bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a microparticulate HPV vaccine for oral delivery
Authors: PANICKER GITIKA , VO TRINH , RAJBHANDARI IRA , UDDIN NASIR , MANGALATHU RAJEEVAN , UNGER ELIZABETH R. , D'sOUZA MARTIN 
Published: June 2021

Current HPV vaccines are effective in preventing infection with the vaccine types. However, the cost of the vaccine, infrastructure for cold chain and trained personnel, is a major barrier to its introduction in low resource settings. An oral microparticulate vaccine could reduce programmatic costs of HPV vaccine implementation. Our aim was to develop a formulation for oral delivery using HPV16 virus like particles (VLPs), and conduct preclinical tests of immunogenicity.Purified VLPs were incorporated into β‐cyclodextrin microparticles using Buchi B191 spray dryer. 3 doses of the vaccine were administered orally to female BALB/c mice at 2 week intervals. Blood samples were collected prior to inoculation and 1 week after each inoculation for up to 7 weeks. Antibody response was determined using direct HPV16 VLP IgG ELISA.Average size of the microparticles was 3.5± 0.6 μm, with encapsulation efficiency of 60% of VLPs. Electron micrographs confirmed the conformational integrity of the VLPs released from the microparticles. Antibody response was observed in 1/6 mice by week 3 which gradually increased to 4/6 mice by week 7. Current formulation shows promise for development of an effective oral vaccine with modifications to boost the positive response observed in this study.“The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency.”
Age and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Expression and Functionality in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)
Authors: Coleman Laura A , Mishina Margarita , Thompson Mark , Spencer Sarah , Cheng Po‐Yung , Talbot H. Keipp , Sundaram Maria E , Griffin Marie , Sambhara Suryaprakash 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveCharacterize PBMC VDR expression and functionality by age and serum 25(OH) D.Methods40 adults ≥ 50 yrs provided pre‐influenza vaccination blood for PBMC isolation in fall 2009. Serum 25(OH) D was measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Gene expression of VDR, 1α‐hydroxylase (1αOHase), cathelicidin, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), retinoic acid‐inducible gene 1 (RIG1), and interferon β (IFNβ) was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vitamin D‐treated PBMC.ResultsMean ± SD serum 25(OH) D was 30 ± 4 ng/mL and not associated with age. Unstimulated mRNA expression of VDR, 1αOHase, TREM1, and RIG1 did not differ by age. IFNβ mRNA expression was higher in subjects ≥ 80 vs. <70 yrs (p<0.05). LPS stimulation upregulated expression of VDR (p<0.01) and 1αOHase (p<0.05). 25(OH) D and 1, 25(OH)2 D added in vitro upregulated TREM1 and cathelicidin. Serum 25(OH) D was inversely associated with unstimulated (r = −0.31) and LPS‐stimulated (r = −0.41) TREM1 expression, and LPS‐stimulated VDR expression (r = −0.33), adjusting for age, self‐rated health, and functional status.ConclusionAge had no consistent association with expression or functionality of the VDR or 1αOHase genes. 25(OH) D levels were inversely associated with TREM1 and LPS‐stimulated VDR expression. This project has been funded by CDC grants 5 U18 IP000183–02 and 1 U18 IP000184–01.
Investigation of free amino acid concentration in Japanese mother fs breast milk at 4–5 days after giving birth
Authors: Matsumoto Hideki , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Shirou , Nakamura Kenji , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Fukuda Shigeru , Endo Fumio 
Published: June 2021

AimBreast milk contains numerous nutrients such as carbohydrate dominated by lactose, lipids, proteins and free amino acids (FAAs). The non‐protein nitrogen fraction that includes FAAs has been studied extensively and their important physiological roles in infant nutrition and development have been elucidated. However, the knowledge of FAAs in the milk and supports data for its physiological levels are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of FFAs and influence of food intake on FAAs in breast milk of Japanese women.MethodsSubjects, 12 mothers, living in Kumamoto were recruited to supply breast milk samples. Approximately 15 mL of breast milk was obtained at a time by assistance of maternity nurses, collecting in propylene tube, immediate placed in ice and stored in deep freezer until analysis. The FAAs in respective samples were carried out by deproteinization with 0.3% (w/v) sulfosalicylic acid solution, filtration with 0.45 um pore size filter, ultrafiltration with 10K filter, and amino acid contents analysis by Hitachi L‐8900 amino acid analyzer.Results and ConclusionsBreast milk contained high concentrations of glutamic acid (Glu), which was over 20% of total FFAs. Furthermore, Glu concentrations increased at 1 and 2.5 hours after the meal, but other FAAs are not changed by eating a meal. The FAAs concentration in breast milk seems well maintained with the exception of Glu.
