bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Minuman Herbal Sederhana Dari Jahe Untuk Mendukung Imunitas Melawan Covid-19
Authors: Wiboworini Budiyanti , Shabrina Amalina 
Published: December 2021

<p><strong>Pendahuluan:</strong> Penularan penyakit infeksi termasuk Covid-19 tidak terlepas dari interaksi antara agen penyebab penyakit -<em>host</em> dan lingkungan. Upaya peningkatan daya tahan tubuh <em>host </em>agar dapat bertahan terhadap serangan virus juga merupakan hal yang penting dilakukan, antara lain dengan pemanfaatan bahan alam. Jahe merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang telah terbukti dapat memperkuat imunitas. Pada masa pandemi dibutuhkan banyak agen penggerak yang bisa menularkan pengetahuan yang didapatnya ke lingkungan sekitarnya, dan remaja masjid adalah salah satu kelompok yang memenuhi kriteria tersebut. Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan menyampaikan pada remaja masjid manfaat jahe untuk memperkuat imunitas dan cara mengolahnya menjadi minuman yang segar dan enak dikonsumsi.</p><p><strong>Metode:</strong> Kegiatan dilakukan melalui tahapan <em>assessmen</em>t, koordinasi dan pelaksanaan edukasi. Edukasi diikuti 45 remaja masjid dan takmir masjid Asy Syakur, Buran, Tasikmadu Karanganyar dengan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi pembuatan minuman jahe.</p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong> Peserta antusias mendapatkan pemahaman, terlihat dari sesi diskusi. Peserta menyatakan mendapat pengetahuan baru dalam pemanfaatan bahan alam menjadi jamu untuk meningkatkan imunitas. Selain itu minuman yang dibuat telah dicoba dan dapat diterima karena rasanya enak dan segar.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Jahe dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman herbal sederhana yang mudah dibuat dan dapat diterima masyarakat.</p><p class="Keywords"><strong>Kata kunci: herbal; jahe; imunitas; remaja masjid</strong></p>
Is project-based transdisciplinary assessment effective in reducing the Mathematical anxiety of pre-service Biology teacher?
Authors: Bermuli Jessica Elfani , Tamba Kimura Patar 
Published: December 2021

Mathematical anxiety is a constant obstacle experienced by pre-service Biology Teachers in developing their quantitative abilities. Project-based transdisciplinary assessment is one type of transdisciplinary application that has not been widely explored to solve this problem. Project-based transdisciplinary assessment in form of mini-research with the topic “Data Collection on local wisdom in each area”. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of implementing project-based transdisciplinary assessment on reducing mathematics anxiety among 23 pre-service biology Teachers. This study used a pre-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with one non-randomized group. The pre-test and post-test were carried out using the AMAS (Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Statistical results of this study show no significant difference in mathematics anxiety before and after the implementation of the project-based transdisciplinary assessment with a z value of-0.163 and a p-value of 0.87. Based on the aspect of mathematics anxiety, there is also no significant difference in mathematics learning anxiety and mathematics evaluation anxiety when compared before and after the implementation of project-based transdisciplinary assessment with each z value = -0.664, p = 0.506 and z = -0.931 and p = 0.352. The implication of this research is the need for a continuous, collaborative and institutional effort in the transdisciplinary application so as to improve the quantitative abilities of pre-service Biology Teachers.
Neighborhood Racial and Economic Segregation and Disparities in Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schleimer Julia P. , Buggs Shani A. , McCort Christopher D. , Pear Veronica A. , Biasi Alaina De , Tomsich Elizabeth , Shev Aaron B. , Laqueur Hannah S. , Wintemute Garen J. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To describe associations between neighborhood racial and economic segregation and violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. For 13 US cities, we obtained zip code–level data on 5 violence outcomes from March through July 2018 through 2020. Using negative binomial regressions and marginal contrasts, we estimated differences between quintiles of racial, economic, and racialized economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes as a measure of neighborhood privilege (1) in 2020 and (2) relative to 2018 through 2019 (difference-in-differences). Results. In 2020, violence was higher in less-privileged neighborhoods than in the most privileged. For example, if all zip codes were in the least privileged versus most privileged quintile of racialized economic segregation, we estimated 146.2 additional aggravated assaults (95% confidence interval = 112.4, 205.8) per zip code on average across cities. Differences over time in less-privileged zip codes were greater than differences over time in the most privileged for firearm violence, aggravated assault, and homicide. Conclusions. Marginalized communities endure endemically high levels of violence. The events of 2020 exacerbated disparities in several forms of violence. Public Health Implications. To reduce violence and related disparities, immediate and long-term investments in low-income neighborhoods of color are warranted. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):144–153. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306540 )
Fluid-inclusion petrography in calcite stalagmites: Implications for entrapment processes
Authors: Lopez-Elorza Maialen , Muñoz-García Maria Belén , González-Acebrón Laura , Martín-Chivelet Javier 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Fluids trapped in speleothems have an enormous potential in frontier fields of paleoclimate and paleohydrological research. This potential is, however, hampered by diverse scientific and technical limitations, among which the lack of a systematic methodology for genetically characterizing fluid inclusions is a major one, as these can have different origins, and thus, the trapped fluid (usually water), different meanings. In this work, we propose a systematic petrological classification of fluid inclusions, based on: 1) the temporal relation between fluid inclusions and the host calcite, 2) the spatial relation between fluid inclusions and the “crystallites” and crystals aggregates, and 3) the phases (water, air) trapped inside fluid inclusions. The first criterion allows dividing fluid inclusions in two main categories: primary and secondary, whose identification is critical in any research based on trapped fluids. The other two criteria allow the definition of eight types of primary and four types of secondary fluid inclusions.
