bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phospho-proteomic study of cetuximab resistance in KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 wild-type colorectal cancer
Authors: Georgiou Alexandros , Stewart Adam , Vlachogiannis Georgios , Pickard Lisa , Valeri Nicola , Cunningham David , Whittaker Steven R. , Banerji Udai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We hypothesised that plasticity in signal transduction may be a mechanism of drug resistance and tested this hypothesis in the setting of cetuximab resistance in patients with KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
A multiplex antibody-based platform was used to study simultaneous changes in signal transduction of 55 phospho-proteins in 12 KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 wild-type CRC cell lines (6 cetuximab sensitive versus 6 cetuximab resistant) following 1 and 4 h in vitro cetuximab exposure. We validated our results in CRC patient samples (n = 4) using ex vivo exposure to cetuximab in KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 cells that were immunomagnetically separated from the serous effusions of patients with known cetuximab resistance.

Results
Differences in levels of phospho-proteins in cetuximab sensitive and resistant cell lines included reductions in phospho-RPS6 and phospho-PRAS40 in cetuximab sensitive, but not cetuximab resistant cell lines at 1 and 4 h, respectively. In addition, phospho-AKT levels were found to be elevated in 3/4 patient samples following ex vivo incubation with cetuximab for 1 h. We further explored these findings by studying the effects of combinations of cetuximab and two PI3K pathway inhibitors in 3 cetuximab resistant cell lines. The addition of PI3K pathway inhibitors to cetuximab led to a significantly higher reduction in colony formation capacity compared to cetuximab alone.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest activation of the PI3K pathway as a mechanism of cetuximab resistance in KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 wild-type CRC.
Global well-posedness and long-time behavior of the fractional NLS
Authors: Sy Mouhamadou , Yu Xueying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, our discussion mainly focuses on equations with energy supercritical nonlinearities. We establish probabilistic global well-posedness (GWP) results for the cubic Schrödinger equation with any fractional power of the Laplacian in all dimensions. We consider both low and high regularities in the radial setting, in dimension$$\ge 2$$≥2. In the high regularity result, anInviscid - Infinite dimensional (IID) limitis employed while in the low regularity global well-posedness result, we make use of the Skorokhod representation theorem. The IID limit is presented in details as an independent approach that applies to a wide range of Hamiltonian PDEs. Moreover we discuss the adaptation to the periodic settings, in any dimension, for smooth regularities.
Necessary Conditions for Interpolation by Multivariate Polynomials
Authors: Antezana Jorge , Marzo Jordi , Ortega-Cerdà Joaquim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLet$$\Omega $$Ωbe a smooth, bounded, convex domain in$${\mathbb {R}}^n$$Rnand let$$\Lambda _k$$Λkbe a finite subset of$$\Omega $$Ω. We find necessary geometric conditions for$$\Lambda _k$$Λkto be interpolating for the space of multivariate polynomials of degree at mostk. Our results are asymptotic ink. The density conditions obtained match precisely the necessary geometric conditions that sampling sets are known to satisfy and are expressed in terms of the equilibrium potential of the convex set. Moreover we prove that in the particular case of the unit ball, forklarge enough, there are no bases of orthogonal reproducing kernels in the space of polynomials of degree at mostk.
Evaluation of Ball End Micromilling for Ti6Al4V ELI Microneedles Using a Nanoadditive Under MQL Condition
Authors: Celis Pavel , Vazquez Elisa , Soria-Hernández Cintya G. , Bargnani Diego , Rodriguez Ciro A. , Ceretti Elisabetta , García-López Erika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of nanoadditives in lubricants has gained much attention to the research community due to the enhancement of tribological properties and cooling capabilities. This paper studies the advantages of using a MQL (Minimum Quantity of Lubrication) system and nanoadditive in the manufacture of microneedle arrays in Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. Tungsten carbide ball nose tools with a cutting diameter of 200 µm were used in experimental tests. Surface and dimensional characterization was performed to evaluate the impact of a nanoadditive to a vegetable-based oil. Additionally, cutting forces and cutting edge radius (CER) were measured while needles were machined. Experimental tests confirmed that micro end milling with nanoadditives provide slightly better dimensional features and low cutting forces compared to oil. The performance of nanoadditives resulted in a reduction of surface roughness (~ 0.3 μm). Qualitative study of microneedles illustrated burr formation on needle surface manufactured without a nanoadditive solution. Results reveal an increment of CER using low feed rate values (2.0 µm/flute) while a reduction of CER was observed with feed rates up to 2.5 µm/flute. Our results indicated that the addition of nanoadditives to vegetable oil promotes a better product surface topography and cutting tool performance.
