bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late gadolinium enhancement characteristics in giant cell myocarditis
Authors: Yang Shujuan , Chen Xiuyu , Li Jinghui , Sun Yang , Song Jialin , Wang Hongyue , Zhao Shihua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to demonstrate the characteristics of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with giant cell myocarditis (GCM).Methods and resultsSix patients histologically diagnosed with GCM were retrospectively recruited in this study. All of them underwent CMR during hospitalization. The distribution and extent of LGE were assessed on both ventricles, and the AHA‐17 segment model was used for left ventricular (LV) analysis. Nine case reports with CMR in GCM were reviewed and summarized to investigate the features of LGE further. LGE was detected on both ventricular walls in all subjects. For a detailed analysis of LGE in the LV, the extent ranged from 21.6% to 56%. Among 70 segments (68.6%) involved by LGE, the subendocardial LGE was the most common pattern (46/102, including 24 segments located in the right‐sided septum), followed by the subepicardial pattern (23/102). The right‐sided septum, the subepicardial anterior wall, and the subendocardial right ventricular (RV) wall were observed in all subjects. To summarize the results of the present study with these case reports, the three most common patterns of LGE are the right‐sided septum (73%), the subepicardial anterior wall (60%), and the subendocardial RV wall (53%).ConclusionsExtensive LGE seems to be common in GCM, affecting both LV and RV walls. Apart from subepicardial LGE, subendocardial LGE, which was used to be implicated in ischaemic disease, was frequently presented in GCM. The right‐sided subendocardial septum, the subepicardial anterior wall, and the subendocardial RV wall might be the vulnerable areas of LGE in GCM.
A bibliometric analysis of food safety governance research from 1999 to 2019
Authors: Shen Cong , Wei Mingxia , Sheng Yilong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the number of food governance‐related studies increased rapidly in the recent decade, the current academic research still lacked systematic integration of food safety governance. To clarify the development trends of research therein, this study summarized research articles concerning food safety governance by the Web of Science Core Collection. An in‐depth bibliometric analysis was then conducted through CiteSpace to summarize the current characters and hot spots of food safety governance research, and predicted future research trends. Results showed that food safety governance was multidisciplinary, which included environmental science, food science, economics, and agriculture. The United States had the largest number of relevant articles, and Wageningen University was the most influential scientific research institution. Among all the journals in this field, Food Policy ranked the first in publication volume and co‐citation frequency. The development of food safety governance research was divided into three processes, namely the separate formulation of the standards for public and private sectors, the joint implementation of these standards, and co‐governance by multiple sectors. The most popular research hot spots in this field were food safety policy integration and public–private partnership of food safety governance. Lower‐ and middle‐income countries focused more on food supply and food system design, and regrettably not on food safety. Higher‐income countries cared more about food safety and food nutrition. Besides, researchers of higher‐income countries also concentrated on consumers' voices in participating in food safety governance. Food safety co‐governance, online food governance, the willingness to buy safe food, and food safety governance under pandemics were considered as future research directions.
Corporate social impact and auditor changes
Authors: Han Shipeng , Rezaee Zabihollah , Tuo Ling , Wu Jia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCorporate social impact has great influence on companies’ financial and litigation risk. Especially, corporate social irresponsibility raises auditors’ concerns about audit risk. Prior research finds that auditors charge higher audit fees to companies engaging in social irresponsible activities. In this study, we investigate the potential effects of corporate social impact on auditor–client relationship. Our results suggest that the likelihood of auditor changes is greater for the socially irresponsible companies and increases with severity. Additional tests suggest that socially irresponsible companies are more likely to have disagreements with their departing auditors and change to smaller auditors. Our findings are robust under different measures and specifications. Our study contributes to the literature by providing incremental evidence that auditors integrate clients’ social impact into their risk management and client selection. Our findings suggest that corporate social impact has become another determinant of auditor–client relationship and has profound effect on audit market competition.
