bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the components of the temperature measurement error by a resistance thermocouple of an installed unbalanced bridge
Authors: Leonov A , Shkaruba N Zh , Temasova G N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article has devoted to solving an urgent problem related to the determination and calculation of the components of the temperature measurement error. A grain drying machine had selected as the object of research, in which the temperature of the grain at the exit from the machine is measured with the help of a Cu50 resistance thermocouple installed in an unbalanced bridge. It had found that the scale of the measuring device, calibrated in degrees Celsius, will have a nonlinearity error, which increases towards the end of the measurement range. For the Cu50 resistance thermocouple installed in the grain drying machine, when measuring the temperature in the range of 0 … 100 °C in absolute terms, the nonlinearity error was 0.3 mA, in relative terms - 4.4 %, which is quite large. The measurement error has calculated with a tolerance for the nominal resistance of the thermistor ± 0.1 Ohm, which in the given form was 0.5%. The resulting value indicates that this component will have an insignificant effect on the total measurement error. The measurement error due to the supply voltage drop by 0.2 V in relative form was 4.2 %. Thus, the voltage drops when using an unbalanced bridge will have a significant effect on the measurement result.
Morphological properties of peroxidic pulp from hemp bonfire
Authors: Pen R Z , Shapiro I L , Chendilova L V , Marchenko R A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The bonfire (Cannabis sativa) was delignified with the reaction mixture “acetic acid - hydrogen peroxide - sulfuric acid catalyst - water” at a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.45%, a liquid module of 6, and a temperature of 85 °C. The effect of cooking conditions (hydrogen peroxide concentration and process duration) and mass grinding up to 34 … 36 °SR on the morphological properties of technical cellulose fibers - length, width, degree of inhomogeneity (polydispersity) - has been studied. Hemp fibers are inferior in length to those of spruce wood and wheat straw, but more uniform. The widths of hemp and wood fibers are almost the same. Due to its high strength characteristics, peroxide cellulose from bonfire is suitable for use in composition with other fibrous semi-finished products in the production of mass types of paper and cardboard products.
Effect of pulp consistency during refining on physical and mechanical characteristics of handsheets
Authors: Ushakov A V , Alashkevich Y D , Kozhukhov VA , Marchenko R A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
At the moment, the pulp and paper industry produces a wide variety of types of paper and board, which can serve as an alternative to plastic packaging products. The main requirement for paper packaging is high strength properties, which include: breaking length, resistance to breaking, bursting and tearing. The required strength properties can be ensured at the stage of refining the semi-finished product from which the paper product will be made by changing the consistency of the pulp. Since the influence of the consistency of the pulp during refining on the strength characteristics of the finished product has not been fully studied, it was of interest to find out how the strength properties of castings change when refining the pulp with a change in concentration.
Heating of natural gas before expander - generator unit
Authors: Mukolyants A A , Sotnikova I V , Ergasheva D K , Shadibekova F T , Taubaldiev A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the replacement of throttling at the stations of technological lowering of the pressure of main natural gas by an expander-generator technology that allows the production of a cheap one with high environmental indicators. The disadvantage of this method of generating electricity is a significant cooling of the gas at the outlet of the expander, which necessitates its heating. The efficiency of the expander-generator set is largely determined by the adopted gas heating scheme. Achieving such heating temperatures is possible only by using high-potential energy resources, which are present in the technological equipment of gas distribution stations in the form of gas heaters with an intermediate heat carrier, designed to heat gas before expansion. Calculations of the amount of fuel gas required for heating the main natural gas in front of the expander-generator unit at the gas distribution stations under consideration have been carried out. The results of the study of the influence of the temperature of gas heating in front of the expander on the consumption of fuel gas supplied for heating and the numbers of heaters are presented. An analytical dependence of the electric power of the heat pump installation on the difference between the total power consumption of the compressor and the power of the air turbine is obtained.
Analysis and study of energy efficiency by the operation of a voltage stabilizer
Authors: Karimov R Ch , Kuchkarov A V , Xodjalimova M Z , Makhamadjanov R K , Numonov A B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the analysis and study of the energy efficiency of the operation of a voltage stabilizer using a non-contact voltage relay. In addition, the calculation of the energy efficiency from the use of the stabilizer is presented on the example of the enterprise of the Baysun district power supply of the Surkhandarya region. Summarizing the results of the analyzed and investigated energy efficiency of the prototype of the stabilizer, it can be stated that it fully meets the requirements for such devices and can ensure reliable operation of the power supply network of household electrical receivers with a voltage of 0.4 kV.
