bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Ovarian Reserve in Women With Infertility and Euthyroidism: What Is the Role of Thyroid Autoimmunity?
Authors: Silva Diana Festas , Carvalho Tânia , Gomes Leonor , Paiva Isabel , Cortesão Paulo , Santos Teresa Almeida 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, and is associated with menstrual irregularities, anovulation and infertility. Whether it is thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity (AI) or both that affects functional ovarian reserve remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between functional ovarian reserve and thyroid AI in women with infertility in euthyroidism.Methods: retrospective study of women with infertility, in euthyroidism, followed in a Human Reproduction Department, between May 2016 and January 2020. TSH, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, anti-thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies were measured. Functional ovarian reserve was assessed by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels with antral follicle count (AFC) performed by endovaginal ultrasound. Women with at least one of the following criteria were excluded: prior thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine treatment, cervical surgery/radiotherapy, oophorectomy, malignant/autoimmune pathology, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, current pregnancy and current medication with levothyroxine, methimazole or propylthiouracil. Results with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: 730 women were evaluated, with mean age of 34.9±3.9 years, with positive thyroid AI (≥ 1 positive antibody) present in 14.8% of cases. Anti-TPO antibodies were positive in 11.0% of patients and anti-TG antibodies in 7.0%. Mean TSH level was 1.6±0.7 µIU/mL (NR: 0.4-4.0). Median body mass index (BMI) was 22.8 kg/m2 (IQR 5.1). Median AMH was 1.7ng/mL (IQR 2.1), and mean AFC was 10.2±6.3. Patients with positive and negative thyroid AI did not differ significantly with age (p=0.133), BMI (p=0.784], AFC (p=0.508) and AMH (p=0.825). TSH levels were significantly higher in the positive AI group (2.0±0.8 vs 1.5±0.7µIU/mL; p<0.001).In the univariate and multivariate analysis, only patient's age and AFC were predictive of AMH levels (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively). TSH levels, BMI and thyroid AI were not predictive of AMH levels.In regard to AFC, in the univariate analysis, only age was predictive (p<0.001). TSH levels, BMI and thyroid AI were not predictive of AFC.Conclusions: In this study we found that thyroid autoimmunity, in women with infertility and TSH levels in the normal range, apparently, do not have a predictive role for functional ovarian reserve.
On the paragenetic modes of minerals: A mineral evolution perspective
Authors: Hazen Robert M. , Morrison Shaunna M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA systematic survey of 57 different paragenetic modes distributed among 5659 mineral species reveals patterns in the diversity and distribution of minerals related to their evolving formational environments. The earliest minerals in stellar, nebular, asteroid, and primitive Earth contexts were dominated by relatively abundant chemical elements, notably H, C, O, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Fe. Significant mineral diversification subsequently occurred via two main processes, first through gradual selection and concentration of rarer elements by fluid-rock interactions (for example, in hydro-thermal metal deposits, complex granite pegmatites, and agpaitic rocks), and then through near-surface biologically mediated oxidation and weathering.We find that 3349 mineral species (59.2%) are known from only one paragenetic context, whereas another 1372 species (24.2%) are associated with two paragenetic modes. Among the most genetically varied minerals are pyrite, albite, hornblende, corundum, magnetite, calcite, hematite, rutile, and baryte, each with 15 or more known modes of formation.Among the most common paragenetic modes of minerals are near-surface weathering/oxidation (1998 species), subsurface hydrothermal deposition (859 species), and condensation at volcanic fumaroles (459 species). In addition, many species are associated with compositionally extreme environments of highly differentiated igneous lithologies, including agpaitic rocks (726 species), complex granite pegmatites (564 species), and carbonatites and related carbonate-bearing magmas (291 species). Biological processes lead to at least 2707 mineral species, primarily as a consequence of oxidative weathering but also through coal-related and other taphonomic minerals (597 species), as well as anthropogenic minerals, for example as byproducts of mining (603 minerals). However, contrary to previous estimates, we find that only ~34% of mineral species form exclusively as a consequence of biological processes. By far the most significant factor in enhancing Earth’s mineral diversity has been its dynamic hydrological cycle. At least 4583 minerals—81% of all species—arise through water-rock interactions.A timeline for mineral-forming events suggests that much of Earth’s mineral diversity was established within the first 250 million years. If life is rare in the universe, then this view of a mineralogically diverse early Earth provides many more plausible reactive pathways over a longer timespan than previous models. If, however, life is a cosmic imperative that emerges on any mineral- and water-rich world, then these findings support the hypothesis that life on Earth developed rapidly in the early stages of planetary evolution.
