bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress response in children undergoing cardiac surgery: Utility of the clearance of isoprostanes
Authors: Hadley Stephanie , Cañizo Vazquez Debora , Lopez Abad Miriam , Congiu Stefano , Lushchencov Dmytro , Camprubí Camprubí Marta , Sanchez-de-Toledo Joan 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Cardiac surgery (CS) in pediatric patients induces an overt oxidative stress (OS) response. Children are particularly vulnerable to OS related injury. The immaturity of their organs and antioxidant systems as well as the induction of OS in cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery may have an important impact on outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the OS response, measured by urinary free 8-iso-PGF2α, in infants undergoing CS and to evaluate the relationship between OS response and post-operative clinical outcomes.

Methods
Infants with congenital heart disease undergoing CS with or without CPB were eligible for enrollment. Children were classified as neonates (<30 days) or infants (30 days—6 months) based on the age at surgery. Perioperative continuous non-invasive neuromonitoring included amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram and cerebral regional oxygen saturation measured with near-infrared spectroscopy. Urine 8-iso-PGF2α levels were measured before, immediately post-, and 24-hours post-surgery, and the 8-iso-PGF2 clearance was calculated.

Results
Sixty-two patients (60% neonates) were included. Urine 8-iso-PGF2α levels 24 hours after surgery (8.04 [6.4–10.3] ng/mg Cr) were higher than pre-operative levels (5.7 [4.65–7.58] ng/mg Cr) (p<0.001). Those patients with a severe degree of cyanosis caused by Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) had the highest post-operative 8-iso-PGF2α levels. Patients with intra-operative seizures had higher post-operative 8-iso-PGF2α levels. 8-iso-PGF2α clearance at 24 hours post-surgery was different between newborns and infant patients, and it was inversely correlated with days of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.05), ICU LOS (p = 0.05) and VIS score at 24 hours (p = 0.036).

Conclusions
Children undergoing CS, particularly neonatal patients, experience a significant post-operative OS response that might play an important role in postoperative morbidity. TGA patients undergoing arterial switch operations demonstrate the highest post-operative OS response. Rapid clearance of isoprostanes, which occurs more frequently in older patients with more mature antioxidant systems, might be associated with better clinical outcomes.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of branded and authorized generic celecoxib for patients with chronic pain in Japan
Authors: Karasawa Yusuke , Kamae Isao , Nozawa Kazutaka , Zeniya Shigeki , Murata Tatsunori , Soen Satoshi , Sakamoto Choitsu 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of branded and authorized generic (AG) celecoxib for chronic pain patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and low back pain (LBP), using real-world cost information for loxoprofen and pharmacotherapy for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Methods
This cost-effectiveness analysis was performed as a long-term simulation using the Markov model from the Japanese public healthcare payer’s perspective. The analysis was conducted using loxoprofen with real-world weighted price by branded/generic distribution (hereinafter, loxoprofen with weighted price) as a comparator. In the model, we simulated the prognosis of patients with chronic pain by OA, RA, and LBP treated with loxoprofen or celecoxib, over a lifetime period.

Results
A cost-increase of 129,688 JPY (1,245.00 USD) for branded celecoxib and a cost-reduction of 6,268 JPY (60.17 USD) for AG celecoxib were recognized per patient in lifetime horizon, compared to loxoprofen with weighted price. No case was recognized to reverse the results of cost-saving by AG celecoxib in one-way sensitivity analysis. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of branded celecoxib attained 5,403,667 JPY/QALY (51,875.20 USD/QALY), compared to loxoprofen with the weighted price.

Conclusion
The current cost-effectiveness analysis for AG celecoxib revealed its good value for costs, considering the patients’ future risk of gastrointestinal injury; also, the impact on costs due to AG celecoxib against loxoprofen will be small. It implies that the disadvantage of AG celecoxib being slightly more expensive than generic loxoprofen could be offset by the good cost-effectiveness during the prognosis.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on waiting times for elective surgery patients: A multicenter study
Authors: Uimonen Mikko , Kuitunen Ilari , Paloneva Juha , Launonen Antti P. , Ponkilainen Ville , Mattila Ville M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
A concern has been that health care reorganizations during the first COVID-19 wave have led to delays in elective surgeries, resulting in increased complications and even mortality. This multicenter study examined the changes in waiting times of elective surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland.

