bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Consequences of Population Morbidity
Authors: Petrov Artem Viktorovich , Panova Mariia Vital’evna , Varshavskij Vladislav Rimovich , Kalyakina Inessa Makedonovna , Djais Arni Irawaty , Zatsarinnaya Elena Ivanovna 
Published: January 2021

In the modern world, the morbidity of the population plays an important role in the dynamics of economic processes. On the one hand, significant government expenditures on providing the necessary medical care and medicines to citizens directly or indirectly affect the dynamics of budget expenditures. On the other hand, state guarantees for financial support of citizens during their disability are also a costly budget item. Finally, global disasters such as pandemics certainly damage the economies of entire states in particular and the world as a whole. The purpose of the work is to consider the features of the economic consequences of population morbidity. According to the results of the study, it should be concluded that the morbidity of citizens of any country is always the reason for the state's expenses for their treatment and rehabilitation. At the same time, it is quite profitable for the state that citizens again acquire the necessary working capacity, since this directly affects the amount of taxes received by the state Treasury. At the same time, favorable working conditions significantly reduce the morbidity of the population and the occurrence of disability, which also, while reducing the cost of treatment and restoring the health of citizens, contributes to maintaining an appropriate level of taxation.
However, the morbidity of the population – the main productive force of any country-can be associated with the development of various kinds of epidemics and pandemics, when the spread of infection partially paralyzes the economy.
Outbreaks of infectious diseases can easily cross borders and threaten economic stability. The current outbreak of human coronavirus (COVID-19) is a reminder of this threat. The constant adaptation of microbes, as well as their ability to develop and become resistant to antibacterial and antiviral agents, ensures that infectious diseases will continue to be a constant and ever-changing economic threat. Consequently, the assessment of these threats is important to inform households, governments and businesses about potential economic shocks as a result of outbreaks of infectious diseases.
The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of economic consequences of population morbidity in the modern world.
The objectives of the study should include:
- identification of the impact of population morbidity on the economy of a country;
- analysis of the scale of economic consequences for countries as a result of the spread of infectious diseases;
- assessment of the possibility of reducing the negative impact of population morbidity on the economy of countries.
(Aza)Acenes Share the C2 Bridge with (Anti)Aromatic Macrocycles: Local vs. Global Delocalization Paths
Authors: Bartkowski Krzysztof , Pawlicki Miłosz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA strong conjugation present in fused systems plays a crucial role in tuning of the properties that would be showing a dependence on the efficiency of π‐electrons coupling. The π‐cloud available in the final structure can be drastically influenced by a side‐ or a linear fusion of unsaturated and conjugated hydrocarbons. The linear welding of naphthalene/anthracene or quinoxaline/benzo[g]quinoxaline with triphyrin(2.1.1) gives structures where the competition between local and global delocalization is distinguished. The aromatic character observed in skeletons strongly depends on the oxidation state of the macrocyclic flanking and is either extended over the whole system or kept as a composition of local currents (diatropic and paratropic) of incorporated units. The hybrid systems show the properties derived from the π‐conjugations that interlace one another but also show a significant independence of (aza)acene subunits reflected in the observed spectroscopic properties.
Toxic Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Estimation in the Sediment around Hopa Harbor, Turkey (SE)
Authors: Ozseker Koray 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to determine the spatial changes occurring because of natural and anthropogenic toxic metal pollution in accordance with different indexes using the geographic information system (GIS) method. In this context, the distribution of toxic metals, i.e., chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As), is investigated using sediment samples from the Hopa Harbor situated in the Southeastern Black Sea region. Sediment samples are collected from nine different stations in June 2017. Metal concentrations (in dry weight) vary from 23.2 to 94.7 for Cr, 62.1 to 301.7 for Cu, 89.3 to 287.9 for Zn, 67.6 to 137.1 for Pb, 20.1 to 99.1 for Ni, and 14.2 to 57.4 µg g−1 for As. The samples with highest concentrations are situated in the inner part of the harbor, where the water circulation system to remove the impurities is very poor. It is evident that Hopa Port activities negatively affect sediment quality, with metal concentration values increasing at stations close to the port. The data of this study reveal that Cu, Pb, and As are the main contributors to the ecological toxicity in and around Hopa Harbor. However, if the results are evaluated according to the longer time series, more precise data on the toxic effects of metals can be obtained.
