bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Eco to Sustainable Tourism, the Contradictions and Challenges of Nature-Based Tourism: The Case of Polar Cruises
Authors: A. Grenier Alain 
Published: June 2021

Polar tourism includes all leisure travel products set in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. As such, it is conditioned by an interest for nature in extreme settings (polar desert, cold climate, harsh travel conditions – when by sea. The Arctic adds an additional interest for indigenous cultures. Trying to met those tourism interests, a specialized cruise tourism branch developed in the late 1980s (thu sporadic cruises were held back from the XIXth century onward) providing exclusive access the most difficult and far distant latitudes of the High Arctic and opposite Antarctic coastline. In any form of tourism, operators must protect the resources their economic activities rest upon as any deterioration they suffer will sooner or later impact the experiente and its viability. Hence a paradox: how to protect the ecological (and cultural) integrity of these features for sustained competitiveness? Since its emergence, as an industry some 40 years ago, the polar cruising has followed trends in environmental and social management, referring in their marketing and travel policies to both eco- and sustainable tourism. Serving the wealthy customers, initially the well traveled elderly, the ship-based polar industry kept a simple programme of lecture and soft-oriented activities, namely inflatable cruising in icy bays and close-to-shore trekking. Yet, with an increasing clientele of younger middle-age tourists, operators have also diversified their excursion products to offer more sportive-oriented activities off-ship. As long as these activities were non-fuel based, the operators enforced their ecological management claims. But with more fuel-based activities (helicopter, Zodiac sightseeing), and therefore a more invasive approach to the sensitive ecosystems visited, can this industry continue to claim to be sustainable? Based on the sustainable claims made by two important polar cruise operators, this study ams to underlines that while the polar cruise industry, as a whole, might seek to improve its ecological footprint, there remains many contradiction between their will to be environmental and the desire to conquer the environment.
Tropical Volcanic Residual Soil
Authors: Iqbal Prahara , Muslim Dicky , Zakaria Zufialdi , Permana Haryadi , Jaya Syahbana Arifan , Aji Satriyo Nugroho , Yunarto Yunarto , Jakah Jakah , Khoirullah Nur 
Published: June 2021

In West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, tropical volcanic residual soils are formed from weathering of volcanic breccias in hydrothermal alteration areas with a thickness of up to 20 m. This soil has the characteristics of clayey silt, low to high plasticity, brownish-red color, has the potential to swelling, easily eroded, and slide when it is saturated, and contains the minerals kaolinite, halloysite, illite, dickite, nacrite, montmorillonite, despujolsite, hematite, and magnetite. The results showed that this soil can cause corrosion of steel and is widely used by the community as a medium for growing plants and vegetables and as a foundation for infrastructure (for example, houses). The volcanic residual soil of the research area had Low Rare Earth Element (LREE) potential and specific uses. The soil with characteristic low plasticity has Liquid Limit (LL) brine value <50% will be suitable for agriculture purposes, building foundations, and earth construction. At the same time, the other category is soil with intermediate to high plasticity characteristics, which has an Liquid Limit (LL) brine value >50%, was more ideal for the primary forest.
Palm Oil Clinker as Noise Control Materials
Authors: Haron Zaiton , Ghalip Suhaida , Yahya Khairulzan , Darus Nadirah , Halim Herni , Noor Mohamed Roslli 
Published: June 2021

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a waste from the production process of palm oil, a hard and porous materials. Many studies have focused on the effect of POC use on strength while this study discusses the ability of POC in concrete to absorb sound and its relationship with concrete properties. The study was done by replacing natural river sand in stages of 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent in a mixture of 1: 4 (cement: sand). Sound absorption coefficient (SAC), strength and physical properties affect the SAC were measured. Although POC significantly reduced the compressive strength but all specimens poses good strength more than 5 N/mm2. An interesting result is that POC reduces interconnected porosity and total porosity when replacement is 100% but increases interconnected and total porosity when replacement is between 50 and 75%. SAC at 315 Hz was found has good relationship with percentage of POC and density. It is obtained that POC 50% yield good strength and sufficient SAC that can address the middle frequency range problem, thus can be further suggested to be used for masonry block application for noise control materials.
