bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-clocking fast and variation tolerant true random number generator based on a stochastic mott memristor
Authors: Kim Gwangmin , In Jae Hyun , Kim Young Seok , Rhee Hakseung , Park Woojoon , Song Hanchan , Park Juseong , Kim Kyung Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe intrinsic stochasticity of the memristor can be used to generate true random numbers, essential for non-decryptable hardware-based security devices. Here, we propose a novel and advanced method to generate true random numbers utilizing the stochastic oscillation behavior of a NbOx mott memristor, exhibiting self-clocking, fast and variation tolerant characteristics. The random number generation rate of the device can be at least 40 kb s−1, which is the fastest record compared with previous volatile memristor-based TRNG devices. Also, its dimensionless operating principle provides high tolerance against both ambient temperature variation and device-to-device variation, enabling robust security hardware applicable in harsh environments.
Semiconducting polymer nano-PROTACs for activatable photo-immunometabolic cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zeng Ziling , Cui Dong , He Shasha , Jiang Yuyan , Li Jingchao , Huang Jiaguo , Pu Kanyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmunometabolic intervention has been applied to treat cancer via inhibition of certain enzymes associated with intratumoral metabolism. However, small-molecule inhibitors and genetic modification often suffer from insufficiency and off-target side effects. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) provide an alternative way to modulate protein homeostasis for cancer therapy; however, the always-on bioactivity of existing PROTACs potentially leads to uncontrollable protein degradation at non-target sites, limiting their in vivo therapeutic efficacy. We herein report a semiconducting polymer nano-PROTAC (SPNpro) with phototherapeutic and activatable protein degradation abilities for photo-immunometabolic cancer therapy. SPNpro can remotely generate singlet oxygen (1O2) under NIR photoirradiation to eradicate tumor cells and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to enhance tumor immunogenicity. Moreover, the PROTAC function of SPNpro is specifically activated by a cancer biomarker (cathepsin B) to trigger targeted proteolysis of immunosuppressive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the tumor of living mice. The persistent IDO degradation blocks tryptophan (Trp)-catabolism program and promotes the activation of effector T cells. Such a SPNpro-mediated in-situ immunometabolic intervention synergizes immunogenic phototherapy to boost the antitumor T-cell immunity, effectively inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, this study provides a polymer platform to advance PROTAC in cancer therapy.
Phospholipid translocation captured in a bifunctional membrane protein MprF
Authors: Song Danfeng , Jiao Haizhan , Liu Zhenfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a large family of membrane proteins crucial for bacterial physiology and virulence, the Multiple Peptide Resistance Factors (MprFs) utilize two separate domains to synthesize and translocate aminoacyl phospholipids to the outer leaflets of bacterial membranes. The function of MprFs enablesStaphylococcus aureusand other pathogenic bacteria to acquire resistance to daptomycin and cationic antimicrobial peptides. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of MprF homodimer fromRhizobium tropici(RtMprF) at two different states in complex with lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (LysPG).RtMprF contains a membrane-embedded lipid-flippase domain with two deep cavities opening toward the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane respectively. Intriguingly, a hook-shaped LysPG molecule is trapped inside the inner cavity with its head group bent toward the outer cavity which hosts a second phospholipid-binding site. Moreover,RtMprF exhibits multiple conformational states with the synthase domain adopting distinct positions relative to the flippase domain. Our results provide a detailed framework for understanding the mechanisms of MprF-mediated modification and translocation of phospholipids.
Cortical and subcortical signatures of conscious object recognition
Authors: Levinson Max , Podvalny Ella , Baete Steven H. , He Biyu J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe neural mechanisms underlying conscious recognition remain unclear, particularly the roles played by the prefrontal cortex, deactivated brain areas and subcortical regions. We investigated neural activity during conscious object recognition using 7 Tesla fMRI while human participants viewed object images presented at liminal contrasts. Here, we show both recognized and unrecognized images recruit widely distributed cortical and subcortical regions; however, recognized images elicit enhanced activation of visual, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks and stronger deactivation of the default-mode network. For recognized images, object category information can be decoded from all of the involved cortical networks but not from subcortical regions. Phase-scrambled images trigger strong involvement of inferior frontal junction, anterior cingulate cortex and default-mode network, implicating these regions in inferential processing under increased uncertainty. Our results indicate that content-specific activity in both activated and deactivated cortical networks and non-content-specific subcortical activity support conscious recognition.
