bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated reefs support stable fish communities with high abundances of regionally fished species
Authors: Birt Matthew J. , Cure Katherine , Wilson Shaun , Newman Stephen J. , Harvey Euan S. , Meekan Mark , Speed Conrad , Heyward Andrew , Goetze Jordan , Gilmour James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts at isolated and inaccessible reefs are often minimal, offering rare opportunities to observe fish assemblages in a relatively undisturbed state. The remote Rowley Shoals are regarded as one of the healthiest reef systems in the Indian Ocean with demonstrated resilience to natural disturbance, no permanent human population nearby, low visitation rates, and large protected areas where fishing prohibitions are enforced. We used baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) to quantify fish assemblages and the relative abundance of regionally fished species within the lagoon, on the slope and in the mesophotic habitat at the Rowley Shoals at three times spanning 14 years and compared abundances of regionally fished species and the length distributions of predatory species to other isolated reefs in the northeast Indian Ocean. Fish assemblage composition and the relative abundance of regionally fished species were remarkably stable through time. We recorded high abundances of regionally fished species relative to other isolated reefs, including globally threatened humphead Maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum). Length distributions of fish differed among habitats at the Rowley Shoals, suggesting differences in ontogenetic shifts among species. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands typically had larger‐bodied predatory species than at the Rowley Shoals. Differences in geomorphology, lagoonal habitats, and fishing history likely contribute to the differences among remote reefs. Rowley Shoals is a rare example of a reef system demonstrating ecological stability in reef fish assemblages during a time of unprecedented degradation of coral reefs.
A machine learning risk score predicts mortality across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Greenberg Barry , Adler Eric , Campagnari Claudio , Yagil Avi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) guideline recommendations categorize patients according to left ventricular ejection (LVEF). Mortality risk, however, varies considerably within each category and the likelihood of death in an individual patient is often uncertain. Accurate assessment of mortality risk is an important component in the decision‐making process for many therapies. In this report, we assess the accuracy of MARKER‐HF, a recently described machine learning‐based risk score, in predicting mortality of patients in the three guideline‐defined HF categories and its ability to distinguish risk of death for patients within each category.Methods and resultsMARKER‐HF was used to calculate mortality risk in a hospital‐based cohort of 4064 patients categorized into groups with reduced, mid‐range, or preserved LVEF. MARKER‐HF was substantially more accurate than LVEF in predicting mortality and was highly accurate in all three HF categories, with c‐statistics ranging between 0.83 to 0.89. Moreover, MARKER‐HF accurately discriminated between patients at high, intermediate and low levels of mortality risk within each of the three categories of HF used by guidelines.ConclusionsMARKER‐HF accurately predicts mortality in patients within the three categories of HF used in guidelines for management recommendations and it discriminates between magnitude of risk of patients in each category. MARKER‐HF mortality risk prediction should be helpful to providers in making recommendations regarding the advisability of therapies designed to mitigate this risk, particularly when they are costly or associated with adverse events, and for patients and their families in making future plans.
Construction of Isomorphous Coordination Polymers with 2‐(3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl) acetate Ligand: Structures, Fluorescent Temperature Sensing, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Shen Chenhu , Xie Yibing , Kong Bingshan , Ma Jing‐xin , Yang Jinhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, four isomorphous two‐dimensional (2D) complexes, [M(PPA)(HCOO)]n (M=Zn (1), Co (2), Ni (3) and Cd (4)) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions by mixed 2‐(3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl) acetate (PPA) with transition metal ion (Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ or Cd2+). Single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction show that the four complexes are isomorphous. Due to different electronic configurations for Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+, the solid‐state fluorescence properties of 1 and 4, and the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility of 2 and 3 were investigated, respectively. The results show that 1 and 4 have obvious blue light emission at the range of 310 to 430 nm with 1.37 % of the quantum yield and 3.80 ns of the lifetime for 1 and 1.67 % and 2.43 ns for 4, respectively. Notably, the intensity‐based fluorescent temperature sensing reveals that both of them can be used as luminescent thermometers. Magnetic investigation of 2 and 3 reveals that strong antiferromagnetic interactions exist within the paramagnetic centers, Co(II) or Ni(II), with −29.09 K of Weiss constant for 2 and −64.02 K for 3, respectively.
