bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive characterization of the structure and properties of human stratum corneum relating to barrier function and skin hydration: modulation by a moisturizer formulation
Authors: Galliano Marie‐Florence , Tfayli Ali , Dauskardt Reinhold H. , Payre Bruno , Carrasco Cedric , Bessou‐Touya Sandrine , Baillet‐Guffroy Arlette , Duplan Hélène 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe stratum corneum (SC) is key in the maintenance of the biomechanical barrier and hydration of skin. Our previous investigations showed beneficial effects of a combination of emollients on water capture and retention and protein and lipid organization, all of which are linked to dryness and dry skin damage. Here, we show how a formulation containing an emollient combination (“Trio”) and its basal formulation (placebo) impacted the descriptors of SC hydration in SC layers. Only the Trio formulation—not its placebo formulation—modified SC biomechanical drying stress behaviour and imparted a high capacity to protect it from dehydration. This was in accordance with findings at the molecular level using Raman analyses and at the structural level using cryo‐scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After topical application, only the Trio formulation profoundly increased lateral packing of lipids and their compactness. Cryo‐SEM showed that, unlike the placebo formulation, the Trio formulation prevented the water loss when applied before the dehydration process. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that stresses in the SC due to dehydration can be alleviated using a formulation containing emollients that interact with the SC lipid components.
Warming and elevated CO2 intensify drought and recovery responses of grassland carbon allocation to soil respiration
Authors: Meeran Kathiravan , Ingrisch Johannes , Reinthaler David , Canarini Alberto , Müller Lena , Pötsch Erich M. , Richter Andreas , Wanek Wolfgang , Bahn Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhotosynthesis and soil respiration represent the two largest fluxes of CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems and are tightly linked through belowground carbon (C) allocation. Drought has been suggested to impact the allocation of recently assimilated C to soil respiration; however, it is largely unknown how drought effects are altered by a future warmer climate under elevated atmospheric CO2 (eT_eCO2). In a multifactor experiment on managed C3 grassland, we studied the individual and interactive effects of drought and eT_eCO2 (drought, eT_eCO2, drought × eT_eCO2) on ecosystem C dynamics. We performed two in situ 13CO2 pulse‐labeling campaigns to trace the fate of recent C during peak drought and recovery. eT_eCO2 increased soil respiration and the fraction of recently assimilated C in soil respiration. During drought, plant C uptake was reduced by c. 50% in both ambient and eT_eCO2 conditions. Soil respiration and the amount and proportion of 13C respired from soil were reduced (by 32%, 70% and 30%, respectively), the effect being more pronounced under eT_eCO2 (50%, 84%, 70%). Under drought, the diel coupling of photosynthesis and SR persisted only in the eT_eCO2 scenario, likely caused by dynamic shifts in the use of freshly assimilated C between storage and respiration. Drought did not affect the fraction of recent C remaining in plant biomass under ambient and eT_eCO2, but reduced the small fraction remaining in soil under eT_eCO2. After rewetting, C uptake and the proportion of recent C in soil respiration recovered more rapidly under eT_eCO2 compared to ambient conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that in a warmer climate under elevated CO2 drought effects on the fate of recent C will be amplified and the coupling of photosynthesis and soil respiration will be sustained. To predict the future dynamics of terrestrial C cycling, such interactive effects of multiple global change factors should be considered.
Can campaign‐style enforcement work: When and how? Evidence from straw burning control in China
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Min , Yin Haitao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of campaign‐style enforcement is often criticized for its lack of long‐term impacts and lack of impacts beyond campaign‐focused issues. Using a mixed approach that combines regression analysis and in‐depth interviews, we studied the campaigns against straw burning in several provinces of China, and found evidence to support the contrary. The campaigns did effectively reduce straw‐burning activities, and more importantly, the impact appears to be long lasting and may spill over to other environmental issues. We further found that informal institutions, such as Chinese face culture and the close ties between village cadres and farmers, play a very important role in determining the length and range of a campaign's impact. The values and limitations of campaign‐style enforcement are discussed.
Can industrial agglomeration improve regional green total factor productivity in China? An empirical analysis based on spatial econometrics
Authors: Lu Ping , Liu Jianhui , Wang Yunxuan , Ruan Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResource depletion and environmental pollution have seriously restricted the sustainable development of China's economy in recent years. How to transform the extensive growth mode to the intensive growth mode and realize the green development of economy is a great challenge for China. In this paper, we use the non‐radial and non‐angle Slack‐based Model (SBM) considering the undesired output, combined with the Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index, to measure regional green total factor productivity (GTFP). By constructing the green output density function, the theoretical model of the relationship between regional GTFP and industrial agglomeration is deduced, and the theoretical mechanism of the influence of industrial agglomeration on regional GTFP is analyzed. Based on panel data of 243 cities at the prefecture level in China from 2010 to 2019, this article employs the dynamic spatial panel model to empirically estimate the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional GTFP. The empirical results show that regional GTFP shows significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering characteristics. The manufacturing agglomeration has significant negative impact on regional GTFP and produces negative spatial spillover effect on the surrounding regions, but does not produce congestion effect. The producer services agglomeration significantly improves regional GTFP and produces positive spatial spillover effect on the surrounding regions, and leads to congestion effect. The co‐agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing has significantly promoted the improvement of regional GTFP and produces positive spatial spillover effect on the surrounding regions. Finally, this article puts forward policy suggestions on how to promote regional GTFP and achieve green development from the perspective of industrial agglomeration.
Sonic hedgehog expands neural stem cells in the neocortical region leading to an expanded and wrinkled neocortical surface
Authors: Shqirat Mohammed , Kinoshita Akira , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn expanded and folded neocortex is characteristic of higher mammals, including humans and other primates. The neocortical surface area was dramatically enlarged during the course of mammalian brain evolution from lissencephalic to gyrencephalic mammals, and this bestowed higher cognitive functions especially to primates, including humans. In this study, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice in which the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) could be controlled in neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitors by using the Tet‐on system. Shh overexpression during embryogenesis promoted the symmetric proliferative division of NSCs in the neocortical region, leading to the expansion of lateral ventricles and tangential extension of the ventricular zone. Moreover, Shh‐overexpressing Tg mice showed dramatic expansion of the neocortical surface area and exhibited a wrinkled brain when overexpression was commenced at early stages of neural development. These results indicate that Shh is able to increase the neocortical NSCs and contribute to expansion of the neocortex.
The French feminist contribution: Humanizing organizations through esthetically informed, philosophical modes of representation
Authors: Bissett Ngaire , Birch Jill 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis collaborative paper explores ways in which a “haptic” mode of representation can challenge restrictive academic logocentric forms of representation, by imagining an “affective wisdom” related, mode of embodied writing. The first author draws on three French feminist scholars to depict this as an affinities based, ethical framework, which reflects the depth of expression that marks our organizational lives. The second author illustrates this philosophically grounded representational esthetic, by advancing a series of craftwork culturalist interpretations, which enhance our appreciation of leadership practice as a relationally embedded phenomenon.
Taking stock: Employability as an outcome of higher education. Evaluating developments in the German higher education system
Authors: Behle Heike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article uses the example of Germany to elaborate on the historical development, the current practice, and recent debates on employability. Employability as an outspoken aim of higher education was only established in recent decades due to the introduction of Polytechnics, the expansion of higher education, and the Bologna‐Process. Despite the diversity of the higher education sector (e.g., universities; universities of applied science), the assumption of equality means that degrees from any institution are of equal value according to the level of study. As in other countries, German higher education institutions have established measures to improve employability such as changes in the curricula or the establishment of career services. However, challenges remain to measure the employability and the employability outcome of HE. The article concludes that the identification of specific subject‐related and transferable skills and competences and their transferability to the labour market remains an ongoing task to increase the employability of graduates in Germany.
Influence of ultraconservative access cavities on instrumentation efficacy with XP‐endo Shaper and Reciproc, filling ability and load capacity of mandibular molars subjected to thermomechanical cycling
Authors: Lima C. O. , Barbosa A. F. A. , Ferreira C. M. , Ferretti M. A. , Aguiar F. H. B. , Lopes R. T. , Fidel S. R. , Silva E. J. N. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of ultraconservative access cavities (UltraAC) on canal shaping and filling ability and load capacity of mandibular molars after root canal preparation with XP‐endo Shaper (XP) or Reciproc (RC), under simulated clinical conditions. Traditional access cavities (TradAC) were used for comparison.MethodologyForty extracted mandibular molars were scanned by micro–computed tomographic and, based on similar anatomical features, were divided into four groups (n = 10), according to the type of access cavity and canal instrumentation protocol: TradAC/RC, TradAC/XP, UltraAC/RC and UltraAC/XP. All root canal procedures were performed with the teeth placed in a dental mannequin. Teeth were scanned after root canal instrumentation and filling. Unprepared canal area, dentine removed, accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD), canal transportation, presence of voids and filling material remnants within the pulp chamber were analysed. After restorative procedures, the teeth were subjected to thermomechanical cycling and to a load capacity test. Statistical analyses were performed using two‐way anova test, considering the randomized blocks design (P < 0.05).ResultsThe percentage of unprepared canal area was significantly lower in TradAC groups when compared to UltraAC groups (P < 0.05), regardless of the instrument used. The UltraAC/XP group had significantly lower percentage of root dentine removed when compared to other groups (P < 0.05). UltraAC/XP and TradAC/XP groups had significantly lower percentages of AHTD than UltraAC/RC and TradAC/RC groups (P < 0.05). Regarding canal transportation, in the MB root canals, the TradAC/XP group had significantly lower values than other groups (P < 0.05). In general, in ML and distal root canals, TradAC/XP and UltraAC/XP groups had significantly lower values of canal transportation when compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the UltraAC/RC had the greatest canal transportation values in MB and distal canals. The UltraAC groups had significantly greater percentages of voids and volume of remaining root filling material within the pulp chamber after cleaning procedures than TradAC groups (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the load capacity amongst groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe UltraAC/XP and UltraAC/RC groups had significantly greater areas of unprepared canal walls, significantly more voids and volume of root filling material remnants within the pulp chamber after canal filling. UltraAC/XP was associated with significantly less root dentine removal and significantly more AHTD whilst TradAC/XP had overall significantly less canal transportation. No differences were observed in the load capacity amongst groups.
Ecological planning towards language revitalization: The Torwali minority language in Pakistan
Authors: Manan Syed Abdul , Channa Liaquat Ali , Tul‐Kubra Khadija , David Maya Khemlani 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the steady revitalization of an endangered minority community in northern Pakistan to show that how the Torwali community strategically mobilizes limited resources to achieve a sustainable revival of its language and culture. The uniqueness of the planning rests in its holistic, identity‐based integrated approach that seeks to use identity building as a catalyst for language and culture revitalization. Alongside rebuilding the marred identity of the community, social development and empowerment also go hand in hand with the language and culture development process. The Torwali language and culture revitalization offers valuable theoretical and implementational insights as we learn that language revitalization does not work in isolation; rather it requires integrating language development with the identity‐building, educational, and overall human development of the community.
Reducing neutrophil exposure to oxygen allows their basal state maintenance
Authors: Injarabian Louise , Skerniskyte Jurate , Giai Gianetto Quentin , Witko‐Sarsat Véronique , Marteyn Benoit S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeutrophils are the most abundant circulating white blood cells and are the central players of the innate immune response. During their lifecycle, neutrophils mainly evolve under low oxygen conditions (0.1–4% O2), to which they are well adapted. Neutrophils are atypical cells since they are highly glycolytic and susceptible to oxygen exposure, which induces their activation and death through mechanisms that remain currently elusive. Nevertheless, nearly all studies conducted on neutrophils are carried out under atmospheric oxygen (21%), corresponding to hyperoxia. Here, we investigated the impact of hyperoxia during neutrophil purification and culture on neutrophil viability, activation and cytosolic protein content. We demonstrate that neutrophil hyper‐activation (CD62L shedding) is induced during culture under hyperoxic conditions (24 h), compared with neutrophils cultured under anoxic conditions. Spontaneous neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is observed when neutrophils face hyperoxia during purification or culture. In addition, we show that maintaining neutrophils in autologous plasma is the preferred strategy to maintain their basal state. Our results show that manipulating neutrophils under hyperoxic conditions leads to the loss of 57 cytosolic proteins during purification, while it does not lead to an immediate impact on neutrophil activation (CD11bhigh, CD54high, CD62Lneg) or viability (DAPI+). We identified two clusters of proteins belonging to cholesterol metabolism and to the complement and coagulation cascade pathways, which are highly susceptible to neutrophil oxygen exposure during neutrophil purification. In conclusion, protecting neutrophil from oxygen during their purification and culture is recommended to avoid activation and to prevent the alteration of cytosolic protein composition.
