bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Remdesivir in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yao Hai-Bo , Peng Jie-Ru , Zheng Xue-Mei , Yang Zhuo , Yan Huang , Tang Xing-Ming , Liang Yun-Dan , Wu Meng-Jun , Duan Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Remdesivir, a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19. However, the findings of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies vary regarding the effectiveness of remdesivir. We aimed to comprehensively review the available evidence identify the effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19.Methods: Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang database, SinoMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Science Journal Database) were searched for literatures published until November 2020.Following the PRISMA flow diagram, we included RCTs and prospective observational studies that reported the effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. With extracting study details, as well as patient characteristics and outcomes, data were meta-analyzed by using Review Manager software version 5.4.1. Meta-analyses were conducted with fixed-effect model or random-effect model to calculate risk ratio (RR).Results: Four studies involving 2,279 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, 10-day remdesivir was associated with significant increased clinical improvement on days 14 and 28 with RR 1.19 (95%CI 1.09-1.30) and RR 1.09 (95%CI 1.03-1.16). The clinical improvement of 5-day remdesivir was better than 10-day remdesivir on days 7 with RR 1.20 (95%CI 1.02-1.41), but the efficacy advantage of 5-day remdesivir disappeared on days 14 (RR 1.08; 95%CI 0.90-1.29). Remdesivir was associated with lower serious adverse events rates and grade 3 or 4 adverse events rates as compared with placebo with RR 0.75(95%CI 0.63-0.89) and RR 0.89(95%CI 0.80-0.99). Compared with 10-day remdesivir, 5-day remdesivir for patients with COVID-19 decreased the risk of serious adverse events rates and grade 3 or 4 adverse events rates with RR 0.65(95%CI 0.47-0.88) and RR 0.74 (95%CI 0.58-0.95). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggested that remdesivir would increase clinical improvement conditions and decrease serious adverse events on patients with COVID-19. 5-day remdesivir had the similar clinical effectiveness and mortality with 10-day remdesivir, and had lower serious adverse events rate. Comprehensive considering the cost and benefit, 5-day remdesivir may be a better therapeutic option if available medical resources are limited.
Pillar[5]arene-Derived endo-Functionalized Molecular Tube for Mimicking Protein-Ligand Interactions
Authors: Wen Ke , Wang Zhuo , Chen Tao , Liu Hua , Liu Yahu , Zhao Xiao-Li , Hu Wei-Bo , Yang Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Artificial tubular molecular pockets bearing polar functionalities on their inner surface are useful model systems for understanding the mechanisms of protein-ligand interactions in living systems. We herein report a pillar[5]arene-derived molecular tube, [P4-(OH)BPO], whose endo conformational isomer endo-[P4-(OH)BPO] possesses an inwardly pointing hydrogen-bond (H-bond) donor (OH) in its deep cavity, a strong H-bond acceptor (C=O) on the predominantly hydrophobic inner surface, rendering it a perfect protein binding pocket mimetic. By measuring the binding affinity of this pocket-mimetic tube, we screened a library of various shape-complementary organic guests (1–38) resembling the fragment ligands in fragment-based drug design (FBDD). On the basis of the data for “fragment-pocket” complexes (1–38)⊂endo-[P4-(OH)BPO], two rationally designed “lead molecules” (39 and 40) were identified to be able to enhance binding affinity significantly by forming H-bonds with both the donor and acceptor of endo-[P4-(OH)BPO]. The described work opens new avenues for developing pillar[n]arene-derived protein binding pocket-mimetic systems for studies on protein-ligand interactions and mechanisms of enzymatic reactions.
The characteristics of airflow obstruction and its association with treatment response in the real world in different GOLD groups of COPD patients
Authors: Song Qing , Zhao Yi-Yang , Zeng Yu-Qin , Liu Cong , Cheng Wei , Deng Min-Hua , Li Xin , Ma Li-Bing , Chen Yan , Cai Shan , Chen Ping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 separated spirometry from combined assessment to guide treatment. We aimed to analyze the characteristics of airflow obstruction and its association with treatment response in the real world in different GOLD groups of COPD patients. Methods: For this prospective observational study, stable COPD outpatients were enrolled and divided into Groups A, B, C and D based on GOLD 2017, and followed-up for 18 months. Data on patient demographics, pulmonary function, COPD assessment test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), exacerbations, mortality and treatments were collected to analyze the airflow obstruction and its association with treatment response. Results: A total of 993 subjects were classified into Groups A (n = 170, 17.1%), B (n = 360, 36.3%), C (n = 122, 12.3%), and D (n = 341, 34.3%). There were significant differences in mMRC, CAT, CCQ, exacerbations and hospitalizations among different groups (P < 0.001). Groups B and D had more airflow obstruction and ventilatory disorder than Groups A and C (P < 0.05). In the same groups with different GOLD grades, the differences were mainly observed in BMI, CAT, CCQ and treatment with long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and LAMA + long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) + inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (P < 0.05). After 18 months of follow-up, the number of exacerbations and hospitalizations were significantly different among different groups, with Group D having the highest values. Also, there were more frequent exacerbators and a higher mortality rate in Group D. However, in the same groups with different GOLD grades, the mortality rates and number of exacerbations, hospitalizations and frequent exacerbators showed no differences. Conclusion: There were significant differences in pulmonary function in different groups. However, different GOLD grades had no impact on future exacerbations and mortality rate in the same groups.
