bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on the processing–morphology–property relationship in biodegradable polymer composites containing carbon nanotubes and nanofibers
Authors: Motloung Mpho Phillip , Mofokeng Tladi Gideon , Ojijo Vincent , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarbon nanofillers containing biodegradable polymer composites have become an emerging frontier in materials science and engineering because of their potential as environmentally friendly materials in multiple applications, from load‐bearing to advanced packaging to biomedical applications. Herein, we present the effect of processing parameters on the final morphology and the resulting properties of the biodegradable polymer composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Various strategies can be employed to develop such composites; however, the type of morphology, which results during processing, significantly affects the final properties of the obtained composites. Therefore, various processing strategies such as melt‐blending, additive manufacturing, and electrospinning are critically reviewed, together with the potential applications in load‐bearing, tissue engineering, electromagnetic shielding, gas sensing, and packaging. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and future directions in designing CNTs/CNFs containing biodegradable polymer composites with desired properties.
GABA receptor associated protein changes the electrostatic environment around the GABA type A receptor
Authors: Irwin Benedict W. J. , Wanjura Clara C. , Molnar Daniel , Rutter Michael J. , Payne Michael C. , Chau P.‐L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have performed fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the intracellular domain of a model of the GABAA receptor with and without the GABA receptor associated protein (GABARAP) bound. We have also calculated the electrostatic potential due to the receptor, in the absence and presence of GABARAP. We find that GABARAP binding changes the electrostatic properties around the GABAA receptor and could lead to increased conductivity of chloride ions through the receptor. We also find that ion motions that would result in conducting currents are observed nearly twice as often when GABARAP binds. These results are consistent with data from electrophysiological experiments.
Incorporating label correlations into deep neural networks to classify protein subcellular location patterns in immunohistochemistry images
Authors: Hu Jin‐Xian , Yang Yang , Xu Ying‐Ying , Shen Hong‐Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnalysis of protein subcellular localization is a critical part of proteomics. In recent years, as both the number and quality of microscopic images are increasing rapidly, many automated methods, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN), have been developed to predict protein subcellular location(s) based on bioimages, but their performance always suffers from some inherent properties of the problem. First, many microscopic images have non‐informative or noisy sections, like unstained stroma and unspecific background, which affect the extraction of protein expression information. Second, the patterns of protein subcellular localization are very complex, as a lot of proteins locate in more than one compartment. In this study, we propose a new label‐correlation enhanced deep neural network, laceDNN, to classify the subcellular locations of multi‐label proteins from immunohistochemistry images. The model uses small representative patches as input to alleviate the image noise issue, and its backbone is a hybrid architecture of CNN and recurrent neural network, where the former network extracts representative image features and the latter learns the organelle dependency relationships. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed model can improve the performance of multi‐label protein subcellular classification.
Tree age and cultivar‐oriented use of mineral oil added to fungicide tank mixture for the control of citrus black spot in sweet orange orchards
Authors: Silva Junior Geraldo José , Moraes Mário Roberto , Moreira Rafaele Regina , Behlau Franklin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMineral oil added to fungicide spray mixtures has been a frequently used strategy to control citrus black spot (CBS) worldwide. Although mineral oil may increase the efficacy of control, its use represents around 15% of the costs of a CBS spray program. This study aimed to assess the performance of different proportions of mineral oil added to a fungicide tank mixture for CBS control in young (less than 10 years old) and old (more than 12 years old) sweet orange orchards of early (‘Hamlin’), mid‐season (‘Pera’) and late‐maturing (‘Valencia’) cultivars in São Paulo state, Brazil. The efficacy of 0.15%, 0.20% or 0.25% mineral oil added to a fungicide spray mixture was determined by assessing CBS incidence, severity and fruit drop in six orchards over two seasons.RESULTSFungicide programs with or without oil were effective in reducing 100% CBS symptom expression in both young and old ‘Hamlin’ orchards and in the young ‘Pera’ orchard. The lowest mineral oil rate tested (0.15%) showed a reduction in CBS intensity of around 90%, similar to the highest rate tested in the old ‘Pera’ orchard. The highest cost–benefit program to control CBS in the old ‘Valencia’ orchard was obtained with the mineral oil rate of 0.25%, commonly used in the São Paulo citrus belt, which reduced CBS severity by up to 97%.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that mineral oil rates for CBS control can be adjusted according to tree age and cultivar. These findings contribute to the establishment of more sustainable citrus production by reducing spray costs while maintaining the efficacy of CBS control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preview control for uncertain discrete‐time periodic systems
