bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Octopus‐Type Crown‐Bisphthalocyaninate Anchor for Bottom‐Up Assembly of Supramolecular Bilayers with Expanded Redox‐Switching Capability
Authors: Shokurov Alexander V. , Yagodin Alexey V. , Martynov Alexander G. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Selektor Sofiya L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAchievement of information storage at molecular level remains a pressing task in miniaturization of computing technology. One of the promising approaches for its practical realization is development of nanoscale molecular switching materials including redox‐active systems. The present work demonstrates a concept of expansion of a number of available redox‐states of self‐assembled monolayers through supramolecular approach. For this, the authors synthesized an octopus‐like heteroleptic terbium(III) bisphthalocyaninate bearing one ligand with eight thioacetate‐terminated “tentacles” (octopus‐Pc) and a ligand with four crown‐ether moieties (H2[(15C5)4Pc]). It is shown that octopus‐Pc forms stable monolayers on gold, where its face‐on orientation allows for subsequent binding of crown‐phthalocyanine molecules via potassium ion bridges. This chemistry is utilized to form a heterogeneous bilayer, in which a single molecule thick adlayer brings an additional redox‐state to the system, thus expanding the multistability of the system as a whole. All four redox states available to this system exhibit characteristic absorbance in visible range, allowing for the switching to be easily read out using optical density measurements. The proposed approach can be used in wide range of switchable materials—single‐molecule magnets, conductive, and optical devices, etc.
Kranbahnen aus der Sicht des Kransachverständigen
Authors: Thoß Reiner 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWenn die Harmonie zwischen Kran und Kranbahn nicht stimmt, ist Gefahr in Verzug, zumindest so lange, bis man die Ursache der Störung kennt und entsprechend reagiert. Da geht es schnell um Leben und Gesundheit für die an der Anlage Beschäftigten. Kranstillstände führen darüber hinaus zu unabsehbaren wirtschaftlichen Folgen. Die Kranbahnen gaben immer wieder Anlass zu schwerwiegenden Beanstandungen. Oft musste der Kransachverständige die dringende Empfehlung zur Einstellung des Kranbetriebs oder gar nicht erst zur Aufnahme desselben geben. Der folgende Beitrag soll nun anhand reicher Erfahrungen diese Problematik untersetzen.
Review of European design provisions for buckling of aluminium members with longitudinal welds – part 3
Authors: Misiek Thomas , Norlin Bert , Gitter Reinhold , Höglund Torsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs part of the ongoing revision of the Eurocodes, design provisions in EN 1999‐1‐1 on the buckling of longitudinally welded aluminium compression members have been subjected to a critical review. The numerical investigations described in part 1 of the paper were conducted because a need for improvement was identified. In part 2 the main observations were presented qualitatively. Part 3, the final part of the paper, presents the statistical evaluation of the numerical investigations and the determination of the buckling curves. Two different approaches are conceivable for these buckling curves: conventional buckling curves with explicitly specified imperfection factor and plateau length parameters, and a modified Ayrton‐Perry approach with interpolated parameters. Both approaches are compared with the results of the numerical investigations and with test results.
Utility of a Novel Scale to Assess Readiness for Discharge After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Seip Richard L. , Lee Samantha , McLaughlin Tara , Staff Ilene , Nsereko Aloys , Thompson Stephen , Santana Connie , Tishler Darren S. , Papasavas Pavlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe safe release of a patient from hospital care after bariatric surgery depends upon the achievement of satisfactory health status. Here, we describe a new objective scale (the Readiness for Discharge, RFD Scale) to measure the patient's suitability for hospital discharge after bariatric surgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of data collected in a randomized clinical trial of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from 3/15/2018 to 1/12/2019. Nursing staff assessed 122 patients every 4–8 h after surgery using a checklist to document 5 components: ambulation, vital signs, pain, nausea, and oral intake of clear fluid. Satisfaction of each component was scored as “1” (satisfactory) or “0” (not satisfactory). Scores were summed and analyzed for patterns. RFD = 5 marked the patient as ready for discharge.ResultsSufficient intake of clear liquid was the last RFD component satisfied in 87% of patients. Two overall response patterns emerged: “Steady Progressors” (n = 51) whose RFD score rose steadily from 0 to 5 without reversion to a lower score; and “Oscillators” (n = 71) who had at least one temporary decrease in RFD score on the way to attaining 5, or showed a simultaneous oscillation of components without change in RFD.ConclusionsThe RFD checklist allows objective scoring of medical readiness for discharge after LSG and has the potential to improve clinical communication.
Validation of a two-layer depth-averaged model by comparison with an experimental dilute stratified pyroclastic density current
Authors: Shimizu Hiroyuki A. , Koyaguchi Takehiro , Suzuki Yujiro J. , Brosch Ermanno , Lube Gert , Cerminara Matteo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerical results of a two-layer depth-averaged model of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) were compared with an experimental PDC generated at the international eruption simulator facility (the Pyroclastic flow Eruption Large-scale Experiment (PELE)) to establish a minimal dynamical model of PDCs with stratification of particle concentrations. In the present two-layer model, the stratification in PDCs is modeled as a voluminous suspended-load layer with low particle volume fractions ($$\lesssim {10}^{-3})$$

