bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder engagement, Csr development and Sdgs compliance: A systematic review from 2015 to 2021
Authors: López‐Concepción Arelys , Gil‐Lacruz Ana I. , Saz‐Gil Isabel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe conceptualization of the stakeholders of the companies for the fulfillment of the objectives of sustainable development is controversial, even more so, if it is approached from the perspective of corporate social responsibility and the psychology of the employees and their behavior. The existing literature and knowledge on the relationship among the stakeholder approach, corporate social responsibility and the achievement of the SDGs remain unstructured and fragmented. The objective of the manuscript is to identify and systematize scientific research on the stakeholder approach with respect to corporate social responsibility, in order to achieve business sustainability, in response to sustainable development goals and from the perspective of the well‐being of workers. Our main contribution to the literature review is to focus on all these issues together, and not in isolation. A systematic literature search is conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyzes (PRISMA). The approaches, issues and methodologies that predominate in the academic field in the last 5 years (2015–2021) were analyzed. Based on this review, we define a research agenda that synthesizes key trends and promising lines of research for further advancement of theoretical and empirical knowledge on the relationship among stakeholders, corporate social responsibility, and human resource management.
Understanding the Microstructure Formation of Polymer Films by Spontaneous Solution Spreading Coating with a High‐Throughput Engineering Platform
Authors: Wang Rong , Lüer Larry , Langner Stefan , Heumueller Thomas , Forberich Karen , Zhang Heyi , Hauch Jens , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn important step of the great achievement of organic solar cells in power conversion efficiency is the development of low‐band gap polymer donors, PBDB−T derivatives, which present interesting aggregation effects dominating the device performance. The aggregation of polymers can be manipulated by a series of variables from a materials design and processing conditions perspective; however, optimization of film quality is a time‐ and energy‐consuming work. Here, we introduce a robot‐based high‐throughput platform (HTP) that is offering automated film preparation and optical spectroscopy thin‐film characterization in combination with an analysis algorithm. PM6 films are prepared by the so‐called spontaneous film spreading (SFS) process, where a polymer solution is coated on a water surface. Automated acquisition of UV/Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra and automated extraction of morphological features is coupled to Gaussian Process Regression to exploit available experimental evidence for morphology optimization but also for hypothesis formulation and testing with respect to the underlying physical principles. The integrated spectral modeling workflow yields quantitative microstructure information by distinguishing amorphous from ordered phases and assesses the extension of amorphous versus the ordered domains. This research provides an easy to use methodology to analyze the exciton coherence length in conjugated semiconductors and will allow to optimize exciton splitting in thin film organic semiconductor layers as a function of processing.
Catalytic Reductive Alcohol Etherifications with Carbonyl‐Based Compounds or CO2 and Related Transformations for the Synthesis of Ether Derivatives
Authors: Lluna‐Galán Carles , Izquierdo‐Aranda Luis , Adam Rosa , Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEther derivatives have myriad applications in several areas of chemical industry and academia. Hence, the development of more effective and sustainable protocols for their production is highly desired. Among the different methodologies reported for ether synthesis, catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications with carbonyl‐based moieties (aldehydes/ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives) have emerged in the last years as a potential tool. These processes constitute appealing routes for the selective production of both symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers (including O‐heterocycles) with an increased molecular complexity. Likewise, ester‐to‐ether catalytic reductions and hydrogenative alcohol etherifications with CO2 to dialkoxymethanes and other acetals, albeit in less extent, have undergone important advances, too. In this Review, an update of the recent progresses in the area of catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications using carbonyl‐based compounds and CO2 have been described with a special focus on organic synthetic applications and catalyst design. Complementarily, recent progress made in catalytic acetal/ketal‐to‐ether or ester‐to‐ether reductions and other related transformations have been also summarized.
Vulnerable road user safety: A systematic review and mesh‐networking based vehicle ad hoc system using hybrid of neuro‐fuzzy and genetic algorithms
Authors: Altaf Insha , Kaul Ajay 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIntelligent Transport System (ITS) involves a number of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) interventions for efficient road safety management. Over the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the safety of Vulnerable Road Users (VRU's). This study aims to identify the most frequent, regularly occurring causes of road accidents and outline actions that can be used as a baseline for improving road traffic safety. The main contributions in this paper include the following: a graphical investigation for finding out the overall rate of road accidents (injuries and deaths) in India. Based on graphical analysis, major loopholes responsible for road accidents in India are summed up. This paper discusses various issues faced by already available pedestrian and vehicular safety techniques. After analysis of the available techniques and their related case studies in a systematic way, it is observed that they are not able to overcome the loopholes (Collision Occurrence, Traffic Congestion, Pedestrian Crossing alert, Red Light violation, and Non‐Propagation of Distress Signal) present in the current “Road Transport Management (RTM) System” of India. Finally, after deep analysis of already available techniques, a futuristic approach “Mesh‐Networking based Vehicle Ad‐Hoc System (MN‐VAS) using hybrid of Neuro‐Fuzzy and Genetic Algorithm based Load Balancing on Node” is proposed for the safety of VRU's. This hybrid approach has been discussed with domain experts for practical input, and we concluded that this might be a good option for better RTM System in India.
