bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reflection on 30 years of complementary collaboration
Authors: DEZALAY YVES , GARTH BRYANT 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article, invited by the editors, provides us with an opportunity to reflect on a scholarly collaboration of more than 30 years. Looking backwards, we believe our success has come in part from the different backgrounds that we bring to our collaboration. It also comes from the fact that neither of us at the time we met was comfortable with the scholarly models that we were intellectually programmed to pursue in our individual careers. We discuss not only what our collaboration has produced, but also the pragmatic and serendipitous elements that have gone into working out and defining our research approach, and how that approach has changed in relation to the shifting scholarly context and related changes in the global political economy, our own ambitions, and opportunities and obstacles that have at times shifted our focus. Our individual and collective career trajectories also say something about the scholarly fields in which we have operated.
A prospective, randomized, masked, placebo‐controlled crossover study for the effect of 10 mg omeprazole capsules on gastric pH in healthy dogs
Authors: Gaier Ann , Price Josh , Grubb Louise , Fitzgerald Stuart , Tolbert M. Katherine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnteric‐coated omeprazole capsules are commonly used as a gastric acid suppressant in dogs. However, the efficacy of this formulation has not been evaluated for clinical use in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a 10 mg PO omeprazole capsule (TriviumVet) undergoing FDA approval to increase gastric pH in dogs. We hypothesized that encapsulated omeprazole would significantly increase the gastric pH compared to placebo and reach pH goals extrapolated from people for the treatment of esophagitis and duodenal ulceration.AnimalsSix healthy research dogs.MethodsRandomized, blinded, 2‐way crossover study. Dogs were PO administered omeprazole at 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg or placebo (empty gelatin capsules) twice‐daily for 5 days. The intragastric pH was recorded on days 2 to 5 of treatment. Mean pH and the mean percentage time (MPT) intragastric pH was ≥3 or ≥4 were compared between and within treatment groups.ResultsDogs treated with omeprazole had a significantly higher MPT ± SD intragastric pH ≥3 (91.2% ± 11.0%), ≥4 (86.9% ± 13.7%) and mean ± SD pH (5.4 ± 0.8) than dogs treated with placebo (19.7% ± 15.5%, 28.3 ± 20.7, and 2.4 ± 1.0, respectively) (P < .001 for all).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe 10 mg enteric‐coated omeprazole capsule PO administered evaluated in this study is an effective gastric acid suppressant in healthy dogs.
Politics as a function of trademark: A new perspective from the historical development of trademark law in colonial and socialist Vietnam
Authors: Kien Tran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study provides a fresh understanding of the theory of trademark law, more specifically the functions of trademark through the legal historical analysis of trademark law in the colonial and socialist era of Vietnam from 1858 to 1986. It argues that unlike widely accepted agreements about the functions of trademark in the contemporary world, trademark in general and trademark law in particular, assumed a very different function and played a distinctive role of colonial settlement during the colonial period and centrally planned economy in the time of the socialist building of Vietnam. In doing so, the research employs a recently proposed conceptual framework of studying colonial intellectual property law by Michael Birnhack in combination with historical analysis of law. Through the original discourse of this article, it can be argued further that the functions of trademark are varied and may be determined by the political and economic settings rather than vice versa. The research also resonates with and contributes to the new interdisciplinary and emerging body of literature attempting to explore and understand the history of intellectual property law, especially outside Western intellectual property norms and ideas.
“Right to Repair” vis‐à‐vis Indian trade mark law: A comparative analysis
Authors: Arora Himanshu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe prime motive of the present article is to juxtapose the emerging and trending “Right to Repair” with Indian trade mark law to assess or find as to whether the exercise of this “Right to Repair” can tantamount to infringement of a trade mark in accordance with Indian Trade Mark Law, or whether this right is implicitly recognized or hidden in the Indian Trade Mark Law as a defence or an exception to infringement. The article is mainly divided into two parts. The first part would discuss the concept of “Right to Repair” (along with its origins and development in the world and in India), and also attempts to display as to how the IP rights can be used to curtail the scope of this emerging right. While the second part focuses on scrutinizing that as to how this new surfacing right interacts with or muddles through Indian trade mark law, while briefly discussing the two basic types of infringements envisioned under the Trade Mark law and also explaining, in detail, the types of activities which can be undertaken under the garb of this new right.
