bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer‐term effects of supervised physical activity on obstructive sleep apnea and subsequent health consequences
Authors: Berger Mathieu , Barthélémy Jean‐Claude , Garet Martin , Raffin Jérémy , Labeix Pierre , Roche Frédéric , Hupin David 
Published: March 2021

Although recent trials have shown promising benefits of exercise on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, the long‐term effect of these interventions remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 9‐month community physical activity program on OSA severity one year later in free‐living conditions. OSA patients, previously included in a 9‐month randomized controlled trial (EXESAS study) evaluating the effects of supervised community physical activity on OSA severity, were invited to participate in an extra one‐year observational study. Twenty‐eight patients completed the study. Although OSA severity did not significantly worsen over the real‐life period (9 to 21 months of follow‐up), reductions in apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index were no longer significant after 21 months of follow‐up compared to baseline (baseline AHI: 22.2 ± 6.3 /h; 9 months: 16.3 ± 6.4 /h; 21 months: 18.7 ± 8.9 /h). Benefits observed at 9 months on daytime sleepiness and mental health were preserved at 21 months, whereas cardiorespiratory fitness slightly decreased. Per‐protocol analysis revealed that patients who stopped exercise at 9 months had worsened OSA severity compared to those who continued exercise during the real‐life period (AHI: +9.0 ± 8.8 vs. −1.3 ± 5.3 /h; p < .01). In conclusion, our study suggested that improvements in OSA severity remain transient and is dependent on long‐term adherence to regular physical activity practice.
An activity‐based framework for detecting human movement patterns in an urban environment
Authors: Hosseinpoor Milaghardan Amin , Ali Abbaspour Rahim , Claramunt Christophe , Chehreghan Alireza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe continuous development of positioning technologies and computing solutions for the integration of large trajectory data sets offers many novel research opportunities. Among various research domains, the extraction of users' movement patterns is an important issue that is yet to be addressed. While many previous studies have analyzed human and animal movements from a predominantly geometrical point of view, additional semantics are still required to provide a better understanding of the patterns that emerge. User activity data provide important information resources to analyze and predict movement patterns in urban environments. This study introduces a computational framework that combines the geometric and activity‐based dimensions of human trajectories. First, the geometrical dimension considers a series of parameters (i.e., turning points, curvature, and self‐intersection) that are extracted by a convex‐hull algorithm and characterizes a given trajectory. Second, user activity transitions are modeled and then denote some recurrent patterns. Finally, geometric and activity patterns are integrated into a unified trajectory modeling framework. This favors the analysis of human movement patterns by taking into account the geometric and activity dimensions. The entire approach and framework have experimented with the LifeMap Korean trajectory data set commonly considered as a reference benchmark. The experiments showed how the integration of geometrical and activity‐based dimensions could provide a better understanding of the patterns and trends that emerge from a large trajectory data set.
Lessons learned in the collection of convalescent plasma during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wendel Silvano , Land Kevin , Devine Dana V. , Daly James , Bazin Renée , Tiberghien Pierre , Lee Cheuk‐Kwong , Arora Satyam , Patidar Gopal K. , Khillan Kamini , Smid Willem Martin , Vrielink Hans , Oreh Adaeze , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Hindawi Salwa , Vermeulen Marion , Louw Vernon , Burnouf Thierry , Bloch Evan M. , Goel Ruchika , Townsend Mary , So‐Osman Cynthia 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe lack of definitive treatment or preventative options for COVID‐19 led many clinicians early on to consider convalescent plasma (CCP) as potentially therapeutic. Regulators, blood centres and hospitals worldwide worked quickly to get CCP to the bedside. Although response was admirable, several areas have been identified to help improve future pandemic management.Materials and methodsA multidisciplinary, multinational subgroup from the ISBT Working Group on COVID‐19 was tasked with drafting a manuscript that describes the lessons learned pertaining to procurement and administration of CCP, derived from a comprehensive questionnaire within the subgroup.ResultsWhile each country’s responses and preparedness for the pandemic varied, there were shared challenges, spanning supply chain disruptions, staffing, impact of social distancing on the collection of regular blood and CCP products, and the availability of screening and confirmatory SARS‐CoV‐2 testing for donors and patients. The lack of a general framework to organize data gathering across clinical trials and the desire to provide a potentially life‐saving therapeutic through compassionate use hampered the collection of much‐needed safety and outcome data worldwide. Communication across all stakeholders was identified as being central to reducing confusion.ConclusionThe need for flexibility and adaptability remains paramount when dealing with a pandemic. As the world approaches the first anniversary of the COVID‐19 pandemic with rising rates worldwide and over 115 million cases and 2·55 million deaths, respectively, it is important to reflect on how to better prepare for future pandemics as we continue to combat the current one.
Survival time of juvenile dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery alone: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study
Authors: Sharma Surabhi , Boston Sarah E. , Skinner Owen T. , Perry James A. , Verstraete Frank J. M. , Lee Da Bin , Van Stee Lucinda L. L. , Thompson Chris , Boylan Matthew , McKee Talon , Bergman Philip J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the signalment, staging, surgical treatment, and survival time of juvenile dogs treated surgically for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Study designRetrospective study.Animals or sample populationTwenty‐five dogs, <2 years of age with OSCC treated with surgery.MethodsCases were solicited from the Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology. Data retrieved included sex, breed, age, weight, clinical signs, tumor location, preoperative diagnostics and staging, histopathological diagnosis with margin evaluation, disease‐free interval, and date and cause of death. A minimum follow‐up time of 3 months was required for inclusion.ResultsEighteen dogs were <12 months of age, and seven were <24 months. Various breeds were represented, with a mean body weight of 22.3 ± 14.4 kg. No dogs had evidence of metastatic disease prior to surgery. All dogs underwent partial maxillectomy or mandibulectomy. Histological margins were complete in 24 dogs and incomplete in one. No dogs had evidence of metastatic disease or tumor recurrence. The median follow‐up time was 1556 days (92 to 4234 days). All dogs were alive at the last follow‐up except for one documented death, due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Median disease‐specific survival time was not reached.ConclusionThe prognosis after wide surgical excision of OSCC in juvenile dogs was excellent.Clinical significanceOSCC in juvenile dogs can be effectively treated with surgery alone.
