bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictable immediate implant placement and restoration in the esthetic zone
Authors: Gamborena Iñaki , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article describes a comprehensive step‐by‐step protocol for immediate implant placement and restoration in the esthetic zone. Clinical Considerations Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets and immediate restoration have become widely accepted, demonstrating long‐term success rates that are comparable with traditional delayed implant protocols. However, they are technique sensitive and require proper treatment planning as well as meticulous execution to be predictable and successful in the long term. This is particularly important in the esthetic zone, where even minor aberrations and mistakes can have devastating consequences, and especially in younger patients, where esthetic and functional outcomes should remain stable for years and possibly decades to come. The eight critical steps for predictable immediate implant placement include: provisional restoration of the failing tooth and presurgical phase, atraumatic tooth extraction, initial implant osteotomy, 3D bone graft packing, guided implant placement with a surgical guide, customized abutment insertion, provisional crown relining, and placement of a connective tissue graft from tuberosity. Immediate implant protocols in the esthetic zone require thorough planning and execution in the proper sequence. Each one of the critical steps discussed in this article has its own importance and challenges, which are critically assessed based on current scientific evidence.
Subject and partner satisfaction with lip and perioral enhancement using flexible hyaluronic acid fillers
Authors: Bertucci Vince , Nikolis Andreas , Solish Nowell , Lane Vanessa , Hicks Jessica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers is a popular minimally invasive approach to improve lip volume and contour, and with improved techniques has gained popularity because full lips are often associated with beauty and youth. Patient satisfaction is a key driver for successful aesthetic procedures, influencing individual treatment plans and future recommendations.ObjectiveTo evaluate subject and partner satisfaction with the hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler HARK for lip enhancement at 8 weeks after the last treatment.Methods & materialsSubjects in this open‐label study all received HARK in the lips, and an additional group also received HARR and/or HARD in nasolabial folds (NLFs) and marionette lines (MLs). Satisfaction was assessed at Weeks 4 and 8 after the last treatment using questionnaires (FACE‐Q™ [subjects] and KISSABILITY [subjects and partners]).ResultsNineteen subjects received HARK only; 40 also received HARR and/or HARD. Subjects reported a high level of satisfaction with their lips following treatment. Increases from baseline in the mean total satisfaction score were statistically significant at Weeks 4 and 8 (P ≤ .001). Most subjects (≥89%) reported satisfaction on all FACE‐Q questions at Week 8. Both subjects and partners were satisfied with the kissability, appearance, and natural look and feel of the post‐treatment results.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that HARK resulted in lip enhancement with high levels of subject and partner satisfaction, when used alone or in combination with HARR/ HARD in NLFs and MLs.
Atypical vessels in hysteroscopy: Usefulness in prediction of malignant diseases in patients treated with tamoxifen
Authors: Oka Emiko , Sakai Kensuke , Yamagami Wataru , Hirano Takuro , Makabe Takeshi , Yoshihama Tomoko , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Kataoka Fumio , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in adjuvant endocrine therapy for invasive breast cancer as a selective estrogen modulator, but this treatment has a risk of developing endometrial malignancy. However, hysteroscopic findings during or after TAM treatment are unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the association between hysteroscopic patterns and malignant histological findings during or after treatment with TAM.MethodsThe subjects were patients who received TAM after surgery for breast cancer and underwent hysteroscopy at our institution from January 2016 to December 2019. Clinicopathological factors and hysteroscopic findings were collected from medical records and investigated retrospectively. Histologically, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, and carcinosarcoma were classified as malignant diseases.ResultsA total of 26 patients were eligible for the study. Hysteroscopic findings included an irregular surface of the endometrium (n = 3, 11.5%), atypical vessels (n = 10, 38.5%), papillary structure (n = 3, 11.5%), and polypoid structure (n = 18, 69.2%). Histological examination revealed malignancy in six patients (23.0%). The percentage of atypical vessels in patients with malignancies was significantly higher than that in patients with a normal endometrium or benign lesion (100% vs. 20%, p = 0.0009). The sensitivity and specificity of atypical vessels in hysteroscopy for diagnosis of malignant diseases were 100% and 80%, respectively.ConclusionsHysteroscopic findings of atypical vessels may be useful for prediction of malignant diseases in patients treated with TAM.
Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in Inclusive Settings: A study of Teachers’ Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Yakut Ayse Dilsad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudents with specific learning disabilities (SLD) are taught by general education teachers who may not respond positively to the inclusion of these students in their classrooms. Teachers’ self‐efficacy is an important construct which is related to teachers’ teaching and their willingness to include students with disabilities into their classrooms. The purpose of this study is to examine teachers’ self‐efficacy toward teaching students with SLD. In the scope of the study, quantitative data were collected through a scale and an observation form from 200 general education teachers working in public elementary schools in a province of Turkey. Results indicated that the teachers who had students with SLD in their classroom felt more efficacious in teaching students with SLD. In addition, teachers reported that students with SLD had significantly lower problems in motor skills and significantly higher problems in math; attention and memory; and writing skills. Implications are discussed within the Turkish context.
Guidelines as governance: Critical reflections from a documentary analysis of guidelines to support user involvement in research
Authors: Stuhlfauth Susanne , Knutsen Ingrid Ruud , Foss Ingrid Christina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough guidelines to regulate user involvement in research have been advocated and implemented for several years, literature still describes the process as challenging. In this qualitative study, we take a critical view on guidelines that are developed to regulate and govern the collaboration process of user involvement in research. We adapt a social constructivist view of guidelines and our aim is to explore how guidelines construct the perception of users and researchers and thus the process of involvement. Twenty‐two guidelines published between 2006 and 2019 were analyzed iteratively. The analysis focuses on values which are emphasized in the guidelines on the distribution of entities, knowledge, and tasks between users and researchers. The analysis indicates that users and researchers are constructed differently; researchers are mainly constructed as responsible initiators and caretakers, while users are constructed as powerless and vulnerable. The guidelines portray the collaboration process as harmonious and assume a normative perspective. In doing so, challenges described in the literature related to power imbalances are not addressed. Based on these findings, we ask if these guidelines might function to maintain existing power imbalances between users and researchers.
MicroRNA regulation of cholesterol metabolism
Authors: Citrin Kathryn M. , Fernández‐Hernando Carlos , Suárez Yajaira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Since many microRNAs have multiple mRNA targets, they are uniquely positioned to regulate the expression of several molecules and pathways simultaneously. For example, the multiple stages of cholesterol metabolism are heavily influenced by microRNA activity. Understanding the scope of microRNAs that control this pathway is highly relevant to diseases of perturbed cholesterol metabolism, most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis is a common cause of CVD that involves inflammation and the accumulation of cholesterol‐laden cells in the arterial wall. However, several different cell types participate in atherosclerosis, and perturbations in cholesterol homeostasis may have unique effects on the specialized functions of these various cell types. Therefore, our review discusses the current knowledge of microRNA‐mediated control of cholesterol homeostasis, followed by speculation as to how these microRNA–mRNA target interactions might have distinctive effects on different cell types that participate in atherosclerosis.
Sporopollenin chemistry and its durability in the geological record: an integration of extant and fossil chemical data across the seed plants
Authors: Jardine Phillip E. , Hoorn Carina , Beer Maxine A.M. , Barbolini Natasha , Woutersen Amber , Bogota‐Angel Giovanni , Gosling William D. , Fraser Wesley T. , Lomax Barry H. , Huang Huasheng , Sciumbata Matteo , He Huajie , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSporopollenin is a highly resistant biopolymer that forms the outer wall of pollen and spores (sporomorphs). Recent research into sporopollenin chemistry has opened up a range of new avenues for palynological research, including chemotaxonomic classification of morphologically cryptic taxa. However, there have been limited attempts to directly integrate extant and fossil sporopollenin chemical data. Of particular importance is the impact of sample processing to isolate sporopollenin from fresh sporomorphs, and the extent of chemical changes that occur once sporomorphs enter the geological record. Here, we explore these issues using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy data from extant and fossil grass, Nitraria (a steppe plant), and conifer pollen. We show a 98% classification success rate at subfamily level with extant grass pollen, demonstrating a strong taxonomic signature in isolated sporopollenin. However, we also reveal substantial chemical differences between extant and fossil sporopollenin, which can be tied to both early diagenetic changes acting on the sporomorphs and chemical derivates of sample processing. Our results demonstrate that directly integrating extant and late Quaternary chemical data should be tractable as long as comparable sample processing routines are maintained. Consistent differences between extant and deeper time sporomorphs, however, suggests that classifying fossil specimens using extant training sets will be challenging. Further work is therefore required to understand and simulate the effects of diagenetic processes on sporopollenin chemistry.
