bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrustable professional activities framework for assessment in predoctoral dental education, developed using a modified Delphi process
Authors: Ramaswamy Vidya , Fitzgerald Mark , Danciu Theodora , Nalliah Romesh , de Peralta Tracy , Munz Stephanie M. , Murdoch‐Kinch Carol Anne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThe purpose of this study was to define and develop a set of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for dental education using a modified Delphi consensus approach. EPAs define the core tasks that a graduating dentist needs to perform independently in practice. The EPA framework facilitates assessment of competencies as they manifest in the tasks and independence needed to be ready for practice.MethodsFeedback was obtained from participants about a list of EPAs, with modifications made after each of the 3 rounds, using a modified Delphi approach. Phase 1 included attendees at the ADEA Fall 2017 meeting (n = 35) who participated in an EPA workshop primarily composed of academic deans. The Phase 2 “reactor panel” consisted of 10 dental schools’ academic deans and other individuals with expertise and interest in dental curriculum and assessment (n = 31). Phase 3 participants were attendees at the ADEA CCI 2019 meeting (n = 91) who also participated in a 2‐day EPA workshop.ResultsIn phase 1, overall ratings for acceptability of the EPAs were satisfactory. In phase 2, the next iteration of EPAs was judged as satisfactory for inclusion in curriculum, match well with clinical practice and clarity. In phase 3, the EPAs were judged as satisfactory for being an “entrustable, essential, and important task of the profession.” Qualitative feedback suggested wording, measurability, and specific focus of EPA statements is important.ConclusionsA preliminary set of EPAs was designed for predoctoral dental education through a systematic, careful consensus building approach involving a diverse set of participants.
The impact of foreign aid on economic development: A systematic literature review and content analysis of the top 50 most influential papers
Authors: Asatullaeva Ziyoda , Aghdam Reza Fathollah Zadeh , Ahmad Nisar , Tashpulatova Laylo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of foreign aid in stimulating economic development is a topic of intense debate in the scientific community and among policy analysts. Numerous empirical studies are devoted to investigating the impact of foreign aid on the economic growth/development of recipient countries. This study reviews the literature relevant to this debate using the bibliometric data of scholarly papers in the Scopus database. Our intention is to identify the trends of publications, their geographical distribution and the most influential journals, authors and articles in this field of research.
Liquid crystal display defects in multiple backgrounds with visual real‐time detection
Authors: Cui Yu , Wang Sen , Wu Haibo , Xiong Binzhou , Pan Yunlong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere are kinds of defects that may appear in the process of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) manufacturing, which cannot be effectively detected, owing to the uneven illumination, low contrast, and miscellaneous patterns of defects. To improve the efficiency of defect detection and ensure the quality of LCD, three visual real‐time detection methods are adopted for detecting six different defects in multiple backgrounds, where image preprocessing methods are used to highlight the defects and facilitate the segmentation and detection. Specifically, the interclass variance (OTSU) method is used to segment and mark Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Mura and scratch defects in six kinds of solid color backgrounds; the method and the connectivity‐4 judgment criteria are adopted to label edge defects in grid display background; the gray mean and standard deviation of the segmented subregions are calculated to recognize the color gradation defect in the 32‐level gradation display background. Experimental results show that LCD Mura defects and scratches can be segmented more completely by the proposed method compared with the benchmark methods, and the edge defects can be identified accurately by the OTSU‐based method and particle‐based morphological processing with grids as the detection background, and the color gradation can also be recognized with the 32‐level gray gradation as the background.
Effects of Cu on the corrosion behavior and microstructure of Mg–Zn–Ca bulk metallic glass
Authors: Xu Saifei , Hu Yong , Yang Wen , Liu Baosheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor the purpose of developing biodegradable magnesium alloys with suitable properties for biomedical applications, Mg–Zn–Ca–Cu metallic glasses were prepared by copper mold injection methods. In the present work, the effect of Cu doping on mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and glass‐forming ability of Mg66Zn30Ca4 alloy was studied. The experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of Cu decreases the corrosion resistance of alloys, but increases the microhardness and degradation rate slightly. However, the addition of a trace amount of Cu can make the samples have antibacterial properties. Therefore, Mg–Zn–Ca–Cu has great advantages in clinical implantation and is the potential implant material.
