bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of photon and neutron dose distribution from the Varian Clinac 2300EX 15 MV medical LINAC with MCNP6 Code
Authors: Sihaloho K , Riyatun  , Kusumandari  , Suharyana  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The X-ray and neutron beam characteristics of the Varian Clinac 2300EX LINAC were obtained by simulation and computation using the MCNP6 software. An electron source with an energy of 15 MeV is used to produce an X-ray beam which is then directed to the phantom 100 cm distance from the electron source. With an irradiated area (10 × 10) cm2, the average X-ray dose on the phantom surface obtained was (2,91 ± 0,47) 10−15 Gy/e. For better isodosis, a triangular prism-shaped within nickel material flattening filter was installed to produce an X-ray beam profile with an average dose of (2,04 ± 0,22) 10−16 Gy/e. During LINAC 15 MV operation, the mean neutron dose was detected (8,57 ± 0,55) 10−20 Sv/e. The neutron energy spectrum has been simulated, the distribution of thermal energy intensity is 0,06%, epithermal energy is 0,74%, and the most distribution is fast energy 99,20%. The ratio of neutron equivalent dose to the central axis X-ray dose (ξ) was calculated. The value of ξ meets the allowable limit of < 1/1000 Sv/Gy, recommended by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The ξ values obtained at several phantom depths in this study indicate the values allowed by the IEC.
Physical properties and structural characteristics of alkali modified fly ash
Authors: Purbasari A , Ariyanti D , Sumardiono S , Masyaroh M , Salsabila T R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fly ash as residue from coal combustion has potential for environmental applications as an adsorbent for water pollution treatment. Adsorption performance of fly ash depends on fly ash origin and chemical treatment. Modification by the chemical treatment could increase the adsorption capacity. In this paper, fly ash was alkali modified with NaOH solution at various concentrations (2 N, 4 N, 6 N, 10 N) at a temperature of 60 °C. The physical properties and structural characteristics of unmodified fly ash and alkali modified fly ash were studied from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analysis, and also scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The results showed that alkali modification could increase surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume in fly ash. Unmodified fly ash and alkali modified fly ash could be classified as mesoporous materials and exhibited type IV nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms with H3 hysteresis loop according to the classification of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). SEM observations revealed that modified fly ash had rougher surface and more porous structure than that of unmodified fly ash. Alkali modification had changed the physical properties and structural characteristics of fly ash that supports its application as an adsorbent.
Synthetize of Nano Particles a-Fe2O3 Material from Waste Magnetic Filter Ceramic Tile Industry Prepare by Calcination Method as Photocatalyst Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Ayuningtiyas Anggi , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Wahyudi Kristanto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, there has been a lot of research on the synthesis of hematite nanoparticles, due to its properties and application in renewable energy and environmental remediation. Hematite is suitable for photocatalyst material since the advantages of its properties which is stable under ambient conditions, resistance to corrosion, cheapest and have narrow band gap. However, the potential raw material which rich of iron oxide can be supplied from waste magnetic filter in ceramic tile industries. In this paper, synthetize nano particles hematite was studied using calcination method. Raw materials originated from waste magnetic filter one of ceramic manufacturer in West Java. Raw material was calcined at temperature 800 °C and 900 °C then applied as photodegradation of methylene blue. The XRD analysis showed that nanoparticles hematite was formed gradually according to calcination temperature. The best photodegradation results were obtained by 0,11 g mass nanoparticles hematite, during 3 hours under irradiation visible light.