Comparative genetics of scyphozoan species reveals the geological history and contemporary processes of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mizrahi Gur A. , Shemesh Eli , Mizrachi Avia , Tchernov Dan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractJellyfish are useful genetic indicators for aquatic ecosystems as they have limited mobility and are highly exposed to the water column. By using comparative genomics and the molecular clock (timetree) ofRhizostoma pulmo, we revealed a divergence point between the East and West Mediterranean Sea (MS) populations that occurred 4.59 million years ago (mya). It is suggested that the two distinct ecological environments we know today were formed at this time. We propose that before this divergence, the highly mixed Atlantic and Mediterranean waters led to the wide dispersal of different species includingR. pulmo. At 4.59 mya, the Western and Eastern MS were formed, indicating the possibility of a dramatic environmental event. For the first time, we find that for the jellyfish we examined, the division of the MS in east and west is not at the Straits of Sicily as generally thought, but significantly to the east. Using genomics of theAureliaspecies, we examined contemporary anthropogenic impacts with a focus on migration of scyphozoa across the Suez Canal (Lessepsian migration).Aureliasp. is among the few scyphozoa we find in both the MS and the Red Sea, but our DNA analysis revealed that the Red SeaAureliasp. did not migrate or mix with MS species.Phyllorhiza punctataresults showed that this species was only recently introduced to the MS as a result of anthropogenic transportation activity, such as ballast water discharge, and revealed a migration vector from Australia to the MS. Our findings demonstrate that jellyfish genomes can be used as a phylogeographic molecular tool to trace past events across large temporal scales and reveal invasive species introduction due to human activity.
Climatic displacement exacerbates the negative impact of drought on plant performance and associated arthropod abundance
Authors: Croy Jordan R. , Pratt Jessica D. , Sheng Daniel , Mooney Kailen A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change is acting on species and modifying communities and ecosystems through changes not only with respect to mean abiotic conditions, but also through increases in the frequency and severity of extreme events. Changes in mean aridity associated with climate change can generate ecotype by environment mismatch (i.e., climatic displacement). At the same time, variability around these shifting means is predicted to increase, resulting in more extreme droughts. We characterized the effects of two axes of climate change, climatic displacement and drought, on the shrub Artemisia californica and its arthropods. We established common gardens of plants sourced along an aridity gradient (3.5‐fold variation in mean annual precipitation) in an arid region of the species distribution, thus generating a gradient of climatic displacement (sustained increase in aridity) as predicted with climate change. We surveyed plants and arthropods over eight years where precipitation varied sixfold, including both extreme drought and relatively mesic conditions. These two axes of climate change interacted to influence plant performance, such that climatically displaced populations grew slowly regardless of drought and suffered substantial mortality during drought years. Conversely, local populations grew quickly, increased growth during wet years, and had low mortality regardless of drought. Effects on plant annual arthropod yield were negative and additive, with drought effects exceeding that of climatic displacement by 24%. However, for plant lifetime arthropod yield, incorporating effects on both plant growth and survival, climatic displacement exacerbated the negative effects of drought. Collectively these results demonstrate how climatic displacement (through increasing aridity stress) strengthens the negative effects of drought on plants and, indirectly, on arthropods, suggesting the possibility of climate‐mediated trophic collapse.
Synthesis and Properties of BODIPY Appended Tetraphenylethylene Scaffolds as Photoactive Arrays
Authors: Sample Harry C. , Emandi Ganapathi , Twamley Brendan , Grover Nitika , Khurana Bhavya , Sol Vincent , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTetraphenylethylene (TPE) and its derivatives exhibit excellent aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. The TPE unit is easily accessible, and many functional groups can be introduced in a facile manner to yield effective luminescent materials in both solution and the solid‐state. It is because of this, several TPE‐based compounds have been developed and applied in many areas, such as OLEDs and chemical sensors. Boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are a class of pyrrolic fluorophore of great interest with myriad application in both material science and biomedical applications. Through the combination of Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions and traditional dipyrromethene chemistry, we present the syntheses of novel tetra‐BODIPY‐appended TPE derivatives with different distances between the TPE and BODIPY cores. The TPE‐BODIPY arrays 6 and 9 show vastly differing AIE properties in THF/H2O systems, with 9 exhibiting dual‐AIE, along with both conjugates being found to produce singlet oxygen (1O2). We presume the synthesized BODIPY‐appended TPE scaffolds to be utilized for potential applications in the fields of light‐emitting systems and theranostics.
