bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living donor liver transplantation for hepatic malignancies in children
Authors: Pire Aurore , Tambucci Roberto , De Magnée Catherine , Sokal Etienne , Stephenne Xavier , Scheers Isabelle , Zech Francis , Gurevich Michael , Brichard Bénédicte , Reding Raymond 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiving donor liver transplantation is a treatment option for unresectable hepatic tumors in children.MethodsWe enrolled 45 living donor transplantations performed between 1993 and 2018 for liver malignacies, which included hepatoblastoma (n = 33), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 10), hepatic angiosarcoma (n = 1), and rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 1).ResultsNo mortality or major morbidities were encountered in any donor, and the complication rate was 9%. In the hepatoblastoma group, 5‐year overall and event‐free survival rate in recipients was 87.4% and 75.8%, respectively, and mortality was significantly higher in patients after rescue transplantation (p = .001). Inferior vena cava replacement in these recipients appeared to be associated with reduced mortality (p = .034), but this was not confirmed when rescue patients were excluded (p = .629). In hepatocellular carcinoma group, both 5‐year overall and event‐free survival rates were 75.4% each, and invasion of hepatic veins was significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence and death (p = .028). The patient with rhabdomyosarcoma died from EBV‐induced lymphoma 2 months after transplantation. The patient with angiosarcoma was in complete remission at the last follow‐up. Overall, 5‐year graft survival rate was 81.3%, and one patient underwent re‐transplantation due to chronic rejection.ConclusionsPediatric oncological liver transplantation has become a key player in the management of malignancies with cancer cure in 84% of patients in this series. Living donor liver transplantation for pediatric recipients with unresectable tumors might be a beneficial surgical option, which is technically safe for donors and recipients, thus, allowing timely planning according to chemotherapy protocols.
Precarious Citizens: Iraqi Jews and the Politics of Belonging
Authors: Saleh Zainab 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the politics and practices of citizenship among Iraqi Jews, using one woman's life history to explore the dynamics of exile and belonging. In 1950–1951, the Iraqi government issued a law that stripped Iraqi Jews who had migrated to Israel of their citizenship. Iraqi citizenship laws and directives did not only define citizens and noncitizens but also emerged as a venue of internal differentiation. Ruling elites facilitated political closures and constructed internal others within the very category of the Iraqi citizen, whereby practices of denaturalization and deportation of citizens became forms of state and colonial governmentality. In Israel, Iraqi Jews faced systems of racialization since their Arabness was associated with the enemy and racial inferiority. Iraqi Jews found themselves entangled in structures of power that rendered their Arab Jewishness an unintelligible category. However, Iraqi Jews resisted these conditions of dispossession and exclusion, and asserted a notion of Iraqi citizenship based on political activism with the aim of writing themselves onto the Iraqi social and political landscapes. Their political activism—whether in Iraq, Israel, or the diaspora—became sites of resistance that carved new ideas about community and undermined formal and legal definitions of citizenship. [citizenship laws, exclusion, legal violence, exile]
Nonimmigrant Others: Belonging, Precarity and Imperial Citizenship for Chuukese Migrants in Guam
Authors: Smith Sarah A. , Castañeda Heide 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicronesians from nations in the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) with the United States can enter the country visa‐free as “nonimmigrants.” This status creates a perpetual state of precarity; they are never considered legal “immigrants” nor are they on any path to permanent US resident status. Rather than illegalization and bordering practices, precarious status is the result of territorial arrangements, ongoing imperial interactions, and securitization efforts. The case of Chuukese migrants in the US territory of Guam demonstrates how graduated forms of citizenship manifest within liminal zones of empire. The result is accompanying political and social exclusions for both migrants and residents of exterior territorial‐holding sites. The experiences of the people bound by these exclusions elucidate connections between human mobility, imperial citizenship, militarization, and empire maintenance.
Government Funding for Faith‐Based International Development: Empirical Evidence from a U.S. Survey
Authors: Turner Haynes Susan 
Published: June 2021

