bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of the ultrasound research in the diagnostic of acute strangulated small bowel obstruction
Authors: Shavrina N. V. , Yartsev P. A. , Lebedev A. G. , Levitsky V. D. , Drаyer M. N. , Tsuleiskiri B. T. , Khamidova L. T. , Antonyan S. Zh. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To identify and evaluate the effectiveness of sonographic signs of intestinal ischemia in patients with strangulated small bowel obstruction.Materials and methods. For the period 2017–2019, 115 patients with SIO were treated at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Federal Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. There were 64 women (55.6%) and 51 men (44.4%). The mean age was 62 ± 15 years. In all patients, the diagnosis was verified intraoperatively. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity in B-mode with the assessment of blood flow of the intestinal wall in the mode of CDI. Patients were divided on the basis of intraoperative data into 2 groups. The first group: 63 (54.8%) patients with signs of ischemia of the strangulated loop of the intestine. The second group consisted of 21 (18.1%) patients in whom intestinal necrosis was detected. The comparison group included 31 (26.7%) patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction without intestinal strangulation.Results. The most informative signs of ischemia of the strangulated intestine of the loop are infiltrative changes of its mesentery. In the second and third groups 9 (14.3%) and 12 (57.1%) participants, respectively, showed severity of intestinal ischemia, compared with 1 participant (3.2%) in the first group. The next informative criterion is the thickening of more than 0.4 cm and edema of the intestinal wall. In the second and third groups 30 (47.6%) and 14 (66.6%), in the comparison group 4 (12.9%), akinesis of the strangulated loop and paresis of the entire small intestine also directly correlated with intestinal ischemia. The absence of differentiation of intestinal wall layers occurs in (23.8%), the absence of blood flow in the intestinal wall in the CDI mode (19%), gas inclusions in the intestinal wall (4.3%).Conclusion. The assessment of sonographic symptoms allows to diagnose the presence of ischemic changes in the intestinal wall and perform surgery before the development of necrosis in the early period. In cases of late admission of the patient to the hospital, with the onset of intestinal necrosis and the associated erased clinical picture, ultrasound allows to establish indications for surgery before the development of peritonitis.
Ulltra-low-dose computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses in pediatric population: literature review
Authors: Laipan A. Sh. , Morozov S. P. , Nizovtsova L. A. , Blokhin I. A. , Gombolevsky V. A. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Sinonasal diseases are widespread in childhood. Radiological studies, including computer tomography, are an optimal and effective method of diagnosis. The child's body is more sensitive to radiation exposure than adults. The threshold of exposure, which may induce internal organs injury in children, requires a precise selection of the radiological method with minimal radiation dose. There is currently no unified position in the professional community on the appropriateness of the use of ultra-low-dose computed tomography in pediatrics.We reviewed the data on the appropriateness and effectiveness of paranasal low-dose computed tomography in pediatrics.Materials. 57 domestic and foreign publications, for the period from January 2001 to November 2019. In order to achieve the objective, we analyzed relevant domestic and foreign publications in scientific libraries e-LIBRARY, PubMed, Google Scholar per the keywords: “low-dose CT”, “children”, “paranasal sinus”, “pediatric”, “diagnosis”, “children”, “low-dose computed tomography”, “sinusitis”, “paranasal sinuses”.Results. The analysis of the available literature allowed summarizing the current data on pediatric paranasal disease diagnostics and the use of computed tomography, as well as to identify possible options for reducing radiation dose.Conclusions. Conducting many radiological examinations in a child leads to the risk of cancer. However, these examinations are an effective way to diagnose paranasal diseases, and a CT scan is the “gold standard”. The actual task is to develop a CT technique with reduced radiation exposure without compromising image quality. The need to review and optimize the standard protocols of radiological studies to determine the efficacy and feasibility of studies with minimal radiation exposure to children is justified.
