bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the nexus between domestic investment, foreign direct investment and external debt in SSA countries: PMG‐ARDL approach
Authors: Fonchamnyo Dobdinga Cletus , Dinga Gildas Dohba , Ngum Vahsegmi Carolle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the short‐ and long‐run effects of external debt and foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1990 to 2017. We employ the pooled mean group ARDL technique and panel Granger causality test to attain the objectives of the study. The result indicates that FDI exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on domestic investment in the short run whereas external debt has an insignificant negative effect. In the long run, the result shows that external debt and FDI have a crowding out effect on domestic investment in SSA. Equally, a circular unidirectional link is found among the variables from domestic investment to FDI, FDI to external debt, and from external debt to domestic investment. We recommend that SSA countries should channel external debt to productive sectors like road infrastructures and energy, control corruption and improve the business environment to attract both domestic and foreign investors.
Administering inequality? The National Disability Insurance Scheme and administrative burdens on individuals
Authors: Carey Gemma , Malbon Eleanor , Blackwell James 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the last 30 years, governments have sought to give citizens greater choice and control of the public services they utilise. As a result, we have seen the creation of various forms of public sector markets, including through contracting and tendering processes and, more recently, by utilising individualised or ‘personalised’ care budgets. Under the latter, individuals are given money to purchase services that meet their needs. There is growing evidence that personalisation schemes may actually be entrenching administrative burden, due to their unprecedented emphasis on individual skills and advocacy. Moreover, reviews internationally have found that such schemes tend to be administratively complex. This paper uses a systematic review of existing research to explore experiences of administrative burden within the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). We found that the scheme is administratively cumbersome overall, and that burdens are exacerbated for particular social groups. We apply concepts of habitus and capital from Bourdieu to theorise why burdens are experienced differently by different groups, and how to address this in practice. In doing so, we can see that addressing exclusion within the NDIS requires us to move away from problematising individuals to including those individuals in different stages of the design and implementation of administrative systems.
Insurance coverage change and survivorship care among young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Mobley Erin M. , Kim Sue E. , Cousineau Michael , Tsui Jennifer , Miller Kimberly A. , Tobin Jessica , Freyer David R. , Milam Joel E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo (1) characterize change in type of insurance coverage among childhood cancer survivors from diagnosis to survivorship and (2) examine whether insurance change is associated with cancer‐related follow‐up care utilization.Data SourcesParticipants in this study were derived from the Project Forward study, a population‐based, observational study of childhood cancer survivors in Los Angeles County that used California Cancer Registry data to identify participants.Study DesignMultivariable logistic regression models incorporating survey nonresponse weights estimated the change in the marginal predicted probabilities of insurance change and survivorship care, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical covariates and clustering by treating hospital.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsStudy participants were diagnosed with cancer who were younger than age 20 years while living in Los Angeles County from 1996 to 2010 and were older than the age 18 years at the time of survey participation, from 2015 to 2017 (N = 1106).Principal FindingsMost participants were 18–26 years of age, male, diagnosed before 2004, Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity, single, without children, highly educated, not employed full time, and lived with their parents at survey. Almost half (N = 529) of participants experienced insurance change from diagnosis to survivorship. Insurance change was associated with insurance coverage at diagnosis, as those who were uninsured were most likely to experience change and gain coverage during survivorship (by 51 percentage points [ppt], standard error [SE] of 0.05). Survivors who experienced any change had decreased probability of reporting a recent cancer‐related follow‐up care visit, a disparity that was magnified for those who lost insurance coverage (−5 ppt, SE 0.02 for those who gained coverage; −15 ppt, SE 0.04 for those who lost coverage).ConclusionsInsurance coverage change was associated with lower cancer‐related follow‐up care utilization. Indeed, survivors who experienced any insurance coverage change had decreased probability of having a cancer‐related follow‐up care visit, and this was magnified for those who lost their insurance coverage.
Future trends of processed meat products concerning perceived healthiness: A review
Authors: Badar Iftikhar Hussain , Liu Haotian , Chen Qian , Xia Xiufang , Kong Baohua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 21st‐century consumer is highly demanding when it comes to the health benefits of food and food products. In the pursuit of attracting these consumers and easing the rise in demand for high‐quality meat products, the processed meat sector is intensely focused on developing reformulated, low‐fat, healthy meat products. Meat and meat products are considered the primary sources of saturated fatty acids in the human diet. Therefore, these reformulation strategies aim to improve the fatty acid profile and reduce total fat and cholesterol, which can be achieved by replacing animal fat with plant‐based oils; it could be performed as direct inclusion of these oils or pre‐emulsified oils. However, emulsions offer a viable option for incorporating vegetable oils while avoiding the multiple issues of direct inclusion of these oils in meat products. Processed meat products are popular worldwide and showing a gradually increasing trend of consumption. Various types of plant‐based oils have been studied as fat replacers in meat products. This review will focus on possible methods to reduce the saturated fatty acid content in meat products.
