bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Program for Multimessenger Standard Siren Cosmology in the Era of LIGO A+, Rubin Observatory, and Beyond
Authors: Chen Hsin-Yu , Cowperthwaite Philip S. , Metzger Brian D. , Berger Edo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The most promising variation of the standard siren technique combines gravitational-wave (GW) data for binary neutron star (BNS) mergers with redshift measurements enabled by their electromagnetic (EM) counterparts, to constrain cosmological parameters such as H
0, Ω
m
, and w
0. Here we evaluate the near- and long-term prospects of multimessenger cosmology in the era of future GW observatories: Advanced LIGO Plus (A+, 2025), Voyager-like detectors (2030s), and Cosmic Explorer–like detectors (2035 and beyond). We show that the BNS horizon distance of ≈ 700 Mpc for A+ is well matched to the sensitivity of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (VRO) for kilonova detections. We find that one year of joint A+ and VRO observations will constrain the value of H
0 to percent-level precision, given a small investment of VRO time dedicated to target-of-opportunity GW follow-up. In the Voyager era, the BNS–kilonova observations begin to constrain Ω
m
with an investment of a few percent of VRO time. With the larger BNS horizon distance in the Cosmic Explorer era, on-axis short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and their afterglows (though accompanying only some of the GW-detected mergers) supplant kilonovae as the most promising counterparts for redshift identification. We show that five years of joint observations with Cosmic Explorer–like facilities and a next-generation gamma-ray satellite with localization capabilities similar to that presently possible with Swift could constrain both Ω
m
and w
0 to 15%–20%. We therefore advocate for a robust target-of-opportunity (ToO) program with VRO, and a wide-field gamma-ray satellite with improved sensitivity in the 2030s, to enable standard siren cosmology with next-generation gravitational-wave facilities.
The Parallax of ω Centauri Measured from Gaia EDR3 and a Direct, Geometric Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch and the Hubble Constant
Authors: Soltis John , Casertano Stefano , Riess Adam G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We use data from the ESA Gaia mission Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) to measure the trigonometric parallax of ω Cen, the first high-precision parallax measurement for the most massive globular cluster in the Milky Way. We use a combination of positional and high-quality proper motion data from EDR3 to identify over 100,000 cluster members, of which 67,000 are in the magnitude and color range where EDR3 parallaxes are best calibrated. We find the estimated parallax to be robust, demonstrating good control of systematics within the color–magnitude diagram of the cluster. We find a parallax for the cluster of 0.191 ± 0.001 (statistical) ±0.004 (systematic) mas (2.2% total uncertainty) corresponding to a distance of 5.24 ± 0.11 kpc. The parallax of ω Cen provides a unique opportunity to directly and geometrically calibrate the luminosity of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) because it is the only cluster with sufficient mass to provide enough red giant stars, more than 100 one magnitude below the tip, for a precise, model-free measurement of the tip. Combined with the preexisting and most widely used measurements of the tip and foreground Milky Way extinction, we find M

I,TRGB =−3.97 ± 0.06 mag for the I-band luminosity of the blue edge. Using the TRGB luminosity calibrated from the Gaia EDR3 parallax of ω Cen to calibrate the luminosity of Type Ia supernovae results in a value for the Hubble constant of H
0 = 72.1 ± 2.0 km s−1 Mpc−1. We make the data for the stars in ω Cen available electronically and encourage independent analyses of the results presented here.
