bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the VEGF Signaling Pathway in Immunosuppression and Hypoxia Stress: Analysis of mRNA Expression in Lymphocytes Mediating Panting in Jersey Cattle under Heat Stress
Authors: wang jian , Xiang Yang , Jiang Shisong , Li Hongchang , Flurin Caviezel , Katawatin Suporn , Duangjinda Monchai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Extreme panting under heat stress threatens dairy cattle milk production. Previous research has revealed that the gas exchange-mediated respiratory drive in critically ill dairy cattle with low O2 saturation induces panting. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling may play important roles in immunosuppression and oxidative stress during severe respiratory stress responses in heat-stressed cattle. The objectives of this study were to transcriptomically analyze mRNA expression mediating heat-induced respiratory stress-associated panting, evaluate gas exchange, screen hub genes, and verify the expression of proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes in lymphocyte pathways. Results: Jersey cattle were naturally heat-exposed. Physiological data were collected for response evaluation, and blood was collected for gas exchange and gene expression assays at 06:00, 10:00 and 14:00 continuously for one week. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole-blood samples for mRNA-seq and expression analysis of key pathway genes/proteins. The cattle respiration rates differed with time, averaging 51 bpm at 06:00, 76 bpm at 10:00, and 121 bpm at 14:00 (p < 0.05). Gas exchange analysis showed that both pH and pCO2 differed with time: they were 7.41 and 41 mmHg at 06:00, 7.45 and 37.5 mmHg at 10:00, and 7.49 and 33 mmHg at 14:00, respectively (p < 0.01). Sixteen heat-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 13 upregulated and 3 downregulated) were screened between 212 DEGs and 1370 heat stress-affected genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) hub gene functional analysis annotated eleven genes to signal transduction, six genes to the immune response, and five genes to the endocrine response, including both prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and VEGF. Gene Ontology(GO) functional enrichment analysis revealed that oxygen regulation was associated with the phosphorus metabolic process, response to oxygen levels, response to decreased oxygen levels, response to hypoxia and cytokine activity terms. The main signaling pathways were the VEGF, hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and TNF pathways. Four genes involved Integrin beta 3 (ITBG3), PTGS2, VEGF, and myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) among the 16 genes related to immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and endocrine dysfunction were identified as participants in the VEGF signaling pathway and oxygenation. Conclusion: These findings help elucidate the underlying immune and oxygen regulation mechanisms associated with the VEGF signaling pathway in heat-stressed dairy cattle.
Beyond building damage: estimating and understanding non-recovery following disasters
Authors: Loos Sabine , Lallemant David , Khan Feroz , McCaughey Jamie , Banick Robert , Budhathoki Nama , Baker Jack 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Following a disaster, crucial decisions about recovery resources often focus on immediate impact, partly due to a lack of detailed information on who will struggle to recover. Here we perform an analysis of surveyed data on reconstruction and secondary data commonly available after a disaster to estimate a metric of non-recovery or the probability that a household could not fully reconstruct within five years after an earthquake. Analyzing data from the 2015 Nepal earthquake, we find that non-recovery is associated with a wide range of factors beyond building damage, such as ongoing risks, population density, and remoteness. If such information were available after the 2015 earthquake, it would have highlighted that many damaged areas have differential abilities to reconstruct due to these factors. More generally, moving beyond damage data to evaluate and quantify non-recovery will support effective post-disaster decisions that consider pre-existing differences in the ability to recover.
Factors influencing Adoption of improved bread wheat technologies: a double hurdle approach in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Siyum Negussie , Giziew Almaz , Abebe Azanaw 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in Meket District, Amhara National Regional State, in northern Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data collected from 214 randomly selected farm households via a structured interview protocol was used for the study. Double-hurdle model was to identify factors affecting the probability of adoption and intensity of use of improved bread wheat varieties and associated technologies in the study area. The first hurdle of the model suggests number of oxen owned by household, mobile phone ownership, education level of the household head and access to extension services significantly affected the probability of any improved bread wheat variety adoption. The intensity of improved bread wheat variety adoption was significantly associated with ownership of main plots, participation in on-farm demonstrations, perception towards shattering problems of local bread wheat varieties, and annual income of household. The findings of this study highlight the importance of economic(such as number of oxen) and institutional(such as access to extension) factors related to agricultural extension and communication, the participation of farmers in on-farm demonstrations, wealth creation and acknowledging farmers’ perception regarding improved bread wheat variety attributes. Development interventions should strive to target such economic, institutional, and psychological factors to promote wider adoption of improved bread wheat technologies.
Benefit of chemotherapy differs in node-negative and node-positive stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma: analysis of the SEER database
Authors: Xiang Zhen-Fei , Hu Dan-Fei , Xiong Hua-Cai , Li Ming-Yao , Zhang Zhan-Chun , Shen Er-Dong , Li Wang-Zhong , Xiang Yan-Qun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We aimed to reveal factors associated with chemotherapy use and evaluate chemotherapy's benefit in patients with stage III NPC stratified by lymph node status. Patients and Methods: Overall, 1,452 patients with stage III NPC who underwent radiotherapy with (n=1361) or without (n=91) chemotherapy were identified in the SEER database. We identified predictors for chemotherapy use using logistic regression analysis. We compared all-cause mortality (ACM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression and competing risk analyses were used to evaluate chemotherapy benefit. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach was applied to reduce selection bias and adjust for competing risks. Subgroup analyses and interaction effects were explored.Results: Factors including age, sex, insured status, tumor grade, and N category were associated with chemotherapy use. Chemotherapy was associated with decreased 5-year ACM (31.4% vs. 48.4%, p<0.001) and CSM (25.5% vs. 35.8%; p=0.017) in stage III NPC patients. The IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio for 5-year ACM was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.38–0.86, p=0.008), whereas IPTW-adjusted sub-hazard ratio for 5-year CSM was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.42–0.93, p=0.003). A significant interaction effect existed between lymph node status and treatment modality. Chemotherapy offered a significant survival benefit in node-positive stage III NPC. However, no chemotherapy benefit for the node-negative disease was observed.Conclusion: Chemotherapy adds survival benefit in stage III NPC, especially in patients with node-positive disease. The magnitude of chemotherapy benefit in node-negative stage III NPC warrants further investigation.
First report of morphological and molecular characterization of Moroccan populations of Globodera pallida
Authors: Hajjaji A. , Mhand R. Ait , Rhallabi N. , Mellouki F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) are the most important potato pest causing major crop losses across the world with a quarantine status in many countries. In Morocco, several potato crops are infected with PCNs and the monitoring of potato production as well as the control of import and export of potato seeds are currently carried out by morphological methods. The present work was aimed to use molecular and morphometric methods for identifying and differentiating PCN species in Morocco for the first time. The morphological identification of PCN species from collected soil samples were carried out using the shape of the cysts, the length of the stylet, the number of cuticular ridges, and the Granek’s ratio. The J2 had a slightly shorter body length, the number of cuticular ridges was 9 and the Granek’s ratio averaged 2.2. The morphobiometric analysis revealed proximity of the Moroccan population to G. pallida species. PCNs sampled from contaminated fields were analyzed molecularly using PCR. DNA amplification was performed using the multiplex PCR method and PCR-RFLP from the ITS region of the total genomic DNA compared to multiplex PCR-specific DNA sequences. All confirmed the presence G. pallida in all samples of the Moroccan PCN populations.
Performance of entomopathogenic nematodes on the mealybug,Dysmicoccus brevipes(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the compatibility of control agents with nematodes
Authors: Zart Marcelo , de Macedo Mariana Ferracim , Simões Santos Rando Jael , Doneze Gabriela Souza , Brito Cassia Pereira , de Souza Poletto Rodrigo , Alves Viviane Sandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe performance of nine isolates ofHeterorhabditis amazonensisand one ofHeterorhabditis indicaon the mealybugDysmicoccus brevipes,(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), were evaluated. The most virulent isolates were evaluated for nematode vertical and horizontal dispersal, and for efficiency at concentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/cm2on adult females of the insect. A compatibility assessment was also carried out with commercial products, registered or in the process of registration, for use in the cassava culture. The isolates that caused the highest mortality rate ofD. brevipeswere NEPET11 (93.8% ± 4.1) and IBCB-n40 (84.0% ± 8.1), both isolates ofHeterorhabditis amazonensis, while the isolate NEPET11 was more virulent than IBCB-n40 at all concentrations evaluated. In the dispersal test, the NEPET11 isolate caused mortality in the mealybug at a depth of up to 20 cm and a horizontal displacement of 7.25 cm. In the compatibility test, the NEPET11 isolate exhibited reduced viability due to the products Poquer, Tiguer 100 EC, Actara 250 WG, and Gaucho FS. The insecticide Curyom 550 EC was the only one that reduced infectivity (reduction of 92%) and is the only product classified as moderately toxic, while all the others were classified as compatible based on E%.
Concentration of water use permit and volume-based fees in Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Francisco Wellington , Souza Jackeline Lucas , Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo Silveira , Medeiros Damasceno Francisco Adelmo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research aims to identify the level of concentration of the volume granted (the so-called permit) by grantee sectors in the State of Ceará, Brazil, as well as to simulate both the impact of the permit fees, and to conjecture about the permit concentration trend due to fee increase. The Gini index is calculated for all users with granted volume; next, fees are applied to the volume granted, observing the impact of charging to users; and lastly, the migration of irrigation users are conjectured based on the volume granted. The results indicate high Gini index for the supply, industry and irrigation; high impact on irrigation charge and low impacts on supply and industry; and concentration trend in irrigation due to elevated charges when the permit fee is applied. The authors conclude that the joint charging (consumption and permit) is relevant, as long as an effort is made by the basin committee to increase acceptance of a substantial fee increase.
Recent Trends in Carbon Nanotubes Based Prostate Cancer Therapy: A
Biomedical Hybrid for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Raman Sureshkumar , Murugesan Raja 
Published: February 2021