Using cathodoluminescence to identify oscillatory zoning of perthitic K-feldspar from the equigranular Toki granite
Authors: Yuguchi Takashi , Nonaka Mai , Suzuki Satoshi , Imura Takumi , Nakashima Kazuo , Nishiyama Tadao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For the first time, cathodoluminescence (CL) was used to show oscillatory zoning in perthitic K-feldspars from the equigranular Toki granite, central Japan. Based on the CL patterns, two types of zoning are identified: single core oscillatory zoning (SCOZ) and multiple core oscillatory zoning (MCOZ). The SCOZ is defined by oscillatory zoning around a single-crystal core within the K-feldspar crystal, whereas the MCOZ depicts two or more such crystal cores. The crystal cores displayed in CL images reflect the nucleation parts of magmatic K-feldspar. The existence of MCOZ patterns in K-feldspars indicates multiple nuclei. CL patterns reveal crystal growth behavior of magmatic K-feldspar in the equigranular Toki granite. CL intensities are positively correlated with titanium and barium concentrations, indicating that the CL variations depend on two factors: (1) titanium concentration as a CL activator and (2) density of Al-O−-Al structural defects. The analysis of CL images revealed that albite-rich phases in microperthite and patchperthite with low-luminescence intensities cut across the CL bands of the oscillatory zoning, indicating that the oscillatory zoning in the orthoclase-rich host phase of K-feldspar was not perturbed by the formation of microperthite and patchperthite in the post-crystallization stage. The luminescence intensities of albite-rich phases in patchperthite are lower than those in microperthite, which is due to the differences in titanium and barium concentrations between them. In the post-crystallization stage, the mass transfer of titanium and barium occurred during the formation of microperthite and patchperthite. Therefore, the difference in the luminescence intensities between microperthite and patchperthite lamellae reflects their different formation mechanisms between exsolution coarsening and dissolution-precipitation coarsening. In summary, CL analyses can be used for the evaluation of the nucleation and growth not only of anhedral K-feldspar crystals in equigranular granite but also of K-feldspar phenocrysts/megacrysts in porphyritic granite. It can reveal the spatial extent of element partitioning between the melt and crystal, along with that of mass transfer from the melt into crystals during the magma evolution. Moreover, the CL analyses can also be used for the interpretation of K-feldspar textural development during the post-crystallization stage.
Numerical Study on the Characteristics of Air Flows through Helmet Bicycle Racing Using the Effect of Variation of Trailing Edge
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri , Maulana Hasan Syafik , Syarifuddin Achmad 
Published: August 2021

Research on aerodynamics on racing bicycles always develops from time to time. The various geometry of a time-trial helmet produces different characteristics of fluid flow, this is due to the relative movements of air that are in the area throughout the body shape of the helmet. Basically the fluid flow that passes on a racing bicycle helmet will produce a drag force, where this must be minimized in order to hinder the pace of drivers to achieve maximum speed, so drivers should pay attention to how to design the geometry of helmet that should be used. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to simulate the case studies in this research. In this study, four kinds of models trailing edge geometry was varied to determine where the most optimal in accepting the drag force. The validation was also conducted to determine the suitability of this study with prior research, where in this validation the results of this study are compared with the research owned (Sims and Jenkins, 2011). The results of this validation show that the resulting drag coefficient has a very small difference of 0.001. The four models are simulated with Reynold number values of 7.14 × 104, 1.00 × 105, and 1.16 × 105. The results of this study indicate that with differences in the geometry of the trailing edge affect the drag force that occurs. From the research result when Reynold 7.0 x 10 ^ 4, the drag force produced by model 3 is bigger than model 1 and 2 which is equal to 0.182 N. Whereas on Reynold which is bigger 1.16 x 10 ^ 5 model 3 receives drag smaller than model 1 and 2 which is equal to 0.283 N. In the world of bicycle racing, the difference in the small drag force affects the speed of the bicycle and affects the resulting victory.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL MATA KULIAH ELEKTRONIKA DASAR II MATERI ROBOTIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN DAN PENGETAHUAN
