bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Approach to D&A Late Life Planning and Preparation: Era of Innovative Solutions
Authors: Lim Jia Rou , Mohd Thiyahuddin Mohd Izzat , Ghazali Muhammad Arif Iskandar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
New approach to Decommissioning and Abandonment (D&A) during late life planning and preparation is essential to the Operators to make D&A a more affordable and sustainable aspect of the Oil & Gas (O&G) business. D&A of offshore structures is a necessary requirement in the life cycle of hydrocarbon production. Removal of the structural components of an offshore platform, including the topside and jacket, represents up to 20% of the total decommissioning cost. This includes removal and transportation of the platform structure, substructures and other materials for further remediation, e.g., disposal at onshore via scrapping, repurpose, reefing, etc. The objectives of this paper include reviewing the current methods and efforts in Malaysia to remove and transport end-of-life structures and to propose innovative solutions to optimize the structural removal cost in decommissioning.
The proposed recommendations consist of two categories; firstly, this research suggests improvements from the current available technologies and investigates more effective expenditure options on methods of structural removal. Secondly, this actionable insight explores novel solutions of maximising in-situ solutions. Few recommendations are proposed to be implemented in the platform decommissioning strategy. There is a huge Potential Value Creation (PVC) of adopting these recommendations as an attempt to reduce high cost of structural removal in decommissioning.
This paper presents an overall review of the current capabilities and available technologies in the region. Decommissioning in Southeast Asia (SEA) presents a unique challenge and opportunity compared to other parts of the world. Decommissioning capabilities in SEA possess a huge growth potential to match the maturity, in terms of experience and portfolio, of the D&A players in other regions such as Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and North Sea. This will improve as increasingly number of decommissioning projects will be completed by PETRONAS in the future. In addition, the distinct and rich marine ecosystems present great opportunities for various in-situ solutions to be maximized for the benefits beyond oil & gas applications.
Offline Well Abandonment SIMOPs: An 81 Well Phase I & II Case Study Enabling ABEX Reduction in South East Asia
Authors: Canny Steven A. , Amarin Jane , Pinprayong Verapich , Sratongroy Chumpae , Pitchayang Pancharat , Patanapoothong Vijak , Sonsai Thatree 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the decommissioning phase of oilfield facility lifecycles, focus pivots from positive net present value to executing the care and preservation, then decommissioning in the safest and most environmentally sensitive manor, and at the lowest total cost of ownership. Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) is a long-term liability carried on the balance sheet, as a provision for the cost to return a wellsite to pre-exploration condition. The reduction of abandonment and decommissioning expenditure (ABEX) in executing compliant operations is a key business performance factor, and critical in executing higher volumes of wells earlier than planned. In doing so maximizing value to company shareholders, residents, industries and government level stakeholders.
In the case study, an offline pre-abandonment and Phase I primary reservoir isolation project is presented, which seeks to maximize net project efficiency via offline wellbore intervention, executing the primary reservoir isolation of the wellbore via rigless techniques. This approach contributed to ABEX reductions by up to 40% per well vs the planned approval for expenditure (AFE) provisions taken for the operations.
The project execution structure utilized offline intervention and Phase I primary reservoir isolation of 81 wellbores, across 5 wellhead platforms and 47 days continuous operations. Operations were part of a simultaneous operation (SIMOPS) project, as an offline work front located on the wellhead platform (WHP) weather deck. A second work front for Phase II and Phase III well abandonment operations, is executed concurrently, from the jack-up rig cantilever above the WHP. Live well operations are conducted concurrently by both work fronts, through the Christmas Tree (XT) and pressure control equipment in Phase I, and through the drilling riser and blowout preventor for Phase II and Phase III, to maximize productivity when the rig is on location.
The scope of operations included wellhead qualification, wellbore access and preparation, well kill, injectivity testing, various wellbore preparation and cement placement techniques, pressure testing and lubrication of the wellbore. The operator's system engineering, design of operations and planning agility are key to its success. Acute focus was given to the batching of operations and delivery of these in a phased approach to increase productivity and maintain high service delivery through repetition of tasks.
The project successfully executed Incident Free Operations (IFO) with 100% productive time and facilitated combined project performance, which delivered wells up to 44% ahead of the planned AFE. To enable this, over 4.19 million feet of slickline was run, conveying 428 bottom hole assemblies (BHAs), preparing the wellbores to isolate 804 primary reservoirs, and 2 intermediate reservoirs.
Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective
Authors: Christensen David , Re Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred.
The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion.
Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning.
When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry.
There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
Advancements in Techniques for Complex Plug and Abandonment Using Survey Management and Magnetic Ranging Methods
Authors: Dorey Jamie , Rassadkin Georgy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Complex plug and abandonments are required when it is not possible to permanently seal a wellbore utilizing conventional methods. This paper will provide an overview of advanced survey management techniques and their application to complex wellbore abandonment operations. The overview will include the utilization of technologies including active magnetic ranging, gyroscopic and magnetic surveys, and advanced survey correction algorithms. The economic benefits due to the successful outcomes will be shown as well as the mitigation of potential environmental hazards to groundwater aquifers.
The described methods have been proven in real-world scenarios, where complex technical challenges necessitate the requirement of a complex abandonment. Two case studies will be presented; one operation where the target well suffered from a restriction in the casing that prevented access to the reservoir, and another where a wellbore was found during civil construction activities in an unexpected position and created a high-risk challenge due to the potential for reservoir gases and liquids leaking uncontrolled into the construction zone.
The application of these techniques in abandoning complex wellbores that are unable to be plugged by conventional means provides the industry with solutions to the technically challenging problem of wellbore abandonments when physical access to the wellbore is not possible. These techniques provide economical and low-risk solutions to operators in both onshore and offshore decommissioning activities.
Success Story of First Malaysia Flare Tips Decommissioning in Sarawak Offshore Field Platform
Authors: Ahmad Shatiry M Sahir , Tajul Arif Tajul Ekram , Baharuddin Norhafizah , Harun Firdaus , Asmadi M Noraznan , Ismail Saiful Adli , Nazli Abdul Malik , Ishak Mohamad Faiz , Ab Hamid Syamsul Hafzan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The project was for part production enhancement project which to cater for brownfield & greenfield project. To cater to the production (oil) increment for the brownfield project, the existing flare tips and separation system need to be upgraded with higher capacity. The inclusive project was upgrading existing. Part of the scope was decommissioning the existing flare tip and associated system, e.g., ignition panel and ignition pipe. The project will decommission the current flare tips and replaced it with new higher capacity flare tips with Low Pressure (LP) & High Pressure (HP) connection. The existing flare panel was a single-type ignition system. The existing flare tip had LP & HP tip with 8″ inch size; the weight for both tip was estimated at 300 kg. The concept selection was discussed on the suitable method to lifting down the decommissioning flare tip at the offshore platform. There were 2 suitable techniques selected at the initial of the concept selection. One was lifting down the decommissioning flare tip directly from flare boom to vessel. Another method was manual rigging of the flare tips from the flare boom to the lower deck. After several discussions and workshops, it was decided to proceed with manual rigging of the decommissioning flare tip to the safe deck area. The removal of the decommissioning flare tip was performed during turnaround. The total days for the overall activity of the decommissioning & installation of the new flare tip was 3 days, 2 days ahead from planned duration 5 days.
Human Defensins from Antivirals to Vaccine Adjuvants: Rediscovery of the Innate Immunity Arsenal
Authors: Zupin Luisa , Crovella Sergio 
Published: November 2021