In a move that some equate with a “turn to religion,” state, regional, and international donors now all seek to partner with religious organizations to deliver international humanitarian aid. Evidence indicates, however, that this invitation is not always accepted. The United States serves as a prominent example. Although the United States went so far as to establish an office in USAID to facilitate coordination with faith‐based organizations in 2002, the number of religious organizations receiving USAID funds remains low. My research suggests that this is also true of faith‐based aid applications. An online survey of over 400 U.S.‐based nonprofits with international operations reveals that perceptions of government bias likely deter many religious NGOs in the United States from applying for government funds. While this explanation may be unique to the United States, it may also provide a testable hypothesis to scholars studying similar dynamics in other donor countries and organizations.Related ArticlesByrne, Jennifer, and Gregory C. Dixon. 2013. “Reevaluating American Attitudes toward Immigrants in the Twenty‐First Century: The Role of a Multicreedal National Identity.” Politics & Policy 41 (1): 83‐116. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12002Dobransky, Steve. 2014. “Violators amongst Us: International Regimes and the Role of Compliance, a Case Study on Official Development Assistance.” Politics & Policy 42 (4): 593‐634. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12082Persons, Georgia A. 2011. “Administrative Policy Initiatives and the Limits of Change: Lessons from the Implementation of the Bush Faith‐Based and Community Initiative.” Politics & Policy 39 (6): 949‐978. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00332.x
Fish pigmentation and coloration: Molecular mechanisms and aquaculture perspectives
Authors: Luo Mingkun , Lu Guoqing , Yin Haoran , Wang Lanmei , Atuganile Malambugi , Dong Zaijie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFish coloration, evolved from selection and adaptation, is a prominent feature of remarkable aquaculture merits. Fish possess more pigment cell types than any other vertebrates and are an excellent model for the study of mechanisms underlying skin coloration and pigmentation at levels from molecular genetics to system biology. How to effectively improve skin colour in ornamental and aquaculture fish has long been a focus on selective breeding programmes. In this review article, we introduce different types of chromatophore and early development of pigmentation, describe cellular mechanisms related to morphological and physiological changes of body colour and demonstrate applications of single‐sex control and molecular marker–assisted breeding in body colour selection. We also reviewed genes that have been found involving in neural crest migration and development, as well as those involved in melanin‐based coloration and other types of pigmentation, and explored how to use transgenic technology for enhancing fish body colour. The applications of genome editing and other omics technologies in relation to fish coloration are also illustrated. Finally, we present our perspectives about future fish coloration research and practice in aquaculture. Taken together, this review is expected to provide an update on cellular and molecular mechanisms in fish coloration and pigmentation, which will likely promote body colour–based molecular breeding programmes in aquaculture.
Attitudes towards oldest‐old adults (age ≥80 years): A survey and international comparison between Swedish and Austrian nursing students
Authors: Heckemann Birgit , Schüttengruber Gerhilde , Wolf Axel , Großschädl Franziska , Holmberg Christopher 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and rationaleAgeism in nursing, particularly regarding oldest‐old adults (age ≥80 years), adversely affects patient safety and care quality. Nurse education can reduce ageist attitudes. Swedish and Austrian nursing students’ attitudes towards adults age ≥80 years have not been assessed.AimsTo analyse attitudes towards adults age ≥80 years among nursing students from universities in Sweden and Austria.DesignA prospective cross‐sectional survey including the four‐factor, 26‐item validated Ageing Semantic Differential scale and demographic questions.MethodsA pen‐and‐paper survey was administered to nursing students at the Medical University of Graz, Austria (May–June 2019); an online survey was conducted at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (January–June 2020). Demographic data were analysed descriptively; means and individual item ratings were calculated for each country. Multiple logistic regression was performed for each factor of the instrument: (1) Instrumentality, (2) Autonomy, (3) Acceptability and (4) Integrity. Six independent variables were included in the regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 136 Austrian and 222 Swedish students responded (88% women). Compared with Austrian students, Swedish students were older and had more positive attitudes about oldest‐old adults. Swedish students’ median factor ratings (7‐point scale) were 3.62 (Factor 1), 3.50 (Factor 2), 2.71 (Factor 3) and 3.80 (Factor 4). Austrian students’ median ratings were 4.25 (Factor 1), 3.83 (Factor 2), 3.28 (Factor 3) and 4.00 (Factor 4). Regression analyses showed that the variables country, older family member/acquaintance, and age were associated with the different factors.DiscussionCompared with Austrian students, Swedish students’ attitudes towards oldest‐old adults were more favourable. We discussed the findings at individual, interpersonal/intergroup and societal/cultural levels and present implications for education and research.ConclusionsNurse education should address ageism as a multilevel phenomenon, and include the person‐centred care perspective. Further research comparing nursing students’ attitudes from different cultures is needed.
COVID‐19 and tourism: What can we learn from the past?
