bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Level One Trauma Center's Experience With the Posterior Approach to the Pelvis
Authors: Moon Charles N , Merkle Paul F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A retrospective review of the experience at Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center was conducted as part of a multicenter study to evaluate the true complication rate of the posterior approach to the sacroiliac joint. Between 1995 and 1997, 35 patients underwent 42 approaches, representing all patients who underwent the posterior approach by a single staff surgeon at these medical centers. All patients underwent follow-up 2*1 year postoperatively.
There were 11 (33%) preoperative nerve palsies. Three (11%) neurologic complications were found postoperatively, all of which resolved prior to discharge. There was 1 (2.4%) wound complication. There was Î gluteal flap for closure (open fracture) and 1 secondary wound closure. Five patients had prolonged wound drainage (>5 days). There were no skin sloughs in the series and only 1 patient developed a deep wound infection. Contrary to reports by advocates of anterior approaches and closed reductions, the posterior approach allows anatomic reduction of posterior lesions with an acceptable complication rate.
The Clinical History and Development of the Low Contact Stress Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sorrells R Barry 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has evolved over the past 30 years as a result of early prosthetic design failure. Hinge-type implants demonstrated a high loosening rate because of overconstraint. Curved-on-flat prostheses, which were popular in the late 1970s, became associated with a high incidence of polyethylene failure. The Low Contact Stress (LCS) Total Knee System (DePuy Orthopaedics Ine, Warsaw, lnd), a mobile-bearing knee arthroplasty design, was introduced in 1977. The LCS Total Knee System, now in its 25th year without alterations in articular geometry, has demonstrated clinical success and has had an impact on evolving prosthetic designs. Introduced in 2001, the LCS Complete Total Knee System provides further refinements in patient fit without changing the fundamental design principles. Surgeons are cautioned to use a well-proven clinical design, as biomechanical variations critically impact clinical outcomes.
Factors Affecting Polyethylene Wear in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kuster Markus S , Stachowiak Gwidon W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is fatiguetype wear, which can destroy a tibial inlay in <10 years. This deleterious wear mechanism occurs during cyclic loading if the yield stress of polyethylene is exceeded. Because increased stress on and within the polyethylene inlay is associated with increased wear, it is important to reduce the inlay stress by either activity restrictions or conformity changes of design. All stress parameters are more sensitive to conformity changes (eg, design changes) than to load changes (eg, activity restrictions). However, the reduction of stress on and within the polyethylene through increased conformity will increase the stress at the tibial fixation interfaces. An attempt was made to solve this problem with the introduction of mobile-bearing designs. Many mobile-bearing designs exist with good long-term results. One important difference among the various designs is the amount of flexion range with full conformity between the femoral component and the tibial inlay. Although a single radius design reduces polyethylene stress throughout the flexion range, it may be disadvantageous for a revision design to intraoperatively adapt to different degrees of constraint. Aseptic loosening and osteolysis due to small abrasive and adhesive wear particles have also been reported as a cause of failure. The design and material parameters affecting polyethylene wear in TKAs, as well as the potential detrimental effects of wear particle size, are the key issues in defining the life of a TKA.
Atrophy of Semitendinosus and Gracilis and Flexor Mechanism Function After Hamstring Tendon Harvest for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Irie Kazunori , Tomatsu Taisuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The cross-sectional areas of individual knee flexors and isokinetic flexion measurements were evaluated using computed tomography in 1 3 patients following semìtendinosus and gracilis tendon harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The atrophy of tendon-dissected muscles demonstrated variance with two peaks: >70% and <50%. In three patients whose semìtendinosus and gracilis muscles displayed areas <50% of the contralateral area, the cross-sectional area of the entire flexor group and work at >75° of knee flexion was 88.1% and 51.9%, respectively. Therefore, hamstring tendon harvest can induce atrophy of tendon-dissected muscles and decrease flexor function.
Comparison of Posteromedial and Subtalar Release in Surgical Treatment of Resistant Clubfoot
Authors: Tschopp Olivier , Rombouts Jean-Jacques , Rossillon Renaud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This preliminary study evaluated two surgical techniques for the treatment of resistant clubfoot: the posteromedial and the subtalar release. Two groups of matched patients with idiopathic clubfoot who underwent surgery between 1983 and 1995 were compared. In group 1 (12 patients, 1 8 feet), posteromedial release was performed. In this group, the results were satisfactory with a tendency to hypocorrection: 4 (22%) feet needed a secondary procedure (average follow-up: 97.8 months). Group 2 (12 patients, 17 feet) underwent complete subtalar release. The results were clinically better for group 2 (average follow-up: 38.8 months). Only 1 (5.9%) patient needed a secondary procedure. These results suggest complete subtalar release yields better postoperative correction than posteromedial release.
