bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow accelerated corrosion and erosion−corrosion behavior of marine carbon steel in natural seawater
Authors: Xu Yunze , Zhang Qiliang , Zhou Qipiao , Gao Shan , Wang Bin , Wang Xiaona , Huang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) and erosion−corrosion of marine carbon steel in natural seawater were electrochemically studied using a submerged impingement jet system. Results show that the formation of a relatively compact rust layer in flowing natural seawater would lead to the FAC pattern change from ‘flow marks’ to pits. The increase of the flow velocity was found to have a negligible influence on the FAC rate at velocities of 5−8 m s−1. The synergy of mechanical erosion and electrochemical corrosion is the main contributor to the total steel loss under erosion−corrosion. The increase of the sand impact energy could induce the pitting damage and accelerate the steel degradation. The accumulation of the rust inside the pits could facilitate the longitudinal growth of the pits, however, the accumulated rusts retard the erosion of the pit bottom. The erosion and corrosion could work together to cause the steel peeling at the pit boundary. The steel degradation would gradually change from corrosion-dominated to erosion-dominated along with the impact energy increasing.
Quasi-one-dimensional superconductivity in the pressurized charge-density-wave conductor HfTe3
Authors: Liu Z. Y. , Li J. , Zhang J. F. , Li J. , Yang P. T. , Zhang S. , Chen G. F. , Uwatoko Y. , Yang H. X. , Sui Y. , Liu K. , Cheng J.-G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHfTe3 single crystal undergoes a charge-density-wave (CDW) transition at TCDW = 93 K without the appearance of superconductivity (SC) down to 50 mK at ambient pressure. Here, we determined its CDW vector q = 0.91(1) a* + 0.27(1) c* via low-temperature transmission electron microscope and then performed comprehensive high-pressure transport measurements along three major crystallographic axes. Our results indicate that the superconducting pairing starts to occur within the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) -Te2-Te3- chain at 4–5 K but the phase coherence between the superconducting chains cannot be realized along either the b- or c-axis down to at least 1.4 K, giving rise to an extremely anisotropic SC rarely seen in real materials. We have discussed the prominent Q1D SC in pressurized HfTe3 in terms of the anisotropic Fermi surfaces arising from the unidirectional Te-5px electronic states and the local pairs formed along the -Te2-Te3- chains based on the first-principles electronic structure calculations.
In situ formation of ZnOx species for efficient propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhao Dan , Tian Xinxin , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Han Shanlei , Kondratenko Vita A. , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Perechodjuk Anna , Vuong Thanh Huyen , Rabeah Jabor , Eckelt Reinhard , Rodemerck Uwe , Linke David , Jiang Guiyuan , Jiao Haijun , Kondratenko Evgenii V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPropane dehydrogenation (PDH) to propene is an important alternative to oil-based cracking processes, to produce this industrially important platform chemical1,2. The commercial PDH technologies utilizing Cr-containing (refs. 3,4) or Pt-containing (refs. 5–8) catalysts suffer from the toxicity of Cr(vi) compounds or the need to use ecologically harmful chlorine for catalyst regeneration9. Here, we introduce a method for preparation of environmentally compatible supported catalysts based on commercial ZnO. This metal oxide and a support (zeolite or common metal oxide) are used as a physical mixture or in the form of two layers with ZnO as the upstream layer. Supported ZnOx species are in situ formed through a reaction of support OH groups with Zn atoms generated from ZnO upon reductive treatment above 550 °C. Using different complementary characterization methods, we identify the decisive role of defective OH groups for the formation of active ZnOx species. For benchmarking purposes, the developed ZnO–silicalite-1 and an analogue of commercial K–CrOx/Al2O3 were tested in the same setup under industrially relevant conditions at close propane conversion over about 400 h on propane stream. The developed catalyst reveals about three times higher propene productivity at similar propene selectivity.