Ultra‐sensitive Detecting OPs‐Isocarbophos Using Photoinduced Regeneration of Aptamer‐based Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Yu Mengdi , Chang Qing , Zhang Liangliang , Huang Zenghui , Song Chunxia , Chen Ying , Wu Xiangwei , Lu Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResidues related to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) may be hazardous to food and environmental safety. Isocarbophos (ICP) is one of the most highly toxic OPs that had been banned in China and strictly limited in many other countries for use on vegetables and fruits. However, illegal use often occurs in agricultural production due to its good control effect. Developing a sensitive method is an urgent need to determine trace ICP. Herein, an electrochemical aptasensor was fabricated for ICP detection, which combines the advantages of the high affinity of aptamer with photo‐triggered azobenzene to realize the sensor's regeneration. In this work, the aptamer was labeled with ferrocene group (Fc) at the 3′‐end and modified on the surface of the electrode as a recognition element for specific detection of ICP. Two azobenzene groups were inserted at the 5′‐end of the aptamer. Upon ultraviolet light irradiation, the configuration of azobenzene altered from trans‐to‐cis, and two units of ICP dissociated with aptamer by the unfolding of its hairpin structure to achieve the sensor's regeneration. Based on this strategy, the current response recorded of the aptasensor increases with the increasing of ICP concentration. The differential pulse voltammogram (DPV) signals are linear with the logarithm of ICP concentration in a range from 10 pM to 10 μM. The limit of detection is 3 pM (S/N=3). After 6 times of regeneration, the signal intensity for ICP could keep over 95 % to the first time of detection. The aptasensor was also successfully applied to the ICP analysis in tomato to validate stability and applicability, with an average recovery rate of 76.2 %–119.3 % and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.8 %–10.7 %. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first time using a simple incubation procedure, to realize sensitive and reversible detection of ICP, meanwhile which expected to be applied to the ICP's toxicological research.
A comprehensive review of carbon‐based and metal‐based electrocatalysts in the vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Taş Mert , Elden Gülsah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe vanadium redox flow battery mainly consists of an electrode, membrane, and electrolyte. Positive and negative electrodes have great importance to the battery's performance. Electrodes were treated thermally, acid and plasma and modified with carbon‐based and metal‐based electrocatalysts to increase their electrochemical activity, active area, stability, and functional groups. In this study, comprehensive research was conducted on carbon‐based and metal‐based electrocatalysts. Furthermore, modification and treatment methods, charge‐discharge potential, maximum capacity, capacity fading, and energy efficiency of the electrode were examined at the same current density. The highest energy efficiency of the carbon‐based electrocatalyst was obtained for graphite felt doped with carbon nanoparticles. The energy efficiency of bare graphite felt was 67.4%, the efficiency increased up to 84.8% with the carbon nanoparticle electrocatalyst. Ohmic loss was reduced, and operating voltage window was enlarged. For metal electrocatalysts, the highest energy efficiency was obtained by titanium nitride modification. The energy efficiency increased from 68% to 89% in comparison to the bare electrode. Electrode kinetics and reversibility were improved by electrocatalyst doping, and the active area of the electrode was increased.
Patterns in Serum Toxicokinetics in Peromyscus Exposed to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Authors: Narizzano Allison M. , Bohannon Meredith E. , East Andrew G. , McDonough Carrie , Choyke Sarah , Higgins Christopher P. , Quinn Jr Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are compounds manufactured for use in paints, cleaning agents, fire suppressants, nonstick cookware, food containers, and water-resistant products. Concerns about PFAS stem from their ubiquitous presence in the environment, persistence, and variable/uncertain bioaccumulation and toxicity. In the present study, 5 perfluoroalkyl acids and one polyfluoroalkyl substance were administered to white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to elucidate the kinetics of each chemical over 28 d of exposure. Perfluorooctanoate, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate were administered to male and female mice via drinking water. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorononanoate, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate, and PFHxS were administered to male and female mice via oral gavage. Blood samples collected after 14 or 21 and 28 d of exposure were analyzed for individual PFAS concentrations via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In general, a plateau in serum concentration in this toxicity test–relevant timeline depended on interactions between 1) the type of PFAS (i.e., perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids [PFSAs] vs perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids [PFCAs] vs polyfluorinated), 2) continuous versus bolus dosing, and 3) to a lesser extent, sex. Specifically, PFCAs were detected at higher concentration in females than males, whereas PFSAs were generally detected at similar levels across sex. An exception occurred when PFHxS yielded higher serum levels in males than females through bolus, but not continuous, dosing. Type of PFAS had the largest impact on serum concentrations, whereas sex had the lowest. As such, future work on the toxicokinetics of PFAS in common ecological receptors would be valuable to further explore these patterns. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2886–2898. © 2021 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
A pressure‐based numerical scheme for compressible–incompressible two‐phase flows
Authors: Wei Zhilong , Jiang Qin , Nie Sihang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents a numerical scheme for two‐phase flows consisting of compressible gas and incompressible liquid. Assuming that the gas density is determined by pressure only and that the liquid density is constant, we develop a new set of governing equations for compressible–incompressible two‐phase flows, which can be seen as a simplification of the previous unified governing equations. The volume fraction of gas, velocity, and pressure are the primary variables. Given the liquid's usual leading role in the flow motion, a pressure‐based method is employed to solve the equations. A fifth‐order accurate weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme is applied to discretize the advection terms, and the tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) scheme is utilized to capture the interface. The numerical scheme proposed is validated against the generalized Bagnold model and the free drop of a water patch in a closed tank. The results show that the scheme can tackle low Mach number compressible–incompressible two‐phase flows. For the one‐dimensional Bagnold model, the present numerical model achieves first‐order convergence and gives better results than that based on the previous unified governing equations with the same numerical methods. In the simulation of the free drop of a water patch in a closed tank, a similar pressure curve with other reported work is given.
