bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Policy Issues in Improving Child Health Services: A Child Advocate's View
Authors: Schorr Lisbeth Bamberger 
Published: December 2021

Child advocates share many goals with pediatricians. All of us, regardless of the perspective from which we approach the familiar issues, are dedicated to finding ways of improving the life and health of children. While the rhythm of the advocate's rhetoric and the cycle of our daily activities may differ from that of the health professional who works with and for children, most of us share a vision of a better world. Our efforts are informed and enriched by exposure to each other's views. None of us can afford to be doctrinaire; all of us must remain ready to look, case by case, issue by issue, at what is best for children and families.
The Children's Defense Fund is a child advocacy organization that grew out of the civil rights movement, the poor people's campaign of the 1960s, and a variety of efforts undertaken during that period to narrow the gap between federal promise and performance as it affected less fortunate people in our society.
By the early 1970s, there was increasing evidence that the problems faced by the poor and the Blacks were not as isolated as they had seemed. Marian Wright Edelman, who heads the Children's Defense Fund, and had been organizing through the South during the mid-Sixties, said at the time that "the problems that I thought were Mississippi poor and Black, turn out to be problems of children in Maine, Iowa and Beverly Hills."
The Children's Defense Fund was created to provide long-range, systematic advocacy for all children in the fields of health, education, juvenile justice, the handicapped, foster care, day care and child development.
Neonatal Mortality
Authors: Talbot Yves 
Published: December 2021

I was very interested by Dr. Wegman's article on vital statistics (Pediatrics 58:793, December 1976). Nevertheless, I would like to share some reservations that I have concerning the inference he made regarding the decrease in neonatal mortality: "The steady decline in the neonatal mortality rate, almost as rapid as that of the post-neonatal rate, does imply that care of the neonate has improved."
I would like to review the definition of neonatal mortality, enumerate some of the factors influencing it, and cite examples of the importance of those factors.
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Harris L. 
Published: December 2021

Today, when some critics of our juvenile-justice system are complaining that the system is incompetent in dealing with violent young criminals, other critics are complaining that it is showing amazing efficiency in locking up—often for long periods—troubled young people who have not been charged with committing any crime, violent or otherwise. Such young people, they point out, represent approximately forty per cent of the hundred thousand-odd children who will be sent to jail this year for at least twenty-four hours and of the twelve thousand who will be placed in juvenile-detention centers every day. These children, who are variously labelled Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS), Children in Need of Supervision (CINS), Juveniles in Need of Supervision (JINS), or Wayward Minors, depending on the state they live in, will be guilty of nothing more serious than being a burden or a nuisance. They are not juvenile criminals—they have committed no act for which an adult could be prosecuted. Mainly, they are children who are truant from school, who have run away from home, or whose parents (the majority of them poor) find them too difficult to manage. Under one name or another, the PINS judicial category is written into the laws of forty-one states, and children who are assigned to it occupy, according to one estimate, as much as forty-one per cent of the case load of juvenile courts....
Underlying all the state statutes [is] the doctrine of parens patriae drawn from English chancery law—that the court could act to resolve the problems of troubled children as if it were a parent.
Immunization Data Tracking
Authors: Laws Harry F. 
Published: December 2021

Because the number of unimmunized children seems to be rising, the American Academy of Pediatrics has called upon physicians caring for children to develop their own best method to insure completion of immunizations at the recommended time (News and Comment 28:7, October 1977). Follow-up, they say, is the clear responsibility of any physician or institution that undertakes the care of children.
Because of our relatively closed military community at Ellsworth Air Force Base, we have been able to develop the following workable system for tracking childhood immunizations.
Routine Chest X-ray Examination?
Authors: Baker David H. , Berdon Walter E. 
Published: December 2021

In reference to the article by Sane et al. entitled "Value of Preoperative Chest X-ray Examinations in Children"
(Pediatrics 60:669, November 1977), we would like to know if the authors broke down the abnormalities by age group—for instance, five-year segments. If so, did a preponderance of abnormalities of any variety occur at any particular age? We believe that should be stated, as it would strengthen their thesis if there was no difference between 0 and 19 years of age.
McATEE WINS HENRY K. SILVER AWARD
Authors: H. R. J. 
Published: December 2021

