bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current opportunities and prospects of confocal laser scanning microscopy in morphological research (review)
Authors: Dorofienko N. N. , Аndrievskaya I. А. , Udovichenko О. A. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction.The review discloses the results of scientific works related to a modern high-tech method for conducting morphological studies in biology and medicine – confocal laser scanning microscopy. This method, in combination with immunofluorescence histochemistry, can be used in a variety of studies: from rapid visualization of dynamic processes in living cells to thorough morphological analysis of tissues, spatial distribution of macromolecules in fixed or living cells, automatic collection of three-dimensional data, visualization of several labeled samples and measurement of physiological processes in living cells and tissues of organs.Aim.To determine the current possibilities and prospects of confocal laser scanning microscopy in morphological studies.Results.When analyzing scientific literature data, the opportunities and prospects of using confocal laser scanning microscopy in biomedical and morphological studies are presented. The use of the confocal diagnostic method in gynecology, molecular biology, endocrinology, endoscopy is shown. Particular attention is paid to the application of this research method in embryology. In addition, information about the role of confocal microscopy in the study of microbial pathogenesis in a three-dimensional context is provided. Data on the history, basic principles, technical innovations and advantages of confocal laser scanning microscopy are presented.Conclusion.The study of modern scientific literature has shown the importance of using confocal laser scanning microscopy in modern scientific research and diagnosis of diseases in a clinical setting, which will allow to take a new look at some aspects in modern morphology and medicine.
Comprehensive approach to the tuberculosis indicators assessment of the children population in the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Golubova T. N. , Ovsannikova N. M. , Makhamova Z. R. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Childhood tuberculosis (TB) control is relevant due to the peculiarities of its course in this age group, and the TB incidence in children is an important prognostic epidemiological indicator.Aim. Use of multivariate statistical analysis to estimate and predict childhood TB indicators in the Republic of Crimea (RC).Materials and methods. The official TB statistics in the Republic of Crimea for 2014-2018 are used. The calculated means of the indicators are checked for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Pearson correlation analysis is applied to determine pair correlation relationships. Stepwise multiple regression analysis is carried out to determine group conditionality of the indicators, where coefficients, with which significant pairwise correlations are found, are selected as independent variables. Based on the results, multiple regression equations are made to predict the values of dependent variables. The data is processed using Statistica 10.0 software.Results. For childhood TB incidence, strong direct correlations are established with the incidence and prevalence of pulmonary TB among children. The paired correlation coefficient between the incidence of childhood TB and childhood lung TB and the detection of active TB patients in preventive examinations of children varied in the range of 0.63-0.72. For the prevalence of TB among children, strong direct correlations were found with the incidence of TB and pulmonary TB in children. Multiple correlation coefficients for the incidence and prevalence of childhood TB exceeded the values of paired correlation coefficients and were in the range of 0.93 to 0.98 (p<0.001), indicating greater significance of group conditionality of the indicators. Determination coefficients R2 were between 0.87 and 0.96. Multiple regression models were built for the childhood TB incidence, childhood lung TB incidence, childhood TB prevalence, childhood lung TB prevalence.Conclusion. The found strong direct pairwise correlations for childhood TB incidence and prevalence and childhood pulmonary TB incidence and prevalence can serve as prognostic criteria and reflect the quality of antituberculosis interventions. High values of paired correlation coefficient between childhood TB incidence and childhood pulmonary TB and detection of patients with active TB in preventive examinations of children are a criterion of quality of both TB services and primary care, which can prevent the spread of TB and improve the epidemic situation of TB in Crimea. The calculated multiple regression models for the studied indicators can serve the needs of practical forecasting in Healthcare.
Intrauterine infection verification in neonatal mortality
Authors: Ostrovskaya O. V. , Nagovitsyna E. B. , Vlasova M. A. 
Published: September 2021

