Abstract 318: Multi-omics to edge into precision medicine for DIPG
Authors: Tang Nanyun , Leskoske Kristin , Garcia-Mansfield Krystine , Sharma Ritin , Tolson Hannah , Pirrotte Patrick , Berens Michael E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Effective targeted cancer therapies are limited due to lack of our understanding of disease pathogenesis at the molecular level. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable pediatric brain tumor with 80% of DIPGs harboring H3F3A (H3.3) mutation that lead to a substitution of methionine for lysine at position 27 (K27M). The tumors bearing H3.3K27M mutation arise throughout the midline structures with global depletion of H3.3K27 me3 (trimethylation). These histone mutations modify the epigenome and alter oncogenic transcription, causing oncogenic insults to progenitor cells in early neurodevelopment (PMID: 30453529). To determine the reprogramming pathways in the cell context of H3.3K27M tumors, we conducted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis on seven patient-derived DIPG cell lines that can be stably passaged in serum-free neural stem cell media and displayed distinct morphologies, growth rates and chromosome abnormalities (PMID: 21368213). Three normal neuronal stem cell lines were included as non-tumor brain cells for comparison. Pathway analysis identified 29 pathways that are significantly altered in DIPG compared to normal brain cells at both the protein abundance and phosphosite level. Notably, AKT and MAPK associated PI3K signaling, VEGF signaling, mTOR signaling, and HIF1a signaling were differentially active in H3.3K27M tumors compared to healthy control cell lines. We saw significantly higher activity of multiple kinases involved in axon guidance and cytoskeletal remodeling in DIPG, such as PTK2B, DYRK2, TTBK2 and MARK2. This is the first time to report an increased abundance and kinase activity of Pyk2 protein (coded by PTK2B), a close homologue of FAK and its associated signaling in DIPG. Overexpression and autophosphorylation of Pyk2 are required to stimulate glioma cell migration (PMIDs: 15967096, 18648907). Pyk2 has also been proposed to act in concert with Src to link Gi- or Gq-coupled receptors with the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway (PMID:12960403). Because of the shared signaling across kinase pathways, targeting activated Pyk2 in DIPG may complement inhibitors of other dysregulated signaling networks in DIPG such as MAPK2, VEGFR, PI3K and Src. Our data also found that IL13RA2 was upregulated in DIPG; others have shown that increased expression of IL13RA2 is associated with poor prognosis in GBM (PMIDs: 32913543, 30366424). We conclude that for H3 K27M DIPG tumors, campaigns to target Pyk2, MAPK2, VEGFR, PI3K, Src and IL13Ra2 using small molecules that traverse the blood brain barrier loom as promising opportunities for drug development.
Citation Format: Nanyun Tang, Kristin Leskoske, Krystine Garcia-Mansfield, Ritin Sharma, Hannah Tolson, Patrick Pirrotte, Michael E. Berens. Multi-omics to edge into precision medicine for DIPG [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 318.