bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining molecular testing and the Bethesda category III:VI ratio for thyroid fine‐needle aspirates: A quality‐assurance metric for evaluating diagnostic performance in a cytopathology laboratory
Authors: Gokozan Hamza N. , Dilcher Thomas L. , Alperstein Susan A. , Qiu Yuqing , Mostyka Maria , Scognamiglio Theresa , Solomon James P. , Song Wei , Rennert Hanna , Beg Shaham , Stern Evan , Goyal Abha , Siddiqui Momin T. , Heymann Jonas J. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMolecular testing (MT) of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA)‐derived genetic material is commonly used to assess malignancy risk for indeterminate cases. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBS) provides limited guidance for the appropriate use of category III (atypia of undetermined significance [AUS]). The authors combined MT with cytomorphology to monitor AUS diagnoses in a cytopathology laboratory.MethodsNeoplasia‐associated genetic alterations (NGAs) were determined by MT of preoperative FNA biopsies or resected malignancies and were categorized as BRAF V600E mutations, RAS‐like mutations (HRAS, NRAS, or KRAS mutations or non‐V600E BRAF mutations), or other mutations.ResultsAmong 7382 thyroid FNA biopsies, the AUS rate was 9.3% overall and ranged from 4.3% to 24.2% among 6 cytopathologists (CPs) who evaluated >150 cases. The ratio of specimens falling into TBS category III to specimens falling into category VI (malignant) (the III:VI ratio) was 2.4 overall (range, 1.1‐8.1), and the ratio of specimens falling into TBS categories III and IV (follicular neoplasm or suspicious for follicular neoplasm) combined (III+IV) to specimens falling into category VI (the [III+IV]:VI ratio) was 2.9 overall (range, 1.4‐9.5). MT was performed on 588 cases from 560 patients (79% women) with a median age of 56 years (range, 8‐89 years). BRAF V600E mutation was the most common (76% of cases) in TBS category VI and was rare (3%) in category III. RAS‐like mutations were most common in TBS categories III (13%), IV (25%), and V (suspicious for malignancy) (17.5%). The NGA rate in AUS cases fell between 5% and 20% for 5 of 6 CPs and did not correlate with the III:VI ratio or the (III+IV):VI ratio.ConclusionsLack of correlation between the NGA rate and easily calculable diagnostic ratios enables the calibration of diagnostic thresholds, even for CPs who have normal metrics. Specifically, calculation of the NGA rate and the III:VI ratio may allow individual CPs to determine whether they are overcalling or undercalling cases that other CPs might otherwise recategorize.
Oriented Attachment: A Unique Mechanism for the Colloidal Synthesis of Metal Nanostructures
Authors: Chen Ruhui , Nguyen Quynh N. , Xia Younan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRational synthesis of nanostructures with desired properties critically depends on our understanding of the growth mechanism. In addition to the traditional mechanism involving atomic addition, oriented attachment (OA) has received increasing attention in recent years. Employing nanocrystallites as building blocks, OA offers an important route to anisotropic growth, inclusion of defects, and formation of nanostructures with branched morphology. With a focus on metals, here we offer a brief account of recent progress in understanding OA and how it can be adapted for the colloidal synthesis of nanostructures with diverse compositions and morphologies. We start with a discussion on the current understanding of OA based on computational simulations and experimental studies, followed by typical examples of metal nanostructures produced through OA. Finally, we showcase the catalytic and plasmonic applications enabled by those nanostructures, together with perspectives on the challenges and opportunities.
