bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating abortion dilemmas: Attitudes and practices among Ethiopian health care professionals
Authors: Ewnetu Demelash Bezabih , Thorsen Viva Combs , Solbakk Jan Helge , Magelssen Morten 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Ethiopia’s 2005 abortion law improved access to legal abortion. In this study we examine the experiences of abortion providers with the revised abortion law, including how they view and resolve perceived moral challenges.Methods: Thirty healthcare professionals involved in abortion provision in Addis Ababa were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed using systematic text condensation, a qualitative analysis framework.Results: Most participants considered the 2005 abortion law a clear improvement – yet it does not solve all problems and has led to new dilemmas. As a main finding, the law appears to have opened a large space for professionals’ individual interpretation and discretion concerning whether criteria for abortion are met.Regarding abortion for fetal abnormalities, participants support the woman’s authority in deciding whether to choose abortion, and although several saw these decisions as moral dilemmas, all thought that abortion was a justified choice when a diagnosis of fetal abnormality had been made.Conclusion: To make practice more predictable and uniform, more detailed official guidance on the law and how it should be interpreted is warranted.
1H NMR Based Metabolic Profiling Distinguishes the Differential Impact of Capture Techniques on Wild Bighorn Sheep
Authors: O’Shea-Stone Galen , Lambert Rachelle , Tripet Brian , Berardinelli James , Thomson Jennifer , Copié Valérie , Garrott Robert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Environmental metabolomics has the potential to facilitate the establishment of a new suite of tools for assessing the physiological status of important wildlife species. A first step in developing such tools is to evaluate the impacts of various capture techniques on metabolic profiles as capture is necessary to obtain the biological samples required for assays. This study employed 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolite profiling of 562 blood serum samples from wild bighorn sheep to identify characteristic molecular serum makers of three capture techniques (dart, dropnet, and helicopter-based captures) to inform future sampling protocols for metabolomics studies, and to provide insights into the physiological impacts of capture. We found that different capture techniques induce distinct changes in amino acid serum profiles, the urea cycle, and glycolysis, and attribute the differences in metabolic patterns to differences in physical activity and stress caused by the different capture methods. These results suggest that when designing experiments involving the capture of wild animals, it may be prudent to employ a single capture technique to reduce confounding factors. It also supports administration of tranquilizers as soon as animals are restrained to mitigate stress and other physiological and metabolic responses.
Tooth Problem and its Treatment-seeking Behavior among Older Adults in India
Authors: Srivast Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep , Sinha Debashree , Mishra Prem Shankar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Growing untreated morbidities among the older adults on geriatric issues especially an optimal dental treatment has become an unfinished agenda and a long-neglected area for care and management in many low and middle-income countries. There is a continuous rise in the older population in India and at the same time, the rising of co-morbidities or multi-morbidities in the aging population creates catastrophic challenges at the individuals, household, community, and country levels, and therefore, it is important to address dental health problems and related issues in the aged population in India. The present study is an attempt to understand the prevalence of tooth related problems and their health-seeking behavior among the older adults in India.Methods: The present research used data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI) which was a national level survey and was conducted in 2011, across seven states of India. The effective sample size of this study was 9541 older adults aged 60+ years. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to fulfill the study objectives. Additionally, the study employed the Heckprobit selection model which is a two-equation model to understand the determinants of dental health problems.Results: Older adults in the age group of 70-79 years (36.9%) and 80+ years (51.9%) reported higher dental problems compared to 60-69 years (19.9%). Moreover, older women reported more dental problems (29.2%) and also used more dental aids (12.6%) compared to older men. Older adults in the age group 70-79 and 80+ years were 0.15 times and 0.40 times less likely to use dental aids respectively, as compared to 60-69 years older adults. Moreover, older women were 0.28 times more likely to use dental aids than older men. Education and wealth of older adults have a negative relationship with dental problems.Conclusion: This study clearly emphasized that awareness of tooth related problems should be promoted vigorously. Further, a holistic approach is needed to prevent dental diseases that occur because of other co-morbidities. For that, integration of the oral health program with programs dealing with morbidities can act as a solution to the existing problem.
MOCHIO: A Novel Multi-Objective Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimization Algorithm for Solving Brushless Direct Current Wheel Motor Design Optimization Problem
Authors: C Kumar , D Magdalin Mary , T Gunasekar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A prominent and realistic problem in the domain of magnetics is the optimal design of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. A key challenge is designing a BLDC motor such that it functions efficiently with a minimum cost of materials to achieve maximum efficiency. Recently, a novel optimization technique inspired by nature, called the Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer (CHIO), is proposed. The inspiration for this technique derives from the idea of herd immunity as a way of combating the coronavirus pandemic. A variant of Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer called Multi-Objective Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer (MOCHIO) is proposed in this paper, and it has been directly used to optimize the BLDC motor design optimization problem. The BLDC motor design problem has two main objectives, such as minimization of the motor mass and maximization of the motor efficiency with five constraints and five design variables. First, MOCHIO is tested with benchmark functions and then applied to the BLDC motor design problem. In addition, the experimental results are compared with the multi-objective whale optimization algorithm (MOWOA), multi-objective grey wolf optimizer (MOGWO), multi-objective particle swarm optimizer (MOPSO), multi-objective moth flame optimizer (MOMFO), and multi-objective bat algorithm (MOBA) are presented to confirm the viability and dominance of the proposed MOCHIO algorithm.
Quantum Chemical Investigation on D-π-A Based Phenothiazine Organic Chromophores with Spacer and Electron Acceptor Effect for DSSCs
Authors: Munusamy Anbarasan Ponnusamy , Ammasi Arunkumar , Shajahan Shanavas , Ahamad Tansir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, the newly designed phenothiazine based organic dye (PT-BTBA, PT-EBTBA and PT-EBTEBA) derivatives were screened and investigated for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) application. The literature dye of SB covers the electron-donor (D) in phenothiazine and cyanoacrylic acid in electron-acceptor (A) based on D-A structure. In order to improving the π-conjugation and acceptor effects on the SB dye were investigated. The effect of D-π-A designed dyes on the optical absorption spectra and photovoltaic (PV) parameters were implemented by the density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. Also, the hybrid functionals were initially evaluated to establish an accurate methodology for calculating the first-singlet absorption peak of SB dye. Consequently, TD-CAM-B3LYP functional and 6-311++G(d,p) theory were well match with the literature data. According to this result, phenothiazine-4-((7-ethynylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)benzoic acid (PT-EBTEBA) dye has the strong group for more red-shifted and successfully electron inject into TiO2 surface. It is expected to provide some theoretical guidance on designing photosensitive with new metal-free organic dyes for use in DSSCs yielding highly efficient performance.
RNAi Screening in Primary Human Breast Biopsies Identifies Mitochondrial Glutamate Flux as A Metabolic Vulnerability in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Iorio Caterina , Bouzina Alla , Jerzak Katarzyna , Andrews David , Screaton Robert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death in women[1]. Women with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) have high risk disease with either large primary breast tumours and/or lymph node involvement. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy eradicates breast cancer in approximately one-third of cases prior to surgery, almost 70% of patients have residual disease and many will require additional chemotherapy post-operatively. Improving pre-operative efficacy of neoadjuvant systemic treatments while reducing their iatrogenicities are critical unmet needs. Methods: Here, we develop an RNA interference (RNAi) screening approach using conditionally reprogrammed primary LABC biopsies to identify genes of the mitochondrial Solute Ligand Carrier 25 (SLC25) family that support LABC cell viability. Results: We report that silencing SLC25A12, -A15, and -A18 genes, involved in glutamate and ornithine flux, augment 5-fluorouracil (5FU) cytotoxic effectiveness in LABC cells. Conclusions: Our data suggest glutamate metabolism may be a tumour-specific metabolic vulnerability in LABC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RNAi screening in conditionally reprogrammed primary human breast cells can identify novel targets for the development of non-genotoxic BC treatments.
Sterol 14α-Demethylase from Trypanosomatidae Parasites as a Promising Target for Designing New Antiparasitic Agents
Authors: da Silva Santos-Júnior Paulo Fernando , Schmitt Martine , de Araújo-Júnior João Xavier , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira 
Published: March 2021

