bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penyuluhan Customer Service dan Positioning Product pada PT. Barus Indah di Kota Medan
Authors: Nasution Aulia Arief , Rambe Rizki Fillhayati 
Published: November 2021

Transportasi merupakan sarana yang penting dalam kelangsungan roda perekonomian. Kebutuhan akan transportasi semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia. Untuk di kota medan khususnya, sarana transportasi antar kota jenis travel masih menjadi pilihan karena memiliki keunggulan jika dibandingkan dengan transportasi darat lainnya. Semakin ketatnya persaingan bisnis yang ada, terutama persaingan yang berasal dari perusahaan sejenis, membuat perusahaan semakin dituntut lebih ekstra dalam menarik pelanggan. Sehingga perusahaan dalam menerapkan konsep pemasaran perlu mencermati faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembeli dalam usaha pemasaran jasanya. Selain itu perusahaan harus mampu memelihara konsumen pasca penggunaan jasanya. Mitra kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah PT. Barus Indah. PT. Barus Indah merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang transportasi di Kota Medan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra yaitu masih belum menyadari mengenai pentingnya pelayanan terhadap pelanggan, dan cara memposisikan jasa mereka dihadapan pelanggan. Melalui kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini, PT. Barus Indah akan diberikan bekal pengetahuan mengenai Penguatan Sumber Daya Manusia dengan Customer Service, dan memposisikan jasa mereka dihadapan konsumen dengan Positioning Product, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan perusahaan dan lebih dikenal di masyakarat, walaupun persaingan usaha sejenis semakin bertambah. Pelaksanaan pelatihan di PT. Barus Indah berjalan sesuai dengan harapan. Banyaknya pertanyaan saat pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa peserta mampu memahami materi pelatihan customer service maupun positioning produk. Dampak dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah PT. Barus Indah lebih memahami berbagai cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk dapat bersaing dengan perusahaan sejenis dan memenangkan hati pelanggan.
Basal Ganglia Germ Cell Tumors With or Without Sellar Involvement: A Long-Term Follow-Up in a Single Medical Center and a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Li , Ma Wenbin , Pan Hui , Wang Renzhi , Zhu Huijuan , Yao Yong 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundBasal ganglia germ cell tumors (BGGCTs) represent an extremely rare subset of tumors about which little is known. Some patients suffer from tumor dissemination, such as sellar involvement. This study aimed to evaluate the independent prognostic risk factors of patients with BGGCTs with or without sellar involvement.MethodsSixteen patients were diagnosed with BGGCTs at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2020. A literature review was performed on the online databases Medline and PubMed, and 76 cases in the 19 retrieved articles were identified at the same time. The data regarding biochemical tests, radiological examinations, and outcomes during follow-up were analyzed.ResultsOf 92 patients in this study, seven patients were clinically diagnosed as germinomas, with the remaining 85 patients receiving surgery. Fifty-two patients suffered from multifocal lesions or tumor dissemination. The patients with BGGCTs demonstrated a significant male predilection. The patients with delayed diagnosis more likely had cognitive disturbance (p = 0.028), mental disturbance (p = 0.047), and diabetes insipidus (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the independent poor prognostic risk factors of patients with BGGCTs were delayed diagnosis [odd ratio (OR) 2.33; 95% CI 1.02–5.31], focal radiotherapy (OR 4.00; 95% CI 1.69–9.49), and non-pure germinoma (OR 4.64; 95% CI 1.76–12.22).ConclusionsThe delayed diagnosis, focal radiotherapy, and non-pure germinoma were associated with a poorer prognosis for patients with BGGCTs with or without sellar involvement.
