bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Structured Educational Program for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Outpatient Care
Authors: Li V. , Dalenov E. 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of structured education of patients with type 2 diabetes in the disease management within the scopeof endocrinological outpatient care. The study was performed among the adult cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes, that were monitored in outpatient servicein Astana.According to the study results 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes, who were observed in outpatient setting, were in a state of poor compensation. Intermediate HbA1clevel was 9,25±0,15%, average BMI was 29,3±0,5 kg/m2, average systolic blood pressure of 154±3,1mm.rt.art., averagediastolic blood pressure 88±1,4 mm.rt.art., total cholesterol 6,94±0,8 mmol/l, triglycerides 1,78±0,1 mmol/l. The study showed significant improvement in compensation of diabetes in patients that attended educational program in comparison with the control group: HbA1c decreased from 9,33±0,18% to 8,21±0,12%. One‐time training course does not lead to long‐term metabolic compensation: after 12 months there was an increase NbA1s with 8,21±0,12% to 8,5±0,12%. In the absence of post‐training self‐monitoring of the blood glucose level, the effectiveness of trainingdecreased: the indicator HbA1cin trained patients but without further self‐monitoring rose again up to 9,3±0,31%, and in patients without any training ‐ 9,33±0,18 p>0.05. According to the test results using a SpielbergerState‐Trait Anxiety questionnaire there was a high level of personal anxiety in 73.3% of patients, which indicatedthat patients were in a state of constant stress. After undergoing the educational program a positive correction of psychological condition of the patients was observed, through decreased level of anxiety: high level of situational anxiety during the training decreased from 24.5% to 8.9%, p<0.05.
Regulation of pancreatic β cell function by GLP‐1 released from α cells in response to activation of TGR5 by bile acids
Authors: Kumar Divya , Asgharpour Amon , Mirshahi Fariddodin , Grider John , Murthy Karnam , Sanyal Arun 
Published: June 2021

We previously showed that activation of Gs‐coupled TGR5 in pancreatic β cells by bile acids induces insulin secretion. Glucagon released from pancreatic α cells and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) released from intestinal L cells regulate insulin secretion. Both glucagon and GLP‐1 are processed from the same precursor, proglucagon by cell‐specific expression of proconvertases 1 (PC1) and PC2.AIMTo test the hypothesis that TGR5 activation upregulates PC1 expression and GLP‐1 release from α cells and promotes insulin release in a paracrine fashion.RESULTSExpression of TGR5 was demonstrated in αTC1‐6 cells and islets from mouse and human. Treatment of αTC1‐6 cells, and islets from mice or human with 25 mM glucose for 7 days induced PC1 expression and GLP‐1 release; the effect of glucose was augmented by lithocholic acid and the TGR5 specific ligand, INT‐777. Insulin secretion by INT‐777 in human islets cultured under 25 mM glucose was inhibited by the GLP‐1 receptor antagonist, exendin (9‐39), suggesting augmentation of β cell function by GLP‐1 released from α cells. Treatment of islets from db/db mice, but not control mice with INT‐777 induced GLP‐1 release. Intraperitoneal treatment with INT‐777 for 7 weeks significantly attenuated the increase in body weight, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice compared to control mice. CONCLUSION. Activation of TGR5 by bile acids augments hyperglycemia‐induced PC1 expression and GLP‐1 release in pancreatic α cells, which in turn, acts in a paracrine manner to promote insulin secretion from β cells. Thus, in diabetes, secretions of α and β cells act in concert to regulate blood glucose levels.
The Efficacy of a Minimal Dose of Aerobic Exercise or Soluble Fiber for Lowering Postprandial Blood Glucose Response
Authors: Elder Anna , Rohrer Christina , Ganther Gretchen , Hunt Brian 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe global prevalence of diabetes is increasing. Thus, strategies to manage blood glucose are of great importance. Previous studies have shown a single dose of exercise or soluble fiber can lower the postprandial glycemic response. These studies, however, typically used large doses of exercise or fiber. Our study aimed to determine if the current minimum dose of aerobic exercise or the minimal recommended serving of soluble fiber is sufficient to significantly reduce postprandial blood glucose response.Methods12 subjects (7 female) between the ages of 18 and 25 yr. participated in the study. After an overnight fast, participants consumed 75g of an oral glucose beverage for each condition: 1) control (glucose drink only), 2) exercise (30 min at 70% of heart rate max), and 3) fiber: 7g of Prima Yerba fiber (3.5g soluble). Order of conditions was balanced across participants. Blood was drawn at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. after consuming the drink and the plasma was analyzed for glucose concentration. Glucose was plotted over time and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated.ResultsThe iAUC under the control condition (202+/‐136 mmol/L.min) was not different from either exercise (229+/‐163 mmol/L.min) or fiber (300+/‐210 mmol/L.min).ConclusionThese data suggest that the current recommended minimal dosage of daily exercise and fiber are not sufficient to acutely manage blood glucose levels.
Analysis and morbidity prognosis for stomach and esophageal cancers in the regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Orazova Galiya , Karp Leonid , Dossakhanov A. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionEsophageal cancer and stomach cancer occupy the leading places in the structure of morbidity and mortality not only in Kazakhstan but also around the world.MethodsMorbidity prognosis for esophageal and stomach cancers within the regions of Kazakhstan was conducted on the basis of on the level of morbidity from 1999 to 2013. Correlation analysis was used for estimation. Morbidity prognosis was conducted by fitting time‐series models, constructed on the basis of<a name=“_GoBack”> </a>dynamic series for the observation period and its extrapolation to 2015‐2016. The length of the prognosis period was determined by the quantity of data.ResultsA strong association was found between the level of morbidity with cancer of esophagus and stomach (r=0.76‐0.78), predominantly in southern regions of the country. A moderate positive association was found in western regions; in other regions there was weak/no association of the level of morbidity with cancer of stomach and esophagus (r<0.33). In general the trend of reduction of morbidity with cancer of esophagus and stomach has been noted in in Kazakhstan; however, the nature of reduction of oncological morbidity is different. In the coming years, comparatively high levels of morbidity are expected in northern and eastern regions of the country (with a downward trend), and also in the central region.ConclusionsThe pattern in the level of morbidity of cancer of the esophagus and stomach in general is subject to common social processes law of development – reduction of morbidity level with decrease of reduction rate. The most common function for reflection of dynamics law of oncological morbidity is a logarithmic function.
Skeletal Muscle Wasting during Cancer Progression: Exploring the Therapeutic Role of Enhanced Aerobic Capacity
Authors: Alves Christiano , das Neves Willian , de Almeida Ney , Voltarelli Vanessa , Lancha Antonio , Brum Patricia 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to test whether enhanced aerobic capacity would counteract cancer cachexia by attenuating skeletal muscle wasting. For doing that, we have standardized a new rat model of cancer cachexia by injecting Walker 256 tumor cells in bone marrow. Importantly, this model displayed anorexia, exacerbated oxidative stress, inflammation and skeletal muscle atrophy restricted to glycolytic fibers. Twelve days post tumor cells injection, rats showed severe aerobic exercise intolerance when compared to health control rats (~2 fold, p < 0.001). Importantly, we observed a correlation between changes in exercise tolerance and the survival rate (p = 0.01, r = 0.74), suggesting that aerobic exercise capacity is a strong predictor of early death. In order to improve oxidative metabolism, we then submitted tumor‐bearing rats to two different exercise training protocols: moderated‐intensity training (MIT) and high‐intensity interval training (HIIT). MIT and HIIT have increased exercise capacity toward control rat levels and improved survival (+21% and +31%, respectively). Importantly, both protocols have not changed tumor size or prevented glycolytic muscle fiber atrophy (p > 0.05). However, MIT and HIIT have enhanced oxidative metabolism evaluated by citrate synthase activity (+71% and +60%, respectively) and total glutathione levels (+44% and +30%, respectively) in plantaris skeletal muscle. Collectively, our results suggest that aerobic exercise training does not counteract cancer‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy, but mitigate oxidative metabolism impairment, increasing survival.Financial support: FAPESP (2014/03016‐8).
