bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent alcohol consumption: protocol for a scoping review of screening and assessment tools used in Africa
Authors: Briegal Eleanor , Biggane Alice M. , Obasi Angela I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Alcohol consumption is a key public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, which has the highest burden of alcohol attributable injury and disease of any region. Excess alcohol use is particularly harmful for adolescents and has been associated with neurocognitive defects and social and emotional problems. Effective screening and assessment tools are necessary to implement, evaluate and monitor interventions to prevent and decrease adolescent alcohol use. Most of these tools have been used among adolescent groups in high income settings; data on their effectiveness in Africa, where much alcohol use is unregulated, is limited. This scoping review will examine and map the range of tools in use and create an evidence base for future research in adolescent alcohol prevention and control in Africa.

Methods
The review will include all relevant study designs and grey literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been designed using the Population – Concept – Context framework, and two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and then full text to determine eligibility of articles. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Global Health data bases will be searched for peer reviewed publications. The search strategy for grey literature will include Google searches and searches in websites of pertinent professional bodies and charities. The methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and adaptations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Levac et al. will be used. An iterative approach to charting, collating, summarising and reporting the data will be taken, with the development of charting forms and the final presentation of results led by the extracted data.

Results
This scoping review protocol describes a secondary analysis of data already collected to explore and map alcohol consumption measurement tools in adolescents in Africa.

Conclusions
It is anticipated that our findings will provide an evidence base surrounding tools used to measure adolescent alcohol consumption in Africa. These findings are likely to be useful in informing future research, policy and public health strategies. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and in various media, for example, conferences, congresses or symposia.

