironment.

Methods
Chemotherapy-exposed MSC (DOX-MSC, PAC-MSC) were co-cultured with three breast cancer cell (BCC) lines differing in molecular characteristics to study chemotherapy-triggered changes in stromal compartment of the breast tissue and its relevance to tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Conditioned media from co-cultured cells were used to determine the cytokine content. Mixture of BCC and exposed or unexposed MSC were subcutaneously injected into the immunodeficient SCID/Beige mice to analyze invasion into the surrounding tissue and possible metastases. The same mixtures of cells were applied on the chorioallantoic membrane to study angiogenic potential.

Results
Therapy-educated MSC differed in cytokine production compared to un-exposed MSC and influenced proliferation and secretory phenotype of tumor cells in co-culture. Histochemical tumor xenograft analysis revealed increased invasive potential of tumor cells co-injected with DOX-MSC or PAC-MSC and also the presence of nerve fiber infiltration in tumors. Chemotherapy-exposed MSC have also influenced angiogenic potential in the model of chorioallantoic membrane.

Conclusions
Data presented in this study suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy could possibly alter otherwise healthy stroma in breast tissue into a hostile tumor-promoting and metastasis favoring niche. Understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its complex net of signals brings us closer to the ability to recognize the mechanisms that prevent failure of standard therapy and accomplish the curative purpose.
Successful use of extended cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by extracorporeal oxygenation after venlafaxine-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrest: a case report
Authors: Forsberg Sune , Abazi Lis , Forsman Pär 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Severe venlafaxine intoxication may cause arrhythmias, cardiac failure, and even cardiac arrest.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old caucasian male with an extensive psychiatric history ingested a high dose of venlafaxine causing a serum venlafaxine concentration of 12.6 mg/L 24 hours after ingestion. Seven hours post-ingestion, he experienced tonic–clonic seizures, and 8 hours later, takotsubo cardiomyopathy was recognized followed by cardiac arrest. The patient was resuscitated with prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation including ongoing automatic external compressions during helicopter transportation to a tertiary hospital for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment. Despite a cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration of 2 hours, 36 hours of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and a total of 30 days of intensive care, the patient made a full recovery.

Conclusion
In cases of intoxication-induced cardiac arrests among otherwise young and healthy patients, prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and extracorporeal circulation can be a life-saving bridge to recovery.
Experiences of families of public safety personnel: a systematic review protocol of qualitative evidence
Authors: Leroux Janette , Richmond Rachel , Fitzpatrick Sara , Kirkland Hannah , Norris Deborah , Mahar Alyson , MacDermid Joy , Dekel Rachel , Cramm Heidi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Public safety occupations are well-recognized to be dangerous and stressful. Despite recent attention on post-traumatic stress injuries among public safety personnel, there has been considerably less attention paid to the ongoing ways in which the risks and requirements associated with those occupations shape family life, and how families respond and adapt to those lifestyle dimensions. This systematic review aims to understand how day-to-day family life is affected and shaped when a family member works in a public safety sector, such as fire, police, paramedic, corrections, and emergency communications.

Methods
Qualitative studies that examine the experiences of families or family members of public safety personnel will be included in this review, with no date or language restrictions. An initial search of Embase and CINAHL will be conducted, followed by an analysis of text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the articles. Databases to be searched for published studies include MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Sciences, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers. The full texts of selected studies will be assessed in detail, and findings and their illustrations will be extracted and aggregated. Any disagreements between the reviewers that arise at each stage will be resolved through discussion, or by a third reviewer. Further analysis of the synthesized findings will be informed by family systems theory.

Discussion
The ways that occupational risks and requirements shape family life have been better investigated within other high-risk occupation groups, which has led to productive advancements in organizational policies and supports in the respective sectors. An understanding of the experiences which typify family life ongoing within PSP sectors is a critical gap in the development of meaningful family-informed occupational initiatives and supports.