Patricia Rooney McAtee, Ph.D., was the recipient of the Henry K. Silver Award of the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates and Practitioners. The award, presented on October 22, 1978, was given for significant contributions to child health care and for the furtherance of the nurse practitioner movement's goals and objectives.
Dr. McAtee has been a member of the faculty of the School of Nursing and the School of Medicine of the University of Colorado. She was one of the co-developers of the school nurse practitioner program, and is president of the National Board of Nurse Practitioners and Associates, which she was instrumental in developing.
Patricia McAtee has been widely recognized for her contributions in the field of child health care. She was one of the first nurses to be elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and served on its committee to develop manpower policy for primary health care. She has been selected as a member of Who's Who of American Women and of Who's Who in America. She is a member of the Editorial Board of Pediatric Nursing and is the author of numerous articles which have appeared in nursing, medical, and school health journals.
Dr. McAtee has been a pioneer in the development of the role of the Pediatric Nurse Practitioner/Associate in the delivery of primary child health care. She has been a major contributor to the concept of team delivery service and has been instrumental in promoting collaboration between medicine and nursing to provide more comprehensive child health care.
Febrile Seizures
Authors: Majer Lani Smith , Charney Evan , Roberts Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

We read and thoroughly discussed the report by Wolf et al (Pediatrics 59:378, March 1977) and wish to commend these authors for their well-planned study and the wealth of data that it generated. However, there are several serious limitations in the usefulness of their results.
While the authors identify the "major influence on pediatric practice" that has resulted from Livingston's recommendation1 to distinguish a simple febrile seizure from a seizure with fever, they fail to make this distinction when analyzing their data.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Kempe C. Henry , Gershon Anne A. 
Published: December 2021

The studies of Zaia et al demonstrating a practical method for preparation of hyperimmune globulin, varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG), for passive immunization against varicella are encouraging. Consequently, in the future, it should be possible to obtain VZIG for high-risk children who have known exposures to varicella-zoster virus.
However, we believe that history has demonstrated that passive immunization is rarely a substitute for active immunization, and varicella is no exception to this rule. Passive immunization will be of no value if (1) persons are unaware that they were exposed or (2) they wait too long after exposure before notifying their physician.
CURE FOR COMMON SPECTATOR: ADULT PLAY AREAS
Authors: Margolis Joseph 
Published: December 2021

In recent years, taxpayers throughout the country have been asked to spend millions of dollars in support of the construction and refurbishing of stadiums and arenas, which are used primarily by a relative handful of highly paid professional athletes. . . .
Why are we spending so much on projects that can only benefit us indirectly? Have our values become inverted?
The answer is this: We are a nation of spectators, not participants. We don't seem to have the time, or the place . . . to engage in physical activity.
Assessing Immunization Services at a Neighborhood Health Center
Authors: Minear Ralph E. , Guyer Bernerd 
Published: December 2021

American children are not adequately immunized. The 1976 US Immunization Survey found that among children 1 to 4 years of age, more than 33% had never received measles or rubella vaccine, 40% had not received three doses of polio vaccine, and 30% had not received three or more doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine.1 For any of these vaccines, immunization levels were lower for children living in the central cities than for those living in suburban areas.1 Surveys in Massachusetts confirmed these national findings, with pockets of low immunization found in the inner city areas of Boston.2
Recognizing the risks inherent in these low immunization levels, the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW) announced an "immunization initiative" designed to achieve 90% coverage among two-year-olds by October 1979.3
Zinc Mistake
Authors: Smith Douglas 
Published: December 2021

The Committee on Nutrition's review of zinc (Pediatrics 62:408, September 1978) was informative and timely. We have recently switched to zinc acetate after experiencing some vomiting problems with a zinc sulfate preparation. I would, however, appreciate clarification of the statement that refers to an oral zinc acetate preparation of 13 mg per milliliter yielding approximately 1 mg of zinc.
Zinc acetate USP is available in the dihydrate form with a molecular weight of 219.5.1 Zinc, having a molecular weight of 65.37, represents 29.8% of the total molecular weight of zinc acetate dihydrate.
THE VALUE OF A SALT PORK COMPRESS IN THE TREATMENT OF A CHILD WITH SORE THROAT
Authors: Hale Amie M. , C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Amie M. Hale, M.D., in 1880 wrote a popular book for American mothers entitled The Management of Children in Sickness and in Health.1 She treated sore throat as follows:
External applications [for sore throat] do great good oftentimes. An old-fashioned but an excellent remedy is a slice of fat pork, cut very thin, stitched to a bit of muslin, and applied by means of a flannel bandage. It may first be sprinkled with salt or powdered camphor to make it act more quickly.
The value of these simple remedies depends largely upon skill in preparing and employing them. After the bandage is ready, the pork being nicely stitched upon it, warm it slowly until it becomes soft, flexible, and oily on the surface. Then, if the soreness is high up under the angle of the jaw, the ends of the bandage should be brought up on the head and carefully pinned, not so tightly as to be uncomfortable, but so as to keep the slice of pork in close contact with the skin. If the soreness is lower down, the bandage may be simply fastened around the neck. This must be kept on for some time. After twenty-four hours, a slight eruption will appear under the bandage, when it may be left off for a little while and afterwards reapplied. But in twenty-four hours we should expect a simple sore-throat to be very much improved.
A DAILY TRIP ACROSS THE HUDSON RECOMMENDED FOR TEETHING INFANTS
Authors: Mott Valentine , C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Valentine Mott (1785-1865), one of the foremost American surgeons of his day, in a supplement to Infant Treatment,1 by Mrs. Louisa Mary Barwell (1800-1885), had this to say about the value of pure air for infants suffering from teething:
When a child, pent up in the confined and impure atmosphere of our cities, has become emaciated by teething, and perhaps brought to death's door by cholera infantum, it is surprising to see with what rapidity he is restored, on removal to the pure air of the country. This seems to be a specific for nearly all the disorders, which arise from teething; and, accordingly, all our writers on diseases of children, recommend this as an indispensable, and the only remedy, almost, which is needed. We have been in the habit, for the last twenty years, of recommending to those who dwell in the city of New York, a daily trip, across the river to Hoboken, during the summer months, for children undergoing the process of teething, and we have found, where this has been practiced, that dentition has, in a very large majority of cases, been attended with little or no inconvenience.
Society vs the Wheelchair
Authors: MacElman Rose Marie 
Published: December 2021

