bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE NEW CORONAVIRUS AND THE CONSEQUENCES IN THE MENTAL HEALTH OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THEIR COURSE
Authors: Maciel Érika da Silva , Gotardelo Marcele , Rodrigues Allana Lima Moreira , Quaresma Fernando Rodrigues Peixoto , Barasuol Aldair Martins , Nascimento Ladislau Ribeiro do 
Published: November 2021

The disease pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus - SARS-Cov-2 is characterized as one of the biggest international public health problems in recent decades. This study aimed to perform a narrative review of the evidence described on the impact on mental health of health professionals who work in care practice related to Covid-19. The articles showed that the problems faced by health professionals during the pandemic can lead to exhaustion of the team, physical and mental exhaustion, contributing to the development of psychological problems.

KEYWORDS: Covid-19; Mental health; Health professionals.
Genome-wide Association Study and Possible Candidate Genes for Root Color and Carotenoid Contents in Japanese Orange Carrot F2 Populations
Authors: Shibaya Taeko , Kuroda Chika , Tsuruoka Hisano , Minami Chiharu , Obara Akiko , Nakayama Shinobu , Fujii Takayoshi , Isobe Sachiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Carrot is a major source of provitamin A in a human diet. Two of the most important traits for carrot breeding are carotenoid contents and root color. To examine genomic regions related to these traits and develop DNA markers for carrot breeding, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two F2 populations, both derived from crosses of orange root carrots bred by a Japanese seed company. The GWAS revealed 21 significant associations, and the physical position of some associations suggested two possible candidate genes. An Orange (Or) gene was a possible candidate for visual color evaluation and the α- and β-carotene contents. Sanger sequencing detected a new allele of Or with an SNP which caused a non-synonymous amino acid substitution. Genotypes of this SNP corresponded to the visual evaluation of root color in another breeding line. A chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (CYC-B) gene was a possible candidate for the β/α carotene ratio. On CYC-B, five amino acid substitutions were detected between parental plants of the F2 population. The detected associations and SNPs on the possible candidate genes will contribute to carrot breeding and the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in orange carrots.
A Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) Classification To Identify The Presence of Pores in Powder Bed Fusion Images
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Ayub , Crampton Andrew , Garrard Rebecca , Cai Biao , Attallah Moataz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the detection of seeded porosity during metal additive manufacturing by employing convolutional neural networks (CNN). The aim of the study is to demonstrate the application of Machine Learning (ML) in in-process monitoring. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a selective laser melting technique used to build complex 3D parts. The current monitoring system in LPBF is inadequate to produce safety-critical parts due to the lack of automated processing of collected data. To assess the efficacy of applying ML to defect detection in LPBF by in-process images, a range of synthetic defects have been designed into cylindrical artefacts to mimic porosity occurring in different locations, shapes, and sizes. Empirical analysis has revealed insights into the importance of accurate labelling strategies required for data-driven solutions. Two labelling strategies based on the computer aided design (CAD) file and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scan data was formulated. A novel CNN was trained from scratch and optimised by selecting the best values of an extensive range of hyper-parameters by employing Hyperband tuner. The accuracy of the model was 90% when trained using a CAD-assisted labelling, and 97% when using XCT-assisted labelling. The model successfully spotted pores as small as 0.2mm. Experiments revealed that balancing the data set improved the model's precision from 89% to 97% and recall from 85% to 97% when compared to training on an imbalanced data set. We strongly believed that the proposed model would significantly reduce post-processing cost and provide a better base model network for transfer learning of future ML models aimed at LPBF micro-defects detection.
High Siglec15 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Predicts Poor Prognosis
Authors: Zhou Peng , Yang Yun-Song , Liu Xi-Yu , Shao Zhi-Ming , Fan Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Normalization cancer immunotherapy is a new strategy to treat breast cancer. Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is a new potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the role of Siglec15 in breast cancer and investigated the influence of Siglec15 on the microenvironment of infiltrating immune cells in the cancer.Methods: We performed immunhistochemical staining to analyze Siglet-15 expression in primary invasive breast cancer tissue microarrays. The tissue specimens were from 90 patients. Furthermore, The relationship between Siglec15 and clinicopathological features was analyzed with logistic regression and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The association between clinical characteristics and overall survival in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) patients was assessed. Results: Immunhistochemical staining of tissue microarrays showed that Siglet-15 had higher expression in breast cancer tissues than those in adject normal tissues. Breast cancer tissues had higher Siglec15 expression than normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that triple negative breast cancer with high Siglec15 expression had poorer survival than those with lower Siglec15 expression (p=0.042). Furthermore, high Siglec15 expression group had low activated dendritic cells, follicular helper T cells, and M1 macrophages. Conclusions: Siglet-15 had high expression in breast cancer tissues. High Siglec15 expression is associated with low activated dendritic cells, follicular helper T cells, and M1 macrophages proportions in breast cancer tissue, and predicts poor prognosis in triple negative breast cancer. Siglec15 expression may be a potential prognostic molecular marker of poor survival in breast cancer.