Gas-air mixture explosion behaviour research at different temperatures
Authors: Klochkov S V , Minkin A N , Edimichev D A , Krekhov A A , Chistova E V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article discusses gas-air mixture explosion properties depending on its initial parameters. Authors use the heat flow control sensor to obtain the most dangerous concentration range at normal and low temperatures. The dependences of heat flux changes at initial moment of explosion under different conditions are analyzed. The survey setup was a plastic bag filled with a gas mixture. Experiments were carried out with (without) holding the substance and with (without) using the turbulators. The reliability of acquired data was assessed by running a tenfold repetition of each test bench under identical meteorological conditions.
Neuromorphous structures of the adaptive control for technological modules
Authors: Sizykh Viktor , Daneev Aleksei , Daneev Roman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article develops a scientific direction, which is based on the organization of the functioning of a complex technological process according to the rules of a simple, well-studied TP based on the methods of the theory of investment. The main thesis of embedding theory: comparison of complexly organized multiply connected physical systems with relatively simple, well-studied systems. TP in this case is a multi-agent system consisting of a set of parallel TMs - single-layer neural networks with a given topology of connections between agents.
Analysis of physical and technical methods for controlling the density of the brake line of a train and ways to increase their efficiency
Authors: Antropov Aleksandr , Antropova Tatyana , Cherepov Oleg , Pranov Vadim , Volkov Denis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of monitoring the brake line of a train as a means of detecting dangerous failures of braking equipment and preventing emergencies. The existing methods and methods for controlling the density of the brake line are analysed, with the determination of their effectiveness. An assessment is given of the prospects for the development of brake line control devices, based on the conditions for ensuring traffic safety, and ways of improving the most effective methods are proposed.
Assessment of the stability of the gas-diesel automatic control system
Authors: Mikheev G M , Lekomtsev P L , Lopatin O P , Likhanov V A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Any steady-state operation of the engine is evaluated by qualitative and quantitative parameters. For internal combustion engines, the qualitative parameter is the speed of the crankshaft, and the quantitative parameter is the engine torque. There are functional dependencies between these parameters, the graphical representation of which is called speed characteristics. However, the transition modes of engines are much more complex than the established ones, especially in gas-diesel engines, where the relationship between the parameters of the engine and the characteristics of the gas supply units is quite complex, and the transition process is accompanied by a change in the parameters of its working process over time and is a dynamic mode.
Luminescence of Baikal water as a dynamic background of the Baikal-GVD Neutrino Telescope
Authors: Allakhverdyan V.A. , Avrorin A.D. , Avrorin A.V. , Aynutdinov V.M. , Bannasch R. , Bardačová Z. , Belolaptikov I.A. , Borina I.V. , Brudanin V.B. , Budnev N.M. , Dik V.Y. , Domogatsky G.V. , Doroshenko A.A. , Dvornický R. , Dyachok A.N. , Dzhilkibaev Zh.-A.M. , Eckerová E. , Elzhov T.V. , Fajt L. , Fialkovski S.V. , Gafarov A.R. , Golubkov K.V. , Gorshkov N.S. , Gress T.I. , Katulin M.S. , Kebkal K.G. , Kebkal O.G. , Khramov E.V. , Kolbin M.M. , Konischev K.V. , Kopański K.A. , Korobchenko A.V. , Koshechkin A.P. , Kozhin V.A. , Kruglov M.V. , Kryukov M.K. , Kulepov V.F. , Malecki Pa. , Malyshkin Y.M. , Milenin M.B. , Mirgazov R.R. , Naumov D.V. , Nazari V. , Noga W. , Petukhov D.P. , Pliskovsky E.N. , Rozanov M.I. , Rushay V.D. , Ryabov E.V. , Safronov G.B. , Shaybonov B.A. , Shelepov M.D. , Šimkovic F. , Sirenko A.E. , Skurikhin A.V. , Solovjev A.G. , Sorokovikov M.N. , Štekl I. , Stromakov A.P. , Sushenok E.O. , Suvorova O.V. , Tabolenko V.A. , Tarashansky B.A. , Yablokova Y.V. , Yakovlev S.A. , Zaborov D.N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Baikal-GVD is a neutrino telescope situated in the deepest freshwater lake in the world — Lake Baikal. The design of the Baikal-GVD trigger system allows also to study the ambient light of the lake. The analysis of the optical light activity of Baikal water, particularly, time and spatial variations of the luminescence activity for data collected in years 2018, 2019, and 2020 is presented. For the first time we observed highly luminescent layer moving upwards with maximal speed of 28 m/day in January 2021.
