bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does DICOM support big data management? Investigating its use in medical imaging community
Authors: Aiello Marco , Esposito Giuseppina , Pagliari Giulio , Borrelli Pasquale , Brancato Valentina , Salvatore Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe diagnostic imaging field is experiencing considerable growth, followed by increasing production of massive amounts of data. The lack of standardization and privacy concerns are considered the main barriers to big data capitalization. This work aims to verify whether the advanced features of the DICOM standard, beyond imaging data storage, are effectively used in research practice. This issue will be analyzed by investigating the publicly shared medical imaging databases and assessing how much the most common medical imaging software tools support DICOM in all its potential. Therefore, 100 public databases and ten medical imaging software tools were selected and examined using a systematic approach. In particular, the DICOM fields related to privacy, segmentation and reporting have been assessed in the selected database; software tools have been evaluated for reading and writing the same DICOM fields. From our analysis, less than a third of the databases examined use the DICOM format to record meaningful information to manage the images. Regarding software, the vast majority does not allow the management, reading and writing of some or all the DICOM fields. Surprisingly, if we observe chest computed tomography data sharing to address the COVID-19 emergency, there are only two datasets out of 12 released in DICOM format. Our work shows how the DICOM can potentially fully support big data management; however, further efforts are still needed from the scientific and technological community to promote the use of the existing standard, encouraging data sharing and interoperability for a concrete development of big data analytics.
Sex differences in the expression of the endocannabinoid system within V1M cortex and PAG of Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Levine Aidan , Liktor-Busa Erika , Lipinski Austin A. , Couture Sarah , Balasubramanian Shreya , Aicher Sue A. , Langlais Paul R. , Vanderah Todd W. , Largent-Milnes Tally M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Several chronic pain disorders, such as migraine and fibromyalgia, have an increased prevalence in the female population. The underlying mechanisms of this sex-biased prevalence have yet to be thoroughly documented, but could be related to endogenous differences in neuromodulators in pain networks, including the endocannabinoid system. The cellular endocannabinoid system comprises the endogenous lipid signals 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) and AEA (anandamide); the enzymes that synthesize and degrade them; and the cannabinoid receptors. The relative prevalence of different components of the endocannabinoid system in specific brain regions may alter responses to endogenous and exogenous ligands.

Methods
Brain tissue from naïve male and estrous staged female Sprague Dawley rats was harvested from V1M cortex, periaqueductal gray, trigeminal nerve, and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Tissue was analyzed for relative levels of endocannabinoid enzymes, ligands, and receptors via mass spectrometry, unlabeled quantitative proteomic analysis, and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Mass spectrometry revealed significant differences in 2-AG and AEA concentrations between males and females, as well as between female estrous cycle stages. Specifically, 2-AG concentration was lower within female PAG as compared to male PAG (*p = 0.0077); female 2-AG concentration within the PAG did not demonstrate estrous stage dependence. Immunohistochemistry followed by proteomics confirmed the prevalence of 2-AG-endocannabinoid system enzymes in the female PAG.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that sex differences exist in the endocannabinoid system in two CNS regions relevant to cortical spreading depression (V1M cortex) and descending modulatory networks in pain/anxiety (PAG). These basal differences in endogenous endocannabinoid mechanisms may facilitate the development of chronic pain conditions and may also underlie sex differences in response to therapeutic intervention.
Association between preoperative serum homocysteine and delayed neurocognitive recovery after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Feng , Sun Qing-Chun , Xu Yi-Fan , Ding Ke , Dong Meng-Meng , Han Liu , Abdul-Mannan  , Han Yuan , Cao Jun-Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHomocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12involved in 1-carbon metabolism are associated with cognitive disorders. We sought to investigate the relationships between these factors and delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) after non-cardiac surgery.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients (n= 175) who were ≥ 60 years of age undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and for 1 week postoperatively by using neuropsychological tests and were divided into dNCR or non-dNCR groups according to aZ-score ≤ − 1.96 on at least two of the tests. The relationship between the occurrence of dNCR and preoperative levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12was analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with dNCR.ResultsDelayed neurocognitive recovery was observed in 36 of 175 patients (20.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5–26.6%) 1 week postoperatively. Patients who developed dNCR had significantly higher median [interquartile range (IQR)] homocysteine concentrations (12.8 [10.9,14.4] μmol/L vs 10.6 [8.6,14.7] μmol/L;P= 0.02) and lower folate concentrations (5.3 [4.2,7.3] ng/mL vs 6.9 [5.3,9.5] ng/mL;P= 0.01) than those without dNCR. Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest homocysteine tertile predicted dNCR onset (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% CI, 1. 3 to 11.6;P= 0.02), even after adjusting for age, sex, education, and baseline Mini Mental State Examination.ConclusionsElderly patients with high homocysteine levels who underwent general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery have an increased risk of dNCR. This knowledge could potentially assist in the development of preventative and/or therapeutic measures.Trial registrationNCT03084393(https://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Management of donations of personal protective equipment in response to the massive shortage during the COVID-19 health crisis: providing quality equipment to health care workers
Authors: Cambien Guillaume , Guihenneuc Jérémy , Fouassin Xavier , Castel Olivier , Bousseau Anne , Ayraud-Thevenot Sarah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
In the COVID-19 pandemic context, a massive shortage of personal protective equipment occurred. To increase the available stocks, several countries appealed for donations from individuals or industries. While national and international standards to evaluate personal protective equipment exist, none of the previous research studied how to evaluate personal protective equipment coming from donations to healthcare establishments. Our aim was to evaluate the quality and possible use of the personal protective equipment donations delivered to our health care establishment in order to avoid a shortage and to protect health care workers throughout the COVID-19 crisis.

Methods
Our intervention focused on evaluation of the quality of donations for medical use through creation of a set of assessment criteria and analysis of the economic impact of these donations.

Results
Between 20th March 2020 and 11th May 2020, we received 239 donations including respirators, gloves, coveralls, face masks, gowns, hats, overshoes, alcohol-based hand rubs, face shields, goggles and aprons. A total of 448,666 (86.3%) products out of the 519,618 initially received were validated and distributed in health care units, equivalent to 126 (52.7%) donations out of the 239 received. The budgetary value of the validated donations was 32,872 euros according to the pre COVID-19 prices and 122,178 euros according to the current COVID-19 prices, representing an increase of 371.7%.

Conclusions
By ensuring a constant influx of personal protective equipment and proper stock management, shortages were avoided. Procurement and distribution of controlled and validated personal protective equipment is the key to providing quality care while guaranteeing health care worker safety.
Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is necessary for orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth
Authors: Echeverri Ruiz Nancy P. , Mohan Vijay , Wu Jinghai , Scott Sabina , Kreamer McKenzie , Benej Martin , Golias Tereza , Papandreou Ioanna , Denko Nicholas C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) plays a central role in carbohydrate metabolism, linking cytoplasmic glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. PDC is a conserved E1-E2-E3 dehydrogenase with a PDHA1 and PDHB heterotetramer functioning as the E1 subunit. PDHA1 contains three serine residues that can be reversibly phosphorylated by a dedicated family of four inhibitory pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDHK1–4) and two reactivating phosphatases (PDP1, 2). Hypoxia induces the expression of PDHK1 and PDHK3 and hyperphosphorylates PDHA1. The role of PDC in metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression appears to be for the integration of oncogenic and environmental signals which supports tumor growth.

Methods
To isolate the function of the serine-dependent regulation of PDC, we engineered MiaPaca2 cells to express PDHA1 protein with either intact serines at positions 232, 293, and 300 or all the combinations of non-phosphorylatable alanine substitution mutations. These lines were compared in vitro for biochemical response to hypoxia by western blot, metabolic activity by biochemical assay and Seahorse XF flux analysis, and growth in media with reduced exogenous metabolites. The lines were also tested for growth in vivo after orthotopic injection into the pancreata of immune-deficient mice.

Results
In this family of cells with non-phosphorylatable PDHA1, we found reduced hypoxic phosphorylation of PDHA1, decreased PDH enzymatic activity in normoxia and hypoxia, decreased mitochondrial function by Seahorse flux assay, reduced in vitro growth of cells in media depleted of lipids, and reduced growth of tumors after orthotopic transplantation of cells into the pancreata of immune-deficient mice.

Conclusions
We found that any substitution of alanine for serine at regulatory sites generated a hypomorphic PDC. However, the reduced PDC activity was insensitive to further reduction in hypoxia. These cells had a very modest reduction of growth in vitro, but failed to grow as tumors indicating that dynamic PDC adaptation to microenvironmental conditions is necessary to support pancreatic cancer growth in vivo.
Conceptualization of a new generation of smart energy systems and the transition toward them using anticipatory systems
Authors: Darani Zahra Heidari , Taheri Demne Mohsen , Zanjirani Darush Mohammadi , Zackery Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmerging energy systems are inherently different from their conventional counter-parts. To address all issues of these systems, comprehensive approaches of transdisciplinary and post-normal sciences are needed. This article tries to re-conceptualize emerging energy systems using Robert Rosen’s theory of anticipatory system and introduces the concept of the anticipatory smart energy system (ASES). Three important features of an ASES are described and socio-technical considerations for realization of these features are discussed. The article also considers realization of such systems under society 5.0 paradigm and spime techno-culture. In ASESs, the identity of users evolves and new identities are created for energy users, based on the production, consumption, storage, and distributed management of energy. An Anticipatory energy system can manage a common pool of prosumaging.
Effectiveness of a health promotion intervention to address determinants of child neglect in a disadvantaged community in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnayake Nadeeka , De Silva Weliange Shreenika , Guruge G. N. Duminda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Child neglect is a form of child maltreatment and it is a neglected area of research. As similar to other forms of maltreatment, neglect also results in negative health outcomes for children. Child neglect is concentrated in disadvantaged communities. The community-centered health promotion approach empowers communities to identify and address determinants of perceived health issues. This study aimed to implement a health promotion intervention to enable a disadvantaged community to address determinants of child neglect and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study design was used. Two disadvantaged communities in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka with similar socio-demographic characteristics were purposively selected as the experimental and control study settings. The mothers who have at least one child in the age range 5–18 years were included in the sample. The sample included 42 mothers from the experimental group and 44 mothers from the control group. The elder children of mothers in the experimental group were selected to be the agents of change. A health promotion intervention was implemented only with the experimental setting. The steps of the intervention included; (1) identifying prevention of child neglect as a goal, (2) understanding the determinants, (3) analyzing determinants and identifying actions and (4) implementing and modifying the actions. The total study duration was 1 year, with the intervention taking an average of 6 months. Data were collected at both pre and post-intervention phases from mothers and children through interviewer-administered questionnaires.

Results
Mothers of the experimental group improved their knowledge on child neglect significantly in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). In the post-intervention phase, there were significant differences in attitudes related to child neglect between experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Following the health promotion intervention, mothers of the experimental group had significantly improved their practices related to the safety, education, nutrition of children, relationships with the child and social support for child caring (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group.

