bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of enantio‐separation, absolute configuration and chiral recognition mechanism of ofloxacin and flumequine by HPLC and modeling studies
Authors: Ali Imran , Sekkoum Khaled , Belboukhari Nasser , Rebizi Mohamed N , Zaid Mohammed El Amin , Yusuf Kareem , Alothman Asma A , AlJumah Bayan A , Ouladsmane Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe determination of enantio‐separation, absolute configuration and chiral recognition mechanism of ofloxacin and flumequine was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and modeling studies. The column used was a Chiralcel OD‐H with normal and polar organic mobile phase modes. The exhaustive chiral separation was optimized through various HPLC parameters.RESULTSThe selectivity, separation factors and resolution factors for ofloxacin were 8.2 and 9.4, 1.15 and 2.43 in the normal mobile phase, while these values were 10.5 and 12.0, 1.14 and 2.40 for flumequine in polar organic mobile phase mode, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were ΔH (−0.137 J mol−1), ΔS (7.35 × 10−4 J mol−1) and ΔG (−0.360 J mol−1 K−1) for ofloxacin, and ΔH (−0.035 J.mol−1), ΔS (21.3 × 10−4 J mol−1) and ΔG (−0.105 J mol−1 K−1) for flumequine, confirming spontaneous chiral separation at all temperatures. The chiral recognition mechanism was established by HPLC and modeling results. The modeling binding affinity were −2.5 kcal mol–1 (R‐enantiomer) and −2.6 kcal mol–1 (S‐enantiomer) for ofloxacin, and −2.30 kcal mol–1 (R‐enantiomer) and −2.40 kcal mol–1 (S‐enantiomer) for flumequine enantiomers. The chiral resolution is controlled by hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions and other forces.CONCLUSIONThese methods were applied to monitor ofloxacin and flumequine quinolones in urine samples. Briefly, the developed chiral HPLC methods are effective and may be used to analyze the reported enantiomers in any biological sample. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effects of Laryngeal Vibratory Asymmetry and Neuromuscular Compensation on Voice Quality
Authors: Pillutla Pranati , Zhang Zhaoyan , Kreiman Jody , Wilhalme Holly , Chhetri Dinesh K. 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionVibratory asymmetry and neuromuscular compensation are often seen in laryngeal neuromuscular pathology. However, the ramifications of these findings on voice quality are unclear. This study investigated the effects of varying levels of vibratory asymmetry and neuromuscular compensation on cepstral peak prominence (CPP), an analog of voice quality.Study DesignIn vivo canine phonation model.MethodsVarying degrees of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry were achieved by stimulating one recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) over 11 levels from threshold to maximal muscle activation. For each of these levels, phonation was induced at systematically varied combinations of neuromuscular compensation: three levels each of contralateral RLN stimulation (80%, 90%, and 100% of maximal), superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) activation (0%, 50%, and 100% of maximal), and airflow levels (500, 700, and 900 mL/s). Vocal fold symmetry was determined by assessing the opening phase of the vibratory cycle in high‐speed video recordings. Voice quality was estimated acoustically by calculating CPP for each voice sample.ResultsEight hundred twenty‐two phonatory conditions with varying degrees of vibratory asymmetry were evaluated. CPP was highest at vibratory symmetry. Increasing levels of asymmetry resulted in significant decreases in CPP. CPP increased significantly with increasing contralateral RLN activation. CPP was significantly higher at 50% SLN activation than 0% or 100% SLN activation.ConclusionVoice quality, as approximated by CPP, is best at vibratory symmetry and deteriorates with increasing degrees of asymmetry. Voice quality may be improved with neuromuscular compensation by increased adduction of the contralateral vocal fold or increased vocal fold tension at mid‐levels of SLN activation.Level of EvidenceNA, Basic Science Laryngoscope, 132:130–134, 2022
A Strategy of Liquid‐Grafted Slippery Sponges with Simultaneously Enhanced Absorption and Desorption Performances for Crude Oil Spill Remediation