The Role of the Osteoconductive Scaffold in Synthetic Bone Graft
Authors: Vaccaro Alexander R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Autogenous bone is regarded as the gold standard for bone graft materials as it provides 3 elements necessary to generate and maintain bone: scaffolding for osteoconduction, growth factors for osteoinduction, and progenitor cells for osteogenesis. Allograft is more limited than autograft in these essential elements and yields more variable clinical results. Composite synthetic grafts offer an alternative that can potentially unite the 3 salient bone-forming properties in more controlled and effective combinations than can be obtained in many clinical situations, without the disadvantages found with autograft. This article examines the underemphasized but crucial role of the osteoconductive scaffold in the composite synthetic bone graft.
Use of a Novel β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Bone Void Filler as a Graft Extender in Spinal Fusion Surgeries
Authors: Gunzburg Robert , Szpalski Marek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Synthetic bone void fillers are gaining acceptance as graft extenders in spinal surgery. One such product is an ultraporous formulation of nanometer-sized particles of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). An ongoing prospective open-label, randomized, observer-blinded, comparative study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel β-TCP bone void filler as an additive to autogenous bone graft material in patients undergoing spinal fusion. Posterolateral instrumented or noninstrumented spinal fusion was performed at a single level or multiple levels with or without additional interbody fusion. Patients received autogenous bone on 1 side and autogenous bone augmented with extender (in a 1 :1 ratio based on the weight of the materials) on the opposite side, each patient serving as his or her own control. The graft material was placed at the level of the facet joints and the intertransverse processes. Patients were randomized to receive the extender on either the right or the left side. This article is a preliminary report on patients who have undergone this procedure.
Applications of Calcium Phosphate-Based Cancellous Bone Void Fillers in Trauma Surgery
Authors: Szpalski Marek , Gunzburg Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For more than a century, fracture repair has been augmented with autogenous cancellous bone grafting, which supplies 3 requisite properties: growth factors for osteoinduction, progenitor stem cells for osteogenesis, and scaffolding for osteoconduction. However, disadvantages to using autogenous bone include procurement morbidity, longer operative time, and limited availability. Allograft is more readily available but does not supply osteoinductive or osteogenic properties. Better alternatives for bone grafting currently include autologous bone marrow, ceramics, allograft demineralized bone matrix, and regulatory growth factors; however, none of these fulfills all 3 requisite properties. Replacement or augmentation of autograft with a calcium phosphate-based composite graft, which combines the best elements of each component into a single engineered graft, is discussed.
Elbow Heterotopic Ossification in Head-Trauma Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: de Palma Luigi , Rapali Stefano , Paladini Paolo , Ventura Angelo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heterotopic ossification is a disorder characterized histologically and radiographically by normal bone formation in soft tissues that normally have no ossification properties. In severe head-trauma patients, a high incidence of heterotopic ossification occurs. The diagnosis of this pathology in these patients often is difficult for residual neurological damage. The etiology of heterotopic ossification following head trauma is unknown. Similarities have been found between heterotopic ossification and myositis ossificans, a hereditary autosomal dominant disease.
Ultrasonography of the Infant Hip: The Significance of Provokable Instability With Normal Morphology
Authors: Reikerås Olav , Kristiansen Leif P , Gunderson Ragnhild 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The hips of infants 2- to 4-weeks-old were investigated with ultrasonography. In alt cases, ultrasonography verified morphologically normal hips; however, either a bilateral or unilateral instability of the hip could be provoked as demonstrated by ultrasonography. The first series of 27 infants (41 hips) were treated with abduction splint (Frejkas pillow) for 16 weeks. The second series of 28 infants (44 hips) were left untreated. All infants had repeat ultrasonography at 2 and 16 weeks and radiographs at 1 6 weeks. At 2 weeks, provokable instability was still seen in 1 0 hips in the treated group and 1 2 hips in the untreated group. At 1 6 weeks, all hips were ultrasonographically stable. The morphology was evaluated by alpha and beta angles by ultrasonography and also acetabular index by radiographs at 1 6 weeks. In all cases, normal hip development was noted wim no differences between die two groups. Therefore, sonographically, instability in morphologically normal or immature hips has no clinical significance.
Relationship Between Mortality and Proximal Femur Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Bettelli Graziano , Bianchi Giuseppe , Marinelli Alessandro , Stagni Cesare , Giunti Armando 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Four hundred ninety-three patients aged >65 years with proximal femur fractures were examined to assess the mortality rate within 1 year postoperatively. The risk factors that are most often associated with death were identified. Within the inhomogeneous group of patients, mortality was significantly higher in patients with poor mental status, with ≥2 pre-existing diseases, a 3 or 4 American Society of Anesthetists class rating, and a lateral fracture. Regarding treatment and rehabilitation, special attention needs to be paid to these patients postoperatively.
Writing to Learn: A Reconceptualization of Thinking and Writing in the Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Allen David G , Bowers Barbara , Diekelmann Nancy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The connection between writing and thinking has been radically reconceptualized in recent years. Whereas the previous view saw writing as recording thought, the new perspective sees writing as developing thinking. The change in views about writing is discussed and implications of the "Writing to Learn" paradigm for instructional and curricular issues in nursing are explored.
Relationship Between a Preceptorship Experience and Role Socialization of Graduate Nurses
Authors: Clayton Gloria M , Broome Marion E , Ellis Linda A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effect of preceptorship on the socialization of the baccalaureate graduate nurse into roles of professional nurses. Two groups, one having a preceptorship experience in the final quarter of their baccalaureate program (n = 33) and one having the traditional course (n = 33), participated in the study. Both groups completed Schwerian's SixDimension Scale of Nursing Performance on three testing occasions: prior to the course, immediately following the course, and the six months after graduation. There was a significant interaction effect between group and time. The preceptor group at the 6-month follow-up scored significantly higher on four of the six subscales as well as on the overall socialization instrument.
Comparison of Expected and Evidenced Baccalaureate Degree Competencies
Authors: Joyce-Nagata Barbara , Reeb Rene , Burch Sharron 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The defining of beginning competencies for the baccalaureate degree in nursing education has been an issue over the past decade. Many researchers have attempted to investigate the performance of graduates of the basic nursing preparation programs. At present, there is little that links education to practice.
The purposes of this study were to validate whether the competencies of graduates of baccalaureate degree nursing programs were as expected by nursing service administrators, and whether the expected competencies were evidenced in the work setting. A two-part questionnaire was administered to 142 directors of nursing in health-care settings in Mississippi. The research project requested an evaluation of the baccalaureate competency statement from two perspectives. On a five-point Likert scale, administrators were asked to evaluate if the competency should be expected of a baccalaureate graduate. The administrators then evaluated to what extent the competency statement was evidenced. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics. A mean for each competency was calculated for expected and evidenced responses. A difference of 30% between the expected and evidenced responses was deemed to be significant. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations for further study made.
Faculty Practice as a Requirement for Promotion and Tenure: Receptivity, Risk, and Threats Perceived
Authors: Herr Keela A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the receptivity of nurse faculty to the proposal of adding faculty practice as an additional requirement for promotion and tenure and to investigate the perceived risk and threats from introduction of this proposal. Factors that affect the risk faculty perceived are examined. Nurse educators from all faculty ranks in public nursing programs in 15 states in the southern region of the United States served as subjects for this study (N = 280). Findings indicate that nurse faculty are more receptive than resistant to the proposal requiring faculty practice as a requirement for promotion and tenure. A high negative correlation exists between receptivity to the proposal and the risk faculty perceived from implementation of the proposal. A measure of the threat to job perquisites correlated moderately with the risk faculty perceive from the proposal, with specific threats and benefits perceived by faculty identified. Implications for administrators and faculty are discussed.
Student Perceptions of the Links Between Nursing and the Liberal Arts
Authors: Peck Mary Lou , Jennings Sybillyn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article examines the extent to which nursing students are aware of the importance of liberal arts in their professional education. Based on a survey of nursing students and alumnae from a small, New York state college, the project further explored the channels through which they became aware of the significant links between these two aspects of their education. One finding is that nursing students give a relatively high weight to the importance of the liberal arts in their total learning process.
The more important conclusion is that students, on the whole, believe that they have made the links between liberal arts and nursing themselves. To the extent that other agents help forge these links, the most important seem to be nursing labs and clinicals, other nursing students, and nursing texts and modules. Students perceive that nursing faculty help draw links more often than liberal arts faculty, but neither rank very high.
Gerontological Curriculum in Schools of Nursing
Authors: Verderber Dolores Nelson , Kick Ella 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article investigates the availability of gerontological nursing programs that exist nationally and are found listed in the NLN Master's Education in Nursing: Route to Opportunities in Contemporary Nursing (1987). A sample of 12 programs offering gerontological nursing was selected from 64 schools listed. Six of the twelve (50%) schools of nursing responded to a survey for review and comparison of their programs for similarities and differences. The surveyed programs were compared with recommendations found in a review of the literature in four main categories: knowledge/course content, faculty, environment/clinical experience, and learner/student. The review of the responding programs followed the 11 recommended standards in the ANA Standards and Scope of Gerontological Nursing Practice (1987). Findings from the survey indicated similarities among the six responding schools, and indicated congruence with results of two previous national studies (AGHE, 1988 and ANA, 1986a). Specific findings in the study are discussed along with implications for gerontological nursing education. Recommendations are made for better defined curricula in gerontological nursing at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, more faculty qualified in gerontology, and further investigation of the learners or students entering gerontological nursing to facilitate curriculum development and appropriate instructional strategies.
Learning Styles and Learning Preferences of First and Fourth Semester Baccalaureate Degree Nursing Students
Authors: Wells Deborah , Higgs Zana Rae 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Learning styles and preferred learning approaches are believed to have an influence on student learning. This study compared the learning styles and learning preferences of first and fourth semester baccalaureate nursing students, as well as explored changes in learning styles and learning preferences from first to fourth semester. The two predominant learning styles of both groups of students were Abstract Random and Concrete Sequential. According to Gregore, (1982a), these learning styles are on the opposite poles in relation to perceiving and ordering information. No significant changes were found in learning style scores from first to fourth semester. Students indicated a range of preferences for 12 learning methods. Mean scores on three methods (slide/filmstrip, short lecture with question and answer, television/movies) dropped significantly from first to fourth semester. Implications for nursing education are discussed.
Burnout in Doctorally Prepared Nurse Faculty
Authors: Dick Margaret Jorgensen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This correlational study examined burnout in doctorally prepared nurse faculty and its relationships to management style, collegial support, and workload. The Matthews Burnout Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure burnout of 400 doctorally prepared American Nurses Association (ANA) members employed as faculty in schools of nursing. Analysis of 236 (59%) returns revealed that 39% of the faculty experienced moderate to high levels of burnout. Significant negative relationships (p<.05) were found between burnout and participative management, presence of collégial support, and time spent in research and in clinical practice. Multiple regression indicated that management style was the strongest predictor of burnout, with collégial support the second predictor.
The Level and Focus of Geriatric Nursing Content in ADN and BSN Programs
Authors: Fullerton Judith T , Lantz John , Quayhagen Mary P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The didactic and clinical focus of geriatric curriculum content within both associate (ADN) and baccalaureate (BSN) schools of nursing in California was reviewed. Geriatric nursing content experts confirmed the detail of a geriatric nursing curriculum, then determined which of the content items were basic to both educational levels, and which might be appropriately deferred to programs of baccalaureate preparation. Nurse educators may use the results of this study to guide curriculum development in both depth and breadth of content.
The Odds for Success on NCLEX-RN by Nurse Candidates from a Four-Year Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: Mills Andrew C , Sampel Mary E , Pohlman Vivian C , Becker Ann M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
First-time nurse candidates from a four-year baccalaureate nursing program were examined to identify predictors of success on NCLEX-RN. Five logistic regression models were tested to see if specific variables increased nurse candidates' odds for success or failure. The use of admission criteria was the poorest model in predicting performance. Cumulative grade point averages (GPAs) suggested that the end of the sophomore year was the best time for predicting success and the end of the junior year was best for predicting failure. Age was inversely related to successful performance in three of the five models. Using cumulative nursing GPAs, the likelihood of predicting success on NCLEX-RN increased at the end of each academic year.
Development of an Instrument to Measure Effectiveness of Clinical Instructors
Authors: Reeve Mary M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Evaluation of clinical instructors by their students is an important issue in nursing education. This study describes the outcome of the development of a method by which nursing students can evaluate their clinical instructors with a reliable and valid instrument. The instrument was developed using characteristics from the literature, which were rated in importance by students, faculty, and new graduates. The ratings are then subjected to statistical analysis using frequency, means, alpha coefficient, and item-to-total correlation and expert assessment to provide reliability and validity for the instrument and to aid in reducing the original list of 50 characteristics to a more usable number of 27. The instrument is pilot tested once with students rating clinical faculty. Results from the pilot are provided.