bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isomorphism and language-specific devices in comprehension of Korean suffixal passive construction by Mandarin-speaking learners of Korean
Authors: Shin Gyu-Ho , Park Sun Hee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcross languages, a passive construction is known to manifest a misalignment between the typical order of event composition (agent-before-theme) and the actual order of arguments in the constructions (theme-before-agent), dubbed non-isomorphic mapping. This study investigates comprehension of a suffixal passive construction in Korean by Mandarin-speaking learners of Korean, focusing on isomorphism and language-specific devices in the passive. We measured learners’ judgment of the acceptability of canonical and scrambled suffixal passives as well as their reaction times (relative to a canonical active transitive). Our analysis generated three major findings. First, learners uniformly preferred the canonical passive to the scrambled passive. Second, as proficiency increased, the judgment gap between the canonical active transitive and the canonical suffixal passive narrowed, but the gap between the canonical active transitive and the scrambled suffixal passive did not. Third, learners (and even native speakers) spent more time in judging the acceptability of the canonical suffixal passive than they did in the other two construction types. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the mapping nature involving a passive voice, indicated by language-specific devices (i.e., case-marking and verbal morphology dedicated to Korean passives), in L2 acquisition.
Effect of gliding cupping with Roghan-e-Surkh in low back ache (Waja-uz-Zahr): a case series study
Authors: Ahmad Izhar , Nayab Mohd , Ahmad Tanzeel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pain in joints is a major clinical problem since ancient times. Waja-uz-Zahr stands for low back pain which may arise from internal or external structures of lumbosacral region due to Su-e-Mizaj sada or maddi due to the surplus of Burudat or accumulation of Kham Balgham in lower back. Imala (diversion) and Taqiya-e-Mavad (Evacuation) are inevitable in case of maddi amraz. Hijama (cupping therapy) is a simple, safe, tolerable, and effective regimenal modality, helpful in the treatment of aches and pains. Gruner mentioned a special kind of cupping method in the canon of medicine of Avicenna where cupping glasses are glided over a specified area of body intending the diversion of morbid material under the name of Bier’s treatment. The purpose of present case series was to provide the insight into the effect of gliding cupping in low back ache.

Case presentation
Three patients of Waja-uz-Zahr, aged between 29 and 64 years, were given gliding cupping treatment after the application of Roghan-e-Surkh on lumbosacral region alternatively for 14 days. Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used for the assessment of efficacy. Improvement, in case 1, case 2, and case 3 in ODI score was 42.42, 68.18, and 62.50%, respectively while in VAS score, it was 50, 62.5, and 50%, respectively, was observed without any adverse effect.

Conclusions
On the basis of the above results, it can be concluded that the gliding cupping therapy may be used as an effective modality of treatment for low back ache.
Language Learning beyond English in the Netherlands: A fragile future?
Authors: Michel Marije , Vidon Christine , Graaff Rick de , Lowie Wander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Netherlands have had a long tradition of modern foreign language (MFL) education: French, German and English have been standard subjects at secondary school since the 19th century. After the introduction of the Mammoetwet in 1968, several major educational reforms have shaped the current practice of Dutch MFL teaching. On the one hand, a greater diversity of languages is on offer in secondary schools (e. g., Arabic, Spanish), and following the implementation of the CEFR (Council of Europe 2001) MFL teaching has become more communicative. Additionally, more and more schools at all levels of education have adopted English as a medium of instruction. On the other hand, with the growing dominance of English in Dutch society, the time dedicated to languages other than English has declined substantially so that secondary school sections and university departments for other MFLs are closing down. In this article, we provide an overview of Dutch MFL teaching since 1945. We will sketch how the choices made by different parties involved, including learners and their parents, teachers, teacher educators, publishers and policy makers, have been shaping the teaching of MFLs at all levels of education with a special interest in MFL teacher education.
Regularized bidimensional estimation of the hazard rate
Authors: Goepp Vivien , Thalabard Jean-Christophe , Nuel Grégory , Bouaziz Olivier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In epidemiological or demographic studies, with variable age at onset, a typical quantity of interest is the incidence of a disease (for example the cancer incidence). In these studies, the individuals are usually highly heterogeneous in terms of dates of birth (the cohort) and with respect to the calendar time (the period) and appropriate estimation methods are needed. In this article a new estimation method is presented which extends classical age-period-cohort analysis by allowing interactions between age, period and cohort effects. We introduce a bidimensional regularized estimate of the hazard rate where a penalty is introduced on the likelihood of the model. This penalty can be designed either to smooth the hazard rate or to enforce consecutive values of the hazard to be equal, leading to a parsimonious representation of the hazard rate. In the latter case, we make use of an iterative penalized likelihood scheme to approximate the L
0 norm, which makes the computation tractable. The method is evaluated on simulated data and applied on breast cancer survival data from the SEER program.