:
Trypanosomatidae family belongs to the Kinetoplastida order, which consists of obligatory parasites that affect plants and all
classes of vertebrates, especially humans and insects. Among the heteroxenic parasites, Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, and
T. brucei are protozoa of most significant interest for medicinal chemistry, being etiological agents of Leishmaniasis, Chagas, and
Sleep Sickness diseases, respectively. Currently, inefficient pharmacotherapy, especially in chronic phases and low selectivity towards
parasite/host cells, justifies the need to discover new drugs to treat them effectively. Among other targets, the sterol 14α-demethylase
(CYP51), an enzyme responsible for ergosterol's biosynthesis in Trypanosomatidae parasites, has received more attention in the development
of new bioactive compounds. In this context, antifungal ravuconazole proved to be the most promising drug among this class against
T. cruzi, being used in combined therapy with Bnz in clinic trials. Non-antifungal inhibitors, such as VFV and VNF, have shown promising
results against T. cruzi and T.brucei, respectively, being tested in Bnz-combined therapies. Among the experimental studies involving
azoles, compound (15) was found to be the most promising derivative, displaying an IC50 value of 0.002 µM against amastigotes from
T. cruzi, in addition to being non-toxic and highly selective towards TcCYP51 (< 25 nM). Interestingly, imidazole analog (16) was
active against infectious forms of these three parasites, demonstrating Ki values of 0.17, 0.02, and 0.36 nM for CYP51 from T. cruzi,
T. brucei, and L. infantum. Finally, this review will address promising inhibitors targeting sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51)
from Trypanosomatidae parasites, highlighting SAR studies, interactions with this target, and recent contributions and advances in the
field, as well.
Development and Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous
Determination of Verapamil and Trandolapril in Rat Plasma: Application
to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Vejendla Anuradha , Talari Subrahmanyam , Shetty Ratna Kumari 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Verapamil is an excellent drug used for the medication of hypertension
and trandolapril. It is an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. Hence, it is an interesting
method to develop a novel and reliable MS/UPLC strategy for the simultaneous development of
verapamil and trandolapril.

