bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El impacto de las reformas a la ley del trabajo sobre la calidad de vida de los trabajadores
Authors: Pacheco Luis Elsa , Galván Fernández María Antonina , Escobedo Guerrero Gabriela Guadalupe 
Published: June 2021

Introducción: En la década de los años setenta se consideró al neoliberalismo como la respuesta para paliar los problemas económicos mundiales, el cual pugnaba por la disolución progresiva de las fronteras económicas y políticas. Se pensaba que el libre flujo de dinero desde los países ricos en la región de Europa y Norteamérica hacia las vastas regiones pobres de África, América Latina y Oceanía era suficiente como estrategia para eliminar la pobreza y acabar con las crisis económicas recurrentes. A la par se desarrolla la globalización como un proceso de integración de todas las comunidades alrededor del mundo en los ámbitos económico, político, tecnológico, social y cultural, logrado por el desarrollo sin precedentes de los sistemas de comunicación. Este avance tecnológico favoreció el intercambio de productos y servicios, así como la conexión o movimiento de personas, y facilitó las inversiones y transacciones financieras entre mercados distantes o emergentes, acciones que antiguamente resultaban muy difíciles, altamente costosas o inviables.
La combinación de ambos fenómenos ha modificado la forma en que interactúan los países, las empresas y los individuos, de modo que, en esta última parte, ha impactado directamente en el mercado laboral, que a su vez ha modificado el ámbito jurídico y político de muchas regiones del planeta. Para lograr la competitividad solicitada internacionalmente uno de los factores clave fue la aplicación de modificaciones legislativas en materia laboral. En otras palabras, fue el concepto de flexibilización del empleo la base de modificación de la antigua ley para dejar que las fuerzas del mercado definieran su calidad.
Objetivo: En este estudio se realiza un comparativo entre la Ley Federal del Trabajo vigente en México respecto a la normativa antecesora, para lo cual se tomaron en cuenta el concepto calidad de vida, así como los indicadores propuestos por diferentes entidades internacionales.
Método: Se analizaron los indicadores mencionados bajo un sistema binario de calificación para realizar el acumulado (indicador acumulativo), elemento de comparación. La innovación de esta tarea fue la calificación de cada artículo de la ley en función de los conceptos calidad de vida y bienestar tipificados por las entidades internacionales. Esta propuesta de evaluación de las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores en México se considera más objetiva al abordar el bienestar material, los elementos de seguridad social y de realización personal.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se identifica una pérdida de elementos relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria, acceso a salud y educación, así como un retroceso en materia de seguridad laboral según los indicadores internacionales, lo que genera una precariedad laboral. Esto, en términos de desarrollo, constituye un retroceso en cuanto a las características del concepto bienestar.
NURCHOLISH MADJID (1939-2005) (Gagasan-Gagasan Pembaruan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer di Indonesia)
Authors: Khaeroni Cahaya 
Published: June 2021

Nurcholish Madjid merupakan salah satu tokoh pembaruan pemikiran Islam di Indonesia. Lewat gagasannya tentang teologi Islam Inklusif dan sekularisasi yang dipopulerkannya pada era 1970-an, Nurcholish Madjid tampil menjadi sosok intelektual dan pembaharu yang berdiri di garda depan dalam kancah pemikiran Islam di-Indonesia. Kendatipun demikian, juga tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa pemikiran-pemikiran yang dilontarkannya juga kerap memunculkan polemik-polemik mendalam diantara banyak kalangan elit intelektual Muslim. Menanggapi hal inilah, penelitian ini berusaha mengkaji lebih lanjut mengenai pemikiran-pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid, seorang tokoh pembaharu kontemporer yang cukup kontroversial baik dikalangan masyarakat awam maupun elit intelektual di Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan filosofis. Karakteristik dari pendekatan ini lebih menekankan pada fundamental structure dan ide-ide dasar serta menghindarkan detail-detail persoalan yang kurang relevan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pemikiran pembaharuan Nurcholish Madjid terbagi ke dalam 3 wilayah: Pertama, gagasan Modernisasi Islam; Kedua, Sekularisasi; dan ketiga, gagasan teologi inklusif.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PANLINTARMATIKA (PAPAN PERKALIAN PINTAR MATEMATIKA) MATERI PERKALIAN UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Afifah Hasna Nur , Fitrianawati Meita 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to 1) find out the steps in developing Panlintarmatika learning media, 2) know the feasibility of developing Panlintarmatika learning media based on experts. This study is a type of Research and Development (RD) research using the Borg and Gal model which consists of: (1) research and information collecting, (2) planning, (3) developing preliminary from a product, (4) prelimunary field testing, (5) main product revision, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product revision (8) operational field testing. The trial subjects used were 18 grade 2 students and teachers at SD N Kalangan. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis includes quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the validation of the media experts received a score of 60 in the "Very good" category, the validation of the material experts received a score of 42 in the "Good" category and the learning expert received a score of 60 in the "Good" category. The results of the small-scale field test students get a score of 100 with the category "Very Good" and the teacher gets a score of 94 with the category "Very Good". Large-scale field test results students get a score of 100 with the category "Very Good" and the teacher scores 98 with a score of "Very Good" It can be concluded that the Panlintarmatika learning media is feasible and can be used as class 2 learning multiplication material
Efficiency of different instruments used for composite filling polishing.
Authors: Kovacs-Ivacson Andrea-Csinszka , Stoica Alexandra Mihaela , Kovacs Mónika , Pop Mihai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Improper finishing and polishing of fillings leads to surface roughness of the restoration which leads to excessive plaque accumulation, gingival irritation, increased surface staining and poor aesthetics of restored teeth. Therefore, it is essential to use polishing instruments and pastes as a final step of simple caries treatment in order to achieve optimal long-time results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of 4 different finishing and polishing instruments used for surface smoothening of aesthetic restorative materials in vitro. Materials and methods: 40 composite (Reality X) samples were prepared in vitro. Their surface irregularities were measured along 3 diagonals before and after polishing. Sof-Lex discs (3M Espe), rubber cones (Kenda), Arkansas stone (Fino) and polishing paste and a professional toothbrush (Kerr) were used for polishing. Each sample was polished under 5N pressure for 30 seconds at 3000 rpm. The surface roughness was than measured using a profilometer. Statistic analysis was performed using ANOVA and unpaired T-tests, the significance level was set at a value of p<0.05. Results: Based on the mean values, the smallest roughness was found in the control group- 0.11, while the highest in the rubber polishers and Arkansas stone group- 0.47 and 0.48. The values for the Sof-Lex disc group and the polishing paste-toothbrush group were 0.40 and 0.39. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the four groups. Conclusion: It is mandatory to use polishing tools in order to obtain a smooth surface of the restoration and avoid the unwanted long-term complications. Polishing using brush and abrasive paste produced the smoothest surface of the composite.
Equilibrium and Convergence in Income Distribution: The Case of 28 European Countries in the Recent, Turbulent Past (1995–2019)
Authors: Guo Yanling , Sell Friedrich L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe authors developed a political economy equilibrium framework for personal income distribution. In the beginning, they set up a theoretical model which was rooted in status theory. With this concept, one may explain a certain or optimal degree of inequality in society and define a steady state to which inequality can converge. By taking the aggregated Gini coefficient due to a collective decision process, deviations from the steady state due to shocks are allowed. A return to equilibrium is feasible with speed which is compatible with the collective decisionmaking process. The authors then conducted an empirical analysis of personal income distribution in 28 European nations for the period before, during and after the great recession of 2009/2010 and the Euro crisis of 2010/2015 (1995–2019). Not surprisingly, they found inequality convergence in the data. However, the speed of convergence is not the same for all countries.
Supporting the corpus-based study of Shakespeare’s language: Enhancing a corpus of the First Folio
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan , Hardie Andrew , Demmen Jane , Hughes Jennifer , Timperley Matt 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article explores challenges in the corpus linguistic analysis of Shakespeare’s language, and Early Modern English more generally, with particular focus on elaborating possible solutions and the benefits they bring. An account of work that took place within the Encyclopedia of Shakespeare’s Language Project (2016–2019) is given, which discusses the development of the project’s data resources, specifically, the Enhanced Shakespearean Corpus. Topics covered include the composition of the corpus and its subcomponents; the structure of the XML markup; the design of the extensive character metadata; and the word-level corpus annotation, including spelling regularisation, part-of-speech tagging, lemmatisation and semantic tagging. The challenges that arise from each of these undertakings are not exclusive to a corpus-based treatment of Shakespeare’s plays but it is in the context of Shakespeare’s language that they are so severe as to seem almost insurmountable. The solutions developed for the Enhanced Shakespearean Corpus – often combining automated manipulation with manual interventions, and always principled – offer a way through.
Better data for more researchers – using the audio features of BNCweb
Authors: Hoffmann Sebastian , Arndt-Lappe Sabine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In spite of the wide agreement among linguists as to the significance of spoken language data, actual speech data have not formed the basis of empirical work on English as much as one would think. The present paper is intended to contribute to changing this situation, on a theoretical and on a practical level. On a theoretical level, we discuss different research traditions within (English) linguistics. Whereas speech data have become increasingly important in various linguistic disciplines, major corpora of English developed within the corpus-linguistic community, carefully sampled to be representative of language usage, are usually restricted to orthographic transcriptions of spoken language. As a result, phonological phenomena have remained conspicuously understudied within traditional corpus linguistics. At the same time, work with current speech corpora often requires a considerable level of specialist knowledge and tailor-made solutions. On a practical level, we present a new feature of BNCweb (Hoffmann et al. 2008), a user-friendly interface to the British National Corpus, which gives users access to audio and phonemic transcriptions of more than five million words of spontaneous speech. With the help of a pilot study on the variability of intrusive r we illustrate the scope of the new possibilities.
Digital unterstützte interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit im ambulanten Setting: Bedarfe, Erwartungen und Barrieren in der Ergotherapie, Logopädie und Physiotherapie – eine qualitative Studie / Digitally supported interprofessional cooperation in the outpatient setting: needs, expectations and barriers in occupational therapy, speech therapy and physiotherapy – a qualitative study
Authors: Schouten Leonie , Haensch Mareike , Lüddecke Ina , Petrovic Sylvia , Haase Laura , Zimmermann Franziska , Schäfer Axel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Komplexe Krankheitsbilder, die Vernetzung der Berufsgruppen sowie die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Gesundheitsberufe in Deutschland, insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Umsetzung von interprofessioneller Zusammenarbeit. Ziel der Studie ist, die Bedarfe, Erwartungen, Barrieren und Wünsche bezüglich einer digital unterstützten interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit ambulanter Praxen der Ergotherapie, Logopädie und Physiotherapie (ELP) zu untersuchen, um diese Herausforderungen zu adressieren. Mittels qualitativer Methoden wurden Therapeuten/-innen in zwei Fokusgruppen hinsichtlich ihrer Ansichten zur Interprofessionalität und dem aktuellen Einsatz von digitalen Medien befragt und darauf aufbauend Wünsche und Anforderungen an ein digitales Medium zur Unterstützung der interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit (IZ) gesammelt. Mittels der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz wurden die Kernaussagen entlang von Hauptkategorien wie „Berufliches Selbstverständnis ELP“, „Barrieren IZ“ und „Wünsche an ein digitales Medium“ zusammengefasst und die Kategorien in einer Concept-Map eingeordnet. Das Ergebnis umfasst eine erste Definition der „Digitalen Interprofessionalität“. Diese beschreibt eine berufsgruppenübergreifende Arbeitsweise, unterstützt durch ein digitales Medium zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation und der Patientenversorgung. Außerdem konnte aus den Aussagen der Teilnehmenden ein Framework generiert werden, welches zum einen Rahmenbedingungen zur Nutzung, wie Abrechnungsmöglichkeiten und Datenschutzregelungen, beinhaltet. Zum anderen sind gewünschte Funktionen sowie Gestaltungsideen abgebildet, beispielsweise ein Forum und intuitives Design. Die Ergebnisse der Studie bestätigen in der Literatur angeführte Barrieren der IZ, vor allem durch die Heilmittelrichtlinien, und verdeutlichen die Diskrepanz von Wünschen und Möglichkeiten. Mit der vorgeschlagenen Definition von digitaler Interprofessionalität wird, unter Einbezug der Digitalisierung, eine neue Perspektive auf IZ zwischen ELP eröffnet. Das Framework bietet Kriterien, welche in die Entwicklung eines ersten Prototypens einfließen können.
The Deaf Heritage Collective: Collaboration with Critical Intent
Authors: Jamieson Kirstie , Discepoli Marta , Leith Ella 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper reflects upon the Deaf Heritage Collective, a collaborative project led by Edinburgh Napier University’s Design for Heritage team and Heriot Watt’s Centre for Translation And Interpreting Studies. The project aimed to advance discussion around the British Sign Language Act (Scottish Government 2015) and bring into being a network of Deaf communities and cultural heritage organisations committed to promoting BSL in public life. The aim of this paper is to contextualise the project and its creative approach within the distinctly Scottish context, and the ideals of critical heritage, critical design and the museum activist movement. This paper presents the context and creative processes by which we engaged participants in debate and the struggles we encountered. We describe these processes and the primacy of collaborative making as a mode of inquiry. We argue that by curating a workshop space where different types of knowledge were valorised and where participants were encouraged to “think with” materials (Rockwell and Mactavish 2004) we were able to challenge the balance of power between heritage professionals and members of the Deaf community. By harnessing the explanatory power of collaborative making we debated the assemblages of epistemic inequality, and the imagined futures of Deaf heritage in Scotland.
Death by Poisoning: Cautionary Narratives and Inter-Ethnic Accusations in Contemporary Sikkim
Authors: Bhutia Kikee D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Sikkimese are a multi-ethnic community in a Himalayan sub-region in India. Even though the majority of the population is Hindu and Nepalese, the minority Buddhist and Bhutia/Lepcha communities are very strong. Death by poisoning is a common occurrence among the Sikkimese, and it is often ambiguous and subject to suspicion. Narrated initially as traditional cautionary tales, these belief narratives have been used against the multi-ethnic communities that reside in Sikkim, leading to real-world accusations. The article explores how belief in, and narratives related to, poison, poisoning, poison keepers and the poison deity are used to justify the demonisation and othering of a community.
Marginalisation, Revolt and Adaptation: on Changing the Mayamara Tradition
Authors: Saikia Baburam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Assam is a land of complex history and folklore situated in North East India where religious beliefs, both institutional and vernacular, are part and parcel of lived folk cultures. Amid the domination and growth of Goddess worshiping cults (sakta) in Assam, the sattra unit of religious and socio-cultural institutions came into being as a result of the neo-Vaishnava movement led by Sankaradeva (1449–1568) and his chief disciple Madhavadeva (1489–1596). Kalasamhati is one among the four basic religious sects of the sattras, spread mainly among the subdued communities in Assam. Mayamara could be considered a subsect under Kalasamhati. Aniruddhadeva (1553–1626) preached the Mayamara doctrine among his devotees on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river. Later his inclusive religious behaviour and magical skill influenced many locals to convert to the Mayamara faith. Ritualistic features are a very significant part of Mayamara devotee’s lives. Among the locals there are some narrative variations and disputes about stories and terminologies of the tradition. Adaptations of religious elements in their faith from Indigenous sources have led to the question of their recognition in the mainstream neo-Vaishnava order. In the context of Mayamara tradition, the connection between folklore and history is very much intertwined. Therefore, this paper focuses on marginalisation, revolt in the community and narrative interpretation on the basis of folkloristic and historical groundings. The discussion will reflect upon the beliefs, ritualistic aspects, and myths of the tradition. Fieldwork materials will be employed to discuss the tension between local practices and mainstream neo-Vaishnava influence.
