bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wintertime Variability of Currents in the Southwestern Taiwan Strait
Authors: Wang Li , Pawlowicz Rich , Wu Xiongbin , Yue Xianchang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 57‐days record of surface currents observed from high‐frequency radars on the Chinese coast, along with wind records, are analyzed to investigate wintertime variability of surface currents in the southwestern Taiwan Strait. The M2 tide dominates tidal variability, and the semimajor axes of semidiurnal tidal current ellipses coincide well with bathymetry contours suggesting interactions with a propagating tidal wave. However, phase progressions suggest that this wave undergoes an angular reflection near the Taiwan Bank (TWB). Diurnal currents are less correlated to bathymetry perhaps because many different diurnal tide waves interact here. Surface currents are strongly related to winds at subtidal frequencies. Subtidal along‐strait currents have a correlation of 0.8 with along‐strait winds. However, three different spatial current patterns appear depending on the strength of along‐strait winter monsoon. Downwind currents occur when northeasterly wind is stronger than 10 m s−1. For medium winds, a gradual change in the pattern of currents is observed, including an offshore flow north of the TWB. In low winds conditions, when winds can be either northeasterly or (sometimes) southwesterly, the eastward flow along the northern edge of the TWB increases to 20 cm s−1; elsewhere flow is to the northeast. This forms a counter‐wind current when winds are from the northeast. By investigating the momentum balance, we find that in along‐strait direction wind stress and pressure gradient are important over the TWB, and a geostrophic balance dominates north of bank. In the cross‐strait direction, momentum is dominated by a geostrophic balance over the entire region.
Future Changes in Early Spring Wind Speed and Surface Warming Acceleration in Snow‐Covered Areas
Authors: Nosaka M. , Kawase H. , Murata A. , Sasaki H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe use a convection‐permitting regional climate model to investigate the effect of reduced snow cover on near‐surface wind speeds over complex Japanese terrain under a global warming scenario. At synoptic scales, global warming weakens the winter monsoon, which in turn weakens near‐surface winds around Japan. Reductions in snow cover, which are driven by global warming, drive localized acceleration of rising surface temperatures and prevent the formation of a stable atmospheric boundary layer. Collapse of the stable layer drives an increase in near‐surface wind speed and air temperature. This effect is stronger at low elevations and in basins, but does not occur at high elevations where there is no stable layer under current climate conditions, despite increased ground warming because of reduced snow cover under global warming conditions. A strong, stable, near‐surface atmospheric layer under current climate conditions can therefore influence future changes in wind speed and surface air temperature in snow‐covered areas.
Mid‐ to Late Holocene Contraction of the Intertropical Convergence Zone Over Northeastern South America
Authors: Chiessi C. M. , Mulitza S. , Taniguchi N. K. , Prange M. , Campos M. C. , Häggi C. , Schefuß E. , Pinho T. M. L. , Frederichs T. , Portilho‐Ramos R. C. , Sousa S. H. M. , Crivellari S. , Cruz F. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModern precipitation over northeastern (NE) South America is strongly controlled by the seasonal meridional migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Ample evidence from the Northern Hemisphere suggests a mid‐ to late Holocene southward migration of the ITCZ. Such a shift would be expected to increase precipitation over semi‐arid northern NE Brazil (Southern Hemisphere). However, the most robust precipitation record from northern NE Brazil shows a drying trend throughout the Holocene. Here, we address this issue presenting a high‐temporal resolution reconstruction of precipitation over northern NE Brazil based on data from a marine sediment core, together with analyses of mid‐ and late Holocene simulations performed with the fully coupled climate model FGOALS‐s2. Both, our data and the climate model simulations show a decrease in precipitation over northern NE Brazil from the mid‐ to the late Holocene. The model outputs further indicate a latitudinal contraction of the seasonal migration range of the ITCZ that, together with an intensification of the regional Walker circulation, were responsible for the mid‐ to late Holocene changes in precipitation over NE South America. Our results reconcile apparently conflicting precipitation records and climate mechanisms used to explain changes in precipitation over NE South America.
