bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ferroptosis-related gene signature for lung function and quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Li Yupeng , Ning Shangwei , Yang Yi , Chen Hong , Wang Chen , Dai Huaping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Rapid advances in genetic and genomic technologies have begun to reshape our understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, play an important role in the development of IPF. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and their correlation with lung dysfunction and quality of life in patients with IPF. Methods: Datasets were acquired by researching the Gene Expression Omnibus. FRGs were acquired by researching GeneCard database and PubMed. Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) were identified according to integrating FRGs and the DEGs identified in the GSE110147 dataset. Candidate key genes were identified from the miRNA-target FRDEGs network and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. The relationship between key genes and lung function or quality of life was calculated using the GSE32537 datasets.Results: 293 FRGs were obtained, and 71 FRDEGs were identified. According to enrichment analysis, cell growth and death and pathways associated cancer were the important pathways, and significant biological processes were mainly consisted of cellular responses to stimulus and various situations. In addition, this study constructed an PPI network and a miRNA-target network based on the 71 FRDEGs, determined 19 candidate key genes. Furthermore, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), integrin subunit beta 8 (ITGB8) and ceruloplasmin (CP) were identified as the key genes. The expression level of ACSL1 was the strongest predictor for lung function (negatively) including percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% predicted) and percent predicted diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco% predicted) and quality of life (negatively). In addition, ITGB8 and CP were negatively associated with FVC% predicted. According to DrugBank and PubMed, 4 drugs and 16 drugs have been found to act on ACSL1 and CP, respectively. Conclusion: These results imply that FRGs may shed new understanding on disease mechanism and provide potential biomarkers and therapy target to predict IPF progression.
Effect of Two Humic Acids on Laccase-Driven 17β-Estradiol Conversion Kinetics and Polymerization Products at Varying pH Levels
Authors: Sun Kai , Zhu Rui , Wei Huijie , Li Shunyao , Waigi Michael Gatheru , Si Youbin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes TERT expression by sponging miR-18b-5p in breast cancer
Authors: Kang yujuan , Wan Lin , Wang Qin , Yin Yanling , Liu Jiena , Liu Lei , Wu hao , Xu Shouping , pang da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) plays a positive role in the progression of human malignant tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of SNHG1 remains elusive in breast cancer. Results: LncRNA SNHG1 was upregulated and had a positive relationship with poor prognosis according to bioinformatics analysis. Silencing SNHG1 inhibited tumorigenesis in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SNHG1 functioned as a ceRNA to promote TERT expression by sponging miR-18b-5p. Moreover, miR-18b-5p acted as a tumor repressor in breast cancer. Finally, E2F1, a transcription factor, enhanced SNHG1 transcription.Conclusions: Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic mechanism of lncRNA SNHG1 in breast cancer. Importantly, we identified a novel E2F1–SNHG1–miR-18b-5p–TERT axis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Validation and adjustment of the Patient Experience Questionnaire (PEQ) based on a Norwegian hospital study.
Authors: ADDO SETH AYISI JUNIOR , OLSEN ESPEN , MYKLETUN REIDAR JOHAN 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background- This paper assesses the psychometric qualities of the Patient Experience Questionnaire (PEQ), thereby validating a patient-oriented service climate measurement model in a hospital environment, and modifies the model based on empirical results. This study employed survey data gathered by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health from adult inpatients at somatic hospitals in the Health South-East RHF in Norway. The survey engaged 4,603 patients out of 8,381 from 5 main hospitals in the region. Data was analysed with the aid of AMOS, SPSS, and Microsoft Excel.Results- The study found that an 8-factor model of the PEQ generally showed good fitness to the data, but assessment of discriminant validity showed that this was not the optimal factor solution among 4 of the 8 dimensions. After comparisons of models, support was finally found for a model with a second-order factor for 4 of the factors: “nurse services”, “doctor services”, “information”, and “organisation”, collectively named “treatment services”. The proposed model demonstrated good validity and reliability results.Conclusions- The results present theoretical and practical implications. The study recommends that inferential analyses on the PEQ should be done with the second-order factor. Also, a revision of the PEQ is recommended subject to more confirmatory studies with larger samples in different regions. The study indicates a second-order factor structure for assessing and understanding patient experiences, a finding having both theoretical and managerial implications.
Residual limb volume changes in transfemoral amputees
Authors: Paternò Linda , Ibrahimi Michele , Rosini Elisa , Menfi Giuseppe , Monaco Vito , Gruppioni Emanuele , Ricotti Leonardo , Menciassi Arianna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study constitute the first attempt to systematically quantify residual limb volume changes in transfemoral amputees. The study was carried out on 24 amputees to investigate changes due to prosthesis doffing, physical activity, and testing time. A proper experimental set-up was designed, including a 3D optical scanner, to improve precision and acceptability by amputees. The first test session aimed at measuring residual limb volume at 7 time-points, with 10 minute intervals, after prosthesis doffing. This allowed for evaluating the time required for volume stabilization after prosthesis removal, for each amputee. In subsequent sessions, 16 residual limb scans in a day for each amputee were captured to evaluate volume changes due to prosthesis removal and physical activity, in two times per day (morning and afternoon). These measurements were repeated in three different days, a week apart from each other, for a total of 48 scans for each amputee. Volume changes overtime after prosthesis doffing showed a two-term decay exponential trend (R2 = 0.97), with the highest change in the initial 10 minutes and an average stabilization time of 30 minutes. A statistically significant increasing effect of both prosthesis removal and physical activity was verified. No differences were observed between measures collected in the morning and in the afternoon.
