bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between added sugar intake and overall diet quality in the Finnish adult population
Authors: Tammi Rilla , Maukonen Mirkka , Männistö Satu , Sares-Jäske Laura , Kanerva Noora , Kaartinen Niina E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdded sugar intake has been associated with several health issues, but few studies have examined its association with overall diet quality. We aimed at examining the association between added sugar intake and overall diet quality in Finnish adults. Associations between added sugar intake and sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and BMI were also explored. Our data comprised 5094 adults residing in Finland who participated in the National FinHealth 2017 Study. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated FFQ. Food consumption and nutrient intakes were calculated using the Finnish national food composition database. Added sugar intake was estimated based on food categorisation and identifying naturally occurring sugar sources. Overall diet quality was assessed by the modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. The average added sugar intake was 7·6 E % in women and 8·3 E % in men in this study population. Added sugar intake was inversely associated with education (P = 0·03 women; P = 0·001 men), physical activity (P < 0·0001), and BMI in men (P = 0·003), and directly with smoking (P = 0·002 women; P < 0·0001 men). Added sugar intake was inversely associated with overall diet quality in both sexes (P < 0·0001). No interactions were found except for men’s physical activity subgroups, the inverse association being stronger among active men than moderately active or inactive men (Pfor interaction = 0·005). Our findings suggest that high added sugar intake is associated with several unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits, including poor-quality diets, smoking and leisure-time inactivity in Finnish adults. Efforts to improve diet quality should consider added sugar intake equally in the whole population.
From Guild Artisans to Entrepreneurs: The Long Path of Italian Marble Mosaic and Terrazzo Craftsmen (16th c. Venice – 20th c. New York City)
Authors: Grossutti Javier P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMarble mosaic and terrazzo were a very common type of stone paving in Venice, Italy, especially between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Throughout the period, migrant craftsmen from the nearby Alpine foothills area of Friuli (in northeastern Italy) virtually monopolized the Venetian marble mosaic and terrazzo trade. Thus, on February 9, 1583, the Venetian Council of Ten granted maestro (master) Sgualdo Sabadin from Friuli and his fellow Friulian workers of the arte dei terazzeri (art of terrazzo) the capacity to establish a school guild dedicated to St. Florian. The first chapters of the Mariegola de’ Terazzeri (Statutes of the Terrazzo Workers Guild), which set the rules for the guild of terrazzo workers, was completed three years later, in September 1586.From the 1830s onward, Friulian craftsmen began to export their skills and trade from Venice across Europe and later, at the turn of the twentieth century, overseas to several American cities. Prior to reaching America, mosaic and terrazzo workers left from their work places outside Italy, initially from Paris. Friulian mosaic and terrazzo workers were regarded as the “aristocracy” of the Italian American building workforce due to their highly specialized jobs: This contrasted with the bulk of Italians in the United States who were largely employed as unskilled. The New York marble mosaic- and terrazzo-paving trade was completely in the hands of the Italian craftsmen, who demonstrated a strong tendency to become entrepreneurs. They made use of their craftsmanship comparative advantages to build a successful network of firms that dominated the domestic market, in a similar fashion to what had already been occurring in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and other European countries.This paper argues that immigrants can be powerful conduits for the transfer of skills and knowledge, and emphasizes the importance of studying skilled migrant artisan experiences. A closer look at ethnic migration flows reveals a variety of entrepreneurial experiences, even in groups largely considered unskilled. The Italian marble mosaic and terrazzo workers’ experience sheds new light on ethnic entrepreneurship catering for the community as a whole, it reveals a remarkable long-lasting craftsmanship experience, thus demonstrating the successful continuity in business ownership and the passing down of craftsmanship knowledge across family generations. Creativity skills and innovative productive methods adopted by firms appear as a key factor that allowed these artisans to control the trade for such a long time.