Primary fluid inclusions contain the drip water that fed stalagmites at the time of crystal growth, and can be intercrystalline, i.e., located between adjacent crystallites, or intracrystalline, i.e., with the fluid trapped within crystallites. We differentiate six main types among the intercrystalline fluid inclusions (elongate, thorn-shaped, down-arrow, interbranch, macro-elongate, and bucket) and other two among intracrystalline inclusions (pyriform and boudin). In primary inclusions, water is the main phase, while gas is much less abundant. The presence of gas could be related to slow drip rates or degassing in the cave, but also to later leakage due to changes in temperature and humidity often occurring during inadequate handling of speleothem samples.
Secondary fluid inclusions were clearly related to younger water inlet through stratigraphic disruptions or unconformities. They are formed after water infiltration, but sealed before the renewed crystal growth. We differentiate four main types of secondary inclusions: interconnected, rounded, triangular, and vertical fluid inclusions. The identification of primary and secondary fluid inclusions in speleothems is a key for interpretation in paleoclimate studies.
Integration of petrological results allow establishment of three different genetic scenarios for the formation of fluid inclusions, whose identification can be relevant because of their predictive character.
Numerical Optimization of WAG Injection in a Sandstone Field using a Coupled Surface and Subsurface Model
Authors: Ismail Thaer I. , Al-Shalabi Emad W. , Bedewi Mahmoud , AlAmeri Waleed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGas injection is one of the most commonly used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. However, there are multiple problems associated with gas injection including gravity override, viscous fingering, and channeling. These problems are due to an adverse mobility ratio and cause early breakthrough of the gas resulting, in poor recovery efficiency. A Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection process is recommended to resolve these problems through better mobility control of gas, leading to better project economics. However, poor WAG design and lack of understanding of the different factors that control its performance might result in unfavorable oil recovery. Therefore, this study provides more insight into improving WAG oil recovery by optimizing different surface and subsurface WAG parameters using a coupled surface and subsurface simulator. Moreover, the work investigates the effects of hysteresis on WAG performance.This case study investigates a field named Volve, which is a decommissioned sandstone field in the North Sea. Experimental design of factors influencing WAG performance on this base case was studied. Sensitivity analysis was performed on different surface and subsurface WAG parameters including WAG ratio, time to start WAG, total gas slug size, cycle slug size, and tubing diameter. A full two-level factorial design was used for the sensitivity study. The significant parameters of interest were further optimized numerically to maximize oil recovery.The results showed that the total slug size is the most important parameter, followed by time to start WAG, and then cycle slug size. WAG ratio appeared in some of the interaction terms while tubing diameter effect was found to be negligible. The study also showed that phase hysteresis has little to no effect on oil recovery. Based on the optimization, it is recommended to perform waterflooding followed by tertiary WAG injection for maximizing oil recovery from the Volve field. Furthermore, miscible WAG injection resulted in an incremental oil recovery between 5 to 11% OOIP compared to conventional waterflooding. WAG optimization is case-dependent and hence, the findings of this study hold only for the studied case, but the workflow should be applicable to any reservoir. Unlike most previous work, this study investigates WAG optimization considering both surface and subsurface parameters using a coupled model.
Coupling Production Data with the DFN to Unravel Natural Fracture Networks in a Tight Naturally Fractured Jurassic Reservoir, Kuwait
Authors: Altman Raphael , Pichardi Mariela , Sangani Pratik , Al Rashidi Tahani , Padhy Girija Shankar , Sadhu Arup 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Jurassic Najmah-Sargelu of west Kuwait can be thought of as a "hybrid" between a conventional and an unconventional reservoir. These systems form an increasingly important resource for operators, but their performance is unpredictable because matrix permeability is in the micro-Darcy range and production depends on natural fractures. Success depends on how well the static models are aligned to the dynamic production, and the effectiveness of a fit-for-purpose multistage completion on project economics. In this work we present our lessons learnt in production modelling these reservoirs and the coupling between reservoir simulation and the discrete fracture network (DFN).
