bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of hexacopter UAV system for disinfectant spraying
Authors: Arief U M , Subiyanto S , Andrasto T , Sukamta S , Sulistyawan V N , Sarwono E , Alfian A A , Wicaksono P , Amelia P N , Putra A D H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The spread of Covid-19 prevention has been carried out widely for example is the use of technology disinfectants. One of the development technologies at this time are drones. This study aims to design a UAV system as a disinfectant sprayer. Hexacopter is a type of drone that can fly more freely in the air that consists of 4 basic movements as throttle, roll motion, pitch motion, and yaw motion. The design method uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The analysis is needed including analysis of hardware and software requirements through a literature study. The design phase is designing concepts from the software. The development phase is to build-up the components into a drone. In the implementation phase by tool testing and an assessment of the implementation will be carried out. This research is an early part of the development of the UAV system. The results that design of UAV system consisting of components used Naza-M V2, a 23-inch propeller mounted on a 180KV Hobbywing X6 motor, ESC 80A, and a 12S 44.2V battery. Based on the results of hexacopter testing that can fly for 6 minutes, the weight is 10kg and works well in spraying disinfectants.
Soursop leaf extract as biodiesel antioxidant and the effect on automotive diesel engine performance
Authors: Widjanarko D , Azhar S , Megawati  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of soursop leaf extraction as biodiesel antioxidants on the torque and power of diesel engines. Fuels were made by mixing the soursop leaf antioxidants of 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, to 1 litre of B30 fuel. The fuels were applied to diesel-engine vehicles. Diesel engine performance was tested by a chassis dynamometer. The results showed that the use of an antioxidant mixture of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm in biodiesel caused a decrease in torque of 12.61%; 17.37%; 16.69% respectively, and the power was also decreased of 12.34%; 18.16% and 16.37% compared to biodiesel without antioxidant mixture.
The potency of metakaolin as addition material in high strength self-compacting concrete to increase Modulus of Rupture (MOR) in rigid pavement application
Authors: Wibowo W , Safitri E , Setyawan A , Muslih Y , Mediyanto A , Setiawan B , Syaufina T R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study focused on the modulus of rupture (MOR) for high strength self-compacting concrete (SCC) using varied metakaolin (MK) composition. The MOR significantly contributes to the resilience and mechanical performance of the rigid pavement, and is enhanced by modifying the regular concrete material. In addition, the MK is known to be potentially economical and occurs abundantly as natural resources. Plain concrete beams with dimensions 400 x 100 x 100 mm3, were tested in the laboratory in an effort to measure the MOR from varied MK composition for each specimen or modified concrete type. The result showed the MOR increase is exclusively as a result of additional metakaolin. Also, the newly modified material was proven to offer more advantages when applied as rigid pavement material. Furthermore, the analytical laboratory result showed the optimum MK dosage was estimated at 20% of the binder weight. This subsequently enhances the MOR by 17.28% compared to non-MK concrete.
Assessing factors towards construction project delays in Indonesia
Authors: Susanti R , Fauziyah S , Suwarto F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Time delay in construction projects causing not only extended duration but also excessive project costs. It is needed by both owner and contractors to have good understanding to delay factors in construction project. The research aim is assesing delay factors in construction project from owner and contractors point of view. Questionnaire was used in this research and data were analyzed through Kendall’s W test using SPSS programme. This research has analyzed 15 delay factors in construction projecy i.e land acquisition delay, location, social, contract change order (CCO), rework, quality of subcontractor, delay in permits, poor planning, unstable material price, law and regulation, owner required, inflation, payment delay, cash flow and bad weather. The research finding land acquisition delay as the top of delay factors in construction project in Indonesia.
