bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of four local anaesthesia protocols for mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saber Shehabeldin Mohamed , Hashem Ahmed Abdelrahman , Khalil Dina Mahmoud , Pirani Chiara , Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the efficacy rate of four anaesthetic protocols in mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).MethodologyOne hundred and sixty patients with a diagnosis of SIP were included in this randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated into four treatment groups (N = 40) according to the administered technique: Group 1 (IANB): standard inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection; Group 2 (IANB + IO): standard IANB followed by a supplemental intraosseous infusion (IO) injection; Group 3 (IANB + PDL): standard IANB followed by a supplemental periodontal ligament (PDL) injection; Group 4 (IANB + BI): standard IANB followed by a supplemental buccal infiltration. Patients rated pain intensity using a verbal rating scale when the root canal treatment procedure was initiated, that is, during caries removal, access preparation and pulpectomy. Heart rate changes were recorded before, during and after each injection. The anaesthetic efficacy rates were analysed using chi‐square tests, age differences using one‐way anova, gender differences using Fischer Exact tests whilst heart rate changes were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis tests. Statistical significances were set at p < .05 level.ResultsAll the included patients were analysed. No differences in the efficacy rate were found in relation to the age or gender of the participants amongst the study groups (p > .05). IANB + IO injections had a significantly higher efficacy rate (92.5%) when compared to other techniques (p < .05), followed by IANB + PDL injections (72.5%), IANB + BI injections (65.0%), with no significant differences between the IANB + PDL or IANB + BI injections (p > .05). IANB injection alone had a significantly lower rate (40%) compared to the other techniques (p < .05). A transient but significant rise in the heart rate was recorded in 60% (24/40) of patients who received the IANB + IO injection compared to other groups (p < .05).ConclusionsInferior alveolar nerve block injection alone did not reliably permit pain‐free treatment for mandibular molars with SIP. The use of an additional IO supplemental injection provided the most effective anaesthesia for patients requiring emergency root canal treatment for SIP in mandibular posterior teeth.
Organic molecule intercalation sites in Sr2CaCu2Oy superconductor
Authors: Kawai Kensho , Suematsu Hisayuki , Fujimoto Akira , Aoba Tomoya , Do Thi Mai Dung , Nakayama Tadachika , Niihara Koichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe organic molecule adsorption sites in a Sr2CaCu2Oy (0(Sr)212) half unit cell upon water molecule intercalation were estimated by simulation using Molecular Orbital PACkage (MOPAC) program. For water molecules, the unit cell was elongated with increasing the number of molecules. Upon four water molecules intercalated between the two SrO layers, the upper Sr atom moved along the c‐axis by 1.49 Å. This value was smaller than but comparable to the experimentally obtained elongation of half of the c‐parameter. The primary reason of the elongation is the repulsive force between Sr–H atoms in the two SrO layers. For ethanol and acetone molecules, stable intercalation sites were not found in the 0(Sr)212 crystal. These results coincided to the experimental results, which did not show intercalations. It was concluded that MOPAC can reproduce the organic molecule intercalation phenomena in oxide crystals.
Frequency dependence of antiferroelectricferroelectric phase transition of PLZST ceramic
Authors: Zhu Qingshan , Zhao Shiyu , Xu Ran , Feng Yujun , Xu Zhuo , Wei Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are promising for applications in high‐power density capacitors, transducers, etc. The forward switching field and backward switching field are critical performance indicators for AFE ceramics, and the coupling between the structure transition and domain orientation makes them different from the coercive field of ferroelectric (FE). Moreover, in practical applications, AFE ceramics are often required to operate at varying frequencies. However, systematic studies regarding the frequency dependence of and are insufficient. In this work, (PLZST) AFE ceramic was fabricated, and two empirical formulas (, ) were proposed to predict the frequency dependence of and . The formulas are based on the electric field–induced phase transition characteristics of AFE and the Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi domain nucleation‐switching model. Furthermore, the dynamic hysteresis loops of PLZST at various frequencies (1–1000 Hz) and temperatures (–) were investigated. The results show that the electric field–induced phase transition of AFE ceramic is dominated by the coupling between the structural transition and domain orientation. The domain orientation hinders the structure transition, leading to an increase in and a decrease in as the frequency of applied electric field increases. Meanwhile, the domain growth process is affected by the structure of AFE, and the value of (domain growth dimensionality) increases with the stability of the AFE structure. For comparison, (PLBZST) relaxor FE ceramic was fabricated. Due to the high mobility of the microdomain, the dynamic hysteresis loop of PLBZST ceramic exhibits excellent frequency stability. The charge–discharge experiment with an ultrahigh equivalent frequency (100 kHz) was performed to investigate the frequency stability of energy release of PLZST and PLBZST. The results may provide guidance for research pertaining to ceramic capacitors with high‐power density and high‐frequency stability.
