bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Insecticide-Treated Nets Access-Use Based On Universal Household and Population Indicators Vis-A-Vis Measures Adapted to Sleeping Spaces in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Yohannes , Sudhakar Morankar , Alemayehu Guda , Abebe Lakew , Birhanu Zewdie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) access-use has been pivotal monitoring indicator for malaria prevention and control, particularly in resource limited settings. Objectives: To compare ITN access-use based on universal household and population indicators and measures adapted to sleeping spaces Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, March, 2019. 762 HHs were sampled for the survey. We used multi-stage followed by simple random sampling. Monitoring and evaluation reference group’s (MERG’s) indicators were used for measuring ITN access-use. MERG’s indicators are each adapted ITN access-use to sleeping spaces. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Differences of estimates of ITN access-use based on the two methods reported as magnitude of over/under estimations, at p-value <0.05. Results: Based on MERG’s approach, the study revealed household (HH) based indicators as such: HH ownership of at least 1 ITN (92.6%), sufficiency of ITN for every two people in HH (50.3%), and saturation of ITN for every 2 people in HHs with any ITN (54.6%). Moreover, population based indicators were: population with ITN access (P3=78.6%), people who slept under ITN previous night (63.0%), people who slept under ITN among who accessed it (73.1%), ITN use-gap (26.9%). Equivalent indicators of HH ownership, sufficiency, saturation, people accessed at where they actually slept, and people slept under ITN among those who accessed where they slept estimated at 71.3%, 49.4%, 69.3%, 66.3%, and 92.1%, respectively. MERG’s approach over-estimated ownership, people’s access, and behavior-failures by 21.3%, 12.3%, 19.0%, respectively. Over-estimation occurred for reasons such as many sleeping spaces lack ITN and > 2 people actually sleep in one space. Conclusions: MERG’s universal indicators over estimated households and populations ITN access-use as a result of absence of measures capturing access-use values at spaces where people actually slept. Consequently, measures adapted to sleeping contexts revealed potential misdistributions practiced when the existing indicators are in use. Insertion of sleeping spaces into existing approach will be worthwhile and needs to be promoted as it improves curiosity in ITN distribution, produces closer estimates and prevents malaria prevention and control programs from overlooking access-use challenges.
Novel risk assessment of Cd in earthworms and leeches based on bioavailability&nbsp;through&nbsp;in vitro&nbsp;digestion/Caco-2 and MDCK cells
Authors: Zuo Tiantian , Luo Fei-ya , He Huai-zhen , Jin Hong-yu , Sun Lei , Xing Shu-xia , Li Bo , Gao Fei , Ma Shuangcheng , He Lang-chong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Little data are available about the extent of bio-accumulation of heavy metals in traditional animal medicines (TAMs). In the present study, the oral bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in earthworms and leeches was investigated through in vitro PBET digestion/Caco2 and MDKC cell models. We are the first to create an innovative assessment strategy which has capacity to offer a more precise evaluation of Cd-associated health risks in TAMs, by combinational usage of bioavailable Cd levels, the duration and frequency of the exposure to TAMs obtained by questionnaire data, as well as safety factor of TAMs. Our data showed that the percentage of bioavailability for Caco-2 cells in earthworms and leeches ranged from 3.29–14.17% and 4.32–12.61%, respectively. The percentage of bioavailability of MDCK cells in earthworms and leeches ranged from 4.83–15.74% and 6.53–15.04%, respectively. After adjusting by the bioavailability of Cd to target hazard quotient (THQ), excitingly, our findings manifested that the health risks induced by the ingestion of earthworms and leeches were acceptable in the clinic. Our novel strategy has capacity to offer a more realistic and accurate assessment of Cd-associated health risks in TAMs. Besides, our key findings suggest that bioavailability characterization cannot be ruled out and health risks should be assessed on the basis of the bioavailable Cd levels rather than total levels.
