bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optogenetic model reveals cell shape regulation through FAK and fascin
Authors: Castillo-Badillo Jean A. , Gautam N. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Cell shape regulation is important, but the mechanisms that govern shape are not fully understood, in part due to limited experimental models in which cell shape changes and underlying molecular processes can be rapidly and non-invasively monitored in real time. Here, we used an optogenetic tool to activate RhoA in the middle of mononucleated macrophages to induce contraction, resulting in a side with the nucleus that retained its shape and a non-nucleated side that was unable to maintain its shape and collapsed. In cells overexpressing focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), the non-nucleated side exhibited a wide flat morphology and was similar in adhesion area to the nucleated side. In cells overexpressing fascin, an actin-bundling protein, the non-nucleated side assumed a spherical shape and was similar in height to the nucleated side. This effect of fascin was also observed in fibroblasts even without inducing furrow formation. Based on these results, we conclude that FAK and fascin work together to maintain cell shape by regulating adhesion area and height, respectively, in different cell types.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Evidence for the use of a high-resolution magnetic map by a short-distance migrant, the Alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris)
Authors: Diego-Rasilla Francisco J. , Phillips John B. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Newts can use spatial variation in the magnetic field (MF) to derive geographic position, but it is unclear how they detect the ‘spatial signal’, which, over the distances that newts move in a day, is an order of magnitude lower than temporal variation in the MF. Previous work has shown that newts take map readings using their light-dependent magnetic compass to align a magnetite-based ‘map detector’ relative to the MF. In this study, time of day, location and light exposure (required by the magnetic compass) were varied to determine when newts obtain map information. Newts were displaced from breeding ponds without access to route-based cues to sites where they were held and/or tested under diffuse natural illumination. We found that: (1) newts held overnight at the testing site exhibited accurate homing orientation, but not if transported to the testing site on the day of testing; (2) newts held overnight under diffuse lighting at a ‘false testing site’ and then tested at a site located in a different direction from their home pond oriented in the home direction from the holding site, not from the site where they were tested; and (3) newts held overnight in total darkness (except for light exposure for specific periods) only exhibited homing orientation the following day if exposed to diffuse illumination during the preceding evening twilight in the ambient MF. These findings demonstrate that, to determine the home direction, newts require access to light and the ambient MF during evening twilight when temporal variation in the MF is minimal.
Efficacy of low-dose radiotherapy (2 Gy × 2) in the treatment of marginal zone and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas
Authors: Cerrato Marzia , Orlandi Erika , Vella Angelisa , Bartoncini Sara , Iorio Giuseppe C , Bongiovanni Diego , Capriotti Francesco , Boccomini Carola , Vassallo Francesco , Cavallin Chiara , De Luca Viola , Giglioli Francesca R , Ricardi Umberto , Levis Mario 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
To investigate the efficacy of a schedule of low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) with 4 Gy (2 Gy x 2) in a cohort of unselected MALT or MZL patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively collected all patients receiving LDRT, either for cure or palliation, for a stage I–IV histologically proven MALT or MZL between 2016 and 2020. Response to LDRT was evaluated with the Lugano criteria. Local control (LC), distant relapse-free survival (DRFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were stratified for treatment intent (curative vs palliative) and estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit.

Results:
Among 45 consecutively enrolled patients with a median age of 68 years (range 22–86), 26 (58%) were female. Thirty-one patients (69%) with a stage I–II disease received LDRT as first line therapy and with a curative intent. Overall response rate was 93%, with no significant difference among curative and palliative intent. With a median follow-up of 18 months, LC, DRFS, PFS and OS at 2 years were 93, 92, 76 and 91%, respectively, in the overall population. Patients receiving curative LDRT had a better PFS at 2 years (85% vs 54%, p &lt; 0.01) compared to patients receiving palliative treatment. LDRT was well tolerated in all patients, without any significant acute or chronic side-effect.

Conclusions:
LDRT is effective and well tolerated in patients affected with MALT or nodal MZL, achieving high response rates and durable remission at 2 years.

