bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease and fire interact to influence transitions between savanna–forest ecosystems over a multi‐decadal experiment
Authors: Pellegrini Adam F. A. , Hein Andrew M. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Staver A. Carla , Silla Fernando , Hobbie Sarah E. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal change is shifting disturbance regimes that may rapidly change ecosystems, sometimes causing ecosystems to shift between states. Interactions between disturbances such as fire and disease could have especially severe effects, but experimental tests of multi‐decadal changes in disturbance regimes are rare. Here, we surveyed vegetation for 35 years in a 54‐year fire frequency experiment in a temperate oak savanna–forest ecotone that experienced a recent outbreak of oak wilt. Different fire regimes determined whether plots were savanna or forest by regulating tree abundance (r2 = 0.70), but disease rapidly reversed the effect of fire exclusion, increasing mortality by 765% in unburned forests, but causing relatively minor changes in frequently burned savannas. Model simulations demonstrated that disease caused unburned forests to transition towards a unique woodland that was prone to transition to savanna if fire was reintroduced. Consequently, disease–fire interactions could shift ecosystem resilience and biome boundaries as pathogen distributions change.
Altered communication dynamics reflect cognitive deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Girardi‐Schappo Mauricio , Fadaie Fatemeh , Lee Hyo Min , Caldairou Benoit , Sziklas Viviane , Crane Joelle , Bernhardt Boris C. , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is recognized as a system‐level disorder, little work has investigated pathoconnectomics from a dynamic perspective. By leveraging computational simulations that quantify patterns of information flow across the connectome, we tested the hypothesis that network communication is abnormal in this condition, studied the interplay between hippocampal‐ and network‐level disease effects, and assessed associations with cognition.MethodsWe simulated signal spreading via a linear threshold model that temporally evolves on a structural graph derived from diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), comparing a homogeneous group of 31 patients with histologically proven hippocampal sclerosis to 31 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. We evaluated the modulatory effects of structural alterations of the neocortex and hippocampus on network dynamics. Furthermore, multivariate statistics addressed the relationship with cognitive parameters.ResultsWe observed a slowing of in‐ and out‐spreading times across multiple areas bilaterally, indexing delayed information flow, with the strongest effects in ipsilateral frontotemporal regions, thalamus, and hippocampus. Effects were markedly reduced when controlling for hippocampal volume but not cortical thickness, underscoring the central role of the hippocampus in whole‐brain disease expression. Multivariate analysis associated slower spreading time in frontoparietal, limbic, default mode, and subcortical networks with impairment across tasks tapping into sensorimotor, executive, memory, and verbal abilities.SignificanceMoving beyond descriptions of static topology toward the formulation of brain dynamics, our work provides novel insight into structurally mediated network dysfunction and demonstrates that altered whole‐brain communication dynamics contribute to common cognitive difficulties in TLE.
NKG2D and its ligands as cytotoxic factors in cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vorwerk Gero , Zahn Sabine , Bieber Thomas , Wenzel Joerg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disorder that is characterized by an anti‐epidermal lymphocytic infiltrate invading the dermo‐epidermal junction, causing an interface dermatitis (ID). Pathogenesis of CLE has been linked to activation of innate immunity. NKG2D is an innate immune receptor on NK cells and distinct T‐cell populations. The NKG2D ligands MHC class I polypeptide‐related sequence A and B (MICA, MICB) have been associated to CLE susceptibility. Our gene microarray analyses of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (CDLE) skin lesions, separated in epidermal, junctional and dermal skin areas via laser microdissection, revealed a high expression of NKG2D in the lymphocytic infiltrate and led us to further investigate the role of NKG2D in CLE. Pathway analyses showed a strong “interferon (IFN) signature” and vast activation of innate immune response pathways (TLR, RIG‐I, cytosolic DNA sensing, JAK/STAT) in CDLE, that expressed the high NKG2D signal. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the presence of NKG2D and its ligand MICB in CDLE and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) lesions. Finally, HaCaT cells were stimulated with nucleic acids and extracted RNA was sequenced with Illumina HiSeq and showed that stressed keratinocytes express typical NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP2. This study provides first evidence that NKG2D is present in CDLE and SCLE skin lesions and could be relevant for cytotoxicity in IFN‐driven skin lesions with upregulated innate immune response pathways present in CLE. It could furthermore play a role in CLE inflammation promoted by keratinocytes under cell stress.
