bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of waste silk fibre reinforced PLA bio composites manufactured through hand layup method
Authors: Mohanavel V. , Sathish T , Ravichandran M. , Arul K. , Subbiah Ram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, biodegradable and eco-friendly composites have gained popularity. Using the hot moulding technique, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with waste silk fibre were fabricated in this paper. They also underwent a variety of mechanical tests like tensile strength and modulus. While not surface-treated, the waste silk fibre reinforced PLA matrix bio composites mechanical properties. The fibre content of 30 wt per cent is optimal for achieving superior properties. Owing to the reinforcing effect of silk fibres, the quasi-static mechanical properties of waste silk fibre/PLA bio composites were enhanced.
IoT based crop monitoring scheme using smart device with machine learning methodology
Authors: Shylaja S L , Fairooz Shaik , Venkatesh J. , Sunitha D. , Prakash Rao R. , Ramkumar Prabhu M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is the most considerable medium for all smart applications, in which it provides a huge support to agricultural industry in fine manner. In literature, there are lots of smart devices are available for monitoring the crops and agricultural field, but all are strucked under certain limitations such as power problem, cost expensiveness and so on. This paper is intended to design a new machine learning enabled Smart Internet of Things medium to support agricultural field in proper way. In this paper, a Intelligent Crop Monitoring Device (ICMD) is introduced to monitor the crops over the agricultural field in 24x7 manner. This kind of monitoring devices enhances the production and quality-of-service of the agriculture as well as related products. This paper associates an innovative technology to the Smart Device called Machine Learning, but instead of using the classical learning schemes, this approach introduced a new scheme called Modified Learning based Field Analysis Strategy (MLFAS). This approach is inspired from the classical machine learning scheme called Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), in which the proposed Smart Device called ICMD accumulates the real-time agricultural field details and pass it to the monitoring unit for manipulation. The manipulation end maintains the data into the server unit, in which the machine learning model called MLFAS acquires the received field data and process it based on the training samples. The training samples are nothing but data collected from the agriculture field, the collection of received data are maintained into the server end for processing, the proposed MLFAS model manipulates the data and created as a model for further testing. The newly arrived data from the field is considered as a testing data and cross-validate that data into the trained model. The data acquired from the agriculture fields are temperature, humidity and soil moisture level, in which these records are passed to the server unit by using IoT module associated with the ICMD. The data available into the server can easily be monitored by the farmer from anywhere at any time. The learning model predicts the status of the crop in the field by means of analyzing the input acquired from the real-time testing input and report that to the respective farmer for taking an appropriate action. For all this system is useful to the agricultural field and provides good support to farmers to monitor the crops over the agricultural field from the remote place even. By using this proposed scheme, the farmers can make accurate and efficient crop management decisions with the use of results obtained by using the Smart Device called ICMD.
Fabrication of brake overrides system with sleep detector
Authors: Arumugam P. , Vinoth Kumar S. , Allen A.C. , Harish D.S. , Ranganathan K. , Pugazhendhi L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When compared with the olden day’s life span of a human is decreased. The death rate due to accidents is extremely increased because of the rise in the number of vehicles. This automatic braking system will positively lessen the number of accidents due to brake failures. An Ultrasonic sensor is positioned in front of the vehicle and that system consists of an emitter and a receiver. The signal to the ultrasonic sensor module is based upon the distance of the object it actuates the motor shut down or brakes. Concerning the distance of the object from the vehicle the brakes are applied at long-distance input and the motor is shut down at shorter range input. Brakes are actuated by using the 12 V wiper motor. The movement of the vehicle is powered by a 24V DC type box motor which is directly connected to the wheels by a chain-driven mechanism. In addition to the smart stop technology, an IR sensor also detects the movement of the eye and switches off the motor if no movement is found for 3 seconds or more. Even in the case of Autonomous vehicles, this will prevent accidents at the time of unintentional inputs.
