bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Value of Pepsinogen in the Screening, Prevention, and Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Han Xiao-Lei , Yi Chang-Lin , Ma Jin-Dan , He Yanhong , Wu La-Mei , Wang Yun-Feng , Yang Hui-Jian , Liang Dong-Yu , Shi Jin-Fang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the levels of serum pepsinogen (PG) in patients with gastric cancer (GC), patients with atrophic gastritis (AG), and healthy donors. Also, we explored the clinical value of PG detection for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.

Methods
The PG level in peripheral blood from patients and heathy donors was determined using an Abbott automatic chemiluminescence instrument. The study included 117 patients with GC confirmed by gastroscopy and histopathology, of whom 13 patients had cancer at stage I, 47 at stage II, 41 at stage III, and 16 at stage IV. The AG group included 122 patients, and the control group had 120 healthy donors. The relationship between serum PG levels and the occurrence and development of GC, as well as the evaluation of the clinical value of diagnostic tests based on serum PG detection, were investigated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Results
Pepsinogen I (PGI) levels gradually decreased from the control group, the AG group, and the GC group.
PGI exhibited high diagnostic value for GC (area under the curve [AUC], 0.834; cutoff, 51.2 ng/mL, sensitivity, 81.7%; specificity, 68.4%), PGII (AUC, 0.587; cutoff value, 13.05 ng/mL; sensitivity, 65.8%; specificity, 53.8%), and PGR (AUC, 0.752; cutoff, 5.65; sensitivity, 54.2%; specificity, 87.2%). The occurrence of GC was negatively correlated with serum levels of PGI (B = −0.054; OR = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.925–0.970; P &lt;.001) and PGR (B = −0.420; OR = 0.657; 95% CI, 0.499–0.864; P = .003).

