bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultures with Unique Nutrition Concerns: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender
Authors: Bilyk Hope T , Wellington Christine , Kapica Cathy 
Published: June 2021

Learning Outcome: There is a lack of data on nutrition issues of concern to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender community.Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) individuals include all races, ethnicities, religions, and social classes. 7–10% of Canadians and 4% of Americans identify as LGBT. LGBT experience unique health disparities, as noted in Healthy People 2020. With increasing awareness and acceptance of LGBT, more individuals are acknowledging their identity. This study assessed the literature on nutrition issues of relevance to LGBT, and the availability of appropriate nutrition education materials. PUBMED was searched using the terms female and male homosexuality, gay, bisexual, transsexualism, transgender, and nutrition and health from 1998–2012. None of the articles addressed nutrition issues. Lesbians and bisexual females are more likely to be overweight or obese, contributing to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Gay and bisexual males have a higher rate of eating disorders and body dissatisfaction. Transgendered undergoing hormone therapy are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, decreased bone density, and impaired glucose metabolism, thus requiring specialized nutrition counseling. LGBT have the highest rates of abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, which may affect their nutrition status. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the special nutrition needs of LGBT. Despite increased risks, there is little research done or nutrition education materials available to address these concerns.Funding Disclosure: None
Biliverdin attenuates LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression in whole human blood
Authors: Bisht kavita , Wegiel B , Tampe J , Shing Cecilia M. , Wagner K.H. , Otterbein L , Bulmer A.C. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveInflammation is clearly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, sepsis and respiratory disorders. The present study aimed to reveal the effect of biliverdin (BV) on the expression of pro/anti‐inflammatory cytokines in whole human blood.MethodsEight healthy males were recruited and 50 mLs of blood was collected into EDTA vacutainers. Whole blood was supplemented with BV (10 or 50 μM) in the presence or absence of 3 μg/mL lipopolysaccride for 4, 8 and 24 hours. Total RNA was purified at 4 h and plasma was collected at 4, 8 and 24 hours. Gene and protein expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐1Ra and IL‐10) were analyzed using qRT‐PCR and multiplex Luminex analysis.ResultsBiliverdin inhibited LPS‐mediated expression of IL‐1 β and IL‐1Ra in a dose dependent manner, showing a 50% decrease at 4 h (50 μM, P<0.05). However, BV showed only a slight non‐significant decrease (69 %) in IL‐6 expression under the same conditions while no significant effect was found for TNF‐α and IL‐10 expression.ConclusionBiliverdin reduces LPS‐induced expression of IL‐1 β and IL‐1Ra in whole human blood. This study is the first translational evidence to support BV's use as anti‐inflammatory agent in humans against LPS/sepsis.Source of funding: FWF‐Austrian Science Fund (P21162‐K.‐H.W. and A.B.)
The Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor interacts with PDZ3 of the cellular scaffolding protein MAGI‐1
Authors: Martin Sterling , Yan Ran , Sharma Priyanka , Kolawoe Abimobola , Hostetler Heather , Excoffon Katherine 
Published: June 2021

The Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus receptor (CAR) is an essential protein that is involved in cell‐cell adhesion, protein trafficking, and viral infection. The major isoform of CAR is selectively sorted to the basolateral membrane of polarized epithelial cells where it co‐localizes with the cellular scaffolding protein membrane‐associated guanylate kinase with inverted domain structure‐1 (MAGI‐1). We hypothesized that CAR directly interacts with MAGI‐1 via a PDZ‐based interaction and these two proteins interact in polarized epithelial cells. Each MAGI‐1 PDZ domain and the C‐terminus of CAR were subcloned into expression vectors and direct interactions were investigated by yeast‐2‐hybrid (Y2H) analysis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Interaction was investigated in polarized Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. Y2H showed that CAR interacts with the third PDZ domain of MAGI‐1 (PDZ3) and FRET showed a Kd of 2.0 ± 0.9 nM. MAGI‐1 and CAR co‐immunoprecipate from polarized MDCK cells. These results show that CAR and MAGI‐1 interacts directly and this interaction occurs in polarized cells. Future work will investigate potential therapeutic interventions that may disrupt or enhance CAR‐MAGI‐1 interactions and alter epithelial susceptibility viral infection.This work was supported by NIH grants R15AI090625 (KE), DK77573 (HH) and R25 GM086257.
Ca2+‐activated K+ channels of small and intermediate conductance control the activation of endothelial cell connexin‐ and pannexin‐formed hemichannels
Authors: Lillo Mauricio , Gaete Pablo , Puebla Mariela , Figueroa Xavier 
Published: June 2021

