bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical overview of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A guide to diagnosis, the clinical features, and complications—What the non‐specialist needs to know
Authors: Muthiah Mark D. , Cheng Han Ng , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a rapidly rising prevalence worldwide and is the most common cause of liver disease in developed countries. In this article, we discuss the spectrum of disease of NAFLD with a focus on the earlier spectrum of the disease that is commonly encountered by non‐specialists, as well as the hepatic and extra‐hepatic associations of the disease. We discuss in detail the two common presentations of NAFLD, incidentally detected hepatic steatosis and asymptomatic raised liver enzymes, and provide an algorithm for management and continued to follow up for these patients. Considerations for the management of cardiovascular comorbidities in these patients are also discussed. Finally, we cover the topic of screening for NAFLD in high‐risk populations.
Construction of immune/Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease‐related gene coexpression network to predict biomarkers
Authors: Hai Xiaoou , Zhou Jiaming , Liu Guangyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy characterized by rapid onset and high mortality. Despite considerable progress in the treatment and diagnosis of CJD, patient prognosis remains poor. Many studies have found that the immune response is associated with the pathophysiology of CJD. However, few studies have reported coexpression correlations between genes associated with CJD and the immune response. This study was undertaken to construct a network of coexpressed immune‐ and CJD‐related genes that may reveal new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CJD.MethodsGene expression data from 11 CJD patients and 10 nonneurological controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. High‐confidence protein–protein interaction (PPI) data were downloaded from the Human Protein Reference Database, and gene expression data of immune‐ and CJD‐associated genes were downloaded from the AmiGo16 and DisGeNET databases, respectively. An immune/CJD‐related expression network was constructed based on Pearson correlation coefficients and PPI networks, and a CJD‐directed neighbour coexpression network was extracted, in which we compared the gene expression patterns and correlations between different groups. The samples were classified using CJD‐specific modules, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CJD and nonneurological controls groups were identified within the CJD‐specific modules. Further functional analysis was performed using Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of genes in each CJD‐specific module.ResultsWe constructed an immune/CJD‐related coexpression gene network comprising 2007 nodes and 5268 edges, with immune‐associated genes occupying important positions in the network. In the CJD‐directed neighbour coexpression network, immune‐associated genes exhibited the highest coexpression level with their interacting genes. Results from Pearson correlation analysis showed that most of the CJD‐associated genes were positively correlated with immune‐associated genes. Screening for CJD‐specific modules identified MAPK1, CASP3, APP, MAPT, SNCA, and YWHAH, indicating a close connection between CJD and the immune response. Analyses of coexpression status and expression level of CJD‐specific genes revealed a very high coexpression pattern for any two genes, with most genes being DEGs. Finally, KEGG enrichment analyses of all CJD‐specific genes showed that the pathophysiology of CJD is closely related to infection and the immune response.ConclusionsOur coexpression network analysis revealed a close connection between CJD‐ and immune‐associated genes, and we identified six CJD‐specific modules. Biological function analysis of CJD‐specific module genes revealed that immune responses are associated with CJD pathophysiology and may provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for this disease.
Type of headache at onset and risk for complications in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Lange Kristin Sophie , Forster Ophélie , Mawet Jérôme , Tuloup Gabrielle , Burcin Cécilia , Corti Lucas , Duflos Claire , Roos Caroline , Ducros Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn a recent Italian study, 30% of patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) presented without thunderclap headache (TCH), and tended to present more severe forms of RCVS than patients with TCH. We aimed to analyze the risk for complications of RCVS in patients with and without TCH at onset.MethodsIn a pooled cohort of 345 French patients with RCVS, we compared patients with and without TCH at onset regarding rates of neurological complications, and the functional outcome at 3 months.ResultsAs compared to the 281 patients with TCH at onset, the 64 patients without TCH had a higher risk for any neurological complication (61% vs. 24%, OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.8–8.7, p < 0.001). The association was strongest for cervical artery dissections (28% vs. 5%, OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.7–17.6, p < 0.001), followed by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (17% vs. 3%, OR 7.1, 95% CI 2.7–18.4, p < 0.001), seizures (9% vs. 2.5%, OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.3–12.5, p = 0.019), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (41% vs. 16%, OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–6.3, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the risk for any neurological complication remained significantly elevated in the absence of TCH (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8–6.8, p < 0.001). The functional outcome was equal in both groups, with a modified Rankin scale score of 0–1 in ≥90% of patients.ConclusionsAbsence of TCH at onset might predict a higher risk of complications in RCVS. Our results warrant further multicentric studies to prove this finding.
