bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitioning Adolescents with Perinatally Acquired HIV from Paediatric to Adult Centered Care: Caregivers’ Perspective
Authors: Ogubuike Chigozirim , Asuquo Eme Olukemi , Alabi Ajibola 
Published: September 2021

Aim: To investigate caregivers’ attitude towards transitioning HIV-positive adolescents from paediatric to adult centered care as well as understanding their perspective of transition inhibitors and facilitators.
Study Design: We used a descriptive qualitative design and purposively selected principal caregivers of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years with perinatally acquired HIV who had been attending the paediatric infectious diseases clinic for at least 12 months before the study.
Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study was conducted from August 2020 to November 2020.
Methodology: We included principal caregivers whose wards were not cognitively impaired, whose HIV serostatus had been disclosed to them and who had been attending the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital paediatric infectious diseases clinic for at least 12 months before the onset of the study. Fifteen In-depth interviews were conducted and data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method with Atlas ti data qualitative software version 7.5.21. The sample size was determined when data saturation was reached.
Results: Most principal caregivers did not understand their role and were not involved in preparing their wards for the transition to adult care. Perceived inhibitors to transition were anxiety on severing the long-term relationship with the paediatric health care team and concern that adult physicians may not be as caring as those in the paediatric clinic. Seropositive caregivers suggested that taking their wards along with them to their appointment at the adult clinic would facilitate transition.
Conclusion: Principal caregivers were unaware of their roles in the transition process, healthcare providers should actively involve and educate them to ensure a smooth transitioning to the adult centered care.
Does Galectin3 Immunohistochemical Marker Help in Diagnosing the Nature of Benign or Malignant Thyroid Tumor?
Authors: -Farwa Umm-e , Ramzan Rehana , Niaz Mahwish , Salim Hassan , Fawad Rabiya , Tasawer Nadia , Bangash Kashif , Mumtaz Hassan , Ahmad Shahzaib 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Galectin-3 has been reported quite accurate to detect or exclude malignancy in nodules with prior indeterminate Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and per operative findings. Keeping this fact in mind, Galectin-3 can have a pivotal role in separating benign from the malignant thyroid neoplasms.
We aim to determine the frequency and intensity of Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression among benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms confirmed on histopathology.
Materials and Methods: We studied 78 thyroid specimens diagnosed with thyroid neoplasms on histopathology. Out of these 39 were benign cases (follicular adenoma and hurthle cell adenoma) and 39 were malignant cases (papillary thyroid carcinomas, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma). Each specimen was examined grossly and microscopically and checked for immunohistochemical staining pattern of Galectin-3 under the microscope.
Results: Age range in this study was from 15 to 65 years with mean age of 44.97 ± 10.78 years. Out of these 78 patients, 17 (21.79%) were male and 61 (78.21%) were female with male to female ratio of 1:3.6. Frequency of positive Galectin-3 immuno histochemical expression among thyroid neoplasms was found in 32 (41.03%) cases with Galectin-3 showing positive staining in 21 (53.85%) of all malignant and 11 (28.21%) of all benign cases .Among the malignant neoplasms, positivity was seen most frequently in papillary thyroid carcinomas as compared to the other malignancies.
Conclusion: This study concluded that positive Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression is more in malignant thyroid neoplasms (53.85%) as compare to the benign lesions (28.21%). Therefore, we recommend that this marker cannot be used alone for the routine diagnosis of malignant lesions as it has shown less sensitivity and specificity. Moreover it also has shown no significant role in differentiating between the benign and the malignant thyroid neoplasms.
Development of breast phantoms using a 3D printer and glandular dose evaluation
Authors: Lee Dong‐Yeon , Jo Yong‐In , Yang Sung‐Hee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, breast phantoms were fabricated by emulating glandular and adipose tissues separately using a three‐dimensional (3D) printer. In addition, direct and quantitative glandular dose evaluations were performed. A quantitative method was developed to evaluate the glandular and adipose tissues separately when performing glandular dose evaluations. The variables used for glandular dose evaluation were breast thickness, glandular tissue ratio, and additional filter materials. The values obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation and those measured using a glass dosimeter were compared and analyzed. The analysis showed that as the glandular tissue ratio increased, the dose decreased by approximately 10%, which is not a significant variation. The comparison revealed that the simulated values of the glandular dose were approximately 15% higher than the measured values. The use of silver and rhodium filters resulted in a mean simulated dose of 1.00 mGy and 0.72 mGy, respectively, while the corresponding mean measured values were 0.89 mGy ± 0.03 mGy and 0.62 mGy ± 0.02 mGy. The mean glandular dose can be reliably evaluated by comparing the simulated and measured values.
