bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of frailty according to Clinical Frailty Scale on clinical outcome in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kanenawa Kenji , Isotani Akihiro , Yamaji Kyohei , Nakamura Miho , Tanaka Yuichi , Hirose‐Inui Kaoru , Fujioka Shimpei , Mori Shintaro , Yano Mariko , Ito Shinya , Morinaga Takashi , Fukunaga Masato , Hyodo Makoto , Ando Kenji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThere is currently no gold standard in evaluating frailty in patients with heart failure (HF), and the prognostic value of frailty according to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) on mortality in patients with HF is still unknown.Methods and resultsAmong consecutive 596 patients after their discharge from HF in Kokura Memorial Hospital (Kitakyushu, Japan) during 2015, their frailty at discharge was assessed according to CFS. Patients were classified into three groups: low (N = 232, 38.9%), intermediate (N = 230, 38.6%), and high (N = 134, 22.5%). The primary endpoint was defined as 2 year all‐cause death. The mean age was 76.6 ± 10.1 years, and 55.3% were men in entire cohort. There were significant differences in age, living environment, and dementia among low, intermediate, and high CFS groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and co‐morbidities such as severe renal failure and severe anaemia tended to increase with frailty severity, while body mass index (BMI) and albumin level tended to decrease with frailty severity. Two year cumulative incidences of all‐cause death for the three groups were 12.8%, 25.4%, and 52.7% (P < 0.001), respectively. This significant difference in the risk for all‐cause death among the CFS groups was driven by the risk for cardiac (8.6%, 14.2%, and 31.0%, respectively, P < 0.001) and non‐cardiac death (4.6%, 13.0%, and 31.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that high frailty was independently associated with all‐cause death (intermediate CFS group: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43, 95% confidence interval, 0.86–2.36, P = 0.16; high CFS group: adjusted hazard ratio, 3.90, 95% confidence interval, 2.32–6.55, P < 0.001), and this result was consistent, irrespective of stratification based on age, sex, BMI, and LVEF without significant interaction.ConclusionsThe simple CFS tool was successful in predicting the risk for all‐cause death in patients with HF, and frailty according to CFS was independently associated with all‐cause death irrespective of stratification based on age, sex, BMI, and LVEF without significant interaction. The CFS is a valuable prognostic tool in clinical settings.
Different kinds of energy harvesters from human activities
Authors: Zhou Xin , Liu Geng , Han Bing , Liu Xiaoli 
Published: February 2021

SummaryHuman has abundant energy and can achieve energy from different human daily activities with energy harvesters. It can provide power for the wearable electronic devices, and the micro implanted electronic devices. Achieve the purpose of assisting movement, reducing metabolism, detecting life signals, and measuring metabolism level. Energy sources are mainly divided into mechanical energy and biochemical energy. According to the biomechanical energy achieved from different parts of the body, the energy harvesters are classified. The working principle, design idea, wearing style, and materials of the energy harvesters are compared and analyzed. It is indicated that the biochemical energy harvesting technology based on cell and molecular level is an innovative method which can be used for low‐power devices with great potential. While mechanical energy technology based on the principle can achieve more energy, but larger and heavy structure will lead to poor wearing experience. Meanwhile, they should complement each other and excavate human energy. This paper is not only a summary of the current research, but also points to weaknesses and outlines possible improvements that are suitable for practical applications through comparison and analysis of different energy harvesters.Novelty StatementHuman has abundant energy and can achieve energy from different daily activities. Energy sources are divided into mechanical energy and biochemical energy. The biochemical energy harvesters based on cell and molecular level is an innovative method which can be used for low‐power devices. While mechanical energy harvesters can achieve more energy. This paper provides useful information for researchers to develop energy harvesters suitable for practical application in daily life.