Ventricular tachycardia induced by a backup pacing stimulus in a patient with a dual chamber pacemaker with AutoCapture
Authors: Greenspon Arnold J. , Frisch Daniel R. , Ho Reginald T. , Pavri Behzad B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractManufacturers of cardiac implantable electronic devices have incorporated automatic features to allow for remote monitoring, improve device longevity, and additional safety. Algorithms to automatically measure capture threshold and adjust output to preserve battery life are one such feature. Automatic features may occasionally result in unexpected or undesirable clinical outcomes. We report on a patient who developed ventricular tachycardia inadvertently induced by the AutoCapture. feature of an Abbott/St. Jude Medical (SJM) pacemaker.
Insights intoanti‐Dformation in carriers ofRhDvariants through studies of3Dintraprotein interactions
Authors: Floch Aline , Pirenne France , Barrault Aurélie , Chami Btissam , Toly‐Ndour Cécile , Tournamille Christophe , de Brevern Alexandre G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany RhD variants associated with anti‐D formation (partial D) in carriers exposed to the conventional D antigen carry mutations affecting extracellular loop residues. Surprisingly, some carry mutations affecting transmembrane or intracellular domains, positions not thought likely to have a major impact on D epitopes.Study Design and MethodsA wild‐type Rh trimer (RhD1RhAG2) was modeled by comparative modeling with the human RhCG structure. Taking trimer conformation, residue accessibility, and position relative to the lipid bilayer into account, we redefine the domains of the RhD protein. We generated models for RhD variants carrying one or two amino acid substitutions associated with anti‐D formation in published articles (25 variants) or abstracts (12 variants) and for RHD*weak D type 38. We determined the extracellular substitutions and compared the interactions of the variants with those of the standard RhD.ResultsThe findings of the three‐dimensional (3D) analysis were correlated with anti‐D formation for 76% of RhD variants: 15 substitutions associated with anti‐D formation concerned extracellular residues, and structural differences in intraprotein interactions relative to standard RhD were observed in the others. We discuss the mechanisms by which D epitopes may be modified in variants in which the extracellular residues are identical to those of standard RhD and provide arguments for the benignity of p.T379M (RHD*DAU0) and p.G278D (RHD*weak D type 38) in transfusion medicine.ConclusionThe study of RhD intraprotein interactions and the precise redefinition of residue accessibility provide insight into the mechanisms through which RhD point mutations may lead to anti‐D formation in carriers.
Factors driving availability of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma: Insights from a demand, production, and supply model
Authors: Russell W. Alton , Grebe Eduard , Custer Brian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) is a promising treatment for COVID‐19. Blood collectors have rapidly scaled up collection and distribution programs.MethodsWe developed a detailed simulation model of CCP donor recruitment, collection, production, and distribution processes. We ran our model using varying epidemic trajectories from 11 U.S. states and with key input parameters drawn from wide ranges of plausible values to identify key drivers of ability to scale collections capacity and meet demand for CCP.ResultsUtilization of available CCP collections capacity followed increases in COVID‐19 hospital discharges with a lag. Utilization never exceeded 75% of available capacity in most simulations. Demand was met for most of the simulation period in most simulations, but a substantial portion of demand went unmet during early, sharp increases in hospitalizations. For epidemic trajectories that included multiple epidemic peaks, second wave demand could generally be met due to stockpiles established during the decline from an earlier peak. Apheresis machine capacity (number of machines) and probability that COVID‐19 recovered individuals are willing to donate were the most important supply‐side drivers of ability to meet demand. Recruitment capacity was important in states with early peaks.ConclusionsEpidemic trajectory was the most important determinant of ability to meet demand for CCP, although our simulations revealed several contributing operational drivers of CCP program success.
