bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Global Species Diversity of Rhododendron
Authors: Xia Xiao-Mei , Yang Miao-Qin , Li Cong-Li , Huang Si-Xin , Jin Wei-Tao , Shen Ting-Ting , Wang Fei , Li Xiao-Hua , Yoichi Watanabe , Zhang Le-Hua , Zheng Yuan-Run , Wang Xiao-Quan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Evolutionary radiation is a widely recognized mode of species diversification, but its underlying mechanisms have not been unambiguously resolved for species-rich cosmopolitan plant genera. In particular, it remains largely unknown how biological and environmental factors have jointly driven its occurrence in specific regions. Here, we use Rhododendron, the largest genus of woody plants in the Northern Hemisphere, to investigate how geographic and climatic factors, as well as functional traits, worked together to trigger plant evolutionary radiations and shape the global patterns of species richness based on a solid species phylogeny. Using 3,437 orthologous nuclear genes, we reconstructed the first highly supported and dated backbone phylogeny of Rhododendron comprising 200 species that represent all subgenera, sections, and nearly all multispecies subsections, and found that most extant species originated by evolutionary radiations when the genus migrated southward from circumboreal areas to tropical/subtropical mountains, showing rapid increases of both net diversification rate and evolutionary rate of environmental factors in the Miocene. We also found that the geographically uneven diversification of Rhododendron led to a much higher diversity in Asia than in other continents, which was mainly driven by two environmental variables, that is, elevation range and annual precipitation, and were further strengthened by the adaptation of leaf functional traits. Our study provides a good example of integrating phylogenomic and ecological analyses in deciphering the mechanisms of plant evolutionary radiations, and sheds new light on how the intensification of the Asian monsoon has driven evolutionary radiations in large plant genera of the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains.
Structurally constrained phosphonate internucleotide linkage impacts oligonucleotide-enzyme interaction, and modulates siRNA activity and allele specificity
Authors: Yamada Ken , Hildebrand Samuel , Davis Sarah M , Miller Rachael , Conroy Faith , Sapp Ellen , Caiazzi Jillian , Alterman Julia F , Roux Loic , Echeverria Dimas , Hassler Matthew R , Pfister Edith L , DiFiglia Marian , Aronin Neil , Khvorova Anastasia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Oligonucleotides is an emerging class of chemically-distinct therapeutic modalities, where extensive chemical modifications are fundamental for their clinical applications. Inter-nucleotide backbones are critical to the behaviour of therapeutic oligonucleotides, but clinically explored backbone analogues are, effectively, limited to phosphorothioates. Here, we describe the synthesis and bio-functional characterization of an internucleotide (E)-vinylphosphonate (iE-VP) backbone, where bridging oxygen is substituted with carbon in a locked stereo-conformation. After optimizing synthetic pathways for iE-VP-linked dimer phosphoramidites in different sugar contexts, we systematically evaluated the impact of the iE-VP backbone on oligonucleotide interactions with a variety of cellular proteins. Furthermore, we systematically evaluated the impact of iE-VP on RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) activity, where backbone stereo-constraining has profound position-specific effects. Using Huntingtin (HTT) gene causative of Huntington's disease as an example, iE-VP at position 6 significantly enhanced the single mismatch discrimination ability of the RISC without negative impact on silencing of targeting wild type htt gene. These findings suggest that the iE-VP backbone can be used to modulate the activity and specificity of RISC. Our study provides (i) a new chemical tool to alter oligonucleotide-enzyme interactions and metabolic stability, (ii) insight into RISC dynamics and (iii) a new strategy for highly selective SNP-discriminating siRNAs.
FYVE2, a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate effector, interacts with the COPII machinery to control autophagosome formation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Jeong Hun , Lee Han Nim , Huang Xiao , Jung Hyera , Otegui Marisa S , Li Faqiang , Chung Taijoon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular trafficking mechanism by which cytosolic macromolecules and organelles are sequestered into autophagosomes for degradation inside the vacuole. In various eukaryotes including yeast, metazoans, and plants, the precursor of the autophagosome, termed the phagophore, nucleates in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with the participation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and the coat protein complex II (COPII). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana FYVE2, a plant-specific PI3P-binding protein, provides a functional link between the COPII machinery and autophagy. FYVE2 interacts with the small GTPase Secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase 1 (SAR1), which is essential for the budding of COPII vesicles. FYVE2 also interacts with ATG18A, another PI3P effector on the phagophore membrane. Fluorescently tagged FYVE2 localized to autophagic membranes near the ER and was delivered to vacuoles. SAR1 fusion proteins were also targeted to the vacuole via FYVE2-dependent autophagy. Either mutations in FYVE2 or the expression of dominant-negative mutant SAR1B proteins resulted in reduced autophagic flux and the accumulation of autophagic organelles. We propose that FYVE2 regulates autophagosome biogenesis through its interaction with ATG18A and the COPII machinery, acting downstream of ATG2.
Development of health and safety training for Vietnamese American nail salon owners and workers
Authors: Huynh Tran B , Nguyen Duong T , Vu Nga , Freeland Catherine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNail salon workers are an underserved worker population that faces multiple barriers to accessing occupational health training and services. We developed a series of occupational health training modules, which were culturally tailored to Vietnamese-speaking workers, covering topics on infection control, musculoskeletal disorder prevention, chemical safety, and labor practices. We delivered the training online (due to COVID-19) to a small group of Vietnamese owners and workers in the Philadelphia metro area to obtain feedback on the training content and potential implementation challenges.MethodsSeven participants (three owners and four workers) were recruited to attend the training. Qualitative feedback was obtained after each training session, followed by a more in-depth interviewer-assisted open-ended questionnaire to gain better understanding of the potential challenges of implementing the recommended changes. The Health Belief Model was used to guide the analysis of the participants’ responses to identify the perceived benefits and barriers of the training.ResultsThemes of perceived benefits of the training were bridging the gap of cosmetology school training, offering practical tips to protect their health at work, and inspiring conversations about work dignity and labor practices. Themes of perceived barriers were availability of affordable safer products and lack of resources, desire to please customers, lack of commitment from owners, and ubiquitous low wage that impacts employee’s job satisfaction and motivation to change, and difficulty in obtaining a work license.ConclusionsOur study revealed the multitude of social and economic barriers facing immigrant nail salon owners and workers. Potential policies and strategies to overcome some of these structural barriers are discussed for the long-term health protection of nail salon workers.
Topological sensitivity analysis revisited for time-harmonic wave scattering problems. Part II: recursive computations by the boundary integral equation method
Authors: Le Louër Frédérique , Rapún María-Luisa 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to revisit the recursive computation of closed-form expressions for the topological derivative of shape functionals in the context of time-harmonic acoustic waves scattering by sound-soft (Dirichlet condition), sound-hard (Neumann condition) and isotropic inclusions (transmission conditions).Design/methodology/approachThe elliptic boundary value problems in the singularly perturbed domains are equivalently reduced to couples of boundary integral equations with unknown densities given by boundary traces. In the case of circular or spherical holes, the spectral Fourier and Mie series expansions of the potential operators are used to derive the first-order term in the asymptotic expansion of the boundary traces for the solution to the two- and three-dimensional perturbed problems.FindingsAs the shape gradients of shape functionals are expressed in terms of boundary integrals involving the boundary traces of the state and the associated adjoint field, then the topological gradient formulae follow readily.Originality/valueThe authors exhibit singular perturbation asymptotics that can be reused in the derivation of the topological gradient function in the iterated numerical solution of any shape optimization or imaging problem relying on time-harmonic acoustic waves propagation. When coupled with converging Gauss−Newton iterations for the search of optimal boundary parametrizations, it generates fully automatic algorithms.
Millennials in the workplace: perceived supervisor support, work–life balance and employee well–being
Authors: Nabawanuka Hamidah , Ekmekcioglu Emre Burak 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived supervisor support (PSS), work–life balance (WLB) and employee well-being (EW) of millennial employees. More specifically, the study explores the mediation impact of WLB in the relationship between PSS and EW.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 235 full-time millennial employees working for the financial sector in Turkey. The aforesaid relationships were assessed through structural equation modeling and the bootstrapping procedure.FindingsThe results indicate that PSS positively influenced WLB which, in turn, impacted EW.Research limitations/implicationsSince this is a cross-sectional research study, causal inferences cannot be inferred from the research outcomes.Practical implicationsThe findings show that supervisors play a critical role in enhancing employees’ ability to maintain a balance between work and personal obligations which improves their well-being. This implies that the supervisor’s actions impact the well-being of employees, which, in turn, influences how an employee perceives the organization. So employers need to formulate policies and programs that encourage work–life balance in the workplace so as to improve EW beyond the workplace, as improving EW and supporting employees can help create a healthy workforce helping organizations to avoid unnecessary health costs.Originality/valueOnly a few research efforts have been conducted toward exploring the mediation role of WLB between PSS and EW. The findings advance the understanding of how PSS could enhance EW in a mediation model.
International cooperation in developing countries health systems: in-depth analyses from Gaslini Children Hospital
Authors: Salvatore Fiorella Pia , Fanelli Simone , Donelli Chiara Carolina , Rosati Ubaldo , Petralia Paolo 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide a framework useful for identifying the elements that aim for success in the construction of collaborative governance and to investigate how international governance systems have characterized the international collaborative projects developed by the International Division of Gaslini Children Hospital in Genoa (Italy). Critical and successful factors in developing partnerships in the healthcare sector have been identified.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 15 projects implemented by the Gaslini Hospital in collaboration with a global network of low and middle-income countries were examined using a content analysis of the project reports. Later, a conceptual framework proposed by Emerson and colleagues was used to design a theoretical map for investigating elements of international governance systems.

Findings
A matrix developed in two categories (health cooperation and training, and exchange of best practices) and three branches of medicine (oncology, paediatrics and cardiology) made it possible to cluster the research projects. However, details of the collaborative process often overlooked by research on public-private partnerships emerged from the framework.

Originality/value
The growing demand for higher quality health services in low- and middle-income countries has led to an increasing number of partnerships with industrialized countries to enable access to wider resources and technologies and develop useful skills to adapt to changes in society. Through the application of collaborative governance’s framework to healthcare collaboration, different elements of the collaborative process emerged which have been previously neglected.
Interpopulation differences in male reproductive effort drive the population dynamics of a host exposed to an emerging fungal pathogen
Authors: Valenzuela‐Sánchez Andrés , Azat Claudio , Cunningham Andrew A. , Delgado Soledad , Bacigalupe Leonardo D. , Beltrand Jaime , Serrano José M. , Sentenac Hugo , Haddow Natashja , Toledo Verónica , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Cayuela Hugo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Compensatory recruitment is a key demographic mechanism that has allowed the coexistence of populations of susceptible amphibians with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungus causing one of the most devastating emerging infectious disease ever recorded among vertebrates. However, the underlying processes (e.g. density‐dependent increase in survival at early life stages, change in reproductive traits) as well as the level of interpopulation variation in this response are poorly known.

We explore potential mechanisms of compensatory recruitment in response to Bd infection by taking advantage of an amphibian system where male reproductive traits are easy to quantify in free‐living populations. The Southern Darwin's frog Rhinoderma darwinii is a vocal sac‐brooding species that exhibits a high susceptibility to lethal Bd infection.

Using a 7‐year capture–recapture study at four populations with contrasting Bd infection status (one high prevalence, one low prevalence and two Bd‐free populations), we evaluated whether Bd‐positive populations exhibited a higher adult recruitment and a higher male reproductive effort than Bd‐negative populations. We also estimated population growth rates to explore whether recruitment compensated for the negative impacts of Bd on the survival of adults. In addition, we evaluated a potential demographic signal of compensatory recruitment (i.e. positive relationship between the proportion of juveniles and Bd prevalence) in response to Bd infection using raw count data from 13 R. darwinii populations.

The high Bd prevalence population exhibited the highest male reproductive effort and the highest recruitment among the four monitored populations. This led to a growing population during the study period despite high mortality of adult hosts. In contrast, males from the population with low Bd prevalence had a low reproductive effort and this population, which had the lowest adult recruitment, was declining during the study period despite adults having a higher survival in comparison to the high Bd prevalence population. We also found a demographic signal of compensatory recruitment in response to Bd infection in our broader analysis of 13 R. darwinii populations.

