bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystal Approaches for Poorly Soluble Drugs and their Role in Development of Marketed Formulation
Authors: Agarwal Vijay , Kaushik Nitin , Sharma Pankaj Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Poor solubility of the drug compounds is a significant problem in the pharmaceutical
field; therefore, reducing particle size may be one of the most straightforward and efficient
processes for enhancing the solubility of such compounds. Nanocrystal, a new carrier-free colloidal
drug delivery system with a particle size ranging from 100 to 1000 nm, is thought as a viable
drug delivery strategy to develop poorly soluble drugs.

Objectives:
This review focuses on the nanocrystal approaches and their uses in pharmaceutical applications.
Also, various preparation methods of the nanocrystal are briefly described in this review.
The paper also describes several factors involved in producing stable drug nanocrystals and
provides suggestions for overcoming instability-related issues, like aggregation and Ostwald ripening.
Finally, the specific opportunities and challenges that apply to nanocrystal technology are summarized
in this paper.

Methods:
In this paper, we summarize and discuss the unique features of drug nanocrystals, including
enhancement of dissolution velocity, adhesiveness to the surface, and saturation solubility.
Nowadays, pharmaceutical industries are using different approaches to prepare the nanocrystal,
like the bottom-up approach (precipitation), the top-down approach (wet milling, high-pressure homogenization),
and some other combinational approaches.

Results:
Drug nanocrystals can be administered through different routes. Besides this, the various
fabrication methods and characterization methods may be used to develop and scale up the production
of drug nanocrystals.

Conclusion:
In this review article, the relevance of drug nanocrystals are presented and illustrated
according to the research done by different researchers and finally concluded that marketed formulation
related to nanocrystal are gradually in progression. However, some related and developed formulations
are under clinical trial.
Anterior Labial Alveolar Bone Thickness after Orthodontic Retraction of Anterior Teeth
Authors: Lubis Hilda F. , Rachmawati Aditya , Tanius Stephani 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion generally requires extraction
of the premolars, followed by retraction of the anterior teeth to reduce overjet. Morphometric evaluation
of alveolar bone can be used to study the limitation of tooth movement to avoid adverse effects.
The purpose of this study is to measure the changes in the bone thickness of the maxillary incisors
in skeletal Class II malocclusion patients after retraction and determine the relationship between
changes in bone thickness and the amount of retractions using lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Materials and Methods:
This study was designed to determine the cross-sectional changes in bone
thickness in linear directions after retraction, and the relationship between changes in bone thickness
and the amount of retraction. Bone thickness in the linear directions was measured using digital
cephalometric radiographs.

Results:
The measurement results from tracing 43 lateral cephalometric before and after anterior retraction
treatment showed a difference in alveolar bone thickness at the 9mm level from the CEJ in
a linear direction on the anterior retraction of skeletal Class II malocclusion maxillary incisors (p
<0.05); however, there was no difference observed in alveolar bone thickness at levels 3 and 6 mm
from CEJ in the linear direction and in the angular direction (p> 0.05). Changes in alveolar bone
thickness did not correlate with the amount of incisor retraction (p> 0.05).

Conclusion:
The results showed the change in labial alveolar bone thickness was not significantly
correlate with the amount of retraction.
Development of Digital Health Messages for Rural Populations in Tanzania: Multi- and Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Holst Christine , Isabwe Ghislain Maurice Norbert , Sukums Felix , Ngowi Helena , Kajuna Flora , Radovanović Danica , Mansour Wisam , Mwakapeje Elibariki , Cardellichio Peter , Ngowi Bernard , Noll Josef , Winkler Andrea Sylvia 
Published: June 2021

Background
Health workers have traditionally delivered health promotion and education to rural communities in the Global South in paper leaflet formats or orally. With the rise of digital technologies, health promotion and education can be provided in innovative and more effective formats, which are believed to have a higher impact on disease prevention and treatment.

Objective
The aim of this tutorial is to illustrate how a multi- and interdisciplinary approach can be applied in the design process of digital health messages for use in the Global South.

Methods
The multi- and interdisciplinary team of the Non-discriminating access for Digital Inclusion (DigI) project digitalized and customized available government-approved paper-based health promotion messages into a screen-suitable format. The team worked closely together and used its diverse expertise to develop digital health messages with disease-specific content in Tanzania’s national language (Swahili) as well as English. The development process included the following phases: a local needs assessment; identification of government-approved health promotion materials in a nondigital format; identification of key health messages; creation of a practical and engaging story, easy to understand for the general public; drafting of a storyboard for an animated video with review, feedback, and revisions; forward and backward translation; audio recording of the story in both languages; finalization and presentation of the animations; development of relevant questions related to the health messages in each domain; and development of web and mobile apps to access the digital health messages.

Results
Between 2017 and 2019, we developed key health messages, quizzes, and animated health videos to address HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis, and anthrax, all of which are of public health importance in Tanzania. Feedback from local stakeholders and test users was included in various phases of the process. The 4 videos and other content are available in local information spots on a digital health platform (DigI platform), established by the DigI project, in both Tanzanian Swahili and English.

Conclusions
Our methodological multi- and interdisciplinary approach ensures that the digital health messages for the public are clear, high quality, and align with the government’s objectives for health promotion. It also demonstrates the diversity of scientific disciplines required when collaborating on a digital health project. We recommend this approach to be applied to the development of other digital health messages for a wide range of diseases.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/25128
Efektivitas Kombinasi Infus Jahe, Kayu Manis, Teh Hijau, Lemon Sebagai Antihiperkolesterolemia Pada Tikus Hiperglikemia Hiperlipidemia
Authors: Wardani Elly , Sunaryo Hadi , Rafiqul Rizky , Azis Firhan , Rafdi M. Abi 
Published: June 2021

Diabetes melitus dicirikan dengan intoleransi glukosa yang menghasilkan terjadinya hiperglikemia dan gangguan dalam metabolisme lipid dan protein sehingga terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi lipid darah. Jahe, kayu manis, teh hijau, lemon dan madu mengandung senyawa yang berkhasiat sebagai antihiperkolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kombinasi infus jahe, kayu manis, teh hijau, perasan lemon dan madu terhadap kadar kolesterol total, LDL dan HDL darah tikus hiperglikemia dan hiperlipidemia. Hewan uji tikus wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing terdiri dari 4 ekor tikus. Kelompok I (kontrol normal), kelompok II (kontrol negatif), kelompok III (kontrol positif) diberi atorvastatin 1,029 mg/Kg BB, kelompok IV, V, dan VI (kelompok perlakuan) diberi kombinasi infus jahe, kayu manis, teh hijau, perasan lemon, dan madu. Data penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan LDL serta peningkatan HDL darah tikus hiperglikemia dan hiperkolesterolemia dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kelompok dosis dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan LDL darah, presentase penurunan kolesterol pada kelompok positif sebanding dengan kelompok dosis tinggi dan dosis sedang. Presentase penurunan LDL pada kelompok positif sebanding dengan kelompok dosis tinggi, dosis sedang dan dosis rendah, tetapi tidak mampu meningkatkan kadar HDL.
Notes Some Macro Fungi From Taman Eden 100, Kawasan Toba, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia: Description and Its Potency
Authors: Dwi Nurhayat Oktan , Permana Putra Ivan , Heris Anita Sita , Heri Yuli Yanto Dede 
Published: June 2021

Background: The record and research on macrofungi from Taman Eden 100, Toba-Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, was conducted to provide some information about their current status and potential use in the future. Methods: This research was divided into three steps: exploration, identification, and literature studies of the potential use from the identified macrofungi. Results: The research had successfully identified 14 macrofungi that were classified into 4 orders and 9 families. All the macrofungi found were Basidiomycota, namely Gymnopilus sp., Marasmiellus sp.1, Marasmiellus sp.2, Marasmius sp., Favolaschia sp., Coprinellus sp., Coprinopsis sp., Auricularia sp.1, Auricularia sp.2, Auricularia sp.3, Auricularia sp.4, Tylopilus sp., Suillus sp., and Russula sp. The identified macrofungi are potentially used as food supplements, medicine, bio-fertilisers, bioherbicides, and bioremediation agents based on the literature. Conclusions: Taman Eden 100 has a unique fungal diversity of macrofungi and has never been published in a scientific journal. Further investigations are needed to determine the fungal diversity and potential use of macrofungi in other places in Taman Eden 100.
Sosialisasi Sumur Resapan sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Banjir di Wilayah Singonegaran, Kota Kediri
Authors: Susanto Sony , Winarno Sigit , Cahyo Setianto Yosef , Siswanto Eko 
Published: June 2021

Background: Sumur resapan ini merupakan cara yang cukup praktis dan ramah lingkungan yang berfungsi untuk mempercepat penyerapan air hujan banjir. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan penyuluhan, pelatihan pembuatan sumur resapan. Metode: Tahapan sosialisasi ini meliputi: 1) Penyuluhan tentang fungsi dan manfaat sumur resapan, 2) Penyuluhan tentang konstruksi sumur resapan, 3) Demonstrasi cara membuat sumur resapan dalam upaya penanggulangan banjir, 4). Monitoring dan Evaluasi dalam kegiatan ini adalah melakukan pengawasan dan evaluasi pembangunan sumur respon di masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, kegiatan tersebut berjalan dengan lancar. Hasil: Dari hasil evaluasi menggunakan metode penyebaran kuesioner setelah dilakukan penyuluhan di dapatkan bahwa sebanyak 75% peserta sosialisasi mempunyai pengetahuan kategori baik tentang sumur resapan, sedangkan sebanyak 25% peserta mempunyai pengetahuan kategori cukup. Kesimpulan: Dengan demikian, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memberikan manfaat positif bagi mitra tentang pengetahuan pentingnya sumur resapan dan sebagai rencana tindak lanjut dapat disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat tentang pengurangan risiko banjir sehingga mampu memberikan kesadaran kepada masyarakat pentingnya membangun sumur resapan untuk upaya penanggulangan banjir.
Anyakőzet-tulajdonságok és termikus átalakulások a Kösseni Formációban
Authors: Koncz István 
Published: June 2021

Az olaj-anyakőzet korrelációk eredményei szerint a Nagylengyelben felfedezett nehéz-olajat a Kösseni Formáció generálta. A Rock-Eval adatok és a szerves kén-szén atomarányok alapján a Kösseni Formáció alsó része a Rezi-1 fúrásban magas szénhidrogén-potenciálú és a kénben dús, IIS típusú kerogén jelenlétét mutatja. Felhasználva a Bak-Nova árokban lévő Kösseni Formáció eltemetődési történetét és a IIS típusú kerogénnek megfelelő kinetikai konstansokat, a nehéz-olaj képződése a felsőkréta időszakban, 70°C hőmérsékleten ért véget. Az olaj ilyen korai képződése a kénben dús, IIS típusú kerogén jelenlétének köszönhető. A nehéz-olajnak a túlnyomás által létrehozott primer migrációja egybeesik a nehéz-olajban lévő aszfaltének bomlása kezdetével. A Kösseni Formáció felrepedése a pórusokban jelen lévő olaj térfogat-növekedése miatt előállt nyomásnövekedésnek köszönhető, ami az aszfaltén-bomlás következménye. A Kösseni Formáció kerogénjének termikus átalakulása gáz-képződéssel zárul a legalább 1.3 % vitrinitreflexiónak megfelelő magasabb termikus érettségi szinteken.
Influence of Competitiveness, Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth of Asean Developing Countries
Authors: Afif Fadeli yusuf , Ciptawaty Ukhti 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to look at the condition of the country's competitiveness and its influence on ASEAN economic growth. The data used is panel data consisting of time series data for 2009 - 2019 and cross section of five ASEAN countries with the highest level of competitiveness. The variables used are economic growth, competitiveness, corruption perception index, political risk, and foreign direct investment. The analysis tool used is panel data regression, the Random Effect Model (REM). The results show that competitiveness and foreign direct investment have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while the corruption perception index has no effect on economic growth in 5 ASEAN countries.
The Effect of Divided Government and The Incumbent Leader on The Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Nairobi Nairobi , Ambya Ambya 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the divided government and the incumbent government on the economic growth in regions and cities in Indonesia.
Methodology:This research uses 157 regions and cities which had run the regional election in June till August in 2005 as the sample. This is due to the perception of how the regional election had just begun in 2005 while the next and the upcoming election were held in 2010. By far, the data is taken until the end of 2010 to picture the progress of the governmental performance during the period of the leadership of the incumbent leader.
Main Findings:As a result, it is found that the incumbent leader has a negative effect on economic growth. This can be seen on the differences between the area with the new leader and the incumbent leader. There are several causes that lead to these results. First, it shows that the voters have not yet evaluated the performance during the leadership period. Second, because the incumbent leader is in the last period of their leadership, they tend to maximize their personal and their group interest, as well as their party, which is resulted to the ignorance of economic growth.
Another key finding is that divided government has no effect on economic growth. In Indonesia, the regional leader anticipates the issue of the divided government by doing accommodative politics for the representative member of the regional house (DPRD). Instead of only becoming the checker and balancing power, this action is taken to support all the actions of the regional leader. Thus, it is confirmed that there is no difference between the divided or unified government.
Investor Sentiment and Mispricing Anomalies
Authors: Dai Jiarui 
Published: June 2021

This paper attempts to investigate the effect of investor sentiment on mispricing anomalies, including value premium, earnings to price, gross profitability, operating profitability, return to assets, and V/P ratio. Via bi-variate analysis and regression analysis, I find these anomalies are stronger in the periods with higher investor sentiment. The effect is robust after controlling for Fama-French three factors. The results are consistent with the idea that investors are more likely to misprice stocks when investor sentiment is high, leading stronger mispricing anomalies in such higher investor sentiment periods. The limitation of this study is that it only includes tests for six misplacing anomalies and does not cover the detection of a large number of anomalies.
The value of this study is it is the first study to investigate the effect of investor sentiment on V/P anomaly and to explore these misplacing anomalies as a whole. More importantly, through this study, I actually tested the impact of investor sentiment on investor valuation accuracy.
FINANCIAL RISKS AND STOCK MARKET CRASHES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TUNISIAN STOCK MARKET
Authors: Hammami Haifa , Boujelbene Younes 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect of financial risks on the stock market crashes occurrence from 1999 to 2020. Using the windows method, we detect two stock market crises in the Tunisian stock market. Based on the probit model, we find evidence that low stock return risk, low EUR/TND exchange rate risk, high interest rate risk, high credit risk and high liquidity risk increase the occurrence probability of stock market crashes. Our results suggest that the decrease in volatility, particularly in equity and exchange market, the increase in volatility in interest rate, the credit rating downgrades issued by Moody’s and the low liquidity market contribute to crashes in the Tunisian stock market. In summary, financial risks, which are the market risks, the credit risk and the liquidity risk could be leading indicators of crashes in the Tunisian stock market.
Keywords: Stock market crashes; Liquidity risk; Credit risk; Market risks.
FORMAS DO TRAUMA EM DOM CASMURRO E A SONATA A KREUTZER
Authors: Machado Lohanna 
Published: June 2021

Em A sonata a Kreutzer, de Tolstói, o esposo assassino revisa seu crime em fala compulsiva. Em Dom Casmurro, narrativa contemporânea Ã quela, Bento Santiago tenta “atar as duas pontas da vida” enquanto rememora o caminho que levou a um “assassinato” social da esposa desterrada. Neste artigo procurei me debruçar sobre a revisitação dessas experiências traumáticas por seus perpetuadores Ã luz, especialmente, de Shoshana Felman, que analisa julgamentos reais e literários de feminicídios íntimos afastados e recentes; do convite de Roberto Schwarz Ã desconfiança pelo leitor machadiano; e das teorizações de Sigmund Freud, Lacan e Ricoeur sobre trauma e memória. Tudo isso Ã sombra, é claro, do entendimento do contexto de uma incipiente emancipação feminina na sociedade burguesa do final do século XIX cujo julgamento favorável a O. J. Simpson prova uma insatisfatoriamente lenta evolução.
A VIOLÊNCIA, A FIGURA FEMININA INDÍGENA E A CALIGRAFIA DE DEUS, DE MÁRCIO SOUZA
Authors: Ferreira Cacio José , Bottos Jr Norival 
Published: June 2021

Este artigo discute a temática da mulher indígena no estado do Amazonas a partir do arcabouço teórico advindo das relações de gênero, de feminicídio e diáspora no texto A Caligrafia de Deus (2007), de Márcio Souza. A narrativa expõe o modo como a mulher indígena é submetida a uma intricada rede de articulações de poder e de patriarcado. Dessa forma, são evidenciadas como as relações de gênero dão vazão Ã posse do corpo e da mente do “outro” e de como as relações de poder surgem a partir das questões de gênero, sobretudo, por meio da cultura, que se torna historicamente modificada na episteme contemporânea por novas articulações de controle e de exercício de dominação.
ensino da língua tukano que não fala
Authors: Sanches Barreto Silvio 
Published: June 2021

Este texto convida a reflexionar sobre o ensino da língua materna para a criança indígena enquanto ser em formação pertencente a uma etnia. O objetivo foi de analisar o processo histórico do funcionamento e a pedagogia de ensino no município de Manaus. O referencial teórico desta pesquisa foi embasado no teor dos direitos indígenas e direitos fundamentais segundo a Constituição Brasileira de 1988, no que se refere ao artigo 231. O conjunto da legislação nacional dispõe a respeito do direito dos povos indígenas a uma educação diferenciada, para que os povos originários mantenham sua cultura viva, de forma articulada e planejada com órgãos governamentais das três esferas de governos. Quanto Ã metodologia,foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa com pesquisa de campo, utilizando questionário fechado e entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados apontam que os Centros Municipais funcionam de modo irregular, mas precisa-se ser revisto o ensino da língua tukano para não continuar o ensino da língua materna que não fala. Quando chega certa idade, tem vergonha e chegou uma conclusão aproximada ou equivocada de que somente os adultos que valorizam sua cultura, mesmo estando longe das aldeias e fora de suas origens, mantém a cultura viva, mesmo no contexto urbano. Uma situação preocupante para a próxima geração urbana, uma geração de ouvintes, mesmo sendo filhos dos próprios falantes. A língua é um dos elementos culturais para afirmação de identidade, para a unidade social.
¿Filosofía o no-filosofía?: ésa no es la cuestión.
Authors: Solas Silvia 
Published: June 2021

A través de la expresión “filosofía / no filosofía” Merleau-Ponty pretende dar cuenta del estado crítico de la filosofía de su tiempo ”“que tal vez todavía sea el nuestro-; se trata de poner de manifiesto una cuestión que se encuentra encarnada en su propia escritura y que, si bien aparece con mayor fuerza en sus últimas reflexiones, es pasible de encontrarse ”“de modo más o menos explícito- a lo largo de toda su obra: la imposibilidad de la filosofía ”“es decir, de los discursos filosóficos consagrados- de dar cuenta de nuestra real experiencia en el mundo. Así, se pone de relieve la necesidad de instituir una ontología de lo sensible que ”“a la manera de (esto es “según”) la pintura- se aparte de la transparencia propia del pensamiento tradicional para dejar emerger la opacidad propia de nuestra contingencia constitutiva. Intentaremos en este trabajo sintetizar esta perspectiva que pone en perspectiva el gran problema de la “visibilidad” y que subraya la necesidad de “pensar lo impensado”.
Reflexões antimonotônicas na história da metafísica
Authors: Carneiro Gregory 
Published: June 2021

A história da metafísica é povoada com entidades de todos os tipos e que serviram para fundamentar as mais diversas questões filosóficas. A história da humanidade, da mesma maneira, parece criar instrumentos que se colocam dentro de nossas relações e cujo desempenho não é compreendido completamente. O formato pouco sensível Ã s modificações de argumentos válidos na lógica clássica, que aprendemos a usar sem questionar, indica que o caminho do homem, de acumulação na metafísica, tem sido pouco entendido. Aparentemente, nada teria de disruptivo no curso da história a criação de mais entidades, valores, dispositivos ou premissas. A história da metafísica, contudo, pode ser contada de maneira completamente diferente, com atenção direta nestas adições, nestes suplementos. A questão final é saber qual a lógica que nos governa, uma vez que reconhecidas estas entidades que mudam completamente nossa relação com a própria história.