bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movements and Gatekeepers in a Hybrid Media Environment: A Comparison of the Twitter Networks of Corbynism and the People's Vote Movement
Authors: Bassett Lewis , Mills Tom 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDigital technology has recalibrated and become integrated with existing media institutions, practices and power structures. From the perspective of movements, this hybridised media environment presents a new set of opportunities and constraints. Movement messages can be directly disseminated without relying on media ‘gatekeepers’, and a movement's prominence on digital platforms can translate into much broader reach via the ‘legacy’ media, which continue to reach the largest audiences. This article compares the extent to which two influential political movements in the UK, the Corbyn movement and the movement for a People's Vote, were able to attract the attention of mainstream media ‘gatekeepers’ on Twitter. We do so first by identifying core actors in both movements on Twitter, and then editors, political editors and digital editors at major news media outlets on the platform. We find that the People's Vote movement attracted far more attention from editors than the Corbyn movement, largely owing to the extent to which the former integrated some key players from the British news media into its online network.
Excitable models: Projections, targets, and the making of futures without disease
Authors: Rhodes Tim , Lancaster Kari 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn efforts to control disease, mathematical models and numerical targets play a key role. We take the elimination of a viral infection as a case for exploring mathematical models as ‘evidence‐making interventions’. Using interviews with mathematical modellers and implementation scientists, and focusing on the emergence of models of ‘treatment‐as‐prevention’ in hepatitis C control, we trace how projections detach from their calculative origins as social and policy practices. Drawing on the work of Michel Callon and others, we show that modelled projections of viral elimination circulate as ‘qualculations’, taking flight via their affects, including as anticipation. Modelled numerical targets do not need ‘actual numbers’ or precise measurements to perform their authority as evidence of viral elimination or as situated matters‐of‐concern. Modellers grapple with the ways that their models transform in policy and social practices, apparently beyond reasonable calculus. We highlight how practices of ‘holding‐on’ to projections in relation to imaginaries of ‘evidence‐based’ science entangle with the ‘letting‐go’ of models beyond calculus. We conclude that the ‘virtual precision’ of models affords them fluid evidence‐making potential. We imagine a different mode of modelling science in health, one more attuned to treating projections as qualculative, affective and relational, as excitable matter.
Collective Action in the Digital Reality: the Case of Platform‐Based Workers
Authors: Katsabian Tammy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article explores the challenges of collective action in the digital reality and focuses on the efforts of platform‐based workers to unionise and their legal right to do so in accordance with UK law. Using sociological scholarship, the article elaborates on the emergence of flexibility and individualisation in the digital reality, in particular in platform‐based work, and on the way it hinders the creation of collective action. The article then describes how platform‐based workers currently organise themselves. It demonstrates how these current collective actions are characterised by the same individualisation and flexibility typifying the digital reality and why they do not enjoy the protection of the law. Based on this reality, the article proposes making several accommodations to the right to unionise for platform‐based workers, by adjusting some of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 clauses, thus enabling some platform‐based workers to enjoy its protection.
Incentivising and retaining public servants in remote areas: A discrete choice experiment with agricultural extension agents in Ethiopia
Authors: Regassa Mekdim D. , Abate Gashaw T. , Kubik Zaneta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreased deployment of agricultural extension agents (EAs) in rural areas is recommended to spur agricultural productivity and mitigate spatial imbalances in welfare. However, high turnover and low motivation levels of EAs in remote areas pose challenges for equitable service provision and, in some cases, exacerbate geographical welfare disparities. We assess the effectiveness of selected potential policy interventions to incentivise and retain EAs in remote areas of Ethiopia. To this end, we conducted a choice experiment to elicit the preferences of 761 EAs for job attributes. We apply a random parameters logit model to estimate parameters of interest and to simulate the impact of possible policy interventions. Our results show that offering education opportunities is by far the most powerful instrument to attract and retain EAs. It increases uptake of the extension job in remote locations by 77 percentage points, which is significantly higher than the effect from doubling current salary levels. EAs also expressed a strong preference for work environments with basic amenities, housing, transportation services, and well‐equipped Farmer Training Centres (FTCs). Furthermore, the results from sub‐sample analyses show that female EAs are less responsive to pecuniary incentives and are more concerned with the availability of infrastructure and amenities. Current salary levels, years of employment, and location of work are also important sources of heterogeneity in the response of EAs to potential policy changes.
