bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐day Dynamic Optimal Dispatch for Power System Based on Deep Q‐Learning
Authors: Tang Hao , Wang Shiping , Chang Kejun , Guan Jinyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSource‐load stochasticity affects the safety, stability and economical operation of power grid, and makes it difficult to design optimal dispatch. Currently, due to the low accuracy of day‐ahead forecast for wind power and load, dynamic optimal dispatch based on ultra‐short‐term wind power prediction is an effective way to reduce the power deviation in power system and to relieve the operating pressure on automatic generation control (AGC) unit. In this paper, by comprehensively considering the source‐load stochasticity, the dispatch properties of unit, and the constraints of AGC regulating range, we establish a dynamic optimal dispatch model to minimize the running cost of the underlying power system, including the coal consumption cost of thermal unit, and the output adjustment cost of both the dispatchable unit and the AGC unit. Since each dynamic dispatch order has an impact, direct or indirect, on the subsequent system operation, we formulate the dynamic optimal dispatch problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) problem. In this framework, a deep Q‐learning method is provided to optimize the dispatch strategy. Finally, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by means of numerical experiments on IEEE 30‐node system. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The utility of social network analysis for informing zoo management: Changing network dynamics of a group of captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) following an introduction of two young males
Authors: Radosevich Louisa M. , Jaffe Karin Enstam , Minier Darren E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComprehensive knowledge of social groups within zoos allows for better understanding of the issues surrounding group stability and how to provide captive animals with optimal care. A developing area of sociality research that works to improve this understanding is social network analysis (SNA), which allows scientists to apply quantitative measures of group systems to represent social structure. In December 2015, Oakland Zoo introduced two new males to the hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) exhibit. We examined the changing group structure of these baboons over the course of 6 months (July–December 2016) using social network analysis, specifically focusing on the changing social structure of the existing group and the utility of SNA methods for optimal care of captive animals. This study found that over time, the new males decreased their overall individual centrality, while some individuals had an increase in betweenness, a measure of an individual's intermediary role in the network. The results also illustrate the utility of social network analysis as tool for zoo management to examine how husbandry may have an impact on their animals, specifically for social species. Further research on the social networks of hamadryas baboon multi‐clan formation could provide more information about the societal structure of this primate species, as well as the use of social network analysis as a valuable tool in captive animal management.
Vector dark matter from a gauged SU(2) symmetry
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi , Yun Seokhoon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a scenario of dark sector described by a hidden SU(2) gauge symmetry which is broken by a vacuum expectation value(VEV) of a scalar multiplet. We discuss a general mass relation among SU(2) gauge bosons after spontaneous symmetry breaking which is determined by weight of gauge group representation associated with a scalar multiplet developing VEV. Then a model with quintet and triplet scalar fields is discussed in which hidden gauge boson can be dark matter(DM) stabilized by remnant discrete Z2 symmetry and resonant dark matter annihilation is realized by mass relation between DM and mediator. We estimate relic density and spin independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section searching for allowed parameter region.
Photophilic hadronic axion from heavy magnetic monopoles
Authors: Sokolov Anton V. , Ringwald Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a model for the QCD axion which is realized through a coupling of the Peccei-Quinn scalar field to magnetically charged fermions at high energies. We show that the axion of this model solves the strong CP problem and then integrate out heavy magnetic monopoles using the Schwinger proper time method. We find that the model discussed yields axion couplings to the Standard Model which are drastically different from the ones calculated within the KSVZ/DFSZ-type models, so that large part of the corresponding parameter space can be probed by various projected experiments. Moreover, the axion we introduce is consistent with the astrophysical hints suggested both by anomalous TeV-transparency of the Universe and by excessive cooling of horizontal branch stars in globular clusters. We argue that the leading term for the cosmic axion abundance is not changed compared to the conventional pre-inflationary QCD axion case for axion decay constant fa> 1012 GeV.
Clinical anatomy of the lumbar sinuvertebral nerve with regard to discogenic low back pain and review of literature
Authors: Quinones S. , Konschake M. , Aguilar L. L. , Simon C. , Aragones P. , Hernández L. M. , Abramovic A. , Tubbs R. S. , Bouzada J. , Valderrama-Canales F. J. , Vazquez T. , Sanudo J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Lumbar discogenic diffuse pain is still not understood. Authors describe the sinuvertebral nerve (SVN) as one possible cause. Body-donor studies are rare and controversial. Therefore, the aim was to revisit the origin, course and distribution in a body-donor study.

Methods
Six lumbar blocks (3 female, 3 male) aged between 59 and 94 years were dissected. After removal of the back muscles, lamina, dura mater and cauda equina, the anterior vertebral venous plexus, spinal artery and SVN were exposed and evaluated.

