bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Positivity-preserving Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Multi-moment Global Transport Model on the Cubed Sphere
Authors: Tang Jie , Chen Chungang , Shen Xueshun , Xiao Feng , Li Xingliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA positivity-preserving conservative semi-Lagrangian transport model by multi-moment finite volume method has been developed on the cubed-sphere grid. Two kinds of moments (i.e., point values (PV moment) at cell interfaces and volume integrated average (VIA moment) value) are defined within a single cell. The PV moment is updated by a conventional semi-Lagrangian method, while the VIA moment is cast by the flux form formulation to assure the exact numerical conservation. Different from the spatial approximation used in the CSL2 (conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme with second order polynomial function) scheme, a monotonic rational function which can effectively remove non-physical oscillations is reconstructed within a single cell by the PV moments and VIA moment. To achieve exactly positive-definite preserving, two kinds of corrections are made on the original conservative semi-Lagrangian with rational function (CSLR) scheme. The resulting scheme is inherently conservative, non-negative, and allows a Courant number larger than one. Moreover, the spatial reconstruction can be performed within a single cell, which is very efficient and economical for practical implementation. In addition, a dimension-splitting approach coupled with multi-moment finite volume scheme is adopted on cubed-sphere geometry, which benefitsthe implementation of the 1D CSLR solver with large Courant number. The proposed model is evaluated by several widely used benchmark tests on cubed-sphere geometry. Numerical results show that the proposed transport model can effectively remove nonphysical oscillations and preserve the numerical non-negativity, and it has the potential to transport the tracers accurately in a real atmospheric model.
Synoptic conditions controlling the seasonal onset and days of heatwaves over Korea
Authors: Choi Woosuk , Ho Chang-Hoi , Jung Jiyoung , Chang Minhee , Ha Kyung-Ja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs global warming gets worse, the extreme heat exposure time is expected to increase. Considering that the heatwave damages increased by the accumulation of heat stress, it is important to understand the heatwave onset and number of heatwave days (HWDs). Here, we show that the end of East Asian summer monsoon activity (i.e., Changma retreat date, CRD) could be an indicator in determining the onset of the heatwave, and the barotropic structure induced by the circumglobal and Pacific–Japan teleconnections is a key factor in lengthening the number of HWDs in Korea. The onset of the heatwave is delayed when CRD belated than the climatology late over Korea due to sufficient moisture transportation between the edge of western North Pacific subtropical high and cold polar air mass in July. The number of HWDs from July through August over Korea shows a positive linear relationship with the synoptic stagnation index because the upper-layer anticyclone associated with stagnation is formed around Korea by zonal wave activity. Barotropic anticyclone stabilizes the atmosphere and increases the number of clear sky days, which possibly leads to hot days. Fewer HWDs are observed when there is baroclinic instability due to strong upper-level jet stream and synoptic-scale weather systems move smoothly. By identifying the meteorological mechanism of heatwave occurrence and favorable conditions for sustained hot days over Korea, our results are eventually able to contribute to reducing damages caused by heatwaves.
Assessment of the Canary current upwelling system in a regionally coupled climate model
Authors: Vazquez Ruben , Parras-Berrocal Ivan , Cabos William , Sein Dmitry V. , Mañanes Rafael , Izquierdo Alfredo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Canary current upwelling is one of the major eastern boundary coastal upwelling systems in the world, bearing a high productive ecosystem and commercially important fisheries. The Canary current upwelling system (CCUS) has a large latitudinal extension, usually divided into upwelling zones with different characteristics. Eddies, filaments and other mesoscale processes are known to have an impact in the upwelling productivity, thus for a proper representation of the CCUS and high horizontal resolution are required. Here we assess the CCUS present climate in the atmosphere–ocean regionally coupled model. The regional coupled model presents a global oceanic component with increased horizontal resolution