Adaptive capacities and social resilience on Kangaroo Island: Beyond the staples trap
Authors: Argent Neil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article uses the lens of evolutionary economic geography to consider adaptive capacities and forms of social resilience that manifest in rural, primary commodity‐dependent regions in the face of structural forces to which such regions seem predisposed. Using a case study of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, the article explores the demographic and social impacts that a sudden and dramatic commodity market collapse in the 1990s had on this rural economy and community and on its regional development. During late 2017 and early 2018, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six representatives of the Kangaroo Island business community, including those from the farm, tourism, and small business sectors (three interviews) and from local government (one interview), as well as with a former rural financial counsellor and the former Commissioner for Kangaroo Island. Although the collapse of the wool market and of a flawed managed investment scheme for agroforestry had dramatically negative impacts on local economic and social systems, the Island's subsequent demographic recovery and Islanders' ongoing commitments to their sporting clubs both point to considerable adaptive capacities and social resilience. The research highlights what can be achieved by people with high levels of place attachment and commitment, as individuals and as collectives also able to draw on support scales beyond the local.
Doing the right thing? An institutional perspective on responsible restructuring in UK local government
Authors: Johnson Mathew , Watt Laura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrawing on institutional theory, this paper advances understanding of how restructuring practices are shaped by the organisational and institutional context and the concerns for legitimacy. Longitudinal case study findings from UK local government suggest a pattern of incremental deviance where repeated cutbacks are legitimised through a narrative of continuous improvement. This results in increased labour flexibility, work intensity and managerialism within services. We argue that the lack of resistance to change can be explained by the steady desensitisation of workers to repeated cutbacks as opposed to the inherent fairness of management actions. Through context‐specific research the theoretical and empirical distinctions between responsible and pure restructuring, and soft and hard Human Resource Management policies, are challenged.
Flexible integrated sensing platform for monitoring wound temperature and predicting infection
Authors: Zhang Yuheng , Lin Bin , Huang Rong , Lin Zhixiao , Li Yongqian , Li Jinqing , Li Xueyong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWound infection is a challenging clinical problem that imposes substantial economic and psychological burdens on patients. However, the wound covered by a dressing is in an ‘unknown’ state. Recently, researchers have focused on understanding the condition of the wound without removing the dressing. Here, we presented a flexible integrated sensing platform (FISP) that can monitor multiple indicators, including local temperature. The platform consists of a flexible sensor chip (FSC), a controlled printed circuit board (CPCB) and a customized application installed on a smartphone that can receive and display data from the sensor chip through Bluetooth Low Energy 4.0 (BLE4.0) and upload real‐time wound information. This device exhibits satisfactory measurement accuracy, stability, durability, skin compliance and biocompatibility. It was applied to infected wounds on the back of rabbits to reveal the temperature changes characteristic of wounds infected with different bacteria, and this information was compared with the changes in the core body temperature of animals. We found differences in the temperature among wounds infected with different pathogens and the temperature of the wound infection occurred earlier than the change in anal temperature. The combined application of the FISP and dressings might help identify the ‘unknown’ state of wounds in the clinic.
Global warming impact on the expansion of fundamental niche of Cryptococcus gattii VGI in Europe
Authors: Cogliati Massimo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we analysed how geographical distribution of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii VGI in Europe and Mediterranean area has evolved in the last four decades based on the climatic changes, and we tried to predict the scenario for the next decade. Niche modelling by Maxent analysis showed that recent climate changes have significantly affected the distribution of the fungus revealing a gradual expansion of the fundamental niche from 1980 to 2009 followed by an impressive increase in the last decade (2010–2019) during which the environmental surface suitable for the fungal survival was more than doubled. In the next decade, our model predicted an increase in the area of distribution of C. gattii VGI from the coasts of the Mediterranean basin towards the more internal sub‐continental areas. On the basis of these predictions, an increase of cases of cryptococcosis due to C. gattii VGI is expected in the next decade and a constant monitoring of the epidemiology of this fungal pathogen represents a crucial strategy to detect the onset of future outbreaks.
Limited effect of afatinib in a non‐small cell lung cancer patient harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor K860I missense mutation: A case report
Authors: Tamura Tomoki , Kawakado Keita , Makimoto Go , Nakanishi Masamoto , Kuyama Shoichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are key drugs in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations; however, first‐generation EGFR‐TKIs, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, are not effective in patients with uncommon EGFR mutations. In contrast, efficacy of afatinib has been reported in some types of uncommon EGFR mutation such as G710X, L861Q. The effect of afatinib in NSCLC patients with the EGFR K860I mutation has been shown in vitro, but its clinical efficacy has not been demonstrated. Here, we report the experience of afatinib administration in an NSCLC patient with an EGFR K860I mutation. A 69‐year‐old woman presented with right hemiplegia and dysarthria. Multiple brain and lung tumors were observed. She underwent craniotomy and was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. After stereotactic brain radiation therapy, cisplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab combination therapy was initiated. Unfortunately, she was unable to continue chemotherapy as she had an intestinal perforation after two cycles. After five months, recurrence of multiple brain metastases and an increase in primary lung cancer were confirmed. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in a clinical trial, and an EGFR K860I mutation was detected in her tumor. Afatinib was administered and the primary lung tumor shrank, but multiple brain metastases were exacerbated. After irradiation of the brain, afatinib administration was continued. In conclusion, afatinib may show an effect in NSCLC patients with the EGFR K860I mutation, but its efficacy is limited.
