bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The O'Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index is a clinically useful indicator of treatment outcome in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome with Hunner lesions: A post hoc analysis of the Japanese phase III trial of KRP‐116D, 50% dimethyl sulfoxide solution
Authors: Yoshimura Naoki , Uno Takashi , Sasaki Mitsuru , Ohinata Akira , Nawata Shigeki , Ueda Tomohiro 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of intravesical KRP‐116D, 50% dimethyl sulfoxide solution, in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients with Hunner lesions (Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis), and to evaluate the correlations between efficacy variables and global response assessment to determine what constitutes a minimal clinically important change.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the Japanese phase III trial of KRP‐116D. Changes at Week 12 from baseline in objective and subjective outcomes were compared between the KRP‐116D and placebo groups in Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis or non‐Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis patients. Correlations between efficacy variables at Week 12 and global response assessment were analyzed. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the cut‐off value of efficacy valuables were calculated to determine clinically meaningful changes.ResultsThe effectiveness of intravesical treatment with KRP‐116D was demonstrated in Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis, but not in non‐Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis patients. Global response assessment was closely correlated with subjective outcomes including O’Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index, O’Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index, and a numeric rating scale for bladder pain, but was less correlated with voiding variables including micturition frequency, voided volume, and maximum voided volume. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the cut‐off value for the O’Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index was −5 (sensitivity 81.3%, specificity 83.3%).ConclusionsClinical benefit of intravesical KRP‐116D in Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis patients was confirmed in this post hoc analysis. A five‐point reduction in O’Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index is a clinically meaningful indicator for assessing patient satisfaction with KRP‐116D treatment in patients with Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis.
Chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding 4 (CHD4) regulates early B cell identity and V(D)J recombination*
Authors: Hagman James R. , Arends Tessa , Laborda Curtis , Knapp Jennifer R. , Harmacek Laura , O’Connor Brian P. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryB lymphocytes develop from uncommitted precursors into immunoglobulin (antibody)‐producing B cells, a major arm of adaptive immunity. Progression of early progenitors to antibody‐expressing cells in the bone marrow is orchestrated by the temporal regulation of different gene programs at discrete developmental stages. A major question concerns how B cells control the accessibility of these genes to transcription factors. Research has implicated nucleosome remodeling ATPases as mediators of chromatin accessibility. Here, we describe studies of chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding 4 (CHD4; also known as Mi‐2β) in early B cell development. CHD4 comprises multiple domains that function in nucleosome mobilization and histone binding. CHD4 is a key component of Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase, or NuRD (Mi‐2) complexes, which assemble with other proteins that mediate transcriptional repression. We review data demonstrating that CHD4 is necessary for B lineage identity: early B lineage progression, proliferation in response to interleukin‐7, responses to DNA damage, and cell survival in vivo. CHD4‐NuRD is also required for the Ig heavy‐chain repertoire by promoting utilization of distal variable (VH) gene segments in V(D)J recombination. In conclusion, the regulation of chromatin accessibility by CHD4 is essential for production of antibodies by B cells, which in turn mediate humoral immune responses to pathogens and disease.
A “More Political” Commission? Reassessing EC Politicization through Language
Authors: Pansardi Pamela , Tortola Pier Domenico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to the study of the European Commission's (EC) politicization by examining this phenomenon from the angle of communication. We elaborate a novel approach based on two linguistic indicators – charisma and technicality – which we then apply through a content analysis of 8,947 speeches delivered by Commission members between 1999 and 2019. Contrary to the narrative of an ever more political Commission, we find that the linguistic politicization of the EC decreased over the period under exam, reaching its nadir during Jean‐Claude Juncker's presidential term (2014–19). Our findings raise the question of whether language is yet another ordinary dimension of politicization, or rather it is used strategically by the Commission to underplay its underlying politicization as measured in more traditional institutional, policy, and individual terms. Either way, our study highlights the multi‐faceted nature of the politicization concept, and the need for deeper and more nuanced analyses of it.
Competition Policy in Action: Regulating Tech Markets with Hierarchy and Experimentalism
Authors: Monti Giorgio , Rangoni Bernardo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough experimentalist governance – presented as a novel alternative to conventional hierarchical governance – has attracted attention over the past 15 years, we still know little about its real spread and scope conditions. Examining the application of competition policy to the digital sector, the article reveals that the European Competition Network and the procedures modernized in the early 2000s actually host a variety of governance processes, ranging from hierarchical development and enforcement of stable solutions at one extreme to experimentalist discretion of local actors, review of their implementation experiences, and central revisions in their light at the other. Futher, shifts from hierarchy to experimentalism might reverse. As for explanations, variation in governance processes cannot be explained by formal distributions of power, which were the same. Instead, the greater the uncertainty about solutions and the weaker the readily available coalitions in their support, the more actors favored experimentalist governance, and vice versa. The broader implications thus caution against general claims, challenge the influence of legal factors, and suggest that far from being necessarily antitethical, functional and political factors may bear together on the spread of distinct forms of governance.
