bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating Contributions from Multiple Species during Photoconversion of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) under Ultraviolet Illumination
Authors: Dhamija Shaina , De Arijit K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotocycle in wild‐type green fluorescent protein (wt‐GFP) involves generation of a bright fluorescent deprotonated chromophore from feebly fluorescent protonated form via excited‐state proton transfer. In addition to this usual photocycle, wt‐GFP is also known to exhibit irreversible photoconversion upon illumination with ultraviolet and visible radiation. However, a detailed understanding of photoconversion in enhanced GFP (EGFP: S65T/F64L mutant of wt‐GFP), which predominantly exists in deprotonated form, is yet to be explored. Using 254 nm irradiation, we study how photoconversion proceeds in EGFP. The key findings are observation of spreading out of an isosbestic point and existence of an initial lag phase in spectral kinetics of absorbance, indicative of sequential photoconversion through an intermediate. Fluorescence kinetics of EGFP and its photoproduct are estimated by assigning two unique fluorescence lifetimes which is further complicated by the fact that their fluorescence are spectrally inseparable, as evident from global analysis of fluorescence lifetime. Time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy studies further suggest minimal structural changes in protein scaffold upon photoconversion. Based on these findings, an analytic model is developed to account for the overall decay in fluorescence (as photoconversion proceeds) that inherently incorporates the initial lag phase and a summary of energetics and processes involved is provided.
scRNA‐seq of ovarian follicle granulosa cells from different fertility goats reveals distinct expression patterns
Authors: Li Zengkuan , Wang Junjie , Zhao Yong , Ma Dongxue , Zhao Minghui , Li Na , Men Yuhao , Zhang Yuan , Chu Huimin , Lei Chuzhao , Shen Wei , El‐Mahdy Othman Othman , Min Lingjiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe new technology of high‐throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing (10 × scRNA‐seq) was developed recently with many advantages. However, it was not commonly used in farm animal research. There are few reports for the gene expression of goat ovarian follicle granulosa cells (GCs) during different developmental stages. In the current investigation, the gene expression of follicle GCs at different stages from two populations of Ji'ning grey goats: high litter size (HL; ≥3/L; 2 L) and low litter size (LL; ≤2 /L; 2 L) were analysed by scRNA‐seq. Many GC marker genes were identified, and the pseudo‐time showed that GCs developed during the time course which reflected the follicular development and differentiation trajectory. Moreover, the gene expression difference between the two populations HL versus LL was very clear at different developmental stages. Many marker genes differentially expressed at different developmental stages. ASIP and ASPN were found to be highly expressed in the early stage of GCs, INHA, INHBA, MFGE8 and HSD17B1 were identified to be highly expressed in the growing stage of GCs, while IGFBP2, IGFBP5 and CYP11A1 were found to be highly expressed in late stage. These marker genes could be used as reference genes of goat follicle GC development. This investigation for the first time discovered the gene expression patterns in goat follicle GCs in high‐ or low‐fertility populations (based on litter size) by scRNA‐seq which may be useful for uncovering the oocyte development potential.
“Counsels of Wisdom: An ancient Babylonian instruction for scribal students”
Authors: Lenzi Alan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article provides a historical and cultural contextualization of the Babylonian poem entitled “Counsels of Wisdom,” an example of the ancient “instruction” genre also attested in Egyptian and Biblical literature. After a brief description of the poem's textual basis and reconstruction from cuneiform tablets, the article offers an interpretation of the poem within the context of Babylonian scribal curricula. Specifically, the article argues “Counsels of Wisdom” was a pedagogical text that school masters used to instill important personal and professional values in future scribes during their training. In the course of developing this interpretation, the article also presents an introductory literary treatment of “Counsels of Wisdom,” including discussions of the poem's genre, structure, content, poetics, and ethical and religious perspectives.
