bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine operated on dual fuel mode using renewable and sustainable fuel combinations
Authors: Yaliwal V. S. , Banapurmath N. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present experimental study aims to examine the combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using dairy scum oil methyl ester (DiSOME) and its blend (B20)—producer gas combination with and without addition of hydrogen. DiSOME/B20-producer gas combination without hydrogen addition exhibited inferior performance with increased hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions owing to poor physic-chemical properties of both biodiesel and inducted low calorific value gas (producer gas) compared to the same fuel combination with hydrogen. Producer gas was inducted along with air, and hydrogen was allowed to mix with air-producer gas combination in the intake manifold. Experimental investigations were conducted at all load conditions and at constant flow rate of hydrogen (8 lpm). It was noticed that that B20-hydrogen enriched producer gas combination with optimum parameters resulted in amplified thermal efficiency with reduced emission levels compared to the operation with B20/DiSOME-producer gas combination. However, investigation showed that diesel-producer gas combination with hydrogen addition provided amplified brake thermal efficiency by 3.8%, 16.4% and 13.2% compared to the diesel/DiSOME/B20—producer gas combinations, respectively, at 80% load. Hydrogen addition provided enhanced cylinder pressure and heat release rate with reduced emission levels except nitric oxide emissions. It can be concluded that the deprived combustion associated with DiSOME/B20-producer gas combination can be improved with hydrogen addition. The combination of DiSOME-producer gas operation with hydrogen addition is uniqueness of this present work.
Fabrication of reduced graphene oxide modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate based transparent conducting electrodes for flexible optoelectronic application
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Singh Karamvir , Kumar Sandeep , Bhatt Kapil , Dwivedi Yashashchandra , Rana Abhimanyu , Tripathi C. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPresent article reports on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) based transparent conducting electrodes for flexible optoelectronic applications. PEDOT: PSS samples embedded with different rGO concentrations i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 wt% were prepared and later on, bar coated on polyethylene terephthalate substrate using a 30 μm wire size bar. Various parameters including sheet resistance, bending test (outside and inside bending), optical transmittance etc. were estimated. Our analysis indicates that the samples with 1 wt% rGO possess improved results i.e. low sheet resistance (315 ± 8 Ω/sq.) and high transmittance (~ 74%). Additionally, the sample shows low electrical resistance variation up to 12% (maximum increase) during outward bending and 9% (maximum decrease) during inward bending of the sample for bending curvature from 20 to 100 m−1.
Corrosion inhibition, surface adsorption and computational studies of Momordica charantia extract: a sustainable and green approach
Authors: Haldhar Rajesh , Prasad Dwarika , Kamboj Divya , Kaya Savas , Dagdag Omar , Guo Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aerial parts extract of Momordica charantia plant were used for the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in the acidic medium (0.5 M H2SO4) utilizing weight loss method, Tafel and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The state of mixed inhibitor adsorption on the carbon steel surface is shown by potentiodynamic polarization. M. charantia achieved the extraordinary inhibition efficiency of 93.51% at 500 mg/L of inhibitor concentration. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to know about the thin layer which was formed on the surface of carbon steel for its protection from corrosion and the adsorption of inhibitor was shown by UV–vis. spectroscopic technique. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy technique confirmed the existence of functional groups and the heteroatoms exhibit in the inhibitor. Adsorbance by the inhibitory molecules on the carbon steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Hypothetical investigations (computational) showed a very valuable report. All acquired outcomes ensure that M. charantia extract can procedure an effectual preventing layer and restrict the corrosion procedure.
Ossicular chain reconstruction: endoscopic or microscopic?
Authors: Guneri E A , Cakir Cetin A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the results of endoscopic and microscopic ossicular chain reconstruction surgery.MethodsPatients undergoing ossicular chain reconstruction surgery via an endoscopic (n = 31) or microscopic (n = 34) technique were analysed for age, gender, Middle Ear Risk Index, ossicular chain defect, incision type, ossicular chain reconstruction surgery material, mean air conduction threshold, air–bone gap, air–bone gap gain, word recognition score, mean operation duration and mean post-operative follow up.ResultsPost-operative air conduction, air–bone gap and word recognition score improved significantly in both groups (within-subject p < 0.001 for air conduction and air–bone gap, and 0.026 for word recognition score); differences between groups were not significant (between-subject p = 0.192 for air conduction, 0.102 for air–bone gap, and 0.709 for word recognition score). Other parameters were similar between groups, except for incision type. However, endoscopic ossicular chain reconstruction surgery was associated with a significantly shorter operation duration (p < 0.001).ConclusionEndoscopic ossicular chain reconstruction surgery can achieve comparable surgical and audiological outcomes to those of microscopic ossicular chain reconstruction surgery in a shorter time.
