bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automation and artificial intelligence in hospitality and tourism
Authors: Jabeen Fauzia , Al Zaidi Sameera , Al Dhaheri Maryam Hamad 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to develop a framework to identify and prioritize the key factors in automation and artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in the hospitality and tourism industry.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis paper used the analytic hierarchy process, a multi-criteria decision-making method, to prioritize the factors influencing automation and AI implementation. This paper developed a model with five criteria (human knowledge, services, robotics applications, internal environment and institutional environment) and 23 sub-criteria obtained from previous studies. This paper designed a questionnaire in the form of pairwise comparisons based on the proposed hierarchical structure. This paper used a nine-point ranking scale to show the relative significance of each variable in the hierarchy and tested the model among staff from 35 five-star hotels and top-rated tourism agencies in the United Arab Emirates.FindingsHuman knowledge, services and robotics applications were the most significant factors influencing automation and AI implementation. Practitioners and researchers in the hospitality and tourism industry could apply the proposed framework to develop sustainable strategies for implementing and managing automation and AI. The proposed framework may also be useful in future studies examining AI implementation in the hospitality and tourism industry.Originality/ValueThis paper developed a framework for policymakers that identifies and could help to overcome some of the challenges in implementing automation and AI in the hospitality and tourism sector around the world. The results provide an agenda for future research in this area.
Chemoradiotherapy with high‐dose cisplatin compared with weekly cisplatin for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hughes Ryan T , Porosnicu Mercedes , Levine Beverly J , Lycan Thomas W , Shenker Rachel F , Frizzell Bart A , Greven Kathryn M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionConcurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using high‐dose cisplatin (HDC) is standard for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); weekly cisplatin (WC) is an alternative. We aim to compare retrospectively the survival and disease control outcomes between these regimens in our institutional experience.MethodsPatients with stage III‐IV HNSCC treated with definitive or postoperative CRT between 2012 and 2018 were identified. Patients were stratified by intent‐to‐treat CRT. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were generated and multivariable Cox models were performed.Results193 patients were treated with concurrent HDC (n = 69), WC at 40 mg/m2 (WC40, n = 88) or WC at <40 mg/m2 (WC<40, n = 36). Treatment intent was definitive in 74% and adjuvant in 26%. Baseline differences included age, performance status and HPV status. Cumulative cisplatin dose ≥200 mg/m2 was achieved in 89% (HDC), 86% (WC40) and 25% (WC<40, P < 0.0001). For HDC, WC40 and WC<40, 2‐year OS rates were 87%, 77%, 60% and 2‐year DFS rates were 75%, 68% and 52%, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed gender, performance status, primary site, T/N stage and chemotherapy as predictive of OS. Primary site, T/N stage and chemotherapy regimen were associated with DFS. Compared with HDC, no differences in locoregional control (LRC) or distant metastasis were observed between groups.ConclusionConcurrent HDC is associated with increased total cisplatin intensity, OS and DFS compared with weekly cisplatin regimens. LRC was not associated with chemotherapy regimen. HDC remains the standard of care; WC40 is a reasonable alternative that does not appear to sacrifice LRC.
Low oxygen levels decrease adaptive immune responses and ameliorate experimental asthma in mice
Authors: Hochgerner Mathias , Sturm Eva M. , Schnoegl Diana , Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Olschewski Horst , Marsh Leigh M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐altitude therapy has been used as add‐on treatment for allergic asthma with considerable success. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In order to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of high‐altitude therapy on allergic asthma, we utilized a new in vivo mouse model.MethodsMice were treated with house dust mite (HDM) extract over 4 weeks and co‐exposed to 10% oxygen (Hyp) or room air for the final 2 weeks. Experimental asthma was assessed by airway hyper‐responsiveness, mucus hypersecretion and inflammatory cell recruitment. Isolated immune cells from mouse and allergic patients were stimulated in vitro with HDM under Hyp and normoxia in different co‐culture systems to analyse the adaptive immune response.ResultsCompared to HDM‐treated mice in room air, HDM‐treated Hyp‐mice displayed ameliorated mucosal hypersecretion and airway hyper‐responsiveness. The attenuated asthma phenotype was associated with strongly reduced activation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), effector cell infiltration and cytokine secretion. In vitro, hypoxia almost completely suppressed the HDM‐induced adaptive immune response in both mouse and human immune cells. While hypoxia did not affect effector T‐cell responses per‐se, it interfered with antigen‐presenting cell (APC) differentiation and APC/effector cell crosstalk.ConclusionsHypoxia‐induced reduction in the Th2‐response to HDM ameliorates allergic asthma in vivo. Hypoxia interferes with APC/T‐cell crosstalk and confers an unresponsive phenotype to APCs.
