bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Nanomechanical Properties and Relationship to Bone Turnover and Architecture in Patients With Atypical Femur Fractures: A Prospective Nested Case‐Control Study
Authors: Griffin Lanny V. , Warner Elizabeth , Palnitkar Saroj , Qiu Shijing , Honasoge Mahalakshmi , Griffin Shawna G. , Divine George , Rao Sudhaker D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAtypical femur fractures (AFFs) are well‐established serious complication of long‐term bisphosphonate and denosumab therapy in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis. To elucidate underlying mechanism(s) for the development of AFF, we performed a nested case‐control study to investigate bone tissue nanomechanical properties and prevailing bone microstructure and tissue‐level remodeling status as assessed by bone histomorphometry. We hypothesized that there would be differences in nanomechanical properties between patients with and without AFF and that bone microstructure and remodeling would be related to nanomechanical properties. Thirty‐two full‐thickness transiliac bone biopsies were obtained from age‐ and sex‐matched patients on long‐term bisphosphonate therapy with (n = 16) and without an AFF (n = 16). Standard histomorphometric measurements were made in each sample on three different bone envelopes (cancellous, intracortical, and endosteal). Iliac bone wall thickness was significantly lower on all three bone surfaces in patients with AFF than in those without AFF. Surface‐based bone formation rate was suppressed similarly in both groups in comparison to healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with no significant difference between the two groups. Nanoindentation was used to assess material properties of cortical and cancellous bone separately. Elastic modulus was higher in cortical than in cancellous bone in patients with AFF as well as compared to the elastic modulus of cortical bone from non‐AFF patients. However, the elastic modulus of the cancellous bone was not different between AFF and non‐AFF groups or between cortical and cancellous bone of non‐AFF patients. Resistance to plastic deformation was decreased in cortical bone in both AFF and non‐AFF groups compared to cancellous bone, but to a greater extent in AFF patients. We conclude that long‐term bisphosphonate therapy is associated with prolonged suppression of bone turnover resulting in altered cortical remodeling and tissue nanomechanical properties leading to AFF. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Forkhead box P1 (Foxp1) in osteoblasts regulates bone mass accrual and adipose tissue energy metabolism
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Pei , Ling Shifeng , Wang Fuhua , Wang Shaojiao , Chen Tienan , Zhou Rujiang , Xia Xuechun , Yao Zhengju , Fan Ying , Wang Niansong , Wang Jiqiu , Tucker Haley O. , Guo Xizhi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Adiponectin (AdipoQ), a hormone abundantly secreted by adipose tissues, has multiple beneficial functions, including insulin sensitization as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. It has been reported that bone controls energy metabolism through an endocrine-based mechanism. In this study, we observed that bone also acts as an important endocrine source for AdipoQ, and its capacity in osteoblasts is controlled by the forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) transcriptional factor. Deletion of the Foxp1 gene in osteoblasts led to augmentation of AdipoQ levels accompanied by fueled energy expenditure in adipose tissues. In contrast, overexpression of Foxp1 in bones impaired AdipoQ secretion and restrained energy consumption. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis revealed that AdipoQ expression, which increases as a function of bone age, is directly controlled by FOXP1. Our results indicate that bones, especially aged bones, provide an important source of a set of endocrine factors, including AdipoQ, that control body metabolism. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Evidence of an untamed HIV epidemic among MSM and TGW in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a 2018 to 2020 cross‐sectional study using recent infection testing
Authors: Teixeira Sylvia LM , Jalil Cristina M , Jalil Emilia M , Nazer Sandro C , Silva Simone da Costa Cruz , Veloso Valdilea G , Luz Paula M , Grinsztejn Beatriz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMonitoring the HIV epidemic and identifying populations among whom HIV is spreading is critical. We aimed to provide an estimate of the annualized HIV incidence rate using recency testing among cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) at a reference centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsWe evaluated MSM and TGW who sought HIV testing at the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases‐FIOCRUZ between March 2018 and January 2020. The Limiting Avidity assay (LAg) as part of a recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) was employed to identify recent infections (those with a normalized optical density ≤1.5 in the LAg that met all RITA criteria) among those who tested positive for HIV and the annualized HIV incidence was estimated.Results and discussionOut of 3053 individuals assessed, 2591 (84.9%) were HIV negative and 462 (15.1%) were living with HIV. Among these, 302 (65.4%) with stored samples available were evaluated and 73/302 (24.2%) were classified as recent infections. The annualized incidence rate estimate using a false recency rate of zero was 7.35% (95% CI 5.76% to 9.25%).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the HIV epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, continues to disproportionately burden vulnerable populations, including MSM and TGW despite the existence and availability of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.
