bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating the Lithium–Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry and the Dynamics of Lithium Deposition in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Nanda Sanjay , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStabilizing the metallic lithium anode is the major roadblock to realizing long cycle life lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high energy density. The chemistry of the dynamically evolving solid‐electrolyte interphase layer on the lithium surface is critical to achieving reversible plating and stripping of lithium. Herein, electrolyte formulations are carefully varied and employed to modulate the composition, and thereby, the properties of the lithium‐electrolyte interface. The impact of these changes in the interfacial chemistry on the dynamics of lithium deposition is evaluated by tracking cyclability in an anode‐free full cell configuration. Critical insights are revealed on the role of different components of the electrolyte and their interplay, including various functional groups in the electrolyte salt, oxidizing effect of lithium nitrate, and the intrinsically stabilizing effect of polysulfide species, in determining the characteristics of lithium deposition and lithium cycling efficiency. The study illuminates the key elements underlying the unique chemistry of the lithium–electrolyte interface in Li–S batteries and it can spur further development of novel strategies toward stabilizing the lithium‐metal anode in the Li–S system.
Data‐mining methods predict chlorine residuals in premise plumbing using low‐cost sensors
Authors: Saetta Daniella , Richard Rain , Leyva Carlos , Westerhoff Paul , Boyer Treavor H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVariable water quality within buildings is of increasing concern due to public health impacts (e.g., lead, Legionella pneumophila, Naegleria fowleri, disinfection byproducts). Advances in data acquisition and analytics provide the opportunity to monitor real‐time building‐wide water quality variability. Accordingly, the goal of this research was to create a water quality sensor platform including data acquisition, storage, and mining methods able to monitor, and ultimately improve, water quality within buildings. The platform was used to monitor water temperature, pH, conductivity, oxidation–reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and chlorine using sensors only. Other building data infrastructure, specifically Wi‐Fi logins by occupants, were used to approximate activity rates and associated water use. An advanced machine‐learning technique, gradient boosting machines, predicted the chlorine residuals throughout the building plumbing network better than multivariate linear regression models. Finally, the implications of water quality monitoring on costs, scalability, reliability, human dimensions, regulatory compliance, and future green building designs are considered.
Health‐related quality of life among Ethiopian pregnant women during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dule Aman , Hajure Mohammedamin , Mohammedhussein Mustefa , Abdu Zakir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the quality of life and its association with perceived social support and pandemic fear among pregnant women.MethodsCross‐sectional study was conducted among 384 pregnant mothers at southwest Ethiopia from August 1, 2020, to August 15, 2020. Participants were included by consecutive sampling. Quality of life was assessed by short version of WHO quality of life. Social support and fear of COVID‐19 were evaluated by Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and fear of COVID‐19 scale (FCoV‐19S), respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Frequency and percentage for categorical variables, and mean ± SD for continuous variables were calculated. Independent sample t test and ANOVA were employed to compare the groups of normally distributed variables. Multiple regressions were performed, and Pearson correlation (r) was used to explore the relationships. Statistical significance was declared at p < .05, and 95% CI was calculated.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 31.3 ± 7.7, and 40.4% of them were between the ages of 25–34. The mean scores of participants those living with <5 family members and those living with ≥5 family members were significantly different [t(382) = 3.09, p = .002]. Participants with primary education have significantly high mean score of WHOQOL‐BREF from those participants with no formal education (p = .028, MD = −1.9). Moderate negative correlation was observed between the scores of WHOQOL‐BREF and FCoV‐19S. All the components of MSPSS had positively associated with WHOQOL‐BREF score at significant level. On final model, FCoV‐19S score has uniquely accounted for 19.4% of variance in WHOQOL‐BREF.ConclusionsPerceived social support has positively linked to QOL among pregnant women during COVID‐19 pandemic. Pandemic‐related fear has negative association with QOL and may be considered independent contributor of decreased quality of life in this population.
Patterns of cortical grey matter thickness reduction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fujimori Juichi , Fujihara Kazuo , Wattjes Mike , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns of cortical gray matter thickness in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsSeventy‐four MS patients—clinically isolated syndrome (4%), relapsing–remitting MS (79%), and progressive MS (17%)—and 21 healthy controls (HCs) underwent 1.5 Tesla T1‐weighted 3D MRI examinations to measure brain cortical thickness in a total of 68 regions of interest. Using hierarchical cluster analysis with multivariate cortical thickness data, cortical thickness reduction patterns were cross‐sectionally investigated in MS patients.ResultsThe MS patients were grouped into three major clusters (Clusters 1, 2, and 3). Most of the regional cortical thickness values were equivalent between the HCs and Cluster 1, but decreased in the order of Clusters 2 and 3. Only the thicknesses of the temporal lobe cortices (the bilateral superior and left middle temporal cortex, as well as the left fusiform cortex) were significantly different among Clusters 1, 2, and 3. In contrast, temporal pole thickness reduction was evident exclusively in Cluster 3, which was also characterized by increased lesion loads in the temporal pole and the adjacent juxtacortical white matter, dilatation of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, severe whole‐brain volume reduction, and longer disease duration. Although cortical atrophy was significantly more common in the progressive phase, approximately half of the MS patients with the severe cortical atrophy pattern had relapsing–remitting disease.ConclusionCortical thickness reduction patterns in MS are mostly characterized by the degree of temporal lobe cortical atrophy, which may start in the relapsing–remitting phase. Among the temporal lobe cortices, the neurodegenerative change may accelerate in the temporal pole in the progressive phase.
