bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young giants of intermediate mass
Authors: Lombardo Linda , François Patrick , Bonifacio Piercarlo , Caffau Elisabetta , del Mar Matas Pinto Aroa , Charbonnel Corinne , Meynet Georges , Monaco Lorenzo , Cescutti Gabriele , Mucciarelli Alessio 
Published: October 2021

Context.In the search of a sample of metal-poor bright giants using Strömgren photometry, we serendipitously found a sample of 26 young (ages younger than 1 Gyr) metal-rich giants, some of which have high rotational velocities.Aims.We determined the chemical composition and rotational velocities of these stars in order to compare them with predictions from stellar evolution models. These stars where of spectral type A to B when on the main sequence, and we therefore wished to compare their abundance pattern to that of main-sequence A and B stars.Methods.Stellar masses were derived by comparison of the position of the stars in the colour-magnitude diagram with theoretical evolutionary tracks. These masses, together withGaiaphotometry and parallaxes, were used to derive the stellar parameters. We used spectrum synthesis and model atmospheres to determine chemical abundances for 16 elements (C, N, O, Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, Sr, Y, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu) and rotational velocities.Results.The age-metallicity degeneracy can affect photometric metallicity calibrations. We identify 15 stars as likely binary stars. All stars are in prograde motion around the Galactic centre and belong to the thin-disc population. All but one of the sample stars present low [C/Fe] and high [N/Fe] ratios together with constant [(C+N+O)/Fe], suggesting that they have undergone CNO processing and first dredge-up. The observed rotational velocities are in line with theoretical predictions of the evolution of rotating stars.
Le Carrière Motion Appliance (CMA) dans les Classes II subdivisions
Authors: Queralto Isabel 
Published: October 2021

La Classe II subdivision est une malocclusion asymétrique de Classe II. Elle peut être d’origine dentaire, maxillaire, mandibulaire ou mixte.
Si son diagnostic étiologique est primordial pour une stabilité des résultats, sa prise en charge après nivellement des arcades peut rallonger le temps de traitement.
Le Carrière Motion Appliance (CMA) est un outil simple et efficient, dont l’utilisation s’est largement développée cette dernière décennie. Il a été présenté par Luis Carrière en 2004 comme un dispositif de correction inter-maxillaire de la Classe II. Les principes cliniques du CMA sont basés sur l’obtention de la Classe I dès le début du traitement quand la coopération du patient est la plus importante, l’alignement dentaire et l’intercuspidation se poursuivant dans un deuxième temps, aussi bien en technique multibague que par aligneurs. Outre son efficience, la possibilité de suivi à distance en période de pandémie en fait un outil de choix incontestable de notre arsenal ortho-dontique.
Ce dispositif orthodontique est présenté le plus souvent chez les patients Classe II brachyfaciaux. À présent, un diagnostic étiologique préalable de la malocclusion ainsi que la compréhension de la mécanique du CMA, utilisé seul ou en association avec des mini-vis d’ancrage, nous permettent d’en étendre son utilisation aux Classe II subdivisons d’origine aussi bien maxillaire, mandibulaire que mixte.
Efficient current-driven magnetization switching owing to isotropic magnetism in a highly symmetric 111-oriented Mn4N epitaxial single layer
Authors: Isogami Shinji , Rajamanickam Nagalingam , Kozuka Yusuke , Takahashi Yukiko K. 
Published: October 2021

We investigated in-plane current-induced magnetization switching in a Mn4N epitaxial single layer. Efficient magnetization switching was detected via the measurement of anomalous Hall resistivity after the application of current pulses, with a duration of 1 s, to the 111-oriented Mn4N film compared with a reference 001-oriented Mn4N film. The threshold current density of magnetization switching with 0.5 s pulse durations, Jc ≈ 1 MA/cm2, was relatively low compared with that reported for magnetic tunnel junctions and/or ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayer systems. The relatively low Jc in the 111-oriented film was attributed to the low magnetic anisotropy on the (111) plane of Mn4N owing to the isotropic crystal symmetry as revealed by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy as a reduced switching barrier boosts the probability of magnetization switching. It was concluded that manipulation of the magnetic anisotropy based on the crystal orientation is one of the promising approaches to develop materials suitable for application in highly efficient switching devices with Mn4N layers.
