bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LUNG COMPLIANCE AND LUNG VOLUME MEASURED CONCURRENTLY IN NORMAL FULL-TERM AND PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Chu Josephine S. , Dawson Peter , Klaus Marshall , Sweet Avron Y. 
Published: December 2021

Lung compliance and functional residual capacity have been measured simultaneously, using a body plethysmograph, in 35 full-term and 29 premature infants. The results suggest the following conclusions:
1. Lung compliance increases in the early hours of life, while no significant change of FRC is demonstrated. This may reflect a true alteration of lung tissue properties.
2. Specific lung compliance in full-term infants older than 24 hours of age is similar to that of older children and young adults.
3. Premature infants have a larger FRC/kg of body weight than full-term infants, but, when lung weight is used as the basis for comparison, the FRC in infants of all weights is similar.
4. In evaluating infants with the respiratory distress syndrome, one should be aware of the small specific lung compliance noted in full-term infants younger than 3 hours of age.
DISACCHARIDASES OF INTESTINAL MUCOSA IN A PATIENT WITH SUCROSE INTOLERANCE
Authors: Launiala Kari , Perheentupa Jaakko , Visakorpi Jarmo , Hallman Niilo 
Published: December 2021

A thorough clinical and enzymological study is reported in a patient suffering from typical sucrose intolerance. In addition to sucrose intolerance, a subclinical intolerance of maltose was demonstrated.
Enzyme assay in a specimen of duodenal mucosa obtained by peroral tube biopsy revealed decreased activities of isomaltase, sucrase, and maltase. The assay was repeated following a three-month period on a sucrose-free diet with identical results.
In the light of these findings the present information on intestinal α-glucosidases is discussed. The authors suggest that sucrose intolerance is due to a defect of one mucosal enzyme, the various α-glucosidase activities of which are differently affected by heat.
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN PERSONS RESIDING IN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Authors: Beem Marc , Egerer Rosalie , Anderson Julia 
Published: December 2021

The R.S. virus neutralization test was examined in terms of several factors bearing on the consistency and specificity of antibody response to a single strain (Randall) of this virus. It was found that this virus detected significant rises in antibody titer in 90% of 30 patients over 6 months of age who were infected with wild strains of R.S. virus between the years 1958 and 1962. Heterologous neutralizing antibodies to R.S. virus did not occur following human infections with various myxoviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses and herpesvirus. Indirect evidence was presented indicating that tile neutralizing activity of human serums is due to specific antibody and not due to non-specific, heat stable neutralizing substance.
The titer of R.S. neutralizing antibodies was determined in the serums of 26 parturient mothers, and their 27 newborn babies, and 186 other individuals between the ages of 6 months and 69 years. Longitudinal observations of antibody titer were also conducted on 12 other infants. Neutralizing antibodies to R.S. virus were found to reach the term fetus at undiminished titer. In the longitudinal observations, serum neutralizing antibody titers were found to fall during the first months of life, decreasing by half in an average time of 43 days. Neutralizing antibodies, actively formed in response to R.S. virus infection, were observed to occur with rapidly increasing frequency in relation to age in subjects older than 6 months.
These serologic findings indicated that among individuals residing in the metropolitan Chicago area, R.S. virus infection has been experienced by many during the first 2 years of life, most by school age, and all by 7 years of age. Geometric mean antibody titers were found to show a small, but probably significant, increase with age. The restriction of low titer reactors to pre-school children was noted. These serologic findings were interpreted as evidence that re-infections with R.S. virus occur, perhaps quite commonly.
Abbrevations and the Subject Matter of Pediatrics
Authors: BOLDUAN NILS W. 
Published: December 2021

It is becoming increasingly difficult to enjoy reading and attempting to learn when the printed page is overrun by a host of upper and lower case abbreviations. The straw, or rather the leaf that broke this camel's back was "Figlu" in an article by Gross, Keefer, and Newman, pages 315 to 323 in the September, 1964, issue of Pediatrics.
I can see the necessity for chopping so formidable a term as formimino-glutamic acid into its parts. However, Figlu might be read by some as a shortened form of fig-glue, and since the article deals with platelets (a form of glue) a discussion of Figlu might be quite appropriate.
The Use of Glucagon-Gel in Idiopathic Spontaneous Hypoglycemia of Infancy
Authors: FRASIER S. DOUGLAS , SMITH FRED G. , NASH ANDREA 
Published: December 2021