Methods
Data on elective surgery were gathered from three Finnish public hospitals for years 2017–2020. Surgery incidence and waiting times were examined and the year 2020 was compared to the reference years 2017–2019. The mean annual, monthly, and weekly waiting times were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The most common diagnosis groups were examined separately.

Findings
A total of 88 693 surgeries were included during the study period. The mean waiting time in 2020 was 92.6 (CI 91.5–93.8) days, whereas the mean waiting time in the reference years was 85.8 (CI 85.1–86.5) days, resulting in an average 8% increase in waiting times in 2020. Elective procedure incidence decreased rapidly in the onset of the first COVID-19 wave in March 2020 but recovered in May and June, after which the surgery incidence was 22% higher than in the reference years and remained at this level until the end of the year. In May 2020 and thereafter until November, waiting times were longer with monthly increases varying between 7% and 34%. In gastrointestinal and genitourinary diseases and neoplasms, waiting times were longer in 2020. In cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, waiting times were shorter in 2020.

Conclusion
The health care reorganizations due to the pandemic have increased elective surgery waiting times by as much as one-third, even though the elective surgery rate increased by one-fifth after the lockdown.
GeneXpert on patients with human immunodeficiency virus and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Kim , Ngoc Nguyen Bao , Hoa Nguyen Binh , Dat Vu Quoc , Nhung Nguyen Viet 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
Vietnam is a high-prevalence country for tuberculosis (TB). Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel PCR-based diagnostic test that is substantially more sensitive for detecting M. tuberculosis than traditional smear-based techniques. However, locally-derived evidence of Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected people is limited. This study evaluates the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNTB).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study in 3 hospitals. The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF was compared with the reference standard of liquid culture and phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing for rifampicin (RIF) resistance.

Results
Out of 123 patients, the median age was 37.0 (IQR: 32.0–41.0) and 81.3% were male. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of Xpert MTB/RIF for pulmonary TB diagnosis were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.81), 66.7% (95%CI: 54.8–77.1) and 77.1% (95%CI: 62.7–88.0), respectively, while Se and Sp of Xpert MTB/RIF in detecting RIF resistance were 50.0 (11.8–88.2) and 86.4% (95%CI: 72.7–94.8).

Conclusion
The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected patients with SNTB for the diagnosis of TB and RIF-resistance was low. Further studies are required to evaluate the results of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in HIV-infected patients with SNTB and the role of Xpert repetition on the same specimens.
Dancing with atrial fibrillation – How arrhythmia affects everyday life of family members: A qualitative study
Authors: Rosenstrøm Stine , Risom Signe Stelling , Ejlertsen Camilla , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: July 2021

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Patients with AF often experience debilitating symptoms, stress and reduced health-related quality of life. Previous qualitative research on AF has primarily focused on the patient. AF, however, can also be burdensome for the patient’s family.

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore how family members experience life when a close member in the family has AF.

Method
Transcribed focus group interviews were analysed using content analysis approach inspired by Graneheim and Lundman.

Results
Two focus group interviews were conducted with 11 family members. The overall theme was Dancing with AF. The theme emerged from three categories: 1) Handling AF as a living condition, 2) Influencing the roles of family members, 3) Fear of AF attack. AF had a very significant impact on the patients’ family members, forcing them to reconstruct their daily lives.

