bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne® and CLSI M38‐A2 microdilution methods in determining the activity of nine antifungal agents against dermatophytes
Authors: Chang Wenqian , Bao Fangfang , Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDermatophytes are the most common fungal pathogens causing superficial infections in humans with a high prevalence worldwide. The treatment of these infections is based on the use of topical and systemic antifungal agents. A convenient method with a high predictive value for testing the susceptibilities of dermatophytes is necessary.ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of the Sensititre YeastOne® in testing the activity of nine antifungal agents against dermatophytes.MethodsWe compared Sensititre® with reference procedure for anidulafungin (ANID), micafungin sodium (MCF), caspofungin acetate (CAS), 5‐fluorocytosine (5FC), posaconazole (PCZ), voriconazole (VCZ), itraconazole (ITZ), fluconazole (FLZ) and amphotericin B (AMB) against 79 dermatophyte isolates, the essential agreement (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) between the two methods were obtained.ResultsThe MICs or MECs obtained by the Sensititre® were usually lower than those obtained by the M38‐A2. The overall EA between the two methods of nine antifungals was best for 5FC (100%), followed by MCF (94.9%), PCZ (84.8%), AMB (67.1%), FLZ (65.8%), VCZ (63.3%), ANID (29.1%), ITZ (20.3%) and CAS (2.5%). The overall CA between the two methods for all drugs was 100% except for ANID (97.4%), MCF (95%) and PCZ (92.5%). Substantial discrepancies were observed with all drugs except for VCZ and 5FC. The results of M38‐A2 in terms of GMIC (or GMEC) and MIC90 (or MEC90) were, in increasing order, as follows: MCF, PCZ, VCZ, ANID, ITZ, CAS, AMB, FLZ and 5FC.ConclusionsThe Sensititre YeastOne® shows poor EA with the reference method for dermatophytes; therefore, M38‐A2 should remain the reference procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing against dermatophytes.
Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: Review of definitions and diagnostic approaches
Authors: Jenks Jeffrey D. , Nam Hannah H. , Hoenigl Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is an increasingly recognised phenomenon in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit, including in patients with severe influenza and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. To date, there are no consensus criteria on how to define IA in the ICU population, although several criteria are used, including the AspICU criteria and new consensus criteria to categorise COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). In this review, we describe the epidemiology of IA in critically ill patients, most common definitions used to define IA in this population, and most common clinical specimens obtained for establishing a mycological diagnosis of IA in the critically ill. We also review the most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose IA in this population, and lastly discuss the most common clinical presentation and imaging findings of IA in the critically ill and discuss areas of further needed investigation.
Natural variation identifies a Pxy gene controlling vascular organisation and formation of nodules and lateral roots in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Kawaharada Yasuyuki , Sandal Niels , Gupta Vikas , Jin Haojie , Kawaharada Maya , Taniuchi Makoto , Ruman Hafijur , Nadzieja Marcin , Andersen Kasper R. , Schneeberger Korbinian , Stougaard Jens , Andersen Stig U. 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Forward and reverse genetics using the model legumes Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula have been instrumental in identifying the essential genes governing legume–rhizobia symbiosis. However, little information is known about the effects of intraspecific variation on symbiotic signalling.

Here, we use quantitative trait locus sequencing (QTL‐seq) to investigate the genetic basis of the differentiated phenotypic responses shown by the Lotus accessions Gifu and MG20 to inoculation with the Mesorhizobium loti exoU mutant that produces truncated exopolysaccharides.

We identified through genetic complementation the Pxy gene as a component of this differential exoU response. Lotus Pxy encodes a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase similar to Arabidopsis thaliana PXY, which regulates stem vascular development. We show that Lotus pxy insertion mutants displayed defects in root and stem vascular organisation, as well as lateral root and nodule formation.

Our work links Pxy to de novo organogenesis in the root, highlights the genetic overlap between regulation of lateral root and nodule formation, and demonstrates that natural variation in Pxy affects nodulation signalling.
Extracellular vesicles from M1‐polarized macrophages promote inflammation in the temporomandibular joint via miR‐1246 activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Peng Sisi , Yan Yin , Li Rui , Dai Hongwei , Xu Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMacrophage‐mediated regulation of chondrocytes plays an important role in promoting temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation. We investigated whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from M1 macrophages (M1‐EVs) have a proinflammatory effect on TMJ inflammation and what the associated mechanisms are.	In vitro, purified THP‐1 cell–derived M1‐EVs were applied to human TMJ condylar chondrocytes, and in vivo M1‐EVs derived from bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) were injected into rat TMJs. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β, and matrix metalloproteinase were then evaluated and found to be upregulated in the chondrocytes and rat TMJs. MicroRNA sequencing analysis was performed to identify differential expression of miRNAs, including miR‐1246. High expression of miR‐1246 in M1‐EVs from synovial fluid of patients with TMJ osteoarthritis and synovitis was verified by RT‐PCR. We then identified miR‐1246 targets GSK3β and Axin2 and found that miR‐1246 inhibits GSK3β and Axin2 expression, causing activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and inflammation in condylar chondrocytes. Our study found that M1‐EVs promote inflammation by transfer of miR‐1246 to condylar chondrocytes, thus providing new insight into one mechanism that can promote TMJ inflammation.
