bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A late Paleoproterozoic (1.74 Ga) deep‐sea, low‐temperature, iron‐oxidizing microbial hydrothermal vent community from Arizona, USA
Authors: Little Crispin T. S. , Johannessen Karen C. , Bengtson Stefan , Chan Clara S. , Ivarsson Magnus , Slack John F. , Broman Curt , Thorseth Ingunn H. , Grenne Tor , Rouxel Olivier J. , Bekker Andrey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModern marine hydrothermal vents occur in a wide variety of tectonic settings and are characterized by seafloor emission of fluids rich in dissolved chemicals and rapid mineral precipitation. Some hydrothermal systems vent only low‐temperature Fe‐rich fluids, which precipitate deposits dominated by iron oxyhydroxides, in places together with Mn‐oxyhydroxides and amorphous silica. While a proportion of this mineralization is abiogenic, most is the result of the metabolic activities of benthic, Fe‐oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), principally belonging to the Zetaproteobacteria. These micro‐organisms secrete micrometer‐scale stalks, sheaths, and tubes with a variety of morphologies, composed largely of ferrihydrite that act as sacrificial structures, preventing encrustation of the cells that produce them. Cultivated marine FeOB generally require neutral pH and microaerobic conditions to grow. Here, we describe the morphology and mineralogy of filamentous microstructures from a late Paleoproterozoic (1.74 Ga) jasper (Fe‐oxide‐silica) deposit from the Jerome area of the Verde mining district in central Arizona, USA, that resemble the branching tubes formed by some modern marine FeOB. On the basis of this comparison, we interpret the Jerome area filaments as having formed by FeOB on the deep seafloor, at the interface of weakly oxygenated seawater and low‐temperature Fe‐rich hydrothermal fluids. We compare the Jerome area filaments with other purported examples of Precambrian FeOB and discuss the implications of their presence for existing redox models of Paleoproterozoic oceans during the “Boring Billion.”
Close encounters: Creating embodied spaces of resistance to marginalization and disempowering representation of difference in organization
Authors: Kaasila‐Pakanen Anna‐Liisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper I approach questions of representation from a viewpoint that adopts postcolonial feminism as a starting point for theorizing new orientations for the study of corporeal ethics and difference in organizations. Specifically, I draw on the works of Sara Ahmed and Gayatri Spivak to open up a notion of a close encounter to reflect how we could encounter others in a generous way as a basis for ethical engagement with difference in organizations. Embracing an understanding of self–other relations as embodied practices that materialize in concrete worlds but transcend times, places, and spaces, close encounters provide an alternative epistemological position to imagine ethical subjectivities in organizations through which withdrawal from the essentialist representations that guide our understanding of difference is possible and resistance to the dominant gendered and racialized identities can take place. This perspective offers important implications for rethinking the basis of feminist alliances, participative epistemologies and difference in postcoloniality.
Managing Groundwater to Ensure Ecosystem Function
Authors: Saito Laurel , Christian Bill , Diffley Jennifer , Richter Holly , Rohde Melissa M. , Morrison Scott A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGroundwater is a critical resource not only for human communities but also for many terrestrial, riparian, and aquatic ecosystems and species. Yet groundwater planning and management decisions frequently ignore or inadequately address the needs of these natural systems. As a consequence, ecosystems dependent on groundwater have been threatened, degraded, or eliminated, especially in arid regions. There is growing acknowledgment that governmental protections for these ecological resources are necessary, but current legal, regulatory and voluntary provisions are often inadequate. Groundwater management premised on “safe yield,” which aims to balance human withdrawals with natural recharge rates, typically provides little to no consideration for water needed by ecosystems. Alternatively, the “sustainable yield” concept aims to integrate social, economic and environmental needs for groundwater, but the complexity of groundwater systems creates substantial uncertainty about the impact that current or future groundwater withdrawals will have on ecosystems. Regardless of the legal or regulatory framework, guidance is needed to help ensure environmental water needs will be met, especially in the face of pressure to increase human uses of groundwater resources. In this paper, we describe minimum provisions for planning, managing, and monitoring groundwater that collectively can lower the risk of harm to groundwater‐dependent ecosystems and species, with a special emphasis on arid systems, where ecosystems and species may be especially reliant upon and sensitive to groundwater dynamics.