Fluvastatin Reduces Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Young Individuals Independently of Cold Induced BAT Activity
Authors: Felder Martina , Maushart Claudia Irene , Gashi Gani , Senn Jaël Rut , Becker Anton S. , Müller Julian , Balaz Miroslav , Wolfrum Christian , Burger Irene A. , Betz Matthias Johannes 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundStatins are commonly prescribed for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease. They reduce cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase (HMG-CoA-reductase) and therefore mevalonate synthesis. Several studies reported a small, but significant increase in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with statin treatment. The molecular mechanisms behind this adverse effect are not yet fully understood. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), which plays a role in thermogenesis, has been associated with a reduced risk of insulin resistance. Statins inhibit adipose tissue browning and have been negatively linked to the presence of BAT in humans. We therefore speculated that inhibition of BAT by statins contributes to increased insulin resistance in humans.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in 17 young, healthy men. After screening whether significant cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) was present, participants underwent glucose tolerance testing (oGTT) and assessment of BAT activity by FDG-PET/MRI after cold-exposure and treatment with a β3-agonist. Fluvastatin 2x40mg per day was then administered for two weeks and oGTT and FDG-PET/MRI were repeated.ResultsTwo weeks of fluvastatin treatment led to a significant increase in glucose area under the curve (AUC) during oGTT (p=0.02), reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (both p&lt;0.0001). Insulin AUC (p=0.26), resting energy expenditure (REE) (p=0.44) and diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) (p=0.27) did not change significantly. The Matsuda index, as an indicator of insulin sensitivity, was lower after fluvastatin intake, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.09). As parameters of BAT activity, mean standard uptake value (SUVmean) (p=0.12), volume (p=0.49) and total glycolysis (p=0.74) did not change significantly during the intervention. Matsuda index, was inversely related to SUVmean and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (both R2 = 0.44, p=0.005) at baseline, but not after administration of fluvastatin (R2 = 0.08, p=0.29, and R2 = 0.14, p=0.16, respectively).ConclusionsTreatment with fluvastatin for two weeks reduced serum lipid levels but increased glucose AUC in young, healthy men, indicating reduced glucose tolerance. This was not associated with changes in cold-induced BAT activity.
Estimation of the P Fertilizer Demand of China Using the LePA Model
Authors: Yu Wenjia , Li Haigang , Nkebiwe Peteh Mehdi , Li Guohua , Müller Torsten , Zhang Junling , Shen Jianbo 
Published: November 2021

Modern phosphate (P) fertilizers are sourced from P rock reserves, a finite and dwindling resource. Globally, China is the largest producer and consumer of P fertilizer and will deplete its domestic reserves within 80 years. It is necessary to avoid excess P input in agriculture through estimating P demand. We used the legacy P assessment model (LePA) to estimate P demand based on soil P management at the county, regional, and country scales according to six P application rate scenarios: (1) rate in 2012 maintained; (2) current rate maintained in low-P counties and P input stopped in high-P counties until critical Olsen-P level (CP) is reached, after which rate equals P-removal; (3) rate decreased to 1–1.5 kg ha−1 year−1 in low-P counties after CP is reached and in high-P counties; (4) rate in each county decreased to 1–8 kg ha−1 year−1 after soil Olsen-P reached CP in low P counties; (5) rate in each county was kept at P-removal rate after reduction; (6) P input was kept at the rate lower than P-offtake rate after reduction. The results showed that the total P fertilizer demand of China was 750 MT P2O5, 54% of P fertilizer can be saved from 2013 to 2080 in China, and soil Olsen-P of all counties can satisfy the demand for high crop yields. The greatest potential to decrease P input was in Yangtze Plain and South China, which reached 60%. Our results provide a firm basis to analyze the depletion of P reserves in other countries.
Quantitative MRI and Clinical Assessment of Muscle Function in Adults With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Svane Christian , Forman Christian Riis , Rasul Aqella , Nielsen Christian Hammer , Nielsen Jens Bo , Lorentzen Jakob 
Published: November 2021

Aim: To relate quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of ankle plantar flexor muscles to clinical functional tests in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and neurologically intact (NI) adults.Methods: Eleven adults with CP (aged 41 ± 12, GMFCS level I-II) and 11 NI adults (aged 35 ± 10) participated in this case-control study. We used MRI to assess muscle volume and composition of the triceps surae muscles. We quantified muscle function as maximal voluntary plantarflexion (MVC) torque and countermovement jump (CMJ) height.Results: Compared to NI adults, the MRI intramuscular fat fraction estimate was significantly higher and MRI muscle volume and functional abilities (MVC and CMJ) significantly lower in adults with CP. In NI adults, but not adults with CP, MRI muscle volume correlated significantly with MVC and CMJ. In adults with CP, the estimate of intramuscular fat levels correlated significantly with jump height in a CMJ.Discussion: This study shows reduced muscle volume and altered muscle composition in adults with CP. Muscle composition appears to provide a better marker than muscle volume of reduced muscle function and impaired performance in this population. Measurements of muscle composition could be used in the assessment of neuromuscular impairments and in the determination of rehabilitation protocols in individuals with neurological disorders.
