bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Conditions in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Asexual Youth in Brazil: a call for action
Authors: Terra Tauana , Schafer Julia L. , Pan Pedro M. , Costa Angelo Brandelli , Caye Arthur , Gadelha Ary , Miguel Eurípedes , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Rohde Luis A. , Salum Giovanni A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Asexual (LGBTQA+) youth have a greater odds of experiencing stressful life events like discrimination and violence when compared to their cisgender heterosexual peers, which can lead to mental health problems. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders among LGBTQA+ youths from the 3rd wave of the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Psychiatric Disorders (n= 1,475). Mental disorders were assessed using the Brazilian version of the Development and Well-Being Behavior Assessment. Sexual orientation, gender identity and biological sex were assessed using specific questions of a self-report confidential questionnaire. Data were analyzed using sampling weights to account for attrition and our oversampling design. The mean age was 18.14 years (SD= 2.00) and 15.18% of the sample described themselves as LGBTQA+ (n=221). The LGBTQA+ group presented higher rates of anxiety disorders (30.14% vs. 13.37%; OR= 3.66; 95%CI: 2.82 - 4.75; p<0.001), depressive disorders (27.75% vs. 15.34%; OR= 2.51; 95%CI: 1.92 - 3.27, p<0.001) and post-traumatic stress disorder (4.98% vs. 2.25%, OR= 4.21, 95%CI: 2.54 - 6.96, p<0.001), if compared with the cisgender heterosexual group. No difference was found for conduct disorders (2.97% vs. 5.21% OR= 0.81; 95%CI: 0.39 - 1.69; p=0.577) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (5.92% vs. 3.28%, OR= 1.29; 95%CI: 0.74 - 2.25; p=0.361). Our results elucidate the mental health disparities between LGBTQA+ people and cisgender heterosexuals in Brazil. It highlights the need to promote the inclusion of this population in policy formulation and to support actions to mitigate and prevent the suffering and mental health problems related to sexual orientation and gender identity.
HbA1c and FIB-4 as Serologic Markers for the Risk of Progression of Stage A Heart Failure
Authors: Grigg William , Mahfooz Faisal , Chaudhary Dharmista , Zapata Isain , Duffee Douglas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe classic association of glycemic control as represented by glycosylated hemoglobin (Glyco% or HbA1c) with progression of micro and macro vascular clinical complications is well documented. However, use of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) axis as a marker for early diastolic hemodynamic changes leading to clinical heart failure has been suggested but is less well characterized. This study explored the association between elevated Glyco% and Fibrosis 4 (FIB-4, a 4-component marker for liver fibrosis) values and worsening measures of diastolic cardiac function in order to assess their utility as early serologic markers in cardiovascular disease prevention.Methods and ResultsA Retrospective cohort analysis was conducted in 102 patients presenting to the Parkview Medical Center health system who had received a full resting echo characterized by normal systolic ejection fraction and clinical risk factors associated with stage A heart failure in conjunction with Glyco% and FIB-4 scores all within a 3-month time window. Using regression analysis, measures of diastolic cardiac function were assessed in conjunction with rising Glyco% levels characterized as <6.5 and > 6.5 and FIB-4 scores after controlling for the presence of hypertension, coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease. Glyco% levels > 6.5 were significantly associated with a higher E/e’ ratio and closely associated with an elevated left atrial volume index both indicative of elevated left atrial pressure as a sensitive marker for diastolic cardiac dysfunction. FIB-4 scores did not appear to be clinically associated with progression of diastolic dysfunction.ConclusionsGlyco%, long known to be a marker for metabolic glycemic control can also act as an early marker for identifying patients at increased risk for the progression of stage A heart failure. FIB-4 scores cannot.Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04450576?term=duffee&draw=2&rank=3
Service user perspectives of community mental health services for people with complex emotional needs: a co-produced qualitative interview study
Authors: Trevillion Kylee , Stuart Ruth , Ocloo Josephine , Broeckelmann Eva , Jeffreys Stephen , Jeynes Tamar , Allen Dawn , Russell Jessica , Billings Jo , Crawford Mike J , Dale Oliver , Haigh Rex , Moran Paul , McNicholas Shirley , Nicholls Vicky , Foye Una , Simpson Alan , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Johnson Sonia , Oram Sian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is consensus that services supporting people with complex emotional needs are part of a mental health care system in which change is needed. To date, service users’ views and co-production exercises have had little impact on the development of treatment and care. This needs to change, and our paper evidences the experiences and perspectives of a diverse range of people on how community services can best address the needs of people with complex emotional needs.MethodsA co-produced qualitative research study. Lived experience researchers led data collection and analysis. Individual interviews were conducted with 30 people across England who had a diverse range of experiences and perspectives of using community services for complex emotional needs. Participants were asked about their experiences of using community services for their mental health, and views on how community services can best address their needs. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsParticipants reported some experiences of good practice but also of experiences of severely stigmatising treatment, a lack of effective support and service fragmentation.Relational Practicewas identified as the central overarching theme and describes how community services can best support people with complex emotional needs. This approach involves care delivered in a non-stigmatising, individualised, compassionate and trauma-informed manner. It involves care that is planned collaboratively with service users to ensure their multiple needs are addressed in a flexible, holistic and consistent way which accounts for the long-term and fluctuating nature of their needs.ConclusionsRelational practice approaches have potential to facilitate better community care for people with complex emotional needs. Research and service development are needed to examine how best to implement such approaches across the mental health service system. This work must be co-produced with people with relevant lived experience, their carers and the professionals who support them.
