bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Intake and Food Sources of Choline Among Pregnant Women Attending an Antenatal Clinic in Bloemfontein, South Africa
Authors: Robb Liska , Joubert Gina , Jordaan Elizabeth Margaretha , Ngounda Jennifer Osei , Walsh Corinna May 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The importance of adequate choline intake during pregnancy has been well documented, but inadequate intake is common. Total choline intake, as well as main food sources of choline were determined in a sample of pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a regional hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Trained fieldworkers collected dietary intake data using a validated quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ), after which all food items were matched to foods in the USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods (Release 2) to quantify choline intake. Logistic regression with backward selection (p < 0.05) was used to select significant independent factors associated with inadequate choline intake.Results: The median daily intake of choline was 275.0 mg (interquartile range 184.7 mg – 386.7 mg) (N = 681). Most participants (84.7%) consumed less than the adequate intake level (AI) of 450 mg/day for choline. Meat and meat products, cereals, eggs and dairy contributed mostly to choline intake. Food items that contributed most to choline intake included full-cream milk, maize porridge, brown bread, deep-fried potatoes and deep-fried dough (vetkoek). An inadequate choline intake was significantly associated with lower egg and dairy intakes (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002 respectively). Conclusion: Most pregnant women in the current study had choline intakes that were lower than recommended. It is recommended that adequate choline intake during pregnancy be encouraged through public health messaging to promote consumption of foods that can significantly contribute to choline intake, such as eggs and dairy.
Locoregional treatment of the primary tumor may improve overall survival and cancer-specific survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastases
Authors: Deng Peng , Wang Anan , Liu Lei , Liu Zhiyang , Luo Yonghui , Yi Chenghao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aims: we sought to analyze data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to conduct an epidemiologic study of the potential effect of surgery on survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Methods: Included in the analyses were histologically confirmed AJCC M1 breast cancer with bone metastasis who were diagnosed from January 2010 to December 2011. These patients were grouped according to whether or not they have undergone mastectomy. To account for differences in baseline characteristics, a propensity score was estimated to optimally adjust the data for the bias between the two groups. Results: From a total of 1180 breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, 508 patients underwent mastectomy and 672 did not undergo mastectomy. The 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 67.2%, and 45.8% compared with 49.5%, and 27.9% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy. The 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 69.1%, and 49.2% compared with 52.4%, and 30.7% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy. Using the weights and strata obtained by the propensity score matching procedure, The 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 68.1%, and 45.6% compared with 48.8%, and 28.7% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy；The 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 70.2%, and 49.7% compared with 53.3%, and 31.9% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy. Conclusions: Locoregional treatment was shown to be independently associated with improvement in survival in IV breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Therefore, surgical management for the primary tumor could be considered more actively in selected patients with stage IV breast cancer.
Understanding the Role and Design Space of Demand Sinks in Low-carbon Power Systems
Authors: Jagt Sam van der , Jenkins Jesse 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As wind and solar penetration increases, electricity systems will experience common periods of overgeneration and low prices. A variety of flexible electricity loads, or ‘demand sinks’, could be deployed to use intermittently available low-cost electricity to produce valuable outputs (also known as ‘Power-to-X’). This study provides a general framework to evaluate any potential demand sink technology and understand its viability to be deployed cost-effectively in low-carbon power systems. We use an electricity system optimization model to assess 98 discrete combinations of capital costs and output values that collectively span the range of feasible characteristics of potential demand sink technologies. We find that candidates like hydrogen electrolysis, direct air capture and flexible electric heating can all achieve significant installed capacity (>10% of system peak load). Demand sink technologies significantly increase installed wind and solar capacity, while not significantly affecting battery storage or firm generating capacity, or the average cost of electricity.
Universal Mechanism to Link Multiple Datasets with Synthetic Populations for Clinical and Epidemiological Research
Authors: Bobashev Georgiy , Hadley Emily , Karr Alan , Kery Caroline , Rineer James 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many modern predictive models require knowledge acquired from multiple datasets, yet data linkage can be a substantial challenge. Datasets exist in a wide variety of formats and linking them directly is often infeasible or restricted by privacy requirements. One solution is to map variables from different datasets onto a synthetic population, producing a dataset that contains information from multiple sources sufficient for reliable statistical inference with quantifiable uncertainty. This approach is universal because it is applicable to a broad range of datasets and has good potential for privacy protection.We consider datasets with information about individuals and describe three methods for building linked synthetic data: resampling, modeling predictors independently, and modeling predictors sequentially. We apply these methods to the prediction of the prevalence of Florida youth vaping by state, county, and census tract using the 2018 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS) and the 5-Year American Community Survey (ACS). We find that resampling and sequential modeling most closely approximate the 2018 survey results, and that the sequential model captures more variability. We find that the order of predicting the variables in sequential modeling does not substantially impact the outcome.
