bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People with high empathy show increased cortical activity around the left medial parieto-occipital sulcus after watching social interaction of on-screen characters
Authors: Hamada Masayoshi , Matsubayashi Jun , Tanaka Kenta , Furuya Makiko , Matsuhashi Masao , Mima Tatsuya , Fukuyama Hidenao , Mitani Akira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeople with high empathy interpret others’ mental states in daily social interactions. To investigate their characteristics of social cognitive processing, we compared neuromagnetic activities between 20 males with high empathy and 23 males with low empathy while watching social interactions between two characters. Twenty stories of four-panel comic strips were presented; the first three panels described social interactions, and the last panel described empathic/nonempathic behaviors. People with high empathy exhibited increased cortical activity in the right occipital region, medial part of the bilateral superior frontal gyri, and right posterior insula while watching social interaction scenes, which suggests that they paid attention to others’ faces and bodies, and inferred others’ mental states. They also exhibited increased cortical activity in the left superior frontal gyrus while watching empathic behaviors. Moreover, they exhibited increased cortical activity in the region around the left medial parieto-occipital sulcus, which is related to self-projection, while passively watching both empathic and nonempathic endings. Taken together, these results suggest that people with high empathy pay attention to others and actively infer others’ mental states while watching social interactions and that they reconstruct others’ mental states and intentions through self-projection after watching a sequence of others’ behaviors.
Plasma Rotavirus-specific IgA and Risk of Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Infants in Malawi
Authors: Pollock Louisa , Bennett Aisleen , Jere Khuzwayo C , Mandolo Jonathan , Dube Queen , Bar-Zeev Naor , Heyderman Robert S , Cunliffe Nigel A , Iturriza-Gomara Miren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Rotavirus vaccine efficacy is reduced in low-income populations, but efforts to improve vaccine performance are limited by lack of clear correlates of protection. Although plasma rotavirus (RV)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) appears strongly associated with protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis in high-income countries, weaker association has been observed in low-income countries. We tested the hypothesis that lower RV-specific IgA is associated with rotavirus vaccine failure in Malawian infants.

Methods
In a case-control study, we recruited infants presenting with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis following monovalent oral rotavirus vaccination (RV1 vaccine failures). Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the odds of rotavirus seronegativity (RV-specific IgA &lt; 20 U/mL) in these cases compared 1:1 with age-matched, vaccinated, asymptomatic community controls. Plasma RV-specific IgA was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all participants at recruitment, and for cases at 10 days after symptom onset. Rotavirus infection and genotype were determined by antigen testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

Results
In 116 age-matched pairs, infants with RV1 vaccine failure were more likely to be RV-specific IgA seronegative than controls: odds ratio, 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–5.9), P=.001. In 60 infants with convalescent serology, 42/45 (93%; 95% CI. 81–98) infants seronegative at baseline became seropositive. Median rise in RV-specific IgA concentration following acute infection was 112.8 (interquartile range, 19.1–380.6)-fold.

Conclusions
In this vaccinated population with high residual burden of rotavirus disease, RV1 vaccine failure was associated with lower RV-specific IgA, providing further evidence of RV-specific IgA as a marker of protection. Robust convalescent RV-specific IgA response in vaccine failures suggests differences in wild-type and vaccine-induced immunity, which informs future vaccine development.
(Unintended) Consequences of export restrictions on medical goods during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Grassia Marco , Mangioni Giuseppe , Schiavo Stefano , Traverso Silvio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic led several governments to impose restrictions on the export of medical supplies. Despite being at odds with the canonical prescriptions of the economic theory, non-cooperative measures of this kind remain popular tools in times of crisis. By modelling the diffusion of the effects of export restrictions on the domestic availability of medical goods through the international trade network, we study the zero-sum game logic that lies behind these policies. We show that, even if one abstracts from the complex and non-linear real-world dynamics that characterize global crises, unilateral trade restrictions are not helpful. In fact, while restrictions would be beneficial to a country implementing them in isolation, we observe that their generalized use makes most countries worse off relative to a no-ban scenario. Moreover, the results also indicates restraining from export bans has negligible costs even when other countries apply them. In terms of normative analysis, our results provide new evidence against unilateral trade policies which go above and beyond the context of the current pandemic.
