bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision Polishing Techniques for Metal Molding Dies and Glass Forming Technology “Slumping Method”
Authors: Shinozaki Akira , Kinoshita Junpei 
Published: August 2021

Precision manufacturing techniques are required for the fabrication of small and large optical components in various fields. To prepare molding dies with highly precise geometric shapes and surface roughness that are used in certain molding processes, polishing techniques have been investigated for many materials. In this research, the polishing techniques used for a SUS310S stainless steel molding die for the glass forming technology “slumping method” were investigated. The surface roughness of the polished SUS310S molding die surface was below Rz = 120 nm (P–V), Ra = 20 nm after 35 h of polishing with 0.5% alumina polishing liquid under a pressure of 1.7 kPa. In addition, the centerless polishing machine was designed and manufactured to polish cylindrical molding die surfaces with same polishing conditions. As the result of using cylindrical molding dies that made by this centerless polishing machine, the surface roughness of the glass plate formed using the slumping method with the polished molding die was below Ra = 20 nm. These results indicate that the surface roughness of the molding die had a small effect on the glass plate surface formed using the slumping method.
Applications of Titanium Dioxide Materials
Authors: Wu Xiaoping 
Published: August 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a stable, non-toxic inorganic material. Because of very high refractive index, TiO2 has been widely used as a white pigment. The optimal particle sizes of TiO2 for pigment applications are around 250 nm. The pigmentary applications of TiO2 can be found in many common products such as paints, plastics, paper and ink. Global titanium dioxide pigment sales have reached several million tons annually. Titanium dioxide is also a semiconducting material. When excited by photons which have energy equal to or higher than the band gap of TiO2, electron/hole pairs can be generated. The dynamics of the photo-generated electron/hole pairs of TiO2 is fundamentally important to its photocatalytic properties. More recently, nano-structured TiO2 has raised a great deal of interests in research after the discoveries of the important potentials for applications. The enormous efforts have been put in the preparation, characterization, scientific understandings, and modifications of the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. The applications of nano-structured TiO2 can be now found in a wide range of areas including electronic materials, energy, environment, health & medicine, catalysts, etc. This chapter has discussed and highlighted the development of the applications of titanium dioxide materials in many of those areas.
TiO2: A Semiconductor Photocatalyst
Authors: Abd Aziz Azrina , Khatun Fatema , Uddin Monir Minhaj , Lan Ching Sim , Kah Hon Leong 
Published: August 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered as an inert and safe material and has been used in many applications for decades. TiO2 have been widely studied, due to its interesting general properties in a wide range of fields including catalysis, antibacterial agents, in civil as nano-paint (self-cleaning) and especially photocatalysis, and that affect the quality of life. Thus, the development of nanotechnologies TiO2 nanoparticles, with numerous novel and useful properties, are increasingly manufactured and used. TiO2 doped with noble metal are good candidates in the performance these applications. The fascinating physical and chemical features of TiO2 depend on the crystal phase, size and shape of particles. For example, varying phases of crystalline TiO2 have different band gaps that rutile TiO2 of 3.0 eV and anatase TiO2 of 3.2 eV, determine the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. This chapter explains basic information on TiO2 and theoretical concepts of nanostructure of TiO2 nanoparticles as a semiconductor photocatalyst.
Determinants of Job Satisfaction of Accounting Professionals in Tunisia
Authors: Abdelmoula Lassaad , Boudabbous Sami 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to identify the factors that affect the job satisfaction of professional accountants. It examines the relative effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on job satisfaction among accounting professionals. Our methodology was applied to 232 accounting professionals working in Tunisia. The methods of data analysis are principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple regression. The results show that intrinsic and extrinsic factors have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. However, promotion, growth and recognition do not have effect on job satisfaction.
Use of Quality Potato Seeds in Family Farming Systems in the Highlands Zones of Peru
Authors: Pinedo-Taco Rember , Rolando Egusquiza-Bayona Percy , Anderson-Berens Dylan 
Published: August 2021

