bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Synovitis of Hand in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Diffusion Kurtosis Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Initial Findings
Authors: Liu Kaifang , Meng Jie , Zhou Nan , Zhao Cheng , Wei Yu , He Jian , Chen Weibo , Sun Lingyun , Zhou Zhengyang 
Published: June 2021

Objective
To explore the role of diffusion kurtosis magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the noninvasive identification of synovitis in hand arthritis.

Methods
A total of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 10 patients suspected of RA were enrolled in the prospective study. A 3.0-T MR imaging including the diffusion kurtosis MR imaging sequence (b = 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 s·mm2) was performed. A total of 210 regions of interest were confirmed and diffusion kurtosis MR imaging parameters were generated. The suspected synovitis or effusion was scored on a scale of 0 (effusion) to 3 (mild, moderate, severe synovitis), according to RA-MR imaging scoring system. The performance of diffusion kurtosis MR imaging parameters (the apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], diffusion coefficient [D], and kurtosis [K]) in distinguishing different synovitis scores was evaluated.

Results
There were significant differences in ADC, D, and K values among different synovitis scores (all P < 0.001). Synovitis scores were negatively correlated with the ADC and D values significantly (r = −0.725, −0.757, respectively, all P < 0.001), but positively correlated with the K values significantly (r = 0.429, P < 0.001). The area under the curve values of D, ADC, and K values were 0.884, 0.874, and 0.728 for differentiating score 1–3 from score 0, respectively. Diffusion coefficient and ADC had similar diagnostic performance, and both were higher than K in detecting synovitis. No significant difference was found between the ADC and D values in detecting synovitis.

Conclusions
The diffusion kurtosis MR imaging may be feasible as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis and grading of synovitis in the hands of RA patients, and the D and ADC values showed similar diagnostic performance, both of which were higher than K values.
Automated Diseased Lung Volume Percentage Calculation in Quantitative CT Evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Kitaguchi Yoshiaki , Fujimoto Keisaku , Droma Yunden , Yasuo Masanori , Wada Yosuke , Ueno Fumika , Kinjo Takumi , Kawakami Satoshi , Fukushima Kiyoyasu , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Several software-based quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis methods have been developed for assessing emphysema and interstitial lung disease. Although the texture classification method appeared to be more successful than the other methods, the software programs are not commercially available, to our knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the usefulness of a commercially available software program for quantitative CT analyses.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 80 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Results
The percentage of low attenuation volume and high attenuation volume had high sensitivity and high specificity for detecting emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, respectively. The percentage of diseased lung volume (DLV%) was significantly correlated with the lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide in all patients with COPD and IPF patients.

Conclusions
The quantitative CT analysis may improve the precision of the assessment of DLV%, which itself could be a useful tool in predicting lung diffusion capacity in patients with the clinical diagnosis of COPD or IPF.
The Modified Sublay Technique for the Management of Major Subcostal Incisional Hernia
Authors: Zuvela Marinko , Galun Danijel , Bogdanovic Aleksandar , Bidzic Nemanja , Zivanovic Marko , Zuvela Milos , Zuvela Milan 
Published: June 2021

Background
The aims of this study were to present the concept of original technique in the management of major incisional subcostal hernias and to evaluate short- and long-term outcome.

Method
Between January 2010 and January 2020, 280 patients underwent hernia repair surgery for incisional lateral abdominal hernia at Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia. Among them, 37 patients underwent the modified sublay technique for major incisional subcostal hernia with minimal hernia defect surface of 100 cm2 or greater or minimal hernia defect width or height of 10 cm or greater. The operative techniques are as follows: retromuscular dissection of rectus muscle from posterior sheath on the both sides of hernia defect, external oblique muscle dissection from internal oblique muscle in a circle around hernia defect at the side of the hernia defect, complete reconstruction of the posterior myofascial layer, large heavyweight polypropylene mesh placement in a sublay position, and complete or partial reconstruction of anterior myofascial layer.