Little Monsters: Austerity, Anxiety, and the Monstrous Child in Doris Lessing’sThe Fifth Child
Authors: Arnold Lucy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe popular imagination of the 1970s and 1980s was a fertile breeding ground for monstrous children who proliferated within a political climate where austerity was becoming a central concept in Thatcherite thinking. In this article, I argue that, despite their neoliberal positioning as possessing certain modes of capital, children become “monstrous” in Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child through their association with precisely the kinds of excess which austerity politics condemns, constituting a corporeal and economic threat. I read these “little monsters” as articulations of the social anxieties about lack and scarcity upon which austerity is based and which it subsequently generates and, more broadly, as inscriptions of the ambivalent position of the child within Thatcherite policy and rhetoric.
A graphical representation of glycan heterogeneity
Authors: Zeng Xuyao , Novotny Milos V , Clemmer David E , Trinidad Jonathan C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A substantial shortcoming of large-scale datasets is often the inability to easily represent and visualize key features. This problem becomes acute when considering the increasing technical ability to profile large numbers of glycopeptides and glycans in recent studies. Here, we describe a simple, concise graphical representation intended to capture the microheterogeneity associated with glycan modification at specific sites. We illustrate this method by showing visual representations of the glycans and glycopeptides from a variety of species. The graphical representation presented allows one to easily discern the compositions of all glycans, similarities and differences of modifications found in different samples and, in the case of N-linked glycans, the initial steps in the biosynthetic pathway.
How Communicating about Discrimination Influences Attributions of Blame and Condemnation
Authors: DeAndrea David C , Bullock Olivia M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcross two randomized experiments, we examine how communication about discriminatory acts can influence judgments of blame and condemnation. Specifically, we consider whether attributing discrimination to implicit or explicit bias affects how people evaluate online reports of discrimination. In Study 1 (N = 947), we explore this question in the context of an online news environment, and in Study 2 (N = 121) we replicate our results on a social media site (i.e., Twitter). Across both studies, we document how viewers respond differently to reports of discrimination due to variation in agent motives, the type of bias that purportedly caused the discriminatory behavior, and the extent to which agents are reported to have completed implicit bias training. We discuss our theoretical contribution to perspectives of blame attribution and the communication of bias as well as the practical implications of our findings.
Trends in exposure to and perceptions of e-cigarette marketing among youth in England, Canada and the United States between 2017 and 2019
Authors: Cho Yoo Jin , Thrasher James F , Driezen Pete , Hitchman Sara C , Reid Jessica L , Hammond David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractE-Cigarette marketing may influence e-cigarette use among youth. This study examined reported exposure to and perceptions of e-cigarette marketing among youth between 2017 and 2019 across countries with varying e-cigarette marketing restrictions. Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted with 35 490 youth aged 16–19 from England, Canada and the United States in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Weighted logistic regression models examined trends in the adjusted prevalence of self-reported exposure to e-cigarette marketing and the perceived appeal of e-cigarette ads between 2017 and 2019, by country and by smoking/vaping status. Reports of frequent exposure to e-cigarette marketing increased between 2017 and 2019 in all countries, but less so in England, where e-cigarette marketing is more restricted. Perceiving e-cigarette marketing as appealing increased from 2017 to 2019 in Canada and the United States, but not in England. In England, exposure to e-cigarette marketing did not increase in prohibited channels between 2017 and 2019. Between 2017 and 2019, never-users’ reports increased for exposure to and appeal of e-cigarette marketing. The results suggest some effectiveness of e-cigarette marketing bans in England and receptivity to e-cigarette marketing among youth never users.
