bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential cerebrovascular risks in glioblastoma and meningioma patients: a population-based matched cohort study in Wales (United Kingdom)
Authors: Poon Michael T C , Jin Kai , Brennan Paul M , Figueroa Jonine , Sudlow Cathie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
There is limited evidence on cerebrovascular risks in glioblastoma and meningioma patients. We aimed to compare cerebrovascular risks of these patients with the general population.

Method
We used population-based routine healthcare and administrative data linkage in this matched cohort study. Cases were adult glioblastoma and meningioma patients diagnosed in Wales 2000-2014 identified in the cancer registry. Controls from cancer-free general population were matched to cases (5:1 ratio) on age (±5 years), sex and GP practice. Factors included in multivariable models were age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and medications for cardiovascular diseases. Outcomes were fatal and non-fatal haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. We used flexible parametric models adjusting for confounders to calculate the hazard ratios (HR).

Results
Final analytic population was 16,921 participants, of which 1,340 had glioblastoma and 1,498 had meningioma. The median follow-up time was 0.5 year for glioblastoma patients, 4.9 years for meningioma patients, and 6.6 years for controls. The number of haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke was 154 and 374 in the glioblastoma matched cohort, respectively, and 180 and 569 in the meningioma matched cohort, respectively. The adjusted HRs for haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke were 3.74 (95%CI 1.87-6.57) and 5.62 (95%CI 2.56-10.42) in glioblastoma patients, respectively, and were 2.42 (95%CI 1.58-3.52) and 1.86 (95%CI 1.54-2.23) in meningioma patients compared with their controls.

Conclusion
Glioblastoma and meningioma patients had higher cerebrovascular risks; these risks were even higher for glioblastoma patients. Further assessment of these potentially modifiable risks may improve survivorship.
Brain tumour related epilepsy with co-existing non epileptic attacks: Characteristics of a clinically challenging cohort
Authors: Samarasekera Shanika , Liang Di 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The co-existence of non-epileptic attacks (NEAD) in patients with brain tumour related epilepsy (BTRE) is poorly described. Non epileptic attacks (NEAD) co-occur in up to 30% of patients with epilepsy PWE. Adverse life events are associated with development of NEAD; their co-occurrence in those with BTRE is potentially un-surprising.
We sought to characterise the evolution of symptoms in this cohort.

Method
Clinical trajectories of patients with BTRE and co-existing NEAD were characterised. The diagnosis of NEAD was based on the epilepsy specialist’s observation of attacks and /or capture of attacks on video. Some patients had additional video EEG correlate.
Patients had been referred because of persisting symptoms in spite of escalating antiepileptic therapy.

Results
Of eight patients, six were initially misdiagnosed with escalating seizures. One patient developed NEAD de novo following tumour biopsy, the remaining patients developed NEAD following onset of BTRE. Onset of NEAD was not temporally linked with the diagnosis of a brain tumour. In five patients, NEAD onset occurred when seizures were controlled (&lt; 1 seizure/ month). All patients reported fear of developing uncontrolled seizures as being associated with their symptoms and identified their NEAD as more disabling than their epilepsy.
Patients were eventually managed with polytherapy -two found adjunctive clobazam helpful and four were offered antidepressant/ anxiolytic medication. Behavourial strategies including mindfulness were also discussed. At time of last follow up, seven patients had on-going NEAD symptoms in spite of good seizure control.

Conclusion
NEAD can co-occur with BTRE and should be considered in those with rapidly escalating symptoms in spite of antiepileptic therapy and radiologically stable lesions. Both making the diagnosis of NEAD and providing ongoing support is challenging. These patients require a multidisciplinary approach with support from allied specialties including neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology.
Characterizing immune cell subsets of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in brain metastases
Authors: Kalita-de Croft Priyakshi , Chittoory Haarika , Simpson Peter , Lakhani Sunil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The heterogeneity of TILs are not well characterized in brain metastasis. To address this, we performed a targeted analysis of immune cell subsets in brain metastasis tissues.

Method
We performed multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) on a limited cohort of brain metastases arising from breast cancers (n=20). Using RNA-interference validated antibodies, we quantitated the subsets of immune cells in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded whole sections. The panel of proteins analyzed included PanCK, CD8, CD4, Vista and Iba1 and an average of 15000 cells per sample were analysed. We also analysed an independent publicly available cohort at the RNA level to corroborate our findings.

