bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Spatial Practices: A Trans-scalar Study of Chinese Hutongs and American Alleyways
Authors: Marinic Gregory , Radtke Rebekah , Luhan Gregory 
Published: February 2021

Across time and cultures, the built environment has been fundamentally shaped by forces of occupancy, obsolescence, and change. In an era of increasing political uncertainty and ecological decline, contemporary design practices must respond with critical actions that envision more collaborative and sustainable futures. The concept of critical spatial practice, introduced by architectural historian Jane Rendell, builds on Walter Benjamin and the late 20th century theories of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau to propose multi-disciplinary design practices that more effectively address contemporary spatial complexities. These theoretical frameworks operate through trans-scalar means to resituate the built environment as a nexus of flows, atmospheres, and narratives (Rendell, 2010). Assuming an analogous relationship to the contemporary city, critical spatial practices traverse space and time to engage issues of migration, informality, globalisation, heterotopia, and ecology. This essay documents an interdisciplinary academic design studio that employed critical spatial practices to study correspondences between Chinese and American cities. Here, the notions of urban and interior are relational. Urbanism and interior spaces are viewed as intertwined aspects in the historical development of Beijing hutongs and Cincinnati alleyways. These hybrid exterior-interior civic spaces create sheltered public worlds and socio-spatial conditions that nurture people and culture.
Composições clownescas
Authors: Soares Marisa Ribeiro 
Published: February 2021

<p>Este artigo é um convite para percorrer a palhaçaria sob a perspectiva de uma narrativa autobiográfica e transversal. Com o objetivo de me aproximar da potência clownesca, busco um diálogo com os encontros e experimentações clownescos, propriamente as vivenciadas através da Cia da Bobagem, em suas criações e suas composições, principalmente através de residências artísticas, e me dedico ao compartilhamento desses conhecimentos. Apoiada, de um lado, por um material empírico enriquecido pelas experiências artísticas e, por outro lado, por uma metodologia cartográfica, essa trajetória busca ir ao encontro da palhaçaria como a arte de provocar o riso. Numa caligrafia de afetos uma paisagem da aventura clownesca começa assim a se estabelecer no horizonte e revela sua multiplicidade de sentidos e suas transformações diante do “respetável público”.</p><p> </p>
Open Flow Reactors Prepared by Laser Sintering
Authors: Guo Qing , Li Chong , Yang Wenbo , Yu Yongxian , Tao Shengyang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe open flow reactor is a kind of reactor with at least one side open to the atmosphere. Open channels have the advantages of simple surface modification, direct cleaning, and relatively simple manufacturing methods. In this article, laser sintering is used to prepare a new type of open flow micro‐reactor. Laser sintering can adjust the surface wettability of phenolic resin to produce hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, which lead to the formation of open flow reactors. Laminar flow and mixing processes, which usually happen in regular flow reactors, are also observed in the open‐channel reactor. The phenolic resin film can be doped with iron to catalyze the degradation of organic pollutants when they flow along the channel. The catalytic efficiency can still be maintained at about 80% after 8 h degradation. This work will inspire the development of open flow reactors and further expand the practical application of laser‐sintered materials.
Simple and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Multi‐Functional Mixed Interfacial Layers
Authors: Park Byoungchoo , Aggarwal Yushika , Bae In‐Gon , Park Jaewoo , Choi Eun Ha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their simple solution processability and high efficiency for the next generation of low‐cost solar cell technology. Herein, a multi‐functional interfacial layer (IFL) composed of a mixture of poly(oxyethylene tridecyl ether) (PTE) and ethanolamine (EA) is introduced between a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite light‐absorbing layer and a nickel oxide (NiOx) hole transport layer to improve the photovoltaic (PV) performance of PVSCs. With the solution‐coated IFL of mixed PTE:EA, a highly improved film‐forming capability of the perovskite layer is realized together with large‐sized grains and fewer film defects. Moreover, the IFL also improved the charge carrier separation and hole‐extraction capabilities at the interface between the CH3NH3PbI3 and the NiOx layers. The results here successfully demonstrate that the CH3NH3PbI3 PVSC with IFL exhibits greatly improved PV performance, in this case a much higher power conversion efficiency (15.1%), greatly exceeding that (12.3%) of a reference device without an IFL. The author's study demonstrates that a multi‐functional mixed IFL can be used as a solid foundation for efficient and cost‐effective PVSCs, thus providing a platform for the realization of a new generation of highly efficient solution‐processable PVSCs.
