bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent, caregiver and community experiences with a gender transformative, social emotional learning intervention
Authors: Cherewick Megan , Lebu Sarah , Su Christine , Richards Lisa , Njau Prosper F. , Dahl Ronald E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Inequitable gender norms, beliefs and behaviors, are shaped by learning experiences during key developmental stages in an individual’s life course, and can have negative impacts on health and well-being outcomes. Very early adolescence represents one stage when formative learning experiences about gender inequity can have the potential to support or hinder more equitable gender norms, beliefs and behaviors. The aim of this qualitative study was to evaluate the effect of a gender transformative, social emotional learning intervention for very young adolescents (VYAs) that included experiential learning with peers, parents/caregivers and community members.

Methods
This study examined the effects of an intervention designed to provide social emotional learning opportunities for adolescents ages 10–11 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The qualitative sample included 279 participants. Qualitative methods included 102 in-depth interviews with VYAs, 22 focus groups with 117 VYAs, 60 in-depth interviews with parents/caregivers and 54 participant observations. A grounded theory approach was used to identify emergent themes.

Results
Participants reported growth in targeted areas of social emotional mindsets and skills, including a shift in gender norms, beliefs and behaviors. VYAs reported that experiential learning in mixed gender teams provided opportunities to actively practice and reflect on gender norms, beliefs and behaviors. VYAs also reported active practice of social emotional mindsets and skills with peers, parents/caregivers and the community. Parents/caregivers reported changes in VYAs’ social emotional mindsets and skills within the home, with the community and with siblings and peers. Both adolescents and parent/caregivers reported positive change towards more equitable gender norms, beliefs and behaviors through participation in experiential learning activities and reflective discussions.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that an intervention providing social and emotional experiential learning opportunities during the developmental window of very young adolescence can be effective in transforming gender norms, beliefs and behaviors. Involvement of peers, parents/caregivers and community members was effective at supporting learning social emotional mindsets and skills in VYAs. Findings encourage local and global adolescent programming to include gender transformative content paired with social emotional experiential learning with peers, family and the community and can stimulate positive change in gender norms, beliefs and behaviors to promote gender equity.
Construct validity of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale in adult subjects with COVID-19
Authors: Machado Felipe V. C. , Meys Roy , Delbressine Jeannet M. , Vaes Anouk W. , Goërtz Yvonne M. J. , van Herck Maarten , Houben-Wilke Sarah , Boon Gudula J. A. M. , Barco Stefano , Burtin Chris , van ’t Hul Alex , Posthuma Rein , Franssen Frits M. E. , Spies Yvonne , Vijlbrief Herman , Pitta Fabio , Rezek Spencer A. , Janssen Daisy J. A. , Siegerink Bob , Klok Frederikus A. , Spruit Martijn A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of subjects are recovering from COVID-19, raising the need for tools to adequately assess the course of the disease and its impact on functional status. We aimed to assess the construct validity of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) Scale among adult subjects with confirmed and presumed COVID-19.

Methods
Adult subjects with confirmed and presumed COVID-19, who were members of an online panel and two Facebook groups for subjects with COVID-19 with persistent symptoms, completed an online survey after the onset of infection-related symptoms. The number and intensity of symptoms were evaluated with the Utrecht Symptom Diary, health-related quality of life (HrQoL) with the 5-level EQ-5D questionnaire, impairment in work and activities with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire and functional status with the PCFS Scale.

Results
1939 subjects were included in the analyses (85% women, 95% non-hospitalized during infection) about 3 months after the onset of infection-related symptoms. Subjects classified as experiencing ‘slight’, ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’ functional limitations presented a gradual increase in the number/intensity of symptoms, reduction of HrQoL and impairment in work and usual activities. No differences were found regarding the number and intensity of symptoms, HrQoL and impairment in work and usual activities between subjects classified as experiencing ‘negligible’ and ‘no’ functional limitations. We found weak-to-strong statistical associations between functional status and all domains of HrQoL (r: 0.233–0.661). Notably, the strongest association found was with the ‘usual activities’ domain of the 5-level EQ-5D questionnaire.

