bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Backbone‐Constrained Cationic Peptoid Hexamers with Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Activities
Authors: Shyam Radhe , Forestier Christiane , Charbonnel Nicolas , Roy Olivier , Taillefumier Claude , Faure Sophie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbstract: Submonomer synthesis in solution and block‐coupling protocols were combined to prepare amphiphilic peptoid hexamers. The amphipathic character arises from the use of hydrophobic aliphatic tert‐butyl side‐chains imposing the cis‐amide backbone conformation and various cationic side‐chains periodically introduced each three residues. Evaluation of the effect on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains as well as the capacity to impair biofilm formation and the toxicity of one selected compound allowed to highlight the potential of a short constrained peptoid carrying triazolium‐type cationic pendant groups.
Study on bearing capacity characteristics of steel structure support in soft rock roadway
Authors: Wu Ya‐bin , Hu Jian‐hua , Zhang Xu‐yang , Qin Ya‐guang , Zhang Zhi‐bo , Zhao Xing‐chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen the soft rock roadway in underground mine is supported by steel frame, the bearing capacity of steel structure is the key to the success of roadway support. Taking the soft rock roadway support in Mengnuo lead‐zinc mine as an example, this paper studies the displacement and stress change law of U‐shaped steel, I‐shaped steel, rail steel, and surrounding rock, analyzes the bearing capacity characteristics of steel structure support, and conducts field application tests. The results show that: (a) the deformation resistance of U‐shaped steel is the best, the overall deformation of which is 85.0% of that of track steel, followed by that of I‐shaped steel, which is 92% of that of track steel, and the deformation resistance of track steel is the weakest in comparison; (b) the main stress positions of the three kinds of supporting steel structures are the joint of the support shoulder and the waist. When simulating the support of 10 m roadway, the deformation of the middle 4‐6 m roadway is larger than that of the surrounding rock of the head and tail roadway; (c) when the horizontal stress of the deep soft rock roadway is larger, the floor heave of the roadway is larger than that of the shallow roadway only when the side and top support are used; (d) by the analysis of three different forms and stress states of support steel structures, it is found that the shape of support has a great impact on the bearing mechanical characteristics. It is of great value to study the shape of support with more bearing advantages under the same amount of steel.
Study on the influence mechanism of mixture stratification on GCI combustion and the compound injection strategy under high load operation
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Wang Hu , Zhong Xin , Han Xu , Wang Mengyu , Zheng Zunqing , Yao Mingfa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGasoline compression ignition combustion has demonstrated the potential of getting high fuel efficiency. In this work, two engine models are established in the commercial software Converge 2.3 based on the experimental results of an optical engine and a modified metal engine. The effect mechanism of mixture stratification and the influence of compound control strategy on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion and soot emissions under high load condition are investigated. Results show that synergistic effect of physics and chemistry is the dominant control mechanism of GCI combustion. Stronger mixture stratification can effectively reduce the maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) and improve the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and emissions; applying high EGR will significantly reduce OH radical in the cylinder and subsequently weaken the soot oxidation process, resulting in high soot emission; under the premise of reasonable NOx emission and MPRR, the soot emission can be effectively reduced with a proper advanced main injection timing. The effect of temperature on the soot oxidation process is the primary mechanism for the ultimate soot emission at different main injection timings; properly increasing the interval between the pre‐ and main injection can reduce NOx and soot emissions under the premise of ensuring that the MPRR is within the upper limit. However, the effect is not significant because of the small proportion of preinjection fuel.
Estimating origination times from the early hominin fossil record
Authors: Bobe René , Wood Bernard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe age of the earliest recovered fossil evidence of a hominin taxon is all too often equated with that taxon's origination. However, the earliest known fossil record nearly always postdates, sometimes by a substantial period of time, the true origination of a taxon. Here we evaluate the first appearance records of the earliest potential hominins (Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Orrorin), as well as of the genera Australopithecus, Homo, and Paranthropus, to illustrate the considerable uncertainty regarding the actual timing of origin of these taxa. By placing confidence intervals on the first appearance records of early hominin taxa, we can better evaluate patterns of hominin diversity, turnover, and potential correlations with climatic and environmental changes.