Reduction in gene expression noise by targeted increase in accessibility at gene loci
Authors: Fraser LaTasha C. R. , Dikdan Ryan J. , Dey Supravat , Singh Abhyudai , Tyagi Sanjay 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Many genes in higher organisms are transcribed intermittently rather than continuously. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon, which is often referred to as “noise” in gene expression, are not clear. Building on previous work, we show that this behavior arises because the regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes are usually sequestered within dense chromatin and become accessible to transcription factors only intermittently because of random local decondensation events in chromatin. We constitutively opened the chromatin at the promoters of two genes, which resulted in a reduction in the noise in their transcription. This perturbation reveals that the natural compaction of chromatin is responsible for noisy gene expression and also shows a route to selectively reducing the transcriptional noise from particular genes.
COVID-19 cynomolgus macaque model reflecting human COVID-19 pathological conditions
Authors: Urano Emiko , Okamura Tomotaka , Ono Chikako , Ueno Shiori , Nagata Satoshi , Kamada Haruhiko , Higuchi Mahoko , Furukawa Mugi , Kamitani Wataru , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Yasutomi Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2021

Significance
COVID-19 has shown severe pathogenicity in people with underlying diseases and in elderly people. It is necessary to elucidate the pathological conditions in patients with underlying diseases and in elderly patients. The use of appropriate animal models of COVID-19 is required for the development of pharmaceutical products; however, usually healthy young animals are used as experimental animals. Cynomolgus macaques with various clinical conditions and ages were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and there was a difference in pathological condition between young individuals and old-aged individuals with underlying diseases; therefore, the COVID-19 cynomolgus monkey model reflecting the pathophysiology of humans would be useful for elucidating the pathophysiology and developing therapeutic and prophylactic agents.
Improving health and economic security by reducing work schedule uncertainty
Authors: Harknett Kristen , Schneider Daniel , Irwin Véronique 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Alongside wages, work schedules are a fundamental component of job quality, yet work schedules are largely unregulated in the US labor market. In 2017, Seattle became the second large US city to pass fair workweek legislation. Seattle’s Secure Scheduling ordinance aims to increase schedule predictability by requiring employers to provide 2 wk notice of work schedules, among other provisions. Our paper shows that Seattle’s law not only increased schedule predictability but also improved subjective well-being, sleep quality, and economic security. The law had no effect on reports of psychological distress. Using the natural experiment afforded by Seattle’s fair workweek law, we provide causal evidence that uncertainty about work time has harmful effects on worker happiness, sleep quality, and material hardship.
Relative entropy effects on the processing of spoken Romanian verbs
Authors: Nenadić Filip , Milin Petar , Tucker Benjamin V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A multitude of studies show the relevance of both inflectional paradigms (word form frequency distributions, i.e.,
inflectional entropy) and inflectional classes (whole class frequency distributions) for visual lexical processing. Their
interplay has also been proven significant, measured as the difference between paradigm and class frequency distributions
(relative entropy). Relative entropy effects have now been recorded in nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositional phrases.
However, all of these studies used visual stimuli – either written words or picture-naming tasks. The goal of our study is to test
whether the effects of relative entropy can also be captured in the auditory modality. Forty young native speakers of Romanian
(60% female) living in Serbia as part of the Romanian ethnic minority participated in an auditory lexical decision task. Stimuli
were 168 Romanian verbs from two inflectional classes. Verbs were presented in four forms: present and imperfect 1st person
singular, present 3rd person plural, and imperfect 2nd person plural. The results show that relative entropy influences both
response accuracy and response latency. We discuss alternative operationalizations of relative entropy and how they can help us
test hypotheses about the structure of the mental lexicon.