Solvent‐Induced Flower‐ and Cudgel‐Shaped Porous Organic Polymers: Effective Supports of Palladium Nanoparticles for Dehalogenation in Net Water
Authors: Xu Xiahong , Li Zhonglin , Sui Yan , Huang Wei , Chen Wentong , Li Xiaodan , Liu Dongsheng , Li Yuntong , Deng Fei , Zhou Gangyong , Zhong Lina , Zhong Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDehalogenation of aromatic halides is one of the most important reactions for detoxification of water ecosystems; at the same time the ability is inevitably tied to the dispersibility of catalyst in aqueous medium. Herein, we present aporous organic polymers containing hydrophilic urea groups (UPOPs) for effective immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (NPs) through a facile urea‐forming condensation reaction. The urea groups not only serve as an intriguing linkage of organic framework, but also endows Pd@UPOPs outstanding dispersibility in H2O. The morphology of UPOPs have exerted important influence upon the size and dispersion of palladium NPs as well as their catalytic performances. The palladium NPs are well dispersed on the surface of UPOP‐1 with an average size of 2.1±0.3 nm. In contrast, palladium NPs on UPOP‐2 exhibit a dual size distribution with an average diameter of 2.0±0.4 and 4.2±0.4 nm. The dehalogenation reactions of chlorobenzene have demonstrated that Pd@UPOP‐1 with flower‐shaped morphology show higher catalytic activity, recyclability and stability than that of Pd@UPOP‐2 with cudgel‐shaped morphology. This work offers/supplies a new insight for the development of efficient catalytic systems based on porous organic polymers supported metal NPs in aqueous medium.
Genetic variation in agronomic traits of Erianthus germplasm under multiple‐ratoon crops in Thailand
Authors: Terajima Yoshifumi , Ponragdee Werapon , Sansayawichai Taksina , Tippayawat Amarawan , Chanachai Sangdaun , Ebina Masumi , Sugimoto Akira , Takagi Hiroko , Hayashi Hisayoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractErianthus species have potential as breeding materials for sugarcane and as a biomass crop for fiber production. However, limited information about their genetic variation in agronomic traits hinders their practical utilization. Thus, in this study, we evaluated genetic variation and genetic correlations among 11 agronomic traits in plants grown as multiple‐ratoon crops (plant crop to the third ratoon crop) for 98 clones of E. arundinaceus and 32 clones of E. procerus collected across Thailand. Among the clones tested, large genetic variation was observed in the 4‐yr average, range, and genetic coefficient of variation of dry matter yield for both E. arundinaceus (12.1, 2.2 to 30.6 kg stool−1, and 41.7%, respectively) and E. procerus (8.0, 2.7 to 16.3 kg stool−1, and 25.5%, respectively). Many clones provided better dry matter yield and lower yield reductions in ratoon crops than a sugarcane cultivar (Saccharum spp. hybrid, 5.2 kg stool−1) and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum, 6.6 kg stool−1). Genetic variation was observed for stalk number, stalk length, stalk diameter, single stalk weight, Brix, dry matter content, and proportions of both pith and stem parts in stalks, which are important traits in sugarcane breeding. The dry matter yield showed the highest genetic correlation with stalk number (.958 in E. arundinaceus and .700 in E. procerus). Based on the results, clones with various combinations of advantageous traits were identified as promising genetic resources. These results provide important agronomic information that can be used to exploit this Erianthus germplasm for sugarcane improvement and fiber production in Thailand.
