bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential changes in ocean circulation and biological export productivity during the last glacial–interglacial cycle: a model–data study
Authors: O'Neill Cameron M. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Ellwood Michael J. , Opdyke Bradley N. , Eggins Stephen M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We conduct a model–data analysis of the marine carbon cycle to understand and quantify the drivers of atmospheric CO2 concentration during the last glacial–interglacial cycle. We use a carbon cycle box model, “SCP-M”, combined with multiple proxy data for the atmosphere and ocean, to test for variations in ocean circulation and Southern Ocean biological export productivity across marine isotope stages spanning 130 000 years ago to the present. The model is constrained by proxy data associated with a range of environmental conditions including sea surface temperature, salinity, ocean volume, sea-ice cover and shallow-water carbonate production. Model parameters for global ocean circulation, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and Southern Ocean biological export productivity are optimized in each marine isotope stage against proxy data for atmospheric CO2, δ13C and Δ14C and deep-ocean δ13C, Δ14C and CO32-. Our model–data results suggest that global overturning circulation weakened during Marine Isotope Stage 5d, coincident with a ∼ 25 ppm fall in atmospheric CO2 from the last interglacial period. There was a transient slowdown in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Marine Isotope Stage 5b, followed by a more pronounced slowdown and enhanced Southern Ocean biological export productivity during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (∼ −30 ppm). In this model, the Last Glacial Maximum was characterized by relatively weak global ocean and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and increased Southern Ocean biological export productivity (∼ −20 ppm during MIS 3 and MIS 2). Ocean circulation and Southern Ocean biological export productivity returned to modern values by the Holocene period. The terrestrial biosphere decreased by 385 Pg C in the lead-up to the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by a period of intense regrowth during the last glacial termination and the Holocene (∼ 600 Pg C). Slowing ocean circulation, a colder ocean and to a lesser extent shallow carbonate dissolution contributed ∼ −70 ppm to atmospheric CO2 in the ∼ 100 000-year lead-up to the Last Glacial Maximum, with a further ∼ −15 ppm contributed during the glacial maximum. Our model results also suggest that an increase in Southern Ocean biological export productivity was one of the ingredients required to achieve the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 level. We find that the incorporation of glacial–interglacial proxy data into a simple quantitative ocean transport model provides useful insights into the timing of past changes in ocean processes, enhancing our understanding of the carbon cycle during the last glacial–interglacial period.
A 30 m scale modeling of extreme gusts during Hurricane Irma (2017) landfall on very small mountainous islands in the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Cécé Raphaël , Bernard Didier , Krien Yann , Leone Frédéric , Candela Thomas , Péroche Matthieu , Biabiany Emmanuel , Arnaud Gael , Belmadani Ali , Palany Philippe , Zahibo Narcisse 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In view of the high vulnerability of the small islands of the Lesser Antilles to cyclonic hazards, realistic very fine scale numerical simulation of hurricane-induced winds is essential to prevent and manage risks. The present innovative modeling aims at combining the most realistically simulated strongest gusts driven by tornado-scale vortices within the eyewall and the most realistic complex terrain effects. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the nonlinear backscatter and anisotropy (NBA) large eddy simulation (LES) configuration was used to reconstruct the devastating landfall of category 5 Hurricane Irma (2017) on Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin. The results pointed out that the 30 m scale seems necessary to simulate structures of multiple subtornadic-scale vortices leading to extreme peak gusts of 132 m s−1 over the sea. Based on the literature, such extreme gust values have already been observed and are expected for category 5 hurricanes like Irma. Risk areas associated with terrain gust speed-up factors greater than 1 have been identified for the two islands. The comparison between the simulated gusts and the remote sensing building damage highlighted the major role of structure strength linked with the
socio-economic development of the territory. The present modeling method could be easily extended to other small mountainous islands to improve the
understanding of observed past damage and to develop safer urban management
and appropriate building standards.