Anti-human Glioma Cancer Potentials of Neobavaisoflavone as Natural Antioxidant Compound and Its Inhibition Profiles for Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes with Molecular Modeling and Spin Density Distributions Studies
Authors: Chen Mingsheng , Zhao Haikang , Cheng Yingying , Wang Linlin , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: In this study, the anti-human glioma cancer potentials of Neobavaisoflavone as natural antioxidant compound and its inhibition profiles for Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with molecular modeling and spin density distributions studies were investigated. Material and Methods: To investigate the antioxidant properties of Neobavaisoflavone, the DPPH test was performed in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as control. The cell viability of Neobavaisoflavone was low against common human glioma cancer cell lines, i.e. LN-229, U-87, and A-172 cell lines without any cytotoxicity effect on the normal cell line. Results: Neobavaisoflavone inhibited half of the DPPH in the concentration of 125 µg/mL. The best anti-human glioma cancer effects of Neobavaisoflavone against the above cell lines was in the case of LN-229 cell line. Also, important anti-human glioma cancer capacities of Neobavaisoflavone against popular human glioma cancer cell lines are linked in this study. IC50 values Neobavaisoflavone, 63.87 nM for AChE and 112.98 nM for BChE were calculated with % Activity-[Inhibitory] graphs. Values inhibitor dissociation constant of the enzyme, Ki, were found as 2.08±0.31 nM for AChE and 135.03±26.38 nM for BChE.Conclusion: According to the above results, Neobavaisoflavone may be administrated for the therapy of diverse kinds of human glioma cancers in humans. Also, molecular modeling calculations were made to compare the biochemical activities of the neobavaisoflavone molecule against enzymes. In these calculations, the enzymes used are acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. After molecular docking calculations, ADME/T analysis was performed to examine the properties of neobavaisoflavone molecule to be used as a drug in the future. Then, various parameters for the anti-oxidant activity of the neobavaisoflavone molecule were calculated.
Electronic structure and magnetization of Zn1-xCoxO ternary alloys with zinc-blende, rocksalt and wurtzite phases
Authors: Souleh K. , Smain T. , Lidjici H. , Lagoun B. , Boucenna M. , Bouarissa Nadir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
First-principles all electrons density-functional calculations for the band structure and magnetization of Zn1 − xCoxO ternary magnetic alloys, in three phases namely zinc-blende, rocksalt and wurtzite have been reported. The computations are spin-polarized. An inspection of our electronic properties showed that the alloy system of interest exhibits a semiconducting character where the nature of the gap depends on the considered phase. An analysis of electronic charge density suggests that the bonding has a partially covalent character for ZnO which becomes weaker as far as the Co concentration increases. CoO is found to reach a total magnetization of 3 µB per cell for zinc-blende and rocksalt phases and 6 µB per cell for wurtzite phase.
Nomogram predicts the overall survival of patients with Glioma
Authors: Xu Junming , Li Honglin , Zou Yuanyuan , Yu Chunjiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim Our study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the cancer-specific surviva (CSS) of patients with Glioma. Patients and methods Patients diagnosed with glioma between 2004 and 2016 were collected from the SEER database. On the basis of the logistic regression model, the nomogram was established, the C-index was used to evaluate the accuracy of the nomogram, and the Decision Curve Analysis was used to evaluate the clinical use of the nomogram. Results 2626 eligible patients were randomly divided into training group (n=1864) and verification group (n=762). Nomogram had better discrimination ability, the C index of the training cohort was 0.74, and the C index of the verification cohort was 0.736. This new predictive model has shown better discriminative ability and greater benefits in both training and validation cohorts to predict CSS in patients with Glioma.Conclusion A nomogram was constructed to predict the CSS of Glioma patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. The verification showed that the nomogram had better discrimination and calibration ability, indicating that the nomogram can be used to predict the CSS of Glioma patients and guide the treatment of Glioma patients.