Nitric Oxide (NO), Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (KCa) of small (SKCa) and intermediate (IKCa) conductance and hemichannels formed by connexins (Cx‐HC) or pannexins (Panx‐HC) are involved in the control of vasomotor tone. However, the mechanisms of Cx‐ and Panx‐based hemichannel activation in endothelial cells are unknown. In mesenteric vessels, we evaluated the expression and activity of Cx‐HC and Panx‐HC by immunofluorescence, biotinylation of membrane proteins of endothelial cell luminal surface and ethidium uptake. Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Panx‐1 were detected in endothelial cells. Stimulation with acetylcholine (ACh) or the NO‐donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐D‐penicillamine (SNAP) increased ethidium uptake in endothelial cells, which was abolished by the NO synthase inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NA) or by the Panx‐HC blockers probenecid and Panx10 and attenuated by the Cx‐HC blocker La3+. In addition, ACh‐activated ethidium uptake was also abolished by blockade of KCa with tetraethylammonium (TEA) or IKCa with charybdotoxin (ChTX) or triarylmethane‐34(TRAM‐34), but only attenuated by the SKCa blocker apamin. TEA did not affect the SNAP‐activated ethidium uptake. Treatment with TEA, ChTX or apamin also inhibits the ACh‐induced NO production. These results indicate that SKCa and IKCa regulate the activity of Cx‐HC and Panx‐HC through the modulation of NO production.FONDECYT 1100850, ANILLOS ACT‐71
Sulforaphane alters cerebral leukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions post global ischaemia reperfusion
Authors: Gillespie Scarlett , Milton Nathaniel , Ashioti Maria , Gavins Felicity NE 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionSulforaphane (SFN) is a dietary available isothiocyanate, previously shown to have anti‐inflammatory properties. Since discovery of its ability to induce a battery of phase II detoxification enzymes, its potential as an anti‐inflammatory agent has been investigated in a variety of pathologies.AimInvestigate effect of SFN pre‐treatment on cerebral leukocyte‐endothelial cell (L‐E) interactions following bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo).Methods and ResultsMale C57Bl6 mice, underwent 5 min BCCAo, followed by 2 h reperfusion, with/without SFN pretreatment. Little L‐E interactions were present in sham mice. BCCAo significantly increased in L‐E interactions, as measured using intravital microscopy. 24h pre‐treatment with SFN (5mg/kg) decreased these interactions, bringing the values back to levels observed in sham mice. These data are complemented with work from an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model using SHSY5Y neuronal cell line. Preliminary results indicate SFN (6μM) reduces cell death associated with OGD challenge.ConclusionThis data suggests that BCCAo leads to an inflammatory response within the cerebral microcirculation. Furthermore, pre‐treatment with SFN reduced L‐E interactions following pre‐treatment, suggesting its ability to protect the cerebral microcirculation from subsequent inflammatory challenges. This is further supported by the early results showing SFN's protection in the OGD model. These preliminary results suggest a potential therapeutic role for SFN in stroke.Funded by the Medical Research Council, UK.
Three‐dimensional reconstructions of human embryos: vertebrobasilar system evolutive morphogenesis.
Authors: LABROUSSE Marc , LHUAIRE Martin , MICARD Émilien , SCHARBARG Emeric , CENDRE Romain , DELMAS Vincent , FELBLINGER Jacques , AVISSE Claude , BRAUN Marc 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to describe the morphogenesis of the vertebrobasilar system from three‐dimensional reconstructions of 4 human embryos, and to compare our results with literature.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe investigated four embryos belonging to the French collection of Paris‐Descartes University: 14mm (Carnegie stage 17), 15mm (CS 18), 22.5mm (CS 21) and 27mm (CS 23) respectively, serially sectioned. Staining was Masson's trichrome. Scanning was performed using an Epson V750 PRO ®, (resolution 2400 to 3200 dpi). Registration of image stacks and export in DICOM files were performed using original software developed by IADI Laboratory (INSERM U947, NANCY). The images obtained were exploited with ORS ® Visual.RESULTSFrom the embryo of 14mm to 27mm, the vertebrobasilar vascularization was well visualized. Its collaterals were seen. The main relationships with the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon were analysed.CONCLUSIONThis original software allows a new method of three‐dimensional reconstruction, and a better understanding of vertebrobasilar system evolutive morphogenesis. It brings a new perspective to the study of human embryology.
Dietary Cocoa Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High‐ Fat Fed Obese Mice
Authors: Gu Yeyi , Harvatine Kevin , Lambert Joshua D. 
Published: June 2021