Aim.To verify contribution of intrauterine infections to early neonatal mortality, using autopsy and molecular genetic findings.Materials and methods.The study was carried out at the premises of the Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection and the Pathology Department of the Khabarovsk Perinatal Center. An analysis was made of the data on medical history, pregnancy course and outcome, morphological placental study in seven cases of early neonatal death. Genomes of Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma species (Ureaplasma urealyticum + Ureaplasma parvum), Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Human herpesvirus type 4, and Human herpesvirus type 6 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in samples of placental tissue.Results.Samples of six out of seven placentas (85.7%) in early neonatal death cases were found to present with genomes of opportunistic microorganisms, which are part of biocenosis of the woman’s urogenital tract and enter the placenta and the fetus by an ascending pathway (S. agalactiae, Ureaplasma spp., M. hominis), as well as genomes of opportunistic herpesviruses (Cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus type 6), which constantly persist and reproduce in human lymphocytes and are transmitted mainly by a transplacental route. Infectious and inflammatory changes in placenta and membranes resulting in respiratory disorders, fetal hypoxia and asphyxia were found in all cases of opportunistic pathogen detection.Conclusion.This is indicative of the ability of the said opportunistic organisms to contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal death. Contribution of intrauterine infections to early neonatal death cases is made up of both congenital neonatal infection cases and cases of infectious and inflammatory processes in placenta and membranes leading to respiratory distress, the immediate cause of death.
The role of α-tocopherol and ɷ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in miscarriage at early stages of pregnancy with cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Ishutina N. A. , Andrievskaya I. А. , Dovzhikova I. V. , Dorofienko N. N. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. It is now generally acknowledged that cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) is one of the main causes of miscarriage. However, the mechanism of this effect has not been sufficiently studied. At the same time, the influence of acids of the ɷ-3 family and α-tocopherol (αTP) on the placentation process through a pro-angiogenic action is shown.Aim. To study the concentration of αTP and ɷ-3 family acids in the peripheral blood and establish their role in miscarriage in CMV-seropositive women with CMVI reactivation.Materials and methods. A case-control study included 64 women in the first trimester of pregnancy (7-10 weeks), of which 36 were CMV-seropositive with CMVI reactivation (main group) and 28 were CMV-seronegative (control group). CMVI was diagnosed by the determination of class M and G antibodies by ELISA, as well as CMV DNA detected by PCR. The concentration of ɷ-3 acids of the family (eicosapentaenoic – EPA, docosahexaenoic – DHA) in blood serum was studied by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (J.P.Carreau, J.P.Dubacq). The αTP concentration was determined by the fluorometric method (L.G.Hansen, W.I.Warwich).Results. In women of the main group, a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the concentration of αTP to 1.32±0.025 μg/mL was observed in the peripheral blood compared to the same indicator in the control group (1.49±0.029 μg/mL). At the same time, the levels of EPA and DHA were also statistically significant (p<0.001) lower than the same indicator in the control group and amounted to 1.09±0.012 and 6.09±0.015%, respectively (in the control, 1.29±0.071 and 8.80±0.071%, respectively). Conclusion. The obtained results of the study allow us to establish the important role of disorders in the content of α-TF, EPA and DHA in the pathogenesis of miscarriage during reactivation of CMVI in the early periods of gestation, which can serve as a basis for expanding diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this pathology of pregnant women.
Formation of a Solar Filament by Magnetic Reconnection and Coronal Condensation