Differences in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activities in trypanosomatids
Authors: Čermáková Petra , Maďarová Anna , Baráth Peter , Bellová Jana , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Horváth Anton 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComplex I (NADH dehydrogenase) is the first enzyme in the respiratory chain. It catalyses the electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone that is associated with proton pumping out of the matrix. In this study, we characterized NADH dehydrogenase activity in seven monoxenous trypanosomatid species: Blechomonas ayalai, Herpetomonas tarakana, Kentomonas sorsogonicus, Leptomonas seymouri, Novymonas esmeraldas, Sergeia podlipaevi and Wallacemonas raviniae. We also investigated the subunit composition of the complex I in dixenous Phytomonas serpens, in which its presence and activity have been previously documented. In addition to P. serpens, the complex I is functionally active in N. esmeraldas and S. podlipaevi. We also identified 24–32 subunits of the complex I in individual species by using mass spectrometry. Among them, for the first time, we recognized several proteins of the mitochondrial DNA origin.
OUT OF THE COFFEE HOUSE OR HOW POLITICAL ECONOMY PRETENDED TO BE A SCIENCE FROM MONTCHRÉTIEN TO STEUART
Authors: Berry Christopher J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe essay investigates the proposition that economic questions are a fit subject for science. This investigation will involve a selective examination of seventeenth-century writings before looking at again selective Enlightenment texts. The essay is deliberately wide ranging, but it aims to pick out the emergence or crystallization of political economy by noting how theorists sought to establish it as a subject matter and in the process develop ways of studying it that aimed to uncover regularities and exhibit generality, systematicity, and precision. Together these supported its pretensions or claims to be a science that would in a Baconian manner be useful and free of the perceived shackles of a moralistic classical disparagement of economic activity.
HOW SHOULD WE RECONCILE SELF-REGARDING AND PRO-SOCIAL MOTIVATIONS? A RENAISSANCE OF “DAS ADAM SMITH PROBLEM”
Authors: Gold Natalie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract“Das Adam Smith Problem” is the name given by eighteenth-century German scholars to the question of how to reconcile the role of self-interest in the Wealth of Nations with Smith’s advocacy of sympathy in Theory of Moral Sentiments. As the discipline of economics developed, it focused on the interaction of selfish agents, pursuing their private interests. However, behavioral economists have rediscovered the existence and importance of multiple motivations, and a new Das Adam Smith Problem has arisen, of how to accommodate self-regarding and pro-social motivations in a single system. This question is particularly important because of evidence of motivation crowding, where paying people can backfire, with payments achieving the opposite effects of those intended. Psychologists have proposed a mechanism for the crowding out of “intrinsic motivations” for doing a task, when payment is used to incentivize effort. However, they argue that pro-social motivations are different from these intrinsic motivations, implying that crowding out of pro-social motivations requires a different mechanism. In this essay I present an answer to the new Das Adam Smith problem, proposing a mechanism that can underpin the crowding out of both pro-social and intrinsic motivations, whereby motivations are prompted by frames and motivation crowding is underpinned by the crowding out of frames. I explore some of the implications of this mechanism for research and policy.
Equality and Equity in Chinese Higher Education in the Post-massification Era: An Analysis Based on Chinese Scholarly Literature
Authors: Zha Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines several research questions relating to equality and equity in Chinese higher education via an extended literature review, which in turn sheds light on evolving scholarly explorations into this theme. First, in the post-massification era, has the Chinese situation of equality and equity in higher education improved or deteriorated since the late 1990s? Second, what are the core issues with respect to equality and equity in Chinese higher education? Third, how have those core issues evolved or changed over time and what does the evolution indicate and entail? Methodologically, this paper uses a bibliometric analysis to detect the topical hotspots in scholarly literature and their changes over time. The study then investigates each of those topical terrains against their temporal contexts in order to gain insights into the core issues.
Infection prevention and control during COVID-19 pandemic: realities from health care workers in a north central state in Nigeria
Authors: Ilesanmi O. S. , Afolabi A. A. , Akande A. , Raji T. , Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to the risk of infections and could become vectors of onward transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Little is known about the factors which could contribute to increased COVID-19 infection among HCWs in Nigeria. We aimed at assessing the causes of COVID-19 infection among HCWs. We used a qualitative study design to conduct in-depth interview among 16 frontline HCWs participating in the COVID-19 response in Kwara State, Nigeria. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used in the qualitative analysis of data. We found that HCWs were aware of their vulnerability to the COVID-19 infection, and the reasons attributed included poor knowledge of IPC measures for COVID-19, inadequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE), poor political will and inadequate health facilities (HFs) management support. Improved political will and better involvement of HFs management teams in infection prevention and control (IPC) systems are needed to reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection among HCWs. We recommend scale-up training on IPC measures particularly hand washing and use of PPE as well as the development of effective points of care risk assessment with a high index of suspicion in HFs.
