bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Dysphonia in Children with Adenotonsillar Problems and the Impact of Surgery on Voice
Authors: Lee Joong Seob , Keum Bo‐Ram , Kim Ju Eun , Park Il‐Seok , Kim Heejin 
Published: March 2021

Objective/HypothesisAdenotonsillar problems might affect the voices of patients with pediatric dysphonia, which is very common. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dysphonia in patients with adenotonsillar problems and to demonstrate the impact of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T & A) on their voice postoperatively.Study DesignSingle‐institution retrospective study.MethodsSubjects were recruited from those children admitted for the purpose of T & A, and all underwent the auditory‐perceptual assessment by speech therapists preoperatively. If children demonstrated scores >2 in the G parameter, we performed subjective (pediatric voice handicap index [pVHI], severity, talkativeness scale) and objective (Multi‐Dimensional Voice Program) voice analyses preoperatively and 1 and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsAmong the 1,197 patients, 91 (7.6%) patients showed dysphonia with a score >2 in the G parameter preoperatively. The follow‐up voice analysis was completed in 51 and 22 patients after 1 and 3 months, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in the amount of speech preoperatively and postoperatively, the average visual analog scale score for dysphonia severity was significantly decreased at postoperative 1 month and postoperative 3 months. The average total pVHI score, jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, and soft phonation index were significantly decreased at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Subjective scores given by parents did not correlate with the acoustic parameters; however, the postoperative subjective parameters were significantly correlated with objective parameters.ConclusionsVoice problems were significantly improved after T & A in the short term and long term. In those with pediatric dysphonia, decreased mouth breathing and compliance with vocal hygiene would be helpful for voice improvement.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2369–2375, 2021
Optimizing Location of Subdermal Recording Electrodes for Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring
Authors: Li Lieber Po‐Hung , Chen Joshua Kuang‐Chao , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine if different facial muscle groups demonstrate different responses to facial nerve stimulation, the results of which could potentially improve intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IOFNM).MethodsIOFNM data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing cochlear implantation. At different stages of nerve exposure, three sites were stimulated using a monopolar pulse. Peak electromyography (EMG) amplitude (μV) in four muscle groups innervated by four different branches of the facial nerve (frontalis‐temporal, inferior orbicularis oculi‐zygomatic, superior oribularis oris‐buccal, and mentalis‐marginal mandibular) were recorded.ResultsA total of 279 peak EMG amplitudes were recorded in 93 patients. At all three stimulating sites, the zygomatic branch mean peak EMG amplitudes were statistically greater than those of the temporal, buccal, and marginal mandibular branches (P < .05). At stimulating Site C, the marginal mandibular branch mean peak EMG was stronger than the temporal or buccal branches (P < .05). Of the 279 stimulations, the zygomatic branch demonstrated the highest amplitude in 128 (45.9%) trials, followed by the marginal mandibular branch (22.2%).ConclusionsWhen utilized, IOFNM should be performed with at least two electrodes, one of which is placed in the orbicularis oculi muscles and the other in the mentalis muscle. However, there is wide variability between patients. As such, in cases of suspected variant nerve anatomy or increased risk of injury (intradural procedures), surgeons should consider using more than two recording electrodes, with at least one in the orbicularis oculi muscle.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2329–E2334, 2021
Fabrication and properties of the superhydrophobic ceria‐based composite coating on magnesium alloy
Authors: Yuan Jing , Yuan Rui , Li Pei , Mao Duolu , Feng Tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA superhydrophobic ceria‐based composite coating is developed to improve anticorrosion properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy, fabricating via chemical conversion method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The cerium conversion coating has a block structure with microcracks. After the hydrothermal treatment, a dense CeO2 layer, porous CeO2 nanorods, and stearic absorbing layers are grown stepwise on the conversion coating. And the composite coating is hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic and has almost no microcracks. As the hydrothermal reaction time increases, the water contact angle of the composite coating first increases and then decreases, and it reaches the maximum value of 152° after hydrothermal treatment for 4 h. Both the dense CeO2 layer and the superhydrophobic stearic absorbing layer can effectively prevent the electrolyte from contacting the substrate; the corrosion current density of the superhydrophobic composite coating is lower than that of the hydrophilic composite coating and the cerium conversion coating, and has the best corrosion resistance.