along the northwestern African coast, and its performance over the CCUS is assessed against relevant reanalysis data sets and compared with an ensemble of global climate models (GCMs) and an ensemble of atmosphere-only regional climate models (RCMs) in order to assess the role of the horizontal resolution. The coupled system reproduces the larger scale pattern of the CCUS and its latitudinal and seasonal variability over the coastal band, improving the GCMs outputs. Moreover, it shows a performance comparable to the ensemble of RCMs in representing the coastal wind stress and near-surface air temperature fields, showing the impact of the higher resolution and coupling for CCUS climate modelling. The model is able of properly reproducing mesoscale structures, being able to simulate the upwelling filaments events off Cape Ghir, which are not well represented in most of GCMs. Our results stress the ability of the regionally coupled model to reproduce the larger scale as well as mesoscale processes over the CCUS, opening the possibility to evaluate the climate change signal there with increased confidence.
Seizure-mediated iron accumulation and dysregulated iron metabolism after status epilepticus and in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Zimmer Till S. , David Bastian , Broekaart Diede W. M. , Schidlowski Martin , Ruffolo Gabriele , Korotkov Anatoly , van der Wel Nicole N. , van Rijen Peter C. , Mühlebner Angelika , van Hecke Wim , Baayen Johannes C. , Idema Sander , François Liesbeth , van Eyll Jonathan , Dedeurwaerdere Stefanie , Kessels Helmut W. , Surges Rainer , Rüber Theodor , Gorter Jan A. , Mills James D. , van Vliet Erwin A. , Aronica Eleonora 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeuronal dysfunction due to iron accumulation in conjunction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) could represent an important, yet underappreciated, component of the epileptogenic process. However, to date, alterations in iron metabolism in the epileptogenic brain have not been addressed in detail. Iron-related neuropathology and antioxidant metabolic processes were investigated in resected brain tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS), post-mortem brain tissue from patients who died after status epilepticus (SE) as well as brain tissue from the electrically induced SE rat model of TLE. Magnetic susceptibility of the presumed seizure-onset zone from three patients with focal epilepsy was compared during and after seizure activity. Finally, the cellular effects of iron overload were studied in vitro using an acute mouse hippocampal slice preparation and cultured human fetal astrocytes. While iron-accumulating neurons had a pyknotic morphology, astrocytes appeared to acquire iron-sequestrating capacity as indicated by prominent ferritin expression and iron retention in the hippocampus of patients with SE or TLE. Interictal to postictal comparison revealed increased magnetic susceptibility in the seizure-onset zone of epilepsy patients. Post-SE rats had consistently higher hippocampal iron levels during the acute and chronic phase (when spontaneous recurrent seizures are evident). In vitro, in acute slices that were exposed to iron, neurons readily took up iron, which was exacerbated by induced epileptiform activity. Human astrocyte cultures challenged with iron and ROS increased their antioxidant and iron-binding capacity, but simultaneously developed a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon chronic exposure. These data suggest that seizure-mediated, chronic neuronal iron uptake might play a role in neuronal dysfunction/loss in TLE-HS. On the other hand, astrocytes sequester iron, specifically in chronic epilepsy. This function might transform astrocytes into a highly resistant, pro-inflammatory phenotype potentially contributing to pro-epileptogenic inflammatory processes.
Episodic ataxia and severe infantile phenotype in spinocerebellar ataxia type 14: expansion of the phenotype and novel mutations
Authors: De Michele Giovanna , Galatolo Daniele , Galosi Serena , Mignarri Andrea , Silvestri Gabriella , Casali Carlo , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Ricca Ivana , Barghigiani Melissa , Tessa Alessandra , Cioffi Ettore , Caputi Caterina , Riso Vittorio , Dotti Maria Teresa , Saccà Francesco , De Michele Giuseppe , Cocozza Sirio , Filla Alessandro , Santorelli Filippo M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) is a dominantly inherited neurological disorder characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia. SCA14 is caused by mutations in PRKCG, a gene encoding protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ), a master regulator of Purkinje cells development.

