bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudoaneurysm of an intercostal artery: endovascular treatment with PK papyrus coronary stent to prevent spinal ischemia
Authors: Niehoff Julius , Bunck Alexander Christian , Maintz David , Kroeger Jan Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Endovascular treatment can be a fast and safe option in the case of acute, internal bleeding – but it requires special knowledge and technical skills. Interventionalists must consider the anatomy and potential complications. As in this case report, the anterior spinal artery, for example, can be a crucial vessel that must always be considered when embolizing intercostal or lumbar arteries. The risk of spinal ischemia has to be taken into account and should be minimized by choosing the appropriate treatment option.

Case presentation
We report about a 77 year old, male patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding after esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction. A CT scan identified a pseudoaneurysm of an intercostal artery penetrating the gastric conduit as the bleeding source. In the DSA, a direct connection between the intercostal artery and the anterior spinal artery appeared to be likely. Due to the associated risk of spinal ischemia, an embolization of the intercostal artery was not an option. We decided to implant a stentgraft that would stop the perfusion of the pseudoaneurysm, but preserve the perfusion of the intercostal artery. Due to the small diameter of the vessel, we could not implant our commonly used stentgrafts in this case. Therefore, we chose an uncommon solution and used a stentgraft that is designed primarily for coronary arteries.

Conclusions
Whenever intercostal or lumbar arteries need to be embolized, a possible connection to the anterior spinal artery must be considered and interventionalists have to be aware of possible ischemic complications. In this case, a stentgraft designed primarily for coronary arteries offered a good endovascular treatment option for the pseudoaneurysm of an intercostal artery. The risk of spinal ischemia could be minimized by using this stentgraft.
Application of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Bing , Sun Haining , Fu Zhihou , Kang Jian , Yu Xiuchun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
For the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was chosen on the basis of the clinical effects and the rate of prosthesis survival. A retrospective analysis was performed on 500 patients with osteoarthritis of the medial compartment knee treated by unicompartmental knee arthroplasty between April 2007 and April 2017. The cohort was comprised of 176 males and 324 females, aged (61.12 ± 8.0) years old. The clinical treatment was evaluated in terms of the range of movement (ROM), the Knee Society score (KSS), and the Oxford knee score.

Results
The follow-up lasted 1.59–11.60 years. Grouped in terms of age, 133 cases were in the middle-age, 295 were in the old-age group, and 72 in the advanced-age group. Against the Iwano classification of the patellofemoral joint, 104 cases were graded 0–1; 179 were graded 2; 182 were graded 3 and 35 were graded 4. The KSS score improved from (59 ± 5.6) points before the operation to (93 ± 3.5) points after the operation. The OKS score increased from (24 ± 2.4) points before the operation to (45 ± 3.8) points after the operation. The ROM of knee joint was (111 ± 6.8)° before the operation and was (117 ± 9.7)° after the operation. The 10-year survival rate of the prosthesis was 96%.