Selective and Additive‐Free Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Mediated by a DMSO‐Tagged Molecular Cobalt Corrole Catalyst
Authors: Timelthaler Daniel , Schöfberger Wolfgang , Topf Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report on the first cobalt corrole that effectively mediates the homogeneous hydrogenation of structurally diverse nitroarenes to afford the corresponding amines. The given catalyst is easily assembled prior to use from 4‐tert‐butylbenzaldehyde and pyrrole followed by metalation of the resulting corrole macrocycle with cobalt(II) acetate. The thus‐prepared complex is self‐contained in that the hydrogenation protocol is free from the requirement for adding any auxiliary reagent to elicit the catalytic activity of the applied metal complex. Moreover, a containment system is not required for the assembly of the hydrogenation reaction set‐up as both the autoclave and the reaction vessels are readily charged under a regular laboratory atmosphere.
Chemoselective Deoxygenation of 2° Benzylic Alcohols through a Sequence of Formylation and B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Reduction
Authors: Richter Sven C. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA sequence of formylation and B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed reduction of the resulting formate with Et3SiH enables the chemoselective deoxygenation of secondary benzylic alcohols. Primary benzylic and tertiary non‐benzylic alcohols are not reduced by this protocol. The formyl group fulfills a double role as activator and self‐sacrificing protecting group. The deoxygenation of these formates is fast and can be carried out in the presence of other potentially reducible groups. Neighboring‐group participation was found in the deoxygenation of certain diol motifs.
Biocatalytic Approaches to the Enantiomers of Wieland–Miescher Ketone and its Derivatives
Authors: Bertuletti Susanna , Bayout Ikram , Bassanini Ivan , Ferrandi Erica E. , Bouzemi Nassima , Monti Daniela , Riva Sergio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiocatalytic approaches have been investigated in order to isolate the enantiomers of Wieland–Miescher ketone (1) and of its alcoholic derivatives (cis‐2 and trans‐3). Specifically, two enzymes from our in‐house metagenomic collection of oxidoreductases, IS2‐SDR and Dm7α‐HSDH, catalyzed the kinetic resolution of the starting racemic ketone 1 or its complete conversion into two diastereomeric products, respectively. Moreover, the kinetic resolution of the racemic cis‐alcohol (2) was very efficiently obtained (E≅2.000) by lipase PS catalyzed acetylation in dry acetone. All the products were isolated with ee≥95 %. Simple chemical elaborations of some of them allowed to isolate the missing enantiomers.
A Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Large Libraries of Artificial Macrocycles
Authors: Kharchenko Serhii H. , Iampolska Anna D. , Radchenko Dmytro S. , Vashchenko Bohdan V. , Voitenko Zoia V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiversity‐oriented approach to large artificial macrocycle libraries with a ring size of 13—18 atoms relying on the “build‐couple‐pair” strategy is disclosed. The “couple” phase included three one‐pot steps including consequent amide coupling of N‐Boc‐monoprotected vicinal diamines with two alkenyl carboxylic acids, followed by ring‐closing metathesis as the key “pair” step. The scope and limitations of the method were established for all three reagents. In particular, various acyclic, mono‐ and bicyclic aliphatic diamine derivatives with the N−C−C−N dihedral angle less than ca. 130° appeared to be suitable substrates. The proposed approach was used to construct a virtual library of 1.8 ⋅ 105 macrocycles derived from 12,283 different scaffolds. More than 40 % of members of this library contained a protected amino function and hence can be suitable for the post‐pairing modification, thus giving rise to at least a billion‐size chemical space based on the REAL‐type synthetic methodology. Validation of the approach under parallel synthesis conditions on a 383‐member subset showed a 61 % success rate over the whole 4–5‐step reaction sequence. Finally, the synthetic approach also worked on a gram scale (up to 8.0 g).