The role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum: A systematic review and personal experience
Authors: Almeida Ivan R. , Coltro Pedro S. , Gonçalves Henrique O. C. , Westin Andrezza T. , Almeida Juliano B. , Lima Renan V. K. S. , Silva Marcelo F. , Farina Junior Jayme A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare painful ulcerative neutrophilic inflammatory skin disease, necessitating a high level of diagnostic suspicion associated with appropriate treatment to avoid progression. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been efficiently used in the treatment of different types of wounds. However, the role of NPWT in the management of PG is still controversial, due to the risk of the pathergy phenomenon. In this article, we conducted a systematic review (according to the PRISMA guidelines) on the use of NPWT in the treatment of PG, and we report our personal experience with two patients treated with this device. The result of the review showed that articles on the topic are, in their entirety, of low levels of evidence, such as case series, case reports, and reviews. Improvement in wound healing with the use of NPWT was observed in 85.1% of the patients studied. Besides, a significant association between improvement in wound healing with NPWT and immunosuppressive therapy was observed. Regarding the cases reported here, both showed good outcomes with the use of NPWT and skin graft during the treatment of PG injuries. Due to the rarity of PG, there is a scarcity of studies with robust evidence for standardization and comparison between treatments, which consequently makes it difficult to select therapeutic options. However, based on this systematic review and reported cases, we consider NPWT a safe option for adjuvant treatment of wounds caused by PG if combined with systemic immunosuppression, which plays a key role in greater chances of successful treatment. This approach should be recommended, whenever possible, associated with skin grafting to accelerate wound closure. The role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review and personal experience.
Shape Optimization of Rectangular Plates for Vibration-Based Fatigue Testing
Authors: Furman Brandon A. , Hill Benjamin D. , German Emma E. , Scott-Emuakpor Onome , Berke Ryan B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In vibration-based high cycle fatigue testing, a base-excited plate is driven at a high frequency resonant mode until failure. In one vibration-based method involving a cantilevered square plate, a mode often referred to as the “two-stripe” mode is sometimes used because it exists at high frequencies and produces large uniaxial bending stresses along the free edge that are suitable for fatigue testing. The purpose of this work is to precisely investigate how the dimensions of a more generally rectangular plate influence performance when driven at the two-stripe mode. Included are the results of many thousands of modal analysis simulations. From these simulations, general trends with respect to resonant frequencies, frequency isolation, and stress fields in the plate are examined. Results of select geometries were then experimentally validated using a 1000 lb shaker. It is generally shown that, compared with square plates, rectangular plates with 1.37 length-to-width ratio exhibit more favorable stress distributions and frequency isolation. Recommendations are also given for how to quickly select preferable plate dimensions when planning a test based around the operating frequencies of the test setup.
On the Complex Simulations With Dark–Bright to the Hirota–Maccari System
Authors: Yel Gulnur , Cattani Carlo , Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Gao Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the coupled nonlinear Hirota–Maccari system with the help of using an analytical approach, which is the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method (ShGEEM). Complex, solitary, and singular periodic traveling solutions are successfully gained to the nonlinear model considered. The constraint conditions that validate the existence of the reported soliton solutions are also given in a detailed manner. The two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional, and contour graphs to some of the obtained solutions are presented via several computational programs. These simulations present deeper investigations about the wave distributions of the coupled nonlinear Hirota–Maccari system.
Multiparameter Real-World System Identification Using Iterative Residual Tuning
Authors: Allevato Adam , Pryor Mitch , Thomaz Andrea L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, we consider the problem of nonlinear system identification using data to learn multiple and often coupled parameters that allow a simulator to more accurately model a physical system or mechanism and close the so-called reality gap for more accurate robot control. Our approach uses iterative residual tuning (IRT), a recently developed derivative-free system identification technique that utilizes neural networks and visual observation to estimate parameter differences between a proposed model and a target model. We develop several modifications to the basic IRT approach and apply it to the system identification of a five-parameter model of a marble rolling in a robot-controlled labyrinth game mechanism. We validate our technique both in simulation—where we outperform two baselines—and on a real system, where we achieve marble tracking error of 4% after just five optimization iterations.
Heat Dissipation System Based on Electromagnetic-Driven Rotational Flow of Liquid Metal Coolant
Authors: Wang L. , Zhang X. D. , Liu J. , Zhou Y. X. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Liquid metal owns the highest thermal conductivity among all the currently available fluid materials. This property enables it to be a powerful coolant for the thermal management of large power device or high flux chip. In this paper, a high-efficiency heat dissipation system based on the electromagnetic-driven rotational flow of liquid metal was demonstrated. The velocity distribution of the liquid metal was theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated. The results showed that the velocity was distributed unevenly along longitudinal section and the maximum velocity appears near the anode. On the temperature distribution profile of the heat dissipation system, the temperature on the electric heater side was much higher than the other regions and the role of the rotated liquid metal was to homogenize the temperature of the system. To analyze the heat dissipation of the system performance, a second-order R-C network thermal resistance model of the experimental device was established with the parameters determined. The total thermal resistance of the dissipation system presented an increasing tendency with the increase of the heating power and gradually stabilized to about 4.42 °C/W. Besides, the relationship between the temperature of the electric heater and the heating power was experimentally determined. And it exhibits linear characteristic with the slope value of about 1.033 oC/W. With such corresponding relations, the heating power could be conveniently determined once the maximum control temperature was given. The heat dissipation method introduced in the paper provides a novel way for fabricating compact chip cooling system.
The Bochner–Schoenberg–Eberlein property for amalgamated duplication of Banach algebras
Authors: Ebadian Ali , Jabbari Ali 
Published: March 2021