The mental health status among nurses from low‐risk areas under normalized COVID‐19 pandemic prevention and control in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Xian , Arber Anne , Gao Junyu , Zhang Li , Ji Meili , Wang Dan , Wu Jinfeng , Du Junjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the mental health status of nurses from low‐risk areas of novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, its potential impact factors, and the main stressors under the normalized prevention and control in China. A mobile phone app‐based survey was conducted among registered nurses in Jiangsu province via a region‐stratified sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of items on the demographic characteristics of the nursing staff and their Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21) along with questions for self‐assessment of stressors that are associated with COVID‐19. STROBE guideline was used. Among 1803 nurses who were working in the low‐risk areas in Jiangsu, 22.0%, 29.8%, and 16.1% of them reported moderate to extreme levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Having 11–15 years of working experience and being a fixed‐term contract nurse were associated with experiencing worse mental health outcomes while supporting‐Wuhan working experience and having mental health preparation course training were independent factors that had beneficial impact on their psychological well‐being afterward. In terms of source of pressure, a key finding of this study is that the main stressor among these nurses was the lack of patient’s understanding and cooperation (71.2%) which calls for better psychosocial communication between nurses and patients. The present findings would provide information for other regions at low risk of COVID‐19 and may aid the provision of support and interventions for the benefit of the psychological well‐being of nurses who are exposed to life‐threatening occupational risks and are more vulnerable to the pandemic than others.
Is the asymmetric impact of aggregate revenue and aggregate earnings on the stock index in accordance with the prospect theory?
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines the asymmetric impact on the US S&P 500 stock index due to the changes in aggregate revenue and aggregate earnings of the index constituents. We applied the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model of Shin et al. (Festschrift in honor of Peter Schmidt, 2014, Springer, 281–314) to determine the long run and the short run asymmetries. The presence of a cointegrating relationship confirms that despite short‐run departures, the relationship remains stable in the long run. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model estimates that when aggregate revenue increases by $1,000, the S&P index is expected to increase by 8.64 points, but when the aggregate revenue decreases by the same amount, the market decreases by 31.4 points. Similarly, when the aggregate income increases by $1,000, the S&P index is likely to increase by 22.59 points, whereas if the aggregate income decreases by the same amount, the index would decrease more steeply by 32.11 points. Based on these findings, the present study establishes an asymmetric relationship between two important accounting variables. The study also confirms the validation of prospect theory in the S&P index valuation of its constituent stocks' financial performance. Aside from using the model on aggregate data for the S&P index, we also analyzed 28 individual US stocks to validate the findings.
Around the world in 10 million years: Rapid dispersal of a kleptoparasitoid spider wasp (Pompilidae: Ceropales)
Authors: Rodriguez Juanita , Bank Sarah , Waichert Cecilia , von Dohlen Carol D. , Pitts James P. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAimCosmopolitan distributions have classically been explained by Pangaean vicariance. However, evidence of recently diverged cosmopolitan groups has re‐opened consideration on the processes involved. Our aim is to estimate the processes leading to the worldwide distribution of the kleptoparasitoid genus Ceropales.LocationWorldwide.TaxonCeropales spider wasps (Pompilidae).MethodsData from three molecular markers for 52 specimens of Ceropales and two calibration points from previous analyses were used to reconstruct a dated phylogeny under a relaxed molecular clock. We compared the fit of 12 models using BioGeoBEARS: DEC (subset sympatry, narrow vicariance), DIVALIKE (narrow and wide vicariance), BAYAREALIKE (widespread sympatry), and these same models with an added jump dispersal parameter and constraining dispersal rates among areas. Using the AIC best‐fit model (DEC+J), we performed Biogeographic Stochastic Mapping (BSM) to infer biogeographic processes by simulating 200 BSM on the BEAST chronogram.ResultsThe origin of crown‐group Ceropales was ca. 10.6 Ma (15.7–6.5 95% HPD), and 11 jump‐dispersal events explain its distribution. A constrained DEC+J model, allowing adjacent area dispersal was the best‐fit AIC model. Dispersals across the Bering land bridge, Isthmus of Panama, Mediterranean Sea, and Sunda Plains took place from the late Miocene to present times.Main conclusionsCeropales is a recently diverged group that originated in Eurasia in the Miocene and dispersed to occupy the Americas, Africa, and Australia. Colonization was probably favored by the already diversified hosts (Pompilinae and Pepsinae), which reduced limiting factors such as food resource and nest construction. The evolution of a generalist parasitic lifestyle could facilitate long‐distance dispersal. This is the first study addressing the global historical biogeography of a cosmopolitan spider wasp.