bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition as a factor of health programming (literature review)
Authors: Вялкова А. А. , Плотникова С. В. , Зыкова Л. С. , Любимова О. К. , Гордиенко Л. М. , Зорин И. В. , Мещерякова А. И. 
Published: June 2021

В обзоре литературы представлены современные данные о влиянии некоторых нутриентов на профилактику неинфекционных заболеваний (метаболических заболеваний, фоновых состояний, аллергической патологии) у детей. Для детей грудного возраста эталоном вскармливания является грудное молоко, обеспечивающее рост и развитие ребенка. Представлены данные о влиянии пребиотических свойств олигосахаридов грудного молока и микробиоты кишечника на рост, развитие и состояния здоровья ребенка. Освещены вопросы «программирования» метаболизма при рациональном адаптированном питании в период грудного и раннего возраста, а также недоношенных детей, влияния питательных веществ на иммунитет, пищеварительную систему, костную ткань, развитие мозга и когнитивные функции. Оценены факторы, влияющие на развитие пищевой аллергии в детском возрасте. Для организации полноценного питания важен правильный выбор продукта специального состава, отвечающего особенностям детей конкретного возраста и характеру нарушенных обменных процессов.
The literature review presents current data on the effect of certain nutrients on the prevention of non-infectious diseases (metabolic diseases, background conditions, allergic pathology) in children. For infants, the standard of feeding is breast milk, which ensures the growth and development of the baby. The data on the influence of the prebiotic properties of breast milk oligosaccharides and intestinal microbiota on the growth, development and health of the child are presented. The issues of «programming» metabolism with rational adapted nutrition during infancy and early age, as well as premature infants, the effect of nutrients on immunity, the digestive system, bone tissue, brain development and cognitive functions are highlighted. The factors influencing the development of food allergy in childhood were evaluated. For the organization of good nutrition, it is important to choose the right product of a special composition that meets the characteristics of children of a particular age and the nature of disturbed metabolic processes. This literature review discusses the current understanding of the effect of certain nutrients in children on the prevention of a number of noncommunicable diseases. It is emphasized that the standard of feeding for young children is breast milk, which provides the child with everything necessary for his growth and development.
Statistical modelling and climate variability of compound surge and precipitation events in a managed water system: a case study in the Netherlands
Authors: Santos Víctor M. , Casas-Prat Mercè , Poschlod Benjamin , Ragno Elisa , van den Hurk Bart , Hao Zengchao , Kalmár Tímea , Zhu Lianhua , Najafi Husain 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The co-occurrence of (not necessarily extreme) precipitation and surge can
lead to extreme inland water levels in coastal areas. In a previous work the
positive dependence between the two meteorological drivers was demonstrated in
a managed water system in the Netherlands by empirically investigating an
800-year time series of water levels, which were simulated via a
physical-based hydrological model driven by a regional climate model large
ensemble. In this study, we present an impact-focused multivariate statistical framework
to model the dependence between these flooding drivers and the resulting
return periods of inland water levels. This framework is applied to the same
managed water system using the aforementioned large ensemble. Composite
analysis is used to guide the selection of suitable predictors and to obtain
an impact function that optimally describes the relationship between high
inland water levels (the impact) and the explanatory predictors. This is
complex due to the high degree of human management affecting the dynamics of
the water level. Training the impact function with subsets of data uniformly
distributed along the range of water levels plays a major role in obtaining an
unbiased performance. The dependence structure between the defined predictors is modelled using two-
and three-dimensional copulas. These are used to generate paired synthetic
precipitation and surge events, transformed into inland water levels via the
impact function. The compounding effects of surge and precipitation and the
return water level estimates fairly well reproduce the earlier results from
the empirical analysis of the same regional climate model ensemble. Regarding
the return levels, this is quantified by a root-mean-square deviation of
0.02 m. The proposed framework is able to produce robust estimates of
compound extreme water levels for a highly managed hydrological system. Even
though the framework has only been applied and validated in one study area, it
shows great potential to be transferred to other areas. In addition, we present a unique assessment of the uncertainty when using only
50 years of data (what is typically available from observations). Training the
impact function with short records leads to a general underestimation of the
return levels as water level extremes are not well sampled. Also, the marginal
distributions of the 50-year time series of the surge show high
variability. Moreover, compounding effects tend to be underestimated when
using 50-year slices to estimate the dependence pattern between
predictors. Overall, the internal variability of the climate system is
identified as a major source of uncertainty in the multivariate statistical
model.
