bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival, seedlings growth and natural regeneration in areas under ecological restoration in a sandy coastal plain (restinga) of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Loureiro Nathalie , de Souza Tatiane Pereira , do Nascimento Daniel Ferreira , Nascimento Marcelo Trindade 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRestinga is an ecosystem associated mainly with the Atlantic Forest that can be defined as vegetation of the coastal plain established on sandy soil. This study was carried out in degraded areas of restinga in a Conservation Unit in São João da Barra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In 2012, a restoration project was initiated in the area, with implementation of plantings in hexagonal rings and artificial perches. Seedlings were planted in two contrasting situations: sandbanks (dry areas) and depression zones (areas prone to seasonal flooding). The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of seedlings planted in both areas and accompany natural regeneration. We hypothesised that species planted and recruited in depressions should have better survival rates and increments in height (H) and diameter at the ground level (DGL) than the ones planted in sandbanks. Monitoring of planted seedlings was carried out in November 2016. Both communities had similar mortality (c. 50%). Greater increments in H were found for Inga laurina and Schinus terebinthifolia in depressions. Higher increments in DGL were observed especially for I. laurina, Inga vera and S. terebinthifolia with good performance in both areas. In general, seedlings planted in depressions showed greater performances, which can be related to higher water and nutrient availability. The most abundant natural regenerant species were Scoparia dulcis in sandbanks and S. terebinthifolia in depressions. A high number of regenerants was found associated with artificial perches, especially Cynophalla flexuosa, which demonstrates that the technique facilitated regeneration in the area.
Comparative study of Vertucci and Ahmed classifications to evaluate the main root canal configuration of mandibular incisors in a Brazilian population
Authors: Villa Natália , Weissheimer Theodoro , Vier‐Pelisser Fabiana Vieira , Alcalde Murilo Priori , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , da Rosa Ricardo Abreu , Só Marcus Vinicius Reis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the main root canal configurations of mandibular incisors (MI) in a Brazilian population using Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classifications. One hundred and sixty‐five human permanent MI were scanned using a micro‐CT. Two examiners classified the samples according to Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classification. Kappa coefficient was employed. The majority of MI had a single root canal (52.1%). Type III Vertucci and 1MI1‐2‐1 Ahmed et al. was the most common 2‐canal MI (20%). In the apical third, the presence of one, two and three canals was found in 81.8%, 15.2% and 3% respectively. In the cervical and middle thirds, one, two and three canals were found in 86%, 12.2% and 1.8% respectively. Ahmed et al. classification was able to classify the entire sample studied, whereas 11 teeth (6.66%) did not fit Vertucci’s classification.
Understanding women’s choices for management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2): Qualitative analysis of a randomised experimental study
Authors: Keers Gemma , Yamada Kozue , Pickles Kristen , Bell Katy , Black Kirsten , Bateson Deborah , Dodd Rachael H. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundActive surveillance for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) would allow time for most cases to regress naturally and in turn avoid potentially unnecessary and harmful treatment.AimTo determine reasons for choosing active surveillance over surgery among women given a hypothetical diagnosis of CIN2.Materials and MethodsWomen residing in Australia aged 25–40 years with no prior diagnosis of cervical cancer, cervical abnormality CIN2 or above, and/or previous hysterectomy, were randomised to one of four identical hypothetical scenarios of testing human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive: high‐grade cytology and a diagnosis of CIN2 that used alternate terminology to describe resolution of abnormal cells and/or inclusion of an overtreatment statement. Participants selected active surveillance or surgery after viewing the scenario and free‐text reason/s for their choice were thematically analysed.ResultsOf the 1638 women randomised, 79% (n = 1293) opted for active surveillance. The most common reasons for choosing active surveillance included concerns about surgery and associated risks, preferring to ‘wait and see’, trusting the doctor’s recommendations and having an emotional response toward surgery. For women who chose surgery, being risk‐averse, addressing the issue straight away and perceiving surgery to be the better option for them were the most common themes identified.ConclusionWhen presented with balanced information on the benefits and harms of different management options for CIN2 and given a choice, most women in this hypothetical situation chose active surveillance over surgery. Addressing women’s concerns about active surveillance may open up the possibility that if deemed safe, it could be an acceptable alternative for women.
Can Democratic Principles Protect High Courts from Partisan Backlash? Public Reactions to the Kenyan Supreme Court's Role in the 2017 Election Crisis
Authors: Bartels Brandon L. , Horowitz Jeremy , Kramon Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPublic support is central to the emergence of judicial power. Conventional wisdom holds that citizen commitment to democracy and the rule of law sustains this support. An implication is that such commitments should protect courts from partisan backlash following contentious rulings. But this remains largely untested. The Kenyan Supreme Court's historic 2017 elections rulings provide an unusual opportunity to test this expectation. After annulling the incumbent president's victory, the Court upheld his controversial repeat‐election win. With data from a national panel survey—conducted before and after the repeat election—we find important partisan‐based withdrawals/increases in judicial‐power support. There is no evidence that democratic principles attenuated partisan backlash; some were associated with its amplification. However, partisan losers maintain moderately high support despite backlash. Results advance debates about public support for judicial power and provide new evidence about public reactions to assertions of judicial authority in new democracies and electoral autocratic regimes.
Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vlieg‐ Boerstra Berber , de Jong Nicolette , Meyer Rosan , Agostoni Carlo , De Cosmi Valentina , Grimshaw Kate , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Muraro Antonella , Oude Elberink Hanneke , Pali‐ Schöll Isabella , Roduit Caroline , Sasaki Mari , Skypala Isabel , Sokolowska Milena , van Splunter Marloes , Untersmayr Eva , Venter Carina , O’Mahony Liam , Nwaru Bright I 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt remains uncertain as to whether nutrient supplementation for the general population considered healthy could be useful in the prevention of RTIs, such as COVID‐19. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, the evidence was evaluated for primary prevention of any viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) such as SARS‐CoV‐2, through supplementation of nutrients with a recognized role in immune function: multiple micronutrients, vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin B12, C, D, E, beta‐carotene, zinc, iron and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The search produced 15,163 records of which 93 papers (based on 115 studies) met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 199,055 subjects (191,636 children and 7,419 adults) from 37 countries. Sixty‐three studies were included in the meta‐analyses, which was performed for children and adults separately. By stratifying the meta‐analysis by world regions, only studies performed in Asia showed a significant but heterogeneous protective effect of zinc supplementation on RTIs (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.7–0.96, I2 = 79.1%, p = .000). Vitamin D supplementation in adults significantly decreased the incidence of RTI (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79–0.99, p = .272), particularly in North America (RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68–0.97), but not in Europe or Oceania. Supplementation of nutrients in the general population has either no or at most a very limited effect on prevention of RTIs. Zinc supplementation appears protective for children in Asia, whilst vitamin D may protect adults in the USA and Canada. In 10/115 (8.7%) studies post‐hoc analyses based on stratification for nutritional status was performed. In only one study zinc supplementation was found to be more effective in children with low zinc serum as compared to children with normal zinc serum levels.
Recurrence of postpartum hemorrhage in relatives: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Linde Lorentz Erland , Ebbing Cathrine , Moster Dag , Kessler Jørg , Baghestan Elham , Gissler Mika , Rasmussen Svein 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies on the family aggregation of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) are scarce and with inconsistent results, and to what extent current birthweight influences recurrence between relatives remains to be studied. Further, family aggregation of PPH has been studied from an individual, but not from a public heath perspective. We aimed to investigate family aggregation of PPH in Norway, how birthweight influences these effects, and to estimate the proportion of PPH cases attributable to a family history of PPH and current birthweight.Material and methodsUsing data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Statistics Norway, and Central Population Registry of Norway we identified individuals as newborns, parents, grandparents, and full and half‐siblings, and studied 1 002 687 mother–offspring, 841 164 father–offspring, and 761 011 both‐parents–offspring pairs. We used multilevel logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI.ResultsIf the birth of the mother but not of the father involved PPH, then the OR of PPH (>500 mL) in the next generation was 1.44 (95% CI 1.39–1.49). If the birth of the father but not of the mother involved PPH, then OR was 1.12 (95% CI 1.08–1.16). These effects were stronger in severe PPH. Recurrence between siblings was highest between full sisters (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.41–1.52), followed by maternal half‐sisters, paternal half‐sisters, and partners of full brothers. A family history of PPH or birthweight of 4000 g or more accounted for ≤5% and 15% of the total number of PPH cases, respectively.ConclusionsA history of PPH in relatives influenced the recurrence risk of PPH in a dose–response pattern consistent with the anticipated proportion of shared genes. The recurrence was highest through the maternal line.
Worldwide post‐marketing safety surveillance experience with tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Rubin David T. , Modesto Irene , Vermeire Séverine , Danese Silvio , Ng Siew C. , Kwok Kenneth K. , Koram Nana , Jones Thomas V. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Post‐marketing surveillance (PMS) is an important part of monitoring adverse events (AEs).AimsTo report an analysis of PMS case safety reports for tofacitinib in patients with UCMethodsWorldwide tofacitinib PMS reports received in the Pfizer safety database from 30 May 2018 (first regulatory approval) to 25 August 2020 were analysed. The type and estimated reporting rate (RR) of serious AEs of interest, including infection, gastrointestinal, vascular, respiratory, neoplasm and cardiac events, were reviewed. Patient‐years of exposure (PY) was estimated based on worldwide sales data and the calculated daily regimens of tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily, immediate‐ or extended‐release formulations.ResultsDuring the 27‐month reporting period, worldwide post‐marketing exposure to tofacitinib was 8916 PY. Overall, 4226 case reports were received and included 12 103 AEs, of which 1839 were serious AEs (SAEs). Among the cases reported, 1141 (27.0%) included an SAE and 18 (0.4%) were fatal. The RR (per 100 PY) for SAEs of interest by Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities System Organ Class were 3.28 for infections, 1.26 for vascular disorders, 0.74 for respiratory disorders, 0.55 for neoplasms and 0.50 for cardiac disorders.ConclusionsThe types of AEs were consistent with those reported in tofacitinib clinical trials. Most reported AEs were non‐serious. Limitations of PMS reports and reliance on estimated RRs due to lack of precise values for exposure, required for incidence rate calculation, should be considered when interpreting these results.
Prevalence, symptoms and risk factor profile of rumination syndrome and functional dyspepsia: a population‐based study
Authors: Zand Irani Mudar , Jones Michael P. , Halland Magnus , Herrick Linda , Choung Rok Seon , Saito Loftus Yuri A. , Walker Marjorie M. , Murray Joseph A. , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundRumination syndrome is a functional gastroduodenal disorder characterised by effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food. Emerging evidence reports duodenal eosinophilic inflammation in a subset, suggesting a shared pathophysiology with functional dyspepsia (FD).AimTo assess the clinical features of rumination syndrome and FD in a community‐based study.MethodsWe mailed a survey assessing gastrointestinal symptoms, diet and psychological symptoms to 9835 residents of Olmsted County, MN, USA in 2017‐2018; diagnostic codes were obtained from linked clinical records. The two disorders were assessed as mutually exclusive in ‘pure’ forms with a separate overlap group, all compared to a control group not meeting criteria for either. Prevalence of associations, and univariate and independent associations with predictors were assessed by logistic regression.ResultsPrevalence of rumination syndrome and FD were 5.8% and 7.1%, respectively; the overlap was 3.83‐times more likely than expected by chance. Independent predictors for rumination (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)) were female gender (1.79, 1.21‐2.63), smoking (1.89, 1.28‐2.78), gluten‐free diet (1.58, 1.14‐2.19), allergic rhinitis (1.45, 1.01‐2.08) and depression (1.10, 1.05‐1.16). FD was independently associated with female gender, depression, non‐coeliac wheat sensitivity, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and somatic symptoms. A similar reported efficacy (≥54%) of low fat or dairy‐free diets was found with both disorders (P = 0.53 andP = 1.00, respectively). The strongest independent associations with overlapping FD and rumination syndrome were a history of rheumatoid arthritis (3.93, 1.28‐12.06) and asthma (3.02, 1.44‐6.34).ConclusionRumination syndrome overlaps with FD with a shared risk factor profile, suggesting a common pathophysiology.
Effect of lactic acid bacteria, molasses, and their combination on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of cassava foliage silage
Authors: Li Mao , Zi Xuejuan , Zhou Hanlin , Lv Renlong , Tang Jun , Cai Yimin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of LAB inoculants (L) and molasses (M) on the microbial community and fermentation quality of cassava foliage (CF). The small segments (about 2–3 cm) CF were ensiled in plastic bags and incubated at normal temperature (25°C). Four treatments were carried out as follows: control (no additives, CK), LAB inoculants (Lactobacillus plantarum, L), molasses (M), and LAB in combination with molasses (LM). The LAB and molasses obviously altered the bacterial community structure of the CF silage and enhanced the fermentation quality. The combination addition could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus and reduce the Pseudomonas. The LAB and molasses also significantly elevated the lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) and decreased the pH (P < 0.001), as well as the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia‐N (P < 0.05). In addition, the combination treatment displayed more effective results on silage fermentation. The LAB and molasses improved the fermentation quality of the CF silage by altering the bacterial community structure. Furthermore, the bacterial community was significantly correlated with fermentation indexes.
Real‐world data on survival improvement in patients with multiple myeloma treated at a single institution over a 45‐year period
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lobato Luis Gerardo , Pereira Arturo , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Cibeira Maria Teresa , Tovar Natalia , Jiménez‐Segura Raquel , Moreno David F. , Oliver‐Caldés Aina , Rosiñol Laura , Bladé Joan 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe prognostic landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved significantly over the last few decades. There are, however, few data measuring such improvement in real‐world patients. This study aimed to investigate trends in survival improvement over 45 years, and the associated clinical factors, in an unselected population of patients with MM. Between 1970 and 2015, 1 161 MM patients were included. Patients were classified into three calendar periods (1970–1984, 1985–1999, and 2000–2015), according to the treatment received; polychemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, and novel drugs respectively. We analysed relative survival (RS) to accurately evaluate MM‐related death rates after excluding the mortality expected in the general population. RS at five years increased from 27% in 1970–1984 to 38% and 56% in the next two calendar periods respectively. The improvement to survival was greater in the younger population, but it was also observed in elderly patients and those with poor performance status and more advanced disease. Although myeloma is still a non‐curable disease, encouraging results have been observed in the last decades. Progress is expected to continue with the use of new generations of anti‐myeloma drugs, and will, hopefully, be documented in real‐world patients by the appropriate population‐based studies.
Programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand 1 blockade mediates antiangiogenic effects by tumor‐derived CXCL10/11 as a potential predictive biomarker
Authors: Mitsuhashi Atsushi , Kondoh Kensuke , Horikawa Kazuki , Koyama Kazuya , Nguyen Na Thi , Afroj Tania , Yoneda Hiroto , Otsuka Kenji , Ogino Hirokazu , Nokihara Hiroshi , Shinohara Tsutomu , Nishioka Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade has been approved for various cancers. However, the underlying antitumor mechanisms mediated by ICIs and the predictive biomarkers remain unclear. We report the effects of anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 Ab in tumor angiogenesis. In syngeneic mouse models, anti‐PD‐L1 Ab inhibited tumor angiogenesis and induces net‐like hypoxia only in ICI‐sensitive cell lines. In tumor tissue and serum of ICI‐sensitive cell line‐bearing mice, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) inducible angiostatic chemokines CXCL10/11 were upregulated by PD‐L1 blockade. In vitro, CXCL10/11 gene upregulation by IFN‐γ stimulation in tumor cell lines correlated with the sensitivity of PD‐L1 blockade. The CXCL10/11 receptor CXCR3‐neutralizing Ab or CXCL11 silencing in tumor cells inhibited the antiangiogenic effect of PD‐L1 blockade in vivo. In pretreatment serum of lung carcinoma patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 Ab, the concentration of CXCL10/11 significantly correlated with the clinical outcome. Our results indicate the antiangiogenic function of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade and identify tumor‐derived CXCL10/11 as a potential circulating biomarker of therapeutic sensitivity.
The lived realities of left‐behind children in Mainland China: Life and values education in the home and at school
Authors: Ao Xia , Briffett Aktaş Carla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLeft‐behind children (LBC) are a social and educational concern in China. Researchers have identified psychological and behavioural effects on LBC. This study creates a profile of LBC in rural Sichuan and identifies life and values education (LVE) as a beneficial intervention. Interviews were conducted with six LBC, two parents and one teacher. The data indicate that LBC face challenges in the areas of parental communication, being raised in non‐parental homes, family and social networks, and regulation of emotions. LVE may help minimise the negative consequences experienced by LBC but lack of parental and educator LVE knowledge may hinder implementation.
The need for formal reflexivity in conservation science
Authors: Boyce Paul , Bhattacharyya Jonaki , Linklater Wayne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConservation issues are often complicated by sociopolitical controversies that reflect competing philosophies and values regarding natural systems, animals, and people. Effective conservation outcomes require managers to engage myriad influences (social, cultural, political, and economic, as well as ecological). The contribution of conservation scientists who generate the information on which solutions rely is constrained if they are unable to acknowledge how personal values and disciplinary paradigms influence their research and conclusions. Conservation challenges involving controversial species provide an opportunity to reflect on the paradigms and value systems that underpin the discipline and practice of conservation science. Recent analyses highlight the ongoing reliance on normative values in conservation. We frame our discussion around controversies over feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) in the Canadian West and New Zealand and suggest that a lack of transparency and reflexivity regarding normative values continues to prevent conservation practitioners from finding resilient conservation solutions. We suggest that growing scrutiny and backlash to many normative conservation objectives necessitates formal reflexivity methods in conservation biology research, similar to those required of researchers in social science disciplines. Moreover, given that much conservation research and action continues to prioritize Western normative values regarding nature and conservation, we suggest that adopting reflexive methods more broadly is an important step toward more socially just research and practice. Formalizing such methods and requiring reflexivity in research will not only encourage reflection on how personal and disciplinary value systems influence conservation work but could more effectively engage people with diverse perspectives and values in conservation and encourage more novel and resilient conservation outcomes, particularly when dealing with controversial species.
Non‐neoplastic respiratory fluid cytology including cell differential counts for interstitial lung disease
Authors: Rice Alexandra J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBronchioloalveolar lavage (BAL) is a non‐invasive and well‐tolerated procedure that plays a key role in the diagnosis of a variety of non‐neoplastic pulmonary diseases, including acute respiratory failure, infection, diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DLPD), paediatric and occupational lung disease, and in the evaluation of the lung allograft. A variety of analytic techniques are commonly performed on BAL fluid, including cytology, cell differential count, microbiology and virology, as well as a number of additional techniques in specific circumstances.