Molecular Engineering to Tune the Ligand Environment of Atomically Dispersed Nickel for Efficient Alcohol Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Liang Zhifu , Jiang Daochuan , Wang Xiang , Shakouri Mohsen , Zhang Ting , Li Zhongjun , Tang Pengyi , Llorca Jordi , Liu Lijia , Yuan Yupeng , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Morante Joan R. , Cabot Andreu , Arbiol Jordi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtomically dispersed metals maximize the number of catalytic sites and enhance their activity. However, their challenging synthesis and characterization strongly complicates their optimization. Here, the aim is to demonstrate that tuning the electronic environment of atomically dispersed metal catalysts through the modification of their edge coordination is an effective strategy to maximize their performance. This article focuses on optimizing nickel‐based electrocatalysts toward alcohol electrooxidation in alkaline solution. A new organic framework with atomically dispersed nickel is first developed. The coordination environment of nickel within this framework is modified through the addition of carbonyl (CO) groups. The authors then demonstrate that such nickel‐based organic frameworks, combined with carbon nanotubes, exhibit outstanding catalytic activity and durability toward the oxidation of methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), and benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH); the smaller molecule exhibits higher catalytic performance. These outstanding electrocatalytic activities for alcohol electrooxidation are attributed to the presence of the carbonyl group in the ligand chemical environment, which enhances the adsorption for alcohol, as revealed by density functional theory calculations. The work not only introduces a new atomically dispersed Ni‐based catalyst, but also demonstrates a new strategy for designing and engineering high‐performance catalysts through the tuning of their chemical environment.
Stable Field Electron Emission and Plasma Illumination from Boron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Edge‐Rich Diamond‐Enhanced Carbon Nanowalls
Authors: Ficek Mateusz , Dec Bartłomiej , Sankaran Kamatchi Jothiramalingam , Gajewski Krzysztof , Tatarczak Piotr , Wlasny Igor , Wysmolek Andrzej , Haenen Ken , Gotszalk Teodor , Bogdanowicz Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSuperior field electron emission (FEE) characteristics are achieved in edge‐rich diamond‐enhanced carbon nanowalls (D‐ECNWs) grown in a single‐step chemical vapor deposition process co‐doped with boron and nitrogen. The structure consists of sharp, highly conductive graphene edges supplied by a solid, diamond‐rich bottom. The Raman and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal a hybrid nature of sp3‐diamond and sp2‐graphene in these nanowalls. The ab‐initio calculations were carried out to support the experimental observations of diamond‐graphene hybrid structure. Finally, this hybrid D‐ECNWs is employed as a cathode in an FEE device resulting in a low turn‐on field of 3.1 V µm−1, a large field enhancement factor, a high FEE Je of 2.6 mA cm−2, and long lifetime stability of 438 min. Such an enhancement in the FEE originates from the unique materials combination, resulting in good electron transport from the graphene phases and efficient FEE of electrons from the sharp edges on the nanowalls. The prospective application of these materials is displayed by employing these hybrids as cathodes in a microplasma device ensuing a low threshold voltage of 160 V and high plasma stability of 140 min, which confirms the role of these hybrid structured nanowalls in the enhancement of electron emission.
Tailorable Capacitive Tactile Sensor Based on Stretchable and Dissolvable Porous Silver Nanowire/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Wearable Human Motion Detection
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Guoxian , Liu Jun , Hou Zhanrui , Meng Chuizhou , Guo Shijie , Liu Changhong , Fan Shoushan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, advanced flexible tactile sensors have been widely studied for human motion detection, which is an essential part of human healthcare monitoring. New types of materials with novel composition and structures play a significant role in sensing performance improvement. Herein, a stretchable and dissolvable porous silver nanowire (Ag NW)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite hydrogel is fabricated through a facile foaming and freezing‐thawing combined approach. The PVA gel is foamed with lots of tailorable micropores to achieve much enhanced stretchability and compressibility. Ag NWs are uniformly embedded inside PVA matrix to increase the permittivity upon introduction of numerous microcapacitors. Incorporated with carbon nanotube network electrodes, a capacitive tactile sensor is developed with high sensitivity (1.9 kPa−1), wide detection range (250 kPa), quick response time (25 ms), and remarkable stability over 10 000 loading/unloading cycles. Wearable sensing demonstration of detecting various human motions is performed. The hydrogel‐based sensor can be dissolved in hot water within minutes with recycling use of electrode material, which is environmentally friendly. A large‐area integrated sensor sheet can be made upon one fabrication process followed by cut into small sensor devices with desired shapes, indicating potential customized mass production. The proposed microporous nanocomposite hydrogel‐based sensor is promising in wearable sensing applications.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Aryl Borrowing Amination of Diaryl Methanols Containing Pyridine‐Directing Groups
Authors: Liu Zheng‐Qiang , Tao Jing , Zhuang Xin , Hong Chuan‐Ming , Luo Zhen , Wu Yu‐Fei , Li Qing‐Hua , Liu Tang‐Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rhodium(III)‐catalyzed aryl borrowing amination of various diaryl methanols with sulfonamides have been developed. The amination of alcohols via C−C bond activation is less developed and remains a challenge. These aryl borrowing reactions feature mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and compatibility with a wide range of alcohols, overall comprising an atom‐ and step‐economic procedure. Mechanistic studies indicate that a rhodacycle complex exist during the aryl borrowing amination reaction.magnified image
How do pinching and plant density affect industrial hemp produced for cannabinoids in open field conditions?
