bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating infiltration front depth using time-lapse multioffset gathers obtained from ground-penetrating-radar antenna array
Authors: Saito Hirotaka , Kuroda Seiichiro , Iwasaki Toshiki , Sala Jacopo , Fujimaki Haruyuki 
Published: March 2021

Nondestructive and noninvasive visualization and quantification of dynamic subsurface hydrologic processes are needed. Using a ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) antenna array, time-lapse common-offset gather and common midpoint (CMP) data can be collected by fixing the antenna at a given location when scanning the subsurface. We have determined wetting front depths continuously during a field infiltration experiment by estimating electromagnetic (EM) wave velocities at given elapsed times using GPR antenna array data. A surface GPR antenna array system, consisting of 10 transmitters (Tx) and 11 receivers (Rx), that can scan each Tx-Rx combination in 10 s at a millisecond scale has been used to acquire all 110 Rx-Tx combinations in approximately 1.5 s. The field infiltration experiment has been conducted at an experimental field near the Tottori Sand Dunes in Japan. Using the estimated EM wave velocity from the CMP data, the depth to the wetting front is computed every minute. The estimated wetting front arrival time agrees with the time at which a sudden increase in the moisture sensor output is observed at a depth from 20 cm and below. We determine that time-lapsed CMP data collected with the GPR antenna array system could be used to estimate EM wave velocities continuously during the infiltration. The GPR antenna array is capable of accurate and quantitative tracking of the wetting front.
Impact of Critical Material Attributes (CMAs)-Particle Shape on Miniature Pharmaceutical Unit Operations
Authors: Azad Mohammad A. , Capellades Gerard , Wang Allison B. , Klee David M. , Hammersmith Gregory , Rapp Kersten , Brancazio David , Myerson Allan S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emphasizes drug product development by Quality by Design (QbD). Critical material attributes (CMAs) are a QbD element that has an impact on pharmaceutical operations and product quality. Pharmaceutical drugs often crystallize as needle-shaped (a CMA) particles and affect the process due to poor flowability, low bulk density, and high compressibility, and eventually the product performance. In this study, the product obtained from crystallization was needle-shaped Ciprofloxacin HCl (CIPRO), formed lumps during drying, and compacted during processing through feeders. To delump small amounts of materials and break the needles, multiple available devices (mortar-pestle, Krups grinder) and custom-made grinder were assessed before formulation. The processed CIPRO powder was then used to make tablets in the miniature tablet manufacturing unit developed by the team at MIT. The critical quality attributes (CQA) of the tablets, set by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), were then assessed for the drug powder processed with each of these devices. Powder properties comparable to commercial CIPRO were obtained when the custom MIT-designed grinder was used, leading to tablets that meet the USP criteria, with comparable dissolution profiles of those for marketed CIPRO tablets. This study demonstrates how needle-shaped crystals have an impact on pharmaceutical operations, even if it is on a miniature scale, and how proper shape and subsequent flow properties can be obtained by processing the particles through the MIT team-designed grinder.
Graphical Abstract
Serum Insulin-like Factor 3 Levels Are Reduced in Former Androgen Users, Suggesting Impaired Leydig Cell Capacity
Authors: Rasmussen Jon Jarløv , Albrethsen Jakob , Frandsen Mikkel Nicklas , Jørgensen Niels , Juul Anders , Kistorp Caroline 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is frequently observed in men and is associated with subsequent testosterone deficiency although the long-term effect on gonadal function is still unclear. Serum insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) has been suggested to be a superior biomarker of Leydig cell secretory capacity compared to testosterone.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate serum INSL3 concentrations in AAS users.

Methods
This community-based, cross-sectional study included men aged 18 to 50 years, involved in recreational strength training and allocated to 1 of 3 groups: never-AAS users as controls (n = 44), current (n = 46), or former AAS users (n = 42) with an average duration since AAS cessation of 32 (23 ; 45) months.

