bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It’s a Big Family Here.” Becoming and Belonging in a Service Providing Employment-Related Support for People with Mental Health Problems: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Chauhan Nisha , Leeming Dawn , Wattis John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe impact of employment for individuals with mental health problems is complex. However, research suggests that when support is provided for accessing employment and gaining roles and skills that are valued by others, a positive effect can be seen on recovery. Employment-related support can take many forms and there is a need for further research into the experience of accessing different kinds of services. The current paper examines the lived experience of 11 people participating in a UK social enterprise providing work experience, training, and skills development for those with mental health problems. Although ‘sheltered’, the organisational ethos strongly emphasised service-user empowerment, co-production, equality with staff, provision of valued social roles and person-centred support. Phenomenological analysis revealed that participants valued a sense of belonging and authentic relationships within the service, whilst being given the opportunity to rediscover an identity that may have been lost because of their mental health problem. However, participants also discussed how, although the service improved their self-value, some feared the ‘real world’ outside of the service and were unsure whether they would be met with the same support. Tensions between field dominant approaches in supported employment and the experiences and values of the participants are explored. We argue that the findings highlight the importance of a nurturing working environment and the value for recovery of a range of meaningful roles, beyond competitive employment.
Gauge-Underdetermination and Shades of Locality in the Aharonov–Bohm Effect
Authors: Mulder Ruward A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI address the view that the classical electromagnetic potentials are shown by the Aharonov–Bohm effect to be physically real (which I dub: ‘the potentials view’). I give a historico-philosophical presentation of this view and assess its prospects, more precisely than has so far been done in the literature. Taking the potential as physically real runs prima facie into ‘gauge-underdetermination’: different gauge choices represent different physical states of affairs and hence different theories. This fact is usually not acknowledged in the literature (or in classrooms), neither by proponents nor by opponents of the potentials view. I then illustrate this theme by what I take to be the basic insight of the AB effect for the potentials view, namely that the gauge equivalence class that directly corresponds to the electric and magnetic fields (which I call the Wide Equivalence Class) is too wide, i.e., the Narrow Equivalence Class encodes additional physical degrees of freedom: these only play a distinct role in a multiply-connected space. There is a trade-off between explanatory power and gauge symmetries. On the one hand, this narrower equivalence class gives a local explanation of the AB effect in the sense that the phase is incrementally picked up along the path of the electron. On the other hand, locality is not satisfied in the sense of signal locality, viz. the finite speed of propagation exhibited by electric and magnetic fields. It is therefore intellectually mandatory to seek desiderata that will distinguish even within these narrower equivalence classes, i.e. will prefer some elements of such an equivalence class over others. I consider various formulations of locality, such as Bell locality, local interaction Hamiltonians, and signal locality. I show that Bell locality can only be evaluated if one fixes the gauge freedom completely. Yet, an explanation in terms of signal locality can be accommodated by the Lorenz gauge: the potentials propagate in waves at finite speed. I therefore suggest the Lorenz gauge potentials theory—an even narrower gauge equivalence relation—as the ontology of electrodynamics.
Balancing scarce hospital resources during the COVID-19 pandemic using discrete-event simulation
Authors: Melman G.J. , Parlikad A.K. , Cameron E.A.B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has disrupted healthcare operations and resulted in large-scale cancellations of elective surgery. Hospitals throughout the world made life-altering resource allocation decisions and prioritised the care of COVID-19 patients. Without effective models to evaluate resource allocation strategies encompassing COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 care, hospitals face the risk of making sub-optimal local resource allocation decisions. A discrete-event-simulation model is proposed in this paper to describe COVID-19, elective surgery, and emergency surgery patient flows. COVID-19-specific patient flows and a surgical patient flow network were constructed based on data of 475 COVID-19 patients and 28,831 non-COVID-19 patients in Addenbrooke’s hospital in the UK. The model enabled the evaluation of three resource allocation strategies, for two COVID-19 wave scenarios: proactive cancellation of elective surgery, reactive cancellation of elective surgery, and ring-fencing operating theatre capacity. The results suggest that a ring-fencing strategy outperforms the other strategies, regardless of the COVID-19 scenario, in terms of total direct deaths and the number of surgeries performed. However, this does come at the cost of 50% more critical care rejections. In terms of aggregate hospital performance, a reactive cancellation strategy prioritising COVID-19 is no longer favourable if more than 7.3% of elective surgeries can be considered life-saving. Additionally, the model demonstrates the impact of timely hospital preparation and staff availability, on the ability to treat patients during a pandemic. The model can aid hospitals worldwide during pandemics and disasters, to evaluate their resource allocation strategies and identify the effect of redefining the prioritisation of patients.
The Ponto-Caspian parasite Plagioporus cf. skrjabini reaches the River Rhine system in Central Europe: higher infestation in the native than in the introduced Danubian form of the gastropod Theodoxus fluviatilis
Authors: Rothmeier Louisa Marie , Sahm René , Watermann Burkard , Grabow Karsten , Koester Meike , Cichy Anna , Martens Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe introduction of non-indigenous organisms in new areas in the context of host-parasite interactions is still poorly understood. This study aimed at a parasitological and histopathological comparison of two phylogenetically distinct forms of the freshwater snail Theodoxus fluviatilis in the River Rhine system: the native Northern-European form, which showed a decline for unknown reasons and is nowadays extinct in the River Rhine, and the non-indigenous Danubian form, which was introduced via the Main–Danube canal. We histopathologically examined populations of Northern-European T. fluviatilis from three smaller rivers of the Rhine system and of Danubian T. fluviatilis from the River Rhine, after confirming the phylogenetic background of the respective population genetically. Results showed differences in the prevalence of trematodes and histopathologic organic alterations between the two snail forms. Both were infected with an opecoelid trematode Plagioporus cf. skrjabini, whereby its prevalence was significantly higher in the Northern-European than in the Danubian form. The parasitic trematode is, to our knowledge, a new trematode species in the River Rhine system, presumably co-introduced through the invasion of its second intermediate and final hosts, i.e. Ponto-Caspian amphipods and gobies. Its impact on native populations of Northern-European T. fluviatilis needs to be subject of future studies.
The Effects of Periodicity Assumptions in Porous Media Modelling
Authors: Forslund T. O. M. , Larsson I. A. S. , Hellström J. G. I. , Lundström T. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effects of periodicity assumptions on the macroscopic properties of packed porous beds are evaluated using a cascaded Lattice-Boltzmann method model. The porous bed is modelled as cubic and staggered packings of mono-radii circular obstructions where the bed porosity is varied by altering the circle radii. The results for the macroscopic properties are validated using previously published results. For unsteady flows, it is found that one unit cell is not enough to represent all structures of the fluid flow which substantially impacts the permeability and dispersive properties of the porous bed. In the steady region, a single unit cell is shown to accurately represent the fluid flow across all cases studied
Teaching Medical Students to Help Patients Manage Their Weight: Outcomes of an Eight-School Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ockene Judith K. , Pbert Lori , Crawford Sybil , Frisard Christine F. , Pendharkar Jyothi A. , Sadasivam Rajani S. , Faro Jamie , Okuliar Cathy , Eno Cassie , Margo Katherine , Shaw Monica Ann , Soleymani Taraneh , Stadler Diane D. , Warrier Sarita , White Katie , Geller Alan C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Given the rising rates of obesity there is a pressing need for medical schools to better prepare students for intervening with patients who have overweight or obesity and for prevention efforts.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of a multi-modal weight management curriculum on counseling skills for health behavior change.

