bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENSE AND THE ORGANIC UNITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Little David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article challenges the fashionable but finally unsupportable opinion in political and academic circles that there exists no compelling, unitary, universally resonant moral and legal justification of human rights. The argument is intimated by two overlooked passages in the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that presuppose the right of self-defense against arbitrary force, understood as both a moral and legal concept, and as relevant both to personal and collective life. It shows how the logic of defensive force underlies the three formative human rights instruments: the UDHR, and the two covenants on political, legal, economic, social, and cultural rights. The underlying claim is that good reasons of a particular kind are required to justify any use of force, a claim that makes perfect sense against the backdrop of the atrocities committed by the German fascists and their allies in the mid-twentieth century. The article also refers to compelling, if preliminary, evidence of the widespread cross-cultural acceptance of the moral and legal right of self-defense, suggesting a basis for the worldwidecomprehensibilityandappealof human-rights language.
The radioactive nuclei and in the Cosmos and in the solar system
Authors: Diehl R. , Lugaro M. , Heger A. , Sieverding A. , Tang X. , Li K. A. , Li E. T. , Doherty C. L. , Krause M. G. H. , Wallner A. , Prantzos N. , Brinkman H. E. , den Hartogh J. W. , Wehmeyer B. , Yagüe López A. , Pleintinger M. M. M. , Banerjee P. , Wang W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cosmic evolution of the chemical elements from the Big Bang to the present time is driven by nuclear fusion reactions inside stars and stellar explosions. A cycle of matter recurrently re-processes metal-enriched stellar ejecta into the next generation of stars. The study of cosmic nucleosynthesis and this matter cycle requires the understanding of the physics of nuclear reactions, of the conditions at which the nuclear reactions are activated inside the stars and stellar explosions, of the stellar ejection mechanisms through winds and explosions, and of the transport of the ejecta towards the next cycle, from hot plasma to cold, star-forming gas. Due to the long timescales of stellar evolution, and because of the infrequent occurrence of stellar explosions, observational studies are challenging, as they have biases in time and space as well as different sensitivities related to the various astronomical methods. Here, we describe in detail the astrophysical and nuclear-physical processes involved in creating two radioactive isotopes useful in such studies,$^{26}\mathrm{Al}$and$^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$. Due to their radioactive lifetime of the order of a million years, these isotopes are suitable to characterise simultaneously the processes of nuclear fusion reactions and of interstellar transport. We describe and discuss the nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of$^{26}\mathrm{Al}$and$^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$, the key characteristics of the stellar sites of their nucleosynthesis and their interstellar journey after ejection from the nucleosynthesis sites. This allows us to connect the theoretical astrophysical aspects to the variety of astronomical messengers presented here, from stardust and cosmic-ray composition measurements, through observation of$\gamma$rays produced by radioactivity, to material deposited in deep-sea ocean crusts and to the inferred composition of the first solids that have formed in the Solar System. We show that considering measurements of the isotopic ratio of$^{26}\mathrm{Al}$to$^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$eliminate some of the unknowns when interpreting astronomical results, and discuss the lessons learned from these two isotopes on cosmic chemical evolution. This review paper has emerged from an ISSI-BJ Team project in 2017–2019, bringing together nuclear physicists, astronomers, and astrophysicists in this inter-disciplinary discussion.
Nomograms including the controlling nutritional status score in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolisation for prediction survival: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Chen Yi , Xu Wen-ji , Yang Yi , Xin Yu-Jing , Zhang Xin-Yuan , Li Xiao , Zhou Xiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis retrospective study investigated the predictive value of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Nomograms were developed to predict progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS). The medical data of 228 patients with HCC and treated with TACE were collected. The patients were apportioned to 2 groups according to CONUT score: low or high (<4, ≥4). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox regression for OS and PFS. OS and PFS were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier curve and compared with the log-rank test. Nomograms were constructed to predict patient OS and PFS. The nomograms were evaluated for accuracy, discrimination, and efficiency. The cut-off value of CONUT score was 4. The higher the CONUT score, the worse the survival; Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences in OS and PFS between the low and high CONUT score groups (P = 0·033, 0·047). The nomograms including CONUT, based on the prognostic factors determined by the univariate and multivariate analyses, to predict survival in HCC after TACE were generated. The CONUT score is an important prognostic factor for both OS and PFS for patients with intermediate HCC who underwent TACE. The cut-off value of the CONUT score was 4. A high CONUT score suggests poor survival outcomes. Nomograms generated based on the CONUT score were good models to predict patient OS and PFS.