:
At present, treatment methods for cancer are limited, partially due to the solubility, poor
cellular distribution of drug molecules and the incapability of drugs to cross the cellular barriers.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) generally have excellent physio-chemical properties, which include
High-level penetration into the cell membrane, high surface area, and high capacity of drug-loading
by circulating modification with biomolecules, projecting them as an appropriate candidate to
diagnose and deliver drugs to Prostate Cancer (PCa). Additionally, the chemically modified CNTs
possess excellent 'biosensing' properties, thus helping them detect the PCa easily without a fluorescent
agent and additionally, targeting the particular site of PCa. In this way, drug delivery can accomplish
high efficacy, enhanced permeability with less toxic effects. While CNTs have been mainly
engaged in cancer treatment, a few studies are focused on the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
Here, we have meticulously reviewed the current progress of the CNTs-based diagnosis and the targeted
drug delivery system for managing and curing PCa.
Psoriasis Lesion Detection Using Hybrid Seeker Optimization-based Image Clustering
Authors: Dash Manoranjan , Londhe Narendra Digambar , Ghosh Subhojit , Raj Ritesh , Sonawane Rajendra 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In recent years, there has been a massive increase in the number of people
suffering from psoriasis. For proper psoriasis diagnosis, psoriasis lesion segmentation is a prerequisite
for quantifying the severity of this disease. However, segmentation of psoriatic lesions
cannot be evaluated just by visual inspection as they exhibit inter and intra variability among the
severity classes. Most of the approaches currently pursued by dermatologists are subjective in nature.
The existing conventional clustering algorithm for objective segmentation of psoriasis lesion
suffers from limitations of premature local convergence.

