bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the Dry Period Projection Paradox: Treat ‘Consecutiveness’ as a Nonlinearity
Authors: O'Brien Enda , Griffin Seanie , Duffy Catriona , Nolan Paul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a worked example of how the property of consecutiveness, or continuity, can be lost when computing climate indices such as consecutive dry days (CDD) or dry periods from model simulations of the future. That essential continuity property can easily be lost if such indices are computed from future projections of bias‐corrected daily precipitation time series. A bias‐correction algorithm such as quantile‐mapping typically adjusts daily time series to remove overall precipitation bias, but takes no account of consecutiveness, and so can introduce occasional wet‐day interruptions into otherwise dry periods. This can lead to inconsistencies between the raw and bias‐corrected projections of such indices. To obtain consistent projections, CDD and related indices should be treated as independent parameters and bias‐corrected directly in their own right. Such indices should be counted first, and bias‐corrected later. In this sense, consecutiveness should be treated as a nonlinearity to be computed before performing any other mathematical operation such as bias correction. This paradox and its resolution are demonstrated using future climate projections from the TRANSLATE project, all of which are derived from global CMIP5 simulations as downscaled over Ireland by two separate regional model ensembles.
Projected Changes in Precipitation Extremes Across the Mississippi River Basin Using the NASA Global Daily Downscaled Datasets NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6
Authors: Talchabhadel Rocky , Bhattarai Saurav , Bista Sunil 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study comprehensively analyzes historical and projected changes in various precipitation parameters within the Mississippi River basin. These parameters include annual total values, simple daily intensity index, consecutive dry and wet spells, as well as heavy precipitation event related indices, such as maximum one‐day, three‐day, five‐day, and seven‐day consecutive precipitation. We examine the quantity exceeding specific percentile‐based thresholds (95th and 99th) as well as the frequency of days surpassing absolute thresholds (1, 10, 20, 50 mm). Additionally, we assess the percentage contribution of various extreme precipitation events to the annual total. The study employs a total of 32 Climate Models with a spatial resolution of 0.25° (approximately 25 km) for the historical period spanning from 1985 to 2014, and the projected period from 2015 to 2094. A comparison is made between climate models and ground‐based observations during the historical period. Using climate models, projected deviations in future periods are then computed, specifically the near future (2025 to 2054) and far future (2065 to 2094), with respect to the historical period. These climate models are part of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), and have undergone downscaling and bias‐correction by the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections project, referred to as NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6. The findings across the Mississippi River basin reveal an increasing trend in precipitation extremes, particularly in frequency and intensity rather than annual totals. In terms of annual totals, which averaged around 1045 ± 260 mm during the historical period, the precipitation total is projected to reach 1095 ± 285 mm under SSP245 or 1110 ± 293 mm under SSP585 in the far future. Occurrences surpassing the 95th and 99th percentiles, as well as the maximum consecutive precipitation, are projected to substantially increase under both shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP245 and SSP585) in the future, with a more pronounced increase in the severe scenario (SSP585). This study highlights the potential impact of human‐induced activities on precipitation extremes. It is crucial that these findings inform the development of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for the future.
An Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Separation of the Linear and Cyclic Variants of a Mimotope of the Cancer‐Related CD20 Antigen–Validation and Statistical Evaluation
Authors: Bloderer Georg , Grassi Luigi , Cabrele Chiara , Stutz Hanno 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTImaged capillary isoelectric focusing was successfully applied for separating an in‐house synthesized closely related peptide pair, that is, a linear 12‐mer (Rp5‐L) and its cyclic 15‐mer variant (Rp5‐C). Rp5‐L represents a mimotope, that is, an epitope mimicking peptide, of the CD20 antigen, which is over‐expressed in B‐cell‐related tumors. Peptide identity—including the successful disulfide bond formation in Rp5‐C—was confirmed with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. The purity of synthesized products was determined by a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection. The apparent isoelectric point (pI) of cyclic Rp5‐C and Rp5‐L was 5.99 and 6.47, respectively. An appropriate combination of carrier ampholytes allowed for their baseline separation with an analysis time of <20 min. Method validation was done for the synthesized peptides and three flanking pI markers covering, for example, repeatability and intermediate precision. Calibrations on different days resulted in identical slopes for Rp5‐L and Rp5‐C, respectively, as statistically confirmed by Welch's t‐test and pooled t‐test over 8 days. The calibration data of mimotopes and pI markers were evaluated for outliers, normality, homoscedasticity, and autocorrelation with complementary statistical procedures, which identified an otherwise unnoticed outlier for a pI marker. The linearity of calibration for Rp5‐L, Rp5‐C, and the pI markers was tested with Mandel's fitting test and lack‐of‐fit test. For Rp5‐L and Rp5‐C, the calculated limits of detection and limits of quantification were ≤0.31 and ≤0.96 µmol/L, respectively.
Recycling Research Without (Self‐)Plagiarism: The Importance of Context and the Case of Conference Contributions
Authors: Helgesson Gert , Åkerman Jonas , Belfrage Sara 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we clarify the notions of plagiarism and self‐plagiarism and show that a rather straightforward observation about these notions has important implications for the admissibility of recycling research outputs. The key point is that contextual variation must be taken into account in normative assessments of recycling research outputs, and we illustrate this with some examples. In particular, we apply the analysis in order to dissolve a disagreement about the proper handling of submissions to conferences. Some researchers are comfortable with sending the same contribution to several conferences, while others find that unacceptable and a clear deviation from good research practise. We take a closer look at the arguments regarding whether it is acceptable or not to make the same conference contribution more than once, including the argument that submitting the same contribution more than once would amount to self‐plagiarism. We argue that contextual variation must be taken into account, in accordance with our previous analysis, and conclude that whether or not a duplication of a conference contribution deviates from good research practise depends on what significance is ascribed to it in the specific case. We conclude with some practical recommendations, emphasising for example, the importance of being explicit and clear on this point, and encourage conference organisers to provide opportunities to specify relevant facts in the submission.
Specific Anion Effects on the Growth and Stability of Poly (2‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxazoline)/Tannic Acid Layer by Layer Films
Authors: Beruhil Bahar Adatoz Elda , Demirel A. Levent 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe control of pH responsiveness of hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) layer‐by‐layer films is especially important in biomedical applications. Specific anion effects are known to vary the cloud point temperature of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEOX) solutions. By growing H‐bonded multilayers of PEOX and Tannic Acid (TA) in the presence of nine different sodium salts at different salt concentrations, it is shown that the growth profile and pH stability of the multilayers can be controlled in a wide range. The observed changes in the average bilayer (BL) thickness and critical disintegration pH are in accordance with the Hofmeister series of anions. Going from the most kosmotropic (Na2CO3) to the most chaotropic (NaSCN), BL thickness decreases by ≈11.5 nm while the critical disintegration pH increases up to 10. Conformational variations in PEOX chains from compact coils due to dehydration by kosmotropic anions to extended chains due to direct ion binding of chaotropic anions contribute to these changes. ITC investigation of PEOX/TA interaction in the presence of sodium salts in solution confirms the enhanced stability in the direction of the most chaotropic anion. The results clearly show that properties of H‐bonded multilayers can be easily tuned by specific anion effects as desired by applications.
Evaluating the impact of tuna purse-seine fishing under fish aggregating devices and free schools on Little Tunny in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Implications using length-based methods
Authors: Konoyima Komba Jossie , Zhu Jiangfeng , Kindong Richard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Little Tunny Euthynnus alletteratus is a commercially viable species, and its research has been prioritized by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas. This study aimed to evaluate the stock status of Little Tunny in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the effectiveness of the life history priors, and the sensitivity of the model's predicted reference points to prior misspecification. The findings could help reduce uncertainties regarding the state of Little Tunny in the region.