Low-cost Fabrication of PDMS Microfluidic Chamber using Digital Cutter Machine
Authors: Anshori I , Harimurti S , Hartono M S , Althof R R , Rizalputri L N , Handayani M , Mengko Tati L E R , Yuliarto B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Microfluidic chamber or channel is one important tool in the lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology, which usually serves as a platform to contain liquid analytes. The conventional method to fabricate microfluidic chamber is based on photolithography technique. However, it is a high-cost process and requires special equipment, such as mask aligners and expensive photosensitive resist material. In this work, we fabricated the microfluidic chamber and channel using a much simpler and lower-cost technique that is using PDMS as the main material and polyimide tape as the mold. Using this method, the diameter of the microfluidic pattern (channel/chamber) could be made up to as small as 1 mm and the height of the flow channel was down to tens or hundreds of μm scale-depending on the thickness of the tape. The flow test results showed that low cost and simple microfluidic fabrication method had a good performance and could potentially be further used for real analyte flow test.
Plasma dielectric barrier discharge for degradation of textile wastewater in a continuous system
Authors: Oktaviana R I , Kusumandari K , Saraswati T E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plasma Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) can be applied to degrade textile wastewater. In this study, a DBD plasma reactor was composed of two electrodes of stainless-steel mesh as the outer electrode and Cu wire as the inner electrode with pyrex glass as the dielectric barrier. The electrodes were connected to an AC voltage of 3.07 kV. As much as 1500 ml of textile wastewater has flowed continuously into the system. Variations time of treatment were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Physical parameters of textile wastewater such as pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), and absorbance were measured before and after treatment to determine the effect of plasma. As a result, the highest degradation efficiency of 54.29% was obtained after treating the textile wastewater for 120 min.
Synthesis and determination of ozone levels in the ozonated waste cooking oils by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma
Authors: Pratiwi Y , Putri E A , Kusumaningsih T , Saraswati T E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Converting the waste cooking oil into the ozonated oil is one way to reduce environmental pollution. The synthesis of ozonized oil can be done with plasma technology using the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma method. This research aims to synthesize the ozonized waste cooking oil using DBD plasma and determine the ozone levels therein. Plasma was generated using argon and oxygen gas at a flow rate ratio of 0.6 L/min:0.4 L/min that connected to an AC voltage of 5 kV. The treatment was done with time variations of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. The results of the treatment were investigated with UV-Vis spectrophotometer and ozonation titration. Furthermore, the reactive species present in plasma were analyzed with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). After the treatment, the waste cooking oil has a clearer color than before treatment. The absorption peaks of waste cooking oil and treatment oil were observed at 240 and 273 nm. Meanwhile, the highest ozone concentration of 0.197 ppm was achieved for 30 min plasma treatment. The results conclude that the waste cooking oil is able to be converted to the ozonated oil by DBD plasma generated in this study with high efficiency.
Compositional dependence of density and refractive index in borotellurite glass
Authors: Marzuki A , Djeksadipura W M S , Suryanti V , Fausta D E , Saraswati Azmi , Singgih G T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Borotellurite glasses with composition (in mol%): 57B2O3–20TeO2–15Bi2O3–3TiO2–(4-x)Na2O–1Tm2O3-xHo2O3 (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) have been fabricated and characterized aims at studying their density, molar volume and refractive index. Glasses were fabricated by melt quenching method. Density measurements were carried at room temperature using picnometer while their refractive indices were determined by applying Brewster angle method. It is observed that both density and molar volume tend to increase with increasing Ho3+ ions concentration. The density, molar volume as well as refractive index of the reported glass increases from 4.72 to 4.91 g/cm3, 31.80 – 32.18 cm3/mol, 1.4906 to 1.7253, respectively, with increasing holmium oxide (Ho2O3) concentration. Other properties characterized the glasses were also derived, including oxygen packing density, field strength and polaron radius.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cooper Complexes with 2-Aminobenzothiazole
Authors: Widowati MK , Rahardjo S B , Marliana S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complexes of copper(II) with aminobenzothiazole are synthesized by mixing CuSO4.5H2O with aminobenzothiazole in 1:4 mole ratio of metal to ligan in methanol and stirres for three hours. The forming of complex was indicated by the shift of maximum wavelength to the shorter wavelength (823 nm to 731 nm) show transition 2B1g → 2A1g. The formula of complexes are predicted from analysis metal in complexes by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and cooper content is 9.54%. Electrical conductivity measurements resulted in non-electrolite. Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG/DTA) showed that the complex contained two H2O molecules. The IR spectral data showed a shift in the absorption of the NH2 functional group indicating that the functional group is coordinated to the Cu(II) monodentately. The nature of the magnetic complex was determined by Magnetic Susceptibility Balance (MSB) which results in μeff was 1.83 ± 0.04 BM indicating that the complex was paramagnetic.