Addressing the Pandemic Training Deficiency: Filling the Void with Simulation in Facial Reconstruction
Authors: Yang Shiayin F. , Powell Allison , Srinivasan Sudharsan , Kim Jennifer C. , Baker Shan R. , Green Glenn E. , Zopf David A. 
Published: March 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo assess the use of a three‐dimensional (3D) printed, multilayer facial flap model for use in trainee education as an alternative method of teaching surgical techniques of facial reconstruction.Study DesignCohort study.MethodsA 3D printed facial flap simulator was designed from a computed tomography scan and manufactured out of silicone for low‐cost, high‐fidelity simulation. This simulator was tested by a group of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery trainees at a single institution. The simulator group was compared to a control group who completed an exercise on a traditional paper facial flap exercise. Both groups underwent didactic lectures prior to completing their respective exercises. Pre‐ and post‐exercise Likert scale surveys measuring experience, understanding, effectiveness, and realism were completed by both groups. Central tendency, variability, and confidence intervals were measured to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsTrainees completing the facial flap simulator reported a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in overall expertise in facial flap procedures, design of facial flaps, and excision of standing cutaneous deformities. No statistically significant improvement was seen in the control group.ConclusionsTrainees found the facial flap simulator to be an effective and useful training tool with a high level of realism in surgical education of facial reconstruction. Surgical simulators can serve as an adjunct to trainee education, especially during extraordinary times such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which significantly impacted surgical training.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2444–E2448, 2021
Development and Characterization of a Novel Hydrogel for the Decontaminating of Radionuclide‐Contaminated Skin Wounds
Authors: Cui Feng‐Mei , Wu Zhuo‐Jun , Zhao Rui , Chen Qiu , Liu Zhi‐Yong , Zhao Ying , Yan Hong‐Bing , Shen Guo‐Liang , Tu Yu , Zhou Ding‐Hua , Diwu Juan , Hou Jun , Hu Liang , Wang Guo‐Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDesigning skin decontaminating materials with outstanding therapeutic effects, adhesiveness, and suitable mechanical property has great practical significance in radionuclide‐contaminated skin wound healing. Here, a physically crosslinked hydrogel is constructed via hydrogen bonding of poly acrylamide, sodium alginate (SA), and the complexing agent diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The physical and chemical properties of the poly(AAm‐SA‐DTPA) hydrogel (PASD) are detected according to established methods. The decontaminating property and skin wound healing of the PASD are investigated to confirm multi‐functions of wound dressing. The physical and chemical properties results show that the synthesis of the PASD hydrogel is effective and that DTPA is present in the hydrogel. The hydrogel also shows great mechanical and swelling properties. In vitro tests find that PASD shows significant scavenging abilities for strontium and cerium. In vivo experiments show that the PASD hydrogel can remove radioactive strontium from the skin wounds of mice, and can effectively prevent the absorption of radioactive strontium through the skin wound. Furthermore, the PASD hydrogel can effectively promote the formation of granulation tissue in a radioactive contaminated wound. Taken together, the PASD hydrogels, which has good mechanical properties and radionuclides decontamination, is expected to be used as a dressing for radionuclide‐contaminated skin wound healing.