Feasibility study of fast ion loss diagnostics for CFQS by beam ion loss calculation on vacuum vessel
Authors: Ogawa K. , Isobe M. , Seki R. , Nuga H. , Yamaguchi H. , Sangaroon S. , Shimizu A. , Okamura S. , Takahashi H. , Oishi T. , Kinoshita S. , Murase T. , Nakagawa S. , Tanoue H. , Osakabe M. , Liu H.F. , Xu Y. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A feasibility study for installing fast-ion loss diagnostics
(FILDs) is initiated to understand energetic ion loss process in a
quasi-axisymmetric stellarator CFQS. The calculations of beam ion
orbit, the guiding center orbit code including the slowing down by
bulk plasma in the Boozer coordinates and the collisionless Lorentz
orbit code in the Cartesian coordinates, are performed to estimate
the toroidal/poloidal distribution of beam ion losses on a vacuum
vessel. We observed that loss points on the vacuum vessel are mainly
located at the upper side of torus according to gradient magnetic
field drift direction. Based on the loss distribution on the vacuum
vessel, a possible location of FILD for CFQS is
investigated. Although the energy of lost beam ions is
∼10 keV, relatively high-energy (> 20 keV) components can
be measured on the upper side of the torus in the low-density
case. Furthermore, the radial or vertical dependence of beam ion
loss flux at candidate movable scintillator-type FILD positions is
obtained. A considerable number of particles reach the
scintillator-type FILD position. The energy and pitch angle
distribution of beam ions reaching the FILD position shows that
scintillator-type FILDs can measure co-going transit beam ions with
energy of ∼25 keV and pitch angle of ∼140 degrees and
transition beam ions with energy of 10–15 keV and pitch angle of
∼80–100 degrees.
Thermodynamic research on the effect of H2O on transformation of organic sulphur during coal pyrolysis under CO2 atmosphere
Authors: Gu Ying , Chen Yufan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of H2O on transformation of organic sulphur in coal during CO2 atmospheres by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation by HSC Chemistry. The effect of water vapour on the release of sulphur containing compounds was studied. Detailed S distribution between 200-1400°C was explored. The results show that CO2 not only promotes the formation of inorganic compounds, but also moves the peak of released less complicated organic compounds such as Thiophene, Methylthiophene, Dimethylthiophene, etc. to a much lower temperature. The ranking of the sulphur release in CO2 atmosphere by HSC is: SO2 > Methyl thiophene > Dimethyl thiophene > Ethyl thiophene > dimethyl sulfone. Temperature affects the transformation of sulphur greatly during pyrolysis in CO2 atmosphere. Below 700 °C, COS and H2S are two major sulphur containing compounds formed during pyrolysis in CO2. Above 700 °C, SO2 plays the main role. H2O at different temperature range during heating also reacts with organic sulphur compounds, leading to a further decomposition. Since more organic S stays in inert gas, water promotes the decomposition of organic S compounds more intense than that in CO2 atmosphere. Besides, the effect of water vapour on S distribution depends on the amount of H2O in the reaction.
The Effectiveness of the Rainwater Garden under Different Rainfall and Different Soil Conditions in Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Authors: Zhang H Q , Shi M Q , Qiu S P , Wang Z M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
At present, there are still problems in applicability and lack of basic research in the construction of sponge cities in Zhejiang Province. In this paper, a generalized model of the rainwater garden box is established. The planting soil, park soil and soil mixed with fine sand and coarse sand in Hangzhou area are selected as the rainwater garden medium layer. The artificial rainfall test method is used to simulate seepage and storage efficiency of rain garden under the once every two years rainfall and once every five years rainfall of Hangzhou city. The test results show that under the same soil conditions, the maximum infiltration flow rate under the once every two years rainfall is 0.2 cm3/s more than that under the once every five years, and the maximum infiltration rate of planting soil has exceeded the maximum infiltration rate under the once every five years. Under the once every two years rainfall, the maximum infiltration flow of the planting soil, planting soil and fine sand are each composed of half, and planting soil and coarse sand are each composed of half are 2.1, 4.8 and 5.6 cm3/s, respectively; the maximum infiltration flow of the the park soil, park soil and fine sand are each composed of half, and the park soil and coarse sand are each composed of half, are 0.7, 7.7and 9.2 cm3/s, respectively. At the same time, after adding fine sand, the infiltration amount increases by about 1/4 compared to before mixing; after adding coarse sand, the infiltration amount increases by about 1/3 compared to before mixing. It can be seen that the infiltration capacity of the park soil is much better than that of the planting soil after the sand-grain mixing ratio. The results of this research can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the construction of Hangzhou sponge city.
