bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria from a salt evaporation pool, Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Liu Peiyu , Tamaxia Alima , Liu Yan , Qiu Hao , Pan Juntong , Jin Zhongke , Zhao Xiang , Roberts Andrew P. , Pan Yongxin , Li Jinhua 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes that can produce intracellular chain‐assembled nanocrystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4). Compared with their wide distribution in the Alpha‐, Eta‐ and Delta‐proteobacteria classes, few MTB strains have been identified in the Gammaproteobacteria class, resulting in limited knowledge of bacterial diversity and magnetosome biomineralization within this phylogenetic branch. Here, we identify two magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria strains (tentatively named FZSR‐1 and FZSR‐2 respectively) from a salt evaporation pool in Bohai Bay, at the Fuzhou saltern, Dalian City, eastern China. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that strain FZSR‐2 is the same species as strains SHHR‐1 and SS‐5, which were discovered previously from brackish and hypersaline environments respectively. Strain FZSR‐1 represents a novel species. Compared with strains FZSR‐2, SHHR‐1 and SS‐5 in which magnetite particles are assembled into a single chain, FZSR‐1 cells form relatively narrower magnetite nanoparticles that are often organized into double chains. We find a good relationship between magnetite morphology within strains FZSR‐2, SHHR‐1 and SS‐5 and the salinity of the environment in which they live. This study expands the bacterial diversity of magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria and provides new insights into magnetosome biomineralization within magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria.
Combined hormonal contraceptives are associated with minor changes in composition and diversity in gut microbiota of healthy women
Authors: Mihajlovic Jovana , Leutner Michael , Hausmann Bela , Kohl Gudrun , Schwarz Jasmin , Röver Hannah , Stimakovits Nina , Wolf Peter , Maruszczak Katharina , Bastian Magdalena , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Berry David 
Published: April 2021