Ameloblastoma of the mandible
Authors: Sagyndyk H.L. , Kozhakov B.B. , Batyrov T.W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnder current conditions, patients began to turn in the early stages of the disease, and the emergence of large technical capabilities in most tumors are diagnosed in the early stages, when education is small. But sometimes, currently, there are cases when the tumor reaches a large size.IntroductionIn oral and maxillofacial surgery and a single common treatment ameloblastom is now a radical removal of education with jaw resection within healthy tissue. However, given the relatively favorable course of this disease, we believe that radicalism should be on the principle of reasonable sufficiency, not to disability patient.Research and Results: In our experience of 15 operated patients intraoral approach was performed to remove the tumor. Here is an example of a patient operated by us: the patient J. 25 years, turned over 1year after the accidental discovery of the tumor. Diagnosis: ameloblastoma in angle and body of the mandible right. Histological diagnosis is the same. Bone cavity after the above all procedures filled autobone taken from the iliac and kera‐oss in combination with a 1: 1 ratio. Bone defect restored the newly formed bone.DiscussionWhen the above sparing surgical interventions when patients suffered sparing surgery by oral, medical rehabilitation is relatively simple and does not require social adaptation.SummaryTo control the possible recurrence of the tumor must be an annual survey with X‐rays for 10 years.
Activation of Brainstem and Hypothalamic Areas Related to Increased Tail Skin Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Fonseca Cristina , Gonçalves Gleisy , Szawka Raphael , Reis Adelina 
Published: June 2021

Hot flushes are usually treated with estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women but the neural pathways involved are poorly understood. We investigated the activation of brain areas associated with the increase in tail skin temperature in an animal model of menopause. Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and implanted with subcutaneous capsules containing 17ß‐estradiol (E2) (OVX+E2) or corn oil (OVX). Tail skin temperature (TST) was recorded during two hours at ambient temperature at 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery. On day 15th, rats were perfused and the brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. Neuronal activity was evaluated by counting the number of Fos‐immunoreactive (ir) cells. On day 14 after ovariectomy, the TST in OVX rats was higher than in OVX+E2 rats. All the brain areas examined exhibited significantly more Fos‐ir cells in OVX than OVX E2 rats. In the brainstem, OVX rats displayed more Fos/tyrosine hydroxylase doubled‐labeled neurons in the A1, A2 and locus coeruleus compared with OVX+E2 rats. OVX rats exhibited more Fos‐ir neurons than OVX+E2 rats in the rostral preoptic area (POA), anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in the preoptic area and in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Moreover, there was a high correlation between the TST and Fos expression in the A1, A2, AVPV and POA. Thus, ovariectomy gradually increases TST and induces neuronal activation in the brainstem, preoptic area and hypothalamus. Fos expression in neurons of the A1, A2, AVPV, and POA is directly correlated with TST, suggesting these brain areas are associated with the thermoregulatory effects of estrogen. Financial support: CNPQ, FAPEMIG, CAPES
Health of Elderly People in the Context of Their Profession
Authors: Doszhanova G. , Tardzhibayeva S. , Sholikbayeva M. 
Published: June 2021

Professional activities of the respondents should be considered as one of the leading factors that affect the health of the elderly.A total of 512 people, representative by gender and age of the general population ‐ 48,000 people. Out of them the elderly are 337 and 175 old patients.Among the professional activities of elderly men 22.8% belong to technical professions, 15.5% to personnel of service ‐ economic management, builders and unskilled workers, whose share is 11.4%. Women make up a core group of employees of medicine (15.4%), education (14.7%) and unskilled workers (15.4%).The results of the social opinion poll showed that the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among pensioners is (78.3%), personnel of service ‐ economic management is (75.4%), economists is (70.4%), law enforcement and defense (62.5%), technical workers is (60.3%) and agricultural workers is (58.3%). While the distribution of respiratory pathology officers is associated with the profession of lawyers (75%), law enforcement officers and workers in agriculture (50%). Analysis of the incidence of bone ‐ muscular system showed that this pathology is more susceptible to agricultural workers (66.7%). As a leading place in the structure of morbidity of elderly contingent belongs to the Ivory Coast, it should be noted that the high percentage of hypertension and coronary heart disease are among law enforcement and defense officers (71.4%, 42.9%) among employees of service ‐ management (64.6%, 16.7%).Thus, employees of service ‐ law enforcement and defense officials, agriculture workers and economists were less adaptable and more susceptible to pathological processes that accompanied by unstable, course, increasing of the number of chronic diseases, the presence of associated diseases and decreased reactivity.
Reduction Of Adiposity Improves Preeclampsia (PE) Symptoms In BPH/5 Mice
Authors: Lob Heinrich , Sones Jennifer , Song Jiunn , Davisson Robin 
Published: June 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive proteinuric disorder of pregnancy that can result in fetal demise and growth restriction. Although it is a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity/mortality, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Increased adiposity is a risk factor for PE. However, longitudinal studies to investigate the contribution of adiposity to PE are difficult to perform in humans. We utilized the BPH/5 mouse, a spontaneous model of PE, to test the hypothesis that calorie restriction (cr) before and during gestation would improve adverse pregnancy outcomes in this model. Food intake was measured in non‐pregnant (NP) BPH/5 and C57 controls. We found that NP BPH/5 are hyperphagic (3.42 ± 0.1 g; C57: 2.91 ± 0.1 g, n=7, P<0.05). Matching food availability for BPH/5 to the amount consumed by C57 significantly reduced NP and late‐gestational (e18.5) gonadal white adipose tissue in BPH/5 (NP: adlib: 0.46 ± 0.06 g, cr : 0.30 ± 0.03 g, n=9‐15, P<0.05; e18.5: adlib: 0.90 ± 0.19 g, cr : 0.33 ± 0.08 g, n=4, P<0.05). This strategy also prevented proteinuria at e18.5 as well as improved fetal outcomes, including litter size (BPH/5 ad‐lib: 4.0 ± 0.6; cr: 6.7 ± 0.3, n=3, P<0.05) and pup weight (BPH/5 ad‐lib: 1.5 ± 0.08 g; cr: 1.9 ± 0.04 g, n=6‐9, P<0.05). These data show that reducing food intake before pregnancy has beneficial effects on maternal and fetal outcomes in this model of PE. These data point towards adiposity playing an important role in the pathogenesis of PE.12SDG9160019, HL084207, HL63887
Fibroma of the external nose
Authors: Batyrov T.W. , Sagyndyk H.L. , Kozhakov B.B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDefects of the external nose of any origin difficult tolerated as it causes disfigurement of the face. That is why any cosmetic defects of the nose are severe traumatic factor, regardless of gender and age of the patient.IntroductionThe use of pedicled flap helped to avoid the negative aspects of the classical “Italian” rhinoplasty, such as prolonged immobilization, and the ability to multi‐stage stem necrosis in the transfer process due to lack of blood supply to the axis, which brought great inconvenience to the patient.ResultsPatient S., 33goda, turned 5 years first appearance of Education of the left wing and nose. Diagnosis: Fibroma tip and the left wing of the nose (histological diagnosis is the same). We removed under local anesthesia education within the healthy tissue to cartilage, a defect oval 32,0 x 28,0mm. Is cut skin and fat flap pedicled from the left nasolabial fold, which moved to the defect and sutured in layers. On the 12 day cut off pedicle and made the correction.DiscussionIt should be emphasized availability of flaps, a cut from the skin of the forehead which is not always justified, and the only method of rhinoplasty. Its use is most effective when combined rhinoplasty. However, this method also many stages are not perceived by patients due to the fact that leaves rough, sometimes deforming noticeable scars on her forehead. Multi‐stage operation is uncomfortable for patients.ConclusionsTo date, we have used with great success Acute dermal fat flap of nasolabial folds. This method allows simultaneously closed a defect, perform simple technical and patient in a short time back into everyday life. This method we used in 37 cases, with good long‐term results.
