bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giulio Camillo’s Theatre of Knowledge Revisited
Authors: Seip Oscar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the Sixteenth Century, the Italian humanist Giulio Camillo built a ‘Theatre of Knowledge’ for the French King Francis I. Previous scholarship has debated whether this theatre was a physical place, a mental (mnemonic) space, or both. New archival evidence that has been overlooked in previous scholarship on Camillo, and his theatre, unequivocally proves for the first time that Camillo’s theatre had in fact been built in Paris. This invites a reconsideration of past reconstructions of the theatre and allows for the formulation of a new one. In this article, I have explored the hypothesis that Camillo’s theatre resembled an anatomy theatre. I have used 3D modelling and virtual reality in order to reconstruct some of the spatial features of Camillo’s theatre and explore how these insights further our understanding of his theatre in terms of historical and current practices surrounding the presentation of information and the invention of new knowledge.
Ideologies of Insurgency: A Comparison between Post-Colonial and Turkish Socialist Movements
Authors: Buçukcu Oner 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The independence movements that emerged during the decolonization process generally defined themselves as socialism. These movements, which built world-making approaches around emphasis on independence, anti-Westernism, and anti-imperialism, basically faced three problems: rapid development, the construction of the state apparatus, and the creation of a nation. These three problems facilitated the contact of these movements with nationalism. Another result of the process is that the military bureaucracy usually leads the “revolution” processes. These countries, which entered a rapid development process, albeit briefly, were followed carefully by the socialist left in Turkey. In the period between 1960–65, Turkish socialism attaches importance to post-colonial movements with all its colors. In the period between 1965 and 1971, the perspective on experiences in these countries began to differ. Three important reasons for this situation are as follows: The differentiation of Turkey’s social, political, and economic structure from countries in the de-colonization process, the translation of Marxist classics and the disappointment created by post-colonial movements. All three reasons are based on the fact that Turkey’s historical experience differs from countries that have just gained independence. In this context, the article compares Turkish socialism and post-colonial movements between 1960–1971 on an ideational basis. This is important to understanding the foundations of subversive activities in Turkey.
Non-Violence, Armed Struggle and Politics: A Conversation with Ronnie Kasrils
Authors: Jeenah Na’eem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on interviews with Ronnie Kasrils, a former anc military commander and former intelligence minister in South Africa, this article examines that country’s struggle against apartheid. It looks at the interplay between violent and non-violent forms of resistance, explains the reasons for the anc and other South African liberation movements adopting the armed struggle after almost half a century of commitment to non-violence, and discusses the dilemmas within the movement in trying to ensure that the military component of the struggle always remained subservient to the political. The article also looks at the development of the political underground in South Africa, and its role, together with the armed struggle, in effecting the end of apartheid. Kasrils also discusses the period of political negotiations in South Africa, from 1990 to 1994, and the relationship between that and on-the-ground struggles – both armed and unarmed.
Context of Latin American Protests from the Analysis in Networks
Authors: León Dayana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent protests in Latin America demand attention. Citizens made demands due to the impact of anti-popular measures, the discontent of popular sectors due to the weight of the crisis in their economy in times of pandemic, corruption, inequality and inequities and the fiscal deficit. In this process, the streets have been witness to the voice and the action of protestors.
Age-Related Injuries From Escalators
Authors: Caswell Shayne R. , Cash Chad , Gratton Andrew , Yon James , Colosimo Christina , Kubasiak John , Mentzer Caleb J. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction Escalators and moving stairways are omnipresent in modern life. No study to date has examined nationwide incidence and outcomes associated with injuries directly related to escalator use. The aim of this study was to describe the injury patterns, incidence, and disposition as it pertains to youth compared to adults. Methods Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data. The frequencies of categorical variables were calculated across the two age groups. Chi-squared test was performed on all categorical variables. Significance was defined as two-tailed P < 0.05. Logistic regression was used on variables that were determined to be significant from the frequency tables, with additional variable selection being used to arrive on a final model for each outcome. Results From 2009 to 2019, there were 810 youth and 3669 adults injured in escalator-associated emergency department visits. Incidence in the youth population decreased over time. Disposition was similar between groups. Injury types were similar among groups. White female adults were more likely to sustain injuries related to escalator use. Adult patients were also significantly more likely to sustain head/neck/facial trauma. Last, adult patients were found to be more likely to suffer a fatal event in comparison to the youth population. Discussion Differences in the injury patterns between youth and adult patients related to the use of escalators illustrate a need for improved injury prevention. Improved education and safety guidelines, particularly in individuals in ages 18 and up, would likely lessen the discrepancies between age groups identified in this study.
