bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Exposure to Air Pollution, Road Traffic Noise, and Heart Failure Incidence: The Danish Nurse Cohort
Authors: Lim Youn‐Hee , Jørgensen Jeanette T. , So Rina , Cole‐Hunter Tom , Mehta Amar J. , Amini Heresh , Bräuner Elvira V. , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Liu Shuo , Mortensen Laust H. , Hoffmann Barbara , Loft Steffen , Ketzel Matthias , Hertel Ole , Brandt Jørgen , Jensen Steen Solvang , Backalarz Claus , Simonsen Mette K. , Tasic Nebojsa , Maric Matija , Andersen Zorana J. 
Published: October 2021

Background
We examined the association of long‐term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with incident heart failure (HF).

Methods And Results

Using data on female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (aged >44 years), we investigated associations between 3‐year mean exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise and incident HF using Cox regression models, adjusting for relevant confounders. Incidence of HF was defined as the first hospital contact (inpatient, outpatient, or emergency) between cohort baseline (1993 or 1999) and December 31, 2014, based on the Danish National Patient Register. Annual mean levels of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm since 1990 and NO
2
and road traffic noise since 1970 were estimated at participants' residences. Of the 22 189 nurses, 484 developed HF. We detected associations with all 3 pollutants, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01–1.36), 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99–1.22), and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.99–1.26) per increase of 5.1 µg/m
3
in particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm, 8.6 µg/m
3
in NO
2
, and 9.3 dB in road traffic noise, respectively. We observed an enhanced risk of HF incidence for those exposed to high levels of the 3 pollutants; however, the effect modification of coexposure was not statistically significant. Former smokers and nurses with hypertension showed the strongest associations with particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm (
P
effect modification
<0.05).

Conclusions
We found that long‐term exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise were independently associated with HF.
Vascular Stiffening Mediated by Rho‐Associated Coiled‐Coil Containing Kinase Isoforms
Authors: Li Yuxin , Tai Haw‐Chih , Sladojevic Nikola , Kim Hyung‐Hwan , Liao James K. 
Published: October 2021

Background
The pathogenesis of vascular stiffening and hypertension is marked by non‐compliance of vessel wall because of deposition of collagen fibers, loss of elastin fibers, and increased vascular thickening. Rho/Rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) have been shown to regulate cellular contraction and vascular remodeling. However, the role of ROCK isoforms in mediating pathogenesis of vascular stiffening and hypertension is not known.

Methods and Results

Hemizygous
Rock
mice (
Rock1
+/−
and
Rock2
+/−
) were used to determine the role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in age‐related vascular dysfunction. Both ROCK activity and aortic stiffness increased to a greater extent with age in wild‐type mice compared with that of
Rock1
+/−
and
Rock2
+/−
mice. As a model for age‐related vascular stiffening, we administered angiotensin II (500 ng/kg per minute) combined with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L‐N
ω
‐nitroarginine methyl ester (0.5 g/L) for 4 weeks to 12‐week‐old male
Rock1
+/−
and
Rock2
+/−
mice. Similar to advancing age, angiotensin II/L‐N
ω
‐nitroarginine methyl ester caused increased blood pressure, aortic stiffening, and vascular remodeling, which were attenuated in
Rock2
+/−
, and to a lesser extent,
Rock1
+/−
mice. The reduction of aortic stiffening in
Rock2
+/−
mice was accompanied by decreased collagen deposition, relatively preserved elastin content, and less aortic wall hypertrophy. Indeed, the upregulation of collagen I by transforming growth factor‐β1 or angiotensin II was greatly attenuated in
Rock2
−/−
mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that ROCK1 and ROCK2 mediate both age‐related and pharmacologically induced aortic stiffening, and suggest that inhibition of ROCK2, and to a lesser extent ROCK1, may have therapeutic benefits in preventing age‐related vascular stiffening.
DNA metabarcoding reveals fine scale geographical differences of consumed algae in the Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
Authors: Anslan Sten , Dalgo Denisse , Reinhardt Timm , Peñafiel Nicolás , Guayasamin Juan , Páez-Rosas Diego , Vences Miguel , Steinfartz Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Galápagos marine iguanas are primarily associated with the marine environment and show special nutritional adaptations. They are the only lizards worldwide that forage on marine macroalgae. Until now, consumed algae have been identified by direct observations during their feeding activities and microscopic identification in faeces samples. In this study, we use a novel DNA metabarcoding approach to identify consumed algal species from the faeces of marine iguanas. We developed primers for the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene and applied a metabarcoding approach to 25 individual faeces samples collected in four representative sites of two subspecies (Amblyrhynchus cristatus mertensi and A. c. godzilla), found in the San Cristóbal Island. We detected 18 consistently occurring macroalgal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Most of the OTUs were assigned to Rhodophyta (red algae) and only one OTU to Chlorophyta (green algae). Despite the number of consumed algal species did not differ between two subspecies (OTU richness; P = 0.383), diet overlap level between A. c. mertensi and A. c. godzilla was low (Schoener index = 0.345), suggesting that both subspecies consumed different algal species in their natural environment. Further studies are needed to understand whether the difference of consumed algae reflects disparities in the abundance of algal species between sites, or whether iguanas of the two genetically differentiated subspecies prefer distinct algal species.
Phasmarhabditis quinamensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from tropical terrestrial gastropods in southern Vietnam
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Spiridonov Sergei E. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Phasmarhabditis quinamensis sp. n. was recovered from several tropical terrestrial gastropod species collected in Cat Tien National Park in southern Vietnam with the snail, Sesara sp., designated as the type host. Phasmarhabditis quinamensis sp. n. is recognised by males and females with a lip region set off by the circle of six triangular low probolae, three bilobed, separated lips, stoma nearly as wide as long, the first genital papilla in males not incorporated into the bursa, the ensheathed dauer juveniles more than 1 mm long and with two circles of papillae at the head end and prominent amphidial apertures, a long filamentous tail and, when exsheathed, with a short, conical tail ending with two tiny spikes. The head structure of P. quinamensis sp. n. differentiates it from all nominal species of Phasmarhabditis. Phasmarhabditis quinamensis sp. n. is the second species of the genus found in Cat Tien National Park. The sympatric species P. meridionalis was also found during the present study. Phylogenetically, both species belong to different lineages within Phasmarhabditis. The molecular analysis based on partial sequences of LSU rDNA, and ITS rDNA regions showed P. kenyaensis to be the closest species to P. quinamensis sp. n.
Heterodera amaranthusiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a new cyst nematode parasitising Amaranthus retroflexus L. in China
Authors: Jiang Ru , Hu Xianqi , Li Yunqing , Bian Yong , Huang Liqiang , Gu Jianfeng , Liu Pei , Huang Wenkun , Kong Lingan , Liu Shiming , Peng Huan , Peng Deliang 
Published: October 2021

Summary
A new species of cyst-forming nematode, Heterodera amaranthusiae n. sp., is described and illustrated from the weed, Amaranthus retroflexus, in a potato field in Yunnan Province, China. It is characterised by having canary to russet-brown and asymmetric lemon-shaped cyst, distinct neck, bifenestrate vulval cone, relatively short vulval slit of 29 (28-32) μm, bullae absent and underbridge absent or weak if present. Second-stage juveniles are characterised by a well-developed stylet of 23 (22-25) μm with robust shaft and basal knobs concave anteriorly, tail conoid, 51 (48-58) μm long and hyaline region comprising 48 (41-53)% of its length. Morphologically and morphometrically it most resembles H. vallicola in the Humuli group. The ITS, 28S and COI gene sequences of H. amaranthusiae n. sp. clearly differentiate it from other Heterodera species. For diagnostic purposes, restriction enzyme analysis of the ITS region and three restriction enzymes, AluI, BsuRI (HaeIII) and CfoI (HhaI), were selected, clearly distinguishing H. amaranthusiae n. sp. from representative species in the Humuli group. Phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus, inferred from two ribosomal regions and the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 region, based on Bayesian analysis, consistently showed that H. amaranthusiae n. sp. clustered with high support with other Humuli group species but with separate species status.
Machine learning predictive models of LDL-C in the population of eastern India and its comparison with directly measured and calculated LDL-C
Authors: P P Anudeep , Kumari Suchitra , Rajasimman Aishvarya S , Nayak Saurav , Priyadarsini Pooja 
Published: October 2021

Background LDL-C is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. The formulas used to calculate LDL-C showed varying performance in different populations. Machine learning models can study complex interactions between the variables and can be used to predict outcomes more accurately. The current study evaluated the predictive performance of three machine learning models—random forests, XGBoost, and support vector Rregression (SVR) to predict LDL-C from total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C in comparison to linear regression model and some existing formulas for LDL-C calculation, in eastern Indian population. Methods The lipid profiles performed in the clinical biochemistry laboratory of AIIMS Bhubaneswar during 2019–2021, a total of 13,391 samples were included in the study. Laboratory results were collected from the laboratory database. 70% of data were classified as train set and used to develop the three machine learning models and linear regression formula. These models were tested in the rest 30% of the data (test set) for validation. Performance of models was evaluated in comparison to best six existing LDL-C calculating formulas. Results LDL-C predicted by XGBoost and random forests models showed a strong correlation with directly estimated LDL-C (r = 0.98). Two machine learning models performed superior to the six existing and commonly used LDL-C calculating formulas like Friedewald in the study population. When compared in different triglycerides strata also, these two models outperformed the other methods used. Conclusion Machine learning models like XGBoost and random forests can be used to predict LDL-C with more accuracy comparing to conventional linear regression LDL-C formulas.
Multi‐institutional Study of Otolaryngology Resident Intraoperative Experiences for Key Indicator Procedures
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Deng Francis , Filimonov Andrey , Shuman Elizabeth A. , Marchiano Emily , George Brian C. , Thorne Marc , Pletcher Steven D. , Platt Michael , Teng Marita S. , Kozin Elliott D. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThere is concern that current otolaryngology residents may not receive adequate surgical training. We aimed to characterize residents’ surgical experiences at 5 academic centers performing the 14 key indicator procedures (KIPs) outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.Study DesignProspective study.SettingFive otolaryngology training programs.MethodsData were gathered from December 2019 to December 2020 with a smartphone application from the Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning. After each operation, residents and faculty rated trainee autonomy on a 4‐level Zwisch scale and performance on a 5‐level modified Dreyfus scale.ResultsResidents and attendings (n = 92 and 78, respectively) logged 2984 evaluations. Attending ratings of resident autonomy and performance increased with training level (P < .001). Resident self‐assessments of autonomy and performance were lower than paired attending assessments (P < .001). Among attending evaluations of KIPs performed by senior residents (postgraduate year 4 or 5), 55% of cases were performed with meaningful autonomy (passive help or supervision only). Similarly, attendings rated 55% of these cases as a practice‐ready or exceptional performance. Senior residents had meaningful autonomy for ≥50% of cases for most KIPs, with the exception of flaps and grafts (40%), pediatric/adult airway (39%), and stapedectomy/ossiculoplasty (33%). Similarly, senior residents received practice‐ready or exceptional performance ratings for ≥50% of cases across all KIPs other than pediatric/adult airway (42%) and stapedectomy/ossiculoplasty (33%).ConclusionIn this multicenter study, resident surgical autonomy and performance varied across otolaryngology KIPs. The development of nationwide benchmarks will help programs and residents set educational goals.Level of evidence2.
Exploring the relationship between the usability of a goal-oriented mobile health application and non-usage attrition in patients with multimorbidity: A blended data analysis approach
Authors: Tahsin Farah , Tracy Shawn , Chau Edward , Harvey Sarah , Loganathan Mayura , McKinstry Brian , Mercer Stewart W , Nie Jason , Ramsay Tim , Thavorn Kednapa , Palen Ted , Sritharan Jasvinei , Steele Gray Carolyn 
Published: October 2021

Background Mobile health applications are increasingly used to support the delivery of health care services to a variety of patients. Based on data obtained from a pragmatic trial of the electronic Patient Reported Outcome (ePRO) app designed to support goal-oriented care primary care, this study aims to (1) examine how patient-reported usability changed over the one-year intervention period, and (2) explore participant attrition rate of the electronic Patient Reported Outcome app over one year study period. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of 44 older adults with complex chronic needs enrolled in the electronic Patient Reported Outcome-digital health intervention. App usage and attrition were measured using device-generated usage logs; usability was measured using the patient-reported post-study system usability questionnaire collected at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Research memos were used to interpret potential contextual contributing factors to patients’ overall usage and usability score pattern. A data triangulation method of both quantitative and qualitative data was used to analyze and interpret study findings. Results While there was gradual attrition in the use of the ePRO app, patients’ usability scores remained consistent throughout the study period. Qualitative memos suggested patients’ encounters with technical difficulties and relationship dynamics with primary providers influenced patients’ adherence to the ePRO app. Conclusion This study highlights that the patient–provider relationship is a key determining factor that influences complex patients’ continued engagement with a Mobile health app. The finding calls attention to the measurement of usability of a Mobile health app, its impact on attrition, and contributing factors that influence patients’ attrition. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identified NCT02917954.
A CIBERSORTx-based immune cell scoring system could independently predict the prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Wang Yu-Hung , Hou Hsin-An , Lin Chien-Chin , Kuo Yuan-Yeh , Yao Chi-Yuan , Hsu Chia-Lang , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Tsai Cheng-Hong , Peng Yen-Ling , Kao Chein-Jun , Chou Wen-Chien , Tien Hwei-Fang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aside from cell intrinsic factors such as genetic alterations, immune dysregulation in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a role in the development and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the prognostic implications of various immune cells in patients with MDS remain unclear. We adopted CIBERSORTx to estimate the relative fractions of 22 subtypes of immune cells in the BM of 316 patients with MDS and correlated the results with clinical outcomes. A lower fraction of unpolarized M0 macrophages and higher fractions of M2 macrophages and eosinophils were significantly associated with inferior survival. An immune cell scoring system (ICSS) was constructed based on the proportion of these 3 immune cells in the BM. The ICSS high-risk patients had higher BM blast counts, higher frequencies of poor-risk cytogenetics, and more NPM1, TP53, and WT1 mutations than intermediate- and low-risk patients. The ICSS could stratify patients with MDS into 3 risk groups with distinct leukemia-free survival and overall survival among the total cohort and in the subgroups of patients with lower and higher disease risk based on the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). The prognostic significance of ICSS was also validated in another independent cohort. Multivariable analysis revealed that ICSS independently predicted prognosis, regardless of age, IPSS-R, and mutation status. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between high-risk ICSS and nuclear factor κB signaling, oxidative stress, and leukemic stem cell signature pathways. Further studies investigating the mechanistic insight into the crosstalk between stem cells and immune cells are warranted.
Graft rejection markers in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant for bone marrow failure
Authors: Sabulski Anthony , Myers Kasiani C. , Bleesing Jack J. , Duell Alexandra , Lane Adam , Teusink-Cross Ashley , Davies Stella M. , Jodele Sonata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGraft rejection (GR) is a poorly understood complication of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). GR risk factors are well published, but there are no reliable biomarkers or therapies known. Fever is the most common symptom of GR, but no study has evaluated fever kinetics as a diagnostic marker of GR. The objectives of this study were to identify mechanisms, biomarkers, and potential therapies for GR after HCT. Chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and complement markers (sC5b-9, C3a, and C5a) were measured in 7 patients with GR and compared with 15 HCT controls. All patients had a diagnosis of aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, or genetically undefined chromosomal fragility syndrome. All patients with GR were febrile during GR; therefore, control patients who underwent HCT were matched for diagnosis and early fevers after HCT. Patients withh GR had significantly higher CXCL9, BAFF, and sC5b-9 at the time of fever and GR compared with control patients who underwent HCT at the time of fever. The maximum fever was significantly higher and occurred significantly later in the transplant course in patients with GR compared with febrile HCT controls. These data support the use of CXCL9, BAFF, sC5b-9, and fever kinetics as GR markers. Two patients with GR underwent a second HCT that was complicated by high fevers. Both patients received interferon and complement blockers during their second HCT, and both preserved their graft. These laboratory and clinical findings support larger studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of interferon, complement, and BAFF inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of GR after HCT.
Orthopedic toxicities among adolescents and young adults treated in DFCI ALL Consortium Trials
Authors: Valtis Yannis K. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Place Andrew E. , Silverman Lewis B. , Vrooman Lynda M. , Gotti Giacomo , Brunner Andrew M. , Nauffal Mary , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Luskin Marlise R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Adolescent and young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have superior outcomes when treated on pediatric regimens. Pediatric ALL regimens rely heavily on corticosteroids and asparaginase and are known to increase the risk of osteonecrosis (ON) and fractures in children, particularly adolescents. Orthopedic toxicity among young adults treated on pediatric-inspired regimens is not well described. Here, we report the symptomatic orthopedic toxicities of patients aged 15 to 50 years treated on sequential Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium protocols. Among 367 patients with a median age of 23 years (range, 15-50 years; 68% aged &lt;30 years), 60 patients were diagnosed with ON (5-year cumulative incidence, 17%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13-22), and 40 patients experienced fracture (5-year cumulative incidence, 12%; 95% CI, 8-15). Patients aged &lt;30 years were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ON (5-year cumulative incidence, 21% vs 8%; P = .004). Patients treated more recently on pegaspargase-based protocols were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ON compared with those treated on earlier trials with native Escherichia coli asparaginase (5-year cumulative incidence, 24% vs 5%; P &lt; .001). Of the 54 ON events for which adequate information was available, surgery was performed in 25 (46%). Patients with ON had superior overall survival (OS) compared with those without (multivariable OS hazard ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.46; P = .001; ON included as a time-varying exposure). Increased rates of orthopedic toxicity in late-generation protocols may be driven by the pharmacokinetic drug interaction between pegaspargase and dexamethasone, leading to higher dexamethasone exposure.
Adoptive T-cell therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ho Carrie , Ruella Marco , Levine Bruce L. , Svoboda Jakub 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough CAR T-cell therapy is US Food and Drug Administration–approved for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, the development of adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has not accelerated at a similar pace. Adoptive T-cell therapy with Epstein-Barr virus–specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD30 CAR T cells have demonstrated significant clinical responses in early clinical trials of patients with cHL. Additionally, CD19 and CD123 CAR T cells that target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in cHL have also been investigated. Here we discuss the landscape of clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy for patients with cHL with a view toward current challenges and novel strategies to improve the development of CAR T-cell therapy for cHL.