bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Fatal DisseminatedBartonella henselaeInfection (Cat-Scratch Disease) With Encephalitis
Authors: Fouch Brandy , Coventry Susan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCat-scratch disease resulting from Bartonella henselae infection is usually a benign, self-limited process in immunocompetent children. Even the rare cases associated with neurologic manifestations are not generally fatal. We report a case of a previously healthy 6-year-old boy with cat-scratch disease, systemic dissemination, and encephalitis that led to his death. Autopsy revealed perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates and microglial nodules in the brain. To our knowledge, this finding has not been previously reported in B henselae infection, possibly because of the paucity of material available for complete neuropathologic evaluation. This case illustrates the extreme severity of the spectrum with which cat-scratch disease can present and provides evidence of brain histopathology that may be representative of the disease.
Adnexal Clear Cell Carcinoma With Comedonecrosis: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 12 Cases
Authors: Chaudhry Iskander H. , Zembowicz Artur 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Cutaneous clear cell tumors can pose a diagnostic challenge even to the experienced dermatopathologist; this is partly because of limitations of existing diagnostic categories.
Objective.—To describe a previously unrecognized, distinctive cutaneous adnexal carcinoma capable of an aggressive clinical course.
Design.—Clinicopathologic analysis of a series of 12 cases.
Results.—The patients were older individuals (median age, 71 years) with equal gender frequency. The lesions showed wide anatomic distribution with predilection for the head and neck area, especially the scalp. The lesions presented as rapidly growing, erythematous to flesh-colored, solitary papules/nodules that were capable of quickly reaching a size of several centimeters. Histologically, adnexal clear cell carcinoma with comedonecrosis was characterized by dermal proliferation of nests of epithelial cells showing distinctive zonal arrangement. The periphery of the tumor nests was formed by squamoid cells merging with centrally located clear cell areas containing foci of comedonecrosis. The lesions often showed multilobular or trabecular growth pattern and infiltrating border. Nuclear pleomorphism was variable; mitotic count ranged from 2 to 32/mm2 (median, 8/mm2). No ductal, cuticular, or apocrine differentiation was seen. All cases showed expression of epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin 17 in clear cells, with focal carcinoembryonic antigen expression in some cases. Follow-up (average, 37 months) revealed local recurrence (4 cases) and regional and distant metastases (2 cases).
Conclusions.—Adnexal clear cell carcinoma with comedonecrosis appears to be a distinctive adnexal neoplasm that has to be distinguished from more indolent squamous cell and tricholemmal carcinomas.
Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Moreira Roger Klein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Substantial evidence now exists to recognize hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) as the main matrix-producing cells in the process of liver fibrosis. Liver injury of any etiology will ultimately lead to activation of HSCs, which undergo transdifferentiation to fibrogenic myofibroblast-like cells. Quantitative analysis of HSC activation by immunohistochemistry has been shown to be useful in predicting the rate of progression of liver fibrosis in some clinical situations. In the activation process, transforming growth factor β is thought to be the main mediator of fibrogenesis and platelet-derived growth factor is the major inducer of HSC proliferation. Different platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β inhibitors have been shown to effectively prevent liver fibrosis in animal models and represent promising therapeutic agents for humans.
American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wolff Antonio C. , Hammond M. Elizabeth H. , Schwartz Jared N. , Hagerty Karen L. , Allred D. Craig , Cote Richard J. , Dowsett Mitchell , Fitzgibbons Patrick L. , Hanna Wedad M. , Langer Amy , McShane Lisa M. , Paik Soonmyung , Pegram Mark D. , Perez Edith A. , Press Michael F. , Rhodes Anthony , Sturgeon Catharine , Taube Sheila E. , Tubbs Raymond , Vance Gail H. , van de Vijver Marc , Wheeler Thomas M. , Hayes Daniel F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose.—To develop a guideline to improve the accuracy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in invasive breast cancer and its utility as a predictive marker.
Methods.—The American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) convened an expert panel, which conducted a systematic review of the literature and developed recommendations for optimal HER2 testing performance. The guideline was reviewed by selected experts and approved by the board of directors for both organizations.
Results.—Approximately 20% of current HER2 testing may be inaccurate. When carefully validated testing is performed, available data do not clearly demonstrate the superiority of either immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH) as a predictor of benefit from anti-HER2 therapy.
Recommendations.—The panel recommends that HER2 status should be determined for all invasive breast cancer. A testing algorithm that relies on accurate, reproducible assay performance, including newly available types of brightfield ISH, is proposed. Elements to reliably reduce assay variation (for example, specimen handling, assay exclusion, and reporting criteria) are specified. An algorithm defining positive, equivocal, and negative values for both HER2 protein expression and gene amplification is recommended: a positive HER2 result is IHC staining of 3+ (uniform, intense membrane staining of &gt; 30% of invasive tumor cells), a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) result of more than 6 HER2 gene copies per nucleus, or a FISH ratio (HER2 gene signals to chromosome 17 signals) of more than 2.2; a negative result is an IHC staining of 0 or 1+, a FISH result of less than 4.0 HER2 gene copies per nucleus, or a FISH ratio of less than 1.8. Equivocal results require additional action for final determination. It is recommended that to perform HER2 testing, laboratories show 95% concordance with another validated test for positive and negative assay values. The panel strongly recommends validation of laboratory assay or modifications, use of standardized operating procedures, and compliance with new testing criteria to be monitored with the use of stringent laboratory accreditation standards, proficiency testing, and competency assessment. The panel recommends that HER2 testing be done in a CAP-accredited laboratory or in a laboratory that meets the accreditation and proficiency testing requirements set out by this document.
Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma of the Cecum: A Radiation-Associated Tumor in a Previously Unreported Site
Authors: Frattini Jared C. , Sosa Julie Ann , Carmack Susanne , Robert Marie E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Data from the nuclear reactor explosion in Chernobyl and the atomic bomb detonations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated an association between ionizing radiation and tumoriogenesis. There is a significant association between external beam radiation and radiation-induced sarcoma. Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is a rare form of malignant fibrosarcoma that is low grade and indolent with distinct immunohistopathologic characteristics that usually occurs in the soft tissues of the extremities. A 62-year-old man from Kiev who aided in the cleanup at Chernobyl presented with crampy abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. His workup revealed a cecal mass, and the final pathology from his laparotomy confirmed sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma with metastasis to the liver. In addition to a review of the literature, we report the first case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma arising from the large bowel. Exposure to ionizing radiation from Chernobyl could have played a role in the development of his tumor.
High Incidence of Chromosome 1 Abnormalities in a Series of 27 Renal Oncocytomas: Cytogenetic and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Studies
Authors: Paner Gladell P. , Lindgren Valerie , Jacobson Kris , Harrison Kathleen , Cao Ying , Campbell Steve C. , Flanigan Robert C. , Picken Maria M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—It has recently been shown by cytogenetics that there is a high incidence of chromosome 1 abnormalities in renal oncocytomas.
Objective.—To confirm the cytogenetic results by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis.
Design.—Nine additional cytogenetic analyses were added to those reported in our recent study, with a total of 27 tumors studied, which makes it the largest series of renal oncocytomas studied to date by cytogenetics and/or FISH. We used the LSI 1p36/LSI 1q25 Dual Color Probe Set to make the analyses.
Results.—In this study, combined cytogenetics and FISH showed loss of chromosome arm 1p1 in 48% of renal oncocytomas. By FISH, deletion of 1p36.3 was observed in 59% of renal oncocytomas, whereas by cytogenetics, abnormality in chromosome 1 was seen in 32% of tumors. However, the incidence of chromosome 1 abnormalities among 9 bilateral tumors was much higher than in single tumors (88% vs 28%, respectively). Loss of only the 1p36.3 site occurred in 2 renal oncocytomas with translocation of chromosome 1, as shown by cytogenetics. Concordance between the 2 techniques, when they were used simultaneously to detect chromosome 1p1 abnormality, was 82%.