Effects of Buffer Size and Shape on the Association of Neighborhood SES and Adult Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Patel Minal , Oh April Y. , Dwyer Laura A. , D'Angelo Heather , Stinchcomb David G. , Liu Benmei , Yu Mandi , Nebeling Linda C. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Neighborhood environment factors are relevant for dietary behaviors, but associations between home neighborhood context and disease prevention behaviors vary depending on the definition of neighborhood. The present study uses a publicly available dataset to examine whether associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and fruit/vegetable (FV) consumption vary when NSES is defined by different neighborhood sizes and shapes.Methods: We analyzed data from 1,736 adults with data in GeoFLASHE, a geospatial extension of the National Cancer Institute's Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study (FLASHE). We examined correlations of NSES values across neighborhood buffer shapes (circular or street network) and sizes (ranging from 400 to 1,200 m) and ran weighted simple and multivariable regressions modeling frequency of FV consumption by NSES for each neighborhood definition. Regressions were also stratified by gender.Results: NSES measures were highly correlated across various neighborhood buffer definitions. In models adjusted for socio-demographics, circular buffers of all sizes and street buffers 750 m and larger were significantly associated with FV consumption frequency for women only.Conclusion: NSES may be particularly relevant for women's FV consumption, and further research can examine whether these associations are explained by access to food stores, food shopping behavior, and/or psychosocial variables. Although different NSES buffers are highly correlated, researchers should conceptually determine spatial areas a priori.
Another New Year, Will the Chinese Residents Wear Face Masks Again? A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shen Xin , Yan Shijiao , Cao Hui , Feng Jing , Lei Zihui , Zhao Yuxin , Nui Zhenyu , Han Xiaotong , Lv Chuanzhu , Gan Yong 
Published: November 2021

Background: As more and more countries enter the low-transmission phase, maintaining prevention awareness among the population is critical to prevent a secondary outbreak. With large-scale interpersonal communication, whether Chinese residents can maintain a high awareness of prevention and control and adhere to the use of masks during the Chinese New Year of 2021 is worth studying.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from February 4 to 26, 2021. A convenient sampling strategy was adopted to recruit participators. Participants were asked to fill out the questions that assessed the questionnaire on face mask use. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the mask-wearing behaviors of the public. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors affecting mask-wearing behaviors.Results: A total of 2,361 residents filled out the questionnaire. In the mixed-effect logistic regression analysis, Chinese residents who were older (OR = 7.899, 95%CI = 4.183–14.916), employed (OR = 1.887, 95%CI = 1.373–2.594), had a chronic disease (OR = 1.777, 95%CI = 1.307–2.418), reused face masks (OR = 22.155, 95%CI = 15.331–32.016) and have read the face mask instructions (OR = 3.552, 95%CI = 1.989–6.341) were more likely to use face masks in interpersonal communication during the Spring Festival; while people who have breathing discomfort caused by face masks (OR = 0.556, 95%CI = 0.312–0.991) and considered that using masks repeatedly is wasteful (OR = 0.657, 95%CI = 0.482–0.895) were more unlikely to use face masks.Conclusions: Our results revealed that 83.86% of people wore face masks during the Chinese New Year; however, some aspects require further promotion. By investigating the use of masks by Chinese residents during the Spring Festival and its influencing factors, we can reflect the prevention awareness of the residents during the low transmission period of COVID-19, which can provide a reference for Chinese and global public health policymakers.
A Modified Technique of Bipolar Loop Resectoscopic Slicing for Treating Submucous Fibroids With Enucleation Makes the Operation Safer
Authors: Zhang Wenying , Liu Jing , Wu Qiongwei , Liu Yu , Wang Chunchun , Ma Chengbin 
Published: November 2021

Background: In this study, a modified technique of resectoscopic slicing with a common bipolar loop was introduced, which facilitated the complete removal of the submucous fibroid inside the uterine cavity without any novel equipment.Results: Compared with the classical technique, our modified procedure possessed a shorter operation time (22.9 ± 7.3 vs. 38.9 ± 13.0 min, p &lt; 0.05) and a smaller distending media volume (1,495.6 ± 540.1 vs. 2,393.1 ± 719.4 ml, p &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: As a result, the current study suggested that the enucleation of submucous fibroid under hysteroscopy could be achieved by using only the bipolar loop, which reduced the consumption for novel equipment and enhanced the safety of the technique.
