bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple dimensions underlying the functional organisation of the language network
Authors: Hodgson Victoria J. , Ralph Matthew A. Lambon , Jackson Rebecca L. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the different neural networks that support human language is an ongoing challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Which divisions are capable of distinguishing the functional significance of regions across the language network? A key separation between semantic cognition and phonological processing was highlighted in early meta-analyses, yet these seminal works did not formally test this proposition. Moreover, organisation by domain is not the only possibility. Regions may be organised by the type of process performed, as in the separation between representation and control processes proposed within the Controlled Semantic Cognition framework. The importance of these factors was assessed in a series of activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses that investigated which regions of the language network are consistently recruited for semantic and phonological domains, and for representation and control processes. Whilst semantic and phonological processing consistently recruit many overlapping regions, they can be dissociated (by differential involvement of bilateral anterior temporal lobes and superior temporal gyri) only when using both formal analysis methods and sufficient data. Both semantic and phonological regions are further dissociable into control and representation regions, highlighting this as an additional, distinct dimension on which the language network is functionally organised. Furthermore, some of these control regions overlap with multiple-demand network regions critical for control beyond the language domain, suggesting the relative level of domain-specificity is also informative. Multiple, distinct dimensions are critical to understand the role of language regions. Here we present a proposal as to the core principles underpinning the functional organisation of the language network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTraditional theories of the organisation of the cortical language network separate areas based on the type of information processed, such as distinct regions representing the meaning of words or their sounds. Here, we re-analyse and update a seminal study, to directly compare these networks. This differentiates some language regions, yet a high degree of overlap is found, suggesting this division alone, does not provide a full mapping of the language network. Additional dimensions, reflecting different kinds of information, are demonstrated to underlie the functional organisation of the language network. First, representation and control processes engage distinct regions in each subdomain. Secondly, comparison outside of language highlights the importance of a ‘domain-specificity’ dimension, distinguishing subdomain-specific semantic control and domain-general control regions.
Defining the role of the polyasparagine repeat domain of theS. cerevisiaetranscription factor Azf1p
Authors: Stewart Taylor , Wolfe Benjamin E. , Fuchs Stephen M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAcross eukaryotes, homopolymeric repeats of amino acids are enriched in regulatory proteins such as transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. These domains play important roles in signaling, binding, prion formation, and functional phase separation. Azf1p is a prion-forming yeast transcription factor that contains two homorepeat domains, a polyglutamine and a polyasparagine domain. In this work, we report a new phenotype for Azf1p and identify a large set of genes that are regulated by Azf1p during growth in glucose. We show that the polyasparagine (polyN) domain plays a subtle role in transcription but is dispensable for Azf1p localization and prion formation. Genes upregulated upon deletion of the polyN domain are enriched in functions related to carbon metabolism and storage. This domain may therefore be a useful target for engineering yeast strains for fermentation applications and small molecule production. We also report that both the polyasparagine and polyglutamine domains vary in length across strains ofS. cerevisiaeand propose a model for how this variation may impact protein function.
Catching SARS-CoV-2 by sequence hybridization: a comparative analysis
Authors: Rehn Alexandra , Braun Peter , Knüpfer Mandy , Wölfel Roman , Antwerpen Markus H. , Walter Mathias C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractControlling and monitoring the still ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic regarding geographical distributions, evolution and emergence of new mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is only possible due to continuous next-generation sequencing (NGS) and worldwide sequence data sharing. Efficient sequencing strategies enabling the retrieval of the maximum number of high quality, full-length genomes are hence indispensable. Here, we describe for the first time a combined approach of digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and NGS to evaluate five commercially available sequence capture panels targeting SARS-CoV-2. In doing so, we were not only able to determine the most sensitive and specific capture panel, but to discriminate their mode of action and number of read pairs needed to recover a high quality full length genome. Thereby, we are providing essential information for all sequencing laboratories worldwide striving for maximizing the sequencing output and simultaneously minimizing time, costs and sequencing resources.
Post-infection treatment with a protease inhibitor increases survival of mice with a fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Dampalla Chamandi S. , Zhang Jian , Perera Krishani Dinali , Wong Lok-Yin Roy , Meyerholz David K. , Nguyen Harry Nhat , Kashipathy Maithri M. , Battaile Kevin P. , Lovell Scott , Kim Yunjeong , Perlman Stanley , Groutas William C. , Chang Kyeong-Ok 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to be a serious global public health threat. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a virus protease encoded by SARS-CoV-2, which is essential for virus replication. We have previously reported a series of small molecule 3CLpro inhibitors effective for inhibiting replication of human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and in animal models. Here we generated a series of deuterated variants of a 3CLpro inhibitor, GC376, and evaluated the antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. The deuterated GC376 displayed potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the enzyme and the cell-based assays. The K18-hACE2 mice develop mild to lethal infection commensurate with SARS-CoV-2 challenge doses and was proposed as a model for efficacy testing of antiviral agents. We treated lethally infected mice with a deuterated derivative of GC376. Treatment of K18-hACE2 mice at 24 hr post infection with a derivative (compound 2) resulted in increased survival of mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Lung virus titers were decreased, and histopathological changes were ameliorated in compound 2-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Structural investigation using high-resolution crystallography illuminated binding interactions of 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with deuterated variants of GC376. Taken together, deuterated GC376 variants have excellent potential as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
SSNA1 stabilizes dynamic microtubules and detects microtubule damage
Authors: Lawrence EJ , Arnaiz C , Arpag G , Zanic M 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTSjögren’s Syndrome Nuclear Autoantigen 1 (SSNA1/NA14) is a microtubule-associated protein with important functions in cilia, dividing cells and developing neurons. However, the direct effects of SSNA1 on microtubules are not known. We employedin vitroreconstitution with purified proteins and TIRF microscopy to investigate the activity of human SSNA1 on dynamic microtubule ends and lattices. We find that SSNA1 modulates all parameters of microtubule dynamic instability – slowing down the rates of growth, shrinkage and catastrophe, and promoting rescue. SSNA1 accumulation on dynamic microtubule ends correlates with the growth rate slow-down. Furthermore, SSNA1 prevents catastrophe when soluble tubulin is removed or sequestered by Op18/Stathmin. Finally, SSNA1 detects spastin-induced damage and inhibits spastin’s severing activity. Therefore, SSNA1 is both a potent microtubule stabilizing protein and a sensor of microtubule damage; activities that likely underlie SSNA1’s cellular functions.
Mechanically Transduced Immunosorbent Assay To Measure Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Petell Christopher J. , Randene Kathyrn , Pappas Michael , Sandoval Diego , Strahl Brian D. , Harrison Joseph S. , Steimel Joshua P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMeasuring protein-protein interaction (PPI) affinities is fundamental to biochemistry. Yet, conventional methods rely upon the law of mass action and cannot measure many PPIs due to a scarcity of reagents and limitations in the measurable affinity ranges. Here we present a novel technique that leverages the fundamental concept of friction to produce a mechanical signal that indicates binding. The mechanically transduced immunosorbent (METRIS) assay utilizes rolling magnetic probes to measure PPI interaction affinities. METRIS measures the translational displacement of protein-coated particles on a protein-functionalized substrate. The translational displacement scales with the effective friction induced by a PPI, thus producing a mechanical signal when a binding event occurs. The METRIS assay uses as little as 20 pmols of reagents to measure a wide range of affinities while exhibiting a high resolution and sensitivity. Here we use METRIS to measure several PPIs that were previously inaccessible using traditional methods, providing new insights into epigenetic recognition.
Mindfulness in ethical consumption: the mediating roles of connectedness to nature and self-control
Authors: Li Yiyan , Wei Liyuan , Zeng Xiaohua , Zhu Jianjun 
Published: February 2021