The response of idiopathic spontaneous hypoglycemia of infancy and childhood to therapy is variable. There is no single therapeutic agent which will uniformly maintain blood sugar concentration in the normal range in these patients. It has been suggested that a long-acting glucagon preparation may be of value when idiopathic spontaneous hypoglycemia is refractory to control by diet, corticosteroids, ACTH, ephedrine, or various combinations of these agents. It is the purpose of this paper to report our experiences with glucagon in maintaining the blood sugar concentration of a patient with idiopathic spontaneous hypoglycemia.
Case Report
History and Physical Examination: A 6-month-old Mexican-American boy was evaluated for convulsions which had begun at 2½ months of age.
VI. THE INTERRELATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT LUNG TESTS
Authors: DeMuth George R. , Hill Bruce M. , Howatt William F. 
Published: December 2021

1. The data from a variety of pulmonary function tests on 101 subjects who participated in a longitudinal study were analyzed to determine the interrelations of the tests. The data were first adjusted for body size (height) so that the effects of changing size did not overwhelm the other relations. To 10 variables from these studies were added 3 non-pulmonary ones. The 13 variables are as follows: vital capacity, functional residual capacity, diffusing capacity, peak expiratory flow rate, peak inspiratory flow rate, the E50 flow rate, the 2' N2 clearance, the oxygen equilibration index, the single-breath oxygen test, the AP diameter of the chest, and indices of the intelligence, reading ability, and body strength.
2. The first two of four distinct axes obtained in the factor analysis by the varimax rotation help to gain insight into the correlations found. The first axis suggests that in addition to the variation in lung volume associated with sex and body size (height) there is a lung volume variation which involves both the vital capacity and functional residual capacity and carries with it the diffusing capacity, the thoracic cage size, and to a certain extent the peak inspiratory flow rate. The second axis is closely related to the flow rates and less so to the oxygen equilibration index. The pattern is similar to that seen in obstructive defects. For the other two axes the meanings are less clear, but the patterns are provocative.
3. Other interesting correlations are those of strength (grip quotient) with the 2'N2 clearance and with the E50 and that of the intelligence with peak flow rates.
HUMAN SERUM PRECIPITINS TO GOAT'S MILK PROTEINS AND TO COW'S MILK PROTEINS
Authors: Lee Melvin 
Published: December 2021

Antigenic relationships of cow's milk, cow's serum, goat's milk, and goat's serum were studied, using techniques of agar double-diffusion, DEAE-cellulose fractionation of milk proteins, and human sera containing precipitins to cow's milk. Immunologically similar proteins are present in goat's serum and cow's serum, and evidence is presented for the occurrence of crossreacting antigenic serum proteins in milk of both species. However, the samples of milk also contain other proteins, unreleated to serum proteins, which react with rabbit and human antisera.
Several human sera which contained antibodies to cow's milk were studied. Antibodies to goat's milk could be demonstrated in most of these, and to cow's serum and goat's serum in some of them. No precipitin lines were formed when rabbit or human sera were tested against commercial evaporated goat's milk, although precipitin lines were formed with reconstituted commercial dried goat's milk.
Milk samples were separated into 16 fractions by column chromatographic procedures and tested against human sera. One serum sample contained antibodies only to whey proteins while two other sera contained antibodies to all 16 fractions in both cow's milk and goat's milk.
Nasal Glioma
Authors: JAMIESON KENNETH G. 
Published: December 2021