How to (Consistently) Reject the Options Argument
Authors: Campbell Stephen M. , Stramondo Joseph A. , Wasserman David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is commonly thought that disability is a harm or “bad difference” because having a disability restricts valuable options in life. In his recent essay “Disability, Options and Well-Being,” Thomas Crawley offers a novel defense of this style of reasoning (formulated as the Options Argument) and argues that we and like-minded critics of this brand of argument are guilty of an inconsistency. Our aim in this article is to explain why our view avoids inconsistency, to challenge Crawley's positive defense of the Options Argument, and to suggest that this general line of reasoning employs a double standard.
COVID-19 FAQs in paediatric and congenital cardiology: AEPC position paper
Authors: Sendzikaite Skaiste , Heying Ruth , Milanesi Ornella , Hanseus Katarina , Michel-Behnke Ina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge influence in almost all areas of life, affecting societies, economics, and health care systems worldwide. The paediatric cardiology community is no exception. As the challenging battle with COVID-19 continues, professionals from the Association for the European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology receive many questions regarding COVID-19 in a Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology setting. The aim of this paper is to present the AEPC position on frequently asked questions based on the most recent scientific data, as well as to frame a discussion on how to take care of our patients during this unprecedented crisis. As the times are changing quickly and information regarding COVID-19 is very dynamic, continuous collection of evidence will help guide constructive decision-making.
New Medium, Same Story? Gender Gaps in Book Publishing
Authors: Samuels David J. , Teele Dawn Langan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTRecent research points to a gender gap in journal-article authorship: women are underrepresented. Given that publishing a book remains central to many political scientists’ careers, this article explores the extent to which gender publication and citation gaps also exist for books. We find that although the gender publication gap for university-press books has narrowed over time, it remains larger than for journal articles. We also find that book-authorship patterns do not reflect the shift toward coauthorship observed for journal articles. Conversely, we find no gender citation gap for books written by one woman. However, books coauthored by coed teams or teams of women receive far fewer citations than books written by one man or one woman or by teams of men.
Gestational exposure to Δ9-THC impacts ovarian follicular dynamics and angiogenesis in adulthood in Wistar rats
Authors: Martínez-Peña Annia A. , Lee Kendrick , Petrik James J. , Hardy Daniel B. , Holloway Alison C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the legalization of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) and increasing use during pregnancy, it is important to understand its impact on exposed offspring. Specifically, the effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive component of cannabis, on fetal ovarian development and long-term reproductive health are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC on ovarian health in adult rat offspring. At 6 months of age, Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had accelerated folliculogenesis with apparent follicular development arrest, but no persistent effects on circulating steroid levels. Ovaries from Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had reduced blood vessel density in association with decreased expression of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF and its receptor VEGFR-2, as well as an increase in the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1). Collectively, these data suggest that exposure to Δ9-THC during pregnancy alters follicular dynamics during postnatal life, which may have long-lasting detrimental effects on female reproductive health.
PPARγ activation in late gestation does not promote surfactant maturation in the fetal sheep lung
Authors: Ren Jiaqi , Lock Mitchell C. , Darby Jack R. T. , Orgeig Sandra , Holman Stacey L. , Quinn Megan , Seed Mike , Muhlhausler Beverly S. , McMillen I. Caroline , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRespiratory distress syndrome results from inadequate functional pulmonary surfactant and is a significant cause of mortality in preterm infants. Surfactant is essential for regulating alveolar interfacial surface tension, and its synthesis by Type II alveolar epithelial cells is stimulated by leptin produced by pulmonary lipofibroblasts upon activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). As it is unknown whether PPARγ stimulation or direct leptin administration can stimulate surfactant synthesis before birth, we examined the effect of continuous fetal administration of either the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RGZ; Study 1) or leptin (Study 2) on surfactant protein maturation in the late gestation fetal sheep lung. We measured mRNA expression of genes involved in surfactant maturation and showed that RGZ treatment reduced mRNA expression of LPCAT1 (surfactant phospholipid synthesis) and LAMP3 (marker for lamellar bodies), but did not alter mRNA expression of PPARγ, surfactant proteins (SFTP-A, -B, -C, and -D), PCYT1A (surfactant phospholipid synthesis), ABCA3 (phospholipid transportation), or the PPARγ target genes SPHK-1 and PAI-1. Leptin infusion significantly increased the expression of PPARγ and IGF2 and decreased the expression of SFTP-B. However, mRNA expression of the majority of genes involved in surfactant synthesis was not affected. These results suggest a potential decreased capacity for surfactant phospholipid and protein production in the fetal lung after RGZ and leptin administration, respectively. Therefore, targeting PPARγ may not be a feasible mechanistic approach to promote lung maturation.
