bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safeguarding: Doing the Difficult Thing
Authors: Offen Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

As dentists, we are well positioned to detect signs of abuse. Though many practitioners are aware of their duty to report concerns, multiple barriers to referral still exist. This article defines abuse, safeguarding and our role as dental healthcare professionals. It provides an overview of the types of abuse and signs that raise concern. Uncertainty over the findings was highlighted as the most common barrier to referral. This article provides an overview of the referral process. Regular training is recommended to improve familiarisation with the safeguarding procedure. Furthermore, discussing concerns with colleagues when uncertain can provide reassurance to the referring practitioner. Additional barriers include fear of the consequences to the patient, fear of implications for the practice, and time pressures. By focusing on preparation and a supportive environment, we can reduce the influence of these barriers. Although raising concerns can be stressful, there are many resources available to support dental healthcare professionals. The key focus must be the wellbeing and safety of the vulnerable patient. Your referral may help the patient and family access the support they need.
Facts and Fallacies About Occlusal Philosophies for Full Mouth Rehabilitation
Authors: Kelleher Martin G.D. , Ooi Hui Lynn , Blum Igor R. 
Published: March 2021

This article reviews various full mouth rehabilitation occlusal concepts along with their main beliefs and controversies. Many of those occlusal teachings were well-meant at the time they were introduced. However, closer examination reveals that many of them involved serious destruction of sound tooth tissue – without delivering many of their purported benefits. The biologic and structural disadvantages of ‘subtractive’ dental procedures, which were, and still are, undertaken to provide traditional full mouth rehabilitation are discussed. Those approaches are contrasted with the proven advantages of minimally destructive additive techniques, which can solve frequently encountered clinical problems previously deemed to require traditional ‘full mouth rehabilitations’. Pragmatic clinical cases are used to illustrate how to solve common clinical problems by using minimally destructive means, without causing structural damage to residual sound tooth tissue.
Effectiveness of a health and social care integration programme for home-dwelling frail older persons in Argentina
Authors: Perman Gastón , Prevettoni Mariana , Guenzelovich Tami , Schapira Marcelo , Infantino Verónica Martínez , Ramos Roxana , Saimovici Javier , Gallo Cristian , Ferré María Florencia Cunha , Scozzafava Silvana , Hornstein Lucila , Garfi Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

Introduction The evidence of effectiveness of integrated care initiatives for home-dwelling frail older persons is still inconclusive. There is a need for more studies, especially in developing countries. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a health and social care integration programme versus the best standard of care to date in this population. Methods Quasi-experimental study performed in patients' homes in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The intervention arm had a health and social care counsellor that systematically reviewed the social and biological situation following a structured process, evaluating: functionality, nutrition, mobility, pain, cognition, medication reconciliation and adherence, need for care, quality of care, and environmental safety. The control group received the best standard of care to date, with access to the same health or social care services, but without the counsellor and related processes. The main outcome was the adjusted hazard ratio for hospitalizations after one year using a Cox-proportional hazards model. Results We recruited 121 persons in each group. The crude hazard ratio for hospital admissions, comparing the intervention to the control group was 0.622 (95% CI: 0.427–0.904; p = 0.013). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 0.503 (95% CI: 0.340–0.746; p = 0.001). The aHR for death was 0.993 (95% CI: 0.492–2.002; p = 0.984). The absolute difference in the quality of life was 16.59 points (95% CI: 12.03–21.14; p < 0.001). Discussion The integration programme had lower hospital admissions and better quality of life than the usual care. There was no significant difference in death rates.
The Association Between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Hospitalization for Fatigue: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Farragher Janine F. , Zhang Jianguo , Harrison Tyrone G. , Ravani Pietro , Elliott Meghan J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda 
Published: March 2021