La formación de alumnado con discapacidad visual en el marco de los conservatorios de música en España
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Luis , Muñoz Sánchez Práxedes 
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo informa sobre la investigación realizada entre 2013 y 2017 acerca de la enseñanza de alumnado con discapacidad visual en los Conservatorios de Música, recogiendo los recursos y buenas prácticas más destacadas que se revelaron sobre el fomento de la inclusión para estos centros, siendo también muchas de ellas extrapolables a las escuelas de música y/o las agrupaciones musicales que integran ciegos. Se parte de las dificultades de la temática en la reducida bibliografía y que el profesorado de música no cuenta con la suficiente información, experiencia y formación previa para instruir a estudiantes invidentes (Chaves, Godall y Zattera, 2015; Chávez, 2010; Dias, 2010). La metodología de la investigación fue la etnografía a partir de un diálogo de saberes entre alumnado con discapacidad visual, sus familias y docentes junto a especialistas de este campo. Para la evaluación de los resultados se conectó con la metodología del “juicio de expertos”, que evaluaron las estrategias y los recursos. Finalmente esta investigación visibiliza las prácticas que son útiles para el desarrollo de una educación inclusiva musical para alumnado con discapacidad visual.
Evaluation of the Effect of Cannabidiol on Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis-Associated Pain: A Pilot Study in Dogs
Authors: Mejia Sebastian , Duerr Felix Michael , Griffenhagen Gregg , McGrath Stephanie 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to provide preliminary data describing the safety and effect of cannabidiol (CBD) for symptom relief of canine osteoarthritis-associated pain in a clinical setting using objective outcome measures. Twenty-three client-owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis of appendicular joints completed this prospective, double-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Baseline data were acquired for 4 wk, followed by random allocation to either placebo or CBD treatment for 6 wk, followed by 6 wk with the opposite treatment. Outcome measures included objective gait analysis, activity counts (via accelerometry) and clinical metrology instruments. There were no differences noted between groups at any time point for any of the recorded outcome measures. Adverse events associated with CBD administration included elevation in liver enzymes (n = 14) and vomiting (n = 2).
Teacher education and critical thinking: Systematizing theoretical perspectives and formative experiences in Latin America
Authors: Fandiño Parra Yamith José , Muñoz Barriga Andrea , López Díaz Rodolfo Alberto , Galindo Cuesta Jairo Alberto 
Published: January 2021

Dentro del marco teórico de la formación del profesorado y el pensamiento crítico, este trabajo de sistematización de experiencias formativas buscó rastrear tendencias e identificar perspectivas en Latinoamérica a través de la recolección de datos mediante dos etapas: revisión documental y análisis de una encuesta cualitativa en línea. Los resultados sugirieron que el enfoque cognitivo predominó en la conceptualización del pensamiento crítico, asumiéndolo como un proceso de adquisición y desarrollo de habilidades mentales a trabajar mediante una formación con enfoque crítico en la lectura y la escritura. No obstante, se observó una ausencia de propuestas que abordaran asuntos actitudinales, motivacionales y emocionales.
Within the theoretical framework of teacher education and critical thinking, this work of systematization of educational experiences sought to track trends and describe perspectives in Latin America through documentary reviews and qualitative surveys. The data were analyzed through techniques such as reduction, representation and interpretation (Rodríguez, Gil & García, 1999). The results suggest that the cognitive approach predominates in the conceptualization of critical thinking, assuming it as a process of acquisition and development of mental abilities, which can be developed through critical training in reading and writing. However, there is an absence of proposals that address attitudinal, motivational and emotional issues.
Electrophysiological Phenotype Characterization of Human iPSC‐Derived Neuronal Cell Lines by Means of High‐Density Microelectrode Arrays
Authors: Ronchi Silvia , Buccino Alessio Paolo , Prack Gustavo , Kumar Sreedhar Saseendran , Schröter Manuel , Fiscella Michele , Hierlemann Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent advances in the field of cellular reprogramming have opened a route to studying the fundamental mechanisms underlying common neurological disorders. High‐density microelectrode‐arrays (HD‐MEAs) provide unprecedented means to study neuronal physiology at different scales, ranging from network through single‐neuron to subcellular features. In this work, HD‐MEAs are used in vitro to characterize and compare human induced‐pluripotent‐stem‐cell‐derived dopaminergic and motor neurons, including isogenic neuronal lines modeling Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Reproducible electrophysiological network, single‐cell and subcellular metrics are used for phenotype characterization and drug testing. Metrics, such as burst shape and axonal velocity, enable the distinction of healthy and diseased neurons. The HD‐MEA metrics can also be used to detect the effects of dosing the drug retigabine to human motor neurons. Finally, it is shown that the ability to detect drug effects and the observed culture‐to‐culture variability critically depend on the number of available recording electrodes.