EL DESARROLLO TURÍSTICO EN LAS ISLAS VERDES DE CANARIAS: EL CASO DE LA ISLA DE LA PALMA (2000-2019)
Authors: Martín Fernández Carlos S. 
Published: June 2021

La isla de La Palma (Canarias), una de las denominadas como Islas Verdes, ha mantenido históricamente una apuesta por un modelo económico basado en la actividad agraria de exportación. En las últimas décadas, ante la amenazante desaparición de la protección institucional a su principal cultivo (el plátano), ha variado su estrategia activando la actividad inmobiliario-turística como estrategia de desarrollo. Un cambio que acontece en una coyuntura poco oportuna, al coincidir con un marco institucional regional que controlaba el incremento de la oferta turística. El relato de las contradicciones institucionales acaecidas constituye el objeto de este artículo.
The island of La Palma (Canary Islands), one of those called Islas Verdes, was historically maintained an economic model based on agricultural export activity. In recent decades, in the face of the threatening disappearance of institutional protection to its main crop (the banana), it has varied its strategy by activating real estate-tourism activity as a development strategy. A change that is at a timely juncture, in the same way as it coincided with a regional institutional framework that controlled the increase in the tourist offer. The story of the institutional contradictions that occurred is the subject of this article.
Community Health Services: Impact on Geriatrics and Widows
Authors: Akpalaba I. O. , Blackie F. F. , Akpalaba R. U. E. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Geriatrics and widows are neglected in the society. Geriatrics are seen as unproductive. Widows, on the other hand, are humiliated traditionally by their husbands’ family members and community. They face surmounting problems which shadow their urge to seek medical attention.
Aim: To determine the burden of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and medical diseases in Geriatrics and Widows through identification of common ENT and medical conditions in them.
Methods: This was a 7months prospective study from September, 2017 to April, 2018. The study centers were Dagomo foundation home for the elderly in Benin City and St. Benedict Catholic Church, Obiaja in Edo central. Total population sampling technique was used. All the elderly and widows who gave consent to the study constituted the sample size. Health talk was given; history taking, Ear, Nose, Throat and general body examinations were done. Data on the disease burden identified were recorded. Those that needed further evaluation and management were referred accordingly. Data was statistically analyzed with SPSS Version 20. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: 50 geriatrics and 67 widows participated. Age ranged 60 – 90 years (mean age of 69.50±7.78years) and 36 – 85years (mean age of 59.61±9.36) for Geriatrics and widows respectively. Geriatrics were 13 males and 37 females while widows were 67. Seventeen (17) different ENT diseases were identified in Geriatrics while 7 ENT conditions and 12 medical conditions were identified in the widows. Predominant ENT diseases were Otitis Media with Effusion (34.9%), Left Cerumen Auris and Otomycosis in similar proportion (20.9%) in Geriatrics. Right Cerumen Auris predominated in widows (65.6%) followed by Left Cerumen auris (50.0%) and Otitis Externa (28.1%). Osteoarthritis was the commonest medical condition (90.6%) in widows. Tests of association were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: There is significant burden of Ear, Nose, Throat and medical diseases in the Geriatrics and widows.
Recommendations: Government should plan specialist healthcare measures to improve the quality of life of geriatrics and widows.
Government should ensure an educational policy to develop age-appropriate training protocols for children and young adults on the challenges associated with aging.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) Services to Increase Farmers’ Skill
Authors: Mishuk Paritosh Sarker , Kabir Muhammad Humayun , Alam Md. Mahbubul 
Published: June 2021

The Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) is considered as the most prominent public organization in Bangladesh for disseminating agricultural information to the farmers. In this line, the objectives of this study were to determine the extent of effectiveness of DAE regarding their services for improving farming skill and to determine the factors affecting the effectiveness of DAE services. Data were collected from two villages of Nawabganj Upazila (sub-district) in Dinajpur district using structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were done to explain the data. The findings revealed that majority (70.2 %) of the farmers think that the DAE services are moderately effective for improving farmer’s skill. Among the rest of the respondents, 7.7% and 22.1 % were commented as less and high effective category respectively. The inferential analysis revealed that farmers' education, organizational participation, cosmopoliteness and time spent in farming had positive and significant contribution with effectiveness of DAE services. This means that the initiative for higher these factors would increase the effectiveness of DAE services. The extension personnel, development practitioners and other researchers may be benefited from the findings. The policy makers should also consider these important factors to increase the effectiveness of DAE regarding agricultural advisory services.
