bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Synthesis Strategy for Hollow Metal Oxide Microspheres Enabled by Gel‐Assisted Precipitation
Authors: Luo Jin‐Min , Sun Tian‐Qi , Sun Yong‐Gang , Lv Rong‐Wen , Cao An‐Min , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHollow metal oxide microspheres (HMMs) have drawn enormous attention in different research fields. Reliable and scalable synthetic protocols applicable for a large variety of metal oxides are in emergent demand. Here we demonstrated that polymer hydrogel, such as the resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) one, existed as an efficient synthetic platform to build HMMs. Specifically, the RF gel forms stacked RF microspheres enlaced with its aqueous phase, where the following evaporation of the highly dispersed water leads to a gel‐assisted precipitation (GAP) of the dissolved metal precursor onto the embedded polymeric solids suited for the creation of HMMs. By taking advantage of the structural features of hydrogel, this synthesis design avoids the delicate control on the usually necessitated coating process and provides a simple and effective synthetic process versatile for functional HMMs, particularly Nb2O5 as a high‐performance electrode material in Li‐ion intercalation pseudocapacitor.
A study on the state and parameter cooperative estimation of nonlinear mechanical systems
Authors: Pak Jong Hyok , Choi Kwang Chol , Han Dae Ho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new state and parameter cooperative estimation design method for the nonlinear mechanical systems that can measure the configurations. The paper is based on a preceding state observer that is intrinsic to nonlinear mechanical systems and considers the case where a design parameter differs by some constant error from the real parameter. In the paper, we first confirmed through theory and simulation that the configurations estimated by the observer differ from those of the real dynamics. Then we confirm that modifying the parameter in a direction reducing the difference between the measured and estimated configurations can sufficiently estimate the real parameter, and we derive a parameter estimation equation based on it. Furthermore, we designed a new cooperative estimation method that estimates the system states and a parameter simultaneously in association with each other by adding this estimation equation to an intrinsic observer designed for mechanical systems. Numerical simulations show that it estimates an exact parameter value while ensuring convergence rates as much as the preceding observer.
Developments in Dilatometry for Characterisation of Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Michael Harry , Jervis Rhodri , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of authors from The Electrochemical Innovation Lab at University College London and The Faraday Institution. The cover picture shows how electrochemical dilatometry can inform real world battery applications through the study of electrode expansion characterisation of various battery chemistries. Read the full text of the Review by H. Michael et al.
Factors and methods to modulate DNA hybridization kinetics
Authors: Wong Kingsley L. , Liu Juewen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDNA oligonucleotides are widely used in a diverse range of research fields from analytical chemistry, molecular biology, nanotechnology to drug delivery. In these applications, DNA hybridization is often the most important enabling reaction. Achieving control over hybridization kinetics and a high yield of hybridized products is needed to ensure high‐quality and reproducible results. Since DNA strands are highly negatively charged and can also fold upon itself to form various intramolecular structures, DNA hybridization needs to overcome these barriers. Nucleation and diffusion are two main kinetic limiting steps although their relative importance differs in different conditions. The effects of length and sequence, temperature, pH, salt concentration, cationic polymers, organic solvents, freezing and crowding agents are summarized in the context of overcoming these barriers. This article will help researchers in the biotechnology‐related fields to better understand and control DNA hybridization, as well as provide a landscape for future work in simulation and experiment to optimize DNA hybridization systems.
Challenges and Opportunities for the Encapsulation of Enzymes over Porous Solids for Biodiesel Production and Cellulose Valorization into Glucose
Authors: Cirujano Francisco G. , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferent porous supports of enzyme catalysts are reviewed here for the valorization of biomass and production of biodiesel, given the high yields and mild reaction conditions in the presence of the biocatalysts. Two main types of enzymes have been widely employed for such endeavors, i. e. lipase and cellulase, which are able to produce fatty acid alkyl esters and glucose from fats and cellulose, respectively. Robust and versatile porous silica, carbon, polymers and metal‐organic frameworks are among the most employed supports of the enzymes, via simple adsorption or covalent grafting. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review by comparing the catalytic performance of the enzymes supported over porous solids with respect to the bulk/free enzymes in terms of yields, stability and recycling, highlighting the benefits of the porous support for an optimal biocatalytic performance in the biodiesel production and cellulose valorization into glucose. The final section provides our views for further developments in this field.