PurposeEthical consumption is an integral component for the sustainable development in the world and is especially challenging in the Western consumer society. This research demonstrates that mindfulness, a Buddhism-based notion, is associated with two related and distinctive approaches of ethical consumption: refinement and reduction. It examines the psychological mechanisms underlying the effects of mindfulness on these two approaches of ethical consumption.Design/methodology/approachSelf-report data were collected through an online survey with consumers from western societies (N = 523).FindingsThe findings show (1) that the significance of mindfulness on both approaches of ethical consumption and (2) that the contrast between the different mechanisms underlying them. Specifically, the mindfulness–consumption refinement link is fully mediated by connectedness-to-nature whereas the mindfulness–consumption reduction link is fully mediated by connectedness-to-nature and self-control. A series of supplementary studies further confirmed the proposed model.Research limitations/implicationsIt demonstrates the multifaceted and complex nature of ethical consumption, which is positively associated with mindfulness but through distinctive psychological mechanisms.Practical implicationsThe multifaceted and complex nature of ethical consumption and its underlying drivers need special attention. Mindfulness can be an effective means to boost ethical consumption behavior. Meanwhile, nurturing the sense of connectedness to nature and self-control capability facilitates the path-through of the positive impacts of mindfulnessSocial implicationsThe findings can be adopted to enhance the effectiveness of mindfulness practice in promoting ethical consumption towards achieving the Sustainable Consumption goal, especially in the West.Originality/valueThe paper makes original contribution by conceptualizing two interrelated and distinctive approaches of ethical consumption and shows how mindfulness promotes both through different mediating pathways. Overall, this study paints a clearer picture how mindfulness relates to ethical consumption.
Artificial intelligence and robots in individuals' lives: how to align technological possibilities and ethical issues
Authors: Liang Ting-Peng , Robert Lionel , Sarker Suprateek , Cheung Christy M.K. , Matt Christian , Trenz Manuel , Turel Ofir 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper reports the panel discussion on the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots in our lives. This discussion was held at the Digitization of the Individual (DOTI) workshop at the International Conference on Information Systems in 2019. Three scholars (in alphabetical order: Ting-Peng Liang, Lionel Robert and Suprateek Sarker) who have done AI- and robot-related research (to varying degrees) were invited to participate in the panel discussion. The panel was moderated by Manuel Trenz.Design/methodology/approachThis paper introduces the topic, chronicles the responses of the three panelists to the questions the workshop chairs posed and summarizes their responses, such that readers can have an overview of research on AI and robots in individuals' lives and insights about future research directions.FindingsThe panelists discussed four questions with regard to their research experiences on AI- and robot-related topics. They expressed their viewpoints on the underlying nature, potential and effects of AI in work and personal life domains. They also commented on the ethical dilemmas for research and practice and provided their outlook for future research in these emerging fields.Originality/valueThis paper aggregates the panelists' viewpoints, as expressed at the DOTI workshop. Crucial ethical and theoretical issues related to AI and robots in both work and personal life domains are addressed. Promising research directions to these cutting-edge research fields are also proposed.
Performance measurement embedded in organizational project management of general contractors operating in Poland
Authors: Głodziński Eryk 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss contemporary knowledge relevant to the application of performance measurement (PMe) in the concept of OPM and to compare findings from a literature review with solutions recommended for utilization by managers from general contractors operating in Poland. There are few studies related to the mentioned topic, much fewer describing the geographical area of Eastern Europe.

