bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation the Effectiveness of Duloxetine in Quality of Life and Symptoms of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Salehian Razieh , Mokhtare Marjan , Ghanbari Jolfaei Atefeh , Noorian Rouhallah 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Selective norepinephrine-serotonin receptor inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine have already shown beneficial effects on symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy of duloxetine in the symptom and quality of life improvement in diarrhea predominant-IBS (IBS-D) patients.

Materials and Methods:
IN a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study, sixty patients diagnosed with IBS-D (ROM-IV criteria), referred to the gastrointestinal clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital of Iran university of medical sciences, randomly assigned in the treatment groups, group A: patients who received 135 mg mebeverine tablet twice a day combined with 30 mg duloxetine capsule per day and group B, who received the same regimen, except for placebo capsule once per day instead of duloxetine for twelve weeks. The assessment was performed using the IBS severity index, and IBS quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOF) at baseline, and weeks 4, 8, and 12 after beginning the treatment. Drug adverse effects and compliance to treatment were evaluated every 2 weeks after starting the treatment.

Results:
Sixty patients completed the trial. The duloxetine group showed significantly greater improvement on the IBS symptoms (P < 0.001), and the IBS-QOF (P < 0.001) in comparison to the placebo group at the endpoint.

Conclusions:
This study showed that adding duloxetine to mebeverine is safe with good efficacy on symptoms and QOL improvement in IBS-D patients. Besides, this study showed that 12 weeks' treatment duration is significantly more effective than 4 weeks' treatment, and drug adverse effects are more prominently seen in the first 2 weeks of treatment.
Prevalence of herpes virus in chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Abooj Jai , Varma Siddhartha A 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Unfavorable modifications of tooth and its surrounding structures result in periodontal complications. Viruses, in specific herpes virus, are known to increase disease severity in periodontal patients. Periodontitis is known to be more established in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients. Hence, the detection of the viral load, its effect on the prevalence of periodontitis and the glycemic control status of patients are to be evidenced. The study aimed to reveal the association of herpes virus with periodontal parameters and its prevalence in DM2 patients.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study involved a total of 120 patients falling into three groups; Group I (healthy), Group II (periodontitis without DM2) and Group III (periodontitis with DM2) were subjected for sampling. Subgingival samples of periodontitis patients were tested for clinical parameters, and DNA extraction was performed. The presence of herpes virus (Epstein–Barr virus [EBV-1] and human Cytomegalovirus [HCMV]) was detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction primers. Glycemic status of patients was recorded as glycosylated hemoglobin and scored accordingly. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the association between the categorical variables, and t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test/analysis of variance/Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous data.

Results:
Significant levels of EBV-1 were detected in Group III (n = 21, 52.5%), followed by Group II (n = 16, 40%) and Group I (n = 2, 5%) (P < 0.0001). HCMV was not detected. A significant association of EBV-1 to periodontal site-specific parameters was observed in Group II patients (P < 0.05). EBV-1 was predominant with poor glycemic status patients.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that the incidence of herpes virus infection in periodontal patients was higher in diabetic patients and the examined patients were prone to EBV-1 infections.
Reliability of odontometric parameters in stature analysis
Authors: Ramya K , Deshpande Ashwini , Deepika A D N , Rayudu G Subba , Pendyala Siva Kumar , Kondreddy Kameswari 
Published: June 2021

Background:
To emphasize the role of odontometric parameters which may be used as a reliable forensic tool especially in cases with partial remains of the individual

Aim:
To assess the reliability of odontometric parameters in stature analysis

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 100 patients (50 male and 50 Female). Mesiodistal width of anterior teeth, inter-canine width, Inter-premolar width and maxillary arch length were the parameters included. The results were tabulated with a linear regression formula obtained for each parameter.

Statistical Analysis:
The data collected was statistically analysed using SPSS version 20 and a linear regression formula was obtained thereafter.

Results:
Mesio-distal widths of individual maxillary canines, total mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors and arch length showed a significant co-relation with stature. The combined linear regression formula was obtained for all parameters.

