bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics‐informed anomaly and fault detection for wind energy systems using deep CNN and adaptive elite PSO‐XGBoost
Authors: Lee Chun‐Yao , Maceren Edu Daryl C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWind energy systems require fault diagnosis that identifies faults despite data inconsistencies. This study addresses challenges in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems for monitoring wind turbine conditions from imbalanced data representation and error vulnerability. It examines the efficacy of adaptive elite‐particle swarm optimization (AEPSO)‐tuned extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) on an imbalanced SCADA dataset for wind turbine fault classification. The methodology integrates the resampled dataset with t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding represented deep learning features. Employing AEPSO‐XGBoost classifier trained on merged SCADA and deep learning data from a physics‐informed deep convolutional neural network forms the basis of the fault (alarm) classification model. The AEPSO‐XGBoost regressor is validated across three distinct rear bearing temperature datasets, facilitating parameter optimization and model robustness. Also, this study explores supervised and unsupervised anomaly detection models using PDCNN and AEPSO‐XGBoost with rear‐bearing temperature data. Findings exhibit substantial fault classification and prediction enhancements by merging resampled SCADA data with deep learning features. Moreover, results show that applying AEPSO‐XGBoost can significantly improve anomaly detection metrics. Through AEPSO‐XGBoost's efficacy in enhancing fault prediction within imbalanced SCADA datasets, the study proposes an integrated framework for fault classification and anomaly detection as an innovative predictive maintenance system for wind energy systems.
Deriving the abundance distribution of HII galaxies using sulphur as tracer: Exploring the high-metallicity end
Authors: Gavilán M. , Díaz A. I. , Zamora S. 
Published: January 2025