Does Anyone Care? Cohesion Policy Issues in Sub‐national Politics
Authors: Gross Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA key element of the European Union's (EU) attempt to foster citizens' EU identification is its goal to improve citizens' quality of life via its Cohesion policy (CP). Although recent findings demonstrate that the allocation of CP money positively affects sub‐national parties' positions on EU integration and CP, we still do not know if sub‐national parties actually talk about CP issues in their manifestos. Using a unique data set based on manually coded 812 manifestos written by 95 different parties in 47 regions in Germany, Spain, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom between 2007 and 2016, it is argued that several party‐level characteristics are decisive for sub‐national parties' emphasis of CP issues. Even though sub‐national parties emphasize CP issues only to a small degree, the results of multilevel mixed‐effects Tobit regressions show that it is particularly regional government parties which emphasize CP issues when drafting their regional election manifestos.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibits replication of white spot syndrome virus in the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Zhang Yitong , Wen Jinxuan , Xu Yao , Wang Hao , Lu Liqun , Song Rui , Zou Jixing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii is native to North America and Mexico, and it was introduced to China in 1929. The production and consumption of P. clarkii in China are the highest worldwide, reaching 208.96 million tons in 2020. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major pathogen that affects shrimp, crayfish, crabs and lobsters, and it has caused widespread loss to the P. clarkii industry. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a small‐molecule compound, has a multitude of biological functions and the ability to bind to the 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LamR). EGCG has potential antiviral effects against WSSV. In this study, we evaluated the potential anti‐WSSV applications of EGCG in P. clarkii. We demonstrated that various concentrations (10 μg/g·bw, 20 μg/g·bw and 40 μg/g·bw) of EGCG can suppress WSSV infection in P. clarkii. Histopathological examination revealed no characteristic pathological changes due to EGCG administration in P. clarkii tissues. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics studies of EGCG in P. clarkii revealed its rapid absorption (Tmax = 2 h), and the peak concentrations of EGCG were 73.78 µg/g in the liver and 24.87 µg/g in the muscle. Our results indicate the high potential applications of EGCG against WSSV in P. clarkii.
The evolutionary relationship between arm vertebrae shape and ecological lifestyle in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
Authors: Goharimanesh Mona , Ghassemzadeh Fereshteh , De Kegel Barbara , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Stöhr Sabine , Mirshamsi Omid , Adriaens Dominique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOphiuroidea are one of the most diverse classes among extant echinoderms, characterized by their flexible arms composed of a series of ossicles called vertebrae, articulating with each other proximally and distally. Their arms show a wide range of motion, important for feeding and locomotion, associated with their epizoic and non‐epizoic lifestyles. It remains to be explored to what degree the phenotypic variation in these ossicles also reflects adaptations to these lifestyles, rather than only their phylogenetic affinity. In this study, we analyzed the 3D shape variation of six arm vertebrae from the middle and distal parts of an arm in 12 species, belonging to the intertidal, subtidal and bathyal zones and showing epizoic and non‐epizoic behaviors. A PERMANOVA indicated a significant difference in ossicle morphology between species and between lifestyles. A principal component analysis showed that the morphology of epizoic ophiuroids is distinct from non‐epizoic ones; which may reflect variation in arm function related to these different lifestyles. The Phylogenetic MANOVA and phylogenetic signal analysis showed that shape variation in the vertebral articulation seems to reflect ecological and functional adaptations, whereas phylogeny controls more the lateral morphology of the vertebrae. This suggests a convergent evolution through ecological adaptation to some degree, indicating that some of these characters may have limited taxonomic value.
Increased maternal serum aquaporin‐9 expression in pregnancies complicated with early‐onset preeclampsia
Authors: Ölmez Fatma , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Gedik Özköse Zeynep 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate maternal serum aquaporin‐9 (AQP9) concentrations in patients with early‐onset preeclampsia and compare them with the uncomplicated control group with normal blood pressure.MethodsThis was a prospective case–control study including pregnant women who were diagnosed with early‐onset preeclampsia between 200/7–340/7 weeks of gestation. Demographic and clinical characteristics, complete blood count and biochemical parameters, and serum AQP9 concentrations were documented. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to illustrate the sensitivity and specificity performance characteristics of AQP9 and a cut‐off value was estimated by using the Youden index.ResultsThe mean serum concentrations of maternal AQP9 were significantly increased in the early‐onset preeclampsia group (722.22 ± 211.80 pg/mL) than the control group (499.97 ± 68.89 pg/mL, p < 0.001). When we analyze the area under the ROC curve (AUC), the serum AQP9 value can be considered a statistically significant parameter for diagnosing preeclampsia. According to the Youden index, a 587.70 ng/mL cut‐off value of serum AQP9 level can be used to diagnose early‐onset preeclampsia with 80.0% sensitivity and 89.7% specificity.ConclusionMaternal serum AQP9 concentrations were significantly increased in early‐onset preeclampsia patients than healthy normotensive pregnant patients. We suggest that AQP9 might be a crucial biomarker of the inflammatory process in early‐onset preeclampsia.