Design/methodology/approach
Triangulation of research methods was selected. First literature review, next desk research and finally descriptive statistical analysis and interview were conducted. The research methods were applied in three steps whose beginnings overlapped and the mid-term findings from one study complemented others.

Findings
PMe should be focused on management and governance issues. Its evaluation is related to various organizational levels (permanent organization, portfolio, program, project, construction site and supply chain), most of them are under valuated by practitioners. The conducted study pointed out that there are numerous supporting tools and measures applicable in organizational project management (OPM). The managers recommend combining various tools in one comprehensive OPM system, to limit multiple manual incorporations of the same data to the various databases. The managers call to increase the practical usefulness of researchers’ proposals, to educate the construction managers in the application of complex performance systems and to promote portfolio thinking.

Originality/value
The comparison of performance measurement solutions proposed by academia with experience collected from Polish construction managers could support the better application of theoretical ideas in practice.
Shade‐growing practices lessen the impact of coffee plantations on multiple dimensions of ant diversity
Authors: Ibarra‐Isassi Javier , Handa Ira Tanya , Arenas‐Clavijo Anderson , Escobar‐Ramírez Selene , Armbrecht Inge , Lessard Jean‐Philippe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Land use management influence changes in biodiversity beyond the targeted species. Management practices in coffee plantations have shifted from coffee growing below accompanying (shade) trees, to intensified monocultures in which coffee grows fully exposed to the sun. Anthropogenic disturbance causes changes in species composition relative to adjacent natural patches and reduces their biotic heterogeneity. Here, we assessed the impact of coffee plantation management practices on the taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional composition of ant communities, an ecologically dominant group and crucial biological pest controller in these agroecosystems. We hypothesized that shade‐grown coffee plantations would harbour ant communities similar to those of nearby forest patches, but dissimilar to those of intensified monocultures.

We surveyed ant diversity in eight shade‐grown coffee farms, eight intensive coffee monocultures and eight forest patches. We used a combination of active and passive sampling methods over two field campaigns spanning 6 months.

Our results support our hypothesis for all diversity dimensions. Additionally, ant communities in intensified monocultures were taxonomically and functionally, but not phylogenetically, more homogeneous than those found in forest patches and shade‐grown plantations.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings support the idea that practices in shade‐grown coffee plantations buffer the impoverishment of multiple diversity dimensions after forest conversion. Additionally, we identified that leaf‐litter depth and number of twigs mitigate ant diversity loss which, in turn, can favour the presence of potential biocontrol agents. By assessing and integrating multiple biodiversity dimensions into management strategies, farmers and interested parties can minimize future biodiversity and ecosystem service loss.
Impacts of multiple pollutants on pollinator activity in road verges
Authors: Phillips Benjamin B. , Bullock James M. , Gaston Kevin J. , Hudson‐Edwards Karen A. , Bamford Meg , Cruse Dave , Dicks Lynn V. , Falagan Carmen , Wallace Claire , Osborne Juliet L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

To tackle pollinator declines, there is a major need to increase the quantity of flower‐rich habitats. Road verges offer one such opportunity but are exposed to diverse forms of pollution from roads and road traffic.

