bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of capacity limitations in psychiatric work disability evaluations by the social functioning scale Mini-ICF-APP
Authors: Rosburg Timm , Kunz Regina , Trezzini Bruno , Schwegler Urban , Jeger Jörg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
Insurers frequently commission medical experts to estimate the degree of the remaining work capacity (RWC) in claimants for disability benefits. The social functioning scale Mini-ICF-APP allows for a rating of activity and participation limitations in thirteen capacity domains, considered as particularly relevant for work ability. The current study sought to evaluate the role of the Mini-ICF-APP ratings in psychiatric work disability evaluations, by examining how the capacity limitation ratings varied with the claimants’ primary psychiatric diagnoses and how the ratings were related to RWC estimates.

Methods
Medical experts estimated the RWC of 946 claimants with mental disorders and rated their activity and participation limitations using the Mini-ICF-APP, with higher ratings reflecting more severe limitations. The ratings were compared between claimants with different psychiatric diagnoses by analyses of variance. The mean Mini-ICF-APP rating across all capacity domains as well as all capacity-specific ratings were entered in simple or multiple regression models to predict the RWC in an alternative job.

Results
The Mini-ICF-APP capacity limitation ratings in all domains but mobility were higher for claimants with personality and behavior disorders as compared to those with mood disorders or with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. The largest differences were observed in social capacities (e.g. group integration: F 2, 847 = 78.300, P < 0.001). In claimants with depression, all ratings increased with the severity of the diagnosis (all Fs 2, 203 > 16.393, all Ps < 0.001). In the overall sample, the mean Mini-ICF-APP rating showed a strong negative correlation with the estimated RWC (r = −.720, P < 0.001). Adding the capacity-specific ratings to the prediction model improved this prediction only marginally.

Discussion
The Mini-ICF-APP allows for documenting claimants’ activity and participation limitations, which is likely to increase the transparency of medical experts’ RWC estimates and enables them to check the plausibility of such estimates. However, our study showed that despite the strong association between RWC and Mini-ICF-APP ratings, half of the RWC variance was unrelated to the capacity limitations documented in the Mini-ICF-APP.
Participation in a free medication program among non-registered permanent residents with severe mental disorders in Bao’an district, Shenzhen, China and its influencing factors
Authors: Lu Chu-Hong , Zhong Jian-Hu , Lv Ying-Dong , Luo Jia-Li , Cheng Juan , Qing Li , Chen Qing , Liu Cheng-feng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In 2016, the government of Bao’an District, Shenzhen, China launched a free medication program for all non-registered permanent residents with severe mental disorders (SMD) within its jurisdiction, in efforts to reduce the relapse caused by intermittent medication or non-medication. Participation in the program has not been analyzed since its inauguration. This study aimed to evaluate the participation of non-registered permanent residents with SMD in the program from 2016 to 2020 and to explore its influencing factors.

Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 3760 non-registered permanent residents with SMD in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, China (response rate: 78.64%). Data have been obtained from two sources: the Shenzhen Information System for Psychosis in 2020 and the free medication program’s management files from 2016 to 2020. We employ descriptive statistics to analyze the participation rate of the free medication program among non-registered permanent patients. Logistic regression analysis is used to explore the factors affecting the patients’ participation in the program.

Results
The participation rate of the free medication program among non-registered permanent patients has shown an upward trend, rising from 28.83% in 2016 to 58.32% in 2020. High participation rates have been registered among the following patient subgroups: those aged between 30 and 39 (63.11%), those with high school/technical secondary school (62.33%), those from rural areas (61.62%), those living in poverty (67.79%), those suffering schizoaffective disorder (72.26%), those having SMD for less than 5 years (59.89%), and those with family history of mental illness (71.23%).Logistics regression analysis shows that age, patient-guardian relationship, place of residence, financial condition, types of disease, duration of illness and family history are the main factors affecting the patients’ decision to participate in the free medication program.

Conclusion
The steadily increasing participation rate of the free medication program indicates that the program has been gradually accepted and recognized by non-registered permanent residents with SMD. However, nearly half of the patients have yet to join the program. To further raise the participation rate, special attention should be given to patients who are financially secure, aged below 20, without guardians, intellectually disabled or suffering SMD for over 5 years.
TGF-β3 regulates adhesion formation through the JNK/c-Jun pathway during flexor tendon healing
Authors: Jiang Ke , Li Yuling , Xiang Chao , Xiong Yan , Jia Jiameng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The injured flexor tendon has poor healing ability, which is easy to cause tendon adhesion. It can affect the recovery of tendon function, which is still a long-term and difficult task for surgeons. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been widely considered to play an important role in flexor tendon repair in recent years.