Influence of muscle‐sparing lateral thoracotomy on postoperative pain and lameness: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nutt Anna E. , Knowles Toby G. , Nutt Neil G. , Murrell Joanna C. , Carwardine Darren , Meakin Lee B. , Chanoit Guillaume 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and compare the magnitude of lameness and level of pain after muscle‐sparing lateral thoracotomy (MSLT) and standard lateral thoracotomy (SLT) in dogs.Study designRandomized, blinded, prospective clinical study.AnimalsTwenty‐eight client‐owned dogs.MethodsThe latissimus dorsi muscle was retracted in the MSLT group and was transected in the SLT group. Gait was analyzed with a force plate, and the peak vertical force symmetry index (SI) was calculated within 24 hours before surgery, 3 days postoperatively, and 8 to 12 weeks postoperatively. Symmetry index and pain scores as measured by the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale ‐ Short Form were assessed as primary outcome measures.ResultsThe SI 3 days postoperatively was lower compared with the preoperative SI value in all dogs, consistent with lameness of the ipsilateral thoracic limb (P < .001). The absolute differences in preoperative and 3‐day‐postoperative SI provided evidence that this change was 3.1‐fold greater after SLT compared with after MSLT (P = .009). Pain scores 1 day after surgery were lower after MSLT (1) compared with after SLT (2.5,P < .001).ConclusionLateral thoracotomies caused postoperative pain and ipsilateral forelimb lameness, and both were reduced by sparing the latissimus dorsi.Clinical significanceSparing the latissimus dorsi should be considered to decrease immediate postoperative morbidity in dogs undergoing lateral thoracotomy.
Buckling of Flat Curved Bars and Slightly Curved Plates
Authors: Timoshenko S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the case of the flat arch and the slightly curved plate, with uniformly distributed load, which may fail not as a result of high stresses and yielding of the material but because of instability, and it is shown how the critical load at which buckling occurs may be calculated. The case of the bimetallic strips used as part of thermostats is also considered.
Investigating the Effect of Axial Compression and Distraction on Cervical Facet Mechanics During Supraphysiologic Anterior Shear
Authors: Quarrington Ryan D. , Costi John J. , Freeman Brian J. C. , Jones Claire F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bilateral cervical facet dislocation (BFD) with facet fracture (Fx) often causes tetraplegia but is rarely recreated experimentally, possibly due to a lack of muscle replication. Intervertebral axial compression (due to muscle activation) or distraction (due to inertial loading), when combined with excessive anterior translation, may influence interfacet contact or separation and the subsequent production of BFD with or without Fx. This paper presents a methodology to produce C6/C7 BFD+Fx using anterior shear motion superimposed with 300 N compression or 2.5 mm distraction. The effect of these superimposed axial conditions on six-axis loads, and C6 inferior facet deflections and surface strains, was assessed. Twelve motion segments (70 ± 13 yr) achieved 2.19 mm of supraphysiologic anterior shear without embedding failure (supraphysiologic shear analysis point; SSP), and BFD+Fx was produced in all five specimens that reached 20 mm of shear. Linear mixed-effects models (α = 0.05) assessed the effect of axial condition. At the SSP, the compressed specimens experienced higher axial forces, facet shear strains, and sagittal facet deflections, compared to the distracted group. Facet fractures had similar radiographic appearance to those that are observed clinically, suggesting that intervertebral anterior shear motion contributes to BFD+Fx.