Methods
We performed next-generation sequencing targeted resequencing panel encompassing 273 ataxia genes in 358 patients with genetically undiagnosed ataxia.

Results
We identified fourteen patients in ten families harboring nine pathogenic heterozygous variants in PRKCG, seven of which were novel. We encountered four patients with not previously described phenotypes: one with episodic ataxia, one with a spastic paraparesis dominating her clinical manifestations, and two children with an unusually severe phenotype.

Conclusions
Our study broadens the genetic and clinical spectrum of SCA14.
Knockdown of the prognostic cancer stem cell marker Musashi-1 decreases radio-resistance while enhancing apoptosis in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells via p21WAF1/CIP1
Authors: Troschel Fabian M. , Palenta Heike , Borrmann Katrin , Heshe Kristin , Hua San Hue , Yip George W. , Kiesel Ludwig , Eich Hans Theodor , Götte Martin , Greve Burkhard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
While the stem cell marker Musashi-1 (MSI-1) has been identified as a key player in a wide array of malignancies, few findings exist on its prognostic relevance and relevance for cancer cell death and therapy resistance in breast cancer.

Methods
First, we determined prognostic relevance of MSI-1 in database analyses regarding multiple survival outcomes. To substantiate findings, MSI-1 was artificially downregulated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and implications for cancer stem cell markers, cell apoptosis and apoptosis regulator p21, proliferation and radiation response were analyzed via flow cytometry and colony formation. Radiation-induced p21 expression changes were investigated using a dataset containing patient samples obtained before and after irradiation and own in vitro experiments.

Results
MSI-1 is a negative prognostic marker for disease-free and distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer and tends to negatively influence overall survival. MSI-1 knockdown downregulated stem cell gene expression and proliferation, but increased p21 levels and apoptosis. Similar to the MSI-1 knockdown effect, p21 expression was strongly increased after irradiation and was expressed at even higher levels in MSI-1 knockdown cells after irradiation. Finally, combined use of MSI-1 silencing and irradiation reduced cancer cell survival.

Conclusion
MSI-1 is a prognostic marker in breast cancer. MSI-1 silencing downregulates proliferation while increasing apoptosis. The anti-proliferation mediator p21 was upregulated independently after both MSI-1 knockdown and irradiation and even more after both treatments combined, suggesting synergistic potential. Radio-sensitization effects after combining radiation and MSI-1 knockdown underline the potential of MSI-1 as a therapeutic target.
De novo lupus-like glomerulonephritis after pediatric non-kidney organ transplantation
Authors: Farkas-Skiles Cristina M. , Ettenger Robert B. , Zuckerman Jonathan E. , Pearl Meghan , Venick Robert S. , Weng Patricia L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
We propose a novel clinically significant finding, de novo lupus-like glomerulonephritis (DNLLGN), in patients with autoantibodies and kidney abnormalities in pediatric liver transplant (LT) and intestinal inclusive transplants (ITx).

Methods
We describe the clinical, serologic, and histopathologic presentation and kidney outcomes in eight patients from our center found to have DNLLGN on kidney biopsy.

Results
Pediatric recipients of non-kidney solid organ transplants developed an unusual de novo immune complex glomerulonephritis with morphologic similarity to lupus nephritis. Six had isolated LT (0.9% of all pediatric LT at our center) and two had ITx (2.1% of all ITx). Five (63%) presented with nephrotic syndrome. Five patients had autoantibodies. Patients underwent kidney biopsy at a mean of 11.5 years in LT and 2.8 years in ITx after the index transplant. Biopsies demonstrated changes similar to focal or diffuse active lupus. Follow-up eGFR at a mean of 6 years after biopsy showed a mean decrease of 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 in all patients (p = 0.11).

Conclusions
DNLLGN has not been previously recognized in this clinical setting, yet 8 kidney biopsies from pediatric recipients of LT and ITx at our center in 25 years demonstrated this finding. DNLLGN appears to be an under-reported phenomenon of clinical significance.

