bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of abstruse transport phenomena in haemodialysis
Authors: Bowry Sudhir K , Kircelli Fatih , Nandakumar Mooppil , Vachharajani Tushar J 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTHaemodialysis (HD) utilizes the bidirectional properties of semipermeable membranes to remove uraemic toxins from blood while simultaneously replenishing electrolytes and buffers to correct metabolic acidosis. However, the nonspecific size-dependent transport across membranes also means that certain useful plasma constituents may be removed from the patient (together with uraemic toxins), or toxic compounds, e.g. endotoxin fragments, may accompany electrolytes and buffers of the dialysis fluids into blood and elicit severe biological reactions. We describe the mechanisms and implications of these undesirable transport processes that are inherent to all HD therapies and propose approaches to mitigate the effects of such transport. We focus particularly on two undesirable events that are considered to adversely affect HD therapy and possibly impact patient outcomes. Firstly, we describe how loss of albumin (and other essential substances) can occur while striving to eliminate larger uraemic toxins during HD and why hypoalbuminemia is a clinical condition to contend with. Secondly, we describe the origins and mode of transport of biologically active substances (from dialysis fluids with bacterial contamination) into the blood compartment and biological reactions they elicit. Endotoxin fragments activate various proinflammatory pathways to increase the underlying inflammation associated with chronic kidney disease. Both phenomena involve the physical as well as chemical properties of membranes that must be selected judiciously to balance the benefits with potential risks patients may encounter, in both the short and long term.
Diagnostic Performance of Novel Troponin Algorithms for the Rule-Out of Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Tjora Hilde L , Steiro Ole-Thomas , Langørgen Jørund , Bjørneklett Rune O , Skadberg Øyvind , Bonarjee Vernon V S , Mjelva Øistein R , Collinson Paul , Omland Torbjørn , Vikenes Kjell , Aakre Kristin M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) rule-out algorithms use cutoffs optimized for exclusion of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We investigated these and several novel algorithms for the rule-out of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) including less urgent coronary ischemia.

Method
A total of 1504 unselected patients with suspected NSTE-ACS were included and divided into a derivation cohort (n = 988) and validation cohort (n = 516). The primary endpoint was the diagnostic performance to rule-out NSTEMI and unstable angina pectoris during index hospitalization. The secondary endpoint was combined MI, all-cause mortality (within 30 days) and urgent (24 h) revascularization. The ESC algorithms for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and I (hs-cTnI) were compared to different novel low-baseline (limit of detection), low-delta (based on the assay analytical and biological variation), and 0–1-h and 0–3-h algorithms.

Results
The prevalence of NSTE-ACS was 24.8%, 60.0% had noncardiac chest pain, and 15.2% other diseases. The 0–1/0–3-h algorithms had superior clinical sensitivity for the primary endpoint compared to the ESC algorithm (validation cohort); hs-cTnT: 95% vs 63%, and hs-cTnI: 87% vs 64%, respectively. Regarding the secondary endpoint, the algorithms had similar clinical sensitivity (100% vs 94%–96%) but lower clinical specificity (41%–19%) compared to the ESC algorithms (77%–74%). The rule-out rates decreased by a factor of 2–4.