Сomputed tomography for fractures of the ankle joint in children
Authors: Serova N. Yu. , Akhadov T. A. , Mel'nikov I. A. , Bozhko O. V. , Kostikova T. D. , Semenova N. A. , Dmitrenko D. M. , Nikishov S. O. , Manzhurtsev A. V. , Ublinskiy M. V. , Khusainova D. N. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Correct diagnosis is based on visualization and knowledge of fracture patterns characteristic of children. Traditionally, radiography is used to visualize bone damage. In fractures in children due to the high risk of damage to the germinal zones, it is necessary to have clear and reliable information about their condition, which cannot always be obtained by x-ray method. For these purposes and the requirements of modern surgery, CT is used, which with high diagnostic accuracy clarifies the degree of displacement of fragments, present a qualitative characteristic of fractures and reveals associated damage.Purpose: to show the capabilities of computed tomography in diagnosis of fractures of ankle joint.Materials and methods. The results of computed tomography (CT) are presented in 226 children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years. There were 142 boys (62.8%), 84 girls (37.2%). Scanning was carried out depending on the weight and age of the patient with the minimum indicators of kV and mAS, a slice thickness of 0.75 mm.Results. Average time for seeking medical help was 32 hours from moment of injury. Among causes of injury in the first place was domestic injury (73, 8%), followed by sports injury (22, 3%) and traffic accidents (3.9%). Right-sided ankle fractures were found in 147 (65.1%), left-sided – in 79 (34.9%) children. The most common types of tibial fractures were metaepiphysiolysis of the distal tibia and metaepiphysiolysis of the distal tibia of both tibia, which together accounted for 67.7% (n = 153) of all tibial fractures.Conclusion. Computed tomography should be performed in all cases of intraarticular fractures of the ankle joint. It is especially important for evaluating fractures with damage to germ zones. Scanning must be carried out with a cutting thickness of not more than 1 mm. CT with multi-planar data reformatting is an important factor in determining whether a patient needs surgical treatment. As a result of CT, a final diagnosis was established and a decision was made on treatment tactics.
New score scale for assessing the risk of establishing chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Zherko O. M. , Shkrebneva E. I. 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to develop a score scale for assessing the high risk of establishing chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), based on echocardiography (EchoCG) evidence.Materials and methods. A clinical and instrumental study of 175 patients, of which 108 (61.7%) women and 67 (38.3%) men, aged 71 [64; 78] years was performed in the 1st City Clinical Hospital in Minsk in 2017–2018. In order to validate the score scale for assessing the risk of HFpEF establishment in 2019–2020 a reproductive clinical and instrumental study of 129 patients was performed at the Minsk Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery, Transplantology and Hematology, of which 55 (42.6%) were men and 74 (57.4%) women aged 65 [58; 70] years. Inclusion criteria: sinus rhythm, essential arterial hypertension, chronic coronary heart disease: atherosclerotic heart disease, past myocardial infarction of left ventricle (LV), after which at least six months have passed, necessary to stabilize the structural and functional parameters of the LV, HFpEF, informed consent of the patient. Exclusion criteria: primary mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral valve repair or prosthetics, congenital heart defects, acute and chronic diseases of the kidneys, lungs. EchoCG was performed on ultrasound machines Siemens Acuson S1000 (Germany) and Vivid E9 (GE Healthcare, USA).Results. The developed scale for assessing the risk of establishing HFpEF in a patient with sinus rhythm including the criteria: LV diastolic dysfunction type II – 47 points, deceleration time of peak E of the transmitral blood flow DTE ≤171 ms – 25 points, the speed of early diastolic movement of the septal part of the mitral fibrous ring e'septal ≤7 cm/s – 25 points, LV early diastolic filling index E/е'septal >7.72 – 20 points, index of the end-systolic volume of the left atrium >34.3 ml/m2 – 24 points, has high diagnostic reliability (AUC 0.96, sensitivity (S) 96.6%, specificity (Sp) 83.2%) and reproducibility of results in an examination cohort of patients (AUC 0.99, S 98.8%, Sp 98.0%). A total score > 45 indicates a high probability of HFpEF. If the total score is ≤45, it is recommended to perform 2D Speckle Tracking EchoCG. The leading patho-functional mechanisms for the development of HFpEF are a decrease of LV global systolic longitudinal strain GLSAVG > −18.9% (S 94.9%, Sp 98.0%), GLS of the right ventricle (RV) > −19.9% (S 76.5%, Sp 88.5%), mechanical dispersion with LV mechanical dispersion index > 54.69 ms (S 70.7%, Sp 90.2%), RV mechanical dispersion index > 50.29 msec (S 78.1%, Sp 73.9%) and ventricular dyssynergy with LV global post systolic index >5.59% (S 82.6%, Sp 87.5%), RV global post systolic index > 2.17% (S 84.5%, Sp 69.9%).Conclusions. The use of the developed scale will improve the efficiency of ultrasound imaging of HFpEF.
Brain perfusion in type 1 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Samoilova Yu. G. , Matveeva M. V. , Tonkikh O. S. , Fimushkina N. Yu. 
Published: September 2021

The purpose. To evaluate brain microcirculation using contrast and non-contrast magnetic resonance perfusion in patients with type 1 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction.Material and methods. The study complies with generally accepted ethical rules. The study included 45 patients with type 1 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction and 20 patients without. Every patient included in the study was continuously monitoring glycemia with evaluation of variability coefficients. MRI was performed using a magnetic resonance imaging scanner Signa Creator “E”, GE Healthcare, 1.5 Tl, China: methods – dynamic contrast (“Gadovist”, w/w, bolusno, 5 ml) and arterial spin marks. SPSS Statistic software package was used for statistical analysis.Results. Blood flow decreased in patients with type 1 type and cognitive dysfunction in the areas of white and gray matter of frontal, occipital and temporal lobes, and shells (p ≤ 0.05). According to perfusion data, hyperglycemia and the following glycemic variability indices have the greatest influence on cortical structures: glycemic index of prolonged glycemia increase, risk of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, glycemic rate of change, glycemic control quality indicator, and in case of non-contrast glycemic control quality and glycemic rate of change, risks of hypo and hyperglycemia. The main factors of changes in brain microcirculation are episodes of severe hypoglycemia in the anamnesis, duration of the disease, arterial hypertension, high cholesterol levels. No separate markers for the evaluation of cognitive disturbances in type 1 diabetes were revealed.Conclusions. The basis of microcirculatory brain disorders in type 1 diabetes is the level of HbA1c and variability of glycemia as well as acute complications, duration of diabetes and associated conditions (arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia). The most important data were obtained during contrast perfusion.
Quantification of SPECT with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-technetryl and of contrast-enhanced MRI scans in survival prognosis of patients with glial brain tumors after combined chemo – radiation treatment
Authors: Babikov V. Yu. , Udut V. V. , Usova A. V. , Lishmanov Yu. B. , Vesnina Zh. V. , Chirikov A. S. , Ussov W. Yu. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of study. The possibility of simultaneous and combined use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with paramagnetic contrast enhancement (CE-MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-MIBI in assessing the prognosis in patients with glial brain tumors after complex chemo – and radiotherapy treatment was studied.Material and methods. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain and SPECT with 99mTc-Technetril were performed in 19 patients who were observed after complex chemoradiotherapy of brain tumors (gliomas of grade 3 and 4). The treatment included remote gamma irradiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide. The radiation dose was 60 Gy (30 fractions of 2 Gy × 1 once a day). The drug Temodal was prescribed in a single dose of 75 mg/sq. m. (120–140 mg) an hour before gamma therapy for up to 40 days (in a total dose of 5000–5900 mg) and in the post – radiation period according to the scheme – 6 courses of the drug for 5 days every 23 days in a single dose of 200 mg/sq.m. (280–400 mg). The total dose of Temodal for 1 course was 1400–2000 mg. In everybody, after the study, the time period of subsequent survival of patients was registered from to the primary health care data.Results. The survival time was over 20 months in case of patients after surgical removal of glial tumor and with subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy if simultaneous low values of “Tumor-to Normal Tissue” index for both 99mTc-Technetryl SPECT and CE-MRI were met, i.e. if < 1,15 for 99mTc-Technetryl SPECT and < 1,19 for CE-MRI. If index “Tumor-to Normal Tissue” was over > 1,25 99mTc-Technetryl SPECT and > 1,35 for CE-MRI then the survival time was below one year. If the “Tumor-to Normal Tissue”ratio on 99mTc-Technetryl SPECT scan was in benefit ranges whereas the on CE-MRI kept itself in high pathologic ranges the survival time was also over 19 months.Conclusion. Thus, the concomitant quantification and fusion of uptake of 99mTc-Technetryl and paramagnetic contrast agents on SPECT and MRI scans provides prognostic data on survival of patients and is worth routine use for therapy control.
