bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La promotion du sport auto-organisé dans la redéfinition des usages d’un espace public à forte valeur touristique : le cas des berges de Seine à Paris
Authors: Bourbillères Hugo , Évrard Barbara , Charrier Dominique 
Published: February 2021

Les espaces urbains sont de plus en plus aménagés en territoire de loisirs et de tourisme sportif. Dans une métropole, ce type de dispositif dépassant la stricte sphère événementielle peut contribuer à la redéfinition des usages d’un espace public. Jouxtant la Seine, le projet de piétonisation et de réaménagement des « voies sur berges » à Paris participe de cette volonté de redonner de l’espace aux Parisiens et aux touristes qui fréquentent en nombre le centre de Paris. En examinant la dimension sportive du projet lors de ses premières années de fonctionnement (2013-2016), cet article analyse la manière dont ce dispositif transversal parvient à garantir la cohabitation d’usages, d’une part, parisiens, franciliens ou touristiques et, d’autre part, oisifs, sportifs, culturels ou encore économiques. On verra par ailleurs que le sport fait l’objet d’appropriations différentes selon les acteurs. Cette situation singulière au cœur de Paris, ville mondialement connue, consacre la pratique auto-organisée comme étant la forme de sport idoine pour la cohabitation des usages en milieu urbain. Dans ce contexte, les événements, porteurs d’un imaginaire festif et positif, servent d’outil de légitimation à un projet d’envergure qui reste avant tout un lieu touristique et symbolique classé au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO.
Nulle part ailleurs. La périphérie touristique en question
Authors: Marcotte Pascale , Lapointe Dominic , Sarrasin Bruno , Bourdeau Laurent 
Published: February 2021

Ce numéro deTéorosporte sur les territoires considérés comme « non touristiques » parce qu’ils sont à la marge, en périphérie, excentrés des destinations touristiques reconnues. Le tourisme se définissant comme un séjour « hors de l’environnement habituel », cet ailleurs doit néanmoins être suffisamment « extra-ordinaire » pour encourager le déplacement.
Le préjudice d’impréparation en matière médicale
Authors: Gout Olivier 
Published: February 2021

Le préjudice d’impréparation en matière médicale a fait son apparition très récemment en droit français. Il vise à indemniser le préjudice moral tenant au choc subi par la victime qui apprend qu’un risque médical dissimulé, auquel elle n’a donc pas pu se préparer, s’est réalisé. Ce préjudice se justifie par le droit à la dignité du patient et par le droit à l’intégrité du corps humain, l’information étant dorénavant élevée au rang de droit fondamental. Le préjudice d’impréparation soulève toutefois de nombreuses difficultés comme celle de son évaluation ou encore celle de son articulation avec d’autres chefs de préjudice, telle la perte de chance associée à la renonciation à un acte médical. La présente étude tente donc de brosser le portrait de ce préjudice encore, semble-t-il, en cours d’élaboration.
Liver cancer mortality over six decades in an epidemic area: what we have learned
Authors: Chen Jian-Guo , Zhu Jian , Zhang Yong-Hui , Chen Yong-Sheng , Lu Jian-Hua , Zhu Yuan-Rong , Chen Hai-Zhen , Shen Ai-Guo , Wang Gao-Ren , Groopman John D. , Kensler Thomas W. 
Published: February 2021

Background and aims:
Liver cancer is one of the most dominant malignant tumors in the world. The trends of liver cancer mortality over the past six decades have been tracked in the epidemic region of Qidong, China. Using epidemiological tools, we explore the dynamic changes in age-standardized rates to characterize important aspects of liver cancer etiology and prevention.

Methods
Mortality data of liver cancer in Qidong from 1958 to 1971 (death retrospective survey) and from 1972 to 2017 (cancer registration) were tabulated for the crude rate (CR), and age-standardized rate and age-birth cohorts. The average annual percentage change was calculated by the Joinpoint Regression Program.