The use of text‐based responses to improve our understanding and prediction of suicide risk
Authors: Jacobucci Ross , Ammerman Brooke A. , Tyler Wilcox Kenneth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveText‐based responses may provide significant contributions to suicide risk prediction, yet research including text data is limited. This may be due to a lack of exposure and familiarity with statistical analyses for this data structure.MethodThe current study provides an overview of data processing and statistical algorithms for text data, guided by an empirical example of 947 online participants who completed both open‐ended items and traditional self‐report measures. We give an introduction to a number of text‐based statistical approaches, including dictionary‐based methods, topic modeling, word embeddings, and deep learning.ResultsWe analyze responses from the open‐ended question “How do you feel today?”, detailing characteristics of the responses, as well as predicting past‐year suicidal ideation.ConclusionsWe see the analysis of text from social media, open‐ended questions, and other text sources (i.e., medical records) as an important form of complementary assessment to traditional scales, shedding insight on what we are missing in our current set of questionnaires, which may ultimately serve to improve both our understanding and prediction of suicide.
A network perspective on suicidal behavior: Understanding suicidality as a complex system
Authors: de Beurs Derek , Bockting Claudi , Kerkhof Ad , Scheepers Floortje , O’Connor Rory , Penninx Brenda , van de Leemput Ingrid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal behavior is the result of complex interactions between many different factors that change over time. A network perspective may improve our understanding of these complex dynamics. Within the network perspective, psychopathology is considered to be a consequence of symptoms that directly interact with one another in a network structure. To view suicidal behavior as the result of such a complex system is a good starting point to facilitate moving away from traditional linear thinking.ObjectiveTo review the existing paradigms and theories and their application to suicidal behavior.MethodsIn the first part of this paper, we introduce the relevant concepts within network analysis such as network density and centrality. Where possible, we refer to studies that have applied these concepts within the field of suicide prevention. In the second part, we move one step further, by understanding the network perspective as an initial step toward complex system theory. The latter is a branch of science that models interacting variables in order to understand the dynamics of complex systems, such as tipping points and hysteresis.ResultsFew studies have applied network analysis to study suicidal behavior. The studies that do highlight the complexity of suicidality. Complexity science offers potential useful concepts such as alternative stable states and resilience to study psychopathology and suicidal behavior, as demonstrated within the field of depression. To date, one innovative study has applied concepts from complexity science to better understand suicidal behavior. Complexity science and its application to human behavior are in its infancy, and it requires more collaboration between complexity scientists and behavioral scientists.ConclusionsClinicians and scientists are increasingly conceptualizing suicidal behavior as the result of the complex interaction between many different biological, social, and psychological risk and protective factors. Novel statistical techniques such as network analysis can help the field to better understand this complexity. The application of concepts from complexity science to the field of psychopathology and suicide research offers exciting and promising possibilities for our understanding and prevention of suicide.
Taking charge and stepping in: Individuals who punish are rewarded with prestige and dominance
Authors: Redhead Daniel , Dhaliwal Nathan , Cheng Joey T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA hallmark of human societies is the scale at which we cooperate with many others, even when they are not closely genetically related to us. One proposed mechanism that helps explain why we cooperate is punishment; cooperation may pay and proliferate if those who free ride on the cooperation of others are punished. Yet this ‘solution’ raises another puzzle of its own: Who will bear the costs of punishing? While the deterrence of free‐riders via punishment serves collective interests, presumably any single individual—who has no direct incentive to punish—is better off letting others pay the costs of punishment. However, emerging theory and evidence indicate that, while punishment may at times be a costly act, certain individuals are better able to ‘afford’ to pay the price of punishment and are often consequentially rewarded with fitness‐enhancing reputation benefits. Synthesizing across these latest lines of research, we propose a novel framework that considers how high status individuals—that is, individuals with greater prestige or dominance—enjoy lower punishment costs. These individuals are thus more willing to punish, and through their punitive action can in turn reap reputational rewards by further gaining more prestige or dominance. These reputational gains, which work in concert to promote the social success of punishers, recoup the costs of punishing. Together, these lines of work suggest that while punishment is often assumed to be altruistic, it need not always depend on altruism, and motivations to punish may at times be self‐interested and driven (whether consciously or unconsciously) by reputational benefits.
