bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2014 Northern Thailand Mw 6.1 Earthquake and its Seismogenic Tectonics
Authors: CHANG Zufeng , DONG Pin‐liang , YUAN Renmao , HOU Jianjun , HE Zhongtai , LI Jianlin , CHANG Hao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOn May 5, 2014, an earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 6.1 (the largest earthquake in Thailand so far) occurred in Chiang Rai of the Golden Triangle area in northern Thailand. We had an opportunity to conduct field survey immediately after the earthquake. Serious damage to buildings and casualties of lives were observed, and the estimated Maximum Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of the earthquake is VIII (evaluated according to the MMI scale of the Chinese Standard). No long continuous ground ruptures were produced during the earthquake, but in the epicenter (commonly within MMI VIII extent), massive small linear ruptures (usually several tens of meters long) developed and displayed intriguing structural features, offsetting many roads several centimeters left laterally on NE trending cracks or offsetting right laterally on NW trending ones. The focal mechanism solution of earthquake shows that this is a pure strike‐slip event, and two nodal planes in NW and NE directions had the same motion senses respectively as those of breakage associated with the earthquake. The long axis of the isoseismals and aftershock distributions are in NE direction, which is consistent with the strike of Luang Namtha fault. The 230‐km‐long Luang Namtha fault which starts from the border of China and Laos, runs through northern Laos, and terminates at Chiang Rai of Thailand is predominated by left‐lateral strike‐slip and active in late Quaternary, and two earthquakes over Ms 6.0 occurred along the fault in 1925 and 2007 respectively. This Mw 6.1 earthquake occurred at the southwestern end of the fault. All related features such as evident structural rupturing, elongated orientation of MMI and aftershock distribution, as well as the location of the epicenter, suggest that the Luang Namtha fault may be responsible for the 2014 Northern Thailand earthquake.
Petrogenesis of an Early Cretaceous Xiabie Co I‐type Granite in Southern Qiangtang, Tibet: Evidence from Geochemistry, Geochronology, Rb‐Sr, Sm‐Nd, Lu‐Hf and Pb isotopes
Authors: LIU Hong , LI Youguo , LI Wenchang , LI Guangming , HUANG Hanxiao , MA Dongfang , HUANG Yong , ZHOU Qing , FU Jiangang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCretaceous magmatism is widely distributed on both sides of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ). These rocks record the subduction to closure history of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethys Ocean (BNO) and the collisional history between the Lhasa (LS) and Qiangtang (QT) terranes. The Xiabie Co granite in Nyima County, which located on the southern margin of the QT terrane, Tibet. In this study, whole‐rock geochemistry; Rb‐Sr, Sm‐Nd, and Pb isotopes; and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U‐Pb ages and Lu‐Hf isotopes of the Xiabie Co granite in the Nyima area have been studied to constrain its petrogenesis and tectonic setting. Our study can help explain the tectonic evolution of the BNSZ and crust‐mantle interaction. Zircon U‐Pb dating indicates that the granite was emplaced at ca. 120 Ma. The granite contains a small amount of hornblende and has high silicon (SiO2 = 73.97–78.03 wt%), potassium (K2O = 4.75–6.53 wt%), and total alkali (K2O + Na2O = 7.98–8.98 wt%) contents; low calcium content (CaO = 2.33–4.11 wt%); and variable A/CNK (1.00–1.18) and A/NK (1.09–1.22) values. The P2O5 content of the granite negatively correlated with the SiO2 content. Thus, the Xiabie Co granite is a weakly peraluminous I‐type granite belonging to the high‐K calc‐alkaline to Shoshone series. It is enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and relatively depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), with LREE/HREE ratios of 8.03–16.40 and LaN/YbN ratios of 10.2–27.1. Samples show right‐leaning chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu∗ = 0.67–0.76). The primitive‐mantle‐normalized trace element spider diagrams of the samples are right‐leaning zigzag curves, showing relative enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., Rb, Th, U, and K) and depletion in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, P, Ti, and Yb) and displaying striking Sr and Ba negative anomalies. The granite εHf(t) values were positive (2.9–9.9), whereas the whole‐rock εNd(t) values were negative (–2.841 to –2.33). The calculated (87Sr/86Sr)t, (206Pb/204Pb)t, (207Pb/204Pb)t, and (208Pb/204Pb)t values are 0.7014–0.7057 (0.7044 on average), 18.422–18.851 (18.670 on average), 15.625–15.642 (15.633 on average), and 38.332–38.681 (39.571 on average), respectively. On the basis of the aforementioned data, we propose that the Xiabie Co granite was derived from a primitive magma that originated from partial melting of juvenile lower crust with the addition of mantle materials. In addition, strong fractional crystallization occurred during the rock‐forming process. Given the geodynamic setting, our new data, together with previously reported achievements, imply that the Xiabie Co granite was formed during the LS–QT collision.
Invalidation in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis and its effect on quality of life in Indian patients
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Hamid Abdul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimFibromyalgia (FM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients face invalidation in the form of “discounting” and “lack of understanding”. Invalidation can have effects on the quality of life (QoL) in these patients. We planned this study to look for invalidation in FM and RA Indian patients and see the correlation between invalidation and QoL.MethodsInvalidation was measured by the Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I) to look for “discounting” and “lack of understanding” across sources, that is, spouse, family, medical professionals, work environment. QoL was measured using the World Health Organization QoL‐BREF (WHOQoL). It covers mental, physical, psychological, and environmental domains.ResultsFifty‐five FM and 102 RA patients were included in the study. Compared to RA, FM patients had significantly higher discounting by spouse, family and medical professionals (P < .001). FM patients suffered more lack of understanding from spouse and medical professionals as compared to RA patients (P < .001). In RA patients discounting by spouse had weak to moderate negative correlation with psychological, social and environmental domains of WHOQoL (r −.26 to −.48). Lack of understanding by spouse had moderate negative correlation with all the domains of WHOQoL (r −.30 to −.40) and a weak correlation with disease duration (r .23) in RA. In FM discounting by spouse and medical professionals had weak to moderate negative correlation with the physical health domain of WHOQoL (r −.26 to −.30).ConclusionFM patients faced more invalidation as compared to RA patients. Invalidation from spouse leads to poor QoL in RA and FM patients.
Phagocytosis checkpoints on hematopoietic stem cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Dong Xifeng , Han Yu , Liu Yumei , Yang Liyan , Niu Haiyue , Yan Li , Liu Chunyan , Shao Zonghong , Xing Limin , Wang Huaquan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a high‐risk hemocytopenia easily converted to acute myeloid leukemia. CD47 plays an important role in regulating phagocytosis, and its role in the pathogenesis of MDS is unclear.MethodsCD47 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on CD34+CD38− cells were detected by flow cytometry. NF‐κB, PI3K, AKT, PTEN, and mTOR mRNA overexpressed in CD34+CD38−CD47+ cells were performed by real‐time quantitative transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Phagocytic capacity of macrophages was measured with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and fluorescent microspheres. Sorted CD34+CD38−CD47+ cells were injected into NOD‐Prkdcscid Il2rgnull mice.ResultsThe expression of CD47 on CD34+CD38− cells of the patients in high‐risk MDS based on IPSS‐R/WPSS score was higher than that in low‐risk MDS and controls. The signaling pathway of PI3K/AKT/mTOR is active in CD34+CD38−CD47+ cells of MDS patients. CD47 overexpressing CD34+CD38− cells has antiphagocytosis. CD47 overexpressing leukemia stem cell (LSC) ‐transplanted mice has a short survival time. The macrophages originated from MDS might elicit a pro‐tumor response in MDS by inhibiting phagocytosis.ConclusionsPhagocytosis checkpoints are impaired in MDS. High expression of CD47 on CD34+CD38− cells indicates poor clinical prognosis in MDS.