Objective:
This research study aims to develop a new, rapid, and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method
for the simultaneous estimation of verapamil and trandolapril in rat plasma using D6-
verapamil and D6-trandolapril.

Method:
Separation was carried on column Symmetry C18 column (150x4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) using
isocratic elution with a buffer containing 1mL of formic acid in 1L of water and the mixture of
two components like Buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 80:20 as mobile phase with
1mL/min flow rate at ambient temperature.

Results:
Analysis was performed within 5 minutes over a good linear concentration range from
2.4 ng/mL to 48 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9993 ± 0.018) for verapamil and 10pg/mL to 200pg/mL (r2
=0.9993± 0.006) for trandolapril .The extraction recoveries and matrix effect of verapamil and
trandolapril were 98.45, 99.95, 98.12, 99.66% and 98.27, 99.89, 97.78, 99.23% respectively, at different
QC concentration levels. Precision and recovery study results were determined within the
acceptable limit. An electrospray ionization source was used to study verapamil and Trandolapril at
m/z 454.72→182.16, 430.25→201.48, and IS for m/z 460.18→ 324.39, 436.28 → 340.52, which
were ion pairs of mass analysis. This method has successfully been applied to explore verapamil
(1.2mg/kg) with its internal standard (D6-Verapamil), trandolapril (0.005 mg/kg) with its internal
standard (D6-Trandolapril) extracted from rat plasma using liquid-liquid extraction.