Authors: da Silva Benevenute Sarah , Freeman Joshua H. , Yang Rui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInformation regarding agronomic practices for field‐scale industrial hemp (IH) production for cannabinoids is extremely limited. The objective of this study was to investigate how pinching practice (i.e., removing the apical meristem) and varied plant density affect yield and cannabinoid production of IH in open field conditions. A field trial was performed in northern Florida in 2019 and 2020. The pinching study included pinch and non‐pinch treatments evaluated on two commercially available day‐length–sensitive IH cultivars Cherry Blossom (CBL) and Cherry Wine (CW). Four plant densities (3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 12,000 plants ha–1) were evaluated on CW. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Total flower yield in 2019 was two times greater than in 2020. In 2020, total tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD) in CBL was significantly greater than in CW. Pinching did not significantly improve flower yield, cannabinoid concentration, or CBD production. Flower yield per plant decreased as plant density increased, but a reversed trend occurred for total flower yield per hectare. Cannabinoid concentration was not affected by plant density, but CBD production increased with increased plant density. Due to the high cost of IH plant material and labor, greater plant density does not always guarantee greater economic return. This study provides valuable information for field‐scale cultivation of IH for cannabinoids and supports the development of a large agricultural industry globally.
Digital vascular lesions detected by transillumination
Authors: Pyeritz Reed E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbnormalities of the capillaries of the digits in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia can be detected by shining through a narrow beam of light through the dorsal side and visualizing the vasculature on the palmar side, a procedure termed transillumination. This study was performed to determine if this method can detect digital vascular abnormalities in aortopathies and arteriopathies. Transillumination was performed in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD), vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS), bicuspid aortic valve with aortopathy, and arteriopathies without aortopathy. Subjects with no known vascular disorders were controls. Digital vascular abnormalities were present in some patients with all of the disorders and were especially frequent in MFS, TAAD, and vEDS. All patients had significantly more digital vascular abnormalities than control subjects. Transillumination can detect vascular abnormalities in digits of patients with a variety of conditions with aortopathy or arteriopathy.
Ruthenium‐Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Borasiloxanes in a One‐Pot Manner from Readily Available Silanes and Pinacolborane
Authors: Wu Wei , Chen Jingchao , Qiao Lulin , Lv Haiping , Zhang Fuqin , Zhu Yuanbin , Wu Shiyuan , Fan Baomin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA three‐component reaction of silanes, water and pinacolborane catalyzed by Ru(bpy)3Cl2 has been developed under 20W blue LED irradiation in one‐pot manner. The reaction has offered a convenient and atom economical approach to access the useful borasiloxanes by releasing hydrogen gas as the sole by‐product.
A geometric morphometric assessment of shape variation in adult pelvic morphology
Authors: Cox Samantha L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn humans, the pelvis is the most sexually dimorphic skeletal element and is often utilized in aging and sexing remains. The pelvis has become greatly relied upon in anthropological research (e.g., forensics, demographics, obstetrics, evolutionary history); however, pelvis morphology is highly variable, and very little is known about the nature, sources, patterning, and interpretation of this variation. This study aims to quantify pelvis shape variation, document sexual shape variation, and estimate the plasticity of morphology. This will ultimately give greater ability to interpret modern, archaeological, and evolutionary patterns to gain deeper insight into processes which shape human anatomy.Materials and methodsUsing a sample of 129 Medieval Danish skeletons, shape variation is documented in the greater sciatic notch (GSN), iliac crest (IC), arcuate line (AL), and sub‐pubic angle (SPA) using 3D geometric morphometrics. The landmarking method applied here has the advantage of being applicable to fragmentary remains, rather than requiring whole bones. This allows it to be easily applied to archaeological samples and for the interpretation of separate bone features. Differences in shape were statistically analyzed by principle component analysis, linear discriminate analysis, and morphological disparity. Relationships between maximum femur length, body mass, and shape centroid size were also test by allometric regression.ResultsResults quantify the sexual dimorphism and shape variation present in these features. The GSN shape is the most variable, while the AL is the least. Similarly, the IC is the only feature which shows almost no dimorphism in shape, and instead best reflects lifestyle/activity patterns. Evidence of dimorphism in the IC is likely a result of cultural labor patterns rather than genetic and hormonal influence. Finally, the shapes of the GSN, AL, and SPA are more related to body mass than to femur length, such that individuals with increased mass exhibit more classically “male” shapes and those with less mass have more “female” shapes.DiscussionThe results have important implications for the evolution of pelvic anatomy, and sexual dimorphism, but also highlight the plasticity inherent in pelvic morphology. Analyzing pelvis features separately in a clearly defined, relatively genetically homogenous population gives insight into the determinants of bone morphology, which are not readily observable by other means. The relationship between body mass and shape suggests dimorphism in body size and composition may affect bone shape.