Tuning the Halogen Bonding Strength of Cyclic Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Reinhard Dominik L. , Heinen Flemming , Stoesser Julian , Engelage Elric , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiaryliodonium(III) salts have recently received increasing interest as a new class of strong halogen bonding noncovalent organocatalysts. Even though this utilization of their Lewis acidity has only been investigated in few studies, their high potential in comparison to classical monovalent iodine based XB donors has become very apparent. So far, only acyclic and cyclic five‐membered core structures have been used, and titration studies have shown the latter to be superior in terms of binding constants towards Lewis bases. Herein, we now compare the Lewis acidity and activity of these five‐membered iodolium salts with those of six‐membered iodininium derivatives. X‐Ray structural analyses, ITC measurements and the reaction kinetics of a Ritter‐type solvolysis reaction in wet acetonitrile (a typical halogen bond donor benchmark reaction) all demonstrate that iodolium salts are stronger halogen bond donors and catalysts than iodininium salts. Subsequently, we were able to improve the activity of both core structures significantly by introducing electron‐withdrawing substituents.
Cytotoxic effects ofSatureja montanaL. essential oil on oocytes of engorgedRhipicephalus microplusfemale ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Reis Aline Chaves , Konig Isaac Filipe Moreira , Rezende Danúbia Aparecida de Carvalho Selvati , Gonçalves Raquel Romano Palmeira , Lunguinho Allan da Silva , Ribeiro Jenifer Caroline Silva , Cardoso Maria das Graças , Remedio Rafael Neodini 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn addition to pesticidal activity, the capacity of natural compounds to inhibit the reproduction of parasites emerge as an important alternative tick control method. In this context,Saturejaspp. stand out due to their recognized pesticidal properties. Among parasites of veterinary importance, the cattle tick,Rhipicephalus microplus, is responsible for great economic losses in livestock and transmission of relevant pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the essential oil ofSatureja montanaL. on the ovary morphology ofR. microplusengorged females through histological and histochemical techniques. The most remarkable morphological changes found were: cytoplasmic vacuolation of germ cells, irregular and thicker chorion, irregular oocyte shape, ring‐shaped nucleolus, decrease in protein and carbohydrate content in oocytes, in addition to cellular changes in the oviduct and pedicel. All morphological changes were assessed using a semiquantitative method already established in the literature. Ticks exposed to 5.0 μl/ml of essential oil showed the most significant changes when compared to control groups. Thus, the essential oil ofS. montanaL. damaged the reproductive system ofR. microplus, which may impair ticks' offspring production and promote a long‐term control of this species.HighlightsThe essential oil ofSatureja montanaL. affects the ovary morphology of the cattle tick.The main morphological alterations found were cytoplasmic vacuolation, irregular and thicker chorion and irregular oocyte shape.These alterations may impair the development of eggs.
Increased body mass index is a risk factor for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Kashanian Sarah M. , Li Andrew Y. , Mustafa Ali Moaath , Sutherland Mark E. , Duong Vu H. , Hambley Bryan C. , Zacholski Kyle , El Chaer Firas , Holtzman Noa G. , Imran Mohammad , Patzke Ciera L. , Cornu Jonathan , Duffy Alison , Dezern Amy E. , Gojo Ivana , Norsworthy Kelly J. , Levis Mark J. , Smith B. Douglas , Baer Maria R. , Ghiaur Gabriel , Emadi Ashkan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionObesity has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and is a risk factor for many malignancies. We studied the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), non‐APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and control hospitalized patients without leukemia in the same community.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective analysis of 71 196 patients: APL (n = 200), AML (n = 437), ALL (n = 103), nonleukemia hospitalized (n = 70 456) admitted to University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins Cancer Centers, and University of Maryland Medical Center.ResultsPatients with APL had a significantly higher unadjusted mean and median BMI (32.5 and 30.3 kg/m2) than those with AML (28.3 and 27.1 kg/m2), ALL (29.3 and 27.7 kg/m2), and others (29.3 and 27.7 kg/m2) (P < .001). Log‐transformed BMI multivariable models demonstrated that APL patients had a significantly higher adjusted mean BMI by 3.7 kg/m2 (P < .001) or approximately 10% (P < .01) compared to the other groups, when controlled for sex, race, and age.ConclusionsThis study confirms that when controlled for sex, age, and race there is an independent association of higher BMI among patients with APL compared to patients with ALL, AML, and hospitalized individuals without leukemia in the same community.
