bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpharmacologic Management of Procedural Pain in Pediatric Burn Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Gillum Matthew , Huang Samantha , Kuromaru Yuki , Dang Justin , Yenikomshian Haig A , Gillenwater T Justin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pain following burn injury is associated with long-term health consequences in the pediatric population. Literature suggests nonpharmacologic treatment may provide improved pain control as an effective adjunct for these patients. This study aims to summarize randomized controlled trials on nonpharmacologic procedural pain management in pediatric burn patients. A systematic review was conducted on nonpharmacologic procedural pain management techniques used in the pediatric burn population. Fifteen studies were included and involved virtual reality, distraction devices, child life therapy, directed play, digital tablet games, cartoons, hypnosis, and music therapy. Treatment was effective in 8 out of 15 studies. Compared to controls, nonpharmacologic treatments reduced mid procedure pain by 19.7% and post-procedure pain by 20.1%. This study demonstrates that nonpharmacologic therapy can be an effective adjunct in pediatric procedural burn pain management, however further studies are needed to develop standardized algorithms to integrate nonpharmacologic treatments with pharmacologic therapies.
Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making During Imminent Death in Hospice Music Therapy
Authors: Fox Erin , Economos Alexa , Potvin Noah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Assessment is a critical aspect of treatment planning, and while there exist standards for facilitating music therapy assessments in a variety of clinical settings, no such standards exist for music therapists in hospice and palliative care. This gap in knowledge, which limits music therapists’ ability to provide patients and caregivers best practices promoting supported movement through the dying process, becomes particularly problematic when assessing patients who are imminently dying with a 24–72 hour prognosis. To further develop and define assessment and clinical decision-making processes used by music therapists in hospice and palliative care, the authors used a constructivist grounded theory and situational analysis methodology to analyze interviews of 15 hospice music therapists. The resulting theoretical model describes an ongoing process of assessment and clinical decision-making shaped by participants’ individual epistemologies. Epistemologies were comprised of 5 ways of knowing, which were termed experiential, personal, musical, ethical, and integral, and provided participants critical foundations for their practice. The results support a development of a model for reflective practice as well as continued research on epistemological foundations of clinical practice.
Histological Findings After Aortic Cross-Clamping in Preclinical Animal Models
Authors: Awad Hamdy , Efanov Alexander , Rajan Jayanth , Denney Andrew , Gigax Bradley , Kobalka Peter , Kelani Hesham , Basso D Michele , Bozinovski John , Tili Esmerina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spinal cord ischemic injury and paralysis are devastating complications after open surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Preclinical models have been developed to simulate the clinical paradigm to better understand the neuropathophysiology and develop therapeutic treatment. Neuropathological findings in the preclinical models have not been comprehensively examined before. This systematic review studies the past 40 years of the histological findings after open surgical repair in preclinical models. Our main finding is that damage is predominantly in the grey matter of the spinal cord, although white matter damage in the spinal cord is also reported. Future research needs to examine the neuropathological findings in preclinical models after endovascular repair, a newer type of surgical repair used to treat aortic aneurysms.
Immunogenicity of Fractional Dose Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in India
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad , Verma Harish , Deshpande Jagadish , Kunwar Abhishek , Bavdekar Ashish , Mahantashetti Niranjana S , Krishnamurthy Balasundaram , Jain Manish , Mathew Mannancheril A , Pawar Shailesh D , Sharma Deepa K , Sethi Raman , Visalakshi Jayaseelan , Mohanty Lalitendu , Bahl Sunil , Haldar Pradeep , Sutter Roland W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Following the withdrawal of Sabin type 2 from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) in 2016, the introduction of ≥1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization was recommended, either as 1 full dose (0.5mL, intramuscular) or 2 fractional doses of IPV (fIPV—0.1mL, intradermal). India opted for fIPV. We conducted a comparative assessment of IPV and fIPV.

Methods
This was a 4-arm, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Infants were enrolled and vaccines administered according to the study design, and the blood was drawn at age 6, 14, and 18 weeks for neutralization testing against all 3 poliovirus types.