Rose Marie became a patient of mine at the age of 2½, just one month after I began practicing pediatrics in July of 1962. She had typical childhood illnesses and seemed otherwise normal until March of 1965, when on her preschool physical exam I picked up mild ataxia and a positive Romberg's sign. This showed slow but steady progression, so a year later I referred her to a neurologist. He felt she had a progressive degenerative cerebellar disease of unknown etiology. At that time, her only problems were an unsteady gait and "shaky" handwriting. In 1971 her sister, five years younger, was noted to have an identical disability.
By 1972, Rose Marie had ECG abnormalities consistent with Friedreich's ataxia. By that time she was confined to a wheelchair, had slurred speech, and a progressive scoliosis. In five more years she had developed diabetes mellitus (felt to be unrelated), occasional choking spells, and marked weakness and ataxia of her upper as well as lower limbs, distally more than proximally. She has absent deep tendon reflexes and loss of position and vibratory sensation in the lower limbs.
Despite her problems, Rose Marie is a B student and a very personable young lady. In the spring of 1978, a few months before she was to graduate from high school, I was sent a form from the state vocational rehabilitation director regarding her potential and prognosis. Although I felt I knew Rose Marie as well as any of my patients, my immediate reaction was, "Rehabilitation?
WHY DO YOU WRITE?
Authors: Healy J. B. 
Published: December 2021

Sir: The number of medical papers published is monstrously large. How much has one really learned from last year's erratic efforts to read journals? And think of all the work involved in producing the published and the unpublished papers, the millions of blood samples, and the laboratory tests, and of all the assistants, medical and paramedical, who had to be employed; and think of all the people who were measured and tested as controls. Was the primary object of all this to improve the treatment of disease or to publish papers? If the former, then publishing is only a secondary object—that of letting other doctors know something that may be of use to them. But if publication is the primary object, then one naturally suspects that the work is being done for advancement and benefit of the author(s); it is scarcely being done for the benefit of other practitioners.
It seems to me that we should, for an experimental period of a year, declare a moratorium on the appending of authors' names and the names of hospitals to articles in medical journals. Just print the article.
If the dissemination of information is the reason why papers are submitted for publication, there will be no falling-off in the numbers offered. If the honest search for better treatment is the object of trials, there will be no lessening of the amount of tests and measurements performed in hospitals. But if there is a big saving in costs in the Health Service and far less material is offered to the journals, we shall have unmasked ourselves.
Physician Extenders and the Cost of Medical Care, January 1979
Authors: Davidson Stephen M. , Connelly John P. 
Published: December 2021

The existing evidence does not support increasing the number of physician extenders as a reliable cost-containing measure. More research is needed on the conditions under which they can limit costs and those under which they may increase costs.
There may be other reasons for use of physician extenders, however, such as to maintain existing levels of productivity and allow the physician to work shorter and better scheduled hours; to replace foreign medical graduates as hospital staff; and to increase comprehensiveness of cane and maintain continuity.
THE SOCIALIZATION OF THE NEW PROFESSIONAL
Authors: Larson M. L. 
Published: December 2021

