bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-NATAL PAKISTANI WOMEN WITH CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONITITIS
Authors: Shah Hina , Nisar Nighat , Butt Sofia , Hassan Arshad 
Published: September 2021

Background: Premature parturition difficulties are the key reason of death for children less than 5 years, resulting more than 1 million mortality in 2015 alone. Many disabilities among children are associated with preterm. Chronic Apical Periodontitis has been reported to be a prevalent disease especially in adults. CAP is usually a condition in which apical portion of the root of tooth is chronically inflamed.

Objective: The purpose this research was to identify the characteristics of chronic apical periodontitis among post-natal Pakistani women.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at among 150 post-natal women suffered from CAP at Gynaecology ward, Unit III, Civil Hospital Karachi. Data were collected from women who delivered babies on that day at the Gynae ward CHK and satisfied the criteria to be included in the study. Principal Investigator assessed radiographs for the presences of CAP. SPSS version 21.0 was used to enter and analysed the study data.

Results: Mean age of participants was 26.61 ± 4.83. Among all participants 63 (42%) were unable to read or write. There were 100 (66.7%) participants who had monthly income < 10,000. Majority of the participants had ? 6 members in family. Majority 104 (69.3%) were multigravida while 46 (30. %) were primigravida. Mean gestational period in weeks was 36.16 ± 2.31. Majority of the participants 115 (76.7%) had CAP in single tooth, 32 (21.3%) had in 2 teeth and 3 (2%) had CAP in 3 teeth. PAI score was significantly associated with birth type (normal term and preterm). Baby weight was significantly differed between PAI scores.
Conclusion: Results of this study indicate most of the study women were illiterate and belong to low income family. There was higher percentage of multigravida and most of the deliveries were normal vaginal. CAP in single tooth was found among majority of the study women.
COMPARISON OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND ONDANSETRON FOR PREVENTION OF SHIVERING IN LOWER LIMB SURGERIES AFTER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Dodhy Afia Arshed 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and ondansetron to prevent shivering in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries after spinal anaesthesia .
Methods: This randomised double-blind and placebo-control study trial was held in orthopaedic operation theatre of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from February 2020 to June 2020. Total of 120 adult patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgery of lower limbs after spinal anaesthesia were divided into 3 batches. In Batch S, saline was given as placebo, in Batch O ondansetron and in Batch D dexmedetomidine was administered and shivering score were assessed for 45 min. A shivering score of ? 3 was considered as primary outcome.
Results: There is statistically considerable difference, in the incidence of significant shivering (grade 3 & 4), among batches, as established by one way ANOVA. The significance value is 0.004 (i.e. p=0.004). There was no significant difference statistically between batch D and batch O (p=0.878)
Conclusion: The incidence of shivering in batch S was considerably higher than that of both Batch O and batch D while no significant relationship could be proved in between batch D and batch O
Key words: Dexmedetomedine, Ondansetron, Shivering, Spinal Anaesthesia
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONVENTIONAL ANTIBIOTICS IN SALMONELLA TYPHI POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES
Authors: Khan Aftab Ahmad , Uppal Rizwan , Rehan Gul E , Khurshid Farhat , Ahmed Khurshid , Zaib Hina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Objective:
1.To determine the pattern of resistance of salmonella Typhi strains to multiple antibiotics in Islamabad and adjoining areas.
2.Suggestions regarding the regular upgradation of antibiogram according to the most susceptible strains.
Method:
Cross sectional study conducted for duration of one year ,recruited those patients whose blood cultures were found positive for Salmonella Typhi at Islamabad Diagnostic Center. We analyzed 100 samples and Positive culture were then assessed for sensitivity by using various antibiotics and pattern of resistance was analyzed.

