bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-particle diffusional fingerprinting: A machine-learning framework for quantitative analysis of heterogeneous diffusion
Authors: Pinholt Henrik D. , Bohr Søren S.-R. , Iversen Josephine F. , Boomsma Wouter , Hatzakis Nikos S. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Single-particle tracking (SPT) analysis of individual biomolecules is an indispensable tool for extracting quantitative information from dynamic biological processes, but often requires some a priori knowledge of the system. Here we present “single-particle diffusional fingerprinting,” a more general approach for extraction of diffusional patterns in SPT independently of the biological system. This method extracts a set of descriptive features for each SPT trajectory, which are ranked upon classification to yield mechanistic insights for the species under comparison. We demonstrate its capacity to yield a dictionary of diffusional traits across multiple systems (e.g., lipases hydrolyzing fat, transcription factors diffusing in cells, and nanoparticles in mucus), supporting its use on multiple biological phenomena (e.g., drug delivery, receptor dynamics, and virology).
Independent Markov decomposition: Toward modeling kinetics of biomolecular complexes
Authors: Hempel Tim , del Razo Mauricio J. , Lee Christopher T. , Taylor Bryn C. , Amaro Rommie E. , Noé Frank 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceMolecular simulations of proteins are often interpreted using Markov state models (MSMs), in which each protein configuration is assigned to a global state. As we explore larger and more complex biological systems, the size of this global state space will face a combinatorial explosion, rendering it impossible to gather sufficient sampling data. In this work, we introduce an approach to decompose a system of interest into separable subsystems. We show that MSMs built for each subsystem can be later coupled to reproduce the behaviors of the global system. To aid in the choice of decomposition we also describe a score to quantify its goodness. This decomposition strategy has the promise to enable robust modeling of complex biomolecular systems.
Articulatory and acoustic correlates of pharyngealization and
pharyngealization spread in Cairene Arabic
Authors: Hermes Zainab , Barlaz Marissa , Shosted Ryan , Liang Zhi-Pei , Sutton Brad P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pharyngealized speech sounds in Arabic are
articulated with a secondary posterior constriction and a lowered
tongue body. This articulatory configuration spreads to adjacent and
neighboring segments and has the acoustic consequence of lowering F2
in affected vowels. This study demonstrates that real-time Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (rtMRI) can be successfully used to examine the
role of (1) vowel length and (2) direction of spread in the extent
of the articulatory modifications that occur in the segments to
which pharyngealization spreads. Parallel acoustic measurements are
also acquired to examine and compare the extent of modifications in
formant frequencies. Results from both articulatory and acoustic
data demonstrate that the extent of pharyngealization spread
significantly varies with respect to these two factors.
LATFA
Authors: Marquis Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research demonstrates the existing links between
oral language and literacy. The present chapter introduces the
Language Acquisition Test for Arabic (LATFA), an assessment tool
based on oral language skills to predict future literacy
difficulties in Emirati Arabic (EA) speaking children. A total of
forty-three EA speaking children were evaluated in EA using the
LATFA tool on their language perception (i.e., phonological
awareness & speech perception) and language production (i.e.,
morphological awareness & phonological production) at the end of
their first grade in school. A year later, the same children were
assessed with three literacy tasks. Results show that the LATFA tool
can help in predicting and identifying literacy difficulties faced
by EA speaking children.
Sentence repetition in children with autism spectrum disorder in
Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Hassan Mada Abdullah , Marinis Theodoros 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the morphosyntactic
abilities of Saudi Arabic-speaking children with Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD) using a Saudi Arabic Sentence Repetition Task
(Saudi-SRT) developed for this study. The first objective of the
study was to determine whether Saudi Arabic-speaking children with
autism living in Saudi have difficulties in morphosyntax as a
function of their verbal abilities. For this reason, the
participating children with autism were divided into subgroups of
children with autism with normal language (ALN) and children with
autism with language impairment (ALI) based on their verbal
abilities. The second objective of this study was to identify
whether the children’s performance differs as a function of the
scoring scheme used. Towards that aim, two scoring schemes were used
based on whether children repeated sentences verbatim versus whether
they used the targeted structure accurately. The third objective was
to address differences between the structures used in the Saudi-SRT.
The study involved 62 five- to seven-year-old children who speak
Saudi Arabic as their first language: 20 children with autism
(n = 10 ALN and n = 10 ALI)
and 42 typically developing (TD) control children. The children with
autism showed difficulties in morphosyntax as a function of their
verbal abilities, but the scoring scheme modulated this. In
nonverbal abilities and receptive vocabulary, ALI scored lower than
TD and ALN, and there was no difference between TD and ALN. As for
the grammatical abilities, the less sensitive verbatim scheme showed
a similar pattern in the ALN and ALI children who performed less
well than the TD children; in contrast, the more sensitive
structural scheme showed that in the most syntactically complex
structures, the ALN children performed similarly to the TD children
and better than the ALI children.