Cosmic Distances Calibrated to 1% Precision with Gaia EDR3 Parallaxes and Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of 75 Milky Way Cepheids Confirm Tension with ΛCDM
Authors: Riess Adam G. , Casertano Stefano , Yuan Wenlong , Bowers J. Bradley , Macri Lucas , Zinn Joel C. , Scolnic Dan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present an expanded sample of 75 Milky Way Cepheids with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry and Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, which we use to recalibrate the extragalactic distance ladder and refine the determination of the Hubble constant. All HST observations were obtained with the same instrument (WFC3) and filters (F555W, F814W, F160W) used for imaging of extragalactic Cepheids in Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) hosts. The HST observations used the WFC3 spatial scanning mode to mitigate saturation and reduce pixel-to-pixel calibration errors, reaching a mean photometric error of 5 millimags per observation. We use new Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, greatly improved since DR2, and the period–luminosity (P–L) relation of these Cepheids to simultaneously calibrate the extragalactic distance ladder and to refine the determination of the Gaia EDR3 parallax offset. The resulting geometric calibration of Cepheid luminosities has 1.0% precision, better than any alternative geometric anchor. Applied to the calibration of SNe Ia, it results in a measurement of the Hubble constant of 73.0 ± 1.4 km s−1 Mpc−1, in good agreement with conclusions based on earlier Gaia data releases. We also find the slope of the Cepheid P–L relation in the Milky Way, and the metallicity dependence of its zero-point, to be in good agreement with the mean values derived from other galaxies. In combination with the best complementary sources of Cepheid calibration, we reach 1.8% precision and find H
0 = 73.2 ± 1.3 km s−1 Mpc−1, a 4.2σ difference with the prediction from Planck CMB observations under ΛCDM. We expect to reach ∼1.3% precision in the near term from an expanded sample of ∼40 SNe Ia in Cepheid hosts.
Transverse Loop Oscillations via Vortex Shedding: A Self-oscillating Process
Authors: Karampelas Konstantinos , Van Doorsselaere Tom 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Identifying the underlying mechanisms behind the excitation of transverse oscillations in coronal loops is essential for their role as diagnostic tools in coronal seismology and their potential use as wave heating mechanisms of the solar corona. In this paper, we explore the concept of these transverse oscillations being excited through a self-sustaining process, caused by Alfvénic vortex shedding from strong background flows interacting with coronal loops. We show for the first time in 3D simulations that vortex shedding can generate transverse oscillations in coronal loops, in the direction perpendicular to the flow due to periodic “pushing” by the vortices. By plotting the power spectral density we identify the excited frequencies of these oscillations. We see that these frequencies are dependent both on the speed of the flow, as well as the characteristics of the oscillating loop. This, in addition to the fact that the background flow is constant and not periodic, makes us treat this as a self-oscillating process. Finally, the amplitudes of the excited oscillations are near constant in amplitude, and are comparable with the observations of decay-less oscillations. This makes the mechanism under consideration a possible interpretation of these undamped waves in coronal loops.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Algeria: phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical isolates
Authors: Benamrouche Nabila , Guettou Badia , Henniche Fatma Zohra , Assaous Farida , Laouar Houcine , Ziane Hanifa , Djennane Fazia , Tiouit Djamal , Bentchouala Chafia , Yamouni Ferroudja , Rahal Kheira , Tali Maamar Hassiba 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of our study was to determine the microbiological, epidemiological and molecular characteristics of VREfm isolated in north-central, eastern and western Algeria.
Methodology: a collection of 48 VREfm isolated from September 2010 to April 2017 in several Algerian hospitals were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test method according to CLSI guidelines. the detection of van genotype of all strains was performed by PCR. Clonal relationship of five VREfm targeted by region were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Results: All isolates have multidrug-resistance (MDR) and were resistant to at least five classes of antibiotics; however, all were susceptible to tigecycline and daptomycin with MIC50 at 0.094 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL respectively. All strains belonged to vanA genotype and have high level of resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. MLST revealed two sequence types (STs): ST80 (from the four regions of Algeria) and ST789, both belonging to the former hospital-adapted clonal complex CC17.
Conclusions: the alarming dissemination of MDR E. faecium vanA and the ST80 in several regions of Algeria suggest a clonal spread of VREfm strains, which urgently require implementation of adequate infection control measures.