Results:
Majority of positive patients were male and children. Sensitivity to the conventional antibiotics was found to be more in children. In all the positive isolates, 89% were sensitive to the first line treatment options.Among them, 96.6%were showing sensitivity to third generation cephalosporin. However, a few cases were having extensively drug resistant patterns (XDR).
Conclusion:
Despite the fact that extensively drug resistantstrains are emerging and indicating an alarming situation,its found out that more than 80% of patients are responding to the conventional therapy,making it a dire need for upgradation of antibiograms, so that the side effects of second line and advanced antibiotic can be avoided, mostly in paediatric population.
Unlikely Temple: Building a Theater at Tao House
Authors: Hayes Eric Fraisher 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
During the height of his popularity in the 1920s, Eugene O'Neill imagined “a theatre returned to its highest and sole significant function as a Temple where the religion of poetic interpretation and symbolic celebration of life is communicated to human beings.” As the artistic director of the Eugene O'Neill Foundation, I have labored for the better part of a decade to establish O'Neill's “temple” with productions at the playwright's former home, Tao House, in Danville, California. Directing Chris Christophersen, The Iceman Cometh, Desire Under the Elms, The Emperor Jones, A Touch of the Poet, Hughie, and Long Day's Journey Into Night in Tao House's Old Barn has been a unique artistic and spiritual experience. My goal has been to build reverence for the sacred experience of seeing O'Neill's plays a stone's throw from where he created some of his best work.
HINSIDES FORESTILLINGEN OM DET FORUDSIGELIGE: Om at være drikkende ikke-alkoholiker blandt ikke-drikkende alkoholikere
Authors: Steffen Vibeke 
Published: September 2021

Vibeke Steffen: Beyond the Notion of Predictability
- on Being a Drinking Non-
Alcoholic among Non-Drinking Alcoholics
This article argues that anthropological fieldwork
is betler understood as a research strategy
than as a standard set of methods. Based
on the author’s experience as a participantobserver
in a treatment program for alcoholism
in Denmark, the article describes how
the interaction with informants and the character
of the study to a great extent determined
the actual research process. The meaning
of participation became especially central as
informants insisted on the researcher’s active
participation in therapy. This leads to a discussion
of the meaning of participation as a
way of sharing experience and the importance
of unplanned communication as a way of
obtaining information. The kind of relationships
that informants are prepared to share
with us as researchers, and the kind of relationships
that we as researchers are prepared to
enter into with our informants, are seen as an
ongoing process of negotiation creating the
basic conditions for knowledge. Thus, the
author concludes that it makes no sense to try
to describe anthropological methods as
techniques of data collection separate from
the concrete research process.
FRA JOURNALIST TIL „BIG MAMMA“: Om sociale rollers betydning for antropologers datagenerering
Authors: Hasse Cathrine 
Published: September 2021

Cathrine Hasse: From Journalist to „big
mamma“. On the Meaning of Social
Roles in Anthropological Data Generation
The article takes up the question of the different
social roles the anthropologist utilizes in
the field, the interchange between the field
and the anthropologist’s personal social
equipment, and how this can be used to get
data from selected groups of informants. As
an example of this approach the author describes
how she herself went from being „
journalist", which frightened her informants,
to the much more socially accepted role as
„ig mamma“, which opened for a more
emotional relationship between herself and
the people in the small Sardinian village,
Mamoiada, where the fieldwork took place.
INDFØDTE FOLK MED HJEMMESTYRE
Authors: Petersen Tove Søvndahl 
Published: September 2021

Vi har i Grønland haft hjemmestyre siden 1979. Indførelsen af hjemmestyret betød, at vi
grønlændere som indfødt folk fik en større politisk indflydelse over en dagligdag, som
igennem mere end 200 år blev kontrolleret mere eller mindre nidkært fra koloniadministrationen
i København. I det internationale samarbejde om oprindelige folks rettigheder
mærker vi en stor interessse for vort hjemmestyre, som overfladisk betragtet må ligne
noget nær en realisering af retten til politisk selvbestemmelse og dermed også en styrkelse
af den kulturelle identitet.
Men spørgsmålet er, om hjemmestyret virkelig har betydet en styrkelse af vor kulturelle
identitet som indfødte folk eller som grønlændere?
FELLESSKAPETS SAMMENBRUDD OG KOLLEKTIV SMERTE
Authors: Henriksen Georg 
Published: September 2021