Analysis of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in 372 Old Adult Inpatients
Authors: Zhang Xian , WANG Xiao-juan , TIAN Jing-jing , ZHU Xi-ling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: In 2017, China published the "Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medications use for the old adults in China". There is no medical institution in Huainan that has conducted investigations on PIMs for the old adults until now. The survey investigated the PIMs for the old adults in our hospital, and also tested the applicability and practicability of the 72 drugs included in the "Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medications use for the old adults in China".Methods: According to the Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medications use for the old adults in China (2017 Edition), a retrospective analysis of the medications in 372 old adult inpatients aged 65 years and above was performed to evaluate the occurrence of their PIMs use. Results: The average age of the 372 inpatients was (74.67±6.95) years old, the average Inpatient days was (11.96±8.5) days, and the average number of illnesses per person was (4.92±2.55). Of 372 inpatients, 62.63% (233) inpatients had PIMs in the China-PIM list for the old adults , and 17.20% (64) inpatients had PIMs related to their diseases. Conclusion: The proportion of PIMs among old adult inpatients in our hospital is relatively high. The hospital should pay attention to it and actively take measures to reduce the risk of PIMs for the old adults and ensure rational drug use in clinical medicine.
Responsiveness of Inpatient Services at the Public General Hospitals in Gaza
Authors: Shaqura Iyad Ibrahim , Jaafaripooyan Ebrahim , Hosseini Mostafa , Shagora Abed El Raheem , Akbarisari Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed at measuring the responsiveness level of inpatient services according to patients’ perspectives, and identifying the factors affecting its performance at the Gazan public general hospitals, particularly in internal medicine and surgical departments, in 2020.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted in 5 public general hospitals in Gaza. Data were collected between October 2019 and June 2020 in a survey included 675 inpatients using an interviewed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using software SPSS 22.0 and by applying descriptive statistics, independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Scheffé test. ResultsThe overall responsiveness was “above moderate”, 80.15% and 80.9%, for both internal medicine and surgical departments, respectively. Access to social support, confidentiality and dignity were the highest-performing domains, while, choice of provider and quality of basic amenities were the lowest. Dignity and confidentiality were the most important domains based on patients’ viewpoints. Hospital type, medical department, and hospital stay in addition to the educational level, marital status, employment status, income, and insurance status were the most influential factors on the level of responsiveness and its domains. ConclusionThe assessment of the responsiveness of inpatient services at public hospitals is useful in integrating the health system goals. Inpatient care responsiveness was satisfactory in the Gazan public hospitals, however, there is a room for further improvements. Reform strategies should be directed toward the domains of weak performance and the important ones as well. Attention should be given to the supply-side such as hospital characteristics as they significantly affect the level of responsiveness and its domains. Further research is required to carry out mixed-method studies, moreover, the non-public hospitals need to be covered.
A novel synonymous ABCA3 variant identified in a Chinese family with lethal neonatal respiratory failure
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Liu Zhiyong , Lin Yiming , Wang Ruiquan , Xu Jinglin , He Ying , Zhang Fengfeng , Wu Lianqiang , Chen Dongmei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lethal respiratory failure is mostly caused by pulmonary surfactant (PS) deficiency and is the main cause of neonatal death. PS metabolism dysfunction caused by mutations in the ABCA3 gene is a rare disease with very poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of genetic mutations causing PS metabolism dysfunction has not been fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to identify the genetic features in a family with lethal respiratory failure.Methods: We studied members of a two-generation Chinese family including a female proband, her parents, her identical twin sister, and her older sister. Whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） were used to identify and validate the ABCA3 mutation. The potential pathogenicity of the identified synonymous variant was predicted using splice site algorithms (dbscSNV11_AdaBoost, dbscSNV11_RandomForest, and HSF).Results: All patients showed severe respiratory distress, which could not be relieved by mechanical ventilation, supplementation of surfactants, or steroid therapy, and died at an early age. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the patients had compound heterozygous ABCA3 variants, including a novel synonymous variant c.G873A (p.Lys291Lys) in exon 8 derived from the mother and a heterozygous deletion of exons 4-7 derived from the father. The synonymous variant was consistently predicted to be a cryptic splice donor site that may lead to aberrant splicing of the pre-mRNA by three different splice site algorithms. The deletion of exons 4-7 of the ABCA3 gene was determined to be a loss-of-function pathogenic variant.Conclusions: We identified a novel synonymous variant and a deletion in the ABCA3 gene that may be responsible for the pathogenesis in patients in this family. These results enrich the known mutational spectrum of the ABCA3 gene. Moreover, the study of ABCA3 mutations is helpful for the realization of patient-specific therapies.
Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dahman Lotfi S. Bin , Humam Mariam A. , Barahim Omer H. , Barahman Omer M. , Balfas Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Type two diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with dyslipidemia and liver function disorders. This study was conducted to assess the association between liver enzymes and elevated lipids profile in a sample of Yemeni patients with T2DM. A case- control study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects was carried out at outpatient clinics of aIbn-Sina Hospital in Mukalla during the period from January to May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, ALT, AST, and GGTwere analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and GET, while HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients. In correlation analysis, serum GGT was positively associated with FBG, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C. Also, serum ALT was positively associated with FBG and triglyceride. In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT could be used as the predictive biomarkers for NAFLD in T2D patients with hyperglycemia. Thus, routine screening of liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver abnormalities and diminish diabetes complications.
Integrity, Use and Care of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Nyangi Mary Wanjiku , Kigondu Elizabeth Mumbi , Irungu Beatrice , Nganga Margaret , Gachanja Anthony , Kinyanjui Martin , Nyangacha Ruth , Muniu Erastus , Kamau Luna , Gathirwa Jeremiah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Vector control is an essential component in prevention and control of malaria in malaria endemic areas. Insecticide treated nets is one of the standard tools recommended for malaria vector control. The objective of the study was to determine physical integrity and insecticidal potency of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) used in control of malaria vector in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.Method: The study targeted households in an area which had received LLINs during mass net distribution in 2016 from Ministry of Health. A total of 420 households were sampled using systematic sampling method, where the household heads consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess care and use while physical examination was used to determine integrity. Chemical concentration was determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results: After eighteen months of use, 96.9% (95% CI: 95.2% – 98.6%) of the distributed nets were still available. Regarding net utilization, 94.1% of household heads reported sleeping under an LLIN the previous night. After physical examination, 49.9% (95% CI: 43% - 52.8%) of the bed nets had at least one hole. The median number of holes of any size was 2[interquartile range (IQR) 1-4], and most holes were located on the lower part of the nets, [median 3 (IQR 2-5)]. Only 15% of the nets with holes had been repaired. The median concentration for alpha-cypermethrin was 7.15mg/m2 (IQR 4.25-15.31) and 0.00mg/g (IQR 0.00-1.99) for permethrin. Based on pHI, Chi-square test varied significantly with the manufacturer (X (6, N=389) = 29.14, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between nets with different number of washes (X2(2) = 4.55, p = 0.103).Conclusion: More than three-quarters of the nets supplied had survived and insecticidal potency was adequate in vector control. Standard procedure for field evaluation of surface insecticidal content available to a mosquito after landing on a net to rest is recommended.
Structural and dynamical analysis of integrated human/SARS-CoV-2 metabolic models present novel treatment strategies against COVID-19
Authors: Bannerman Bridget P. , Julvez Jorge , Oarga Alexandru , Moreno Pablo , Blundell Tom L , Floto R. Andres 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently responsible for over 500 thousand deaths in 216 countries across the world and is affecting over 10 million people. The absence of FDA approved drugs against the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has highlighted an urgent need to design new drugs. We developed an integrated model of the human cell and the SARS-CoV-2 virus to provide insight into the pathogenetic mechanism of the virus and to support current therapeutic strategies. We show the biochemical reactions required for the growth and general maintenance of the human cell, first of all, in its healthy state. We then demonstrate how the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the human cell causes biochemical and structural changes, leading to a change of cell functions or cell death. We have completed a comparative analysis of our model and other previously generated cell type models and highlight 48 pathways and over 800 reactions hijacked by the virus for its replication and survival. We designed a new tool which predicts 15 unique reactions as drug targets from our models (the integrated human macrophage, human airway epithelial cells and the SARS-CoV-2 virus) and provide a platform for future studies on viral entry inhibition and drug optimisation strategies.
Predicting Cardiovascular Risk Using Social Media Data: Performance Evaluation of Machine-Learning Models
Authors: Andy Anietie U , Guntuku Sharath C , Adusumalli Srinath , Asch David A , Groeneveld Peter W , Ungar Lyle H , Merchant Raina M 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) predictive models have limitations; thus, efforts are underway to improve the discriminatory power of ASCVD models.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the discriminatory power of social media posts to predict the 10-year risk for ASCVD as compared to that of pooled cohort risk equations (PCEs).MethodsWe consented patients receiving care in an urban academic emergency department to share access to their Facebook posts and electronic medical records (EMRs). We retrieved Facebook status updates up to 5 years prior to study enrollment for all consenting patients. We identified patients (N=181) without a prior history of coronary heart disease, an ASCVD score in their EMR, and more than 200 words in their Facebook posts. Using Facebook posts from these patients, we applied a machine-learning model to predict 10-year ASCVD risk scores. Using a machine-learning model and a psycholinguistic dictionary, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, we evaluated if language from posts alone could predict differences in risk scores and the association of certain words with risk categories, respectively.ResultsThe machine-learning model predicted the 10-year ASCVD risk scores for the categories <5%, 5%-7.4%, 7.5%-9.9%, and ≥10% with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.78, 0.57, 0.72, and 0.61, respectively. The machine-learning model distinguished between low risk (<10%) and high risk (>10%) with an AUC of 0.69. Additionally, the machine-learning model predicted the ASCVD risk score with Pearson r=0.26. Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, patients with higher ASCVD scores were more likely to use words associated with sadness (r=0.32).ConclusionsLanguage used on social media can provide insights about an individual’s ASCVD risk and inform approaches to risk modification.
Assessment of Gap-Filling Interpolation Methods for Identifying Mangrove Trends at Segara Anakan in 2015 by using Landsat 8 OLI and Proba-V
Authors: Arjasakusuma Sanjiwana , Pratama Abimanyu Putra , Lestari Intan 
Published: January 2021

The existence and services of mangrove ecosystems in Segara Anakan are threatened by changes in land use on land and global warming, which requires proper and intensive monitoring. The monitoring of mangrove and its trend over large areas can be done using multi-temporal remote sensing technology. However, remote sensing data is often contaminated by cloud cover, and its corresponding shadow resulted in missing data. This study aims to assess the performance of the existed gap-filling techniques, such as, linear, spline, stineman, data interpolation Empirical Orthogonal Function (dineof) and spatial downscaling strategy employing the Proba-V imagery in 100 m, when being used for estimating the missing data and depicting the trend in NDVI from Landsat 8 OLI by using Mann-Kendall test. Our result suggested that EOF-based interpolation gave better prediction results and more accurate in predicting longer missing data. Linear interpolation, on the other hand, was accurate to predict shorter missing data. Overall, all interpolation results can reconstruct 64 (spline) to 72 % (dineof) of missing data in NDVI with the RMSE of 0.10 (dineof) – 0.13 (spline). A consistent decreasing trend was also found from the four interpolation methods, which showed the consistency of the interpolated values when used for deriving trends with similar patterns of overall decreasing trend and magnitude of changes of -0.0095 to -0.0099 (NDVI unit) over the mangrove areas in 2015. The result demonstrated the potential ability of gap-filling methods for simulating the value of missing data and for deriving trends.
Kecerdasan moral ditinjau dari perbedaan pola asuh pada siswa SMA
Authors: Manurung Yulinda Septiani , Bili Lete Antoneta Fransiska , Nababan Mega Yuni Asri , Ampow Abigail Christine 
Published: January 2021

Objektif:Saat ini banyak peserta didik kurang memperlihatkan perilaku yang baik berhubungan dengan kecerdasan moral. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi kecerdasan moral adalah pola asuh orang tua. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat hubungan antara pola asuh demokratis, otoriter dan permisif terhadap kecerdasan moral.Metode:Subyek penelitian sebanyak 177 siswa SMA Cahaya Medan dengan metode proportionate stratified random sampling. Data penelitian disatukan menggunakan skala kecerdasan moral dan skala pola asuh. Data dianalisis dengan memakai korelasi analisis regresi linear berganda melalui bantuan SPSS 23 for Windows.Temuan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan yang positif antara pola asuh demokratis dengan kecerdasan moral dengan nilai sig. 0. 040 (p < 0.05), pola asuh otoriter dan kecerdasan moral dengan nilai sig. 0.167 (p > 0.05), pola asuh permisif dengan kecerdasan moral dengan nilai sig. 0.570 (p > 0.05). Uji asumsi terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji autokorelasi, uji heteroskedastisitas. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa sumbangan efektif pola asuh terhadap kecerdasan moral sebesar 2,7%, selebihnya 97,3% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.Kesimpulan:Hipotesis penelitian diterima.