bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of gastric gas volumes measured by computed tomography after high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy or conventional facemask ventilation*
Authors: Sud A. , Athanassoglou V. , Anderson E. M. , Scott S. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryHigh‐flow nasal oxygen therapy is increasingly used to improve peri‐intubation oxygenation. However, it is unknown whether it may cause or exacerbate insufflation of gas into the stomach. High‐flow nasal oxygen therapy is now standard practice in our hospital for adult patients undergoing percutaneous thermal ablation of liver cancer under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. We compared gastric gas volumes measured from computed tomography images that had been acquired immediately after intubation in two series of patients: 50 received peri‐intubation high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy and another 50 received conventional facemask pre‐oxygenation and ventilation before intubation and before high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy became standard practice in our unit. Median (IQR [range]) gastric gas volume was 24.0 (14.2–59.9 [3–167]) cm3 in the high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy group and 23.8 (12.6–38.8 [0–185]) cm3 in the facemask group. There was no difference between the two groups in the volume of gastric gas measured by computed tomography imaging (Mann–Whitney U‐test, U = 1136, p = 0.432, n1 = n2 = 50). Our results demonstrate that a small volume of gastric gas is commonly present after induction of anaesthesia, but that the use of peri‐intubation high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy for pre‐oxygenation and during apnoea does not increase this volume compared with conventional facemask pre‐oxygenation and ventilation. This is clinically relevant, as high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy is increasingly being used in a peri‐intubation context and in patients at higher risk of aspiration.
Proposed delay for safe surgery after COVID‐19
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Scott N. Ann , Tivey David R. , Babidge Wendy J. , Scott David A. , Beavis Vanessa S. , Kok Jen , MacCormick Andrew D. , Padbury Robert T. A. , Hugh Thomas J. , Hewett Peter J. , Collinson Trevor G. , Maddern Guy J. , Frydenberg Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term effects after COVID‐19 may affect surgical safety. This study aimed to evaluate the literature and produce evidence‐based guidance regarding the period of delay necessary for adequate recovery of patients following COVID‐19 infection before undergoing surgery.MethodsA rapid review was combined with advice from a working group of 10 clinical experts across Australia and New Zealand. MEDLINE, medRxiv and grey literature were searched to 4 October 2020. The level of evidence was stratified according to the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy.ResultsA total of 1020 records were identified, from which 20 studies (12 peer‐reviewed) were included. None were randomized trials. The studies comprised one case–control study (level III‐2 evidence), one prospective cohort study (level III‐2) and 18 case‐series studies (level IV). Follow‐up periods containing observable clinical characteristics ranged from 3 to 16 weeks. New or excessive fatigue and breathlessness were the most frequently reported symptoms. SARS‐CoV‐2 may impact the immune system for multiple months after laboratory confirmation of infection. For patients with past COVID‐19 undergoing elective curative surgery for cancer, risks of pulmonary complications and mortality may be lowest at 4 weeks or later after a positive swab.ConclusionAfter laboratory confirmation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, minor surgery should be delayed for at least 4 weeks and major surgery for 8–12 weeks, if patient outcome is not compromised. Comprehensive preoperative and ongoing assessment must be carried out to ensure optimal clinical decision‐making.
Levels of agreement between youth in out‐of‐home care and key adults' ratings of sibling and peer relationships: The impact of respondent characteristics and associations to youth resilience
Authors: Wojciak Armeda Stevenson , Waid Jeffrey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current study utilized survey data to determine if respondent characteristics and inter‐rater agreement on measures of important relationships were associated with resilience among child welfare‐involved youth. Youth and key adults (e.g., caregivers or caseworkers) each completed a multidimensional survey of youth well‐being. Both responded to measures of sibling and peer relationships; youth also completed a brief resilience measure. Inter‐rater agreement for sibling and peer relationship constructs were established through independent samples t‐test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's kappa and double‐entry intraclass correlation coefficient. Linear regression models then examined associations of respondent and dyad characteristics to inter‐rater disagreement, and inter‐rater disagreement to youth reported resilience. Post hoc analyses probed interactions for respondent characteristics and inter‐rater disagreement to youth resilience. Results indicate key adults overestimated the quality of youth's sibling relationships, and inter‐rater disagreement was highest when the youth was older and the adult was a caregiver. Sibling rater disagreement was associated with higher youth reported resilience. For peer relationships, significant inter‐rater disagreement was not observed. Higher relative disagreement, however, was associated with lower youth resilience. Findings suggest levels of inter‐rater agreement may be an important consideration when assessing the well‐being of youth in out‐of‐home care.
