bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldwide comparison of carbon stocks and fluxes between native and non‐native forests
Authors: Lázaro‐Lobo Adrián , Fernandez Romina D. , Alonso Álvaro , Cruces Paula , Cruz‐Alonso Verónica , Ervin Gary N. , Gallardo Antonio , Granda Elena , Gómez‐Gras Daniel , Marchante Hélia , Moreno‐Fernández Daniel , Saldaña Asunción , Silva Joaquim S. , Castro‐Díez Pilar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTClimate change is one of the main challenges that human societies are currently facing. Given that forests represent major natural carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, administrations worldwide are launching broad‐scale programs to promote forests, including stands of non‐native trees. Yet, non‐native trees may have profound impacts on the functions and services of forest ecosystems, including the carbon cycle, as they may differ widely from native trees in structural and functional characteristics. Also, the allocation of carbon between above‐ and belowground compartments may vary between native and non‐native forests and affect the vulnerability of the carbon stocks to disturbances. We conducted a global meta‐analysis to compare carbon stocks and fluxes among co‐occurring forests dominated by native and non‐native trees, while accounting for the effects of climate, tree life stage, and stand type. We compiled 1678 case studies from 250 papers, with quantitative data for carbon cycle‐related variables from co‐occurring forests dominated by native and non‐native trees. We included 170 non‐native species from 42 families, spanning 55 countries from all continents except Antarctica. Non‐native forests showed higher overall carbon stock due to higher aboveground tree biomass. However, the belowground carbon stock, particularly soil organic carbon, was greater in forests dominated by native trees. Among fluxes, carbon uptake rate was higher in non‐native forests, while carbon loss rate and carbon lability did not differ between native and non‐native forests. Differences in carbon stocks and fluxes between native and non‐native trees were greater at early life stages (i.e. seedling and juvenile). Overall, non‐native forests had greater carbon stocks and fluxes than native forests when both were natural/naturalised or planted; however, native natural forests had greater values for the carbon cycle‐related variables than plantations of non‐native trees. Our findings indicate that promoting non‐native forests may increase carbon stocks in the aboveground compartment at the expense of belowground carbon stocks. This may have far‐reaching implications on the durability and vulnerability of carbon to disturbances. Forestry policies aimed at improving long‐term carbon sequestration and storage should conserve and promote native forests.
Restricting Periodontal Treatment Frequency: Impact on Tooth Loss in Danish Adults
Authors: Raittio Eero , Lopez Rodrigo , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe study aimed to estimate the effect of a periodontal treatment policy that would restrict the receipt of periodontal therapy to no more than once every second year, on the 10‐year risk of tooth extraction among Danish adults.MethodsData from linked nationwide Danish registers consisted of a random sample of 20 000 50‐year‐olds who were followed from the beginning of 1990 to the end of 2021. The longitudinal modified treatment policies’ causal inference framework was used. In each of two slightly different counterfactual scenarios, the receipt of supragingival or subgingival periodontal therapy was restricted to no more than once every second year. The cumulative incidence of tooth extraction from 2012 to 2021 was compared between the counterfactual scenarios and the observed periodontal visiting pattern, while informative censoring, and time‐varying and time‐invariant confounding were accounted for using the social, economic and dental service utilisation history.ResultsDuring the 10‐year follow‐up period, 5021 (25.1%) individuals received at least one tooth extraction. In the two counterfactual scenarios, the number of years receiving supragingival or subgingival periodontal therapy was 30%–50% lower than in the observed data. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of tooth loss was practically the same in the two counterfactual scenarios as under the observed periodontal visiting patterns.ConclusionThe findings indicate that a considerable decrease in the number and frequency of periodontal care visits would not have significant impact on the incidence of tooth loss in Denmark.
