bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Tarsometatarsal Joint Loading After Sequential Correction of Hallux Valgus Using a Proximal Opening Wedge Metatarsal Osteotomy and Distal Soft Tissue Procedure
Authors: Kraus Jonathan , Ziegele Michael J. , Wang Mei , Law Brian 
Published: July 2021

Background: The proximal opening wedge osteotomy (POWO) of the first metatarsal (TMT-1) is commonly performed in the operative treatment of hallux valgus. Limited work has been dedicated to study POWO’s effect on the TMT-1 joint, however. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in TMT-1 joint contact stress following POWO of the first metatarsal. Methods: Five fresh-frozen cadaveric below-knee specimens (mean age: 73 years) with hallux valgus deformities (mean hallux valgus angle [HVA]: 37.4 ± 8.5 degrees) were studied. The specimens were loaded to 400 N on an MTS servohydraulic load frame. Joint contact characteristics at TMT-1 joint were measured with a Tekscan pressure sensor (Model 6900, 1100 psi; Tekscan Inc, Boston, MA) with various opening wedge sizes of 3, 5, and 7 mm both without and with a distal soft tissue release (DSTR). The contact force, area, and peak contact stress were compared among groups using analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparisons over the untreated (Dunnett test, P < .05). Results: The mean contact force was 47.7 ± 33.5 N for untreated specimens. This increased sequentially with opening wedge size and reached statistical significance for 7-mm opening wedge (129.7 ± 62.3 N, P = .01) and 7-mm wedge + DSTR (134.8 ± 60.5 N, P = .008). The mean peak contact stress was 2.8 ± 1.3 MPa for the untreated specimens and increased incrementally with wedge size to 5.7 ± 3.0 MPa for 7-mm wedge only ( P = .03) and 5.6 ± 2.5 MPa for 7-mm wedge + DSTR ( P = .05). The contact area increased with corrections, but none reached significance. Conclusion: With increasing opening wedge size, loading of the TMT-1 joint increases. Joint stresses higher than 4.7 MPa have been shown to be chondrotoxic, potentially predisposing patients to arthritic joint changes following POWO. Level of Evidence: XXXXXX
From sustainable development to social-ecological justice: Addressing taboos and naturalizations in order to shift perspective
Authors: Grossmann Katrin , Connolly James JT , Dereniowska Małgorzata , Mattioli Giulio , Nitschke Luca , Thomas Nicola , Varo Anaïs 
Published: July 2021