Background: Fatigue is a pervasive symptom among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is associated with several adverse outcomes, but the incidence of hospitalization for fatigue is unknown. Objective: To explore the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incidence of hospitalization for fatigue. Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study using a provincial administrative dataset. Setting: Alberta, Canada. Patients: People above age 18 who had at least 1 outpatient serum creatinine measurement taken in Alberta between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016. Measurements: The first outpatient serum creatinine was used to estimate GFR. Hospitalization for fatigue was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code R53.x. Methods: Patients were stratified by CKD category based on their index eGFR. We used negative binomial regression to determine if there was an increased incidence of hospitalization for fatigue by declining kidney function (reference eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m2). Estimates were stratified by age, and adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity. Results: The study cohort consisted of 2 823 270 adults, with a mean age of 46.1 years and median follow-up duration of 6.0 years; 5 422 hospitalizations for fatigue occurred over 14 703 914 person-years of follow-up. Adjusted rates of hospitalization for fatigue increased with decreasing kidney function, across all age strata. The highest rates were seen in adults on dialysis (adjusted incident rate ratios 24.47, 6.66, and 3.13 for those aged 18 to 64, 65 to 74, and 75+, respectively, compared with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m2). Limitations: Fatigue hospitalization codes have not been validated; reference group limited to adults with at least 1 outpatient serum creatinine measurement; remaining potential for residual confounding. Conclusions: Declining kidney function was associated with increased incidence of hospitalization for fatigue. Further research into ways to address fatigue in the CKD population is warranted. Trial Registration: Not applicable (not a clinical trial).
Haematomyelia and myelomalacia following an inadvertent thoracic intraspinal injection in a cat
Authors: Dutil Guillaume F , Schweizer Daniela , Oevermann Anna , Stein Veronika M , Maiolini Arianna 
Published: March 2021

Case summary A 4-month-old cat was presented with acute paraplegia after the referring veterinarian performed a subcutaneous injection (cefovecin and dexamethasone) in the caudodorsal thoracic area, during which the cat suddenly became uncooperative. A complete neurological examination performed 1 day after the injection revealed paraplegia without deep pain perception and reduced segmental spinal reflexes in the pelvic limbs. Findings were consistent with either an L4–S3 myelopathy or a T3–L3 myelopathy with subsequent spinal shock. MRI showed swelling of the spinal cord from T1 to L1 with heterogeneous T2-weighted intramedullary hyperintensity and no contrast enhancement. A centrally located intraspinal signal void was visible in T2*-weighted images. These changes were compatible with a suspected traumatic intraspinal injection. Despite intensive supportive care over 4 days, neurological status did not improve and the cat was euthanased. Gross pathology findings revealed severe intramedullary haemorrhage and myelomalacia in the T10–L1 spinal cord segments. Histopathology of the spinal cord after haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a severe intramedullary space-occupying haemorrhage with focal malacia. A trajectory-like, optically empty cavity containing some eosinophilic droplets at the edges was detected. Although no further evidence of trauma was noted in the surrounding structures, the spinal cord changes were compatible with a perforating trauma. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of thoracic intraspinal injection causing myelomalacia defined by an ante-mortem MRI and confirmed post mortem by histopathology. The traumatic myelopathy appeared to be most compatible with an intraspinal injection causing vascular rupture.
Multimodality Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Review of Alerts in 628 Patients
Authors: Alluri Ram K. , Vaishnav Avani S. , Sivaganesan Ahilan , Ricci Luke , Sheha Evan , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: March 2021

Study Design: Retrospective review of private neuromonitoring databases. Objectives: To review neuromonitoring alerts in a large series of patients undergoing lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and determine whether alerts occurred more frequently when more lumbar levels were accessed or more frequently at particular lumbar levels. Methods: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) databases were reviewed and patients were identified undergoing LLIF between L1 and L5. All cases in which at least one IONM modality was used (motor evoked potentials (MEP), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), evoked electromyography (EMG)) were included in this study. The type of IONM used and incidence of alerts were collected from each IONM report and analyzed. The incidence of alerts for each IONM modality based on number of levels at which at LLIF was performed and the specific level an LLIF was performed were compared. Results: A total of 628 patients undergoing LLIF across 934 levels were reviewed. EMG was used in 611 (97%) cases, SSEP in 561 (89%), MEP in 144 (23%). The frequency of IONM alerts for EMG, SSEP and MEPs did not significantly increase as the number of LLIF levels accessed increased. No EMG, SSEP, or MEP alerts occurred at L1-L2. EMG alerts occurred in 2-5% of patients at L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5 and did not significantly vary by level ( P = .34). SSEP and MEP alerts occurred more frequently at L4-L5 versus L2-L3 and L3-L4 ( P < .03). Conclusions: IONM may provide the greatest utility at L4-L5, particularly MEPs, and may not be necessary for more cephalad LLIF procedures such as at L1-L2.
Rates of Concomitant Meniscal Tears in Pediatric Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Increase With Age and Body Mass Index
Authors: Perkins Crystal A. , Christino Melissa A. , Busch Michael T. , Egger Anthony , Murata Asahi , Kelleman Michael , Willimon S. Clifton 
Published: March 2021

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are frequently associated with meniscal injury. Risk factors for concomitant meniscal injuries have been studied in the adult population but less so in pediatric patients. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between age and body mass index (BMI) and the presence of a concomitant meniscal tear at the time of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in pediatric patients. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed of patients aged <19 years who underwent primary ACLR over a 3.5-year period. Revision ACLR and multiligament knee reconstructions were excluded. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with having a meniscal tear at the time of surgery. Subgroup analysis was performed for medial and lateral meniscal tears. Results: Included in this study were 453 patients (230 males, 223 females; median age, 15 years). Of these, 265 patients (58%) had a meniscal tear, including 150 isolated lateral meniscal tears, 53 isolated medial meniscal tears, and 62 patients with both lateral and medial meniscal tears. Median time from injury to surgery was 48 days. For every 1-year increase in age, there was a 16% increase in the adjusted odds of having any meniscal tear (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.27; P = .002), with a 20% increase in the odds of having a medial meniscal tear (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.35; P = .002) and a 16% increase in the odds of having a lateral meniscal tear (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27; P = .003). For every 2-point increase in BMI, there was a 12% increase in the odds of having any meniscal tear (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P = .016) and a 10% increase in the odds of having a lateral meniscal tear (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P = .028). Conclusion: Pediatric patients undergoing ACLR had a 58% incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology. Increasing age and BMI were independent risk factors for these injuries, while no association was found between time to surgery and meniscal pathology.
Re-writing punishment? Songs and narrative problem-solving
Authors: Crockett Thomas Phil , McNeill Fergus , Cathcart Frödén Lucy , Collinson Scott Jo , Escobar Oliver , Urie Alison 
Published: March 2021

This article analyses findings from the Economic and Social Research Council/Arts and Humanities Research Council (ESRC/AHRC)-funded ‘Distant Voices – Coming Home’ project (ES/POO2536/1), which uses creative methods to explore crime, punishment and reintegration. Focusing on songs co-written in Scottish prisons, we argue that the songs serve to complicate and substantiate our grasp of what state punishment does to people, as well as perhaps affording their prison-based co-writers both moments and modalities of resistance to dominant narratives within criminal justice. In doing so, they creatively express and explore affective and perhaps even unconscious aspects of the self. We argue that our work contributes to a more expansive and considered treatment of narrative in criminology; one that admits and engages with a more diverse and creative range of expressions of experience and selfhood, all of them partial and some of them contradictory. By attending to diverse kinds of narratives embodied in these songs, we learn more about what criminalisation, penalisation and incarceration do to people and to their stories.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inhibition of PAD4 enhances radiosensitivity and inhibits aggressive phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Chen Hao , Luo Min , Wang Xiangping , Liang Ting , Huang Chaoyuan , Huang Changjie , Wei Lining 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor deriving from nasopharyngeal epithelium. Peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a vital mediator of histone citrullination and plays an essential role in regulating disease process. Radiotherapy is an essential method to treat NPC. In this research, we explored the effect of PAD4 on NPC radiosensitivity.

Methods

We enrolled 50 NPC patients, established mice xenograft model, and purchased cell lines for this study. Statistical analysis and a series of experiments including RT-qPCR, clonogenic survival, EdU, Transwell, and wound healing assays were done.

Results
Our data manifested that PAD4 (mRNA and protein) presented a high expression in NPC tissues and cells. GSK484, an inhibitor of PAD4, could inhibit activity of PAD4 in NPC cell lines. PAD4 overexpression promoted the radioresistance, survival, migration, and invasion of NPC cells, whereas treatment of GSK484 exerted inhibitory effects on radioresistance and aggressive phenotype of NPC cells. Additionally, GSK484 could attenuate the effect of PAD4 of NPC cell progression. More importantly, we found that GSK484 significantly inhibited tumor size, tumor weight and tumor volume in mice following irradiation.

Conclusions
PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 attenuated the radioresistance and cellular progression in NPC.
Bayesian approach for predicting responses to therapy from high-dimensional time-course gene expression profiles
Authors: Fukushima Arika , Sugimoto Masahiro , Hiwa Satoru , Hiroyasu Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistorical and updated information provided by time-course data collected during an entire treatment period proves to be more useful than information provided by single-point data. Accurate predictions made using time-course data on multiple biomarkers that indicate a patient’s response to therapy contribute positively to the decision-making process associated with designing effective treatment programs for various diseases. Therefore, the development of prediction methods incorporating time-course data on multiple markers is necessary.ResultsWe proposed new methods that may be used for prediction and gene selection via time-course gene expression profiles. Our prediction method consolidated multiple probabilities calculated using gene expression profiles collected over a series of time points to predict therapy response. Using two data sets collected from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and multiple sclerosis (MS), we performed numerical experiments that predicted response to therapy and evaluated their accuracies. Our methods were more accurate than conventional methods and successfully selected genes, the functions of which were associated with the pathology of HCV infection and MS.ConclusionsThe proposed method accurately predicted response to therapy using data at multiple time points. It showed higher accuracies at early time points compared to those of conventional methods. Furthermore, this method successfully selected genes that were directly associated with diseases.
Transcriptomic and volatile signatures associated with maize defense against corn leaf aphid
Authors: Pingault Lise , Varsani Suresh , Palmer Nathan , Ray Swayamjit , Williams W. Paul , Luthe Dawn S. , Ali Jared G. , Sarath Gautam , Louis Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop, with the United States accounting for over 40% of the worldwide production. Corn leaf aphid [CLA; Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)] is an economically important pest of maize and several other monocot crops. In addition to feeding damage, CLA acts as a vector for viruses that cause devastating diseases in maize. We have shown previously that the maize inbred line Mp708, which was developed by classical plant breeding, provides heightened resistance to CLA. However, the transcriptomic variation conferring CLA resistance to Mp708 has not been investigated.

Results
In this study, we contrasted the defense responses of the resistant Mp708 genotype to those of the susceptible Tx601 genotype at the transcriptomic (mRNA-seq) and volatile blend levels. Our results suggest that there was a greater transcriptomic remodeling in Mp708 plants in response to CLA infestation compared to the Tx601 plants. These transcriptomic signatures indicated an activation of hormonal pathways, and regulation of sesquiterpenes and terpenoid synthases in a constitutive and inducible manner. Transcriptomic analysis also revealed that the resistant Mp708 genotype possessed distinct regulation of ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways before and after aphid infestation. Finally, our results also highlight the significance of constitutive production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Mp708 and Tx601 plants that may contribute to maize direct and/or indirect defense responses.

Conclusions
This study provided further insights to understand the role of defense signaling networks in Mp708’s resistance to CLA.
Accounting for confounding by time, early intervention adoption, and time-varying effect modification in the design and analysis of stepped-wedge designs: application to a proposed study design to reduce opioid-related mortality
Authors: Rennert Lior , Heo Moonseong , Litwin Alain H. , Gruttola Victor De 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Beginning in 2019, stepped-wedge designs (SWDs) were being used in the investigation of interventions to reduce opioid-related deaths in communities across the United States. However, these interventions are competing with external factors such as newly initiated public policies limiting opioid prescriptions, media awareness campaigns, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, control communities may prematurely adopt components of the intervention as they become available. The presence of time-varying external factors that impact study outcomes is a well-known limitation of SWDs; common approaches to adjusting for them make use of a mixed effects modeling framework. However, these models have several shortcomings when external factors differentially impact intervention and control clusters.

Methods
We discuss limitations of commonly used mixed effects models in the context of proposed SWDs to investigate interventions intended to reduce opioid-related mortality, and propose extensions of these models to address these limitations. We conduct an extensive simulation study of anticipated data from SWD trials targeting the current opioid epidemic in order to examine the performance of these models in the presence of external factors. We consider confounding by time, premature adoption of intervention components, and time-varying effect modification— in which external factors differentially impact intervention and control clusters.

Results
In the presence of confounding by time, commonly used mixed effects models yield unbiased intervention effect estimates, but can have inflated Type 1 error and result in under coverage of confidence intervals. These models yield biased intervention effect estimates when premature intervention adoption or effect modification are present. In such scenarios, models incorporating fixed intervention-by-time interactions with an unstructured covariance for intervention-by-cluster-by-time random effects result in unbiased intervention effect estimates, reach nominal confidence interval coverage, and preserve Type 1 error.

Conclusions
Mixed effects models can adjust for different combinations of external factors through correct specification of fixed and random time effects. Since model choice has considerable impact on validity of results and study power, careful consideration must be given to how these external factors impact study endpoints and what estimands are most appropriate in the presence of such factors.