Changes in African lion demography and population growth with increased protection in a large, prey‐depleted ecosystem
Authors: Creel Scott , Becker Matthew S. , Goodheart Ben , Kusler Anna , Banda Kachama , Banda Kambwiri , Vinks Milan , Sun Catherine , Dart Chase , Matsushima Stephi , Kabwe Ruth , Donald Will , Zyambo Luka , Indala Peter , Kaluka Adrian , Chifunte Clive , Reid Craig 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLarge carnivores such as the lion are declining across Africa, in part because their large herbivore prey is declining. There is consensus that increased protection from prey depletion will be necessary to reverse the decline of lion populations, but few studies have tested whether increased protection is sufficient to reverse the decline, particularly in the large, open ecosystems where most lions remain. Here, we used an integrated population model to test whether lion demography and population dynamics were measurably improved by increased protection. We used data from monitoring of 358 individuals from 2013 to 2021 in the Greater Kafue Ecosystem, where prior research showed that lions were strongly limited by prey depletion, but protection increased in several well‐defined areas beginning in 2018. In some other areas, protection decreased. In areas with high protection, lion fecundity was 29% higher, and mean annual apparent survival (φ) was 8.3% higher (with a minimum difference of 6.0% for prime‐aged adult females and a maximum difference of 11.9% for sub‐adult males). These demographic benefits combined to produce likely population growth in areas with high protection ( = 1.085, 90% CI = 0.97, 1.21), despite likely population decline in areas with low protection ( = 0.970, 90% CI = 0.88, 1.07). For the ecosystem as a whole, population size remained relatively constant at a moderate density of 3.74 (±0.49 SD) to 4.13 (±0.52 SD) lions/100 km2. With the growth observed in areas with high protection, the expected doubling time was 10 years. Despite this, recovery at the scale of the entire ecosystem is likely to be slow without increased protection; the current growth rate would require 50 years to double. Our results demonstrate that increased protection is likely to improve the reproduction and population growth rate of lions at a large scale within an unfenced ecosystem that has been greatly affected by poaching.
Phenotypic traits and family history in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and generalized epilepsy: A multicenter case–control study
Authors: Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Fanella Martina , Chaumette Boris , Putotto Carolina , Mignot Cyril , Mazzeo Adolfo , Lemke Johannes R. , Riva Antonella , Accinni Tommaso , Louveau Cecile , Giovannetti Agnese , Pugnaloni Flaminia , Gavaret Martine , Di Fabio Fabio , Fortunato Francesco , Dorn Thomas , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Gambardella Antonio , Ramantani Georgia , Orlando Biagio , Iftimovici Anton , Operto Francesca F. , Pulvirenti Federica , Kluger Gerhard , Caputo Viviana , Striano Pasquale , Di Bonaventura Carlo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize the clinical and genetic features of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and generalized epilepsy compared with 22q11.2DS individuals without epilepsy.MethodsThis multicenter case–control study included 28 patients with 22q11.2DS‐related generalized epilepsy and compared their data with 56 age‐matched 22q11.2DS controls without epilepsy. Clinical and electroencephalographic features, neuropsychiatric and systemic comorbidities, family history of epilepsy, and genetic findings were collected.ResultsGeneralized tonic–clonic seizures and myoclonic seizures were the most common electroclinical presentations, with a broader range of seizure type combinations also documented. Most patients achieved seizure remission with antiseizure medications, with only 4% exhibiting drug resistance. A higher prevalence of family history of epilepsy was observed among patients with 22q11.2DS‐related generalized epilepsy compared to nonepilepsy controls, even when limiting the analysis to patients with known de novo deletions. No differences in deletion size or location were observed between the groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified family history of epilepsy, intellectual disability, and lack of skeletal abnormalities as independent factors associated with generalized epilepsy, whereas a history of psychosis was significant only in univariable analysis.SignificanceThis study provides a detailed characterization of generalized epilepsy in individuals with 22q11.2DS and highlights specific associated comorbidities. The higher prevalence of family history of epilepsy among cases suggests that genetic factors beyond the 22q11.2 deletion influence the development of the epilepsy phenotype, providing new insights into the genetic underpinnings of phenotypic variability in this syndrome.
Preferential superficial cortical layer activation during seizure propagation
Authors: Brodovskaya Anastasia , Shiono Shinnosuke , Sun Chengsan , Perez‐Reyes Edward , Kapur Jaideep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveFocal cortical seizures travel long distances from the onset zone, but the long‐distance propagation pathways are uncertain. In vitro and in vivo imaging techniques have investigated the local spread of seizures but did not elucidate long‐distance spread. Furthermore, classical studies in slices suggested seizure spread locally along deep cortical layers, whereas more recent in vivo imaging studies posit a role for superficial cortical layers in local spread.MethodsWe imaged seizure‐activated neurons using activity reporter mice and measured local field potentials (LFPs) using microelectrode arrays to map cortical seizure propagation in awake mice.ResultsFrontal lobe onset seizures activate more neurons in superficial layers 2–3 than deep layers 5–6 throughout the cortex. LFP recordings demonstrate that seizures spread faster through the superficial than deep layers over long cortical distances of 3.5 mm. We also show that monosynaptically connected long‐distance neurons are in the seizure circuit.SignificanceWe propose that long‐distance cortical seizure spread occurs preferentially via synaptically connected superficial cortical neurons.
Charting the course: a scoping review on telehealth research trends in Australia
Authors: Leslie Alasdair , Majmudar Ahan , Semaan Isabella , Spajic Dana , Mountain Oliver , Stretton Brandon , Kovoor Joshua , Gupta Aashray , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis review of telehealth research describes the landscape of Australian digital health and telehealth research from 1999 to 2022, focusing on outlining past, present and future trends. A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews framework, which identified 495 primary research studies of digital or telehealth interventions aimed at improving health outcomes. Data were charted according to technological modality, health focus, professional representation, participant location, year and size. Findings demonstrated are as follows: increase in the volume and rate of publications over time; over‐representation of participants from Australia's east coast; key focus areas of mental health and primary care; live video conferencing as the dominant emerging technology modality; and audio‐only interventions remain highly relevant. Despite increasing interest in digital and telehealth interventions, the rural and remote populations that stand to benefit the greatest are under‐represented in the literature. Future research should focus on these groups, using both emerging and established technologies, and digital and telehealth interventions should be adopted by a wider breadth of health professions.
Effects of Dispositional and Contextual Moral Sensitivity in Moral Decision‐Making: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Nursing Students
Authors: Zhang Na , Ren Xiaoyu , Xu Zhen , Jin Chunhua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimBased on Rest's Four Stage Model (moral sensitivity, moral judgement, moral intention and moral behaviour), we aim to compare the effects of dispositional moral sensitivity and contextual moral sensitivity on moral decision‐making among nursing students.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe participants were from nursing colleges in Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou and Chongqing, China. A total of 354 nursing students were recruited via the convenience sampling method. Data were collected via the dispositional moral sensitivity scale and a scenario experiment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the relationships among the variables in the structural model via Mplus.ResultsWhile dispositional moral sensitivity and contextual moral sensitivity both influence moral intention, they do so in opposite directions. Moral judgement has a positive impact on moral intention and acts as a mediator between dispositional moral sensitivity/contextual moral sensitivity and moral intention.ConclusionThis study compares the various influence paths and mechanisms of dispositional moral sensitivity and contextual moral sensitivity in moral decision‐making, thereby advancing research on nursing ethics education.ImpactOur findings suggest that nursing colleges should adopt diverse strategies to cultivate the dispositional moral sensitivity of nursing students, thus facilitating their ability to make moral decisions. These insights have valuable implications for the advancement of nursing ethics education.Reporting MethodWe adhered to the STROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Development and Characterisation of an Immortal Cell Line From Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) for Viral Studies
Authors: Mai Qianyi , Wang Qing , Li Yingying , Yin Jiyuan , Mo Xubing , Shi Cunbin , Ren Yan , Liu Donghai , Liu Xuanming , Sun Dongli , Liu Weiqiang , Jin Yuqi , Zeng Weiwei , Wang Yingying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLargemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a freshwater fish species, is cultivated widely across China. The industry has been greatly affected by various viral diseases. We generated a new immortal cell line from the fin of M. salmoides (MSF). It has been successfully maintained in continuous culture for over 80 passages. Cells multiply well at 28°C using Medium 199 or Leibovitz's L‐15 supplemented with 10%–20% fetal bovine serum. MSF cells comprise a mass of epithelialoid cells. Chromosome analysis showed that ploidy at passage 55 was 2n = 58. Amplification and analysis of the sequence of cytochrome oxidase I gene ascertained the origin of MSF cells from M. salmoides. The cell line is devoid of contamination with mycoplasma. Successful transfection with a GFP reporter gene indicated that the MSF cell line can be a useful tool for further gene expression studies. MSF cells exhibited susceptibility to Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV), Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence confirmed that the MSF cell line showed high susceptibility to all the tested viruses. The titre values of MSF after infection with LMBV, ISKNV, and SCRV reached 107.4 TCID50/mL, 106.15 TCID50/mL, and 106.35 TCID50/mL at 7dpi, respectively. In conclusion, an immortal cell line derived from the fin tissue of M. salmoides was successfully developed and certain fish viruses can effectively propagated in the newly established MSF cell line that can be helpful for future gene manipulation and infectious viral mechanistic studies in the future.