Privacy concerns in e‐commerce: A multilevel meta‐analysis
Authors: Maseeh Haroon Iqbal , Jebarajakirthy Charles , Pentecost Robin , Arli Denni , Weaven Scott , Ashaduzzaman Md. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhilst the rapid advancement of technology in the 21st century has facilitated the online collection, storage, retrieval, manipulation, and transmission of individuals' personal information, it has also led to a concomitant rise in privacy concerns amongst e‐commerce users. Although privacy concerns have received considerable attention in the e‐commerce literature, to date, empirical research has tended to report somewhat erratic and inconsistent findings in the context of consumer privacy. Accordingly, the relationships between the antecedents, privacy concerns, and the outcome variables in e‐commerce contexts remains unclear. To remedy such deficiencies in the literature, this study adopts the meta‐analytic approach to gather and make sense of the inconsistent and mixed empirical findings reported in the literature. The findings show that risk perceptions trigger privacy concerns while benefit perceptions, familiarity, reputation, privacy policy, and trust mitigate privacy concerns which in turn affect customer attitude and usage of e‐commerce platforms. To investigate the possible reasons for inconsistent findings, we performed a moderation analysis which suggests that methodological moderators, that is, type of article, research methods, and sample type; and contextual moderators, i.e. country where the study was carried out, and gender dominance in a sample set, can cause inconsistencies in the findings. Theoretically, this meta‐analysis contributes to the Antecedents; Privacy Concerns; Outcome variables (APCO) Model, and the literature on consumer privacy in the context of e‐commerce. Practically, the findings provide guidelines to e‐commerce businesses to effectively address customers' privacy concerns.
Advances in Injectable and Self‐healing Polysaccharide Hydrogel Based on the Schiff Base Reaction
Authors: Mo Chunxiang , Xiang Li , Chen Yuping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInjectable hydrogel possesses great application potential in disease treatment and tissue engineering, but damage to gel often occurs due to the squeezing pressure from injection devices and the mechanical forces from limb movement, and leads to the rapid degradation of gel matrix and the leakage of the load material. The self‐healing injectable hydrogels can overcome these drawbacks via automatically repairing gel structural defects and restoring gel function. The polysaccharide hydrogels constructed through the Schiff base reaction own advantages including simple fabrication, injectability, and self‐healing under physiological conditions, and therefore have drawn extensive attention and investigation recently. In this short review, the preparation and self‐healing properties of the polysaccharide hydrogels that is established on the Schiff base reaction are focused on and their biological applications in drug delivery and cell therapy are discussed.
The impact of L‐citrulline supplementation on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and some inflammatory factors in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Azizi Samaneh , Mahdavi Reza , Mobasseri Majid , Aliasgharzadeh Soghra , Abbaszadeh Fatemeh , Ebrahimi‐Mameghani Mehrangiz 
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the impact of L‐citrulline on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and inflammatory factors in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In total, 54 participants with T2D were assigned to L‐citrulline (3 g/day L‐citrulline) or placebo groups and tested for 8 weeks. Serum levels of insulin, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and L‐citrulline were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention. Totally, 45 patients were enrolled in the research. L‐citrulline supplementation decreased serum levels of insulin (p = .025), glucose (p = .032), HbA1c (p = .001), HOMA‐IR (p = .037), TNF‐α (p = .036), and hs‐CRP (p = .027) significantly. At the end of the study, despite the significant decrease in serum levels of triglyceride (p = .027) and the increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p < .001) in the L‐citrulline group, no significant differences were found for these parameters between the groups. Moreover, no significant inter‐ and intra‐group changes were observed for dietary intakes, anthropometric indices, total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p > .05). In conclusion, L‐citrulline supplementation might improve glucose homeostasis, some lipid factors and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese patients with T2D.
TD‐DFT absorption spectrum of Azure A in aqueous solution: Vibronic transitions and electronic properties
Authors: Kostjukova Lyudmila O. , Leontieva Svetlana V. , Kostjukov Victor V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe vibronic absorption spectrum of Azure A cation (AA+) in an aqueous solution was calculated using the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). The calculations were performed using all hybrid functionals supported by Gaussian16 software, 6‐31++G(d,p) basis set and polarizable continuum model with external integration formalism (IEFPCM) and solvation model based on solute electron density (SMD) solvent models. The IEFPCM gave significantly underestimated values of λmax in comparison with the experiment, what is a manifestation of the well‐known TD‐DFT “cyanine failure.” However, the SMD made it possible to obtain good agreement between the calculation results and experimental data. The best fit was achieved using the X3LYP functional. The dipole moments and atomic charges of the ground and excited states of the AA+ molecule were calculated. Photoexcitation leads to an increase in the dipole moment of the dye molecule. An insignificant photoinduced electron transfer was found in the central ring of the chromophore of the dye molecule.
The Trouble With Binaries: A Perspective on the Science of Reading
Authors: Yaden David B. , Reinking David , Smagorinsky Peter 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, we critique the science of reading when it is positioned within the reading wars as settling disagreements about reading and how it should be taught. We frame our argument in terms of troublesome binaries, specifically between nature and nurture. We interpret that binary in relation to Overton’s distinction between split and relational metatheories, with the latter suggesting a more integrative view of nature and nurture. Focusing on the nature side of the binary, which predominates when the science of reading is promoted in the reading wars, we argue that its singular focus limits the range of scientific inquiry, interpretation, and application to practice. Specifically, we address limitations of the science of reading as characterized by a narrow theoretical lens, an abstracted empiricism, and uncritical inductive generalizations derived from brain‐imaging and eye movement data sources. Finally, we call for a relational metatheoretical stance and offer emulative examples of that stance in the field.
