bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effect of various organic extracts coated urea fertilizer on the release pattern of Ammonium and Nitrate in the soil at different time intervals
Authors: Ahmad Adeel , Yaseen Muhammad , Asghar Hafiz Naeem , Basra Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is a very important commodity in agricultural systems. However, due to the losses of applied N from the soil microenvironment its efficiency is too low. Different strategies like the use of polymer coating and use of chemical nitrification inhibitors had been employed to reduce N losses. But these chemical nitrification inhibitors are very expensive. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of parthenium extract, neem oil and acidulated cow dung compost extract on N dynamics in the soil. Three concentrations of parthenium extract (5, 10 and 15 %) and neem oil (1, 2 and 3 %) were coated on urea granules after mixing with the polymer material. Three pH (2, 4 & 6 pH) based acidulated cow dung compost extracts were also coated on urea granules in the same pattern. These coated fertilizers and uncoated urea were applied in jars filled with soil (100g per jar) at the rate of 1g of fertilizer per jar. One treatment was kept as control (without any fertilizer). Treatments along three replications were arranged according to the completely randomized design (CRD). Results depicted that all coating materials caused the release of N consistently from applied fertilizers compared to uncoated treatment. In addition, percent nitrified N was also reduced significantly in coated treatments in comparison to the uncoated urea and control treatments. However, the level of concentration effect was not obvious as lower concentrations of these extracts and oil also performed almost equal to that of higher concentrations.
Interpreting models interpreting brain dynamics
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Mahmood Usman , Lewis Noah , Gazula Harshvardhan , Fedorov Alex , Fu Zening , Calhoun Vince , Plis Sergey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Brain dynamics are highly complex and yet hold the key to understanding brain function and dysfunction. The dynamics captured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data are noisy, high-dimensional, and not readily interpretable. The typical approach of reducing this data to low-dimensional features and focusing on the most predictive features comes with strong assumptions and can miss essential aspects of the underlying dynamics. In contrast, introspection of discriminatively trained deep learning models may uncover disorder-relevant elements of the signal at the level of individual time points and spatial locations. Yet, the difficulty of reliable training on high-dimensional low sample size datasets and the unclear relevance of the resulting predictive markers prevent the widespread use of deep learning in functional neuroimaging. In this work, we introduce a deep learning framework to learn from high-dimensional dynamical data while maintaining stable, ecologically valid interpretations. Results successfully demonstrate that the proposed framework enables learning the dynamics of resting-state fMRI directly from small data and capturing compact, stable interpretations of features predictive of function and dysfunction.
Expert views on the evolution – creation controversy. A survey report
Authors: Bugajak Grzegorz , Tomczyk Jacek 
Published: August 2021

This paper presents sample results from a poll conducted among experts (scientists, philosophers and theologians) regarding the roots of the controversy between the evolutionary account of human origin and religious convictions about creation. It appears that the position one takes in this controversy is influenced much more by one’s opinions than professional background. The controversy is usually only seemingly ‘solved’ at the level of a priori assumptions, erroneous definitions of ‘evolutionism’ and ‘creationism’, semantic viewpoints, epistemological positions and pragmatic choices. The core issues in the controversy (e.g., the role and meaning of chance in random evolutionary factors versus divine providence, or problems stemming from a body-soul dualistic anthropology) are widely neglected and do not play a significant role in deciding one’s views on the matter.
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Received: 28/08/2020. Reviewed: 30/09/2020. Accepted: 09/11/2020
Użyteczność koncepcji przypadku Grzegorza Bugajaka w naukach przyrodniczych
Authors: Latawiec Michał , Latawiec Anna 
Published: August 2021

