bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive analysis of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhao Liang , Zhang Yang , Li Fang‐Fang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEven though immunotherapy has been an effective treatment for solid tumors, its efficacy in osteosarcoma remains sub‐optimal. It is therefore imperative to understand the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma to facilitate the development of immunotherapies against this cancer.MethodsThe mRNA expression profiles of osteosarcoma tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Next, the ssGSEA, MCP‐counter, CIBERSORT, and Xcell algorithm analyses were performed to characterize the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma tissues. The tumor tissues were divided into inflammatory and non‐inflammatory. A comprehensive assessment of immune cell infiltration in osteosarcoma tissues was then performed. Sub‐group analysis of immune cell infiltration between men and women patients with osteosarcoma was also carried out.ResultsThe results revealed that the infiltration of immune cells including activated B cell, activated CD8 T cell, CD56dim natural killer cell, and cytotoxic lymphocytes cells, in osteosarcoma tissues was higher in male than in female patients. Based on the infiltration profile of different immune cells, the osteosarcoma tissues were grouped into four clusters. The four clusters were further divided into hot and cold tumors. The differently expressed genes (DEGs) between cold and hot tumors were mainly associated with the activation and regulation of immune response. Additionally, a neuronal pentraxin (NPTX2) expression which was upregulated in cold tumors was found to be negatively correlated with the expression of CD8a Molecule (CD8A), Granzyme B (GZMB), and Interferon Gamma (IFNG). NPTX2 decreased CCL4 secretion. Knockdown of NPTX2 in osteosarcoma cells inhibited tumor growth and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, a prognosis prediction model of osteosarcoma was constructed and validated in patients receiving immunotherapy using external data.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the infiltration of immune cells in osteosarcoma tissues from patients receiving immune infiltration therapy.
Total Flavonoids of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. Leaves Alleviated Foam Cells Formation through AKT/mTOR‐Mediated Autophagy in the Progression of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wei Jie , Huang Liangliang , Li Dongmei , He Junhui , Li Yanjing , He Fei , Fang Weirong , Wei Guining 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEngelhardia roxburghiana Wall. is a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating cardiovascular diseases. Our previous study has implicated potential effects of total flavonoids of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. (TFER) against hyperlipidemia. The aim of the study is to uncover the effects and underlying mechanisms of TFER on foam cells formation after atherosclerosis. We used high fat diet (HFD) induced Apoe‐/‐ mice and oxidized density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) induced THP‐1 cells to mimic process of atherosclerosis in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Lipid accumulation, inflammation response, autophagosomes formation and expressions of autophagy related target genes were assessed. Our present study demonstrated TFER (500 mg/kg) alleviated macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation in thoracic aortas of HFD‐treated mice. In ox‐LDL‐treated THP‐1 cells, MDC staining and Western blot analysis all indicated that the TFER (200 μg/ml) reduced foam cells formation and IL‐1β releasing, activated autophagy through suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling, significantly regulating expressions of AKT, p‐AKT, mTOR, p‐mTOR, Beclin 1, LC3‐II, p62. It is suggested that TFER alleviated atherosclerosis progression in vivo and in vitro through reducing foam cells formation and inflammatory responses, and the possible mechanism may be due to the activation of macrophage autophagy by inhibiting AKT and mTOR phosphorylation.
Recent Developments and Strategies for Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions
Authors: Hu Yun , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, several different metal‐free bioorthogonal reactions have been developed to enable simultaneous double‐click labeling with minimal‐to‐no competing cross‐reactivities; such transformations are termed ‘mutually orthogonal’. More recently, several examples of successful triple ligation strategies have also been described. In this minireview, we discuss selected aspects of the development of orthogonal bioorthogonal reactions over the past decade, including general strategies to drive future innovations to achieve simultaneous, mutually orthogonal click reactions in one pot.
KCs2[Pb2Br5(HCOO)2]: A Polar 3D Lead‐Bromide Framework Exhibiting Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation Response
Authors: Zhou Zi‐Qi , Shui Qi‐Rui , Fu Rui‐Biao , Fang Yuan‐Bin , Ma Zu‐Ju , Wu Xin‐Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe discovery of new nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with excellent properties is in urgently demand because of their ability to generate coherent light. Herein, we report an unique NLO lead bromide formate, KCs2[Pb2Br5 (HCOO)2], which has been synthesized by a mix‐solvothermal method. KCs2[Pb2Br5(HCOO)2] exhibits strong phase‐matching second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response (6.5×KDP), large birefringence (0.16@ 1064 nm), and a wide transparent window in most visible light and mid‐IR region. Interestingly, KCs2[Pb2Br5(HCOO)2] features a polar 3D lead‐bromide framework in which adjacent Pb−Br layers containing coplanar Pb6Br6 rings are not only parallel to each other, but also orient in the same direction. These oriented arrangements are responsible for the strong SHG response and large birefringence that are elucidated by both local dipole moment and theoretical calculations. This research provides a new strategy to explore subsequent NLO crystals.