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Yaofeng , Liao Yonglong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article concerns the designing observer‐based feedback preview control and static output feedback preview control for linear uncertain discrete‐time periodic systems subject to previewable reference signal. First, a difference operator approach and a state augmentation technique are employed to derive an augmented error system. Second, considering the state unmeasured and previewable reference signal, a state observer and a preview controller are designed to achieve signal tracking performance. Then, by the Lyapunov stability theory, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the closed‐loop systems in linear matrix inequality form. Finally, two numerical simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Preservice science teachers' sociopolitical consciousness: Analyzing descriptions of culturally relevant science teaching and students
Authors: Jones Britney L. , Donaldson Morgaen L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractScience education reforms aimed at narrowing racial achievement gaps often call for educators to make their instruction more inclusive and relevant to students' lives. Culturally Relevant Science Teaching (CRST) requires teachers to develop students' sociopolitical consciousness (SPC) in science, yet little is known about if and how science teachers are enacting this component. Additionally, little research has explicitly examined science teachers' SPC. This study explores the extent to which 10 preservice science teachers describe and report implementing the tenets of CRST in their student teaching placements and examines their SPC. We found that most participants mentioned academic success (the first tenet) and cultural competence (the second tent) in their descriptions of CRST implementation, but only two participants described developing students' SPC (the third tenet). Additionally, we found that the two participants who alluded to developing students' SPC also exhibited a higher level of personal SPC. This key finding supports the theoretical assertion that science teachers' SPC shapes their capacity to fully enact CRST. Our findings underscore the need for teacher educators to cultivate preservice teachers' SPC in science education programs.
Benzo[1,2‐c;4,5‐cʹ]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole‐porphyrin‐based near‐infrared dyes
Authors: Liu Yi , Wu Shaofei , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Wu Jishan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBenzo[1,2‐c;4,5‐cʹ]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (BBT) has intrinsic diradical character and herein it is used to construct organic near‐infrared (NIR) dyes together with the aromatic porphyrin unit. Three BBT‐porphyrin hybrid dyes 1–3 with different linkage modes are synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling between meso‐ethynylene porphyrin units and monobromo‐/dibromo‐ BBT, or through unexpected homocoupling between the BBT units. They all possess small open‐shell diradical character and display intense NIR absorption in the range of 800–1000 nm. They also exhibit amphoteric redox behavior. BBT‐based diradicaloids are thus good candidates for organic NIR dyes.
Quashing demand or changing clients? Evidence of criminalization of sex work in the United Kingdom
Authors: Della Giusta Marina , Di Tommaso Maria Laura , Jewell Sarah , Bettio Francesca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of regulation of sex work is undergoing sweeping changes across Europe and client criminalization is becoming very widespread, with conflicting claims about the intended and actual consequences of this policy. We discuss changes in demand for paid sex accompanying the criminalization of prostitution in the United Kingdom, which moved from a relatively permissive regime under the Wolfenden Report of 1960, to a much harder line of aiming to crack down on prostitution with the Prostitution (Public Places) Scotland Act 2007 and the Policing and Crime Act of 2009 in England and Wales. We make use of two waves of the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (NATSAL2, conducted in 2000–2001 and NATSAL3, conducted in 2010–2012) to document the changes in both the amount of demand for paid sex and in the type of clients that have taken place across the two waves, and their possible implications for policies that frame prostitution as a form of crime.
Building on ELA Vocabulary Instruction to Develop Language Resources
Authors: Avalos Mary A. , Bengochea Alain , Malova Irina , Massey Susan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article provides a “snapshot” of fourth grade English Language Arts (ELA) vocabulary instruction before and after implementation of college and career readiness standards. Our exploratory study's findings demonstrate the instructional shifts for teaching deep vocabulary knowledge as required by college and career readiness standards, including a greater frequency of oral discussions. Many emergent bilinguals are placed in classrooms where English‐medium instruction is the norm, preventing them from using their home language to make meaning and actively participate in the classroom; this stymies language learning and limits opportunities for developing deep vocabulary knowledge. Instructional strategies that build on the ELA vocabulary directives are suggested using a translanguaging perspective to develop emergent bilinguals’ language and vocabulary knowledge. These instructional suggestions can be implemented by all teachers serving bilingual learners, including those who are not bilingual in Englishmedium settings.