Objective:
An alternative method for psoriatic lesion segmentation with objective analysis is
sought in the present work. The present work aims at obtaining optimal lesion segmentation by
adopting an evolutionary optimization technique that possesses a higher probability of global convergence
for psoriasis lesion segmentation.

Method:
A hybrid evolutionary optimization technique based on the combination of two swarm intelligence
algorithms, namely Artificial Bee Colony and Seeker Optimization algorithm, has been
proposed. The initial population for the hybrid technique is obtained from the two conventional local-
based approaches, i.e., Fuzzy C-means and K-means clustering algorithms.

Results:
The initial population selection from the convergence of classical techniques reduces the
effect of population dynamics on the final solution and hence yields precise lesion segmentation
with a Jaccard Index of 0.91 from 720 psoriasis images.

Conclusion:
The performance comparison reflects the superior performance of the proposed algorithm
over other swarm intelligence and conventional clustering algorithms.
Administration of Autologous Mesenchymal Cells for the Treatment of Arthritis
Authors: Prodromos Chadwick , Rumschlag Tobias 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Injection of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) as stromal vascular
fraction, culture expanded adipose derived stem cells, minimally manipulated fat graft, bone
marrow aspirate or cultured bone marrow MSCs, for osteo- and inflammatory arthritis have shown
good clinical efficacy in many studies. Questions have been raised as to their safety despite no evidence
known to us that they are unsafe when used this way. We hypothesized that AMSC injections
are completely safe for the treatment of arthritis.

Methods:
A PubMed literature search was performed to identify adverse events specifically related
to the injection of autologous mesenchymal or hematopoietic stem cells into arthritic joints or intravenously.

Results:
2,011 reported injections were found. No stem cell specific adverse events were identified.
Specifically no infections, tumorigenesis, or chondrolysis from collagenase were found.

Conclusion:
Intra-articular injection of autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of
arthritis is completely safe with no stem cell specific adverse events yet documented, and no increased
risk compared with other traditional treatments for arthritis.
A Wake-up Call for Burnout in Portuguese Physicians During the COVID-19 Outbreak: National Survey Study
Authors: Ferreira Sónia , Sousa Mafalda Machado , Moreira Pedro Silva , Sousa Nuno , Picó-Pérez Maria , Morgado Pedro 
Published: February 2021

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak has imposed physical and psychological pressure on health care professionals, including frontline physicians. Hence, evaluating the mental health status of physicians during the current pandemic is important to define future preventive guidelines among health care stakeholders.