≲

10

-
3

)

and a thin basal bed-load layer with higher particle volume fractions ($$\sim {10}^{-2}$$

∼

10

-
2

) on the basis of the source condition in the experiment. Numerical results for the suspended load quantitatively reproduce the time evolutions of the front position and flow thickness in the experimental PDC. The numerical results of the bed-load and deposit thicknesses depend on an assumed value of settling speed at the bottom of the bed load ($${W}_{\mathrm{sH}}$$

W
sH

). We show that the thicknesses of bed load and deposit in the simulations agree well with the experimental data, when $${W}_{\mathrm{sH}}$$

W
sH

is set to about $$1.25\times {10}^{-2}$$

1.25
×

10

-
2

m/s. This value of the settling speed is two orders of magnitude smaller than that predicted by a hindered-settling model. The small value of $${W}_{\mathrm{sH}}$$

W
sH

is considered to result from decreasing in the effective deposition speed due to the erosion process accompanied by saltating/rolling of particles at the bottom of the bed load.
Deep learning based decomposition for visual navigation in industrial platforms
Authors: Djenouri Youcef , Hatleskog Johan , Hjelmervik Jon , Bjorne Elias , Utstumo Trygve , Mobarhan Milad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the heavy asset industry, such as oil & gas, offshore personnel need to locate various equipment on the installation on a daily basis for inspection and maintenance purposes. However, locating equipment in such GPS denied environments is very time consuming due to the complexity of the environment and the large amount of equipment. To address this challenge we investigate an alternative approach to study the navigation problem based on visual imagery data instead of current ad-hoc methods where engineering drawings or large CAD models are used to find equipment. In particular, this paper investigates the combination of deep learning and decomposition for the image retrieval problem which is central for visual navigation. A convolutional neural network is first used to extract relevant features from the image database. The database is then decomposed into clusters of visually similar images, where several algorithms have been explored in order to make the clusters as independent as possible. The Bag-of-Words (BoW) approach is then applied on each cluster to build a vocabulary forest. During the searching process the vocabulary forest is exploited to find the most relevant images to the query image. To validate the usefulness of the proposed framework, intensive experiments have been carried out using both standard datasets and images from industrial environments. We show that the suggested approach outperforms the BoW-based image retrieval solutions, both in terms of computing time and accuracy. We also show the applicability of this approach on real industrial scenarios by applying the model on imagery data from offshore oil platforms.
Undetermined Choices, Luck and the Enhancement Problem
Authors: Elzein Nadine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIf indeterminism is to be necessary for moral responsibility, we must show that it doesn’t preclude responsibility (the Luck Problem) and that it might enhance it (the Enhancement Problem). A ‘strong luck claim’ motivates the Luck Problem: if an agent’s choice is undetermined, then her mental life will be causally irrelevant to her choice, whichever way she decides. A ‘weak luck claim’ motivates the Enhancement Problem: if an agent’s choice is undetermined, then even if her mental life is causally relevant to her choice, whichever way she decides, we cannot explain how shesettlesher choice. Only the weak luck claim is plausible. However, its plausibility depends on our accepting that we could only settle our choices if they are settled by additional exercises of agency. If we instead understand the process of settling decisions in procedural terms, we can begin to sketch a solution to the Enhancement Problem.
An auxiliary crack approach for efficient approximative crack tip loading analyses
Authors: Judt Paul O. , Ricoeur Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn efficient approach based on the path-independent interaction-integral (I-integral) is suggested for assessing the crack tip loading in elastic structures without having to geometrically model a physical crack. Exploiting just the elastic solution of the uncracked structure, theI-integral is adapted incorporating the closed formulation of crack tip stress and displacement fields of an auxiliary crack, which in this approach is interpreted as hypothetical physical crack. Different specimens and crack configurations are investigated, sparing the expensive numerical modeling of discontinuities, and stress intensity factors are assessed according to the auxiliary crack approach. Various results are verified based on classic crack tip loading analyses.
Individual hurricane evacuation intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights for risk communication and emergency management policies