Systematic review registration
Submitted to PROSPERO for systematic review registration: CRD42020208126
Advances in engineering microbial biosynthesis of aromatic compounds and related compounds
Authors: Dickey Roman M. , Forti Amanda M. , Kunjapur Aditya M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAromatic compounds have broad applications and have been the target of biosynthetic processes for several decades. New biomolecular engineering strategies have been applied to improve production of aromatic compounds in recent years, some of which are expected to set the stage for the next wave of innovations. Here, we will briefly complement existing reviews on microbial production of aromatic compounds by focusing on a few recent trends where considerable work has been performed in the last 5 years. The trends we highlight are pathway modularization and compartmentalization, microbial co-culturing, non-traditional host engineering, aromatic polymer feedstock utilization, engineered ring cleavage, aldehyde stabilization, and biosynthesis of non-standard amino acids. Throughout this review article, we will also touch on unmet opportunities that future research could address.
Clustering subtypes of breast cancer by combining immunohistochemistry profiles and metabolism characteristics measured using FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kwon Hyun Woo , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Pahk Kisoo , Park Kyong Hwa , Kim Sungeun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combining immunohistochemical profiles and metabolic information to characterize breast cancer subtypes.

Methods
This retrospective study included 289 breast tumors from 284 patients who underwent preoperative 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT). Molecular subtypes of breast cancer were classified as Hormonal, HER2, Dual (a combination of both Hormonal and HER2 features), and triple-negative (TN). Histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical results for Ki-67, EGFR, CK 5/6, and p53 were also analyzed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) measured from FDG PET/CT was used to evaluate tumoral glucose metabolism.

Results
Overall, 182, 24, 47, and 36 tumors were classified as Hormonal, HER2, Dual, and TN subtypes, respectively. Molecular profiles of tumor aggressiveness and the tumor SUV revealed a gradual increase from the Hormonal to the TN type. The tumor SUV was significantly correlated with tumor size, expression levels of p53, Ki-67, and EGFR, and nuclear grade (all p < 0.001). In contrast, the tumor SUV was negatively correlated with the expression of estrogen receptors (r = − 0.234, p < 0.001) and progesterone receptors (r = − 0.220, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that histopathologic markers explained tumor glucose metabolism (adjusted R-squared value 0.238, p < 0.001). Tumor metabolism can thus help define breast cancer subtypes with aggressive/adverse prognostic features.

Conclusions
Metabolic activity measured using FDG PET/CT was significantly correlated with the molecular alteration profiles of breast cancer assessed using immunohistochemical analysis. Combining molecular markers and metabolic information may aid in the recognition and understanding of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and be helpful as a prognostic marker.
Use of patient specific 3D printed neurovascular phantoms to simulate mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Sommer Kelsey N. , Bhurwani Mohammad Mahdi Shiraz , Tutino Vincent , Siddiqui Adnan , Davies Jason , Snyder Kenneth , Levy Elad , Mokin Maxim , Ionita Ciprian N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The ability of the patient specific 3D printed neurovascular phantoms to accurately replicate the anatomy and hemodynamics of the chronic neurovascular diseases has been demonstrated by many studies. Acute occurrences, however, may still require further development and investigation and therefore we studied acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The efficacy of endovascular procedures such as mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for the treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO), can be improved by testing the performance of thrombectomy devices and techniques using patient specific 3D printed neurovascular models.

Methods
3D printed phantoms were connected to a flow loop with physiologically relevant flow conditions, including input flow rate and fluid temperature. A simulated blood clot was introduced into the model and placed in the proximal Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) region. Clot location, composition, length, and arterial angulation were varied and MTs were simulated using stent retrievers. Device placement relative to the clot and the outcome of the thrombectomy were recorded for each situation. Digital subtraction angiograms (DSA) were captured before and after LVO simulation. Recanalization outcome was evaluated using DSA as either ‘no recanalization’ or ‘recanalization’. Forty-two 3DP neurovascular phantom benchtop experiments were performed.

Results
Clot angulation within the MCA region had the most significant impact on the MT outcome, with a p-value of 0.016. Other factors such as clot location, clot composition, and clot length correlated weakly with the MT outcome.

