bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping glucose metabolites in the normal bovine lens: Evaluation and optimisation of a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation imaging mass spectrometry method
Authors: Zahraei Ali , Guo George , Perwick Rebecca D. , Donaldson Paul J. , Demarais Nicholas J. , Grey Angus C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe spatial resolution of microdissection‐based analytical methods to detect ocular lens glucose uptake, transport and metabolism are poor, whereas the multiplexing capability of fluorescence microscopy‐based approaches to simultaneously detect multiple glucose metabolites is limited in comparison with mass spectrometry‐based methods. To better understand lens glucose transport and metabolism, a more highly spatially resolved technique that maintains the fragile ocular lens tissue is required. In this study, a sample preparation method for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) analysis of ocular lens glucose uptake and metabolism has been evaluated and optimised. Matrix choice, tissue preparation and normalisation strategy were determined using negative ion mode MALDI‐Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance MS of bovine lens tissue and validation performed using gas chromatography‐MS. An internal standard was applied concurrently withN‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDC) matrix to limit cracking of the fresh frozen lens tissue sections. MALDI IMS data were collected at a variety of spatial resolutions to detect both endogenous lens metabolites and stable isotopically labelled glucose introduced by ex vivo lens culture. Using this approach, initial steps in important metabolic processes that are linked to diabetic cataract formation were spatially mapped in the bovine lens. In the future, this method can be applied to study the dynamics of glucose uptake, transport and metabolic flux to aid in the study of diabetic lens cataract pathophysiology.
Accelerated parameter tuning of antenna structures using inverse and feature‐based forward kriging surrogates
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko‐Dabrowska Anna , Al‐Hasan Muath 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTuning of geometry parameters is one of the essential stages of contemporary antenna design. It is necessary because available design methods, whether based on theoretical considerations or on engineering experience, are only capable of yielding initial designs that need further adjustment in order to boost the performance parameters as much as possible. Numerical optimization is also imperative for antenna re‐design with respect to different operating conditions (e.g., center frequency) or material parameters (e.g., substrate permittivity/thickness). As the tuning process normally involves full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis, it may incur considerable computational expenses. Reducing these costs is highly desirable from the perspective of both academic research and industry. This paper proposes a simple surrogate‐assisted framework for accelerated antenna parameter tuning that allows for reusing the previously acquired design data. The first (inverse) surrogate serves as a reliable predictor for generating a reasonable initial design, whereas the second (forward) model encodes antenna sensitivities at the level of so‐called response features. The involvement of the response feature technology leads to a more accurate rendition of the antenna gradients, which speeds up the design refinement as compared to the forward model constructed at the level of original antenna characteristics. Our methodology is demonstrated using two microstrip antennas and compared to the previously reported warm‐start optimization procedures.
ST‐segment elevation during arrhythmia ablations—A review
Authors: Kichloo Asim , Aljadah Michael , Naji Mohammed Bakir , Kanjwal Khalil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoronary injury presenting as ST segment elevation (STE) during ablation procedures for different arrhythmias is a rare and most feared complication. There have been multiple reports on STE during various ablation procedures in the recent past. Herein, we review various mechanisms, presentations, and management of STE observed during various ablations, including atrial fibrillation ablation cavotricuspid isthmus and ablation, supraventricular tachycardia ablations, coronary sinus ablation, and ventricular arrhythmia ablations.
The degradation activities for three seaweed polysaccharides ofShewanellasp. WPAGA9 isolated from deep‐sea sediments
Authors: Wang Dingquan , Wang Jianxin , Zeng Runying , Wu Jie , Michael Shija V. , Qu Wu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeaweed oligosaccharides possess great bioactivities. However, different microbial strains are required to degrade multiple polysaccharides due to their limited biodegradability, thereby increasing the cost and complexity of production.Shewanellasp. WPAGA9 was isolated from deep‐sea sediments in this study. According to the genomic and biochemical analyses, the extracellular fermentation broth of WPAGA9 had versatile degradation abilities for three typical seaweed polysaccharides including agar, carrageenan, and alginate. The maximum enzyme activities of the extracellular fermentation broth of WPAGA9 were 71.63, 76.4, and 735.13 U/ml for the degradation of agar, alginate, and carrageenan, respectively. Moreover, multiple seaweed oligosaccharides can be produced by the extracellular fermentation broth of WPAGA9 under similar optimum conditions. Therefore, WPAGA9 can simultaneously degrade three types of seaweed polysaccharides under similar conditions, thereby greatly reducing the production cost of seaweed oligosaccharides. This finding indicates thatShewanellasp. WPAGA9 is an ideal biochemical tool for producing multiple active seaweed oligosaccharides at low costs and is also an important participant in the carbon cycle process of the deep‐sea environment.
Role of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Patients With Postparalytic Facial Synkinesis
Authors: Volk Gerd Fabian , Hesse Susanne , Geißler Katharina , Kuttenreich Anna‐Maria , Thielker Jovanna , Dobel Christian , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando 
Published: March 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the role of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients with postparalytic facial nerve syndrome with synkinesis (PFS).Study DesignA single‐center retrospective cohort study.MethodsA total of 221 adults (74% women; median age: 44 years; median duration since onset of facial palsy: 1.6 years) were included. To diagnose BDD, the BDD Munich Module was used. Associations with House‐Brackmann grading, Stennert index grading, Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) survey, Facial Disability Index (FDI), general quality of life (SF‐36), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) was analyzed.ResultsA total of 59 patients (27%) were classified as patients with BDD. Significant associations were found between the diagnosis of BDD and female gender and lower FDI, FaCE, and SF‐36 scores and higher BDI and LSAS scores. Multivariate analysis revealed BDI, FaCE total score, and FaCE social function subscore as independent factors associated with BDD.ConclusionBDD was a relevant diagnosis in patients with PFS. A higher BDD level was associated with general and facial‐specific quality of life and more psychosocial disabilities. Optimal treatment of PFS has to include these nonmotor dysfunctions.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 131:E2518–E2524, 2021
The role of active soil carbon in influencing the profitability of fertilizer use: Empirical evidence from smallholder maize plots in Tanzania
Authors: Chamberlin Jordan , Jayne T. S. , Snapp Sieglinde 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe use recent plot‐level panel data from Tanzanian smallholder farmers to investigate maize yield responses to inorganic fertilizer under variable soil carbon conditions. Unlike many prior studies which consider total carbon measurements, we focus on active soil carbon, which is a component strongly related to key soil functions, such as nutrient cycling and availability. Active soil carbon is found to be a strong predictor of maize yield response to nitrogen fertilizer. These results highlight important sources of variation in the returns to fertilizer investments across plots and smallholder farmers in the region. When farmgate prices for maize and fertilizer are incorporated into calculations of economic returns, we find that the profitability of fertilizer use is strongly dependent upon farmgate price ratio assumptions: under our most optimistic agronomic response estimates, 39% of farmer plots have an average value‐cost ratio greater than 1.5 at a maize‐nitrogen price ratio of 0.15. That share drops to 4% at a price ratio of 0.12 and 0% at a price ratio of 0.09. Our findings provide insights into the intertwined biophysical and economic underpinnings of low levels of fertilizer use in Tanzania and elsewhere in the region. Raising active carbon stocks in smallholder systems may be a strategic priority in many areas for incentivizing greater use of inorganic fertilizer, reversing land degradation, and achieving sustainable agricultural intensification.
Increased nitrogen availability alters soil carbon quality by regulating microbial r‐K growth strategy, metabolic efficiency, and biomass in degraded temperate grasslands
Authors: Zeng Wenjing , Wang Zhaodi , Chen Xinyue , Yao Xiaodong , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExperimental evidence is limited for the role of soil microbial r‐K growth strategy, metabolic efficiency, and biomass in regulating soil carbon (C) quality under the atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition scenario, especially in degraded grasslands. Here, soil samples were collected from four sites with non, moderately, severely, and extremely degraded grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. The soil was incubated for 200 days with N addition treatment. Soil CO2‐C release rates were measured to fit a three‐pool model for describing soil C quality by the pool sizes of the fast, slow, and passive C fractions. Soil microbial r‐K growth strategy, metabolic efficiency, biomass, and major abiotic factors were measured. In non‐degraded grasslands, N addition significantly increased the fast C pool size but decreased the slow C pool size primarily through increases in microbial biomass N. However, in all three degraded grasslands, a consistent pattern was observed among different C pool sizes with N addition through changes in microbial r‐K growth strategy, metabolic efficiency, and biomass: the fast C pool size remained relatively stable because of the contrasting effects of increases in r‐strategists and enhanced metabolic efficiency; the slow C pool size was increased by the combined positive impacts of microbial metabolic efficiency and microbial biomass N and the passive C pool size decreased unexpectedly, although the metabolic efficiency, microbial biomass N, and r‐strategists increased. These findings highlight the important role of changes in microbial r‐K growth strategy, metabolic efficiency, and biomass in regulating soil C quality in degraded temperate grasslands.
Tuning the Phenotype of Cartilage Tissue Mimics by Varying Spheroid Maturation and Methacrylamide‐Modified Gelatin Hydrogel Characteristics
Authors: De Moor Lise , Minne Mendy , Tytgat Liesbeth , Vercruysse Chris , Dubruel Peter , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Declercq Heidi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn hybrid bioprinting of cartilage tissue constructs, spheroids are used as cellular building blocks and combined with biomaterials for dispensing. However, biomaterial intrinsic cues can deeply affect cell fate and to date, the influence of hydrogel encapsulation on spheroid viability and phenotype has received limited attention. This study assesses this need and unravels 1) how the phenotype of spheroid‐laden constructs can be tuned through adjusting the hydrogel physico–chemical properties and 2) if the spheroid maturation stage prior to encapsulation is a determining factor for the construct phenotype. Articular chondrocyte spheroids with a cartilage specific extracellular matrix (ECM) are generated and different maturation stages, early‐, mid‐, and late‐stage (3, 7, and 14 days, respectively), are harvested and encapsulated in 10, 15, or 20 w/v% methacrylamide‐modified gelatin (gelMA) for 14 days. The encapsulation of immature spheroids do not lead to a cartilage‐like ECM production but when more mature mid‐ or late‐stage spheroids are combined with a certain concentration of gelMA, a fibrocartilage‐like as well as a hyaline cartilage‐like phenotype can be induced. As a proof of concept, late‐stage spheroids are bioprinted using a 10 w/v% gelMA–Irgacure 2959 solution with the aim to test the processing potential of the spheroid‐laden bioink.
A simple filtering patch antenna based on stub‐loaded resonator
Authors: Yang Dong , Zhai Huiqing , Guo Chaozong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, a simple coaxial‐feed filtering patch antenna based on stub‐loaded resonator is investigated and analyzed. Owning to the addition of a pair of parasitic stubs, the original rectangular patch antenna acquires a new resonance point and an out‐side radiation null beyond the upper band edge. Then, by establishing a transverse path (introducing connected stubs), the radiating and filtering responses at lower band have been enhanced accordingly. In short, it operates like a three‐order filter with two‐constrained radiation nulls along the passband outside. The novel design has been verified by machining and testing, which meets the expected lately. A fractional bandwidth of 28% and a stable realized gain of 5.8 dBi in‐band are finally measured, and more it also reaches a higher radiation efficiency of 83%. Besides, it exhibits a unidirectional radiation pattern with a low‐cross polarization less than −20 dB in the boresight direction.