An Upper Ediacaran Glacial Period in Cadomia: the Granville tillite (Armorican Massif) – sedimentology, geochronology and provenance
Authors: Linnemann Ulf , Hofmann Mandy , Gärtner Andreas , Gärtner Jessica , Zieger Johannes , Krause Rita , Haenel Robert , Mende Katja , Ovtcharova Maria , Schaltegger Urs , Vickers-Rich Pat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the Cadomian orogenic belt a package of glacigenic sedimentary deposits have been recently described in the Armorican Massif (Normandy, France). The Granville Tillite Member, the middle part of the upper Granville Formation, is late Ediacaran in age. Maximum depositional ages of the pre- and syn-glacial sedimentary deposits obtained by LA-ICP-MS U–Pb detrital zircon dating indicate a maximum age of 561 ± 3 Ma. Combined with geochronological data on the previously described glacial deposits in Cadomia, West Africa, Arabia and Iran, the Granville Tillite Member appears to represent an Upper Ediacaran Glacial Period in northern peri-Gondwana, clearly younger than thec. 580 Ma old Gaskiers glaciation. Detailed mapping and analysis of the depositional regime of two sections near the city of Granville are indicative of two independent glaciomarine lower and upper tillite deposits separated by a distinct conglomeratic marker horizon, evidently a massive gravel beach horizon deposited during an interglacial stage. Age spectra of detrital zircon U–Pb ages constrain the palaeogeographical position of the upper Granville Formation to the periphery of the West African Craton. Post-Gaskiers aged glaciations in Cadomia and in West Africa should be grouped into an Upper Ediacaran Glacial Period dated atc. 565 Ma. This glacial period seems not to be related to the negative δ13C Shuram–Wonoka anomaly. Sedimentary deposits formed during the Upper Ediacaran Glacial Period show a scattered distribution along the marginal orogens of the Gondwana supercontinent independent of palaeolatitude and are coupled most likely to contemporaneous orogenic processes and uplift.
Predictors of parasite and pathogen infections in urban rodents of central Argentina
Authors: Fitte B. , Cavia R. , Robles M. del Rosario , Dellarupe A. , Unzaga J.M. , Navone G.T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUrban rodents are associated with parasites and pathogens, which present health risks for humans, but information on factors related to parasite and pathogen infection in rodents in cities of Latin America is scarce. This study analyzes the hosts, host community structure and environmental characteristics of parasite and pathogen fauna present in the three species of urban rodents in an urban area of South America. Rodents were captured seasonally in seven different neighborhoods. Digestive tracts were dissected under stereoscopic microscopy and feces were processed using a sedimentation technique. Protozoa and bacteria were detected through polymerase chain reaction and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. InRattus norvegicus,Rattus rattusandMus musculus, ten helminths, three protozoa and two bacteria were found. Six were zoonotic:Toxoplasma gondii;Hymenolepis diminuta;Rodentolepis nana;Strobilocercus fasciolaris;Leptospira borgpetersenii; andLeptospira interrogans. The parasite and pathogen infections were influenced by the host species, the host community structure, the season, and the presence of streams in the neighborhood. Urban rodents may be the infection source of many zoonotic diseases and it is important to generate public policies for this problem. This study is one example of the situation of many cities of Latin America, where peripheral neighborhoods are growing dramatically.