Effects of raisins on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals
Authors: Kendall Cyril WC , Esfahani Amin , Lam Joanne 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn light of evidence demonstrating improvements in glycemic control with moderate fructose intake and low glycemic index fruits, our aim was to determine the glycemic and insulinemic indices and postprandial responses to raisins in an acute‐feed setting.Methods10 healthy participants (4M, 6F) consumed breakfast study meals on four occasions over a 2–8wk period: Meal 1, white bread [WB] (108g WB; 50g available CHO) served as the control and was consumed on two separate occasions; Meal 2, Raisins [R50] (69g raisins; 50g available CHO); and Meal 3, Raisins [R20] (1 serving, 28g raisins; 20g available carbohydrate). Postprandial glucose and insulin was measured over a 2hr period for the determination of glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and insulin index (II).ResultsThe raisin meals, R50 and R20, resulted in significantly reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses when compared to WB (P<0.05). Furthermore, raisins were determined to be low GI, GL and II foods.ConclusionsThe favorable effect of raisins on postprandial glycemic response, their insulin‐sparing effect, low GI combined with their other metabolic benefits may indicate that raisins are a healthy choice not only for the general population but also for individuals with diabetes or insulin resistance.
A healthy dietary pattern is protective against non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in centrally obese adolescents
Authors: Black Lucinda J , Oddy Wendy H , Jacoby Peter , Ambrosini Gina L , Ayonrinde Oyekoya T , Olynyk John K , Beilin Lawrence J , Mori Trevor A , Adams Leon A 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity; however, not all obese individuals develop NAFLD. We examined prospective associations between dietary patterns and NAFLD in a population‐based cohort of adolescents with central obesity.MethodsParticipants in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study completed a food frequency questionnaire at 14 years and underwent liver ultrasound at 17 years. Healthy and Western dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis, resulting in z‐scores for both patterns. Prospective associations between dietary patterns and risk of NAFLD in centrally obese adolescents were explored using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders (n = 193).ResultsA healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with reduced risk of NAFLD (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39, 0.92; p = 0.018) and this trend was seen in both males and females. A Western dietary pattern was significantly associated with increased risk of NAFLD in females only (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.05, 3.66; p = 0.034).ConclusionsA healthy dietary pattern may protect against NAFLD in centrally obese adolescents. This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Project #353514, 403981 and 634445.