Conclusion
Low concentration/low-delta troponin algorithms improve the clinical sensitivity for a combined endpoint of NSTEMI and unstable angina pectoris, with the cost of a substantial reduction in total rule-out rate. There was no clear benefit compared to ESC for diagnosing high-risk events.
Potential of Machine Learning Based Support Vector Regression for Solar Radiation Prediction
Authors: Mohamed Zahraa E , Saleh Hussein H 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMeasurements of the solar radiation quantities profoundly affect on the energy output ratios. A decline in solar radiation measurements in many countries, which is due to reasons high cost, difficulty of measurement that necessitated developing different methods to estimate the proportion of solar radiation. Many empirical models have been developed using special variables and coefficients, such as Angstrom and Prescott models. The development of machine-learning algorithms makes these algorithms as a possible application instead of the empirical models to decrease the error rate and obtaining better results. In this paper, radial basis function is applied as the kernel function of support vector regression (SVR) method to calculate the amount of monthly average daily of the global solar radiation in four sites in Egypt. Five variables used as input (sunshine duration, air temperature, relative humidity, solar declination angle and extraterrestrial solar radiation). The experimental results have a good estimation in all locations according to root mean square error, however, this study proved that SVR models can be as an efficient machine-learning technique with a higher accuracy.
The role of Dynamic Energy Budgets in conservation physiology
Authors: Lavaud Romain , Filgueira Ramón , Augustine Starrlight 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe contribution of knowledge, concepts and perspectives from physiological ecology to conservation decision-making has become critical for understanding and acting upon threats to the persistence of sensitive species. Here we review applications of dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory to conservation issues and discuss how this theory for metabolic organization of all life on earth (from bacteria to whales) is well equipped to support current and future investigations in conservation research. DEB theory was first invented in 1979 in an applied institution for environmental quality assessment and mitigation. The theory has since undergone extensive development and applications. An increasing number of studies using DEB modelling have provided valuable insights and predictions in areas that pertain to conservation such as species distribution, evolutionary biology, toxicological impacts and ecosystem management. We discuss why DEB theory, through its mechanistic nature, its universality and the wide range of outcomes it can provide represents a valuable tool to tackle some of the current and future challenges linked to maintaining biodiversity, ensuring species survival, ecotoxicology, setting water and soil quality standards and restoring ecosystem structure and functioning in a changing environment under the pressure of anthropogenic driven changes.
Encountering the Word of God in Early Tudor England
Authors: Wooding Lucy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The arrival in England of Tyndale’s New Testament in the 1520s is still widely heralded as a transformative moment. This article argues that the lingering effects of triumphalist Protestant rhetoric concerning the ‘Word of God’ have obscured the many other contexts in which it was possible for the laity to encounter the Bible in early Tudor England. They have also glossed over some of the difficulties of transmitting Scripture to a largely illiterate populace. Protestant insistence on the literal interpretation of vernacular Scripture should chiefly be seen as propaganda for the evangelical cause. Early Tudor print culture demonstrates that the reading of Scripture was understood as a complex process involving a spiritual encounter shaped by faith, imagination and emotion, not just a textual encounter. In practice, Tyndale and other reformers, no less than their more conservative opponents, taught the laity that the Bible needed to be ‘unlocked’ and explained. For the lay reader encountering works of religious devotion and instruction, the ways in which early Tudor print culture mediated the Bible remained heavily indebted to late medieval religious practice. This shaped the context in which the ‘Great Bible’ of 1539 was conceived and published and this first official English Bible should be recognised as a contested text, which in its final form may have been as much a reflection of late medieval attitudes as the achievement of English Protestants.