Advances in knowledge:
This study shows the efficacy of LDRT in the treatment of MALT and MZL.
Deep inspiration breath-hold for patients with left-sided breast cancer – A one-fits-all approach? A prospective analysis of patient selection using dosimetrical and practical aspects
Authors: Schröder Christina , Kirschke Sebastian , Blank Eyck , Rohrberg Sophia , Förster Robert , Buchali André 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To prospectively analyze the feasibility of an algorithm for patient preparation, treatment planning, and selection for deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) treatment of left-sided breast cancer. Methods: From February 2017 to July 2019, 135 patients with left-sided breast cancer were selected and prepared for radiotherapy in DIBH. 99 received radiotherapy for the breast alone and 36 for the breast including the lymphatic drainage (RNI). Treatment plans DIBH and free breathing (FB) were calculated. Dosimetrical analyses were performed, and criteria were defined to assess whether a patient would dosimetrically profit from DIBH. Results: Of the 135 patients, 97 received a DIBH planning CT and 72 were selected for treatment in DIBH according to predefined criteria. When using DIBH, there was a mean reduction of the DmeanHeart of 2.8 Gy and DmeanLAD of 4.2 Gy. seven patients did not benefit from DIBH regarding DmeanHeart, 23 regarding DmeanLAD. For the left lung, the V20Gy was reduced by 4.9%, the V30Gy by 2.7% with 15 and 29 patients not benefiting from DIBH, respectively. In the 25 patients treated in FB, the benefit of DIBH would have been lower than for patients treated with DIBH (ΔDmeanHeart0.7 Gy vs 3.4 Gy). Conclusion: Dosimetrically, DIBH is no “one-fits-all” approach. However, there is a statistically significant benefit when looking at a larger patient population. DIBH should be used for treatment of left-sided breast cancer in patients fit for DIBH. Advances in knowledge: This analysis offers a well-designed dosimetrical analysis in patients treated with DIBH radiotherapy in an “every day” cohort.
Intercultural Communication and the Clash of Ideologies in the Era of Globalism
Authors: Dyagilev V. , Laamarti Yuliya 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of intercultural communication in the era of globalization. The possibilities of dialogue and communication in the context of opposition to the theory of globalism, national ideology and national values are considered. The paper analyzes the opportunity of the existence of the so-called "universal" values, the potential of their combination and coexistence with traditional and national values. The article substantiates the interference in the affairs of other states of safe democratic values, leads not only to a poor standard of living of these states but also to the denial of the very idea of "democracy". In modern conditions of economic and, above all, financial globalization, the social self-determination of states, their elaboration of sustainable development goals and means of achieving them, will play an important role. This is the task of ideology, which must be rationally substantiated before its concrete implementation. Only in this case fruitful communication and dialogue between countries are possible.
The paper points out that the very concept of "globalization" is often interpreted in completely different ways, there is no scientific approach to its measurement. The national idea, however, cannot rely on abstractions that cannot be realized with the benefit of society. The paper concludes that the clash of civilizations and ideological rapprochement are temporary phenomena and, although multidirectional, but also mutually conditioned. It is on this basis that intercultural communication between states and representatives of different civilizations should be built, even despite the differences in valuation approaches.
Near-octave-spanning breathing soliton crystal in an AlN microresonator
Authors: Weng Haizhong , Afridi Adnan Ali , Liu Jia , Li Jing , Dai Jiangnan , Ma Xiang , Zhang Yi , Lu Qiaoyin , Guo Weihua , Donegan John F. 
Published: June 2021

The soliton crystal (SC) was recently discovered as an extraordinary Kerr soliton state with regularly distributed soliton pulses and enhanced comb line power spaced by multiples of the cavity free spectral ranges (FSRs), which will significantly extend the application potential of microcombs in optical clock, signal processing, and terahertz wave systems. However, the reported SC spectra are generally narrow. In this Letter, we demonstrate the generation of a breathing SC in an aluminum nitride (AlN) microresonator (FSR

∼

374

G
H
z

), featuring a near-octave-spanning (1150–2200 nm) spectral range and a terahertz repetition rate of

∼

1.87

T
H
z

. The measured 60 fs short pulses and low intensity–noise characteristics confirm the high coherence of the breathing SC. Broadband microcombs with various repetition rates of

∼

0.75

,

∼

1.12

, and

∼

1.5

T
H
z

were also realized in different microresonators of the same size. The proposed scheme shows a reliable design strategy for broadband soliton generation with versatile dynamic control over the comb line spacing.
Learning-based self-calibration for correcting lateral and axial field distortions in 3D surface topography measurement
Authors: You Xiaoyu , Wang Yuhang , Li Yifei , Liu Jian , Gu Kang 
Published: June 2021

A learning-based self-calibration method is demonstrated to achieve simultaneous corrections for both lateral and axial field distortions in three-dimensional (3D) surface topography measurements. In this method, the back propagation neural network is introduced into the self-calibration technology to learn the mapping relationship between the distorted space and the undistorted space for realizing the separation of systematic errors and calibration sample topography. The rigid body feature of the artifact is used to construct the loss function to achieve the optimization of network parameters. This method not only retains the advantages of the self-calibration method but also characterizes a complex distortion model. Simulation results show that the accuracy of nanometers is achieved for the correction of lateral and axial field distortions. In the experiment, the root-mean-square (RMS) values of lateral correction residual errors are less than 30 nm, and the axial RMS values are less than 2 nm. Simulation and experimental results prove that this method can correct both lateral and axial field distortions to the level of nanometer by one calibration. It indicates that the learning-based self-calibration method might be the future development trend for lateral and axial field distortions corrections of measuring instruments in 3D surface topography measurement.
High-speed visible supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy of metal oxides
Authors: LoCurto Anthony C. , Welch Michael A. , Sippel Travis R. , Michael James B. 
Published: June 2021

Supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy is applied to energetic material combustion fireball environments using the visible spectrum for temperature and column density measurements of key metal combustion intermediates TiO and AlO. Fireballs are produced by igniting metal/ammonium perchlorate powder beds on a thermal-jump apparatus. This work marks, to our knowledge, the first quantitative absorption measurement of TiO (

B
2

Π
r

−

X
2

Δ
r

,

Δ
v
=
0

) and demonstrates the feasibility of broadband visible metal-oxide absorption thermometry at rates up to 100 kHz. We also demonstrate the capability for single laser-shot absorption measurements. The mean AlO (

B
2

Σ
+

−

X
2

Σ
+

,

Δ
v
=
0

) temperature is 3010 K, whereas TiO has a mean temperature of 2095 K; both agree well with previous literature. Typical signal-to-noise ratios for the TiO and AlO absorption spectra are 22. The 100 kHz measurement rate reveals the time dynamics of titanium combustion—illustrating the potential for broadband multispecies monitoring in dynamic fireball environments.
Photonic lantern tip/tilt detector for adaptive optics systems
Authors: Cruz-Delgado Daniel , Alvarado-Zacarias Juan Carlos , Cooper Matthew A. , Wittek Steffen , Dobias Caleb , Martinez-Mercado Julian , Antonio-Lopez Jose E. , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo 
Published: June 2021

In this work, we demonstrate a four-core multicore fiber photonic lantern tip/tilt wavefront sensor. To diagnose the low-order Zernike aberrations, we exploit the ability of the photonic lantern to encode the characteristics of a complex incoming beam at the multimode facet of the sensor to intensity distributions at the multicore fiber output. Here, we provide a comprehensive numerical analysis capable of predicting the performance of fabricated devices and experimentally demonstrate the concept. Two receiver architectures are implemented to discern tip/tilt information by (i) imaging the four-core fiber facet on a 2D detector and (ii) direct power measurement of the single mode outputs using a multicore fiber multiplexer and photodetectors. For both receiver schemes, an angular detection window of

∼

0.4
∘

at 1064 nm can be achieved. Our results are expected to further facilitate the development of intensity-based fiber wavefront sensors for adaptive optics systems.
Mode converter with C+L band coverage based on the femtosecond laser inscribed long period fiber grating
Authors: Yang Cailong , Zhang Cong , Fu Songnian , Shen Lei , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen 
Published: June 2021

The mode converter (MC) is one of the key components for mode division multiplexing (MDM). Here, we experimentally demonstrate an all-fiber long period grating (LPG) based MC inscribed in the few-mode fiber (FMF) with the line-by-line femtosecond laser irradiation technique. Experimental characterization results agree well with the theoretical calculations, and a clear mode evolution from the

L
P

01

mode to the

L
P

11

mode is observed with the tuning of the operation wavelength. An average mode conversion efficiency of more than 90% and an average insertion loss of less than 5 dB, together with a polarization-dependent loss of less than 3 dB, are achieved over the C+L band with a good repeatability. The proposed MC based on the LPG inscribed into the FMF has the advantages of mode scalability, compact size, and wideband operation, which is desired for the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and MDM hybrid transmission.
Widely tunable, high-power, femtosecond noncollinear optical parametric oscillator in the visible spectral range
Authors: Mevert Robin , Binhammer Yuliya , Dietrich Christian M. , Beichert Luise , Cardoso de Andrade José R. , Binhammer Thomas , Fan Jintao , Morgner Uwe 
Published: June 2021

Ultrafast visible radiation is of great importance for many applications ranging from spectroscopy to metrology. Because some regions in the visible range are not covered by laser gain media, optical parametric oscillators offer an added value. Besides a high-power broadband laser source, the ability to rapidly tune the frequency of pulses with high-power spectral density offers an extra benefit for experiments such as multicolor spectroscopy or imaging. Here, we demonstrate a broadband, high-power, rapidly tunable femtosecond noncollinear optical parametric oscillator with a signal tuning range of 440–720 nm in the visible range. The oscillator is pumped by the third harmonic of an Yb-fiber laser at 345 nm with a repetition rate of 50.2 MHz. Moreover, the signal wavelength is tuned by changing the cavity length only, and output powers up to 452 mW and pulse durations down to 268 fs are achieved. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a quickly tunable femtosecond optical parametric oscillator that covers nearly the entire visible spectral range with high output power.
A soft voting ensemble classifier for early prediction and diagnosis of occurrences of major adverse cardiovascular events for STEMI and NSTEMI during 2-year follow-up in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sherazi Syed Waseem Abbas , Bae Jang-Whan , Lee Jong Yun 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Some researchers have studied about early prediction and diagnosis of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but their accuracies were not high. Therefore, this paper proposes a soft voting ensemble classifier (SVE) using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Methods
We used the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry dataset and selected 11,189 subjects among 13,104 with the 2-year follow-up. It was subdivided into two groups (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction NSTEMI), and then subdivided into training (70%) and test dataset (30%). Third, we selected the ranges of hyper-parameters to find the best prediction model from random forest (RF), extra tree (ET), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and SVE. We generated each ML-based model with the best hyper-parameters, evaluated by 5-fold stratified cross-validation, and then verified by test dataset. Lastly, we compared the performance in the area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score.

