bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Context Modulates L2 Long‐Term Structural Priming for the Chinese Ba Construction
Authors: WANG MIN , SHEN HUIYANG , BOLAND JULIE E. , WEI HANG 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how visual context influences second language (L2) long‐term structural priming for the Chinese ba construction. The experiment consisted of a baseline phase, an exposure phase, an immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest. L2 Chinese learners (N = 120) were assigned to 1 of 4 groups for the exposure manipulation. The 3 experimental groups were exposed to simultaneous text and audio stimuli using the ba construction, accompanied by different visual contexts: a TV episode for the video group, isolated pictures for the picture group, and no nonlinguistic context for the text group. The picture and the video groups showed a greater increase in production of the ba construction from the baseline to the immediate posttest than the text group, but only the video group continued producing higher rates of the ba construction in the delayed posttest after a 3‐day interval. The production of the ba construction remained unchanged for the control group throughout the experiment. We conclude that visual context enhances L2 structural priming and that the continuous video context can support long‐term priming effects. This is the first study to directly compare the magnitude of L2 long‐term structural priming in different visual contexts, shedding light on the mechanism by which context facilitates L2 learning.
Changing demographics and risk factors for cryptococcosis: A 12‐year review at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Bhatt Mahesh , Porterfield J. Zachary , Ribes Julie A. , Arora Vaneet , Myint Thein 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCryptococcosis is classically associated with the immunocompromised patients but there is a rising appreciation for its impact on the immunocompetent hosts. We sought to analyse the trends, diagnosis, treatment of different hosts and the effect of immunodeficiency and chronic liver disease on relapse and in‐house mortality.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 12 years of patients with cryptococcosis, divided into three different groups: HIV‐infected, transplant and non‐HIV non‐transplant (NHNT). Data were analysed with Chi‐square, unpaired parametric t test, simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 114 identified patients, 23 (20.2%) had HIV infection, 11 (9.6%) had transplant, 80 (70.2%) were NHNT patients. Overall, mortality was 28.1% (32/114) and relapse occurred in 10.5% (12/114) of patients. The mortality trend was higher (OR = 2.346, p = .287) in the transplant group (45.5%, 5/11) than in HIV (26.1%, 6/23) and NHNT groups (26.3%, 21/80). HIV was associated with relapse; 30.4% (7/23) for HIV‐positive patients and 5.5% (5/91) for HIV‐negative patients (OR = 7.525, p = .002). Chronic liver disease had a large and statistically significant association with mortality on multivariate analysis (OR = 3.583, p = .013) which was more pronounced than the HIV or transplant groups. It was independently associated with mortality by chi‐square analysis (OR 3.137, p = .012).ConclusionChronic liver disease represented 30.7% (35/114) of all studied patients. It was a risk factor for in‐hospital mortality. HIV infection and transplant were not statistically significant for mortality. Relapse was highest in the HIV‐infected patients at 30.4% (7/23). These data highlight the effect of type and degree of immunocompromise on cryptococcosis.
Oral parafunction and bruxism in Rett syndrome and associated factors: An observational study
Authors: Lai Yvonne Yee Lok , Downs Jenny Anne , Wong Kingsley , Zafar Sobia , Walsh Laurence James , Leonard Helen Margaret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore patterns of parafunction, and bruxism, and its relationships with genotype and snoring in individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT).MethodsRetrospective observational data of those with confirmedMECP2 mutations in theInterRettdatabase (n = 216) were used to investigate experience of parafunctional habits, and bruxism and their relationships with genotype and snoring using multivariable linear regression.ResultsThe prevalence of parafunction was 98.2%. Bruxism was reported (66.2%) with the patterns mostly both diurnal and nocturnal (44.1%) and exclusively diurnal (42.7%). Compared to individuals with C‐terminal deletion, individuals with p.Arg106Trp mutations were less likely to have bruxism reported (aOR = 0.15; 95% CI 0.02–0.98,p = 0.05) and those with p.Arg168* mutation were more likely to have frequent bruxism than none or occasional bruxism reported (aROR 3.4; 95% CI 1.1–10.7p = 0.04). The relative odds of having nocturnal bruxism constantly, compared to none/occasionally, were higher among those ‘always’ snoring (aROR 6.24; 95% CI 2.1–18.2,p = 0.001) than those with no snoring.ConclusionsThere appeared to be genotypic association with bruxism in p.Arg168* and p.Arg106Trp mutations and association between nocturnal bruxism and frequent snoring in an international sample of individuals with RTT. Clinical significance of the high prevalence of bruxism should be highlighted in relation to difficulty communicating pain and increased dental treatment need in RTT.