Aims. The main objective of this work is to derive the distribution of the metal content of HII galaxies using sulphur as an abundance tracer. This increases the metallicity range that can safely be reached.
Methods. We selected a sample of emission-line galaxies that we extracted from the SDSS-DR16. These objects have a redshift of z ≤ 0.04 so that the [S III] λ 9069 Å emission line and Hβ equivalent widths that are higher than 10 Å in emission were included, and they are compact in appearance. We used the so-called direct method for objects with the electron-temperature-sensitive [S III] λ 6312 Å emission line, and an empirical method based on the S23 parameter. The last provided an abundance calibration that monotonically increased up to at least the solar value, and can be applied based on the spectral range from 6000 to 9500 Å alone.
Results. We show that the bias that is introduced when the [O III] λ 4363 Å line is required restricts the sample to objects with an [O III] electron temperature higher than 10 000K, and their temperature distribution is then rather narrow. For objects with determinations of te[S III], the distribution is flatter and wider, which fits a more realistic scenario better. For these objects, we calculated the ionic abundances of sulphur and their ratios. In all cases, S2+ was found to be the dominant ion, with a contribution greatly exceeding that of S+. This fact justifies the adoption te[S III] as the dominant temperature throughout the nebula, although in 20% of the objects, an estimated ionization correction factor is required. For the objects in the sample that required the detection of the [O III] λ 4363 Å line (sample 3) and [S III] λ 6312 Å, the distribution abundances as traced directly by oxygen and sulphur appear to be very similar to each other. The median values are 12+log(O/H) = 8.1 and 12+log(S/H) = 6.4, which corresponds to an S/O ratio of log(S/O) = −1.7 that is close to the solar value (−1.5). However, when the restriction for weak temperature-sensitive lines is relaxed, the abundance distribution is wider and the median value is 12+log(S/H) = 6.6. When the S/O ratio is assumed to be constant, the median sulphur abundance value found here would imply a median value of the oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H) = 8.3.
Conclusions. In summary, the abundance distributions traced by sulphur can reach reliable abundances up to the solar value at least and provide a more complete picture of the metallicity distribution of HII galaxies. The method presented here only involves the red part of the spectrum (between 6000 and 9600 Å), and the effect of reddening is weak there. Although the strong nebular [S III] lines shift beyond the far red spectral region for high-redshift objects, present-day infrared spectrographs can overcome this difficulty. Observations made with NIRSpec on board the JWST would be able to provide data for objects with redshifts between 0 and 4.24.
Investigating cannibalistic millisecond pulsar binaries using MESA: New constraints from pulsar spin and mass evolution
Authors: Misra Devina , Linares Manuel , Ye Claire S. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Compact binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with orbital periods ≲1 d are key to understanding binary evolution involving massive neutron stars (NSs). Due to the ablation of the companion by the rapidly spinning pulsar, these systems are also known as spiders and categorized into two main branches: redbacks (RBs; companion mass in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 M⊙) and black widows (BWs; companion mass ≲0.1 M⊙).
Aims. We present models of low- and intermediate-mass X-ray binaries and compare them with observations of Galactic spiders (including the presence or absence of hydrogen lines in their optical spectra), and we constrain and quantify the interaction between the pulsar and the companion.
Methods. Using MESA, we created the allowed initial parameter space. For the first time in MESA, we also included the detailed evolution of the pulsar spin and modeled the irradiation of the companion by the pulsar wind.
Results. Efficient mass accretion onto the NS (i.e., at least 70% of the mass transferred is accreted) with an X-ray irradiated disk followed by strong irradiation of the companion can explain most of the properties of the observed spiders. Our RB evolutionary tracks continue to the BW regime, connecting the two branches of spiders. Our models explain the lack of hydrogen in some observed BWs with ultra-light companions. During accretion induced spin up, the mass required to spin up an NS to sub-milliseconds is high enough to collapse it into a black hole. Finally, after analyzing the formation of RB-like spiders with giant companions and orbital periods of several days (huntsmen), we conclude that they are unlikely to produce super-massive NSs (maximum accreted mass ≲0.5 M⊙).
Conclusions. Cannibalistic MSP binary formation depends heavily on the interplay between accretion onto the pulsar and pulsar wind irradiation. Our work supports earlier claims that RBs evolve into BWs. We also show that the fastest spinning pulsars may collapse before reaching sub-millisecond spin periods.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for proximal colonic lesions: An effective therapeutic option