Results
The accuracies for RF, ET, GBM, and SVE were (88.85%, 88.94%, 87.84%, 90.93%) for complete dataset, (84.81%, 85.00%, 83.70%, 89.07%) STEMI, (88.81%, 88.05%, 91.23%, 91.38%) NSTEMI. The AUC values in RF were (98.96%, 98.15%, 98.81%), ET (99.54%, 99.02%, 99.00%), GBM (98.92%, 99.33%, 99.41%), and SVE (99.61%, 99.49%, 99.42%) for complete dataset, STEMI, and NSTEMI, respectively. Consequently, the accuracy and AUC in SVE outperformed other ML models.

Conclusions
The performance of our SVE was significantly higher than other machine learning models (RF, ET, GBM) and its major prognostic factors were different. This paper will lead to the development of early risk prediction and diagnosis tool of MACE in ACS patients.
Microbial aspects and potential markers for differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis among adult patients
Authors: Alnomasy Sultan F. , Alotaibi Bader S. , Mujamammi Ahmed H. , Hassan Elham A. , Ali Mohamed E. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
Meningitis is a medical emergency with permanent disabilities and high mortality worldwide. We aimed to determine causative microorganisms and potential markers for differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis.

Methodology
Adult patients with acute meningitis were subjected to lumber puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microorganisms were identified using Real-time PCR. PCT and CRP levels, peripheral and CSF-leucocyte count, CSF-protein and CSF-glucose levels were assessed.

Results
Out of 80 patients, infectious meningitis was confirmed in 75 cases; 38 cases were bacterial meningitis, 34 cases were viral meningitis and three cases were mixed infection. Higher PCT, peripheral and CSF-leukocytosis, higher CSF-protein and lower CSF-glucose levels were more significant in bacterial than viral meningitis patients. Neisseria meningitides was the most frequent bacteria and varicella-zoster virus was the most common virus. Using ROC analyses, serum PCT and CSF-parameters can discriminate bacterial from viral meningitis. Combined ROC analyses of PCT and CSF-protein significantly improved the effectiveness in predicting bacterial meningitis (AUC of 0.998, 100%sensitivity and 97.1%specificity) than each parameter alone (AUC of 0.951 for PCT and 0.996 for CSF-protein).

Conclusion
CSF-protein and serum PCT are considered as potential markers for differentiating bacterial from viral meningitis and their combination improved their predictive accuracy to bacterial meningitis.
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva using a guanidium based transport medium suitable for RT-PCR diagnostic assays
Authors: Banik Sukalyani , Saibire Kaheerman , Suryavanshi Shraddha , Johns Glenn , Chakravorty Soumitesh , Kwiatkowski Robert , Alland David , Banada Padmapriya P. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Upper respiratory samples used to test for SARS-CoV-2 virus may be infectious and present a hazard during transport and testing. A buffer with the ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 at the time of sample collection could simplify and expand testing for COVID-19 to non-conventional settings.

Methods
We evaluated a guanidium thiocyanate-based buffer, eNAT™ (Copan) as a possible transport and inactivation medium for downstream Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing to detect SARS-CoV-2. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 in eNAT and in diluted saliva was studied at different incubation times. The stability of viral RNA in eNAT was also evaluated for up to 7 days at room temperature (28°C), refrigerated conditions (4°C) and at 35°C.

Results
SARS-COV-2 virus spiked directly in eNAT could be inactivated at >5.6 log10 PFU/ml within a minute of incubation. When saliva was diluted 1:1 in eNAT, no cytopathic effect (CPE) on VeroE6 cells was observed, although SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected even after 30 min incubation and after two cell culture passages. A 1:2 (saliva:eNAT) dilution abrogated both CPE and detectable viral RNA after as little as 5 min incubation in eNAT. SARS-CoV-2 RNA from virus spiked at 5X the limit of detection remained positive up to 7 days of incubation in all tested conditions.

Conclusion
eNAT and similar guanidinium thiocyanate-based media may be of value for transport, stabilization, and processing of clinical samples for RT-PCR based SARS-CoV-2 detection.