Fluoroless 3D mapping‐guided pacemaker implant in a pregnant patient
Authors: Gianni Carola , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Natale Andrea , Horton Rodney P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe describe a case of pacemaker implant guided by intracardiac echocardiography and three‐dimensional anatomical mapping in a pregnant patient, with no peri‐procedural use of radiation.
Trophic partitioning and feeding capacity in Permian bryozoan faunas of Gondwana
Authors: Reid Catherine M. , Tamberg Yuta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBryozoans are epibenthic suspension‐feeders and use their ciliated tentacles to generate feeding currents. Modern bryozoan mouth size limits the size of the particles that can be ingested, and lophophore diameter is correlated with water pumping rates. In fossil bryozoans these soft parts are absent, however mouth and lophophore dimensions can be inferred from preserved skeletons. Gondwanan Permian palaeostomate bryozoans show distinct order‐level trophic partitioning across warm to cold‐water faunas. In diverse warm‐water faunas of southern Thailand, fenestrate bryozoans consumed the smallest food particles, cryptostomes and trepostomes consumed mid‐size particles, and cystoporates consumed the largest, and widest range, of particles. In contrast, in low diversity cold‐water faunas of eastern Australia, where cystoporates and cryptostomes are uncommon, fenestrate bryozoans again consumed the smallest food particles, however the abundant trepostomes had much larger mouths than their warm‐water counterparts and consumed the largest food particles. This variation in mouth size, especially in the trepostomes, suggests that within a regional fauna mouth size is not controlled only by higher level systematics and that sessile benthic organisms are trophically structured to utilize different sized food particles from a suspended food source. Gondwanan Permian palaeostomates had much larger mouth and lophophore sizes than modern stenolaemates (cyclostomes) and are more comparable to gymnolaemate (cheilostome) bryozoans. This suggests that palaeostomates were able to access and consume the same range of food resources as modern gymnolaemate bryozoans, and feed at similar rates, prior to the marine environmental changes at the close of the Palaeozoic.
Utility of ultrasound evaluation of I‐Gel® placement in children: An observational study
Authors: Ahn Jin Hee , Park Jiyeon , Ryu kyoung Ho , Jo Jae Seong , Kang Ryung A. , Ko Justin Sangwook , Hahm Tae Soo , Jeong Ji Seon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound is not widely used to evaluate optimal supraglottic airway positioning even though it could potentially be used to identify and correct problem areas.AimsWe evaluated a new ultrasound scoring method to identify the position of the supraglottic airway and detect the location of air leaks during ventilation in pediatric patients.MethodsUsing a prospective observational study design, we enrolled 90 pediatric patients of ASA physical status I–III scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. After anesthesia induction, patients were assigned to a noncorrection group or a correction group after their first ultrasound evaluation. Noncorrection group comprised patients with tolerable I‐Gel positioning based on ultrasound evaluation and no problems with clinical parameters, while the correction group comprised patients with I‐Gel mispositioning based on ultrasound.ResultsAfter the first ultrasound evaluation, 61 patients did not need I‐Gel correction (noncorrection group), while 29 patients needed I‐Gel correction (correction group) and underwent a second ultrasound evaluation. Airway sealing pressure and total ultrasound score showed a negative correlation (r = −.845, p < .001). The area under the receiver operating curve for total ultrasound score was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–0.99; p < .001). In the correction group, ultrasound score and ventilation parameters improved after correction based on ultrasound evaluation.ConclusionsUltrasound scores were negatively correlated with airway sealing pressure in pediatric patients. Ultrasound evaluation is useful for detecting misplacement of the I‐Gel and can be a useful tool for correction.