Podcast‐Based Learning in Otolaryngology: Availability, Breadth, and Comparison with Other Specialties
Authors: Malka Ronit , Villwock Jennifer , Faucett Erynne A. , Bowe Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Objectives/HypothesisStudies across multiple specialties of medical students, residents, and attending physicians demonstrate increased retention, breadth of knowledge, and literature awareness when podcasts are used as an adjunctive educational tool. This Contemporary Review aims to 1) quantify podcast availability and episode frequency for medical learners across a broad range of specialties, and 2) compare these metrics between otolaryngology‐specific podcasts with those of other specialties.Data SourcesTop five podcast platforms: Spotify (Stockholm, Sweden 2006), Apple Podcasts (Cupertino, CA 2012), Google Podcasts (Mountain View, CA 2018), Stitcher (San Francisco, CA 2008), and TuneIn (San Francisco, CA 2002).MethodsThe selected podcast platforms were queried with a comprehensive set of keywords and manually searched for medically‐relevant podcasts. Specialty, content, and number of episodes annually for the last 10 years were recorded for each podcast.ResultsOtolaryngology has a comparable number of podcasts and breakdown of podcast category compared to other specialties, but reduced total episodes and episode frequency compared to other specialties. This may limit otolaryngologists' ability to engage in this validated form of medical education.ConclusionsPodcast‐based education provides a valuable resource for medical professionals to reinforce learning, broaden general knowledge base, and stay updated on current literature, particularly in light of increased demand for mobile and on‐demand learning options. There is room for an increased number of podcasts and, particularly, increased episode frequency within the field of otolaryngology to extend these benefits to otolaryngologists and otolaryngologists in training. Laryngoscope, 131:E2131–E2138, 2021
Nocturnal hypertension associated with stroke and silent cerebral infarcts in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Strumph Kaitlin , Hafeman Michael , Ranabothu Saritha , Gomes William , Benitez Steven , Kaskel Frederick , Manwani Deepa , Mahgerefteh Joseph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundStrokes and silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) lead to significant morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Higher systolic blood pressures increase risk for stroke and SCIs; however, patients with SCD often have lower clinic blood pressures than the general population. Twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows for more robust examination of blood pressures. This study evaluated associations between abnormal ABPM measurements with stroke and SCIs.ProcedureA cross‐sectional study was performed. Children with SCD completed 24‐hour ABPMs. Children with a documented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain within a year of the ABPM were included in the analysis. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify associations between ABPM parameters with cerebrovascular outcomes.ResultsForty‐two children with a median age of 13 years (10, 17) were included in the analysis. Seven (17%) had history of stroke and seven (17%) had SCIs. Nocturnal hypertension, elucidated via 24‐hour ABPM, was noted in 25% of subjects. The presence of nocturnal hypertension was significantly higher in the SCI/stroke group (55% vs 12%, P = .01). Sensitivity analyses were performed during which stroke patients were removed from analysis. Nocturnal hypertension remained significantly associated with the presence of SCIs (P = .006).ConclusionsThis study reveals an association between nocturnal hypertension and a higher prevalence of SCI and stroke in children with SCD. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the contributory nature of blood pressure abnormalities to cerebrovascular events in children with SCD.
Gastroesophageal intussusception with complete herniation of the spleen in a 12 months old dog with idiopathic megaoesophagus
Authors: Rohwedder Thomas , Hellmuth Viktoria Carolin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 12 months old, castrated male, mix‐breed dog was presented due to acute onset of vomiting, retching, anorexia, and tachypnoea. Idiopathic megaoesophagus was diagnosed three months prior to presentation. Radiographic and CT examination revealed gastroesophageal intussusception with herniation of the complete spleen into the intussusception. After initial stabilization surgical treatment was performed. The stomach and spleen were manually reduced into the abdomen. Due to questionable viability of the gastric wall an inverting suture pattern was used to invaginate the compromised part. Left sided gastropexy was performed to reduce risk of recurrence. Additionally oesophagopexy was performed to reduce the risk of hiatal hernia due to intraoperative damage to the hiatus. The patient recovered uneventful and was discharged from hospital five days following surgery. Conservative treatment of concurrent megaoesophagus was continued. At last follow up, 10 months later, the dog was clinically fine, had gained weight, and showed no signs of regurgitation.
Star-triangle type relations from 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (0, 2) USp(2N) dualities
Authors: de-la-Cruz-Moreno J. , García-Compeán H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Inspired by the gauge/YBE correspondence this paper derives some star-triangle type relations from dualities in 2d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) USp(2N) supersymmetric quiver gauge theories. To be precise, we study two cases. The first case is the Intriligator-Pouliot duality in 2d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) USp(2N) theories. The description is performed explicitly for N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and also for N = 3k + 2, which generalizes the situation in N = 2, 5. For N = 1 a triangle identity is obtained. For N = 2, 5 it is found that the realization of duality implies slight variations of a star-triangle relation type (STR type). The values N = 3, 4 are associated to a similar version of the asymmetric STR. The second case is a new duality for 2d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) USp(2N) theories with matter in the antisymmetric tensor representation that arises from dimensional reduction of 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 USp(2N) Csáki-Skiba-Schmaltz duality. It is shown that this duality is associated to a triangle type identity for any value of N. In all cases Boltzmann weights as well as interaction and normalization factors are completely determined. Finally, our relations are compared with those previously reported in the literature.