Circulating amino acids and amino acid-related metabolites and risk of breast cancer among predominantly premenopausal women
Authors: Zeleznik Oana A. , Balasubramanian Raji , Zhao Yibai , Frueh Lisa , Jeanfavre Sarah , Avila-Pacheco Julian , Clish Clary B. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Eliassen A. Heather 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKnown modifiable risk factors account for a small fraction of premenopausal breast cancers. We investigated associations between pre-diagnostic circulating amino acid and amino acid-related metabolites (N = 207) and risk of breast cancer among predominantly premenopausal women of the Nurses’ Health Study II using conditional logistic regression (1057 cases, 1057 controls) and multivariable analyses evaluating all metabolites jointly. Eleven metabolites were associated with breast cancer risk (q-value < 0.2). Seven metabolites remained associated after adjustment for established risk factors (p-value < 0.05) and were selected by at least one multivariable modeling approach: higher levels of 2-aminohippuric acid, kynurenic acid, piperine (all three with q-value < 0.2), DMGV and phenylacetylglutamine were associated with lower breast cancer risk (e.g., piperine: ORadjusted (95%CI) = 0.84 (0.77–0.92)) while higher levels of creatine and C40:7 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) plasmalogen were associated with increased breast cancer risk (e.g., C40:7 PE plasmalogen: ORadjusted (95%CI) = 1.11 (1.01–1.22)). Five amino acids and amino acid-related metabolites (2-aminohippuric acid, DMGV, kynurenic acid, phenylacetylglutamine, and piperine) were inversely associated, while one amino acid and a phospholipid (creatine and C40:7 PE plasmalogen) were positively associated with breast cancer risk among predominately premenopausal women, independent of established breast cancer risk factors.
Rabbit as an animal model for the study of biological grafts in pelvic floor dysfunctions
Authors: Peró Marta , Casani Laura , Castells-Sala Cristina , Pérez Maria Luisa , Moga Naranjo Esther , Juan-Babot Oriol , Alserawan De Lamo Leticia , López-Chicón Patricia , Vilarrodona Serrat Anna , Badimon Lina , Porta Roda Oriol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit for studying implanted biomaterials in pelvic reconstructive surgery; and to compare the occurrence of graft-related complications of a commercial polypropylene (PP) mesh and new developed human dermal matrix implanted at vaginal and abdominal level. 20 white female NZW rabbits were randomized into two groups, experimental group (human acellular dermal matrices-hADM-graft) and control group (commercial PP graft). In each animal, grafts were surgically implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal wall and in the vaginal submucosa layer for 180 days. The graft segments were then removed and the surgical and clinical results were analyzed. The main surgical challenges during graft implantation were: (a) an adequate vaginal exposure while maintaining the integrity of the vaginal mucosa layer; (b) to keep aseptic conditions; (c) to locate and dissect the breast vein abdominal surgery; and (d) to withdraw blood samples from the ear artery. The most abnormal findings during the explant surgery were found in the PP group (33% of vaginal mesh extrusion) in comparison with the hADM group (0% of vaginal graft extrusion), p = 0.015. Interestingly, macroscopic observation showed that the integration of the vaginal grafts was more common in the hADM group (40%) than in the PP group, in which the vaginal mesh was identified in 100% of the animals (p = 0.014). The NZW rabbit is a good model for assessing materials to be used as grafts for pelvic reconstructive surgery and vaginal surgery. Animals are easily managed during the procedures, including surgical intervention and vaginal mucosa approach. Additionally, hADM is associated with fewer clinical complications, as well as better macroscopic tissue integration, compared to PP mesh.