Evaluation of Data Needs for Assessments of Aquifers Supporting Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: Bohling G. C. , Butler J. J. , Whittemore D. O. , Wilson B. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the primary means of addressing the depletion of aquifers supporting irrigated agriculture is to reduce pumping. In this work, we address the key question of how much data is needed to reliably predict the impact of pumping reductions. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of a simple water balance‐based approach for predicting the near‐term impact of changes in total pumping on changes in average water levels for areas ranging in size from 256 to 21,600 km2 in the High Plains aquifer (HPA) in the state of Kansas in the central U.S. This method shows considerable promise as a management tool in the Kansas HPA and potentially other highly stressed aquifers. However, one characteristic that sets the Kansas HPA apart from many other aquifers is an abundance of data on both water levels, from a decades‐old annual water level measurement program, and annual pumping volumes, due to reporting requirements and regulatory oversight. Most regions will have considerably less information. This study investigates the impact of more limited data availability through random subsampling of the water level and water use data sets from Groundwater Management District 4 (GMD4) in northwest Kansas and GMD5 in south‐central Kansas. The results indicate that accurate estimates of net inflow and specific yield, the key parameters needed to predict near‐term aquifer responses to proposed pumping reductions, can be obtained with much sparser water level and water use data than are available in the Kansas HPA, as long as the data are not systematically biased.
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Western Indian Ocean as a Trigger for Atlantic Niño Events
Authors: Liao Huaxia , Wang Chunzai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPacific El Niño and Atlantic Niño events represent prominent interannual climate fluctuations in tropical regions. Both of them have considerable impacts on the climate system and human livelihoods. The interaction between the Pacific El Niño and Atlantic Niño has received wide attention. Here, we use observations and numerical model experiments to show a new trigger from the western Indian Ocean (WIO) that can serve as a predictor for Atlantic Niño events. The warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the WIO alter the Walker circulation in the boreal winter, weaken the surface trade winds over the tropical Atlantic and favor an Atlantic Niño in the subsequent summer. These inter‐basin processes also affect the interaction between the Pacific El Niño and Atlantic Niño. The results imply that a better simulation of the WIO SST and its teleconnection may help to forecast Atlantic Niño events.
The Long‐Term Cooling Trend in East Antarctic Plateau Over the Past 2000 Years Is Only Robust Between 550 and 1550 CE
Authors: An Chunlei , Hou Shugui , Jiang Su , Li Yuansheng , Ma Tianming , Curran Mark A. J. , Pang Hongxi , Zhang Zhaoru , Zhang Wangbin , Yu Jinhai , Liu Ke , Shi Guitao , Ma Hongmei , Sun Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe uncertainties in Antarctic climate reconstructions due to scarcity of proxy records have restricted the understanding of mechanisms of climate change, and further hindered the improvement of climate models. Here, we provide a new climate record derived from water stable isotopes in a Dome A, East Antarctica ice core. Together with six other ice core records, the Dome A record is used to investigate temperature changes in East Antarctic Plateau (EAP) during period 1–1900 CE. Our results show that, a previously reported long‐term cooling trend in EAP during the recent (pre‐1900 CE) 1900 years is only robust between 550 and 1550 CE. A combination of solar and volcanic forcing may have induced the EAP centennial‐scale cold events, and further caused the long‐term cooling trend from 550 to 1550 CE with a small contribution from orbital forcing.
Photoionization Loss of Mercury's Sodium Exosphere: Seasonal Observations by MESSENGER and the THEMIS Telescope
Authors: Jasinski Jamie M. , Cassidy Timothy A. , Raines Jim M. , Milillo Anna , Regoli Leonardo H. , Dewey Ryan , Slavin James A. , Mangano Valeria , Murphy Neil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present the first investigation and quantification of the photoionization loss process to Mercury's sodium exosphere from spacecraft and ground‐based observations. We analyze plasma and neutral sodium measurements from NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft and the THEMIS telescope. We find that the sodium ion (Na+) content and therefore the significance of photoionization varies with Mercury's orbit around the Sun (i.e., true anomaly angle: TAA). Na+ production is affected by the neutral sodium solar‐radiation acceleration loss process. More Na+ was measured on the inbound leg of Mercury's orbit at 180°–360° TAA because less neutral sodium is lost downtail from radiation acceleration. Calculations using results from observations show that the photoionization loss process removes ∼1024 atoms/s from the sodium exosphere (maxima of 4 × 1024 atoms/s), showing that modeling efforts underestimate this loss process. This is an important result as it shows that photoionization is a significant loss process and larger than loss from radiation acceleration.
