bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of COVID-19 pediatric cases in southeast Iran
Authors: Soleimani Gholamreza , Akbarirad Fatemeh , Shafighi Shahri Elham , Sajjadi Seyyed Masoud 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Even though children seem to be less vulnerable to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, still a diverse range of clinical presentations and symptoms have been reported in children. Few studies assessed the clinical presentations of COVID-19 among Iranian children. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of COVID-19 infected children.

Methods
All COVID-19 suspected and confirmed children were referred to the Ali-ibn-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. Patients were included in this longitudinal study. Patients were evaluated at admission and during hospitalization. Patients with some of the main COVID symptoms with positive PCR test were defined as confirmed cases. Clinical, imaging and laboratory results were collected for all patients.

Results
A total of 62 patients participated in this study. The male:female ratio was 1:1.03. There was a significant difference in fatigue prevalence between age groups (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of fever duration (P = 0.624) and maximum temperature (P = 0.629). There was a significant difference between PCR positive and negative patients in terms of neurologic signs (P = 0.003), Intensive care unit admission (P = 0.001), white blood cell (P = 0.047).

Conclusions
Even though our population was small, most of the findings matched other studies conducted on pediatric cases in Iran or other countries. It was also found that some clinical features such as pneumonia, cough, diarrhea, and tachycardia at admission time were statistically different among age groups.
Regulation of blood–brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide
Authors: Hoyles Lesley , Pontifex Matthew G. , Rodriguez-Ramiro Ildefonso , Anis-Alavi M. Areeb , Jelane Khadija S. , Snelling Tom , Solito Egle , Fonseca Sonia , Carvalho Ana L. , Carding Simon R. , Müller Michael , Glen Robert C. , Vauzour David , McArthur Simon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is primarily mediated via soluble microbe-derived metabolites, but the details of this pathway remain poorly defined. Methylamines produced by microbial metabolism of dietary choline and l-carnitine have received attention due to their proposed association with vascular disease, but their effects upon the cerebrovascular circulation have hitherto not been studied.

Results
Here, we use an integrated in vitro/in vivo approach to show that physiologically relevant concentrations of the dietary methylamine trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and protected it from inflammatory insult, acting through the tight junction regulator annexin A1. In contrast, the TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) impaired BBB function and disrupted tight junction integrity. Moreover, we show that long-term exposure to TMAO protects murine cognitive function from inflammatory challenge, acting to limit astrocyte and microglial reactivity in a brain region-specific manner.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the mechanisms through which microbiome-associated methylamines directly interact with the mammalian BBB, with consequences for cerebrovascular and cognitive function.
Psychometric properties of the Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) in children with internalizing symptoms: examining baseline data from a national randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Pedersen Marit Løtveit , Jozefiak Thomas , Sund Anne Mari , Holen Solveig , Neumer Simon-Peter , Martinsen Kristin D. , Rasmussen Lene Mari P. , Patras Joshua , Lydersen Stian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevention is essential to reduce the development of symptomology among children and adolescents into disorders, thereby improving public health and reducing costs. Therefore, easily administered screening and early assessment methods with good reliability and validity are necessary to effectively identify children’s functioning and how these develop. The Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) is an instrument designed for this purpose. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the BPM parent (BPM-P) and teacher (BPM-T) versions, including internal reliability and construct validity at assessing children with internalizing problems.MethodsBaseline data were collected from a national randomized controlled intervention study. Children aged 8–12 years with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and/or depression with one standard deviation above a chosen population’s mean were included in this study. Teachers (n = 750) and parents (n = 596) rated children using the BPM-T and BPM-P, respectively. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, and multi-informant agreement between the BPM-P and BPM-T was measured using Spearman’s correlations. Construct validity was assessed via confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsInternal consistency was good throughout all domains for both the BPM-P and BPM-T, with a Cronbach’s alpha ranging from .763 to .878. Multi-informant agreement between the parents and the teacher was moderate on the externalizing, attention, and total scales and low on the internalizing scale. The model fit for the three-factor structure of the BPM was excellent for the BPM-P and good for the BPM-T.ConclusionsInternal consistency was good, and the original three-factor solution of the BPM-P and BPM-T was confirmed based on our sample of school children at-risk for emotional problems. These promising results indicate that the BPM may be a valid short assessment tool for measuring attentional, behavioral, and internalizing problems in children.Trial registrationin Clinical Trials: NCT02340637; June 12, 2014.
Understanding and optimizing Evolon® CR for varnish removal from oil paintings
Authors: Baij Lambert , Liu Chun , Buijs Jesse , Alvarez Martin Alba , Westert Dorien , Raven Laura , Geels Norbert , Noble Petria , Sprakel Joris , Keune Katrien 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Evolon

