bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting persistence of hallucinations from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Steenkamp Lisa R. , Tiemeier Henning , Blanken Laura M. E. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Kushner Steven A. , Bolhuis Koen 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundPsychotic experiences predict adverse health outcomes, particularly if they are persistent. However, it is unclear what distinguishes persistent from transient psychotic experiences.AimsIn a large population-based cohort, we aimed to (a) describe the course of hallucinatory experiences from childhood to adolescence, (b) compare characteristics of youth with persistent and remittent hallucinatory experiences, and (c) examine prediction models for persistence.MethodYouth were assessed longitudinally for hallucinatory experiences at mean ages of 10 and 14 years (n = 3473). Multi-informant-rated mental health problems, stressful life events, self-esteem, non-verbal IQ and parental psychopathology were examined in relation to absent, persistent, remittent and incident hallucinatory experiences. We evaluated two prediction models for persistence with logistic regression and assessed discrimination using the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe persistence rate of hallucinatory experiences was 20.5%. Adolescents with persistent hallucinatory experiences had higher baseline levels of hallucinatory experiences, emotional and behavioural problems, as well as lower self-esteem and non-verbal IQ scores than youth with remittent hallucinatory experiences. Although the prediction model for persistence versus absence of hallucinatory experiences demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (AUC-corrected = 0.80), the prediction model for persistence versus remittance demonstrated poor accuracy (AUC-corrected = 0.61).ConclusionsThis study provides support for the dynamic expression of childhood hallucinatory experiences and suggests increased neurodevelopmental vulnerability in youth with persistent hallucinatory experiences. Despite the inclusion of a wide array of psychosocial parameters, a prediction model discriminated poorly between youth with persistent versus remittent hallucinatory experiences, confirming that persistent hallucinatory experiences are a complex multifactorial trait.
Krüppel-like factor gene function in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi assessed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing
Authors: Presnell Jason S. , Browne William E. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The Krüppel-like factor (Klf) gene family encodes transcription factors that play an important role in the regulation of stem cell proliferation, cell differentiation and development in bilaterians. Although Klf genes have been shown to specify functionally various cell types in non-bilaterian animals, their role in early-diverging animal lineages has not been assessed. Thus, the ancestral activity of these transcription factors in animal development is not well understood. The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi has emerged as an important non-bilaterian model system for understanding early animal evolution. Here, we characterize the expression and functional role of Klf genes during M. leidyi embryogenesis. Zygotic Klf gene function was assessed with both CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and splice-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown approaches. Abrogation of zygotic Klf expression during M. leidyi embryogenesis resulted in abnormal development of several organs, including the pharynx, tentacle bulbs and apical organ. Our data suggest an ancient role for Klf genes in regulating endodermal patterning, possibly through regulation of cell proliferation.
Engaging new audiences with imaging and microscopy
Authors: Barresi Michael J. , Coen Enrico , Kugler Elisabeth , Shuda Jamie , Sung Derek C. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In this Spotlight, we hear first-hand accounts from five scientists and educators who use microscopy and imaging to engage, entertain, educate and inspire new audiences with science and the field of developmental biology in particular. The ‘voices’ that follow each convey each authors' own personal take on why microscopy is such a powerful tool for capturing the minds, and the hearts, of scientists, students and the public alike. They discuss how microscopy and imaging can reveal new worlds, and improve our communication and understanding of developmental biology, as well as break down barriers and promote diversity for future generations of scientific researchers.
Moral Universalism: Measurement and Economic Relevance
Authors: Enke Benjamin , Rodríguez-Padilla Ricardo , Zimmermann Florian 
Published: August 2021