Multiphase Microreactors Based on Liquid–Liquid and Gas–Liquid Dispersions Stabilized by Colloidal Catalytic Particles
Authors: Dedovets Dmytro , Li Qingyuan , Leclercq Loïc , Nardello‐Rataj Veronique , Leng Jacques , Zhao Shuangliang , Pera‐Titus Marc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPickering emulsions, foams, bubbles, and marbles are dispersions of two immiscible liquids or of a liquid and a gas stabilized by surface‐active colloidal particles. These systems can be used for engineering liquid–liquid–solid and gas–liquid–solid microreactors for multiphase reactions. They constitute original platforms for reengineering multiphase reactors towards a higher degree of sustainability. This Review provides a systematic overview on the recent progress of liquid–liquid and gas–liquid dispersions stabilized by solid particles as microreactors for engineering eco‐efficient reactions, with emphasis on biobased reagents. Physicochemical driving parameters, challenges, and strategies to (de)stabilize dispersions for product recovery/catalyst recycling are discussed. Advanced concepts such as cascade and continuous flow reactions, compartmentalization of incompatible reagents, and multiscale computational methods for accelerating particle discovery are also addressed.
Anti‐Aromaticity Relief as an Approach to Stabilize Free Radicals
Authors: Zhang Rui , Ellern Arkady , Winter Arthur H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new strategy to stabilize free radicals electronically is described by conjugating formally antiaromatic substituents to the free radical. With an antiaromatic substituent, the radical acts as an electron sink to allow configuration mixing of a low‐energy zwitterionic state that provides antiaromaticity relief to the substituent. A combination of X‐ray crystallography, VT‐EPR and VT‐UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as computational analysis, was used to investigate this phenomenon. We find that this strategy of antiaromaticity relief is successful at stabilizing radicals, but only if the antiaromatic substituent is constrained to be planar by synthetically imposed conformational restraints that enable state mixing. This work leads to the counterintuitive finding that increasing the antiaromaticity of the radical substituent leads to greater radical stability, providing proof of concept for a new stereoelectronic approach for stabilizing free radicals.
Luminescent Metal‐Phenolic Networks for Multicolor Particle Labeling
Authors: Lin Zhixing , Zhou Jiajing , Qu Yijiao , Pan Shuaijun , Han Yiyuan , Lafleur René P. M. , Chen Jingqu , Cortez‐Jugo Christina , Richardson Joseph J. , Caruso Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of fluorescence labeling techniques has attracted widespread interest in various fields, including biomedical science as it can facilitate high‐resolution imaging and the spatiotemporal understanding of various biological processes. We report a supramolecular fluorescence labeling strategy using luminescent metal‐phenolic networks (MPNs) constructed from metal ions, phenolic ligands, and common and commercially available dyes. The rapid labeling process (<5 min) produces ultrathin coatings (≈10 nm) on diverse particles (e.g., organic, inorganic, and biological entities) with customized luminescence (e.g., red, blue, multichromatic, and white light) simply through the selection of fluorophores. The fluorescent coatings are stable at pH values from 1 to 8 and in complex biological media owing to the dominant π interactions between the dyes and MPNs. These coatings exhibit negligible cytotoxicity and their strong fluorescence is retained even when internalized into intracellular compartments. This strategy is expected to provide a versatile approach for fluorescence labeling with potential in diverse fields across the physical and life sciences.
Construction of A High‐Flux Protein Transport Channel Inspired by the Nuclear Pore Complex
Authors: Yang Lei , Cheng Ming , Quan Jiaxin , Zhang Siyun , Liu Lu , Johnson Robert P. , Zhang Fan , Li Haibing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInspired by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), herein we have established a biomimetic high‐flux protein delivery system via the ingenious introduction of pillar[5]arene‐based host–guest system into one side of artificial hour‐glass shaped nanochannel. With a transport flux of 660 lysozymes per minute, the system provides efficient high‐flux protein transport at a rate which is significantly higher than that of an unmodified nanochannel and conventional bilateral symmetrical modified nanochannels. In view of these promising results, the use of artificial nanochannel to improve protein transport not only presents a new potential chemical model for biological research and better understanding of protein transport behavior in the living systems, but also provides a high‐flux protein transporter device, which may have applications in the design of protein drug release systems, protein separation systems and microfluidics in the near future.