Machine learning based differentiation of glioblastoma from brain metastasis using MRI derived radiomics
Authors: Priya Sarv , Liu Yanan , Ward Caitlin , Le Nam H. , Soni Neetu , Pillenahalli Maheshwarappa Ravishankar , Monga Varun , Zhang Honghai , Sonka Milan , Bathla Girish 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFew studies have addressed radiomics based differentiation of Glioblastoma (GBM) and intracranial metastatic disease (IMD). However, the effect of different tumor masks, comparison of single versus multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) or select combination of sequences remains undefined. We cross-compared multiple radiomics based machine learning (ML) models using mp-MRI to determine optimized configurations. Our retrospective study included 60 GBM and 60 IMD patients. Forty-five combinations of ML models and feature reduction strategies were assessed for features extracted from whole tumor and edema masks using mp-MRI [T1W, T2W, T1-contrast enhanced (T1-CE), ADC, FLAIR], individual MRI sequences and combined T1-CE and FLAIR sequences. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve. For mp-MRI, the best model was LASSO model fit using full feature set (AUC 0.953). FLAIR was the best individual sequence (LASSO-full feature set, AUC 0.951). For combined T1-CE/FLAIR sequence, adaBoost-full feature set was the best performer (AUC 0.951). No significant difference was seen between top models across all scenarios, including models using FLAIR only, mp-MRI and combined T1-CE/FLAIR sequence. Top features were extracted from both the whole tumor and edema masks. Shape sphericity is an important discriminating feature.
From multi-omics integration towards novel genomic interaction networks to identify key cancer cell line characteristics
Authors: Kuijpers T. J. M. , Kleinjans J. C. S. , Jennen D. G. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer is a complex disease where cancer cells express epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms to promote tumor initiation, progression, and survival. To extract relevant features from the 2019 Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), a multi-layer nonnegative matrix factorization approach is used. We used relevant feature genes and DNA promoter regions to construct genomic interaction network to study gene–gene and gene—DNA promoter methylation relationships. Here, we identified a set of gene transcripts and methylated DNA promoter regions for different clusters, including one homogeneous lymphoid neoplasms cluster. In this cluster, we found different methylated transcription factors that affect transcriptional activation of EGFR and downstream interactions. Furthermore, the hippo-signaling pathway might not function properly because of DNA hypermethylation and low gene expression of both LATS2 and YAP1. Finally, we could identify a potential dysregulation of the CD28-CD86-CTLA4 axis. Characterizing the interaction of the epigenome and the transcriptome is vital for our understanding of cancer cell line behavior, not only for deepening insights into cancer-related processes but also for future disease treatment and drug development. Here we have identified potential candidates that characterize cancer cell lines, which give insight into the development and progression of cancers.
Impacts may provide heat for aqueous alteration and organic solid formation on asteroid parent bodies
Authors: Yasui Minami , Tazawa Taku , Hashimoto Ryohei , Arakawa Masahiko , Ogawa Kazunori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChemical reactions on asteroid parent bodies, such as aqueous alteration and the formation of organic solids, require a heat source. Radioactive decay in the interiors of these bodies is generally considered the most important heat source, but impact-generated heating is also likely to play a role. Here we present high-velocity impact cratering experiments using thermocouples embedded in the target material to directly measure the spatial and temporal evolution of temperature throughout each impact experiment. We find that the maximum temperature below the crater floor scales with the distance from the impact point, while the duration of temperature rise is scaled by the thermal diffusion time. We use numerical modelling to suggest that, at distances within 2 astronomical units, impacts producing craters of >20 km radius can facilitate aqueous alteration in the material below the crater, while those which produce craters of 1 km radius can support organic solid formation.
