bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High 1-year risk of stroke in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide registry-based cohort study
Authors: Hsu Jin-Yi , Liu Peter Pin-Sung , Liu An-Bang , Huang Huei-Kai , Loh Ching-Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) might be more vulnerable to develop stroke than other cancer patients because of HCC-associated coagulation dysfunction. However, limited studies have investigated the relationship between HCC and stroke. This nationwide population-based cohort study enrolled all patients with HCC diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database; an age- and sex-matched cohort without cancer was included. The primary outcome was the 1-year risk for first-ever stroke after the index date. The Fine and Gray competing risk regression model was used to estimate the 1-year stroke risk with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). After propensity score matching, each cohort has 18,506 patients with similar baseline characteristics. Compared with the cancer-free cohort, the aHRs in the HCC cohort for overall, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes were 1.59 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–1.88], 1.38 [95% CI, 1.15–1.65], and 2.62 [95% CI, 1.79–3.84], respectively. On subgroup analysis, HCC patients without cirrhosis, those with stage 3 or 4 cancer had a higher stroke risk than cancer-free cohort. Therefore, stroke prevention should be considered in patients with HCC, especially in those without cirrhosis and with stage 3 or 4 cancer.
Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Fu-An , Shih Ya-Chu , Hong Jia-Pei , Wu Chin-Wen , Liao Chun-De , Chen Hung-Chou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) refers to the symptoms and signs caused by the compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. It can be treated by corticosteroid injection into the carpal tunnel. Two methods for injection have been employed, namely ultrasound-guided and landmark-guided injection. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare these methods in terms of several outcomes. A search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases was performed from the date of their inception to October 7, 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results for continuous variables are expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The analysis included eight RCTs published between 2013 and 2019 with a total of 448 patients. Ultrasound-guided injection yielded more favorable results than landmark-guided injection for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire, Symptom Severity Scale [SMD =  − 0.43, 95% CI (− 0.68, − 0.19), P = 0.0005] and Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire, Functional Status Scale [SMD =  − 0.50, 95% CI (− 0.84, − 0.15), P = 0.005]. Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection is recommended for patients with CTS.
Intranasal immunization with inactivated chlamydial elementary bodies formulated in VCG-chitosan nanoparticles induces robust immunity against intranasal Chlamydia psittaci challenge
Authors: Zuo Zonghui , Zou Yongjuan , Li Qiang , Guo Yongxia , Zhang Tianyuan , Wu Jie , He Cheng , Eko Francis O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVaccines based on live attenuated Chlamydia elementary bodies (EBs) can cause disease in vaccinated animals and the comparably safer inactivated whole EBs are only marginally protective. Recent studies show that a vaccine formulation comprising UV-inactivated EBs (EB) and appropriate mucosal delivery systems and/or adjuvants induced significant protective immunity. We tested the hypothesis that intranasal delivery of UV-inactivated C. psittaci EB formulated in Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG)-chitosan nanoparticles will induce protective immunity against intranasal challenge in SPF chickens. We first compared the impact of VCG and CpG adjuvants on protective immunity following IN mucosal and IM systemic delivery of EB formulated in chitosan hydrogel/microspheres. Immunologic analysis revealed that IN immunization in the presence of VCG induced higher levels of IFN-γ response than IM delivery or the CpG adjuvanted groups. Also, vaccine efficacy evaluation showed enhanced pharyngeal bacterial clearance and protection against lung lesions with the VCG adjuvanted vaccine formulation, thereby establishing the superior adjuvanticity of VCG over CpG. We next evaluated the impact of different concentrations of VCG on protective immunity following IN mucosal immunization. Interestingly, the adjuvanticity of VCG was concentration-dependent, since protective immunity induced following IN mucosal immunization showed dose-dependent immune responses and protection. These studies reveal that formulation of inactivated chlamydial antigens with adjuvants, such as VCG and chitosan increases their ability to induce protective immune responses against challenge.
Influence of precipitation and temperature on maize production in the Czech Republic from 2002 to 2019
Authors: Maitah Mansoor , Malec Karel , Maitah Kamil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaize is one of the important food crops in the Czech Republic, its growth and productivity are influenced by climate change. This study investigated the influence of precipitation under recent climate change on maize yield both for grain and silage in the whole Czech Republic during 2002–2019. Total maize yield and yield rate increased in the Czech Republic from 1961 to 2010, but they became to decrease after 2010. This is in line with the tendency of decreased precipitation and an increase in temperature after 2010, and changes are especially significant during the maize growing period, which indicates the importance of temperature and precipitation. In detail, there is a low to moderate negative correlation (−0.39 to −0.51) between grain maize yield and the average temperature in August for almost all the regions. While there is a low negative correlation between silage maize yield with the average temperature in July and August from some regions. The precipitation in July exhibited moderate to high positive correlation (0.54–0.79) to grain maize yield rate for almost all the regions, and it had low to moderate positive correlation (0.35–0.70) to silage maize yield rate for all the regions. Water deficit exhibited a negative correlation with both maize yield rate and its influence mainly in July for silage but both in July and August for grain. Farmer’s profit from grain maize is influence by yield rate, temperature, precipitation, and water deficit. A positive correlation was found between profit and grain yield rate and precipitation from July and August, while a negative correlation was detected between profit and water deficit and the average temperature in July and August. In conclusion, our results pointed out the factors influencing maize yield rate under changing climate conditions in the Czech Republic, and it warrants further studies on how to maintain maize production in a changing climate.