The difference in antioxidant capacity and tannin level in the production of parijoto fruit extract based dodol (sweet toffeelike sugar palm-based confection) using 4 different types of solvent
Authors: Ansori M , Wahyuningsih  , Fathonah S , Rosidah  , Yulianti N A H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of parijoto/showy Asian grape fruit (Medinella speciosa L) extract in the making of dodol ganyong (sweet canna tubers sugar palm-based confection) can increase its shelf life up to more than 6 months. In the next study, dodol with additional red fermented rice extract up to 100% of the basic ingredients which was extracted using water as the solvent increased the beta carotene content up to 87 µg and the antioxidant capacity by around 10%. These conditions indicate that adding antioxidant sources can improve the quality of dodol. However, the addition must be significant enough so that it does not only increase the antioxidant capacity, but also preserves the life. The up to 10% increase in the antioxidant capacity is sufficient to prevent dodol from rancidity but is unable to avoid the microbial growth on the dodol. The ineffectiveness of the antioxidant use in the previous study is suspected due to the incompatibility of the extraction solvent used. Antioxidant compounds can be optimally dissolved in the extraction process if it uses a solvent with compatible electronegativity. In previous research, the making of dodol using parijoto fruit which was extracted using water successfully preserved the dodol and avoided rancidity and xerophilic fungi growth. This study re-examined the use of 4 different solvents in the extraction of Parijoto fruit in the making of sticky rice dodol. The solvents are water, 3% of soda water, 96% of ethanol and 96% of acetone. To have a good quality dodol, the extraction of Parijoto fruit using each solvent was examined by observing the level of extraction efficiency, tannin level as the indicator of anti-microbial and antioxidant capacity. The research data showed that the highest extraction efficiency level of Parijoto fruit was found in the extraction using water and soda water 3% (79% and 78%). The highest tannin level was found in the extraction of parijoto fruit using 96% ethanol (30mgTAE /100g), while the lowest was found in the extraction with water (3.5 mg TAE/100g) as the solvent. Sequentially, the highest antioxidant capacity level of Parijoto fruit extract is produced when 96% of ethanol (75%), 96% of acetone (72%), 3% of soda water (60%) and water (53%) are used as solvents. The extractions of antioxidant capacity from Parijoto fruit using 4 types of solvents were all classified as “satisfactory”.
Experiment on Soil Squeezing Effect During Penetration of PHC Pipe Pile Static Pressure Pile in Deep Silt Site
Authors: Wang Qi , Ding Jihui , Zhang Jinlei , Yan Shengkang , Yu Zenghui , Wang Haochen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper takes the construction of a foundation pile project in Wenzhou as an example. Through indoor experiments, the law of squeezing soil stress with time and space and the dissipation of pore water pressure during the process of pile driving are studied. The test results show that (1) the static pressure of pipe pile driving has a good exponential increase relationship with the pile penetration depth; (2) the pile bottom pressure and radial squeezing soil pressure have a linear relationship with the pile penetration depth; (3) the radial earth pressure increases with the static pressure on the top of the pile during pile sinking, while decreases during unloading; the increment of radial earth pressure decreases with the increase of the distance between the pile and the measuring point, and the radial squeezing range can be determined according to the increase ratio of the radial earth pressure; (4) the ratio of the excess pore water pressure to the distance from the measuring point to the pile diameter decreases exponentially.
Review of Chemical Viscosity Reduction Technology for Ordinary Heavy Oil Reservoirs based on Environmental Protection
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Zhang Fusheng , Zhang Chunhui , Tan Jing , Liu Guoliang , Li Xuening , Wang Wenqian , Sun Guirong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the increase of crude oil production in the world, the proportion of conventional crude oil is gradually reduced, so the recovery of heavy oil has become the development trend. Due to the characteristics of high viscosity and low fluidity of heavy oil, its exploitation difficulty is much higher than that of conventional heavy oil, which has become the main problem restricting its exploitation and utilization. In this paper, the commonly used chemical viscosity reduction technologies for heavy oil were reviewed, including emulsification viscosity reduction technology, oil-soluble viscosity reduction technology and catalytic modification viscosity reduction technology. Combined with literature and related oilfield experiments, this paper analyzed the mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of technologies and prospected for future technology development of viscosity reduction technology.