ProtekDuo as a bridge to lung transplant and heart‐lung transplant
Authors: Sinha Neeraj , Goodarzi Ahmad , Akku Radhika , Balayla Galit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent advances in technology have led to significantly greater use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation with better outcomes. The novel ProtekDuo veno‐venous ECMO (CardiacAssist, Inc.) has gained significance as it facilitates effective decompression of the right heart in patients with acute decompensation, while also providing consistent and effective gas exchange by eliminating recirculation. Here, we report two cases of effectively using ProtekDuo veno‐venous ECMO: one case as a bridge to lung transplantation and another case as a bridge to heart‐lung transplantation.
A semi‐empirical model to predict the EM38 electromagnetic induction measurements of soils from basic ground properties
Authors: Visconti Fernando , De Paz José Miguel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements (σb*) are widely used for the survey of several soil attributes, among which basic properties such as salinity (σe), water content (θw), clay (wc), organic matter (wom) and bulk density (ρb) stand out. In usual practice, purely empirical models relating one of these properties to σb* are calibrated at selected sites. However, this calibration is site and time specific and has to be repeated time and again. In order to understand where the variability of the EMI empirical models comes from, it is necessary to know how the different soil properties contribute to them and, with this aim, a more physically based relationship between σb* and, at least, σe, θw, wc, wom and ρb was developed in this work, additionally including soil temperature (t). It was calibrated and cross‐validated with the data from one survey carried out in a wide agricultural irrigation area in SE Spain, taking σb* measurements with the Geonics EM38 in the horizontal and vertical dipole modes and at various heights over the ground. Then, it was externally validated with the data from a second survey carried out 4 years later in the same area but in a different season. In the calibration, R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.84 and 0.18 dS m−1 (41%), respectively, for the vertical dipole orientation and 0.90 and 0.11 dS m−1 (39%) for the horizontal one. In the external validation, R2 and RMSE were 0.80 and 0.24 dS m−1 (44%), respectively, for the vertical dipole orientation and 0.90 and 0.13 dS m−1 (38%) for the horizontal one. Therefore, because the performance of the model barely worsened as time passed by, it can be considered to represent the underlying physical process and, therefore, to increase our understanding of how the soil EMI signals are generated, with potential benefits for the planning and comparability of EMI soil measurements, specifically with the EM38, among different areas.Highlights
A semi‐empirical model was developed to predict soil EMI measurements from basic ground properties.
Salinity, water content, clay, organic matter, bulk density and temperature were used as predictors.
The model was able to explain between 80 and 90% of the variance in EMI measurements in the validation.
This model helps us understand how the basic soil properties contribute to the EMI measurements.
Functional interaction of ubiquitin ligase RNF167 with UBE2D1 and UBE2N promotes ubiquitination of AMPA receptor
Authors: Ghilarducci Kim , Cabana Valérie C. , Desroches Camille , Chabi Kahina , Bourgault Steve , Cappadocia Laurent , Lussier Marc P. 
Published: March 2021

Protein ubiquitination has been historically associated with protein degradation, but recent studies have demonstrated other cellular functions associated with substrate ubiquitination. Among the RING‐type ubiquitin E3 ligase enzymes present in the human genome, RNF167 is a transmembrane protein located in endosomes and lysosomes and is implicated in controlling the endolysosomal pathway. Substrates of RNF167 have been identified, but the ubiquitin‐conjugating E2 enzymes involved in the mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we describe the interaction between RNF167 and conjugating E2 enzymes. By means of in vitro autoubiquitination and binding assays, we show that RNF167 functionally interacts with many conjugating E2s, while fluorescence microscopy illustrates that these interactions occur in endosomes and lysosomes. Kinetic analyses of the interaction between RNF167 and selected conjugating E2 enzymes reveal submicromolar dissociation constants. The computed model of interaction between the RING domain of RNF167 and conjugating enzymes gives us insights on how RNF167 could interact with conjugating E2 enzymes. Furthermore, the results reveal that in vitro polyubiquitination of the AMPA‐type glutamate receptor subunit GluA2, one of the RNF167’s known substrates, is possible by the conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2N only after GluA2 has been primed by ubiquitin subsequent to the action of an initiating conjugating E2 enzyme functionally binding RNF167. Pharmacological inhibition of UBE2N in cultured hippocampal neurons diminishes AMPA‐induced GluA2 ubiquitination. This study characterizes interacting partners of RNF167 and constitutes an initial step toward the identification of functional pairs assembled from RNF167 and ubiquitin‐conjugating E2 enzymes involved in the ubiquitination of RNF167’s substrate.