Factors influencing focused practice: A qualitative study of resident and early-career family physician practice choices
Authors: Kabir Monisha , Randall Ellen , Mitra Goldis , Lavergne M. Ruth , Scott Ian , Snadden David , Jones Lori , Goldsmith Laurie J. , Marshall Emily G. , Grudniewicz Agnes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough focused practice within family medicine may be increasing globally, there is limited research on the factors contributing to decisions to focus practice. We aimed to examine the factors influencing resident and early-career family physician choices of focused practice across three Canadian provinces.MethodsWe analyzed a subset of qualitative interview data from a study across British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. A total of 22 resident family physicians and 38 early-career family physicians in their first 10 years of practice who intend to or currently practice in a focused area were included in our analysis. We compared participant types, provinces, and the degree of focused practice while identifying themes related to factors influencing the pursuit of focused practice.ResultsWe identified three key themes of factors contributing to choices of focused practice: self-preservation within the current health care system, support from colleagues, and experiences in medical school and/or residency. Minor themes included alignment of practice with skills, personal values, or ability to derive professional satisfaction; personal lived experiences; and having many attractive opportunities for focused practice.InterpretationBoth groups of participants unanimously viewed focused practice as a way to circumvent the burnout or exhaustion they associated with comprehensive practice in the current structure of the health care. This finding, in addition to other influential factors, was consistent across the three provinces. More research is needed to understand the implications of resident and early-career family physician choices of focused practice within the physician workforce.
Test negative designs with uncertainty, sensitivity, and specificity
Authors: Johnson Erik K. , Kahn Rebecca , Grad Yonatan H. , Lipsitch Marc , Larremore Daniel B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTest-negative designs (TNDs) can be used to estimate vaccine effectiveness by comparing the relative rates of the target disease and symptomatically similar diseases among vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. However, the diagnostic tests used to identify the target disease typically suffer from imperfect sensitivity and specificity, leading to biased vaccine effectiveness estimates. Here we present a solution to this problem via a Bayesian statistical model which can either incorporate point estimates of test sensitivity and specificity, or can jointly infer them directly from laboratory validation data. This approach enables uncertainties in the performance characteristics of the diagnostic test to be correctly propagated to estimates, avoiding both bias and false precision in vaccine effectiveness. By further incorporating individual covariates of study participants, and by allowing data streams from multiple diagnostic test types to be rigorously combined, our approach provides a flexible model for the analysis of TNDs with explicitly stated assumptions.
CMTr cap-adjacent 2’-O-ribose mRNA methyltransferases are required for reward learning and mRNA localization to synapses
Authors: Haussmann Irmgard U. , Wu Yanying , Nallasivan Mohanakarthik P. , Archer Nathan , Bodi Zsuzsanna , Hebenstreit Daniel , Waddell Scott , Fray Rupert , Soller Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCap-adjacent nucleotides of animal, protist and viral mRNAs can be dynamically O-methylated at the 2’ position of the ribose (cOMe). The functions of cOMe in animals, however, remain unknown. Here we show that the two cap methyltransferases (CMTr1 and CMTr2) of Drosophila can methylate the ribose of the first nucleotide in mRNA. Double-mutant flies lack cOMe but are viable. Consistent with prominent neuronal expression, they have a reward learning defect that can be rescued by conditional expression in mushroom body neurons before training. Among CMTr targets are cell adhesion and signaling molecules relevant for learning and cOMe is required for local translation of mRNAs at synapses. Hence, our study reveals a mechanism to co-transcriptionally prime mRNAs by cOMe for localized protein synthesis at synapses.
