bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of target temperature on AlO emission of femtosecond laser-induced Al plasmas
Authors: QI Wei , WANG Qiuyun , SHAO Junfeng , CHEN Anmin , JIN Mingxing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The influence of the target temperature on the molecular emission of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was investigated experimentally. An Al target was ablated to produce laser-induced plasma. The Al target was uniformly heated to a maximum of 250 °C. The measured molecular emission was AlO (Δν = 0) from the femtosecond LIBS of the Al target. The measurements indicated that the molecular emission of AlO increased as the temperature of the Al target increased. In addition, a two-temperature model was used to simulate the evolution of the electron and lattice temperature of the Al target with different initial temperatures. The simulated results showed that the electron and lattice temperatures of Al irradiated by the femtosecond laser increased as the initial temperature of the Al target increased; also, the simulated ablated depth increased. Therefore, an increase in the initial Al target temperature resulted in an enhancement in the spectral signal of AlO from the femtosecond LIBS of Al, which was directly related to the increase in the size of the ablated crater. The study suggested that increasing the temperature of the target improves the intensity of molecular emission in femtosecond LIBS.
Fully printed, stretchable and wearable bioimpedance sensor on textiles for tomography
Authors: Jose Manoj , Lemmens Marijn , Bormans Seppe , Thoelen Ronald , Deferme Wim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive, real-time, continuous imaging technique that has multiple applications in health care. EIT is a realizable technique for radiation-free medical imaging ranging from real-time monitoring of bone fracture repair to lung functioning. This work explores the prospect of printing a wearable bioimpedance sensor on textiles for EIT imaging. Screen printing and stencil printing were applied to fabricate the sensor on the textile substrate and the imaging was carried out with the worn sensor on the human body. The first part of this work focuses on developing a flexible textile sensor in the form of a bracelet to obtain cross-sectional images of the forearm that unravel bone features like shape, size and position. However, body parts such as the thorax have added complexities due to their constantly varying perimeter and uneven shape. It is a significant prerequisite for the wearable sensors to apply to dynamic body parts where irregular shape and continuous volume variations occur. The second part of the paper therefore addresses the fabrication and testing of a stretchable textile-based sensor to address such instances of body dynamicity. The proposed stretchable sensor, worn on the thorax, demonstrates the feasibility of imaging such an uneven and dynamic body part. Although the EIT images are inherently attributed to low resolution, this work shows the prospect of wearable imaging applications in health monitoring. Apart from demonstrating the printed sensor for EIT imaging, this paper shows the image rendering quality dependency over the frequency of the signal and the number of electrodes. This work could initiate further research on wearable EIT based health monitoring devices for real-life scenarios.
In-plane vibration detection using sampling moiré method
Authors: Yadi Mona , Morimoto Yoshiharu , Ueki Masaki , Takaya Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Various methods have been proposed to measure vibration frequency. However, mechanical systems are not efficient as they have to be attached to the object of interest. So, the measurements are not precise when a new mass is introduced to the vibration surface. Besides, obtaining the power and phase distribution on the whole surface of the vibrating object is not possible through using accelerometers or other mechanical vibrometers. Out-of-plane vibration detection was previously proposed by one of the authors, using one pitch phase analysis method. In this paper, a novel accurate in-plane vibration detection technique by using sampling moiré method is proposed. This paper is the first published report on the in-plane vibration distribution of an industrial scale size object. Since noncontact deformation distribution of a deformed body is possible using sampling moiré method, in this study sampling moiré method is applied to vibration analysis of a tuning fork using a high-speed camera. This paper shortly describes the principle of in-plane vibration detection method and compares the experimental in-plane frequency results with those obtained by an accurate laser displacement meter. Moreover, for the first time, power and phase distribution graphs of the whole surface of the tuning fork, in two different frequency modes, are obtained. This technology will be useful for vibration investigation in any movable object on an industrial scale.
Theoretical investigation of quantum capacitance in the functionalized MoS2-monolayer
Authors: T Sruthi , Devaraj Nayana , Tarafder Kartick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigated the electronic structure and the quantum capacitance of a set of functionalized MoS2 monolayers. The functionalizations have been done by using different ad-atom adsorption on MoS
2 monolayer. Density functional theory calculations are performed to obtain an accurate electronic structure of ad-atom doped MoS2 monolayer with a varying degree of doping concentration. Subsequently, the quantum capacitance in each functionalized system was estimated. A marked quantum capacitance above 200 μF cm−2 has been observed. Our calculations show that the quantum capacitance of MoS2 monolayer is significantly enhanced with substitutional doping of Mo with transition metal ad-atoms. The microscopic origin of such enhancement in quantum capacitance in this system has been analyzed. Our DFT-based calculation reveals that the generation of new electronic states at the proximity of the band-edge and the shift of Fermi level caused by the ad-atom adsorption results in a very high quantum capacitance in the system.
Explorations on the electronic structure and spectroscopic IR assignments of 5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-9(3H)-one molecule
Authors: Kumar Dilip , Kushwaha Vijay , Yadava Umesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present work, theoretical investigations on a quinazoline derivate, 5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-9(3H)-one, have been carried out through quantum mechanical density functional B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method to explore its electronic structure and vibrational features. The normal modes analysis was executed to predict the contributions of different vibrational modes at the required frequencies in the infrared region and the spectral peaks have been assigned accordingly. Besides, certain electronic properties that are associated with chemical reactivity like, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential, Mulliken partial charges, etc have been estimated and discussed herein. It has been established that the molecule is chemically reactive and may be used in designing drugs as COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor.
The product formula for regularized Fredholm determinants
Authors: Britz Thomas , Carey Alan , Gesztesy Fritz , Nichols Roger , Sukochev Fedor , Zanin Dmitriy 
Published: February 2021

