bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphological approach to evaluating the nature of vineyard soils in semiarid Mediterranean environment
Authors: Jiménez‐Ballesta Raimundo , Bravo Sandra , Amorós Jose A. , Pérez‐de‐los‐Reyes Caridad , García‐Pradas Jesús , Sanchez Monica , García‐Navarro Francisco J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLa Mancha (Central Spain) is one of the most extensive vineyard regions in the world, and ‘Valdepeñas’ is a representative Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) in this region. However, what are their main soil types? what kind of horizons are the most common? and what is the role of the geomorphological positions in their pedodiversity? After describing and sampling 90 soil profiles in this area, Alfisols, Inceptisols and Entisols were mainly identified in Soil Taxonomy terms; in other words, Luvisols, Cambisols, Regosols, Leptosols and a highly significant proportion of Calcisols according to FAO‐UNESCO‐ISSS. The accumulation of carbonate, the thickness of which varies from a diffuse or powdery form to crusted forms, appear sometimes like polycyclic. The presence of red soils, with or without a calcic or petrocalcic horizon, indicates the most representative edaphic stages in this region. Consequently, the morphological signature is calcic or petrocalcic, followed by argillic and/or cambic horizons, under ochric horizons. It can be concluded that the nature of soils in Valdepeñas can be considered a differential factor to bear in mind for quality viticultural production.HighlightsThere are unknown conceptual zones in support production of wine.A comprehensive study in a local case was performed due to its traditional production of vineyards.This study highlights the importance and uniqueness of the calcic and petrocalcic horizons.A disconnect exists between some tradicional viticultural zones with low reputation and the real value of their soils.
Evaluating methods for controlling feral cats that minimise non‐target impacts at Taunton National Park (Scientific)
Authors: Augusteyn John , Nolan Barry 
Published: December 2021

SummaryFeral Cat (Felis catus) (cat) is a predator of the Bridled Nail‐Tailed Wallaby (BNTW) (Onychogalea frenata) living at Taunton National Park (Scientific) (Taunton). The aim of this study was to determine if traps and poison baits could be used to control feral cats without impacting non‐target species at Taunton. The techniques trialled included poison fresh meat baits and several types of traps presented in different ways and with various lures. Thirty‐one percent of fresh meat baits was taken during bait uptake trials; corvids removed 40% of these and dogs removed 16%. Cats were not detected, on camera traps, taking a bait. The elevated soft‐jaw traps (81 trap nights/cat) and single‐entry cage traps (98 trap nights/cat) were found to be the most successful of all the trap types trialled and had low amounts of by‐catch. Other trap types trialled took more than 166 trap nights to catch a cat. The elevated soft‐jaw trap configurations had the lowest amount of by‐catch (avg. 0.33%), and the log trap had the highest amount of by‐catch (1%). Ground‐set traps successfully trapped cats (305 trap nights/cat) but caught more by‐catch (0.9%) compared to the elevated soft‐jaw trap types and most wallabies caught in these traps had to be euthanised.
The severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms is higher in early‐onset than late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Falgàs Neus , Allen Isabel E. , Spina Salvatore , Grant Harli , Piña Escudero Stefanie D. , Merrilees Jennifer , Gearhart Rosalie , Rosen Howard J. , Kramer Joel H. , Seeley William W. , Neylan Thomas C. , Miller Bruce L. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Grinberg Lea T. , Walsh Christine M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe faster rates of cognitive decline and predominance of atypical forms in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) suggest that neuropsychiatric symptoms could be different in EOAD compared to late‐onset AD (LOAD); however, prior studies based on non‐biomarker‐diagnosed cohorts show discordant results. Our goal was to determine the profile of neuropsychiatric symptoms in EOAD and LOAD, in a cohort with biomarker/postmortem‐confirmed diagnoses. Additionally, the contribution of co‐pathologies was explored.MethodsIn all, 219 participants (135 EOAD, 84 LOAD) meeting National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association criteria for AD (115 amyloid positron emission tomography/cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, 104 postmortem diagnosis) at the University of California San Francisco were evaluated. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory—Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) was assessed at baseline and during follow‐up. The NPI‐Q mean comparisons and regression models adjusted by cognitive (Mini‐Mental State Examination) and functional status (Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes) were performed to determine the effect of EOAD/LOAD and amnestic/non‐amnestic diagnosis on NPI‐Q. Regression models assessing the effect of co‐pathologies on NPI‐Q were performed.ResultsAt baseline, the NPI‐Q scores were higher in EOAD compared to LOAD (p < 0.05). Longitudinally, regression models showed a significant effect of diagnosis, where EOAD had higher NPI‐Q total, anxiety, motor disturbances and night‐time behavior scores (p < 0.05). No differences between amnestics/non‐amnestics were found. Argyrophilic grain disease co‐pathology predicted a higher severity of NPI‐Q scores in LOAD.ConclusionsAnxiety, night‐time behaviors and motor disturbances are more severe in EOAD than LOAD across the disease course. The differential patterns of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed between EOAD/LOAD could suggest a pattern of selective vulnerability extending to the brain's subcortical structures. Further, co‐pathologies such as argyrophilic grain disease in LOAD may also play a role in increasing neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Effect of thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom‐to‐top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk‐fill composites
Authors: Santin Daniella Cristo , Velo Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos , Camim Francielly da Silva , Brondino Nair Cristina Margarido , Honório Heitor Marques , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of the material thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom‐to‐top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk‐fill composites. Six commercial composites were selected based on their different technologies: Two conventional (C1, C2), two high‐viscosity bulk‐fill (HVB1, HVB2), and two low‐viscosity bulk‐fill (LVB1, LVB2). Shrinkage stress was analyzed for five specimens with 2 mm thickness (C‐factor 0.75 and volume 24 mm3) and five specimens with 4 mm thickness (C‐factor 0.375 and volume 48 mm3) for 300 s in a universal testing machine. Bottom‐to‐top hardness ratio values were obtained from Knoop microhardness measurements in specimens with 2‐ and 4‐mm thickness (n = 5). Thickness increase resulted in significantly higher shrinkage stress for all materials with the exception of HVB2 and LVB1. C1, C2, HVB2, and LVB1 showed lower bottom‐to‐top hardness ratios at 4 mm than at 2 mm. Only LVB2 presented a bottom‐to‐top hardness ratio lower than 80% at 2 mm, while HVB1 surpassed this threshold at 4 mm of depth. The results suggest that the increase of composite thickness affected the shrinkage stress values. Also, thickness increase resulted in lower bottom‐to‐top hardness ratio. HVB1 showed better behavior than other bulk‐fill materials, with low stress and adequate bottom‐to‐top hardness ratio at 4 mm thickness.
Long‐term effect of curcuminoid treatment on resin‐to‐dentin bond strength
Authors: Tekbas Atay Meltem , Seseogullari‐Dirihan Roda , Mutluay Mustafa Murat , Tezvergil‐Mutluay Arzu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEndogenous dentin proteases contribute to the degradation of collagen fibrils in the hybrid layer. Recently, inhibition of host‐derived proteases by curcuminoids has shown promising results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcuminoid treatment on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) after 24 h or 12 months of storage. Fifty‐four extracted sound human molars were flattened to mid‐coronal dentin and divided into nine groups. After phosphoric acid‐etching for 15 s, the dentin was experimentally treated for 60 s using 100 μM or 200 μM of curcumin, diflourobenzocurcumin, or demethoxycurcumin dissolved in 1% and 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water solutions. Untreated and DMSO‐treated groups served as controls. After bonding agent application, each tooth was restored with dental composite. The molars were sectioned into 0.9 × 0.9 × 6 mm beams. The μTBS testing was performed after 24 h and 12 months of storage in artificial saliva. Data were analyzed using regression analyses. Failure patterns were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Dentin treatment with curcuminoids did not adversely affect 24‐h μTBS compared to controls. After 12 months, the μTBS of curcuminoid groups was statistically significantly higher than the controls. This study indicates the feasibility of using curcuminoids as protease inhibitors.
