bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of terrestrial ecosystems under the influence of steroid glycoalkaloids
Authors: Seregin M , Dymnikova O , Bogdanova I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths are one of the most pressing problems of the urban area. Worm infestations are diseases with a high (more than 50%) mortality rate among both children and adults. Therefore, one of the most pressing safety problems of not only the technosphere, but also the homosphere, is the search for methods of disinfestation of the soil cover of urban areas with a minimum load on the biota and ecological risk tending to zero. As a solution to this problem, it is proposed to use secondary plant metabolites (steroid glycoalkaloids) as a means for disinfecting various environmental objects: wastewater and their sediments, soil, sand of playgrounds, etc.
The effect of various concentrations of potato juice (Solanum tuberosum) on the components of terrestrial ecosystems on the shores of water bodies: higher plants (oats (Avenum sativa)) and soil microflora (soil micromycetes Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terrius, Alternaria alternaria, Fusarium moniliforme) was studied. Revealed moderate phytotoxicity for Avenum sativa, as well as a strong stimulatory effect for Fusarium moniliforme and Alternaria alternaria.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Increasing PV-Wind based DG Penetration in Sub-Transmission System
Authors: Mahajan Shreya , Verma Yajvender Pal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with techno-economic impact of increasing photovoltaic and wind power distributed generation in sub-transmission system. This paper suggests a new approach to interpret a multi-objective problem of integrating different types of distributed generation using an improved elephant herding optimization method. The main aim of this paper is to minimize the power losses and elevate the voltage profile of the electrical system. The effectiveness of improved elephant herding optimization had been tested on IEEE 30 bus sub-transmission system and is compared with results obtained with Particle Swarm Optimization method. In this paper, three cases have been considered where different types of distributed generation are integrated into the system and the best results have been obtained for case 3 where both photovoltaic and wind power are penetrated in system network. The optimal solutions obtained are compared with particle swarm optimisation and base case. The comparison shows that the proposed optimization method is favourable. The economic analysis of the corresponding distributed generation has been presented in this paper.
Investigation of Adaptive Beam-forming Algorithms for Smart Antennas System
Authors: Kaur Simrandeep , Kumar Naresh , Dubey Subhash 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Smart antennas are examined as a promising technology in wireless communication systems. In the development of smart antenna technology, Adaptive beam-forming is the most important aspect. Adaptive beam-forming uses various algorithms to identify the signals in the desired direction and separate the interference from the undesired/unwanted direction. In this paper, Proposed Adaptive Beam-forming Algorithm offers the better solution for reducing interference and improves the system capacity. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the different approaches used for designing the smart antennas to track the desired signal and put perfect null towards the interferer signal.
Applications of Ergonomic Studies in India: A Literature Review
Authors: S Shwetha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
India, known for its diversity in resources and culture, is a land for a large variety of people resulting in huge variability in anthropometric dimensions. This necessitates human factors to be crucial in engendering usability in a product thereby making it beneficial. Due to the emerging complex work systems, knowledge on physical dimensions of humans with accuracy is influential. As a result, Production engineers are impelled to involve ergonomic factors into manufacturing a product. However, anthropometric data varies from region to region. Ergonomics accounts for all anthropometric differences in individuals. The paper tries to identify how well ergonomic aspects and anthropometric data have been applied in different areas. Proper ergonomic designs demands thorough knowledge on the effect of study of anthropometry, posture, repetitive motion, and workspace design on the user and also satisfies psychological desires of the user. The current work also addresses various literatures in identifying the importance of anthropometric and ergonomic studies in product design in India. Also, areas where Ergonomic knowledge should be considered is looked into. This literature can help in enlightening oneself about the areas of application of ergonomics and can be used for further investigation in researches related to anthropometry. It has been suggested that work study, statistical and optimization techniques can be used in combination with ergonomic applications to solve design issues.
Comparative performance analysis of Carbon Nanotube and Si-Nanotube based Field effect Transistors
Authors: Kumar Raj , Bala Shashi , Kumar Arvind 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The continuous scaling of scaling of conventional planar transistors has migrated to nanoscale regime to achieve better performance of the device by mainstream semiconductor industry. To suppress the short channel effects arises in nanoscale devices, many 3D devices and materials have been proposed and investigated. Carbon Nanotube can be used as best materials for replacement of channel material MOSFET transistors due to its good electrical properties. Silicon nanotube field effect transistor is having two gates as an inner and outer gates, provides excellent electrostatic control and short channel effects immunity. In this paper, Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor and Si- Nanotube field effect transistors have been designed and investigated. Performance of CNTFET and Si-NT MOSFET has been analysed and compared. These two field effect transistors may be considered for future of semiconductor industry.
