bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyriproxyfen Ingested With Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits Is Carried by the Feces and Reduces the Reproductive Potential of Adult FemaleAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Silva Tarsis Tamar Pereira , Teixeira Aurea Vieira , Silva Alexandre de Almeida e 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the search for new strategies to control Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae), several studies have successfully related pyriproxyfen (PPF) tarsal transference to breeding sites (autodissemination), as well as the sterilization potential of females exposed to PPF. Potential PPF autodissemination by mosquito feces after the ingestion of sugar baits has also been proposed. Therefore, the present work evaluated several parameters, e.g., fecal production, residuality under dry and aqueous conditions, PPF excretion affecting emergence inhibition (EI) by fecal deposits of Ae. aegypti fed with attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) containing PPF as well as their reproductive potential. Females were fed with ATSBs offered as droplets and the feces were collected using filter paper and transferred to plastic cups with L3 larvae to evaluate EI. The residual effect of feces in aqueous and dry conditions and PPF excretion on EI was obtained by keeping the feces in water or dried for different time intervals and using feces collected at 24-h intervals, respectively. Females received a bloodmeal after feeding on ATSBs, eggs and larval counting expressed the reproductive potential. The fecal mass was not affected by PPF concentration, but EI increased from 33 to 54% as the PPF concentration increased. The PPF excretion in the feces exceeded 96 h. The residual effect in the EI for feces kept in water was reduced by more than 60% after 30 d but was not affected under dry conditions. The fecundity and fertility of the females were reduced up to 51% and 97%, respectively.
Relative Efficiency of Drag Fabrics for Collection of Blacklegged Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) Larvae, Nymphs, and Adults
Authors: Simmons Thomas W , Welch Emily N , Manges Anna B , Peters Nathan A , Duchamp Joseph E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say) vectors several bacterial, protozoan, and viral human pathogens. The known distribution, abundance, and phenology of I. scapularis within its estimated range are incomplete. This gap in knowledge is problematic because these factors are important for determining acarological risk of exposure to infected ticks. Consequently, enhanced surveillance of I. scapularis is being promoted and supported in the United States. Although the most common method for collecting I. scapularis is by dragging a sturdy cloth along the ground, there are no published empirical data showing which drag fabric is most effective. We used a randomized block design to directly compare the relative efficiencies of canvas, corduroy, and flannel drags for the collection of larval, nymphal, and adult I. scapularis. Overall, flannel was the most effective fabric and canvas was the least effective. Significantly more adults were collected on flannel than on canvas or corduroy, and the same number of nymphs was collected on flannel and corduroy. Significantly more larvae were collected on flannel than on canvas, but one-third of larvae could not be removed from the former fabric by lint-rolling, and handpicking was difficult. Our findings support the use of flannel drags to maximize sampling effort for collection of I. scapularis, especially adults to determine the presence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens when density and infection prevalence are low, with the caveat that detection and removal of larvae are time-consuming.
Redshifted 21-cm bispectrum – II. Impact of the spin temperature fluctuations and redshift space distortions on the signal from the Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Kamran Mohd , Ghara Raghunath , Majumdar Suman , Mondal Rajesh , Mellema Garrelt , Bharadwaj Somnath , Pritchard Jonathan R , Iliev Ilian T 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the 21-cm signal bispectrum (which quantifies the non-Gaussianity in the signal) from the Cosmic Dawn (CD). For our analysis, we have simulated the 21-cm signal using radiative transfer code grizzly, while considering two types of sources (mini-QSOs and HMXBs) for Ly α coupling and the X-ray heating of the IGM. Using this simulated signal, we have, for the first time, estimated the CD 21-cm bispectra for all unique k-triangles and for a range of k modes. We observe that the redshift evolution of the bispectrum magnitude and sign follow a generic trend for both source models. However, the redshifts at which the bispectrum magnitude reaches their maximum and minimum values and show their sign reversal depends on the source model. When the Ly α coupling and the X-ray heating of the IGM occur simultaneously, we observe two consecutive sign reversals in the bispectra for small k-triangles (irrespective of the source models). One arising at the beginning of the IGM heating and the other at the end of Ly α-coupling saturation. This feature can be used in principle to constrain the CD history and/or to identify the specific CD scenarios. We also quantify the impact of the spin temperature (TS) fluctuations on the bispectra. We find that TS fluctuations have maximum impact on the bispectrum magnitude for small k-triangles and at the stage when Ly α coupling reaches saturation. Furthermore, we are also the first to quantify the impact of redshift space distortions (RSD), on the CD bispectra. We find that the impact of RSD on the CD 21-cm bispectra is significant ($\gt 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and the level depends on the stages of the CD and the k-triangles for which the bispectra are being estimated.
Meteoritic amino acids as chemical tracers of parent-body chemistries
Authors: Ellinger Y , Lattelais M , Pauzat F , Guillemin J-C , Zanda B 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The analysis of the organic matter of meteorites made it possible to identify over 70 amino acids (AA), including 8 of those found in living organisms. However, their relative abundances vary drastically with the type of the carbonaceous chondrite, even for isomers of same chemical formula. In this report, we address the question whether this difference may have its origin in the relative stability of these isomers according to the conditions they experienced when they were formed and after. To this end, we rely on the fact that for most of the species observed so far in the interstellar medium (ISM), the most abundant isomer of a given generic chemical formula is the most stable one (minimum energy principle, MEP). Using quantum density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we investigate the relative stability of the lowest energy isomers of alanine (Ala) and amino butyric acid (ABA) in the neutral, protonated, and zwitterionic structures together with corresponding nitrile precursors. It is shown that β-alanine and γ-ABA are the most stable in a protonated form, whereas α-AA are the most stable in the zwitterionic and nitrile structures. The different composition of the carbonaceous chondrites CIs and CMs could be linked to the chemical context of the aqueous alterations of the parent bodies.
Statistical tracing of turbulent magnetic fields in the optically thick interstellar medium
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Jian-Fu , Lazarian Alex , de Medeiros José Renan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Based on high-resolution 3D data cubes from a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence simulation, we study how to reveal the direction of the magnetic field within the optically thick interstellar medium by using the velocity gradient technique (VGT), correlation function anisotropy (CFA), and principal component analysis of anisotropies (PCAA). Considering the CO molecular tracers as a tracing method for radiative transfer processes, we find that the VGT and CFA can successfully trace the orientation of mean magnetic fields, which is in good agreement with the low-resolution numerical results obtained in the case of an optically thin medium. Similar to the simulation of an optically thin ISM, our simulations show that PCCA is still unusable in optically thick media. The synergetic application of the VGT and CFA to high-resolution spectroscopic observations is expected to yield valuable information on the interstellar magnetic field.