Conclusion
UKA is one of the treatments for medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis. The issues, such as age and patellofemoral joint degeneration, can be addressed by careful selection of patients and precise operational manipulation.
Fabrication and application of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine biomaterial-based nanocochleates dry powder inhaler for controlled release resveratrol delivery
Authors: Mali A. J. , Joshi P. A. , Bothiraja C. , Pawar A. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundResveratrol, a bioactive phytoconstituent, is used to treat chronic respiratory diseases. However, its clinical application was hampered due to its poor bioavailability. In the present study, controlled release of resveratrol loaded nanocochleate-based dry powder inhaler was investigated to improve its biopharmaceutical properties for pulmonary drug delivery. The in vivo toxicity study was performed in the healthy male albino Wistar rats by intracheal administration.ResultsResveratrol loaded nanocochleate-based dry powder inhaler was prepared by lyophilizing the resveratrol loaded dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine sodium and calcium ion-based nanocochleates using mannitol as cryoprotectant. Resveratrol loaded nanocochleates showed a particle size and encapsulation efficiency of 329.18 ± 9.43 nm and 76.35 ± 3.65%, respectively. Resveratrol loaded nanocochleate-based dry powder exhibited a particle size of 102.21 ± 9.83 μm and satisfactory flowability with initial burst release followed by extended release up to 96 h. The in vitro drug deposition pattern using multistage cascade impactor showed 1.28-fold improvement in fine particle dose, and the in vivo toxicity potential by histopathological study in albino rats revealed safety of formulation.ConclusionsResveratrol loaded nanocochleate-based dry powder inhaler could serve as an efficient delivery system for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases.Graphical abstract
Resilience in the age of COVID-19
Authors: Kaye-Kauderer Halley , Feingold Jordyn H. , Feder Adriana , Southwick Steven , Charney Dennis 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYResilience is broadly defined as the ability to bounce back from adversity or trauma. Recent advances in resilience research have shifted away from merely describing individual characteristics towards focusing on the complex interactions between individuals and their dynamic personal, community and cultural contexts. It is clear that resilience involves both neurobiological and cultural processes. Neurobiological contributions include genes, epigenetics, stress-response systems, the immune system and neural circuitry. Culture helps to elucidate collective systems of belief and accepted positive adaptations. Importantly, resilience can also be affected by evidence-based interventions and deliberate practice on the part of the individual. This review seeks to understand resilience as a complex and active process that is shaped by neurobiological profiles, developmental experiences, cultural and temporal contexts, and practical training. It uses the COVID-19 pandemic as a case example to better understand individual and group responses to tragedy. We suggest practical recommendations to help populations around the world cope and recover from the global threat of COVID-19.
Well-Being of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Providers and Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the New York and New Jersey Epicenter
Authors: Moerdler Scott , Steinberg Dara M. , Jin Zhezhen , Cole Peter D. , Levy Adam S. , Rosenthal Susan L. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the well-being of healthcare workers to varying degrees. The aim of the current study was to investigate how the pandemic has affected the burnout, stress, and emotional well-being of pediatric hematology oncology (PHO) providers and staff in the New York and New Jersey epicenter.METHODS:The study was conducted in June 2020 during the pandemic through an electronic survey. The survey contained questions surrounding demographics, pandemic experiences, and validated burnout, stress, and emotional well-being measures.RESULTS:Two hundred fifty-two PHO providers and staff responded to the survey. Overall, half of the participants reported high levels of burnout, average stress scores were in the mild-moderate range, and the majority scored in the none-to-mild symptomatology range for their well-being. Self-reported burnout levels before the pandemic and geographic work location were statistically significant risk factors for all outcomes. Additional predictors for some outcomes included hospital role, lack of trust in leadership, and deployment. The majority of participants (87.0%) reported that their hospitals had made mental health resources related to COVID-19 available to them but only 8.4% reported having used them.CONCLUSION:PHO providers and staff in the NYC/NJ area are experiencing a range of emotional experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the majority are not using current resources. With the continuation of the pandemic, we must continue efforts to improve provider and staff distress to mitigate the degree of potential negative short-term and long-term impact.
Long-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity
Authors: Kheniser Karim , Saxon David R , Kashyap Sangeeta R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Obesity is a chronic disease that is difficult to manage without holistic therapy. The therapeutic armamentarium for obesity primarily consists of 4 forms of therapy: lifestyle modification (ie, diet and exercise), cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery.

Evidence acquisition
Evidence was consolidated from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses.

Evidence synthesis
After 2 years, lifestyle interventions can facilitate weight loss that equates to ~5%. Even though lifestyle interventions are plagued by weight regain, they can have substantial effects on type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Although 10-year percentage excess weight loss can surpass 50% after bariatric surgery, weight regain is likely. To mitigate weight regain, instituting a multifactorial maintenance program is imperative. Such a program can integrate diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, behavioral therapy can complement a maintenance program well.

Conclusions
Obesity is best managed by a multidisciplinary clinical team that integrates diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Bariatric surgery is needed to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity in select patients.
Mechanosensory neuron regeneration in adult Drosophila
Authors: Fernández-Hernández Ismael , Marsh Evan B. , Bonaguidi Michael A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Auditory and vestibular mechanosensory hair cells do not regenerate following injury or aging in the adult mammalian inner ear, inducing irreversible hearing loss and balance disorders for millions of people. Research on model systems showing replacement of mechanosensory cells can provide mechanistic insights into developing new regenerative therapies. Here, we developed lineage tracing systems to reveal the generation of mechanosensory neurons in the Johnston's organ (JO) of intact adult Drosophila, which are the functional counterparts to hair cells in vertebrates. New JO neurons develop cilia and target central brain circuitry. Unexpectedly, mitotic recombination clones point to JO neuron self-replication as a likely source of neuronal plasticity. This mechanism is further enhanced upon treatment with experimental and ototoxic compounds. Our findings introduce a new platform to expedite research on mechanisms and compounds mediating mechanosensory cell regeneration, with nascent implications for hearing and balance restoration.
Innate immune receptor clustering and its role in immune regulation
Authors: Li Miao , Yu Yan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe discovery of receptor clustering in the activation of adaptive immune cells has revolutionized our understanding of the physical basis of immune signal transduction. In contrast to the extensive studies of adaptive immune cells, particularly T cells, there is a lesser, but emerging, recognition that the formation of receptor clusters is also a key regulatory mechanism in host–pathogen interactions. Many kinds of innate immune receptors have been found to assemble into nano- or micro-sized domains on the surfaces of cells. The clusters formed between diverse categories of innate immune receptors function as a multi-component apparatus for pathogen detection and immune response regulation. Here, we highlight these pioneering efforts and the outstanding questions that remain to be answered regarding this largely under-explored research topic. We provide a critical analysis of the current literature on the clustering of innate immune receptors. Our emphasis is on studies that draw connections between the phenomenon of receptor clustering and its functional role in innate immune regulation.
Magnitude of parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women at health facilities in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wachamo Demelash , Bonja Fisseha , Tadege Bamlaku , Hussen Siraj 
Published: February 2021