Effect of chronic ethanol consumption in rhesus macaques on the nucleus accumbens core transcriptome
Authors: Walter Nicole , Cervera‐Juanes Rita , Zheng Christina , Darakjian Priscila , Lockwood Denesa , Cuzon‐Carlson Verginia , Ray Karina , Fei Suzanne , Conrad Don , Searles Robert , Grant Kathleen , Hitzemann Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) has been repeatedly demonstrated to be a key component of the circuitry associated with excessive ethanol consumption. Previous studies have illustrated that in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of chronic ethanol consumption, there is significant epigenetic remodeling of the NAcc. In the current study, RNA‐Seq was used to examine genome‐wide gene expression in eight each of control, low/binge (LD*), and high/very high (HD*) rhesus macaque drinkers. Using an FDR < 0.05, zero genes were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between LD* and controls, six genes between HD* and LD*, and 734 genes between HD* and controls. Focusing on HD* versus control DE genes, the upregulated genes (N = 366) were enriched in genes with annotations associated with signal recognition particle (SRP)‐dependent co‐translational protein targeting to membrane (FDR < 3 × 10−59), structural constituent of ribosome (FDR < 3 × 10−47), and ribosomal subunit (FDR < 5 × 10−48). Downregulated genes (N = 363) were enriched in annotations associated with behavior (FDR < 2 × 10−4), membrane organization (FDR < 1 × 10−4), inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity (FDR < 2 × 10−3), synapse part (FDR < 4 × 10−10), glutamatergic synapse (FDR < 1 × 10−6), and GABAergic synapse (FDR < 6 × 10−4). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that EIF2 signaling and mTOR pathways were significantly upregulated in HD* animals (FDR < 3 × 10−33 and <2 × 10−16, respectively). Overall, the data supported our working hypothesis; excessive consumption would be associated with transcriptional differences in GABA/glutamate‐related genes.
Immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on female and male farmers in central Myanmar: Phone‐based household survey evidence
Authors: Ragasa Catherine , Lambrecht Isabel , Mahrt Kristi , Aung Zin Wai , Wang Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article provides evidence of the immediate impacts of the first months of the COVID‐19 crisis on farming communities in central Myanmar using baseline data from January 2020 and follow‐up phone survey data from June 2020 with 1,072 women and men. Heterogeneous effects among households are observed. Fifty‐one percent of the sample households experienced income loss from various livelihood activities, and landless households were more severely affected by the crisis, mainly because of lost farm and nonfarm employment and negative impacts on rural enterprises. Women and men in these landless households were equally engaged and affected by lower wages or more difficulties in finding farm work; fewer women were engaged in nonfarm work, but almost all of them lost such nonfarm wage employment. Women in landless households are also particularly vulnerable in terms of worsened workload and increased tension in the household during COVID‐19. Landed households were also affected through lower prices, lower demand for crops, and difficulties in input access. Women and men differ in levels of stress, fear, and pessimism regarding the effects of COVID‐19. In most households, there were no signs that household task‐sharing and work balance improved, and no clear shift in intrahousehold relations was observed.
Docetaxel and cisplatin induction chemotherapy with or without fluorouracil in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Tao Hao‐Yun , Zhan Ze‐Jiang , Qiu Wen‐Ze , Liao Kai , Yuan Ya‐Wei , Zheng Rong‐Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the addition of fluorouracil to docetaxel and cisplatin induction chemotherapy (IC) can truly improve the prognosis of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsA total of 801 patients newly diagnosed with non‐metastatic locoregionally advanced NPC were included as the subjects. In this study, propensity score matching (PSM) was used for analysis of overall survival (OS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and locoregional relapse‐free survival (LRRFS), and the chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to investigate toxic reactions.ResultsPatients received treatment with docetaxel and cisplatin (TP) or docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil (TPF). With a median follow‐up time of 60 months (range: 5–124 months), the TPF group had better 5‐year OS (84.7% vs 79.0%; P = 0.037), PFS (84.6% vs 76.8%; P = 0.008) and DMFS (89.5% vs 82.3%; P = 0.004) than the TP group. After PSM, 258 patients were matched in each cohort. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the 5‐year OS, PFS and DMFS were 85.5%, 84.2% and 89.2%, respectively, in the TPF group, higher than the 80.8%, 75.0% and 81.4%, respectively, in the TP group (P = 0.048, 0.009 and 0.006, respectively). Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that different IC regimens were independent prognostic factors for PFS and DMFS (P = 0.014 and 0.010, respectively).ConclusionThis study found that compared with the TP regimen, TPF induction chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. TPF can produce more mucosal and nausea/vomiting adverse reactions than TP.