While sustainability was introduced as a game-changing idea, it has often been criticized for its vagueness and its over-accommodating bent toward powerful, vested interests, economic growth, and profit seeking—or, on the contrary, for not being able to enter mainstream politics. As a result, in the current political climate, sustainability policies seem to be everywhere, but so does the social and ecological critique of these policies.In this article, we articulate the seeds of an emerging cross-sectoral shift away from sustainability and toward social-ecological justice. Coming from a multidisciplinary background, we explore commonalities in the shortcomings of sustainability agendas and identify discursive barriers to change across three critical fields: transport, energy, and urban greening. Within each of these fields, we observe an upswing of scholarly work addressing the pitfalls and trade-offs of sustainability, but we also show how taboos and naturalizations embedded in these fields hinder adequately questioning the economy’s role in sustainability thinking and action.To develop our argument that there is an emerging cross-sectoral push away from sustainability agendas and toward social-ecological justice goals, we briefly examine the current state of the wider sustainability discourse together with its critique from a social and ecological justice angle. We then review relevant academic work across the applied fields of transport, energy, and urban greening, focusing on the normative and analytical aspects dealt with, and how they address and conceptualize tensions between the different dimensions of sustainability. In the concluding section, we highlight how a focus on sectoral and local tensions between ecological, economic, and social policy goals uncovers the ways in which injustices or environmental degradation are continually reproduced, despite the sustainability framework. We conclude with suggestions for thinking and acting under the umbrella of social-ecological justice.
RPS15 mutations rewire RNA translation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ntoufa Stavroula , Gerousi Marina , Laidou Stamatia , Psomopoulos Fotis , Tsiolas Georgios , Moysiadis Theodoros , Papakonstantinou Nikos , Mansouri Larry , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Stavrogianni Niki , Pospisilova Sarka , Plevova Karla , Makris Antonios M. , Rosenquist Richard , Stamatopoulos Kostas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have reported recurrent mutations in the RPS15 gene, which encodes the ribosomal protein S15 (RPS15), a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Despite some evidence about the role of mutant RPS15 (mostly obtained from the analysis of cell lines), the precise impact of RPS15 mutations on the translational program in primary CLL cells remains largely unexplored. Here, using RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling, a technique that involves measuring translational efficiency, we sought to obtain global insight into changes in translation induced by RPS15 mutations in CLL cells. To this end, we evaluated primary CLL cells from patients with wild-type or mutant RPS15 as well as MEC1 CLL cells transfected with mutant or wild-type RPS15. Our data indicate that RPS15 mutations rewire the translation program of primary CLL cells by reducing their translational efficiency, an effect not seen in MEC1 cells. In detail, RPS15 mutant primary CLL cells displayed altered translation efficiency of other ribosomal proteins and regulatory elements that affect key cell processes, such as the translational machinery and immune signaling, as well as genes known to be implicated in CLL, hence highlighting a relevant role for RPS15 in the natural history of CLL.
Practical Options for Adopting Recurrent Neural Network and Its Variants on Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Wang Youdao , Zhao Yifan , Addepalli Sri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe remaining useful life (RUL) of a system is generally predicted by utilising the data collected from the sensors that continuously monitor different indicators. Recently, different deep learning (DL) techniques have been used for RUL prediction and achieved great success. Because the data is often time-sequential, recurrent neural network (RNN) has attracted significant interests due to its efficiency in dealing with such data. This paper systematically reviews RNN and its variants for RUL prediction, with a specific focus on understanding how different components (e.g., types of optimisers and activation functions) or parameters (e.g., sequence length, neuron quantities) affect their performance. After that, a case study using the well-studied NASA’s C-MAPSS dataset is presented to quantitatively evaluate the influence of various state-of-the-art RNN structures on the RUL prediction performance. The result suggests that the variant methods usually perform better than the original RNN, and among which, Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory generally has the best performance in terms of stability, precision and accuracy. Certain model structures may fail to produce valid RUL prediction result due to the gradient vanishing or gradient exploring problem if the parameters are not chosen appropriately. It is concluded that parameter tuning is a crucial step to achieve optimal prediction performance .
Genome-wide characterization of MATE gene family and expression profiles in response to abiotic stresses in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Du Zhixuan , Su Qitao , Wu Zheng , Huang Zhou , Bao Jianzhong , Li Jianbin , Tu Hang , Zeng Chuihai , Fu Junru , He Haohua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins are involved in many physiological functions of plant growth and development. Although an increasing number of MATE proteins have been identified, the understanding of MATE proteins is still very limited in rice. In this study, 46 MATE proteins were identified from the rice (Oryza sativa) genome by homology searches and domain prediction. The rice MATE family was divided into four subfamilies based on the phylogenetic tree. Tandem repeats and fragment replication contribute to the expansion of the rice MATE gene family. Gene structure and cis-regulatory elements reveal the potential functions of MATE genes. Analysis of gene expression showed that most of MATE genes were constitutively expressed and the expression patterns of genes in different tissues were analyzed using RNA-seq. Furthermore, qRT-PCR-based analysis showed differential expression patterns in response to salt and drought stress. The analysis results of this study provide comprehensive information on the MATE gene family in rice and will aid in understanding the functional divergence of MATE genes.
Reproductive development and genetic structure of the mycoheterotrophic orchid Pogoniopsis schenckii Cogn.
Authors: Alves Mariana Ferreira , Pinheiro Fabio , Nunes Carlos Eduardo Pereira , Prosdocimi Francisco , Sarzi Deise Schroder , Furtado Carolina , Mayer Juliana Lischka Sampaio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPogoniopsis schenckiiCogn. is a mycoheterotrophic orchid that can be used as a model to understand the influence of mycoheterotrophy at different stages of the reproductive cycle. We aimed to verify the presence of endophytic and epiphytic fungi at each stage of the reproductive process and investigated how the breeding system may relate to genetic structure and diversity of populations. In this study we performed anatomical and ultrastructural analyses of the reproductive organs, field tests to confirm the breeding system, and molecular analysis to assess genetic diversity and structure of populations.ResultsDuring the development of the pollen grain, embryo sac and embryogenesis, no fungal infestation was observed. The presence of endophytic fungal hyphae was observed just within floral stems and indehiscent fruit. Beyond assuring the presence of fungus that promote seed germination, specific fungi hyphae in the fruit may affect other process, such as fruit ripening. As other mycoheterotrophic orchids,P. schenckiiis autogamous, which may explain the low genetic diversity and high genetic structure in populations.ConclusionsWe discuss an interesting interaction: fungal hyphae in the indehiscent fruit. These fungal hyphae seem to play different roles inside fruit tissues, such as acting in the fruit maturation process and increasing the proximity between fungi and plant seeds even before dispersion occurs. As other mycoheterotrophic orchids,P. schenckiiis autogamous, which may explain the low genetic diversity and high genetic structure in populations. Altogether, our findings provide important novel information about the mechanisms shaping ecology and evolution of fragmented populations of mycoheterotrophic plant.
Characterization of TGFβ-associated molecular features and drug responses in gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Qiaofeng , Liu Furong , Qin Lu , Liao Zhibin , Song Jia , Liang Huifang , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Zhanguo , Zhang Bixiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma (GIAD) has caused a serious disease burden globally. Targeted therapy for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is becoming a reality. However, the molecular characterization of TGF-β associated signatures in GIAD requires further exploration.