Conclusions
The combined detection of PGI, PGII, and PGR has important clinical value for the screening, prevention, and diagnosis of GC and could allow for earlier detection, diagnosis, and treatment of GC.
Parental Responsibility after Divorce: the Case of North Macedonia
Authors: Mickovik Dejan , Selmani-Bakiu Arta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 2010 the Republic of North Macedonia began the process of drafting the Civil Code, which will be the most significant reform in the field of civil law since its independence in 1991. This reform is expected to include important amendments of the family law, including the regulation of the exercise of parental responsibilities after divorce. The authors in this article make a thorough analysis of the current legal framework in regard to the exercise of parental responsibilities after divorce in the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM). Their main purpose is to detect all legal solutions that are outdated and lead to a serious violation of the rights and interests of children. In the text, the authors provide an overview of the historical development of the legal regulation of the exercise of parental responsibilities after divorce, as well as an analysis of sociological research related to the consequences of divorce on the psychosocial development of children. In addition, the authors provide an overview of research on the impact of joint physical custody on children after divorce. Taking into consideration the importance of the best interest of the children, this article aims to point out the positive effect of joint physical custody on children. In the conclusion, the authors provide recommendations aiming towards a better regulation of the exercise of parental responsibilities after divorce in the new Civil Code of RNM which is now being drafted.
The origin of bulges and discs in the CALIFA survey – I. Morphological evolution
Authors: Méndez-Abreu J , de Lorenzo-Cáceres A , Sánchez S F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This series of papers aims at understanding the formation and evolution of non-barred disc galaxies. We use the new spectro-photometric decomposition code, c2d, to separate the spectral information of bulges and discs of a statistically representative sample of galaxies from the CALIFA survey. Then, we study their stellar population properties analysing the structure-independent datacubes with the Pipe3D algorithm. We find a correlation between the bulge-to-total (B/T) luminosity (and mass) ratio and galaxy stellar mass. The B/T mass ratio has only a mild evolution with redshift, but the bulge-to-disc (B/D) mass ratio shows a clear increase of the disc component since redshift z &lt; 1 for massive galaxies. The mass–size relation for both bulges and discs describes an upturn at high galaxy stellar masses (log (M⋆/M⊙) &gt; 10.5). The relation holds for bulges but not for discs when using their individual stellar masses. We find a negligible evolution of the mass–size relation for both the most massive ($\log {(M_{\star \rm ,b,d}/{\rm M}_{\odot })} \gt 10$) bulges and discs. For lower masses, discs show a larger variation than bulges. We also find a correlation between the Sérsic index of bulges and both galaxy and bulge stellar mass, which does not hold for the disc mass. Our results support an inside-out formation of nearby non-barred galaxies, and they suggest that (i) bulges formed early-on and (ii) they have not evolved much through cosmic time. However, we find that the early properties of bulges drive the future evolution of the galaxy as a whole, and particularly the properties of the discs that eventually form around them.
A novel approach to optimize the regularization and evaluation of dynamical models using a model selection framework
Authors: Lipka Mathias , Thomas Jens 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Orbit superposition models are a non-parametric dynamical modelling technique to determine the mass of a galaxy’s central supermassive black hole (SMBH), its stars, or its dark matter halo. One of the main problems is how to decide which model out of a large pool of trial models based on different assumed mass distributions represents the true structure of an observed galaxy best. We show that the traditional approach to judge models solely by their goodness-of-fit can lead to substantial biases in estimated galaxy properties caused by varying model flexibilities. We demonstrate how the flexibility of the models can be estimated using bootstrap iterations and present a model selection framework that removes these biases by taking the variable flexibility into account in the model evaluation. We extend the model selection approach to optimize the degree of regularization directly from the data. Altogether, this leads to a significant improvement of the constraining power of the modelling technique. We show with simulations that one can reconstruct the mass, anisotropy, and viewing angle of an axisymmetric galaxy with a few per cent accuracy from realistic observational data with fully resolved line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs). In a first application, we reproduce a photometric estimate of the inclination of the disc galaxy NGC 3368 to within 5° accuracy from kinematic data that cover only a few sphere-of-influence radii around the galaxy’s SMBH. This demonstrates the constraining power that can be achieved with orbit models based on fully resolved LOSVDs and a model selection framework.
Numerical simulations of dark matter haloes produce polytropic central cores when reaching thermodynamic equilibrium
Authors: Sánchez Almeida Jorge , Trujillo Ignacio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Self-gravitating astronomical objects often show a central plateau in the density profile (core) whose physical origin is hotly debated. Cores are theoretically expected in N-body systems of maximum entropy, however, they are not present in the canonical N-body numerical simulations of cold dark matter (CDM). Our work shows that despite this apparent contradiction between theory and numerical simulations, they are fully consistent. Simply put, cores are characteristic of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium, but thermalizing collisions are purposely suppressed in CDM simulations. When collisions are allowed, N-body numerical simulations develop cored density profiles, in perfect agreement with the theoretical expectation. We compare theory and two types of numerical simulations: (1) when DM particles are self-interacting (SIDM) with enough cross-section, then the effective two-body relaxation time-scale becomes shorter than the Hubble time resulting in cored DM haloes. The haloes thus obtained, with masses from dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters, collapse to a single shape after normalization, and this shape agrees with the polytropic density profile theoretically expected. (2) The inner radii in canonical N-body numerical simulations are always discarded because the use of finite-mass DM particles artificially increases the two-body collision rate. We show that the discarded radii develop cores which are larger than the employed numerical softening and have polytropic shape independently of halo mass. Our work suggests that the presence of cores in simulated (or observed) density profiles can used as evidence for systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Some glimpses of the plasma processes involved in power spectra of radio pulsars
