bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to the thin beauty ideal: Are there subliminal priming effects?
Authors: Leins Judith , Waldorf Manuel , Suchan Boris , Diers Martin , Herpertz Stephan , Paslakis Georgios , Steins‐Loeber Sabine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious research suggested that exposure to the thin beauty ideal propagated by the media is associated with body dissatisfaction and the development of disordered eating. Given recent suggestions regarding the role of automatic processes, we aimed to enhance our understanding of automatic, unconscious responses to body pictures and the association with the internalization of the thin ideal and the severity of eating disorder symptoms.MethodAn affective priming task with body pictures of different weight as primes and a normal‐weight body picture as target, which had to be evaluated with regard to attractiveness and desirability, was administered to healthy women with either subliminal prime presentation (Experiment 1) or conscious presentation (Experiment 2).ResultsSubliminal presentation did not affect the evaluation of the normal‐weight target, although strength of evaluative shifts was significantly associated with internalization of the thin ideal. In contrast, the conscious presentation of the ultra‐thin prime decreased and of the obese prime increased desirability and attractiveness ratings of the target.DiscussionPrevention strategies focusing on the critical evaluation of the thin ideal are important. Future studies are warranted to enhance our understanding of automatic, unconscious processes in women experiencing eating disorders.
Social predation in electric eels
Authors: Bastos Douglas A. , Zuanon Jansen , Rapp Py‐Daniel Lúcia , de Santana Carlos David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial predation—when groups of predators coordinate actions to find and capture prey—is a common tactic among mammals but comparatively rare in fishes. We report the unexpected social predation by electric eels, an otherwise solitary predator in the Amazon rainforest. Observations made in different years and recorded on video show electric eels herding, encircling shoals of small nektonic fishes, and launching joint predatory high‐voltage strikes on the prey ball. These findings challenge the hypothesis that electric eels may have a single foraging strategy and extend our knowledge on social predation to an organism that employs high‐voltage discharge for hunting. Thereby offering a novel perspective for studies on the evolutionary interplay between predatory and escape tactics.
Why students do not turn on their video cameras during online classes and an equitable and inclusive plan to encourage them to do so
Authors: Castelli Frank R. , Sarvary Mark A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnrollment in courses taught remotely in higher education has been on the rise, with a recent surge in response to a global pandemic. While adapting this form of teaching, instructors familiar with traditional face‐to‐face methods are now met with a new set of challenges, including students not turning on their cameras during synchronous class meetings held via videoconferencing. After transitioning to emergency remote instruction in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, our introductory biology course shifted all in‐person laboratory sections into synchronous class meetings held via the Zoom videoconferencing program. Out of consideration for students, we established a policy that video camera use during class was optional, but encouraged. However, by the end of the semester, several of our instructors and students reported lower than desired camera use that diminished the educational experience. We surveyed students to better understand why they did not turn on their cameras. We confirmed several predicted reasons including the most frequently reported: being concerned about personal appearance. Other reasons included being concerned about other people and the physical location being seen in the background and having a weak internet connection, all of which our exploratory analyses suggest may disproportionately influence underrepresented minorities. Additionally, some students revealed to us that social norms also play a role in camera use. This information was used to develop strategies to encourage—without requiring—camera use while promoting equity and inclusion. Broadly, these strategies are to not require camera use, explicitly encourage usage while establishing norms, address potential distractions, engage students with active learning, and understand your students’ challenges through surveys. While the demographics and needs of students vary by course and institution, our recommendations will likely be directly helpful to many instructors and also serve as a model for gathering data to develop strategies more tailored for other student populations.
