bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2-step deep learning model for landmarks localization in spine radiographs
Authors: Cina Andrea , Bassani Tito , Panico Matteo , Luca Andrea , Masharawi Youssef , Brayda-Bruno Marco , Galbusera Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work we propose to use Deep Learning to automatically calculate the coordinates of the vertebral corners in sagittal x-rays images of the thoracolumbar spine and, from those landmarks, to calculate relevant radiological parameters such as L1–L5 and L1–S1 lordosis and sacral slope. For this purpose, we used 10,193 images annotated with the landmarks coordinates as the ground truth. We realized a model that consists of 2 steps. In step 1, we trained 2 Convolutional Neural Networks to identify each vertebra in the image and calculate the landmarks coordinates respectively. In step 2, we refined the localization using cropped images of a single vertebra as input to another convolutional neural network and we used geometrical transformations to map the corners to the original image. For the localization tasks, we used a differentiable spatial to numerical transform (DSNT) as the top layer. We evaluated the model both qualitatively and quantitatively on a set of 195 test images. The median localization errors relative to the vertebrae dimensions were 1.98% and 1.68% for x and y coordinates respectively. All the predicted angles were highly correlated with the ground truth, despite non-negligible absolute median errors of 1.84°, 2.43° and 1.98° for L1–L5, L1–S1 and SS respectively. Our model is able to calculate with good accuracy the coordinates of the vertebral corners and has a large potential for improving the reliability and repeatability of measurements in clinical tasks.
The Holocene influence on the future evolution of the Venice Lagoon tidal marshes
Authors: Zoccarato Claudia , Da Lio Cristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe resilience of marsh ecosystems to expected sea-level rise is determined by a complex interplay of organic and inorganic sedimentation dynamics. Marshes have formed over past centuries to millennia and consist of extremely reactive bodies with sediments that can experience high compaction. Here we provide a quantification of the degree to which the past history of a salt marsh can affect its long-term evolution. A dataset of elevation dynamics was established in the Venice Lagoon (Italy) and interpreted using a physics-based model of deposition and large consolidation of newly deposited material. We found that the fate of low-lying tidal landscapes over the next century of accelerating sea-level rise will be highly dependent on compaction of soft, recently deposited soils. Our results imply that a sedimentation rate twice the present rate will be needed to counterbalance the expected sea-level rise.
From biomineralization to tumorogenesis—the expanding insight of the physiological and pathological roles of Fam20C
Authors: Wu Yanbing , Wang Haoru , Liu Chao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fam20C is a Golgi kinase phosphorylating the majority of the secreted proteins. In this decade, the function of Fam20C has been largely disclosed in the loss-of function models. How the influence of the overexpressed Fam20C on cells or organs, and whether Fam20C was associated with tumorogensis still remain unknown. In the latest article in Bioscience Reports, a group from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University established a correlation between the elevated Fam20C expression and the poor prognosis of multiple cancers (Biosci. Rep. (2021), 41(1) BSR20201920). In addition, they also proposed the potential mechanisms how the increased Fam20C expression played a detrimental role in tumor progression by suggesting that the up-regulated Fam20C level affected the infiltration of immune cells and the capability of cancer metastasis. To give an overview of the expanding knowledge of Fam20C involved in the physiological and pathological events, we first reviewed the history of Fam20C study in this commentary, then, evaluated the correlation of the elevated Fam20C expression to the prognosis of multiple cancers, and finally, interpreted the perspectives that the Fam20C gain-of-function model was also critical for cancer therapy.
A new chapter for a better Bioscience Reports
Authors: Cooper Christopher D.O. , Han Weiping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As Bioscience Reports enters its fifth decade of continuous multidisciplinary life science publishing, here we present a timely overview of the journal. In addition to introducing ourselves and new Associate Editors for 2021, we reflect on the challenges the new Editorial Board has faced and overcome since we took over the editorial leadership in June of 2020, and detail some key strategies on how we plan to encourage more submissions and broader readership for a better and stronger journal in the coming years.
Impact of the Chin-Down Posture on Temporal Measures of Patients With Dysphagia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Forbes Jessica , Humbert Ianessa 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe chin-down position is a commonly prescribed posture by health care professionals to alleviate the symptoms of dysphagia. Yet, how the technique influences swallowing physiology lacks clarity. Our goal was to examine the impact of the postural technique on patients with various medical conditions and swallowing impairments.MethodTemporal and functional measures were examined with videofluoroscopy in the chin-down and neutral head position on 15 patients. Also, timing differences between head positions were examined to determine the presence of improvement during the chin-down posture.ResultsThe primary finding was chin-down posture swallows prolonged the elapsed time between when the prematurely spilled bolus entered the pharynx relative to swallow onset compared to the neutral head position (p= .006). Also, no improvement in airway protection was found when performing the postural technique.ConclusionsThe chin-down posture may benefit patients with specific swallowing impairments. However, the general use of the technique for all patients who experience swallowing difficulty might be negligent and could potentially have adverse or no effect on patient outcomes. Future studies examining patients with the same pathophysiology are needed to understand the benefit of the chin-down posture based on swallowing impairment.