Our study underlines the importance of interpopulation variation in life‐history strategies on the fate of host populations after infectious disease emergence. Our results also suggest that an increase in reproductive effort can be one of the processes underlying compensatory recruitment in populations of Bd‐susceptible amphibians.
Electrical modelling of tissue experiments confirms precise locations of resistance and compliance in systemic arterial tree—they are mutually exclusive
Authors: Gangadharan Naveen , Venkatachalapathi Aravindhan , Jebaraj Benjamin , Zachariah Shikha Mary , Devasahayam Suresh , Saravana Kumar Gurunathan , Subramani Sathya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study presents electrical modelling of the arterial system to understand the effect of adrenaline on the aortae and small arteries in terms of their resistance and compliance. There is no categorical documentation in the current literature on the precise locations of arterial resistance (R) and compliance (C) in vasculature. Knowledge of their exact locations in the arterial tree enables re‐assessment of the differential action of vasoactive drugs on resistance versus compliance vessels once we resolve beat‐to‐beat changes in R and C in response to these drugs. Isolated goat aortae and small arteries were perfused with a pulsatile pump and lumen pressures were recorded before and after addition of adrenaline. Equivalent electrical models were simulated, and biological data was compared against the electrical equivalents to derive interpretations. In the aortae, systolic pressure increased, diastolic pressure decreased, pulse pressure increased (P = .018); but the mean pressure remained the same (P = .357). Whereas in small artery, vasoconstriction caused an increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures (P = .028). Simulations allow us to infer that vasoconstriction in the aorta leads to a reduction in compliance, but an increase in resistance if any, is not sufficient to alter the mean aortic pressure. Whereas vasoconstriction in small arteries increases resistance, but a decrease in compliance, if any, does not affect any of the pressure parameters measured. The presented study is first of its kind to give experimental evidence that large arteries and aorta are the only compliance vessels and small arteries are the only resistance vessels.
Comparing survival and treatment response of patients with acquired T790M mutation second‐line osimertinib versus sequential treatment of chemotherapy followed by osimertinib: A real‐world study
Authors: Wang Chin‐Chou , Lai Chien‐Hao , Chang Yu‐Ping , Chang Huang‐Chih , Tseng Chia‐Cheng , Huang Kuo‐Tung , Lin Meng‐Chih 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the survival benefit with first/second generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) and osimertinib in different treatment sequences.MethodsWe retrospectively screened 3807 patients diagnosed with cancer between 2013 and 2019 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. In total, 76 patients with EGFR T790M mutation who received osimertinib after re‐biopsy or liquid biopsy were enrolled for the analysis.ResultsThe median progression‐free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), and median OS2 of the 76 patients were 11.93, 66.53, and 29.57 months, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the disease control rate between those who received osimertinib treatment after chemotherapy (group A) and those who received osimertinib immediately following EGFR‐TKI therapy (group B) (34 [94.4%] vs. 31 [77.5%], p = 0.036). In addition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tended to be a poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS.ConclusionThis real‐world analysis revealed that previous chemotherapy could affect the treatment outcomes of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib. Osimertinib treatment following first/second generation EGFR‐TKI treatment or chemotherapy resulted in improved survival benefit.
Prediction modeling using routine clinical parameters to stratify survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients complicated with malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Zhang Shu , Zhang Yuan , Feng Wei , Shi Zhongyue , Shi Huanzhong , Zhang Yuhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) is common in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The survival of patients with MPM and MPE is heterogeneous. The LENT and BRIMS scores using routine clinical parameters were developed to predict the survival of patients with unselected MPE and MPM, respectively. This study aimed to stratify the survival of selected MPM patients with MPE.MethodsData were collected from subjects diagnosed with MPM and MPE. The LENT and BRIMS scores were applied using a combination of clinical variables to stratify subjects and compare survival characteristics.ResultsIn total, 101 patients with MPM complicated by MPE were included in the study. The median follow‐up time was 71 months (interquartile range: 24–121 months). Overall median survival was 24 (interquartile range: 12–52 months). Based on the LENT score, the low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups accounted for 65.3% (66 cases), 34.7% (35 cases), and 0%, respectively. The cumulative survival rates of the two groups were statistically significant (p = 0.031). The area under the curve (AUC) of the LENT score was 0.662. Based on the BRIMS score, the first, second, third, and fourth risk groups accounted for 1.0% (1 case), 42.9% (35 cases), 28.7% (29 cases), and 19.4% (36 cases), respectively. Survival was significantly higher in patients in the risk groups 1 and 2 than in patients in the risk groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.037). The AUC of the BRIMS score was 0.605.ConclusionsUsing routinely available clinical variables, both LENT and BRIMS scores could stratify selected MPM and MPE patients into risk groups with statistically different survival.
DA: Population structure inference using discriminant analysis
Authors: Qin Xinghu , Lock Thomas Ryan , Kallenbach Robert L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Genetic variations in a species across geographic areas typically exhibit spatial clines. There is increasing interest in inferring population genetic structure to understand the patterns of genetic variation and the evolution of a species.

Here, we present the da package and propose to infer population structure using discriminant analysis (DA). We incorporate five supervised learning approaches (DAPC, LDAKPC, LFDA, LFDAKPC and KLFDA) into da package within the same DA family, but with different linear and nonlinear properties.

We tested the performance and properties of these five approaches for population structure inference using both simulated and empirical data. Results showed that these five approaches preserved the same global genetic structure under each genetic scenario. Notably, genetic features produced from KLFDA and LFDA had higher correlations with under isolation‐by‐distance model and higher discriminatory power in population structure identification, with KLFDA achieving the best performance. The applications to empirical data indicated that all these methods could intuitively capture the continuous genetic gradients while LFDA and KLFDA could discriminate nuanced population structures that the other approaches cannot.

These DA methods can be applied to other statistical inferences in genetics and beyond. The da package is available at https://cran.r‐project.org/web/packages/DA/index.html. We recommend users choosing these approaches appropriately depending on their scientific questions and target data.