bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal Residual Stresses on Polymer/Metal Interfacial Adhesion
Authors: Yao Qizhou , Qu Jianmin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the apparent fracture toughness of the interfaces of several epoxy-based polymeric adhesives and metal (aluminum) substrate is experimentally measured. Double layer specimens with initial interfacial cracks are made for four-point bending tests. Thermal residual stresses exist on the interface due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the underfill and aluminum. Silica fillers are used to modify the CTE of the epoxy-based adhesives so that various levels of interface thermal residual stresses are achieved. Finite element analysis is also performed to quantify the effects of CTE mismatch as well as the elastic mismatch across the interface. It is found that the apparent interfacial toughness is significantly affected by the thermal residual stress, while the effect of elastic mismatch is negligible. In general thermal residual stress undermines the resistance to an interfacial crack. In some cases the residual stress is sufficient to result in adhesive and/or cohesive failure.
Application of High Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Durability of Adhesively Bonded Composite Structures
Authors: Boinard P. , Pethrick R. A. , Banks W. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Composites materials, especially adhesively bonded structures are being used in a wide range of applications, including situations where they become exposed to high levels of moisture. Ingress of moisture into a polymeric material will in general lead to changes in its mechanical properties usually associated with plasticisation effects. In bonded composite structures, water ingress can influence not only the mechanical properties of the matrix but also those of the matrix-fibre and adhesive-adherent interfaces.
Over the last ten years, the application of high-frequency dielectric techniques to the characterisation of the integrity and durability of adhesively bonded metallic structures has been extensively investigated by the coauthors.
In general, a bonded structure resembles a wave-guide in which the adhesive layer is the dielectric. Changes in the characteristics as a function of time of exposure to the environment can be used to monitor the ageing of such structures. This paper discusses the application of the principles to the study of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) adhesively bonded composite structures. Carbon fibre is in general less conductive than aluminium material. However, it is sufficiently conductive to sustain the propagation of high-frequency dielectric signals. The effect of changes in the surface alignment and subsequent bulk orientation of carbon fibres on the dielectric propagation has been investigated. The ingress of moisture in the raw materials and in the joint structure is presented. The high-frequency time domain response (TDR) analysis allows the integrity of the structure to be explored and a good correlation is shown between TDR analysis and gravimetric results.
This study indicates that the success obtained in the application of high frequency dielectric measurements to adhesively bonded aluminium structures is also applicable to CFRP bonded structures. The dielectric study not only indicates a new way to assess the state of such a structure but is also producing new insights into the application of TDR measurement to non-isotropic materials.
Blade Loading and Numerical Slip Factor of Centrifugal Compressor Impellers
Authors: Oh JongSik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Through the state-of-the-art CFD approach, the Eckardt radial bladed and backswept impellers were analyzed to investigate the effect of blade loadings from blade design shape on the slip factor variation for the change of the flow rate. In addition, a new design of the blade profile was arbitrarily attempted to generate a center-loading pattern in the Eckardt backswept impeller. Three dimensional compressible turbulent flow analysis was applied, with the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model adopted, to get the numerical slip factor, using the mass-averaged concept, at the discharge plane of each impeller. The numerical slip factors are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and the Wiesner’s slip factors are found to deviate further from the numerical and experimental ones, especially in the two backswept impellers. The deviation angles and the blade loadings in the meridional channel are found in no direct relation with the trend of change of the slip factors. Blade-to-blade loadings in midspan location are, however, found in direct relation, especially at the sections where maximum loadings are to be expected. That information can be utilized in establishing an improved expression for slip factor in the future.
Development of a Temperature Profile Measurement Technique Based on Molecular Tagging Velocimetry
Authors: Thomson Scott L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of a new laser-based temperature measurement technique is explained. The technique is based on molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV), an established, non-intrusive method of obtaining velocity profiles throughout a fluid. MTV works by dissolving a photoluminescent chemical in water and directing an ultraviolet laser beam into the solution. The intensity of the light emitted by the chemical upon excitation by the UV beam is inversely related to the temperature of the fluid. Recent research has been directed towards quantifying this temperature-intensity relationship. The method of obtaining temperature measurements, including equipment setup and image analysis, is explained, and a summary of results is given.