Code-based encryption techniques with distributed cluster head and energy consumption routing protocol
Authors: Jalasri M. , Lakshmanan L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFog computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) played a crucial role in storing data in the third-party server. Fog computing provides various resources to collect data by managing data security. However, intermediate attacks and data sharing create enormous security challenges like data privacy, confidentiality, authentication, and integrity issues. Various researchers introduce several cryptographic techniques; security is still significant while sharing data in the distributed environment. Therefore, in this paper, Code-Based Encryption with the Energy Consumption Routing Protocol (CBE-ECR) has been proposed for managing data security and data transmission protocols using keyed-hash message authentication. Initially, the data have been analyzed, and the distributed cluster head is selected, and the stochastically distributed energy clustering protocol is utilized for making the data transmission. Code-driven cryptography relies on the severity of code theory issues such as disorder demodulation and vibration required to learn equivalence. These crypto-systems are based on error codes to build a single-way function. The encryption technique minimizes intermediate attacks, and the data have protected all means of transmission. In addition to data security management, the introduced CBE-ECR reduces unauthorized access and manages the network lifetime successfully, leading to the effective data management of 96.17% and less energy consumption of 21.11% than other popular methods.The effectiveness of the system is compared to the traditional clustering techniques.
Vesikoureteraler Reflux beim Kind – eine Übersicht
Authors: Frech-Doerfler Martina , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Sommer Vivienne 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vesikoureterale Reflux (VUR) beschreibt einen nichtphysiologischen Reflux der Harnblase in die Nieren. Während beim primären Reflux und jüngeren Kindern eine hohe Spontanheilungsrate besteht, ist diese beim sekundären Reflux deutlich geringer. Der VUR ist häufig mit einer „bladder bowel dysfunction“ assoziiert, die primär behandelt werden sollte. Hauptkomplikation ist die Refluxnephropathie mit Bildung von Nierennarben und nachfolgend möglicher Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion. Die Therapiemöglichkeiten reichen, abhängig von der klinischen Präsentation und den bestehenden Risikofaktoren, von abwartendem Verhalten bis zur offenen Chirurgie. Ein leichtgradiger VUR (Grad I–II) muss heute nicht mehr behandelt werden. Bei hochgradigem VUR und wiederholten Durchbruchsinfektionen ist die Indikation zur subureteralen Unterspritzung oder zur Ureterneuimplantation gegeben.
The effects of ejector adiabatic absorber on heat and mass transfer of binary nanofluid with heat transfer additives
Authors: Muhammad Umar Aliyu , Bhattacharyya Debabratta , Endrino Jose Louis , Fereres Sonia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results on the study of the effects of ejector adiabatic absorber on heat and mass transfer of binary nanofluid with heat transfer additives (2-ethyl-1-hexanol and gum Arabic). In this case, H2O/lithium bromide-alumina nanofluid was suggested due to a growing interest in absorption heat transfer working fluid for solar energy application. An experimental setup — ejector test rig — was designed to study the absorption, heat, and mass transfer rate as a result of refrigerant vapour mass flow entrained by the ejector adiabatic absorber. The study was carried out at different solution mass flowrate (0.051 to 0.17 kg/s) with three prepared sample solutions, which include pure LiBr solution, LiBr-Alumina nanofluid without heat transfer additives, and LiBr-Alumina nanofluid with heat transfer additives. The absorption rate, mass transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, and heat transfer coefficient for the three samples were reported. On the other hand, the percentage enhancements for all the parameters — at a suitable flow rate of 0.085 kg/s — due to the addition of alumina without and with heat transfer additives were recorded. The absorption rate enhancements were 25% and 96%, the enhancement rates of mass transfer coefficient recorded were 20% and 82%, the heat transfer rate enhancements were 85% and 183%, and the heat transfer coefficient enhancements obtained were 72% and 156% with addition of alumina nanoparticles only and alumina nanoparticles with heat transfer additives respectively. Material mass balance analysis suggests that mass inflow in the ejector equals to the mass outflow from the ejector, indicating a complete absorption of the entrained refrigerant vapour beyond which falling film absorption can occur due to concentration. This article also presents experimental evidence of the capability of ejector as strong adiabatic absorber, heat, and mass transfer component, which were earlier reported using numerical models.