Modern concepts of the prevalence, pathomorphology and diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with pulmonary involvement (literature review)
Authors: Safonova T. D. , Sheikh Zh. V. 
Published: September 2021

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's granulomatosis) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease from the group of vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). GPA is proceeding with granulomatous inflammation, mainly of the upper and lower respiratory tract and low-immune necrotizing vasculitis that affects small- and medium-size vessels in lungs, kidneys, skin. The disease is an extremely rare long-term systemic disorder, is rarely the object of research, the literature data are few and unsystematic.Purpose. The purpose of the literature review was to study the published materials, analyze the received information and define tasks for further study of this pathology, primarily from the standpoint of radiation diagnostics.Materials and methods. The search was carried out in bibliographic databases MedLine, PubMed, if necessary, links to external full-text sources were used. 36 of the most significant publications were selected and worked out, including 8 domestic and 28 foreign. One of the selection criteria for articles was the availability of information about the radiological diagnosis of GPA in them.Results. Most authors focus their attention on clinical manifestations and features of treatment, not paying sufficient attention to diagnostic methods. Many studies have been carried out on a small sample of patients or are limited to individual clinical observations; there is practically no information on changes in the computed tomographic picture of the lungs in GPA in dynamics. The most complete semiotics of lung damage according to CT data is presented in the article by F. Martinez et al. (2012).Conclusions. It was found that in case of lung lesions by GPA, nodules, nodes and masses are more often determined, in half of cases – with cavities of decay, less often areas of ground-glass opacity and consolidation are detected. However, at present there is no unified approach to the interpretation of the radiological semiotics of the disease and the determination of the diagnostic value of individual computed tomographic patterns of lung damage. This requires their further detailed study for the correct and timely diagnosis of such a rare, but complex and potentially life-threatening disease.
The application experience of focused ultrasound heart examination in patients with COVID-19 in Prone-position
Authors: Belavina N. I. , Iskhakov R. T. , Barkova I. V. , Ilina E. S. , Kesareva I. A. , Leonenko N. V. , Nikitina T. A. , Pirozhkova I. V. , Sokolova N. V. , Taymaskhanova P. A. , Shishchenko E. A. , Zeltyn-Abramov E. M. 
Published: September 2021

Aim of the study. To study the experience of using focused transthoracic echocardiography in patients with COVID-19 in prone position (fEchoPr) in intensive care units (ICU).Materials and methods. The retrospective observational study included 53 patients (period from 15 April to 31 December 2020). Inclusion criteria: confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, availability of fEchoPr data, outcome certainty (discharge/death). We analyzed electronic medical records. The fEchoPr was performed in patients in the prone position with a bolster under the left side of the chest and left arm raised (‘swimmer’s position’). We assessed the systolic function of the right ventricle (RV) (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)), RV size, RV/LV ratio, systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) (left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral. (LVOT VTI)), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) (tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient (PGTR). Depending on the results, the patients were divided into 2 groups: informative (+fEchoPr) and non-informative (–fEchoPr) examinations.Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the groups (+fEcho n = 35 vs –fEcho n = 18) by age (65.6 ± 15.3 vs 60.2 ± 15.8, p > 0.05), by gender (male: 23 (65.7%) vs 14 (77.8%), p > 0.05), by body mass index (31.3 ± 5.3 kg/m 2 vs 29.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2 , p > 0.05), by mechanical ventilation support (24 (68.6%) vs 17 (94.4%), p = 0.074), by NEWS scale indicators (6.9 ± 3.7 vs 8.5 ± 3.5 points), by mortality (82.8% vs 94.4%, p > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a moderate inverse relationship between being on mechanical ventilation and the informative value of the study (Spearman's r = −0.30 at p = 0.033). In the +fEchoPr group, the correct measurement of TAPSE and RV/LV was carried out in 100%: a decrease in RV systolic function was recorded in 5 patients (14%), expansion of the RV in 13 patients (37%). Signs of PH were detected in 11 patients (31%), PGTR could not be measured in 10 patients (28%). LV systolic dysfunction was detected in 7 patients (20%). No pathology was detected in 16 patients (46%). One patient was diagnosed with infective endocarditis of native mitral valve, which was later confirmed by autopsy.Conclusion. In 66% of cases, fEchoPr examinations were informative, especially in terms of assessing the state of the right heart. fEchoPr examination is an affordable, valid and reproducible method to assess and monitor the state of the heart in ICU patients.
Difference of Religion and its Impact on Changing the Legal Provisions
Authors: Amin Hassan Omar Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Praise be to God, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of God, and upon his family, companions, nation, and those who follow him.
And yet: This research talks about the difference of religion that has a great impact in changing the legal rulings and in many issues, the Muslim must observe them and commit to applying them because they affect his worldly and eschatological life, and he must know well what he has and what he owes towards a non-Muslim, especially if he lives with him and next to him,to follow the legitimate path,and approach moderation in dealing with it.
The importance of the research lies in explaining the rulings on dealing with non-Muslims, especially in this era in which there has been a lot of mixing of Muslims with others in terms of the large number of Muslims coming and refugees to non-Muslim countries, and the number of non-Muslims arriving, residents, merchants and workers to Muslim countries, and the effect of this difference in religion on many changes Among the legal rulings, mixing a Muslim with others was not new, rather it was present since the early ages of Islam. So is a non-Muslim with whom a Muslim lives or deals with him in Muslim countries the same as dealing himself with a Muslim? Is there a difference between non-Muslims themselves in the consideration of Islam? Is there a differentiation between the polytheist and the apostate, and between the people of the Book from the Jews and the Christians, especially when coexisting with them, whether that is by marrying someone who contradicts them in religion or treatment, or through inheritance, or other than all these questions are referred to in this research from the Islamic view and rulings Legitimacy is strengthened and based on evidence from the recognized texts and the approved sayings of the jurists,Because we desperately need to know these rulings today and stand on the limits set by God Almighty and on numerous and different issues, and for this reason this research can be considered one of the contemporary jurisprudential topics, because the coexistence of a Muslim with others has become one of the issues that have spread widely between us and our young men and women, which is what It prompted me to write a study on the effect of the difference in religion in changing many of the legal rulings at that time.
The Concept of Freedom in liberalism’s Thought, for Instance: Friedrich .A. Von Hayek's Vision
Authors: Ahmed Jabar Ismael 
Published: September 2021

Liberalism thus views the concept of freedom as a fundamental element of its intellectual foundation and without access to and defense of freedom, there is no meaning for the existence and survival of liberals. Due to the wide range of views of liberalism and the differences of opinion of liberal thinkers and different trends, attitudes and views on different freedoms, for example some of the thinkers believe in the interference of the state power in personal freedoms with the goal of creating social justice and economic justice and so on..., such as the thinkers of the Social liberal trend in the thought of liberalism, But some other thinkers believe in the protection of individual freedoms from interfering of the power of the state, and reject any form of interference in freedom, such as thinkers of the Libertarians trend in the thought of liberalism, including (Friedrich A. von Hayek).
These two views of liberalism are expressed in terms of freedom, as: positive freedom (when the state intervenes in freedoms), and negative freedom (that freedom is protected from the interference of state power). (Hayek) rejects positive freedom and believes that any interference in the freedom, economy, and property of individuals, commodities, and markets, leads to the deterioration of the security and stability of individuals on one hand, and the creation of an oppressive, tyrannical and dictatorial power or regime on the other hand. This condition becomes the cause and means of the departure of individuals and the coexistence of the living system to slavery.