A multi-level, multi-component obesity intervention (Obesity Prevention and Evaluation of InterVention Effectiveness in NaTive North Americans) decreases soda intake in Native American adults
Authors: Redmond Leslie C , Jock Brittany , Kolahdooz Fariba , Sharma Sangita , Pardilla Marla , Swartz Jacqueline , Caulfield Laura E , Gittelsohn Joel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the impact of a multi-level, multi-component (MLMC) adult obesity intervention on beverage intake in Native American adults living in five geographically and culturally diverse tribal communities.Design:A 14-month, community-randomised, MLMC design was utilised, with three communities randomised to Intervention and two communities randomised to Comparison. FFQ were administered pre- and post-interventions, and difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis was used to assess intervention impact on beverage intake.Setting:The intervention took place within food stores, worksites, schools and selected media outlets located in the five communities. Key activities included working with store owners to stock healthy beverages, display and dispersal of educational materials, support of policies that discouraged unhealthy beverage consumption at worksites and schools and taste tests.Participants:Data were collected from 422 respondents between the ages of 18 and 75 living in the five communities pre-intervention; of those, 299 completed post-intervention surveys. Only respondents completing both pre- and post-intervention surveys were included in the current analysis.Results:The DiD for daily servings of regular, sugar-sweetened soda from pre- to post-intervention was significant, indicating a significant decrease in Intervention communities (P < 0·05). No other changes to beverage intake were observed.Conclusions:Large, MLMC obesity interventions can successfully reduce the intake of regular, sugar-sweetened soda in Native American adults. This is important within modern food environments where sugar-sweetened beverages are a primary source of added sugars in Native American diets.
Adherence to the South African food based dietary guidelines may reduce breast cancer risk in black South African women: the South African Breast Cancer (SABC) study
Authors: Jacobs Inarie , Taljaard-Krugell Christine , Wicks Mariaan , Badham Jane M , Cubasch Herbert , Joffe Maureen , Laubscher Ria , Romieu Isabelle , Biessy Carine , Gunter Marc J , Rinaldi Sabina , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To determine the level of adherence and to assess the association between higher adherence to the South African food based dietary guidelines (SAFBDG) and breast cancer risk.Design:Population-based, case–control study (the South African Breast Cancer study) matched on age and demographic settings. Validated questionnaires were used to collect dietary and epidemiological data. To assess adherence to the SAFBDG, a nine-point adherence score (out of eleven guidelines) was developed, using suggested adherence cut-points for scoring each recommendation (0 and 1). When the association between higher adherence to the SAFBDG and breast cancer risk was assessed, data-driven tertiles among controls were used as cut-points for scoring each recommendation (0, 0·5 and 1). OR and 95 % CI were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models.Setting:Soweto, South Africa.Participants:Black urban women, 396 breast cancer cases and 396 controls.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders, higher adherence (>5·0) to the SAFBDG v. lower adherence (<3·5) was statistically significantly inversely associated with breast cancer risk overall (OR = 0·56, 95 % CI 0·38, 0·85), among postmenopausal women (OR = 0·64, 95 % CI 0·40, 0·97) as well as for oestrogen-positive breast cancers (OR = 0·51, 95 % CI 0·32, 0·89). Only 32·3 % of cases and 39·1 % of controls adhered to at least half (a score >4·5) of the SAFBDG.Conclusions:Higher adherence to the SAFBDG may reduce breast cancer risk in this population. The concerning low levels of adherence to the SAFBDG emphasise the need for education campaigns and to create healthy food environments in South Africa to increase adherence to the SAFBDG.
