bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation Rhinoplasty: Assessment of Anatomical Safe Boundaries on Computed Tomography
Authors: Demirel Oguzhan , Atesci Mustafa Serdar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Nasal dorsum reconstruction is a crucial step of the rhinoplasty. For avoiding complications, techniques that preserve natural dorsal anatomy becomes popular recently. In preservation techniques, ethmoidal bone surgery may take part in the vast majority of defined techniques. Therefore, detailed anatomical knowledge is essential to avoid severe complications, especially cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Based on these, this study aimed to investigate anatomical safe boundaries of preservation techniques based on the measurements on computed tomography.

Methods:
A total of 100 patients who underwent paranasal computed tomography were enrolled in this retrospective study. Five groups were selected based on the age distribution. The distance of the dorsal osteotomy line to cranial base, amount of cartilaginous/bony septum overlaps under nasal bones, cartilaginous/bony septum length anterior and posterior to the nasal hump starting point, and anteroposterior distance of perpendicular plate was measured.

Results:
The mean distance between the starting point of the nasal hump and the cribriform plate was 29.5 mm. The amount of bony overlap above the cartilaginous septum was 10.9 mm in females and 10.5 mm in males. The length of septal cartilage posterior to nasal hump was 0 mm in 39 of 100 patients (39%) and the mean value was 2.38 mm in all populations. The mean distance from the starting point of the perpendicular plate to the cribriform plate was 28.17 mm.

Conclusions:
Perpendicular plate may take part in the constitution of the nasal hump. Therefore, delicate surgery with appropriate tools needed for avoiding the risk of skull base injury.

Level of evidence:
Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Outcome in Elderly Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ratcovich Hanna Louise , Josiassen Jakob , Helgestad Ole Kristian Lerche , Linde Louise , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Ravn Hanne Berg , Joshi Francis R. , Engstrøm Thomas , Schmidt Henrik , Hassager Christian , Møller Jacob E. , Holmvang Lene 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Despite advances in treatment of patients with cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction (AMICS) in-hospital mortality remains around 50%. Outcome varies among patient subsets and the elderly often have a poor a priori prognosis. We sought to investigate outcome among elderly AMICS patients referred to evaluation and treatment at a tertiary university hospital.

Methods:
Current analysis was based on the RETROSHOCK registry comprising consecutive AMICS patients admitted to tertiary care. Patients in the registry were individually identified and validated.

Results:
Of 1,716 admitted patients, 496 (28.9%) patients were ≥75 years old. Older patients were less likely to be admitted directly to a tertiary centre (59.4% vs. 69.9%, P = 0.003), receive mechanical support devices (i.e., Impella® (8.9% vs. 15.0%, P = 0.003), and undergo revascularization attempt (76.8% vs. 90.2%, P < 0.001). Thirty-day survivors ≥75 years were characterized by having higher left ventricular ejection fraction (30.2% ± 12.5% vs. 26.5% ± 11.8%, P = 0.004) and lower arterial lactate (3.2[2.2–5.2] mmol/L vs. 5.5[3.3–8.2] mmol/L, P < 0.001) at admission. In a multivariable analysis of patients ≥75 years, higher age (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.14, P < 0.001), higher heart rate (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001–1.014, P = 0.03), and higher lactate (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.16, P < 0.001) at admission were associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality.

Conclusion:
Among patients ≥75 years with AMICS referred for tertiary specialized treatment, 30-day mortality was 73.4%. Survivors were characterized by lower arterial lactate and heart rate at admission.
Outcomes of Subtotal Parathyroidectomy Versus Total Parathyroidectomy With Autotransplantation for Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Choi Hye Ryeon , Aboueisha Mohamed A. , Attia Abdallah S. , Omar Mahmoud , ELnahla Ahmad , Toraih Eman A. , Shama Mohamed , Chung Woong Youn , Jeong Jong Ju , Kandil Emad 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Due to the paucity of data and controversy regarding the preferred surgical approach for managing tertiary HPT, we sought to investigate the outcomes of different surgical approaches in managing this challenging disease.

Methods:
We performed a multi-center retrospective study to include patients with tertiary HPT who underwent STPX or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPX-A).