Comparative analysis of the diagnostic performance of five commercial COVID-19 qRT PCR kits used in India
Authors: Singh J. , Yadav A. K. , Pakhare A. , Kulkarni P. , Lokhande L. , Soni P. , Dadheech M. , Gupta P. , Masarkar N. , Maurya A. K. , Nema S. , Biswas D. , Singh S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo meet the unprecedented requirement of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2, a large number of diagnostic kits were authorized by concerned authorities for diagnostic use within a short period of time during the initial phases of the ongoing pandemic. We undertook this study to evaluate the inter-test agreement and other key operational features of 5 such commercial kits that have been extensively used in India for routine diagnostic testing for COVID-19. The five commercial kits were evaluated, using a panel of positive and negative respiratory samples, considering the kit provided by National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research (2019-nCoV Kit) as the reference. The positive panel comprised of individuals who fulfilled the 3 criteria of being clinically symptomatic, having history of contact with diagnosed cases and testing positive in the reference kit. The negative panel included both healthy and disease controls, the latter being drawn from individuals diagnosed with other respiratory viral infections. The same protocol of sample collection, same RNA extraction kit and same RT-PCR instrument were used for all the kits. Clinical samples were collected from a panel of 92 cases and 60 control patients, who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The control group included equal number of healthy individuals and patients infected with other respiratory viruses (n = 30, in each group). We observed varying sensitivity and specificity among the evaluated kits, with LabGun COVID-19 RT-PCR kit showing the highest sensitivity and specificity (94% and 100% respectively), followed by TaqPath COVID-19 Combo and Allplex 2019-nCoV assays. The extent of inter-test agreement was not associated with viral loads of the samples. Poor correlation was observed between Ct values of the same genes amplified using different kits. Our findings reveal the presence of wide heterogeneity and sub-optimal inter-test agreement in the diagnostic performance of the evaluated kits and hint at the need of adopting stringent standards for fulfilling the quality assurance requirements of the COVID-19 diagnostic process.
The structure and formation of giant Marimo (Aegagropila linnaei) in Lake Akan, Japan
Authors: Nakayama Keisuke , Komai Katsuaki , Ogata Keisuke , Yamada Toshiro , Sato Yukinobu , Sano Fumiya , Horii Shintarou , Somiya Yuichiro , Kumamoto Etsuko , Oyama Yoichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAegagropila linnaeiis a freshwater green alga, which at one time was distributed widely in the northern hemisphere. The aggregate often forms beautiful spherical shapes known as “lake balls” or “Marimo”. The population of Marimo has been rapidly decreasing worldwide, and today the large Marimo, with a diameter of more than 12 cm, exit only in Lake Akan in Japan. However, how Marimo grow and maintain their unique spherical shape in natural habitats remains unsolved. Here we show that Marimo are “polished” into spheres by the rotation induced by wind waves. Such a process enhances the water exchange between the interior and exterior of the Marimo, thereby recycling nutrients for growth. Our results provide an intriguing model of a physical environment interacting with biological processes in a self-sustaining ecosystem. We also demonstrate that Marimo have a spherical annual ring structure, and their growth rate is associated with ice cover. The balance between the ecology of Marimo and the water environment in Lake Akan is highly vulnerable and at risk of irreversible degradation. We must endeavor to rescue Marimo from the fate of a "canary in the coal mine" of global climate change.
ASKA technology-based pull-down method reveals a suppressive effect of ASK1 on the inflammatory NOD-RIPK2 pathway in brown adipocytes﻿
Authors: Takayanagi Saki , Watanabe Kengo , Maruyama Takeshi , Ogawa Motoyuki , Morishita Kazuhiro , Soga Mayumi , Hatta Tomohisa , Natsume Tohru , Hirano Tomoya , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Hattori Kazuki , Naguro Isao , Ichijo Hidenori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that adipose tissue is an immunological organ. While inflammation in energy-storing white adipose tissues has been the focus of intense research, the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in heat-producing brown adipose tissues remain largely unknown. We previously identified apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) as a critical regulator of brown adipocyte maturation; the PKA-ASK1-p38 axis facilitates uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) induction cell-autonomously. Here, we show that ASK1 suppresses an innate immune pathway and contributes to maintenance of brown adipocytes. We report a novel chemical pull-down method for endogenous kinases using analog sensitive kinase allele (ASKA) technology and identify an ASK1 interactor in brown adipocytes, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2). ASK1 disrupts the RIPK2 signaling complex and inhibits the NOD-RIPK2 pathway to downregulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. As a potential biological significance, an in vitro model for intercellular regulation suggests that ASK1 facilitates the expression of UCP1 through the suppression of inflammatory cytokine production. In parallel to our previous report on the PKA-ASK1-p38 axis, our work raises the possibility of an auxiliary role of ASK1 in brown adipocyte maintenance through neutralizing the thermogenesis-suppressive effect of the NOD-RIPK2 pathway.
A randomized cross-over trial investigating differences in 24-h personal air and skin temperatures using wearable sensors between two climatologically contrasting settings
Authors: Constantinou Andria , Oikonomou Stavros , Konstantinou Corina , Makris Konstantinos C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe influence of elevated air temperatures recorded in various urban microenvironments in adversely impacting biologically relevant disease end points has not yet been extensively tackled. This study is a post hoc analysis of the TEMP pilot trial, a randomized 2 × 2 cross-over trial that examined changes in metabolic and stress hormonal profiles of healthy adults in two settings (urban vs. rural) with distinctly different climatological characteristics during the Mediterranean summer. This analysis aimed to study the association between the 24-h personal air or skin temperature sensor measurements and the diary-based location type (indoors vs. outdoors) in urban (seaside) vs. rural (higher in altitude) microenvironments. Out of 41 eligible participants, a total of 37 participants were included in this post-hoc TEMP trial analysis. Wearable sensors recorded personal air temperature, skin temperature, and activity (as a surrogate marker of physical activity) in each setting, while a time-stamped personal diary recorded the types of indoor or outdoor activities. Temperature peaks during the 24-h sampling period were detected using a peak finding algorithm. Mixed effect logistic regression models were fitted for the odds of participant location (being indoors vs. outdoors) as a function of setting (urban vs. rural) and sensor-based personal temperature data (either raw temperature values or number of temperature peaks). During the study period (July–end of September), median [interquartile range, IQR] personal air temperature in the rural (higher altitude) settings was 1.5 °C lower than that in the urban settings (27.1 °C [25.4, 29.2] vs. 28.6 °C [27.1, 30.5], p < 0.001), being consistent with the Mediterranean climate. Median [IQR] personal air temperature in indoor (micro)environments was lower than those in outdoors (28.0 °C [26.4, 30.3] vs 28.5 °C [26.8, 30.7], p < 0.001). However, median [IQR] skin temperature was higher in indoor (micro)environments vs. outdoors (34.8 °C [34.0, 35.6] and 33.9 °C [32.9, 34.8], p < 0.001) and the number of both personal air and skin temperature peaks was higher indoors compared to outdoors (median [IQR] 3.0 [2.0,4.0] vs 1.0 [1.0,1.3], p < 0.007, for the skin sensors). A significant association between the number of temperature peaks and indoor location types was observed with either the personal air sensor (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.2–8.2; p = 0.02) or the skin sensor (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.4–9.9; p = 0.01), suggesting higher number of indoor air temperature fluctuations. Amidst the global climate crisis, more population health studies or personalized medicine approaches that utilize continuous tracking of individual-level air/skin temperatures in both indoor/outdoor locations would be warranted, if we were to better characterize the disease phenotype in response to climate change manifestations.
