bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal imaging of a rare interventricular septum dissecting aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Zhao Li , Chen Jian , Wang Qinghui , Li Jianhua , Song Xiaolei , Ding Yunchuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a patient who presented with chest pain and palpitation, and in whom multimodality imaging, including transthoracic echocardiography, computer tomography angiogram, and coronary angiogram led to the diagnosis of interventricular septum dissecting aneurysm resulting from the rupture of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and paravalvular aortic root pseudoaneurysm. The patient underwent the modified Cabrol procedure in the cardiac surgery department. His ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm was repaired and its communication with the pseudoaneurysm was closed. This case report highlights the role of multimodality cardiac imaging.
Antiretroviral therapy and Kaposi’s sarcoma trends and outcomes among adults with HIV in Latin America
Authors: Castilho Jessica L , Kim Ahra , Jenkins Cathy A , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Fink Valeria , Padgett Denis , Belaunzaran‐Zamudio Pablo F , Crabtree‐Ramírez Brenda , Escuder Maria Mercedes , Souza Rosa Alencar , Tenore Simone B , Pimentel Sidnei R , Ikeda Maria Letícia Rodrigues , de Alencastro Paulo R , Tupinanbas Unai , Brites Carlos , Luz Estela , Netto Juliana , Cortes Claudia P , Grangeiro Alexandre , Shepherd Bryan E , McGowan Catherine C ,   the Caribbean, Central, South America network for HIV Epidemiology (CCASAnet)
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) remains the most frequent malignancy in persons living with HIV (PWH) in Latin America. We examined KS trends and outcomes from Latin American clinical sites in the era of increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsCohorts in Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Honduras, Argentina and Chile contributed clinical data of PWH ≥16 years old from 2000 to 2017, excluding patients with KS diagnosed before clinic enrolment. We compared KS incidence over time using multivariable incidence rate ratios. Predictors of KS before/at or after ART initiation and of mortality after KS were examined using Cox regression.ResultsOf 25 981 PWH, 481 had incident KS, including 200 ART‐naïve and 281 ART‐treated patients. From 2000 to 2017, the incidence of KS decreased from 55.1 to 3.0 per 1000 person‐years. In models adjusting for CD4 and other factors, the relative risk for KS decreased from 2000 to 2008. Since 2010, the adjusted risk of KS increased in the periods before and ≤90 days after ART initiation but decreased >90 days after ART. In addition to low CD4 and male‐to‐male sex, KS risk after ART was associated with age and history of other AIDS‐defining illnesses. Mortality after KS (approximately 25% after five years) was not associated with either year of KS diagnosis nor timing of diagnosis relative to ART initiation.ConclusionsKS incidence in Latin America has remained stable in recent years and risk is highest before and shortly after ART initiation. Early diagnosis of HIV and ART initiation remain critical priorities in the region.
The commonality of core biological groups across freshwater food webs
Authors: Lansac‐Tôha Fernando Miranda , Quirino Bárbara Angélio , Souza Yasmin Rodrigues , Lansac‐Tôha Fábio Amodêo , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado , Baumgartner Matheus Tenório 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAssessing how organisms interact is fundamental to understand biodiversity patterns. Like many ecosystems, most freshwater environments are susceptible to spatial and temporal variations, especially floodplains. In spite of the expected variability, the structure of interactions in food webs is a paramount aspect to uncover processes related to ecosystem functioning. Here, we surveyed four large floodplains to identify the biological groups that are protagonists across different freshwater food webs. We used limnological data on physical and biochemical variables, combined with biological information on 10 communities grouped into 41 trait‐based categories. Despite the expected differences among floodplains and between hydrologic periods (dry and flood), we identified that complex freshwater food webs shared core network compartments. Using the eigenvector centrality as a measure of importance to the whole food web, we found that both primary producers (i.e., phytoplankton) and potential top predators (i.e., fish) were the core groups in freshwater trophic networks. These biological groups were consistently among the most linked compartments in all reconstructed food webs. Considering variations among food webs, we found that most differences were dictated by how compartments interact, rather than by their co‐occurrences. Perhaps equally important is that omnivory was important for the reconstructed food webs, drawing attention to this interaction type as a fundamental aspect to unveil ecosystem processes. Although more empirical research is required to fully understand the importance of biotic interactions in freshwater food webs, our findings underline that ecosystems are more likely to collapse when disturbances affect the boundaries of the energy paths.
Measuring transverse relaxation rates of the major brain metabolites from single‐voxel PRESS acquisitions at a single TE
Authors: Nosrati Reyhaneh , Balasubramanian Mukund , Mulkern Robert 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo compare transverse relaxation rates of brain metabolites estimated from single‐TE PRESS acquisitions with more conventionally derived rates estimated from multiple‐TE PRESS acquisitions.MethodsSingle‐voxel (8 mL) PRESS data within white matter from 6 subjects were acquired at five different TEs. Transverse relaxation rates R2 of N‐acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline were estimated from a single TE using full versus right‐side‐only sampling of the echo. These R2 values were compared with R2Hahn values obtained from the multiple‐TE PRESS acquisitions.ResultsFollowing baseline subtraction and RMS weighting, interindividual mean R2 values from TE = 288 ms magnitude spectra for choline, creatine, and N‐acetylaspartate were highly correlated with respective R2Hahn values (r2 = 0.99). Paired individual measurements at this TE showed less correlation (r2 = 0.48), primarily due to the N‐acetylaspartate resonance. Using TE = 360 ms data for N‐acetylaspartate and 288 ms for choline and creatine resulted in an improved correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.80). The average absolute intra‐individual differences in the estimated R2s between single‐TE and Hahn method was 9.6 ± 7.7%.ConclusionFor the major brain metabolite singlets, R2Hahn values showed correlations with more fragile measurements of R2 from a single TE that are worthy of interest. Because the left side of long‐TE spin echoes is available “for free” from an acquisition perspective, and although the single‐TE method for estimating R2 values is associated with lower precision, the reduction in scan time may be clinically helpful.
Acute chest syndrome in pediatric sickle cell disease: Associations with racial composition and neighborhood deprivation