Drainage system construction influence on the groundwater level of reclaimed soils
Authors: Balun O V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The influence of the drainage system construction on the formation of the regime of groundwater levels has been studied. The results of statistical processing of the data from parallel observations of meteorological parameters and groundwater levels over a 32-year period have demonstrated that groundwater levels are most closely correlated with the hydrothermic coefficient (HTC) of the previous period. With an increase in the degree of moisture, the groundwater level rises most rapidly in the first decade of May and is less subject to variations in the third decade of May. The highest groundwater level in the 1st decade of May with the long-time annual average HTC equal to 2 was observed in the shallow drainage option–35 cm, the lowest–in the two-tiered drainage option–70 cm. In an excessively humid year (HTC = 3.5), groundwater in the options of shallow drainage and collectors with filling the drainage trench with sand-gravel mixture (SGM) rise into the plough layer; and, when the HTC exceeds 4.5, in the options of shallow drainage and collectors with SGM, they reach the soil surface. In a wet year, the rate of groundwater decline is from 1.25 cm/day–in the option of two-tiered drainage to 2.00 cm/day–in the option of collectors with wood chip. In modern conditions of climate change, the most advanced drainage systems are the structures of two-tiered drainage and collectors with wood chip, which ensure timely drainage of groundwater. In a high-water year, the use of wood chip instead of a sand-gravel mixture in the collector structure will increase the rate of lowering of the groundwater level by 5%.
Forecrop Influence on Humus Formation under Novgorod Region Conditions
Authors: Bevz S Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the article, the data on the study of the forecrop influence on the spring wheat yield and humus formation in grain-fallow and grain-row crop rotations under the conditions of the D. P. Pavlyuk peasant farm household (PFH) of the Novgorod region is provided. It has been found that the yield of spring wheat and the accumulation of plant residues and humus in the soil in the crop rotation system is greatly influenced by the forecrop. Thus, as a result of the studies carried out to explore the influence of the forecrop on the yield and humus formation, it has been found that the forecrop has a great influence on the yield of grain and the accumulation of plant residues and humus in the soil in the crop rotation system. In grain-row crop rotation, spring wheat, sown after potato, demonstrated the highest grain yield (about 5.5 tonnes per hectare) and provided the output of root and crop residues of more than 6 tonnes per hectare. This led to the maximum formation of humus in the soil (about a tonne per hectare). In the grain-fallow crop rotation, the cultivation of wheat after pure fallow provided a grain yield per unit area of about 4.5 tonnes per hectare. Furthermore, 0.74 tonnes of humus were produced in the crop rotation system for the formation of the yield of the following crops. Repeated sowing of wheat provided a low grain yield of the spring grain crop. Permanent sowing of wheat formed the least amount of plant residues and humus. The humus formation was only 0.54–0.59 tonnes per hectare. This confirms the unreasonableness of using permanent sowing of wheat.
