bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to unloop a self-adherent sheet
Authors: Wilting Twan J. S. , Essink Martin H. , Gelderblom Hanneke , Snoeijer Jacco H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The mechanics of adherent sheets is central to applications ranging from patching a band aid, coating technology, to the breakthrough discovery of peeling graphene flakes using sticky tape. These processes are often hindered by the formation of blisters and loops, which are notoriously difficult to remove. Here we describe and explain a remarkable phenomenon that arises when one attempts to remove a loop in a self-adherent sheet that is formed by, e.g., folding two adhesive sides of a tape together. One would expect the loop to simply unloop when pulling on its free ends. Surprisingly, however, the loop does not immediately open up but shrinks in size, held together by a tenuous contact region that propagates along the tape. This adhesive contact region only ruptures once the loop is reduced to a critical size. We experimentally show that the loop-shrinkage results from an interaction between the peeling front and the loop, across the contact zone. This new type of interaction falls outside the realm of the classical elastica theory and is responsible for a highly nonlinear increase in the peeling force. Our results reveal and quantify the increased force required to remove loops in self-adherent media, which is of importance for blister removal and exfoliation of graphene sheets.
Essential role of DNA-PKcs and plasminogen for the development of doxorubicin-induced glomerular injury in mice
Authors: Bohnert Bernhard N. , Gonzalez-Menendez Irene , Dörffel Thomas , Schneider Jonas C. , Xiao Mengyun , Janessa Andrea , Kalo M. Zaher , Fehrenbacher Birgit , Schaller Martin , Casadei Nicolas , Amann Kerstin , Daniel Christoph , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Grahammer Florian , Izem Lahoucine , Plow Edward F. , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Artunc Ferruh 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced nephropathy (DIN), a toxic model for the induction of proteinuria in mice, is related to the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C6418T of the Prkdc gene encoding for the DNA-repair enzyme DNA-PKcs. In addition, plasminogen (Plg) has been reported to play a role in glomerular damage. Here, we investigated the interdependence of both factors for the development of DIN. Genotyping confirmed the SNP of the Prkdc gene in C57BL/6 (PrkdcC6418/C6418) and 129S1/SvImJ (PrkdcT6418/T6418) mice. Intercross of heterozygous 129SB6F1 mice led to 129SB6F2 hybrids with Mendelian inheritance of the SNP. After doxorubicin injection, only homozygous F2 mice with PrkdcT6418/T6418 developed proteinuria. Genetic deficiency of Plg (Plg−/−) in otherwise susceptible 129S1/SvImJ mice led to resistance to DIN. Immunohistochemistry revealed glomerular binding of Plg in Plg+/+ mice after doxorubicin injection involving histone H2B as Plg receptor. In doxorubicin-resistant C57BL/6 mice, Plg binding was absent. In conclusion, susceptibility to DIN in 129S1/SvImJ mice is determined by a hierarchical two-hit process requiring the C6418T SNP in the Prkdc gene and subsequent glomerular binding of Plg.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Environmental Uncertainty as a Moderator of Entrepreneurship Orientation and Innovation Capability during the Pandemic: A Case of Written Batik SMEs in Yogyakarta
Authors: Utomo Humam Santosa , Susanta Susanta 
Published: August 2021

Background:Written batik is one of Indonesia's cultural heritages that must be preserved. During the Covid-19 pandemic, written batik producers in Indonesia experienced increasing challenges due to the uncertainty of the business environment. Innovation is a solution to the problems faced by SMEs during a pandemic to survive. This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurship orientation on innovation capability. This study also examines the role of moderating environmental uncertainty in strengthening the effect of entrepreneurship orientation on innovation capability.Methods:The research was conducted at the centre of small and medium-sized batik companies Giriloyo, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Respondents of this study were 130 small and medium companies selected by random sampling. The questionnaire is used as a primary data collection tool. WarpPLS has been used to analyze the effect between variables in this study.Results:Entrepreneurial orientation is an important aspect in improving the innovation capabilities of SMEs. Environmental uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic has strengthened the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on innovation capabilities.Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on innovation capabilities. Environmental uncertainty significantly strengthens the effect of entrepreneurship orientation on innovation capability.
Hypoxic preconditioning promotes survival of human adipocyte mesenchymal stem cell via expression of prosurvival and proangiogenic biomarkers
Authors: Suryawan I Gde Rurus , Pikir Budi Susetyo , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Ratri Anudya Kartika , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian 
Published: August 2021