Alles eine Frage von Kosten und Nutzen? Eine Aggregatdatenanalyse der Abstimmungsbeteiligung in den deutschen Bundesländern zwischen 1946 und 2019
Authors: Thomeczek Jan Philipp 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDirect democracy in Germany is primarily practiced at the state level. However, little research has analysed why participation rates vary, sometimes drastically, between individual referendums in Germany. The following article addresses this research gap with an analysis of a new aggregate dataset of participation in referendums in the federal states between 1946 and 2019. Based on the Rational Choice Theory of voting, three main factors may explain the variance in participation rates. Higher participation rates can be anticipated when the expected benefit for voters is high (state‐initiated referendums, constitutional or restructuring referendums); when the participation costs are reduced (by combining referendums with salient parallel elections); and when the result is expected to be close. The article demonstrates the analytical usefulness of the Rational Choice Approach. It can serve as a starting point for future empirical referendum participation research, which is hardly developed in Germany, especially at the individual level.
The Lying Test, Ambiguity, and Determination of Content: Lying and Determination of Content
Authors: Vignolo Massimiliano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor many philosophers, the Lying Test is a reliable instrument for collecting data in semantics. Michaelson argued that the Lying Test does not fall prey to the problem with ambiguity that limits the Cancellability Test of Gricean inspiration. I contend that Michaelson's argument in favor of the Lying Test overlooks two fundamental aspects of what determine the content of an utterance.
Justice, Symmetry, and Voting Rights Ceilings
Authors: Volacu Alexandru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article I aim to offer a first critical assessment of the most prominent arguments in favour of restricting the voting rights of senior citizens. The first argument discussed, most thoroughly articulated by van Parijs, maintains that intergenerational justice would be improved under schemes which restrict the voting rights of senior citizens, thereby diminishing their overall electoral weight. The second argument, reconstructed from Lau's defence of child enfranchisement, maintains that the cognitive decline associated with the process of aging should lead us to treat children and senior citizens identically in respect to electoral rights; thus, if we agree that children should not have the right to vote, consistency dictates that senior citizens should be disenfranchised as well. I respond to these arguments with several objections, arguing that the former relies on a number of faulty empirical premises and has deeply unattractive implications for enfranchisement once consistently applied, and that the latter fails to make empirically salient distinctions between children and senior citizens when it comes to the political domain.
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl) population genomics suggests a two‐staged domestication and identifies genes showing convergence/parallel selective sweeps with apple or peach
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Paterson Andrew H. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYCrop domestication and evolution represent key fields of plant and genetics research. Here, we re‐sequenced and analyzed whole genome data from 51 wild accessions and 53 representative cultivars of Eriobotrya japonica, an important semi‐subtropical fruit crop. Population genomics analysis suggested that modern cultivated E. japonica experienced a two‐staged domestication fitting the “marginality model,” being initially domesticated in west‐northern Hubei province from a mono‐phylogenetic wild progenitor, then refined mainly in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces of China. Cultivated E. japonica has experienced little reduction in genome‐wide nucleotide polymorphism compared with wild forms. Genes responsible for sugar biosynthesis were enriched in regions harboring putative selective sweeps. An approach based on co‐clustering into gene families and evaluating chromosome colinearity of orthologous and paralogous genes was used to identify convergent/parallel selective sweeps among different crops. Specifically, more than one hundred of orthologs and paralogs undergoing selective sweeps were identified between loquat, apple and peach, among which 14 encoded “UDP glycosyltransferase 1.” In sum, the study not only provided valuable information for breeding of E. japonica, but also enriched knowledge of crop domestication.
Engineering and optimization of the 2‐phenylethylglucosinolate production in Nicotiana benthamiana by combining biosynthetic genes from Barbarea vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Cuiwei , Crocoll Christoph , Agerbirk Niels , Halkier Barbara Ann 
Published: February 2021

Summary2‐Phenylethylglucosinolate (2PE) derived from homophenylalanine is present in plants of the Brassicales order as a defense compound. It is associated with multiple biological properties, including deterrent effects on pests and antimicrobial and health‐promoting functions, due to its hydrolysis product 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate, which confers 2PE as a potential application in agriculture and industry. In this study, we characterized the putative key genes for 2PE biosynthesis from Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton and demonstrated the feasibility of engineering 2PE production in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. We used different combinations of genes from B. vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. to demonstrate that: (i) BvBCAT4 performed more efficiently than AtBCAT4 in biosynthesis of both homophenylalanine and dihomomethionine; (ii) MAM1 enzymes were critical for the chain‐elongated profile, while CYP79F enzymes accepted both chain‐elongated methionine and homophenylalanine; (iii) aliphatic but not aromatic core structure pathway catalyzed the 2PE biosynthesis; (iv) a chimeric pathway containing BvBCAT4, BvMAM1, AtIPMI and AtIPMDH1 resulted in a two‐fold increase in 2PE production compared with the B. vulgaris‐specific chain elongation pathway; and (v) profiles of chain‐elongated products and glucosinolates partially mirrored the profiles in the gene donor plant, but were wider in N. benthamiana than in the native plants. Our study provides a strategy to produce the important homophenylalanine and 2PE in a heterologous host. Furthermore, chimeric engineering of the complex 2PE biosynthetic pathway enabled detailed understanding of catalytic properties of individual enzymes – a prerequisite for understanding biochemical evolution. The new‐to‐nature gene combinations have the potential for application in biotechnological and plant breeding.