From the sidelines: The indirect repercussions of COVID‐19 on the delivery of hospital surgical services
Authors: McBride Kate E. , Steffens Daniel , Solomon Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite relatively few COVID‐19 cases within New South Wales, the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic has prevented a return to business as usual for the delivery of surgical services. This study aims to describe the evolving impact of COVID‐19 on surgical activity and patient outcomes at a major public tertiary referral hospital.MethodsA retrospective cohort study involving adult surgical patients treated at a large public tertiary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia. Surgical activity, surgical outcomes and patient demographics were compared across two time periods, including the ‘first wave’ (February–May 2020 vs. February–May 2019) and the ‘perseverance phase’ (June–September 2020 vs. June–September 2019). Variables across both groups were compared using an independent t test or chi‐squared test.ResultsA −32% reduction in surgical separations was observed in the ‘first wave’, including −20% emergency and −37% elective. In the ‘perseverance phase’, there was a −19% reduction in surgical activity, including 0% emergency and −27% elective. The average length of stay, intensive care admissions, postoperative complications and in‐hospital costs significantly increased in the ‘first wave’. The proportion of public patients increased marginally (3%) in the ‘first wave’.ConclusionThe impact of COVID‐19 was most severely experienced in the initial months of the pandemic and observed in the number of patients treated. Although there was an initial effect on surgical outcomes, overall, the standard of care remained safe. The delivery of elective surgery remains a challenge and reflects the ongoing system‐wide changes that are required to manage the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Fabrication and performance evaluation of polymeric membrane using blood compatible hydroxyapatite for artificial kidney application
Authors: Zaman Shafiq Uz , Saif‐ur‐Rehman  , Zaman Muhammad Khaliq U , Rafiq Sikander , Arshad Amber , Khurram Muhammad Shahzad , Irfan Muhammad , Saqib Sidra , Muhammad Nawshad , Irfan Masooma , Sharif Faiza , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , Jamal Muddasar , Khan Muhammad Asad , Waseem Muhammad Ahsan , Mukhtar Ahmad , Wajeeh Salman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the current study, a phase inversion scheme was employed to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HA)/polysulfone (PSF)‐based asymmetric membranes using a film applicator with water as a solvent and nonsolvent exchanging medium. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic studies were conducted to confirm the bonding chemistry and purity of filler. The inherent thick nature of PSF generated sponge‐like shape while the instantaneous demixing process produced finger‐like pore networks in HA/PSF‐based asymmetric membranes as exhibited by scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. The FTIR spectra confirmed noncovalent weak attractions toward the polymer surface. The leaching ratio was evaluated to observe the dispersion behavior of HA filler in membrane composition. Hydrophilicity, pore profile, pure water permeation (PWP) flux, and molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) values of all formulated membranes were also calculated. Antifouling results revealed that HA modified PSF membranes exhibited 43% less adhesion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) together with >86% recovery of flux. Membrane composition showed 74% total resistance, out of which 60% was reversible resistance. Biocompatibility evaluation revealed that the modified membranes exhibited prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) comparable with typical blood plasma, whereas proliferation of living cells over membrane surface proved its nontoxic behavior toward biomedical application. The urea and creatinine showed effective adsorption aptitude toward HA loaded PSF membranes.
Tofacitinib as salvage therapy for 55 patients hospitalised with refractory severe ulcerative colitis: A GETAID cohort
Authors: Uzzan Mathieu , Bresteau Clément , Laharie David , Stefanescu Carmen , Bellanger Christophe , Carbonnel Franck , Serrero Mélanie , Viennot Stéphanie , Nachury Maria , Amiot Aurélien , Altwegg Romain , Picon Laurence , Nahon Stéphane , Vuitton Lucine , Ah Soune Philippe , Kirchgesner Julien , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Bouhnik Yoram ,   GETAID‐TALC Study Group
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundUp to 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will require hospitalization for severe flare. In patients hospitalised for severe flare, who previously experienced multiple drug failures, including steroids and anti‐TNF agents, new quick‐acting medical options are needed. Tofacitinib is effective in refractory UC and has a rapid onset of action.AimTo evaluate effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib as rescue therapy in patients hospitalised for UC flare.MethodsWe conducted an observational and multicentre study with both retrospective and prospective collections in 14 GETAID centres. The primary objective was to assess the survival without colectomy following tofacitinib initiation in patients hospitalised for a UC flare. We determined rates of clinical response, clinical remission, and steroid‐free clinical remission at week 6 and week 14 and safety.ResultsFifty‐five patients were included (49 with prior infliximab failure and 19 previously exposed to ciclosporin). With a median follow‐up of 6.5 months (interquartile range [IQR] [3‐12.3]), rate of colectomy‐free survival was estimated at 78.9% (95 CI [68.5‐90.9]) and 73.6% (95 CI [61.9‐87.3]) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Rates of clinical response, clinical remission and steroid‐free clinical remission were 60%, 45.5% and 37.5% at week 6 and 41.8%, 34.5% and 32.7% at week 14. Regarding safety, no death was observed, three patients withdrew tofacitinib due to adverse events. Two herpes zoster infections occurred in patients aged over 60 years old. No venous thrombotic or major adverse cardiovascular events occurred.ConclusionTofacitinib appears as a promising option in patients hospitalised with a UC flare but needs further validation in controlled trials.