SummaryRecent human and animal studies have found associations between gut microbiota composition and serum levels of sex hormones, indicating that they could be an important factor in shaping the microbiota. However, little is known about the effect of regular hormonal fluctuations over the menstrual cycle or CHC‐related changes of hormone levels on gut microbiota structure, diversity and dynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CHCs on human gut microbiota composition. The effect of CHC pill intake on gut microbiota composition was studied in a group of seven healthy pre‐menopausal women using the CHC pill, compared to the control group of nine age‐matched healthy women that have not used hormonal contraceptives in the 6 months prior to the start of the study. By analysing the gut microbiota composition in both groups during one menstrual cycle, we found that CHC usage is associated with a minor decrease in gut microbiota diversity and differences in the abundance of several bacterial taxa. These results call for further investigation of the mechanisms underlying hormonal and hormonal contraceptive‐related changes of the gut microbiota and the potential implications of these changes for women's health.
Pollen and yeast change nectar aroma and nutritional content alone and together, but honey bee foraging reflects only the avoidance of yeast
Authors: Rering Caitlin C. , Rudolph Arthur B. , Beck John J. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryFloral nectar often contains pollen and microorganisms, which may change nectar's chemical composition, and in turn impact pollinator affinity. However, their individual and combined effects remain understudied. Here, we examined the impacts of the nectar specialist yeast, Metschnikowia reukaufii, and the addition of sunflower (Hellianthus annus) pollen. Pollen grains remained intact, yet still increased yeast growth and amino acid concentrations in nectar, whereas yeast depleted amino acids. Pollen, but not yeast, changed nectar sugar concentrations by converting sucrose to its monomers. Both pollen and yeast contributed emissions from nectar, though yeast volatiles were more abundant than pollen volatiles. Yeast volatile emission was positively correlated with pollen concentration and cell density, and yeast depleted a subset of pollen‐derived volatiles. Honey bees avoided foraging on yeast‐inoculated nectar and foraged equally among uninoculated nectars regardless of pollen content, underscoring the importance of microbial metabolites in mediating pollinator foraging.
Molecular mechanisms underlying glyphosate resistance in bacteria
Authors: Hertel Robert , Gibhardt Johannes , Martienssen Marion , Kuhn Ramona , Commichau Fabian M. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryGlyphosate is a nonselective herbicide that kills weeds and other plants competing with crops. Glyphosate specifically inhibits the 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate (EPSP) synthase, thereby depleting the cell of EPSP serving as a precursor for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate is considered to be toxicologically safe for animals and humans. Therefore, it became the most‐important herbicide in agriculture. However, its intensive application in agriculture is a serious environmental issue because it may negatively affect the biodiversity. A few years after the discovery of the mode of action of glyphosate, it has been observed that bacteria evolve glyphosate resistance by acquiring mutations in the EPSP synthase gene, rendering the encoded enzyme less sensitive to the herbicide. The identification of glyphosate‐resistant EPSP synthase variants paved the way for engineering crops tolerating increased amounts of the herbicide. This review intends to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying glyphosate resistance in bacteria. Bacteria can evolve glyphosate resistance by (i) reducing glyphosate sensitivity or elevating production of the EPSP synthase, by (ii) degrading or (iii) detoxifying glyphosate and by (iv) decreasing the uptake or increasing the export of the herbicide. The variety of glyphosate resistance mechanisms illustrates the adaptability of bacteria to anthropogenic substances due to genomic alterations.
Impact of the 1115 behavioral health Medicaid waiver on adult Medicaid beneficiaries in New York State
Authors: Frimpong Eric Y. , Ferdousi Wahida , Rowan Grace A. , Radigan Marleen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Health and Recovery Plan (HARP), a capitated special needs Medicaid managed care product that fully integrates physical and behavioral health delivery systems in New York State.Data Sources2013‐2019 claims and encounters data on continuously enrolled individuals from the New York State Medicaid data system.Study DesignWe used a difference‐in‐difference approach with inverse probability of exposure weights to compare service use outcomes in individuals enrolled in the HARP versus HARP eligible comparison group in two regions, New York City (NYC) pre‐ (2013‐2015) versus post‐ (2016‐2018) intervention periods, and rest of the state (ROS) pre‐ (2014‐2016) versus post‐ (2017‐2019) intervention periods.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsNot applicable.Principal FindingsHARPs were associated with a relative decrease in all‐cause (RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.68‐0.90), behavioral health‐related (RR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.60‐0.96), and nonbehavioral‐related (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.78‐0.97) stays in the NYC region. In the ROS region, HARPs were associated with a relative decrease in all‐cause (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.80‐0.94) and behavioral health‐related (RR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.70‐0.91) stays. Regarding outpatient visits, the HARPs benefit package were associated with a relative increase in behavioral health (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13‐1.28) and nonbehavioral health (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01‐1.15) clinic visits in the NYC region. In the ROS region, the HARPs were associated with relative increases in behavioral health (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.32‐1.64) and nonbehavioral health (RR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.11‐1.25) clinic visits.ConclusionsCompared to patients with similar clinical needs, HARPs were associated with a relative increase in services used and led to a better engagement in the HARPs group regardless of the overall decline in services used pre‐ to postperiod.