Design and Simulation of a Multiband Slot Antenna for GPS/WLAN/WiMAX Systems Using CST
Authors: Nagaraju D. , Gupta Narbada Prasad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Design of a four band i.e. multiband slot antenna incorporating Global Positioning System, Wireless Local Area Networks (for IEEE 802.11 b&g and IEEE 802.11a) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access is presented in this paper. The antenna is designed for frequency of 1.57GHz for GPS, 2.5GHz for IEEE 802.11 b&g WLAN, 3.5GHz for WiMAX and 5.3GHz for IEEE 802.11a WLAN system. The antenna configuration comprises of a rectangular slot with triangular cuts at the corners to achieve impedance matching. It is designed and simulated using CST Studio Suite. The simulated antenna is fabricated on the economical substrate i.e FR-4 using standard photolithography process and tested in vector network analyzer (Anritsu- MS2027C). The designed antenna shows exceptional results in terms of return loss, voltage standing wave ration (VSWR), radiation pattern and bandwidth. Results conclude that the designed antenna is well suited for various applications as mentioned.
Power quality monitoring for a solar PV grid controlled system at non-linear induction drives load
Authors: Gupta Akhil , Chanana Saurabh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper unveils the impact of non-linear induction motor drives on operation of transformer-less single-stage solar photovoltaic (SPV) grid tied inverter system. The system is controlled by an indirect type data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. A fuzzy-logic controlled (FLC) dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is operated coordinating two non-linear induction motor drives load: direct torque flux control (DTFC) and field-oriented control (FOC). Importantly, power quality (PQ) analysis for FOC induction motor drive is validated with DTFC induction motor drive. Results reveal mitigation of unbalanced voltage sag and voltage swell among the SPV converter, load and grid during transient conditions produced by fault. The effectiveness of FLC-DVR at FOC drive load is demonstrated over DTFC drive load and linear load for validation. It is worth mentioning that controlling action of FLC-DVR is implemented effectively at non-linear loads. As illustrated by IEEE-519/1547 standard, a reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) and DC offset current is reported in grid voltage and current for accuracy. The proposed framework illustrates a comparative PQ study to justify satisfactory performance under varying environmental conditions.
To Analyze Energy Band Diagram of N-Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (NTFET)
Authors: Bhatia Rajeev , Gill S.S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn low power consumption devices an emerging device of transistor is Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET).Although MOSFET (Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors) having applications based on low energy usable electronics devices the power is reduced by reducing supply voltage but by decreasing supply voltage slow down the sub threshold swing. By the down scaling of MOSFET static power become high. As TFET having structure closer to MOSFET and working of TFET is based on p-i-n diode in which tunnel current flows between the source and channel bands. The low value of leakage current and sub threshold swing in TFET is used for low power applications as the switching in TFET is on the principle of modulating quantum tunneling through a barrier instead of modulating thermionic emission over a barrier as in MOSFET. The analysis on Energy band diagram of NTFET discussed in this paper.
Stability Analysis of JL FinFET based 6T SRAM cell
Authors: Kaundal S , Rana A K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, the stability of junctionless (JL) FinFET SRAM cell has been analyzed using N-curve approach. Sentaurus TCAD device simulation and mixed mode simulations has been used for the analysis. JL FinFET based SRAM cells is shown to exhibit better write stability as compared its IM counterparts while the read stability degrades.
Optimizing load variations using demand side management in the presence of SPV generation
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Verma Yajvender Pal , Kumar Deepak 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Demand Side Management (DSM) is a new concept that provides a viable and more efficient option to alter the net electricity consumption pattern without bringing much discomfort to the consumers. With the development of control and information technology, residential community provides a new potential demand side management entity to the distribution utilities to optimize their load profile. In this paper, the opportunities associated with Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) integrated distribution utilities residential consumer DSM to minimize the gap between the targeted and actual load profile are investigated. A load deferral DSM model to shift the operation of not so critical residential appliances along with the optimal energy dispatch model from the residential consumer side battery energy storage (BES) is presented. A centrally controlled DSM strategy to optimize the operating time of deferrable devices and BES bidirectional power flow has been proposed. The DSM results considering different scenarios with and without BES and load deferral are compared with the original case of without DSM. It has been observed that the DSM strategy in the presence of SPVs and battery storage can substantially reduce the overall variance of the actual load curve from the predicted load curve.