Clinicopathological Features of Remnant Gastric Cancer After Gastrectomy
Authors: Iwasaki Kenichi , Barroga Edward , Shimoda Yota , Enomoto Masaya , Yamada Erika , Miyoshi Kenta , Watanabe Takafumi , Ota Yoshihiro , Osaka Yoshiaki , Nakagawa Yuichi , Katsumata Kenji , Tsuchida Akihiko 
Published: November 2021

Background Remnant gastric cancer (RGC) encompasses all cancers arising from the remnant stomach. Various studies have reported on RGC and its prognosis, but no consensus on its surgical treatment and postoperative management has been reached. Moreover, the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes of RGC remains unclear. This study investigated the clinicopathological factors associated with the long-term survival of RGC patients. Methods The medical records (March 1993-September 2020) of 104 RGC patients from Tokyo Medical University Hospital database were analyzed. Of these 104 patients, the medical records of 63 patients who underwent surgical curative resection were analyzed using R. Kaplan-Meier plots of cumulative incidence of RGC were made. Differences in survival rates were compared using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression analysis ( P < .05). Results Of the 104 RGC patients, 63 underwent total remnant stomach excision. The median time from the first surgery to the total excision was 10 years. The 5-year survival rate of the 63 RGC patients was .55 ((95% CI); .417-.671). The clinicopathological factors that were significantly associated with the long-term outcome of the RGC patients were tumor diameter (≥3.5 cm), presence or absence of combined resection of multiple organs, tumor invasion (deeper than T2), TNM stage, and postoperative morbidity. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor invasion depth was the only independent prognostic factor for RGC patients [HR (95% CI): 5.49 (2.629-11.5), P ≤ .005]. Conclusions Among prognostic factors, tumor invasion depth was the only independent factor affecting RGC’s long-term outcome.
Effect of early enteral nutrition on critical care outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Mizuma Atsushi , Netsu Shizuka , Sakamoto Masaki , Yutani Sachiko , Nagata Eiichiro , Takizawa Shunya 
Published: November 2021

Objective Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a comorbidity of ischemic stroke related to clinical outcomes. Early enteral nutrition (EEN; within 48 hours) reduces the incidence of infection and length of intensive care unit (ICU)/hospital stay. The relationship between EEN and critical care outcomes, including SAP, in patients with ischemic stroke has been insufficiently studied. Methods We recruited 499 patients in this retrospective observational study. We evaluated SAP incidence within 14 days from admission. Patients were divided into an EEN group and a late EN group (LEN; start later than EEN). We compared groups regarding background and length of ICU/hospital stay. Results EN was started within 48 hours in 236 patients. SAP was diagnosed in 94 patients (18.8%), with most in the LEN group (28.1% vs. 8.5%). Median [interquartile range] lengths of hospitalization (22 [12–30] days vs. 35 [20–45] days) and ICU stay (4 [2–5] days vs. 6 [3–8] days) were longer in the LEN group. EEN reduced the incidence of SAP. By contrast, consciousness disturbance and worsening consciousness level increased the SAP incidence. Increased age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were associated with start of prolonged EN. Conclusions We found that EEN may reduce SAP risk.
Ulnar Neuritis and Its Affect on Outcomes of Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: De Giacomo Anthony F. , Keller Robert A. , Banffy Michael , ElAttrache Neal S. 
Published: November 2021

Background: No study has specifically evaluated how ulnar neuritis and ulnar nerve transposition affect outcomes in baseball players undergoing ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR). Purpose: To evaluate the effects of ulnar neuritis and ulnar nerve transposition in baseball pitchers undergoing UCLR in regard to return to sport, time to return to sport, and need for revision or additional surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: At a single institution, all consecutive baseball pitchers undergoing UCLR between 2002 and 2015 were identified. Ulnar neuritis was diagnosed preoperatively by the following criteria: ulnar nerve symptoms, Tinel sign at the elbow, symptomatic subluxation, and numbness/paresthesia in an ulnar nerve distribution of the hand. The primary outcome of the study was return to sport. The secondary outcomes of the study were time to return to sport, length of playing career, and revision or additional surgery. Results: A total of 578 UCLRs were performed in baseball players; of these, 500 UCLRs were performed in pitchers. Ulnar neuritis was diagnosed in 97 (19.4%) baseball pitchers presenting with UCL injury. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics or surgical techniques performed for reconstruction between baseball pitchers with and without ulnar neuritis. In review of injury characteristics, ulnar neuritis was significantly more likely to be diagnosed in pitchers with an acute onset of UCL injury ( P = .03). Transposition of the ulnar nerve was more commonly performed in players with ulnar neuritis (47%) versus those without ulnar neuritis (10%; P = .0001). The players who had ulnar neuritis and underwent UCLR had a significantly lower odds of returning to sport (odds ratio, 0.45; P = .04); however, no significant difference was found for time to return to sport and length of playing career for those with and without ulnar neuritis ( P = .38 and .51, respectively). Conclusion: The study suggests that ulnar neuritis, when present preoperatively in baseball pitchers undergoing UCLR, may adversely affect their ability to return to sport, whereas ulnar nerve transposition at the time of UCLR does not alter the ability to return to sport.