An intranasal glioma presenting at birth as a readily visible polyp without any evidence of nasal deformity is an uncommon lesion. The purpose of this report is to record one such case in which the site of attachment of the glioma to the brain was studied at operation.
Case Report
On the day after his birth, August 26, 1958, a boy (A.R.) was referred to the Brisbane Children's Hospital with a provisional diagnosis of nasal encephalocoele. A reddish fleshy lump was to be seen just within the left nostril. There was no other evidence of nasal abnormality, and, in particular, the nasal bridge was normal.
Psychological Benefit from Hospitalization?
Authors: BERGMAN ABRAHAM B. 
Published: December 2021

Vernon and Schulman's desire to collect more precise information about reactions of children to hospitalization is laudable (Pediatrics, 34:694, 1964), but their cause is not served by the data they present. Clinical research usually follows clinical observations. Perhaps a reason that hospitalization as a source of psychological benefit to preschool children has been neglected in previous studies is that it rarely is seen clinically.
In their study, children's behaviour following hospitalization was not observed but rather parents' reports of their perceptions of behaviour
Essentials of Paediatric Cardiology
Authors: SCOTT LEWIS P. 
Published: December 2021

It is the intention of the author to provide a precise, general review of pediatric cardiology for the student, generalist, and pediatrician. The book is not intended to be a definitive text on the subject.
The author's excellent approach to the physical diagnosis of heart disease in children largely reflects the teaching of the late Dr. Paul Wood to whom the author gives appropriate acknowledgment. The discussion of individual lesions, however, is scanty, and the severity or natural history of the various lesions cannot be determined from the material presented in the text. Virtually no statistical data are presented.
Medical Aspects of Mental Retardation
Authors: LAVECK GERALD D. 
Published: December 2021

It is the purpose of this publication to present systematically in a single volume pertinent medical knowledge and recent biomedical advances in mental retardation. Although planned to aid the busy physician in diagnosing this disability and counseling parents, the book is also intended for medical students and scientists interested in this problem. Topics covered include genetics, metabolic defects, malformations, infections, injury, endocrine disorders, new growths, and other medical aspects of this handicapping condition.
Over thirty authors, many of whom are recognized authorities in the field, have contributed to this volume.
RADIOISOTOPE RENOGRAPHY IN CHILDREN. I. THE RENOGRAM IN CHILDREN WITHOUT RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Wenzl James E. , Tauxe W. Newlon , Burke Edmund C. , Hunt James C. , Stickler Gunnar B. 
Published: December 2021

Isotope renograms (ortho-iodohippurate-I were obtained from 30 children who had no evidence of renal disease. Determinations were made by a standardized technique with the subjects in a state of relative dehydration; in 15 children the renogram was repeated under conditions of hydration (14 children) or further dehydration (1 child).
Values for the point of initial peak (point A), point of maximal radioactivity (point B), and the differences between these points (B-A) were calculated. These values were plotted arithmetically against surface area to obtain regression lines and estimates of the variability of the observations about the line. The time from appearance of radioactivity to peak radioactivity was calculated and found to fall into a relatively narrow range.
Similar attempts to correlate mathematically the height of timed segments of the decreasing slope of the renogram with surface area were successful in children with a body surface area of 1.15 m2 or greater. The state of hydration appeared to influence the excretory slope of the renogram; this effect was most pronounced in children whose total body surface area was less than 1.15 m2.
PSYCHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE CHILD WITH INTERSEX PROBLEMS
Authors: Money John 
Published: December 2021

Psychosexual differentiation is a function of age. Therefore, the weight to be given it in hermaphroditic sex-assignment decisions is also a function of age. Psychosexual differentiation roughly parallels language differentiation and both are dependent on social stimulation and experience. By kindergarten age the critical period has been passed and the psychosexual identity, though not fully mature, fixed.
Psychosexual identity may contradict chromosomal, gonadal, or hormonal sex. It more generally agrees with the external genital morphology and the assigned sex. Rarely, psychosexual identity and assigned sex are discrepant, in which case a sex assignment is feasible in later childhood or adolescence. Otherwise, sex reassignment is for the most part contraindicated. It is not obligatory that assigned sex should agree with chromosomal or gonadal sex, but it should agree with external morphology, surgically corrected, and with hormonal sex correctly regulated at puberty.
THE HANDLING OF SOYA ALPHA-GALACTOSIDES BY A NORMAL AND A GALACTOSEMIC CHILD
Authors: Gitzelmann Richard , Auricchio Salvatore 
Published: December 2021