Knowledge mapping of computer applications in education using CiteSpace
Authors: Rawat Keshav S. , Sood Sandeep K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe education field plays a vital role in the growth and progress of society. In recent years, with the evolution of technology, a significant development has been observed in the publication of this field. Henceforth, a scientific review is required to explore computer applications in education using internet communication and technology (ICT) technologies. This paper analyzes the scientometric features of documents published from 2011 to 2020 in the education field using ICT. The research literature is retrieved from Scopus and CiteSpace is used to visualize network analysis of country collaboration, co‐citation, and keyword co‐occurrence. Here, the field of higher education is identified as an important area with increasing research trends. Higher education, such as engineering education with the application of ICT, has experienced the latest research trend, and it involves designing of frameworks for improving student performance and the teaching–learning process. The outcome of this paper is the identification of the research frontiers, hotspots, and the latest areas in the field of education, which will help to understand the overall development and future research directions.
Enhanced humoral immunity in breast cancer patients with high serum concentration of anti‐HER2 autoantibody
Authors: Sato Yasufumi , Shimoda Masafumi , Sota Yoshiaki , Miyake Tomohiro , Tanei Tomonori , Kagara Naofumi , Naoi Yasuto , Kim Seung Jin , Noguchi Shinzaburo , Shimazu Kenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHumoral immunity plays a substantial role in the suppression of breast cancer. We have revealed that a high serum concentration of anti‐HER2 autoantibody (HER2‐AAb) is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with invasive breast cancer. Thus, we aimed to clarify the association between high serum concentration of HER2‐AAb and humoral immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Out of 500 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer, we selected those whose HER2‐AAb values were high (n = 33) or low (n = 20) based on the distribution of HER2‐AAb values of 100 healthy individuals. Tumor and regional lymph node formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples prepared from the surgical specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistry. We confirmed that the recurrence‐free survival of the high HER2‐AAb group was significantly longer than that of the low HER2‐AAb group (p = 0.015). The numbers of tumor‐infiltrating CD20+ immune cells (ICs) (p < 0.001), IGKC+ICs (p = 0.023), and CXCL13+ ICs (p = 0.044) were significantly higher in the high HER2‐AAb group than in the low HER2‐AAb group. The number of CD4+ ICs in the B‐cell follicles of the regional lymph nodes was also significantly greater in the high HER2‐AAb group than in the low HER2‐AAb group (p = 0.026). Our findings indicate that a high level of HER2‐AAb is associated with enhanced humoral immunity against breast cancer and thus may provide a rationale for the association of HER2‐AAb with favorable prognosis.
Essential Oil of Lepidium virginicum: Protective Activity on Anthracnose Disease and Preservation Effect on the Nutraceutical Content of Tamarillo Fruit (Solanum betaceum)
Authors: Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Santamaría‐Juárez Juana Deisy , Hernández‐Silva Néstor , Cruz‐Durán Ramiro , Mosso‐González Clemente , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe essential oil from the annual plant Lepidium virginicum L. was chemically characterized in three consecutive years (2018–2020). The essential oils were evaluated in vitro and in situ on the causal agent of anthracnose in tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum). The main volatile constituents were phenylacetonitrile (>60 %), linalool (>10 %), limonene (>7 %) and α‐terpineol (>5 %). The essential oil (MIC, 19–30 μg mL−1), phenylacetonitrile (MIC, 45 μg mL−1) and α‐terpineol (MIC, 73 μg mL−1) caused a significant inhibition in the conidial viability from a wild strain of Colletotrichum acutatum, which was isolated and identified as a causal agent of anthracnose. The inoculation of conidia from C. acutatum in non‐symptomatic tamarillo fruits, followed by the in situ treatment with different concentrations of the essential oil (>30 μg mL−1), phenylacetonitrile and α‐terpineol, significantly (p<0.01) avoided the degradation of anthocyanins (delphinidin 3‐O‐rutinoside, cyanidin 3‐O‐rutinoside and pelargonidin 3‐O‐rutinoside) and carotenoids (β‐cryptoxanthin and β‐carotene) as well as retarded yellowing and necrosis triggered by anthracnose at least for 10 days. Our results suggest the potential use of the essential oil from L. virginicum as a natural component to preserve the nutraceutical content of tamarillo fruits against C. acutatum infection.
Unveiling the Potential of Transition Metal Complexes for Medicine: Translational in Situ Activation of Metal‐Based Drugs from Bench to in Vivo Applications
Authors: Silva Maria J. S. A. , Gois Pedro M. P. , Gasser Gilles 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of metal‐based anticancer drugs has been hampered, among other reasons, by their lack of selectivity for cancer cells. In a recent article, Zou and co‐workers presented the successful intracellular activation of organogold(I) complexes for potential cancer treatment through Pd(II)‐mediated transmetallation, overcoming some off‐target activity of novel gold‐based drugs. This unique strategy builds the perfect bridge between metallodrug usage and bioorthogonal intracellular catalysis for more advanced and selective therapies. Such an approach will hopefully pave the way for forthcoming studies in medicinal inorganic chemistry.
A pseudotumoral form of Crohn's disease: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sabbah Meriem , Gharbi Ghada , Jouini Raja , Haddad Dhafer , Bibani Norsaf , Chamakhi Chiraz , Gargouri Dalila 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn front of a colonic tumor, the diagnosis of a pseudotumoral form of Crohn's disease must be considered. However, it is a rare form, especially when inaugural and a neoplasia must be eliminated before retaining the diagnosis.
Biosynthetic Cyclization Catalysts for the Assembly of Peptide and Polyketide Natural Products
Authors: Adrover‐Castellano Maria L. , Schmidt Jennifer J. , Sherman David H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany biologically active natural products are synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), polyketide synthases (PKSs) and their hybrids. These megasynthetases are comprised of modules which are subdivided into distinct catalytic domains that allow for substrate initiation, chain extension, processing and termination. At the end of a module, a terminal domain, usually a thioesterase (TE), is responsible for catalyzing the release of the NRPS or PKS as a linear or cyclized product. In this Review, we address the general cyclization mechanism of the TE domain, including oligomerization and the fungal C−C bond forming Claisen‐like cyclases (CLCs). Additionally, we include examples of cyclization catalysts acting within or at the end of a module. Furthermore, condensation‐like (CT) domains, terminal reductase (R) domains, reductase‐like domains that catalyze Dieckmann condensation (RD), thioesterase‐like Dieckmann cyclases, trans‐acting TEs from the penicillin binding protein (PBP) enzyme family, product template (PT) domains and others will also be reviewed. The studies summarized here highlight the remarkable diversity of NRPS and PKS cyclization catalysts for the production of biologically relevant, complex cyclic natural products and related compounds.
High‐pressure Nucleation of Low‐Density Polymorphs**
Authors: Sobczak Szymon , Ratajczyk Paulina , Katrusiak Andrzej 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNew polymorphs β and γ of bis‐3‐nitrophenyl disulphide, crystallized above 0.3 GPa, are less dense than the ambient‐pressure polymorph α. This counterintuitive density relation results from the high‐entropy nucleation and subsequent kinetic crystallization. The work performed by pressure compensates the high entropy and temperature product, substantiated in varied conformers and increased chemical potential. Pressure‐increased viscosity promotes the kinetic polymorphs, in accordance with empirical Ostwald's rule of stages. It contrasts to mechanochemical techniques, favouring high‐density polymorphs.
On power capping and performance optimization of multithreaded applications
Authors: Conoci Stefano , Di Sanzo Pierangelo , Pellegrini Alessandro , Ciciani Bruno , Quaglia Francesco 
Published: January 2021

SummaryMultithreaded applications facilitate the exploitation of the computing power of multicore architectures. On the other hand, these applications can become extremely energy‐intensive, in contrast with the need for limiting the energy usage of computing systems. In this article, we explore the design of techniques enabling multithreaded applications to maximize their performance under a power cap. We consider two control parameters: the number of cores used by the application, and the core power state. We target the design of an autotuning power‐capping technique with minimal intrusiveness and high portability, which is agnostic about the workload profile of the application. We investigate two different approaches for building the strategy for selecting the best configuration of the parameters under control, namely a heuristic approach and a model‐based approach. Through an extensive experimental study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique considering two different selection strategies, and we compare them with existing solutions.