Methods
Multi-omics data were collected from TCGA and GEO database. A pivotal unsupervised clustering for TGF-β level was performed by distinguish status of TGF-β associated genes. We analyzed differential mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins gene mutations and copy number variations in both clusters for comparison. Enrichment of pathways and gene sets were identified in each type of GIAD. Then we performed differential mRNA related drug response by collecting data from GDSC. At last, a summarized deep neural network for TGF-β status and GIADs was constracted.

Results
The TGF-βhigh group had a worse prognosis in overall GIAD patients, and had a worse prognosis trend in gastric cancer and colon cancer specifically. Signatures (including mRNA and proteins) of the TGF-βhigh group is highly correlated with EMT. According to miRNA analysis, miR-215-3p, miR-378a-5p, and miR-194-3p may block the effect of TGF-β. Further genomic analysis showed that TGF-βlow group had more genomic changes in gastric cancer, such as TP53 mutation, EGFR amplification, and SMAD4 deletion. And drug response dataset revealed tumor-sensitive or tumor-resistant drugs corresponding to TGF-β associated mRNAs. Finally, the DNN model showed an excellent predictive effect in predicting TGF-β status in different GIAD datasets.

Conclusions
We provide molecular signatures associated with different levels of TGF-β to deepen the understanding of the role of TGF-β in GIAD and provide potential drug possibilities for therapeutic targets in different levels of TGF-β in GIAD.
Health literacy level in a various nephrology population from Québec: predialysis clinic, in-centre hemodialysis and home dialysis; a transversal monocentric observational study
Authors: Boyer Annabel , Begin Yannick , Dupont Julie , Rousseau-Gagnon Mathieu , Fernandez Nicolas , Demian Maryam , Simonyan David , Agharazii Mohsen , Mac-Way Fabrice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth literacy refers to the ability of individuals to gain access to, use, and understand health information and services in order to maintain a good health. It is especially important in nephrology due to the complexity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study sought to define health literacy levels in patients followed in predialysis clinic, in-center dialysis (ICHD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home hemodialysis (HHD).MethodsThis transversal monocentric observational study analysed 363 patients between October 2016 and April 2017. The Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS) and the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) were used to measure health literacy. Multivariate linear regressions were used to compare the mean scores on the BHLS and HLQ, across the four groups.ResultsPatients on PD had a significantly higher BHLS’score than patients on ICHD (p = 0.04). HLQ’s scores differed across the groups: patients on HHD (p = 0.01) and PD (p = 0.002) were more likely to feel understood by their healthcare providers. Compared to ICHD, patients on HHD were more likely to have sufficient information to manage their health (p = 0.02), and patients in the predialysis clinic were more likely to report high abilities for health information appraisal (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn a monocentric study, there is a significant proportion of CKD patients, especially in predialysis clinic and in-centre hemodialysis, with limited health literacy. Patients on home dialysis (HHD and PD) had a higher level of health literacy compared to the other groups.
Neighborhood disadvantage and the sales of unhealthy products: alcohol, tobacco and unhealthy snack food
Authors: Wallace Lauren A. , Paul Rajib , Gholizadeh Shafie , Zadrozny Wlodek , Webster Caitlan , Mayfield Melanie , Racine Elizabeth F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Individuals may use unhealthy coping mechanisms such as alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snack consumption. The purpose of this study was to assess how neighborhood disadvantage is associated with sales of alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snacks at stores of a discount variety store chain.

Methods
Alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snack sales were measured monthly for 20 months, 2017–2018, in 16 discount variety stores in the United States. Mixed effects linear regressions adjusted for population size, with store-specific random effects, to examine the relationship of weekly unit sales with three outcome variables and neighborhood disadvantage, measured using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI).