1. No alpha-galactosidase activity in homogenates of human small intestinal mucosa was demonstrated either with stachyose, raffinose, or melibiose.
2. In a healthy child, oral raffinose and melibiose loads failed to produce changes in blood glucose, blood galactose, or red cell galactose-1-phosphate. Trace amounts of either saccharide were excreted in the urine. Following the raffinose load, diarrhea occurred and raffinose and melibiose as well as their hydrolysis products were found in the feces.
3. In a galactosemic patient, red cell galactose-1-phosphate rose as expected after ingestion of 2 gm of galactose. No such rise was seen after administration of equivalent and of double equivalent amounts of stachyose. Prolonged dietary supplementation with raffinose did not significantly alter non-fasting erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate.
4. It is concluded that soybean formulas are generally safe for galactosemic infants; however, caution is advised for patients suffering from diarrhea.
A PEDIATRIC HOME CARE PROGRAM IN LONDON—TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE
Authors: Bergman A. B. , Shrand H. , Oppé T. E. 
Published: December 2021

RECENT YEARS have seen a resurgence of interest in organized Home Care programs as a variety of factors have spurred the search for alternatives to hospital care. Chief among them has been the economic burden of spiraling hospital costs.
Many programs have been devised to enable chronically ill persons in the older age group—the "home-bound" geriatric patient—to be supervised in their own homes. There are, however, special reasons for attempting to control the admission of children to hospitals. Illness is a time when a child becomes more dependent than usual and seems to need the security of parents and the comfort of familiar home environment. Even though enlightened hospitals now encourage visiting, many parents cannot take advantage of this for such reasons as distance and having to care for the other children at home. There is debate as to the amount of emotional harm caused by hospitalization of small children; most workers would say it does no good, and, in some cases, can lead to serious sequelae.
The Home Care Program for sick children at St. Mary's Hospital in London was started in April, 1954. One of us (A.B.B.) had the opportunity of participating in this program in 1961 while serving as an Exchange Registrar from Children's Hospital (Boston). It is felt that even though conditions in the United States and Great Britain may be different, there are enough similarities to make a descriptive account of the program of interest to American physicians.
The Development of Home Care Schemes
Historically, doctors looked after the sick in their own homes when private fees could be afforded.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: Charash Leon 
Published: December 2021

A group of 21 patients with muscular dystrophy, 17 of them boys with the pseudohypertrophic form, were treated with a regimen including the use of an anabolic steroid, digitoxin, and physical exercise. This program had previously been reported to be efficacious.
One year after the initiation of treatment all patients in the present study were significantly worse. None showed any change which could be interpreted as representing improvement. Five boys displayed rather rapid progression of the disease leading to loss of ambulation.
Physicians at eight other centers, with experience in trials of identical therapy in approximately 300 patients, report no evidence of any objective benefit from the use of this steroid therapy in muscular dystrophy.
Eosinophilia and Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: HUNTLEY CAROLYN C. , COSTAS MARGARITA C. 
Published: December 2021

While studying a group of children with the visceral larva migrans syndrome we encountered in the patient group a child with agammaglobulinemia. This child, in spite of an almost complete absence of immune globulins, exhibited the massive eosinophilia characteristic of the tissue phase of helminth infections.
Case Report
L.C.S., a 16-month-old Puerto Rican boy, was admitted to the University Hospital in San Juan on February 19, 1963, because of fever, wheezing and cough of 3 weeks' duration. His past history revealed chronic diarrhea and episodes of purulent conjunctivitis, otitis, and pneumonia. Pica had been noted for 5 months, and dogs, cats, pigs, and cows were present near the child's play area.
HEMIHYPERTROPHY
Authors: Ringrose Robert E. , Jabbour J. T. , Keele Doman K. 
Published: December 2021