Comparison of Vascular Invasion With Lymph Node Metastasis as a Prognostic Factor in Stage I-III Colon Cancer: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Bae Jung Hoon , Kim Ji Hoon , Kye Bong-Hyeon , Al-Sawat Abdullah , Lee Chul Seung , Han Seung-Rim , Lee In Kyu , Lee Sung Hak , Lee Yoon Suk 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of vascular invasion (VI) in comparison with that of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in non-metastatic colon cancer.Methods: Patients who underwent curative surgery for stage I-III colon cancer were divided into four groups depending on the status of VI and LNM (Group I: VI-/LNM-; Group II: VI+/LNM-; Group III: VI-/LNM+; Group IV: VI+/LNM+). Group III was subdivided according to the nodal (N) stage (Group IIIA: VI-/N1; Group IIIB: VI-/N2). Oncological outcomes were compared between Groups II and III.Results: In total, 793 non-metastatic colon cancer patients were included. Group II [hazard ratio (HR) 2.34, 1.01–5.41] and Group III (HR 1.91, 1.26–2.89) were independently associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). The 5-year DFS rates were comparable in Groups II (71.6%) and III (72.5%) (P = 0.637). When Group III was subdivided into Groups IIIA and IIIB, DFS deteriorated in the following order: Groups IIIA, II, and IIIB. The 5-year DFS rates were 79.7, 71.6, and 61.4% in Groups IIIA, II, and IIIB, respectively. Group II had a tendency toward early recurrence. The 1- and 2-year DFS rates were 76.3 and 71.6% in Group II and 88.3 and 79.8% in Group III, respectively (P = 0.067 and 0.247). All recurrences in Group II were distant metastases.Conclusion: VI is a prognostic factor as significant as LNM and may be a stronger prognostic factor than N1 stage in non-metastatic colon cancer. Furthermore, a potential association was observed between VI and recurrence patterns, such as early recurrence and distant metastasis.
A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark
Authors: Agerholm Jørgen Steen , Klas Eva-Maria , Damborg Peter , Borel Nicole , Pedersen Hanne Gervi , Christoffersen Mette 
Published: November 2021

Background:Loss of pregnancy in mares can have many different causes, including both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Extrapolation of findings from other studies is often uncertain as the significance of each cause varies across regions. Causes of pregnancy loss in mares have never been thoroughly studied in Denmark, so a prospective cross-sectional cohort study targeting the entire Danish population of pregnant mares was performed over a period of 13 months to obtain knowledge of the significance of individual causes. Fifty aborted or prematurely delivered stillborn fetuses were submitted for necropsy and examined by a panel of diagnostic laboratory methods.Results:Overall, a cause of fetal loss was established for 72% of the examined cases. Most cases (62%) were lost due to a non-infectious cause, of which obstruction of the feto-placental blood circulation due to severe torsion of the umbilical cord was most prevalent. Pregnancy loss due to a variety of opportunistic bacteria, including bacteria not previously associated with abortion in mares, accounted for 12%, while equid alphaherpesvirus (EHV) type 1 was the cause of pregnancy loss in 8% of the cases. EHV type 4 andChlamydiaceaespecies were identified in some cases, but not regarded as the cause of fetal loss.Conclusion:Umbilical cord torsion was found to be the most prevalent cause of fetal loss in Danish mares, while infectious causes such as EHV type 1 and streptococci only accounted for a minor proportion of the losses. The study highlights the need for defined criteria for establishing an abortion diagnosis in mares, particularly in relation to EHV types 1 and 4.
consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de educación básica superior de una ciudad en Ecuador
Authors: Rivadeneira Díaz Yoder Manuel , Paccha Uchuari Bryan Leonardo 
Published: November 2021

Como parte del Proyecto “Factores Psicosociales de las adicciones y su impacto en el comportamiento infanto-juvenil de los habitantes de la Provincia de Loja”, se ubicó la presente investigación. El objetivo fue identificar las actitudes hacia el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de la unidad educativa “Pio Jaramillo Alvarado” de la ciudad de Loja. El enfoque fue sociocrítico y ecosistémico. El estudio es descriptivo, de corte transversal. La muestra no probabilística. Los métodos empleados fueron: científico, analítico-sintético, deductivo-inductivo. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el test de actitudes al consumo de alcohol aplicado a 28 estudiantes. Los resultados señalan la sustancia de mayor consumo al alcohol (68 %); actitudes positivas a la ingesta de alcohol manifiestas en el 64 % de adolescentes; el principal motivo los problemas familiares 71 %. Se concluyó que, con los resultados obtenidos, se diseñará estrategias psicoeducativas para prevención, intervención y tratamiento de comportamientos adictivos.