Results:
One hundred five patients had kidney transplant, and 43 were on dialysis. In the kidney transplant group, 61 patients underwent STPX, and 44 for TPX-A. Patients’ demographics were not significantly different (48.61 ± 9.31 vs 47.95 ± 12.73 years, P = 0.759. The postoperative follow-up showed that the TPX-A cohort had a higher rate of hypoparathyroidism (N = 20, 45.45%) versus (N = 14, 22.95%) with the STPX cohort (P = 0.013). The cure among the TPX-A cohorts (84.09%) over the STPX cohort (73.77%) (P = 0.153). The long-term follow-up showed that the rate of developing temporary (N = 16, 41.03%) or permanent (N = 8, 20.51%) hypoparathyroidism was significantly higher among patients who underwent TPX-A over the patients who underwent STPX (N = 7, 17.95%), and (N = 4, 10.26%), respectively (P = 0.012). There was no statistical difference between the persistence (N = 3, 7.69%) or the recurrence (N = 2, 5.13%) of the HPT in the TPX-A cohort and the STPX cohort (N = 2, 5.13%). (N = 4, 10.26%), respectively, P = 0.644.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the largest multi-center study that compared different approaches for managing tertiary HPT. Showing that STPX is the better modality in patients diagnosed with tertiary HPT and had kidney transplants avoiding the risk of hypoparathyroidism.
Effect of Thoracic Surgery Regionalization on 1- and 3-Year Survival after Cancer Esophagectomy
Authors: Ely Sora , Alabaster Amy , Dominguez Dana A. , Maxim Clara , Ashiku Simon K. , Patel Ashish R. , Velotta Jeffrey B. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether our previously reported improvements in short-term cancer esophagectomy outcomes after large-scale regionalization in the United States translated to longer-term survival benefit.

Background:
Regionalization is associated with better early postoperative outcomes following cancer esophagectomy; however, data regarding its effect on long-term survival are mixed.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 461 patients undergoing cancer esophagectomy before (2009-2013, N = 272) and after (2014-2016, N = 189) regionalization. Kaplan-Meier curves and chi-square tests were used to describe 1- and 3-year survival in each era. Hierarchical logistic regression models examined the adjusted effect of regionalization on mortality.

Results:
Compared to pre-regionalization patients, post-regionalization patients had significantly higher 1-year survival (83.1% vs 73.9%, P = 0.02) but not 3-year survival (52.9% vs 58.2%, P = 0.26).
Subgroup analysis by cancer stage revealed that 1-year survival benefit was only significant among mid-stage (IIB-IIIB) patients, whereas differences in 3-year survival only approached significance among early-stage (IA-IIA) patients.
In multivariable analysis, only regionalization was a predictor of lower mortality at 1 year [odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-1.00], and only thoracic specialty at 3years (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.38-0.99). Older age, more advanced stage, and complications were associated with higher 1- and 3-year mortality. Comorbidity, minimally invasive approach, surgeon volume, facility volume, and neoadjuvant treatment were not significant in this model.