Gender and Protest in Late Medieval England, c.1400–c.1532
Authors: Raw Alice 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Women appear in our sources as active participants in outbreaks of revolt across the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. This should not be surprising, yet historians’ general silence on the subject makes it so. Most scholarly accounts up to the 1980s, and often beyond, portray revolt as a wholly male enterprise. If and when the subject of female participation is broached, it is concluded that women were little involved in public acts of dissent in England. Where historians do find women at the centre of civil unrest, they explain their presence away or relegate their complaints to ‘women’s issues’. By contrast, when men are involved, modern commentators decide that they speak for a ‘common good’, and devote considerable interpretative energies to deciphering what has spurred them into action, seeing—for instance—a wealth of meaning in protests about poverty, inequality or evil counsel. The operative logic is that women can speak only for themselves, men for others. Here we consider the documentary evidence for women’s participation in protest, and show that women were not necessarily driven by gendered motives. Defining their part is as challenging as defining that of male rebels.
Recellularization of xenograft heart valves reduces the xenoreactive immune response in anin vivorat model
Authors: Bozso Sabin J , Kang Jimmy J H , EL-Andari Ryaan , Fialka Nicholas , Zhu Lin Fu , Meyer Steven R , Freed Darren H , Nagendran Jayan , Nagendran Jeevan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESOur aim was to address the role of autologous mesenchymal stem cell recellularization of xenogenic valves on the activation of the xenoreactive immune response in an in vivo rat model.METHODSExplanted aortic valve constructs from female Hartley guinea pigs were procured and decellularized, followed by recellularization with autologous Sprague-Dawley rat mesenchymal stem cells. Aortic valve xenografts were then implanted into the infrarenal aorta of recipient rats. Grafts were implanted as either autologous grafts, non-decellularized (NGP), decellularized and recellularized xenografts (RGP). Rats were euthanized after 7 and 21 days and exsanguinated and the grafts were explanted.RESULTSThe NGP grafts demonstrated significant burden of granulocytes (14.3 cells/HPF) and CD3+ T cells (3.9 cells/HPF) compared to the autologous grafts (2.1 granulocytes/HPF and 0.72 CD3+ T cells/HPF) after 7 days. A lower absolute number of infiltrating granulocytes (NGP vs autologous, 6.4 vs 2.4 cells/HPF) and CD3+ T cells (NGP vs autologous, 2.8 vs 0.8 cells/HPF) was seen after 21 days. Equivalent granulocyte cell infiltration in the RGP grafts (2.4 cells/HPF) compared to the autologous grafts (2.1 cells/HPF) after 7 and 21 days (2.8 vs 2.4 cells/HPF) was observed. Equivalent CD3+ T-cell infiltration in the RGP grafts (0.63 cells/HPF) compared to the autologous grafts (0.72 cells/HPF) after 7 and 21 days (0.7 vs 0.8 cells/HPF) was observed. Immunoglobulin production was significantly greater in the NGP grafts compared to the autologous grafts at 7 (123.3 vs 52.7 mg/mL) and 21 days (93.3 vs 71.6 mg/mL), with a similar decreasing trend in absolute production. Equivalent immunoglobulin production was observed in the RGP grafts compared to the autologous grafts at 7 (40.8 vs 52.7 mg/mL) and 21 days (29.5 vs 71.6 mg/mL).CONCLUSIONSAutologous mesenchymal stem cell recellularization of xenogenic valves reduces the xenoreactive immune response in an in vivo rat model and may be an effective approach to decrease the progression of xenograft valve dysfunction.
Financial Hardship and Psychological Resilience During COVID-19: Differences by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Taylor Miles G , Carr Dawn C , Jason Kendra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Research on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among older adults has primarily focused on relatively acute virus outcomes, but it is likely financial hardships during this time have eroded the adaptive capacity of older adults. It is also possible these impacts vary by race and ethnicity. We examine changes in psychological resilience (PR) among older adults before and during the pandemic to determine whether financial hardships and other stressors have altered this resource for White, Black, and Hispanic older adults.