A Modified Model for Predicting Flow Regime Transitions in Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow
Authors: Mostafa N. H. , El Mitwally E. S. , El Desoky A. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A Theoretical model for identifying the flow regime transition of air-water two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe is presented. In this work, when mapping the two-phase flow, the nonuniform liquid-to-wall shear stress around the pipe circumference and the interfacial shear stress were taken into consideration. This model was found in agreement with the experimental map of Mandhane et al. (1974) and the Modified Baker map (Ball et al. 1970) for mapping the two-phase flow. The proposed model is plotted for different pipe diameters. The superficial liquid velocity was found to increase four times in the stratified and bubble flow regimes when the pipe diameter was increased from 2.5 to 5 cm. This model enables for any user for working in different diameters.
A Modular Finite Element Parallel Fluid Applications Simulator
Authors: Wong K. L. , Baker A. J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the rapid advances in high-performance computing technology in recent years, researchers at the University of Tennessee have initiated a collaborative project to address the theoretical, algorithmic, and numerical implementation issues of computational mechanics simulations. To meet the challenge, a Parallel Interoperable Computational Mechanics Simulator System (PICMSS) has been established. Such effort entails the development of a modular finite element platform capable of admitting diverse CFD formulations, as well as closure models for physics phenomena, as required/derived by the users operating on supercomputers and networks of PC clusters. Incompressible Navier Stokes Benchmark solutions via a velocity-vorticity formulation are proposed to examine the integrity and scalability of PICMSS.
Full Vehicle Flow Simulation Using a Hybrid Mesh
Authors: Johnson James P. , Karlsson Silvia H. , Lim Jerry C. , Makowski Francis T. , Malan Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of wind tunnel tests to determine the aerodynamic performance of a motor vehicle with respect to drag and lift have matured to the point where results are available early enough in the design process to provide guidance to vehicle shape decisions. The technical advances that have led to this point now bring strong demands on solution accuracy and turnaround time in order for this technology to be included in mainstream design processes. This paper addresses accuracy issues and presents numerical results for a simulation of a production vehicle test in the General Motors full scale aerodynamic wind tunnel. A comparison to experimental data is presented. Computational solutions were obtained using a hybrid grid CFD model with the Fluent UNS solver running in parallel processing mode. The static pressure gradient was used as the error indicator to perform solution adaptive grid refinement.
Multithreading Parallelization of CFD Problems Under Microsoft Windows NT
Authors: Nicolescu Bogdan , Golubovici Gabriel , Oanta Emil M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a method of parallelization for computationally extensive problems on multiprocessor machines using a multitasking operating system and a regular compiler. The idea is to divide a process into independent tasks that represent as many execution threads distributed among the available processors. For the distribution of threads on different processors we offer two solutions one in which the operating system is doing this task and one in which it is the programmer’s job to specify which thread runs on which processor. As a model we choose the unsteady flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid through a channel with an obstacle inside. For an easy understanding of the method and for the purpose of outlining the general principles of such flows we considered the simplest geometry: a straight tube with an obstacle inside parallel to its walls.
Fluids Engineering Division Conferences: Revisited
Authors: Morrow Thomas B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ASME Fluids Engineering Division (FED) sponsors technical sessions at the FED Summer Meeting (FEDSM) and at the International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition (IMECE). This paper describes the way in which these conferences are organized, publicized and presented. The first version of this paper was presented at IMECE’97 in Dallas, TX. This version updates the Dallas paper by including attendance information from FEDSM’98 and ’99.
Early Earth zircons formed in residual granitic melts produced by tonalite differentiation
Authors: Laurent Oscar , Moyen Jean-François , Wotzlaw Jörn-Frederik , Björnsen Jana , Bachmann Olivier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe oldest geological materials on Earth are Hadean (&gt;4 Ga) detrital zircon grains. Their chemistry and apparently low Ti-in-zircon temperatures (≤700 °C) are considered to be inconsistent with crystallization in a magma of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite, although these are the dominant Archean (4.0–2.5 Ga) silicic rocks. Using a new data set of trace element contents in zircons from Paleoarchean Barberton TTGs (South Africa) and thermodynamic modeling, we show that these zircons have crystallized at near-solidus conditions from a compositionally uniform granitic melt. This melt is residual from the crystallization of a less evolved (tonalitic) parent and thereby shows major and trace element compositions different from bulk TTG rocks. A global compilation reveals that most Hadean detrital and Archean TTG-hosted grains share a peculiar zircon trace element signature that is distinct from the chemical trends defined by Phanerozoic zircons. Our model shows that the low Ti contents of early Earth zircons reflect crystallization at higher temperatures (720–800 °C) than initially inferred due to lower modeled TiO2 activity in the melt relative to previous estimates. We therefore propose that near-solidus zircon crystallization from a chemically evolved melt in a TTG-like magmatic environment was the dominant zircon-forming process on the early Earth.