Performance evaluation of modified fabricated cotton membrane for oil/water separation and heavy metal ions removal
Authors: Abdel‐Hakim Ahmed , Abdella Amira H. , Sabaa Magdy W. , Gohar Hoda Y. , Mohamed Riham R. , Tera Ferial M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreparation of effective membrane with special surface treatment for oil/water separation having promising future and low manufacturing cost. The suggested membrane was fabricated by a simple treatment via increasing the hydrophilicity of the cotton fabric surface. The cotton fabric was impregnated in poly(acrylic acid‐co‐N‐methylol acrylamide), poly(AA‐co‐NMA), where NMA acts as bonding agent. Sodium hypophosphite (SHP) was added to the modification solution to enhance the bonding between the cotton fabric and the PAA. The modified fabric was thermally dried and cured at different temperatures. It was found that, the presence of 3.5% NMA and addition of 5% SHP to the modification solution then curing at 190°C gave the highest amount of bonded PAA to the cotton fabric. The success of the modification process was confirmed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transformer infrared and the increase in the contact angle of the cotton fabric after modification. Furthermore, the prepared membrane was evaluated for oil (n‐hexane, toluene, and petroleum ether)/water separation and also for heavy metal ions removal (Cd2+ and Co2+). Neutralization of the produced membrane with ammonium hydroxide resulting in a higher contact angle and consequently higher separation efficiency for oil/water mixtures and higher performance for heavy metal ions removal compared to the unneutralized one.
Comparing the performance of machine learning algorithms for remote and in situ estimations of chlorophyll‐a content: A case study in the Tri An Reservoir, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hao Quang , Ha Nam Thang , Nguyen‐Ngoc Lam , Pham Thanh Luu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) is one of the most important indicators of the trophic status of inland waters, and its continued monitoring is essential. Recently, the operated Sentinel‐2 MSI satellite offers high spatial resolution images for remote water quality monitoring. In this study, we tested the performance of the three well‐known machine learning (ML) (random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], and Gaussian process [GP]) and the two novel ML (extreme gradient boost (XGB) and CatBoost [CB]) models for estimation a wide range of Chl‐a concentration (10.1–798.7 μg/L) using the Sentinel‐2 MSI data and in situ water quality measurement in the Tri An Reservoir (TAR), Vietnam. GP indicated the most reliable model for predicting Chl‐a from water quality parameters (R2 = 0.85, root‐mean‐square error [RMSE] = 56.65 μg/L, Akaike's information criterion [AIC] = 575.10, and Bayesian information criterion [BIC] = 595.24). Regarding input model as water surface reflectance, CB was the superior model for Chl‐a retrieval (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 46.28 μg/L, AIC = 229.18, and BIC = 238.50). Our results indicated that GP and CB are the two best models for the prediction of Chl‐a in TAR. Overall, the Sentinel‐2 MSI coupled with ML algorithms is a reliable, inexpensive, and accurate instrument for monitoring Chl‐a in inland waters.Practitioner points

Machine learning algorithms were used for both remote sensing data and in situ water quality measurements.
The performance of five well‐known machine learning models was tested
Gaussian process was the most reliable model for predicting Chl‐a from water quality parameters
CatBoost was the best model for Chl‐a retrieval from water surface reflectance
Interactive, Orthogonal Hyperedge Routing in Schematic Diagrams Assisted by Layout Automatisms
Authors: Helmke Stefan , Goetze Bernhard , Scheffler Robert , Wrobel Gregor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSchematic diagrams are used in graph-based engineering systems. They focus mainly on the structure of the design object. Graph-based engineering systems help to solve a concrete design task. This is primarily realized by the application of domain-specific languages. The layout of schematic diagrams is of particular importance, and a neat representation is desirable. But automatically generated layouts cannot always fully match the intention of a modeler. To improve automatic layouts and enable a user-specific representation, an algorithm that allows interactive changes of the orthogonal hyperedge geometry was implemented. In this paper, we present this algorithm and give an overview of such interactions. Additionally, several reductions of the hyperedge geometry are shown. Furthermore, a local, automatic routing considering interactions on the hyperedge geometry is presented. The consideration of domain-specific semantics and the possibility of interactive changes is a new approach. All algorithms were implemented in a self-developed software framework.
Folgen von Leistungsbewertungen für ProfessorInnen: Drei Fallbeispiele
Authors: Janßen Melike , Schimank Uwe , Sondermann Ariadne 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel wendet sich der Verarbeitung der Strukturveränderungen im Hochschulsystem durch die ProfessorInnen zu: Wie werden diese Veränderungen, insbesondere als Leistungsbewertungen, von den ProfessorInnen mit Blick auf die je eigene Identität erfahren – als Identitätsbedrohungen oder Identitätschancen? Und wie gehen die ProfessorInnen dann mit beidem in ihren Forschungs- und Lehrpraktiken um? Zunächst stehen drei ausgewählte individuelle Fälle im Vordergrund. Sie dienen als ganzheitliche Rekonstruktionen dazu, die Komplexität und die vielfältigen Ambivalenzen der Identitätsbetroffenheit und -behauptung der ProfessorInnen im konkreten Einzelfall zu veranschaulichen. Hier kommt, neben den Wissenschaftsgebieten und den Karrierestufen, auch die organisationale Umsetzung der Reformen als weitere wichtige Determinante der Wirkungszusammenhänge ins Spiel. Diese Fälle zeigen wiederum, dass das im Mediendiskurs vorherrschende Stereotyp des reformverweigernden Professors viel zu simpel gestrickt ist.
