bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposotypes in Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Yassin Walid , Kromenacker Bryan , Green James B , Tamminga Carol A , del Re Elisabetta C. , Seif Pegah , Xia Cuihua , Alliey-Rodriguez Ney , Gershon Elliot S , Clementz Brett A , Pearlson Godfrey D , Keedy Sarah S , Ivleva Elena I , Hill Scott Kristian , McDowell Jennifer E , Keshavan Matcheri S 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPsychiatry lags in adopting etiological approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and outcome prediction compared to the rest of medicine. Etiological factors such as childhood trauma (CHT), substance use (SU), and socioeconomic status (SES) significantly affect psychotic disorder symptoms. This study applied an agnostic clustering approach to identify exposome clusters “Exposotypes (ETs)” and examine their relationship with clinical, cognitive, and functional outcomes. Using data from individuals with psychotic disorders (n=1,350), and controls (n=623), we assessed the relationship between the exposotypes and outcomes. Four exposotypes were identified: ET1 characterized by high CHT and SU; ET2, high CHT; ET3, high SU; ET4, low exposure. Compared to ET4, ET1 demonstrated higher positive and general symptoms, anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and mania; ET2 had higher anxiety, depression, and impulsivity; ET3 had better cognitive and functional outcomes with lower negative symptoms. Intracranial volume was largest in ET3, and smallest in ET2. No group differences in schizophrenia polygenic risk scores were found. The age of onset was 5 years earlier in ET1 than in ET4. These findings provide insight into the complex etiological interplay between trauma, and SU, as well as their unique effects on clinical symptoms, cognition, neurobiology, genetic risk, and functioning.
Hydrogen Sulfide modulates Flagellin-Induced Stomatal Immunity
Authors: Scuffi Denise , Pantaleno Rosario , Schiel Paula , Niemeier Jan-Ole , Costa Alex , Schwarzländer Markus , Laxalt Ana M. , García-Mata Carlos 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTStomata are natural pores through which plants exchange gases with the environment, mainly carbon dioxide and oxygen required for photosynthesis and respiration, as well as water vapor through evapotranspiration. However, they also serve as entry points for microbial pathogens such asPseudomonas syringaepv. tomato(Pst) bacteria. To prevent microbe invasion, guard cells detect pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including the bacterial peptide flagellin (flg22), triggering stomatal closure. This study identifies hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its cytosolic source L-CYSTEINE DESULFHIDRASE 1 (DES1), as key players in stomatal immunity. We demonstrate that H2S and DES1 are involved in flg22- and bacterial-induced responses, including stomatal closure and modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We have found that knock out mutants inDES1gene exhibits reduced susceptibility toPstspray-inoculation and lower apoplastic and cytosolic H2O2levels in response to flg22. Additionally, H2S independently induces cytosolic H2O2levels in guard cells without requiring RBOHD activity. All together, these findings establish H2S and its source, DES1, as critical components of the stomatal immune response.One Sentence SummaryH2S and DES1 actively participate in flg22-induced stomatal closure modulating apoplastic and cytosolic ROS production.
Harnessing the immune system to treat bone loss: The immunomodulatory and osteoprotective effects of the microalgaSkeletonema costatum
Authors: Carletti Alessio , Pes Katia , Tarasco Marco , Rosa Joana T. , Poudel Sunil , Pereira Hugo , Louro Bruno , Cancela M. Leonor , Laizé Vincent , Gavaia Paulo J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe emerging field of osteoimmunology provides compelling evidence for the pivotal role of the immune system in the development of bone erosive pathologies such as osteoporosis. However, no immunomodulatory drug has yet been integrated into the therapeutic management of bone loss. Recently, driven by the demand for next-generation treatments for these conditions, natural compounds are gaining renewed attention as promising candidates for drug discovery.In this study, we explored the anti-osteoclastogenic effects of an emerging extract from the marine microalgaSkeletonema costatum. Using a zebrafish model of bone regeneration, we demonstrated the extract’s ability to inhibit the recruitment of osteoclast progenitors and block their differentiation into mature osteoclastsin vivo. Bulk RNA sequencing of early-stage fin blastemas revealed the downregulation of genes involved in inflammation, T-cell activation, and antigen presentation, suggesting that the extract exerts its effects primarily through immunomodulatory mechanisms. To further assess its therapeutic potential, we tested the extract in a medaka model of RANKL-induced osteoporosis and on a murine macrophage cell line. The extract effectively prevented bone loss in fish and inhibited osteoclastic differentiation in murine macrophagesin vitro.Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights into a novel, therapeutically relevant natural extract, offering proof of concept for its osteoprotective potential through immune system modulation.SignificanceRecent findings in the field of osteoimmunology reveal the potential of targeting immune cells to regulate bone homeostasis. However, this approach has yet to be applied to therapies for bone erosive conditions. This study explores the potential of an immunomodulatory strategy using an emerging natural extract, which prevent osteoclast differentiation by modulating inflammation, T-cell activation, and macrophage fate determination in zebrafish and medaka models of bone regeneration and osteoporosis. The extract also inhibits osteoclastic differentiation in a murine macrophage line, suggesting its translatability to mammalian systems. By focusing on immune pathways, this research provides a proof of concept for developing immunomodulatory treatments for osteoporosis and similar conditions, addressing a critical need in bone health management.