Direct and indirect contributions of molecular genetics to farm animal welfare: a review
Authors: Demir Eymen , Bilginer Umit , Balcioglu Murat Soner , Karsli Taki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince domestication, farm animals have played a key role to increase the prosperity of humankind, while animal welfare (AW) is debated even today. This paper aims to comprehensively review the contributions of developing molecular genetics to farm animal welfare (FAW) and to raise awareness among both scientists and farmers about AW. Welfare is a complex trait affected by genetic structure and environmental factors. Therefore, the best welfare status can be achieved not only to enhance environmental factors such as management and feeding practices, but also the genetic structure of animals must be improved. In this regard, advances in molecular genetics have made great contributions to improve the genetic structure of farm animals, which has increased AW. Today, by sequencing and/or molecular markers, genetic diseases may be detected and eliminated in local herds. Additionally, genes related to diseases or adaptations are investigated by molecular techniques, and the frequencies of desired genotypes are increased in farm animals to keep welfare at an optimized level. Furthermore, stress on animals can be reduced with DNA extraction from stool and feather samples which reduces physical contact between animals and veterinarians. Together with molecular genetics, advances in genome editing tools and biotechnology are promising to improve FAW in the future.
The democratic deficit in South Korea: the democratic control of armed forces since 1993
Authors: Kim Kyung-Pil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explains how South Korea's democracy has controlled the military since 1993. It reveals why the overpowered military has not faded even after the eradication ofHanahoeand the consolidation of democracy in South Korea in its aftermath. The democratic control over the military is examined focusing on: (1) budget, personnel, organization; (2) the judicial system; (3) security and defense policy; (4) personnel affairs, roles, and responsibilities; and an explanation based on laws and institutions, the strategy of key actors, and historical conditions of military confrontation. Under South Korea's democracy, the military budget, personnel, and organization are only partially controlled, leaving military commanders with jurisdiction over the military's judicial system. This is a result of legal and institutional limitations, as well as resistance from the Ministry of National Defense (MND) and the military. In matters of security and defense policy, the president has taken the initiative to revitalize obsolete systems through political compromise with the military. The primary means for the president to control the military has been the personnel management of the MND and the military. The military is likely to pledge its allegiance to the regime instead of citizens because the former has control over personnel affairs, which has frequently led to unofficial private groups of military officers and their political interference. This case in South Korea shows that the way society controls the military sows the very seeds of risk and allows us to rethink the challenges in controlling the military in a democracy.
Smart sensor tights: Movement tracking of the lower limbs in football
Authors: Steijlen Annemarijn , Burgers Bastiaan , Wilmes Erik , Bastemeijer Jeroen , Bastiaansen Bram , French Patrick , Bossche Andre , Jansen Kaspar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article presents a novel smart sensor garment with integrated miniaturized inertial measurements units (IMUs) that can be used to monitor lower body kinematics during daily training activities, without the need of extensive technical assistance throughout the measurements. The smart sensor tights enclose five ultra-light sensor modules that measure linear accelerations, angular velocities, and the earth magnetic field in three directions. The modules are located at the pelvis, thighs, and shanks. The garment enables continuous measurement in the field at high sample rates (250 Hz) and the sensors have a large measurement range (32 g, 4,000°/s). They are read out by a central processing unit through an SPI bus, and connected to a centralized battery in the waistband. A fully functioning prototype was built to perform validation studies in a lab setting and in a field setting. In the lab validation study, the IMU data (converted to limb orientation data) were compared with the kinematic data of an optoelectronic measurement system and good validity (CMCs >0.8) was shown. In the field tests, participants experienced the tights as comfortable to wear and they did not feel restricted in their movements. These results show the potential of using the smart sensor tights on a regular base to derive lower limb kinematics in the field.
Linear Versus Nonlinear (Convex and Concave) Hedging Rules for Reservoir Optimization Operation
Authors: Zeng Xiang , Lund Jay R. , Cai Ximing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHedging rules of reservoir operations decide the timing and magnitude of current water delivery reduction and consequent carryover water storage conservation based on the tradeoff between the utility of current and future water use. Different forms of hedging can be used for reservoir release decision. This study presents general optimality conditions for hedging with convex, concave, and linear relationships between reservoir water availability and release, using criteria based on the relative value of marginal value of risk tolerance (MVRT) with respect to current reservoir release versus carryover storage. MVRT is quantified to measure reservoir operators' risk tolerance change (sensitivity) to the change of reservoir release or carryover storage, reflecting their attitudes to the risk with current release and that with the carryover storage (i.e., future release), as well as their perception of future water availability uncertainty. Higher, equal, or lower MVRT with current release than that with carryover storage for future release corresponds to convex, linear or concave hedging. Various levels of risk tolerance toward hydrologic uncertainty underlie different hedging types for reservoir release decisions. Specifically, negative, positive, and null risk premiums (or risk seeking, risk aversion, and risk neutrality) result from convex, concave, and linear hedging rules, respectively. In general, high uncertainty will move the convex or concave curve closer to the linear curve. The MVRT‐based criteria for optimal hedging policies are illustrated through a real‐world case study.