Predicting seasonal movements and distribution of the sperm whale using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Chambault Philippine , Fossette Sabrina , Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Jouannet Daniel , Vély Michel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImplementation of effective conservation planning relies on a robust understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution of the target species. In the marine realm, this is even more challenging for species rarely seen at the sea surface due to their extreme diving behavior like the sperm whales. Our study aims at (a) investigating the seasonal movements, (b) predicting the potential distribution, and (c) assessing the diel vertical behavior of this species in the Mascarene Archipelago in the south‐west Indian Ocean. Using 21 satellite tracks of sperm whales and eight environmental predictors, 14 supervised machine learning algorithms were tested and compared to predict the whales' potential distribution during the wet and dry season, separately. Fourteen of the whales remained in close proximity to Mauritius, while a migratory pattern was evidenced with a synchronized departure for eight females that headed towards Rodrigues Island. The best performing algorithm was the random forest, showing a strong affinity of the whales for sea surface height during the wet season and for bottom temperature during the dry season. A more dispersed distribution was predicted during the wet season, whereas a more restricted distribution to Mauritius and Reunion waters was found during the dry season, probably related to the breeding period. A diel pattern was observed in the diving behavior, likely following the vertical migration of squids. The results of our study fill a knowledge gap regarding seasonal movements and habitat affinities of this vulnerable species, for which a regional IUCN assessment is still missing in the Indian Ocean. Our findings also confirm the great potential of machine learning algorithms in conservation planning and provide highly reproductible tools to support dynamic ocean management.
Coupled ecological and management connectivity across administrative boundaries in undeveloped landscapes
Authors: Aslan Clare E. , Brunson Mark W. , Sikes Benjamin A. , Epanchin‐Niell Rebecca S. , Veloz Samuel , Theobald David M. , Dickson Brett G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman‐induced ecological boundaries, or anthropogenic ecotones, may arise where administrative boundaries meet on undeveloped lands. Landscape‐level ecological processes related to factors such as fire, invasive species, grazing, resource extraction, wildlife, and water may be affected due to unique management strategies adopted by each administrative unit. Over time, different management can result in discernible ecological differences (e.g., species composition or soil characteristics). Thus, fragmentation in the management landscape can correspond to ecological fragmentation. Different ecological patterns may emerge due to an increase in the number of management units in a region, or due to an increase in the number of different types of management units in the region. Temporal effects and collaboration history can also affect the emergence of ecotones. We use conceptual models to explore the relationship between these aspects of management fragmentation and the anthropogenic ecotones between management parcels. We then use examples of different management challenges to explore how anthropogenic ecotones can disrupt ecological flows. Our models suggest that cross‐boundary collaboration that enhances management connectivity is likely essential to ecological connectivity in the face of environmental and social change.
Characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation patients with heart failure: GARFIELD‐AF
Authors: Ambrosio Giuseppe , Camm A. John , Bassand Jean‐Pierre , Corbalan Ramon , Kayani Gloria , Carluccio Erberto , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Virdone Saverio , Kakkar Ajay K. ,   for the GARFIELD‐AF Investigators
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) may coexist and influence each other. However, characteristics, anticoagulant treatment, and outcomes of contemporary AF patients with concurrent HF are ill‐defined. This study analyses characteristics, treatment, and 2 year outcomes in newly diagnosed Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD‐Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD‐AF) patients with vs. without HF.Methods and resultsGARFIELD‐AF is the world's largest observational AF patient study. At enrolment, 11 758 of 52 072 patients (22.6%) had HF; 76.3% were New York Heart Association class II–III. Patients with HF had comparable demographics, blood pressure, and heart rate but more likely had permanent (15.6% vs. 11.9%) or persistent AF (18.9% vs. 13.8%), acute coronary syndromes (16.7% vs. 8.9%), vascular disease (40.8% vs. 20.2%), and moderate‐to‐severe chronic kidney disease (14.6% vs. 9.0%) than those without. Anticoagulant prescription was similar between the two groups. At 2 year follow‐up, patients with HF showed a greater risk of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.91–2.21; P < 0.0001], cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 2.58–3.29; P < 0.0001), acute coronary syndromes (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.52; P = 0.03), and stroke/systemic embolism (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07–1.43; P = 0.0044). Major bleeding rate was comparable (adjusted HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.84–1.18; P = 0.968). Among patients without HF at baseline, incidence of new HF was low [0.69 (95% CI, 0.63–0.75) per 100 person‐years], whereas propensity to develop worsening HF was higher in those with HF [1.62 (95% CI, 1.45–1.80) per 100 person‐years].ConclusionsPatients with AF and HF have a high risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and stroke/systemic embolism and may develop worsening HF.