Conclusions.—This study further confirmed our prior results demonstrating the widespread occurrence of chromosome 1 abnormalities in renal oncocytomas. Although no abnormalities in chromosome 1 in tumors with normal karyotypes were detected by FISH using the current set of probes, a much higher incidence of such abnormalities was found in bilateral tumors, suggesting that genetic alterations related to the development of renal oncocytoma reside in this region.
The Heterogeneous Distribution of Monosomy 3 in Uveal Melanomas: Implications for Prognostication Based on Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies
Authors: Maat Willem , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , van Zelderen-Bhola Shama L. , Barthen Ed R. , Wessels Hans W. , Schalij-Delfos Nicoline E. , Jager Martine J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The detection of monosomy 3 in uveal melanomas has repeatedly been associated with adverse outcome. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is being used to detect monosomy 3 in these tumors, based on the assumption that this chromosomal abnormality is distributed homogeneously throughout the tumor.
Objective.—To study the distribution of monosomy 3 in primary uveal melanoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
Design.—We studied 50 enucleated eyes with uveal melanoma. In all 50 tumors we performed cytogenetic analysis and FISH using a DNA-specific probe for the centromere region of chromosome 3 on cultured tumor cells. In addition, the percentage of tumor cells with monosomy 3 was assessed by FISH on nuclei, isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue and compared to results of FISH on regular histology sections of the paraffin-embedded tissue.
Results.—Combining karyotyping and FISH on cultured cells identified monosomy 3 in 19 (38%) of 50 tumors, whereas FISH on nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue showed 31 (62%) of 50 as having monosomy for chromosome 3. FISH analysis on paraffin sections showed tumor heterogeneity for copy number of chromosome 3 in at least 7 cases.
Conclusions.—FISH analysis on paraffin sections shows that heterogeneity of monosomy of chromosome 3 is a frequent phenomenon in uveal melanoma. FISH on nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue identifies a higher frequency of monosomy 3 than the traditional combination of karyotyping and FISH on cultured uveal melanoma cells. The practice of assigning patients to risk categories based on fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples from primary uveal melanoma may be subject to error based on the heterogeneous distribution of monosomy 3 in these tumors.
Celestinas y majas en la obra de Goya, Alenza y Lucas Velázquez
Authors: Schmidt Rachel 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo examina el desarrollo de dos endencias iconográficas de las imágenes de la Celestina y la maja en el arte del siglo XIX, ambas establecidas por Goya: la satírica, que a menudo se expresa en medios impresos y que muestra la prostitución como comercio entre seres humanos, conectándola a otros fenómenos sociales, como el matrimonio forzado y los pordioseros; y la sentimental o pintoresca, que a menudo usa el medio pictórico para visiones idealizadas o sensuales de la maja. Leonardo Alenza y Nieto (1807-1845) desarrolla la mirada crítica que Goya posa sobre la prostitución al incorporar figuras masculinas marginales en sus cuadros, retratando las relaciones entre las prostitutas, sus clientes, los pordioseros e incluso la prostitución masculina. Eugenio Lucas Velázquez (1817-1870) pintó durante un periodo en el que la prostitución estaba legalizada y bajo vigilancia médica al ejercerse en burdeles controlados por el estado. Este pintor se aleja de la tradición sentimental para presentar a las majas como víctimas de celestinas bestializadas o como meras figuras folclóricas atractivas.
Modo supervivencia: sobre la despolitización del imaginario contemporáneo (utopía y distopía)
Authors: Sánchez Usanos David 
Published: February 2021

Survival mode: on the depoliticization of the contemporary imaginary (utopia and dystopia)

Resumen: En este artículo analizamos el actual estatuto de la utopía y de la distopía a partir de los cambios en la experiencia y la sensibilidad acontecidos en la postmodernidad-globalización. Reflexionaremos sobre la forma en la que experimentamos el tiempo y el cambio histórico y acerca del modo en el que la realidad aparece representada en los productos culturales contemporáneos. En este sentido, nos fijaremos en lo que hemos denominado la “privatización de la utopía” a propósito del descrédito de la política y de los proyectos colectivos, y atenderemos tanto a la conciencia de un final que parece haberse instalado en nosotros desde hace tiempo como a sus posibles antecedentes.
Abstract: We will analyze the present role and concept of utopia and dystopia in connection with the changes in our experience and sensibility that have taken place under postmodernity-globalization. We will think about our time and historical change experience and about the way reality is represented in contemporary cultural products. We will pay attention to what we call “the privatization of utopia” regarding the discredit of the political and collective projects and we will also consider the consciousness of an ending (and their possible antecedents) that seems to be settled in us for quite some time.

Palabras clave: utopía, distopía, Fredric Jameson, Northrop Frye, George Orwell, Ricardo Piglia, privatización de la utopía, postmodernidad, globalización, experiencia del tiempo.
Keywords: utopia, dystopia, Fredric Jameson, Northrop Frye, George Orwell, Ricardo Piglia, privatization of utopia, postmodernity, globalization, time experience.
The Poetic Machines of Monsignor Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz
Authors: Pérez Martínez Ricardo 
Published: February 2021

Monsignor Juan Caramuel, doctor universalis, built ingenious and multifaceted poetic machines not only to automate literary creation but also to multiply it. He called such poetic machines Labyrinths, “metric schemes” or even Ideae. These machines are the compositions that close the Apollos and the Muses of Metametrica (1663), a rhetorical treatise dedicated to a homonymous science. To whose invention he attributes himself. In this article, we analyze the functioning of these poetic machines and their place in the history of baroque ideas.
From the Metafunctions of Language to the Hyperfunctions. The New Multimodal Reality of Hypertext
Authors: Celis Sánchez María Ángela 
Published: February 2021

Every act of communication stems from the existence of two individuals, who, at least, establish a relationship to share a particular type of information. That relationship will result in a communication model that, with the advent of information and communication technology, has undergone a remarkable change, so that the message is no longer linear or sequential to become a set of multiple relationships which affect the sender, recipient and message. Among the many changes that occur in this new communication model, one of which relates to the sociolinguistic springs that run through the relationship between sender and receiver. In this essay, we try to explain how these relationships work from a theoretical point of view, so that we can speculate a sort of model applicable to each enunciation. To do this we will start from the theoretical assumptions proposed by M.A.K. Halliday who, by combining autonomous linguistic sources with sociolinguistics, offered a theory of language known as “systemic functional”, being supported by the study of language as a system and by the functions arising from its use or metafunctions of the language, namely ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and textual metafunction. In the telematic space, with the peculiarities that define hypertextual communication, the metafunctions became different from that described for oral and written environments. All of them will be hyperfunctions or multifunctions precisely because of the multimodal essence (text, image and sound) that houses them. We intend to theoretically bring the distances produced from the jump from the analogue environment to the digital environment, to propose a kind of specific theory for this new communicative space.
Mathematical Dispositions of Graduating Students of the College of Engineering, University of Eastern Philippines (UEP)
Authors: Morado Lonel I. , Varela Benjamin D. 
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to determine the mathematical disposition of graduating engineering students of the UEP College of Engineering in the School Year 2016-2017. Specifically, the study assessed the profile of the graduating students in terms of their age, sex, average grade in calculus and academic performance in professional subjects; the mathematical disposition in terms of self-efficacy component; math as sensible component; and perseverance component; the relationship between the profile and mathematical disposition of students, and between the mathematical disposition and academic performance in professional subjects of the respondents.