Integrated Flexible Ga2O3 Deep UV Photodetectors Powered by Environmental Electromagnetic Radiation Energy
Authors: Wang Tao , Liang Huili , Han Zuyin , Sui Yanxin , Mei Zengxia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work reports an integrated flexible deep ultraviolet (UV) photodetection system hosting an amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) photodetector (PD) and an energy harvesting component including a receiving electrode and a full‐wave rectifier. An alternating signal is induced by the coupling of human body with environmental electromagnetic radiation through human hand's contact with the receiving electrode. The signal is subsequently converted into direct current (DC) by the rectifier which is composed of four thin‐film diodes with high rectification ratio (≈106) and fast response time (rising time ≈240 µs and falling time ≈680 µs). Driven by the DC output, the a‐Ga2O3 PD achieves a photoresponsivity of 0.10 A W−1 and a detectivity of 2.24 × 1011 Jones under 254 nm UV illumination. The integrated flexible a‐Ga2O3 UV PD manifests a repeatable and pleasurable response behavior with a bending radius of 15 mm, providing a new paradigm for utilizing the environmental energy as the power source in wearable electronics.
Backbone‐Acceptor/Pendant‐Donor Strategy for Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Conjugated Polymers with External Quantum Efficiency Close to 25% and Emission Peak at 608 nm
Authors: Wang Tao , Yao Bing , Li Kuofei , Chen Yuannan , Zhan Hongmei , Yi Xiaohu , Xie Zhiyuan , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA feasible strategy, backbone‐acceptor and pendant‐donor, for constructing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) conjugated polymer is presented. In the obtained polymers PSAQFx, the backbone consists of dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide (S) and 6,7‐difluoroquinoxaline (QF), while two 9,10‐dihydroacridine (A) groups as pendants are grafted on QF acceptor through phenylene bridges. Compared to the model compound AQF, the polymers exhibit redshifted emission owing to extended conjugation along the acceptor backbone. Photoluminescence quantum yields can be improved by managing the molar content (x) of the AQF unit and reach the maximum of 91% for PSAQF5 in neat film. Solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using these polymers as the emitters achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.8% and a maximum power efficiency of 68.5 lm W−1 with the emission peak at 608 nm and luminance at 58 cd m−2. This is the first example of achieving EQE above 20% with emission peak over 600 nm in the polymer TADF OLEDs.
The Role of Intermolecular Interactions on the Performance of Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Materials
Authors: Cho Eunkyung , Hong Minki , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Brédas Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn most instances, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are incorporated into a suitable host matrix at low doping concentration in order to reduce emission quenching and to improve organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) efficiency. Here, a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations is performed for thin films of 1) the neat 4CzIPN TADF emitter and 2) the (guest–host) 4CzIPN:mCBP system, in order to determine how guest–guest and guest–host interactions influence the morphological, electronic, and luminescence properties of the TADF emitters. The red‐shift in emission recently observed experimentally upon increasing the concentration in TADF emitters is attributed to the formation of guest–guest, i.e., dimer, intermolecular charge‐transfer states. It is found that the radiative and reverse intersystem crossing rates associated with these dimer states are similar to those of monomers. Thus, the contributions from both the dimer and monomer states need to be considered to describe TADF within the emissive layer. The exciton diffusion processes are also characterized; singlet excitons are calculated to be the main contributors to the diffusion length, in contrast to recently proposed models.