Investigation of optical and physical properties of zinc sodium bismuth borate glass system
Authors: Bhatia V. , Kumar D. , Kaur A. , Singh D. , Singh A. , Singh S. P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A glass system with composition xZnO-(15-x)Na2O-15Bi2O3-70B2O3
(where x=0, 6, 8, 10, 12 mol %) have been prepared by conventional melt quenching technique in order to investigate the some physical and optical properties with impact of ZnO in the sodium bismuth borate glasses. The optical analysis of glass system is carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopic measurement technique. The optical study reveal that cut off wavelength and Urbach energy decreases while optical band gap increases with the addition of ZnO content. Further, the compositional dependence of different physical and optical parameters such as ion concentration, polaron radii, inter nuclear distance, molar refraction, molar polarizability, reflection loss, metallization criterion, refractive index and dielectric constant have also been evaluated.
Time fractional thermoelastic problem of a thick cylinder with non homogeneous material properties
Authors: Thakare Shivcharan , Warbhe M. S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, we assume a two dimensional thermoelastic problem of nonhomogeneous thick hollow cylinder within the context of fractional order derivative of order 0 < α ≤ 2. Convective heat exchange boundary conditions are applied at the curved surface, whereas the lower surface and the upper surface of the cylinder are considered at zero temperature. Furthermore cylinder is subjected to a sectional heating at the outer curved surface of cylinder. Let the material properties of the cylinder except Poisson’s ratio and density are considered to be expresses by a simple power law in axial direction. The solution of the thermoelastic problem is obtained in terms of trigonometric and Bessel’s functions. Both the thermal and mechanical behavior is analyzed by the influence of inhomogeneity. Numerical computations are carried out for a mixture of copper and tin metals for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous cases. Results of numerical solutions are illustrated graphically for temperature distribution and thermal stresses for all the different values of the fractional-order parameter α with the help of Mathematica software.
Utilization of Additive Manufacturing in Orthotics and Prosthetic Devices Development
Authors: Banga H K , Kumar P , Kumar H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research paper outfit a survey with quantitative information of existing 3D-in Orthotics and Prosthetic Devices. Prosthetic and orthotic devices can empower patients to recuperate versatility and limb limit post-stroke or expulsion; anyway the route toward making custom contraptions requires some speculation and work. At the present time the focal points and disadvantages of 3D-printed gadgets to empower improvement of current gadgets dependent on the requesting of orthotics and prostheses clients. A study was performed utilizing Scopus, Web of Science and areas identified with 3D-printing. Quantitative data on the mechanical and kinematic nuances and 3D-printing headway utilized was disconnected from the papers and goals. The diagram gives the general points of interest, the mechanical and kinematic conclusions of the contraptions and information regarding the 3D-printing development used for hands. Additive Manufacturing can improve the arrangement and progression of helpful parts and things. This development is applied for the gathering of adjusted and propelled things with different materials, along these lines performing it with lesser wastage of time and material. There is an expansion to achieve various adaptabilities by using unmistakable programming and inventive stages. Additive Manufacturing improves the exactness and steady nature of the arrangement, similarly as straightforwardness of structure. This advancement is directly open for improving the show of restorative part by giving surprising and inventive structure utilizing different materials with improved nature of the thing. This rising advancement gives a wide ability to future improvement.
Microstructure and texture evolutions in AZ80A magnesium alloy during high-temperature compression
Authors: Duan Xingwang , Liu Junjie , Li Peng , Liu Baosheng , Liu Jiachen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the process of thermal deformation, the microstructure and texture evolutions of AZ80A magnesium alloy have an important influence on its properties. In order to reveal the evolutions of microstructure and texture of AZ80A magnesium alloy during hot deformation, isothermal compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator at a temperature range of 623 K∼723 K, a strain rates range of 0.001 s−1∼1 s−1, and a deformation rate of 20%∼60%. Based on the analysis of the true stress-true strain curves under the given deformation conditions, the hyperbolic sinusoidal constitutive model and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) kinetics model were established by regression method, respectively. The DRX behavior, microstructure and texture evolutions during the thermal compression were then analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that an increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate greatly support the development of DRX of AZ80A magnesium alloy. As the deformation rate increases, DRX of AZ80A alloy is gradually and more sufficiently developed, and the dominated deformation mechanism is gradually transformed from the {0001} base slip to {

10

1
¯

0

} cylinder slip. Moreover, the low-angle grain boundaries (between 5° and 75° in deformation rate of 20%) gradually transform into large-angle grain boundaries (between 50° and 90° in deformation rate of 60%). Besides, the texture is gradually transformed from a base texture paralleled to compression direction to a texture perpendicular to compression direction, where twinning, rather than slip, is the main deformation mechanism. The results in this study provides a guidance in the hot forming process of AZ80A magnesium alloy.