DESIGN
A pair-matched, group-randomized controlled trial (2015-2020) included students enrolled in eight U.S. medical schools randomized to receive either multi-modal weight management education (MME) or traditional weight management education (TE).

SETTING/PARTICIPANTS
Students from the class of 2020 (N=1305) were asked to participate in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) focused on weight management counseling and complete pre and post surveys. A total of 70.1% of eligible students (N=915) completed the OSCE and 69.3% (N=904) completed both surveys. INTERVENTIONS: The MME implemented over three years included a web-based course, a role-play classroom exercise, a web-patient encounter with feedback, and an enhanced clerkship experience with preceptors trained in weight management counseling (WMC). Counseling focused on the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) and patient-centeredness.

MEASUREMENTS
The outcome was student 5As WMC skills assessed using an objective measure, an OSCE, scored using a behavior checklist, and a subjective measure, student self-reported skills for performing the 5As.

RESULTS
Among MME students who completed two of three WMC components compared to those who completed none, exposure was significantly associated with higher OSCE scores and self-reported 5A skills.

LIMITATIONS
Variability in medical schools requiring participation in the WMC curriculum.

CONCLUSIONS
This trial revealed that medical students struggle with delivering weight management counseling to their patients who have overweight or obesity. Medical schools, though restrained in adding curricula, should incorporate should incorporate multiple WMC curricula components early in medical student education to provide knowledge and build confidence for supporting patients in developing individualized plans for weight management.

NIH Trial Registry Number
R01-194787
Validation of a 5-Item Tool to Measure Patient Assessment of Clinician Compassion in Hospitals
Authors: Roberts Brian W. , Roberts Michael B. , Mazzarelli Anthony , Trzeciak Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
We previously validated a 5-item compassion measure to assess patient experience of clinician compassion in the outpatient setting. However, currently, there is no validated and feasible method for health care systems to measure patient experience of clinician compassion in the inpatient setting across multiple hospitals.