Tactile Avatar: Tactile Sensing System Mimicking Human Tactile Cognition
Authors: Kim Kyungsoo , Sim Minkyung , Lim Sung‐Ho , Kim Dongsu , Lee Doyoung , Shin Kwonsik , Moon Cheil , Choi Ji‐Woong , Jang Jae Eun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs a surrogate for human tactile cognition, an artificial tactile perception and cognition system are proposed to produce smooth/soft and rough tactile sensations by its user's tactile feeling; and named this system as “tactile avatar”. A piezoelectric tactile sensor is developed to record dynamically various physical information such as pressure, temperature, hardness, sliding velocity, and surface topography. For artificial tactile cognition, the tactile feeling of humans to various tactile materials ranging from smooth/soft to rough are assessed and found variation among participants. Because tactile responses vary among humans, a deep learning structure is designed to allow personalization through training based on individualized histograms of human tactile cognition and recording physical tactile information. The decision error in each avatar system is less than 2% when 42 materials are used to measure the tactile data with 100 trials for each material under 1.2N of contact force with 4cm s−1 of sliding velocity. As a tactile avatar, the machine categorizes newly experienced materials based on the tactile knowledge obtained from training data. The tactile sensation showed a high correlation with the specific user's tendency. This approach can be applied to electronic devices with tactile emotional exchange capabilities, as well as advanced digital experiences.
Ultrasensitive Vibrational Imaging of Retinoids by Visible Preresonance Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Zhuge Minghua , Huang Kai‐Chih , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Jiang Ying , Tan Yuying , Lin Haonan , Dong Pu‐Ting , Zhao Guangyuan , Matei Daniela , Yang Qing , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh‐sensitivity chemical imaging offers a window to decipher the molecular orchestra inside a living system. Based on vibrational fingerprint signatures, coherent Raman scattering microscopy provides a label‐free approach to map biomolecules and drug molecules inside a cell. Yet, by near‐infrared (NIR) pulse excitation, the sensitivity is limited to millimolar concentration for endogenous biomolecules. Here, the imaging sensitivity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is significantly boosted for retinoid molecules to 34 micromolar via electronic preresonance in the visible wavelength regime. Retinoids play critical roles in development, immunity, stem cell differentiation, and lipid metabolism. By visible preresonance SRS (VP‐SRS) imaging, retinoid distribution in single embryonic neurons and mouse brain tissues is mapped, retinoid storage in chemoresistant pancreatic and ovarian cancers is revealed, and retinoids stored in protein network and lipid droplets ofCaenorahbditis elegansare identified. These results demonstrate VP‐SRS microscopy as an ultrasensitive label‐free chemical imaging tool and collectively open new opportunities of understanding the function of retinoids in biological systems.
Bio‐assembling Macro‐Scale, Lumenized Airway Tubes of Defined Shape via Multi‐Organoid Patterning and Fusion
Authors: Liu Ye , Dabrowska Catherine , Mavousian Antranik , Strauss Bernhard , Meng Fanlong , Mazzaglia Corrado , Ouaras Karim , Macintosh Callum , Terentjev Eugene , Lee Joo‐Hyeon , Huang Yan Yan Shery 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpithelial, stem‐cell derived organoids are ideal building blocks for tissue engineering, however, scalable and shape‐controlled bio‐assembly of epithelial organoids into larger and anatomical structures is yet to be achieved. Here, a robust organoid engineering approach, Multi‐Organoid Patterning and Fusion (MOrPF), is presented to assemble individual airway organoids of different sizes into upscaled, scaffold‐free airway tubes with predefined shapes. Multi‐Organoid Aggregates (MOAs) undergo accelerated fusion in a matrix‐depleted, free‐floating environment, possess a continuous lumen, and maintain prescribed shapes without an exogenous scaffold interface. MOAs in the floating culture exhibit a well‐defined three‐stage process of inter‐organoid surface integration, luminal material clearance, and lumina connection. The observed shape stability of patterned MOAs is confirmed by theoretical modelling based on organoid morphology and the physical forces involved in organoid fusion. Immunofluorescent characterization shows that fused MOA tubes possess an unstratified epithelium consisting mainly of tracheal basal stem cells. By generating large, shape‐controllable organ tubes, MOrPF enables upscaled organoid engineering towards integrated organoid devices and structurally complex organ tubes.