Classical Soft Theorem in the AdS-Schwarzschild spacetime in small cosmological constant limit
Authors: Banerjee Nabamita , Bhattacharjee Arindam , Mitra Arpita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We have studied scattering of a probe particle by a four dimensional AdS-Schwarzschild black hole at large impact factor. Our analysis is consistent perturbatively to leading order in the AdS radius and black hole mass parameter. Next we define a proper “soft limit” of the radiation and extract out the “soft factor” from it. We find the correction to the well known flat space Classical Soft graviton theorem due to the presence of an AdS background.
Is prone free breathing better than supine deep inspiration breath-hold for left whole-breast radiotherapy? A dosimetric analysis
Authors: Wang Xinzhuo , Fargier-Bochaton Odile , Dipasquale Giovanna , Laouiti Mohamed , Kountouri Melpomeni , Gorobets Olena , Nguyen Nam P. , Miralbell Raymond , Vinh-Hung Vincent 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The advantage of prone setup compared with supine for left-breast radiotherapy is controversial. We evaluate the dosimetric gain of prone setup and aim to identify predictors of the gain.

Methods
Left-sided breast cancer patients who had dual computed tomography (CT) planning in prone free breathing (FB) and supine deep inspiration breath-hold (DiBH) were retrospectively identified. Radiation doses to heart, lungs, breasts, and tumor bed were evaluated using the recently developed mean absolute dose deviation (MADD). MADD measures how widely the dose delivered to a structure deviates from a reference dose specified for the structure. A penalty score was computed for every treatment plan as a weighted sum of the MADDs normalized to the breast prescribed dose. Changes in penalty scores when switching from supine to prone were assessed by paired t-tests and by the number of patients with a reduction of the penalty score (i.e., gain). Robust linear regression and fractional polynomials were used to correlate patients’ characteristics and their respective penalty scores.

Results
Among 116 patients identified with dual CT planning, the prone setup, compared with supine, was associated with a dosimetric gain in 72 (62.1%, 95% CI: 52.6–70.9%). The most significant predictors of a gain with the prone setup were the breast depth prone/supine ratio (>1.6), breast depth difference (>31 mm), prone breast depth (>77 mm), and breast volume (>282 mL).

Conclusion
Prone compared with supine DiBH was associated with a dosimetric gain in 62.1% of our left-sided breast cancer patients. High pendulousness and moderately large breast predicted for the gain.
Developing a novel manufacturing method to produce stiffened plate structures
Authors: Garrick Andrew J. H. , Toumpis Athanasios I. , Galloway Alexander M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIsogrid is a highly efficient stiffened plate structure which was developed in the aerospace industry for use in rocketry and space structures. Its current form is unviable outwith these applications, as the available production methods are expensive due to excessive machining time in addition to considerable material wastage. The method detailed in this body of work was developed to manufacture Isogrid in a more efficient manner, so that its weight-saving properties may become more widely accessible. This novel Isogrid manufacturing process uses a rolling mill with patterned rollers to imprint a 3D structure of ribs into the surface of a billet material. To validate this method, a patterned roller was designed, manufactured and fitted to a rolling mill to produce sheets of aluminium AA1050 Isogrid. This process successfully created Isogrid in a sustainable, rapid manner. The samples produced were tested in 3-point bending and compared against flat plate of the same material. They were found to be 100% stronger in bending compared to a neutral flat plate with a strength shape factor of 1.6 after discounting the effect of cold work.
Efficiency, equity, and social rationality under uncertainty
Authors: Miyagishima Kaname 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a simple model where agents’ monetary payoffs are uncertain, this paper examines the aggregation of subjective expected utility functions which are interpersonally noncomparable. A maximin social welfare criterion is derived from axioms of efficiency, ex post equity, and social rationality, combined with the independence of beliefs and risk preferences in riskless situations (Chambers and Echenique in Games Econ Behav 76:582–595, 2012). The criterion compares allocations by the values of the prospects composed of the statewise minimum payoffs evaluated by the certainty equivalents. Because of this construction, the criterion is egalitarian and risk averse.
On superconvergence of Runge–Kutta convolution quadrature for the wave equation
Authors: Melenk Jens Markus , Rieder Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe semidiscretization of a sound soft scattering problem modelled by the wave equation is analyzed. The spatial treatment is done by integral equation methods. Two temporal discretizations based on Runge–Kutta convolution quadrature are compared: one relies on the incoming wave as input data and the other one is based on its temporal derivative. The convergence rate of the latter is shown to be higher than previously established in the literature. Numerical results indicate sharpness of the analysis. The proof hinges on a novel estimate on the Dirichlet-to-Impedance map for certain Helmholtz problems. Namely, the frequency dependence can be lowered by one power of $$\left| s\right| $$

s

(up to a logarithmic term for polygonal domains) compared to the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map.