Gaussian processes non‐linear inverse reinforcement learning
Authors: Qiao Qifeng , Lin Xiaomin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe authors analyse a Bayesian framework for posing and solving inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problems that arise in decision‐making and optimisation settings. The authors propose a non‐parametric Bayesian model using Gaussian process (GP) and preference graphs, which offer an effective and computationally efficient method for ill‐posed IRL problems in large or infinite state space. This approach only requires a finite number of demonstrations that is much less than the amount required for approximating the feature expectation or value functions in previous IRL methods. The proposed learning framework is expressive as it relies on a Bayesian structure in which assumptions are explicit and changeable. It is also robust in that it formalises on convex optimisation, which retains the promise of computationally manageable implementations for practical problems. To deal with more realistic IRL problems where the dynamics is also unknown, the GP model can be easily combined with the method to learn the dynamics at the same time. Experimental results prove the superiority of the authors method to current prevailing IRL algorithms with fewer numbers of demonstrations in both discrete and continuous state space.
Predefined formation‐containment control of high‐order multi‐agent systems under communication delays and switching topologies
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Dong Xiwang , Hua Yongzhao , Yu Jianglong , Ren Zhang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns the problem of formation‐containment control for general‐linear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with both communication delays and switching interaction topologies. On the one hand, the leaders can communicate with each other to form the desired formation and on the other, the followers need to enter the convex envelope spanned by the multiple leaders. Firstly, by using the neighbouring relative information, formation‐containment protocols are designed for each leader and follower, where an edge‐based state observer is incorporated into the formation‐containment controller to evaluate the whole leaders' state. Secondly, according to the linear matrix inequality technology, an algorithm is given to determine the unknown feedback matrixes in the protocol. Then, based on Lyapunov theory, the formation‐containment error is proved to be convergent and formation feasibility conditions are also presented for the MASs to achieve formation‐containment. Finally, a simulation on several MASs is provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
CA‐PMG: Channel attention and progressive multi‐granularity training network for fine‐grained visual classification
Authors: Zhao Peipei , Miao Qiguang , Yao Hang , Liu Xiangzeng , Liu Ruyi , Gong Maoguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFine‐grained visual classification is challenging due to the inherently subtle intra‐class object variations. To solve this issue, a novel framework named channel attention and progressive multi‐granularity training network, is proposed. It first exploits meaningful feature maps through the channel attention module and captures multi‐granularity features by the progressive multi‐granularity training module. For each feature map, the channel attention module is proposed to explore channel‐wise correlation. This allows the model to re‐weight the channels of the feature map according to the impact of their semantic information on performance. Furthermore, the progressive multi‐granularity training module is introduced to fuse features cross multi‐granularity. And the fused features pay more attention to the subtle differences between images. The model can be trained efficiently in an end‐to‐end manner without bounding box or part annotations. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted to show that the method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performances on the CUB‐200‐2011, Stanford Cars, and FGVC‐Aircraft datasets. Ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of each part in our module.
Analysis of SPRITE : A new sparse approach for 3D high resolution RCS imaging
Authors: Benoudiba‐Campanini Thomas , Giovannelli Jean‐François , Massaloux Pierre , Minvielle Pierre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, the authors present the application of an original high resolution method, named SPRITE (for SParse Radar Imaging TEchnique), for 3D high resolution radar cross section (RCS) imaging. It is based on a regularisation scheme that accounts for information of sparsity and support. The solution is then defined as the minimiser of a penalised and constrained criterion. Optimisation is ensured by an adaptation of the alternating direction method of multipliers that is able to quickly perform calculations using fast Fourier transforms. Through application to synthetic and real data, the authors show that, in comparison to conventional methods, the SPRITE considerably enhances the resolution of the estimated RCS maps leading to a better RCS analysis and control.