:
Human defensins are a class of antimicrobial peptides, belonging to the innate immunity
system. These peptides are expressed at the level of respiratory tract (both upper and lower) where
they represent the first line of defense against pathogens; they are also known for their activity
against different viruses, acting through diverse mechanisms, including direct binding to the virus,
inhibition of viral replication, and aggregation of virions. It has been recently reported they are also
effective against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, they influence the immune response stimulating it in
the challenge against microorganisms. An intriguingly potential application of defensin is related
to their use as vaccine adjuvants; indeed, some in silico studies suggested their efficacy in boosting
the immune response. Since the long-term persistence of acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2
triggered by the currently employed vaccines is not known, natural agents with enhancing effects,
such as defensins, administered with the vaccine, can be an interesting and attractive alternative.
The Application of a Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide of
Thrombocidin-1 Expressed in Pichia pastoris as a Novel Approach Against
Some Oral Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Mohammadipour Hamideh Sadat , Akbari Majid , Beyraghshamshir Reza , Tanhaeian Abbas , Karimian Elnaz 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Oral infections and dental caries are considered serious health problems.
Therefore, searching for new agents with antimicrobial properties seems to be crucial. This study
aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the recombinant Thrombocidin-1 [TC-1] peptide on
some oral pathogens. Also, the cytotoxicity of this peptide on human gingival fibroblast cells was
investigated.