Our reservoir models were constructed using a highly integrated approach incorporating data from all scales and disciplines (drilling, geophysical, geological, reservoir and production) and the production simulations were run using dual porosity and black oil models. As expected, the DFN played a key part of this effort. An iterative approach was used to adjust the DFN so that it was consistent with production observations. However, in all cases care was made to ensure the new DFN honoured the seismic, geological, well log and drilling data from which it was generated. Final, smaller adjustments were made to the simulation model at the log scale to match PLT data.
We used uncertainty analysis to run hundreds of simulation cases and found that the character of the natural fractures is quite well imprinted in the observed production data, particularly pressure buildup data. This gave us a better understanding of whether the natural fractures are diffuse and laterally extensive away from the wellbore or if they are localized close to the wellbore. Where reservoir simulation history matches inferred laterally extensive natural fractures, an good correlation was obtained with the natural fracturing from the DFN. This correlation was poor where natural fracturing was confined to a smaller depth interval (as observed from PLT), and is a result of the limitation in seismic resolution to resolve these natural fractures.
The lessons learnt from our work helps towards improved understanding of production mechanisms of these reservoirs and their natural fracture networks. This, together with higher resolution azimuthal seismic, advanced wellbore characterization data and multistage completions are the desired key ingredients for technically enhancing production in these reservoirs.
Changing the Status Quo: Cases of Production Restoration in Inactive Offshore Oil Wells
Authors: Sarsekov Arlen , Ali Al Kindi Salem , Albeshr Manal , Luo Yin , Kamaletdinov Bulat , Basavraj Arali Vaishak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The United Arab Emirates oil and gas reservoirs are continuously intersected with a growing number of horizontal wells and longer drains at varying bottomhole static temperatures. This results in a variety of naturally flowing and more challenging wells where stimulation is required for sustainable flow. Hence it became important to not only rely on plain acid systems for production gain, but to also include more sophisticated acid stimulation systems that can provide improved results in more challenging environments where plain acid may be found lacking. These results were recently achieved via the introduction of single-phase retarded acid (SPRA) as well as viscoelastic diverting acid (VEDA) in inactive wells offshore.
The application of SPRA and VEDA was subsequent to extensive laboratory testing including core flow tests, solubility tests, and emulsion tendency testing to the performance of these blends against existing acid recipes such as plain HCl and polymer-based diverting acid. These tests proved that a combination of SPRA and VEDA would allow maximizing lateral coverage in heterogenous reservoirs due to the chemical diversion capabilities from thief zones without imposing further damage that polymer-based diverted acids may cause. The combined SPRA and VEDA would also enhance acid wormhole penetration due to the reduced rate of reaction caused by acid retardation. Such tests were supported with software simulations that provided acid dosage, pumping rate, and pumping method sensitives.
Proposing SPRA and VEDA at higher pumping rates enabled the delivery of previously unattainable production influx at sustainable wellhead pressures. In addition, 28% acid content typically used for dolomitic reservoirs was considered unnecessary as 20% retarded acid proved sufficient in such environments. This allowed bullheading treatments, which was previously not possible due to the restriction on pumping 28% acid content across wellheads to avoid causing corrosive damage. Other treatment parameters such as volumes, rates, and acid/diverter sequence and ratio were also adjusted for optimal wormhole penetration across all zones using a fit-for-purpose carbonate matrix acidizing modeling software.
The success of SPRA and VEDA was clear in post-treatment evaluation for the cases of previously shut-in wells. These wells were able to produce sustainably at the required tubinghead pressure (production line pressure) after unsuccessful attempts to flow prior to stimulation.
The novelty of this paper is the assessment between legacy carbonate stimulation results in UAE using plain HCl acid and polymer-based diverting acid (PDA) and using SPRA and VEDA in shut-in or inactive wells. It also highlights the game-changing solutions that suit the increasing challenges observed in offshore inactive wells including well placement, lithology, bottomhole static temperature, and permeability contrast.