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are common problems during pregnancy, with adverse outcomes including low birth weight and prenatal mortality. The burden of parasitic infections and its impacts are high among pregnant women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of parasitic infections. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 randomly selected women attending antenatal clinic at five selected health facilities. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and stool specimens were collected in clean plastic containers. A combination of direct microscopy and the formol-ether concentration technique was used as soon as the specimen collected. Data entry and analysed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of IPI was 161 (45.9%). The most frequently identified parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (27.9%), Schistosoma species (13.7%), Trichuris trichiura (5.1%), Hookworm (4.8%), and Taenia species. (1.4%). The IPIs were associated with women having no formal education [AOR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.05-4.57] or elementary school education [AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.11-3.27], as compared with high school educated and above. Monthly income of less than 1920 Ethiopian birr [AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.28-3.31], sharing a latrine with neighbours [AOR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.14-2.93], using lake water for washing clothes [AOR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.34-3.74], habit of eating raw vegetables [AOR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.30-3.92] were associated with IPI as compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: Nearly half of the pregnant women were infected with IPs. The health facilities and clinicians need to focus on prevention of IPIs by early diagnosis, treating lake water before use, promote proper latrine utilization and provision of pertinent health education as part of ante-natal care service. It is important to minimize the impact of IPIs on pregnant women and their child.
Molecular study of sapovirus in acute gastroenteritis in children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Shrief Raghdaa , Hassan Rasha H. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Sapovirus has emerged as a viral cause of acute gastroenteritis. However, there are insufficient data about the presence of this virus among children with acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 100 children patients with acute gastroenteritis from outpatient clinics with excluded bacterial pathogens and parasitic infestation. A stool sample was collected from each child for laboratory examination. Each stool sample was subjected to study by direct microscopic examination, study for rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and the remaining sample was subjected to RNA extraction and RT- PCR for sapovirus. Results: The most frequently detected virus was rotavirus by ELISA (25%). RT-PCR detected sapovirus in 7% of the stool samples. The children with sapovirus were all from rural regions and presented mainly during the winter season in Egypt (42.9%). The main presenting symptoms were fever (71.4%) and vomiting (57.1%). None of the children with sapovirus had dehydration. Rotavirus was significantly associated with sapovirus infections in 5 patients (71.4%, P=0.01). There was an insignificant difference between symptoms of gastroenteritis in children with sapovirus and children with gastroenteritis without sapovirus as regards vomiting (P=0.7), fever (P=0.46), and abdominal pain (P=0.69). Conclusion: The present study highlights the emergence of sapovirus as a frequent pathogen associated with acute gastroenteritis in children. There is a need for a national survey program for the study of sapovirus among other pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis for better management of such infection.
Mind the (Convergence) Gap: Bond Predictability Strikes Back!
Authors: Berardi Andrea , Markovich Michael , Plazzi Alberto , Tamoni Andrea 
Published: February 2021

We show that the difference between the natural rate of interest and the current level of monetary policy stance, which we label Convergence Gap (CG), contains information that is valuable for bond predictability. Adding CG in forecasting regressions of bond excess returns significantly raises the R2, and restores countercyclical variation in bond risk premia that is otherwise missed by forward rates. Consistent with the argument that CG captures the effect of real imbalances on the path of rates, our factor has predictive ability for real bond excess returns. The importance of the gap remains robust out-of-sample and in countries other than the United States. Furthermore, its inclusion brings significant economic gains in the context of dynamic conditional asset allocation.This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Balance del año y reflexiones finales desde Wallmapu
Authors: Mariman Quemenado Pablo 
Published: February 2021

