bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student perceptions towards introductory lessons in R
Authors: Custer Gordon F. , van Diepen Linda T. A. , Seeley Janel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuantitative literacy is necessary to keep pace with the exponentially increasing magnitude of biological data and the complexity of statistical tools. However, statistical programming can cause anxiety in new learners and educators alike. In order to produce graduates that are well‐prepared for quantitative research, overcoming the initial hurdles associated with statistical programming is a must. Often, valuable class time is dedicated to teaching introductory concepts of statistical programming, leaving instructors short on time. Here we present an introductory tutorial to statistical programming in the language R. Our tutorial is easily customizable, self‐paced, and can be used in secondary through graduate level classrooms. Student questionnaire responses suggest that perceptions towards R became generally more favorable following an introduction to the program, with an increased likelihood of returning to R. Similar results were found across multiple formats for introducing statistical programming in R and suggest a tutorial‐style introduction is as effective as a series of lectures and computer exercises for altering student perceptions towards statistical programming for graduate students. Our tutorial provides a self‐paced introduction that covers basic programming in R and offers students an opportunity to learn the basic skills that often act as a roadblock to learning and utilizing more complex quantitative tools, while reserving class time for instruction.
Dual heuristic programming with just‐in‐time modeling for self‐learning fault‐tolerant control of mobile robots
Authors: Zhang Changxin , Xu Xin , Zhang Xinglong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of autonomous wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) requires designing high‐performance motion controllers under complex dynamical constraints, which has been an important research topic in the fields of control theory and robotics. Considering the faults or disturbances in practice, previous works have designed various stable fault‐tolerant tracking control methods for WMRs. However, it is still challenging to design an optimal or nearly optimal controller in the case of faults. In this article, in order to deal with the changed properties of WMR dynamics, a just‐in‐time learning (JITL) based dual heuristic programming (DHP) algorithm is proposed to optimize the control performance under faults or disturbances. Without knowing the information of faults and the dynamics model, the changing dynamics can be identified online using the data‐driven method, and the control performance is optimized via DHP, which is a class of online reinforcement learning approach. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through fault‐tolerant tracking control simulations of a WMR system under different fault modes. It is shown that the proposed JITL‐based DHP approach has much better performance than previous DHP methods without fault estimation.
Right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities in monochorionic twin pregnancies without twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome: Prenatal course and postnatal long‐term outcomes
Authors: Faiola Stefano , Casati Daniela , Laoreti Arianna , Amendolara Mariella , Consonni Dario , Corti Carla , Mannarino Savina , Lanna Mariano , Rustico Mariangela , Cetin Irene 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesRight ventricular outflow tract abnormalities (RVOTA) have been mostly reported in recipient twins (RT) of monochorionic/diamniotic (MC/DA) twin pregnancies with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Aim of the study was to describe RVOTA detected in MC/DA pregnancies without TTTS.MethodsCases of RVOTA were retrieved from our database among all MC/DA pregnancies without TTTS from 2009 to 2018.ResultsOut of 891 MC/DA twin pregnancies without TTTS, 14 (1.6%) were associated with RVOTA: 10 pulmonary stenosis (PS), one steno‐insufficiency, one insufficiency and two atresia (PA). In 93% of cases (13/14), pregnancy was complicated either by amniotic fluid discrepancy (AFD) or by TAPS or mostly by selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) (11/13: 85%), involving predominantly (10/11: 91%) the large twin, with high incidence (9/11: 82%) of sFGR and AFD coexistence. Eight out of 14 (57%) survived after the perinatal period (7 PS, 1 PA). Five (62%) underwent pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty, whereas 3 children still showed persistent mild PS at cardiac follow up after 1 year of life.ConclusionsRVOTA can occur in MC/DA pregnancies without TTTS, particularly when other complications coexist. In complicated cases specialized fetal echocardiographic evaluation is recommended during pregnancy; RVOTA cases should be delivered in a tertiary level center, where cardiologists are available.