For trace class operators

A
,
B
∈

B

1

(

H

)

A, B \in \mathcal {B}_1(\mathcal {H})

(

H

\mathcal {H}

a complex, separable Hilbert space), the product formula for Fredholm determinants holds in the familiar form
\[

det

H

(
(

I

H

−
A
)
(

I

H

−
B
)
)
=

det

H

(

I

H

−
A
)

det

H

(

I

H

−
B
)
.

{\det }_{\mathcal {H}} ((I_{\mathcal {H}} - A) (I_{\mathcal {H}} - B)) = {\det }_{\mathcal {H}} (I_{\mathcal {H}} - A) {\det }_{\mathcal {H}} (I_{\mathcal {H}} - B).

\]
When trace class operators are replaced by Hilbert–Schmidt operators

A
,
B
∈

B

2

(

H

)

A, B \in \mathcal {B}_2(\mathcal {H})

and the Fredholm determinant

det

H

(

I

H

−
A
)

{\det }_{\mathcal {H}}(I_{\mathcal {H}} - A)

,

A
∈

B

1

(

H

)

A \in \mathcal {B}_1(\mathcal {H})

, by the 2nd regularized Fredholm determinant

det

H

,
2

(

I

H

−
A
)
=

det

H

(
(

I

H

−
A
)
exp
⁡
(
A
)
)

{\det }_{\mathcal {H},2}(I_{\mathcal {H}} - A) = {\det }_{\mathcal {H}} ((I_{\mathcal {H}} - A) \exp (A))

,

A
∈

B

2

(

H

)

A \in \mathcal {B}_2(\mathcal {H})

, the product formula must be replaced by

det

H

,
2

(
(

I

H

−
A
)
(

I

H

−
B
)
)

a
m
p
;
=

det

H

,
2

(

I

H

−
A
)

det

H

,
2

(

I

H

−
B
)

a
m
p
;

×
exp
⁡
(
−

tr

H

⁡
(
A
B
)
)
.

\begin{align*} {\det }_{\mathcal {H},2} ((I_{\mathcal {H}} - A) (I_{\mathcal {H}} - B)) &= {\det }_{\mathcal {H},2} (I_{\mathcal {H}} - A) {\det }_{\mathcal {H},2} (I_{\mathcal {H}} - B) \\ & \quad \times \exp (- \operatorname {tr}_{\mathcal {H}}(AB)). \end{align*}

The product formula for the case of higher regularized Fredholm determinants

det

H

,
k

(

I

H

−
A
)

{\det }_{\mathcal {H},k}(I_{\mathcal {H}} - A)

,

A
∈

B

k

(

H

)

A \in \mathcal {B}_k(\mathcal {H})

