bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early hunting dog from Dmanisi with comments on the social behaviour in Canidae and hominins
Authors: Bartolini-Lucenti Saverio , Madurell-Malapeira Joan , Martínez-Navarro Bienvenido , Palmqvist Paul , Lordkipanidze David , Rook Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe renowned site of Dmanisi in Georgia, southern Caucasus (ca. 1.8 Ma) yielded the earliest direct evidence of hominin presence out of Africa. In this paper, we report on the first record of a large-sized canid from this site, namely dentognathic remains, referable to a young adult individual that displays hypercarnivorous features (e.g., the reduction of the m1 metaconid and entoconid) that allow us to include these specimens in the hypodigm of the late Early Pleistocene species Canis (Xenocyon) lycaonoides. Much fossil evidence suggests that this species was a cooperative pack-hunter that, unlike other large-sized canids, was capable of social care toward kin and non-kin members of its group. This rather derived hypercarnivorous canid, which has an East Asian origin, shows one of its earliest records at Dmanisi in the Caucasus, at the gates of Europe. Interestingly, its dispersal from Asia to Europe and Africa followed a parallel route to that of hominins, but in the opposite direction. Hominins and hunting dogs, both recorded in Dmanisi at the beginning of their dispersal across the Old World, are the only two Early Pleistocene mammal species with proved altruistic behaviour towards their group members, an issue discussed over more than one century in evolutionary biology.
Ontology of the apelinergic system in mouse pancreas during pregnancy and relationship with β-cell mass
Authors: Strutt Brenda , Szlapinski Sandra , Gnaneswaran Thineesha , Donegan Sarah , Hill Jessica , Bennett Jamie , Hill David J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe apelin receptor (Aplnr) and its ligands, Apelin and Apela, contribute to metabolic control. The insulin resistance associated with pregnancy is accommodated by an expansion of pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) and increased insulin secretion, involving the proliferation of insulin-expressing, glucose transporter 2-low (Ins+Glut2LO) progenitor cells. We examined changes in the apelinergic system during normal mouse pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by glucose intolerance with reduced BCM. Expression of Aplnr, Apelin and Apela was quantified in Ins+Glut2LO cells isolated from mouse pancreata and found to be significantly higher than in mature β-cells by DNA microarray and qPCR. Apelin was localized to most β-cells by immunohistochemistry although Aplnr was predominantly associated with Ins+Glut2LO cells. Aplnr-staining cells increased three- to four-fold during pregnancy being maximal at gestational days (GD) 9–12 but were significantly reduced in glucose intolerant mice. Apelin-13 increased β-cell proliferation in isolated mouse islets and INS1E cells, but not glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Glucose intolerant pregnant mice had significantly elevated serum Apelin levels at GD 9 associated with an increased presence of placental IL-6. Placental expression of the apelinergic axis remained unaltered, however. Results show that the apelinergic system is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cell progenitors and may contribute to β-cell proliferation in pregnancy.
Habitat monitoring and conservation prioritization of Western Hoolock Gibbon in upper Brahmaputra Valley, Assam, India
Authors: Sarma Kuladip , Saikia Malabika Kakati , Sarania Bidyut , Basumatary Himolin , Baruah Siddhartha Sankar , Saikia Bhrigu Prasad , Kumar Awadhesh , Saikia Prasanta Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed at predicting the potential habitat of Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in the upper Brahmaputra River Valley, Assam, India, and identifying priority conservation areas for the species, taking canopy cover into account. We used the maximum entropy algorithm for the prediction of the potential habitat of the gibbon using its current distribution with 19 environmental parameters as primary predictors. Spatio-temporal analyses of the habitat were carried out using satellite-based remote sensing and GIS techniques for two decades (1998–2018) along with Terra Modis Vegetation Continuous Field product to examine land use land cover (LULC), habitat fragmentation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and tree cover percentage of the study area. To identify the conservation priority area, we applied a cost-effective decision-making analysis using systematic conservation prioritization in R programming. The model predicted an area of 6025 km2under high potential habitat, a major part of which was found to overlap with dense forest (80%), followed by moderately open forest (74%) and open forest (66%). The LULC change matrix showed a reduction of forest area in the predicted high potential habitat during the study period, while agricultural class showed an increasing trend. The fragmentation analysis indicated that the number of patches and patch density increased from 2008 to 2018 in the ‘very dense’ and ‘dense’ canopy regions of the gibbon habitat. Based on the conservation priority analysis, a 640 km2area has been proposed to conserve a minimum of 10% of gibbon habitat. The current analysis revealed that in the upper Brahmaputra Valley most areas under dense forest and dense canopy have remained intact over the last two decades, at least within the high potential habitat zone of gibbons independent of the degree of area change in forest, agriculture and plantation.
Comprehensive evaluation of loess collapsibility of oil and gas pipeline based on cloud theory
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Manyin , Sun Zhizhong , Zhang Huyuan , Zhang Yimin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe comprehensive evaluation of pipeline loess collapsibility risk is a necessary means to control the safety risks of pipelines in the collapsible loess section. It is also one of the critical scientific bases for risk prevention, control, and management. The comprehensive evaluation system of cloud theory consists of quantitative and qualitative indexes, and the evaluation system has the characteristics of randomness and fuzziness. In view of this problem, the standard qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation methods have intense subjectivity in dealing with the uncertainty problems such as randomness and fuzziness of the system, the cloud theory, which can effectively reflect the randomness and fuzziness of things at the same time, is introduced. The state scale cloud and index importance weight cloud of pipeline loess collapse risk are constructed by the golden section method. The uncertainty cloud reasoning process of the quantitative indexes and the expert scoring method of the qualitative indexes are proposed. The comprehensive evaluation model of loess collapsibility risk of oil and gas pipeline is established, and the engineering example is analyzed. The complete evaluation results of 10 samples to be evaluated are consistent with the results of the semi-quantitative method and are compatible with the actual situation. The evaluation process softens the subjective division of index boundary, simplifies the preprocessing of index data, realizes the organic integration of quantitative and qualitative decisions, and improves the accuracy, rationality, and visualization of the results.
Robust chitinolytic activity of crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) acidic chitinase under a broad pH and temperature range
Authors: Uehara Maiko , Tabata Eri , Okuda Mikoto , Maruyama Yukari , Matoska Vaclav , Bauer Peter O. , Oyama Fumitaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiet of the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) consists of both plants and animals, including chitin-containing organisms such as crabs and insects. This omnivorous monkey has a high expression of acidic chitinase (CHIA) in the stomach and here, we report on its enzymatic properties under different conditions. When we compared with Mus musculus CHIA (Mm-CHIA), Macaca fascicularis CHIA (Mf-CHIA) exhibits higher chitinolytic activity at broad pH (1.0–7.0) and temperature (30–70 ℃) range. Interestingly, at its optimum pH (5.0), Mf-CHIA showed the highest activity at 65 °C while maintaining it at robust levels between 50 and 70 °C. The degradation efficiency of Mf-CHIA was superior to Mm-CHIA toward both polymeric chitin as well as an artificial chromogenic substrate. Our results show that unique features of Mf-CHIA including its thermostability warrant the nomination of this enzyme for potential agricultural and biomedical applications.
DNA methylation profiling in mummified human remains from the eighteenth-century
Authors: Schmidt Marco , Maixner Frank , Hotz Gerhard , Pap Ildikó , Szikossy Ildikó , Pálfi György , Zink Albert , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReconstruction of ancient epigenomes by DNA methylation (DNAm) can shed light into the composition of cell types, disease states, and age at death. However, such analysis is hampered by impaired DNA quality and little is known how decomposition affects DNAm. In this study, we determined if EPIC Illumina BeadChip technology is applicable for specimens from mummies of the eighteenth century CE. Overall, the signal intensity on the microarray was extremely low, but for one of two samples we were able to detect characteristic DNAm signals in a subset of CG dinucleotides (CpGs), which were selected with a stringent processing pipeline. Using only these CpGs we could train epigenetic signatures with reference DNAm profiles of multiple tissues and our predictions matched the fact that the specimen was lung tissue from a 28-year-old woman. Thus, we provide proof of principle that Illumina BeadChips are applicable for DNAm profiling in ancient samples.
Cellular pathways during spawning induction in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Reuven Shelly , Rinsky Mieka , Brekhman Vera , Malik Assaf , Levy Oren , Lotan Tamar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn cnidarians, long-term ecological success relies on sexual reproduction. The sea anemoneNematostella vectensis, which has emerged as an important model organism for developmental studies, can be induced for spawning by temperature elevation and light exposure. To uncover molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying spawning, we characterized the transcriptome ofNematostellafemales before and during spawning induction. We identified an array of processes involving numerous receptors, circadian clock components, cytoskeleton, and extracellular transcripts that are upregulated upon spawning induction. Concurrently, processes related to the cell cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and other housekeeping functions are downregulated. Real-time qPCR revealed that light exposure has a minor effect on expression levels of most examined transcripts, implying that temperature change is a stronger inducer for spawning inNematostella. Our findings reveal the potential mechanisms that may enable the mesenteries to serve as a gonad-like tissue for the developing oocytes and expand our understanding of sexual reproduction in cnidarians.
Revealing the structure of the lensed quasar Q 0957+561
Authors: Fian C. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Motta V. , Muñoz J. A. , Chelouche D. , Hanslmeier A. 
Published: July 2021

Aims. We intend to use the impact of microlensing on the Fe III λλ2039−2113 emission line blend along with a measure of its gravitational redshift to estimate the mass of the quasar’s central supermassive black hole (SMBH).
Methods. We fit the Fe III feature in multiple spectroscopic observations between 2008 and 2016 of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q 0957+561 with relatively high signal-to-noise ratios (at the adequate wavelength). Based on the statistics of microlensing magnifications, we used a Bayesian method to derive the size of its emitting region.
Results. The Fe III λλ2039−2113 spectral feature appears systematically redshifted in all epochs of observation by a value of Δλ ∼ 17 Å on average. We find clear differences in the shape of the Fe III line blend between images A and B. Measuring the strength of those magnitude differences, we conclude that this blend may arise from a region of half-light radius of R1/2 ∼ 15 lt-days, which is in good agreement with the accretion disk dimensions for this system. We obtain a mass for the central SMBH of MBH = 1.5−0.5+0.5 × 109 M⊙, consistent within uncertainties with previous mass estimates based on the virial theorem. The relatively small uncertainties in the mass determination (< 35%) make this method a compelling alternative to other existing techniques (e.g., the virial plus reverberation mapping based size) for measuring black hole masses. Combining the Fe III λλ2039−2113 redshift based method with the virial, we estimate a virial factor in the f ∼ 1.2 − 1.7 range for this system.
Ovarian Tissue Reservation and Risk of Reimplantation in a Young Girl with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia after 6-Month Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Karimi-Zarchi Mojgan , Khalili Mohammad Ali , Binesh Fariba , Vatanparast Mahboubeh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the fertility preservation programs, ovarian cryopreservation is usually offered when the risk of premature ovarian failure is high (>30–50%) while the risk of ovarian metastasis is low. According to the guidelines, it must be done before the patient receives chemotherapy. A 22-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia was a candidate for ovarian cryopreservation after 6 months of chemotherapy. Despite chemotherapy, the anti-Mullerian hormone survey was within normal range. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation was done. In the histology survey, follicular density was 7.48. This case shows that only having a history of chemotherapy does not exclude the patient from the fertility preservation program. Regarding referring the patients for fertility preservation, cumulative factors such as a history of gonadotoxic treatment, age, and treatment protocol should be considered. In addition, the case was negative for assessing of CD45 marker. New data may challenge previous strict criteria, and extend the indications of this effective method in preserving fertility among cancer patients.
Analysis of Ear, Nose and Throat Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Eesa Mohamed , Mansour Waleed , Zake Lamia G. , Hendawy Ehsan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically spread all over the world, crossing the borders of all countries. It is presented mainly by lower respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness. However, COVID-19 causes different upper respiratory tract-related symptoms including nasal congestion, sore throat, and olfactory dysfunction.
Objective To discuss different ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations in COVID-19-positive patients and their relation to other manifestations and to the severity of COVID-19.
Methods We detected ENT manifestations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed positive COVID-19 patients at Zagazig Isolation Hospitals (Zagazig University hospitals, Zagazig Chest hospital, Al-Ahrar hospital, and Zagazig Fever hospital) with proportional allocation in the period from April 15 to June 15, 2020. All patients were subjected to full history taking and COVID-19 was categorized into 4 classes of severity after all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Afterwards, the collected data was analyzed and compared.
Results Among the included 120 COVID-19 patients, the most frequent reported ENT manifestations were; sore throat (30%), nasal congestion (28.3%), nasal obstruction (26.7%), sneezing (26.6%), headache (25%), smell and taste dysfunction (25%), rhinorrhea (20%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (15%), and tonsil enlargement (10%). The most common non-ENT manifestations were fever (88.3%), cough (63.3%), and dyspnea (45%).
Conclusion Fever and cough are the dominant symptoms of COVID-19, but ENT manifestations for COVID-19 are common and should be a part of the suspected clinical criteria for COVID-19, particularly if the nasal examination was nonsignificant. The most common symptoms are sore throat, followed by nasal congestion and obstruction, headache, and lastly, olfactory dysfunction.
Bereavement Among Adult Siblings: An Examination of Health Services Utilization and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Gazibara Tatjana , Ornstein Katherine A , Gillezeau Christina , Aldridge Melissa , Groenvold Mogens , Nordentoft Merete , Thygesen Lau Caspar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We aimed to examine the association of young and middle-aged sibling bereavement with use of health services and risk of developing mental health disorders over 24 months before and after sibling’s death. All persons aged 18–56 years who died of illness/natural causes between 2009 and 2016 were identified in the Danish Register of Causes of Death. The study sample included 31,842 bereaved siblings and 31,842 age- and sex-matched controls. Overall, the largest effect was observed for increased use of psychological services: For women, the peak was observed 4–6 months after the death (odds ratio (OR) = 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.85, 3.85) and for men in the first 3 months after the death (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 2.06, 3.36). The peak of being diagnosed in a hospital setting with any mental disorder for women was observed in the period 13–15 months after sibling death (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.07) and for men in the first 3 months after the death (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.32). Young and middle-aged adults who experienced the death of a sibling are more likely to use health services and are at risk of poorer mental health outcomes. During the bereavement process, young and middle-aged siblings are especially in need of mental health support, such as professional psychological counseling.
Heterogeneous nutrient supply promotes maize growth and phosphorus acquisition: additive and compensatory effects of lateral roots and root hairs
Authors: Wang Liyang , Li Xuelian , Mang Melissa , Ludewig Uwe , Shen Jianbo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Root proliferation is a response to a heterogeneous nutrient distribution. However, the growth of root hairs in response to heterogeneous nutrients and the relationship between root hairs and lateral roots remain unclear. This study aims to understand the effects of heterogeneous nutrients on root hair growth and the trade-off between root hairs and lateral roots in phosphorus (P) acquisition.

Methods
Near-isogenic maize lines, the B73 wild type (WT) and the rth3 root hairless mutant, were grown in rhizoboxes with uniform or localized supply of 40 (low) or 140 (high) mg P kg−1 soil.

Results
Both WT and rth3 had nearly two-fold greater shoot biomass and P content under local than uniform treatment at low P. Significant root proliferation was observed in both WT and rth3 in the nutrient patch, with the WT accompanied by an obvious increase (from 0.7 to 1.2 mm) in root hair length. The root response ratio of rth3 was greater than that of WT at low P, but could not completely compensate for the loss of root hairs. This suggests that plants enhanced P acquisition through complementarity between lateral roots and root hairs, and thus regulated nutrient foraging and shoot growth. The disappearance of WT and rth3 root response differences at high P indicated that the P application reduced the dependence of the plants on specific root traits to obtain nutrients.

Conclusions
In addition to root proliferation, the root response to a nutrient-rich patch was also accompanied by root hair elongation. The genotypes without root hairs increased their investment in lateral roots in a nutrient-rich patch to compensate for the absence of root hairs, suggesting that plants enhanced nutrient acquisition by regulating the trade-off of complementary root traits.
Nanopore base calling on the edge
Authors: Perešíni Peter , Boža Vladimír , Brejová Broňa , Vinař Tomáš 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Motivation
MinION is a portable nanopore sequencing device that can be easily operated in the field with features including monitoring of run progress and selective sequencing. To fully exploit these features, real-time base calling is required. Up to date, this has only been achieved at the cost of high computing requirements that pose limitations in terms of hardware availability in common laptops and energy consumption.

Results
We developed a new base caller DeepNano-coral for nanopore sequencing, which is optimized to run on the Coral Edge Tensor Processing Unit, a small USB-attached hardware accelerator. To achieve this goal, we have designed new versions of two key components used in convolutional neural networks for speech recognition and base calling. In our components, we propose a new way of factorization of a full convolution into smaller operations, which decreases memory access operations, memory access being a bottleneck on this device. DeepNano-coral achieves real-time base calling during sequencing with the accuracy slightly better than the fast mode of the Guppy base caller and is extremely energy efficient, using only 10 W of power.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/fmfi-compbio/coral-basecaller

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Patterns and drivers determining phyllostomid bat diversity in land-bridge islands off the south-east coast of Brazil
Authors: Carvalho William Douglas , Lourenço Elizabete Captivo , Costa Luciana Moraes , Bergallo Helena Godoy , Esbérard Carlos Eduardo Lustosa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFew studies that apply the theory of island biogeography have considered the functional and phylogenetic dimensions of diversity. However, the joint use of the three diversity dimensions, i.e. taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic, can help us to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we compare phyllostomid bat assemblages between five land-bridge islands off the south-east coast of Brazil and compare these islands with three sites on the mainland. For this, we have estimated the three dimensions of α- and β-diversity, nestedness and community indexes based on mean trait values for the islands and the mainland. The mainland showed higher species richness and taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. In addition, only species richness and phylogenetic diversity were positively related to island area. Taxonomically and functionally, the poorest assemblages (minor islands) were subgroups of the richer assemblages (mainland and larger islands). Taken together, our results show that bat assemblages of smaller islands tend to be more sensitive to changes in species richness than those of larger islands, with the larger islands working as a ‘source’ of species for small islands. These results demonstrate the high conservation value of the larger islands, which has direct consequences for local population dynamics of phyllostomid bats.