Improving Ambient Contrast Ratio and Color Uniformity of Mini Full Color Light-Emitting Diodes Using an SiO2/Graphite Bilayered Packaging Structure
Authors: Li Zong-Tao , Wu Jun-Hao , Ren Zhi-yao , Song Yao-xing , Li Jia-Sheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mini full-color light-emitting diodes (mini-fc-LEDs) are a promising solution for display applications, including outdoor, cinema, and wearable devices, owing to their high resolution. However, it is difficult to simultaneously obtain high color uniformity and ambient contrast ratio (ACR). To solve this issue, we report a bilayered packaging structure with an SiO2 scattering layer on the bottom and a graphite extinction layer on the top. The bilayered packaging structure combines the scattering effect of SiO2 nanoparticles and the extinction effect of graphite nanoparticles, wherein the scattering effect improves the color uniformity, and the extinction effect improves the ACR. The color uniformity and ACR of the mini-fc-LEDs were selectively adjusted by changing the nanoparticle concentration and the thickness ratio of the bilayer. Compared to conventional devices, the inhomogeneity of the bilayered devices reduced by 65.9%, the ACR increased by 32.9%, and the figure of merit (FOM, representing the overall performance of the device) increased by 168.8%. We believe that the proposed packaging structure can also be applied to other LEDs such as OLEDs and micro-LEDs.
Effects of Antimony Deposition on Field-Emission Current Density of Ge/Si
Authors: Burobina Veronika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To estimate the field-emission current density of a Ge/Si heterosystem, 20-nm germanium/silicon (100) samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The surface of one sample was covered with a layer of antimony, which was removed in vacuum prior to the samples being measured. A second sample of Ge/Si was exposed to room air in the absence of antimony. The current–voltage characteristics of both samples obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) were discovered to be in agreement with classical Fowler–Nordheim theory. The density of emission current from Ge nanocrystal exceeds the density of emission current from the wetting layer of Ge/Si. The density of emission current of pure Ge nanocrystal is less than the density of emission current of Ge nanocrystal with adsorption layers.
Performance Investigation of a Vapor Adsorption Refrigeration System Based on Adsorption/Desorption Time and Heat Transfer
Authors: Pendurthi Manudeep , Pelluru Vamsi Bhargav , Chilakapati Anjaneyulu , Dandotiya Devendra , Banker Nitin D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the past two decades, the development of sustainable refrigeration systems such as thermally operated vapor adsorption refrigeration systems achieved unparalleled growth in the research world as compared to conventional vapor compression systems and even thermally operated vapor absorption refrigeration system. Yet, the commercial success of the adsorption refrigeration system could not be achieved due to mainly its higher space area required per kilowatts of refrigeration capacity. With the focus to look improvement on this issue, the performance of the adsorption refrigeration system has been studied concerning adsorption/desorption time and heat transfer of adsorber. It is proposed to reduce the adsorption/desorption time, due to which the concentration (ratio of the mass of adsorbed refrigerant to the mass of activated carbon) will not reach its equilibrium value, but it is possible to get a higher mass flow in a shorter period. In turn, the cooling capacity will increase. In view of this, a mathematical model has been developed to study the performance and applied to three adsorbent–adsorbate pairs, namely, Maxsorb III–ethanol, Maxsorb III–R507a, and Maxsorb III–R134a. Based on the mathematical investigations, it is observed that the cooling capacity can be improved significantly at a litter higher cost of the heat transfer mechanism.
Effect of Spatially Varying Magnetic Field on the Cooling of an Electronic Component by Natural Convection With Magnetic Nanofluids
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumar Aditya , Subudhi Sudhakar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNatural convection cooling of an electronic component in an electronic device using water-based Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluids is studied under the presence of the magnetic field. The heated vertical electronic component in an enclosure type electronic device with a magnetic field source is used as a model for the study. Different samples of Fe3O4-water nanofluid are prepared using different surfactants and the stability of those samples are estimated using visualization and zeta potential technique. Thermal properties of the stable sample of magnetic nanofluid are precisely measured. The experimentally measured properties are used for further theoretical study. The natural convection is characterized in terms of the relative position of the magnetic source and the electronic component, the strength of the magnetic field, and the magnetization of the nanofluids. Nine different combinations of the position of the magnetic source and the electronic component have been compared with the case in which there is an absence of the magnetic field. The dimensionless number used in this investigation are Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), magnetic numbers (Mn = 100, 500, and 1000), and Hartmann Number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100). The position of the magnetic source with respect to the electronic component significantly affects the rate of heat transfer. The effect is more pronounced when the magnetic source is placed below any of the two vertical walls of the enclosure. The fluid flow is observed distorted near the magnetic source when the Ha is increased. The increment in the magnetic number strengthens the flow, which leads to the enhanced heat transfer rate.