Conclusions
AF has multiple consequences for family members and can give rise to conflicts concerning family roles. Family members have a lack of knowledge of AF and fear of how AF can cause changes in the family members’ everyday lives. This study demonstrates that there is a need for further research of ways to support the family members of patients with AF.
Chrystianizacja Anglii według Historia ecclesiastica gentis Angelorum Bedy Czcigodnego
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Dorota 
Published: July 2021

Bede Venerable from Northumbria belongs to the group of the most prolific writers of the early medieval period. This Benedictine friar from Britain became famous thanks to his chronicle: Historia ecclesiastica gentis Angelorum, dedicated to the history of his motherland since the moment of Gaius Julius Caesar’s arrival until the year 731. Thanks to this chronicle, but also his other historical records concerning, e.g. Benedictine abbots, Bede Venerable owes his name of ‘the father of English historiography’. The issue of the Christianisation of Britain, connected with the continuous sending of missionaries on the British territory, creates the main part of this chronicle. This article is an attempt, undertaken with a certain amount of timidity, to outline the history of the introduction and renewal of Christianity in Britain based only on the chronicle written by Bede Venerable.
Populizm religijno-polityczny Eva Moralesa wyzwaniem dla Kościoła katolickiego
Authors: Tomaszewski Jarosław 
Published: July 2021

The article shows the diffi cult problem of how to renew the dialogue between the Catholic Church, present in Bolivia since the sixteenth century and the populist regime of Evo Morales, nowadays expelled by the Bolivian opposition from his own country. The painful division of the Bolivian society into several distinctly separate groups is a huge missionary challenge for the Catholic Church in Bolivia. Catholicism cannot look indiff erently at the many social experiments conducted in the area of this very poor Andean country. What is required, is a radical change of the spiritual formation, which will lead effi ciently to a renewed reception of the Gospel in the free heart of the Bolivian nation.
Starobabilońskie prawo sądowe w świetle listów z epoki
Authors: Tyborowski Witold 
Published: July 2021

