bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible pair-graphene structures govern the thermodynamic properties of arbitrarily stacked few-layer graphene
Authors: Sun Yong , Kirimoto Kenta , Takase Tsuyoshi , Eto Daichi , Yoshimura Shohei , Tsuru Shota 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of few-layer graphene arbitrarily stacked on LiNbO3 crystal were characterized by measuring the parameters of a surface acoustic wave as it passed through the graphene/LiNbO3 interface. The parameters considered included the propagation velocity, frequency, and attenuation. Mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-layer graphene samples were prepared by transferring individual graphene layers onto LiNbO3 crystal surfaces at room temperature. Intra-layer lattice deformation was observed in all five samples. Further inter-layer lattice deformation was confirmed in samples with odd numbers of layers. The inter-layer lattice deformation caused stick–slip friction at the graphene/LiNbO3 interface near the temperature at which the layers were stacked. The thermal expansion coefficient of the deformed few-layer graphene transitioned from positive to negative as the number of layers increased. To explain the experimental results, we proposed a few-layer graphene even–odd layer number stacking order effect. A stable pair-graphene structure formed preferentially in the few-layer graphene. In even-layer graphene, the pair-graphene structure formed directly on the LiNbO3 substrate. Contrasting phenomena were noted with odd-layer graphene. Single-layer graphene was bound to the substrate after the stable pair-graphene structure was formed. The pair-graphene structure affected the stacking order and inter-layer lattice deformation of few-layer graphene substantially.
Bioaerosols and dust are the dominant sources of organic P in atmospheric particles
Authors: Violaki Kalliopi , Nenes Athanasios , Tsagkaraki Maria , Paglione Marco , Jacquet Stéphanie , Sempéré Richard , Panagiotopoulos Christos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral studies assessed the impact of inorganic P in fertilizing oligotrophic areas, however, the importance of organic P in such fertilization processes received far less attention. In this study, the amount and origin of organic P delivered to the eastern Mediterranean Sea were characterized in atmospheric particles using the positive matrix factorization model (PMF). Phospholipids together with other chemical compounds (sugars, metals) were used as tracers in PMF. The model revealed that dominant sources of organic P are bioaerosols and dust. The amount of organic P from bioaerosols (~4 Gg P y−1) is similar to the amount of soluble inorganic P originating from dust aerosols; this is especially true during highly stratified periods when surface waters are strongly P-limited. The deposition of organic P from bioaerosols can constitute a considerable flux of bioavailable P—even during periods of dust episodes, implying that airborne biological particles can potentially fertilize marine ecosystems.
Research on stock trend prediction method based on optimized random forest
Authors: Yin Lili , Li Benling , Li Peng , Zhang Rubo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a complex hot problem in the financial field, stock trend forecasting uses a large amount of data and many related indicators; hence it is difficult to obtain sustainable and effective results only by relying on empirical analysis. Researchers in the field of machine learning have proved that random forest can form better judgements on this kind of problem, and it has an auxiliary role in the prediction of stock trend. This study uses historical trading data of four listed companies in the USA stock market, and the purpose of this study is to improve the performance of random forest model in medium‐ and long‐term stock trend prediction. This study applies the exponential smoothing method to process the initial data, calculates the relevant technical indicators as the characteristics to be selected, and proposes the D‐RF‐RS method to optimize random forest. As the random forest is an ensemble learning model and is closely related to decision tree, D‐RF‐RS method uses a decision tree to screen the importance of features, and obtains the effective strong feature set of the model as input. Then, the parameter combination of the model is optimized through random parameter search. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of random forest is increased by 0.17 after the above process optimization, which is 0.18 higher than the average accuracy of light gradient boosting machine model. Combined with the performance of the ROC curve and Precision–Recall curve, the stability of the model is also guaranteed, which further demonstrates the advantages of random forest in medium‐ and long‐term trend prediction of the stock market.