Rzeczywistość przyrodnicza poznawana jest dzięki metodom empirycznym. Jej tajemnice odkrywane są w dużym zakresie dzięki rozwojowi ich metodologii. Formułowane są hipotezy i tworzone teorie wyjaśniające odkrywane zjawiska. Jednakże w tym uporządkowanym świecie pojawiają się i takie zdarzenia, których wystąpienie ma charakter przypadkowy. Z tej racji zostanie zastosowana filozoficzna koncepcja przypadku wypracowana przez Grzegorza Bugajaka i przewidziana przez niego do analizy treści teorii naukowych oraz klasyfikacji zdarzeń przypadkowych. Zostanie ukazana użyteczność tej koncepcji w obszarze ochrony środowiska. W tym celu na początku zaprezentowana zostanie treść propozycji Bugajaka, a następnie omówione będą okoliczności pojawiania się w przyrodzie zjawisk przypadkowych, rodzących dylematy poznawcze u przyrodników. Podjęte analizy zostaną zilustrowane konkretnymi przykładami. W rezultacie wskazane zostaną te sposoby interpretacji przypadku z koncepcji Bugajaka, które mogą okazać się przydatne w pracach ekologów.
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Zgłoszono: 05/08/2020. Zrecenzowano: 16/10/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 24/11/2020
Filozofia w kontekście nauki. Stare problemy w nowym wydaniu
Authors: Mączka Janusz 
Published: August 2021

Analizy przeprowadzone w artykule pozwalają na wyciągnięcie wniosków, ważnych dla filozofa przyrody. Między filozofią a naukami przyrodniczymi istnieje interakcja, którą można określić jako współprzenikanie się obu tych dziedzin wiedzy. To współoddziaływanie filozofii z nauką podobne jest do niedomykającego się koła. Trudno jest owo współprzenikanie jednoznacznie scharakteryzować, ale można wskazać pewne idee towarzyszące mu. (1) Uświadomienie sobie filozoficznego uwikłania teorii naukowej powoduje często rozszerzenie jej rozumienia oraz ujawnia, jak wiele informacji zawartych jest w teorii naukowej na temat głębokiej struktury świata. Sformułowanie „filozofia w nauce” można by uznać za charakterystyczne dla współczesnego ujmowania związku filozofii z naukami przyrodniczymi. Należy pamiętać, że wspólna droga filozofii i nauk przyrodniczych pozwala osiągać interesujące poznawczo wyniki, ważne dla rozumienia świata zewnętrznego. (2) Współprzenikanie się filozofii z nauk jest procesem dynamicznym i twórczym. Tak filozofia, jak i nauka, ulegają ciągłym zmianom, które w istotny sposób wpływają na rozwijanie się procesu współprzenikania. Trudno jest przewidywać, w którą stronę ten proces będzie ewoluował. Ważne jest jednak, jak twierdzi M. Heller, aby w tym twórczym procesie dostrzec, że największym sukcesem nauk empirycznych, trwającym do dziś, jest coraz lepsze ugruntowanie się przekonania, że Wszechświat stopniowo, choć tylko w przybliżeniu, ujawnia nam tajemnice swojej struktury.
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Zgłoszono: 12/09/2020. Zrecenzowano: 10/10/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 29/10/2020
Herb-drug Interactions in Neuropsychiatric Pharmacotherapy – A Review
of Clinically Relevant Findings
Authors: Le Tram T. , McGrath Sarah R. , Fasinu Pius S. 
Published: August 2021

:
The management of neuropsychiatric disorders relies heavily on pharmacotherapy. The
use of herbal products as complimentary medicine, often concomitantly, is common among patients
taking prescription neuropsychiatric drugs. Herb-drug interaction, a clinical consequence of this
practice, may jeopardize the success of pharmacotherapy in neuropsychiatry. Besides the wellknown
ability of phytochemicals to inhibit and/or induce drug-metabolizing enzymes and transport
proteins, several phytoconstituents are capable of exerting pharmacological effects on the central
nervous system. This study reviewed the relevant literature and identified 13 commonly used herbal
products - celery, echinacea, ginkgo, ginseng, hydroxycut, kava, kratom, moringa, piperine, rhodiola,
St. John’s wort, terminalia/commiphora ayurvedic mixture and valerian - which have shown clinically
relevant interactions with prescription drugs used in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
The consequent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with orthodox medications
often result in deleterious clinical consequences. This underscores the importance of caution in
herb-drug co-medication.
New Antithrombotic Strategies and Coronary Stent Technologies for Patients at High Bleeding Risk Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sorrentino Sabato , Salerno Nadia , Leo Isabella , Polimeni Alberto , Sabatino Jolanda , Spaccarotella Carmen Anna Maria , Mongiardo Annalisa , De Rosa Salvatore , Indolfi Ciro 
Published: August 2021