In diet‐induced obesity, adipose tissue (AT) is in a chronic state of inflammation predisposing the development of insulin‐resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is a polyphenol‐rich food with putative anti‐inflammatory activities; however, little research has been done to support the role of cocoa in modulating inflammation in obese subjects, and the mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. The objective of the present study is to determine the effects of dietary cocoa supplementation on AT inflammation in high‐fat (HF)‐fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet (HF group), a HF diet with 8% (w/w) unsweetened cocoa powder (HFC group), or a low‐fat diet for 18 weeks. Cocoa supplementation significantly decreased pro‐inflammatory gene expression (Il6, Il12b, Nos2 and Emr1) in the stromal vascular fraction of AT by 40–62% compared to HF group (P < 0.05). Protein expression of adipose‐specific phospholipase A2 was reduced by 53% in HFC mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, AT arachidonic acid (AA) levels were positively correlated with adiposity (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) and cocoa‐supplemented mice had 33% lower levels of AA compared to HF control (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the anti‐inflammatory effects of cocoa in obese mice and provide mechanistic biomarkers for further investigation.Grant Funding Source: Dept. of Food Science of The Pennsylvania State University
Vasorelaxant activity of p‐cymene in superior mesenteric artery of rats
Authors: Barbosa Renata Lisboa , Santos Julyane Hora , Cunha Patricia Santos , Quintans‐Júnior Lucindo José , Bonjardim Leonardo Rigoldi , de Souza Araújo Adriano Antunes 
Published: June 2021

p‐Cymene is an alkylbenzene related to a monoterpene very promising for their biological properties, including actions on the cardiovascular system. Given this, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect induced by p‐cymene in rat mesenteric artery. Artery rings with functional endothelium pre‐contracted with phenylephrine (PHE) (control), p‐cymene (10–8 – 3 × 10–2M) induced relaxation (Emax = 104 ± 6 %; n= 6) was not different from that obtained after removal of endothelium (Emax = 95 ± 7 %; n= 6) or pre‐contracted with KCI 80 mM (Emax = 72 ± 4 %; n= 6), suggesting a possible involvement of Ca2 + channels. In preparations without functional endothelium and pre‐contracted with PHE, incubation with tetraethylammonium, a non‐selective blocker of potassium channels, was able to reduce relaxations induced by p‐cymene in concentrations 10–3, 3.10–3, and 10–2M (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Furthermore, the incubation with p‐cymene (3 × 10–3, 10–2, and 3 × 10–2 M) was able to antagonize the contractions induced by CaCl2 (from 10–7 to 3 × 10–2 M) and sodium orthovanadate (from 10–5 to 3 × 10–2 M), an general inhibitor of protein‐tyrosine phosphatase. Taken together, these results suggest that p‐cymene produces a vasorelaxant effect by an endothelium‐independent mechanism in the rat mesenteric artery, possibly involving voltage sensitive Ca2+, K+ channels and Ca2+ desensitization of contractile elements.Support: CNPq, Capes, Fapitec
Drug susceptibility influences macronutrient intake and body composition in tuberculosis patients (1014.4)
Authors: Frediani Jennifer , Tukvadze Nestan , Sanikidze Eka , Kipiani Maia , Hebbar Gautam , Tangpricha Vin , Blumberg Henry , Ziegler Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Background: Malnutrition and lean tissue wasting are common in patients with tuberculosis (TB) disease, yet little information is available on habitual dietary intake or links with body composition.Methods: Dietary intake was obtained in a randomized clinical trial of high‐dose vitamin D (Vit D) in patients with pulmonary TB in Tbilisi, Georgia. Food intake was obtained (0, 8 and 16 weeks) using a validated, culture‐specific tool. Serial body composition was by BMI and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA; % fat mass and % fat‐free mass). Descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA were used.Results: 192 subjects (mean age 35 y; 100 Vit D, 99 placebo) were studied. Mean daily intake of kcal, fat and protein were adequate at diagnosis and increased (with BMI) over time (time effect p<0.0001, treatment effect NS). There were no differences in % of fat mass or % fat‐free mass between groups over time. Multi‐drug resistant TB patients (n=23) had lower body weight, BMI (p=0.05) and fat‐free mass vs. drug‐susceptible patients, despite increased intake of kcal, protein, fat and CHO at 8 and 16 weeks.Conclusions: Macronutrient intake was adequate in this TB patient cohort. Increased macronutrient intake occurred concomitant with increased BMI and maintained proportions of body fat and fat‐free mass. MDR‐TB patients demonstrated less efficient anabolism than drug‐susceptible TB patients. 1Grant Funding Source: Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health Fogarty grant D43 TW007124 and K24 RR0233
Antithrombotic activity of new 1‐ethylxanthine cyclohexylammonium salt (1054.5)
Authors: Samorodov Aleksandr , Kamilov Felix , Timirkhanova Galiya , Samorodova Albina , Khaliullin Ferkat , Murataev Daniyar 
Published: June 2021

The previous findings in vitro show high antiaggregation activity of newly synthesized cyclohexilammonium salt of 2‐[1‐ethil‐3‐methyl‐7‐(dioxotiethanyl‐3)xantinyl‐8‐thio]acetic acid. The current findings are received in vivo on the model of collagen‐adrenaline thrombosis according to G.S. Di Minno subject to the FASEB Statement of Principles for the use of animals in research and education. Efficacy endpoint is the number of survived animals in comparison with the test group and comparator agents since the injection into the tail vein suspended matter of collagen and adrenalin upto the moment of death or during 14 days of monitoring. The survival analysis was carried out with the help of Kaplan‐Meier method. The difference in survival between the groups was assessed with the help of Wilkonson criterion.Intraperinoneal injection of the new secondary 1‐ethylxantin reduced mortality in lab mice by 1,3 times (P1<0,01) in comparison with the camparator agents. Thus, cyclohexilammonium salt of 2‐[1‐ethil‐3‐methyl‐7‐(dioxotiethanyl‐3)xantinyl‐8‐thio]acetic acid is a potential antithrombotic agent.
Astrocyte and microglial activation by insulin/saline treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (1072.8)
Authors: Lo Weei , O'Donnell Martha , Glaser Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and/or its treatment with insulin and saline (I/S) may cause brain injury in children. The mechanism of DKA‐related brain injury is poorly understood. It is unclear whether injury is mainly caused by DKA per se or I/S treatment. Similarly, it is unclear whether some brain regions are more susceptible than others to injury. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a rat DKA model to assess markers of brain injury. Juvenile rats with streptozotocin‐induced DKA were treated with I/S until DKA resolution. IHC of brains during DKA and 4, 24, and 72 hr after I/S were examined for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD‐11b protein (OX42) to evaluate changes in astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum. GFAP and OX42 expression was increased in the hippocampus of DKA rats. GFAP staining intensity peaked 4 hours after beginning I/S treatment (34% increase). OX42 expression was elevated at 4 hr and through 24 and 72 hr (26, 26 and 21% increases). OX42, but not GFAP, was also significantly increased in cortex at 4, 24, and 72 hr after I/S treatment (28, 21 and 23% increases). Neither GFAP nor OX42 were changed in the striatum. Our data suggest that reactive gliosis and microglial activation occur during DKA‐related brain injury. Reactive gliosis is most prominent during I/S treatment, but microglial activation persists up to 72 hr, suggesting a sustained response to injury.Grant Funding Source: Supported by ADA
Changes in IgG sialylation and glycosylation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (1089.3)
Authors: Morrow Rebekah , Cioffi Eugene , Murphy Frank , Cioffi Donna 
Published: June 2021

Rationale: Anti‐endothelial cell antibodies are found in both idiopathic and connective tissue disease associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin and is heavily glycosylated. Sialic acid is a monosaccharide often found on the end of glycan chains, and sialylation of IgG can alter IgG binding to its receptors. Changes in IgG sialylation and N‐linked glycan composition occur in numerous diseases, but it is unknown whether changes occur in PAH. We sought to determine whether IgG sialylation and glycosylation are altered in PAH patients, and if these changes affect IgG binding to endothelial cells (EC). Methods: We purified IgG from healthy volunteers (HV), idiopathic PAH (IPAH), or connective tissue disease‐associated PAH (CTD) patients. Lectin blots were used to analyze IgG sialic acid linkages and glycosylation residues. IgG was treated with sialidases to remove sialic acids or glycosidases to remove N‐linked glycans. The cleaved glycans were analyzed by ESI mass spectrometry. Both untreated IgG and sialidase‐treated IgG were used in a cell based ELISA to examine the effect of sialylation on IgG binding to EC. Results: Lectin blots and mass spec show marked differences between HV and PAH IgG. PAH IgG treated with sialidase has decreased binding to EC, whilst untreated PAH IgG has increased binding to EC as compared to HV IgG. These data suggest that sialylation and glycosylation differences in IgG from PAH patients affect binding to EC.Grant Funding Source: Supported by R01HL107778
Impact of nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on capillary hemodynamics in skeletal muscle of rats in chronic heart failure (1106.16)
Authors: Ferguson Scott , Holdsworth Clark , Wright Jennifer , Fees Alexander , Musch Timothy , Poole David 
Published: June 2021

Chronic heart failure (CHF) causes deficiencies in skeletal muscle blood flow resulting in compromised skeletal muscle capillary red blood cell (RBC) distribution and hemodynamics. These impairments are thought to be due, in part, to reductions in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability within skeletal muscle. In healthy animals, nitrate (NO3‐) supplementation via beetroot juice (BR) elevates skeletal muscle blood flow and raises the pressure head for capillary‐myocyte O2 flux during exercise presumably following a stepwise reduction to NO in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that BR supplementation would increase the % of capillaries supporting RBC flow at rest and during contractions in CHF rats. CHF was induced in young adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats via myocardial infarction (MI). Following a 5‐week recovery period rats were given BR ([NO3‐] 1 mmol/kg/day, CHF+BR) or water (CHF) for 5 days. MI size was not different between groups (CHF: 28 ± 5, CHF+BR: 28 ± 6 %). Intravital microscopy was used to study the in vivo spinotrapezius muscle microcirculation at rest and during 180 s 1Hz twitch contractions (6‐8 V). The percentage of capillaries supporting continuous RBC flow was elevated in CHF+BR rats at rest (CHF: 65 ± 6, CHF+BR: 76 ± 2 %, P蠄0.05) and during contractions (CHF: 78 ± 6, CHF+BR 82: ± 2 %, P<0.05). The improvements seen herein are likely due to enhanced arteriolar vasodilation mediated, in part, by elevated NO bioavailability. These results have important implications and suggest that NO3‐ supplementation via BR may constitute a viable therapeutic modality that improves muscle vascular and potentially metabolic function in CHF.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH‐HL108328
Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acid during pregnancy modulates DNA methylation at IGF2/H19 imprinted genes and growth of infants (1120.3)
Authors: Romieu Isabelle , Lee Hosun , Barraza Albino , Biessy Carine , Duarte‐Salles Talita , Sly Peter , Ramakrishnan Usha , Rivera Dommarco Juan , Herceg Zdenko 
Published: June 2021

Epigenetic regulations of imprinted genes are highly plausible explanation for the associations of dietary exposures in early life and the onset of diseases in adulthood. We tested whether prenatal dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy may modulate epigenetic states at birth in a randomized intervention trial among Mexican pregnant women supplemented daily with 400 mg of DHA or a placebo from 18 to 22 week of gestation to parturition. We applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states at IGF2 promoter 3 (IGF2 P3), IGF2 DMR and H19 DMR in cord blood mononuclear cells of the DHA‐supplemented group (n=131) and the control group (n=130).There were no significant differences between the DHA and the control groups for DNA methylation levels at imprinted genes; however in stratified analyses, we observed a positive association between DNA methylation levels and maternal BMI; IGF2 DMR methylation was higher in the DHA than the control groups in infants from overweight mother (p=0.03) and H19 DMR, methylation levels were significantly lower in the DHA than control groups in infants from normal weight mothers (p=0.01). Prenatal DHA supplementation modulated IGF2/H19 methylation in infants and methylation levels at IGF2/H19 imprinted regions were related with maternal BMI. Epigenetic mechanism may be modulated by DHA with potential impacts on growth and development of children.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐NICHHD (RO1HD058818), NIH (RO1HDO43099) and CONACYT Mexico (SALUD‐2008‐01‐87121)