Biodiversity citizen science: Outcomes for the participating citizens
Authors: Peter Maria , Diekötter Tim , Höffler Tim , Kremer Kerstin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCitizen science (CS) is regarded as a promising format in environmental and sustainability education as well as in science education. CS projects often assume that participation in the project influences, for example, participants' knowledge or behaviour.We investigated whether and to what extent biodiversity citizen science (BDCS) projects, from the participants' self‐reported perspective, achieve the following six participant outcomes: (a) content, process and nature of science knowledge, (b) skills of science inquiry, (c) self‐efficacy for science and the environment, (d) interest in science and the environment, (e) motivation for science and the environment and (f) behaviour towards the environment.For this purpose, we conducted an online survey of 1,160 CS participants across 63 BDCS projects in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Our survey was aimed at adults participating in CS voluntarily.Survey respondents reported positive changes in all six categories. The most notable result across projects was that self‐reported increases in knowledge, self‐efficacy, interest and motivation were found to be more pronounced when regarding the environment rather than science. Perceived gains in data collection skills were reported to be higher than gains in skills not directly connected to data collection. Reported behaviour changes primarily concerned communication activities, to a lesser degree also gardening activities, and finally more general environmental behaviour.In addition to these six participant outcomes, respondents mentioned a variety of other positive and negative outcomes, for example, health and well‐being, enjoyment, a sense of satisfaction, an increased connection to people and nature but also a more pessimistic view regarding the future of the environment.We conclude that BDCS projects could have a high potential for environmental and sustainability education as well as science education. Further research should investigate individual participant outcomes in more depth and should focus on the factors that influence these participant outcomes. Moreover, exploring the perspectives of both project participants and project coordinators would be valuable. In this way, it would be possible to improve the development and design of CS projects. As a result, BDCS projects could more effectively achieve outcomes for the participants, for science and for biodiversity.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Cathelicidin levels in nasal secretions are associated with the severity of acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Papadaki Maria , Marmarinos Antonios , Tsolia Maria , Gourgiotis Dimitrios , Soldatou Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of serum vitamin D and nasal secretion antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) levels with the severity of acute bronchiolitis.Study designWe conducted a prospective single pediatric tertiary care center cohort study of inpatients aged 0–18 months with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis from November 1st 2014 to April 30th 2017. Disease severity was determined by the length of hospitalization and supplemental hospital data. Qualitative measurements included serum 25(OH)D and nasal secretion LL‐37 and β‐defensin‐2 levels. Correlations were examined with the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis criteria for qualitative and the correlation coefficient Spearman's rho for quantitative factors. Multiple linear and logarithmic regression were performed to adjust for confounding factors.ResultsThe study population consisted of 153 infants and toddlers with median age 3.1 months (interquartile range:1.6–4.9). No association was found between serum 25(OH)D and AMPs nasal secretions levels. Serum 25(OH)D and nasal secretion β‐defensin‐2 levels were not associated with the severity of bronchiolitis. In contrast, LL‐37 levels were inversely associated with the length of hospitalization (rho = −0.340, p = .001), the need for medication use (p = .001), as well as the duration of oxygen supplementation (rho = −0.339, p = .001), and intravenous fluid administration (rho = −0.323, p = .001). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionA significant association between LL‐37 nasal secretions levels with the severity of acute bronchiolitis was found in hospitalized infants and toddlers. The role of LL‐37 in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis merits further investigation.
Affordances of engineering with English learners
Authors: Cunningham Christine M. , Kelly Gregory J. , Meyer Natacha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this position paper, we draw from previous research and theoretical developments in the field to propose a set of affordances of engineering with English learners (ELs). Students learning both the language of instruction (e.g., English) and academic subject matter (e.g., engineering, mathematics, science) face the challenge of making sense of linguistically complex terminology of disciplinary knowledge. We posit that engineering provides a unique set of benefits for such learners due to a number of factors associated with the discipline of engineering, including the materiality of the knowledge, the potential for multimodal communication, and the contextualization of knowledge in specific task‐oriented activities. We also recognize that engineering benefits from participation by diverse learners including ELs as solutions are strengthened by a multitude of ideas and perspectives. Although this paper focuses on ELs, we recognize that such affordances are also valuable forallstudents, including native English speakers, and that they may be particularly important for students who may benefit from additional linguistic supports for developing academic literacies. We identify the affordances, anchoring them in elementary classroom experiences and teacher testimonials, and propose a research agenda for future study.