Many applied economic settings involve trade-offs between in-group members and strangers. To better understand decision making in these contexts, this paper measures and investigates the economic relevance of heterogeneity in moral universalism: the extent to which people exhibit the same level of altruism and trust toward strangers as toward in-group members. We first introduce a new experimentally validated, survey-based measure of moral universalism that is simple and easily scalable. We then deploy this tool in a large, representative sample of the U.S. population to study heterogeneity and economic relevance. We find that universalism is a relatively stable trait at the individual level. In exploratory analyses, heterogeneity in universalism is significantly related to observables: Older people, men, the rich, the rural, and the religious exhibit less universalist preferences and beliefs. Linking variation in universalism to self-reports of economic and social behaviors, we document the following correlations. Universalists donate less money locally, but more globally, and are less likely to exhibit home bias in equity and educational investments. In terms of social networks, universalists have fewer friends, spend less time with them, and feel more lonely. These results provide a blueprint for measuring moral universalism in applied settings and suggest that variation in universalism is relevant for understanding a myriad of economic behaviors. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
KONSTRUKSI PENAFSIRAN YUNAHAR ILYAS (Studi Buku Kisah Para Rasul Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematis)
Authors: Insan N.A. Afifatur Rasyidah , Chirzin Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

Pemahaman terhadap konstruksi penafsiran merupakan hal penting dalam membantu memahami penafsiran al-Qur’an dari karya seseorang, serta memahami pesan-pesan al-Qur’an. Demikian pula pemahaman terhadap konstruksi penafsiran sangat penting dalam memahami kisah-kisah dalam al-Qur’an, agar manusia mendapatkan hikmah dan pesan moral usai melakukan perenungan terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa yang dikisahkan. Kisah Para Rasul Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematis merupakan karya Yunahar Ilyas, yakni salah seorang cendekiawan muslim dan sosok muballigh-intelektual. Konstruksi penafsiran Yunahar Ilyas terdiri dari aspek yang meliputi metode penafsiran dan langkah-langkah penafsiran. Metode penafsiran yang diterapkan Yunahar Ilyas adalah metode mauḍū‘i dengan pendekatan hermeneutika. Buku Kisah Para Rasul Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematis memiliki relevansi dengan konteks kekinian, yaitu memiliki kontribusi dalam keilmuan tafsir, nilai pendidikan, dan sebagai dakwah bagi masyarakat. Kelebihan dari tafsir tematis ini adalah cukup informatif, ringkas, bahasanya mudah dipahami, dan memiliki sumber-sumber yang jelas. Kekurangannya adalah tidak sering membahas sastra, kurangnya korelasi dengan pengetahuan ilmiah, dan pada kisah Nabi Muhammad saw. pembahasannya belum tuntas.
sobre partos y nacimientos: derivas ético-políticas de la figura del “maestro-partero” en filosofía con/para niñxs.
Authors: Macias Julian 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, I endeavor to evaluate the ethical-political consequences of the metaphor of "teacher-midwife" awarded to Plato’s Socrates in Theaetetus and its use by different scholars to describe the role of teacher in a Philosophy with/for children (Pf/wC) context. The paper is divided into three sections: first (1) an approach is made to the figure of Socrates in Meno, to the critique of his method as expressed by Jacques Rancière in The Ignorant Schoolmaster, and to the echoing of that critique by Walter Kohan in his evaluation of the pedagogy of Pf/wC. Next, (2) different descriptions of the teacher’s role in Pf/wC are reviewed, emphasizing the elements that emphasize the Socratic figure. For Matthew Lipman, one of the keys to turning classrooms into communities of philosophical inquiry was to substantially modify the teaching role. Because, on Lipman’s account, the teacher should not teach in the traditional sense, different metaphors have been sought to describe her role. In section (3), I argue that a description of the teacher as "guide" can be applied to many features that characterize Socrates. I analyze in depth the metaphor of the "teacher-midwife" establishing the links with those developed in (1) and (2). Emphasis is placed on the ethical-political consequences of equating the teacher with a "teacher-midwife", especially if we take into account Plato's complete description of pedagogical maiusis in Theaetetus, and the centrality of the metaphor in Pf/wC pedagogical practice. Finally, I consider the very different image of the “birth” metaphor that is suggested by Hannah Arendt’s concept of “natality,” and explore its implications for a pedagogical alternative to the Socratic.
Should we routinely prescribe proton pump inhibitors peri-operatively in elderly patients with hip fractures? A review of the literature
Authors: Chuene Mabua A. , Pietrzak Jurek R.T. , Sekeitto Allan R. , Mokete Lipalo 
Published: August 2021

