bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of incidence of hypocalcaemia in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Gayathre S. P. , Kumar R. Niranjen , Prabu M. J. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy is a fairly common complication. Occurrence of acute hypocalcaemia can be predicted in patients undergoing thyroid surgery for malignancy, based on serial calcium measurement and this helps in early prediction of hypocalcaemia. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia and methods to treat hypocalcaemia and prevention of its complication at the earliest.Methods: The incidence of hypocalcemia was analysed with serial calcium estimation in immediate post-operative period, 4 hours and 24 hours after surgery and on 5th post-operative day. The factors analysed included pre-operative and post-operative serum calcium levels, clinical features, the disease type and factors related to surgery and histopathologically diagnosis as malignant papillary thyroid carcinoma is confirmed.Results: In this study 30 patients underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma were studied. Incidence of 22% of hypocalcemia, with transient hypocalcemia in 20% and permanent hypocalcemia in 2% of cases were noted. Conclusions: Patients underwent thyroid surgery for malignant conditions showed higher incidence and severity hypocalcaemia. This complication can be prevented with meticulous peroperative dissection, prompt identification of parathyroid gland. Avoiding injury or spasm of the blood vessels supplying them and frequent postoperative monitoring of serum calcium levels.
Catastrophic health expenditure: a community-based study in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Pangkas Johnny , Rahman M. Mizanur , Suhaili Raili Bin 
Published: August 2021

Background: Accessing health services can lead to individuals having to pay catastrophic proportions of their available income and push many households into poverty. The aim of the study was to estimate the catastrophic health expenditure in respect of household expenditure and to determine the factors affecting it in Sarawak, Malaysia.Methods: We collected household expenses based on a recall period of one month through a face-to-face interview. We calculated the catastrophic health expenditure in terms of 10% of household expenditure and 40% of the capacity to pay. A binary logistic regression analysis was done to determine the factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure. Data analysis was done by IBM SPSS version 27.0. Results: The analysis revealed that one-quarter (25.7%) of the household expenditure was on food, equivalent to MYR 373.562, and 18.83% of the total household expenditure was on health (MYR 292.83). About two-fifths (37.4%) of the households had incurred catastrophic health expenditure on 10% of household consumption and 15.6% catastrophic health expenditure on 40% of household expenditure. Multivariate analysis with forward and backward linear regression methods revealed that age, gender, family size, socioeconomic status, and chronic illness appeared to be potential predictors of 10% catastrophic health expenditure (p<0.05). In contrast, socioeconomic status and level of education appeared to be potential predictors for 40% catastrophic health expenditure (p<0.05).Conclusions: Subsidised health care may not protect against the occurrence of catastrophic health expenditure among the household in the lower socioeconomic status. Family size and age also could affect household catastrophic health expenditure.
Assessment of health system preparedness to deal with the second wave of COVID-19 in a remote tribal district Surguja, Chhattisgarh, India-April 2021
Authors: Dan Amitabha , Ram Pushpendra , Aroskar Khyati , Gaikwad Pragati B. , Pasi Achhelal R. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Present study was conducted to assess the preparedness of the Surguja district to curtail COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study from May 2020 to March 2021 through records of 2 primary health centres areas selected by convenient sampling (farthest and nearest to district headquarters). Data on existing facilities and logistics was from district headquarters. Preparedness was assessed through checklist. Observations were presented as rates, ratios and proportions. Standard error of difference between two proportions was used as test of significance and p value≤0.05 was considered significant.Results: For Surguja district population of 925938 (65% rural), overall attack rate was 1.15%, case fatality rate was 0.96% (102/10636); there was 1 DCH, 9 DCHC, 6 CHCs, 25 PHCs, 3 upgraded PHCs, 197 subcentres, 12 CCC, 01 RT-PCR laboratory and 228 COVID vaccination centres. There were 1151 isolation beds; 300 with oxygen support (26%); ICU beds 134 (11.60%) with 34 ventilators. Cumulative 258229 tests; antigen 67.90%, test positivity rate 4.10% (urban 8.2%, rural 1.7%). This urban-rural difference in test positivity rate was statistically significant (p<0.001). Health care workers, 94.81% (12722/13418) had received one dose of vaccine with 53.36% (6789/13418) both doses. Above 45 years eligible population; 66.68% (154254/231331) received one dose of vaccine.Conclusions: Surveillance and management of COVID-19 were as per GOI guidelines issued. However, to enhance response we recommended strict implementation of appropriate behaviour in community, establishment of containment zones/facilities for high risk population in urban area blocks and increasing laboratories with RT-PCR testing in appropriate proportions.
Relationship between personality traits and tobacco smoking behaviour in outpatients of a tertiary care hospital, Mandya
Authors: V. Manikanta K. , R. Harish B. , Gowda Sudhir , Raj Charan Amogh 
Published: August 2021

