bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental assessment of interventions to restrain the impact of industrial pollution using a quasi-experimental design: limitations of the interventions and recommendations for public health policy
Authors: Gianicolo Emilio A. L. , Cervino Marco , Russo Antonello , Singer Susanne , Blettner Maria , Mangia Cristina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In an industrial area, the asymmetry between the weights of the economic interests compared to the public-health needs can determine which interests are represented in decision-making processes. This might lead to partial interventions, whose impacts are not always evaluated. This study focuses on two interventions implemented in Taranto, Italy, a city hosting one of the largest steel plants in Europe. The first intervention deals with measures industrial plants must implement by law to reduce emissions during so called “wind days” in order to reduce PM10 and benzo [a] pyrene concentrations. The second one is a warning to the population with recommendations to aerate indoor spaces from 12 pm to 6 pm, when pollutant concentrations are believed to be lower.

Methods
To analyse the impact of the first intervention, we analysed monthly PM10 data in the period 2009–2016 from two monitoring stations and conducted an interrupted-time-series analysis. Coefficients of time-based covariates are estimated in the regression model. To minimise potential confounding, monthly concentrations of PM10 in a neighbourhood 13 km away from the steel plant were used as a control series. To evaluate the second intervention, hourly concentrations of PM10, SO2 and polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed.

Results
PM10 concentrations in the intervention neighbourhood showed a peak just a few months before the introduction of the law. When compared to the control series, PM10 concentrations were constantly higher throughout the entire study period. After the intervention, there was a reduction in the difference between the two time-series (− 25.6%). During “wind days” results suggested no reduction in concentrations of air pollutants from 12 pm to 18 pm.

Conclusion
Results of our study suggest revising the warning to the population. Furthermore, they evidence that in complex highly industrialised areas, air quality interventions cannot focus on only a single pollutant, but rather should consider the complex relationships between the different contaminants. Environmental interventions should be reviewed periodically, particularly when they have implications for social constraints. While the results of our study can be related only to the specific situation reported in the article, the methodology applied might be useful for the environmental management in industrial areas with similar features.
Underdiagnosis of obstructive lung disease: findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Delmas Marie-Christine , Bénézet Laetitia , Ribet Céline , Iwatsubo Yuriko , Zins Marie , Nadif Rachel , Roche Nicolas , Leynaert Bénédicte 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The burden of undiagnosed obstructive lung disease (OLD) (mainly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is not fully established, and targets for corrective action are yet to be identified. We assessed the underdiagnosis of OLD and its determinants in France.

Methods
CONSTANCES is a French population-based cohort of adults aged 18–69 years at inception. We analysed data collected at inclusion in 2013–2014. Undiagnosed OLD was defined as spirometry-confirmed airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal) without prior diagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or bronchiectasis. Multivariate analysis was performed with weighted robust Poisson regression models to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of undiagnosed OLD.

Results
Spirometry results were available for 19,398 participants. The prevalence of airflow limitation was 4.6%. Overall, 64.4% of adults with airflow limitation did not report a previous diagnosis of OLD. Individuals with high cumulative tobacco consumption (≥ 10 pack-years) (aPR: 1.72 [1.28–2.32]), without respiratory symptoms (aPR: 1.51 [1.28–1.78]), and with preserved lung function (aPR: 1.21 [1.04–1.41] for a 10-point increase in FEV1% predicted) had a higher risk of being undiagnosed. Half of symptomatic individuals with airflow limitation (45% of those with moderate to severe airflow limitation) were undiagnosed with OLD.

Conclusion
Underdiagnosis of OLD is very common among French adults, even in patients with respiratory symptoms. Efforts should be made in France to raise awareness about OLD in the general population, improve the detection of respiratory symptoms, and increase the use of spirometry among primary care professionals.
Visualization of mandibular movement relative to the maxilla during mastication in mice: integration of kinematic analysis and reconstruction of a three-dimensional model of the maxillofacial structure
Authors: Yasuda Go , Moriuchi Emi , Hamanaka Ryo , Fujishita Ayumi , Yoshimi Tomoko , Yamamoto Kana , Hayashida Kaori , Koga Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Noriaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Mastication is one of the most fundamental functions for the conservation of human life. To clarify the pathogenetic mechanism of various oral dysfunctions, the demand for devices for evaluating stomatognathic function has been increasing. The aim of the present study was to develop a system to reconstruct and visualize 3-dimensional (3D) mandibular movements relative to the maxilla, including dynamic transition of occlusal contacts between the upper and lower dentitions during mastication in mice.

Methods
First, mandibular movements with six degrees of freedom were measured using a motion capture system comprising two high-speed cameras and four reflective markers. Second, 3D models of maxillofacial structure were reconstructed from micro-computed tomography images. Movement trajectories of anatomical landmark points on the mandible were then reproduced by integrating the kinematic data of mandibular movements with the anatomical data of maxillofacial structures. Lastly, 3D surface images of the upper dentition with the surrounding maxillofacial structures were transferred to each of the motion capture images to reproduce mandibular movements relative to the maxilla. We also performed electromyography (EMG) of masticatory muscles associated with mandibular movements.

Results
The developed system could reproduce the 3D movement trajectories of arbitrary points on the mandible, such as incisor, molars and condylar points with high accuracy and could visualize dynamic transitions of occlusal contacts between upper and lower teeth associated with mandibular movements.

Conclusions
The proposed system has potential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying motor coordination of masticatory muscles and to clarify their roles during mastication by taking advantage of the capability to record EMG data synchronously with mandibular movements. Such insights will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of oral motor disorders by allowing comparisons between normal mice and genetically modified mice with oral behavioral dysfunctions.
Patient and physician perspectives on engaging in palliative and healthcare trials: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Cardenas Valeria , Rahman Anna , Giulioni Jenna , Coulourides Kogan Alexis , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearchers are encountering increasing challenges in recruiting participants for palliative and healthcare research. This paper aims to understand challenges to and methods for engaging physicians and seriously ill patients and their caregivers in research studies.MethodsBetween October 2019 to July 2020, we conducted qualitative interviews with 25 patients, proxies, and caregivers participants who were eligible for a randomized controlled trial of home-based palliative care and 31 physicians from participating accountable care organizations. Using thematic analysis, we analyzed participants’ responses to identify concepts and key ideas within the text. From these initial concepts, core themes around barriers to research and preferred research recruitment approaches were generated.ResultsThemes from patient and caregiver interviews included time constraints, privacy concerns, lack of research familiarity, disconnect with research institution, self-perceived health status, and concerns with study randomization. Physician-identified barriers focused on time constraints and study randomization. Patient and caregiver recommendations for study recruitment included in-person recruitment, recruitment at healthcare providers’ offices, recruitment via mail, additional study information, and frequent calls. Physician recommendations were related to placement of flyers at clinics, financial incentives, and formal events.ConclusionsFindings demonstrated that although patients and caregivers prefer that their physicians recruit them for health-related research studies, physicians identified time constraints as a consistent barrier to research involvement.
Palliative care in the community – the role of the resource nurse, a qualitative study
Authors: Johansen Håkon , Helgesen Ann Karin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Approaches involving resource nurses have been used in several fields of practice to enhance quality of care. A literature review reveals limited research on the role of the resource nurse in palliative care in the community.

Aim
To explore experiences related to the role of the resource nurse in palliative care in the setting of nursing homes in Norway.

Design
The study has an explorative design with a qualitative approach.

Methods
Two semi structured group interviews were conducted. Five resource nurses participated in the first interview, two resource nurses participated in the last interview. The group interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed with systematic text condensation.

Results
The resource nurses wish to promote high-quality palliative care. They are skilled palliative nurses working clinically, and they use their experience and knowledge to talk about and demonstrate good practice. By conveying knowledge and being role models, they bolster their colleagues’ confidence and skills in palliative care and contribute to a shared view of quality. They can potentially play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team. However, the resource nurse’s function is affected by interpersonal, managerial and organisational factors.

Conclusion
The resource nurse most important tool in promoting high-quality palliative care may be to support their colleagues being a role model, and sharing knowledge and experience. The resource nurses play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team and may contribute to ethical awareness and proper dialogues about end of life issues.
Building a telepalliative care strategy in nursing homes: a qualitative study with mobile palliative care teams
Authors: Cormi Clément , Petit Marie , Auclair Juline , Bagaragaza Emmanuel , Colombet Isabelle , Sanchez Stéphane 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite increasing use of telemedicine in the field of palliative care, studies about the best circumstances and processes where it could replace face-to-face interaction are lacking. This study aimed to: (1) identify situations that are most amenable to the use of telemedicine for the provision of palliative care to patients in nursing homes; and (2) understand how telemedicine could best be integrated into the routine practice of mobile palliative care teams.

Methods
A qualitative study based on semi-structured focus groups (n = 7) with professionals (n = 33) working in mobile palliative care teams in France.

Results
Between June and July 2019, 7 mobile palliative care teams participated in one focus group each. Using thematic analysis, we found that telemedicine use in palliative care is about navigating between usual and new practices. Several influencing factors also emerged, which influence the use of telemedicine for palliative care, depending on the situation. Finally, we built a use-case model of palliative care to help mobile palliative care teams identify circumstances where telemedicine could be useful, or not.

Conclusions
The potential utility of telemedicine for delivering palliative care in nursing homes largely depends on the motive for calling on the mobile palliative care team. Requests regarding symptoms may be particularly amenable to telemedicine, whereas psycho-social distress may not. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of influencing factors on real-life palliative care practices. Telemedicine could nonetheless be a useful addition to the mobile palliative care teams’ armamentarium.
Paediatric oncology ward nurses’ experiences of patients’ deaths in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Ma Ruo Han , Zhao Xue Ping , Ni Zhi Hong , Xue Xiao Ling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsidering cancer death is second only to accidental death in the number of lives claimed each year,nurses in paediatric oncology wards often experience helplessness, sadness, frustration and such other adverse emotions when they witness children’s death due to cancer.However,there is a lack of qualitative studies on nurses who witness the death of children in paediatric oncology wards in China.MethodA qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide with 22 paediatric oncology ward nurses. Interviews were recorded and simultaneously translated and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe analysis resulted in the identification of three main thematic categories: Different emotional expression, Different copingstrategies, A weak support system. Nursing managers should pay attention to problems faced by nurses in paediatric oncology wards, and take targeted measures in terms of continuing training courses, improving the psychological adaptability of oncology professional nurses, and providing them substantive support.ConclusionNurses in paediatric oncology wards have strong stress responses to facing the death of children. They reported experiencing complex psychological feelings and have different coping attitudes. Healthcare authorities should recognise and understand the needs of paediatric oncology ward nurses, who often witness the death of children. Appropriate and effective support measures should be planned and implemented for these nurses to maintain their mental health, thus enabling them to better serve patients.
Impact of baseline SARS-CoV-2 antibody status on syndromic surveillance and the risk of subsequent COVID-19—a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kohler Philipp , Güsewell Sabine , Seneghini Marco , Egger Thomas , Leal Onicio , Brucher Angela , Lemmenmeier Eva , Möller J. Carsten , Rieder Philip , Ruetti Markus , Stocker Reto , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Wiggli Benedikt , Besold Ulrike , Kuster Stefan P. , McGeer Allison , Risch Lorenz , Friedl Andrée , Schlegel Matthias , Vernazza Pietro , Kahlert Christian R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In a prospective healthcare worker (HCW) cohort, we assessed the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to baseline serostatus.

Methods
Baseline serologies were performed among HCW from 23 Swiss healthcare institutions between June and September 2020, before the second COVID-19 wave. Participants answered weekly electronic questionnaires covering information about nasopharyngeal swabs (PCR/rapid antigen tests) and symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Screening of symptomatic staff by nasopharyngeal swabs was routinely performed in participating facilities. We compared numbers of positive nasopharyngeal tests and occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms between HCW with and without anti-nucleocapsid antibodies.

Results
A total of 4812 HCW participated, wherein 144 (3%) were seropositive at baseline. We analyzed 107,807 questionnaires with a median follow-up of 7.9 months. Median number of answered questionnaires was similar (24 vs. 23 per person, P = 0.83) between those with and without positive baseline serology. Among 2712 HCW with ≥ 1 SARS-CoV-2 test during follow-up, 3/67 (4.5%) seropositive individuals reported a positive result (one of whom asymptomatic), compared to 547/2645 (20.7%) seronegative participants, 12 of whom asymptomatic (risk ratio [RR] 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07 to 0.66). Seropositive HCWs less frequently reported impaired olfaction/taste (6/144, 4.2% vs. 588/4674, 12.6%, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.73), chills (19/144, 13.2% vs. 1040/4674, 22.3%, RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39–0.90), and limb/muscle pain (28/144, 19.4% vs. 1335/4674, 28.6%, RR 0.68 95% CI 0.49–0.95). Impaired olfaction/taste and limb/muscle pain also discriminated best between positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 results.

Conclusions
Having SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies provides almost 80% protection against SARS-CoV-2 re-infection for a period of at least 8 months.
Sulourea-coordinated Pd nanocubes for NIR-responsive photothermal/H2S therapy of cancer
Authors: Guo Xiaoyang , Liu Jia , Jiang Lingdong , Gong Wanjun , Wu Huixia , He Qianjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Photothermal therapy (PTT) frequently cause thermal resistance in tumor cells by inducing the heat shock response, limiting its therapeutic effect. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with appropriate concentration can reverse the Warburg effect in cancer cells. The combination of PTT with H2S gas therapy is expected to achieve synergistic tumor treatment.

Methods
Here, sulourea (Su) is developed as a thermosensitive/hydrolysable H2S donor to be loaded into Pd nanocubes through in-depth coordination for construction of the Pd-Su nanomedicine for the first time to achieve photo-controlled H2S release, realizing the effective combination of photothermal therapy and H2S gas therapy.