Insertions in SARS-CoV-2 genome caused by template switch and duplications give rise to new variants of potential concern
Authors: Garushyants Sofiya , Rogozin Igor , Koonin Eugene 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The appearance of multiple new SARS-CoV-2 variants during the winter of 2020–2021 is a matter of grave concern. Some of these new variants, such as B.1.351 and B.1.1.17, manifest higher infectivity and virulence than the earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, with potential dramatic effects on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, analysis of new SARS-CoV-2 variants focused primarily on point nucleotide substitutions and short deletions that are readily identifiable by comparison to consensus genome sequences. In contrast, insertions have largely escaped the attention of researchers although the furin site insert in the spike protein is thought to be a determinant of SARS-CoV-2 virulence and other inserts might have contributed to coronavirus pathogenicity as well. Here, we investigate insertions in SARS-CoV-2 genomes and identify 141 unique inserts of different lengths. We present evidence that these inserts reflect actual virus variance rather than sequencing errors. Two principal mechanisms appear to account for the inserts in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, polymerase slippage and template switch that might be associated with the synthesis of subgenomic RNAs. We show that inserts in the Spike glycoprotein can affect its antigenic properties and thus have to be monitored. At least, two inserts in the N-terminal domain of the Spike (ins246DSWG and ins15ATLRI) that were first detected in January 2021 are predicted to lead to escape from neutralizing antibodies whereas other inserts might result in escape from T-cell immunity.
A Comparative Study on Risk Prediction Model of type 2 Diabetes based on Machine Learning Theory
Authors: Wang Shu , Chen Rong , Lin Chunwen , Luo Ling , Huang Jialu , Liu Hao , Chen Weiying , Xu Jian , Zhang Qiaoli , Yu Haibing , Ding Yuanlin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, the risk prediction model of type 2 diabetes was established by Logistic regression, decision tree, BP neural network, support vector machine and deep neural network methods based on the survey data of residents of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province during 2016-2018 and its risk factors. The prediction effect of the model was evaluated based on the accuracy rate, recall rate, AUC value of the area under the curve and other indicators. DeLong test was used to statistically analyze the difference in AUC value of each model, and the prediction results of each model were compared and analyzed. The results showed that, based on the selected data set, the prediction effect of the backpropagation neural network model was the best, the accuracy was as high as 93.7%, the recall rate was 92.8%, and the AUC was 0.977. This study could provide a methodical reference for the prediction of the disease risk of type 2 diabetes.
Bacteria Community Structure Analysis of Daqu in Different Storage Periods of SheDian Liquor
Authors: liu yanbo , Jin Shangping , Zhao Zhijun , Fu Junying , Wang Xian , Sun Xiyu , Han Suna , Pan Chunmei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
[Purpose] In order to study the diversity of bacterial communities in different storage periods of Daqu of Shedian liquor.[Methods]We probed into the changes of bacterial community compositions in Daqu (yeasts for making hard liquors) of Shedian liquor after different storage periods and identified 20 phyla and 268 genera of bacterial communities in the bacterial 16S rDNA V3-V4 zone by using high- throughput sequencing. [Result]It was found the absolutely dominant phylum was Firmicutes in both the 3- and 6-month-old Daqu, accounting for 62.66% and 63.53% respectively, but was Proteobacteria (80.86%) in the 9-month-old Daqu. The absolutely dominant genera were Lactococcus (27.90%) and Enterobacter (23.14%) in the 3-month-old Daqu, were the unclassified f Peptostreptococcaceae (24.64%) and Escherichia-Shigella (11.80%) in the 6-month-old Daqu, and was Enterobacter (79.80%) in the 9-month-old Daqu. [Conclusion]From the perspective of bacterial community composition, the Daqu after 6 months of storage is most favorable for white liquor production and fermentation.