Examining racial and socioeconomic disparity in the pediatric heart transplant evaluation
Authors: Carlo Waldemar F. , Floyd Samantha , Pearce Frank B. , Collins Jacqueline L. , Hubbard Meloneysa , Dabal Robert J. , Buckman Joseph R. , Padilla Luz A. , Kirklin James K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRacial disparities have been reported among pediatric patients waitlisted for and undergoing heart transplantation but have not been studied further upstream in the transplant candidate evaluation process. We retrospectively studied our single‐center experience in order to investigate any potential biases in the evaluation process. Results of the heart transplant evaluation in children ≤18 years old at our institution were analyzed. Primary outcome was final disposition to waitlist or not. Race was defined by family self‐identification. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. From 2013 to 2019, 133 unique patients were referred for listing consideration. While Black patients comprised 44% of the referral population and had more markers of socioeconomic disadvantage, they comprised 43% of the patients who were listed for transplantation with no significant difference between these proportions (p = .96). Black and White patients made up a similar proportion of patients deemed too well or too ill for listing. Black patients had lower annual household income estimates and rates of household marriage. Despite identifying significant social challenges in 27 patients (18 of them Black), only five patients (3 Black and 2 White) were turned down for listing due to social barriers. While limited by the small number of patients turned down for social barriers, our transplant evaluation process does not appear to result in racial disparities in access to listing. Further studies are needed using national cohorts to explore possible racial disparities upstream from waitlisting and transplantation, such as during the referral and evaluation.
Adapting a community health nursing course to an online format
Authors: Pullis Bridgette Crotwell , Hekel Barbara Emily 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs COVID‐19 spread through the United States in March 2020, universities were forced to move to online learning to minimize COVID‐19 transmission. Students in nursing programs represent several generational cohorts with varying learning styles and comfort with technology. This move to an online format required faculty and students to use digital tools from video conferencing, remote testing, online classes, and an unfolding case study. Community Health Nursing is an important capstone course in the Baccalaureate of Science in Nursing curriculum. Community health nursing focuses on the care of populations. Communication skills, analysis of data from various sources, collaboration with peers, and planning and evaluation of interventions are essential competencies of community health nursing. This article describes strategies to teach the core competencies online and how two group activities were formatted for online delivery: development of a public service announcement and a debate. The faculty employed an approach to online teaching that preserved the activities and fostered student engagement through the use of various online strategies.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM ON SCIENCE, RELIGION, AND THE RISE OF BIBLICAL CRITICISM
Authors: Ungureanu James C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis is an introduction to the Symposium on “Science, Religion, and the Rise of Biblical Criticism,” which has been designed as a thematic section for Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science. The Symposium demonstrates the importance of and need for greater interdisciplinary collaboration between philosophers, theologians, scholars of religion, and historians in tracing the origins and development of the “conflict thesis” between science and religion. Often neglected is the role biblical criticism played in guiding and constructing narratives of conflict. This series of articles thus attempts to redress this gap in the scholarship by explicitly focusing on the advent of historical‐critical scholarship of the Bible and how it changed perceptions about “science” and “religion.”
FROM DIVINE ORACLES TO THE HIGHER CRITICISM: ANDREW D. WHITE AND THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE WITH THEOLOGY IN CHRISTENDOM
Authors: Ungureanu James C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHistorians of science and religion have given little attention to how historical‐critical scholarship influenced perceptions of the relationship between science and religion in the nineteenth century. However, the so‐called “cofounders” of the “conflict thesis,” the idea that science and religion are fundamentally and irrevocable at odds, were greatly affected by this literature. Indeed, in his two‐volume magnum opus,A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom(1896), Andrew D. White, in his longest and final chapter of his masterpiece, traced the development of the “scientific interpretation” of the Bible. In this article, I argue that developments in biblical criticism had a direct impact on how White constructed his historical understanding of the relationship between science and religion. By examining more carefully how biblical criticism played a significant role in the thought of White and other alleged cofounders of the conflict thesis, this article hopes to relocate the origins, development, and meaning of the science–religion debate at the end of the nineteenth century.
THE NATURALIZATION OF SCRIPTURAL REASON IN SEVENTEENTH‐CENTURY EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Thompson Jon W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral scholars have claimed that the decline of revealed or Scriptural mysteries in the early Enlightenment was a consequence of the trajectories of Reformed theology in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Reformed theology's fideistic stance, it is claimed, undermined earlier frameworks for relating reason to revealed mysteries; consequently, rationalism emerged as an alternative to such fideism in figures like the Cambridge Platonists. This article argues that Reformed theologians of the seventeenth century were not fideists but re‐affirmed Medieval claims about the eschatological concord of reason and revealed mysteries. Furthermore, the article suggests that early Enlightenment attitudes to religious mysteries owe more to innovations in Socinianism and Cambridge Platonism than to mainstream Reformed theology.
