bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of deformation characteristics of Asymmetric Gradient Extrusion in preparing ultra-fine grained bulk materials
Authors: Fan Junkai , Wang Chengpeng , Zhao Wu , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A novel method to prepare ultra-fine grained bulk materials, which is named Asymmetric Gradient Extrusion (AGE), is proposed in this article. In AGE, the cross section of extrusion channel is rectangle and two inclined planes are stagger arranged along extrusion direction. To realize repeating extrusion, the thickness of workpiece is restricted to equal the width of channel’s outlet. The deformation characteristics of AGE was first theoretically analyzed by slip line field. Then, these results were verified and supplemented by finite element analysis. The results reveal that deformation characteristics of workpiece in channel is largely related to the two inclined planes. Two independent deformation zones (TIDZ) can be formed with increasing distance between the two inclined planes. In addition, the accumulated strain generated in the TIDZ is complementary in value. Furthermore, the shearing effects of workpiece subjected in one pass extrusion has been improved. A more uniform strain distribution and higher shearing effect can be generated in AGE, which make it as a very promising method to produce ultra-fine grained bulk materials.
Evaluation of surface roughness and wall thickness in the incremental stamping process with variation in the degrees of freedom of the contact tool
Authors: Silva Gilmar Cordeiro , Souza Lucas Moraes Rufini , Patrício Lucio Flavio Santos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, the performance of a rotating semi-spherical tool (with two degrees of freedom) is compared with another rigid semi-spherical tool, both with a diameter of 8.0 mm. The stamping is performed on AA1100 aluminium blanks with a thickness of 0.8 mm, using a helical strategy and single point incremental forming technique, with a feed rate of 1000 mm/min, a step depth of 0.1 mm, without rotation on the machine spindle and petroleum jelly as a lubricant. The behaviour of Ra and Rq roughness and wall thickness is evaluated during the tests. Scanning electron microscopy and dispersive energy spectroscopy are used to observe the wear mechanisms on the surface of the samples. On this basis, the tools for incremental stamping must promote continuous contact with the blank without generating excessive friction. Our results show that the rigid tool presents the best working conditions for the AA1100 aluminium sheets because it generates less roughness in the stamped parts, when compared with the rotating tool (~ 54% lower in the final average of the Ra roughness). The scanning electron microscopy image reveals the presence of adhesion both on the contact tip of the rotational tool and on the rigid tool, showing that the adhesive wear mechanism is predominant in the single point incremental forming process and influences the final roughness of the stamping cones.
The Potential of Papain and Zingibain Proteolytic Against β-amyloid (Aβ) Protein in Senile Cataracts
Authors: Cahyana Nugraha Wahyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose : The protein aggregation process that forms senile cataracts is related to the pathway for making amyloid structures. With age the increase in β-secretase activity increases. β- and γ-secretase are enzymes that catalyze Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (APP) into β-amyloid (Aβ) structure. So that the β-amyloid (Aβ) formed must be cleaved using an enzyme containing protease to break down the proteins contained in the enzyme papain (Carica papaya L.) and zingibain enzymes (Zingiber officinale). So the In silico test is needed to see the binding ability between the proteolytic effects of the papain enzyme and the zingibain enzyme on β-amyloid (Aβ) protein. Determining the proteolytic potential of the papain enzyme and Zingibain enzyme against β-amyloid (Aβ) protein. Methods : collecting data of papain, zingibain enzyme and protein from RSCB and NCBI predicting the proteolytic potential of papain and zingibain enzyme against β-amyloid (Aβ) with docking simulation by In Silico Study and data analysis was carried out. Results : The binding interaction model is 1 for the papain enzyme and 0 for the zingibain enzyme with the binding affinity value for the papain enzyme is -697.2 and for the zingibain enzyme is -873.5. Conclusion : The papain enzyme isolated from papaya latex (Carica papaya L.) and Zingibain found in ginger (Zingiber officinale) has the ability to form bonds with β-amyloid (Aβ) protein so it has the potential to be developed as a useful proteolytic as a preventive for senile cataracts.
Impact of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and temperature on coronavirus disease mortality: observed trends in France
Authors: Tchicaya Anastase , Lorentz Nathalie , Omrani Hichem , de Lanchy Gaetan , Leduc Kristell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature and long-term exposure to air pollution on the COVID-19 mortality rate at the sub-national level in France.Methods This cross-sectional study considered different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to December 2020. It included 96 departments (or NUTS 3) in mainland France. Data on long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5), annual mean temperature, health services, health risk, and socio-spatial factors were used as covariates in negative binomial regression analysis to assess their influence on the COVID-19 mortality rate. All data were obtained from open-access sources.Results The cumulative COVID-19 mortality rate by department increased during the study period in metropolitan France—from 19.8/100,000 inhabitants (standard deviation (SD): 20.1) on 1 May 2020, to 65.4/100,000 inhabitants (SD: 39.4) on 31 December 2020. The rate was the highest in the departments where the annual average of long-term exposure to PM2.5 was high. The negative binomial regression models showed that a 1 µg/m³ increase in the annual average PM2.5 concentration was associated with a statistically significant increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate, corresponding to 24.4%, 25.8%, 26.4%, 26.7%, 27.1%, 25.8%, and 15.1% in May, June, July, August, September, October, and November, respectively. This association was no longer significant on 1 and 31 December 2020. The association between temperature and the COVID-19 mortality rate was only significant on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020. An increase of 1°C in the average temperature was associated with a decrease in the COVID-19-mortality rate, corresponding to 9.7%, 13.3%, and 14.5% on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020, respectively.Conclusion This study found significant associations between the COVID-19 mortality rate and long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature. However, these associations tended to decrease with the persistence of the pandemic and massive spread of the disease across the entire country.
Phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon derived from Cigarette Filter for adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Macchi Samantha , Alsebai Zane , Watanabe Fumiya , Ilyas Arooba , Atif Shiraz , Viswanathan Tito , Siraj Noureen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Global access to sanitary water is of utmost importance to human health. Presently, textile dye water pollution and cigarette pollution are both plaguing the environment. Herein, waste cigarette filters are converted into useful carbon-based adsorbent materials via a facile, microwave-assisted carbonization procedure. The cigarette filters are co-doped with phosphorus and nitrogen using ammonium polyphosphate to enhance their surface characteristics and adsorbent capability. The adsorbents are characterized physically to examine their surface area, elemental composition, and surface charge properties. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to determine the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Additionally, the effects of various adsorption parameters— temperature, adsorbent dosage, pH, and time—on adsorption process were examined. The doped adsorbent showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 303.3 mg g− 1 respectively, which is three times that of the methylene blue adsorption capacity of commercially available activated carbon (~ 100 mg g− 1). Thus, the phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbonized waste cigarette filter adsorbent shows a profound potential as a sustainable solution to combat textile dye water pollution and cigarette filter pollution simultaneously, due to its low cost, simple preparation, and versatility in application.
Nicotinamide as potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease: a translational study based on metabolomics
Authors: Dalmasso Maria Carolina , Aran Martin , Galeano Pablo , Perin Silvia , Giavalisco Patick , Adami Pamela Victoria Martino , Castano Eduardo Migual , Cuello A. Claudio , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfang , Wagner Michael , Reidel-Heller Steffi , Ramirez Alfredo , Morelli Laura 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The metabolic routes altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are poorly understood. We performed untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomics in hippocampus of McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rats, a model of AD-like cerebral amyloidosis. Three groups of 9 month-old rats were tested: hemizygous Tg+/-, displaying mild amyloid pathology characterized by intraneuronal amyloid β (iAβ) accumulation; homozygous Tg+/+, showing iAβ, senile plaques (extracellular Aβ deposition) and neuroinflammation, and wild-type (WT). Eighteen metabolites were detected, three of them showed significant differences among genotypes, but only two were specifically assigned to a known molecule: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide (Nam). Only Tg+/+ rats showed significantly decreased levels of total-NAD, NADH and NAD + as compared to WT, and a significant increase in NAD+/NADH ratio, suggesting an alteration of the redox state, alongside the reduction of all forms of NAD. Transcript levels of NAD-consuming (CD38 and PARP2) and NAD-synthesis (NMNAT2) enzymes were increased in both transgenic genotypes. Next, Nam and NAD were evaluated at the peripheral level by targeted 1H-NMR analysis in rat plasma, where NAD/H was undetectable, Nam levels were unchanged among genotypes, but Trigonelline (a metabolic product of Nam) was reduced in Tg+/+. Finally, the translational potential of these findings in the rat model was assessed by measuring Nam and Trigonelline levels in plasma of participants in the German longitudinal study on Aging, Cognition and Dementia (AgeCoDe), by targeted GC-EI/MS. While trigonelline was undetected, Nam was significantly reduced in AD demented patients respect to cognitively normal participants (controls). This finding in Nam was replicated in a second independent case-control sample drawn from the same AgeCoDe. Next, the predictive value of Nam on disease progression was analyzed in AgeCoDe. Herein, reduction of Nam levels was observed in AgeCoDe participants who progressed to AD dementia ~ 1 year after blood collection, whereas Nam level were not reduced in those who converted afterwards. In summary, this preclinical study suggests that dysregulation of NAD/Nam depends on cerebral amyloid burden, and support the hypothesis that changes observed in the hippocampus may be detected in plasma. Furthermore, the findings in AgeCoDe points toward the potential use of Nam as plasma biomarker for AD.
Geologically calibrated mammalian tree and the corresponding global events, including birth of human
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Wakabayashi John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The robust timetree could be constructed using a calibration function of BEAST v1. X released in 2018 simply by applying times of the most recent (= the latest) common ancestors (tMRCAs) for specific monophyletic species groups (clades). The present research is probably the first trial to fully use the calibration function in BEAST X. The specific node age (child tMRCA) in BEAST X = “minimum age” in conventional MCMCTree, but the “maximum age” in MCMCTree can be equivalent to, e.g., the parent node age (parent tMRCA) in BEAST X. We applied 19 mammalian fossil calibration ages considering Benton et al. (2015; solely their minimum ages), including those of fossil Gorilla and Pan + one geologic event calibration age for otters (= Quaternary isolation time of the Ryukyu islands and start of vicariant speciation), and we estimated our targeted splitting age of Homo and Pan at 5.69 Ma (calibration dates by Benton et al., 2015 were incorrect). After the initial rifting at 120 Ma, the Atlantic Ocean spread over 500 km on Chron 34 (84 Ma), and Afrotheria (Africa) and Xenarthra (South America) started vicariant speciation at this time (~ 70 Ma), reflecting the progressed continental isolation. Ordinal-level differentiations started just after the K-Pg boundary (66.0 Ma), and this timing reconfirmed that mammalian radiation occurred by rapidly filling the niches left vacant by the non-avian dinosaurs. In addition, we made a base substitution rate vs age diagram using the BEAST X function and showed that the rate exponentially increased and accelerated toward the Holocene, other than having the 55 Ma mild peak reflecting the post K-Pg mammalian explosion. The increased rate might have consequently increased the biodiversity, and extensive adaptive radiation might have ultimately birthed Homo sapiens. The basic factor of radiation might be the generation and spreading of C4 grasses since 20 Ma, which has been linked to increasing carbon fixation, decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, cooling Earth, and triggering the Quaternary (2.58 Ma ~) glacier-inter glacier cycle and severe climatic change. Note that Perissodactyla and Cetartiodactyla (Laurasiatheria) feed on C4 grasses (savanna), and Carnivora (also Laurasiatheria) is the predator, also suggesting coevolutions since 20 Ma.
The climate role of CO2 – nature’s telling from 400 Mio. years
Authors: Anderl Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The broader public demand reproducibility of scientific results particularly related to hot societal topics such as climate change. Our studies focus on the 80:20-rule to identify the essentials from the readily observable. It is found that the paleo-records on the past 400 Mio. years well constrain the compound universal climate role of CO2, this being represented by a very simple formula in line with previous sophisticated simulation results.
Número especial en investigación en Psicología ambiental
Authors: Tapia-Fonllem Cesar Octavio , Navarro-Carrascal Oscar 
Published: May 2021