Conclusions
This project allowed us to gain knowledge of how such characteristics influence thrombectomy success and can be used in making clinical decisions when planning the procedure and selecting specific thrombectomy tools and approaches.
Predicting the establishment of Diaphorina citri and Tamarixia radiata on Citrus x aurantiifolia orchards based on the plant–psyllid–parasitoid interaction on Murraya paniculata
Authors: Chirinos Dorys T. , Cuadros Italo M. , Velez Junior , Castro Rossana , Sornoza Ginger , Kondo Takumasa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The insect vector of Huanglongbing, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Lividae) was detected in Ecuador in 2013 and its main parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was reported for the first time in 2017. In the citrus production region of Manabí province, Ecuador, D. citri and T. radiata were reported for the first time on Murraya paniculata L. in 2016 and 2018, respectively. D. citri was first found infesting Citrus x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle in Manabí province at the end of 2018. The present study was conducted between August 2018 and May 2021 to: (1) monitor D. citri populations on M. paniculata and C. x aurantiifolia and determine the parasitism rates of T. radiata on D. citri nymphs on both host plants, (2) establish the occurrence of T. radiata parasitizing D. citri on C. x aurantiifolia, and (3) calculate a predictive model for estimating the number of parasitized nymphs on a planting lot of M. paniculata and a C. aurantiifolia orchard.

Results
Diaphorina citri populations on M. paniculata decreased from 11 nymphs (2018–2019) to approximately 2 nymphs per flush (2020). This was associated with a natural increase in parasitism rates of T. radiata from 20% (2018) to 96% in 2020. The regression equation (Y = 2.049Ln (x) + 5.88) was able to estimate the number of parasitized D. citri nymphs based on parasitism on M. paniculata (R2: 0.8315). Tamarixia radiata was first detected on C. x aurantiifolia in July 2020. Populations of D. citri reached 55 nymphs per flush (no parasitism) and subsequently decreased to the minimum level of 14 nymphs per flush (parasitism rates of up to 31%). The model allowed estimating the number of parasitized nymphs by T. radiata on M. paniculata and C. x aurantiifolia, with a maximum deviation of approximately 2 nymphs.

Conclusions
Based on the colonization and establishment of the psyllid–parasitoid interaction on M. paniculata, it is estimated that approximately by the end of 2022, populations of D. citri on C. x aurantiifolia would decline due to the highest percentages of parasitism by T. radiata. High parasitism rates may indicate the potential of T. radiata in conservation biological control and integrated pest management programs.
Automated quantification of deep grey matter structures and white matter lesions using magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing remission multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rizkallah Mina , Hefida Mohamed , Khalil Mohamed , Dawoud Rasha Mahmoud 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Brain volume loss (BVL) is widespread in MS and occurs throughout the disease course at a rate considerably greater than in the general population. In MS, brain volume correlates with and predicts future disability, making BVL a relevant measure of diffuse CNS damage leading to clinical disease progression, as well as serving as a useful outcome in evaluating MS therapies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of automated segmentation and quantification of deep grey matter structures and white matter lesions in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients using MR images and to correlate the volumetric results with different degrees of disability based on expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores.

Results
All the patients in our study showed relative atrophy of the thalamus and the putamen bilaterally when compared with the normal control group. Statistical analysis was significant for the thalamus and the putamen atrophy (P value < 0.05). On the other hand, statistical analysis was not significant for the caudate and the hippocampus (P value > 0.05); there was a significant positive correlation between the white matter lesions volume and EDSS scores (correlation coefficient of 0.7505). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between the thalamus and putamen volumes, and EDSS scores (correlation coefficients < − 0.9), while the volumes of the caudate and the hippocampus had a very weak and non-significant correlation with the EDSS scores (correlation coefficients > − 0.35).

Conclusions
The automated segmentation and quantification tools have a great role in the assessment of brain structural changes in RRMS patients, and that it became essential to integrate these tools in the daily medical practice for the great value they add to the current evaluation measures.
The utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis, staging of non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Gamal Gihan Hassan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The non-functional PNETs are often discovered incidentally, they are commonly malignant and commonly present at a late stage with large size. We evaluate in this study the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection and staging of non-functioning PNETs.

Results
Thirty patients with non-functioning PNETs were involved in this prospective study over a period starting from September 2016 to March 2021. Age ranged from 33 to 79 years. 18F-FDG PET/CT detected 26 patients had SUV max ≥ 2.5 of primary lesions and 4 lesions had SUV max < 2.5. There was no statistical significant between the site of the lesions and the type of grading of the tumors. 32 distant metastatic lesions were detected which show SUVmax ≥ 2.5 and only 9%where below 2.5. Of 30 patients, 4 patients (13.3%) of well differentiated tumor had altered their clinical strategies according to the results of PET/CT examinations. 18F-FDG PET/CT upstaged 1 patient with stage IB and 3 patients with IIA and B to stage IV.