Authors: Liu Shilin , Lin Jing , Chen Qiyuan , Liu Zili , Gui Lishuang , Chen Liwei , Huang Shilin , Tian Xuelin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCrude oil spill accidents pose a worldwide environmental threat. Oleophilic and hydrophobic absorbents that can selectively absorb oil from water have shown promising application potential in oil spill remediation. Simultaneous optimization of the absorption and desorption speed of absorbents towards oil is highly desirable for their recyclable usage, but remains a great challenge, because these two properties are generally conflicting. Here, a facile and ingenious strategy is proposed to tackle the above challenge via surface modification of porous sponges with highly flexible linear polydimethylsiloxane (LPDMS) brushes. The LPDMS brushes feature liquid‐like properties at room temperature owing to its extremely low glass transition temperature, and act as a covalently‐grafted lubrication layer throughout the 3D network channels of the sponge, which can minimize contact angle hysteresis and reduce friction between oil and sponge channel. Compared to the prevalent cross‐linked polydimethylsiloxane (CPDMS) modification strategy, sponges modified with LPDMS brushes not only shows significantly enhanced absorption speed, but also exhibits superior desorption dynamics towards viscous crude oils. The design strategy of slippery sponges with liquid‐like molecules may open a new avenue for developing advanced absorbents with simultaneously enhanced absorption and desorption performances for liquid separation and purification applications.
Specialized computational methods for denoising, B1 correction, and kinetic modeling in hyperpolarized 13C MR EPSI studies of liver tumors
Authors: Lee Philip M. , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Gordon Jeremy W. , Zhu Zihan , Larson Peder E.Z. , Dwork Nicholas , Van Criekinge Mark , Carvajal Lucas , Ohliger Michael A. , Wang Zhen J. , Xu Duan , Kurhanewicz John , Bok Robert A. , Aggarwal Rahul , Munster Pamela N. , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo develop a novel post‐processing pipeline for hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRSI that integrates tensor denoising and correction to measure pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion rates (kPL) in patients with liver tumors.MethodsSeven HP 13C MR scans of progressing liver tumors were acquired using a custom 13C surface transmit/receive coil and the echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) data analysis included B0 correction, tensor rank truncation, and zero‐ and first‐order phase corrections to recover metabolite signals that would otherwise be obscured by spectral noise as well as a correction for inhomogeneous transmit () using a map aligned to the coil position for each patient scan. Processed HP data and corrected flip angles were analyzed with an inputless two‐site exchange model to calculate kPL.ResultsDenoising averages SNR increases of pyruvate, lactate, and alanine were 37.4‐, 34.0‐, and 20.1‐fold, respectively, with lactate and alanine dynamics most noticeably recovered and better defined. In agreement with Monte Carlo simulations, over‐flipped regions underestimated kPL and under‐flipped regions overestimated kPL. correction addressed this issue.ConclusionThe new HP 13C EPSI post‐processing pipeline integrated tensor denoising and correction to measure kPL in patients with liver tumors. These technical developments not only recovered metabolite signals in voxels that did not receive the prescribed flip angle, but also increased the extent and accuracy of kPL estimations throughout the tumor and adjacent regions including normal‐appearing tissue and additional lesions.
The Hong Kong Umbrella Movement as a non‐profit organization: An empirical study on the use of visual branding practices for social change
Authors: Patsiaouras Georgios , Veneti Anastasia , Green William 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we draw our attention to the growth of a new social movement, as a non‐profit organization which aims to effectively communicate its collective identity and messages to larger audiences. Initially, we provide a critical discussion on the interrelationships between marketing theory/practice and protest groups' promotional tactics. Afterwards, we focus on the interface between visual branding practices and new social movement's strategies to create a visual branding identity around their protest symbols and aims. In order to do so, we adopted a moderate participant observation approach to explore how the 2014 Hong Kong Umbrella Movement employed forms of visual branding to engage local and global audiences and induce social change. Drawing on a close examination of field notes and a visual analysis of digital archives and images from the protest sites, we identify and discuss the presence of several visual branding techniques for the imaginative promotion of the movement's demands and causes. Our findings suggest that the 2014 Umbrella Movement protesters coordinated and acted as non‐profit organization which employed innovative and creative visual branding methods to enhance the movement's unity and trigger emotional responses from diverse audiences. We conclude the article with suggestions for future research around the interrelationships between social movements' protest symbols, transnational visual branding practices and non‐profit organizational practices.
