bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting healthcare workers’ compliance with social and behavioural infection control measures during emerging infectious disease outbreaks: rapid evidence review
Authors: Brooks Samantha K , Greenberg N , Wessely Simon , Rubin G J 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe 2019–2020 outbreak of novel coronavirus has raised concerns about nosocomial transmission. This review’s aim was to explore the existing literature on emerging infectious disease outbreaks to identify factors associated with compliance with infection control measures among healthcare staff.MethodsA rapid evidence review for primary studies relevant to healthcare workers’ compliance with infection control measures.ResultsFifty-six papers were reviewed. Staff working in emergency or intensive care settings or with contact with confirmed cases appeared more likely to comply with recommendations. There was some evidence that anxiety and concern about the risk of infection were more associated with compliance, and that monitoring from superiors could improve compliance. Observed non-compliance of colleagues could hinder compliance. Staff identified many barriers to compliance related to personal protective equipment, including availability, perceived difficulty and effectiveness, inconvenience, discomfort and a negative impact on patient care. There were many issues regarding the communication and ease of understanding of infection control guidance.ConclusionWe recommend provision of training and education tailored for different occupational roles within the healthcare setting, managerial staff ‘leading by example’, ensuring adequate resources for infection control and timely provision of practical evidence-based infection control guidelines.
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C variants in paediatric-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: natural history and clinical outcomes
Authors: Field Ella , Norrish Gabrielle , Acquaah Vanessa , Dady Kathleen , Cicerchia Marcos Nicolas , Ochoa Juan Pablo , Syrris Petros , McLeod Karen , McGowan Ruth , Fell Hannah , Lopes Luis R , Cervi Elena , Kaski Juan Pablo Pablo 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundVariants in the cardiac myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) are a common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in adults and have been associated with late-onset disease, but there are limited data on their role in paediatric-onset HCM. The objective of this study was to describe natural history and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of children with HCM and pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) MYBPC3 variants.Methods and resultsLongitudinal data from 62 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM under 18 years of age and carrying at least one P/LP MYBPC3 variant were collected from a single specialist referral centre. The primary patient outcome was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Median age at diagnosis was 10 (IQR: 2–14) years, with 12 patients (19.4%) diagnosed in infancy. Forty-seven (75%) were boy and 31 (50%) were probands. Median length of follow-up was 3.1 (IQR: 1.6–6.9) years. Nine patients (14.5%) experienced an MACE during follow-up and five (8%) died. Twenty patients (32.3%) had evidence of ventricular arrhythmia, including 6 patients (9.7%) presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Five-year freedom from MACE for those with a single or two MYBPC3 variants was 95.2% (95% CI: 78.6% to 98.5%) and 68.4% (95% CI: 40.6% to 88.9%), respectively (HR 4.65, 95% CI: 1.16 to 18.66, p=0.03).ConclusionsMYBPC3 variants can cause childhood-onset disease, which is frequently associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Clinical outcomes in this cohort vary substantially from aetiologically and genetically mixed paediatric HCM cohorts described previously, highlighting the importance of identifying specific genetic subtypes for clinical management of childhood HCM.