Aptamer‐Assisted Bioconjugation of Tyrosine Derivatives with hemin/G‐quadruplex (hGQ) DNAzyme Nucleoapzyme Nanostructures
Authors: Wintermans Sophie , Keijzer Jordi F. , Dros Marte , Zuilhof Han , Albada Bauke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHemin/G‐quadruplex (hGQ) DNAzymes are horseradish peroxidase‐mimicking catalysts capable of the oxidation of a variety of substrates. We now implement aptamer‐functionalized hGQ DNAzymes, also known as nucleoapzymes, to achieve increased bioconjugation of N‐methyl luminol to tyrosine‐containing residues and peptides. We found that the presence of a tyrosinamide‐binding aptamer leads to a 12‐fold increase in the catalytic rate constant (kcat), and the saturation kinetics curves that were obtained provide evidence for the involvement of the substrate binding site in the reaction. The application of the best performing nucleoapzymes for the modification of Tyr‐containing peptides reveals that (i) the aptamer also recognizes the ligand structure when this is embedded in a larger peptide structure, and (ii) distant residues in the peptide substrate can influence the conversion. As such, we show that nucleoapzymes display enzyme‐like features and provide an additional tool in the toolbox of bioconjugation chemistry.
Image Analysis of Flow Maldistribution during Boiling in Parallel Minichannels
Authors: Rafałko Gabriela , Grzybowski Hubert , Dzienis Paweł , Mosdorf Romuald , Adamowicz Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe boiling flow of distilled water with reverse flow in three parallel, rectangular, horizontal minichannels was investigated. The analyzed data was in the form of a set of video frames. An image analysis and statistical analysis of changes of pixel brightness in minichannels was conducted. A self‐organizing process was identified for short slug flow in neighboring minichannels. The identified synchronization process was accompanied by the increase in standard deviation of pixel brightness changes. The process of synchronization was observed for short slugs, but not for long slugs. It can be concluded that the synchronization of heat and mass transfer in minichannels can be achieved when the character of two‐phase flow patterns in each channel is not fully blocking the flow.
Remote triage incorporating symptom‐based risk stratification for suspected head and neck cancer referrals: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: Hardman John C. , Tikka Theofano , Paleri Vinidh ,   ENT UK, BAHNO and INTEGRATE (The UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: August 2021

BackgroundRemote triage for suspected head and neck cancer (HNC) referrals was adopted by many institutions during the initial peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Its safety in this population has not been established.MethodsA 16‐week, prospective, multicenter national service evaluation was started on March 23, 2020. Suspected HNC referrals undergoing remote triage in UK secondary care centers were identified and followed up for a minimum of 6 months to record the cancer status. Triage was supported by risk stratification using a validated calculator.ResultsData for 4568 cases were submitted by 41 centers serving a population of approximately 26 million. These represented 14.1% of the predicted maximum referrals for this population outside of pandemic times, and this gave the study a margin of error of 1.34% at 95% confidence. Completed 6‐month follow‐up data were available for 99.8% with an overall cancer rate of 5.6% (254 of 4557). The rates of triage were as follows: urgent imaging investigation, 25.4% (n = 1156); urgent face‐to‐face review, 27.8%; (n = 1268); assessment deferral, 30.3% (n = 1382); and discharge, 16.4% (n = 749). The corresponding missed cancers rates were 0.5% (5 of 1048), 0.3% (3 of 1149), 0.9% (12 of 1382), and 0.9% (7 of 747; P = .15). The negative predictive value for a nonurgent triage outcome and no cancer diagnosis was 99.1%. Overall harm was reported in 0.24% (11 of 4557) and was highest for deferred assessments (0.58%; 8 of 1382).ConclusionsRemote triage, incorporating risk stratification, may facilitate targeted investigations for higher risk patients and prevent unnecessary hospital attendance for lower risk patients. The risk of harm is low and may be reduced further with appropriate safety netting of deferred appointments.Lay Summary

This large national study observed the widespread adoption of telephone assessment (supported by a risk calculator) of patients referred to hospital specialists with suspected head and neck cancer during the initial peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

The authors identified 4568 patients from 41 UK centers (serving a population of more than 26 million people) who were followed up for a minimum of 6 months.

