bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rio de Janeiro and other palaeodrainages evidenced by the genetic structure of an Atlantic Forest catfish
Authors: Lima Sergio M. Q. , Berbel‐Filho Waldir M. , Vilasboa Anderson , Lazoski Cristiano , de Assis Volpi Thaís , Lazzarotto Henrique , Russo Claudia A. M. , Tatarenkov Andrey , Avise John C. , Solé‐Cava Antônio M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe disjunct distributions of freshwater organisms along coastal drainages are usually explained by palaeodrainages formed during sea‐level retreats that connected currently isolated basins, or by river capture from tectonic adjustments between adjoining watersheds. We evaluate the relative importance of these events on the genetic variation of freshwater fishes inhabiting the Serra do Mar in eastern Brazil, a region with steep mountains and pronounced bays.LocationCoastal river drainages in southeastern Brazil.TaxonCatfishes of the Trichomycterus alternatus group.MethodsWe tested the effects of palaeolandscape connections (GIS‐reconstructed palaeodrainages and putative river captures) on the genetic structure (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) of T. alternatus from 15 drainages using phylogenetic reconstructions, lineage delimitation methods and analyses of molecular variance.ResultsTrichomycterus alternatus is monophyletic and comprised of three main lineages: two restricted to the basin at its northernmost distribution and another broadly distributed to the south. In the latter, seven major cytb clades were geographically compatible with the eight palaeodrainages, with three incongruences matching river captures previously described for the Guanabara Bay (GB). Shared haplotypes among isolated rivers flowing into GB provide the first molecular evidence of the ‘Rio de Janeiro’ palaeoriver.Main conclusionsDispersal via palaeorivers is an important process, but it is not enough to recover the most recent dispersive events. Therefore, integrating both palaeo‐riverine configuration (GIS‐based) and localized river captures (geological studies) is crucial to reveal the role of past geological and climatic events on the distribution of freshwater organisms. Taken together, these two factors significantly explained a high portion T. alternatus genetic structure along coastal drainages, revealing a palaeolandscape scenario that may have been used by other freshwater Atlantic Forest taxa.
Which way of design programming activities is more effective to promote K‐12 students' computational thinking skills? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Lihui , Hu Linlin , Zhou Danhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPromoting the cultivation of computational thinking (CT) skills in programming activities has become a key issue in the K‐12 curriculum, however, there is no unified conclusion on how to design programming activities to promote the acquisition of CT skills more effectively. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using programming to enhance K‐12 students' CT skills and explore the influence of various programming instructional design factors on the acquisition of CT skills. This study presents a quantitative meta‐analysis. A systematic search of randomized controlled studies on the influence of programming on CT skills. A total of 86 empirical studies with 114 effect sizes met the study selection criterion. The results showed that programming improved K‐12 students' CT skills in general (Hedges' g = 0.601, 95% CI [0.505, 0.697], p < 0.001). No publication bias was detected. Besides, we found that the interdisciplinary integration of programming, the duration of programming intervention within 1 week to 1 month, the class size of less than 50 students, and a reasonable selection of programming instruments and CT assessment types may be more conducive to promoting students' CT skills. Based on these findings, we suggest that programming instructional design should be planned reasonably to make the best use of technology towards developing students' CT skills. This will be of great significance to programming teaching and CT education in K‐12.
Emerging antifungal treatment failure of dermatophytosis in Europe: take care or it may become endemic
Authors: Saunte D.M.L. , Pereiro‐Ferreirós M. , Rodríguez‐Cerdeira C. , Sergeev A.Y. , Arabatzis M. , Prohić A. , Piraccini B.M. , Lecerf P. , Nenoff P. , Kotrekhova L.P. , Bosshard P.P. , Padovese V. , Szepietowski J.C. , Sigurgeirsson B. , Nowicki R.J. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Hay R.J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDermatophytosis is a world‐wide distributed common infection. Antifungal drug resistance in dermatophytosis used to be rare, but unfortunately the current Indian epidemic of atypical widespread recalcitrant and terbinafine‐resistant dermatophytosis is spreading and has sporadically been reported in Europe.ObjectivesTo explore the occurrence of clinical and mycological proven antifungal drug resistance in dermatophytes in Europe.MethodsA standardized questionnaire was distributed through the EADV Task Force of Mycology network to dermatologists in Europe.ResultsRepresentatives from 20 countries completed the questionnaires of which 17 (85 %) had observed clinical and/or mycological confirmed antifungal resistance, two countries published cases of antifungal resistance and one country had no known cases.ConclusionsThis pilot study confirms that both clinical and mycological antifungal resistance exist in Europe.