Methods & Materials:
In this study, Pichia pastoris was used for the expression of recombinant
TC-1. The microbroth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration
[MIC] and minimum bacterial concentration [MBC]. It tested against four main oral pathogens;
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, and Enterococcus faecalis.
Moreover, the cytotoxicity analysis was done on gingival fibroblast cells by the MTT
method. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] and Tukey’s
HSD tests.

Results:
The most bactericidal effect of TC-1 was against S. salivarius, the highest bacteriostatic effect
was against S. salivarius, and S. oralis had the lowest MIC value of 1.512 μg/ml. The Thrombocidin-
1 peptide showed lower antibacterial properties against E. faecalis compared with CHX,
unlike the stronger antimicrobial effect on examined streptococci. According to cytotoxicity examination,
no concentration of TC-1 presented over 50% growth inhibition [IC50] of the fibroblasts
cells.

Conclusion:
Based on antimicrobial tests and cytotoxicity results, the Thrombocidin-1 peptide
may be useful as a safe antibacterial agent against some oral pathogens in dental materials.
Role of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Lactate Dehydrogenase A in
Apoptosis
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Khan Imtiaz , Hayyat Aqsa , Ali Naba , Gul Asma , Naveed Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

:
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that occurs due to the production of several catabolic enzymes. During
this process, several morphological and biochemical changes occur in mitochondria, the main organelle in the cell
that participates in apoptosis and controls apoptotic pathways. During apoptosis, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria,
and different proteins activate caspase cascades that carry out the cell towards the death process. Apoptosis
mainly occurs due to p53 protein that allows the abnormal cells to proliferate. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl are two anti-apoptotic
members of the protein family that prevents apoptosis. The membrane potential of mitochondria decreases by the opening
of the permeability transition pore (PTP). These PTP are formed by the binding of Bax with adenine nucleotide
translocator (ANT) and cause depolarization in the membrane. The depolarization releases apoptogenic factors (cytochrome
c) that result in the loss of oxidative phosphorylation. Knockdown in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is the cause
of the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential elevating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Bax.
Consequently, causing an increase in the release of cytochrome c that ultimately leads to apoptosis. In this review, we
have summarized the combined effect of mitochondrial membrane potential and LDH enzyme that triggers apoptosis in
cells and their role in the mechanism of apoptosis.
Marijuana’s Changing Legal Landscape and Its Implications for
Adolescent Psychiatrists: A Report from California
Authors: Ponton Lynn , Judice Samuel L. , Petti Theodore 
Published: November 2021

Background Objectives:
Thirty-three states and the District of Columbia
(DC) have enacted some form of legalized cannabis or cannabinoid for medical
conditions (MMJ), 11 of them and DC for recreational use. It has become critical
for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals working with adolescents to
be aware of the diversion of marijuana (MJ) to youth and subsequent potential
adverse effects in environments with widely different regulations. The experience
of two office-based psychiatrists in California (the first state to legalize MMJ)
through case presentations and an informal practice review illustrate the role that
diverted MMJ plays in the clinical presentation of youth for psychiatric care,
highlighting clinical implications and guidelines for treators as states legalize MJ
for adult recreational use.

Methods:
Two child and adolescent psychiatrists practicing in California over the
last twenty years report on their experiences working with adolescent patients and
their families during the period of legalized MMJ. After a comprehensive literature
review, they report their clinical observations and make recommendations for
treators of adolescents.