Objective
In this study, we intended to study alterations in the mental health status of Portuguese physicians working at the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic and potential sociodemographic factors influencing their mental health status.

Methods
A nationwide survey was conducted during May 4-25, 2020, to infer differences in mental health status (depression, anxiety, stress, and obsessive compulsive symptoms) between Portuguese physicians working at the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic and other nonfrontline physicians. A representative sample of 420 participants stratified by age, sex, and the geographic region was analyzed (200 frontline and 220 nonfrontline participants). Moreover, we explored the influence of several sociodemographic factors on mental health variables including age, sex, living conditions, and household composition.

Results
Our results show that being female (β=1.1; t=2.5; P=.01) and working at the frontline (β=1.4; t=2.9; P=.004) are potential risk factors for stress. In contrast, having a house with green space was a potentially beneficial factor for stress (β=–1.5; t=–2.5; P=.01) and anxiety (β=–1.1; t=–2.4; P=.02).

Conclusions
It is important to apply protective mental health measures for physicians to avoid the long-term effects of stress, such as burnout.
Assessment of Outcomes of Immediately Loaded Dental Implants in Orofacial Cleft Patients: Protocol for a Single-Arm Clinical Trial
Authors: Mallick Rizwana , Pisulkar Sweta Kale , Reddy Srinivas Gosla 
Published: February 2021

Background
Orofacial cleft, one of the most common congenital deformities, presents with a plethora of defects, subjecting the patient to a multitude of treatments from a young age. Among the oral hard tissue problems, absence of a maxillary permanent tooth in the cleft region either due to congenital absence or extraction due to compromised prognosis is a common finding. Conventionally, the missing tooth is replaced using a removable or fixed partial denture; however, the treatment modality does not satisfactorily meet patient expectations. The most recent decade has seen increasing use of dental implants in the cleft region; however, the outcome of an immediately loaded dental implant is still elusive for orofacial cleft patients.

Objective
This protocol is for a single-arm clinical trial aimed at determining the treatment outcome of immediately loaded dental implants in patients with a nonsyndromic orofacial cleft.

Methods
Patients meeting the set criteria will be sequentially enrolled until a sample size of 30 dental implants is met and will undergo the proposed treatment according to the predecided protocol. All patients will be followed up at the designated time intervals to record various clinical and radiographic parameters. Implant success will be defined based on the criteria elucidated by Misch et al in the Pisa, Italy Consensus. A quality-of-life assessment questionnaire will also be recorded at the end of patient’s follow-up to determine their acceptance of the treatment.

Results
A total of 30 dental implants will be placed in patients with a nonsyndromic orofacial cleft. Obtained results will be statistically analyzed to determine the treatment outcomes and success.

Conclusions
This study will help determine the feasibility of immediately loaded dental implants in compromised bone sites such as those presented in cleft patients and will help in generating findings that can be used to fill the lacunae currently present in the holistic treatment of cleft patients.

Trial Registration
Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/09/027997; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=47659&EncHid=&userName=dental%20implants

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/25244
Korelasi asupan makronutrien dengan indeks massa tubuh, kadar gula darah, dan protein total darah pada pengguna narkoba
Authors: Siahaan Ginta , Bakara Tiarlince , Yusnita Yusnita , Kasmiyeti Kasmiyeti 
Published: February 2021

Correlation of macronutrient intake with body mass index, blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug usersBackground: Random blood sugar level and total blood protein need to be measured among drug users because their macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, fat, protein, and energy) are not appropriate to the pattern of daily habits before uses drugs. Drug users had decreased appetite during the influence and withdrawal symptoms of drugs with the impacts on their body mass index (BMI). Objective: To analyze the correlation of macronutrient intakes between the random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI drug users.Methods: This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design and observational study. 73 drug users were included in the study with the screening by inclusion criteria. 24-hour food recall was used to collect the macronutrient intakes, random blood sugar levels and total blood protein were monitored by the GOD-PAP method, and BMI was measured by weight and height. Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation test in bivariate and multivariate was carried out by multiple linear regressions. Results: Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between macronutrient intakes (energy, carbohydrate, fat) with random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI. BMI was the most affected by energy (β=0.531), random blood sugar level was the most affected by carbohydrates (β=0.073), and total blood protein was the most affected by protein (β=0.837).Conclusions: Macronutrient intake is significantly related to BMI, random blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug users. Community collaboration with related parties such as the public health service and National Narcotics Agency will very quickly detect drug side effects early on eating disorders that will affect the nutritional status of its users.