bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonic chip-based multimodal super-resolution microscopy for histopathological assessment of cryopreserved tissue sections
Authors: Villegas-Hernández Luis E. , Dubey Vishesh , Nystad Mona , Tinguely Jean-Claude , Coucheron David A. , Dullo Firehun T. , Priyadarshi Anish , Acuña Sebastian , Mateos Jose M. , Barmettler Gery , Ziegler Urs , Hovd Aud-Malin Karlsson , Fenton Kristin Andreassen , Acharya Ganesh , Agarwal Krishna , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Histopathological assessment involves the identification of anatomical variations in tissues that are associated with diseases. While diffraction-limited optical microscopes assist in the diagnosis of a wide variety of pathologies, their resolving capabilities are insufficient to visualize some anomalies at subcellular level. Although a novel set of super-resolution optical microscopy techniques can fulfill the resolution demands in such cases, the system complexity, high operating cost, lack of multimodality, and low-throughput imaging of these methods limit their wide adoption in clinical settings. In this study, we interrogate the photonic chip as an attractive high-throughput super-resolution microscopy platform for histopathology. Using cryopreserved ultrathin tissue sections of human placenta, mouse kidney, and zebrafish eye retina prepared by the Tokuyasu method, we validate the photonic chip as a multi-modal imaging tool for histo-anatomical analysis. We demonstrate that photonic-chip platform can deliver multi-modal imaging capabilities such as total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, intensity fluctuation-based optical nanoscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy, and correlative light-electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that the photonic chip-based super-resolution microscopy platform has the potential to deliver high-throughput multimodal histopathological analysis of cryopreserved tissue samples.
Graphene promotes plant root growth by enhancing root respiration
Authors: Chen Zhiwen , Zhao Jianguo , Qiao Jun , Li Weijia , Ge Sai , Guan Zhifang , Liu Zehui , Bai Xiuli , Xing Baoyan , Zhang Jin , Li Jingwei , Yin Weilun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To explore the effects of graphene on plant root growth and development, 25 mg/L graphene were used to treat the seedling roots of 48 plant species. These results showed that the total root length of the plants was decreased when cultured by hydroponics method. Whereas the total root length of plant species cultured by soil showed different growth effects, among which the ratio of promotion effect was 69.77%, the ratio of inhibition effect was 11.63% and the no-effect ratio was 18.60%. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms by which graphene presents different growth effects on the root length, we performed RNA-seq for 32 plant roots treated with 25 mg/L graphene. We totally identified 90,259 DEGs in 32 plant species, among which 55,537 were graphene-induced and 34,722 were graphene-repressed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that 43 pathways were assigned to these enriched differentially expressed genes in response to the graphene treatment. Top enriched pathways include starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, endocytosis, peroxisome etc. The gene expressions of these pathway were induced or repressive in plant roots showing promotion or inhibitory effects, respectively. Accumulation of antioxidant enzyme as well as enhanced respiration might lead to the increasing plant root length. In addition, transcriptome and TEM data showed that graphene enters plant root cells by endocytosis. These results uncovered molecular level influences of graphene on plant roots development.
Vulture, culture and more: putting human-dimensions back in the saddle for conservation policy
Authors: Gupta Urvi , Kumar Nishant 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Vulture collapse in South Asia accompanied rapid urbanisation. However, the Indian-Subcontinent’s “Action Plan for Vulture Conservation'' and the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals’ (CMS) “Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian vultures” reflect poorly on how their scavenging services factored in the regional social-ecological tool - a nature-based-solution. We report the ethnography of the extinction of experience concerning vultures in the tropical megacity of Delhi to contribute to wildlife restoration policies in human-use landscapes. People anthropomorphised avian scavengers while sharing perceptions that promoted ritual feeding of crows and kites. It attracted and supported enormous bird-flocks in the region, an ecological response to the rapid niche-evacuation. Stakeholders’ perceptions that offered links in vulture salience and charisma corresponded with respective socio-cultural legends, based on bird morphology, behaviour, and ecosystem services. Conflating with ethnoecology, cultural legends mediated human-animal interface, based on species-specific life-history traits. The latter inextricably tied humans and vultures in their population and demographic parameters and mutual tolerance in behaviour that promoted co-existence. Therefore, wildlife restoration in urbanising landscapes is a moving target, necessitating policies sensitive to progressive loss and/or changes in associative heritage through shifting economic and cultural practices, and socio-cultural stories. In order to uphold their erstwhile functional ecology, vultures would need to behaviourally fathom new built-up spaces, interference from competing scavengers and mediatised misinformation.
Analysis on The CSS Difference and Its Influence Factors Between ATC and PSCCT
Authors: Shuai Jin , Dahuan Li , Ye Yuan-Nong , Peng Dandan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Backgrond:The clinical manifestations and treatments of ATC and PSCCT are similar .Their prognosis is worse than other types of thyroid cancer. This study aims to analyze on the CSS Difference and Its prognosis Factors Between ATC and PSCCT.Methods:We reviewed the data of patients who were diagnosed as ATC and PSCCT between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Mier survival analysis, Cox regression models and the log-rank test. The predictive accuracy ability of the model were determined by concordance index (C-index)Result:1164 patients with ATC and 124 patients with PSCCT were included. The clinical treatment rate and distant metastasis rate of ATC is higher than that of PSCCT(p<0.05). PSCCT CSS is better than ATC CSS（p=0.0074）. Multivariable analyses showed that Age,Sex, Radiation,Chemotherapy,Sequencenumber,Marital,SurgPrimSite or M stage were independent prognostic factors,the C-index of this model is 0.803 (95%CI: 0.787-0.819). Age, Radiation, Sequencenumber, SurgPrimSite are independent prognostic factors of PSCCT CSS, C-index of the model is 0.829, (95%CI: 0.786-0.872)Conclusions:Although the overall CSS prognosis of PSCCT patients is better than that of ATC patients, the prognostic factors of ATC and PSCCT are not exactly the same. It is necessary to formulate clinical treatment and management plans based on the type of disease.
For an Application of Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections - Acceptable Concentrations of a Protease Inhibitor Nafamostat and Ammonium Chloride for Direct Administration to the Respiratory Epithelium of Mice
Authors: Nakagomi Satoko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many enveloped respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, require host proteases for the infection, and in-vitro studies have demonstrated that protease inhibitors suppress viral infection. However, no application of inhibitors for the treatment of viral respiratory infections have been reported. This is because no method has been established to efficiently deliver inhibitors to the respiratory epithelium. This study explores methods to safely deliver a protease inhibitor nafamostat by assessing whether adverse effects occur when nafamostat is administered directly to the respiratory epithelium.To observe the effect of direct respiratory administration on organisms, inbred mice were intranasally administered the inhibitor solutions under anesthesia. 200µM nafamostat at 20µL/day for 1 week could be administered without any adverse effects. Since 1µM nafamostat is known to suppress the viral entry to cell in vitro, 200µM nafamostat is expected to show enough inhibitory effect also in mice.Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is also known to block the viral entry via endosome. The present study has demonstrated that 74mM NH4Cl could be also administered in the same manner. Since the NH4Cl solution at 50mM is known to efficiently suppress the entry of SARS-CoV-2 via endosome in vitro, NH4Cl may be also available to treat viral infection in vivo.Results of the present study encourage the research to apply nafamostat and also NH4Cl for the treatment of respiratory viral infection, including COVID-19.
A Statistical Analysis on COVID19 Global Vaccination by Best Fit Regression Method
Authors: Datta Jaydip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this analysis a best fit regression is executed in between two variables - population of specific country in million vs percentage of first dosage vaccinated till 25.04.21. The analysis is carried out by a standard statistical software with a significant Pearson correlation (r) of 4th order polynomial fit. The basis of first dosage already vaccinated is 1030 million globally.
Chronic Immune Activation Among Treatment Naïve HIV/ HBV Coinfected Individuals From Southern India
Authors: Demosthenes John Paul , Fletcher Gnanadurai John , Zachariah Uday George , Varghese George Mannil , Pulimood Susanne Alexander , Abraham Priya , Kannangai Rajesh 
Published: May 2021