Ytterbium (II) Hydride as a Powerful Multielectron Reductant
Authors: Richardson Georgia M. , Douair Iskander , Cameron Scott A. , Maron Laurent , Anker Mathew D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA dimeric β‐diketiminato ytterbium(II) hydride affects both the two‐electron aromatization of 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene (COT) and the more challenging two‐electron reduction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, including naphthalene (E0=−2.60 V). Confirmed by Density Functional Theory calculations, these reactions proceed via consecutive polarized Yb−H/C=C insertion and deprotonation steps to provide the respective ytterbium (II) inverse sandwich complexes and hydrogen gas. These observations highlight the ability of a simple ytterbium(II) hydride to act as a powerful two‐electron reductant at room temperature without the necessity of an external electron to initiate the reaction and avoiding radicaloid intermediates.
Unified adaptive deep classification for industrial real‐time situation awareness in edge environment
Authors: Xu Rongbin , Liu Zhiqiang , Lin Yuanmo , Feng Xianliang , Lin Hui , Xie Ying 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe rapidly growing information technologies such as cloud computing, edge computing, artificial intelligence offer cutting‐edge technical means for virtual reality of industrial manufacturing process. An efficient and accurate method for situation awareness (SA) to monitor the process of marginal layer plays an essential role to enhance the safety of industrial equipment. In this study, a manufacturing life cycle is described and characterized as operation and remote controlling of industrial machineries. The edge servers are first employed to track physical devices. Then a novel unified adaptive deep classification framework for SA with semi‐supervised classification method is developed to find unknown patterns in a huge amount of industrial data. Furthermore, a robust model based on the selection of adaptive local neighbor is proposed to find out an optimal weight and high similarity of neighbors. The combination of the proposed framework and model can realize real‐time SA of modern manufacturing the execution system. Plentiful experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed framework.
Discerning the adverse effects of psychological therapy: Consensus between experts by experience and therapists
Authors: Mc Glanaghy Edel , Jackson Jane‐Louise , Morris Paul , Prentice Wendy , Dougall Nadine , Hutton Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMeasurement of adverse effects of psychological therapy is inconsistent due to ambiguity about the concept. The perspective of people undertaking psychological therapy (that is, experts by experience) has largely been overlooked. This study will investigate whether there is consensus between the opinions of professionals and experts by experience. The Delphi method was used. In Round 1 thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative responses. Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to examine group differences in Rounds 2 and 3. The study protocol was prospectively registered, reference osf.io/f9wp7. Fifty‐one professionals and 51 experts by experience generated 147 potential adverse effects in Round 1, across 9 themes; including ‘therapy amplifies problem’, ‘emotional lability’ and ‘sense of self’. Each item was rated for overall consensus in Rounds 2 (n = 62) and 3 (n = 63). Thirty‐eight items were rated as essential, very important or important to include on a list of potential adverse effects. A further 12 items were rated as important by the expert by experience group only. Professionals were more conservative in their ratings. There appeared to be consensus between professionals and experts by experience on what to include in a list of adverse effects of psychological therapy (the EDAPT), including novel adverse effects which have not been previously considered. Further research is required to understand which adverse effects are necessary, unnecessary, or indeed harmful to psychotherapy outcomes.
Service users experience of psychological interventions in primary care settings: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Finazzi Emilia , MacBeth Angus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrimary care mental health services play a crucial role in public mental health by providing local and accessible psychological interventions that meet individuals' needs. Despite growing research investigating service users' perspectives of psychological interventions, a qualitative systematic review in this context is not available. The present meta‐synthesis collates the existing articles and gives a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies on service users' experience of psychological interventions in primary care.Multiple databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library) were searched for published qualitative studies of service users' experiences of psychological interventions delivered in primary care. Articles were included if they met inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. All types of psychological interventions were considered across model and delivery format (e.g., face‐to‐face, computerised programmes, and group). NVIVO was used to code the dataset and themes were extracted following thematic synthesis. Twenty‐two studies were included. Four analytical themes and 10 subthemes emerged. The identified themes were as follows: (1) ‘Access and Acceptability: facilitators and barriers’, (2) ‘Structural aspects’; (3) ‘Therapeutic process’ and (4) ‘Outcomes’. A model of interrelationships between themes is proposed. Findings suggest several ‘essential ingredients’ across psychological interventions and modalities. The crucial role of relational factors, the importance of assessing service users' perceptions of treatment features (e.g., remote delivery) and of tailoring the intervention to their needs were emphasised. Results also suggest involving service users more in discussions and decisions about psychological interventions offered might enhance access, acceptability, and engagement. Recommendations for practice and research are provided.