Ethnic‐racial socialization in the context of the achievement gap discourse
Authors: Kuchirko Yana , Nayfeld Irena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMessages about race and ethnicity are embedded in everyday settings and interactions. Research on ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) commonly centers on relationships between youth and their teachers, parents, and peers as contexts of socialization. We propose another context for ERS: Discourse. We suggest that messages about race and ethnicity are part of larger, uncontested and unacknowledged Discourses—with an uppercase D—which refer to semiotic processes occurring at multiple layers of cultural, ideological, and social contexts. We zero in on the achievement gap discourse (AGD), a prevailing, uncontested and unacknowledged discourse that is rooted in U.S. racial hierarchies. We suggest that messages about ethnicity and race are conveyed to students and teachers through four avenues relevant to the AGD (1) Benchmarks and standards for student learning; (2) Curriculum and pedagogy; (3) Language around educational performance, and (4) Spaces of learning. We conclude with future directions that examine the relation between the AGD and ERS.
Risk factors and disease severity in Australian infants aged under 6 months hospitalised with influenza 2011–2019
Authors: McRae Jocelynne E , Blyth Christopher C , Cheng Allen C , Quinn Helen E , Wood Nicholas J , Macartney Kristine K ,   Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) and Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN) Investigators
Published: December 2021

AimInfants aged <6 months are vulnerable to severe influenza disease and no vaccine is approved for use in this age group. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, risk factors associated with severe outcomes and management of influenza in Australian infants aged <6 months.MethodsIncident cases aged <6 months of laboratory‐confirmed influenza were captured through two national active prospective sentinel hospital‐based surveillance systems in Australia from 2011 to 2019, inclusive. Demographic and clinical features, disease risk factors and outcomes (intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of stay) and oseltamivir use were analysed. The proportion of infant influenza hospitalisations and nosocomial cases among all hospitalisations were also reported.ResultsOf 680 hospitalised infants aged <6 months, 57.9% were male and 14.5% were Indigenous Australian. Median age was 2.6 months, 19.2% were born premature and 19.0% had a comorbidity, excluding prematurity. Overall, 77.9% had influenza A. Nosocomial cases accounted for 7.8%. ICU admission occurred in 14.7% and oseltamivir was prescribed for 18.8%. Factors associated with ICU admission included age <1 month (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47–10.60), comorbidity (aOR 7.69, 95% CI: 4.04–14.64) and prematurity (aOR 2.60, 95% CI: 1.40–4.81). The proportion of infants with influenza among all infant hospitalisations ranged 1.0–2.6% in the 2019 influenza season.ConclusionInfants aged <6 months, and particularly neonates, experience serious disease from influenza. This data underpins the need for preventative strategies such as maternal immunisation and continued investigation into the possibility of safe and efficacious vaccination prior to 6 months of age.
Effect of Mulberry Leaf powder on reproductive performance, serum indexes and milk amino acid composition in lactating sows
Authors: Yang Can , Tang XiaoWu , Duan YangYang , Tang JiaoYu , Tang QingHai , Yang Hai , Bin DongMei , Liu Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExperiment was conducted to study the effects of Mulberry Leaf (ML) powder on reproductive performance, serum and milk amino acid composition in sows. Fifty sows (D 85 at gestation) with parity 3 or 4 were randomly divided into 5 groups: C, M100, M200, M300 and M400, receiving 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g ML powder per sow per day. Blood and milk of sows at Days 1 and 21 of lactation were collected. Results showed that average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation was higher in groups supplemented ML compared with control group (p < 0.01). Litter weight gain during lactation was higher in M400 than in groups M200 and C (p < 0.05), with no significant difference compared with M100 and M300. Serum glucose concentration in groups M400 and M300 was higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.01). Serum HDL‐C concentration in group M400 was significantly greater than those in groups M100 and M200 (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between group M400 and groups M300, control. Milk amino acid concentrations such as isoleucine, leucine, lysine and valine were all lower in group M400 than in control (p < 0.01). Serum methionine (Met) concentration was higher in M300 than in other groups (p < 0.01). Milk Met concentration in group C was higher than those of the sows in the group M400, with no significant difference compared with groups M100, M200 and M300 (p < 0.05). Serum Lys and Met concentrations were lower in M400 than in control group (p < 0.05). In summary, our results have revealed the ML supplementation at a high dose such as 300 g/day during later gestation and lactation showed benefit in regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism in sows and then improved growth performance of their offspring.