Background: Contributing factors for improved survival of human adipocytes mesenchymal stem cells (h-AMSCs) cultured through hypoxia preconditioning, in example apoptosis inhibition involving BCL2 and HSP27 expression, trigger signal expression (VEGF), SCF expression, OCT-4 expression, and CD44+ expression. The objective if this study was to explain the mechanism and role of hypoxic preconditioning and the optimal duration of hypoxic preconditioning exposure to improve survival of h-AMSCs. Methods: An experimental laboratory explorative study (in vitro) with hypoxic preconditioning in h-AMSCs cultures. This research was conducted through four stages. First, isolation of h-AMSCs culture from adipose tissue of patients. Second, the characterization of h-AMSCs from adipose tissue by phenotype (flowcytometry) through CD44+, CD90+ and CD45-expression before being pre-conditioned for hypoxic treatment. Third, the hypoxic preconditioning in h-AMSCs culture (in vitro) was performed with an oxygen concentration of 1% for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Fourth, observation of survival from h-AMSCs culture was tested on the role of CD44+, VEGF, SCF, OCT-4, BCL2, HSP27 with Flowcytometry and apoptotic inhibition by Tunnel Assay method. Results: The result of regression test showed that time difference had an effect on VEGF expression (p<0.001;β=-0.482) and hypoxia condition also influenced VEGF expression (p<0.001;β=0.774). The result of path analysis showed that SCF had effect on OCT-4 expression (p<0.001; β=0.985). The regression test results showed that time effects on HSP27 expression (p<0.001; β=0.398) and hypoxia precondition also affects HSP27 expression (p<0.001; β=0.847). Pathway analysis showed that BCL2 expression inhibited apoptosis (p=0.030; β=-0.442) and HSP27 expression also inhibited apoptosis (p<0,001;β=-0.487). Conclusion: Hypoxic preconditioning of h-AMSC culture has proven to increase the expression of VEGF, SCF, OCT-4, and BCL2 and HSP27. This study demonstrated and explained the existence of a new mechanism of increased h-AMSC survival in cultures with hypoxic preconditioning (O2 1%) via VEGF, SCF, OCT-4, BCL2, and HSP 27.
Continuing Cardiopulmonary Symptoms, Disability, and Financial Toxicity 1 Month After Hospitalization for Third‐Wave COVID‐19: Early Results From a US Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Iwashyna Theodore J , Kamphuis Lee A , Gundel Stephanie J , Hope Aluko A , Jolley Sarah , Admon Andrew J , Caldwell Ellen , Monahan Max L , Hauschildt Katrina , Thompson B Taylor , Hough Catherine L ,   NHLBI Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) Network
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUNDPatients discharged after COVID‐19 report ongoing needs.OBJECTIVESTo measure incident symptoms after COVID‐19 hospitalization.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSPreplanned early look at 1‐month follow‐up surveys from patients hospitalized August 2020 to January 2021 in NHLBI PETAL Network's Biology and Longitudinal Epidemiology: COVID‐19 Observational (BLUE CORAL) study. English‐ or Spanish‐speaking hospitalized adults without substantial pre‐COVID‐19 disability with a positive molecular test for SARS‐CoV‐2.RESULTSOverall, 253 patients were hospitalized for a median of 5 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3‐8), and had a median age of 60 years (IQR, 45‐68). By race/ethnicity, 136 (53.8%) were non‐Hispanic White, 23 (9.1%) were non‐Hispanic Black, and 83 (32.8%) were Hispanic. Most (139 [54.9%]) reported a new or worsened cardiopulmonary symptom, and 16% (n = 39) reported new or increased oxygen use; 213 (84.2%) patients reported not feeling fully back to their pre‐COVID‐19 level of functioning. New limitations in activities of daily living were present in 130 (52.8%) patients. Financial toxicities, including job loss or change (49 [19.8%]), having a loved one take time off (93 [37.8%]), and using up one's savings (58 [23.2%]), were common. Longer lengths of hospital stay were associated with greater odds of 1‐month cardiopulmonary symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.82 per additional week in the hospital; 95% CI, 1.11‐2.98) and new disability (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.21‐3.53). There were not uniform demographic patterns of association.LIMITATIONSWe prioritized patients’ reports of their own incident problems over objective testing.CONCLUSIONPatients who survived COVID‐19 in the United States during late 2020/early 2021 still faced new burdens 1 month after hospital discharge.
GÊNERO E OS FEMINISMO (s) AFRICANO (s)
Authors: Silva Dayane Augusta Santos da 
Published: August 2021