Background: This study was conducted on 168 patients to assess nicotine dependence in tobacco smokers and to compare their personality profiles with non-smokers. Methods: The patients were grouped into nicotine dependent and non-nicotine dependent based on the DSM IV-TR, Personality profile assessed with the big five personality test. informed consent was taken before collecting the data. The test of significance used was independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA.Results: A total of 168 participants were included in this study, comprised of 84 smokers (50%) and 84 non-smokers (50%). Smokers revealed a higher score in neuroticism compared to non-smokers (25.19+4.33 vs. 24.07+3.99), higher extroversion (19.02+4.67 vs. 18.64+6.18) lower Conscientiousness (20.30+6.64 vs. 21.37+5.18) and lower openness to experience (22.14+6.24 vs. 22.75+5.25). mean score of neuroticism is significantly more in moderate (26.12+5.50) level nicotine dependence, openness to experience showed significantly high (28.4+2.31) level nicotine dependence. 41.6% of smokers belong to low to moderate level ND, 30.9% moderate level ND, 22.6% high-level ND, and 0.04% low-level ND. Neuroticism showed health concerns as the reason to quit smoking than those who did not. Conclusions: 39.2% of the participants did not even attempt to quit smoking and the most common reason to quit smoking was health concerns and social factors so it is important to educate these individuals and motivate them to quit smoking. Major causes of relapse were social factors and media/advertisement. Hence strict rules against the display of smoking can help to prevent relapse
Association of socio-demographic characteristics with knowledge and perception about disease among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in western Utter Pradesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaushal Suneel Kumar , Dhaked Sonal 
Published: August 2021

Background: TB is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The risk of TB is high among populations living in poverty, low socioeconomic groups, low income, immune-suppressed (including AIDS), and extreme age (old age and children) groups, etc. Methods: The study was conducted in TB and chest department of Sarojini Naidu medical college Agra city. The total number of patients registered during the period of July to September 2017 was 518; out of these 288 were new pulmonary and extrapulmonary patients. Out of 288 subjects, 123 were pulmonary patients. All the 123 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients (both smear +ve and smear -ve) were included in the study. 18 patients were loss to follow up after registration thus final effective sample size was 105 for further follow-up study. Results: Overwhelming (84.76%) patients belonged to a lower socioeconomic class. The maximum number (85.33%) of the study subjects among upper lower socioeconomic status had no knowledge regarding causative microbes of the disease (p=0.001). Conclusions: The majority of patients belong to illiterate, lower socioeconomic group, married and other than general cast, living in a joint, overcrowded family with more than four family members. About half of the subjects not knowing the method of prevention & consequence of treatment interruption. Most of them felt that quality of life affected after disease and about 1/4th of them felt hurtful behaviour of family members.
Online monthly discussion module of simulation-based teaching: Effect on knowledge
Authors: Verma Niket , Thomas Maria , Badyal Dinesh K 
Published: August 2021

Online discussion forums engage learners in higher-level thinking, allowing them to explore topics in much greater depth. One such formal online professional discussion platform is the two-year Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER) Fellowship offered by the Christian Medical College Ludhiana (CMCL) - FAIMER Regional Institute (CMCL-FRI). In this study, we report the results of a survey conducted among FAIMER fellows after attending online discussions on Simulation-based teaching (SBT) to evaluate their change in knowledge levels on the topic. This was a retrospective analysis of pre-moderation and post-moderation questionnaire responses. The questions/statements were designed to cover the entire range of topics planned to be discussed during the moderation month.: While the median score between the pre-moderation and post-moderation month questionnaires remained the same, the average score showed an increase from 9.5 to 10.37. The number of fellows who scored the maximum possible score of 12 showed a significant increase from 2.94% to 23.33% between the pre-session to the post-moderation month questionnaires (p-value=0.015). The percentage of respondents who answered the questions correctly in the post-moderation month questionnaire showed an increase over the pre-moderation month questionnaire in 10 out of 12 questions, with the increase being highly significant in 2 out of these 10 questions. Attending online ML web discussions leads to an increase in knowledge levels among participants and is an effective way to introduce medical educationists to essential concepts in medical education.
Determining the physical activity level and social media addiction of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students who receive online education during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Topcu Zehra Güçhan , Hürer Cemaliye , Şenol Emine Ahsen , Zabit Ferdiye 
Published: August 2021