Tranexamic acid inhibits melanogenesis partially via stimulation of TGF‐β1 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Xing Xiaoxue , Xu Zhongyi , Chen Li , Jin Shanglin , Zhang Chengfeng , Xiang Leihong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOral tranexamic acid (TA) has been an effective treatment for melasma with unclear mechanism. The present study aimed to demonstrate the effect of TA on melanogenesis via regulation of TGF‐β1 expression in keratinocytes. We firstly determined the expression level of TGF‐β1 in TA‐treated keratinocyte‐conditioned medium (KCM). Then, the mRNA and protein levels of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TRP‐1) of human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) in the presence of TA‐treated KCM were evaluated via RT‐PCR and western blot analysis. Moreover, melanin content and tyrosinase activity were quantified. TGF‐β1 gene was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in keratinocytes. The mRNA and protein levels of TGF‐β1 in keratinocytes were significantly increased after TA treatment. Melanin contents, tyrosinase activity, protein and mRNA levels of TYR, MITF and TRP‐1 were downregulated in NHEMs in the presence of TA‐treated KCM. Knockdown of TGF‐β1 in keratinocytes could attenuate the inhibitory effect of TA‐treated KCM on melanogenesis. TA could stimulate TGF‐β1 expression in keratinocytes, which further inhibits melanogenesis through the paracrine signalling.
Novel PTCH1 and concurrent TP53 mutations in four patients with numerous non‐syndromic basal cell carcinomas: The paradigm of oncogenic synergy
Authors: Dasgeb Bahar , Pajouhanfar Sara , Jazayeri Ali , Schoenberg Elizabeth , Kumar Gaurav , Fortina Paolo , Berger Adam C. , Uitto Jouni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere has been a significant increase in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) incidence, the most common cancer in humans and the age of presentation with the first diagnosis of BCC has decreased in past decades. In this study, we investigated the possibility of genetic markers that can lead to earlier and closer observation of patients at high risk for development of multiple BCCs. The overall goal is to decrease the morbidity and the economic burden of diagnosis and treatment of recurring and/or advanced BCCs. Four patients with numerous BCCs, some of them exceptionally large, were included in this study. A sample of representative BCCs, normal non–sun‐exposed skin and blood samples were obtained from each patient. Whole‐exome sequencing of DNA was conducted on all samples, and a series of bioinformatics filtering was performed to identify potentially pathogenic sequence variants. The analysis of the data resulted in detection of oncogenic mutations in PTCH1, two of which being novel, and concurrent mutations in TP53 in BCC tumours of all four patients. Such mutations may explain the numerous and postexcision recurring nature of the BCCs of exceptionally large size observed in all these patients, and they can be suggested to serve as a genetic marker for high‐risk patients for early detection, prognostication and close follow‐up.
Beyond bulk: Density fractions explain heterogeneity in global soil carbon abundance and persistence
Authors: Heckman Katherine , Hicks Pries Caitlin E. , Lawrence Corey R. , Rasmussen Craig , Crow Susan E. , Hoyt Alison M. , von Fromm Sophie F. , Shi Zheng , Stoner Shane , McGrath Casey , Beem‐Miller Jeffrey , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Blankinship Joseph C. , Keiluweit Marco , Marín‐Spiotta Erika , Monroe J. Grey , Plante Alain F. , Schimel Joshua , Sierra Carlos A. , Thompson Aaron , Wagai Rota 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the controls on the amount and persistence of soil organic carbon (C) is essential for predicting its sensitivity to global change. The response may depend on whether C is unprotected, isolated within aggregates, or protected from decomposition by mineral associations. Here, we present a global synthesis of the relative influence of environmental factors on soil organic C partitioning among pools, abundance in each pool (mg C g−1 soil), and persistence (as approximated by radiocarbon abundance) in relatively unprotected particulate and protected mineral‐bound pools. We show that C within particulate and mineral‐associated pools consistently differed from one another in degree of persistence and relationship to environmental factors. Soil depth was the best predictor of C abundance and persistence, though it accounted for more variance in persistence. Persistence of all C pools decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) throughout the soil profile, whereas persistence increased with increasing wetness index (MAP/PET) in subsurface soils (30–176 cm). The relationship of C abundance (mg C g−1 soil) to climate varied among pools and with depth. Mineral‐associated C in surface soils (<30 cm) increased more strongly with increasing wetness index than the free particulate C, but both pools showed attenuated responses to the wetness index at depth. Overall, these relationships suggest a strong influence of climate on soil C properties, and a potential loss of soil C from protected pools in areas with decreasing wetness. Relative persistence and abundance of C pools varied significantly among land cover types and soil parent material lithologies. This variability in each pool's relationship to environmental factors suggests that not all soil organic C is equally vulnerable to global change. Therefore, projections of future soil organic C based on patterns and responses of bulk soil organic C may be misleading.