The Bochner–Schoenberg–Eberlein (BSE)-property on commutative Banach algebras is a property related to multiplier algebras of Banach algebras. In this paper, we answer the problem (12) raised by Javanshiri and Nemati in [Amalgamated duplication of the Banach algebra [Formula: see text] along a [Formula: see text]-bimodule [Formula: see text], J. Algebra Appl. 17(9) (2018) 1850169-1–1850169-21]. In this paper, under certain conditions, we show that the amalgamated Banach algebra [Formula: see text] is BSE-algebra if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are BSE-algebras.
The Mole, Avogadro’s Number and Albert Einstein
Authors: Nordén Bengt 
Published: March 2021

The mole a concept and Avogadro’s number are discussed as sought by Albert Einstein in his PhD thesis of 1905. Einstein would probably have regarded the metric system of units based on centimetre-gram-second (cgs) preferable to today’s SI system and specifically he would have rejected a recent SI suggestion to redefine Avogadro’s constant as based on a nonatomistic continuum description of matter. He would probably also have preferred keeping a dualistic definition of mole able of bookkeeping both mass and number of particles: we advocate that here and call it the ‘Einstein Definition’ and as Avogadro’s number we shall adopt an integer, the cube of 84446888 as suggested by Fox and Hill, providing also a definition of the kilogram based on the atomic mass of the carbon 12 isotope. Einstein was the first to explain the microscopic movements of pollen grains reported by Robert Brown in 1828 and his explanation that the particles move as a result of an unequal number of water molecules bumping into them from opposite sides was what finally made the scientific world accept the atom theory in its modern shape. In a cosmic diffusion analogy, pollen or bacterial spores moving randomly in outer space driven by the solar winds between solar systems can be envisaged. Applying Einstein’s diffusion theory, one can argue that life might have emerged from far outside of our planet from billions of solar systems, though not from outside of our Milky Way galaxy. As a curiosity we note that the number of solar systems (stars) in the Universe has been estimated to be of the order of Avogadro’s number. a Etymology: “Mole” was derived from French Molécule (extremely small particle) or diminutive from Greek [Formula: see text] (molos= substance). In analogy with atom, derived from Greek atomos or atemnein, uncleavable, we may thus interpret molecule as the smallest part that a substance can be divided into without losing its chemical character.
Adipokines and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Post‐Menopausal Women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Everson‐Rose Susan A. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma J. M. , El Khoudary Samar R. , Huang Hsin‐Hui , Wang Qi , Janssen Imke , Thurston Rebecca C. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Lewis Melissa E. , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie , Mancuso Peter , Derby Carol A. 
Published: March 2021