The effect of maternal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the pain response in offspring mice using formalin test
Authors: Ilani Mojtaba , Sajedianfard Javad , Tarlan Mitra , Nazifi Saeed , Fathi Mazyar 
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles on the pain response in offspring mice. 30 female mice with a mean ± SD weight of 30 ± 5 g were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (group 1) received only the basal diet; the sham group (group 2) received saline plus as a carrier (100 μL/mice) subcutaneously on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 post-mating; and the test group (group 3) received 100 μL/mice TNPs subcutaneously on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 post-mating. Offspring were divided into 6 groups 21 days after birth and underwent formalin test. Blood samples were taken to evaluate possible oxidative changes in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Exposure to TNPs significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased pain perception. Except for a significant difference between the sham group and the control group, MDA and TAC were not significantly different among the studied groups. Injection of TNPs to pregnant mice would affect the pain perception in their offspring. This may be attributable to the ability of these particles to pass through the placenta to produce free radicals.
Evaluating Incidence, Location, and Predictors of Positive Surgical Margin Among Chinese Men Undergoing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Qu Wugong , Yu Shuanbao , Tao Jin , Dong Biao , Fan Yafeng , Du Haopeng , Deng Haotian , Liu Junxiao , Zhang Xuepei 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To evaluate the incidence and locations of positive surgical margin (PSM) among Chinese men undergoing RARP and identify the preoperative predictors for PSM. Methods We retrospectively identified 393 patients who underwent RARP according to inclusion criteria by single surgeon in our hospital. PSM was defined as the presence of cancer adjacent to inked surface of the specimen and categorized into four groups based on locations: apex, posterolateral, base, and multifocal. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of overall and location-specific PSM. Results The overall PSM rate was 133/393 (34%). The PSM rates for pT2, pT3, and pT4 stage were 63/278 (23%), 50/89 (56%), and 20/26 (77%), respectively. The estimated rates for apical, posterolateral, basal, and multifocal PSM were 8%, 4%, 7%, and 14%, respectively. In univariate analysis, overall PSM related to tPSA, f/tPSA, percentage of positive needles, and Gleason score. Multifocal PSM correlated with smoking history, drinking history, tPSA, f/tPSA, percentage of positive needles, and Gleason score. In multivariate analysis, percentage of positive needles reminded the only independent predictor for overall (OR = 10.5, 95% CI: 2.58–44.4) and basal PSM (OR = 24.0, 95% CI: 3.22–179.4). The f/tPSA (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 2.18–5.71) and percentage of positive needles (OR = 31.0, 95% CI: 3.17–303) were independent risk factors for multifocal PSM. Conclusion The multifocal sites were the most common location of positive surgical margin, followed by apical and basal sites among Chinese patients undergoing RARP. The percentage of positive needles was an independent predictor for overall, basal, and multifocal PSM.
Prevalence and associated factors of dysglycemia among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zulkifli Khairil K , Mohamed Shah Fatimah Z , Ismail Ahmad I , Abdul Rahman Thuhairah H , Ghani Rohana A 
Published: November 2021

Objectives Dysglycemia is known to be a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, undiagnosed dysglycemia and the associated factors remain under-reported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of dysglycemia among COPD patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional, single-center study involving adults with established COPD ( n = 186) divided into those with or without hospital admissions for acute exacerbation. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in patients with no known history of dysglycemia. Results There were 16 patients who had overt diabetes, and 32 had prediabetes following the OGTT. Forty percent had histories of hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations. Both groups demonstrated similar 2-h post prandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose. The incidences of newly diagnosed dysglycemia were higher in both groups (40.8% vs 34.6%, p = 0.57). Cumulative days of admission (≥6 days/year) and weight (≥65 kg) were identified as predictors for dysglycemia within the study population. Discussion This study demonstrated a high number of overt and newly diagnosed dysglycemia among COPD patients who had no previous history of abnormal glucose. Recent acute exacerbations of COPD could have a negative impact on glycemia, although the results did not attain statistical significance. However, there is a need for adequate screening for dysglycemia, particularly among those with frequent acute exacerbations of their condition.