Results
The discount variety stores were located in neighborhoods where the median ADI percentile was 87 [interquartile range 83,89], compared to the median ADI percentile of 50 for all US communities, indicating that the stores were located in substantially disadvantaged neighborhoods. For every 1% increase in ADI, weekly unit sales of unhealthy snack food increased by 43 [95% confidence interval, CI 28–57], and weekly unit sales of tobacco products increased by 11.5 [95% CI 5–18] per store. No significant relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and the weekly unit sales of alcohol products was identified.

Conclusions
The positive relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and the sale of tobacco and snack foods may help explain the pathway between neighborhood disadvantage and poor health outcomes. It would be useful for future research to examine how neighborhood disadvantage influences resident health-related behaviors.
The impact of smoking on outcomes following anterior cervical fusion-nonfusion hybrid surgery: a retrospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Wang Han , Meng Yang , Liu Hao , Wang Xiaofei , Hong Ying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
There is mixed evidence for the impact of cigarette smoking on outcomes following anterior cervical surgery. It has been reported to have a negative impact on healing after multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, however, segmental mobility has been suggested to be superior in smokers who underwent one- or two-level cervical disc replacement. Hybrid surgery, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and cervical disc replacement, has emerged as an alternative procedure for multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease. This study aimed to examine the impact of smoking on intermediate-term outcomes following hybrid surgery.

Methods
Radiographical and clinical outcomes of 153 patients who had undergone continuous two- or three-level hybrid surgery were followed-up to a minimum of 2-years post-operatively. The early fusion effect, 1-year fusion rate, the incidence of bone loss and heterotopic ossification, as well as the clinical outcomes were compared across three smoking status groups: (1) current smokers; (2) former smokers; (3) nonsmokers.

Results
Clinical outcomes were comparable among the three groups. However, the current smoking group had a poorer early fusion effect and 1-year fusion rate (P < 0.001 and P < 0.035 respectively). Both gender and smoking status were considered as key factors for 1-year fusion rate. Upon multivariable analysis, male gender (OR = 6.664, 95% CI: 1.248–35.581, P = 0.026) and current smoking status (OR = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.020–0.411, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with 1-year fusion rate. A subgroup analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in both early fusion process (P < 0.001) and the 1-year fusion rate (P = 0.006) across the three smoking status groups in female patients. Finally, non-smoking status appeared to be protective against bone loss (OR = 0.427, 95% CI: 0.192–0.947, P = 0.036), with these patients likely to have at least one grade lower bone loss than current smokers.

Conclusions
Smoking is associated with poor outcomes following hybrid surgery for multilevel cervical disc disease. Current smokers had the poorest fusion rate and most bone loss, but no statistically significant differences were seen in clinical outcomes across the three groups.
Process evaluation of a programme to empower community nurse leadership
Authors: Vogel Ruth G. M. , Bours Gerrie J. J. W. , Rooijackers Teuni H. , Metzelthin Silke F. , Erkens Petra M. G. , van Rossum Erik , Zwakhalen Sandra M. G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The Nurses in the Lead (NitL) programme consists of a systematic approach and training to 1) empower community nurses in implementing evidence, targeted at encouraging functional activities of older adults, and 2) train community nurses in enabling team members to change their practice. This article aims to describe the process evaluation of NitL.

Methods
A mixed-methods formative process evaluation with a predominantly qualitative approach was conducted. Qualitative data were collected by interviews with community nurses (n = 7), focus groups with team members (n = 31), and reviewing seven implementation plans and 28 patient records. Quantitative data were collected among community nurses and team members (N = 90) using a questionnaire to assess barriers in encouraging functional activities and attendance lists. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Results
NitL was largely executed according to plan. Points of attention were the use and value of the background theory within the training, completion of implementation plans, and reporting in patient records by community nurses. Inhibiting factors for showing leadership and encouraging functional activities were a lack of time and a high complexity of care; facilitating factors were structure and clear communication within teams. Nurses considered the systematic approach useful and the training educational for their role. Most team members considered NitL practical and were satisfied with the coaching provided by community nurses. To optimise NitL, community nurses recommended providing the training first and extending the training. The team members recommended continuing clinical lessons, which were an implementation strategy from the community nurses.

Conclusions
NitL was largely executed as planned, and appears worthy of further application in community care practice. However, adaptations are recommended to make NitL more promising in practice in empowering community nurse leadership in implementing evidence.