bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination
Authors: Belay Ermias D , Godfred Cato Shana , Rao Agam K , Abrams Joseph , Wyatt Wilson W , Lim Sarah , Newton-Cheh Christopher , Melgar Michael , DeCuir Jennifer , Webb Brandon , Marquez Paige , Su John R , Meng Lu , Grome Heather N , Schlaudecker Elizabeth , Talaat Kawsar , Edwards Kathryn , Barnett Elizabeth , Campbell Angela P , Broder Karen R , Bamrah Morris Sapna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) was reported in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. MIS-A was included in the list of adverse events to be monitored as part of the emergency use authorizations issued for COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods
Reports of MIS-A patients received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after COVID-19 vaccines became available were assessed. Data collected on the patients included clinical and demographic characteristics and their vaccine status. The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) was also reviewed for possible cases of MIS-A.

Results
From 14 December 2020 to 30 April 2021, 20 patients who met the case definition for MIS-A were reported to CDC. Their median age was 35 years (range, 21–66 years), and 13 (65%) were male. Overall, 16 (80%) patients had a preceding COVID-19-like illness a median of 26 days (range 11–78 days) before MIS-A onset. All 20 patients had laboratory evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Seven MIS-A patients (35%) received COVID-19 vaccine a median of 10 days (range, 6–45 days) before MIS-A onset; 3 patients received a second dose of COVID-19 vaccine 4, 17, and 22 days before MIS-A onset. Patients with MIS-A predominantly had gastrointestinal and cardiac manifestations and hypotension or shock.

Conclusions
Although 7 patients were reported to have received COVID-19 vaccine, all had evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines, the lack of reporting of MIS-A associated with vaccination alone, without evidence of underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection, is reassuring.
Looped wire advancement—not always safe! Fat—not so useless! a case series
Authors: Gawalkar Atit A , Singh Navreet , Gupta Ankush , Barwad Parag 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery perforation (CAP), although rare, can often be a life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. Looped wire tip or buckling of wire is conventionally considered safer due to reduced risk of migration into smaller branches and false lumen. Occasionally, buckling can indicate the entry of tip into dissection plane, or the advancement of looped wire can cause small vessel injury leading to perforation. Distal coronary perforation can be life threatening and coil, foam, and thrombin injection are some of the material widely used for sealing it.

Case summary
We hereby report three different cases illustrating the vessel injury that the looped wire can cause in the distal vasculature related to various mechanisms like high elastic recoil tension, dissection by the non-leading wire tip, or hard wire lacerating the fragile small branches. All these mechanisms lead to distal coronary perforation leading to cardiac tamponade. Each case also illustrate the novel technique of autologous fat globule embolization for the management of distal CAP.

Discussion
Distal coronary perforation is often due to guidewire-related vessel injury and is more common with hydrophilic wires. Looped wire tip can sometime indicate vessel injury and its advancement further down the coronary artery may result in serious vessel injury and perforation. Management of distal coronary perforation is challenging, and here we demonstrate the steps of using the readily available autologous fat globules by selectively injecting them into the small coronary artery to control the leak.
Rubidium Chloride Increases Life Span Through an AMPK/FOXO-Dependent Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hao Mengjiao , Zhang Zhikang , Guo Yijun , Zhou Huihao , Gu Qiong , Xu Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in life-span maintenance, stress responses, and germ cell cycle arrest upon dauer entry. AMPK is currently considered a promising target for preventing age-related diseases. Rubidium is one of the trace elements in the human body. As early as the 1970s, rubidium chloride (RbCl) was reported to have neuroprotective effects. In this work, we report the antiaging effect of RbCl in Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, we reveal that (a) RbCl does increase the life span and enhance stress resistance in C. elegans without disturbing their fecundity. (b) RbCl induces superoxide dismutase expression, which is essential for its antiaging and antistress effect. (c) AAK-2 and DAF-16 are essential to the antiaging efficacy of RbCl, and RbCl can promote DAF-16 translocating into the nucleus, suggesting that RbCl delays aging by regulating the AMPK/FOXO pathway. RbCl can be a promising agent against aging-related diseases.
Characterization of damage processes in Montney siltstone under triaxial compression using acoustic emission and diagnostic imaging
Authors: Jia Suzie Q , Wong Ron C K , Eaton David W 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARY
Crack nucleation and rock failure processes in a fine-grained siltstone (Montney Formation) under triaxial compression are investigated using combined diagnostic techniques, including ultrasonic-wave measurement, acoustic-emission (AE) monitoring, computed tomography (CT) scanning, and thin-section imaging. The sample displays a weak-to-moderate inherent seismic anisotropy and noticeable stress-induced anisotropy prior to failure. No AE event was detected until the applied axial stress reached 95 per cent of the peak value. The signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low, however, and detectable AE events are more diffuse than those observed in highly brittle rocks. The AE locations correlate with a shear fracture zone imaged by CT scanning. AE moment-tensor analysis reveals that events with larger relative magnitudes are characterized by high volumetric (tensile or compressive) components, and the initiation of the failure zone is dominated by combined shear-tensile (ST) failure. Stress inversion of the AE events with high tensile components is in good agreement with the known applied stress. Microscopic imaging of thin sections from the failed sample shows that the failure zone is an en echelon structure consisting of a major fracture with branching micro and minor cracks. This failure mechanism is consistent with a ST source mechanism and is interpreted to be associated with the fine granular structure and mineral composition of Montney siltstone.
International NGOs as intermediaries in China's ‘going out’ strategy
Authors: Farid May , Li Hui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
China's ascendancy as a global development actor has significant implications for geostrategic dynamics and international development. While the push to ‘go out’ has been seen as a major strategy of the Chinese state, the actors are increasingly diversifying, including Chinese state agencies, businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). We analyse the inconspicuous but important involvement of international NGOs (INGOs) in China's globalizing strategy. Drawing on in-depth interviews, we develop an integrated framework for INGOs as intermediaries in China's ‘going out’ strategy, based on the content of intermediary support (tangible vs intangible resources) and the function of the intermediary (bridging vs initiating). These intermediary roles have implications for how INGOs navigate conflicts between their domestic work in China and their outbound efforts, INGO legitimacy as actors that promote global norms or as ambassadors of the party-state, and the extent to which they facilitate Chinese expansion and soft power or shape China's global engagement. We show how INGOs as northern actors continue to play a role in South–South Cooperation. Our findings shed light on how global civil society chooses to invest its significant material and discursive resources, and how global actors under authoritarianism internalize, resist or promote its projects.
Accurate numerical simulation of electrodiffusion and water movement in brain tissue
Authors: Ellingsrud Ada J , Boullé Nicolas , Farrell Patrick E , Rognes Marie E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mathematical modelling of ionic electrodiffusion and water movement is emerging as a powerful avenue of investigation to provide a new physiological insight into brain homeostasis. However, in order to provide solid answers and resolve controversies, the accuracy of the predictions is essential. Ionic electrodiffusion models typically comprise non-trivial systems of non-linear and highly coupled partial and ordinary differential equations that govern phenomena on disparate time scales. Here, we study numerical challenges related to approximating these systems. We consider a homogenized model for electrodiffusion and osmosis in brain tissue and present and evaluate different associated finite element-based splitting schemes in terms of their numerical properties, including accuracy, convergence and computational efficiency for both idealized scenarios and for the physiologically relevant setting of cortical spreading depression (CSD). We find that the schemes display optimal convergence rates in space for problems with smooth manufactured solutions. However, the physiological CSD setting is challenging: we find that the accurate computation of CSD wave characteristics (wave speed and wave width) requires a very fine spatial and fine temporal resolution.
Social Group Size and Shelter Availability Influence Individual Metabolic Traits in a Social Fish
Authors: Chrétien Emmanuelle , Boisclair Daniel , Cooke Steven J , Killen Shaun S 
Published: November 2021

SynopsisGroup living is widespread among animal species and yields both costs and benefits. Presence of conspecifics can restrict or enhance the expression of individual behavior, and the recent social environment is thought to affect behavioral responses in later contexts, even when individuals are alone. However, little is known about how social group size influences the expression of individual physiological traits, including metabolic rates. There is some evidence that shoaling can reduce fish metabolic rates but this variable may be affected by habitat conditions such as shelter availability via density-dependent processes. We investigated how social group size and shelter availability influence Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) metabolic rates estimated by respirometry. Respirometry trials were conducted on fish in isolation before and after they were housed for 3 weeks in a social treatment consisting in a specific group size (n = 4 or 8) and shelter availability (presence or absence of plant shelter in the experimental tank). Plant shelter was placed over respirometers for half of the duration of the respirometry trials, allowing estimation of minimum daytime and nighttime metabolic rates in both conditions (in the presence or absence of plant shelter). Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and aerobic scope were also estimated over the entire trial. Minimum daytime and nighttime metabolic rates estimated while in presence of plant shelter were lower than when estimated in absence of plant shelter, both before and after individuals were housed in their social treatment. After the social treatment, SMRs were higher for fish that were held in groups of 4 as compared with those of fish held in groups of 8, while MMR showed no difference. Plant shelter availability during the social treatments did not influence SMR or MMR. Our results suggest that social group size may directly influence energy demands of individuals, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of group size on variations in physiological traits associated with energy expenditure.
Preserving Jewish heritage
Authors: Klein Michele 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The family heirlooms and Jewish ritual objects owned by Frankfurt-born Solomon David Schloss (1815–1911), an ardent Jew, who was much affected by the death of his young wife, shed light on how one man participated in the growing trend for preserving Jewish heritage in the late nineteenth century. The story of his collection, spanning a century and a half, coincides with the modern history of collecting Jewish ceremonial art. This account reveals, as with other types of art collection, a variety of motives, changes in meaning and challenges of provenance research. Schloss’s purchase of Jewish ritual items from needy Jews has added moral value to the collection, most of which has remained, as he wished, in the family. Although frequently loaned for didactic public display, the personal sense of ancestry that his objects embody distinguishes them from those in museums.
Specnuezhenide reduces carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice through inhibition of oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis
Authors: Hu Dongmei , Huang Shaojie , Ding Yi , Zhao Xian , Zhang Wei , Chen Haixia , Wang Jingwen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of specnuezhenide against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 ml/kg body weight of CCl4 (0.5% diluted in arachis oil) for acute liver injury after oral administration of specnuezhenide for 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the final CCl4 injection, mice were euthanized and plasma and liver samples were collected.

Key findings
The results showed that specnuezhenide markedly and dose-dependently reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and relative liver weight, as well as ameliorated histopathological damage caused by CCl4 and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Moreover, specnuezhenide promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 signalling-related genes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Finally, TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that specnuezhenide prevented CCl4-induced hepatocytic apoptosis by up-regulating B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression and downregulating Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression.

Conclusions
Specnuezhenide reduced CCl4-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2 signalling and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis.
Metal crossroads in plants: modulation of nutrient acquisition and root development by essential trace metals
Authors: Lešková Alexandra , Javot Hélène , Giehl Ricardo F H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The metals iron, zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, and nickel are essential for the growth and development of virtually all plant species. Although these elements are required at relatively low amounts, natural factors and anthropogenic activities can significantly affect their availability in soils, inducing deficiencies or toxicities in plants. Because essential trace metals can shape root systems and interfere with the uptake and signaling mechanisms of other nutrients, the non-optimal availability of any of them can induce multi-element changes in plants. Interference by one essential trace metal with the acquisition of another metal or a non-metal nutrient can occur prior to or during root uptake. Essential trace metals can also indirectly impact the plant’s ability to capture soil nutrients by targeting distinct root developmental programs and hormone-related processes, consequently inducing largely metal-specific changes in root systems. The presence of metal binding domains in many regulatory proteins also enables essential trace metals to coordinate nutrient uptake by acting at high levels in hierarchical signaling cascades. Here, we summarize the known molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying trace metal-dependent modulation of nutrient acquisition and root development, and highlight the importance of considering multi-element interactions to breed crops better adapted to non-optimal trace metal availabilities.
The Nell Dialogues
Authors: McQuellon Richard P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nell M. came to her therapist with an unusual problem: She was disappointed that her metastatic breast cancer, with the promise of ending her life, was not progressing on her hoped-for schedule. She had hoped her death would prevent her from witnessing her spouse’s mental deterioration from Alzheimer’s disease. This is how Nell’s story began and proceeded for a period of 40 weeks of counseling meetings, including 12 recorded sessions. This book consists of 12 illness narratives created in the presence of her therapist. These dialogues explore the challenges of managing the physical and emotional demands of cancer, relationship issues with family and healthcare professionals, and disturbing, anxiety-provoking thoughts and the mourning that accompanies the end of life. Nell’s vibrant voice is a beacon throughout the narratives, sometimes sad, yet always hopeful for a good death. Her ability to navigate the difficult territory of mortal time and dying informs readers about how they might approach their own ending with grace and dignity.
Introduction
Authors: McQuellon Richard P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This book tells the story of Nell M. and the author, her therapist, as they encounter mortal time. When Nell was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, she sought counseling because she wasn’t dying soon enough. The text consists of a compilation of 12 illness narratives in conversation with the author. Nell was disappointed that her breast cancer would not prevent her from seeing her husband deteriorate due to Alzheimer’s disease. She had hoped breast cancer would give her an easy exit. Her journey was guided by conversation in psychotherapy, a circle of family and friends, as well as her spiritual community, where she gained strength and sustenance. The narratives include commentary and reflections by the author/therapist as well as a section on coping with three important areas of a patient’s life: the disease of cancer and treatment-related symptoms, personal and professional relationships, and intrusive thoughts and troubling feelings. The therapeutic approach is supportive-expressive counseling with deep empathic listening and compassionate responding at its core. The dialogues include poetry readings and use of music, both comforting elements that inform the art of dying.
February 16, 2005—Seeking Witness
Authors: McQuellon Richard P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main theme of this dialogue is Nell’s slow movement toward death and her frustration at the delay. Her physical status is declining and she is visibly deteriorating. Since it is difficult for her to travel by car, we decided to meet in her home. She is frightened by her appearance changes and declares she looks like a beetle, with a bloated body and sticklike appendages. She longs for a witness to her bodily changes and yet is reluctant to ask her spouse Al to look at her. She is disappointed there is nowhere she can find the comfort of someone’s witness to her physical changes. She has met with her medical oncologist and come away frustrated because he has said death is not imminent and yet she is ready. Even so, Nell’s sense of humor is intact and she laughs about completing her income taxes: “Now I can die!” She has had an initial negative encounter with hospice and expresses her concern about their competence. She finds comfort in guided imagery introduced to her by her dear friend Mary, geographically distant but regularly present via phone call.
June 7, 2005—Grief and Sadness
Authors: McQuellon Richard P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nell’s tumor is expanding noticeably; her abdomen is grossly distended. She speaks sadly of losing 20 years of expected lifespan and her tears flow. Her disease trajectory is accelerating and accompanied by grief. She is weary, yet her conversational energy is strong and her spirits are high. She finds consolation in Buddhism, a bodhisattva and faith in a God who helps her accept fate. She now has a hospital bed provided by hospice. It allows her to get up and down more easily. Her legs are swollen, and her walking is limited. She eats very little. Nonetheless, she continues to live well as she approaches death, and our dialogue reflects experiences of both mourning and cheer. Her sense of humor is very much alive.
June 21–22, 2005—Departure
Authors: McQuellon Richard P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
These two meetings are dramatic and intense as Nell is entering her last hours. On June 21, she feels her energy “drop out of the bottom” and asks for a transfusion. Previously, it helped restore her vitality and made a big difference in her mood. Her physician feels it is not indicated, a very distressing answer for Nell. However, she realizes she is too weak to travel to the clinic and accepts that her body is shutting down. She is actively dying. She discusses objects she wants to give away and occasionally closes her eyes to rest, summoning the last of her energy to reenter our conversation. She is fading as she has predicted, just like Tinker Bell leaving this world for the next. Nevertheless, the life in her eyes ignites when we discuss her beloved tennis and the upcoming Wimbledon tennis match. On June 22, Al summons me to the bedside, where Nell is barely conscious. We both say goodbye as she takes her last breath. Together with her hospice nurse, we say a prayer. Nell has let go, not picking and choosing but rather accepting her ending.
Afterword—Therapist Reflections
Authors: McQuellon Richard P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This is the story of Nell embracing her life in the weeks prior to her death and the author’s part in witnessing and assisting her safe passage. She died peacefully as she had wished and prepared for these many months. The idea of mortal time engaged her and opened up a new period of discovery at the end. The constant presence of her spouse Al as well as her beloved cat Amber was a comfort on the journey. Walking with Nell was an invitation for me to cultivate self-knowledge by not only witnessing her narrative but also living in it with her. Suffering, sadness, and grief were all part of the journey as well as the gestures of kindness and appreciation to me, including naming me her bodhisattva, her guide on the road to eternity. Music and poetry helped ease the way. It was fitting to end our work together by giving the eulogy in the church she attended. The work of seeing Nell and being with her is complete. The heart-work continues, fueled by the images of Nell in mortal time.
Consciousness
Authors: Johnson L. Syd M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Consciousness is notoriously difficult to define. Several things are meant by consciousness: sentience, self-awareness, wakefulness, phenomenal consciousness, and more. There are also several consciousness-related ontological, epistemological, and ethical questions, including questions about what consciousness is, what creatures are conscious, how we can know who is conscious, and, importantly, questions about the ethical significance of consciousness. This chapter provides a sketch of several philosophical and scientific theories of consciousness as an introduction to medical, scientific, and philosophical inquiries into consciousness and unconsciousness.