An insight for the interaction of drugs (acyclovir/ganciclovir) with various ionic liquids: DFT calculations and molecular docking
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Kumari Kamlesh , Raman Anirudh Pratap Singh , Jain Pallavi , Kumar Durgesh , Singh Prashant 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince December 2019, the humanity is in trouble due to the huge infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and caused COVID‐19, named by WHO. Therefore, researchers and health care organizations are using the repurposing drugs against the infection by this new coronavirus. Acyclovir and ganciclovir are the drugs used in the cure of infection due to herpes virus so the impact of these drugs along with the designed ionic liquids individually as well as in combination against the Mpro of nCoV was investigated using molecular docking. The drugs {acyclovir (1) and ganciclovir (2)}, ionic liquids (A, B, and C), and their combinations (1‐A, 1‐B, 1‐C, 2‐A, 2‐B, and 2‐C) were studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations via determining the different energies. These values are important to understand the formation of 1‐A, 1‐B, 1‐C, 2‐A, 2‐B, and 2‐C and are found to negative. Complexes formed by acyclovir with ILs (B and C) are more favorable due to less value of change in free energy. Further, 1 interacts with IL(C) and 2 interacts well with IL(A), and it is based on the calculated dipole moment of 1‐C and 2‐A, as 17.4 and 27.6, respectively. Therefore, it can be considered as more polar and more water soluble. Results revealed that complex 2‐A found to more stable than 1‐A and showed the best binding energy of −149 kcal/mol against the Mpro of nCoV. It indicates that the drug, ganciclovir (2) in presence of the IL(A) binds effectively with the Mpro of nCoV instead independently.
Mizagliflozin, a selective SGLT1 inhibitor, improves vascular cognitive impairment in a mouse model of small vessel disease
Authors: Ishida Nanae , Saito Maki , Sato Sachiko , Tezuka Yu , Sanbe Atsushi , Taira Eiichi , Hirose Masamichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreviously, we showed that sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) participates in vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease. We hypothesized that SGLT1 inhibitors can improve the small vessel disease induced‐vascular cognitive impairment. We examined the effects of mizagliflozin, a selective SGLT1 inhibitor, and phlorizin, a non‐selective SGLT inhibitor, on vascular cognitive impairment in a mouse model of small vessel disease. Small vessel disease was created using a mouse model of asymmetric common carotid artery surgery (ACAS). Two and/or 4 weeks after ACAS, all experiments were performed. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was decreased in ACAS compared with sham‐operated mice. Phlorizin but not mizagliflozin reversed the decreased CBF of ACAS mice. Both mizagliflozin and phlorizin reversed the ACAS‐induced decrease in the latency to fall in a wire hang test of ACAS mice. Moreover, they reversed the ACAS‐induced longer escape latencies in the Morris water maze test of ACAS mice. ACAS increased SGLT1 and proinflammatory cytokine gene expressions in mouse brains and phlorizin but not mizagliflozin normalized all gene expressions in ACAS mice. Hematoxylin/eosin staining demonstrated that they inhibited pyknotic cell death in the ACAS mouse hippocampus. In PC12HS cells, IL‐1β increased SGLT1 expression and decreased survival rates of cells. Both mizagliflozin and phlorizin increased the survival rates of IL‐1β‐treated PC12HS cells. These results suggest that mizagliflozin and phlorizin can improve vascular cognitive impairment through the inhibition of neural SGLT1 and phlorizin also does so through the improvement of CBF in a mouse model of small vessel disease.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response modeling for evinacumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Pu Xia , Sale Mark , Yang Feng , Zhang Yi , Davis John D. , Al‐Huniti Nidal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvinacumab, an angiopoietin‐like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibitor, has been shown to significantly reduce low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). This work characterized the population pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) of evinacumab using pooled phase III clinical data. Total evinacumab PK were described by a two‐compartment model with combined linear and saturable (Michaelis–Menten) elimination, and first‐order absorption. At clinically relevant concentrations, plasma drug concentrations were mainly influenced by the linear clearance pathway. Although the maximum target‐mediated rate of elimination (Vmax) parameter for the saturable pathway was found to be positively related to baseline ANGPLTL3, variability in body weight contributed more to the variability in evinacumab exposure than variability in ANGPTL3. An effect of HoFH versus healthy volunteers on Vmax was also identified. Weight‐based dosing regimens resulted in consistent evinacumab exposure across weight ranges. An indirect exposure–response model adequately described the relationship between evinacumab and LDL‐C, where drug concentration is assumed to inhibit LDL‐C production. The final population PK/PD model included two nonclinically significant covariates (race and baseline body weight) on the maximum drug‐induced inhibitory effect (Imax) and one (baseline LDL‐C) on the evinacumab concentration inducing 50% of Imax (IC50). A smaller IC50 was observed in patients with higher baseline LDL‐C, suggesting greater sensitivity to treatment. Population exposure–response analysis permitted estimation of derived PD parameters and individual LDL‐C levels over time for patients with HoFH. The model accurately predicted the proportion of patients with HoFH achieving prespecified LDL‐C goals with evinacumab during the ELIPSE HoFH study, further supporting a dosing strategy.
