bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Glycyrrhizic acid Biosynthesis in Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch.
Authors: He Junping , Yao Lu , Wang Juan , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to better understand the mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis and explore important enzyme gene resources in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., we sequenced the transcriptome of the adventitious roots of G. uralensis treated by methyl jasmonate (MJ) and assembled the de novo sequence. 256503 unique transcripts with an average length of 898bp were produced. Transcriptome sequencing and data analysis showed that the key genes of glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis changed significantly after MJ treatment. 2720 up-regulated genes and 3493 down regulated genes were found. In the process of oxidation and glycosylation of glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis. A putative CYP450 gene (Cluster-30944.70498) is positively correlated with glycyrrhetinic acid. The glycosyltransferase gene (Cluster-30944.25725) is positively correlated with glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. In addition, we found an AP2-EREBP family transcription factor (Cluster-30944.55070). It had high amino acid sequence similarity with PgERF1. In Panax ginseng, PgERF1 was identified as promoting the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins. According to the correlation analysis of transcription factors, functional gene expression and component accumulation, we speculated that this transcription factor can positively regulate the expression of farnesyl diphosphate, squalene epoxide and glycosyltransferase (Cluster-30944.25725) genes and ultimately increase the content of glycyrrhizic acid.
miRNA miRNA on the Wall, Who Is the Most Cardio-Specific of Them All? Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Wulandari Prima Hapsari 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The severe and acute manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) is acute coronary syndrome (ACS); therefore, prompt diagnosis can save lives. Cardiac biomarkers that are accepted to use in evaluating ACS are creatine kinase muscle/brain subtype (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (CTnI), or cardiac troponin T (CTnT). However, these markers have several drawbacks, such as prolonged time to rise for prompt diagnosis and elevation in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Lately, potential, novel candidates for cardiac ischemia biomarkers have been developed, one of which is micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs). miRNAs are potential due to their remarkable reproducibility and stability. Several miRNAs, such as, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR-499a, greatly rise in concentration in the plasma or serum of patients with acute cardiac ischemia, signifying their cardiac specificity and promising biomarkers in patients with ACS. This systematic review aims to elucidate the role of cardio-specific miRNA in acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) and its relationship with other cardiac biomarkers.
Grey-box modeling and hypothesis testing of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based cerebrovascular reactivity to anodal high-definition tDCS in healthy humans
Authors: Arora Yashika , Walia Pushpinder , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro , Muthalib Makii , Chowdhury Shubhajit Roy , Perrey Stephane , Dutta Anirban 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to evoke hemodynamics response; however, the mechanisms have not been investigated systematically using systems biology approaches. We postulate that such a mechanistic understanding of the hemodynamics response, called cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to tDCS, can facilitate adequate delivery of the tDCS current density to the neurovascular tissue in cerebrovascular diseases. Our study presents a systems biology approach to evaluate CVR during high-definition (HD) tDCS using a physiologically constrained grey-box linear model. Our grey-box linear model was developed for the multi-compartmental neurovascular unit consisting of the vascular smooth muscle, perivascular space, synaptic space, and astrocyte glial cell. The physiologically detailed model generated vessel oscillations in the frequency range of 0.05–0.2 Hz driven mainly by non-linear calcium dynamics. Then, model linearization was performed to develop a grey-box linear model for evaluating the acute effects during the first 150 seconds of anodal HD-tDCS in eleven healthy humans using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based measure of blood volume. The grey-box linear model was fitted to the total hemoglobin concentration (tHb) changes with optodes in the vicinity of 4x1 HD-tDCS electrodes. We found that the grey-box model pathway from perivascular potassium to the vessel circumference (Pathway 3) presented the best fit to fNIRS tHb time series with the least mean square error (MSE, median < 2.5%). Then, minimal realization transfer function with reduced-order approximations of the grey-box model pathways was fitted to the average tHb time series. Pathway 3, with nine poles and two zeros (all free parameters), provided the best Chi-Square Goodness of Fit of 0.0078. Therefore, our study provided a sound systems biology approach to investigate the hemodynamic response to tDCS that needs further investigation in health, aging, and disease. Future studies can leverage transcranial alternating current stimulation for frequency-dependent physiological entrainment of relevant pathways, e.g., oscillations driven by nonlinear calcium dynamics, that can provide additional insights based on our grey-box modeling approach.
Bilateral septic arthritis of the shoulder: case report and literature review
Authors: Maia Roberto Barreto , Silva Lucas Fraga Cunha da , Santos Herbert Nascimento dos , Andrade Fernando Antônio Batista , Matos Marcos Antônio Almeida , Barros Rogério Meira , Santos Marcus Vinícius Silva , Alves Rezende Luis Guilherme Rosifini 
Published: February 2021