Variation in riparian and stream assemblages across the primary succession landscape of Mount St. Helens, U.S.A.
Authors: Claeson Shannon M. , LeRoy Carri J. , Finn Debra S. , Stancheva Rosalina H. , Wolfe Emily R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Although most lotic ecosystems experience frequent and sometimes large disturbances, opportunities are uncommon to study primary succession in streams. Exceptions include new stream channels arising from events such as glacial retreat, volcanism, and catastrophic landslides. In 1980, the eruption and massive landslide at Mount St. Helens (WA, U.S.A.) created an entire landscape with five new catchments undergoing primary succession. We asked if riparian and lotic assemblages at early successional stages (36 years after the eruption) showed predictable change along longitudinal gradients within catchments, and whether assemblages were similar among five replicate catchments.

In July 2016, we collected environmental data and characterised riparian, algal, and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at 21 stream reaches distributed within and among five neighbouring catchments. We evaluated patterns of richness, abundance, biomass, multivariate taxonomic community structure, and functional traits both longitudinally and among catchments.

We found minimal evidence that longitudinal gradients had developed within catchments at 36 years post‐eruption. Increases in diatom and macroinvertebrate richness with downstream distance were the only biological responses with longitudinal trends. Conversely, we documented substantial variation in community structure of riparian plants, soft‐bodied algae, diatoms, and macroinvertebrates at the among‐catchment scale. Among‐catchment differences consistently separated two eastern catchments from three western catchments, and these two groups also differed in stream water chemistry, water temperature, and geomorphology.

Overall, we documented greater diversity in the young catchments than predicted by ecologists in the years immediately following the eruption, yet functional traits indicate that these catchments are still in relatively early stages of succession. Variation at the among‐catchment scale is likely to be driven in part by hydrological source variation, with the two eastern catchments showing environmental signatures associated with glacial ice‐melt and the three western catchments probably fed primarily by springs from groundwater aquifers. Contemporary flow disturbance regimes also varied among catchments and successional trajectories were probably reset repeatedly in streams experiencing more frequent disturbance.

Similar to new stream channels formed following glacial retreat, our results support a tolerance model of succession in streams. However, contrasting abiotic templates among Mount St. Helens catchments appear to be driving different successional trajectories of riparian plant, algal, and macroinvertebrate assemblages among neighbouring small catchments sharing the same catastrophic disturbance history.
The prognostic impact of thyroid disorders on the clinical severity of COVID‐19: Results of single‐centre pandemic hospital
Authors: Güven Mehmet , Gültekin Hamza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection can cause thyroid hormonal disorders. In addition, tracheal compression by thyroid nodules can aggravate hypoxia in critically ill patients. No studies have investigated the effect of thyroid nodules on the prognosis of patients with COVID‐19. In this study, we investigated the effect of thyroid hormonal disorders and thyroid nodules on the prognosis of patients with COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study was conducted at the Şırnak State Hospital (Pandemic hospital in Turkey) between 15 March and 15 August 2020. We evaluated thyroid hormonal disorder and thyroid nodules in 125 patients who were admitted to the non‐intensive care unit (non‐ICU) due to mild COVID‐19 pneumonia (group 1) and 125 critically ill patients who were admitted to the ICU (group 2).ResultsThyroid‐stimulating hormone levels (TSH) were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2; however, group 2 patients had significantly lower levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) as compared to group 1 (P = .005, P < .0001, respectively). FT3 level showed a negative correlation with length of hospital stay and C‐reactive protein level (rho: −0.216, p: 0.001; rho: −0.383, P < .0001). Overt thyroid disorder was observed in 13 patients [2 patients in group 1 (both with overt thyrotoxicosis) and 11 patients in group 2 (3 overt hypothyroidism, 8 overt thyrotoxicosis) (P = .01)]. Thyroid nodules sized ≥1 cm were found in 9 patients (7%) in group 1 and 32 patients (26%) in group 2 (P < .0001).ConclusionOvert thyroid hormonal disorders were more common in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. FT3 level at hospital admission is a potential prognostic marker of COVID‐19 patients. Thyroid nodules may be associated with severe COVID‐19 disease.