Elderly hip fracture patients are at risk of stress-related gastric mucosal damage, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the underrecognized but devastating complications. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) offer effective prophylaxis against stress-related gastric mucosal damage. Systematic analysis of the literature revealed numerous articles on PPIs and hip fractures, but only three articles dedicated to the analysis of prophylactic use of PPIs in patients with a hip fracture. There is significant reduction in upper gastrointestinal bleeding following PPI prophylaxis and reduced 90-day mortality in elderly hip fracture patients on prophylaxis. PPIs are generally safe, cost-effective and based on available evidence. Their prophylactic use is justifiable in elderly patients with hip fractures. We suggest that PPIs be prescribed routinely peri-operatively in elderly hip fracture patients. Further level-one studies on the subject will allow for firmer recommendations.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:686-691. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200053
Posterolateral corner knee injuries: a narrative review
Authors: Figueroa Francisco , Figueroa David , Putnis Sven , Guiloff Rodrigo , Caro Patricio , Espregueira-Mendes João 
Published: August 2021

Limited knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee, coupled with poor patient outcomes with non-operative management, resulted in the PLC often being labelled as the ‘dark side’ of the knee. In the last two decades, extensive research has resulted in a better understanding of the anatomy and function of the PLC, and has led to the development of anatomic reconstructions that have resulted in improved patient outcomes. Despite considerable attention in the clinical orthopaedic literature (nearly 400 articles published in the last decade), a standardized algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of the PLC is still lacking, and much controversy remains. Considering the literature review, there is not a reconstruction technique that clearly prevails over the others. As anatomic, biomechanical, and clinical knowledge of PLC injuries continues to progress, finding the balance between re-creating native anatomy and safely performing PLC reconstruction provides a big challenge. Treatment decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:676-685. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200096
Growth modulation with tension-band plates for the correction of paediatric lower limb angular deformity: current concepts and indications for a rational use
Authors: Masquijo J. Javier , Artigas Cristian , de Pablos Julio 
Published: August 2021

Growth modulation (GM) with tension-band plates (TBPs) by tethering part of the growth plate is an established technique for the correction of angular deformities in children, and it has increasingly supplanted more invasive osteotomies. Growth modulation with TBPs is a safe and effective method to correct a variety of deformities in skeletally immature patients with idiopathic and pathological physes. The most common indication is a persistent deformity in the coronal plane of the knee exceeding 10°, with anterior and/or lateral joint pain, patellofemoral instability, gait disturbance, or cosmetic concerns. GM has also shown good results in patients with fixed flexion deformity of the knee and ankle valgus. This paper reviews the history of the procedure, current indications, and recent advances underlying physeal manipulation with TBPs. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:658-668. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200098
Giant cell tumour of bone around the knee: a systematic review of the functional and oncological outcomes
Authors: Soares do Brito Joaquim , Spranger André , Almeida Paulo , Portela José , Barrientos-Ruiz Irene 
Published: August 2021

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) is a relatively rare, locally aggressive benign neoplasm observed in the long bone epiphyseal-metaphyseal regions of young adults. The optimal treatment strategy for these tumours remains controversial, and a huge amount of contradictory data regarding the functional and oncological outcomes can be found. Therefore, we performed a systematic review intended to investigate the functional and oncological outcomes after surgical treatment of GCTs arising around the knee, namely in the distal femur and proximal tibia. A trend towards better oncological control was found using wide resections, nonetheless, curettage-based techniques achieve a highly acceptable recurrence rate with overall better knee function. A slight advantage favouring proximal tibia GCTs regarding the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was also observed. Prospective studies comparing groups of more homogeneous patients, tumours, and treatment options should be developed to obtain more conclusive and definitive results regarding the optimal strategy for treating GCTs.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:641-650. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200154
Passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with a lead zirconate titanate saturable absorber
Authors: Li Shuangcheng , Li Linjun , Qi Tianqi , Wu Zhengyang , Duan Xiaoming , Yang Xining , Shen Yingjie 
Published: August 2021

In the paper, we prepare a lead zirconate titanate saturable absorber, which is used to demonstrate a passively