Ensuring exchangeability indata‐basedpriors for a Bayesian analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Lin Junjing , Gamalo‐Siebers Margaret , Tiwari Ram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn many orphan diseases and pediatric indications, the randomized controlled trials may be infeasible because of their size, duration, and cost. Leveraging information on the control through a prior can potentially reduce sample size. However, unless an objective prior is used to impose complete ignorance for the parameter being estimated, it results in biased estimates and inflated type‐I error. Hence, it is essential to assess both the confirmatory and supplementary knowledge available during the construction of the prior to avoid “cherry‐picking” advantageous information. For this purpose, propensity score methods are employed to minimize selection bias by weighting supplemental control subjects according to their similarity in terms of pretreatment characteristics to the subjects in the current trial. The latter can be operationalized through a proposed measure of overlap in propensity‐score distributions. In this paper, we consider single experimental arm in the current trial and the control arm is completely borrowed from the supplemental data. The simulation experiments show that the proposed method reduces prior and data conflict and improves the precision of the of the average treatment effect.
Predicting creep lifetime performance in edgewise compression of containerboards and for stacked corrugated board boxes
Authors: Holmvall Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPredicting how long time a corrugated board box can be stored with a constant load stacked on top of it without failing is an everyday challenge for a box designer. This is a basic step in corrugated board box material design which is usually resolved by utilizing so‐called stacking factors. A stacking factor is the ratio between the compression strength of the box and the stacking load. Higher stacking factors are used to accommodate for longer storing times or high relative humidity conditions. Utilizing stacking factors in the way commonly done today can be a good first approximation. However, this method often neglects or overcompensates for the inherent non‐normal distribution statistical behaviour associated with corrugated board box lifetimes. A higher precision in predicting box lifetimes enables material optimization and, thus, a more efficient use of resources. This work presents a convenient way of predicting lifetimes of both containerboards and corrugated board boxes. The approach additionally introduces the concept of reliability into lifetime prediction. The prediction is made directly from material or structural parameters and the applied load. This is accomplished by relating two different parameter sets for the Weibull distribution. It is shown that lifetime is indeed dependent not only on a stacking factor but also on durability and the variations associated with the material or box.
Predictor feedback and integrator backstepping of linear systems with distributed unbounded delays
Authors: Xu Xiang , Liu Lu , Krstic Miroslav , Feng Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article considers the control problem of linear strict‐feedback systems with an infinite‐delayed integrator. The integrator backstepping design approach is used to construct a predictor feedback controller. By applying the stability theorem developed in our previous work for systems with unbounded delays, exponential stability of the resulting closed loop system is proved. This article shows that the predictor feedback together with the backstepping design is effective on solving some control problems of systems with unbounded delays. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our controller.