Fabrication of rGO/Cuprous Oxide Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing
Authors: Wu Zhekun , Wang Yanyan , Ying Shuyang , Huang Manman , Peng Changsi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report a simple fabrication of a gas sensor using a nanohybrid composite of reduced graphene oxide/cuprous oxide (rGO/Cu2O). The deoxidation of GO occurs meanwhile with the synthesis of Cu2O. The Cu2O component of the nanohybrid material has a linear morphology and a micron size, which is homogeneously mixed with rGO. The rGO/Cu2O gas sensor can effectively detect ppm level of NO2 gas, showing an outstanding reusability. Because rGO/Cu2O has a large specific surface area, it is more conducive to gas adsorption on its surface. Its good effect on detecting NO2 proves that the sensor has good commercial prospects.
Analysis of Three-dimensional Fluorescence Characteristics of Extracellular Polymeric Substances at Internal Points in MPR at Low Temperature
Authors: Tian Xi , Lv Yanhong , Liu Ying , Li Xuejiao , Ren Zhiming , Liu Xin , Bian Dejun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Through three-dimension excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence regional integration (FRI), the content and composition changes of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in different regions in the Micro-Pressure Inner-Loop Bioreactor (MPR) were analyzed, and the law of EPS in spatial points was found. The analysis shows that the high excitation wavelength tryptophan-like Peak T1 and the low excitation wavelength tyrosine-like Peak B appear in the spectra of tightly-bounded EPS (TB-EPS) and loosely-bounded EPS (LB-EPS) at different points. The content of protein substances in EPS is relatively high. In addition, the unique flow pattern in the reactor forms a multi-oxygen zone, which causes the total amount of EPS and the content of various organic substances, especially protein substances, to increase from the center of the reactor to the outside.
Failure Analysis on Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe
Authors: Song Chengli , Liu Xinbao , Bai Zhenquan , Kuang Xianren , Wang Shuai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, fiber reinforced thermoplastic pipe (FRTP) has been widely used in oil fields of China due to its excellent corrosion resistance and coiling performance. With the further expansion of application scope, some failure accidents have occurred. Based on the inspection of the wall thickness, chemical composition and physical properties of a failed FRTP in the western oilfield of China, the causes are systematically analyzed. The results show that the main cause of the sample fracture is the decrease of the strength of FRTP due to the oil and gas media constantly penetrate into the lining and reinforced layer during the long-term service. Moreover, it is found that the outer sheath is worn and penetrated to the reinforced layer which further reduces the bearing pressure performance of FRTP and finally causes the fracture failure.
Prevalence and species diversity of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) from selected soil samples in Penang Island, Malaysia
Authors: Haziqah M T F , Farhani R N , Hanim I A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A total of 90 soil samples were collected from playground, beach, and residential areas in Penang Island, Malaysia. STH parasites eggs were recovered by using McMaster method and sedimentation method which were then examined using the light microscope. It was found that 17.8% (16/90) soil samples examined were identified to be infected with STH parasites in this study. Out of 40 soil samples collected from residential areas, Ascaris sp. eggs (22.5%) were identified most frequently, followed by hookworm eggs (7.5%) and Toxocara sp. eggs (5%). In playground areas, only two soil samples (6.67%) were found positive for Ascaris sp. eggs. Meanwhile, all samples collected from beach areas were negative for STH parasites. It was also found that sandy soil type (85.71%) had the most occurrence of STH parasites compared to loamy soil type (14.29%) whereas none was found in clay soil. In this study, the overall prevalence of STH parasites was consider as moderate in all the three different sampling sites. Environmental contamination with Ascaris sp. and Toxocara sp. could possibly be due to defecation by stray animals and owned animals (pets) at the playground and the residentials areas. Nevertheless, appropriate measures need to be taken in order to improve the environment and basic hygiene through a comprehensive community-oriented health education program along with periodic deworming of the companion animals.