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CR is increasingly used in paintings conservation for varnish removal from oil paintings. Its key benefits over traditional cotton swabs are limiting solvent exposure and reducing mechanical action on the paint surface. However, this non-woven microfilament textile was not originally engineered for conservation use and little is known about its chemical stability towards organic solvents. Moreover, the physical processes of solvent loading and release by Evolon

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CR, as well as solvent retention inside paint after cleaning, have not been studied. These three topics were investigated using a multi-analytical approach, aiming for an improved understanding and optimized use of Evolon

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CR for varnish removal. Our results show that the tissue is generally chemically and physically stable to organic solvents when exposed on timescales that are typical in conservation practice. However, a pre-treatment step of Evolon

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CR is necessary to avoid the release of unwanted saturated fatty acids into the paint during varnish removal. We show that the primary mechanism of solvent uptake by the fibers is adsorption rather than absorption and that the dominant factor dictating the maximum solvent load is the volume of the voids between the fibers. Finally, solvent induced dynamics after application of solvent-loaded Evolon

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CR within the paint film was monitored using portable laser speckle imaging on model paints. A method to quantify solvent-retention in real-time was developed and revealed that the presence of varnish on paintings results in lower dynamics of solvents within the paint in comparison to unvarnished paint. Comparing various solvents, it was found that cleaning with acetone resulted in a roughly six-fold increase in dynamics compared to ethanol and isopropanol.
An adaptive prediction method for mechanical properties deterioration of sandstone under freeze–thaw cycles: a case study of Yungang Grottoes
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Liu Yibiao , Ren Weizhong , Xu Wenhui , Cai Simin , Wang Junxia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the location of the Yungang Grottoes, freeze–thaw cycles contribute significantly to the degradation of the mechanical properties of the sandstone. The factors influencing the freeze–thaw cycle are classified into two categories: external environmental conditions and the inherent properties of the rock itself. Since the parameters of rock properties are inherent to each rock, the effect of rock properties on freeze–thaw degradation cannot be investigated by the control variates method. An adaptive multi-output gradient boosting decision trees (AMGBDT) algorithm is proposed to fit nonlinear relationships between mechanical properties and physical factors. The hyperparameters in the GBDT algorithm are set as variables, and the Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm is applied to solve the hyperparameter optimization, which means finding the maximum Score. The case study illustrates that the AMGBDT algorithm can precisely determine the effect of each independent factor on the output. The patterns of mechanical properties are similar when the number of freeze–thaw cycles and porosity are used as variables separately and when both are used simultaneously. The uniaxial compressive strength decay rate is positively correlated with the number of freeze–thaw cycles and porosity. The modulus of elasticity is negatively correlated with the number of freeze–thaw cycles and porosity. The results show that the number of freeze–thaw cycles is the main factor influencing the freeze–thaw cycling action, and the porosity is minor. In addition, the fitting accuracy of the AMGBDT algorithm is generally higher than neural networks (NN) and random forests (RF). Studying the influence of porosity and other rock properties on the freeze–thaw cycle will help to understand the failure mechanism of rock freeze–thaw cycles.
Big knowledge-based semantic correlation for detecting slow and low-level advanced persistent threats
Authors: Lajevardi Amir Mohammadzade , Amini Morteza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTargeted cyber attacks, which today are known as Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), use low and slow patterns to bypass intrusion detection and alert correlation systems. Since most of the attack detection approaches use a short time-window, the slow APTs abuse this weakness to escape from the detection systems. In these situations, the intruders increase the time of attacks and move as slowly as possible by some tricks such as usingsleeperandwake upfunctions and make detection difficult for such detection systems. In addition, low APTs use trusted subjects or agents to conceal any footprint and abnormalities in the victim system by some tricks such as code injection and stealing digital certificates. In this paper, a new solution is proposed for detecting both low and slow APTs. The proposed approach uses low-level interception, knowledge-based system, system ontology, and semantic correlation to detect low-level attacks. Since using semantic-based correlation is not applicable for detecting slow attacks due to its significant processing overhead, we propose a scalable knowledge-based system that uses three different concepts and approaches to reduce the time complexity including (1) flexible sliding window calledVermiform windowto analyze and correlate system events instead of using fixed-size time-window, (2) effective inference using a scalable inference engine calledSANSA, and (3) data reduction by ontology-based data abstraction. We can detect the slow APTs whose attack duration is about several months. Evaluation of the proposed approach on a dataset containing many APT scenarios shows 84.21% of sensitivity and 82.16% of specificity.
Non-invasive detection of a femoral-to-radial arterial pressure gradient in intensive care patients with vasoactive agents
Authors: Jacquet-Lagrèze Matthias , Claveau David , Cousineau Julie , Liu Kun Peng , Guimond Jean-Gilles , Aslanian Pierre , Lamarche Yoan , Albert Martin , Charbonney Emmanuel , Hammoud Ali , Kontar Loay , Denault André 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
In patient requiring vasopressors, the radial artery pressure may underestimate the true central aortic pressure leading to unnecessary interventions. When using a femoral and a radial arterial line, this femoral-to-radial arterial pressure gradient (FR-APG) can be detected. Our main objective was to assess the accuracy of non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measures; specifically, measuring the gradient between the NIBP obtained at the brachial artery and the radial artery pressure and calculating the non-invasive brachial-to-radial arterial pressure gradient (NIBR-APG) to detect an FR-APG. The secondary objective was to assess the prevalence of the FR-APG in a targeted sample of critically ill patients.