Low‐rank matrix fitting based channel estimation for full‐dimensional massive MIMO systems
Authors: Xu Yaning , Du Weimin , Fan Yining , Zhang Zhijiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFull‐dimensional (FD) massive MIMO can overcome the limitation of the physical space at the base station (BS) and meet the increasing capacity requirement for future wireless communications. However, the pilot overhead for the acquisition of the channel state information (CSI) at the BS could be prohibitively high due to the large number of antennas. In this letter, exploiting the Kronecker property of the channel, we propose a low‐rank matrix fitting based channel estimation (LMFCE) scheme to reduce the pilot overhead in FD massive MIMO systems. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed LMFCE scheme can significantly reduce the pilot overhead for the channel estimation.
RAO‐UNet: a residual attention and octave UNet for road crack detection via balance loss
Authors: Fan Lili , Zhao Hongwei , Li Ying , Li Shen , Zhou Rui , Chu Wenbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe acquisition and evaluation of road cracks are essential to ensure the availability of roads and necessary maintenance. However, the road cracks images have been obsessed with the problem of imbalance in the category and the number of categories. Among them, the category imbalance makes the network focus on the background and the detection result will be complete black. The imbalanced number of categories leads to the missed detection of thin cracks. In addition, a large number of images generated in real time put forward higher requirements on memory and calculations. The RAO‐UNet is built which is an efficient and effective network for crack detection in road images using encoder–decoder and residual attention module‐based image frequency relationship. Compared with otheTr methods, RAO‐UNet could learn multiple‐spatial‐frequency features, thus can enhance the differentiation of high‐frequency features while saving the computational cost. Regarding the space optimisation, a novel balance loss function is proposed, which not only solves the balance problem, but also ensures the stability and consistency in the optimisation process. We evaluated RAO‐UNet on public data sets. Compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods, it achieves better performance on processing speed and detection accuracy. Specifically, RAO‐UNet achieves 98.32% / 97.86% Precision, 97.84% / 95.89% Recall, 97.61% / 97.04% F1 score on CFD and AigleRN data sets, respectively.
Risk evaluation of onshore wind farms in relation to wild duck (Anatidae) movements in the Yangtze River Mouth, China
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Xu Huan , Zhong Shurong , Song Ningning , Liu Ningning , Wang Zhenghuan , Li Ben , Wang Tianhou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough wind power is a promising source of renewable energy, previous studies have focused on uncovering species and abundance decreases caused by wind farms. However, very few studies focus on collision risk of onshore wind farms in relation to birds’ movements which are the important indicators for balancing wind energy development and biodiversity conservation. Here, birds’ movement were recorded by combining 15 ducks’ satellite tracking and six field surveys to assess collision risks in Yangtze River Mouth, the wintering site for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. It is found that distances between ducks’ locations and nearest wind turbines in middle and later wintering periods were significantly higher than during early period. Besides, ducks inside wind farm tended to fly outside turbine rotor height range (45–135 m: between lowest and highest points the rotor tips) within 300 m from the dyke where the turbines were located, thus decreasing their collision risk. Ducks also tended to fly below the minimum rotor tip height (< 45 m) when the turbines were rotating. These results suggest that ducks adopt behavioural avoidance strategies in response to wind farms, and turning off turbines to reduce collision risks may be unnecessary.
Non-thermal nucleosynthesis by accelerated particles to account for the surface composition of P-rich stars
Authors: Goriely S. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Fifteen abnormally phosphorus-rich stars were recently discovered. Their peculiar surface abundance distribution is challenging our present stellar nucleosynthesis theories, because none of the standard thermal nucleosynthesis models are found to explain the observed patterns.
Aims. This paper presents an exploration of the extent to which an irradiation process resulting from the interaction of some target material with energetic protons and/or α-particles can by itself be at the origin of the chemical pollution observed at the surface of P-rich stars.
Methods. In light of our lack of knowledge of the characteristics of the accelerated particles that could be held responsible for this nuclear process, a purely parametric site-independent approach is followed, with the proton and α-particle flux amplitude, energy distribution, and fluence taken as free parameters. The irradiated material is assumed to be made either of CNO elements in solar ratio or pure C.
Results. Such an irradiation process with energies of no more than a few MeV per nucleon is shown to give rise to rich nucleosynthesis, including significant production of P, as well as Z > 30 heavy elements in relative abundance similar to what the slow neutron-capture process traditionally produced.
Conclusions. The final composition obtained by mixing such a non-thermal nucleosynthesis by accelerated particles with nuclearly unaffected material is found to reproduce fairly well the global surface composition of P-rich stars, except for a few species like Al, Si, or Ba.
Oxidative damage of canine erythrocytes after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Lieser Julia , Schwedes Claudia , Walter Maria , Langenstein Judith , Moritz Andreas , Bauer Natali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To investigate oxidative erythrocyte damage in dogs treated with different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Material and methods Case-controlled prospective observational study using blood obtained from dogs presenting for lameness examinations or standard surgical procedures to a private referral clinic. Sampling was performed from April 2018 to July 2019. Groups comprised dogs receiving either metamizole (dipyrone) (22 dogs), carprofen (20 dogs) or meloxicam (20 dogs) for a minimum of 10 days. Dogs with gastrointestinal hemorrhage were excluded from the study. A complete hematological, as well as a basic biochemical profile were performed in every dog. Pappenheim stained blood smears were evaluated for eccentrocytes and brilliant cresyl blue stained smears for Heinz bodies. EDTA blood was frozen at –80°C immediately after sampling for measurement of superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activity at an external laboratory. Hemoglobin concentration, superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activities, reticulocyte count, eccentrocyte and Heinz body numbers were determined prospectively as key parameters for further statistical assessment with Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test.
Results Dogs receiving metamizole showed a significant increase in eccentrocyte (median 14.5/500 cells vs. 0/500 cells in the other groups, p < 0.0001) and reticulocyte number (median 191.4 × 109/l vs. 31.6–37.9 × 109/l, p < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration (median 8.4 mmol/l vs. 10.1–10.5 mmol/l, p < 0.0003). No significant difference in superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activities was observed between dogs receiving metamizole and the other groups. Heinz bodies were not found in any of the dogs.
Conclusion Treatment with metamizole for 10 or more days resulted in decreased hemoglobin concentration, eccentrocytosis and reticulocytosis in dogs in this study. This might be a sign of increased oxidative damage caused by this drug.
Clinical significance Prolonged metamizole therapy should be evaluated critically in patients already affected by severe illness or underlying anaemia.
Kolostrummanagement in Betrieben mit hohen Kälberverlusten in Niedersachsen
Authors: Korte Anika , Dreyer Johanna Sofie , Hoedemaker Martina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Das Ziel der Studie war, in Milchkuhbetrieben mit erhöhten Kälberverlusten in Niedersachsen das bestandsspezifische Management der Kolostrumversorgung zu erfassen und Probleme aufzudecken. Es erfolgte eine zielgerichtete Beratung zum Management, um zu evaluieren, ob diese Änderungen des Kolostrummanagements bewirken und die Kolostrumversorgung der Kälber in den Betrieben (gemessen an der Gesamteiweißkonzentration im Blutserum und der Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Durchfallerkrankungen) verbessern kann.Material und Methoden Die Untersuchungen fanden in 56 Milchkuhbetrieben in Niedersachsen statt, die im Jahr 2014 eine Kälberverlustrate von mindestens 20 % aufwiesen und mindestens 30 Milchkühe hielten. Untersucht wurden Kälber im Alter von 1–14 Lebenstagen. Jeder Betrieb wurde 2-mal im Abstand von 8–10 Monaten besucht, wobei zu beiden Zeitpunkten ein identischer Tagesablauf eingehalten wurde. Daten zu den Themen Kolostrummanagement und Kälbergesundheit wurden anhand eines Fragebogens erfasst, der Betrieb wurde besichtigt und alle Kälber in Einzelhaltung unterlagen einer klinischen Untersuchung. Bei Kälbern im Alter von 1–7 Lebenstagen wurde die Gesamteiweißkonzentration im Blutserum untersucht, um den Erfolg der Kolostrumversorgung zu bewerten.Ergebnisse In den Datensätzen der beiden Durchgänge differierte das Antwortverhalten der Landwirte im Fragebogen nicht signifikant, sodass sich keine Rückschlüsse auf die Einflussnahme der Beratung auf das Kolostrummanagement ziehen ließen. Dennoch zeigte sich anhand der Daten, dass das Kolostrummanagement in einem Großteil der Betriebe in Bezug auf Zeitpunkt der Fütterung, angebotene Menge, Methode der Versorgung und Überprüfung des Erfolgs verbesserungswürdig war. Die anhand der Gesamteiweißkonzentration beurteilte Kolostrumversorgung wies ebenfalls darauf hin, dass zu beiden Besuchszeitpunkten nur in einem kleinen Anteil der Betriebe alle Kälber ausreichend mit Kolostrum versorgt wurden.Schlussfolgerung Die große Bedeutung der Kolostrumversorgung bei neugeborenen Kälbern scheint vielen Landwirten noch immer nicht bewusst zu sein. In vielen der untersuchten Betriebe mit hohen Kälberverlusten war ein Verbesserungsbedarf im Bereich Kolostrummanagement zu verzeichnen.