Bilateral shoulder septic arthritis is a rare condition in immunocompetent patients without known risk factors, therefore, it can be easily misdiagnosed. Septic arthritis is an emergency due to its potential to cause rapid destruction of cartilage and bone as well as the risk for systemic spread. Aggressive early treatment is crucial for easing pain, preventing joint collapse, and permanent loss of shoulder function. We presented a case report of a 68 years-old man, suffering from multiple comorbidities and bilateral shoulder septic arthritis. The patient underwent arthroscopic surgery in the left shoulder. Antibiotic therapy was carried out after the surgical procedure using clindamycin. The patient had a satisfactory outcome, characterized by regression of the inflammatory symptoms in both shoulders. There was an improvement in pain and fevers settled. In this case report, we have also discussed treatment options as well as possible outcomes.
Influence of bridge piers shapes on the flow of the lower Yellow River
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Wang Tao , Lu Xiaobin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The shape of bridge piers across rivers is one of the significant factors that affect the backwater in the river. The study on the influence of bridge pier shapes on the flow patterns of the river is valuable to the design of the bridge and river flooding. Based on the MIKE21 Flow Model hydrodynamic model, dynamic numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of different shapes of bridge piers on water flow. The result shows that rectangular, circular and elliptical piers have a water blocking effect on the river. The flow patterns changed in local areas near the piers. Under the same flow rate, the backwater of the rectangular pier was the largest, followed by the circular piers, and the elliptical pier was the smallest. The value of backwater volume caused by the rectangular pier was 1.95 times the elliptical pier. The elliptical bridge piers basically do not change the overall flow patterns of the river, and have little effect on the river regime. This work provides a reference for the layout of river bridge piers.
Statistical modeling of monthly streamflow using time series and artificial neural network models: Hindiya Barrage as a case study
Authors: Al-Saati Nabeel H. , Omran Isam I. , Salman Alaa Ali , Al-Saati Zainab , Hashim Khalid S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Box-Jenkins models combine the autoregressive and moving average models to a stationary time series after the appropriate transformation, while the nonlinear autoregressive (N.A.R.) or the autoregressive neural network (ARNN) models are of the kind of multi-layer perceptron (M.L.P.), which compose an input layer, hidden layer and an output layer. Monthly streamflow at the downstream of the Euphrates River (Hindiya Barrage) /Iraq for the period January 2000 to December 2019 was modeled utilizing ARIMA and N.A.R. time series models. The predicted Box-Jenkins model was ARIMA (1,1,0) (0,1,1), while the predicted artificial neural network (N.A.R.) model was (M.L.P. 1-3-1). The results of the study indicate that the traditional Box-Jenkins model was more accurate than the N.A.R. model in modeling the monthly streamflow of the studied case. Performing a one-step-ahead forecast during the year 2019, the forecast accuracy between the forecasted and recorded monthly streamflow for both models was as follows: the Box-Jenkins model gave root mean squared error (RMSE = 48.7) and the coefficient of determination = 0.801), while the (NAR) model gave (RMSE = 93.4) and = 0.269). Future projection of the monthly stream flow through the year 2025, utilizing the Box-Jenkins model, indicated the existence of long-term periodicity.
Adsorptive decontamination of paper mill effluent by nano fly ash: response surface methodology, adsorption isotherm and reusability studies
Authors: Bisht Divya , Sinha Surbhi , Nigam Sonal , Bisaria Kavya , Mehrotra Tithi , Singh Rachana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present study, adsorption of colour and other pollutants from agro-based paper mill effluent onto fabricated coal fly ash nanoparticles (CFA-N) have been investigated. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the operational conditions for maximum ouster of colour from effluent by nano structured CFA-N. Maximum reduction in colour (92.45%) and other pollutants were obtained at optimum conditions: 60 min interaction time, 60 g/L adsorbent dosage and 80 rpm agitation rate. The regression coefficient values (adjusted R2= 0.7169; predicted R2= 0.7539) established harmony between predicted and the experimental data. The adsorption equilibrium results matched perfectly with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with maximum adsorption capacity of 250 platinum–cobalt/g. Additionally, the efficacy of CFA-N was also assessed in a continuous column mode. Furthermore, the feasibility of treated effluent for irrigation purpose was checked by growing the plant Solanum lycopersicum. Overall, the findings demonstrated the outstanding role of inexpensive and abundantly available CFA-N in treatment of paper mill effluent to the required compliance levels.
Fast Dissolution Electrospun Medicated Nanofibers for Effective Delivery
of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug
Authors: Wang Ke , Yu Deng-Guang , Aidana Yrysbaeva , Wang Yibin , Li Jie , Chang Shuyue 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Electrospinning is developing rapidly from an earlier laboratory method into an industrial process. The clinical applications are approached in various ways through electrospun medicated nanofibers. The fast-dissolving oral drug delivery system (DDS) among them is one of the most promising routes in the near future for commercial applications.

