bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feature‐rich structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of the fluorine‐ and nitrogen‐incorporated CaF2 compound
Authors: Hoat D. M. , Nguyen Duy Khanh , On Vo Van , Ul Haq Bakhtiar , Rivas‐Silva J. F. , Cocoletzi Gregorio H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, two new compounds, namely CaF3 and CaF2N, are designed by incorporating fluorine and nitrogen into the CaF2 fluorite structure. The newly created materials show good thermodynamic and structural stability. CaF2 is an insulator with a band gap of 10.92 eV, exhibiting non‐magnetic feature. Under the incorporation effects, CaF3 becomes a ferromagnetic half‐metallic material with insulator spin‐up state with an energy gap of 11 eV and metallic spin‐down state. While CaF2N presents the magnetic insulator characteristic with an energy gap of 9.21 and 5.74 eV in the spin‐up and spin‐down channels, respectively. Consequently, diverse magnetic properties with total spin magnetic moments of 1 μB of CaF3 and 3 μB of CaF2N are obtained, being produced mainly by spin‐up state of the incorporated atoms. Interestingly, the population analysis indicates that Ca2+ ion remains its oxidation state in newly created systems. Unusual properties of CaF3 and CaF2N materials provide the possibility of harvesting the visible and far‐ultraviolet light with the absorption coefficient reaching values of 30 (104/cm) and 65.6 (104/cm), respectively. Theoretical predictions in this study suggest that the designed materials may be prospective candidates for use in spintronic and optoelectronic devices, applications that have not been done accounting for the pristine CaF2 compound yet.
Trust in experts, not trust in national leadership, leads to greater uptake of recommended actions during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ahluwalia Sangeeta C. , Edelen Maria O. , Qureshi Nabeel , Etchegaray Jason M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvidence suggests that people vary in their desire to undertake protective actions during a health emergency, and that trust in authorities may influence decision making. We sought to examine how the trust in health experts and trust in White House leadership during the COVID‐19 pandemic impacts individuals' decisions to adopt recommended protective actions such as mask‐wearing. A mediation analysis was conducted using cross‐sectional U.S. survey data collected between March 27 and 30, 2020, to elucidate how individuals' trust in health experts and White House leadership, their perceptions of susceptibility and severity to COVID‐19, and perceived benefits of protecting against COVID‐19, influenced their uptake of recommended protective actions. Trust in health experts was associated with greater perceived severity of COVID‐19 and benefits of taking action, which led to greater uptake of recommended actions. Trust in White House leadership was associated with lower perceived susceptibility to COVID‐19 and was not associated with taking recommended actions. Having trust in health experts is a greater predictor of individuals' uptake of protective actions than having trust in White House leadership. Public health messaging should emphasize the severity of COVID‐19 and the benefits of protecting oneself while ensuring consistency and transparency to regain trust in health experts.
Dynamic sliding mode control for nonlinear parameter‐varying systems
Authors: Wei Yanling , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article deals with the dynamic sliding mode control (SMC) problem for unmatched nonlinear parameter‐varying systems. The unmatched nonlinear model refers to the systems matrices of control input and nonlinearity terms having inconsistent values and structures. A linear sliding surface function is constructed, and the resulting sliding mode dynamics is formulated into a full‐order descriptor nonlinear parameter‐varying system. Then, based on a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function, the synthesis procedure of the sliding manifold is derived, which guarantees the asymptotic stability of the sliding motion. Furthermore, a dynamic SMC law is proposed to enforce the resultant closed‐loop system towards the sliding manifold in finite time. It is noteworthy that both the sliding surface and control law are depended on both time‐varying and measurable parameters. Finally, simulation studies are provided to unfold the validity of the proposed method.