Treatment of moderate grade dog bite wounds using amoxicillin–clavulanic acid with and without enrofloxacin: a randomised non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Kalnins NJ , Haworth M , Croton C , Gibson JS , Stewart AJ , Purcell SL 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDog‐to‐dog bite wounds are a common veterinary emergency presentation: despite this, there is insufficient information to guide veterinarians on appropriate empirical antimicrobial management.ObjectivesInvestigate the effectiveness of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid with and without enrofloxacin in the treatment of moderate grade dog bite wounds (DBW). To describe common pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.Materials and methodsIn a single‐centre parallel group pragmatic trial, 50 dogs presenting with moderate grade DBW were prospectively randomised to receive amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (group A) or amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and enrofloxacin (group B). Swabs were taken for culture and susceptibility testing at admission. Stabilisation, wound care and surgical debridement were performed at the discretion of admitting clinicians. The primary outcome was complication due to infection at 10 days, with Bayesian inference used to estimate the difference in proportions between treatment groups.ResultsOf the 24 dogs in treatment group A, 1 required the addition of enrofloxacin at re‐examination. None of the 26 dogs in group B required alteration of antimicrobial coverage. The difference in complication rate due to infection between treatment groups was 4.2%. Twenty‐one different organisms were identified: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Neisseria spp., Pasteurella multocida and P. canis were the most common. Over 90% of gram‐negative and gram‐positive isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Ninety‐six percent of gram‐negative and 86% of gram‐positive isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin.Conclusion and clinical significanceAmoxicillin–clavulanic acid is an appropriate empirical antimicrobial choice for moderate DBW in South East Queensland. Reduced empirical enrofloxacin use will promote antimicrobial stewardship and potentially antimicrobial resistance.
Self‐reported academic performance and academic cheating: Exploring the role of the perceived classroom (in)justice mediators
Authors: Sabbagh Clara 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAs a point of departure, this study assumes that teaching to impart knowledge is inseparable from its moral role to create an ethical citizenry, such as developing standards of academic integrity.AimsThe study aims at delving into how different facets of the sense of (in)justice in the classroom may play a significant role in explaining cheating behaviour, in general, and among low‐achieving students, in particular.Sample and MethodsThe study was conducted among 5,084 eighth and ninth graders Israeli students. CFA and a structural modelling equations method were used to examine the study’s factorial constructs and model, respectively.ResultsFindings pointed to a good fit of the measurement model using SEM. In accordance with the mediating hypothesis, self‐reported academic achievement was negatively related to self‐reported academic cheating. Moreover, perceived ‘school injustice’ (procedural and distributive justice as estimates) played a mediating role in explaining the relation between academic performance and cheating behaviour. It is noteworthy, however, that the facet of the personality‐like construct of justice sensitivity displayed inconsistent findings and no mediating effect when examined as a separate model.ConclusionsSelf‐reported academic performance and academic cheating among middle school’ students were explained more strongly by contextual justice‐related factors, namely perceived teachers’ distributional and procedural practices in the classroom, than by justice sensitivity, which is a personality factor. Thus, teachers’ justice practices seem to be crucial for developing a predisposition to academic honesty.