Graphical abstract
Caregiver strain in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndromes
Authors: Kellermair Lukas , Fuchs Alexandra , Eggers Christian , Schwingenschuh Petra , Kögl Mariella , Fellner Franz , Forstner Thomas , Mangesius Stephanie , Guger Michael , Ransmayr Gerhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) progress relentlessly and lead to a need for care. Caregiving is often burdensome. Little is known about the course of caregiver burden (CB) in PSP and CBS patients. Longitudinal analysis of CB in family members caring for PSP and CBS patients. Single-center longitudinal pilot study in 68 newly diagnosed patients with probable PSP and CBS (52 Richardson’s syndrome; 1 progressive gait freezing of PSP; 15 CBS). Demographic, educational, occupational parameters, family status, motor functions (UPDRSIII, Hoehn and Yahr Score, Tinetti) and neuropsychological performance (CERAD Plus, Frontal Assessment Battery) were assessed, as well as behavioral and neuropsychiatric impairments (Frontal Behavioral Inventory, Neuropsychiatric Inventory), activities of daily living (ADL) and caregiver burden using the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), in most patients also the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Patients were followed up every 6 months for up to 2 years. Caregivers reported mild to moderate CB at baseline, which increased by 25–30% in 2 years and was significantly greater in PSP than in CBS. Risk for mental health problems increased over time, especially in female caregivers (depression). Important patient-related factors were apathy, aspontaneity, depression, irritability, disorganization, poor judgment, impairment of language, impairments in ADL, a high educational level of the patient and close family relationship. Behavioral symptoms and impaired ADL are the main patient-related factors of CB in PSP and CBS. CB can be severe and needs to be assessed repeatedly from the time of diagnosis to provide comprehensive support.
On the Inverse Source Identification Problem in $L^{\infty }$ for Fully Nonlinear Elliptic PDE
Authors: Ayanbayev Birzhan , Katzourakis Nikos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we generalise the results proved in N. Katzourakis (SIAM J. Math. Anal.51, 1349–1370, 2019) by studying the ill-posed problem of identifying the source of a fully nonlinear elliptic equation. We assume Dirichlet data and some partial noisy information for the solution on a compact set through a fully nonlinear observation operator. We deal with the highly nonlinear nonconvex nature of the problem and the lack of weak continuity by introducing a two-parameter Tykhonov regularisation with a higher orderL2“viscosity term” for the$L^{\infty }$L∞minimisation problem which allows to approximate by weakly lower semicontinuous cost functionals.
Past, present and future suitable areas for the relict tree Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae): Integrating fossil records, niche modeling, and phylogeography for conservation
Authors: Song Yi-Gang , Walas Łukasz , Pietras Marcin , Sâm Hoàng Văn , Yousefzadeh Hamed , Ok Tolga , Farzaliyev Vahid , Worobiec Grzegorz , Worobiec Elżbieta , Stachowicz-Rybka Renata , Boratyński Adam , Boratyńska Krystyna , Kozlowski Gregor , Jasińska Anna K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPterocarya fraxinifolia, native to the southern Caucasus and adjacent areas, has been widely introduced in Europe. In this study, we investigate the following: (1) How did its current distribution form? (2) What are the past, current, and future suitable habitats of P. fraxinifolia? (3) What is the best conservation approach? Ecological niche modeling was applied to determine its climatic demands and project the distribution of climatically suitable areas during three periods of past, current, and future (2070) time. Then, an integrated analysis of fossil data was performed. Massive expansion of Pterocarya species between the Miocene and Pliocene facilitated the arrival of P. fraxinifolia to the southern Caucasus. The Last Glacial Maximum played a vital role in its current fragmented spatial distribution in the Euxinian and Hyrcanian regions with lower elevations, and Caucasian and Irano-Turanian regions with higher elevations. Climatic limiting factors were very different across these four regions. Future climate change will create conditions for the expansion of this species in Europe. Human activities significantly decreased the suitable area for P. fraxinifolia, especially in the Euxinian, Hyrcanian, and Irano-Turanian regions. Considering genetic diversity, climate vulnerability, and land utilization, the Euxinian, Hyrcanian, and Irano-Turanian regions have been recognized as conservation priority areas for P. fraxinifolia.
Large-Scale Synoptic Systems and Fog During the C-FOG Field Experiment