Background :
Chronic immune activation is one of the most widely recognized hallmarks
of HIV infection. T-cells that express CD38+ and HLA-DR+ show poor proliferative potential,
signal transduction, and increased apoptotic potential. This affects HIV pathogenesis and its
outcome and further complicates with a coinfection like HBV.

Method:
Study Design: Cross-sectional. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for virological markers using ELISA for HBeAg and RT-PCR for HIV&HBV Viral load. Chronic immune activation markers of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were measured by Flow cytometry for both HIV and HBV

Results:
There was a significant increase in HBV replication shown by higher HBV DNA
(p=0.002), a higher proportion of HBeAg (p=0.0049), and lower CD4 counts (p=0.04) among
HIV/HBV coinfected individuals, compared to the monoinfected groups. The frequencies of CD4+
CD38+ HLA-DR+ and CD8+ CD38+ HLA-DR+ in the HIV/HBV coinfection were significantly
higher than HBV monoinfected group (P<0.0001) and in the HIV monoinfected group (P<
0.0001). The Liver fibrosis score APRI and FIB-4, were higher in the coinfected group compared
with HBV monoinfected group (0.67 vs. 0.25, p = 0.0085; 3.48 vs. 0.98, p = 0.0026) respectively.
The cytokine levels of IL-17, Fas-L,TNF -α, IL-10, IL-2 and Granzyme B were also measured and
compared among the study groups.

