bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait groups as management entities in a complex, multispecies reef fishery
Authors: Anderson Louise , Houk Peter , Miller Mark G. R. , Cuetos‐Bueno Javier , Graham Curtis , Kanemoto Kriskitina , Terk Elizabeth , McLeod Elizabeth , Beger Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLocalized stressors compound the ongoing climate‐driven decline of coral reefs, requiring natural resource managers to work with rapidly shifting paradigms. Trait‐based adaptive management (TBAM) is a new framework to help address changing conditions by choosing and implementing management actions specific to species groups that share key traits, vulnerabilities, and management responses. In TBAM maintenance of functioning ecosystems is balanced with provisioning for human subsistence and livelihoods. We first identified trait‐based groups of food fish in a Pacific coral reef with hierarchical clustering. Positing that trait‐based groups performing comparable functions respond similarly to both stressors and management actions, we ascertained biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of trait‐group biomass and evaluated their vulnerabilities with generalized additive models. Clustering identified 7 trait groups from 131 species. Groups responded to different drivers and displayed divergent vulnerabilities; human activities emerged as important predictors of community structuring. Biomass of small, solitary reef‐associated species increased with distance from key fishing ports, and large, solitary piscivores exhibited a decline in biomass with distance from a port. Group biomass also varied in response to different habitat types, the presence or absence of reported dynamite fishing activity, and exposure to wave energy. The differential vulnerabilities of trait groups revealed how the community structure of food fishes is driven by different aspects of resource use and habitat. This inherent variability in the responses of trait‐based groups presents opportunities to apply selective TBAM strategies for complex, multispecies fisheries. This approach can be widely adjusted to suit local contexts and priorities.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling for dose selection for the first‐in‐human trial of the activated Factor XII inhibitor garadacimab (CSL312)
Authors: Pawaskar Dipti , Chen Xi , Glassman Fiona , May Frauke , Roberts Anthony , Biondo Mark , McKenzie Andrew , Nolte Marc W. , Jusko William J. , Tortorici Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFactor XII (FXII) is a serine protease involved in multiple cascades, including the kallikrein–kinin system. It may play a role in diseases in which the downstream cascades are dysregulated, such as hereditary angioedema. Garadacimab (CSL312) is a first‐in‐class, fully human, monoclonal antibody targeting activated FXII (FXIIa). We describe how translational pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling enabled dose selection for the phase I, first‐in‐human trial of garadacimab. The PK/PD data used for modeling were derived from preclinical PK/PD and safety studies. Garadacimab plasma concentrations rose with increasing dose, and clear dose‐related PD effects were observed (e.g., a mechanism‐based prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time). The PK/PD profile from cynomolgus monkeys was used to generate minimal physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) models with target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) for data prediction in cynomolgus monkeys. These models were later adapted for prediction of human data to establish dose selection. Based on the final mPBPK model with TMDD and assuming a weight of 70 kg for an adult human, a minimal inhibition (<10%) of FXIIa with a starting dose of 0.1 mg/kg garadacimab and a near maximal inhibition (>95%) at 10 mg/kg garadacimab were predicted. The phase I study is complete, and data on exposure profiles and inhibition of FXIIa‐mediated kallikrein activity observed in the trial support and validate these simulations. This emphasizes the utility and relevance of translational modeling and simulation in drug development.
