bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Plenary) The Status of SOFC and SOEC R&D in the European Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Programme
Authors: Atanasiu Mirela , Tsimis Dionisis , Aguilo-Rullan Antonio , Lymperopoulos Nikolaos , Dirmiki Dimitra 
Published: July 2021

The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) was set up in 2008 to accelerate the development of fuel cells and hydrogen technologies in Europe towards commercialization from 2020 onwards. To reach this target the FCH JU brings together resources under a cohesive public-private partnership to ensure commercial focus, to match RTD activities to industry's needs and expectations and to scale-up and intensify links between the Industry Community and the Research Community. Supported topics cover all fuel cell technologies, SOFC being mostly developed for the stationary heat and power applications, while SOEC technologies are considered for the hydrogen production applications.
There are different groups working in Europe on the SOFC/SOEC technologies and supported partially by the FCH JU. So far, around €218 million have been allocated to support 58 projects, which address specifically SOFC or SOEC technologies. Support to Solid Oxide technologies represents 40-50% of the support provided to energy-related projects. Largely thanks to this support, the EU is now a world leader on SOFC and SOEC technology with a well-established supply and value chain. In addition, a number of EU companies have commenced their efforts to increase their manufacturing capabilities with views to introduce their products beyond Europe. The FCH JU presentation will cover the status of R&D in Solid Oxide technologies in Europe including an overview of the European competiveness in this sector.
Occurences of publications, conferences, patents for the period 2010-2021 for SOFCs (right) and SOECs (left) – source: Tools for Innovation Monitoring (TIM) Too, Joint Research Centre

Figure 1
An Optimized Strategy for Fuel Cell Degradation Control in SOFC Power Systems
Authors: Zhu Jianzhong , Wu Xintao , Sun Kaihua , Han Minfang 
Published: July 2021

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is an attractive energy conversion device due to its high efficiency and fuel flexibility. Key operation parameters such as current, temperature and fuel utilization are critical variables in SOFC systems that directly impact efficiency and longevity. The degradation of the SOFC performance not only limits the operating temperature range of the SOFC stack in the system, but also simultaneously generates Joule heat, which further causes the stack to deviate from its initial thermal balance.
In this paper, a semi-empirical SOFC dynamic model with degradation is proposed and validated by experiment data. The degradation in the above model is developed based on current density, temperature and fuel utilization to simulate cell performance decay over time due to ohmic loss growth and the heat generation by cell resistance. The coupling between key parameters, stack performance and degradation during long-term load following and the impact of stack degradation on the entire system long-term performance is discussed and investigated. An optimized strategy uses both feedback and feed-forward control law is designed to track the desired power demand with the aim of mitigating the degradation and compensating the time differences between dynamics at different time-scale.
References
1. Shi W, Zhu J, Han M, et al. Operating limitation and degradation modeling of micro solid oxide fuel cell-combined heat and power system[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 252: 113444.
2. Zaccaria V, Tucker D, Traverso A, et al. Active Control of Fuel Cell Degradation in an SOFC/GT Hybrid System[C], Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017, 50831: V003T06A035.
3. Murshed A K M M, Huang B, Nandakumar K. Control relevant modeling of planer solid oxide fuel cell system[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 163(2): 830-845.
4. Das T, Weisman R. A feedback based load shaping strategy for fuel utilization control in sofc systems[C], 2009 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2009: 2767-2772.
5. Spivey B J, Hedengren J D, Edgar T F. Constrained control and optimization of tubular solid oxide fuel cells for extending cell lifetime[C], 2012 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2012: 1356-1361.
6. Sreedhar I, Agarwal B, Goyal P, et al. An overview of degradation in solid oxide fuel cells-potential clean power sources[J]. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2020, 24: 1239-1270.

Figure 1
Structural Stability of Nickel Electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Yashiro Keiji , Furuhashi Ron , Kawada Tatsuya 
Published: July 2021