Q

-switched (PQS) Tm:YAP laser. In the PQS mode, an average output power of 0.81 W and pulse width of 1.69 µs at 175 kHz are obtained at 1991.9 nm with a pump power of 12.76 W, corresponding to an optical–optical conversion efficiency of 6.35%. In addition, the beam quality factors

M
2

of the PQS Tm:YAP laser in the

x

and

y

directions are 1.17 and 1.15, respectively.
Tm:YAG single-crystal fiber laser
Authors: Liu Jian , Dong Jifei , Wang Yinyin , Guo Jun , Xue Yanyan , Xu Jun , Zhao Yongguang , Xu Xiaodong , Yu Haohai , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang , Chen Weidong , Petrov Valentin 
Published: August 2021

In this Letter, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first thulium (Tm) single-crystal fiber (SCF) laser with free-space propagation of the laser beam only. The SCF is equipped with diffusion-bonded end caps of undoped YAG for better thermal management and enhancement of pump guiding. By utilizing mode matching and pump guiding in different SCF parts, an output power of 9.1 W is achieved at∼2.02µmwith a slope efficiency of 49.4%. This straightforward approach, which is also simple to realize and is based on combining the advantages of fiber-geometry structure and crystalline properties of Tm:YAG, is expected to be useful for 2 µm amplification stages in different time formats as well.
Thermal blooming induced phase change and its compensation of a Gaussian beam propagation in an absorbing medium
Authors: Lu Lu , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Pengfei , Qiao Chunhong , Cai Yangjian 
Published: August 2021

A high-power laser beam propagating in an absorbing medium, thermal blooming causes phase distortion, which is severe for the beam quality. In this Letter, a feasible approach for obtaining the phase change induced by thermal blooming is proposed. In addition, based on the aforementioned phase change, an alternative solution of phase compensation near the receiver is provided, which may enrich the previous compensation method (i.e., using an adaptive optics system near the beam transmitter). These findings may have potential applications in optical communication, astronomical imaging, and related areas.
Length of stay following percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion: Data from the prospective, multicenter Amplatzer Amulet Occluder Observational Study
Authors: Piayda Kerstin , Afzal Shazia , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Schmidt Boris , Mazzone Patrizio , Berti Sergio , Fischer Sven , Lund Juha , Montorfano Matteo , Hildick-Smith David , Gage Ryan , Zhao Hong , Zeus Tobias 
Published: August 2021

Aims
To evaluate factors influencing the length of stay in patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO).

Methods and results
Patient characteristics, procedural data and the occurrence of serious adverse events were analyzed from the AmplatzerTM AmuletTM Occluder Observational Study. Patients were divided into three groups: same day (S, 0day, n = 60, 5.6%) early (E, 1day, n = 526, 48.9%), regular (R, 2-3days, n = 338, 31.4%) and late (L, ≥4days, n = 152, 14.1%) discharge and followed up for 60 days. Procedure and device related SAE during the in-hospital stay (S: 0.0% vs. E: 1.0% vs. R: 2.1% vs. L: 23%, p<0.0001) were a major trigger for a prolonged in-hospital stay. Of the 37 subjects in the late discharge group with an SAE prior to discharge, cardiac or bleeding complications were the most common underlying conditions, occurring in 26 subjects. Multinomial logistic analysis only identified HAS-BLED score as an independent influencing factor (p = 0.04) for a late discharge. After 60 days, mortality tended to be greatest in the late discharge group (S: 0.0% vs. E: 1.0% vs. R: 1.2% vs. L: 3.3%, p = 0.1066).

Conclusion
Over half of the subjects receiving an Amplatzer Amulet occluder were discharged within 1 day of the implant procedure. Serious adverse events were a major trigger for a late discharge after LAAO. Increased HAS-BLED score was associated with a prolonged in-hospital stay.
Knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control and associated factors among undergraduate health professional students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
Authors: Nalunkuma Racheal , Nkalubo Jonathan , Abila Derrick Bary 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
To practice adequate Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures, health professional students need to have adequate knowledge of IPC. In this study, we assessed the knowledge of health professional students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences on Infection Prevention and Control.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among health professional students studying at Makerere University College of Health Sciences located in Kampala, Uganda. An adapted questionnaire was used to measure knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control among students.