Effect of Na2O/PbO substitution on physical and optical properties of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses
Authors: Marzuki A , Zikri R A , Jauhariyah M N R , Fausta D E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Er3+-doped tellurite glasses with chemical compositions (in mol%): 55TeO2-35ZnO-(5+x)PbO-2Bi2O3-(2-x)Na2O-Er2O3 with x = 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0) were synthesized and explored their physical and optical properties. Density and refractive index were measured at room temperature and other physical properties such as ionic packing ratio, field strength, polaron radius, internuclear distance and molar refraction were derived. It was found that Na2O substitution by PbO causes both refractive index and glass density increase.
The influence of mountain papaya and bitter melon extract supplementation on aspartate transaminase enzyme in diabetic rats models
Authors: Sasongko H , Shofa A N , Advaita N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate mountain papaya fruit extract (MFE) and bitter melon fruit extract (BFE) supplementation on aspartate transaminase enzyme in diabetic rat models. Aspartate transaminase (AST) is one of the enzymes produced when liver damage occurs by free radicals. MFE and BFE contain flavonoids that have antioxidant activity to neutralize free radicals. Forty rats were divided into 8 groups (n=5) such as normal control, 0.25 % CMC-Na as negative control, silymarin at dose 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w) as positive control, and treatment groups by 174 mg/kg b.w MFE, 380 mg/kg b.w BFE, MFE:BFE (75:25)%, MFE:BFE (50:50)%, MFE:BFE (25:75)% orally. Alloxan at dose 150 mg/kg b.w used intraperitoneally for induction. AST level measured before the induction of alloxan (pretest), on day 7th, 14th, and 21st after treatment. The data of AST levels were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD. The results showed that all combined extract and single-dose could significantly reduce AST levels (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control group. The effect of a single extract dose was not significantly different (p > 0.05) with combination to reduce AST levels.
Two-Pair Primers PCR-CTPP Optimization to Identify rs1057910 CYP2C9 Gene Variants in Surakarta
Authors: Niruri R , Ardyanto TD , Pangastuti A , Sutarno  , Kusherwati DA 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) gene variants (rs1057910) cause inter-individual drug dose variability. Polymerase chain reaction confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) is cost effective and time-saving method. Before genotyping a large number of samples, the PCR-CTPP need to be optimized. This research aimed to optimize PCR CTPP in order to identify rs1057910 CYP2C9 gene variant in Surakarta. Forty deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) samples were obtained from Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital. The optimization steps were determining of two-pair primer ratio and the optimum PCR annealing temperature (Ta). The PCR-CTPP results were analyzed directly by agarose gel electrophoresis. The optimum Ta was at C using outer (Foward1-Reverse2) and inner (Foward2-Reverse1) primer ratio of 1:2. From 40 DNA samples, CYP2C9*1/*1 (92.5%) and CYP2C9*1/*3 (7.5%) were observed based on PCR-CTPP and sequencing results. The PCR-CTPP optimization method successfully identified the rs1057910 CYP2C9 gene variants. The results were consistent with validation using DNA sequencing.