A comparison of microsatellites and genome‐wide SNPs for the detection of admixture brings the first molecular evidence for hybridization between Mustela eversmanii and M. putorius (Mustelidae, Carnivora)
Authors: Szatmári Lajos , Cserkész Tamás , Laczkó Levente , Lanszki József , Pertoldi Cino , Abramov Alexei V. , Elmeros Morten , Ottlecz Barnabás , Hegyeli Zsolt , Sramkó Gábor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntrogressive hybridization can pose a serious threat to endangered species which have an overlapping distribution such as in the case of two polecat species, Mustela eversmanii and M. putorius, in Europe. The population size of steppe polecat is known to continuously shrink, whereas its sister species, the European polecat, is still somehow widespread. In this study, we perform an analysis using microsatellite (SSR) and genomic (SNP) data sets to identify natural hybrids between polecats. Four populations were genotyped for eight polymorphic SSR loci, and thousands of unlinked SNPs were generated using a reduced‐representation sequencing approach, RADseq, to characterize the genetic make‐up of allopatric populations and to identify hybrids in the sympatric area. We applied standard population genetic analyses to characterize the populations based on their SSR allelic frequency. Only a single sample out of 48 sympatric samples showed exact intermediacy that we identified as an F1 hybrid. Additionally, one specimen was indicated in the genomic data sets as backcrossed. Other backcrosses, indicated by SSRs, were not validated by SNPs, which highlights the higher efficacy of the genomic method to identify backcrossed individuals. The low frequency of hybridization suggests that the difference in habitat preference of the two species may act as a barrier to admixture. Therefore, it is apparently unlikely that polecat populations are threatened by significant introgression. The two species showed a clear genetic differentiation using both techniques. We found higher genetic diversity values in the sympatric steppe polecat population than in the other studies on polecat populations. Although M. putorius is a hunted species in most countries, genetic diversity values indicate worse conditions in Europe than in the protected sibling species M. eversmanii. Suspending hunting and providing protected status of the former seems to be reasonable and timely.
Marital satisfaction, parenting styles, and child outcomes in families of autistic children
Authors: Greenlee Jessica L. , Piro‐Gambetti Brianna , Putney Jennifer , Papp Lauren M. , Hartley Sigan L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheory and research on the general population suggest that parents’ marital relationship quality is associated with children’s emotional and behavioral functioning directly, as well as indirectly, by affecting parenting attitudes and behaviors. However, little has been done to investigate the potential connection among parent marital satisfaction, parenting styles, and outcomes for autistic children. Using longitudinal data collected from 188 couples parenting an autistic child, this study tested the time‐ordered indirect effect of parent marital satisfaction (assessed at Time 1) on the internalizing and externalizing symptoms (assessed at Time 3) of autistic children (originally aged 5–12 years) via parenting styles (assessed at Time 2) using actor–partner interdependence modeling extended to mediation. Results indicated that a lower level of marital satisfaction at Time 1 predicted impaired child outcomes at Time 3 via its impact on parenting style at Time 2. For both parents, lower marital satisfaction predicted more child externalizing symptoms via reports of more authoritarian parenting style. Lower marital satisfaction in mothers at Time 1 was also associated with higher levels of child internalizing symptoms at Time 3 via increased authoritarian parenting in mothers. No partner effects were found. A family‐wide approach that includes support for the parent marital relationship, which may have downstream effects on parenting, is important for promoting optimal emotional and behavioral health in autistic children.
Mulberry fruit extract alleviates the intracellular amyloid‐β oligomer‐induced cognitive disturbance and oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Ochiishi Tomoyo , Kaku Masami , Kajsongkram Tanwarat , Thisayakorn Krittiya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntracellular amyloid‐β (Aβ) oligomers are key therapeutic targets because they are strongly cytotoxic and play crucial roles in the cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anthocyanins, polyphenolic flavonoids with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, are potential therapeutic candidates for AD. Here, we investigated the effects of anthocyanin‐enriched extracts from fruits of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) in Thailand against the neurotoxicity of Aβ oligomers. Using the monitoring system for Aβ aggregation, we showed that the extract induced the dissociation of Aβ in cultured HEK293T cells. To investigate the effects on cognitive function, we orally administered the extract to Aβ‐GFP transgenic mice (Aβ‐GFP Tg), a mouse model that expresses Aβ oligomers inside neurons, and performed the novel object recognition test and passive avoidance test. Aβ‐GFP Tg usually showed deficits in novel object recognition memory and reference memory compared with non‐Tg, but administration of the extract improved both compared with vehicle‐treated Aβ‐GFP Tg. Aβ‐GFP Tg exhibited lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than non‐Tg. However, after the administration of the extract, the SOD activity was restored. These results suggest that Thai mulberry fruit extract ameliorates cytotoxicity induced by the intracellular Aβ oligomers and may be an effective therapeutic or preventive candidate for AD.