The impact of embodied simulation in vocabulary learning
Authors: Versace Rémy , Bailloud Nicolas , Magnan Annie , Ecalle Jean 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to demonstrate the multisensory nature of vocabulary knowledge by using learning designed to encourage the simulation of sensorimotor experiences.Forty participants were instructed to learn pseudowords together with arbitrary definitions, either by mentally experiencing (sensorimotor simulation) the definitions, or by mentally repeating them. A test phase consisting of three tasks was then administered: in a recognition task, participants had to recognize learned pseudowords among distractors. In a categorization task, they had to categorize pseudowords as representing either living or non-living items. Finally, in a sentence completion task, participants had to decide whether pseudowords were congruent with context sentences. As expected, the sensorimotor simulation condition induced better performances only in the categorization task and the sentence completion task. The results converge with data from the literature in demonstrating that knowledge emergence implies sensorimotor simulation and showing that vocabulary learning can benefit from encoding that encourages the simulation of sensorimotor experiences.
Progress on growth of metal halide perovskites by vapor-phase synthesis and their applications
Authors: Xiang Yang , Mo Xindi , Li Xing , Huang Keqing , He Pei , Dai Guozhang , Yang Junliang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) show excellent optoelectronic properties and exhibit great potential applications in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells (SCs), photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and so on. Vapor-phase synthesis provides an important way to grow large-scale, high-quality MHP thin films and micro-/nanostructures, exhibiting wide applications in constructing all kinds of optoelectronic devices. In this review, we systematically summarize the growth of perovskite thin film and the nano-/microstructure by vapor-phase synthesis. The detailed classification of vapor-phase synthesis is first introduced, and the effects of the substrates on the growth process are discussed subsequently. Then, the applications of perovskite thin films and micro-/nanostructures grown by vapor-phase synthesis in SCs, photodetectors, LEDs, lasers, and so forth, are discussed in detail. Finally, the conclusions and outlook are presented.
Development of a novel microforce-generating machine based on a force generation method using electromagnetic force
Authors: Zhu Junfang , Hayashi Toshiyuki , Nishino Atsuhiro , Ogushi Koji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a microforce-generating machine using electromagnetic force based on the principles of a Kibble balance to establish microforce traceability for ensuring the reliability of microforce measurements. We proposed a rotary-type microforce-generating machine using a combination of a balancing arm, a coil, and magnets. The microforce was generated through the balancing arm from the electromagnetic torque acting between the coil and magnets. The device eigenvalue, which served as the proportionality factor associated with the magnetic and geometric properties, was evaluated experimentally. The relationships between the eigenvalue and the temperature of the neodymium magnets, the rotation direction of the neodymium magnets, and the inclination of the balancing arm were discussed. The repeatability and reproducibility of the realized microforce were evaluated at force steps of 10 and 20 mN, and they were in the range of 3.8 × 10−5–3.9 × 10−4. We demonstrated that a microforce transducer could be calibrated using the proposed machine.
Synthesis of transparent bio-electrodes for biophysiological measurements based on modified graphene oxide
Authors: Maher Ashraf , Mahmoud Mohamed S , Saba Ashraf Mahroos Said 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this work was to fabricate smart nanocomposite transparent conductive biophysiological electrodes based on modified graphene oxide (GO). The GO is abundant, flexible conductors that can be formulated as a transparent sheet and thereby alleviate the drawbacks of using indium tin oxide in transparent electrodes, like its scarcity, brittleness, and cost. GO was synthesized by a modified version of Hummers’ method under highly acidic conditions with sulfuric acid and showed good distribution at a high temperature of 90 °C. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a polymer host in the composite. Glycerol (Gl) was used to increase the flexibility and conductivity through an esterification reaction. Characteristic techniques were used to detect the morphology and structure of GO fillers and their polymer composites, such as transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The GO/Gl/PVA transparent nanocomposite was tested for the synthesis of electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrodermal (EDA) electrodes. The Biopac device was used to evaluate the behavior of the GO/Gl/PVA plastic transparent electrode in comparison to the GO/Gl/PVA black electrode and a commercial one. The results indicated improved efficiency of the GO/Gl/PVA ECG transparent electrode. The GO/Gl/PVA EDA electrode produced signals with higher conductivity and lower noise than the commercial electrode.
Experimental investigation of performance tailoring of the multifunctional sensor using transition metal (Fe) doped ZnO nanorods synthesized via a facile solution-based method
Authors: Ramany Kiruthika , Shankararajan Radha , Savarimuthu Kirubaveni , Venkatachalapathi Shyamala , Gunasekaran Iyappan , Rajamanickam Govindaraj , Perumalsamy Ramasamy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A systematic interpretation of the undoped and Fe doped ZnO based multifunctional sensor developed employing economic and facile low-temperature hydrothermal method is reported. The tailoring of the performance improvement of the sensor was deliberately carried out using varied concentration (1, 3 and 5 Wt%) of Fe dopant in ZnO nanorods. The structural and morphological analysis reveal the undisturbed ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure formation and 1D morphology grown even when the dopant is added. The optical property study evidences a decreased bandgap (3.10 eV) and decreased defects of 5 Wt% of Fe dopant in ZnO nanorods based sensor compared to the undoped one. The electrical process transpiring in the tailored multifunctional sensor is investigated using photoconductivity and impedance analysis elucidates proper construction of p–n junction between the piezoelectric n-type active layer (undoped and Fe doped ZnO nanorods) and p-type PEDOT:PSS ((poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate)) and reduced internal resistance of 5 Wt% of Fe dopant in ZnO nanorods based sensor (131.97 Ω) respectively. The investigation on the experimental piezoelectric acceleration and gas sensing validation and the performance measurement were interpreted using test systems. A revamped output voltage of 3.71 V for 1 g input acceleration and a comprehensive sensitivity of 7.17 V g−1 was achieved for the 5 Wt% of Fe dopant in ZnO nanorods based sensor sensor. Similarly, an upgraded sensitivity of 2.04 and 6.75 for 5 Wt% of Fe dopant in ZnO nanorods based sensor was obtained when exposed to 10 ppm of target gases namely CO and CH4 respectively at room temperature. Appending to this, acceptable stability of the sensor for both the sensing (acceleration and gas) was also attained manifesting its prospective application in multifunctional based systems like sewage systems.
Low-speed flutter of artificial stalk-leaf and its application in wind energy harvesting
Authors: Wang Kun , Xia Wei , Lin Tianlong , Wu Jianmin , Hu Shuling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Developing wind energy harvester (WEH) by mimicking the leaf flutter may provide an innovative way for increasing the power efficiency and decreasing the cut-in speed. The low-speed flutter mechanism of the stalk-leaf system is investigated through introducing a frictionless hinge into the stalk-leaf finite element model. The aeroelastic system is established by the usage of doublet-lattice aerodynamics and the spline interpolation between structural motion and flow downwash. The critical flutter speed and frequency are analyzed via V-g method. The evolution of damping and frequency with wind speed which various from static air to Beaufort level 5 are simulated. The influence of inclined angle of the stalk on the flutter characteristics is studied. The stainless-steel artificial stalk-leaf systems with inclined angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° are fabricated and tested in wind tunnel. The wind energy harvesting performance is also measured by attaching macro-fiber composite patches on root of the stalk. It is found that the 30° stalk-leaf WEH has the lowest critical flutter speed, while the energy harvesting output (voltage and power) increases slowly with the increase of the wind speed. On the contrary, although the 90° stalk-leaf (vertical stalk) WEH has the steepest velocity-voltage and velocity-power curve, it also has the highest cut-in speed. In the preliminary tests, the 30° stalk-leaf WEH outputs steady power density of 47.46 μW cm−3 with stable oscillating frequency of 6.6 Hz at 11 m s−1 wind, while the 90° stalk-leaf WEH outputs power density of 92.88 μW cm−3 with oscillating frequency of 7.2 Hz at the same wind speed. The stalk-leaf design presents a possible way to balance the performance between the high efficiency and the low cut-in speed for the WEHs.