Dynamic metabolic exchanges between complementary bacterial types provide collaborative stress resistance
Authors: Amarnath Kapil , Narla Avaneesh V. , Pontrelli Sammy , Dong Jiajia , Taylor Brian R. , Caglar Tolga , Schwartzman Julia , Sauer Uwe , Cordero Otto X. , Hwa Terence 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetabolic cross-feeding plays vital roles in promoting ecological diversity. While some microbes depend on exchanges of essential nutrients for growth, forces driving the extensive cross-feeding needed to support the coexistence of free-living microbes are poorly understood. Here we characterize bacterial physiology under self-acidification, and establish that extensive excretion of key metabolites following acidification provides a collaborative, inter-species mechanism of stress resistance. This collaboration occurs not only between species isolated from the same community, but also between unrelated species with complementary (glycolytic vs. gluconeogenic) modes of metabolism. Cultures of such communities cycle through different phases in growth-dilution experiments, comprising of exponential growth, growth arrest upon acidification, collaborative stress relief, and growth recovery, with each phase involving distinct physiological states of individual species. Our findings challenge the static view of ecosystems commonly portrayed in ecological models, and offer an alternative dynamical view based on growth advantages of different species in different phases.
Disease-modifying therapies for T1 hypointense lesions (Black Holes) volume in patients with multiple sclerosis: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Azimi Amir Reza , Sadeghi Maryam , Torbati Mehrnush , Valizadeh Amir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRationaleA major part of diagnosis and follow-up in patients with multiple sclerosis is based on MRI evaluations. As T1-hypointense lesions represent neural destruction or axonal loss and anticipate irreversible disability in the patients, evaluation of the effects of Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the volume of black holes seems necessary.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of FDA approved disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on T1 hypointense lesions (Black Holes) volume in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)Data sourcesWe will search MEDLINE (through Ovid), Embase, and CENTRAL. We won’t consider any timeframe, language, or geographical restrictions.MethodsWe will include only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated the effects of DMTs on black holes mean volume in adult patients diagnosed with any phenotype of multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison to the placebo, routine care, or no treatment regimen. We will assess the risk of bias in the primary studies using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Data will be synthesized based on the random-effects model and results will be plotted on a forest plot. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I2 statistics. If feasible, we will also perform subgroup analyses for each DMT.FundingThis study is not funded.RegistrationPROSPERO submission ID: 262883.
Spectrum of HRCT chest findings in RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 patients at a COVID designated hospital in Nepal
Authors: Basnet Bina , Pant Sujit , Pant Sujata , Rai Kalpana , Tulachan Niraj Basanta , Karki Bibek , Shahi Rajiv , Basnet Shiva Bahadur , Thapa Bikash Bikram 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCOVID-19 pandemic is grappling the world with the surge of infection time and again. Clinicians are trying to justify the ethics of public health care. Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are going undocumented and most of them practice self-isolation. Studies have revealed significant radiological changes among RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 cases.ObjectiveThe aim of this cross-sectional study is to characterized chest CT findings of asymptomatic RT-PCR-positive patients in one of the COVID-designated hospitals in Nepal.ResultsOut of 43, 26 (60.5%) participants had positive Chest CT scan findings consistent with COVID pneumonia. 65% had bilateral and 77% had multifocal lesions. The ground-glass opacities (92%), mixed (ground-glass opacities and consolidation) pattern (30.7%), and consolidation only (34.6%) were common chest CT findings. The median CT score was 3.5 (Interquartile range; 2-6).ConclusionThe majority of the RT-PCR positive asymptomatic patient present with CT scan changes of lungs which are important to determine clinical status, prognosis, and long-term sequel in those cohorts.
Diffuse ions coordinate dynamics in a ribonucleoprotein assembly
Authors: Wang Ailun , Levi Mariana , Mohanty Udayan , Whitford Paul C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProper ionic concentrations are required for the functional dynamics of RNA and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assemblies. While experimental and computational techniques have provided many insights into the properties of chelated ions, less is known about the energetic contributions of diffuse ions to large-scale conformational rearrangements. To address this, we present a model that is designed to quantify the influence of diffuse monovalent and divalent ions on the dynamics of biomolecular assemblies. This model employs all-atom (non-H) resolution and explicit ions, where effective potentials account for hydration effects. We first show that the model accurately predicts the number of excess Mg2+ ions for prototypical RNA systems, at a level comparable to modern coarse-grained models. We then apply the model to a complete ribosome and show how the balance between diffuse Mg2+ and K+ ions can control the dynamics of tRNA molecules during translation. The model predicts differential effects of diffuse ions on the free-energy barrier associated with tRNA entry and the energy of tRNA binding to the ribosome. Together, this analysis reveals the direct impact of diffuse ions on the dynamics of an RNP assembly.TOC Graphic
Arrival and proliferation of the invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae in NE Atlantic islands
Authors: Faria João , Prestes Afonso CL , Moreu Ignacio , Martins Gustavo M , Neto Ana I , Cacabelos Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study reports the recent occurrence and expansion of Rugulopteryx okamurae in the Azores archipelago (NE Atlantic). Morphological and molecular characters confirmed the species identification. Quick surveys around the island of São Miguel showed that it has successfully colonized the island and is quickly expanding. In some locations, R. okamurae is currently the dominant organism smothering all other benthic biota and posing a serious threat to the benthic ecosystems across the region. The species first record dates from 2019 near the main harbour of the island, suggesting that its introduction was driven by human-assisted transport, via boat ballast waters or adhered to ship hulls and likely originating from the Mediterranean populations that have been proliferating in recent years across the Strait of Gibraltar.