Conclusion:
Odontometric parameters of mesio - distal widths of individual maxillary canines, total mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors and arch length can be used as reliable parameters for stature analysis.
Serum aflatoxin B1 antibody titer, percent hemolysis and transaminases in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Bhowate Rahul R , Lohe Vidya K , Meshram Mrunal Ghusaji , Dangore Suwarna B 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Areca nut is deeply rooted sociocultural habit in India. Areca nut reported to be infested by fungi during the field and storage conditions. Areca nut alkaloids, nitrosamines, tobacco and aflatoxin are cytotoxic, immunotoxic to red blood cell and epithelial cell. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the serum aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) antibody titer, percent hemolysis and transaminases in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 128 participants of which 88 were suffering from OSMF. Twenty participants were areca nut habitual without OSMF (habitual control) and 20 participants without any habit (healthy control). For the detection of AFB1 antibody titer, AFB1 antigen (Sigma) A6636 from Aspergillus flavus was used. Percent hemolysis was estimated as per the procedure described by Mathuria and Verma. Serum Glutamic oxalo acetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were estimated by the optimized ultraviolet method using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results:
Mean SGOT, SGPT, percent hemolysis and AFB1 antibody titer were significantly higher in participants with OSMF than the habitual and healthy controls. AFB1 antibody titer and % hemolysis in both OSMF and habitual without OSMF were showed significant correlation, i.e., increased AFB1 antibody titer with increased % hemolysis.

Conclusions:
A study result demonstrates that aflatoxin causes increase in serum transaminases which is indicative of liver damage in OSMF. The combined toxic effects of areca nut alkaloids, tobacco and AFB1 on red blood cell (RBC) cell wall might be responsible for increased percent hemolysis in OSMF and habitual control.
Toward developing natural histologic stains using anthocyanins
Authors: Sachdev Sanpreet Singh , Chettiankandy Tabita Joy , Sonawane Sarang Gautam , Sardar Manisha Ahire , Kende Prajwalit Prakash , Pakhmode Vivek 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
In the present-day scenario, wherein histotechnological laboratory personnel come into contact with numerous hazardous chemicals every day, laboratories are emphasizing on development of safer and environment-friendly alternatives globally which are easily available and feasible. In this context, we have attempted to utilize anthocyanins, a family of pigments naturally occurring in fruits and flowers and which are already used as natural food colorants, for assessing their utility as histological stains.

Materials and methods:
Juices of thin consistency from well-ripened pomegranates were obtained by using a juicer with blender functions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded 4 μm thin sections were immersed in this solution for 2 h, during which the solution was periodically monitored. Several modifications were attempted such as the addition of Citrus limon (lemon) extract or acetic acid, change in orientation of the slides and refrigeration of the solution during the staining procedure.

Results:
A peculiar pattern of reasonably diagnostic staining was observed in which the basal and suprabasal cells, basement membrane, inflammatory cells and collagen fibers stained prominently with a magenta color. The addition of lemon, horizontal orientation of slides and refrigeration each separately led to an improvement in staining characteristics. The addition of 4% acetic acid and refrigeration of the solution each led to an improvement in longevity of the staining solution.

Conclusion:
Anthocyanins could potentially be used as viable histological stains having advantages of availability, feasibility, color stability and nontoxicity, although numerous modifications to improve longevity of staining solution and staining characteristics are warranted by further research for which the present study could serve as a pretext.
Scanning electron microscope characterization of noncarious cervical lesions in human teeth
Authors: Worawongvasu Ratthapong 
Published: June 2021

Aims:
Abfraction is a theoretical process whereby occlusal forces create microfractures in enamel and dentin along the cervical area and predispose it to erosion and abrasion, forming noncarious cervical lesions. However, the theory is not yet proven. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of abfraction as an etiology of these lesions.

Materials and Methods:
Ten human premolars with these lesions from 10 patients requiring tooth extraction, one tooth from each patient, were used in this study. After extractions, all teeth were stored in 10% formalin until required, then prepared routinely for scanning electron microscopy.

Results:
In all 10 teeth, at low magnification, noncarious cervical lesions appeared as crescent-shaped lesions. The upper edges of the lesions were on the enamel surfaces and their lower edges were on the cemental surfaces. In four teeth, the lesions showed evidence of microfractures characterized by the presence of fracture lines and fracture surfaces. In addition, in the first tooth of these teeth, the surface was also covered by a network of poorly fixed collagen fibers. In the third tooth, linear scratches, the openings of the dentinal tubules, a dentin matrix which consisted of a network of poorly fixed collagen fibers, and numerous dentinal tubules were also observed. In the remaining six teeth, they showed linear scratches, and the presence of the dentinal tubules or the exposed collagen fibers.

Conclusions:
It appears that abrasion and erosion are associated etiologic factors in forming noncarious cervical lesions and an ultrastructural finding that supports the abfraction theory of these lesions is observed.
Prevalence of oral neurofibroma in Central Indian population
Authors: Gosavi Suchitra R , Jain Riya S , Datarkar Abhay 
Published: June 2021

Context:
Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Commonly found in the peripheral soft tissues, it can manifest as a solitary mass or as a component of neurofibromatosis.