Las “devoluciones en caliente” en el asunto N.D. y N.T. contra España (sentencia de la gran sala TEDH de 13 de febrero de 2020)
Authors: Martínez Escamilla Margarita 
Published: November 2021

La Gran Sala del TEDH, en sentencia de 13 de febrero de 2020 (as. N.D. y N.T. vs España) considera que las dos expulsiones sumarias de las que fueron objeto los demandantes tras saltar las vallas que separan Melilla y el Reino de Marruecos no vulneran la prohibición de devoluciones colectivas, ni el derecho a un recurso efectivo consagrados en el art. 13 del CEDH y en el art. 4 del Protocolo nº 4. Este pronunciamiento deja sin efecto una anterior resolución del TEDH que condenaba por unanimidad a España. El presente artículo analiza críticamente los argumentos esgrimidos por la Gran Sala y valora la resolución como un retroceso en el amparo que el CEDH dispensa a los derechos de las personas migrantes y refugiadas en las fronteras.
Close Stellar Flybys Common in Low-mass Clusters
Authors: Pfalzner Susanne , Govind Amith 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Numerous protoplanetary disks show distinct spiral arms features. While possibly caused by a range of processes, detailed pattern analysis points at close stellar flybys as cause for some of them. Surprisingly, these disks reside in young low-mass clusters, where close stellar flybys are expected to be rare. This fact motivated us to take a fresh look at the frequency of close flybys in low-mass clusters. In the solar neighborhood, low-mass clusters have smaller half-mass radii than their more massive counterparts. We show that this observational fact results in the mean and central stellar density of low-mass clusters being approximately the same as in high-mass clusters, which is rarely reflected in theoretical studies. We perform N-body simulations of the stellar dynamics in young clusters obeying the observed mass–radius relation. Taking the mean disk truncation radius as a proxy for the degree of influence of the environment, we find that the influence of the environment on disks is more or less the same in low- and high-mass clusters. Even the fraction of small disks (<10 au) is nearly identical. Our main conclusion is that the frequency of close flybys seems to have been severely underestimated for low-mass clusters. A testable prediction of this hypothesis is that low-mass clusters should contain 10%–15% of disks smaller than 30 au truncated by flybys. These truncated disks should be distinguishable from primordially small disks by their steep outer edge.
Spectral and Timing Analysis of NuSTAR and Swift/XRT Observations of the X-Ray Transient MAXI J0637–430
Authors: Lazar Hadar , Tomsick John A. , Pike Sean N. , Bachetti Matteo , Buisson Douglas J. K. , Connors Riley M. T. , Fabian Andrew C. , Fuerst Felix , García Javier A. , Hare Jeremy , Jiang Jiachen , Shaw Aarran W. , Walton Dominic J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present results for the first observed outburst from the transient X-ray binary source MAXI J0637–430. This study is based on eight observations from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and six observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory X-Ray Telescope (Swift/XRT) collected from 2019 November 19 to 2020 April 26 as the 3–79 keV source flux declined from 8.2 × 10−10 to 1.4 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1. We see the source transition from a soft state with a strong disk-blackbody component to a hard state dominated by a power-law or thermal Comptonization component. NuSTAR provides the first reported coverage of MAXI J0637–430 above 10 keV, and these broadband spectra show that a two-component model does not provide an adequate description of the soft-state spectrum. As such, we test whether blackbody emission from the plunging region could explain the excess emission. As an alternative, we test a reflection model that includes a physical Comptonization continuum. Finally, we also test a spectral component based on reflection of a blackbody illumination spectrum, which can be interpreted as a simple approximation to the reflection produced by returning disk radiation due to the bending of light by the strong gravity of the black hole. We discuss the physical implications of each scenario and demonstrate the value of constraining the source distance.