Loading Optimization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle as Drug Delivery Agent
Authors: Lestari W A , Wibowo F R , Wahyuningsih S , Saputra O A , Lestari W W , Gomez-Ruiz S , Mukti R R , Martien R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the potential candidates as a drug delivery agent that has been widely developed is mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), which has several unique features. The high surface area and pore volume, tunable size particle, biocompatibility, and non-toxic are great features promising drug delivery carriers. The optimum condition to load the drug onto MSN is needed to maximize the loading of drugs. The drug loading is influenced by factors, such as silica to drug ratio, time, and pH condition. In this study, we had conducted the optimization of drug loading into MSN by implemented the Box-Behnken design of experiments. Also, the influence of each factor can be obtained through statistical calculation. The results showed that silica to drug ratio and pH condition significantly affect the loading capacity of MSN. The optimum condition obtained at silica to drug ratio, time, and pH conditions is 1, 48, and 3, respectively.
A systematic literature review (SLR): evaluation pharmacokinetic profile of drug combined p-glycoprotein (p-gp) alkaloid inhibitor in white rats (rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Yugatama A , Rahmawati H , Niruri R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a protein transporter as an active efflux pump of many xenobiotics. P-gp plays an important role in the pharmacokinetic process that it will affect the bioavailability of the drug. Secondary metabolites of alkaloids are known to be P-gp inhibitors which can modulate P-gp expression so it will increase the bioavailability of various drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of alkaloid administration as a P-gp inhibitor on the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Articles were retrieved from the Science Direct and Pubmed databases from 2000 to 2020 with the inclusion criteria are P-gp substrate used as a synthetic drug also has a pharmacokinetic profile measurement and exclusion criteria are articles in English and there were no duplication of articles. SLR research results show that secondary metabolites of alkaloids can significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters of P-gp substrate such as the area under curve (AUC), peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and time to reach Cmax (Tmax), clearance (Cl), distribution volume (Vd) and half-life (T1/2) in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Therefore, it shows that alkaloids can act as P-gp inhibitors.
Cytotoxicity effect of nonpolar extract from parijoto (medinilla speciosa reinw. ex. bl) fruit against hela and widr cell line
Authors: Artanti A N , Pujiastuti U H , Susanto R K , Pratiwi L D , Prihapsara F , Rakhmawati R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy agent in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, due to drug resistance and its side effects are much needed an agent that can be combined with cisplatin. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Reinw.ex.Bl) have potential cytotoxic effect derived from natural ingredients. The study aims to determine the potential cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract from Parijoto fruit calculated from the value of IC50 and the profile of these extract on normal cell. The determination of the cytotoxic effect of Parijoto fruit extract using MTT assay that the results can be read absorption by using ELISA reader. Data analysis is calculated by linear regression methods by using Microsoft Excel software. Results showed that ethyl acetate and n-hexane of parijoto fruit performed cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell line with IC50 respectively, 352,9 μg/mL; 904,7 μg/mL while the value of ethyl acetate and n-hexane of parijoto fruit performed cytotoxic effect on WiDr cell line with IC50 respectively, 554,9 μg/mL; 434,4 μg/mL. Data analysis showed that the cytotoxicity effect of nonpolar extract from parijoto fruit is include in the moderate cytotoxic category.
Synthesis of 4-(2-Chloropropyl)-2-Methoxyphenol from Eugenol and Ketoprofen by Hydrohalogenation Reaction using HCl Catalyst
Authors: Yugatama A , Ramelan A H , Niruri R , Aisiah N F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Eugenol is a phenolic compound that has hydroxy and allyl groups in its structure. Eugenol can be transformed into its derivative through esterification and addition reactions. Esters can be synthesized through Fischer esterification reactions using concentrated HCl as catalyst. The use of HCl as catalyst in esterification of eugenol may form 4-(2-chloropropyl)-2-methoxyphenol from hydrohalogenation reaction between the allyl eugenol and HCl. The purpose of this study was to determine the formation of a 4-(2-chloropropyl) 2-methoxyphenol compound as a result of hydrohalogenation reaction eugenol and ketoprofen using HCl as catalyst and to find out the identification of the compound. The results showed that synthesis of 4-(2-chloropropyl)-2-methoxyphenol compound as eugenol derivative was formed by hydrohalogenation reactions. The compound was identified based on the results of the analysis using FTIR, GC-MS, and HPLC instruments.