A stretchable glove sensor toward rapid monitoring of trifluralin: A new platform for the on‐site recognition of herbicides based on wearable flexible sensor technology using lab‐on‐glove
Authors: Mahmoudpour Mansour , Saadati Arezoo , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Kholafazad‐kordasht Houman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, a flexible glove‐based electrochemical sensor as a wearable point‐of‐use screening tool has been fabricated for defense and food security applications. To design the wearable glove‐based sensor, we drew conductive patterns on the fingers of a rubber glove via gold@silver‐modified graphene quantum dots (Au@Ag core‐shell/graphene quantum dots [GQDs]) nano‐ink with optimal thickness. Then, this platform is combined with a portable electrochemical analyzer for on‐site detection of trifluralin pesticide in the range of 10 nM to 1 mM with the low limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 10 nM. The high efficiency and distinction of the trifluralin at specified concentrations in real leaf and apple samples were performed by simply touching with the glove and in spikes solution by immersing of fingertips. With their high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid, and easy operation pesticide analysis, these glove‐embedded sensors can also be engaged in on‐site monitor of other chemical threats and can be expanded to water and environmental samples.
A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges
Authors: Abdulbari Ali Abdulateef , Abdul Rahim Sharul Kamal , Soh Ping Jack , Dahri Muhammad Hashim , Eteng Akaa Agbaeze , Zeain Mohammed Yousif 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the hybrid branch‐line coupler has attracted much attention due to its appealing features such as of low cost and ease in fabrication for wireless communications. The fifth‐generation cellular networks promise to support several wireless technologies by capitalizing a multitude of frequencies and increase data rates. To achieve that, the butler matrix technique can be used to enhance both bandwidth and data rate with the implementation of beamforming. Conventional hybrid couplers are the main component to build a butler matrix, but they are generally bulky in size and narrow in bandwidth. Moreover, requirements imposed by newer wireless technologies makes the efforts in improving size compactness and bandwidth even more challenging. On the other hand, several techniques have been proposed in literature to solve both issues. This study focuses on the design challenges and issues of hybrid coupler designs and technologies, besides underlining their promising potential. In this context, several techniques for hybrid coupler to achieve the required bandwidth and size reduction are highlighted, such as the T‐shape, meander line, two sections, three‐section, and parallel couple lines.
The emergent relationship between temporoparietal junction and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lattanzio Lucas , Seames Alexander , Holden Samantha K. , Buard Isabelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnosognosia and impairment of insight are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can lead to delays in appropriate medical care and significant family discord. The default mode network (DMN), a distributed but highly connected network of brain regions more active during rest than during task, is integrally involved in awareness. DMN dysfunction is common in AD, and disrupted communication between memory‐related and self‐related DMN networks is associated with anosognosia in AD patients. In addition, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is a key region of the “social brain” and also contributes to representations of the self. The exact classification of the TPJ within the DMN is unclear, though connections between the TPJ and DMN have been highlighted in multiple avenues of research. Here we discuss the relationship between the TPJ, DMN, and AD, as well as the potential involvement of the TPJ in anosognosia in AD. We review past and present findings to raise attention to the TPJ, with a specific emphasis on neuroimaging technologies which suggest a pivotal role of the TPJ within large‐scale brain networks linked to anosognosia in AD.
Multi‐technique characterization of glass mosaic tesserae from Villa di Teodorico in Galeata (Italy)
Authors: Bersani Danilo , Saviane Luciana , Morigi Alessia , Mantovani Luciana , Aceto Maurizio , Fornasini Laura 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral glass mosaic tesserae were found during the archeological excavations at the Villa di Teodorico in Galeata (Forlì‐Cesena, Emilia Romagna, Italy), dated to early sixth century AD. This work reports the results of an archeometrical investigation realized through a multi‐technique approach on 16 tesserae. The aims of the study were the determination of the glass composition, the characterization of coloring and opacifying agents, and the definition of the technological processes involved. The glass matrix and the dispersed crystallites were characterized in detail through micro‐Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction analyses. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy was proven to be very effective in the analysis of complex objects, providing information on the structure and composition of the glass and on the nature of the opacifying agents and the crystalline colorants. UV–visible–NIR diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optic fibers was helpful to identify the metal ions used as chromophores. The different hues were obtained by means of dispersed ions as well as crystalline compounds and metal nanoparticles. A large variety of opacifying agents was detected. Results were compared with data of contemporary mosaics within the same geographical area.
