bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point to multi-point physical-layer key generation and distribution in passive optical networks
Authors: Zhang Liuming , Huang Xinran , Hu Weisheng , Yang Xuelin 
Published: June 2021

A point to multi-point physical-layer secure key generation and distribution (SKGD) scheme is proposed and demonstrated in passive optical networks (PONs), where the optical line terminal (OLT) broadcasts optical lights with fast fluctuating states of polarization (SOPs) to the optical network units (ONUs). The highly correlated key waveforms are shared between OLT and ONUs, and the high-level security of the SKGD scheme is guaranteed by the high sensitivity of SOP dynamics associated with the specific fiber links. As a proof of concept, a 3.9 Gb/s SKGD is achieved over 11 km single-mode fiber, where a Sagnac interferometer-based polarization scrambler is constructed as the high-speed random source. Moreover, the generated key sequences are verified to be error free and truly random. The proposed SKGD scheme offers a flexible solution for security enhancement in PONs, and is also compatible with the current PON infrastructure.
Association between NF-kB polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration in a high-altitude population
Authors: Xin Yan , Zefeng Kang , Ling Li , Ruijuan Guan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) gene polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a high-altitude population.MethodsFifty-five patients with AMD and 57 control subjects were recruited from the Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood sample of each participant. FourNF-kBpolymorphisms (rs3774959, rs3774932, rs3774937, and rs230526) were genotyped using a MassARRAY system. The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the case and control groups using the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThere was no significant difference in sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, blood lipid level or smoking and drinking status between the AMD and control groups (P> 0.05). The genotype distributions of fourNF-kBpolymorphisms were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group (P> 0.05). The frequencies of genotype AA of rs3774932 and genotype CC of rs3774937 were nominally significantly higher in the AMD group than in the control group (P= 0.046 and 0.023, respectively), although these associations did not survive the Bonferroni correction (correctedP> 0.05). Genotype distributions of rs3774959 and rs230526 were not significantly different between the two groups (P= 0.08 and 0.16, respectively). No significant difference in the allele frequencies of the four polymorphisms was found between the AMD and control groups (P> 0.05).ConclusionsGenotype AA of rs3774932 and genotype CC of rs3774937 inNF-kBmight be risk factors for AMD.
Associations between low body mass index and mortality in patients with sepsis: A retrospective analysis of a cohort study in Japan
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Kudo Daisuke , Kushimoto Shigeki , Hasegawa Masatsugu , Ito Fumihito , Yamanouchi Sathoshi , Honda Hiroyuki , Andoh Kohkichi , Furukawa Hajime , Yamada Yasuo , Tsujimoto Yuta , Okuyama Manabu , Kobayashi Masakazu 
Published: June 2021

Background
The distribution of body mass in populations of Western countries differs from that of populations of East Asian countries. In East Asian countries, fewer people have a high body mass index than those in Western countries. In Japan, the country with the highest number of older adults worldwide, many people have a low body mass index. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between a low body mass index and mortality in patients with sepsis in Japan.

Methods
We conducted this retrospective analysis of 548 patients with severe sepsis from a multicenter prospective observational study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the association between body mass index and 28-day mortality adjusted for age, sex, pre-existing conditions, the occurrence of septic shock, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Furthermore, the association between a low body mass index and 28-day mortality was analyzed.

Results
The low body mass index group represented 18.8% of the study population (103/548); the normal body mass index group, 57.3% (314/548); and the high body mass index group, 23.9% (131/548), with the 28-day mortality rates being 21.4% (22/103), 11.2% (35/314), and 14.5% (19/131), respectively. In the low body mass index group, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 28-day mortality relative to the non-low body mass index (normal and high body mass index groups combined) group were 2.0 (1.1–3.4) and 2.3 (1.2–4.2), respectively.