A case of hemihypertrophy with many manifestations of a congenital neurocutaneous syndrome is presented; the previously reported cases of hemihypertrophy are reviewed and tabulated with many of their accompanying characteristics. The [See Table IV. in Source Pdf.] etiological hypotheses for hemihypertrophy that have been postulated in the literature are listed.
The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Navy nor the Department of Defense.
THYROID DISEASE AMONG CHILDREN WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME (MONGOLISM)
Authors: Hayles Alvin B. , Hinrichs Ward L. , Tauxe W. Newlon 
Published: December 2021

Observations on two mongoloid children, one having primary hypothyroidism and the other having primary hyperthyroidism, have been reported. Primary hypothyroidism in the mongoloid child, in each of the three cases reported to date, has been associated with uterine bleeding attributed to hormonal overlap in the pituitary feedback mechanism. The significance of this phenomenon is not clean. A total of sixteen cases of mongolism with hyperthyroidism have been described. There is no evidence that altered thyroid function plays a role in the clinical manifestations of mongolism, and significant alteration in thyroid function is uncommon among such patients.
Both of the carrier protein systems responded to the stresses of the superimposed disease processes in these mongoloid children as they do in normal children. Specifically, the values for the erythrocytic uptake of 1-I131-triiodothyronine and thyroxine and the triiodothynonine binding capacities (Case 2 only) were all in the expected ranges for both thyroid derangements involved.
Similarly, in Case 2, where an iron-deficiency anemia was also present, the increase in the iron binding capacity and presumably in the level of transferrin was on the order of that to be expected for the degree of iron deficiency.
The response to stress of both carrier protein systems in Down's Syndrome suggests that protein synthesis of transferrin and TBG is normal.
Editor's Note
Authors: Cotton Ernest K. , Kelminson Leslie L. 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Cotton and Kelminson commented s follows:
We have measured pulmonary capillary blood flow in the following situations: prior to any therapy, when 100% oxygen was being administered alone, following the IV administration of sodium bicarbonate by push, and following the use of Pniscoline through an umbilical vein catheter placed in the inferior vena cava with the patient breathing 100% oxygen. The greatest increase in pulmonary blood flow occurred with the combination of Priscoline and 100% oxygen; sodium bicarbonate was less effective while 100% oxygen caused the least increase in pulmonary capillary blood flow.
COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN BASIC ANTIBIOTICS AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN HUMAN PULMONARY SECRETIONS
Authors: Potter Joseph L. , Matthews LeRoy W. , Spector Samuel , Lemm Joy 
Published: December 2021

1. Complex formation and precipitation of DNA by neomycin, with consequent inactivation of the antibiotic, has been shown to occur in the pulmonary secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis.
2. Highly polymerized DNA from a variety of sources, as well as two samples of RNA, were precipitated by neomycin in vitro. Polymixin, kanamycin, colymycin, and streptomycin similarly co-precipitate with DNA in vitro.
3. The minimum chain length of polynucleotide required for precipitation in the DNA-neomycin system was 10.
4. The complex is readily attacked by DNase I resulting in the splitting of the DNA and the liberation of the antibiotic. Both components of the complex are solubilized in M sodium chloride.
5. The resistance of purulent foci of infection to therapy with basic antimicrobial agents may, in part, be due to the complex formation with the high levels of DNA found at the site of infection.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: NAEYE RICHARD L. 
Published: December 2021

We would like to respond to each of Dr. Gruenwald's points.
1. We have recalculated our organ data using Dr. Gruenwald's score 0 standards. This change in standards does not significantly change any of our findings.
3. Dr. Gruenwald suggests that we used organ measurements without attention to the circumstances under which they were collected. In one institution, all organ weights were recorded under the supervision of a pathologist having a special interest in such measurements.
Caring for Your Disabled Child
Authors: DELEMOS ROBERT 
Published: December 2021

At a first glance, Dr. Spock's most recent effort appears to be a collection of self-evident facts, well-worn clichés and repetitions—the reader has the feeling that he has heard all of this before.
However, when the reviewer reread the opening sentences and realized that the text is aimed, not at the pediatrician or trained worker in the field, but at the guilty, anxious, and often desperate parent, then the full value of this work became apparent.