Cross-sectional survey for assessing cancer care providers’ characteristics and attitudes on smoking cessation in Colombia and Mexico
Authors: Tami-Maury Irene , Suchil Laura , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Garcia-Gomez Leonor , Chen Mixing , Shete Sanjay , Betancur Alejandro , Cinciripini Paul M , Hawk Ernest , Garcia Hector 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveCancer care providers’ (CCPs) attitudes towards smoking cessation are influenced by many factors, including their smoking status and knowledge. Our objective was to assess CCPs’ characteristics, tobacco use and smoking cessation practices in two Latin American cancer centres.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingsTwo urban cancer centres located in Colombia and Mexico.ParticipantsA total of 238 CCPs.MeasuresOnline survey consisted of 28 close-ended questions adapted from the 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer survey and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey developed by the WHO. Means, frequencies and proportions were reported for each country. Factors associated to providing of smoking cessation treatment or referral at initial visit were evaluated using logistic regression.ResultsCurrent smoking prevalence was 10.5% and 12.3% among Colombian and Mexican CCPs, respectively. Around three quarters of the Colombian (86.4%) and Mexican CCPs (66.1%) considered to have inadequate training in smoking cessation. Approximately two-thirds of Colombian (67.5%) and Mexican CCPs (63.9%) reported always or most of the time asking patients about tobacco use during the initial visit. In Colombia and Mexico, the most relevant barriers for providing cessation services were (1) difficulties for motivating patients with cancer, (2) patient resistance in quitting smoking, (3) lack of local resources or referral centres for smoking cessation and (4) lack of training in smoking cessation. CCPs appointed at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología were less likely to provide cessation treatment or referral to their patients if they had less than 50% of their time devoted to patient care and were former or current smokers. The regression model for Instituto de Cancerología did not retain statistically significant variables.ConclusionOur findings highlight an urgent need for assisting Latin American CCPs in their quitting efforts as well as expanding formal smoking cessation training specifically tailored to these professionals for improving patients’ cancer prognosis and quality of life.
The management of renal colic
Authors: Leong M , Mackie S 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRenal colic can be a challenging cause of abdominal pain in the military population. This review highlights the management of renal colic in the Royal Navy’s operational setting. It provides an overview of the diagnosis, treatment options and occupational health issues in the deployed (Role 1) and hospital environments (Role 2 and 3).
The acutely swollen knee. Part two – Management of traumatic pathology
Authors: Guyver PM , Arthur CHC , Hand CJ 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe acutely swollen knee is a common presentation of knee pathology in the emergency department and the primary care setting, whether on board ship, in a Regimental Aid Post, or in a Medical Centre. The swollen knee has both traumatic and atraumatic (systemic) causes, all of which can be accurately diagnosed with an understanding of the underlying injury patterns and patho-anatomy. In Part 2 of this paper we consider the traumatic causes and also suggest a combined approach to managing an acutely swollen knee. The taking of a detailed history combined with thorough clinical examination will establish the diagnosis or at least the narrow differential diagnosis in the majority of cases. The use of specialist examination techniques, diagnostic imaging and arthrocentesis can further assist the clinician in confirming the correct diagnosis and thus prescribing the appropriate treatment. This review will endeavour to give a consensus of opinion and structured guidelines in the diagnosis and initial management of patients presenting with acute or recent onset swelling of the knee.
The principles of managing open fractures
Authors: Walker R , Middleton S , Stapley S A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAny fracture of a bone which communicates with the outside environment via a wound in the skin is classified as an open fracture. This may be from penetration by sharp objects from the exterior, laceration caused by the fracture fragments, or shearing forces that tear or de-glove soft tissue from a limb. These injuries vary in mechanism and severity, ranging from a broken finger caught in a bulkhead door to a catastrophic lower limb fracture suffered from an improvised explosive device (IED). We address the management principles that can be applied to all open fractures regardless of cause.
Noise pollution and detaining captured persons at sea
Authors: Nixon S , Milner R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the course of military operations, the UK Armed Forces may have to capture and detain individuals. International law sets down a framework for the minimum basic standards that are applicable in these circumstances, and it is the responsibility of the UK Armed Forces to understand and implement these. This case review looks at a specific example of this issue related to noise pollution and appropriate detention facilities during anti-piracy operations, and how a flexible approach combined with good understanding of the regulations ensured compliance with these basic standards.