Results
The natural death rate during 1958–2017 decreased from 9‰ to 5.4‰ and then increased to 8‰ as the population aged; cancer mortality rates rose continuously from 57/105 to 240/105. Liver cancer mortality increased from 20/105 to 80/105, and then dropped to less than 52/105 in 2017. Liver cancer deaths in 1972–2017 accounted for 30.53% of all cancers, with a CR of 60.48/105, age-standardized rate China (ASRC) of 34.78/105, and ASRW (world) of 45.71/105. Other key features were the CR for males and females of 91.86/105 and 29.92/105, respectively, with a sex ratio of 3.07:1. Period analysis showed that the ASRs for mortality of the age groups under 54 years old had a significant decreasing trend. Importantly, birth cohort analysis showed that the mortality rate of liver cancer in 40–44, 35–39, 30–34, 25–29, 20–24, 15–19 years cohort decreased considerably, but the rates in 70–74, and 75+ increased.

Conclusions
The crude mortality rate of liver cancer in Qidong has experienced trends from lower to higher levels, and from continued increase at a high plateau to most recently a gradual decline, and a change greatest in younger people. Many years of comprehensive prevention and intervention measures have influenced the decline of the liver cancer epidemic in this area. The reduction of intake levels of aflatoxin might be one of the most significant factors as evidenced by the dramatic decline of exposure biomarkers in this population during the past three decades.
Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Beef Carcass Samples from Eswatini
Authors: Dlamini B. N. , Mudyanavana C. , Gadaga T. H. , Masarirambi M. T. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated in beef carcasses slaughtered in Eswatini from 2017 to 2020.
Methods: Data analysed was officially recorded microbiological data from 2017 to 2020. Sterile broth moistened swabs were used aseptically to obtain carcass swab samples by using the non-destructive carcass sampling method. The method required that bacteriological sampling of carcasses be undertaken in the slaughterhouse without obtaining pieces of tissue samples from the sampling sites.
Results: A total of 1095 swab samples were analysed for Salmonella spp. A total of 25 Salmonella serovar isolates were identified during the study period. The predominant serovar was Salmonella Shwarzengrund (N=14; 56%). The second most frequently detected serovar was Salmonella Heidelberg (N=5; 20%). In addition, six other serovars were isolated and identified on carcasses. Each with a mean frequency of occurrence on the carcasses of N=1(4%).
Conclusion: This preliminary study has shown that various Salmonella serovars are present on beef carcasses slaughtered in Eswatini. About 25 Salmonella serovars were detected during the study period with the most prevalent being S. shwarzengrund and S. heidelberg. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out to determine the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains on beef carcasses in Eswatini.
Epidemiological Study of Salmonella typhi and Its Month-Wise Effect on Different Age Groups in Dehradun
Authors: Maurya Sandhya , Kalra Chetna , Mahto Rupesh Kumar , Singh Sandeep , Sharma Narotam , Semwal Shilpa 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Salmonella typhi is a bacterial disease caused by contaminated food and water, also known as foodborne and waterborne infection, it transmitted via faeco-oral route.
Materials and Methods: A total of 204 clinical isolates were considered for its proposed study. IgM/IgG rapid card test (CTK Biotech) was used for the detection and Widal test (BEACON) was also performed for the same.
Duration: March 2020 to November 2020.
Results: A total of 204 blood samples were analyzed with clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever, out of which, some cases showed reactiveness and 50.98% showed negative for Salmonella typhi. Widal test showed reactive result for O Ag (Somatic Antigen) and H Ag (flagellar antigen) and 8.82% IgG and 42.64% (monthly) IgM antibody showed positive result.
Conclusion: Typhoid IgM/IgG antibody rapid card test and Widal Antigen test, a simple and rapid method for the detection of Salmonella typhi bacterium in patient’s serum by serological techniques. Maximum number of positive cases were in the month of August, 2020 and September, 2020. The age group between 21-40 years were most infected by Salmonella typhi.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Basic Life Support among First Year Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Ravivarman D. , Kamala K. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Early initiation of Basic life support (BLS) with Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important contributory factor in the survival of Cardiac arrest. Effective and timely CPR reduces the likelihood of death following sudden cardiac arrest. Adequate knowledge and skills regarding BLS and appropriate application of the same is an essential requisite for nursing students.
Aim: To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Basic life support among first year undergraduate Nursing students.
Materials and Methods: Quantitative pre experimental research design was adopted for this present study. First year 59 undergraduate Nursing students were chosen by Purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by using demographic proforma and self structured knowledge questionnaire.