Optimal exercise parameters of tai chi for balance performance in older adults: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Le‐Cong , Ye Ming‐Zhu , Xiong Jian , Wang Xiao‐Qian , Wu Jia‐Wei , Zheng Guo‐Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTai chi is considered a safe and low‐cost treatment for improving balance ability among an older population. However, there is no existing evidence on the optimal exercise parameters of tai chi for improving balance in older adults.ObjectivesTo investigate the optimal parameters of a tai chi intervention to improve balance performance of older adults.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).SettingPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical and China Biology Medicine were searched from inception until November 30, 2020.ParticipantsAdults aged 60 years and over.MeasurementsTwo reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regressions were conducted to elucidate the impact of tai chi training programs on balance measures.ResultsTwenty‐six eligible RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled results showed that tai chi has moderate effects for improving proactive balance (weighted mean standardized mean differences [SMDwm] = 0.61, 95% CI 0.33–0.89) and static steady‐state balance (SMDwm = 0.62, 95% CI 0.30–0.95) and small effects for improving dynamic steady‐state balance (SMDwm = 0.38, 95% CI 0.03–0.73) and balance test batteries (SMDwm = 0.47, 95% CI 0.13–0.81) in adults over 60 years of age. The practice frequency could predict the effects of tai chi on static steady‐state balance, and the 24‐form simplified Yang style tai chi (45–60 min/session, more than four sessions per week and at least 8 weeks) was the most optimal.ConclusionsTai chi is effective at improving the balance ability of adults over 60 years of age. A medium duration and high frequency of 24‐form tai chi may be the optimal program for improving balance, but this evidence should be recommended with caution due to limitations of the methodology and small sample sizes.
Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in frail or disabled nursing home residents: COVID‐A study
Authors: Salmerón Ríos Sergio , Mas Romero Marta , Cortés Zamora Elisa Belén , Tabernero Sahuquillo María Teresa , Romero Rizos Luis , Sánchez‐Jurado Pedro Manuel , Sánchez‐Nievas Ginés , Señalada José Joaquín Blas , García Nogueras Inmaculada , Estrella Cazalla Juan de Dios , Andrés‐Pretel Fernando , Murillo Romero Antonio , Lauschke Volker Martin , Stebbing Justin , Abizanda Pedro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine in older adults with different frailty and disability profiles have not been well determined. Our objective was to analyze immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine in older adults across frailty and disability profiles.DesignMulticenter longitudinal cohort study.Setting and participantsA total of 134 residents aged ≥65 years with different frailty and disability profiles in five long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) in Albacete, Spain.Intervention and measurementsResidents were administered two vaccine doses as per the label, and antibody levels were determined 21.9 days (SD 9.3) after both the first and second dose. Functional variables were assessed using activities of daily living (Barthel Index), and frailty status was determined with the FRAIL instrument. Cognitive status and comorbidity were also evaluated.ResultsMean age was 82.9 years (range 65–99), and 71.6% were female. The mean antibody titers in residents with and without previous COVID‐19 infection were 49,878 AU/ml and 15,274 AU/ml, respectively (mean difference 34,604; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27,699–41,509). No severe adverse reactions were observed, after either vaccine dose. Those with prevaccination COVID‐19 had an increased antibody level after the vaccine (B = 31,337; 95% CI: 22,725–39,950; p < 0.001). Frailty, disability, older age, sex, cognitive impairment, or comorbidities were not associated with different antibody titers.ConclusionsThe BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine in older adults is safe and produces immunogenicity, independently of the frailty and disability profiles. Older adults in LTCFs should receive a COVID‐19 vaccine.
