bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partisan‐Motivated Evaluations of Sexual Misconduct and the Mitigating Role of the #MeToo Movement
Authors: Klar Samara , McCoy Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen individuals evaluate something as serious as sexual misconduct allegations in politics, they are often motivated to defend their party—but outside forces can reduce these partisan biases. We bridge work from political psychology with studies of social movements to theorize how the #MeToo movement helps to mitigate partisan‐motivated evaluations of sexual misconduct. With a two‐wave survey experiment, we find that partisans are more likely to view out‐party members as guilty of sexual misconduct and that individuals less likely to reflect are particularly biased in their evaluations. We then turn to the #MeToo movement and its potential to promote reflection. We show that support for #MeToo is associated with more evenhanded evaluations of sexual misconduct in politics, particularly among those unlikely to reflect on their own. This study contributes to our broader understanding of how movements can induce reflection and moderate partisan‐motivated reasoning among the mass public.
Antepartum evaluation of the obstetric conjugate at transabdominal 2D ultrasound: A feasibility study
Authors: Di Pasquo Elvira , Volpe Nicola , Labadini Corinne , Morganelli Giovanni , Di Tonto Andrea , Schera Giovanni B. L. , Rizzo Giuseppe , Frusca Tiziana , Ghi Tullio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe obstetric conjugate represents the shortest anteroposterior diameter of the birth canal and it reflects the capacity of the pelvic inlet to allow the passage and the engagement of the fetal head. The antepartum evaluation of this parameter may be attempted at digital examination to predict the risk of cephalopelvic disproportion, but the accuracy of clinical pelvimetry is notoriously poor. The aim of our study was to describe the sonographic measurement of the obstetric conjugate at transabdominal 2D‐ultrasound and to assess its reproducibility.Material and methodsThis is a prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary University hospital. A non‐consecutive series of pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies attending the antenatal clinic for routine booking from 34 weeks of gestation onward were included. The ultrasound probe was longitudinally placed above the level of the symphysis and the interpubic fibrocartilaginous disk was visualized. Then the promontory was identified as the most prominent segment of the sacral vertebral column. The obstetric conjugate was measured as the distance between the inner edge of the interpubic disk and the promontory. The inter‐ and intraobserver repeatability of this measurement was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland–Altman method.ResultsIn all, 119 women were considered eligible for the study; of these, 111/119 (93.3%) women were included in the analysis with a median gestational age of 36.0 (35.0–37.0) weeks. The mean obstetric conjugate measurement was 11.4 ± 0.93 cm for the first operator and 11.4 ± 0.91 cm for the second operator. The overall interobserver ICC was 0.95 (95% [confidence interval] CI 0.92–0.96) and the overall intraobserver ICC was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.98). Limits of agreement ranged from −0.84 to 0.80 for interobserver measures and from −0.64 to 0.62 for intraobserver measures. The degree of reliability was also analyzed for women with a body mass index ≥30 and for women with a gestational age ≥37 weeks. The inter‐ and intraobserver ICCs were respectively 0.97 (95% CI 0.90–0.98) and 0.98 (0.95–0.99) in the former group and 0.96 (95% CI 0.93–0.98) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–0.98) in the latter group.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that among pregnant women at term gestation, sonographic measurement of the obstetric conjugate is feasible and reproducible.