Prevention of infant eczema by neonatal Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccination: The MIS BAIR randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pittet Laure F. , Messina Nicole L. , Gardiner Kaya , Freyne Bridget , Abruzzo Veronica , Francis Kate L. , Morrison Clare , Zufferey Christel , Vuillermin Peter , Allen Katrina J. , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Robins‐Browne Roy , Shann Frank , Flanagan Katie L. , Phillips Rod , Donath Susan , Casalaz Dan , Curtis Nigel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine could play a role in counteracting the rising prevalence of atopic diseases, through its beneficial off‐target effects. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG vaccination reduces the incidence of eczema in infants.MethodsRandomized controlled trial with 1272 infants allocated to receive BCG‐Denmark or no BCG at birth. The primary outcome was the 12‐month incidence of eczema based on 3‐monthly questionnaires. Eczema was also assessed at a 12‐month clinic visit. ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01906853.ResultsThe 12‐month eczema incidence was 32.2% in the BCG group compared with 36.6% in the control group (adjusted risk difference (aRD) −4.3%, 95% CI −9.9% to 1.3%, multiple imputation model). In addition, comparing infants in the BCG group with the control group, 15.7% vs. 19.2% had eczema lesions at the 12‐month visit (aRD −3.5%, 95% CI −8.0% to 1.0%); 35.7% vs. 39.0% reported using topical steroids (aRD −3.3, 95% CI −9.2 to 2.7); and 7.3% vs. 10.2% had severe eczema scores (aRD −3.0%, 95% CI −8.8% to 2.7%). In 344 high‐risk infants (two atopic parents), the 12‐month eczema incidence was 35.3% in the BCG group compared with 46.8% in the control group (aRD −11.5%, 95% CI −21.9% to −1.2%; number needed to treat 8.7, 95% CI 4.6 to 83.3).ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence to recommend neonatal BCG vaccination in all infants for the prevention of eczema in the first year of life; however, a modest beneficial effect was observed among high‐risk infants. A single dose of BCG‐Denmark soon after birth could reduce the incidence of eczema in infants with two atopic parents.
Teachers’ views of corporate reputation: Influence on behavioral outcomes
Authors: Martínez‐León Inocencia María , Olmedo‐Cifuentes Isabel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of teachers’ views of corporate reputation on behavioral outcomes in educational cooperatives. Educational cooperatives are social companies that must adequately manage their intangible assets to improve their competitiveness in the education sector. However, research on how teachers perceive corporate reputation is limited. Data was obtained through a survey of 101 teachers to test the research model proposed using path analysis. The findings highlight that teachers’ views of corporate reputation in educational cooperatives have significant and positive effects on employee satisfaction, retention and perceived service quality. Likewise, employee satisfaction has significant effects on teacher retention and perceived service quality. Therefore, given that employee satisfaction is a relevant variable in an educational organization's operation, employees’ views of corporate reputation can be used as a strategic tool to manage and improve organizational outcomes.