Every individual was affected by the new life coming from Covid-19 pandemic. The lives of university students changed quickly and gradually as they found themselves while learning all courses from the screens. This study was carried out in order to examine the effects of students' continuing education from home on their physical activity levels and attitudes towards social media and to determine their relations with each other.A cross-sectional study. An online survey was conducted with the participation of 211 volunteer university students (female = 99). Questionnaires and qualitative questions were used to collect data. It was determined that 67.8% of the participants were physically active at a moderate level. It was determined that the perceived duration of social media usage increased compared to before and after the pandemic (p=0.000). Social media addiction of 63% of individuals was not found to be risky. There was no significant relationship between physical activity levels and social media addiction levels (r=0.069, p&#62;0.05). Considering that students' various activities such as going to and from university and social life are limited during the pandemic process, it is possible that their physical activities have decreased, and they are directed to social media tools. Despite these, we think that most of the students can use physical activity strategies and create regular exercise environments at home, considering that they are aware of the importance of physical activity with their education in physiotherapy department.
Opinion of medical students on online classes during covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Bathala Nagasrilatha , Kammineni Anjaneyulu 
Published: August 2021

: COVID-19 is referred as pandemic due to its severity and fierceness also as the greatest global health crisis since after centuries in human civilization. This made many schools and colleges to remain shut down for an indefinite time as the only option left to prevent transmission of virus in the institutions. At the same time, teaching concepts have changed with a similar speed than the evolution of the Internet, social media and digital technology. In these circumstances online teaching has become the only option left to fulfill the academic necessities of the students. This study will help to find out the students' opinion and attitude towards online classes during COVID – 19 Pandemic. : An Anonymous Cross sectional study is conducted among undergraduate medical students of various colleges affiliated to DRNTRUHS, AP regarding their opinion and attitude towards online teaching classes conducted during Covid 19 pandemic period by sharing the link for Google document. 432 under graduate medical students were participated in the study. 313 participants (72.41%) opined that online teaching is helpful. Majority of participants opined that online teaching is helpful (72.41%); comfortable (61.63%); they are able to interact (73.7%). 68.74% of participants have troubles to attend online classes. Very less participants (13.79%) showed their preference for online classes after this period. All the participants strongly mentioned that their practical skills will be affected badly due to this type of teaching.The deadly and infectious disease Covid-19 has deeply affected the educational system globally. In our present study majority of students strongly opined that online teaching is helpful; they are also comfortable and able to interact with their faculty also. When COVID 19 resolves, transformative changes are expected in medical education through the use of emergent technology.
Designing Ruby: Protocol for a 2-Arm, Brief, Digital Randomized Controlled Trial for Internalized Weight Bias
Authors: Hopkins Christina M , Miller Hailey N , Brooks Taylor L , Mo-Hunter Lihua , Steinberg Dori M , Bennett Gary G 
Published: August 2021

Background
Weight bias internalization, also known as weight self-stigma, is a serious health concern for individuals with higher body weight. Weight bias internalization is associated with the greater avoidance of health care and health-promoting activities, disordered eating, social isolation, and weight gain. Elevated weight bias internalization has been associated with low self-compassion, yet few investigations have explored self-compassion as a potential mechanism for reducing internalized weight bias.

Objective
Ruby is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial that was designed to test the efficacy of a 4-week digital self-compassion intervention to reduce internalized weight bias compared with a wait-list control.

Methods
Adults with elevated internalized weight bias and a BMI of >30 kg/m2 (N=80) were recruited. Ruby is a standalone digital trial that will be delivered entirely via a smartphone and will involve web-based data collection and text messages. The intervention content will include psychoeducation and daily mindfulness practices with a focus on self-compassion and body concerns. We will use intent-to-treat analyses to examine changes in weight bias internalization throughout time by treatment arm. The analyses will be conducted by using one-way analysis of covariance models and linear mixed models.

Results
The protocol was designed in May 2020 and approved in December 2020. Data collection is currently underway.

Conclusions
Ruby will be the first digital standalone, self-compassion–based intervention designed to reduce internalized weight bias. Owing to its standalone digital delivery, Ruby may be a highly scalable treatment for internalized weight bias that can be delivered on its own or combined with other treatments. We expect Ruby to be accessible to many, as participants can access the digital intervention at times of the day that are the most convenient in their schedule and are not burdened by in-person time commitments, which can be a barrier for participants with competing demands on their time and resources. If efficacious, Ruby will be poised to expand a burgeoning body of literature related to psychological intervention in this area.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04678973; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04678973

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/31307
Comparing Social Media and In-Person Recruitment: Lessons Learned From Recruiting Substance-Using, Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults for a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Parker Jayelin N , Hunter Alexis S , Bauermeister Jose A , Bonar Erin E , Carrico Adam , Stephenson Rob 
Published: August 2021

Background
Recruiting large samples of diverse sexual and gender minority adolescent and young adults (AYAs) into HIV intervention research is critical to the development and later dissemination of interventions that address the risk factors for HIV transmission among substance-using, sexual and gender minority AYAs.