Informing patient choice and service planning in surgical voice restoration: valve usage over three years in a UK head and neck cancer unit
Authors: McLachlan K , Hurren A , Owen S , Miller N 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the number, reasons and costs of surgical voice restoration related tracheoesophageal valve attendances over 36 months at a head and neck oncology unit.MethodDemographic, medical and valve related details from all patient contacts were recorded, including self-change information, urgent appointment information, modifications required and costs of prostheses.ResultsOver 3 years, 99 patients underwent 970 valve changes. The main reasons for changes were central leakage, prophylactic change and self-change at home. Changes were significantly more frequent in the first 12 months (mean, 42 days) compared with longstanding patients (mean, 109.96). Intervals between changes were unpredictable; no predictive factors reached statistical significance. Mean expenditure on valves was £966.63 per week (including value added tax and in-house customisation).ConclusionValve lifespan is comparable with outcomes in similar units despite more pre-emptive and patient-led changes and more comprehensive data inclusion. Investigation into how patient satisfaction and costs relate to valve selection and units’ service delivery models is needed.
‘He Saw Heaven Opened’: Heavenly Temple and Universal Mission in Luke-Acts
Authors: Moore Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNumerous scholars have argued that in Luke-Acts the location of sacred space or divine presence passes from the Jerusalem temple to Jesus, Christian believers, or both; in Acts, this transfer is understood as integral to the universal mission. The present article argues that such studies overlook the important motif of heaven as temple, which plays a role in Jesus’ trial and crucifixion and the Stephen and Cornelius episodes. Using Edward Soja's spatial theory, previous studies’ binary categorisation of temple space is critiqued. The heavenly temple disrupts and reconstitutes understandings of sacred space, and thus undergirds the universal spread of the Way.
Being Emmanuel: Matthew's Ever-Present Jesus?
Authors: Bockmuehl Markus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmong the New Testament Gospels, Matthew most emphatically stresses the continued presence of Jesus throughout his ministry and with his disciples after Easter. This is despite sensitivity to the challenge of the cross and experiences of absence or deprivation. Structurally, the Gospel develops this affirmation in relation to the narrative of Jesus’ birth and incarnation, to his ministry, to the governance of the Christian community in its apostolic mission to Israel and the nations. Matthew never quite articulates how this continued presence actually works, whether in spatial or sacramental or pneumatological terms. And yet the emphatic correlation of ‘Jesus’ and ‘Emmanuel’ confirms that each is constituted by the other: being ‘God with us’ (Matt 1.23) means precisely to ‘save his people’ (1.21), and vice versa.
GPR120 agonist ameliorated insulin resistance and improved ovarian function
Authors: Liu Yang , Ding Jiayi , Tan Xiaofang , Shen Ya , Xu Li , Li Tingting , Ma Weiwei , Wu Jinting 
Published: December 2021

SummaryGPR120 is implicated in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the role of GPR120 in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). With the adoption of dehydroepiandrosterone, a rat model was established to simulate PCOS in vitro. mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR120 were measured using RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. In addition, expression levels of testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were assessed using the corresponding kits. Moreover, haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect pathological changes in ovary or liver and oil red staining was utilized to evaluate lipid accumulation. In the present study, GPR120 was downregulated in plasma, liver and ovary in the PCOS rat model. In addition, the GPR120 agonist regulated lipid metabolism in the liver and weight in the PCOS rat model. Furthermore, the GPR120 agonist decreased insulin resistance in the PCOS rat model but improved the ovarian function. It is suggested that GPR120 plays a vital role in suppressing insulin resistance, regulating ovary function and decreasing lipid accumulation in the liver, demonstrating that targeting GPR120 could be an effective method for the improvement of PCOS.
