bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional and ethnomedicinal scenario of koumiss: A concurrent review
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Anjum Fatima , Waris Numra , Husaain Muzzamal , Ikram Ali , Ateeq Huda , Muhammad Anjum Faqir , Suleria Hafiz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFermented foods are an essential source of nutrition for the communities living in developing areas of the world. Additionally, traditional fermented products are a rich source of various bioactive components. Experimental research regarding the functional exploration of these products is a way forward for better human health. Among fermented foods, Koumiss is rich in vitamins especially vitamin C and minerals, i.e., phosphorus and calcium. In addition, it is also rich in vitamins A, E, B2, B12, and pantothenic acid. High concentrations of lactose in milk favor bacterial fermentation, as the original cultures decompose it into lactic acid. Koumiss contains essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acid. Koumiss offers many health benefits including boosting the immune system and maintains blood pressure, good effect on the kidneys, endocrine glands, gut system, liver, and nervous and vascular system. The rich microflora from the fermented product has a pivotal role in maintaining gut health and treating various digestive diseases. The core focus of the current review paper is to highlight the nutritional and therapeutic potential, i.e., anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemia effect, antioxidative properties, antibacterial properties, antibacterial spectrum, intestinal enlargement, and β‐galactosidase activity, of Koumiss as a traditional fermented product. Moreover, history and production technology of the Koumiss are also the main part of this review paper.
A critical review of the ecological status of lakes and rivers from Canada's oil sands region
Authors: Arciszewski Tim J. , Hazewinkel Roderick R. O. , Dubé Monique G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We synthesize the information available from the peer-reviewed literature on the ecological status of lakes and rivers in the oil sands region (OSR) of Canada. The majority of the research from the OSR has been performed in or near the minable region and examines the concentrations, flux, or enrichment of contaminants of concern (CoCs). Proximity to oil sands facilities and the beginning of commercial activities tend to be associated with greater estimates of CoCs across studies. Research suggests the higher measurements of CoCs are typically associated with wind-blown dust, but other sources also contribute. Exploratory analyses further suggest relationships with facility production and fuel use data. Exceedances of environmental quality guidelines for CoCs are also reported in lake sediments, but there are no indications of toxicity including those within the areas of the greatest atmospheric deposition. Instead, primary production has increased in most lakes over time. Spatial differences are observed in streams, but causal relationships with industrial activity are often confounded by substantial natural influences. Despite this, there may be signals associated with site preparation for new mines, potential persistent differences, and a potential effect of petroleum coke used as fuel on some indices of health in fish captured in the Steepbank River. There is also evidence of improvements in the ecological condition of some rivers. Despite the volume of material available, much of the work remains temporally, spatially, or technically isolated. Overcoming the isolation of studies would enhance the utility of information available for the region, but additional recommendations for improving monitoring can be made, such as a shift to site-specific analyses in streams and further use of industry-reported data. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:361–387. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
Contaminants of concern are often found at elevated concentrations adjacent to oil sands mines and some guidelines are occasionally exceeded in lakes and rivers. While site preparation and construction activities may influence streams, studies using upstream reference sites to detect change at the downstream exposure locations report differences but often cannot separate natural and anthropogenic causes. Paleolimnological reconstructions of biotic commuities from lake cores and contemporaneous collections of invertebrates from lakes do not show evidence of toxicity and instead often suggest increases in primary productivity or good ecological status. Preliminary analyses suggest relationships between on-site industry practices with deposition of contaminants in snow, and with health of fish.
Payout policy, managerial perquisites, and sticky SG&A costs
Authors: Smith Deborah Drummond 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSticky SG&A costs provide a novel opportunity to investigate whether payout policy serves as a remedy for management overspending on perquisites that are embedded in SG&A expenses. Payout policy, especially under strong governance, may reduce overspending. Another possibility is that management may use sales declines opportunistically to repurchase shares when sales are expected to rebound.MethodsRegression analysis is used to examine the effect of payout mechanisms (dividends, share repurchases, and combinations thereof) and shareholder rights (EIndex) to determine whether managerial overspending on perquisites is reduced through payout policy.ResultsThe results indicate that dividends and share repurchases are associated with reduced SG&A cost stickiness. Payout policy reduces sticky SG&A costs under both strong and weak governance, where dividend payout is significant only for firms with strong governance, and share repurchases primarily significant for firms with weak governance.ConclusionUnder strong governance, dividends are significantly associated with reduced SG&A cost stickiness, supporting agency theory. However, strongly governed dividend payers are only significant when they also repurchase shares. For the weak governance sample, dividends are not significant, but share repurchase is significantly associated with less sticky SG&A costs, consistent with weakly governed management repurchasing shares in times of lower sales to improve earnings per share, reduce SG&A expenses to improve net income, and fund the share repurchases.