Authors: Dorman Clive E. , Hoch Sebastian W. , Gultepe Ismail , Wang Qing , Yamaguchi Ryan T. , Fernando H. J. S. , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe goal of this work is to summarize synoptic meteorological conditions during the Coastal Fog (C-FOG) field project that took place onshore and offshore of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, from 25 August until 8 October 2018. Visibility was measured at three locations at the Ferryland supersite that are about 1 km from each other, and at two additional sites 66 and 76 km to the north. Supporting meteorological measurements included surface winds, air temperature, humidity, pressure, radiation, cloud-base height, and atmospheric thermodynamic profiles from radiosonde soundings. Statistics are presented for surface measurements during fog events including turbulence kinetic energy, net longwave radiation, visibility, and precipitation. Eleven fog events are observed at Ferryland. Each significant fog event is related to a large-scale cyclonic system. The longest fog event is due to interaction of a northern deep low and a tropical cyclone. Fog occurrence is also examined across Atlantic Canada by including Sable Island, Yarmouth, Halifax, and Sydney. It is concluded that at Ferryland, all significant fog events occur under a cyclonic system while at Sable Island all significant fog events occur under both cyclonic and anticyclonic systems. The fog-formation mechanism involves cloud lowering and stratus broadening or only stratus broadening for the cyclonic systems while for the anticyclonic systems it is stratus broadening or radiation. Although widely cited as the main cause of fog in Atlantic Canada, advection fog is not found to be the primary or sole fog type in the events examined.
Exploring Prison Misconduct and the Factors Influencing Rule Infraction in Northern Ireland
Authors: Butler Michelle , McNamee Catherine B. , Kelly Dominic 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch has linked prison misconduct to reoffending and re-entry experiences, yet no studies have sought to examine the factors influencing misconduct in Northern Ireland or if these factors operate differently for separated prisoners (those claiming their offences are politically motivated and demanding to be held separately to the rest of the prison population) compared to the general prison population. This study addresses this gap by examining the characteristics related to misconduct in Northern Ireland. Using a cross-sectional sample of 892 imprisoned adult men, the findings indicate that increased involvement in misconduct is associated with multiple needs. Younger age, racial/ethnic identity, accommodation issues, addiction, impairments, property offences, previous incarceration, prison complaints, not having a drug test and engagement/suspected engagement in serious self-harm while imprisoned increased the risk of misconduct. Reporting a nationality other than British, Irish or Northern Irish, passing prison drug tests and prison visitation lowered the risk of misconduct. Factors were found to operate in a similar manner for both the general prison population and separated prisoners, with the exception of prison complaints. Given the link between misconduct and reoffending, it is argued that specialist supports are required to address the multiple needs of those who frequently engage in misconduct if efforts to reduce recidivism are to be enhanced.
Molecular and Crystal Structures of Some Fluorocymantrenes
Authors: Sünkel Karlheinz , Klein-Heßling Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structures of the fluorocymantrenes [(C5H4F)Mn(CO)3] and [(C5H5−nFn)Mn (CO)2(PPh3)] (n = 1–3) have been studied. The influence of the phosphine for carbonyl substitution on the bond parameters is larger than the influence of the increasing fluorine content. In most cases the Mn → P vector is in a transoid position relative to the fluorine substituents, and therefore the conformational parameters of the PPh3 propeller are in these cases very similar. The crystal structures show many intermolecular C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds and only very few C–H⋯F hydrogen bonds.
Graphic Abstract
The influence of the phosphine for carbonyl substitution on the bond parameters of the fluorocymantrenes [(C5H4F)Mn(CO)3] and [(C5H5−nFn)Mn (CO)2(PPh3)] (n = 1–3) is larger than the influence of the increasing fluorine content.
Fast Reaction Limits via $$\Gamma $$-Convergence of the Flux Rate Functional
Authors: Peletier Mark A. , Renger D. R. Michiel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the convergence of a sequence of evolution equations for measures supported on the nodes of a graph. The evolution equations themselves can be interpreted as the forward Kolmogorov equations of Markov jump processes, or equivalently as the equations for the concentrations in a network of linear reactions. The jump rates or reaction rates are divided in two classes; ‘slow’ rates are constant, and ‘fast’ rates are scaled as $$1/\epsilon $$

1
/
ϵ

, and we prove the convergence in the fast-reaction limit $$\epsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ϵ
→
0

. We establish a $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence result for the rate functional in terms of both the concentration at each node and the flux over each edge (the level-2.5 rate function). The limiting system is again described by a functional, and characterises both fast and slow fluxes in the system. This method of proof has three advantages. First, no condition of detailed balance is required. Secondly, the formulation in terms of concentration and flux leads to a short and simple proof of the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence; the price to pay is a more involved compactness proof. Finally, the method of proof deals with approximate solutions, for which the functional is not zero but small, without any changes.