Con el ánimo de recoger experiencias de investigación y aportes de la psicología ambiental en torno a los cambios sociales y ambientales actuales, nace este número especial. En él se presentan algunas reflexiones teóricas y metodológicas respecto a la relación de los individuos con su entorno, fruto del trabajo de investigadores de diferentes contextos institucionales y culturales. El resultado final nos permite reconocer autores y co-autores, todos ellos investigadores del campo de la Psicología Ambiental de diversos países: Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, México, España, Francia e Indonesia; y temáticas como el abordaje y estudio de las actitudes y comportamiento pro-ambientales, conducta sostenible, conectividad con la naturaleza, cosmovisión ambiental, gestión del riesgo, apego e identidad al lugar, felicidad, bienestar y futuro trascendente.
Crimen en Lima: una aproximación con datos distritales
Authors: Hernández Breña Wilson 
Published: May 2021

Lima no solo mantiene niveles delictivos preocupantes sino también heterogéneos entresus distritos. Pese a ello, son pocas las respuestas que se han dado a la pregunta máselemental: ¿qué causa el crimen en los distritos de Lima? Se usó el pool de datos delos siete años de la Encuesta Nacional de Programas Estratégicos (2010-2016) a fin deobtener artificialmente una muestra representativa de 35 distritos de Lima (N=53,787).Solo así fue posible responder a los dos objetivos de esta investigación: (1) analizar quétan homogéneo es el crimen (y sus causas) entre un distrito y otro en Lima (análisis de
clúster) y (2) identificar las razones que hacen que un distrito de Lima tenga más victimi-zación que otro (modelación multinivel). Los resultados indican que, con el propósito de
explicar las causas del crimen, es incorrecto tratar a Lima como un bloque homogéneo dedistritos; estos, por el contrario, se pueden clasificar en tres grupos: protección latente,protección limitada y desprotección abierta, cada uno con una relación distinta con lastres teorías del crimen evaluadas (desorganización social, actividades rutinarias y capitalsocial). Las implicancias apuntan a brindar mayor importancia a la multicausalidad deldelito, mejorar y evaluar la participación local de la policía y contar con una mejor gestiónde los incentivos económicos entregados a las municipalidades.
A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Asian Americans: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Quach Thu , Ðoàn Lan N , Liou Julia , Ponce Ninez A 
Published: May 2021