Objective
This paper aimed to describe the characteristics of the samples recruited via social media and in-person methods and makes recommendations for strategies to recruit substance-using, sexual and gender minority AYAs, a hardly reached population that is a priority for HIV prevention research.

Methods
Using data from a randomized control trial of an HIV and substance use intervention with sexual and gender minority AYAs, aged 15 to 29 years in southeastern Michigan (n=414), we examined demographic and behavioral characteristics associated with successful recruitment from a range of virtual and physical venues.

Results
We found that paid advertisements on Facebook, Instagram, and Grindr offered the largest quantity of eligible participants willing to enroll in the trial. Instagram offered the largest proportion of transgender masculine participants, and Grindr offered the largest proportion of Black/African American individuals. Although we attempted venue-based recruitment at clubs, bars, community centers, and AIDS service organizations, we found it to be unsuccessful for this specific hardly reached population. Social media and geobased dating applications offered the largest pool of eligible participants.

Conclusions
Understanding factors associated with successful recruitment has the potential to inform effective and efficient strategies for HIV prevention research with substance-using, sexual and gender AYAs.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02945436; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02945436

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/resprot.9414
COMBINATION OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND COMMUNITY-BASED LEADERSHIP MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUJON KIDUL TOURISM VILLAGE, INDONESIA
Authors: Rakhman Cecep Ucu , Kharisma Lutfiandina , Suryadana Mohamad Liga 
Published: August 2021

Introduction/Main Objectives: Leadership is part of the success of village development. Leaders can choose and apply a leadership model that suits their organization. Background Problems: This research was conducted to analyze the applied leadership model in village tourism. The Head of Pujon Kidul Tourism Village is one of the figures who has succeeded in leading his village and bringing positive changes to the community. Novelty: This study focuses on the leadership model of the village head in managing a tourism village. Research Methods: Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Interviews were conducted using an interview guide instrument containing 12 questions divided into three dimensions (leadership, tourism, and successful factor in leadership). This qualitative research using a case study as a research design.Finding/Results: The application of a combination of transformational and community-based leadership styles in the tourism village of Pujon Kidul has succeeded in improving Pujon Kidul Tourism Village. Usually, the leader only uses transformational leadership in general, but in this village, the leader uses a combination of transformational and community-based leadership. Conclusion: The leadership model used by the head of the Pujon Kidul tourism village is a combination of transformational and community-based leadership community-based leadership.
EXPLORING PREFERRED LEADERSHIP STYLES ACROSS INDUSTRIES: PERSPECTIVES OF FOLLOWERS
Authors: Ganzemiller Kerstin , Vo Phuong , Bertsch Andy , Saeed Mohammad , Ondracek James , Pellenwessel David , Kea Monica , Nadeau Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

Introduction/ Main Objective: This study investigated preferred leadership styles, considered by many to be the most prevalent styles: autocratic, participative, and laissez-faire. We assessed ‘preferred leadership style’ from the perspective of the follower. The study aimed at exploring the variations in the preference for leadership styles across selected industries, namely the food/beverage industry, the retail industry, and the financial industry. Novelty: Leadership styles and perspectives have been investigated from divergent angles; but the preferred leadership styles have not been explored adequately across industries. This study endeavored at filling the gap in literature, and to provide direction to stakeholders, as regards followers’ perspectives.Research Methods: Our convenience sample was a result of a targeted effort to query respondents from three distinct samples: retail, restaurant/drink establishments, and consumer finance institutions (primarily banks). In addition to the preferred leadership from the perspective of the follower, we also collected demographic data including gender and age of the follower, in order to get the critical insights from demographic lenses. Our survey included the leader behavior questions that are borrowed from the LBDQ XII manual provided by Stogdill (1962), and involved an examination of the studies conducted by Van Eeden, et al.(2008) for examples of behaviors attributed to the various leadership styles.Finding/Results: Our results were mixed. In some analyses, our results were reflective of the literature. However, in other analyses, our results differed from the literature. The study evinced tolerance for autocratic leadership, particularly in retailing, much against the pre-conceived notion. Conclusion: The study confirmed the generally- accepted hypothesis that employees from the food/beverage industry, the retail industry, and the financial industry all prefer participative leadership significantly more than autocratic or laissez-faire styles.