Conclusions
The health promotion intervention was effective in addressing the selected determinants of child neglect in a disadvantaged community. Children could act as active agents of change to deliver the interventions to their mothers (perpetrators).
Impact of a Palliative Care Nurse Practitioner in an Oncology Clinic: A Quality Improvement Effort
Authors: D'Ambruoso Sarah F. , Glaspy John A. , Hurvitz Sara A. , Wenger Neil S. , Pietras Christopher , Ahmed Kauser , Drakaki Alexandra , Goldman Jonathan Wade , Anand Sidharth , Simon Wendy , Kung Jennie , Coscarelli Anne , Rosen Lee S. , Peddi Parvin F. , Wong Deborah J. L. , Santos Katherine , Phung Peter , Karlin Daniel , Walling Anne M. 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: Guidelines support early integration of palliative care (PC) into standard oncology practice; however, little is known as to whether outcomes can be improved by modifying health care delivery in a real-world setting. METHODS: We report our 6-year experience of embedding a nurse practitioner in an oncology clinic (March 2014-March 2020) to integrate early, concurrent advance care planning and PC. RESULTS: Compared with patients with advanced cancer not enrolled in the palliative care nurse practitioner program, in March 2020, patients who are enrolled are more likely to have higher quality of PC (eg, goals of care note documentation [82% v 15%; P < .01], referral to the psychosocial oncology program [67% v 37%; P < .01], and referral to hospice [61% v 34%; P < .01]) and less inpatient utilization in the last 6 months of life (eg, hospital days [12 v 18; P < .01] and intensive care unit days [1.2 v 2.3; P < .01]). The program expanded over time with the support of faculty skills training for advance care planning and PC, supporting a shared mental model of PC delivery within the oncology clinic. CONCLUSION: Embedding a trained palliative care nurse practitioner in oncology clinics to deliver early integrated PC can lead to improved quality of care for patients with advanced cancer.
“Más agresivos y más revolucionarios”: Los límites y el agotamiento de la “revolución democristiana” en América Central, 1961–1974
Authors: Véliz Estrada Rodrigo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEl objetivo de este trabajo es comparar y entender las trayectorias, las interacciones y los límites de las estrategias políticas de los partidos de Democracia Cristiana en Guatemala, El Salvador y Nicaragua en su etapa progresista (1961-74). Los nuevos estudios sobre la Guerra Fría en América Latina han dejado de lado a un actor clave: los partidos políticos institucionales, que en la década de los sesenta fueron centrales para orientar los deseos de cambio por medio del Estado y no a través de la violencia. Las estrategias democristianas en América Central ofrecen además una oportunidad para comprender el papel de la correlación de fuerzas en el nivel nacional e internacional durante la Guerra Fría, que abrió y cerró ventanas de oportunidad para dichas estrategias. El artículo se basa en archivos diplomáticos de Estados Unidos y México para los tres países, y se complementa con entrevistas y fuentes locales para el caso guatemalteco.
The tumor-suppressive long noncoding RNA DRAIC inhibits protein translation and induces autophagy by activating AMPK
Authors: Saha Shekhar , Zhang Ying , Wilson Briana , Abounader Roger , Dutta Anindya 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins and have been shown to play a major role in cellular processes through diverse mechanisms. DRAIC, a lncRNA that is downregulated in castration-resistant advanced prostate cancer, inhibits the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the IκBα kinase. Decreased DRAIC expression predicted poor patient outcome in gliomas and seven other cancers. We now report that DRAIC suppresses invasion, migration, colony formation and xenograft growth of glioblastoma-derived cell lines. DRAIC activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by downregulating the NF-κB target gene GLUT1, and thus represses mTOR, leading to downstream effects, such as a decrease in protein translation and increase in autophagy. DRAIC, therefore, has an effect on multiple signal transduction pathways that are important for oncogenesis, namely, the NF-κB pathway and AMPK–mTOR–S6K/ULK1 pathway. The regulation of NF-κB, protein translation and autophagy by the same lncRNA explains the tumor-suppressive role of DRAIC in different cancers and reinforces the importance of lncRNAs as emerging regulators of signal transduction pathways.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Climbing parrots achieve pitch stability using forces and free moments produced by axial–appendicular couples
Authors: Reader Lindsey L. , Carrier David R. , Goller Franz , Isaacs Michael R. , Moore Crisp Alexis , Barnes Clinton J. , Lee David V. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
During vertical climbing, the gravitational moment tends to pitch the animal's head away from the climbing surface and this may be countered by (1) applying a correcting torque at a discrete contact point, or (2) applying opposing horizontal forces at separate contact points to produce a free moment. We tested these potential strategies in small parrots with an experimental climbing apparatus imitating the fine branches and vines of their natural habitat. The birds climbed on a vertical ladder with four instrumented rungs that measured three-dimensional force and torque, representing the first measurements of multiple contacts from a climbing bird. The parrots ascend primarily by pulling themselves upward using the beak and feet. They resist the gravitational pitching moment with a free moment produced by horizontal force couples between the beak and feet during the first third of the stride and the tail and feet during the last third of the stride. The reaction torque from individual rungs did not counter, but exacerbated the gravitational pitching moment, which was countered entirely by the free moment. Possible climbing limitations were explored using two different rung radii, each with low and high friction surfaces. Rung torque was limited in the large-radius, low-friction condition; however, rung condition did not significantly influence the free moments produced. These findings have implications for our understanding of avian locomotor modules (i.e. coordinated actions of the head–neck, hindlimbs and tail), the use of force couples in vertical locomotion, and the evolution of associated structures.
Subsurface swimming and stationary diving are metabolically cheap in adult Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)
Authors: Borque-Espinosa Alicia , Rode Karyn D. , Ferrero-Fernández Diana , Forte Anabel , Capaccioni-Azzati Romana , Fahlman Andreas 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Walruses rely on sea-ice to efficiently forage and rest between diving bouts while maintaining proximity to prime foraging habitat. Recent declines in summer sea ice have resulted in walruses hauling out on land where they have to travel farther to access productive benthic habitat while potentially increasing energetic costs. Despite the need to better understand the impact of sea ice loss on energy expenditure, knowledge about metabolic demands of specific behaviours in walruses is scarce. In the present study, 3 adult female Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) housed in professional care participated in flow-through respirometry trials to measure metabolic rates while floating inactive at the water surface during a minimum of 5 min, during a 180 s stationary dive, and while swimming ∼90 m horizontally underwater. Metabolic rates during stationary dives (3.82±0.56 l O2 min−1) were lower than those measured at the water surface (4.64±1.04 l O2 min−1), which did not differ from rates measured during subsurface swimming (4.91±0.77 l O2 min−1). Thus, neither stationary diving nor subsurface swimming resulted in metabolic rates above those exhibited by walruses at the water surface. These results suggest that walruses minimize their energetic investment during underwater behaviours as reported for other marine mammals. Although environmental factors experienced by free-ranging walruses (e.g. winds or currents) likely affect metabolic rates, our results provide important information for understanding how behavioural changes affect energetic costs and can be used to improve bioenergetics models aimed at predicting the metabolic consequences of climate change on walruses.