Analyzing the Thermodynamic Phase Partitioning of Mixed Phase Clouds Over the Southern Ocean Using Passive Satellite Observations
Authors: Coopman Q. , Hoose C. , Stengel M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamic phase transition of clouds is still not well understood, therefore, the partitioning of ice and liquid in mixed phase clouds is often misrepresented in numerical models. We use 12 years of cloud observations from the geostationary Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager over the Southern Ocean to detect clouds which contain both liquid and ice pixels at their tops and we retrieve microphysical and radiative properties in each cloud object. The results show that large cloud droplet effective radius coincides with high ice fraction and high ice optical thickness for cloud top temperatures higher than −8 °C. We also found that the density of ice pixel clusters increases with the cloud ice fraction, for ice fraction lower than 0.5, suggesting a multiplication of ice pockets in line with previous studies, particularly efficient for clouds with high perimeter fractal dimension.
Knowledge map visualization of technology hotspots and development trends in China’s textile manufacturing industry
Authors: Huang Ruihang , Yan Ping , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe knowledge map and visualization on the technological hotspots and the developmental trends of China’s textile manufacturing industry is investigated to understand the developmental frontiers of the textile manufacturing industry technology. This work contributes to the knowledge of research and development trends of the textile manufacturing and apparel industry in a macroscopic way. The Web of Science database and the core set of the Web of Science was explored and 2852 articles in the related fields are identified from 2010 to 2019. The scientific knowledge map of the textile manufacturing technology industry is explored using CiteSpace software. For the last decade, the developmental status, research hotspots and developmental trends of the textile manufacturing and apparel industry are analysed and summarised from the perspectives of key words, hot trends and core authors. The outcomes obtained reveal that in the past 10 years, through the analysis of the technical literature of the textile manufacturing industry, different perspectives were explored where the textile manufacturing industry develops from the initial textile manufacturing treatment. The decolourisation and removal of azo dyes and other traditional textile manufacturing to the composite materials, cotton fabrics leads to the improvement of textile manufacturing wastewater treatment. Currently, the textile manufacturing industry technology has gradually developed towards an intelligent knowledge visualization and decision support. Therefore, this work suggests the developmental directions of textile manufacturing from traditional to intelligent trends, further providing a reference for the later developmental trend and the dynamic planning of China’s textile manufacturing industry technology.
A parallel‐plate waveguide antenna radiating through a perfectly conducting wedge
Authors: Tsalamengas John L. , Vardiambasis Ioannis O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParallel‐plate waveguide antennas hosted in an electrically perfectly conducting wedge are studied. The analysis relies on an exact singular integral equation formulation. Asymptotic extraction techniques are employed to recast the kernel functions as the sum of two terms: one singular in closed form and another having the form of either a rapidly converging eigenfunctions expansion or a computationally efficient diffraction integral. The obtained integral equation is discretised in the framework of the Nystrom method using rapidly converging quadratures that take into account both the singularities of the kernels and the geometrical singularities at the edges. Numerical examples and case studies demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. The analysis covers the canonical problem of a parallel‐plate waveguide antenna backed on a perfectly conducting wedge as a special case.
Automatic pulse repetition pattern reconstruction of conventional radars
Authors: Liu Zhang‐Meng , Kang Shi‐Qian , Chai Xian‐Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSignals of radars with fixed, stagger and other conventional pulse repetition intervals (PRI) occupy a large proportion in most radar reconnaissance datasets. Automatic and accurate reconstruction of the PRI patterns of these radars is an important task in realizing intelligent processing of radar reconnaissance data. In order to address this problem, this article proposes an automatic method based on the extraction and extension of frequent differential time‐of‐arrival (DTOA) items, which can be combined with other pulse parameters such as pulse width. The values and ordering of the frequent items are determined to reconstruct a complete PRI cycle, and the radar pulses are deinterleaved at the same time as a by‐product. Compared with the commonly used one‐dimensional radar reconnaissance parameters such as framework PRI or typical PRI set, the reconstructed PRI pattern contains more information about radar operational modes and can be applied to realize online and parallel pulse deinterleaving and more accurate radar type classification.
Postoperative Dissoziation nach Totalem Kniegelenkersatz und ihr Einfluss auf den Schmerzverlauf
Authors: Frenzel Lydia , Vogel Matthias , Riediger Christian , Frommer Jörg , Lohmann Christoph , Illiger Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Trotz erfolgreicher Operation klagt ungefähr jeder Fünfte Patient nach einem Kniegelenkersatz fortwährend über chronische Schmerzen. Vorangegangene Studien diskutieren in diesem Zusammenhang, dass operative Eingriffe bei einigen Patienten postoperativen traumatischen Stress auslösen. In dieser explorativen Untersuchung soll festgestellt werden, ob nach Totalem Kniegelenkersatz postoperative Dissoziation als Ausdruck von postoperativen traumatischem Stress (neu)auftritt. Außerdem soll untersucht werden, ob diese Patienten nach einem Jahr häufiger chronische postoperative Schmerzen aufweisen und inwiefern sich der Schmerzverlauf zu den anderen Patienten unterscheidet.
Methodik Es wurden 201 Patienten untersucht, die eine primäre Knie-TEP erhielten. Sie beantworteten zu 3 Messzeitpunkten u. a. Fragebögen zu Knie-Schmerzen (WOMAC) und zur Feststellung von Dissoziation (FDS-20): 1 Tag präoperativ (T1), 10 Wochen postoperativ (T2) und 1 Jahr postoperativ (T3).
Ergebnisse In die Analysen wurden 145 Patienten eingeschlossen. Die Inzidenz von postoperativer Dissoziation beträgt 8,3%. Dabei berichten die Patienten mit postoperativer Dissoziation nicht nur häufiger über chronische postoperative Schmerzen nach einem Jahr (p=0,016), sondern der Schmerz reduziert sich postoperativ auch in einem geringerem Maß als bei den Patienten ohne postoperative Dissoziation (p=0,025).
Diskussion Die Befunde liefern Indizien dafür, dass postoperative Dissoziation als Ausdruck von postoperativem traumatischen Stress nach Totalem Kniegelenkersatz neuauftritt. Auch wenn Dissoziation kurzfristig ein Abwehrmechanismus zur Regulation von unerträglichen Affekten zu sein scheint, geht sie langfristig mit mehr chronischen postoperativen Schmerzen einher. Die Patienten mit postoperativer Dissoziation profitieren darüber hinaus weniger in einem 1-jährigen follow up von einem Totalem Kniegelenkersatz hinsichtlich der Schmerzreduktion.
Schlussfolgerung Strategien zur Verringerung der Dissoziation könnten zu stärkerer Schmerzreduktion nach Knie-TEP Implementierung führen und sollten in zukünftigen Interventionsstudien untersucht werden.
Lung Cancer Screening: Evidence, Risks, and Opportunities for Implementation
Authors: Tringali Giulia , Milanese Gianluca , Ledda Roberta Eufrasia , Pastorino Ugo , Sverzellati Nicola , Silva Mario 
Published: March 2021

Background Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Several trials with different screening approaches have recognized the role of lung cancer screening with low-dose CT for reducing lung cancer mortality. The efficacy of lung cancer screening depends on many factors and implementation is still pending in most European countries.
Methods This review aims to portray current evidence on lung cancer screening with a focus on the potential for opportunities for implementation strategies. Pillars of lung cancer screening practice will be discussed according to the most updated literature (PubMed search until November 16, 2020).
Results and Conclusion The NELSON trial showed reduction of lung cancer mortality, thus confirming previous results of independent European studies, notably by volume of lung nodules. Heterogeneity in patient recruitment could influence screening efficacy, hence the importance of risk models and community-based screening. Recruitment strategies develop and adapt continuously to address the specific needs of the heterogeneous population of potential participants, the most updated evidence comes from the UK. The future of lung cancer screening is a tailored approach with personalized continuous stratification of risk, aimed at reducing costs and risks.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Accuracy of Chest CT for Differentiating COVID-19 from COVID-19 Mimics
Authors: Sähn Marwin-Jonathan , Yüksel Can , Keil Sebastian , Zeisberger Marcel P. , Post Manuel , Kleines Michael , Brokmann Jörg Christian , Hübel Christian , Kuhl Christiane K. , Isfort Peter , Schulze-Hagen Maximilian Franz 
Published: March 2021

Purpose To determine the performance of radiologists with different levels of expertise regarding the differentiation of COVID-19 from other atypical pneumonias. Chest CT to identify patients suffering from COVID-19 has been reported to be limited by its low specificity for distinguishing COVID-19 from other atypical pneumonias (“COVID-19 mimics”). Meanwhile, the understanding of the morphologic patterns of COVID-19 has improved and they appear to be fairly specific.
