bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism and Precocious Sexual Development: Another Case
Authors: Comas Adolfo Perez 
Published: December 2021

Recently, an article in Pediatrics by Costin et al.1 described two new cases of hypothyroidism and precocious sexual development. I would like to report another similar case with our available data.
M.L.M., a 13-year-old girl was first seen by us at age 12-4/12 for short stature. Her history included growth retardation, diminution of attention span, somnolence, anorexia with weight gain, and constipation beginning between ages 4 to 6. At 9½ years of age irregular menses began, breast development was first noticed at 10 years, and pubic hair at 11½ years. Her initial admission data are in Table I.
MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND: THE COMPLETE SYNDROME IN A CHILD
Authors: Levin Daniel L. , Perlia Charles , Tashjian Armen H. 
Published: December 2021

The history of a 16-year-old boy with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, bilateral pheochromocytomas, diffuse visceral ganglioneuromas, peculiar facies, "Marfanoid" habitus, and profuse diarrhea is presented. Concentrations of calcitonin in serum were markedly elevated (54 to 61 ng/ml).
Metastatic tumor nodules contained high calcitonin concentrations (220 MRC units/gm). Serum parathyroid hormone levels (0.38 to 0.42 ng/ml) were near the upper limit of the normal range, and the patient was normocalcemic. Immunoassays revealed elevated concentrations of prostaglandins of the ABE series (8 to 12 ng/ml) in the peripheral serum. This syndrome may result from a disorder of a single cell system–the chromaffin cell system–and may be considered a systemic chromaffinomatosis.
INDICATION OF INTRINSIC RENAL DISEASE IN AZOTEMIC INFANTS WITH DIARRHEA AND DEHYDRATION
Authors: Brill Charles B. , Uretsky Stanley , Gribetz Donald 
Published: December 2021

In an effort to differentiate transient renal impairment from more serious forms of renal disease in infants presenting with diarrhea and dehydration, serial blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values were obtained during rehydration. These were plotted against time on semilogarithmic paper. It was found that the BUN fell linearly with time. The half time (HT) of the BUN fall off, the time taken for the admission BUN to fall by 50%, was estimated from the graph. In patients with no intrinsic renal disease the half time was between 6 and 24 hours, mean half time was 15 hours.
Of nine children who had half times in excess of 24 hours, six had proven renal disease as manifested by oliguria, hematuria, or obstructive uropathy. This technique, the plotting of serial BUN values during rehydration, is suggested as a clinical method in evaluating the significance of azotemia in infants presenting with diarrhea and dehydration.
Can Language Disorder Not Due To Peripheral Deafness Be An Isolated Expression Of Prenatal Rubella?
Authors: Pinsky Leonard , Mendelson Jack , Lajoie Réal 
Published: December 2021

Rubella embryopathy may not be clinically evident at birth because of covert symptoms, progressive abnormality, or the normal delay in expression of certain functions, such as speech.
In 1968, we treated a child with autism whose mother had rubella during the first trimester. The patient was not considered to have had the congenital rubella syndrome. Subsequently, others1,2 described autism, and other behavioral disorders in children with documented prenatal rubella infection.
These observations led us to ask whether evidence for prenatal rubella could be obtained in a sample of autistic children, under the age of 6 years, without overt signs of this infection.
Mrs. Seymour Heeds Emperor Watcher's Plea
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

As Mrs. Seymour's self-appointed American guardian and interpreter of her writings, I consider it my duty to tell Emperor Watcher that, if she were still with us, she would have applauded his recent letter (Pediatrics, 51:753, 1973).
Emperor Watcher will also be interested in Mrs. Seymour's advice about children's diets. She wrote:
If we look into the Generality of Families, in which there are Children, we shall find them eating ten Times a-day, and drinking all Day long.
Calcium and Magnesium Concentration in Sweat of Normal Children and Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Paunier Luc , Girardin Eric , Sizonenko Pierre C. , Wyss Marguerite , Megevand Albert 
Published: December 2021

Calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured in the sweat of 26 normal children and 16 patients with cystic fibrosis.
There was no significant difference between the two groups. In both groups, there was a highly significant correlation between calcium and magnesium concentrations suggesting that these two ions share or compete for a common transport mechanism.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Pena Sergio Danilo Junho , Goodman Harold O. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Hall may be correct in thinking that thanatophoric dwarfism is a heterogeneous diagnostic category at present. However, the wide range of severity and body proportions per se is not a strong argument against polygenic inheritance. Myelomeningocele which is also compatible with polygenic inheritance exhibits wide variation.
We had not seen the later publication of Graff et al.,1 but having seen it now, the published x-rays do not appear clear enough to decide between achondrogenesis and thanatophoric dwarfism.
Pediatria, vols. 1 and 2, by Julio Meneghello. Buenos Aires: Inter-Medica, 1972, 582 pp. and 942 pp., no price given. (In Spanish)
Authors: Howard Jorge E. 
Published: December 2021

This textbook of pediatrics written in Spanish by 112 Latin American specialists is intended for the Latin American medical student and the physician who treats children in his daily practice. It is the first multi-authored pediatrics textbook by Latin Americans and, thus, represents a pioneering effort. It is presented in two volumes with a total of almost 1,600 pages. There are many excellent figures, tables, and, in general, it makes easy reading. Unfortunately, both volumes are numbered starting from page 1 and, as there is a separate index for each one, this leads to confusion.
The first 120 pages analyze various aspects of pediatrics peculiar to Latin America, maternal and child health care, and the teaching of pediatrics.
INTRAUTERINE DETECTION OF GM1 GANGLIOSIDOSIS, TYPE 2
Authors: Booth Carol W. , Gerbie Albert B. , Nadler Henry L. 
Published: December 2021

GM1 gangliosidosis, type 2 is a familial disorder of sphingolipid metabolism characterized by progressive and unrelenting neurologic deterioration leading to death within the first decade of life. Amniotic fluid cells obtained early in the second trimester of a pregnancy at risk for this disease were shown to be deficient in β-galactosidase activity.
On the basis of these results, the parents elected to terminate the pregnancy.
Examination of the fetal tissues revealed marked deficiency of α-galactosidase activity, increased cerebral GM1 ganglioside and abnormal hepatic lysosomes confirming the diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis, type 2.
THE HAND SOCK, AN ARTIFICIAL HANDICAP TO PREHENSION IN INFANCY, AND ITS RELATION TO CLINICAL DISUSE PHENOMENA
Authors: Umansky Richard 
Published: December 2021

Prehension was temporarily handicapped in 57 normal infants by enclosing one hand and forearm in a soft sock. In contrast to control performance infants frequently did not attempt to reach and grasp with the hand thus covered though use of the other arm continued. The disuse exceeded that attributable to the mechanical restriction of the sock.
In younger infants (4 to 6 months of age) it appeared to result from ignorance of the option to attempt prehension with the covered hand. In older infants (6 to 12 months of age) some of the disuse of that arm appeared deliberate, was reversible under circumstances of special need, and there was clearer awareness of the prehensile nature of the arm despite its functional and anatomical distortion by the sock. However, in older infants the unhampered arm and hand were more apt to substitute for the other, and in a few cases disuse and disregard of the arm with the enclosed hand was so extreme as to suggest an agnosia for the arm. The results, which link prehensile disuse to immature concepts of arm function, are relevant to pediatric conditions in which excessive arm disuse may occur, including sensory deprivation, hemiplegic cerebral palsy, brachial plexus palsy, and congenital arm amputations fitted with a prosthesis.
SERUM DIGOXIN STUDIES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: Hayes Constance J. , Butler Vincent P. , Gersony Welton M. 
Published: December 2021