Development of environmental-friendly biofoam cup made from sugarcane bagasse and coconut fiber
Authors: Indarti E , Muliani S , Wulya S , Rafiqah R , Sulaiman I , Yunita D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Styrofoam is in high demand by street vendors and is often used as food packaging. This can cause an emergence of environmental problems because it cannot decompose. On the other hand, there is much waste from agricultural products such as sugarcane bagasse and coconut fiber which frequently accumulate on the side of Banda Aceh’s road without further processing. In this research, the sugarcane bagasse and coconut fiber have been used in the production of biodegradable foam (biofoam) with addition of commercial mold (ragi tempe; Rhizopus sp.). The aim of this experiment was to design and create a biofoam cup to substitute plastic or styrofoam cups. The objectives of this research were to develop the formulation for biofoam production specifically in finding the best percentage of ragi tempe. Prior to the biofoam manufacturing process, a survey was conducted to assess the extent of styrofoam and plastic food packaging in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Three experiments were then conducted to find the best biofoam formulation so that the mold could grow to cover the raw material. The survey showed that styrofoam is the most widely used type of food packaging (68.6%) followed by plastic (37.2%). The biofoam cup was made with 200 g sugarcane bagasse or coconut fiber, 35 ml water, 25 g flour, and 13 g ragi tempe. However, further research is needed to examine the strength of the resulting biofoam cup.
Elucidation of aerobic bacteria diversity in neera water from coconut and nipa tree
Authors: Saini H S , Rahim N S A , Yaakop A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Neera water is among Malaysian favorite local beverage, there were a lot of studies on its composition and its nutrional value, however the microbial diversity inside the water has been understudy. Two type of neera water were collected and cultured on nutrient agar (NA) media. Single colonies of bacteria formed were selected and re-isolated on NA agar to obtain a pure culture and incubated at 37°C±1°C. The isolates were proceeded to further identification by morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis. 23 aerobic bacteria was isolated and identified in this research, 14 isolates were obtained from nipa neera and nine isolates were obtained from coconut neera. Those bacteria were identified as Serratia sp. Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp. Bacillus sp., Microbacterium sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Bacillus cereus and Pantoea anthophila respectively. Most of the identified bacteria were first reported to be present in neera sap which show a good fundamentals knowledge for others researcher. The bacteria present in nipa neera water and coconut neera water were also found to be different.
Prospect of propolis from stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama as biological control of the subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus
Authors: Zakeri H A , Kannan M , Kumar N M , Azmi W A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study applies a propolis from a stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama as an alternative to control the infestation of a subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus. The objective of this study was to assess the antitermitic activity of stingless bee’s propolis as termiticide based on its repellency activity, contact toxicity effect as well as its ability to act as cellulase inhibitor. The bioactive components of the propolis in terms of the phenolics and flavonoids content were also determined. It was observed that the propolis is a termite’s repellent with a preference index of -0.73. Upon contact, it can kill 50% of the termite’s population within 1.5 hours with lethal concentration of about 16% (w/v). It’s extract also can inhibit cellulase activity of termites. Diameter of the clear zone on the CMC agar was found to be significantly reduced from 3.1 cm to 2.4 cm when 30% (w/v) propolis’s extract was added into the termite extract at the ratio of 1 to 4 (termite: propolis extract). In conclusion, from the results obtained, propolis from Heterotrigona itama has high potential to be used as an environmentally safe alternative to chemical termiticide.
Endophytic Aspergillus species from corn kernels in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Terna P T , Mohamed Nor N M I , Zakaria L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Endophytes are micro-organisms that infect and colonize internal tissues of host plants without causing obvious disease symptoms. Although most endophyte-plant relationships occur in the absence of the manifestation of disease, infections by some endophytic Aspergillus species may occur, leading to the production of mycotoxins in infected plant tissues by toxigenic species. In this study, endophytic Aspergillus species from kernels of corn plants in six states of Peninsular Malaysia were isolated and identified. A total of 178 isolates of endophytic Aspergillus belonging to two species, were recovered from surface disinfected corn kernels after 4-7 days of incubation on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), and identified using morphological characteristics on different growth media. Endophytic Aspergillus flavus was the most commonly isolated species (n=177), followed by Aspergillus tubingensis (n=1). Measures to control seed infection by endophytic Aspergillus species are required to improve corn seed health and preserve corn yield in Peninsular Malaysia.
