bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Factors Influencing Older Adult Engagement in Fall Prevention: A Comparative Analysis Among Stakeholders
Authors: Wiseman Jessica M. , Quatman Carmen E. , Quatman‐Yates Catherine C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFalls are a leading cause of fatal and non‐fatal injuries for older adults in the United States with significant consequences for health, mobility, and independence. Understanding what barriers influence older adult engagement is essential to facilitating uptake of evidence‐based interventions to prevent falls and fall‐related injuries.MethodsSemi‐structured focus groups were held with 59 participants in three stakeholder groups: (1) community‐dwelling older adults, (2) caregivers of older adults, and (3) healthcare providers who engage with older adults. Themes that emerged were categorized by the stakeholder group that identified them and evaluated using the social‐ecological model and assigned to a level within that framework (individual, interpersonal, community, or societal).ResultsBarriers identified to older adult participation in fall prevention activities had the most themes emerge at the individual‐level, which included denial; discomfort avoidance; fear of being a burden; pride; and self‐perception. Interpersonal‐level themes were the normalization of falls; healthcare provider attitude, behavior, and practices; social support; and well‐intentioned family. Finally, the themes observed at the community level included cost; lack of education and awareness; limited healthcare resources; lack of transportation; and healthcare system timing and weaknesses. Some themes were identified across all stakeholder types, while others were recognized by only one or two. The only theme at the societal level was age‐related stigma.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a variety of barriers across stakeholder types and provide valuable insights for developing strategies to effectively promote older adult participation in fall prevention activities to reduce falls and enhance healthy aging.
Incidence of Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing: Longitudinal Investigation of Outpatient EHR Prescriptions
Authors: Albert Steven M. , Li Xiaotong , Gill‐Kane Sandra L. , Lombardi Jacob , Akenapalli Krishi , Boyce Richard D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceThe incidence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing among older adults is not as well studied as its prevalence. Estimates of factors associated with PIM incidence, such as patient age, sex, race‐ethnicity, medication subsidy support, and comorbidity, are also limited.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of PIM prescribing in older adult outpatients, as well as the incidence and predictors for each PIM class, in a large outpatient electronic health records (EHR) cohort.DesignRetrospective study of PIM prescribing among outpatients with encounters leading to prescription orders, 2015–2018, excluding prevalent cases.SettingOutpatients receiving care from a multi‐site health system in western Pennsylvania.Participants342,405 patients, contributing 893,754 person‐years of follow‐up.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe incidence of PIM prescribing based on automated coding of 2019 Beers criteria. A multivariable Poisson regression model was estimated to assess the impact of age, sex, race‐ethnicity, comorbidity, and medication subsidy (PACE/PACENET) on PIM risk. For each PIM class, the association between predictors and time to PIM prescribing was evaluated using proportional hazard models.ResultsThe incidence rate (IR) for 1 or more PIM was 193.5 per 1000 person‐years, led by short‐ and intermediate‐acting benzodiazepines (37.6), first‐generation antihistamines (32.8), and skeletal muscle relaxants (22.0). The incidence of PIM prescribing was 15% higher among white patients and 35% lower among males. High comorbidity (Charlson score ≥ 3) was associated with a 59% higher risk. Participation in the PACE/PACENET program, a medication subsidy program, was associated with an 83% increase in incidence. Each additional year of age was associated with a 1.2% reduction in incidence.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study establishes benchmarks for the incidence of PIM prescribing in outpatients and identifies important disparities in PIM risk, which vary by PIM class.