Predisposing conditions for condylar sag after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy
Authors: Rokutanda Satoshi , Yamada Shin-Ichi , Yanamoto Souichi , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Omori Keisuke , Rokutanda Hiromi , Yoshimi Tomoko , Fujishita Ayumi , Morita Yukiko , Yoshida Noriaki , Umeda Masahiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) is used to treat mandibular prognathism and temporomandibular disorders. However, the improvement of temporomandibular disorders after IVRO is considered to be due to the anterior and downward movement of the mandibular condyle, which may lead to condylar sag, and in the worst case, condylar luxation. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined factors potentially associated with condylar sag. Univariate analysis indicated that condylar sag was significantly associated with the following factors: magnitude of setback (P = 0.001), less than 3 mm setback (P < 0.001), presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms (P = 0.002), Wilkes classification (P = 0.039), occlusal cant correction ≥ 2 mm (P = 0.018), and mandibular condyle deformation (P < 0.001). Setback magnitude (P = 0.032) and TMJ symptoms (P = 0.007) remained significant in the multivariate analysis. In the receiver operating characteristic curve, the setback magnitude cut-off value for condylar sag after IVRO was 3.25 mm. Thus, the incidence of condylar sag after IVRO is increased with a smaller setback magnitude (≤ 3.25 mm) and the presence of TMJ symptoms. These factors should be evaluated by surgeons during treatment planning for IVRO to estimate condylar sag, and it may be possible to predict the risk of condylar luxation.
2D boron nitride nanosheets for polymer composite materials
Authors: Rasul Md Golam , Kiziltas Alper , Arfaei Babak , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are promising two-dimensional materials to boost the mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Yet, BNNS-polymer composites face many challenges to meet the desired properties owing to agglomeration of BNNSs, incompatibility, and weak interactions of BNNSs with the host polymers. This work systematically reviews the fundamental parameters that control the molecular interactions of BNNSs with polymer matrices. The surface modification of BNNSs, as well as size, dispersion, and alignment of these nanosheets have a profound effect on polymer chain dynamics, mass barrier properties, and stress-transfer efficiency of the nanocomposites.
VEXAS: VISTA EXtension to Auxiliary Surveys
Authors: Khramtsov V. , Spiniello C. , Agnello A. , Sergeyev A. 
Published: May 2021

Context.We present the second public data release of the VISTA EXtension to Auxiliary Surveys (VEXAS), where we classify objects into stars, galaxies, and quasars based on an ensemble of machine learning algorithms.Aims.The aim of VEXAS is to build the widest multi-wavelength catalogue, providing reference magnitudes, colours, and morphological information for a large number of scientific uses.Methods.We applied an ensemble of thirty-two different machine learning models, based on three different algorithms and on different magnitude sets, training samples, and classification problems (two or three classes) on the three VEXAS Data Release 1 (DR1) optical and infrared (IR) tables. The tables were created in DR1 cross-matching VISTA near-infrared data with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer far-infrared data and with optical magnitudes from the Dark Energy Survey (VEXAS-DESW), the Sky Mapper Survey (VEXAS-SMW), and the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System Survey (VEXAS-PSW). We assembled a large table of spectroscopically confirmed objects (VEXAS-SPEC-GOOD, 415 628 unique objects), based on the combination of six different spectroscopic surveys that we used for training. We developed feature imputation to also classify objects for which magnitudes in one or more bands are missing.Results.We classify in total ≈90 × 106objects in the Southern Hemisphere. Among these, ≈62.9 × 106(≈52.6 × 106) are classified as ‘high confidence’ (‘secure’) stars, ≈920 000 (≈750 000) as ‘high confidence’ (‘secure’) quasars, and ≈34.8 (≈34.1) million as ‘high confidence’ (‘secure’) galaxies, withpclass ≥ 0.7 (pclass ≥ 0.9). The DR2 tables update the DR1 with the addition of imputed magnitudes and membership probabilities to each of the three classes.Conclusions.The density of high-confidence extragalactic objects varies strongly with the survey depth: atpclass > 0.7, there are 11 deg−2quasars in the VEXAS-DESW footprint and 103 deg−2in the VEXAS-PSW footprint, while only 10.7 deg−2in the VEXAS-SM footprint. Improved depth in the mid-infrared and coverage in the optical and near-infrared are needed for the SM footprint that is not already covered by DESW and PSW.
