bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The explanation of some exotic states in the $$cs{\bar{c}}{\bar{s}}$$ tetraquark system
Authors: Liu Xuejie , Huang Hongxia , Ping Jialun , Chen Dianyong , Zhu Xinmei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInspired by the recent observation of $$\chi _{c0}(3930)$$

χ

c
0

(
3930
)

, X(4685) and X(4630) by the LHCb Collaboration and some exotic resonances such as X(4350), X(4500), etc. by several experiment collaborations, the $$cs{\bar{c}}{\bar{s}}$$

c
s

c

¯

s

¯

tetraquark systems with $$J^{PC}=0^{++}$$

J

PC

=

0

+
+

, $$1^{++}$$

1

+
+

, $$1^{+-}$$

1

+
-

and $$2^{++}$$

2

+
+

are systematically investigated in the framework of the quark delocalization color screening model(QDCSM). Two structures, the meson–meson and diquark–antidiquark structures, as well as the channel-coupling of all channels of these two configurations are considered in this work. The numerical results indicate that the molecular bound state $$D^{-}_{s}D_{s}^{+}$$

D
s
-

D

s

+

with $$J^{PC}=00^{++}$$

J

PC

=

00

+
+

can be supposed to explain the $$\chi _{c0}(3930)$$

χ

c
0

(
3930
)

. Besides, by using the stabilization method, several resonant states are obtained. Among these states, X(4350), X(4500) and X(4700) can be explained as the compact tetraquark states with $$J^{PC}=00^{++}$$

J

PC

=

00

+
+

, and the X(4274) is possible to be a candidate of the compact tetraquark state with $$J^{PC}=1^{++}$$

J

PC

=

1

+
+

. Apart from that, the $$J^{PC}=0^{++}$$

J

PC

=

0

+
+

resonance state with energy range 4028–4033 MeV, the two $$J^{PC}=2^{++}$$

J

PC

=

2

+
+

resonance states with energy range of 4394–4448 MeV and 4526–4536 MeV are possible to be new exotic states, which are indeed worthy of attention. More experimental tests are expected to check the existence of all these possible resonance states.
Integrating Optimized Multiscale Entropy Model with Machine Learning for the Localization of Epileptogenic Hemisphere in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Resting-State fMRI
Authors: Fu Xiaoxuan , Wang Youhua , Belkacem Abdelkader Nasreddine , Zhang Qirui , Xie Chong , Cao Yingxin , Cheng Hao , Chen Shenghua 
Published: October 2021

The bottleneck associated with the validation of the parameters of the entropy model has limited the application of this model to modern functional imaging technologies such as the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI). In this study, an optimization algorithm that could choose the parameters of the multiscale entropy (MSE) model was developed, while the optimized effectiveness for localizing the epileptogenic hemisphere was validated through the classification rate with a supervised machine learning method. The rfMRI data of 20 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with positive indicators (the indicators of epileptogenic hemisphere in clinic) in the hippocampal formation on either left or right hemisphere (equally divided into two groups) on the structural MRI were collected and preprocessed. Then, three parameters in the MSE model were statistically optimized by both receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve value in the sensitivity analysis, and the intergroup significance of optimized entropy values was utilized to confirm the biomarked brain areas sensitive to the epileptogenic hemisphere. Finally, the optimized entropy values of these biomarked brain areas were regarded as the feature vectors input for a support vector machine to classify the epileptogenic hemisphere, and the classification effectiveness was cross-validated. Nine biomarked brain areas were confirmed by the optimized entropy values, including medial superior frontal gyrus and superior parietal gyrus (

p

< .01). The mean classification accuracy was greater than 90%. It can be concluded that combination of the optimized MSE model with the machine learning model can accurately confirm the epileptogenic hemisphere by rfMRI. With the powerful information interaction capabilities of 5G communication, the epilepsy side-fixing algorithm that requires computing power can be integrated into a cloud platform. The demand side only needs to upload patient data to the service platform to realize the preoperative assessment of epilepsy.
Temporal Trends and Prognosis of Physical Examination Findings in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: The ARIC Study Community Surveillance
Authors: Kolupoti Abhigna , Fudim Marat , Pandey Ambarish , Kucharska-Newton Anna , Hall Michael E. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Mentz Robert J. , Caughey Melissa C. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Bedside evaluation of congestion is a mainstay of heart failure (HF) management. Whether detected physical examination signs have changed over time as obesity prevalence has increased in HF populations, or if the associated prognosis differs for HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF or HFpEF) is uncertain.