One‐step green synthesis of nano‐sodalite zeolite and its performance for the adsorptive removal of crystal violet
Authors: Gilani Neda Salek , Tilami Salma Ehsani , Azizi Seyed Naser 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel approach for the synthesis of nano‐sodalite zeolite crystals is explored. Synthesized nanocrystals were then characterized successfully via various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). Then, the performance of nano‐sodalite zeolite was evaluated for its potential in the adsorptive removal of cationic crystal violet (CV) dye. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature, were investigated in batch mode. Also, the adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters were studied. The equilibrium sorption data were fitted better by the Freundlich isotherm than by the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic adsorption data obeyed the Lagergren pseudo‐second order model. Thermodynamic parameters analysis revealed that the adsorption of CV from an aqueous solution by nano‐sodalite zeolite was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results indicated that nano‐sodalite zeolite could be applied as a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of CV from aqueous solutions.
Analytical and clinical evaluation of a novel assay for measurement of interleukin 6 in human whole blood samples
Authors: Ye Zhicheng , Dong Niuniu , Liang Keqing , Hu Haixia , Xu Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin 6 assays are useful in early detection of infections and risk stratification of critically ill patients, so an assay with a short turnaround‐time and near‐patient use is preferred. This study evaluated the performance of a new interleukin 6 assay, Pylon IL‐6 assay, and explored its potential use in near‐patient settings.MethodsWe carried out imprecision, linearity and comparison studies using serum and plasma samples according to CLSI EP guidelines. The stability of whole blood samples during storage was assessed. Furthermore, whole blood samples from pediatric patients with suspected infection were measured to evaluate the assay's diagnostic performance.ResultsThe within‐run CVs and total CVs of Pylon IL‐6 assay were determined as 1.8% and 3.0% at 159.3 pg/ml and 3.5% and 4.7% at 8009.9 pg/ml, respectively. The method showed linearity between 1.5 and 42,854 pg/ml. The results of serum samples measured by Pylon assays correlated to those measured by Roche assays, as well as to those of matched whole blood samples measured by Pylon assays. IL‐6 in whole blood was found stable for ~8 h at room temperature. Pylon IL‐6 results of whole blood samples from 179 pediatric patients with suspected infection showed an AUC of 0.842 in diagnosis of bacterial infection. The turnaround time of Pylon IL‐6 assay was only 1 h when using whole blood samples.ConclusionThe new assay demonstrated performance comparable to those performed on clinical laboratory instruments and can be used in near‐patient settings with whole blood to reduce turnaround times.
Prospective trial to evaluate the prognostic value of different nutritional assessment scores for survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (NURIMAS Pancreas SURVIVAL)
Authors: Heckler Max , Klaiber Ulla , Hüttner Felix J. , Haller Sebastian , Hank Thomas , Nienhüser Henrik , Knebel Philip , Diener Markus K. , Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus W. , Probst Pascal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is associated with poor survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Nutritional scores show great heterogeneity diagnosing malnutrition. The aim of this study was to find the score best suitable to identify patients with malnutrition related to worse survival after surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study represents a follow‐up study to the prospective NURIMAS Pancreas trial that evaluated short term impact of nutritional score results after surgery.MethodsRisk of malnutrition was evaluated preoperatively using 12 nutritional assessment scores. Patients were followed‐up prospectively for at least 3 years. Patients at risk for malnutrition were compared with those not at risk according to each score using Kaplan–Meier survival statistics.ResultsA total of 116 patients receiving a PDAC resection in curative intent were included. Malnutrition according to the Subjective Global Assessment score (SGA), the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), and the INSYST2 score was associated with worse overall survival (SGA: at‐risk: 392 days; not at‐risk: 942 days; P = 0.001; SNAQ: at‐risk: 508 days; not at‐risk: 971 days; P = 0.027; INSYST2: at‐risk: 538 days; not at risk: 1068; P = 0.049). In the multivariate analysis, SGA (hazard ratio of death 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.34–3.47, P = 0.002) was associated with worse overall survival.ConclusionsMalnutrition as defined by the Subjective Global Assessment is independently associated with worse survival in resected PDAC patients. The SGA should be used to stratify PDAC patients in clinical studies. Severely malnourished patients according to the SGA profit from intensified nutritional therapy should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