Conclusion
The increased use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the investigation of patient with PNETs allows for more accurate staging and therefore more appropriate management decision.
Sustainment of proactive physical therapy for individuals with early-stage Parkinson’s disease: a quality improvement study over 4 years
Authors: MacDonald Jillian , Doyle Laura , Moore Jennifer L. , Rafferty Miriam R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Implementation science frameworks aided the development of a new, evidence-based clinical physical therapy program. The purpose of this report is to describe the process of sustaining a clinical program in practice for over 4 years. We present a framework for integrating tools for sustainability with the Knowledge-to-Action model in the context of a proactive physical therapy (PAPT) program for individuals with early-stage Parkinson’s disease.

Methods
Sustainability of implementation strategies was addressed using the Dynamic Sustainability Framework and sustainability assessment tools. Repeated retrospective medical record reviews and phone interviews were used to evaluate the reach and adoption of the PAPT over 4 years. Characteristics of those who engaged with PAPT, implementation fidelity, and clinical effectiveness were assessed for year 1 and year 3. Sustainability was measured using RE-AIM, NHS Sustainability Model, and Clinical Sustainability Assessment Tool.

Results
Reach increased from 28 to 110 total patients per year and spread occurred from one to three sites. PAPT user age, sex, Hoehn and Yahr rating, time since diagnosis, and type of insurance were similar in year 1 and year 3 (p > 0.05). The program sustained its effect to help participants increase or maintain self-reported exercise (Y1, 95%; Y3, 100%). However, upon evaluation PAPT users in year 3 had longer time since symptom onset and worse UPDRS motor scores compared to the PAPT users in year 1 (p < 0.05). All sites sustained the core intervention components, with sustainability scores of 71/100 (± 9.9) on the NHS Sustainability Model and 6.1/7 (± 0.9) on the Clinical Sustainability Assessment Tool.

Conclusions
Integrating multiple sustainability models and assessments supported continued effectiveness, spread, and sustainment of PAPT for 4 years. Effective planning, anticipating common healthcare changes, and addressing sustainability determinants early in program implementation were essential aspects of long-term success.
Adenoid hypertrophy is a common finding in children with antrochoanal polyp
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Mosaad , Nassar Ahmed , Sabry Omar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Many nasal pathological findings have been described with antrochoanal polyp (ACP). We aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among children presented with ACP and to evaluate the efficacy of concomitant adenoidectomy on the outcome of endoscopic removal of the lesion.

Results
Forty-three children with ACP were included in this study. Preoperative nasal endoscopy and computed tomography were performed for all patients. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with widening the maxillary ostium was used for removal of ACP in all patients. Associated nasal pathology was recorded and managed accordingly. The patients were followed up for at least 3 years postoperatively. Coexistent nasal pathology with ACP was detected in 39 patients (90.7%); adenoid hypertrophy was found to be the commonest concomitant lesion (83.7%). Adenoidectomy was performed during ESS for those who had adenoid hypertrophy. Postoperatively, no patients developed adenoid regrowth; however, recurrence of ACP was detected in five patients (11.6%).

Conclusion
Adenoid hypertrophy is a common pathological finding in children presented with ACP. Endoscopic removal of ACP with concomitant adenoidectomy is an effective procedure and has a favorable outcome.
Controlling the causative agents of coccidiosis in domestic chickens; an eye on the past and considerations for the future
Authors: Attree Elizabeth , Sanchez-Arsuaga Gonzalo , Jones Michelle , Xia Dong , Marugan-Hernandez Virginia , Blake Damer , Tomley Fiona 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoccidiosis is a potentially severe enteritis caused by species of obligate intracellular parasites of the genus Eimeria. These parasites cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry, predominantly due to compromised efficiency of production as well as the cost of control. These losses were recently estimated to cost chicken producers approximately £10.4 billion worldwide annually. High levels of Eimeria infection cause clinical coccidiosis which is a significant threat to poultry welfare, and a pre-disposing contributory factor for necrotic enteritis. Control of Eimeria parasites and coccidiosis is therefore an important endeavour; multiple approaches have been developed and these are often deployed together. This review summarises current trends in strategies for control of Eimeria, focusing on three main areas: good husbandry, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. There is currently no “perfect solution” and there are advantages and limitations to all existing methods. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present current control strategies and suggest how these may develop in the future.