bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-time solutions of scalar hyperbolic reaction equations incorporating relaxation and the Arrhenius combustion nonlinearity
Authors: Leach J A , Bassom Andrew P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider an initial-value problem based on a class of scalar nonlinear hyperbolic reaction–diffusion equations of the general form $$\begin{align*} & u_{\tau\tau}+u_{\tau}=u_{{xx}}+\varepsilon (F(u)+F(u)_{\tau} ), \end{align*}$$in which ${x}$ and $\tau $ represent dimensionless distance and time, respectively, and $\varepsilon&gt;0$ is a parameter related to the relaxation time. Furthermore, the reaction function, $F(u)$, is given by the Arrhenius combustion nonlinearity, $$\begin{align*} & F(u)=e^{-{E}/{u}}(1-u), \end{align*}$$in which $E&gt;0$ is a parameter related to the activation energy. The initial data are given by a simple step function with $u({x},0)=1$ for ${x} \le 0$ and $u({x},0)=0$ for ${x}&gt; 0$. The above initial-value problem models, under certain simplifying assumptions, combustion waves in premixed gaseous fuels; here, the variable $u$ represents the non-dimensional temperature. It is established that the large-time structure of the solution to the initial-value problem involves the evolution of a propagating wave front, which is of reaction–diffusion or reaction–relaxation type depending on the values of the problem parameters $E$ and $\varepsilon $.
Prognostic Nutritional Index and Major Adverse Cardiac Events After Burn Surgery: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Kim Hee Yeong , Yu Jihion , Kong Yu-Gyeong , Park Jun-Young , Shin Donghyeok , Seo Young Joo , Kim Young-Kug 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Burn injuries can cause significant malnutrition, leading to cardiovascular impairments. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) predicts postoperative complications. We evaluated the impact of preoperative PNI on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after burn surgery. PNI was calculated using the equation, 10×(serum albumin level)+0.005×(total lymphocyte count). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictors for MACE at 6 months after burn surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve and propensity score matching analyses were conducted. Additionally, Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to compare postoperative 1-year mortality between MACE and non-MACE groups. MACE after burn surgery occurred in 184 (17.5%) of 1049 patients. PNI, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and TBSA burned were significantly related to MACE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PNI was 0.729 (optimal cutoff value = 35). After propensity score matching, the incidence of MACE in the PNI &lt;35 group was higher than that in the PNI ≥35 group (20.1% vs 9.6%, P &lt; .001). PNI &lt;35 was related to an increased incidence of MACE (odds ratio = 2.373, 95% confidence interval = 1.499–3.757, P &lt; .001). The postoperative 1-year mortality was higher in the MACE group than in the non-MACE group (54.9% vs 9.1%, P &lt; .001). Preoperative PNI was a predictor for MACE after burn surgery. PNI &lt;35 was significantly related to an increased incidence of MACE. Moreover, MACE was related to higher postoperative 1-year mortality.
The TELPERION survey for distant [O iii] clouds around luminous and hibernating AGN
Authors: Keel William C , Moiseev Alexei , Kozlova D V , Ikhsanova A I , Oparin D V , Uklein R I , Smirnova A A , Eselevich M V 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a narrow-band [O iii] imaging survey of 111 active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts and 17 merging-galaxy systems, in search of distant extended emission-line regions (EELRs) around AGNs (either extant or faded). Our data reach deeper than detection from the broad-band SDSS data and cover a wider field than some early emission-line surveys used to study extended structure around AGNs. Spectroscopic follow-up confirms two new distant AGN-ionized clouds, in the merging systems NGC 235 and NGC 5514, projected at 26 and 75 kpc from the nuclei (respectively). We also recover the previously known region in NGC 7252. These results strengthen the connection between EELRs and tidal features; kinematically quiescent distant EELRs are virtually always photoionized tidal debris. We see them in ≈10 per cent of the galaxies in our sample with tidal tails. Energy budgets suggest that the AGN in NGC 5514 has faded by &gt;3 times during the extra light traveltime ≈250 000 yr from the nucleus to the cloud and then to the observer; strong shock emission in outflows masks the optical signature of the AGN. For NGC 235 our data are consistent with but do not unequivocally require variation over ≈85 000 yr. In addition to these very distant ionized clouds, we find luminous and extensive line emission within four galaxies – IC 1481, ESO 362-G08, NGC 5514, and NGC 7679. Among these, IC 1481 shows apparent ionization cones, a rare combination with its LINER AGN spectrum. In NGC 5514, we measure a 7-kpc shell expanding at ≈370 km s−1 west of the nucleus.