Oprócz starobabilońskich zbiorów prawnych, także dokumenty prawne pochodzące z tego okresu pokazują, że procedury związane z procesem sądowym w Babilonii w pierwszej połowie drugiego tysiąclecia p.n.e. miały wyraźnie znormalizowaną postać. Sugerują to zarówno paragrafy 9–13 Praw Hammurabiego, jak i liczne dokumenty procesowe. Niestety, żadna z tych kategorii tekstów nie pozwala stwierdzić, czy był to efekt porządkowania doświadczeń płynących z praktyki, czy też odgórnych regulacji ze strony władzy państwowej. Odrębną kategorią tekstów mówiących o przebiegu i procedurach w starobabilońskim procesie są listy z tej epoki, w których pojawiają się wzmianki o dekretach królewskich (ṣimdatum / ṣimdat šarrim), które regulują, jak ma przebiegać proces sądowy, a nawet samo ogłoszenie wyroku. Wszystkie sprawy, w przypadku których nakazuje się postępowanie zgodnie z dekretami królewskimi, związane są z osobami funkcjonującymi w ramach aparatu administracyjnego państwa. Może to oznaczać, że był on zobowiązany do popularyzowania prawa stanowionego przez władzę. Wprawdzie dotychczas nie zidentyfikowano tekstów, które noszą nazwę ṣimdatum bądź ṣimdat šarrim, lecz mogły mieć one postać konkretnych zaleceń, odnoszących się do problemów prawnych, jak np. AbB 3 1, który zawiera prosty zakaz określonych działań.
The Arguments in Justice in Transactions: A Reply to Commentators
Authors: Benson Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This reply addresses some of the basic questions and criticisms raised by commentators in their interesting pieces on Justice in Transactions. My aim in that book is to work out a public basis of justification for the common law of contract. Given the limits of space, the discussion here is unavoidably selective and incomplete. Within these parameters, however, the article presents, and hopefully clarifies, some of the book’s main arguments that are relevant to the comments, using the footnotes for more detailed responses to the particular points made. These points encompass both methodological and substantive issues. The former center around the nature of public justification and whether the proposed theory of contract law meets its requirements. The substantive issues addressed include the role of promises in contract law, the compatibility between contractual fairness and contractual freedom, and the relation between contract and distributive justice.
Justice in Contract, no Justice in the Background
Authors: Rödl Florian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the first part of his book, Peter Benson elaborates for the common law that fairness in exchange is not only a fundamental principle of contract law, but that it is, moreover, conceptually rooted in the idea of private autonomy. For the common law presumes that a party to a contract intends, in principle, to exchange performance at its value and on fair terms. The following comment shows that this presumption also animates German contract law, including the rules on the review of standard terms. In the second part, Benson develops the image of a harmonious complementarity of private law, which is characterised by transactional justice, and public law, which instantiates distributive justice. The following comment disputes the claimed harmony by demonstrating the fundamental asymmetry in the institutionalisation of both forms of justice in civil society.
Electricity demand modeling techniques for hybrid solar PV system
Authors: Minai Ahmad Faiz , Husain Mohammed Aslam , Naseem Mohammad , Khan Akhlaque Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent period, electricity need is increasing because of automatic control systems in developing modern societies. So it is necessary to estimate the consumption and needs of a particular sector to match the generation and demand for whole society. This task is performed by the modeling of electricity demand, in which many tools/plans and policies are involved. According to which, tariffs are made to benefit the society as well as energy suppliers. Electricity demand modeling is also needful when any of the generation plant is going to be installed, especially in the case of solar PV plant, in which number of panels, area, and balance of system completely depends upon the electricity demand. Hence in this work, modeling is proposed for electricity demand after analyzing various sectors. After the proper energy audit in initial stage, hybrid generation system (Thermal/Solar PV/DG/Batteries) will be modeled to match the demand in peak hours using metaheuristics optimization techniques. Low carbon emission and energy storage are the key features of power generation using solar PV system, which are very beneficial for any state of India.
Ein Beitrag zum Forschenden Lernen von Tutorinnen und Tutoren in Fortbildungsmaßnahmen am Beispiel des ProgrammsDeutsch Lehren Lernen
Authors: Abramović Blaženka 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Anspruch des Fort- und WeiterbildungsprogrammsDeutsch Lehren Lernen (DLL), den Berufsbezug in den Vordergrund zu stellen, wird in diesem Beitrag auch auf die Ebene der Tutorin bzw. des Tutors übertragen und es wird gezeigt, wie Forschendes Lernen auch auf dem Gebiet der Tutorierung greift. Ausgehend von der Analyse zweier Datensätze aus Dokumentationen von Praxiserkundungsprojekten (PEP) erkennt die Tutorin eine Abweichung von ihren Erwartungen in Bezug auf die Reflexionskompetenz der Teilnehmenden und verändert vor diesem Hintergrund ihre Vorgehensweise bei der Betreuung der Teilnehmenden in einem neuen Kurs des Fort- und WeiterbildungsprogrammsDeutsch Lehren Lernen. Im Beitrag werden die Resultate dieser veränderten Vorgehensweise vorgestellt.
Online survey on uterotomy closure techniques in caesarean section
Authors: Kaps Celine , Schwickert Alexander , Dimitrova Desislava , Nonnenmacher Andreas , Siedentopf Jan-Peter , Henrich Wolfgang , Braun Thorsten 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Uterine closure technique in caesarean section (CS) influences the rate of late complications in subsequent pregnancies. As no common recommendation on suture techniques exists, we developed a questionnaire to determine the techniques currently used and the frequencies of late complications.

Methods
The online questionnaire consisted of 13 questions and was sent to 648 obstetric hospitals (level I–IV) in Germany. Number of CS, rate of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC), the type of uterus suturing technique and the frequency of uterine dehiscences, ruptures and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) were queried. The answers were anonymous, and results were evaluated descriptively.

Results
The response rate was 24.7%. The mean CS rate was 27.3% (±6.2), the repeat CS rate 33.2% (±18.1). After CS, 46.2% (±20.2) women delivered vaginally. To close the uterotomy, 74.4% of hospitals used single layer continuous sutures, 16.3% single layer locked sutures, 3.8% interrupted sutures, 3.1% double layer continuous sutures and 2.5% used other suture techniques. The percentages of observed uterine dehiscences did not differ significantly between the different levels of care nor did the uterotomy suture techniques.

