bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in the survival of patients with indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States
Authors: Vaughn John L. , Spies Daniela , Xavier Ana C. , Epperla Narendranath 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a paucity of data regarding racial disparities in the survival of patients with indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL) in the contemporary time‐period. Hence, we sought to determine whether racial disparities exist in the survival of patients with iNHLs in the US. We included 68 059 adult patients with follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 41 943), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL, n = 22 485), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM, n = 3631) who were diagnosed in the US between 2000 and 2017. Race was categorized as White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, or American Indian/Alaska Native (API/AI). The primary outcome was relative survival (RS), which was estimated using flexible parametric survival models. The RS estimates varied according to race and disease histology but were consistently lower for racial minorities, including those diagnosed during the most recent 5‐year time‐period of 2012–2017. On multivariable analysis for RS, Black patients with FL had a 32% higher excess mortality rate compared to White patients [adjusted excess hazard ratio (aEHR), 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15–1.51; p < .001], corresponding to a difference of 55 (95% CI, 24–86) excess deaths per 10 000 person‐years. For MZL, Black patients had a 40% higher excess mortality rate compared to White patients (aEHR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18–1.66; p < .001), corresponding to a difference of 62 (95% CI, 26–98) excess deaths per 10 000 person‐years. No significant racial differences were detected for patients with WM. The greatest disparity was seen for younger Black patients with FL. Our findings highlight the need for interventions to improve the outcomes of Black patients with iNHLs, particularly younger Black patients with FL.
What Shall We Do with the Computed Detonation Performance? Comment on “1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Bridges: A Strategy to Improve Energetics at the Molecular Level”
Authors: Muravyev Nikita V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this Correspondence, a question is raised on how confident are the computed detonation performance values. Consideration of the energetic materials in a recent Research Article in this journal and some other newly synthesized promising compounds shows that the variation between the available methods of calculation is surprisingly high.
Advances and Challenges for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO: From Fundamentals to Industrialization
Authors: Jin Song , Hao Zhimeng , Zhang Kai , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides an attractive approach to convert renewable electricity into fuels and feedstocks in the form of chemical bonds. Among the different CO2RR pathways, the conversion of CO2 into CO is considered one of the most promising candidate reactions because of its high technological and economic feasibility. Integrating catalyst and electrolyte design with an understanding of the catalytic mechanism will yield scientific insights and promote this technology towards industrial implementation. Herein, we give an overview of recent advances and challenges for the selective conversion of CO2 into CO. Multidimensional catalyst and electrolyte engineering for the CO2RR are also summarized. Furthermore, recent studies on the large‐scale production of CO are highlighted to facilitate industrialization of the electrochemical reduction of CO2. To conclude, the remaining technological challenges and future directions for the industrial application of the CO2RR to generate CO are highlighted.
Exploring ortho‐(4,4′‐dimethoxybenzhydryl) substitution in iron ethylene polymerization catalysts: Co‐catalyst effects, thermal stability, and polymer molecular weight variations
Authors: Liu Tian , Ma Yanping , Solan Gregory , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: April 2021

Six different types of 4,4′‐dimethoxybenzhydryl‐substituted bis(arylimino)pyridine‐iron(II) chloride complex—[2‐{{2,6‐((p‐MeOPh)2CH)2‐4‐MeC6H2}N=CMe}‐6‐(ArN=CMe)C5H3N]FeCl2 (Ar = 2,6‐Me2C6H3 (Fe1), 2,6‐Et2C6H3 (Fe2), 2,6‐iPr2C6H3 (Fe3), 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (Fe4), 2,6‐Et2‐4‐MeC6H2 (Fe5), 2,6‐((p‐MeOPh)2CH)2‐4‐MeC6H2 (Fe6)—are reported. The molecular structures of Fe2 and Fe3 emphasize the unsymmetrical nature of the N,N,N‐chelating ligand and the steric protection exerted by the ortho‐(4,4′‐dimethyoxybenzhydryl) groups. A range in catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization was observed when Fe1–Fe6 were treated with either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO). In particular, Fe1/MAO bearing the least bulky N‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl group exhibited a very high activity of 1.11 × 107 g (PE) mol−1 (Fe) h−1 at 70°C/10 atm over a 30‐min run time that remained high even after 60 min, an observation highlighting its appreciable catalyst lifetime and thermal stability. In addition, the polyethylene formed by this catalyst class displayed desirable characteristics such as high linearity and high molecular weight (Mw range: 5.17–7.62 × 105 g mol−1). Indeed, the molecular weight of the polymer produced using Fe1 (with MAO or MMAO) exceeds that obtained using related benzhydryl‐containing bis(imino)pyridine‐iron catalysts. As a general feature, activation of Fe1–Fe6 with MMAO led to lower activity and lower molecular weight polyethylene, especially for runs performed at 1 atm ethylene pressure.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradability and biocompatibility of poly(p‐dioxanone) hemostatic clips for laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Zheng Heng , Peng Haitao , Wang Peng , Li Hong , Li Lin , Du Yan , Lv Guoyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor the clinical application of biodegradable hemostatic surgical clips in laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to determine their degradability and biocompatibility. Herein, in vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken to evaluate the degradability and biocompatibility of bioabsorbable clips made of poly(p‐dioxanone). Changes in weight loss, pull‐off force, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the poly(p‐dioxanone) clips were determined after they were degraded in deionized water and phosphate buffer saline for the in vitro experiment and in laparoscopic models of bile duct ligation(BDL) and right gastroepiploic artery ligation(GEAL) using New Zealand white rabbits for the in vivo experiment. Changes in weight loss and pull‐off force were greater in the in vivo experiment than the in vitro experiment. DSC showed the greatest variation in the degree of crystallinity of the clips degraded in deionized water. Stark differences in SEM were observed after 4 weeks of degradation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility of the clips was considered satisfactory because the L929 cells could adhere to the clips and proliferate adequately in the presence of the clip extract. Biocompatibility was inferred based on the histological analysis of BDL and GEAL, no significant inflammatory responses were observed after 4 weeks of ligation.