Results
A median (range) hernia defect surface was 150 (100–500) cm2. A median operative time was 130 (90–330) minutes. The morbidity rate was 18.9%. A median (range) postoperative hospital stay was 7 (2–24) days. After the median follow-up of 50 (1–108) months, 2 patients (5.4%) developed recurrent hernia.

Conclusions
The modified sublay technique using large heavyweight polypropylene mesh provides good results in the management of major subcostal abdominal wall defects.
Transabdominal Breast Augmentation With Silicone Gel Implants
Authors: Stümpfle Rubem Lang , Piccinini Pedro Salomão , Zanin Eduardo Madalosso 
Published: June 2021

Background
Breast augmentation is frequently performed together with abdominoplasty. Although breast augmentation incisions generally heal well, patients almost universally will appreciate having fewer scars; this is the basic rationale for transabdominal breast augmentation. In addition, a transabdominal approach may decrease the risk of implant contamination because there is no contact of the implants with skin.

Methods
A chart review of the senior author's private practice, from 2012 to 2020, was performed; 68 female patients who underwent abdominoplasty in association with transabdominal breast augmentation, with at least 1 year of follow-up, were included. All patients underwent liposuction, standard abdominoplasty with wide suprafascial abdominal flap undermining, and liposuction of the abdominal flap as needed. Round, silicone gel implants (Mentor Siltex, Santa Monica, CA) were used.

Results
A total of 68 patients were operated on. Mean age was 49 years (range, 25–68 years), mean body mass index was 25.7 kg/m2 (range, 22.3–29.5 kg/m2). The most commonly used implant volume (mode) was 270 mL (range, 225–395 mL). Implants were high (75%) or ultrahigh profile (25%). Eight patients (15%) had previously undergone breast augmentation. Seven patients (12%) underwent simultaneous breast fat grafting. There were no major complications. There were no complications related to the breast augmentation (ie, no extrusion or infection, malposition requiring revision, or capsular contracture). No patients requested upsizing or other revision of their implants.
With regard to the abdominoplasty, there were 4 cases of well-circumscribed seroma treated with serial aspiration in the office. There were no cases of abdominoplasty site infection. Five patients required revision of abdominoplasty incisions. Two patients requested revision liposuction after weight gain.

Conclusions
Breast augmentation through an abdominoplasty incision may incur benefits beyond the obvious single surgical scar. Overall, transabdominal breast augmentation, in adequately selected patients, is an option which is safe, does not increase operative time, can lead to good results, and may potentially decrease some complications related to breast augmentation through other incision sites.
A New Decade for Diversity
Authors: Xun Helen , He Waverley , Chen Jonlin , Long Chao , Kraenzlin Franca , Lee Erica , Yesantharao Pooja , Cooney Carisa S. , Amalfi Ashley , Huston Tara L. , Broderick Kristen 
Published: June 2021

Background
In 2018, the Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons first Women in Plastic Surgery was established, reflecting the national trend to address the gender gap between men and women in surgery. Conferences, such as the annual NESPS, are important opportunities to increase visibility of female role models and resources to address deterrents to surgical careers. We thus sought to examine the participation and visibility of women in the NESPS over the last decade.

Methods
Abstracts and programs from the NESPS regional conferences between 2013 and 2019 were accessed via the publicly available past meetings archives, and registration lists were provided by the NESPS. Registrants, panelists, speakers, moderators, and first author and senior author listed for each poster presentation, podium presentation was listed, sex was determined (male or female), and sex were aggregated by category of participation. Significance was set at a P value of less than 0.05.

Results
Registration of women for the NESPS annual conferences was constant for 5 years (2013–2017), followed by an increase in female registrants from 27.1% in 2017 to 42.3% in 2019. Female representation among poster and podium presentations also increased from 2017 to 2019 (7.7%–23.3% poster presentations and 11.1%–23.4% podium presentations). Invited positions (speakers, panelists, and moderators) had a peak of 32.2% in 2017, but otherwise, there is no clear evidence of improved representation of women.