Authors: Nehru Nehru , Aldi Ahmad , Basuki Fibrika Rahmat 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain Modul Elektronika Dasar II pada materi robotika dan mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan yang menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu ahli materi, ahli media serta 21 mahasiswa. Instrument yang digunakan adalah lembar wawancara, lembar validasi serta lembar angket persepsi. Teknik analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif dan data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriftif. Hasil penelitian ini berupa modul cetak yang berisi materi tentang dasar robotika, piranti pengendali, mikrokontroler dan aktuator. Modul dilengkapi dengan kegiatan belajar mandiri merancang projek sederhana. Hasil validasi ahli materi diperoleh skor 84 dengan kategori baik dan hasil validasi ahli media diperoleh skor 109 dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil persepsi mahasiswa terhadap modul diperoleh skor 1280 dengan kategori baik.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING MELALUI METODE TALKING STICK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP GERAK LURUS
Authors: Dani Rahma , Latifah Nindi Ayu , Putri Septiona Anggela 
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman konsep gerak lurus melalui pembelajaran berbasis discovery learning melalui metode talking stick. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif eksploratif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MIA 1 SMA Islam Al-Falah Jambi sebanyak 29 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes pemahan konsep, lembar observasi keterampilan peserta didik dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Peserta didik mengikuti pembelajaran discovery learning melalui metode talking stick pada materi gerak lurus. Peserta didik antusias untuk menjawab pertanyaan, mengemukakan pendapat, dan memberikan tanggapan terhadap jawaban teman. Hasil tes pemahaman konsep diperoleh rata-rata 77,80. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis discovery learning melalui metode talking stick dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep Gerak Lurus.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TIME TOKEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA DI KELAS XE SMA NEGERI 3 MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Suwondo Suwondo , Darmaji Darmaji , Astalini Astalini 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan hasil belajar melalui pembelajaran kooperatif tipe time token. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas XE SMAN 3 Muaro Jambi. Instrument pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi siswa dan guru selama kegiatan proses serta tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan aktivitas siswa dari siklus I yaitu, 68,37% menjadi 71,75% pada siklus II dan 74,06% pada siklus III. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus yaitu, 63,03 untuk siklus I menjadi 70,00 untuk siklus II dan 76,86 untuk siklus III. Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Time Token dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi suhu dan kalor di Kelas XE SMA Negeri 3 Muaro Jambi.
إدارة نظام الجودة الشاملة في الجامعات العراقية
Authors: Aljaff Jawan H. , Majeed Ahmed J. 
Published: August 2021

أن الكثير من الجامعات العراقية وكذلك جامعات إقليم كوردستان بدأت بشكل واضح في استخدام نظام الجودةالشاملة ( Total Quality Management) ، ولكن كانت بانتظارها مجموعة من المعوقات النظرية والعملية على حد سواء، من خلال وجود القوانين والتعليمات التي تتعارض مع نظام الجودة. وهدفت هذه الدراسة الى توضيح مفاهيم الجودة ومعايير وأساليب تطبيقها وأهمية شمولها في جميع مفاصل المؤسسة والجامعة. وذلك من خلال الإجابة عن السؤال التالي (ماهي الطريقة الأفضل لتجاوز المعوقات أمام تطبيق نظام الجودة الشاملة في الجامعات العراقية ؟). وتم استخدام استبانة مكونة من 52 فقرة موزعة على 8 محاور رئيسية ، ومن نتائج البحث إن محوري القيادة و الإتصالات من أكثر المحاور جودة و يحتاج محور الآلات و المعدات الى إهتمام أكبر من قبل الإدارة اما بقية المحاورفكانت ضمن النظاق النموذجي . وفي ضوء النتائج تم وضع بعض التوصيات من أهمها تعزيز دور المؤسسات التعليمية و الأكاديمية في تبني و تطوير معايير محلية أو إقليمية بالإضافة الى تحديث القوانين و القرارات المحلية كي تتناسب مع معايير ضمان الجودة للقطاع التعليمي العالمية .
دور نظام الحكومة الاليكترونية في الاصلاح السياسي لمؤسسات ‏‏الدولة
Authors: Mahdi Inas D. 