Elevated oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic OLETF rat liver
Authors: Tsuzuki Takamasa , Nakamoto Hideko , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Goto Sataro , Ichinoseki‐Sekine Noriko , Naito Hisashi 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo investigate the oxidative stress level at the initial stage of diabetes in Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat liver.MethodsMale OLETF rats, which are used as an animal model of type 2 diabetes, and their counterparts (Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka [LETO] rats) were studied (n = 4, respectively). Liver samples were collected from 25‐week‐old rats under anesthesia following an overnight fast. Reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively) and thiobarbituric acid reatctive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured. Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA levels were analyzed by RT‐PCR. Protein carbonylation was analyzed in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions by Western blotting.ResultsThere were no differences in GSH concentration and GR mRNA level between the animals. In contrast, the TBARS and GSSG concentrations and GPx mRNA expression level were significantly higher in the OLETF rats (+82.9%, +31.1% and +100.4%, respectively) than in LETO rats (p < 0.05). The protein carbonylation level in the mitochondrial fraction was significantly higher in OLETF rats (+19.6%) than in LETO rats (p < 0.05), whereas no difference in the protein carbonylation level in the cytosolic fraction were observed between the animals.ConclusionOur data suggest that oxidative stress increases in the OLETF rat liver at the initial stage of type 2 diabetes.
Inhibitory Effect of Musa paradisiaca on Enzymes Linked to Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Shodehinde Sidiqat , Nwanna Esther , Adeyemo Adenike 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether unripe plantain products has hypoglycemic properties by comparing its potency with commercial drug (arcabose) on key enzymes linked to diabetes (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase) and hypertension [(Angiotensin‐I Converting Enzyme) (ACE)]Diabetes was induced by combined feeding of the adult male Wistar rats with High fat diet (Lard) plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg body weight). After sacrifice, the pancreas was examined for α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase angiotensin‐1 converting enzyme. The plasma obtained was also studied by testing for GST, GSH and Malonadialdehyde (MDA) activities. The diabetic rats showed elevated (P<0.05) levels of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and ACE and MDA (end product of lipid peroxidation). However, the effect of treatment of unripe plantain products supplement diets on diabetic rats (after 30 days) was significantly (P<0.05) reversing the above mentioned parameters toward normalcy.These results imply that there is more to unripe plantain than mere consumption. It also brings about a new dimension to the management of diabetes and its attendant complications.
The Endothelial Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Tie2 is Essential for Vascular Integrity Dependent/Independent of Inflammation
Authors: Ghosh Chandra , David Sascha , Milam Katelyn , Mukherjee Aditi , Santel Ansgar , Lu Shulin , Yano Kiichiro , Dumont Daniel , Parikh Samir 
Published: June 2021

Endothelial Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Tie2, and its two principal ligands Angiopoietin1&2 (Angpt‐1&2), play an important role in heath and diseases. Its agonistic ligand Angpt‐1 mainly expressed in perivascular cells whereas Angpt‐2, stored in Weible –Palade‐Bodies, compete with Angpt‐1 and function as partial agonist/antagonist. However, the consequence of the loss of Tie2 and potential contribution to vascular dysfunction in health and disease has not been investigated so far.In the present study we found mice with one copy of Tie2 gene a) are more vulnerable to death in murine sepsis models, endotoxemia (83% vs. 42%, P < 0.05) and Cecal Ligation and Perforation (CLP) (76% vs. 32%, P < 0.05); b) has enhanced vascular leak as measured by Evans's blue extravasation assay. Similarly,siRNA mediated knock‐down of Tie2 results in enhanced vascular leak in lungs with perturbed downstream signaling of Tie2. In vitro by using shRNA ‐lentiparticles we found Angpt‐1 induced prevention of Lipo‐polysaccharide (LPS) ‐mediated vascular barrier dysunction in Tie2 dependent fashion. Above all, the effect of reduced Tie2 expression in‐vivo and in‐vitro is independent of changes to the inflammatory milieu.In conclusion, our study demonstrates a novel inflammation independent role for Tie2 mediating endothelial vascular function in sepsis. Further studies are underway to investigate the upstream and downstream regulators of Tie2 and reveal the diagnostic and therapeutic implication of this important pathway.