Prostate Cancer Histopathology Using Label-free Multispectral Deep-UV Microscopy Quantifies Phenotypes of Tumor Aggressiveness and Enables Multiple Diagnostic Virtual Stains
Authors: Soltani Soheil , Ojaghi Ashkan , Qiao Hui , Kaza Nischita , Li Xinyang , Dai Qionghai , Osunkoya Adeboye O , Robles Francisco E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Identifying prostate cancer patients that are harboring aggressive forms of prostate cancer remains a significant clinical challenge. Here we develop an approach based on multispectral deep-ultraviolet (UV) microscopy that provides novel quantitative insight into the aggressiveness and grade of this disease, thus providing a new tool to help address this important challenge. We find that UV spectral signatures from endogenous molecules give rise to a phenotypical continuum that provides unique structural insight (i.e., molecular maps or “optical stains") of thin tissue sections with subcellular (nanoscale) resolution. We show that this phenotypical continuum can also be applied as a surrogate biomarker of prostate cancer malignancy, where patients with the most aggressive tumors show a ubiquitous glandular phenotypical shift. In addition to providing several novel “optical stains” with contrast for disease, we also adapt a two-part Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network to translate the label-free deep-UV images into virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images, thus providing multiple stains (including the gold-standard H&E) from the same unlabeled specimen. Agreement between the virtual H&E images and the H&E-stained tissue sections is evaluated by a panel of pathologists who find that the two modalities are in excellent agreement. This work has significant implications towards improving our ability to objectively quantify prostate cancer grade and aggressiveness, thus improving the management and clinical outcomes of prostate cancer patients. This same approach can also be applied broadly in other tumor types to achieve low-cost, stain-free, quantitative histopathological analysis.
Using Telomeric Length Measurements and Methylation to Understand The Karyotype Diversification of Ctenomys Minutus (A Small Fossorial Mammals)
Authors: Matzenbacher Cristina A. , Silva Juliana , Garcia Ana Leticia H. , Kretschmer Rafael , Cappetta Mónica , Oliveira Edivaldo H. Correa , Freitas Thales R. O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The genus Ctenomys has been widely used in karyotype evolution studies due to the variation in their diploid numbers (2n), which range from 2n = 10 to 2n = 70. Ctenomys minutus is characterized by intraspecific variation in diploid number (2n = 42, 46, 48, and 50), which makes it an interesting model to investigate the genomic instability mechanisms that have led to different cytotypes in this species. We aimed to contribute to the knowledge about telomeres’ role in chromosomal instability and global DNA methylation in the genome evolution of C. minutus. This study found that telomere length differs between cytotypes, but only for females (50a<46a,48a,42), although methylation was also higher, no significant difference was shown. It was also shown that young individuals, regardless of cytotype, had the longest telomere and the most methylated DNA, although only the last was statistically significant. Despite this, there is still much to be answered, although new cytotypes seem to have emerged within the distribution of parental cytotypes by the accumulation of different chromosomal rearrangements.
Association of D-Dimer Levels On Admission With Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Authors: Ma Jinling , Li Chengxin , Gao Meng , Wang Xiujie , He Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Elevated D-dimer is a reliable prognostic marker for both short-term and long-term survival in patients admitted for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We retrospectively reviewed the data of consecutive patients aged 80 years and older with a primary admission diagnosis of AECOPD between December 2008 and December 2014. A total of 2206 patients were included. The patients were followed up for 30 days. D-dimer levels were higher in non-survivors than in survivors (p < 0.001). Patients with need for MV had higher D-dimer levels than patients without need for MV (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant correlation between D-dimer level and C-reaction protein (CRP) was found (r = 0.2271, p < 0.001). D-dimer level above 1.66 mg/L as the optimal cutoff level predicted 30-day all-cause mortality with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.6% and 89.1%, respectively. Similarly, D-dimer above 1.33 mg/L predicted 30-day need for MV with a sensitivity and specificity of 89.4% and 82.9%, respectively. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier event-free survival curves demonstrated that higher D-dimer levels had worse event-free survival. D-dimer could be used as a valuable biomarker to predict both 30-day all-cause mortality and the need for MV in elderly patients admitted for AECOPD.
