bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Term structure modeling under volatility uncertainty
Authors: Hölzermann Julian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study term structure movements in the spirit of Heath et al. (Econometrica 60(1):77–105, 1992) under volatility uncertainty. We model the instantaneous forward rate as a diffusion process driven by a G-Brownian motion. The G-Brownian motion represents the uncertainty about the volatility. Within this framework, we derive a sufficient condition for the absence of arbitrage, known as the drift condition. In contrast to the traditional model, the drift condition consists of several equations and several market prices, termed market price of risk and market prices of uncertainty, respectively. The drift condition is still consistent with the classical one if there is no volatility uncertainty. Similar to the traditional model, the risk-neutral dynamics of the forward rate are completely determined by its diffusion term. The drift condition allows to construct arbitrage-free term structure models that are completely robust with respect to the volatility. In particular, we obtain robust versions of classical term structure models.
The Role and Impact of Minimal Residual Disease in NSCLC
Authors: Frisone Daniele , Friedlaender Alex , Addeo Alfredo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
There has been a huge development in the assessment of malignancies through liquid biopsies last years, especially for NSCLC, where its use has become part of clinical practice in some settings. We aim to summarize current evidence about minimal residual disease and its use in lung cancer.

Recent Findings
Recent studies using ctDNA in NSCLC but also in other types of cancer found strong correlations between the presence of ctDNA and the risk of disease progression or death after curative intent, despite current technical difficulties in performing this analysis (high sensitivity and specificity required).

Summary
Evaluation of MRD in NSCLC, especially through ctDNA, could be an important point in future trial designs and could permit a more “targeted” adjuvant treatment.
Is Myelodysplasia a Consequence of Normal Aging?
Authors: Heibl Sonja , Stauder Reinhard , Pfeilstöcker Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review available data on the relationship of MDS and aging and to address the question if biological changes of (premature) aging are a prerequisite for the development of MDS.

Recent Findings
Whereas the association of MDS with advanced age and some common biologic features of aging and MDS are well established, additional evidence for both, especially on the role of stem cells, the stem cell niche, and inflammation, has been recently described.

Summary
Biologically, many but not all drivers of aging also play a role in the development and propagation of MDS and vice versa. As a consequence, aging contributes to the development of MDS which can be seen as an interplay of clonal disease and normal and premature aging. The impact of aging may be different in specific MDS subtypes and risk groups.
Pulsed Light (PL) Treatments on Almond Kernels: Salmonella enteritidis Inactivation Kinetics and Infrared Thermography Insights
Authors: Harguindeguy Maitê , Gómez-Camacho Carlos E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Extending the shelf-life and ensuring microbiological safety of food products while preserving the nutritional properties are key aspects that must be addressed. Heat processing of food matrices has been the golden standard during the last decades, while certain non-thermal processing options have recently gained ground. In the present study, experimental pulsed light (PL) surface inactivation treatments of Salmonella enteritidis on almonds kernels are performed. The PL system is set to test different operative conditions, namely power (1000, 1250, and 1500 W) and frequency (1.8, 3.0, and 100.0 Hz) at different treatment times (from 5 to 250 s), which result in applied fluence doses in the 0–100 J·cm−2 range. Additionally, temperature measurements are collected at each operative condition on the almond surface (using infrared (IR) thermography) and at the superficial layer of the almond (1-mm depth using a thermocouple). The observed PL inactivation kinetics are then modelled using four different models. The best goodness-of-fit is found for the two-parameter Weibull model (R2 > 0.98 and RMSE < 0.33 for all cases). The maximum achieved log-CFU reductions are 6.02 for the 1.8-Hz system, 4.69 for the 3.0-Hz system, and 3.66 for 100.0-Hz system. The offset between the collected temperature readings by the two sensors is contrasted against the inactivation rate (following the two-parameter Weibull model). It was found that the highest inactivation rate corresponds approximately to the point where the infrared camera detects a slowdown in the surface heating.

Graphical Abstract
Sensitivity of scale resolving aft-body flow simulations to numerical model parameter variations
Authors: Schumann Jan-Erik , Hannemann Volker , Hannemann Klaus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of hybrid RANS-LES methods like Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) to numerical model parameter variations related to generic space launch vehicle aft-body flows is investigated. In particular, the changes resulting from the choice of the time-step size, the turbulence model, the fluid modelling, the circumferential grid resolution, the filter length definition, and the data collection period is considered. The results are also compared to experimental and numerical data taken from the available literature. The sensitivity to the time-step size and the turbulence model is minuscule with respect to the obtained mean flow field, wall pressure distributions, azimuthal modes, and wall pressure frequency spectra. However, circumferential resolution, fluid model, and filter length definition affect the solution to a higher extent. Buffeting spectra are very sensitive to the data collection period.
The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment among older adults living with HIV
Authors: Serrano Vanessa B. , Montoya Jessica L. , Campbell Laura M. , Sundermann Erin E. , Iudicello Jennifer , Letendre Scott , Heaton Robert K. , Moore David J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOlder people with HIV (PWH) experience increased risk of age-related neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline, such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between aMCI and plasma VEGF biomarkers among older PWH. Data were collected at a university-based research center from 2011 to 2013. Participants were 67 antiretroviral therapy-treated, virally suppressed PWH. Participants completed comprehensive neurobehavioral and neuromedical evaluations. aMCI status was determined using adapted Jak/Bondi criteria, classifying participants as aMCI + if their performance was > 1 SD below the normative mean on at least two of four memory assessments. VEGF family plasma biomarkers (i.e., VEGF, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and PIGF) were measured by immunoassay. Logistic regression models were conducted to determine whether VEGF biomarkers were associated with aMCI status. Participants were mostly non-Hispanic white (79%) men (85%) with a mean age of 57.7 years. Eighteen (26.9%) participants met criteria for aMCI. Among potential covariates, only antidepressant drug use differed by aMCI status, and was included as a covariate. VEGF-D was significantly lower in the aMCI + group compared to the aMCI − group. No other VEGF levels (VEGF, VEGF-C, PIGF) differed by aMCI classification (ps > .05). In a sample of antiretroviral therapy-treated, virally suppressed PWH, lower levels of VEGF-D were associated with aMCI status. Longitudinal analyses in a larger and more diverse sample are needed to support VEGF-D as a putative biological marker of aMCI in HIV.
European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance
Authors: Wilson David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEuropean colonisation played a fundamental role in Indigenous marine dispossession and the entrenchment of unequal and state-dominated marine governance regimes across diverse bodies of water. This article charts this process, utilising examples from waters and communities across the globe that experienced disparate forms of European colonisation and marine dispossession. These examples span between the sixteenth and twenty-first centuries and traverse waters from the Caribbean to Oceania. This long historical context is necessary to interrogating how colonisation has produced unequal access to marine space, resources, and decision-making in different ways through different methods across time and space, which continues to this day. One of the article’s main contentions is that marine dispossession played out vastly differently across each locale and that it is only with deep and highly localised historical study that the heterogenous impacts and ongoing legacies of colonisation on the marine rights, governance, and access of specific Indigenous Peoples and local communities can begin to be grappled with. While the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities to marine spaces and resources have received some affirmation within recent international legal instruments, including the protection of customary marine tenure and access to aquatic resources, there continues to be key constraints surrounding the definitions, representations, and jurisdictions of Indigenous or ‘customary’ marine rights as they have been codified or ‘recognised’ within national and interstate frameworks. This has led to fundamental challenges that need to be navigated time and time again in order to attain, claim, or protect Indigenous and ‘customary’ marine jurisdictions. As this article outlines, the emergence of these issues is intrinsically tied to the colonisation of terrestrial and marine spaces. To understand these ongoing struggles, we need to pay close attention to the deep entanglements of law, colonialism, and marine rights in the past and present.
Keep on Learning
Authors: Brunsbach Sandra , Kattenbach Ralph , Weber Ines 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the onset of the Corona pandemic in early 2020, teaching and learning at universities has changed profoundly due to the measures aimed at contact reduction. The present study aims to evaluate online teaching in political science from a students’ perspective. Based on a quantitative online survey, an evaluation of sub-facets of online teaching compared with classroom teaching has been measured.Moreover, three impact factors on the global evaluation level have been identified and tested. Study constraints are supposed to influence online teaching evaluation negatively. Dialogue with lecturers as well as social exchange with fellow students are assumed to have a favourable effect. A mediating role of academic exhaustion is hypothesised to explain the effect of these factors on teaching evaluations both for online lectures and online seminars.Our data support the assumed negative effect of study constraints on teaching evaluation and a positive effect of social exchange. Dialogue with lecturers has no significant impact. While the relationship between study constraints and evaluation is fully mediated, the impact of social exchange is partly mediated by academic exhaustion. These interrelationships are evident for both online lectures and online seminars. Practical implications for future teaching in political science are discussed.
Platforms and Institutions in the Post-Pandemic University: a Case Study of Social Media and the Impact Agenda
Authors: Carrigan Mark , Jordan Katy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that digital platforms play an important role within higher education, not least of all when Covid-19 has made remote working the norm. An increasingly rich field of theoretical and empirical work has helped us understand platforms as socio-technical infrastructures which shape the activity of their users. Their insertion into higher education raises urgent institutional questions which necessitate dispensing with the individualised mode of analysis and instrumentalised conception of technology which often accompany these topics. We outline an alternative approach through a case study of social media in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, exploring the incorporation of platforms into research evaluation. Our findings suggest social media is invoked differently across disciplinary groupings, as well as platform metrics being cited in a naive and problematic matter. We offer a neo-institutionalist analysis which identifies a tendency towards isomorphism, with perceived ‘best practice’ being seized upon in response to uncertainty. We suggest such an approach is urgently needed given the role which digital platforms will play in building the post-Pandemic university.
Biologia Futura: potential of different forms of microalgae for soil improvement
Authors: Mutum Lamnganbi , Janda Tibor , Ördög Vince , Molnár Zoltán 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProducts derived from microalgae have great potential in diverse field. As a part of the enhancing agriculture application, various forms of microalgae applications have been developed so far. They are known to influence soil properties. The various forms of application may enhance soil in more or less similar manner. They can help improve soil health, nitrogen, and phosphorus content, and even carbon sequestration. Thus, overall, it can enhance fertility of the soil.
Do Health-Care Students Know About Chemical Biological Radioactive Nuclear Weapons?
Authors: Yigitbas Cagla 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of students receiving different levels of health-care education (doctors, nurses, paramedics) on chemical, biological, radioactive, and nuclear weapons (CBRNW).

Methods:
This study was designed as a qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research. The study reached 87.68% of the population. A survey form was created by the researcher in line with the literature. Ethical permission and verbal consents were obtained. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews.

Results:
It was observed that there was no difference between the enrolled departments, that the participants had very low levels of knowledge on the subject despite considering it a likely threat for Turkey, and that they thought the public and the health-care professionals in this field had insufficient knowledge. Sex, age, and field education were the variables that created a difference.

Conclusion:
Training regarding CBRNW should be further questioned and individuals should receive ongoing training to increase and update their knowledge and skills.
The enduring problem of ‘grey’ drone violence
Authors: Enemark Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of drone violence that is ‘grey’ in the sense of being hard to categorise. It focuses on circumstances, such as arose in Pakistan, in which a foreign government's armed drones are a constant presence. A lesson from US experience there is that the persistent threat of drone strikes is intended to suppress activities that endanger the drone-using state's security. However, this threat inevitably affects innocent people living within potential strike zones. To judge such drone use by reference to military ethics principles is to assume that ‘war’ is going on, but indefinite drone deployments are difficult to conceptualise as war, so traditional Just War thinking does not suffice as a basis for moral judgement. In assessing the US government's commitment to drone-based containment of risks emerging along its ‘terror frontier’, the article considers three alternative conceptualisations of drone violence arising in non-war contexts: vim (‘force short of war’), terrorism, and imperialism. It then rejects all three and proposes that such violence is better conceptualised as being merely ‘quasi-imperialistic’. On this basis, however, the sustaining of a drone strike campaign against a series of suspected terrorists can still be condemned as violating the right to life.
Perceptions of co-worker exclusion and performance outcomes: are different forms of support helpful or hurtful?
Authors: Cruz Kevin S. , Zagenczyk Thomas J. , Scott Kristin L. , Purvis Russell L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe argue that social support can be helpfulorhurtful in the context of performance outcomes for employees experiencing co-worker exclusion. We contend that employees' perceptions of co-worker exclusion are negatively associated with task performance and citizenship, and positively associated with interpersonal deviance. We further contend that whether social support strengthens or weakens the negative performance outcomes of co-worker exclusion depends on whether the source of social support is from co-workers or family and friends. Using data obtained from 135 supervisor–subordinate dyads across various occupational positions, we find that co-worker support is hurtful, whereas family and friends support is helpful. We also find a three-way interaction: task performance suffers most when employees who feel highly excluded also perceive higher co-worker support and lower family and friends support. These results suggest a need for a more nuanced view of social exchange/support, and build our knowledge about ambivalent relationships.
A NOTE ON GIRSTMAIR’S IRREDUCIBILITY CRITERION
Authors: SINGH JITENDER , KUMAR SANJEEV 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGirstmair [‘On an irreducibility criterion of M. Ram Murty’, Amer. Math. Monthly112(3) (2005), 269–270] gave a generalisation of Ram Murty’s irreducibility criterion. We further generalise these criteria.
What effect might border screening have on preventing the importation of COVID-19 compared with other infections? A modelling study
