bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Electromagnetics from the Perspective of Mechanics
Authors: Fan Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article attempts to provide a feasible understanding of electromagnetics from the perspective of mechanics. Among them, from the perspective of mechanics, charge can be understood as a form of electron momentum; electric current can be understood as a momentum flow; resistance can be understood as a momentum resistance of electrons; voltage can be interpreted as the potential pressure or energy level difference of the electron orbital potential; the electric field can be understood as a manifestation of the magnetic field of the current element. Finally, this article proposes a new understanding of some basic concepts of electromagnetics from the perspective of mechanics.
High Expression of CTSV in Bladder Cancer as a Predictor of Poor Prognosis: A Study Based on TCGA and GEO Database
Authors: Yao Zhiqiang , Zhang Jiajia , Chen Chaohu , Li Pan , Cao Jinlong , Han Dali , Li Jianpeng , Ying Lijun , Tian Junqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the most common malignancy of urinary system with a high recurrence rate. We aimed to explore the relationship between cathepsin V (CTSV) expression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.Methods: The RNA-Seq gene expression data and corresponding clinical information with BLCA were downloaded from TCGA database. The gene expression profiles of GSE13507 and GSE133624 were downloaded from GEO database. BLCA patients were divided into high and low expression group according to the cutoff value of CTSV expression. The relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics and CTSV expression was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to analyze the relationship between overall survival and clinicopathologic characteristics. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to identify enriched KEGG pathway.Results: High expression of CTSV was significantly correlated with pathological grade (OR = 1.662 for low vs. high), clinical stage (OR = 1.589 for I-II vs. III-IV), status (OR = 1.435 for normal vs. tumor), T stage (OR = 1.589 for T1-2 vs. T3-4), and M stage (OR = 4.499 for M0 vs M1). The expression of CTSV was significantly increased in BLCA compared with normal tissue (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that BLCA patients with high expression of CTSV had a poorer prognosis than low expression of CTSV patients (P = 0.0016). Univariate Cox analysis showed that high expression of CTSV was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (HR:1.662, 95%CI:1.209-2.286, P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression showed that high expression of CTSV was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in BLCA patients (HR: 1.495, 95%CI: 1.069-2.089, P = 0.019). We also used the GSE13507 and GSE133624 to verify whether CTSV was differently expressed in bladder cancer tissues and normal tissues. The results showed that CTSV expression was significantly increased in BLCA patients (P < 0.05). Finally, GSEA was used to show 22 enriched signaling pathways in a high phenotype.Conclusion: High expression of CTSV in bladder cancer is associated with poor prognosis and may serve as a new biomarker. In addition, the chemokine signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, tight Junction and cell adhesion molecules may be the key pathway regulated by CTSV in BLCA.
Hemimegalencephaly with Seizure: A Rare Congenital Malformation in a 22 months Old Boy
Authors: Jaiswal Vikash , Ruxmohan Samir , Hanif Muhammad , Naz Sidra , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Dy Inna Celina Apostol , Jaiswal Akash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Isolated hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare congenital malformation of brain development, remarkable for its extreme asymmetry, and is characterized by the overgrowth of part or whole hemisphere. The enlarged hemisphere is manifested by hamartomatous characteristics with a dysplastic cell array of atypical morphology. Traditionally the genetic theories regarding the pathogenesis of HME are considered due to disturbance in cell signaling during neuroblast migration, cell differentiation, and proliferation, pattering, and symmetry. HME can present as isolated or associated with several neurocutaneous syndromes. The clinical picture varies depending on the severity of the malformation; however, HME patients typically exhibit refractory epilepsy, macrocephaly, colpocephaly, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, hemibody hypertrophy, and hemiparesis. Early diagnosis is crucial because despite neuroimaging and pathologic evidence, hemimegalencephaly sometimes still is unrecognized. Also, misdiagnosed as obstructive hydrocephalus or cerebral neoplasm can lead to unnecessary surgical procedures. Although hemispherectomy has high morbidity, it is recommended early for patients with severe, intractable epilepsy. We report a diagnosed case of a 22-month-old boy hemimegalencephaly who presented with seizures attack and was successfully treated with antiepileptic medications.