Comparison of immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling subtyping for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the phase III clinical trial of R‐CHOP ± ibrutinib
Authors: Balasubramanian Sriram , Wang Songbai , Major Christopher , Hodkinson Brendan , Schaffer Michael , Sehn Laurie H. , Johnson Peter , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Carey Jodi , Shreeve S. Martin , Sun Steven , Gerecitano John , Vermeulen Jessica , Staudt Louis M. , Wilson Wyndham 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWe assessed the concordance between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression profiling (GEP) for determining diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell of origin (COO) in the phase III PHOENIX trial of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R‐CHOP) with or without ibrutinib. Among 910 of 1114 screened patients with non‐germinal centre B cell‐like (non‐GCB) DLBCL by IHC, the concordance with GEP for non‐GCB calls was 82·7%, with 691 (75·9%) identified as activated B cell‐like (ABC), and 62 (6·8%) as unclassified. Among 746 of 837 enrolled patients with verified non‐GCB DLBCL by IHC, the concordance with GEP was 82·8%, with 567 (76·0%) identified as ABC and 51 (6·8%) unclassified; survival outcomes were similar regardless of COO or treatment, whereas among patients with ABC DLBCL aged <60 years, the overall and event‐free survival were substantially better with ibrutinib versus placebo plus R‐CHOP [hazard ratio (HR) 0·365, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·147–0·909, P = 0·0305; HR 0·561, 95% CI 0·326–0·967, P = 0·0348, respectively]. IHC and GEP showed high concordance and consistent survival outcomes among tested patients, indicating centralised IHC may be used to enrich populations for response to ibrutinib plus R‐CHOP.
Two hundred years of zooplankton vertical migration research
Authors: Bandara Kanchana , Varpe Øystein , Wijewardene Lishani , Tverberg Vigdis , Eiane Ketil 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTVertical migration is a geographically and taxonomically widespread behaviour among zooplankton that spans across diel and seasonal timescales. The shorter‐term diel vertical migration (DVM) has a periodicity of up to 1 day and was first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1817. In 1888, the German marine biologist Carl Chun described the longer‐term seasonal vertical migration (SVM), which has a periodicity of ca. 1 year. The proximate control and adaptive significance of DVM have been extensively studied and are well understood. DVM is generally a behaviour controlled by ambient irradiance, which allows herbivorous zooplankton to feed in food‐rich shallower waters during the night when light‐dependent (visual) predation risk is minimal and take refuge in deeper, darker waters during daytime. However, DVMs of herbivorous zooplankton are followed by their predators, producing complex predator–prey patterns that may be traced across multiple trophic levels. In contrast to DVM, SVM research is relatively young and its causes and consequences are less well understood. During periods of seasonal environmental deterioration, SVM allows zooplankton to evacuate shallower waters seasonally and take refuge in deeper waters often in a state of dormancy. Both DVM and SVM play a significant role in the vertical transport of organic carbon to deeper waters (biological carbon sequestration), and hence in the buffering of global climate change. Although many animal migrations are expected to change under future climate scenarios, little is known about the potential implications of global climate change on zooplankton vertical migrations and its impact on the biological carbon sequestration process. Further, the combined influence of DVM and SVM in determining zooplankton fitness and maintenance of their horizontal (geographic) distributions is not well understood. The contrasting spatial (deep versus shallow) and temporal (diel versus seasonal) scales over which these two migrations occur lead to challenges in studying them at higher spatial, temporal and biological resolution and coverage. Extending the largely population‐based vertical migration knowledge base to individual‐based studies will be an important way forward. While tracking individual zooplankton in their natural habitats remains a major challenge, conducting trophic‐scale, high‐resolution, year‐round studies that utilise emerging field sampling and observation techniques, molecular genetic tools and computational hardware and software will be the best solution to improve our understanding of zooplankton vertical migrations.
Studying the social determinants of COVID‐19 in a data vacuum
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Denice Patrick , Haan Michael , Zajacova Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRace‐based and other demographic information on COVID‐19 patients is not being collected consistently across provinces in Canada. Therefore, whether the burden of COVID‐19 is falling disproportionately on the shoulders of particular demographic groups is relatively unknown. In this article, we first provide an overview of the available geographic and demographic data related to COVID‐19. We then make creative use of these existing data to fill the vacuum and identify key demographic risk factors for COVID‐19 across Canada's health regions. Drawing on COVID‐19 counts and tabular census data, we examine the association between communities’ demographic composition and the number of COVID‐19 infections. COVID‐19 infections are higher in communities with larger shares of Black and low‐income residents. Our approach offers a way for researchers and policymakers to use existing data to identify communities nationwide that are vulnerable to the pandemic in the absence of more detailed demographic and more granular geographic data.