Giving science the finger—is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) a biomarker of good luck? A cross sectional study
Authors: Smoliga James M , Fogaca Lucas K , Siplon Jessica S , Goldburt Abigail A , Jakobs Franziska 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore whether random chance, weak research methodology, or inappropriate reporting can lead to claims of statistically significant (yet, biologically meaningless) biomarker associations, using as a model the relation between a common surrogate of prenatal testosterone exposure, second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), and a random indicator of good luck.DesignCross sectional study.SettingUniversity sports performance laboratory in the United States. Data were collected from May 2015 to February 2017.Participants176 adults (74 women, 102 men), including university students, faculty, and staff with no history of injuries, disease, or medical conditions that would affect digit length.Main outcome measures2D:4D, body composition parameters potentially influenced by androgens (bone mineral content, bone mineral density, body fat percentage), and good luck (using poker hands from randomly selected playing cards as a surrogate).Results2D:4D significantly correlated with select body composition parameters (Spearman’srsrange −0.26 to 0.23; P<0.05), but the correlations varied by sex, participant hand measured, and the method of measuring 2D:4D (by photocopy or radiography). However, the strongest correlation observed was between right hand 2D:4D in men measured by radiograph and poker hand rank (rs=0.28, P=0.004).ConclusionsGreater prenatal exposure to testosterone, as estimated by a lower 2D:4D, significantly increases good luck in adulthood, and also modulates body composition (albeit to a lesser degree). While these findings are consistent with a wealth of research reporting that 2D:4D is related to many seemingly disparate outcomes, they are not meant to provide confirmatory evidence that 2D:4D is a universal biomarker of nearly everything. Instead, the associations between 2D:4D and good luck are simply due to chance, and provide a “handy” example of the reproducibility crisis within medical and scientific research. Biologically sound hypotheses, pre-registration of trials, strong methodological and statistical analyses, transparent reporting of negative results, and unbiased interpretation of data are all necessary for biomarker studies and other areas of clinical research.
Innovative Telemonitoring Enhanced Care Programme for Chronic Heart Failure (ITEC-CHF) to improve guideline compliance and collaborative care: protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ding Hang , Jayasena Rajiv , Maiorana Andrew , Dowling Alison , Chen Sheau Huey , Karunanithi Mohan , Layland Jamie , Edwards Iain 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionChronic heart failure (CHF) is a life-threatening chronic disease characterised by periodic exacerbations and recurrent hospitalisations. In the management of CHF, patient compliance with evidence-based clinical guidelines is essential, but remains difficult practically. The objective of this study is to examine whether an Innovative Telemonitoring Enhanced Care Programme for CHF (ITEC-CHF) improves patients’ compliance, and associated health and economic outcomes.Methods and analysisAn open multicentre randomised controlled trial has been designed. Patients will be recruited and randomised to receive either ITEC-CHF (n=150) or usual care CHF (n=150) for at least 6 months. ITEC-CHF combines usual care and an additional telemonitoring service including remote weight monitoring, structured telephone support and nurse-led collaborative care. The primary outcomes are the compliance rates with the best-practice guidelines for daily weight monitoring. The secondary outcomes include the compliance with other guideline recommendations (health maintenance, medication, diet and exercise), health (health-related quality of life, risk factors, functional capacity and psychological states) and economic outcomes related to the use of healthcare resources such as hospital readmissions and general practitioner/emergency department visits.Ethics and disseminationThe clinical trial has been approved by Peninsula Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC Reference: HREC/14/PH/27), Royal Perth Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference: 15-081) and the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference: HR 181/2014). We will disseminate the final results to the public via conferences and journal publications. A final study report will also be provided to the ethics committees.Trial registration numberRegistered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12614000916640).