Development of a precast prestressed concrete through‐girder system for shallow bridge structures
Authors: Sun Chuanbing (Shawn) , Farzana Nahid , Kuruppuarachchi Dinesha , Babarinde Oluwatobi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an innovative precast through‐girder system that can be used in shallow bridge structures. It discusses various components of the through‐girder system, including the edge (through) girders, transverse beams, and longitudinal and transverse connections. The through girders are made of precast concrete box beam segments that are spliced longitudinally through posttensioning. The precast prestressed transverse beams span between the through‐girders involving the use of transverse posttensioning. An important feature of this system is to implement ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) at the all joints. The use of UHPC allows to minimizing the joint width and achieving superior durability. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the analysis and design of the through‐girder bridge superstructure accounting for both high‐performance concrete (HPC) and UHPC options. The UHPC superstructure option can reduce the sizes of the structural members and allow to enhancing the structural performance.
Validating the use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analysis to assess the adrenocortical activity of the zoo‐housed Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana)
Authors: Santymire Rachel M. , Adkin Angie , Bernier David , Hill Brandy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith limited information known about the zoo‐housed Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana), there is a need to gain more knowledge about their basic physiology to be able to better assess their well‐being. Our goal was to develop noninvasive methods to evaluate stress physiology in the Sichuan takins housed under human care. The objectives were: (1) validate the use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analysis to monitor adrenocortical activity and (2) determine the relationship between FGM concentrations and changes in various factors including environmental conditions, reproductive hormones, and social factors. Three (one male and two females) adult Sichuan takins were included in the study from Lincoln Park Zoo. A cortisol enzyme immunoassay was used to analyze FGM from samples that were collected 2–4 times per week. FGM was biochemically validated in the laboratory and biologically validated using pregnancy and parturition. Results showed that 1 day after birth one female had a more than a six‐fold increase in FGM. A positive relationship (p < .05) was observed between FGM and temperature for two of the three takins. Finally, FGM values tended to increase during times when aggression (p = .09) and reproductive (p = .08) behaviors were observed. In conclusion, environmental, reproductive, and behavioral factors could affect adrenocortical activity in zoo‐housed Sichuan takins; therefore, these methods can be used to assist in the management and conservation of this threatened species both in zoos and potentially in the wild.
Resummed predictions for hadronic Higgs boson decays
Authors: Alioli Simone , Broggio Alessandro , Gavardi Alessandro , Kallweit Stefan , Lim Matthew A. , Nagar Riccardo , Napoletano Davide , Rottoli Luca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present the NNLL′ resummed 2-jettiness distribution for decays of the Standard Model Higgs boson to a b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

-quark pair and to gluons. The calculation exploits a factorisation formula derived using Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, in which large logarithms of the 2-jettiness are resummed by renormalisation group evolution of the hard, soft and jet contributions to the differential decay rate. We match the resummed predictions to the fixed-order NNLO result using the Geneva framework, extending the validity of the results to all values of the resolution variable and providing a fully exclusive NNLO event generator matched to the Pythia8 parton shower.
Phases of holographic interfaces
Authors: Bachas Constantin , Papadopoulos Vassilis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We compute the phase diagram of the simplest holographic bottom-up model of conformal interfaces. The model consists of a thin domain wall between three-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacua, anchored on a boundary circle. We distinguish five phases depending on the existence of a black hole, the intersection of its horizon with the wall, and the fate of inertial observers. We show that, like the Hawking-Page phase transition, the capture of the wall by the horizon is also a first order transition and comment on its field-theory interpretation. The static solutions of the domain-wall equations include gravitational avatars of the Faraday cage, black holes with negative specific heat, and an intriguing phenomenon of suspended vacuum bubbles corresponding to an exotic interface/anti-interface fusion. Part of our analysis overlaps with recent work by Simidzija and Van Raamsdonk but the interpretation is different.
The Role of Astronomy and Feng Shui in the Planning of Ming Beijing
Authors: Baratta Norma Camilla , Magli Giulio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPresent day Beijing developed on the urban layout of the Ming capital, founded in 1420 over the former city of Dadu, the Yuan dynasty capital. The planning of Ming Beijing aimed at conveying a key political message, namely that the ruling dynasty was in charge of the Mandate of Heaven, so that Beijing was the true cosmic centre of the world. We explore here, using satellite imagery and palaeomagnetic data analysys, symbolic aspects of the planning of the city related to astronomical alignments and to the feng shui doctrine, both in its “form” and “compass” schools. In particular, we show that orientations of the axes of the “cosmic” temples and of the Forbidden City were most likely magnetic, while astronomy was used in topographical connections between the temples and in the plan of the Forbidden City in itself.
Priming the self as an agent influences causal, spatial, and temporal events: implications for animacy, cultural differences, and clinical settings
Authors: Dennis John L. , Margola Davide 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeople intentionally engage in goal-directed actions—i.e., set goals, create plans, and execute volitional control, which are fundamental for our understanding of ourselves, others, and events. In three experiments we created a novel sentence unscrambling task that was used to prime the self-as-agent (i.e., sentences that contain the pronoun “I”), the self-as-patient (i.e., sentences that contain the pronoun “me”), or no prime (i.e., sentences that contain proper names only), and tested whether that priming would influence the interpretation of causal, spatial, and temporal events. Results demonstrated that the self-as-agent primed participants were more likely to attribute causal influence to a kayaker in a river (Study 1), to assign spatial directionality consistent with an agent moving through space (Study 2), and to assign temporal directionality consistent with an agent moving through time (Study 3). Taken together, these three studies demonstrate that situated conceptualizations of the self as an agent can be a springboard for relevant empirical and theoretical contributions to a broad range of ideas and approaches—from theories of agency to embodied cognition, from language systems to metaphoric representation frameworks, with some potentials even in the clinical and mental health field. Along these lines, implications for animacy, cultural differences, and clinical settings are discussed.
How Zebrafish Can Drive the Future of Genetic-based Hearing and Balance Research
Authors: Sheets Lavinia , Holmgren Melanie , Kindt Katie S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the last several decades, studies in humans and animal models have successfully identified numerous molecules required for hearing and balance. Many of these studies relied on unbiased forward genetic screens based on behavior or morphology to identify these molecules. Alongside forward genetic screens, reverse genetics has further driven the exploration of candidate molecules. This review provides an overview of the genetic studies that have established zebrafish as a genetic model for hearing and balance research. Further, we discuss how the unique advantages of zebrafish can be leveraged in future genetic studies. We explore strategies to design novel forward genetic screens based on morphological alterations using transgenic lines or behavioral changes following mechanical or acoustic damage. We also outline how recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9 can be applied to perform reverse genetic screens to validate large sequencing datasets. Overall, this review describes how future genetic studies in zebrafish can continue to advance our understanding of inherited and acquired hearing and balance disorders.
Reversible hydrogenation restores defected graphene to graphene
Authors: Jiang Lin , van Deursen Pauline M. G. , Arjmandi-Tash Hadi , Belyaeva Liubov A. , Qi Haoyuan , He Jiao , Kofman Vincent , Wu Longfei , Muravev Valery , Kaiser Ute , Linnartz Harold , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Hofmann Jan P. , Schneider Grégory F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGraphene as a two-dimensional material is prone to hydrocarbon contaminations, which can significantly alter its intrinsic electrical properties. Herein, we implement a facile hydrogenation-dehydrogenation strategy to remove hydrocarbon contaminations and preserve the excellent transport properties of monolayer graphene. Using electron microscopy we quantitatively characterized the improved cleanness of hydrogenated graphene compared to untreated samples. In situ spectroscopic investigations revealed that the hydrogenation treatment promoted the adsorption ofytyt water at the graphene surface, resulting in a protective layer against the re-deposition of hydrocarbon molecules. Additionally, the further dehydrogenation of hydrogenated graphene rendered a more pristine-like basal plane with improved carrier mobility compared to untreated pristine graphene. Our findings provide a practical post-growth cleaning protocol for graphene with maintained surface cleanness and lattice integrity to systematically carry a range of surface chemistry in the form of a well-performing and reproducible transistor.