Search for dark matter from the centre of the Earth with 8 years of IceCube data
Authors: Renzi G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Neutrinos have been proved to be unique messengers in the understanding of fundamental physics processes, and in astrophysical data sets they may provide hints of physics beyond the Standard Model. For example, neutrinos could be the key to discerning between various dark matter models that are based on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). WIMPs can scatter off standard matter nuclei in the vicinity of massive bodies such as the Sun or the Earth, lose velocity, and be gravitationally trapped in the center of the body. Self-annihilation of dark matter into Standard Model particles may produce an observable flux of neutrinos. For the case of the Earth, an excess of neutrinos coming from the center of the planet could indicate WIMP capture and annihilation at the Earth’s core. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located at the geographical South Pole, is sensitive to these excess neutrinos. A search has been conducted on 8 years of IceCube data, probing multiple dark matter channels and masses. With this analysis, we show that IceCube has world-leading sensitivity to the spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross section above a WIMP mass of 100 GeV.
Impact of Non-convective Zone and Lower Convective Zone Thickness on the Performance Characteristics of Salinity Gradient Solar Pond
Authors: Chakrabarty S G , Wankhede U S , Shelke R S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A solar pond technology employs a layer of salinity gradient to prevent heat loss due to convection from the lower convective zone. Thus, the energy received from solar radiation is stored in a lower convective zone. The thickness of various zones significantly affects the behaviour of solar pond temperature. In this present study, a transient numerical investigation is conducted to evaluate the impact of depths of different zones on the performance characteristics of solar pond. The variation in maximum temperature and maturation period under the influence of non-convective zone and lower convective zone thickness is discussed. The energy obtained from a solar pond significantly depends on various losses associated with the zones. Thus, an assessment of conduction and ground heat loss is presented for the variation in thickness of zones. An attempt is also made to study the effect of thickness of zones on the temperature of the lower convective zone. It is found that the configuration of a smaller thickness of LCZ and a higher thickness of NCZ yields maximum LCZ temperature.
Experimental Analysis using an Innovative Catalytic Converter coated with Nano-particles for Pollution Control from Automobiles
Authors: Thakur Mukesh , Senanayake Rohan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Air pollution control has become the area of interest due to the ever increasing air pollution problem from the automobiles. Several researchers have conducted several experiments to control the air pollution concentration from automobiles by using several techniques but this area has a wide scope for improvement. This research paper is based on an experiment conducted on a Four Stroke Spark Ignition engine test rig using an Innovative catalytic converter which was coated with nano-particles to estimate its effectiveness in air pollution control. The results of the experiment conducted clearly indicate that the Innovative design of catalytic converter is effective in air pollution control from automobiles.
Application of Jaw Type Flexible Clutches in Human Powered Machine: A Literature Review
Authors: Sawarkar Nitin , Zakiuddin K S , Umate Roshan , Chagde Rajkumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article presents the topical progresses in the arena of an approach to articulate an experimental databased model for jaw type flexible clutches. The developing countries are facing very acute problems of the energy crisis. It has become essential to use human energy for energizing the manufacturing process machine. This kind of machine necessitates a flexible clutch for torque transmission. Due to the intricate impact phenomenon, flexible clutches cannot be deliberate without experimental data. Therefore, the experimentation methodology and experimental setup to evaluate the performance of torque transmitted by the clutch have been augment. It is obliging for selection of the optimum clutch-type for various applications in low powered processing machines. This study of analysing suitable material can be useful for the comparative study of Jaw type flexible clutches and their transmission ability. Mathematical model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) development are essential, to evaluate the belongings of altered components and to make forecasts about behaviour.
Impact of domain disorder on optoelectronic properties of layered semimetal MoTe2
Authors: Singh Maanwinder P , Kiemle Jonas , Ozdemir Ilkay , Zimmermann Philipp , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Burghard Marko , Üzengi Aktürk Olcay , Kastl Christoph , Holleitner Alexander W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We address the impact of crystal phase disorder on the generation of helicity-dependent photocurrents in layered MoTe2, which is one of the van der Waals materials to realize the topological type-II Weyl semimetal phase. Using scanning photocurrent microscopy, we spatially probe the phase transition and its hysteresis between the centrosymmetric, monoclinic 1Tʹ phase to the symmetry-broken, orthorhombic T

d

phase as a function of temperature. We find a highly disordered photocurrent response in the intermediate temperature regime. Moreover, we demonstrate that helicity-dependent and ultrafast photocurrents in MoTe2 arise most likely from a local breaking of the electronic symmetries. Our results highlight the prospects of local domain morphologies and ultrafast relaxation dynamics on the optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional van der Waals circuits.