Expression of neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R), cyclooxygenase‐ 2 (Cox‐2), phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in colitis‐associated cancer (CAC)
Authors: Isidro Raymond A , Cruz Myrella L , Isidro Angel A , Ramírez Antonio , Hernández Siomara , González‐Marqués William A , González‐Keelan Carmen , Torres Esther A , Appleyard Caroline B 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have implicated NK‐1R, Cox‐2, pEGFR, and VDR in the development of sporadic dysplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC). The role of these proteins in CAC remains unclear.AIMDetermine the expression of NK‐1R, Cox‐2, pEGFR, and VDR in tissue from patients with CAC.METHODSTissue samples from 6 patients with CAC were stained by immunohistochemistry. Areas of cancer were photographed and scored based on staining intensity. Scores were compared to those previously reported for normal, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), sporadic dysplasia, and sporadic CRC patients.RESULTSThe staining pattern observed for NK‐1R, Cox‐2, and pEGFR in tissue from patients with CAC was consistent with that of sporadic CRC. VDR staining in CAC tissue was similar to that of IBD and significantly higher than in tissue with sporadic dysplasia (p<0.0001) or cancer (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONThe previously reported patterns of expression for NK‐1R, Cox‐2, and pEGFR in sporadic CRC were observed in tissue from patients with CAC, suggesting that these proteins might play similar roles in both CAC and sporadic CRC. The inflammation and vitamin D deficiency associated with IBD might lead to differences in the role played by the vitamin D‐VDR system in CAC and sporadic CRC. GM082406, CA126379
Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Accelerates Refractory Wound Healing by Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
Authors: Tie Lu , Lin Zhi‐Bin , Li Xue‐Jun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundImpaired wound healing in diabetic patients is a serious complication with limited treatment regimens. Gene therapy of mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was able to restore diabetic wound healing with suppression of O2.−. The present study was designed to determine protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (Gl‐PS), as a potent inducer of MnSOD, on diabetic wound healing.Method and ResultsStreptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice with full‐thickness excisional wounds were administered with Gl‐PS (10, 50 or 250 mg/kg/day, i.g.). Gl‐PS dose‐dependently rescued the delay of wound closure and increased the mean perfusion rate around the wound in diabetic mice. Diabetic conditions markly increased mitochondrial O2.− production and nitrotyrosine formation in wound tissues, which were normalized with Gl‐PS treatment. In diabetic wound tissues, the protein level of MnSOD was unchanged whereas MnSOD activity was inhibited and its nitration was potentiated; Gl‐PS administration suppressed MnSOD nitration and increased MnSOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Moreover, Gl‐PS attenuated the redox enzyme p66Shc expression and phosphorylation in diabetic mice skin.ConclusionGl‐PS rescued the delayed wound healing and improved wound angiogenesis in diabetic mice, at least in part, by suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Effect of sodium nitrite supplementation on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice
Authors: Reese Lauren R. , Sindler Amy L. , Cox‐York Kimberly A. , Seals Doug R. , Gentile Christopher L. 
Published: June 2021

Nitrite is an oxidative breakdown product of nitric oxide that has been shown to restore cardiovascular dysfunction in various settings, although its effects on diabetes‐related endothelial dysfunction are unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that short‐term nitrite therapy restores endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Genetically obese, diabetic mice (db/db) were administered drinking water with or without sodium nitrite (50 mg/‐L) for 4 weeks. Isolated carotid arteries of diabetic mice had lower acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) compared to heterozygous control mice (db/+) (71.2 ±14.3% vs. 93±7.0%; p<0.05). Sodium nitrite supplementation restored EDD to control levels (92.9±2.3% vs. 93±7.0%; p<0.05). Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP)‐induced endothelium‐independent dilation did not differ between diabetic and control mice (99.8±4.2% vs. 97.2±4.2%; p<0.05) or following nitrite supplementation (99.8±1.2%; p<0.05). These data suggest that sodium nitrite may be a novel therapy for treating diabetes‐related arterial dysfunction.5 K01 DK087777‐03 PI: Gentile, Christopher, NIH AG013038 PI: Douglas R. Seals
Thermal perception in trained and untrained young men
Authors: TAKEDA RYOSUKE , Okazaki Kazunobu , Imai Daiki , Suzuki Akina , Naghavi Nooshin , Yokoyama Hisayo , Miyagawa Toshiaki 
Published: June 2021

Increase in skin and esophageal temperature (Tsk and Tes) enhances autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory responses with the perception of both temperatures. Endurance training increases autonomic thermoregulatory responses therefore we assessed if the perception of both temperatures was modified with endurance training.MethodsSeven trained (< 3 days of training/week) and six untrained healthy young men underwent measurements of noticeable increase/decrease (± 0.1°C/sec) of skin temperature (warm/cold threshold) at chest by using a thermode (6.25 cm2), and of subjective whole body thermal sensation (visual analogue scale) in normothermia (NT, Tes; 36.6 ± 0.2°C) and hyperthermia (HT, Tes; 37.3 ± 0.1°C, lower legs immersion in 42°C water). Tes, Tsk, and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate (SR) at forearm and chest were measured continuously.ResultsIn both groups, cold threshold was decreased and subjective whole body thermal sensation, CVC and SR at both sites were increased in HT compared with NT (P < 0.05), while warm threshold remained unchanged. In NT and HT, cold threshold and subjective whole body thermal sensation were similar in both groups, while warm threshold was lower (more sensitive) in trained than untrained men (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSkin warm perception but not skin cold perception or whole body thermal sensation is more sensitive in trained than untrained men.