Analysis of aroma and polyphenolic compounds in Saperavi red wine vinified in Qvevri
Authors: Ieri Francesca , Campo Margherita , Cassiani Chiara , Urciuoli Silvia , Jurkhadze Ketie , Romani Annalisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze and characterize a Georgian red wine from Saperavi grape, obtained in Qvevri (Georgian traditional winemaking method), by using innovative techniques for the determination of the polyphenolic content, aroma, and its correlation to the sensory characteristics. This peculiar red wine, after high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐MS), headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), and HS‐SPME‐GCxGC‐MS/TOF (two‐dimensional gas chromatography) chemical characterization showed a high polyphenol content (19.6 × 102 mg/L, 38.4% anthocyanins) and a wide range of volatile compounds, among which terpenes were associated with the aroma of flowers, lemongrass, and wood. Analyses were also conducted to determine the total polyphenol content correlated to antioxidant activity with the Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometric in vitro method (4.650 g GAE/L). In conclusion, for the first time on Saperavi wine, innovative techniques such as HPLC‐DAD‐MS, GC‐MS, and GCxGC‐MS/TOF were simultaneously applied in association with the traditional analytic techniques to perform a complete chemical characterization. These activities are part of a project about circular viticulture in the Georgian territory that will lead the production of traced quality wines and the valorization of the Georgian wine sector.
Effect of heat‐moisture treatment on the structural and physicochemical characteristics of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) starch
Authors: Wu Chunsen , Ji Guiying , Gao Fan , Qian Jian‐Ya , Zhang Liang , Li Qian , Zhang Chen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA small granule starch from sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) was subjected to heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) at different moisture contents (MCs,15%–30%). With MC≤20%, a higher MC resulted in increases in the starch orders (i.e., short‐range and crystalline structure) with unchanged granule morphology. Nonetheless, a further elevated MC (>20%) gradually destroyed the granule morphology and starch orders. Also, HMT gradually vanished the lamellar structure as MC increased during HMT. These structural evolutions in HMT‐modified starch resulted in greater thermal stability, higher pasting temperature, lower pasting viscosity and weakened digestibility. Particularly, HMT applied directly in sand rice starch at 20% MC obtained the highest amount of SDS and RS (23.6%), which was 2.2‐fold higher than that of native starch. Therefore, the small granule sand rice starch can be modulated by HMT through controlled MC to expand their application range in food production.
3D‐multilayer simulation of microstructure and mechanical properties of porous materials by selective sintering
Authors: Zhou Xiandong , Yang Yangyiwei , Bharech Somnath , Lin Binbin , Schröder Jörg , Xu Bai‐Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work presents multilayer phase‐field simulation of selective sintering process and the calculation of effective mechanical properties and residual stress of the microstructure using the finite element method. The dependence of the effective properties and residual stress on the process parameters, such as beam power and scan speed, are analyzed. Significant partial melting of powders is observed for large beam power and low scan speed, which results in low porosity of the microstructure. Nonlinear relationship between the effective mechanical properties and process parameters is observed. The increasing rate of effective mechanical properties decreases with increasing beam power, while increases with decreasing scan speed. The dependence of effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio on porosity are well established using power law models. Stress concentrations are found at the necking region of powders and the intensity increases with the level of partial melting, which results in increasing residual stress in the microstructure. The numerical results reveal quantitatively the process‐microstructure‐property relation, which implies the feasibility of the subsequent data‐driven approach.
What motivates individual public service motivation and cooperation at the initial stage of the COVID‐19 outbreak: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Shu'e , Wang Xiaohe , Shi Yu , Liu Bei , Huang XianHong , Wang Hongni , Zhao Xin , Cao Depin , Sun Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study assesses the status of public service motivation and explains it's the positive association with public cooperation during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 crisis. Moreover, potential causes of Chinese citizens' public service motivation have been explored.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 30 provinces in China was conducted using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted in February 2020 during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Socio‐demographic factors, public service motivation, public satisfaction, public confidence, and public cooperation were assessed using questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify clusters of interrelationships among public service motivation, public satisfaction, public confidence, and public cooperation among Chinese citizens.ResultsWe found that participants' public satisfaction with COVID‐19‐related public services had a positive association with public confidence (B = 0.456, p < 0.001) and public service motivation (B = 0.177,p < 0.001). Moreover, public confidence regarding anti‐COVID‐19 measures had a positive influence on public service motivation (B = 0.308, p < 0.001) while mediating the relationship between public satisfaction and public service motivation. Public service motivation were positively associated with public cooperation with anti‐COVID‐19 measures during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionA considerably high level of public service motivation among Chinese citizens appeared during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic, resulting in an increase in public cooperation. Moreover, the findings prove that a high degree of satisfaction with the government's initiatives regarding anti‐COVID‐19 measures encouraged greater personal public service motivation in respondents by increasing confidence in governmental responses and performance.
Charge Transfer in Ternary Solar Cells Employing Two Fullerene Derivatives: Where do Electrons Go?