,

k
∈

N

k \in \mathbb {N}

,

k
⩾
2

k \geqslant 2

, does not seem to be easily accessible and hence this note aims at filling this gap in the literature.
Impact of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele on the Relationship Between Healthy Lifestyle and Cognitive Decline: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Dhana Klodian , Aggarwal Neelum T , Rajan Kumar B , Barnes Lisa L , Evans Denis A , Morris Martha C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle—characterized by abstaining from smoking, being physically and cognitively active, having a high-quality diet, and limiting alcohol use—is associated with slower cognitive decline in older adults, but whether this relationship extends to persons with a genetic predisposition (e.g., carriers of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE*E4)) remains uncertain. Using data from a population-based study, the Chicago Health and Aging Project (Chicago, Illinois), we followed 3,886 individuals who underwent regular clinical and cognitive assessments from 1993 to 2012. Of 3,886 older adults, 1,269 (32.7%) were APOE*E4 carriers. Compared with noncarriers, APOE*E4 carriers had faster cognitive decline (β = −0.027 units/year, 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.032, −0.023). In contrast, persons with 2–3 and 4–5 healthy lifestyle factors had slower cognitive decline (β = 0.008 units/year (95% CI: 0.002, 0.014) and β = 0.019 units/year (95% CI: 0.011, 0.026), respectively) compared with those with 0–1 factor. In analyses stratified by APOE*E4 status, adherence to a healthy lifestyle (e.g., 4–5 factors vs. 0–1 factors) was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in both APOE*E4 carriers (β = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.013, 0.045) and noncarriers (β = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.022). These results underscore the impact of a healthy lifestyle on cognition, particularly among persons with a genetic predisposition, who are more vulnerable to cognitive decline as they age.
Impartiality and independence: fundamental and fluid
Authors: van Haersolte-van Hof Jacomijn J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, the author discusses the paradox between the fundamentality of arbitrator impartiality and independence and the fluidity of the applicable norms. These norms differ over time and place, and vary depending on the type of arbitration, the stage of the proceedings and the applicable rules and laws. While standards applicable to judges have some relevance for this discussion, they cannot be equated with the standards for arbitrators. The recent English Supreme Court decision in Halliburton v Chubb is used to illustrate various aspects of the discussion.
Particulate Debris Released From Breast Implant Surfaces Is Highly Dependent on Implant Type
Authors: Hallab Nadim James , Samelko Lauryn , Hammond Dennis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Although breast implants (BIs) have never been safer, factors such as implant debris may influence complications such as chronic inflammation and illness such as ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma). Do different types of BIs produce differential particulate debris?

Objectives
The aim of this study was to quantify, investigate, and characterize the size, amount, and material type of both loosely bound and adherent surface particles on 5 different surface types of commercial BIs.

Methods
Surface particles from BIs of 5 surface types (n = 5/group), Biocell, Microcell, Siltex, Smooth, SmoothSilk, and Traditional-Smooth, were: (1) removed by a rinsing procedure and (2) removed with ultrapure adhesive carbon tabs. Particles were characterized (ASTM 1877-16) by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray chemical analysis.

Results
Particles rinsed from Biocell, Microcell and Siltex were &lt;1 μm in diameter whereas SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth surfaces had median sizes &gt;1 μm (range, 0.4-2.7 μm). The total mass of particles rinsed from the surfaces indicated Biocell had &gt;5-fold more particulate compared with all other implants, and &gt;30-fold more than SmoothSilk or Traditional-Smooth implants (&gt;100-fold more for post-rinse adhesion analysis). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that the particulate material for Biocell, Microcell, and Siltex was silicone (&gt;50%), whereas particulates from SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth implants were predominantly carbon-based polymers, eg, polycarbonate-urethane, consistent with packaging (and were detected on all implant types). Generally, SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth implant groups released &gt;10-fold fewer particles than Biocell, Microcell, and Siltex surfaces. Pilot ex vivo tissue analysis supported these findings.

Conclusions
Particulate debris released from BIs are highly dependent on the type of implant surface and are a likely key determinant of in vivo performance.

Level of Evidence: 5
Geographical disjunction and environmental conditions drive intraspecific differentiation in the chalk-hill blue butterfly
Authors: Štefánik Martin , Habel Jan Christian , Schmitt Thomas , Eberle Jonas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDrivers of evolution are often related to geographical isolation and/or diverging environmental conditions. Spatial variation in neutral genetic markers mostly reflects past geographical isolation, i.e. long-lasting allopatry, whereas morphology is often driven by local environmental conditions, resulting in more rapid evolution. In Europe, most thermophilic species persisted during the past glacial periods in geographically disjunct refugia, representing long-lasting isolates, frequently with diverging environmental conditions. This situation has driven the evolution of intraspecific signatures in species. Here, we analysed wing shape and wing pigmentation of the chalk-hill blue butterfly, Polyommatus coridon, across its entire distribution range restricted to the western Palaearctic. In addition, we compiled abiotic environmental parameters for each sampling site. Wing colour patterns differentiated a western and an eastern lineage. These lineages might represent two main Pleistocene refugia and differentiation centres, one located on the Italian Peninsula and the other in the Balkan region. The two lineages showed evidence of hybridization across Central Europe, from the Alps and across Germany. The intraspecific differentiation was strongest in the width of the brown band on the outer margin of the wings. The morphological structures obtained are in line with genetic signatures found in previous studies, but the latter are more fine-grained. Current environmental conditions, such as mean temperatures, were only marginally correlated with colour patterns. Our study underlines that Pleistocene range shifts, often resulting in allopatric isolation, shape intraspecific phenotypic structures within species; that pigmentation responds in a more sensitive manner to spatial disjunction than wing shape; and that morphometric and genetic structures in P. coridon provide concordant patterns and thus support identical biogeographical conclusions.
Supervised exercise after oesophageal cancer surgery: the PERFECT multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: van Vulpen J K , Hiensch A E , van Hillegersberg R , Ruurda J P , Backx F J G , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P , Kouwenhoven E A , Groenendijk R P R , van der Peet D L , Hazebroek E J , Rosman C , Wijnhoven B P L , van Berge Henegouwen M I , van Laarhoven H W M , Siersema P D , May A M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
This study investigated whether a supervised exercise programme improves quality of life (QoL), fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients in the first year after oesophagectomy.