Unsteady shock wave dynamics in accelerating and decelerating flight
Authors: Mahomed I. , Roohani H. , Skews B.W. , Gledhill I.M.A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIncreasingly agile manoeuvre is an advantage in the flight of aircraft, missiles and aerial vehicles, but the principles of accelerating aerodynamics in the transonic regime are only now being fully investigated. This study contributes to the understanding of shock and separation effects on drag during axial acceleration, using a simple geometric configuration. Unsteady shock wave behavior was numerically investigated for an axisymmetric cone-cylinder using a commercial solver and the Moving Reference Frame acceleration technique. This acceleration technique was validated using unsteady numerical and experimental methods. The cone-cylinder was accelerated from Mach number 0.6 to Mach number 1.2 at 100g constant and deceleration was from Mach number 1.2 until Mach number 0.6 at –100g constant. Three cone angles were tested for the cone-cylinder with uniform cylinder diameter. Acceleration through the transonic Mach regime was characterised by a delayed and gradual shock wave development when compared to steady state, demonstrating a clear flow history effect. Deceleration through the transonic Mach regime was characterised by shock wave propagation from the base to the nose. New flow structures appeared during deceleration that do not have counterparts in the steady state, including shock interactions and propagating expansion-compression features. Gross changes in the unsteady drag coefficient curves for each cone-angle are explained with reference to unsteady shock wave behaviour for accelerating and decelerating motion.
Lowermost Mantle Shear‐Velocity Structure From Hierarchical Trans‐Dimensional Bayesian Tomography
Authors: Mousavi Sima , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Hawkins Rhys , Sambridge Malcolm 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe core‐mantle boundary (CMB) is the most extreme boundary within the Earth where the liquid, iron‐rich outer core interacts with the rocky, silicate mantle. The nature of the lowermost mantle atop the CMB, and its role in mantle dynamics, is not completely understood. Various regional studies have documented significant heterogeneities at different spatial scales. While there is a consensus on the long scale length structure of the inferred S‐wave speed tomograms, there are also notable differences stemming from different imaging methods and datasets. Here we aim to overcome over‐smoothing and avoid over‐fitting data for the case where the spatial coverage is sparse and the inverse problem ill‐posed. We present an S‐wave tomography model at a global scale for the Lowermost Mantle (LM) using the Hierarchical Trans‐Dimensional Bayesian Inversion (HTDBI) framework, LM‐HTDBI. Our LM‐HTDBI analysis of ScS‐S travel times includes uncertainty, and the complexity of the model is deduced from the data itself through an implicit parameterization of the model space. Our comprehensive resolution estimates indicate that short‐scale anomalies are significant and resolvable features of the lowermost mantle regardless of the chosen mantle‐model reference to correct the travel times above the D’’ layer. The recovered morphology of the Large‐Low‐Shear‐wave Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) is complex, featuring small high‐velocity patches among low‐velocity domains. Instead of two large, unified, and smooth LLSVPs, the newly obtained images suggest that their margins are not uniformly flat.