Authors: Sperlich Andreas , Auth Michael , Dyakonov Vladimir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarlier reports demonstrated that ternary organic solar cells (OSC) made of donor polymers (D) blended with different mixtures of fullerene acceptors (A : A) performed very similarly. This finding is surprising, as the corresponding fullerene LUMO levels are slightly different, which might result in decisive differences in the charge transfer step. We investigate ternary OSC (D : A : A) made of the donor polymer P3HT with stoichiometric mixtures of different fullerene derivatives, PC60BM : PC70BM and PC70BM : IC60BA, respectively. Using quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) we can distinguish between positive and negative polarons, localized on the specific molecules. We found that after the initial charge transfer step, the electrons are re‐distributed over two nearby acceptors in agreement with their stoichiometry and their relative LUMO energy difference. Remarkably, the measured ΔLUMO differences in fullerene mixtures are reduced by an order of magnitude compared to that of the pristine materials, i. e., below 1 meV for PC60BM : PC70BM and (20±5) meV for PC70BM : IC60BA. Furthermore, we found that this reduced ΔLUMO explains the shift in open circuit voltage for D : A : A organic solar cells. We attribute these findings to hybridization, leading to an effective fullerene LUMO. Consequently, multi‐acceptor blends are indeed a viable option for photodetectors and solar cells, as they combine the best electron acceptor and light absorbing properties.
Progress in the pathological arena of gynecological cancers
Authors: McCluggage W. Glenn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis review covers the significant new developments in the pathological classification of gynecological tumors. Many of these were included in the updated World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tract Tumours, published in 2020. Topics include the compelling evidence that a large majority of extrauterine high‐grade serous carcinomas arise from the fallopian tube; the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Classification of endometrial carcinomas; the discovery that most so‐called synchronous endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas represent metastasis from the endometrium to the ovary; and the division of cervical, vaginal, and vulval carcinomas into clinically meaningful HPV‐associated and HPV‐independent types. Newly described tumor types are covered, including endometrial and ovarian mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma, uterine sarcoma types associated with specific molecular abnormalities, and gastric (gastrointestinal)‐type adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and vagina. Important molecular events in ovarian sex cord–stromal tumors are also discussed.
Increased spontaneous preterm births during the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in India
Authors: Mahajan Niraj N. , Pednekar Rahi , Gaikwad Chaitanya , More Prajakta , Pophalkar Madhura , Kesarwani Shweta , Jnanananda Bhargavi , Mahale Smita D , Gajbhiye Rahul K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and iatrogenic preterm birth (IPTB) rates during both waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the PregCovid registry of pregnant women with COVID‐19 was performed at a dedicated COVID‐19 hospital in Mumbai, India. The data of 1630 women were analyzed for this study between April 4, 2020 and July 4, 2021. Prepandemic data were analyzed and compared with pandemic data. Main outcome measure was spontaneous preterm birth rate.ResultsPreterm deliveries were higher during the second wave (46/329; 14%) compared with the first wave (82/807; 10.2%) of the COVID‐19 pandemic (P = 0.065). Higher SPTBs were reported during the second wave than the first wave (12.5% versus 8.3%) (P = 0.03) as well as the prepandemic period (12.5% versus 10.5%) (P = 0.286). IPTBs were significantly lower in the pandemic period than in the prepandemic period (1.8 versus 3.3) (P = 0.012).ConclusionIn Mumbai, India, we found an unusual change in SPTBs during the 6 months of the second wave of COVID‐19 compared with the previous 10 months of the first wave of pandemic and 1 year of prepandemic.
Placenta accreta risk—antepartum score in predicting clinical outcomes of placenta accreta spectrum: A multicenter validation study
Authors: Shazly Sherif A. , Anan Mohamed A. , Makukhina Tatiana B. , Melekoglu Rauf , Ahmed Farhat ul A. , Pinto Pedro V. , Takahashi Hironori , Ahmed Nermeen B. , Sayed Esraa G. , Elassall Gena M. , Said Aliaa E. , Fahmy Mohamed S. , Dawyee Diaa M. , Penzhoyan Gregory A. , Amirkhanyan Arpine M. , Yılmaz Ercan , Celik Nesibe Z. , Aziz Hijab , Akhter Tayyaba , Ambreen Afshan , Abdelbadie Amr S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the use of placenta accreta risk—antepartum (PAR‐A) score as a predictive tool of clinical outcomes of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).MethodsThis is a prospective study, conducted in six PAS specialized centers in six different countries. The study was conducted between October 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Women who were provisionally diagnosed with PAS during pregnancy were considered eligible. A machine‐learning‐based PAR‐A score was calculated. Diagnostic performance of the PAR‐A score was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve, for perioperative massive blood loss and admission to intensive care unit (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04525001).ResultsOf 97 eligible women, 86 were included. PAS‐associated massive blood loss occurred in 10 patients (11.63%). Median PAR‐A scores of massive blood loss in the current cohort were 8.9 (interquartile range 6.9–14.1). In predicting massive blood loss, the area under the curve of PAR‐A scores was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.95), which was not significantly different from the original cohort (P = 0.2). PAR‐A score prediction of intensive care unit admission was slightly higher compared with the original cohort (0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.95; P = 0.06).ConclusionPAR‐A score is a novel scoring system of PAS outcomes, which showed external validity based on current data.