A New Unit Root Test for Unemployment Hysteresis Based on the Autoregressive Neural Network*
Authors: Yaya OlaOluwa S. , Ogbonna Ahamuefula E. , Furuoka Fumitaka , Gil‐Alana Luis A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a nonlinear unit root test based on the autoregressive neural network process for testing unemployment hysteresis. In this new unit root testing framework, the linear, quadratic and cubic components of the neural network process are used to capture the nonlinearity in a given time series data. The theoretical properties of the test are developed, while the size and the power properties are examined in a Monte Carlo simulation study. Various empirical applications with unemployment and inflation rates across a number of countries are carried out at the end of the article.
BMP4/ALK3 deficiency leads to Meckel's cartilage truncation mimicking the mandible Tessier 30 cleft
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lin Chensheng , Song Yingnan , Chen Jiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn chondrogenesis, BMP signaling was inferred to exhibit regional specificity during Meckel's cartilage morphogenesis. This study aimed to explore the differences in BMP signaling activity between different parts of Meckel's cartilage and the impacts of BMP4 or ALK3 deficiency on the development of Meckel's cartilage during embryogenesis.Materials and methodsThe BRE‐gal reporter mouse line was utilized to gain an overall picture of canonical BMP signaling activity, as assessed by X‐gal staining. Mouse models lacking either Bmp4 or Alk3 in neural crest cells (Wnt1‐Cre;Bmp4fl/fl and Wnt1‐Cre;Alk3fl/fl) were generated to explore the morphogenesis of Meckel's cartilage and the mandibular symphysis, as assessed by skeletal staining, histology, and immunostaining.ResultsDifferent parts of Meckel's cartilage exhibited activation of different combinations of BMP signaling pathways. In Wnt1‐Cre;Bmp4fl/fl mutants, Sox9+ condensation of the chondrogenic rostral process failed to form, and the V‐shaped Runx2+ tissue was split in the median mandibular symphysis. The Wnt1‐Cre;Bmp4fl/fl and Wnt1‐Cre;Alk3fl/fl mouse models both exhibited truncated Meckel's cartilage, aberrant mandibular intramembranous bone, and tongue muscle abnormalities.ConclusionsThe central hard‐tissue loss of both mutant mouse models led to a mandibular symphysis cleft, mimicking the typical sign of the median mandible Tessier 30 cleft in humans.
The role of the environment in shaping the trends of childhood asthma – An Asian perspective
Authors: Leung Agnes S. Y. , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Li Jing , Pacharn Punchama , Takizawa Takumi , Lee Eun , Xing Yuhan , Leung Ting‐Fan , Hong Soo‐Jong , Wong Gary W. K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAsthma has now become one of the most common atopic disorders not only in developed countries but also in many developing countries. The etiology is likely due to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In many Asian countries, the prevalence of asthma has also been documented by validated instruments to be increasing rapidly over the past two decades. However, studies in rural areas in Asia with a traditional farming environment revealed markedly lower asthma prevalence when compared with residents in nearby cities despite having similar genetic background. Among the environmental factors implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, air pollution, dietary patterns, viral infections, and early microbial exposure have been studied extensively around the world. Asia provides many opportunities to study these potential factors as there are many ethnic groups living in distinctly different environments. The understanding of the roles of these factors in affecting the early immune system and subsequent development of asthma will enable us to develop potential primary preventive strategies against a disease which affects millions worldwide.
Outcomes of Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Across Subgroups of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory – A Study From the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation
Authors: Gerdle Björn , Cervin Matti , Rivano Fischer Marcelo , Ringqvist Åsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is frequently used in the assessment of chronic pain. Three subgroups have been derived from MPI: adaptive coper (AC), dysfunctional (DYS), and interpersonally distressed (ID). The primary aim of this study was to examine whether outcome of Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain Rehabilitation Programs (IMMRPs) differed across the MPI subgroups.MethodsPatients with chronic pain (N = 34,513), included in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation, were classified into MPI subgroups and a subset that participated in IMMRPs (N = 13,419) was used to examine overall treatment outcomes using a previously established Multivariate Improvement Score (MIS) and 2 retrospective patient‐evaluated benefits from treatment.ResultsThe subgroups differed on sociodemographic characteristics, pain duration, and spatial spreading of pain. DYS and ID had the best overall outcomes to MIS. AC had the best outcomes according to the 2 retrospective items. Transition into other subgroups following IMMRP was common and most prominent in DYS and least prominent in AC.ConclusionThe validity of the MPI subgroups was partially confirmed. DYS and ID had the most severe clinical presentations at baseline and showed most improvement following IMMRP, but overall severity in DYS and ID at post‐treatment was still higher than in the AC group. Future studies should examine how processes captured by MPI interact with neurobiological, medical, sociodemographic, and adaptation/coping factors and how these interactions impact severity of chronic pain and treatment outcome.