Aims:
The purpose of the retrospective cross-sectional study was contributing to the literature by providing data about the prevalence of oral neurofibroma in Central Indian population.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:
All histopathologically diagnosed cases of oral neurofibroma were retrieved from the archives of our department and were reviewed. All the cases that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed in terms of the year when the patient reported, patient's age, gender, location of the lesion, i.e., soft tissue or intraosseous, clinical appearance, i.e., growth or swelling, histopathologic diagnosis and immunohistochemistry results if available. The results were aggregated and described qualitatively using Microsoft Excel 2013.

Results:
In our retrospective analysis of 20 years (2000–2019), we came across 14 reported cases of oral neurofibroma, in five males and nine females. Two of these cases showed a recurrent nature and one case showed transformation into atypical neurofibroma. Two cases were encountered in the mandible as an intraosseous oral neurofibroma.

Conclusions:
In our study, we found that oral neurofibroma was more common in the third decade with a female predilection. Gingiva was the most common site. Of the 14 cases that were encountered, two cases showed recurrence and one case showed malignant transformation. Hence, in spite of being a benign neoplasm, oral neurofibroma is locally aggressive and should be diagnosed accurately.
Tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Mukherjee Anupama , Spadigam Anita , Dhupar Anita 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a modulator of tumor behavior was acknowledged by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2011 as the emerging hallmarks and enabling characteristics of the hallmarks of cancer. Subsequently, the role of inflammation, in conferring aggressiveness to a tumor, was regarded as a fundamental process in the evolution of the TME. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are distinctly polarized inflammatory cells and key shapers of a protumorigenic microenvironment.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of TAMs and the expression of CD-163 as a marker to evince tumor aggressiveness, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Settings and Design:
A retrospective institutional study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and random sampling was carried out. Cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to S(site), T(tumor), N(node), M(metastasis), P(pathology) STNMP staging along with immunohistochemical evaluation of CD-163.

Methods:
Samples for this study included 58 archival cases of OSCC. Demographic details were recorded, and the STNMP stage ascertained, following which, each case was reevaluated histopathologically for the invasive front. Cases with sufficient stroma and demonstrating the invasive front were further subjected to immunohistochemical evaluation of CD-163 for TAMs. The density of CD-163-positive cells was assessed by three pathologists, independently, in a double-blinded evaluation using Image-J©.

Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive data were evaluated and analyzed statistically using Spearman's/Pearson's correlation tests based on the distribution of data.

Results:
The density of TAMs was noted to be directly proportional to the STNMP stage. In addition, a strong positive, statistically significant correlation was noted between the density of TAMs and tumor size, nodal status and STNMP stage.

Conclusion:
The crucial role of the tumor microenvironment must be considered when evaluating OSCC. TAMs prove to be a reliable marker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and could aid in improved prognostication of OSCC, while also being potential targets for therapy.
Comparative evaluation of the concentration-dependent effect of proton-pump inhibitor in association with calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Anija R , Kalita Chandana , Bhuyan A C , Hussain M D Iftikar , Saikia Anindita , Das Lima 
Published: June 2021

Background:

Enterococcus faecalis is the most persistent organism in the root canal which resists most of the intracanal medicaments. There is always a constant attempt to eliminate this endodontic pathogen from the root canal system.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the association of different concentrations of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) (Lansoprazole) with calcium hydroxide (CH) and chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis using a broth dilution method.

Materials and Methods:

E. faecalis was inoculated into brain–heart infusion broth at 37°C for 5 h. The master broth was then treated with CH (Group 1); CH + 2% CHX (Group 2); CH + PPI 6.25 μg/ml (Group 3A); CH + PPI 25 μg/ml (Group 3B); 2% CHX + PPI 6.25 μg/ml (Group 4A); 2% CHX + PPI 25 μg/ml (Group 4B); CH + 2% CHX + PPI 6.25 μg/ml (Group 5A), and CH + 2% CHX + PPI 25 μg/ml (Group 5B). The groups were spectrophotometrically analyzed at 630 nm at 24 h to determine the group with the least optical density.

Statistical Analysis:
Comparison between the groups was done by the one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis test for multiple comparisons.

Results:
The mean percentage inhibition of E. faecalis by Group 5A (CH + 2% CHX + PPI 6.25 μg/ml) was the highest compared to other groups. The lowest mean value was observed in Group 3A (CH + PPI 6.25 μg/ml) indicating least efficiency.

Conclusion:
There was a concentration-dependent effect of PPI on CH and CHX against E. faecalis. The maximum efficacy was found when the lower concentration of PPI was associated with CH/CHX mixture.
Broder versus Bryne's histologic grading parameters on incision biopsy specimens
Authors: Vijayakumar Gopikrishnan , Sharma Gitika , Narwal Anjali , Kamboj Mala 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Various histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma has been contributed to the literature at different periods, but the reliability of such grading systems is controversial. This study attempted to measure the efficacy of Bryne's parameters on the full thickness of incisional biopsies which are representative of the original lesion with the proven molecular malignancy markers P53 and Ki67.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred incisional biopsy specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were obtained and histologically graded according to Broder's grading system. The same was graded using Bryne's parameters on full thickness of obtained incision sample. Immunohistochemistry was carried out for both p53 and Ki67.