Ethanol susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses
Authors: Nomura Toshihito , Nazmul Tanuza , Yoshimoto Reiko , Higashiura Akifumi , Oda Kosuke , Sakaguchi Takemasa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ethanol is an effective disinfectant against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, its effective concentration has not been shown, and we therefore analyzed the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on SARS-CoV-2. When SARS-CoV-2 was treated with varying ethanol concentrations and examined for changes in infectivity, the ethanol concentration at which 99% of the infectious titers were reduced was 24.3%(w/w) [30.0%(v/v)]. For reference, ethanol susceptibility was also examined with other envelope viruses, including influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, and Newcastle disease virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, and the 99% inhibitory concentrations were found to be 28.8%(w/w) [34.8%(v/v)], 24.0%(w/w) [29.2%(v/v)], and 13.3%(w/w) [16.5%(v/v)], respectively. Some differences from SARS-CoV-2 were observed, but the differences were not significant. It was concluded that ethanol at a concentration of 30%(w/w) [36.2%(v/v)] almost completely inactivates SARS-CoV-2.
Mining TCGA Database to Construct a RNA Binding Proteins-Related Prognostic Model for GBM
Authors: GUO Wenjing , Chen Rui , Deng Hui , Zhang Mengxian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma(GBM) is a common primary malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis, and currently effective therapeutic strategies are still limited. RNA binding proteins(RBPs) dysregulation has been reported in various cancers and is closely related to tumor initiation and progression. However, little is known about the role of RBPs in GBM.Methods: We downloaded RNA-seq transcriptome from TCGA database and differently expressed RBPs were screened between tumor and normal tissues. Then we performed functional enrichment analysis of these RBPs and based on univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis, hub RBPs were identified. Furthermore, we constructed a risk model based on hub RBPs and divided patients into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. To validate the model, CGGA database were conducted as a training set and then both survival analysis and ROC curve were conducted. We also developed a nomogram based on five RBPs, which made more convenient to observe each patient’s prognosis and validated the connection between patients survival and each hub RBP . Finally, we used GEPIA website to further explore the value of these hub RBPs. Results: A total 309 differently expressed RBPs were identified, including 145 downregulated and 164 upregulated RBPs. and the result indicated that they were mainly enriched in mRNA processing, RNA splicing, RNA catabolic process, RNA transport, spliceosome, ribosome and mRNA surveillance pathway. Five hub RBPs were identified and we observed that patients with high risk score were related to poor overall survival and the AUC of ROC curve was 0.752 in TCGA. The result was subsequently proved by CGGA, showing the good prediction function of the model. Then GEPIA website suggested that MRPL41, MRPL36 and FBXO17 were closely associate with OS in GBM. Conclusion: Our result may provide novel insights into pathogenesis of GBM and development of new therapeutic targets. However, further experiments in vitro and in vivo will be warranted.
