bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic studies of six major 2‐(2‐phenylethyl) chromones in rat plasma using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after oral administration of agarwood ethanol extract
Authors: Xie Bin , Luo Huitai , Huang Xiaolan , Huang Fang , Zhang Qiuyan , Wu Xuefeng , Zhou Xi , Wu Huiqin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, a simple, quick, sensitive and reliable method utilizing ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was validated for simultaneous quantification of six main 2‐(2‐phenylethyl) chromones, including agarotetrol, isoagarotetrol, (5S,6R,7R,8S)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroxy‐(4‐methoxyphenethyl)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one, 8‐chloro‐2‐(2‐phenyl ethyl)‐5,6,7‐trihydroxy‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrochromone, 6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐(2‐phenylethyl) chromone, and 2‐(2‐phenylethyl) chromone in rat plasma after oral administration of agarwood ethanol extract. Separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution with mobile phase of 0.2% formic acid‐water and acetonitrile. The tandem mass was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive ionization. The calibration curves indicated good linearity (r2 > 0.99) over the corresponding concentration range. The precision and accuracy were within the acceptable range. Mean absolute recoveries of all analytes were between 73.31% and 94.76%, and the relative standard deviations of matrix effects were not higher than 15%. The six analytes were proven to be stable during sample storage and analysis procedures. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of six 2‐(2‐phenylethyl) chromones in rat after oral administration of agarwood ethanol extract for the first time. This study could serve as a reference and provide theoretical guidance for further pharmacodynamic research and clinical applications of agarwood.
Extraction of stabilizers from polymers: Separation of oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers and phenolic antioxidants from polyolefins using liquid chromatography and high‐temperature solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Kot David , Arndt Jan‐Hendrik , Macko Tibor , Brüll Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe extraction of different stabilizers from a polymer matrix and the subsequent separation of said stabilizers is one of the most important as well as challenging undertakings in polymer chemistry. A multitude of stabilizers exists, each of which may be hard to extract, be difficult if not impossible to separate from other stabilizers or necessitate very selected and time‐consuming intermediate stages for separation. Certain polymer matrices even pose additional challenges, such as polyolefins being only soluble at elevated temperatures. One of the most well‐established approaches for the extraction of stabilizers is Soxhlet extraction. However, even this highly successful approach shows only limited success with regard to the extraction of the ever more relevant oligomeric stabilizers or the extraction of multiple stabilizers in a one‐shot approach. Moreover, performing Soxhlet extractions often necessitates ≥24 h. For these reasons, alternative approaches for the extraction of stabilizers from polymers are highly sought after. An approach with enormous potential is solid‐phase extraction, which allows the selective retention and enrichment of stabilizers. Herein, the very first application of high‐temperature solid‐phase extraction for the extraction of stabilizers from polyolefin matrices is described; as with other extraction techniques, the identification and quantification of the stabilizers is then allowed. At temperatures of 140–160°C, it was possible to adsorb common polyolefin stabilizers selectively on a silica solid phase from their polyolefin matrix. To predict high‐temperature solid‐phase extraction test conditions, first LC tests are necessary, offering an elegant approach for the separation of polyolefins from oligomeric stabilizers, which was not achievable until now.
Polyimide removal, cleaving, and fusion splicing of cylindrical and square fused silica capillaries for new separation and detection layouts in capillary electrophoresis and chromatography
Authors: Paiva Raul Dias , Mallmann Ana Maria M. C. , Santos Josemir C. , Kist Tarso B. Ledur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFusion splicing is an already mature technology used to join the ends of optical fibers in the telecommunication industry. However, there is a lack of reliable and well‐described protocols to join the ends of fused silica microtubes or capillaries using fusion splicing. In this work, a step‐by‐step procedure is proposed and demonstrated to find the optimal operation conditions to splice the ends of fused silica capillaries by fusion. The two most appropriate and known technologies were tested and optimized: the microfurnace technique (or hot filament technique) and the electric arc technique. It is shown that both produce good splices when the capillaries are well cleaved. For this reason, the removal of the external coating, which is important for good cleavage, was also revised. The cleaving techniques were also compared among themselves. As a result, fusion splices of cylindric‐to‐cylindric, cylindric‐to‐square, and square‐to‐square capillaries are demonstrated. They have potential applications in new detection schemes and separation layouts in capillary electrophoresis, electrophoresis‐based hydrodynamic concentrators, chromatography, cell sorters, and microfluidics in general.
Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Balloon Placement for Weight Loss in Patients With Cirrhosis Awaiting Liver Transplantation
Authors: Watt Kymberly D. , Heimbach Julie K. , Rizk Monika , Jaruvongvanich Pete , Sanchez William , Port John , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. , Bamlet Heather , Tiedtke Kathryn , Malhi Harmeet , Acosta Cardenas Andres , Grothe Karen , Clark Matthew , Mundi Manpreet S. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. 