Aim
This work was to investigate the anti-adhesion and anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-β3 on flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon repair rats.

Method
Anastomosis models of tendon laceration in the flexion toes of rats were delivered with no treatment, vehicle, or TGF-β3 -overexpressed adenovirus vector (ad-TGF-β3) locally to the injured tendon area from day 3 to 8. Subsequently, the expression of TGF-β3, TGF-β1/2, Smad3, Smad7, JNK, phosphorylation (p)-JNK, c-Jun, and phosphorylation (p)-c-Jun were detected by western blot, the expression of Mmp9 and Mmp2 by RT-qPCR, the Range of motion (ROM) and gliding resistance by adhesion formation testing, the mechanical strength of tendon healing by biomechanical testing, the pathologic changes of flexor tendon tissues by HE staining, the expression of collagen type III by immunohistochemical staining, and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, COX2 and IL-1β in serum by ELISA, respectively.

Results
Rat models treated with no treatment showed a lower elevation of TGF-β3 and Smad7 expression, and a higher elevation of TGF-β1/2 and Smad3 expression, during day 14 to day 28. Besides, under the treatment of ad-TGF-β3, a significantly increase was reflected in the expression of TGF-β3 and Smad7, ROM, as well as mechanical strength of flexor tendon, whereas significantly reduction was shown in gliding resistance, the content of inflammatory cytokines, the ratio of p-JNK/JNK, p-c-Jun/c-Jun, as well as the expression of TGF-β1/2, Smad3, Mmp9, and Mmp2 genes, as compared to those from vehicle treatment. Meanwhile, TGF-β3 demonstrated a better pathologic recovery process with no obvious necrosis or fracture of collagen fibers. Besides, TGF-β3 revealed a significant reduction of collagen type-III expression in the flexor tendon healing tissues.

Conclusion
These findings suggested that TGF-β3 effectively protected against flexor tendon injury via regulating adhesion formation.
Long term treatment with ataluren—the Swedish experience
Authors: Michael Eva , Sofou Kalliopi , Wahlgren Lisa , Kroksmark Anna-Karin , Tulinius Már 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Ataluren is a relatively new treatment for male patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) due to a premature stop codon. Long-term longitudinal data as well as efficacy data on non-ambulant patients are still lacking. Here we present the results from a long-term follow-up study of all DMD patients treated with ataluren and followed at the Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden, with focus on the evolution of patients’ upper motor and respiratory function over time.

Methods
This is a retrospective longitudinal case-series study of all male DMD patients treated with ataluren and followed at the Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden, since 2008.

Results
Our eleven patients had a median exposure to ataluren of 2312 days which is almost a fourfold higher than previous studies. Loss of ambulation occurred at a median age of 13.2 years. Patients who lost ambulation prior to 13.2 years of age had received ataluren for 5 years, whereas patients who continued to be ambulatory after 13.2 years of age had received ataluren for 6.5 years until loss of ambulation or last follow-up if still ambulatory. Four of six non ambulatory patients had Performance of the Upper Limb scores above the expected mean values over time. All but one patient maintained a pulmonary decline above the expected over time. All ambulatory patients increased in their predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) with 2.8 to 8.2% annually. Following loss of ambulation, 5 of 6 patients declined in predicted FVC (%), with annual rate of decline varying from 1.8 to 21.1%. The treatment was safe and well tolerated throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusions
This is the first study to present long-term cumulative treatment outcomes over a median period of 6.3 years on ataluren treatment. Our results indicate a delay in loss of ambulation, as well as a slower decline in FVC and upper limb motor function even after loss of ambulation. We suggest that treatment with ataluren should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, closely monitored and, in case of sustainable benefit, continued even after loss of ambulation.
The expression and clinical significance of miR-1226 in patients with periodontitis
Authors: Du Yimin , Qi Yue-sun , Chen Hui , Shen Guorong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
miR-1226 has been reported to be dysregulated in periodontitis, implying its potential functional role, which needs to be validated. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical significance of miR-1226 in periodontitis.

Methods
Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 50 healthy volunteers and 72 periodontitis patients. The expression of miR-1226 in collected samples was detected by RT-qPCR. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. The relationship of miR-1226 expression level with patients’ characteristics was evaluated by the χ2 test and the Pearson correlation test.

Results
It was found that miR-1226 was downregulated in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients compared with healthy volunteers. The downregulation of miR-1226 was negatively correlated with the pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding index, and MMP-8 concentration of patients. miR-1226 showed high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate periodontitis patients from healthy volunteers. Additionally, periodontitis patients had a relatively high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is correlated with miR-1226 expression negatively.