Authors: Alishlash Ammar Saadoon , Rutland Sarah B. , Friedman Annabelle J. , Hampton Jane I. , Nourani Anis , Lebensburger Jeffrey , Oates Gabriela R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Recurrent ACS has detrimental effects on pulmonary health and health care costs. Neighborhood characteristics affect the outcomes of many pediatric chronic diseases, but their role in SCD is not well studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of area‐level socioeconomic deprivation and racial composition on the recurrence of ACS.Study DesignWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of clinical data from a large pediatric SCD center. Patients’ residential addresses were geocoded and linked to a composite area deprivation index (ADI) and percent African American population at the level of Census block groups. The association of recurrent ACS with neighborhood characteristics was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe sample included 709 children with SCD. Residence in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood was associated with 27% less risk of recurrent ACS, and residence in a predominantly African American neighborhood was associated with 41% less risk of ACS recurrence. The racial composition explained the protective effect of living in a high‐deprivation area after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Demographic and clinical factors associated with recurrent ACS included older age, male gender, asthma, hydroxyurea use, and chronic transfusion therapy.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report a protective effect of residing in a predominantly African American community for ACS recurrence. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the association and to understand the mechanisms of such relationship.
School and educational support programmes for paediatric oncology patients and survivors: A systematic review of evidence and recommendations for future research and practice
Authors: Burns Mary A. , Fardell Joanna E. , Wakefield Claire E. , Cohn Richard J. , Marshall Glenn M. , Lum Alistair , Ellis Sarah J. , Donnan Barb , Walwyn Thomas , Carter Amanda , Barton Belinda , Lah Suncica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Psychosocial Standards of Care (PSSC) in paediatric oncology prescribe the minimum standards for education support. It is unknown, however, if published education support programmes for children with cancer meet the PSSC standards for education support. Successful implementation of standards for education support is challenging but may be achieved with guidance. We aimed to (1) review education support programmes for childhood cancer patients and survivors against the PSSC standards and (2) provide practical recommendations for future research and implementation of education support programmes.MethodsWe searched PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Educational Resources Information and Center databases. We reviewed the education support programmes using five evaluation criteria derived from the PSSC and summarised the structure of identified programmes. We examined the features and limitations of programmes that met all evaluation criteria.ResultsWe identified 20 education support programmes in paediatric oncology, including peer programmes (n = 3), teacher programmes (n = 5), and school re‐entry programmes (SRPsn = 12). We found that three SRPs met all evaluation criteria and that SRP components were timed according to the child's position on the cancer trajectory (e.g., diagnosis and treatment, school re‐entry, and follow up throughout schooling). The supporting evidence of the programmes, however, is unclear due to the lack of adequately designed studies.ConclusionsSRPs provide a promising structure for future education support programmes. We recommend strategies for developing and evaluating education support that adheres to the PSSC and adapts to international and local contexts.
Puerarin prevents cadmium‐induced disorder of testicular lactic acid metabolism in rats by activating 5′AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway
Authors: Dong Wenxuan , Zhang Kanglei , Liu Gang , Tan Yun , Zou Hui , Yuan Yan , Gu Jianhong , Song Ruilong , Zhu Jiaqiao , Liu Zongping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) interferes with the function of the male reproductive system; however, the molecular mechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of puerarin (PU) on Cd‐induced testicular lactic acid metabolism disorder. Weaning male Sprague–Dawley rats were pre‐fed for 7 days, weighed, and randomly divided into four groups: Control group, CdAc2group, CdAc2 + PU group, PU group. The results showed that Cd accumulated in the testis, the testicles became congested and shrank, and the testis index decreased in the rats treated in the CdAc2group. Cadmium exposure reduced the serum concentration of testosterone, and the concentration of lactic acid and pyruvate in the testis. Cd decreased testicular superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity, and increased testicular malondialdehyde levels. Cd reduced the level of ATP, glycolytic gene expression, and lactate production‐related proteins in the testis. Cd also decreased the expression of 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway‐related proteins in the testis. However, these negative effects were attenuated by PU administration. In summary, Cd reduces the production of lactic acid in the testis of rats, while PU administration restores the production of lactic acid and reduces the toxicity of Cd to the testis of rats.
Movements of green turtles from foraging areas of the United Arab Emirates: regional habitat connectivity and use of marine protected areas
Authors: Pilcher Nicolas James , Antonopoulou Marina A. , Rodriguez-Zarate Clara Jimena , Mateos-Molina Daniel , Das Himansu Sekhar , Bugla Ibrahim , Al Ghais Saif Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdult sea turtles migrate between foraging areas and nesting sites that may be 100 s–1000 s of km away. Little is known of the connectivity between these sites in the Arabian region for green sea turtles. We document linkages between two foraging areas in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with key nesting sites and provide insights on effectiveness of marine protected areas for green sea turtles. Tracking 45 adult green sea turtlesChelonia mydasfrom foraging areas in the UAE, we show that the primary nesting destination for turtles foraging in Bu Tinah in the UAE is Ras al Hadd in Oman. The turtles use the waters of the UAE, Iran and Oman during breeding migrations and generally stay ~ 20 km off the coast, in waters 10–20 m deep except when crossing the Sea of Oman. Turtles display substantial fidelity to the original foraging sites, often traversing other known foraging sites when returning from the breeding migration. A small proportion of turtles also utilise more than one foraging site. Our data indicate that the Marawah Marine Biosphere Reserve in Abu Dhabi is broadly coincident with the foraging areas of turtles offering substantial protection from fishery activities and that the marine protected area in Ras Al Khaimah would be more effective in protecting green sea turtles if it extended offshore and along the coast. These data may contribute to targeted and effective national and international management and conservation initiatives in the Arabian region.
Impact of changes in controlled drugs legislation on benzodiazepine receptor agonist prescribing in Ireland: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Cadogan Cathal A. , Bradley Colin P. , Bennett Kathleen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the impact of new controlled drugs legislation introduced in May 2017 on benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) prescribing in Ireland.