“I would not go to him”: Focus groups exploring community responses to a public health campaign aimed at reducing unnecessary diagnostic imaging of low back pain
Authors: Sharma Sweekriti , Traeger Adrian C. , Tcharkhedian Elise , Harrison Janet , Hersch Jolyn K. , Pickles Kristen , Harris Ian A. , Maher Chris G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity awareness of the harms of overdiagnosis remains low.ObjectiveTo evaluate community responses to a public health campaign designed for health service waiting rooms that focuses on the harms of unnecessary diagnostic imaging for low back pain.MethodsWe conducted two focus groups of 19 community members with or without low back pain in Sydney, Australia. This study formed the fourth and final stage of the development process of a public health campaign: (a) initial design, (b) expert review and revision, (c) online experiment and (d) community views & revision. We evaluated reactions to components of the campaign that included digital posters and an information leaflet using strong imagery and messaging about the risk of overdiagnosis. We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis to identify main themes.ResultsCommunity members reacted with surprise, initial mistrust, and occasionally anger towards imagery and messaging that suggested diagnostic imaging tests could be unnecessary and harmful. With further reflection and discussion, and after reading longer format information about overdiagnosis, the participants found some of the messages informative and useful. Participants appeared to gain a better understanding of the concept of overdiagnosis and the importance of not rushing to imaging.ConclusionsPublic health campaigns including posters and leaflets displayed in waiting rooms could raise awareness about overuse of diagnostic imaging and the harms of overdiagnosis more broadly. However, negative reactions are possible and must be managed carefully.Patient or Public ContributionWe involved a community participation manager who provided advice on the focus group discussion guide, participant recruitment and manuscript presentation.
Classification of all pharmacological interventions tested in trials relevant to people with schizophrenia: A study‐based analysis
Authors: Shokraneh Farhad , Adams Clive E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSystematic reviewing is a time‐consuming and resource‐intensive process. Information specialists are maintaining study‐based registers to facilitate efficient conduct of systematic reviews. Classification of study‐level meta‐data ‐such as interventions –can result in much more accurate searches, saving time in the early steps of systematic reviewing.ObjectiveTo classify all pharmacological interventions from all schizophrenia trials.MethodsWe used Cochrane Schizophrenia's Study‐based Register as the source of trials, Emtree and MeSH for synonyms, AdisInsight andCT.govfor research drugs and WHO ATC for marketed drugs.ResultsOne third of tested interventions on patients with schizophrenia are pharmacological (816; belonging to 106 clinical classes) with antipsychotic drugs being the most researched (15.1%). Only 528 of these medications are listed in WHO ATC. Around one third of these drug interventions are seen only in research (236; from 21 pharmacological/biochemical classes). Within the pharmacological interventions, we identified 28 ‘qualifiers’ including dose, route and timing of drug delivery.ConclusionIdentification and classification of pharmacological interventions from trials require use of many sources of information none of which are inclusive of all drugs. Limitations of each source are helpful to understand. Classification of non‐pharmacological interventions is now a priority for clinical and information scientists and professionals.
Effects of salt‐induced changes in protein network structure on the properties of surimi gels: computer simulation and digestion study
Authors: Liu Yujia , Yu Jiamei , Zhu Jie , Peng Weiyu , Chen Yuquan , Luo Xinyi , Chen Canhao , Li Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSurimi is considered a new base ingredient in special dietary foods because of its excellent gel formation properties and nutritional value. Cross‐linked network structures are the basis for the formation of protein hydrogels. In this work, protein network structure induced by NaCl was investigated to evaluate its effects on texture property and digestibility of surimi gels. Micro‐protein frameworks were investigated by scanning electron microscope combined with computer simulation, which indicated that the network structure became fine and smooth as a result of salt treatment. The digestibility of surimi with NaCl was higher than that of blank samples in simulated gastric juice in first 30 min, whereas the digestibility showed no significant difference (P = 0.257) in intestinal juice after 180 min. This work aids in understanding of the contribution of salt to the mechanism of surimi gels formation, and its effects on digestion, thus supporting potential applications in special dietary food.
Value‐facilitating simplification in marketing: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Gruner Richard L. , Soutar Geoffrey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsumers’ pursuit of simplicity is gaining traction as a research topic. However, despite an extensive set of studies investigating various facets of simplicity in marketing and related disciplines, knowledge regarding cognitive simplicity remains fragmented. To address this issue, the authors synthesize research findings from diverse literature streams to provide an understanding of simplicity and its relationship with consumers’ cognitive effort as a non‐monetary but crucial cost in the customer journey. This study also introduces value‐facilitating simplification (VFS) as a marketing doctrine that provides firm‐wide guidance for simplifying consumers’ information environments. The authors provide practical VFS examples as well as critical future research avenues before concluding with a discussion of theoretical and practical contributions.