Results
Serum INSL3 was lower in current AAS users and former AAS users than in controls, median (interquartile range), 0.04 µg/L (nondetectable [ND]-0.07 µg/L) and 0.39 µg/L (0.24-0.62 µg/L) vs 0.59 µg/L (0.45-0.72 µg/L), P less than .001. Former AAS users exhibited lower serum INSL3 levels than controls in a multivariable linear regression even after adjusting for serum total testosterone (TT) and other relevant confounders, (B) (95% CI), –0.16 µg/L (95% CI, –0.29 to –0.04 µg/L), P equal to .011. INSL3 and TT were not associated in the model, P equal to .821. Longer accumulated AAS duration (log2) was associated with lower serum INSL3 in former AAS users, (B) (95% CI), –0.08 (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.01), P equal to .022. Serum INSL3, but not inhibin B or testosterone, was associated with testicular size in a multivariate linear regression, (B) (95% CI); 4.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 8.9), P equal to .030.

Conclusion
Serum INSL3 is reduced years following AAS cessation in men, independently of testosterone, suggesting persistently impaired Leydig cell capacity.
The Role for Metyrosine in the Treatment of Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Gruber Lucinda M , Jasim Sina , Ducharme-Smith Allison , Weingarten Toby , Young William F , Bancos Irina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Treatment of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) requires preintervention titration of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade, but patients may still be at risk for complications from catecholamine excess. Metyrosine decreases catecholamine production, making it an attractive therapeutic adjunct for select patients.

Evidence Acquisition
A systematic literature review was performed (Ovid Medline and Scopus databases) on December 17, 2019, including studies with humans and original data. Studies with 10 or more patients on metyrosine for PPGL were included. Studies were screened for overlapping populations, and the most comprehensive study was included. The references of included studies were reviewed for additional data. Patient data from our institution between 2000 and 2015 were also reviewed.

Evidence Synthesis
Metyrosine is well tolerated when used for a short course and can improve intraoperative outcomes in PPGL. Metyrosine should be considered when a difficult PPGL resection is expected (eg, pericardiac paraganglioma, abdominal paraganglioma with great vessel involvement), a large release of catecholamines is anticipated (eg, ablative therapy, chemotherapy), or when standard alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade are not tolerated or cannot adequately control hypertension. Side effects are generally mild and self-limited, with sedation in a majority of patients. Extrapyramidal side effects are rare but can limit use of metyrosine. Because of its expense and limited availability, metyrosine use should be carefully planned and timed in relation to surgery.

Conclusions
Metyrosine is a safe addition to traditional alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade and should be considered in those patients with PPGL at high risk for acute release of catecholamines.
Clinical Experience of the Efficacy and Safety of Low-dose Tolvaptan Therapy in a UK Tertiary Oncology Setting
Authors: Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria , Al-Othman Sami , Brabant Georg , Kyriacou Angelos , King Jennifer , Blackhall Fiona , Trainer Peter J , Higham Claire E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
In patients with cancer, hyponatremia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and can delay systemic therapy.

Objective
To assess the safety and efficacy of low-dose tolvaptan (7.5 mg) for hospitalized, adult patients with hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), and coexisting malignancy.

Methods
Retrospective evaluation in a tertiary cancer center.

Results
Fifty-five patients with mean baseline serum sodium (sNa) 117.9 ± 4.6 mmol/L were included. In total, 90.9% had severe hyponatremia (sNa &lt; 125 mmol/L). Mean age was 65.1 ± 9.3 years. Following an initial dose of tolvaptan 7.5 mg, median (range) increase in sNa observed at 24 hours was 9 (1-19) mmol/L. Within 1 week, 39 patients (70.9%) reached sNa ≥ 130 mmol/L and 48 (87.3%) had sNa rise of ≥5 mmol/L within 48 hours. No severe adverse events were reported. Thirty-three (60%) and 17 (30.9%) patients experienced sNa rise of ≥8 and ≥12 mmol/L/24 hours, respectively. The rate of sNa correction in the first 24 hours was significantly higher among participants that continued fluid restriction after tolvaptan administration (median [quantiles]: 14 [9-16] versus 8 [5-11] mmol/L, P = .036). Moreover, in the over-rapid correction cohort (≥12 mmol/L/24 hours) demeclocycline was appropriately discontinued only in 60% compared with 91.7% of the remaining participants (P = .047). Lower creatinine was predictive of higher sNa correction rate within 24 hours (P = .01).