Genomic Insights into the Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Zoonotic Potential ofCampylobacter fetusAcross Diverse Hosts and Geographies
Authors: Paintsil Ellis Kobina , Adu-Asiamah Cynthia Kyerewaa , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Kwarteng Alexander , Berg Stefan , Obiri-Danso Kwasi , May Jürgen , Dekker Denise , Ofori Linda Aurelia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundCampylobacter fetuscauses reproductive diseases in livestock and zoonotic infections in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Despite its significance, its genomic characteristics are poorly understood. This study analyzed 114 publicly availableC. fetusgenomes to provide global insights into its genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and zoonotic risk.ResultsA total of 32 distinct sequence types (STs), ranging from ST-1 to ST-74, were identified across 111 of the 114C. fetusgenomes, spanning six continents and diverse hosts (cattle, humans, sheep, and reptiles). ST-4 was the most prevalent (n = 45), followed by ST-3 (n = 8). A significant proportion (90.9%; n/N=40/44) ofC. fetussubsp.venerealis(Cfv) and its biovar intermedius (Cfvi) were assigned to ST-4. Despite being isolated from five continents, Cfv and Cfvi genomes clustered closely, forming distinct branches at the biovar level; however, six Cfv genomes were located within Cfvi clades, suggesting a shared evolutionary lineage. In contrast,C. fetussubsp.testudinum(Cft) genomes, exhibiting 20 distinct STs, formed distinct clades from Cfv, Cfvi, andC. fetussubsp.fetus(Cff). While Cfv genomes from North America and Cfvi genomes from South America formed distinct geographic clusters, Cff genomes displayed no clear geographical patterns, with branches containing strains from multiple continents, indicating a globally dispersed distribution. Pangenomic analysis revealed pronounced clustering within Cft, characterized by unique gene presence/absence patterns. Five distinct AMR genes were detected, withtet(O)(n = 3) being the most common. Horizontal gene transfer analysis identified 140 genomic islands across 41 genomes, and virulence factor analysis revealedcheYas the sole conserved virulence gene across 35 genomes.ConclusionThese findings provide critical insights into the genomic diversity, zoonotic potential, and global distribution ofC. fetus, emphasizing the need for integrated genomic and epidemiological strategies to assess its impact on human and animal health.
Behavioural separation of face memory and face perception
Authors: Kadlec Jan , Walsh Catherine R. , Wilf Meytal , Rissman Jesse , Ramot Michal 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA long-standing debate in neuropsychology concerns whether perception and memory function as independent systems or interact to support cognition. To investigate this, we developed the Face Memory and Perception (FMP) task, a novel paradigm designed to systematically disentangle whether and how these processes interact under different conditions. Across four independent datasets with over 800 participants in total, we observed consistent evidence that face perception and working memory operate independently when task demands are low, but in more complex conditions, these processes appear to interact. Notably, this interaction emerged only when the interference directly involved face-processing mechanisms, and did not arise from a general increase in cognitive load. Rather than the use of shared resources by overlapping cognitive processes, this interaction was driven by a shift in behavioural strategy from holistic to feature-based face processing as a result of maintenance-disrupting interference. These results underscore the fundamental independence of perception and working memory while also explaining some of the conditions under which interactions might be observed.