Controls on Riverine Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Across an Arctic‐Boreal Latitudinal Gradient
Authors: Johnston Sarah Ellen , Carey Joanna C. , Kellerman Anne , Podgorski David C. , Gewirtzman Jonathan , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimatic changes are transforming northern high‐latitude watersheds as permafrost thaws and vegetation and hydrology shift. These changes have implications for the source and reactivity of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM), and thus biogeochemical cycling, across northern high‐latitude systems. In this study, we use a latitudinal gradient from the interior to the North Slope of Alaska to evaluate seasonal and landscape drivers of DOM composition in this changing Arctic environment. To assess DOM source and composition, we used absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy to measure DOM optical properties, lignin biomarker analyses to evaluate vascular plant contribution to the DOM pool, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) to assess DOM compositional changes. We found that seasonal inputs of DOM at elevated discharge during the freshet were typically more aromatic in nature with higher lignin concentrations and carbon‐normalized yields. Landscape characteristics were a major control on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) yields and DOM composition. More northern watersheds, which were steeper, underlain by continuous permafrost, and exhibited a mix of barren and lichen/moss vegetation cover, exported less DOC with relatively more aliphatic DOM compared to more southern basins. Watersheds with deeper active layers exported DOM that was more aromatic with higher polyphenolic and condensed aromatic relative abundances and lignin yields, likely sourced from shallow subsurface flow during high discharge periods. However, contributions from deeper groundwater to streamflow is expected to increase, which would increase interactions of groundwater with mineral soils and decrease aromatic DOM contributions during periods of low discharge.
Remarkable Metabolic Reconfiguration due to N Deficiency and an Ammonium‐to‐Nitrate Shift in the Free‐Living Effrenium voratum (Symbiodiniaceae)
Authors: Li Tangcheng , Yu Liying , Chen Xibei , Lin Xin , Li Ling , Guo Chentao , Lin Senjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) controls the growth of phytoplankton and the phytosymbionts of corals, but little is known about N nutrition in free‐living planktonic species of the Symbiodiniaceae family. Here, with physiological and transcriptomic analyses, we investigated how Effrenium voratum responded to N deficiency or a nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) switch. The results from batch cultures showed that E. voratum grew well on both NH4+ and NO3−, but NH4+ supported higher yield. Furthermore, when provided with both NH4+ and NO3−, E. voratum preferentially utilized NH4+ and consumed it faster than NO3−. Inhibitory effects of NH4+ on cell growth and photochemical efficiency were detected at ≥ 440 μM in a dose‐dependent manner. When NH4+ and NO3− were compared, only 582 genes were differentially expressed; NH4+ promoted expression of genes related to N transport, carbon fixation, chlorophyll synthesis, and cell division. In contrast, N deficiency inhibited cell division, decreased Chl a content, and changed expression of a large number (4,553) of genes involved in a wide range of metabolic processes from N acquisition, carbon fixation, photosynthate translocation, glycolysis, ROS production, to the cell cycle. This study provides baseline information about N nutrition in a free‐living symbiodiniacean dinoflagellate, which will be useful for comparative research with symbiotic counterparts. The findings also underscore the need to consider differences among phytoplankton groups in responding to forms (NH4+ versus NO3−) and availability (N repletion versus deficiency) of N‐nutrient in modeling N effects on phytoplankton dynamics.
Increasing Coral Reef Resilience Through Successive Marine Heatwaves
Authors: Fox Michael D. , Cohen Anne L. , Rotjan Randi D. , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Sandin Stuart A. , Smith Jennifer E. , Thorrold Simon R. , Dissly Laura , Mollica Nathan R. , Obura David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOcean warming is causing declines of coral reefs globally, raising critical questions about the potential for corals to adapt. In the central equatorial Pacific, reefs persisting through recurrent El Niño heatwaves hold important clues. Using an 18‐year record of coral cover spanning three major bleaching events, we show that the impact of thermal stress on coral mortality within the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) has lessened over time. Disproportionate survival of extreme thermal stress during the 2009–2010 and 2015–2016 heatwaves, relative to that in 2002–2003, suggests that selective mortality through successive heatwaves may help shape coral community responses to future warming. Identifying and facilitating the conditions under which coral survival and recovery can keep pace with rates of warming are essential first steps toward successful stewardship of coral reefs under 21st century climate change.