Effects of heat stress on mechanical ventilation‐induced atrophy in rat diaphragm
Authors: Ichinoseki‐Sekine Noriko , Yoshihara Toshinori , Kakigi Ryo , Sugiura Takao , Powers Scott K , Kawai Sachio , Naito Hisashi 
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the effects of heat stress on mechanical ventilation‐induced atrophy in rat diaphragm. Adult male Wistar rats (n=38) were assigned randomly to control, heat stress, mechanical ventilation (MV), or heat stress + MV groups. Heat stress consisted of 1 h in a heat chamber set at 41°C, 24 h before MV. MV was performed for 12 h under anesthesia. Immediately after MV, diaphragm was removed, frozen and stored for analysis. All procedures were approved by the animal ethics committee of Juntendo University. MV significantly increased cleaved caspase‐3 (p<0.05) and reduced the mean muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA, p<0.05). TUNEL index was not affected by MV. Heat stress resulted in a significant induction of heat shock protein72 (p<0.01), and attenuated reduction of CSA (p<0.05). Cleaved caspase‐3 and TUNEL index tended to be decreased by heat stress. These results indicate that 1 h whole‐body heat stress 24 h before MV may attenuate the acute diaphragmatic atrophy via an apoptotic pathway.This work was supported by a Grant‐in‐Aid for Young Scientists (B) No. 23700781 and JSPS Fellows No. 11J11122 by JSPS.
Giardia duodenalis Depletes Goblet Cell Mucins and Degrades MUC2, Facilitating Bacterial Translocation
Authors: Amat Christina , Motta Jean‐Paul , Bhargava Amol , Chadee Kris , Buret Andre 
Published: June 2021

Giardia duodenalis, a cosmopolitan diarrheagenic parasite of the small intestine, leads to post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) and extraintestinal complications via unclear mechanisms. The effects of Giardia on the protective mucus layers of the intestine are unknown.ObjectivesC57BL/6 (WT) and Muc2‐/‐ mice, human goblet cell line LS174T, and purified human mucin were exposed to Giardia trophozoites or Giardia's secreted product to assess the effects of Giardia on MUC2 and goblet cell mucins.ResultsInfected Muc2‐/‐ mice had higher parasitic loads and inhibition of weight gain versus WT mice. Goblet cell mucin (stained with PAS/AB and WGA) was depleted in the small intestine and colon of infected WT mice. Bacterial translocation to the liver and spleen was also increased in infected mice. Immunofluorescence staining of MUC2 was reduced in human goblet cells in vitro after exposure to Giardia trophozoites. In addition, a co‐incubation of Giardia's secreted products with purified human mucin degraded MUC2.ConclusionsMUC2 mucin is protective in giardiasis, but Giardia is able to overcome this barrier. While Giardia colonizes the upper small intestine, it induces mucin depletion in goblet cells throughout the small intestine and colon. Mucin depletion and degradation break down the protective mucus barrier, facilitating bacterial translocation. These mechanisms may contribute to PI‐IBS. Supported by HPI NSERC CREATE, NSERC Discovery and Queen Elizabeth II Master's Scholarship
Changes in Self‐efficacy and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in the FAITH Trial
Authors: Morel L'Horset Amy , Schoenthaler Antoinette , Chaplin William , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Lancaster Kristie 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDespite the blood pressure (BP) lowering benefit of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (FV), the majority of Black Americans – a high risk group for hypertension – consume fewer FV servings than whites. Self‐efficacy (SE) is associated with FV intake in diverse groups, but limited research has examined FV_SE change in interventions led by lay health advisors (LHAs). The Faith‐based Approaches in the Treatment of Hypertension (FAITH) trial evaluated the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention delivered by LHAs on BP reduction among hypertensive Blacks in churches. This study examines the changes in FV_SE and FV intake at 6 months.Methods: Participants were randomized into either an 11‐week therapeutic lifestyle change program and 3 subsequent monthly motivational interviewing sessions led by LHAs in the churches (MINT‐TLC), or an 11‐week health education control. Measures