Abortion Referendums: Is There a Recipe for Success?
Authors: Silagadze Nanuli 
Published: March 2021

The topic of abortion has been among the most salient and polarizing issues on the European continent since the 1960s. However, abortion referendums have not received much attention from political scientists—to date, there is no comparative analysis of such popular votes. This article goes beyond the usual models of single case/country analyses and examines nationwide referendums on this policy in four European countries from the last four decades. The analysis focuses on twelve referendums and aims to identify the factors behind the pro‐choice or pro‐life outcome of a referendum by exploring the impact of relative consensus within the parliament, support of the head of government and medical experts, and the level of secularization of the country. The findings suggest that these factors have a substantial influence on the outcome.Related ArticlesCarmines, Edward G., Jessica C. Gerrity, and Michael W. Wagner. 2010. “How Abortion Became a Partisan Issue: Media Coverage of the Interest Group‐Political Party Connection.” Politics & Policy 38 (6): 1135‐1158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00272.xDoan, Alesha E., and Corinne Schwarz. 2020. “Father Knows Best: ‘Protecting’ Women through State Surveillance and Social Control in Anti‐Abortion Policy.” Politics & Policy 48 (1): 6‐37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12337LaFrance, T. Casey, and Brian Frederick. 2007. “Economic Status versus Same‐Sex Marriage Referenda in the 2004 Democratic Presidential Vote in ‘Appalachian’ Counties.” Politics & Policy 35 (2): 298‐317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00061.x
Re‐reading a quatrain by Mary Queen of Scots
Authors: Wingfield Emily 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContributing both to work on Mary Queen of Scots’ poetry in particular, and to the growing field of early modern women’s marginalia more broadly, in this article I draw renewed attention to an overlooked autograph copy of a quatrain by Mary Queen of Scots (‘Si ce Lieu est’) in Sheffield, Guild of St George, MS R.3546. Mary’s verse appears here below an image of Christ’s wounded heart and opposite an image of a priest celebrating the Eucharist. In the first half of the article I discuss the manuscript’s provenance and its association with female members of Mary’s family, and I also assess the poem’s editorial history and critical heritage. I then propose a new translation and offer original readings of Mary’s self‐consciously meta‐textual wordplay. Most significantly, I make a case for the importance of reading ‘Si ce Lieu est’, like other examples of Mary’s poetry, not just in isolation but very much alongside the visual material it accompanies.
Impacts of management training on workers: Evidence from Central America and the Caribbean region
Authors: Shimada Go , Sonobe Tetsushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in the impact assessment of management training programs. Among various types of training, this study focuses on those featuring Kaizen, a standard approach to production management and quality control whose name derives from the Japanese word meaning “improvement.” Previous studies of Kaizen training programs evaluate training impacts on management practices, business performance, and the willingness to pay for training, and do not pay attention to impacts on workers. Using the firm‐level data, this study attempts to assess the impacts of an onsite training program held at small and medium enterprises in eight Central American and Caribbean countries. Treated firms are compared with those firms that are selected by the sponsor organization according to the same criteria as the treated counterparts but not yet treated. Propensity score matching is employed to increase comparability between the two groups. This paper presents suggestive evidence that the training program improved work practices and the attitude of workers toward work. It also suggests that the treated firms weaken the linkage between sales revenues and wages, probably to induce workers to pay attention to activities that do not immediately increase sales, such as maintenance and coaching of other workers.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios in dogs and cats with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Neumann Stephan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been described as prognostic markers in cancer and inflammatory diseases. The use of these measurements in dogs and cats with acute pancreatitis has not yet been investigated.ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate NLR and PLR for usefulness as biomarkers for severity and clinical course of acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats.MethodsIn this prospective study, we investigated 67 dogs and 41 cats with acute pancreatitis and 17 healthy dogs and cats as controls. We compared the NLR and PLR of dogs and cats with acute pancreatitis with control animals. The severity of disease was measured using a modified “bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis” (BISAP) score in humans, and the course of the disease was measured with the time to clinical recovery.ResultsNLR and PLR were significantly higher in dogs and cats with pancreatitis than in healthy controls. However, no significant relationship between NLR or PLR and disease severity was found, as assessed with the modified BISAP score. Dogs and cats with pancreatitis and prolonged recovery displayed a significantly increased PLR, and those same cats also displayed a significantly increased NLR.ConclusionsWe conclude that increased NLR and PLR provide information regarding the course of pancreatitis in dogs and cats.