Methods
Adult patients in an intensive care unit requiring vasopressors and instrumented with a femoral and a radial artery line were selected. We recorded invasive radial and femoral arterial pressure, and brachial NIBP. Measurements were repeated each hour for 2 h. A significant FR-APG (our reference standard) was defined by either a mean arterial pressure (MAP) difference of more than 10 mmHg or a systolic arterial pressure (SAP) difference of more than 25 mmHg. The diagnostic accuracy of the NIBR-APG (our index test) to detect a significant FR-APG was estimated and the prevalence of an FR-APG was measured and correlated with the NIBR-APG.

Results
Eighty-one patients aged 68 [IQR 58–75] years and an SAPS2 score of 35 (SD 7) were included from which 228 measurements were obtained. A significant FR-APG occurred in 15 patients with a prevalence of 18.5% [95%CI 10.8–28.7%]. Diabetes was significantly associated with a significant FR-APG. The use of a 11 mmHg difference in MAP between the NIBP at the brachial artery and the MAP of the radial artery led to a specificity of 92% [67; 100], a sensitivity of 100% [95%CI 83; 100] and an AUC ROC of 0.93 [95%CI 0.81–0.99] to detect a significant FR-APG. SAP and MAP FR-APG correlated with SAP (r2 = 0.36; p < 0.001) and MAP (r2 = 0.34; p < 0.001) NIBR-APG.

Conclusion
NIBR-APG assessment can be used to detect a significant FR-APG which occur in one in every five critically ill patients requiring vasoactive agents.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women: a study from Iran
Authors: Tavoli Azadeh , Tavoli Zahra , Effatpanah Mohammad , Montazeri Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) is a distressing condition linked to menopause. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and contributing factors for FSD among postmenopausal women.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of postmenopausal women attending a gynecology clinic in a teaching hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences was enrolled into the study. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess sexual function. In addition, demographic and psychosocial information were recorded. The association between sexual function and anxiety and depression were examined to explore the data.

Results
In all 162 postmenopausal women were studied. We performed general linear regression analysis to assess the relationship between sexual function and anxiety while including demographic variables in the model. The results showed that the model could explain about 46% of the variance observed in sexual function (adjusted R2 = 0.467). The analysis indicated that among independent variables, age (p <  0.001), sexual frequency (p <  0.001), and anxiety (p = 0.003) were significant contributing factors associated with sexual function. A similar analysis evaluating the relationship between sexual function and depression in menopausal women found that age (p <  0.001), sexual frequency (p <  0.001), and depression (p = 0.003), were significant contributing factors associated with sexual function; explaining about 46% of the variance observed (adjusted R2 = 0.466).