Results:
We found a high discrepancy in the grading of lesions with Broader as well as Bryne grading parameters within the same lesion. When compared with the molecular expression percentages of p53 and Ki67, highly significant correlation was found in Bryne's parameters (Pearson Chi-square, P value 0.000) in incisional biopsies than Broder's.

Conclusion:
The use of parameters by Bryne on invasive front of excision biopsies can provide significant grading on incisional biopsies which are more comparable to the molecular behavior of tumor given by the p53 and Ki67 expression.
Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of epithelial– mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin, Twist and Snail in oral submucous fibrosis and their possible association with malignant transformation
Authors: Hosur Mahadevi B , Puranik Rudrayya S , Vanaki Shrinivas S , Puranik Surekha Rudrayya , Sudhakara M , Das Sushma 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant condition of the oral mucosa, predominantly seen in people of Asian descent. The reported malignant transformation rate of OSMF is 7%–13%. In the context of the understanding progression of OSMF, the study of prime molecular expressions is essential. Various markers have received more attention, one of them is E-cadherin. Various factors which promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibit E-Cadherin include Snail1, Snail2, Twist and EF1/ZEB1. The intended study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of E-cadherin and its regulatory markers Twist1 and Snail1 in OSMF.

Aims and Objectives:

Materials and Methods:
Histologically proven 20 cases of each OSMF with and without dysplasia were taken as the study group, 20 normal mucosa as control group and were subjected for immunohistochemical (IHC) expression with E-cadherin, Twist1 and snail1.

Results:
Immunohistochemical expression of all the three markers showed statistically significant expression of all the three markers. Intensity and percentage of staining between the groups were statistically significant for E-cadherin between normal oral mucosa (NOM) and OSMF with dysplasia (OSMFD), no significance was found between NOM and OSMF, whereas Snail1 and Twsit1 were statistically significant between NOM and OSMF and also between NOM and OSMFD. However, no significance was found for all the three markers when compared between the groups OSMF and OSMFD.

Conclusion:
The increased expression of Snail1 and Twist1 with concomitant loss of E -cadherin in OSMF suggests the role of the EMT.
Cytomorphometric analysis of squames obtained from normal mucosa, leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Suresh T , Bastian T Sabastian , Mujib B R Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Exfoliative cytology is becoming increasingly important in the early diagnosis of oral cancers, as a procedure for obtaining cell samples, which can be analyzed by sophisticated diagnostic techniques. Quantitative techniques, based on the evaluation of parameters such as nucleus area, cytoplasm area and nucleus-to-cytoplasm area ratio, may increase the sensitivity of exfoliative cytology for early diagnosis of oral cancers, since these techniques are precise, objective and reproducible.

Objectives:
This study was undertaken to employ the cytomorphometric quantitative techniques to determine the value of exfoliative cytology and to assess this method to analyze the effectiveness in providing additional diagnostic test for the detection of early oral malignancy.

Materials and Methods:
The study consisted of three groups. The experimental group comprised of 20 subjects with oral leukoplakia and 20 subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. The control group comprised of 10 apparently healthy subjects. They were subjected to clinical examination and cytosmear of the buccal mucosa. A standard wooden tongue spatula/metal spatula moistened with normal saline was used to obtain scrapings of buccal mucosa. The scrapings were spread on plain glass slides and immediately fixed in Biofix spray, followed by staining with the Papanicolaou technique. Then, the microscopic pictures were captured onto a computer and are cytomorphometrically analyzed using an image analyzer. Since this study involved multiple groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing the parameters for multiple groups. Where significant difference was seen, the ANOVA test was followed by Mann–Whitney test, for pairwise comparison.

Results:
The mean count of nuclear area and nuclear diameter showed an increase from Group I to Group II, Group I to Group III and Group II to Group III, which was statistically significant. The mean count of cell area and cell diameter showed a decrease from Group I to Group II, Group I to Group III and Group II to Group III, which was statistically significant. The mean count of nuclear/cytoplasm area ratio showed an increase from Group I to Group II, Group I to Group III and Group II to Group III, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
With the advancements in the field of quantitative exfoliative cytology, interest in oral cytology has once again emerged in the diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Computer-aided analysis with the sophisticated software increases the speed and accuracy of cytological measurements, which are repeatable. These versatile systems facilitate quantitative oral cytological assessments, which may become a viable procedure for the early detection of oral premalignancy and malignancy.