bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Intriguing Behavior of Ultraviolet Photodesorption and Color Temperature of Astrophysical CO Ice Analogs: A Possible Indication of Molecular Disorder
Authors: Carrascosa H. , Muñoz Caro G. M. , González-díaz C. , Suevos J. , Chen Y.-J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ejection of molecules from ice-covered dust exposed to ultraviolet photons, known as photodesorption, is summoned to account for gas abundances in cold regions. Carbon monoxide (CO) is the second most abundant ice component in interstellar clouds. Photon energy transfer between CO molecules can eventually excite molecules on the ice surface, allowing desorption. CO photodesorption drops linearly by a factor of 4 for increasing ice deposition temperature between 7 and 20 K. Because translation of molecules leading to crystallization occurs above 20 K, amorphous CO ice must hold another property that depends on deposition temperature and has an impact on photodesorption. CO ice molecules act as tiny dipoles weakly bonded to each other. We used colorimetry to trace variations of the relative orientations between CO molecules, a process not observed using other techniques. Color variations seen by eye at different deposition temperatures range from brown to translucent, or transparent when CO ice is deposited above 20 K and is nearly crystalline. As expected, apolar N2 ice did not display a visual color. Color temperature measurements allowed quantification of this phenomenon. The behavior of color temperature matches the photodesorption, allowing a better understanding of this process, and provides a method to monitor structural changes in molecular solids. An implication in astrophysics is that the albedo of icy bodies can be low in CO patches. A brownish color is not only indicative of organic matter, as it may be due to disordered solid CO, and allows to determine the build-up temperature of CO ice.
Hidden Treasures in the Unknown 3CR Extragalactic Radio Sky: A Multiwavelength Approach
Authors: Missaglia V. , Massaro F. , Liuzzo E. , Paggi A. , Kraft R. P. , Forman W. R. , Jimenez-Gallardo A. , Madrid J. P. , Ricci F. , Stuardi C. , Wilkes B. J. , Baum S. A. , O’Dea C. P. , Kuraszkiewicz J. , Tremblay G. R. , Maselli A. , Capetti A. , Sani E. , Balmaverde B. , Harris D. E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present the analysis of multiwavelength observations of seven extragalactic radio sources, listed as unidentified in the Third Cambridge Revised Catalog (3CR). X-ray observations, performed during Chandra Cycle 21, were compared to Very Large Array (VLA), Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Pan-STARRS observations in the radio, infrared, and optical bands, respectively. All sources in this sample lack a clear optical counterpart, and are thus missing their redshift and optical classification. In order to confirm the X-ray and infrared radio counterparts of core and extended components, here we present for the first time radio maps obtained manually reducing VLA archival data. As in previous papers on the Chandra X-ray snapshot campaign, we report X-ray detections of radio cores and two sources, out of the seven presented here, are found to be members of galaxy clusters. For these two cluster sources (namely, 3CR 409 and 3CR 454.2), we derived surface brightness profiles in four directions. For all seven sources, we measured X-ray intensities of the radio sources and we also performed standard X-ray spectral analysis for the four sources (namely, 3CR 91, 3CR 390, 3CR 409, and 3CR 428) with the brightest nuclei (more than 400 photons in the 2″ nuclear region). We also detected extended X-ray emission around 3CR 390 and extended X-ray emission associated with the northern jet of 3CR 158. This paper represents the first attempt to give a multiwavelength view of the unidentified radio sources listed in the 3CR catalog.
Surface Rotation and Photometric Activity for Kepler Targets. II. G and F Main-sequence Stars and Cool Subgiant Stars
Authors: Santos A. R. G. , Breton S. N. , Mathur S. , García R. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dark magnetic spots crossing the stellar disk lead to quasiperiodic brightness variations, which allow us to constrain stellar surface rotation and photometric activity. The current work is the second of this series, where we analyze the Kepler long-cadence data of 132,921 main-sequence F and G stars and late subgiant stars. Rotation-period candidates are obtained by combining wavelet analysis with autocorrelation function. Reliable rotation periods are then selected via a machine-learning (ML) algorithm, automatic selection, and complementary visual inspection. The ML training data set comprises 26,521 main-sequence K and M stars from Paper I. To supplement the training, we analyze in the same way as Paper I, i.e., automatic selection and visual inspection, 34,100 additional stars. We finally provide rotation periods P
rot and associated photometric activity proxy S
ph for 39,592 targets. Hotter stars are generally faster rotators than cooler stars. For main-sequence G stars, S
ph spans a wider range of values with increasing effective temperature, while F stars tend to have smaller S
ph values in comparison with cooler stars. Overall for G stars, fast rotators are photometrically more active than slow rotators, with S
ph saturating at short periods. The combined outcome of the two papers accounts for average P
rot and S
ph values for 55,232 main-sequence and subgiant FGKM stars (out of 159,442 targets), with 24,182 new P
rot detections in comparison with McQuillan et al. The upper edge of the P
rot distribution is located at longer P
rot than found previously.
Quiet-Sun Mg ii h and k Line Profiles Derived from IRIS Full-Sun Mosaics. I. Reference Profiles and Center-to-limb Variation
Authors: Gunár Stanislav , Koza Július , Schwartz Pavol , Heinzel Petr , Liu Wenjuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We derived high-precision reference profiles of the Mg ii h and k lines that represent the quiet Sun during a minimum of the solar activity. To do so, we used the broad catalog of full-Sun mosaics obtained by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). To minimize the influence of the local variations due to the on-disk solar features and to achieve low levels of uncertainties, we used 12 IRIS full-Sun mosaics without sunspots or other significant signs of solar activity. These mosaics were obtained between 2019 April and 2020 September in the near-ultraviolet spectral range. In this paper, we present the disk-averaged reference profiles of Mg ii h and Mg ii k lines, together with a series of reference profiles spanning the distance between the disk center and the solar limb. These series of profiles offer a detailed representation of the center-to-limb variation of both Mg ii h and Mg ii k lines. The reference Mg ii h and k line profiles provided in this paper can be used as the incident radiation boundary condition for radiative-transfer modeling of prominences, spicules, and other coronal and chromospheric structures.
Tel propriétaire, tel dirigeant de presse ?
Authors: Sedel Julie 
Published: July 2021

Alors qu’elle est au centre du débat sur l’indépendance des médias, la question des relations entre l’actionnariat et les politiques éditoriales est longtemps restée une boîte noire en sociologie. Cet article propose des pistes pour analyser ces relations. Après avoir présenté les obstacles méthodologiques et épistémologiques rencontrés par le chercheur, l’article propose d’examiner le lien statistique entre des types de régimes de propriétés et des profils de dirigeants (en termes de métier d’origine, de formation notamment). Il étudie ensuite, à travers une analyse des correspondances multiples, l’impact des différents régimes de propriété sur la structuration du groupe des dirigeants. Soulignant le poids de la modalité « Sociétés civile » (médias détenus par des journalistes, des organisations religieuses, militantes, associatives, syndicales) dans la construction de l’ACM, il s’efforce de décrire les profils de ces dirigeants par rapport à ceux d’autres médias. L’article conclut sur l’existence d’une certaine inertie des structures.
Enfants et adolescents face à la maladie chronique : le cas du diabète de type 1
Authors: Vinel Virginie , Diasio Nicoletta , Bichet Lydie 
Published: July 2021

L’attention aux savoirs des enfants et adolescents se développe tant dans les politiques de santé que dans les familles. Les sciences sociales se sont emparées de l’idée de tenir compte du point de vue des enfants tout en soulignant qu’il se construit dans et par les structures sociales. L’article observe les savoirs acquis par les enfants et les adolescents atteints d’un diabète de type 1, vivant dans le Grand-Est et en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Le contrôle et la gestion de cette maladie chronique nécessitent autant des savoirs experts (lire, écrire et calculer la glycémie) que des savoirs pratiques, basés sur l’expérience, l’écoute, la compréhension et la mise en mots de ses sensations. La recherche montre une complémentarité entre ces savoirs, le rôle actif des enfants et des adolescents dans leur élaboration, ainsi que la place de la famille dans leur apprentissage et leur légitimation.
Politiques publiques d'accueil de la petite enfance en situation de pauvreté
Authors: Séraphin Gilles , Modak Marianne , Zaouche-Gaudron Chantal 
Published: July 2021

Cet article est issu d’un rapport portant sur un état des savoirs sur l’Accueil dans les structures petites enfance des enfants de moins de trois ans en situation de pauvreté remis à la Caisse nationale des Allocations familiales (Cnaf) en mai 2020. Le propos ici est de traiter les questions des politiques publiques à mettre en œuvre, en matière d’accueil de la petite enfance, pour réduire les situations de pauvreté vécues par les très jeunes enfants. Sur la base d’un état des lieux constitué d’une revue de littérature de recherches nationale et internationale, trois questions, couramment posées comme des alternatives dans le débat public français, seront développées : est-il préférable de mener une politique universelle ou alors une politique ciblée ? Subsidiairement, peut-on imaginer une voie intermédiaire qui serait une « universalité proportionnée » ? Par ailleurs, vaut-il mieux investir dans des structures ou alors développer des allocations à la personne ?
Longitudinal Quantitative Ultrasonic Analysis of Patellar Tendon in a Collegiate Athlete After Bilateral Debridement: A Case Report
Authors: Crawford Scott K. , Rudolph Ashley , Engel Aaron J. , Ransone Jack , Bashford Gregory R. 
Published: July 2021

Context
A National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female basketball athlete (age = 20 years, height = 190.5 cm, mass = 87 kg) had chronic patellar tendinopathy.

Intervention(s)
After undergoing unsuccessful conservative treatments, the athlete underwent bilateral open patellar debridement surgery. Pain and dysfunction were assessed via the Victorian Institute of Sport-P (VISA-P) score with concurrently collected B-mode ultrasound images of the patellar tendon throughout a 12-month rehabilitation.

Results
Peak spatial frequency radius (PSFR), a quantitative ultrasound measure previously shown to be correlated with collagen organization, was compared with changes in VISA-P scores. Overall increases in PSFR values across 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion were observed throughout recovery. Despite increased PSFR values and returning to sport, the athlete reported substantial pain.

Conclusions
In this level 3 exploration case report, we provide novel insight into ultrasonically measured structural changes of the patellar tendon after surgery and during rehabilitation of an athlete with chronic tendinopathy. Perceived pain measurements were not necessarily related to structural adaptations.
Abrasiveness and whitening effect of charcoal-containing whitening toothpastes in permanent teeth.
Authors: Ghajari Masoud Fallahinejad , Shamsaei Maryam , Basandeh Kimia , Galouyak Maedeh Sadeghpour 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Charcoal toothpastes can whiten teeth through abrasion. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of whitening and abrasiveness of charcoal toothpastes in permanent teeth.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, 30 premolars were polished, sectioned, mounted, and stored for 5 days in a coffee solution at 37°C. The color and surface profile of the teeth were measured by spectrophotometry and a profilometric device, respectively. The specimens were divided into 3 groups of 10 and were brushed 2000 times (equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months) in a brushing machine using 20 g of each toothpaste (Bencer, Beverly, and Colgate) mixed with 40 ml of distilled water. The color and surface profile were remeasured. Bonferroni test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the abrasion. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the whitening.

Results:
The three toothpastes caused changes in the surface profile (P = 0.0001). ΔE was equal to 3.3 (within the acceptable range) in all groups (95% confidence interval). There was no significant difference in abrasion (P > 0.05) and color change (P = 0.884) among toothpastes.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that all the three used toothpastes have the abrasive and whitening effect on the samples significantly. The differences between the toothpastes were not significant.
Effect of various single file systems on microcrack formation in root canals
Authors: Chandwani Neelam , Ranka Aastha , Jadhav Ganesh R. , Jagyasi Dolly , Bopche Pooja , Golchha Arihant 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The aim of this study was to compare dentinal crack formation in root canal walls following 3 single file systems with continuous rotation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:
In this SEM study, seventy mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups. 3 experimental groups (n = 20) and 2 control groups (n = 5) as follows: Group I: Neolix NiTi file system, Group II: OneShape systems, Group III: OneCurve file system, positive control: conventional Hand File system, negative control: unprepared. After root canal preparations, the roots were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with water irrigation. The sections were inspected in all directions under SEM at × 100 magnification to determine the presence of cracks. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. There is a statistically significant difference in the crack formation between the apical third (P = 0.012) and coronal third (P = 0.002) when comparing all the 5 groups. No significant difference is found in the middle third (P = 0.46). P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results:
Maximum cracks in the apical third were seen with One Shape file 11 (55%) and in the coronal third with Neolix NiTi 14 (70%). There is a statistically significant difference in the crack formation only in OneCurve when comparing the apical, middle, and coronal third for the individual group (P = 0.042).

Conclusion:
There was a significant difference in crack formation in apical and coronal third. OneCurve caused the least incidence of cracks when compared to other file systems. OneCurve file system can be a choice for canal preparation over Neolix Niti and OneShape.
A survey on osteogenic effect of collagen-membrane derived from Rutilus kutum swim bladder in rat calvaria
Authors: Bahrizadeh Farid , Lisar Hamidreza Azimi , Naderi Noushin Jalayer 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The collagen membrane which obtained from bovine pericardium and human skin in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is costly and may even cause transmission of diseases. Replacing conventional collagen membranes with a more easily accessible and cheaper ones will have economic benefits. The aim was to determine the osteogenic effect of collagen-membrane derived from Rutilus kutum swim bladder on rat calvaria.

Materials and Methods:
The study was experimental. Thirty-six male albino rats of the Wistar strain were included in the study. The 5 mm surgical defects were created on calvarias and filled with allograft bone material and covered by R. kutum swim bladder (Group I), bovine derived pericardial membrane (Group II) and without membrane cover (Group III). The specimen were euthanized after 3, 5 and 8 weeks. The surrounding connective tissue was evaluated in term of osseous formation. Kruskal–Wallis, Univariant analysis of variance, and post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. The P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A significant differences between groups in terms of osseous formation (P = 0.001) was noted. The difference of osseous formation was significantly higher in 5 and 8 weeks than 3 weeks after operation in all groups (P = 0.03 and P = 0.006, respectively). The osseous formation in Group I and II were significantly higher than Group III (P = 0.023 and P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The R. kutum swim bladder had osteogenic effect on rat calvaria. R. kutum swim bladder can be a new source in natural derived collagen membrane in GBR.
Effect of different laser treatments on the shear bond strength of zirconia ceramic to resin cement
Authors: Hatami Mahnaz , Lotfi-Kamran Mohammadhossein , Davari Abdolrahim , Molazem Meisam 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Several techniques such as sand blast, silicoating, and laser irradiation have been introduced for reliable bond between zirconia and resin cement. This study aimed to assess and compare the effect of three types of lasers on the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia to resin cement.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, 55 zirconia disks (6 mm diameter × 3 mm thickness) were randomly divided into five groups: control (1), sandblast (2), carbon dioxide (CO2) (3), erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) (4), and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) (5) laser irradiation. The surface morphology of one specimen from each group was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope. Zirconia disks were cemented to composite using Panavia F2. SBS test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min after 24 h storage in distilled water and thermocycling. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's HSD tests (α = 0.05).

Results:
The mean SBS values of the groups such as sandblast, Er: YAG, Nd: YAG, and CO2 lasers and control were 6.64 MPa, 6.63 MPa, 4.98 MPa, 4.39 MPa, and 2.32 MPa, respectively. No significant difference was observed between sandblast and Er: YAG laser and between Nd: YAG and CO2 lasers.

Conclusion:
All lasers increased SBS values of zirconia to resin cement in comparison to the untreated surface. Er: YAG laser was the most effective laser treatment on the bond strength equal to that of sandblast.
Bond strength and microleakage of different types of cements in stainless steel crown of primary molar teeth
Authors: Kameli Somayeh , Khani Fatemeh , Bahraminasab Marjan , Ghorbani Raheb , Abbas Fatemeh Mashhadi 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The margin of crown is a significant area for plaque accumulations. Therefore, the ability of the cement to seal the margin is very important. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bond (retentive) strength, microleakage, and failure mode of four different types of cements in stainless steel crown (SSC) of primary molar teeth.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, eighty extracted primary molar teeth were divided into two groups of forty teeth to test the microleakage and bond strength. The crowns were cemented according to the manufacturer guidelines with four cement types including self-cure glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, polycarboxylate, and resin cements. Stereomicroscope and universal testing machine were used to measure the microleakage and bond strength, respectively. For calculating the surface area of crowns, three-dimensional scanning was used. Furthermore, the failure mode was examined after the bond strength test. The cements surfaces and the tooth–cement interfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained values were analyzed using SPSS-23 software through Shapiro–Wilk and one-way analysis of variance tests. Means, standard deviations, medians, and interquartile ranges were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in all analyses.

Results:
Significant differences between microleakage (P = 0.001) and failure mode (P = 0.041) of the four types of cements were obtained. However, the mean bond strengths of the four groups did not differ significantly (P = 0.124). The obtained SEM images confirmed the results of bond strength and microleakage.

Conclusion:
Resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer, respectively, showed superior properties and are recommended for use in SSCs of primary molar teeth.
Antibacterial effect of a disinfectant spray for sports mouthguards on Streptococcus sobrinus
Authors: Tanabe Gen , Churei Hiroshi , Takeuchi Yasuo , Hayashi Kairi , Kanasaki Aki , Yoshida Yuriko , Toma Jun , Araie Yosiaki , Ueno Toshiaki 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Mouthguard (MG) disinfectant sprays are available for maintaining MG hygiene. The effect of these sprays against Streptococcus sobrinus is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of an MG disinfectant spray against S. sobrinus using the modified ISO 22196 standard.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, we used the following treatment groups for antibacterial testing: MG spray-1 (left in spray for 30 s), MG spray-2 (60 s), and control (n = 4). All analyses were performed at a statistically significant level (P = 0.05) using JMP® 14.

Results:
The log colony-forming units of the MG spray-2 group were significantly lower than those of the other groups. The antibacterial activity of MG spray-2 against S. sobrinus was >2.1.

Conclusion:
We confirmed the antibacterial effect of the MG spray against S. sobrinus, and it was influenced by the treatment duration, with the optimum effect at a longer duration.
Genetic association of rs7754840 and rs7756992 polymorphisms in the CDKAL1 gene and gestational diabetes mellitus in selected Filipino pregnant women
Authors: Pineda-Cortel Maria Ruth B. , Baybayan Karlo , Bello Peter Louie , Camenforte Latiffa Lois , Ching Stefany Jane , Conti Kathleen , Ignacio Jeremiah Jose , Diaz Jiovanni , Villavieja Adrian , Pandac Jefferyl Kae , Alejandro Emilyn U. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To investigate the possible association between rs7754840 and rs7756992 polymorphisms of CDKAL1 gene and susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a Filipino pregnant population.

Methods:
A total of 101 patients with GDM and 99 women without GDM were included. Two CDKAL1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs7754840 and rs7756992, were genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Mann-Whitney U test, median and interquartile range were used to describe physical and biochemical characteristics. The differences in the genotype and allele distribution of the target genetic variants among the two groups of participants were assessed by using Chi-square test. Conformity to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested prior to conducting further analysis. Multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate the effects of the genotype models on GDM development.

Results:
There was no observed correlation between the genotypes of the rs7754840 SNP and oral glucose tolerance test parameters. Consequently, there was no significant association between genetic models of the rs7754840 SNP and GDM risk (additive OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.82-2.50, P=0.21; dominant OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.57-2.59, P=0.62; recessive OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.86-3.09, P=0.13).

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest no association between CDKAL1 gene variant rs7754840 and GDM development in Filipino pregnant women. Further studies with a larger population should be performed to validate our findings.