Parsec-scale alignments of radio-optical offsets with jets in AGNs from multifrequency geodetic VLBI, Gaia EDR3, and the MOJAVE program
Authors: Lambert S. , Liu N. , Arias E. F. , Barache C. , Souchay J. , Taris F. , Liu J. C. , Zhu Z. 
Published: May 2021

Aims. We aim to study the relative positions of quasar emission centers at different wavelengths in order to help link the various realizations of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), and to unveil systematic uncertainties and individual source behavior at different wavelengths.
Methods. We based our study on four catalogs representing the ICRS, the ICRF3 positions in the three VLBI bands X, K, and Ka, and the Gaia EDR3 catalog in optical wavelengths. We complemented radio source positions with jet kinematics results from the MOJAVE team, allowing us to obtain jet directions on the sky. A six-parameter deformation model was used to remove systematic uncertainties present in the different catalogs.
Results. For a set of 194 objects common to the four catalogs and to the objects whose jet kinematics was studied by the MOJAVE team, we computed the orientation between positions at the different wavelengths and with respect to the directions of the jets. We find that the majority of these objects have their radio-to-optical vector along the jet, with the optical centroid downstream from the radio centroids, and that the K and Ka centroids are preferably upstream in the jet with respect to the X centroid, which is consistent with the paradigm of a simple core–jet model. For a population of multiwavelength positions aligned along the jet, astrometric information can therefore be used to measure the direction of the jet independently of imaging. In addition, we find several sources for which the optical centroid coincides with stationary radio features with a relatively high fraction of polarization, indicating optical emission dominated by a synchrotron process in the jet.
Neue Krankheit – alte Methode?
Authors: Zauner Bernhard 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der konventionellen Medizin gibt es bis heute weder eine kausale Therapie noch klare Behandlungsrichtlinien für Corona-Patienten. Nicht nur deshalb bietet sich die Homöopathie als symptomenbezogene Therapie für die Behandlung dieses Erkrankungsbildes an, vor allem für Patienten, die keine stationäre Behandlung benötigen. Anhand von Akutfällen, bearbeitet mit dem Symptomenlexikon und einer Analyse mit den MONARCH-Kriterien werden die Möglichkeiten bei dieser aktuellen und ständig präsenten Erkrankung gezeigt.
Covid-19: eine Herausforderung und eine Chance
Authors: Takacs Michael 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Artikel werden die Erfahrungen des Autors in der homöopathischen Begleitbehandlung von Covid-19-Patienten an einem Bezirkskrankenhaus in Österreich sowie auch in der Praxis dargestellt und anhand einiger Fallbeispiele veranschaulicht.
Prophylactic Use of Natural Products against Developmentally Programmed Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Kasimu Ghandi , Adeshina Kehinde Ahmad , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Malami Ibrahim , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Abubakar Murtala Bello , Imam Mustapha Umar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParental dietary choices and/or nutritional interventions in the offspring are critical to early life development, especially during the periods of active developmental plasticity in the offspring. Exposure to a high-fructose, high-fat diet during the fetal or neonatal period predisposes the affected individuals to the development of one or more features of metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and associated cardiovascular diseases, later in their life. Owing to the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome and multiple side effects that accompany conventional medicines, much attention is directed towards medicinal plants and phytochemicals as alternative interventions. Several studies have investigated the potential of natural agents to prevent programmed metabolic syndrome. This present review, therefore, highlights an inextricable relationship between the administration of medicinal plants or phytochemicals during the intrauterine or neonatal period, and the prevention of metabolic dysfunction in adulthood, while exploring the mechanisms by which they exert such an effect. The review also identifies plant products as a novel approach to the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
Precision Medicine for Obesity
Authors: Cifuentes Lizeth , Hurtado A Maria Daniela , Eckel-Passow Jeanette , Acosta Andres 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObesity is a multifactorial disease with a variable and underwhelming weight loss response to current treatment approaches. Precision medicine proposes a new paradigm to improve disease classification based on the premise of human heterogeneity, with the ultimate goal of maximizing treatment effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Recent advances in high-throughput biochemical assays have contributed to the partial characterization of obesity's pathophysiology, as well as to the understanding of the role that intrinsic and environmental factors, and their interaction, play in its development and progression. These data have led to the development of biological markers that either are being or will be incorporated into strategies to develop personalized lines of treatment for obesity. There are currently many ongoing initiatives aimed at this; however, much needs to be resolved before precision obesity medicine becomes common practice. This review aims to provide a perspective on the currently available data of high-throughput technologies to treat obesity.