Initial investigations of a novel bioluminescence method for imaging dental demineralization
Authors: Longbottom Christopher , Vernon Bruce , Perfect Emma , Haughey Anne‐Marie , Christie Adam , Pitts Nigel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn this in vitro study, a bioluminescent marker was investigated for its potential to illuminate the assessment of dental caries and dental erosion, which are significant clinical and public health problems, through its binding of those ions, notably Ca2+, known to be released during the process of demineralization.Materials and MethodsThe light output from the selected bioluminescent marker was investigated in several experiments, including: (a)contact with a range of Ca2+ ion concentrations; (b) treatment of extracted teeth with solutions of differing pH, followed by application of the bioluminescence marker to assess Ca2+ ion release; and (c) application of the marker to freshly extracted teeth with natural and artificially created caries lesions on occlusal and smooth surfaces to image the Ca2+ ion distribution.ResultsThe results of: experiment (a) showed that the light output from the marker increases with increasing Ca2+ concentration and of experiment (b) showed increases in light being observed as increasingly acidic solutions were applied. The results of experiment (c) showed the bioluminescence images of the extracted teeth produced “demineralization maps” of the imaged surfaces.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the ability of a novel bioluminescence technology to image Ca2+ ions on tooth enamel surfaces which has potential in dental caries and dental erosion applications and provides the scientific basis for the ongoing development of that novel technology.
Field resistance to wheat stem rust in durum wheat accessions deposited at the USDA National Small Grains Collection
Authors: Olivera Pablo D. , Bulbula Worku D. , Badebo Ayele , Bockelman Harold E. , Edae Erena A. , Jin Yue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a re‐emerging disease, posing a significant threat to durum wheat production worldwide. The limited number of stem rust resistance genes in modern cultivars compels us to identify and incorporate new effective genes in durum wheat breeding programs. We evaluated 8,245 spring durum wheat accessions deposited at the USDA National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) for resistance in field stem rust nurseries in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia and St. Paul, MN (USA). A higher level of disease development was observed at the Debre Zeit nursery compared with St. Paul, and the effective alleles of Sr13 in this nursery did not display the level of resistance observed at the St. Paul nursery. Four hundred and ninety‐one (∽6%) accessions exhibited resistant to moderately susceptible responses after three field evaluations at Debre Zeit and two at St. Paul. Nearly 70% of these accessions originated from Ethiopia, Mexico, Egypt, and USA. Eight additional countries, namely Portugal, Turkey, Italy, Canada, Chile, Australia, Syria, and Tunisia contributed to 19% of the resistant to moderately susceptible entries. Among the 491 resistant to moderately susceptible accessions, 53.8% (n = 265) were landraces, and 28.4% (n = 139) and 11.4% (n = 55) were breeding lines and cultivars, respectively. Breeding lines and cultivars displayed a higher level and frequency of resistance than the landraces. We concluded that a large number of durum wheat accessions from diverse origins deposited at the NSGC can be exploited for diversifying and improving stem rust resistance in wheat.
Reliability of animal counts and implications for the interpretation of trends
Authors: Vallecillo David , Gauthier‐Clerc Michel , Guillemain Matthieu , Vittecoq Marion , Vandewalle Philippe , Roche Benjamin , Champagnon Jocelyn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Population time series analysis is an integral part of conservation biology in the current context of global changes. To quantify changes in population size, wildlife counts only provide estimates because of various sources of error. When unaccounted for, such errors can obscure important ecological patterns and reduce confidence in the derived trend. In the case of highly gregarious species, which are common in the animal kingdom, the estimation of group size is an important potential bias, which is characterized by high variance among observers. In this context, it is crucial to quantify the impact of observer changes, inherent to population monitoring, on i) the minimum length of population time series required to detect significant trends and ii) the accuracy (bias and precision) of the trend estimate.

We acquired group size estimation error data by an experimental protocol where 24 experienced observers conducted counting simulation tests on group sizes. We used this empirical data to simulate observations over 25 years of a declining population distributed over 100 sites. Five scenarios of changes in observer identity over time and sites were tested for each of three simulated trends (true population size evolving according to deterministic models parameterized with declines of 1.1%, 3.9% or 7.4% per year that justify respectively a “declining,” “vulnerable” or “endangered” population under IUCN criteria).

We found that under realistic field conditions observers detected the accurate value of the population trend in only 1.3% of the cases. Our results also show that trend estimates are similar if many observers are spatially distributed among the different sites, or if one single observer counts all sites. However, successive changes in observer identity over time lead to a clear decrease in the ability to reliably estimate a given population trend, and an increase in the number of years of monitoring required to adequately detect the trend.

Minimizing temporal changes of observers improve the quality of count data and help taking appropriate management decisions and setting conservation priorities. The same occurs when increasing the number of observers spread over 100 sites. If the population surveyed is composed of few sites, then it is preferable to perform the survey by one observer. In this context, it is important to reconsider how we use estimated population trend values and potentially to scale our decisions according to the direction and duration of estimated trends, instead of setting too precise threshold values before action.