Implementation of the polycystic ovary syndrome guidelines: A mixed method study to inform the design and delivery of a lifestyle management program for women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Pirotta Stephanie , Joham Anju E. , Moran Lisa J. , Skouteris Helen , Lim Siew S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe 2018 evidence‐based polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guidelines recommend lifestyle management as first‐line treatment. This study aims to understand the preferred intervention characteristics of a PCOS lifestyle program from the perspectives of women with PCOS to inform the translation of the guidelines into practice.MethodsWomen with self‐reported PCOS residing in Australia took part in semi‐structured interviews (n = 20) and an online survey (n = 286). The survey and interview schedule were developed using the template for intervention description and replication checklist.ResultsWomen want to take part in a lifestyle program (94.6%) and use government‐subsidised sessions to attend (83%). Sessions of 45 to 60 minutes (75%) costing less than AUD$50 are preferred (60%). Topics of most interest related to sustainable daily physical activity (58%), overcoming non‐hungry eating (54%), PCOS‐specific diets (51%) and how to overcome barriers to behaviour change (45%). A delivery mode that combines online and in‐person support is preferred (53%). Women are in need of long‐term professional lifestyle support (6‐12 months) that provides evidence‐based, PCOS‐specific, personalised prescription. Multidisciplinary support from a range of PCOS‐trained professions is also preferred to address women's physical, psychological and emotional needs.ConclusionWomen with PCOS are willing to take part in lifestyle programs that are low cost, long term, evidence based, PCOS‐specific and provide practical strategies for nutrition and physical activity changes. Future online and in‐person PCOS programs are strongly recommended to incorporate these findings to improve program engagement and patient satisfaction.
Effects of macronutrient intake on sleep duration and quality: A systematic review
Authors: Du Chen , Almotawa Juman , Feldpausch Clare E. , Folk Sara Yi Ling , Parag Hanah , Tucker Robin M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to characterise and synthesise the literature that explores the effects of macronutrient manipulation on sleep outcomes in order to provide dietary recommendations for sleep improvement.MethodsIntervention studies that evaluated the effects of macronutrient manipulations on sleep were identified using four databases. A study was included if it: (a) delivered a macronutrient‐based dietary intervention, regardless of length; (b) included healthy human participants aged 18 and older; and (c) measured some aspect of sleep, for example, duration or quality, in some manner.ResultsA total of 17 papers and 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were organised into acute studies lasting less than 24 hours (n = 4), longer‐term (≥24 hours) studies (n = 10), and energy restriction studies (n = 5). The greatest amount of support was observed for longer‐term administration of higher carbohydrate diets. These interventions positively influenced rapid eye movement sleep; however, non‐rapid eye movement sleep was negatively affected. The overall health outcomes of these changes are difficult to assess. Limited evidence suggests higher protein diets under conditions of energy restriction can improve sleep quality, but these effects might be restricted to individuals with overweight or obesity. Current evidence does not support the effects of acute macronutrient manipulation, defined as less than 24 hours, on sleep outcomes.ConclusionsManipulating carbohydrate intake for at least 24 hours appears to alter sleep outcomes among healthy individuals. Interventions were highly varied and methodological shortcomings were identified. More work is required to fully understand how macronutrient intake affects sleep outcomes.
Epigenetic insight into regulatory role of chromatin covalent modifications in lifecycle and virulence of Phytophthora
Authors: Rojas‐Rojas Fernando Uriel , Vega‐Arreguín Julio C. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe Oomycota phylum includes fungi‐like filamentous microorganisms classified as plant pathogens. The most destructive genus within oomycetes is Phytophthora, which causes diseases in plants of economic importance in agriculture, forestry and ornamental. Phytophthora species are widespread worldwide and some of them enable adaptation to different hosts and environmental changes. The development of sexual and asexual reproductive structures and the secretion of proteins to control plant immunity are critical for the adaptative lifestyle. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of Phytophthora to different hosts and environmental changes are poorly understood. In the last decade, the role of epigenetics has gained attention, and important evidence has demonstrated the potential role of chromatin covalent modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation/methylation, in the regulation of gene expression during Phytophthora development and plant infection. Here, we review for the first time the evidence of the potential role of chromatin covalent modifications in the lifecycle of the phytopathogenic genus Phytophthora, including virulence, and host and environment adaptation processes.
A cost‐effective video system for a rapid appraisal of deep‐sea benthic habitats: The Azor drift‐cam
Authors: Dominguez‐Carrió Carlos , Fontes Jorge , Morato Telmo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Deep‐sea exploration relies on cutting‐edge technology, which generally requires expensive instruments, highly specialized technicians and ship time. The increasing need to gather large‐scale data on the distribution and conservation status of deep‐sea benthic species and habitats could benefit from the availability of low‐cost imaging tools to facilitate the access to the deep sea world‐wide.