Development of Weight and Age-based Dosing of Daily Primaquine for Radical Cure of Vivax Malaria
Authors: Taylor Walter Robert , Hoglund Richard , Peerawaranun Pimnara , Nguyen Thuy , Hien Tran , Tarantola Arnaud , Seidlein Lorenz von , Tripura Rupam , Peto Thomas , Dondorp Arjen , Landier Jordi , Nosten Francois , Smithuis Frank , Phommasone Koukeo , Mayxay Mayfong , Kheang Soy Ty , Say Chy , Neeraj Kak , Leang Rithea , Dysoley Lek , Kheng Sim , Muth Sinoun , Roca-Feltrer Arantxa , Debackere Mark , Fairhurst Rick , Song Ngak , Buchy Philippe , Menard Didier , White Nicholas , Tarning Joel , Mukaka Mavuto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background In many endemic areas, Plasmodium vivax malaria is predominantly a disease of young adults and children. International recommendations for radical cure recommend fixed target doses of 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg/day of primaquine for 14 days in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase normal patients. As for many antimalarial drugs there is evidence that children have lower exposures than adults for the same weight adjusted dose. We, therefore, aimed to develop 14-day weight-based and age-based primaquine regimens against high-frequency relapsing tropical P. vivax. Methods The recommended adult target dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day (30 mg in a 60 kg patient) is highly efficacious against tropical P. vivax and was assumed to produce optimal drug exposure. Primaquine doses were calculated using allometric scaling to derive a weight-based primaquine regimen over a weight range from 5 to 100 kg. Growth curves were constructed from an anthropometric database of 53,467 individuals from the Greater Mekong Subregion to define weight-for-age relationships. The median age associated with each weight was used to derive an age-based dosing regimen from the weight-based regimen.Results The proposed weight-based regimen had 5 dosing bands: (i) 5 – 7 kg, 5 mg, resulting in 0.71 – 1.0 mg/kg/day; (ii) 8 – 16 kg, 7.5 mg, 0.47 – 0.94 mg/kg/day; (iii) 17 – 40 kg, 15 mg, 0.38 – 0.88 mg/kg/day; (iv) 41 – 80 kg, 30 mg, 0.37 – 0.73 mg/kg/day; and (v) 81 – 100 kg, 45 mg, 0.45 – 0.56 mg/kg/day. The age-based regimen had 4 dosing bands: 6 – 11 months, 5 mg, 0.43 – 1.0 mg/kg/day; (ii) 1 – 5 years, 7.5 mg, 0.35 – 1.25 mg/kg/day; (iii) 6 – 14 years, 15 mg, 0.30 – 1.36 mg/kg/day; and (iv) ≥ 15 years, 30 mg, 0.35 – 1.07 mg/kg/day.Conclusion The proposed weight-based regimens showed less variability around the optimal dose within each dosing band compared to the age-based regimen and is preferred. Increased dose accuracy could be achieved by additional dosing bands. Pharmacokinetic data in small children are needed urgently to inform the proposed regimen.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ramanathan Kollengode , Shekar Kiran , Ling Ryan Ruiyang , Barbaro Ryan , Wong Suei Nee , Tan Chuen Seng , Rochwerg Bram , Fernando Shannon , Takeda Shinhiro , MacLaren Graeme , Fan Eddy , Brodie Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: There are several reports of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to guide clinical decision-making and future research.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from 1st December 2019 to 10th January 2021 for observational studies or randomized clinical trials examining ECMO in adults with COVID-19 ARDS. We performed random-effects meta-analyses and metaregression, assessed risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Survival outcomes were presented as pooled proportions while continuous outcomes were presented as pooled means, both with corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CIs]. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were duration of ECMO therapy and mechanical ventilation, weaning rate from ECMO and complications during ECMO.Results: We included twenty-two observational studies with 1896 patients in the meta-analysis. Venovenous ECMO was the predominant mode used (98.6%). The pooled in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients (22 studies, 1896 patients) supported with ECMO was 37.1% (95% CI: 32.3%-42.0%, high certainty). Pooled mortality in the venovenous ECMO group was 35.7% (95% CI: 30.7%-40.7%, high certainty). Duration of ECMO support (18 studies, 1844 patients) was 15.1 days (95% CI: 13.4-18.7). Weaning from ECMO (17 studies, 1412 patients) was accomplished in 67.6% (95% CI:50.5%-82.7%) of patients. There were a total of 1583 ECMO complications reported (18 studies, 1721 patients) and renal complications were the most common.Conclusion: Majority of patients received ECMO support for COVID-19-related ARDS. In-hospital mortality in patients receiving ECMO support for COVID-19 was 37.1%, similar to those with non-COVID-19-related ARDS. Increasing age was a risk factor for death. Venovenous ECMO appears to be an effective intervention in selected patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.PROSPERO CRD42020192627