Conclusion:
Our data suggest that HIV probably influences immune activation of CD4+ and
CD8+ T cells and this may play a significant role in accelerating the disease outcome among
HIV/HBV coinfected individuals.
Carvacrol as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review Article
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yassin , Kujawska Małgorzata , Nikbakhtzadeh Marjan , Hassanshahi Amin , Ramezanpour Soudeh , Kamiab Zahra , Bazmandegan Gholamreza 
Published: May 2021

Background & Objective:
Neurological diseases are becoming a significant problem
worldwide, with the elderly at a higher risk of being affected. Several researchers have investigated
the neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CAR) (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol). This review systematically
surveys the existing literature on the impact of CAR when used as a neuroprotective agent
in neurological diseases.

Methods:
The systematic review involved English articles published in the last ten years obtained
from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The following descriptors were used to
search the literature: “Carvacrol” [Title] AND “neuroprotective (neuroprotection)” [Title] OR
“stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, seizure, epilepsy [Title].

Results:
A total of 208 articles were retrieved during the search process, but only 20 studies met
the eligibility criteria and were included for review. A total of 20 articles were identified, in which
the efficacy of CAR was described in experimental models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s
disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and seizure, through motor deficits improvements in
neurochemical activity, especially antioxidant systems, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress
and apoptosis as well as inhibition of TRPC1 and TRPM7.

Conclusion :
The data presented in this study support the beneficial impact of CAR on behavioural
and neurochemical deficits. CAR benefits accrue because of its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-
inflammatory properties. Therefore, CAR has emerged as an alternative treatment for neurological
disorders based on its properties.
Assessment of MicroRNA-15a and MicroRNA-16-1 Salivary Level in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Koopaie Maryam , Manifar Soheila , Lahiji Shahab Shokouhi 
Published: May 2021

Background:Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) includes more than 90% of malignancies of the oral cavity. Early diagnosis could effectively improve patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes of oral cancers. MicroRNAs as non-encoding genes have great potential to initiate or suppress cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that disruption of micro-RNA regulation is a common occurrence in cancers.Objective:This study set out to evaluate the expression of microRNA-15a (miR-15a) and microRNA- 16-1 (miR-16-1) in the saliva of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients in comparison with a healthy control group.Methods:This case-control study was performed on fifteen patients with OSCC and fifteen healthy volunteers as the control group. A 5 ml of non-stimulating whole saliva was collected by spitting method from patients and controls and stored at -70°C. The expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 was investigated using quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR).Results:MiR-15a and miR-16-1 were downregulated in OSCC patients compared with the control group (p<0.001). The sensitivity of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in differentiating OSCC patients from healthy individuals was 93.3% and 86.67%, respectively, and their specificity was 86.67% and 92.33%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of miR-15a was 90%, and miR-16-1 was 93.3%.Conclusion:The present study showed a decrease in the relative expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in OSCC patients compared with healthy individuals. It is probable to introduce salivary values of miR-15a and miR-16-1 as a non-invasive tool for early detection of OSCC. Decreased expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in OSCC indicates the possible effective role of these genes in OSCC etiopathogenesis.
Automatic Classification of Screen Gaze and Dialogue in Doctor-Patient-Computer Interactions: Computational Ethnography Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Helou Samar , Abou-Khalil Victoria , Iacobucci Riccardo , El Helou Elie , Kiyono Ken 
Published: May 2021

Background
The study of doctor-patient-computer interactions is a key research area for examining doctor-patient relationships; however, studying these interactions is costly and obtrusive as researchers usually set up complex mechanisms or intrude on consultations to collect, then manually analyze the data.

Objective
We aimed to facilitate human-computer and human-human interaction research in clinics by providing a computational ethnography tool: an unobtrusive automatic classifier of screen gaze and dialogue combinations in doctor-patient-computer interactions.

Methods
The classifier’s input is video taken by doctors using their computers' internal camera and microphone. By estimating the key points of the doctor's face and the presence of voice activity, we estimate the type of interaction that is taking place. The classification output of each video segment is 1 of 4 interaction classes: (1) screen gaze and dialogue, wherein the doctor is gazing at the computer screen while conversing with the patient; (2) dialogue, wherein the doctor is gazing away from the computer screen while conversing with the patient; (3) screen gaze, wherein the doctor is gazing at the computer screen without conversing with the patient; and (4) other, wherein no screen gaze or dialogue are detected. We evaluated the classifier using 30 minutes of video provided by 5 doctors simulating consultations in their clinics both in semi- and fully inclusive layouts.