Geoscience Language Processing for Exploration
Authors: Denli Huseyin , Chughtai Hassan A , Hughes Brian , Gistri Robert , Xu Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeep learning has recently been providing step-change capabilities, particularly using transformer models, for natural language processing applications such as question answering, query-based summarization, and language translation for general-purpose context. We have developed a geoscience-specific language processing solution using such models to enable geoscientists to perform rapid, fully-quantitative and automated analysis of large corpuses of data and gain insights.One of the key transformer-based model is BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). It is trained with a large amount of general-purpose text (e.g., Common Crawl). Use of such a model for geoscience applications can face a number of challenges. One is due to the insignificant presence of geoscience-specific vocabulary in general-purpose context (e.g. daily language) and the other one is due to the geoscience jargon (domain-specific meaning of words). For example, salt is more likely to be associated with table salt within a daily language but it is used as a subsurface entity within geosciences.To elevate such challenges, we retrained a pre-trained BERT model with our 20M internal geoscientific records. We will refer the retrained model as GeoBERT. We fine-tuned the GeoBERT model for a number of tasks including geoscience question answering and query-based summarization.BERT models are very large in size. For example, BERT-Large has 340M trained parameters. Geoscience language processing with these models, including GeoBERT, could result in a substantial latency when all database is processed at every call of the model. To address this challenge, we developed a retriever-reader engine consisting of an embedding-based similarity search as a context retrieval step, which helps the solution to narrow the context for a given query before processing the context with GeoBERT.We built a solution integrating context-retrieval and GeoBERT models. Benchmarks show that it is effective to help geologists to identify answers and context for given questions. The prototype will also produce a summary to different granularity for a given set of documents. We have also demonstrated that domain-specific GeoBERT outperforms general-purpose BERT for geoscience applications.
A Comprehensive Review on the Characteristics, Challenges and Reuse Opportunities Associated with Produced Water in Fracturing Operations
Authors: Alkhowaildi Mustafa Ahmed , Mahmoud Mohamed , Bataweel Mohammed Abdullah , Tawabini Bassam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmid the rise in energy demand over recent years, natural gas from tight reservoirs has been targeted abundantly around the globe by different oil operators. Hydraulic fracturing technology has been instrumental in the successful exploitation of energy from tight formations. The process is associated with enormous usage of water. Hydraulic fracturing requires as little as 500,000 gallons of freshwater, and up to 6 million gallons per well depending on the type of well and the number of stages treated. Now operators, as well as service companies worldwide, have shown a desire to use produced water in field operations to enhance economics and reduce their environmental footprint. Reusing produced water in field operations appears to be a win-win proposition by transforming the industry's biggest waste product into a resource.This paper highlights the recent findings in published articles about formulating a fracturing fluid from produced water as a base fluid. The rheological properties and fluid performance requirements, such as proppant carrying capacity, mixing, fluid efficiency, ability to crosslink and break, and cleanup after treatment, will be evaluated in detail. This paper identified the critical parameters associated with high TDS fluids (produced water) such as pH, hydration time, ionic strength, and suspended solids, collected the corresponding optimal ranges for these parameters in laboratory tests, and reported some of the validity of the findings under actual conditions in field trials around the world.Most studies demonstrated the feasibility of using untreated produced water as a base fluid for crosslinked gel-based hydraulic fracturing. Through adjusting the hydration time, the gel loading, and the amount of breakers applied, it is conceivable that crosslinked gels with optimal rheological characteristics can be formulated with untreated produced water. Multiple generations of guar- and CMHPG-based crosslinked fracturing fluids, developed with 100% untreated produced water, exhibited optimal viscosities exceeding 200 cp at 40 s−1 for at least 60 minutes.The ability to provide fracturing fluids with high-salinity produced water can be a successful water conservation approach and an attractive solution for enhancing operation economics. Some studies indicated that using produced water can be better than freshwater because the produced water is more compatible with the reservoir and may be less likely to cause conditions such as salinity shock, which can damage the formation. More studies are needed to understand the associated technical challenges further.
Heterologous Expression of ZmNF-YA12 Confers Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Zheng Dengyu , Zhang Chun , Wu Zhongyi , Yu Rong , Zhang Zhongbao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Drought and salinity are serious environmental factors limiting the growth and productivity of plants worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to develop ways to improve drought and salinity stress tolerance in plants. In this study, a drought-responsive nuclear factor Y subunit A gene, ZmNF-YA12, was cloned from maize. qPCR revealed ZmNF-YA12 transcript in all vegetative and reproductive tissues, with higher levels in young roots. Expression analyses of maize revealed that ZmNF-YA12 was induced by abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abiotic stresses, including dehydration, high salinity, cold, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. The heterologous expression of ZmNF-YA12 in Arabidopsis plants resulted in increased root length and better plant growth than in wild-type (WT) plants under conditions of mannitol, salt, and JA stress on 1/2 MS medium. Transgenic Arabidopsis showed improved tolerance to drought and salt stresses in soil, and higher proline content and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than WT controls. The transgenic plants also maintained higher peroxidase (POD) activities than WT plants under conditions of NaCl stress. A yeast two-hybrid experiment demonstrated that ZmNF-YA12 interacted with ZmNF-YC1 and ZmNF-YC15. Moreover, the transcript levels of stress-responsive genes (RD29A, RD29B, RAB18, and RD22) were markedly increased in transgenic lines under conditions of drought and salt stress. These observations suggested that the ZmNF-YA12 gene confers drought and salt stress tolerance, and has potential applications in molecular breeding with maintenance of production under conditions of stress.