Characterizing Fibrosis and Inflammation in a Partial Bile Duct Ligation Mouse Model by Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Liu Jia‐Yi , Cai Ye‐Yu , Ding Zhu‐Yuan , Zhou Zi‐Yi , Lv Min , Liu Huan , Zheng Li‐Yun , Li Lan , Luo Yong‐Heng , Xiao En‐Hua 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPartial bile duct ligation (PBDL) model is a reliable cholestatic fibrosis experimental model that showed complex histopathological changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of PBDL have not been well characterized.PurposeTo investigate the potential of MRI parameters in assessing fibrosis in PBDL and explore the relationships between MRI and pathological features.Animal ModelEstablished PBDL models.PopulationFifty‐four mice were randomly divided into four timepoints PBDL groups and one sham group.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T;MRIsequences includedT1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (FSE),T2‐weighted single shotFSE, variable flip angleT1mapping, multi‐echoSE T2mapping, multi‐echo gradient‐echoT2* mapping, and multi‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted imaging.AssessmentMRI examination was performed at the corresponding timepoints after surgery. Native T1, ΔT1 (T1native‐T1post), T2, T2*, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, histogram parameters (skewness and kurtosis), intravoxel incoherent motion parameters (f,D, andD*) within the entire ligated (PBDL), non‐ligated liver (PBDL), and whole liver (sham) were obtained. Fibrosis and inflammation were assessed in Masson and H&E staining slices using the Metavir and activity scoring system.Statistical TestsOne‐way ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFibrosis and inflammation were finally staged as F3 and A3 in ligated livers but were not observed in non‐ligated or sham livers. Ligated livers displayed significantly elevated native T1, ΔT1, T2, and reduced ADC and T2*than other livers. Spearman's correlation showed better correlation with inflammation (r = 0.809) than fibrosis (r = 0.635) in T2 and both ΔT1 and ADC showed stronger correlation with fibrosis (r = 0.704 andr = −0.718) than inflammation (r = 0.564 andr = −0.550). Area under the curve (AUC) for ΔT1 performed the highest (0.896). When combined with all relative parameters, AUC increased to 0.956.Data ConclusionMultiparametric MRI can evaluate and differentiate pathological changes in PBDL. ΔT1 and ADC better correlated with fibrosis while T2 stronger with inflammation.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Study of vibrational properties of Bi2 − xMnxTe3 nanocrystals in host glass: Effect of xMn‐concentration
Authors: dos Santos Silva Alessandra , Guimarães Éder Vinícius , Cano Nilo Francisco , da Silva Ricardo Souza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Raman and infrared (IR) active lattice vibrations of xMn‐concentration Bi2 − xMnxTe3 nanocrystals (NCs) as a dopant in semiconductor Bi2Te3 nanocrystals grown in a host glass matrix, whose symmetries correspond to the
space group, are investigated by Raman scattering. Transmission electron microscopy images confirm the formation of Bi2 − xMnxTe3 nanocrystals with an average size of around 5.4 nm. The observation of the six hyperfine structure lines in electron paramagnetic resonance spectra confirms the incorporation of Mn2+ ions in Bi2Te3 nanocrystals. The vibrational modes of quintuple layer (QL) of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Bi2 − xMnxTe3 nanocrystals are modified in relation to pure Bi2Te3 nanocrystals. The appearance of the
(95.5 cm−1),
(114 cm−1), and
(103 cm−1) IR‐active modes is mainly due to quantum size effects. Indeed, the redshifts of the
(95.5 cm−1),
(103 cm−1),
(110 cm−1),
(114 cm−1), and
(141 cm−1) vibrational modes give strong indications of the substitutional and interstitial incorporation of Mn2+ in the Bi2Te3 crystalline structure. In addition, the Raman spectra show the formation of Bi2OTe2 semiconductor due to the appearance of the (123 cm−1) mode. The investigation of the Bi2 − xMnxTe3 nanocrystal has promising potential to design new devices with magnetic and optical properties adjusted according to the xMn‐concentration.
An accurate porosity‐velocity‐concentration approach for solving reactive mass transport problems involving chemical dissolution in fluid‐saturated porous media with arbitrarily initial porosity distributions
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs Bruce , Ord Alison 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents an accurate porosity‐velocity‐concentration approach, in which porosity, pore‐fluid velocity and the concentration of dissolvable substances in the pore fluid are selected as four primary unknown variables for solving reactive mass transport problems involving chemical dissolution in fluid‐saturated porous media with arbitrarily initial porosity distributions. The first advantage of using the proposed approach is that since pore‐fluid velocity, instead of pore‐fluid pressure, is selected as the primary unknown variable to describe the pore‐fluid flow process, the pore‐fluid velocity obtained from the proposed approach is more accurate than that obtained from the numerical simulation, in which pore‐fluid pressure is selected as the primary unknown variable to describe the pore‐fluid flow. The second advantage of using the proposed approach is that because the property matrices of a four‐node rectangular element are precisely calculated in a purely mathematical way, the overall accuracy of numerical solutions can be ensured. After the proposed approach is verified by a benchmark problem, it has been applied for solving reactive mass transport problems involving chemical dissolution in fluid‐saturated porous media with three different kinds of initial porosity distributions. It has been demonstrated that: (1) the proposed approach can produce highly‐accurate numerical solutions for solving reactive mass transport problems involving chemical dissolution in fluid‐saturated porous media with arbitrarily initial porosity distributions; (2) the initial porosity distribution in a porous medium can have remarkable effects on the reactive mass transport process in the porous medium; (3) the porosity and dimensionless concentration fronts propagate from the entrance to the exit of the problem domain, which is identical to the pore‐fluid flow direction.