A General Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Opines through Asymmetric Pd‐Catalyzed N‐Allylation of Amino Acid Esters
Authors: Albat Dominik , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA stereo‐divergent synthesis of natural and unnatural opines in stereochemically pure form is based on the direct palladium‐catalyzed N‐allylation of α‐amino acid esters (up to 97 % ee or 99 : 1 d.r.) using methyl (E)‐2‐penten‐4‐yl carbonate in the presence of only 1 mol% of a catalyst, prepared in‐situ from the C2‐symmetric diphosphine iPr‐MediPhos and [Pd(allyl)Cl]2. Selected target compounds (incl. a derivative of the drug enalapril) were efficiently obtained from the N‐allylated intermediates by oxidative cleavage (ozonolysis) of the allylic C=C bond under temporary N‐Boc‐protection.
Fabrication of Electrochemical Immunosensor for Detection of Interleukin 8 Biomarker via Layer‐by‐layer Self‐assembly Process on Cost‐effective Fluorine Tin Oxide Electrode
Authors: Aydın Elif Burcu , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA highly sensitive impedimetric immunosensor for the determination of interleukin 8 (IL 8) cancer biomarker was fabricated via simple fabrication process. A silane agent with isocyanate groups, 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (IPTES), were utilized for binding of IL 8 antigen specific antibodies and self‐assembled on the fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate with a standard silanization chemistry. Under optimum experimental conditions, the designed immunosensor had a wide linear detection range of 0.02–4 pg/mL, a low limit of detection of 11.9 fg/mL and a high sensitivity of 4.42 kΩ pg−1 mL cm−2. The designed biosensor displayed high reproducibility and repeatability, good selectivity against interference biomarkers.
Physicochemical properties and microstructure of corn flour–cellulose fiber extrudates
Authors: Zhao Yilin , Zhao Chengbin , Tang Xudong , Zhou Jingyi , Li Hao , Zhang Hao , Liu Jingsheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, corn flour with 24% w/w moisture content was extruded, and cellulose at varied weight ratios was added in order to investigate its effect on the extrudate's physicochemical properties. Twin‐screw extrusion was divided into five temperature zones, and the screw temperature profile was 60℃, 120℃, 140℃, 120℃, and 110℃, respectively, and screw speed was 150 rpm. The cellulose content was 1%–15% w/w. Results showed that the addition of cellulose led to an increase in hardness, L* and b* of the extruded samples, and a decrease in degree of expansion, a*, thermal enthalpy of the sample paste. The sample paste exhibited a solid‐like characteristic. Microscopic morphology analysis showed that surface wrinkles of the sample increased with the increase of cellulose addition. The addition of cellulose can effectively increase the degree of puffing of corn flour–cellulose fiber extrudates.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the outcome of cognitive trajectories in older adults free of dementia: The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging
Authors: Krell‐Roesch Janina , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Machulda Mary M. , Christianson Teresa J. , Kremers Walter K. , Mielke Michelle M. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Vassilaki Maria , Geda Yonas E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are associated with the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We examined associations between NPS and the outcomes of global and domain‐specific cognitive trajectories.MethodsIn this longitudinal study conducted in the setting of the population‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, 5081 community‐dwelling, nondemented individuals aged ≥50 years (51% males) underwent NPS assessment using Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q), and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI‐II, BAI). Global and domain‐specific (memory, language, attention, and visuospatial skills) cognitive performance was assessed through neuropsychological testing every 15 months. Associations between baseline NPS and trajectories for individual yearly change in cognitive z‐scores were calculated using linear mixed‐effect models.ResultsCognition declined regardless of NPS status over the median follow‐up of 4.5 years. Presence of NPS was associated with increased cognitive decline. Differences in annualized change in global cognition z‐scores for participants with NPS compared to without NPS ranged from −0.018 (95% CI −0.032, −0.004; p = 0.011) for irritability to −0.159 (−0.254, −0.065; p = 0.001) for hallucinations. Associations between NPS and annual decline in global cognition were significant for most NPI‐Q‐assessed NPS and clinical depression (BDI‐II≥13). Participants with NPI‐Q‐assessed depression, apathy, nighttime behavior, and clinical depression had greater decline in all domain‐specific z‐scores; presence of delusions and anxiety was associated with more pronounced decline in language, attention and visuospatial skills.ConclusionNPS were associated with a more accelerated cognitive decline. Clinical assessment and potential treatment of NPS is warranted even in a community setting as NPS may impact cognitive decline in nondemented individuals.