“Kox Kwai Kauv Kox Kwai “:1 Ecopoetic Symbolisation in Pgaz K’nyau Oral Poetry
Authors: Ribó Ignasi , Samachitloed Sitthichok , Noopan Prapawarin , Satrakom Chanakan , Kotchamit Papawarin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article* presents the transcription, translation, and annotation of an original performance of hta, a traditional form of oral poetry in Sgaw, the language of the Pgaz K’Nyau (Karen) people of northern Thailand. This performance was recorded during ethnopoetic fieldwork carried out in two villages in the province of Chiang Rai.2 The hta is then analysed to understand the operations of ecopoetic symbolisation that bring particular nonhumans into the domain of human language. This analysis reveals that a metaphorical mode of symbolisation is extensively used throughout the hta to overcome human/nonhuman allotopies by means of implicit or explicit semic transformations. This seems to indicate that a naturalistic mode of identification underlies the whole poem, a conclusion that calls into question the essentialising and mythifying portrayal of the Pgaz K’Nyau as pre-modern and animistic indigenous stewards.
The Prince’s Wings: Possible Origin of the Tale Type and its Early Chinese Variants
Authors: Starostina Aglaia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article* aims to clarify the relations between the early versions of tale type ATU 575. Examining the range of Chinese accounts concerning various wooden birds, the author concludes that two groups can be distinguished. The first consists of stories about flying wooden kite-like birds that are not used as vehicles, while in the second, we deal with wooden birds that can carry people. Records belonging to the second group and evidently having their origin in Indian and Central Asian folk tradition appear later in China. An attempt is made to restore possible outlines of the tale type’s ancestral stories. The article states that the tale of an enamoured weaver in the Panchatantra evolves from the structure of such an ancestral story.
Adoption of Good Agricultural Practice to Increase Yield and Profit of Ginger Farming in Nepal
Authors: Baral Rudra , Kafle Bishnu Prasad , Panday Dinesh , Shrestha Jiban , Min Doohong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the major high-value cash crops in Nepal. Low yield, conventional farming, and limited access to production resources such as improved cultivars, production technologies, and extension services are the existing problems of Nepali ginger farmers. In this study, we conducted community based-participatory research in Ilam district, Nepal, in 2015–2017. This research aimed to explore the appropriate ginger farming technology considering yield, income, and environment. We compared the effect of four different ginger production technologies on ginger yield and net farm income that include: i) traditional practice with mother rhizome harvest, ii) traditional practice without mother rhizome harvest, iii) good agricultural practice (GAP) with mother rhizome harvest, and iv) GAP without mother rhizome harvest. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The yield of ginger under GAP and without mother rhizome harvest was observed 17.9 t·ha−1, which was 39.8% higher than the farmers’ existing practices and 45.5% higher than the national average. The cost of production was almost the same in all treatments; however, the GAP with mother rhizome-harvested treatment gave the highest benefit–cost ratio (1.5) along with the maximum net farm income ($2072.6·ha−1·year−1). Thus, we suggest ginger producers adopting GAP rules to obtain a higher yield and harvesting mother rhizomes earlier for obtaining maximum profit. The GAP rules will additionally protect the environment. This study also suggests policymakers and related stakeholders promoting GAP as a sustainable production technology in agriculture-based countries like Nepal.
Simulation of boronizing kinetics of ASTM A36 steel with the alternative kinetic model and the integral method
Authors: Abdellah Z. Nait , Keddam M. , Jurči P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, two different mathematical models have been proposed for estimating the diffusivities of boron in the Fe2B layer on ASTM A36 steel in the range of 1173 to 1273 K with exposure times of 2 to 8 h. The boride incubation period required for the formation of such a layer was constant regardless of the boriding conditions. In both approaches, the boron diffusivity in the iron phase was considered in an unsaturated matrix. The first approach was derived from the mass balance equation at the (Fe2B/substrate) interface while the second approach employed the integral diffusion model. The calculated values of boron activation energies for ASTM A36 steel were found to be very comparable for the two approaches (161.65 and 160.96 and kJ mol-1). Afterwards, these values of activation energy were confronted with the results from the literature. Experimental validation of these two approaches has been done by comparing the experimental value of Fe2B layer thickness measured at 1123 K for 2.5 h with the simulated values. Finally, the predicted values of Fe2B layer thickness were in line with the experimental measurement.