Functional beverages improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis modulating lysophospholipids in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Rubio‐Rodríguez Julio C. , Reynoso‐Camacho Rosalia , Rocha‐Guzmán Nuria , Salgado Luis M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHypercaloric beverages increase the prevalence of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diets with polyphenolic compounds improved these alterations. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the consumption of three functional beverages (prepared with: Roselle, green tea, cinnamon, Malabar tamarind, and peppermint in different proportions) on insulin resistance and NAFLD and their relation to liver phospholipid regulation in Wistar rats fed with a high‐fat and fructose (HFF) diet. The consumption of beverages showed lower liver triglycerides compared to HFF control group, being the called beverage B the successful triggering up to 30.1%. The consumption of functional beverages improved insulin resistance and decreased the abundance of LysoPC (20:2), LysoPC (16:0), LysoPC (14:0), LysoPE (18:0), LysoPC (15:0), and LysoPC (20:1), with beverage C being the one with the meaningful effect. The results indicate that the functional beverage consumption improves insulin resistance, and decrease the degree of NAFLD, these through modifications of lysophosphatidylcholines, and lipids metabolism.
Proteomic analysis of drought stress response mechanism in soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves
Authors: Yahoueian Seyed Hamid , Bihamta Mohammad Reza , Babaei Hamid Reza , Bazargani Mitra Mohammadi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of drought responses is fundamental for developing genetically drought tolerant and high yielding crops. To understand molecular mechanism of drought tolerance of soybean (Glycine max L.), we compared leaf proteome patterns of in two genotypes GN‐3074 (drought tolerant) and GN‐2032 (drought‐sensitive) under drought stress during vegetative stage. Proteins were extracted from leaves of well‐watered and drought‐treated plants by using the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)–acetone precipitation method and analyzed by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Out 488 reproducibly detected and analyzed on two‐dimensional electrophoresis gels, 26 proteins showed significant changes in at least one genotype. The identification of 20 differentially expressed proteins using mass spectrometry revealed a coordinated expression of proteins involved in cellular metabolisms including photosynthesis, oxidative stress defense, respiration, metabolism process, signal transduction, phosphorus transduction, and methyl transduction which enable plant to cope with drought conditions. The most identified proteins involved in photosynthesis and oxidative stress defense system. The up‐regulation of several photosynthetic proteins and also high abundance of oxidative stress defense proteins in GN‐3074 genotypes as compare to GN‐2032 genotypes might reflect the fact that drought tolerance of GN‐3074 is due to effective photosynthetic machinery and more defense against oxidative stress. Our results suggest that soybean plant might response to drought stress by applying efficiently stay‐green mechanism through coordinated gene expression during vegetative stage.
Investigation of cellulose acetate/gamma‐cyclodextrin MOF based mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 gas separation
Authors: Mehmood Ovaid , Farrukh Sarah , Hussain Arshad , Younas Mohammad , Salahuddin Zarrar , Pervaiz Erum , Ayoub Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work is aimed to investigate the permeation characteristic of CA/γ‐CD‐metal organic framework (MOF) based mixed matrix membranes (MMM) for CO2/CH4 separation. The defect‐free CA/γ‐CD‐MOF MMMs with dense, isotropic morphology were fabricated using solution casting method. The fabricated membranes were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultimate tensile testing, and contact angle measurements. The characterization techniques revealed the uniform dispersion of filler in cellulose acetate matrix and absence of the agglomerates or cracks in the synthesized membrane samples. Moreover, the CO2/CH4 separation performance of fabricated membrane was evaluated using single and mixed gas permeation tests. A general trend of decreasing permeability and selectivity, that is, 36.79–35 of both CO2 and CH4 was observed by increasing the filler weight percentage (0.2–1.0) and pressure (1–5 bar). However, the highest CO2/CH4 selectivity of 38.49 was achieved by CA/γ‐CD‐MOF 0.4wt% MMM. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early versus late oral feeding following total (pharyngo)laryngectomy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Milinis Kristijonas , Gaskell Peter , Lau Andrew , Lancaster Jeffrey , Jones Terry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTiming of oral feeding following total laryngectomy is a contentious issue with highly varied practices. Multiple database search was performed to identify studies comparing outcomes of early (≤5 days) versus late (>5 days) oral feeding. Bias assessment was carried out using Cochrane bias tool. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. The rate of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) in randomized control trials (RCTs) in early versus late feeding was 15.2% versus 11.7% (RR 1.35, 95%CI [0.68–2.7], p = 0.40). The rate of PCF in the cohort studies was 14.1% versus 20.5% (RR 1.0, 95%CI [0.76–1.3], p = 0.98). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the early feeding group (mean difference (days) −4.68 (−6.2 to −3.1, p < 0.0001). Early oral feeding appears to be safe and is associated with shorter hospital stay. However, the quality of evidence is low and the patient characteristics are not representative of current practices.
Oral propranolol therapy in parotid hemangiomas: A retrospective comparison with other infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Wang Luying , Li Shaohua , Gao Qianqian , Lv Renrong , Xu Guangqi , Li Xueqing , Bi Jianhai , Huo Ran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes of propranolol treatment remain controversial for parotid hemangiomas, which may be inferior to outcomes for infantile hemangiomas (IHs) at other sites.MethodsPatients with IHs treated with oral propranolol were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes of propranolol therapy for parotid hemangiomas and other IHs were examined. Regression models were conducted to analyze the factors associated with the outcomes for parotid hemangiomas.ResultsLonger treatment duration was needed for parotid hemangiomas (p = 0.012) at a comparable efficacy and relapse rate as those of IHs at other sites. The higher efficacy was associated with early intervention before 4 months of age (OR = 5.2, p = 0.011), while, the lower relapse rate was associated with adequate treatment duration over 6 months (OR = 9.2, p = 0.010).ConclusionsWith a longer propranolol treatment duration, parotid hemangiomas could achieve a comparable efficacy and relapse rate as other IHs. Early treatment initiation and adequate treatment duration benefited the outcomes.
Tracheoesophageal puncture closure with annular mucosal flap
Authors: Yavuz Haluk , Vural Omer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo present an effective and easily applicable method for tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) closure by using a localized annular flap instead of bulky and distant flaps.MethodsThe medical records of patients who underwent TEP closure surgery with the annular mucosal flap technique between July 2012 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Fistula size, indication for closure, duration of surgery, radiotherapy status, and surgery results were analyzed.ResultsWe have used our technique in nine patients. No postoperative bleeding, wound infection, esophageal stenosis, and tracheostoma stenosis occurred. In all these patients except one, successful closure was achieved. None of the patients had a recurrence of the TEP.ConclusionThe annular mucosal flap technique for TEP closure is easy and quick to apply. The patient's oral feeding at the sixth hour after procedure without using a nasogastric tube makes the technique preferable as a priority.
Characterizing postoperative physiologic swallow function following transoral robotic surgery for early stage tonsil, base of tongue, and unknown primary human papillomavirus‐associated squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ottenstein Lauren , Cornett Hannah , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Nathan Meghana , Thomas Susan , Gillespie Amanda I. , McColloch Nancy , Barrett Tiffany , Studer Matthew B. , Brinkman Meghan , Kaka Azeem S. , Boyce Brian J. , Ferris Robert L. , Aiken Ashley H. , El‐Deiry Mark , Beitler Jonathan J. , Patel Mihir R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundData objectively evaluating acute post‐transoral robotic surgery (TORS) swallow function are limited. Our goal was to characterize and identify clinical variables that may impact swallow function components 3 weeks post‐TORS.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Pre/postoperative use of the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) and Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) was completed on 125 of 139 TORS patients (2016–2019) with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) scores were retrospectively calculated. Uni/multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsDysfunctional pre‐TORS DIGEST scores were predictive of post‐TORS dysphagia (p = 0.015). Pre‐TORS MBSImP deficits in pharyngeal stripping wave, swallow initiation, and clearing pharyngeal residue correlated with airway invasion post‐TORS based on PAS scores (p = 0.012, 0.027, 0.048, respectively). Multivariate analysis of DIGEST safety scores declined with older age (p = 0.044). Odds ratios (ORs) for objective swallow function components after TORS were better for unknown primary and tonsil primaries compared to base of tongue (BOT) (OR 0.35–0.91).ConclusionsPreoperative impairments in specific MBSImP components, older patients, and BOT primaries may predict more extensive recovery in swallow function after TORS.
Expression of reelin with age in the human hippocampal formation
Authors: Despotovski Vanessa , Vivekanandarajah Arunnjah , Waters Karen A. , Machaalani Rita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReelin plays a key role in neuronal migration and lamination in the cortex and hippocampus. Animal studies have shown that reelin expression decreases with age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of reelin in all layers of the human hippocampal formation across three age groups. We used immunohistochemistry in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded hippocampal tissue from infants (1–10 months;n= 9), children (4–10 years;n= 4), and adults (45–60 years;n= 6) to stain for reelin. Expression was quantified (measured as the number of positive reelin cells/mm2) in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG), the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (ML), the hippocampal fissure (HF), stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM), CA4/Hilus and the stratum pyramidale layer of CA3, CA2, and CA1. Expression of reelin was highest in the HF irrespective of age, followed by the SLM and ML. Minimal to no expression was seen in the stratum pyramidale layer of CA1‐3. With age, reelin expression decreased and was statistically significant from infancy to childhood in the HF (p= .02). This study confirms that reelin expression decreases with age in the human hippocampus, and shows for the first time that the major decrease occurs between infancy and early childhood.
Training and practices of quack nurses in Nigeria: A public health concern
Authors: Aborode Abdullahi T. , Babatunde Abdulhammed O. , Agboola Progress 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraining of quack nurses by health care workers across all levels in Nigeria is gradually becoming the new normal and major malpractice worsening the country's health care system. This article addresses the causes and effects of this malpractice. The proliferation of quackery in the nursing profession can be linked to many sources. This includes doctors and nurses' greed and selfishness in the need to make mega‐profits from practice in private hospitals and clinics; lack of political will and commitment towards the health sector; poor regulation and routine supervision by professional associations; ignorance and misinformation. Effects of training quacks include increase maternal and childhood mortality, increase unemployment rate of registered nurses and midwifery, discredit medical and nursing education, poor treatment outcome and weakened healthcare system. Recommended solutions are: improving state health insurance, improving financial coverage, enforcing the law against quackery and increase awareness in local communities.
Concurrent validity of the MacArthur communicative development inventory, the Ages and Stages Questionnaires and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development: A study in rural China
Authors: Yue Ai , Luo Xia , Jia Miqi , Wang Boya , Gao Qiufeng , Shi Yaojiang , Wang Shun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires Edition 3 (ASQ‐3) and the MacArthur communicative development inventory (CDI) as a screening measure for children at risk of language development delay in western rural China, by comparing them to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID‐III). We administered the BSID‐III on 1,079 children (aged 8–24 months) and administered the ASQ‐3 and the CDI to their caregivers. We found a significant, low‐to‐moderate correlation between the three scales. Further, correlation strength increased with age of the child and was stronger when the mother was the primary caregiver. We also found that the sensitivity and specificity of the ASQ‐3 ranged widely. The overall findings suggest that the ASQ‐3 and the CDI may not be very accurate screening tools for identifying language development delays in children, especially those under 17 months or whose primary caregiver is not their mother.Highlights
We evaluated the accuracy of language sections of three scales (CDI, ASQ‐3 and BSID‐III) for rural children in western China.
Multiple methods were utilized and showed a significant, low‐to‐moderate correlation between the three scales.
Our findings revealed that both ASQ‐3 and CDI are not accurate screening tools for identifying language development delays in children.
A Phase I dose‐escalation study of two cycles carboplatin‐olaparib followed by olaparib monotherapy in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Geenen Jill J. J. , Dackus Gwen M. H. E. , Schouten Philip C. , Pluim Dick , Marchetti Serena , Sonke Gabe S. , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H. M. , Linn Sabine C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreclinical studies have shown synergistic effects when combining PARP1/2 inhibitors and platinum drugs in BRCA1/2 mutated cancer cell models. After a formulation change of olaparib from capsules to tablets, we initiated a dose finding study of olaparib tablets bidaily (BID) continuously with carboplatin to prepare comparative studies in this patient group. Patients were included in a 3 + 3 dose‐escalation schedule: olaparib 25 mg BID and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 3 mg*min/mL d1/d22, olaparib 25 mg BID and carboplatin AUC 4 mg*min/mL d1/d22, followed by increasing dose‐levels of olaparib from 50 mg BID, 75 mg BID, to 100 mg BID with carboplatin at AUC 4 mg*min/mL d1/d22. After two cycles, patients continued olaparib 300 mg BID as monotherapy. Primary objective was to assess the maximum tolerable dose (MTD). Twenty‐four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced cancer were included. Most common adverse events were nausea (46%), fatigue (33%) and platelet count decrease (33%). Dose‐level 3 (olaparib 75 mg BID and carboplatin AUC 4 mg*min/mL; n = 6) was defined as MTD. Fourteen out of 24 patients (56%) had a partial response as best response (RECIST 1.1). Systemic exposure of the olaparib tablet formulation appeared comparable to the previous capsule formulation with olaparib tablet AUC0‐12 of 16.3 μg/mL*h at MTD. Polymers of ADP‐ribose levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were reduced by 98.7% ± 0.14% at Day 8 compared to Day 1 for dose‐level 3. Olaparib tablets 75 mg BID and carboplatin AUC 4 mg*min/mL for two cycles preceding olaparib monotherapy 300 mg is a feasible and tolerable treatment schedule for patients with advanced cancer.
Evolving landscape and academic attitudes toward the controversies of global immuno‐oncology trials
Authors: Xu Cheng , Zhang Shu , Zhang Yuan , Tang Si‐Qi , Fang Xue‐Liang , Zhu Guang‐Li , Peng Liang , Liu Jin‐Qi , Mao Yan‐Ping , Tang Ling‐Long , Liu Qing , Lin Ai‐Hua , Sun Ying , Ma Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis cross‐sectional and longitudinal descriptive analysis aimed to track the evolving landscape of global immuno‐oncology (IO) trials and provide insight into the resolution of IO‐related controversies. Clinical trials (n = 4510) registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in 2007 to 2019 studying immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), cancer vaccines and immune modulators were included. Most of IO trials are Phase 2 and focus on ICIs and multiple IO therapies. The United States leads global IO research, with stable growth and the best methodological quality. Mainland China ranks first in the number of ACT trials but has the lowest article publication rate (6.2%). A multiple‐arm comparative design is often adopted in multiple IO therapies trials (44.0%). Trials studying ICIs and multiple IO therapies are likely to use early registration (80.0% and 86.6%) and stringent corticosteroid‐/infection‐related criteria. Hospitals have provided the most extensive and strongest support for all IO categories. Big pharma prefers to fund Phase 3‐4 ICI trials (6.98%), while small pharma has a wider sponsorship favoring Phase 1‐2 trials. The “partial‐use‐of‐corticosteroids” strategy is generally well accepted in ICI trials with a definitive trend (32.5%; P < .001) but is associated with the poor dissemination of results (P ≤ .020), while the complete disclosure and standardization of dose/timing limits are still lacking. Disparities in design features and dissemination of results are widespread in IO trials and are modulated by IO category, cancer type and sponsor. We propose policy reforms to redefine the timely publication of IO trials and standardize the resolution of corticosteroid‐/infection‐related issues.