Conclusion
In the largest series to date, although low-dose tolvaptan was demonstrated to be effective in correcting hyponatremia due to SIAD in cancer patients, a significant proportion experienced over-rapid correction. Concurrent administration of demeclocycline and/or fluid restriction must be avoided due to the increased risk of over-rapid correction.
Outcome Squares Integrating Efficacy and Safety, as Applied to Functioning Pituitary Adenoma Surgery
Authors: de Vries Friso , Lobatto Daniel J , Verstegen Marco J T , Schutte Pieter J , Notting Irene C , Kruit Mark C , Ahmed S Faisal , Pereira Alberto M , van Furth Wouter R , Biermasz Nienke R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Transsphenoidal surgery is standard care in the treatment of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. Current clinician-reported surgical outcome measures are one-dimensional, typically focusing primarily on complete or partial resection, and secondarily on complication rates. However, outcomes are best reflected by the delicate balance of efficacy and complications at patient level.

Objective
This study proposes a novel way to classify and report outcomes, integrating efficacy and safety at the patient level.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of all pure endoscopic transsphenoidal surgical procedures for acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, and prolactinoma between 2010 and 2018 in a single tertiary referral center. We present our results in a classic (remission and complications separate) and in a novel outcome square integrating both outcomes, focusing on intended and adverse effects (long-term complications). This resulted in 4 outcome groups, ranging from good to poor. We use this approach to present these outcomes for several subgroups.

Results
A total of 198 surgical procedures were included (44 reoperations). Remission was achieved in 127 operations (64%). Good outcome was observed after 121 (61%), and poor outcome after 6 (3%) operations. When intended effect of surgery was applied (instead of remission), good outcome as intended was achieved after 148 of 198 surgeries (75%) and poor outcome after 4 (2%).

Conclusion
Quality of a surgical intervention can be presented in 4 simple categories, integrating both efficacy and safety with flexibility to adapt to the individualized situation at patient, disease, and surgical strategy and to the outcome of interest.
Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Cancer: The D2d Cancer Outcomes (D2dCA) Ancillary Study
Authors: Chatterjee Ranee , Fuss Paul , Vickery Ellen M , LeBlanc Erin S , Sheehan Patricia R , Lewis Michael R , Dolor Rowena J , Johnson Karen C , Kashyap Sangeeta R , Nelson Jason , Pittas Anastassios G ,   D2d Research Group, Pittas Anastassios G , Brodsky Irwin , Ceglia Lisa , Chadha Chhavi , Chatterjee Ranee , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Desouza Cyrus , Dolor Rowena , Foreyt John , Ghazi Adline , Hsia Daniel S , Johnson Karen C , Kashyap Sangeeta R , Kim Sun , LeBlanc Erin S , Lewis Michael R , Liao Emilia , Malozowski Saul , Neff Lisa M , O’Neil Patrick , Park Jean , Peters Anne , Phillips Lawrence S , Pratley Richard , Raskin Philip , Rasouli Neda , Robbins David , Rosen Clifford , Reboussin Dave , Aroda Vanita R , Ware James H , Sheehan, Patricia , Staten Myrlene A , Knowler William C 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContextObservational studies suggest that low vitamin D status may be a risk factor for cancer.ObjectiveIn a population with prediabetes and overweight/obesity that is at higher risk of cancer than the general population, we sought to determine if vitamin D supplementation lowers the risk of cancer and precancers.MethodsThe Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes (D2d) cancer outcomes study (D2dCA) is an ancillary study to the D2d study, which was conducted at 22 academic medical centers in the United States. Participants had prediabetes and overweight/obesity and were free of cancer for the previous 5 years. Participants were randomized to receive vitamin D3 4000 IU daily or placebo. At scheduled study visits (4 times/year), cancer and precancer events were identified by questionnaires. Clinical data were collected and adjudicated for all reported events. Cox proportional hazard models compared the hazard ratio (HR) of incident cancers and precancers between groups.ResultsOver a median follow-up period of 2.9 years, among 2385 participants (mean age 60 years and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 28 ng/mL), there were 89 cases of cancer. The HR of incident cancer for vitamin D vs placebo was 1.07 (95% CI 0.70, 1.62). Of 241 participants with incident precancers, 239 had colorectal adenomatous polyps. The HR for colorectal polyps for vitamin D vs placebo was 0.83 (95% CI 0.64, 1.07).ConclusionIn the D2d population of participants with prediabetes and overweight/obesity, not selected for vitamin D insufficiency, vitamin D supplementation did not have a significant effect on risk of incident cancer or colorectal polyps.
Antenatal Depression and Risk of Gestational Diabetes, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, and Postpartum Quality of Life
Authors: Minschart Caro , De Weerdt Kyara , Elegeert Astrid , Van Crombrugge Paul , Moyson Carolien , Verhaeghe Johan , Vandeginste Sofie , Verlaenen Hilde , Vercammen Chris , Maes Toon , Dufraimont Els , De Block Christophe , Jacquemyn Yves , Mekahli Farah , De Clippel Katrien , Van Den Bruel Annick , Loccufier Anne , Laenen Annouschka , Devlieger Roland , Mathieu Chantal , Benhalima Katrien 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
To determine the impact of depressive symptoms on pregnancy outcomes and postpartum quality of life in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods
1843 women from a prospective cohort study received universal GDM screening with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression questionnaire was completed before GDM diagnosis was communicated and in GDM women in early postpartum. All participants completed the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) health survey postpartum.