Prospective study of dietary intake of branched‐chain amino acids and the risk of primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Hanyuda Akiko , Rosner Bernard A. , Wiggs Janey L. , Willett Walter C. , Tsubota Kazuo , Pasquale Louis R. , Kang Jae H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeMetabolomic and preclinical studies suggest that branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) may be inversely associated with neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma. We therefore assessed the long‐term association between dietary intake of BCAA and incident primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and POAG subtypes.MethodsWe followed biennially participants of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 65 531 women: 1984–2016), Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (42 254 men: 1986–2016) and NHSII (66 904 women; 1991–2017). Eligible participants were 40+ years old and reported eye examinations. Repeated validated food frequency questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake of BCAA. Incident cases of POAG and POAG subtypes defined by visual field (VF) loss and untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) were confirmed by medical record review. Multivariable‐adjusted relative risks (MVRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsWe identified 1946 incident POAG cases. The pooled MVRRs of POAG for the highest quintile (Q5 = 17.1 g/day) versus lowest quintile (Q1 = 11.2 g/day) of total BCAA intake was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.73–1.19; ptrend = 0.45; pheterogeneity by sex = 0.24). For subtypes of POAG defined by IOP level or POAG with only peripheral VF loss, no associations were observed for men or women (ptrend ≥ 0.20); however, for the POAG subtype with early paracentral VF loss, there was a suggestion of an inverse association in women (MVRRQ5versusQ1 = 0.80 [95% CI, 0.57–1.12; ptrend = 0.12]) but not in men (MVRRQ5versusQ1 = 1.38 [95% CI, 0.81–2.34; ptrend = 0.28; pheterogeneity by sex = 0.06]).ConclusionHigher dietary intake of BCAA was not associated with POAG risk.
Adverse events following immunization with bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Gao Jun , Kang Guodong , Hu Ran , Zhang Lei , Yu Jing , Wang Zhiguo , Tang Fenyang 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV; Sabin types 1 and 3) replaced the trivalent OPV (Sabin types 1, 2 and 3) globally in April 2016. A routine schedule of 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and 3 subsequent doses of bOPV was implemented in Jiangsu simultaneously. The schedule was changed to 2 inactivated poliovirus vaccines + 2 bOPV on 1 September 2019. Although OPV type 2 has been removed, challenges persist because of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) with bOPV. Therefore, we analysed and evaluated the safety profile of bOPV administered in children based on passive postmarketing AEFI surveillance.MethodsWe collected all bOPV‐related AEFI reports in Jiangsu from the Chinese National AEFI Information System (CNAEFIS) between May 2016 and April 2020. We obtained the administered doses of bOPV from the Jiangsu Provincial Electronic Immunization Registries System. A descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsIn total, 2084 bOPV‐related AEFIs were retrieved from the CNAEFIS. The overall reporting rate was 24.16 per 100 000 doses. Most AEFIs were nonserious. The most frequently reported symptoms were fever, rash and gastrointestinal disorders. Only 1.34% of AEFIs were serious, which thrombocytopenic purpura accounted for the largest category. Seventeen serious adverse events, including 2 vaccine‐associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases, were considered to be related to bOPV vaccination. The rate of VAPP was 0.2 per million doses.ConclusionAEFI analysis showed that bOPV was well tolerated. The events most frequently reported were nonserious. However, bOPV can still cause VAPP. Attention should be given to risks related to bOPV.
Mycophenolic acid and cancer risk in solid organ transplant recipients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hirunsatitpron Pannaphak , Hanprasertpong Nutthiya , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Pruksakorn Dumnoensun , Teekachunhatean Supanimit , Koonrungsesomboon Nut 
Published: July 2021

AimMycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used for prophylaxis of graft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. The main concern with the prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs is the risk of developing cancer. However, it remains unclear whether the immunosuppressive regimens containing MPA confer an increased degree of cancer risk. The present study aimed to determine the association between MPA exposure and the incidence of cancer in solid organ transplant recipients.MethodsA systematic search was performed on the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Relevant articles that had findings on the incidence (or event) of cancer in cohorts with and without MPA exposure were retrieved for data extraction. A meta‐analysis was conducted by means of the random‐effects model, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used as a summary effect measure.ResultsA total of 39 studies were eligible for inclusion, with 32 studies that enabled meta‐analysis. MPA exposure was significantly associated with a lower risk of cancer when compared to azathioprine exposure (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.53‐0.81, P < .001) or no exposure to any additional treatments (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73‐0.99, P = .04). There was no significant difference in cancer risk for the comparison between MPA exposure and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor exposure (RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.96‐2.46, P = .07).ConclusionsMPA exposure was not associated with an increased risk of cancer and may even be associated with a lower risk of cancer when compared to azathioprine or no treatment.
Geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in cesarean birth rates in Peru: A comparison between 2009 and 2018
Authors: Hernández‐Vásquez Akram , Chacón‐Torrico Horacio , Bendezu‐Quispe Guido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a global concern about the high rates of cesarean birth (CB). This study aimed to investigate the geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in CB rates in the Peruvian population.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based study using the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Surveys (ENDES, the Spanish acronym for Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar) between 2009 and 2018. ENDES reported data from births registered in the five years preceding survey execution. For the years 2009 (n = 10 289) and 2018 (n = 23 077), we calculated the weighted rates of CB among variables such as natural geographic domain (Coast, Andean, or Amazon), area of residence (rural or urban), wealth index quintile (quintile 1 is poorest, and quintile 5 is richest), and educational level. To assess inequalities, we calculated the concentration index (CIs), the slope index of inequality (SII), and the relative index of inequality (RII).ResultsThe CB rates by year were 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.0‐22.9) in 2009 and 34.5% (95% CI: 33.4‐35.5) in 2018. Women living in urban and coastal regions and with a higher education level had the highest CB rates. All the CIs were positive, reflecting a prowealthy inequality in CB rates, and both SII and RII were positive, indicating a gap between the use of cesarean in women in the higher wealth quintile compared with those in the lower quintile.ConclusionsCesarean birth rates have increased by 60% during the last decade in Peru. The richest wealth quintiles had the highest CB rates during the study years, which were well above global recommendations.
GJB5 association with BRAF mutation and survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Scatolini M. , Patel A. , Grosso E. , Mello-Grand M. , Ostano P. , Coppo R. , Vitiello M. , Venesio T. , Zaccagna A. , Pisacane A. , Sarotto I. , Taverna D. , Poliseno L. , Bergamaschi D. , Chiorino G. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundGap-junctional intercellular communication is crucial for epidermal cellular homeostasis. Inability to establish melanocyte–keratinocyte contact and loss of the intercellular junction’s integrity may contribute to melanoma development. Connexins, laminins and desmocollins have been implicated in the control of melanoma growth, where their reduced expression has been reported in metastatic lesions.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate connexin 31·1 (GJB5) expression and identify any association with BRAF mutational status, prognosis of patients with melanoma and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (MAPKi) treatment.MethodsGJB5 expression was measured at RNA and protein level in melanoma clinical samples and established cell lines treated (or not) with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MEKi), as well as in cell lines which developed MAPKi resistance. Findings were further validated and confirmed by analysis of independent datasets.ResultsOur analysis reveals significant downregulation of GJB5 expression in metastatic melanoma lesions compared with primary ones and in BRAF-mutated vs. BRAF-wildtype (BRAFWT) melanomas. Likewise, GJB5 expression is significantly lower in BRAFV600E compared with BRAFWT cell lines and increases on MAPKi treatment. MAPKi-resistant melanoma cells display a similar expression pattern compared with BRAFWT cells, with increased GJB5 expression associated with morphological changes. Enhancement of BRAFV600E expression in BRAFWT melanoma cells significantly upregulates miR-335-5p expression with consequent downregulation of GJB5, one of its targets. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-335-5p in two BRAFWT cell lines confirms specific GJB5 protein downregulation. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis also revealed upregulation of miR-335 in BRAFV600E melanoma cells, which is significantly downregulated in cells resistant to MEKi. Our data were further validated using the TCGA_SKCM dataset, where BRAF mutations associate with increased miR-335 expression and inversely correlate with GJB5 expression. In clinical samples, GJB5 underexpression is also associated with patient overall worse survival, especially at early stages.Conclusions
The relationship between executive functioning and self‐regulated learning in Australian children
Authors: Davis Helen , Valcan Debora Similieana , Pino‐Pasternak Deborah 
Published: July 2021

Executive functioning (EF) and self‐regulated learning (SRL) are established predictors of academic achievement, both concurrent and future. Although it has been theorized that EF development enables SRL in early childhood, this directional model remains empirically untested against plausible alternatives. Thus, this study investigated the longitudinal relations between children’s EF and SRL during the transition from kindergarten to Year 1 in an Australian sample to determine the direction and strength of the association between EF and SRL. We compared four directional models and also tested whether EF and SRL can be construed as manifestations of a common factor. Children’s EF was assessed using a battery of tasks tapping working memory, inhibition, and shifting, and their SRL was assessed by teachers using the Checklist of Independent Learning Development. Cross‐lagged structural equation modelling analyses were conducted on a longitudinal dataset of 176 children at the end of kindergarten (age M = 5 years, 8 months; SD = 4.02 months), and 1 year later (age M = 6 years, 5 months; SD = 3.65 months). EF predicted SRL longitudinally (β= .58, controlling for kindergarten SRL), consistent with common assumptions, whereas SRL did not predict EF. However, the common factor model also fit the data very well. We concluded that EF and SRL are indeed related concurrently and longitudinally but that further evidence is needed to disambiguate whether EF is best understood as a necessary antecedent of SRL development in early childhood, or whether they reflect the same general construct.