Published: April 2021

The efficacy and safety of a fluid‐filled intragastric balloon (IGB) for weight loss in patients with cirrhosis on the liver transplantation (LT) waiting list is unknown. We enrolled stable compensated patients with body mass index >35 kg/m2 and on the waiting list for IGB placement endoscopically for a maximum of 6 months. A total of 8 patients (7 men) aged mean ± SD, 56 ± 4.6 years with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–sodium (MELD‐Na) scores 14.1 ± 3.4 experienced weight reduction (146 ± 22.2 kg versus 127 ± 21.6 kg [P = 0.005] with IGB in place and 130 ± 24.6 kg [P = 0.014] at 6 months), with a total body weight loss of 12.2% ± 8.8% with IGBs in place and 10.9% ± 8.9% at 6 months. Body fat decreased from 48.6% ± 5.8% to 40.6% ± 6.4% (P = 0.001) and lean mass increased from 51.3% ± 6% to 59.4% ± 6.4% (P = 0.001). No change in MELD‐Na scores occurred (P = 0.770). Early balloon retrieval was attributed to accommodative symptoms (n = 2) and liver decompensation (n = 1). Mallory Weiss tears (n = 3), but no portal hypertensive bleeding, occurred. Liver decompensation and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in 3 patients. A total of 4 patients with LT ± sleeve gastrectomy maintained overall weight loss. Of 4 patients who did not receive transplants, 2 experienced weight regain. IGB results in short‐term weight loss in patients with cirrhosis awaiting LT, with body fat loss without lean mass loss. Adverse effects were common. Decompensation and HCC did occur, with uncertainty of the relation to weight loss, and thus careful patient selection and close follow‐up are required.
HET0016 attenuates the stemness of breast cancer cells through targeting CYP4Z1
Authors: Liu Hai , Qin Hai , Zhou Yi , Yuan Yin , Liu Yichen , Chen Ying , Yang Yue , Ni Haiwei , Xi Tao , Zheng Lufeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOurs and other previous studies have shown that CYP4Z1 is specifically and highly expressed in breast cancer, and acts as a promoter for the stemness of breast cancer cells. Here, we explored whether targeting CYP4Z1 could attenuate the stemness of breast cancer cells using HET0016, which has been confirmed to be an inhibitor of CYP4Z1 by us and others. Using the transcriptome‐sequencing analysis, we found that HET0016 suppressed the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and stem cell functions. Additionally, HET0016 indeed reduced the stemness of breast cancer cells, as evident by the decrease of stemness marker expression, CD44+/CD24− subpopulation with stemness, mammary‐spheroid formation, and tumor‐initiating ability. Moreover, HET0016 suppressed the metastatic capability through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we confirmed that HET0016 suppressed CYP4Z1 activity, and HET0016‐induced inhibition on the stemness and metastasis of breast cancer cells was rescued by CYP4Z1 overexpression. Thus, our results demonstrate that HET0016 can attenuate the stemness of breast cancer cells through targeting CYP4Z1.
Commissioning of an ultra‐high dose rate pulsed electron beam medical LINAC for FLASH RT preclinical animal experiments and future clinical human protocols
Authors: Moeckli Raphaël , Gonçalves Jorge Patrik , Grilj Veljko , Oesterle Roxane , Cherbuin Nicolas , Bourhis Jean , Vozenin Marie‐Catherine , Germond Jean‐François , Bochud François , Bailat Claude 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo present the acceptance and the commissioning, to define the reference dose, and to prepare the reference data for a quality assessment (QA) program of an ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) electron device in order to validate it for preclinical animal FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) experiments and for FLASH RT clinical human protocols.MethodsThe Mobetron® device was evaluated with electron beams of 9 MeV in conventional (CONV) mode and of 6 and 9 MeV in UHDR mode (nominal energy). The acceptance was performed according to the acceptance protocol of the company. The commissioning consisted of determining the short‐ and long‐term stability of the device, the measurement of percent depth dose curves (PDDs) and profiles at two different positions (with two different dose per pulse regimen) and for different collimator sizes, and the evaluation of the variability of these parameters when changing the pulse width and pulse repetition frequency. Measurements were performed using a redundant and validated dosimetric strategy with alanine and radiochromic films, as well as Advanced Markus ionization chamber for some measurements.ResultsThe acceptance tests were all within the tolerances of the company's acceptance protocol. The linearity with pulse width was within 1.5% in all cases. The pulse repetition frequency did not affect the delivered dose more than 2% in all cases but 90 Hz, for which the larger difference was 3.8%. The reference dosimetry showed a good agreement within the alanine and films with variations of 2.2% or less. The short‐term (resp. long‐term) stability was less than 1.0% (resp. 1.8%) and was the same in both CONV and UHDR modes. PDDs, profiles, and reference dosimetry were measured at two positions, providing data for two specific dose rates (about 9 Gy/pulse and 3 Gy/pulse). Maximal beam size was 4 and 6 cm at 90% isodose in the two positions tested. There was no difference between CONV and UHDR mode in the beam characteristics tested.ConclusionsThe device is commissioned for FLASH RT preclinical biological experiments as well as FLASH RT clinical human protocols.