Loss of FOXC1 contributes to the corneal epithelial fate switch and pathogenesis
Authors: Li Mingsen , Zhu Liqiong , Liu Jiafeng , Huang Huaxing , Guo Huizhen , Wang Li , Li Lingyu , Gu Sijie , Tan Jieying , Zhong Jing , Wang Bowen , Mao Zhen , Fan Yong , Liu Chunqiao , Yuan Jin , Ouyang Hong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForkhead box C1 (FOXC1) is required for neural crest and ocular development, and mutations in FOXC1 lead to inherited Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome. Here, we find that FOXC1 and paired box 6 (PAX6) are co-expressed in the human limbus and central corneal epithelium. Deficiency of FOXC1 and alternation in epithelial features occur in patients with corneal ulcers. FOXC1 governs the fate of the corneal epithelium by directly binding to lineage-specific open promoters or enhancers marked by H3K4me2. FOXC1 depletion not only activates the keratinization pathway and reprograms corneal epithelial cells into skin-like epithelial cells, but also disrupts the collagen metabolic process and interferon signaling pathways. Loss of interferon regulatory factor 1 and PAX6 induced by FOXC1 dysfunction is linked to the corneal ulcer. Collectively, our results reveal a FOXC1-mediated regulatory network responsible for corneal epithelial homeostasis and provide a potential therapeutic target for corneal ulcer.
Cell-cycle arrest and senescence in TP53-wild type renal carcinoma by enhancer RNA-P53-bound enhancer regions 2 (p53BER2) in a p53-dependent pathway
Authors: Xie Haibiao , Ma Kaifang , Zhang Kenan , Zhou Jingcheng , Li Lei , Yang Wuping , Gong Yanqing , Cai Lin , Gong Kan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTP53 is a classic tumor suppressor, but its role in kidney cancer remains unclear. In our study, we tried to explain the role of p53 in kidney cancer through the p53-related enhancer RNA pathway. Functional experiments were used to explore whether P53-bound enhancer regions 2 (p53BER2) has a role in the cell cycle and senescence response of TP53-wild type (WT) renal cancer cells in vitro or vivo. RNA-sequencing was used to identify the potential target of p53BER2. The results showed that the expression level of P53BER2 was downregulated in renal cancer tissues and cell lines, further dual-luciferase experiments and APR-256-reactivated experiments showed p53BER2 expresses in a p53-dependent way. Moreover, knockdown p53BER2 could reverse nutlin-3-induced cytotoxic effect in TP53-WT cell lines. Further exploration showed the downregulation of p53BER2 could reverse nutlin-3-induced G1-arrest and senescence in TP53-WT cell lines. What is more, the knockdown of p53BER2 showed resistance to nutlin-3 treatment in vivo. Additionally, we found BRCA2 could be regulated by p53BER2 in vitro and vivo; further experiment showed p53BER2 could induce cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair by mediating BRCA2. In summary, the p53-associated enhancer RNA-p53BER2 mediates the cell cycle and senescence of p53 in TP53-WT renal cancer cells.
The critical role of T cells in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Song Lin , Cao Lijuan , Liu Rui , Ma Hui , Li Yanan , Shang Qianwen , Zheng Zhiyuan , Zhang Liying , Zhang Wen , Han Yuyi , Zhang Xiaoren , Yang Huilin , Wang Ying , Melino Gerry , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) are widely used clinically, despite the presence of significant side effects, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). While GC are believed to act directly on osteoblasts and osteoclasts to promote osteoporosis, the detailed underlying molecular mechanism of GC-induced osteoporosis is still not fully elucidated. Here, we show that lymphocytes play a pivotal role in regulating GC-induced osteoporosis. We show that GIOP could not be induced in SCID mice that lack T cells, but it could be re-established by adoptive transfer of splenic T cells from wild-type mice. As expected, T cells in the periphery are greatly reduced by GC; instead, they accumulate in the bone marrow where they are protected from GC-induced apoptosis. These bone marrow T cells in GC-treated mice express high steady-state levels of NF-κB receptor activator ligand (RANKL), which promotes the formation and maturation of osteoclasts and induces osteoporosis. Taken together, these findings reveal a critical role for T cells in GIOP.