Doppler disambiguation in MIMO FMCW radars with binary phase modulation
Authors: Gonzalez Hector A. , Liu Chen , Vogginger Bernhard , Kumaraveeran Prasath , Mayr Christian G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple‐input multiple‐output arrays in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars provide the angular resolution required to isolate objects in complex automotive scenes. However, the demodulation of individual antenna contributions increases the chirp repetition interval, which reduces the maximum unambiguously measurable velocity. Objects moving faster than this velocity are then incorrectly folded in the range‐Doppler maps, leading to critical inaccuracies in the advanced driver assistance systems. Here, this problem is addressed from the binary phase modulation (BPM) perspective, which is a scheme particularly attractive due to its high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and whose intrinsic phase alterations prevent traditional disambiguation techniques from being reliable. The authors present a detailed analysis on the design, implementation, and validation of Doppler disambiguation techniques for BPM systems. The presented benchmark includes a variety of algorithms involving the Chinese remainder theorem, density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), hypothetical phase compensation, and an intuitive range‐based approach. The techniques are extensively validated using synthetic data generated with MATLAB, and real data collected with a 77‐GHz FMCW radar. The results show the best set of trade‐offs for the enhanced DBSCAN (EDBSCAN) method in terms of robustness, computational overhead, velocity span, and disambiguation rate.
General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars: The impact of rotation
Authors: Haemmerlé L. 
Published: May 2021

Context. Supermassive stars (SMSs) collapsing via the general-relativistic (GR) instability are invoked as the possible progenitors of supermassive black holes. Their mass and angular momentum at the onset of the instability are key in many respects, in particular regarding the possibility for observational signatures of direct collapse. Accretion dominates the evolution of SMSs and, similar to rotation, it has been shown to impact their final properties significantly. However, the combined effect of accretion and rotation on the stability of these objects is not known.
Aims. Here, we study the stability of rotating, rapidly accreting SMSs against GR perturbations and derive the properties of these stars at death.
Methods. On the basis of hylotropic structures, which are relevant for rapidly accreting SMSs, we define rotation profiles under the assumption of local angular momentum conservation in radiative regions, which allows for differential rotation. We account for rotation in the stability of the structure by adding a Newtonian rotation term in the relativistic equation of stellar pulsation, which is justified by the slow rotations imposed by the ΩΓ-limit.
Results. We find that rotation favours the stability of rapidly accreting SMSs as soon as the accreted angular momentum represents a fraction of f ≳ 0.1% of the Keplerian angular momentum. For f ∼ 0.3−0.5%, the maximum masses consistent with GR stability are increased by an order of magnitude compared to the non-rotating case. For f ∼ 1%, the GR instability cannot be reached if the stellar mass does not exceed 107 − 108 M⊙.
Conclusions. These results imply that, as in the non-rotating case, the final masses of the progenitors of direct collapse black holes range in distinct intervals depending on the scenario considered: 105 M⊙ ≲ M ≲ 106 M⊙ for primordial atomically cooled haloes and 106 M⊙ ≲ M ≲ 109 M⊙ for metal-rich galaxy mergers. The models suggest that the centrifugal barrier is inefficient to prevent the direct formation of a supermassive black hole at the collapse of a SMS. Moreover, the conditions of galaxy mergers appear to be more favourable than those of atomically cooled haloes for detectable gravitational wave emission and ultra-long gamma-ray bursts at black hole formation.
„Corona und Du“
Authors: Elisabeth Piechaczek Charlotte , Primbs Regine , Comanns Pia-Marie , Feldmann Lisa , Greimel Ellen , Schulte-Körne Gerd 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBedingt durch die Coronapandemie besteht für Kinder, Jugendliche und deren Eltern ein großer Informationsbedarf, wie sie mit den neuen Herausforderungen im Alltag, der Schule und der Familie gut umgehen können. Um die spezifischen Bedarfe dieser Zielgruppen zu adressieren, hat die Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des LMU Klinikums in Partnerschaft mit der Beisheim Stiftung und zusammen mit Medienpartnern das webbasierte Infoportal „Corona und Du“ bereitgestellt (https://www.corona-und-du.info). Dieses Portal umfasst evidenzbasierte Informationen, Tipps und Hilfen zur Prävention von und zum Umgang mit psychischer Belastung in der Coronakrise und verweist zudem auf professionelle Anlaufstellen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Inhalte der Webseite, das methodische Vorgehen der Entwicklung der Inhalte und die Übersetzung in zielgruppengerechte Sprache und Formate dargestellt.
Belastungserleben und psychische Auffälligkeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Hamburg während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Kaman Anne , Otto Christiane , Adedeji Adekunle , Devine Janine , Erhart Michael , Napp Ann-Kathrin , Becker Marcia , Blanck-Stellmacher Ulrike , Fertmann Regina , Saier Uwe , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Einleitung Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat seit Anfang 2020 zu deutlichen Veränderungen der Lebensrealität von Kindern und Jugendlichen geführt. Die COPSY-Studie-Hamburg ist eine der ersten bevölkerungsbezogenen Studien auf Bundeslandebene, welche landesweit für Hamburg die psychische Gesundheit und Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen während der Pandemie untersucht. Die COPSY-Studie-Hamburg ist angelehnt an die bundesweite COPSY (Corona und Psyche)-Studie.