:
Patients at high bleeding risk (HBR) are a sizable part of the population undergoing percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI) and stent implantation. This population historically lacks
standardized definition, thus limiting trial design, data generalizability, and clinical decision-making.
To overcome this limitation, the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) has recently released
comprehensive guidelines defining HBR criteria for study design purposes and daily clinical practices.
Furthermore, several risk scores have been developed aiming to discriminate against HBR patients
and support physicians for clinical decision-making when faced with this complex subset of
patients. Accordingly, the first part of this review article will explore guideline-recommended risk
scoring as well as ARC-HBR criteria and their relative application for daily clinical practice. The
second part of this review article will explore the complex interplay between the risk of bleeding
and coronary thrombotic events in patients deemed at HBR. Indeed, several features that identify these
patients are also independent predictors of recurrent ischemic events, thus challenging revascularization
strategies and optimal antithrombotic therapy. Accordingly, several clinical trials have
been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the new generation of coronary platforms and
different antithrombotic strategies for HBR patients to minimize both ischemic and bleeding
events. Accordingly, in this part, we discuss current guidelines, trials, and observational data evaluating
antithrombotic strategies and stent technologies for patients at HBR.
Selective Recognition of Caffeine by (3-aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane
Based Polymers
Authors: Suravajhala Renuka , Malik Babita 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The metal alkoxides undergo the sol-gel process leads to highly dense
polymer networks in nano range size particles. Template-mediated nanomaterial fabrication involves
functional monomers, cross binders, catalysis, and other favorable thermal conditions optimized to
prepare thermal, mechanical, and chemo-stable tailor-made complimentary recognition sites ceramic
materials.

Methods:
The present study is focused on imprinting of caffeine by sol-gel method, wherein functional
monomer as (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), crosslinker as tetraethyl orthosilicate
(TEOS), and ammonium hydroxide solution as catalyst were considered to prepare materials, and
those materials characterized. The catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation were carried with a wide
range of composition mixtures in acetonitrile optimized at 60 oC. The imprinted polymers (MIPs) and
Non-Imprinted Polymers (NIPs) characterized by FTIR, GC-MS, SEM, and EDS techniques. Further
post-polymerization studies were carried to investigate recognizing capacity specificity and the binding
capacity of the caffeine and its structurally similar analogs with imprinted / non-imprinted polymers.

Results:
The studies revealed that efficiency in the template removal was high in the imprinted
polymers in which low concentration of crosslinker and whereas the selectivity of the template was
observed to be high compared with polymers with higher concentrations.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, high binding affinity was observed in imprinted polymers to that of non-
Imprinted polymers.
Anti-HER2 VHH Targeted Fluorescent Liposome as Bimodal Nanoparticle for Drug Delivery and Optical Imaging
Authors: Khaleghi Sepideh , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh , Nikkhoi Shahryar K. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:The aim of this study was to formulate fluorescent-labeled targeted immunoliposome to visualize the delivery and distribution of drugs in real-time.Methods:In this study, fluorescent-labeled liposomes were decorated with anti-HER2 VHH or Herceptin to improve the monitoring of intracellular drug delivery and tumor cell tracking with minimal side effects. The conjugation efficiency of antibodies was analyzed by SDS-PAGE silver staining. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of liposomes was performed using DLS and TEM. Finally, confocal microscopy visualized nanoparticles in the target cells.Results:Quantitative and qualitative methods characterized the intracellular uptake of 110±10 nm particles with near 70% conjugation efficiency. In addition, live-cell trafficking during hours of incubation was monitored by wide-field microscopy imaging. The results show that the fluorescent- labeled nanoparticles can specifically bind to HER2-positive breast cancer with minimal off-target delivery.Conclusion:These nanoparticles can have several applications in personalized medicine, especially drug delivery and real-time visualization of cancer therapy. Moreover, this method also can be applied in the targeted delivery of contrast agents in imaging and thermotherapy.
Downregulation of miRNA-14669 Reverses Vincristine Resistance in Colorectal
Cancer Cells through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Tianyun , Dong Weihua , Wang Fang , Liu Qingyu , Yang Yun , Guo Peixia , Li Xiang , Wei Bingdi 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used in the treatment
of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). However, VCR drug resistance may result in reduced efficacy
and even failure of chemotherapy in CRC treatment. MiRNA has been demonstrated to be associated
with the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify a novel miRNA-14669 that can reverse vincristine resistance
and sensitize drug-resistant colorectal cancer cells.