Objective
To test if the 5-item compassion measure can validly and distinctly measure patient assessment of physician and nurse compassion in the inpatient setting.

Design
Cross-sectional study between July 1 and July 31, 2020, in a US health care network of 91 community hospitals across 16 states consisting of approximately 15,000 beds.

Patients
Adult patients who had an inpatient hospital stay and completed the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey.

Measurements
We adapted the original 5-item compassion measure to be specific for physicians, as well as for nurses. We disseminated both measures with the HCAHPS survey and used confirmatory factor analysis for validity testing. We tested reliability using Cronbach’s alpha, as well as convergent validity with patient assessment of physician and nursing communication and overall hospital rating questions from HCAHPS.

Results
We analyzed 4756 patient responses. Confirmatory factor analysis found good fit for two distinct constructs (i.e., physician and nurse compassion). Both measures demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha > 0.90) and good convergent validity but reflected a construct (compassionate care) distinct from what is currently captured in HCAHPS.

Conclusion
We validated two 5-item tools that can distinctly measure patient experience of physician and nurse compassion for use in the inpatient hospital setting in conjunction with HCAHPS.
Environmental Earth Sciences Progress Report 2020 and Outlook 2021
Authors: Kolditz Olaf , Teti Paola , Dörhöfer Gunter , LaMoreaux Jim , Andriani Gioacchino F. , Appleyard Stephen , Asch Ted , Buttafuoco Gabriele , Dietrich Peter , Hursthouse Andrew , Kim Derek , Merkel Broder J. , Schwarzbauer Jan , Siegesmund Siegfried , Kolditz Barbara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present editorial 2020 continues the series of status reports in Environmental Earth Sciences (EES) in previous years 2017 and 2019 (Kolditz et al. in Environ Earth Sci 77: 8, 2018, Kolditz et al. in Environ Earth Sci 79: 11, 2020). The year 2020 coming to an end was heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic affecting all areas of life including research work and, therefore, scientific publishing as well (“Introduction”). One bright spot which shows longevity of journals that produce a quality product is that Environmental Earth Sciences (EES) is celebrating its 45th anniversary of publication. To this extent EES continues the tradition to honor the most cited papers contributing to the 2020 Impact Factor (IF) (“Highly and most cited topics”) and provide information on the current status of EES as well as an outlook to 2021 (“Progress report”)
Beryllium-7 and Lead-210 are Associated with an Increase in the Arctic Oscillation: Evidence from Atmospheric Aerosols in a Remote Tropical Region in East Asia
Authors: Chen Xiaoxia , Lin Wuhui , He Xianwen , Feng Liangliang , Wang Kuo-Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Arctic Oscillation (AO) accounts for a large fraction of recent decadal climate trends in Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitudes. In East Asia, an elevated AO index (AOI) was associated with warmer temperatures in middle- to high-latitude regions, colder temperatures over low-latitude regions, and elevated ozone intrusion from the stratosphere. Elevated beryllium-7 (7Be) is produced in the stratosphere. Few studies have discussed the relationship between 7Be and the AO. Here, we identify the AO signature in 7Be and lead (Pb)-210 observed at a tropical ambient monitoring site in Nanning (22.8°N, 108.5°E) during the December 2014–December 2017 period. Our results show that the 7Be and 210Pb concentrations are positively and significantly correlated with the AOI (P < 0.01). These results show that elevated 7Be and 210Pb are associated with an increase in the AOI, reflecting air masses originating from NH high latitudes and vertically from the high-latitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere regions to tropical latitudes in East Asia. These results have been verified with ozonesonde data without seasonality and with two meteorological data sets. Our results are also confirmed by observational data over the Pacific regions. We conclude that the AO exerts impacts over the tropical regions in East Asia, and 7Be can be used as a tracer to track the impacts of the AO.
Big and little Lipschitz one sets
Authors: Buczolich Zoltán , Hanson Bruce , Maga Balázs , Vértesy Gáspár 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven a continuous function $$f:{\mathbb {R}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

f
:
R
→
R

, we denote the so-called “big Lip” and “little lip” functions by "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" respectively. We are interested in the following question. Given a set $$E \subset {\mathbb {R}}$$

E
⊂
R

, is it possible to find a continuous function f such that "Equation missing" or "Equation missing"? For monotone continuous functions we provide a rather straightforward answer. For arbitrary continuous functions the answer is much more difficult to find. We introduce the concept of uniform density type (UDT) and show that if E is $$G_\delta $$

G
δ

and UDT then there exists a continuous function f satisfying "Equation missing", that is, E is a "Equation missing" set. In the other direction we show that every "Equation missing" set is $$G_\delta $$