Explainable machine learning for health disparities: type 2 diabetes in theAll of Usresearch program
Authors: Kambara Manoj S. , Chukka Onyinye , Choi Kathryn J. , Tsenum Joseph , Gupta Sonali , English Nolan J. , Jordan I. King , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality and a disproportionate impact on minority groups. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to characterize T2D risk factors; however, it has not been used to study T2D health disparities. Our objective was to use explainable ML methods to discover and characterize T2D health disparity risk factors. We applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a new class of explainable ML methods that provide interpretability to ML classifiers, to this end. ML classifiers were used to model T2D risk within and between self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) groups, and SHAP values were calculated to quantify the effect of T2D risk factors. We then stratified SHAP values by SIRE to quantify the effect of T2D risk factors on prevalence differences between groups. We found that ML classifiers (random forest, lightGBM, and XGBoost) accurately modeled T2D risk and recaptured the observed prevalence differences between SIRE groups. SHAP analysis showed the top seven most important T2D risk factors for all SIRE groups were the same, with the order of importance for features differing between groups. SHAP values stratified by SIRE showed that income, waist circumference, and education best explain the higher prevalence of T2D in the Black or African American group, compared to the White group, whereas income, education and triglycerides best explain the higher prevalence of T2D in the Hispanic or Latino group. This study demonstrates that explainable ML can be used to elucidate health disparity risk factors and quantify their group-specific effects.Author SummaryWhile machine learning (ML) methods hold great promise for epidemiological studies, their practical utility is limited by interpretability. Increasingly complex ML models are great at predicting disease risk, but how they arrive at a given prediction is often obscured by model complexity. Explainable ML is an emerging discipline that seeks to render ML models more transparent by elucidating how and why input features contribute to output predictions. This study reports a novel application of explainable ML to epidemiology, focusing on type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a paradigm of health disparities. We found that ML classifiers were able to accurately model T2D disparities, for a large cohort of Black, Hispanic, and White Americans, and explainable ML revealed which risk factors contributed to the observed disparities and how. The results demonstrate that explainable ML can be a powerful tool for the discovery and characterization of health disparity risk factors.
Microglia regulate neuronal activity via structural remodeling of astrocytes
Authors: Gu Ning , Makashova Olena , Laporte Celeste , Chen Chris Q. , Li Banruo , Chevillard Pierre-Marie , Lean Graham , Yang Jieyi , Wong Calvin , Fan Jonathan , Sharif Behrang , Saud Susana Puche , Hubacek Misha , Choe Katrina Y. , Khoutorsky Arkady , Bourque Charles W. , Prager-Khoutorsky Masha 
Published: February 2025

SummaryNeuron-glia interactions play a central role in regulating synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Structural plasticity of astrocytes is associated with numerous physiological and pathological conditions, however, the mechanism underlying this process remains unknown. To examine the basis for structural astrocyte plasticity, we used the classic example of the loss of astrocytic processes that takes place in the hypothalamic magnocellular system during chronic high-salt intake. We discovered that a high-salt diet triggers a local accumulation of reactive microglia around vasopressin-secreting neurons, but not in other brain areas. Microglia phagocytose astrocytic processes, reducing astrocytic coverage of vasopressin neurons. The pruning of astrocytic processes impairs synaptic glutamate clearance, enabling activation of extrasynaptic glutamate NMDA receptors and increasing the activity of vasopressin neurons. Inhibiting microglia-mediated astrocyte pruning attenuates the increased neuronal activity and vasopressin-dependent hypertensive phenotype of rats fed high-salt diet. Thus, microglia orchestrate neuron-glia interactions and regulate neuronal activity through astrocyte pruning.
Glutamate and early functional NMDA Receptors promote axonal elongation modulating both actin cytoskeleton dynamics and H2O2production dependent on Rac1 activity
Authors: Muñoz-Palma Ernesto , Wilson Carlos , Hidalgo Cecilia , González-Billault Christian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNMDA Receptors (NMDARs) have essential functions in the nervous system, including neuronal maturation, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Following membrane depolarization and glutamate activation, NMDARs mediate Ca2+influx into neurons, activating Ca2+signaling cascades with key roles in neuronal function. However, no studies have been reported on the roles of glutamate and NMDARs during early neuronal development. Although NMDARs classically act at the postsynaptic membrane, the present results indicate that neurons express functional NMDARs during polarity acquisition and localize them in the axonal compartment early in development; at this stage, cultured neurons spontaneously release glutamate. In addition, pharmacological and genetic experiments for NMDARs loss- and gain-of-function modulated neuronal polarization and axonal elongation antagonistically. An intracellular mechanism involving Ca2+release from the endoplasmic reticulum, activation of the Rho GTPase Rac1, and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements at the axonal growth cone couples these morphological changes. Moreover, NMDAR activity regulates the physiological intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a Rac1/NADPH oxidase complex to support neuronal development. Optogenetic Rac1 activation simultaneously promoted lamellipodia formation and H2O2production suggesting functional coupling between these seemingly unconnected events. The mechanism presented here involves a dual function for the Rac1 protein that depends on glutamate and NMDAR activity. Based on these findings, we suggest that early physiological and spontaneous glutamate release activates NMDARs to promote early neuronal development before synapse formation, indicating that glutamate is necessary for neurotransmission, early neuronal development, and axonal growth.