Conclusions:
Regionalization was associated with improved 1-year survival after cancer esophagectomy, independent of factors such as morbidity or volume in our adjusted models. This survival benefit did not persist at 3 years, likely due to the aggressive nature of the disease.
Oxicam-type NSAIDs enhanceAgrobacterium-mediated transformation in plants
Authors: Choi Seung-won , Kumaishi Kie , Motohashi Reiko , Enoki Harumi , Chacuttayapong Wiluk , Takamizo Tadashi , Saika Hiroaki , Endo Masaki , Yamada Tetsuya , Hirose Aya , Koizuka Nobuya , Kimura Seisuke , Kawakatsu Yaichi , Koga Hiroyuki , Ito Emi , Shirasu Ken , Ichihashi Yasunori 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAgrobacterium-mediated transformation represents a key innovation for plant breeding and is routinely used in research and applied biology. However, for several species, the efficacy of transformation is limited. In this study, we discovered that oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including tenoxicam (TNX), enhance the efficiency ofAgrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in the model speciesArabidopsis thalianavia leaf infiltration and can be successfully applied in analyses of the subcellular localisation of fluorescent fusion proteins. TNX acts as an inhibitor of plant immune responses and lacks similar transient transformation efficiency in adde2/ein2/pad4/sid2quadruple mutant background, thereby indicating that TNX increases the efficiency ofAgrobacteriuminfection via a transient shutdown of the immune system mediated by jasmonic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid signalling. In addition, we found that TNX enhances the efficiency of stable transformation in crops of agricultural and economic importance, such as Jatropha and maize, indicating that TNX can enhance the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome via an increased introduction of DNA into plant cells. Given that treatment with oxicam compounds is simple, cost effective, and has broad utility, we anticipate that this discovery will contribute to accelerating genome-editing technologies in plants.
Non-deletional CD8+T cell self-tolerance permits responsiveness but limits tissue damage
Authors: Truckenbrod Emily Nestor , Burrack Kristina S , Knutson Todd P , da Silva Henrique Borges , Block Katharine E , Stagliano Katie R , Hurwitz Arthur A , Fulton Ross B , Renkema Kristin R , Jameson Stephen C 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf-specific CD8+ T cells often escape clonal deletion, but the properties and capabilities of such cells in a physiological setting are unclear. We characterized polyclonal CD8+T cells specific for the melanocyte antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) in mice that express or lack this enzyme due to deficiency inDct, which encodes Trp2. The size, phenotype, and gene expression profile of the pre-immune Trp2/Kb-specific pool were similar in wild-type (WT) andDct-deficient (Dct-/-) mice. Despite comparable initial responses to Trp2 immunization, WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells showed blunted expansion, and scRNAseq revealed WT cells less readily differentiated into a CD25+ proliferative population. Functional self-tolerance clearly emerged when assessing immunopathology: adoptively transferred WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells mediated vitiligo much less efficiently. Hence, CD8+T cell self-specificity is poorly predicted by precursor frequency, phenotype or even initial responsiveness, while deficient activation-induced CD25 expression and other gene expression characteristics may help to identify functionally tolerant cells.
Inhibition of protein N-myristoylation blocksPlasmodium falciparumintraerythrocytic development, egress, and invasion
Authors: Schlott Anja C. , Knuepfer Ellen , Green Judith L. , Hobson Philip , Borg Aaron J. , Morales-Sanfrutos Julia , Perrin Abigail J. , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Tate Edward W , Holder Anthony A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWe have combined chemical biology and genetic modification approaches to investigate the importance of protein myristoylation in the human malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum. Parasite treatment during schizogony in the last ten to fifteen hours of the erythrocytic cycle with IMP-1002, an inhibitor ofN-myristoyl transferase (NMT), led to a significant blockade in parasite egress from the infected erythrocyte. Two rhoptry proteins were mislocalized in the cell, suggesting that rhoptry function is disrupted. We identified sixteen NMT substrates for which myristoylation was significantly reduced by NMT inhibitor treatment, and of these, six proteins were substantially reduced in abundance. In a viability screen, we showed that for four of these proteins replacement of the N-terminal glycine with alanine to prevent myristoylation had a substantial effect on parasite fitness. In detailed studies of one NMT substrate, glideosome associated protein 45 (GAP45), loss of myristoylation had no impact on protein location or glideosome assembly, in contrast to the disruption caused by GAP45 gene deletion, but GAP45 myristoylation was essential for erythrocyte invasion. Therefore, there are at least three mechanisms by which inhibition of NMT can disrupt parasite development and growth: early in parasite development, leading to the inhibition of schizogony and formation of ‘pseudoschizonts’, which has been described previously; at the end of schizogony, with disruption of rhoptry formation, merozoite development and egress from the infected erythrocyte; and at invasion, when impairment of motor complex function prevents invasion of new erythrocytes. These results underline the importance ofP. falciparumNMT as a drug target because of the pleiotropic effect of its inhibition.