Myasthenia gravis genome-wide association study implicates AGRN as a risk locus
Authors: Topaloudi Apostolia , Zagoriti Zoi , Flint Alyssa Camille , Martinez Melanie Belle , Yang Zhiyu , Tsetsos Fotis , Christou Yiolanda-Panayiota , Lagoumintzis George , Yannaki Evangelia , Zamba-Papanicolaou Eleni , Tzartos John , Tsekmekidou Xanthippi , Kotsa Kalliopi , Maltezos Efstratios , Papanas Nikolaos , Papazoglou Dimitrios , Passadakis Ploumis , Roumeliotis Athanasios , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Theodoridis Marios , Thodis Elias , Panagoutsos Stylianos , Yovos John , Stamatoyannopoulos John , Poulas Konstantinos , Kleopa Kleopas , Tzartos Socrates , Georgitsi Marianthi , Paschou Peristera 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of MG via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the largest MG data set analysed to date.MethodsWe performed GWAS meta-analysis integrating three different data sets (total of 1401 cases and 3508 controls). We carried out human leucocyte antigen (HLA) fine-mapping, gene-based and tissue enrichment analyses and investigated genetic correlation with 13 other autoimmune disorders as well as pleiotropy across MG and correlated disorders.ResultsWe confirmed the previously reported MG association with TNFRSF11A (rs4369774; p=1.09×10−13, OR=1.4). Furthermore, gene-based analysis revealed AGRN as a novel MG susceptibility gene. HLA fine-mapping pointed to two independent MG loci: HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B. MG onset-specific analysis reveals differences in the genetic architecture of early-onset MG (EOMG) versus late-onset MG (LOMG). Furthermore, we find MG to be genetically correlated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), late-onset vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). Cross-disorder meta-analysis reveals multiple risk loci that appear pleiotropic across MG and correlated disorders.DiscussionOur gene-based analysis identifies AGRN as a novel MG susceptibility gene, implicating for the first time a locus encoding a protein (agrin) that is directly relevant to NMJ activation. Mutations in AGRN have been found to underlie congenital myasthenic syndrome. Our results are also consistent with previous studies highlighting the role of HLA and TNFRSF11A in MG aetiology and the different risk genes in EOMG versus LOMG. Finally, we uncover the genetic correlation of MG with T1D, RA, ATD and late-onset vitiligo, pointing to shared underlying genetic mechanisms.
IgG1 pan-neurofascin antibodies identify a severe yet treatable neuropathy with a high mortality
Authors: Fehmi Janev , Davies Alexander J , Walters Jon , Lavin Timothy , Keh Ryan , Rossor Alexander M , Munteanu Tudor , Delanty Norman , Roberts Rhys , Bäumer Dirk , Lennox Graham , Rinaldi Simon 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to define the clinical and serological characteristics of pan-neurofascin antibody-positive patients.MethodsWe tested serum from patients with suspected immune-mediated neuropathies for antibodies directed against nodal/paranodal protein antigens using a live cell-based assay and solid-phase platform. The clinical and serological characteristics of antibody-positive and seronegative patients were then compared. Sera positive for pan-neurofascin were also tested against live myelinated human stem cell-derived sensory neurons for antibody binding.ResultsEight patients with IgG1-subclass antibodies directed against both isoforms of the nodal/paranodal cell adhesion molecule neurofascin were identified. All developed rapidly progressive tetraplegia. Cranial nerve deficits (100% vs 26%), autonomic dysfunction (75% vs 13%) and respiratory involvement (88% vs 14%) were more common than in seronegative patients. Four patients died despite treatment with one or more modalities of standard immunotherapy (intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids and/or plasmapheresis), whereas the four patients who later went on to receive the B cell-depleting therapy rituximab then began to show progressive functional improvements within weeks, became seronegative and ultimately became functionally independent.ConclusionsIgG1 pan-neurofascin antibodies define a very severe autoimmune neuropathy. We urgently recommend trials of targeted immunotherapy for this serologically classified patient group.
