bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting major complications, mortality, and recovery in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Authors: Limpias Kamiya Kenji J L , Hosoe Naoki , Takabayashi Kaoru , Hayashi Yukie , Fukuhara Seiichiro , Mutaguchi Makoto , Nakamura Rieko , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Kitagawa Yuko , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been used in patients with dysphagia and inadequate food intake via an oral route. Despite being a procedure with a high success rate, complications and death have been reported. The aim was to identify the factors related to major complications and mortality, as well as PEG removal prognostic factors due to improvement of their general condition.MethodsPatient characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory data, concomitant medication, sedation, and indication for PEG placement were collected. Major complications, mortality, and PEG removal factors were assessed.ResultsA total of 388 patients were enrolled. There were 15 (3.9%) cases of major complications, with major bleeding being the most frequent in 6 (1.5%) patients. Corticosteroids were the independent variable associated with major complications (odds ratio [OR] 5.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–20; P = <0.01). Advanced cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–1; P = 0.05), albumin (HR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4–0.9; P = <0.01), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (HR 1.1; CI 1–1.2; P = 0.01) were considered risk factors for mortality. Previous pneumonia (HR 0.4; CI 0.2–0.9; P = 0.02) was a factor for permanent use of a PEG; however, oncological indication (HR 8.2; CI 3.2–21; P = <0.01) was factors for PEG withdrawal.ConclusionsChronic corticosteroid users potentially present with major complications. Low albumin levels and elevated CRP were associated with death. Previous aspiration pneumonia was a factor associated with permanent use of PEG; however, patients with oncological indication were the most benefited.
A snapshot of the 2020 conception of anatomic liver resections and their applicability on minimally invasive liver surgery. A preparatory survey for the Expert Consensus Meeting on Precision Anatomy for Minimally Invasive HBP Surgery
Authors: Ciria Ruben , Berardi Giammauro , Nishino Hitoe , Chan Albert C.Y. , Chanwat Rawisak , Chen Kuo‐Hsin , Chen Yajin , Cheung Tan To , Fuks David , Geller David A. , Iwashita Yukio , Liu Rong , López‐Ben Santiago , Yamamoto Masakazu , Wakabayashi Go ,   Study group of Precision Anatomy for Minimally Invasive Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic surgery (PAM‐HBP surgery)
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe main aim of this survey was to analyze how liver surgeons perform liver resections and to define their conception of anatomic procedures within the incorporation of minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS).MethodsThe survey was distributed among liver surgeons. It mainly focused on personal experience on open and MILS, methods and landmarks, and experience on anatomic resections and Glissonean approach.ResultsA total of 445 valid answers from 54 countries was obtained. Surgeons performing MILS mainly have below 10 years of experience (81.8% of responders) and one third has never done complex MILS. New techniques, including indocyanine green demarcation are marginally used (<25%). More than 60% of surgeons do not make a full exposure of hepatic veins during MILS, mainly due to the risk of injury or not considering it to be of utility. Although 88% of responders agreed with the concept of anatomic resection as the “resection along the border/watersheds of each order division identified by the portal vein flow”, only 55% of surgeons have ever performed MILS Glissonean approaches.ConclusionsLiver anatomy is not a static concept. Anatomic resections need training and precision. Standardization of complex anatomic resections by a minimally invasive approach should be encouraged.
Skeletal elements of the penguin eye and their functional and phylogenetic implications (Aves: Sphenisciformes: Spheniscidae)
Authors: Hadden Peter W. , Gerneke Dane A. , McGhee Charles N. J. , Zhang Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScleral ossicles and other bony elements are present in the eyes of many vertebrates, including birds. In this study, the skeletal elements present in the penguin eye and orbit were imaged using macro photographs and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), to help elucidate their function and significance. A total of 36 scleral rings and three whole skulls were imaged. King (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Fiordland crested (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus), Snares crested (Eudyptes robustus), royal (Eudyptes schlegeli) and yellow‐eyed (Megadyptes antipodes) penguins had between 12 and 14 elements in their scleral ring while the gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) had 14 and 17; little penguins (Eudyptula sp.) consistently had between 10 and 12 elements. All had at least two elements that overlapped, usually totally, each neighbour, and two that were overlapped by each neighbour. The interior structure of all ossicles revealed a lattice‐like arrangement of struts typical of cancellous bone, the whole being surrounded by thick cortical bone. The scleral ring of a 10 week gentoo chick was not completely ossified but rather had multiple small holes within it on micro‐CT. A large os opticus was present in one king penguin but in another bird of the same age and gender there was no such bone. Much smaller accessory bones were found in the posterior pole of one Snares crested and one little penguin. We conclude that the penguin scleral ring not only maintains the shape of the eye but also provides protection and a site of insertion for rectus muscles. However, the extreme variability in the os opticus suggests that it is not essential to normal function.
Larger bilateral amygdalar volumes are associated with affective loss experiences
Authors: Acosta Henriette , Jansen Andreas , Kircher Tilo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAffective loss (AL) (i.e., bereavement, relationship breakup) is a stressful life event leading to a heightened risk of developing a psychiatric disorder, for example, depression and anxiety disorder. These disorders have been associated with altered subcortical brain volumes. Little is known though, how AL in healthy subjects is linked to subcortical volumes. In a study with 196 healthy young adults, we probed the association between AL across the individual entire life span, assessed via the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire, and magnetic resonance imaging brain gray matter volumes (a priori selected: bilateral amygdalae, hippocampi, thalami; exploratory analyses: nuclei accumbens, caudate, putamina), segmented by use of volBrain. AL was defined as death of a first‐degree relative/spouse, close relative/friend, and breakup of a marriage or steady relationship. AL was associated with larger bilateral amygdalar volumes and, after taking into account the total number of ALs, with smaller right hippocampal volumes, both irrespective of sex. Exploratory analyses of striatal volumes yielded an association of AL with larger right nucleus accumbens volumes in men, and increased caudate volumes after the loss of a first‐degree relative irrespective of sex. Our data suggest that AL engenders alterations in limbic structures that likely involve processes of chronic stress and amygdala‐ and hippocampus‐dependent fear conditioning, and resemble those observed in general anxiety disorder, childhood maltreatment, and major depressive disorder. Our exploratory findings of striatal volume alterations hint at a modulation of reward processing by AL.
Ascorbic acid‐induced degradation of liposome‐encapsulated acylated and non‐acylated anthocyanins of black carrot extract
Authors: Guldiken Burcu , Gibis Monika , Boyacioglu Dilek , Capanoglu Esra , Weiss Jochen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the presence of ascorbic acid, the degradation of acylated (sinapic, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid derivatives of cyanidin‐3‐xylosylglucosylgalactoside) and non‐acylated anthocyanins of black carrot extract (BCE) encapsulated in liposomes was studied. BCEs (0.2% and 0.4% w/w) were encapsulated in liposomes using different lecithin concentrations (1%, 2% and 4% w/w).RESULTSThe liposomes were prepared with particle diameters of less than 50 nm and zeta potentials of about −21.3 mV for extract‐containing liposomes and −27.7 mV for control liposomes. The encapsulation efficiency determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that increasing lecithin levels increased the efficiency to 59% at the same extract concentration. The concentrations of total anthocyanins and individual anthocyanins were determined for ascorbic acid (0.1% w/w)‐degraded extract and liposomes (containing 0.2% w/w extract). Anthocyanin quantification of both liposomal and extract samples was performed by HPLC using cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside chloride as standard. Five anthocyanins in the extract and encapsulated liposomes were quantified during 24 h (0–24 h): cyanidin‐3‐xylosylglucosylgalactoside 1.0–0.51 and 0.82–0.58 mg g−1, cyanidin‐3‐xylosylgalactoside 2.5–1.1 and 2.2–1.7 mg g−1, cyanidin‐3‐xylosyl(sinapoylglucosyl)galactoside 0.51–0.14 and 0.35–0.28 mg g−1, cyanidin‐3‐xylosyl(feruloylglucosyl)galactoside 1.37–0.41 and 1.06–0.98 mg g−1, and cyanidin‐3‐xylosyl(coumaroylglucosyl)galactoside 0.28–0.08 mg g−1 for extract and 0.27–0.26 mg g−1 for liposomes, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates the potential beneficial effect of liposomal encapsulation on individual, particularly acylated, anthocyanins after addition of ascorbic acid during a storage time of 24 h.