Methods
A repeated cross-sectional analysis was conducted using publically available monthly pharmacy claims data from the General Medical Services (GMS) database. The study population comprised all GMS-eligible individuals aged ≥ 16 years from January 2016 to September 2019. Monthly prevalence rates of individuals receiving BZRA prescriptions per 10,000 eligible population were calculated and trends examined over time. Segmented linear regression of prevalence rates was used to examine changes before and after introduction of the legislation stratified by gender and age groups. Regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for monthly change were calculated.

Results
Pre-legislation (January 2016 to April 2017), there was a significant monthly decline in benzodiazepine prevalence rate (β = − 1.18; 95% CI − 1.84, − 0.51; p < 0.001) but no significant change in Z-drug prescribing. Post-legislation (May 2017 to September 2019), increases in prevalence rates were observed for benzodiazepines (β = 1.04; 95% CI 0.17, 1.92; p = 0.021) and Z-drugs (β = 1.04; 95% CI 0.26, 1.83; p = 0.010). Post-legislation trends showed increases in BZRA prevalence rates among the youngest subgroup (16–44 years), with variable changes in the middle-aged subgroup (45–64 years) and no changes in the oldest subgroup (≥ 65 years).

Conclusions
This study indicates that introduction of new legislation had limited impact on BZRA prescribing on the main public health scheme in Ireland. Interventions targeting specific population subgroups may be required to achieve sustained reductions in prescribing.
Safety and efficacy of tolcapone in Parkinson’s disease: systematic review
Authors: Artusi Carlo Alberto , Sarro Lidia , Imbalzano Gabriele , Fabbri Margherita , Lopiano Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Tolcapone is an efficacious catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, safety issues hampered its use in clinical practice. We aimed to provide evidence of safety and efficacy of tolcapone by a systematic literature review to support clinicians’ choices in the use of an enlarging PD therapeutic armamentarium.