El escrito aborda dimensiones políticas de las relaciones interétnicas en Wallmapu, prestando atención a los fenómenos de violencia y sus consecuencias mediante prácticas de terrorismo de estado sobre el pueblo mapuche, anteriores y posteriores al estallido social del año 2019. Hace alcances sobre las estrategias políticas del movimiento mapuche en el momento constituyente en proceso y se interroga sobre los escenarios que se pueden abrir (o cerrar) ante un horizonte libre determinista que se vislumbra como superación de una contradicción que opone a una etnoclase que defiende la construcción jurídica del estado-nación, ante pueblos que promueven el "despertar" o "la primavera chilena" tras la propuesta de una asamblea constituyente plurinacional.
Percutaneous Chevron/Akin (PECA) versus open scarf/Akin (SA) osteotomy treatment for hallux valgus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Borges Vinícius Quadros , Moraes Leonardo Vinícius de Matos , Stéfani Kelly Cristina 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The objective of the study is to compare the radiographic and clinical results of two techniques for the treatment of hallux valgus that have the same indication, the open scarf/Akin (SA) technique and the percutaneous Chevron/Akin (PECA).

Methods
A meta-analysis was performed with the studies found during a systematic review of articles included in electronic databases until 30 May 2020. The pooled analysis was summarized according to clinical outcomes, such as visual analog pain scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, radiographic outcomes and complications, with a 95% confidence interval.

Results
Three studies comparing the open scarf/Akin (SA) versus the PECA techniques were added to the analysis, corresponding to 235 feet, 102 in the PECA group and 133 in the SA. The final mean difference in the hallux valgus angle was 0.80 degrees and in the intermetatarsal angle 0.53, in the last radiographic evaluation. In the AOFAS score, the final mean difference was 4.97 points and in the VAS 0.14 in relation to the last clinical evaluation. Exposure to radiation during the surgical procedure was higher in the PECA group with a mean of 35.53 seconds.

Conclusions
The PECA surgical technique for the treatment of hallux valgus when compared with SA demonstrated similar radiographic correction, pain and function after six months of follow-up but with a longer radiation exposure time.

Register of systematic review (PROSPERO)
CRD42018096613.
Effect of nicotine exposure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A meta-analysis based on animal studies
Authors: Jyothish Sanjay , Athanasiou Athanasios E. , Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A. , Kaklamanos Eleftherios G. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundNicotine exposure has been reported to modify bone cell function and the osseous metabolism with potential effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.ObjectivesTo systematically investigate and quantitively synthesize the most recent available evidence from animal studies regarding the effect of nicotine exposure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Search methodsUnrestricted searches in 7 databases and hand searching were performed until July 2020 (PubMed, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Arab World Research Source, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global).Selection criteriaWe searched for controlled studies on healthy animals investigating the effect of nicotine on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Data collection and analysisFollowing study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool. Exploratory synthesis and meta-regression were carried out using the random effects model.ResultsFrom the initially identified records, 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and no specific concerns regarding bias were identified. Quantitative data synthesis showed that the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in the nicotine exposed rats was higher than in the control group animals (2 weeks of force application; 0.317 mm more movement in nicotine exposed rats; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.179–0.454; p = 0.000). No effect of the concentration or the duration force application was demonstrated following exploratory meta-regression.ConclusionRats administered with nicotine showed accelerated rates of orthodontic tooth movement. Although, information from animal studies cannot be fully translated to human clinical scenarios, safe practice would suggest that the orthodontist should be able to identify patients exposed to nicotine and consider the possible implications for everyday clinical practice.
Determinants of dentists’ readiness to assess HPV risk and recommend immunization: A transtheoretical model of change-based cross-sectional study of Ontario dentists
Authors: Aldossri Musfer , Okoronkwo Chimere , Dodd Virginia , Manson Heather , Singhal Sonica 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
To evaluate dentists’ readiness to assess the history of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections and recommend immunization among their patients.

Materials and methods
A link to a self-administered questionnaire was emailed to Ontario dentists. Dentists’ readiness and its determinants were assessed based on Transtheoretical Model’s ‘stages’ and ‘processes’ of change, respectively. Based on their current practices, dentists were either assigned to ‘pre-action’ or ‘action+’ stages.

Results
Of the 9,975 dentists contacted, 932 completed the survey; 51.9% participants were in action stage to assess the history of HPV infections and 20.5% to recommend immunization. Internationally-trained and those whose office’s physical layout was not a concern to discuss patients’ sexual history were more likely to assess the history. Dentists with higher knowledge about HPV vaccines, not concerned about the HPV vaccine safety, comfortable discussing sex-related topics with patients, or willing to exceed their scope of practice were more ready to recommend HPV immunization to their patients.

Conclusion
Improving Ontario dentists’ knowledge and communication skills and changing their self-perceived role regarding HPV infections and vaccination can increase their capacity to minimize the burden of HPV infections.