SOX9 in prostate cancer is upregulated by cancer‐associated fibroblasts to promote tumor progression through HGF/c‐Met‐FRA1 signaling
Authors: Qin Haixiang , Yang Yang , Jiang Bo , Pan Chun , Chen Wei , Diao Wenli , Ding Meng , Cao Wenmin , Zhang Zhenxing , Chen Mengxia , Gao Jie , Zhao Xiaozhi , Qiu Xuefeng , Guo Hongqian 
Published: March 2021

Transcription factor SOX9 was a biomarker for prostate cancer (Pca) with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism underlying SOX9 upregulation still remains unclear. Several cytokines have been reported to be involved in the regulation of SOX9, suggesting that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the main sources of secreted factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME), may play a role in regulating SOX9 expression. Herein, an in vitro model of paracrine interaction between primary CAFs and Pca cells was applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of SOX9 upregulation during Pca progression. The regulatory axis was validated by in vivo experiments and The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Conditional medium of CAFs (CAF‐CM) upregulated the expression of SOX9, which was mutually proved to be essential for CAF‐induced tumor progression. Further analysis showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by CAFs was responsible for SOX9 elevation in Pca cells, via the activation of c‐Met signaling. Mechanistically, HGF/c‐Met signaling specifically activated MEK1/2‐ERK1/2 pathway, which induced phosphorylation and upregulation of FRA1, which then transcriptionally upregulated SOX9 by binding to the promoter of SOX9 gene. Moreover, we identified that HGF/c‐Met‐ERK1/2‐FRA1‐SOX9 axis was relatively conserved between human and mouse species by validating in mouse Pca cells. Our results reveal a novel insight into the molecular mechanism that SOX9 in Pca cells is promoted by CAFs through HGF/c‐Met‐ERK1/2‐FRA1 axis. Furthermore, SOX9 may serve as an alternative marker for the activated HGF/c‐Met signaling to enroll the optimal Pca patients for HGF/c‐Met inhibition treatment, since it is much more stable and easier to detect.
The role of fire in global forest loss dynamics
Authors: van Wees Dave , van der Werf Guido R. , Randerson James T. , Andela Niels , Chen Yang , Morton Douglas C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFires, among other forms of natural and anthropogenic disturbance, play a central role in regulating the location, composition and biomass of forests. Understanding the role of fire in global forest loss is crucial in constraining land‐use change emissions and the global carbon cycle. We analysed the relationship between forest loss and fire at 500 m resolution based on satellite‐derived data for the 2003–2018 period. Satellite fire data included burned area and active fire detections, to best account for large and small fires, respectively. We found that, on average, 38 ± 9% (± range) of global forest loss was associated with fire, and this fraction remained relatively stable throughout the study period. However, the fraction of fire‐related forest loss varied substantially on a regional basis, and showed statistically significant trends in key tropical forest areas. Decreases in the fraction of fire‐related forest loss were found where deforestation peaked early in our study period, including the Amazon and Indonesia while increases were found for tropical forests in Africa. The inclusion of active fire detections accounted for 41%, on average, of the total fire‐related forest loss, with larger contributions in small clearings in interior tropical forests and human‐dominated landscapes. Comparison to higher‐resolution fire data with resolutions of 375 and 20 m indicated that commission errors due to coarse resolution fire data largely balanced out omission errors due to missed small fire detections for regional to continental‐scale estimates of fire‐related forest loss. Besides an improved understanding of forest dynamics, these findings may help to refine and separate fire‐related and non‐fire‐related land‐use change emissions in forested ecosystems.
Tropicalization and kelp loss shift trophic composition and lead to more winners than losers in fish communities
Authors: Smith Shannen M. , Malcolm Hamish A. , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Schultz Arthur L. , Steinberg Peter D. , Vergés Adriana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClimate‐mediated species redistributions are causing novel interactions and leading to profound regime shifts globally. For species that expand their distribution in response to warming, survival depends not only on their physiological capacity, but also on the ability to coexist or be competitive within the established community. In temperate marine reefs from around the world, the range expansion of tropical species, known as ‘tropicalization’, has been linked to the disappearance of temperate habitat‐forming kelps and shifts to dominance by low‐biomass turfing algae. The consequences of these range expansions and habitat changes on resident fish communities are, however, unclear. Here, we use data derived from baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to analyse changes in diversity and abundance of marine fishes over a 17‐year period in warming reefs that have experienced kelp loss (occurring c. 2009). Despite the loss of kelp, we found that species richness and overall abundance of fishes (measured as probability of occurrence and relative abundance), including both tropical and temperate species, increased through time. We also found dramatic shifts in the trophic composition of fish assemblages. Tropical herbivorous fish increased most markedly through time, and temperate‐associated planktivores were the only group that declined, a potential consequence of tropicalization not previously identified. At the species level, we identified 22 tropical and temperate species from four trophic guilds that significantly increased in occurrence, while only three species (all temperate associated) declined. Morphological trait space models suggest increases in fish diversity and overall occurrence are unlikely to be driven by uniqueness of traits among tropical range expanders. Our results show more winners than losers and suggest that pathways of energy flow will change in tropicalized systems, as planktonic inputs become less important and a higher proportion of algal productivity gets consumed locally by increasingly abundant herbivores.