Conclusions
We found an increase in the proportion of female registrants at the annual NESPS conferences from 2013 to 2019. However, visibility of female participants fluctuated over the same period; addressing this represents one opportunity for closing the gender gap at the NESPS. As the percentage of female trainees continues to rise, we look to female faculty to continue to participate in educational events, such as the NESPS meeting, and to be present as role models for the growing new generation of female plastic surgeons.
What is physiologging? Introduction to the theme issue, part 2
Authors: Hawkes L. A. , Fahlman A. , Sato K. 
Published: June 2021

The physiological mechanisms by which animals regulate energy expenditure, respond to stimuli and stressors, and maintain homeostasis at the tissue, organ and whole organism levels can be described by ‘physiologging’—that is, the use of onboard miniature electronic devices to record physiological metrics of animals in captivity or free-living in the wild. Despite its origins in the 1960s, physiologging has evolved more slowly than its umbrella field of biologging. However, the recording of physiological metrics in free-living animals will be key to solving some of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation, issues pertaining to animal health and welfare, and for inspiring future therapeutic strategies for human health. Current physiologging technologies encompass the measurement of physiological variables such as heart rate, brain activity, body temperature, muscle stimulation and dynamic movement, yet future developments will allow for onboard logging of metrics relating to organelle, molecular and genetic function.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part II)’.
Rapid, large-scale wastewater surveillance and automated reporting system enabled early detection of nearly 85% of COVID-19 cases on a University campus
Authors: Karthikeyan Smruthi , Nguyen Andrew , McDonald Daniel , Zong Yijian , Ronquillo Nancy , Ren Junting , Zou Jingjing , Farmer Sawyer , Humphrey Greg , Henderson Diana , Javidi Tara , Messer Karen , Anderson Cheryl , Schooley Robert , Martin Natasha , Knight Rob 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWastewater based surveillance has gained prominence and come to the forefront as a leading indicator of forecasting COVID-19 infection dynamics owing to its cost-effectiveness and its ability to inform early public health interventions. A university campus could especially benefit from wastewater surveillance as they are characterized by largely asymptomatic populations and are potential hotspots for transmission that necessitate frequent diagnostic testing. In this study, we employed a large-scale GIS (Geographic information systems) enabled building-level wastewater monitoring system associated with the on-campus residences of 7614 individuals. Sixty-eight automated wastewater samplers were deployed to monitor 239 campus buildings with a focus on residential buildings. Time-weighted composite samples were collected on a daily basis and analyzed within the same day. Sample processing was streamlined significantly through automation, reducing the turnaround time by 20-fold and exceeding the scale of similar surveillance programs by 10 to 100-fold, thereby overcoming one of the biggest bottlenecks in wastewater surveillance. An automated wastewater notification system was developed to alert residents to a positive wastewater sample associated with their residence and to encourage uptake of campus-provided asymptomatic testing at no charge. This system, integrated with the rest of the “Return to Learn” program at UC San Diego-led to the early diagnosis of nearly 85% of all COVID-19 cases on campus. Covid-19 testing rates increased by 1.9-13X following wastewater notifications. Our study shows the potential for a robust, efficient wastewater surveillance system to greatly reduce infection risk as college campuses and other high-risk environments reopen.IMPORTANCEWastewater based epidemiology can be particularly valuable at University campuses where high-resolution spatial sampling in a well-controlled context could not only provide insight into what affects campus community as well as how those inferences can be extended to a broader city/county context. In the present study, a large-scale wastewater surveillance was successfully implemented on a large university campus enabling early detection of 85% of COVID-19 cases thereby averting potential outbreaks. The highly automated sample processing to reporting system enabled dramatically reduced the turnaround time to 5h (sample to result time) for 96 samples. Furthermore, miniaturization of the sample processing pipeline brought down the processing cost significantly ($13/sample). Taken together, these results show that such a system could greatly ameliorate long-term surveillance on such communities as they look to reopen.