Electron‐Rich Pincer Ligand‐Coupled Cobalt Porphyrin Polymer with Single‐Atom Sites for Efficient (Photo)Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction at Ultralow Overpotential
Authors: Wang Tingxia , Guo Lulu , Pei Hao , Chen Shengtao , Li Renjie , Zhang Jing , Peng Tianyou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPorphyrin and phthalocyanine complexes bearing single‐atom catalytic sites (M‐N4) have been explored as promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), whose activity can be improved by regulating the ligands and/or the metal centers. Moreover, their photosensitive features also provide the possibility for highly efficient photoelectrocatalytic CO2RR. Herein, a novel N′NN′‐pincer‐ligand (N3)‐coupled cobalt porphyrin (CoPor‐N3) polymer is developed for realizing efficient (photo)electrocatalytic CO2RR. The unraveled electronic structure and (photo)electrocatalytic features suggest that a synergistic effect between the electron‐rich N3 ligands and the Co‐N4 single‐atom sites in the CoPor‐N3 polymer results in the Co centers attaining more electrons, which is beneficial to facilitating the electron transfer to CO2 for the activation and reduction processes. As expected, the resultant CoPor‐N3 polymer delivers a good long‐term durability and high CO faradaic efficiency (96%) at an ultralow overpotential (0.39 V), which outperforms the CoPor alone and most porphyrin‐/phthalocyanine‐based electrocatalysts reported so far. Moreover, the photosensitivity of CoPor units can further reduce the overpotential to 0.34 V with a CO faradaic efficiency over 90% under light illumination. The present findings offer a new approach to constructing porphyrin‐based photosensitive electrocatalysts with high‐efficiency photoelectrocatalytic CO2RR.
High Cycling Stability of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode via Surface Modification with Polyimide/Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Coating
Authors: Zha Guojun , Ouyang Chuying , Yin Shungao , Yao Kaiqing , Agarwal Seema , Hu Naigen , Hou Haoqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Ni‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.10Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode coated by combining with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyimide (PI) produces a PI3‐NCM811 cathode, which markedly improves cycling stability and suppresses secondary crystal cracking. The initial discharge capacity of the PI3‐NCM811 cathode is 199.6 mAh g−1 between 2.8 and 4.3 V at 0.1 C @ 25 °C, which is slightly lower than that of NCM811 (201.1 mAh g−1). The PI3‐NCM811 and NCM811 cathodes keep 90.6% and 64.8% of their initial discharge capacity at 1 C between 2.8 and 4.3 V after 500 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the difference (21.1%) in capacity retention rate between PI3‐NCM811 and NCM811 under the condition of 2.8–4.5 V became smaller compared with the difference (25.8%) under the condition of 2.8–4.3 V. This better cyclic stability is mainly attributed to the toughness and elasticity of PI, which inhibits the secondary cracking, maintains the structural integrity of the cathode particles, and protects the particles from electrolyte damage during long‐term cycling.
De Novo Engineering of Metal–Organic Framework‐Printed In Vitro Diagnostic Devices for Specific Capture and Release of Tumor Cells
Authors: Liang Jieying , Liu Jian , Lord Megan S. , Wang Yu , Liang Kang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, a paper‐based in vitro diagnostic device (IVD) is developed via inkjet printing of de novo engineered, boronic acid‐rich metal–organic frameworks (BMOFs). The newly developed BMOFs simultaneously possess crystalline and amorphous structure, mesopore size, large surface area, and retain a high level of boronic acid integration. After printing the BMOFs on the filter paper, the BMOF‐printed paper IVD shows a rapid response time (40 min) towards cancer cell capture and its maximum cell capture capacity reaches approximately (4.5 ±1.1) ×104 cells cm−2. Furthermore, the BMOF‐printed IVD shows nine times higher capture ability of cancer cells than non‐cancerous cells, suggesting its excellent selectivity. Importantly, the pH‐tunable affinity of BMOF to glucose enables its dual‐responsive behavior without affecting cell viability. In addition, a desired cell pattern could be achieved by directly drawing BMOFs onto a silicon substrate, highlighting its capacity as a miniaturized device for tumor cell capture and analysis. This simple and label‐free nanoplatform enables new opportunities for designing MOF‐based smart devices for diverse biomedical applications such as a cost‐effective IVD technologies for cancer diagnosis, genotyping, and prognosis.