Vitamin D and skeletal muscle: A narrative review focusing on chronic kidney disease and dialysis
Authors: Vogt Barbara Perez , Caramori Jacqueline Costa Teixeira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphological, molecular, and physiological effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle have been analyzed both in animals and humans. Vitamin D may be a potential therapeutic for increasing muscle mass and function. The presence of vitamin D receptors in skeletal muscle cells is already established. However, there is still need for more evidence about the effect of vitamin D on muscle. Some studies have associated vitamin D and skeletal muscle in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; most of these studies enrolled hemodialysis patients. FGF‐23 and Klotho were recently described in mineral and bone disorders in CKD, resulting in reductions in calcitriol levels. Therefore, both Klotho and FGF‐23 may play a role in muscle loss in CKD, which is related to morbidity and mortality risk. Therefore, this article presents a narrative review, aiming to discuss the available information associating skeletal muscle and vitamin D, highlighting the results in CKD and dialysis patients.
Relationship of food intake during hemodialysis and symptomatic intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Jelicic Ivo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntradialytic hypotension is the most common complication during hemodialysis and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease, mortality, and overall hospital admissions. We analyzed the influence of food intake during hemodialysis on intradialytic hypotension.MethodsA total of 105 patients treated with chronic hemodialysis were observed for 8 weeks—4 weeks with a meal during hemodialysis and 4 weeks without a meal.FindingsA statistically significant decrease of hypotensive events (p < 0.001) and cramping episodes (p = 0.035) was observed during a 4‐week period without a meal. Patients who were particularly susceptible to intradialytic hypotension were those who were diabetic, had low urinary excretion, and were treated with hemodialysis for a long time. On a follow up, there was a significant increase in serum albumin after 3 months (p = 0.01) and 6 months (p = 0.036) despite meal withdrawal during hemodialysis.DiscussionFasting during hemodialysis may cause a significantly lower frequency of intradialytic hypotension and cramping episodes without affecting the nutritional status.
Climate and ice in the last glacial maximum explain patterns of isolation by distance inferred for alpine grasshoppers
Authors: Carmelet‐Rescan David , Morgan‐Richards Mary , Koot Emily M. , Trewick Steven A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cold‐adapted species are likely to have had more widespread ranges and greater population connectivity during the last glacial period than is the case today. This contrasts with the trend in many species for range and population size to increase during interglacials.
We examined the pattern of genetic and morphological variation within an endemic, wingless, alpine grasshopper Sigaus australis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Southern Alps of New Zealand, testing for isolation by distance using geometric morphometric and mitochondrial ND2 sequences to document variation.
Presence/absence data were analysed to estimate the environmental envelope (niche) of Sigaus australis and the resulting model used to infer the extent of available habitat for the species during the last glacial maximum. Estimates of past range size were modified using models of montane ice extent during the LGM.
Clinal patterns of pronotum shape variation and signatures of isolation by distance support the hypothesis of a formerly more connected species. A north/south division was observed in pronotum shape, but the phenotypic variation was not diagnostic, as one would expect within a single species.
Although the current habitat area occupied by Sigaus australis is much smaller than estimates for the LGM from our climate model, we show that realised area differed less due to the extension of valley glaciers. However, the current distribution of S. australis is more fragmented than in the past.
This and other flightless alpine species currently restricted to fragmented high elevation habitat demonstrate genetic lag but are subject to loss of diversity as anthropogenic climate warming proceeds.
Citation practices in research article introductions: The interplay between disciplines and research methodologies
Authors: Arizavi Saleh , Choubsaz Yazdan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVariations in citation practices have been studied from a wide range of perspectives. Nonetheless, little research has addressed how the interplay between disciplines and research methodologies can affect the formal representation of citations in research articles. This paper, adopting a multi‐perspective design, is an attempt to fill this void by analyzing a purposive sample of 180 research article independent introductions from theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics journals, categorized into three research methodologies. Significant differences were found in these practices because of the disciplinary conventions and the research methodologies employed in the articles; however, the epistemological effects underlying research methodologies (i.e., how members of a discourse community perceive knowledge generation and use through knowledge validation and proving) were by far more evident than the disciplinary bearings.
Plain‐language summaries: An essential component to promote knowledge translation
Authors: Gudi Sai Krishna , Tiwari Komal Krishna , Panjwani Kainat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this era of evidence‐based practice, scholarly work such as peer‐reviewed scientific publications plays a vital role in policy and decision‐making at an individual, organisation and country‐level. Alongside being considered an essential means of communicating scholarly work, scientific publications also investigate the specific domains that lack well‐established literature and thereby inform scientists and researchers to thrive for the betterment of the publics' well‐being. Thus, the main purpose of articulating the scientific, scholarly work should be to make it understandable and accessible to everyone, including the lay audience. However, oftentimes, researchers overlook the lay summaries while publishing the research findings.