Mismatch‐induced growth reductions in a clade of Arctic‐breeding shorebirds are rarely mitigated by increasing temperatures
Authors: Lameris Thomas K. , Tomkovich Pavel S. , Johnson James A. , Morrison R. I. Guy , Tulp Ingrid , Lisovski Simeon , DeCicco Lucas , Dementyev Maksim , Gill Robert E. , ten Horn Job , Piersma Theunis , Pohlen Zachary , Schekkerman Hans , Soloviev Mikhail , Syroechkovsky Evgeny E. , Zhemchuzhnikov Mikhail K. , van Gils Jan A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn seasonal environments subject to climate change, organisms typically show phenological changes. As these changes are usually stronger in organisms at lower trophic levels than those at higher trophic levels, mismatches between consumers and their prey may occur during the consumers’ reproduction period. While in some species a trophic mismatch induces reductions in offspring growth, this is not always the case. This variation may be caused by the relative strength of the mismatch, or by mitigating factors like increased temperature‐reducing energetic costs. We investigated the response of chick growth rate to arthropod abundance and temperature for six populations of ecologically similar shorebirds breeding in the Arctic and sub‐Arctic (four subspecies of Red KnotCalidris canutus, Great KnotC.tenuirostrisand SurfbirdC.virgata). In general, chicks experienced growth benefits (measured as a condition index) when hatching before the seasonal peak in arthropod abundance, and growth reductions when hatching after the peak. The moment in the season at which growth reductions occurred varied between populations, likely depending on whether food was limiting growth before or after the peak. Higher temperatures led to faster growth on average, but could only compensate for increasing trophic mismatch for the population experiencing the coldest conditions. We did not find changes in the timing of peaks in arthropod availability across the study years, possibly because our series of observations was relatively short; timing of hatching displayed no change over the years either. Our results suggest that a trend in trophic mismatches may not yet be evident; however, we show Arctic‐breeding shorebirds to be vulnerable to this phenomenon and vulnerability to depend on seasonal prey dynamics.
Comparing China’s urban aviation and innovation networks
Authors: Guan Mingming , Wu Siyu , Liu Chengliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo date, comparative research of multiple urban networks are constantly emerging, but the relationship between virtual networks and physical networks still remains a riddle to be discovered. To step into this field, we used flight data and patent transaction data of prefecture‐level cities in China from 2010 to 2015 to construct the aviation network and the innovation network. After conducting a comparative study, we found that the structure of these two networks is different: the aviation network is a “hub‐and‐spoke network” structure while the innovation network is a diamond‐shaped structure; the spatial organization pattern of the aviation network is decentralized, while the innovation network shows a high geographic agglomeration; furthermore, the connectivity of the aviation network contributes to the balanced regional development, but that of the innovation network shows a preferred trend, with more concentration given to the development of eastern China. Finally, we also found that the innovation network and the aviation network are not completely interdependent, which reveals that the coupling relationship between the “virtual network” and the “physical network” in the urban network is also affected by other factors.