Fallows and permanent grasslands conserve the species composition and functional diversity of carabid beetles and linyphiid spiders in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Feng Lanya , Arvidsson Fredrik , Smith Henrik G. , Birkhofer Klaus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The European Union reformed the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP 2013) to include greening measures with the aim to decrease negative impacts of farming on the environment and biodiversity. The degree to which greening measures such as permanent grassland or fallows of different ages enhance biodiversity is still debated.
We investigate the effect of fallows in two different age classes and permanent grassland in the surrounding landscape on the taxonomic and functional diversity of two numerically dominant groups of natural enemies in cereal fields: soil‐emerging carabid beetles (Family Carabidae, Order Coleoptera) and ground‐active linyphiid spiders (Family Linyphiidae, Order Araneae).
The species richness, abundance and Hill–Shannon diversity of carabids and linyphiids did not differ significantly between fallows and cereal fields and was not significantly related to the proportion of permanent grassland in the surrounding landscape. The species composition of both communities differed significantly between cereal fields and fallows. The functional distinctness, as an index reflecting the similarity among species in terms of functional traits, of linyphiids was significantly higher in fallows than in cereal fields. The trait composition of carabids was significantly related to the proportion of permanent grassland depending on field type (cereal or fallow). Our results document considerable species turnover in natural enemy communities of adjacent cereal fields and fallows, and support the assumption that older fallows (>8 years) produce functionally more diverse natural enemy communities. Maintaining fallows for a long period is an important measure to promote the functional diversity in predaceous arthropod communities.
Non‐linear relationship between remittances and financial development in Jamaica
Authors: Das Anupam , McFarlane Adian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine the relationship between financial development and remittance inflows (remittances), measured as a share of GDP, within a non‐linear framework in Jamaica over the period 1980 to 2017. By applying the autoregressive distributed lag bound testing approach to cointegration, we arrive at two key results. First, there is a long‐run cointegrating relationship running from remittances to financial development. Second, remittances and financial development are non‐linearly related. Financial development is a U‐shaped function of remittances. As remittances increase, they first have a negative impact on financial development. However, after remittances reach a threshold point, their impact on financial development is positive. Taken together, the results indicate that remittances first substitute for and then complement financial development. We provide important policy suggestions such as those that would increase remittances and those that would incentivize remittance receiving households to use these inflows in the formal financial sector.
Patterns of objectively measured motor activity among infants developing ASD and concerns for ADHD
Authors: Reetzke Rachel , Iosif Ana‐Maria , Hatch Burt , de la Paz Leiana , Chuang Annie , Ozonoff Sally , Miller Meghan 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHeightened motor activity is a hallmark of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet high activity levels are also often reported in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is currently unclear whether increased motor activity represents a distinct versus shared early predictor of ASD and ADHD; no prior studies have directly examined this prospectively. We investigated differences in longitudinal patterns of objectively measured motor activity during early development.MethodsParticipants included 113 infants at high and low risk for ASD or ADHD. Continuous motion‐based activity was recorded using tri‐axial accelerometers at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. At 36 months, participants were categorized into one of three outcome groups: ASD (n = 19), ADHD Concerns (n = 17), and Typically Developing (TD; n = 77). Group differences in trajectories of motor activity were examined in structured and semistructured contexts. Associations with behaviors relevant to ASD, ADHD, and general development were also examined.ResultsIn both structured and semistructured contexts, both the ASD and ADHD Concerns groups exhibited heightened activity relative to the TD group by 18 months; the ASD group exhibited higher activity than the ADHD Concerns group at 24–36 months in the structured context only. Attention/behavior regulation, nonverbal, and verbal development—but not social engagement—were differentially associated with objectively measured activity by outcome group across contexts.ConclusionsOveractivity may be a shared, rather than distinct, precursor of atypical development in infants/toddlers developing ASD and concerns for ADHD, emerging as early as 18 months. Group differences in overactivity may be context‐specific and associated with different underlying mechanisms.