Do quasar X-ray and UV flux measurements provide a useful test of cosmological models?
Authors: Khadka Narayan , Ratra Bharat 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The recent compilation of quasar (QSO) X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) flux measurements include QSOs that appear to not be standardizable via the X-ray luminosity and UV luminosity (LX–LUV) relation and so should not be used to constrain cosmological model parameters. Here, we show that the largest of seven sub-samples in this compilation, the SDSS-4XMM QSOs that contribute about 2/3 of the total QSOs, have LX–LUV relations that depend on the cosmological model assumed and also on redshift, and is the main cause of the similar problem discovered earlier for the full QSO compilation. The second and third biggest sub-samples, the SDSS-Chandra and XXL QSOs that together contribute about 30 per cent of the total QSOs, appear standardizable, but provide only weak constraints on cosmological parameters that are not inconsistent with the standard spatially flat ΛCDM model or with constraints from better-established cosmological probes.
Transient quasi-periodic oscillations at γ-rays in the TeV blazar PKS 1510-089
Authors: Roy Abhradeep , Sarkar Arkadipta , Chatterjee Anshu , Gupta Alok C , Chitnis Varsha , Wiita P J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present periodicity search analyses on the γ-ray light curve of the TeV blazar PKS 1510-089 observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We report the detection of two transient quasi-periodic oscillations: A 3.6-d QPO during the outburst in 2009 that lasted five cycles (MJD 54906–54923); and a periodicity of 92 d spanning over 650 d from 2018 to 2020 (MJD 58200–58850), which lasted for seven cycles. We employed the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, Weighted Wavelet Z-transform, redfit, and the Monte Carlo light-curve simulation techniques to find any periodicity and the corresponding significance. The 3.6-d QPO was detected at a moderate significance of ∼3.5σ, while the detection significance of the 92-d QPO was ∼7.0σ. We explore a few physical models for such transient QPOs including a binary black hole system, precession of the jet, a non-axisymmetric instability rotating around the central black hole near the innermost stable circular orbit, the presence of quasi-equidistant magnetic islands inside the jet, and a geometric model involving a plasma blob moving helically inside a curved jet.
Intrinsic properties of the bars formed by the bar instability in flat stellar discs
Authors: Hozumi Shunsuke 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The properties of the bars formed by the bar instability are examined for flat stellar discs. The initial mass models chosen are Kuzmin–Toomre discs, for which two types of exact equilibrium distribution function (DF) are employed in order to realize different distributions of Toomre’s Q values along the radius. First, the most linearly unstable, global two-armed modes (MLUGTAMs) of these disc models are determined by numerically solving the linearized collisionless Boltzmann equation. Next, we carry out N-body simulations whose models are constructed from the DFs adopted above. The latter simulations unravel that the MLUGTAMs corresponding to those obtained from the former modal calculations are excited in the early phases of evolution, finally being deformed into bars in the non-linear regime by the bar instability. We show that for simulated bars, the length increases and the axial ratio, in essence, decreases as the amplitude increases. These correlations are almost similar to those of the observed bars. In addition, we find that these bar properties are tightly correlated with the initial typical Q value, irrespective of the DF. In conclusion, a disc with a smaller typical Q value produces a bar which is smaller in amplitude, shorter in length, and rounder in shape. This finding might suggest that the Hubble sequence for barred galaxies is the sequence of decreasing Q from SBa to SBc or SBd. The implied correlations between the initial typical Q value and each of the bar properties are discussed on the basis of the characteristics of the MLUGTAMs.
High-fidelity KKH variant of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 nucleases with improved base mismatch discrimination