Models of COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation: a systematic literature search and narrative review
Authors: Saadi Nuru , Chi Y-Ling , Ghosh Srobana , Eggo Rosalind M , McCarthy Ciara , Quaife Matthew , Dawa Jeanette , Jit Mark , Vassall Anna 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundHow best to prioritise COVID-19 vaccination within and between countries has been a public health and an ethical challenge for decision-makers globally. We systematically reviewed epidemiological and economic modelling evidence on population priority groups to minimise COVID-19 mortality, transmission and morbidity outcomes.MethodsWe searched the National Institute of Health iSearch COVID-19 Portfolio (a database of peer-reviewed and pre-print articles), Econlit, the Centre for Economic Policy Research and the National Bureau of Economic Research for mathematical modelling studies evaluating the impact of prioritising COVID-19 vaccination to population target groups. We narratively synthesised the main study conclusions on prioritisation and the conditions under which the conclusions changed.FindingsThe search identified 1820 studies. 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were narratively synthesised. 83% of studies described outcomes in high-income countries. We found that for countries seeking to minimise deaths, prioritising vaccination of senior adults was the optimal strategy and for countries seeking to minimise cases the young were prioritised. There were several exceptions to the main conclusion, notably reductions in deaths could be increased, if groups at high risk of both transmission and death could be further identified. Findings were also sensitive to the level of vaccine coverage.InterpretationThe evidence supports WHO SAGE recommendations on COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation. There is however an evidence gap on optimal prioritisation for low- and middle-income countries, studies that included an economic evaluation, and studies that explore prioritisation strategies if the aim is to reduce overall health burden including morbidity.
The development and usability testing of two digital knowledge translation tools for parents of children with urinary tract infections
Authors: Le Anne , Hartling Lisa , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTI) are a common source of acute illness for infants and children. Approximately 7-8% of girls and 2% of boys will experience a UTI before they are 8 years old. UTIs may be difficult to identify and treat as symptoms in children are different from expected adult symptoms. A previously conducted systematic review identified four common information needs expressed by parents. More specifically, the research identified that parents had difficulty recognizing signs and symptoms of UTIs, felt disappointed by health care provider’s responses, needed timely and relevant information, and feared the unknown due to lack of UTI knowledge. This demonstrates that more effective knowledge translation tools are needed to satisfy parent information needs.The purpose of this research was to work with parents to develop and test the usability of an interactive infographic and video about UTIs in children. Prototypes were evaluated by parents through usability testing in two Alberta emergency department waiting rooms. Results were positive and overall, the tools were highly rated across all usability items, suggesting that arts-based digital tools are useful mediums for sharing health information with parents.
Therapeutic mammoplasty as a viable surgical approach in Breast Cancer Patients from India: A Single Institutional Audit
Authors: Koppiker C. B. , Joshi Sneha , Mishra Rupa , Kelkar Devaki A. , Chigurupati Pragnya , Joshi Anjali , John Jisha , Kadu Shweta , Gangurde Nutan , Thakkar Deepti , Sharan Gautam , Dhar Upendra , Allampati HariKiran , Nare Smeeta , Dewle Ankush , Nagarkar Sanket , Busheri Laleh 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionTherapeutic mammoplasty (TM) is a type of oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) well suited to breast cancers in medium-large sized breasts with ptosis, and in some cases of large or multifocal/Multicentric (MF/MC) tumors. It includes contralateral symmetrisation. This report describes our experiences and outcomes of TM in breast cancer patients in a single institutional cohort in India.MethodsWe present data for 207 cases (194 breast cancer, 13 benign disease) who underwent TM as part of their primary treatment. All patients underwent surgery after careful analysis of feasibility by a multidisciplanary tumor board and patient counselling. We report the clinicopathological profiles, surgical and oncological outcomes, and patient related outcome measures (PROMs) with different TM surgical procedures.ResultsPatients were relatively young at a median age of 49 years with moderate-large breasts and grade II-III ptosis. Patients underwent simple (n=96), complex (n=79) or extreme TM (n=46). Low post-operative complication rates and good-excellent cosmetic scores were observed. With median follow-up of 26 months, 148 patients completed more than 1 year follow-up. The 1-year BREAST-Q PROMs revealed good-to-excellent scores for all types of therapeutic mammoplasty.ConclusionWe conclude that in a country where women present with large and locally advanced tumours, TM safely expands the indications for breast conservation surgery. PROMs scores show that this surgery is perceived to be physically and mentally satisfactory. With the popularization of this procedure, it is possible that more Indian patients with breast cancer will receive the benefits of breast conservation while maintaining their quality of life.
High-Risk Endometrial Cancer Assessed by Immediate Intraoperative Frozen Sections of Sentinel Lymph Nodes – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Miller Sarah E , Tavallaee Mahkam , Renz Malte , Folkins Ann K , Karam Amer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile sentinel lymph node (SLN) sampling has been established for low-risk endometrial cancer, few data exists on high-risk histologies. This study aims to measure the accuracy of immediate intraoperative SLN biopsy with frozen section in high-risk endometrial cancer. Patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer of high-grade histology (grade 3 endometrioid, clear cell, serous, carcinosarcoma, de- or undifferentiated histology) between 2014 and 2019 at a single institution who underwent SLN mapping, followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without para-aortic lymphadenectomy were included. SLNs were assessed intraoperatively using multiple frozen sections and H&E staining. Lymph node metastases detected by SLN biopsy were compared with complete lymphadenectomy specimens.35 patients with high-grade endometrial cancer histology underwent SLN mapping followed by lymphadenectomy. In 34 of 35 (97%) of these patients mapping with at least one SLN was successful. Positive SLNs were identified in 7/34 patients (20.6%). There were no patients who had positive lymph nodes on complete lymphadenectomy without a positive SLN, resulting in 100% sensitivity, and 0% false-negative rate.SLN mapping using intraoperative frozen sections in high-risk endometrial cancer demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 0% false-negative rate, provides immediate feedback on successful SLN mapping and valuable intraoperative information on the disease status guiding the intraoperative decision for completion lymphadenectomy.HighlightsIntraoperative SLN assessment in high-grade endometrial cancer by frozen section.100% sensitivity and 0% false-negative rate compared to complete lymphadenectomy.Protocol provides immediate intraoperative feedback on successful SLN mapping.Protocol helps inform surgeon’s decision to proceed with complete lymphadenectomy.
Complexity and Variability Analyses of Motor Activity Distinguish Mood States in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Jakobsen Petter , Stautland Andrea , Riegler Michael Alexander , Côté-Allard Ulysse , Sepasdar Zahra , Nordgreen Tine , Torresen Jim , Fasmer Ole Bernt , Oedegaard Ketil Joachim 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAimsChanges in motor activity are core symptoms of mood episodes in bipolar disorder. The manic state is characterized by increased variance, augmented complexity and irregular circadian rhythmicity when compared to healthy controls. The aim was to characterize differences in motor activity when comparing manic patients to their euthymic selves.MethodsMotor activity was collected from 14 bipolar inpatients in mania and remission. 24-h recordings and 2-h time series in the morning and evening were analyzed for mean activity, variability and complexity. Lastly, the recordings were analyzed with the similarity graph algorithm and graph theory concepts such as edges, bridges, connected components and cliques.ResultsWhen compared to euthymia, over the duration of approximately one circadian cycle, the manic state presented reduced variability, displayed by decreased standard deviation (p = 0.013) and augmented complexity shown by increased sample entropy (p = 0.025). During mania there were also fewer edges (p = 0.039) and more bridges (p = 0.026). Similar changes in variability and complexity were observed in the 2-h morning and evening sequences, mainly in the estimates of the similarity graph algorithm. A comparison of morning and evening sequences within states revealed no significant change in estimates for mania. Contrarily, the euthymic state showed significant evening differences in variance and complexity, displayed by fewer edges (p = 0.010) and an increased number of connected components (p = 0.009).ConclusionThe motor activity of mania is characterized by altered complexity, variability, and circadian rhythms when compared within-subject to euthymia.