In the Andean region of Peru, the predominant production system for potatoes is family farming, oriented towards self-consumption, seed provision, and the sale of surplus production. Labor force activities for land preparation, sowing, maintenance, harvest and postharvest are under the responsibility of the family and eventually they hire farm laborers, when parcels are of a considerable size. Approximately 95% of the cultivated surface of potato crops is located in the high Andean zone, from 3000 to 4200 meters above sea level (masl), employing native varieties of tuber seeds and modern seeds introduced to production systems in the past 50 years. Potato systems in Peru, like the majority of underdeveloped countries, are characterized by the co-existence of formal and informal systems. Formal systems prioritize production and commercialization of seeds of just a few varieties positioned in modern markets which are regulated and accredited by a certification body according to the current legislation, while in the informal system the guarantee of seed quality falls under the responsibility of the very producers and users of those seeds.
Ce que la peur fait à l’engagement féministe
Authors: Blais Mélissa 
Published: August 2021

Alors qu’on associe généralement la peur à des réflexes tels que la fuite, l’inhibition ou la démobilisation lorsqu’il est question de militantisme, cet article examine comment cette émotion peut parfois stimuler l’engagement de militantes féministes. Située au croisement des approches « actionnistes » (Bernard, 2017) des émotions, de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux et de la sociologie féministe, la discussion proposée s’inspire de 87 entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés entre 2006 et 2015 à travers le Québec, et d’une comparaison entre les milieux féministes suisses romands et québécois grâce aux 31 entretiens réalisés en 2018 et 2019 dans ces deux régions. En tenant compte des niveaux macro, méso et micro de l’analyse, l’article interroge les effets contrastés de la peur sur l’engagement féministe selon le positionnement des actrices dans les rapports sociaux de race, de classe et de sexualité, mais aussi selon les origines de la peur (intra ou extra mouvement), son degré d’intensité, ses interactions avec d’autres émotions (dont la colère) et le travail émotionnel (Hochschild, 2012) des féministes interrogées. L’article brosse ainsi un portrait des causes de la peur chez les féministes pour ensuite analyser les séquences émotionnelles les plus récurrentes en vue de mettre en relief diverses combinaisons émotionnelles et leurs effets sur l’engagement des féministes.
« Par nous, pour nous »
Authors: Picot Pauline 
Published: August 2021

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique par observations et entretiens auprès de plusieurs collectifs antiracistes franciliens formés à partir de 2005, cet article examine les processus de production du « Nous » dans l’action collective. Il s’agit notamment de prendre au sérieux les processus émotionnels, dans une double perspective de sociologie de l’action collective et des rapports sociaux. On montre d’abord le lien entre engagement, sentiment d’injustice et colère face au racisme dans les trajectoires individuelles, lorsque la rencontre avec un cadre collectif permet de transformer cette colère en capacité d’agir. On analyse ensuite la dimension émotionnelle et relationnelle du travail militant, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des pratiques qui produisent de l’appartenance « pour soi » pour les participant·e·s, dans une logique de communalisation et de subjectivation politique qui dépasse les assignations raciales.
Les empreintes singulières des émotions premières des élus locaux
Authors: Faure Alain 
Published: August 2021