Development of Host‐Orthogonal Genetic Systems for Synthetic Biology
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ding Wentao , Wang Zhihui , Zhao Huimin , Shi Shuobo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe construction of a host‐orthogonal genetic system can not only minimize the impact of host‐specific nuances on fine‐tuning of gene expression, but also expand cellular functions such as in vivo continuous evolution of genes based on an error‐prone DNA polymerase. It represents an emerging powerful approach for making biology easier to engineer. In this review, the recent advances are described on the design of genetic systems that can be stably inherited in the host cells and are responsible for important biological processes including DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, and gene regulation. Their applications in synthetic biology are summarized and the future challenges and opportunities are discussed in developing such systems.
Anomalous Low Thermal Conductivity of Atomically Thin InSe Probed by Scanning Thermal Microscopy
Authors: Buckley David , Kudrynskyi Zakhar R. , Balakrishnan Nilanthy , Vincent Tom , Mazumder Debarati , Castanon Eli , Kovalyuk Zakhar D. , Kolosov Oleg , Kazakova Olga , Tzalenchuk Alexander , Patanè Amalia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ability of a material to conduct heat influences many physical phenomena, ranging from thermal management in nanoscale devices to thermoelectrics. Van der Waals 2D materials offer a versatile platform to tailor heat transfer due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratio and mechanical flexibility. Here, the nanoscale thermal properties of 2D indium selenide (InSe) are studied by scanning thermal microscopy. The high electrical conductivity, broad‐band optical absorption, and mechanical flexibility of 2D InSe are accompanied by an anomalous low thermal conductivity (κ). This can be smaller than that of low‐κ dielectrics, such as silicon oxide, and it decreases with reducing the lateral size and/or thickness of InSe. The thermal response is probed in free‐standing InSe layers as well as layers supported by a substrate, revealing the role of interfacial thermal resistance, phonon scattering, and strain. These thermal properties are critical for future emerging technologies, such as field‐effect transistors that require efficient heat dissipation or thermoelectric energy conversion with low‐κ, high electron mobility 2D materials, such as InSe.
Sterilization of Semiconductive Nanomaterials: The Case of Water‐Suspended Poly‐3‐Hexylthiophene Nanoparticles
Authors: Monti Filippo , Manfredi Giovanni , Palamà Ilaria Elena , Kovtun Alessandro , Zangoli Mattia , D'Amone Stefania , Ortolani Luca , Bondelli Gaia , Szreder Tomasz , Bobrowski Krzysztof , D'Angelantonio Mila , Lanzani Guglielmo , Di Maria Francesca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, the feasibility of sterilizing a water suspension of poly‐3‐hexylthiophene nanoparticles (P3HT‐NPs) is investigated using ionizing radiation, either γ‐rays or high‐energy electrons (e‐beam). It is found that regardless of the irradiation source, the size, polydispersity, aggregation stability, and morphology of the NPs are not affected by the treatment. Furthermore, the impact of ionizing radiation on the physicochemical properties of NPs at different absorbed radiation doses (10–25 kGy) and dose rates (kGy time−1) is evaluated through different spectroscopic techniques. The results indicate that delivering a high dose of radiations (25 kGy) at a high dose rate, that is, kGy s−1, as achieved by e‐beam irradiation, preserves the characteristics of the polymeric NPs. Differently, the same radiation dose but delivered at a lower dose rate, that is, kGy h−1, as attained by using a γ‐source, can modify the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Sterility tests indicate that an absorbed dose of 10 kGy, delivered either with γ‐rays or e‐beam, is already sufficient for effective sterilization of the colloidal suspension and for reducing the endotoxin content. Finally, NPs irradiated at different doses, exhibit the same cytocompatibility and cell internalization characteristics in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells of NPs prepared under aseptic conditions.