Georg Henriksen: The collapse of the
community and collective pain
This article deals with the the collapse of a
community and the pain felt by the individuals
living in it. It understands pain as an experience
which is at the same time collective
and individual, shared and existential. Since
1996 Georg Henriksen has foliowed the
Mushuau Innu, an Indian community in the
northem part of Canada. With informant’s
experience from this community as reference
Henriksen points out how the levels of individual,
community, and over all social, eco-
nomical, and political processes are interwowen.
By being integrated in white society
the Innu have lost their own social and moral
order and at the same time they have stayed
marginalized in relation to the surrounding
society. The result of this intemal collapse
and extemal marginalization is anomie -
suicides, drinking, violence and the feeling
of loneliness. Henriksen points out the responsibility
of the govemment to establish a
political and social field for the Innu to exist
in and the necessity of understanding and
bringing an end to the structural violence inflicted
on the Innu.
DUAL ORGANISERING, HIERARKI OG FIREDELINGSLOGIK I ANDES: En komparativ tilgang
Authors: Hornborg Alf 
Published: September 2021

Alf Hornborg: Dual Organization,
Hierarchy and the Logic of Quadripartition
in Andean Societies. A Comparative
Approach
A comparative perspective can help to
illuminate the quadripartite, ethnic hierarchies
of Andean communities by placing
them in a wider, South American context.
The ethnography of Southern India also
provides us with valuable clues for
understanding the structure of traditional,
Andean hierarchies. The endogamous
moiety systems of the Andes can be understood
as transformations of exogamous
moiety divisions such as those of central
Brazil. In both areas, hierarchies of ranked,
endogamous strata have been intersected by
exogamous dual divisions. The horizontal,
ceremonially and spatially more conspicuous
moiety divisions would have had the
effect of mystifying and neutralizing the
vertical dimensions of political and economic
stratification, augmenting moiety
allegiance to minimize tensions between
strata. The recurrent, quadripartite organization
of Andean communities appears to
harbour a potential for either the symmetric
or restricted exchange of exogamous
moieties or the asymmetric exchange of
more inclusive and hierarchical social
systems. Apparently, the dualistic social
categories of Andean communities are
classificatory grids which can subsume new
ethnic elements as they enter the scene. In
maintaining an illusion of reciprocity, dual
organization may well have facilitated the
growth of hierarchical social systems. The
obsession with dual organization in the
Andes and the central Brazil suggests an
attempt to reproduce the basic, structural
principles of two-line terminologies (viz.
dual opposition, relative age, and gender)
through other means than the simple,
transitive logic of kin term usage. At the very
point where these ordering principles could
no longer be maintained in the course of
everyday interaction, they proved to be of
such profound significance for resisting
chaos that they provided templates for the
physical construction of social space.
NÅR STEDER OPLØSES: Russeres begrebsliggørelse af et Riga under forandring
Authors: Rosengaard Camilla 
Published: September 2021

Camilla Rosengaard: When Places Disintegrate
This paper focuses on how ethnic Russians
attempt to oppose the processes of deterritorialization
they are subject to in the
newly established Latvian State. The attempt
on behalf of the Latvian State to marginalise
the Russians is - among other things -
expressed in the spatial restructuration of
Latvia’s Capital Riga. Markers and signs
refering to the Russian community and the
Soviet past to a large extern are removed
from the city-scape. In keeping a tour-map
of all the removed places in mind, the
Russians manage to keep track on the Soviet
place and thereby create a continuity with
the past. In creating this discursive place, the
Russians challenge the official Latvian
history and their role in it as foreigners who
are not granted citizenship.
BRYLLUPPET I KRANI: Noter om rites de passage på Balkan
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

Jonathan Schwartz: Wedding in Krani:
Notes on Balkan Rites of Passage
This retrospective essay, inspired by the
Biblical wedding in Kana, looks as well
towards the future. Its topics are drawn from
twenty years of periodic visits to and field
work in the Prespa Lake region of
Macedonia, bordering on Albania, Greece,
and the Republic of Macedonia. Studies of
labor migration (pechalba) are orchestrated
by weddings, in which villagers are married
away to spouses in the metropoles. This is a
Virtual rite de passage, especially for the
bride. Since the collapse of communism, the
breakup of Yugoslavia, and the violence of
ethnic cleansing, new imperatives for
anthropology have appeared. If once we
could direct our interest to the dramatic rites
de passage, we now must pay attention to
guarding the everyday rights of passage,
especially in regions with several ethnic,
religious, and linguistic communities. The
Prespa Lake village of Krani, half Albanian
and half Macedonian, with half its population
abroad in diasporas, is an exemplary
site for this sort of anthropology.
FREMTRÆDELSES-FORMER: Åndebesættelsen som mimesis og performance
Authors: Sjørslev Inger 
Published: September 2021