Space-Time Anomaly Characteristics of Strain Field before the Ms≥7.0 Earthquakes, In Mainland China
Authors: Luo Guofu , Fenghe Ding , Mingzhi Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Seismologists focus on analyzing and capturing medium and short-term impending anomalies of medium and small earthquakes before large earthquakes. The natural orthogonal expansion method can effectively extract small and medium seismicity anomalies in the epicentral region before large earthquakes, which can improve the prediction of large earthquakes. In this study, the strain range of small earthquakes that occurred in the Chinese mainland before 1980, specifically ten Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, were calculated, and the temporal and spatial anomalies of the strain fields before the large earthquakes were extracted. The active faults in each large earthquake area were analyzed to identify the dangerous areas (Epicenter of earthquake) of the large earthquake. In addition, compared with the seismic energy field method, the natural orthogonal expansion method effectively captured the short-term and impending anomalies in the seismic strain field before large earthquakes. The results of this study can have a significant impact on the analysis of anomalies by strain field, and make an outstanding contribution to the study of large earthquake prediction.
A multi omics approach unravels metagenomic and metabolic alterations of a probiotic in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Rasmussen Jacob Agerbo , Villumsen Kasper Rømer , Ernst Madeleine , Hansen Martin , Forberg Torunn , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Bojesen Anders Miki , Kristiansen Karsten , Limborg Morten Tønsberg 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Animal protein production is increasingly looking towards microbiome associated services such as the design of new and better probiotic solutions to further improve gut health and production sustainability. Here, we investigate the functional effects of bacteria based pro- and synbiotic feed additives on microbiome associated functions in relation to growth performance in the commercially important rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We combine complementary insights from multiple omics datasets from gut content samples, including 16S bacterial profiling, whole metagenomes, and untargeted metabolomics, to investigate bacterial metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) and their molecular interactions with host metabolism.
Results

Our findings reveal, that (I) feed additives changed the microbiome and that rainbow trout reared with feed additives had a significantly reduced relative abundance of the salmonid related Candidatus Mycoplasma salmoninae in both the mid and distal gut content, (II) genome resolved metagenomics revealed that alterations of microbial arginine biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone synthesis pathways were directly associated with presence of Candidatus Mycoplasma salmoninae, (III) differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota among feed types were directly associated with significant changes of the metabolomic landscape, including lipids and lipid-like metabolites, amino acids, bile acids, and steroid-related metabolites, (IV) performance data of pro- and synbiotic additives indicates alterations of protein and lipid efficiency ratios in rainbow trout.
Conclusion

Our results demonstrate how use of multi-omics to investigate complex host-microbiome interactions enable us to better evaluate the functional potential of probiotics compared to studies that only measure overall growth performance or that only characterise the microbial composition in intestinal environments.
Stability Issues of Two-wheeled Trailers Caused by the Nonlinear Coupling between the Lateral and Vertical Motions
Authors: Horvath Hanna Zsofia , Takacs Denes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The nonlinear dynamics of two-wheeled trailers is investigated using a spatial 4-DoF mechanical model. The non-smooth characteristics of the tire forces and other geometrical nonlinearities are taken into account. Beyond the linear stability analysis, the nonlinear vibrations are analyzed with special respect to the nonlinear coupling between the vertical and lateral motions of the trailer. The center manifold reduction is performed leading to a normal form up to third degree terms. The nature of the emerging periodic solutions, thus, the sense of the Hopf bifurcations are verified semi-analytically and numerically. Simplified models of the trailer are also used in order to point out the practical relavance of the study. Experiments are carried out on a small-scale trailer to validate the theoretical results.
Investigation of transmission rate of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among contacted patients and healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Chang Euijin , Chang Ho Eun , Shin Il Seob , Oh Young Rok , Kang Chang Kyung , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Choi Eun Hwa , Oh Myoung-don , Park Kyoung Un , Kim Nam Joong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

To reduce transmission of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE), it is recommended that patients and healthcare workers in close contact with CP-CRE-positive patients be screened. The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission rate of CP-CRE to patients and healthcare workers in close contact with CP-CRE-positive patients using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with remeasurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Methods

This study was conducted in a 1,751-bed tertiary teaching hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. The index patients were those found to be CP-CRE-positive during hospitalization and subsequently isolated in single rooms with contact precautions. Screening tests were performed on the patients who shared a room with the index patients for at least one day and the healthcare workers who cared for them. When CRE was isolated, the presence and type of carbapenemase was determined using polymerase chain reaction, and WGS with remeasurement of the MIC was performed to determine the strain type and to verify the association between the CRE and that of the index patient. When the CP-CRE identified in patients or healthcare workers in contact with an index patient had a different type of carbapenemase, the pairs were excluded from genetic analysis.
Results

A total of 47 index patients were found to have been in contact with 152 patients in shared rooms and 54 healthcare workers. Among the 152 contacted patients, ten had carbapenemase-non-producing CRE and seven had CP-CRE. None of the healthcare workers had CRE (95% confidence interval 0.0%-0.1%). Four patients had the same type of carbapenemase as their index patients, all of which were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. WGS with remeasurement of MIC revealed that three of these four patients had genotypes and phenotypes in accordance with the index patient. Consequently, the CP-CRE transmission rate was 2.0% (95% confidence interval 0.4–5.6%).
Conclusions

The CP-CRE transmission rate between index patients and those in close contact was approximately 2.0%, while there was no transmission of CP-CRE to healthcare workers.
Mechanism of 6061 Aluminium Material Erosion in USEMM
Authors: TONG WENJUN , He Kailei , Wang Xindi , Xu Xuefeng , Wang Minghuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Micro-structure on metal surface can be created with high precision and good surface quality by ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical micromachining (USEMM). One of the prevalent material removal mechanisms in ultrasonic machining (UM) is cavitation erosion. However, the mechanism of material erosion is not clear and worth investigating. This study of the mechanical and chemical effects of the ultrasonic vibration in 6061 aluminium alloy is targeted to reveal the material processing mechanism in USEMM. Based on the built model, the velocity of micro-jet produced near the workpiece surface by ultrasonic cavitation reaches up to 350 m/s when bubble collapses computed by software MATLAB. The impact of micro jet produces plastic micro-pits on the metal surface and the convex peak around the edge of the pits, which is verified in ABAQUS software. The metallographic microscope and curves of the electrochemical polarization behaviour results indicate a significant grain refinement and a marked increase of anodic dissolution current, as well as a weaker resistance than the original workpiece in NaNO3 electrolyte during UM. The current-time curve during machining demonstrates the passive layer forms on the metal surface and then breaks down at the time of less than 0.0066s in USEMM. Micrographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the machined surface in different stages show that many uniform and flat pits are formed in USEMM, compared with the local uneven pits in EMM.
Succession of the Gut Microbiome in the Tibetan Population of the Minjiang River Basin
Authors: Mo Chunfen , Li Jun , Sun Lin , Chen Baijun , Liu Jing , Li Xuemei , Song Lingmeng , Yang Wen , Zuo Luo , Zhou Yan , Sun Jingping , Qin Ling , He Feng , Deng Li , Tang Yuanqin , Yang Lin , Kang Lesiji , He Yonghua , Wang Songbo , Chen Junru , Wang Xianyue , Qin Xiaofeng , Li Xiaoan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Tibetans are one of the oldest ethnic groups in China and South Asia. Tibetans have a unique lifestyle and a long history, which leads to the particularity of the composition and function of their gut microflora. Tibetans in the Minjiang River basin have gradually increased their migration to the Chengdu Plain in recent years. Based on the analysis of 1059 Tibetans in the Minjiang River basin at an altitude of 500-4001 m, we analyzed the characteristics of the gut microbiome and further elaborated the main factors affecting the succession of the gut microbiome in the Tibetan population.Results: Our study found that the dominant phyla of the Tibetan population were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the main genera were Prevotella and Bacteroides. To further study the factors affecting the gut microbial composition of the Tibetan population, 115 total parameters of 7 categories were evaluated. The results showed that altitude was the most important factor affecting the variation in the microbial community in the Tibetan population, and the change in altitude promoted the succession of the gut microbial community. In the process of migration from high altitudes to the plain, the gut microbial composition of late immigrants was similar to that of plateau aborigines, while that of early immigrants was similar to that of plain aborigines. Migration to Tibet is related to the loss of indigenous gut microbial community species. In addition, from low altitude to high altitude, the similarity of the microbial community with the high-altitude population increased with the reproduction of offspring after marriage. Changes in these microbials will affect the metabolism, disease incidence and cell function of the Tibetan population. The other two sets (AGP and Z208) of altitude data also showed the impact of altitude on the microbial community.Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study on the factors influencing the gut microflora in a Tibetan population. Our study confirmed that altitude change is the most important factor affecting the distribution of the microflora in the Tibetan population and provided abundant and unique data to explore the interaction of impact parameter-gut microbiome-host function and disease.