included the NCI FV screener and a 10‐item FV_SE scale. Changes in FV_SE score and FV intake were measured from baseline to 6 months using mixed effects regression models.Results: In this predominantly Black (96.1%) and female (76.4%) sample with a mean age of 63.4y, systolic BP was reduced but there was no change in FV intake (p=0.37). However, there was a significant treatment x months interaction with SE; FV_SE significantly increased in the MINT‐TLC group compared to the control (p<0.001). There was also a positive association between FV_SE score and FV intake (p<0.001).ConclusionAlthough FV_SE increased and was associated with FV intake, the intervention did not increase FV intake.Funded by NHLBI R01HL092860‐01
Variability in Plasma Free Choline and its Relation with Diet and Potential Plasma Biomarkers
Authors: Wiedeman Alejandra , Dyer Roger , Innis Sheila 
Published: June 2021

Choline is an essential nutrient that is crucial for synthesis of phoshatidylcholine (PC), which is important for cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins. Choline is also involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and when oxidized to betaine, serves as a methyl donor. Choline is present in a variety of foods, in different forms including PC. Additionally, choline is endogenously synthesized through the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. The current biomarker used to assess choline status is plasma free choline, usually is measured at one time only; moreover is not the only form of choline in plasma. The relation of plasma free choline with the different choline forms present in the diet and plasma is not known.To assess intra‐individual variability of plasma free choline, and the relation with dietary intake and plasma PC and lyso‐phosphatidylcholine (LPC).This study involved 40 adults and used a repeated measure design, and blood samples were collected in different days. Plasma was analysed for free choline using LC‐MS/MS, and for PC and LPC using HPLC. Dietary intake of choline was calculated with nutritional software using database for choline.Within individuals, plasma free choline varied up to 83%, between different sample time points. However, comparing the mean from all participants showed a variance of only 30%. Different forms and total choline intake were not associated with plasma free choline values. The next step is to complete the analysis of plasma PC and LPC.Studies focusing in assessing plasma free choline need to be aware of the large daily individuals' fluctuation in this biomarker. Supported by CIHR grant and Becas‐Chile scholarship.
Effects of Probiotics on Glycemic Control and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐controlled Study
Authors: Martino Hercia , Tonucci Livia , Santos Karina , Oliveira Leandro , Ribeiro Sonia 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe aim of this clinical trial was to investigate the effects of probiotics on glycemic control and inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory markers in T2D.MethodsIn a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial, 50 subjects with T2D were assigned to two groups: probiotic group, consumed 120 g/d of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 or placebo group, consumed 120 g/d of conventional fermented milk for 6 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition and fasting blood were took at baseline and after 6 weeks intervention.ResultsThe study demonstrated a significant decrease in fructosamine levels (p = 0.05) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tended to be lower (p = 0.07) in probiotic group. TNF‐ α and resistin were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in both groups after end of trial, while IL‐10 was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and adiponectin levels tended to be lower (p = 0.07) in the placebo group. There was a significant difference in mean changes of HbA1c, between groups (p < 0.05). No significant changes from baseline were shown in IL‐6 levels.ConclusionProbiotic consumption improved the glycemic control and prevented a reduction in anti‐inflamatory cytokines in T2D subjects. The Fermented milk intake seems to be involved with reductions in inflammatory markers.Research Support: Brazilian Foundation CAPES and CNPq