Carnosine improves aging‐induced cognitive impairment and brain regional neurodegeneration in relation to the neuropathological alterations in the secondary structure of amyloid beta (Aβ)
Authors: Banerjee Soumyabrata , Mukherjee Biswajit , Poddar Mrinal K. , Dunbar Gary L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAging‐induced proteinopathies, including deterioration of amyloid beta (Aβ) conformation, are associated with reductions in endogenous levels of carnosine and cognitive impairments. Carnosine is a well‐known endogenous antioxidant, which counteracts aging‐induced Aβ plaque formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous carnosine treatments on aging‐induced changes (a) in the steady‐state level of endogenous carnosine and conformation of Aβ secondary structure in the different brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, pons‐medulla, and cerebellum) and (b) cognitive function. Young (4 months) and aged (18 and 24 months) male albino Wistar rats were treated with carnosine (2.0 μg kg−1 day−1; i.t.) or equivalent volumes of vehicle (saline) for 21 consecutive days and were tested for cognition using 8‐arm radial maze test. Brains were processed to assess the conformational integrity of Aβ plaques using Raman spectroscopy and endogenous levels of carnosine were measured in the brain regions using HPLC. Results indicated that carnosine treatments improved the aging‐induced deficits in cognitive function and reduced the β‐sheets in the secondary structure of Aβ protein, as well as mitigating the reduction in the steady‐state levels of carnosine and spine density in the brain regions examined. These results thus, suggest that carnosine can attenuate the aging‐induced: (a) conformational changes in Aβ secondary structure by reducing the abundance of β‐sheets and reductions in carnosine content in the brain regions and (b) cognitive impairment.
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The role of vending channels in marketing: A systematic review and taxonomy of studies
Authors: Stoyanov Dobromir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough vending machines emerged centuries ago, only recently have they regained popularity. This study aims to provide a systematic review of available marketing literature on food and drink vending channels to delineate under‐researched marketing areas that require further investigation. Therefore, the abstracts of 2,409 articles were manually screened, of which 98 were retained as the most relevant for further synthesis. The author organized the existing marketing literature from a consumer point of view around three main areas (i.e., product safety management, health nutrition promotion, and stakeholders' commitment to policy measures) and three roughly equal time periods (i.e., 2000–2006, 2007–2013, and 2014–2020). The analysis identifies areas of vending wherein research is lacking: marketing trends regarding smart vending machines; consumer responses to vending experiences, especially cross‐culturally; and safety issues, which is especially pertinent with the increase in safety‐related articles since 2014 and the current COVID‐19 pandemic.
Homeschool Student Physical Activity Compared to Public/Private School Students: The 2017 US National Household Travel Survey
Authors: Tribby Calvin P. , Berrigan David 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool is an important place for physical activity (PA); however, little is known about how homeschool students' PA levels compare with public and private school students. This study estimated the national prevalence of PA levels of homeschool students compared to public and private school students.METHODSWe used the 2017 National Household Travel Survey for school‐aged participants (N = 31,486) to compare weekly PA (not active, light or moderate activity, or vigorous activity) by school type (public/private or homeschool) and school level (elementary, middle, and high school).RESULTSUnadjusted analyses found higher prevalence of physical inactivity for homeschool students, 14.2% (95% CI, 9.7‐18.7%), compared to public/private school students, 8.0% (95% CI, 7.1‐9.0%). For students who reported any PA, there was no difference in mean number of episodes for light or moderate PA [public/private: 4.2 (95%, CI, 4.1‐4.3), homeschool: 4.3 (95% CI, 3.9‐4.6)], or vigorous PA [public/private: 5.6 (95% CI, 5.5‐5.7); homeschool: 5.5 (95% CI, 4.9‐6.0)]. Results were comparable for covariate‐adjusted analyses.CONCLUSIONSA higher percentage of homeschool students report being physically inactive compared to public/private school students. However, data with more specific measures of PA intensity and duration are required to determine the potential magnitude of reported differences in behavior.