The 132 graduating students taking up Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering (BSAE), Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE), Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (BSEE), and Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (BSME) who are officially enrolled in the second semester of the school year 2016-2017 were the respondents of this study.
The study found out that there were more graduating engineering students whose age is beyond 22 to 24 years old; more males; and have passing performance in calculus subjects.
Generally, the graduating engineering students for the school year 2016-2017 have good mathematical disposition, specifically described as more efficacious, sensible, and more persevering.
The students’ performance in calculus subjects was significantly related to mathematical disposition, while the age and sex of respondents have nothing to do with mathematical disposition.
Specifically, respondents’ age and sex did not affect the three components of mathematical disposition, while average grade in calculus subjects was found to have something to do with their sensibility and perseverance level in mathematics.
On the relationship between mathematical disposition components and the academic performance in professional subjects of graduating engineering students, it was found out that only the math as sensible component affected their performance in professional subjects.
The result of this study also revealed that these students who were more efficacious, more sensible and more persevering performed good in their professional subjects.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Status among Hypertensive Subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, South East, Nigeria
Authors: Elendu M. U. , Nwankwo A. A. , Egwurugwu J. N. , Ugwu P. I. , Ugwuezumba P. C. , Oraebosi M. I. , Ejiofor D. C. , Ekweogu C. N. , Ohamaeme M. C. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: The Complete Blood Count (CBC) among hypertensive subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, Nigeria West Africa were studied.
Methodology: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2017) current definition of hypertension was used to ascertain, diagnoses and assigned eighty (80)hypertensive subjects after three different consecutive blood pressure check into tests groups. Other blood pressure measures such as pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure were calculated appropriately. Venous blood samples were collected with 5mls syringe and immediately emptied into EDTA container for complete blood count analysis.
Results: The results showed increase in RBC count, HB, PCV and decrease in MCV among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects. It was statistically insignificant in all age groups. No changes were seen in MCHC and MCH. The results also, showed increase in PLTS count. The increase in PLTS count was statistically significant at P<0.05 and <0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-65yrs and >66yrs respectively. Increase in PLTS count among 20-35yr age group was not significant. There were increase in WBC count among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects in all age groups. It was statistically significant at P<0.05 and <0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-50yrs and >66yrs respectively. Neutrophil was increased in all age groups and was statistically significant at P<0.05 except 20-35yr age group. No changes were seen on lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.
Conclusion: Haematological parameters investigated could predict possible cardiovascular abnormalities such as hypertension.
Effect of Dexamathasone in Surgical Extraction of Mandibular Impacted Third Molar
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Hayee , Channar Kashif Ali , Kumar Ajeet , Iqbal Naveed , Shakeel Junaid , Shahid Uzma , Shaikh Shumaila , Syed Nayel , Jabeen Aisha , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Qureshi Imran 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the role of dexamethasone in mandibular third molar surgical extraction.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Oral & Maxillofacial surgery department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health sciences Hyderabad / Jamshoro. 50 cases were included in this study by using simple random sampling technique. All patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group-A were given dexamethasone (DM)8 mg intramuscularly (IM) before surgery and 4 mg 24 hours after surgery and Augmentin tablet 625mg Q12 hrs. and Brufen 400 mg Q8 hrs. and patients in group-B were given Augmentin 625 mg BD and Brufen 400 mg TDS post operatively only. The facial swelling was checked before and after surgery.All information was collected and entered in a proforma.
Results: The study sample was consisted of 62% men and 38% women. Mean age was 26.9±6.64.The mean preoperative swelling was 109.20 ± 1.190 mm in control group and 109.44 ± 1.083 in DM group. After 48 hours of surgery, post extraction swelling increased in both group with mean swelling 114.28± 1.242 mm in control group and 114.64± 1.350 in DM group, after a week of surgery more swelling was reduced in DM group as compared to control group.
Conclusion: It is found that Dexamethasone group showed decrease in swelling as compared to control group.