Seeking survivals under COVID‐19: The WhatsApp platform's shopping service operations
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Siqin Tana , Chung Sai‐Ho , Choi Tsan‐Ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnder COVID‐19 outbreak, retail operations are seriously threatened. There are lots of cases in which physical stores basically have to stop operating. This creates problems to the firm, its employees, and consumers. Recently, Timberland in Hong Kong and various other brands such as Joyce Boutiques and The North Face have established the “WhatsApp Shopping Service Operation” (WSO) in which consumers can shop by using the well‐established communication tool “WhatsApp.” Salespeople in stores provide services via WhatsApp to assist the consumers without them having to visit the stores. We collect primary data from real‐world cases and theoretically explore WSO. We build a standard consumer utility based model to derive the firm's optimal pricing and employment decisions under different cases. We evaluate the impacts of COVID‐19 and values of WSO implementation from the “Worker‐Consumer‐Company” (WCC) welfare perspective. Our results interestingly imply that WSO is superior to the traditional online channel in terms of keeping business under the pandemic; meanwhile, implementing WSO can help stimulate demand in the physical store under COVID‐19. However, whether WSO is effective to help increase the firm's profit and WCC welfare depends on both consumer type' distribution and consumers’ fear of infection. When consumers’ fear of infection is very polarized (i.e., extremely low or high), WSO is not recommended. We further propose that the government's subsidy for WSO implementation could be an effective way to help the firm improve its profit and WCC welfare. We also check the robustness of our study by extending the model to consider endogenous consumer type, endogenous service level, and WCC‐welfare‐oriented firm.
Development of directed global inhibition, competitive inhibition and behavioural inhibition during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood
Authors: Hendry Alexandra , Greenhalgh Isobel , Bailey Rhiannon , Fiske Abigail , Dvergsdal Henrik , Holmboe Karla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function integral to self‐regulation and cognitive control, yet is itself multi‐componential. Directed global inhibition entails stopping an action on demand. Competitive inhibition is engaged when an alternative response must also be produced. Related, but not an executive function, is temperamentally‐driven wariness of novelty, known as behavioural inhibition. Understanding early development of these components has been hampered by a shortage of suitable measures. We combine established and novel measures to capture directed global inhibition (Toy Prohibition, Touchscreen Prohibition), competitive inhibition (A‐not‐B, Early Childhood Inhibitory Touchscreen Task; ECITT) and behavioural inhibition (Touchscreen Approach) in 113 10‐ and 16‐month‐olds (73 seen longitudinally). ECITT performance shows good 1‐week test‐retest reliability at 10‐months (r = 0.30–0.60) but little stability to 16‐months. Directed global inhibition performance shows developmental progression but little stability of individual differences from 10 to 16 months. Performance on measures targeting similar IC components shows greater coherence at 16‐months (r = 0.23–0.59) compared with 10‐months (r = 0.09–0.35). Probing of ECITT condition effects indicates toddlers are more able, compared with infants, to override immediate prepotencies; indicative of increasingly flexible control over behaviour. However, exerting IC over cumulative prepotencies appears just as challenging for toddlers as infants. Exploratory analyses show little evidence for cross‐sectional or longitudinal associations between behavioural, directed global and competitive inhibition. In combination, these findings indicate that IC is not yet a stable, unidimensional construct during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood, and highlight the need for careful selection of multiple measures for those interested in capturing early variation in IC.
Development of the Brief Educational Guide for Individuals in Need (BEGIN): A psychoeducation intervention for individuals at risk for psychosis
Authors: Herrera Shaynna N. , Lyallpuri Romi , Sarac Cansu , Dobbs Matthew F. , Nnaji Obiora , Jespersen Rachel , DeLuca Joseph S. , Wyka Katarzyna E. , Yang Lawrence H. , Corcoran Cheryl M. , Landa Yulia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimIdentification of individuals with psychosis risk (PR) through screening and specialized assessment is becoming more widespread in an effort to promote early intervention and improve recovery outcomes. PR individuals report interest in psychoeducation, though such interventions are currently lacking. Our goal was to develop a structured PR psychoeducation intervention grounded in theory and stakeholder feedback.MethodsBy following a step‐by‐step intervention development model, we identified relevant conceptual frameworks, developed the content and format, and obtained stakeholder feedback. This process resulted in a 5‐session PR psychoeducation intervention, Brief Educational Guide for Individuals in Need (BEGIN), with content conveyed visually via a slideshow presentation. PR individuals (n = 5) and parents of PR individuals (n = 5) reviewed BEGIN's content and format, and provided feedback through semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Major themes were identified through iterative thematic analysis.ResultsPR individuals and parents had a positive impression of BEGIN's materials and step‐by‐step format and psychoeducation about the PR condition. They indicated that the intervention was likely to encourage agency. PR participants emphasized the importance of a patient's decision regarding whether their family member(s) should participate in BEGIN. Parents reported that BEGIN is an important first step in treatment and offers a safe therapeutic environment. Feedback was then utilized to modify the intervention.ConclusionsBEGIN is desired by consumers and may lay the foundation for future engagement with treatment by facilitating agency. A feasibility trial is underway and future studies are needed to measure outcomes (e.g., treatment engagement) and evaluate BEGIN as an evidence‐based PR psychoeducation model.
Altered nociceptive behavior and emotional contagion of pain in mouse models of autism
Authors: Martin Loren J. , Poulson Sandra J. , Mannan Emma , Sivaselvachandran Sivaani , Cho Moonjeong , Setak Fatima , Chan Claire 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have altered sensory processing but may ineffectively communicate their experiences. Here, we used a battery of nociceptive behavioral tests to assess sensory alterations in two commonly used mouse models of ASD, BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR), and fragile‐X mental retardation‐1 knockout (Fmr1‐KO) mice. We also asked whether emotional contagion, a primitive form of empathy, was altered in BTBR and Fmr1 KO mice when experiencing pain with a social partner. BTBR mice demonstrated mixed nociceptive responses with hyporesponsivity to mechanical/thermal stimuli and intraplantar injections of formalin and capsaicin while displaying hypersensitivity on the acetic acid test. Fmr1‐KO mice were hyposensitive to mechanical stimuli and intraplantar injections of capsaicin and formalin. BTBR and Fmr1‐KO mice developed significantly less mechanical allodynia following intraplantar injections of complete Freund's adjuvant, while BTBR mice developed slightly more thermal hyperalgesia. Finally, as measured by the formalin and acetic acid writhing tests, BTBR and Fmr1‐KO mice did not show emotional contagion of pain. In sum, our findings indicate that depending on the sensation, pain responses may be mixed, which reflects findings in ASD individuals.
Jaw‐retraction exercise increases anterior hyoid excursion during swallowing in older adults with mild dysphagia
Authors: Hasegawa Shohei , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Yoshimi Kanako , Yamaguchi Kohei , Nakane Ayako , Ishii Miki , Okumura Takuma , Hara Koji , Minakuchi Shunsuke , Tohara Haruka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed jaw‐retraction exercise for strengthening the geniohyoid muscle and thus improving the anterior movement of the hyoid bone during swallowing.BackgroundAlthough previous studies suggest a relationship between anterior hyoid excursion and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening, there are currently no reports of physical exercises without the use of special equipment that can effectively improve this movement of the hyoid bone during swallowing.Materials and methodsThis before‐after study included patients presenting to the authors' hospital with mild dysphagia (Level 5 on the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale). The participants were instructed to perform a jaw‐retraction exercise designed to strengthen the geniohyoid muscle. Each participant was instructed to perform two sets of the exercise daily for four weeks, with each set consisting of five repetitions. Before and after the four‐week training period, videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were performed and later analysed.ResultsTwenty‐five patients with a median age of 77 were included. The median peak anterior hyoid position before and after exercise were 129.82 and 132.74 (%C2‐C4 length), respectively, and this increase was found to be significant (P = .007). The median extent of UES opening before and after exercise were 8.6 and 9.3 (mm), respectively, and this increase was also found to be significant (P = .040).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the jaw‐retraction exercise can effectively improve the anterior movement of the hyoid bone. This exercise may be effective in individuals with oral frailty when signs of swallowing disorders are observed.
Contextualising colonial violence: Causality, continuity and the Holocaust
Authors: Bomholt Nielsen Mads 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article considers the problems that arises in linking colonialism and colonial violence to the rise of Nazism and the Holocaust. Links between colonialism and the rise of Nazism and the Holocaust, have again become popular with the increased focus on colonial violence. In German colonial history, a dominant tendency has been the ‘colonialsonderweg’ where continuities are drawn from colonial Africa to the Holocaust. Recently, British colonial violence too has been contextualised with the Holocaust, thus expanding the continuity thesis. Furthermore, Germany's confrontation with the Holocaust after 1945, some argue, serves as a model for how Britain should confront its past as a colonial power. This article argues that the invocation of the Holocaust as a benchmark for violence and a way to gauge colonial violence is generally unproductive and problematic. While intended to promote the historical significance of colonial violence, it does the opposite: it reduces it to a precursor and flattens the historical complexities that explained colonialism and colonial violence. Colonial violence, it is argued, is in itself significant and should therefore be separated from the Holocaust if we are to maintain its colonial context and historical specificity.
IgG seroprevalence of COVID‐19 among people living with HIV or at high risk of HIV in south‐west Germany: A seroprevalence study
Authors: Kaddu‐Mulindwa Dominic , Keuser Lukas , Lesan Vadim , Rissland Jürgen , Smola Sigrun , Werdecker Victoria , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Christofyllakis Konstantinos , Thurner Lorenz , Bewarder Moritz , Lohr Benedikt , Lutz Jens , Lohse Stefan , Rieke Ansgar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesSeroprevalence studies of SARS‐CoV‐2 have shown that there is a high number of undiagnosed missing cases. Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in people living with HIV (PLWH) is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a prospective cross‐sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 among PLWH without known diagnosis of COVID‐19 in the south‐west of Germany.MethodsSerological testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies based on two assays was performed in PLWH who visited the outpatient HIV centre of two hospitals from April to June 2020. Additionally, patients had to answer questionnaires about possible COVID‐19‐related symptoms and predefined risk factors. Moreover, we tested 50 non‐HIV‐infected patients receiving post‐ or pre‐exposure (PEP/PrEP) HIV prophylaxis.ResultsIn all, 594 (488 male, 106 female) PLWH (median age 51 years) and 50 PEP/PrEP‐users were included in the study. The estimated seroprevalence of the PLWH cohort was 1.85% (11/594), with 11 positive tested cases in the cohort. Among all patients, only five had COVID‐19‐related symptoms. One PCR‐positive patient did not show any antibody response in repeatedly carried out tests. None of the patients was hospitalized due to COVID‐19. Three PrEP users were tested positive. Three patients had been previously diagnosed with SARS‐COV‐2 infection before inclusion. The used questionnaire did not help to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients.ConclusionsDespite the limitation of being only a snapshot in time because of the ongoing pandemic, to our knowledge this is the largest study so far on seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in PLWH in Germany. Our study suggests that the seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in PLWH is comparable to those previously reported for parts of the general German population and that the questionnaire used here might not be the best tool to predict COVID‐19 diagnosis.
Investigation and properties of novel low melting glasses in the ternary system Sb2O3–PbO–Me2O3
Authors: Taibi Yasmina , Poulain Marcel , Legouera Messaoud , Mebrek Alima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew glasses based on Sb2O3–PbO association have been synthesized and characterized. The limits for glass formation have been investigated in ternary systems encompassing trivalent oxides such as Al2O3, Ga2O3, and In2O3 as the third component. Fast quenching is required to prevent melt crystallization, which results in thin samples. Chemical analysis shows a rather good agreement between nominal and analyzed compositions. Glass transition temperature, Tg, ranges between 255°C and 280°C, depending on composition. Density and hardness have been measured for typical samples.
Experiences of home as an aspect of well‐being in people over 80 years: A mixed method study
Authors: Almevall Albin D. , Nordmark Sofi , Niklasson Johan , Zingmark Karin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo (1) describe experiences of home from a well‐being perspective, (2) describe participant characteristics and well‐being measures in relation to housing type (3) and how the aforementioned aspects may affect well‐being in very old persons.DesignCross‐sectional, convergent parallel‐results mixed method design with semi‐structured interviews analysed by qualitative content analysis, in relation to descriptive statistics and specific well‐being outcome measures related to home.MethodsA total of 50 persons 80 years or older living in ordinary housing were interviewed (July 2017 to November 2018) about home in relation to well‐being, along with collection of participant characteristics and well‐being measures related to home.ResultsParticipants described how home had become increasingly important as it provided autonomy and acted as a social and occupational hub. However, autonomy was not unconditional, and home could also be perceived as a place of inactive solitude. Results were interpreted as relating to being in the margins of home and had a major impact on well‐being. Housing type seemed of importance with higher measures of well‐being for participants in single‐living housing compared with those living in apartment.ConclusionHome is increasingly central to well‐being in old age; however, very old persons also have to relate to being physically and mentally in the margins of being able to remain in the home. These aspects of home potentially have a major impact on well‐being.ImpactAs very old persons living in ordinary housing will constitute a larger segment of society in coming years, aspects of home can potentially have a considerable impact on well‐being for this age‐group. This study describes aspects of home that contribute to, or has adverse impact on well‐being. These aspects need thorough consideration in policy‐making and planning of health care that can affect experiences of home.
I see something you do not: Eye movement modelling examples do not improve anomaly detection in interpreting medical images
Authors: Eder Thésése F. , Scheiter Katharina , Richter Juliane , Keutel Constanze , Hüttig Fabian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhen interpreting medical images such as dental panoramic radiographs (Orthopanthomogram, OPT), errors are frequent. Previous research has shown that eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are a supportive training method for medical image interpretation to reduce errors. To date, EMME support for OPTs has not been verified.ObjectivesWe investigated whether a training with EMME and verbal explanations supports dental students in evaluating OPTs.MethodsDental students were randomly assigned to an intervention (N = 42) or a control group (N = 41). The intervention group received the EMME between pre‐ and post‐test. In a laboratory study, we measured students' gaze behaviour during evaluating OPTs and the detection rate of anomalies.Results and conclusionsThe training led to fewer, shorter, and later fixations on anomalies and no difference in visual coverage of the OPT. The detection rate of anomalies did not improve. We replicated the latter finding in an online study (N = 31). Students may not have been able to apply the information from the EMME to detect anomalies. The image reading processes changed to more efficient rather than deeper visual search.Major takeawaysThis study evaluated a training method with EMME for anomaly detection of OPTs. EMMEs did not improve the anomaly detection of dental students and changed their visual search process toward a more efficient rather than a deeper search.
Stage‐specific influence of temperature on the growth rate of Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) in early life
Authors: Jin Yan , Liu Zun‐lei , Yuan Xing‐wei , Jiang Ya‐zhou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince 1850, each successive decade has been warmer than any preceding one. Warming could make a major contribution to the growth of fish larvae. To evaluate the influence of water temperature on the growth of larvae who spawned in later spring and early summer, we selected Scomberomorus niphonius, which has important ecological and economic value as a sample fish species. We conducted high‐resolution spatiotemporal surveys during the 2015 spawning season at an important spawning ground in China. We found that the temperature required for larval survival was stricter than that for spawning. Within the appropriate temperature range, a rapid rise in water temperature was favourable for larval hatching, but S. niphonius hatched at relatively low temperature exhibited a faster growth rate in the yolk‐sac and pre‐flexion stages. The accumulated temperature and hatching temperature significantly affected the growth rate of S. niphonius larvae. The model that considered developmental stages provided a better explanation of the data than the model that only considered the temperature effect. The model improvement in terms of variance explained was higher for the early developmental stages than for the later developmental stages, suggesting that stage‐specific temperature influences were prominent in the earlier stages, like the yolk‐sac stage, and then reduced. Our results implied that water temperature anomalies could be hazardous to fish larvae, especially for fish spawning in late spring and early summer. Given that early‐life stage fish are highly sensitive to water temperature, it is imperative to incorporate the potential effects of climate change into fisheries management.