Methods
The multicentre PERFECT trial randomly assigned patients to an exercise intervention (EX) or usual care (UC) group. EX patients participated in a 12-week moderate- to high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise programme supervised by a physiotherapist. Primary (global QoL, QoL summary score) and secondary (QoL subscales, fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness) outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks and analysed as between-group differences using either linear mixed effects models or ANCOVA.

Results
A total of 120 patients (mean(s.d.) age 64(8) years) were included and randomized to EX (61 patients) or UC (59 patients). Patients in the EX group participated in 96 per cent (i.q.r. 92–100 per cent) of the exercise sessions and the relative exercise dose intensity was high (92 per cent). At 12 weeks, beneficial EX effects were found for QoL summary score (3.5, 95 per cent c.i. 0.2 to 6.8) and QoL role functioning (9.4, 95 per cent c.i. 1.3 to 17.5). Global QoL was not statistically significant different between groups (3.0, 95 per cent c.i. –2.2 to 8.2). Physical fatigue was lower in the EX group (–1.2, 95 per cent c.i. –2.6 to 0.1), albeit not significantly. There was statistically significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness following EX compared with UC (peak oxygen uptake (1.8 ml/min/kg, 95 per cent c.i. 0.6 to 3.0)). After 24 weeks, all EX effects were attenuated.

Conclusions
A supervised exercise programme improved cardiorespiratory fitness and aspects of QoL.

Trial registration
Dutch Trial Register NTR 5045 (www.trialregister.nl/trial/4942).
Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Haider Lukas , Prados Ferran , Chung Karen , Goodkin Olivia , Kanber Baris , Sudre Carole , Yiannakas Marios , Samson Rebecca S , Mangesius Stephanie , Thompson Alan J , Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia A M , Ciccarelli Olga , Chard Declan T , Barkhof Frederik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many studies report an overlap of MRI and clinical findings between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), which in part is reflective of inclusion of subjects with variable disease duration and short periods of follow-up. To overcome these limitations, we examined the differences between RRMS and SPMS and the relationship between MRI measures and clinical outcomes 30 years after first presentation with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Sixty-three patients were studied 30 years after their initial presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome; only 14% received a disease modifying treatment at any time point. Twenty-seven patients developed RRMS, 15 SPMS and 21 experienced no further neurological events; these groups were comparable in terms of age and disease duration. Clinical assessment included the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9-Hole Peg Test and Timed 25-Foot Walk and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment For Multiple Sclerosis. All subjects underwent a comprehensive MRI protocol at 3 T measuring brain white and grey matter (lesions, volumes and magnetization transfer ratio) and cervical cord involvement. Linear regression models were used to estimate age- and gender-adjusted group differences between clinical phenotypes after 30 years, and stepwise selection to determine associations between a large sets of MRI predictor variables and physical and cognitive outcome measures. At the 30-year follow-up, the greatest differences in MRI measures between SPMS and RRMS were the number of cortical lesions, which were higher in SPMS (the presence of cortical lesions had 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity), and grey matter volume, which was lower in SPMS. Across all subjects, cortical lesions, grey matter volume and cervical cord volume explained 60% of the variance of the Expanded Disability Status Scale; cortical lesions alone explained 43%. Grey matter volume, cortical lesions and gender explained 43% of the variance of Timed 25-Foot Walk. Reduced cortical magnetization transfer ratios emerged as the only significant explanatory variable for the symbol digit modality test and explained 52% of its variance. Cortical involvement, both in terms of lesions and atrophy, appears to be the main correlate of progressive disease and disability in a cohort of individuals with very long follow-up and homogeneous disease duration, indicating that this should be the target of therapeutic interventions.