Genetic and non-genetic effects associated with ewe productivity in Harnali sheep
Authors: Gaur Parth , Malik Z. S. , Bangar Yogesh C. , Magotra Ankit , Yadav A. S. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe objective of the current study was to estimate the genetic parameters for ewe productivity traits of Harnali sheep by examining non-genetic effects. The data records of 440 animals born to 85 sires and 259 dams were collected with respect to various traits such as litter size at birth (LSB), litter weight at birth (LWB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter weight at weaning (LWW) and age at first lambing (AFL) for the period of 2001 to 2020. Genetic parameters were estimated by fitting a series of animal models using an average information restricted maximum likelihood (REML) algorithm in WOMBAT software. Least-squares analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) influences of period of lambing, age and weight of ewe at lambing on the studied traits. These results indicated that heavier ewes had significantly higher (P < 0.05) values of litter weight traits than their counterparts. On the basis of likelihood ratio test, the estimates of direct heritability under best model for AFL, LSB, LWB, LSW and LWW were 0.06, 0.18, 0.09, 0.07 and 0.16, respectively. Maternal permanent environment effect made a significant contribution to the LSB trait (0.20). The genetic correlation between litter size and LWW was negative, while the remaining correlations were positive. The present results suggest that selection based on ewe productivity traits will result in low genetic progress and therefore the management role is more important for better gains.
Dead space ratio as a tool in nitric oxide weaning: a study in pulmonary hypertensive disease
Authors: Garcia Alvaro D. , Liu Wei , Agarwal Hemant , Hanna William J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectives:To describe the association between successful weaning of inhaled nitric oxide and trends in dead space ratio during such weans in patients empirically initiated on nitric oxide therapy out of concern of pulmonary hypertensive crisis.Patients:Children in a cardiac intensive care unit initiated on inhaled nitric oxide out of clinical concern for pulmonary hypertensive crisis retrospectively over 2 years.Measurements and Main Results:Twenty-seven patients were included, and nitric oxide was successfully discontinued in 23/27. These patients exhibited decreases in dead space ratio (0.18 versus 0.11, p = 0.047) during nitric oxide weaning, and with no changes in dead space ratio between pre- and post-nitric oxide initiation (p = 0.88) and discontinuation (p = 0.63) phases. These successful patients had a median age of 10 months [4.0, 57.0] and had a pre-existent diagnosis of CHD in 6/23 and pulmonary hypertension in 2/23. Those who failed nitric oxide discontinuation trended with a higher dead space ratio at presentation (0.24 versus 0.10), were more likely to carry a prior diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (50% versus 8.7%), and had longer mechanical ventilation days (5 versus 12).Conclusions:Patients empirically placed on nitric oxide out of concern of pulmonary hypertensive crisis and successfully weaned off showed unchanged or decreased dead space ratio throughout the initiation to discontinuation phases of nitric oxide therapy. Trends in dead space ratio may aid in determining true need for nitric oxide and facilitate effective weaning. Further studies are needed to directly compare trends between success and failure groups.
Are the Forecasts of Professionals Compatible with the Taylor Rule? Evidence from the Euro Area
Authors: Czudaj Robert L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines if professional forecasters form their expectations regarding the policy rate of the European Central Bank (ECB) consistent with the Taylor rule. In doing so, we assess micro-level data including individual forecasts for the ECB main refinancing operations rate as well as inflation and gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the Euro Area. Our results indicate that professionals indeed form their expectations in line with the Taylor rule. However, this connection has diminished over time, especially after the policy rate hit the zero lower bound. In addition, we also find a relationship between forecasters’ disagreement regarding the policy rate of the ECB and disagreement on future GDP growth, which disappears when controlling for monetary policy shocks proxied by changes in the policy rate in the quarter the forecasts are made.