Authors: Alfarone Ludovico , Maselli Roberta , Hassan Cesare , Spaggiari Paola , Spadaccini Marco , Capogreco Antonio , Massimi Davide , De Sire Roberto , Mastrorocco Elisabetta , Repici Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to the greater risks of adverse events (AEs) and the lower rate of submucosal invasive cancer (SMIC), large proximal colonic polyps are frequently treated by piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the West. However, this implies the risk of surgery to radicalize non-curative endoscopic resection in case of early colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated procedure outcomes in patients undergoing ESD for proximal colonic lesions at risk of SMIC.All consecutive patients with lesions at risk of SMIC proximal to splenic flexure referred for ESD at a tertiary center were prospectively included from 2019 to 2021. En bloc, R0, and curative resection rates were primary outcomes, while length of hospitalization, AEs, need for surgery due to AEs, and recurrence rates were secondary outcomes.A total of 116 patients (mean age: 68.4±10.91 years; men: 69.8%) were included. En bloc, R0, and curative resection rates were 84.5%, 78.4%, and 72.4%, respectively. T1 adenocarcinoma was reported in 25% of lesions (29/116). Eleven patients (9.5%) underwent secondary surgery due to non-curative resections; residual disease was found in one patient. Most frequent AE was intra-procedural perforation (9.9%); no AE required surgery. Median follow-up was 36 months; three of 97 recurrences (3.1%) at 6 months and one of 85 recurrence (1.2%) at 36 months were reported, which were all endoscopically treated.In expert hands, ESD is effective and safe for proximal colonic lesions at risk of SMIC for the favorable balance between risk of AEs and benefit of avoiding unnecessary surgery, even for early CRC.
Divergent Presentation of GRIN2B Neurodevelopmental Disorder in Monozygotic Twins: Case Report with Unique Imaging Phenotypes
Authors: Avsenik Jernej , Benedik Mirjana P. , Rogač Mihael , Biswas Asthik , Sudhakar Sniya , D'Arco Felice , Löbel Ulrike , Mankad Kshitij 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe describe a set of monozygotic twins with Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate Type Subunit 2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder (GRIN2B-ND) who exhibited distinct clinical and imaging characteristics due to a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in the GRIN2B gene (c.2453T > C, p.Met818Thr). Twin A displayed extensive symmetric malformation of cortical development (MCD) resembling polymicrogyria, accompanied by shallow sulci, dilated lateral ventricles, and dysplastic appearances of the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, and hippocampi. In twin B, malformative features, such as reduced brain volume, MCD, shallow sulci, and dilated lateral ventricle, were confined to the left hemisphere. In combination with previously published data, our report highlights variable phenotypes associated with the p.(Met818Thr) pathogenic variant, specifically with a potential for asymmetric or even unilateral presentation. We discuss the potential interplay between genetic and environmental factors underlying this phenomenon within the context of monozygotic twins. In addition, we also highlight the importance of recognizing potential genetic underpinnings in the assessment of apparently unilateral brain malformations.
Career Paths of Young Fellowship-Trained Microsurgeons
Authors: Howell Christopher R. , Tierney Madeline G. , Westerfield Allen , Silva Amanda K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Microsurgery is a highly specialized field requiring years of dedicated training and proper support to sustain a practice. We sought to describe the career paths of young microsurgeons and investigate factors associated with switching jobs.
Methods Public data on surgeons who completed a microsurgery fellowship between 2016 and 2020 were collected. Analysis of job switching was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results One hundred and sixty-seven graduates were analyzed. Most initially practiced microsurgery (92.2%) and 61.7% went into academics. Fifty-two (31.4%) have switched jobs and Kaplan–Meier estimates that 36.0% will switch by 5 years into practice. Over half (58%) changed practice setting type, 19% left academics, and 12% stopped performing microsurgery.Gender, residency training type, taking a job where they trained, and the presence of a microsurgery fellowship had no effect on job switching (p = 0.74, 0.95, 0.71, 0.26). Surgeons in academics were significantly more likely to change jobs (p = 0.04).Gender, residency training type, or taking a job where they trained had no effect on leaving academics (p = 0.89, 0.42, 0.37). Taking a first job where a microsurgery fellowship was present was significantly associated with staying in academics (p = 0.04)
Conclusion Most microsurgery fellows take jobs performing microsurgery. Thirty-six percent will switch jobs in 5 years, more than half will change practice setting type, and about 20% will leave academics. A minority will stop performing microsurgery. Surgeons in academics are more likely to switch jobs. Taking a job where there is a microsurgery fellowship is significantly associated with staying in academics during the switch.
On the Importance of Data – Introducing Perspectives as New Manuscript Type to SYNLETT
Authors: Martin Ruben , van Gemmeren Manuel , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: January 2025