Meat Productivity and Exterior Features of Russian Meat Merino Sheep of Linear Origin
Authors: Chernobai E N , Onischenko O N , Konoplev V I , Semkiv L P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article studied the meat productivity and exterior features of rams of the Russian meat merino breed. It was found that animals of group II (line SM-11) had superiority over their peers in group I (nonlinear) in terms of basic measurements. The experimental linear rams of group II exceeded their peers in group I: in height at the sacrum and withers by 0.8 and 1.6%, depth of the chest–7.5%, oblique body length–2.3%, chest girth–by 3.4 and cannon girth–by 3.0. This indicates the best development of linear animals. In terms of slaughter qualities, the superiority was also on the side of the animals of the II group. So, group II rams had the best result above the animals of group I respectively, by carcass weight - by 13.1% (P <0.05), by carcass weight–by 12.5% (P <0.05), by chilled carcass weight–by 12.4% (P <0.05), by carcass slaughter yield–by 1.7 abs. %. The sectional cut of the carcasses was carried out in accordance with GOST 7596-81. Deboning of meat from bones showed that the rams of the II group in terms of boneless meat yield (73.9%) exceeded their peers of the I group by 1.7 abs. %. The coefficient of meat content, namely the ratio of boneless meat to bones, was the highest in group II, 2.83, which is 0.23 units higher than in group I.
Experimental Study of a Pneumatic Separator
Authors: Chernyakov A V , Koval V S , Begunov M A , Algazin D N , Petrov N V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article provides information on the relevance of grain cleaning in modern agricultural production. A model of a new pneumatic centrifugal grain separator is proposed. Experiments have been carried out to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the separator’s operation. The dependences of the completeness of separation and grain losses on the supply and the resulting air velocity have been obtained. The analysis of the obtained dependencies is carried out and recommendations are given on the use of the separator and its rational modes for preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning of grain.
Management for Sustainable Hunting and Fishing Industry Development of the Novgorod Region
Authors: Davidova S G , Stepanova A A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The hunting and fishing industry of the Novgorod region has good opportunities for development in terms of the geographical location and natural resource base of the area. At the same time, nowadays due to certain circumstances, it does not function well enough. The article considers the main problems and risks of the industry development, provides recommendations for creating an optimal model of its sustainable development.
Climate Change and Dynamics of the Forest Area at the Forest Experimental Station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy since 1862
Authors: Dubenok N N , Lebedev A V , Gemonov A V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, since 1862, experiments have been carried out to study the methods of planting, the geographical origin of seeds, methods of thinning for forest growth. Over 150 years, significant changes have occurred in the climatic conditions of the Forest Experimental Station. There have been changes in the species composition of the forested area of the Forest Experimental Station. At the time of the first forest inventory in 1862, there were 5.7 units for pine, 1.6 units for birch and 1.4 units for oak. In the subsequent dynamics of the species composition of forest stands, there is a decrease in the share of pine to 3.9 units and an increase in the share of birch (1.6 units), oak (2.3 units) and larch (1.8 units) by 2009.
Live weight and Coat Length of Tuvan Coarse-Haired Goats
Authors: Irgit R S , Hodusov A A , Ponomareva M Y , Ondar S N , Sambu-Khoo C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The research purpose was to determine the morphometric parameters of the coat in animals of productive age. The objects of the study were Tuvan coarse-haired goats at the age of 3 years (n = 20) from the agricultural enterprise “Uurgai” located in the southeastern part of the Republic of Tyva (Russia) bordering Mongolia in the south. Wool samples were taken from the animals from the side behind the shoulder blade for examination using an optical fiber diameter analyzer OFDA 2000. It was found that the length of the down averaged 6.35 ± 0.45 cm (Cv = 31.6). The down in the studied goats is shorter than the covering hair and in 35% of the animals studied it exceeds the length of 7 cm. As a result of wool studies using the optical fiber diameter analyzer OFDA 2000, it was found that the proportion of down hair (less than 30 μm) averages 80.21 ± 1.57% (Cv = 8.8), with a fairly significant difference between the extreme values from 67.52 to 90.84%. The amount of transitional hairs has critical differences from 2.28 to 19.42% at Cv = 64.6, while in animals with a low content of transitional hair in the staple (2.28–4.14%), the peak of the diagram has a value within 15–17 μm with a correlation coefficient of 0.69. The data obtained allows for the following conclusion: in order to obtain high-quality down with the smallest fiber diameter when breeding native Tuvan coarse-wooled goat, special attention should be paid to the presence of a transitional hair type (30.1–52.5 μm) in addition to the length of the down and its diameter.