Evolution of altruistic punishments among heterogeneous conditional cooperators
Authors: Battu Balaraju 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although altruistic punishments solve the free rider problem in repeated public good games, it has been a puzzle why altruistic punishers willing to incur personal costs in order to improve the group benefits. It has been shown that when the population consists of a finite set of pure strategies along with altruistic punishers, altruistic punishments evolve in the population. These models the population consists of a finite set of strategies and the strategies do not depend on the past strategies of the population. Unlike assumptions made in these models, the population is heterogeneous in their conditional cooperative strategies and the individuals who are more willing to donate also are more willing to punish the free riders. I propose an evolutionary agent-based model, each agent’s donation depends on the difference between the number of donations in the past and the threshold value and a propensity value. Altruistic punishment depends on the difference between the threshold value of altruistic punisher and random matched another agent. The proposed model overcomes the unrealistic assumptions made in the previous models and altruistic punishments evolve for a large set of parameters. The simulations show that, for certain inflicted costs of punishments, generous altruistic punishments evolve in the population and establish stable cooperation. The conditional nature of cooperation implies that, unlike previous models, it is not necessary to punish all free riders equally, but it is necessary to do so in the case of the selfish free riders but not in the case of negative reciprocators.
Geothermal Power Project’s Manageable Risks in Hungary
Authors: Toth Aniko , Szucs Peter , Fenerty David K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are many compelling arguments for using geothermal energy in Hungary. One of the most important is that the country could thereby exploit its abundant, relatively untapped network of geothermal reservoirs. These are considerably warmer and closer to the surface than in most of Europe. In the foreseeable future, Hungary’s geothermal resources can satisfy the conditions required for efficient energy production. The tremendous amount of energy stored in our geothermal reservoirs could satisfy much of the country’s long-term energy demand.Every geothermal project is designed to fulfill its project objectives by meeting time, budget, technical, and legal/regulatory provisions. Geothermal development is necessarily exposed to risks of varying degrees throughout its development, something which distinguishes geothermal from other kinds of renewable-energy projects. These risks most often concern the availability, amount, suitability, sustainability and use-potential of the geothermal resource, but may also include market, financing, commercial and macro-economic risks.
Symmetry of Surface States in Graphene&nbsp;Superlattices Terminated With Magnetic Cap Layers
Authors: Xu Huaizhe , Yan Qiqi , Wang Liying , Wang Sansheng , Zhang Yaping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The symmetry of surface states in graphene superlattices (SLs) terminated with a magnetic cap layer has been identified with numerical calculations. It is found that the surface states in pure electric SLs with As ≥ 0 are symmetric about ky = 0 to those with As ≤ 0 . While those in pure magnetic SLs with the same As are symmetric about E = 0. Additionally, the surface states in SLs of general complex electric/magnetic basis show no symmetry. The symmetry of surface states in terminated SLs is mainly determined by the nature of the basis and its configuration. These interesting results provide a useful guideline to the experimental exploration of carbon-based quantum electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Identification of damage development in the core of steel cord belts with the diagnostic system
Authors: Blazej Ryszard , Jurdziak Leszek , Kirjanow-Blazej Agata , Kozłowski Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Belt conveyors are used for transporting bulk materials over distances. The core of the belt, by transferring the longitudinal stresses and ensuring proper frictional coupling of the belt, enables belt movement and transportation of materials on its surface. As the belt cover and edges are used, the belt becomes abraded, and the core is subject to fatigue. The result is the development of cracks in rubber covers across the belt, which leads to the development of damage not only along the cables (the natural direction of water migration and corrosion) but also in the direction transverse to the belt axis. Conducting a series of scans of the St-type belt operating in one of the underground copper ore mines in Poland allowed identifying the number of failures as well as their size and changes over time. These data were in turn used to determine the measures defining the condition of the belt such as the density of defects (the number of defects per 1 m of the belt), the density of the area of damage (the area of damage per 1 m of the belt) and the change in the average area of a single defect over time. By determining the regression of these measures in time and the rate of damage development in both directions (along the axis of the belt and across the belt), it was possible to forecast future states of the belt, as well as to evaluate the costs of different belt replacement strategies and the economic rationalization of the decision to replace them. This research has become possible owing to the development of the DiagBelt system for two-dimensional imaging of the damage to the core of steel-cord belts with resolution sufficiently high to allow tracking the development of single core defects.
Association of number of children and birth order with body mass index in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study
Authors: Hemati Zeinab , Mozafarian Nafiseh , Heshmat Ramin , Rastad Hadith , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Daniali Seyede Shahrbanoo , Goudarzi Masoomeh , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Qorbani Mostafa , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to evaluate the association of the number of family children and birth order with later body mass index (BMI) in a pediatric population.
Methods