The factors influencing the identification of the chronological intersecting sequence between ink and toner
Authors: Chai Tianruomei , Li Biao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdentifying the formation time of a document is a problem forensic document examiners often face. It is understood that intersections with different intersecting sequences made by the same laser printer and the same gel pen are distinct from each other under coaxial light, and the appearance of an oil film or bright metallic marks in the regions of interest can be used as the basis to identify that the ink is above the toner. However, the characteristics of intersections may be influenced by a number of factors. Studying the characteristics of the intersections formed by laser‐printed graphics and handwriting strokes made with a gel pen in different intersecting sequences can help us determine the formation sequence of each part on a questioned document. In this manuscript, samples were made using three pen types and two laser printers. A Leica stereo microscope M205A was used to capture the apparent morphology of the intersections. Microspectrophotometry spectra of all intersections were collected in reflectance mode using a video spectral comparator 6000 (VSC6000), and the resultant data were measured and analyzed in Statistical Product and Service Solutions 26.0 (SPSS). The results showed that 92.5% absolute accuracy was achieved from blind tests, and the intersecting sequence can be determined using the optical data of the intersections with an accuracy of up to 97.5% through discriminant analysis under ideal conditions.
Rising inequalities, deepening divides: Urban citizenship in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Recio Redento B. , Lata Lutfun Nahar , Chatterjee Ishita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs governments around the globe navigate the effects of COVID‐19 crisis, the urban poor endure the unevenly distributed socio‐economic impacts of the pandemic. This burden is more pronounced in Global South megacities, where millions of people engage in precarious informal employment. We examine how the urban poor in Delhi (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh), and Manila (Philippines) have been disproportionately affected by the crisis. A cross‐case analysis was undertaken to determine how the realities and relations of one context can enrich our understanding of the other. We argue that the current COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the unequal urban citizenship in these three metropolises. Drawing on research reports, news articles, and interviews with urban poor leaders, we explain how limited government assistance has forced some to retreat to their rural hometowns or rely on self‐help and mutual aid practices to survive. We consider the patterns both in governments’ treatment of impoverished citizens and in the unjust effects of lockdown enforcement on marginalised populations. We also discuss the roles that women and non‐government organisations (NGOs) have played in facilitating solidarity‐based practices to help urban poor communities cope with COVID‐19 vulnerabilities.
Profiling the physiological pitfalls of anti‐hepatitis C direct‐acting agents in budding yeast
Authors: Yahya Galal , Hashem Mohamed Nashwa , Pijuan Jordi , Seleem Noura M. , Mosbah Rasha , Hess Steffen , Abdelmoaty Ahmed A. , Almeer Rafa , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed M. , Shulaywih Alshaman Hamoud , Juraiby Ibrahim , Metwally Kamel , Storchova Zuzana 
Published: August 2021

SummarySofosbuvir and Daclatasvir are among the direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) medications prescribed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection as combination therapy with other antiviral medications. DAA‐based therapy achieves high cure rates, reaching up to 97% depending on the genotype of the causative hepatitis C virus (HCV). While DAAs have been approved as an efficient and well‐tolerated therapy for CHC, emerging concerns about adverse cardiac side effects, higher risk of recurrence and occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and doubts of genotoxicity have been reported. In our study, we investigated in detail physiological off‐targets of DAAs and dissected the effects of these drugs on cellular organelles using budding yeast, a unicellular eukaryotic organism. DAAs were found to disturb the architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria, while showing no apparent genotoxicity or DNA damaging effect. Our study provides evidence that DAAs are not associated with genotoxicity and highlights the necessity for adjunctive antioxidant therapy to mitigate the adverse effects of DAAs on ER and mitochondria.
Geothermal Model of the Fore‐Yenisey Sedimentary Basin—Transitional Structure between the Ancient Siberian Platform and the Young West Siberian Plate
Authors: NOVIKOV Dmitriy , DULTSEV Fedor , FILIPPOV Yuriy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResults of the investigation into the geothermal regime of the Fore‐Yenisey sedimentary basin, formed during the collision and subsidence of the Kas‐Turukhan microcontinent and the western margin of the Siberian craton in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic are reported. It was established that the structural and geothermal conditions of the upper Precambrian–Paleozoic sections are similar to those in the western regions of the Siberian platform and are characterized by rather low geothermal gradients (12.5–25.5 °C/km). In the western parts of the basin, formation temperatures in the uppermost pre‐Jurassic sediments are 50°C–85°C, decreasing eastward to 30°C–55°C. For the first time, the detailed geothermal model of the basin sedimentary fill was developed. This model allows predictions of the geothermal conditions of Earth's interior.