Performance and structure evolution of fluoindinate glass at high temperatures
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Jiang Yiguang , Wang Zaiyang , Guan Feng , Li Yanchao , Yuan Xinqiang , Zhang Long 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluoindinate glass (FIG) is considered an ideal material for fiber laser devices and mid‐infrared bulk optics components owing to its ultra‐low phonon energy and broad transparency window. However, the heat generated by devices fabricated with FIG during their operation limits its application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study its high‐temperature properties. In this study, the thermal properties, microstructure, crystal phase behaviors, and optical and luminescent properties of high‐temperature FIG were comprehensively evaluated. We also attempted to reveal the changes in its structure at high temperatures using variable‐temperature Raman spectroscopy. We first found that the stretching vibration intensity of nonbridging F(Fnb) decreases, and the bending vibration of FIG increases with an increase in temperature, indicating that high temperatures could lead to the fracture of bridge bonds between some [InF6]3− octahedrons. Certainly, this will lead to glass structural instability, which will further increase the tendency of FIG to undergo devitrification in high‐temperature conditions. We believe that this work will provide a reference for the performance improvement and application of fluoride glass at high temperatures.
Polycrystalline thermosensitive ceramic oxides in CaCeNbWO8: Density, texture, and thermal aging stability
Authors: Fu Zhilong , Wei Yaxin , Liu Yafei , Zhang Bo , Chang Aimin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the vacuum hot pressing sintering process, a certain thickness of graphite foil is usually used as the isolation layer to avoid the adhesion between ceramic and graphite die. Here, the graphite foil was replaced by a platinum sheet in the sintering process. The microstructure, weak texture, and electrical properties of pressure‐sintered CaCeNbWO8 thermosensitive ceramics were investigated and compared with pressureless‐sintered ceramics. The relative densities of the pressureless‐sintered and pressure‐sintered ceramics were 79.4% and 97.0%, respectively. The tetragonal scheelite structure having space group I41/a (88) was further confirmed by Rietveld refinement. The corresponding (112) Pole Figures showed that the weak texture intensity changed from 2.32 to 3.08 mud. Results demonstrate that the improvement of the vacuum hot pressing sintering process is in favor of obtaining high stability thermosensitive ceramics, which might potentially be applied to the mass preparation of functional ceramics or high‐density ceramics.
Fast one‐step carbothermal reduction and nitridation method using nano‐sized Al2O3 and carbon black to prepare aluminium oxynitride powder for highly transparent ceramics
Authors: Sun Xiannian , Zhang Xiaoru , Zhang Chenbofan , Ma Liya , Shan Yingchun , Li Jiangtao , Xu Jiujun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBy fast heating the nano‐sized Al2O3 and carbon black mixtures at 50°C/min to 1750°C for 30–120 min, single‐phase AlON powders were successfully obtained by a fast one‐step carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) method. The AlON ceramics pressureless sintered at 1880°C for 150 min by these powders show high transmittances up to 83%–84%, which indicates that the proposed fast one‐step CRN method is an effective and efficient way with strong robustness to synthesize single‐phase AlON powder for highly transparent AlON ceramics. It was found that α‐Al2O3 particles do not have enough time to aggregate and coalesce during heating due to the tremendously shortened heating span, which significantly inhibited particle coarsening until the formation of AlON starts. The fast‐formed AlON further inhibits the coarsening of α‐Al2O3 during dwelling. Consequently, single‐phase AlON powder of small primary particles can be obtained after 30 min dwelling at 1750°C.