Data‐Driven Velocity Model Evaluation Using K‐Means Clustering
Authors: Xiong Neng , Qiu Hongrui , Niu Fenglin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe develop a data‐driven clustering method to evaluate a velocity model using surface wave velocity dispersion. This is done by first computing theoretical dispersion curves for 1‐D velocity profiles of all the grid locations and then splitting the resulting dispersion curves into a certain number of groups via the K‐means clustering. The observed dispersion curves are also clustered following the same procedure and the velocity model is assessed by comparing the spatial patterns obtained for the observed and synthetic data sets. The method is applied to evaluate two community velocity models in southern California, CVM‐S4.26 and CVM‐H15.1, using phase velocity maps derived for 3–16 s Rayleigh waves. We found a good correlation in the spatial distribution of clusters between the result of CVM‐S4.26 and that of the observed data, suggesting that the CVM‐S4.26 fits the observed dispersion maps better than the CVM‐H15.1 in terms of features extracted from the clustering analysis.
Acute myeloid leukemia cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for cancer vaccination immunotherapy
Authors: Johnson Daniel T. , Zhou Jiarong , Kroll Ashley V. , Fang Ronnie H. , Yan Ming , Xiao Crystal , Chen Xiufen , Kline Justin , Zhang Liangfang , Zhang Dong-Er 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer vaccines are promising treatments to prevent relapse after chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, particularly for those who cannot tolerate intensive consolidation therapies. Here, we report the development of an AML cell membrane-coated nanoparticle (AMCNP) vaccine platform, in which immune-stimulatory adjuvant-loaded nanoparticles are coated with leukemic cell membrane material. This AMCNP vaccination strategy stimulates leukemia-specific immune responses by co-delivering membrane-associated antigens along with adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells. To demonstrate that this AMCNP vaccine enhances leukemia-specific antigen presentation and T cell responses, we modified a murine AML cell line to express membrane-bound chicken ovalbumin as a model antigen. AMCNPs were efficiently acquired by antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo and stimulated antigen cross-presentation. Vaccination with AMCNPs significantly enhanced antigen-specific T cell expansion and effector function compared with control vaccines. Prophylactic vaccination with AMCNPs enhanced cellular immunity and protected against AML challenge. Moreover, in an AML post-remission vaccination model, AMCNP vaccination significantly enhanced survival in comparison to vaccination with whole leukemia cell lysates. Collectively, AMCNPs retained AML-specific antigens, elicited enhanced antigen-specific immune responses, and provided therapeutic benefit against AML challenge.