Stochastic simulation of top load test on poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles: An experimental study on dispersion of elastic properties
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tung , Luo Yun‐Mei , Chevalier Luc , Lesueur François 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the stretch blowing molding process, the elongation of macromolecular chains modifies the final mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottle. Especially Young's modulus can be multiplied by two or more in the longitudinal direction and more than three times in the circumferential direction in the cylindrical region of the blown bottle and leads to orthotropic elastic properties. Using digital image correlation, we performed an identification process using two global tests. First, the virtual field method on a specific plane specimen with a hole, allows the identification of the Poisson's ratio. Second, the modulus is measured using a 3D digital image correlation from bottles under internal pressure. The shear modulus is then identified from the heterogeneous tension tests in the first step. Since all the induced mechanical properties exhibit dispersions, a probabilistic description of the orthotropic behavior law is managed and a stochastic simulation of the top load test is performed in order to define a confidence region for the bottle performance. The results of the simulation are validated by experimental measurements of top load tests performed on PET bottles.
Preparation of zinc‐coordinated‐DPA functionalized polyesters for gene condensation
Authors: Shao Xuefei , He Junnan , Zhao Xuemei , Zheng Yubin , Zheng Nan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCationic polyesters have been widely utilized as efficient gene delivery carriers. Their ability in binding genes was majorly based on the electrostatic effect between the positive charges of polymers and the negatives charges of genes. It has been well known that large numbers of positive charges on the polymers would lead to undesired toxicity although strong gene binding capability. It was of great interest to developed a polymer with reduced positive charges while enhanced gene condensation ability. In this work, a library of polyesters functionalized by zinc‐coordinated‐dimethylpyridinium amine (DPA‐Zn) have been successfully prepared by the polycondensation method starting from dimethyl 1,3‐acetonedicarboxylate and 10 diols, followed by the post‐modification using dimethylpyridinium amine and zinc nitrate. The post‐modification efficiency was systemically evaluated and the optimized functionalization efficiency could reach around 50%. The gene condensation ability of the targeting polymers was also evaluated using gel retardation assay and dynamic light scatting. The results indicated that DPA‐Zn functionalized polyesters could bind gene into nanocomplexes with the sizes around 200 nm.
Tunable morphology and resistivity of ternary polymer composites of carbon black/low density polyethylene/ethylene‐vinyl acetate with carbon blacks having different surface properties
Authors: Lan Tian , Brigandi Paul , Yu Xindi , Tran Michael Q. , Cogen Jeffrey M. , Person Timothy J. , Huang Jessica , Gu Junsi , Ziebarth Robin , Talreja Manish , Katepalli Hari 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMedium to extra‐high voltage electrical cables typically comprise a semiconductive polymer composite layer to homogenize the electromagnetic field through the cables. The semiconductive layers usually contain a high content of carbon black (CB) for reduced electrical resistivity. In this study, we found that both the morphology and resistivity of a ternary polymer composite of CB/low density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) depend on CBs used and the order of addition. Three types of CB were investigated. CB‐A, which has the lowest surface energy and the most uniform surface energy profile, exhibits a strong affinity to LDPE and always segregates in the LDPE phase whether it is first added in the LDPE phase or the EVA phase. CB‐B and CB‐C, which have higher and less homogeneous surface energies, distribute differently with different orders of addition. We observe a significant reduction in the percolation threshold of CB‐A in the CB/LDPE/EVA composite, but not with CB‐B or CB‐C. Adding CB‐A in the LDPE phase first results in substantially lower resistivity than adding it in the EVA phase first, whereas adding CB‐B or CB‐C in the LDPE phase first results in higher resistivity than adding them in the EVA phase first.