Results: Pre-test and post- test knowledge scores revealed that during pre-test, the mean score 8.6±3.07 (SD) which is 43% of the total mean score, whereas in post-test, the mean score was 15.13 ± 2.26(SD) which is 75.65% of the total mean score depicting difference of 32.65% increase in mean percentage of score. The calculated‘t’ value 24.89 which is higher than the P<0.05, stated that highly significant difference between the pre-test and post-test. It proved that the structured teaching programme was highly effective to improve the student’s knowledge.
When we are worried, what are we thinking? Anxiety, lack of control, and conspiracy beliefs amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Šrol Jakub , Ballová Mikušková Eva , Čavojová Vladimíra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSocietal crises and stressful events are associated with an upsurge of conspiracy beliefs that may help people to tackle feelings of lack of control. In our study (N = 783), we examined whether people with higher feelings of anxiety and lack of control early in the COVID‐19 pandemic endorse more conspiracy theories. Our results show that a higher perception of risk of COVID‐19 and lower trust in institutions' response to the pandemic were related to feelings of anxiety and lack of control. Feeling the lack of control, but not anxiety, independently predicted COVID‐19 conspiracy theory endorsement. Importantly, COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs were strongly correlated with generic conspiracy and pseudoscientific beliefs, which were likewise associated with the feeling of lack of control and lower trust in institutions. The results highlight that considering people's emotional responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic is crucial for our understanding of the spread of conspiracy and pseudoscientific beliefs.
History and emerging trends in chemotherapy for gastric cancer
Authors: Yamashita Keishi , Hosoda Kei , Niihara Masahiro , Hiki Naoki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChemotherapy is indispensable for gastric cancer. For unresectable and/or recurrent gastric cancer, first‐line chemotherapy consists of multidrug regimens including oral 5‐FU agents such as S1/Xeloda and platinum preparations, as well as Trastuzumab, which is effective in HER2‐positive cases. Second‐ and third‐line chemotherapy regimens include taxanes, Ramucirumab (R‐mab), and Nivolumab (N‐mab), which have different mechanisms of action from first‐line chemotherapy. R‐mab is molecularly targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in the host cells, but its indication is not conditional. For resectable gastric cancer, in Eastern countries, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy has been successful, including S1, Docetaxel/S1 (DS), and Xeloda/Oxaliplatin (Xelox) regimens, whereas, in Western countries, the 5‐FU/Leucovorin/Oxaliplatin/Docetaxel (FLOT) regimen was recently shown to be effective in the perioperative chemotherapy setting. Most recently, however, in Eastern countries, perioperative SOX was demonstrated to be effective in specific advanced gastric cancer. For stage IV gastric cancer, new therapeutic strategies have been proposed such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conversion surgery, and cures can be conditionally obtained. Recent genomic understanding of gastric cancer proposed a diversity of molecular targets by molecular profiling. Such optimized chemotherapy regimens, according to the specific clinical situations, have been rigorously established for the best survival of advanced gastric cancer.
Integrated design and control of reactive distillation processes using the driving force approach
Authors: Iftakher Ashfaq , Mansouri Seyed Soheil , Nahid Ahaduzzaman , Tula Anjan K. , Choudhury M. A. A. Shoukat , Lee Jay Hyung , Gani Rafiqul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSuperior controllability of reactive distillation (RD) systems, designed at the maximum driving force (design‐control solution) is demonstrated in this article. Binary or multielement single or double feed RD systems are considered. Reactive phase equilibrium data, needed for driving force analysis and design of the RD system, is generated through an in‐house property prediction tool. Rigorous steady‐state simulation is carried out in ASPEN plus in order to verify that the predefined design targets and dynamics are met. A multiobjective performance function is employed to evaluate the performance of the RD system in terms of energy consumption, sustainability metrics (total CO2 footprint), and control performance. Controllability of the designed system is evaluated using indices like the relative gain array (RGA) and Niederlinski index (NI), to evaluate the degree of loop interaction, as well as through dynamic simulations using proportional‐integral (PI) controllers and model predictive controllers (MPC). The design‐control of the RD systems corresponding to other alternative designs that do not take advantage of the maximum driving force is also investigated. The analysis shows that the RD designs at the maximum driving force exhibit enhanced controllability and lower carbon footprint than the alternative RD designs.
Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2021 Update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management
Authors: Pardanani Animesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOverviewSystemic mastocytosis (SM) results from a clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MC) in extra‐cutaneous organs.DiagnosisThe major criterion is presence of multifocal clusters of spindled MC in the bone marrow. Minor diagnostic criteria include elevated serum tryptase level, abnormal MC CD25 expression, and presence of KITD816V mutation.Risk StratificationEstablishing SM subtype as per the World Health Organization classification system is an important first step. Broadly, patients either have indolent/smoldering SM (ISM/SSM) or advanced SM, the latter includes aggressive SM (ASM), SM with associated hematological neoplasm (SM‐AHN), and mast cell leukemia (MCL). Identification of poor‐risk mutations (ie, ASXL1, RUNX1, SRSF2, NRAS) further refines the risk stratification. Recently, clinical and hybrid clinical‐molecular risk models have been developed to more accurately assign prognosis in SM patients.ManagementTreatment goals for ISM patients are primarily directed towards anaphylaxis prevention/symptom control/osteoporosis treatment. Patients with advanced SM frequently need MC cytoreductive therapy to ameliorate disease‐related organ dysfunction. High response rates have been seen with small‐molecule inhibitors that target mutant‐KIT, including midostaurin (Food and Drug Administration approved) or avapritinib (investigational). Other options for MC cytoreduction include cladribine or interferon‐α, although head‐to‐head comparisons are lacking. Treatment of SM‐AHN primarily targets the AHN component, particularly if an aggressive disease such as acute myeloid leukemia is present. Allogeneic stem cell transplant can be considered in such patients, or in those with relapsed/refractory advanced SM. Imatinib has a limited therapeutic role in SM; effective cytoreduction is limited to those with imatinib‐sensitive KIT mutations.
Plasma β‐secretase1 concentrations correlate with basal forebrain atrophy and neurodegeneration in cognitively healthy individuals at risk for AD
Authors: Vergallo Andrea , Lemercier Pablo , Cavedo Enrica , Lista Simone , Vanmechelen Eugeen , De Vos Ann , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Habert Marie‐Odile , Potier Marie‐Claude , Dubois Bruno , Teipel Stefan , Hampel Harald ,   for the INSIGHT‐preAD study group, and the Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI)
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased β‐secretase 1 (BACE1) protein concentration, in body fluids, is a candidate biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD).We reported that plasma BACE1 protein concentrations are associated with the levels of brain amyloidβ (Αβ) accumulation in cognitively healthy individuals with subjective memory complaint (SMC).MethodsIn 302 individuals from the same cohort, we investigated the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association between plasma BACE1 protein concentrations and AD biomarkers of neurodegeneration (plasma t‐tau and Neurofilament light chain (NfL), fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), brain volumes in the basal forebrain [BF], hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex).ResultsWe report a positive longitudinal correlation of BACE1 with both NfL and t‐tau, as well as a correlation between annual BACE1 changes and bi‐annual reduction of BF volume. We show a positive association between BACE1 and FDG‐PET signal at baseline.ConclusionsThe association between plasma BACE1 protein concentrations and BF atrophy we found in cognitively healthy individuals with SMC corroborates translational studies, suggesting a role of BACE1 in neurodegeneration.
Die reduzierten Nitridogermanate(III) Ca6[Ge2N6] und Sr6[Ge2N6] mit Ge‐Ge‐Bindungen
Authors: Link Lukas , Pathak Manisha , Jach Franziska , Koželj Primoz , Ormeci Alim , Höhn Peter , Niewa Rainer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie ersten Nitridogermanate(III) wurden in Form der Verbindungen Ca6[Ge2N6] und Sr6[Ge2N6] mithilfe von Natrium als Flussmittel synthetisiert und durch Röntgenbeugung am Pulver beziehungsweise am Einkristall charakterisiert. Ca6[Ge2N6] und Sr6[Ge2N6] kristallisieren isostrukturell zueinander und homöotyp zu Ca6[Cr2N6]H in der Raumgruppe R
. Sie weisen neuartige, voneinander isolierte, Ethan‐analoge [GeIII2N6]12−‐Anionen in gestaffelter Konformation auf. Widerstandsmessungen und Berechnungen der elektronischen Struktur zufolge handelt es sich um Halbleiter mit Bandlücken von 1.1 eV für Ca6[Ge2N6] und 0.2 eV für Sr6[Ge2N6].