Student understanding of the first law and second law of thermodynamics
Authors: Brown Benjamin , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We discuss common student difficulties with the first and second laws of thermodynamics found using a validated conceptual multiple-choice survey called the survey of thermodynamic processes and first and second laws suitable for introductory physics courses. The analysis of data from more than a thousand students using the validated survey at six different colleges in the US shows that not only introductory but also advanced physics students have many common difficulties with these concepts after traditional lecture-based instruction in relevant concepts. The findings of the common student difficulties with the first and second laws of thermodynamics discussed here can be useful for developing effective curricula and pedagogies in order to reduce student difficulties.
Long time finite dimensionality in charged fluids
Authors: Abdo Elie , Ignatova Mihaela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider long time dynamics of solutions of 2D periodic Nernst–Planck–Navier–Stokes systems forced by body charges and body forces. We show that, in the absence of body charges, but in the presence of fluid body forces, the charge density of the ions converges exponentially in time to zero, and the ion concentrations converge exponentially in time to equal time independent constants. This happens while the fluid continues to be dynamically active for all time. In the general case of body charges and body forces, the solutions converge in time to an invariant finite dimensional compact set in phase space.
The use of infrared thermography for the dynamic measurement of skin temperature of moving athletes during competition; methodological issues
Authors: Aylwin Polly E , Racinais Sebastien , Bermon Stéphane , Lloyd Alex , Hodder Simon , Havenith George 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) for skin temperature measurement of moving athletes during competition and its sensitivity to factors that are traditionally standardised. Approach. Thermograms were collected for 18 female athletes during the 20 km racewalk at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, with a medium-wave, cooled indium antimonide medium wave infrared band (MWIR) and a long-wave, uncooled microbolometer longwave infrared band (LWIR) infrared camera. Main results. The MWIR provided greater clarity images of motion due to a shorter exposure and response time and produced a higher percentage of acceptable images. Analysing acceptable images only, the LWIR and WMIR produced good levels of agreement, with a bias of −0.1 ± 0.6 °C in mean skin temperature for the LWIR. As the surface area of an ROI was reduced, the measured temperature became less representative of the whole ROI. Compared to measuring the whole area ROI, a single central pixel produced a bias of 0.3 ± 0.3 °C (MWIR) and 0.1 ± 0.4 °C (LWIR) whilst using the maximum and minimum temperature pixels resulted in deviations of 1.3 ± 0.4 °C and −1.1 ± 0.3 °C (MWIR) and 1.2 ± 0.3 °C and −1.3 ± 0.4 °C (LWIR). The sensitivity to air and reflected temperatures was lower for the LWIR camera, due to the higher emissivity of skin in its wavelength. Significance. IRT provides an appropriate tool for the measurement of skin temperature during real-world competition and critically during athlete motion. The cheaper LWIR camera provides a feasible alternative to the MWIR in low rate of motion scenarios, with comparable precision and sensitivity to analysis. However, the LWIR is limited when higher speeds prevent the accurate measurement and ability to capture motion.
Intermediate filaments ensure resiliency of single carcinoma cells, while active contractility of the actin cortex determines their invasive potential
Authors: Ficorella Carlotta , Eichholz Hannah Marie , Sala Federico , Vázquez Rebeca Martínez , Osellame Roberto , Käs Josef A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the intracellular cytoskeleton undergoes severe reorganization which allows epithelial cells to transition into a motile mesenchymal phenotype. Among the different cytoskeletal elements, the intermediate filaments keratin (in epithelial cells) and vimentin (in mesenchymal cells) have been demonstrated to be useful and reliable histological markers. In this study, we assess the potential invasiveness of six human breast carcinoma cell lines and two mouse fibroblasts cells lines through single cell migration assays in confinement. We find that the keratin and vimentin networks behave mechanically the same when cells crawl through narrow channels and that vimentin protein expression does not strongly correlate to single cells invasiveness. Instead, we find that what determines successful migration through confining spaces is the ability of cells to mechanically switch from a substrate-dependent stress fibers based contractility to a substrate-independent cortical contractility, which is not linked to their tumor phenotype.