3D Printed Flexible Strain Sensors: From Printing to Devices and Signals
Authors: Liu Haodong , Zhang Hongjian , Han Wenqi , Lin Huijuan , Li Ruizi , Zhu Jixin , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe revolutionary and pioneering advancements of flexible electronics provide the boundless potential to become one of the leading trends in the exploitation of wearable devices and electronic skin. Working as substantial intermediates for the collection of external mechanical signals, flexible strain sensors that get intensive attention are regarded as indispensable components in flexible integrated electronic systems. Compared with conventional preparation methods including complicated lithography and transfer printing, 3D printing technology is utilized to manufacture various flexible strain sensors owing to the low processing cost, superior fabrication accuracy, and satisfactory production efficiency. Herein, up‐to‐date flexible strain sensors fabricated via 3D printing are highlighted, focusing on different printing methods based on photocuring and materials extrusion, including Digital Light Processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and direct ink writing (DIW). Sensing mechanisms of 3D printed strain sensors are also discussed. Furthermore, the existing bottlenecks and future prospects are provided for further progressing research.
Liquid Crystal Elastomer‐Based Magnetic Composite Films for Reconfigurable Shape‐Morphing Soft Miniature Machines
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Guo Yubing , Hu Wenqi , Soon Ren Hao , Davidson Zoey S. , Sitti Metin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStimuli‐responsive and active materials promise radical advances for many applications. In particular, soft magnetic materials offer precise, fast, and wireless actuation together with versatile functionality, while liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are capable of large reversible and programmable shape‐morphing with high work densities in response to various environmental stimuli, e.g., temperature, light, and chemical solutions. Integrating the orthogonal stimuli‐responsiveness of these two kinds of active materials could potentially enable new functionalities and future applications. Here, magnetic microparticles (MMPs) are embedded into an LCE film to take the respective advantages of both materials without compromising their independent stimuli‐responsiveness. This composite material enables reconfigurable magnetic soft miniature machines that can self‐adapt to a changing environment. In particular, a miniature soft robot that can autonomously alter its locomotion mode when it moves from air to hot liquid, a vine‐like filament that can sense and twine around a support, and a light‐switchable magnetic spring are demonstrated. The integration of LCEs and MMPs into monolithic structures introduces a new dimension in the design of soft machines and thus greatly enhances their use in applications in complex environments, especially for miniature soft robots, which are self‐adaptable to environmental changes while being remotely controllable.
Shape‐Memory Metallopolymers Based on Two Orthogonal Metal–Ligand Interactions
Authors: Meurer Josefine , Hniopek Julian , Bätz Thomas , Zechel Stefan , Enke Marcel , Vitz Jürgen , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new shape‐memory polymer is presented, in which both the stable phase as well as the switching unit consist of two different metal complexes. Suitable metal ions, which simultaneously form labile complexes with histidine and stable ones with terpyridine ligands, are identified via isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements. Different copolymers are synthesized, which contain butyl methacrylate as the main monomer and the metal‐binding ligands in the side chains. Zn(TFMS)2 and NiCl2 are utilized for the dual crosslinking, resulting in the formation of metallopolymer networks. The switching temperature can simply be tuned by changing the composition as well as by the choice of the metal ion. Strain fixity rates (about 99%) and very high strain recovery rates (up to 95%) are achieved and the mechanism is revealed using different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy.