The cultural roles of perforated fish vertebrae in prehistoric and historic Europe
Authors: Makowiecki Daniel , Ritchie Kenneth , Pluskowski Aleks 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a new synthesis of perforated fish vertebrae in prehistoric and historic Europe, with a particular focus on Poland, within the broader context of Central and Eastern Europe. The earliest examples of such artefacts in Europe date from the Upper Palaeolithic, but compared to other ‘beads’ manufactured from animal bone, perforated fish vertebrae are rare. This paper examines the diachronic trends in the range of species that have been chosen for such objects, as well as their depositional contexts. Despite the wide range of freshwater and marine species exploited by people, only the vertebrae of a few species—especially pike and catfish—were selected for use as beads. There is a general shift from their deposition in funerary contexts in prehistoric European societies to their association as low‐status objects associated with Christian private devotion in the post‐conversion period. However, this may not reflect continuity in the use of fish vertebrae, with a shift in their symbolism after the conversion to Christianity, given the substantial chronological gaps in the archaeological record. This synthesis nonetheless provides a solid foundation for contextualising future archaeological finds of such artefacts.
An optogenetic assay method for electrogenic transporters using Escherichia coli co‐expressing light‐driven proton pump
Authors: Hayashi Masahiro , Kojima Keiichi , Sudo Yuki , Yamashita Atsuko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn organisms, nutrients and wastes move across the cellular membrane, in which membrane‐embedded transporters facilitate and inhibit the movement. Despite the physiological significances, the currently used assay methods for transporter activities require tedious preparation and analytical processes. In this study, we report the isotope‐free and label‐free measurement system for the transport activities of electrogenic transporters. In the system, two molecules, a light‐driven inward proton pump rhodopsin, xenorhodopsin (XeR), and a representative of an electrogenic transporter, an oxalate transporter (OxlT), were co‐expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The light illumination of the cells co‐expressing XeR and OxlT showed an increase in the pH of the bulk solution and that the extent of the pH change is significantly enhanced by adding the oxalate, suggesting the light‐induced inward proton transport by XeR coupled to the negative electrogenic transport by OxlT. Such a pH increase was dependent on the oxalate concentration, but not on the XeR expression level. Of note, pH increase was not observed for the nonfunctional mutants of OxlT, R272A, and K355Q, supporting the validity of the system. Thus, we successfully developed an optogenetic assay method for electrogenic transporters using E. coli co‐expressing light‐driven proton pump.
Can AI be racist? Color‐evasiveness in the application of machine learning to science assessments
Authors: Cheuk Tina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssessment developers are increasingly using the developing technology of machine learning in transforming how to assess students in their science learning. I argue that these algorithmic models further embed the structures of inequality that are pervasive in the development of science assessments in how they legitimize certain language practices that protect the hierarchical standing of status quo interests. My argument is situated within the broader emerging ethical challenges around this new technology. I apply a raciolinguistic equity analysis framework in critiquing the “new black box” that reinforces structural forms of discrimination against the linguistic repertoires of racially marginalized student populations. The article ends with me sharing a set of tactical shifts that can be deployed to form a more equitable and socially‐just field of machine learning enhanced science assessments.
Synthesis of Different Pt‐ZnO Binary Composites for Synergistic Photo‐Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol in Alkali
Authors: Kanti Bera Kamal , Chakraborty Malay , Kanti Bera Shyamal , Mandal Manas , Chatterjee Sujit , Kumar Bhattacharya Swapan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious compositions of Pt‐ZnO binary nano composites are synthesized as anode‐catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkali under both presence and absence of visible light. Synthesized materials are characterised by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The catalytic capabilities of synthesized anodes are evaluated by cyclic voltametry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electro‐chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CV studies indicate that Pt‐ZnO composite containing 0.6 wt % of Pt displays peak current density (in mAmg−1 of Pt) 427.5 which is 14.84 times greater than that of composite containing 0.1 wt % Pt (28.80) in dark condition and under visible light, 0.4 wt % Pt and 0.6 wt % Pt exhibit 1.89 and 1.28 times greater activity in reference to MOR than that of dark. CA study reveals that 0.6 wt % Pt exhibits steady current density (20.91 mAmg−1 of Pt) 209 times higher compared to that of composite having 0.1 wt % Pt (0.264 mAmg−1 of Pt). The photocurrent response of 0.4 wt % Pt is found the best among the electrodes examined. The EIS data also reveal enhanced interfacial charge transfer in photo‐irradiated electrodes. The HPLC and GCMS studies identify MOR products and help to draw the mechanisms.
Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Nickel Supported Bentonite Catalyst
Authors: Kamble Paresh A. , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Rathod Virendra K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, nickel‐supported bentonite catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation method followed by activation and reduction. The nickel catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity for hydrogenation of furfural with 98 % selectivity towards furfuryl alcohol. In addition, various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, catalyst loading, solvents, and catalyst recycling, were optimized to enhance furfural conversion and furfuryl alcohol selectivity.
Preparation and Characterization of a Hard Capsule Based on Oxidized Rice Starch and Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen QiJie , Zhao YaLan , Zong ZhangYang , You Na , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA hard capsule based on oxidized rice starch (ORS) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is prepared by a dipping method and the glycerol and carrageenan are used as a plasticizer and gelling agent in the ORS/CNC gel solution, respectively. The viscosity of gel solution that is suitable for film‐forming/capsule‐forming is analyzed. When the content of CNC is 8.0%, the tensile strength of the ORS/CNC composite film is 10.09 MPa and increased by 196.0%. The loss on drying and the disintegration time of the ORS/CNC capsules are also investigated. The ORS/CNC capsules are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results show that the ORS and CNC have good compatibility and good film‐forming ability and can be used as excipients to prepare the hard capsules.
Client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice: A structured review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Elte Yteke , Wolframm Inga , Nielen Mirjam , van Weeren René 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pressure on equine veterinarians to provide services that meet with a client's demands, that is, realizing client satisfaction, is considerable.AimThe aim of this paper is to analyze existing literature, with a view to distill the most relevant components for client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice.Materials and MethodsA structured literature search was conducted. Included papers were systematically organised and analysed using an inductive approach.ResultsSeven components relevant to client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice were identified: quality of care, quality of service, horsemanship of the veterinarian, costs of service, interpersonal skills, professional attitude and transfer of knowledge.DiscussionThe limited amount and variable quality of available records regarding client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice are the main limitations of this study.ConclusionThe seven categories identified are likely to play a fundamental role in achieving client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice. Additional research is required to validate these categories and relate them to different types of clients as well as map their needs and expectations, so that they can be used to assist equine veterinary professionals in tailoring customer experience to the individual client.