Biodegradable hot melt adhesive based on partially saponified polyvinyl acetate/cellulose diacetate blend
Authors: Kim Yong‐Ho , Ri Jin‐Hyok , Pak In‐Ho , Ri Yong‐Chol , Yu Ju‐Hyon , Om Chol‐Yi , An Jun‐Myong , Pak Chol‐Ung , Kye Song‐Hyok 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecycling the polymer material from the waste has a great advantage in reducing the cost of the biodegradable hot melt adhesive and solving environmental problems. Cellulose diacetate obtained from the acid hydrolysis of discarded cellulose triacetate‐based cinematographic films was blended with low molecular weight partially saponified polyvinyl acetate. The degree of substitution of cellulose diacetate and the degree of saponification of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate to obtain the binary blends having excellent compatibility were determined by FTIR and DSC. TGA showed that these blends have sufficient thermal stability for hot melt adhesive applications. The viscoelastic properties of the blends were evaluated by DMA and melt viscosity. The shear strength and the biodegradability of the final hot melt adhesive were examined according to the amount of cellulose diacetate in the blends. The results indicate that adding 20% of cellulose diacetate can reduce the cost of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate ‐based hot melt adhesive while improving the adhesive strength.
Wood‐inspired polyacrylonitrile foam with hierarchically aligned porous structure for application in water purification
Authors: Xu Yuan , Ma Sitian , Liu Changjun , Wang Linfeng , Wang Han , Xu Weilin , Zhuang Yan , Yang Hongjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to verify the excellent absorption efficiency of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) foam which has a hierarchically aligned porous structure similar to wood for water purification. Ice template and freeze drying method was employed to prepare the PAN foam, and the performance of the prepared sample was characterized by advanced technology. Experimental data revealed that the micromorphology, absorption efficiency, and mechanical properties were tunable by controlling the polymer concentration in solution. The PAN foam prepared at 7 wt% not only had excellent absorption efficiency, but also had great water flux. The highest absorption efficiency of the PAN foam prepared at 7 wt% for the model dye, methylene blue, reached 97.83%. Therefore, a new strategy for water purification by filtration using a scaffold with a hierarchically aligned porous structure is possible.
Equilibrium and kinetics study of methyl violet adsorption by pineapple leaf fibers‐cl‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐2‐dimethyl amino ethyl acrylate) hydrogel
Authors: Jana Subinoy , Ray Jagabandhu , Mondal Barun , Samanta Santu Kumar , Tripathy Tridib 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe pine apple leaf fiber‐cl‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐2‐dimethyl amino ethyl acrylate) hydrogel is prepared by crosslinked graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and 2‐(dimethyl amino) ethyl acrylate onto the pine apple leaf fibers to be used as an adsorbent for the remove dye from aqueous solutions. Several characterization techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy field emission scanning electron microscopy‐Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized hydrogel shows strong water swelling characteristics (780.93%) and also exhibits faster deswelling property. The methyl violet (MV) adsorption data are fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities 625 mg/g for MV. The equilibrium kinetics follow pseudo second order model together with intra particle diffusion, one step process. Thermodynamic parameters show that the MV adsorption by the hydrogel is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The overall removal efficiency is found to be 98.23% under optimum condition.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate)/copper phthalocyanine disulfonic acid composite films
Authors: Wu Siqi , Wang Yihan , Hu Lizhi , Yin Qiang , Du Kai , Yin Qinjian , Huang Libin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)/copper phthalocyanine disulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS/CuPc‐[SO3H]2) composite films were prepared by using CuPc‐(SO3H)2 as the dopant. EG treatment was applied to further improve the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT: PSS/CuPc‐(SO3H)2 composites. Structural analyses indicated the strong π − π interactions existed between PEDOT: PSS and CuPc‐(SO3H)2, and led to more ordered regions in the composite films, and benefit the conductivity. CuPc‐(SO3H)2 can greatly improve the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT: PSS/CuPc‐(SO3H)2 composite films, which have a Seebeck coefficient of 13.2 μV K−1 and a conductivity of 2.8 × 105 S/m with 20 wt% CuPc‐(SO3H)2 at room temperature, and the corresponding power factor is 48.8 μW m−1 K−2, which is almost 6.83 times higher than the PEDOT: PSS films without CuPc‐(SO3H)2.