N‐Formylsaccharin as a CO Source: Applications and Recent Developments
Authors: Tan Yan , Lang Jiajia , Tang Meilun , Li Jingjing , Mi Pengbing , Zheng Xing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review describes the research progress of the N‐formylsaccharin as a newly efficient and environmentally friendly carbon monoxide (CO) surrogate in the carbonylation reactions including the synthesis of aldehydes, esters, ketones, acyl fluorides or other reactions. Besides, its advantages in term of inexpensive, ease of handling and stable on storage significantly enhance practicality of the approach in laboratory scale.
A Diverse Micromorphology of Photonic Crystal Chips for Multianalyte Sensing
Authors: Huang Yu , Liu Lingxiao , Yang Xian , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yan Bing , Wu Lei , Feng Pengju , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan , Song Yanlin , Li Fengyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe diversity by nano/microstructural material or device constructing can provide the exciting opportunity for sensitivity and selectivity to achieve facile and efficient multianalyte recognition for clinical diagnosis, environment monitoring, etc., in complex system analysis. Colloidal poly(styrene–methyl methacrylate–acrylic acid) (poly(St–MMA–AA)) nanoparticle‐assembled photonic crystals (PCs) can achieve manipulative 3D structural colors and approach PC sensor chip for high‐efficient multianalysis utilizing simple dye. Focusing on the morphology effects of structural color, a PC microchip is designed and constructed with various geometrical micromorphologies. Based on the angle dependence of colloidal‐crystal structural color, the stopband distribution is explored on various morphological PC pixels. Selective fluorescent enhancement is realized for stopband‐matched PCs, which approach the successful discrimination of metal ions and complex multianalysis of groundwater. Meanwhile, printed droplet‐shaping manipulation can achieve a large‐scale structural‐color sensor array of chips with designable nano/microstructures via colloidal assembly. It will be the critical puzzle piece between macromorphology and microstructure for the structural‐color researches.
Fabrications of High‐Performance Planar Zinc‐Ion Microbatteries by Engraved Soft Templates
Authors: Jiang Kang , Zhou Zeyan , Wen Xi , Weng Qunhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMiniaturized energy storage devices (MESDs) provide future solutions for powering dispersive electronics and small devices. Among them, aqueous zinc ion microbatteries (ZIMBs) are a type of promising MESDs because of their high‐capacity Zn anode, safe and green aqueous electrolytes, and good battery performances. Herein, for the first time, a simple and powerful strategy to fabricate flexible ZIMBs based on tailored soft templates is reported, which are patterned by engraving and enables to design the ZIMBs featured with arbitrary shapes and on various substrates. The assembled ZIMBs employing α‐MnS as the cathode materials and guar gum gel as the quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte exhibited very high areal specific capacity of up to 178 μAh cm−2, a notable areal energy density of 322 μWh cm−2 and power density of 710 μW cm−2. Footprint areas of the manufactured ZIMBs as small as 40 mm2 can be achieved. The proposed method based on the engraved soft templates provides a practical route for ZIMB and other MESD designs, which is critical for portable and wearable electronics development.
Systematic identification of risk factors and drug repurposing options for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wu Chong , Wu Lang , Wang Jingshen , Lin Lifeng , Li Yanming , Lu Qing , Deng Hong‐wen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral Mendelian randomization studies have been conducted that identified multiple risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, they typically focus on a few pre‐selected risk factors.MethodsA two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to systematically examine the potential causal associations of 1037 risk factors/medical conditions and 31 drugs with the risk of late‐onset AD. To correct for multiple comparisons, the false discovery rate was set at < 0.05.ResultsThere was strong evidence of a causal association between glioma risk, reduced trunk fat‐free mass, lower education levels, lower intelligence and a higher risk of AD. For 31 investigated treatments (such as antihypertensive drugs), we found limited evidence for their associations.DiscussionMR found robust evidence of causal associations between glioma, trunk fat‐free, and AD. Our study also confirms that higher educational attainment and higher intelligence are associated with a reduced risk of AD.