Development and Validation of a Model for Centrifugal Compressors in Reversed Flow Regimes
Authors: Powers Katherine H. , Kennedy Ian J. , Brace Chris J. , Milewski Paul A. , Copeland Colin D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTurbochargers are widely used to help reduce the environmental impact of automotive engines. However, a limiting factor for turbochargers is compressor surge. Surge is an instability that induces pressure and flow oscillations that often damages the turbocharger and its installation. Most predictions of the surge limit are based on low-order models, such as the Moore–Greitzer model. These models tend to rely on a characteristic curve for the compressor created by extrapolating the constant speed lines of a steady-state compressor map into the negative mass flow region. However, there is little validation of these assumptions in the public literature. In this article, we develop further the first-principles model for a compressor characteristic presented in Powers, K., Brace, C., Budd, C., Copeland, C., & Milewski, P., 2020, “Modeling Axisymmetric Centrifugal Compressor Characteristics From First Principles,” J. Turbomachinery, 142(9), with a particular emphasis on reverse flow. We then perform experiments using a 58 mm diameter centrifugal compressor provided by Cummins Turbo Technologies, where we feed air in the reverse direction though the compressor while the impeller is spinning in the forward direction to obtain data in the negative mass flow region of the compressor map. This demonstrated experimentally that there is a stable operating region in the reverse flow regime. The recorded data showed a good match with the theoretical model developed in this article. We also identified a change in characteristic behavior as the impeller speed is increased, which, to the authors’ knowledge, has not been observed in any previously published experimental work.
Ice-Crystal Icing Investigation on a Honeywell Uncertified Research Engine in an Altitude Simulation Icing Facility
Authors: Flegel Ashlie B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA Honeywell Uncertified Research Engine was exposed to various ice-crystal conditions in the NASA Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL). Simulations using NASA's one-dimensional (1D) Icing Risk Analysis tool were used to determine potential inlet conditions that could lead to ice-crystal accretion along the inlet of the core flowpath and into the high-pressure compressor. Baseline conditions were established, and parameters were varied to observe accretion characteristics. Data were acquired at altitudes varying from 5 kft to 45 kft, at nominal ice particle median volumetric diameters from 20 µm to 100 µm, and total water contents of 1 g/m3 to 12 g/m3. Metal temperatures were acquired for the inlet guide vane and vane stators 1–2. In situ measurements of the particle size distribution were acquired upstream and downstream of the engine fan face in order to study particle breakup behavior. Cameras were installed in the engine to capture ice accretions at the leading edge of the fan stator, splitter lip, and inlet guide vane. The goal of this study was to understand the key parameters of accretion, acquire particle breakup data aft of the fan, and generate a unique icing dataset for model development. Significant particle breakup downstream of the fan in the bypass was observed. The metal temperatures on the inlet guide vanes (IGVs) and stators show a temperature increase with increasing particle size. Accretion behavior at the fan stator and splitter lip across was very similar. However, accretion decreased with increasing particle size at the IGVs.
SportsCenter: A Case Study of Media Framing U.S. Sport as the COVID-19 Epicenter
Authors: Bell Travis R. 
Published: March 2021

When COVID-19 enveloped sport, it presentedSportsCenter, ESPN’s primary news vehicle, with an unexpected and ironic form of “March Madness,” with basketball as the sporting epicenter for a pandemic. This case study applied an ethnographic content analysis to examine how the cancellation or postponement of sport as a result of COVID-19 was framed across 22 episodes ofSportsCenterfrom March 8 to 14, 2020. More than 134 min of coverage was devoted to COVID-19-related stories, and 268 unique types of stories were produced. Descriptive statistics suggested that COVID-19 was framed as having a direct impact on U.S. men’s professional sports leagues and the National Collegiate Athletic Association men’s basketball tournament. When considering news format characteristics,SportsCenterproduced its coverage through convenience and relevance to ESPN, not sport. Even during a “breaking news” pandemic,SportsCenterretained its long-standing news process of gender bias and nationalistic favoritism. The visual difficulty of how to “show” coronavirus also presented a production challenge, but the messages and cues embedded in the visuals depicted a rapid shift in discourse that focused on basic reporting without health or global context. Instead,SportsCenteroverwhelmed viewers with how sport was ripped away from (U.S.) American society.