1. Introduction
Long-term durability is an issue of solid oxide cells (SOCs). Degradation of SOCs is most pronounced in a fuel electrode, where length of three-phase boundary, that is active reaction site, decreases. The major cause of the decrease in the three-phase boundary is nickel aggregation. The mechanism of Ni aggregation has been proposed to be Ni transport through the gas phase by nickel hydroxide. However, experimental facts did not support the hypothesis, suggesting that Ni transport through the gas phase should not be major factor [2].
Because Ni-YSZ fuel electrode has a complex three-dimensional structure, it has been difficult to elucidate the mechanism of Ni transport. Therefore, it is natural to use nickel model electrode to simplify the evaluation of microstructure change of nickel, which will lead to the elucidation of the degradation behavior. Jiao et al. observed the microstructure change of Ni using Ni grid electrodes [3]. The structural change of Ni was attributed to change in wettability of Ni by applied voltage, where the wettability increased under anodic polarization and decreased under cathodic polarization.
In this study, we aim to establish a method to observe the structure change of Ni inside the electrodes by modeling the complex structure of Ni-YSZ porous electrodes using patterned electrodes.
2. Experimental
Fig. 1 (a) shows the simulated cross section of a symmetrical Ni-YSZ porous electrode cell. To model the cross section of porous Ni-YSZ fuel electrode, dense nickel-film patterned electrodes were fabricated on the YSZ substrate as shown in Fig. 1 (b) and (c). In this model cell, YSZ locating between two opposed nickel electrodes simulates the electrolyte, while the comb-shaped Ni pattern electrode simulates the porous Ni; YSZ surface between Ni fingers represents porous YSZ. Using this cell, transport of Ni in the direction of the electrode cross-section can be observed from top. After certain period of polarization to the cell, microstructure change of nickel was observed by microscope.
3. Results and discussion
After SOFC operation, the cross-sectional area of nickel electrode was the largest at the tip of the model electrode, suggesting that Ni migrated toward the tip. On the other hand, after SOEC operation, the cross-sectional area was larger toward the root, suggesting that Ni migrated toward the root. These migration directions were consistent with those assumed by wettability. The results confirmed that wettability contributed to Ni migration in the model electrode and that wettability-induced Ni migration also occurred in the porous electrode.
References
[1] M. Trini et al., J. Power Sources, 450, 227599 (2020).
[2] Z. Jiao et al., J. Electrochem. Soc, 167, 024516 (2020).

Figure 1
Penetrance of Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Blockade in a Genetically Prone Rat Model Is Reduced by Female Sex
Authors: Chaudhary Ketul R. , Deng Yupu , Yang Anli , Cober Nicholas D. , Stewart Duncan J. 
Published: July 2021

Background

We have previously reported important strain differences in response to SU5416 (SU, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor) in rats and have identified a specific colony of Sprague‐Dawley rats that are hyperresponsive (SD
HR
) to SU alone and develop severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with a single injection of SU, even in the absence of hypoxia. Interestingly, SD
HR
rats exhibit incomplete penetrance of the severe PAH phenotype with an “all‐or‐none” response to SU alone, which provides a unique opportunity to assess the influence of female sex and sex hormones on susceptibility to PAH after endothelial injury in a genetically prone model.

Methods and Results

SD
HR
rats were injected with SU (20 mg/kg SC) and, in the absence of hypoxia, 72% of male but only 27% of female rats developed severe PAH at 7 weeks, which was associated with persistent endothelial cell apoptosis. This sex difference in susceptibility for severe PAH was abolished by ovariectomy. Estradiol replacement, beginning 2 days before SU (prevention), inhibited lung endothelial cell apoptosis and completely abrogated severe PAH phenotype in both male and ovariectomized female rats, while progesterone was only protective in ovariectomized female rats. In contrast, delayed treatment of SD
HR
rats with established PAH with estradiol or progesterone (initiated at 4 weeks post‐SU) failed to reduce lung endothelial cell apoptosis or improve PAH phenotype.

Conclusions
Female sex hormones markedly reduced susceptibility for the severe PAH phenotype in response to SU alone in a hyperresponsive rat strain by abolishing SU‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis, but did not reverse severe PAH in established disease.
Greater Adherence to Secondary Prevention Medications Improves Survival After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Linked Registry Study
Authors: Dalli Lachlan L. , Kim Joosup , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Greenland Melanie , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Andrew Nadine E. , Thrift Amanda G. , Grimley Rohan , Lindley Richard I. , Sundararajan Vijaya , Crompton Douglas E. , Lannin Natasha A. , Anderson Craig S. , Whiley Leanne , Kilkenny Monique F. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
Although a target of 80% medication adherence is commonly cited, it is unclear whether greater adherence improves survival after stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). We investigated associations between medication adherence during the first year postdischarge, and mortality up to 3 years, to provide evidence-based targets for medication adherence.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of 1-year survivors of first-ever stroke or TIA, aged ≥18 years, from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (July 2010–June 2014) linked with nationwide prescription refill and mortality data (until August 2017). Adherence to antihypertensive agents, statins, and nonaspirin antithrombotic medications was based on the proportion of days covered from discharge until 1 year. Cox regression with restricted cubic splines was used to investigate nonlinear relationships between medication adherence and all-cause mortality (to 3 years postdischarge). Models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position, stroke factors, primary care factors, and concomitant medication use.