Assessment of Macroeconomics Determinants on Islamic Banking Profitability and Liquidity in United Arab Emirates and Tanzania
Authors: Ali Omar Salim 
Published: June 2021

Aims: This paper studies the determinants of Islamic banking profitability and liquidity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Tanzania. It was comparative study. The study gives empirical comparisons between Islamic banks in United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Tanzania in their performance bases.
Study design: This study covers the samples of five (5) Islamic banks where by two (2) banks from Tanzania that are People Bank of Zanzibar in Islamic branch (PBZIB) and Amana Islamic bank (AIB). In the side of United Arab Emirates (UAE) three (3) Islamic banks were selected which includes Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB), First Abu Dhabi Bank (FAD) this is not an IB and Emirates Islamic Bank (EIB).
The study used secondary data of selected variables which employing panel data for the period of ten (10) years from 2010- 2019. Due to data was on panel bases which includes the two independents variables.
Methodology: To calculate profitability, the Return on Assets (ROA) was used and in liquidity in IBs deposit ratio (LDR) used to measure the liquidity .The study uses descriptive statistical analysis, correlation, multiple regression analysis for two equations according to settled objectives. The three macroeconomic variables were selected that are Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP), inflation (INF) and exchange rate (EXCH). An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was applied because the result becomes mixed in the unit root test.
Results: The findings reveal satisfactory evidence that all selected variables are statistical significance in long run relationship except inflation in UAE. The outcomes of the study indicated that selected macroeconomic variables (GDP per capita, Inflation and exchange rates have a major 5% effect on bank profitability and liquidity in Tanzania and the United Arab Emirates.
Conclusion: The study therefore recommends the Tanzania Islamic banks should adopt several policies in order to control the liquidity which is very difference like UAE banks.
Extraction and Comparative Characterization of Oils from Edible Seeds of Glycine max and Sesamum indicum
Authors: Enemor Victor Henry Azubuike , Orji Ejike Celestine , Ogbodo Uchechukwu Chibuzo , Nworji Ogechukwu Frances , Ibeneme Chinaza Lucy 
Published: June 2021

Aim: The incidence of heart-related disease conditions due to consumption of cholesterol containing oils and the increasing global demand for oil for domestic and industrial purposes have necessitated the need for scientific evaluation of other neglected indigenous plants for potential quality oil yield. This study thus aimed at extracting and comparing physicochemical and nutritional properties of seed oils from Glycine max and Sesamum indicum with a view to diversifying alternative sources of oil to meet teeming industrial and health needs and for food security.
Methodology: Solvent extraction method was employed to extract oil from seed samples which were further subjected to estimation of physicochemical indices such as free fatty acid, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, specific gravity, refractive index, density, pH, melting temperature and viscosity according to methods described by using titration method.
Results: Findings indicated higher saponification (412.33 mgKOH/mg), acid (2.99 mgKOH/g), free fatty acid (1.49 mgKOH/g), viscosity (0.13 Pas) and melting point (5.66 oC) values for sesame seed oil than for soybean seed oil. However, soybean seed oil showed higher density (0.837 g/ml), specific gravity (0.842 Kg/m3), pH (6.21), iodine (47.25 wij’s or g/iodine/g) and peroxide (40.80 mEq/Kg) indices than that obtained for sesame seed oil though mean values were not significantly different.
Conclusion: From observed measured parameters, sesame seed may be suitable for industrial purposes such as the production of soap and paint owing to its high saponification, free fatty acid, viscosity and melting point values while soybean seed oil may be excellent source for domestic and nutritional consumption in addition to industrial use.