Multi‐contact hybrid thermal conductive filler Al2O3@AgNPs optimized three‐dimensional thermal network for flexible thermal interface materials
Authors: Huang Zhengqiang , Wu Wei , Drummer Dietmar , Liu Chao , Wang Yi , Wang Zhengyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a multi‐contact Al2O3@AgNPs hybrid thermal conductive filler was synthesized by in‐situ growth method to fill high thermal conductivity polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based composites to prepare TIMs. And the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of the composite materials were studied. During the synthesis process of the multi‐contact hybrid filler, different concentrations of silver ions were reduced to generate silver nanoparticles and attached to the surface of Al2O3. Al2O3@AgNPs/PDMS thermally conductive composites were prepared by changing the filler addition. Using SEM, XPS, and XRD is used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of Al2O3@AgNPs hybrid filler. The thermal conductivity of PDMS‐based composites with different AgNPs content under 70 wt% filler loading was studied. The results show that the thermal conductivity of PDMS‐based composites filled with 7owt%Al2O3@3AgNPs/PDMS multi‐contact hybrid filler is 0.67 W/m·K, which is 3.72 times that of pure PDMS, and is higher than that of unmodified Al2O3 with the same addition amount. /PDMS composite material has a high thermal conductivity of 24%. This work provides a new idea for the design and manufacture of high thermal conductivity hybrid fillers for TIMs.
Characterization of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,3‐f]pentalene: Interrelation between Open‐shell and Antiaromatic Characters Governed by Mode of the Quinoidal Subunit and Molecular Symmetry
Authors: Konishi Akihito , Horii Koki , Iwasa Haruna , Okada Yui , Kishi Ryohei , Nakano Masayoshi , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe singlet open‐shell character and antiaromaticity are intriguing features in π‐conjugated carbocycles. These two exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. However, they rarely coexist in the same molecule. Understanding the interrelation between the open‐shell and antiaromatic characteristics in the same molecule is crucial to control the electronic properties. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new member of diareno[a,f]pentalene, benzo[a]naphtho[2,3‐f]pentalene 6. Unlike its isomer 5 with a closed‐shell ground state, 6 exhibits an appreciable open‐shell character and a moderate antiaromatic feature. The behaviors of the open‐shell index (y0) against the difference of the proton chemical signal (Δδ(H1)) between pentalenide dianions/neutral pentalenes for our reported pentalenes 1, 4, 5, and 6 give a thought‐provoking conclusion about the interrelation between open‐shell and antiaromatic characteristics in this series. The mode of the incorporated quinoidal moiety and the formal molecular symmetry are critical to balance these two characteristics.
Evaluating small‐scale simulation training of firearm safety to children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Orner Margaret E. , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Maxfield Trevor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvery year children are unintentionally injured or killed due to finding an unattended firearm. Although research evaluating various approaches to teach safety skills shows that behavioral skills training and in situ training (IST) are effective, limited research exists evaluating small‐scale simulation training in teaching safety skills to children. Furthermore, there is no research evaluating this approach with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study evaluated the effectiveness of small‐scale simulation training in teaching firearm safety to 5–6‐year‐old children with ASD. Simulation training was effective for one participant, IST was necessary for one participant, and an incentive was required for the third participant to demonstrate the safety skills.
The unique molecular targets associated antioxidant and antifibrotic activity of curcumin in in vitro model of acute lung injury: A proteomic approach
Authors: Shaikh Sadiya Bi , Najar Mohd Altaf , Prabhu Ashwini , Rex D. A. B. , Chanderasekaran Jaikanth , Behera Santosh Kumar , Modi Prashant Kumar , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Bhandary Yashodhar Prabhakar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBleomycin (BLM) injury is associated with the severity of acute lung injury (ALI) leading to fibrosis, a high‐morbidity, and high‐mortality respiratory disease of unknown etiology. BLM‐induced ALI is marked by the activation of a potent fibrogenic cytokine transcription growth factor beta‐1 (TGFβ‐1), which is considered a critical cytokine in the progression of alveolar injury. Previously, our work demonstrated that a diet‐derived compound curcumin (diferuloylmethane), represents its antioxidative and antifibrotic application in TGF‐β1‐mediated BLM‐induced alveolar basal epithelial cells. However, curcumin‐specific protein targets, as well as its mechanism using mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approach, remain elusive. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, a quantitative proteomics approach and bioinformatics analysis were employed to identify the protein targets of curcumin in BLM or TGF‐β1‐treated cells. With subsequent in vitro experiments, curcumin‐related pathways and cellular processes were predicted and validated. The current study discusses two separate proteomics experiments using BLM and TGF‐β1‐treated cells with the proteomics approach, various unique target proteins were identified, and proteomic analysis revealed that curcumin reversed the expressions of unique proteins like DNA topoisomerase 2‐alpha (TOP2A), kinesin‐like protein (KIF11), centromere protein F (CENPF), and so on BLM or TGF‐β1 injury. For the first time, the current study reveals that curcumin restores TGF‐β1 induced peroxisomes like PEX‐13, PEX‐14, PEX‐19, and ACOX1. This was verified by subsequent in vitro assays. This study generated molecular evidence to deepen our understanding of the therapeutic role of curcumin at the proteomic level and may be useful to identify molecular targets for future drug discovery.