Aerial course stabilization is impaired in motion-blind flies
Authors: Leonte Maria-Bianca , Leonhardt Aljoscha , Borst Alexander , Mauss Alex S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVisual motion detection is among the best understood neuronal computations. One assumed behavioural role is to detect self-motion and to counteract involuntary course deviations, extensively investigated in tethered walking or flying flies. In free flight, however, any deviation from a straight course is signalled by both the visual system as well as by proprioceptive mechanoreceptors called ‘halteres’, which are the equivalent of the vestibular system in vertebrates. Therefore, it is yet unclear to what extent motion vision contributes to course control, or whether straight flight is completely controlled by proprioceptive feedback from the halteres. To answer these questions, we genetically rendered flies motion-blind by blocking their primary motion-sensitive neurons and quantified their free-flight performance. We found that such flies have difficulties maintaining a straight flight trajectory, much like control flies in the dark. By unilateral wing clipping, we generated an asymmetry in propulsory force and tested the ability of flies to compensate for this perturbation. While wild-type flies showed a remarkable level of compensation, motion-blind animals exhibited pronounced circling behaviour. Our results therefore unequivocally demonstrate that motion vision is necessary to fly straight under realistic conditions.
Wild-type FUS corrects ALS-like disease induced by cytoplasmic mutant FUS through autoregulation
Authors: Sanjuan-Ruiz Inmaculada , Govea-Perez Noé , Mcalonis-Downes Melissa , Dieterle Stéphane , Megat Salim , Dirrig-Grosch Sylvie , Picchiarelli Gina , Piol Diana , Zhu Qiang , Myers Brian , Lee Chao-Zong , Cleveland Don W , Lagier-Tourenne Clotilde , Da Cruz Sandrine , Dupuis Luc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMutations in FUS, an RNA-binding protein involved in multiple steps of RNA metabolism, are associated with the most severe forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Accumulation of cytoplasmic FUS is likely to be a major culprit in the toxicity ofFUSmutations. Thus, preventing cytoplasmic mislocalization of the FUS protein may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy. FUS binds to its own pre-mRNA creating an autoregulatory loop efficiently buffering FUS excess through multiple proposed mechanisms including retention of introns 6 and/or 7. Here, we introduced a wild-typeFUSgene allele, retaining all intronic sequences, in mice whose heterozygous or homozygous expression of a cytoplasmically retained FUS protein (FusΔNLS) was previously shown to provoke ALS-like disease or postnatal lethality, respectively. Wild-type FUS completely rescued the early lethality caused by the twoFusΔNLSalleles, and improved age-dependent motor deficit and reduced lifespan associated with the heterozygous expression ofFusΔNLS. Mechanistically, wild-type FUS decreased the load of cytoplasmic FUS, increased exon 7 skipping and retention of introns 6 and 7 in the endogenous mouseFusmRNA, leading to decreased expression of the mutant mRNA. Thus, the wild-typeFUSallele activates the homeostatic autoregulatory loop, maintaining constant FUS levels and decreasing the mutant protein in the cytoplasm. These results provide proof of concept that an autoregulatory competent wild-type FUS expression could protect against this devastating, currently intractable, neurodegenerative disease.
Oncolytic virus treatment differentially affects the CD56dimand CD56brightNK cell subsetsin vivoand regulates a spectrum of human NK cell activity
Authors: Wantoch Michelle , Wilson Erica B. , Droop Alastair P. , Phillips Sarah L. , Coffey Matt , El-Sherbiny Yasser M. , Holmes Tim D. , Melcher Alan A. , Wetherill Laura F. , Cook Graham P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells protect against intracellular infection and cancer. These properties are exploited in oncolytic virus (OV) therapy, where anti-viral responses enhance anti-tumour immunity. We have analysed the mechanism by which reovirus, an oncolytic dsRNA virus, modulates human NK cell activity. Reovirus activates NK cells in a type I interferon (IFN-I) dependent manner, resulting in STAT1 and STAT4 signalling in both CD56dimand CD56brightNK cell subsets. Gene expression profiling revealed the dominance of IFN-I responses and identified induction of genes associated with NK cell cytotoxicity and cell cycle progression, with distinct responses in the CD56dimand CD56brightsubsets. However, reovirus treatment, acting via IFN-I, inhibited NK cell proliferative responses to IL-15 and was associated with reduced AKT signalling.In vivo, human CD56dimand CD56brightNK cells responded with similar kinetics to reovirus treatment, but CD56brightNK cells were transiently lost from the peripheral circulation at the peak of the IFN-I response, suggestive of their redistribution to secondary lymphoid tissue. These results show that reovirus modulates a spectrum of NK cell activityin vivo, encompassing direct action on tumour cells and the regulation of adaptive immunity. Such activity is likely to mirror NK cell responses to natural viral infection.