This cross-sectional nationwide study was conducted in the framework of the fifth survey of a national school-based surveillance program, entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Noncommunicable disease (CASPIAN-V) Study. Participants were 14,400 students, aged 7–18 years, who were selected by random cluster sampling from 30 provinces in Iran. Multinomial regression models were used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the number of family children or the birth order for later excess weight.
Results

The first-born children had significantly higher OR for obesity, and the third-born children had higher OR of underweight compared to the first-born ones (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42). Moreover, children within the three-, four-, and five-child families had higher OR of underweight than those with one-child families (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77- 1).
Conclusion

The birth order and number of children were associated with underweight and overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Future studies are necessary to assess the underlying determinants.
Theoretical studies of novel high energy density materials based on oxadiazoles
Authors: Xia Wenxin , Zhang Renfa , Xu Xiaosong , Ma Congming , Ma Peng , Pan Yong , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, 32 energetic compounds were designed using oxadiazoles (1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole) as the parent by inserting different groups as well as changing the bridge between the parent. These compounds had high-density and excellent detonation properties. The electrostatic potentials of the designed compounds were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT). The structure, heat of formation (HOF), density, detonation performances (detonation pressure P , detonation velocity D , detonation heat Q ), and thermal stability of each compound were systematically studied based on molecular dynamics. The results showed that the -N 3 group has the greatest improvement in HOF. For the detonation performances, the directly linked, -N=N-, -NH-NH- were beneficial when used as a bridge between 1,2,5-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, and it can also be found that bridge changing had little effect on the trend of detonation performance, while energetic groups changing influenced differently. The designed compounds (except for A2 , B2 , B4 ) all had higher detonation properties than TNT, A6 ( D = 9.41 km s -1 , P = 41.86 GPa, Q = 1572.251 cal g -1 ) was the highest, followed D6 had poorer performance ( D = 8.96 km s -1 , P = 37.46 GPa, Q = 1354.51 cal g -1 ).
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nurse's role in primary care settings: an integrative review
Authors: Busca Erica , Savatteri Alessia , Calafato Tania Lorenza , Mazzoleni Beatrice , Barisone Michela , Molin Alberto Dal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The rapid evolution of the epidemiological picture and the recent SARS-COV-2 pandemic has expressed the vulnerabilities of health systems and focuses attention on the population's needs.The nurse's figure in the care teams is universally identified; however, the implementation of the role within some care settings turns out to be complex and challenging. This integrative review aims to identify the barriers and facilitators in implementing the role of the nurse in primary care settings.MethodsAn integrative review was conducted on the Medline and Cinahl databases until 9 June 2020. Qualitative, quantitative, and Mixed-method research studies were selected to identify studies related to the barriers and facilitators of the nurse's role in nursing facilities' primary care. For the extraction of the results, the Consolidating Framework for Research Implementation (CFIR) was used to identify the factors that influence implementation in health care.ResultsFollowing the duplicates' removal, the search identified 18257 articles, of which 56 were relevant to the inclusion criteria; therefore, they were included in the summary.The selected studies were conducted in thirteen countries, most from Oceania, Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean.The barriers reported most frequently concern the nursing profession's regulatory and regulatory aspects within the contexts of care, cultural and organizational aspects, training, and the transfer of specific skills, which were previously designated to doctors.The facilitators are mainly linked to the nurse's adaptability to the various contexts of care, recognizing the patient's role, and the desire to develop multidisciplinary and effective working groups to respond to the health needs of the population in primary care contexts.ConclusionThis review highlighted the main barriers and facilitators in implementing the nurse's role in primary care settings. These results offer useful elements for stakeholders to identify effective strategies in preparing programs and activities for implementing the nurse's role, acting on the elements identified as barriers and favouring the aspects that emerge as facilitators.
Development of a prognostic model based on immunogenomic landscape analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: lu ligong , Liu Shaoqing , Hua Shengni , Zhang Zhenlin , Zhan Meixiao , Zhao Wei , Xiao Jing , Li Yong , He Xu , Xin Yongjie , Qiu Lige , Zhang Fujun , Cao Zhixing , Peng Yongjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of liver cancer, and the systematic exploration of its prognostic indicators is urgently needed. In this study, we obtained 12 IRGs for the construction of a risk score prediction model in HCC by bioinformatics analysis.
Methods