ذاتية الصكوك الإسلامية - رؤية قانونية تطويرية
Authors: المجالي أحمد 
Published: June 2021

في عصرنا الحديث ازداد الاهتمام بالصكوك الإسلامية بشكل كبير، فأصبحت في وقتنا الحاضر الأداة الأهم لتمويل مختلف أنواع المشاريع، وكثُر الحديث، مؤخراً، عن ذاتيتها من الناحية القانونية، فالكثير يخلط بينها وبين الأسهم والسندات لاشتراكها ببعض أحكامهما، فمنهم من يكيّفها على أنها أسهم، ومنهم من يكيفها على أنها سندات، وهي ليست بهذه ولا بتلك، وهذا التباين في الآراء سببه الرئيس عدم وضوح طبيعتها القانونية واختلاف الآراء حول أشكالها المعتمدة قانوناً. لذلك تتمحور أهميةُ الدراسة في تحديد ذاتية الصكوك من الناحية القانونية دُون الخروج عن إطارها الشرعي، فالأبحاث القانونية التي تناولتْها قليلة جداً، أو قد تكون معدومة، فمعظم الدراسات المتعلقة بها تبحث في ماهيتها من الناحية الشرعية والاقتصادية، فهنالك شحٌ كبير في الأبحاث القانونية التي تناولتها. وتبرز إشكالية الدراسة في عدم وضوح ذاتية الصكوك من الناحية القانونية، من أجل ذلك يطرح البحث التساؤلات التالية: ما هي الطبيعة القانونية للصكوك الإسلامية؟ ما هو المركز القانوني لحامل الصك؟ ما هي الأشكال القانونية المعتمدة للصكوك الإسلامية؟ لجميع ما سبق، تهدف هذه الدراسة لإزالة الغموض الذي يحيط بذاتية الصكوك من الناحية القانونية، وتأطيرها التأطير القانوني الدقيق من خلال ترسيخ وتطوير بعض المفاهيم القانونية المتعلقة بها، واقتراح بعض الأحكام القانونية التي تساعد على تأصيلها التأصيل القانوني الصحيح. للوصول للأهداف السابقة تتبعنا المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي التحليلي، فوصفنا الواقع القانوني للصكوك، واستقراءنا الإشكاليات القانونية المرتبطة بذاتيها وبطبيعتها وأشكالها القانونية، ومن ثَمّ حللناها التحليل القانوني المبني على النصوص القانونية والشرعية، وخرجنا في النهاية بنتائج واقعية يمكن تطبيقها على أرض الواقع تبين ذاتية الصكوك الإسلامية من الناحية القانونية، وتؤصلها التأصيل القانوني. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلنا إليها هي: أن الطبيعة القانونية للصك تختلف تماماً عن الطبيعة القانونية لكلٍ من السهم والسند، وأن المركز القانوني لحامل الصك يختلف اختلافاً جذرياً عن المركز القانوني لحاملي السهم والسند، وأن هنالك العديد من أشكال الصكوك، إلا أنها ليست جميعها معتبرة من الناحية القانونية، لذلك أوصينا بوجوب تنظيم الطبيعة القانونية للصكوك الإسلامية وأشكالها تنظيماً قانونياً واضحاً، واقترحنا بعض الاقتراحات التي نأمل من المشرع عند تنظيمه لأحكامها الأخذ بها.
DİYABETİK AYAKTA ÖZ BAKIM DAVRANIŞI ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: BAKIR Ekrem , SAMANCIOGLU Sevgin 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Diyabetik Ayakta Öz Bakım Davranışı Ölçeği (Diabetes Foot Self-Care Behavior Scale-DFSBS) Türkçe Formu’nun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Bu araştırma metodolojik bir çalışmadır. Örnekleme; Haziran-Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında Gaziantep Üniversitesi Şahinbey Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları polikliniğine muayene olmak üzere gelen Tip 2 diyabet tanısıyla tedavi gören 330 hasta alınmıştır. Araştırmada etik kuruldan onay, ölçek sahibinden, kurumlardan ve hastalardan yazılı izin alınmıştır. Veriler; Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Diyabetik Ayakta Öz Bakım Davranışı Ölçeği Türkçe Formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri için korelasyon analizi, Cronbach alpha güvenirlik katsayısı, Kendall W testi, Kaiser Meyer Olkin ve Barlett’s Test ve açımlayıcı faktör analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin dil geçerliliğinde çeviri-geri çeviri yapılmıştır, içerik geçerliliğinde ise alınan uzman görüşlerinin uyumlu olduğu saptanmıştır (kendal uyuşum katsayısı W= 0.38, p
An archaeology of information landscapes?
Authors: Whitworth Andrew 
Published: June 2021

In its modern form, information literacy was named by Zurkowski (1974), but humans have been creating and using information landscapes since prehistory. Lloyd (2010, 9-10) describes these landscapes as “intersubjectively created spaces that have resulted from human interaction, in which information is created and shared and eventually sediments as knowledge.” It can be surmised that evidence of these landscapes, even from centuries ago, should be visible in the present, including the physical structures and associated graphical and discursive maps (Whitworth 2020) that help users navigate the space and communicate practices to others. This presentation discusses an archaeological study of information landscapes both ancient and modern, based on questions such as:
•What is the form of the landscape?
•What practices are evident within this landscape? How do these make learning possible?
•How is authority distributed over these practices?
•Who has stewarded the landscape?
•What knowledge ‘sediments out’ of these landscapes as they have been deposited?
•How have these landscapes been made sustainable?
Two landscapes will be examined in detail. First, medieval world maps, including the Map Room at the Vatican and the Mappa Mundi at Hereford, UK. These maps are oriented to helping users navigate not only the geographical landscape but the landscape of ecclesiastical authority and power. Second, the landscape emerging from the Legacies of British Slavery project (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/). This is an example of how research and mapping conducted in the present time has revealed landscapes that were significant, but obscured by politics and power, both 200 years ago and in the present. This study shows how archaeology, in its own right, is a significant expression of information literacy. In summary, investigating landscapes and maps in this way reveals how IL can be developed through a critical pedagogy of place (Gruenewald 2008).
Effect of Low-Energy Shockwave Therapy Versus Platelets Rich Plasma Therapy in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Sajjad Kumail , Sohail Muhammad , Momin Hafiz Abdul , Shafique Raja Asim , Nazir Muhammad , Ahmad Shabbir , Bashir Afzal , Rana Muhammad Asim , Ali Qurban , Hafeez Muhammad Mansoor 
Published: June 2021

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) and low-energy shock wave therapy (LESWT) have created a revolution in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, they are not able to restore the actual changes in the penis. An emerging new therapy called platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is believed to be more beneficial in treating ED. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of LESWT and PRP in treating ED. A total of sixty participants of pathological ED was included in the study and divided into two groups. Group A received the LESWT, whereas Group B received the PRP. The benefits were measured by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), an erection hardness score (EHS) and Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaires. The results of this analysis demonstrated a larger effect in treatment group B in percentage terms, but there were no statistical differences in the two groups. In the near future, PCP may be a new modality for treating ED, especially PDE5I non-respondents with organic ED. However, more extensive preclinical and applied research needs to be conducted.
Preparation and Evaluation of Extemporaneously Compounded Aspirin Capsules from Crushed Aspirin Tablets
Authors: Alfagih Iman M. , Aljaliel Lama S. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: Extemporaneous preparations of medications might bring about technical and clinical consequences due to formulation failures. Therefore, all such prepared formulas should undergo valid and reliable procedures supported by solid data. Otherwise, patients can experience significant risk due to microbial contamination or physical or chemical changes during the preparation process. Thus, effective extemporaneous preparation relies on correct calculations to avoid extra and serious harm. Therefore, because 50-mg aspirin capsules are not available in Saudi Arabia, this study aimed to formulate 50-mg capsules from available 100-mg aspirin tablets.
Methodology: Quality control tests of the preparations were carried out at the time of preparation and after one month of storage at 25 °C and at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity. All tests were carried out according to the British and United States pharmacopeia monograph of aspirin.
Results: The drug content assay and uniformity test indicated that the aspirin capsules were within the pharmacopeial limits. The disintegration time for all aspirin capsules was within the pharmacopeial limits of 30 minutes. The aspirin release profile showed that approximately 90% of the aspirin dissolved after 10 minutes.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the extemporaneous preparation of ASA capsules complied with the quality control tests for freshly prepared capsules and after one month of storage at room temperature and at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity. The dissolution profile of these capsules indicates immediate and high release of ASA, which is essential to ensure the required absorption. This study is of great importance for patients who need to take this dose of ASA. Pharmacists can prepare good-quality capsules with the desired ASA content using a 100-mg ASA tablet as a source of the active ingredient.
Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Vata Dosha in a Case of Gridhrasi (Sciatica) by Nadi Tarangini Device – A Case Study
Authors: Desai Pradeep G. , Dhule Mukund P. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative assessment of vata doshain a case of gridhrasi by nadi tarangini device.
Introduction: Ayurveda has an unique method of patient examination by ashtavidha pareeksha. i.e. nadi, mutra, mala, jivha, shabda, sparsha, drik and akruti. Amongst which examination of nadi becomes prominent examination which helps in better diagnosis of a disease/vyadhi.
Gridhrasi is shoola pradhana vataja nanatmaja vatavyadhi, affecting the back involving lower limb which hampers patient’s daily routine activity. Line of Management of gridhrasi includes siravyadha, bastikarma and agnikarma. Siravyadha and agnikarma are considered as instant pain relieving methods. Raktamokshana by siravyadha is considered to be ardha chikitsa according to Sushruta. Siravyadha is specially indicated in case of gridhrasi. It is a simple OPD level procedure affordable/economical to all categories of patients and time saving.
As siravyadha gives instant relief and gridhrasi is vataja nanatmaja vyadhi, it is easy for the assessment and understanding of reduction in symptoms by nadi tarangini device. Hence, in this case study an attempt is made to assess the quantitative and qualitative analysis of vata dosha before and after the procedure of siravyadha.
Case Study: A patient, 45 years old; he showed the main clinical signs and symptoms of gridhrasi came to our OPD, had a history of 2 years, and had worsened in the past two days. He underwent a careful examination and we recorded a detailed medical history. With all purva, pradhana and paschat karma, siravyadha procedure was done and nadi tarangini readings were taken before, after and on 10th day of siravyadha procedure.
Place and Duration of the Study: Study was conducted in ‘Sri Jain AGM Ayurved Medical College & Hospital, Varur-Hubballi (Karnatak). Study duration was 10 days.
Results: Patient got marked relief in subjective criteria i.e. stambha, toda, ruk, toda, spandana, gaurava and also in objective parameters i.e. straight leg raise test, lassegue’s test and Oswestry low back pain score. It was seen that, there was visible difference in the analysis of nadi tarangini report.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that, siravyadha gives better relief in gridhrasi. And it was found that nadi tarangini can be used to assess the dosha dushti and many other parameters.
Some Opportunistic Infections in Childhood: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment Methods
Authors: Gulieva Sabina Muradovna , Galina Muradovna Akhverdiyeva , Kalinin Eugeny , Mameeva Shirvan Emirovna , Harutyunyan Anna Agasievna , Kabanova Tatiana Alekseevna 
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the features of the emergence and development of the so-called opportunistic infections that occur in children with weakened immunity.
Such infections are often caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, fungi, and herpesviruses, and such infections can also develop in children who are treated with immunobiological drugs. Since these are serious and rapidly developing diseases, the diagnosis should be made at the earliest stages of the development of the disease and be based on the features of clinical phenomena described in the literature and anamnesis data indicating the presence of such infections. The earlier an infection is detected, the faster it will be possible to start appropriate therapy.
The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that, despite the improvement in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections in recent years, they still are a problem for pediatricians, who are not always able to diagnose them in time. Accordingly, the pediatrician should, in case of suspicion of the presence of such an infection in a child patient, contact specialists who have experience in their treatment in order to take timely measures to stop the development of the disease.