Interfacial microstructure and strength of brazed copper/porous copper foam towards the effect of porous copper foam pore density and brazing holding time
Authors: Mohd Zahri N.A. , Sahira Shafee N.E. , Yusof F. , Nurmaya Musa S. , Liana Sukiman N. , Haseeb A.S.M.A. , Miyashita Y. , Ariga T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe porous copper foam was sandwiched between two coppers plate and then brazed using copper‐tin (9.7 %)‐nickel (5.7 %)‐phosphorus (7 %) filler foil. Brazing process was conducted to joint copper/porous copper foam by evaluating the effect of porous copper foam pore densities [pore per inch (PPI)] and brazing holding times. The brazed joint interface of copper and porous copper foam was characterised using Field emission scanning electron microscopy and Energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy for the microstructure and elemental composition analysis, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analysis was carried out on the shear fractured surfaces of brazed copper and porous copper foam for phase determination. The results exhibited distinct phases of copper (Cu), copper phosphide (Cu3P), nickel phosphide (Ni3P), and copper compound with tin (6 : 5) (Cu6Sn5). The filler layer was formed as an island‐shaped that consists of copper phosphide and nickel phosphide. Prolong brazing holding time causes a thinner filler layer in brazing seam. While the non‐uniform thickness of the filler layer was observed at different pore densities of porous copper foam. The shear strength of brazed copper/porous copper foam 15 PPI with a 10 min brazing holding time yield a maximum shear strength of 2.9 MPa.
The Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Camacho Marta , Greenland Julia C. , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal dysfunction is an important feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), and there is increasing evidence that it may play a key role in the disease process. However, its assessment is limited by different tools and underlying differences in diagnostic criteria for gastrointestinal dysfunction. To date, there is no psychometric instrument for quantitative evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms specifically designed for use in PD.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a self‐report questionnaire‐based instrument, the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson's Disease, and to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsWe performed a literature review and conducted 3 focus groups to develop the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson's Disease. Three hundred and sixteen patients with PD and 55 controls completed the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson's Disease, the Non‐Motor Symptom Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a stool diary adapted from the Bristol Stool Chart.ResultsThe Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson's Disease demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.82) and test–retest stability (0.79 < ICCs > 0.94). Correlation analyses supported good convergent and divergent validity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that a cutoff score of ≥9 on the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson's Disease Constipation subscale discriminates between PD patients with and without constipation.ConclusionsThe Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson's Disease is a novel disease‐specific self‐report tool to quantitatively assess the presence and severity of gastrointestinal dysfunction features in patients with PD, with strong reliability and validity. Further longitudinal studies are needed to demonstrate its utility in tracking gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD clinical cohorts. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Accuracy of perceived physical activity and fitness levels among childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Ha Lauren , Mizrahi David , Cohn Richard J. , Simar David , Wakefield Claire E. , Signorelli Christina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors do not engage in sufficient physical activity and have low fitness levels. Perceived physical activity and fitness levels may influence survivors’ engagement in health behaviours. We aimed to investigate survivors’ perceptions of physical activity and fitness levels and identify how accurate their perceptions were. We further explored survivors’ attitudes toward physical activity, including perceived importance and desire to increase activity levels.ProcedureWe recruited 116 childhood cancer survivors (8–18 years) and assessed their perceived physical activity levels using a questionnaire and the Godin's Leisure Score Index. Accuracy of their perceptions was established by comparing their perceived physical activity levels with the recommended guidelines. Survivors reported their perceived fitness levels using the International Fitness Scale. We compared survivors’ perceptions with their performance on the 6‐minute walk test using weighted Cohen's kappa to determine interrater agreement between perceived and objectively measured fitness.ResultsMost survivors did not meet the physical activity guidelines (<420 min/week). One‐third incorrectly perceived whether their self‐reported physical activity levels were appropriate (84% underestimated, while 16% overestimated). Survivors had average fitness and were inaccurate at perceiving their fitness level. Survivors highly valued the importance of being able to do physical activity, and 89% reported a desire to increase their physical activity.ConclusionsOur results reveal that many survivors are not accurate when perceiving their physical activity and fitness levels. Emphasising the need for objective fitness assessments, and patient education in clinical practice may support survivors to accurately perceive their physical activity and fitness levels, thus improving health behaviours.