Experimental study and numerical modeling of the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in soil freezing with different frost penetration directions
Authors: Sweidan A. H. , Niggemann K. , Heider Y. , Ziegler M. , Markert B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research work presents an experimental and numerical study of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes that occur during soil freezing. With focusing on the artificial ground freezing (AGF) technology, a new testing device is built, which considers a variety of AGF-related boundary conditions and different freezing directions. In the conducted experiments, a distinction is made between two thermal states: (1) The thermal transient state, which is associated with ice penetration, small deformations, and insignificant water suction. (2) The thermal (quasi-) steady state, which has a much longer duration and is associated with significant ice lens formation due to water suction. In the numerical modeling, a special focus is laid on the processes that occur during the thermal transient state. Besides, a demonstration of the micro-cryo-suction mechanism and its realization in the continuum model through a phenomenological retention-curve-like formulation is presented. This allows modeling the ice lens formation and the stiffness degradation observed in the experiments. Assuming a fully saturated soil as a biphasic porous material, a phase-change THM approach is applied in the numerical modeling. The governing equations are based on the continuum mechanical theory of porous media (TPM) extended by the phase-field modeling (PFM) approach. The model proceeds from a small-strain assumption, whereas the pore fluid can be found in liquid water or solid ice state with a unified kinematics treatment of both states. Comparisons with the experimental data demonstrate the ability and usefulness of the considered model in describing the freezing of saturated soils.
Microstructural Changes During Short-Term Heat Treatment of Martensitic Stainless Steel—Simulation and Experimental Verification
Authors: Schmidtseifer N. , Weber S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Short-term heat treatments of steels are used for tools and cutlery but also for the surface treatment of a variety of other workpieces. If corrosion resistance is required, martensitic stainless steels like AISI 420L or AISI 420MoV are typically used. The influence of short-term heat treatment on the different metastable states of the AISI 420L steel was examined and reported in this article. Starting from a defined microstructural state, the influence of a short-term heat treatment is investigated experimentally with the help of a quenching dilatometer and computer assisted simulations are carried out. With the results obtained, a simulation model is built up which allows to compute the microstructural changes during a short-term heat treatment to be evaluated without the need for an experiment. As an indicator, the value of the martensite start temperature is calculated as a function of different holding times at austenitizing temperature. The martensite start temperature is measured by dilatometry and compared to calculated values. Validation of simulated results reveals the potential of optimizing steel heat treatment processes and provides a reliable approach to save time, resources and energy.
Verschwörungstheorien unter dem Blickwinkel der Forensischen Humanwissenschaften
Authors: Endrass Jérôme , Graf Marc , Rossegger Astrid 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Verschwörungstheorie kennzeichnet u. a., dass eine Gruppe einer anderen Gruppe wahrheitswidrig ein destruktives Vorhaben unterstellt.Die Autoren dieses Artikels formulieren einen Vorschlag für eine typologische Einordnung von Verschwörungstheorien und skizzieren exemplarisch anhand der Protokolle der Weisen von Zion sowie QAnon die Entstehung sowie Auswirkungen von Verschwörungstheorien. Zudem wird auf die Persönlichkeit der Urheber und der Anhänger von Verschwörungstheorien Bezug genommen.Etwa 10–30 von 100 Deutschen glauben an eine Verschwörungstheorie. Wer sich für eine Verschwörungstheorie begeistert, interessiert sich i.d.R. auch für weitere. Die Persönlichkeiten von Verschwörungstheoretikern sind zwar nicht psychopathologisch auffällig, weisen aber ein salientes Persönlichkeitsprofil auf: Sie sind weniger verträglich, offen für neue Erfahrungen, schätzen sich als weniger intelligent ein, sie sind ansprechbar für Paranormales und weisen eine hohe externale Fatalität bzw. soziale Abhängigkeit auf.In einem dritten Teil werden Verschwörungstheorien unter dem Blickwinkel der Forensischen Humanwissenschaften beleuchtet. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Verschwörungstheorien und Gewalthandlungen. Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Personen, die sich intensiv mit Verschwörungstheorien beschäftigen, überschreitet nicht die Handlungsschwelle zur Gewalt. Allerdings haben sich nahezu alle Extremisten, die massive Gewalt angewendet haben, mit Verschwörungstheorien beschäftigt. Verschwörungstheorien sind somit forensisch gesehen relevant, etwa so wie extremistische Weltanschauung, Drohungen und querulatorisches Verhalten, weshalb eine Risikoeinschätzung anhand der üblichen Beurteilungsschritte des Bedrohungsmanagements erfolgen kann.