MitoQ Inhibits Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated Mitophagy
Authors: Dou Shi-Ying , Zhang Jiu-Na , Xie Xiao-Li , Liu Ting , Hu Jun-Li , Jiang Xiao-Yu , Wang Miao-Miao , Jiang Hui-Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mitophagy plays an important role in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that reduces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its relationship with mitophagy remains unclear. This study evaluated mitophagy during HSC activation and the effects of MitoQ on mitophagy in cell culture and in an animal model of the activation of HSCs. We found that MitoQ reduced the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis. While activation of primary HSCs or LX-2 cells was associated with reduced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, MitoQ reduced intracellular ROS levels, enhanced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, and inhibited the activation of HSCs. After knocking down the key mitophagy-related protein, PINK1, in LX-2 cells to block mitophagy, MitoQ intervention failed to inhibit HSC activation. Our results showed that MitoQ inhibited the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Colony formation in three species of the family Scenedesmaceae (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Scenedesmus acutus, Tetradesmus dimorphus) exposed to sodium dodecyl sulfate and its interference with grazing of Daphnia galeata
Authors: Oda Yusuke , Sakamoto Masaki , Miyabara Yuichi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
By mimicking the info-chemicals emitted by grazers, the common anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can induce colony formation in the green algal genus Scenedesmus at environmentally relevant concentrations. The morphogenetic effects can hinder the feeding efficiency of grazers, reducing energy flow along the pelagic food chain from Scenedesmus to consumers. Despite this potential ecological risk, few studies exist on whether the SDS-triggered induction of colonies is common in other species of the family Scenedesmaceae. Here, we investigated the effects of SDS on the growth and morphology of three species of Scenedesmaceae (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Scenedesmus acutus, and Tetradesmus dimorphus) and on the clearance rates of Daphnia galeata grazing on the SDS-induced colonies. SDS triggered colony formation in all algal species at concentrations nonlethal to them; however, the induction levels of colony formation were generally lower than for those in the Daphnia culture medium. We also found that the SDS-induced colonial algae reduced D. galeata clearance rates. Our results highlight the potential effect of SDS on the Daphnia–Scenedesmaceae system by evoking the morphological response of Scenedesmaceae at concentrations below those that exert toxicity. Such disruptive effects of pollutants on predator–prey interactions should be considered within the framework of ecological risk assessments.
Single-site Laparoscopic High Ligation of the Extraperitoneal Hernia Sac with an Epidural Needle for Incarcerated Ovarian Hernia in Infants
Authors: Wang Yunjin , Chen Liu , Zhang Qiliang , Zhang Jianqin , Cui Xu , Zhou Chaoming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-site laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation with an epidural needle for incarcerated ovarian hernia in infants and young children.Methods: The clinical data of 38 infants with incarcerated ovarian hernia who underwent single-site laparoscopic extradural needle extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analysed.Results: All procedures were successfully performed in laparoscopy with no need for conversions to open surgery. All patients were discharged 1-2 days after the operation. During hospitalization and follow-up, there were no complications, such as intestinal or bladder injury, abdominal wall vascular injury, ovarian atrophy, hernia recurrence and contralateral indirect hernia. However, three patients had complications, including two cases of poor healing of the umbilical incision and one case of suture granuloma. Conclusions: Single-site laparoscopic high ligation of the extraperitoneal hernia sac with an epidural needle is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of incarcerated ovarian hernia in infants and young children. It has the advantages of minimal trauma, no scarring and good cosmetic effects.