La réflexion s’appuie sur une série d’enquêtes par entretiens menées en France, en Italie et au Japon, concernant le récit par les élus locaux des émotions politiques qu’ils ont éprouvées avant d’exercer le pouvoir. Une revue de littérature sur ladémocratie des émotionspermet de souligner que, malgré une grande diversité d’avancées en matière de spécialisation des connaissances, de diversification des objets d’étude et d’hybridation des questionnements, peu de passerelles sont proposées pour éclairer les émotions fondatrices des élus et l’effet de ces dispositifs d’enthousiasme sur leur engagement politique. La première partie détaille deux résultats de recherche : d’une part, la récurrence de souvenirs s’apparentant à dessanglots enfouis(des émotions intériorisées liées à des blessures familiales, des fragilités affectives et la capacité précoce d’empathie relationnelle et de perception des injustices du monde) ; d’autre part, la formulation d’émois fondateursressentis lors des premières expériences de compétition électorale (sur les trois registres de l’euphorie, de la confiance et de l’attachement à des lieux). La seconde partie analyse ces données au regard des champs de connaissance sur l’engagement politique et l’exercice du pouvoir. L’auteur défend à titre exploratoire une approche mobilisant les notions d’égo-politique et de démocratie sensible pour comprendre le rôle de ces émotions premières dans l’exercice du pouvoir en matière de médiation, d’éligibilité et d’individualisation. La réflexion se conclut par une ouverture sur les protocoles de recherche qui intègrent des introspections autobiographiques et littéraires.
Connectivity in Spanish metapopulation of Dupont’s lark may be maintained by dispersal over medium-distance range and stepping stones
Authors: García-Antón Alexander , Garza Vicente , Traba Juan 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDupont’s Lark is an endangered bird, whose fragmented distribution in Europe is entirely restricted to Spain. This lark, suffering pronounced population decline and range contraction, inhabits steppes that have long been used for grazing sheep and are now threatened by rural abandonment and land use changes. Thus, for conservation of the lark, increasing knowledge about the connectivity of the Spanish metapopulation and identifying the most important connectivity nodes are crucial.MethodsThe study was carried out in Spain, using over 16,000 Dupont’s Lark georeferenced observations. We used distance buffers to define populations and subpopulations, based on the available scientific information. We identified potential stepping stones using a MaxEnt probability of presence model. Connectivity was assessed using Conefor software, using the centroid of each subpopulation and stepping stone as nodes. Each node was assigned a quantitative attribute based on total habitat area, within-node habitat quality and internal fragmentation. We evaluated different connectivity scenarios by potential movement thresholds (5–20–100 km) and presence or absence of stepping stones in the network.ResultsDupont’s Lark Iberian metapopulation comprises 24 populations and 100 subpopulations, plus 294 potential stepping stones. Movement thresholds and stepping stones had a strong influence in the potential network connectivity. The most important nodes are located in the core of the metapopulation, which shows connectivity among subpopulations in the different indices and scenarios evaluated. Peripheral populations are more isolated and require stepping stones or medium (20 km) or long (100 km) potential movement thresholds to join the network.DiscussionMetapopulation connectivity may be greater than expected, thanks to stepping stones and potential medium-distance movements. Connectivity is crucial for conservation and can be increased by preserving or improving adequate habitat in the most important nodes. Given the current species decline, steppe habitat should be urgently protected from land use changes and agriculture intensification, at least in the critical subpopulations and stepping stones. Long-term conservation of steppe lands and Dupont’s Lark in Spain requires the recovery of traditional grazing and more research on juvenile dispersion. Meanwhile, the conservation of potentially critical stepping stones should be incorporated to management plans.
Synthesis, Characterization, Swiss ADME and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper (II) Complex with 2-Sulfanilamidopyrimidine: Through DFT Spectroscopic with Profound Biological Implications
Authors: Khan Mohd. Washid , Mishra Ravi Prakash , Patel Bhavesh , Patel Shradha , Gupta Sujit , Sen Souvik 
Published: August 2021

Sulphadiazine and their copper metal complexes are dexterous ligands, which are condensation products of primary amines with carbonyl compounds gaining importance day by day in the present scenario. Spectral characterization and examination of the potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the synthesized complex were performed. The imine Cu(II) complex is characterized by FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The Stoichiometric M:L ratio was determined by Joe and Jones method. These compounds and their copper metal complex are very important in various biological systems and their medicinal and pharmaceutical fields. Schiff foundations show beneficial natural functions such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, anticancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and antiglycation. The present review summarizes information on the diverse biological activities and also highlights the recently synthesized numerous Schiff bases and their metal complex as potential bioactive core.
Efficacy of Affination on Quality Parameters of White Sugar During Refining Process
Authors: Hammam T. S. A. , Zaghlool M. M. , El-sherif Sanaa A. , EL-Naggar E. A. , Ferweez H. 
Published: August 2021