NMReDATA: Tools and applications
Authors: Kuhn Stefan , Wieske Lianne H. E. , Trevorrow Paul , Schober Daniel , Schlörer Nils E. , Nuzillard Jean‐Marc , Kessler Pavel , Junker Jochen , Herráez Angel , Farès Christophe , Erdélyi Mate , Jeannerat Damien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nuclear magnetic resonance extracted data (NMReDATA) format has been proposed as a way to store, exchange, and disseminate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and physical and chemical metadata of chemical compounds. In this paper, we report on analytical workflows that take advantage of the uniform and standardized NMReDATA format. We also give access to a repository of sample data, which can serve for validating software packages that encode or decode files in NMReDATA format.
A 43Ca nuclear magnetic resonance perspective on octacalcium phosphate and its hybrid derivatives
Authors: Laurencin Danielle , Li Yang , Duer Melinda J. , Iuga Dinu , Gervais Christel , Bonhomme Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract43Ca nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been extensively applied to the detailed study of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4.5H2O, and hybrid derivatives involving intercalated metabolic acids (viz., citrate, succinate, formate, and adipate). Such phases are of importance in the development of a better understanding of bone structure. High‐resolution 43Ca magic angle spinning (MAS) experiments, including double‐rotation (DOR) 43Ca NMR, as well as 43Ca{1H} rotational echo DOR (REDOR) and 31P{43Ca} REAPDOR NMR spectra, were recorded on a 43Ca‐labeled OCP phase at very high magnetic field (20 T), and complemented by ab initio calculations of NMR parameters using the Gauge‐Including Projector Augmented Wave–density functional theory (GIPAW‐DFT) method. This enabled a partial assignment of the eight inequivalent Ca2+ sites of OCP. Natural‐abundance 43Ca MAS NMR spectra were then recorded for the hybrid organic–inorganic derivatives, revealing changes in the 43Ca lineshape. In the case of the citrate derivative, these could be interpreted on the basis of computational models of the structure. Overall, this study highlights the advantages of combining high‐resolution 43Ca NMR experiments and computational modeling for studying complex hybrid biomaterials.
Distance measurements to quadrupolar nuclei: Evolution of the rotational echo double resonance technique
Authors: Goldbourt Amir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMolecular structure determination is the basis for understanding chemical processes and the property of materials. The direct dependence of the magnetic dipolar interaction on the distance makes solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) an excellent tool to study molecular structure when X‐ray crystallography fails to provide atomic‐resolution data. Although techniques to measure distances between pairs of isolated nuclear spin‐1/2 pairs are routine and easy to implement using the rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiment (Gullion & Schaefer, 1989), the existence of a nucleus with a spin > 1/2, appearing in approximately 75% of the elements in the periodic table, poses a challenge due to difficulties stemming from the large nuclear quadrupolar coupling constant (QCC). This mini‐review presents the existing solid‐state magic‐angle spinning NMR techniques aimed toward the efficient and accurate determination of internuclear distances between a spin‐1/2 and a “quadrupolar” nucleus having a spin larger than one half. Analytical expressions are provided for the various recoupling curves stemming from different techniques, and a coherent nomenclature for these various techniques is suggested. Treatment of some special cases such as multiple spin effects and spins with close Larmor frequencies is also discussed. The most advanced methods can recouple spins with quadrupolar frequencies up to tens of megahertz and beyond, expanding the distance measurement capabilities of solid‐state NMR to an increasingly growing number of applications and nuclear spin systems.