Malaria epidemic in humanitarian crisis settings the case of South Kordofan state, Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Nouh S , Ali Yousif , Muneer Mohamed S , Siddig Emmanuel E , Sibley Carol H , Ahmed Ayman 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Malaria remains one of the most common public health problems worldwide, especially in Sudan. With this short communication we aimed at reporting on the latest malaria epidemic that had occurred in the humanitarian settings in South Kordofan state, south-western Sudan, during 2018 and 2019.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study analyzing malaria surveillance reports between February 2018 to September 2019. Malaria was reported from febrile patients with confirmed malaria diagnosis using Giemsa stain. According to age, patients were distributed across three categories: less than 5 years, 5 to 15 years, and more than 15 years.
Results: In 2019 and 2018, 63,214 and 63,224 cases of malaria were reported, respectively, constituting around 5.5% of the state population (1,152,900). In 2018, 3,571 malaria cases were reported in February, then they decreased in August followed by increase in September-October. In 2019, 15,610 malaria cases were reported in September. Malaria cases aged less than 5 years were 21,848 and 23,561 cases in 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Conclusions: The reported sudden epidemic of malaria is alarming. Therefore, identifying the risk factors associated with this epidemic is crucial to malaria prevention and control, and hence successful achievement of malaria elimination.
Detection of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a public healthcare center from Venezuela
Authors: Gomez-Gamboa Liliana , Perozo-Mena Armindo , Bermudez-Gonzalez Jose , Villavicencio Christty , Villasmil Jessica , Ginestre Messaria M , Velasquez Jesvy 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The dramatic increase in the prevalence and clinical impact of infections caused by Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria in the nosocomial setting in Latin America represents an emerging challenge to public health. The present study detected carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in patients from a Hospital from Venezuela, by phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Methodology: The bacterial identification was carried out using conventional methods. The resistance to carbapenems was performed by Kirby-Baüer disk diffusion method, according to CLSI recommendations. The modified Hodge Test, double-disk with phenylboronic acid, double-disk with EDTA and Blue Carba Test were performed to detect phenotypic carbapenemase producers. The carbapenemase-encoding genes blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-2, blaOXA-3, blaOXA-15 and blaOXA-21 were determined.
Results: The bacterial species identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (181), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (51), and Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (119). KPC-type was detected in 40.17% of isolates and VIM-type in 14.53%. KPC-type gene was only identified in K. pneumoniae isolates (77.9%). VIM-type gene was identified in P. aeruginosa (86.27%) and K. pneumoniae isolates (3.87%). There was not detection of IMP-type and OXA-type genes.
Conclusions: We found a predominance of K. pneumoniae KPC producers and a high rate of VIM-producing P. aeruginosa. The epidemiology of CPB in Venezuela is rapidly evolving, and enhanced surveillance and reporting are needed across the healthcare continuum.
An Analytical Study of Nodleke and Atto Loth’s Thoughts about Mystical Letters
Authors: Rabia Sumera , Sadia Syeda 
Published: February 2021

حروف مقطعات کے حوالے سے مستشرق نولڈ یکے اور آٹو لوتھ کی آراء کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Mystical letters are among the miracles of Quran. These mystical letters are present at the start of Quranic Surah’s (Chapters). These are among the mutashabihat (Analogies) of Quran. Muslim scholars tried to define their meanings. Like other aspects of Quran and Hadith orientalists talk about mystical letters of the Quran. This article analyses the theories of Noldeke and Otto Loth regarding mysterious letters of Quran. What are their views about mystical letters of the Quran? Are their views according to the Islamic point of view of mystical letters? What are the deviations and differences as compared to traditional Islamic point of view of mystical letters? This research has been analytical by nature, both qualitative and analytical methods have been implemented. Analyses of the views of both of the scholars in the light of traditional Islamic concept of mystical letters, shows that Orientalists including Noldeke and Otto Loth thought that mystical letters are not the part of revelation. According to them these are the names of the sources from which different chapters of the Quran had been taken during its compilation. These are on the same pattern as mystical letters are present in the Jewish books. Holy Prophet had copied them. The present study argues that Quran being the book of Lord is unchanged and mystical letters are a part of it. It is further highlighted that even some orientalists argue that the opinion of Noldeke and Otto Loth is not correct.