Evolving climate network perspectives on global surface air temperature effects of ENSO and strong volcanic eruptions
Authors: Kittel Tim , Ciemer Catrin , Lotfi Nastaran , Peron Thomas , Rodrigues Francisco , Kurths Jürgen , Donner Reik V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpisodically occurring internal (climatic) and external (non-climatic) disruptions of normal climate variability are known to both affect spatio-temporal patterns of global surface air temperatures (SAT) at time-scales between multiple weeks and several years. The magnitude and spatial manifestation of the corresponding effects depend strongly on the specific type of perturbation and may range from weak spatially coherent yet regionally confined trends to a global reorganization of co-variability due to the excitation or inhibition of certain large-scale teleconnectivity patterns. Here, we employ functional climate network analysis to distinguish qualitatively the global climate responses to different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from those to the three largest volcanic eruptions since the mid-20th century as the two most prominent types of recurrent climate disruptions. Our results confirm that strong ENSO episodes can cause a temporary breakdown of the normal hierarchical organization of the global SAT field, which is characterized by the simultaneous emergence of consistent regional temperature trends and strong teleconnections. By contrast, the most recent strong volcanic eruptions exhibited primarily regional effects rather than triggering additional long-range teleconnections that would not have been present otherwise. By relying on several complementary network characteristics, our results contribute to a better understanding of climate network properties by differentiating between climate variability reorganization mechanisms associated with internal variability versus such triggered by non-climatic abrupt and localized perturbations.
On n-generalized commutators and Lie ideals of rings
Authors: Danchev Peter V. , Lee Tsiu-Kwen 
Published: August 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be an associative ring. Given a positive integer [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text] we define [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]-generalized commutator of [Formula: see text]. By an [Formula: see text]-generalized Lie ideal of [Formula: see text] (at the [Formula: see text]th position with [Formula: see text]) we mean an additive subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] and all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. In the paper, we study [Formula: see text]-generalized commutators of rings and prove that if [Formula: see text] is a noncommutative prime ring and [Formula: see text], then every nonzero [Formula: see text]-generalized Lie ideal of [Formula: see text] contains a nonzero ideal. Therefore, if [Formula: see text] is a noncommutative simple ring, then [Formula: see text]. This extends a classical result due to Herstein [Generalized commutators in rings, Portugal. Math. 13 (1954) 137–139]. Some generalizations and related questions on [Formula: see text]-generalized commutators and their relationship with noncommutative polynomials are also discussed.
Dietary Fats High in Linoleic Acids Impair Antitumor T-cell Responses by Inducing E-FABP–Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Jin Rong , Hao Jiaqing , Yi Yanmei , Yin Di , Hua Yuan , Li Xiaohong , Bao Hanmei , Han Xianlin , Egilmez Nejat K. , Sauter Edward R. , Li Bing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The most recent American Dietary Guidelines (2020–2025) recommend shifting dietary fats from solid saturated fats to unsaturated oils. Dietary oils contain different compositions of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) are the most common UFA in dietary oils. How individual UFA in oils regulate immune cell function and cancer risk remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that high-fat diets (HFD) rich either in OA or LA induced a similar degree of murine obesity, but the LA-rich HFD specifically promoted mammary tumor growth. LA impaired antitumor T-cell responses by promoting naïve T-cell apoptosis and inhibiting TNFα production. While exogenous OA and LA were taken up by T cells with similar efficacy, only LA induced significant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. Importantly, naïve T cells predominantly expressed epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP), which is central in facilitating LA mitochondrial transport and cardiolipin incorporation. Genetic depletion of E-FABP rescued LA-impaired T-cell responses and suppressed LA-rich HFD-associated mammary tumor growth. Collectively, these data suggest that dietary oils high in LA promote mammary tumors by inducing E-FABP–mediated T-cell dysfunction.

Significance:
These findings suggest that modulation of dietary oil composition and inhibition of E-FABP activity may represent novel strategies to enhance T-cell function in the prevention and treatment of obesity-associated cancers.