Conclusion
A low body mass index was found to be associated with a higher 28-day mortality than the non-low body mass index in patients with sepsis in Japan. Given that older adults often have a low body mass index, these patients should be monitored closely to reduce the occurrence of negative outcomes.
Transpedicular fixation of the spine with two-level navigation templates for narrow pedicles
Authors: Kosulin A. V. , Elyakin D. V. , Korchagina D. O. , Lukina N. A. , Shibutova Yu. I. , Kolesnikova E. S. 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To assess the correctness of transpedicular screw insertion in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae using two-level navigation templates for narrow pedicles.Material and Methods. Two-level navigation templates were used in surgical treatment of four patients aged 14–17 years with scoliotic deformity and multiple pedicles of small width (less than 4.35 mm). In each patient, the least favorable zones were selected for implantation using navigation templates. The rest of planned pedicle screws were inserted using free-hand technique. All patients underwent CT scanning postoperatively. Screws inserted to pedicles less than 4.35 mm in width were classified as correctly placed if they did not extend beyond the medial cortical layer by more than 2 mm.Results. Out of 68 pedicles planned for screw placement, 42 were narrower than 4.35 mm. In the pedicles difficult for implantation, 29 screws were inserted using navigation templates and 13 by free-hand technique. Screws classified as correctly placed were 28 from those inserted with navigation templates and 9 from those implanted by free-hand technique. Difference in results of screw placement in narrow pedicles with navigation templates and by free-hand technique was statistically significant (exact Fisher test, p < 0.05).Conclusion. Transpedicular screw placement with two-level navigation templates in narrow pedicles is more correct than insertion by free hand technique.
Bilateral osteoplastic decompression laminoplasty with simultaneous foraminotomy to treat multilevel cervical stenosis
Authors: Sufianov A. A. , Nabiev D. N. , Kalinin I. V. , Sufianov R. A. , Shapkin A. G. , Zaytsev M. K. , Cherkasov A. V. , Sagdiev R. H. 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To analyze surgical technique and possibilities of using bilateral laminoplasty technique with simultaneous foraminotomy for extended stenosis of the cervical spine.Material and Methods. The analysis included results of surgical treatment of 26 patients (18 males and 8 females, mean age 60.2 ± 1.3 years) operated on by the method of bilateral laminoplasty with simultaneous foraminotomy from January 2016 to April 2020. Pre- and postoperative clinical condition of patients was assessed, including using VAS, JOA and Nurick scales. An objective assessment of stenosis degree (linear dimensions, areas, volume of the stenotic spinal canal) was performed using standard measuring tools of the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software. To assess the statistical significance of the obtained results, nonparametric Wilcoxon-T and Mann – Whitney-U tests were used. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results. Upon admission to the hospital, all patients had specific neurological symptoms with varying degree of pain, myelopathic and radicular symptoms. According to neurovisualisation, the average number of involved in the process levels (stenotic) was 3.2 ± 0.1, (the average length of stenosis was 5.1 ± 0.2 cm). In the postoperative period, all patients showed positive dynamics in the form of a decrease in the severity of neurological disorders and pain (from 7.2 ± 0.1 to 5.07 ± 0.1 according to VAS, p < 0.001). The manifestations of myelopathy decreased according to Nurick scale from 2.08 ± 0.71 to 1.84 ± 0.10 points (p < 0.05). According to MRI data, the average area of the dural sac objectively increased from 1.25 ± 0.30 cm2 to 2.26 ± 0.27 cm2 (p < 0.001), and the volume of spinal canal in the area of stenosis increased from 7.2 ± 0.2 cm3 to 13.4 ± 0.1 cm3 (p < 0.001). Patients were mobilized on the 2nd day after surgery. The duration of inpatient treatment ranged from 4 to 17 days (on average, 7.1 ± 0.4 days). Intraoperative complications were not observed in the presented series. Mild postoperative complications were detected only in two out of 26 operated patients.Conclusion. Bilateral laminoplasty with simultaneous foraminotomy using titanium miniplates and osteoinductive material has a number of advantages and can be the surgery of choice in the treatment of patients with extended cervical stenosis complicated by myelopathy and radicular pain syndrome.
Regulatory framework and prospects for the implementation of the Electronic Prescription System in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zolotareva Natalia G. , Pokhvalenko Elisaveta V. 
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a study of legal regulation of medicines in accordance with the statement on January 1, 2019 of the Federal Project Creation of the Unified Digital Circuit of Health Care on the basis of the Unified State Health Information System. The project involves pharmacy organizations, which are going to issuance prescription drugs in the form of an electronic document. The development of the Unified State Health Information System will require a lot of organizational and methodological work both on the part of the regional health authorities and pharmacy organizations.
An analysis of the activities of pharmacy organizations in Saint Petersburg and the Northwestern Federal District that issuance prescription drugs made it possible to assess the level of preparedness to work in the new conditions. The developed measures necessary for pharmacies to work in the Electronic Prescription System cover infrastructural, functional and educational aspects and can be used as an appropriate action plan.
Hubungan antara Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien dan Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO) dengan Kepatuhan Pasien Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Pratama Antonius Nugraha Widhi , Aliong Amelya Prastica Rahayu , Sufianti Nili , Rachmawati Ema 
Published: June 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that mostly affects developing countries. In Indonesia, TB incidence increases every year due to patient inadherence to the standard DOTS therapy. The TB patients inadherence can be associated with poor knowledge among patients and treatment observers. This cross-sectional research aimed to explore the correlation between knowledge level of TB patients and their treatment observers and patient adherence. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 65 respondents from their primary health centers in Jember Regency, East Java. Knowledge of the respondents was evaluated using a 16 items questionnaire and patient adherence was assesed using the translated version of morisky medication adherence scale-8 (MMAS-8) questionnaire. The Spearman Rho correlation test resulted in p value of 0,043 between patients knowledge and patients adherence. Statistically significant correlation was also found between the knowledge of treatment observers and TB patients adherence (p= 0,015). These results suggested the needs to improve knowledge about TB not only for TB patients, but also their treatment observers.