Ecosystems and competition law in theory and practice
Authors: Jacobides Michael G , Lianos Ioannis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the most profound changes in the industrial landscape in the last decade has been the growth of business ecosystems—groups of connected firms, drawing on (digital) platforms that leverage their complementors and lock in their customers, exploiting the “bottlenecks” that emerge in new industry architectures. This has created new asymmetries of power, where the “field” of competition is not the relevant product market, as is usually the case in competition law, but rather the ecosystem of various complementary products and associated complementor firms. These dynamics raise novel concerns over competition. After examining the foundational elements of the ecosystem concept, we review how ecosystems are addressed within the current scope of competition law and identify the gap in the existing framework of conventional competition law. We then move to a critical review of current efforts and proposals in the European Union for providing regulatory remedies for ex ante and ex post resolution of problems, focusing on the current (2020) proposals of the Digital Market Act on ex ante regulation, with its particular focus on “gatekeepers.” We also review recent regulatory initiatives in European countries that focus on ex post regulation and on the role of business models and ecosystem architectures in regulation before providing a deep dive into proposed Greek legislation that explicitly focuses on ecosystem regulation. We conclude with our observations on the challenges in instituting and implementing a regulatory framework for ecosystems, drawing on research and our own engagement in the regulatory process.
Bernstein and Half-Space Properties for Minimal Graphs Under Ricci Lower Bounds
Authors: Colombo Giulio , Magliaro Marco , Mari Luciano , Rigoli Marco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a new gradient estimate for minimal graphs defined on domains of a complete manifold $M$ with Ricci curvature bounded from below. This enables us to show that positive, entire minimal graphs on manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature are constant and that complete, parabolic manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below have the half-space property. We avoid the need of sectional curvature bounds on $M$ by exploiting a form of the Ahlfors–Khas’minskii duality in nonlinear potential theory.
Implications of Large-Effect Loci for Conservation: A Review and Case Study with Pacific Salmon
Authors: Waples Robin S , Ford Michael J , Nichols Krista , Kardos Marty , Myers Jim , Thompson Tasha Q , Anderson Eric C , Koch Ilana J , McKinney Garrett , Miller Michael R , Naish Kerry , Narum Shawn R , O’Malley Kathleen G , Pearse Devon E , Pess George R , Quinn Thomas P , Seamons Todd R , Spidle Adrian , Warheit Kenneth I , Willis Stuart C 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe increasing feasibility of assembling large genomic datasets for non-model species presents both opportunities and challenges for applied conservation and management. A popular theme in recent studies is the search for large-effect loci that explain substantial portions of phenotypic variance for a key trait(s). If such loci can be linked to adaptations, 2 important questions arise: 1) Should information from these loci be used to reconfigure conservation units (CUs), even if this conflicts with overall patterns of genetic differentiation? 2) How should this information be used in viability assessments of populations and larger CUs? In this review, we address these questions in the context of recent studies of Chinook salmon and steelhead (anadromous form of rainbow trout) that show strong associations between adult migration timing and specific alleles in one small genomic region. Based on the polygenic paradigm (most traits are controlled by many genes of small effect) and genetic data available at the time showing that early-migrating populations are most closely related to nearby late-migrating populations, adult migration differences in Pacific salmon and steelhead were considered to reflect diversity within CUs rather than separate CUs. Recent data, however, suggest that specific alleles are required for early migration, and that these alleles are lost in populations where conditions do not support early-migrating phenotypes. Contrasting determinations under the US Endangered Species Act and the State of California’s equivalent legislation illustrate the complexities of incorporating genomics data into CU configuration decisions. Regardless how CUs are defined, viability assessments should consider that 1) early-migrating phenotypes experience disproportionate risks across large geographic areas, so it becomes important to identify early-migrating populations that can serve as reliable sources for these valuable genetic resources; and 2) genetic architecture, especially the existence of large-effect loci, can affect evolutionary potential and adaptability.
Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Decrease Foraging But Not Recruitment After Neonicotinoid Exposure
Authors: Ohlinger Bradley D , Schürch Roger , Durzi Sharif , Kietzman Parry M , Silliman Mary R , Couvillon Margaret J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Honey bees (Linnaeus, Hymenoptera: Apidae) are widely used as commercial pollinators and commonly forage in agricultural and urban landscapes containing neonicotinoid-treated plants. Previous research has demonstrated that honey bees display adverse behavioral and cognitive effects after treatment with sublethal doses of neonicotinoids. In laboratory studies, honey bees simultaneously increase their proportional intake of neonicotinoid-treated solutions and decrease their total solution consumption to some concentrations of certain neonicotinoids. These findings suggest that neonicotinoids might elicit a suboptimal response in honey bees, in which they forage preferentially on foods containing pesticides, effectively increasing their exposure, while also decreasing their total food intake; however, behavioral responses in semifield and field conditions are less understood. Here we conducted a feeder experiment with freely flying bees to determine the effects of a sublethal, field-realistic concentration of imidacloprid (IMD) on the foraging and recruitment behaviors of honey bees visiting either a control feeder containing a sucrose solution or a treatment feeder containing the same sucrose solution with IMD. We report that IMD-treated honey bees foraged less frequently (–28%) and persistently (–66%) than control foragers. Recruitment behaviors (dance frequency and dance propensity) also decreased with IMD, but nonsignificantly. Our results suggest that neonicotinoids inhibit honey bee foraging, which could potentially decrease food intake and adversely affect colony health.
Evaluating Volatile Plant Compounds of Psidium galapageium (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) as Repellents Against Invasive Parasitic Diptera in the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Martina C , Krenn L , Krupicka L , Yamada H , Hood-Nowotny R , Lahuatte P F , Yar J , Schwemhofer T , Fischer B , Causton C E , Tebbich S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plant-based repellents represent a safe, economic, and viable alternative to managing invasive insects that threaten native fauna. Observations of self-medication in animals can provide important cues to the medicinal properties of plants. A recent study in the Galapagos Islands found that Darwin’s finches apply the leaves of Psidium galapageium (Hooker 1847) to their feathers, extracts of which were repellent to mosquitoes and the parasitic fly Philornis downsi (Dodge & Aitkens 1968; Diptera: Muscidae). Introduced mosquitoes are suspected vectors of avian pathogens in the Galapagos Islands, whereas the larvae of P. downsi are blood-feeders, causing significant declines of the endemic avifauna. In this study, we investigated the volatile compounds found in P. galapageium, testing each against a model organism, the mosquito Anopheles arabiensis (Patton 1905; Diptera: Culicidae), with the aim of singling out the most effective compound for repelling dipterans. Examinations of an ethanolic extract of P. galapageium, its essential oil and each of their respective fractions, revealed a mixture of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, the latter consisting mainly of guaiol, trans-nerolidol, and β-eudesmol. Of these, trans-nerolidol was identified as the most effective repellent to mosquitoes. This was subsequently tested at four different concentrations against P. downsi, but we did not find a repellence response. A tendency to avoid the compound was observed, albeit significance was not achieved in any case. The lack of repellence suggests that flies may respond to a combination of the volatile compounds found in P. galapageium, rather than to a single compound.
A Scoping Review and Proposed Framework for Coping in Youth With a History of Psychological Trauma and Chronic Pain
Authors: Nelson Sarah , Agoston Monica , Kovar-Gough Iris , Cunningham Natoshia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
Psychological trauma (e.g., abuse, neglect) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) commonly occur in pediatric pain populations and may be related to various maladaptive coping strategies, which may in turn affect short- and long-term pain-related outcomes in youth. Accordingly, the current scoping review and conceptual framework seeks to identify important gaps in the field’s current understanding of how coping impacts outcomes in youth who have experienced trauma/PTSS and pediatric chronic pain and explores avenues for future investigation.