Free‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for High‐Efficiency Salinity Gradient Energy Conversion
Authors: Hou Shuhua , Ji Wentao , Chen Jianjun , Teng Yunfei , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBoth high ionic conductivity and selectivity of a membrane are required for efficient salinity gradient energy conversion. An efficient method to improve energy conversion is to align ionic transport along the membrane thickness to address low ionic conductivity in traditional membranes used for energy harvesting. We fabricated a free‐standing covalent organic framework membrane (TpPa‐SO3H) with excellent stability and mechanical properties. This membrane with one‐dimensional nanochannels and high charge density demonstrated high ionic conductivity and selectivity. Its power density reached up to 5.9 W m−2 by mixing artificial seawater and river water. Based on our results, we attribute the high energy conversion to the high ion conductivity through aligned one‐dimensional nanochannels and high ion selectivity via the size of the nanochannel at ≈1 nm in the membrane. This study paves the way for designing covalent organic framework membranes for high salinity gradient energy conversion.
Unprecedented Reactivity of γ‐Amino Cyclopentenone Enables Diversity‐Oriented Access to Functionalized Indoles and Indole‐Annulated Ring Structures
Authors: Jagadeesh Chenna , Mondal Biplab , Pramanik Sourav , Das Dinabandhu , Saha Jaideep 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObservation of an unexpected, Lewis acid promoted displacement of latent reactive γ‐amino group on cyclopentenone presented unparalleled opportunity for enone functionalization and annulations with indole derivatives, which is developed in the current study. Herein, a vast range of C3/N‐indolyl enones and indole alkaloid‐like compound were accessed in excellent yields (up to 99 %) and selectivity through a one‐pot operation. The mechanism most likely involves an unprecedented trait of Piancatelli‐type rearrangement where influence of the gem‐diaryl group appeared crucial.
The Reduced Nitridogermanates(III) Ca6[Ge2N6] and Sr6[Ge2N6] with Ge−Ge Bonds
Authors: Link Lukas , Pathak Manisha , Jach Franziska , Koželj Primoz , Ormeci Alim , Höhn Peter , Niewa Rainer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe first nitridogermanates(III) Ca6[Ge2N6] and Sr6[Ge2N6] were synthesized from sodium flux and structurally characterized by powder and single crystal X‐ray diffraction, respectively. They crystallize isostructurally to each other and homeotypic to Ca6[Cr2N6]H in space group R
. They feature unprecedented, mutually isolated, ethane‐like [GeIII2N6]12− anions in a staggered conformation. The compounds are semiconductors according to resistivity measurements and electronic structure calculations, yielding band gaps of 1.1 eV for Ca6[Ge2N6] and 0.2 eV for Sr6[Ge2N6].
The rise of single‐cell proteomics
Authors: Ctortecka Claudia , Mechtler Karl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMass spectrometry‐based proteomics comprehensively defines proteome expression patterns in thousands of cells majorly contributing to our current understanding of many biological processes. More recently, single‐cell transcriptome and genome studies, however, have demonstrated overwhelming heterogeneity of tissues and cellular subpopulations. These studies have indicated different cellular functionality and identity, which are mainly driven by proteins and their posttranscriptional modifications. The rapidly emerging field of single‐cell proteomics aims at complementing transcriptome and genome data by generating comparative protein expression profiles from individual cells. Recent developments demonstrated tremendous improvements in sample preparation workflows and MS instrumentation, quantifying over 1000 proteins from a single cell. Efficient and reproducible sample processing in conjunction with sensitive MS acquisition strategies will allow to further increase the proteome coverage of tissues with single‐cell resolution. The required throughput and data reliability of such studies are still subject to further developments. Therefore, we herein discuss recent progress on specialized workflows and instrumentation next to advancements outside the field, which we expect to contribute to the development of comprehensive single‐cell proteomics.