Evaluation of a Farm‐to‐School Intervention to Improve Locally Grown Vegetable Choices of Low‐Income, Primary School Students
Authors: Chiero Jesse D. , Mobley Amy R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe study objective was to determine impact of a Farm‐to‐School intervention on low‐income, diverse elementary school students' nutrition‐related attitudes, self‐efficacy, behaviors, and locally grown vegetable choices.METHODSSix elementary schools within 1 US school district were equally assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: Local Message, Nutrition Message, or Control. Locally grown vegetables (kale, green beans, zucchini, butternut squash, and beets) were served twice during lunch over 16 weeks. “Local” and “Nutrition” groups also received biweekly nutrition education and a messaging campaign in the cafeteria. Knowledge, attitudes, self‐efficacy, and related behaviors were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Vegetable selection was assessed using the food service daily production records. General linear model analysis, analysis of covariance, and t tests were performed.RESULTSStudents in the “Local” group (N = 81) had significantly improved nutrition‐related attitudes (p = .0001), preferences (p = .001), and overall vegetable behavior score (p = .002), compared to control (N = 79). There was no difference in overall locally grown vegetable choices, but local beet choices were higher in the “Local” (p = .005) and “Nutrition” (p = .02) groups compared to control.CONCLUSIONSMessages about local foods in school cafeterias may improve students' attitudes, preferences, and selection of certain locally grown vegetables.
International veterinary canine dyskinesia task force ECVN consensus statement: Terminology and classification
Authors: Cerda‐Gonzalez Sofia , Packer Rebecca A. , Garosi Laurent , Lowrie Mark , Mandigers Paul J. J. , O'Brien Dennis P. , Volk Holger A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMovement disorders are a heterogeneous group of clinical syndromes in humans and animals characterized by involuntary movements without changes in consciousness. Canine movement disorders broadly include tremors, peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorders, paroxysmal dyskinesia, and dystonia. Of these, canine paroxysmal dyskinesias remain one of the more difficult to identify and characterize in dogs. Canine paroxysmal dyskinesias include an array of movement disorders in which there is a recurrent episode of abnormal, involuntary, movement. In this consensus statement, we recommend standard terminology for describing the various movement disorders with an emphasis on paroxysmal dyskinesia, as well as a preliminary classification and clinical approach to reporting cases. In the clinical approach to movement disorders, we recommend categorizing movements into hyperkinetic vs hypokinetic, paroxysmal vs persistent, exercise‐induced vs not related to exercise, using a detailed description of movements using the recommended terminology presented here, differentiating movement disorders vs other differential diagnoses, and then finally, determining whether the paroxysmal dyskinesia is due to either inherited or acquired etiologies. This consensus statement represents a starting point for consistent reporting of clinical descriptions and terminology associated with canine movement disorders, with additional focus on paroxysmal dyskinesia. With consistent reporting and identification of additional genetic mutations responsible for these disorders, our understanding of the phenotype, genotype, and pathophysiology will continue to develop and inform further modification of these recommendations.