Salinity Dynamics in Subsoiled Soils of the Northwest of the Argentine Pampean Plain
Authors: Casas Roberto R. , Baridón Juan E. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The objective of the present work was to evaluate the annual evolution of the electrical conductivity and the reaction of the soil, in a Natraqualf of the northwest of the Argentine Pampean Plain, treated with a subsoiler and sowing of wheatgrass.
Methodology: Four treatments were established in plots of 400 m2: natural pasture; pasture with wheatgrass (Thynopirum ponticum); natural pasture with subsoiling and wheatgrass pasture with subsoiling. Soil samples were extracted at depths of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm, in January, April, July and October. The edaphic parameters analyzed were: pH, electrical conductivity and bulk density. In October, the dry matter production was determined by treatment. The monthly variation of the depth of the groundwater and its chemical characteristics was measured.
Results: The depth of the water table fluctuated between 1.30 m and 0.70 m. The implantation of wheatgrass combined with subsoiling produced a decrease in electrical conductivity from 23.7 dS.m-1 to 3.4 dS.m-1 at 0-15 cm, and from 18.3 dS.m-1 to 7.9 dS.m-1 at 15-30 cm. Soil pH decreased almost one unit in the first 30 cm of depth of the treatments that included wheatgrass. The bulk density was reduced from 1.39 to 1.03 g.cm-3 in the treatment with subsoiling and wheatgrass, and 1.09 g.cm-3 in the wheatgrass treatment without subsoiling. The salt concentration and reaction of the soil at more than 30 cm did not show significant changes in the course of the work.
Conclusion: The implantation of wheatgrass, combined with the use of a “mole plow” subsoiler, in the studied soil, produces a significant decrease in the salt content and soil pH in the first 30 cm of depth. At more than 30 cm the salt concentration and reaction of the soil is determined by the groundwater.
Kinetic and Mechanism of Uncatalytic Oxidation of Dl-Threonine by Cerium (Iv) in Aqueous Acid Medium
Authors: Sahu Gajanand , Ghosh Sanjay 
Published: June 2021

Kinetic of uncatalyzed oxidation of DL-Threonine has been studied by Ce (IV) in acidic medium has been investigatigated by spectrophotometer technique. The rate of reaction determined at three different temperatures ranging from 298 K to 318 K at the interval of 10 K. The reaction has been found to be a first order reaction in presence or in absence of KCl, CTAB, and SDS. The rate constant, decreases with increasing the concentration of [HSO4-] and [H+] ion. The various thermodynamic parameters were calculated at 298 K, 308 K and 318 K. The proposed mechanism and results is discussed.
Molecular Comparison of Screening Technique for Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Blood Donors in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria
Authors: Anthony Buhari Olusegun , Adesola Azeez Ikimot , Lawrence Owolabi Shola , Ayodeji Boyejo , Oluwatosin Issah Aishat , Funke Ikeola Misturah 
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis B infection has been a great threat to transfusion medicine and public medicine, especially Nigeria where approximately 18 million Nigerians are chronic carriers. The blood donors in Ibadan are routinely screened with rapid technique or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), there is paucity of information on the use of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR) for the detection of Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for the screening of blood donors. This study was aimed at carrying out molecular comparison of the screening techniques for the detection of HBV infection among blood donors in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria.
Blood samples were collected from 150 potential blood donors at the blood bank, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Rapid immune-chromatographic technique and nested PCR using primer SF, 979 and MF specific for DNA polymerase genome was used to screen the serum of the blood donors. Processing and analysis of data were performed using IBM statistical package for social sciences (IBM SPSS version 21.0 computer software). Descriptive statistics were presented using chart and tables while statistical significance was taken as P<0.05
The Rapid Screening test showed that 16 (10.7%) of the blood donors were positive while 134 (89.3%) were negative. The molecular detection of the Hepatitis B virus-DNA using nested PCR showed that 7 (4.7%) of the blood donors were positive while 143 (95.3%) were negative. It was also observed that 5 (71.4%) out of the 16 donors (10.7%) captured by the rapid screening were also detected by the Nested PCR, while the remaining 2 (28.6%) detected by the PCR were negative with the Rapid Screening test. The age range of 30 to 39 years and 40 to 49 years had the higher rate of infection 42.9% respectively. Result of the effects of different risk factors generated with the aid of questionnaire reflected that multiple sex partner have the highest prevalence of 16.7% compared to other risk factors
In conclusion, the detection of HBV-DNA using nested PCR among blood donors that was positive in Ibadan South West, Nigeria has public health implication for prevention of Hepatitis B virus and this confirms the practice of improper screening of blood before transfusion. Nested PCR techniques helps in early detection of hepatitis B virus DNA among blood donors, due to its high specificity and sensitivity than Rapid technique hence it serves as a confirmatory technique.