Predictive validity of A-level grades and teacher-predicted grades in UK medical school applicants: a retrospective analysis of administrative data in a time of COVID-19
Authors: McManus I C , Woolf Katherine , Harrison David , Tiffin Paul A , Paton Lewis W , Cheung Kevin Yet Fong , Smith Daniel T 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo compare in UK medical students the predictive validity of attained A-level grades and teacher-predicted A levels for undergraduate and postgraduate outcomes. Teacher-predicted A-level grades are a plausible proxy for the teacher-estimated grades that replaced UK examinations in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also models the likely future consequences for UK medical schools of replacing public A-level examination grades with teacher-predicted grades.DesignLongitudinal observational study using UK Medical Education Database data.SettingUK medical education and training.ParticipantsDataset 1: 81 202 medical school applicants in 2010–2018 with predicted and attained A-level grades. Dataset 2: 22 150 18-year-old medical school applicants in 2010–2014 with predicted and attained A-level grades, of whom 12 600 had medical school assessment outcomes and 1340 had postgraduate outcomes available.Outcome measuresUndergraduate and postgraduate medical examination results in relation to attained and teacher-predicted A-level results.ResultsDataset 1: teacher-predicted grades were accurate for 48.8% of A levels, overpredicted in 44.7% of cases and underpredicted in 6.5% of cases. Dataset 2: undergraduate and postgraduate outcomes correlated significantly better with attained than with teacher-predicted A-level grades. Modelling suggests that using teacher-estimated grades instead of attained grades will mean that 2020 entrants are more likely to underattain compared with previous years, 13% more gaining the equivalent of the lowest performance decile and 16% fewer reaching the equivalent of the current top decile, with knock-on effects for postgraduate training.ConclusionsThe replacement of attained A-level examination grades with teacher-estimated grades as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic may result in 2020 medical school entrants having somewhat lower academic performance compared with previous years. Medical schools may need to consider additional teaching for entrants who are struggling or who might need extra support for missed aspects of A-level teaching.
Systematic review of patient-engagement interventions: potentials for enhancing person-centred care for older patients with multimorbidity
Authors: Søgaard Mathilde Bendix , Andresen Katrine , Kristiansen Maria 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionPerson-centred care based on systematic and comprehensive patient-engagement is gaining momentum across healthcare systems. Providing care that is responsive to the needs, values and priorities of each patient is important for patients, relatives and providers alike, not least for the growing population of older patients living with multi-morbidity and associated complex care trajectories.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of patient engagement interventions for older patients with multimorbidity.MethodsSystematic review conducted in August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the international databases Embase and PubMed. Reviewers carried out duplicate and independent data extraction and assessment of study quality. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used to assess the quality of the evidence for each study.ResultsWe included twelve studies from primary care setting and hospitals. The included studies were heterogeneous in terms of characteristics of populations, types of interventions to enhance patient-engagement, outcome measures and length of follow-up. Nine of the 12 included studies found significant improvements in health and patient-reported outcomes such as higher quality-adjusted life-years, fewer hospital visits and disease specific symptoms. Quality of the included studies was of low to moderate.ConclusionThis review identifies potential beneficial effects of interventions to enhance patient-engagement in older adults with multimorbidity. Nevertheless, the limited and very diverse evidence-based calls for more robust studies into efficient approaches to engaging older adults with multimorbidity in care trajectories.
‘It’s always in the back of my mind’: understanding the psychological impact of recovery following pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Anna Kathryn , Chang David , Chew-Graham Carolyn Anne , Rimmer Lara , Kausar Ambareen 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTen per cent of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy. There is limited previous research focusing on psychological well-being; unmet support needs impact negatively on quality of life. This paper reports the psychological impact of a pancreatic cancer diagnosis and subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy, exploring how patients’ lives alter following surgery and how they seek support.DesignInductive qualitative study involving in-depth semistructured interviews with 20 participants who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic or distal biliary duct cancer. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and anonymised, and thematic analysis used principles of constant comparison.SettingSingle National Health Service Trust in Northwest England.ParticipantsPatients were eligible for inclusion if they had had pancreaticoduodenectomy for head of pancreas cancer, periampullary cancer or distal cholangiocarcinoma between 6 months and 6 years previously, and had completed adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsAnalysis identified the following main themes: diagnosis and decision making around surgery; recovery from surgery and chemotherapy; burden of monitoring and ongoing symptoms; adjusting to ‘a new normal’; understanding around prognosis; support-seeking. Participants seized the chance to have surgery, often without seeming to absorb the risks or their prognosis. They perceived that they were unable to control their life trajectory and, although they valued close monitoring, experienced anxiety around their appointments. Participants expressed uncertainty about whether they would be able to return to their former activities. There were tensions in their comments about support-seeking, but most felt that emotional support should be offered proactively.ConclusionsPatients should be made aware of potential psychological sequelae, and that treatment completion may trigger the need for more support. Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) were identified as key members of the team in proactively offering support; further training for CNSs should be encouraged. Understanding patients’ experience of living with cancer and the impact of treatment is crucial in enabling the development of improved support interventions.