Results
Study enrolled 799 infants. The seroconversion against type 2 poliovirus with 2 fIPV doses was 85.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.1%-90.0%) when administered at age 6 and 14 weeks, 77.0% (95% CI: 70.5-82.5) when given at age 10 and 14 weeks, compared to 67.9% (95% CI: 60.4-74.6) following 1 full-dose IPV at age 14 weeks.

Conclusion
The study demonstrated the superiority of 2 fIPV doses over 1 full-dose IPV in India. Doses of fIPV given at 6 and 14 weeks were more immunogenic than those given at 10 and 14 weeks.
Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). Clinical trial registration number was CTRI/2017/02/007793.
Gene Expression Nebulas (GEN): a comprehensive data portal integrating transcriptomic profiles across multiple species at both bulk and single-cell levels
Authors: Zhang Yuansheng , Zou Dong , Zhu Tongtong , Xu Tianyi , Chen Ming , Niu Guangyi , Zong Wenting , Pan Rong , Jing Wei , Sang Jian , Liu Chang , Xiong Yujia , Sun Yubin , Zhai Shuang , Chen Huanxin , Zhao Wenming , Xiao Jingfa , Bao Yiming , Hao Lili , Zhang Zhang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Transcriptomic profiling is critical to uncovering functional elements from transcriptional and post-transcriptional aspects. Here, we present Gene Expression Nebulas (GEN, https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gen/), an open-access data portal integrating transcriptomic profiles under various biological contexts. GEN features a curated collection of high-quality bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets by using standardized data processing pipelines and a structured curation model. Currently, GEN houses a large number of gene expression profiles from 323 datasets (157 bulk and 166 single-cell), covering 50 500 samples and 15 540 169 cells across 30 species, which are further categorized into six biological contexts. Moreover, GEN integrates a full range of transcriptomic profiles on expression, RNA editing and alternative splicing for 10 bulk datasets, providing opportunities for users to conduct integrative analysis at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, GEN provides abundant gene annotations based on value-added curation of transcriptomic profiles and delivers online services for data analysis and visualization. Collectively, GEN presents a comprehensive collection of transcriptomic profiles across multiple species, thus serving as a fundamental resource for better understanding genetic regulatory architecture and functional mechanisms from tissues to cells.
Treatment barriers and clinical outcome of children with medulloblastoma in China: a report from the Chinese Children’s Cancer Group (CCCG)
Authors: Liu Anthony Pak-Yin , Zhen Zijun , Yang Qunying , Yuan Xiaojun , Ma Xiaoli , Chen Jianliang , Wang Jingsheng , Yang Lihua , Guo Haixia , Jiang Lian , Weng Wenjun , Huang Libin , Liu Wei , Wang Jian , Wu Shaoxiong , Zeng Jing , Jiang Mawei , He Kejun , Ge Ming , Cheng Kevin King-Fai , Ho Wilson Wai-Shing , Li Chunyu , Yu Lihua , Zhu Shuai , Ng Ho-Keung , Chan Godfrey Chi-Fung , Sun Xiaofei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor of childhood. Management requires interdisciplinary care and is associated with unique challenges in developing regions. Here, we report the characteristics, clinical outcome and treatment barriers for Chinese children with MB based on a multi-institutional cohort from the Chinese Children’s Cancer Group (CCCG).

Methods
Retrospective cohort study among 12 Chinese pediatric oncology units from the CCCG Brain Tumor Workgroup on patients aged &lt;18 years diagnosed with MB from 2016 to 2019.

Results
221 patients (male:female = 138:83) were included, 175 (79%) were ≥3 years of age, and 46 (21%) &lt;3 years. 177 patients (80%) were completely staged, among which 50 (28%) had metastasis and 70 (40%) were considered to have high-risk (HR) disease. Gross/near-total resection was achieved in 203 patients (92%). In patients where molecular grouping could be assigned, 19 (16%), 35 (29%), and 65 (54%), respectively had WNT-activated, SHH-activated, and Group 3/4 MB. The median duration between resection and initiation of adjuvant therapy was 36 days. Respective 2-year PFS and OS rates were 76.0 ± 3.0% and 88.0 ± 2.3%. PFS was significantly associated with age, metastatic status and clinical risk grouping. Chemotherapy use during CSI or alkylator choice were not significant predictors for patient outcome.

Conclusions
We reported the clinical profiles and outcome from the largest cohort of Chinese children with MB after multi-modal therapy. Strengths and limitations on the local provision of neuro-oncology service are identified.
A Qualitative Study of the Experience of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy Among Urban Persons With Newly Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Christopoulos Katerina A , Erguera Xavier A , VanderZanden Lyndon , Campbell Chadwick , Green Maya , Tsuzuki Manami Diaz , Schneider John , Coffey Susa , Bacon Oliver , Gandhi Monica , Koester Kimberly A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Guidelines recommend immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) at or shortly after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis, yet little is known about how people living with HIV (PLWH) experience this treatment strategy, including racial/ethnic minorities, cisgender/transgender women, and those with housing instability.

Methods
To assess the acceptability of immediate ART offer among urban PLWH, understand how this approach affects the lived experience of HIV diagnosis, and explore reasons for declining immediate ART, we conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with individuals who had been offered immediate ART after HIV diagnosis at a safety-net HIV clinic in San Francisco and a federally qualified health center in Chicago. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Among 40 participants with age range 19–52 years, 27% of whom were cisgender/transgender women or gender-queer, 85% racial/ethnic minority, and 45% homeless/unstably housed, we identified 3 major themes: (1) Individuals experienced immediate ART encounters as supportive; (2) individuals viewed immediate ART as sensible; and (3) immediate ART offered emotional relief by offsetting fears of death and providing agency over one’s health. Reasons for declining immediate ART ranged from simply needing a few more days to complex interactions of logistical and psychosocial barriers.

Conclusions
Immediate ART was highly acceptable to urban persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection. Immediate ART was viewed as a natural next step after HIV diagnosis and provided a sense of control over one’s health, mitigating anxiety over a decline in physical health. As such, immediate ART somewhat eased but in no way obviated the psychosocial challenges of HIV diagnosis.
Fundamental parameters for 30 faint open clusters with Gaia EDR3 based on the more reliable members
Authors: Ding Xu , Ji Kai-Fan , Li Xu-Zhi , Cheng Qi-Yuan , Wang Jin-Liang , Yu Xiao-Guang , Liu Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An open cluster is an ideal region to study the evolution of stars. In this work, we use Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) to derive the fundamental parameters of 30 faint open clusters listed in the catalogue given by Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018, A&A, 618, A93), but the G magnitude of all of the member stars of that catalogue is brighter than ∼18 mag. This catalogue does not provide isochrone fitting parameters and spatial structure parameters. We acquired the member stars of 30 open clusters using the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise algorithm in Gaia EDR3. The G magnitude of the member stars using our method can be found down to ∼21 mag. The G-band, GBP-band, and GRP-band data of the member stars construct a good color–magnitude diagram, which can further ensure the precision of isochrone fitting. We also calculated the spatial structure parameters, which are the core radius and the limiting radius, using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm.
Dragged surfaces. On the accretion tori in the ergoregion
Authors: Pugliese Daniela , Stuchlík Zdenek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We discuss the conditions for the existence of extended matter configurations orbiting in the ergoregion or close to the outer ergosurface of the Kerr black hole (“dragged” configurations). The co-rotating tori under consideration are perfect fluid configurations with barotropic equations of state, orbiting on the equatorial plane of the central Kerr black hole. The possibility of magnetized tori with a toroidal magnetic field is also discussed. Indications on the attractors where dragged tori can be observed are provided with the analysis of the fluid characteristics and geometrical features, relevant for the torus stability and their observations. QPO emissions from the inner edges of the dragged tori are also discussed. We argue that the smaller dragged tori could be subjected to a characteristic instability: the effect of the frame-dragging. This possibility is thoroughly explored. This can finally lead to the destruction of the torus (disk exfoliation) which can combine with accretion and processes present in the region very close to the black hole horizon. Tori are characterized according to the central attractor dimensionless spin. These structures can be observed in orbiting black holes with dimensionless spin a &gt; 0.9897 M.
Firm Heterogeneity in Consumption Baskets: Evidence from Home and Store Scanner Data
Authors: Faber Benjamin , Fally Thibault 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA growing literature has documented the role of firm heterogeneity within sectors for nominal income inequality. This article explores the implications for household price indices across the income distribution. Using detailed matched U.S. home and store scanner microdata, we present evidence that rich and poor households source their consumption differently across the firm size distribution within disaggregated product groups. We use the data to examine alternative explanations, propose a tractable quantitative model with two-sided heterogeneity that rationalizes the observed moments, and calibrate it to explore general equilibrium counterfactuals. We find that larger, more productive firms sort into catering to the taste of richer households, and that this gives rise to asymmetric effects on household price indices. We quantify these effects in the context of policy counterfactuals that affect the distribution of disposable incomes on the demand side or profits across firms on the supply side.
From Memories of Past Experiences to Present Motivation? A Meta-analysis on the Association Between Episodic Memory and Negative Symptoms in People With Psychosis
Authors: Pillny Matthias , Krkovic Katarina , Buck Laura , Lincoln Tania M 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on findings from cognitive science, it has been theorized that the reductions in motivation and goal-directed behavior in people with psychosis could stem from impaired episodic memory. In the current meta-analysis, we investigated this putative functional link between episodic memory deficits and negative symptoms. We hypothesized that episodic memory deficits in psychosis would be related to negative symptoms in general but would be more strongly related to amotivation than to reduced expressivity. We included 103 eligible studies (13,622 participants) in the analyses. Results revealed significant, moderate negative associations of episodic memory with negative symptoms in general (k = 103; r = −.23; z = −13.40; P ≤ .001; 95% CI [−.26; −.20]), with amotivation (k = 16; r = −.18; z = −6.6; P ≤ .001; 95% CI [−.23; −.13]) and with reduced expressivity (k = 15; r = −.18; z = −3.30; P ≤.001; 95% CI[−.29; −.07]). These associations were not moderated by sociodemographic characteristics, positive symptoms, depression, antipsychotic medication or type of negative symptom scale. Although these findings provide sound evidence for the association between episodic memory deficits and amotivation, the rather small magnitude and the unspecific pattern of this relationship also indicate that episodic memory deficits are unlikely to be the only factor relevant to amotivation. This implicates that future research should investigate episodic memory in conjunction with other factors that could account for the association of episodic memory deficits and amotivation in psychosis.
Association Between Childhood Visual Acuity and Late Adolescent Psychotic Experiences: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Shoham Natalie , Hayes Joseph F , Cooper Claudia , Theodorsson Magnus , Lewis Gemma 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A cross-sectional association between visual impairment and psychosis exists, but longitudinal evidence from children and young people is limited. We investigated whether childhood visual acuity was associated with subsequent psychotic experiences. Our sample was 6686 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We investigated whether our primary exposures, best corrected visual acuity at ages 7 and 11, were associated with psychotic experiences at ages 17 and 24. We also tested whether the following exposures at ages 7 and 11 were associated with subsequent psychotic experiences: requiring glasses, presence of any visual impairment, and between-eye visual acuity difference; and at age 7: strabismus, measures of binocular vision, history of eye patch, near vision impairment, and abnormal saccadic or pursuit eye movements. Analyses used multilevel models before and after adjusting for confounders. Odds of psychotic experiences increased with each 0.1-point deterioration in visual acuity score at age 11 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.42), and at age 7 (AOR 1.18; 95% CI 1.00–1.40). Wearing glasses and visual impairment at age 11 were associated with psychotic experiences (AOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.21–2.19; AOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.23–2.19, respectively). There was no evidence of an association with other visual exposures. Visual acuity impairment in childhood is associated with psychotic experiences in late adolescence. Future research should aim to elucidate the nature of this association.
Fruit tree crop models: an update
Authors: Grisafi Francesca , DeJong Theodore M , Tombesi Sergio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFunctional structural plant models of tree crops are useful tools that were introduced more than two decades ago. They can represent the growth and development of a plant through the in silico simulation of the 3D architecture in connection with physiological processes. In tree crops, physiological processes such as photosynthesis, carbon allocation and growth are usually integrated into these models, although other functions such as water and nutrient uptake are often disregarded. The implementation of the 3D architecture involves different techniques such as L-system frameworks, pipe model concepts and Markovian models to simulate branching processes, bud fates and elongation of stems based on the production of metamers. The simulation of root architecture is still a challenge for researchers due to a limited amount of information and experimental issues in dealing with roots, because root development is not based on the production of metamers. This review aims to focus on functional–structural models of fruit tree crops, highlighting their physiological components. The potential and limits of these tools are reviewed to point out the topics that still need more attention.
Plate-Assisted Bone Segment Transport Versus Precice Bone Transport Nail
Authors: Gardner Matthew P. , Beason Austin M. 
Published: September 2021

Summary:
Management of segmental long bone defects is a complex and challenging undertaking for orthopaedic surgeons. These defects can be encountered in cases of high-energy trauma, tumor resection, or infection, and they are often associated with significant soft tissue injury. Traditional approaches of bone transport rely on external fixation and principles of distraction osteogenesis. Plate-assisted bone segment transport (PABST) using the Precice limb lengthening nail has been adapted for use in bone transport with the use of a plate in an effort to eliminate the need for external fixation and its associated complications. Recently, the arrival of the Precice Bone Transport (PBT) System intramedullary nail eliminates the need for plating and some of the problems encountered in PABST; however, it also introduces some new issues. PABST and the PBT nail have become viable alternatives to bone transport using a frame; however, each has its own unique set of advantages and disadvantages. Although the problems of using external fixation devices are eliminated with these techniques, there is less forgiveness in execution and very little chance of correcting as the transport is underway. The arrival of the PBT nail does not eliminate the need for PABST as seen by the difficulty maintaining alignment in short metaphyseal segments. This review reflects the current state of these methods based on available evidence; however, optimization of the protocol for transport using PABST and the PBT nail will require additional cases and data.
Biomechanics of Osteoporotic Fracture Care: Advances in Locking Plate and Intramedullary Nail Technology
Authors: Aneja Arun , Teasdall Robert J. , Graves Matt L. 
Published: September 2021

Summary:
Osteoporotic fractures are extremely common and will continue to increase. Methods of internal fixation must address challenges presented by architectural changes of weakened bone. The goals of surgery are to provide mechanically stable internal fixation with minimal biologic insult that provides rapid rehabilitation and early mobilization. Novel techniques and technology that reinforce preservation of periosteal blood supply and utilization of biomechanically stable constructs diminish failure rates. Advents in locking plate technology, intramedullary nail designs, bone augmentation, and multiple implant constructs maximize strength while mitigating axial, torsional, and bending failure modes to provide optimal patient outcomes.
Prevalence and characteristics of drug-drug interactions among hospitalised patients in the Capital Region of Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Hans Kristian Råket , Sørensen Anne Mette Skov , Schelde Astrid Blicher , Nyeland Martin Erik , Jimenez-Solem Espen 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Previous studies on the prevalence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) have largely been restricted to specific hospital departments. We identified common drug combinations and potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in an entire hospital population throughout 1 year. Frequently administered drug combinations involved analgesics, cardiovascular medicines and gastrointestinal medicines. The prevalence of pDDIs among newly hospitalised patients was 2.6%. The most common pDDIs were ibuprofen – paracetamol, pantoprazole – paracetamol and morphine – paracetamol. Critical pDDIs were rare and only accounted for 0.4% of pDDIs.