bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Dependent Heterogeneity in the Efficacy of Prophylaxis With Enoxaparin Against Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Critically Ill Children: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Bayesian Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Faustino E. Vincent S. , Raffini Leslie J. , Hanson Sheila J. , Cholette Jill M. , Pinto Matthew G. , Li Simon , Kandil Sarah B. , Nellis Marianne E. , Shabanova Veronika , Silva Cicero T. , Tala Joana A. , McPartland Tara , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
We explored the age-dependent heterogeneity in the efficacy of prophylaxis with enoxaparin against central venous catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis in critically ill children.

DESIGN:
Post hoc analysis of a Bayesian phase 2b randomized clinical trial.

SETTING:
Seven PICUs.

PATIENTS:
Children less than 18 years old with newly inserted central venous catheter.

INTERVENTIONS:
Enoxaparin started less than 24 hours after insertion of central venous catheter and adjusted to anti-Xa level of 0.2–0.5 international units/mL versus usual care.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 51 children randomized, 24 were infants less than 1 year old. Risk ratios of central venous catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis with prophylaxis with enoxaparin were 0.98 (95% credible interval, 0.37–2.44) in infants and 0.24 (95% credible interval, 0.04–0.82) in older children greater than or equal to 1 year old. Infants and older children achieved anti-Xa level greater than or equal to 0.2 international units/mL at comparable times. While central venous catheter was in situ, endogenous thrombin potential, a measure of thrombin generation, was 223.21 nM.min (95% CI, 8.78–437.64 nM.min) lower in infants. Factor VIII activity, a driver of thrombin generation, was also lower in infants by 45.1% (95% CI, 15.7–74.4%). Median minimum platelet count while central venous catheter was in situ was higher in infants by 39 × 103/mm3 (interquartile range, 17–61 × 103/mm3). Central venous catheter:vein ratio was not statistically different. Prophylaxis with enoxaparin was less efficacious against central venous catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis at lower factor VIII activity and at higher platelet count.

CONCLUSIONS:
The relatively lesser contribution of thrombin generation on central venous catheter-associated thrombus formation in critically ill infants potentially explains the age-dependent heterogeneity in the efficacy of prophylaxis with enoxaparin.
Presence of Incipient Fungal Infection in Atypical Squamous Lesions of the Lip
Authors: Cox Surget V. , Ambrosio Diego S. , Firetag Brandie , Lundquist Kurt , Moore Johanna B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Epidermal barrier disruption caused by atypical squamous proliferations of the lip (SOL) creates an ideal environment for fungal growth. Histologic features of SOL include parakeratosis overlying partial- or full-thickness keratinocyte atypia with or without invasion of the dermis, dermal solar elastosis, and scattered inflammatory cells which are predominantly lymphocytes. Histologic features of SOL with fungal superinfections overlap those seen in primary fungal cheilitis with reactive atypia, creating a diagnostic challenge. One-hundred seventy SOL cases were examined for the presence of fungal elements, and the histological features associated with superinfection were identified. Cases diagnosed as actinic cheilitis with fungal superinfection were carefully examined to rule out the possibility of misdiagnosed primary fungal cheilitis with reactive atypia. Histopathological characteristics commonly present with fungal hyphae included intraepidermal or intradermal neutrophils, bacterial colonies, and erosion or ulceration. Medical record review of those patients treated conservatively with topical antifungals revealed persistent clinical neoplasm and histological evidence of residual SOL on repeat biopsy. Thus, when biopsies exhibit histological overlap between these 2 entities, clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion for underlying SOL and carefully follow these patients if conservative antifungal therapy is initially trialed.
Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in China (2020)#
Authors: Yao Xu , Song Zhi-Qiang , Li Wei , Liang Yun-Sheng , Zhao Yan , Cao Hua , Chen Tao , Chen Xue , Feng Ai-Ping , Geng Song-Mei , Gu Heng , Guo Shu-Ping , He Yan-Ling , Kuang Ye-Hong , Li Chun-Ying , Li Xiao-Hong , Li Zheng-Xiao , Liang Jun-Qin , Liu Hong-Ye , Liu Ling-Ling , Liu Yu-Mei , Liu Zhi , Long Hai , Lu Qian-Jin , Lu Yan , Luo Xiao-Qun , Lv Xiao-Yan , Ma Lin , Shen Zhu , Shi Xin , Shi Zhong-Xiang , Su Xiang-Yang , Sun Qing , Tang Jian-Ping , Wang Ao-Xue , Wang Hui-Ping , Wang Jian-Qin , Wang Ming-Yue , Wang Zai-Xing , Xia Yu-Min , Xiao Ting , Xie Zhi-Qiang , Xing Huan , Xiong Ying , Xu Zi-Gang , Yang Bin , Yao Zhi-Rong , Yu Jian-Bin , Yu Nan , Zeng Kang , Zhang Jian-Zhong , Zhang Jun-Ling , Zhao Hua , Zhao Zuo-Tao , Zhu Wei , Zhu Ying-Hua , Zou Ying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease clinically characterized by chronic recurrent eczematous lesions, dry skin, and pruritus. AD can negatively impact patients’ quality of life. The prevalence of AD in China has been increasing during the past few decades. Based on the most recent advances in the treatment of AD, we updated the 2014 version of the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in China regarding the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD.
The Effect of Oral Montelukast Administration in Cholesteatoma Development and Inflammation: An Experimental Animal Model
Authors: Ocal Ramazan , Kargin Kaytez Selda , Yumusak Nihat , Akkoca Ozlem , Celik Hatice , Arslan Necmi 
Published: January 2021