Gravitational wave spectra from oscillon formation after inflation
Authors: Hiramatsu Takashi , Sfakianakis Evangelos I. , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We systematically investigate the preheating behavior of single field inflation with an oscillon-supporting potential. We compute both the properties of the emitted gravitational waves as well as the number density and characteristics of the produced oscillons. By performing numerical simulations for a variety of potential types, we divide the analyzed potentials in two families, each of them containing potentials with varying large- or small-field dependence. We find that the shape of the spectrum and the amplitude of emitted gravitational waves have a universal feature with the peak around the physical wavenumber k/a ∼ m at the inflaton oscillation starting period, irrespective of the exact potential shape. This can be used as a smoking-gun for deducing the existence of a violent preheating phase and possible oscillon formation after inflation. Despite this apparent universality, we also find differences in the shape of the spectrum of emitted gravitational waves between the two families of potentials, leading to discriminating features between them. In particular, all potentials show the emergence of a two-peak structure in the gravitational wave spectrum, arising at the time of oscillon formation. However, potentials that exhibit efficient parametric resonance tend to smear out this structure and by the end of the simulation the two-peak structure is replaced by one broad peak in the GW spectrum. We further compute the number density and properties of the produced oscillons for each potential choice, finding differences in the number density and size distribution of stable oscillons and transient overdensities. We also perform a linear fluctuation analysis and use the corresponding Floquet charts to relate the results of our simulations to the structure of parametric resonance for the various potential types. We find that the growth rate of the scalar perturbations and the associated oscillon formation time are sensitive to the small-field shape of a potential while the macroscopic physical properties of oscillons such as the total number depend on the large-field shape of a potential.
Differenzialdiagnostische Unterscheidung zwischen substanzinduzierten und primären Psychosen:
Authors: Hirjak Dusan , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Brandt Geva A. , Dreßing Harald 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungSubstanzinduzierte psychotische Störungen (SIPS) sind häufig und für ca. 25 % der ersten Einweisungen in eine psychiatrische Klinik verantwortlich. Aus klinischer Sicht ist aufgrund ähnlicher psychopathologischer Phänomene die diagnostische Unterscheidung zwischen SIPS und primären (genuinen oder kryptogenen) psychotischen Störungen oft eine Herausforderung. Dieser Umstand wird dadurch erschwert, dass SIPS im Zusammenhang mit Cannabis, Halluzinogenen und Amphetaminen ein erhebliches Risiko des Übergangs in eine primäre psychotische Störung (z. B. Schizophrenie) haben. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit werden zunächst zwei exemplarische Fallvignetten aus der allgemeinpsychiatrischen und forensischen Praxis vorgestellt. Danach wird im Sinne einer selektiven Literaturübersicht die Relevanz der differenzialdiagnostischen Unterscheidung beider Störungsbilder aus der Sicht der allgemeinen und forensischen Psychiatrie in Bezug auf Therapie, Prognose und richterliche Entscheidung bezüglich der Unterbringung im Maßregelvollzug (§ 63 vs. § 64 StGB) beleuchtet. Der letzte Abschnitt hat das Ziel, ein strukturiertes Vorgehen zur differenzialdiagnostischen Unterscheidung zwischen SIPS und primären psychotischen Störungen zu erarbeiten. Die in dieser Arbeit dargestellten und diskutierten Konzepte und Befunde sollen klinisch tätigen Psychiatern und Psychologen die Diagnosestellung im allgemeinen und forensischen Kontext erleichtern.
Equilibrium asset pricing with transaction costs
Authors: Herdegen Martin , Muhle-Karbe Johannes , Possamaï Dylan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study risk-sharing economies where heterogeneous agents trade subject to quadratic transaction costs. The corresponding equilibrium asset prices and trading strategies are characterised by a system of nonlinear, fully coupled forward–backward stochastic differential equations. We show that a unique solution exists provided that the agents’ preferences are sufficiently similar. In a benchmark specification with linear state dynamics, the empirically observed illiquidity discounts and liquidity premia correspond to a positive relationship between transaction costs and volatility.