Effects of thermal processing on antioxidant activities, amino acid composition and protein molecular weight distributions of jasmine rice bran protein hydrolysate
Authors: Hunsakul Kanrawee , Laokuldilok Thunnop , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Utama‐ang Niramon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the effects of thermal processing on the amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution (MW) and antioxidant activities of Jasmine rice bran protein hydrolysates (JBH). JBH was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysate (alcalase and flavourzyme at a ratio of 9.81:90.19, 2.84% w/w) for 60 min. JBH samples were treated as follows: non‐heat (NJBH), pasteurisation (72ºC, 15 min; PJBH) and sterilisation (121ºC, 15 min; SJBH). For SJBH treatment, the browning index and fluorescence intensity increased (P < 0.05). FTIR showed that thermal process changed the intensities and location of some bands. Thermal processing affected MW by decreasing it from high MW (>10 kDa) to medium (3–10 kDa) and low MW (<3 kDa). Val, Met, Ile and Leu contents increased after thermal processing. Compared with NJBH, the IC50 values of ABTS and FRAP of SJBH were not significantly different, while the IC50 of DPPH increased (P ≥ 0.05).
Coercion in psychiatric and mental health nursing: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Paradis‐Gagné Etienne , Pariseau‐Legault Pierre , Goulet Marie‐Hélène , Jacob Jean Daniel , Lessard‐Deschênes Clara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of coercion in psychiatric and mental health nursing is a major challenge, which can lead to negative consequences for nurses and patients, including rupture in the therapeutic relationship and risk of injury and trauma. The concept of coercion is complex to define and is used in different ways throughout the nursing literature. This concept is defined broadly, referring to both formal (seclusion, restraint, and forced hospitalization), informal (persuasion, threat, and inducement), and perceived coercion, without fully addressing its evolving conceptualizations and use in nursing practice. We conducted a concept analysis of coercion using Rodgers’ evolutionary method to identify its antecedents, attributes, and associated consequences. We identified five main attributes of the concept: different forms of coercion; the contexts in which coercion is exercised; nurses’ justification of its use; the ethical issues raised by the presence of coercion; and power dynamics. Our conceptual analysis shows the need for more nursing research in the field of coercion to achieve a better understanding of the power dynamics and ethical issues that arise in the presence of coercion.
Psychological eHealth interventions for people with intellectual disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Oudshoorn Cathelijn E. M. , Frielink Noud , Nijs Sara L. P. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of eHealth, which has accelerated in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic, could contribute to the access to tailor‐made psychological interventions for people with intellectual disabilities.MethodA scoping review was conducted on peer‐reviewed studies between 1996–2019.ResultsThirty‐three studies reported on the use of psychological eHealth interventions focused on mental health problems and/or challenging behaviour. The vast majority of these studies reported on interventions that were delivered at the individual level. The context in which these interventions were delivered varied, primarily ranging from the home setting to residential settings, as well as day or activity centres and schools. The studies described various types of interventions: telehealth interventions, computerized cognitive behavioural therapy, and interventions focused on (social) learning principles targeting challenging behaviour.ConclusionseHealth provides new opportunities for both therapists and lay‐therapists to deliver psychological interventions. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of psychological eHealth interventions.
Identification of autophagy‐related long non‐coding RNA prognostic signature for breast cancer
Authors: Wu Qianxue , Li Qing , Zhu Wenming , Zhang Xiang , Li Hongyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAutophagy‐related long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) disorders are related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to explore whether autophagy‐related lncRNA can predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The autophagy‐related lncRNAs prognostic signature was constructed by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression. We identified five autophagy‐related lncRNAs (MAPT‐AS1, LINC01871, AL122010.1, AC090912.1, AC061992.1) associated with prognostic value, and they were used to construct an autophagy‐related lncRNA prognostic signature (ALPS) model. ALPS model offered an independent prognostic value (HR = 1.664, 1.381‐2.006), where this risk score of the model was significantly related to the TNM stage, ER, PR and HER2 status in breast cancer patients. Nomogram could be utilized to predict survival for patients with breast cancer. Principal component analysis and Sankey Diagram results indicated that the distribution of five lncRNAs from the ALPS model tends to be low‐risk. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the high‐risk group was enriched in autophagy and cancer‐related pathways, and the low‐risk group was enriched in regulatory immune‐related pathways. These results indicated that the ALPS model composed of five autophagy‐related lncRNAs could predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients.