bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting environmental education, science–technology–society and ecological theory: possible pathways to reduce socioenvironmental problems
Authors: Noga Pietro Martins Barbosa , Orth Ritter Antiqueira Lia Maris , Jacinski Edson 
Published: September 2021

Social practices influence the production, application, and values of modern Science and Technology (S&T). The epistemological integration of science, ideology, and politics produces a complexity that is able to restore the capacity of science to deal with complex problems from several levels. Therefore, it is arguable that scientific education should be effectively committed to instrumentalization for citizenship, as well as to avoid misinterpretations, distortions, and social exclusion. This theoretical study aims to provide a useful guideline for teachers, scientists, and decision-makers focusing on the importance of education and general scientific training on conservation efforts, as to encourage the teaching classes to expand the conceptual framework by encompassing the sociopolitical outspread of S&T. The theoretical foundation was conducted based on two dimensions of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) within scientific education. We created some examples based on phytoplankton biogeochemical dynamics and coral reef conservation to fetch the integration of STS with ecological theory, which can be easily transposed into other subjects or disciplines. The discussion follows the logic that science popularization is a valuable tool for environmental education and a strategy for social inclusion in Brazil. However, the curriculum is an important mechanism driving scholar practices that demands further improvements, besides the academic training of the teachers and the support of the didactic textbooks. Finally, we encourage a policy of science popularization, designed to enlarge individual comprehension of our modern world, to stimulate public participation in decision-making, likewise, to reduce social exclusion and combat structural racism.
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH NATIONAL EXAM AND ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION USING BLOOM’S REVISED TAXONOMY
Authors: Lalogiroth Andreas , Tatipang Devilito P. 
Published: September 2021

The This study was conducted in the purpose of revealing the cognitive domains of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy in 2015/2016 English National Exam for senior high school level and also finding out English teachers’ perception on the result of 2015/2016 English National Exam questions for senior high school level. Furthermore, this study is classified as a descriptive study, for it analyzed questions used in National Exam and this did not deal with numerical data. The research investigated the cognitive domain used in the National Exam’s questions based on the revised form of Bloom Taxonomy. In addition, quantitative method, in this research, was used to support the qualitative one. This is to know the percentage of using cognitive domains in the questions. This also aims at deciding the most frequent or dominant level applied in the questions in accordance with Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy. Three versions of 2015/2016 English National Exam for senior high school level were chosen from three different programs in senior high school, natural science program, social science program and language program. From each program, the researcher took one version. Then, the questions were grouped based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy using checklist as instrument. In obtaining qualitative data, the researcher conducted a semi-structured interview and three schools were chosen in Tondano. There were six teachers to be interviewed. The finding shows that the cognitive domains of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy used in question items of 2015/2016 English National Exam for senior high school level are remembering, understanding, applying and analyzing levels. Specifically, remembering and understanding levels are the most frequent levels used. There are no evaluating and creating levels found in the exam questions. It was found that question items in 2015/2016 English National Exam for senior high school level are constructed to assess students’ lower level thinking skills. There is no aim at assessing students’ higher level thinking skills in the level of evaluating and creating. The presence of lower level thinking is not balanced with the presence of higher level thinking questions. Teachers have diverse perspectives on question items in 2015/2016 English National Exam for senior high school level related to Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy. The construction of the test should be the responsibility of the local government including schools considering that the real understanding and achievement of students are really known by the teachers who have been teaching and accompanying them throughout the school hours. The speaking skill test items should also be contained in the test.
AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING USED BY YOUTH IN KINIAR
Authors: Mawuntu Yulita R. , Wowor Deane , Kumayas Tirza 
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted to identify the forms of code mixing and to describe the social contexts where the youth it was conducted in Kiniar, one of the villages in Tondano used code mixing in their daily communication. Qualitative research design was used in this research. The data were collected in the form of words and phrases, not numbers. The data was taken based on participant observation and the data were collected by taking note. This research used the theory of Siregar. The data were collected and analyzed used the theory of Bogdan and Biklen. The results of this research showed that there are 4 codes used by youth in GMIM Tiberias Kiniar Church: Indonesia language, English language, Manado-Malay language and Toulour language. But Manado-Malay is dominantly used. The data were categorized into the types of code mixing: Intra-sentential mixing and Extra-sentential mixing. In relation to the result of the study, the researcher suggested that code mixing is not a barrier in communicating or saying something to people, but it may be considered as a useful strategy in communicating to people in formal or non-formal forum, cases, or situation, if the aim is to make clearer the meaning or the message of the speaker to the people or the audiences.
Why We Gather: Educational Empowerment and Academic Success Through Collective Black Parental Agency
Authors: Rall Raquel M. 
Published: September 2021