Methods
We used empirically estimated life history parameters and purse-seine fish aggregating device (FAD) and free school fishing length-frequency data from 2000 to 2021, available in the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas database. We applied the length-based Bayesian biomass (LBB) and length-based spawning potential ratio assessment methods.

Result
The LBB's outputs indicate that Little Tunny was grossly overfished at the exerted fishing pressure. This was corroborated by length-based spawning potential ratio estimates of low spawning per recruit for the stock exploited by purse seines under FAD and free school sets. The reference points of both models were most sensitive to asymptotic length (L∞) prior misspecification, and including life history priors in LBB produced a narrower confidence interval of the estimated reference points.

Conclusion
The Northeast Atlantic Ocean Little Tunny fishery exploited by purse-seine fisheries under FAD and free school sets may be unsustainable. We maintain that user priors could reduce uncertainty in LBB, whereas accurate specification of priors, particularly L∞, is required to have less biased results using the models. We recommend catch limits through, for instance, spatial closures, but caution is advised due to uncertainty in this study's life history priors.
Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Neuroplasticity and Predict Gait Performance After Treadmill Training in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tsai Si‐Yu , Tai Chun‐Hwei , Lee Ya‐Yun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundReduced step length is a hallmark of gait disturbance in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although treadmill training is effective for improving step length, the associated neural mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Moreover, exploring the baseline neurophysiological predictors for step length improvement after training could facilitate personalized gait rehabilitation for PD.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the neuroplastic changes in corticomotor excitability after treadmill training and to explore whether baseline neurophysiological measures could predict step length improvement in PD.MethodsData from 61 participants with idiopathic PD who completed 12 treadmill training sessions were included. Gait performances and corticomotor excitability measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were obtained at baseline, postintervention, and 1‐month follow‐up. TMS outcomes included motor‐evoked potentials, cortical silent period (CSP), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). General estimating equation analysis and principal‐component analyses were used to determine the neuroplastic changes induced by training, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the baseline TMS predictors for step length improvement at 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsAfter treadmill training, SICI and CSP significantly increased and shared an emerging relationship. Regression analysis showed that female sex and greater baseline ICF and SICI were significant predictors of step length improvement at the follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study advanced the understanding of neuroplastic changes induced by treadmill training in PD and showed that preserved SICI and ICF were predictors for lasting step length improvement after training. Future studies could investigate other influential factors for treadmill training in PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Normalized Solutions for a SchröDinger Equation With Van Der Waals Type Potentials and External Potential: Mass Supercritical
Authors: Chen Jianqing , Chen Zhewen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study the existence of ground states with prescribed ‐norm for the mass supercritical Schrödinger equation with van der Waals type potentials (that is, two‐body potentials with different width) in the presence of nonsymmetric negative potentials. We prove the existence of normalized ground states at positive energy level under mild assumptions on external potential.
T2* relaxometry of fetal brain structures using low‐field (0.55T) MRI
Authors: Payette Kelly , Uus Alena U. , Kollstad Ella , Aviles Verdera Jordina , Gallo Dario , Hall Megan , Hajnal Joseph V. , Rutherford Mary A. , Story Lisa , Hutter Jana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeHuman brain development during gestation is complex, as both structure and function are rapidly forming. Structural imaging methods using MRI are well developed to explore these changes, but functional imaging tools are lacking. Low‐field MRI is a promising modality to bridge this gap. The longer intrinsic T2* values at low field strengths increase the dynamic range and enable the quantification of individual brain regions with low T2* values, such as deep gray matter. This study investigates regional brain T2* quantification throughout the second half of gestation on low‐field 0.55T MRI.MethodsDynamic multi‐echo gradient‐echo sequences were acquired in 135 cases at 0.55 T between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation. Automatic high‐resolution reconstruction and segmentation tools were developed, resulting in T2* values of seven individual anatomical brain structures for each subject. These regional brain T2* values were analyzed throughout gestation.ResultsAll regional fetal brain T2* values decreased throughout gestation (p < 0.01). Each anatomical brain structure had varying ranges and decay rates, with the cerebellum and white matter displaying the highest (nonfluid structure) values, with the maximum values between 350 and 400 ms at about 20 weeks. The brainstem and deep gray matter had the lowest range of T2* values, reaching values of 250 ms early in gestation. The matched volumetric assessment of the different structures demonstrated expected growth, matching current literature.ConclusionLow‐field MRI allows for a detailed, regional T2* analysis of the fetal brain, with more inclusive norms to be developed due to its wider bore.