Materials and Methods Between 02/2020 and 04/2020, 60 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia underwent chest CT in our department. Cases were matched with a comparable control group of 60 patients of similar age, sex, and comorbidities, who underwent chest CT prior to 01/2020 for atypical pneumonia caused by other pathogens. Included were other viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens. All 120 cases were blinded to patient history and were reviewed independently by two radiologists and two radiology residents. Readers rated the probability of COVID-19 pneumonia according to the COV-RADS classification system. Results were analyzed using Clopper-Pearson 95 % confidence intervals, Youden’s Index for test quality criteria, and Fleiss‘ kappa statistics.
Results Overall, readers were able to correctly identify the presence of COVID-19 pneumonia in 219/240 (sensitivity: 91 %; 95 %-CI; 86.9 %–94.5 %), and to correctly attribute CT findings to COVID-19 mimics in 159/240 ratings (specificity: 66.3 %; 59.9 %–72.2 %), yielding an overall diagnostic accuracy of 78.8 % (378/480; 74.8 %–82.3 %). Individual reader accuracy ranged from 74.2 % (89/120) to 84.2 % (101/120) and did not correlate significantly with reader expertise. Youden’s Index was 0.57. Between-reader agreement was moderate (κ = 0.53).
Conclusion In this enriched cohort, radiologists were able to distinguish COVID-19 from “COVID-19 mimics” with moderate diagnostic accuracy. Accuracy did not correlate with reader expertise.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Psychoonkologische Versorgung von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund
und ihren Angehörigen – Ergebnisse aus
leitfadengestützten Einzelinterviews mit Ärztinnen und
Ärzten
Authors: Hempler Isabelle , Riccetti Nicola , Hermes-Moll Kerstin , Heidt Vitali , Singer Susanne 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund stellen eine heterogene
Bevölkerungsgruppe dar mit einer Vielfalt an Ethnien, kulturellen
und religiösen Ansichten und Erfahrungen. Die Diagnose und
anschließende Behandlung einer Krebserkrankung gehen mit
vielfältigen psychosozialen Belastungen einher. Daher war es Ziel
dieser Studie, die aktuelle Perspektive von Ärzt/innen
bezüglich Barrieren bei der psychoonkologischen Versorgung von MMH
zu untersuchen sowie benötigte Hilfestellungen zu analysieren.
Methode Es wurden bundesweit acht niedergelassene
Ärzt/innen aus der hämatologisch-onkologischen
Versorgung in qualitativen Einzelinterviews befragt. Die Interviews wurden
digital aufgezeichnet und transkribiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte nach der
inhaltlich strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse mithilfe des Softwareprogramms
MAXQDA 2020.
Ergebnisse Identifiziert wurden 255 Codes in den Hauptkategorien
„Definition Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund“,
„Kommunikation“, „Kulturelle Unterschiede“,
„Psychoonkologische Versorgung“, „Koordinierung
& Vermittlung von psychoonkologischen Versorgungsangeboten“
sowie „Optimale psychoonkologische Versorgung“. Die
Ergebnisse geben einen aktuellen Einblick in alltägliche und
praxisrelevante Probleme, die sich in der transkulturellen Kommunikation,
Barrieren hinsichtlich der Identifizierung von Bedürfnissen, in der
psychoonkologischen Weiterversorgung oder auch während der
Übersetzung durch Angehörige erkennen lassen.
Diskussion Bereits die Identifizierung von Bedürfnissen
während der ärztlichen Behandlung ist mit diversen Barrieren
verbunden. Screening-Instrumente für Menschen mit
Migrationshintergrund und Angehörige auf verschiedenen Sprachen und
für unterschiedliche Kulturkreise könnten die
Identifizierung unterstützen. Zudem müssten Netzwerke
geschaffen werden, um Patient/innen anschließend auch
psychoonkologisch versorgen zu können.