Conclusions
There is no uniform suturing technique in Germany. A detailed description of suture technique in surgery reports is required to evaluate complications in subsequent pregnancies. National online surveys on obstetric topics are feasible and facilitate the discussion on the need to define a standardized uterine closure technique for CS.
How a West African language becomes North African, and vice versa
Authors: Souag Lameen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUpdating the methodology of Hayward, Richard J. 1991. A propos patterns of lexicalization in the Ethiopian language area. In Daniela Mendel & Ulrike Claudi (eds.),Ägypten im afroorientalischen Kontext. Special issue of Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere, 139–156. Cologne: Institute of African Studies, using the concept of colexification (François, Alexandre. 2008. Semantic maps and the typology of colexification: Intertwining polysemous networks across languages. In Martine Vanhove (ed.),Studies in language companion series, vol. 106, 163–215. Amsterdam: John Benjamins), this paper, for the first time, provides quantitative evidence that the languages of the West African Sahel/Savanna form a lexical-typological language area characterised by shared colexifications absent further north. It then uses the linguistic comparative method to determine how languages entering or leaving this area, or coming into increasing contact with it at its edges, have converged with their new neighbours within the past millennium. The results indicate sharp differences in the respective roles and rates of borrowing and calquing, with the latter acting almost exclusively to increase shared colexifications.
Regional Innovation Profiles: A Comparative Empirical Study of Four Chinese Regions Based on Expert Knowledge
Authors: Liefner Ingo , Kroll Henning , Zeng Gang , Heindl Anna-Barbara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In emerging economies such as China, marked by profound regional disparities in terms of socio-economic wealth and technology, different regions use not only different levels of inputs into the innovation process, but also produce different outputs with qualitative diversity that is seldom sufficiently acknowledged. This paper uses structured expert interviews (AHP) to provide insights into the innovation profiles of four selected Chinese regions: Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and Kunming. It combines information on drivers of innovation as well as innovation characteristics and objectives to establish and compare regional innovation profiles.
Rationale of a lower dexamethasone dose in prenatal congenital adrenal hyperplasia therapy based on pharmacokinetic modelling
Authors: Stachanow Viktoria , Neumann Uta , Blankenstein Oliver , Fuhr Uwe , Huisinga Wilhelm , Michelet Robin , Reisch Nicole , Kloft Charlotte 
Published: July 2021

Context
Prenatal dexamethasone therapy is used in female foetuses with congenital adrenal hyperplasia to suppress androgen excess and prevent virilisation of the external genitalia. The traditional dexamethasone dose of 20 µg/kg/day has been used since decades without examination in clinical trials and is thus still considered experimental.

Objective
As the traditional dexamethasone dose potentially causes adverse effects in treated mothers and foetuses, we aimed to provide a rationale of a reduced dexamethasone dose in prenatal congenital adrenal hyperplasia therapy based on a pharmacokinetics-based modelling and simulation framework.

Methods
Based on a published dexamethasone dataset, a nonlinear mixed-effects model was developed describing maternal dexamethasone pharmacokinetics. In stochastic simulations (n = 1000), a typical pregnant population (n = 124) was split into two dosing arms receiving either the traditional 20 µg/kg/day dexamethasone dose or reduced doses between 5 and 10 µg/kg/day. Target maternal dexamethasone concentrations, identified from the literature, served as a threshold to be exceeded by 90% of mothers at a steady state to ensure foetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression.

Results
A two-compartment dexamethasone pharmacokinetic model was developed and subsequently evaluated to be fit for purpose. The simulations, including a sensitivity analysis regarding the assumed foetal:maternal dexamethasone concentration ratio, resulted in 7.5 µg/kg/day to be the minimum effective dose and thus our suggested dose.

Conclusions
We conclude that the traditional dexamethasone dose is three-fold higher than needed, possibly causing harm in treated foetuses and mothers. The clinical relevance and appropriateness of our recommended dose should be tested in a prospective clinical trial.