Management of plantar heel pain in general practice in Australia
Authors: Whittaker Glen A. , Menz Hylton B. , Landorf Karl B. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Harrison Christopher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies have described general practitioner (GP) management of plantar heel pain from some countries; however, there is limited information from Australian general practice.ObjectivesTo describe patient and GP characteristics, and management actions for plantar heel pain in Australian general practice.DesignSecondary analysis of data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) dataset.MethodsData were summarised using descriptive analysis and robust 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated around point estimates. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of plantar heel pain management.ResultsFrom 1,568,100 encounters between April 2000 and March 2016, plantar heel pain was managed at 3007 encounters. GPs manage plantar heel pain approximately once every 500 encounters, which extrapolates to 271,100 encounters in 2015–2016. Patient factors independently associated with plantar heel pain encounters included female sex (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17–1.34 cf. males), being aged 45–64 (OR 3.44, 95% CI 2.94–4.01 cf. aged 75+) and patients from a non‐English speaking background (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.39). Plantar heel pain was frequently managed using medication (45.1 per 100), with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs the most common (22.8 per 100). GPs also commonly provided counselling/advice/education (32.4 per 100), and referrals for diagnostic imaging (19.1 per 100) and to podiatrists (12.0 per 100).ConclusionsPlantar heel pain is a frequently managed foot condition in Australian general practice. GPs use medication, counselling and education, diagnostic imaging and referral to podiatrists for management. Further research is required to understand the drivers of these management actions and whether they are effective.
On a novel full decoupling, linear, second‐order accurate, and unconditionally energy stable numerical scheme for the anisotropic phase‐field dendritic crystal growth model
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe anisotropic phase‐field dendritic crystal growth model is a highly nonlinear system that couples the anisotropic Allen–Cahn equation and the thermal equation together. Due to the high anisotropy and nonlinear couplings in the system, how to develop an accurate and efficient, especially a fully decoupled scheme, has always been a challenging problem. To solve the challenge, in this article, we construct a novel fully decoupled numerical scheme which is also linear, energy stable, and second‐order time accurate. The key idea to realize the full decoupling structure is to introduce an ordinary differential equation to deal with the nonlinear coupling terms satisfying the so‐called “zero‐energy‐contribution” property. This scheme is very effective and easy to implement since only a few fully decoupled elliptic equations with constant coefficients need to be solved at each time step. We rigorously prove the solvability of each step and the unconditional energy stability, and perform a large number of numerical simulations in 2D and 3D to demonstrate its stability and accuracy numerically.
Scale development for consumer repulsion: A consumers' individual identity‐expressiveness perspective
Authors: Bu Huimei , Shi Guicheng , Liu Matthew Tingchi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a number of emerging markets such as China, native consumers may avoid certain domestic products when foreign products are available. However, the studies on the unfavorable attitudes toward the products of one's own country are not sufficient. This article aims to develop a construct to explain this phenomenon. The measurement scale was developed and validated using responses from 318 Chinese consumers with respect to electronics and clothing. The judgment sampling method produced representative distributions in terms of age and gender. The items were first generated and refined based on the content validity. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent and discriminant validity were then established. Finally, this study investigates relationships among consumer repulsion, domestic product ownership, and negative word of mouth, to confirm the nomological validity. This study develops a construct—consumer repulsion—that can be used to articulate native consumers' unfavorable attitudes toward domestic products from consumers' individual identity‐expressiveness perspective. First, this study develops a scale for consumer repulsion. The scale shows good reliability, unidimensionality, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity. The scale helps explain the nature and impact of country biases, and integrates and expands current studies in this field, which should prove helpful in further research on this topic. Furthermore, this study proposes a three‐dimensional model of consumer repulsion consisting of affective repulsion, cognitive repulsion, and conative repulsion. Finally, these findings have shown that linking domestic products to social identity and self‐identity will likely influence domestic product ownership and word of mouth of native consumers.