The effect of random-effects misspecification on classification accuracy
Authors: El Saeiti Riham , García-Fiñana Marta , Hughes David M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mixed models are a useful way of analysing longitudinal data. Random effects terms allow modelling of patient specific deviations from the overall trend over time. Correlation between repeated measurements are captured by specifying a joint distribution for all random effects in a model. Typically, this joint distribution is assumed to be a multivariate normal distribution. For Gaussian outcomes misspecification of the random effects distribution usually has little impact. However, when the outcome is discrete (e.g. counts or binary outcomes) generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) are used to analyse longitudinal trends. Opinion is divided about how robust GLMMs are to misspecification of the random effects. Previous work explored the impact of random effects misspecification on the bias of model parameters in single outcome GLMMs. Accepting that these model parameters may be biased, we investigate whether this affects our ability to classify patients into clinical groups using a longitudinal discriminant analysis. We also consider multiple outcomes, which can significantly increase the dimensions of the random effects distribution when modelled simultaneously. We show that when there is severe departure from normality, more flexible mixture distributions can give better classification accuracy. However, in many cases, wrongly assuming a single multivariate normal distribution has little impact on classification accuracy.
Multistep concentration of lizardite/antigorite from chrysotile mine tailings – case of the Carey Mine site in East-Broughton (Québec)
Authors: Kabombo Dieudonné , Azizi Dariush , Hébert Réjean , Larachi Faïçal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Revalorization of mining residues is of central concerns to the mining industry and the environment. Specifically, environmental management of residual products from the exploitation of chrysotile in the Thetford Mines region is one of the government concerns in Quebec and Canada. This work uses mining wastes in a second resource generation for production of magnesium from cheap and health-friendly mineral sources; the goal being to produce chrysotile-depleted pre-concentrates for a use as precursors in the leach off extraction of magnesium. The concentration of lizardite/antigorite from chrysotile containing serpentine rock mine tailings originating from the Carey Mine site in East-Broughton (Québec) was carried out using a suite of hydrocyclone, settling/decantation and magnetic separations. Four size classes of the mining residue, namely (−3150,+1580), (−1580, +600), (−600, +300) and (−300, +150) μm, were tested with an aim to reduce the level of objectionable asbestos fibers to allow access to the safer Mg-bearing minerals contained in the mine waste sources. The asbestos fibers clean-up consisted of subjecting the sieved fractions to two hydrocyclone steps, six settling/decantation steps and two magnetic separation steps. The best results were achieved when the hydrocyclone separators led to Mg recovery of 85% (±4) for the coarsest size fraction size. Both hydrocyclone underflow streams underwent settling/decantation separations. The settling tests lasted 30 min and led to Mg recoveries of 82.5% (±1.8) of Mg in the ultimate concentrate. SEM characterizations revealed that it was possible to reduce substantially the amount of chrysotile fibers to render the coarse-sized fraction in the mining waste usable while significantly lowering the health risk of the fibers. A two-step magnetic separation was applied to the final settling/decantation underflow to remove magnetic minerals such as magnetite from the lizardite/antigorite concentrate. The final quasi-non-magnetic chrysotile-depleted lizardite/antigorite concentrate allowed sample recovery of 62.5% (±0.9) wt. of Mg. These preliminary results are intended as a first compulsory step in support of viable restoration and sustainable development scenarios for the Thetford Mines mining sites as second-breath sources for valuable magnesium.
Utilizing emerging knowledge to support medical argument retrieval
Authors: Nawroth Christian , Engel Felix , Hemmje Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article summarizes selected aspects of a dissertation project and prior publications related to the DFG-funded RecomRatio research project. As such, it provides an end-to-end overview of a research project that aims at extracting and utilizing Emerging Knowledge represented by two concepts that we define as Emerging Named Entities and Emerging Argument Entities to support medical argumentation retrieval. We use these two concepts to model novelty in general scientific literature and, in particular, in medical argumentation. Therefore, this paper will provide an overview of Emerging Knowledge and definitions of Emerging Named Entities and Emerging Argument Entities. It includes a review of state-of-the-art and related work. A preparatory study shows that Emerging Argument Entities are in use in the medical literature. Based on the state of the art review and the preparatory study, a conceptual system design based on Emerging Named Entity Recognition and a state-of-the-art Argumentation Mining framework (ArgumenText) is introduced to extract Emerging Argument Entities from medical literature and make them available for Argument Retrieval. The conceptual system design supports two Argument Retrieval use cases: 1.) Ranking of result sets based on Emerging Argument Entities, and 2.) Highlighting Emerging Argument Entities within result sets. A case study for the extraction and visualization of Emerging Named Entities and Emerging Argument Entities is implemented based on the conceptual design. This proof-of-concept system is used to conduct technical evaluations regarding the Emerging Named Entity Recognition. Furthermore, prior results of an expert-based evaluation are presented. The article finishes with a conclusion and brief outlook of future work, e. g., supporting the Argument Interchange Format.
Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol alter histological architecture of systemic organs by disrupting redox balance in rat
Authors: Bini Markose , Rajesh Bhargavan , Babu Thekkekara Devassy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The threat to human health or the surroundings by the use of artificial fruit ripening agents has become a global concern. Calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethylene glycol (EG) are the two widely using ripening agents. The present study evaluates the toxic effect of chronic exposures of CaC2 and EG in rats.

Methods
CaC2 and EG were administered to the rats for 180 days orally. The alterations in oxido-reduction status, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were analysed. Arsenic content in CaC2 and animal samples were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer and phosphorus by molybdate-UV method.

Results
At chronic doses, there were no significant alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters except in creatinine level especially by EG. However, histological details revealed microvesicular fatty change in liver, corpuscles degeneration in kidney and lymphocytes infiltration in various tissues. In intestine, the mucosal lesion scoring was found high (p<0.01). SOD and CAT activities and GSH level was reduced significantly by CaC2 administration (p<0.01). Arsenic and phosphorus detected is above the toxic level: 7.222 and 13.91 mg/dL in CaC2, 1.634 and 6.22 mg/dL in blood and 0.563 and 6.99 mg/dL in liver, respectively.

Conclusions
The study suggests that the industrial grade CaC2 and EG induce systemic toxicity to rats and the liver is the most susceptible organ. The CaC2 and EG toxicity is mediated through the upset of redox balance and subsequent inflammatory responses. This could be due to the presence of arsenic and phosphorus contents that detected above the normal level in the industrial grade CaC2.
Rethinking Unconditional Convergence in Manufacturing in the Age of New Technologies
Authors: Erten Bilge , Schwank Oliver 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We revisit unconditional convergence within manufacturing with a focus on differences in technology intensity across industries. For Latin American and Sub-Saharan African economies, we observe that low-technology and medium-technology intensive industries experience a significantly slower convergence in comparison to high-technology intensive ones. In contrast, we find no evidence of a significant differential for low-technology industries’ convergence in Asian economies, and if anything, we see that medium-technology intensive sectors experience a faster convergence than high-technology industries. In developed economies, we observe that while low-technology industries experience a slightly slower convergence, medium-technology industries converge at similar rates to high-technology industries. We also find that these differences emerge during the period of increased global integration, which exposed developing economies to increased competition both from advanced markets and fast industrializers within the developing world. Finally, we show that differential convergence patterns are stronger after the peak of manufacturing employment share has been reached. We discuss the implications of these trends for the future of development policy making.
Proving God without Dualism: Improving the Swinburne-Moreland Argument from Consciousness
Authors: Blondé Ward , Jansen Ludger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith substance dualism and the existence of God, Swinburne (2004,The Existence of God, Oxford University Press, Oxford) and Moreland (2010,Consciousness and the Existence of God, Routledge, New York) have argued for a very powerful explanatory mechanism that can readily explain several philosophical problems related to consciousness. However, their positions come with presuppositions and ontological commitments which many are not prepared to share. The aim of this paper is to improve on the Swinburne-Moreland argument from consciousness by developing an argument for the existence of God from consciousness without being committed to substance dualism. The argument proceeds by suggesting a solution to the exceptional-point-of-view problem, i.e., the question how it can be explained that there is a conscious being lucky enough to experience the point of view of a relatively tiny brain amidst a giant universe that is indifferent about which physical entities it brings about according to the laws of physics.
A blueprint for green chemists: lessons from nature for sustainable synthesis
Authors: West Julian G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The design of new chemical reactions that are convenient, sustainable, and innovative is a preeminent concern for modern synthetic chemistry. While the use of earth abundant element catalysts remains underdeveloped by chemists, nature has developed a cornucopia of powerful transformation using only base metals, demonstrating their viability for sustainable method development. Here we show how study of nature’s approach to disparate chemical problems, from alkene desaturation to photodetection in bacteria, can inspire and enable new approaches to difficult synthetic chemistry problems past, present, and future.
Development of a Two-Stage Etching Procedure for Grain Analysis of Intermetallic Iron Aluminides (Fe-Al-Ta)
Authors: Schaberger-Zimmermann E. , Pütz R. D. , Subašić E. , Zander D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present work will introduce a novel two-step etching procedure for grain analysis of intermetallic iron aluminides. A grain boundary etching technique from the literature will be complemented by subsequent grain-contrast etching to visualize different grains in polarized light. The use of an XY-table for the acquisition of MosaiX images also enables grain analysis over the entire cross-section of the sample.