Results
Women who developed GDM (231; 12.5%) had significantly more often depressive symptoms than NGT (1612; 87.5%) women [21.3% (48) vs 15.1% (239), odds ratio (OR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.08-2.16), P = 0.017]. Compared to GDM women without depressive symptoms, depressed GDM women attended less often the postpartum OGTT [68.7% (33) vs 87.6% (155), P = 0.002], remained more often depressed [37.1% (13) vs 12.4% (19), P &lt; 0.001], and had lower SF-36 scores postpartum. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between both groups. Rates of labor inductions were significantly higher in the NGT group with depressive symptoms compared to the nondepressed NGT group [31.7% (75) vs 24.7% (330), adjusted OR (aOR) 1.40, 95% CI (1.01-1.93), P = 0.041]. NGT women with depressive symptoms had lower SF-36 scores (P &lt; 0.001) postpartum compared to nondepressed NGT women.

Conclusions
Women with antenatal symptoms of depression develop more often GDM. GDM women with depressive symptoms remain more often depressed postpartum with lower quality of life. NGT women with depressive symptoms have higher rates of labor inductions and lower quality of life postpartum compared to nondepressed NGT women.
Meta-analysis on the Effect of Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Parathyroidectomy Upon Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Bernardi Stella , Giudici Fabiola , Barbato Vincenzo , Zanatta Lorenzo , Grillo Andrea , Fabris Bruno 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Current data about the cardiovascular manifestations of mild primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) are often conflicting. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold standard for assessing aortic stiffness, and it predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Objective
Primary outcomes were to investigate if mild pHPT was associated with higher PWV and if parathyroidectomy (PTX) reduced PWV in mild pHPT. Secondary outcome was to investigate blood pressure changes after PTX.

Methods
Sources were PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included reports of PWV in patients with mild pHPT and controls, or in patients with mild pHPT before and after PTX. Two investigators independently identified eligible studies and extracted data. Pooled mean difference (MD) was the summary effect measure. Data were presented in forest plots with outlier and influential case diagnostics. Nine observational studies and one randomized clinical trial were selected, including 433 patients with mild pHPT, 171 of whom underwent PTX, and 407 controls. PWV was significantly higher in mild pHPT than in controls (MD = 1.18, 0.67 to 1.68, P &lt; .0001). Seven studies evaluated the effect of PTX on PWV. PTX significantly reduced PWV (MD = –0.48, –0.88 to –0.07, P = .022).