Inhibiting Fatty Acid Synthase with Omeprazole to Improve Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Operable TNBC
Authors: Sardesai Sagar D. , Thomas Alexandra , Gallagher Christopher , Lynce Filipa , Ottaviano Yvonne Lynn , Ballinger Tarah Jean , Schneider Bryan P. , Storniolo Anna Maria , Bauchle Amber , Althouse Sandra K. , Perkins Susan M. , Masters Andrea R. , Stratford Robert E. , Dong Zizheng , Liu Jing-Yuan , Zhang Jian-Ting , Miller Kathy D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurpose:Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in 70% of operable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is associated with poor prognosis. Proton pump inhibitors selectively inhibit FASN activity and induce apoptosis in TNBC cell lines.Patients and Methods:Patients with operable TNBC were enrolled in this single-arm phase II study. Patients began omeprazole 80 mg orally twice daily for 4–7 days prior to neoadjuvant anthracycline–taxane-based chemotherapy (AC-T) and continued until surgery. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with baseline FASN overexpression (FASN+). Secondary endpoints included pCR in all surgery patients, change in FASN expression, enzyme activity, and downstream protein expression after omeprazole monotherapy, safety, and limited omeprazole pharmacokinetics.Results:Forty-two patients were recruited with a median age of 51 years (28–72). Most patients had ≥cT2 (33, 79%) and ≥N1 (22, 52%) disease. FASN overexpression prior to AC-T was identified in 29 of 34 (85%) evaluable samples. The pCR rate was 72.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 52.8–87.3] in FASN+ patients and 74.4% (95% CI, 57.9–87.0) in all surgery patients. Peak omeprazole concentration was significantly higher than the IC50 for FASN inhibition observed in preclinical testing; FASN expression significantly decreased with omeprazole monotherapy [mean change 0.12 (SD, 0.25); P = 0.02]. Omeprazole was well tolerated with no grade ≥ 3 toxicities.Conclusions:FASN is commonly expressed in early TNBC. Omeprazole can be safely administered in doses that inhibit FASN. The addition of omeprazole to neoadjuvant AC-T yields a promising pCR rate that needs further confirmation in randomized studies.
An approach to assess the quality of honey using partial least square method
Authors: Rajalakshmi G. , Gopal A. , Pandian R. 
Published: August 2021

<p>The objective of the present study is to obtain the quantity of honey components such as moisture, glucose, fructose and sucrose in order to access the quality of honey. The tested honey samples are authenticated if the characteristics of a pure honey. The average ratio of 56% fructose to 44% glucose, but the ratios in the individual honeys ranged from a high of 64% fructose and 36% glucose to a low of 50% fructose and 50% glucose. The contents such as fructose and sucrose in honey is due to the presence of invertase enzymes. The organic acids present in the honey is responsible for the flavor and stability against the contamination of honey due to microorganisms. The natural food items are adulterated intentionally to increase the quantity and there by the quality gets affected. The main adulterants added in honey are sucrose, corn syrup, sugar syrup and jaggery syrup. The quantification deals in finding out the amount of basic constituents present in pure honey and adulterated honey using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer with the multivariate analysis and validating the same using chemical analysis method. The partial least square model is used in predicting the constituents of the samples.</p>
O narrador recusado por Saramago
Authors: Leite Jr José 
Published: August 2021

Este artigo foi motivado por duas declarações do escritor português José Saramago, nas quais ele rejeita a existência de um narrador não identificado com o autor. Saramago aparentemente coloca em dúvida as teorias da enunciação, que são enfáticas em separar o autor como pessoa da figura do narrador, que só teria sentido nos limites do texto. Haveria, assim, uma confusão entre o que tem natureza ontológica e o que tem natureza linguística. No entanto, um exame dessas declarações à luz de categorias semiótico-discursivas greimasianas permite inferir que ele considera a atividade do autor como um trabalho artístico. Como marxista, Saramago defende a singularidade do trabalho artístico e não admite sua cisão ou alienação. Essa negação do narrador não é um fato isolado no posicionamento crítico de Saramago, mas faz parte da estratégia discursiva por ele adotada. Baseado na ideia de que a negação é essencialmente revolucionária, ele contesta o automatismo do discurso burguês. Para tanto, ele recria no texto ficcional situações homólogas à da história, marcadas pela imprevisibilidade, já que os fatos, ficcionais ou não, não se explicam a si mesmos, mas são resultado de uma complexa correlação de forças postas em jogo no cenário social.
