bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge Transfer Metal‐Organic Framework Containing Redox‐Active TTF/NDI Units for Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Yan Tong , Li Yu‐Yang , Su Jian , Wang Hai‐Ying , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of new inorganic‐organic hybrid crystal materials, could have important applications in near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion. Herein, a new charge‐transfer MOF (Co‐MOF) with mixed ligands of H4TTFTB and bpmNDI incorporating redox‐active tetrathiafulvalene/naphthalene diimide (TTF/NDI) units into one system is reported. Due to the presence of TTF/NDI oxidative and reductive couples, stable radicals can be observed in the MOF. In addition, charge transfer from the electron donor (TTF) to the acceptor (NDI) results in a broad absorption in the NIR region. The Co‐MOF exhibited an efficient photothermal effect induced by irradiation with a NIR laser. Under the 808 nm laser (0.7 W cm−2) illumination, the temperature of the Co‐MOF increased from room temperature to 201 °C in only 10 s. Furthermore, a series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films doped with trace amounts of Co‐MOF showed efficient NIR photothermal conversion. When a Co‐MOF@PDMS (0.6 wt %) film is irradiated by 808 nm laser with power of 0.5 W cm−2, it′s temperature can reach a plateau at 62 °C from 20 °C within 100 s. Our experimental results from the Co‐MOF@PDMS film demonstrate that the effectiveness and feasibility of the material is promising for photothermal applications.
Colonic epithelial cathelicidin (LL‐37) expression intensity is associated with progression of colorectal cancer and presence of CD8+ T cell infiltrate
Authors: Porter Ross J , Murray Graeme I , Alnabulsi Abdo , Humphries Matthew P , James Jacqueline A , Salto‐Tellez Manuel , Craig Stephanie G , Wang Ji M , Yoshimura Teizo , McLean Mairi H 
Published: May 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality. Here, we define the colonic epithelial expression of cathelicidin (LL‐37) in CRC. Cathelicidin exerts pleotropic effects including anti‐microbial and immunoregulatory functions. Genetic knockout of cathelicidin led to increased size and number of colorectal tumours in the azoxymethane‐induced murine model of CRC. We aimed to translate this to human disease. The expression of LL‐37 in a large (n = 650) fully characterised cohort of treatment‐naïve primary human colorectal tumours and 50 matched normal mucosa samples with associated clinical and pathological data (patient age, gender, tumour site, tumour stage [UICC], presence or absence of extra‐mural vascular invasion, tumour differentiation, mismatch repair protein status, and survival to 18 years) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The biological consequences of LL‐37 expression on the epithelial barrier and immune cell phenotype were assessed using targeted quantitative PCR gene expression of epithelial permeability (CLDN2, CLDN4, OCLN, CDH1, and TJP1) and cytokine (IL‐1β, IL‐18, IL‐33, IL‐10, IL‐22, and IL‐27) genes in a human colon organoid model, and CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte phenotyping by immunohistochemistry, respectively. Our data reveal that loss of cathelicidin is associated with human CRC progression, with a switch in expression intensity an early feature of CRC. LL‐37 expression intensity is associated with CD8+ T cell infiltrate, influenced by tumour characteristics including mismatch repair protein status. There was no effect on epithelial barrier gene expression. These data offer novel insights into the contribution of LL‐37 to the pathogenesis of CRC and as a therapeutic molecule.
Dispersed dummy selection approach for location‐based services to preempt user‐profiling
Authors: Manju Anamala Balaji , Sumathy Subramanian 
Published: May 2021

SummaryLocation‐based services (LBS) provide specific personalized services based on the location information provided by the user. Disclosing the users' private data is a challenging issue prevailing in LBS. Users become victims of online user‐profile disclosure risks when they continuously utilize the services and attempt to disclose private data. The proposed dispersed dummy selection‐based approaches such as dispersed dummy selection including actual location (DDSIA) and dispersed dummy selection excluding actual location (DDSEA) avert user‐profiling issue. The dummy locations are chosen based on the auxiliary information of the location, user, and physical dispersion. The auxiliary information about the location is fetched from the local fog servers, and auxiliary information about the user is stored and retrieved from the cloud storage. An anonymous circular area is considered to ensure the dummy locations are dispersed, and the user‐location correlations get dissipated. The detailed analysis of the proposed approaches is explored with the real‐world map data, and its effectiveness is verified with simulations using Matlab. In addition, the qualitative analysis tests the resistance of the dummies against human observations. The results obtained substantiate that the proposed approaches are efficient in terms of dispersion degree and resistance to human observations that avert user profiling.
