bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Worst-case” Microlensing in the Identification and Modeling of Lensed Quasars
Authors: Weisenbach Luke , Schechter Paul L. , Pontula Sahil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although microlensing of macrolensed quasars and supernovae provides unique opportunities for several kinds of investigations, it can add unwanted and sometimes substantial noise. While microlensing flux anomalies may be safely ignored for some observations, they severely limit others. “Worst-case” estimates can inform the decision whether or not to undertake an extensive examination of microlensing scenarios. Here, we report “worst-case” microlensing uncertainties for point sources lensed by singular isothermal potentials, parameterized by a convergence equal to the shear and by the stellar fraction. The results can be straightforwardly applied to nonisothermal potentials by utilizing the mass sheet degeneracy. We use microlensing maps to compute the fluctuations in image micromagnifications and estimate the stellar fraction at which the fluctuations are greatest for a given convergence. We find that the worst-case fluctuations happen at the stellar fraction

κ

⋆

=

1

∣

μ

macro

∣

. For macrominima, the fluctuations in both magnification and demagnification appear to be bounded (1.5 > Δm > −1.3, where Δm is the magnitude relative to the average macromagnification). Magnifications for macrosaddles are bounded as well (Δm > −1.7). In contrast, demagnifications for macrosaddles appear to have unbounded fluctuations as 1/μ
macro → 0 and κ
⋆ → 0.
Can the Fe K-alpha Line Reliably Predict Supernova Remnant Progenitors?
Authors: Siegel Jared , Dwarkadas Vikram V. , Frank Kari A. , Burrows David N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The centroid energy of the Fe Kα line has been used to identify the progenitors of supernova remnants (SNRs). These investigations generally considered the energy of the centroid derived from the spectrum of the entire remnant. Here we use XMM-Newton data to investigate the Fe Kα centroid in 6 SNRs: 3C 397, N132D, W49B, DEM L71, 1E 0102.2-7219, and Kes 73. In Kes 73 and 1E 0102.2-7219, we fail to detect any Fe Kα emission. We report a tentative first detection of Fe Kα emission in SNR DEM L71 with a centroid energy consistent with its Type Ia designation. In the remaining remnants, the spatial and spectral sensitivity is sufficient to investigate spatial variations of the Fe Kα centroid. We find in N132D and W49B that the centroids in different regions are consistent with those derived from the overall spectrum, although not necessarily with the remnant type identified via other means. However, in SNR 3C 397, we find statistically significant variation in the centroid of up to 100 eV, aligning with the variation in the density structure around the remnant. These variations span the intermediate space between centroid energies signifying core-collapse (CC) and Type Ia remnants. Shifting the dividing line downwards by 50 eV can place all the centroids in the CC region, but contradicts the remnant type obtained via other means. Our results show that caution must be used when employing the Fe Kα centroid of the entire remnant as the sole diagnostic for typing a remnant.
Discovery of a Highly Collimated Flow from the High-mass Protostar ISOSS J23053+5953 SMM2
Authors: Rodríguez Tatiana M. , Hofner Peter , Araya Esteban D. , Zhang Qizhou , Linz Hendrik , Kurtz Stanley , Gomez Laura , Carrasco-González Carlos , Rosero Viviana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present Very Large Array C-, X-, and Q-band continuum observations, as well as 1.3 mm continuum and CO(2-1) observations with the Submillimeter Array toward the high-mass protostellar candidate ISOSS J23053+5953 SMM2. Compact centimeter continuum emission was detected near the center of the SMM2 core with a spectral index of 0.24(± 0.15) between 6 and 3.6 cm, and a radio luminosity of 1.3(±0.4) mJy kpc2. The 1.3 mm thermal dust emission indicates a mass of the SMM2 core of 45.8 (±13.4) M
⊙, and a density of 7.1 (±1.2)× 106 cm−3. The CO(2-1) observations reveal a large, massive molecular outflow centered on the SMM2 core. This fast outflow (>50 km s−1 from the cloud systemic velocity) is highly collimated, with a broader, lower-velocity component. The large values for outflow mass (45.2 ± 12.6 M
⊙) and momentum rate (6 ± 2 × 10−3
M
⊙ km s−1yr−1) derived from the CO emission are consistent with those of flows driven by high-mass YSOs. The dynamical timescale of the flow is between 1.5 and 7.2 × 104 yr. We also found from the C18O to thermal dust emission ratio that CO is depleted by a factor of about 20, possibly due to freeze-out of CO molecules on dust grains. Our data are consistent with previous findings that ISOSS J23053 + 5953 SMM2 is an emerging high-mass protostar in an early phase of evolution, with an ionized jet and a fast, highly collimated, and massive outflow.
Calibration of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer Experiment. II. Flight Instrument Calibration
Authors: Athiray P. S. , Winebarger Amy R. , Champey Patrick , Kobayashi Ken , Savage Sabrina , Beabout Brent , Beabout Dyana , Broadway David , Bruccoleri Alexander R. , Cheimets Peter , Golub Leon , Gullikson Eric , Haight Harlan , Heilmann Ralf K. , Hertz Edward , Hogue William , Johnson Steven , Kegley Jeffrey , Kolodziejczak Jeffery , Madsen Chad , Schattenburg Mark L. , Siler Richard , Vigil Genevieve D. , Wright Ernest 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) is a sounding rocket experiment that observes the soft X-ray spectrum of the Sun from 6.0–24 Å (0.5–2.0 keV), successfully launched on 2021 July 30. End-to-end alignment of the flight instrument and calibration experiments are carried out using the X-ray and Cryogenic Facility at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. In this paper, we present the calibration experiments of MaGIXS, which include wavelength calibration, measurement of line spread function, and determination of effective area. Finally, we use the measured instrument response function to predict the expected count rates for MaGIXS flight observation looking at a typical solar active region.
The Impact of Realistic Red Supergiant Mass Loss on Stellar Evolution
Authors: Beasor Emma R. , Davies Ben , Smith Nathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Accurate mass-loss rates are essential for meaningful stellar evolutionary models. For massive single stars with initial masses between 8 and 30M
⊙the implementation of cool supergiant mass loss in stellar models strongly affects the resulting evolution, and the most commonly used prescription for these cool-star phases is that of de Jager. Recently, we published a new