First successful case of platinum‐based chemotherapy for neuroendocrine prostate cancer withBRCA2andPTENalterations
Authors: Omura Minami , Kosaka Takeo , Aimono Eriko , Nakamura Kohei , Hongo Hiroshi , Mikami Shuji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDeoxyribonucleic acid repair gene mutations are now being studied in a variety of solid tumors, with the hope of predicting prognosis, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes.Case presentationWe report the case of a Japanese patient with advanced castration‐resistant prostate cancer who exhibited a prominent response to platinum therapy and had coexistingBRCA2andPTENmutations according to retrospective multigene panel analysis.ConclusionThrough a review of clinical outcomes and genetic/pathologic profiling, the presented case provides insights into future management strategies based on the tumor genetic status.
Polarization‐sensitive and wide‐spectrum photovoltaic detector based on quasi‐1D ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon
Authors: Bai Ruixue , Xiong Tao , Zhou Jinshu , Liu Yue‐Yang , Shen Wanfu , Hu Chunguang , Yan Faguang , Wang Kaiyou , Wei Dahai , Li Jingbo , Yang Juehan , Wei Zhongming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional semiconductors with in‐plane anisotropy and narrow bandgap have been extensively applied to polarized detection in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. However, the narrow bandgap can cause noise owing to the high dark current in photodetectors. This article reports quasi‐1D ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon‐based photodetectors with low dark current and broadband polarization detection. The photodetector was fabricated by evaporating 50‐nm‐thick Au electrodes on a ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon. Benefiting from the photovoltaic characteristics in the ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon and Au electrodes, these photodetectors can operate without bias voltage, with decreased dark current, and improved device performance. Furthermore, the quasi‐1D ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon‐based photodetectors demonstrate a polarization sensitivity in a broadband from visible (VIS) to the NIR region, such as a high photoresponsivity of 625.65 mA W−1, large external quantum efficiency of 145.9% at 532 nm, and photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 2.04 at 1064 nm. They exhibit a novel perpendicular optical reversal of 90° in polarization‐sensitive photodetection, angle‐resolved absorption spectra, and azimuth‐dependent reflectance difference microscopy (ADRDM) from VIS to the NIR region, as opposed to other nanoribbon‐based polarization‐sensitive photodetectors. This work paves the way for utilizing photovoltaic photodetectors based on low‐dimensional materials for broad‐spectrum polarized photodetection.
Celecoxib decreases mitochondrial complex IV activity and induces oxidative stress in isolated rat heart mitochondria: An analysis for its cardiotoxic adverse effect
Authors: Atashbar Saman , Jamali Zhaleh , Khezri Saleh , Salimi Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn spite of the cardiotoxic effect of selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors, they are most widely used as anti‐inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Today, valdecoxib and rofecoxib have been withdrawn in the market but celecoxib remains. In this study, we focused on an analysis of celecoxib toxic effects on isolated mitochondria. Isolated rat heart mitochondria were obtained using differential centrifugation. Using flow cytometry and biochemical assays, we searched succinate dehydrogenases, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial swelling, ATP/ADP ratio, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial complexes activity in rat heart isolated mitochondria. Herein, our results indicated a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV after exposure with celecoxib (16 µg/ml). This decrease in the activity of complex IV is paralleled by the MMP collapse, ROS formation, mitochondrial swelling, depletion of ATP, and lipid peroxidation. For the first time, this introductory study has shown a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV and mitochondrial dysfunction after exposure with celecoxib in rat heart isolated mitochondria.
Refractory vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) managed with delayed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)
Authors: Major Ajay , Carll Timothy , Chan Clarence W. , Christenson Chancey , Aldarweesh Fatima , Wool Geoffrey D. , Cohen Kenneth S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a newly described hematologic disorder, which presents as acute thrombocytopenia and thrombosis after administration of the ChAdOx1 nCov‐19 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) adenovirus‐based vaccines against COVID‐19. Due to positive assays for antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4), VITT is managed similarly to autoimmune heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and non‐heparin anticoagulation. We describe a case of VITT in a 50‐year‐old man with antecedent alcoholic cirrhosis who presented with platelets of 7 × 103/μL and portal vein thrombosis 21 days following administration of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID‐19 vaccine. The patient developed progressive thrombosis and persistent severe thrombocytopenia despite IVIG, rituximab and high‐dose steroids and had persistent anti‐PF4 antibodies over 30 days after his initial presentation. As such, delayed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was pursued on day 32 of admission as salvage therapy, with a sustained improvement in his platelet count. Our case serves as proof‐of‐concept of the efficacy of TPE in VITT.