Direct Synthesis and Enhanced Rectification of Alloy‐to‐Alloy 2D Type‐II MoS2(1‐x)Se2x/SnS2(1‐y)Se2y Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Pan Longfei , Yang Juehan , Li Bo , Liu Yue‐Yang , Wei Zhongming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interfacial tunable band alignment of heterostructures is coveted in device design and optimization of device performance. As an intentional approach, alloying allows band engineering and continuous band‐edge tunability for low‐dimensional semiconductors. Thus, combining the tunability of alloying with the band structure of a heterostructure is highly desirable for the improvement of device characteristics. In this work, the single‐step growth of alloy‐to‐alloy (MoS2(1‐x)Se2x/SnS2(1‐y)Se2y) 2D vertical heterostructures is demonstrated. Electron diffraction reveals the well‐aligned heteroepitaxial relationship for the heterostructure, and a near‐atomically sharp and defect‐free boundary along the interface is observed. The nearly intrinsic van der Waals (vdW) interface enables measurement of the intrinsic behaviors of the heterostructures. The optimized type‐II band alignment for the MoS2(1‐x)Se2x/SnS2(1‐y)Se2y heterostructure, along with the large band offset and effective charge transfer, is confirmed through quenched PL spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. Devices based on completely stacked heterostructures show one or two orders enhanced electron mobility and rectification ratio than those of the constituent materials. The realization of device‐quality alloy‐to‐alloy heterostructures provides a new material platform for precisely tuning band alignment and optimizing device applications.
Versatile Wood Cellulose for Biodegradable Electronics
Authors: Fang Zhiqiang , Zhang Huilong , Qiu Shuoyang , Kuang Yudi , Zhou Jie , Lan Yu , Sun Chuan , Li Guanhui , Gong Shaoqin , Ma Zhenqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVersatile wood cellulose, the most prototypical abundant polymer on earth, is considered a promising natural material for the fabrication of biodegradable electronics. The development of biodegradable electronics may help alleviate the adverse environmental impact caused by the fast‐growing electronic waste (e‐waste). The focus of this review is to discuss recent major advances in biodegradable electronics with versatile wood cellulose in terms of supporting substrates and functional components. First, the biological biodegradation and structural hierarchy of versatile wood cellulose is briefly introduced, followed by highlighting three types of cellulose substrates (opaque and hazy cellulose paper, transparent and clear cellulose film, and transparent and hazy cellulose film) for biodegradable electronics. Then, recent progress and research achievements in the use of versatile wood cellulose with multiscale dimensions in biodegradable electronics as a functional component (e.g., advanced light management layer, high capacitance dielectric, and ionic conductor) or even smart materials (e.g., mechanochromic layer, humidity sensing layer, adaptable adhesive layer, and piezoelectric component) are summarized in detail. Finally, an overview of challenges and perspectives for biodegradable electronics with versatile cellulose is provided.
Advances in Transparent Planar Optics: Enabling Large Aperture, Ultrathin Lenses
Authors: Tabiryan Nelson V. , Roberts David E. , Liao Zhi , Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Moran Mark , Ouskova Olena , Pshenichnyi Andrii , Sigley Justin , Tabirian Anna , Vergara Rafael , De Sio Luciano , Kimball Brian R. , Steeves Diane M. , Slagle Jonathan , McConney Michael E. , Bunning Timothy J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnlike electronics, optics do not follow Moore's law. This statement, expressed by Microsoft's Bernard Kress, refers to the hard challenges to solve in augmented reality hardware. While light sources have undergone numerous revolutions from candles to light emitting diodes, the evolution in transparent optics has been much slower. For transparent materials, variation of the shape, bulk refractive index, and/or its distribution leads to control of the transmitted beam in an optical system. An alternative, the control of the optical axis orientation in an anisotropic material in transparent micrometer‐thin films on a variety of substrates, is explored here. In contrast to metamaterials, these diffractive waveplates have a continuous structure allowing multilayer/multifunctional planar optical systems with close to 100% efficiency across broad bands of wavelengths (ultraviolet to infrared) with customizable spectra. The low‐cost and fast fabrication technology of this fourth generation of optics is scalable to very large aperture sizes. In addition to wearable adaptive optics, the technology enables thin and compact non‐mechanical fast beam steering systems for light detection and ultralight space telescopes. This review will first serve as an introduction to these unique transparent, planar optical films, and then recent advances enabled by specific optical designs will be presented.