Methods
We searched PubMed for studies on PD patients treated with tolcapone, documenting the following outcomes: liver enzyme, adverse events (AEs), daily Off-time, levodopa daily dose, unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) part-III, quality of life (QoL), and non-motor symptoms. FAERS and EudraVigilance databases for suspected AEs were interrogated for potential additional cases of hepatotoxicity.

Results
Thirty-two studies were included, for a total of 4780 patients treated with tolcapone. Pertaining safety, 0.9% of patients showed liver enzyme elevation > 2. Over 23 years, we found 7 cases of severe liver injury related to tolcapone, 3 of which were fatal. All fatal cases did not follow the guidelines for liver function monitoring. FAERS and EudraVigilance database search yielded 61 reports of suspected liver AEs possibly related to tolcapone.
Pertaining efficacy, the median reduction of hours/day spent in Off was 2.1 (range 1–3.2), of levodopa was 108.9 mg (1–251.5), of “On” UPDRS-III was 3.6 points (1.1–6.5). Most studies reported a significant improvement of QoL and non-motor symptoms.

Conclusion
Literature data showed the absence of relevant safety concerns of tolcapone when strict adherence to hepatic function monitoring is respected. Given its high efficacy on motor fluctuations, tolcapone is probably an underutilized tool in the therapeutic PD armamentarium.
Feasibility of generalised diffusion kurtosis imaging approach for brain glioma grading
Authors: Pogosbekian E. L. , Pronin I. N. , Zakharova N. E. , Batalov A. I. , Turkin A. M. , Konakova T. A. , Maximov I. I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
An accurate differentiation of brain glioma grade constitutes an important clinical issue. Powerful non-invasive approach based on diffusion MRI has already demonstrated its feasibility in glioma grade stratification. However, the conventional diffusion tensor (DTI) and kurtosis imaging (DKI) demonstrated moderate sensitivity and performance in glioma grading. In the present work, we apply generalised DKI (gDKI) approach in order to assess its diagnostic accuracy and potential application in glioma grading.

Methods
Diffusion scalar metrics were obtained from 50 patients with different glioma grades confirmed by histological tests following biopsy or surgery. All patients were divided into two groups with low- and high-grade gliomas as grade II versus grades III and IV, respectively. For a comparison, trained radiologists segmented the brain tissue into three regions with solid tumour, oedema, and normal appearing white matter. For each region, we estimated the conventional and gDKI metrics including DTI maps.

Results
We found high correlations between DKI and gDKI metrics in high-grade glioma. Further, gDKI metrics enabled introduction of a complementary measure for glioma differentiation based on correlations between the conventional and generalised approaches. Both conventional and generalised DKI metrics showed quantitative maps of tumour heterogeneity and oedema behaviour. gDKI approach demonstrated largely similar sensitivity and specificity in low-high glioma differentiation as in the case of conventional DKI method.

Conclusion
The generalised diffusion kurtosis imaging enables differentiation of low- and high-grade gliomas at the same level as the conventional DKI. Additionally, gDKI exhibited higher sensitivity to tumour heterogeneity and tissue contrast between tumour and healthy tissue and, thus, may contribute as a complementary source of information on tumour differentiation.
Improved amyloid burden quantification with nonspecific estimates using deep learning
Authors: Liu Haohui , Nai Ying-Hwey , Saridin Francis , Tanaka Tomotaka , O’ Doherty Jim , Hilal Saima , Gyanwali Bibek , Chen Christopher P. , Robins Edward G. , Reilhac Anthonin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) used to quantify amyloid-β burden from amyloid-PET scans can be biased by variations in the tracer’s nonspecific (NS) binding caused by the presence of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). In this work, we propose a novel amyloid-PET quantification approach that harnesses the intermodal image translation capability of convolutional networks to remove this undesirable source of variability.

Methods
Paired MR and PET images exhibiting very low specific uptake were selected from a Singaporean amyloid-PET study involving 172 participants with different severities of CeVD. Two convolutional neural networks (CNN), ScaleNet and HighRes3DNet, and one conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) were trained to map structural MR to NS PET images. NS estimates generated for all subjects using the most promising network were then subtracted from SUVr images to determine specific amyloid load only (SAβL). Associations of SAβL with various cognitive and functional test scores were then computed and compared to results using conventional SUVr.

Results
Multimodal ScaleNet outperformed other networks in predicting the NS content in cortical gray matter with a mean relative error below 2%. Compared to SUVr, SAβL showed increased association with cognitive and functional test scores by up to 67%.

Conclusion
Removing the undesirable NS uptake from the amyloid load measurement is possible using deep learning and substantially improves its accuracy. This novel analysis approach opens a new window of opportunity for improved data modeling in Alzheimer’s disease and for other neurodegenerative diseases that utilize PET imaging.