Ruben Martin was born in Barcelona (Spain) in 1976. After receiving his PhD at the Universitat de Barcelona with Prof. Antoni Riera, he moved in January 2004 to the Max-Planck-Insitut für Kohlenforschung (Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany), as a Humboldt postdoctoral fellow with Prof. Alois Fürstner, where he worked on iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In May 2005, he undertook further postdoctoral studies at the Massachusets Institute of Technology (USA) with Prof. Stephen L. Buchwald where he developed new metal-catalyzed C–C and C–N bond-forming reactions. In September 2008, he initiated his independent career as an Associate Professor and subsequently as ICREA Research Professor (Spain). His research interests concern the discovery and development of synthetically useful organometallic methodologies.
Manuel van Gemmeren was born in Madrid (Spain), and raised in both Spain and Germany. After studying chemistry at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (Germany) until 2010, he conducted his doctoral studies in the lab of Prof. Benjamin List and obtained his degree in 2014 (summa cum laude). Subsequently, he joined the group of Prof. Rubén Martín for postdoctoral studies. From 2016 onwards, he established his independent research group at the University of Münster (Germany). In 2022, he joined the Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry at Kiel University (Germany) as tenured professor for Organic Chemistry. Research in the van Gemmeren Lab focusses on the development of novel synthetic methods, typically based on Pd-catalyzed C–H activation, that enable challenging transformations to proceed with catalyst-controlled reactivity and selectivity.
Debabrata Maiti received his Ph.D. from John Hopkins University (USA) in 2008 under the supervision of Prof. Kenneth D. Karlin. After postdoctoral studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT; USA) with Prof. Stephen L. Buchwald (2008–2010), he joined the Department of Chemistry at IIT Bombay (India) in 2011, where he is currently Professor. His research interests are focused on the development of new and sustainable synthetic and catalytic methods.
Relationship between Neovascularization and Aortic Wall Enhancement in Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Ito Eisaku , Ohki Takao , Toya Naoki , Naganuma Hirokuni , Kawada Noriyasu , Muramatsu Koichi , Fukasawa Nei , Miyake Misayo , Maeda Miku , Shimoda Masayuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Aortic wall enhancement (AWE), evaluated with computed tomography angiography in Type B aortic dissection, is associated with aortic remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between AWE and pathological findings of the aortic wall using an aortic wall sample from a Type A aortic dissection (TAD).
Methods We examined patients with TAD treated between January 2012 and February 2023.
Results Twelve cases were examined pathologically: five cases in the hyperacute phase, three in the acute phase, and four in the subacute phase. AWE thickness significantly differed as time progressed (0 vs. 1.7 vs. 2.8 mm, p < 0.001). A significant increase in granulation was observed in the acute and subacute phases (0 vs. 761 vs. 423 µm, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a fibrous complex of internal adventitia (FCIA) developed on the medial side of the adventitia over time since its onset and was found to be thickened (175 vs. 415 vs. 1,078 µm, p < 0.001). The thickness of the granulation tissue and FCIA, where there was abundant neovascularization, was consistent with the thickness of the AWE.
Conclusion AWE was observed in TAD and increased as time progressed. FCIA and granulation tissue developed, and AWE reflected neovascularization at the adventitia.
Effect of Tiered Implementation of Clinical Decision Support System for Acute Kidney Injury and Nephrotoxin Exposure in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Justice Christopher M. , Nevin Connor , Neely Rebecca L. , Dilcher Brian , Kovacic-Scherrer Nicole , Carter-Templeton Heather , Ostrowski Aaron , Krafcheck Jacob , Smith Gordon , McCarthy Paul , Pincavitch Jami , Kane-Gill Sandra , Freeman Robert , Kellum John A. , Kohli-Seth Roopa , Nadkarni Girish N. , Shawwa Khaled , Sakhuja Ankit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Nephrotoxin exposure may worsen kidney injury and impair kidney recovery if continued in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).
Objectives This study aimed to determine if tiered implementation of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) would reduce nephrotoxin use in cardiac surgery patients with AKI.
Methods We assessed patients admitted to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit at a tertiary care center from January 2020 to December 2021, and August 2022 to September 2023. A passive electronic AKI alert was activated in July 2020, followed by an electronic nephrotoxin alert in March 2023. In this alert, active nephrotoxic medication orders resulted in a passive alert, whereas new orders were met with an interruptive alert. Primary outcome was discontinuation of nephrotoxic medications within 30 hours after AKI. Secondary outcomes included AKI-specific clinical actions, determined through modified Delphi process and patient-centered outcomes. We compared all outcomes across five separate eras, divided based on the tiered implementation of these alerts.