Differentially expressed genes were screened using the R software edgeR package. Functional enrichment analysis was performed through gene ontology analyses as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Single factor and multi-factor Cox analysis were employed for survival analysis. We used the Timer software to examine the correlation between risk score and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
Results

We identified 3,215 up-regulated and 1,044 down-regulated genes in HCC tissues based on a cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) and survival-associated IRGs were further identified. We also integrated multivariate Cox regression analyses to obtain 12 IRGs for the construction of a risk score prediction model, whose performance was verified using the Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Our findings suggest that the risk score was associated with clinical characteristics and the infiltration of immune cells in HCC patients.
Conclusions

We obtained a risk score prediction model of 12 IRGs in HCC by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed its performance.
A Larger Sized Cup Accelerates Cartilage Erosion of Acetabulum after Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Elderly with Femur Neck Fracture
Authors: Kim Sang Min , Shah Saumil Ashvin , Kim Jae Young , Cho Hyun Woo , Shon Won Yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty (BHA) is one of the common procedures done for the treatment of femur neck fracture. One of the frequently encountered complication with this surgery is erosion of the acetabular cartilage. This study was conducted to investigate acetabular erosion after BHA according to the difference in diameter between femoral head and implanted cup at minimum 10-year follow-up.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 117 patients (117 hips) undergoing BHA with fracture of neck of the femur. Their mean age was 77.8 years (range, 65-96 years) and male: female ratio was 32:85. Patients were divided into 3 groups; Group A- bipolar cup size > actual head size, Group B- cup size < head size, Group C- cup size = head size. The degree of both superior and medial acetabular cartilage erosion was identified and calculated on postoperative radiographs using line of acetabular margin and Kohler’s line.Results: The mean superior and medial acetabular erosion were 1.62 ± 1.6 mm (range, 0 – 4.4) and 4.15 ± 2.7 mm (range, 0 – 8.2) in Group A, 1.30 ± 1.3 mm (range, 0 – 3.8) and 4.11 ± 2.7 mm (range, 0 – 7.8) in Group B, and 0.90 ± 1.1 mm (range, 0 – 2.6) and 3.16 ± 2.9 mm (range, 0 – 7.9) in Group C (p=0.039 and p=0.187, respectively). The superior acetabular erosion showed significant difference between the three groups. During mean follow-up period of 12.3 years, five patients (5/117, 4.3%) underwent conversion to THA due to superior acetabular erosion. All of three patient underwent BHA with a larger bipolar cup than the actual femoral head.Conclusion: A lager sized cup accelerated superior cartilage erosion of acetabulum after bipolar hemiarthroplasty. An optimal cup size should be considered when undergoing BHA in elderly patients.
Equality of surgical fee schedule in Japan: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Nakata Yoshinori , Watanabe Yuichi , Otake Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study is to examine how the degree of inequality of Japanese surgical fee schedule changed during the study period by applying Gini coefficients for efficiency scores computed from data envelopment analysis.
Methods

All the surgeries that were performed in the main operating rooms of Teikyo University Hospital in 2013-18 were candidates used for the analysis of efficiency and equality of fee schedule. The decision making unit was defined as a surgeon with the highest academic rank in the surgery. Inputs were defined as (1) the number of assistants, and (2) the duration of operation. An output was defined as the surgical fee that was charged for reimbursement. Each surgeon’s efficiency score was calculated using data envelopment analysis. Using the medians of efficiency scores in each surgical specialty, the authors inferred Gini coefficients and their standard errors in each year and in each surgical fee schedule by the Bootstrap methods.
Results

The authors analyzed 16,307 surgical procedures during the study period of 2013-18. There was no statistically significant difference in the Gini coefficients between the years and between the surgical fee schedules (p > 0.05).
Conclusions

The authors demonstrated that the degree of inequality of Japanese surgical fee schedule remained constant from 2013 through 2018.