Sensory Responsiveness Is Linked With Communication in Infant Siblings of Children With and Without Autism
Authors: Feldman Jacob I. , Raj Sweeya , Bowman Sarah M. , Santapuram Pooja , Golden Alexandra J. , Daly Claire , Dunham Kacie , Suzman Evan , Augustine Ashley E. , Garla Varsha , Muhumuza Aine , Cascio Carissa J. , Williams Kathryn L. , Kirby Anne V. , Keceli-Kaysili Bahar , Woynaroski Tiffany G. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeDifferences in communication development impact long-term outcomes of children with autism. Previous research has identified factors associated with communication in children with autism, but much of the variance in communication skill remains unexplained. It has been proposed that early differences in sensory responsiveness (i.e., hyporesponsiveness, hyperresponsiveness, and sensory seeking) may produce “cascading effects” on communication. Evidence for this theory is limited, however, as relations between sensory responsiveness and communication in the earliest stages of development have not been well established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate (a) whether infants with a heightened likelihood of autism diagnosis (i.e., infants with an older sibling with autism) differ from infants at general population–level likelihood of autism (i.e., infants with an older, nonautistic sibling) on patterns of sensory responsiveness, (b) whether early sensory responsiveness is correlated with concurrent communication, and (c) whether the aforementioned between-groups differences and associations are moderated by age.MethodParticipants were 40 infants (20 infants with an older sibling with autism, 20 infants with an older, nonautistic sibling) aged 12–18 months. A series of observational and parent report measures of sensory responsiveness and communication skill were administered.ResultsGroup differences in sensory responsiveness across the 12- to 18-month period were limited (i.e., only observed for one measure of hyporesponsiveness), though selected differences in sensory responsiveness (i.e., parent-reported hyperresponsiveness and sensory seeking) emerged between groups over this developmental window. Parent-reported hyporesponsiveness was unconditionally, negatively associated with communication skills. Associations between expressive communication and (a) parent-reported sensory seeking and (b) an observational measure of hyperresponsiveness were moderated by age.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into the nature of sensory responsiveness and theorized links with communication skill in infants at elevated and general population–level likelihood of autism diagnosis. Further work is needed to better characterize the effects of interest in a larger sample spanning a wider age range.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14515542
System analysis and the problem field of digitalization in the system of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Rasputina Alla 
Published: May 2021

In the context of a global market, the agro-industrial complex (AIC) system is undergoing continuous modernization in order to respond effectively to market challenges. The project of digitalization of agriculture has a clear character of modernization. It can be assumed that this project of the Ministry of agriculture is based on an optimistic scenario (unconditional implementation of the presented quantitative indicators within the specified time frame).
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of applying expert assessment methods to the problem of digitalization in the agro-industrial complex system. Using the methods of system analysis and, first of all, various methods of expert assessment, cognitive analysis and modeling, as well as scenario development, the weak points of the optimistic scenario of the departmental project were identified and the algorithms of the realistic scenario were determined. A review of scientific publications that reflect the problems of digitalization of agriculture, based mainly on the positions of system analysis. It is based on scientific publications in journals included in the Russian science citation index system, as well as in journals included in international scientometric databases, such as Scopus and Web of Science. The author presents the structure of problems in tabular and graphical form using methods of cognitive analysis and hierarchy analysis. The result was shown two schemes that reflect the structure of socioeconomic, technological and reengineering blocks in the agricultural sector, de-fining the basic contours of the problem field of digitization, as well as the graph structure of the problem field of digitalization of agriculture, showing the interconnection and interaction of individual structural components.
Influencing Factors of Cardiac Adaptation in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Szabo Dora , Nagy Dora , Melczer Csaba , Acs Pongrac , Ratgeber Laszlo , Szokodi Istvan , Toth Miklos , Cziraki Attila , Eklics Kata , Sarszegi Zsolt 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndurance training-induced changes in left ventricular diastolic function and right ventricular parameters have been investigated extensively in adolescent athletes. Our aim was to examine the parameters for adolescent athletes (n=121, 15.1±1.6 years) compared to adult athletes and age-matched non-athletes. We explored the effects of influencing factors on the echocardiographic parameters. Significantly higher E/A (p<0.05) and e’ values (p<0.001) were detected in adolescent athletes compared to age-matched non-athletes’ and also adult athletes’ parameters. Significantly lower structural and functional right ventricular parameters (p<0.05) were detected in adult athletes. In adolescent athletes significantly higher right ventricular diameters, tricuspid S wave, right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic area values (p<0.05) were found compared to the matching parameters of non-athletes. We found significantly higher corrected tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values (p<0.001) in athletes compared to the non-athletes. Based on multivariate analysis lean body mass, body surface area, age and cumulative training time were proved as strong predictive factors of both left ventricular diastolic and right ventricular parameters. Supernormal left ventricular diastolic function and significantly higher right ventricular parameters are indicative of cardiac adaptation. Well-defined cut-off values should be applied to discriminate pathological conditions in the relation of the influencing factors.