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: a catalogue of strong galaxy–galaxy lens candidates
Authors: Talbot Michael S , Brownstein Joel R , Dawson Kyle S , Kneib Jean-Paul , Bautista Julian 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We spectroscopically detected 838 likely, 448 probable, and 265 possible strong lens candidates within ≈2 million galaxy spectra contained within the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) from the sixteenth data release (DR16) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We apply the spectroscopic detection method of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Emission-Line Lens Survey (BELLS) and add Gaussian fit information, grading, additional inspection observables, and additional inspection methods to improve our selection method. We observed 477 candidates with lensing evidence within low-resolution images from both the Legacy survey of SDSS-I/II and the DESI Legacy survey, which is $12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ higher than the percentage of BELLS candidates observed with similar lensing evidence. Our search within the latest and improved reductions of the BOSS survey yielded a $20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ increase in the number of lens candidates expected from searching all BOSS and eBOSS galaxies. The distribution of target and background redshifts of our candidates is similar to the candidates and confirmed lenses within the BELLS observations. We present our Spectroscopic Identification of Lensing Object candidates in a value-added catalogue in SDSS DR16. The examination of these lens candidates in follow-up high-resolution imaging may yield more than twice the lenses found in previous spectroscopic detection surveys within SDSS, which would extend the results of previous lens surveys within SDSS to higher redshifts, constrain models of mass structures in spiral galaxies, and test if including the identification of possible lensing features within low-resolution images has merit to spectroscopic detection programmes.
Size, shade, or shape? The contribution of galaxies of different types to the star formation history of the Universe from SDSS-IV MaNGA
Authors: Peterken Thomas , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Merrifield Michael , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Boardman Nicholas F , Domínguez Sánchez Helena , Bizyaev Dmitry , Drory Niv , Pan Kaike , Brownstein Joel R 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
By fitting stellar populations to the fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey observations of ∼7000 suitably weighted individual galaxies, we reconstruct the star formation history of the Universe, which we find to be in reasonable agreement with previous studies. Dividing the galaxies by their present-day stellar mass, we demonstrate the downsizing phenomenon, whereby the more massive galaxies hosted the most star formation at earlier times. Further dividing the galaxy sample by colour and morphology, we find that a galaxy’s present-day colour tells us more about its historical contribution to the cosmic star formation history than its current morphology. We show that downsizing effects are greatest among galaxies currently in the blue cloud, but that the level of downsizing in galaxies of different morphologies depends quite sensitively on the morphological classification used, due largely to the difficulty in classifying the smaller low-mass galaxies from their ground-based images. Nevertheless, we find agreement that among galaxies with stellar masses $M_{\star } \gt 6\times 10^{9}\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$, downsizing is most significant in spirals. However, there are complicating factors. For example, for more massive galaxies, we find that colour and morphology are predictors of the past star formation over a longer time-scale than in less massive systems. Presumably this effect is reflecting the longer period of evolution required to alter these larger galaxies’ physical properties, but shows that conclusions based on any single property do not tell the full story.
X-ray observations of the nova shell IPHASX J210204.7+471015
Authors: Toalá J A , Rubio G , Santamaría E , Guerrero M A , Estrada-Dorado S , Ramos-Larios G , Sabin L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of XMM–Newton European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) observations of the nova shell IPHASX J210204.7+471015. We detect X-ray emission from the progenitor binary star with properties that resemble those of underluminous intermediate polars such as DQ Herculis (DQ Her): an X-ray-emitting plasma with temperature of TX = (6.4 ± 3.1) × 106 K, a non-thermal X-ray component, and an estimated X-ray luminosity of LX = 1030 erg s−1. Time series analyses unveil the presence of two periods, the dominant with a period of 2.9 ± 0.2 h, which might be attributed to the spin of the white dwarf, and a secondary of 4.5 ± 0.6 h that is in line with the orbital period of the binary system derived from optical observations. We do not detect extended X-ray emission as in other nova shells probably due to its relatively old age (130–170 yr) or to its asymmetric disrupted morphology that is suggestive of explosion scenarios different to the symmetric ones assumed in available numerical simulations of nova explosions.
A Planck-selected dusty proto-cluster at z = 2.16 associated with a strong overdensity of massive Hα-emitting galaxies
Authors: Koyama Yusei , Polletta Maria del Carmen , Tanaka Ichi , Kodama Tadayuki , Dole Hervé , Soucail Geneviève , Frye Brenda , Lehnert Matthew , Scodeggio Marco 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We have discovered an overdensity of Hα-emitting galaxies associated with a Planck compact source in the COSMOS field (PHz G237.0+42.5) through narrow-band imaging observations with the Subaru Multi-Object InfraRed Camera and Spectrograph (MOIRCS). This Planck-selected dusty proto-cluster at z = 2.16 has 38 Hα emitters including six spectroscopically confirmed galaxies in the observed MOIRCS 4 × 7 arcmin2 field (corresponding to ∼2.0 × 3.5 Mpc2 in the physical scale). We find that massive Hα emitters with log (M⋆/M⊙) &gt;10.5 are strongly clustered in the core of the proto-cluster (within ∼300 kpc from the density peak of the Hα emitters). Most of the Hα emitters in this proto-cluster lie along the star-forming main sequence using Hα-based estimates of the star formation rate (SFR). Meanwhile, the cluster total SFRs derived by integrating the Hα-based SFRs is an order of magnitude smaller than those estimated from Planck/Herschel far-infrared photometry. Our results suggest that Hα is a good observable for detecting moderately star-forming galaxies and for tracing the large-scale environment in and around high-redshift dusty proto-clusters. However, there is a possibility that a large fraction of star formation could be obscured by dust and undetected in Hα observations.
The Potential Effectiveness of COVID-Related Smoking Cessation Messages in Three Countries
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Jun Min , Roberts Ian , Nallaiah Kellie , Bullen Chris , Rodgers Anthony 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Health authorities are advising smokers to quit to reduce their COVID-related risk. The types of messages that may be effective in alerting smokers to this risk and encouraging a quit attempt are unknown. The aim of this study was to test a series of messages to identify potentially effective communication approaches.

Methods
An online survey was completed by 1509 smokers across three countries (Australia: n = 604; New Zealand: n = 304; United Kingdom: n = 601) in April–May 2020. Respondents were randomly assigned to view just one of four quit messages, two of which explicitly referred to the coronavirus, one referred to risk of chest infection, and one encouraged cessation for financial reasons. Outcome variables included quit intentions, further information seeking, message perceptions, and health and financial concerns.

Results
All four messages were associated with significant differences in the proportions of respondents intending to quit within the following 2 wk (increase range: 11%–34%) and with substantial proportions of respondents electing to access additional information (range: 37%–50%). The differences in intentions were significantly larger for the two health-related messages that specifically mentioned the coronavirus. All messages were perceived favorably in terms of acceptability, believability, effectiveness, and personal relevance. Negligible differences in health and financial concerns were observed.

Conclusions
Smokers in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom appear likely to be receptive to messages about their COVID-related risk. Such messages have the potential to increase quit intentions and prompt information-seeking behaviors.

Implications
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an opportunity to encourage smokers to quit to reduce both their COVID-related risks and their risks of a broad range of noncommunicable diseases.
Persistent Symptoms in Patients Recovering From COVID-19 in Denmark
Authors: Leth Steffen , Gunst Jesper Damsgaard , Mathiasen Victor , Hansen Kristoffer , Søgaard Ole , Østergaard Lars , Jensen-Fangel Søren , Storgaard Merete , Agergaard Jane 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Although persistent symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are emerging as a major complication to the infection, data on the diversity and duration of symptoms are needed.

Methods
Patients aged ≥18 years with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who were hospitalized at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, in the period from March 11 to May 15 were offered follow-up after hospitalization. On admission, a comprehensive symptom and medical history was collected, including demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, comorbidities, and concomitant medications. At discharge, patients were offered follow-up consultations—either by telephone or at an in-person visit—at 6 and 12 weeks at our post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic to assess whether symptoms present at admission had resolved.

Results
During the inclusion period, 71 patients were admitted with COVID-19. Of these, 10 patients died, 3 were transferred to another region, 4 declined to participate, and 5 were lost to follow-up before the 12-week evaluation. Thus, 49 patients were included. Overall, 96% reported 1 or more persisting symptoms at 12-week follow-up. The main symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea, cough, chemosensory dysfunction, and headache.

Conclusions
A wide range of persistent symptoms in patients recovering from COVID-19 were present 12 weeks after hospitalization, calling for larger descriptive studies and interdisciplinary research collaborations.
Co-expression networks in Chlamydomonas reveal significant rhythmicity in batch cultures and empower gene function discovery
Authors: Salomé Patrice A , Merchant Sabeeha S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a choice reference system for the study of photosynthesis and chloroplast metabolism, cilium assembly and function, lipid and starch metabolism, and metal homeostasis. Despite decades of research, the functions of thousands of genes remain largely unknown, and new approaches are needed to categorically assign genes to cellular pathways. Growing collections of transcriptome and proteome data now allow a systematic approach based on integrative co-expression analysis. We used a dataset comprising 518 deep transcriptome samples derived from 58 independent experiments to identify potential co-expression relationships between genes. We visualized co-expression potential with the R package corrplot, to easily assess co-expression and anti-correlation between genes. We extracted several hundred high-confidence genes at the intersection of multiple curated lists involved in cilia, cell division, and photosynthesis, illustrating the power of our method. Surprisingly, Chlamydomonas experiments retained a significant rhythmic component across the transcriptome, suggesting an underappreciated variable during sample collection, even in samples collected in constant light. Our results therefore document substantial residual synchronization in batch cultures, contrary to assumptions of asynchrony. We provide step-by-step protocols for the analysis of co-expression across transcriptome data sets from Chlamydomonas and other species to help foster gene function discovery.
Left superior temporal sulcus morphometry mediates the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on sleep quality in healthy adults
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Jiang Ping , Tang Shi , Lu Lu , Bu Xuan , Zhang Lianqing , Gao Yingxue , Li Hailong , Hu Xinyu , Wang Song , Jia Zhiyun , Roberts Neil , Huang Xiaoqi , Gong Qiyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Anxiety and depressive symptoms may predispose individuals to sleep disturbance. Understanding how these emotional symptoms affect sleep quality, especially the underlying neural basis, could support the development of effective treatment. The aims of the present study were therefore to investigate potential changes in brain morphometry associated with poor sleep quality and whether this structure played a mediating role between the emotional symptoms and sleep quality. One hundred and forty-one healthy adults (69 women, mean age = 26.06 years, SD = 6.36 years) were recruited. A structural magnetic resonance imaging investigation was performed, and self-reported measures of anxiety, depressive symptoms and sleep quality were obtained for each participant. Whole-brain regression analysis revealed that worse sleep quality was associated with thinner cortex in left superior temporal sulcus (STS). Furthermore, the thickness of left STS mediated the association between the emotional symptoms and sleep quality. A subsequent commonality analysis showed that physiological component of the depressive symptoms had the greatest influence on sleep quality. In conclusion, thinner cortex in left STS may represent a neural substrate for the association between anxiety and depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality and may thus serve as a potential target for neuromodulatory treatment of sleep problems.
Receptors in the Induction of the Plant Innate Immunity
Authors: Yu Tian-Ying , Sun Meng-Kun , Liang Li-Kun 
Published: January 2021

Plants adjust amplitude and duration of immune responses via different strategies to maintain growth, development, and resistance to pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) play vital roles. Pattern recognition receptors, comprising a large number of receptor-like protein kinases and receptor-like proteins, recognize related ligands and trigger immunity. PTI is the first layer of the innate immune system, and it recognizes PAMPs at the plasma membrane to prevent infection. However, pathogens exploit effector proteins to bypass or directly inhibit the PTI immune pathway. Consistently, plants have evolved intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins to detect pathogenic effectors and trigger a hypersensitive response to activate ETI. PTI and ETI work together to protect plants from infection by viruses and other pathogens. Diverse receptors and the corresponding ligands, especially several pairs of well-studied receptors and ligands in PTI immunity, are reviewed to illustrate the dynamic process of PTI response here. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .