bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale‐Dependent Bedform Migration and Deformation in the Physical and Spectral Domains
Authors: Lee Jiyong , Musa Mirko , Guala Michele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMulti‐scale bathymetries observed in laboratory channels and natural rivers have posed several challenges to the description of bedform geometry and kinematics. To better quantify scale‐dependent migration velocity, high resolution spatio‐temporal bed evolution data are analyzed using three independent methods: (i) a bedform tracking method that identifies individual bedforms in longitudinal bed elevation profiles, (ii) a cross‐correlation based, image matching technique in consecutive bathymetry scans similar to Particle Image Velocimetry, and (iii) two‐dimensional frequency‐wavenumber spectra marking a dispersion relation between bedform period and length, allowing estimation of Fourier‐based, scale‐dependent migration velocities. The comparative studies show that the spectral and bedform tracking methods present small differences in the migration velocity of medium‐large bedforms. However, significant deviations occur in the small bedforms, mostly due to bedform sheltering or amplified exposure to the flow, which also contribute to their enhanced scale‐dependent deformation. The analysis also shows that some form of scale separation is needed to extract the large and slowly migrating bedforms as they are masked by secondary features when several bedform orders coexist. Bathymetric Image Velocimetry reasonably estimates the averaged migration velocity and exhibits potential to study relations between spanwise bed surface velocity and local bedform kinematics.
Modeled and Observed Bedrock Displacements in North‐East Greenland Using Refined Estimates of Present‐Day Ice‐Mass Changes and Densified GNSS Measurements
Authors: Kappelsberger Maria T. , Strößenreuther Undine , Scheinert Mirko , Horwath Martin , Groh Andreas , Knöfel Christoph , Lunz Susanne , Khan Shfaqat A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModels of the glacial‐isostatic adjustment (GIA) to past ice‐mass changes exhibit large differences in north‐east Greenland owing to insufficient knowledge about glacial history and Earth rheology. The GIA uncertainties feed back to uncertainties in present‐day mass‐balance estimates from satellite gravimetry. Geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements allow to directly observe displacement of bedrock. We present results from repeated and continuous GNSS measurements conducted within five measurement campaigns between 2008 and 2017. We used the observed uplift rates to validate different GIA models in conjunction with estimates of the elastic response of the solid Earth to present‐day ice‐mass changes. To determine present‐day ice‐mass changes and the associated elastic deformations, we combined satellite altimetry data from CryoSat‐2 with satellite gravimetry data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment for the entire Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and included peripheral glaciers and ice caps. The different GIA models were consistently used in all processing steps. The GNSS measurements in north‐east Greenland revealed uplift rates in the range of 2.8 to 8.9 mm yr−1. The comparison of the total displacement predicted by GIA and elastic modeling with the GNSS‐based displacement clearly favors GIA models that show low rates (0.7–4.4 mm yr−1 at the GNSS sites) against GIA models with higher rates of up to 8.3 mm yr−1. The correction due to the favored GIA model in north‐east Greenland results in an ice‐mass loss of 233 ± 43 Gt yr−1 for the GrIS including peripheral glaciers over the period July 2010 to June 2017.
ChinaSpec: A Network for Long‐Term Ground‐Based Measurements of Solar‐Induced Fluorescence in China
Authors: Zhang Yongguang , Zhang Qian , Liu Liangyun , Zhang Yangjian , Wang Shaoqiang , Ju Weimin , Zhou Guangsheng , Zhou Li , Tang Jianwu , Zhu Xudong , Wang Feng , Huang Ying , Zhang Zhaoying , Qiu Bo , Zhang Xiaokang , Wang Songhan , Huang Changping , Tang Xuguang , Zhang Jinsong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRemotely sensed solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) has emerged as a novel and powerful approach for terrestrial vegetation monitoring. Continuous measurements of SIF in synergy with concurrent eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements can provide a new opportunity to advance terrestrial ecosystem science. Here, we introduce a network of ground‐based continuous SIF observations at flux tower sites across the mainland China referred to as ChinaSpec. The network consists of 16 tower sites until 2019 including six cropland sites, four grassland sites, four forest sites, and two wetland sites. An automated SIF system was deployed at each of these sites to collect continuous high‐resolution spectra for high‐frequency SIF retrievals in synergy with EC flux measurements. The goal of ChinaSpec is to provide long‐term ground‐based SIF measurements and promote the collaborations between optical remote sensing and EC flux observation communities in China. We present here the details of instrument specifications, data collection and processing procedures, data sharing and utilization protocols, and future plans. Furthermore, we show the examples how ground‐based SIF observations can be used to track vegetation photosynthesis from diurnal to seasonal scales, and to assist in the validation of fluorescence models and satellite SIF products (e.g., from OCO‐2 and TROPOMI) with the measurements from these sites since 2016. This network of SIF observations could improve our understanding of the controls on the biosphere‐atmosphere carbon exchange and enable the improvement of carbon flux predictions. It will also help integrate ground‐based SIF measurements with EC flux networks which will advance ecosystem and carbon cycle researches globally.
Sequential Abiotic‐Biotic Processes Drive Organic Carbon Transformation in Peat Bogs
Authors: Fudyma Jane D. , Toyoda Jason G. , Chu Rosalie K. , Weitz Karl K. , Heyman Heino M. , Eder Elizabeth , Hoyt David W. , Gieschen Hans , Graf Grachet Nathalia , Wilson Rachel M. , Tfaily Malak M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeatlands, which store one third of the terrestrial carbon (C), are subject to large disturbances under a changing climate. It is crucial to understand how microbial and physiochemical factors affect the vulnerability of these large C stores to predict climate‐induced greenhouse gas fluxes. Here, we used a combination of mass spectrometry and spectroscopy techniques, to understand sequential biotic and abiotic degradation pathways of Sphagnum fallax leachate in an anaerobic incubation experiment, in the presence and absence of microorganisms. Removal of microorganisms was carried out by passing aqueous samples through 0.2‐µm filters. Our results revealed that S. fallax leachate degradation by abiotic reactions is a significant contributor to CO2 production. Further, abiotic factors, such as low pH, are responsible for partial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation that produces bioavailable compounds that shift microbial metabolic pathways and stimulate respiration in peat bogs. Acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of Sphagnum‐ produced glycosides can provide the microbial communities with glucose and stimulate microbial respiration of DOC to CO2. These results, while unique to peatlands, demonstrate the importance and underscore the complexity of sequential abiotic and biotic processes on C cycling in peat bogs. It is therefore crucial to incorporate abiotic degradation and sequential below‐ground biotic and abiotic interactions into climate models for a better prediction of the influence of climate change on DOC stability in peatlands. These findings might not be representative of other ecosystems with different environmental conditions including mineral‐rich peatlands and plant matter in surface peat horizons that comprise discrete microbial populations, and DOC composition.
SOX2-dependent expression of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
Authors: Qiu Xuemei , Jiang Sheng , Xiao Yanxuan , He Yumin , Ren Tao , Jiang Lu , Liu Rui , Chen Qianming 
Published: January 2021

SummaryOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) become a heavy burden of public health, with approximately 300 000 newly diagnosed cases and 145 000 deaths worldwide per year. Nucleotide metabolism fuel DNA replication and RNA synthesis, which is indispensable for cell proliferation. But how tumor cells orchestrate nucleotide metabolic enzymes to support their rapid growth is largely unknown. Here we show that expression of pyrimidine metabolic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is upregulated in OSCC tissues, compared to non-cancerous adjacent tissues. Enhanced expression of DHODH is correlated with a shortened patient survival time. Inhibition of DHODH by either shRNA or selective inhibitors impairs proliferation of OSCC cells and growth of tumor xenograft. Further, loss of functional DHODH imped de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and disrupt mitochondrial respiration probably through destabilizing the MICOS complex. Mechanistic study shows that transcriptional factor SOX2 plays an important role in the upregulation of DHODH in OSCC. Our findings add to the knowledge of how cancer cells co-opt nucleotide metabolism to support their rapid growth, and thereby highlight DHODH as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.
Extraordinary evanescent field confinement waveguide sensor for mid-infrared trace gas spectroscopy
Authors: Vlk Marek , Datta Anurup , Alberti Sebastián , Yallew Henock Demessie , Mittal Vinita , Murugan Ganapathy Senthil , Jágerská Jana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanophotonic waveguides are at the core of a great variety of optical sensors. These structures confine light along defined paths on photonic chips and provide light–matter interaction via an evanescent field. However, waveguides still lag behind free-space optics for sensitivity-critical applications such as trace gas detection. Short optical pathlengths, low interaction strengths, and spurious etalon fringes in spectral transmission are among the main reasons why on-chip gas sensing is still in its infancy. In this work, we report on a mid-infrared integrated waveguide sensor that successfully addresses these drawbacks. This sensor operates with a 107% evanescent field confinement factor in air, which not only matches but also outperforms free-space beams in terms of the per-length optical interaction. Furthermore, negligible facet reflections result in a flat spectral background and record-low absorbance noise that can finally compete with free-space spectroscopy. The sensor performance was validated at 2.566 μm, which showed a 7 ppm detection limit for acetylene with only a 2 cm long waveguide.
No difference in survival after HLA mismatched versus HLA matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation in Ewing sarcoma patients with advanced disease
Authors: Thiel U. , Schober S. J. , Ranft A. , Gassmann H. , Jabar S. , Gall K. , von Lüttichau I. , Wawer A. , Koscielniak E. , Diaz M. A. , Ussowicz M. , Kazantsev I. , Afanasyev B. , Merker M. , Klingebiel T. , Prete A. , Gruhn B. , Bader P. , Jürgens H. , Dirksen U. , Handgretinger R. , Burdach S. , Lang P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with advanced Ewing sarcoma (AES) carry a poor prognosis. Retrospectively, we analyzed 66 AES patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) receiving HLA-mismatched (group A, n = 39) versus HLA-matched grafts (group B, n = 27). Median age at diagnosis was 13 years, and 15 years (range 3–49 years) at allo-SCT. The two groups did not differ statistically in distribution of gender, age, remission status/number of relapses at allo-SCT, or risk stratum. 9/39 (23%) group A versus 2/27 (7%) group B patients developed severe acute graft versus host disease (GvHD). Of patients alive at day 100, 7/34 (21%) group A versus 9/19 (47%) group B patients had developed chronic GvHD. In group A, 33/39 (85%) versus 20/27 (74%) group B patients died of disease and 1/39 (3%) versus 1/27 (4%) patients died of complications, respectively. Altogether 12/66 (18%) patients survived in CR. Median EFS 24 months after allo-SCT was 20% in both groups, median OS was 27% (group A) versus 17% (group B), respectively. There was no difference in EFS and OS in AES patients transplanted with HLA-mismatched versus HLA-matched graft in univariate and multivariate analyses. In this analysis, CR at allo-SCT is a condition for survival (p < 0.02).
A new immunotherapy strategy targeted CD30 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: CAR-modified T-cell therapy based on CD30 mAb
Authors: Wu Yang , Chen Dan , Lu Ya , Dong Shu-Chen , Ma Rong , Tang Wei-yan , Wu Jian-qiu , Feng Ji-Feng , Wu Jian-Zhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) has shown remarkable efficacy in treating tumors of lymphopoietic origin. Herein, we demonstrate an effective CAR-T cell treatment for recurrent and malignant CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) has been demonstrated. The extracellular fragment gene sequences of CD30 were obtained from tumor tissues of PTCL patients and cloned into a plasmid vector to express the CD30 antigen. The CD30 targeting single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) was obtained from CD30-positive monoclonal hybridoma cells, which were obtained from CD30 antigen immunized mice. After a second-generation of CAR lentiviral construction, CD30 CAR T cells were produced and used to determine the cytotoxicity of this construct toward Karpas 299 cells. The results of CD30 CAR T-mediated cell lysis show that 9C11-2 CAR T cells could significantly promote the lysis of CD30-positive Karpas 299 cells in both LDH and real-time cell electronic sensing (RTCA) assays. In vivo data show that 9C11-2 CAR T cells effectively suppress the tumor growth in a Karpas 299 cell xenograft NCG mouse model. The CD30 CAR T cells exhibited an efficient cytotoxic effect after being co-cultured with the target cells and they also exhibited a significant tumor-inhibiting ability after being intravenously injected into PTCL xenograft tumors; these observations suggest that the new CD30 CAR-T cell may be a promising therapeutic candidate for cancer therapy.
High proportion of thiamine deficiency in referred cancer patients with delirium: a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Onishi Hideki , Sato Izumi , Uchida Nozomu , Takahashi Takao , Furuya Daisuke , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Yoshioka Akira , Ito Hiroshi , Ishida Mayumi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Recent studies have revealed thiamine deficiency (TD) as a cause of delirium in cancer patients. However, the extent to which Wernicke encephalopathy is present and in what patients is not well understood.

Subjects/Methods
In this retrospective descriptive study, we investigated referred cancer patients who were diagnosed with delirium by a psycho-oncologist to clarify the proportion of TD, the therapeutic effect of thiamine administration, and the factors involved in its onset.

Results
Among 71 patients diagnosed with delirium by a psycho-oncologist, TD was found in 45% of the patients. Intravenous administration of thiamine led to a recovery in about 60% of these patients. We explored the factors associated with TD using a multivariable regression model with a Markov chain Monte Carlo imputation procedure. We found an association between TD and chemotherapy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.98 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–3.77]); however, there were no significant associations between TD and the other factors we considered.

Conclusions
TD is not particularly rare in delirium patients undergoing psychiatric consultation. The delirium was resolved in more than half of these patients by intravenous administration of thiamine. Oncologists should consider TD as a cause of delirium in cancer patients. Further prospective study is needed to clarify the relationship between TD and delirium in cancer patients.
Ocular manifestations of emerging viral diseases
Authors: Venkatesh Ashwin , Patel Ravi , Goyal Simran , Rajaratnam Timothy , Sharma Anant , Hossain Parwez 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are an increasing threat to public health on a global scale. In recent times, the most prominent outbreaks have constituted RNA viruses, spreading via droplets (COVID-19 and Influenza A H1N1), directly between humans (Ebola and Marburg), via arthropod vectors (Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo) and zoonotically (Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift Valley fever, Hantaviruses). However, specific approved antiviral therapies and vaccine availability are scarce, and public health measures remain critical. Patients can present with a spectrum of ocular manifestations. Emerging infectious diseases should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients inhabiting or returning from endemic territories, and more general vigilance is advisable in the context of a global pandemic. Eye specialists are in a position to facilitate swift diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes, and contribute to wider public health efforts during outbreaks. This article reviews those emerging viral diseases associated with reports of ocular manifestations and summarizes details pertinent to practicing eye specialists.
Automated MRI-based quantification of posterior ocular globe flattening and recovery after long-duration spaceflight
Authors: Sater Stuart H. , Sass Austin M. , Rohr Jesse J. , Marshall-Goebel Karina , Ploutz-Snyder Robert J. , Ethier C. Ross , Stenger Michael B. , Kramer Larry A. , Martin Bryn A. , Macias Brandon R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), a health risk related to long-duration spaceflight, is hypothesized to result from a headward fluid shift that occurs with the loss of hydrostatic pressure gradients in weightlessness. Shifts in the vascular and cerebrospinal fluid compartments alter the mechanical forces at the posterior eye and lead to flattening of the posterior ocular globe. The goal of the present study was to develop a method to quantify globe flattening observed by magnetic resonance imaging after spaceflight.

Subjects/Methods
Volumetric displacement of the posterior globe was quantified in 10 astronauts at 5 time points after spaceflight missions of ~6 months.

Results
Mean globe volumetric displacement was 9.88 mm3 (95% CI 4.56–15.19 mm3, p < 0.001) on the first day of assessment after the mission (R[return]+ 1 day); 9.00 mm3 (95% CI 3.73–14.27 mm3, p = 0.001) at R + 30 days; 6.53 mm3 (95% CI 1.24–11.83 mm3, p < 0.05) at R + 90 days; 4.45 mm3 (95% CI −0.96 to 9.86 mm3, p = 0.12) at R + 180 days; and 7.21 mm3 (95% CI 1.82–12.60 mm3, p < 0.01) at R + 360 days.

Conclusions
There was a consistent inward displacement of the globe at the optic nerve, which had only partially resolved 1 year after landing. More pronounced globe flattening has been observed in previous studies of astronauts; however, those observations lacked quantitative measures and were subjective in nature. The novel automated method described here allows for detailed quantification of structural changes in the posterior globe that may lead to an improved understanding of SANS.
Neighbor GWAS: incorporating neighbor genotypic identity into genome-wide association studies of field herbivory
Authors: Sato Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Eiji , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Nagano Atsushi J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of field studies have shown that the phenotype of an individual plant depends not only on its genotype but also on those of neighboring plants; however, this fact is not taken into consideration in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Based on the Ising model of ferromagnetism, we incorporated neighbor genotypic identity into a regression model, named “Neighbor GWAS”. Our simulations showed that the effective range of neighbor effects could be estimated using an observed phenotype when the proportion of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by neighbor effects peaked. The spatial scale of the first nearest neighbors gave the maximum power to detect the causal variants responsible for neighbor effects, unless their effective range was too broad. However, if the effective range of the neighbor effects was broad and minor allele frequencies were low, there was collinearity between the self and neighbor effects. To suppress the false positive detection of neighbor effects, the fixed effect and variance components involved in the neighbor effects should be tested in comparison with a standard GWAS model. We applied neighbor GWAS to field herbivory data from 199 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana and found that neighbor effects explained 8% more of the PVE of the observed damage than standard GWAS. The neighbor GWAS method provides a novel tool that could facilitate the analysis of complex traits in spatially structured environments and is available as an R package at CRAN (https://cran.rproject.org/package=rNeighborGWAS).
Direct control of CAR T cells through small molecule-regulated antibodies
Authors: Park Spencer , Pascua Edward , Lindquist Kevin C. , Kimberlin Christopher , Deng Xiaodi , Mak Yvonne S. L. , Melton Zea , Johnson Theodore O. , Lin Regina , Boldajipour Bijan , Abraham Robert T. , Pons Jaume , Sasu Barbra Johnson , Van Blarcom Thomas J. , Chaparro-Riggers Javier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAntibody-based therapeutics have experienced a rapid growth in recent years and are now utilized in various modalities spanning from conventional antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Many next generation antibody therapeutics achieve enhanced potency but often increase the risk of adverse events. Antibody scaffolds capable of exhibiting inducible affinities could reduce the risk of adverse events by enabling a transient suspension of antibody activity. To demonstrate this, we develop conditionally activated, single-module CARs, in which tumor antigen recognition is directly modulated by an FDA-approved small molecule drug. The resulting CAR T cells demonstrate specific cytotoxicity of tumor cells comparable to that of traditional CARs, but the cytotoxicity is reversibly attenuated by the addition of the small molecule. The exogenous control of conditional CAR T cell activity allows continual modulation of therapeutic activity to improve the safety profile of CAR T cells across all disease indications.
Electronic spin separation induced by nuclear motion near conical intersections
Authors: Wu Yanze , Subotnik Joseph E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThough the concept of Berry force was proposed thirty years ago, little is known about the practical consequences of this force as far as chemical dynamics are concerned. Here, we report that when molecular dynamics pass near a conical intersection, a massive Berry force can appear as a result of even a small amount of spin-orbit coupling (<10−3eV), and this Berry force can in turn dramatically change pathway selection. In particular, for a simple radical reaction with two outgoing reaction channels, an exact quantum scattering solution in two dimensions shows that the presence of a significant Berry force can sometimes lead to spin selectivity as large as 100%. Thus, this article opens the door for organic chemists to start designing spintronic devices that use nuclear motion and conical intersections (combined with standard spin-orbit coupling) in order to achieve spin selection. Vice versa, for physical chemists, this article also emphasizes that future semiclassical simulations of intersystem crossing (which have heretofore ignored Berry force) should be corrected to account for the spin polarization that inevitably arises when dynamics pass near conical intersections.