Authors: Aronica Martina , Pizzuto Pietro , Sciortino Caterina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe impact of the COVID‐19 crisis on tourism flows is without precedent in terms of speed and severity. In this paper, we try to infer a possible future scenario for the tourism sector, evaluating the medium‐term effects of past pandemics on tourist arrivals. We find that pandemics lead to a persistent decline in tourist arrivals, with the effects being larger in developing and emerging countries. Interestingly, the effects are heterogeneous across countries and episodes, and depend on several economic conditions such as the overall health system performance, the severity of the shock, and the uncertainty induced by the pandemic event.
Accuracy of medial‐to‐lateral transcondylar screw placement using an aiming device and preoperative computer tomography planning for the treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure
Authors: Pardo Maite , Morris Andy P. , Frazzica Fabio , Barnes Duncan M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of transcondylar screws placed from medial‐to‐lateral using preoperative planning on computed tomography (CT) and an aiming device in elbows with humeral intracondylar fissures (HIFs).Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsTwenty‐five client‐owned dogs with HIF.MethodsA 4.5‐mm transcondylar screw was placed in 34 elbows with HIF. humeral condylar diameter (HCD) was measured at the humeral condylar isthmus on CT. Entry and exit points were planned at 0.3 × HCD cranial and 0.2 × HCD distal to the medial epicondyle and 0.3 × HCD cranial and 0.3 × HCD distal to the lateral epicondyle. An aiming device was used to guide drilling from the medial entry point to the lateral exit point. The difference between planned and actual screw entry and exit points, and the angular deviation of the actual screw axis from the planned screw axis, was assessed on the postoperative CT scans.ResultsThirty‐three out of 34 screws were completely within the humeral condyle. Thirteen out of 34 screws were placed less than 2 mm from planned entry and exit points in both the transverse and the frontal plane. The axis of the screw deviated by a mean of 3.2° (transverse plane) and 3.5° (frontal plane) from the planned axis.ConclusionHumeral transcondylar screws placed with the technique tested here were entirely within the humeral condyle in 33 out of 34 elbows.Clinical SignificanceUse of CT planning and an aiming device allows accurate placement of transcondylar screws from medial‐to‐lateral in dogs with HIF.
Statistical and Continuous Wavelet Transformation-Based Analysis of Combustion Instabilities in a Biodiesel-Fueled Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Sharma Prabhakar , Sharma Avdhesh Kr. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Experimental evaluation of cyclic variability or combustion instabilities of waste cooking oil biodiesel–diesel blends powered compression ignition engine is presented in this article. An advanced in-vehicle combustion analyzer armed with a piezoelectric pressure sensor was used for accurate measurements eradicating the experimental uncertainty. Cyclic variation in the combustion was investigated using the statistical and wavelet analysis method. Results of statistical methods and wavelet analysis were agreeing with each other toward self-validation. Statistical methods were used to calculate the mean and coefficient of variations, while the wavelet method has the potential to analyze the cyclic variation topography together with the intensity of variations in the engine combustion cycle, especially at low engine load conditions. Overall combustion analysis including wavelet analysis and statistical method indicates a more silent and smoother engine operation with biodiesel blending as it enhances combustion stability in unmodified diesel engines in comparison with conventional diesel fuel.
Maximum Total Point Motion of Five Points Versus All Points in Assessing Tibial Baseplate Stability
Authors: Niesen Abigail E. , Garverick Anna L. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Maximum total point motion (MTPM), the point on a baseplate that migrates the most, has been used to assess the risk of tibial baseplate loosening using radiostereometric analysis (RSA). Two methods for determining MTPM for model-based RSA are to use either five points distributed around the perimeter of the baseplate or to use all points on the three-dimensional model. The objectives were to quantify the mean difference in MTPM using five points versus all points, compute the percent error relative to the 6-month stability limit for groups of patients, and determine the dependency of differences in MTPM on baseplate size and shape. A dataset of 10,000 migration values was generated using the mean and standard deviation of migration in six-degrees-of-freedom at 6 months from an RSA study. The dataset was used to simulate the migration of three-dimensional models (two baseplate shapes and two baseplate sizes) and calculate the difference in MTPM using five virtual points versus all points and the percent error (i.e., the difference in MTPM/stability limit) relative to the 6-month stability limit. The difference in the MTPM was about 0.02 mm, or 4% relative to the 6-month stability limit, which is not clinically important. Furthermore, results were not affected by baseplate shape or size. Researchers can decide whether to use five points or all points when computing MTPM for model-based RSA. The authors recommend using five points to maintain consistency with marker-based RSA.