Default Mode and Fronto-Parietal Network Associations with IQ Development Across Childhood in Autism
Authors: Lee Joshua K , Cho An Chuen Billy , Andrews Derek S , Ozonoff Sally , Rogers Sally J , Amaral David G , Solomon Marjorie , Nordahl Christine Wu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Intellectual disability affects approximately one third of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (autism), yet a major unresolved question remains concerning the neurobiology that differentiates autistic individuals with and without intellectual disability. IQ is highly variable during childhood. We previously identified subgroups of autistic children with different trajectories of intellectual development from early childhood (2-3½ yeas) up to middle childhood (9-12 years): (a) Persistently-High: Individuals whose intelligence quotients (IQs) remained in the average or better range during this period, (b) Persistently-Low: Individuals whose IQs remained in the range of intellectual disability (IQ < 70) throughout development, and (c) Changers: Individuals whose IQs began in the range of intellectual disability but increased to the borderline or normal IQ range by middle childhood. In the present research, we sought to identify neurobiology that differentiates these trajectory-defined groups within our autism cohort in two brain networks with established links to intellectual functioning and its impairment in (1) the frontoparietal network (FPN), and (2) the default mode network (DMN). Methods: We conducted multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR) and effect size analyses to examine the volumes of 22 brain regions (11 regions x 2 hemispheres) within the FPN and 24 (12 regions x 2 hemispheres) within the DMN in 48 Persistently-High (18 female), 108 Persistently-Low (32 female), and 109 Changers (39 female) using structural MRI that had been acquired at baseline, and IQ measurements from up to three time points spanning early to middle childhood (Mean Age Time 1: 3.2 years; Time 2: 5.4 years; Time 3: 11.3 years). FPN and DMN network regions of interest were defined on the basis of the large-scale networks defined in Smith et al., (2009).Results: Changers exhibited different DMN network structure from both Persistently-Low and Persistently-High trajectory groups at baseline, but the Persistently-High did not differ from the Persistently-Low group, suggesting that DMN structure may be an early predictor for change in IQ trajectory across childhood. In contrast, Persistently-High exhibited differences in the FPN from both Persistently-Low and Changers groups at baseline, suggesting a difference related more to concurrent IQ and the absence of intellectual disability. Conclusions: Within autism, DMN structure at baseline may differentiate individuals with persistently low IQ from those with more transitory low IQ that improves to the borderline range or better through early childhood, potentially indicating compensatory mechanisms which may be targeted by future interventions. The brain structure differences between these three IQ-based subgroups may be indicative of distinct neural underpinnings of autism phenotypic subtypes.
Comparison of Objective and Subjective Visual Quality Following LASEK, FS-LASIK and SMILE for Different Myopic Corrections: A Prospective Study
Authors: Liang Gang , Zhou Miao , Pan Chen-Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the differences in visual quality after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in different degrees of myopia.Methods: This prospective study incorporated 200 consecutive myopic subjects (200 eyes). Myopia was subdivided into 3 levels based on the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) value: low myopia (SE ≥ -3.0 D), moderate myopia (−3.0 D > SE ≥ −6.0 D), and high myopia (SE < −6.0 D). Visual quality was recorded and analyzed both objectively using the Optical Quality Analysis System II (OQAS II), and subjectively with uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and a questionnaire, preoperatively, 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Six months after LASEK, FS-LASIK and SMILE in myopia, the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) UDVA statistically decreased compared with preoperative values (all P < 0.001). While preoperatively, in three surgical procedure groups, objective visual quality parameters demonstrated no significant difference among three degrees of myopia (all P > 0.05), at 6 months postoperatively, after FS-LASIK and SMILE, the modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff frequency in low myopia was significantly higher than that in high myopia (both P < 0.05). Moreover, intergroup differences in LASEK, FS-LASIK and SMILE groups were not statistically significant, before and 6 months after surgery (all P > 0.05), except that FS-LASIK provided a significantly higher preoperative LogMAR UDVA than SMILE in high myopia (P < 0.05).Conclusion: LASEK, FS-LASIK and SMILE could achieve similar improvement in visual quality to each other after myopia correction. Low myopic patients may achieve better postoperative visual quality after FS-LASIK and SMILE than high myopic patients.Trial registration: This is a prospective study. The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province.
Prognostic Impact of Surgical Margin in Hepatectomy On Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Chen Ping , Xu Jiaxuan , Hong Jiaze , Si Yuexiu , He Yujing , Gu Lihu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic impact of the surgical margin in hepatectomy on patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods

A comprehensive and systematic search for eligible articles published in English before July 2021 was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases. Notably, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were the primary endpoints.
Results

In total, 37 observational studies with 12,295 cases were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that a wide surgical margin (≥1 cm) was associated with better OS (hazard ration (HR), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-0.77) and DFS (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61-0.71) compared to a narrow surgical margin (<1 cm). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on median follow-up time, gender, country, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status, tumor number, and liver cirrhosis. The prognostic benefit of a wide surgical margin was consistent in most subgroups, however, analysis of studies from Western countries showed that margin width was not associated with prognosis.
Conclusion

In summary, a wide surgical margin prolongs the long-term prognosis of HCC patients compared to a narrow surgical margin.
Polyester 5-0 Suture for Porous Implant Placement After Retinoblastoma Enucleation: Analysis of 120 Sockets
Authors: Ye Huijing , Chen Rongxin , Xiao Wei , Lian Xiufen , Yang Huasheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Techniques used to suture the rectus muscle to the implant can influence the implant-related complications which is still a major problem following retinoblastoma enucleation. The goals of this work were to report the efficacy among patients with retinoblastoma who underwent enucleation followed by porous implant placement with the rectus muscles sutured with 5-0 polyester suture.Methods: This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with retinoblastoma who underwent primary enucleation and porous implant placement with the rectus muscles tagged and sutured to the implant with polyester 5-0 suture. All the patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. The main outcome measure was implant exposure. The secondary efficacy measures were other implant-related complications.Results: A total of 120 patients (120 eyes) underwent primary enucleation and porous implant placement were included. Postoperatively, 10/120 (8.3%) eyes developed exposure and conjunctival granuloma. Exposure was the most common postoperative complication (7/10, 70.0%). There were no cases of implant extrusion, migration, or infection.Conclusions:Polyester 5-0 sutures are successful in patients with retinoblastoma who underwent enucleation followed by porous implant placement. Complications are minimal. Polyester 5-0 sutures were not associated with unacceptable complications in this pediatric population.
Ureteral Dissection Is a Risky Factor for Ureteral Rupture, the First Case Report.
Authors: Xia Kun , Wang Rongpin , Shen Zhiyan , Xing Zhiyang , Xiang Jiangyue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Backgroundureteral dissection（UD）is a rare condition which occurs when injury through the intima and occasionally the media allows entry of urine and separation of the inner and outer ureteral layers. Ureteral rupture (UR) is an urgent disease when ureter wall injures through entire layers, generally caused by ureteral calculus, frequent application of ureteral endoscope, trauma, oppression of tumors, iatrogenic injury and with urine flowing into peripheral space easily causes peritonitis, so patients usually present features of peritonitis prior to signs of urinary tract. Ureteral dissection found in ureteral rupture is the first report. Case presentation21-year-old male and 43-year-old female complained of left and right lumbago respectively with no obvious predisposing cause. Bilateral ureter dilation and contrast agent extravasation observed in imageological examination was the same point between the two patients. Delayed computed tomography (CT) and retrograde pyelography both show double lumen sign and damaged intima. All imaging results throw light on the nature of this disease, like formation of aortic dissection (AD). Conclusion﻿The emphasis of this study lies in imaging manifestations of UD to enable radiologist to find it accurately and rapidly, and also demonstrates that delayed CT and retrograde pyelography can effectively diagnose ureteral dissection with very high accuracy.
Comparative Effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) vs 3D Printed Models of Congenital Heart Disease in Resident and Nurse Practitioner Educational Experience
Authors: Awori Jonathan , Friedman Seth D. , Howard Christopher , Kronmal Richard , Buddhe Sujatha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Medical trainees frequently note that cardiac anatomy is difficult to conceive within a two dimensional framework. The dynamics of flow and nuances of defects become more apparent when framed in three-dimensional models. Given the evidence of improved comprehension using such modeling, this study aimed to contribute further to that understanding by comparing Virtual Reality (VR) and 3D printed models (3DP) in medical education. Objectives: We sought to systematically compare the perceived subjective effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) and 3D printed models (3DP) in the educational experience of residents and nurse practitioners. Methods: Trainees and practitioners underwent individual 15-minute teaching sessions in which features of an anatomically normal heart as well as a congenitally diseased heart were demonstrated using both Virtual Reality (VR) and 3-D printed models (3DP). Participants then briefly explored each modality before filling out a short survey in which they identified which model (3DP or VR) they felt was more effective in enhancing their understanding of cardiac anatomy and associated defects. The survey included a binary summative assessment and a series of Likert scale questions addressing usefulness of each model type and degree of comfort with each modality. Results: 27 pediatric residents and 3 nurse practitioners explored models of normal heart and tetralogy of Fallot pathology. Participants endorsed a greater degree of understanding with VR models (8.5±1) compared with 3D Printed models (6.3±1.8) or traditional models of instruction (5.5±1.5) p<0.001. Most participants had minimal prior exposure to VR (1.1 ± 0.4) or 3-D printed models (2.1 ± 1.5). Most participants felt comfortable with modern technology (7.6 ± 2.1). 87% of participants preferred VR over 3DP. Conclusions: Our study shows that, overall, VR was preferred over 3DP models by pediatric residents and nurse practitioners for understanding cardiac anatomy and pathophysiology.