Conclusion:
This manuscript focuses on the consistent evaluation of the key bioanalytical validation
parameters, and the following are discussed: accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity,
standard curve, limits of quantification, range, recovery, and stability. These validation parameters
are described, together with illustrations of validation methodology applied in the case of
chromatographic methods used in bioanalysis.
Antifungal Activity of Green and Red Brazilian Propolis Extracts
Authors: de Freitas Márcia Christina Dornelas , de Sá Nívea Pereira , Carvalho Blenda Fernandes , Messias Anny Caroline , Lopes Gabriela Fonseca , de Moura Almeida Bruno , Almeida Jane José , Abreu José Alexandre , Binda Nancy S. , Caligiorne Rachel Basques , Vieira-Filho Sidney Augusto , Johann Susana , de Figueiredo Sônia Maria 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Diseases associated to Candida spp. are recurrent and can be difficult to
treat, mainly due to the new strains resistant to the limited number of available antifungals.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of Brazilian
green propolis (GrProp) and red propolis (RdProp) ethanolic extracts against standard strains of
Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and 10 clinical isolates of
C. albicans.

Methods:
Antifungal activity in vitro was tested using the M-27-A3/CLSI protocol. The in vivo antifungal
activity was evaluated using Tenebrio molitor model and, the effect of extracts on adhesion
of C. albicans in human buccal epithelial cells (BECs) was also studied.

Results:
GrProp and RdProp exhibited antifungal activity against at least one of the Candida
strains tested. The adhesion inhibition of C. albicans in BECs was 45% (GrProp28), 60% (Gr-
Prop50) and 82% (RdProp), in comparison to amphotericin B (82%). All propolis extracts showed
synergistic activity with fluconazole and amphotericin B. GrProp50 (10 mg/kg) showed better protection
of T. molitor, blocking the progression of C. albicans infection, increasing survival and delayed
the larvae death.

Conclusion:
Brazilian GrProp and RdProp extracts inhibit the in vitro C. albicans growth and protect
T. molitor against infection by this yeast. The physiochemical parameters found for the analyzed
samples were in accordance to the standards established by the Brazilian Legislation for
propolis and derivatives. GrProp and RdProp have potential to be used against Candida spp. infections,
mainly in association with fluconazole or amphotericin B.
Simultaneous Photocatalytic Abatement of NO and SO2: Influence of the TiO2 Nature and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Hernández-Alonso María D. , Suárez Silvia , Fresno Fernando , Coronado Juan M. , Sánchez Benigno 
Published: March 2021

Background:
TiO2 is currently being incorporated into several construction materials, such
as cement and asphalt because this photocatalyst can act as a passive system to reduce the concentration
of typical urban pollutants like NOx and SO2 under solar illumination.

Objective:
In order to get further insights on the possible influence of the interaction between common
pollutants, the present work investigates the mechanism of NOx photo-oxidation in the presence of
SO2 traces over TiO2 samples of different textural and morphological characteristics.

Methods:
The performance for the photo-oxidation of NOx and SO2 in a dry air stream over TiO2
samples, both commercial and lab-prepared by hydrothermal and thermal methods, was evaluated by
means of FTIR analyses of the gas phase. These materials were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption
isotherms, and DR UV-vis spectroscopy. Mechanistic studies were performed by in situ DRIFT under
UV irradiation.

Results:
Photocatalytic tests showed a very efficient removal of the two selected pollutants using most
of the TiO2 samples. In the case of SO2, elimination of these molecules is due not only to photocatalytic
oxidation but also to a significant extent, to adsorption. Although in shorter periods, no byproducts
are generated, following irradiation for several hours, the production of NO2 progressively
increases and reaches 100 % selectivity over some photocatalyst. In situ DRIFTS analyses show the
evolution of the surface composition and reveal the formation of the different types of surface nitrates
with different symmetry. Under these operating conditions, a minor amount of sulfates are also
formed.