Methods:
From 2005 to 2014, the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) conducted adjudicated hospital surveillance of acute decompensated HF. We analyzed trends in physical examination findings, imaging signs, and symptoms related to congestion, both over time and by obesity class, and associated 28-day mortality risks.

Results:

Of 24 937 weighted hospitalizations for acute decompensated HF (mean age 75 years, 53% women, 32% Black), 47% had HFpEF. The prevalence of obesity increased from 2005 to 2014 for both HF types. With increasing obesity category, detected edema increased, while jugular venous distension decreased, and rales remained stable. Detected edema also increased over time, for both HF types. Associations between 28-day mortality and individual signs and symptoms of congestion were similar for HFpEF and HFrEF; however, the adjusted mortality risk with all 3 (edema, rales, and jugular venous distension) versus <3 physical examination findings was higher for patients with HFpEF (odds ratio, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.53–3.79]) than HFrEF (odds ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.87–1.93]);
P
for interaction by HF type =0.02.

Conclusions:
In patients hospitalized with acute decompensated HF, detected physical examination findings differ both temporally and by obesity. Combined findings from the physical examination are more prognostic of 28-day mortality for patients with HFpEF than HFrEF.
Associations of Early Systolic Blood Pressure Control and Outcome After Thrombolysis-Eligible Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results From the ENCHANTED Study
Authors: Wang Xia , Minhas Jatinder S. , Moullaali Tom J. , Luca Di Tanna Gian , Lindley Richard I. , Chen Xiaoying , Arima Hisatomi , Chen Guofang , Delcourt Candice , Bath Philip M. , Broderick Joseph P. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Durham Alice C. , Lavados Pablo M. , Lee Tsong-Hai , Levi Christopher , Martins Sheila O. , Olavarria Veronica V. , Pandian Jeyaraj D. , Parsons Mark W. , Pontes-Neto Octavio M. , Ricci Stefano , Sato Shoichiro , Sharma Vijay K. , Silva Federico , Thang Nguyen H. , Wang Ji-Guang , Woodward Mark , Chalmers John , Song Lili , Anderson Craig S. , Robinson Thompson G. ,   on behalf of the ENCHANTED Investigators
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
In thrombolysis-eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke, there is uncertainty over the most appropriate systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering profile that provides an optimal balance of potential benefit (functional recovery) and harm (intracranial hemorrhage). We aimed to determine relationships of SBP parameters and outcomes in thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods:
Post hoc analyzes of the ENCHANTED (Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study), a partial-factorial trial of thrombolysis-eligible and treated acute ischemic stroke patients with high SBP (150–180 mm Hg) assigned to low-dose (0.6 mg/kg) or standard-dose (0.9 mg/kg) alteplase and intensive (target SBP, 130–140 mm Hg) or guideline-recommended (target SBP <180 mm Hg) treatment. All patients were followed up for functional status and serious adverse events to 90 days. Logistic regression models were used to analyze 3 SBP summary measures postrandomization: attained (mean), variability (SD) in 1–24 hours, and magnitude of reduction in 1 hour. The primary outcome was a favorable shift on the modified Rankin Scale. The key safety outcome was any intracranial hemorrhage.

Results:

Among 4511 included participants (mean age 67 years, 38% female, 65% Asian) lower attained SBP and smaller SBP variability were associated with favorable shift on the modified Rankin Scale (per 10 mm Hg increase: odds ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.71–0.82];
P
<0.001 and 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76–0.98];
P
=0.025) respectively, but not for magnitude of SBP reduction (0.98, [0.93–1.04];
P
=0.564). Odds of intracranial hemorrhage was associated with higher attained SBP and greater SBP variability (1.18 [1.06–1.31];
P
=0.002 and 1.34 [1.11–1.62];
P
=0.002) but not with magnitude of SBP reduction (1.05 [0.98–1.14];
P
=0.184).