Authors: Roy Tridib 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although more than a half-century since pulsar discovery, the field of pulsar astronomy has attained an unprecedented level of success and has opened several windows in astronomy, very few theories have been put forwarded to investigate the nature of power spectra and emission properties of radio pulsars. There has been a copious amount of observation dedicated to investigating the nature and shape of radio pulsar’s power spectra. In this paper, I have suggested some alternative plasma processes in the frame of general parametric instability, such as Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Stimulated Compton Scattering (SCS) as a potential probe to generate power spectra theoretically. There are basically three prominent processes in which electromagnetic waves can undergo scattering in an ambient plasma medium. First, one is very well-known Compton scattering; it is when the scattering of radiation occurs by a single electron. The second and third ones are SRS and SCS, which are the relatively less known plasma phenomena. By definition, SRS is a process where the scattering of radiation occurs by longitudinal electron plasma mode, whereas SCS occurs by highly damped electron plasma mode. I have explored the possibility of explaining the radio power spectra of pulsar under different circumstances of plasma. I have computed the growth rates of SRS and SCS instabilities numerically. Thereafter, I have produced full radio power spectra of the pulsars PSRB 2111+46, PSRB 0329+54 theoretically by assuming typical pulsar parameters, dispersion relation associated with the plasma of three-wave interacting parametric instability process and the spatial variation associated with different plasma parameters like plasma density, Lorentz factor of electrons, frequency, and input flux of the pump wave.
Dark acoustic oscillations: imprints on the matter power spectrum and the halo mass function
Authors: Schaeffer Timothée , Schneider Aurel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Many non-minimal dark matter scenarios lead to oscillatory features in the matter power spectrum induced by interactions either within the dark sector or with particles from the standard model. Observing such dark acoustic oscillations would therefore be a major step towards understanding dark matter. We investigate what happens to oscillatory features during the process of non-linear structure formation. We show that at the level of the power spectrum, oscillations are smoothed out by non-linear mode coupling, gradually disappearing towards lower redshifts. In the halo mass function, however, the oscillatory features remain visible until the present epoch. As a consequence, dark acoustic oscillations could be detectable in observations that are either based on the halo mass function or on the high-redshift power spectrum. We investigate the effect of such features on different observables, namely the cluster mass function, the stellar-to-halo mass relation, and the Lyman α flux power spectrum. We find that oscillatory features remain visible in all of these observables, but they are very extended and of low amplitude, making it challenging to detect them as distinct features in the data.
Genetic Architecture Underlying Nascent Speciation—The Evolution of Eurasian Pigs under Domestication
Authors: Xie Hai-Bing , Wang Li-Gang , Fan Chen-Yu , Zhang Long-Chao , Adeola Adeniyi C , Yin Xue , Zeng Zhao-Bang , Wang Li-Xian , Zhang Ya-Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Speciation is a process whereby the evolution of reproductive barriers leads to isolated species. Although many studies have addressed large-effect genetic footprints in the advanced stages of speciation, the genetics of reproductive isolation in nascent stage of speciation remains unclear. Here, we show that pig domestication offers an interesting model for studying the early stages of speciation in great details. Pig breeds have not evolved the large X-effect of hybrid incompatibility commonly observed between “good species.” Instead, deleterious epistatic interactions among multiple autosomal loci are common. These weak Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities confer partial hybrid inviability with sex biases in crosses between European and East Asian domestic pigs. The genomic incompatibility is enriched in pathways for angiogenesis, androgen receptor signaling and immunity, with an observation of many highly differentiated cis-regulatory variants. Our study suggests that partial hybrid inviability caused by pervasive but weak interactions among autosomal loci may be a hallmark of nascent speciation in mammals.
LZerD webserver for pairwise and multiple protein–protein docking
Authors: Christoffer Charles , Chen Siyang , Bharadwaj Vijay , Aderinwale Tunde , Kumar Vidhur , Hormati Matin , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Protein complexes are involved in many important processes in living cells. To understand the mechanisms of these processes, it is necessary to solve the 3D structures of the protein complexes. When protein complex structures have not yet been determined by experiment, protein-protein docking tools can be used to computationally model the structures of these complexes. Here, we present a webserver which provides access to LZerD and Multi-LZerD protein docking tools. The protocol provided by the server have performed consistently among the top in the CAPRI blind evaluation. LZerD docks pairs of structures, while Multi-LZerD can dock three or more structures simultaneously. LZerD uses a soft protein surface representation with 3D Zernike descriptors and explores the binding pose space using geometric hashing. Multi-LZerD performs multi-chain docking by combining pairwise solutions by LZerD. Both methods output full-atom docked models of the input proteins. Users can also input distance constraints between interacting or non-interacting residues as well as residues that locate at the interface or far from the interface. The webserver is equipped with a user-friendly panel that visualizes the distribution and structures of binding poses of top scoring models. The LZerD webserver is available at https://lzerd.kiharalab.org.
Carbon monoxide exposures reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service: a 4-year study
Authors: Gentile Daniela , Adams Richard , Klatka Michal , Bradberry Sally , Gray Laurence , Thanacoody Ruben , Jackson Gillian , Sandilands Euan A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Unintentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning poses a public health challenge. The UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) provides advice to healthcare professionals via the online database, TOXBASE®, and a 24-hour telephone line. Our aim was to analyse all CO-related enquiries to the NPIS.