Interacting brains coming in sync through their minds: An inter-brain neurofeedback study
Authors: Müller Viktor , Perdikis Dionysios , Mende Melinda A. , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe live in a social world where we interact with each other. Neurofeedback (NFB) is an indispensable element for such interaction. Single-person NFB studies using electroencephalography (EEG) or other neuroimaging recordings were extensively reported. However, hyperscanning studies using inter-brain synchrony (IBS) as an NFB feature are completely unknown. In this study, we present two different experimental designs where IBS was fed visually back either as two balls approaching each other (so-called“ball”design) or as two pendula reflecting oscillatory activity of two participants (so-called“pendulum”design). The NFB was provided at two EEG frequencies (2.5 and 5 Hz) and manipulated by enhanced (fake condition) and inverse feedback. We showed that the participants were able to increase IBS by using NFB, especially when it was fed back at the theta frequency. Apart from the intra- and inter-brain coupling, other oscillatory activities (e.g., power spectral density, peak amplitude and peak frequency) changed during the task compared to rest. Moreover, all the measures showed specific correlations to the subjective post-survey item scores, reflecting subjective feeling and appraisal. We conclude that hyperscanning with IBS as a feedback feature seems to be an important tool to examine neural mechanisms of social interaction and collective behavior.
Investigating the Effects of Macaque Primary Motor Cortex Multi-Unit Activity Binning Period on Behavioural Decoding Performance
Authors: Savolainen Oscar W. , Constandinou Timothy G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between Multi-Unit Activity (MUA) Binning Period (BP) and Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) decoding performance using Long-Short Term Memory decoders. The motivation is to determine whether lossy compression of MUA via increasing BP has any adverse consequences for BCI Behavioral Decoding Performance (BDP). The Neural data originates from intracortical recordings from Macaque Primary Motor cortex [1]. The BDP is measured by the Pearson correlationrbetween the observed and predicted velocity of the subject’s X-Y hand coordinates in reaching tasks [1]. The results suggest a statistically significant but slight linear relationship between increasing MUA BP and decreasing BDP. For example, when using a 100 ms moving average window, increasing the BP by 10 ms on average reduces the BDP r by approximately 0.85%. This relationship may be due to the reduced number of training examples, or due to the loss of Behavioral information because of reduced MUA temporal resolution.
Tooth size apportionment, Bayesian inference, and the phylogeny ofHomo naledi
Authors: Irish Joel D. , Grabowski Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study has three main objectives—two methodological and one summative, namely, further characterization ofHomo naledi(∼335–236 ka) to more firmly establish its evolutionary history. Using mathematically-corrected mesiodistal and buccolingual crown dimensions, the species was compared with samples ofPan troglodytes, Australopithecus africanus,A. afarensis,Paranthropus robustus,P. boisei,H. habilis,H. ergaster,H. erectus,H. heidelbergensis,H. neanderthalensis, andH. sapiens; the correction yields equivalently scaled samples unaffected by significant interspecific size differences. After initial cluster analysis, the data were used in tooth size apportionment analysis to determine how size is distributed relatively in each species’ dentition, while visualizing this variation in a sample scatterplot. The first main objective then, after quantitative coding, is evaluating the utility of these characters to estimate phylogenetic relationships, here using Bayesian inference with an Mkv model. The second objective, for the first time in paleoanthropological study, is estimating relationships using continuous characters, i.e., the scaled data, through Bayesian inference under a Brownian-motion model. This strategy facilitates maximum reception of potential phylogenetic signal. The final objective based on all analyses, though principally continuous Bayesian inference, is to elucidate the phylogeny ofH. naledi.Relationships are largely congruent across methods and, with markedly higher node support, most of those inferred in prior systematic studies using qualitatively discretized traits. The present results placeH. naledias a sister taxon toH. habilis(node support ∼70-99%), with a plesiomorphic pattern of relative tooth size. It is nested within a clade comprising australopiths and earlyHomodating 3.3 Ma to ∼800 ka, distinct from youngerH. erectusthroughH. sapiens.This suggests thatH. naledioriginated well before the geological date range associated with the Dinaledi Chamber, from which the remains in this study were recovered, to represent a long-lived side branch in the genus.