No continente africano, é recente a publicação da carta de princípios feministas para as feministas africanas. O documento é resultado do Fórum Feminista Africano, ocorrido em Gana, em novembro de 2006, onde mais de 100 ativistas de todas as regiões de África e diáspora reuniram-se. Neste espaço autônomo de reflexão coletiva e crítica, reconheceu-se as multiplicidades identitárias destas mulheres enquanto feministas africanas. Na carta, destacaram a importância do reconhecimento das memórias de suas ancestrais cujos nomes raramente são registrados nos livros de História e insistiram na ideia de que um feminismo importado do Ocidente para a África é um profundo insulto[1]. Afirmaram as ativistas: “somos mulheres africanas – vivemos aqui em África e mesmo quando vivemos em outro lugar, o nosso foco é sobre a vida das mulheres africanas no continente. A nossa identidade feminista não se qualifica com “se”, “mas” ou “porém”. Somos feministas”. Ponto”[2]. As feministas africanas concentram-se na experiência das mulheres africanas e ressaltam as diferentes formas de opressão as quais estas mulheres estão sujeitas, sob outra ótica. Este artigo parte da análise de material bibliográfico produzido por feministas, acadêmicas africanas, que independentemente de seu país de origem, no continente ou na diáspora, têm buscado refletir partindo do ponto de vista africano, embora reconhecendo a imensa heterogeneidade que opera dentro dos limites deste termo. O esforço aqui não é de categorizar ou classificar as obras das feministas africanas, mas analisar algumas implicações teóricas que o uso do termo trás.[1] Carta de princípios feministas para as feministas africanas. Disponível em https://www.geledes.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AFF-Feminist-Charter-Digital-%E2%80%93-Portuguese.pdf Acesso em 08/112018, p. 12.[2] Ibidem, p. 6.
Cover Cropping and Interseeding Management Practices to Improve Runoff Quality from Dairy Farms in Central Pennsylvania
Authors: Barnes Ryan G. , Rotz C. Alan , Preisendanz Heather E. , Watson Jack E. , Elliott Herschel A. , Veith Tamie L. , Williams Clinton , Brasier Kathryn J. 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsThree crop scenarios for eight dairy farm types were simulated using the Integrated Farm System Model.Cover cropping and interseeding each significantly reduced runoff losses, compared to the baseline, for most farm types.Interseeding averaged greater reductions in N, P, and sediment losses than cover cropping.Increases in average annual production costs were &lt;2% of the baseline for most farm types.Abstract. Intensive agricultural activities are known to increase nutrient and sediment losses, leading to degraded water quality in receiving water bodies. In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, animal operations must reduce farm-level nutrient and sediment losses to meet federally mandated load reduction goals. This work investigated the potential water quality benefits and economic impacts of adopting post-harvest cover cropping or interseeded cover cropping on eight dairy farms representative of common operations in central Pennsylvania. The farms, simulated with the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), represented confined, organic, grazing, and Amish farming practices for dairy herds ranging in size from 35 to 150 lactating Holstein cows. Simulations were run for 25 years using observed weather data for Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, and for the dominant agricultural soil series in the county: Hagerstown silt loam. Model output included water balance results, nutrient and sediment loads, and farm-scale economics at an annual scale. Overall, simulation results showed that post-harvest cover cropping reduced N, P, and sediment by 18%, 17%, and 42%, respectively, while interseeding reduced loads by 49%, 41%, and 46%, respectively. Economic impacts of cover cropping and interseeding varied among farm types, but nearly all scenarios resulted in a net loss in profit compared to the baseline. However, annual economic losses were relatively minor: less than $28 ha-1 for cover cropping and $63 ha-1 for interseeding. Results suggest that the benefits of interseeding cover crops are greater for farms with larger portions of land in row crops with less perennial grassland. Interseeding necessitates purchasing additional equipment or custom hiring the seeding operation. These results have implications for cost-share incentive structures aimed at promoting adoption of cover crops and interseeding, especially for confined farms, which may otherwise experience financial losses if these practices are adopted. Keywords: Best management practice, Conservation, Economic evaluation, Erosion, IFSM, Integrated Farm System Model, Nutrient transport, Water quality.