SPARK: A Transcriptional Assay for Recording Protein‐Protein Interactions in a Defined Time Window
Authors: Geng Lequn , Kroning Kayla E. , Wang Wenjing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProtein‐protein interactions (PPIs) are ubiquitously involved in cellular processes such as gene expression, enzymatic catalysis, and signal transduction. To study dynamic PPIs, real‐time methods such as Förster resonance energy transfer and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer can provide high temporal resolution, but they only allow PPI detection in a limited area at a time and do not permit post‐PPI analysis or manipulation of the cells. Integration methods such as the yeast two‐hybrid system and split protein systems integrate PPI signals over time and allow subsequent analysis, but they lose information on dynamics. To address some of these limitations, an assay named SPARK (Specific Protein Association tool giving transcriptional Readout with rapid Kinetics) has recently been published. Similar to many existing integrators, SPARK converts PPIs into a transcriptional signal. SPARK, however, also adds blue light as a co‐stimulus to achieve temporal gating; SPARK only records PPIs during light stimulation. Here, we describe the procedures for using SPARK assays to study a dynamic PPI of interest, including designing DNA constructs and optimization in HEK293T/17 cell cultures. These protocols are generally applicable to various PPI partners and can be used in different biological contexts. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Designing DNA constructs for SPARKBasic Protocol 2: Performing the SPARK assay in HEK293T/17 cell culturesSupport Protocol 1: Lentivirus preparationSupport Protocol 2: Immunostaining of SPARK components
Women of diverse sexual identities admit to eating disorder treatment with differential symptom severity but achieve similar clinical outcomes
Authors: Murray Matthew F. , Cox Shelbi A. , Henretty Jennifer R. , Haedt‐Matt Alissa A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSexual minority (SM) women may be at increased risk for certain eating disorder (ED) symptoms and report distinct body image concerns compared to heterosexual women. However, it is unclear how such symptoms differ across sexual orientations in treatment‐seeking women, or if there are differences in treatment outcomes. This study examined group differences in (1) ED symptomatology at admission in a disaggregated sample of SM and heterosexual women presenting for ED treatment and (2) treatment outcomes.MethodsAdult women who admitted to higher levels of ED treatment across 48 locations of one treatment center between 2015 and 2018 completed self‐report measures of ED symptomatology and quality of life (QOL) at admission and discharge. Participants identified their sexualities as heterosexual (n = 2,502, 80.2%), lesbian/gay (n = 134, 4.3%), bisexual (n = 270, 8.7%), “other” (n = 136, 4.4%), and unsure (n = 78, 2.5%). Objectives 1 and 2 were tested using one‐way and repeated measures analyses of variance, respectively.ResultsGroup differences at admission emerged between lesbian/gay and heterosexual, bisexual and heterosexual, and bisexual and “other”‐identified women on preoccupation and restriction, fasting, self‐induced vomiting, shape and weight concern, and QOL. Bisexual women, in particular, admitted with the highest severity and at younger ages compared to heterosexual women. Despite such differences, women across groups achieved similar treatment outcomes at discharge.DiscussionStudy findings underscore the importance of subgroup analyses of ED symptoms in SM women and have both clinical and research implications related to ED symptomatology in this population.
Mapping potential wildlife habitats around Haro Abba Diko controlled hunting area, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Erena Mosissa Geleta , Yesus Tekalegn G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRemote sensing and geographic information system technologies provide useful data to analyze and map potential wildlife habitats based on physical parameters collected from the field. HADCHA was established with a total area of 20,000 ha, while many more comparable potential wildlife habitats were left outside the area. This study aims to identify and map potential wildlife habitats around HADCHA. Data were collected using Landsat 5 thematic mapper and Sentinel‐2A satellite image, a digital elevation model with 30 m pixels downloaded from ASTER data, and existing GIS Shapefile layers. Thematic Mapper data were downloaded from USGS and processed with Erdas Imagine 2015 software. To evaluate potential wildlife habitat around HADCHA, habitat suitability parameters such as settlement, slope, water, and road buffer zones were used for habitat evaluation and mapping. Accordingly, 16,795 ha of potential wildlife habitats were identified and mapped on westwards of HADCHA. In the new PPWH, about 476.68 ha (2.84%) were moderately suitable, 14,119.17 ha (84.04%) suitable and 2,200.08 ha (13.10%) highly suitable but only 4.2 ha (0.02%) identified as unsuitable. Legal protection of the PPWH around HADCHA could increase the conservation of African buffalo, other mammals, and their habitats. While the mapped potential wildlife habitats had the potential to be parts of HADCHA, it was neglected and has not yet obtained conservation attention. The finding appeals for legal protection of the PPWH and expansion of HADCHA, which could maximize the conservation efforts taken to wild animals of the area. Neglecting this potential wildlife habitat for a long period of time exposed African buffalo and other large‐sized mammals to illegal hunting practices. Policymakers and conservationists shall revise and design the future action plan of HADCHA on how to expand the current‐controlled hunting area and maximize revenue generation from African buffalo and other potential trophy species of the area.