Research on Microstructural and Performance Evolution of IN783 Bolt in Service
Authors: Wang J. , Zhao Q. , Liu J. , Wu Y. , Du X. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the evolution of the microstructural and performance of IN783 hightemperature bolts in service was studied. The results showed that under high-temperature service environment, with the increase of service time, the superalloy of IN783 bolt and the precipitation quantity of second phase increased. The second phase mainly existed in the form of particles and rods, which were distributed in an obvious oriented way. With the extension of service time, the strength of the alloy increased, but the hardness decreased, the plasticity and toughness decreased significantly, so it is difficult for the IN783 high-temperature bolts to reach the normal level of safe service. Therefore, the IN783 high-temperature bolts that have been in service for a long time should be strictly supervised and replaced appropriately to reduce losses.
Are representations glorified receptors? On use and usage of mental representations
Authors: Grabarczyk Paweł 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the paper I present an application of Jerzy Pelc’s functional semiotics to contemporary cognitive science. I argue that, even though the original theory addressed only linguistic representations, it can be fruitfully applied to mental representations. I show how Pelc’s distinction betweenuseandusagehelps us clarify the notion of mental representations and how it makes it immune to skeptical challenges presented in contemporary cognitive science literature.
Frankreichs langer Rückzug aus der Gemeinsamen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik der EU
Authors: Deubner Christian 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Frankreichs Teilnahme an der Gemeinsamen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik der EU (GSVP) verringert sich seit Jahren. Es verfolgt einen Sonderweg mit drei Merkmalen: (1) Geografisch hat es eine Präferenz für Afrika, (2) kapazitätsmäßig überragt es die anderen an Schnelligkeit der Entscheidung, an Truppenstärke und an Einsatzfähigkeit. Zudem (3) ist die französische Staatselite im Vergleich stärker auf sicherheitspolitische Glaubwürdigkeit und militärische Effizienz orientiert. Expliziter als andere beharrt sie auf ihrer nationalen Entscheidungsautonomie in sicherheits- und verteidigungspolitischen Fragen und leitet daraus einen Führungsanspruch gegenüber den EU-Partnerländern ab. In der Folge ist es zu einem Auseinanderlaufen von kleinen und auf Kapazitätsstärkung orientierten GSVP-Missionen auf der einen Seite und robusten Militärmissionen Frankreichs auf der anderen Seite gekommen. Dieses Muster ist mit dem Interesse Deutschlands an gleichberechtigter Einbindung in eine gemeinschaftliche Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik unvereinbar. Die Aussichten für eine Annäherung sind gering. Eine Wende ist nur vorstellbar, wenn das Kapazitätsgefälle zwischen Frankreich und den übrigen Mitgliedern (insbesondere Deutschland) verringert würde. Wenn Deutschland effektive Schritte zur Stärkung der Bundeswehr unternähme und gleichzeitig Bereitschaft zu mehr militärischer Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der GSVP zeigen würde, könnte eine Annäherung Frankreichs an die GSVP denkbar werden.
Strategic Overload: Die neue Rohstoffstrategie Deutschlands zwischen Pragmatismus und Überambition
Authors: Kullik Jakob , Schmid Marc 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Anfang 2020 erschienene deutsche Rohstoffstrategie soll zu einer ökologisch und sozial verträglichen, zuverlässigen und wettbewerbsfähigen Rohstoffversorgung der deutschen Wirtschaft beitragen. Sie ist damit eine politische Antwort auf drängende Herausforderungen im Rohstoffsektor, insbesondere die hohe Versorgungsabhängigkeit Deutschlands und die protektionistischen Tendenzen Chinas bei kritischen Rohstoffen, die für grüne Technologien benötigt werden. Im Gegensatz zur alten Rohstoffstrategie aus dem Jahr 2010 ist die überarbeitete deutsche Rohstoffstrategie deutlich ambitionierter und versucht, die aktuellen Herausforderungen zu adressieren. Angesichts des dadurch drohendenstrategic overloadstellt sich allerdings die Frage, ob ein europäischer Ansatz zu favorisieren wäre.
Comparison of different SLAM approaches for a driverless race car
Authors: Le Large Nick , Bieder Frank , Lauer Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the application of an automated, driverless race car, we aim to assure high map and localization quality for successful driving on previously unknown, narrow race tracks. To achieve this goal, it is essential to choose an algorithm that fulfills the requirements in terms of accuracy, computational resources and run time. We propose both a filter-based and a smoothing-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm and evaluate them using real-world data collected by a Formula Student Driverless race car. The accuracy is measured by comparing the SLAM-generated map to a ground truth map which was acquired using high-precision Differential GPS (DGPS) measurements. The results of the evaluation show that both algorithms meet required time constraints thanks to a parallelized architecture, with GraphSLAM draining the computational resources much faster than Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) SLAM. However, the analysis of the maps generated by the algorithms shows that GraphSLAM outperforms EKF SLAM in terms of accuracy.