Effectiveness of selected essential oils and one hydrolate to prevent and remove Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene and stainless steel food-contact surfaces
Authors: Rossi Chiara , Maggio Francesca , Chaves-López Clemencia , Valbonetti Luca , Berrettoni Marco , Paparella Antonello , Serio Annalisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of selected essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hs) against Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces.Methods and ResultsAmong others, Origanum hirtum EO, Corydothymus capitatus EO and Citrus aurantium H were selected to treat L. monocytogenes biofilms during and after biofilm formation. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of C. capitatus EO (0.31 µl/ml) showed the highest inhibiting effect against biofilm formation on PS, while on SS no significant differences between the EOs were observed (43.7%–88.7% inhibition). Overall, the tested biosanitizers showed limited activity as biofilm removal agents. Although generally less effective, C. aurantium H exhibited good biofilm inhibition performance at 62.5 µl/ml, particularly on PS. Confocal laser scanning microscopy proved that sub-MICs of the biosanitizers drastically changed L. monocytogenes biofilm architecture, with bacterial cells elongation in the presence of C. capitatus EO.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the tested EOs and H are able to control Listeria biofilms, particularly preventing biofilm formation on both materials. Considering its mild aroma and hydrophilicity, the H exhibited promising perspectives of application.Significance and Impact of StudyThis study raises the possibility of applying EOs and Hs to control biofilms on different surfaces in the food industry.
Antimicrobial compounds from an FDA-approved drug library with activity against Streptococcus suis
Authors: Li Haotian , Li Tingting , Zhang Liangsheng , Hu Qiao , Liao Xia , Jiang Qinggen , Qiu Xiuxiu , Li Lu , Draheim Roger R. , Huang Qi , Zhou Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aim
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global concern. Developing novel antimicrobials is one of the most effective approaches in tackling AMR. Considering its relatively low cost and risk, drug repurposing has been proposed as a valuable approach for novel antimicrobial discovery. The aim of this study was to screen for antimicrobial compounds against Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen, from an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library.

Methods and Results
In this study, we tested the antimicrobial activity of 1815 FDA-approved drugs against S. suis. Sixty-seven hits were obtained that showed a growth inhibition of more than 98%. After excluding already known antibiotics and antiseptics, 12 compounds were subjected to minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) assessment against S. suis. This showed that pralatrexate, daunorubicin (hydrochloride), teniposide, aclacinomycin A hydrochloride and floxuridine gave a relatively low MIC, ranging from 0.85 to 5.25 μg/ml. Apart from pralatrexate, the remaining four drugs could also inhibit the growth of antimicrobial-resistant S. suis. It was also demonstrated that these four drugs had better efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Cytotoxicity assays showed that floxuridine and teniposide had a relatively high 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50). The in vivo efficacy of floxuridine was analysed using a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model, and the results showed that floxuridine was effective in treating S. suis infection in vivo.

Conclusions
Five compounds from the FDA-approved drug library showed high antimicrobial activity against S. suis, among which floxuridine displayed potent in vivo efficacy that is worth further development.

Significance and Impact of Study
Our study identified several antimicrobial compounds that are effective against S. suis, which provides a valuable starting point for further antimicrobial development.