Is the postoperative discomfort after connective tissue harvesting from the palate influenced by the use of a bipolar coagulator? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tirone Federico , Salzano Stefano , Panuello Paola , Pozzatti Laura , Rodi Donata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of the use of a bipolar coagulator on postoperative pain and complications when used during connective tissue harvesting from the palate.Material and methodsA randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 57 sequential patients requiring a connective tissue graft for periodontal or implant surgery. All samples were harvested superficially and de‐epithelized outside the mouth. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: in one group, the bipolar coagulator was used before suturing to control bleeding, and in the other group, the coagulator was not used. The surgeon was unaware of the randomization until the end of the harvesting phase. Self‐reported maximum pain, number of painkillers used, bleeding events, emergency visits at the clinic were recorded 7 days after surgery.ResultsFifty patients were randomized and treated (seven were excluded for different reasons). The mean harvested area was 75.24 mm2 (SD, 33.96), and the mean thickness of the samples was 2.47 mm (SD, 0.75). The mean self‐reported pain value on the visual analog scale was 3.37 (SD, 2.30), and the mean number of pain medications used was 7.1 (SD, 6.60). Seven patients made an emergency visit each, and 17 delayed bleeding events were reported by 15 patients. No statistically significant differences were reported in postoperative pain, postoperative bleeding, and emergency visit to the clinic between the groups that did and did not use the bipolar coagulator. When smoking habits were taken into consideration, the number of pain medications was higher among male smokers and older smokers than among male non‐smokers and younger smokers. This study was not able to find a relationship between harvested sample dimension or thickness and postoperative discomfort.ConclusionsThe bipolar coagulator can be used during connective tissue harvesting from the palate to control bleeding without influencing postoperative pain.
Exchange fluid model derived from quantum kinetic theory for plasmas
Authors: Haas Fernando 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStarting from quantum kinetic theory for ideal plasmas with exchange effects, the quantum hydrodynamic equations are derived from taking moments of the corresponding exchange‐Vlasov equation. The case of an electron‐ion plasma where ions are entirely classical is considered. The linear dispersion relation for ion‐acoustic waves is found from the macroscopic equations and compared with exchange quantum kinetic theory, yielding a qualitative agreement apart from a numerical factor of order one in the exchange contribution, assuming a Maxwellian background as a first step, for analytical simplicity. The validity conditions of the treatment are discussed and exchange effects are shown to be necessarily a correction, within the ideal and long wavelength approximations.
Quintuple parasitism of a great reed warbler nest by common cuckoos
Authors: Marton Attila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple parasitism in obligate avian brood parasites occurs when several brood parasitic females lay their eggs in the nest of the same host. While multiple parasitism is common in the highly social, nonevicting cowbird species (Molothrus sp.), in which multiple parasitic nestlings can be raised simultaneously by the same hosts, it is less common in the case of cuckoo species (Cuculus sp.). The first cuckoo nestling to hatch from the egg evicts all nestmates; therefore, it is costly for cuckoo females to lay eggs in already parasitized nests. However, this can occur in sites with very high parasitism rates, and it can even increase the breeding success of the brood parasites, as the presence of multiple parasitic eggs in the nest of the host decreases rejection rates. Here, we present a case of a quintuple brood parasitism of a great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) nest, an extreme form of multiple brood parasitism.
Integrating counts, telemetry, and non‐invasive DNA data to improve demographic monitoring of an endangered species
Authors: Moeller Anna K. , Nowak J. Joshua , Neufeld Lalenia , Bradley Mark , Manseau Micheline , Wilson Paul , McFarlane Samantha , Lukacs Paul M. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPopulation monitoring can take many different forms, and monitoring elusive and endangered species frequently involves a variety of sparse data from different sources. Small populations are often hard to sample precisely and without bias, so when estimates of vital rates like survival or recruitment point to conflicting population trends, it can be hard to determine which is more correct. Furthermore, data can be extremely hard to collect on small populations and it can be helpful to find a way to use all available hard‐won data. To address these issues, we developed an integrated population model (IPM) using all available data to estimate vital rates and abundance for a case study of an endangered woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) population. This IPM allowed us to incorporate data from juvenile recruitment surveys, telemetry‐based survival, aerial population counts and mark–resight data, and non‐invasive capture–recapture DNA data to better understand population status and trend. We estimated survival, abundance, and recruitment of four age classes of male and female caribou: young, juveniles, subadults, and adults. The four‐age class structure of the IPM allowed us to estimate recruitment from reproductive‐aged female caribou alone, even though it can be difficult to distinguish age classes—and even sexes—in the field. As part of our IPM, we developed a novel mixture model to break apart data from different age classes when age is unobservable, as it typically is from non‐invasive DNA samples. This helped us decrease bias in juvenile and adult survival estimates from scat data, which was important to our understanding of the population dynamics. Overall, our integrated model provided more precise estimates of population trends than any one method (e.g., telemetry or non‐invasive DNA) alone. This IPM provides a useful, flexible tool for biologists to monitor populations and provides a valuable example of the benefits of integrated population modeling approaches for endangered species management and recovery.
