bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of multiple preventive therapies postdischarge and long-term health outcomes after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Chih-Wei , Lin Yi-Cheng , Shih Chun-Ming , Chen Wan-Ting , Lin Feng-Yen , Bi Wei-Fung , Kao Yung-Ta , Chiang Kuang-Hsing , Chan Chao-Shun , Hsu Chien-Yi , Yang Tsung-Lin , Hsiao Cheng-Yi , Hsiao Bu-Yuan , Chien Li-Nien , Huang Chun-Yao 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Statins, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers have been advocated by guidelines as secondary prevention medications to improve the long-term outcomes of post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. However, adequate drug adherence has always been challenging, and different treatment regimens may lead to divergent outcomes that remain unclear under current myocardial infarction (MI) care standards. This study investigated the association between use of different preventive regimens post-AMI and patients’ long-term outcomes.

Methods:
This cohort study used data files from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 77 520 people who were hospitalized with AMI between 2002 and 2015 were assessed. On the basis of medication possession ratio (MPR) to individual medications, eight treatment groups were examined in this study. Receiving therapy was defined as MPR ≥40%. We investigated the association between different treatment groups and all-cause mortality in 24 months.

Results:
Overall, 51 322 patients with ST-elevation MI and 26 198 with non-ST-elevation MI were included in the study. Patients received all three preventive medications show the lowest mortality in 24 months follow-up periods among all treatment groups. Patients who did not usage of any of these three preventive medications had the highest mortality in 24 months (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.64-1.93). This mortality rate had the same pattern across the three cohort generations (2002-2005, 2006-2010, and 2011-2015).

Conclusion:
In this large population-based real-world study, usage of three preventive therapies post-MI was associated with the lowest rate of all-cause mortality.
Exploring How Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners Practise Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Poldon Suzanne , Duhn Lenora , Camargo Plazas Pilar , Purkey Eva , Tranmer Joan 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Sexual violence is a term describing sexual acts where consent is not freely given. Registered nurses employed as sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) provide care to address the medical and legal needs of victims/survivors of sexual violence. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an approach recommended when caring for individuals who have experienced trauma.

Purpose
The study purpose was to understand how SANEs incorporate trauma-informed approaches in the care of adult and postpubescent adolescent victims/survivors of sexual violence.

Methods
Eight SANEs were purposively recruited to participate in online semistructured interviews. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative interpretive description.

Results
Six themes emerged from the analysis: (a) the importance of understanding the patient's experience; (b) personalized connection: developing a safe nurse–patient relationship; (c) choice: the framework of how we do things; (d) rebuilding strengths and skills to support healing and posttraumatic growth; (e) a wonderful way to practise: facilitators and benefits of trauma-informed practice; and (f) challenges to trauma-informed practice.

Conclusions
These findings indicate the perceived value of TIC and the need for enhanced support of providers who deliver TIC. More research is warranted to strengthen the evidence about trauma-informed practice in SANE programs and across healthcare settings.
Bronchoscopy in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Serra Mitjà Pere , Centeno Carmen , Garcia-Olivé Ignasi , Antuori Adrià , Casadellà Maria , Tazi Rachid , Armestar Fernando , Fernández Ester , Andreo Felipe , Rosell Antoni 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Bronchoscopy is a widely use technique in critically ill patients. Nosocomial coinfections are a cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units.

Objectives:
Our aim was to describe bronchoscopy findings and analyze microbiological profile and probably coinfection through bronchial aspirate (BA) samples in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia requiring intensive care unit admission.

Methods:
Retrospective observational study analyzing the BA samples collected from intubated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in a referral Hospital (Spain).

Results:
One hundred fifty-five consecutive BA samples were collected from 75 patients. Ninety (58%) were positive cultures for different microorganisms, 11 (7.1%) were polymicrobial, and 37 (23.7%) contained resistant microorganisms. There was a statistically significant association between increased days of orotracheal intubation and positive BA (18.9 vs. 10.9 d, P<0.01), polymicrobial infection (22.11 vs. 13.54, P<0.01) and isolation of resistant microorganisms (18.88 vs. 10.94, P<0.01). In 88% of the cases a new antibiotic or change in antibiotic treatment was made.

Conclusion:
Bronchoscopy in critically ill patient was safe and could be useful to manage these patients and conduct the microbiological study, that seems to be higher and different than in nonepidemic periods. The longer the intubation period, the greater the probability of coinfection, isolation of resistant microorganisms and polymicrobial infection.
Management of the patient with the open abdomen
Authors: Einav Sharon , Zimmerman Frederic S. , Tankel James , Leone Marc 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to outline the management of the patient with the open abdomen.

Recent findings
An open abdomen approach is used after damage control laparotomy, to decrease risk for postsurgery intra-abdominal hypertension, if reoperation is likely and after primary abdominal decompression.
Temporary abdominal wall closure without negative pressure is associated with higher rates of intra-abdominal infection and evisceration. Negative pressure systems improve fascial closure rates but increase fistula formation. Definitive abdominal wall closure should be considered once oedema has subsided and the patient has stabilized. Delayed abdominal closure after trauma (>24–48 h) is associated with less achievement of fascial closure and more complications. Protective lung ventilation should be employed early, particularly if respiratory compromise is evident. Conservative fluid management and less sedation may decrease delirium and increase definitive abdominal closure rates. Extubation may be performed before definitive abdominal closure in selected patients. Antibiotic therapy should be brief, targeted and guideline concordant. Survival depends on the underlying disease, the closure method and the course of hospitalization.

Summary
Changes in the treatment of patients with the open abdomen include negative temporary closure, conservative fluid management, early protective lung ventilation, decreased sedation and extubation before abdominal closure in selected patients.
Current models of apolipoprotein A-I lipidation by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1
Authors: Hafiane Anouar , Gianopoulos Ioanna , Sorci-Thomas Mary G. , Daskalopoulou Stella S. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
The primary cardioprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is to remove excess cellular free cholesterol (FC) from peripheral tissues and deliver it to the liver. Here, we summarize recent research that examines apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) lipidation models by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and discuss its relevance in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Recent findings
The first step in HDL formation involves the interaction between apoA-I and ABCA1, where ABCA1 mediates the removal of FC and phospholipids from lipid-laden macrophages to form discoidal nascent HDL (nHDL). However, there are currently no clear-cut systematic models that characterize HDL formation. A number of recent studies have investigated the importance of apoA-I C- and N-terminal domains required for optimal cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Furthermore, functional ABCA1 is required for direct or indirect binding to apoA-I where ABCA1 dimer-monomer interconversion facilitates apoA-I lipidation from plasma membrane microdomains. Microparticles are also another lipid source for apoA-I solubilization into nHDL.

Summary
ApoA-I and ABCA1 are key factors in macrophage-mediated cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Understanding of the key steps in HDL formation may unlock the therapeutic potential of HDL and improve clinical management of ASCVD.
Odyssey toward an understanding of acquired postinflammatory lentiginosis
Authors: Yan Albert C. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Acquired postinflammatory lentiginosis is a phenomenon that has been previously termed ‘induction of lentiginosis in assorted dermatoses’ or the ILIAD phenomenon.

Recent findings
Although some cases have been described as arising exclusively in those who applied topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), other patients have presented with similar findings in other nonatopic disorders (contact dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, focal dermal hypoplasia), and without antecedent use of TCIs.

Summary
Inflammatory skin disorders can produce localized areas of cutaneous lentiginosis, particularly as the inflammation retreats in response to treatment. This post-inflammatory lentiginosis or ILIAD phenomenon may be potentiated by use of topical and systemic anti-inflammatory medications, including TCIs, topical corticosteroids, methotrexate, and systemic biologic agents. Although this phenomenon has not been associated with melanocytic neoplasia, ongoing periodic monitoring for dysplastic changes is reasonable.
Prevalence, Factor Structure, and Heritability of Avoidant Personality Disorder
Authors: Reich James , Schatzberg Alan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To review the community prevalence, factor structure, and heritability of avoidant personality disorder (AVPD), we reviewed the literature of empirical studies reported between years 1980 and 2020. Community point prevalence rates ranged from 0.8% to 5%, with one study of women older than 25 years finding a lifetime rate of 9.3%. A weighted point prevalence for studies involving both men and women was 3.3%. All factor analytic studies indicated a one factor solution. The themes were social inadequacy, feeling inferior, and fears of social rejection. Family studies of heritability for AVPD ranged from 0.18 to 0.56. Twin studies ranged from 0.28 to 0.71. The weighted average for heritability was 0.55. AVPD is an important clinical issue because it is prevalent in the community and has high morbidity and high heritability. Its single factor seems to suggest evaluation and treatment should be straightforward, but despite this, it tends to be underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Discrimination and Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Among College Students in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Miconi Diana , Frounfelker Rochelle L. , Whiteley Tessa , Mekki-Berrada Abdelwahed , Rousseau Cécile 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study examines the moderating role of total, intrinsic, and extrinsic religiosity in the relation between perceived discrimination and sympathy for violent radicalization (VR) among college students in Quebec, Canada. A total of 931 students responded to an online questionnaire and were included in this study. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for the clustered nature of the data, and moderation was assessed via interaction analysis using cross-product terms in the models. Findings indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity had a protective role in the link between perceived discrimination and sympathy for VR and buffered the effects of sadness in response to discrimination on sympathy for VR, but not the effects of anger in response to discrimination. These results provide evidence of the protective role of religiosity in Canada, a social context characterized by an increase in religious discrimination, but which also supports religious diversity.
Linear Mixed Effect Models for Rehabilitation Research
Authors: Hamner J. W. , Tan Can Ozan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe growing emphasis on evidence-based methods in rehabilitation medicine calls for increase in the sophistication of study design and analytic methods across the discipline. To properly evaluate new treatment options, a physiatrist needs to be able to separate treatment effects from parallel changes that occur over time and variations that may be due to subject demographics. Simplettests may not be appropriate where observations may vary randomly across different institutions participating in a multicenter trial, or the same rehabilitation course may lead to different outcomes because of various factors. In the analysis of any rehabilitation program, these random variations must be accounted for to receive accurate results. In this short review, we focus in one of the most common approaches that are appropriate to account for these variations, namely, linear mixed effect models.
Robust HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses distinguish elite control in adolescents living with HIV from viremic nonprogressors
Authors: Vieira Vinicius A. , Millar Jane , Adland Emily , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Roider Julia , Guash Claudia Fortuny , Peluso Denise , Thomé Beatriz , Garcia-Guerrero Maria C. , Puertas Mari C. , Bamford Alasdair , Brander Christian , Carrington Mary , Martinez-Picado Javier , Frater John , Tudor-Williams Gareth , Goulder Philip 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Elite controllers are therapy-naive individuals living with HIV capable of spontaneous control of plasma viraemia for at least a year. Although viremic nonprogressors are more common in vertical HIV-infection than in adults’ infection, elite control has been rarely characterized in the pediatric population.

Design:
We analyzed the T-cell immunophenotype and the HIV-specific response by flow cytometry in four pediatric elite controllers (PECs) compared with age-matched nonprogressors (PNPs), progressors and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEUs) adolescents.

Results:
PECs T-cell populations had lower immune activation and exhaustion levels when compared with progressors, reflected by a more sustained and preserved effector function. The HIV-specific T-cell responses among PECs were characterized by high-frequency Gag-specific CD4+ T-cell activity, and markedly more polyfunctional Gag-specific CD8+ activity, compared with PNPs and progressors. These findings were consistently observed even in the absence of protective HLA-I molecules such as HLA-B∗27/57/81.

Conclusion:
Pediatric elite control is normally achieved after years of infection, and low immune activation in PNPs precedes the increasing ability of CD8+ T-cell responses to achieve immune control of viraemia over the course of childhood, whereas in adults, high immune activation in acute infection predicts subsequent CD8+ T-cell mediated immune control of viremia, and in adult elite controllers, low immune activation is therefore the consequence of the rapid CD8+ T-cell mediated immune control generated after acute infection. This distinct strategy adopted by PECs may help identify pathways that facilitate remission in posttreatment controllers, in whom protective HLA-I molecules are not the main factor.
Distinct antibody profiles in HLA-B ∗ 57 + , HLA-B ∗ 57 − HIV controllers and chronic progressors
Authors: Klingler Jéromine , Paul Nicodème , Laumond Géraldine , Schmidt Sylvie , Mayr Luzia M. , Decoville Thomas , Lambotte Olivier , Autran Brigitte , Bahram Seiamak , Moog Christiane 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
Spontaneous control of HIV replication without treatment in HIV-1 controllers (HICs) was associated with the development of an efficient T-cell response. In addition, increasing data suggest that the humoral response participates in viral clearance.

Design:
In-depth characterization of Ab response in HICs may help to define new parameters associated with this control.

Methods:
We assessed the levels of total and HIV-specific IgA and IgG subtypes induction and their functional potencies – that is, neutralization, phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), according to the individual's major histocompatibility complex class I (HLA)-B∗57 status, and compared it with nontreated chronic progressors.

Results:
We found that despite an undetectable viral load, HICs displayed HIV-specific IgG levels similar to those of chronic progressors. Interestingly, our compelling multifunctional analysis demonstrates that the functional Ab profile, by itself, allowed to discriminate HLA-B∗57

+
HICs from HLA-B∗57

−
HICs and chronic progressors.