Conclusion
We demonstrated the construct validity of the PCFS Scale in highly-symptomatic adult subjects with confirmed and presumed COVID-19, 3 months after the onset of symptoms.
Automated tooth segmentation as an innovative tool to assess 3D-tooth movement and root resorption in rodents
Authors: Trelenberg-Stoll Viktoria , Drescher Dieter , Wolf Michael , Becker Kathrin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Orthodontic root resorptions are frequently investigated in small animals, and micro-computed tomography (μCT) enables volumetric comparison. Despite, due to overlapping histograms from dentine and bone, accurate quantification of root resorption is challenging. The present study aims at (i) validating a novel automated approach for tooth segmentation (ATS), (ii) to indicate that matching of contralateral teeth is eligible to assess orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and root resorption (RR), (iii) and to apply the novel approach in an animal trial performing orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods
The oral apparatus of three female mice were scanned with a μCT. The first molars of each jaw and animal were segmented using ATS (test) and manually (control), and contralateral volumes were compared. Agreement in root volumes and time efficiency were assessed for method validation. In another n = 14 animals, the left first upper molar was protracted for 11 days at 0.5 N, whereas the contralateral molar served as control. Following ATS, OTM and RR were estimated.

Results
ATS was significantly more time efficient compared to the manual approach (81% faster, P < 0.01), accurate (volume differences: − 0.01 ± 0.04 mm3), and contralateral roots had comparable volumes. Protracted molars had significantly lower root volumes (P = 0.03), whereas the amount of OTM failed to reveal linear association with RR (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Within the limits of the study, it was demonstrated that the combination of ATS and registration of contralateral jaws enables measurements of OTS and associated RR in μCT scans.
Genome-wide DNA methylation dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming in the porcine germline
Authors: Gómez-Redondo Isabel , Planells Benjamín , Cánovas Sebastián , Ivanova Elena , Kelsey Gavin , Gutiérrez-Adán Alfonso 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Prior work in mice has shown that some retrotransposed elements remain substantially methylated during DNA methylation reprogramming of germ cells. In the pig, however, information about this process is scarce. The present study was designed to examine the methylation profiles of porcine germ cells during the time course of epigenetic reprogramming.

Results
Sows were artificially inseminated, and their fetuses were collected 28, 32, 36, 39, and 42 days later. At each time point, genital ridges were dissected from the mesonephros and germ cells were isolated through magnetic-activated cell sorting using an anti-SSEA-1 antibody, and recovered germ cells were subjected to whole-genome bisulphite sequencing. Methylation levels were quantified using SeqMonk software by performing an unbiased analysis, and persistently methylated regions (PMRs) in each sex were determined to extract those regions showing 50% or more methylation. Most genomic elements underwent a dramatic loss of methylation from day 28 to day 36, when the lowest levels were shown. By day 42, there was evidence for the initiation of genomic re-methylation. We identified a total of 1456 and 1122 PMRs in male and female germ cells, respectively, and large numbers of transposable elements (SINEs, LINEs, and LTRs) were found to be located within these PMRs. Twenty-one percent of the introns located in these PMRs were found to be the first introns of a gene, suggesting their regulatory role in the expression of these genes. Interestingly, most of the identified PMRs were demethylated at the blastocyst stage.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that methylation reprogramming in pig germ cells follows the general dynamics shown in mice and human, unveiling genomic elements that behave differently between male and female germ cells.
Successful nonoperative management by endoscopic and percutaneous drainage for penetrating pancreatic duct injury: a case report
Authors: Kanno Hiroki , Hirakawa Yusuke , Yasunaga Masafumi , Midorikawa Ryuta , Taniwaki Shinichi , Uchino Yoshihiro , Sasaki Shin , Kojima Satoki , Nomura Yoriko , Nakayama Goichi , Goto Yuichi , Sato Toshihiro , Kawahara Ryuichi , Sakai Hisamune , Ishikawa Hiroto , Hisaka Toru , Okuda Koji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic trauma is a rare condition with a wide presentation, ranging from hematoma or laceration without main pancreatic duct involvement, to massive destruction of the pancreatic head. The optimal diagnosis of pancreatic trauma and its management approaches are still under debate. The East Association of Surgery for Trauma (EAST) guidelines recommend operative management for high-grade pancreatic trauma; however, several reports have reported successful outcomes with nonoperative management (NOM) for grade III/IV pancreatic injuries. Herein, we report a case of grade IV pancreatic injury that was nonoperatively managed through endoscopic and percutaneous drainage.

Case presentation
A 47-year-old Japanese man was stabbed in the back with a knife; upon blood examination, both serum amylase and lipase levels were within normal limits. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed extravasation of the contrast medium around the pancreatic head and a hematoma behind the pancreas. Abdominal arterial angiography revealed a pseudo aneurysm in the inferior pancreatoduodenal artery, as well as extravasation of the contrast medium in that artery; coil embolization was thus performed. On day 12, CT revealed a wedge-shaped, low-density area in the pancreatic head, as well as consecutive pseudocysts behind the pancreas; thereafter, percutaneous drainage was performed via the stab wound. On day 22, contrast radiography through the percutaneous drain revealed the proximal and distal parts of the main pancreatic duct. The injury was thus diagnosed as a grade IV pancreatic injury based on the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma guidelines. On day 26, an endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage tube was inserted across the disruption; on day 38, contrast-enhanced CT showed a marked reduction in the fluid collection. Finally, on day 61, the patient was discharged.