A Phosphatase‐Mimetic Nano‐Stabilizer of Mast Cells for Long‐Term Prevention of Allergic Disease
Authors: Lin Peihua , Cao Mengda , Xia Fan , Liao Hongwei , Sun Heng , Wang Qiyue , Lee Jiyoung , Zhou Yan , Guan Yunan , Zhang Cheng , Xu Zhiqiang , Li Fangyuan , Wei Ji‐Fu , Ling Daishun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAllergic diseases are pathological immune responses with significant morbidity, which are closely associated with allergic mediators as released by allergen‐stimulated mast cells (MCs). Prophylactic stabilization of MCs is regarded as a practical approach to prevent allergic diseases. However, most of the existing small molecular MC stabilizers exhibit a narrow therapeutic time window, failing to provide long‐term prevention of allergic diseases. Herein, ceria nanoparticle (CeNP‐) based phosphatase‐mimetic nano‐stabilizers (PMNSs) with a long‐term therapeutic time window are developed for allergic disease prevention. By virtue of the regenerable catalytic hotspots of oxygen vacancies on the surface of CeNPs, PMNSs exhibit sustainable phosphatase‐mimetic activity to dephosphorylate phosphoproteins in allergen‐stimulated MCs. Consequently, PMNSs constantly modulate intracellular phospho‐signaling cascades of MCs to inhibit the degranulation of allergic mediators, which prevents the initiation of allergic mediator‐associated pathological responses, eventually providing protection against allergic diseases with a long‐term therapeutic time window.
Light‐Driven Cascade Mitochondria‐to‐Nucleus Photosensitization in Cancer Cell Ablation
Authors: Wang Kang‐Nan , Liu Liu‐Yi , Qi Guobin , Chao Xi‐Juan , Ma Wen , Yu Zhiqiang , Pan Qiling , Mao Zong‐Wan , Liu Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNuclei and mitochondria are the only cellular organelles containing genes, which are specific targets for efficient cancer therapy. So far, several photosensitizers have been reported for mitochondria targeting, and another few have been reported for nuclei targeting. However, none have been reported for photosensitization in both mitochondria and nucleus, especially in cascade mode, which can significantly reduce the photosensitizers needed for maximal treatment effect. Herein, a light‐driven, mitochondria‐to‐nucleus cascade dual organelle cancer cell ablation strategy is reported. A functionalized iridium complex, named BT‐Ir, is designed as a photosensitizer, which targets mitochondria first for photosensitization and subsequently is translocated to a cell nucleus for continuous photodynamic cancer cell ablation. This strategy opens new opportunities for efficient photodynamic therapy.
Linking subsistence harvest diversity and productivity to adaptive capacity in an Alaskan food sharing network
Authors: Scaggs Shane A. , Gerkey Drew , McLaughlin Katherine R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough anthropogenic climate change poses existential challenges for Indigenous communities in the Arctic, these challenges are not entirely unprecedented. Over many generations, Arctic peoples have developed a wide range of behavioral strategies to navigate environmental change and uncertainty, and these strategies provide a foundation for contemporary adaptation.AimsIn this article, we focus on mixed cash‐subsistence economies and the social networks that underlie them in Alaska. The patterns of food production, labor exchange, and food sharing in subsistence‐oriented communities throughout Alaska are driven by the productivity of keystone households who regularly harvest and share resources within and between communities.Materials & MethodsBuilding on previous research suggesting the critical importance of these networks to community resilience, we use network analysis to investigate whether patterns in resource transfers between households are associated with subsistence harvest diversity—the diversity of species harvested by a household unit. We use exponential random graph models to describe the structure of a sharing network from Aniak, Alaska, and model the links between harvest productivity, harvest diversity, and household position in this network.ResultsOur results indicate that both productivity and diversity are positively associated with network connections, and that productivity alone provides an incomplete model of network structure.DiscussionWe suggest that subsistence harvest diversity may play a unique role in supporting adaptive capacity and resilience by maintaining the productivity of keystone households despite changing environments and sustaining social network structures that circulate resources throughout the community. Harvest diversity may also serve as a broad indicator of Indigenous ecological knowledge and a tangible representation of cultural practices, values, and worldviews that underlie subsistence in Alaska.ConclusionGreater attention to harvest diversity is important for understanding how subsistence networks adapt to environmental change and uncertainty linked to social and ecological dynamics of anthropogenic climate change.