Methods:
Related papers have been investigated, including the latest research results, on electrospun nanofiber-based fast-dissolution DDSs.

Results:
Several relative topics have been concluded: 1) The development of electrospinning, ranging from 1-fluid blending to multi-fluid process and potential applications in the formation of medicated nanofibers involving poorly water-soluble drugs; 2) Selection of appropriate polymer matrices and drug carriers for filament formation; 3) Types of poorly water-soluble drugs ideal for fast oral delivery; 4) The methods for evaluating fast-dissolving nanofibers; 5) The mechanisms that promote the fast dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs by electrospun nanofibers; 6) The important issues for further development of electrospun medicated nanofibers as oral fast-dissolving drug delivery systems.

Conclusions & Perspectives:
Electrospun-medicated nanofibers can be used as oral fast dissolving DDSs of poorly water-soluble drugs due to their unique properties. However, some significant issues need to be investigated, such as scalable productions and solid dosage form conversions.
Study of Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sayeed , Khalid Mohammad , Kamal Mohammad A. , Younis Kaiser 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects several people worldwide and has devastating
impacts on society with a limited number of approaches for its pharmacological treatment.
The main causes of AD are not clear yet. However, the formation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary
tangles, hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein, and disruption of redox homeostasis may cause AD.
These causes have a positive correlation with oxidative stress, producing reactive ions, which are
responsible for altering the physiological condition of the body.

Conclusion:
Ongoing research recommended the use of phytochemicals as acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors to hinder the onset and progression of AD. The natural compound structures, including
lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, and alkaloids have anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief introduction
to AD along with the use of natural compounds as new therapeutic approaches for its
management.
Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Dillenia indica Inhibit the Growth of MCF-7 Breast Cancer and COV434 Granulosa Tumor Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy
Authors: Lawal Temitope O. , Raut Nishikant A. , Patel Shitalben R. , Mahady Gail B. 
Published: February 2021

Background:Dillenia indica L. (Dilleniaceae) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) are used in traditional Nigerian medicine to treat various forms of cancer. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of these plant extracts using COV434 granulosa tumor and MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Methods:Samples of D. indica and A. leiocarpus were collected in Ibadan, Nigeria, air-dried, and extracted with methanol. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were determined using CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 assay at concentrations from 1 to 100 μg/mL. Caspase activity and apoptosis were determined using Caspase-Glo® 3/7, Caspase-Glo® 8, and ApoTox-Glo™ triplex assays, and qPCR. Autophagy was measured using a Cyto-ID Autophagy Detection Kit.Results:In COV434, aqueous partitions of A. leiocarpus root (ALR-Aq) and stem bark (ALS-Aq) had IC50sof 23.5 and 26.7 μg/mL, respectively. In MCF-7 cells, the ALR MeOH extract had IC50of 12.75 μg/mL, while the DIS-Aq had IC50of 65.28 μg/mL. None of the extracts inhibited the growth of human osteoblasts or rat myoblasts at similar concentrations. Treatment with ALR-Aq and DIS-Aq induced mitochondrial apoptosis in MCF-7 and COV434. Both ALR-Aq and DIS-Aq induced autophagy in COV434 cells, while ALR-Aq induced autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Ellagic acid (IC50of 3.27μg/mL in COV434 cells) was isolated from ALR-Aq using bioassay-guided fractionation.Conclusion:DIS-Aq and ALR-Aq induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and COV434 cancer cells. Ellagic acid was isolated as the active constituent. Taken together, these data suggest that both plant extracts have strong anti-proliferative effects, and further investigation for their anticancer effects is warranted.
Assessment of Extrapyramidal Symptoms Associated with Psychotropics Pharmacological Treatments, and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Abu-Naser Dania , Gharaibeh Sara , Al Meslamani Ahmad Z. , Alefan Qais , Abunaser Renad 
Published: February 2021