Aliasing artifact reduction in spiral real‐time MRI
Authors: Tian Ye , Lim Yongwan , Zhao Ziwei , Byrd Dani , Narayanan Shrikanth , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo mitigate a common artifact in spiral real‐time MRI, caused by aliasing of signal outside the desired FOV. This artifact frequently occurs in midsagittal speech real‐time MRI.MethodsSimulations were performed to determine the likely origin of the artifact. Two methods to mitigate the artifact are proposed. The first approach, denoted as “large FOV” (LF), keeps an FOV that is large enough to include the artifact signal source during reconstruction. The second approach, denoted as “estimation‐subtraction” (ES), estimates the artifact signal source before subtracting a synthetic signal representing that source in multicoil k‐space raw data. Twenty‐five midsagittal speech‐production real‐time MRI data sets were used to evaluate both of the proposed methods. Reconstructions without and with corrections were evaluated by two expert readers using a 5‐level Likert scale assessing artifact severity. Reconstruction time was also compared.ResultsThe origin of the artifact was found to be a combination of gradient nonlinearity and imperfect anti‐aliasing in spiral sampling. The LF and ES methods were both able to substantially reduce the artifact, with an averaged qualitative score improvement of 1.25 and 1.35 Likert levels for LF correction and ES correction, respectively. Average reconstruction time without correction, with LF correction, and with ES correction were 160.69 ± 1.56, 526.43 ± 5.17, and 171.47 ± 1.71 ms/frame.ConclusionBoth proposed methods were able to reduce the spiral aliasing artifacts, with the ES‐reduction method being more effective and more time efficient.
Overview of Ocular Side Effects of Selinexor
Authors: Al-Zubidi Nagham , Gombos Dan S. , Hong David S. , Subbiah Vivek , Fu Siqing , Ahnert Jordi Rodon , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Karp Daniel D. , Bernstam Funda Meric , Naing Aung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of this review is to elucidate the type and frequency of ocular adverse events associated with selinexor with a goal to quantify the occurrence of these events in our investigator-initiated trial.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 174 patients treated with at least one dose of selinexor in combination with multiple standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents between July 2015 and July 2020 at a comprehensive cancer center in the U.S. All reported ocular adverse events were assessed.

Results
A total of 174 patient medical records were reviewed. All patients received at least one dose of selinexor in combination with multiple standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents in our cohort of patients with advanced malignancies. A total of 34 (19.54%) patients experienced 37 ocular adverse events. The most frequently reported ocular symptom was blurred vision, which was reported in 22 (12.64%) patients. The most frequently reported treatment-related adverse event was dry eye syndrome reported in 21 (12.1%) patients, and 19 (10.9%) of them were diagnosed with mild dry eye. The second most common treatment-related adverse event was the progression of age-related nuclear sclerosis (cataract) reported in 7 (4.0%) patients. None of the ocular adverse events required therapy discontinuation.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight that ocular adverse events associated with oral selinexor were mild. The most frequently reported ocular treatment-related adverse events were mild dry eye and progression of age-related nuclear sclerosis. None of the ocular adverse events required therapy discontinuation.

Implications for Practice
Patients receiving selinexor in combination with multiple standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents were reviewed, with a total of 34 patients experiencing 37 ocular adverse events. Findings highlight that ocular adverse events associated with oral selinexor were mild. The most frequently reported ocular treatment-related adverse events were mild dry eye and progression of age-related nuclear sclerosis. None of the ocular adverse events required therapy discontinuation.
Fabrication and characterization of flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant of flexible polyurethane foam with modified hydrotalcite
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wen Yueqi , Li Sen , Wang Zhi , Xie Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hydrotalcite has been chemically modified by using the ion exchange method to insert dihydrogen phosphate between the carbonate‐type magnesium–aluminum hydrotalcite layers. And then, the effect of modified hydrotalcite on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has been investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI) method, cone calorimeter test (CONE), smoke density chamber, flue gas analyzer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The current indicated that the LOI of flame‐retardant modified FPUF was increased to 25.4%. And the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the samples were decreased by 74.9 kW/m2 and by 9.7 MJ/m2, respectively. Additionally, the total amount of flue gas produced by combustion was reduced by 157.7 m2/m2, and the maximum concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) gas decreased from 51.3 to 23.8 mg/m3. Based on these data, it can be found that the hydrotalcite modified by dihydrogen phosphate intercalation had an excellent flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant effect, and 15% of modified hydrotalcite was the most appropriate amount during the combustion process of the modified FPUFs.