Long live the data! Embedded data management at a long‐term ecological research site
Authors: Kaplan Nicole E. , Baker Karen S. , Karasti Helena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOpen‐access data associated with research efforts depend upon managing, packaging, and preserving data for sharing with collaborators and the public. The U.S. Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network, established in 1980, provides an early example of embedded data management supporting long‐term, place‐based research and contributes to our understanding of the enactment of open data access within scientific research arenas. Here, we examine collective data activities enabled by embedding data management within the Shortgrass Steppe (SGS) research site. Study of the SGS LTER, a member of the U.S. LTER Network for more than three decades, provided a unique opportunity to investigate data management practices and challenges during the life cycle of a long‐term project. It illustrates how a continuous, uninterrupted focus on data management positioned in dynamic interaction with researchers at a site as well as with an active network‐wide data management committee can stimulate the growth of both data expertise and data infrastructure. We report on an ethnographic study by a collaborative team of researchers, all having been involved with the LTER network and well‐positioned for investigating data management challenges faced during the periods of activation, maturation, and decommissioning of a project at a research site. Termination of the SGS site's membership in the U.S. LTER Network prompted rethinking about long‐term data management. During the decommissioning phase, we document how views on temporality and data management strategies shift from planning for a longitudinal, ongoing site to wrapping up a long‐term project. Striving to ensure “long live the data” at the end, novel data arrangements, such as development of a digital legacy project collection, contribute to data stewardship. Lastly, from this study of a long‐term research site, we offer five recommendations about data management and describe strategies pertinent to planning for data management and open access for other research projects.
Pain referral area is reduced by remote pain
Authors: Palsson Thorvaldur S. , Doménech‐García Victor , Boudreau Shellie S. , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms are known to reduce pain intensity, but whether they influence the size and distribution of pain referral is unclear. This study aimed to determine if referred pain is reduced by applying a remote, conditioning painful stimulus.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy men participated in this randomized, crossover study with a control and conditioning session. Referred pain was induced from the infraspinatus muscle (dominant side) by a painful pressure for 60 s. When applying pressure, the intensity was adjusted to a local pain intensity of 7/10 on a numerical rating scale. In the conditioning session, tonic painful pressure was simultaneously applied to the non‐dominant leg during induction of referred pain. The area of referred pain was drawn onto a digital body chart and size extracted for data analysis.ResultsFor the total group and in a subgroup with distinct patterns of referred pain (n = 15/24), the pain area perceived in the back and front+back was smaller during the conditioning compared with the control (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between sessions in a subgroup only demonstrating local pain (n = 9/24).ConclusionsEngaging the descending noxious inhibitory control reduced the size of pain areas predominately when distinct pain referral was present. Assuming a conditioning effect of descending inhibitory control acting on dorsal horn neurons, these findings may indicate that mechanisms underlying pain referral can be modulated by endogenous control. The findings may indicate that referred pain may be a useful proxy to evaluate sensitivity of central pain mechanisms as previously suggested.SignificanceThe current results indicate a link between endogenous inhibition and pain referral. Descending inhibitory control effects on pain referral support a spinal mechanism involved in pain referral. Future studies should investigate whether the spatial characteristics of referred pain (e.g. size, frequency of affected body regions and distribution away from the primary nociceptive stimulus) can useful to evaluate the efficiency of endogenous pain modulation.
Analyzing the frequency dynamics of volatility spillovers across precious and industrial metal markets
Authors: Liu Tangyong , Gong Xu , Lin Boqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the volatility spillovers across precious and industrial metal markets over the period 1993–2019 based on the DY and ​BK methods. Results are summarized as follows: (1) while volatility spillovers across industrial metals are higher than across precious metals, the opposite occurs during crisis periods where precious metals cause net volatility spillovers to industrial metals; (2) volatility spillovers of the two metal groups show different dynamics in the short‐, medium‐ and long‐term components, especially in the short‐ and medium‐term components.
