bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress of Solution‐Processed Copper‐based p‐Channel Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Al‐Jawhari Hala A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of well‐performing p‐type semiconductors is essential in pushing transparent electronics to the next frontier. Copper oxide (CuxO) is a potentially attractive hole‐transport material for such applications because of its native p‐type semi‐conductivity, abundant availability, non‐toxic nature, and low production cost. Solution‐based processing methods offer many other advantages for the fabrication of metal oxides, including a high level of control over stoichiometry, microstructure, and morphology development, as well as tremendous flexibility in terms of materials and end‐use architectures. This review will cover the current progress of synthesis and deposition of solution‐based CuxO thin films for the purpose of thin‐film transistors (TFTs). It will show the rapidly growing effort in this field to utilize low‐temperature methods, nanoscale patterning, and green synthesis. Additionally, the emerging solution‐processed TFTs made of nonoxide copper‐based semiconductors such as halide and (pseudo) halide materials will be discussed.
Advanced Pre‐Diagnosis Method of Biomass Intermediates Toward High Energy Dual‐Carbon Potassium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Cai Peng , Momen Roya , Tian Ye , Yang Liwen , Zou Kangyu , Massoudi Abouzar , Deng Wentao , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPotassium ion capacitors (PICs) have the potential to combine the advantages of capacitors and batteries, making them promising energy storage substitutes for existing systems. Biomass‐based‐electrodes are very promising materials for potassium storage, however, at present, the acquisition of biomass‐based‐electrodes is mainly dependent on high temperature calcination, which makes the efficient utilization of biomass materials quite challenging. Herein, in accordance with ex‐situ 13C NMR and Raman, a universally directional selection strategy of biomass precursors through an advanced pre‐diagnosis method for calcination intermediates and a sulfur engineering strategy are initially proposed, proving that the carbon materials derived from precursors with fewer aliphatic chains and more aromatic carbons show a higher yield and can be have more K ions inserted. In addition, the evolution mechanism of in‐plane/interlayered CS bonds is thoroughly evaluated. Notably, PICs assembled by such carbon materials as the battery‐type anode, deliver a high energy density of 151 Wh kg‐1 and an ultrahigh power output of 10 kW kg‐1, closing to state‐of‐the‐art values for PICs. This breakthrough opens up a new avenue for targeted design of biomass materials and offers in‐depth insights into the evolution of S‐C bonds, promoting the energy/power density of PICs devices to a higher level.
Essential updates 2020/2021: Current topics of simulation and navigation in hepatectomy
Authors: Saito Yu , Shimada Mitsuo , Morine Yuji , Yamada Shinichiro , Sugimoto Maki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the development of three‐dimensional (3D) simulation software, preoperative simulation technology is almost completely established. The remaining issue is how to recognize anatomy three‐dimensionally. Extended reality is a newly developed technology with several merits for surgical application: no requirement for a sterilized display monitor, better spatial awareness, and the ability to share 3D images among all surgeons. Various technology or devices for intraoperative navigation have also been developed to support the safety and certainty of liver surgery. Consensus recommendations regarding indocyanine green fluorescence were determined in 2021. Extended reality has also been applied to intraoperative navigation, and artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the topics of real‐time navigation. AI might overcome the problem of liver deformity with automatic registration. Including the issues described above, this article focuses on recent advances in simulation and navigation in liver surgery from 2020 to 2021.
Kohlschütter–Tönz syndrome: Case report with novel feature and detailed review of features associated with ROGDI variants
Authors: Liepina Lelde , Kalnina Marija Luize , Micule Ieva , Gailite Linda , Rots Dmitrijs , Kalnina Julija , Strautmanis Jurgis , Celmina Marta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKohlschütter–Tönz syndrome (KTS) is a rare, autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by a triad of epilepsy, amelogenesis imperfecta and severe global developmental delay. It was first described in a Swiss family in 1974 by Alfried Kohlschütter and Otmar Tönz. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the ROGDI gene. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently 43 patients with a confirmed ROGDI gene pathogenic variant reported. Here, we review in detail the clinical manifestations of KTS, provide an overview of all reported genetically confirmed patients, and document an additional case of KTS—a 6‐year‐old Latvian girl—with a confirmed ROGDI gene pathogenic variant. In contrast to previous reports, we detected idiopathic bilateral nephrocalcinosis in this newly identified KTS patient. Perampanel proved an effective treatment for our patient with prolonged super‐refractory status epilepticus. In order to better characterize this rare syndrome and its clinical course, it is important to report any additional symptoms and also the effectiveness of used therapies. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which the absence/insufficiency of ROGDI‐encoded protein causes the clinical manifestations of KTS. This knowledge could shape possible ways of influencing the disease's natural history with more effective therapies.
Divergent Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyrazoles and α, β‐Alkynic Hydrazone from Diarylpropynones and Carbazates
Authors: Wang Qi , Hong Gang , Tang Zhicong , Yang Peng , Zhong Yi , Gong Yu , Wang Limin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractYb(OTf)3 catalyzed synthesis of pyrazoles by cyclization of 1,3‐diarylpropynones with carbazates was reported. In the presence of K2S2O8/TBAI as catalyst, α,β‐alkynic hydrazone was obtained through the reactions from the same starting materials in up to 97% yields. Mechanistic studies indicated that propargyl hydrazone was not involved in pyrazole formation. The aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics of the pyrazoles were explored, demonstrating potential applications in the luminophoric materials.
Development and validation of a procedure‐based organ failure assessment model for patients in the intensive care unit: an administrative database study
Authors: Ohbe Hiroyuki , Yamana Hayato , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: December 2021

AimTo develop a procedure‐based organ failure assessment model for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to examine the ability of this model to predict in‐hospital mortality, with reference to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score.MethodsUsing the Japanese nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients aged ≥15 years who were admitted to the ICUs April 2018–March 2019. Since April 2018, Japanese health care providers have been required to input ICU patients' SOFA scores into this database. We extracted data on the following procedures on ICU admission: oxygen supplementation, invasive mechanical ventilation, blood transfusions, catecholamines, chest compression, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and renal replacement therapy. A procedure‐based organ failure assessment model (Model 1) for in‐hospital mortality was developed using therapeutic procedures for organ failure on the day of ICU admission in the derivation cohort. We also constructed a model using the SOFA score (Model 2). Discriminatory ability was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) in the validation cohort, and the discriminatory abilities of the models were compared.ResultsIn total, 69,019 patients were included. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 7.2%. The AUROCs for Model 1 (0.810) and Model 2 (0.817) in the validation cohort did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.20).ConclusionThe models established using procedure‐based organ failure assessment showed no statistically significant differences from those using the SOFA score, suggesting that procedure records in administrative databases can be used for risk adjustment in clinical studies on ICU mortality.
Amylolytic microorganisms from diverse tropical environments: Isolation, identification, and amylase production
Authors: Muriithi Josphine , Matofari Joseph W. , Nduko John M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify microbes producing amylases from diverse unexplored environments in Kenya. Screening based on microorganisms' ability to grow on minimal media (M9) supplemented with starch resulted in the selection of 70 amylolytic isolates. The isolates were then subjected to primary screening based on starch hydrolysis ratio (SHR) obtained by halo formation on starch agar plates after flooding plates with Lugol's iodine solution. SHR narrowed down the isolates' number to 17 (SHR > 1.5), which were used for subsequent experiments. The 17 isolates were grown on M9 starch broth for the production of amylases. Crude amylases and commercial enzyme (control) were assayed for amylase activity using the 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid method. Specific enzyme activities of crude enzymes ranged between 0.0079 and 0.0629 U g−1, which were lower than 1.7188 U g−1 of the control. Five enzymes with the highest specific enzyme activity were used for cassava hydrolysis. All crude enzymes exhibited higher specific enzyme activity (0.0707–0.1853 U g−1) than the control (0.0052 U g−1) in hydrolyzing cassava. Alkaline lakes had the highest number (4) of isolates whose enzymes had the highest specific enzyme activity, while isolates from potato processing plant waste, termite gut, and black soldier fly gut had a representative each. Isolates with enzymes having the highest specific enzyme activity were identified by DNA sequencing and belonged to Lysinibacillus sp. (four isolates), Alternaria sp. (one isolate), and Bacillus sp. (two isolates). The study demonstrated the presence of microorganisms in tropical environments with amylase activity that can be scaled and optimized for practical applications.
Platinum Nanoparticles Uniformly Dispersed on Covalent Organic Framework Supports for Selective Synthesis of Secondary Amines
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Jianguo , Tang Long , Wang Chenguang , Li Xinjun , Ma Longlong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) with pore structures are talented supports for active components. In this report, COF has been rationally fabricated and served as host for growing uniformly dispersed platinum nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution (2 nm). The obtained hybrid Pt/COF exhibits high catalytic activity in the reductive amination of benzaldehyde towards secondary amines with a yield of 96 % and good recyclability. The preferable selectivity towards secondary amines could be attributed to synergistic effects of active platinum nanoparticles and COF, in which metallic Pt nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed with a positively charged surface. This work will open an avenue towards controlling the interaction between active metals and support as well as rational design of catalysts for demanding transformations for fine agrochemicals intermediates.
Preliminary studies of microencapsulation and anticancer activity of polyphenols extract from Punica granatum peels
Authors: Fathi Faezeh , Ebrahimi Samad N. , Pereira David M. , Estevinho Berta N. , Rocha Fernando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to prepare functional formulations using two different types of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels extracts (the native and the enriched extract), as an important source of polyphenolic compounds such as punicalagin and ellagic acid. These two extracts were microencapsulated by a spray‐drying technique. Polyphenol constituents of P. granatum play a significant role in the prevention of different diseases from cancer to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In general, polyphenols are sensitive and present low bioavailability in the human body. Microencapsulation could be a perfect alternative to modify the reactivity, durability, sensitivity, and photosensitivity of these natural compounds. Arabic gum, pectin, and modified chitosan were used as biopolymers‐based carriers in this research. The mean size of the microparticles prepared is between 2.55–6.86 μm (volume distribution). Release studies were implemented. The fastest release was observed for Arabic gum‐based carriers. The pectin‐based microparticles showed the slowest release profile. The Korsmeyer‐Peppas model was adjusted to the experimental release profiles. In addition, some anticancer activity studies were performed. When incubated with the human gastric cancer cell line AGS and human lung cancer cell line A549, both extracts elicited some loss of cancer cell viability, which increased in the case of the enriched extract. The bioactive pomegranate extracts microencapsulated seem to be a valid strategy to enhance their biological activity. A final powder formulation was obtained, which can improve the bioavailability and stability of these active constituents and overcome their limitations of application.
Sequential One‐Pot Three‐Enzyme Synthesis of the Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of Group B Streptococcus Serotype VIII Capsular Polysaccharide
Authors: Liang Min , Gong Wei , Sun Chongzhen , Zhao Jielin , Wang Hong , Chen Zonggang , Xiao Min , Gu Guofeng 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryThe biochemical property and functional identification of three recombinant glycosyltransferases, including β‐1,4‐rhamnosyltransferase (Cps8R), β‐1,4‐galactosyltransferase (Cps8J) and α‐2,3‐sialyltransferase (Cps8K) involved in the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of serotype VIII capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Group B Streptococci (GBS), were systematically investigated. Subsequently, these recombinant enzymes were employed for one‐pot three‐enzyme efficient synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of GBS serotype VIII CPS using the chemically synthesized Glcα‐PP‐(CH2)11‐OPh as the starting substrate in a satisfying yield of 87%.
Pharmacokinetics of Sugammadex: An Open‐Label, 3‐Period, Fixed‐Sequence, 3‐Single‐Doses Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Yuan Fei , Yang Mengjie , Chen Weili , Chen Hanjing , Xu Hongrong , Li Hui , Sheng Lei , Li Xuening , Ellen Wrishko Rebecca , Joel Woolf Eric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to assess pharmacokinetic parameters (area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, maximum concentration, and apparent terminal half‐life) after administration of 3 single intravenous (IV) doses of sugammadex to evaluate the safety and tolerability in healthy nonanesthetized subjects. This was an open‐label, 3‐period, nonrandomized, single‐rising‐dose study in 12 healthy Chinese subjects 18 to 45 years of age. In each period, every subject received a single IV dose of sugammadex in a fixed sequence (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) under fasting conditions. There was a 3‐day washout phase between dosing in each treatment period. In this study, a total of 11 (6 men and 5 women) Chinese subjects (with mean age of 25 ± 4.0 years; body weight, 64 ± 6 kg; height, 167 ± 6 cm; and body mass index, 22.9 ±1.2 kg/m2) received single doses of sugammadex 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg sequentially, with a 3‐day washout phase between consecutive doses, and completed the study. The geometric mean maximum concentrations were 16.81, 30.99, and 60.55 μg/mL for sugammadex 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, respectively. The median time to maximum concentration was 0.03 hour after bolus administration, and plasma sugammadex concentrations declined with a mean apparent terminal half‐life of ≈1.7 hours across all 3 doses. Single‐dose IV administration of sugammadex 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg was generally safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese male and female subjects.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Polymorphic Urea ⋅ Adipic Acid Cocrystal as a Sustained‐Release Nitrogen Source
Authors: Parakatawella Shalika , Gogoi Diptajyoti , Deka Poonam , Xu Yizhi , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Jayasundera Anil C. A. , Arhangelskis Mihails , Thakuria Ranjit , Adassooriya Nadeesh M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 2 : 1 urea ⋅ adipic acid cocrystal was obtained in two polymorphic forms (Form I reported earlier, and Form II synthesized in this study) using mechanochemistry as well as solution crystallization. Lower solubility and leaching study showed the newly synthesized urea ⋅ adipic acid 2 : 1 cocrystal to be an efficient sustained‐release nitrogen fertilizer compared to commercially available urea.