Systematic review registration
Scoping Review Registration: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/bjhgw/)
Risk factors for nosocomial rectal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in hospital: a matched case–control study
Authors: Meschiari Marianna , Kaleci Shaniko , Orlando Gabriella , Selmi Silvia , Santoro Antonella , Bacca Erica , Menozzi Marianna , Franceschini Erica , Puzzolante Cinzia , Bedini Andrea , Sarti Mario , Venturelli Claudia , Vecchi Elena , Mussini Cristina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last decade carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) became hyper-endemic in hospitals due to difficult to control spreading. Our aim is to identify risk factors for nosocomial rectal CRAB colonization in an endemic hospital.MethodsA retrospective matched case–control study (ratio 1:2) with a prospective inclusion of cases and concurrent selection of controls was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 in a tertiary-care hospital. Universal active surveillance for CRAB was implemented. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out using a stepwise selection method to compare prognostic factors between cases and controls. A sub-analysis was carried out according to the type of department.ResultsForty-five cases with nosocomial rectal CRAB colonization and 90 controls were included. One hundred and two (75%) patients were hospitalized in medical departments. At multivariable analysis significant risk factors associated with CRAB colonization were: use of permanent devices (OR 10.15, 95% CI 2.27–45.39;P = 0.002), mechanical ventilation (OR 40.01, 95% CI 4.05–395.1;P = 0.002), urinary catheters (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.52–16.19;P = 0.008), McCabe score (OR 5.45, 95% CI 1.87–15.89;P = 0.002), length of stay (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05;P = 0.002), carbapenem use (OR 5.39, 95% CI 1.14–25.44;P = 0.033). The sub-analysis showed that patients admitted to different departments had different risk factors. In geriatric department a fatal disease and a longer hospital stay represented significant risk factors both in univariate and multivariate analysis, while in internal medicine department the use of permanent devices, current antibiotic therapy and antibiotic polytherapy represented significant risk factors for CRAB at the univariate analysis, also confirmed in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that active surveillance for rectal CRAB colonization should be addressed to patients with an unfavourable prognosis, longer hospitalizations and carriers of multiple devices. To counter CRAB spreading in endemic settings, clinicians must limit the use of carbapenems, and reinforce interventions aimed at proper use of devices.
A moderated mediation analysis of the relationship between a high-stakes English test and test takers’ extracurricular English learning activities
Authors: Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between a large-scale and high-stakes English test and test takers’ learning behavior. Specifically, it explored whether and how the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) influenced test takers’ extracurricular English learning activities under the Chinese Mainland educational context. Based on Bandura’s triadic reciprocal determinism theory, this study proposed a distal mediation model and employed covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling to test the model. The data were collected via a cross-sectional survey with 470 test takers. The results showed that test takers’ perceptions of the examination exerted direct and indirect effects on their extracurricular English learning activities, and that test takers’ perceived self-efficacy for self-regulated learning and academic achievement were two important factors mediating the relationship between their perceptions of the test and extracurricular learning. Furthermore, test takers’ perceptions of the exam-approaching have diverse moderating effects on different mediation effects. This study suggests that introducing the triadic reciprocal determinism theory helps understand how an examination influences learning. It also highlights the role of test takers’ perceptions of an examination and their perceived self-efficacy in predicting a test’s impact on learning.
Investigation into the predictive performance of colorimetric sensor strips using RGB, CMYK, HSV, and CIELAB coupled with various data preprocessing methods: a case study on an analysis of water quality parameters
Authors: Phuangsaijai Nutthatida , Jakmunee Jaroon , Kittiwachana Sila 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe potential use of colorimetric sensors has received significant attention due to its feasibility for use in various applications. After reacting with a sample, the image of the colorimetric sensor can be captured and converted into digital data using several different color models. The analytical data can then be processed with various chemometric methods. This research study investigated the predictive performance of calibration models established using color models commonly used in analytical chemistry including RGB, CMYK, HSV and CIELAB. A total of eight commercially available colorimetric sensors were used to determine the presence of manganese (Mn2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+/Fe3+), nitrate (NO3–), phosphate (PO43–), sulfate (SO42–), as well as total hardness and pH values. As external validation tests, real water samples collected in Chiang Mai, Thailand were used. Based on the resulting data obtained using the synthetic test samples, the color that was most similar to the appearing color of the chemical sensor could offer satisfactory results. However, it was not always the case especially when the strips composed of multiple colorimetric sensors or sensor array were used. When tested with external validation, the predictive performance could be improved using appropriate data preprocessing and, in this research study, a normalization method was recommended to guarantee the accuracy of the calibration models.
Identifying key processes and sectors in the interaction between climate and socio-economic systems: a review toward integrating Earth–human systems
Authors: Tachiiri Kaoru , Su Xuanming , Matsumoto Ken’ichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor the purpose of identifying the key processes and sectors involved in the interaction between Earth and socio-economic systems, we review existing studies on those processes/sectors through which the climate impacts socio-economic systems, which then in turn affect the climate. For each process/sector, we review the direct physical and ecological impacts and, if available, the impact on the economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Based on this review, land sector is identified as the process with the most significant impact on GHG emissions, while labor productivity has the largest impact on the gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, the energy sector, due to the increase in the demand for cooling, will have increased GHG emissions. Water resources, sea level rise, natural disasters, ecosystem services, and diseases also show the potential to have a significant influence on GHG emissions and GDP, although for most of these, a large effect was reported only by a limited number of studies. As a result, more studies are required to verify their influence in terms of feedbacks to the climate. In addition, although the economic damage arising from migration and conflict is uncertain, they should be treated as potentially damaging processes.
Tree growth is more limited by drought in rear-edge forests most of the times
Authors: Camarero J. Julio , Gazol Antonio , Sangüesa-Barreda Gabriel , Vergarechea Marta , Alfaro-Sánchez Raquel , Cattaneo Nicolás , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Equatorward, rear-edge tree populations are natural monitors to estimate species vulnerability to climate change. According to biogeographical theory, exposition to drought events increases with increasing aridity towards the equator and the growth of southern tree populations will be more vulnerable to drought than in central populations. However, the ecological and biogeographical margins can mismatch due to the impact of ecological factors (topography, soils) or tree-species acclimation that can blur large-scale geographical imprints in trees responses to drought making northern populations more drought limited.

Methods
We tested these ideas in six tree species, three angiosperms (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) and three gymnosperms (Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus uncinata) by comparing rear-edge tree populations subjected to different degrees of aridity. We used dendrochronology to compare the radial-growth patterns of these species in northern, intermediate, and southern tree populations at the continental rear edge.

Results and conclusions
We found marked variations in growth variability between species with coherent patterns of stronger drought signals in the tree-ring series of the southern populations of F. sylvatica, P. sylvestris, and A. alba. This was also observed in species from cool-wet sites (P. uncinata and Q. robur), despite their limited responsiveness to drought. However, in the case of Q. petraea the intermediate population showed the strongest relationship to drought. For drought-sensitive species as F. sylvatica and P. sylvestris, southern populations presented more variable growth which was enhanced by cool-wet conditions from late spring to summer. We found a trend of enhanced vulnerability to drought in these two species. The response of tree growth to drought has a marked biogeographical component characterized by increased drought sensitivity in southern populations even within the species distribution rear edge. Nevertheless, the relationship between tree growth and drought varied between species suggesting that biogeographical and ecological limits do not always overlap as in the case of Q. petraea. In widespread species showing enhanced vulnerability to drought, as F. sylvatica and P. sylvestris, increased vulnerability to climate warming in their rear edges is forecasted. Therefore, we encourage the monitoring and conservation of such marginal tree populations.
Psychometric properties of FACIT-Fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus: a pooled analysis of three phase 3 randomised, double-blind, parallel-group controlled studies (BLISS-SC, BLISS-52, BLISS-76)
Authors: Rendas-Baum Regina , Baranwal Nishtha , Joshi Ashish V. , Park Josephine , Kosinski Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is a key symptom in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and regulatory bodies recommend its assessment in clinical trials of SLE therapies.MethodsThis post hoc pooled analysis of the three BeLimumab In Subjects with Systemic lupus erythematosus (BLISS) Phase 3 randomised, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trials evaluated the measurement properties of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue. Patients (N = 2520) completed the FACIT-Fatigue every 4 weeks from baseline until the end of each study period. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and ability to detect changes in SLE were evaluated for the FACIT-Fatigue.ResultsThe FACIT-Fatigue showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.90), very good test–retest reliability (0.76 ≤ intraclass correlation coefficient ≤ 0.92), and moderate-strong convergent validity (0.49 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.86) against scale and summary measure scores from the Short Form 36 Health Survey Version 2. Correlations between FACIT-Fatigue and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) General/Musculoskeletal scores (0.24 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.43) supported convergent validity. Correlations between FACIT-Fatigue and the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) scores and SLE annualised flare rate were weak but in the expected direction (ranging from − 0.02 to − 0.25). Known-groups validity testing showed that the FACIT-Fatigue can significantly discriminate between patient groups with differing scores for SELENA-SLEDAI, BILAG (General and Musculoskeletal) ratings, and Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA). Patients showing improvement in PGA and meeting the BILAG responder criteria had significantly higher mean improvement in FACIT-Fatigue scores than those without improvements in either measure (Week 52 mean score difference [95% confidence interval]: − 4.0 [− 5.0, − 3.0] and −2.2 [−3.1, −1.2], respectively; bothp < 0.0001). The range of important (i.e. meaningful) change in FACIT-Fatigue, based on multiple anchors, was 3–6 points.ConclusionsThe FACIT-Fatigue demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in patients with SLE. The body of evidence from the three BLISS trials (both pooled and individually) supports the FACIT-Fatigue as a reliable and valid measure of SLE-related fatigue in clinical trials.Clinical trial identifiersBLISS-SC (NCT01484496), BLISS-52 (NCT00424476), and BLISS-76 (NCT00410384).
The effect of gender, age, and body mass index on the medial and lateral posterior tibial slopes: a magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Aljuhani Wazzan S. , Qasim Salman S. , Alrasheed Abdullah , Altwalah Jumanah , Alsalman Mohammed J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is crucial in knee joint stability and in maintaining the natural movement of the knee. An increase in the PTS is associated with various knee pathologic conditions, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and anterior tibial translation (ATT). In the present study, we aimed to establish native medial and lateral PTS values for adult Saudis and to identify any association between PTS and gender, age, and body mass index (BMI).

Materials and methods
A total of 285 consecutive, normal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the knee were included in the study. The PTS was measured using the proximal anatomical axis of the tibia. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the medial and lateral PTS angles between age groups. The difference between the medial and lateral posterior tibial slopes was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the medial and lateral PTS angles between men and women. Age, gender, and BMI were analyzed by multivariate linear regression to determine whether they positively predict the medial and lateral PTS angles.

Results
The mean physiological medial PTS was 5.86 ± 3.0° and 6.61 ± 3.32°, and the lateral PTS was 4.41 ± 3.35° and 4.63 ± 2.85° in men and women, respectively. This difference showed no statistically significant gender dimorphism (p > 0.05). The medial PTS was significantly larger than the lateral PTS (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the medial and lateral PTS angles between age groups (p > 0.05). Higher BMI was significantly associated with a steeper medial PTS (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
This study provided native values for medial and lateral PTS angles in Saudis, which can assist surgeons in maintaining normal knee PTS during surgery. The PTS was not influenced by age. The medial PTS was significantly larger than the lateral PTS in men and women. The PTS showed no significant gender dimorphism. BMI was significantly associated with the medial PTS.
Long-term loss assessment of coastal bridges from hurricanes incorporating overturning failure mode
Authors: Zhu Deming , Li Yaohan , Dong You , Yuan Peng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoastal highway bridge is an essential component of the transportation system but threatened by natural hazards such as hurricanes. Damaged highway bridges result in not only transportation disruption, but also tremendous financial, societal, and life loss. Therefore, vulnerability and loss assessments of bridges under hurricane events are becoming primary concerns for decision-makers. This study provides an elaborate framework to assess the vulnerability and long-term loss of coastal bridges subjected to hurricane hazards based on three-dimensional (3D) numerical analyses. A 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model is established to investigate wave-bridge interaction and a Finite Element (FE) model is established for the bridge to calculate structural responses under wave impacts. Based on the numerical results, the effects of wave force and overturning moment on structural capacity are studied and a probabilistic vulnerability model is developed. Structural demand, capacity, and limit states are determined, respectively. Uncertainties associated with wave parameters, structural capacity, and material properties, and the resulting consequences are considered. Then, fragility curves are calculated, and long-term damage loss is assessed. The proposed approach can benefit the management and design of coastal bridges against the impacts of hurricane hazards.
Public perception of NHS general practice during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic in England
Authors: Duncan Lorna J. , Cheng Kelly F.D. 
Published: April 2021

Background: In March 2020, the delivery of NHS general practice consultations was rapidly modified to mitigate against the spread of COVID-19. Remote triage and consultations became the default, with adapted models for face-to-face contact if clinically required. This study aimed to gain insight into public perception of these adaptations. Methods: Two online surveys were developed, and conducted between August and September 2020. Survey A, open to anyone receiving the link to it, considered respondents’ experiences of healthcare contacts since March 2020, and their understanding of the adapted delivery. Survey B, open to survey A respondents only, then considered how healthcare communication had been received and individual preferences for this. Survey participation was voluntary. Results: The views and experiences of 150 members of the public were obtained. 105 had considered contacting general practice, although half avoided this or delayed doing so for longer than usual. While some patients did so ‘to help the NHS’, others experienced reduced access for a variety of reasons including COVID-19 safety concerns. Some however reported benefitting from remote consultation availability and regular texts/emails from their practice. 68% (102/150) of respondents were unaware that patients with COVID-19 were seen separately from other patients during general practice appointments. 27% of those in survey B who had avoided or delayed contact said they would have felt more comfortable contacting general practice had they known about this. Conclusions: Experience and use of the adapted general practice models varied. Some patients felt their access to healthcare was reduced, often due to technological requirements. For some who found attending face-to-face appointments difficult however, remote contact was advantageous. Most patients surveyed were unaware of the COVID-19 control measures in place during face-to-face general practice consultations. Assessment of adapted delivery model accessibility and clearer public messaging about the changes may help reduce inequalities.
Small animal Review
Authors: Craig Mark 
Published: April 2021

Summary: In this month's Small Animal Review three published papers relating to animal gut health from other veterinary journals are summarised. The papers for this issue focus on the canine microbiome in gastrointestinal disease and the microbiota-related changes that occur as a result of canine diabetes mellitus, as well as a literature review on the impact of exposure to dietary emulsifiers on bowel and metabolic health.
Autologous meniscus fragments embedded in atelocollagen gel enhance meniscus repair in a rabbit model
Authors: Matsubara Norimasa , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Ishikawa Masakazu , Tamura Takayuki , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: April 2021

Aims Meniscal injuries are common and often induce knee pain requiring surgical intervention. To develop effective strategies for meniscus regeneration, we hypothesized that a minced meniscus embedded in an atelocollagen gel, a firm gel-like material, may enhance meniscus regeneration through cell migration and proliferation in the gel. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate cell migration and proliferation in atelocollagen gels seeded with autologous meniscus fragments in vitro and examine the therapeutic potential of this combination in an in vivo rabbit model of massive meniscus defect. Methods A total of 34 Japanese white rabbits (divided into defect and atelocollagen groups) were used to produce the massive meniscus defect model through a medial patellar approach. Cell migration and proliferation were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, histological evaluation of the sections was performed, and a modified Pauli’s scoring system was used for the quantitative evaluation of the regenerated meniscus. Results In vitro immunohistochemistry revealed that the meniscus cells migrated from the minced meniscus and proliferated in the gel. Furthermore, histological analysis suggested that the minced meniscus embedded in the atelocollagen gel produced tissue resembling the native meniscus in vivo. The minced meniscus group also had a higher Pauli’s score compared to the defect and atelocollagen groups. Conclusion Our data show that cells in minced meniscus can proliferate, and that implantation of the minced meniscus within atelocollagen induces meniscus regeneration, thus suggesting a novel therapeutic alternative for meniscus tears. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(4):269–276.