Conclusions:
The presence of a low concentration of SO2 does not appear to be detrimental for NO
removal. NO2 formation is delayed on the TiO2 samples with high specific surface area, which also
tend to be more active. The spectroscopic results confirm the involvement of surface hydroxyls in the
formation of adsorbed nitrate species.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MENULIS RESENSI CERPEN BERBASIS LITERASI KRITIS BAGI SISWA SMA KELAS XI
Authors: Mubasiroh Siti Latifah , Priyatni Endah Tri , Susanto Gatut 
Published: March 2021

Literasi kritis dalam pembelajaran menulis resensi diperlukan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran kritis bagi siswa untuk menemukan praktik sosial yang termuat dalam teks. Fenomena di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran menulis resensi belum mencapai level kritis. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dikembangkan bahan ajar yang dapat membantu siswa untuk menghasilkan resensi kritis dengan panduan yang jelas dan sesuai dengan level berpikir siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar menulis resensi cerpen berbasis literasi kritis yang memenuhi kelayakan isi, penyajian materi, keterbacaan, kegrafikaan, daya terap dan serap, kebermanfaatan, serta efektivitas bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran bagi siswa SMA kelas XI. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan. Data diperoleh dari hasil validasi produk dan komentar validator serta responden. Hasil validasi dosen ahli, guru, dan respon siswa menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori layak diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran menulis resensi kritis cerpen. Kata kunci: Bahan ajar, menulis resensi, literasi kritis
Effect of Heat Treatment on Phase Transformation of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy produced by Metal Injection Moulding
Authors: Abdul Kadir Ros Atikah , Shariff Nur Atira , Ismail Muhammad Hussain 
Published: March 2021

The NiTi alloy is widely known for its unique properties which are pseudoelastic and shape memory effect. These two unique properties are suitable for biomedical applications such as an implant, biomedical suture etc. Various methods are available to produce NiTI like Metal Injection Molding (MIM), Vacuum Arc Melting (VAM), additive manufacturing (AM), etc. The most common method is MIM where the specimen undergoes the process of mixing, injection moulding, debinding and sintering. Commonly after sintering process, the specimen is inhomogeneous due to the formation of secondary phases and impurity content. These impurities content can be reduced by applying heat treatment which improves the microstructure of NiTi. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and phase transformation of NiTi. In this study, samples were fabricated with each 50.0at% and 50.8at% of NiTi composition by using MIM. An annealing heat treatment of 430˚oC was applied to the heat-treated samples for increasing the yield strength of NiTi. All heat-treated samples were subjected to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test for analysing the phase transformation; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test for identifying the existence of any secondary phases; and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test for observing the change in the microstructure. The results indicated that upon heating through the annealing process, the secondary phase of martensite which is known as NiTi (B19’) diffused and formed the austenite phase of NiTi (B2). Results from the DSC and SEM analyses showed that the formation of B2 is dominant after the heat treatment process.
Russian State Policy for the Development of the Far East at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Mamkina I. N. , Gusevskaya N. Yu. 
Published: March 2021

The proposals of the authorities on the development of the Far East at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. The relevance of studying the past experience in the development of this region is due to the increased attention of the authorities to the introduction of large-scale programs to strengthen the eastern borders of the state. The authors note the increased scientific interest in the study of the history of the Far East development at the beginning of the 20th century. An analysis of government actions in the Amur region during this period allowed the authors to determine their relationship with the foreign policy position of the empire in the Far East. It was determined that the formation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East was aimed at consolidating the actions of the central and provincial authorities. The authors note that at the stage of preliminary coordination of the directions of the Committee’s activities, the members of the government did not have a holistic idea of the regional development strategy. A comparative analysis revealed that the proposals of the central and regional authorities did not have any fundamental differences. The pragmatism of the proposals of local governors was noted. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East and the organization of the Amur expedition were undertaken under the influence of an external threat and aimed at strengthening the military-industrial potential of the region. The authors note that the administrative and economic development of the region was not a priority for the central authorities.