Social educator students' readiness to address sexual health in their future profession
Authors: Lunde Hilde , Blaalid Laila , Areskoug Josefsson Kristina , Gerbild Helle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNorwegian social educator students' attitudes towards addressing sexual health are unknown, even if their future clients often have needs related to sexual issues.PurposeTo investigate social educator students' readiness to address sexual health in their future profession.MethodsIn 2019, 213 social educator students (response rate 34%) responded to the Students' Attitudes towards addressing Sexual Health Extended online questionnaire.ResultsMost of the social educator students felt comfortable and ready to address sexual health in their future profession, but thought they had insufficient competence and education concerning sexual health. There were gender and age differences when discussing sexual health among persons with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionDespite most Norwegian social educator students feeling ready to address sexual health, they needed additional competences and education. Further research is needed concerning the effectiveness of educational interventions targeting competence in sexual health, to ensure sufficient support for clients in this field.
Simvastatin treatment promotes proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells via modulating PI3K/AKT/miR‐9/KLF5 signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Jing‐hui , He Dang‐en 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSimvastatin serves as an effective therapeutic potential in the treatment of dental disease via alternating proliferation of dental pulp stem cells. First, western‐blot and real‐time quantitative PCR were used to detect the effect of simvastatin or LY294002 on the expression levels of AKT, miR‐9 and KLF5, or determine the effect of miR‐9. Simvastatin, KLF5 and AKT significantly enhanced the proliferation of pulp stem cells, whilst this effect induced by simvastatin was suppressed by LY294002, AKT siRNA, KLF5 siRNA and miR‐9, and simvastatin dose‐dependently upregulated the expression of PI3K. Furthermore, simvastatin upregulated PI3K and p‐AKT expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. LY294002 abrogated the upregulation of p‐AKT expression levels induced by simvastatin, and LY294002 induced the miR‐9 expression and simvastatin dose‐dependently inhibited the expression of miR‐9, by contrast, LY294002 reduced the KLF5 expression and simvastatin dose‐dependently promoted the expression of KLF5. And using computational analysis, KLF5 was found to be a candidate target gene of miR‐9, and which was further verified using luciferase assay. Finally, the level of KLF5 in cells was much lower following the transfection with miR‐9 and KLF5 siRNA, and the level of AKT mRNA in cells was significantly inhibited after transfection with AKT siRNA than control. These findings suggested simvastatin could promote the proliferation of pulp stem cells, possibly by suppressing the expression of miR‐9 via activating the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, and the downregulation of miR‐9 upregulated the expression of its target gene, KLF5, which is directly responsible for the enhanced proliferation of pulp stem cells.
β2SP/TET2 complex regulates gene 5hmC modification after cerebral ischemia
Authors: Ma Xiaohua , Zhang Meng , Yan Rui , Wu Hainan , Yang Bo , Miao Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractβII spectrin (β2SP) is encoded by Sptbn1 and is involved in the regulation of various cell functions. β2SP contributes to the formation of the myelin sheath, which may be related to the mechanism of neuropathy caused by demyelination. As one of the main features of cerebral ischemia, demyelination plays a key role in the mechanism of cerebral ischemia injury. Here, we showed that β2SP levels were increased, and this molecule interacted with TET2 after ischemic injury. Furthermore, we found that the level of TET2 was decreased in the nucleus when β2SP was knocked out after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and the level of 5hmC was reduced in the OGD+β2SP KO group. In contrast, the expression of β2SP did not change in TET2 KO mice. In addition, the 5hmC sequencing results revealed that β2SP can affect the level of 5hmC, the differentially hydroxymethylated region (DhMR) mainly related with the Calcium signalling pathway, cGMP‐PKG signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway and Hippo signalling pathway. In summary, our results suggest that β2SP could regulate the gene 5hmC by interacted with TET2 and will become a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Effects of animal protein intake during pregnancy on autoimmune thyroiditis in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency
Authors: Wang Zhengyuan , Shen Jiaying , Song Qi , Cui Xueying , Shi Zehuan , Su Jin , Zang Jiajie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIodine and animal protein may affect thyroid function. In the present study, we explored the association between animal protein intake and thyroid antibody status in pregnant women following universal salt iodisation.MethodsPregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified random sampling method in Shanghai. In total, 4646 eligible women were interviewed in person. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire and food composition tables to calculate the daily intakes of protein and iodine. We collected urine samples and performed thyroid antibody tests.ResultsPositive thyrotropin receptor antibody (TR‐Ab) rates were different among animal protein intake groups (p < 0.05). Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was higher in the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). The median of total protein intake, animal protein intake and UIC was higher in the TR‐Ab positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). The median of total protein intake and UIC was higher in the TPO‐Ab/TG‐Ab/TR‐Ab positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression results showed that insufficient iodine had a negative correlation with positive TPO‐Ab and positive TR‐Ab (p < 0.05). The middle third and top third animal protein intakes served as protective factors for TR‐Ab (coefficient = 0.559, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.415–0.752, p < 0.001; coefficient = 0.0.406, 95% CI = 0.266–0.621, p < 0.001) and positive TPO‐Ab/TR‐Ab/TG‐Ab (coefficient = 0.817, 95% CI = 0.687–0.971, p = 0.022; coefficient = 0.805, 95% CI = 0.672–0.964, p = 0.018).ConclusionsAdequate animal protein intake protects against elevated anti‐thyroid antibody levels in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency.
