bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Hydrology of Agricultural Landscapes: Quantitative Description, Research Methods, and Availability of Soil Water
Authors: Shein Ye. V. , Bolotov A. G. , Dembovetskii A. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Soil hydrology has deep Russian roots, which are primarily related to the theory of soil hydrological constants and their practical application. These constants have been used to assess the hydrological soil conditions in stationary observations, for which attempts to arrange regular hydrological observations in the landscape faced impracticable complexity of work and calculations and provided unreliable quantitative predictions. At present, there are new opportunities for experimental research, digital analysis, and prediction of hydrological indicators of soils in the landscape. A new quantitative approach to the use of digital technologies for monitoring soil water and temperature in the soils of agricultural landscapes, their dynamics, and their probabilistic calculations has been developed. Based on the soil map, it is proposed to create an information and measurement system with the studied thermal and hydrophysical characteristics of soils using mathematical models to calculate the dynamics of moisture and temperature for given periods and conditions of different availability of heat and precipitation, which allows us to quantify the availability of moisture reserves in the soils of the agricultural landscape. This system of observations, assessment, and forecast includes the use of modern technologies for determining soil water content and temperature, the adaptation of predictive physically based models for calculating the dynamics of moisture reserves depending on the availability of precipitation and conditions at the lower boundary of soil profiles. The paper deals with the hydrological analysis of soils by the example of the agricultural landscape of the Zelenograd station of the Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute in the village of El’digino, Pushkino district, Moscow oblast.
How do general practices respond to a pandemic? Protocol for a prospective qualitative study of six Australian practices
Authors: Russell Grant , Advocat Jenny , Lane Riki , Neil Jennifer , Staunton-Smith Timothy , Alexander Karyn E , Hattle Simon , Crabtree Benjamin F , Miller William L , Setunge Sumudu Neilya , Sturgiss Elizabeth Ann 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has transformed healthcare systems worldwide. Primary care providers have been at the forefront of the pandemic response and have needed to rapidly adjust processes and routines around service delivery. The pandemic provides a unique opportunity to understand how general practices prepare for and respond to public health emergencies. We will follow a range of general practices to characterise the changes to, and factors influencing, modifications to clinical and organisational routines within Australian general practices amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective case study of multiple general practices using a participatory approach for design, data collection and analysis. The study is informed by the sociological concept of routines and will be set in six general practices in Melbourne, Australia during the 2020–2021 COVID-19 pandemic. General practitioners associated with the Monash University Department of General Practice will act as investigators who will shape the project and contribute to the data collection and analysis. The data will include investigator diaries, an observation template and interviews with practice staff and investigators. Data will first be analysed by two external researchers using a constant comparative approach and then later refined at regular investigator meetings. Cross-case analysis will explain the implementation, uptake and sustainability of routine changes that followed the commencement of the pandemic.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by Monash University (23950) Human Research Ethics Committees. Practice reports will be made available to all participating practices both during the data analysis process and at the end of the study. Further dissemination will occur via publications and presentations to practice staff and medical practitioners.
Predicting the risk of cancer in adults using supervised machine learning: a scoping review
Authors: Abdullah Alfayez Asma , Kunz Holger , Grace Lai Alvina 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this scoping review is to: (1) identify existing supervised machine learning (ML) approaches on the prediction of cancer in asymptomatic adults; (2) to compare the performance of ML models with each other and (3) to identify potential gaps in research.DesignScoping review using the population, concept and context approach.Search strategyPubMed search engine was used from inception to 10 November 2020 to identify literature meeting following inclusion criteria: (1) a general adult (≥18 years) population, either sex, asymptomatic (population); (2) any study using ML techniques to derive predictive models for future cancer risk using clinical and/or demographic and/or basic laboratory data (concept) and (3) original research articles conducted in all settings in any region of the world (context).ResultsThe search returned 627 unique articles, of which 580 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, were duplicates or were related to benign neoplasm. Full-text reviews were conducted for 47 articles and a final set of 10 articles were included in this scoping review. These 10 very heterogeneous studies used ML to predict future cancer risk in asymptomatic individuals. All studies reported area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) values as metrics of model performance, but no study reported measures of model calibration.ConclusionsResearch gaps that must be addressed in order to deliver validated ML-based models to assist clinical decision-making include: (1) establishing model generalisability through validation in independent cohorts, including those from low-income and middle-income countries; (2) establishing models for all cancer types; (3) thorough comparisons of ML models with best available clinical tools to ensure transparency of their potential clinical utility; (4) reporting of model calibration performance and (5) comparisons of different methods on the same cohort to reveal important information about model generalisability and performance.
Barriers to follow-up after an abnormal cervical cancer screening result and the role of male partners: a qualitative study
Authors: Chapola John , Lee Fan , Bula Agatha , Mapanje Clement , Phiri Billy Rodwell , Kamtuwange Nenani , Tsidya Mercy , Tang Jennifer H , Chinula Lameck 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Malawi, but preventable through screening. Malawi primarily uses visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for screening, however, a follow-up for positive screening results remains a major barrier, in rural areas. We interviewed women who underwent a community-based screen-and-treat campaign that offered same-day treatment with thermocoagulation, a heat-based ablative procedure for VIA-positive lesions, to understand the barriers in accessing post-treatment follow-up and the role of male partners in contributing to, or overcoming these barriers.MethodsWe conducted in-depths interviews with 17 women recruited in a pilot study that evaluated the safety and acceptability of community-based screen-and-treat programme using VIA and thermocoagulation for cervical cancer prevention in rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Ten of the women interviewed presented for post-treatment follow-up at the healthcare facility and seven did not. The interviews were analysed for thematic content surrounding barriers for attending for follow-up and role of male partners in screening.ResultsTransportation was identified as a major barrier to post-thermocoagulation follow-up appointment, given long distances to the healthcare facility. Male partners were perceived as both a barrier for some, that is, not supportive of 6-week post-thermocoagulation abstinence recommendation, and as an important source of support for others, that is, encouraging follow-up attendance, providing emotional support to maintaining post-treatment abstinence and as a resource in overcoming transportation barriers. Regardless, the majority of women desired more male partner involvement in cervical cancer screening.ConclusionDespite access to same-day treatment, long travel distances to health facilities for post-treatment follow-up visits remained a major barrier for women in rural Lilongwe. Male partners were identified both as a barrier to, and an important source of support for accessing and completing the screen-and-treat programme. To successfully eliminate cervical cancer in Malawi, it is imperative to understand the day-to-day barriers women face in accessing preventative care.
PLAN-e-PSY, a mobile application to improve case management and patient’s functioning in first episode psychosis: protocol for an open-label, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Haesebaert Frédéric , El Oussoul Sofia , Pavard Amélie , Fabre Delphine , Cellard Caroline , Magaud Laurent , Subtil Fabien , Damiolini Eleonore , Fakra Eric , Haesebaert Julie 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe prognosis of first episode psychosis (FEP), which is a severe disorder, can be notably impaired by patients’ disengagement from healthcare providers. Coordinated specialty care with case management is now considered as the gold standard in this population, but there are still challenges for engagement with subsequent functional impairments. Youth-friendly and patient-centred clinical approaches are sought to improve engagement in patients with FEP. Mobile applications are widely used by young people, including patients with FEP, and can increase the youth friendliness of clinical tools. We hypothesise that a co-designed mobile application used during case management can improve functioning in patients with FEP as compared with usual case management practices.Methods and analysisA mobile case management application for planning and monitoring individualised care objectives will be co-designed with patients, caregivers and health professionals in a recovery-oriented approach. The application will be compared with usual case management practices in a multicentre, two-arm and parallel groups clinical trial. Patients will be recruited by specialised FEP teams. Impact on functioning will be assessed using the Personal and Social Performance Scale; the variation between baseline and 12 months in each group (control and active) will be the primary outcome.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Inserm Institutional Review Board IRB00003888 (Comité d’évaluation éthique de l’INSERM, reference number 20-647). The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences. We will also communicate the results to patients and family representatives’ associations. An optimised version of the application will be then disseminated through the French FEP network (Transition Network).Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04657380
Empowering patients: simplifying discharge instructions
Authors: DeSai Charisma , Janowiak Keri , Secheli Beatrice , Phelps Eleanor , McDonald Sam , Reed Gary , Blomkalns Andra 
Published: September 2021

Patients who do not have enough information about their discharge plans have decreased treatment compliance, decreased patient safety, increased emergency department (ED) recidivism, and poor satisfaction. This project aimed to develop and implement a method to assess and improve patient understanding of treatment and discharge plan in the ED. The authors developed a questionnaire to assess patient knowledge using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and Joint Commission recommendations, areas of communication deficits reported in other manuscripts, and ED staff and provider input. Responses from patient interviews were then scored against the medical record. Three trained scorers graded all responses, and inter-rater reliability was calculated using the kappa statistic.Baseline observations found that written discharge instructions were long and tedious, and important information was difficult to find. Based on initial patient scores, stakeholder interviews, and fishbone diagrams, the team developed a one-page simplified information page (SIP) targeted to inform patients their most relevant discharge instructions. Next, the SIP was tested on 118 patients to measure its effect on patient understanding. At the baseline study, no patients had complete understanding of their discharge instructions. The areas of lowest scores were medication instructions and indications to return to the ED. Implementation of the SIP resulted in statistically significant changes in score distribution across all questions assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Interrater reliability between scorers was high (kappa=0.84). We incorporated the concept of the SIP to the cover page of our standard discharge instructions.Healthcare providers often spend valuable time educating their patients, and it is important to assess the effectiveness of this teaching to identify areas in which we may improve health literacy and patient understanding. This project has shown that a simple, easy-to-read, concise page developed with patient input significantly improved ED discharge instruction knowledge.
