bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old Poison, New Problem: Cyanide Fatal Intoxications Associated with Internet Shopping
Authors: Wachełko Olga , Chłopaś-Konowałek Agnieszka , Zawadzki Marcin , Szpot Paweł 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Widespread access to the Internet has an increasing influence on how suicides are committed. On websites such as eBay® or Amazon.com®, highly toxic substances including cyanides are available for purchase. In the last 5 years, a few fatal intoxications associated with Internet shopping and buying “suicide kits” have been reported. The epidemiology of intoxications reported by the American Association of Poison Control Centers between 2000 and 2018 shows that about 10% of all exposures to cyanide were related to suicide attempts and intentional ingestion of this substance. In order to determine the cyanide concentration in four fatal intoxication cases associated with Internet shopping, a headspace gas chromatography with dual-column/dual-flame ionization detection method was validated and applied to casework. The method was linear in range, from 1 to 50 mg/L, with a coefficient of determination of 0.999 (R2). The limit of quantification was 1.0 mg/L; the detection limit was 0.5 mg/L. Intra- and interday validation precision and accuracy did not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively. Recovery and matrix effect values ranged from 94.8% to 103.8% and from −5.2% to 3.8%, respectively. The cyanide concentrations were determined in biological fluids (blood, urine, bile, vitreous humor and gastric content) and postmortem tissue samples (spleen, kidney, liver and brain). The headspace gas chromatographic method, which is routinely used in clinical and forensic toxicology to quantify ethanol with its congeners (methanol, acetone, isopropanol, n-propanol and n-butanol), can also be applied to determine the cyanide concentrations in intoxication cases. The global problem of a high number of suicides each year requires increasing and more restrictive control of highly toxic substances available online as well as careful monitoring of human exposure to cyanide. This old and well-known poison is being increasingly used nowadays for suicidal purposes; therefore, the determination of cyanide in biological samples is still important in terms of clinical and forensic toxicology.
Outcomes of femoral de-rotation osteotomy for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement in adults with decreased femoral anteversion
Authors: Mastel M S , El-Bakoury A , Parkar A , Sharma R , Johnston K D 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDecreased femoral anteversion is an often overlooked factor in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), with potential to exacerbate both cam and pincer type impingement, or itself be the primary cause. Femoral de-rotation osteotomy (FDO) is a surgical option for symptomatic patients with such underlying bony deformity. This study aimed to investigate outcomes of FDO for management of symptomatic FAI in the presence of decreased (&lt;5°) femoral anteversion. Secondary aims were to describe the surgical technique and assess complications. This study included 33 cases (29 patients) with average pre-operative anteversion measuring –3.1° (true retroversion). At an average follow-up of 1.5 years (19.8 months), 97% reported significant improvement. The overall average post-operative International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) score of 70.6 points (r: 23–98) compared to the average pre-operative score of 42.8 points (r: 0–56) for the 11 patients with available pre-operative scores suggests an overall improvement. The minimal clinically important difference for the iHOT-33 is 6.1 points. Patients with both pre- and post-operative iHOT-33 scores available demonstrated a statistically and clinically significant improvement of 37.7 (r: 13–70) points. There were three cases (9%) of delayed union and two cases (6%) of non-union early in the series which prompted evolution of the technique. Locking screw removal was performed in 33% of patients for a resultant overall re-operation rate of 45%. The findings suggest improvement in patient-reported outcomes can be achieved with FDO for symptomatic FAI in the setting of decreased femoral anteversion (&lt;5°).
A case at crossroads—urological presentation, cardiac complication and haematological diagnosis: should imaging be pursued prior to orchidectomy at all costs?
Authors: Yasen Zaid , Kazzazi Fawz , Ioannides Kyriacos , Velmurugan Shanti , Zegocki Kris , Li Chi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This case report explores the interesting case of a 71-year-old gentleman who presented with a testicular lump following trauma. Ultrasound imaging of the testicle demonstrated malignancy and subsequently orchidectomy was listed. Due to a scheduling difficulty, this was prioritized ahead of his whole-body computed tomography scan. Intraoperatively, he developed electrocardiogram changes suggestive of a non-ST elevated myocardial infarction. Post-operative imaging demonstrated a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma encroaching the heart and greater vessels. This case report highlights the importance of preoperative imaging, even where it may prove challenging. We assess the adequacy of current guidelines within the UK on imaging for new testicular malignancies.
Strategic coalitions in stochastic games
Authors: Naumov Pavel , Ros Kevin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article compares two different approaches of incorporating probability into coalition logics. One is based on the semantics of games with stochastic transitions and the other on games with the stochastic failures. The work gives an example of a non-trivial property of coalition power for the first approach and a complete axiomatization for the second approach. It turns out that the logical properties of the coalition power modality under the second approach depend on whether the modal language allows the empty coalition. The main technical results for the games with stochastic failures are a strong completeness theorem for the logical system without the empty coalition and an incompleteness theorem which shows that there is no strongly complete logical system in the language with the empty coalition.
Incidence of Infections and Predictors of Mortality During Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bavaro Davide Fiore , Pizzutilo Pamela , Catino Annamaria , Signorile Fabio , Pesola Francesco , Di Gennaro Francesco , Cassiano Sandro , Marech Ilaria , Lamorgese Vito , Angarano Gioacchino , Monno Laura , Saracino Annalisa , Galetta Domenico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment and significantly increased overall survival of patients. However, the incidence of concurrent infections and their management is still debated.MethodsFrom August 2015 to October 2019, all consecutive patients with NSCLC who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab as first- or second-line therapy were retrospectively evaluated. At the time of analysis all patients had died. Clinical characteristics of patients, type of infections, and predictors of mortality were analyzed.ResultsA total of 118 patients were identified: 74 in the nivolumab group and 44 in the pembrolizumab group. At least 1 infection was recorded in 22% of the nivolumab-group versus 27% of the pembrolizumab-group (P = .178). In both groups, the main infection was pneumonia, followed by skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and gastroenteritis. Crude mortality for first infection was 10.7%, followed by 25% and 40% for the second and third recurrence, respectively (p for trend = .146). No opportunistic infections were recorded. It is notable that, by Cox-regression model, the independent predictor of mortality was a higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status at baseline (P &lt; .001), whereas the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of concurrent infections was associated with a reduced probability of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.50; 95% confidence interval = 0.30–0.83; P &lt; .001).ConclusionsIn patients with NSCLC treated with ICIs, multidisciplinary management of concurrent infections may reduce the risk of mortality. Further studies to investigate risk factors for infections, as well as appropriate management strategies and preventive measures in this setting, are warranted.
Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study
Authors: Zhang Jinbao , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.
Media Use Among Kindergarteners From Low-Income Households During the COVID-19 Shutdown
Authors: Dore Rebecca A. , Purtell Kelly M. , Justice Laura M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study examines the media use of children from low-income homes during school closings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Caregivers of 151 kindergarteners from low-income homes completed questionnaires as part of a larger study. Caregivers reported how much time children spent watching television/videos and using apps on the most recent weekday and weekend days. Caregivers also reported how their child's current use of media for several different purposes compared with how much the child usually uses media for that purpose.

Results:
Weekly average media use was 46.3 hours or 6.6 hours per day. Counter to previous research, weekday media use was higher than weekend media use, suggesting that media was likely used as a replacement for time usually spent in school. Caregivers reported increased child media use for positive purposes, such as education and maintaining relationships with family and friends outside of the home, and potentially useful but less socially valued purposes, such as occupying the child's time while caregivers were completing other tasks. Having more children in the household was related to higher media use, and girls used media for maintaining remote relationships more than boys.

Conclusion:
These findings provide reason for both concern and optimism for the impacts of pandemic closures on low-income children. High levels of media use seem to be prevalent in this population. However, the diverse purposes for media use suggest that caregivers relied on media to supplement children's academic and social growth at a time when school and socializing were not safe in their typical forms.
Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitor on Ischemic Events Stemming From Atherosclerotic Coronary Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ye Gailin , Wang Shuai , Peng Daoquan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce cardiovascular complications of type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibition are mainly associated with decline in hospitalization and death of heart failure. This systematic review will focus on the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on ischemic events stemming from atherosclerotic coronary diseases, including angina pectoris, angina unstable, and myocardial infarction. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant publications before October 2020. Twenty-two clinical trials consisting of 56,064 participants were included in the analysis. Cardiovascular effects following treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors were observed for angina pectoris, angina unstable, and myocardial infarction. A random-effects model was chosen, and after analysis of the P values and I2 statistic indices, we concluded that SGLT2 inhibitor treatment did not result in any significant differences in the incidence rate of angina pectoris [relative risk (RR), 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–1.14; P = 0.92], angina unstable (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84–1.07; P = 0.84), or myocardial infarction (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.79–1.11; P = 0.98) between the experimental and control groups with firm evidence from sensitivity and trial sequential analyses. This meta-analysis provides evidence that SGLT2 inhibitors have no significant effects on ischemic events stemming from atherosclerotic coronary diseases in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Clozapine-Associated Leukopenia and Agranulocytosis in Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Geldenhuys Christoff , Zunza Moleen , Tiffin Nicki , Koen Liezl , Decloedt Eric H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Clozapine may cause life-threatening hematological side effects (HSEs). Hematological side effect incidence data from Sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. Furthermore, clozapine reduces cellular immunity, and it is unknown whether clozapine is a risk factor for tuberculosis or whether HIV is a risk factor for developing HSEs. We assessed the incidence of HSEs in South Africans from the Western Cape Province on clozapine, and the secondary objective was to determine the association of HIV and tuberculosis with clozapine exposure.

Methods
We conducted a 24-week retrospective descriptive study of patients initiated on clozapine between January 2015 and December 2017 using anonymized data from the Provincial Health Data Centre. A control group of patients initiated on risperidone was selected.

Results
We identified 23,328 patients and included 5213 who had white blood cell monitoring (n = 1047 clozapine, n = 4166 risperidone). The incidence of leukopenia in patients on clozapine was 0.38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01%–0.76%) measured over a 24-week period and was 0.41% in patients on risperidone (95% CI, 0.21%–0.6%) (P = 0.91). The incidence of agranulocytosis in patients on clozapine was 0.19% (95% CI, 0.00%–0.46%) measured over a 24-week period and was 0.24% in patients on risperidone (95% CI, 0.09%–0.39%) (P = 0.266). HIV-infected patients had a 7.46 times increased risk of developing leukopenia (95% CI, 3.37–16.48; P < 0.01). Patients who developed leukopenia had a 6.24 times increased risk of contracting tuberculosis (95% CI, 1.84–21.11; P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Our incidence of clozapine-induced HSEs was lower than previously reported and not significantly different compared with risperidone. HIV infection was associated with HSEs. Patients with HSEs had an increased risk of developing tuberculosis.
Shenfu injection alleviates the clinical symptoms of heart failure patients combined with conventional treatment
Authors: Luo Ziqing , Jiang Min , Liu Su , Duan Yunbiao , Huang Jianhui , Zeng Huizhen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Shenfu Injection (SFI) is a promising alternative treatment for heart failure (HF) in China. Many complete clinical trials have examined the efficacy of SFI combined use with conventional treatment (CT) vs CT alone. This study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the benefits and risks of using SFI in addition to CT for the treatment of HF.

Method:
All the trials will be searched through 4 English databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science) and 4 Chinese databases (the China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wan-fang Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure.) from October 2005 to June 2019. Conference articles or articles with incomplete data will be removed. The primary outcome was the New York Heart Association, 6-minute walk test, hospitalization or rehospitalization. Left ventricular ejection fraction percentage, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, Cardiac index, heart rate, N-terminal pronatriuretic peptide and other indicators were also assessed. RevMan V.5.3 Software and Stata 13.0 Statistics Software were used to calculate the data synthesis and conduct meta-analysis according to the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols 2015.

Results:
Mortality, New York Heart Association function classification, heart rate, 6-minute walk test, hospitalization or rehospitalization, Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, DBP, Cardiac minute volume, left ventricular ejection fractions percentage, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (mm), N-terminal pronatriuretic peptide, etc. and adverse effects will be comprehensively assessed to evaluate the adjunctive effect of SFI through different aspects. We will perform a meta-analysis of each outcome with subgroup analysis based on the type of HF, treatment methods, and course of disease. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted with clinical factors, treatment methods, methodological characteristics, and statistical heterogeneity (if applicable).

Conclusion:
This study will assess the adjunctive effect of SFI and its safety on HF with clinical evidence.

PROSPERO registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020151856
Efficacy and safety of Shenfuqiangxin pills in complementary treatment of chronic heart failure
Authors: Ren Lili , Guan Hui , Dai Guohua , Gao Wulin , Su Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
As the last link in the chain of cardiovascular events, chronic heart failure (CHF) has high morbidity, high mortality, and poor prognosis. It is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Shenfuqiangxin Pills (SFQX) is widely used as a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) prescription for CHF, but there is still a lack of strict evidence-based medical evidence. Therefore, we make a protocol for evaluating the efficacy and safety of SFQX for CHF.