Conclusions
Although the EAST guidelines recommend operative treatment for high-grade pancreatic trauma, NOM with appropriate drainage by endoscopic and/or percutaneous approaches may be a promising treatment for grade III or IV trauma.
Cell-free fat extract promotes tissue regeneration in a tissue expansion model
Authors: Deng Mingwu , Wang Xiangsheng , Yu Ziyou , Cai Yizuo , Liu Wei , Zhou Guangdong , Wang Xiansong , Yu Zheyuan , Li Wei , Zhang Wen Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Tissue expansion techniques play an important role in plastic surgery. How to improve the quality of the expanded skin and shorten the expansion period are still worth investigating. Our previous studies found that a cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) possessed pro-angiogenic and pro-proliferative activities. However, the role of CEFFE on tissue expansion has remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CEFFE on tissue expansion.

Methods
A rat tissue expansion model was used. Animals were treated with CEFFE by subcutaneous injection. After 4 weeks of tissue expansion, the skin necrosis and retraction rates were evaluated, the thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis were determined by histological analyses, blood vessel density was measured by anti-CD31 staining, cell proliferation was assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, and the expression of specific proteins was evaluated by western blot analyses. In addition, the effects of CEFFE on the proliferation and cell cycle of cultured HaCaT cells were evaluated in vitro.

Results
CEFFE treatment significantly decreased the necrosis rate and retraction of the expanded skin. The thickness of the epidermal and dermal layers was higher in CEFFE-treated compared to untreated skin. The density of blood vessels and cell proliferation in the epidermis of the expanded skin was improved by CEFFE treatment. In addition, CEFFE treatment significantly increased the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, collagen type 1, and collagen type 3. CEFFE also increased the proliferation of HaCaT cells in culture.

Conclusions
CEFFE improves the quality of the expanded skin by promoting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. It could be potentially used clinically for augmenting tissue expansion.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapeutic applications on sleep and insomnia: a review
Authors: Oroz Ricardo , Kung Simon , Croarkin Paul E. , Cheung Joseph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a neuromodulatory technique approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. It works by generating localized magnetic fields that create depolarizing electrical currents in neurons a few centimeters below the scalp. This localized effect is believed to stimulate neural plasticity, activate compensatory processes, and influence cortical excitability. Additionally, rTMS has been used in a variety of clinical trials for neurological and psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and epilepsy. Beneficial effects in sleep parameters have been documented in these trials, as well as in major depressive disorder, and have led to an interest in using rTMS in the field of sleep medicine for specific disorders such as insomnia, hypersomnia, and restless legs syndrome. It is unknown whether rTMS has intrinsically beneficial properties when applied to primary sleep disorders, or if it only acts on sleep through mood disorders. This narrative review sought to examine available literature regarding the application of rTMS for sleep disorder to identify knowledge gaps and inform future study design. The literature in this area remains scarce, with few randomized clinical trials on rTMS and insomnia. Available studies have found mixed results, with some studies reporting subjective sleep improvement while objective improvement is less consistent. Due to the heterogeneity of results and the variations in rTMS protocols, no definitive conclusions have been reached, signaling the need for further research.
Antagonistic pattern of yeast species against some selected food-borne pathogens
Authors: Fadahunsi Ilesanmi Festus , Olubodun Simbo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The efficiency of synthetic preservation in shelf life extension of food is well documented, but the hazardous side effects associated with it are posing serious threat to the food industry. Therefore, this present research work is aimed at determining the suitability of yeast metabolite as an alternative natural preservative agent of food.

Results
The results obtained revealed that seventy-three yeast isolates were obtained from the fruits and were identified as Candida pelliculosa, Kluyveromyces phaffii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 001, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 002, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 003 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and were confirmed safe. The highest production of lactic acid (3.6) and diacetyl (1.0 mg/ml) was recorded by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 001 and the best pH, temperature, sodium chloride concentration, carbon and nitrogen sources that stimulated maximum inhibitory activities of the yeast species against the food-borne pathogens were 4, 30 °C, 2–4%, glucose and skimmed milk, respectively. The lowest MIC and MBC values recorded were 3.125 ± 0.6 and 6.25 ± 0.26.25 ± 0.3 μg /ml, respectively.