Nurse editors’ roles and practices
Authors: Waldrop Julee B. , Likis Frances E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeWhile nurse editors carry great responsibility for the scientific literature in the nursing profession, little has been published about this unique role. The purpose of this study was to examine contemporary nurse editors’ roles and practices.DesignIn early 2019, a sample of 129 nurse editors participated in a cross‐sectional study using survey methods.MethodsThe online survey was based on an instrument used in a prior study and included 43 primarily multiple‐choice questions. Findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics.FindingsBeyond the expected roles of journal management, editorial decision making, leadership for the profession, and specific journal focus, some aspects of the nurse editor role have remained unchanged. The role continues to be learned mostly on the job and nurse editors still find satisfaction in helping other nurses publish and disseminate their work. Nurse editors are older and better educated. They also are receiving more manuscripts submitted to their journals and perceive this role as hard work but worth it. This is also the first study to report on the role of other levels of editors.ConclusionThis study provides a description of the current roles and practices of nurse editors. Nurse editors can bring more attention to the role and encourage more nurses to consider this role as an attainable and a satisfying one.Clinical relevanceBeing a nurse editor is a leadership role and one that many nurses may not consider as a career goal. Nurse editors can increase the visibility of this role and engage, encourage, and support nurses who are interested in this role.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effects of intraoral treatments for neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Cheng Ivy , Sasegbon Ayodele , Hamdy Shaheen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRehabilitative treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia, including oromotor exercises and sensory stimulation, have been widely adopted into clinical practice. However, the effects of these treatments are mainly supported by exploratory studies. As such, their clinical efficacy remains uncertain.ObjectiveOur systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraoral treatments for neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia based on evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsSix electronic databases were systematically searched between January 1970 and July 2021. Data were extracted and analysed by two independent reviewers. The outcome measure was changes in (any) relevant clinical swallowing‐related characteristics.ResultsData from 285 dysphagic patients were collected from 8 RCT studies across a range of intraoral dysphagia treatments. The pooled effect size of all intraoral dysphagia treatments was non‐significant compared to control comparators (SMD [95%CI] = 0.23 [−0.22, 0.69], p = .31; I2 = 73%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled effect sizes were also non‐significant for oromotor exercises (device‐facilitated lip resistance exercises and tongue exercises) (SMD [95%CI] = 0.11 [−0.76, 0.97]; p = .81; I2 = 88%) and sensory stimulation (thermal‐tactile, thermo‐chemical and electrical stimulation) (SMD [95%CI] = 0.35 [−0.03, 0.72]; p = .07; I2 = 0%).ConclusionsOur results showed that overall, intraoral dysphagia treatments, including oromotor exercises and sensory stimulation, do not show beneficial effects for neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. The evidence for these treatments remains weak and currently inadequate to support clinical use. Large‐scale, multi‐centre RCTs are warranted to fully explore their clinical efficacy.