Control and value appraisals and online multiple‐text comprehension in primary school: The mediating role of boredom and the moderating role of word‐reading fluency
Authors: Raccanello Daniela , Florit Elena , Brondino Margherita , Rodà Antonio , Mason Lucia 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundOnline multiple‐text comprehension is a key skill of the 21st Century, yet the study of its relations with boredom in young students has been disregarded. Boredom is an achievement emotion expected to be predicted negatively by antecedents like control and value appraisals and to be associated to a negative performance. Notwithstanding its documented domain‐specificity, scarce attention has been paid to investigating these relations with primary‐school students in the reading domain, and specifically for online multiple‐text comprehension, and to how such relations are moderated by basic cognitive abilities.AimsConsidering separately two settings (homework, test), we studied the mediation of boredom in the relation between control‐value appraisals and online multiple‐text comprehension in primary‐school students, focusing on the moderating role of word‐reading fluency.SampleParticipants were 334 fourth and fifth graders.MethodsWe evaluated students’ reading‐related self‐efficacy and task‐value, reading‐related boredom for homework and tests, word‐reading fluency, and online multiple‐text comprehension.ResultsPath analyses revealed negative relations between control‐value appraisals and boredom for homework and tests, and between boredom and online multiple‐text comprehension for tests only. For the latter, word‐reading fluency moderated the relation between appraisals, boredom, and comprehension: Boredom negatively related to comprehension only for students with high word‐reading fluency.ConclusionsFindings are discussed focusing on antecedents of online multiple‐text comprehension as a literacy skill critical in the 21st Century. We underlined their implications for learning in general and specifically for the current educational changes due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Conservation conundrum: Endangered species persists on noxious weed
Authors: Elliott Christine H. , Gillett Conrad P. D. T. , Parsons Elliott , Rubinoff Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSome invasive plants are used by native wildlife but may be subject to control measures. We investigated oviposition preferences of an endangered moth dependent upon an invasive weed for survival. By identifying preferred characteristics of invasive host plants, land managers may minimize resource loss for imperiled species dependent upon them.
The future of wildlife conservation funding: What options do U.S. college students support?
Authors: Larson Lincoln R. , Peterson Markus Nils , Furstenberg Richard Von , Vayer Victoria R. , Lee Kangjae Jerry , Choi Daniel Y. , Stevenson Kathryn , Ahlers Adam A. , Anhalt‐Depies Christine , Bethke Taniya , T. Bruskotter Jeremy , Chizinski Christopher J. , Clark Brian , Dayer Ashley A. , Dunning Kelly Heber , Ghasemi Benjamin , Gigliotti Larry , Graefe Alan , Irwin Kris , Keith Samuel J. , Kelly Matt , Kyle Gerard , Metcalf Elizabeth , Morse Wayde , Needham Mark D. , Poudyal Neelam C. , Quartuch Michael , Rodriguez Shari , Romulo Chelsie , Sharp Ryan L. , Siemer William , Springer Matthew T. , Stayton Brett , Stedman Richard , Stein Taylor , Van Deelen Timothy R. , Whiting Jason , Winkler Richelle L. , Woosnam Kyle Maurice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInsufficient funding is a major impediment to conservation efforts around the world. In the United States, a decline in hunting participation threatens sustainability of the “user‐pay, public benefit” model that has supported wildlife conservation for nearly 100 years, forcing wildlife management agencies to contemplate alternative funding strategies. We investigated support for potential funding options among diverse college students, a rapidly expanding and politically active voting bloc with a potentially powerful influence on the future of conservation. From 2018 to 2020, we surveyed 17,203 undergraduate students at public universities across 22 states. Students preferred innovative approaches to conservation funding, with 72% supporting funding derived from industry sources (e.g., natural resource extraction companies), 63% supporting state sources (e.g., general sales tax), and 43% supporting conventional user‐based sources such as license fees and excise taxes associated with outdoor recreation activities (e.g., hunting). Findings emphasize the need to broaden the base of support for conservation funding and highlight the importance of considering the preferences and perspectives of young adults and other diverse beneficiaries of wildlife conservation.