Though previous literature has explored the importance of parents in education, scholarship has failed to empirically demonstrate the influence voluntary parent groups have on the educational trajectory of Black students. Using institutional agency and community cultural wealth frameworks, the author qualitatively evaluates a Black parent group’s self-initiated efforts to influence the academic outcomes of high-achieving students. The author illustrates how one parent organization negotiates an environment in which their racial group comprises less than 5% of the population to effectively guide and support families as their students navigate academic success. Findings show that at least three critical components— accountability, alliances and networks, and legitimacy—are vital in the provision of collaborative support and agency on behalf of high-achieving students.
Choice With(out) Equity? Family Decisions of Child Return to Urban Schools in Pandemic
Authors: Cotto, Jr. Robert , Woulfin Sarah 
Published: September 2021

In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, most schools across the country closed in-person instruction for a period of time and many shifted to online schooling. Beginning in fall 2020, schools around the United States began reopening and many districts offered families a decision or “choice” to return their children to an in-person or online schooling experience. In many cities, this approach complicated existing school choice and permanent closure policies with already existing equity issues. Building upon previous scholarship on school choice and closure, this study draws on the concept of school choice with(out) equity (Frankenberg et al., 2010; Scott & Stuart Wells, 2013; Horsford et al., 2019). Using data from an online survey (n = 155 participants) in August 2020, this study examines why families (50% white, 50% people of color) decided to return their children to in-person schooling in Hartford, Connecticut. This study uses a mixed-method analysis of qualitative responses and quantitative data to understand family decisions to return to in-person schooling (Creswell, 2014). Rather than school choices with full equity considerations during the pandemic, these family responses focused on needs of childcare for full-time work and health safety. These responses suggest a partial equity in the landscape of available choices. The study raises questions about reapplying old forms of school choice to a new form of temporary school closure during pandemic.
Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among Female Nurse Students, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mustafa Hassanat Elbashir Mohammed , Elfaki Badria Abd Alla Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The aims of the study to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among females’ students to adopt strategies to combat these problems and decrease their risk.
Study design: A cross-sectional study design.
Methodology: It was conducted among 129 participants at Um Al-Qura University collage of nursing, 2017. Stratified proportional random sampling was adopted, structured questionnaire and checklist for body height and weight were used to collect data. Agreement from each participant was taken and then written consent was obtained. The data was analyzed used SPSS version 20. A descriptive statistic was done, BMI was calculated to estimate the prevalence and Chi Square test for statistically significant was used.
Results: Shown that the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 9.0% for each and insignificant (P=Value 0.266) similar among age groups.
The study included 129 females, 51% at age group of 22-25 years and 88% with moderate family income. Also, a high significant obesity 10%, was found among single, while overweight was a high among married participants 45% (P value= 0.002). Addition to high insignificant obesity associated with high family income (P value=0.450).
Conclusions: The study explored that the prevalence of both overweight and obesity were high and similar among participants age groups, and strongly associated with many risk factors which should be considering a serious health problem that need specific attention from the community and health sectors.
Formulation & Evaluation of Naringin Nanoethosome by Cold Method
Authors: Pawar Ashish Y. , Jadhav Khanderao R. , Naikwade Komal , Mahajan Tushar P. 
Published: September 2021

Naringin is a flavonoid which shows various pharmacological effects, such as, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant,cholesterol lowering activity, free radical scavenging activity. Although naringin is easily found in citrus fruits but has lower bioavailability, biodistribution and undergoes biotransformation to naringenin. To overcome this, the main objective of this work is to formulate nanoethosome formulation containing naringin. The use of nanoethosomes as vesicle drug carrier having ability to increase solubility, improve biodistribution, slows the biotransformation which improves the activity of naringin for treating neurological disorder. The ethosomes were formulated by varying the variables such as concentrations of soya lecithine, polyethylene glycol, and ethanol. The formulations were evaluated with entrapment efficiency, and particle size. Results specify that prepared nanoethosomes of naringin shows decreased particle size, better entrapment efficiency as compared to rigid ethosomes. The F4 was selected as optimized formulation which was further characterized for vesicle size determination. The F4 shows vesicles size of 145.9 nm having 83.9% entrapment efficiency. The nanoethosomes were proved to be significantly superior in terms of amount of drug permeated into the skin, with an enhancement ratio of 3.77 when compared to rigid ethosomes. Our results suggests that nanoethosomes are an efficient carrier for improved naringin permeation & stability.
Recovery of woody but not herbaceous native flora 10 years post old‐field restoration
Authors: Parkhurst Tina , Prober Suzanne M. , Standish Rachel J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Vegetation recovery in old fields towards mature reference states is often limited by abiotic and biotic thresholds resulting from agricultural land use legacies, as commonly highlighted using state and transition models. Old‐field restoration may include interventions (e.g. planting of vegetation) to overcome these thresholds and assist transition between states. However, our understanding of the effectiveness of these interventions is limited.

Using a point‐intercept transect method, we surveyed nine sites, each comprising a triplet of fallow cropland, planted old field and woodland reference plots to reflect states of old‐field restoration, from the degraded state to the reference state. We compared ground cover attributes, and richness and cover of woody and herbaceous flora species, using ANOVA and multivariate analyses.

We found that a decade after planting, cover of leaf litter and woody debris in planted old fields were significantly higher than in the fallow croplands; however, woodland reference conditions were not achieved. Cover of logs was similar to the fallow cropland. Woody species cover and richness were similar in planted old fields and woodland reference plots, with planted old fields having more than 60% of the shrub species richness and cover, and similar tree species richness, to the woodland reference plot.

In contrast, whilst herbaceous species contributed more than half the plant species richness in reference woodland plots, there were significantly fewer herbaceous species in the planted old fields, which were more similar to the fallow croplands. Cover of exotic annual forbs in planted old fields was about half that of fallow cropland, and exotic annual grass cover was similar to the reference woodland.

Our results show that active restoration of old fields increased leaf litter, woody debris and cover and richness of trees and perennial shrubs. However, native herbaceous species richness, and to some extent cover, remained similar to the fallow cropland. To effect transitioning of the herbaceous layer to the woodland reference state, further intervention such as removal of exotics, followed by sowing or planting native herbaceous species, may be necessary.
Ultrasound Classification of Finger Pulp Blood Flow in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lescoat Alain , Robin François , Belhomme Nicolas , Ballerie Alice , de Saint Riquier Marine , Sebillot Martine , Albert Jean‐David , Le Gallou Thomas , Perdriger Aleth , Jégo Patrick , Coiffier Guillaume , Cazalets Claire 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo define a semiquantitative classification of finger pulp blood flow (FPBF) and to evaluate whether this classification could be used to assess FPBF in healthy controls and in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.MethodsThirty controls and 86 SSc patients were consecutively included. A classification of FPBF including 5 grades (from grade 0 [no signal] to 4 [signal detected on the entire finger pulp, including the subepidermal vascular network]) was evaluated. This classification was explored in basal conditions and after hand baths in hot and cold water in controls. Its relevance was also assessed at room temperature in SSc patients.ResultsIn controls, power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) of FPBF was improved after hot challenge (P = 0.024), whereas cold challenge decreased FPBF (P = 0.001). FPBF correlated with the vasodilation status assessed by the resistivity index of radial arteries (Spearman's correlation coefficient = –0.50, P = 0.0049). Grade 0 was more frequent in SSc patients than in controls (22.1% versus 3.3%; P < 0.05). In SSc patients, grade 0 was associated with severity markers of the digital vasculopathy such as digital ulcers (DUs) (current or past) (P < 0.05) or ulnar artery occlusion (P < 0.05). On the other hand, DUs were less frequent in patients with grade 4 (P < 0.05). A pathologic threshold of <2 (grade 0 or 1) was significantly associated with DUs (odds ratio 6.67 [95% confidence interval 2.31–19.21], P < 0.0001).ConclusionPDUS allowed a semiquantitative evaluation of FBPF in SSc patients and controls. Further studies are warranted to validate these results in independent SSc populations and to compare PDUS to existing tools assessing digital blood flow.
Advanced Engineering for Cathode in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: Flexible 3D Hierarchical Porous Architecture Design and Its Functional Modification
Authors: Wu Yuan‐Guo , Zhu Xing‐Bao , Wan Wei‐Hua , Man Zi‐Ning , Wang Yu , Lü Zhe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModern technology constantly requires smaller, more efficient lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). To meet this need, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is used to create an innovative cathode design with both a hierarchical porous nanostructure and a 3D flexible macroscopical morphology. This method employs architectural optimization to further improve cathodic ORR and OER performance via heteroatom doping, surface‐sprouted carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grafting, and boundary exposing. The cathode consists of a 3D hierarchical porous graphene foam (PGF), along with RuO2 nanoparticles impregnated and nitrogen doped CNFs (RuO2@NCNFs), where the PGF serves as a structural support and cathodic current collector, and the RuO2@NCNFs work as a superior bi‐functional catalyst. The cathode delivers an outstanding discharge capacity of 8440 mAh gcathode−1 while maintaining a recharge plateau at ≈4.0 V, and can cycle for over 700 rounds without obvious degeneration under a fixed capacity. Notably, this free‐standing cathode can be directly used in LOBs without the need for additional substrates or current collectors. Therefore, the current densities and capacities herein are calculated based on the total weight of the cathodes. These results demonstrate the RuO2@NCNFs‐PGF cathode's remarkable potential for LOB applications, and this rational cathodic structure may be extended to other highly efficient catalyst applications.