Late cancers were identified, whether reviewed or investigated urgently (0.4%) or nonurgently (0.9%), but the overall rate of harm was low (0.2%), with the highest rate being seen with deferred appointments (0.6%).
Microneedle Patch Prepared from a Hydrogel by a Mild Method for Insulin Delivery
Authors: Chen Xiang , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Shen Di , ul Amin Bilal , Feng Jingyi , Zhang Qian , Xiong Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost reported microneedle patches still suffer from a complicated preparation process and insufficient loading capacity for the glucose‐responsive delivery system. Herein, based on the reversibility of the boronate ester bond, a novel gel was formed by mixing phenylboronic acid grafted sodium hyaluronate and polyvinyl alcohol. The insulin‐loaded microneedle patch could be directly obtained by simply blending high‐dose insulin and gel into the mold. The introduction of cellulose nanofiber was also found to be in favor of mechanical strength. The glucose responsibility could be achieved when the boronate ester bond was broken by glucose, leading to the change of crosslinking density and further controlling insulin release. In the hypoglycemic experiment of diabetic rats, the microneedle patches could effectively puncture the skin and maintain normal blood glucose levels for an extended period. The facile preparation process and high loading capacity give this microneedle patch a great chance in mass production.
The risks associated with the widespread use of telemedicine in oncology: Four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Panet François , Tétreault‐Langlois Marianne , Morin Vincent , Sultanem Khalil , Melnychuk David , Panasci Lawrence 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 changed the way we practice oncology in multiple ways. Because most cancer patients are comorbid or immunocompromised, we are trying as much as possible to reduce their risk of infection. Marginal just 2 years ago, telemedicine quickly became preeminent with the pandemic to reduce hospital exposure. However, using only virtual visits in oncology patients risk delaying cancer diagnosis or the identification of a complication.Case seriesWe present here four cases where a serious medical problem evident on physical exam was overlooked during a virtual visit. Two of our patients experienced a delay in cancer diagnosis thus putting them at risk of local or distant spread. The two others were established oncology patients where a serious medical complication was missed on a virtual visit.ConclusionsNow more than a year into the pandemic, telemedicine has clearly been a useful tool by limiting unnecessary hospital visits. Yet, as our cases illustrate, its use in oncology without clear boundary can undermine the quality of care. Now that effective vaccines are reducing the transmission and the severity of infection, most oncology patients can be evaluated by a real‐time visit.