Additive Value of Preprocedural Computed Tomography Planning Versus Stand‐Alone Transesophageal Echocardiogram Guidance to Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Comparison of Real‐World Practice
Authors: So Chak‐yu , Kang Guson , Villablanca Pedro A. , Ignatius Abel , Asghar Saleha , Dhillon Dilshan , Lee James C. , Khan Arfaat , Singh Gurjit , Frisoli Tiberio M. , O’Neill Brian P. , Eng Marvin H. , Song Thomas , Pantelic Milan , O’Neill William W. , Wang Dee Dee 
Published: August 2021

Background
Transesophageal echocardiogram is currently the standard preprocedural imaging for left atrial appendage occlusion. This study aimed to assess the additive value of preprocedural computed tomography (CT) planning versus stand‐alone transesophageal echocardiogram imaging guidance to left atrial appendage occlusion.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively reviewed 485 Watchman implantations at a single center to compare the outcomes of using additional CT preprocedural planning (n=328, 67.6%) versus stand‐alone transesophageal echocardiogram guidance (n=157, 32.4%) for left atrial appendage occlusion. The primary end point was the rate of successful device implantation without major peri‐device leak (>5 mm). Secondary end points included major adverse events, total procedural time, delivery sheath and devices used, risk of major peri‐device leak and device‐related thrombus at follow‐up imaging. A single/anterior‐curve delivery sheath was used more commonly in those who underwent CT imaging (35.9% versus 18.8%;
P
<0.001). Additional preprocedural CT planning was associated with a significantly higher successful device implantation rate (98.5% versus 94.9%;
P
=0.02), a shorter procedural time (median, 45.5 minutes versus 51.0 minutes;
P
=0.03) and a less frequent change of device size (5.6% versus 12.1%;
P
=0.01), particularly device upsize (4% versus 9.4%;
P
=0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the risk of major adverse events (2.1% versus 1.9%;
P
=0.87). Only 1 significant peri‐device leak (0.2%) and 5 device‐related thrombi were detected in follow‐up (1.2%) with no intergroup difference.

Conclusions
Additional preprocedural planning using CT in Watchman implantation was associated with a higher successful device implantation rate, a shorter total procedural time, and a less frequent change of device sizes.
The Interaction between the Nocturnal Amazonian Low-Level Jet and Convection in CESM
Authors: Bai Hedanqiu , Schumacher Courtney 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA nocturnal Amazonian low-level jet (ALLJ) was recently diagnosed using reanalysis data. This work assesses the ability of CESM1.2.2 to reproduce the jet and explores the mechanisms by which the ALLJ influences convection in the Amazon. The coupled CESM simulates the nocturnal ALLJ realistically, while CAM5 does not. A low-level cold air temperature bias in the eastern Amazon exists in CAM5, and thus the ALLJ is weaker than observed. However, a cold SST bias over the equatorial North Atlantic in the coupled model offsets the cold air temperature bias, producing a realistic ALLJ. Climate models significantly underestimate March–May (MAM) precipitation over the eastern Amazon. We ran two sensitivity experiments using the coupled CESM by adding bottom-heavy diabatic heating at noon and midnight for 2.5 h along the coastal Amazon during MAM to mimic the occurrence of shallow precipitating convection. When heating is added during the early afternoon, coastal convection deepens and the ALLJ transports moisture inland from the ocean, preconditioning the environment for deep convective development during the ensuing hours. The increased convection over the eastern Amazon also moderately alleviates the equatorial Atlantic westerly wind bias, leading to deepening of the east Atlantic thermocline in the following months and partially improving the simulated June–August (JJA) Atlantic cold tongue in the coupled model. When heating is added at night, coastal convection does not strengthen as much and the ALLJ transports less moisture. Improvements in the simulated Atlantic winds and SST are negligible. Therefore, diurnal circulations matter to the organization of convection and rain across the Amazon, with impacts over the equatorial Atlantic.