Combination Therapies of Radioembolization and Systemic Agents for Primary and Secondary Liver Tumors
Authors: Hickey Ryan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review provides an overview of studies in which radioembolization was combined with systemic agent(s). Several reports in the literature provide retrospective evaluation of the use of concomitant radioembolization with systemic agents; however, in an effort to limit the scope of this review to the highest levels of evidence available, the studies discussed are restricted to prospective phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of combination therapy.
Health Literacy and Web-Based Audiovisual Multimedia in Pituitary and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Biggs Philip C. , Hagwood Garrett , Beliveau Angela M. , Shahlaie Kiarash , Strong E. B. , Steele Toby O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction The internet presents a rich milieu of multimedia options relating to pituitary and endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS). Misinformation can create discordance between patient and provider expectations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the understandability and actionability of available ESBS and pituitary surgery audiovisual information on YouTube and Google.
Methods The top 50 videos generated by searching “pituitary surgery/transsphenoidal surgery” and “endoscopic skull base surgery” in both YouTube and Google were sorted by relevance. Two independent reviewers evaluated each for understandability and actionability based on the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for audiovisual material (PEMAT-A/V). Source, authorship, audience, and education/advertisement variables were collected. Chi-square test followed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses assessed the association between these variables and quality.
Results A total of 85 videos (52 YouTube and 33 Google) met inclusion criteria for analysis. There was no significant difference in the presence of the aforementioned variables between YouTube and Google (p < 0.05). Also, 72% of videos targeted patients and 28% targeted surgeons. Academic institutions uploaded 58% of videos. Surgeon-targeted videos were more educational (p = 0.01) and patient-targeted videos involved more advertisement (p = 0.01). Understandability and actionability scores were below the 70% threshold for both YouTube (65 ± 15, 38 ± 33, p = 0.65) and Google (66 ± 12, 38 ± 26, p = 0.94). Patient-targeted videos (p = 0.002) were more understandable, while surgeon- (p < 0.001) and education-focused videos (p < 0.001) were more actionable.
Conclusion Understandability and actionability of YouTube and Google audiovisual patient information on ESBS and pituitary surgery is poor. Consideration should be given to the formation of a standardized patient information resource.
Transcavernous Approach for Gross Total Resection of a Dumbbell-Shaped Giant Trigeminal Schwannoma
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Avci Emel , Ozaydin Burak , Başkaya Mustafa K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrigeminal schwannomas are rare nerve sheet tumors that represent the second most common intracranial site of occurrence after vestibular nerve origins. Microsurgical resection of giant dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannomas often requires complex skull base approaches. The extradural transcavernous approach is effective for the resection of these giant tumors involving the cavernous sinus.The patient is a 72-year-old man with headache, dizziness, imbalance, and cognitive decline. Neurological examination revealed left-sided sixth nerve palsy, a diminished corneal reflex, and wasting of temporalis muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a giant homogeneously enhancing dumbbell-shaped extra-axial mass centered within the left cavernous sinus, Meckel's cave, and the petrous apex, with extension to the cerebellopontine angle. There was a significant mass effect on the brain stem causing hydrocephalus. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed erosion of the petrous apex resulting in partial anterior autopetrosectomy (Figs. 1 and 2).The decision was made to proceed with tumor resection using a transcavernous approach. Gross total resection was achieved. The surgery and postoperative course were uneventful, and the patient woke up the same as in the preoperative period. MRI confirmed gross total resection of the tumor. The histopathology was a trigeminal schwannoma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. The patient continues to do well without any recurrence at 15-month follow-up.This video demonstrates important steps of the microsurgical skull base techniques for resection of these challenging tumors.The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/TMK5363836M
Study of corrective abrasive finishing for plane surfaces using magnetic abrasive finishing processes
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Zou Yanhua 
Published: May 2021

On the basis of ordinary plane magnetic abrasive finishing, a finishing method is proposed that can improve the flatness of a plane workpiece. In this method, the feed speed is varied during finishing according to the profile curve of the initial surface and the material removal efficiency, to control the effective finishing time in different areas and thereby improve the surface flatness. A small magnetic pole with an end face diameter of 1 mm is designed, and a ferromagnetic plate is placed under the workpiece to improve the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution near the magnetic pole. An experiment on an A5052 aluminum alloy plate workpiece shows that after 60 min of finishing using the proposed method, the extreme difference of the workpiece surface can be reduced from 14.317 μm to 2.18 μm, and the standard deviation can be reduced from 3.322 μm to 0.417 μm. At the same time, according to the measurement results, a similar flatness can be achieved at different positions on the finishing area. Thus, the proposed variable-speed finishing method leads to obvious improvements in flatness.