Sexual Behavior in Modern Societies: An Interdisciplinary Analysis
Authors: Grinde Bjørn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHumans, and other mammals, require specific interactions between two adults in order to procreate. The importance of these encounters for the genes has turned sex into an exceedingly varied and complicated form of behavior. Human sexual behavior is largely guided and motivated by feelings, and has a considerable impact on both individual well-being and the fabric of society. It is therefore important to assess how this aspect of life functions in industrialized societies. The present analysis uses the perspective of evolutionary biology but is based on research in sexuality, anthropology, animal behavior, positive psychology, and gender differences. Given that society should aim for maximizing the well-being of its members, the present situation does not appear to be optimal. The social environment of modern societies is likely to cause an increase in the prevalence of sex-related suffering and a reduction in the harvest of positive feelings. A relevant question is whether the situation regarding sex should be referred to as a ‘disease of modernity.’
Fertility Differences Between Migrants and Stayers in a Polygamous Context: Evidence from Senegal
Authors: Kraus Elisabeth K. , González-Ferrer Amparo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study takes a ‘country-of-origin’ or dissimilation perspective to compare the timing of births and completed fertility of international migrants and of those who stay at origin. In order to disentangle selection effects determining differential fertility behaviour of migrants, other mechanisms explaining migrant fertility (disruption, interrelation of events) are also examined. Furthermore, we take into consideration the prevalence of polygamy in Senegal to enhance our knowledge of migrant fertility in this specific context. For the empirical analysis, we use longitudinal data collected in the framework of the MAFE-Senegal project (Migrations between Africa and Europe), which includes retrospective life histories of non-migrants in Senegal and migrants in France, Italy and Spain. We estimate discrete time hazard models and Poisson regressions for male and female respondents separately to analyse the timing of first and higher-order births as well as completed fertility. The results show a strong disruptive effect of migration on childbearing probabilities for men and women, clearly related to the geographic separation of partners due to the out-migration of the man. Increased birth risks in the first year upon arrival could be observed for migrant women following their husbands to Europe, suggesting an interrelation of migration and fertility events. Regarding completed fertility, migrants have significantly fewer children by the age of 40 compared to their non-migrant counterparts, which among men is largely driven by a strong negative effect of polygamous migrants.
Introducing EzAAI: a pipeline for high throughput calculations of prokaryotic average amino acid identity
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Park Sein , Chun Jongsik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe average amino acid identity (AAI) is an index of pairwise genomic relatedness, and multiple studies have proposed its application in prokaryotic taxonomy and related disciplines. AAI demonstrates better resolution in elucidating taxonomic structure beyond the species rank when compared with average nucleotide identity (ANI), which is a standard criterion in species delineation. However, an efficient and easy-to-use computational tool for AAI calculation in large-scale taxonomic studies is not yet available. Here, we introduce a bioinformatic pipeline, named EzAAI, which allows for rapid and accurate AAI calculation in prokaryote sequences. The EzAAI tool is based on the MMSeqs2 program and computes AAI values almost identical to those generated by the standard BLAST algorithm with significant improvements in the speed of these evaluations. Our pipeline also provides a function for hierarchical clustering to create dendrograms, which is an essential part of any taxonomic study. EzAAI is available for download as a standalone JAVA program at http://leb.snu.ac.kr/ezaai.