Effect of Host–Guest Complexation on the Thermoresponsive Behavior of Poly(oligo ethylene glycol acrylate)s Functionalized with Dialkoxynapththalene Guest Side Chains
Authors: Ryskulova Kanykei , Hou Zhanyao , Woisel Patrice , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe combination of thermoresponsive polymers with supramolecular host–guest interactions enables accurate tuning of the phase transition temperature, while also providing additional response mechanisms based on host–guest complexation. Most studies focused on a single thermoresponsive polymer to demonstrate the effect of host–guest complexation on the responsive behavior. In this work, the effect of the polymer structure on the host–guest complexation and thermoresponsive behavior is reported. Therefore, different poly(oligoethylene glycol acrylate)s, namely, poly(2‐hydroxyethylacrylate) (PHEA), poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate), poly(methoxy triethylene glycol acrylate), and poly(methoxy tetraethylene glycol acrylate), are synthesized functionalized with 1,5‐dialkoxynaphthalene guest molecules in the side chain. Their complexation with the cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) tetrachloride host is studied to understand the effect of polymer structure on the supramolecular association and the polymer phase transition, revealing that the oligoethylene glycol side chains lead to weaker host–guest complexation and also have a smaller increase in the cloud point temperature compared to PHEA.
Global and communicative development skills in preschool children with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Jurado Mayalle Rocha Bonfim , Cavalheiro Maria Gabriela , de Castro Corrêa Camila , Whitaker Melina Evangelista , de Vasconcelos Hage Simone Rocha , Lamônica Dionísia Aparecida Cusin , Maximino Luciana Paula 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceCleft lip and palate (CLP) is globally among the most common childhood malformations. This disorder impacts childhood development, including speech and language, and affects children worldwide.ObjectiveTo analyze child development skills (adaptive fine motor, gross motor, personal‐social, and language) in preschool children with isolated CLP compared with children without this malformation.MethodsThe participants included an experimental group of 27 children with isolated CLP and a comparison group of 27 children without CLP aged between 48 and 59 months. The groups were evaluated using two instruments: the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST‐II) and the Avaliação do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem (ADL‐Language Development Assessment). Data were analyzed by descriptive and inductive analyses, using the Student’s t‐test and the Mann‐Whitney test, at a significance level of P ˂ 0.05.ResultsAll children in the comparison group performed within normal standards for their age range in the DDST‐II and the ADL. The worst performance in the experimental group was observed in language skills, followed, in declining order, by adaptive fine motor, personal‐social, and gross motor as measured by the DDST‐II. Children with isolated CLP also performed poorly in receptive, expressive, and global language in the ADL. No statistically significant differences were observed in the experimental group’s scores for the ADL and the DDST‐II.InterpretationDevelopmental skill levels were below expectations for children of this age with isolated CLP.
Perioperative outcomes of the first five cases of surgeries for endometrial endometrioid cancer using the new integrated table motion for da Vinci Xi®
Authors: Panattoni Andrea , Giannini Andrea , Morganti Riccardo , Mannella Paolo , Perutelli Alessandra , Cela Vito , Simoncini Tommaso 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility of integrated table motion (ITM), comparing perioperative outcomes of patients with diagnosed endometrial endometrioid cancer who underwent total robotic hysterectomies (TRHs) and case‐related staging procedures with and without ITM.MethodsFive patients underwent surgery with da Vinci Xi system and ITM technology. ITM feasibility, efficacy and safety was compared with a second group of 56 patients, reduced to 10 with propensity score method, who underwent same procedures with da Vinci Xi System without ITM system.ResultsWe report safety of robotic surgery with new ITM even in a preliminary experience of oncologic procedures. No significance in any analysed data between groups TRH with ITM and TRH without ITM are described.ConclusionThis preliminary study demonstrated the feasibility of ITM in performing da Vinci Xi TRH even in the first cases of surgery for malignancy such as early stage endometrial endometrioid cancer.
Copper Catalyzed Decarboxylative Functionalization of Ketoacids
Authors: Quintard Adrien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelective copper catalyzed activation of ketoacids and notably bio‐sourced 1,3‐acetonedicarboxylic acid, represents an attractive strategy to solve key synthetic challenges. Condensation with aldehydes under exceedingly mild conditions can create more rapidly known natural products scaffolds such as 1,3 polyols. In this account, the recent progress in this field, notably through multicatalytic combination with organocatalysis is described. In addition to the rapid preparation of natural product fragments, cascade incorporation of fluorine also provided new type of synthetic analogues of improved properties in a broad range of applications.