Conclusion
The findings showed that nearly half of menopausal women had sexual dysfunction in this convenience sample of women seeking gynecologic care. Women reporting sexual dysfunction also reported a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression. Indeed, recognition of such factors requires a holistic therapeutic approach to sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women.
Estuarine gradients dictate spatiotemporal variations of microbiome networks in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Wang Hualong , Chen Feng , Zhang Chuanlun , Wang Min , Kan Jinjun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Annually reoccurring microbial populations with strong spatial and temporal variations have been identified in estuarine environments, especially in those with long residence time such as the Chesapeake Bay (CB). However, it is unclear how microbial taxa cooccurr and how the inter-taxa networks respond to the strong environmental gradients in the estuaries.

Results
Here, we constructed co-occurrence networks on prokaryotic microbial communities in the CB, which included seasonal samples from seven spatial stations along the salinity gradients for three consecutive years. Our results showed that spatiotemporal variations of planktonic microbiomes promoted differentiations of the characteristics and stability of prokaryotic microbial networks in the CB estuary. Prokaryotic microbial networks exhibited a clear seasonal pattern where microbes were more closely connected during warm season compared to the associations during cold season. In addition, microbial networks were more stable in the lower Bay (ocean side) than those in the upper Bay (freshwater side). Multivariate regression tree (MRT) analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that temperature, salinity and total suspended substances along with nutrient availability, particulate carbon and Chl a, affected the distribution and co-occurrence of microbial groups, such as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Interestingly, compared to the abundant groups (such as SAR11, Saprospiraceae and Actinomarinaceae), the rare taxa including OM60 (NOR5) clade (Gammaproteobacteria), Micrococcales (Actinobacteria), and NS11-12 marine group (Bacteroidetes) contributed greatly to the stability of microbial co-occurrence in the Bay. Modularity and cluster structures of microbial networks varied spatiotemporally, which provided valuable insights into the ‘small world’ (a group of more interconnected species), network stability, and habitat partitioning/preferences.

Conclusion
Our results shed light on how estuarine gradients alter the spatiotemporal variations of prokaryotic microbial networks in the estuarine ecosystem, as well as their adaptability to environmental disturbances and co-occurrence network complexity and stability.
Making community voices heard in a research–health service alliance, the evolving role of the Community Advisory Group: a case study from the members’ perspective
Authors: Wale Janet L. , Di Pietro Louisa , Renton Heather , Sahhar Margaret , Walker Christine , Williams Pamela , Meehan Karen , Lynch Elly , Martyn Melissa , Bell Jane , Winship Ingrid , Gaff Clara L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance (the Alliance) is a collaboration of leading hospitals, research and academic organisations, supported by its member organisations and the Victorian Government. The Alliance was set up by its members in 2013 to steer the translation of genomics, making it an integral part of health care in Victoria, Australia. The Community Advisory Group (CAG) was formed soon after, to give input and advice across the program. This was to ensure consideration of community values, perspectives and priorities, and knowledge translation for patient care. The CAG was charged with providing a strong community voice for the duration of the program. Appointed members were experienced consumer advocates with developed connections to the community.

Main body
The Alliance progressed from an initial Demonstration Project (2013–2015) to a multifaceted program (2016–2020). The CAG worked strategically to help address complex issues, for example, communication, privacy, informed consent, ethics, patient experience, measurement and evaluation standards and policies, data storage and re-use of genomic data. Many aspects of translating genomics into routine care have been tackled, such as communicating with patients invited to have genomic testing, or their caregivers, and obtaining informed consent, clinical questions across 16 areas of health care, training and education of health and laboratory professionals, genomic data management and data-sharing. Evidence generated around clinical utility and cost-effectiveness led to government funding of testing for complex genetic conditions in children.

Conclusion
The CAG activities, recorded in a CAG-inspired Activity register, span the full spectrum of information sharing and consultation to co-design and partnership. The CAG were involved at multiple levels of participation and in all tiers of activity including governance, development of policies and procedures, program planning and evaluation. Working relationships were built up and a level of trust instilled to advance the Alliance work program in ensuring an effective patient-care model of delivery of genomics. CAG input into project deliverables has been tangible. Less tangible contributions included presentations at external meetings and conferences, direct interactions at meetings with Alliance members, interactions with visitors and external experts, taking part in consultations with experts, state and federal government.