A retrospective validation of different scores of guideline adherence and infectious diseases consultation on candidaemia: The higher, the better
Authors: Calderón‐Parra Jorge , Herraiz‐Jiménez Jesus , Ramos‐Martínez Antonio , Muñez‐Rubio Elena , Callejas‐Diaz Alejandro , Diaz de Santiago Alberto , Sánchez‐Romero Isabel , López‐Dosil Marcos , Fernández‐Cruz Ana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, several scores to quantify compliance with the guidelines in candidaemia management (EQUAL, GEMICOMED, Valerio) have been developed. Evidence supporting the association of these scores to the prognosis is scarce. We aim to evaluate the performance of these candidaemia guideline adherence scores to predict candidaemia outcome.MethodsWe recorded retrospectively data from candidaemia episodes (January 2017‐December 2018). We analysed adherence to guidelines for candidaemia management according to EQUAL, GEMICOMED and Valerio scores, and we correlated those to outcome.ResultsFifty‐four first episodes of candidaemia were retrieved. Five patients who died in the first 48 hours after blood cultures were not included. Thirty‐day mortality in evaluable patients was 18.4%. Median adherence to guidelines according to EQUAL score was 17 (interquartile range [IQR]: 15‐19), and according to GEMICOMED was 86% (IQR: 72.5%‐100%). According to Valerio score, adequacy of antifungal prescription was 8.5/10 (SD: 1.9). A cut‐off of ≥17 for EQUAL or compliance >70% for GEMICOMED was associated with inferior 30‐day mortality (7.1% vs 33.3%, P = .028 and 7.9% vs 54.5%, P = .002, respectively). Infectious diseases (ID) evaluated cases obtained a better EQUAL score (>17; 82.1% vs 42.9%, P = .006), had inferior 30‐day mortality (9.4% vs 35.3%, P = .049) and a better antifungal prescription adequacy (Valerio score 9.0 vs 7.5, P = .011).ConclusionAdherence to guidelines for candidaemia management evaluated by means of EQUAL and GEMICOMED score was associated with a decreased 30‐day mortality. Adequacy of antifungal prescription can be ameliorated. ID consultation improved guideline adherence and was associated with decreased 30‐day mortality.
Medical adhesive‐related skin injuries in the neonatology department of a teaching hospital
Authors: de Oliveira Marcatto Juliana , Santos André Soares , Oliveira Ananda Jéssyla Felix , Costa Anna Caroline Leite , Regne Giulia Ribeiro Schettino , da Trindade Raquel Elias , Couto Débora Lara , de Souza Noronha Kenya Valéria Micaela , Andrade Mônica Viegas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedical adhesives are used to affix components to the skin. They are part of procedures performed by medical specialties because of their participation as constituents of different products, such as tapes, dressings, and electrodes.AimThis study aims to assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with, the development of medical adhesive‐related skin injuries (MARSIs) in patients treated with medical tapes in the neonatology department of a large teaching hospital in Brazil.Study DesignCohort study.MethodsAll premature newborns (gestational age from 28 to <37 weeks) admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of a teaching hospital, from March to August 2019, were followed up. Neonate skin condition was assessed based on the Neonatal Skin Condition Scale (NSCS). Data analyses were conducted in R software.ResultsIn total, 46 premature newborns were included in the study; 552 evaluations were performed—mean of 11.7 per patient. Most neonates (n = 41; 89.1%) used adhesive tapes, either paper tape (n = 37; 80.4%) or transparent film dressing (n = 34; 73.9%). Newborns' face and head were the most affected body regions (n = 125; 50.2%). Eight patients had MARSIs (19.5% of patients who used tape). NSCS scores (P value <.001) and the adopted warming system (P value = .01302) were associated with the occurrence of MARSIs. Incubators seem to be a protective factor for MARSI (OR = 0.048; IC95% = 0.0008‐0.75; P value = .013).ConclusionAdhesive tapes in premature newborns should be considered a risk factor for injuries. Although NSCS showed mild‐to‐moderate impairment and lesion severity was low, this event is relatively frequent in neonatal units.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAwareness of the risk associated with adhesive tape application and removal in newborns allow health services to better address the problem by enforcing good practices, elaborating better protocols, qualifying the health care professionals, and potentially selecting softer tapes for neonates.
Behavioral and electroencephalographic evidence for reduced attentional control and performance monitoring in boredom
Authors: Yakobi Ofir , Boylan James , Danckert James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoredom, the unfulfilled desire to be engaged in a satisfying mental activity, is an aversive state characterized by poor self‐regulation. There is ample evidence that both state and trait boredom are associated with failures of attention in both experimental and everyday settings. The neural correlates of boredom, however, remain underexplored. We recorded electroencephalographic signal from 83 participants during a resting state and while performing a go/no‐go task. We found a negative correlation between trait boredom proneness and power in the alpha and theta bands during the resting state. Furthermore, higher levels of task‐induced boredom were associated with reduced amplitudes for the P3 and error‐related negativity event‐related potentials. Increased commission error rates were also associated with higher levels of task‐induced boredom. We conclude that state and trait boredom are associated with inadequate engagement of attentional resources.