Insertion Mutation in Tnfrsf11a Causes a Paget's Disease–Like Phenotype in Heterozygous Mice and Osteopetrosis in Homozygous Mice
Authors: Alonso Nerea , Wani Sachin , Rose Lorraine , van't Hof Rob J. , Ralston Stuart H. , Albagha Omar M.E. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Early onset familial Paget's disease of bone (EoPDB), familial expansile osteolysis, and expansile skeletal hyperphosphatasia are related disorders caused by insertion mutations in exon 1 of the TNFRSF11A gene, which encodes receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) protein. To understand the mechanisms underlying these disorders, we developed a mouse model carrying the 75dup27 mutation which causes EoPDB. Mice heterozygous for the mutation (Tnfrsf11a75dup27/−) developed a PDB-like disorder with focal osteolytic lesions in the hind limbs with increasing age. Treatment of these mice with zoledronic acid completely prevented the development of lesions. Studies in vitro showed that RANK ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and signaling was impaired in bone marrow cells from Tnfrsf11a75dup27/− animals, but that osteoclast survival was increased independent of RANKL stimulation. Surprisingly, Tnfrsf11a75dup27/75dup27 homozygotes had osteopetrosis at birth, with complete absence of osteoclasts. Bone marrow cells from these mice failed to form osteoclasts in response to RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulation. This intriguing study has shown that in heterozygous form, the 75dup27 mutation causes focal osteolytic lesions in vivo reminiscent of the human disorder and extends osteoclast survival independently of RANKL signaling. In homozygous form, however, the mutation causes osteopetrosis due to failure of osteoclast formation and insensitivity to RANKL stimulation. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
Piperlongumine attenuates oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptosis through modulating the GLUT‐2/4 and AKT signaling pathway in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Xu Ping , Xiao Juan , Chi Shuixia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current study was done to measure the role of piperlongumine (PL) on hyperglycemia interrelated oxidative stress‐mediated inflammation and apoptosis, inflammatory stress, and the diabetic insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), protein kinase B (AKT), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT‐2)/4 signaling pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)‐persuaded diabetic animals. Diabetes was initiated in experimental animals via a single dose intraperitoneal inoculation of STZ. Diabetic rats revealed an augmented blood‐glucose level with drastically diminished plasma‐insulin status. The functions of antioxidants were diminished with enhanced lipid peroxidation, conjugated dienes, and protein carbonyls noticed in diabetic rats' plasma and pancreatic tissues. An elevation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 proteins was noticed in pancreatic tissues as well as IRS2, AKT, GLUT‐2, and GLUT‐4 marker expressions were quantified in the hepatic tissue of control and diabetic rats. Oral administration of PL for 30 days drastically lowered glucose and higher insulin status in STZ‐induced diabetic rats. Impressively, PL oral supplementation considerably restored the antioxidant levels and reduced inflammation and diabetic marker expressions in STZ‐diabetic rats. These results were supported through a histological study. Moreover, PL also augmented the level of B‐cell lymphoma 2 and diminished the level of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein in STZ‐treated rat's hepatic tissues. Thus, we concluded that PL excellently rescued pancreatic β cells through mitigating hyperglycemia via dynamic insulin secretion, activating antioxidants, and inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in the pancreatic and hepatic tissue of diabetic rats.