Beurteilung der Haltungsbedingungen von Wellensittichen (Melopsittacus undulatus) und Nymphensittichen (Nymphicus hollandicus) in Deutschland
Authors: Wickermann Sarah , Krautwald-Junghanns Maria-Elisabeth 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Um Einsicht in die Haltungsbedingungen der in Deutschland am häufigsten gehaltenen Ziervogelspezies Wellensittich und Nymphensittich zu erhalten, wurde im Rahmen eines Teilgebiets der EXOPET-Studie eine deutschlandweite Online-Befragung unter nicht gewerbsmäßigen Vogelhaltern durchgeführt.
Material und Methoden Die eingegangenen 541 Fragebögen für Wellensittiche und 221 für Nymphensittiche unterlagen zunächst einer deskriptiven Auswertung. Anhand der im Zuge des EXOPET-Projekts von einem Expertengremium erarbeiteten Haltungsvorschläge wurden die Haltungsbedingungen hinsichtlich Vergesellschaftung, Gehegegröße, Einrichtung, Temperatur, UV-Licht sowie Freiflug beurteilt.
Ergebnisse Die größten Abweichungen von den Empfehlungen bestanden bei Nymphensittichen wie auch Wellensittichen beim Freiflug (Mängel in 89,3 % bzw. 85,5 % der beurteilten Haltungen). Im Zusammenhang mit einem daraus resultierenden Bewegungsmangel ist die mit 26,4 % von Wellensittichhaltern am häufigsten genannte gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigung Adipositas zu sehen. 82,8 % der Nymphensittiche und 52,2 % der Wellensittiche wurden zudem in zu kleinen Käfigen bzw. Volieren gehalten. Die Möglichkeit des täglichen Freiflugs für ihre Vögel gaben 73,1 % bzw. 73,3 % der Wellensittich- und Nymphensittichhalter an. So erhielten 48,3 % der Wellensittiche und 34,0 % der Nymphensittiche pro Tag mindestens 12 Stunden Freiflug. Weitere beträchtliche Mängel waren im Bereich der Einrichtung festzustellen: Abweichungen von den Empfehlungen zeigten sich bei 77,8 % der Wellensittich- und 69,0 % der Nymphensittichhaltungen.
Schlussfolgerung Um die mitunter besorgniserregenden Defizite in der Haltung von Wellensittichen und Nymphensittichen zu verbessern, bedarf es insbesondere einer Verbesserung der Halterkompetenz. Es erscheint zwingend notwendig, dem Tierhalter standardisierte Informationen zu der von ihm gehaltenen Spezies und zu deren individuellen Haltungsansprüchen an die Hand zu geben.
Cranial and Spinal Metastasis of a Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: Report of a Case
Authors: Spindler Kai , Mawrin Christian , Strauss Christian , Prell Julian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPituitary carcinoma is a rare disease with surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic treatment options. We present the case of a female patient diagnosed with a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma who underwent several surgical procedures, radiations, and chemotherapeutic treatments with various substances. Sixteen years after the first diagnosis, a cranial and spinal metastatic spread of the tumor occurred. We opted for an individual therapy based on anecdotal evidence. Unfortunately, the recommended off-label treatment with a somatostatin analog substance was never given due to bureaucratic delays. This case report is about the challenging aspects of individual decision-making in rare neurosurgical diseases.
Evaluation of Family Clusters of Children with SARS-CoV-2: Children Do Not Play the Leading Role
Authors: Ergenc Zeynep , Kepenekli Eda , Şenyürek Betül , Yakut Nurhayat , Boran Perran 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective The exact role of children in the household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not clear. In this study, we investigated the role of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in household transmission by identifying the index patient and contact tracing the household members.