Der myofasziale Triggerpunkt – eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Mense Siegfried 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIm ersten Teil der kritischen Bestandsaufnahme zum Thema „Myofaszialer Triggerpunkt“ (MTrP) wird der Begriff MTrP definiert, Konzepte und Prinzipien, mögliche Ursachen sowie sensible und motorische Symptome der MTrPs dargelegt und kritisch diskutiert.
Tinnitus: eine Herausforderung in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Hanskamp Miranda 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Tinnitus, egal ob pfeifend oder klopfend, kann die Betroffenen sehr beeinträchtigen. Physiotherapie bietet eine Möglichkeit, beeinflussende Faktoren zu finden, zu behandeln und so den Tinnitus zu verändern. Wichtig ist dafür – neben der Untersuchung von Halswirbelsäule, Kiefergelenk und Hirnnerven – herauszufinden, was der Patient selbst über den Tinnitus denkt.
Lagerung des Fußes bei Extensionstischlagerung
Authors: Motzny Alexander 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungWer noch „erfolgreich“ nicht defekte Lederschuhe verwendet und keine Hygieneprobleme hat, kann diese sicher noch lange verwenden. Wer „erfolgreich“ über intakte VACOped-Schuhe verfügt und diese anwendet, kann sich freuen. Wem jedoch beides nicht zur Verfügung steht oder nicht gelingt oder wer eine Neuanschaffung plant, der sollte einmal den RotexShoe testen. Aus meiner Sicht ist das die Zukunft der Fußlagerung bei Extensionstischlagerung.
Der Multiple Sclerosis Health Resource Utilization
Survey
Authors: Ness Nils-Henning , Schriefer Dirk , Haase Rocco , Ziemssen Tjalf 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In gesundheitsökonomischen Studien sind valide und
verlässliche Kostendaten essentiell, um belastbare Schlussfolgerungen zu
ziehen und eine höchstmögliche Versorgungsqualität der
Patienten sicherzustellen. Im Falle der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) basieren solche
Studien häufig auf Primärdaten, deren zugrundeliegende
Erhebungsinstrumente nicht publiziert sind. Zudem erschweren heterogene Methoden
die Vergleichbarkeit und Interpretation solcher Studienergebnisse. Zur
Vereinheitlichung gesundheitsökonomischer Studien in der MS wurde der
Multiple Sclerosis Health Resource Utilization Survey (MS-HRS) entwickelt,
validiert und frei zugänglich publiziert.
Fragestellung Fokus dieser Übersichtsarbeit bildet der MS-HRS. Wir
berichten methodische Grundlagen zur Krankheitskostenerfassung sowie MS-HRS
basierte Ergebnisse zu den Kosten der Krankheitsdynamik bei Personen mit MS.
Material/Methodik Dieser Artikel beruht auf einer selektiven
Literaturrecherche zum MS-HRS und zu den gesundheitsökonomischen
Aspekten der Krankheitskostenerfassung.
Ergebnisse Der MS-HRS erfasst patientenberichtet die gesellschaftliche
Inanspruchnahme von direkten medizinischen, direkten nicht-medizinischen sowie
indirekten Ressourcen. Indirekte Kosten werden weiterhin zwischen Absentismus,
sowohl kurzzeitig (Krankheitstage) als auch langfristig
(Erwerbs-/Berufsunfähigkeit), und Präsentismus
unterschieden. Der Ressourcenverbrauch wird mit den gesellschaftlichen
Opportunitätskosten approximiert. Erste MS-HRS basierte Analysen zeigen,
dass neben dem stationären Behinderungsgrad und dem klinischen Verlauf
auch die Krankheitsdynamik in Form von Schüben und Progression enorme
sozioökonomische Auswirkungen hat.
Diskussion Valide Krankheitskostendaten bringen Transparenz in die
ökonomischen Auswirkungen von Erkrankungen. In Ergänzung zu
klinischen Daten kann die Kosteneffektivität festgestellt werden und
somit Anhaltspunkte für eine effizientere Patientenversorgung aufgedeckt
werden. Im Falle der MS steht zur Kostenerfassung ein frei zugängliches
Instrument (MS-HRS) zur Verfügung.