Results:
Among 8363 one-year survivors of first-ever stroke or TIA (44% aged ≥75 years, 44% female, 18% TIA), 75% were supplied antihypertensive agents. In patients without intracerebral hemorrhage (N=7446), 84% were supplied statins, and 65% were supplied nonaspirin antithrombotic medications. Median adherence was ≈90% for each medication group. Between 1% and 100% adherence, greater adherence to statins or antihypertensive agents, but not nonaspirin antithrombotic agents, was associated with improved survival. When restricted to linear regions above 60% adherence, each 10% increase in adherence was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality of 13% for antihypertensive agents (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.81–0.95]), 13% for statins (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.80–0.95]), and 15% for nonaspirin antithrombotic agents (hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.79–0.93]).

Conclusions:
Greater levels of medication adherence after stroke or TIA are associated with improved survival, even among patients with near-perfect adherence. Interventions to improve medication adherence are needed to maximize survival poststroke.
On Epigenesis
Authors: Miller Alexander , Malabou Catherine , Apter Emily , Szendy Peter , Bianchi Emanuela , Galloway Alexander R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
“On Epigenesis” consists of a series of interrelated short articles examining the philosophical concept of epigenesis, with a particular focus on Catherine Malabou's development of it in contemporary thought.
Alexander Miller introduces the topic of epigenesis and considers its significance as a new paradigm. He also presents the reader with an overview of Malabou's work on the topic: Drawing from recent advances in the life sciences as well as the Western philosophical tradition, he claims, Malabou has proposed “an epigenetic paradigm for rationality” for the 21st century.
Catherine Malabou explains that when, in 2001, the scientific journal Nature published virtually the entire sequence of three billion bases that make up the human genome, people were surprised: Only five percent of the sequence turned out to actually be genes. Assembled in bunches and clusters, they are separated by vast expanses of so-called gene deserts made up of DNA characterized as “junk” or “repetitive,” which is to say, non-coding. The sequencing of the genome did not offer the revelations that people had expected, marking the end of the “everything is genetic” creed and announcing the rise of the “epigenetic paradigm.” The present article analyzes the implications of this new paradigm in biology, philosophy, and hermeneutics.
Emily Apter situates Catherine Malabou's theory of epigenesis within a broader disciplinary context of Continental philosophy, the cognitive turn, and what a brain does or “is” as an object of aesthetic representation.
Peter Szendy argues that even if they are not the central focus of her philosophical work, media and medial metaphors play a key role in Catherine Malabou's understanding of epigenetics. Indeed, her views on the epigenetic paradigm shift could lead to a rethinking of mediality. A medium, according to such an epigenetic approach, would be neither simply a storage space nor a carrier: It would be what happens along with the events (whether they involve works or data) that it hosts or transports.
Emanuela Bianchi asks whether the epigenesis of “pure reason” can in any sense be “pure,” since epigenesis necessarily involves empirical processes. Foregrounding the topological involvement of the developing organism in its environment in both biological and psychoanalytic registers, she suggests a way forward can be found in thinking of the genesis of reason as both empirical and rational.
Alexander R. Galloway traces an etymological path from “epigenetic” back to the Greek verb “gignomai,” meaning “to be born” or “to become.” But what is becoming? And why is becoming better than (mere) being? One answer is that becoming helps one to escape the confines of identity and rote determination. But what happens when the epigenetic paradigm becomes dominant, when contingency, evolution, and becoming prevail over essence, stasis, and determinism?
Islamic Ethics and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Report on an Interdisciplinary 2020 Summer School
Authors: Elzamzamy Khalid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has touched every aspect of human life and posed a myriad of ethical questions. In an attempt to equip graduate students with the necessary tools to explore the pandemic-related questions from an Islamic perspective, a summer school titled “Islamic Ethics and the Covid-19 Pandemic” was co-organized by the Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics, Qatar and the Leuven Centre for the Study of Islam and Society, Belgium from 9 to 12 August, 2020. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of topics discussed during the school and to highlight a plethora of references which may be consulted for more information on the topic.
Evaluation and Validation of HF Radar Swell and Wind wave Inversion Method
Authors: Al-Attabi Zaid R. , Voulgaris George , Conley Daniel C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn examination of the applicability and accuracy of the empirical wave inversion method in the presence of swell waves is presented. The ability of the method to invert Doppler spectra to wave directional spectra and bulk wave parameters is investigated using one-month data from a 12 MHz WERA High Frequency (HF) radar system and in-situ data from a wave buoy. Three different swell inversion models are evaluated: LPM (Lipa et al. 1981), WFG (Wang et al. 2016) and EMP, an empirical approach introduced in this study. The swell inversions were carried out using two different scenarios: (1) a single beam from a single radar site and two beams from a single radar site, and (2) two beams from two sites (a single beam per site) intersecting each other at the buoy location. The LPM method utilized using two beams from two different sites was found to provide the best estimations of swell parameters (swell height RMS error 0.24m) and showed a good correlation with the partitioned swell in-situ values. For the wind wave inversion, the empirical method presented here is used with an empirical coefficient of 0.3 which seems to be suitable for universal application for all radar operating frequencies. The inverted swell parameters are used to create a swell spectrum which is combined with the inverted wind wave spectrum to create a full directional wave spectrum. The wave inversion method presented in this study although empirical does not require calibration with in situ data and can be applied to any beam forming system and operating frequency.
Increased Upper Arm Length and Loading Rate Identified as Potential Risk Factors for Injury in Youth Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Downs Jessica L. , Wasserberger Kyle W. , Barfield Jeff W. , Saper Michael G. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: July 2021