CPAP delivered outside critical care during the second wave of COVID-19: outcomes from a UK respiratory surge unit
Authors: Nightingale Rebecca , Lewis Joseph , Monsell Katelyn Rhiannon , Jones Lewis , Smith Christopher , Kundu Shantanu , Bond Helena , Burhan Hassan , Fletcher Tom , Blanchard Thomas , Beadsworth Michael , Hampshire Peter , Gautam Manish , Todd Stacy , Jones Gareth , Aston Stephen 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundNHS England recommends non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a possible treatment for type 1 respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 pneumonitis, either to avoid intubation or as a ceiling of care. However, data assessing this strategy are sparse, especially for the use of CPAP as a ceiling of care, and particularly when delivered outside of a traditional critical care environment. We describe a cohort of patients from Liverpool, UK, who received CPAP on a dedicated respiratory surge unit at the start of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in UK.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of consecutive patients receiving CPAP for the treatment of respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 on the respiratory surge unit at the Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, UK from 21 September until 30 November 2020.Results88 patients were included in the analysis. 56/88 (64%) were deemed suitable for escalation to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and received CPAP as a trial; 32/88 (36%) received CPAP as a ceiling of care. Median age was 63 years (IQR: 56–74) and 58/88 (66%) were men. Median SpO2/FiO2immediately prior to CPAP initiation was 95 (92–152). Among patients for escalation to IMV, the median time on CPAP was 6 days (IQR 4–7) and survival at day 30 was 84% (47/56) with 14/56 (25%) escalated to IMV. Of those patients for whom CPAP was ceiling of care, the median duration of CPAP was 9 days (IQR 7–11) and 18/32 (56%) survived to day 30. Pulmonary barotrauma occurred in 9% of the cohort. There were no associations found on multivariant analysis that were associated with all-cause 30-day mortality.ConclusionsWith adequate planning and resource redistribution, CPAP may be delivered effectively outside of a traditional critical care setting for the treatment of respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Clinicians delivering CPAP to patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis should be alert to the dangers of pulmonary barotrauma. Among patients who are for escalation of care, the use of CPAP may avoid the need for IMV in some patients. Our data support the NHS England recommendation to consider CPAP as a ceiling of care.
Palliative home care: health-related quality of life
Authors: Vargas-Escobar Lina Maria , Reina-Gamba Nadia Carolina , Medellín-Olaya Judith , Consuegra-Pareja Cesar Antonio 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between physical symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people enrolled in a palliative home care programme in Bogota, Colombia.MethodsA quantitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. 123 people, chronically ill and enrolled in a palliative home care programme, participated. Convenience sampling was used, and data were collected during home visits.ResultsThe HRQOL was perceived as fair by 42.3% of the participants, and the overall score was below the expected mean value (140.5). The psychological dimension score was also below the mean, while above-average results were obtained in the physical, social and spiritual dimensions. Pain (78.2%), insomnia (82.3%) and tiredness (77.4%) were the most altered symptoms. Statistically significant differences were found between HRQOL and educational level, occupation, low socioeconomic strata and religious commitment. Statistically significant associations were found between depression and the psychological dimension (r=0.208; p=0.020) and between depression and overall HRQOL (r=0.181; p=0.045). No relationship was observed between HRQOL and physical symptoms.ConclusionPalliative home care programmes should thoroughly address psychological aspects, such as depression and anxiety, to ensure the best quality of life possible for the patients they assist.