Convergent and selective representations of pain, appetitive processes, aversive processes, and cognitive control in the insula
Authors: Kwon Mijin , Bo Ke , Botvinik-Nezer Rotem , Kragel Philip A. , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Wager Tor D. ,   The Affective Neuroimaging Consortium
Published: February 2025

AbstractRegions that respond to multiple types of information (“convergence zones”) are crucial for the brain to generate coherent experiences and behaviors. The insular cortex, known for its functional diversity, has been hypothesized to be a key convergence hub, yet empirical evidence identifying how and where convergence occurs is incomplete. To address this gap, we analyzed functional convergence across four key task domains—somatic pain, non-somatic appetitive processes, aversive processes, and cognitive control—in a large-scale Bayesian mega-analysis of fMRI data (N=540, systematically sampled from 36 studies). Bayes Factor analyses identified both convergent zones responding to multiple domains and selective zones responding to single domains. Results revealed a hierarchical convergence architecture, with a multi-domain convergence zone in bilateral dorsal anterior insula surrounded by zones showing progressively increasing convergence. Functional decoding and coactivation analyses further support the insula’s role as a convergence hub, while cytoarchitectonic and neurotransmitter profiling characterizes the potential neuroanatomical underpinnings subserving convergent and domain-selective function. Overall, our results demonstrate a structured functional topography in the insula that bridges specialized and convergent processing, providing a potential neural basis for how diverse information streams combine into unified subjective experiences.
The architecture, assembly, and evolution of a complex flagellar motor
Authors: Feng Xueyin , Tachiyama Shoichi , He Jing , Zhu Siqi , Zhao Hang , Botting Jack M. , Liu Yanran , Chen Yuanyuan , Hua Canfeng , Lara-Tejero María , Baker Matthew A. B. , Gao Xiang , Liu Jun , Gao Beile 
Published: February 2025

SummaryBacterial flagella drive motility in many species, likely including the last bacterial common ancestor1,2. Knowledge of flagellar assembly and function has mainly come from studies ofEscherichia coliandSalmonella enterica, which have simple flagellar motors3–7. However, most flagellated bacteria possess complex motors with unique, species-specific adaptations whose mechanisms and evolution remain largely unexplored8–10. Here, we deploy a multidisciplinary approach to build a near-complete model of the flagellar motor inCampylobacter jejuni, revealing its remarkable complexity in architecture and composition. We identify an E-ring around the MS-ring, a periplasmic cage with two distinctive conformations, and an intricate interaction network between the E-ring and cage. These scaffolds play critical roles in stabilizing and regulating 17 torque-generating stator complexes for optimal motility. In-depth evolutionary analyses uncover the ancient origin and prevalence of the E-ring in flagellated species of the domainBacteriaas well as a unique exaptation of type IV pili components PilMNOPQF in the ancestral motor of the phylumCampylobacterota. Collectively, our studies reveal novel mechanisms of assembly and function in complex flagellar motors and shed light on the evolution of flagella and modern bacterial species.
How social network structure impacts the ability of zealots to promote weak opinions
Authors: Tunstall Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Social networks are often permeated by agents who promote their opinions without allowing for their own mind to be changed. Understanding how these so-called "zealots" act to increase the prevalence of their promoted opinion over the network is important for understanding opinion dynamics. In this work, we consider these promoted opinions to be "weak" and therefore less likely to be accepted relative to the default opinion in the network. We show how the proportion of zealots in the network, the relative strength of the weak opinion, and the structure of the network impact the long-term proportion of those in the network who subscribe to the weak opinion.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Investigation on the factors influencing the continuation intention to use digital wallet in the rural parts of India using extended UTAUT2
Authors: Lakshmanan Kiruthikasri , Shanmugavel Nagarajan 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study aims to identify the significant factors that influence the continuation intention (CI) to use a digital wallet in the regions with low technology infrastructure and among the consumers possessing low levels of digital and financial literacy.Design/methodology/approachData for the study were collected from the rural parts of South India with 295 digital wallet users. Co-variance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) (CB-SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation method and Bayesian SEM (BSEM) approaches were executed to test the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable and to ensure the validation of the proposed hypothetical model.FindingsThe results showed that trust, incentives, technology satisfaction (TS), facilitating condition, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, habit and hedonic motivation significantly influenced the CI to use a digital wallet. In addition, incentives positively impact habit for the CI to use a digital wallet.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study is based on the samples from the regions with low technology infrastructure and among the consumers possessing low levels of digital and financial literacy in the rural parts of South India, which limits the generalisation of results.Practical implicationsThe results provide impetus to the government, digital wallet marketers and users regarding how the CI to use a digital wallet can be encouraged among the low-adoption regions.Originality/valueThis study remains unique as the assessment of CI to use a digital wallet was conducted in low-adoption regions (rural parts of India) in extending Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 with TS. A comparison of results arrived from CB-SEM with those of the BSEM ensures that the validation of the hypothetical model is found to be another major methodological contribution towards the consumer behaviour literature.