Field-Scale Spatial and Temporal Soil Water Variability in Irrigated Croplands
Authors: Kumar Hemendra , Srivastava Puneet , Ortiz Brenda V. , Morata Guilherme , Takhellambam Bijoychandra S. , Lamba Jasmeet , Bondesan Luca 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsThe greatest heterogeneity in soil water was observed at 30-60 cm depth in a corn field and 0-15 cm in a cotton field.Spatiotemporal soil water variability did not increase with increasing soil water in all soil layers in both croplands during the growing season.Water excess and water stress locations were identified in both fields. A single, temporally stable location was identified in each field, which can be used for precise uniform irrigation.Knowledge of variability and stability in soil water can be useful in determining the number and location of sensors to install in crop fields to assist irrigation scheduling decisions.Abstract. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variability and temporal stability of soil water at various depths in two croplands sown in corn and cotton during the 2018 growing season in the Tennessee Valley Region (TVR) of northern Alabama. Classical statistics and relative difference approaches were used to analyze soil water data in this study. In the corn field, the 30-60 cm depth showed the greatest variability, while the cotton field showed the greatest variability at 0-15 cm depth. A decreasing trend was noticed between mean soil water and coefficient of variation for all depths in the cotton field and at 30-60 cm depth in the corn field. However, convex upward, exponential decreasing, or no trends were found between mean soil water and standard deviation at different depths in both fields. The temporal stability analysis showed one representative sensor (S8 in corn and S1 in cotton) for the entire soil profile in both fields. Different statistical tests, i.e., Spearman’s correlation (rs), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), etc., were used to reduce uncertainty or increase confidence in the performance of representative sensors. Among various field attributes, topography in corn and soil properties in cotton were determined as significant factors responsible for soil water variability. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) showed significant negative weak and moderate correlations with soil water in the corn and cotton fields, respectively. However, the mean air temperature showed a significant positive correlation with soil water in the corn field and a significant negative correlation in the cotton field. Solar radiation had a significant negative correlation with soil water in the cotton field and a non-significant correlation in the corn field. Accumulated growing degree days (accGDD) showed a significant negative correlation with soil water in the corn field and a positive correlation in the cotton field. This study gives insights into soil water variability, provides useful information about temporal stability, and identifies significant factors for precision uniform irrigation scheduling. Keywords: Corn, Cotton, Croplands, Growing season, Irrigation, Soil water, Spatial and temporal variability, Temporal stability.
Cognitive decline in Huntington’s disease in the Digitalized Arithmetic Task (DAT)
Authors: Lunven Marine , Hamet Bagnou Jennifer , Youssov Katia , Gabadinho Alexis , Fliss Rafika , Montillot Justine , Audureau Etienne , Bapst Blanche , Morgado Graça , Reilmann Ralf , Schubert Robin , Busse Monica , Craufurd David , Massart Renaud , Rosser Anne , Bachoud-Lévi Anne-Catherine 
Published: August 2021