Published: August 2021

يعد نظام الحكومة الاليكترونية مرحلة متقدمة من مراحل تطبيق برنامج معلوماتي معرفي شامل ولايمكن تطبيقها ابتداء وذلك لماتحتاجه من تهيئة على المستوى الفني والسياسي ‏والاقتصادي والتعليمي‎. ونظرا لما انتجته تقنية المعلومات والاتصالات من دقة في تعاملاتها المالية والاقتصادية وهو الاساس الذي تستند عليه الحكومة الاليكترونية، لذلك فان بامكانها ان تسهم ‏بشكل مباشر في تحسين مستوى الاصلاح السياسي في مؤسسات الدولة‎ .‎وبما ان قضية الاصلاح السياسي لمؤسسات الدولة وخاصة مؤسسات القطاع العام تعد من القضايا ذات الاهتمام البالغ بالنسبة للباحثين السياسيين والاداريين على حد ‏سواء فان البحث يحاول ان يجد ارتباطا منطقيا بين تطور العمل الاداري اليكترونيا وصولا الى مقومات تطبيق نظام الحكومة الاليكترونية لمؤسسات الدولة واعتمادها كنسق ‏روتيني في تعاملاتها اليومية والربط بين تحقيق اصلاح اداري وسياسي شامل دون الحاجة الى بذل مزيد الجهود في تغيير القيادات الادارية والسياسية والتي يصعب التنبؤ ‏بسلوكها الاصلاحي داخل مؤسسات الدولة ، كذلك فان ماتوفره الحكومة الاليكترونية من نظام رقابي متقدم وحيادي الى حد كبير ينهي ماتعاني منه انظمة الرقابة السياسية ‏والادارية من خلل وتحيز ومحسوبية في تقييم اداء مؤسسات الدولة‎.‎ وعليه فان البحث يؤكد على محاولة اثبات فرضية اساسية تتعلق بوجود علاقة ايجابية بين تطوير نظام الحكومة الاليكترونية وزيادة الاصلاح السياسي في مؤسسات الدولة ، ‏وذلك من خلال التاكيد على مجموعة من المعطيات الاساسية التي تربط بين متغيري البحث والتي سيجري مناقشتها بصورة تفصيلية عبر مراحل البحث
مستوى الطموح وعلاقته بالتوافق المهني لدى اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة جيهان الأهلية / اربيل
Authors: Saeed Dashne A. , Ali Sinaa A. 
Published: August 2021

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على مستوى الطموح (المرتفع-المنخفض) لدى اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في الجامعة والتعرف على طبيعة العلاقة الارتباطية بين مستويات الطموح (المرتفع-المنخفض) والتوافق المهني لدى اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في الجامعة . ولتحقيق اهدافه البحث تم الاعتماد على مقياس مستوى الطموح و التوافق المهني وبأتباع المنهج الوصفي، وقد اختيرت عينة البحث بطريقة عشوائية بسيطة حيث بلغت (٥١) عضو هيئة تدريس في جامعة جيهان الأهلية/اربيل. وتم تحليل النتائج باستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS)، وتوصل البحث الى النتائج التالية: أن أغلبية أساتذة الجامعة يتمتعون بمستوى طموح مرتفع. لا توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين مستوى الطموح والتوافق المهني لدى أساتذة الجامعة وكذلك لا توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين مستويات الطموح (المرتفع-المنخفض) والتوافق المهني لدى أساتذة الجامعة.
Entre el acercamiento y la desconfianza. La radio en la revista Caras y Caretas en la década de 1930
Authors: Martinez Almudevar Paula 
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo indaga sobre los vínculos y las negociaciones que la sección radial del magazine Caras y Caretas configuró en torno a la radio durante la década de 1930, período marcado por el proceso de consolidación de la radiofonía en Argentina. Se propone abordar la sección Radio de dicha revista y reconstruir los múltiples diálogos y sentidos conformados sobre el desarrollo del fenómeno radial y las vinculaciones de la prensa gráfica con el nuevo medio. Podemos afirmar que la sección Radio contenía diálogos variados, en diversos planos y entre diferentes actores, en correspondencia con los múltiples intereses que reunían a lectores y redactores en una misma sección. Esto generó un pacto de lectura donde los intereses de las lectoras y los lectores debían ser tenidos en cuenta. El movimiento desde la crítica, la desconfianza y el supuesto “desinterés” hacia la firma de un contrato con la propia Radio Belgrano permite identificar la importancia que la radio tenía en la sociedad porteña de los años treinta y también cómo los intereses económicos y comerciales comenzaron a relacionar diferentes industrias culturales, como lo es la prensa escrita.