Results
43 nerves out of 48 levels could be evaluated. The origin of the SVN was constituted by two roots: a somatic and a sympathetic branch arising from the rami communicantes. In 4/48 intervertebral canals studied (8.3%), we found two SVN at the same level. In 35/48 cases, one SVN was found. In 9/48 cases, no SVN was found. The SVN had a recurrent course below the inferior vertebral notch; in the vertebral canal it showed different patterns: ascending branch (31/43, 72.1%), common branch diverging into two branches (10/43, 23.3%), double ascending branch (1/43, 2.3%) finalizing two levels above and a descending branch (1/43, 2.3%). In 12/43 cases (27.9%) the SVN had ipsilateral connections with another SVN. The distribution ended in the middle of the vertebral body supplying adjacent structures.

Conclusion
A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the SVN might lead to significant benefits in therapy of discogenic low back pain. We suggest blocking the SVN at the level of the inferior vertebral notch of two adjacent segments.

Level of evidence I
Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding
Environmental and economic issues concerning the use of wet scrubbers coupled to bagasse-fired boilers: a case study in the Brazilian sugarcane industry
Authors: de Mello Innocentini Murilo Daniel , Lovero Federico Giovanni , Ferreira Ariana Silva , Das Tapas K. , Tronville Paolo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For decades, wet scrubbers have been used to control particulate matter (PM) emitted by bagasse-fired boilers in the sugarcane industry. This choice was justified by their acceptable performance in meeting environmental standards, the abundance of water resources, and the fact that their operation was simpler and less expensive than other dry cleaning operations. However, the progressive tightening of PM emission limits, as well as the need for more rational water and wastewater management in these applications, has changed this aspect of the industry. Despite the extensive technical literature on wet scrubbers, the lack of up-to-date indicators of their performance in sugarcane industries has prevented the optimization of wet scrubbing processes. This paper clearly shows that the use of wet scrubbers can result in significant water and heat losses, as well as high operating costs for wastewater treatment stations (WTSs). Mass and energy balances were determined for a typical ethanol-sugar plant operating in Brazil, which is the world's largest sugarcane producer. The key boiler and scrubber performance indicators were evaluated experimentally over the course of a crop season and were compared to the legal particulate emission and water quality requirements in Brazil. The boiler processed an average of 114.8 t/h of bagasse containing 46.8% moisture and generated 4.75 t of gas and 28.2 kg of PM for each ton of dry burned bagasse. Of the total PM (ash and soot), 68% was collected as dry material in the grate, heat exchangers, and multicyclone; 25% was collected in the wet scrubber; and 7% was emitted to the atmosphere, in compliance with the Brazilian standards. The operation of the WTS linked to the gas cleaning system was inefficient, using 70% of the water to convey the dry PM retained in the boiler, heat exchangers, and multicyclone and only 30% to operate the wet scrubber. Evaporation caused the loss of 10.5% of the scrubbing water to the atmosphere. The transportation of moist cake (7.9 t/h, 78% wb) for disposal in fields resulted in significant fuel costs and water losses. The operation of the WTS accounted for 62% of the total capital expenditure of the cleaning system, while the wet scrubber accounted for only 38%. This work provides updated performance indicators and alternatives for optimizing a gas cleaning system to promote more rational water and wastewater management and savings for the sugarcane sector.

Graphic abstract
Required collection efficiency
for bagasse boilers based on the inlet PM concentration and emission limits imposed in Brazil, China, and most countries
Alarmingly High HIV Prevalence Among Adolescent and Young Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Urban Indonesia
Authors: Johnston Lisa G. , Soe Phyumar , Widihastuti Asti Setiawati , Camellia Artha , Putri Tarinanda Adzani , Rakhmat Fani Fadillah , Nurwandani Risky Annisa , Prabhu Shirley Mark , Sulaiman Nurjannah , Pronyk Paul M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndonesia’s HIV epidemic is concentrated among key populations. While prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) is high, transmission among young MSM (15–24-years-old) remains poorly understood. We conducted a respondent driven sampling survey of 211 young MSM in urban Bandung, Indonesia in 2018–2019 to estimate HIV prevalence and associated risk factors. Thirty percent of young MSM were HIV antibody positive. This is nearly 100-fold greater than Indonesia’s population prevalence and sevenfold higher than average estimates for young MSM across Asia and the Pacific Region. Individual risk factors associated with HIV infection were being 20–24 years old, having a steady partner and preferring the receptive position during sex. Issues of stigma, discrimination and social exclusion were common. Few young MSM who were open with friends and family members about their sexual identity. Among those that were, close to half reported experiencing feelings of aversion from these groups. Wider structural factors that reduce social tolerance, restrict the rights of young MSM and compel concealment of sexual identity are likely to fuel high-risk behaviors and limit access to essential testing care and support services including pre-exposure prophylaxis which is not yet widely available. Urgent health, social, legal and political actions are required to respond to these factors and reduce the disproportionate contribution of young MSM to Indonesia’s HIV epidemic.