Background
Efficient cognitive tasks sensitive to longitudinal deterioration in small cohorts of Huntington’s disease (HD) patients are lacking in HD research. We thus developed and assessed the digitized arithmetic task (DAT), which combines inner language and executive functions in approximately 4 minutes.

Methods
We assessed the psychometric properties of DAT in three languages, across four European sites, in 77 early-stage HD patients (age: 52 ± 11 years; 27 females), and 57 controls (age: 50 ± 10, 31 females). Forty-eight HD patients and 34 controls were followed up to one year with 96 participants who underwent MRI brain imaging (HD patients = 46) at baseline and 50 participants (HD patients = 22) at one year. Linear mixed models and Pearson correlations were used to assess associations with clinical assessment.

Results
At baseline, HD patients were less accurate (p = 0.0002) with increased response time (p<0.0001) when compared to DAT in controls. Test-retest reliability in HD patients ranged from good to excellent for response time (range: 0.63–0.79) and from questionable to acceptable for accuracy (range: r = 0.52–0.69). Only DAT, the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Total Functional Capacity scores were able to detect a decline within a one-year follow-up in HD patients (all p< 0.05). In contrast with all the other cognitive tasks, DAT correlated with striatal atrophy over time (p = 0.037) but not with motor impairment.

Conclusions
DAT is fast, reliable, motor-free, applicable in several languages, and able to unmask cognitive decline correlated with striatal atrophy in small cohorts of HD patients. This likely makes it a useful endpoint in future trials for HD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
A 16-week randomized controlled trial of a fish oil and whey protein-derived supplement to improve physical performance in older adults losing autonomy—A pilot study
Authors: Tessier Anne-Julie , Lévy-Ndejuru Julia , Moyen Audrey , Lawson Marissa , Lamarche Marie , Morais Joseé A. , Bhullar Amritpal , Andriamampionona Francis , Mazurak Vera C. , Chevalier Stéphanie 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLow functional capacity may lead to the loss of independence and institutionalization of older adults. A nutritional intervention within a rehabilitation program may attenuate loss of muscle function in this understudied population.ObjectiveThis pilot study assessed the feasibility for a larger RCT of a nutritional supplementation in older adults referred to an outpatient assessment and rehabilitation program.MethodsParticipants were randomized to receive a supplement (EXP: 2g fish oil with 1500 IU vitamin D3 1x/d + 20-30g whey protein powder with 3g leucine 2x/d) or isocaloric placebo (CTR: corn oil + maltodextrin powder) for 16 weeks. Handgrip and knee extension strength (using dynamometry), physical performance tests and plasma phospholipidn-3 fatty acids (using GCMS) were evaluated at weeks 0, 8 and 16; and lean soft tissue mass (using DXA), at weeks 0 and 16.ResultsOver 2 years, 244 patients were screened, 46 were eligible (18.9%), 20 were randomized, 10 completed the study (6 CTR, 4 EXP). Median age was 87 y (77–94 y; 75% women) and gait speed was 0.69 m/s; 55% had low strength, and all performed under 420m on the 6-minute walk test, at baseline. Overall self-reported compliance to powder and oil was high (96% and 85%) but declined at 16 weeks for fish oil (55%). The EXP median protein intake surpassed the target 1.2–1.5 g/kg/d, without altering usual diet. Proportions of plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA increased significantly 3- and 1.5-fold respectively, at week 8 in EXP, with no change in CTR. Participants were able to complete most assessments with sustained guidance.ConclusionBecause of low eligibility, the pilot study was interrupted and deemed non-feasible; adherence to rigorous study assessments and to supplements was adequate except for long-term fish oil. The non-amended protocol may be applied to populations with greater functional capacity.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04454359.
Associations between cerebral magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume and acute ischemic stroke etiology
Authors: Daneshvari Nicholas Omid , Johansen Michelle Christina 
Published: August 2021

Background
Identifying ischemic stroke etiology is necessary for proper treatment and secondary prevention. We sought to define associations between infarct volume and stroke subtypes.

Materials and methods
Inclusion criteria necessitated a Johns Hopkins Hospital inpatient admission (2017–2019) for ischemic stroke with confirmatory brain magnetic resonance imaging. Infarct volume was calculated using MRIcron© by a masked reviewer. Ischemic strokes were adjudicated using TOAST classification. Multivariable/multinomial logistic regression determined associations between infarct volume and stroke subtypes with interaction terms for infarct number and location. Stepwise adjustment accounted for potential confounders.

Results
Patients (N = 150) were on average 61 years old, male (58%), and black (57%). Each 5mL increase in infarct volume was associated with cardioembolic (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01–1.14) and large-artery occlusions (OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.02–1.18), but lower odds of lacunar stroke (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.06–0.55). There was no difference in risk of cardioembolic (base) and large-artery atherosclerotic strokes with increasing infarct volume (RRR 1.01, 95%CI 0.94–1.09), but risk of lacunar stroke was decreased (RRR 0.17, 95%CI 0.06–0.53). Infarct number (single vs multiple) modified the association between volume and subtype for large-artery occlusions (p-interaction 0.09).

Conclusions
In this study, larger volume infarcts were significantly associated with both cardioembolic and large-artery atherosclerotic strokes (no difference in the degree of association) and decreased odds of lacunar stroke. A single, large-volume stroke was associated with large-artery atherosclerosis, while multiple infarcts were associated with cardioembolism. Given the differential associations between volume, number of lesions, and stroke etiology, defining stroke subtypes in light of infarct volume might aid in clinical practice.