Black phosphorus junctions and their electrical and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Deng Ningqin , Tian He , Zhang Jian , Jian Jinming , Wu Fan , Shen Yang , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP), an emerging two-dimensional material, is considered a promising candidate for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to in-plane anisotropy, high mobility, and direct bandgap. However, BP devices face challenges due to their limited stability, photo-response speed, and detection range. To enhance BP with powerful electrical and optical performance, the BP heterostructures can be created. In this review, the state-of-the-art heterostructures and their electrical and optoelectronic applications based on black phosphorus are discussed. Five parts introduce the performance of BP-based devices, including black phosphorus sandwich structure by hBN with better stability and higher mobility, black phosphorus homojunction by dual-gate structure for optical applications, black phosphorus heterojunction with other 2D materials for faster photo-detection, black phosphorus heterojunction integration with 3D bulk material, and BP via As-doping tunable bandgap enabling photo-detection up to 8.2 μm. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects for BP electrical and optical devices and applications.
Extensive study of optical contrast between bulk and nanoscale transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
Authors: Parmar Ankush , Kaur Jashangeet , Sharma Manish Dev , Goyal Navdeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A remarkable refinement in the optical behavior of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has been brought to light when cleaved from their respective bulks. These atomically thin direct bandgap semiconductors are highly responsive to optical energy which proposes the route for futuristic photonic devices. In this manuscript, we have substantially focused on the optical study of MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets and comparative analysis with their bulk counterparts. The synthesis of nanosheets has been accomplished with liquid exfoliation followed by fabrication of thin films with drop-casting technique. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy affirmed the morphology, whereas, UV–visible spectroscopy served as the primary tool for optical analysis. It was observed that several parameters, like optical conductivity, optical band-gap energy etc. have enhanced statistics in the case of exfoliated nanosheets as compared to their respective bulks. Some researchers have touched upon this analysis for MoS2, but it is completely novel for WS2. We expect our work to clearly distinguish between the optical behaviors of nanoscale and bulk TMDs so as to intensify and strengthen the research related to 2D-layered materials for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
Design and Realization of Electrostatic Dynamic Potential Test Device
Authors: Lin Yiyong , Zhao Mei , Chen Jianbiao , Hu Shibin , Guo Junchao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Electrostatic potential testing is an important parameter for characterization of the electrostatic source. An electrostatic dynamic potential test device based on the principle of “signal virtual shielding-distributed parameter coverage” is proposed for the large sensor volume, complex signal processing and network transmission in current electrostatic dynamic potential tester. The problems of linear distortion and frequency response are solved. The basic principle of electrostatic dynamic potential test is introduced. The design requirements are defined.The hardware and software design and implementation process of electrostatic dynamic potential test device are described in detail. Finally the test verification and application of the device are given.
Research on Knowledge Graph Construction for Intelligent Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Transformers
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Gao Fei , Yang Ning , Hu Chengbo , Liu Ziquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the process of transformer equipment operation and maintenance, power companies encounter some problems, including of unstructured text data difficult to use, full caliber data difficult to deeply integrate and shallow equipment knowledge application. Based on artificial intelligence technology such as semantic web, knowledge map, natural language processing, etc., this paper studies the key technologies of equipment intelligent service, and proposes a knowledge intelligent technology framework for transformer. This framework includes three components: unstructured text intelligent recognition and extraction, device centered device knowledge representation and storage, and device knowledge intelligent application.
Specific emitter identification based on CNN
Authors: Hou Keke , Li Nan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Specific emitter identification is one of the important technologies of electronic countermeasures. The convolutional neural network (CNN) has a strong ability to process image classification. To solve the problem that the bispectral feature of the radiation source does not perform well in the specific emitter identification, this paper proposes a method of combining the two-dimensional bispectrum of the radiation source and CNN. In order to test the performance of the method, this article designed a semi-physical system to collect the radiation source signal. It is verified by experiments that this method has a 92.4% correct rate for identifying different radiation source signals. Compared with other algorithms that combine bispectral features, the proposed method has advantages in accuracy and complexity.
Star Sensor Calibration Using Fine Guidance Sensor Information for Installation Errors
Authors: Gao Jingwei , Zhang Yang , Gao Jingmin , Zhang Kebei , Feng Qingjuan , Guo Miao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To correct installation errors of star sensors, we propose an error calibration method based on the measurement information from fine guidance sensors (FGS). This work established an extended Kalman filter model by using the measurement information of FGS as the observation to estimate position errors. Simulation experiments are presented to assess the effectiveness of the proposed star sensor calibration technique, and the results demonstrate the improved error estimation accuracy.