Authors: Li Leping , Peter Hardi , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Song Hongqiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In solar filament formation mechanisms, magnetic reconnection between two sets of sheared arcades forms helical structures of the filament with numerous magnetic dips, and cooling and condensation of plasma trapped inside the helical structures supply mass to the filament. Although each of these processes, namely, magnetic reconnection and coronal condensation have been separately reported, observations that show the whole process of filament formation are rare. In this Letter, we present the formation of a sigmoid via reconnection between two sets of coronal loops, and the subsequent formation of a filament through cooling and condensation of plasma inside the newly formed sigmoid. On 2014 August 27, a set of loops in the active region 12151 reconnected with another set of loops that are located to the east. A longer twisted sigmoidal structure and a set of shorter lower-lying loops then formed. The observations coincide well with the tether-cutting model. The newly formed sigmoid remains stable and does not erupt as a coronal mass ejection. From the eastern endpoint, signatures of injection of material into the sigmoid (as brightenings) are detected, which closely outline the features of increasing emission measure at these locations. This may indicate the chromospheric evaporation caused by reconnection, supplying heated plasma into the sigmoid. In the sigmoid, thermal instability occurs, and rapid cooling and condensation of plasma take place, forming a filament. The condensations then flow bidirectionally to the filament endpoints. Our results provide a clear observational evidence of the filament formation via magnetic reconnection and coronal condensation.
Influence of Heliolatitudinal Anisotropy of Solar FUV/EUV Emissions on Lyα Helioglow: SOHO/SWAN Observations and WawHelioGlow Modeling
Authors: Strumik M. , Bzowski M. , Kubiak M. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Observations of the Sun’s surface suggest a nonuniform radiated flux as related to the presence of bright active regions and darker coronal holes. The variations of the FUV/EUV source radiation can be expected to affect the Lyα backscatter glow measured by spaceborne instruments. In particular, inferring the heliolatitudinal structure of the solar wind from helioglow variations in the sky can be quite challenging if the heliolatitudinal structure of the solar FUV/EUV radiation is not properly included in the modeling of the heliospheric glow. We present results of analysis of the heliolatitudinal structure of the solar Lyα radiation as inferred from comparison of SOHO/SWAN satellite observations of the helioglow intensity with modeling results obtained from the recently developed WawHelioGlow model. We find that in addition to time-dependent heliolatitudinal anisotropy of the solar wind, time-dependent heliolatitudinal variations of the intensity of the solar Lyα and photoionizing emissions also must be taken into account to reproduce the observed helioglow modulation in the sky. We present a particular latitudinal and temporal dependence of the solar Lyα flux obtained as a result of our analysis. We also analyze differences between polar-equatorial anisotropies close to the solar surface and seen by an observer located far from the Sun. We discuss the implications of these findings for the interpretation of heliospheric-glow observations.
Association between Stroke and Carotid Artery Blood Block Interval in Trans-Carotid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Yang Li-Fan , Pan Wen-Zhi , Guan Li-Hua , Zhang Xiao-Chun , Zhang Lei , Chen Sha-Sha , Zhou Da-Xin , Ge Jun-Bo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
Patients undergoing trans-carotid transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TC-TAVR) are more likely to suffer from a stroke because of cerebral blood hypoperfusion and blood occlusion caused by the introducer sheath compared with the trans-femoral (TF) approach. The present study aimed to compare the incidence of stroke between the TC and TF approaches and explore the causes of stroke after TAVR.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 414 consecutive patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent TC- or TF-TAVR at our center from October 2010 to November 2019; these patients were included in this observational study. The clinical data, such as the incidence of stroke, were compared between TC- and TF-TAVR patients. The correlation between carotid artery blood block interval (CABBI) and neurological events was also analyzed. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (approval No. YL2014-32).

Results:
Patients undergoing TC-TAVR had a significantly higher incidence of stroke than those undergoing TF-TAVR (12.5% vs. 0, P < 0.001), whereas the baseline data and the incidence of other complications did not differ significantly between the patients undergoing TC- and TF-TAVR (P > 0.05). Moreover, in TC-TAVR patients, the average CABBI of stroke was significantly longer than that of nonstroke patients (61.7 ± 20.7 min vs. 25.1 ± 1.6 min, P = 0.001). The number of patients with CABBI >30 min in the stroke group was greater than that in the nonstroke group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In the absence of the cerebral and carotid artery evaluation before TAVR, surgeons should take into consideration the time of CABBI <30 min to avoid the possibility of stroke.
Apical debris extrusion of single-file systems in curved canals
Authors: Hazar Ecehan , Özdemir Olcay , Koçak Mustafa Murat , Sağlam Baran Can , Koçak Sibel 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the apical debris extrusion after using three different single-file systems.

Materials and Methods:
Mesial roots with curved canals of extracted mandibular molar teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to preparation techniques: the XP-endo Shaper, WaveOne Gold, and One Curve. Previously weighed Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the debris which was placed in a 35°C hot water bath. The weight of the empty tube was subtracted from the final weight after instrumentation and recorded as the amount of extruded debris. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test at a 5% level of significance and compared all groups.

Results:
XP-endo Shaper presented less debris extrusion than WaveOne Gold and One Curve (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the WaveOne Gold and the One Curve files (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
All the tested file systems caused debris extrusion. XP-endo Shaper caused less debris extrusion than WaveOne Gold and One Curve files.
Distribution and relation of arousal to ejaculatory latency time, erection to ejaculation latency time, and intravaginal ejaculation latency time in Indian men
Authors: Jhanwar Shubham , Rohilla Jitendra 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Arousal to ejaculation latency time interval (AETI) and erection to ejaculation latency time interval (EETI) are new tools used to measure ejaculatory latency time (ET). Unlike intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), they are applicable for sexual activities other than penovaginal intercourse and do not require penetration. We assessed the distribution and relation between AETI, EETI, and IELT in Indian men.

Methods:
Voluntary participation was sought to recruit subjects reporting premature ejaculation (PE) and normal ejaculation. Those able to record the ETs correctly were then asked to record their ETs for two subsequent sexual events.

Results:
A total of 26 subjects (13 – normal and 13 – PE) were able to complete the study. The mean age of the participants was 29.85 ± 4.8 years, with no difference seen between the two groups. The mean AETI, EETI, and IELT were 817 ± 592.016 s, 726 ± 566.346 s, and 582 ± 450.859 s, respectively, in normal subjects. PE subjects had significantly lesser mean ETs, AETI 80.62 ± 24.74 s, EETI 53.46 ± 25.441 s, and IELT 21 ± 14.785 s. Regression analysis found that 131.67 s of AETI and 99.58 s of EETI were equivalent to 60 s of IELT.

Conclusions:
AETI and EETI have positively skewed distribution similar to IELT. Premature ejaculators had less difference between AETI and EETI, suggesting that sexual cycle gets completed immediately following arousal in these subjects causing PE.
Effect of Implementation of Perineal Tear Pain Management Programme on Pain Scores
Authors: Ramaswamy Karunakaran , Hooker Nicolas , Kotyra Zofia , Dhanashekaran Saravanan Solai , Soltanifar Sam , Aldamluji Niamat 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Perineal tear (PT) occurs in more than 85% of the women undergoing vaginal birth and up to 11% of these can be third- and fourth-degree tears and the majority suffer from pain. Poorly managed pain can impact the mother and her capacity to look after the baby. The institution introduced a PT pain management programme (PPP) as part of a quality improvement programme. This paper is a retrospective analysis to determine the effect of this implementation on the pain scores and patient satisfaction.

Objective:
Does the PT pain management programme improve pain scores at rest 12 and 24 h post-repair? Does the programme improve maternal satisfaction?

Methods:
A pain management protocol had been implemented for women with PT from January 1, 2020. To assess the effectiveness of the protocol, data were retrieved from electronic medical records (Cerner Millennium) of 100 women who had a PT from January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2019 (pre-PPP), and 96 women who had a PT from April 1, 2020, to July 31, 2020 (post-PPP). We included consecutive women who had second-, third- and fourth-degree tears.

Results:
A significant difference in the pain scores at 12 h (mean ± SD [difference of means], 95% CI) (2.17 ± 1.11 vs. 4.5 ± 1.65 [2.33], 1.93–2.73, t (194) = 11.54, P < 0.0001) and 24 h (2.17 ± 1.11 vs. 4.32 ± 1.44 [2.15], 1.79–2.52, t (194) = 11.67, P < 0.0001) was found after the introduction of the PPP. The patient satisfaction scores after the programme were improved (8.13 ± 1.35 vs. 5.11 ± 1.72, t (194) = 13.6, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The implementation of a pain programme for PT is associated with improvements in the pain scores and patient satisfaction. These improvements suggest that pain management protocols should be considered for women with a PT. Further prospective evaluations and work to confirm this finding would be useful in the other institutions.
Airway changes before & after delivery-does labour has any effect on the Modified Mallampati Score?
Authors: Das Akshaya Kumar , Sabharwal Nikki , Kumar Meenakshi 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Changes in modified mallampati grade occur with the progress of pregnancy, labor, and delivery due to various reasons. This could lead to unanticipated difficulties in airway management, especially if the parturient were to undergo a surgical procedure in the postpartum period. Our study aimed to evaluate the change in airway parameters after delivery in parturient undergoing lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) under spinal anesthesia. Materials and

Methods:
This study was conducted at Vardhaman Mahavir (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital over a period of 18 months. A total of 160 patients posted for either elective or emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in the study (80 in each group). Airway parameters including modified mallampati grade (MMPG) were measured at various time intervals – before cesarean section (T1) and 2 h (T2), 6 h (T3), 24 h (T4), 48 h (T5), and 72 h (T6) after delivery and analyzed statistically.

Results:
Changes in MMPG occurred in 71.25% of cases in the emergency group as compared with 40% of cases in the elective group (P = 0.0001). The mean MMPG was significantly higher from 2 h up to 72 h after LSCS in the emergency group (having more patients in active labor). (P = 0.0001). Maximum changes in MMPG occurred 6 h after delivery in both groups. Normalization of MMPG to its precesarean value occurred earlier in elective patients (P = 0.0005). An association was found between the duration of labor and normalization of changes in MMPG to its preoperative value (P = 0.023).

Conclusion:
Airway changes in pregnant women are seen to worsen after emergency LSCS under spinal anesthesia and are affected by prolonged labor. Therefore, the maternal airway should be reassessed after the delivery of the baby, for any surgical procedure thereafter.
Partial Lipodystrophy of Limbs in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shah Meet , Saboo Banshi 
Published: September 2021

Rationale:
On account of the diversity and rarity of lipodystrophy, this condition may be frequently unrecognized or misdiagnosed. This tends to be concerning as it is progressive and has potentially life-threatening complications.

Patient Concerns:
The patient was referred to our clinic with chief complaints of uncontrolled glycemia and an increased frequency of urination since last 3 months. The patient complained of weakness that led to thinning of upper limb muscles, loss of fat from face, neck, and upper thorax with simultaneous increase in abdominal girth, flattening of buttocks, and reduction in girth of lower limb muscles.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with partial lipodystrophy of limbs (PLL) based on unique clinical features, blood investigations, and a DEXA fat scan.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with basal insulin glargine, metformin 1.5 g, dapagliflozin 10 mg, pioglitazone 7.5 mg, and atorvastatin 40 mg. He was vigorously educated to follow a strict diet and an exercise plan with necessary lifestyle modifications.

Outcomes:
After 3 months, the patient achieved better glycemic control with a reduction in HbA1c from 9.5% to 7.2%, as well as an improvement in lipid profile. He additionally achieved a weight reduction of 12 kg, with reduction in his abdominal girth from 130 to 118 cm.

Lessons:
The recognition of PLL in patients with type 2 diabetes can help better clinical management by alerting physicians to the associated comorbidities. Many a times, PLL goes unnoticed on account of the slow progression. Our case highlights the need for greater recognition of PLL as it has specific metabolic features that help in guiding appropriate clinical management.