Keywords: TB patient, treatment observer, knowledge, compliance
Uji in vitro Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Batang Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Shigella dysenteriae
Authors: Wulansari Yunita , Suswati Enny , Wahyudi Septa Surya 
Published: June 2021

Shigella dysenteriae is bacteria that caused diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. Resistance and toxicity has reported in some antibiotics therapy towards S. dysentriae. Therefore, alternative therapy based on herbal plants is needed. Chymbopogon citratus oil can be used as an antibacterial to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, all strains Staphlylococcus sp, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. This study aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of C. citratus oils on the growth of S. dysentriae and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). This type of research was a quasi experimental. Antibacterial activity test performed by diffusion method. Subjects in this study were S. dysentriae. C. citratus oil concentration used were 15 μl/ml, 20 μl/ml, 25 μl/ml, 30 μl/ml, 35 μl/ml and 40 μl/ml. Positive control group was given ciprofloxacin 5 μl/ml and a negative control group was given tween-80. Inhibition zone was observed at a concentration of 25 µl/ml (P3). The MIC of C. citratus oils againts S. dysentriae was at a concentration of 25 µl/ml. Kruskal Wallis analysis showed that p=0.000 and α=0.05, it was revealed that there were differences between antibacterial activity amoung tested group with different concentration.
Keywords: Shigella dysenteriae, Chymbopogon citratus oil, antibacterial
Hubungan Self Compassion dengan Stres Family Caregiver Orang Dengan Skizofrenia (ODS) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mumbulsari Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Juwarti Juwarti , Wuryaningsih Emi Wuri , A`la Muhammad Zulfatul 
Published: June 2021

Schizophenia is a mental illness shows psycological disorder, violent behavior, and inability self care. This has created a burden for family caregiver, financially, social, and psychological. The purpose of this study to identified the relationship between self compassion and stress of schizophrenis family caregiver in Puskesmas (PHC) Mumbulsari Jember. The study used correlation study with the cross sectional approach. The sampling was counted 35 family caregiver using total sampling. The instrument used self compassion scale (α=0,89) and stres in family (α=0,977). The result showed that the average self compassion of family caregiver was 71.31(26-104). While the average stress of family caregiver was 18,74 (0-28). Bivariate analysis using pearson test showed that there was no correlation between self compassion and stress of schizophenia family caregiver in Puskesmas (PHC) Mumbulsari Jember. There was no correlation between stress of schizophenia family caregiver and gender, age, education level, profession, relationship with schizophenia patient, and long tending of family caregiver. This has showed that family caregiver covered stress and showed a positive self acceptance. Actually, family caregiver showed that noncompliance of patient recovery, many of them was not accompanying schizophenia patient to public health, and neglecting schizophenia patient. Counseling and health promotion should be enhanced psychological health of family caregiver in treating schizophrenia patient in community through public health care serving.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, stress family caregiver, self compassion
Pengaruh Konseling terhadap Kepatuhan Suplementasi Tablet Besi (Fe) pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Pratama Antonius Nugraha Widhi , Puspasari Nanda , Christianty Fransiska Maria 
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Indonesia is relatively high. However, adherence to iron supplementation among pregnant women is relatively low, even though the supplementation is provided free of charge by the government. Counseling is expected to increase patient adherence. Therefore, the present research was to study the effect of counseling on adherence to iron supplementation among pregnant women. A number of 62 respondents from a primary health center in Lumajang Regency were recruited after they gave informed consent and equally allocated to control and treatment groups based on their area residence. The control group received routine antenatal service, while the treatment group received the additional counseling using a brochure. The average of adherence score, based on Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8), in the treatment group (5.9±1.9) was significantly different (p=0.027) from the control group (5.0±1.2). Counseling with brochure appeared to be effective to improve adherence to iron supplementation for pregnant women.
Keywords: adherence, iron suplementation, pregnancy, pharmacy counseling
Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries
Authors: Pulos Nicholas , Shaughnessy William J. , Spinner Robert J. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: June 2021