At laboratories of Delta Sugar Company, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, as well as Food science Department Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt during 2019 working season was carried out this work. It was particularly designed to evaluate the affination process of raw sugar at different temperatures on refined sugar quality parameters during sugar refining process under prevailing industrial conditions.
The obtained results revealed that there were a significant differences among raw cane sugar samples in the all studied physiochemical traits, i.e. moisture, sucrose, reducing sugars, starch, dextran and color (ICUMSA units) except total sugars and ash % , Significant effect of dextran addition for sugar type, where white sugar was affected more than raw sugar, and added dextran level, significant effect of affination syrup temperature on physiochemical properties of white sugar, i.e. dextran, starch, sucrose, ash, and colour, except reducing sugars percent was non-significant
it can be concluded from the present research that affination syrup temperature at 70oC is the best treatment under the study conditions regarding white sugar quality and can be recommended to the industry for further processing and quite near to the standards of white sugar.
Assessment of Bio-efficacy of Insecticides against Mites and Thrips Insect Pest of Chilli
Authors: Thakur Deepak , Upadhyay V. R. , Ahirwar Annu 
Published: August 2021

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018-19 in Samajik Vigyan Kendra, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Bordi, Sehore (M.P.) – INDIA. To assess the bio-efficacy of insecticides against mites and thrips insect pest of chilli pests. The bio-efficacy of three different insecticides, namely (i) Chlorfenapyr 240 SC - spray four time with different-different doses, (ii) Fipronil 5% SC and (iii) Imidacloprid 17.8 SL. One untreated plot was also used to investigate against Mites and Thrips. Among these insecticides, Chlorfenapyr 240SC doses 288 g.a.i/hac gram active ingredient per hactare) has reduced maximum mites and thrips population and it is most effective insecticides in chilli. The highest reduction of mites population recorded in treatment T4- (97.17%) followed by T3- chlorofenapyr (95.13%), T6- Imidacloprid (91.67%), T5- Fipronil 5% SC (85.35%), T2- chlorofenapyr (85.27%) and it was least in T1- chlorofenapyr (81.40%. Further, the thrips number was maximum reduced in treatment T4- chlorofenapyr (90.69%) followed by T3- chlorofenapyr (89.80%), T5- Fipronil 5% SC (89.51%), T6- Imidacloprid (74.18%), T2- chlorofenapyr (69.74%) and T1- chlorofenapyr (68.44 %). Hence, present study was clearly indicated that the treatment T4- chlorofenapyr 240SC@288 proved, the most effective insecticides. The cost benefit ratio was noted higher in Fipronil 5% SC@ 10 g.a.i ha-1 (3.20) followed by imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 50 g.a.i ha-1 (2.99).
Capsaicin Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles Augments Anticarcinogenic and Antiproliferative Competency Against 7,12 Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Induced Experimental Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis
Authors: Dhamodharan Kalaiyarasi , Vengaimaran Manobharathi , Sankaran Mirunalini 
Published: August 2021