Gestationally-Dependent Immune Organization at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
Authors: Moore Amber R. , Gonzalez Nora Vivanco , Plummer Katherine A. , Mitchel Olivia R. , Kaur Harleen , Rivera Moises , Collica Brian , Palmer Theo D. , Bendall Sean C. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe immune system and placenta have a dynamic relationship across gestation to accommodate fetal growth and development. High-resolution characterization of this maternal- fetal interface is necessary to better understand the immunology of pregnancy and its complications. We developed a single-cell framework to simultaneously immuno-phenotype circulating, endovascular, and tissue-resident cells at the maternal-fetal interface throughout gestation, discriminating maternal and fetal contributions. Our data reveal distinct immune profiles across the endovascular and tissue compartments with tractable dynamics throughout gestation that respond to a systemic immune challenge in a gestationally-dependent manner. We uncover that mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils drive the temporal immune composition of the placenta with remarkably diverse populations, including PD-L1-expressing subsets having compartmental and early gestational bias. Our approach and accompanying datasets provide a resource for additional investigations into gestational immunology and evoke a more significant role for the innate immune system in establishing the microenvironment of early pregnancy.Abstract Figure
Room-temperature Storage of Lyophilized Engineered Bacteria using Tardigrade Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Authors: Yang Yixian , Jiao Zhandong , Zhang Shao , Shan Mingjian , Duan Sizhe , Wang Xinyuan , Wang Siyuan , Tang Yiming , Wang Shiqi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTardigrades, which live in transiently wet environments such as moss, are well-known for their extreme resistance to desiccation. Tardigrade intrinsically disordered proteins (TDPs) have been reported to also protect bacteria and yeast under desiccation [4, 5, 32]. In this study, we utilized lyophilization to achieve room-temperature storage of engineered bacteria. By using TDPs, engineered bacteria are protected under lyophilization and their original functions are preserved [12, 17, 18]. This study shows that TDPs can be expressed in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 and DH5α, and bacteria treated with Cytosolic-abundant heat soluble protein (CAHS) 106094 displayed the highest survival rate after lyophilization [16, 41, 44]. Moreover, this study shows that the co-expression of TDPs can improve the preservation of bacteria and maintain high survival rates after prolonged room temperature storage. Additionally, the TDPs can be expressed using different vectors, which means that they can be used in different types of engineered bacteria. This study offers a new storage method that not only improves the storage of biological material for industrial and daily usage, but also for future iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine Competition) teams to store and use their engineered bacteria in different applications.
Towards the Interpretability of Deep Learning Models for Multi-modal Neuroimaging: Finding Structural Changes of the Ageing Brain
Authors: Hofmann Simon M. , Beyer Frauke , Lapuschkin Sebastian , Goltermann Ole , Loeffler Markus , Müller Klaus-Robert , Villringer Arno , Samek Wojciech , Witte A. Veronica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBrain-age (BA) estimates based on deep learning are increasingly used as neuroimaging biomarker for brain health; however, the underlying neural features have remained unclear. We combined ensembles of convolutional neural networks with Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) to detect which brain features contribute to BA. Trained on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a population-based study (n=2637, 18-82 years), our models estimated age accurately based on single and multiple modalities, regionally restricted and whole-brain images (mean absolute errors 3.37-3.86 years). We find that BA estimates capture aging at both small and large-scale changes, revealing gross enlargements of ventricles and subarachnoid spaces, as well as white matter lesions, and atrophies that appear throughout the brain. Divergence from expected aging reflected cardiovascular risk factors and accelerated aging was more pronounced in the frontal lobe. Applying LRP, our study demonstrates how superior deep learning models detect brain-aging in healthy and at-risk individuals throughout adulthood.