Assessment of superior vena cava flow and cardiac output in different patterns of patent ductus arteriosus shunt
Authors: Bischoff Adrianne Rahde , Giesinger Regan E. , Stanford Amy H. , Ashwath Ravi , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the widespread use of superior vena cava (SVC) flow as a marker of systemic blood flow from the upper body, no previous studies have systematically evaluated the correlation between SVC flow and other echocardiography measures of systemic blood flow in the context of different patterns of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) shunt directionMethodsA retrospective cohort study of preterm infants (< 30 weeks, < 21 days of life) who underwent comprehensive targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) was performed. Patients were categorized as follows: (i) Hemodynamically significant left‐to‐right shunt; (ii): Bidirectional shunt; (iii) No PDA or insignificant shunt. SVC flow, as measured by two distinct methods, was compared to left and right ventricular outputs (LVO and RVO). Intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability testing was performedResultsIn total, 45 patients were included (15 in each group) with a median [IQR] weight of 720 [539, 917] grams at the time of assessment. SVC dimensions and flow measurements were not different between the groups, although patients with left‐to‐right shunt had higher LVO/RVO ratio. SVC flow, as estimated using the modified method, had a strong correlation with LVO (r = .63, p = 0.012) and RVO (r = .635, p = 0.011) in patients with no PDA. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability were both stronger for LVO and RVO when compared to SVC flow measurementsConclusionSVC flow was comparable across all three groups irrespective of higher LVO and LVO/RVO ratio in patients with left‐to‐right shunts. This may reflect poor measurement reliability or compensation for left‐to‐right ductal shunt by increased LVO to maintain systemic perfusion.
Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and extreme body weight
Authors: Bodega Francesca , Russi Anita , Melillo Francesco , Blunda Fabiana , Rubino Claudia , Leo Giulio , Cappelletti Alberto , Mazzone Patrizio , Mattiello Paolo , Della Bella Paolo , Castiglioni Alessandro , Alfieri Ottavio , De Bonis Michele , Montorfano Matteo , Tresoldi Moreno , Filippi Massimo , Salerno Anna , Cera Michela , Zangrillo Alberto , Alberto Margonato , Godino Cosmo ,   the INSigHT (Italian DOACs San Raffaele Hospital) registry investigators
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited clinical data exist describing the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patient with extreme body weight. Thus, the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) recommends avoiding DOACs in patients with weight >120 Kg, and on the contrary, no restrictions exist for underweight patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of extreme body weight on DOAC activity and to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with an extreme body weight versus patients with a normal weight (61‐119 Kg) treated with DOACs.MethodsSingle tertiary care Italian centre multidisciplinary registry including nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients treated with DOACs. Based on weight, three subcohorts were defined: (i) underweight patients (≤60 Kg); (ii) patients with a normal weight (61‐119 Kg, as control group); and (iii) overweight patients (≥120 Kg). Primary efficacy endpoint was 2‐year rate of thromboembolic events. Primary safety endpoint was 2‐year rate of major bleeding. Event‐free survival curves among groups were compared using Cox‐Mantel test.Results812 NVAF patients were included, 108 patients weighed ≤60 Kg (13%, underweight), 688 weighed between 61 and 119 Kg (85%, normal weight), and 16 weighed ≥120 Kg (2%, overweight). In particular, among underweight patients, dabigatran was prescribed in 26% patients, apixaban in 27%, rivaroxaban in 28% and edoxaban in 22% ones. Instead, among overweight patients, 44% were treated with dabigatran, 25% with apixaban, 25% with rivaroxaban and 4% with edoxaban. Underweight patients were older, more frequently women, with lower creatinine clearance and a history of previous strokes, resulting in higher CHA2DS2‐VASc score than in both remaining groups. Up to 2 years, no statistically significant difference was observed between the three groups of weight for thromboembolic events (P = .765) and for overall bleeding (P = .125), but a trend towards decreased overall bleeding rates was noticed as weight increased (24.1% vs 16.7% vs 12.5%, respectively).ConclusionIn this tertiary care centre registry, 15% of patients treated with DOACs presented an extreme weight. Compared to patients with a normal weight, no significant rates of thromboembolic events were observed for underweight or overweight patients. A trend towards decreased overall bleeding frequency as weight increased was highlighted up to 2 years. The present results should be considered as preliminary and hypothesis generating.