The AMS/DYT1–MYB module interacts with the MED25–MYC–MYB complexes to inhibit jasmonate‐regulated floral defense in Arabidopsis
Authors: Song Junqiao , Pang Shihai , Xue Bingjie , Rong Deqing , Qi Tiancong , Huang Huang , Song Susheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe phytohormone jasmonates (JAs) regulate plant growth and defense responses. The reproductive organs of flowers are devastated by insect herbivores. However, the molecular mechanisms of floral defense remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the Arabidopsis JA receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) and its substrates JA ZIM‐domain (JAZ) repressors, and the mediator subunit MEDIATOR25‐based MED25–MYC–MYB (MMM) complexes, including MYC2/3/4/5 and MYB28/29/76, mediated floral defense against the insects Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua, and Spodoptera frugiperda. The flower‐specific IIIa bHLH factors ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) and DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1) were JAZ‐interaction proteins. They interacted with members of the MMM complexes, inhibited the transcriptional activity of MYC2 and MYB28, and repressed floral defense against insects. AMS and DYT1 recruited the flower‐specific MYB21/24, and these MYBs interacted with members of MMM complexes, inhibited the MYC2–MYB28 function, and suppressed floral defense against insects. Our study revealed that the JA–COI1–JAZ–MMM pathway mediated flower defense, and the AMS/DYT1–MYB21/24 module antagonized the MMM complexes to repress floral defense against insects.
Unraveling the Causal Relationship Between Blood Metabolites and Acne: A Metabolomic Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Min , Zhan Dan Dan , Fan Li Li , Wang Yu , Hu Xiao Han , Zhang Ming , Zhou Zhou 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcne is a common skin disorder that may be linked to metabolic dysfunction. However, the causal impact of blood metabolites on acne has not been thoroughly investigated.MethodsWe performed a metabolome‐wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on 486 blood metabolites and acne using a genome‐wide association dataset. The study included preliminary inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) analysis, multivariable MR analysis, linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) analysis, and colocalization analysis, along with reverse MR to address potential reverse causation.ResultsOur analysis identified 12 metabolites significantly associated with acne. LDSC analysis revealed a genetic correlation between nonanoylcarnitine and acne. Colocalization analysis confirmed shared genetic variants, and metabolic pathway analysis implicated the arginine biosynthesis pathway and the selenocompound metabolism pathway in the development of acne.ConclusionThis study offers a comprehensive understanding of the causal relationships between plasma metabolites and acne. The findings provide insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for acne treatment, underscoring the need for further research.
Treatment strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in persons with chronic kidney disease and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zannad Faiez , McGuire Darren K. , Ortiz Alberto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent and progressive condition associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Diabetes is a common cause of CKD, and both diabetes and CKD increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in individuals with CKD. This review will discuss the importance of early detection of CKD and prompt pharmacological intervention to slow CKD progression and delay the development of CVD for improving outcomes.Early CKD is often asymptomatic, and diagnosis usually requires laboratory testing. The combination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) measurements is used to diagnose and determine CKD severity. Guidelines recommend at least annual screening for CKD in at‐risk individuals. While eGFR testing rates are consistently high, rates of UACR testing remain low. This results in underdiagnosis and undertreatment of CKD, leaving many individuals at risk of CKD progression and CVD. UACR testing is an actionable component of the CKD definition.A four‐pillar treatment approach for slowing the progression of diabetic kidney disease is suggested, comprising a renin–angiotensin–system (RAS) inhibitor, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist, and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone. The combination of these agents provides a greater cardiorenal risk reduction compared with RAS inhibitors alone.Early detection of CKD and prompt intervention with guideline‐directed medical therapy are crucial for reducing CVD risk in individuals with CKD and diabetes. Evidence from ongoing studies will advance our understanding of optimal therapy in this population.