Conclusions:
Attaining early and consistent low levels in SBP <140 mm Hg, even as low as 110 to 120 mm Hg, over 24 hours is associated with better outcomes in thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke patients.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01422616.
Antithrombotic Therapy for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Ischemic Stroke With Aspirin Treatment Failure
Authors: Lusk Jay B. , Xu Haolin , Peterson Eric D. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Smith Eric E. , Matsouaka Roland , Schwamm Lee H. , Xian Ying 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Many older patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke were already taking aspirin before admission. However, the management strategy for patients with aspirin treatment failure has not been fully established.

Methods:
We used data from the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines Stroke Registry to describe discharge antithrombotic treatment patterns among Medicare beneficiaries with ischemic stroke who were taking aspirin before their stroke and were discharged alive from 1734 hospitals in the United States between October 2012 and December 2017.

Results:
Of 261 634 ischemic stroke survivors, 100 016 (38.2%) were taking aspirin monotherapy before stroke. Among them, 44.4% of patients remained on aspirin monotherapy at discharge (20.9% 81 mg, 18.2% 325 mg, 5.3% other or unknown dose). The next most common therapy choice was dual antiplatelet therapy (24.6%), followed by clopidogrel monotherapy (17.8%). The remaining 13.2% of patients were discharged on either aspirin/dipyridamole, warfarin, or nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet, or no antithrombotic therapy at all.