Effect of Additives on Wettability, Thermal Stability and Electrochemical Properties of γ-Al2O3-Coating Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Ji , Li Zhen , Wang Min-Yun , Gao Ke-zheng , Zhang Yong , Wang Li-Zhen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Physical properties of separator, as important parameters in affecting electrochemical performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries, should be paid more attention. In this study, three kinds of surfactants and dispersants were adopted to investigate their effects on thermal stability, wettability, and electrochemical properties of γ-Al2O3-coating polyethylene-based separator. The experimental results showed that with the synergistic helpfulness of PEG-2000 as a surfactant and D-067 as a dispersant, γ-Al2O3-coating polyethylene separator demonstrates superior thermal stability (no significant thermal shrinkage after heating at 120 °C), electrolyte uptake ability, and improved wettability (contact angle of 27.9 deg). Based on further testing results in Li//mesocarbon microbeads coin cells, the cell with γ-Al2O3-coating polyethylene separator exhibits higher capacity and superior cycling stability than the other two bare counterpart separators at room temperature after 200 cycles. These results demonstrate that the as-prepared separator is highly promising for lithium-ion battery application with the help of a suitable surfactant and dispersant.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of evidence-based medicine among primary care practitioners in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zanaridah Mat Nawi , Norhayati Mohd Noor , Rosnani Zakaria 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the level of knowledge and practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and the attitudes towards it and to identify the factors associated with its practice among primary care practitioners in Selangor, Malaysia.SettingThis cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected health clinics in Selangor. Data were collected from primary care physicians using self-administered questionnaires on knowledge, practice and attitudes regarding EBM.ParticipantsThe study included 225 respondents working in either government or private clinics. It excluded house officers and those working in public and private universities or who were retired from practice.ResultsA total of 32.9% had a high level of EBM knowledge, 12% had a positive attitude towards EBM and 0.4% had a good level of its practice. The factors significantly associated with EBM practice were ethnicity, attitude, length of work experience as a primary care practitioner and quick access to online reference applications on mobile phones.ConclusionsAlthough many physicians have suboptimal knowledge of EBM and low levels of practising it, majority of them have a neutral attitude towards EBM practice. Extensive experience as a primary care practitioner, quick access to online references on a mobile phone and good attitude towards EBM were associated with its practice.
New method for the production of thin and stable, segmented n$$+$$ contacts in HPGe detectors
Authors: Bertoldo S. , Maggioni G. , Raniero W. , Carraro C. , Riccetto S. , Sgarbossa F. , Scarpa D. , Andrighetto A. , Mazzolari A. , Gadea A. , Napoli D. R. , Napolitani E. , De Salvador D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe realization of pulsed-laser diffused, thin n$$+$$+contacts on high purity germanium (HPGe) and their successful segmentation is described. The contacts have been obtained by a laser-induced diffusion of Sb atoms, deposited by sputtering on Ge surface, and then segmented by means of a photolithographic technique. Three small prototypes of gamma ray detectors have been implemented, using the same n$$+$$+contact (laser diffused Sb) but with three different geometries and a B implanted p$$+$$+contact. Electrical and detection properties of the prototypes have been characterized, showing low leakage currents and good spectroscopy data with different gamma-ray sources. The stability of the detector performance has also been tested subjecting one of the prototypes to a typical annealing treatment.
Averaging generalized scalar field cosmologies II: locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi I and flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker models
Authors: Leon Genly , Cuéllar Sebastián , González Esteban , Lepe Samuel , Michea Claudio , Millano Alfredo D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScalar field cosmologies with a generalized harmonic potential and a matter fluid with a barotropic equation of state (EoS) with barotropic index $$\gamma $$
γ
for the locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi I and flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metrics are investigated. Methods from the theory of averaging of nonlinear dynamical systems are used to prove that time-dependent systems and their corresponding time-averaged versions have the same late-time dynamics. Therefore, the simplest time-averaged system determines the future asymptotic behavior. Depending on the values of $$\gamma $$
γ
, the late-time attractors of physical interests are flat quintessence dominated FLRW universe and Einstein-de Sitter solution. With this approach, the oscillations entering the system through the Klein–Gordon (KG) equation can be controlled and smoothed out as the Hubble parameter H – acting as time-dependent perturbation parameter – tends monotonically to zero. Numerical simulations are presented as evidence of such behavior.
The great Chinese fireball of December 22, 2020
Authors: Carbognani Albino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOn December 22, 2020, at about 23h 23m 33s UTC a very bright fireball was seen in the sky of southeastern China. The fireball lasted for several seconds and ended with an atmospheric explosion that was detected by US surveillance satellites. According to CNEOS’s data, the fireball moved with a mean speed of 13.6 km/s and exploded at an altitude of about 35.5 km (Lat. $$31.9^{\circ }$$

31
.

9
∘

N; Long. $$96.2^{\circ } $$

96
.

2
∘

E). In this paper we estimate the atmospheric trajectory, the heliocentric orbit and the strewn fields for different mass/section ratio of the fragments. The trajectory was about from north to south and with low inclination ($$5^{\circ } \pm 2^{\circ }$$

5
∘

±

2
∘

) with respect to the local surface. The explosion height appears consistent with a fragmented rocky body, and the heliocentric orbit supports an asteroidal origin. The probable strewn field extends between two points with coordinates ($$+31.3^\circ $$

+
31
.

3
∘

N; $$96.3^\circ $$

96
.

3
∘

E) and ($$+30.3^\circ $$

+
30
.

3
∘

N; $$96.5^\circ $$

96
.

5
∘

E), for a total area of about 4000 $$\text {km}^2$$

km
2

. This large extension is a direct consequence of the low inclination of the trajectory. Given the unknown uncertainty of the CNEOS’s data, these results should be taken with caution.