Systematic spacing and topological variations in layer‐bound fault systems
Authors: Ireland Mark T. , Morley Chris K. , Davies Richard J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolygonal fault systems, sometimes termed layer‐bound faults, are extraordinary features of many fine‐grained sedimentary successions and have been described in a significant number of sedimentary basins over the last two decades. Their formation represents an important mechanism by which fine‐grained sediments compact often resulting in a variety of complex patterns for which several controlling factors have been proposed. Here, three‐dimensional seismic data from the North West Shelf of Australia are used to interpret previously undescribed characteristics of layer‐bound fault systems where systematic horst and graben structures are the dominant structural style. Conjugate fault pairs, which form the horsts and grabens, frequently have a systematic spacing with graben‐bounding faults exhibiting a spacing of half that of the horst‐bounding faults. This systematic spacing of fault pairs indicates, (a) the presence of a mechanically weaker layer at the base of the fault system and (b) that the horizontal shortening required by the volume loss due to compaction can be accommodated without reaching saturation with respect to fault intensity. Furthermore, topological analysis indicates that areas with different patterns also have different intersection and branch characteristics, and these differences suggest that the growth of layer‐bound faults is not explained by a single model. The findings have implications for the genesis and growth of layer‐bound fault systems and the potential for cross‐stratal fluid flow.
Normobaric oxygen may correct chronic cerebral ischemia‐mediated EEG anomalies
Authors: Ding Jia‐Yue , Liu Yu , Rajah Gary‐B. , Chen Zhi‐Ying , Zhang Shi‐Yong , Ding Yu‐Chuan , Ji Xun‐Ming , Meng Ran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the safety and efficacy of normobaric oxygen (NBO) on correcting chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and related EEG anomalies.MethodsThis prospective randomized trial (NCT03745092) enrolled 50 cases of CCI patients, which were divided into NBO (8 L/min of oxygen supplement) group and control group (room air) randomly, and also enrolled 21 healthy volunteers. Two times of 30‐min EEG recordings with the interval of 45min of NBO or room air were analyzed quantitatively.ResultsThe CCI‐mediated EEG presented with two patterns of electrical activities: high‐power oscillations (high‐power EEG, n = 26) and paroxysmal slow activities under the normal‐power background (normal‐power EEG, n = 24). The fronto‐central absolute power (AP) of the beta, alpha, theta, and delta in the high‐power EEG was higher than that in healthy EEG (p < 0.05). The fronto‐central theta/alpha, delta/alpha and (delta + theta)/(alpha + beta) ratios in the normal‐power EEG were higher than those in healthy EEG (p < 0.05). The high‐power EEG in NBO group had higher fronto‐central AP reduction rates than those in control group (p < 0.05). NBO remarkably reduced the fronto‐central theta/alpha, delta/alpha, and (delta + theta)/(alpha + beta) ratios in the normal‐power EEG (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNBO rapidly ameliorates CCI‐mediated EEG anomalies, including attenuation of the abnormal high‐power oscillations and the paroxysmal slow activities associated with CCI.