Characteristics of Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria based on the results of PCR examinations in Aceh Besar District
Authors: Puetri N R , Fahrimal Y , Farida  , Salmiaty  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Malaria is a disease that conducted the health problems in Indonesia. Human malaria is caused by Plasmodium. There are 5 types of plasmodium, which were known to be able to infect humans, namely Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi. The increasing of malaria cases due to Plasmodium knowlesi in Aceh Besar District for the period 2019-2020 be the fundamental of this research related to the proportion of patient characteristics, which include: sex, age, occupation, domicile and health facilities that carry out examinations and provide treatment and the connection with the PCR examination results. This research applied a descriptive method with cross-sectional design. The total sample were 39 samples with a total positive PCR sample were 16 samples that consists of 81.3% of male gender (13 people), 62.5% of adult (10 people), 56.3% of worker (9 people), 75% of native (12 people) and 81.3% of the people from Lembah Seulawah health center (13 people). The characteristics patients infected by Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in the Aceh Besar District are: Male, adult, working, native population and the highest number were in the Lembah Seulawah Health Center.
Effect of dilution gas composition on the evolution of graphite electrode characteristics in the spark gap switch
Authors: DAI Hongyu , LI Lee , REN Shuai , GUO Jingrun , GONG Xin , MURPHY Anthony Bruce 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the widely implemented electrode material, graphite has the characteristic of sublimation by the thermal shock of the switching arc, and the produced carbon vapor is easy to condense into carbon powders and deposit in the switch. The impact of the type of dilution gas in a mixture of 20% oxygen and 80% dilution gas on the sublimation and oxidation characteristics of the graphite electrode is investigated. It is found that when nitrogen dilution gas was replaced by argon, the heat flux to the electrodes decreased, which led to a 63% reduction of graphite sublimation. At the same time, the cooling rate of the arc was slower in argon, which promotes oxidation of the carbon vapor. The residual solid carbon can be reduced by 70%–85% by using argon as the dilution gas. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the stability and working life of the switch could be increased by appropriate selection of the dilution gas.
ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Dispensing and administration—2020
Authors: Pedersen Craig A , Schneider Philip J , Ganio Michael C , Scheckelhoff Douglas J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Results of the 2020 ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings are presented.

Methods
Pharmacy directors at 1,437 general and children’s medical/surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by email and mail. Survey completion was online. IQVIA supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from the IQVIA hospital database.

Results
The response rate was 18.7%. Almost all hospitals (92.5%) have a method for pharmacists to review medication orders on demand. Most hospitals (74.5%) use automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) as their primary method for drug distribution. A third of hospitals use barcodes to verify doses during dispensing in the pharmacy and to verify ingredients when intravenous medications are compounded. More than 80% scan barcodes when restocking ADCs. Sterile workflow management technology is used in 21.3% of hospitals. Almost three-quarters of hospitals outsource some sterile preparations. Pharmacists can independently prescribe in 21.1% of hospitals. Pharmacist practice in ambulatory clinics in 46.2% of health systems and provide telepharmacy services in 28.4% of health systems.

Conclusion
Pharmacists continue their responsibility in their traditional role in preparation and dispensing of medications. They have successfully employed technology to improve safety and efficiency in performance of these duties and have employed emerging technologies to improve the safety, timeliness, and efficiency of the administration of drugs to patients. As pharmacists continue to expand their role to all aspects of medication use, new opportunities highlighted in ASHP’s Practice Advancement Initiative 2030 have been identified.