Authors: Yuen Chaya T L , Thean Dawn G L , Chan Becky K C , Zhou Peng , Kwok Cynthia C S , Chu Hoi Yee , Cheung Maggie S H , Wang Bei , Chan Yee Man , Mak Silvia Y L , Leung Anskar Y , Choi Gigi C G , Zheng Zongli , Wong Alan S L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) holds great potential for use in gene therapy, and variants with increased fidelity have been engineered. However, we find that existing variants have not reached the greatest accuracy to discriminate base mismatches and exhibited much reduced activity when their mutations were grafted onto the KKH mutant of SaCas9 for editing an expanded set of DNA targets. We performed structure-guided combinatorial mutagenesis to re-engineer KKH-SaCas9 with enhanced accuracy. We uncover that introducing a Y239H mutation on KKH-SaCas9’s REC domain substantially reduces off-target edits while retaining high on-target activity when added to a set of mutations on REC and RuvC domains that lessen its interactions with the target DNA strand. The Y239H mutation is modelled to have removed an interaction from the REC domain with the guide RNA backbone in the guide RNA-DNA heteroduplex structure. We further confirmed the greatly improved genome-wide editing accuracy and single-base mismatch discrimination of our engineered variants, named KKH-SaCas9-SAV1 and SAV2, in human cells. In addition to generating broadly useful KKH-SaCas9 variants with unprecedented accuracy, our findings demonstrate the feasibility for multi-domain combinatorial mutagenesis on SaCas9’s DNA- and guide RNA- interacting residues to optimize its editing fidelity.
Deep near-infrared imaging observation of the faint X-ray point sources constituting the Galactic bulge X-ray emission
Authors: Morihana Kumiko , Tsujimoto Masahiro , Ebisawa Ken , Gandhi Poshak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The presence of the apparently extended hard (2–10 keV) X-ray emission along the Galactic plane has been known since the early 1980s. With a deep X-ray exposure using the Chandra X-ray Observatory of a slightly off-plane region in the Galactic bulge, most of the extended emission was resolved into faint discrete X-ray sources in the Fe K band (Revnivtsev et al. 2009, Nature, 458, 1142). The major constituents of these sources have long been considered to be X-ray active stars and magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs). However, recent works including our near-infrared (NIR) imaging and spectroscopic studies (Morihana et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 14; Morihana et al. 2016, PASJ, 68, 57) argue that other populations should be more dominant. To investigate this further, we conducted a much deeper NIR imaging observation at the center of the Chandra’s exposure field. We have used the MOIRCS on the Subaru telescope, reaching the limiting magnitude of ∼18 mag in the J, H, and Ks bands in this crowded region, and identified ${\sim}50\%$ of the X-ray sources with NIR candidate counterparts. We classified the X-ray sources into three groups (A, B, and C) based on their positions in the X-ray color–color diagram and characterized them based on the X-ray and NIR features. We argue that the major populations of the Group A and C sources are, respectively, CVs (binaries containing magnetic or non-magnetic white dwarfs with high accretion rates) and X-ray active stars. The major population of the Group B sources is presumably white dwarf (WD) binaries with low mass accretion rates. The Fe K equivalent width in the composite X-ray spectrum of the Group B sources is the largest among the three and comparable to that of the Galactic bulge X-ray emission. This leads us to speculate that there are numerous WD binaries with low mass accretion rates which are not recognized as CVs but are the major contributor of the apparently extended X-ray emission.
Exploring the Preference for Fatigue-avoidance Goals as a Mediator Between Pain Catastrophizing, Functional Impairment, and Walking Behavior in Women With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Velasco Lilian , López-Gómez Irene , Gutiérrez Lorena , Écija Carmen , Catalá Patricia , Peñacoba Cecilia 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
Along with the symptoms of pain and fatigue, pain catastrophizing and avoidance behaviors are highly prevalent and associated with functional impairment in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Although pain and fatigue affect patients’ quality of life, research has been exclusively focused on how pain affects physical activity and exercise. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of pain catastrophizing and preference for fatigue-avoidance goals in walking behavior and functional impairment in women with FM.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study the sample was composed of 76 participants aged 18 years and older (mean age=55.05, SD=7.70). The study evaluated pain catastrophizing, preference for fatigue-avoidance goals, functional impairment, and walking behavior along with sociodemographic variables and clinical data.