Registered nurses’ experience as disaster preparedness coordinators during a major incident: A qualitative study
Authors: Murphy Jason P. , Hörberg Anna , Rådestad Monica , Kurland Lisa , Rüter Anders , Jirwe Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore registered nurses’ experiences as disaster preparedness coordinators of hospital incident command groups’ during a major incident.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using semi‐structured interview.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on one focus group discussion and six individual follow‐up interviews. Participants were registered nurses in their capacity as disaster preparedness coordinators with experience from Major Incident simulations and a real‐life Major Incident. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used for reporting the findings.ResultsThe analysis of data generated the main category: Expectations, previous experience and uncertainty affect hospital incident command group response during a Major Incident and three categories, (I) Gaining situational awareness (containing two subcategories), (II) Transitioning to management (containing three subcategories) and (III) Actions taken during uncertainty (containing two subcategories).
Effect of hydroxyapatite content and particle size on the mechanical behaviors and osteogenesis in vitro of polyetheretherketone–hydroxyapatite composite
Authors: Li Shuai , Wang Tianyu , Hu Jiqiang , Wang Bing , Li Yingze , Wang Lianchao , Li Gao , Zhang Jialin , Zhou Zhengong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPoly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) possesses excellent biocompatibility and similar elastic modulus as bones but suffers from poor osseointegration; usually, the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) is considered as an effective way to improve the osseointegration of PEEK implant interface. To investigate the effect of HA content and particle size on the mechanical behaviors and osteogenesis in vitro of PEEK‐HA composites, the PEEK‐HA specimens with variable HA content and particle size have been fabricated by powder mixing‐heat press method and characterized by mechanical and biological tests. The results showed that the tensile/bending strength and elongation at break of PEEK‐HA are significantly impaired as the increasing HA amount, but the modulus improves. The compressive strength and modulus are improved as the increasing amount of HA. The PEEK‐HA with smaller HA particle size possesses higher‐performance tensile/bending and lower‐performance compressive properties. In osteogenesis tests in vitro, the results reveal that the cells amount attached on the substrate rises and the cells flatten more evenly with numerous cytoplasmic processes on greater area with the increasing HA content and decreasing particle size. The PEEK‐HA group that HA content is 20 wt% and particle size is 20 nm exhibits optimal‐performance osteogenesis in vitro, while maintaining sufficient mechanical properties.
Frequency of anxiety and depression and screening performance of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale in a psycho‐oncology clinic
Authors: Valentine Alan , Brown Jessica , Lacourt Tamara , Chen Minxing , De La Garza Richard , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to determine the frequency of screening instrument‐detected depression and anxiety in outpatients on initial presentation to a consultation psychiatric oncology clinic. The secondary objectives were to identify characteristics associated with depression and anxiety among these patients, and to determine the optimal cut‐off score for the ESAS‐Anxiety (ESAS‐A) and ESAS‐Depression (ESAS‐D) items, using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and the General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7) as a gold standard in cancer patients.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted for 1221 consecutive cancer patients seen in the Psychiatric Oncology Center as an initial consult between June 1, 2014 and January 31, 2017.ResultsWhen the cutoff was 10 for the PHQ‐9 and the GAD‐7, 60% of patients self‐reported depression and 51% self‐reported anxiety. When the cutoff was 15 (severe symptom) for the PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7, approximately 30% and 27% of the patients had severe depression or anxiety, respectively. Age and gender were found to be associated with anxiety. An ESAS cutoff value of ≥3 for depression and ≥5 for anxiety resulted in sensitivity of 0.84 and 0.85 when using PHQ 9 ≥ 10 for depression and GAD 7 ≥ 10 for anxiety, respectively.ConclusionsSelf‐reported depression and anxiety are frequent symptoms among patients at a psychiatric oncology center for an initial visit. ESAS‐A and ESAS‐D have good sensitivity for anxiety and depression screening of cancer patients.