The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts: 2. A New Conceptual Model
Authors: Mittal Tushar , Richards Mark A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContinental flood basalts intruded and erupted millions of km3of magma over ∼1–5 Ma. Previous work proposed the presence of large (–106 km3) crustal magma reservoirs to feed these eruptions. However, in Paper I, we illustrated that this model is inconsistent with observations, by combining eruptive rate constraints with geochemical and geophysical observations from the Deccan Traps and other Continental flood basalt provinces (CFBs). Here, we use a new mechanical magma reservoir model to calculate the variation of eruptive fluxes (km3/year) and volumes for different magmatic architectures. We find that a single magma reservoir cannot explain the eruptive rate and duration constraints for CFBs. Using a 1D thermal model and characteristic timescales for magma reservoirs, we conclude that CFB eruptions were likely fed by a number of interconnected small‐medium (∼102–103 km3) magma reservoirs. It is unlikely that each individual magma reservoir participated in every eruption, thus permitting the occasional formation of large xenocrysts (e.g., megacrystic plagioclase). This magmatic architecture permits (a) large volume eruptive episodes with 10–100s of years duration, and (b) relatively short time‐periods separating eruptive episodes (1000s of years) since multiple mechanisms can trigger eruptions (via magma recharge or volatile exsolution, as opposed to long term (105–106 year) accumulation of buoyancy overpressure), and (c) lack of large upper‐crustal intrusive bodies in various geophysical datasets. Our new proposed magmatic architecture has significant implications for the tempo of CFB volatile release (CO2and SO2), potentially helping explain the pre‐K‐Pg warming associated with Deccan Traps.
Intranasal oxytocin administration impacts the acquisition and consolidation of trauma-associated memories: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled experimental study in healthy women
Authors: Schultebraucks Katharina , Maslahati Tolou , Wingenfeld Katja , Hellmann-Regen Julian , Kraft Julia , Kownatzki Maureen , Behnia Behnoush , Ripke Stephan , Otte Christian , Roepke Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntrusive memories are a hallmark symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and oxytocin has been implicated in the formation of intrusive memories. This study investigates how oxytocin influences the acquisition and consolidation of trauma-associated memories and whether these effects are influenced by individual neurobiological and genetic differences. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 220 healthy women received either a single dose of intranasal 24IU oxytocin or a placebo before exposure to a trauma film paradigm that solicits intrusive memories. We used a “general random forest” machine learning approach to examine whether differences in the noradrenergic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders, and genetic polymorphism of the oxytocin receptor influence the effect of oxytocin on the acquisition and consolidation of intrusive memories. Oxytocin induced significantly more intrusive memories than placebo did (t(188.33) = 2.12, p = 0.035, Cohen’s d = 0.30, 95% CI 0.16–0.44). As hypothesized, we found that the effect of oxytocin on intrusive memories was influenced by biological covariates, such as salivary cortisol, heart rate variability, and PTSD polygenic risk scores. The five factors that were most relevant to the oxytocin effect on intrusive memories were included in a Poisson regression, which showed that, besides oxytocin administration, higher polygenic loadings for PTSD and major depressive disorder were directly associated with a higher number of reported intrusions after exposure to the trauma film stressor. These results suggest that intranasal oxytocin amplifies the acquisition and consolidation of intrusive memories and that this effect is modulated by neurobiological and genetic factors. Trial registration: NCT03031405.
Self assembling cluster crystals from DNA based dendritic nanostructures
Authors: Stiakakis Emmanuel , Jung Niklas , Adžić Nataša , Balandin Taras , Kentzinger Emmanuel , Rücker Ulrich , Biehl Ralf , Dhont Jan K. G. , Jonas Ulrich , Likos Christos N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCluster crystals are periodic structures with lattice sites occupied by several, overlapping building blocks, featuring fluctuating site occupancy, whose expectation value depends on thermodynamic conditions. Their assembly from atomic or mesoscopic units is long-sought-after, but its experimental realization still remains elusive. Here, we show the existence of well-controlled soft matter cluster crystals. We fabricate dendritic-linear-dendritic triblock composed of a thermosensitive water-soluble polymer and nanometer-scale all-DNA dendrons of the first and second generation. Conclusive small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) evidence reveals that solutions of these triblock at sufficiently high concentrations undergo a reversible phase transition from a cluster fluid to a body-centered cubic (BCC) cluster crystal with density-independent lattice spacing, through alteration of temperature. Moreover, a rich concentration-temperature phase diagram demonstrates the emergence of various ordered nanostructures, including BCC cluster crystals, birefringent cluster crystals, as well as hexagonal phases and cluster glass-like kinetically arrested states at high densities.