Incremental prognostic value of cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging over the co‐morbid burden in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Kayama Kiyomi , Yamada Takahisa , Tamaki Shunsuke , Watanabe Tetsuya , Morita Takashi , Furukawa Yoshio , Kawasaki Masato , Kikuchi Atsushi , Kawai Tsutomu , Seo Masahiro , Nakamura Jun , Kawahira Masatsugu , Fukunami Masatake 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsCo‐morbidities are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure, while cardiac iodine‐123 (I‐123) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging provides prognostic information in such patients. We sought to prospectively investigate the incremental prognostic value of cardiac MIBG imaging over the co‐morbid burden, in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Methods and resultsIn 433 consecutive ADHF patients with survival to discharge, we measured the co‐morbidity using age‐adjusted Charlson co‐morbidity index (ACCI), commonly employed to evaluate a weighted and scored co‐morbid condition, adding additional points for age. In cardiac MIBG imaging, the cardiac MIBG heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio (late HMR) was measured on the delayed image. Over a follow‐up period of 2.9 ± 1.5 years, 160 patients had a cardiac event (a composite of cardiac death and unplanned hospitalization for worsening heart failure). Patients with high ACCI (≥6: median value) had a significantly greater risk of a cardiac event. In multivariate Cox analysis, the ACCI and late HMR were significantly and independently associated with a cardiac event. In both high and low ACCI subgroups (ACCI ≥ 6 and <6, respectively), patients with low late HMR had a significantly greater risk of a cardiac event (high ACCI: 51% vs. 34% P = 0.0026, adjusted HR 1.74 [1.21–2.51]; low ACCI: 34% vs. 17%, P = 0.0228, adjusted HR 2.19 [1.10–4.37]).ConclusionsCardiac MIBG imaging could provide additional prognostic information over ACCI, which was also promoted to be a useful risk model, in patients admitted for ADHF.
Characterization of NT‐proBNP in a large cohort of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Caro‐Codón Juan , Rey Juan R. , Buño Antonio , Iniesta Angel M. , Rosillo Sandra O. , Castrejon‐Castrejon Sergio , Rodriguez‐Sotelo Laura , Martinez Luis A. , Marco Irene , Merino Carlos , Martin‐Polo Lorena , Garcia‐Veas Jose M. , Martinez‐Cossiani Marcel , Gonzalez‐Valle Luis , Herrero Alicia , López‐de‐Sa Esteban , Merino Jose L. ,   CARD‐COVID Investigators
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsExtensive research regarding the association of troponin and prognosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been performed. However, data regarding natriuretic peptides are scarce. N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) reflects haemodynamic stress and has proven useful for risk stratification in heart failure (HF) and other conditions such as pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. We aimed to adequately characterize NT‐proBNP concentrations using a large cohort of patients with COVID‐19, and to investigate its association with prognosis.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and available NT‐proBNP determinations, from March 1st to April 20th, 2020 who completed at least 1‐month follow‐up or died, were studied. Of 3080 screened patients, a total of 396 (mean age 71.8 ± 14.6 years, 61.1% male) fulfilled all the selection criteria and were finally included, with a median follow‐up of 53 (18–62) days. Of those, 192 (48.5%) presented NT‐proBNP levels above the recommended cut‐off for the identification of HF. However, only 47 fulfilled the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of HF. Patients with higher NT‐proBNP during admission experienced more frequent bleeding, arrhythmias and HF decompensations. NT‐proBNP was associated with mortality both in the whole study population and after excluding patients with HF. A multivariable Cox model confirmed that NT‐proBNP was independently associated with mortality after adjusting for all relevant confounders (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.13–1.44, per logarithmic unit).ConclusionNT‐proBNP is frequently elevated in COVID‐19. It is strongly and independently associated with mortality after adjusting for relevant confounders, including chronic HF and acute HF. Therefore, its use may improve early prognostic stratification in this condition.