M

̇

prescription calibrated to RSGs with initial masses between 10 and 25 M
⊙, which unlike previous prescriptions does not overestimate

M

̇

for the most massive stars. Here, we carry out a comparative study to the MESA-MIST models, in which we test the effect of altering mass loss by recomputing the evolution of stars with masses 12–27 M
⊙ with the new

M

̇

-prescription implemented. We show that while the evolutionary tracks in the HR diagram of the stars do not change appreciably, the mass of the H-rich envelope at core collapse is drastically increased compared to models using the de Jager prescription. This increased envelope mass would have a strong impact on the Type II-P SN lightcurve, and would not allow stars under 30 M
⊙ to evolve back to the blue and explode as H-poor SN. We also predict that the amount of H-envelope around single stars at explosion should be correlated with initial mass, and we discuss the prospects of using this as a method of determining progenitor masses from supernova light curves.
Giant Radio Quasars: Composite Optical Spectra
Authors: Kuźmicz Agnieszka , Sethi Sagar , Jamrozy Marek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present the composite optical spectrum for the largest sample of giant radio quasars (GRQs). They represent a rare subclass of radio quasars due to their large projected linear sizes of radio structures, which exceed 0.7 Mpc. To construct the composite spectrum, we combined the optical spectra of 216 GRQs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). As a result, we obtained the composite spectrum covering the wavelength range from 1400 Å to 7000 Å. We calculated the power-law spectral slope for the GRQ’s composite, obtaining α

λ
= −1.25, and compared it with that of the smaller-sized radio quasars, as well as with the quasar composite spectrum obtained for a large sample of SDSS quasars. We obtained that the GRQ’s continuum is flatter (redder) than the continuum of comparison quasar samples. We also show that the continuum slope depends on core and total radio luminosity at 1.4 GHz, being steeper for higher radio luminosity bins. Moreover, we found that there is a flattening of the continuum with the increase in the projected linear size of the radio quasar. We show that α

λ
is orientation-dependent, being steeper for a higher radio core-to-lobe flux density ratio, which is consistent with AGN unified model predictions. For two GRQs, we fit the spectral energy distribution using the X-CIGALE code to compare the consistency of results obtained in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum with broadband emission. The parameters obtained from the SED fitting confirmed the larger dust luminosity for the redder optical continuum.
Exploration of the Profile and Intention in Restricting Online Game in Teenagers with Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Djannah Sitti , Tentama Fatwa , Sinanto Rendi , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Mulasari Surahma Asti , Sukesi Tri Wahyuni , Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti , Hastuti Siti Kurnia Widi , Hidayat Muhammad Syamsu , Putra Ulinnuha Yudiansa 
Published: November 2021

Background Gaming disorder is one of the mental disorders when someone does his spare time activity by playing the game and is addicted to playing online games. This condition is more common in adolescents and eventually could harm their health. Hence, the researchers interested to study the teenagers' profiles and intentions to identify their efforts and obstacles in restricting online games. Objective This study aimed to explore the profile and addiction scales of teenagers with online gaming disorder and to identify their intentions, plans, and obstacles in reducing their addictions. Method The study employed qualitative research with a phenomenology approach. The research included six online gamer participants. The researcher selected the participants by using a purposive sampling technique. They were game-addicted teenagers according to the scale of gaming addiction. The researchers collected the data with a guided interview and an observation list. They analyzed the data using phenomenology analysis. Results The scale of addiction data showed that all informants were in a high category of addiction. This scale of addiction was in line with their profiles of playing games at least five hours a day because they perceived playing games as an urgent activity to relieve stress or as entertainment. When they played online games, they held back hunger and skipped their meals, even though they were hungry and often held back urinating. Besides, being actively playing at night made them sleep in the daytime. In addition, the data showed that four of the informants stated that they had some intentions and plans to reduce or quit playing, but they did not have specific plans. They had not followed up on their readiness and had not known when to reduce or stop playing online games. Some obstacles cause them to have no intentions. Conclusion The profiles of the teenagers with gaming disorders showed a high category of addiction scale. They played online games as stress-relieving entertainment. When playing, they often held hunger, thirsty, urinating, and did not sleep at night. There were some teenagers with gaming disorders who had no intention of reducing or stopping the games. Meanwhile, some others were willing to reduce and quit the game, but they did not have any alternative activities and did not know when they will stop playing online games. Friends' invitation, the fun of playing games, problems of self-control/habits, the temptation of watching other gamers playing, boredom, and the new trend of the electronic game sport were the obstacles for the addictive teenagers to control their online gaming.
Cystatin and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Obese Versus Non-obese Adolescents
Authors: El-Shaheed Azza Abd , Mahfouz Nermine N. , Fahmy Reham F. , Elabd Mona A. , Sibaii Hiba , El-Zayat Salwa Refat , El-Kassaby Mahitab I. , Mourad Hagar H. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Obesity is well known as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Thus meticulous assessment of renal function is more essential in obese individuals. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is commonly estimated based on serum creatinine (Cr). However, using Cr as marker of kidney function has some limitations and Cystatin C has been reported as an alternative marker.
Aim of work: This study was designed to assess renal function using both GFR and cystatin in obese adolescents.
Methods: This case-control study enrolled ninety Egyptian adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years old who were divided equally into two groups according to body mass index (obese and non-obese). Each participant was subjected to full medical history taking, anthropometric measures, and Laboratory investigation including CBC, serum Cr, estimated GFR and cystatin C.
Results: Serum Cr level was significantly higher in obese adolescents compared to non-obese mean value (0.94) and (0.79) resepectively. Also, eGFR based on Cr was significantly lower in obese group compared to controls (73.1) and ( (85.30)respectively. Cystatin C showed non-significant higher levels in obese group versus controls with mean value (2.28) and (1.85)respectively. Cystatin C at Cut-off value of 1.525 and 95% CI showed sensitivity of 47.2% and specificity of 63.9% for evaluation of kidney affection in obese children and adolescences.
Conclusion: GFR is affected in obese adolescence with elevation of serum creatinine and unexpected non significant elevation of cystatin C in obese adolescence when compared by control group.
Keywords: Cystatin, Creatinine, Pediatric obesity, GFR, renal function.
Scaling of DD fusion power in a nanosecond vacuum discharge
Authors: Kurilenkov Yurii , Tarakanov Vladimir , Oginov Aleksandr 
Published: November 2021

Earlier, in a nanosecond vacuum discharge (NVD) with a deuterated Pd anode, the appearance of DD neutrons was observed not only at the well-studied quasi-stationary stage, where a
virtual cathode (VC) appears in the interelectrode space, but also at the very initial stage of the
discharge. An analysis of the experiment shows that the autoelectron beam can play the role of
a kind of trigger for starting DD syntheses processes on the surface or in the bulk of the Pd anode, but its mechanism at the initial stage of the discharge remained unclear. In this work, we performed PiC modeling of the possible partial penetration of a beam of autoelectrons into hollow anode Pd tubes. This leads to the formation of very small short-lived VCs inside individual Pd tubes, where, starting from a current of 100 A, DD microsynthesis is possible. It is shown that in devices with oscillating ions the favorable scaling of the DD fusion power, which increases with decreasing VC radius, can be retained up to rVC  0.02 cm.
Removal of isopropyl alcohol by electrical discharge from an aqueous solution with microbubbles
Authors: Panov Vladislav , Pecherkin Vladimir , Vasilyak Leonid , Kulikov Yurii , Vetchinin Sergei , Saveliev Andrey 
Published: November 2021

The removal of isopropyl alcohol impurities with an initial volume concentration of 20 % in a cell with a working area volume of 831 cm 3 in a water flow with fine air bubbles with a solution flow rate of 2 m 3/h by a quasi-volume electric discharge obtained using a multi-electrode system of sectioned needle electrodes has been experimentally investigated. At an alternating
voltage of an industrial frequency of 50 Hz, the creation of a finely dispersed phase with air bubbles in an electric discharge cell increases the efficiency of isopropyl alcohol removal from
the water flow by 6 %.
Physical processes in a low-power inductive plasma source in the presence of a weak magnetic field
Authors: Ivandikov Phedor , Zadiriev Ilya , Kralkina Elena 
Published: November 2021

Research into the influence of a weak external magnetic field (<150 G) on the efficiency of power coupling to plasma and on the structure of axial RF fields in plasma is presented. Power
coupling to the discharge plasma as well as the structure of the axial component of RF magnetic fields are shown to depend on the external magnetic field’s magnitude in a nonmonotous manner.
Effect of chlorhexidine, honey and Propolis on Streptococcus mutans Counts: in vitro Study
Authors: Alkhaled Abdulrhman , Alsabek Laith , Al-assaf Maher , Badr Faek 
Published: November 2021

Objective: .Streptococcus mutans is considered one of the bacteria that causes necrosis, as it metabolism sugar to obtain energy, producing an acidic environment and causing depression in the enamel surface, which causes the dissolution of the calcium molecule, a problem of cavited in the tooth; so the aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes chlorhexidine 0.12% - honey 50% - propolis 5% on Streptococcus mutans in children.Study design: A laboratory study to assess the efficiency of chlorhexidine, honey and Propolis on Streptococcus mutans counts. The sample included 60 children divided into: G1 (Chlorhexidine 0.12% = 20 children), G2 (Propolis 5% = 20 children), G3 (Honey 100% = 20 children). The data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program SPSS, version 13.00, at a confidence level of 95% (P <0.05(. Paired sample T test was used to compare the variable means of the values of the studied variables.Results: There is significant difference between three groups. The reduction ratio was 89.97% in G1, 85.49% in G2 and 76.29% in G3.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of mouthwashes of chlorhexidine, propolis and honey on the bacteria of Streptococcus mutans.
On the Good Use ofIncohérence
Authors: Robine Jean-Marie 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe author relates his encounter with different concepts from the theory of gestalt therapy, both during his own training and also much later. He shows how difficult it seemed to him to reconcile some of these concepts with his own worldview, his own theoretical or methodological choices, and his personality. He also reveals how this incoherence drove him to explore other avenues in this direction and thereby build for himself a coherence of a different type, all the while striving to remain true to the basic principles of foundational gestalt therapy. He insists on the experiential character of the feeling of coherence or incoherence.1 He indicates how the creation of a new coherence leads to the emergence of new inconsistencies, and how this movement both avoids death-inducing fixations and turns out to be the expression of the vitality of reflection.
Bernard Shaw: Book Critic
Authors: Oncins-Martínez José Luis 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
As a journalist, Shaw displayed an uncanny versatility, penning opinion articles, open letters, music and drama criticism … and book reviews, perhaps the least known of his journalistic activities. These reviews—stylistically valuable in themselves—contain a wealth of information on Shaw's art. Indeed, in this early work one can find many of the ideas he would later rework in his plays and some of the distinguishing technical and formal features of his trade as a playwright. Thus, this article provides a thematic and stylistic account of the content of some of these reviews, in order to demonstrate, first, that Shaw's critical style deserves praise and attention in its own right; and then, that these critical pieces provide a faithful picture of the reading public of the time, and a true index of Shaw's intellectual and literary interests as well as the blueprint of Shaw, the playwright.
Marjinal alanlar için alternatif katma değer bitkisi: Styrax officinalis L.
Authors: Avcı Ayse Betul , Akçalı Giachino R. Refika , Şenol Serdar Gökhan 
Published: November 2021

Genel olarak ‘Tesbih ağacı’ ya da ‘ayı fındığı’ olarak tanınan Styrax officinalis L. bitkisi orman alanları dışında, makilik ya da çorak alanlarda da yetişebilmesi, tohumunda bulunan yüksek yağ içeriği ve çok yönlü kullanım alanlarına sahip olması sebebiyle oldukça önemli bir bitkidir. Her ne kadar son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar artmış olsa da yine de bitki hak ettiği ilgiyi görememiştir. Bu sebeple bitkiyi tanıtmak ve yapılan çalışmaları bir araya getirmek amacıyla bu derleme hazırlanmıştır.
Orman ağaçlarında fidan kalite sınıflaması: Kızılçam örneği
Authors: Bilir Nebi 
Published: November 2021

Tür bazında Türkiye’de en geniş doğal yayılışa sahip Kızılçam’ın (Pinus brutia Ten.) fidan morfolojisi ve kalitesi üzerine gerçekleştirilen derleme niteliğindeki bu çalışmada, Kızılçam’ın fidan kalite sınıfları Dilaver (2015), Yılmazer (2017) ve Bilir (2019) tarafından gerçekleştirilen çalışmaları ışığında irdelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, türde fidan morfolojik özellikleri ve buna bağlı fidan kalitesinin, orijin, fidan tipi ve fidanlığa göre geniş farklılıklar gösterdiği ve bu sonuçların türün fidanlık tekniğinde uygulanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Kızılçam fidan kalite sınıflarının mevcut haliyle yeterli olamadığı ve yeni kalite sınıflarına ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirlenmiştir.
ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA PEKERJA PROSES PENGEMASAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE NERPA DI PT. JAMPALAN BARU
Authors: Erliana Cut Ita 
Published: November 2021

PT. Jampalan Baru merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pengolahan sabun. PT. Jampalan Baru memiliki banyak stasiun kerja yaitu stasiun mesin mixing, stasiun mesin mixer sabun cream, stasiun mesin kemas sabun cream, stasiun pengemasan sabun cream, stasiun mesin lakban,dan stasiun penyusunan sabun cream. Objek penelitian yang diambil yaitu di stasiun pengemasan sabun cream. Petugas yang diteliti berjumlah empat orang dengan jam kerja 8 jam perhari. Berdasarkan observasi, postur kerja operator termasuk dalam postur kerja berisiko namun belum pernah dilakukan pengukuran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil pengukuran postur kerja pengemasan sabun cream dengan menggunakan metode Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment(NERPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran postur kerja menggunakan metode NERPA berada pada tingkat risiko medium. Tingkat risiko tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa dibutuhkan investigasi lebih lanjut dan perbaikan pada sistem kerja.
Does Board Composition Influence CSR Disclosure? Evidence from Dynamic Panel Analysis
Authors: Dang Rey , Houanti L’Hocine , Lê Nhu-Tuyen , Sahut Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2021

Given the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance, this study examines the association between board composition and CSR disclosure on a sample of S&P 500 firms over the period from 2004 to 2015. Unlike existing studies, we control for potential sources of endogeneity using a system-generalized method of moments (system GMM) estimator. In doing so, we find no evidence that board size, board independence or CEO duality has any significant influence on CSR disclosure. Rather, our results suggest that, when the problem of endogeneity is correctly taken into account, the link between board composition and CSR disclosure is neutral.