Discussion:
There is general confusion among adolescents and their parents about
MJ and MMJ. There is a lack of clear regulatory guidelines and a need for better
clinical training for prescribing physicians. Diversion of MMJ to teens during periods
of legalization of medical marijuana is common in states where it has not been
legislated or regulated sufficiently to provide effective safeguards. This lax approach
is demonstrated by our case reports and clinical review. Similar experiences have
been reported elsewhere. Increased problems with diversion are expected as
legalization efforts continue. Professionals and their organizations need to become
more active in advocating policies to protect youth from potential harm related to
cannabis use and abuse and carefully evaluate its use among their teen patients.
Synthesis of Hexahydroxy Strontium Stannate/Tin Dioxide Nanocomposites and their Photocatalytic Properties for Gentian Violet
Authors: Yu Chunhu , Xue Zeyang , Mao Yajing , Huang Jianfeng , Tao Feihu , Cai Zhengyu , Fan Chuangang , Pei Lizhai 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Gentian violet dye released from industries into the environment has
caused serious water pollution and is a significant environmental pollutant to human beings owing
to the toxicity. It is urgent to decrease environmental pollution by removing gentian violet in
the wastewater.

Objective:
The aim is to synthesize hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites
by a simple hydrothermal method without surfactants and research the photocatalytic performance
for gentian violet degradation.

Methods:
Hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites have been obtained via
the hydrothermal method. The structure, size, morphology and photocatalytic performance were
characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, solid ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Results:
The nanocomposites possess oven-shaped morphology with the size of less than 100
nm and are composed of hexagonal SrSn(OH)6 and tetragonal SnO2 phases. The band gap of the
nanocomposites is 3.52 eV. 10 mg hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites
have the ability to completely degrade 10 mL gentian violet solution with the concentration of
10 mgL-1 under 6 h ultraviolet-visible light irradiation. Hydroxyl radical, hole and superoxide
radical are the main species for the gentian violet photocatalytic degradation using the nanocomposites.

Conclusion:
The hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites show good photocatalytic
performance for the GV degradation. The photocatalytic performance for gentian
violet degradation using the hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites depends
on the irradiation time and content of the nanocomposites.
Proto-Austronesian historical relations on the development of the proto-melayic aspect of Malay with Lampung language
Authors: Aminin Sudirman , Dacholfany Muhammad Ihsan 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine the facts of language that have historical relations in comparative diachronic linguistics studies. The existence of the Lampung language (LL) as a reflection of the Proto *WPM was initially studied by Dyen 1965 and has been conservative for four decades or forty years old. During those four decades, apart from Dyen 1965, the research results showed 89.1% (Figure 0); there is also Walker's (1976) inference at the observation point of Way Lima Lampung used 200 Swadesh Vocabulary Lexicon, the calculation result is 82.2%. Furthermore, Sudirman and Fernandez, the National Seminar on Austronesian Language and Culture II, studied the "Status of the Komering Isolect in the LL Group" the results of the 82.16 % Dialectometric Lexicostatistics calculations were close to the results of Walker's previous study of 82.2%, so that the historical relation of the isolect with the status of a conservative dialect can be observed in Figure 2. In addition to conservative results, there are also innovative results, namely the occurrence of share retentions and share innovations shown by the results of the 48.5% Dialectometric Lexicostatistics calculation as the realization of the historical relation between Malay Language (ML) and Lampung Language (LL).
University graduate career potential in digital transformation period
Authors: Prozorova Mariya N. , Zharkov Anatoly D. , Zharkova Alena A. , Khamdamova Vinera A. , Sattorova Sarvinoz O. , Losev Valerii S. 
Published: November 2021

The student personal and professional development becomes even more meaningful and, based on the peculiarities of the world development in general, becomes one of the most important tasks of modern higher education, the main goal and direction of which is based on humanistic-personal orientation. Building a career is one of the main concerns not only for working professionals, but also for potential employees, including graduates who are on the cusp of entering professional life. The article aims to identify the characteristics of the career potential of university graduates. A questionnaire method was used as a research method allowing effective identifying of the perceptions’ characteristics about a graduate's career potential. The article identifies student opportunities for self-actualization and self-realization in the professional environment in a time of digital transformation of various spheres of life. The authors of the experiment revealed that graduates who showed high levels of readiness for career development have a more formed idea of the desires associated with the development of their career potential, the goals of their activities, and aspire, seek new things, constantly are engaged in self-development.