Lattice Dynamics and Thermodynamic Properties of Bulk Phases and Monolayers of GaTe and InTe: A Comparison from First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Bandura Andrei V. , Kovalenko Alexey V. , Kuruch Dmitry D. , Evarestov Robert A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe hybrid density functional theory was used to study the structural, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of stable and hypothetical bulk GaTe and InTe polymorphs, as well as their monolayer counterparts. Criteria based on the vibrational frequencies have been proposed to distinguish between different monolayer structures. Heat capacity, entropy, and Helmholtz free energy have been calculated by summing the vibrational contributions over the corresponding Brillouin zone. The relative stability of the considered systems has been estimated at different temperatures using the obtained Helmholtz free energy. Both the total energy and the Helmholtz free energy calculations confirmed that a free‐standing monolayer originated from the monoclinic GaTe phase is less stable than its hexagonal analogs. It was also found that the temperature increase favors monolayer formation in the case of GaTe, but prevents it in the case of InTe.
Seeded Growth of Au@PdAg Alloy Core‐Shell Nano‐Dendrites with Tunable Size and Composition
Authors: Zhang Gongguo , Ma Yanyun , Liu Feng , Fu Xiaowei , Luan Xiaoqian , Qu Fengli , Liu Maochang , Zheng Yiqun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a facile synthesis of Au@PdAg alloy core‐shell nanocrystals in dendrite form, having tunable size and composition. In particular, using spherical Au nanoparticles as seeds, the co‐reduction of Pd and Ag precursor in growth stage results in the formation of PdAg alloy shells with a dendrite shape. Their size and elemental composition can be tuned by varying the seed amount and feeding ratio in Pd and Ag precursor, respectively, illustrating the versatility of the current synthetic strategy. The size, morphology, and elemental composition of the products have been characterized using a set of techniques, including SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, HAADF‐STEM, and EDX‐STEM mapping. When working as electrocatalysts, the current Au@PdAg alloy core‐shell nanocrystals supported by carbon black exhibit enhanced activity and excellent operation stability for electroxidation of ethanol as compared to commercial Pd/C. The current work offers a feasible strategy to preparation of multi‐metallic core‐shell dendritic nanocrystals with controllable size and composition and could find important use in fuel cells and related fields.
A New Lithium‐Rich Zeolitic 10‐MR Zincolithosilicate MZS‐1 Hydrothermally Synthesized under High Pressure and Characterized by 3D Electron Diffraction
Authors: Steciuk Gwladys , Schäf Oliver , Tortet Laurence , Pizzala Hélène , Palatinus Lukáš , Hornfeck Wolfgang , Paillaud Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the structure of a new high lithium content zincolithosilicate (MZS‐1) obtained after hydrothermal treatment under high pressure from a glass precursor. After synthesis microcrystalline mixture of phases was obtained among which the main phase was unknown. Due to the sub micrometric size of the crystallites its structure was determined from precession‐assisted 3D electron diffraction measured at 100 K and refined using the dynamical theory of diffraction. More accurate lattice parameters are obtained from Rietveld refinement of synchrotron powder data collected at the ambient temperature. The characteristic framework is described at the ambient temperature using an average unit cell a0=8.57999(5) Å, b0=14.12332(8) Å, c0=4.96827(3) Å in the space group Ccc2. The structure of the new zeolitic 10‐membered ring zincosilicate with chemical formula per unit cell (SiO2)2Zn0.408LiO(OH)2(Li,H)2.184 (Z=4) is composed of undulated silicate layers made of fused 6‐membered rings connected via vertices of (Zn,Li)O4 tetrahedra. A weak superstructure doubling the a0 parameter is observed and is explained by a Zn/Li ordering within the (Zn,Li)O4 layers.