Evaluation of fluoride adsorption in solution by synthetic Al2O3/CeO2: A fixed‐bed column study
Authors: Chen Fenfei , Lv Fengjin , Li Huabin , Xu Ling'e , Wei Jun , He Yuxuan , Qian Jin , Gao Pan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA highly efficient fluoride adsorbent Al2O3/CeO2 was synthesized in this work and used it to fluoride removal in the fixed‐bed adsorption through changing the different experimental conditions (influent F− concentration, flow velocity, and bed heights). The adsorption capacity was 9.72 mg/g. In addition, the Adams–Bohart and Thomas models were used to fit and evaluate the column breakthrough curve of fluoride removal process by Al2O3/CeO2, and the correlation coefficients (R2) of the Thomas model were close to 1 under all experimental conditions. The structure of Al2O3/CeO2 and the adsorption mechanism were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the adsorption of fluoride (F−) was mainly through metal binding (MF) and hydroxyl binding (AlOH⋯F) on the surface of the Al2O3/CeO2. Furthermore, the regeneration and coexisting anions studies of Al2O3/CeO2 were carried out, and the efficiency of adsorption was still above 70% after five cycles.Practitioner Points

Removal of fluoride was studied by fixed‐bed experiment, and the adsorption capacity of composite Al2O3/CeO2 was 9.72 mg/g.
The metal complex played important role in fluoride removal and reusability makes a long‐term application for fluoride adsorption.
Fluoride wastewater is pumped to the fixed‐bed column, and fluoride ions are absorbed by Al2O3/CeO2 through fluoride metal complex and aluminum hydrofluoride.
Elliptical heads result in increased glenohumeral translation along with micro-motion of the glenoid component during axial rotation in total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Muench Lukas N. , Kia Cameron , Murphey Matthew , Obopilwe Elifho , Cote Mark P. , Imhoff Andreas B. , Mazzocca Augustus D. , Berthold Daniel P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Elliptical-shaped humeral head prostheses have recently been proposed to reflect a more anatomic shoulder replacement. However, its subsequent effect on micro-motion of the glenoid component is still not understood.

Materials and methods
Six fresh-frozen, cadaveric shoulders (mean age: 62.7 ± 9.2 years) were used for the study. Each specimen underwent total shoulder arthroplasty using an anatomic stemless implant. At 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° of glenohumeral abduction, 50° of internal and external rotations in the axial plane were alternatingly applied to the humerus with both an elliptical and spherical humeral head design. Glenohumeral translation was assessed by means of a 3-dimensional digitizer. Micro-motion of the glenoid component was evaluated using four high-resolution differential variable reluctance transducer strain gauges, placed at the anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior aspect of the glenoid component.

Results
The elliptical head design showed significantly more micro-motion in total and at the superior aspect of glenoid component during external rotation at 15° (total: P = 0.004; superior: P = 0.004) and 30° (total: P = 0.045; superior: P = 0.033) of abduction when compared to the spherical design. However, during internal rotation, elliptical and spherical heads showed similar amounts of micro-motion at the glenoid component at all tested abduction angles. When looking at glenohumeral translation, elliptical and spherical heads showed similar anteroposterior and superoinferior translation as well as compound motion during external rotation at all tested abduction angles. During internal rotation, the elliptical design resulted in significantly more anteroposterior translation and compound motion at all abduction angles when compared to the spherical design (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In the setting of total shoulder arthroplasty, the elliptical head design demonstrated greater glenohumeral translation and micro-motion at the glenoid component during axial rotation when compared to the spherical design, potentially increasing the risk for glenoid loosening in the long term.

Level of evidence
Controlled Laboratory Study
Topological measurement of deep neural networks using persistent homology
Authors: Watanabe Satoru , Yamana Hayato 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe inner representation of deep neural networks (DNNs) is indecipherable, which makes it difficult to tune DNN models, control their training process, and interpret their outputs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to investigate the inner representation of DNNs through topological data analysis (TDA). Persistent homology (PH), one of the outstanding methods in TDA, was employed for investigating the complexities of trained DNNs. We constructed clique complexes on trained DNNs and calculated the one-dimensional PH of DNNs. The PH reveals the combinational effects of multiple neurons in DNNs at different resolutions, which is difficult to be captured without using PH. Evaluations were conducted using fully connected networks (FCNs) and networks combining FCNs and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 data sets. Evaluation results demonstrate that the PH of DNNs reflects both the excess of neurons and problem difficulty, making PH one of the prominent methods for investigating the inner representation of DNNs.