Bio-inspired soft bistable actuator with dual actuations
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhou Hongyu , Kang Hanwen , Au Wesley , Chen Chao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Soft bending actuators, as one of the most important components of soft robotics, have attracted significantly increasing attention due to their robustness, compliance, inherent safety, and ease of manufacture. However, the key disadvantages can be the low output force, slow response speed, large deformation and vibration, which can potentially be addressed by introducing a bistable mechanism enabled by a prestressed steel shell. This work proposes a novel soft actuator with bistable property, which can maintain the predefined initial state and enhance bending motion at the corresponding stable state. A novel dual-actuation mechanism, which utilises pneumatic pressure for closing and tendon-driven for opening process, is proposed for autonomous transition between both states, and for a fast response. Mathematical model is proposed and compared with the experimental result for triggering pressure, which serves as a threshold to activate the transition of the stable state. Experimental results also indicate that closing and opening speeds are enhanced by 9.82% and more than ten times, respectively, as compared with the existing pneumatic bistable reinforced actuator design. Mathematical and experimental results suggest that a programmable bending angle at the second stable state can also be achieved by adjusting the preset tendon extension. The tendon arrangement also acts as a passive damping mechanism to reduce the oscillation while closing. The damping ratio is increased by more than four times, indicating that the oscillation decay is significantly accelerated for quick stabilization. Finally, a three-finger soft gripper is developed based on the proposed actuator design, which demonstrates promising performance in grasping objects with various shapes and sizes. The experimental results also show that the proposed bistable gripper can grasp the object with a weight up to 2067 g, which is more than 17 times heavier than that of three actuators.
Design and fabrication of a crawling robot based on a soft actuator
Authors: Li Junfeng , Chen Songyu , Sun Minjie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inspired by biological systems, soft crawling robots provide unique advantages in terms of resilience and adaptive shaping during robotic motion. However, soft robots actuated by motors and pumps are usually heavy, noisy and bulky. In this paper, based on the principle of liquid-vapor changes of ethanol, a novel soft crawling robot that demonstrates more silent actuation and lighter weight compared with other robots is proposed. To increase the crawling speed of the robot, silicone mixed with liquid metal with a volume ratio of 20% is used to fabricate the actuators. The deformation of the actuator is analyzed and can be predicted using a theoretical model. To obtain effective crawling performance, a crawling locomotion sequence consisting of the three different parts (central, head and tail) based on the variable friction mechanism of actuators B and C is presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the robot can achieve forward movement on a horizontal surface and along vertical pipes and sticks. This study will provide further inspiration and guidance for the future development of crawling robots.
Dielectric metasurface for high-precision detection of large unilamellar vesicles
Authors: Conteduca D , Quinn S D , Krauss T F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are very promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cardiovascular, infectious and neurodegenerative disorders. Of particular relevance is their importance in cancer liquid biopsy, where they play a key role in the early detection and monitoring of the tumour. A number of technologies have recently been developed to improve the performance of current EV detection methods, but a technique that can provide high resolution, high accuracy and a multiplexing capability for the detection of several biomarkers in parallel remains a challenge in this field. Here, we demonstrate the detection of large unilamellar vesicles, which are excellent models of EVs, down to a concentration <103 EV ml−1 (<10 pM) using a dielectric resonant metasurface. This result represents an improvement in performance and functionality compared to competing plasmonic and electrochemical modalities and is due to the strong resonance amplitude and high Q-factor of our metasurface. We also verify the selectivity of the approach by detecting vesicles that have been surface-functionalised with a CD9 protein. The ease of integration of our method into a point-of-care instrument offers a path towards personalised cancer medicine.