Authors: Bays Declan , Bennett Emma , Finnie Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness of screening travellers during times of international disease outbreak is contentious, especially as the reduction in the risk of disease importation can be very small. Border screening typically consists of travellers being thermally scanned for signs of fever and/or completing a survey declaring any possible symptoms prior to admission to their destination country; while more thorough testing typically exists, these would generally prove more disruptive to deploy. In this paper, we describe a simple Monte Carlo based model that incorporates the epidemiology of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) to investigate the potential decrease in risk of disease importation that might be achieved by requiring travellers to undergo screening upon arrival during the current pandemic. This is a purely theoretical study to investigate the maximum impact that might be attained by deploying a test or testing programme simply at the point of entry, through which we may assess such action in the real world as a method of decreasing the risk of importation. We, therefore, assume ideal conditions such as 100% compliance among travellers and the use of a ‘perfect’ test. In addition to COVID-19, we also apply the presented model to simulated outbreaks of influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Ebola for comparison. Our model only considers screening implemented at airports, being the predominant method of international travel. Primary results showed that in the best-case scenario, screening at the point of entry may detect a maximum of 8.8% of travellers infected with COVID-19, compared to 34.8.%, 9.7% and 3.0% for travellers infected with influenza, SARS and Ebola respectively. While results appear to indicate that screening is more effective at preventing disease ingress when the disease in question has a shorter average incubation period, our results suggest that screening at the point of entry alone does not represent a sufficient method to adequately protect a nation from the importation of COVID-19 cases.
Modulation of Whistler Mode Waves by Ultra‐Low Frequency Wave in a Macroscale Magnetic Hole: MMS Observations
Authors: Zhang He , Zhong Zhihong , Tang Rongxin , Deng Xiaohua , Li Haimeng , Wang Dedong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the quasi‐periodic whistler‐mode waves corresponding to electron temperature anisotropy T⊥/T// < 1 at the center of a macroscale magnetic hole (MH) near the Earth's magnetopause observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. A significant ultra‐low frequency (ULF) wave of background magnetic field was observed in this MH. The ULF wave dramatically exacerbates the evolution of MH and the formation of the donut‐shaped electron pitch angle distribution (PAD) in the macroscale MH. When the whistler‐mode waves were generated, they are consistent with troughs of the ULF wave and density increases, which is also related to the butterfly type PAD at those moments. The analysis of dispersion relation and cyclotron resonance condition indicate that whistler‐mode waves were mainly generated by the butterfly type PAD of electrons. Our results provides new insights into one possible excitation mechanism of whistler‐mode wave.
Vitamin D and the risk of treatment-resistant and atypical depression: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Arathimos Ryan , Ronaldson Amy , Howe Laurence J. , Fabbri Chiara , Hagenaars Saskia , Hotopf Matthew , Gaughran Fiona , Lewis Cathryn M. , Dregan Alexandru 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObservational evidence has implicated vitamin D levels as a risk factor in major depressive disorder (MDD). Confounding or reverse causation may be driving these observed associations, with studies using genetics indicating little evidence of an effect. However, genetic studies have relied on broad definitions of depression. The genetic architecture of different depression subtypes may vary since MDD is a highly heterogenous condition, implying potentially diverging requirements in therapeutic approaches. We explored the associations between vitamin D and two subtypes of MDD, for which evidence of a causal link could have the greatest clinical benefits: treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and atypical depression (AD). We used a dual approach, combining observational data with genetic evidence from polygenic risk scores (PRS) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), in the UK Biobank. There was some evidence of a weak association between vitamin D and both incident TRD (Ncases = 830) and AD (Ncases = 2366) in observational analyses, which largely attenuated when adjusting for confounders. Genetic evidence from PRS and two-sample MR, did not support a causal link between vitamin D and either TRD (Ncases = 1891, OR = 1.01 [95%CI 0.78, 1.31]) or AD (Ncases = 2101, OR = 1.04 [95%CI 0.80, 1.36]). Our comprehensive investigations indicated some evidence of an association between vitamin D and TRD/AD observationally, but little evidence of association when using PRS and MR, mirroring findings of genetic studies of vitamin D on broad depression phenotypes. Results do not support further clinical trials of vitamin D in these MDD subtypes but do not rule out that small effects may exist that require larger samples to detect.