Interplay of Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding through Co–Crystallization in Pharmacologically Active Dihydropyrimidines: Insights from Crystal Structure and Energy Framework
Authors: Bairagi Keshab M. , Ingle Kapil S. , Bhowal Rohit , Mohurle Smital A. , Hasija Avantika , Alwassil Osama I. , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Chopra Deepak , Nayak Susanta K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA solvent‐assisted grinding method has been used to prepare co‐crystals in substituted dihydropyrimidines (DHPM) that constitutes pharmacologically active compounds. These were characterized using FT‐IR, PXRD, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In order to explore the possibility of formation of halogen (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) synthons in the solid state, co‐crystallization attempts of differently substituted DHPM molecules, containing nitro, hydoxy, and chloro substituents, with different co‐formers, such as 1,4‐diiodo tetrafluorobenzene (1,4 DITFB) and 3‐nitrobenzoic acid (3 NBA) were performed. The XB co‐crystals (C2aXB, C2bXB, and C2cXB) prefer the formation of C−I⋅⋅⋅O/C−I⋅⋅⋅S XB synthon, whereas the HB co‐crystal (C2dHB) is stabilized by N−H⋅⋅⋅O H‐bond formation. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that the percentage contribution of intermolecular interactions for XB co‐crystals prefer equal contribution of XB synthon along with HB synthon. Furthermore, the interaction energy was analyzed using energy frameworks, which suggests that their stability, a combination of electrostatics and dispersion, is enhanced through XB/HB in comparison to the parent DHPMs.
A Flexible Synthetic Approach to Fluorescent Chromeno[4,3‐b]pyridines and Pyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes from Electron‐Deficient 3‐Vinylchromones
Authors: Chernov Nikita M. , Shutov Roman V. , Sipkina Nadezhda Yu. , Krivchun Maxim N. , Yakovlev Igor P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report a flexible approach to the synthesis of phenanthrene‐like heterocycles through organocatalytic ANRORC (Addition of the Nucleophile, Ring Opening, and Ring Closure) reaction of electron‐deficient 3‐vinylchromones with cyanoacetamide. Addition of highly basic DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) or tetramethylguanidine (TMG) at 80 °C leads to chromeno[4,3‐b]pyridines in good yields, whereas Et3N at 20 °C made it possible to obtain the less accessible pyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes and their 2‐imines. The synthesis proceeds in mild conditions (EtOH, 20–80 °C), is versatile and applicable for a wide scope of reactants. The obtained compounds show bright fluorescence in the range 460–595 nm with high quantum yields (up to 0.84) in various solvents (MeCN, DMSO, EtOH, H2O).
A critical review of cognitive behavioural therapy for hoarding disorder: How can we improve outcomes?
Authors: David Jonathan , Crone Cassandra , Norberg Melissa M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPsychological treatment for hoarding problems has historically been associated with poor outcomes. When treated as a subgroup of obsessive–compulsive disorder, individuals with hoarding beliefs were less likely to respond to treatment than individuals exhibiting other obsessive–compulsive beliefs and behaviours. When treated as its own disorder using cognitive behavioural therapy, individuals report approximately 25% improvement in symptoms on average. However, less than a third of people experience clinically meaningful change. Further, changes in functioning and quality of life are not routinely assessed. In this paper, we review the current conceptualization and treatment of hoarding problems to shed light on how treatment for hoarding disorder may be improved. Utilizing a harm reduction approach before administering treatment may be important to ensure the safety of individuals. Research should test whether treatment outcomes improve by including strategies that enhance a client's interpersonal functioning and ability to regulate emotions (i.e., based on dialectal behaviour therapy and mentalization‐based treatments), especially while discarding and organizing belongings. We should also use modern learning theory to improve the delivery of exposure activities.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Conditions: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Pu Zonghua , Liu Tingting , Zhang Gaixia , Ranganathan Hariprasad , Chen Zhangxing , Sun Shuhui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half‐cell reaction in many renewable energy conversion and storage technologies, including electrolyzers, nitrogen fixation, CO2 reduction, metal‐air batteries, and regenerative fuel cells. Among them, proton exchange membrane (PEM)‐based devices exhibit a series of advantages, such as excellent proton conductivity, high durability, and good mechanical strength, and have attracted global interest as a green energy device for transport and stationary sectors. Nevertheless, with a view to rapid commercialization, it is urgent to develop highly active and acid‐stable OER catalysts for PEM‐based devices. In this Review, based on the recent advances in theoretical calculation and in situ/operando characterization, the OER mechanism in acidic conditions is first discussed in detail. Subsequently, recent advances in the development of several types of acid‐stable OER catalysts, including noble metals, non‐noble metals, and even metal‐free OER materials, are systematically summarized. Finally, the current key issues and future challenges for materials used as acidic OER catalysis are identified and potential future directions are proposed.
Cytologic features of hepatic YAP1‐TFE3 rearranged epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Bourgeau Melanie , Martinez Anthony , Deeb Kristin K. , Reid Michelle D. , Lewis Melinda , Point du Jour Kimberly S. , Lai Jinping , Shi Qiuying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy, often with indolent behavior. Though most cases have a characteristic WWTR1‐CAMTA1 gene fusion, a subtype of EHE with YAP1‐TFE3 fusions and a distinct morphology has recently been described histologically, but no cases of YAP1‐TFE3 EHE have been described in the cytology literature. We herein report on a case of YAP1‐TFE3 fusion associated EHE diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration and core biopsy of a liver mass in an 18‐year‐old male patient who presented with synchronous lung and liver involvement. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of EHE on cytology specimens.
Ketotifen is a Prodrug. Norketotifen is the active metabolite.
Authors: Aberg Axel Karl Gunnar , Arulnesan Nada , Bolger Gordon T. , Ciofalo Vincent B. , Pucaj Kresimir , Walle Kristina , Walle Thomas 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTEvaluation of the in vitro human liver microsome and hepatocyte metabolism of ketotifen demonstrated that norketotifen (NK) is the major demethylated hepatic metabolite of ketotifen. It is here reported that NK is completely devoid of the severe and dose‐limiting sedative effects of ketotifen. Thus, while ketotifen is clinically dose‐limited to 1 mg, bid, there are no dose‐limiting sedative effects elicited by NK, even after the highest single‐dose (16 mg) or after repeat‐doses (8 mg × 7 days) in humans or after the highest doses given to dogs in repeat‐dose toxicological studies (40 mg/kg × 14 days). In addition, NK—but not ketotifen—was found to express potent and dose‐dependent inhibition of the release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNFα from activated human buffy coat preparations. Thus, when used as an anti‐inflammatory drug, ketotifen is the sedating prodrug which is converted to NK a nonsedating metabolite with anti‐inflammatory activity.
The Slit‐binding Ig1 domain is required for multiple axon guidance activities of Drosophila Robo2
Authors: Howard LaFreda J. , Reichert Marie C. , Evans Timothy A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryDrosophila Robo2 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance receptors. Robo receptors signal midline repulsion in response to Slit ligands, which bind to the N‐terminal Ig1 domain in most family members. In the Drosophila embryonic ventral nerve cord, Robo1 and Robo2 signal Slit‐dependent midline repulsion, while Robo2 also regulates the medial‐lateral position of longitudinal axon pathways and acts non‐autonomously to promote midline crossing of commissural axons. While Robo2 signals midline repulsion in response to Slit, it is less clear whether Robo2's other activities are also Slit‐dependent. To determine which of Robo2's axon guidance roles depend on its Slit‐binding Ig1 domain, we used a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐based strategy to replace the endogenous robo2 gene with a robo2 variant lacking the Ig1 domain (robo2∆Ig1). We compare the expression and localization of Robo2∆Ig1 protein with full‐length Robo2 in embryonic neurons in vivo and examine its ability to substitute for Robo2 to mediate midline repulsion and lateral axon pathway formation. We find that the removal of the Ig1 domain from Robo2∆Ig1 disrupts both of these axon guidance activities. In addition, we find that the Ig1 domain of Robo2 is required for its proper subcellular localization in embryonic neurons, a role that is not shared by the Ig1 domain of Robo1. Finally, we report that although FasII‐positive lateral axons are misguided in embryos expressing Robo2∆Ig1, the axons that normally express Robo2 are correctly guided to the lateral zone, suggesting that Robo2 may guide lateral longitudinal axons through a cell non‐autonomous mechanism.