Conclusions
miR-1226 could be an indicator for the diagnosis of periodontitis and has the potential to predict the development and severity of periodontitis.
Development and psychometric evaluation of a reflection on clinical practice questionnaire for nursing students
Authors: Bijani Mostafa , Mohammadi Fateme , Haghani Fariba , Yamani Nikoo , Karimi Shahnaz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Reflection on clinical practice is the core of education for nursing students. Evaluating reflection on clinical experiences requires a tool which accurately measures reflection skills. The present study aims to develop and test the psychometric properties of a tool for measuring nursing students’ reflection on clinical practice.

Methods
Based on a mix-method exploratory approach, the study was carried out in two stages: in the first stage (the qualitative phase), the concept of reflection on clinical practice was established. In the second stage (the quantitative phase), the psychometric properties of the developed scale were evaluated.

Results
Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis and the verification process, the final version of the scale came to consist of 36 items and 6 dimensions. The dimensions were: professional competence, internal sources of motivation, challenging situational clinical setting, dynamic organizational atmosphere, reflection-based self-management, and dynamic professional growth. Overall, 6 factors accounted for 62.79% of the variances. The factor loadings of the items ranged between 0.62 and 0.94, all of which were significant. The total intraclass correlation (ICC) of the scale was found to be 0.94. Also, evaluation of the reliability of the scale as measured through internal homogeneity yielded a total Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90.

Conclusion
The findings show that the developed scale for evaluation of nursing students’ reflection on clinical practice possesses satisfactory validity and reliability, and nursing professors can use this instrument to assess students’ reflection skills.
Examining GP online consultation in a primary care setting in east midlands, UK
Authors: Nijhof Dewy , Ingram Andy , Ochieng Rebecca , Roberts Emma-Jane , Poulton Barnaby , Ochieng Bertha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Increasing pressure threatens to overwhelm primary care services, affecting the quality of care and their role as gatekeepers to specialised care services. This study investigated healthcare users’ acceptability of – and the effectiveness of – an e-consultation system in primary care services.

Methods
Seven GP practices in East-Midlands, all of whom use online consultation system participated in the study, with a retrospective review being undertaken of 189 electronic patients’ records (age range of 18–76 years) over 5 months. The focus was on the electronic records of patients who accessed the service for five different conditions identified as presenting common conditions seen by the GPs practices. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS to perform an exploratory data analysis and descriptive statistics.

Results
The results showed a positive reception of the online consultation platform, with an average satisfaction score of 4.15 (most likely to recommend score = 5). Given the nature of the conditions, 47.6% of patients had experienced a previous episode of the health condition they were seeking consultation for, and a total of 72% had existing comorbidities. Follow-up activity occurred for 87.3% of patients, 66.1% of which included at least one follow-up visit for the same condition as the initial online consultation.

Conclusion
The results suggest that online consultation is convenient for patients, and it also has the potential to relieve pressure placed on primary care services. Although a number of challenges were identified, such as patient verification, this study gives insight into – and enhances our understanding of – the use of online GP consultations.
Fathers’ involvement in perinatal healthcare in Australia: experiences and reflections of Ethiopian-Australian men and women
Authors: Forbes Faye , Wynter Karen , Zeleke Berihun M. , Fisher Jane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Family-centred maternity care models include the expectation that fathers prepare for and attend the birth. In Australia over 20% of the population is from a culturally and linguistically diverse background. Public policies espouse culturally competent healthcare. Little is known about the experiences of perinatal health care of men from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities living in high income countries. The aim was to understand the experiences, attitudes and beliefs about father’s inclusion in perinatal healthcare, from the growing, and recently settled community of Ethiopian families living in Australia.

Methods
A qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews with Ethiopian-Australian men and women who had experienced Australian maternity care and were sampled for diversity of time since migration, and parity. Interviews were in English, audio-recorded, transcribed and then analysed thematically.

Results
Participants were seven women and six men all born in Ethiopia, including two couples. Key themes included: the loss of extended family through migration, new roles for both parents and the need to establish ‘family-like’ relationships with friendship groups in Australia. There was a willingness to involve male partners in the Ethiopian community in Australia, although it was recognised as a cultural change. Experiences of male partner involvement were mixed among healthcare types, with men attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) appointments less frequently than antenatal (ANC) appointments.

Conclusions
Results suggests men may be missing out on the education provided during antenatal appointments and may benefit from an alternative. There were not universally high levels of cultural competency among healthcare professionals, with further training still required. Commitment to paid employment remains a barrier to men’s involvement, suggesting that flexible working conditions and increased paternity leave would support their involvement. Alternatively services could utilise flexible delivery methods such as phone and zoom to include fathers.
Socioeconomic position and prognosis in premenopausal breast cancer: a population-based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Hjorth Cathrine Fonnesbech , Damkier Per , Ejlertsen Bent , Lash Timothy , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate how socioeconomic position (SEP) influences the effectiveness of cancer-directed treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patients in terms of breast cancer recurrence and mortality.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study nested in the ProBeCaRe (Predictors of Breast Cancer Recurrence) cohort (n = 5959). We identified all premenopausal women aged 18–55 years diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer and prescribed docetaxel-based chemotherapy in Denmark during 2007–2011. Population-based administrative registries provided data on SEP: marital status (married including registered partnership or single including divorced or widowed), cohabitation (cohabiting or living alone), education (low, intermediate, or high), income (low, medium, or high), and employment status (employed, unemployed, or health-related absenteeism). For each SEP measure, we computed incidence rates, cumulative incidence proportions (CIPs), and used Poisson regression to compute incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of recurrence and death. We stratified on estrogen receptor (ER) status/tamoxifen to evaluate interaction.

Results
Our study cohort included 2616 women; 286 (CIP 13%) experienced recurrence and 223 (CIP 11%) died during follow-up (median 6.6 and 7.2 years, respectively). Single women had both increased 5-year risks of recurrence (IRR 1.45, 95% CI 1.11–1.89) and mortality (IRR 1.83, 95% CI 1.32–2.52). Furthermore, we observed increased 5-year mortality in women with low education (IRR 1.49, 95% CI 0.95–2.33), low income (IRR 1.37, 95% CI 0.83–2.28), unemployment (IRR 1.61, 95% CI 0.83–3.13), or health-related work absenteeism (IRR 1.80, 95% CI 1.14–2.82), but smaller or no increased risk of recurrence. These findings were especially evident among women with ER+ tumors prescribed tamoxifen. Overall analyses (follow-up max. 10 years) provided similar results.

Conclusions
Low SEP in premenopausal women with non-metastatic breast cancer was associated with increased mortality, but not always recurrence. This suggests underdetection of recurrences in certain groups. Poor prognosis in women with low SEP, especially single women, may partly be explained by tamoxifen adherence.
Curcumol inhibits encephalomyocarditis virus by promoting IFN-β secretion
Authors: Zheng Jiangang , Xu Yinlan , Khan Ajab , Sun Panpan , Sun Yaogui , Fan Kuohai , Yin Wei , Wang Shaoyu , Li Hongquan , Sun Na 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection can cause reproductive failure in sows and acute myocarditis and sudden death in piglets. It has caused huge economic losses to the global pig industry and that is why it is necessary to develop effective new treatment compounds. Zedoary turmeric oil has been used for treating myocarditis. Curcumol extracted from the roots of curcuma is one of the main active ingredient of zedoary turmeric oil. The anti-EMCV activity of curcumol along with the molecular mechanisms involved with a focus on IFN-β signaling pathway was investigated in this study.

Method
3-(4,5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC), 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50), maximum inhibition rate (MIR) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) against EMCV. Through EMCV load, the anti-viral effect of curcumol was quantitatively determined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The effect of curcumol on the expression of IFN-β was investigated using real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA. Western blot was used to determine the amounts of MDA5, MAVS, TANK, IRF3 and P-IRF3 proteins in human embryonic kidney 293 T (HEK-293 T) cells infected with EMCV.

Results
The results of MTT showed that compared with the ribavirin positive control group, the maximum inhibition ratio (MIR) of curcumol was greater but the selection index (SI) value was much smaller than that of ribavirin. The results of qPCR showed that curcumol and ribavirin significantly reduced the replication of EMCV in HEK-293 T cells. The curcumol (0.025 mg/mL) treatment has significantly increased IFN-β mRNA expression in the EMCV-infected HEK-293 T cells while ribavirin treatment did not. The results of ELISA showed that curcumol (0.025 mg/mL and 0.0125 mg/mL) has significantly increased the expression of IFN-β protein in EMCV-infected HEK-293 T cells. The results of Western blot showed that curcumol can inhibit the degradation of TANK protein mediated by EMCV and promote the expression of MDA5 and P-IRF3, while the protein expression level of MAVS and IRF3 remain unchanged.

Conclusion
Curcumol has biological activity against EMCV which we suggest that IFN-β signaling pathway is one of its mechanisms.