Vigorous growth and high yielding of rice (Oryza sativa) introgression lines and transformants carrying a PRR37 allele from wild rice O. longistaminata
Authors: Maekawa Masahiko , Kashihara Masakazu , Gichuhi Emily , Himi Eiko , Murai Masayuki , Ishikawa Noriko , Hiei Yukoh , Ishida Yuji , Komari Toshihiko , Komori Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWild rice species are expected to possess genes that are potentially useful for rice breeding. Backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross of a japonica rice ‘Shiokari’ and a progeny line from a cross of a japonica ‘Taichung 65’ and Oryza longistaminata MwM were examined for agronomic traits. Some BILs showed vigorous growth and increased yield relative to ‘Shiokari’. One of such BILs was further analysed using QTL mapping followed by map‐based cloning to identify the causal gene. An allele of OsPRR37, which encodes a pseudo response regulator protein, in O. longistaminata was found responsible for the traits and named OlPRR37. OlPRR37 was expressed more than an OsPRR37 allele from a japonica ‘Nipponbare’ in the heterozygotes of the two alleles. The genomic clone of OlPRR37 and the coding sequences of both OlPRR37 and the ‘Nipponbare’ allele driven by the promoter of OlPRR37 similarly functioned as high‐yielding genes in transgenic rice. Thus, higher expression of PRR37 by the OlPRR37 promoter likely conferred the increased yield. Accordingly, OlPRR37 may be used to improve rice productivity.
Efficacy and safety of sulforaphane for treatment of mild to moderate depression in patients with history of cardiac interventions: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ghazizadeh‐Hashemi Fatemeh , Bagheri Sayna , Ashraf‐Ganjouei Amir , Moradi Kamyar , Shahmansouri Nazila , Mehrpooya Maryam , Noorbala Ahmad‐Ali , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: May 2021

AimDepression has been recognized as one of the disorders associated with cardiac interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of sulforaphane in treatment of depression induced by cardiac interventions.MethodsAfter initial screening, 66 patients with previous history of at least one cardiac intervention and current mild to moderate depression were randomly assigned to two parallel groups receiving either sulforaphane (n = 33) or placebo (n = 33) for six successive weeks. Efficacy was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) at baseline and week 2, 4, and 6. Safety of the treatments was checked during the trial period.ResultsSixty participants completed the clinical trial (n = 30 in each group). Baseline demographic and clinical parameters were all similar among groups. Repeated measures analysis indicated that the sulforaphane group exhibited greater improvement in HAM‐D scores throughout the trial (P < 0.001). Response to treatment (≥50% reduction in the HAM‐D score) rate was higher in the sulforaphane group at trial endpoint (30% vs 6.67%, P = 0.042). Remission (HAM‐D score ≤ 7) rate was also higher in the sulforaphane group; however, the difference was not significant (23.33% vs 3.33%, P = 0.052). Finally, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of frequency of side effects.ConclusionsSulforaphane could safely improve depressive symptoms induced by cardiac interventions. Further clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods are warranted to confirm our results.