U.S. national, regional, and state-specific socioeconomic factors correlate with child and adolescent ADHD diagnoses pre-COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bozinovic Kesten , McLamb Flannery , O’Connell Katherine , Olander Natalie , Feng Zuying , Haagensen Sora , Bozinovic Goran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most diagnosed emerging neurodevelopmental disorder in children, is a growing health crisis in the United States. Due to the potential increase in ADHD severity during and post the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed recent national and two state-specific ADHD data distribution among U.S. children and adolescents by investigating a broad range of socioeconomic status (SES) factors. Child and adolescent ADHD diagnosis and treatment data were parent-reported via National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). The nationwide childhood prevalence of ADHD is 8.7%, and 62.1% of diagnosed children are taking medication. Louisiana (15.7%) has the highest percentage of children diagnosed with ADHD and California (5.6%) has the lowest, followed by Nevada (5.9%). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA, n = 51,939) examining 30 factors highlights four areas of interest at the national and state level: race/ethnicity, financial status, family structure, and neighborhood characteristics. Positive correlations between ADHD diagnosis and unsafe school, unsafe neighborhood, and economic hardship are evident nationally and statewide, while the association between a lack of ADHD diagnosis and higher urban neighborhood amenities are evident nationally, but not in two opposing outlier states—Louisiana or Nevada. National and state-specific hierarchical analyses demonstrate significant correlations between the various SES factors and ADHD outcomes. Since the national analysis does not account for the demographic heterogeneity within regions or individual states, the U.S. should rely on comprehensive, county-specific, near real-time data reporting to effectively model and mitigate the ADHD epidemic and similar national health crises.
Effects of short-term bisoprolol on perioperative myocardial injury in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a randomized control study
Authors: Wongcharoen Wanwarang , Chotayaporn Thanyalak , Chutikhongchalermroj Kavint , Tantraworasin Apichat , Saeteng Somcharoen , Arworn Supapong , Rerkasem Kittipan , Phrommintikul Arintaya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe protective role of preoperative beta-blocker in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effects of beta-blocker on perioperative myocardial injury in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. We consecutively enrolled 112 patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. They were randomly allocated to receive bisoprolol or placebo given at least 2 days preoperatively and continued until 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome was incidence of perioperative myocardial injury defined by a rise of high-sensitive troponin-T (hs-TnT) more than 99th percentile of upper reference limit or a rise of hs-TnT more than 20% if baseline level is abnormal. Baseline characteristics were comparable between bisoprolol and placebo in randomized cohort Mean age was 62.5 ± 11.8 years and 76 (67.8%) of 112 patients were male. Among 112 patients, 49 (43.8%) underwent vascular surgery and 63 (56.2%) underwent thoracic surgery. The median duration of assigned treatment prior to surgery was 4 days (2–6 days). We did not demonstrate the significant difference in the incidence of perioperative myocardial injury [52.6% (30 of 57 patients) vs. 49.1% (27 of 55 patients), P = 0.706]. In addition, the incidence of intraoperative hypotension was higher in bisoprolol group than placebo group in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery [70.2% (40 of 57 patients) vs. 47.3% (26 of 55 patients), P = 0.017]. We demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference in perioperative myocardial injury observed between patients receiving bisoprolol and placebo who had undergone non-cardiac surgery.
Experimental tissue mimicking human head phantom for estimation of stroke using IC-CF-DMAS algorithm in microwave based imaging system
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Almutairi Ali F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the preparation and measurement of tissue-mimicking head phantom and its validation with the iteratively corrected coherence factor delay-multiply-and-sum (IC-CF-DMAS) algorithm for brain stroke detection. The phantom elements are fabricated by using different chemical mixtures that imitate the electrical properties of real head tissues (CSF, dura, gray matter, white matter, and blood/stroke) over the frequency band of 1–4 GHz. The electrical properties are measured using the open-ended dielectric coaxial probe connected to a vector network analyzer. Individual phantom elements are placed step by step in a three-dimensional skull. The IC-CF-DMAS image reconstruction algorithm is later applied to the phantom to evaluate the effectiveness of detecting stroke. The phantom elements are preserved and measured multiple times in a week to validate the overall performance over time. The electrical properties of the developed phantom emulate the similar properties of real head tissue. Moreover, the system can also effectively detect the stroke from the developed phantom. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed tissue-mimicking head phantom is time-stable, and it shows a good agreement with the theoretical results in detecting and reconstructing the stroke images that could be used in investigating as a supplement to the real head tissue.