Bank board changes in size and composition: Do they matter for investors?
Authors: Vallelado Eleuterio , García‐Olalla Myriam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis research seeks to explain whether changes in bank board size and/or composition signal the effectiveness of the board in terms of monitoring and advising.Research Findings/InsightsOur contribution provides empirical evidence on the negative reaction of investors to board changes, identifies the variables that explain this reaction, and finds that banks with experienced executive directors on their board are candidates to announce increases in board size. Our empirical analysis is based on 608 announcements by banks headquartered in 19 European countries over the period 2003–2015. We apply the Event Studies methodology, Heckman's analysis, system estimator regressions, and probit analysis.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur results allow us to conclude that investors perceive changes in board composition as an ineffective response to bank problems, except when the changes increase the number of non‐executives. Bank shareholders positively value board changes when the bank has a powerful corporate executive officer and negatively value those banks with high dividends that announce these changes. Banks with higher interest margin and higher executive experience and seniority are more prone to make changes in board size and composition, while those with powerful corporate executive officers, executive directors distracted by their responsibilities on other boards, higher non‐executive attrition, where all non‐executives are male, with one‐tier boards, headquartered in a large country, or those delisting from stock markets will avoid changes in board size.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study offers insights to policy makers interested in enhancing banks' corporate governance. Boards should improve the information and transparency of their announcements to signal the effectiveness of board decisions. In addition, it provides insights about the influence of Board Chairs who hold the position of corporate executive officer in the design and effectiveness of banks' corporate governance.
Consumer showrooming with supplier encroachment and omnichannel retailing
Authors: Zhang Shichen , Yao Yao , Zhang Jianxiong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsumers with uncertainty about product value often evaluate a product in a physical store but then purchase it online at a lower price. This popular shopping behavior is referred to as “showrooming.” Recent studies find that showrooming adversely affects the retailer. The advance of e‐commerce has attracted an increasing number of suppliers to the practice of building an online channel alongside their preexisting traditional retail channel and has encouraged numerous retailers to embark on the practice of omnichannel retailing. We explore the effects of consumer showrooming within a framework of both supplier encroachment and retailer omnichannel retailing where two types of consumer showrooming behaviors exist: intershowrooming and intrashowrooming. Our results show that both the supplier and the retailer can benefit from consumer showrooming when the consumers' hassle costs associated with visiting the retailer and the retailer's additional revenue associated with each visit are intermediate. Moreover, the retailer's omnichannel strategy may shrink this “win‐win” range because an extra online channel for the retailer will aggravate the competition effect of showrooming.
Implicit manual and oculomotor sequence learning in developmental language disorder
Authors: Lum Jarrad A. G. , Clark Gillian M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProcedural memory functioning in developmental language disorder (DLD) has largely been investigated by examining implicit sequence learning by the manual motor system. This study examined whether poor sequence learning in DLD is present in the oculomotor domain. Twenty children with DLD and 20 age‐matched typically developing (TD) children were presented with a serial reaction time (SRT) task. On the task, a visual stimulus repeatedly appears in different positions on a computer display which prompts a manual response. The children were unaware that on the first three blocks and final block of trials, the visual stimulus followed a sequence. On the fourth block, the stimulus appeared in random positions. Manual reaction times (RT) and saccadic amplitudes were recorded, which assessed sequence learning in the manual and oculomotor domains, respectively. Manual RT were sensitive to sequence learning for the TD group, but not the DLD group. For the TD group, manual RT increased when the random block was presented. This was not the case for the DLD group. In the oculomotor domain, sequence learning was present in both groups. Specifically, sequence learning was found to modulate saccadic amplitudes resulting in both DLD and TD children being able to anticipate the location of the visual stimulus. Overall, the study indicates that not all aspects of the procedural memory system are equally impaired in DLD.