Development of Single Sized Aggregate Porous Concrete for Sustainable Road in Low Traffic Area
Authors: Setyawan A , Suryoto  , Wibowo  , Rifai M , Sumarsono A , Handayani F S , Qosam O I 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPorous concrete design with selected gradation and the developed method is proven to be able to withstand light traffic loads and pass water so that rainwater can be used optimally and keep the ground surface remains a green open area. Porous Concrete is a special concrete material produced with aggregate, cement and water with high porosity, which is between 15 to 30 %, so that water can be easily to pass. The main function of porous concrete is as a concrete pavement covering the soil surface with the aim that water can easily flow under the concrete layer, and thus the excess surface water will be reabsorbed into the ground, rather than just being wasted into the sea, the method of producing porous concrete has been patented. The mixture creates an open cell structure, allowing rainwater to penetrate the underlying land. It can be used for low-traffic areas. Porous concrete that uses one size aggregate or uniform aggregate has low compressive strength but good permeability. Porous concrete at 28 days age has a compressive strength between 3 to 28 MPa with a porosity of 14 to 31 % and a permeability ranging from 0.25 to 6.1 mm / second.
Aqueous L-alanine molecular interaction from Gibb’s free energy: CPCM and SMD in DFT and ultrasonic studies
Authors: Shende A T , Tayade N , Tirpude M P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
L-Alanine (ALA) in water spontaneously forms stable zwitterions. It is observed in a present work that the stimulation to revert can be done by ultrasonic waves. It’s molecular interaction in aqueous system can be found from the Gibb’s free energy. It has been examined experimentally by estimating the Gibb’s free energy using the ultrasonic method for the verification of theoretical result. The theoretical work performed within the computational DFT framework for the different solvation models. This paper deals with two different solvation models, the CPCM and the SMD, which are implemented in a Density Functional Theory preferred with non-hybrid functional and analyzed interaction perspective. The weak interactions by NCI also analyzed for difference. Further, BP86 reported difference in both model. The SMD model is also tested by using B3LYP and PBEh-3 to compare ΔG.
Ultrasonic investigation on physico-chemical behavior of starch at different temperature
Authors: Gopal A Mathana , Lancy S Irudaya Sahaya , Poongodi J , Pandey Krishna Kumar , Raj A Moses Ezhil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this present study, the bio-polymer material starch was used to understand the behaviour of bio-polymer material under ultrasonic investigation at different temperatures. In our regular foods, Starch is also found there and it is a bio-polymer which is produced by plants. For the starch soluble bio-polymer with double distilled water at 303K, 308K, 313K, 318K, 323K, 328K & 333K over the entire range the ultrasonic velocity and also the other acoustical properties have also been studied and with these useful data related with sound’s speed, viscosity, free volume and internal pressure the Auerbach surface tension were calculated. From 303K to 333K, the Thermodynamic interaction of starch solution was studied experimentally by using the ultra-sonic interferometer at 2MHz. For the different temperature regions, the other parameters such as density, viscosity were also measured. In addition to this, adiabatic compressibility (βa), free volume (Vf), Acoustic Impedance (Z), Intermolecular free length (Lf), Internal Pressure (πi) and Enthalpy (H) were calculated. Based on these values, the variations of interactions in aqueous starch solution have been analyzed. The analysis of the experimental results suggests the weak existence of intermolecular interactions between the components of molecules. It is concluded that the concentration of the solute and the nature of the solvent play an important role in determining such molecular interactions. This study also highlights the factor involved in solute-solvent interactions and opens up a new method of investigation for the biomedical applications of starch. This conclusion highlights the importance of the ultrasonic velocity measurement in the given medium for detecting the molecular interactions and also for characterizing the thermo-acoustical properties of the medium.