Bio-acoustic tracking and localization using heterogeneous, scalable microphone arrays
Authors: Verreycken Erik , Simon Ralph , Quirk-Royal Brandt , Daems Walter , Barber Jesse , Steckel Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicrophone arrays are an essential tool in the field of bioacoustics as they provide a non-intrusive way to study animal vocalizations and monitor their movement and behavior. Microphone arrays can be used for passive localization and tracking of sound sources while analyzing beamforming or spatial filtering of the emitted sound. Studying free roaming animals usually requires setting up equipment over large areas and attaching a tracking device to the animal which may alter their behavior. However, monitoring vocalizing animals through arrays of microphones, spatially distributed over their habitat has the advantage that unrestricted/unmanipulated animals can be observed. Important insights have been achieved through the use of microphone arrays, such as the convergent acoustic field of view in echolocating bats or context-dependent functions of avian duets. Here we show the development and application of large flexible microphone arrays that can be used to localize and track any vocalizing animal and study their bio-acoustic behavior. In a first experiment with hunting pallid bats the acoustic data acquired from a dense array with 64 microphones revealed details of the bats’ echolocation beam in previously unseen resolution. We also demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed microphone array system in a second experiment, where we used a different array architecture allowing to simultaneously localize several species of vocalizing songbirds in a radius of 75 m. Our technology makes it possible to do longer measurement campaigns over larger areas studying changing habitats and providing new insights for habitat conservation. The flexible nature of the technology also makes it possible to create dense microphone arrays that can enhance our understanding in various fields of bioacoustics and can help to tackle the analytics of complex behaviors of vocalizing animals.
A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from rabbit meat protein hydrolysate: identification, molecular mechanism, and antihypertensive effect in vivo
Authors: Chen Junbo , Yu Xiaodong , Huang Wangxiang , Wang Chen , He Qiyi 
Published: November 2021

A novel ACE inhibitory peptide (WGAP) was purified from rabbit meat hydrolysates. WGAP acts as non-competitive inhibition kinetics and shows significant in vivo antihypertensive effects in rats.
Rough set model based on variable universe
Authors: Kong Qingzhao , Chang Xueer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRough set theory has a very good effect in information processing and knowledge discovery. In an information table, the current scholars regard all objects as a universe, and then establish various rough set models. However, in the analysis of many data problems, it is more reasonable to select parts of objects which are useful to us or can meet the actual needs as a universe. Therefore, in order to make up for the deficiency of traditional models, a new model is introduced from the perspective of variable universe. Then, some interesting properties of this model, such as approximation sets, reduct of attributes and maximum part of universe, are discussed. Through the study of this paper, it can be seen that the model developed in our paper is not only more accurate but also more effective in describing uncertain knowledge.
Dealing with trouble in conversation in English-speaking cultures
Authors: Haselow Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the features of the system of other-initiated repair in different varieties of English, and thus in different cultural settings in which English is spoken. Corpus-based data are used to investigate whether and how repair practices, which are essential to the human communication system, vary across English-speaking cultures. The data show that while, on the whole, repair practices are very similar across different varieties, there are differences with respect to the frequency of the different formats deployed for removing trouble and differences as regards the preferred strategies for restoring and maintaining mutual understanding.
Profiling learners through pragmatically and error annotated corpora
Authors: Weisser Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This proof-of-concept study presents a novel way of analysing learner language based on 20 randomly selected interviews from the Chinese part of the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) (Gilquin et al., 2010), annotated both pragmatically and using a newly devised error analysis scheme. Annotation and initial analyses were primarily conducted in the Dialogue Annotation and Research Tool (DART) (Weisser, 2016b), and the relevant features extracted and normed by the number of functional (speech act) units to obtain meaningful comparable results across speakers. The results indicate that the majority of errors affect the coherence of the learners’ narrative and that the communicative strategies used by the learners exhibit a high number of discourse markers or response-signals used (em)phatically, apparently only serving as ‘planning facilitators’, rather than genuine structural or interactional devices.