Randomly Induced Phase Transformation in Silk Protein‐Based Microlaser Arrays for Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Fan Yuqing , Zhang Chunhuan , Gao Zhenhua , Zhou Wu , Hou Yue , Zhou Zhonghao , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnticounterfeiting labels based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) exhibit high security with unreplicable code outputs, making them an ideal platform to realize unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Although various schemes are proposed for PUF labels, the utilization of natural randomness suffers from unpredictable signal extraction sites, which poses a challenge to efficient and convenient authentication for practical anticounterfeiting applications. Here, a covert optical PUF‐based cryptographic protocol from silk protein‐based microlaser (SML) arrays that possess hidden randomness of lasers for unclonable lasing signals as well as a defined location for efficient identification is proposed. The initial SMLs are patterned by casting laser dye‐doped regenerated silk fibroin solution, resulting in a uniform microlaser array with regulated positions. With the SML array as substrate, random methanol microdroplets are stochastically sprayed on the SML array, which eventually induces uneven lasing signal changes of the patterned microlasers. The treated SML array possesses the deterministic readout sites of laser signals and unrepeatable signal distribution characteristics, which can guarantee efficient authentication and high security when serving as an anticounterfeiting label.
Switchable Photonic Bio‐Adhesive Materials
Authors: Kim Minkyu , Lee Hansol , Krecker Michelle C. , Bukharina Daria , Nepal Dhriti , Bunning Timothy J. , Tsukruk Vladimir V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA soft photonic bio‐adhesive material is designed with real‐time colorimetrical monitoring of switchable adhesion by integrating a responsive bio‐photonic matrix with mobile hydrogen‐binding networking. Synergetic materials sequencing creates a unique iridescent appearance directly coupled with both adhesive ability and shearing strength, in a highly reversible manner. The responsive photonic materials, having a physically hydrogen‐bonded chiral nematic organization, vary their adhesion strength due to a transition in cohesive and interfacial failure mechanism in humid surroundings. The bright color appearance shifts from blue to red to transparent and back due to a change in pitch length of the chiral helicoidal organization that also triggers coupled changes in both mechanical strength and interfacial adhesion. Such reversible strength‐adhesion‐iridescence triple‐coupling phenomenon is further explored for design of super‐strong switchable bio‐adhesives for synthetic/biological surfaces with quick remotely triggered sticky‐to‐nonsticky transitions, removable conformal soft stickers, and wound dressings with visual monitoring of the healing process, to colorimetric stickers for contaminated respiratory masks.
A General Crosslinker Strategy to Realize Intrinsic Frozen Resistance of Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Dong , Liu Yonglan , Liu Yanghe , Peng Yipeng , Tang Yijing , Xiong Liming , Gong Xiong , Zheng Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDevelopment and understanding of antifreezing materials are fundamentally and practically important for materials design and delivery. However, almost all of antifreezing materials are either organic/icephobic materials containing no water or hydrophilic hydrogels containing antifreezing additives. Here, a general crosslinking strategy to fabricate a family of EGINA‐crosslinked double‐network hydrogels with intrinsic, built‐in antifreezing and mechanical properties, but without any antifreezing additives is proposed and demonstrated. The resultant hydrogels, despite large structural and compositional variations of hydrophilies, electrolytes, zwitterions, and macromolecules of polymer chains, achieved strong antifreezing and mechanical properties in different environments including solution state, gel state, and hydrogel/solid interfaces. Such general antifreezing property of EGINA‐crosslinked hydrogels, regardless network compositions, is likely stemmed from their highly hydrophilic and tightly crosslinked DN structures for inducing strong water–network bindings to prevent ice crystal formation from free waters in hydrogel networks. EGINA‐crosslinked hydrogels can also serve as a key component to be fabricated into smart windows with high optical transmittance and supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical stability at subzero temperatures. This work provides a simple, blueprint antifreezing design concept and a family of antifreezing hydrogels for the better understanding of the composite–structure–property relationship of antifreezing materials and the fundamentals of confined water in wet soft materials.