Trust in the Process: Renewable Energy Governance in Malaysia and Indonesia
Authors: Anuar Amalina , Dewayanti Aninda 
Published: May 2021

Studies on renewable energy (RE) policies and policy making have generally focused on the Global North. This article homes in on how trust, an underexamined concept in the multi‐level governance literature, affects RE trajectories in Malaysia and Indonesia. Through comparative analysis, we find that different levels of trust result in similar degrees of RE policy support, but dissimilar degrees of engagement between state and societal actors in RE policy making. Negative expectations of the social grievances engendered by RE transitions contribute to reluctant, though legitimized, pursuits of clean energy production and consumption. Meanwhile, trust in actors' nationalism—that is, in opposing a Global North environmental agenda and demonstrating constitutionally aligned resource management in Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively—facilitates more inclusive policy making. Due to greater nationalism, Indonesia's state‐society engagement in RE governance is stronger and leads to a civil RE movement that outpaces Malaysia's overall.Related ArticlesAsh, John. 2010. “New Nuclear Energy, Risk, and Justice: Regulatory Strategies for an era of Limited Trust.” Politics & Policy 38 (2): 225‐284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00237.xKhodr, Hiba, and Isabella Ruble. 2013. “Energy Policies and Domestic Politics in the MENA Region in the Aftermath of the Arab Upheavals: The Cases of Lebanon, Libya, and KSA.” Politics & Policy 41 (5): 656‐689. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12033Wood, Steve. 2009. “Energy Security, Normative Dilemmas, and Institutional Camouflage: Europe's Pragmatism.” Politics & Policy 37 (3): 611‐635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00187.x
Optimal quarantine‐related strategies for COVID‐19 control models
Authors: Grigorieva Ellina V. , Khailov Evgenii N. , Korobeinikov Andrei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAt the time when this paper was written, quarantine‐related strategies (from full lockdown to some relaxed preventive measures) were the only available measure to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic. However, long‐term quarantine and especially full lockdown is an extremely expensive measure. To explore the possibility of controlling and suppressing the COVID‐19 epidemic at the lowest possible cost, we apply optimal control theory. In this paper, we create two controlled Susceptible‐Exposed‐Infectious‐Removed (SEIR) type models describing the spread of COVID‐19 in a human population. For each model, we solve an optimal control problem and find the optimal quarantine strategy that ensures the minimal level of the infected population at the lowest possible cost. The properties of the corresponding optimal controls are established analytically using the Pontryagin maximum principle. The optimal solutions, obtained numerically, validate our analytical results. Additionally, for both controlled models, we find explicit formulas for the basic reproductive ratios in the presence of a constant control and show that while the epidemic can be eventually stopped under long‐term quarantine measures of maximum strength (full lockdown), the strength of quarantine can be reduced under the optimal quarantine policies. The behavior of the appropriate optimal solutions and their dependence on the basic reproductive ratio, population density, and the duration of quarantine are discussed, and practically relevant conclusions are made.
Third‐party callers to the national suicide prevention lifeline: Seeking assistance on behalf of people at imminent risk of suicide
Authors: Gould Madelyn S. , Lake Alison M. , Kleinman Marjorie , Galfalvy Hanga , McKeon Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assist suicidal individuals, people in their social network are often directed to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline). The study's objective was to provide information on third‐party calls made out of concern for another person.MethodReports on 172 third‐party calls concerning individuals deemed to be at imminent suicide risk were completed by 30 crisis counselors at six Lifeline crisis centers.ResultsThird‐party callers were most likely to be calling about a family member or friend and were significantly more likely than persons at risk to be female and middle‐aged or older. Counselors were able to collect information about suicide risk, and counselors and third‐parties were nearly always able to identify at least one intervention to aid the person at risk. Emergency services were contacted on 58.1 percent of the calls, which represents a somewhat higher rate of emergency services involvement than previously reported on imminent risk calls placed by the person at risk. Characteristics of third‐parties and persons‐at‐risk each predicted emergency service involvement, but counselor characteristics did not. Non‐emergency interventions were implemented on 68.6 percent of calls.ConclusionsIndividuals calling the Lifeline when they are worried about someone are provided a range of interventions which can supplement, and at times replace, calling 911.