The aim of the study is to consider the features of some opportunistic infections in childhood, their causes, diagnosis, and treatment methods.
Synthesis, Analytical Characterization and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Some Heterocycles of Quinazolin-4(3H)one
Authors: Modh Pratik G. , Jasani Mitali H. , Patel Laxman J. 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one heterocycles were synthesized and assessed for their anti-diabetic activity. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin assay was carried out to identify their potential as anti-diabetic. The cyclization of quinazolinone-4(3H)-one heterocycles was achieved, whereas carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions were carried out using Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions and characterized with analysis. This synthesis method afforded corresponding 2, 3 and 6 substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (3a to 3m) with excellent yields.
Methods: 2-Amino-6-bromobenzoic acid was used as a substrate which was converted to corresponding benzamide derivatives (1a-1b) by reaction with benzylamine or cyclohexylamine using acid-amine reaction, followed by cyclization and oxidation using suitable aldehyde in DMSO under microwave condition to give bromo substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (2a-2c), which were cross coupled to suitable terminal alkyne with palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst using Sonogashira condition to obtain desired (3a-3h) and suitable boronic acid with palladium catalyst using Suzuki-Miyaura condition to obtain desired (3i-3m). All synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, proton NMR, LC-MS analysis and evaluated for in vitro anti-diabetic activity using non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin assay.
Results: Compounds 3m showed good inhibition of glycosylation of haemoglobin which in turn suggest good anti-oxidant potential on metabolism of glucose and hence lower glucose concentration. It showed IC50 value of 35.91±0.82 µg/mL which was comparable to the standard alpha tocopherol (34.47±0.87µg/mL).
Conclusion: In-vitro non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin method is one of important assays to judge the control of diabetes. The haemoglobin present in RBCs has an affinity to bind with glucose. The greater the glucose level in blood, more amount of glucose-bound (called glycosylated) haemoglobin will be formed. Accordingly, presence of lower concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin is a sure guide to the lower concentration of glucose in the blood. Synthesized compounds (3a-3m) lower the blood glucose level and 3m has highest potential among those which can be further developed as potent anti-diabetic.
Efficacy of Octreotide Versus Terlipressin along with Endoscopic Variceal Ligation (EVL) in Preventing Re-bleeding and Mortality in Acute Bleeding Esophageal Varices in Cirrhosis: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Lomte Sunayana , Acharya Sourya , Kirnake Vijendra 
Published: June 2021

Background: Octreotide and terlipressin are two pharmacologic drugs used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of acute esophageal variceal bleeding. Large enough clinical trial data is not available, in comparing the efficacy of octreotide versus terlipressin as an adjunct to EVL for control of variceal bleed. Still, there is a scarcity of data on which is the better efficient drug amongst terlipress in and octreotide to control 5 days rebleeding.
Aim: To compare efficacy of octreotide versus terlipressin in preventing the 6 weeks mortality (primary outcome) and 5 days rebleeding (secondary outcome) in cases of acute esophageal variceal bleeding.
Method: All the patients of cirrhosis of liver presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted in the Medicine Intensive Care Unit(MICU) at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) will be enrolled. In this Randomized Prospective study ,patients presenting with acute esophageal variceal bleed, after diagnostic endoscopy during a period of one year (august 2020 to july 2021) will be randomised into two group by simple randomisation with chits: Group A will receive Terlipressin while Group B will receive Octreotide for 5 days combined with esophageal variceal ligation. These two groups will be compared in terms of hemodynamic effects, child pugh score, MELD (Model for End stage Liver Disease) score to predict 6 weeks mortality as primary outcome and 5 day treatment failure as secondary outcome according to Bavino VI consensus statement.
Expected results: From our study we are anticipating that both octreotide and terlipressin will be equally efficacious in controlling the EVB when given along with EVL therapy and also there will be no difference in both the drugs in preventing 6 weeks mortality and 5 days rebleeding.
Conclusion: There will be no significant difference between Terlipressin and Octreotide in preventing 6 week mortality and 5 day rebleeding in bleeding esophageal varices when given along with EVL therapy.