Civic Rights in Charter of Madinah and International Human Rights Conventions: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abu Bakar Abdullah , Qureshi Rafiullah 
Published: February 2021

حقوق الإنسان المدنية من خلال وثيقة المدينة: دراسة مقارنة بالمواثيق الدولية
This research aims to give the reader a comprehensive view of civil human rights through a comparative study of the Charter of Medina and international conventions. The Charter of Medina designed the foundation of a multi-religious Islamic state in Medina, as it was signed to end the rancorous intertribal aggression among the opposing tribes of Banu ’Aws and Banu Khazraj in Medina and to uphold harmony and co-operation among all Medinan groups. Its major accomplishment was fetching confrontational clans together to form a community and inaugurating long term peace among them. It put an end to the predominant disorder and sheltered the life, self-determination, property and religious freedom for all people. The paper highlights the relevance and importance of civil human rights through the Charter of Medina as well as international conventions in the up-to-date worldwide civilization. The present research examines the historical document of Charter of Medina and elucidates it through examples from Quran and Sunnah as well as compares its core values with international conventions. In this regard the views of the past and contemporary scholarship are also discussed to analyze the challenges and issues of current time. In recent times the efforts and implications of civil human rights have unfolded in many different ways so it is very important for Muslims to know and to relate the Sharī’ah ruling regarding it. The research concludes that as compare to the international convections the system of justice in the Islamic Sharī’ah ensures all rights and with liabilities.
Dietary Laws about Animals in Semitic Religions: An Analytical Study
Authors: Razzaq Tayyaba 
Published: February 2021

سامی ادیان میں جانوروں کی حلت و حرمت کےمتعلق احکامات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Dietary rules and regulations may govern particular phases of the human life cycle and may also be associated with special events. Dietary Laws are grounded into the religious thought, and anyone expects logical clarifications for the continuation and determination of these rules in light of the respective religious tradition. The Semitic religions: orthodox Jews, Christians and Muslims have undoubtedly directed their adherents about the foodstuff “meat” with particular terms and conditions. This study attempts to define the similarities and differences between Halal and Kashrut (Kosher) in the light of their religion's commandments. The study confined to the Holy Scriptures. A comparative approach has been applied to these dietary practices. Moreover, it was found that Halal constitutes a different dietary law (Shariah) than Kashrut and vice versa. Even though similarities are found but it does not permit for the statutes to be usually supposed as reflection of each other. This analytical work will provide theoretical orientation; make reference to relevant theoretical and empirical literature for adequate clarification and comprehension where needed. To avoid pointless details, only the verse number mentioned in footnotes and extracted commands are just mentioned in the article. Qualitative research methodology has been adopted about the dietary laws about animals in Semitic Religions.
Kajian Teologis Terhadap Markus 10:17-27
Authors: Tambun Mariduk , Putra Adi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This research is about theological studies on Mark 10: 17-27. The research was conducted to find out about the concept of the Kingdom of God contained in it. That is why researchers used a qualitative approach with literature review to examine this topic. As a conclusion from this research, several things are obtained, namely: it is found that the strong theological message in this passage is about the concept of the Kingdom of God. The concept of the Kingdom of God has become central to the mission and ministry of Jesus while on this earth. That is why the Canonical Gospels also make it a major theological issue in their gospel account. That is why in this passage, Jesus linked God's Kingdom with eternal life. Because the kingdom of God is about the salvation of sinful humans. The concept of the Kingdom of God in Mark 10: 17-27 is understood in three main topics, namely: The Kingdom of God means salvation, the Kingdom of God is not obtained through good deeds, and the kingdom of God concerns the suggestion that we love God more than humans.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini tentang kajian teologis terhadap Markus 10:17-27. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui tentang konsep Kerajaan Allah yang termaktub di dalamnya. Itulah sebabnya, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kajian pustaka untuk meneliti topik ini. Sebagai kesimpulan dari penelitian ini diperoleh beberapa hal yakni: dijumpai bahwa pesan teologis yang kuat dalam perikop ini adalah tentang konsep Kerajaan Allah. Konsep Kerajaan Allah memang menjadi sentral dalam misi dan pelayanan Yesus selama di bumi ini. Itulah sebabnya, Injil Kanonik pun menjadikannya sebagai isu teologis utama dalam catatan injil mereka. Itulah sebabnya dalam perikop ini, Yesus menghubungkan Kerajaan Allah dengan hidup kekal. Karena kerajaan Allah adalah menyangkut tentang keselamatan manusia yang berdosa. Konsep Kerajaan Allah dalam Markus 10:17-27 dipahami dalam tiga topik utama, yakni: Kerajaan Allah berarti tentang keselamatan, Kerajaan Allah diperoleh bukan melalui perbuatan baik, dan kerajaan Allah menyangkut tentang anjuran supaya kita lebih mengasihi Allah dari pada manusia.