Simplification of complex insulin regimens using canagliflozin or liraglutide in patients with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes: A 24‐week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ando Yasuyo , Shigiyama Fumika , Hirose Takahisa , Kumashiro Naoki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the potential use of canagliflozin, in comparison with liraglutide, as an alternative to bolus insulin in patients with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving multiple daily insulin injection therapy.Materials and MethodsIn 40 patients, with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels <7.5% controlled by multiple daily insulin injection therapy, all bolus insulin was randomly switched to canagliflozin (100 mg/day) or liraglutide (0.3–0.9 mg/day) for 24 weeks. Basal insulin was continued with dose adjustment according to a predefined algorithm. The end‐points were the change in the HbA1c level, glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring, body mass index, insulin dose, quality of life (QOL) and safety assessments. Factors influencing the changes in QOL were also assessed using a simple regression analysis.ResultsThe change in HbA1c from baseline was comparable between the treatments. Both treatments maintained the HbA1c level to the baseline levels with stable glucose variability and no severe hypoglycemia for 24 weeks, decreased total insulin dose, and significantly increased the QOL score. The change in QOL was significantly associated with injection frequency.ConclusionsFor patients with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, under the support of basal insulin, complex insulin regimens can be simplified by replacing all bolus insulin with once‐daily canagliflozin or liraglutide, which improves patients’ QOL.
The impact of COVID‐19 on alcohol and other drug nurses' provision of care: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Searby Adam , Burr Dianna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on alcohol and other drug nurses providing treatment for individuals presenting with problematic alcohol and other drug use.BackgroundCOVID‐19 has caused disruption to contemporary health service delivery, including alcohol and other drug treatment. Provisional research on drug and alcohol consumption patterns shows changes attributable to the pandemic, with implications for service delivery. Research also indicates the impact of the pandemic on healthcare staff is significant, leading to workforce challenges that threaten care provision.DesignQualitative descriptive study design.MethodsData were collected using semi‐structured, individual telephone interviews with practising alcohol and other drug nurses from Australia and New Zealand (n = 19). COREQ reporting guidelines were used.ResultsAfter thematic analysis, three key themes emerged: ‘No room at the inn: Changes to service delivery due to COVID‐19’, ‘We are providing care to a very vulnerable group of people: Consumer factors during COVID‐19’ and ‘Personally, we were very, very stressed: Workforce factors due to COVID‐19’.ConclusionsThe findings from this study indicate that the impact of the pandemic was felt by alcohol and other drug nurses, services and healthcare consumers alike. The experiences of alcohol and other drug nurses through the COVID‐19 pandemic need further exploration both to ensure workforce sustainability and that disruptions to alcohol and other drug services do not occur in future outbreaks of communicable disease.Relevance to clinical practiceCOVID‐19 has had a profound effect on nurses in all settings, and these effects are likely to be felt for some time after the pandemic: nursing specialties require support to ensure ongoing workforce sustainability and well‐being of nursing staff. All nurses need to be aware of changes to alcohol and other drug use during the pandemic and screen healthcare consumers accordingly.
Clinical presentations of Kingella kingae musculoskeletal infections in South Australian children
Authors: Awwad Elias , Tolley Morgan , Antoniou Georgia , Williams Nicole 
Published: March 2021

AimThis study aimed to alert clinicians to the spectrum of presentations of Kingella kingae musculoskeletal infections.MethodsBetween August 2010 and March 2018, 55 children presented with positive K. kingae polymerase chain reaction on joint fluid, bone or deep soft tissue collections involving the limbs and subsequently underwent retrospective medical record, radiological and laboratory review. Demographics and clinical information are presented.ResultsMedian age at presentation was 15.9 months (range 4.3 months–10.7 years) and 64% were male. Septic arthritis was the most common diagnosis (95%), median duration of symptoms was 4 days, 65% had a preceding infection (e.g. upper respiratory or gastrointestinal) and 22% re‐presented to emergency departments after prior discharge. The lower limb was involved in 84%, with the knee being most affected (55%). If the lower limb was involved, 82% of previously weight‐bearing children had a limp or were unable to weight bear. On presentation, median temperature was 36.7°C and inflammatory markers were mildly elevated. No blood cultures grew K. kingae. Five synovial fluid cultures were positive for K. kingae. Plain radiography showed effusion, soft tissue swelling or a lesion in 53% of patients. All 41 ultrasounds showed effusion, soft tissue swelling or synovial thickening. One patient with delayed diagnosis later presented with avascular necrosis of the femoral head.ConclusionKingella kingae is difficult to diagnose due to non‐specific symptoms, absence of fevers and often unremarkable blood tests. Despite generally having good long‐term outcomes, our case of avascular necrosis suggests accurate diagnosis and treatment are important.