Method
Using the COVID-19 module released by the Health and Retirement Study (n = 735), we examined changes in PR between 2016 and 2020 related to financial hardships during COVID-19. We tested interactions to determine whether the effects were patterned by race and ethnicity.

Results
Consistent with previous literature, resilience was relatively stable during this time on average. Financial hardship during COVID-19 diminished resilience, but this effect was concentrated primarily among White Americans.

Discussion
The results suggest that PR is a relatively stable resource in later life, even during the pandemic. However, this resource may be affected in the face of specific challenges in later life. Policies related to financial hardship during the pandemic should be seen as supporting the capacity for older adults to adapt to current as well as future challenges.
Internet Use and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life: Focus on Asymmetric Effects and Contextual Factors
Authors: Kim Yijung K , Han Sae Hwang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Despite emerging literature linking Internet usage and cognitive functioning in later life, research seldom takes changes in older adults’ Internet use into account. How changes in Internet use influence older adults’ cognitive decline over time, particularly in the context of sociodemographic factors that shape Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use, remains an open question.

Research Design and Methods
Using 9 waves of panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (2002–2018), we examined within-person asymmetric effects of transitioning into and out of Internet use on cognitive functioning, and whether the associations vary across birth cohorts and by living arrangement.

Results
Transitioning into Internet use (i.e., Internet use onset) was associated with improved cognitive functioning at a given wave and decelerated cognitive decline over time. Transitioning out of the Internet (i.e., Internet use cessation) was associated with worse cognitive functioning at a given wave and accelerated cognitive decline over time. Furthermore, birth cohort and living arrangement moderated these associations. The detrimental effect of transitioning out of Internet use was worse for older adults born in 1941 or before. The cognitive benefits of transitioning into Internet use were greater for those older adults who live alone.

Discussion and Implications
These findings highlight the interplay between technology, social environment, and cognitive functioning in later life. The salubrious effects of using the Internet, as well as the deleterious effects of ceasing to use such technology, underscore the importance of promoting digital literacy and access to ICT among the older adult population.
Coping with cancer in post-communist Europe: a systematic literature review
Authors: Levenets Olena , Stepurko Tetiana , Polese Abel , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the post-communist countries, limited access to treatment, lack of financial protection mechanisms, lack of information and low quality of health care frequently imposes an enormous burden on family’s well-being when cancer is diagnosed. While many studies have explored barriers to cancer treatment, little attention is paid to the question how patients and their caregivers cope with cancer. In this paper, we systematically review the evidence on patients’ coping strategies with cancer in post-communist countries. We performed a literature search in PubMed, JSTOR, Web of Science and EBSCO (CINAHL) to identify papers that describe patients’ coping strategies because of organizational and financial barriers to cancer treatment. Papers published between January 1991 and January 2020 were included if they described individual experiences of patients at any stage of cancer treatment. We applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Literature Review as a guide for our review. In total, 28 publications from post-communist countries were included in this review. They presented evidence on coping strategies and barriers faced by patients when coping with poor access to cancer treatment, lack of finances, lack of information and low quality of health care services. Most sought coping strategies included using personal finances to pay for medical services, medicines and supplies, charitable contributions to the hospital and informal payments; visiting a private medical doctor; using personal connections and looking for additional information. We conclude that coping strategies are similar across post-communist countries and can be seen as an indicator of the shortcomings in cancer treatment. This evidence can be used to study and/or improve access to cancer treatment and improve health care policies. Research on the prevalence and quantification of coping strategies is needed to provide evidence-informed policies for countries that face gaps in cancer treatment.
Software Application Profile: exposomeShiny—a toolbox for exposome data analysis
Authors: Escriba-Montagut Xavier , Basagaña Xavier , Vrijheid Martine , Gonzalez Juan R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Studying the role of the exposome in human health and its impact on different omic layers requires advanced statistical methods. Many of these methods are implemented in different R and Bioconductor packages, but their use may require strong expertise in R, in writing pipelines and in using new R classes which may not be familiar to non-advanced users. ExposomeShiny provides a bridge between researchers and most of the state-of-the-art exposome analysis methodologies, without the need of advanced programming skills.

Implementation
ExposomeShiny is a standalone web application implemented in R. It is available as source files and can be installed in any server or computer avoiding problems with data confidentiality. It is executed in RStudio which opens a browser window with the web application.

General features
The presented implementation allows the conduct of: (i) data pre-processing: normalization and missing imputation (including limit of detection); (ii) descriptive analysis; (iii) exposome principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering; (iv) exposome-wide association studies (ExWAS) and variable selection ExWAS; (v) omic data integration by single association and multi-omic analyses; and (vi) post-exposome data analyses to gain biological insight for the exposures, genes or using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and pathway analysis.