PTHrP promotes development of mouse preimplantation embryos through the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway and nuclear translocation of HDAC4
Authors: Li Yuan‐Yuan , Guo Lei , Li Hui , Lei Wen‐Long , Fan Li‐Hua , Ouyang Ying‐Chun , Hou Yi , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Lu Sheng‐Sheng , Han Zhiming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP), the main cause of humoral hypercalcemia in malignancies, promotes cell proliferation and delays terminal cell maturation during embryonic development. Our previous study reported that PTHrP plays important roles in blastocyst formation, pluripotency gene expression, and histone acetylation during mouse preimplantation embryonic development. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of preimplantation embryonic development regulated by PTHrP. Our results showed that Pthrp depletion decreased both the developmental rate of embryos at the cleavage stage and the cell number of morula‐stage embryos. Pthrp‐depleted embryos had significantly decreased levels of cyclin D1, phospho (p)‐AKT (Thr308) and E2F1. However, Pthrp depletion did not cause significant changes in CDK4, β‐catenin or RUNX2 expression. In addition, our results indicated that Pthrp depletion promoted HDAC4 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in cleavage‐stage embryos by stimulating the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which resulted in dephosphorylation of HDAC4. Taken together, these results suggest that PTHrP regulates cleavage division progression and blastocyst formation through the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway and that PTHrP modulates histone acetylation patterns through nuclear translocation of HDAC4 via PP2A‐dependent HDAC4 dephosphorylation during preimplantation embryonic development in mice.
Atypical Ramsay Hunt syndrome (zoster sine herpete) with otitis media
Authors: Nishizawa Toshinori , Ishikawa Kazuhiro , Matsuo Takahiro , Higuchi Naofumi , Ishiguro Kenji , Mori Nobuyoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 21‐year‐old man presented with an acute onset of bilateral throbbing headache, left ear pain, tinnitus, and fever. There was no skin rash on his face. Otoscopy revealed hyperemia and exudate over the left tympanic membrane. The swab culture of the exudate grew methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and the patient was diagnosed as acute otitis media. Hearing loss and ipsilateral facial paralysis developed on hospital day 4. Despite the absence of typical bullous lesions, serology testing and polymerase chain reaction of the otic exudate for varicella‐zoster virus were positive. The patient was finally diagnosed as zoster sine herpete.
What can cerebrospinal fluid testing and brain autopsies tell us about viral neuroinvasion of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Li Yan‐Chao , Zhang Yan , Tan Bai‐Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo provide instructive clues for clinical practice and further research of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, we analyzed the existing literature on viral neuroinvasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. To date, SARS‐CoV‐2 has been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain parenchyma in quite a few patients, which provide undeniable evidence for the neuroinvasive potential of this novel coronavirus. In contrast with the cerebrum and cerebellum, the detection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 was higher in the olfactory system and the brainstem, both of which also showed severe microgliosis and lymphocytic infiltrations. As compared with the number of patients who underwent viral testing in the central nervous system (CNS), the number of patients showing positive results seems very small. However, it seems too early to conclude that the neuroinvasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 is rare in COVID‐19 patients because the detection methods or sampling procedures in some studies may not be suitable or sufficient to reveal the CNS infection induced by neurotropic viruses. Moreover, the primary symptoms and/or causes of death were distinctly different among examined patients, which probably caused more conspicuous pathological changes than those due to the direct infection that usually localized to specific brain areas. Unfortunately, most autopsy studies did not provide sufficient details about neurological symptoms or suspected diagnoses of the examined patients, and the documentation of neuropathological changes was often incomplete. Given the complex pathophysiology of COVID‐19 and the characteristics of neurotropic viruses, it is understandable that any study of the CNS infection may inevitably have limitations.
Abrupt change in Vietnam coastal upwelling as a response to global warming
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Ji Chao , Kong Deming , Guo Min 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTCoastal upwelling is of great social and economic significance to the human community. The Vietnam coastal upwelling is a fundamental part of upwelling systems in the South China Sea, western Pacific Ocean. However, its sedimentary response to global warming has been largely unknown. Here we reconstruct a 3200‐year sedimentary record based on high‐resolution geochemical analyses of a marine core from off the Vietnamese coast. The results reveal an abrupt sedimentary change since approximately 1950 ce. The abrupt change is explained by concurrent rapid intensification of the coastal upwelling. This can be ascribed to significant global change since the beginning of the 20th century. Global warming could enhance wind speed during the summer and strengthen the coastal upwelling. The forced upwelling results in an increase in nutrient availability and marine primary production; however, ongoing global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent algal blooms in this area.