G
δ

and weakly dense. We also show that the converse of this statement is not true, namely that there exist weakly dense $$G_{{\delta }}$$

G
δ

sets which are not "Equation missing". We say that a set $$E\subset \mathbb {R}$$

E
⊂
R

is "Equation missing" if there is a continuous function f such that "Equation missing". We introduce the concept of strongly one-sided density and show that every "Equation missing" set is a strongly one-sided dense $$F_\sigma $$

F
σ

set.
Measuring the Business Cycle Chronology with a Novel Business Cycle Indicator for Germany
Authors: Gehringer Agnieszka , Mayer Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a Business Cycle Indicator to compile a transparent and reliable chronology of past business cycle turning points for Germany. The Indicator is derived applying the statistical method of Principal Component Analysis, based on information from 20 economic time series. In this way, the Business Cycle Indicator grasps the development of the broader economic activity and has several advantages over a business cycle assessment based on quarterly series of Gross Domestic Product.
Synthesis of flow‐compatible Ru-Me/Al2O3 catalysts and their application in hydrogenation of 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene
Authors: Sebek Michael , Atia Hanan , Steinfeldt Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of an active, selective, and long-term stable heterogeneous catalyst for the reductive hydrogenation of substituted nitrorarenes in continuous operation mode is still challenging. In this work, Ru based nanoparticles catalysts promoted with different transition metals (Zn, Co, Cu, Sn, or Fe) were supported on alumina spheres using spray wet impregnation method. The freshly prepared catalysts were characterized using complementary methods including scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The hydrogenation of 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene served as model reaction to assess the catalytic performance of the prepared catalysts. The addition of the promotor affected the reducibility of Ru nanoparticles as well as the performance of the catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction. The highest yield of 4-iodoaniline (89 %) was obtained in a continuous flow process using Ru-Sn/Al2O3. The performance of this catalyst was also followed in a long-term experiment. With increasing operation time, a catalyst deactivation occurred which could only briefly compensate by an increase of the reaction temperature.
Is A Common Goal A False Hope in Convergence Research?: Opportunities and Challenges of International Convergence Research to Address Arctic Change
Authors: Ernakovich J. G. , Eklund N. , Varner R. K. , Kirchner N. , Jeuring J. , Duderstadt K. , Granebeck A. , Golubeva E. ,   ASIAQ participants
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Arctic faces multiple pressures including climate change, shifting demographics, human health risks, social justice imbalances, governance issues, and expanding resource extraction. A convergence of academic disciplines—such as natural and social sciences, engineering and technology, health and medicine—and international perspectives is required to meaningfully contribute to solving the challenges of Arctic peoples and ecosystems. However, successfully carrying out convergent, international research and education remains a challenge. Here, lessons from the planning phase of a convergence research project concerned with the health of Arctic waters developed by the Arctic Science IntegrAtion Quest (ASIAQ) are discussed. We discuss our perspective on the challenges, as well as strategies for success, in convergence research as gained from the ASIAQ project which assembled an international consortium of researchers from disparate disciplines representing six universities from four countries (Sweden, Japan, Russia, and the United States) during 2018–2020.
Diagnosing Non‐Gaussian Temperature Distribution Tails Using Back‐Trajectory Analysis
Authors: Catalano A. J. , Loikith P. C. , Neelin J. D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoherent regions exhibiting non‐Gaussian 2‐m temperature distribution tails are present across the globe, indicating changes in extreme temperatures under future warming may manifest in more complex ways than were the underlying distributions symmetric about the mean. To further the understanding of physical processes that govern temperature distribution tail shape, this work utilizes a back‐trajectory model to diagnose mechanisms for extreme daily mean temperature development at select extratropical locations exhibiting non‐Gaussian tails. Although characteristics such as direction, distance, and temperature evolution vary among back‐trajectories associated with extreme temperature days, results reveal principal pathways for air parcel propagation associated with preferred patterns in large‐scale circulation. A relatively persistent synoptic setup leads to thermal advection, which interacts with local geographic features to produce a shorter‐ or longer‐than‐Gaussian tail. Significant relationships with recurrent modes of atmospheric and sea surface temperature variability further suggest the influence of teleconnection wave patterns and ocean temperatures on extreme daily temperature occurrence over land, though local, smaller‐scale processes are also important. Air parcels transporting extreme temperatures at short‐tailed locations often originate in marine environments, constraining the magnitude of the temperature extreme, while locations exhibiting long cold tails require rare meteorological conditions to transport the coldest air from poleward source regions often partially blocked by topography or downstream of the prevailing wind. Processes governing longer‐than‐Gaussian warm tails at locations examined are more subtle and not as obviously dominated by horizontal advection. Results provide added insight into our understanding of temperature extremes and how they may change in the future at regional scales.