Background: In the throwing elbow, increased elbow torque has been correlated with increased injury risk. Additional insight into the relationships between anthropometric factors and elbow joint loading is warranted. Purpose: To investigate the relationship among physical limb length characteristics, elbow kinetics, and elbow kinematics in youth baseball pitchers and to examine the relationship between elbow varus loading rate and elbow kinetics. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 27 male youth baseball pitchers participated (mean ± SD: age, 15.8 ± 2.7 years; height, 176.3 ± 13.0 cm; weight, 71.7 ± 16.4 kg). Upper arm (UA) and forearm (FA) lengths were measured using a moveable sensor to digitize bony landmarks. Kinematic data were collected at 240 Hz using an electromagnetic tracking system. Participants threw 3 fastballs to a catcher at a regulation distance (60 ft 6 in), and the fastest velocity trial was used for analysis. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship among limb length characteristics, elbow kinetics, and elbow kinematics after accounting for the effects of body weight and height. Results: Pitchers with longer UA length experienced increased maximum elbow varus torque ( P = .005) and maximum net elbow force ( P = .001). Pitchers with an increased forearm to UA ratio had decreased elbow compression force ( P < .001) and exhibited a more flexed elbow at foot contact ( P = .001). Pitchers with greater maximum loading rates experienced greater elbow varus torque ( P = .002). Conclusion: In youth baseball pitchers, longer UA length and greater loading rate increase varus torque about the elbow during a fastball pitch. Clinical Relevance: Longer UA length and greater loading rate may place pitchers at risk of injury because of their relationship with kinetic values.
Injuries Associated With Subsequent Child Maltreatment Diagnosis: By Age, Race, Gender, and Medicaid Status
Authors: Negriff Sonya , DiGangi Mercie J. , Sharp Adam L. , Wu Jun 
Published: July 2021

This study examined injuries that may precede a child maltreatment (CM) diagnosis, by age, race/ethnicity, gender, and Medicaid status using a retrospective case–control design among child members of a large integrated healthcare system ( N = 9152 participants, n = 4576 case). Injury categories based on diagnosis codes from medical visits were bruising, fractures, lacerations, head injury, burns, falls, and unspecified injury. Results showed that all injury categories were significant predictors of a subsequent CM diagnosis, but only for children < 3 years old. Specifically, fracture and head injury were the highest risk for a subsequent CM diagnosis. All injury types were significant predictors of maltreatment diagnosis for Hispanic children < 3 years, which was not the case for the other race/ethnicities. Overall, these findings suggest that all types of injury within these specific categories should have a more thorough assessment for possible abuse for children under 3 years. This work can inform the development of clinical decision support tools to aid healthcare providers in detecting abusive injuries.
Eight-year follow-up of Artiflex and Artiflex Toric phakic intraocular lens
Authors: Royo Mariano , Jiménez Ángel , Martínez-Alberquilla Irene , Alfonso José F 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To analyse long-term efficacy, safety, visual and refractive stability and physiological changes of Artiflex Myopia and Toric phakic intraocular lenses (pIOL) separately throughout an 8-year follow-up. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: A total of 67 eyes of 37 patients underwent Artiflex Myopia (47 eyes) or Artiflex Toric (20 eyes) implantation for correcting myopia and/or astigmatism. Follow-up evaluations were performed 1, 3, 5 and 8 years after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative data included corrected (CDVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest refraction, endothelial cell density (ECD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) assessments. Efficacy and safety indexes were analysed. The vectorial analysis was performed using the Thibos method. Results: Mean CDVA and UDVA of both pIOLs significantly improved from preoperative to 1 year after implantation, and then it remained stable over the 8-year follow-up. The efficacy and safety indexes after 8 years were 0.94 ± 0.16 and 1.07 ± 0.18 for Artiflex Myopia and 1.00 ± 0.11 and 1.10 ± 0.15 for Artiflex Toric, respectively. The spherical equivalent (SE) significantly improved after surgery. J0, J45 and SE refractive components showed no changes between postoperative visits. A total ECD loss of 4.8% ( p < 0.001) and 10.4% ( p = 0.005) was found after 8 years for Artiflex Myopia and Toric, respectively. Conclusions: Artiflex Myopia and Toric pIOLs are a safe, efficient and predictable option for the correction of myopia and/or astigmatism. The vectorial analysis showed excellent rotation stability for the toric version.