Novel metabolic interactions and environmental conditions mediate the boreal peatmoss-cyanobacteria mutualism
Authors: Carrell Alyssa A , Veličković Dušan , Lawrence Travis J , Bowen Benjamin P , Louie Katherine B , Carper Dana L , Chu Rosalie K , Mitchell Hugh D , Orr Galya , Markillie Lye Meng , Jawdy Sara S , Grimwood Jane , Shaw A Jonathan , Schmutz Jeremy , Northen Trent R , Anderton Christopher R , Pelletier Dale A , Weston David J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Interactions between Sphagnum (peat moss) and cyanobacteria play critical roles in terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling processes. Knowledge of the metabolites exchanged, the physiological processes involved, and the environmental conditions allowing the formation of symbiosis is important for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions. In this study, we used a cross-feeding approach with spatially resolved metabolite profiling and metatranscriptomics to characterize the symbiosis between Sphagnum and Nostoc cyanobacteria. A pH gradient study revealed that the Sphagnum–Nostoc symbiosis was driven by pH, with mutualism occurring only at low pH. Metabolic cross-feeding studies along with spatially resolved matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) identified trehalose as the main carbohydrate source released by Sphagnum, which were depleted by Nostoc along with sulfur-containing choline-O-sulfate, taurine and sulfoacetate. In exchange, Nostoc increased exudation of purines and amino acids. Metatranscriptome analysis indicated that Sphagnum host defense was downregulated when in direct contact with the Nostoc symbiont, but not as a result of chemical contact alone. The observations in this study elucidated environmental, metabolic, and physiological underpinnings of the widespread plant–cyanobacterial symbioses with important implications for predicting carbon and nitrogen cycling in peatland ecosystems as well as the basis of general host-microbe interactions.
Decreased PRC2 activity supports the survival of basal-like breast cancer cells to cytotoxic treatments
Authors: Mieczkowska Iga K. , Pantelaiou-Prokaki Garyfallia , Prokakis Evangelos , Schmidt Geske E. , Müller-Kirschbaum Lukas C. , Werner Marcel , Sen Madhobi , Velychko Taras , Jannasch Katharina , Dullin Christian , Napp Joanna , Pantel Klaus , Wikman Harriet , Wiese Maria , Kramm Christof M. , Alves Frauke , Wegwitz Florian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer occurring in women but also rarely develops in men. Recent advances in early diagnosis and development of targeted therapies have greatly improved the survival rate of BC patients. However, the basal-like BC subtype (BLBC), largely overlapping with the triple-negative BC subtype (TNBC), lacks such drug targets and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies often remain the only treatment option. Thus, the development of resistance to cytotoxic therapies has fatal consequences. To assess the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms and their therapeutic potential increasing cytotoxic drug efficiency, we combined high-throughput RNA- and ChIP-sequencing analyses in BLBC cells. Tumor cells surviving chemotherapy upregulated transcriptional programs of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. To our surprise, the same cells showed a pronounced reduction of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) activity via downregulation of its subunits Ezh2, Suz12, Rbbp7 and Mtf2. Mechanistically, loss of PRC2 activity leads to the de-repression of a set of genes through an epigenetic switch from repressive H3K27me3 to activating H3K27ac mark at regulatory regions. We identified Nfatc1 as an upregulated gene upon loss of PRC2 activity and directly implicated in the transcriptional changes happening upon survival to chemotherapy. Blocking NFATc1 activation reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, aggressiveness, and therapy resistance of BLBC cells. Our data demonstrate a previously unknown function of PRC2 maintaining low Nfatc1 expression levels and thereby repressing aggressiveness and therapy resistance in BLBC.
Neural nano-optics for high-quality thin lens imaging
Authors: Tseng Ethan , Colburn Shane , Whitehead James , Huang Luocheng , Baek Seung-Hwan , Majumdar Arka , Heide Felix 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNano-optic imagers that modulate light at sub-wavelength scales could enable new applications in diverse domains ranging from robotics to medicine. Although metasurface optics offer a path to such ultra-small imagers, existing methods have achieved image quality far worse than bulky refractive alternatives, fundamentally limited by aberrations at large apertures and low f-numbers. In this work, we close this performance gap by introducing a neural nano-optics imager. We devise a fully differentiable learning framework that learns a metasurface physical structure in conjunction with a neural feature-based image reconstruction algorithm. Experimentally validating the proposed method, we achieve an order of magnitude lower reconstruction error than existing approaches. As such, we present a high-quality, nano-optic imager that combines the widest field-of-view for full-color metasurface operation while simultaneously achieving the largest demonstrated aperture of 0.5 mm at an f-number of 2.