Here we describe the Azor drift‐cam, a cost‐effective video platform designed to conduct rapid appraisals of deep‐sea benthic habitats. Built with off‐the‐shelf components, the Azor drift‐cam should be regarded as an effective, affordable, simple‐to‐assemble, easy‐to‐operate, resilient, operational and reliable tool to visually explore the deep sea to 1,000 m depth.

Its performance was assessed during the MapGES_2019 cruise, where 135 successful dives between 100 and 800 m depth were carried out in 22 working days, providing over 100 hr of images for almost 80 km of seabed, mostly in areas that had never been explored before.

The system does not aim to become a substitute for more sophisticated underwater video and photography platforms, such as ROVs, AUVs or manned submersibles. Rather, it aims to provide the means to perform quick assessments of deep‐sea benthic habitats in a simple and affordable manner.

This drift‐cam system has the potential to make deep‐sea exploration more accessible, playing an important role in the Deep‐Ocean Observing Strategy and measuring some of the Essential Ocean Variables for deep‐sea monitoring and conservation strategies.
Anaemia among intensive care unit survivors and association with days alive and at home: an observational study
Authors: van der Laan S. , Billah T. , Chi C. , Lai C. , Litton E. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAnaemia is highly prevalent at the time of intensive care unit discharge and is persistent for a high proportion of intensive care unit survivors. Whether anaemia is a driver of impaired recovery after critical illness is uncertain. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that, in adult intensive care survivors, anaemia at the time of intensive care unit discharge independently predicts decreased days at home‐90. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary intensive care unit in Perth, Western Australia. All patients aged ≥ 16 years, discharged alive from their index intensive care unit admission and without documented treatment limitations were included. Median (IQR [range]) age of the 6358 participants was 61 (46–72 [16–95]) years and included 3385 (53.2%) unplanned admissions. Intensive care unit discharge with a haemoglobin concentration < 100 g.l‐1 occurred in 2886 (45.4%) patients, a threshold that identified a cohort with significantly lower days at home‐90 (median (IQR [range]) 80 (64–85 [0–90]) days vs. 85 (77–88 [0–90]) days (median difference 5 days, 95%CI 4.4–5.5, p < 0.0001). The association followed a severity‐response relationship with more severe anaemia predicting lower days at home‐90. When accounting for prespecified covariates including admission haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell transfusion, anaemia at intensive care unit discharge remained a significant predictor of decreased days at home‐90, relative risk 0.96 (0.93–0.98), p < 0.002. These findings support the need for interventional trials investigating whether this risk is modifiable.
Development level of the country of parental origin on dental caries in children of immigrant parents in Sweden
Authors: Julihn Annika , Cunha Soares Fernanda , Hjern Anders , Dahllöf Göran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo study the association of parental country of origin—expressed as low‐, medium‐ and high‐Human Development Index (HDI) countries—with caries experience in children of immigrant families in Stockholm.MethodsThis registry‐based cohort study included all children born in 2000–2003 who resided in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 years (n = 83,147) with follow‐up at 7 years of age. A logistic regression was performed for the multivariate analysis with adjustments for socio‐demographic factors.ResultsAfter adjustments, logistic regression analyses revealed that, compared with Swedish children of the same age, the risk of caries was highest when the immigrant parents originated in a medium (OR 4.22 (95% CI 3.99:4.47)) or low (OR 2.80 (95% CI 2.56:3.06)) income country background at age 7 years, but was increased also for high‐income country background, OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.52–2.05). Furthermore, the risk of presenting with caries experience at age 7 years increased for all children in the 1st (lowest) household income quintile in the host country Sweden.ConclusionThis study shows that the developmental level of the parental country of birth as well as the family socioeconomic position in Sweden influence the risk for caries development in their children.
Resilience in the face of interpersonal loss: The role of character strengths
Authors: Blanchard Tamar , McGrath Robert E. , Jayawickreme Eranda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study assessed whether seven specific character strengths may function to promote resilience or growth following interpersonal loss. A sample of 3710 adults, including 557 who experienced a recent interpersonal loss (defined as death of a first‐degree relative or divorce in the previous six months), completed questionnaires at least once across three time points to evaluate the extent to which character strengths predicted the presence of or changes in depression and functional impairment over a six‐month period. Exploratory analyses also assessed changes in character strengths over time after loss. Results indicated that depression generally decreased over time and was unrelated to loss. Further, higher scores on the examined strengths predicted resilience, in that they predicted consistently lower levels of depression and impairment over time, regardless of loss. Thus, the seven examined strengths appeared to protect against depression and impairment over time. The loss group demonstrated higher levels of hope and gratitude across time points. Consistent with the concept of post‐traumatic growth, results suggest that these strengths may be particularly salient when confronted with loss. Contrary to predictions of post‐traumatic growth theory, however, there was little change in strengths over time.
A creative problem solving‐based flipped learning strategy for promoting students’ performing creativity, skills and tendencies of creative thinking and collaboration
Authors: Hsia Lu‐Ho , Lin Yen‐Nan , Hwang Gwo‐Jen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn most performing classes, such as dance or performing arts, students passively follow the scripts or demonstration provided by the teacher, and focus on imitating the acts and practicing repeatedly. Although researchers have begun trying out flipped learning to provide students with opportunities for self‐learning and to increase the time for in‐class collaborative learning and interactions, students’ performing creativity is generally ignored. As a result, the present study proposes a creative problem solving‐based flipped learning (CPS‐based flipped learning) approach to guide students to comprehend the pre‐class materials and to develop their creativity through creative thinking. Moreover an experiment was conducted in a choreography activity of a dance course. A total of 125 university students were recruited and divided into the CPS‐based flipped learning (CPS‐FL) group, the conventional flipped learning (FL) group, and the conventional technology‐based learning (TBL) group for an 18‐week teaching experiment. The results showed that the CPS‐based flipped learning approach could significantly increase students' choreography creativity, dance skills and creative thinking tendency. In addition, the FL group also outperformed the TBL group on choreography creativity and dance skills. No significant differences between the three groups’ collaboration tendency could be found. Lastly, from the students' feedback, it was learned that the CPS‐based flipped learning approach was conducive to stimulating students' inspiration for creation, enhancing their ability to appreciate dance programs and improving their implementation and practice abilities.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

In traditional performing classes, students generally passively follow the examples of demonstration provided by the teacher and focus on repetitive practice.
Flipped learning enables students to have more opportunities to practice and interact with peers and the teacher in the class.
In flipped learning, proper learning design could be beneficial to increasing students' creativity.
What this paper adds

A creative problem solving‐based flipped learning approach is proposed.
An experiment was conducted in a university dance course to evaluate the impacts of the proposed approach.
In addition to performing skills, the proposed approach enhanced the students' creativity performances and learning perceptions.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Creative problem solving‐based flipped learning has great potential in promoting students’ Creative thinking.
Such a learning approach could bring novel ideas into the fields related to creative thinking in addition to arts or performing art courses.