Results:
Pain catastrophizing was associated with preference for fatigue-avoidance goals and this preference was associated with greater functional impairment and less distance walked. Path analysis supported the mediating role of preference for fatigue-avoidance goals in the relationship between pain catastrophizing and walking behavior and between pain catastrophizing and functional impairment. Furthermore, pain catastrophizing predicted greater preference for fatigue-avoidance goals which predicted more problems in functioning and less distance walked.

Discussion:
The present study may help clarify the connection between the factors that stop individuals with FM from implementing beneficial behaviors such as walking, and thus, allowing for the design of psychological interventions that seek to maintain physical functioning despite experiencing fatigue.
Distal Humerus Traction Radiographs: Is the Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability Comparable With Computed Tomography?
Authors: Galloway Joseph D. , Shymon Stephen J. , Adams Mark R. , Reilly Mark C. , Sirkin Michael S. , Hreha Jeremy , Jung Michael T. , Madi Naji , Siracuse Brianna L. , Ahmed Irfan , Vosbikian Michael M. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
To compare the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of traction radiographs with 2-dimensional computed tomography (2D CT) in distal humerus fracture classification and characterization.

Design:
Randomized controlled radiographic review of retrospectively collected data.

Setting:
Academic Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Skeletally mature patients with intra-articular distal humerus fractures with both traction radiographs and CT scans were reviewed by 11 orthopaedists from different subspecialties and training levels.

Intervention:
The intervention involved traction radiographs and 2D CT.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The main outcome measurements included interobserver and intraobserver reliability of fracture classification by the OTA/AO and Jupiter–Mehne and determination of key fracture characteristics.

Results:
For the OTA/AO and Jupiter–Mehne classifications, we found a moderate intraobserver agreement with both 2D CT and traction radiographs (κ = 0.70–0.75). When compared with traction radiographs, 2D CT improved the interobserver reliability of the OTA/AO classification from fair to moderate (κ = 0.3 to κ = 0.42) and the identification of a coronal fracture from slight to fair (κ = 0.2 to κ = 0.34), which was more pronounced in a subgroup analysis of less-experienced surgeons. When compared with 2D CT, traction radiographs improved the intraobserver reliability of detecting stable affected articular fragments from fair to substantial (κ = 0.4 to κ = 0.67).

Conclusions:
Traction radiographs provide similar diagnostic characteristics as 2D CT in distal humerus fractures. For less-experienced surgeons, 2D CT may improve the identification of coronal fracture lines and articular comminution.
Effect of Quality of Caregiver–Adolescent Relationship on Sexual Debut, Transactional Sex, and on Age-Disparate Relationships Among Young Women in Rural South Africa Enrolled in HPTN 068
Authors: Shangase Nosipho , Edwards Jess , Pence Brian , Aiello Allison , Hussong Andrea , Gómez-Olivé Xavier , Kahn Kathleen , Stoner Marie , Pettifor Audrey 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain burdened by the HIV epidemic. Positive caregiver–child relationships are associated with safe sexual behaviors in young people; yet, this literature often highlights the role of parent–child communication and parental monitoring, neglecting the importance of emotional relationships between a caregiver and adolescent.

Setting:
We used longitudinal data from HIV Prevention Trial Network 068—conducted among 2533 AGYW (13–20 years) over a period of 5 years in Agincourt, South Africa.

Method:
Kaplan–Meier and Cox models were used to estimate the effect of quality of caregiver–adolescent relationships (caring and closeness) on sexual debut, and log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between our exposures and transactional sex and age-disparate relationships.