Results
A total of 202 health professional students were included in the study. The mean age was 24.43 years. Majority were male 63.37% (n = 128), from the school of medicine 70.79% (n = 143) and used one source of information for IPC 49.50% (n = 100). Being in year three (Adjusted coefficient, 6.08; 95% CI, 2.04–10.13; p-value = 0.003), year four (Adjusted coefficient, 10.87; 95% CI, 6.91–14.84; p < 0.001) and year five (Adjusted coefficient, 8.61; 95% CI, 4.45–12.78; p < 0.001) were associated with a higher mean in total percentage score of knowledge on IPC compared to being in year one.

Conclusion
IPC knowledge was good among health professional students in Makerere University although more emphasis is needed to improve on their IPC knowledge in various sections like hand hygiene. Infection Prevention and Control courses can be taught to these students starting from their first year of university education.
Pacific Women in Politics: Gender Quota Campaigns in the Pacific Islands, Kerryn Baker (2019)
Authors: Wilson John F. 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Pacific Women in Politics: Gender Quota Campaigns in the Pacific Islands, Kerryn Baker (2019)
Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 199 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 82487 259 5 (hbk), US$68
The Braided River: Migration and the Personal Essay, Diane Comer (2019)
Authors: Yiannoutsos Vicky 
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Braided River: Migration and the Personal Essay, Diane Comer (2019)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 304 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 98853 153 3 (pbk), NZ$35
Te Papa: Reinventing New Zealand’s National Museum 1998–2018, Conal McCarthy (2018)
Authors: Thode-Arora Hilke 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Te Papa: Reinventing New Zealand’s National Museum 1998–2018, Conal McCarthy (2018)
Wellington: Te Papa Press, 256 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 99413 626 8 (pbk), NZ$44.99
Post Marks: The Way We Were – Early New Zealand Postcards, 1897–1922, Leo Haks, Colleen Dallimore and Alan Jackson (2015)
Authors: Mückler Hermann 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Post Marks: The Way We Were – Early New Zealand Postcards, 1897–1922, Leo Haks, Colleen Dallimore and Alan Jackson (2015)
Auckland: Kowhai Media, 327 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 98765 466 3 (hbk), NZ$69.99
Defective insulin maturation in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang Yumeng , Zhen Jinyang , Liu Tengli , Wang Jianyu , Li Na , Yang Jing , Liang Rui , Wang Shusen , Liu Ming 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Progressive beta-cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Increasing evidence indicates that over-stimulating proinsulin synthesis causes proinsulin misfolding and impairs insulin maturation and storage in db/db mice. However, defective insulin maturation in patients with T2D remains unknown.

Methods
We examined intra-islet and intra-cellular distributions of proinsulin and insulin and proinsulin to insulin ratio in the islets of patients with T2D. The expression of transcription factor NKX6.1 and dedifferentiation marker ALDH1A3, as well as glucagon, were detected by immunofluorescence.

Results
We identified a novel subgroup of beta cells expressing only proinsulin but not insulin. Importantly, significantly increased proinsulin positive and insulin negative (PI+/INS−) cells were evident in T2D, and this increase was strongly correlated with levels of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in T2D and prediabetes. The percentages of beta cells expressing prohormone convertase 1/3 and carboxypeptidase E were not reduced. Indeed, while proinsulin displayed a higher degree of co-localization with the golgi markers GM130/TGN46 in control beta cells, it appeared to be more diffused within the cytoplasm and less co-localized with GM130/TGN46 in PI+/INS− cells. Furthermore, the key functional transcription factor NKX6.1 markedly decreased in the islets of T2D, especially in the cells with PI+/INS−. The decreased NKX6.1+/PI+/INS+ was strongly correlated with levels of HbA1c in T2D. Almost all PI+/INS− cells showed absence of NKX6.1. Moreover, the percentages of PI+/INS− cells expressing ALDH1A3 were elevated along with an increased acquisition of glucagon immunostaining.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrate defective insulin maturation in patients with T2D.