Atrial fibrillation increased in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality in Critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Luo Yanting , Wu Bingyuan , Wu Yuankai , Peng Long , Li Zexiong , Zhu Jieming , Su Zhongzhen , Liu Jinlai , Li Suhua , Chong Yutian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to use a large database that contains information on patient intensive care unit (ICU) admissions to study critically ill patients with cirrhosis and the relation with atrial fibrillation and short-term and 4-year mortality. MethodsThe Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III database was used to identify patients with cirrhosis hospitalized in an ICU from 2001 to 2012. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the database. Clinical data and demographic information were collected for each patient in our study. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to examine the relation between atrial fibrillation and in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality. ResultsA total of 1,481 patients (mean age 58 years, 68% male) with liver cirrhosis treated in an ICU were included in the analysis, and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 14.2%. The in-hospital all-cause mortality rate was 26.60%, and patients who had a significantly higher rate of atrial fibrillation (21.57% vs. 11.50%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that atrial fibrillation was significantly associated with in-hospital all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19 to 1.95; P < 0.001), and 4-year all-cause mortality (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.13; P = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with atrial fibrillation had a significantly higher in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality rate than patients without atrial fibrillation. ConclusionsCritically ill patients with liver cirrhosis have a significantly increased rate of atrial fibrillation, and the presence of atrial fibrillation is an independent risk for in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality.
Post-Reading Comprehension Questions and Task Types in Vision: A Locally Developed Textbook for Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Saidi Mavadat , Karami Nilufar , Marooy Morteza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Responding to the call for perusing the post-reading comprehension questions in various EFL textbooks, the current study aimed to investigate the post-reading comprehension questions and task types in the Vision series including three student books and their accompanying workbooks in light of Freeman’s (2014) taxonomy. Following a descriptive content analysis procedure, the post-reading comprehension questions in each student books and its accompanying workbook were categorized and counted by the researchers and the Kappa coefficient was 0.97. The results revealed that Content questions were the most dominant type in all the student books and workbooks except for Vision 3 in which Language questions were the most frequent of all. The results also showed that the highest frequency of post-reading comprehension questions belonged to Explicit (Content) and Form (Language) in student books and Explicit and Implicit (Content), Form (Language), and Personal Response (Affect) in workbooks. The results of Kruskal Wallis test of independent samples indicated a significant difference in terms of Affect type across the student books and workbooks of Vision series. The findings raise the EFL material developers’ awareness of the existing post-reading comprehension questions and tasks to enhance the quality of reading sections of EFL textbooks. The results also help the teachers to supplement the books with the missing types and take a comprehensive approach to developing the learners’ reading skills.
A Long Term Follow Up of Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses for Correcting Intractable Pediatric Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Morkos Fathy Fawzy , Fawzy Nader F. , Bahrawy Mohamed El , Fathy Nada , Elkitkat Rania Serag 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Pediatric myopic anisometropic amblyopia is one of the most challenging clinical situations that can face an ophthalmologist. Conventional correction modalities for myopic anisometropic amblyopia, using spectacles, contact lenses, and/or occlusion therapy, may not be suitable for some pediatric patients or for some ocular conditions. This may lead to the development of amblyopia and loss of binocular vision. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the visual and refractive efficacy, safety, and stability of Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses (PC-pIOLs) for correcting pediatric myopic anisometropic amblyopia.
Methods

This case series, prospective, interventional study was conducted at Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. It comprised 42 eyes of 42 children with myopic anisometropic amblyopia and unsuccessful conventional therapy. After implantation of Intraocular Collamer Lenses “ICLs” (Visian ICL, Model V4c, STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, California, USA), postoperative follow up visits were scheduled, with subjective refraction and Pentacam imaging performed.
Results

The patients’ age range was 3 to 18 years (mean ± SD = 10.58 years ± 4.23). The mean preoperative SE was − 12.54 D ± 2.93. The results declared a significant improvement in the postoperative CDVA (P value < 0.01) and SE (P value < 0.01). The efficacy index had a value of 1.18 ± 0.3 and the safety index was 1.09 ± 0.24. The follow up visits had a mean ± SD of 14.67 months ± 16.56 (range of 1 to 54 months). The results showed a refractive stability, with slight (statistically insignificant) improvements in the subjective refraction between the first postoperative and the follow up visits. No postoperative complications were encountered.
Conclusions

The present study, with the longest reported follow up range, declared the long-term efficacy, safety, and stability of Visian ICLs for correcting pediatric myopic anisometropic amblyopia. The reported non-compliance with occlusion therapy validates the early implantation of Visian ICLs in cases of failed conventional therapy to guard against anisometropic amblyopia.
Analysis of Epidemiological Changes and Elimination Effects for Malaria in Handan City, China
Authors: Guo Ruiling , Zhuang Jing , Li Yanju , Deng Jian , Wang Xianfeng , Liu Jinsheng , Liang Shuang , Jin Zengjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The elimination of malaria requires high-quality surveillance data in order to detect and respond quickly to individual cases. In the 1960s and 1970s, Handan city experienced widespread malaria outbreaks, which was in line with the provincial and national epidemic patterns. Methods: Case-level data for the period 2011-2018 were extracted from China's National Infectious Diseases Information system and the rest cases were recorded municipal surveillance system from 1956-2010. Results: The incidence, accuracy and timeliness of case diagnosis, reporting and investigation in malaria were evaluated at elimination stage (2011-2018) in Handan city, China. From 2011 to 2018, 81 malaria cases were reported in Handan city, all of which were imported from abroad. The annual average incidence decreased to 0.11/100 000 in the elimination stage, while all malaria cases were male. Since the initiation of the National Malaria Elimination Programme in 2010, malaria cases were consistent with the increase in overseas export channels and personnel of labor services. Conclusions: The case-based malaria surveillance system in Handan worked well at the malaria elimination stage. This ensured that malaria cases could be diagnosed, reported and timely investigated at local level.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Natural Mutant of Feline Calicivirus Isolated From a Stray Cat
Authors: Li Hang , Wang Yuanhong , Chen Zongyan , Meng Chunchun , Liu Guangqing , Li Chuanfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the period of the epidemiological surveillance of Feline calicivirus (FCV) isolates, a natural mutant of FCV, designated SH1909, was successfully isolated from a stray cat in Shanghai, China. The complete genome sequence of SH1909 was also determined in this study. Sequence comparison and analysis show that thirteen unique aa residues substitutions and single-aa insertion of N or Y were observed in SH1909 when compared with other FCV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SH1909 was assigned into a major evolutionary branch and distantly related to vaccine strains. These results indicated that SH1909 was a natural mutant of FCV circulating in China, which has the potential to escape from immunity of FCV vaccine.
Relationship between Maxillary Arch Shape and Maxillary Labial Bone Dimensions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Assari Ahmad , Shokry Shereen , Al-Senan Dana , Alsbaih Tasnim , Alanazi Mada , Alostaz Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any relationship between the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall in the anterior portion of the maxilla and arch shape.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (age, 12–53 years) were selected from archived cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) cases. All maxillary front teeth were present in all the cases. The distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial bone crest and the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall at distances of 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the facial bone crest were measured.RESULTS: The distance between the CEJ and the facial bone crest ranged from 2.24 mm and 3.08 mm. No significant differences were found between the thickness of the bone wall at 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the crest. A significant difference was found between the U-shaped arch on one side and the V-shaped and square-shaped arches on the other side. The U-shaped arch and labial bone wall thickness were correlated at the 1-mm distance (F = (8, 276) = 3.24, p = 0.002). U-shaped and V-shaped arches were common in women, whereas square-shaped arches were common in men (χ2 = 105.5, p = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to associate arch shape and labial alveolar bone wall thickness.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The association between the U-shaped arch and bone wall thickness may constitute a new indicator for the tendency of the labial alveolar bone to resorb after extraction and placement of endo-osseous implants.