Design of Non‐Incendive High‐Voltage Liquid Electrolyte Formulation for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kwak Sehyun , An Kihun , Tran Yen Hai Thi , Song Seung‐Wan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBattery safety has an ever‐increasing significance and is required for consumer's safety. The high flammability of traditional organic liquid electrolyte, which consists of ethylene carbonate and highly flammable linear carbonate, is one of the major reasons for thermal runaway and battery fire events. Replacement of flammable liquid electrolyte with non‐incendive one is urgently needed for safe lithium‐ion batteries. A fluorinated linear sulfate paired with 1 m LiPF6 was developed and evaluated as a solvent of non‐incendive liquid electrolyte for a use in high‐voltage (4.4 V) and high‐temperature (45 °C) LiNi0.82Mn0.07Co0.11O2 (NCM811) chemistry‐based lithium‐ion batteries. Non‐incendive liquid electrolyte containing sulfate with two trifluoroethyl groups exhibited superior anodic and thermal stability and promoted cathode–electrolyte and anode‐electrolyte interfacial stability, compared to flammable traditional electrolyte. Non‐incendive electrolyte showed markedly improved 300 cycle performance of an industrial graphite‖NCM811 lithium‐ion pouch cell with a nominal capacity of 730 mAh under harsh conditions, and high safety of 10 V overcharge abuse tolerance, from which safe and high‐performing high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries and battery‐powered electric vehicles and energy storage system are anticipated.
Evaluating a Dispersion of Sodium in Sodium Chloride for the Synthesis of Low‐Valent Nickel Complexes**
Authors: Johnson Humphrey Elliot L. B. , Kennedy Alan R. , Sproules Stephen , Nelson David J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of a sodium in sodium chloride dispersion is systematically evaluated for the synthesis of nickel(0) and nickel(I) complexes from readily‐prepared nickel(II) precursors. A variety of complexes with phosphine and bipyridine‐type ligands were accessed, although some reactions were found to produce mixtures of nickel(0) and nickel(I), and yields were highly variable. Several new nickel(I) complexes were obtained, and these were characterized using techniques including NMR spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Determinants of obstetric fistula in Afghanistan: An analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2015
Authors: Yusufi Mohammad Omid , Fanning Erin , Bhatta Madhav P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the reproductive, sociodemographic, and geographic factors associated with obstetric fistula, which is a significant but neglected health problem faced by women in low‐income countries, in women in Afghanistan, where epidemiologic studies examining the determinants of obstetric fistula are currently lacking.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from a nationally representative sample of women collected through the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015. Descriptive and binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of obstetric fistula and describe and assess the risk factors associated with the condition.ResultsAmong the weighted sample of 29 374 women aged 15–49 years, 3% reported having an obstetric fistula. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors associated with women reporting a history of an obstetric fistula included parity, ethnicity, geography, income level, educational attainment, employment outside the home, decider on medical care, and their husband's education level.ConclusionOur findings highlight the multifactorial nature of the determinants of obstetric fistula in Afghan women and underscore the need for multidisciplinary integrative interventions to address the reproductive, socio‐economic, cultural, and healthcare‐related factors in reducing the burden of obstetric fistula in women in Afghanistan.
Hedgehog or fox? Theories of change for dryland cereals in Eastern Africa
Authors: Orr Alastair , Muange Elijah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics' (ICRISAT) research strategy for sorghum and millets is based on market‐led development. We analyse the construction of this Theory of Change and its application to Eastern Africa using evidence from the Harnessing Opportunities for Productivity Enhancement (HOPE) project. We trace the evolution of market discourse in ICRISAT and ask why this discourse became so influential. The scale of commercialisation was limited, and its effect on intensification was mixed. A Green Revolution for dryland cereals in Eastern Africa may come not from improved varieties that give higher yields but that mature early and evade drought. A modified Theory of Change for dryland cereals requires greater recognition of household food security, farmer agency and regional heterogeneity.
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) delta promotes the expression of PTX3 and macrophage phagocytosis duringA. fumigatusinfection
Authors: Liu Lulu , Zhong Jinjin , Chen Bilin , Wang Weiping , Xi Haiyan , Su Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the increasing incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis, it is important to understand the natural defense mechanisms by which the body can kill Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a nonredundant role in resistance to A. fumigatus. Here, we found that the key predicted PTX3 transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (CEBPD), was up-regulated during A. fumigatus conidia infection. Functionally, CEBPD significantly promoted the expression of PTX3 and the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Mechanistically, CEBPD activated the PTX3 by directly binding to the promoter region of the PTX3 gene. We also showed that the RNA-binding protein human antigen R promoted CEBPD expression. These findings provide new insights into the crucial role of CEBPD in the phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia by macrophages and highlight this protein as a potential therapeutic target for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.