Results
We found that increased density of tils (high&gt;30%; low &lt;30%) correlated with survival and they were two distinct phenotypes. The tumours with low tils had significantly higher expression of the immune-checkpoint molecule Vista in tumour cells (p&lt;0.01) as well as in their microenvironment (p&lt;0.001). Contrastingly, the brain metastatic tumours with high tils displayed higher expression of microglia. Low tils-tumours display CD8+ T-cells that exclusively co-express Vista (p&lt;0.01) compared to high tils group where CD8+ T-cells significantly co-express Iba1 (p&lt;0.05). Interestingly no definite phenotypes were observed in CD4+ T-cells. These results were also found in an independent cohort where Vista was a highly ranked gene within the CD8+ T-cell population.

Conclusion
Variety of immune escape routes may be involved in brain metastasis. This may be executed by increasing the expression of T-cell inhibitory molecule Vista or by increased activated microglia which may release immunosuppressive cytokines. Further studies are required to provide mechanistic insights into these phenomena.
Ependymomas: surgeon case volume and patient outcomes
Authors: Sun Rosa , Slator Naomi , Kay Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Ependymomas (tumours arising from ependymal cells) are rare in the adult population and therefore there is limited class 1 evidence on the treatment and management of these patients. We present our experience from a large single center. We address whether management should be undertaken by sub-specialised surgeons with high volume experience.

Method
Retrospective comparative study.

Results
High volume surgeons operated on larger volume (16.14 mm3, 8.31mm3, p=0.10) and more complex tumours (multi-centric cases p=0.10). We find a non-significant improvement in complication rate (p=0.77), extent of gross total resection (70.8% against 65.7%) and a positive change in performance status for high volume surgeons (p=0.84). Length of hospital stay is significantly prolonged when complications occur (14.2 and 48.4 days, p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Surgeons who have higher case load of ependymomas operate on more complex tumours. In addition, our results indicate there is a technical advantage of high volume surgeons compared to low volume surgeons, which translates into improved clinical outcomes for patients. We show that this has a significant impact on length of hospital stay, as well as the associated economical implications. For rare tumours such as ependymomas, super-specialisation and referral to surgeons with higher case volume will likely improve patient outcomes.
We call for a multi-centre, prospective studies to combine data in demonstrating statistical significance (power calculation for complication rate, N=150, p=0.05).
Does dietary fat affect advanced glycation end products and their receptors? A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Mendes Nélia P , Ribeiro Priscila V M , Alfenas Rita C G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Dietary fat seems to affect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors. This systematic review assesses studies that evaluated the effect of dietary fat on markers of glycation.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of dietary fat on markers of glycation and to explore the mechanisms involved.

Data Sources
This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched, using descriptors related to dietary fat, AGEs, and the receptors for AGEs.

Study Selection
Studies were selected independently by the 3 authors. Divergent decisions were resolved by consensus. All studies that evaluated the effects of the quantity and quality of dietary fat on circulating concentrations of AGEs and their receptors in adults and elderly adults with or without chronic diseases were included. Initially, 9 studies met the selection criteria.

Data Extraction
Three authors performed data extraction independently. Six studies were included.

Results
Consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and low in dietary AGEs reduced serum concentrations of AGEs, reduced expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), and increased expression of the AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) when compared with consumption of a Western diet rich in saturated fatty acids and dietary AGEs. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) resulted in decreased concentrations of fluorescent AGEs and decreased expression of RAGE as well as increased expression of AGER1.