Effects of storage time and temperature on thromboelastographic analysis in dogs and horses
Authors: Lemon Ashleigh V. , Goddard Amelia , Hooijberg Emma H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe accessibility of thromboelastography (TEG) to general practitioners is limited by short sample storage times (30 minutes) and storage temperatures (20‐23°C).ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the stability of canine and equine citrated blood samples when stored for extended periods of time, both at room temperature (RT) (20‐23°C) and refrigerator temperature (FT) (2‐7.5°C).MethodsCitrated whole blood samples from healthy dogs and horses (n = 10 for each) were stored for 30 minutes (baseline) at RT before TEG analysis. Baseline values for TEG variables R, K, α, MA, LY30, and LY60 were compared with those from samples stored for 2, 8, and 22.5 h, at RT and FT. Results were compared using an ANOVA (P < .05). Total allowable analytical error (TEa) based on biological variation data was used to evaluate stability.ResultsIn dogs, statistically significant differences included shorter R, longer K, decreased MA, and increased LY60 at various time points and storage temperatures from 2 h onward. Only samples stored for 2 h at FT showed acceptable stability compared with TEa. In horses, statistically significant differences included shorter R and K, and decreased α, LY30, and LY60 at various time points and storage temperatures from 2 h onward. Samples were not stable at any time compared with TEa, regardless of the temperature.ConclusionsIn this study, canine samples could be stored for up to 2 h at FT without affecting TEG results; equine samples should be stored for 30 minutes at RT.
Windows of action for controlling palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) using emergence and phenology models
Authors: Reinhardt Piskackova Theresa A. , Reberg‐Horton Samuel Chris , Richardson Robert J. , Jennings Katie M. , Franca Lucas , Young Bryan G. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmaranthus palmeri S. Watson is a competitive weed native to North America with many herbicide‐resistant biotypes that have been spreading around the world. Due to its fast growth, farmers need to optimise control timing to reduce the risk of escapes. This study tracked A. palmeri emergence and phenology using days or growing degree days (GDD, Tbase = 15°C; thermal time or hydrothermal time). While A. palmeri has been observed emerging throughout the summer growing season, this study found that 90% of total season A. palmeri emerged before July in the absence of a crop canopy. Using thermal time, emergence could be predicted in different locations and years: reaching 10%, 50% and 90% at 77, 278 and 593 GDD from January 1, respectively. From the time of emergence, 10% of A. palmeri were 10 cm tall after 148 GDD, showed first signs of inflorescence by 212 GDD, and open florets by 419 GDD. Also, 50% of A. palmeri plants had reached the respective stages by 244, 394 and 796 GDD. Using the probability of A. palmeri to reach different phenological stages over time as a function of emergence prediction, critical control windows were determined based on thresholds for risk of escapes. Many tactics and times of action are important for managing this weed. Information about A. palmeri biology indicates these actions could be timed more effectively using weather data and predictive models.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Willianms Ellery 
Published: February 2021

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Andrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandFábio Albergaria de Queiroz, Catholic University of Brasília, BrazilJennilyn Castillo Mina, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, PhilippinesMajdi Khaleeli, Khawarizmi International College, UAEMythili Kolluru, College of Banking and Financial Studies, OmanNEBA Cletus YAH, University of Douala, CameroonNedra Nouradeen Shili, Jazan University - KSA, TunisiaSandeep Kumar, Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies, Affiliated to GGSIP University Delgi, IndiaTetiana Paientko, Kyiv National Economic Univercity, UkraineZoran Mastilo, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com