Valley and spin accumulation in ballistic and hydrodynamic channels
Authors: Glazov M M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A theory of the valley and spin Hall effects and resulting accumulation of the valley and spin polarization is developed for ultraclean channels made of two-dimensional semiconductors where the electron mean free path due to the residual disorder or phonons exceeds the channel width. Both ballistic and hydrodynamic regimes of the electron transport are studied. The polarization accumulation is determined by interplay of the anomalous velocity, side-jump and skew scattering effects. In the hydrodynamic regime, where the electron–electron scattering is dominant, the valley and spin current generation and dissipation by the electron–electron collisions are taken into account. The accumulated polarization magnitude and its spatial distribution depend strongly on the transport regime. The polarization is much larger in the hydrodynamic regime as compared to the ballistic one. Significant valley and spin polarization arises in the immediate vicinity of the channel edges due to the side-jump and skew scattering mechanisms.
Heat stress, labor productivity, and economic impacts: analysis of climate change impacts using two-way coupled modeling
Authors: Matsumoto Ken’ichi , Tachiiri Kaoru , Su Xuaming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Climate change affects various fundamental human activities, and understanding the consequences of its impacts is essential. Among them, heat stress considerably affects economic conditions. Furthermore, when analyzing the socioeconomic impacts of climate change, both socioeconomic and climate systems must be considered simultaneously, though such studies are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of changes in labor productivity due to heat stress (measured by wet bulb globe temperature) under various climate change scenarios through a new modeling framework that coupled a computable general equilibrium model and an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to realize the interactions between the two systems through the relationship between heat stress and labor productivity. Results indicated that labor productivity declined as climate change progressed (particularly in hot and humid regions), driving a gradual decline in total global gross domestic product (GDP). Although regional GDP largely decreased where labor productivity considerably declined, it slightly increased in some areas because of a comparative advantage brought about by the difference in the impact on labor productivity by region. Consequently, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and concentrations and the resulting temperature were slightly reduced when examining the impact of climate change on labor productivity. These tendencies were similar in both business-as-usual and climate change mitigation scenarios, but the overall impacts were smaller under the latter. There was a limited impact on CO2 emissions, CO2 concentrations, and temperature via integrated socioeconomic and climate systems. However, this study focused on only a single channel of the various interactions between the two systems. For a more complete evaluation of the impacts of climate change, further development of the integrated model is required.
An experimental analog circuit realization of Matsuda’s approximate fractional-order integral operators for industrial electronics
Authors: Koseoglu Murat , Deniz Furkan Nur , Alagoz Baris Baykant , Yuce Ali , Tan Nusret 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Analog circuit realization of fractional order (FO) elements is a significant step for the industrialization of FO control systems because of enabling a low-cost, electric circuit realization by means of standard industrial electronics components. This study demonstrates an effective operational amplifier-based analog circuit realization of approximate FO integral elements for industrial electronics. To this end, approximate transfer function models of FO integral elements, which are calculated by using Matsuda’s approximation method, are decomposed into the sum of low-pass filter forms according to the partial fraction expansion. Each partial fraction term is implemented by using low-pass filters and amplifier circuits, and these circuits are combined with a summing amplifier to compose the approximate FO integral circuits. Widely used low-cost industrial electronics components, which are LF347N opamps, resistor and capacitor components, are used to achieve a discrete, easy-to-build analog realization of the approximate FO integral elements. The performance of designed circuit is compared with performance of Krishna’s FO circuit design and performance improvements are shown. The study presents design, performance validation and experimental verification of this straightforward approximate FO integral realization method.
Two-phase stratified sampling and analysis for predicting binary outcomes
Authors: Cao Yaqi , Haneuse Sebastien , Zheng Yingye , Chen Jinbo 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe two-phase study design is a cost-efficient sampling strategy when certain data elements are expensive and, thus, can only be collected on a sub-sample of subjects. To date guidance on how best to allocate resources within the design has assumed that primary interest lies in estimating association parameters. When primary interest lies in the development and evaluation of a risk prediction tool, however, such guidance may, in fact, be detrimental. To resolve this, we propose a novel strategy for resource allocation based on oversampling cases and subjects who have more extreme risk estimates according to a preliminary model developed using fully observed predictors. Key to the proposed strategy is that it focuses on enhancing efficiency regarding estimation of measures of predictive accuracy, rather than on efficiency regarding association parameters which is the standard paradigm. Towards valid estimation and inference for accuracy measures using the resultant data, we extend an existing semiparametric maximum likelihood ethod for estimating odds ratio association parameters to accommodate the biased sampling scheme and data incompleteness. Motivated by our sampling design, we additionally propose a general post-stratification scheme for analyzing general two-phase data for estimating predictive accuracy measures. Through theoretical calculations and simulation studies, we show that the proposed sampling strategy and post-stratification scheme achieve the promised efficiency improvement. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to develop and evaluate a preliminary model for predicting the risk of hospital readmission after cardiac surgery using data from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council.