Eltrombopag for myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia with no excess blasts and thrombocytopenia: a French multicentre retrospective real‐life study
Authors: Comont Thibault , Meunier Mathieu , Cherait Amina , Santana Clemence , Cluzeau Thomas , Slama Bohrane , Laribi Kamel , Giraud Jean‐Thomas , Dimicoli Sophie , Berceanu Ana , Le Clech Lenaïg , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Gruson Berangere , Torregrosa Jose , Sanhes Laurence , Jachiet Vincent , Azerad Marie‐Agnes , Al Jijakli Ahmad , Gyan Emmanuel , Gaudin Clement , Broner Jonathan , Guerveno Claire , Guillaume Thierry , Ades Pr Lionel , Beyne‐Rauzy Odile , Fenaux Pierre ,   Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies (GFM)
Published: June 2021

SummaryDespite a moderate prevalence in low‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), thrombocytopenia remains a risk of severe bleeding and therapeutic options are still limited. There are only a few studies with eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in those patients. In this retrospective multicentre study, ELT was used in 50 patients with MDS and 11 with CMML, with no excess of marrow blasts and platelet counts of <50 × 109/l in a ‘real‐life’ situation. Platelet response occurred in 47 (77%) patients. The median (range) duration of response was 8 (0–69) months. None of the eight still responders who discontinued ELT had relapsed, at a median (range) of 16 (6–23) months after ELT discontinuation. Although 36% of the patients were anti‐coagulated or anti‐aggregated only 10% of patients had Grade ≥3 bleeding events. Thrombotic events were observed in six (10%) patients, who all but one had a medical history of arterial or venous thrombosis. Progression to acute myeloid leukaemia occurred in four (7%) patients. In this first ‘real‐life’ study, ELT was effective and generally well tolerated in patients with MDS/CMML without excess blasts.
Realization of interactive animation creation based on artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Cai YuXin , Dong Haibin , Wang Wei , Song Hongchang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn film and television animation works, animated characters are the soul and core of the work. The behavior, language expression, and emotional expression of animated characters play an important role in the expression of the animation theme and content. Aiming at the problem that the mobile animation system can only add and change actions for a single virtual character, and the characters cannot interact with each other, this paper analyzes the technical principles, technical characteristics, and application scope of human–computer interaction (HCI), taking sensors as the research object. An algorithm for separating the human body from the background environment in the depth image is proposed. Through the calculation of the depth value, the calculation results are compared, and the target human body and the background are effectively separated. In the depth data processing, the algorithm of judging the pixel offset value is used to identify the body part, and a sensor‐based HCI system is designed. The depth‐of‐field data map acquired by the sensor is used to identify human body parts and determine actions, thereby realizing HCI based on action recognition. Simulation test results show that the effective rate of the system is 80%, and the design of animated characters can be put into the visualization stage. Using the algorithm in this paper, the physical signs of the animated characters can be quickly identified, so that the next action of the animation can be more clearly captured. Has a certain practical value.
Diagnosis of melanoma by imaging mass spectrometry: Development and validation of a melanoma prediction model
Authors: Al‐Rohil Rami N. , Moore Jessica L. , Patterson Nathan Heath , Nicholson Sarah , Verbeeck Nico , Claesen Marc , Muhammad Jameelah Z. , Caprioli Richard M. , Norris Jeremy L. , Kantrow Sara , Compton Margaret , Robbins Jason , Alomari Ahmed K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe definitive diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasia using solely histopathologic evaluation can be challenging. Novel techniques that objectively confirm diagnoses are needed. This study details the development and validation of a melanoma prediction model from spatially resolved multivariate protein expression profiles generated by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS).MethodsThree board‐certified dermatopathologists blindly evaluated 333 samples. Samples with triply concordant diagnoses were included in this study, divided into a training set (n = 241) and a test set (n = 92). Both the training and test sets included various representative subclasses of unambiguous nevi and melanomas. A prediction model was developed from the training set using a linear support vector machine classification model.ResultsWe validated the prediction model on the independent test set of 92 specimens (75 classified correctly, 2 misclassified, and 15 indeterminate). IMS detects melanoma with a sensitivity of 97.6% and a specificity of 96.4% when evaluating each unique spot. IMS predicts melanoma at the sample level with a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 97.5%. Indeterminate results were excluded from sensitivity and specificity calculations.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that IMS‐based proteomics results are highly concordant to diagnostic results obtained by careful histopathologic evaluation from a panel of expert dermatopathologists.