Conclusion
Aortic stiffness is increased in patients with mild pHPT, supporting the notion that mild pHPT is also associated with adverse cardiovascular manifestations. PTX significantly reduced arterial stiffness in mild pHPT, indicating that the benefit of PTX over cardiovascular manifestations should not be dismissed but it deserves further studies.
Hepatic Fat in Participants With and Without Incident Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study
Authors: Goldberg Ronald B , Tripputi Mark T , Boyko Edward J , Budoff Matthew , Chen Zsu-Zsu , Clark Jeanne M , Dabelea Dana M , Edelstein Sharon L , Gerszten Robert E , Horton Edward , Mather Kieren J , Perreault Leigh , Temprosa Marinella , Wallia Amisha , Watson Karol , Irfan Zeb 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
There is little information about fatty liver in prediabetes as it transitions to early diabetes.

Objective
This study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence and determinants of fatty liver in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).

Methods
We measured liver fat as liver attenuation (LA) in Hounsfield units (HU) in 1876 participants at ~14 years following randomization into the DPP, which tested the effects of lifestyle or metformin interventions versus standard care to prevent diabetes. LA was compared among intervention groups and in those with versus without diabetes, and associations with baseline and follow-up measurements of anthropometric and metabolic covariates were assessed.

Results
There were no differences in liver fat between treatment groups at 14 years of follow-up. Participants with diabetes had lower LA (mean ± SD: 46 ± 16 vs 51 ± 14 HU; P &lt; 0.001) and a greater prevalence of fatty liver (LA &lt; 40 HU) (34% vs 17%; P &lt; 0.001). Severity of metabolic abnormalities at the time of LA evaluation was associated with lower LA categories in a graded manner and more strongly in those with diabetes. Averaged annual fasting insulin (an index of insulin resistance [OR, 95% CI 1.76, 1.41-2.20]) waist circumference (1.63, 1.17-2.26), and triglyceride (1.42, 1.13-1.78), but not glucose, were independently associated with LA &lt; 40 HU prevalence.

Conclusion
Fatty liver is common in the early phases of diabetes development. The association of LA with insulin resistance, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels emphasizes the importance of these markers for hepatic steatosis in this population and that assessment of hepatic fat in early diabetes development is warranted.
Metabolic and Psychological Features are Associated with Weight Loss 12 Months After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Muraca Emanuele , Oltolini Alice , Binda Alberto , Pizzi Mattia , Ciardullo Stefano , Manzoni Giuseppina , Zerbini Francesca , Bianconi Eleonora , Cannistraci Rosa , Perra Silvia , Pizzi Pietro , Lattuada Guido , Perseghin Gianluca , Villa Matteo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a recognized effective procedure of bariatric surgery, but a poor response in weight loss may still represent a clinical problem. To date there are no validated predictors useful to better perform patient selection.

Objective
To establish the association of baseline anthropometric, metabolic, and psychologic features with the percent total weight loss (%TWL) and percent excess weight loss (%EWL) 12 months after surgery.

Design
Retrospective longitudinal analysis of a set of data about obese patients attending the outpatient service of a single obesity center from June 2016 to June 2019.

Patients
A total of 106 obese patients underwent LSG with presurgery evaluation and follow-up at 12 months after surgery.

Main outcome
Weight loss 12 months after LSG.

Results
Patients who achieved a %TWL higher than the observed median (≥34%) were younger, with a lower fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin, with a lower prevalence of hypertension and with a lower score in the impulsiveness scale, compared with patients with a %TWL &lt; 34%. Similar findings were found when %EWL was considered. Multivariable stepwise regression analysis showed that younger age, lower impulsiveness, higher-than-normal urinary free cortisol, and lower HbA1c were associated with higher %TWL, explaining about 31.5% of the weight loss.

Conclusion
Metabolic and psychologic features at baseline were independently associated with weight loss and explained a non-negligible effect on the response to LSG. These data suggest that careful metabolic and psychologic profiling could help in sharper indications and personalized pre- and postsurgical follow-up protocols in candidates for LSG.