Electrode‐Less MnO2‐Metal Batteries with Deposition and Stripping Chemistry
Authors: Wang Mingming , Chen Na , Zhu Zhengxin , Meng Yahan , Shen Chunyue , Zheng Xinhua , Liang Dongsheng , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrode materials are key components in typical batteries, where the electrodes are generally fabricated onto current collectors in solid forms and are isolated by a separator. However, the preparation of the electrodes increases the fabrication complexity, which speeds down their large‐scale production. Here, series of static electrode‐less MnO2‐metal batteries are presented that are facilely fabricated by using carbon current collectors and electrolytes. The MnO2‐metal batteries are operated in dual‐deposition/stripping chemistries of Mn2+/MnO2 on the cathode and M/Mx+ on the anode. The MnO2‐Cd/Zn/Cu batteries exhibit remarkable rates up to 200 C, excellent reversibility of 15 000 cycles, and realistic gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 93.7 Wh kg−1 and 134 Wh L−1, respectively. Impressively, the MnO2‐Cd battery can achieve over 160 000 cycles in the high current pulse test, showing promises in the applications of electrical vehicle's start‐stop and large‐scale energy storage.
Physical–mechanical properties and morphology of filled low‐density polypropylene: Comparative study on calcium carbonate with oil shale and coal ashes
Authors: Krasnou Illia , Nadeem Faisal , Gregor Andre , Yörük Can Rüstü , Krumme Andres 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe main idea of this research is to explore the prospective of ashes accumulated during the energy production to be used as a filler for thermoplastics. The return of waste for processing into secondary raw materials is cost reducing and nature protective. In this study, low‐density polyethylene filled with CaCO3, burnt coal, and oil shale ash were produced and scrutinized. The optimal extrusion compounding and injection molding parameters are discussed. The effect of different filler load up to 30 wt% on the mechanical properties, structure, and morphology is investigated. It was found that the processing conditions for ash‐filled compounds are similar to CaCO3 filled. Mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength of ash‐filled composites are also close to CaCo3 filled.
Beyond rules: How institutional cultures and climate governance interact
Authors: Bremer Scott , Glavovic Bruce , Meisch Simon , Schneider Paul , Wardekker Arjan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInstitutions have a central role in climate change governance. But while there is a flourishing literature on institutions' formal rules, processes, and organizational forms, scholars lament a relative lack of attention to institutions' informal side; their cultures. It is important to study institutions' cultures because it is through culture that people relate to institutional norms and rules in taking climate action. This review uncovers what work has been done on institutional cultures and climate change, discerns common themes around which this scholarship coheres, and advances and argument for why institutional cultures matter. We employed a systematic literature review to assemble a set of 54 articles with a shared concern for how climate change and institutional cultures concurrently affect each other. The articles provided evidence of a nascent field, emerging over the past 5–10 years and fragmented across literatures. This field draws on diverse concepts of institutionalism for revealing quite different expressions of culture, and is mostly grounded in empirical studies. These disparate studies compellingly demonstrate, from different perspectives, that institutional cultures do indeed matter for implementing climate governance. Indeed, the articles converge in providing empirical evidence of eight key sites of interaction between climate change and institutional cultures: worldviews, values, logics, gender, risk acceptance, objects, power, and relationality. These eight sites are important foci for examining and effecting changes to institutions and their cultures; showing how institutional cultures shape responses to climate change, and how climate change shapes institutional cultures.This article is categorized under:
The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Flavor symmetry of 5d SCFTs. Part I. General setup
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A large class of 5d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) can be constructed by integrating out BPS particles from 6d SCFTs compactified on a circle. We describe a general method for extracting the flavor symmetry of any 5d SCFT lying in this class. For this purpose, we utilize the geometric engineering of 5d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 theories in M-theory, where the flavor symmetry is encoded in a collection of non-compact surfaces.