Conclusions
Increased consumption of MUFAs and omega-3 PUFAs and reduced consumption of saturated fatty acids seem to be effective strategies to beneficially affect glycation markers, which in turn may prevent and control chronic diseases.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42021220489.
A Chimeric TGA Repressor Slows Down Fruit Maturation and Ripening in Tomato
Authors: Lemaire-Chamley Martine , Koutouan Claude , Jorly Joana , Assali Julien , Yoshida Takuya , Nogueira Marilise , Tohge Takayuki , Ferrand Carine , Peres Lázaro E P , Asamizu Erika , Ezura Hiroshi , Fraser Paul D , Hajirezaei Mohammad-Reza , Fernie Alisdair R , Rothan Christophe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The bZIP transcription factor (TF) SlTGA2.2 was previously highlighted as a possible hub in a network regulating fruit growth and transition to ripening (maturation phase). It belongs to a clade of TFs well known for their involvement in the regulation of the salicylic acid–dependent systemic acquired resistance. To investigate if this TGA TF plays a role in tomato fruit growth and maturation, we took advantage of the fruit-specific SlPPC2 promoter (PPC2pro) to target the expression of a SlTGA2.2-SRDX chimeric repressor in a developmental window restricted to early fruit growth and maturation. Here, we show that this SlTGA2.2-SRDX repressor alters early fruit development and metabolism, including chloroplast number and structure, considerably extends the time necessary to reach the mature green stage and slows down fruit ripening. RNA sequencing and plant hormone analyses reveal that PPC2pro:SlTGA2.2-SRDX fruits are maintained in an immature stage as long as PPC2pro is active, through early modifications of plant hormonal signaling and down-regulation of MADS-RIN and NAC-NOR ripening regulators. Once PPC2pro becomes inactive and therefore SlTGA2.2-SRDX expression is reduced, ripening can proceed, albeit at a slower pace than normal. Altogether, this work emphasizes the developmental continuum between fruit growth, maturation and ripening and provides a useful tool to alter and study the molecular bases of tomato fruit transition to ripening.
Single-cell transcriptomics sheds light on the identity and metabolism of developing leaf cells
Authors: Tenorio Berrío Rubén , Verstaen Kevin , Vandamme Niels , Pevernagie Julie , Achon Ignacio , Van Duyse Julie , Van Isterdael Gert , Saeys Yvan , De Veylder Lieven , Inzé Dirk , Dubois Marieke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As the main photosynthetic instruments of vascular plants, leaves are crucial and complex plant organs. A strict organization of leaf mesophyll and epidermal cell layers orchestrates photosynthesis and gas exchange. In addition, water and nutrients for leaf growth are transported through the vascular tissue. To establish the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of these different leaf tissues, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of individual cells isolated from young leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown in two different environmental conditions. The detection of approximately 19,000 different transcripts in over 1,800 high-quality leaf cells revealed 14 cell populations composing the young, differentiating leaf. Besides the cell populations comprising the core leaf tissues, we identified subpopulations with a distinct identity or metabolic activity. In addition, we proposed cell-type-specific markers for each of these populations. Finally, an intuitive web tool allows for browsing the presented dataset. Our data present insights on how the different cell populations constituting a developing leaf are connected via developmental, metabolic, or stress-related trajectories.
The Born rule and logical inference in quantum mechanics
Authors: Ichikawa Tsubasa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLogical inference leads to one of the major interpretations of probability theory called logical interpretation, in which the probability is seen as a measure of the plausibility of a logical statement under incomplete information. Assuming that our usual inference procedure is working rationally for every set of logical propositions represented in terms of commuting projectors on a given Hilbert space, we extend the logical interpretation to quantum mechanics and derive the Born rule. Our result implies that, from epistemological viewpoints, we can regard quantum mechanics as a natural extension of classical probability theory.
A Bessel δ-Method and Hybrid Bounds for GL2
Authors: Fan Yilan , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLet g be a primitive holomorphic or Maass newform for $\Gamma_0(D)$. In this paper, by studying the Bessel integrals associated with g, we prove an asymptotic Bessel δ-identity associated with g. Among other applications, we prove the following hybrid subconvexity bound $$\begin{eqnarray*} L\left(1/2+it,g\otimes \chi\right)\ll_{g,\varepsilon} (q(1+|t|))^{\varepsilon}q^{3/8}(1+|t|)^{1/3} \end{eqnarray*}$$ for any ε &gt; 0, where $\chi \bmod q$ is a primitive Dirichlet character with q prime and $(q, D)=1$. This improves the previous known result.
Histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography of the parotid gland: three complementary measurements in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Mossel Esther , van Ginkel Martha S , Haacke Erlin A , Arends Suzanne , Liefers Silvia C , Delli Konstantina , van Nimwegen Jolien F , Stel Alja J , Spijkervet Fred K L , Vissink Arjan , van der Vegt Bert , Kroese Frans G M , Bootsma Hendrika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The involvement of salivary glands in primary SS (pSS) can be assessed in different ways: histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography. To understand the relative value of these different approaches, it is crucial to understand the relationship between them. As we routinely perform these three modalities in the parotid gland for disease evaluation, our aim was to investigate the construct validity between these modalities in one and the same gland.

Methods
Consecutive sicca patients underwent a multidisciplinary diagnostic workup including parotid gland biopsy, collection of parotid gland–specific saliva and parotid gland ultrasonography. Patients who were classified as pSS according to the ACR-EULAR criteria were included. Construct validity was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients.

Results
The 41 included pSS patients completed a full workup within a mean time interval of 2.6 months. Correlations between histopathological features and stimulated parotid salivary flow were fair (ρ = −0.123 for focus score and ρ = −0.259 for percentage of CD45+ infiltrate). Likewise, poor correlations were observed between stimulated parotid salivary flow and parotid ultrasonography (ρ = −0.196). Moderate to good associations were found between the histopathological items focus score and the percentage of CD45+ infiltrate, with parotid US scores (total US score: ρ = 0.510 and ρ = 0.560; highest for homogeneity: ρ = 0.574 and ρ = 0.633).