Methods
We analysed enquiries regarding unintentional CO exposure (1st July 2015-30th June 2019). Information on patient demographics, CO source and location, clinical features and poisoning severity was collected from telephone enquiries and TOXBASE accesses.

Results
2970 unintentional non-fire-related CO exposures were reported. Exposures occurred commonly in the home (60%) with faulty boilers frequently implicated (27.4%). Although five fatalities were reported, 68.7% of patients experienced no or minor symptoms only (headache most frequently reported). Despite being the gold standard measurement, blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentration was only recorded in 25.6% patients, with no statistically significant correlation with severity.

Conclusions
Unintentional CO exposures in the UK commonly occur in domestic settings and although are generally of low severity, fatalities continue to occur. Carboxyhaemoglobin measurement is important to confirm exposure but further work is required to assess its validity as a prognostic indicator in CO exposure. Public health policy should continue to focus on raising awareness of the dangers of CO.
Uncertainty in the Hot Hand Fallacy: Detecting Streaky Alternatives to Random Bernoulli Sequences
Authors: Ritzwoller David M , Romano Joseph P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study a class of permutation tests of the randomness of a collection of Bernoulli sequences and their application to analyses of the human tendency to perceive streaks of consecutive successes as overly representative of positive dependence—the hot hand fallacy. In particular, we study permutation tests of the null hypothesis of randomness (i.e. that trials are i.i.d.) based on test statistics that compare the proportion of successes that directly follow $k$ consecutive successes with either the overall proportion of successes or the proportion of successes that directly follow $k$ consecutive failures. We characterize the asymptotic distributions of these test statistics and their permutation distributions under randomness, under a set of general stationary processes, and under a class of Markov chain alternatives, which allow us to derive their local asymptotic power. The results are applied to evaluate the empirical support for the hot hand fallacy provided by four controlled basketball shooting experiments. We establish that substantially larger data sets are required to derive an informative measurement of the deviation from randomness in basketball shooting. In one experiment, for which we were able to obtain data, multiple testing procedures reveal that one shooter exhibits a shooting pattern significantly inconsistent with randomness—supplying strong evidence that basketball shooting is not random for all shooters all of the time. However, we find that the evidence against randomness in this experiment is limited to this shooter. Our results provide a mathematical and statistical foundation for the design and validation of experiments that directly compare deviations from randomness with human beliefs about deviations from randomness and thereby constitute a direct test of the hot hand fallacy.
Cortical monitoring of cardiac activity during rapid eye movement sleep: the heartbeat evoked potential in phasic and tonic rapid-eye-movement microstates
Authors: Simor Péter , Bogdány Tamás , Bódizs Róbert , Perakakis Pandelis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSleep is a fundamental physiological state that facilitates neural recovery during periods of attenuated sensory processing. On the other hand, mammalian sleep is also characterized by the interplay between periods of increased sleep depth and environmental alertness. Whereas the heterogeneity of microstates during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep was extensively studied in the last decades, transient microstates during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep received less attention. REM sleep features two distinct microstates: phasic and tonic. Previous studies indicate that sensory processing is largely diminished during phasic REM periods, whereas environmental alertness is partially reinstated when the brain switches into tonic REM sleep. Here, we investigated interoceptive processing as quantified by the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) during REM microstates. We contrasted the HEPs of phasic and tonic REM periods using two separate databases that included the nighttime polysomnographic recordings of healthy young individuals (N = 20 and N = 19). We find a differential HEP modulation of a late HEP component (after 500 ms post-R-peak) between tonic and phasic REM. Moreover, the late tonic HEP component resembled the HEP found in resting wakefulness. Our results indicate that interoception with respect to cardiac signals is not uniform across REM microstates, and suggest that interoceptive processing is partially reinstated during tonic REM periods. The analyses of the HEP during REM sleep may shed new light on the organization and putative function of REM microstates.
Virtual Twelve Step Meeting Attendance During the COVID-19 Period: A Study of Members of Narcotics Anonymous
Authors: Galanter Marc , White William L. , Hunter Brooke 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Face-to-face meetings are key components of Twelve Step (TS) fellowships’ support of members’ abstinence. Home confinement during COVID-19 made this less feasible. Our objective was to ascertain whether a transition to virtual online meetings among TS members took place, and whether it was potentially effective.

Methods:
Two thousand one hundred fifty-two long-standing USA members of Narcotics Anonymous (NA) were surveyed to ascertain their recovery-related experiences and their relation to the transition to virtual meetings.

Results:
During the previous week (ie, ‘during COVID-19’) respondents attended more virtual meetings (

= 4.13[SD4.64]) than they had attended both face-to-face meetings before COVID-19 (

= 3.35[SD2.05]), and also face-to-face meetings during COVID-19 (

= 0.75[SD1.8]). Many of the meetings were accessed from sites remote from their homes (44.4%), even overseas (21.5%). The majority (64.9%) found virtual meetings at least as effective in promoting their abstinence as were face-to-face meetings, and 41.8% estimated the same for newcomers. A shorter period of antecedent abstinence from drugs and increased loneliness were associated with increased craving during the transition period. Relative to Whites, Black respondents were less distressed, with a lesser increase in craving, and currently attended more virtual meetings. Data provided by a national program reflected a large increase in virtual TS attendance since the onset of the pandemic.

Conclusions:
In a survey of well-established NA members, most had made a successful transition from face-to-face to virtual meetings, relative to their antecedent characteristics. This successful transition suggests the possibility of an enhanced opportunity for stabilizing TS membership.