Exploring Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Mindfulness Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia: A Feasibility, Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Salmoirago-Blotcher Elena , Trivedi Dyuti , Dunsiger Shira , Harris Kristie , Breault Christopher , Yang Santos Cláudia , Walaska Kristen , Snyder Peter , Cohen Ronald 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This study sought to explore feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of aerobic training (AT), mindfulness training (MT), or both (MT + AT) on cognitive function in older individuals at risk of dementia. Method: Participants were randomized to AT, MT, both, or usual care (UC). Z-scores of attention, verbal fluency, and episodic memory for non-demented adults (ZAVEN) were computed at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and 6 months since baseline. Results: Of the 36 enrolled participants (12 M, 24 F, mean age = 70.1 years), 97% were retained in the study at 6 months. At EOT, MT had higher ZAVEN scores than UC (b = .43, P =.03) and AT (b = .26, P = .10), while no differences were seen with MT + AT. A similar pattern was observed at a 6 month follow-up (all P values = .10). Discussion: MT may improve cognitive function in older individuals at risk of dementia. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a fully powered RCT.
The role of directional atherectomy in critical-limb ischemia
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , Tarricone Arthur , Chen Simon , Sharma Samin 
Published: November 2021

Background: Our aim was to review the current literature of the use of directional atherectomy (DA) in the treatment of lower extremity critical-limb ischemia. Methods: A search for relevant literature was performed in PubMed and PubMed Central on 16 April 2020, sorted by best match. Three searches across two databases were performed. Articles were included that contained clinical and procedural data of DA interventions in lower extremity critical-limb ischemia patients. All studies that were systematic reviews were excluded. Results: Eleven papers were included in this review. Papers were examined under several parameters: primary patency and secondary patency, limb salvage/amputation, technical/procedural success, complications/periprocedural events, and mean lesion length. Primary and secondary patency rates ranged from 56.3% to 95.0% and 76.4% to 100%, respectively. Limb salvage rates ranged from 69% to 100%. Lesion lengths were highly varied, representing a broad population, ranging from 30 ± 33 mm to 142.4 ± 107.9 mm. Conclusions: DA may be a useful tool in the treatment of lower extremity critical-limb ischemia.
Differential receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in the uterus of rats following developmental exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A
Authors: Castro Lysandra , Liu Jingli , Yu Linda , Burwell Alanna D , Saddler Trey O , Santiago Lindsay A , Xue William , Foley Julie F , Staup Michael , Flagler Norris D , Shi Min , Birnbaum Linda S , Dixon Darlene 
Published: November 2021

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant that induces endometrial adenocarcinoma and other uterine tumors in Wistar Han rats; however, early molecular events or biomarkers of TBBPA exposure remain unknown. We investigated the effects of TBBPA on growth factor receptor activation [phospho-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)] in uteri of rats following early-life exposures. Pregnant Wistar Han rats were exposed to TBBPA (0, 0.1, 25, and 250 mg/kg bw/day) via oral gavage on gestation day 6 through weaning of pups on postnatal day (PND) 21. Pups were exposed in utero, through lactation, and by daily gavage from PND 22 to PND 90. Uterine horns were collected (at PND 21, PND 33, and PND 90) and formalin-fixed or frozen for histologic, immunohistochemical, phospho-RTK arrays, or western blot analysis. At PND 21, the phospho-RTKs, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and 3 (FGFR2 and FGFR3), neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (TRKC), and EPH receptor A1 (EPHA1) were significantly increased at different treatment concentrations. Several phospho-RTKs were also significantly overexpressed at PND 33 which included epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), insulin receptor (INSR), AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase (MERTK), platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta (PDGFRA and PDGFRB), ret proto-oncogene (RET), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 and 2 (TIE1 and TIE2), TRKA, kinase insert domain receptor (KDR;VEGFR2), fms related receptor tyrosine kinase (FLT4; VEGFR3), and EPHA1 at different treatment concentrations. EGFR, a RTK overexpressed in endometrial cancer in women, remained significantly increased for all treatment groups at PND 90. Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) and IGF1R were overexpressed at PND 33 and remained increased through PND 90, although ERBB2 was statistically significant at PND 90. The phospho-RTKs, FGFR3, AXL, TYRO3 protien tyrosine kinase (TYRO3; DTK), HGFR, TRKC, FLT1/VEGFR1, and EPHB2 and 4 were also statistically significant at PND 90 at different treatment doses. The downstream effector, phospho-MAPK44/42, was also increased in uteri of treated rats. Our findings show RTKs are dysregulated following early-life TBBPA exposures and their sustained activation may contribute to TBBPA-induced uterine tumors observed in rats later in life.