Methoden Vom 12. Juni bis zum 31. Juli wurden in einer Online-Befragung n = 1037 Selbst- und Elternangaben von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 11 bis 17 Jahren zur Lebensqualität und psychischen Gesundheit erfasst. Es wurden etablierte Instrumente zur Erfassung der Lebenszufriedenheit (Cantril Ladder), Lebensqualität (KIDSCREEN-10), allgemeinen psychischen Auffälligkeiten (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), psychosomatischen Beschwerden (HBSC Symptom Checklist) sowie weitere relevante Instrumente zur Erfassung COVID-19-bedingter Belastungen eingesetzt. Die Daten wurden mit repräsentativen Referenzstichproben der Studien BELLA und HBSC vor der Pandemie verglichen. Es wurden relative Häufigkeiten samt Konfidenzintervalle berichtet. Basierend auf bivariaten und multiplen logistischen Regressionsanalysen wurden Kinder mit besonders starken Belastungen identifiziert. Die Risikogruppe wurde dargestellt und potenzielle Ressourcen wurden analysiert.
Ergebnisse Zwei Drittel der Hamburger Kinder und Jugendlichen fühlten sich durch die Pandemie belastet. Ihre Lebenszufriedenheit und Lebensqualität haben sich im Vergleich zu der Zeit vor der Pandemie verschlechtert. Die Kinder und Jugendlichen berichteten häufiger psychosomatische Beschwerden wie Gereiztheit, Einschlafprobleme und Kopfschmerzen. Besonders belastet waren sozial benachteiligte Kinder. Ein guter familiärer Zusammenhalt wirkte protektiv und konnte die Belastungen durch die Pandemie abmildern.
Diskussion Um die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen während der COVID-19-Pandemie sowie in zukünftigen Krisensituationen zu schützen und zu erhalten, sollten zielgruppenspezifische und niedrigschwellige Angebote der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung diskutiert werden.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Thrombosis: An Expert Consensus on Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Elalamy Ismail , Gerotziafas Grigoris , Alamowitch Sonia , Laroche Jean-Pierre , Van Dreden Patrick , Ageno Walter , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Cohen Alexander T. , Jimenez David , Brenner Benjamin , Middeldorp Saskia , Cacoub Patrice ,   Scientific Reviewer Committee
Published: May 2021

AbstractHistorically, the vaccination strategies developed in the second half of the 20th century have facilitated the eradication of infectious diseases. From the onset of COVID-19 pandemic to the end of April 2021, more than 150 million cases and 3 million deaths were documented worldwide with disruption of the economic and social activity, and with devastating material, physical, and psychological consequences. Reports of unusual and severe thrombotic events, including cerebral and splanchnic venous thrombosis and other autoimmune adverse reactions, such as immune thrombocytopenia or thrombotic microangiopathies in connection with some of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, have caused a great deal of concern within the population and the medical community. This report is intended to provide practical answers following an overview of our knowledge on these thrombotic events that are extremely rare but have serious consequences. Vaccine hesitancy threatens to reverse the progress made in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. These adverse events must be put into perspective with an objective analysis of the facts and the issues of the vaccination strategy during this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Health care professionals remain the most pertinent advisors and influencers regarding vaccination decisions; they have to be supported to provide reliable and credible information on vaccines. We need to inform, reassure, and support our patients when the prescription is made. Facing these challenges and observations, a panel of experts express their insights and propose a tracking algorithm for vaccinated patients based on a 10-point guideline for decision-making on what to do and not to do.
Hydraulic and electric control of cell spheroids
Authors: Duclut Charlie , Prost Jacques , Jülicher Frank 
Published: May 2021

Significance
In addition to generating forces and reacting to mechanical cues, tissues are capable of actively pumping fluid and creating electric current. In this work, we examine how a hydraulic or electrical perturbation, imposed, for instance, by a drain of micrometric diameter, can be used to perturb tissue growth. We address this issue in a continuum description of a spherical cell assembly that includes the mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic properties of the tissue. This approach allows us to discuss and quantify the effect of electrohydraulic perturbations on the long-time states of the tissue. We highlight that a moderate external pumping or electric current can drive a proliferating spheroid to decay. We propose that this could have applications in medicine.
To Stay or Not to Stay: Patent Litigation in the Federal District Courts
Authors: Miller Banks , Curry Brett 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate when district judges stay litigation pending the resolution of parallel administrative proceedings. Leveraging unique aspects of patent litigation to create a robust test of the proposition, we consider how ideology conditions judicial behavior on this procedural judgment. We find that legal considerations guide stay decisions and that there is also an ideological dimension to that choice. Conservative district judges approach motions to stay consistent with conservative concerns regarding frivolous litigation even as they are influenced by case characteristics. This suggests a role for judicial discretion and implies that ideology’s influence in the district courts may be greater than frequently thought.