bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Rivaroxaban- and Dabigatran-Associated Hemorrhagic Events Using the FDA-Adverse Event Reporting System Database (FAERS)
Authors: Guo Mingxing , Thai Sydney , Zhou Junwen , Wei Jingkai , Zhao Ying , Xu Wanyi , Wang Tiansheng , Cui Xiangli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants that are widely used for treatment and prevention of venous thrombo-embolism and prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.Objective To estimate and compare hemorrhagic events reported for rivaroxaban and dabigatran.Setting FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.Methods The reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to analyze the reporting of hemorrhagic events.Main outcome measure The overall hemorrhagic events and hemorrhagic events in different physiological systems and indications.Results A total of 53,085 reports of hemorrhage related to rivaroxaban, accounting for 49.79% of all rivaroxaban-related ADR reports and 13151 hemorrhagic reports related to dabigatran, accounting for 38.51% of all dabigatran-related ADR reports. The overall ROR (95% CI) for hemorrhagic event reporting for rivaroxaban compared with dabigatran was 1.58 (95% CI 1.54-1.62). The RORs (95% CI) in gastrointestinal systems, nervous system, renal and urinary system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, and eye system were 1.38 (1.34-1.42), 0.94 (0.90-0.98), 1.07 (1.01-1.13), 0.80 (0.70-0.90), and 1.38 (1.19-1.60), respectively. The RORs (95% CI) for hemorrhagic events in patients with atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis comparing rivaroxaban with dabigatran were 1.85 (1.79-1.91), 2.02 (1.67-2.47) and 2.17 (1.82-2.59).Conclusions Overall, a moderate signal for hemorrhage associated with rivaroxaban use was observed when compared with dabigatran. Hemorrhagic events in different physiological systems were not have a higher risk in case reports of rivaroxaban compared to dabigatran. But for the treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, rivaroxaban are associated with more hemorrhagic events compared to dabigatran.
Long COVID: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Symptomatology and Treatment Approaches
Authors: Nna Emmanuel Okechukwu , Alao Michael Abel , Anyachukwu Canice , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi , Ogunbosi Babatunde , Okeke Uchenna , Osunkwo Damaris 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:The burden of SAR COV-2 infection is not limited to the acute viraemia and its symptomatology but extends far beyond to include the long COVID, also known as post-COVID-19 syndrome,which may soon reach public health significance. We set out to produce a protocol for reliable and accurate systematic review and meta-analysis of the symptomatology and treatment approaches of long COVID globally.Methods:We developed a search strategy using MeSH terms, text words and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AJOL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Researchgate and Scopus. Only observational studies retrievable in the English Language will be included. The primary measurable outcome is the pooled prevalence of the symptoms of long COVID. The secondary outcomes include the summary effect sizes of the treatment approaches to the long COVID; the geographic, race, gender and age variations in symptomatology, and the quality of life of patients with long COVID. Identified studies will be screened, deduplicated, selected and data items extracted using DistillerSR software. All studies will be assessed for methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Assessment of meta-bias in the selected studies will be performed using the NIH Quality assessment tool for observational studies. Publication bias will be assessed using the funnel plot and Egger’s regression intercept. The pooled prevalence will be expressed with SE and 95% CI. The strength of evidence from this analysis will be assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis.Discussion: This analysis will map globally the symptoms of long COVID and its correlates, exploring the influences of geographic locations, race, age and gender, thereby enabling a severity index on a global scale. It will examine in detail the treatment approaches to the long COVID and their impacts on the quality of life of patients. The evidence from this study will inform health policies toward the management of post-COVID-19 syndrome. The outcome of this study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journal.Trial Registration Number:This protocol is registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42021236457
Seismic Behaviour of Piles in Non-Liquefiable and Liquefiable Soil
Authors: Hussein Fouad , Naggar Hesham El 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the nonlinear soil-pile-structure interaction (SPSI) employing three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element (FE) models verified with the results of large-scale shaking table tests of model pile groups-superstructure systems. The responses of piles in both liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil sites to ground motion with varying intensities were evaluated considering both kinematic and inertial interaction. The calculated piles and soil responses agreed well with the responses measured during the shaking events. The numerical models correctly predicted the different pile deformation modes that were exhibited in the experiments. The FEA was then employed to perform a parametric study to evaluate the kinematic and inertial effects on the piles' response considering different ground motion levels and piles characteristics. It was found that the bending moment of piles in the liquefiable site increases significantly, compared to the non-liquefiable site, due to the loss of lateral support of the liquified soil, and the maximum bending moment occurs at the interface between the liquified and non-liquefied sand layers. The inertial interaction contributes the most to the bending moments at the pile top and the interface between the top clay and liquefied loose sand layers. For piles with a larger diameter, the bending moment due to kinematic interaction increases significantly and the bending moment distribution corresponds to short (rigid) pile behaviour. In addition, the piles at the saturated site displace laterally as a rigid body during strong ground motions because the pile base loses the lateral support due to the liquefaction of the bottom dense sand. Finally, the kinematic interaction effect becomes more significant for piles with higher elastic modulus.
The genotype analysis and prenatal genetic diagnosis among 244 pedigrees with methylmalonic aciduria in China
Authors: Hu Shuang , Liu Lina , Jiao Zhihui , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To investigate the phenotypes, biochemical features and genotypes for 244 pedigrees with methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) in China, and to perform the prenatal genetic diagnosis by chorionic villus for these pedigrees. Gene analyses were performed for 244 pedigrees. There are 130 families, chorionic villus sampling was performed on the pregnant women to conduct the prenatal diagnosis. Among 244 patients, 168 (68.9%) cases were combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, 76 (31.1%) cases were isolated methymalonic aciduria. All the patients were diagnosed with MMA by their clinical manifestation, elevated blood propionylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine to acetylcarnitine ratio, and/or urine/blood methylmalonic acid with or without hyperhomocysteinemia. MMACHC, MUT, SUCLG1 and LMBRD1 gene variants were found in 236 (96.7%) pedigrees included 6 probands with only one heterozygous variant out of 244 cases. For the 130 pedigrees who received a prenatal diagnosis, 22 foetuses were normal, 69 foetuses were carriers of heterozygous variants, and the remaining 39 foetuses harboured compound heterozygous variants or homozygous variants. The follow-up results were consistent with the prenatal diagnosis. The present study indicates genetic heterogeneity in MMA patients. Genetic analysis is a convenient method for prenatal diagnosis that will aid in avoiding the delivery of MMA patients.
Modeling and experimental verification of the dead metal zone for cutting force prediction in micro milling
Authors: Song Bowen , jing xiubing , Xu Jian , Wang Fujun , Li Huaizhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In micro-cutting process, ploughing phenomenon occurring due to the dead metal zone (DMZ) leads to substantial ploughing force resulting in an obvious contribution to the total cutting force. To improve accuracy of the cutting force predicted, this paper aimed to explore the DMZ geometry related to the cutting depth and tool edge radius and thereof effect on cutting force. The prominent contribution of this research is to establish a new DMZ model by employing the slip-line field theory of the plastic formation. Based on the proposed model, DMZ are divided into shearing-dominated, mixed shearing and ploughing, and pure ploughing according to the minimum uncut chip thickness (MUCT). It is firstly proposed that the inner vertex of DMZ is the separation point of shearing effect and ploughing effect during metal cutting. The shape of the DMZ is theoretically calculated by an analytical way and verified by the simulation software. Finally, a cutting force model including shear force and ploughing force is established and verified by a series of experiments. The predicted cutting forces show remarkable agreement with those measured. The result proves that the separation point model is correct and can effectively demonstrate the ploughing force to accurately predict cutting force.
Simultaneous multi-nuclide imaging via double-photon coincidence method with parallel hole collimators
Authors: Uenomachi Mizuki , Shimazoe Kenji , Ogane Kenichiro , Takahashi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multi-tracer imaging can provide useful information in the definitive diagnosis and research of medical, biological, and pharmaceutical sciences. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is one of the nuclear medicine imaging modalities widely used for diagnosis or medical research and has a multi-tracer imaging capability. One of the drawbacks of multi-tracer imaging is crosstalk from other gamma rays, which affects the reconstructed image. Scattering correction methods, such as the dual- and triple-energy window methods, are used for conventional SPECT imaging to reduce the background caused by the crosstalk. This study proposes another crosstalk reduction method. Some nuclides emit two or more gamma rays through intermediate levels. Thus, detecting these gamma rays with the coincidence method allows us to distinguish a true gamma ray signal and a background signal. The nuclide position can be estimated at the intersection of two gamma rays using collimators. We demonstrate herein simultaneous 111In and 177Lu imaging via the double-photon coincidence method using GAGG detectors and parallel hole collimators. The double-photon coincidence method greatly reduces the background caused by other gamma rays and offers higher-quality images than does conventional imaging.
Evidence of element volatility at ambient conditions
Authors: Yurkevich Nataliya V. , Bortnikova Svetlana B. , Kozlov Aleksander S. , Petrov Aleksander K. , Makas Alexey L. , Volynkin Sergey S. , Podolinnaya Valentina A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tailings represent a significant risk to the environment globally, but very little is known about the composition of the near-surface air. We conducted the laboratory experiments to determine the sizes of the particles and the chemical composition of the flow above the mine waste. A condensate of vapor–gas flow was collected in parallel with particle control by an aerosol diffusion spectrometer (ADS). We reveal that there were no aerosol particles bigger than 3 nm in the flow. The collected condensate contained chemical elements, ions of sulfates, chlorides, phosphates, and formates and a wide range of sulfur-, selenium-, and carbon-containing gases. The main findings of the study are the presence of the metals Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Cd, Ni, and Ba and the metalloids As, Sb, Se, Ag, Co, Ti, and V in the true-gas phase or in the form of particles smaller than 3 nm in the air above the mine tailings. The surprising fact is that the migration of metals and metalloids in a true-gas form or in ultrafine particles (< 3 nm) is possible, which opens up a new research direction on the volatile forms of chemical elements in various climatic conditions and their bioavailability and toxicity.
Investigations of microstructural and impedance spectroscopic properties of Mg0.5Co0.5Fe1.6Al0.4O4 ferrite prepared using sol-gel method
Authors: Dabbebi Touka , Hcini S. , Alzahrani B. , Rahmouni H. , Mallah A. , Dhahri E. , Bouazizi M.L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polycrystalline Mg0.5Co0.5Fe1.6Al0.4O4 ferrite was prepared with sol-gel method. This sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis combined with the Rietveld refinement confirmed that the sample crystallizes in a single-phase cubic spinel structure with (SG: \(Fd\stackrel{-}{3}m\)). Electrical conductivity obeying the Jonscher power law indicates that the prepared material exhibits semiconductor behavior, and the conduction process follows the “non-overlapping small polaron tunnelling” model between neighbors’ sites. The behavior of dielectric constants such as permittivity and loss coefficient has been interpreted based on the Maxwell-Wagner's theory of interfacial polarization. The curves of imaginary parts of impedance (Z'') and modulus (M'') show a dielectric-relaxation phenomenon in the sample with activation energy near to that determined from the dc conductivity study. Nyquist plots (Z″ vs. Z') show a monotonic decrease in both grain resistance (Rg) and grain boundary resistance (Rgb) with increasing temperature such as Rgb > > Rg. This result confirms that the transport mechanism for Mg0.5Co0.5Fe1.6Al0.4O4 compound is governed by the grain boundaries effect.
Association of Lipid Accumulation Product With Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Community Adults: A Report From the REACTION&nbsp;Study
Authors: yan pijun , Xu Yong , Miao Ying , Tang Qian , Wu Yuru , Bai Xue , Wan Qin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Limited studies regarding the relationship between lipid accumulation product (LAP), a novel surrogate marker of visceral adiposity, and declined estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have yielded conflicting findings, and no report has demonstrated the relationship of LAP with chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined by lower eGFR and/or the presence of albuminuria. This study aimed to estimate the possible association between LAP and CKD in Chinese community adults. Method: This cross‐sectional study, drawn from the REACTION study, included 7072 participants aged ≥40 years in Luzhou city, Sichuan Province. LAP was determined based on a combination of waist circumference (WC) and fasting triglycerides (TG). CKD was defined as eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m² and/or presence of albuminuria [urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30mg/g]. A multiple logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the possible association between LAP and CKD in Chinese community adults. Results: Participants with CKD had significantly higher LAP, age, WC, weight, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP), TG, total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose, 2 h postload blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1C, serum creatinine, urinary ACR, prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), users of hypoglycemic drugs, and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR, and users of drinking (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that LAP quartiles were positively associated with an increased risk of prevalent CKD (Q2: odds rate [OR]: 1.083, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.850-1.381; Q3: OR: 0.961, 95% CI 0.741-1.247; Q4: OR: 1.497, 95% CI 1.139-1.966, P for trend = 0.004) even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Stratified analysis revealed that the associations of LAP quartiles with increased risk of prevalent CKD also occurred in people who were older, women, overweight, with hypertension, normal glucose tolerance, normal PP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 3.4 mmol/L, without CVD events, no smoking and drinking. Conclusions: These findings suggest that LAP is significantly associated with increased risk of prevalent CKD in Chinese community adults, and may inform both public health recommendations and clinical practice.
Sedimentation of Irregular Shaped Microplastics Under Steady and Dynamic Flow Conditions
Authors: Wang Zhen , Dou Ming , Ren Pengju , Sun Bin , Jia Ruipeng , Zhou Yuze 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Because of different compositions, physicochemical properties and shapes in nature of the microplastics (MPs), their migration process in the environment is very different, which makes it difficult to predict the behavior trajectory. This article mainly studies the sedimentation law of MPs under static and dynamic water conditions. Four kinds of materials, respectively polystyrene (PS), Polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), about 1230 MP particles with irregular shapes are selected for sedimentation experiments. They are divided into three shapes: near-sphere, polygonal ellipsoid and fragment. The experimental results show that the near-sphere MPs settled at the fastest rate, followed by the polygonal ellipsoid MPs, and the fragmented MPs settled at the slowest rate. By the force analysis of MPs in the settlement process, and the theoretical formula of MP settlement rate with their shape, particle size, density and water density are obtained, which has better fitting degree.
Cannabidiol Has a Unique Effect on Global Brain Activity: A Pharmacological, Functional MRI&nbsp;Study in Awake Mice&nbsp;
Authors: Sadaka Aymen , Ozuna Ana , Ortiz Richard , Kulkarni Praveen , Johnson Clare , Bradshaw Heather , Cushing Bruce , Li Ai-Ling , Hohmann Andrea , Ferris Craig 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) is a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorders. How does CBD interact with the brain to alter behavior? We hypothesized that CBD would produce a dose-dependent reduction in brain activity and functional coupling in neural circuitry associated with fear and defense. Methods: During the scanning session awake mice were given vehicle or CBD (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg I.P.) and imaged for 10 min post treatment. Mice were also treated with the 10 mg/kg dose of CBD and imaged one hr later for resting state BOLD functional connectivity (rsFC). Imaging data were registered to a 3D MRI mouse atlas providing site-specific information on 138 different brain areas. Blood samples were collected for CBD measurements.Results: CBD produced a dose-dependent polarization of activation along the rostral-caudal axis of the brain. The olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex showed an increase in positive BOLD whereas the brainstem and cerebellum showed a decrease in BOLD signal. This negative BOLD affected many areas connected to the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS). The ARAS was decoupled to much of the brain but was hyperconnected to the olfactory system and prefrontal cortex. The pattern of ARAS connectivity closely overlapped with brain areas showing high levels N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) messenger RNA.Conclusion: The CBD-induced decrease in ARAS activity is consistent with an emerging literature suggesting that CBD reduces autonomic arousal under conditions of emotional and physical stress. The putative target and mechanism of action is NAPE-PLD the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid signaling molecules like anandamide.
Sustainable Zero Liquid Discharge of Concentrated Brine by Janus Wood Evaporator
Authors: Chen Xi , He Shuaiming , Falinski Mark , Wang Yuxi , Li Tian , Zheng Sunxiang , Sun Dongya , Dai Jiaqi , Bian Yanhong , Zhu Xiaobo , Jiang Jinyue , Hu Liangbing , Ren Zhiyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Solar-driven distillation is a promising technology for energy-efficient freshwater generation, but salt accumulation on solar absorbers and system longevity are major challenges that hinder its widespread application. In this study, we present a novel Janus wood evaporator that overcame these challenges and achieved record-high evaporation efficiencies in high-salinity brine, one of the most difficult water sources to treat using desalination. The Janus wood evaporator had an asymmetric surface wettability, where the top layer acted as a hydrophobic solar absorber with enhanced thermal insulation, while the bottom hydrophilic wood layer allowed for rapid water replenishment. An evaporation efficiency of 82.0% was achieved for 20% NaCl solution, and superior salt-resistance was observed during a 10-cycle longevity test. To ensure the environmental sustainability of the new Janus wood evaporator, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to compare this Janus wood evaporator to emerging Janus evaporators. Results showed that Janus wood evaporators could emit up to two orders of magnitude less CO2 equivalents than an aerogel Janus evaporator (AJE) and up to 80% fewer emissions than an electrospun Janus mat (EJM), indicating a functional and more sustainable opportunity for off-grid industrial applications and humanitarian efforts.
Enhanced bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional ferroelectric CuInP2S6
Authors: Li Yue , Fu Jun , Mao Xiaoyu , Chen Chen , Liu Heng , Gong Ming , Zeng Hualing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The photocurrent generation in photovoltaics relies essentially on the interface of p-n junction or Schottey barrier with the photoelectric efficiency constrained by the Shockley-Queisser limit. The recent progresses have shown a promising route to surpass this limit via the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) for crystals without inversion symmetry. Here we report the BPVE in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric CuInP2S6 with enhanced photocurrent density by two orders of magnitude higher than conventional bulk ferroelectric perovskite oxides. The BPVE is inherently associated to the room-temperature polar ordering in 2D CuInP2S6. We also demonstrate a crossover from 2D to 3D BPVE material with the observation of a dramatic decrease in photocurrent density when the thickness of the 2D material exceeds the free path length (\({l}_{0}\)) at around 40 nm. This work spotlights the potential application of ultrathin 2D ferroelectric materials for the third-generation photovoltaic cells.