Results:
Sexual debut was delayed among those who reported high levels of caregiver caring [hazard ratio: 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69 to 0.93] and caregiver closeness (hazard ratio: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.95). AGYW who reported high quality caregiver–adolescent relationships had a lower risk of transactional sex [caring: risk ratio (RR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.78; closeness: RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.67]. Similarly, those with high-quality caregiver–adolescent relationships were less likely to be in an age-disparate relationship (caring: RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.79; closeness: RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.90).

Conclusions:
Findings indicate high-quality caregiver–adolescent relationships are associated with delayed sexual debut, a lower risk of transactional sex, and having an older partner. Family-centered interventions are needed to improve relationships between AGYW and caregivers.
Conidiobolomycosis: a diagnostic challenge (case report)
Authors: Bhagia Vinita , Bansal Varun , Koparkar Vidyullata 
Published: December 2021

Introduction and importance:
Conidiobolomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous fungal infection affecting the rhino-facial region. It usually occurs in immunocompetent males with agricultural exposure. A high index of suspicion is required to achieve a timely diagnosis in such cases, as the infection usually responds well to early antifungal therapy.

Case presentation:
We share a case of this disease occurring in a 21-year-old male presenting with a right nasal mass and external nasal swelling. It could not be diagnosed correctly over 2 months at various hospitals before he visited our center, where we excised the mass via functional endoscopic sinus surgery and identified Conidiobolus coronatum as the causative agent based on histopathologic examination, and MALDI-TOF. The facial deformity resolved after 3 months of therapy with oral Voriconazole.

Clinical discussion:
In this report, we discuss the pathogenesis of Conidiobolomycosis, our diagnostic approach, and the use of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, which has not been reported extensively in the existing literature.

Conclusion:
In endemic regions, conidiobolomycosis should be considered amongst the differential diagnosis of a nasal mass associated with facial swelling. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to arrive at a timely diagnosis and begin early antifungal therapy.
Cold atoms meet lattice gauge theory
Authors: Aidelsburger Monika , Barbiero Luca , Bermudez Alejandro , Chanda Titas , Dauphin Alexandre , González-Cuadra Daniel , Grzybowski Przemysław R. , Hands Simon , Jendrzejewski Fred , Jünemann Johannes , Juzeliūnas Gediminas , Kasper Valentin , Piga Angelo , Ran Shi-Ju , Rizzi Matteo , Sierra Germán , Tagliacozzo Luca , Tirrito Emanuele , Zache Torsten V. , Zakrzewski Jakub , Zohar Erez , Lewenstein Maciej 
Published: December 2021

The central idea of this review is to consider quantum field theory models relevant for particle physics and replace the fermionic matter in these models by a bosonic one. This is mostly motivated by the fact that bosons are more ‘accessible’ and easier to manipulate for experimentalists, but this ‘substitution’ also leads to new physics and novel phenomena. It allows us to gain new information about among other things confinement and the dynamics of the deconfinement transition. We will thus consider bosons in dynamical lattices corresponding to the bosonic Schwinger orZ2Bose–Hubbard models. Another central idea of this review concerns atomic simulators of paradigmatic models of particle physics theory such as the Creutz–Hubbard ladder, or Gross–Neveu–Wilson and Wilson–Hubbard models. This article is not a general review of the rapidly growing field—it reviews activities related to quantum simulations for lattice field theories performed by the Quantum Optics Theory group at ICFO and their collaborators from 19 institutions all over the world. Finally, we will briefly describe our efforts to design experimentally friendly simulators of these and other models relevant for particle physics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’.
Loop-free tensor networks for high-energy physics
Authors: Montangero Simone , Rico Enrique , Silvi Pietro 
Published: December 2021

This brief review introduces the reader to tensor network methods, a powerful theoretical and numerical paradigm spawning from condensed matter physics and quantum information science and increasingly exploited in different fields of research, from artificial intelligence to quantum chemistry. Here, we specialize our presentation on the application of loop-free tensor network methods to the study of high-energy physics problems and, in particular, to the study of lattice gauge theories where tensor networks can be applied in regimes where Monte Carlo methods are hindered by the sign problem.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’.