Results
The Pd-Su nanomedicine shows a high Su loading capacity (85 mg g−1), a high near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion efficiency (69.4%), and NIR-controlled H2S release by the photothermal-triggered hydrolysis of Su. The combination of photothermal heating and H2S produces a strong synergetic effect by H2S-induced inhibition of heat shock response, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor growth. Moreover, high intratumoral accumulation of the Pd-Su nanomedicine after intravenous injection also enables photothermal/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging-guided tumor treatment.

Conclusions
The proposed NIR-responsive heat/H2S release strategy provides a new approach for effective cancer therapy.

Graphic abstract
Circ_0026416 downregulation blocks the development of colorectal cancer through depleting MYO6 expression by enriching miR-545-3p
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yu Ranran , Li Chunhua , Dang Yu , Yi Xiaoyu , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence reveals that the initiation and development of human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), are associated with the deregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs). Our study intended to disclose the role of circ_0026416 in the malignant behaviors of CRC.

Methods
The detection for circ_0026416 expression, miR-545-3p expression, and myosin VI (MYO6) mRNA expression was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry assay were applied for functional analysis to monitor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The protein levels of MYO6 and epithelial mesenchymal-transition (EMT) markers were detected by western blot. Mouse models were used to determine the role of circ_0026416 in vivo. The potential relationship between miR-545-3p and circ_0026416 or MYO6 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay.

Results
The expression of circ_0026416 was increased in CRC tumor tissues and cell lines. Circ_0026416 downregulation inhibited CRC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and EMT but induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and circ_0026416 knockdown also blocked tumor growth in vivo. MiR-545-3p was a target of circ_0026416, and rescue experiments indicated that circ_0026416 knockdown blocked CRC development by enriching miR-545-3p. In addition, miR-545-3p targeted MYO6 and inhibited MYO6 expression. MiR-545-3p enrichment suppressed CRC cell malignant behaviors by sequestering MYO6. Importantly, circ_0026416 knockdown depleted MYO6 expression by enriching miR-545-3p.

Conclusion
Circ_0026416 downregulation blocked the development of CRC through depleting MYO6 expression by enriching miR-545-3p.

Highlights

Circ_0026416 downregulation inhibits CRC development in vitro and in vivo.

Circ_0026416 regulates the expression of MYO6 by targeting miR-545-3p.

Circ_0026416 governs the miR-545-3p/MYO6 axis to regulate CRC progression.
Treatment outcomes among adults with HIV/non-communicable disease multimorbidity attending integrated care clubs in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Gausi Blessings , Berkowitz Natacha , Jacob Nisha , Oni Tolu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe growing burden of the HIV and non-communicable disease (NCD) syndemic in Sub- Saharan Africa has necessitated introduction of integrated models of care in order to leverage existing HIV care infrastructure for NCDs. However, there is paucity of literature on treatment outcomes for multimorbid patients attending integrated care. We describe 12-month treatment outcomes among multimorbid patients attending integrated antiretroviral treatment (ART) and NCD clubs in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsAs part of an integrated clubs (IC) model pilot implemented in 2016 by the local government at two primary health care clinics in Cape Town, we identified all multimorbid patients who were enrolled for IC for at least 12 months by August 2017. Mean adherence percentages (using proxy of medication collection and attendance of club visits) and optimal disease control (defined as the proportion of participants achieving optimal blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin control and HIV viral load suppression where appropriate) were calculated at 12 months before, at the point of IC enrolment and 12 months after IC enrolment. Predictors of NCD control 12 months post IC enrolment were investigated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAs of 31 August 2017, 247 HIV-infected patients in total had been enrolled into IC for at least 12 months. Of these, 221 (89.5%) had hypertension, 4 (1.6%) had diabetes mellitus and 22 (8.9%) had both diseases. Adherence was maintained before and after IC enrolment with mean adherence percentages of 92.2% and 94.2% respectively. HIV viral suppression rates were 98.6%, 99.5% and 99.4% at the three time points respectively. Retention in care was high with 6.9% lost to follow up at 12 months post IC enrolment. Across the 3 time-points, optimal blood pressure control was achieved in 43.1%, 58.9% and 49.4% of participants while optimal glycaemic control was achieved in 47.4%, 87.5% and 53.3% of participants with diabetes respectively. Multivariable logistic analyses showed no independent variables significantly associated with NCD control.ConclusionMultimorbid adults living with HIV achieved high levels of HIV control in integrated HIV and NCD clubs. However, intensified interventions are needed to maintain NCD control in the long term.