Multicellular mechanochemical hybrid cellular Potts model of tissue formation during epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Hirway Shreyas U. , Lemmon Christopher A. , Weinberg Seth H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the transdifferentiation of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype, in which cells lose epithelial‐like cell–cell adhesions and gain mesenchymal‐like enhanced contractility and mobility. EMT is crucial for tissue regeneration and is also implicated in pathological conditions, such as cancer metastasis. Prior work has shown that transforming growth factor‐1 (TGF‐1) is a potent inducer of this biological process. In this study, we develop a computational model coupling mechanical and biochemical signaling in a multicellular tissue undergoing EMT. Specifically, we utilize a recently developed formulation that integrates a multicellular cellular Potts model (CPM), a lattice‐based stochastic model governing cell movement; a first moment of area model, governing cellular traction and junctional forces; a finite element model, which defines extracellular matrix (ECM) substrate strains; an intracellular signaling TGF‐1‐mediated EMT model that governs cellular phenotype; and an extracellular signaling component governing ECM and TGF‐1 signaling. In this study, we modeled the spatial cellular patterns that occur in tissue and the ECM during EMT. Our model predicts that EMT often initially occurs at a tissue boundary due to mechanochemical coupling, which results in transdifferentiation to progress inwards toward the center. Variation in model parameters demonstrated conditions enhancing and suppressing EMT, especially to drive EMT in the absence of TGF‐1 and inhibit EMT in the presence of TGF‐1. Specifically, enhancing the mechanochemical feedback typically promoted EMT, whereas greater assembled ECM degradation suppressed EMT. Simulated scratch test experiments illustrate that ECM composition can impact closure directly through EMT signaling. In conclusion, we integrated mechanical, biochemical, and extracellular signaling networks in a novel hybrid computational model to reproduce tissue formation dynamics of EMT.
Acetylene/Vinylene‐Bridged π‐Conjugated Covalent Triazine Polymers for Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation Reactions under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Lan Xingwang , Wang Juan , Li Qing , Wang Aiqing , Zhang Yize , Yang Xianheng , Bai Guoyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven photocatalytic chemical transformation provides a sustainable strategy to produce valuable feedstock, but designing photocatalysts with high efficiency remains challenging. Herein, two acetylene‐ or vinylene‐bridged π‐conjugated covalent triazine polymers, A‐CTP‐DPA and V‐CTP‐DPE, were successfully fabricated toward metal‐free photocatalytic oxidation under visible light irradiation. Compared to the one without acetylene or vinylene bridge, both resulting polymers exhibited superior activity in photocatalytic selective oxidation of sulfides and oxidative coupling of amines; in particular, A‐CTP‐DPA delivered an optimal photocatalytic performance. The superior activity was attributed to the broadened spectral response range, effective separation, rapid transportation of photogenerated charge carriers, and abundant active sites for photogenerated electrons due to the existence of the acetylene bridge in the framework. This work highlights the potential of acetylene and vinylene bridges in tuning catalytic efficiency of organic semiconductors, providing a guideline for the design of efficient photocatalysts.
Solar Water Splitting Using Earth‐Abundant Electrocatalysts Driven by High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Ren Dan , Zhang Hong , Bahadar Khan Sher , Alamry Khalid A , Marwani Hadi M. , Sherjeel Javed Khan Mohammad , Adeosun Waheed A. , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrogen is considered as the “holy grail” for the energy community. One of the most promising strategies to produce hydrogen is to split water using renewable energy such as solar radiation. The abundance of water and solar energy enables the potential of scaling‐up of this new technology, if suitable electrocatalysts and solar cells are developed. In this work, a series of materials made of earth‐abundant elements was investigated for hydrogen evolution or oxygen evolution reaction. Among the developed catalysts, MoS2 and NiFe showed the best activities for proton reduction and water oxidation, respectively. These catalysts were further integrated into an alkaline electrolyzer, which delivered a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.9 V for water splitting. Using two in‐series‐connected perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as a power source, a remarkable solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 12.67 % was achieved in an alkaline electrolyzer with a partial current density of 10.3 mA cm−2 for hydrogen production. The usage of earth‐abundant catalysts in this study, together with the employment of low‐cost perovskite light absorber, shows the potential of scaling up this type of photovoltaic electrolyzer for sustainable hydrogen production.
Aerobic training reduces pancreatic fat content and improves β‐cell function: A randomized controlled trial using IDEAL‐IQ magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Min , Zheng Qidong , Miller Joshua D. , Zuo Panpan , Yuan Xiaodan , Feng Jitao , Liu Chao , Bao Shan , Lou Qingqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the effects of six months of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise on pancreatic fat content and its impact on β‐cell function.Materials and MethodsA total of 106 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to either a moderate‐intensity aerobic training group (three times a week, including 5 min warm‐up, 50 min aerobic dancing, and 5 min relaxation, n = 53) or control group (n = 53) with 6‐month intervention. The primary endpoint was change in pancreatic fat content. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was conducted.ResultsEighty‐six patients completed the study with 43 patients in the aerobic training group. The average age, HbA1c, and pancreatic fat content for all participants (106 patients) were 66.39 ± 5.59 years, 7.05 ± 1.24%, and 10.35 ± 9.20%, respectively. Nearly half (49.06%) of patients were males. Subjects in the aerobic training group saw a significant reduction in pancreatic fat content when compared to controls (p = 0.001). In logistic regression models containing age, diabetes duration, change in BMI, smoking/drinking status, changes in lipid indices, and other abdominal fat content, only reduction in pancreatic fat content (p < 0.05) was an independent protective factor for β‐cell function and HbA1c.ConclusionsSix months of moderate‐intensity aerobic training significantly reduced the pancreatic fat content. The reduction of pancreatic fat content was an independent protective factor for β‐cell function and HbA1c.
Testing the effectiveness of genetic monitoring using genetic non‐invasive sampling
Authors: Schultz Anthony James , Strickland Kasha , Cristescu Romane H. , Hanger Jonathan , de Villiers Deidre , Frère Céline H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEffective conservation requires accurate data on population genetic diversity, inbreeding, and genetic structure. Increasingly, scientists are adopting genetic non‐invasive sampling (gNIS) as a cost‐effective population‐wide genetic monitoring approach. gNIS has, however, known limitations which may impact the accuracy of downstream genetic analyses. Here, using high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from blood/tissue sampling of a free‐ranging koala population (n = 430), we investigated how the reduced SNP panel size and call rate typical of genetic non‐invasive samples (derived from experimental and field trials) impacts the accuracy of genetic measures, and also the effect of sampling intensity on these measures. We found that gNIS at small sample sizes (14% of population) can provide accurate population diversity measures, but slightly underestimated population inbreeding coefficients. Accurate measures of internal relatedness required at least 33% of the population to be sampled. Accurate geographic and genetic spatial autocorrelation analysis requires between 28% and 51% of the population to be sampled. We show that gNIS at low sample sizes can provide a powerful tool to aid conservation decision‐making and provide recommendations for researchers looking to apply these techniques to free‐ranging systems.
Effect of landiolol in patients with tachyarrhythmias and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF): a case series
Authors: Ditali Valentina , Garatti Laura , Morici Nuccia , Villanova Luca , Colombo Claudia , Oliva Fabrizio , Sacco Alice 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTachycardia and rapid tachyarrhythmias are common in acute clinical settings and may hasten the deterioration of haemodynamics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), treated with inotropes. The concomitant use of a short‐acting β1‐selective beta‐blocker, such as landiolol, could rapidly and safely restore an adequate heart rate without any negative inotropic effect. We present a case series of five patients with left ventricular dysfunction, admitted to our Intensive Cardiac Care Unit with ADHF deteriorated to cardiogenic shock, treated with a combination of landiolol and inotropes. Landiolol was effective in terms of rate control and haemodynamics optimization, enabling de‐escalation of catecholamine dosing in all patients. The infusion was always well tolerated without hypotension. In conclusion, a continuous infusion of a low dose of landiolol (3–16 mcg/kg/min) to manage tachycardia and ventricular or supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in haemodynamically unstable patients may be considered.
Multi‐objective optimization and decision‐making of the combined control law of guide vane and pressure regulating valve for hydroelectric unit
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Zhou Jianzhong , Yang Xin , Li Honghui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper aimed to investigate the multi‐objective optimization and decision‐making of the combined control law of guide vane (CCLGV) and pressure regulating valve (PRV) for hydroelectric unit under load rejection. Firstly, the multi‐objective optimization problem of CCLGV‐PRV is formulated. Then, a new multi‐objective gravitation search algorithm with non‐dominated screening and chaos mutation (NCMOGSA) is adopted to solve it. Moreover, an improved entropy weight method and relative objective proximity method are applied to select suitable solution. Finally, a comprehensive comparative study is carried out to reveal the mechanism between the CCLGV‐PRV and several basic parameters. The results indicate that replacing surge tank with PRV can effectively solve the contradictory between water pressure at the bottom of volute and rotational speed under load rejection. The NCMOGSA shows excellent performance in solving the multi‐objective optimization problem of CCLGV‐PRV and get a group of Pareto set. The improved entropy weight and relative objective proximity method make the final scheme clear. The rise rate of rotational speed is completely determined by the guide vane (GV), and the water pressure is jointly determined by the control law of the GV and PRV. The two‐stage closing and two‐stage opening (TCTO) is the final recommendation for CCLGV‐PRV.
Schiff‐bases for sustainable battery and supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Troschke Erik , Oschatz Martin , Ilic Ivan K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe quest for more efficient ways to store electrical energy prompted the development of different storage devices over the last decades. This includes but is not limited to different battery concepts and supercapacitors. However, modern batteries rely on electrochemical principles that often involve transition metals which can for instance suffer from toxicity or limited availability. More sustainable alternatives are needed. This sparked the search for organic electrode materials. Nevertheless, compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic electrode materials remain less intensely investigated. Besides the often more complicated electrochemical principles, one likely reason for that are the complex synthetic skills required to develop novel organic materials. Here we review materials synthesized by an old and comparably simple reaction from the field of organic chemistry, namely Schiff‐base formation. This reaction can often yield materials under relatively mild conditions, making them especially interesting for the formation of sustainable electrodes. The main weakness of Schiff‐base materials, susceptibility to hydrolysis, is of limited concern in most of the battery systems as they mostly anyways require water‐free conditions. This review gives an overview of some selected nanomaterials obtained from Schiff‐base formation as well as their carbonized derivatives which are of interest for energy storage. Firstly, the general chemistry of Schiff‐bases is introduced, followed by an in‐depth survey of the most important breakthroughs in the formation of organic battery electrodes that involve materials based on Schiff‐base reaction. Lastly, an outlook considering the main hurdles as well as future perspectives of this research area is given.
Starch composition and functional properties of raw and pretreated anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) tuber flours dried at different temperatures
Authors: Bikila Adugna Mosissa , Tola Yetenayet Bekele , Esho Tarekegn Berhanu , Forsido Sirawdink Fikreyesus , Mijena Desta Fekadu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) is an indigenous tuber crop produced in southwest part of Ethiopia. As an indigenous and underutilized tuber, limited scientific information is available about the characteristics of dried anchote powder. In this study, attempts were made to investigate the starch composition and functional properties of flours produced from the raw and pretreated tuber dried at different temperatures (60, 80, and 100°C). The results showed that both pretreatment and drying temperature significantly (p < .05) affected the amylose/amylopectin ratio, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), swelling power (SP), total polyphenols content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The treatment combinations result in varied ranges of pH (5.70–6.47), TSS (5.37–10.8 °Brix), WAC (2.42–4.21 g/g), OAC (0.94–1.44 g/g), WAI (3.40–5.42 g/g), WSI (11.40%–20.37%), SP (4.56–7.20 g/g), foaming capacity (FC) (3.31%–33.33%), foam stability (FS) (1.89%–20.00%), amylose content (AC) (14.18%–36.11% ), TPC (0.22–0.80 mg GAE/g), and TFC content (0.12–0.44 mg CE/g). The blanched and boiled anchote flours dried at relatively lower drying temperature exhibited better WAC, SP, and WAI than the raw. Considering the determined parameters, the flour from the tuber can be used as an ingredient in different food formulations.