Protective Effects of Spondias mombin L. Juice Alone or in Combination With Lactobacillus acidophilus in 5‐Fluorouracil‐Induced Experimental Intestinal Mucositis
Authors: Barbosa Stphannie Jamyla de Araújo , Oliveira Maisie Mitchele Barbosa , Ribeiro Susana Barbosa , Silva Rafaela Alcindo , de Medeiros Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier , Guerra Gerlane Coelho Bernardo , Júnior Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo , de Sousa Junior Francisco Canindé , Martins Agnes Andrade , Ferreira Leandro De Santis , Pinheiro Francisco Ayrton Senna Domingos , Rebouças Conceição S. Martins , de Castro Brito Gerly Anne , Leitao Renata Ferreira Carvalho , Andrade Raphael Victor Silva , de Araujo Valkleidson Santos , de Araújo Aurigena Antunes 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvaluate the impact of Spondias mombin L. juice (SM), alone and in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus, in an experimental model of intestinal mucositis.MethodsSwiss mice were orally administered with saline, SM, or SM combined with L. acidophilus NRRL B‐4495 at 1 × 109 colony‐forming unit (CFU/mL) for 15 days before the induction of intestinal mucositis by a single intraperitoneal injection of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) at 450 mg/kg. On the 18th day, following euthanasia, tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. Jejunum tissues were analyzed for MUC‐2 immunoexpression, concentrations of interleukin‐1‐beta (IL‐1β), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and invertase activity.Key Results5‐FU induced intestinal damage in all intestinal segments, and this damage involved villus blunting, flattened and vacuolated cells, crypt necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucosa and submucosal edema compared to the control group. In contrast, SM or SM with L. acidophilus prevented these morphological alterations in all intestinal segments (p < 0.05). Both treatments reduced the intestinal concentration of IL‐1 beta (p < 0.05), IL‐6 (p < 0.05), and TNF‐alpha (p < 0.05). Notably, the combination of SM and L. acidophilus, but not SM alone, prevented the 5‐FU‐induced decrease in invertase activity and mucin expression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SM combined with L. acidophilus resulted in an increased population of lactic acid bacteria in feces on the 7th and 18th days. Combining SM with L. acidophilus also decreased fecal excretion of γ‐Ergostenol and γ‐sitosterol.Conclusions and InferencesSM, alone and combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus demonstrated significant protective effects against 5‐FU‐induced intestinal mucositis, reducing inflammatory markers.
Symptom Patterns in Adults With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A 6‐Month Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chen Yaozhu J. , Rodriguez Danielle , Richmond Camilla A. , Hasler William L. , Levinthal David J. , Li B. U. K. , Petrakis Ioannis , Coyne Karin S. , Wu Melody , Tack Jan , Venkatesan Thangam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundData are limited on the natural history and symptom patterns of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), a disorder of gut–brain interaction characterized by recurrent stereotypical vomiting, retching, and nausea episodes.MethodsA 6‐month, observational, remote study prospectively assessed symptom patterns in adults with CVS using an electronic daily diary. Patients recorded their disease experience, including CVS symptoms and associated severity, in the daily diary. The study defined a CVS episode start as the first day of 5 or more vomiting and/or retching (V + R) events. Episode end was defined as the first day of ≥ 7 (prespecified main analysis) or ≥ 4 (sensitivity analysis) days without any diary V + R events.Key ResultsEighty‐eight of 93 (94.6%) enrolled patients (62 female; mean age, 37.7 years) had daily diary data recorded during the study; 61 (69.3%) patients had at least one episode. In the prespecified main analysis, 191 episodes (median, 0.6 per 30 diary days) were reported (median duration, 3.0 days); 17.8% of the episodes lasted > 10 days. In the sensitivity analysis, 248 episodes (median, 0.7 per 30 diary days) were reported (median duration, 2.0 days). Thirteen of 88 (14.8%) patients with diary data had interepisodic V + R (reported V + R events without meeting the threshold for study‐defined episode). Other CVS‐related (non‐V + R) symptoms (most frequently nausea, abdominal pain, and sweating) were reported more frequently during the episode versus the interepisodic period.Conclusions and InferencesThis prospective longitudinal study shows marked heterogeneity of CVS episodes and highlights the need to better define and characterize episodes in these patients.
Future Applications of Central Neuromodulation and Neurophysiological Testing in Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
Authors: Levinthal David J. , Kuo Braden 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is defined by its episodic patterning. Furthermore, CVS is associated with other episodic disorders such as migraine and epilepsy. Indeed, many of the medications that are known to be useful for prophylaxis and abortive therapy in CVS are also effective in preventing and aborting migraines and seizures. These observations strongly suggest that CVS has a neural basis, but the precise pathophysiological mechanisms that operate in CVS remain unclear.PurposeThis brief review describes recent neurophysiological insights and opportunities to further advance the understanding of pathophysiological neural mechanisms that are present in patients with CVS. These insights are poised to translate into the next generation of neurotherapeutic strategies for CVS using central neuromodulation. Additionally, the development of neurophysiological tests of neural excitability could be positioned to shape management decisions in future CVS care.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on Oil and Natural Gas Production
Authors: Ben Salah Sarra , Moussaoui Hana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted global economies, disrupting various sectors, including energy production. This study examines the effects of COVID‐19 on oil and natural gas production in 14 producer countries between January 2020 and December 2021. Using the generalised method of moments (GMM) and panel data analysis, we explore the relationship between pandemic‐related disruptions, energy prices and trade openness on the production of non‐renewable energy sources. Results indicate that COVID‐19 negatively influenced both oil and gas production, with a stronger impact observed on oil. While trade openness positively contributed to energy production, rising energy prices exacerbated the decline in output. The findings underscore the importance of resilience strategies, including robust energy policies and adaptive measures, to mitigate the effects of future global crises. This research contributes to the literature by providing comprehensive insights into the production challenges and opportunities within the energy sector during a pandemic.
Childhood and Adolescent Overweight/Obesity Prevalence Trends in Jiangsu, China, 2017–2021: An Age‐Period‐Cohort Analysis
Authors: Yu Jinxia , Chen Sunan , Yang Jie , Zhang Xiyan , Xue Hui , Ni Xiaoyan , Du Wei , Fan Lijun , Zhang Fengyun , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate temporal trends in childhood and adolescent overweight/obesity in Jiangsu Province, China, evaluating the effects of age, period, and birth cohort.DesignCross‐sectional study.SampleParticipants were 210,168 students aged 6–17 years from the five waves of the consecutive cross‐sectional Jiangsu provincial surveillance project in 2017–2021.MeasurementsOverweight/obesity was assessed according to the sex‐ and age‐specific body mass index. We used age‐period‐cohort (APC) analysis to explore the temporal trends of overweight/obesity and to estimate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the prevalence.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight/obesity has increased from 32.08% to 38.60% between 2017 and 2021. The 6–9‐year‐old group and the 10–13‐year‐old group were significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity, in contrast to 14–17‐year‐olds. The pandemic was also significantly associated with a much higher risk. The cohort 2000–2003 was associated with higher risk, and such association continued until the cohort 2012–2015, denoting a significantly lower risk.ConclusionsDespite an increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the latest cohort effect was significantly associated with a lower risk. We recommend continuous efforts on preventive interventions and more research about prevalence trends.
High levels of REV7 expression are associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kesen Yurika , Ichinoe Masaaki , Hayashi Shoko , Umezawa Atsuko , Numata Yoshiko , Kogami Taro , Matsushita Masahiro , Sanoyama Itaru , Hoshino Akiyoshi , Sakurai Yasutaka , Kato Takuya , Murakumo Yoshiki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractREV7 is a multifunctional protein essential for promoting cellular tolerance to DNA damage. REV7 expression is associated with disease progression and prognosis in several human malignant tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and biological significance of REV7 in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD). REV7 expression in 167 resected GADs was immunohistochemically assessed and examined the association with clinicopathological features. Positive expression of REV7 was significantly associated with tumor undifferentiation (p < 0.001), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.035), recurrence (p = 0.042), and mortality (p = 0.031). The Kaplan‐Meier curves with log‐rank tests revealed significantly poorer progression‐free survival (p = 0.049), overall survival (p = 0.037), and post‐progression survival (p = 0.038) in the REV7‐positive group. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model identified REV7 as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p = 0.028). REV7‐depleted GAD cell lines demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin compared with control cells. Additionally, the expression levels of REV7 in residual tumors from surgical specimens of patients who received preoperative chemotherapy were higher than those in samples without chemotherapy (p = 0.029), suggesting that REV7‐positive tumors are chemoresistant. These results indicate that REV7 is a predictive biomarker for the prognosis and chemosensitivity of GAD.
Phylogenomic insights into the relationship and the evolutionary history of planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
Authors: Deng Junchen , Stroiński Adam , Szwedo Jacek , Ghanavi Hamid Reza , Yapar Etka , Franco Diego Castillo , Prus‐Frankowska Monika , Michalik Anna , Wahlberg Niklas , Łukasik Piotr 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlanthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) are a species‐rich and globally distributed insect clade with high economic, ecological and evolutionary importance. However, the relationships among planthopper lineages and families remain unclear. Previous efforts based on inconsistent morphological traits, a few genes or limited sampling often resulted in conflicting tree topologies. Here, we used genome‐level data to assemble 1164 nuclear single‐copy genes and 13 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes for 149 planthopper species representing 19 out of 21 extant families. Additional markers were added from published mitogenomes, expanding our sampling to 285 species. These markers were used for maximum likelihood–based tree inference and dating analyses. The newly inferred phylogenies validated well‐accepted relationships and recovered novel placements for several taxa, including the family Achilixiidae and species from the tribe Lyncidini and genus Madagascaritia in Dictyopharidae and Fulgoridae. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, we proposed taxonomic changes including the establishment of a new family Borysthenidae stat. rev. within Delphacoidea and a new superfamily Meenoploidea superfam. nov. with redefined Kinnaridae stat. rev. and Meenoplidae stat. rev. The time analyses based on 57 nuclear markers and 30 fossils dated the origin of extant Fulgoromorpha back to Guadalupian, Permian (~263 Ma), close to the maximum constraint at 267.3 Ma, while applying an older root constraint resulted in an origin in Mississippian, Carboniferous (~332 Ma). While future sampling of unstudied fauna in unexplored regions or habitats may change the topology, the current phylogenomic analysis will serve as a solid foundation for research into planthopper ecology, evolution and significance.
TaqMan Array Card real‐time polymerase chain reaction panel to detect pathogens in whole blood of febrile inpatients in northern Tanzania, 2016–2019
Authors: Ngocho James S. , Liu Jie , Kalengo Nathaniel H. , Kipengele Asia H. , Maro Athanasia , Mujage Buliga , Senyael Ndealilia , Gratz Jean , Kilonzo Kajiru G. , Kinabo Grace , Lwezaula Bingileki F. , Lyamuya Furaha , Marandu Annette , Mbwasi Ronald , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Mosha Calvin , Carugati Manuela , Madut Deng B. , Bonnewell John P. , Maze Michael J. , Maro Venance P. , Crump John A. , Houpt Eric R. , Rubach Matthew P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute febrile illness is a common reason for seeking healthcare in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We describe the diagnostic utility of a TaqMan Array Card (TAC) real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel for pathogen detection in paediatric and adult inpatients admitted with febrile illness.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we screened medical admissions for a tympanic temperature ≥38.0°C or reported fever within 72 h and used a PCR panel to detect pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, in 697 participants. We compared PCR results to conventional diagnostic methods and considered PCR detections as the cause of fever, except for Plasmodium spp. and Schistosoma spp. Participants for PCR testing was consecutively selected from the end of enrolment.ResultsOf 1132 participants enrolled in the cohort, 697 (61.6%) were tested by PCR. Median (IQR) age was 29.6 (4.6–46.4) years. Three hundred seventy‐eight (54.2%) were male. The PCR method improved illness identification, increasing diagnostic yield from 73 (10.5%) by conventional methods to 124 (17.8%) of 697 participants. PCR detections included four viral pathogens: dengue (n = 1), enterovirus (n = 7), measles (n = 1) and Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) (n = 3). Forty‐six bacterial pathogens were detected in 44 (6.3%) participants, including fastidious bacteria such as Bartonella spp. (n = 2), Brucella spp. (n = 3), Coxiella burnetii (n = 2), Leptospira spp. (n = 1), M. tuberculosis (n = 7) and Rickettsia spp. (n = 9).ConclusionThe PCR panel improved pathogen detection in febrile inpatients, providing clinically actionable results for fastidious bacteria and epidemiologically relevant findings like RVFV detections, when combined with conventional methods.