Effect of thickness, cement shade, and coffee thermocycling on the optical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic
Authors: Çakmak Gülce , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Kashkari Afnan , Johnston William M. , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of thickness, cement shade, and coffee thermocycling (CTC) on the optical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) paired with different shades of a resin cement.Materials and MethodsThirty ZLS specimens were prepared in two different thicknesses (0.8 and 1.5 mm) and three different resin cement shades (Tr, A2, and A3) were applied (n = 5). Color determinations were done before and after 5000 CTC by using a noncontact spectroradiometer. Color change due to CTC and relative translucency parameter (RTP) before and after CTC were calculated by using CIEDE2000. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni‐corrected t‐tests(α = 0.05).ResultsMaterial thickness and resin cement shade (P < 0.001) affected baseline color. Material thickness affected color difference (P = 0.025). Thickness, resin cement shade, and CTC (P ≤ 0.0001) affected RTP. The difference between the color changes of the 0.8‐ and 1.5‐mm specimens combined with A2 shade cement after CTC was significant (P = 0.01). RTPs of all pairs decreased after CTC (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCement shade and material thickness affected the baseline color. The thickness of ZLS affected the color change after CTC only with A2 resin cement and the color change was less when the ZLS was thicker. CTC reduced the translucency of all pairs.Clinical SignificanceClinicians and patients should be aware of a potential color change after long‐term coffee consumption when zirconia reinforced lithium silicate is used particularly for laminate veneers with A2 shade of the tested resin cement.
The information needs of patients with atrial fibrillation: A scoping review
Authors: Woo Brigitte F. Y. , Bulto Lemma N. , Hendriks Jeroen M. L. , Lim Toon Wei , Tam Wilson W. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the atrial fibrillation (AF)‐specific information needs of patients with AF.BackgroundPatients’ understanding of AF is pertinent to optimising treatment and outcomes, thus highlighting the need for effective patient education. The information required to deliver effective AF‐specific patient education is less examined.MethodsGuided by Arksey and O’Malley's framework, a scoping review was conducted for studies reporting the AF‐specific information needs of patients with AF. Systematic searches were conducted across six databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO and ProQuest). All analyses were narrated in prose and outlined in tables. The PRISMA‐ScR checklist was used to report this review.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 3816 articles, of which 22 were included. Three major themes emerged from the thematic analysis. Each theme was supported by three subthemes. First, in ‘Understanding AF’, patients reported the need for ‘Easy‐to‐understand information’, information on the ‘Screening and diagnosis’ of AF and ‘Trajectory of disease and its associated risks’. Second, in ‘Treating AF’, patients required information on the ‘Role of anticoagulation’, ‘Existing or novel therapeutic options’ and ‘Monitoring effectiveness of treatment’. Lastly, in ‘Living with AF’, patients needed education in ‘Symptom management’, ‘Secondary prevention of risks’ and ‘Recognition of emergency situations’.ConclusionsThis review has identified the key AF‐specific information needs of patients with AF. Being cognisant of the information needs of patients with AF, healthcare providers may become more effective in developing person‐centred patient education interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceDelivering relevant patient education is an important cornerstone for atrial fibrillation care. Nurses by convention play a professional role in patient education. It may be facilitative for nurses to refer to the review findings when developing and implementing patient education interventions. Being in the midst of an ongoing pandemic, patient education strategies may require the use of telecommunication technologies.
Arterial spin labeling compared to dynamic susceptibility contrast MR perfusion imaging for assessment of ischemic penumbra: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Jinyuan , Lin Christopher , Minuti Aurelia , Lipton Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeDynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR imaging is commonly used to estimate penumbra size in acute ischemic stroke; this technique relies on the administration of gadolinium contrast, which has limited use in certain populations, such as those with impaired renal function or allergies. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively new technique that can provide information on cerebral perfusion without need for exogenous contrast agents. This systematic review examines published studies that specifically compared ASL to DSC for assessment of ischemic penumbra.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for papers which compared ASL with DSC for assessment of ischemic penumbra in acute ischemic stroke among adult human populations. Two independent reviewers screened studies using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study characteristics and findings regarding the utility of ASL compared to DSC for identification of penumbra were then extracted and anlyzed for results and risk of bias.ResultsSeventeen articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies compared ASL with DSC on a range of metrics (hypoperfusion, hyperperfusion, mismatch, and reperfusion). Most studies concluded that agreement of ASL with DSC was moderate to very high. A small subset of studies found discrepancy in agreement of ASL with DSC for size or location of perfusion abnormalities. A heterogeneity of perfusion parameters studied for DSC was noted, along with the need for more standardization of research methods.ConclusionASL shows moderate to high agreement with DSC for detection of penumbra among ischemic stroke patients.