Design of High Gain Wearable Antenna Based on Wireless Body Area Network Communications
Authors: Wang Yan , Bao Jianqiang , Tian Yanwei , Wang Zhao , Li Na 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a wearable antenna for Wireless Body Area Network communication. A 3×3 array artificial magnetic conductor structure (AMC) is loaded at the bottom of the antenna to reduce the backward radiation and improve the antenna gain. The simulated results show that the antenna can completely meet the working requirements in the bent state. After the addition of AMC array, the maximum gain reaches 7.53 dB, and the SAR value of human tissue can be reduced by about 94%. In addition, we have also processed and tested the antenna. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results, and its working bandwidth includes the low-frequency band of the ISM frequency band for WBAN communication, which can meet the working requirements of the antenna.
Influence evaluation of UAV inlet on electromagnetic scattering and time-frequency characteristics
Authors: Sun Xumin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An analytical method for electromagnetic scattering characteristics of complex unmanned aerial vehicle targets by using hybrid multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA)-physical optics (PO) and short-time fourier transformation (STFT) is proposed in this paper. By constructing accurate electromagnetic models of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) target with inlet, the aspect and polarization characteristics of radar cross section (RCS) and time-frequency representation (TFR) are studied. To validate the influence of the inlet, the monostatic and bistatic RCS at specific angles, RCS statistical characteristics and TFR correlation are simulated and compared. It is concluded that the inlet should be sufficiently considered to calculate the accurate scattering characteristics.
Correction of Tunnel Wireless Propagation Model Based on TD-LTE
Authors: Yan Rui , Zheng Yunshui , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Because WLAN uses the open frequency band of 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz and does not need to be approved by the radio management department, it is inevitable that it will interfere with the wireless transmission of rail transportationt vehicles. The rail transit system of some cities introduces TD-LTE into the CBTC system, but the path loss generated during the transmission has a non-negligible impact on the urban rail transit network propagation plan. Therefore, the accuracy of the radio wave transmission model has an impact on the urban rail transit system. The importance of transportation is self-evident. This paper selects the SPM propagation model for correction, and uses the PSO algorithm to make up for the problem of BP easily falling into local optimality, and obtains the corrected propagation model and the measured data is closer.
Layout guide for Journal of Physics: Design and Research of Distributed Educational Resource Sharing Platform Based on IPFS
Authors: Zhou Qinghe , Lu Ju , Yin Hongjie , He Dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the age of information network, blockchain technology has become a key focus. With the integration of new technologies, blockchain covers many fields such as finance, social welfare, agriculture, smart cities, and education. At the same time, education has undergone fundamental changes along with the continuous advancement of technology, and under the impetus of blockchain and other technologies, “technology better empowers education” is an important goal of education informatization workers. Therefore, this article will explore its application scenarios in the field of “blockchain + education” based on blockchain and IPFS-related technologies and elaborate on how IPFS technology can improve the efficiency of educational resource sharing, optimize the process of sharing and dissemination of educational resources, promote the improvement of the quality of science education and build the application prospects of science education resource sharing.
Error Self-Detection of Smart Electric Meter Base on DFT processing
Authors: Wu Zhongxing , Zhu Enguo , Lin Fantao , Xu Yuelou 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes a high frequency signal (975 HZ) through superposition method for error self-detection. The feasibility of 975Hz superposition signal is illustrated and verified. According to the Nyquist sampling theorem, the sampling data are processed by DFT theorem. And through the self-detection error and metering error analysis judgment, it is concluded that scheme design of the self-detection error can be used as report and the early warning mechanism of smart IoT electric meter. It lays a good foundation for realizing the transformation of smart electric meter from regular replacement to state replacement, and provides a theoretical basis for ensuring the accuracy of metering.
Acoustic field simulation of phased array in borehole in layered formation
Authors: Gan Tian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Horizontal stratified strata is a common geological model, and it needs to be simulated numerically in order to get the propagation law of sound waves in it, usually using the finite-difference time-domain method. However, for hundreds of meters underground well section, how to improve the calculation efficiency is a question that we need consider. In this paper, a dynamic method is proposed to obtain the computational domain, which can minimize the computational domain when the simulation results are reliable. When the transmitter is located below the receiver and the nearest delamination boundary is more than 2.0 m below the instrument, all delamination media below the instrument can be ignored in the calculation. A similar strategy is used for the layered boundary located above the array receiver. In this paper, the method is used to simulate the response of phased array acoustic logging in multi-layer media.
Installation and Debugging of Pneumatic Sorting Station in Flexible Automatic Production Line
Authors: Li Songtao , Zhou Xueguang , Liu Xuxuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vocational and technical colleges attach great importance to practical teaching. Automatic production line is an important equipment for practical teaching of required courses for mechanical and electrical majors and non-mechanical and electrical majors. On the basis of analyzing the composition of flexible automatic production line and training objectives, this paper gives the structure and workflow of pneumatic sorting station, summarizes pneumatic components, and gives installation and debugging steps.