Methods A total of 103 children with COVID-19 who attended Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, between 25th March and 27th May 2020 were included in the study. A family cluster was defined as a group of ≥two confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the same family, and a household contact (HHC) was defined as any person who had stayed in the same residence.
Results In total, 78 family clusters and 307 HHCs belonging to these clusters were screened. In only four clusters was the index case determined to be in the pediatric age group (5.1%). Fathers, mothers, grandparents, and adult siblings were identified as the index cases in 37 (47.4%), 18 (23.0%), 8 (10.2%), and 6 (7.7%) clusters, respectively. Of the 307 HHCs, 88 were in the pediatric age group, and 39 were SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive.
Conclusion Our data showed that SARS-CoV-2 is uncommon in children without any history of contact to a RT-PCR test positive patient. The role of children as the index patient in family clusters is 5.1%, and the actual index case is usually an adult individual who has had an outside contact.
Association of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Monir , Akhter Shaheen , Rahman M.M. , Fatema Kanij , Mullik M.I.S. , Islam K.A. , Siddika Ayesha , Khan A.R.M. S.H. , Uddin M.Z. , Saad T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Psychiatric disorders are important aspects of epilepsy and have received increasing attention in the last several years. Although a significant number of children are afflicted with epilepsy with psychiatric comorbidities, the actual burden was not evaluated sufficiently.
Objective To determine the types and frequency of psychiatric disorders in children with epilepsy.
Materials and Methods This hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the outpatient department of a tertiary care center in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2018 to August 2019. In total, 68 epileptic children, ranging from 5 to 17 years of age, were enrolled as cases. A similar number of nonepileptic children of age, sex, and sociodemographic status matched were enrolled as control. Parent, teacher, and self-version of Bengali Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were used to assess the psychiatric disorders, and the diagnosis was assigned as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-V of Mental Disorders.
Results Higher proportion of psychiatric illness were found significantly among the cases (83.8% vs. 16.2%; p < 0.001) and broad categories of disorders, namely, neurodevelopmental (30.9% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001), emotional (48.5% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001) and behavioral disorder (19.1% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.043) compared with controls. There was a significant relationship between psychiatric disorders with the duration of epilepsy of the respondents (p = 0.032).
Conclusions This study result showed the significant association of psychiatric disorders with epilepsy among children and adolescent population. Thus, psychiatric disorders should be properly addressed during treatment of epilepsy.
Excessive Derotational K-Wire Angulation Decreases Compression by Headless Compression Screw
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Montague Michael D. , Lama Christopher J. , Brodeur Peter , Katarincic Julia A. , Got Christopher J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground Scaphoid fracture is the most common carpal bone fracture. Open reduction internal fixation of scaphoid fractures typically undergo stabilization by a single headless compression screw (HCS). During screw insertion, a derotational Kirschner wire (K-wire) is often placed for rotational control of the near and far fragment.Questions/Purposes The aim of this study was to determine if there is an angle of derotational K-wire placement in relation to the axis of a HCS that compromises the amount of compression generated at a fracture site by the HCS. We hypothesize that increased off-axis angle will lead to decreased compression across the fracture site.Methods A Cellular Block 20 rigid polyurethane foam (Sawbones, Vashon, WA) scaphoid model was created to eliminate variability in bone mineral density in cadaveric bone. MiniAcutrak HCS screws (Acumed, Hillsboro, OR) were used for testing. Three conditions were tested: (1) HCS with derotational wire inserted parallel to the HCS (zero degrees off-axis); (2) HCS with derotational wire inserted 10 degrees off-axis; and (3) HCS with derotational wire inserted 20 degrees off-axis.Results A statistically significant difference in the mean compression of the control group (56.9 N) was found between the mean compression with the derotational K-wire placed 20 degrees off-axis (15.2 N) (p = 0.001).Conclusions Compression at the fracture site could be impeded by placing an excessively angulated off-axis derotation wire prior to insertion of the HCS.Clinical Relevance Our study adds a new detail to the optimal technique of HCS placement in scaphoid fractures to improve compression and fracture union.