Advances and highlights in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Lan Feng , Zhang Luo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a growing public health, medical and economic problem worldwide. The current review describes the major discoveries related to AR during the past 2 years, including risk factors for the prevalence of AR, the corresponding diagnostic strategy, precise underlying immunological mechanisms, and efficient therapies for AR during the ongoing global “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID‐19) pandemic. The review further attempts to highlight future research perspectives. Increasing evidence suggests that environmental exposures, climate changes, and lifestyle are important risk factors for AR. Consequently, detailed investigation of the exposome and the connection between environmental exposures and health in the future should provide better risk profiles instead of single predictors, and also help mitigate adverse health outcomes in allergic diseases. Although patients with dual AR, a newly defined AR phenotype, display perennial and seasonal allergens‐related nasal symptoms, they are only allergic to seasonal allergens, indicating the importance of measuring inflammation at the local sites. Herein, we suggest that a combination of precise diagnosis in local sites and traditional diagnostic methods may enhance the precision medicine‐based approach for management of AR; however, this awaits further investigations. Apart from traditional treatments, social distancing, washing hands, and disinfection are also required to better manage AR patients in the ongoing global COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite recent advances in understanding the immune mechanisms underlying the effects of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), further understanding changes of cell profiles after AIT and accurately evaluate the efficacy of AIT are required.
Do you get what you pay for? Preventing insufficient effort responding in MTurk and student samples
Authors: Toich Margaret J. , Schutt Elizabeth , Fisher David M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious research has developed multiple indices to detect instances of insufficient effort responding (IER; Huang et al., 2015, 0.1037/a0038510). Although these techniques are largely successful, conflation between effort and insufficient effort leads to unnecessary data removal, thus warranting investigation into IER prevention strategies such as warning statements. For example, Brühlmann et al. (2020, 10.1016/j.metip.2020.100022) reported that close to 60% of participants were flagged for IER on at least one IER detection index. The current study used positive, negative, and no warning statements in two samples (MTurk and university participant pool) to examine their impact on two types of IER. Results do not support the use of warning statements to reduce IER covertly, overtly, or overall. Although slightly more university participants were flagged for IER for two of five IER indices, the remaining three indices did not differ between samples. This finding represents an important contribution to survey research literature by directly comparing samples on a variety of IER indices. Implications for survey research necessitate the examination of additional prevention strategies and sample differences in IER.
Neonatal outcomes after neuraminidase inhibitor use during pregnancy: A meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Lian Jiangshan , Adilijiang Munire , Chang Caihua , Jiang Haiyin , Zhang Yongping 
Published: August 2021

AimInfluenza infection poses a severe threat to pregnant mothers, and antiviral treatment is recommended. However, the safety of neuraminidase‐inhibitor antiviral medications during pregnancy has not been well described.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to evaluate the adverse neonatal outcomes associated with exposure to neuraminidase inhibitors during pregnancy. The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify potential studies for inclusion.ResultsNine cohort studies that estimated adverse neonatal outcomes associated with exposure to neuraminidase‐inhibitor medication during pregnancy were included. Exposure to a neuraminidase inhibitor during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of congenital malformation (odds ratio [OR] 0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72‐1.12, P = .341), low Apgar score (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.77‐1.2, P = .733) or preterm birth (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89‐1.09, P = .771) compared with no exposure. However, exposure to a neuraminidase inhibitor was associated with a reduced risk of low birth weight (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68‐0.92, P = .002) and giving birth to a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69‐0.88, P < .001). Further analyses limited to oseltamivir exposure were consistent with the overall results.ConclusionExposure to neuraminidase‐inhibitor medication during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. We recommend further studies to investigate this association, which will help clinicians determine whether to prescribe a neuraminidase inhibitor during pregnancy.