Conclusion
Although pSS-associated ultrasonographic findings did correlate with histopathological features, the three modalities that evaluate salivary gland involvement assess different (or at best partly related) constructs. Therefore histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography are complementary measurements and cannot directly replace each other in the workup of pSS.
Litchi chinensis inspired nanoformulations: a synergy guided approach for unraveling promising cytotoxic attributes of metal and nonmetal conjugates
Authors: Hussain Amina , Safdar Naila , Ain Noor-ul , Abbasi Rashda , Yasmin Azra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In present study, diverse Litchi chinensis-mediated nanostructures in combination with 5-fluorouracil drug were fabricated viz. Au, Se, Ag, Ag–Se, Ag–Au, 5-FU Ag–Se and 5-FU Ag–Au with subsequent characterization and scrutinization of their anticarcinogenic capabilities. UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis confirmed the state transition for each precursor salt. XRD and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed spherical/quasispherical nanostructures with monoclinic crystalline organization ranged between 18 nm and 38 nm. FTIR analysis revealed fabricated nanoparticles to be capped with various phytoconstituents. DLS and Zeta potential analysis of unloaded and drug-loaded bielemental nanoparticles (BNPs) showed comparatively large hydrodynamic particle size distribution and sufficient stability of nanoparticles. BNPs showed promising lethality concentrations for brine shrimp (LC50 &lt; 2 μg/ml) and antitumor (LC50 &lt; 10 μg/ml) assessments. These findings were in positive correlation with the antioxidant inhibitory concentrations IC50 (74.2–180.1 μg/ml) of the tested entities. Ag–Se and Ag–Au were loaded with 5-FU (loading efficiency of 47% ± 1.14 and 25% ± 0.32, respectively) in light of their promising cytotoxic actions. All nanostructures showed profound hemocompatibility with maximum hemolytic activity as low as 2.4%. Highly significant difference (P &lt; 0.01) was observed in antineoplastic potentials of unloaded and 5-FU loaded BNPs against HepG2 and HT144, with most substantial IC50 for 5-FU Ag–Au (8.95 ± 2.86 μg/ml). 5-FU Ag–Au was identified as a significant inducer of DNA fragmentation with maximum relative tail moment (HepG2: 3.45 ± 0.21) among all treatments.
Are split liver grafts a suitable option in high-risk liver transplant recipients?
Authors: Lau Ngee-Soon , Liu Ken , McCaughan Geoffrey , Crawford Michael , Pulitano Carlo 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
To assess the outcomes of split liver transplantation (SLT) in adults and children and evaluate its role in high-risk recipients with a high model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, an urgent indication or requiring retransplantation.

Recent findings
Split liver grafts in general have equivalent long-term survival outcomes to whole grafts despite an increase in biliary complications. Recent success and technical advances have encouraged use of these grafts in high-risk recipients. Split liver grafts can be used successfully in recipients with a high MELD score if there is adequate weight-matching. There are mixed results in urgent indication recipients and for retransplantation such that use in this group of patients remains controversial.

Summary
SLT addresses donor shortages by facilitating the transplant of two recipients from the same donor liver. By using careful donor and recipient selection criteria, SLT can achieve equivalent long-term outcomes to whole grafts. These grafts have been used successfully in recipients with a high MELD score, but should be used selectively in urgent indication recipients and for retransplantation.
Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Pierce Janet D. , Shen Qiuhua , Cintron Samantha A. , Hiebert John B. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many individuals have reported persistent symptoms and/or complications lasting beyond 4 weeks, which is now called post-COVID-19 syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and injury to the lungs is expected; however, there is often damage to numerous other cells and organs, leading to an array of symptoms. These long-term symptoms occur in patients with mild to severe COVID-19; currently, there is limited literature on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome.

Objectives
The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize and evaluate post-COVID-19 syndrome from a biological perspective.

Methods
An integrative review was conducted using Whittemore and Knafl’s methodology for literature published through August 30, 2021. The PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published as of August 30, 2021, using combinations of the following key words: post-COVID-19 syndrome, post-SARS-CoV-2, long COVID-19, long COVID-19 syndrome, and pathophysiology of post-COVID-19. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method.

Results
The search generated 27,929 articles. After removing duplicates and screening abstracts and full-text reviews, we retained 68 articles and examined 54 specific articles related to the pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 syndrome. The findings from our review indicated that there were four pathophysiological categories involved: virus-specific pathophysiological variations, oxidative stress, immunologic abnormalities, and inflammatory damage.

Discussion
Although studies examining the pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 syndrome are still relatively few, there is growing evidence that this is a complex and multifactorial syndrome involving virus-specific pathophysiological variations that affect many mechanisms but specifically oxidative stress, immune function, and inflammation. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and longer term consequences involved in post-COVID-19 syndrome.