For most recognized professions, an orderly career begins with training in professional schools or universities. The authoritative and authoritatian framework of relations between teachers and students is a fundamental element of institutionalized professional socialization. The hierarchy of excellence and prestige by means of which a profession legitimizes its internal stratification is produced in the university; professional recruits internalize it, first, in that context. The student's inevitable subordination and acceptance of his teachers' supervision are immediately and tacitly justified in terms of the teachers' greater expertise. The interrelations between the context of training and the contexts of practice are personalized; the teaching elites of a profession are often elite practitioners in the field. In any case, their personal sponsorship guarantees the proper socialization of the students to the professional world outside the school. As Friedson and Rhea remark: "Successful completion of a professional education in an objective measure of . . . technical and normative socialization, but its inadequacy seems to be implied by the characteristic tendency of professionals to rely on personal testimonials and recommendations."
These personalized warrants do more than simply insure the adequate socialization of the new professional, guaranteeing that his "compliance and consent" will not be too difficult to obtain; they reinforce the control by an elite and the latter's legitimacy. Prestige filters down, from the "great men" in a field to those who study or work under them, through ideological mechanisms; the formation of cults and the vicarious enjoyment of the great man's prestige by his underlings are characteristic of the training situation, but they also extend to the world of work.
Do Low-Calorie, High-Protein Diets Lead to Obesity?
Authors: Barness Lewis A. 
Published: December 2021

Nutritional surveys of wide interest are rare. They usually are not applicable except to populations under study, and are frequently skipped by the reader unless he or she is a member of or closely involved with that population.
In this issue of Pediatrics (p 713), Palti et al report on a nutritional survey of young children in Jerusalem. Their data collection suffers from the error most frequently made in nutritional surveys, namely, that the data were obtained by means of a 24-hour recall, which is well known to be fraught with errors. Anthropologists have mdicated that the only proper way of learning what a population consumes is to live day-by-day in the household.
Adolescent Pregnancy—Where Is the Unwed Teenage Father?
Authors: Elster Arthur B. , Panzarine Susan 
Published: December 2021

As discussed by McAnarney et al (Pediatrics 61:199, February 1978), a comnprehensive teenage maternity program can have an effect on reducing the psychosocial risk of repeat pregnancy. School attendamice figures and reliance on government financial assistance, however, did not differ between the groups they studied. Perhaps the missing key to reducing the psychosocial risks of teenage pregnancy may be found by including the girl's partner in the activities offered by maternity programs.
Since the work of Pannor et al1 in 1969, there has been a paucity of literature addressing the subject of the unmarried teenage father, and health care providers show little interest in encouraging these teenage boys to share in the responsibility of the pregnancy.
Nonoperative Management of Distal Fingertip Amputations in Children
Authors: Rosenthal Laurie J. , Reiner Mark A. , Bleicher Michael A. 
Published: December 2021

Success with the uncommonly recognized technique of nonoperative management of fingertip amputations in children has prompted presentation of four cases so treated in our institution. Previously, fingertips amputated distal to the distal interphalangeal joint have been observed to regenerate in children under 12 years of age.1,2
MATERIAL
Our patients were 1, 2, 4, and 9 years old. They had injured the thumb, middle, index, and small fingers, respectively. The levels of amputation are seen in Fig 1. Three injuries transsected the distal bone. All cases were evaluated for extent of injury and chosen for nonoperative therapy (Fig 2). The wounds were cleansed with antiseptic solution and dressed with fine mesh absorbent gauze impregnated with bismuth tribromophenate 3% in petrolatum blend (Xeroform) and sterile gauze bandage. To encourage mobility, no splints were used. Dressings were changed one week after injury and bi-weekly thereafter. All children were free of pain within 24 hours after treatment. Healing began at three weeks and was completed 12 weeks after injury. Good cosmetic and functional result with regeneration of the fingertip including nail was observed in each case (Fig 3).
DISCUSSION
Douglas1 and Illingworth2 were among the early proponents of the nonsurgical management of children's fingertip injuries. Despite their well-documented success with this treatment, it is not widely practiced. Many3-5 continue to advocate reimplantation of the amputated tip, suture closure, or skin graft and flap application to the amputated stump. However, these techniques should be reserved for injuries to the proximal two phalanges or for disarticulation injuries where regeneration is not seen.
Pediatrics Editorial: Obstruction of CSF Shunts
Authors: Freeman John M. , D'Souza Bernard 
Published: December 2021

The development of improved shunting devices has allowed most children with hydrocephalus to survive, lead normal lives, and be of normal intelligence.1-3 Many different devices incorporating different ventricular ends, different types of one-way valves, and different distal ends all have one common purpose—to divert cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid from within the head into the blood stream or the peritoneal cavity where absorption can take place.
Despite these advances, complications of shunting procedures remain4 (see also Neuren and Ellison in this issue, (p 90). The prompt recognition and management of these complications should eliminate the mortality and markedly decrease the morbidity associated with shunts.
Which One Is Best?
Authors: DeNicola Lucian K. 
Published: December 2021

Goldsberg, Berne, and Oski's report of CT scanning for orbital cellulitis (Pediatrics 12:1000, 1978) brought to mind a patient whom I cared for during my residency who had three recurrences of unilateral orbital cellulitis within a two-month period, each of which resolved easily on antibiotics. An echo scan investigation revealed a solid orbital tumor.
Would Drs. Goldsberg et al or perhaps other editors comment on this less expensive, more available technique to evaluate the infections discussed in this article?