Methods
A scoping review of the literature was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and Sociological Abstracts. Eligibility criteria included pediatric populations experiencing chronic pain, trauma, adverse childhood events, and/or PTSS and associated coping mechanisms. Nine research papers were selected and used to support the conceptual framework. The framework builds upon the work of Compas et al.’s’ model of control-based coping (Compas et al., 2006; Compas & Harding Thomsen, 1999) and outlines the potential effects of trauma and/or PTSS and pain on coping and pain-related outcomes (e.g., pain chronicity, functional outcomes) in pediatric chronic pain populations.

Results
A history of chronic pain and psychological trauma and/or PTSS in youth may contribute to increased risk for maladaptive coping and in turn, poorer pain-related and psychosocial outcomes long-term.

Conclusions
Findings from the current scoping review and proposed conceptual framework will guide future research and treatment efforts for youths experiencing pain and trauma and/or PTSS and thereby enhance long-term outcomes.
Overexpression of purple acid phosphatase GmPAP2.1 confers resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in a susceptible soybean cultivar
Authors: Widyasari Kristin , Tran Phu-Tri , Shin Jiyoung , Son Hokyoung , Kim Kook-Hyung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A purple acid phosphatase, GmPAP2.1, from the soybean (Glycine max) cultivar L29 may function as a resistance factor acting against specific strains of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). In this study, we found that overexpression of GmPAP2.1 from L29 conferred SMV resistance to a susceptible cultivar, Lee 74. We determined that GmPAP2.1 interacted with the SMV protein P1 in the chloroplasts, resulting in the up-regulation of the ICS1 gene, which in turn promoted the pathogen-induced salicylic acid (SA) pathway. SA accumulation was elevated in response to the co-expression of GmPAP2.1 and SMV, while transient knockdown of endogenous SA-related genes resulted in systemic infection by SMV strain G5H, suggesting that GmPAP2.1-derived resistance depended on the SA-pathway for the activation of a defense response. Our findings thus suggest that GmPAP2.1 purple acid phosphatase of soybean cultivar L29 functions as an SA-pathway-dependent resistance factor acting against SMV.
Bright, relatively isolated star clusters in PHANGS–HST galaxies: Aperture corrections, quantitative morphologies, and comparison with synthetic stellar population models
Authors: Deger Sinan , Lee Janice C , Whitmore Bradley C , Thilker David A , Boquien Mederic , Chandar Rupali , Dale Daniel A , Ubeda Leonardo , White Rick , Grasha Kathryn , Glover Simon C O , Schruba Andreas , Barnes Ashley T , Klessen Ralf , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Rosolowsky Erik , Williams Thomas G 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Using PHANGS–HST NUV-U-B-V-I imaging of 17 nearby spiral galaxies, we study samples of star clusters and stellar associations, visually selected to be bright and relatively isolated, for three purposes: to compute aperture corrections for star cluster photometry, to explore the utility of quantitative morphologies in the analysis of clusters and associations, and to compare to synthetic stellar population models. We provide a technical summary of our procedures to determine aperture corrections, a standard step in the production of star cluster candidate catalogues, and compare to prior work. We also use this specialized sample to launch an analysis into the measurement of star cluster light profiles. We focus on one measure, M20 (normalized second-order moment of the brightest 20 per cent of pixels), applied previously to study the morphologies of galaxies. We find that M20 in combination with UB-VI colours, yields a parameter space where distinct loci are formed by single-peaked symmetric clusters, single-peaked asymmetric clusters, and multipeaked associations. We discuss the potential applications for using M20 to gain insight into the formation and evolution of clusters and associations. Finally, we compare the colour distributions of this sample with various synthetic stellar population models. One finding is that the standard procedure of using a single-metallicity SSP track to fit the entire population of clusters in a given galaxy should be revisited, as the oldest globular clusters will be more metal-poor compared to clusters formed recently.