Red and brown macroalgae in temperate stream food webs: Are we missing an important trophic link?
Authors: Escura Marine , Koussoroplis Apostolos‐Manuel , Desvilettes Christian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn temperate low‐order streams and rivers, the macroinvertebrate community has a key role in the flow of matter and energy. Despite its relative scarcity, in‐stream primary producers have a high functional importance for the macroinvertebrates as the main source of Long‐Chained PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids (LC‐PUFAs), essential biochemical compounds for macroinvertebrates fitness. Among these primary producers, the trophic role of microalgae in periphytic biofilms has been largely studied over the last decades, while macroalgae (Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta) have been neglected or even ignored. We call for future studies quantifying macroalgal species and production in streams, their biochemical composition, as well as their nutritional value for stream invertebrates to assess their potential trophic role in stream food webs. Our literature review indicates that macroalgae can be seasonally and locally abundant in freshwater streams and that they are frequently found in the guts of numerous macroinvertebrate taxa. From a biochemical perspective, the macroalgal species studied are rich in LC‐PUFAs, particularly in Arachidonic Acid (ARA), an omega‐6 fatty acid, contrasting with periphytic biofilms, which are rich in the omega‐3 series, especially Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Consuming Rhodophyta and Ochrophyta macroalgae as a complementary resource could enable stream invertebrates to optimize their dietary EPA : ARA ratio.
Lettre International contra Sinn und Form. Über Geld und Regeln
Authors: Hagenhoff Svenja 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
In demokratisch geprägten Gesellschaften gelten Literatur und Medien als wertvolle Güter der Öffentlichkeit, denen positive Auswirkungen für souveränes Handeln aufgeklärter Bürgerinnen und Bürger zugeschrieben werden. Aus diesem Grund können staatliche, demokratisch kontrollierte Eingriffe in die Ermöglichungsbedingungen und die Funktionsweise des Systems der öffentlichen literarischen Kommunikation legitimiert sein. Die Buchpreisbindung (z. B. BRD, Österreich) oder der reduzierte Mehrwertsteuersatz für Schriftmedien (z. B. BRD, Österreich, Schweiz) sind Beispiele für stützende Eingriffe in das ansonsten freie Marktgeschehen. Als besonders schwerwiegender und auch hürdenreicher Eingriff in Medienmärkte gilt in Deutschland die direkte Subvention, also das Bereitstellen von Steuergeldern, was z. B. in der Filmförderung auf Basis eines eigenen Gesetzes praktiziert wird. Diese Studie untersucht am Beispiel des Falls der Zeitschriften Lettre International und Sinn und Form die finanziellen Ermöglichungs- und Gelingensbedingungen der literarischen Kommunikation im periodischen Medium der Literatur- und Kulturzeitschrift. Ausgangspunkt der Analyse ist ein Konflikt um die Legitimität oder Nicht-Legitimität von Corona-Hilfen. Darauf aufbauend stellt sich die grundsätzliche Frage danach, wie mediale Artefakte der literarischen Kommunikation finanziert werden und mit welcher Begründung Steuergelder zum Einsatz kommen oder nicht. Die Fallstudie zeigt, wie finanzielle Regulierungen darauf wirken, ob spezifische Formen literarischer Öffentlichkeit überhaupt hergestellt werden können. Dabei wird deutlich, dass eine differenzierte wissenschaftliche sowie auch gesellschaftliche Diskussion um die (bundesrepublikanische) Praxis der finanziellen Förderung bisher kaum stattgefunden haben.