Background
The diverse Asian American population has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but due to limited data and other factors, disparities experienced by this population are hidden.

Objective
This study aims to describe the Asian American community’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, California, and to better inform a Federally Qualified Health Center’s (FQHC) health care services and response to challenges faced by the community.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May 20 and June 23, 2020, using a multipronged recruitment approach, including word-of-mouth, FQHC patient appointments, and social media posts. The survey was self-administered online or administered over the phone by FQHC staff in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Vietnamese. Survey question topics included COVID-19 testing and preventative behaviors, economic impacts of COVID-19, experience with perceived mistreatment due to their race/ethnicity, and mental health challenges.

Results
Among 1297 Asian American respondents, only 3.1% (39/1273) had previously been tested for COVID-19, and 46.6% (392/841) stated that they could not find a place to get tested. In addition, about two-thirds of respondents (477/707) reported feeling stressed, and 22.6% (160/707) reported feeling depressed. Furthermore, 5.6% (72/1275) of respondents reported being treated unfairly because of their race/ethnicity. Among respondents who experienced economic impacts from COVID-19, 32.2% (246/763) had lost their regular jobs and 22.5% (172/763) had reduced hours or reduced income. Additionally, 70.1% (890/1269) of respondents shared that they avoid leaving their home to go to public places (eg, grocery stores, church, and school).

Conclusions
We found that Asian Americans had lower levels of COVID-19 testing and limited access to testing, a high prevalence of mental health issues and economic impacts, and a high prevalence of risk-avoidant behaviors (eg, not leaving the house) in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings provide preliminary insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Asian American communities served by an FQHC and underscore the longstanding need for culturally and linguistically appropriate approaches to providing mental health, outreach, and education services. These findings led to the establishment of the first Asian multilingual and multicultural COVID-19 testing sites in the local area where the study was conducted, and laid the groundwork for subsequent COVID-19 programs, specifically contact tracing and vaccination programs.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions about Effective Pedagogy: Netnographic Analysis
Authors: De Gagne Jennie C , Koppel Paula D , Park Hyeyoung K , Cadavero Allen , Cho Eunji , Rushton Sharron , Yamane Sandra S , Manturuk Kim , Jung Dukyoo 
Published: May 2021

Background
Effective pedagogy that encourages high standards of excellence and commitment to lifelong learning is essential in health professions education to prepare students for real-life challenges such as health disparities and global health issues. Creative learning and innovative teaching strategies empower students with high-quality, practical, real-world knowledge and meaningful skills to reach their potential as future health care providers.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore health profession students’ perceptions of whether their learning experiences were associated with good or bad pedagogy during asynchronous discussion forums. The further objective of the study was to identify how perceptions of the best and worst pedagogical practices reflected the students’ values, beliefs, and understanding about factors that made a pedagogy good during their learning history.

Methods
A netnographic qualitative design was employed in this study. The data were collected on February 3, 2020 by exporting archived data from multiple sessions of a graduate-level nursing course offered between the fall 2016 and spring 2020 semesters at a large private university in the southeast region of the United States. Each student was a data unit. As an immersive data operation, field notes were taken by all research members. Data management and analysis were performed with NVivo 12.

Results
A total of 634 posts were generated by 153 students identified in the dataset. Most of these students were female (88.9%). From the 97 categories identified, four themes emerged: (T) teacher presence built through relationship and communication, (E) environment conducive to affective and cognitive learning, (A) assessment and feedback processes that yield a growth mindset, and (M) mobilization of pedagogy through learner- and community-centeredness.

Conclusions
The themes that emerged from our analysis confirm findings from previous studies and provide new insights. Our study highlights the value of technology as a tool for effective pedagogy. A resourceful teacher can use various communication techniques to develop meaningful connections between the learner and teacher. Styles of communication will vary according to the unique expectations and needs of learners with different learning preferences; however, the aim is to fully engage each learner, establish a rapport between and among students, and nurture an environment characterized by freedom of expression in which ideas flow freely. We suggest that future research continue to explore the influence of differing course formats and pedagogical modalities on student learning experiences.