Conclusion:
These results show that HICs display a particular HIV-specific antibody (Ab) profile that may participate in HIV control and emphasize the relevance of multifunctional Ab response analysis in future Ab-driven vaccine studies.
Retroperitoneal Recurrence of Melanotic Schwannoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: OuYang Xiangliu , Zheng Lichun , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Melanotic schwannoma is an uncommon nerve sheath neoplasm. Only 10% of melanotic schwannoma are malignant whereas metastases from melanotic schwannoma are much less common. Hereby we present FDG PET/CT findings of recurrent left retroperitoneal melanotic schwannoma with widespread metastases in a 50-year-old man.
Successful Delayed Neurolysis of the Median Nerve in a Teenager 7 years After Supracondylar Fracture
Authors: Choong Jia , Baldrighi Carla , Oestreitch Kerstin , Jester Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Supracondylar humeral fractures are the commonest elbow fractures in childhood, associated with a high rate of neurological complications. We present the case of a 14-year-old adolescent girl with persisting daily pain, lack of sensation, and strength to her left hand after a displaced supracondylar fracture 7 years earlier. At the time of the fracture, she underwent closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. During revision surgery, half of the median nerve was found embedded in bone at the level consistent with the healed fracture site. Neurolysis of the fascicles adherent to the bone was performed. Postoperatively, the patient had complete recovery of sensation, reduced pain, and a 2.5-fold improvement of grip strength. This case shows that there is a role for delayed neurolysis in children.
Sequential Treatment of Extreme Maxillary Hypoplasia: A Historical Patient Report of an Edentulous Adult Patient With Ankyloglossia
Authors: Saint-Denis Louis , Simon Etienne , Brix Muriel 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:The management of multiple dimensions in orthognathic surgery often requires careful planning. Too large discrepancies could require a sequential procedure to make alignment of the archs possible.Report of case:The authors report a case of a 30-year-old partially edentulous man with severe maxillary hypoplasia caused by an untreated ankyloglossia. The transverse deficiency was estimated at more than 15 mm and the sagittal discrepancy shows a negative overjet of 11.5 mm. These wide deficits needed a 2-step surgery and the use of computed-aided design/computed-aided manufacturing. The first step was a palatal expansion by a fan-shaped Le Fort I osteotomy. The second step treated sagittal discrepancy and re-expanded the maxilla.At the end, the sagittal dimension got normal and the maxilla have been widened to almost 7 mm.Conclusion:Custom-made surgery is very useful for uncommon cases, in particular for toothless patients. It facilitates complex operations and allows precise results.
Bilateral Petrous Apex Cephalocele Associated with a Wide Sella
Authors: Doğan Emrah , Özgür Erdoğan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPetrous apex cephalocele (PAC) is a rare type of cephalocele. It is usually asymptomatic. It can be unilateral or bilateral. Bilateral cases are less common. They are etiologically and clinically different entities from unilateral ones. A 56-year-old female patient presented to the hospital with the complaint of a severe nonspecific headache. She has been examined in ear nose throat, ophthalmology, and finally neurology clinics. Bilateral PAC was incidentally found in magnetic resonance imaging (MRi) examination. Headache was associated with PAC because no additional pathology could explain the clinical symptomatology. There is a proven relationship between empty sella and PAC. Regarding PAC less than 50 cases are known. Our paper aims to contribute to the literature by exhibiting etiologic and clinic differences between unilateral and bilateral PAC. It highlights the relationship between PAC and broad sella that is a different entity from empty sella and shows this remarkable radiological appearance. The authors presented our case accompanied by clinical and MRi findings.
Application of Various Methods to Evaluate the Postoperative Characteristics of Expanded Pedicled Deltopectoral Flap for Large Facial Scars
Authors: Wang Zhantong , Ding Jianke , Tang Yinke , Su Yingjun , Cheng Xiaoxi , Yu Zhou , Ma Xianjie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The expanded pedicled deltopectoral flap (EPDF) has been widely used to repair large facial scars. Although doctors and patients are usually satisfied with the outcomes, the actual functional recovery and cosmetic effects of EPDF are still unknown. It is, therefore, necessary to objectively investigate the effect of transferred EPDF by using a variety of methods. From January 2008 to December 2018, 52 patients who underwent EPDF surgery at Xijing Hospital were enrolled. Sense of touch, static 2-point discrimination, elasticity, and color were measured. Thermesthesia and algesthesia were also tested. Postoperative scars were evaluated using the patient and observer scar assessment scale. Satisfaction of patients, doctors, and laypersons was investigated. The algaesthesis, thalposis, and rhigosis scores were 4.7 ± 0.7, 3.7 ± 0.9, and 4.5 ± 0.8, respectively. The tactile score was 0.3 ± 0.2 mN, and 2-point discrimination was 10.1 ± 4.8 mm. L∗, a∗ hemoglobin, and melanin content of the flaps were significantly different when compared with normal skin (P
< 0.05). The satisfaction of doctors, patients, and laypersons was 88.5%, 71.2%, and 67.3%, respectively. The higher satisfaction of patients was mainly associated with the smaller color difference between the flap and the surrounding skin, and lower patient and observer scar assessment scale score. These results confirm that excellent functional recovery and reliable cosmetic effects are observed when facial scars are repaired with EPDF. The methods used in this study can be applied to the evaluation of functional recovery and cosmetic outcomes of transferred flaps, which may provide a more comprehensive understanding of flap assessment.