Association of changes in work due to COVID-19 pandemic with psychosocial work environment and employee health: a cohort study of 24 299 Finnish public sector employees
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Aalto Ville , Pentti Jaana , Oksanen Tuula , Kivimäki Mika , Vahtera Jussi 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of COVID-19-related changes in work with perceptions of psychosocial work environment and employee health.MethodsIn a cohort of 24 299 Finnish public sector employees, psychosocial work environment and employee well-being were assessed twice before (2016 and 2018=reference period) and once during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who reported a change (=‘Exposed’) in work due to the pandemic (working from home, new tasks or team reorganisation) were compared with those who did not report such change (=‘Non-exposed’).ResultsAfter adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic status and lifestyle risk score, working from home (44%) was associated with greater increase in worktime control (standardised mean difference (SMD)Exposed=0.078, 95% CI 0.066 to 0.090; SMDNon-exposed=0.025, 95% CI 0.014 to 0.036), procedural justice (SMDExposed=0.101, 95% CI 0.084 to 0.118; SMDNon-exposed=0.053, 95% CI 0.038 to 0.068), workplace social capital (SMDExposed=0.094, 95% CI 0.077 to 0.110; SMDNon-exposed=0.034, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.048), less decline in self-rated health (SMDExposed=−0.038, 95% CI −0.054 to –0.022; SMDNon-exposed=−0.081, 95% CI −0.095 to –0.067), perceived work ability (SMDExposed=−0.091, 95% CI −0.108 to –0.074; SMDNon-exposed=−0.151, 95% CI −0.167 to –0.136) and less increase in psychological distress (risk ratio (RR)Exposed=1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09; RRNon-exposed=1.16, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.20). New tasks (6%) were associated with greater increase in psychological distress (RRExposed=1.28, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.39; RRNon-exposed=1.10, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.12) and team reorganisation (5%) with slightly steeper decline in perceived work ability (SMDExposed=−0.151 95% CI −0.203 to –0.098; SMDNon-exposed=−0.124, 95% CI −0.136 to –0.112).ConclusionEmployees who worked from home during the pandemic had more favourable psychosocial work environment and health, whereas those who were exposed to work task changes and team reorganisations experienced more adverse changes.
Soil erodibility in European mountain beech forests
Authors: Kašanin-Grubin Milica , Hukić Emira , Bellan Michal , Bialek Kamil , Bosela Michal , Coll Lluis , Czacharowski Marcin , Gajica Gordana , Giammarchi Francesco , Gömöryová Erika , del Rio Miren , Dinca Lucian , Đogo Mračević Svetlana , Klopčić Matija , Mitrović Suzana , Pach Maciej , Randjelović Dragana , Ruiz-Peinado Ricardo , Skrzyszewski Jerzy , Orlić Jovana , Štrbac Snežana , Stojadinović Sanja , Tonon Giustino , Tosti Tomislav , Uhl Enno , Veselinović Gorica , Veselinović Milorad , Zlatanov Tzvetan , Tognetti Roberto 
Published: September 2021

Forests in Europe are currently not endangered by soil erosion. However, this can change with climate change or with intensified forest management practices. Using a newly established network of plots in beech forests across Europe, the aims of this study were to (i) distinguish soil properties and erodibility indices in relation to bedrock, (ii) determine geochemical properties and organic carbon (Corg) influencing erodibility, and (iii) assess the effect of soil depth on erodibility indices. Seventy-six soil samples from 20 beech forests were collected in 11 countries to quantify soil properties influencing erodibility indices: clay ratio, modified clay ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, and oxides ratio. The results indicate that the dominant soil properties, determined by bedrock, that correlate with forest soil erodibility indices are Corg, pH, electrical conductivity, calcium and sodium ions concentrations, total water-soluble cations, and the percentage of sand. According to the tested indices, soil susceptibility to erosion follows the order granite > andesite > sandstone > quartzite > limestone. Deeper soil horizons on granite are more susceptible to erosion than surface horizons are, but this is not the case for soils on limestones. In conclusion, forest management should consider the predisposition of different soil types to erosion.
Physical constraints derived from FCNC in the 3-3-1-1 model
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Duy , Inami Takeo , Do Thi Huong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate several phenomena related to FCNCs in the$$\text {3-3-1-1}$$3-3-1-1model. The sources of FCNCs at the tree-level from both the gauge and Higgs sectors are clarified. Experiments on the oscillation of mesons most stringently constrain the tree-level FCNCs. The lower bound on the new physics scale is imposed more tightly than in the previous,$$\text {M}_{\text {new}}>12 $$Mnew>12TeV. Under this bound, the tree-level FCNCs make a negligible contribution to the$$\text {Br}(B_s \rightarrow \mu ^+ \mu ^-)$$Br(Bs→μ+μ-),$$\text {Br}(B \rightarrow K^{*} \mu ^+ \mu ^-)$$Br(B→K∗μ+μ-)and$$\text {Br}(B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\mu ^{+}\mu ^{-})$$Br(B+→K+μ+μ-). The branching ratio of radiative decay$$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$b→sγis enhanced by the ratio$$\frac{v}{u}$$vuvia diagrams with the charged Higgs mediation. In contrast, the charged currents of new gauge bosons significantly contribute to the decay process$$\mu \rightarrow e \gamma $$μ→eγ.