Comparison of Long‐Term Prognosis and Risk Factors for Graft Failure Between Pediatric and Adult Recipients Undergoing Pediatric Deceased‐Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Liu Xiaomian , Wang Chang , Wu Zixuan , Li Qihao , Yu Shuangjin , Wu Guobin , Huang Xiaochun , Chen Lizhong , Chen Guodong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe number of patients undergoing deceased‐donor kidney transplantation with donor kidneys obtained from individuals aged < 14 years (pediatric deceased‐donor kidney transplantation [PDKT]) has increased in recent years. However, it is unknown whether the long‐term prognosis and risk factors for graft failure in pediatric recipients (aged < 18 years) differ from those of adult recipients (aged ≥ 18 years).MethodsOf the patients who underwent PDKT at our hospital from August 2011 to July 2018, 33 were pediatric recipients, and 114 were adult recipients.ResultsThe 1‐ and 3‐year graft survival rates in the pediatric group were 90.6% and 81.3%, respectively, lower than the respective graft survival rates of 96.5% and 94.6% in the adult group (p = 0.014). The leading cause of graft failure in pediatric recipients was renal vascular thrombosis (57.1%). By stratified removal of renal vascular thrombosis, multivariate Cox regression suggested that the main risk factor for graft failure in the pediatric recipient group was acute rejection, while the major risk factors in adult recipients were acute rejection, chronic rejection, urinary tract stenosis, and the recipient‐to‐donor weight ratio.ConclusionThe prognosis of all patients who underwent PDKT was good. However, the graft survival rate was lower in pediatric recipients than in adult recipients.
Closed‐Form Approach on Mode III$\mathrm{I}\! \mathrm{I}\! \mathrm{I}$ Loadings of Thin Layers
Authors: Rheinschmidt Florian , Adam Valentin , Weißgraeber Philipp , Rosendahl Philipp L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWeak interface models are a potent tool to capture both deformations, stresses, and energy release rates for adhesives or other weak layers between stiffer joints. While the energy release rate for both modes I and II is rendered well, a fast and efficient model, capturing mode III loading of the weak layer is missing. The present study addresses this research gap by introducing a closed‐form analytical model for out‐of‐plane bended weak interface specimens. The classical approach of weak interface models is not applicable in the case of loading the specimen with out‐of‐plane bending. Tackling these difficulties, the present approach uses the principle of minimum potential energy in combination with the calculus of variations to derive the governing equations for an arbitrarily loaded weak interface specimen. This model renders stresses and displacements in a very good agreement with numerical reference solutions and is highly efficient and reduces the numerical costs for parameter studies and the evaluation of experiments. This enables one to measure the mode III energy release rate from a J‐integral‐based evaluation of this physical quantity. Our model allows a fast determination of the mode III fracture toughness from out‐of‐plane loaded double cantilever beam tests for adhesives or from rotated propagation saw tests for faceted and porous weak layers in stratified snowpacks.