Migrantenselbstorganisationen und ihre Einbettung in theoretische Diskurse
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungEs existiert keine offiziell anerkannte, wissenschaftliche Definition des Begriffs „Migrantenselbstorganisation“. Ludger Pries versteht darunter von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund aufgrund besonderer Lebenslagen, gemeinsamer Interessen und Wertvorstellungen gegründete relativ dauerhafte Kooperationszusammenhänge bzw. Organisationen, „(1) deren Ziele und Zwecke sich wesentlich aus der Situation und den Interessen von Menschen mit Migrationsgeschichte ergeben und (2) deren Mitglieder zu einem Großteil Personen mit Migrationshintergrund sind und (3) in deren internen Strukturen und Prozessen Personen mit Migrationshintergrund eine beachtliche Rolle spielen“.
Environmental Data-Driven Performance-Based Topological Optimisation for Morphology Evolution of Artificial Taihu Stone
Authors: Feng Z. , Gu P. , Zheng M. , Yan X , Bao D. W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTaihu stone is the most famous one among the top four stones in China. It is formed by the water's erosion in Taihu Lake for hundreds or even thousands of years. It has become a common ornamental stone in classical Chinese gardens because of its porous and intricate forms. At the same time, it has become a cultural symbol through thousands of years of history in China; later, people researched its spatial aesthetics; there are also some studies on its structural properties. For example, it has been found that the opening of Taihu stone caves has a steady-state effect which people develop its value in the theory of Poros City, Porosity in Architecture and some cultural symbols based on the original ornamental value of Taihu stone. This paper introduces a hybrid generative design method that integrates the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) techniques. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation enables architects and engineers to predict and optimise the performance of buildings and environment in the early stage of the design and topology optimisation techniques BESO has been widely used in structural design to evolve a structure from the full design domain towards an optimum by gradually removing inefficient material and adding materials simultaneously. This research aims to design the artificial Taihu stone based on the environmental data-driven performance feedback using the topological optimisation method. As traditional and historical ornament craftwork in China, the new artificial Taihu stone stimulates thinking about the new value and unique significance of the cultural symbol of Taihu stone in modern society. It proposes possibilities and reflections on exploring the related fields of Porosity in Architecture and Poros City from the perspective of structure.
A POI-Based Machine Learning Method for Predicting Residents’ Health Status
Authors: Cao Shicong , Zheng Hao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHealth environment is a key factor in public health. Since people’s health depends largely on their lifestyle, the built environment which supports a healthy living style is becoming more important. With the right urban planning decisions, it’s possible to encourage healthier living and save healthcare expenditures for the society. However, there is not yet a quantitative relationship established between urban planning decisions and the health status of the residents. With the abundance of data and computing resources, this research aims to explore this relationship with a machine learning method. The data source is from both the OpenStreetMap and American Center for Decease Control and Prevention (CDC). By modeling the Point of Interest data and the geographic distribution of health-related outcome, the research explores the key factors in urban planning that could influence the health status of the residents quantitatively. It informs how to create a built environment that supports health and opens up possibilities for other data-driven methods in this field.
Research on Epidemic Prevention and Management Measures in University Based on GIS and ABM – Taking South China University of Technology (Wushan Campus) as an Example
Authors: Chen Mingxi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevention and management of epidemic is a protracted war. As large community in city, universities are key regions in the anti-epidemic period. However, the current epidemic prevention and management measures in many universities do not compatible with the spatial form and the characteristics of the population, likely to lead to waste of resources and cause conflicts. The research simulates campus environment by constructing GIS model, and simulates the behavior of campus crowd by ABM. Under the coupling effect of the two, the real-time calculation of the spread of epidemic in universities can be calculated in real-time, making up for the deficiency of GIS model which can only do static data analysis. On this basis, research takes South China University of Technology as an example and assumes three epidemic prevention management measures, i.e. closed-off management, zoning management and self prevention, respectively to simulate the spread of the epidemic, sum up the results of different management measures and provide certain suggestions.
Environmentally Driven Aggregate Façade Systems
Authors: Cabrera Jauregui Pablo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEven though computer simulation of environmental factors and manufacturing technologies have experienced a fast development, architectural workflows that can take advantage of the possibilities created by these developments have been left behind and architectural design processes have not evolved at the same rate. This paper presents a design to fabrication workflow that explores data driven design to improve performance of facades, implementing for this purpose computational tools to handle environmental data complexity and proposes robotic fabrication technologies to facilitate façade components fabrication.