Availability
The exposomeShiny source code is freely available on Github at [https://github.com/isglobal-brge/exposomeShiny], Git tag v1.4. The software is also available as a Docker image [https://hub.docker.com/r/brgelab/exposome-shiny], tag v1.4. A user guide with information about the analysis methodologies as well as information on how to use exposomeShiny is freely hosted at [https://isglobal-brge.github.io/exposome_bookdown/].
Classification of Simple Lie Superalgebras in Characteristic 2
Authors: Bouarroudj Sofiane , Lebedev Alexei , Leites Dimitry , Shchepochkina Irina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
All results concern characteristic 2. We describe two procedures; each of which to every simple Lie algebra assigns a simple Lie superalgebra. We prove that every simple finite-dimensional Lie superalgebra is obtained as the result of one of these procedures. For Lie algebras, in addition to the known “classical” restrictedness, we introduce a (2,4)-structure on the two non-alternating series: orthogonal and Hamiltonian vector fields. For Lie superalgebras, the classical restrictedness of Lie algebras has two analogs: a $2|4$-structure, which is a direct analog of the classical restrictedness, and a novel $2|2$-structure—one more analog, a $(2,4)|4$-structure on Lie superalgebras is the analog of (2,4)-structure on Lie algebras known only for non-alternating orthogonal and Hamiltonian series.
A Liouville-Type Theorem of the Linearly Perturbed Paneitz Equation on S3
Authors: Zhang Shihong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We prove a Liouville-type theorem for the linearly perturbed Paneitz equation: For $\epsilon&gt;0$ small enough, if $u_\epsilon $ is a positive smooth solution of $$ \begin{align*} &P_{S^3} u_\epsilon+\epsilon u_\epsilon=-u_\epsilon^{-7} \qquad \textrm{on}\ S^3,\end{align*}$$where $P_{S^3}$ is the Paneitz operator of the round metric $g_{S^3}$, then $u_\epsilon $ is constant. This confirms a conjecture proposed by Hang and Yang in [6].
Autoantibodies in Psoriatic Disease
Authors: Koussiouris John , Chandran Vinod 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis (Ps) is an inflammatory skin disease affecting over 8 million people in the USA and Canada. Approximately a quarter of patients with Ps have an inflammatory arthritis termed psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Psoriatic disease encompassing both Ps and PsA is regarded as an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, exhibiting both autoimmune and autoinflammatory features. Innate immune cell activation promotes inflammation and the cellular infiltrate in inflamed tissue is predominantly lymphocytic.

Content
A narrative review of the current literature on the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies found in psoriatic disease are presented. The frequency of several autoantibodies in Ps and PsA patients as well as their association with disease diagnosis, disease activity, and treatment response are reviewed.

Summary
Despite historically described as a rheumatoid factor negative (seronegative) disease, an array of autoantibodies has been identified in patients with psoriatic disease. Many of the autoantibodies reviewed are elevated in Ps and PsA patients and are associated with disease activity, treatment response, and cardiovascular disease risk. The identification of autoantibodies in Ps and PsA patients points to an autoimmune component potentially playing a role in psoriatic disease; however, additional evidence is needed to determine the clinical utility of these autoantibodies and their contribution to disease pathogenesis.
Blueprint for aligned data exchange for research and public health
Authors: Michaels Maria , Syed Sameemuddin , Lober William B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Making EHR Data More Available for Research and Public Health (MedMorph) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led initiative developing and demonstrating a reference architecture (RA) and implementation, including Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) implementation guides (IGs), describing how to leverage FHIR for aligned research and public health access to clinical data for automated data exchange. MedMorph engaged a technical expert panel of more than 100 members to model representative use cases, develop IGs (architectural and content), align with existing efforts in the FHIR community, and demonstrate the RA in research and public health uses. The RA IG documents common workflows needed to automatically send research data to Research Patient Data Repositories for multiple use cases. Sharing a common RA and canonical data model will improve data sharing for research and public health needs and generate evidence. MedMorph delivers a robust, reusable method to utilize data from electronic health records addressing multiple research and public health needs.