‘I just thought that it was such an impossible thing’: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to discontinuing long‐term use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Lynch Tom , Ryan Cristín , Cadogan Cathal A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionExisting interventions to reduce long‐term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use lack theoretical underpinning and detailed descriptions. This creates difficulties in understanding how interventions work and how to replicate them in practice. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) can be used to identify behaviour change determinants to target during intervention development.ObjectiveTo explore barriers and facilitators to discontinuing BZRA use from the perspective of both current and previous long‐term BZRA users.Design/Setting and ParticipantsSemistructured TDF‐based interviews were conducted with community‐based individuals with current or previous experience of long‐term BZRA use. Data were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the framework method.ResultsTwenty‐eight individuals were interviewed. Despite commonalities in perceived barriers/facilitators to discontinuing BZRA use within individual TDF domains, individual participants had different experiences of identified determinants of BZRA discontinuation. For example, both similarities and differences existed within and between each participant group in terms of knowledge of the appropriate duration of BZRA use (‘Knowledge’ domain) and experience of withdrawal symptoms (‘Reinforcement’ domain). Compared to previous users, current users typically anticipated more barriers to discontinuing BZRA use and fewer positive consequences of discontinuation.ConclusionThis study reports on barriers and facilitators to discontinuing BZRA use from the perspectives of current and previous long‐term users. The findings highlight the challenging nature of BZRA discontinuation and a multitude of barriers that impact participants’ behaviour regarding BZRA use. Future work will involve developing a theory‐based intervention to support BZRA discontinuation in primary care.Patient ContributionThe study included patients as participants.
Present status and future directions: Endodontic management of traumatic injuries to permanent teeth
Authors: Krastl Gabriel , Weiger Roland , Ebeleseder Kurt , Galler Kerstin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of traumatized teeth depends largely on the fate of the pulp and its treatment. This review aims to update the present status on the endodontic management of traumatic injuries to permanent teeth and to identify relevant research areas that could contribute to an improvement in diagnosis and treatment of traumatized permanent teeth. Future research should pay greater attention to (1) diagnostic methods to assess the perfusion of the pulp and enhance detection of tooth cracks and initial signs of root resorption; (2) improved materials for vital pulp treatment; (3) studies focusing on type and duration of splinting after root fractures; (4) antiresorptive intracanal medication in case of posttraumatic pulp necrosis and infection‐related resorption and (5) long‐term data on the apical barrier technique compared to revitalization.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the physical properties of NiTi instruments and their fracture characteristics
Authors: Schäfer Edgar , Bürklein Sebastian , Donnermeyer David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the physical properties (surface hardness, cutting efficiency, bending properties, flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance) of NiTi instruments. Frequently used experimental models regarding these aspects will be presented and discussed with regard to their strengths and weaknesses. For all these aspects, a plethora of experimental models have been described. Based on a critical appraisal and especially taking the appropriate translation of experimental findings to clinical endodontics into account, suggestions for future research based on clearly defined and valid experimental methodologies will be provided.Up to now, very few attempts have been made to assess which particular physical properties of NiTi instruments exert an impact on the clinical outcome of root canal treatment. Departure from merely focusing on physical properties and fracture characteristics towards more biological aspects in terms of treatment outcome is essential.
Posttreatment of powder aerosol deposited oxide ceramic films by high power LED
Authors: Nazarenus Tobias , Schlesier Kira , Biberger Simon , Exner Jörg , Kita Jaroslaw , Köhler Anna , Moos Ralf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe powder aerosol deposition (PAD) method is becoming increasingly important as an energetically advantageous coating method compared to classic ceramic technologies. However, due to the process‐related lattice deformation, ceramic coatings often exhibit reduced functional properties in the as‐deposited state. A thermal posttreatment at temperatures well below the sintering temperature can significantly reduce the lattice deformation and the stress within the film to restore the functional film properties close to sintered bulk samples. In this work, the optothermal posttreatment of PAD films using three different high‐power light emitting diodes (HP‐LED) with different wavelengths within the visible light spectrum is investigated as an alternative to time‐consuming furnace or energy‐intensive laser processes on the example of thermoelectric CuFe0.98Sn0.02O2 films. We demonstrate that the space‐saving LED‐based posttreatment not only restores the film properties but also significantly reduces the required processing time to a few seconds.