Diversity Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Community in Two Citrus Cultivars With Different Resistance to Citrus Canker
Authors: Liu Bing , Lai Jiahao , Wu Simeng , Jiang Junxi , Kuang Weigang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The selective infection of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri to citrus cultivars is universally known, but it is not clarified whether there is a relationship between endophytic bacteria and the resistance of host variety to canker disease. In order to explore the relationship, Satsuma mandarin and Newhall navel orange were collected respectively as samples of resistant or susceptible cultivars to citrus canker disease, and endophytic bacterial community of two citrus cultivars were analyzed by using a next-generation, Illumina-based sequencing approach. Simultaneously, the seasonal dynamics of endophytic bacterial community and dominant genera were analyzed. The results showed that there were four dominant groups including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in all samples at phylum level. Endophytic bacteria were the most abundant in spring samples, then in summer and autumn samples. There were some differences between endophytic bacterial community of resistant citrus and that of susceptible citrus to canker disease, and the endophytic bacteria of Satsuma mandarin are more abundant than that of Newhall navel orange. According to the analysis of dominant bacteria in two citrus cultivars, it was found that some endophytic bacteria with antagonistic characteristics existed universally in all samples, although the dominant bacteria in different seasonal sample were different. However, in Newhall navel orange of susceptible citrus to canker disease, there were not only some bacteria against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, but also some cooperative bacteria of canker occurrence like Stenotrophomonas.
Predictive Value of Lymphocyte Percentage and CRP Level for Early Detection of Deep Surgical Site Infection Following Posterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Dang Shajie , Duan Dapeng , Gong Liqun , Wei Ling , Wang Jue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the predictive value of laboratory predictors, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, and WBC differential count, for the early diagnosis of deep surgical site infection (SSI) after posterior lumbar spinal surgery. We also sought to determine the diagnostic thresholds for these markers.Methods: A total of 243 patients participated in the study: 11 patients who developed deep SSI after lumbar spinal surgery (SSI group) and 232 non-SSI patients as controls (non-SSI group). White blood cell (WBC) count, WBC differential count, CRP level, and ESR were determined 1 day before surgery and on postoperative day (POD) 1, POD3, and POD7. The diagnostic thresholds for these markers were determined with the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results: CRP, ESR, and WBC were significantly higher in the SSI group than in the non-SSI group on POD3 and POD7 ( P < 0.05). The lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower in the SSI group, compared with the non-SSI group, on POD3 ( P < 0.05). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that lymphocyte percentage < 11.5% on POD3 (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 75.4%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.919), and C-reactive protein level > 26 mg/L on POD7 (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 87.7%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.954) were significant laboratory predictors for the early detection of SSI.Conclusion: Lymphocyte percentage < 11.5% on POD3 and CRP levels > 26.5 mg/L on POD7 are reliable predictors for SSI after posterior lumbar spinal surgery.
Epidemiology of Gout and Hyperuricemia in New Caledonia
Authors: Bardin Thomas , Magnat Elodie , Clerson Pierre , Richette Pascal , Rouchon Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives. New Caledonia is a Pacific island of 270,000 inhabitants with mixed ethnicities, including Melanesians (39.1%), Polynesians (10.2%) and people from European ancestry (27.2%). This study aimed at determining the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the general population and the various ethnicities of New Caledonia.Methods. A 3-degree random sample of the population aged 18 to 60 years was adjusted according to the 2014 New Caledonia census. Face-to-face planned interviews and physical measurements were performed by trained nurses. All consenting participants underwent capillary measurement of creatinine; all consenting men and only women older than 40 years underwent point-of-care uricemia testing . Gout was defined by a validated algorithm. Two definitions of hyperuricemia were used: capillary level equivalent to plasma uric acid level > 360 µmol/l (6 mg/dl) and > 420 µmol/l (7 mg/dl) and/or urate-lowering drug treatment for both thresholds.Results. We included 1.144 participants (adjusted mean age 37.7±12.0 years; adjusted sex ratio 50.4% men). The adjusted prevalence of gout was 3.3% (95% confidence interval 2.2–4.9). Prevalence was 6.7% (2.5–16.8), 4.1% (1.8–8.9), and 2.6% (1.4–4.7) for Polynesians, Europeans and Melanesians, respectively, and 1.9% (0.5–6.6) for other ethnicities. Prevalence of hyperuricemia, determined in 658 participants, was 67.0% (61.9–71.6) and 37.0% (32.3–42.0) for the 360- and 420-µmol/l thresholds, respectively, and was significantly greater for Polynesians and Melanesians than Europeans for both thresholds.Conclusions. The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia was high, including in patients of European descent.