Authors: Botzen W. J. Wouter , Mol Jantsje M. , Robinson Peter J. , Zhang Juan , Czajkowski Jeffrey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe U.S. 2020 hurricane season was extraordinary because of a record number of named storms coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study draws lessons on how individual hurricane preparedness is influenced by the additional risk stemming from a pandemic, which turns out to be a combination of perceptions of flood and pandemic risks that have opposite effects on preparedness behavior. We conducted a survey in early June 2020 of 600 respondents in flood-prone areas in Florida to obtain insights into households’ risk perceptions and preparedness for the upcoming hurricane season under COVID-19. The results show that concerns over COVID-19 dominated flood risk perceptions and negatively impacted people’s evacuation intentions. Whereas hotel costs were the main obstacle to evacuating during Hurricane Dorian in 2019 in the same geographic study area, the main evacuation obstacle identified in the 2020 hurricane season is COVID-19. Our statistical analyses investigating the factors influencing evacuation intentions show that older individuals are less likely to evacuate under a voluntary order, because they are more concerned about the consequences of becoming infected by COVID-19. We observe similar findings based on a real-time survey we conducted in Florida with another group of respondents under the threat of Hurricane Eta at the end of the hurricane season in November 2020. We discuss the implications of our findings for risk communication and emergency management policies that aim to improve hurricane preparedness when dealing with additional health risks such as a pandemic, a situation that may be exacerbated under the future climate.
Narratives in power and policy design: the case of border management and external migration controls in Italy
Authors: Terlizzi Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between policy narratives and the design of the Italian border management and external migration control regime in the last two decades. First, drawing from the theory of social construction and policy design and through a qualitative application of the Narrative Policy Framework, the article traces the evolution of narratives developed by key actors in government. Second, it investigates the design of the Italian externalization policy. Empirical material is drawn from government documents and decision-makers’ parliamentary interventions, press conferences, speeches, newspaper interviews and op-eds. The evidence shows that the dominant narratives have remained constant over time. Humanitarian rhetoric has been mobilized to justify and legitimize the implementation of security measures through bilateral agreements signed with African countries. The implications of such a design are relevant in that it poses serious concerns in terms of respect for migrants’ human rights. Overall, the article offers new insights into the empirical investigation of policy narratives and sheds light on the role of narratives in the social construction of migration policy design.
Inequality of Opportunity in Tertiary Education: Evidence from Europe
Authors: Palmisano Flaviana , Biagi Federico , Peragine Vito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study provides comparable lower-bound estimates of inequality of opportunity for tertiary education (EIOp) for 31 countries in Europe, by using the two EU-SILC waves for which information on family background is available (2005 and 2011). The results reveal an important degree of heterogeneity, with Northern European countries showing low levels of inequality of opportunity and Mediterranean and Eastern European countries characterized by significant degrees of unfair educational inequalities. Parental education and occupation are the most relevant circumstances in the great majority of the countries considered. This study also exploits the two point-in-time observations available and analyses the relationship between some country-specific characteristics and inequality of opportunity in tertiary education. The analysis documents a negative association between EIOp and real GDP per capita, possibly indicating that higher equality of opportunity in tertiary education and economic growth are complementary objectives. Two results emerge as especially robust: in all the specifications we find a positive association between EIOp and the students/teacher ratio, and a negative one between EIOp and public spending in tertiary education. While we do not claim that such correlations should be interpreted causally, we think that they might indicate a meaningful underlying relationship between equality of opportunity in tertiary education and the availability of financial and non-financial resources.
In defence of constitutive rules
Authors: Roversi Corrado 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the notion of constitutive rule has played an important role in the metaphysical debate in social and legal philosophy, several authors perceive it as somewhat mysterious and ambiguous: the idea of a specific kind of rules that are supposed to be “magically” constitutive of reality seems suspicious, more a rationalistic fiction than a genuine explanation. For these reasons, reductionist approaches have been put forward to deflate the explanatory role of this notion. In this paper, I will instead try to defend constitutive rules. My thesis is that the notion of constitutive rule is explanatorily helpful because it gives a complete account of an important phenomenon in the social and legal domain, namely, that of artifactual entities endowed with statuses that can have emergent normative properties. Conceiving of these entities as rule-constituted artifacts is an important part of what H. L. A. Hart called “the internal point of view” toward law, and for this reason constitutive rules should be included in an explanation of that point of view as an integral part of the life of institutions. The structure of my argument will be as follows. First, I will provide an example of an important phenomenon in the internal point of view, namely, the fact that individuals can have normative reactions not about the specific regulation of an institution but about its underlying purpose and rationale—what in the legal domain is called the ratio of a norm. Then I will identify two reductionistic approaches on constitutive rules. The first approach is exemplified by Brian Epstein’s idea that the phenomena explained by constitutive rules are better explained in terms