Wellbeing of Family Carers of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in the UK: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Thompson Paul A. , Summers Eleanor , Caton Sue , Hayden Nikita , Todd Stuart , Oloidi Edward , Taggart Laurence , Kelly Rosemary , Bradshaw Jill , Maguire Roseann , Jahoda Andrew , Hatton Chris , Hastings Richard P. ,   The Coronavirus and People with Learning Disabilities Study Team
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLongitudinal studies of family carers of people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic have been very rare. This study investigated trajectories of family‐carer wellbeing and the impact of the caring role on carers' health over four time points measured during the COVID‐19 pandemic and after all public health restrictions had been lifted (between December 2020 and late 2022) across the United Kingdom.MethodsFamily carers of adults with intellectual disabilities participated through a co‐designed, online survey at four time points across the pandemic (2020–2022). Growth models were used to determine the change in family‐carer wellbeing (n = 312) and the impact of the caring role on carers' health across the pandemic and what factors were associated with these outcomes. We explored associations between profound and multiple intellectual disabilities (PMID), the cared‐for person's individual wellbeing, the cared‐for person's age, whether the cared‐for person lived with their family and family‐carer wellbeing and impact of caring trajectories.ResultsOverall, family‐carer wellbeing improved, and the impact of the caring role on carers' health reduced across the time period. If the cared‐for person had PMID was associated with greater degrees of depression and stress for caregivers and thus increased the impact of the caring role on carers' health, but it was not associated with carer wellbeing. Similarly, the reduction in individual wellbeing of the cared‐for person and the caregiver's perception of this person's wellbeing was also significantly associated with increased impact of the caring role on carers' health and carer wellbeing. There was no evidence that age of cared‐for person was predictive of either outcome, and there were mixed findings on whether living at home was an associated factor for either outcome.ConclusionsOverall, family‐carer wellbeing improved, and the impact of the caring role on carers' health reduced across the time period, but the cared‐for persons' poorer wellbeing and complex needs (indexed by the presence of PMID) were associated with negative impacts on family carers during the pandemic period.
Multifactorial interplay on language recovery following left‐hemispheric stroke: A retrospective study
Authors: Haldin Célise , Dai Shenhao , Piscicelli Céline , Marcon Valérie , Lœvenbruck Hélène , Pérennou Dominic , Baciu Monica 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the relative contribution of various factors influencing initial severity of aphasia and recovery after a stroke is essential for optimising neurorehabilitation programmes. We investigated how various significant sociodemographic, cognitive, clinical, stroke‐related and rehabilitation‐related factors modulate aphasia severity and language recovery following left‐hemispheric stroke. Employing an innovative method, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 96 stroke participants to explore the combined impact of these factors. The initial severity of aphasia was categorised into severe, mild/moderate and no aphasia based on the severity of their language deficits in the subacute phase (Aphasia Severity Rating Scale, ASRS). To assess speech‐and‐language recovery, we classified 53/96 patients with aphasia into high and poor recovery categories using a gain score formula (ASRS_discharge—ASRS_admission)/ASRS_admission. Subsequently, we performed statistical analyses (univariate analyses and forward stepwise logistic regression combined with bootstrap) to identify the determinants of the initial severity of aphasia and the degree of recovery. Our analyses unveiled that more severe aphasia initially was correlated with a more severe stroke (Odds Ratio, OR = .90, p = .041), moderate/severe executive dysfunction (OR = .068, p < .001) and larger lesion size (OR = .068, p < .001). Furthermore, the degree of recovery was associated with the intensity of speech‐and‐language therapy (OR = 1.47, p = .043). These findings enrich our understanding of the determinants of aphasia severity and language recovery, employing an original methodology to scrutinise the collective effect of multiple variables in a retrospective analysis of stroke participants. A better knowledge of these factors may help implement personalised language rehabilitation programmes to maximise speech‐and‐language recovery.
Population Genomics of Adaptive Radiation
Authors: Combrink Lucia L. , Golcher‐Benavides Jimena , Lewanski Alexander L. , Rick Jessica A. , Rosenthal William C. , Wagner Catherine E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdaptive radiations are rich laboratories for exploring, testing, and understanding key theories in evolution and ecology because they offer spectacular displays of speciation and ecological adaptation. Particular challenges to the study of adaptive radiation include high levels of species richness, rapid speciation, and gene flow between species. Over the last decade, high‐throughput sequencing technologies and access to population genomic data have lessened these challenges by enabling the analysis of samples from many individual organisms at whole‐genome scales. Here we review how population genomic data have facilitated our knowledge of adaptive radiation in five key areas: (1) phylogenetics, (2) hybridization, (3) timing and rates of diversification, (4) the genomic basis of trait evolution, and (5) the role of genome structure in divergence. We review current knowledge in each area, highlight outstanding questions, and focus on methods that facilitate detection of complex patterns in the divergence and demography of populations through time. It is clear that population genomic data are revolutionising the ability to reconstruct evolutionary history in rapidly diversifying clades. Additionally, studies are increasingly emphasising the central role of gene flow, re‐use of standing genetic variation during adaptation, and structural genomic elements as facilitators of the speciation process in adaptive radiations. We highlight hybridization—and the hypothesized processes by which it shapes diversification—and questions seeking to bridge the divide between microevolutionary and macroevolutionary processes as rich areas for future study. Overall, access to population genomic data has facilitated an exciting era in adaptive radiation research, with implications for deeper understanding of fundamental evolutionary processes across the tree of life.