A national census of forensic in‐patients with intellectual disability and five‐year follow‐up
Authors: Walker Helen , Mann Helen , Pitcairn Jamie , Thomson Lindsay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA national census was undertaken for the first time to establish number of patients with ID in secure forensic in‐patient services in Scotland and identify their treatment needs. All forensic mental health units were identified and contacted with a request to contribute. Response rate was 100%. Initial results in 2013 revealed 89 patients with ID, 83 male and six female. This group contributes to 17% of the overall forensic in patient population (n = 522). A higher proportion are from the North of Scotland. Key characteristics include an average age of 22 at first admission, history of violent offending, drug and alcohol abuse and self‐harm. Patients with ID in high secure services had significantly higher risk and total Historical Clinical Risk‐20 scores than those in a lower level. A range of significant health needs were identified enabling clinicians to build a profile of the population. A variety of medical, psychological and occupational interventions were utilised. Delivery seemed consistent across services, although poor recording made accurate assessment difficult. Nine percent were re‐admitted to a higher level of security within a 5‐year period (2013–2018). Repeated annual census findings revealed a slight decline in in‐patient numbers over a 5‐year period, although the proportion of ID patients (17%) remains constant. Data for 2018 indicate 85 people with ID, from a total in‐patient population of 490; female population increased to 10 (12%). Forty one (46%) patients either moved to a lower level of security or were discharged to community within a 5‐year period, indicating treatment success. This census provides unique evidence highlighting modest numbers of patients with ID, the majority of whom are cared for in low secure services. The populations' needs are considerable, but it is unclear if individual needs are being addressed. This requires further exploration, as does efficacy of interventions, in order to address the burden of psychological morbidity.
RETRACTED: A critical review on the mimetic theory of René Girard: Politics, religion, and violence
Authors: Imran Muzzamel Hussain , Zhai Zhihong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to introduce the mimetic theory of René Girard to explore the connection between culture and religious violence to deal with some critical problems in international affairs. It challenges the narrow conceptualization of the issue of religion and violence as an issue of religious violence. As often as the issue of religion and violence is structured in such a manner, allegedly to pick religion seriously without considering politics or culture seriously. The conception is limited because, as an idea, religion is always contested, negotiated, and developed socially, culturally, or politically. It is a biased interpretation of a world actuality, which under certain conditions grounds violence. Furthermore, this narrow definition of religion suits what critical scholars describe as a problem‐solving strategy to theory. This study demonstrates mimetic theory challenges and reconfigures the conventional interpretation of the issue of religious violence and critically analyse the causes of the hidden, exposed violence as well as the scapegoat mechanism that functions in both domestic cultures as well as in international affairs, maintaining political and cultural order of any society.
Urgent issues and prospects at the intersection of culture, memory, and witness interviews: Exploring the challenges for research and practice
Authors: Hope Lorraine , Anakwah Nkansah , Antfolk Jan , Brubacher Sonja P. , Flowe Heather , Gabbert Fiona , Giebels Ellen , Kanja Wangu , Korkman Julia , Kyo Akira , Naka Makiko , Otgaar Henry , Powell Martine B. , Selim Hedayat , Skrifvars Jenny , Sorkpah Isaac Kwasi , Sowatey Emmanuel A. , Steele Linda C. , Stevens Laura , Sumampouw Nathanael E. J. , Taylor Paul J. , Trevino‐Rangel Javier , van Veldhuizen Tanja , Wang Jianqin , Wells Simon ,   Anonymous
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe pursuit of justice increasingly relies on productive interactions between witnesses and investigators from diverse cultural backgrounds during investigative interviews. To date, the role of cultural context has largely been ignored by researchers in the field of investigative interviewing, despite repeated requests from practitioners and policymakers for evidence‐based guidance for the conduct of interviews with people from different cultures. Through examining cultural differences in human memory and communication and considering specific contextual challenges for investigative interviewing through the lens of culture, this review and associated commentaries highlight the scope for considering culture and human diversity in research on, and the practice of, investigative interviewing with victims, witnesses, and other sources. Across 11 commentaries, contributors highlight the importance of considering the role of culture in different investigative interviewing practices (e.g., rapport building, questioning techniques) and contexts (e.g., gender‐based violence, asylum seeking, child abuse), address common areas of cultural mismatch between interviewer–interviewee expectations, and identify critical future routes for research. We call for an increased focus in the investigative interviewing literature on the nature and needs of our global community and encourage constructive and collaborative discussion between researchers and practitioners from around the world to better identify specific challenges and work together towards evidence‐based solutions.