of metaphysical (grounding/anchoring) relations. The second kind of reductionism is instead exemplified by the idea (held by several authors, among whom Alf Ross, Riccardo Guastini, Frank Hindriks, and Francesco Guala) that the phenomena explained by constitutive rules can be accounted for in terms of regulative rules plus a certain terminology. I will try to show that neither of these approaches can explain normative reactions to theratioof an institution from an internal point of view: While the first cannot explain the fact that the reaction is strongly normative, the second cannot explain the fact that the reaction is about theratioof a normative entity. Constitutive rules can instead explain both things and should be preserved as an important notion for the analysis of institutional ontology. By way of constitutive rules we create something: immaterial, rule-based institutional artifacts that can have emergent normative properties.
Characterisation of autophagy disruption in the ileum of pigs infected with Lawsonia intracellularis
Authors: Salvesen Hamish A. , Sargison Fiona A. , Archibald Alan L. , Ait-Ali Tahar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is the aetiological agent of proliferative enteropathy, an enteric disease endemic in swine. Survival in its intracellular niche of the ileum epithelial lining requires the capacity to subvert, repress or exploit the host immune response to create an environment conducive to bacterial propagation. To better understand how L. intracellularis survives in its intracellular niche, we have performed an investigation into the dynamic relationship between infection and the host autophagy response by immunohistochemistry in experimentally infected porcine ileum samples.Beclin1, a protein required early in the autophagy pathway was observed to be distributed with a basal to apical concentration gradient in the crypts of healthy piglets, whilst infected piglets were observed to have no gradient of distribution and an increase in the presence of Beclin1 in crypts with histological characteristics of L. intracellularis residence. Detecting microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is used as a method for monitoring autophagy progression as it associates with mature autophagosomes. For LC3 there was no notable change in signal intensity between crypts with characteristic L. intracellularis infection and healthy crypts of uninfected pigs. Finally, as p62 is degraded with the internal substrate of an autophagosome it was used to measure autophagic flux. There was no observed reduction or redistribution of p62.These preliminary results of the autophagy response in the ileum suggest that L. intracellularis affects autophagy. This disruption to host ileum homeostasis may provide a mechanism that assists in bacterial propagation and contributes to pathogenesis.
Towards the Optimization of Post-Laser Powder Bed Fusion Stress-Relieve Treatments of Stainless Steel 316L
Authors: Sprengel M. , Ulbricht A. , Evans A. , Kromm A. , Sommer K. , Werner T. , Kelleher J. , Bruno G. , Kannengiesser T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of post-processing heat treatments is often considered a necessary approach to relax high-magnitude residual stresses (RS) formed during the layerwise additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this work, three heat treatment strategies using temperatures of 450 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C are applied to austenitic stainless steel 316L samples manufactured by LPBF. These temperatures encompass the suggested lower and upper bounds of heat treatment temperatures of conventionally processed 316L. The relaxation of the RS is characterized by neutron diffraction (ND), and the associated changes of the microstructure are analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower bound heat treatment variant of 450 °C for 4 hours exhibited high tensile and compressive RS. When applying subsequent heat treatments, we show that stress gradients are still observed after applying 800 °C for 1 hour but almost completely vanish when applying 900 °C for 1 hour. The observed near complete relaxation of the RS appears to be closely related to the evolution of the characteristic subgrain solidification cellular microstructure.
Two Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs) with Very High Proliferation and TP53 Mutation — High-Grade PitNET or PitNEC?
Authors: Saeger Wolfgang , Mawrin Christian , Meinhardt Matthias , Wefers Annika K. , Jacobsen Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report two pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) with very high Ki67 labeling indices, many mitoses and TP53 mutation (nearly all tumor cell nuclei were positive for p53). One of the tumors had bone and liver metastases. One was a corticotroph cell tumor; the other was a lactotroph tumor. The classification of these tumors is the subject of this discussion. Traditionally, pituitary carcinomas are only diagnosed by demonstration of metastases according to the 2017 WHO classification. In contrast, neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas are classified as either well differentiated NETs that are graded as G1, G2, and G3 based on proliferation as determined by Ki67 indices of ≤ 3, 3–20 and > 20%, and/or < 2, 2–20, and > 20 mitoses per 10 high-power field respectively, or as neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) that are poorly differentiated neoplasms with mitoses > 20/HPF and/or a Ki67 index > 20%. With the reclassificiation of PitNETs, in our opinion, the adequate term for the well-differentiated corticotroph tumor that we report is a PitNET G3, whereas the undifferentiated prolactin tumor should be classified as PitNEC. This report expands the spectrum of pituitary neuroendocrine neoplasms.