A randomized, open‐label, two‐period crossover bridging study on fuzuloparib capsules of different specifications in healthy Chinese volunteers
Authors: Jiang Xin , Tao Ye , Liu Yanping , Shi Ping , Li Ting , Sun Feifei , Cao Yu , Wang Chenjing 
Published: August 2021

AimsFuzuloparib, also known as fluzoparib or SHR3162, is a poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor developed for the treatment of malignant tumours. Three specifications of fuzuloparib capsules (10 mg, 40 mg and 100 mg) were originally developed for clinical trials. After the recommended dose was determined, a new specification of fuzuloparib capsule (50 mg) was produced for clinical use. This bridging study was conducted to determine the bioequivalence of the new specification to the three other specifications at the recommended dose.MethodsA single‐centre, randomized, open‐label, two‐period, crossover bridging study was conducted in 40 healthy Chinese subjects under fed conditions. Enrolled subjects received a single oral dose of test or reference preparations according to a randomization list in the first period and crossed over to receive the other preparations in the second period after a 6‐day washout interval. Blood samples were collected pre‐dose and post‐dose at specified time intervals. Plasma fuzuloparib concentrations were analysed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS). A non‐compartment model was adopted to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters of investigational preparations. Primary PK parameters including area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from administration to the last sampling time (AUC0‐t), AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞) and Cmax of test and reference preparations were compared to evaluate their bioequivalence.ResultsThe 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of geometric mean ratios of AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞ and Cmax were 96.99–104.95%, 97.03–104.93% and 96.53–108.98%, respectively, all of which were within the bioequivalence range of 80–125%. No serious adverse events were observed in this study and no subjects withdrew from the study due to adverse events.ConclusionsThe test preparations were bioequivalent to the reference preparations. All investigational products were well tolerated.
Alpha haemoglobin‐stabilising protein concentration in the red blood cells of patients with sickle cell anaemia with and without hydroxycarbamide treatment
Authors: Vasseur Corinne , Domingues‐Hamdi Elisa , Pakdaman Sadaf , Galactéros Frédéric , Baudin‐Creuza Véronique 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAlpha haemoglobin‐stabilising protein (AHSP) is a key chaperone synthesised in red blood cell (RBC) precursors. Many studies have reported AHSP as a potential biomarker of various diseases. AHSP gene expression has been studied in detail, but little is known about AHSP protein levels in RBCs. We investigated the AHSP concentration of RBC lysates from control subjects (n = 10) and patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) with (n = 10) and without (n = 12) hydroxycarbamide (HC) treatment, to evaluate the clinical relevance of AHSP in SCA. We developed a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method, with which we were able, for the first time, to determine the mean AHSP concentration in control RBC lysates (0·82 µg/ml). The AHSP concentration (2·23 µg/ml) was significantly higher in untreated patients with the SS genotype than in controls. The AHSP concentration decreased significantly on HC treatment (1·50 µg/ml) but remained significantly higher than that in controls. A strong positive correlation was observed between the AHSP concentration and the α‐haemoglobin pool with the three groups of subjects pooled into a single group. Our present findings indicate that AHSP concentration can be considered a candidate biomarker for monitoring HC responses in patients with SCA and suggest a role for AHSP in various RBC diseases.
Presence of ethanol‐sensitive and ethanol‐insensitive glycine receptors in the ventral tegmental area and prefrontal cortex in mice
Authors: Araya Anibal , Gallegos Scarlet , Viveros Rodrigo , San Martin Loreto , Muñoz Braulio , Harvey Robert J. , Zeilhofer Hanns U. , Aguayo Luis G. 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeGlycine receptors composed of α1 and β subunits are primarily found in the spinal cord and brainstem and are potentiated by ethanol (10–100 mM). However, much less is known about the presence, composition and ethanol sensitivity of these receptors in higher CNS regions. Here, we examined two regions of the brain reward system, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), to determine their glycine receptor subunit composition and sensitivity to ethanol.Experimental ApproachWe used Western blot, immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological techniques in three different models: wild‐type C57BL/6, glycine receptor subunit α1 knock‐in and glycine receptor subunit α2 knockout mice.Key ResultsSimilar levels of α and β receptor subunits were detected in both brain regions, and electrophysiological recordings demonstrated the presence of glycine‐activated currents in both areas. Sensitivity of glycine receptors to glycine was lower in the PFC compared with VTA. Picrotoxin only partly blocked the glycine‐activated current in the PFC and VTA, indicating that both regions express heteromeric αβ receptors. Glycine receptors in VTA neurons, but not in PFC neurons, were potentiated by ethanol.Conclusion and ImplicationsGlycine receptors in VTA neurons from WT and α2 KO mice were potentiated by ethanol, but not in neurons from the α1 KI mice, supporting the conclusion that α1 glycine receptors are predominantly expressed in the VTA. By contrast, glycine receptors in PFC neurons were not potentiated in any of the mouse models studied, suggesting the presence of α2/α3/α4, rather than α1 glycine receptor subunits.