Mechanistic Investigation on Copper–Arylacetylide Polymerization and Sensing Applications
Authors: Liang Quanduo , Chang Xiaoyong , Su Ya‐qiong , Mugo Samuel M. , Zhang Qiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExploration of new polymerization reactions is very intriguing in fundamental and practical research, which will advance reaction theories and produce various functional materials. Herein, we report a new polymerization method based on the reaction of CuIand arylacetylide, which generates linear polymers with high molecular weight and low polydispersity index of molecular weight. The Cu–arylacetylide polymerization exhibits different characteristics with traditional polymerizations such as mild reaction temperature, air atmosphere reaction, high molecular weight, fast polymerization rate, and imprecise molar ratio between monomers. The bond formation path and activation energy of each step was investigated by density functional theory calculations to understand the reaction mechanism. The poly(Cu‐arylacetylide)s exhibit strong fluorescence emission and inherent semiconductive properties, which have been used to fabricate an electronic device for streptavidin sensing.
Defect‐Rich Porous Palladium Metallene for Enhanced Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yu Hongjie , Zhou Tongqing , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetallene with fantastic physicochemical properties is considered as a potential candidate for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Controlling the morphology and structure of metallene can provide a great opportunity to improve its catalytic performance. Herein, defect‐rich ultrathin porous Pd metallene (a sub‐nanometer and curved metal nanosheet) is developed by facile wet‐chemistry strategy for efficient and stable ORR electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolyte. The defect‐rich porous Pd metallene provides abundant highly active sites and vacancy defects, showing superior ORR activity of 0.892 A mgPd−1 at 0.9 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. The mass activity is 5.1 and 16.8 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C and Pd/C, respectively, and maintains well after 5000 cycles. The strain effect and tunable electronic structure derived from highly curved sub‐nanometer nanosheet morphology contribute to the excellent ORR performance by the optimization of oxygen binding ability on Pd. The superior catalytic performance of Pd metallene may open an avenue to design other metallene materials for various fields.
Total Synthesis of Haliclonin A
Authors: Jin Yuan , Orihara Kensuke , Kawagishi Fumiki , Toma Tatsuya , Fukuyama Tohru , Yokoshima Satoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe total synthesis of haliclonin A was accomplished. Starting from 3,5‐dimethoxybenzoic acid, a functionalized cyclohexanone fused to a 17‐membered ring was prepared through a Birch reduction/alkylation sequence, ring‐closing metathesis, intramolecular cyclopropanation, and stereoselective 1,4‐addition of an organocopper reagent to an enone moiety. Reductive C−N bond formation via an N,O‐acetal forged the 3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core. The allyl alcohol moiety was constructed by a sequence involving stereoselective α‐selenylation of an aldehyde via an enamine, syn‐elimination of a selenoxide, and allylation of the aldehyde with an allylboronate. Formation of the 15‐membered ring containing a skipped diene was achieved by ring‐closing metathesis, and final transformations led to the synthesis of haliclonin A.
Preparation and study of stable fluorine‐free superhydrophobicity of cotton fibers
Authors: Xiao Qian , Wang Bin , Huang Yuewen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of directly modifying the surface of cotton fiber to achieve super‐hydrophobic properties. The process was directly utilized the long‐chain alkyl siloxane and the nano‐SiO2 modified cotton cloth, which was simple to operate, low in cost and environmentally friendly. This study discussed the influence of solvent ratio, reactant content and ammonia content on hydrophobicity. The solvent ratio had the greatest influence, and the maximum water contact angle (CA) changes were70° ± 1°. The maximum water CA of the superhydrophobic cotton fabric prepared after process selection was 162 ± 1.5°; it had good acid, alkali and salt resistance. After 24 h in a solution with a pH of 1–14, CA remained almost unchanged; After 144 h in a 3.5% salt solution, CA stabilized above 132°; it had self‐cleaning properties; it had good selective adsorption performance, which can quickly separate oil and water; it had good mechanical stability. After 300 times abrasion of sandpaper, which still shows hydrophobic properties.