Individualized vocational and educational support and training for youth at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: West Michelle L. , Parrish Emma M. , Green James , Howland Caroline , Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimEarly intervention for psychosis has been of high interest in the past two decades. Research demonstrates that clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐p) populations experience impairments in role functioning. Although several vocational and cognitive interventions exist for people living with psychosis, there are no known evidence‐based treatments for role functioning difficulties during the CHR‐p stage. There is clear evidence for a need for interventions that directly target role functioning.MethodsThis paper describes the theoretical development and implementation of a novel intervention targeting role functioning impairments: Individualized Vocational and Educational Support and Training (InVEST). The CEDAR Clinic, a specialized CHR‐p coordinated specialty care (CSC) team, has worked to develop InVEST to target core aspects of role functioning, namely executive functioning, stress sensitivity, and task initiation. The intervention is cost‐efficient, as bachelor level clinicians provide the service under supervision of licensed clinicians. This summary describes InVEST, provides a disguised case example, and presents initial exploratory data (N = 135) focused on the intervention's feasibility in this CSC program.ResultsAlthough these preliminary data are limited, available information suggests that InVEST may provide a core treatment modality within CHR‐p treatment programs.ConclusionsMore research formally investigating InVEST with a larger sample would provide further evidence of the intervention's efficacy.
Detection of neurodegenerative disease in brain using region splitting based segmentation with deep unsupervised neural networks
Authors: Rajive Gandhi C. , Murugesh V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnsupervised segmentation is a significant pre‐processing task in various computer visualization processes. However, recently used unsupervised segmentation methods are very sensitive to few of the parameters like number of segmentation or numerous training and more inference complication. Neurodegenerative disorders namely Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, add up to main aspects to longer disability and has grown to be a more serious concept in the developed nations. At present, there does not exist efficient therapies. Earlier diagnosis along with avoiding misdiagnosis significantly assists in ensuring a good quality for patient's life. Hence, adopting computer‐aided‐diagnosis tools provides clinical assistance. This paper focus on detecting neurodegenerative disease from CT brain images by segmentation through region splitting based segmentation with deep unsupervised neural networks (RSS‐DUNN).Auto encoder deep neural network is constructed with reconstruction process of input image, which further improves the accuracy. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by comparing it with two standard methods in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, Jaccard similarity index (JSI) and dice similarity coefficient (DSC). As a result, it achieves 70.4% of accuracy, 70.8% of precision, 75.8% of recall, 73.6% of JSI and 81% of DSC.
Construction land reduction, rural financial development, and industrial structure optimization
Authors: Li Guoxiang , Wang Keqiang , Liu Hongmei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConstruction land reduction is an important means of promoting the effective allocation of factors and the optimization of industrial structure. Based on analyses of the impact mechanism of construction land reduction on industrial structure rationalization and supererogation, this study adopts the difference‐in‐difference model and threshold regression model to analyze the effects of construction land reduction. The results are as follows: (1) Construction land reduction significantly improves industrial structure rationalization and supererogation, and the positive effect clearly accumulates over time. After PSM‐DID and other series of robustness tests, the conclusion is still valid. (2) Construction land reduction in the outer suburban areas has a greater positive impact on industrial structure rationalization and supererogation than that in other suburban areas. (3) When the scale of the reduction exceeds a certain threshold, rural financial development can significantly promote industrial structure rationalization and supererogation. It is necessary to rationally plan the layout of industry, establish a mechanism of cross‐regional allocation of the reduction index, and provide replicable experiences for popularizing construction land reduction throughout the whole country.