Background: Capsaicin is a powerful phytochemical spotted in chilies, starkly tied up with a bunch of health benefits but its clinical applications in cancer therapy are limited due to its poor solubility, and low bioavailability. Nanotechnology offers a strategy to discover new formulations for hydrophobic agent.
Aim: The main intent of the current research was to investigate the effect of Capsaicin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CAP@CS-NP) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.
Methodology: Mammary tumor was induced in female rats by injecting DMBA (25mg/kg b.wt) at the first week of the experiment. After 7 weeks, CAP@CS-NP (4mg/kg b.wt) was administered orally to DMBA induced tumor bearing rats for 21 days (thrice per week). The experiment was terminated at the end of the 14th week and their plasma and tissue sections were analyzed.
Results: We found that significantly elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and diminished levels of antioxidant status in plasma, liver and mammary tissues. Increased levels of detoxification phase I enzymes and dropped levels of phase II enzymes in liver and mammary tissues in DMBA induced tumor bearing rats. As a result, oral administration of CAP@CS-NP suppressed the tumor growth, significantly raised body weight and restored abnormal enzymatic levels to near normal ranges. Additionally, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were also confirmed that CAP@CS-NP protects DMBA mediated cellular disruption and also inhibits abnormal cell proliferation.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that nano encapsulation of CAP@CS-NP could be useful in targeted drug delivery and act as a promising chemotherapeutic agent to treat mammary carcinogenesis.
Optical emission‐based phantom to verify coincidence of radiotherapy and imaging isocenters on an MR‐linac
Authors: Andreozzi Jacqueline M. , Brůža Petr , Cammin Jochen , Alexander Daniel A. , Pogue Brian W. , Green Olga , Gladstone David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeDemonstrate a novel phantom design using a remote camera imaging method capable of concurrently measuring the position of the x‐ray isocenter and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) isocenter on an MR‐linac.MethodsA conical frustum with distinct geometric features was machined out of plastic. The phantom was submerged in a small water tank, and aligned using room lasers on a MRIdian MR‐linac (ViewRay Inc., Cleveland, OH). The phantom physical isocenter was visualized in the MR images and related to the DICOM coordinate isocenter. To view the x‐ray isocenter, an intensified CMOS camera system (DoseOptics LLC., Hanover, NH) was placed at the foot of the treatment couch, and centered such that the optical axis of the camera was coincident with the central axis of the treatment bore. Two or four 8.3mm x 24.1cm beams irradiated the phantom from cardinal directions, producing an optical ring on the conical surface of the phantom. The diameter of the ring, measured at the peak intensity, was compared to the known diameter at the position of irradiation to determine the Z‐direction offset of the beam. A star‐shot method was employed on the front face of the frustum to determine X‐Y alignment of the MV beam. Known shifts were applied to the phantom to establish the sensitivity of the method.ResultsCouch translations, demonstrative of possible isocenter misalignments, on the order of 1mm were detectable for both the radiotherapy and MRI isocenters. Data acquired on the MR‐linac demonstrated an average error of 0.28mm(N=10, R2=0.997, σ=0.37mm) in established Z displacement, and 0.10mm(N=5, σ=0.34mm) in XY directions of the radiotherapy isocenter.ConclusionsThe phantom was capable of measuring both the MRI and radiotherapy treatment isocenters. This method has the potential to be of use in MR‐linac commissioning, and could be streamlined to be valuable in daily constancy checks of isocenter coincidence.
Hierarchical recursive least squares algorithms for Hammerstein nonlinear autoregressive output‐error systems
Authors: Kang Zhen , Ji Yan , Liu Ximei 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis article considers the parameter estimation problem of Hammerstein nonlinear autoregressive output‐error systems with autoregressive moving average noises. Applying the key term separation technique, the original system is decomposed into three subsystems: the first subsystem contains the unknown parameters related to the output, the second subsystem contains the unknown parameters related to the input, and the third subsystem contains the unknown parameters related to the noise model. A hierarchical recursive least squares algorithm is proposed based on the hierarchical identification principle for interactively identifying each subsystem. The simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm is effective in estimating the parameters of Hammerstein nonlinear autoregressive output‐error systems.
3D Bioprinting Constructs to Facilitate Skin Regeneration
Authors: Daikuara Luciana Y. , Chen Xifang , Yue Zhilian , Skropeta Danielle , Wood Fiona M. , Fear Mark W. , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, the advent of 3D printing for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has engendered great interest for those involved in skin repair and regeneration. 3D bioprinting allows spatial distribution of skin cells into predefined custom‐made structures to produce living skin mimics on the bench for grafting or drug testing. The key aspect of 3D bioprinting lies in the formulation of printable bioinks serving as matrix mimics to house skin cells, alongside an appropriate combination of cells. In this review, bioink formulations, cell combinations, as well as manufacturing methods exploited to develop 3D bioprinted constructs for skin regeneration are summarized. Issues to do with the selection of suitable materials and cells to ensure the functionality of the resulting skin constructs and fabrication of skin appendages are also addressed.