The impact of macroeconomic factors on suicide in 175 countries over 27 years
Authors: Meda Nicola , Miola Alessandro , Slongo Irene , Zordan Mauro Agostino , Sambataro Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvery year, more than 800,000 people die by suicide, three‐quarters of which are males. Economic factors influence suicide rates, but a worldwide perspective of their impact according to age and sex is lacking.MethodWe queried publicly available datasets on economic factors and on suicide rates stratified according to sex and age, from 1991 to 2017, for 175 countries. Thus, we analyzed approximately 21 million deaths by suicide using a multivariable regression model approach.ResultsEvery 1% increase in global unemployment rates is associated with a 1% upsurge in male deaths by suicide (Relative risk (RR) = 1.01 [CI 95% 1.00–1.01] with respect to females) or 5000 excess male deaths. A 1% higher unemployment rate also exerts age‐specific effects on suicide rates, since, among adults aged 30–59, the suicide rate is increased by 2–3%. Lastly, for every 1000 US dollar increase in the GDP per capita, suicide rates are reduced by 2% (RR = 0.98 [0.98–0.98]), corresponding to a reduction of 14,000–15,000 suicide deaths per year globally.ConclusionsMales who have lost their jobs in adulthood are those at higher risk of suicide and to whom financial support measures should be delivered in a timely manner.
Measuring Partisan Media Bias Cross‐Nationally
Authors: Castro Laia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPartisan media bias has been difficult to operationalize, and it rarely has been analyzed cross‐nationally. This study presents new measures of media bias and applies them to data covering 24 EU countries. To build the measures, we employ two benchmarks of political balance—objectivity and neutrality. We rely on cross‐national content data on parties' visibility from 13'893 mentions in news stories, 530 expert evaluations on party favorability of media outlets, and survey data on media audiences' partisan preferences from 24'068 individuals. Scores are used to assess partisan media bias at country, outlet, and party levels.
Characterization of the cutaneous mycobiota in Persian cats with severe dermatophytosis
Authors: Myers Alexandra N. , Older Caitlin E. , Diesel Alison B. , Lawhon Sara D. , Rodrigues Hoffmann Aline 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPersian cats are predisposed to chronic and severe dermatophytosis. Alterations to the cutaneous microbiota are one potential contributor to this predisposition.ObjectivesTo characterise the cutaneous and environmental fungal microbiota of Persian cats with chronic, severe dermatophytosis, and to compare the fungal microbiota of cats with and without dermatophytosis.AnimalsThirty‐six client‐owned cats, including 26 Persian cats and 10 domestic long hair (DLH) cats.Methods and materialsSkin and home environment swabs were collected from Persian cats with severe, chronic dermatophytosis as well as groups of healthy control cats (Persian and DLH). Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region was performed in addition to ITS1 quantitative PCR and fungal culture.ResultsNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) targeting the fungal ITS region detected Microsporum sp. DNA from all Persian cats diagnosed with dermatophytosis and from environmental samples of their homes. A significant difference in community structure was identified between cases and controls, largely resulting from the Microsporum spp. DNA in samples from affected cats. Persian cats with dermatophytosis do not exhibit decreased fungal diversity. NGS failed to identify dermatophyte DNA on two culture‐positive asymptomatic Persian controls and identified Trichophyton rubrum DNA from a culture‐negative asymptomatic Persian control.ConclusionsAside from M. canis, our results indicate that an underlying fungal dysbiosis is not likely to play a role in development of dermatophytosis in Persian cats. Other explanations for predisposition to this disease, such as a primary immunodeficiency, ineffective grooming or unique features of Persian cat hair should be investigated.
Treatment of canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma with oclacitinib: a case report
Authors: Aslan Jeylan , Shipstone Michael A. , Sullivan Louise M. 
Published: May 2021

Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma (CETL) is associated with a poor prognosis and without consistently beneficial treatment options. This case report describes a 9‐year‐old Staffordshire bull terrier with CETL treated with oclacitinib (0.7 mg/kg twice daily), resulting in partial remission that was maintained for three months. Further studies are warranted.