Computational thermodynamic study of SiC chemical vapor deposition from MTS‐H2*
Authors: Peng Jian , Jolly Brian , Mitchell David J. , Haynes J. Allen , Shin Dongwon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the computational thermodynamic analysis of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiC from the methyltrichlorosilane‐hydrogen (MTS‐H2) using up‐to‐date thermodynamic databases. High‐resolution computation has been performed with the fine intervals of temperature and pressure at the various H2/MTS ratios of interest to systematically investigate the deposition condition range (800 to 1600°C, 0 to 26 664 Pa, and H2/MTS ratios of 0.1 to 100) to guide experimental exploration. The influence of deposition parameters on the compositions and phase stabilities of the deposit and gas phase pertinent to vapor processing is elucidated. Low pressure and medium temperatures (1000 to 1400°C) are beneficial to reaching a higher SiC deposition efficiency and provide an optimal window for preparing a high‐purity (>99 wt.% SiC) deposit. This optimal processing window expands significantly with an increasing H2/MTS ratio (<20). These results are supported by a number of previous theoretical and experimental observations. The mass fraction of SiC in deposit is proposed as an additional perspective to understand the discrepancy between thermodynamic calculation and experimental observation of pure CVD SiC at low H2/MTS ratios.
Mental workload of frontline nurses aiding in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Shan Yawei , Shang Jing , Yan Yan , Lu Gendi , Hu Deying , Ye Xuchun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the mental workload level of nurses aiding the most affected area during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and explore the subtypes of nurses regarding their mental workload.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA sample of 446 frontline nurses participated from March 8 to 19, 2020. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify clusters based on the six subscales of the Chinese version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index. The differences among the classes and the variables including sociodemographic characteristics, psychological capital and coping style were explored.ResultsThe level of mental workload indicates that the nurses had high self‐evaluations of their performance while under extremely intensive task loads. The following three latent subtypes were identified: ‘low workload & low self‐evaluation’ (8.6%); ‘medium workload & medium self‐evaluation’ (35.3%) and ‘high workload & high self‐evaluation’ (56.1%) (Classes 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Nurses with shared accommodations, fewer years of practice, junior professional titles, lower incomes, nonmanagement working positions, lower psychological capital levels and negative coping styles had a higher likelihood of belonging to Class 1. In contrast, senior nurses with higher psychological capital and positive coping styles were more likely to belong to Classes 2 and 3.ConclusionThe characteristics of the ‘low workload & low self‐evaluation’ subtype suggest that attention should be paid to the work pressure and psychological well‐being of junior nurses. Further research on regular training program of public health emergency especially for novices is needed. Personnel management during public health events should be focused on the allocation between novice and senior frontline nurses.ImpactThis study addresses the level of mental workload of frontline nurses who aid in the most severe area of the COVID‐19 pandemic in China and delineates the characteristics of the subtypes of these nurses.
FGF21 promotes ischaemic angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cells function under diabetic conditions in an AMPK/NAD+‐dependent manner
Authors: Dai Qiaoxia , Fan Xia , Meng Xue , Sun Shiyue , Su Yue , Ling Xiao , Chen Xiangjuan , Wang Kai , Dai Xiaozhen , Zhang Chi , Da Sun , Zhang Guigui , Gu Chunjie , Chen Hui , He Junhong , Hu Haiqi , Yu Lechu , Pan Xiaohong , Tan Yi , Yan Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiabetic vascular complications are closely associated with long‐term vascular dysfunction and poor neovascularization. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play pivotal roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis and triggering angiogenesis, and EPC dysfunction contributes to defective angiogenesis and resultant diabetic vascular complications. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has received substantial attention as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes via regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the effects of FGF21 on diabetic vascular complications remain unclear. In the present study, the in vivo results showed that FGF21 efficiently improved blood perfusion and ischaemic angiogenesis in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice, and these effects were accompanied by enhanced EPC mobilization and infiltration into ischaemic muscle tissues and increases in plasma stromal cell–derived factor‐1 concentration. The in vitro results revealed that FGF21 directly prevented EPC damage induced by high glucose, and the mechanistic studies demonstrated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) was dramatically decreased in EPCs challenged with high glucose, whereas FGF21 treatment significantly increased NAD+ content in an AMPK‐dependent manner, resulting in improved angiogenic capability of EPCs. These results indicate that FGF21 promotes ischaemic angiogenesis and the angiogenic ability of EPCs under diabetic conditions by activating the AMPK/NAD+ pathway.