Wrinkled thermoplastic polyamide elastomer foams with enhanced mechanical properties fabricated by dynamic supercritical CO2 foaming
Authors: Zhong Weipeng , Zhou Xu , Zhang Miaomiao , Cui Wenhao , Mi Hao‐Yang , Dong Binbin , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWrinkled foams (WF), distinguished by their numerous cell wall wrinkles, exhibit superior impact resistance compared to conventional foams (CF), making them ideal for applications such as sports protection and packaging. Despite their potential, the mechanisms behind wrinkle formation remain underexplored, limiting production and process optimization. In this study, we use a custom supercritical foaming reactor with a sapphire glass viewing window to investigate the differences between wrinkled and conventional thermoplastic polyamide elastomer foams. Our findings suggest that “excessive expansion‐shrinkage” is crucial for wrinkle development. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that molecular chains align with the flow field of dynamic CO2, which increases the intramolecular stress. The release of intramolecular stress triggers wrinkle formation, driven by thermodynamic instability. Furthermore, comparisons of the impact resistance and compression performance between WF and CF show that wrinkled structures alter the deformation behavior under force. The wrinkles facilitate increased collision, squeezing, and friction between cell walls, thus dissipating energy as heat and creating “micro‐air units” that enhance cushioning capability. These distinctive characteristics make WF a promising material for high‐performance applications in cushioning and energy absorption, such as in sports protection and packaging.Highlights
Wrinkled polyamide foams are fabricated by dynamic scCO2 foaming.
Chain stretching and shrinkage under scCO2 flow are verified by MD simulation.
Excessive expansion‐shrinkage foaming behavior causes the wrinkled structure.
Wrinkled structure greatly increases the impact absorption ability.
Investigation of the Urinary Peptidome to Unravel Collagen Degradation in Health and Kidney Disease
Authors: Mina Ioanna K. , Iglesias‐Martinez Luis F. , Ley Matthias , Fillinger Lucas , Perco Paul , Siwy Justyna , Mischak Harald , Jankowski Vera 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNaturally occurring fragments of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) have been previously associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with some fragments showing positive and others negative associations. Using urinary peptidome data from healthy individuals (n = 1131) and CKD patients (n = 5585) this aspect was investigated in detail. Based on the hypothesis that many collagen peptides are derived not from the full, mature collagen molecule, but from (larger) collagen degradation products, relationships between COL1A1 peptides containing identical sequences were investigated, with the smaller (offspring) peptide being a possible degradation product of the larger (parent) one. The strongest correlations were found for relationships where the parent differed by a maximum of three amino acids from the offspring, indicating an exopeptidase‐regulated stepwise degradation process. Regression analysis indicated that CKD affects this degradation process. A comparison of matched CKD patients and control individuals (n = 612 each) showed that peptides at the start of the degradation process were consistently downregulated in CKD, indicating an attenuation of COL1A1 endopeptidase‐mediated degradation. However, as these peptides undergo further degradation, likely mediated by exopeptidases, this downregulation can become less significant or even reverse, leading to an upregulation of later‐stage fragments and potentially explaining the inconsistencies observed in previous studies.
The Zebrafish Sperm Proteome
Authors: Cohen‐Krais Jayme , Martins Carlo , Bartram Jamie , Crighton Zoe , de Coriolis Jean‐Charles , Godden Alice , Marcu Daniel , Robak Weronika , Saalbach Gerhard , Immler Simone 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOne of the key processes that forms the basis of fertilisation is the tight interaction between sperm and egg. Both sperm and egg proteomes are known to evolve and diverge rapidly even between closely related species. Understanding the sperm proteome therefore provides key insights into the proteins that underpin the mechanisms involved during fertilisation and the fusion between sperm and egg, and how they can differ across individuals of the same species. Despite being a commonly used model organism for reproductive research, little is currently understood about the zebrafish Danio rerio sperm proteome. We performed nanoLC‐MS/MS proteomics analysis after off‐line sample fractionation with six pooled samples containing sperm from ten males each. We confidently identified 5410 proteins, from which a total of 3900 GeneIDs were generated leading to 1720 Gene Ontology terms.