The impact of stress and coping strategies on life satisfaction in a national sample of adolescents: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Milas Goran , Martinović Klarić Irena , Malnar Ana , Saftić Vanja , Šupe‐Domić Daniela , Slavich George M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough stress strongly predicts life satisfaction, the psychosocial mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. To investigate the possible mediating role of coping, we conducted a cross‐sectional study that assessed youths' life stress levels, propensity to engage in three different coping styles (i.e., active coping, internal coping, & withdrawal), ​and life satisfaction in a probabilistic, two‐stage stratified cluster sample of 1830 high school seniors (986 females; age range: 17–22 years old) from 26 schools in or around the four largest cities in Croatia. We used correlational analyses and structural equation modelling to test the hypothesis that coping mediates the relation between stress and life satisfaction. The tested model was marginally acceptable: χ2 = 1613.85, df = 177, p < 0.001, goodness‐of‐fit‐index = 0.92, Comparative Fit Index = 0.91, Tucker‐Lewis Index = 0.89, root mean square error of approximation = 0.067 (90% CI = 0.064 to 0.070), standardized root mean squared residual = 0.056. As hypothesized, stress was related to life satisfaction directly (βc’ = −0.22, p < 0.01) but also indirectly (βab = −0.05, p < 0.01) by affecting youths' likelihood of engaging in withdrawal behaviours, such as avoiding problems, distracting, or using anger, alcohol, or drugs. The proportion of the total effect mediated by withdrawal was 19.4%. In contrast, neither active nor internal coping were significant mediators. Based on these results, we conclude that preventive and educational programs for enhancing youth mental health may benefit from reducing adolescents' stress levels and stress‐related withdrawal behaviour, and by encouraging youth to use active coping strategies instead.
Making the Move Online: Interactive Read‐Alouds for the Virtual Classroom
Authors: Stoetzel Lindsay , Shedrow Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInteractive read‐alouds are a mainstay in traditional literacy classrooms because they support wide‐ranging goals in reading development. As educators make the transition to virtual classrooms, it is paramount that core practices, such as the interactive read‐aloud, are intentionally adapted to ensure that their purpose remains central to their use. Although the production of digital read‐alouds has flourished during the recent pandemic, many of these videos lack key components necessary to foster meaningful literacy growth. Educators need to be aware of the affordances and limitations offered by digital read‐alouds to analyze and create materials for classroom use. In this article, we offer resources to guide intentional planning to ensure that digital read‐aloud experiences go beyond passive student consumption. In addition, specific recommendations illustrate how digital read‐alouds can be positioned within synchronous and asynchronous classroom activities to preserve and amplify the sociocultural element that can be more challenging to maintain within virtual environments.
Sinkhole Hazard Caused by Inactive Mining Shafts as Illustrated by a Selected Example
Authors: Strzałkowski Piotr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLoss of stability of shafts liquidated in the past is a frequent cause of sinkhole creation on the surface. This manuscript presents such a case study. The sinkhole was created shortly after intense rainfall, so it can be assumed that displacement of the rock material in the shaft took place, i.e. the phenomenon of suffusion. One of the research aims was to confirm the assumption about the displacement of rock material filling the shaft on the basis of selected methods of sinking forecasting. Ex post forecast sinkhole creation was conducted using two methods (Bell and finite element method). It was assumed that the material filling the shaft lowered itself to a height determined on the basis of the sinkhole and shaft dimensions. Both methods gave the same results, consistent with the literature . The manuscript also presents a short overview of technologies used for decommissioning shafts and assesses their effectiveness in terms of preventing sinkhole creation. These methods have been used since the nineteenth century until present times. Considering the suffusion phenomenon, the paper proposes a way to drain rainwater from the shaft area, which was another purpose of the work. The necessity to find and verify the ways to secure decommissioned shafts from water is indicated as an important future direction of research.
Ensemble-Based Electrical Resistivity Tomography with Data and Model Space Compression
Authors: Aleardi Mattia , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Hojat Azadeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInversion of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data is an ill-posed problem that is usually solved through deterministic gradient-based methods. These methods guarantee a fast convergence but hinder accurate assessments of model uncertainties. On the contrary, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms can be employed for accurate uncertainty appraisals, but they remain a formidable computational task due to the many forward model evaluations needed to converge. We present an alternative approach to ERT that not only provides a best-fitting resistivity model but also gives an estimate of the uncertainties affecting the inverse solution. More specifically, the implemented method aims to provide multiple realizations of the resistivity values in the subsurface by iteratively updating an initial ensemble of models based on the difference between the predicted and measured apparent resistivity pseudosections. The initial ensemble is generated using a geostatistical method under the assumption of log-Gaussian distributed resistivity values and a Gaussian variogram model. A finite-element code constitutes the forward operator that maps the resistivity values onto the associated apparent resistivity pseudosection. The optimization procedure is driven by the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation, an iterative ensemble-based algorithm that performs a Bayesian updating step at each iteration. The main advantages of the proposed approach are that it can be applied to nonlinear inverse problems, while also providing an ensemble of models from which the uncertainty on the recovered solution can be inferred. The ill-conditioning of the inversion procedure is decreased through a discrete cosine transform reparameterization of both data and model spaces. The implemented method is first validated on synthetic data and then applied to field data. We also compare the proposed method with a deterministic least-square inversion, and with an MCMC algorithm. We show that the ensemble-based inversion estimates resistivity models and associated uncertainties comparable to those yielded by a much more computationally intensive MCMC sampling.
Rechtsmedizinische Begutachtung von Knochenfunden am Gießener Institut für Rechtsmedizin
Authors: Ohlwärther T. E. N. , Holz F. , Heidorn F. , Verhoff M. A. , Birngruber C. G. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Funde von Knochen(fragmenten) können von Interesse für Strafverfolgungs- oder Denkmalbehörden sein. Die forensisch-osteologische Begutachtung kann zur Einordnung der Bedeutung des Fundes beitragen. Ziel der Studie war, durch eine Auswertung von am Institut für Rechtsmedizin Gießen begutachteten Knochenfunden einen Überblick über Umstände und Art der Funde sowie Umfang und Ergebnisse der Begutachtungen zu erhalten.

Material und Methoden
Für den Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2019 wurden im Institut archivierte osteologische Gutachten analysiert und Daten zu Fundort, -umständen, Humanspezifität, postmortalem Intervall, Spuren von Gewalteinwirkungen und die Ergebnisse weiterführender Untersuchungen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Von 172 begutachteten Knochenfunden wurden 40 % in Wald- und Wiesengebieten aufgefunden. In 58 % enthielten die Funde menschliche Knochen, davon wurde in 32 % eine forensisch relevante Liegezeit nicht ausgeschlossen. Zeichen perimortaler Gewalteinwirkung fanden sich in 6 % menschlicher Knochenfunde. Ergänzende DNA-Untersuchungen wurden in 20 % aller Funde durchgeführt; davon verlief in 62 % die Typisierung humaner STR erfolgreich, und in 41 % gelang die Zuordnung zu einem antemortalen Profil. Bei den zur Begutachtung übersandten nichtmenschlichen Knochen handelte es sich am häufigsten um Knochen von Hirsch bzw. Reh (32 %), Schwein (29 %) und Rind (14 %).

Diskussion
Die Begutachtung von Knochenfunden soll Behörden ermöglichen, die (straf-)rechtliche Relevanz eines Fundes einzuordnen. Die makroskopische Untersuchung ist dafür von großer Bedeutung. Für die Identifizierung menschlicher Knochen besitzen DNA-Vergleichsuntersuchungen einen großen Stellenwert. Sie waren für 81 % der erfolgreichen Identifizierungen der Fälle mit menschlichen Knochen verantwortlich.
Gaplessness of Landau Hamiltonians on Hyperbolic Half-planes via Coarse Geometry
Authors: Ludewig Matthias , Thiang Guo Chuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe use coarse index methods to prove that the Landau Hamiltonian on the hyperbolic half-plane, and even on much more general imperfect half-spaces, has no spectral gaps. Thus the edge states of hyperbolic quantum Hall Hamiltonians completely fill up the gaps between Landau levels, just like those of the Euclidean counterparts.
Effective training of convolutional neural networks for age estimation based on knowledge distillation
Authors: Greco Antonio , Saggese Alessia , Vento Mario , Vigilante Vincenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAge estimation from face images can be profitably employed in several applications, ranging from digital signage to social robotics, from business intelligence to access control. Only in recent years, the advent of deep learning allowed for the design of extremely accurate methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that achieve a remarkable performance in various face analysis tasks. However, these networks are not always applicable in real scenarios, due to both time and resource constraints that the most accurate approaches often do not meet. Moreover, in case of age estimation, there is the lack of a large and reliably annotated dataset for training deep neural networks. Within this context, we propose in this paper an effective training procedure of CNNs for age estimation based on knowledge distillation, able to allow smaller and simpler “student” models to be trained to match the predictions of a larger “teacher” model. We experimentally show that such student models are able to almost reach the performance of the teacher, obtaining high accuracy over the LFW+, LAP 2016 and Adience datasets, but being up to 15 times faster. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the student models in the presence of image corruptions, and we demonstrate that some of them are even more resilient to these corruptions than the teacher model.