Feasibility of heart girth models in estimating live weight of fat‐long‐tailed sheep
Authors: Wamatu Jane , Alkhtib Ashraf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFat deposition in the brisket of Ethiopian fat‐long‐tailed sheep may interfere with the correlation between heart girth (HG) and live weight (LW), bringing into question the accuracy of HG models for LW prediction that are currently in use. This study assessed the accuracy of published HG‐based prediction models of the live weight of Ethiopian sheep breeds. Furthermore, the study identified accurate and robust models that predict the LW of the sheep using HG. Live weight and HG of 1,020 sheep from Bonga, Adilo and Horro breeds were measured. First, data collected from the study was used to gauge the preciseness of previously published prediction models of each breed. Second, the data of individual breeds were divided into a calibration set for model construction and a validation set for model validation. Live weight was regressed on HG to construct simple linear, Box‐Cox, quadratic and allometric prediction models. Prediction error of published models was >20%. Models constructed for each breed did not differ in R2. However, only simple linear models with transformed LW (Adilo: Log10(LW) = 0.408 + 0.015*HG, Bonga: Log10(LW) = −36.6 + 0.882*HG, Horro: LW0.5 = −1.26 + 0.085*HG) had homogenous residuals and prediction error of ≤ 10%. Heart girth models currently used to predict LW of Adilo, Bonga and Horro sheep of Ethiopia are not sufficiently accurate as they have PE higher than 10%. Prediction models generated by the current study could replace the published models for an accurate estimation of LW of the three breeds for husbandry, marketing and veterinary purposes.
On the elastic limit stresses and failure of rotating variable thickness fiber reinforced composite disk
Authors: Farukoğlu Ömer Can , Korkut İhsan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe outline of this study examines the elastic limit stresses and failure of rotating variable thickness disk composed of fiber reinforced material via utilizing Tsai‐Wu criterion. As known, strength parameters (), obtained with the tensile and compressive strength of the material, should be calculated to apply this criterion. In the literature, one may come across different approaches that predicts the tensile and compressive strength of the fiber reinforced composites in different material directions. In the study, these approaches are gathered and the ones estimating lower and upper bound strengths are determined. Followingly, elastic limit angular velocity and position of the failure along the disk is calculated with the criterion for lower and upper bound estimations. It has been seen that usage of lower and upper bound strengths can change the magnitude of elastic limit angular velocity up to 35% without altering the position of the failure. On the other hand, the application of different boundary conditions changes the position of the failure in the disk. When the disk has free‐free boundaries, it fails at an arbitrary position. However, subjecting the disk to fixed‐free boundary condition cause failure at the inner radius.
Introduction to Superposition
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this section, we review the concepts of classical and quantum superposition. Quantum superposition is the framework for understanding all quantum phenomena. As we do not observe quantum phenomena in our everyday lives, it may seem confusing at first. However, as unintuitive as the quantum world may appear, there are a vast number of experiments which conclusively show that the universe really does operate according to the law of quantum superposition at the smallest distances accessible today. Before going into specific details on quantum superposition, it is useful to explain how the term “superposition” is used in different contexts in both classical and quantum physics. At the end of the chapter, we present the related activities and questions. After gaining experience with quantum superposition from working through these problems, it will become more intuitive. The more experience you gain by advancing through this book, the more quantum superposition will make sense.
What Is a Qubit?
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn classical computers, information is represented as the binary digits 0 or 1. These are called bits. For example, the number 1 in an 8-bit binary representation is written as 00000001. The number 2 is represented as 00000010. We place extra zeros in front to write every number with 8-bits total, which is called one byte. In fact, every classical computer translates these bits into the human readable information on your electronic device. The document you read or video you watch is encoded in the computer binary language in terms of these 1’s and 0’s. Computer hardware understands the 1-bit as an electrical current flowing through a wire (in a transistor) while the 0-bit is the absence of an electrical current in a wire. These electrical signals can be thought of as “on” (the 1-bit) or “off” (the 0-bit). Your computer then decodes the classical 1 or 0 bits into words or videos, etc.
Creating Superposition: The Beam Splitter
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNow that we have explored qubits and the phenomenon of superposition, we can ask the question: how do we know that superposition actually happens? is the evidence that shows that a quantum particle really does exist in two different locations at this same time while in a quantum superposition? The nature of science means that experiments are constantly updating previous results, so are there other interpretations of the experimental results that can explain the data without the need for superposition? In this chapter we’ll explore the experimental evidence interpretations other than quantum superposition. Further, while a flipping coin is a simple model of a qubit, it is not very useful for building a quantum computer because it does not exhibit all of the properties of a true quantum superposition. For example, we cannot manipulate the superposition amplitudes. In this chapter, we will study some real physical examples of quantum particles in a superposition containing two states. These examples include a photon in a beam splitter and the Mach–Zehnder interferometer.
Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Internet can be thought of as a channel of information being sent from you to everyone else connected to the Internet. If you wanted to transmit your sensitive information (such as bank account numbers or military secrets) over the Internet, then you have to ensure that only the persons you intend to read your information have access to your sensitive data. Otherwise, everyone would be able to read your information, e.g., access to your bank account details and transfer money out of your account. Therefore, one needs to encrypt any data sent over the Internet. Encryption, in this context, ensures that only the intended sender and receiver can understand any message being sent over an Internet channel.
Quantum Gates
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs discussed in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-61601-4_2, information in classical computers is represented by bits. However, if the bits did not change, then the computer would remain the same forever and would not be very useful! Therefore, it is necessary to change the values of bits depending on what you want the computer to do. For example, if you want a computer to multiply the number 2 and the number 3 together to produce the number 6, then you need to put each of the numbers 2 and 3 into an 8-bit binary representation, and then have a computational operation to multiply the two 8-bit values together to produce 6. The operation of changing bits in a classical computer is performed by classical logic gates.
Entanglement
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSo far, we have discussed the manipulation and measurement of a single qubit. However, quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when multiple qubits are correlated with each other. Entanglement can have strange and useful consequences that could make quantum computers faster than classical computers. Qubits can be “entangled,” providing hidden quantum information that does not exist in the classical world. It is this entanglement that is one of the main advantages of the quantum world!
Quantum Teleportation
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne interesting application of entanglement is quantum teleportation, which is a technique for transferring an unknown quantum state from one place to another. In science fiction, teleportation generally involves a machine scanning a person and another machine reassembling the person on the other end. The original body disintegrates and no longer exists. Similarly, quantum teleportation works by “scanning” the original qubit, sending a recipe, and reconstructing the qubit elsewhere. The original qubit is not physically destroyed in the science fiction sense, but it is no longer in the same state. Otherwise, the previously mentioned no-cloning theorem—which states that a qubit cannot be exactly copied onto another qubit—would be violated.1 As we will see, the “scanning” part poses a problem which can only be solved by leveraging quantum entanglement.
The Project-ed Community
Authors: Cointe Béatrice 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProjects have become crucial devices in the practice and governance of research. Drawing on the participant ethnography of a two-year interdisciplinary project on microbial bioenergy, this chapter inquires how projectification translates into collective research dynamics. It argues that to understand what projects are and how they affect research practices and communities, it is necessary to look beyond their influence on the organisation of research work. Seeking to delineate the project as a group, the chapter analyses three versions of the project-ed community: in documents, in institutional arrangements, and in daily research. This shows that projects cannot be reduced to temporary arenas of research. They are also argumentative devices that justify and display the excellence and relevance of specific scientific endeavours, as well as projection devices – they serve to imagine future research communities and to start building them. In that, projects are highly strategic entities that integrate scientific practices into coherent narratives to further the interests and ambitions of various parties; but they are also enmeshed in practical matters, because to build communities, researchers have to develop concrete repertoires that are materially embodied.
Leafy automata for higher-order concurrency
Authors: Dixon Alex , Lazić Ranko , Murawski Andrzej S. , Walukiewicz Igor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFinitary Idealized Concurrent Algol ($$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
) is a prototypical programming language combining functional, imperative, and concurrent computation. There exists a fully abstract game model of $$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
, which in principle can be used to prove equivalence and safety of $$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
programs. Unfortunately, the problems are undecidable for the whole language, and only very rudimentary decidable sub-languages are known.We propose leafy automata as a dedicated automata-theoretic formalism for representing the game semantics of $$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
. The automata use an infinite alphabet with a tree structure. We show that the game semantics of any $$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
term can be represented by traces of a leafy automaton. Conversely, the traces of any leafy automaton can be represented by a $$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
term. Because of the close match with $$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
, we view leafy automata as a promising starting point for finding decidable subclasses of the language and, more generally, to provide a new perspective on models of higher-order concurrent computation.Moreover, we identify a fragment of $$\mathsf {FICA}$$
FICA
that is amenable to verification by translation into a particular class of leafy automata. Using a locality property of the latter class, where communication between levels is restricted and every other level is bounded, we show that their emptiness problem is decidable by reduction to Petri net reachability.