Recommendations for Rabbit Farms of the Novgorod Region to Prevent Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Kartashov S V , Pavlov S B 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecommendations on the observance of veterinary requirements in the field of preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases are proposed to animal farms in the Novgorod region. An integrated approach with the use of veterinary measures recommended in practice, additional technical means and production rhythms that reduce labor costs and increase the efficiency of reproduction and safety of livestock is proposed.
Theoretical Substantiation of the Practical Need for the Sanitation of Spore Forms of Microorganisms in Raw Milk before Its Processing
Authors: Kayshev V G , Emelyanov S A , Voblikova T V , Hramtsov A G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the production of sterilized dairy products, a relevant problem is the control of vegetative and spore forms of thermophilic bacteria, whose active growth by the end of the technological process in milk can reach a high number and form a biofilm on the equipment parts which have elevated temperatures. The results of the experiments showed the possibility of cleaning raw milk from spore forms of bacteria by provoking their germination by preliminary low-temperature heat treatment with their further destruction by pasteurization. Spores of Bacillus cereus, after primary heat treatment (65 or 72 °C), do not germinate both at low storage temperatures (at + 5 °C) and when stored in uncooled milk (51–65 °C), at least for six hours. To provoke the germination of spores of Bacillus cereus, it is necessary to lower the temperature to +37 °C and hold for 5-6 hours; at the end of the sixth hour, the proportion of spores germinated into the vegetative state is about 35%. Primary heat treatment of milk reduces the germination time of spores of Bacillus cereus by half: from 10-12 hours to six. With the help of further pasteurization at 75 °C, it is possible to reduce the concentration of spore forms of microorganisms in milk to 3.102 CFU/cm3. The technology of double heat treatment of milk with its intermediate exposure for an hour and a half prevents the accumulation of metabolic products of a large group of bacteria: spore and vegetative, psychrophilic and thermophilic ones.
Meso-Cluster Typology of Production Complex of Rural Municipalities of the Krasnodar Region
Authors: Kolomyts O N , Ivanova I G , Gladilin A V , Nesterchuk A V 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article reveals advantages of the cluster approach at the regional level; the analysis of features of the functioning of the fruit and berry subcomplex of the region, represented by 37 rural districts, was performed; prospects for further expansion of this sector of agricultural production by clustering them were identified. The clustering method made it possible to determine identification signs of the development of micro-clusters and to extract potential territories that acted as integrators of growth within the fruit cluster. Based on the analysis carried out, a meso-cluster typology of fruit-producing areas of the Krasnodar Region was carried out, taking into account dominant factors in the concentration of fruit production and the analysis of directions for final product sale.
Innovative Investment Technologies in Agro-Industrial, Forestry and Chemical Complexes as Stimulation of Rational Environmental Management
Authors: Kremleva O K , Rodionova T N , Smirnov V I , Boryaev S A , Gorodov O A , Didkovskaya E N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of the legal mode of responsible investment as an important means of implementing measures to control environmental pollution, particularly in the agro-industrial and closely related complexes. The article analyzes the development of green finance system in Russia; it describes the main current regulations in the field of responsible investment. It is proved that proper legal support for investment, taking into account ESG factors, could solve the problems described in the article and ensure the introduction of economical, ergonomic and environmentally friendly technologies in the long term. Proposals were formulated to provide investors, including unqualified ones, with the opportunity to invest in green bonds, as well as to establish a mandatory minimum share of green bonds in the portfolio of institutional investors.