Perceived effectiveness of adaptation strategies to climate change among rice farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria: Implication for rice production
Authors: Orifah Martins Olusegun , Sani Mohammed Hussaini , Nasiru Murtala , Ibrahim Abdul Abu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study assessed rice farmers’ perceived effectiveness of adaptation strategies to climate change in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 183 respondents from whom data were collected using questionnaires. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Pearson Correlation. Majority of the respondents were males (98%), married (90%) and had formal education (66.1%) with a mean age of 41 years. On the overall, more than half (56.3%) of the respondents perceived the effectiveness level of adaptation strategies to climate change to be low, whereas 43.7% perceived it to be high. Insufficient farm credit, high cost of raw materials, inadequate capital, high cost of labour, limited access to land and inadequate information on weather were the main constraints to adaptation to climate change. The inferential analysis revealed that years of farming experience (r = 0.172, p = 0.020), membership of cooperative (χ
2 = 4.207, p = 0.047) and level of education (χ
2 = 9.570, p = 0.023) and extension contact (χ
2 = 14.270, p = 0.000) were significantly associated with respondents’ perceived effectiveness of adaptation strategies to climate change. Efforts should be made to sensitise farmers on the efficacy, appropriateness and applicability of adaptation strategies to foster favourable perception that will trigger positive attitude and subsequent adoption of the strategies where applicable. Government should implement policies that support farmers’ access to credit facilities that is intended to help enhance farmers’ capacity to build resilience. Farmers should be encouraged to take up membership of farm base associations so as to enjoy the benefits therein.
Strategi Pembelajaran Tari untuk Anak Usia Remaja di Sanggar Tari Kembang Sore
Authors: Yuliati Lia , Sarjiwo Sarjiwo , Octavianingrum Dilla 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan mendeskripsikan strategi pembelajaran yang diterapkan pada pembelajaran tari untuk anak usia remaja di Sanggar Tari Kembang Sore (STKS). Pembelajaran tari untuk anak usia remaja di menjadi salah satu wadah bagi perkembangan anak usia remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah pelatih dan peserta didik STKS Cabang Bantul dan Ranting Kalasan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Teknik validasi data yang digunakan yaitu triangulasi sumber data dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan strategi pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang ditetapkan oleh STKS Pusat. Pembelajaran tari untuk anak usia remaja di Cabang Bantul menggunakan strategi pembelajaran kontekstual. Ranting Kalasan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri dan kooperatif. Strategi Pembelajaran yang dipilih sudah tepat karena dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak dalam memaknai serta menjiwai tari sesuai tujuan pembelajaran. This study aims to reveal and describe the learning strategies applied to dance lessons for adolescent students at STKS. Dance learning for adolescent students is one of the forums for adolescent students' development. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The data sources of this research are the trainers and students of STKS Bantul and Kalasan Branches. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. The data validation technique used is a triangulation of data sources and methods. The results showed that the use of learning strategies was adjusted to the learning objectives set by the Central STKS. Dance learning for teenagers in Bantul Branch uses contextual learning strategies. Branch Kalasan uses inquiry and cooperative learning strategies. The learning strategy chosen is appropriate because it can increase children's creativity in interpreting and animating dance according to learning objectives.
APLIKASI DAGING ANALOG BERBAHAN DASAR UMBI KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) DAN ISOLAT PROTEIN KEDELAI PADA PEMBUATAN SOSIS
Authors: Lindriati Triana , Masahid Ardiyan Dwi , Daroini Ike Khasanatut 
Published: August 2021

Sosis merupakan salah satu produk pangan yang biasanya berbahan dasar daging. Pengembangan sosis dan daging analog berbahan umbi kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) dan isolat protein kedelai berpotensi menyediakan sosis sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan daging analog dengan perbandingan jumlah daging analog dan daging ayam yang ditambahkan dalam pembuatan sosis terhadap karakteristik organoleptik, fisik dan kimia sosis. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah organoleptik ( warna, rasa, tekstur, aroma dan keseluruhan), fisik (warna, tekstur dan kenampakan irisan) dan kimia (kadar air, abu, lemak, protein dan karbohidrat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan daging analog berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter fisik, kimia serta organoleptik. Sampel yang memiliki nilai organoleptik mendekati 100% daging ayam, yang dilihat dari sifat organoleptik seperti warna, rasa, aroma, tekstur, kenampakan serta keseluruhan yaitu sampel dengan penambahan daging analog sebesar 25% dan 50%. Sosis yang dihasilkan secara keseluruhan memiliki warna dengan kecerahan sebesar 59,63 - 65,63, tekstur sebesar 48,85%-60,8%, kadar air sebesar 56,09%-57,18%, kadar abu sebesar 0,92%-1,23%, kadar protein sebesar 15,22%-26,5%, kadar lemak sebesar 12,89%-17,91% dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 3,27%-8,76%.