The Forest of Unintended Consequences: Anthropogenic Actions Trigger the Rise and Fall of Black Cherry
Authors: Royo Alejandro A , Vickers Lance A , Long Robert P , Ristau Todd E , Stoleson Scott H , Stout Susan L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe twentieth century confluence of clear-cutting, deer overabundance, and rising nitrogen deposition favored dominance by the shade-intolerant, unpalatable, and nitrogen-demanding black cherry (Prunus serotina) throughout the Allegheny Plateau of the eastern United States. The abundance of this species conferred unique and valuable ecological and economic benefits that shaped regional biodiversity and societies. Sustaining these values is increasingly difficult because black cherry, seemingly inexplicably, has experienced diminished establishment, growth, and survival in the twenty-first century. In the present article, we chronicle the change and assess underlying drivers through a literature review and new analyses. We found negative plant–soil microbial feedback loops and lowered nitrogen deposition are biologically, temporally, and geographically consistent with observed declines. The evidence suggests that black cherry dynamics are the unintended consequence of actions and policies ostensibly unconnected to forests. We suggest that these shifts are a bellwether of impending changes to forests, economies, and ownership patterns regionally and beyond.
What can the phylogeny ofclass I KNOXgenes and their expression patterns in land plants tell us about the evolution of shoot development?
Authors: Maksimova Anastasiia I , Berke Lidija , Salgado Marco G , Klimova Ekaterina A , Pawlowski Katharina , Romanova Marina A , Voitsekhovskaja Olga V 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKNOX genes encode transcription factors (TFs), several of which act non-cell-autonomously. KNOX genes evolved in algae, and two classes, class I KNOX and class II KNOX genes, were already present in charophytes. In tracheophytes, class I KNOX genes are expressed in shoot apical meristems (SAMs) and thought to inhibit cell differentiation, whereas class II KNOX genes are expressed in mature organs regulating differentiation. In this review, we summarize the data available on gene families and expression patterns of class I and class II KNOX genes in embryophytes. The expression patterns of class I KNOX genes should be seen in the context of SAM structure and of leaf primordium development where the inhibition of cell differentiation needs to be lifted. Although the SAMs of angiosperms and gnetophytes almost always belong to the duplex type, several other types are distributed in gymnosperms, ferns, lycopods and bryophytes. KNOX gene families remained small (maximally five genes) in the representatives of bryophytes, lycopods and ferns examined thus far; however, they expanded to some extent in gymnosperms and, independently and much more strongly, in angiosperms. The growing sophistication of mechanisms to repress and re-induce class KNOX I expression played a major role in the evolution of leaf shape.
Detection and Localization of Abnormalities in Surveillance Video Using Timerider-Based Neural Network
Authors: Veluchamy S , Karlmarx L R , Mahesh K Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Automatic anomaly detection in surveillance videos is a trending research domain, which assures the detection of the anomalies effectively, relieves the time-consumed by the manual interpretation methods without the requirement of the domain knowledge about the anomalous object. Accordingly, this research work proposes an effective anomaly detection approach, named, TimeRide Neural network (TimeRideNN), by modifying the standard RideNN using the Taylor series such that an extra group of rider, named as timerider, is included in the standard rider optimization algorithm. Initially, the face in the videos is subjected to face detection using the Viola Jones algorithm. Then, the object tracking is performed using the knocker and holoentropy-based Bhattacharya distance, which is a modification of the Bhattacharya distance using the knocker and holoentropy. After that, the features, such as object-level features and speed-level features of the objects, are extracted and the features are employed to the proposed TimeRideNN classifier, which declares the anomalous objects in the video. The experimentation of the proposed anomaly detection method is done using the UCSD dataset (Ped1), subway dataset and QMUL junction dataset, and the analysis is performed based on accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The proposed TimeRideNN classifier obtains the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.9724, 0.9894 and 0.9691, respectively.
Redesigning EU fiscal rules: from rules to standards
Authors: Blanchard Olivier , Leandro Alvaro , Zettelmeyer Jeromin 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
European Union (EU) fiscal rules have been suspended until at least the end of 2021. When they are reinstated, they will need to be modified, if only because of the high levels of debt. Various proposals have been made and more are to come, suggesting various changes and simplifications. In this paper, we take a step back and discuss how one should think about debt sustainability in the current and likely future EU economic environment. We argue that, given the complexity of the answer, it is an illusion to think that EU fiscal rules can be simple. But it is also an illusion to think that they can ever be complex enough to accommodate most relevant contingencies. This leads us to propose the abandonment of fiscal rules in favor of fiscal standards, that is, qualitative prescriptions that leave room for judgement together with a process to decide whether the standards are met. Central to this process would be country-specific assessments using stochastic debt sustainability analysis , led by national independent fiscal councils and/or the European Commission. Disputes between member states and the European Commission on application of the standards should preferably be adjudicated by an independent institution, such as the European Court of Justice(or a specialized chamber), rather than by the Council of the EU.