Sarcomas with sclerotic epithelioid phenotype harboring novel EWSR1‐SSX1 fusions
Authors: Antonescu Cristina R. , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Xie Ziyu , Zhang Lei , Perell Katharina Anne , Loya Anand C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUndifferentiated sarcomas remain difficult to classify. Despite the remarkable advances in sarcoma classification made by the increased application of RNA sequencing in clinical practice, the unexpected result of a novel gene fusion raises further questions regarding the tumor histogenesis and subclassification. In this study, we present two high grade sarcomas with epithelioid phenotype occurring in the deep‐soft tissues (shoulder, thigh) of young adults which based on the non‐specific pathologic findings were deemed unclassified and subjected to targeted RNA sequencing for further diagnostic interpretation. The results showed an identical EWSR1 exon 7‐SSX1 exon 5 fusion. The breakpoints in both genes represent similar hot spots as seen in Ewing sarcoma and synovial sarcoma, generating a fusion transcript predicted to be in frame, and to retain the same protein domains within the fusion oncoprotein. These results were further confirmed by FISH analysis for both break‐apart and fusion come‐together assays in both genes. Both tumors showed a round to epithelioid morphology associated with extensive stromal hyalinization and necrosis. One case showed scattered psammomatous calcifications. The tumors shared a similar immunoprofile, including reactivity for EMA, CK, TLE1, BCOR, and CD99, while negative for S100, SOX10, CD34, SMA, and desmin. Both cases showed MUC4 positivity (one diffuse, one patchy), while one case showed patchy ALK positivity. One patient developed lymph node metastases, while the other showed no evidence of disease at 6‐month follow‐up. Neither case fit in any known pathologic categories. Larger series are needed to interrogate if the presence of EWSR1‐SSX1 fusion defines a novel pathologic entity of a sarcoma with epithelioid cytomorphology, sclerotic stroma, and epithelial differentiation immunohistochemically.
Effect of low‐level roadway tunneling on gas drainage for underlying coal seam mining: Numerical analysis and field application
Authors: Xu Chao , Sun Haoshi , Wang Kai , Qin Liangliang , Guo Chaofei , Wen Zhijie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoalbed methane (CBM), which is extremely rich in deep coal reserves in China, is not only the material cause of gas explosion and coal‐gas outburst disasters but also a clean and environmentally friendly energy source. Gas drainage must be carried out during deep coal mining to avoid gas accidents while obtaining clean energy. The low‐level roadway is an effective gas drainage measure for coal seams with high coal‐gas outburst risk and low‐permeability, and it can simultaneously realize the functions of gas drainage before and during mining. Roadway tunneling has a strong influence on the stress and permeability properties of the adjusted coal seams, and further determines the gas drainage efficiency and the layout of the air‐return roadway. Taking the Pingshu Coal Mine as an example, this paper analyzes the influence of the vertical distance between the low‐level roadway and the underlying coal seam, and the influence of the width and height of the low‐level roadway on the stress relief and deformation characteristics. The results indicate that the low‐level roadway tunneling results in a nonuniform stress disturbance of coal seam #15. And a reasonable layout and size parameters of the air‐return roadway in coal seam #15 were proposed based on which gas drainage practices were carried out with good effects in panel #15211. The research can effectively guide the elimination of coal and gas outburst in return air roadway, and achieve the purpose of safe and rapid tunneling coal roadway under the environment of highly‐gassy coal seam. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hydropedological approach to simulate streamflow and soil water contents with SWAT+
Authors: van Tol Johan , Bieger Katrin , Arnold Jeffrey G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReflecting internal catchment hydrological processes in hydrological models is important for accurate predictions of the impact of climate and land‐use change on water resources. Characterizing these processes is however difficult and expensive due to their dynamic nature and spatio‐temporal variability. Hydropedology is a relatively new discipline focusing on the synergistic integration of hydrology, soil physics and pedology. Hydropedological interpretations of soils and soil distribution can be used to characterize key hydrological processes, especially in areas with no or limited hydrometric measurements. Here we applied a hydropedological approach to reflect flowpaths through detailed routing in SWAT+ for a 157 ha catchment (Weatherley) in South Africa. We compared the hydropedological approach and a standard (no routing) approach against measured streamflow (two weirs) and soil water contents (13 locations). The catchment was treated as ‘ungauged’ and the model was not calibrated against hydrometric measurements in order to determine the direct contribution of hydropedology on modelling efficiency. Streamflow was predicted well without calibration (NSE > 0.8; R2 > 0.82) for both approaches at both weirs. The standard approach yielded slightly better streamflow predictions. The hydropedological approach resulted in considerable improvements in the simulation of soil water contents (R2 increased from 0.40 to 0.49 and PBIAS decreased from 40% to 20%). The routing capacity of SWAT+ as employed in the hydropedological approach reduced the underestimation of wetland water regimes drastically and resulted in a more accurate representation of the dominant hydrological processes in this catchment. We concluded that hydropedology can be a valuable source of ‘soft data’ to reflect internal catchment structure and processes and, potentially, for realistic calibrations in other studies, especially those conducted in areas with limited hydrometric measurements.