Nanofiber formation of self‐crosslinking dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose/collagen composites
Authors: Tian Zhenhua , Wang Ying , He Jingxuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelf‐crosslinking dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC)/collagen (COL) composites were prepared by blending DCMC and COL at different ratios, and the effect of DCMC amounts on composite nanofiber formation and stability were investigated. The more was the DCMC amount, the higher became the cross‐linking degree, thus demonstrating that self‐crosslinking system was successfully constructed. At low amount of DCMC, self‐assembled DCMC/COL composite exhibited typical nanofiber structure similar to COL nanofibers, and the mean diameter of nanofibers increased from 68 ± 12 to 84 ± 15 nm; additionally, the final turbidity of DCMC/COL composite was higher than that of COL, reflecting more nanofibers formed. We conjectured that nanofiber formation was promoted via adding a small amount of DCMC. However, the inhibition of nanofiber formation was detected by reductions in turbidity at 0.3:1 < DCMC/COL ≤ 2.5:1, and the mean diameter of nanofibers decreased to 54 ± 13 nm at a DCMC/COL ratio of 2.5:1. Meanwhile, crosslinking occurred again between adjacent nanofibers during self‐assembly process; therefore, partial nanofibers presented in pairs. At a DCMC/COL ratio of 5:1, nanofiber formation was completely inhibited and DCMC/COL composite consisted of aggregates. In summary, nanofiber formation was first promoted and then inhibited with increased DCMC amounts. Furthermore, low‐ and high‐temperature stability of DCMC/COL nanofibers was better than those of COL nanofibers due to the formation of crosslinks.
From the living room to the driving room
Authors: Bouhamri Zine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe automotive industry has adopted the CASE paradigm: connected – autonomous – shared – electrical. And in that context, the connectivity, autonomy, and sharing megatrends are all changing car interiors. As a matter of fact, this can be traced back to two major industry drivers: improving safety while improving comfort. Though this may appear like a dichotomy, they can be linked within the car interior where these drivers are evident in displays, interior lighting, gesture recognition, particle monitoring, and monitoring systems in general, be it for the drivers or the passengers. This brings the complete living room to the car, but as with the home, how can the car user interact with all these elements, ensuring as ergonomic a user experience as possible?
Anabolic treatments in bovines: quantification of plasma protein markers of dexamethasone administration
Authors: Stella Roberto , Bovo Davide , Mastrorilli Eleonora , Pezzolato Marzia , Bozzetta Elena , Biancotto Giancarlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to profile plasma proteome responses in bulls experimentally treated with dexamethasone at anabolic dosage. Illicit use of active substances in animal husbandry remains a matter of concern in Europe. Corticosteroids are probably one of the most widespread growth promoter family illegally used in beef cattle and veal calves. Testing for corticosteroids relies on detection of drug residues or their metabolites in biological fluids or tissues. Their indirect detection by mapping altered physiological parameters may overcome limits linked to route of administration, dosage, biotransformation and elimination kinetics that can lower residual drug concentration, hampering official controls. A set of 11 proteins proposed in literature as potential markers of anabolic treatments with dexamethasone, was quantified in bovine plasma by targeted proteomics based on liquid chromatography‐high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Among investigated proteins, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) and paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) were found to be biomarkers of treatment. To investigate further such biomarkers, an additional group of veal calves was experimentally treated with dexamethasone at anabolic. These animals also demonstrated a significant alteration in SHBG, HRG and PON1 concentration, suggesting that quantification of plasma markers have the potential to detect animals illegally exposed to dexamethasone.
A conceptual model for talik dynamics and icing formation in a river floodplain in the continuous permafrost zone at Salluit, Nunavik (Quebec), Canada
Authors: Liu Weibo , Fortier Richard , Molson John , Lemieux Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIcing occurs each winter along the floodplain of the Kuuguluk River in the continuous permafrost zone at Salluit in Nunavik (Quebec), Canada. The source of successive water overflows which thicken and enlarge this ice cover over time is suprapermafrost groundwater discharging from a talik below the riverbed. Electrical resistivity tomography was used to delineate the talik, while water level and temperature dataloggers were used to assess the thermo‐hydraulic conditions of the riverbed. The mean annual riverbed temperature was 1.8°C in 2016 while the mean annual air temperature was −6.0°C. Hydraulic heads below the ice cover as high as 2.8 m and events of abrupt decreases in hydraulic head due to suprapermafrost groundwater overflow through cracks in the ice cover were monitored. An analytical solution based on beam mechanics theory was used to assess the water pressure‐induced stresses which are sufficient to fracture the ice cover. A detailed conceptual model of the talik and icing dynamics is proposed to explain the cryo‐hydrogeological processes taking place in this complex groundwater–river system. The groundwater pressure buildup in the talik during the winter is due to constricted flow of suprapermafrost groundwater in the talik. These results have implications for understanding the dynamics of river taliks and their use as potential water supplies in northern communities.