Cartesian Differential Categories as Skew Enriched Categories
Authors: Garner Richard , Lemay Jean-Simon Pacaud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe exhibit the cartesian differential categories of Blute, Cockett and Seely as a particular kind of enriched category. The base for the enrichment is the category of commutative monoids—or in a straightforward generalisation, the category of modules over a commutative rigk. However, the tensor product on this category is not the usual one, but rather awarpingof it by a certain monoidal comonadQ. Thus the enrichment base is not a monoidal category in the usual sense, but rather askew monoidalcategory in the sense of Szlachányi. Our first main result is that cartesian differential categories are the same as categories with finite products enriched over this skew monoidal base. The comonadQinvolved is, in fact, an example of a differential modality. Differential modalities are a kind of comonad on a symmetric monoidalk-linear category with the characteristic feature that their co-Kleisli categories are cartesian differential categories. Using our first main result, we are able to prove our second one: that every small cartesian differential category admits a full, structure-preserving embedding into the cartesian differential category induced by a differential modality (in fact, a monoidal differential modality on a monoidal closed category—thus, a model of intuitionistic differential linear logic). This resolves an important open question in this area.
JWSAN: Japanese word similarity and association norm
Authors: Inohara Keisuke , Utsumi Akira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a new Japanese dataset, Japanese Word Similarity and Association Norm (JWSAN), comprising human rating scores of similarity and association for 2145 word pairs, with a clear distinction between word similarity and word association. Computational models of human semantic memory or mental lexicon, such as distributed semantic models, must predict not only association but also similarity. People can distinguish between word similarity and association. However, although the SimLex-999 dataset is publicly available for English, there is no Japanese similarity dataset with a clear distinction between the two types of word relatedness. JWSAN is the first large Japanese dataset with similarity and association ratings, containing noun, verb, and adjective word pairs. It is also characterized by data collection from a sufficient number of age- and-gender-controlled assessors, with similarity and association ratings obtained via a web-based survey conducted of 6450 native speakers of Japanese. In addition, the effects of the gender and age of the raters were also examined; these factors were only given scant consideration in the past. This dataset can act as a benchmark for improving distributed semantic models in Japanese.
Effective Public Rental Housing governance: tenants’ perspective from the pilot city Chongqing, China
Authors: Yan Juan , Haffner Marietta , Elsinga Marja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, Public Rental Housing (PRH) has become the program of providing affordable rental housing to low- and middle-income households in China. Even though descriptions of the governance results are numerous, the previous studies are not underpinned by a theoretical foundation from a governance perspective, nor have they empirically examined whether PRH governance works on the ground. This explorative and empirical paper aims to fill this gap of an outcome-oriented evaluation of the impacts of governance as perceived by the final user. Central government formulated the objective for PRH governance as maintaining stability in the society. Whether the tenants perceive the goal of social stability as achieved was measured along three governance outcome dimensions: satisfaction with housing quality, satisfaction with housing quantity, and willingness to communicate with the government about PRH governance. Data were collected from questionnaires to PRH-tenants in Chongqing, the most important pilot city of PRH provision in China. The findings show that the perceived governance outcomes were quite mixed as tenants were moderately satisfied with PRH housing quantity, but less satisfied with housing quality, and thought they could relatively easily communicate with local government. In view of these mixed outcomes, to strengthen the effectiveness of PRH governance in the eyes of the tenants, this study suggests local governments: (1) to rethink and redevelop the performance evaluation; (2) to rethink the relations with non-governmental actors and organise a monitoring system that will assist in optimizing housing quality; and (3) to facilitate tenants’ communication with local government.
How to measure uncertainty in uncertainty sampling for active learning
Authors: Nguyen Vu-Linh , Shaker Mohammad Hossein , Hüllermeier Eyke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVarious strategies for active learning have been proposed in the machine learning literature. In uncertainty sampling, which is among the most popular approaches, the active learner sequentially queries the label of those instances for which its current prediction is maximally uncertain. The predictions as well as the measures used to quantify the degree of uncertainty, such as entropy, are traditionally of a probabilistic nature. Yet, alternative approaches to capturing uncertainty in machine learning, alongside with corresponding uncertainty measures, have been proposed in recent years. In particular, some of these measures seek to distinguish different sources and to separate different types of uncertainty, such as the reducible (epistemic) and the irreducible (aleatoric) part of the total uncertainty in a prediction. The goal of this paper is to elaborate on the usefulness of such measures for uncertainty sampling, and to compare their performance in active learning. To this end, we instantiate uncertainty sampling with different measures, analyze the properties of the sampling strategies thus obtained, and compare them in an experimental study.