Development of Phospholipids Vesicular Nanocarrier for Topical Delivery of Tea Tree Oil in Management of Atopic Dermatitis Using BALB/c Mice Model
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Sharma Dinesh Kumar , Ashawat Mahendra Singh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with improved deposition in skin layers for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Ethosomes of TTO are developed using phosphatidylcholine (2% and 3% w/v) and ethanol (20%, 30%, and 40% w/v). Ethosomes are evaluated for percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug diffusion. Ethosomal creams with optimized ethosomal dispersion are developed and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, thermal stability, ex vivo permeation, skin retention, and in vitro cytotoxicity using HaCat skin cell lines in comparison to conventional creams of TTO. In vivo investigations of optimized creams are performed using BALB/c mice model. The %EE, vesicle size, and zeta potential for optimized ethosomes are found to be 76.19 ± 3.26%, 333.6 nm, and –35.3 mV, respectively. Ethosomal creams showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The optimized creams are non‐cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. The creams significantly reduce the inflammatory response by decreasing the clinical score and infiltration of white blood cells, eosinophils, and IgE antibodies. Overall efficacy of ethosomal cream is higher than conventional cream. In conclusion, optimized ethosomal cream of TTO shows good efficacy for treatment of AD.Practical applications: The method used for the formulation of ethosomes is simple and can be easily scaled up on the industrial level. The loading of TTO within ethosomes can increase the efficiency by enhanced drug deposition in the epidermis and might also improve its stability against oxidative degradation. Topical ethosomal cream of TTO can improve patient compliance by avoidance of adverse effects linked with corticosteroids and could be a possible complementary or alternative therapy in management of AD.
Early and late visual deprivation induce hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal noxious stimuli in the ZRDBA mouse
Authors: Touj Sara , Paquette Thierry , Bronchti Gilles , Piché Mathieu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVisual deprivation leads to behavioural adaptations. Early visual deprivation has greater effects on sensory systems compared with late visual deprivation. Although this has been well studied, the impact of visual deprivation on pain sensitivity has scarcely been investigated. In humans, one study indicates that pain sensitivity is increased in early, but not late‐onset blindness. In animals, one study indicates that sensitivity to noxious stimulation is increased in anophthalmic mice, but the impact of late visual deprivation on sensitivity remains unknown. The aim of this behavioural study was to examine sensitivity to noxious stimulation in mice with early and late visual deprivation. We hypothesized that visual deprivation would have different effects on sensitivity to noxious stimulation depending on its onset.MethodsIn Experiment 1, mechanical and thermal sensitivity was examined in four ZRDBA mouse groups: sighted mice, anophthalmic mice, dark‐reared sighted mice and adult sighted mice deprived of vision for one week. In Experiment 2, mechanical and thermal sensitivity was examined in adult sighted ZRDBA mice deprived of vision for two months.ResultsAnophthalmic and dark‐reared mice showed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, while the one‐week visual deprivation did not alter sensitivity. The two‐month deprivation also resulted in mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity.ConclusionsThese results indicate that early visual deprivation, regardless of the integrity of the visual system, induces hypersensitivity. Moreover, the present findings indicate that late visual deprivation may induce mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, although this depends on visual deprivation duration. These results have implications for the biological significance of pain in the blind.SignificanceSensory deprivation induces behavioural adaptions. For most sensory systems, the extent of these adaptations generally depends on the stage of cerebral development. In contrast, the present results indicate that for the nociceptive system, both early and late visual deprivation have similar effects. Anophthalmic, dark‐reared mice and adult mice deprived of vision for two months showed thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. This shows a clear interaction between visual and nociceptive systems and has implications for the biological significance of pain in the blind.