We carried out a broad initial assessment to establish if and how pollution affects the quality of road verges as pollinator foraging environments. We assessed the spatial distribution of pollution, flowers and pollinators in road verges, then used field experiments to simulate and measure the impacts of four ubiquitous and little studied forms of road pollution (noise, turbulence, dust and metals) on pollinator densities and foraging behaviour.

We found that pollinators in road verges were exposed to noise, turbulence, dust and metal pollution, which decreased with distance from the road edge but, with the exception of turbulence, extended more than 8 m into road verges.

Pollinator densities were lower closer to the road edge—particularly within first 2 m (55% lower than at 7–9 m)—where pollution is greatest. This was despite a similar density and species richness of flowers.

Simulated turbulence deterred pollinators by causing intermittent disturbance (reducing visit duration by up to 54%), and some pollinator taxa preferentially avoided concentrations of metals that were more frequently found in flowers within 2 m of roads (resulting in up to 75% fewer visits), while noise and dust had no apparent effect.

Synthesis and applications. Pollinators in road verges are exposed to many forms of pollution, and we found impacts of roadside‐realistic levels of turbulence and metals on pollinator densities and foraging behaviour. Although the findings suggest that road verges are largely suitable for pollinator conservation, management enhancements should prioritise areas more than 2 m from the road edge, and verges along roads with relatively lower traffic densities.
Assistance provided in daily tasks and difficulty experienced by caregivers for people living with dementia
Authors: Amato Carmen , Burridge Gemma , Basic David , Huynh Danielle , Gibbons Emma , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Liu Karen P.Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is a growing body of research that addresses caregivers for people living with dementia. However, there is limited research looking at the perceptions of caregivers in specific daily tasks. To address this gap, this study investigated the assistance caregivers provided and the difficulty they faced when completing daily tasks for people with dementia and, additionally, how these experiences might relate to their perceived burden.MethodsSixty‐two caregivers for people living with dementia completed the study. Data were collected, through a survey, on the level of assistance caregivers provided, and the difficulties they experienced. The Zarit Burden Scale was used to measure the level of perceived burden. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to report the results and the relationship between the perceived burden, the level of assistance provided, and the difficulty experienced.ResultsThe activities of daily living that caregivers provided the most assistance for was dressing and showering. Most instrumental activities of daily living required maximal to total assistance. Overall, the caregivers did not experience a high level of difficulty with assisting with these daily tasks in comparison to the level of assistance provided. The caregiver burden was associated significantly with the difficulties experienced in dressing, toileting, and showering (rho = 0.30–0.75), most instrumental activities of daily living (rho = 0.29–0.47), but not with the level of assistance provided.ConclusionCaregivers are assisting in many daily tasks. Their level of difficulty is relatively low in comparison to the level of assistance they provide. Significant correlations were found between the difficulties experienced and the burden scale. There is a need for occupational therapists to address the specific daily tasks and the concerns experienced by caregivers and to provide them with adequate support to improve the quality of care for people with dementia.
Salvianolic acid A blocks vasculogenic mimicry formation in human non‐small cell lung cancer via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling
Authors: Jin Luming , Chen Chaoyang , Huang Lipeng , Bu Liang , Zhang Libin , Yang Qiuju 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVasculogenic mimicry (VM) is associated with aggressive cancer cells. Salvianolic acid A (Sal‐A), an antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent, has bioactive properties from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Current investigation aspired to explore the activity of Sal‐A in the VM formation of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanism underling this function. The CCK8, the scratch and boyden chemotaxis assay were presented to describe NSCLC cells viability, migration and invasion capabilities, respectively. The protein expression was verified by western blotting. In this report, Sal‐A caused a reduction in viability, metastasis and capillaries structure formation of NSCLC cells. Additionally, Sal‐A markedly prevented the key VM related proteins, containing EphA2, VE‐cadherin and MMP2. Besides, Sal‐A significantly diminished p‐PI3K, p‐Akt and p‐mTOR level in NSCLC cells. More importantly, SC79 pretreatment reversed Sal‐A inhibits NSCLC cells viability, metastasis and VM formation. These data exhibit that Sal‐A could block VM network formation in NSCLC cells through modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.