Integrated Navigation on Vehicle Based on Low Cost MEMS SINS/GNSS using LS-SVM
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhao Hui , Su Zhong , Qiao Likang , Dong Yiping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The high-precision initial alignment time for the MEMS SINS/GNSS combination system is too long, and it is difficult to ensure the flexible navigation of existing low-cost vehicles. A LS-SVM-assisted fast alignment method is proposed, which uses MEMS gyroscopes, accelerometers and dual-antenna satellite receivers to achieve fast alignment under MEMS SINS/GNSS. Based on the analysis of traditional coordinates and strapdown inertial navigation, the dynamic error model is given. The self-aligned frame of LS-SVM is proposed. At the same time, the EKF filter for training is designed and the motion characteristics of the car body are selected. The state equations and observations, using the EKF to train the LS-SVM model, ultimately achieve fast alignment. Finally, the proposed method is simulated and tested. The final attitude alignment accuracy is better than 0.2° and the alignment time is 10s. Compared with the EKF alignment method under the traditional direct transfer alignment, the alignment accuracy and the alignment time are significantly improved, which can meet the requirements of low-cost vehicle flexibility.
SLCO and SLC22 Solute Carriers: Establishing Differential Expression Patterns in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tumour Samples
Authors: Sutherland Rachel , Meeson Annette , Lowes Simon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The uptake of nutrients essential for cell growth and survival is facilitated by solute carrier (SLC) transporters. The SLCO and SLC22 subfamilies mediate the uptake of substrates relevant to breast cancer (BC), including steroid hormones and anticancer drugs, and accumulating evidence suggests that altered expression of these transporters may affect BC pathogenesis by influencing cell proliferation and anticancer drug resistance. Methods: The differential expression of 11 SLCO and 14 SLC22 transporters was investigated using semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 BC cell lines and in human BC tissue samples. Results: 8 SLCO and 10 SLC22 transporters were expressed in at least one cell line. Of these SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, SLCO3A1, SLC22A1, SLC22A3, SLC22A4 and SLC22A16 showed higher expression in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cells. Conversely, SLCO2A1, SLCO4A1, SLCO4C1, SLCO5A1, SLC22A5 showed higher expression in MCF-7 than MDA-MB-231 cells. In four human breast cancer samples, there was variable expression of the 25 SLC transporters, however, 11 SLCO and 9 SLC22 transporters were detected in at least one sample. Conclusion: BC cells express a variety of SLCs capable of transporting a range of steroid hormones and clinically relevant anticancer drugs, which could implicate them in BC pathogenesis and anti-cancer drug resistance.
In Situ Compatibilization of Isotactic Polypropylene and High-Density Polyethylene by a Melt Cobranching Reaction
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Le , Li Xiaolong , Luo Zhu , Li Jianjun , Xia Xiaosong , Linghu Changkai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Incompatible polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are difficult to separate in mixed recycling streams such as waste plastic packaging, which makes these polyolefin mixtures unsuitable for high-quality products. In this work, based on the free radical branching reaction, a co-branching reaction of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends was carried out in the presence of the peroxide, free radical regulator and multifunctional acrylate monomer, and a star-like long-chain branching (LCB) copolymer was acquired. The effect of in situ compatibilization on the structure and mechanical properties of iPP/HDPE was investigated, and the compatibilization mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the mechanical properties of the modified blends were largely improved, and efficient in-situ compatibilization of iPP and HDPE could be taken place in a wide process window. Moreover, the size of the dispersed phase in the modified blend was clearly decreased, and the interfacial thickness increased. Compared with the pure iPP/HDPE blend, the initial crystallization temperature of iPP in the modified iPP/HDPE blend was increased, and long branched chains of the LCB copolymer were physically entangled with the chemical identical homopolymers or even participate in the crystallization of iPP and HDPE. Thanks to the in situ compatibilization strategy, the compatibility of iPP/HDPE was significantly improved.