Methods:
According to the search strategy, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SFQX for CHF will be retrieved from 8 databases without limitation of publication date or language. First of all, the literature was screened according to the eligibility criteria, and use the Cochrane Collaboration's tool to assess the quality of the included literature. Then, using software for traditional meta-analysis. Finally, using GRADE method to assess the strength of recommendations.

Results:
This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of SFQX for CHF, thereby providing more evidence support for clinical decision-making in CHF.

Conclusion:
Our research will provide more references for the clinical medication of patients with CHF.

Protocol registration number:
INPLASY202110019
Epidemiological characteristics of 561 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in Chengdu, China
Authors: Yu Kai , Zhu Shu , He Mingjie , Li Zongxi , Zhang Lie , Sui Zhao , Li Yunming , Xia Xun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To explore the epidemiology of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in Chengdu, China, we retrieved the data of patients with spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from January 2017 to December 2019. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the location of hemorrhage, demographics, factors of hemorrhage, condition of body, severity of disturbance of consciousness, treatment, length of stay (days), inpatient costs, prognosis, and mortality rate in patients with sICH. In total, data of 561 in patients with sICH were included. The hemorrhage site was primarily located in the basal ganglia and thalamus (64.71%). The mean patient age was 63.2 ± 12.4 years (64.17% men, 35.83% women). Male patients (mean age 62.3 ± 12.5 year) were younger than female patients (mean age 64.9 ± 12.1 year). The age of sICH onset in our sample was between 40 and 79 years; this occurred in 87.70% of the included cases. There were more males than females, which may be related to more daily smoking, longer drinking years, and overweight in males than in females. Cases occurred most frequently during the winter and spring months, and the relationship between sICH visits and hospitalizations appeared as a U-shape. The median time from illness onset to hospital admission was 3.0 hours. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, 20.50% of sICH cases were of mild intensity, 39.93% were moderate, and 39.57% were severe. Moderate disorder is the most common sICH severity. Factors influencing the disturbance of consciousness were blood glucose level at the time of admission as well as the number of years with hypertension. The lower the degree of disturbance of consciousness and the more they smoked per day indicated they had a higher likelihood of receiving surgical treatment while in hospital. The median hospital stay was 13.0 days, while the median inpatient cost was USD 3609. The 30-day mortality rate was 18.36%. sICH is an important public health problem in Chengdu, China. A governmental initiative is urgently needed to establish a sICH monitoring system that covers the Chengdu region to develop more effective and targeted measures for sICH prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Performance evaluation of CA242 by flow fluorescence assay
Authors: Hou Yanyan , Chen Yongquan , Sun Jieli , Geng Jinting , Jin Hongwei , Zhang Zhongying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarbohydrate antigen 24–2 (CA24–2) is usually used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. Currentlly, a new quantitative assay kit for CA242 by flow fluorometry assay (FFA) was developed by Shanghai Tellgen Cooperation Co. Ltd. China. Therefore, we conducted the performance evaluation for it.According to the “Guiding principles on performance analysis of diagnostic reagents in vitro” and “American association of clinical laboratory standardization guidelines EP15-A2”, the accuracy, precision, linear range, reportable range, biological reference interval verification, carry-over contamination rate, anti-interference capability and cross reaction of the assay kit used in TESMI F3999-Luminex200 automatic immunoassay system were evaluated. In addition, the assay kit was performed in parallel to CanAg kit (CanAg Diagnostics Products Beijing Co., Ltd.) to analyze the correlation between the 2 kits.The bias of accuracy of the new assay kit was less than 12.5% and the coefficient of variations (CVs) of precision were all less than 10.0%. The linear range of CA242 concentration of the testing kit was between 3.46 U/ml and 434.76 U/ml and the reportable range was 6.00 to 535.13 U/ml. The CA242 reference interval 0.00 to 20.00 U/ml was suitable for use in laboratory. The carry-over contamination rate was −0.14%. Correlation analysis showed a satisfactory relevance and consistency (r = 0.982,P < .001) between the new assay kit and CanAg kit, with a regression equationY = 1.0012X to 0.878 (R2 = 0.9647,P < .001). No statistically significant difference between serum samples without interferences and samples containing lipemia, bilirubin and hemoglobin. And no cross reaction existed between the assay kit and the other tumor markers, such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and cytokeratin-19 soluble fragment (CYFRA21-1).The new CA242 quantitative assay kit possesses good detection performance when it is used in TESMI F3999-Luminex200 automatic immunoassay system, which can be used for the examination of CA242 in clinical practice.