Background:Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) are unwanted symptoms commonly originating from the use of certain medications. The symptoms can range from minimal discomfort to permanent involuntary muscular movements. The aims of the study were to examine the incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS), associated risk factors, and clinical characteristics.Methods:This is a retrospective, observational study of di-EPS conducted in outpatient clinics of Jordan using the longitudinal health database (Hakeem®) for data collection. Patients who received drugs with the risk of EPS during the period 2010-2020 were included and followed. Patients with any of the known underlying conditions that may cause EPS or were currently taking drugs that may mask the symptoms were excluded. Gender and age-matched control subjects were included in the study. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS®) version 26 was used for data analysis.Results:The final dataset included 34898 exposed patients and 69796 matched controls. The incidence of di-EPS ranged from 9.8% [Amitriptyline 25mg] to 28.9% (Imipramine 25mg). Baseline factors associated with a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS were age {HR: 1.1 [95%CI: 0.8-1.2, p=0.003], smoking {HR: 1.7 (95%CI: 1.3-2.2), p=0.02}, tremor history {HR: 7.4 (95%CI: 5.9-8.3), p=.002} and history of taking antipsychotics {HR: 3.9, (95% CI: 2.5-4.6), p=0.001}. Patients taking paroxetine {HR: 8.6 [95%CI: 7.4-9.8], p=.0002},imipramine {HR: 8.3, [7.1-10.5], p=0.01}, or fluoxetine {HR: 8.2 (95%CI: 6.8-9.3), p=.006} had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram. Myoclonus, blepharospasm, symptoms of the basal ganglia dysfunction, and organic writers' cramp were reported among participants.Conclusion:Patients treated with paroxetine, imipramine, fluoxetine, or clomipramine had a higher risk of developing di-EPS than patients treated with citalopram. The difference in gender was not significantly related to di-EPS development. Whereas age, smoking, and history of taking antipsychotics were significantly associated with di-EPS development.Key findings:• High incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS) was reported• Age, smoking, tremor history, and history of taking antipsychotics were risk factors of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms.• Patients taking paroxetine, imipramine or fluoxetine had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram
Impact of DMPEI on Biofilm Adhesion on Latex Urinary Catheter
Authors: Tarabal Vinícius S. , Silva Flávia G. , Sinisterra Ruben D. , Gonçalves Daniel , Silva Jose , Granjeiro Jose M. , Speziali Marcelo , Granjeiro Paulo A. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Microorganisms can migrate from the external environment
to the patient’s organism through the insertion of catheters. Despite being
indispensable medical device, the catheter surface can be colonized by microorganisms
and become a starting point for biofilm formation. Therefore, new technologies
are being developed in order to modify surfaces to prevent the adhesion
and survival of microorganisms. Patents with the use of DMPEI have been filed.

Objective:
In the present work, we coated latex catheter surfaces with 2 mg mL-1
DMPEI in different solvents, evaluated the wettability of the surface and the anti-
biofilm activity of the coated catheter against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Candida albicans.

Methods:
We coated the inner and outer catheter surfaces with 2 mg mL-1 of DMPEI
solubilized in butanol, dimethylformamide, and cyclohexanone and the surfaces
were analyzed visually. Contact angle measurement allowed the analysis of
the wettability of the surfaces. The CFU mL-1 count evaluated E. coli, S. aureus,
and C. albicans adhesion onto the control and treated surfaces.

Results:
The contact angle decreased from 50.48º to 46.93º on the inner surface
and from 55.83º to 50.91º on the outer surface of latex catheters coated with DMPEI.
The catheter coated with DMPEI showed anti-biofilm activity of 83%, 88%,
and 93% on the inner surface and 100%, 92%, and 86% on the outer surface for
E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively.

Conclusion:
Latex catheter coated with DMPEI efficiently impaired the biofilm
formation both on the outer and inner surfaces, showing a potential antimicrobial
activity along with a high anti-biofilm activity for medical devices.
The Impact of the Detector on the Performances of a Multi-Person Tracking
System
Authors: Djarah Djalal , Meraoumia Abdallah , Louazene Mohamed Lakhdar 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Pedestrian detection and tracking are an important area of study in realworld
applications, such as mobile robots, human-computer interaction, video surveillance, pedestrian
protection systems, etc. As a result, it has attracted the interest of the scientific community.

Objective:
Certainly, tracking people is critical for numerous utility areas which cover unusual situations
detection, like vicinity evaluation, and sometimes change direction in human gait and partial
occlusions.
Researchers' primary focus is to develop a surveillance system that can work in a dynamic environment,
but there are major issues and challenges involved in designing such systems. So, it has become
a significant issue and challenge to design a tracking system that can be more suitable for such
situations. To this end, this paper presents a comparative evaluation of the tracking-by-detection
system along with the publicly available pedestrian benchmark databases.

Method:
Unlike recent works where person detection and tracking are usually treated separately,
our work explores the joint use of the popular Simple Online and Real-time Tracking (SORT) method
and the relevant visual detectors. Consequently, the choice of the detector is an important factor
in the evaluation of the system's performance.

Results:
Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the tracking-by-detection system
is closely related to the optimal selection of the detector and should be required prior to a rigorous
evaluation.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates how sensitive the system performance as a whole is to the
challenges of the dataset. Furthermore, the efficiency of the detector and the detector-tracker combination
is also depending on the dataset.