Energy Spaces, Dirichlet Forms and Capacities in a Nonlinear Setting
Authors: Claus Burkhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article we study lower semicontinuous, convex functionals on real Hilbert spaces. In the first part of the article we construct a Banach space that serves as the energy space for such functionals. In the second part we study nonlinear Dirichlet forms, as defined by Cipriani and Grillo, and show, as it is well known in the bilinear case, that the energy space of such forms is a lattice. We define a capacity and introduce the notion quasicontinuity associated with these forms and prove several results, which are well known in the bilinear case.
The Role of Discrete Capillary Rings in Mass Transfer From the Surface of a Drying Capillary Porous Medium
Authors: Mahmood Hafiz Tariq , Tsotsas Evangelos , Kharaghani Abdolreza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe mass exchange between the surface of a model capillary porous medium and the adjacent gas-side boundary layer is studied in the limiting condition of isothermal, slow drying. In order to quantify the role and significance of liquid films in the mass exchange process, three-dimensional pore network Monte Carlo simulations are carried out systematically in the presence and absence of discrete capillary rings. The pore network simulations performed with capillary rings show a noticeable delay in transition from the capillary-supported regime to the diffusion-controlled regime. These simulation results differ significantly from the predictions of classical pore network models without liquid films, and they appear to be more consistent with the experiments conducted with real porous systems. As compared to classical pore network models, the pore network model with rings seems to predict favorably the spatiotemporal evolution of wet and dry patches at the medium surface as well as of their relative contributions to the net mass exchange rate. This is apparent when the analytical solution of the commonly used Schlünder’s model is examined against the numerical simulations conducted using classical and ring pore network models.
The patterns of curriculum change processes that embed sustainability in higher education institutions
Authors: Weiss Marie , Barth Matthias , von Wehrden Henrik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImplementing education for sustainable development (ESD) in higher education institutions (HEIs) is critical to facilitating a transition toward sustainable development. However, little is known about the specific implementation processes that lead to the institutionalization of sustainability curricula in HEIs. This meta-study and cluster analysis uses 131 international case studies to shed light on six distinct implementation patterns: (1) collaborative paradigm change, (2) bottom-up, evolving institutional change, (3) top-down, mandated institutional change, (4) externally driven initiatives, (5) isolated initiatives, and (6) limited institutional change. A cluster comparison reveals two distinct implementation phases: ESD can be implemented from the bottom-up, from the top-down, or both, and the impetus can stem from manifold external or internal stakeholders. To achieve more comprehensive ESD implementation, open communication among all stakeholders should be facilitated and feedback as well as reflection encouraged. Maintaining a unified vision statement and active participation of all stakeholders fosters a sense of ownership in ESD implementation and ensures that it will be long-lasting. Collaboration between isolated ESD initiatives and various stakeholders leads to shared knowledge and resources. Strong informal collaboration and communication can compensate for a lack of formalized leadership support from the top. Moreover, thorough planning that involves creating a strategy with detailed steps, and balancing shared responsibilities among internal stakeholders further enables fuller implementation of ESD. This analysis represents a first synthesis of small-N case studies and facilitates a better understanding of sustainability curriculum implementation patterns, which are shared in different contexts. Most HEIs and practitioners can benefit from these findings by reflecting on the specific implementation pattern with which the most overlap is found and focusing on this pattern’s most pertinent drivers.
Wear Behavior of Ti6Al4V Surfaces Functionalized through Ultrasonic Vibration Turning
Authors: Bertolini R. , Ghiotti A. , Bruschi S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEven if titanium alloys are widely used for biomedical applications, the tendency they show to wear is a matter of concern for their durability. In this research work, Ultrasonic Vibration Turning (UVT) was used to generate texturized surfaces on Ti6Al4V cylinders for improving their wear performances. To prove that, in vitro wear tests were performed, during which the UVT-ed Ti6Al4V cylinders were made to slide against polyethylene disks to replicate a currently used biomedical pair. It was shown that the UVT-ed Ti6Al4V cylinders were characterized by enhanced performances in terms of coefficient of friction and wear rate, which were reduced to 52 and 25%, respectively, compared to polished Ti6Al4V surfaces.