Predicting the Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Season With 500‐hPa Temperature
Authors: Miller P. W. , Trepanier J. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts are numerous, the number of Gulf of Mexico (GOM) storms is normally left ambiguous. Motivated by the 2020 GOM hurricane season, this study introduces two methods of anticipating upcoming GOM TC frequency on June 1 of each year: (a) statistically transforming Climate Forecast System (CFS)‐predicted June–November GOM 500‐hPa temperature (T500); and (b) applying a 0.284 multiplier, the climatological proportion of GOM versus North Atlantic TCs, to a representative, widely circulated North Atlantic‐wide forecast. Both methods perform skillfully, especially given their simplicity. Though warm T500 normally inhibits deep convection and is not generally considered among statistical TC forecasts, it is comparatively well represented by modeling systems. Additionally, T500 is well correlated with traditional, yet less accurately resolved, TC environmental parameters. While unfavorable to individual TCs, T500 generally (though indirectly) indicates several difficult‐to‐model physical aspects of more favorable GOM TC environments.
Topographic Asymmetry Across the Arctic
Authors: Zwieback Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAspect‐dependent differences in steepness provide insight into the fate and formation of permafrost‐affected landscapes, but the circum‐Arctic distribution of topographic asymmetry remains unknown. The maps derived here add nuance to the notion that periglacial conditions promote steeper north‐facing slopes. Only 20% of the area exhibits elevated north–south asymmetry, chiefly in rugged terrain. Across all moderate‐relief landscapes, there is a bell‐shaped trend with temperature. Steeper south‐facing slopes are common in very cold and cool regions. In between, steeper north‐facing slopes predominate. Despite multiple caveats, the bell‐shaped trend with temperature suggests controls that vary with climatic factors, including permafrost conditions. The bell‐shaped trend and observations of permafrost degradation further indicate that certain asymmetric transition‐zone landscapes are predisposed to enhanced geomorphic activity in a warming climate.
New Findings of the Sporadic E (Es) Layer Development Around the Magnetic Equator During a High‐Speed Solar (HSS) Wind Stream Event
Authors: Resende L. C. A. , Zhu Y. , Denardini C. M. , Batista I. S. , Shi J. , Moro J. , Chen S. S. , Conceição‐Santos F. , Da Silva L. A. , Andrioli V. F. , Muella M. T. A. H. , Fagundes P. R. , Carrasco A. J. , Pillat V. G. , Wang C. , Liu Z. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe equatorial (Esq) and blanketing (Esb) sporadic (Es) layers occur due to the Equatorial Electrojet Current (EEJ) plasma instabilities and tidal wind components, respectively. Both Esq and Esb layers can appear concurrently over some Brazilian equatorial regions due to the peculiar geomagnetic field configuration in this sector. Previous works indicate that the inclination angle limit for the Esq occurrence in ionograms is 7°. However, we found evidence that regions more distant can also experience such equatorial dynamics during disturbed periods. In this context, we deeply investigated this EEJ influence expansion effect by analyzing the Esq layers in regions not so close to the magnetic equator during a high‐speed solar wind stream event that occurred on May 05 and 06, 2018. To explain these atypical Esq layer occurrences, we considered the Es layer parameters obtained from digital ionosondes over the Brazilian regions, São Luís (dip: 9.5°), and Araguatins (dip: 10.5°). We use magnetometer data and a model named MIRE (E Region Ionospheric Model) to validate this mechanism. The results show that the eastward electric field of the Gradient Drift instability in the EEJ is effective during the magnetic storm main phase in the boundary equatorial magnetic sites, creating the Esq layers. Thus, the EEJ plasma irregularity superimposes the wind shear mechanism, changing the Es layer dynamics during disturbed periods over the magnetic equator boundary sites. Therefore, this work establishes new findings of the EEJ influence expansion dynamics in the Es layer formation over the Brazilian regions, which was considered in MIRE for the first time.