Conclusions:
Nearly half of patients with ischemic stroke while on preventive therapy with aspirin are discharged on aspirin monotherapy without changing antithrombotic class, while the other half are discharged on clopidogrel monotherapy, dual antiplatelet therapy, or other less common agents. These findings emphasize the need for future research to identify best management strategies for this very common and complex clinical scenario.
International Ozone Negotiations and the Green Spiral
Authors: Kelsey Nina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Scholarship examining the highly successful ozone negotiations is rare today, as lessons derived from them do not seem to have produced comparable success in climate negotiations. This article argues that there is a “missing piece” critical to understanding ozone negotiation success. I draw on path dependency and feedback literature as well as detailed historical research into the ozone negotiation process to propose a coherent feedback mechanism I refer to as the “green spiral.” In a green spiral, an iterative interaction between negotiation outcomes and changes to the sticky, internal material interests of industry works to make more stringent regulation feasible in subsequent negotiating rounds. Such dynamics offer a consistent explanation for the overall success of the ozone negotiations as well as the timing and nature of individual countries’ shifts in negotiating position and regulatory behavior over time. Understanding environmental negotiation through this lens offers insight into how outcomes of climate and other environmental negotiations might be improved.
Irrelevant Robot Signals in a Categorization Task Induce Cognitive Conflict in Performance, Eye Trajectories, the N2 Component of the EEG Signal, and Frontal Theta Oscillations
Authors: Perez-Osorio Jairo , Abubshait Abdulaziz , Wykowska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Understanding others' nonverbal behavior is essential for social interaction, as it allows, among others, to infer mental states. Although gaze communication, a well-established nonverbal social behavior, has shown its importance in inferring others' mental states, not much is known about the effects of irrelevant gaze signals on cognitive conflict markers during collaborative settings. In the present study, participants completed a categorization task where they categorized objects based on their color while observing images of a robot. On each trial, participants observed the robot iCub grasping an object from a table and offering it to them to simulate a handover. Once the robot “moved” the object forward, participants were asked to categorize the object according to its color. Before participants were allowed to respond, the robot made a lateral head/gaze shift. The gaze shifts were either congruent or incongruent with the object's color. We expected that incongruent head cues would induce more errors (Study 1), would be associated with more curvature in eye-tracking trajectories (Study 2), and induce larger amplitude in electrophysiological markers of cognitive conflict (Study 3). Results of the three studies show more oculomotor interference as measured in error rates (Study 1), larger curvatures eye-tracking trajectories (Study 2), and higher amplitudes of the N2 ERP component of the EEG signals as well as higher event-related spectral perturbation amplitudes (Study 3) for incongruent trials compared with congruent trials. Our findings reveal that behavioral, ocular, and electrophysiological markers can index the influence of irrelevant signals during goal-oriented tasks.
Developmental Changes in Gaze Behavior and the Effects of Auditory Emotion Word Priming in Emotional Face Categorization
Authors: Vesker Michael , Bahn Daniela , Kauschke Christina , Schwarzer Gudrun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Social interactions often require the simultaneous processing of emotions from facial expressions and speech. However, the development of the gaze behavior used for emotion recognition, and the effects of speech perception on the visual encoding of facial expressions is less understood. We therefore conducted a word-primed face categorization experiment, where participants from multiple age groups (six-year-olds, 12-year-olds, and adults) categorized target facial expressions as positive or negative after priming with valence-congruent or -incongruent auditory emotion words, or no words at all. We recorded our participants’ gaze behavior during this task using an eye-tracker, and analyzed the data with respect to the fixation time toward the eyes and mouth regions of faces, as well as the time until participants made the first fixation within those regions (time to first fixation, TTFF). We found that the six-year-olds showed significantly higher accuracy in categorizing congruently primed faces compared to the other conditions. The six-year-olds also showed faster response times, shorter total fixation durations, and faster TTFF measures in all primed trials, regardless of congruency, as compared to unprimed trials. We also found that while adults looked first, and longer, at the eyes as compared to the mouth regions of target faces, children did not exhibit this gaze behavior. Our results thus indicate that young children are more sensitive than adults or older children to auditory emotion word primes during the perception of emotional faces, and that the distribution of gaze across the regions of the face changes significantly from childhood to adulthood.
Serial Dependence of Emotion Within and Between Stimulus Sensory Modalities
Authors: Van der Burg Erik , Toet Alexander , Brouwer Anne-Marie , Van Erp Jan B. F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
How we perceive the world is not solely determined by what we sense at a given moment in time, but also by what we processed recently. Here we investigated whether such serial dependencies for emotional stimuli transfer from one modality to another. Participants were presented a random sequence of emotional sounds and images and instructed to rate the valence and arousal of each stimulus (Experiment 1). For both ratings, we conducted an intertrial analysis, based on whether the rating on the previous trial was low or high. We found a positive serial dependence for valence and arousal regardless of the stimulus modality on two consecutive trials. In Experiment 2, we examined whether passively perceiving a stimulus is sufficient to induce a serial dependence. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to rate the stimuli only on active trials and not on passive trials. The participants were informed that the active and passive trials were presented in alternating order, so that they were able to prepare for the task. We conducted an intertrial analysis on active trials, based on whether the rating on the previous passive trial (determined in Experiment 1) was low or high. For both ratings, we again observed positive serial dependencies regardless of the stimulus modality. We conclude that the emotional experience triggered by one stimulus affects the emotional experience for a subsequent stimulus regardless of their sensory modalities, that this occurs in a bottom-up fashion, and that this can be explained by residual activation in the emotional network in the brain.
A New Benchmark for Surface Radiation Products over the East Asia–Pacific Region Retrieved from the Himawari-8/AHI Next-Generation Geostationary Satellite
Authors: Letu Husi , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Wang Tianxing , Shang Huazhe , Ma Run , Yang Kun , Baran Anthony J. , Riedi Jerome , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Yoshida Mayumi , Shi Chong , Khatri Pradeep , Du Yihan , Chen Liangfu , Shi Jiancheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surface downward radiation (SDR), including shortwave downward radiation (SWDR) and longwave downward radiation (LWDR), is of great importance to energy and climate studies. Considering the lack of reliable SDR data with a high spatiotemporal resolution in the East Asia–Pacific (EAP) region, we derived SWDR and LWDR at 10-min and 0.05° resolutions for this region from 2016 to 2020 based on the next-generation geostationary satellite Himawari-8 (H-8). The SDR product is unique in terms of its all-sky features, high accuracy, and high-resolution levels. The cloud effect is fully considered in the SDR product, and the influence of high aerosol loadings and topography on the SWDR are considered. Compared to benchmark products of the radiation, such as Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) next-generation reanalysis (ERA5), and the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS), not only is the resolution of the new SDR product notably much higher, but the product accuracy is also higher than that of those products. In particular, hourly and daily root-mean-square errors of the new SWDR are 104.9 and 31.5 W m−2, respectively, which are much smaller than those of CERES (at 121.6 and 38.6 W m−2, respectively), ERA5 (at 176.6 and 39.5 W m−2, respectively), and GLASS (daily of 36.5 W m−2). Meanwhile, RMSEs of hourly and daily values of the new LWDR are 19.6 and 14.4 W m−2, respectively, which are comparable to that of CERES and ERA5, and even better over high-altitude regions.
Examination of the Combined Effect of Deep-Layer Vertical Shear Direction and Lower-Tropospheric Mean Flow on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size Based on the ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Chen Buo-Fu , Davis Christopher A. , Kuo Ying-Hwa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Idealized numerical studies have suggested that in addition to vertical wind shear (VWS) magnitude, the VWS profile also affects tropical cyclone (TC) development. A way to further understand the VWS profile’s effect is to examine the interaction between a TC and various shear-relative low-level mean flow (LMF) orientations. This study mainly uses the ERA5 reanalysis to verify that, consistent with idealized simulations, boundary layer processes associated with different shear-relative LMF orientations affect real-world TC’s intensity and size. Based on analyses of 720 TCs from multiple basins during 2004–16, a TC affected by an LMF directed toward downshear-left in the Northern Hemisphere favors intensification, whereas an LMF directed toward upshear-right is favorable for expansion. Furthermore, physical processes associated with shear-relative LMF orientation may also partly explain the relationship between the VWS direction and TC development, as there is a correlation between the two variables. The analysis of reanalysis data provides other new insights. The relationship between shear-relative LMF and intensification is not significantly modified by other factors [inner-core sea surface temperature (SST), VWS magnitude, and relative humidity (RH)]. However, the relationship regarding expansion is partly attributed to environmental SST and RH variations for various LMF orientations. Moreover, SST is critical to the basin-dependent variability of the relationship between the shear-relative LMF and intensification. For Atlantic TCs, the relationship between LMF orientation and intensification is inconsistent with all-basin statistics unless the analysis is restricted to a representative subset of samples associated with generally favorable conditions.
Short Courses of Antibiotics Are Safe in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Valadez Maria G. , Patel Neil , Chong Vince , Putnam Brant A. , Moazzez Ashkan , Saltzman Darin , Kim Dennis Y. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) carry high morbidity and mortality. While early aggressive surgical debridement is well-accepted treatment for NSTIs, the optimum duration of adjunct antibiotic therapy is unclear. An increasing focus on safety and evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship suggests a value in addressing this knowledge gap. Objective To determine whether shorter antibiotic courses have similar outcomes compared to longer courses in patients with NSTI following adequate source control. Population 142 consecutive patients with surgically managed NSTI were identified on retrospective chart review between December 2014 and December 2018 at two academic medical centers. Results Patients were predominately male (74%) with a median age of 52 and similar baseline characteristics. The median number of debridements to definitive source control was 2 (IQR 1-3) with the short course group undergoing a greater number of debridements control 2.57 ± 1.8 vs 1.9 ± 1.2, ( P = .01). Of 142 patients, 34.5% received a short course and the remaining 65.5% received a longer course of antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bacteremia or wound culture positivity between groups. There was also no significant difference in in-hospital mortality, 8% vs 6% ( P = .74), incidence of C. difficile infection, median length of stay, or 30-day readmission. Conclusion Provided adequate surgical debridement, similar outcomes in morbidity and mortality suggest antibiotic courses of 7 days or less are equally safe compared to longer courses.