Inger Sjørslev: Forms of Representation.
Spirit Possession as Mimesis and
Performance
The title of the article plays on the literal
meaning “stepping forward” of the Danish
word “fremstilling” for representation. It
analyses the phenomenon of ritual spirit
possession as stylistic behavior and a form
of communication, and as an embodiment of
sociality, in the sense that the possessed incamates
forces and sentiments of the whole
group. The possessed are not dissociated
from themselves as much as they are morethan-
themselves in this sense of being -
framed by the ritual performance - fetishlike
incamations of both positive sentiments
of the group, as when possessed by gods, and
negative ones, as sometimes when possessed
by marginal entities and strangers.
KUNAERNE KÆMPER - MED MYTE OG METAFOR
Authors: Tuxen Vibeke 
Published: September 2021

Vibeke Tuxen: The Kunas Struggle - with
Myth and Metaphor
The author is working with the kuna people
on a demarcation project and observes how
the kuna use their myths and metaphors in
practice to analyse the presence of
foreigners, whom experience has taught
them not to trust, but on whom they also
depend for their territory. The myth of
Duiren who taught the Kunas to resist and
fight for their culture but who also depended
on the help of other people, is put forward by
a chief in his chanting, analysing the present
situation. Kuna myths form a total of
interrelated stories, which on the one hand
form the mind of the Kuna chief in his
analysis, and on the other hand certain parts,
or myths, are being picked out to show the
angle that the chief wishes to put forward to
his people. Personal names can be changed
and molas can be sold. Myths, names, and
molas are three ways in which the Kuna
relate themselves to the outer world and still
maintain their own way of living. Through
all three, foreign aspects can be expressed,
let in, and let out again.
FAMILIEN: Diskurs og deltagelse i dagens Tyrkiet
Authors: Mortensen Lotte Bøggild 
Published: September 2021

Lotte Bøggild Mortensen: The Family.
Discourse and Participation in Today's
Tur key
The present article deals with the notion of
the family, and the changing forms of
patriarchy and male dominance in Turkish
society. The empirical data originale from a
relatively well to do middle class apartment
building in Ankara. Whereas several contemporary
studies with a focus on village life
and/or poor areas demonstrate how women
manipulate within horders set by men, few
studies have focused on how wealthy urban
families which are commited to Kemalism,
interact within the nation-state ideology of
the Turkish Republic. The prevalence of
Kemalism since 1923 meant the creation of a
new role model for women encouraging
women to enter public space. This article,
however, aims to show that Atatiirk, the
founder of Kemalism, had no possibility for
- nor was interested in - changing the
private or domestic status of women. The
urban women in this study nevertheless east
their identities for public participation
within the Kemalist ideology. The
patriarchal definition of Islam forms the
local ideology, while the local discourse is
shaped and reshaped with due reference to
the notion of “naturalizing” male power.
Using concepts like speech, silence, eyesight,
order and participation, this article
shows how women in urban households
negotiate male power within the framework
of the patriarchal family.
PÅ TVÆRS I EN POLARISERET VERDEN
Authors: Nour Susanne 
Published: September 2021

Susanne Nour: Cutting across a Polarised
World
The article focusses on the experiences of a
young Egyptian woman from one of the socalled
“old” families. It deals with her
difficulties situating herself in Egypt. The
present polarisation of Western and Islamic
values makes it very difficult for her to
formulate a national identity in correspondence
with the hegemonic identity discourse
in Egypt today. On the basis of interviews
made during fieldwork in Cairo, the article
argues for distinetion between two different
constructions of Egyptian national identity
and discuss how they are conneceted with
different social groups, with particular
family backgrounds, as well as with
different interpretations of islam.
ISLAMISTER OG KLUBLIV I GAZASTRIBEN
Authors: Jensen Michael Irving 
Published: September 2021