» The incidence of brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) in the United States is declining and now occurs in <1 per 1,000 births.» The gold standard for predicting the need for early intervention remains serial examination.» Early treatment of BPBI with reconstructive surgery requires the ability to perform both interposition nerve grafting and nerve transfers.» Given the heterogeneity of lesions, the evidence is largely limited to retrospective comparative studies and case series.
Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Sekeitto Allan Roy , van der Jagt Kaeriann , Sikhauli Nkhodiseni , Mokete Lipalo , Bowers Alban Gerard , van der Jagt Dick Ronald 
Published: June 2021

» Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare congenital disorder that affects connective tissue.» Modern medicine has mitigated the mortality that is associated with OI, allowing patients to live a near-normal life span.» The degenerative process in OI is probably accelerated because of subclinical intra-articular fractures, joint laxity, and distorted femoral and acetabular anatomy.» Total hip arthroplasty is seldom performed in patients with OI; it is technically difficult due to bone fragility, deformity, soft-tissue alteration, acetabular protrusion, the risk of intraoperative and postoperative fractures, and joint laxity.» This review highlights that patients with OI need hip arthroplasty procedures at an early age and that early revision surgery can be expected. New-generation uncemented implants may improve implant survivorship.
Perioperative Management of Antirheumatic Medications in Patients with RA and SLE Undergoing Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Saunders Noah E. , Holmes James R. , Walton David M. , Talusan Paul G. 
Published: June 2021

» Recent literature has shown that continued use rather than discontinuation of various antirheumatic agents throughout the perioperative period may present an opportunity to mitigate the risks of elective surgery.» For patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, perioperative management of medication weighs the risk of infection against the risk of disease flare when immunosuppressive medications are withheld.» Broadly speaking, current evidence, although limited in quality, supports perioperative continuation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, whereas biologic drugs should be withheld perioperatively, based on the dosing interval of the specific drug.» For any withheld biologic drug, it is generally safe to restart these medications approximately 2 weeks after surgery, once the wound shows evidence of healing, all sutures and staples have been removed, and there is no clinical evidence of infection. The focus of this recommendation applies to the optimization of wound-healing, not bone-healing.» In most cases, the usual daily dose of glucocorticoids is administered in the perioperative period rather than administering “stress-dose steroids” on the day of surgery.
Clinical Use of Talar Prostheses
Authors: Dimitrov Andrea S. , Westover Lindsey , Jomha Nadr M. 
Published: June 2021

» The blood supply to the talus is vulnerable to damage, making the talus susceptible to osteonecrosis, with limited treatment options.» Talar bone replacement has been investigated as a treatment option to preserve ankle function and maintain limb length.» Successful talar bone replacements have been performed for the past >35 years, with variations in design, methods of fixation, materials, and manufacturing techniques.» The designs of talar prostheses range from custom-made partial (talar body) or total prostheses to prefabricated universal (non-custom-made) prostheses.» Total talar prostheses have been demonstrated to function better than partial talar prostheses; however, there is a need for long-term studies regarding custom-made total talar prostheses and prefabricated universal talar prostheses in order to determine their long-term effectiveness.
Differentiation protocol for generating functional pancreatic β cells from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Liu Haisong , Li Ronghui , Liao Hsin-Kai , Belmonte Juan Carlos Izpisua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The efficient generation of pancreatic β cells from human pluripotent stem cells may allow us to study their biological characteristics and use them for the treatment of type I diabetes. The protocol we present in the study provides an efficient method for producing β cells using either human embryonic stem cells or human induced pluripotent stem cells as the starting material.
Developing a multi-functional sensor for cell traction force, matrix remodeling and biomechanical assays in self-assembled 3D tissues in vitro
Authors: Emon Bashar , Joy M Saddam H , Saif M Taher A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions, mediated by cellular force and matrix remodeling, result in a dynamic reciprocity that drives numerous biological processes and disease progression. Currently, there is no available method for direct quantification cell traction force and matrix remodeling in 3D matrices as a function of time. To address this long-standing need, we recently developed a high-resolution microfabricated sensor1 that measures cell force, tissue-stiffness and can apply mechanical stimulation to the tissue. Here the tissue self-assembles and self-integrates with the sensor. With primary fibroblasts, cancer cells and neurons, we demonstrated the feasibility of the sensor by measuring single/multiple cell force with a resolution of 1 nN, and tissue stiffness1 due to matrix remodeling by the cells. The sensor can be translated into a high-throughput system for clinical assays such as patient-specific drug and phenotypic screening. In this paper, we present the detailed protocol for manufacturing the sensors, preparing experimental setup, developing assays with different tissues, and for imaging and analyzing the data.