Methods:
High-throughput sequencing was performed to screen miRNAs that are associated with
VCR drug resistance, and qRT-PCR was used for further validation. The miRNA mimic and inhibitor
were designed and transfected into HCT-8,HCT-116 and HCT-8/VCR cells. Wound healing
test examined the effect of the miRNA on the migration of colorectal cancer cells. Flow cytometry
was used to evaluate cell apoptosis of HCT-8 cells. Survivin, Bcl-2, GST3, MDR1 and MRP1 expressions
were detected by Western blot.

Results:
The expression of miRNA-14669 in HCT-8/VCR cells was 1.925 times higher than that
of the HCT-8 cells. After transfecting with mimic miRNA, HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells showed an
increased survival rate. The survival rate of HCT-8/VCR cells decreased by transfection of inhibitor.
The inhibitor also sensitized HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells to VCR or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The
migratory ability of HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells increased by miRNA mimic while reduced by miRNA
inhibitor. Overexpression of miRNA-14669 reduced apoptosis, while downregulation of miRNA-
14669 increased cell apoptosis in HCT-8 cells. The mechanism of the miRNA involved in
drug resistance may be attributed to apoptosis of tumor cells, detoxification of GST3 and drug efflux
induced by MDR1 and MRP1. PI3K / AKT is the signaling pathway related to drug resistance.

Conclusion:
We identified a novel miRNA-14669 that may be associated with the chemotherapeutic
resistance in CRC cells.
Identification of DNA-Binding Proteins via Hypergraph Based Laplacian
Support Vector Machine
Authors: Qian Yuqing , Meng Hao , Lu Weizhong , Liao Zhijun , Ding Yijie , Wu Hongjie 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The identification of DNA binding proteins (DBP) is an important research
field. Experiment-based methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive for detecting DBP.

Objective:
To solve the problem of large-scale DBP identification, some machine learning methods are
proposed. However, these methods have insufficient predictive accuracy. Our aim is to develop a sequence-
based machine learning model to predict DBP.

Methods:
In our study, we extracted six types of features (including NMBAC, GE, MCD, PSSM-AB,
PSSM-DWT, and PsePSSM) from protein sequences. We used Multiple Kernel Learning based on Hilbert-
Schmidt Independence Criterion (MKL-HSIC) to estimate the optimal kernel. Then, we constructed
a hypergraph model to describe the relationship between labeled and unlabeled samples. Finally, Laplacian
Support Vector Machines (LapSVM) is employed to train the predictive model. Our method is
tested on PDB186, PDB1075, PDB2272 and PDB14189 data sets.

Result:
Compared with other methods, our model achieved best results on benchmark data sets.

Conclusion:
The accuracy of 87.1% and 74.2% are achieved on PDB186 (Independent test of
PDB1075) and PDB2272 (Independent test of PDB14189), respectively.
Impact of Literacy on Hypertension Knowledge and Control of Blood Pressure in a Southern Indian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Rahman Farhana , Muthaiah Nagasundaram , Prasanth Krishna , Singh Arvind , Satagopan Uthra , Kumaramanickavel Govindasamy 
Published: August 2021

Background :
Hypertension is a global public health concern. Awareness and knowledge
about the disease in a community collectively would allow adequate prevention, promote self-care
practices, adherence to medication and ultimately effective management of hypertension.

Aims:
To ascertain the level of education associated with the knowledge of hypertension and control
of blood pressure.

Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey consisting of item questions about awareness and
knowledge of hypertension. Hypertensive patients (n = 424) of both genders and more than 20
years of age were included in the study. Hypertensive patients were divided into two groups (school
group and school pass-out group) to assess the level of knowledge. Chi-square test was performed
to determine the assessment, and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Out of 424 participants, 71.2% were school group and 28.7% school pass-out group.
School pass-out group had significant knowledge about dangerous natural course of hypertension
(p = 0.00069), hypertension can lead to death if untreated (p = 0.015), benefits of cessation of
smoking (p = 0.03), advantage of limiting alcohol (p = 0.019) and performing regular exercise (p =
0.013) reduces blood pressure. School pass-out group had significant (p = 0.04) hypertension control
compared to the school group.

Conclusion:
Educational status plays a vital role in increasing knowledge and improving the management
of hypertension through better self-care practices and strict adherence to medication. Community-
based health education interventional programs targeting the lower socioeconomic group of
a population would help to reduce the gap in awareness and effective control of hypertension.
A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Approaches Available for the Treatment of Dermatitis
Authors: Singh Apoorva , Nimisha  
Published: August 2021

Backgorund:Dermatitis or eczema is a prevalent skin disorder worldwide and is also very common as a pediatric inflammatory skin disorder. Its succession gets worse with the multiple comorbidities which exhibit mechanisms that are poorly understood. Its management further becomes a challenge due to the limited effective treatment options available. However, the Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) along with new targeting strategies can easily bypass the issues associated with dermatitis management. If we compare the active constituents against phytoconstituents effective against dermatitis then phytoconstituents can be perceived to be more safe and gentle.Objective:Administration of NDDS of plant extract or actives displays improved absorption behavior, which helps them to permeate through lipid-rich biological membrane leading to increased bioavailability. The newer efficient discoveries related to eczema can face various exploitations. This can be intervened by the subjection of patent rights, which not only safeguard the novel works of individual(s) but also give them the opportunity to share details of their inventions with people globally.Conclusion:The present review focuses on the available research about the use of nanoformulations in the topical delivery. It further elaborates the use of different animal models as the basis to characterize the different features of dermatitis. The review also highlights the recent nanoformulations which have the ability to amplify the delivery of active agents through their incorporation in transfersomes, ethosomes, niosomes or phytosomes, etc.
Genetic Analysis of Father-Daughter Incest Using Multifaceted STR Markers
and Study of Inheritance Pattern of Alleles
Authors: Dash Hirak Ranjan , Gautam Ila , Singh Anil Kumar , Shrivastava Pankaj 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Two cases involving father-daughter incest, a rare report in the Indian population,
have been analyzed in the current study. STR markers on both autosomal and sex chromosomes
were employed to expound the cases.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to confirm the identity of the fetus as a product of father--
daughter incest and to study the inheritance pattern of alleles in such cases.

Methods:
Autosomal, X, and Y chromosomal analyses were performed to confirm the identity of
the fetus. Statistical analyses were carried out to strengthen the evidentiary value of the obtained results.

Results:
In both cases, the aborted fetus was found to be the product of an incestuous father-daughter
relationship. The probability of paternity as well as maternity was found to be >99.9999% in
both cases. Analysis of other paternity and forensic parameters also substantiated the inclusion of
the alleged individuals. Father-daughter incest had a tremendous effect on the genome as evidenced
from the dramatical decrease in unrelated alleles between father/child [16.66% (Case 1),
20% (Case 2)] and mother/child [26.66% (Case 1), 21.66% (Case 2)]. Genetic evidence also
suggested an increased biallelic match i.e., 26.66% (Case 1) and 33.33% (Case 2) between mother
and fetus, which are at par/ above the normal siblings’ values i.e., 26.66%.

Conclusion:
A significant increase in the percentage of homozygous alleles (53.33% in both cases)
was observed in the product of father-daughter incest. Both daughters share the same X chromosome
from the father, which also suggested the case to be of father-daughter incest. Similarly, the
same Y-STR profile between the male fetus and alleged father confirmed the correct pattern of inheritance
of the Y chromosome in this case.