Michael Irving Jensen: Islamists and
Club Milieu in the Gaza Strip
The article deals with Islamic social
institutions in the Gaza Strip. The author
considers these institutions as being part of
Palestinian civil society. However, the bulk
of the article is focused on one aspect of the
work that the Islamic social institutions carry
out; namely sport activities. The article is
based on qualitative interviews, carried out
by the author, with young men playing
football in an Islamic club (ciosely related to
the Hamas movement). Among the
questions raised are: Why do young men
choose to play football in an Islamic club?
What are their perceptions of the political
situation in the Gaza Strip? How do they
view the relationship between Islam and
politics in general? The interviews reveal -
not unsurprisingly - that the young Islamists
playing football do not equal the stereotype
of an Islamist, i.e. a young fanatic with long
beard and a wild look in the face. On the
contrary, they are young men willing and
able to cope with the modem world. From
the interviews it is evident that high moral
standards, more than anything else, attract
these young men. Although further empirical
work needs to be done, one could
conclude tentatively that a good Islamist can
play club football three times a week.
TIL FESTBANKET I JUNCAL: Madens sociale og kulturelle betydning hos nogle indianere i Andes
Authors: Fock Niels 
Published: September 2021

Niels Fock: Banquets in Juncal: Social
and Cultural Significance of Food among
some Andean Indians
This article is primarily an ethnographical
description and analysis of food production
and consumption in the Ecuadorian village
of Juncal in the Canar highlands. The kind of
foodstuff used, its value as nutrition and as
gastronomical and dietetic regimen is
analysed from cognitive and social points of
view. In the near self-supplying community
where money is scarce, food takes on
fundamental importance in various social
situations as the symbolic means of
exchange. An important distinction is
established between the wet daily food and
the dry banquet food consumed at public
feasts.
NÆRING OG NYDELSE I ERNÆRINGSOPLYSNINGEN: Diskursiv regulering af mad- og spisevaner 1936-1985
Authors: Christensen Gudrun 
Published: September 2021

Gudrun Christensen: Nutrition and the
Pleasures of Eating in Public Information
Campaigns
The article illustrates how the Agency of
Consumer Affairs has tried to prevent
specific diseases and to improve general
health among the Danish population by
changing nutritional practices. The study is a
discourse analysis inspired by Michel
Foucault, based on leaflets published
between 1936 and 1985 in Denmark. The
article focuses on how relations between
nutrition and the pleasure of eating are
constructed and shows how the societal
understanding of nutritional problems has
changed. Earlier on, the leaflets focused on
deficiency, diseases and the improvement of
public health as a means of simple survival
and basic health in the Danish population.
Fifty years later the leaflets discuss the
prevention of specific food related diseases,
such as coronary heart-disease and obesity,
which are seen as a central element of
modem lifestyle. The article shows how an
attempt has been made to place scientifically
based and rational forms of sense at the
centre of everyday life with food and
nutrition. In this process there is no longer
room for food habits based on tradition, the
pleasure for food, preferences of taste or
food habits based on certain culinary
preferences.
MADEN OG GIFTEN: TO SIDER AF SAMME SAG: Et eksempel fra Nias, Indonesien
Authors: Wolff Bente 
Published: September 2021

Bente Wolff: Food and Poison - a Twosided
Coin: An Indonesian Example
By using examples from food distribution at
everyday occasions and feasts in a tourist
area on South Nias Island, food is described
as a life substance flowing to the individual
from the social relations. This practice
among others is both structured by and
structuring for the experience of the
fundamental principles of life as nourishi.ng
substance given to the person by others.
Life’s opposite, sickness and death, is then
understood within the same logic as mortal
substance coming from others, i.e. poison.
These two categories are viewed as cultural
expressions of the local economic system,
but this system is not static. It is argued that
poison today is understood as a more
depersonalized force than previously, which
is itself a result of an increase in
commercialized exchange relations.