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that oral montelukast treatment could inhibit cholesteatoma formation in an experimental animal model.

Background:
Inflammation and excessive proliferation have been described in the histopathology of cholesteatoma. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral montelukast on cholesteatoma development.

Methods:
Eighteen healthy female Wistar albino rats weighing 250 g were chosen for the study. The animals were divided into two groups: group 1 received montelukast and group 2 was the control group. Intratympanic propylene glycol injection was administered into the left ears and physiologic serum was instilled into the right ears of the animals on the first, eighth, and fifteenth days. The effects of montelukast administration were evaluated by histological examination of the tympanic membrane and middle ear.

Results:
Group 1 (montelukast group) showed significant differences in terms of cholesteatoma formation, granulation, epithelial invagination, and inflammation. Cholesteatoma formation in the left ear was observed in 2 (22%) and 8 (89%) rats in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.015).

Conclusion:
Development of cholesteatoma and inflammation was significantly lower in the montelukast-administered group. Thus, oral montelukast was found effective in preventing cholesteatoma formation.
Mediastinal Recurrence of Uterine Cervix Cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Soldevila-Lozano Cristina , Sabaté-Llobera Aida , Robles-Barba Javier-Jesús , Mestres-Martí Judit , Cortés-Romera Montserrat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with a mediastinal relapse of a uterine cervix cancer with positive human papillomavirus, an unusual site of recurrence. She consulted because of solid and liquid dysphagia of sudden appearance. Endoscopic study and non–contrast-enhanced CT showed intraluminal esophageal stenosis with a retrograde esophageal distension. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated an infiltrating hypermetabolic lesion in posterior mediastinum, middle and lower esophagus, and stomach, with no signs of local or regional relapse of the uterine neoplasm.
A Single Surgeon's Experience of Starting a New Ear Reconstruction Service in the UK
Authors: Kennedy Nithil Subash , Lloyd Mark S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Autologous ear reconstruction is known as one of the most difficult types of reconstruction to perform in plastic surgery. Very rarely is a trainee exposed to the level of complexity and variety of cases they will treat as a sole care provider in a tertiary care setting. This is because the learning curve is steep and those few surgeons that already perform ear reconstruction are limited in what technical experience they can offer trainees due to the plethora of factors competing against the surgeon. These include patient expectations, level of experience, length of anesthetic and accountability for results and complications. For this reason, once a plastic surgeon is nominated to provide autologous ear reconstruction, they face the daunting prospect of not only performing what is a very complex surgery with a very steep learning curve but also the judgment of their patients and colleagues. This paper charts the endeavors of the senior author to provide a service over the last 5 years. It will hopefully provide insight and context on setting up a service, dealing with complications, patient and peer expectations, and finally acknowledgment from both alike as experience is gained and excellence is reached.
A Patient Presentation of Large Septal Perforation Repair Using Inferior Based Contra-Lateral Nasal Floor Flap, a New Surgical Technique for Large Septal Perforation
Authors: Jang Pilkeun , Kim Hyung Gu , Hong Seung-No 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A nasal septal perforation is a defect of cartilage, bone, or mucosa of nasal septum, which is caused by previous septal surgery, trauma, chemicals, inflammatory disease, or drugs. If conservative managements, such as nasal saline irrigation or ointments, are not effective, surgical treatment can be considered. Various methods for the reconstruction of nasal septal perforation were reported, such as local flaps, free flaps, autografts, allografts, or xenografts. However, there is no standardized method due to low success rate and high recurrence rate, especially in large perforations. The authors report a successful repair case of large anteroinferior nasal septal perforation, using inferior based contralateral nasal floor flap. The authors believe that our method is an effective way to repair large nasal septal perforation and to minimalize donor site morbidity, without using other allografts.
Clinical effectiveness of convalescent plasma in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel , González Villoria Ruth Ana María , Elizondo María Vanesa , Nicolás Osorio Anel Yaneli , Coca Silvia Mercedes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGiven the variability of previously reported results, this systematic review aims to determine the clinical effectiveness of convalescent plasma employed in the treatment of hospitalized patients with diagnosis of COVID-19.We conducted a systematic review of controlled clinical trials assessing treatment with convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The outcomes were mortality, clinical improvement, and ventilation requirement.A total of 50 studies were retrieved from the databases. Four articles were finally included in the data extraction, qualitative and quantitative synthesis of results. The meta-analysis suggests that there is no benefit of convalescent plasma compared to standard care or placebo in the reduction of the overall mortality and in the ventilation requirement; but there could be a benefit for the clinical improvement in patients treated with plasma.We can conclude that the convalescent plasma transfusion cannot reduce the mortality or ventilation requirement in hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. More controlled clinical trials conducted with methodologies that ensure a low risk of bias are still needed.
A cross-sectional analysis of demographic and behavioral risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity among a sample of U.S. college students
Authors: Kianersi Sina , Ludema Christina , Macy Jonathan T. , Garcia Edlin , Chen Chen , Luetke Maya , Lown Mason H. , Rosenberg Molly 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundColleges and universities across the United States are developing and implementing data-driven prevention and containment measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Identifying risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity could help to direct these efforts.ObjectiveTo estimate the associations between demographic factors and social behaviors and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and self-reported positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test.MethodsIn September 2020, we randomly sampled Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) undergraduate students. Participants completed a cross-sectional, online survey about demographics, SARS-CoV-2 testing history, relationship status, and risk behaviors. Additionally, during a subsequent appointment, participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a fingerstick procedure and SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG rapid assay kit. We used unadjusted modified Poisson regression models to evaluate the associations between predictors of both SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and self-reported positive SARS-CoV-2 infection history.ResultsOverall, 1,076 students were included in the serological testing analysis, and 1,239 students were included in the SARS-CoV-2 infection history analysis. Current seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.3%, 5.8%). Prevalence of self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection history was 10.3% (95% CI: 8.6%, 12.0%). Greek membership, having multiple romantic partners, knowing someone in one’s immediate environment with SARS-CoV-2 infection, drinking alcohol more than 1 day per week, and hanging out with more than 4 people when drinking alcohol increased both the likelihood of seropositivity and SARS-CoV-2 infection history.ConclusionOur findings have implications for American colleges and universities and could be used to inform SARS-C0V-2 prevention and control strategies on such campuses.
Apolipoprotein E genotype and MRI-detected brain alterations pertaining to neurodegeneration: A systematic review
Authors: Piersson Albert Dayor , Mohamad Mazlyfarina , Suppiah Subapriya , Rajab Nor Fadilah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, particularly APOE ε4, the main genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), has been widely explored in neuroimaging studies pertaining to older adults. The goal of this systematic review was to review the literature on the relationship between carriage of the APOE ε4 allele and grey matter (GM) changes across various age groups and its influence on neurodegeneration as evidenced by structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsA search of the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Ovid and Cochrane was carried out till March 2020. Only studies published in English were included. Risk of bias of each study was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsA total of 115 articles met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality varied from poor to good. There is moderate evidence of reduced GM volume in the middle frontal gyrus, precuneus, hippocampus, hippocampal subfields, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, middle temporal lobe, whole temporal lobe, temporal pole, and posterior cingulate cortex in APOE ε4 carriers.ConclusionThe present data supports the utility of the hippocampal GM volume to evaluate early structural neurodegenerative changes that occurs in APOE ε4 positive elderly individuals who are at increased risk of developing LOAD. Furthermore, the evidence supports serial measurements and comparison of hippocampal volume based on age group, to track the progression of neurodegeneration in APOE ε4 carriers. Additional longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm whether the combination of MRI-detected hippocampal atrophy with APOE ε4 carrier status, can better predict the development of LOAD in cognitively normal individuals.
An elongated COI fragment to discriminate botryllid species and as an improved ascidian DNA barcode
Authors: Salonna Marika , Gasparini Fabio , Huchon Dorothée , Montesanto Federica , Haddas-Sasson Michal , Ekins Merrick , McNamara Marissa , Mastrototaro Francesco , Gissi Carmela 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBotryllids are colonial ascidians widely studied for their potential invasiveness and as model organisms, however the morphological description and discrimination of these species is very problematic, leading to frequent specimen misidentifications.To facilitate species discrimination and detection of cryptic/new species, we developed new barcoding primers for the amplification of a COI fragment of about 860 bp (860-COI), which is an extension of the common Folmer’s barcode region. Our 860-COI was successfully amplified in 177 worldwide-sampled botryllid colonies. Combined with morphological analyses, 860-COI allowed not only discriminating known species, but also identifying undescribed and cryptic species, resurrecting old species currently in synonymy, and proposing the assignment of clade D of the model organismBotryllus schlosseritoBotryllus renierii. Importantly, within clade A ofB. schlosseri, 860-COI recognized at least two candidate species against only one recognized by the Folmer’s fragment, underlining the need of further genetic investigations on this clade. This result also suggests that the 860-COI could have a greater ability to diagnose cryptic/new species than the Folmer’s fragment at very short evolutionary distances, such as those observed within clade A. Finally, our new primers simplify the amplification of 860-COI even in non-botryllid ascidians, suggesting their wider usefulness in ascidians.
Invivo and systematic analysis of random multigenic deletions associated with human diseases during epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Nagarajan Usha , Pakkiriswami Shanmugasundaram , Srinivasan Sandiya , Ramkumar Niveditha , Rajaraman Rajeswari , Thangaraj Kumarasamy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRandom loss of multigenic loci on chromosomes, a crucial drive for evolution, occurs frequently in all living organisms. Analysis of such chromosomal disruption and understanding the consequences of their impact on the growth and development of multicellular organisms is challenging. In this report, we have addressed this issue using invivo mosaic analysis of deficiency lines in Drosophila. Genes on fly deficiency lines were compared with human orthologs for their implications in disease development during cytoskeletal processes and epithelial morphogenesis. The cytoskeletal phenotypes from the fly has been utilized to predict the function of human orthologs. In addition, as these Drosophila deficiency lines are equivalent to human microdeletions, based on the clonal behaviour and phenotypes generated, a systematic analysis has been carried out to establish the critical loci that correspond to Microdeletion Syndromes and Mendelian Disorders in humans. Further we have drawn the synteny that exists between these chromosomes and have identified critical region corresponding to defects. A few potential candidates that might have an implication in epithelial morphogenesis are also identified.
Neural relational inference to learn allosteric long-range interactions in proteins from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhu Jingxuan , Wang Juexin , Han Weiwei , Xu Dong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProtein allostery is a biological process facilitated by spatially long-range intra-protein communication, whereby ligand binding or amino acid mutation at a distant site affects the active site remotely. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation provides a powerful computational approach to probe the allostery effect. However, current MD simulations cannot reach the time scales of whole allostery processes. The advent of deep learning made it possible to evaluate both spatially short and long-range communications for understanding allostery. For this purpose, we applied a neural relational inference (NRI) model based on a graph neural network (GNN), which adopts an encoder-decoder architecture to simultaneously infer latent interactions to probe protein allosteric processes as dynamic networks of interacting residues. From the MD trajectories, this model successfully learned the long-range interactions and pathways that can mediate the allosteric communications between the two distant binding sites in the Pin1, SOD1, and MEK1 systems.
Piezo2 mechanosensitive ion channel is located to sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in rat peripheral sensory pathway: implications in pain
Authors: Shin Seung Min , Moehring Francie , Itson-Zoske Brandon , Fan Fan , Stucky Cheryl L. , Hogan Quinn H. , Yu Hongwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPiezo2 mechanotransduction channel is a crucial mediator of sensory neurons for sensing and transducing touch, vibration, and proprioception. We here characterized Piezo2 expression and cell specificity in rat peripheral sensory pathway using a validated Piezo2 antibody. Immunohistochemistry using this antibody revealed Piezo2 expression in pan primary sensory neurons (PSNs) of dorsal rood ganglia (DRG) in naïve rats, which was actively transported along afferent axons to both central presynaptic terminals innervating the spinal dorsal horn (DH) and peripheral afferent terminals in skin. Piezo2 immunoreactivity (IR) was also detected in the postsynaptic neurons of the DH and in the motor neurons of the ventral horn, but not in spinal GFAP- and Iba1-positive glia. Notably, Piezo2-IR was clearly identified in peripheral non-neuronal cells, including perineuronal glia, Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve and surrounding cutaneous afferent endings, as well as in skin epidermal Merkel cells and melanocytes. Immunoblots showed increased Piezo2 in DRG ipsilateral to plantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), and immunostaining revealed increased Piezo2-IR intensity in the DH ipsilateral to CFA injection. This elevation of DH Piezo2-IR was also evident in various neuropathic pain models and monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain model, compared to controls. We conclude that 1) the pan neuronal profile of Piezo2 expression suggests that Piezo2 may function extend beyond simply touch/proprioception mediated by large-sized low-threshold mechanosensitive PSNs, 2) Piezo2 may have functional roles involving sensory processing in spinal cord, Schwann cells, and skin melanocytes, and 3) aberrant Piezo2 expression may contribute pain pathogenesis.
20-HETE-promoted cerebral blow flow autoregulation is associated with enhanced α-smooth muscle actin positive cerebrovascular pericyte contractility
Authors: Liu Yedan , Zhang Huawei , Yu Tina , Fang Xing , Ryu Jane J. , Zheng Baoying , Chen Zongbo , Roman Richard J. , Fan Fan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe previously reported that deficiency in 20-HETE or CYP4A impaired the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in rats. The present study demonstrated that CYP4A was coexpressed with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and most pericytes along parenchymal arteries (PAs) isolated from SD rats. Cell contractile capabilities of cerebral VSMCs and pericytes were reduced with a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, N-Hydroxy-N′-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016) but restored with 20-HETE analog 20-hydroxyeicosa-5(Z),14(Z)-dienoic acid (WIT003). Similarly, intact myogenic responses of the middle cerebral artery and PA of SD rats decreased with HET0016 and rescued by WIT003. Lastly, HET0016 impaired well autoregulated CBF in the surface and deep cortex of SD rats. These results demonstrate that 20-HETE has a direct effect on cerebral mural cell contractility that may play an essential role in CBF autoregulation.