Serum digoxin levels in nontoxic patients obtained 6 to 24 hours after administration of a maintenance dose of digoxin were measured by means of a radioimmunoassay method. There were 31 infants, 33 children, and 24 adults studied; 19 digitalis-toxic patients were also investigated.
The mean serum digoxin concentration in the nontoxic infants was 2.8 (±1.9) ng/ml, a level significantly greater than that obtained in the older children or adults, 1.3 (±0.4) ng/ml and 1.3 (±0.6) ng/ml, respectively (P &lt; .01). In the infant group, similar dosage schedules resulted in a higher serum concentration when the digoxin was administered intramuscularly rather than orally, but differences were also related to the age of the patients within the infant group. Sixty-five percent of the infants receiving standard maintenance therapy had digoxin levels &gt; 2.0 ng/ml, a range which is commonly associated with toxicity in adults. whereas only 18% of the children had serum concentrations above this value.
Mean serum digoxin levels in the digitalis toxic infants was 4.4 ng/ml and in the toxic children 3.4 ng/ml. Eleven of these 15 patients had received digoxin intramuscularly. The mean serum level measured in digitalis-toxic adults was 2.9 ng/ml.
Serum digoxin levels may be of value (1) as an adjunct in the diagnosis of toxicity, (2) in the early evaluation of accidental ingestion, (3) in the assessment of the adequacy of digitalization, and (4) in the management of digitalization of patients with renal insufficiency.
Carboxyhemoglobin Exchange Between Donors and Recipients of Blood Transfusions
Authors: Kandall Stephen R. , Landaw Stephen A. , Thaler M. Michael 
Published: December 2021

The potential toxicity of carbon monoxide in transfused blood has received relatively little attention. Ayres et al.1 demonstrated that a rise in carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) percent saturation from approximately 1% to 5% to 10% causes a notable decrease in the arterial and mixed venous blood oxygen tension in normal adults. Engel et al.2 noted that COHb in newborn infants with hemolytic disease could be altered with exchange blood transfusions. When respiratory distress occurs in such infants, high COHb in transfused blood may, therefore, reduce tissue oxygenation to dangerously low levels.
The relationship between COHb in donor blood and in recipients of exchange blood transfusions was examined in 15 infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia not associated with pulmonary deficiency.
CHILD PSYCHIATRY TEACHING IN PEDIATRIC TRAINING: THE USE OF A STUDY GROUP
Authors: Lewis Melvin , Colletti Richard B. 
Published: December 2021

Our purpose here is to draw attention to the use of a pediatric study group in a child psychiatry program integrated with pediatric training. Typically the pediatrician in training is motivated to develop expertise in a particular area (e.g., neurologic, cardiologic, hematologic, etc.) when stimulated by a particular patient to read about the problem, and to discuss it with teachers who specialize in that area or problem and are readily available. Consequently, the primary goal of the study group was to provide residents with precisely this mode of learning specifically for behavior problems.
Four residents, all committed to pediatrics, joined a senior child psychiatry faculty member to form a pediatric study group, meeting weekly on an unlimited time basis. They initially decided to review the literature on normal child development and then that on the clinical assessment of emotional development. A special bookshelf in the seminar room was provided to facilitate the reading.
Residents learned best from discussion of specific questions such as arose from residents' observations of their own normally developing child, or more often from a patient just seen. The accessibility of specialized information and guidance enabled exploration in depth of their patient's psychological and developmental status. As a result, they improved their skills in detection and management of common behavior problems and felt themselves better pediatricians, able to provide more comprehensive care.
Individual supervision and collaborative care around special cases took the form of a partnership, with mutual commitment in problems of failure to thrive, school learning, custody conflicts, adolescent turmoil, and even the issues in a difficult case of renal transplant between twins.
Role of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Pediatric Meetings
Authors: Parsons W. 
Published: December 2021

As a visiting pediatric resident attending the recent meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in Boston I wish to object to the role which various pharmaceutical manufacturers were invited to play in the proceedings.
We are doctors, we are not employees or clients of pharmaceutical firms and should expect neither discounts on their products nor to be entertained by them in their hopes of wooing our business. I do not wish my entertainment to be paid for by my patients through increased drug costs to them.
Whole Milk, Low-Fat Milk, or Skim Milk: Which Is to Be Recommended?
Authors: Gorlick Gary 
Published: December 2021

In the pediatric age group, which milk is most recommended by the Academy: skimmed milk or low-fat milk? The former I note is recommended as a possible preventative measure toward retarding or preventing atherosclerosis; yet the latter is higher in calcium and in caloric content.
The Chairman of the A.A.P. Committee on Nutrition answers as follows:
The Committee on Nutrition is preparing a broad statement on the use of milk, which will, when completed, provide you information on the questions raised.
Amphetamines in Epilepsy
Authors: Livingston Samuel , Berman Wulfred , Pauli Lydia L. 
Published: December 2021

In the February 1973 issue of Pediatrics, the Committee on Drugs presented a concise review of the use of d-amphetamine (Dexedrine) and related central nervous system stimulants in children. They stated, "At present there are only two valid indications for the use of amphetamines in childhood: (1) the hyperkinetic syndrome, and (2) the rare condition of narcolepsy." It is unforunate that the Committee overlooked the use of amphetamines in epilepsy as another valid indication.
The amphetamines play a very important role in the management of the epileptic patient, particularly in minimizing or alleviating anticonvulsant-induced drowsiness.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Haslam Robert H. A. , Berman Wulfred , Heller Richard M. 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Haslam, Berman, and Heller reply as follows:
We appreciate the comments and conclusions of Punnett and associates with respect to our recent report.1 The purpose of our article was to introduce a possible cause, albeit remote, for the growth failure in the Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) because of the finding of significant renal anomalies in some patients with this condition
A syndrome such as the Russell-Silver complex is suggested by an assemblage of symptoms and signs which tend to characterize a particular abnormality, but an etiology for the condition is usually not implied.
Virology Monographs 12: Varicella Virus, by D. Taylor-Robinson and Anne E. Caunt. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1972, 88 pp., $9.60
Authors: Kibrick Sidney 
Published: December 2021

This volume is another in the Virology Monograph series, which deals with specific viral agents or topics of current interest. These monographs have been appearing regularly since 1968 at the rate of several volumes per year. As with previous contributors to this series, both authors have been active in some phases of the subject that is covered.
The present monograph is devoted to a review in depth of varicella virus, covering references up to 1971. The authors have purposely entitled this volume "Varicella Virus" rather than "Varicella-Zoster Virus," the name in common use, to emphasize that it is a single viral agent that is responsible for both varicella and zoster.
MANAGING A PUBLICATION
Authors: Frazier Robert G. 
Published: December 2021

Pediatrics, the Academy's official journal, came into being in 1948. Its establishment signified the effort of the Academy and the pediatric academic community to create an outstanding scientific publication in the field of pediatrics. Through the past 25 years this goal was achieved and maintained under the editorial direction of three eminent and respected editors: Dr. Hugh McCulloch, Dr. Charles May, and Dr. Clement Smith.
In the same period, there have been accomplishments in the publishing and management of the journal which have facilitated Academy objectives. Basic factors which sustain a scientific journal include scientific papers of high quality, the interest of authors in advancing and diffusing knowledge, and a broad readership supportive of the journal and the goals of the sponsoring society.
WHAT MOTHERS READ ABOUT TEETHING IN 1845
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Many mothers in the 1840s read a manual on child care written by Dr. J. W. Holman who was both a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society and of The Boston Medical Association. This is what Dr. Holman told his readers about infant teething.1
Beside the general febrile symptoms attendant upon the teething of children, many other troublesome and sometimes fatal complaints follow. Much may be done for the safety and comfort of children at this critical period, by mothers and nurses.
If at this period the child is disposed to looseness, as is often the case, all kinds of food, and the various drinks that are calculated to increase this dependent or secondary trouble, should be carefully avoided; cold water, or mild before it is boiled, cider, spruce beer, and the like should not be allowed. Vegetables, such as beets, turnips, apples, potatoes, and fruits should be withheld. On the contrary, let the drink be prepared from some bark or herb that is gently astringent or binding and let the food be boiled milk thickened with wheat flour, dry crackers, and of such articles as will not tend to augment the diarrhea. But if there be no inclination to looseness, but symptoms of fever and nervous irritation, let acid and laxative drinks be given, and the food may be of a spare and loosening character.
Rice, with milk or molasses, tapioca, sago, arrow root, jellies, etc., are good articles of food, if the child be weaned. If the child is at the breast, the nourishment received from the mother is perhaps the best that can be given.
ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT LYMPHOCYTE KILLER FUNCTION AND AGE
Authors: McConnachie Peter R. , Rachelefsky Gary , Stiehm E. Richard , Terasaki Paul I. 
Published: December 2021

A function of human lymphocytes was studied in 66 individuals ranging in age from newborn to 100 years. The test used was antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis of HL-A antibody-coated 51Cr-labelled human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from newborn infants were ineffective in producing cell-mediated lympholysis and lymphocytes from children 1 to 6 years of age were most effective.
Lymphocytes from adult and geriatric persons demonstrated variable ability in this test system. The ability of lymphocytes to perform this cytolytic function is acquired between 3 and 12 months of age.
SIR GEORGE FREDERIC STILL ON THE CHILD'S TEMPER
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Sir George Frederic Still (1868-1941), one of the greatest figures of British pediatrics, wrote, in addition to his superb textbook, a largely unappreciated book entitled Common Happenings in Childhood (1938). In this charming book consisting of essays, studies and stray thoughts about everyday phenomena of a child's life, Still had this to say about temper as seen in children.
"This is not a homily, nor is it philosophic discourse de moribus, it is just a collection of stray thoughts upon temper, especially as seen in children.
When we speak of being ‘in a temper’ we usually mean a bad temper, but temper in itself has no such one-sided significance, there is good temper as well as bad temper. I am no psychologist and shall not attempt to define temper in terms of psychology, indeed a study of works upon that subject rather suggests that the psychologist knows nothing about temper. He makes great play with the emotions, e.g. anger, but he has nothing to say about that attitude of mind which we call bad-tempered or good-tempered. We all know what we mean by these terms: on the one hand, the sullen, irritable, contrary-minded, passionate; on the other, the bright, cheerful, responsive, ‘not easily provoked.’
A stray ebullition of anger or irritation is not necessarily an indication of bad temper, by which we mean rather an habitual tendency. We all have our flash-point of anger or irritation, but in some the flash-point of irritation is lower than the average: these are they whom we call bad-tempered.
SALT INTAKE AND EATING PATTERNS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN IN RELATION TO BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Holliday Malcolm A. , Anderson Arnold S. , Barness Lewis A. , Goldbloom Richard B. , Haworth James C. , Mauer Alvin M. , Miller Robert W. , O'Brien Donough , Weil William B. , Whitten Charles F. , Cravioto Joaquin , Filer L. J. , Kline O. L. , Winters Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

Approximately 20% of children in this country are at risk of developing hypertension as adults. The factors that will induce hypertension are genetic, which cannot be modified, and environmental, which can be modified. Genetic factors assist in identifying the population at risk, i.e., family history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, or renal disease. The population with a negative family history is less at risk.
The role of salt intake as an environmental factor in the induction of hypertension has still to be defined. For 80% of the population in this country, present salt intake has not been demonstrated to be harmful, i.e., hypertension has not developed. Salt intake is likely to be only one of the contributing factors for those whose genetic makeup predisposes them to hypertension.
Salt appetite for some is an important expression of personal preference in relation to diet; for others, salt-containing foods have important cultural values. Present evidence does not provide a firm basis for advising a change in the dietary salt intake for the general population. There is a reasonable possibility that a low salt intake begun early in life may protect, to some extent, persons at risk from developing hypertension.
Salt consumption today is being determined to an increasing degree by food manufacturers and processors and quick-service food suppliers. To the extent that salt is added to a food prior to its being served, the individual has an obligatory rather than a selected intake of salt. The consumption of presalted foods may be producing significant changes in salt intake which are not perceived at this time.