DERECHO PRIVADO Y FORALIDAD: ATRIBUCIÓN COMPETENCIAL
Authors: KARRERA EGIALDE MIKEL M. 
Published: February 2021

En el sistema estatutario, si bien los órganos forales han mantenido
su competencia tradicional en materias administrativas y fiscales, la competencia
en materias de Derecho privado, de indudable raigambre foral, ha quedado
implícitamente asignada al órgano común autonómico para su conservación, modificación
y desarrollo, aunque fácticamente también fue materializada por los territorios
históricos. De hecho, las atribuciones competenciales en materia de Derecho
privado han sido ejercitadas por el legislador vasco mediante irrigaciones en
distintos ámbitos competenciales y el uso de la competencia en «legislación civil»,
propiamente, ha ido posponiéndose con articulaciones territoriales puntuales. Parece
llegado el momento de abordar el proceso de impulso del Derecho civil vasco
de modo sistemático, labor que debe encauzar la nueva Comisión de Derecho Civil
Vasco como órgano impulsor y asesor del Parlamento y Gobierno vascos.
Estatutu-sisteman foru-organoek administrazio eta zerga arloetan
ohiko eskumenak gorde badituzte ere, zuzenbide pribatuko gaien gaineko eskumena
¿foruetan erro sendoak dituena¿ autonomia mailako organo komunari
esleitu zaio esplizituki, zaindu, aldatu eta garatu dezan, nahiz eta, egiatan, lurralde
historikoek ere gauzatu izan duten. Hain zuzen, euskal legegileak, zuzenbide pribatuko
gaien gaineko eskumenak baliatzerakoan, irrigazioak egin ditu hainbat eskumen
arlotan. «Legegintza zibil»erako berezko eskumena, aldiz, geroratuz joan da,
lurralde-artikulazio puntualen bitartez. Beraz, badirudi euskal zuzenbide zibila bultzatzeko
prozesuari modu sistematikoan ekiteko unea heldu dela. Eginkizun hori
bideratzea, bada, Euskal Zuzenbide Zibilaren Batzorde berriari dagokio, Eusko Legebiltzarraren
eta Jaurlaritzaren organo aholkularia eta sustatzailea den aldetik.
In the system of the Statute of Autonomy, even though foral
bodies have kept for themselves the traditional power regarding administrative
and revenues issues, the competence in Private law matters, with an undoubted
foral standing, has implicitly been allocated to the autonomic common body for
its preservation, modification and development, although as a matter of fact it
was also materialized by the historic territories. For that matter, the competences
attributed in the field of Private law have been implemented by the Basque
legislator by means of irrigations in different areas of competences and with the
use of the competence of «civil legislation», distinctly, has been postponed with
punctual territorial articulations. It is time to approach the process of promoting
the Basque Civil Law in a systematic way, a task to be steered by the new
committee for Civil law as facilitator and advisory body of the Basque Parliament
and government.