Party Politics and Radical Right Populism in the European Parliament: Analysing Political Groups as Democratic Actors
Authors: Kantola Johanna , Miller Cherry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe European Parliament's political groups have traditionally been studied using quantitative methods and roll call votes. This article expands such research agendas by applying qualitative methods and interview data to expose existing power relations not just on macro level but within and between political groups. This generates insights on the ways in which radical right populism impacts on democratic practices and their erosion in parliamentary politics. The article examines intergroup and intragroup activities as fundamental, under‐researched areas of the functioning of political group. The research material consists of 123 interviews with members of the European Parliament and staff and ethnographic field notes all gathered in Brussels and Strasbourg between 2018 and 2020. The findings show that the impact of radical right populism on political group dynamics cannot be understood by focusing on formal institutions only but has to be analysed at the level of informal institutions.
In vitro investigation of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of alcoholic, hydroalcoholic extracts, and essential oil of Spinacia oleracea leaves from Iran
Authors: Issazadeh Seyed Ali , Hatami Samaneh , Yavarmanesh Masoud 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of the alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Spinacia oleracea leaves, on Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), and to identify bioactive functional components including essential oil by GC–MS. Microbial analyses, including disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were conducted, whose results were compared with some specific antibiotics. The results of the MIC and MBC analyses indicated that S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes were more sensitive to the alcoholic extract than P. aeruginosa and E. coli. However, the hydroalcoholic extract showed no MIC and MBC for the tested pathogens. In the disc diffusion method, the alcoholic extract had a great effect on L. monocytogenes. The GC–MS analysis showed phenolic compounds (9.345%), unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (22.901%), alkaloids, and terpenes (58.57%), amino acids (6.279%), squalene (0.233%), and other compounds in the alcoholic extract of Spinach, which has functional roles in biological activities. Furthermore, the most important compounds of the essential oil of the Iranian spinach were durohydroquinone (34.73%), α‐terpineol (12.98%), linalool (22.69%), and cineole (13.1%). According to the results, the alcoholic extract and the essential oil of S. oleracea leaves can be a good alternative for antibiotics and can be used in foods and animal feed as a preservative.
Attitudes towards deprescribing: The perspectives of geriatric patients and nursing home residents
Authors: Lundby Carina , Glans Peter , Simonsen Trine , Søndergaard Jens , Ryg Jesper , Lauridsen Henrik Hein , Pottegård Anton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSuccessful deprescribing requires insight into patients' thoughts about deprescribing. We described attitudes towards deprescribing in a large sample of geriatric patients and nursing home residents.DesignInterview‐based questionnaire study.SettingDenmark.ParticipantsGeriatric inpatients (n = 44), geriatric outpatients (n = 94), and nursing home residents (n = 162) with an Orientation‐Memory‐Concentration score of ≥8.MeasurementsParticipants completed the validated Danish version of the revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire by interview. Attitudes were reported descriptively, and rPATD factor scores were compared between participant groups and across participant characteristics.ResultsParticipants had a median age of 82 years (interquartile range [IQR] 76–89) and used a median of 8 medications (IQR 5–10). Thirty‐three percent of participants would like to try stopping one of their medications on their own, while 87% were willing to stop one on their physician's advice. Geriatric inpatients reported slightly greater perceived burden of taking medication compared to geriatric outpatients and nursing home residents (median "burden” score 50 vs 42, p = 0.11), while geriatric outpatients reported slightly more involvement in their medication use compared to nursing home residents (median “involvement” score 80 vs 75, p < 0.05) and geriatric inpatients (median “involvement” score 80 vs 70, p < 0.01). An increasing number of medications was associated with an increased “burden” score (ptrend = 0.001): Those using 1–4 medications daily had a median score of 25 (IQR 17–33) compared to 58 (IQR 42–75) among those using ≥10 medications daily. Similarly, an increasing number of medications was associated with a higher "concerns about stopping” score (ptrend = 0.001) and a lower "appropriateness” score (ptrend < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionGeriatric patients and nursing home residents are generally open towards deprescribing, particularly if proposed by their physician. Some differences exist between populations and across individual patient characteristics. Clinicians should increase awareness of deprescribing as a possibility in these populations and tailor their deprescribing approach to the individual patient.