Conclusion
The study confirmed that the combination of the yeast metabolites could be potentially used as bio-preservation in food.
Is methylmethacrylate toxic during pregnancy and breastfeeding?--- a systematic review
Authors: Lin James S. , Townsend Janice A. , Humbyrd Casey , Samora Julie Balch 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is commonly used in the fields of dentistry and orthopaedic surgery. However, there remain concerns for the occupational hazards of MMA, particularly during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of studies on effects that MMA may have in pregnancy in the context of exposure during orthopaedic surgery and dentistry. Review articles, studies lacking statistical data, single case reports and other evidence level V studies were excluded.

Results
Nine studies were included. One basic science study demonstrated an increase in neuronal cell lysis and shrunken cell bodies when neocortical neurons were exposed to MMA monomer. Three animal studies exposed pregnant rodents to MMA via intraperitoneal injection or inhalation. Exposed fetuses in two studies had an increase in gross abnormalities such as hemangiomas, while there was no increase in teratologic effects in the third study. In dental workers exposed to MMA, two retrospective cohort studies did not find a statistically significant increase in birth defects or miscarriage. After exposure to MMA during total joint arthroplasty, two studies found that MMA levels were undetectable in the mothers’ serum or breast milk. One study measuring the airborne levels of MMA during simulated joint arthroplasty found that concentrations never exceeded 1% of the recommended limit set forth by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Conclusions
Potential teratologic effects of MMA cannot be excluded by existing evidence. However, the typical MMA exposure levels for dental and orthopaedic personnel appear to be substantially less than currently proposed exposure limits.
Effect of pioglitazone, as antidiabetic agent, on atheroma regression in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine Fakhry , Ashraf Ahmed , Ismail Habiba-Allah , AbdelAzeim Bassant , Barsoum Ihab Hany , Girgis Shady , Afdal George , AbdelAzeim Nesrine , Afdal Peter , Menshawey Esraa , Menshawey Rahma , Badr Kirollos , Arsanyous Mariem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPioglitazone’s role in the induction of atheroma regression in diabetics was suggested by several RCT. The aim of our study was to evaluate this role through a systematic review of all RCT conducted on this subject.MethodsLiterature was searched for relevant studies. We included all RCT that compared pioglitazone versus other antidiabetic agents. Mean differences of either AV or CIMT, HbA1C, HDL, and LDL between the two groups were used to assess the effect of pioglitazone versus alternative therapies.ResultsSix RCT were included with a total of 1180 patients. Pioglitazone was significantly superior to glimepiride and gliclazide in improving IMT. No significant difference was observed in overall AV, HbA1C, and LDL.ConclusionThe latter findings confirm that anti-atheroma action of pioglitazone is not achieved through its antiglycemic or antidyslipidemia effects, but probably through a DNA-mediated effect, and may lead to its repurposing for reversal of organ fibrosis.
The Age-Dependent Changes of the Human Adrenal Cortical Zones Are Not Congruent
Authors: Tezuka Yuta , Atsumi Nanako , Blinder Amy R , Rege Juilee , Giordano Thomas J , Rainey William E , Turcu Adina F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
While previous studies indicate that the zonae reticularis (ZR) and glomerulosa (ZG) diminish with aging, little is known about age-related transformations of the zona fasciculata (ZF).

Objectives
To investigate the morphological and functional changes of the adrenal cortex across adulthood, with emphasis on (i) the understudied ZF and (ii) sexual dimorphisms.

Methods
We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), visinin-like protein 1 (VSNL1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD3B2), 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), and cytochrome b5 type A (CYB5A) in adrenal glands from 60 adults (30 men), aged 18 to 86. Additionally, we employed mass spectrometry to quantify the morning serum concentrations of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol (11dF), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and androstenedione in 149 pairs of age- and body mass index–matched men and women, age 21 to 95 years.

Results
The total cortical area was positively correlated with age (r = 0.34, P = 0.008). Both the total (VSNL1-positive) and functional ZG (CYP11B2-positive) areas declined with aging in men (r = −0.57 and −0.67, P &lt; 0.01), but not in women. The CYB5A-positive area declined with age in both sexes (r = −0.76, P &lt; 0.0001). In contrast, the estimated ZF area correlated positively with age in men (r = 0.59, P = 0.0006) and women (r = 0.49, P = 0.007), while CYP11B1-positive area remained unchanged across ages. Serum cortisol, corticosterone, and 11-deoxycorticosterone levels were stable across ages, while 11dF levels increased slightly with age (r = 0.16, P = 0.007).

Conclusion
Unlike the ZG and ZR, the ZF and the total adrenal cortex areas enlarge with aging. An abrupt decline of the ZG occurs with age in men only, possibly contributing to sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular risk.