The Innovation Bank: Blockchain Technology and the Decentralization of the Engineering Professions
Authors: Robles Daniel R. , Layton Bradley Edward 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Innovation Bank is a novel business method that integrates and capitalizes knowledge assets. The Innovation Bank is an application of game theory, actuarial math and a simple native “proof-of-stake” blockchain. The system aims to unify the global engineering and scientific disciplines by incentivizing individual practitioners to form knowledge asset networks among each other by producing claims and validations related to observable and measurable events. Each claim and associated validation forms a node in a network for which each participant is awarded a cryptographic token memorializing earned stake (equity) in the system. A secure, validated, and decentralized knowledge repository and access management system is secured by a simple native blockchain. Revenue is generated through the liquidation of earned tokens on an external market to third parties seeking access to network metadata for business intelligence. The intrinsic value of the network grows as the number of participants increases. As participation increases, the quantity and quality of the transaction records also increases. Third-party buyers may include banks, insurance companies, and private enterprise.
A GFEM With Local Gradient Smoothed Approximation for 2D Solid Mechanics Problems
Authors: Tang Jinsong , Qian Linfang , Chen Guangsong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a generalized finite element method (GFEM) with local gradient smoothed approximation (LGS-GFEM) using triangular meshes is proposed. The displacement field function of LGS-GFEM consists of the finite element shape function and the node displacement function. In order to obtain the nodal displacement function, the second order Taylor expansion is considered. The derivative term in Taylor expansion is obtained by using gradient smoothed technique in a smoothed domain. The displacement in smoothed operation is interpolated by polynomial basis function and radial basis function. Two kinds of integration schemes are considered, i.e. LGS-GFEM-I and LGS-GFEM-II respectively. The smoothed composite shape function of LGS-GFEM retains the ideal Kronecker property of the finite element shape function. Besides, the proposed LGS-GFEM has some other important properties such as no extra DOFs, linear independent, etc. The superiority of LGS-GFEM including high accuracy, rapid error convergence and temporal stability, is demonstrated by two representative numerical examples of static and free vibration, and compared with the classical finite element of triangular (FEM-T3) and quadrilateral (FEM-Q4) elements.
The Design and Implementation of a Heat Transfer System for the Pyrolysis of Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Elsharafi Mahmoud , Walsh Sheldon , Fields Brandy , Acuna Caleb , La Fleur Okan , Statham William 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plastic trash has been building up for over a century in our landfills and oceans. Not only does it affect our wildlife, but the trash affects our lives by changing our oceans, our weather currents, and our food supply. To truly deplete the plastics that fill our landfills and oceans, a cost-effective and profitable method of plastic disposal, should be created.
The heat transfer system will be used to heat plastics in such a way to break apart the polymer chains via pyrolysis, creating a vapor. The vapor will then be cooled where it will create petroleum oil, wax, and gaseous byproduct. This project research will continue by redesigning the furnace used in previous research, to get an accurate more stable heat that will reach the necessary boiling point of the plastics to create the vapor. Vapor will be collected through pipes and routed to a cooling unit, where it will be condensed, creating petroleum oil, a solid wax, and gaseous byproducts.
Further research for oil optimization using variables such as types of plastics, temperature magnitudes and temperature rates from pyrolysis of synthetic polymers will aid in the creation of commercial/industrial sized pyrolysis systems that will be ecofriendly and economical.