Results
The classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 0.83, a performance similar to that of a human coder. Similar to the human coder, the classifier was more accurate in fully inclusive layouts than in semi-inclusive layouts.

Conclusions
The proposed classifier can be used by researchers, care providers, designers, medical educators, and others who are interested in exploring and answering questions related to screen gaze and dialogue in doctor-patient-computer interactions.
Combining External Medical Knowledge for Improving Obstetric Intelligent Diagnosis: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Zhang Kunli , Cai Linkun , Song Yu , Liu Tao , Zhao Yueshu 
Published: May 2021

Background
Data-driven medical health information processing has become a new development trend in obstetrics. Electronic medical records (EMRs) are the basis of evidence-based medicine and an important information source for intelligent diagnosis. To obtain diagnostic results, doctors combine clinical experience and medical knowledge in their diagnosis process. External medical knowledge provides strong support for diagnosis. Therefore, it is worth studying how to make full use of EMRs and medical knowledge in intelligent diagnosis.

Objective
This study aims to improve the performance of intelligent diagnosis in EMRs by combining medical knowledge.

Methods
As an EMR usually contains multiple types of diagnostic results, the intelligent diagnosis can be treated as a multilabel classification task. We propose a novel neural network knowledge-aware hierarchical diagnosis model (KHDM) in which Chinese obstetric EMRs and external medical knowledge can be synchronously and effectively used for intelligent diagnostics. In KHDM, EMRs and external knowledge documents are integrated by the attention mechanism contained in the hierarchical deep learning framework. In this way, we enrich the language model with curated knowledge documents, combining the advantages of both to make a knowledge-aware diagnosis.

Results
We evaluate our model on a real-world Chinese obstetric EMR dataset and showed that KHDM achieves an accuracy of 0.8929, which exceeds that of the most advanced classification benchmark methods. We also verified the model’s interpretability advantage.

Conclusions
In this paper, an improved model combining medical knowledge and an attention mechanism is proposed, based on the problem of diversity of diagnostic results in Chinese EMRs. KHDM can effectively integrate domain knowledge to greatly improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
Enabling Wearable Pulse Transit Time-Based Blood Pressure Estimation for Medically Underserved Areas and Health Equity: Comprehensive Evaluation Study
Authors: Ganti Venu , Carek Andrew M , Jung Hewon , Srivatsa Adith V , Cherry Deborah , Johnson Levather Neicey , Inan Omer T 
Published: May 2021

Background
Noninvasive and cuffless approaches to monitor blood pressure (BP), in light of their convenience and accuracy, have paved the way toward remote screening and management of hypertension. However, existing noninvasive methodologies, which operate on mechanical, electrical, and optical sensing modalities, have not been thoroughly evaluated in demographically and racially diverse populations. Thus, the potential accuracy of these technologies in populations where they could have the greatest impact has not been sufficiently addressed. This presents challenges in clinical translation due to concerns about perpetuating existing health disparities.

Objective
In this paper, we aim to present findings on the feasibility of a cuffless, wrist-worn, pulse transit time (PTT)–based device for monitoring BP in a diverse population.

Methods
We recruited a diverse population through a collaborative effort with a nonprofit organization working with medically underserved areas in Georgia. We used our custom, multimodal, wrist-worn device to measure the PTT through seismocardiography, as the proximal timing reference, and photoplethysmography, as the distal timing reference. In addition, we created a novel data-driven beat-selection algorithm to reduce noise and improve the robustness of the method. We compared the wearable PTT measurements with those from a finger-cuff continuous BP device over the course of several perturbations used to modulate BP.

Results
Our PTT-based wrist-worn device accurately monitored diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a diverse population (N=44 participants) with a mean absolute difference of 2.90 mm Hg and 3.39 mm Hg for DBP and MAP, respectively, after calibration. Meanwhile, the mean absolute difference of our systolic BP estimation was 5.36 mm Hg, a grade B classification based on the Institute for Electronics and Electrical Engineers standard. We have further demonstrated the ability of our device to capture the commonly observed demographic differences in underlying arterial stiffness.

Conclusions
Accurate DBP and MAP estimation, along with grade B systolic BP estimation, using a convenient wearable device can empower users and facilitate remote BP monitoring in medically underserved areas, thus providing widespread hypertension screening and management for health equity.