Low‐dose versus standard‐dose four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate for factor‐Xa inhibitor reversal in spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Cascone Ava E. , Daley Mitchell J. , Pan Neil , Padilla‐Tolentino Eimeira , Milling Truman J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesCurrent neurocritical care guidelines recommend 50 IU/kg four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4PCC) for factor Xa inhibitor (FXaI) reversal in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) based on few clinical studies conducted among non‐ICH subjects. Two recent studies suggest that low‐dose (25 IU/kg) 4PCC may be similar to 50 IU/kg in reversal of FXaI in ICH, and both 25 and 50 IU/kg doses are used in clinical practice for this indication. To our knowledge, no studies have directly compared 25 IU/kg versus 50 IU/kg 4PCC for FXaI reversal in ICH. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in hemostatic efficacy between 25 IU/kg versus 50 IU/kg 4PCC for FXaI reversal in ICH.DesignThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed in five hospitals in central Texas from November 2013 to December 2019.Data SourcePatients were identified with a medication use report of 4PCC and were classified in the low‐ or standard‐dose group based on whether the 25 IU/kg or 50 IU/kg dose was received, respectively.PatientsA total of 93 patients were included (25 IU/kg, n = 62; 50 IU/kg, n = 31).Measurements and Main ResultsThere was no difference in hemostatic efficacy between groups (82.3% low dose vs. 83.9% standard dose, p = 0.846). No differences were identified in‐hospital mortality, length of stay, thrombotic events, or the need for surgery or additional blood products between groups.ConclusionFor the reversal of FXaI in ICH, a 25 IU/kg dose may be an effective alternative to 50 IU/kg 4PCC dosing.
Tuning of PEDOT:PSS synthesis via multiple doping for enhanced electrical conductivity
Authors: Sakunpongpitiporn Phimchanok , Phasuksom Katesara , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) synthesis conditions were refined to obtain extremely high electrical conductivity. PEDOT:PSS was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization under the effects of acid types and concentrations, EDOT:PSS weight ratio, and surfactant types and concentrations. The PEDOT:PSS synthesized with EDOT:PSS weight ratio of 0.5:5.5 in 0.1 mol L−1 HClO4 provided the highest electrical conductivity of 1.04 × 104 ± 188 S cm−1, not previously reported. The enhanced electrical conductivity can be attributed to the combinatorial primary doping by selective ions (ClO4−, PSS−, SO42−) generating a suitable PEDOT:PSS structure with high carrier number and electron mobility, as consistently verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The refined synthesis opens a new route for PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles to be used in various electronic applications which require the starting nontoxic organic material to be highly conductive. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
COVID‐19: A catalyst for change in virtual health care utilization for persons with limb loss
Authors: Hewitt Melissa A. , Smith Douglas G. , Heckman Jeffrey T. , Pasquina Paul F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe dramatic uptake of virtual care, or telehealth, utilization because of COVID‐19 restrictions for persons with limb loss has led to a much greater understanding of this health care delivery method for this complex patient population. However, much is still unknown. Therefore, the authors provide a comprehensive literature review of existing evidence for virtual care delivery across the phases of amputation rehabilitation, as well as anecdotal evidence, to provide a platform for further discussion and development of research and innovative opportunities. Evidence reveals that virtual care serves as a complement to in‐person health care for individuals with limb loss because it allows for increased accessibility to these services. The authors conclude that continued use of telehealth beyond the COVID‐19 restrictions to optimize outcomes across the continuum of care for persons with limb loss is warranted.
Large difference between Enghoff and Bohr dead space in ventilated infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Zuiki Masashi , Kume Rika , Matsuura Amane , Mitsuno Kohei , Kitamura Kazumasa , Kanayama Takuyo , Komatsu Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundVentilated neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) may show a ventilation‐perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.ObjectiveTo evaluate the difference between the Bohr (Vd, Bohr) and Enghoff (Vd, Enghoff) dead spaces in infants by using volumetric capnography based on ventilator graphics and capnograms.MethodsThis study enrolled 46 ventilated infants (mean birth weight, 2239 ± 640 g; mean gestational age, 35.5 ± 3.3 weeks). We performed volumetric capnography and calculated Vd, Bohr and Vd, Enghoff when arterial blood sampling was necessary for treatment. According to the oxygenation index (OI) based on the Montreux definition of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome, each measurement was classified into the HRF (OI ≥ 4) or control (OI < 4) group. Then, a regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between the OI and the difference between Vd, Enghoff and Vd, Bohr.ResultsThe median Vd, Enghoff/tidal volume (VT) was significantly higher in the HRF group (0.55 [interquartile range, 0.47–0.68]) than in the control group (0.46 [0.37–0.57]). The HRF group showed a larger difference between Vd, Enghoff/VT and Vd, Bohr/VT than the control group (median, 0.22 [0.15–0.29] vs. 0.10 [0.06–0.14], respectively). Moreover, the regression analysis of the relationship between OI and Vd, Enghoff/VT − Vd, Bohr/VT showed a positive correlation (r = .60, p < .001).ConclusionVentilated neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure showed a large difference between Vd, Enghoff and Vd, Bohr, possibly reflecting a low V/Q mismatch and right‐to‐left shunting.