Results A total of 503 patients met inclusion criteria. Of 114 patients who received nephrotoxins before AKI, nephrotoxins were discontinued after AKI in 6 (25%) patients in pre AKI-alert era, 8 (33%) patients in post AKI-alert era, 7 (35%) patients in AKI-alert long-term follow up era, 7 (35%) patients in pre nephrotoxin-alert era, and 14 (54%) patients in post nephrotoxin-alert era (p = 0.047 for trend). Among AKI-specific consensus actions, we noted a decreased use of intravenous fluids, increased documentation of goal mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or higher, and increased use of bedside point of care echocardiogram over time. Among exploratory clinical outcomes we found a decrease in proportion of stage III AKI, need for dialysis, and length of hospital stay over time.
Conclusion Tiered implementation of CDSS for recognition of AKI and nephrotoxin exposure resulted in a progressive improvement in the discontinuation of nephrotoxins.
Preoperative and Postoperative Midline Index Ratio and Pre- and Postoperative Variation of the Hematoma Thickness Accurately Predict Surgical Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Novegno Federica , Fiorucci Giulia , Iaquinandi Andrea , Salvati Maurizio , Pesce Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common pathology in daily practice of neurosurgery. Surgical management usually offers a significant clinical recovery. However, the recurrence rate is still high. Several studies have suggested various factors associated with hematoma recurrence with no univocal results. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of early postoperative computed tomography (CT) examination to predict the need for reoperation.
Methods A retrospective review of 115 cSDH patients was performed. Clinical findings and pre- and early postoperative CT scan data were recorded. Univariable and bivariable analyses were performed to determine which of the studied factors were associated with an increased risk of reoperation. Their prognostic abilities were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.
Results Overall, 21 of 115 patients required a surgical revision. Among the comorbidities, diabetes mellitus represented the only factor related with hematoma recurrence (66.76 vs. 23.40%, p = 0.001). Preoperative hematoma density and postoperative residual hyperdensity on early CT scan emerged as significant predictors of cSDH recurrence (recurrence: 18/21, 85.7% vs. nonrecurrence: 17/94, 18.1%, p = 0.001). The ratios of post- and preoperative hematoma thickness (P) and post- and preoperative midline shift (Q) and their sum (K) were statistically higher in the recurrence group with cutoff values of 0.745, 0.555, and 1.135, respectively.
Conclusions Systematic early postoperative CT scan after cSDH evacuation may predict hematoma recurrence. In the present study, we found postoperative hyperdensity on CT scan and degree of hematoma variation after surgical evacuation to be the strongest predictors of the need for reoperation.
Surface induced crystallization/amorphization of phase change materials
Authors: Javanbakht Mahdi , Mohebbi Sajjad , Attariani Hamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surface-induced crystallization/amorphization of a Germanium-antimony-tellurium nanolayer is investigated using the phase field model. A Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equation introduces an external surface layer (ESL) within which the surface energy and elastic properties are adequately distributed. Next, the coupled GL and elasticity equations for the crystallization/ amorphization are solved. For the initial surface crystalline nucleus, unphysical crystallization along the ESL appears for the ESL width

Δ
ξ

⩾
2
nm

while oval growth occurs for

Δ

ξ

⩽
1

nm

. The ESL results in a faster surface nucleus growth than the sharp surface model but does not affect the crystallization rate inside the bulk. Initial homogeneous conditions cause a simultaneous crystallization in the bulk and later in the ESL. The ESL effect on amorphization is studied to determine the ESL width more precisely. For both the initial amorphous nucleus and homogenous conditions, the amorphization temperature shows a reduction from the sharp surface model to the ESL model with

Δ

ξ

=
0.5

nm

and then remains almost constant for larger

Δ

ξ

. Combining the above results gives

0.5
⩽

Δ

ξ

⩽
1

nm

as a proper range for the ESL width. The ratio of the effective ESL width to the interface width (

Δ

sat

/

Δ

η

) and the ratio of the difference between the surface energies of transforming phases to the surface energy of the initial phase (

Δ

γ

/

γ

in

) are considered crucial parameters in determining the ESL effect on the phase transformation and a linear relation as

Δ

sat

/

Δ

η

≅
6.235

Δ

γ

/

γ

in

is found based on current and previous works, which can help estimate the effective ESL width for any surface-induced transformations.