Oxidative Addition of α‐Glycosyl Halides to a Platinum(0) Olefin Complex: Stereochemistry of Pt−C Bond Formation
Authors: Annunziata Alfonso , Cucciolito Maria Elena , Esposito Roberto , Traboni Serena , Tuzi Angela , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Ruffo Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe oxidative addition of α‐glucosyl and α‐galactosyl halides to the platinum(0) complex [Pt(2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline)(ethene)] has been investigated. In all cases the main reaction product is the five‐coordinate Pt(II) complex containing in axial position an α‐glycosyl fragment in the unusual 1C4 conformation. In the case of glucose, a minor product could be identified as the β isomer, which retains the typical 4C1 chair. The single crystal structures of two diastereomers are compared. The outcome of the reaction does not depend on the nature of the halide and is only slightly affected by the solvent. The addition mechanism is discussed, also in the light of literature data. Experimental data, along with DFT calculations, point towards a radical chain mechanism.
Redox Instability of Copper(II) Complexes of a Triazine‐Based PNP Pincer
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Gholamhossein , Amirian Ali Mohammad , Görls Helmar , Plass Winfried , Sandleben Aaron , Schäfer Sascha , Klein Axel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe new Cu(I) complex [Cu(PNPNTPh‐Ph)Cl] (1) containing the tridentate PNP pincer ligand N,N′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐2,6‐diamino‐4‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine was obtained from the reaction of [Cu(SMe2)Cl]n with the ligand as ether solvate 1.0.5Et2O. 1 was independently obtained from a reaction mixture containing the ligand and the Cu(II) precursor CuCl2.2H2O in 50 % yield alongside with the Cu(II) coordination polymer [Cu(O2PPh2)2]n (2). From the reaction of Cu(NO3)2 ⋅ 3H2O with PNPNTPh‐Ph in the presence of pyridine the complexes [Cu(O2PPh2)2(Py)2(H2O)] (3), [Cu(O2PPh2)(Py)2(NO3)]2 (4), and [Cu(Py)4(NO3)2].Py (5), were obtained, 2, 3, and 4 contain diphenyl‐phosphinate ligands. The underlying redox reaction of the ligand and Cu(II) yielding the oxidised ligands observed in the by‐products and the Cu(I) product complex was further studied using electrochemistry and UV‐vis spectroelectrochemistry. Attempts to synthesise the Cu(II) complex [Cu(PNPNTPh‐Ph)(NO3)2] (6) in a mechanochemical experiment gave evidence for this unprecedented species from ESI‐MS(+) and EPR spectroscopy but also revealed its very high sensitivity to air and moisture. The catalytic activity of 1 was investigated in the azide‐alkyne cycloaddition yielding various 1‐benzyl‐4‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles. The environmentally benign (“green”) and cheap EtOH/H2O solvent mixture turned out to be very suitable. Melting points, FT‐IR, and NMR spectra of the triazole products were analysed.
Oxidative Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Trifluoromethylation of Fused Imidazo[1,5‐a]‐N‐heteroarenes using Langlois Reagent
Authors: Sandeep Mummadi , Shantharjun Bangarigalla , Pradeep Kumar Geetala , Rajender Reddy Kallu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA simple, mild, and efficient oxidative copper‐catalyzed regioselective trifluoromethylation of imidazo[1,5‐a]‐N‐heteroarenes have been developed using Langlois, (NaSO2CF3) reagent as CF3 source. This method gives biologically relevant trifluoromethylated fused imidazoles in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance. The key features of the reaction are mild conditions, short reaction time, and room temperature reaction.
Metal‐Free Hydrophosphoryloxylation of Ynamides: Rapid Access to Enol Phosphates
Authors: An Dalie , Zhang Weinan , Pan Bin , Zhao Yingying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe herein report a metal‐free hydrophosphoryloxylation of ynamides with phosphoric acids, which provides an expeditious route to access useful enol phosphates. The advantages of this protocol include exclusive selectivity, short reaction time, high efficiency, and broad substrate scope. Additionally, the products can serve as good partners in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling.