bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(U‐Th)/He and 4He/3He Thermochronology of Secondary Oxides in Faults and Fractures: A Regional Perspective From Southeastern Arizona
Authors: Scoggin Shane H. , Reiners Peter W. , Shuster David L. , Davis George H. , Ward Lauren A. , Worthington James R. , Nickerson Phillip A. , Evenson Nathan S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFe‐ and Mn‐oxides are common secondary minerals in faults, fractures, and veins and potentially record information about the timing of fluid movement through their host rocks. These phases are difficult to date by most radioisotopic techniques, but relatively high concentrations of U and Th make the (U‐Th)/He system a promising approach. We present new petrographic, geochronologic and thermochronologic analyses of secondary oxides and associated minerals from fault zones and fractures in southeastern Arizona. We use these phases in attempt to constrain the timing of fluid flow and their relationship to magmatic, tectonic, or other regional processes. In the shallowly exhumed Galiuro Mountains, Fe‐oxide (U‐Th)/He dates correspond to host‐rock crystallization and magmatic intrusions from ca. 1.6 to 1.1 Ga. Step‐heating 4He/3He experiments and polydomain diffusion modeling of 3He release spectra on these samples are consistent with a crystallite size control on He diffusivity, and little fractional loss of radiogenic He since formation in coarse‐grained hematite, but large losses from fine‐grained Mn‐oxide. In contrast to Proterozoic dates, Fe‐ and Mn‐oxides from the Catalina‐Rincon and Pinaleño metamorphic core complexes are exclusively Cenozoic, with dates clustering at ca. 24, 15, and 9 Ma, which represent distinct cooling or fluid‐flow episodes during punctuated periods of normal faulting. Finally, a subset of Fe‐oxides yield dates of ca. 5 Ma to 6 ka and display either pseudomorphic cubic forms consistent with oxidative retrogression of original pyrite or magnetite, or fine‐grained botryoidal morphologies that we interpret to represent approximate ages of recrystallization or pseudomorphic replacement at shallow depths.
A multi-point heart rate monitoring using a soft wearable system based on fiber optic technology
Authors: Lo Presti Daniela , Santucci Francesca , Massaroni Carlo , Formica Domenico , Setola Roberto , Schena Emiliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarly diagnosis can be crucial to limit both the mortality and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases. Recent developments have focused on the continuous monitoring of cardiac activity for a prompt diagnosis. Nowadays, wearable devices are gaining broad interest for a continuous monitoring of the heart rate (HR). One of the most promising methods to estimate HR is the seismocardiography (SCG) which allows to record the thoracic vibrations with high non-invasiveness in out-of-laboratory settings. Despite significant progress on SCG, the current state-of-the-art lacks both information on standardized sensor positioning and optimization of wearables design. Here, we introduce a soft wearable system (SWS), whose novel design, based on a soft polymer matrix embedding an array of fiber Bragg gratings, provides a good adhesion to the body and enables the simultaneous recording of SCG signals from multiple measuring sites. The feasibility assessment on healthy volunteers revealed that the SWS is a suitable wearable solution for HR monitoring and its performance in HR estimation is strongly influenced by sensor positioning and improved by a multi-sensor configuration. These promising characteristics open the possibility of using the SWS in monitoring patients with cardiac pathologies in clinical (e.g., during cardiac magnetic resonance procedures) and everyday life settings.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of animal farm owners/workers on antibiotic use and resistance in Amhara region, north western Ethiopia
Authors: Geta Kindu , Kibret Mulugeta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInappropriate use of antibiotics in animal and human plays a role in the emergence and spread of bacteria resistant to antibiotics which threatens human health significantly. Although extensive use of these antibiotics could contribute to the development of drug resistance, information on the knowledge, attitude and practice of antimicrobial resistance and use among animal farm owners/workers in north western Ethiopia is rare. The objective of the present study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of animal farm owner/workers towards antibiotic resistance and use in Amhara regional state north western Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted in selected cities of Amhara regional state from January to February, 2020. Data was collected from 91 participants using structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSSS version 23. The results showed that 96.7% of respondents gave antibiotics to treat their livestock from different sources. Most of the respondents bought their antibiotics from private pharmacies without prescription and the most frequently mentioned antibiotics used to treat animal diseases was tetracycline (76.9%), followed by ampicillin (72.5%). Although, 90.1% of the animal farm owners heard about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance from different sources, they did not know the factors contributing to the transmission of resistant bacteria to humans and the impact of antibiotic resistance on human and animals’ health. Using the mean score 4.44 ± 0.15 as the cut-off, half of the animal farm owners/workers had good knowledge about antimicrobial resistance and use. 52.5% of animal farm owners/workers had positive attitudes towards wise antibiotic use and resistance with a mean score of 28.4 ± 0.5. However, 52.75% participants had poor practice with the mean score of practice 4.95 ± 0.17. Better knowledge, positive attitudes and better practices on antibiotic use and resistance were associated with farm owners/workers who engaged in higher education. Although poor awareness on antimicrobial resistance was perceived by 76.9% of respondents as very important factors that contribute to increasing antibiotic resistance, increasing the use of complementary treatments was perceived by the majority of respondents as very important strategies that contribute to reduce antibiotic use and resistance. The current study disclosed that there is low level of awareness among animal farm owners about the correct use of antibiotics and resistance. It is necessary to raise awareness, develop and implement interventions to reduce antimicrobial use and antibiotic resistance in the study area.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling behind neural invasion linked with lymphatic and vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Nagase Hayato , Yoshizawa Tadashi , Morohashi Satoko , Fujita Hiroaki , Kanda Taishu , Tatara Yota , Saruwatari Junji , Kijima Hiroshi , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerineural invasion (PNI) is a typical poor prognostic factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The mechanisms linking PNI to poor prognosis remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify what changes occurred alongside PNI in PDAC. A 128-patient cohort undergoing surgery for early-stage PDAC was evaluated. Subdivided into two groups, according to pathological state, a pancreatic nerve invasion (ne) score of less than three (from none to moderate invasion) was designated as the low-grade ne group. The high-grade (marked invasion) ne group (74 cases, 57.8%) showed a higher incidence of lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.002), a higher incidence of early recurrence (P = 0.004), decreased RFS (P < 0.001), and decreased DSS (P < 0.001). The severity of lymphatic (r = 0.440, P = 0.042) and venous (r = 0.610, P = 0.002) invasions was positively correlated with the ne score. Tumors having abundant stroma often displayed severe ne. Proteomics identified eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling as the most significantly enriched pathway in high-grade ne PDAC. Additionally, EIF2 signaling-related ribosome proteins decreased according to severity. Results showed that PNI is linked with lymphatic and vascular invasion in early-stage PDAC. Furthermore, the dysregulation of proteostasis and ribosome biogenesis can yield a difference in PNI severity.
Alveolar Backing in 3-Year-Old Children With and Without Repaired Cleft Palate: Preliminary Findings Related to Cleft Type and History of Otitis Media
Authors: Zajac David J. , Whitt Hannah , Baylis Adriane , Tourian Maura , Garcia Katie 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if cleft type and/or history of otitis media with effusion (OM) contribute to backing of /t/ and/or /s/ in young children with and without repaired cleft palate (CP).

Method:

Participants were 39 children (
M
age
= 36 months, range: 34–41). Ten children had repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP), nine had repaired CP only, 12 had no clefts but histories of OM, and eight were typically developing (TD) without clefts or OM history. All children were video- and audio-recorded during administration of the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Third Edition (GFTA-3). Standard scores of articulation, frequency of alveolar backing, and first spectral moments of the /t/−/k/ and /s/−/ʃ/ phonetic contrasts were obtained.

Results:

Children with CLP had lower GFTA-3 scores than both TD (
p
= .012) and OM (
p
= .001) groups. Fisher's exact test showed that significantly more children with CLP backed alveolar targets, mostly /s/, than children with CP (
p
= .020). Children with CLP also had (a) reduced /t/−/k/ spectral difference compared to TD children (
p
= .016) and (b) reduced /s/−/ʃ/ spectral difference compared to both children with CP (
p
= .010) and children with OM (
p
= .018). Children with OM had reduced /t/−/k/ spectral difference compared to TD children (
p
= .009).

Conclusions:
Cleft type contributes to alveolar backing and reduced spectral contrast of /s/−/ʃ/ in 3-year-old children with repaired CP. History of OM affects spectral contrast of /t/−/k/ in noncleft children. Etiology and clinical implications of alveolar backing are discussed.
Erfolgreiche Skaphoidrekonstruktion durch einen erneuten freien medialen Femurkondylenspan
Authors: Landscheidt Kristina , Lauer Henrik , Goertz Ole , Hernekamp Jochen-Frederik 
Published: October 2021

FalldarstellungEin 39-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit Schmerzen im Bereich des rechten Handgelenkes in unserer Sprechstunde vor. Eineinhalb Jahre zuvor war der Patient mit dem Fahrrad verunfallt und dabei auf die rechte Hand gestürzt. Aufgrund persistierender Schmerzen wurde der Patient ein Jahr nach Unfall erstmals ein einer externen handchirurgischen Abteilung vorstellig, wo eine Skaphoidpseudarthrose diagnostiziert wurde. Es folgten eine Pseudarthrosenresektion und die Interposition eines mikrovaskulär angeschlossenen Femurkondylenspans von der Gegenseite mit K-Drahtosteosynthese, gefolgt von einer 6-wöchigen Ruhigstellung (
Abb. 1
).
Resorcinarene-Based Supramolecular Capsules: Supramolecular Functions and Applications
Authors: Haino Takeharu , Sekiya Ryo , Harada Kentaro , Nitta Natsumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA resorcinarene is a synthetic macrocycle consisting of four resorcinol molecules covalently linked by methylene bridges. The interannular bridges produce a cavitand that has a bowl-shaped structure. We have developed supramolecular capsules through Ag(I) or Cu(I) coordination-driven self-assembly of cavitands possessing 2,2′-bipyridyl arms in their upper rims. The self-assembled capsules accommodate various molecular guests and supramolecular assemblies possessing acetoxy groups. The host–guest chemistry of the molecular capsules has been applied in the fabrication of supramolecular polymers. This account describes recent developments in the supramolecular chemistry of resorcinarene-based coordination capsules and provides a brief history of resorcinarene-based capsules and related capsules.
Networked discourses of bereavement in online COVID-19 memorials
Authors: McGlashan Mark 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on study of online COVID-19 memorials posted during 2020 to the Church of England website https://www.rememberme2020.uk/. The paper employs a Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) approach to analyse networks of co-occurring linguistic items (types and lemmata) and patterns (ngrams) within online memorials, and examines how these frequent items/patterns exist within networked discourses that underpin an overarching bereavement discourse. The analysis finds that bereavement discourse is underpinned by frequent reference to love, relationships and relational identification, time and temporality, loss/absence, and memory, as well as metaphors based on container and journey image schema. An analysis of these metaphorical representations of death and bereavement suggest that online memorials serve as a space for the social practice of bereavement and shows how the language used to grieve attempts to ideologically (re)present the relationships between the bereaved and decedent. All code used in this paper can be found at https://osf.io/khcj2/.
Current observations are insufficient to confidently associate the binary black hole merger GW190521 with AGN J124942.3 + 344929
Authors: Ashton Gregory , Ackley Kendall , Hernandez Ignacio Magaña , Piotrzkowski Brandon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recently, Graham et al (2020 arXiv:2006.14122) identified ZTF19abanrhr as a candidate electromagnetic counterpart to the binary black hole merger GW190521. The authors argue that the observations are consistent with a kicked binary black hole interacting with the accretion disk of the active galactic nucleus AGN J124942.3 + 344929. If a real association (rather than happenstance), this has implications for the sources of LIGO/Virgo binary mergers, future prospects for electromagnetic counterparts, and measurements of the expansion rate of the Universe. In this work, we provide an analysis of the multi-messenger coincident-significance based on the localisation overlap and find that, under optimistic assumptions, the odds of a common source for GW190521 and ZTF19abanrhr range between 1 and 12. These odds are strongly dependent on the waveform model and, with current models, are unable to consistently capture both the effects of precession and orbital eccentricity. We consider this insufficient evidence to warrant confidently associating GW190521 with ZTF19abanrhr and hence caution against any astrophysical conclusions based on the association.
Effect of the cosmological parameters on gravitational waves: general analysis
Authors: Espriu Domènec , Rodoreda Marc 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Some time ago it was pointed out that the presence of cosmological components could affect the propagation of gravitational waves (GW) beyond the usual cosmological redshift and that such effects might be observable in pulsar timing arrays (PTA). These analyses were done at leading order in the Hubble constant H
0, which is proportional to

Λ

1

2

and

ρ

i

1

2

(ρ

i
being the various cosmological fluid densities). In this work, we study in detail the propagation of metric perturbations on a Schwarzschild–de Sitter (SdS) background, close to the place where GW are produced, and obtain solutions that incorporate corrections linear in ρ

i
and Λ. At the next-to-leading order the corrections do not appear in the form of H
0 thus lifting the degeneracy among the various cosmological components. We also determine the leading corrections proportional to the mass of the final object; they are very small for the distances considered in PTA but may be of relevance in other cases. When transformed into comoving coordinates, the ones used in cosmological measurements, this SdS solution does satisfy the perturbation equations in a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric up to and including

Λ

3

2

terms. This analysis is then extended to the other cosmological fluids, allowing us to consider GW sources in the Gpc range. Finally, we investigate the influence of these corrections in PTA observations.
Large exciton binding energy, superior mechanical flexibility, and ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity in BiI3 monolayer
Authors: Xiao Wen-Zhi , Xiao Gang , Wang Zhu-Jun , Wang Ling-Ling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The exciton binding energy, mechanical properties, and lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer BiI3 are investigated on the basis of first principle calculation. The excitation energy of monolayer BiI3 is predicted to be 1.02 eV, which is larger than that of bulk BiI3 (0.224 eV). This condition is due to the reduced dielectric screening in systems. The monolayer can withstand biaxial tensile strain up to 30% with ideal tensile strength of 2.60 GPa. Compared with graphene and MoS2, BiI3 possesses superior flexibility and ductility due to its large Poisson’s ratio and smaller Young’s modulus by two orders of magnitude. The predicted lattice thermal conductivity k
L of monolayer BiI3 is 0.247 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature, which is lower than most reported values for other 2D materials. Such ultralow k
L results from the scattering between acoustic and optical phonon modes, heavy atomic mass, and relatively weak chemical bond.
Molecular ammonia sensing of PEDOT:PSS/nitrogen doped MXene Ti3C2T
x
composite film at room temperature
Authors: Qiu Jiyu , Xia Xinglong , Hu Zhihao , Zhou Sen , Wang Yanjie , Wang Yuhang , Zhang Ruijie , Li Jing , Zhou Yong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The irrational NH3 emission routinely poses a significant threat to human health and environmental protection even at low dose. In addition, high miniaturization and low power-consumption has been the critical requirements of Internet of Things. To meet these demands, it is greatly pressing to develop a novel gas sensor with the capability to detect trace NH3 without external heating or light-irradiation elements. In this work, the organic conducting conjugated polymer PEDOT:PSS was combined with inorganic nitrogen-doped transition metal carbides and nitrides (N-MXene Ti3C2T
x
) for chemiresistive NH3 sensing at room temperature (20 oC). By means of the organic–inorganic n–p heterojunctions via the synergistic effect, the results show that the composite film sensor with the optimal mass ratio of 1:0.5 between N-MXene and PEDOT:PSS components delivered favorable NH3 sensing performance than individual N-MXene or PEDOT:PSS counterparts in terms of higher response and quicker response/recovery speeds under 20 oC@36%RH air. Besides, decent repeatability, stability and selectivity were demonstrated. The incorporated N atoms served as excellent electron donors to promote the electron-transfer reactions and augment the sorption sites. Simultaneously, partial oxidation of MXene brought about some TiO2 nanoparticles which acted as spacers to widen the interlayer spacing and probably suppress the MXene restacking during the film deposition, thus favoring the gas diffusion/penetration within the sensing layer and then a quick reaction kinetic. The modulation of consequent build-in field within the heterojunctions was responsible for the reversible NH3 sensing. In addition, pre-adsorbed water molecules facilitated to establish a swift adsorption/desorption balance. The proposed strategy expanded the application range of MXene based composite materials and enrich the current sensing mechanisms of NH3 gas sensors.
The regression detectability index RDI for mammography images of breast phantoms with calcification-like objects and anatomical background
Authors: Anton M , Reginatto M , Elster C , Mäder U , Schopphoven S , Sechopoulos I , van Engen R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Currently, quality assurance measurements in mammography are performed on unprocessed images. For diagnosis, however, radiologists are provided with processed images. This image processing is optimised for images of human anatomy and therefore does not always perform satisfactorily with technical phantoms. To overcome this problem, it may be possible to use anthropomorphic phantoms reflecting the anatomic structure of the human breast in place of technical phantoms when carrying out task-specific quality assessment using model observers. However, the use of model observers is hampered by the fact that a large number of images needs to be acquired. A recently published novel observer called the regression detectability index (RDI) needs significantly fewer images, but requires the background of the images to be flat. Therefore, to be able to apply the RDI to images of anthropomorphic phantoms, the anatomic background needs to be removed. For this, a procedure in which the anatomical structures are fitted by thin plate spline (TPS) interpolation has been developed. When the object to be detected is small, such as a calcification-like lesion, it is shown that the anatomic background can be removed successfully by subtracting the TPS interpolation, which makes the background-free image accessible to the RDI. We have compared the detectability obtained by the RDI with TPS background subtraction to results of the channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) and human observers. With the RDI, results for the detectability

d
′

can be obtained using 75% fewer images compared to the CHO, while the same uncertainty of

d
′

is achieved. Furthermore, the correlation of

d
′

(RDI) with the results of human observers is at least as good as that of

d
′

(CHO) with human observers.
A three-bit-per-cell via-type resistive random access memory gated metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor non-volatile memory with the FORMing-free characteristic
Authors: Hsieh E Ray , Huang Yi Xiang , Ye You Hung , Wang Zih Ying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present an embedded memory for possible neuromorphic computing applications using a via-type resistive random access memory (RRAM) gated metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). By this arrangement, the threshold voltage (V
th) of the MOSFET is modulated by the resistance of the via-type RRAM. When the resistance of the via-type RRAM is in a high-resistance state (HRS), the word-line voltage (V
WL) is consumed mostly across the via-type RRAM and little is left on the gate dielectric layer of the MOSFET; the V
th of the MOSFET is boosted. In contrast, when the resistance of the via-type RRAM is in a low-resistance state (LRS), with the resistance value much smaller than that of the gate dielectric of the MOSFET, the VWL will be dropped majorly on the gate dielectric of the MOSFET, and the V
th of the MOSFET will be much reduced than that of the MOSFET gated by the via-type RRAM in a HRS. The experimental results show that, in a direct-current mode, the memory window achieves 1 V between a LRS and a HRS of the via-type RRAM gated MOSFET. In an alternating current mode, the LRS can be SET at 10 nanoseconds; the HRS can be RESET at 5 nanoseconds. Furthermore, three-bit-per-cell operation of the via-type RRAM gated MOSFET is demonstrated. The eight conductance states are distributed evenly between 100 micro- and 100 picosiemens with almost isometric gaps in between. The endurance tests were executed for eight conductance states with one million cycles for four pairs. Finally, the retention tests of eight states were kept under 125 °C for one month.