LC‐ESI/HRMS analysis of glucosinolates, oxylipins and phenols in Italian rocket salad (Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides (L.) DC.) and evaluation of its healthy potential
Authors: Loizzo Monica R , Napolitano Assunta , Bruno Maurizio , Geraci Anna , Schicchi Rosario , Leporini Mariarosaria , Tundis Rosa , Piacente Sonia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the chemical profile and biological activity of Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae) collected in Sicily (Italy).RESULTSLiquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI/HRMS) analysis of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of 42 compounds – glucosinolates, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and oxylipins. The extract was tested for its antioxidant activity using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic) acid (ABTS), ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), and β‐carotene bleaching tests. Promising protection from lipid peroxidation was observed after 30 min of incubation in a β‐carotene bleaching test (IC50 of 3.32 μg mL−1). The inhibition of carbohydrates‐hydrolyzing enzymes resulted in IC50 values of 85.18 and 92.36 μg mL−1 for α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, respectively. Significant inhibition against lipase enzyme was observed (IC50 of 61.27 μg mL−1).CONCLUSIONDiplotaxis erucoides can be considered a potential source of antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactives. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Expressing one's opinions freely on politicians using parodies: Effect of the sources of political parodies (user‐ vs. media‐generated parodies)
Authors: EI Hana Nadr , Sabri Ouidade 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolitical parody, which is entitled to free speech protection under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, aims at criticizing politicians' policies and ideas with humor. As such, political parodies represent a serious threat to a politician's brand image and reputation. Despite their prevalence in political life and debates, the relative persuasive effects of political parodies based on their communication source (user‐generated parody [UGP] vs. media‐generated parody [MGP]) have been underexplored. To fill this gap, we developed two studies. The first study involved content analysis of more than 330 parody videos posted on YouTube between 2012 and April 2019 in France. Our findings, in Study 1, showed that MGP led to fewer likes and a more negative attitude toward the parody than UGP. The second study, based on controlled experiment, provided evidence through mediation; compared to UGP, MGP led to more negative attitudes toward the parody and less perceived influence of the parody because of a higher perception of the source's intention to manipulate. This mediating effect was significant only when individuals were highly skeptical of traditional media. These findings add to current theories of political parody, free speech and user‐generated content and offer actionable insights to practitioners.
“Alexa, order me a pizza!”: The mediating role of psychological power in the consumer–voice assistant interaction
Authors: Tassiello Vito , Tillotson Jack S. , Rome Alexandra S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the consumer–voice assistant (VA) interaction in the context of food and beverage purchase choices and the role that psychological power plays in the consumer decision‐making process. A series of experimental studies demonstrate that both involvement and the psychological condition of power meditate consumers' willingness to purchase. As a result, we find that consumers are more likely to purchase low involvement than high‐involvement products through VA technology, particularly when experiencing high‐power states. This study broadens our understanding of the role of VAs and their ability to shape the consumer decision‐making process. With an explicit focus on power, this study illustrates how the success of voice commerce may largely rest on the promotion of low‐involvement products that enable high‐power psychological conditions which drive willingness to purchase.
The Signature of Primary Writing Tremor Is Dystonic
Authors: Latorre Anna , Rocchi Lorenzo , Batla Amit , Berardelli Alfredo , Rothwell John C. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt has been debated for decades whether primary writing tremor is a form of dystonic tremor, a variant of essential tremor, or a separate entity. We wished to test the hypothesis that primary writing tremor and dystonia share a common pathophysiology.ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to investigate the pathophysiological hallmarks of dystonia in patients affected by primary writing tremor.MethodsTen patients with idiopathic dystonic tremor syndrome, 7 with primary writing tremor, 10 with essential tremor, and 10 healthy subjects were recruited. They underwent eyeblink classic conditioning, blink recovery cycle, and transcranial magnetic stimulation assessment, including motor‐evoked potentials and short‐ and long‐interval intracortical inhibition at baseline. Transcranial magnetic stimulation measures were also recorded after paired‐associative plasticity protocol.ResultsPrimary writing tremor and dystonic tremor syndrome had a similar pattern of electrophysiological abnormalities, consisting of reduced eyeblink classic conditioning learning, reduced blink recovery cycle inhibition, and a lack of effect of paired‐associative plasticity on long‐interval intracortical inhibition. The latter 2 differ from those obtained in essential tremor and healthy subjects. Although not significant, slightly reduced short‐interval intracortical inhibition and a larger effect of paired‐associative plasticity in primary writing tremor and dystonic tremor syndrome, compared with essential tremor and healthy subjects, was observed.ConclusionsOur initial hypothesis of a common pathophysiology between dystonia and primary writing tremor has been confirmed. Primary writing tremor might be considered a form of dystonic tremor. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Development and Evaluation of Habitat Suitability Criteria for Native Fishes in Three Arizona Streams
Authors: Nemec Zach C. , Lee Larissa N. , Bonar Scott A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Habitat loss is a main contributor to fish fauna declines in the southwestern USA. Several studies have defined stream-specific habitat conditions that support the growth and survival of native fish in Arizona to inform stream restoration efforts, yet general habitat use of most individual species across the region is not established. Therefore, we evaluated habitat use of four native fishes, Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus, Sonora Sucker Catostomus insignis, Desert Sucker Catostomus clarkii, and Longfin Dace Agosia chrysogaster, across three Arizona streams through the development of habitat suitability criteria (HSC). We developed both stream-specific and generalized HSC for each species. Generalized HSC were calculated as the combination of stream-specific HSC for each species. We then assessed the utility of generalized HSC through transferability among study streams. Also, past HSC studies have not considered the occurrence of nonnative species, so we tested whether the presence of nonnative fishes influenced native fish habitat use through logistic regression models. Fish and habitat data were collected along the Mogollon Rim in Arizona during the 2017 summer field season at base flow conditions. We established minimum microhabitat use for four native Arizona fish species through developing HSC. Most generalized criteria did not transfer among study streams due to variation in habitat availability and fish community structure. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of nonnative fishes was inversely related to the presence of two native fish species, which could have influenced habitat use of both species. The lack of transferability across streams as demonstrated in this study confirms that only HSC developed in the stream of interest or in similar undegraded streams with comparable fish communities should be used for restoration efforts. For projects to restore native fishes in streams where nonnative competitors will not dominate, the least degraded similar streams without coexisting nonnative fishes can guide restoration efforts.
PASM: Parallel aligned surface meshing
Authors: Yu Fei , Cao Jie , Shan Julin , Lo S. H. , Guan Zhenqun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComputer‐aided design (CAD) models of industrial design are often plagued with a series of defects, including minute features, gaps, self‐intersections, and misalignments. The development of schemes in automatic defeaturing, gaps repairing, and intersection removal usually requires a discrete representation of the geometry. However, existing surface meshing methods could not effectively handle sliver surfaces and assemblies with complex contact conditions, including multiple misaligned curves/surfaces and degenerated or free‐form‐shaped interface of contact. A surface meshing method based on a meshing‐and‐synchronizing strategy is proposed, which tackles the mesh generation of sliver surfaces and the cleanup of misaligned assemblies by means of mesh alignment. The mesh generation is performed in a hierarchical manner with curves and surfaces being meshed in sequence. By incorporating the synchronization strategy into the curve/surface meshing process, curve/surface mesh alignment is achieved automatically without compromising the mesh quality. Thanks to the alignment, the curve mesh generated by aligned curve meshing (ACM) is free of intersections, which enhances the meshing of sliver surfaces. By enforcing mesh alignment, aligned surface meshing (ASM) can handle misaligned assemblies with complex contact conditions. ASM is parallelized by using OpenMP. Various assemblies characterized with difficult misaligned features and touches are well processed by parallel ASM.
Supervised model predictive control of large‐scale electricity networks via clustering methods
Authors: La Bella Alessio , Klaus Pascal , Ferrari‐Trecate Giancarlo , Scattolini Riccardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article describes a control approach for large‐scale electricity networks, with the goal of efficiently coordinating distributed generators to balance unexpected load variations with respect to nominal forecasts. To mitigate the difficulties due to the size of the problem, the proposed methodology is divided in two steps. First, the network is partitioned into clusters, composed of several dispatchable and nondispatchable generators, storage systems, and loads. A clustering algorithm is designed with the aim of obtaining clusters with the following characteristics: (i) they must be compact, keeping the distance between generators and loads as small as possible; (ii) they must be able to internally balance load variations to the maximum possible extent. Once the network clustering has been completed, a two layer control system is designed. At the lower layer, a local model predictive controller is associated to each cluster for managing the available generation and storage elements to compensate local load variations. If the local sources are not sufficient to balance the cluster's load variations, a power request is sent to the supervisory layer, which optimally distributes additional resources available from the other clusters of the network. To enhance the scalability of the approach, the supervisor is implemented relying on a fully distributed optimization algorithm. The IEEE 118‐bus system is used to test the proposed design procedure in a nontrivial scenario.
Bone pain at leukemia diagnosis and other risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Barzilai‐Birenboim Shlomit , Yacobovich Joanne , Zalcberg Yair , Arad‐Cohen Nira , Avrahami Galia , Gilad Gil , Litichever Naomi , Izraeli Shai , Elitzur Sarah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis is a major cause of acute and long‐lasting complications of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy in children. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of osteonecrosis in children with ALL.ProcedureThe cohort included 559 children aged 1–20 years diagnosed with ALL between 2003 and 2018 at two tertiary medical centers in Israel and enrolled in two consecutive protocols: ALL‐IC BFM 2002 and AIEOP‐BFM ALL 2009. Symptomatic osteonecrosis was prospectively captured as an adverse event.ResultsOsteonecrosis occurred in 51 patients (9.1%). Ninety‐four percent of the events were graded as moderate or severe (grades 3–4, Ponte di Legno Toxicity Working Group classification) and multiple bone involvement was common. Full resolution of osteonecrosis was documented in only 16% of the children (median follow‐up 4.2 years). Stepwise logistic regression identified five risk factors for osteonecrosis, with a high predictive value (AUC = 0.88): older ageat ALL diagnosis, high‐risk ALL group, T‐cell immunophenotype, female gender, and a novel risk factor: bone pain at the time of leukemia diagnosis. In addition, osteonecrosis was less common among children of Arab ethnicity. Thrombophilia and an elevated age‐adjusted body mass index were not confirmed as risk factors for osteonecrosis.ConclusionDue to the low rates of osteonecrosis resolution and its debilitating long‐term impact, the identification of patients at high risk for osteonecrosis is important for their inclusion in further studies evaluating potential therapeutic adjustments.