Dietary Risks for Liver Mortality in NAFLD: Global Burden of Disease Data
Authors: Paik James M. , Mir Seema , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Younossi Youssef , Ong Janus P. , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: July 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common but complex chronic liver disease, driven by environmental and genetic factors. We assessed metabolic and dietary risk factor associations with NAFLD liver mortality using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 data. NAFLD liver deaths were calculated (per 100,000) as age‐standardized rates (ASRs) from 195 countries and territories (21 GBD regions; 7 GBD superregions). Dietary risks included low intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts/seeds, milk, fiber, calcium, seafood omega‐3 fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high intake of red meat, processed meat, sugar‐sweetened beverages, trans fatty acids, and sodium. Metabolic risks included high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose (FG), body mass index (BMI), as well as low bone mineral density and impaired kidney function (IKF). Socio‐demographic index (SDI)–adjusted partial Spearman correlation coefficients and multivariable generalized linear regression models/bidirectional stepwise selection (significance level for entry, 0.2; for stay, 0.05) determined the associations. The ASR for NAFLD liver deaths was 2.3 per 100,000 (2017) and correlated with dietary risk factors (0.131, −0.010‐0.267) and metabolic risk factors (SDI‐adjusted = 0.225, 95% CI 0.086‐0.354). High intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages and red meat (0.358, 0.229‐0.475; 0.162, 0.022‐0.296), and low intake of nuts/seed and milk (0.154, 0.014‐0.289; 0.145, 0.004‐0.280) was significant for NAFLD liver deaths. Other risk factors for liver death included IKF (0.402, 0.276‐0.514), increased BMI (0.353, 0.223‐0.407), FG (0.248, 0.111‐0.376), and BP (0.163, 0.022‐0.297). High intake of trans fatty acids (2.84% increase [1.65%‐4.03%]) was the largest associated risk of NAFLD liver deaths. In addition to metabolic risks, dietary risks independently drive the global burden of NAFLD‐related liver mortality. Conclusion: These data provide additional support for policies to improve dietary environment for NAFLD burden reduction.
Study on forcing schemes in the thermal lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of natural convection flow problems
Authors: Ezzatneshan Eslam , Salehi Ashkan , Vaseghnia Hamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study addresses the effect of various schemes for applying an external force term on the accuracy and performance of the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for simulation of free convection problems. Herein, the forcing schemes of Luo, shifted velocity method, Guo, and exact difference method are applied by considering three velocity discrete models of D2Q4, D2Q5, and D2Q9. The accuracy and performance of these schemes are evaluated with the simulation of three natural convection problems, namely, free convection in a closed cavity, in a square enclosure with a hot obstacle inside, and the Rayleigh‐Benard problem. The obtained results based on the present thermal LBM with different forcing schemes and velocity discrete models are compared with the existing experimental and numerical data in the literature. This comparison study indicates that imposing all employed forcing schemes leads to similar performance for the simulation of free convection problems studied at the middle range of Rayleigh numbers. It is found that the Luo forcing scheme is simple for implementation in comparison with the other three forcing schemes and provides the results with acceptable accuracy at moderate Rayleigh numbers. At higher Rayleigh numbers, however, the Guo scheme is not only numerically stable but a more precise forcing scheme in comparison with the other three methods. It is illustrated that employing the discrete velocity model of D2Q4 has more appropriate numerical stability along with less computational cost in comparison with two other discrete velocity models for simulation of natural convection heat transfer.