Background
The menopausal transition is characterized by increased cardiovascular risk, weight gain, and increased adiposity for many women. The adipose‐derived secretory proteins adiponectin and leptin are associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease but their role in subclinical atherosclerotic disease is unclear. This cross‐sectional study evaluated the associations of adiponectin and leptin with carotid artery intima‐media thickness, adventitial diameter, presence of carotid plaques, and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in women aged 54 to 65 years.

Methods and Results
Participants were 1399 women from SWAN (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation), a community‐based study of women transitioning through menopause. Carotid ultrasound and baPWV measures were obtained at SWAN follow‐up visits 12 or 13, when 97% of participants were post‐menopausal. Adipokines were assayed from serum specimens obtained concurrently at these visits. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate adiponectin or leptin, both log‐transformed attributable to skewness, in relationship to carotid artery intima‐media thickness, adventitial diameter, baPWV, and presence of carotid plaque. Covariates included age, race, study site, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and menopausal status. Lower levels of adiponectin were related to greater carotid artery intima‐media thickness, wider adventitial diameter, and faster baPWV; associations were attenuated after adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Higher levels of leptin were associated with greater carotid artery intima‐media thickness and wider adventitial diameter in minimally and fully adjusted models, and contrary to expectation, with slower baPWV, particularly among women with diabetes mellitus or obesity.

Conclusions
Adiponectin and leptin are 2 important inflammatory pathways that may contribute to adverse subclinical cardiovascular disease risk profiles in women at midlife.
Factors Associated With a Delay in Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wang Melinda , Huang Julian , Chagpar Anees B. 
Published: March 2021

Background While the optimal time interval between mastectomy and postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) has not been well-elucidated, a delay in PMRT has been associated with increased local recurrence. We sought to determine factors associated with a delay in PMRT beyond 12 weeks in patients not undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Medical records of breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017 who subsequently received PMRT were retrospectively reviewed. As adjuvant chemotherapy can delay PMRT, patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Factors associated with a delay in PMRT (defined as > 12 weeks from the time of mastectomy) were analyzed. Results Among the 89 patients who met our inclusion criteria, the mean time from mastectomy to PMRT was 11.4 weeks. 24 patients (27.0%) had PMRT > 12 weeks after mastectomy. Factors associated with a delay in PMRT included black race ( P = 0.031), younger age ( P = 0.047), higher body mass index ( P = 0.015), contralateral prophylactic mastectomy ( P = 0.033), longer initial hospital length of stay ( P = 0.001), and more complications ( P = 0.025). On multivariable analysis controlling for all of these factors, only initial hospital length of stay (OR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.07-2.49; P = 0.024) was associated with a delay in PMRT. Conclusion Over a quarter of patients not undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy have a delay in PMRT beyond 12 weeks from the time of mastectomy. Length of initial hospital stay is the key driver in delaying PMRT.
Injury and Mortality Profiles in Level II and III Trauma Centers
Authors: Farhat Ali , Grigorian Areg , Farhat Ahmed , Chin Theresa L. , Donnelly Megan , Dolich Matthew , Kuza Catherine M. , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: March 2021

Background While the benefit of admission to trauma centers compared to non-trauma centers is well-documented and differences in outcomes between Level-I and Level-II trauma centers are well-studied, data on the differences in outcomes between Level-II trauma centers (L2TCs) and Level-III trauma centers (L3TCs) are scarce. Objectives We sought to compare mortality risk between patients admitted to L2TCs and L3TCs, hypothesizing no difference in mortality risk for patients treated at L3TCs compared to L2TCs. Methods A retrospective analysis of the 2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database was performed. Patients aged 18+ years were divided into 2 groups, those treated at American College of Surgeons (ACS) verified L2TCs and L3TCs. Results From 74,486 patients included in this study, 74,187 (99.6%) were treated at L2TCs and 299 (.4%) at L3TCs. Both groups had similar median injury severity scores (ISSs) (10 vs 10, P < .001); however, L2TCs had a higher mean ISS (14.6 vs 11.9). There was a higher mortality rate for L2TC patients (6.0% vs 1.7%, P = .002) but no difference in associated risk of mortality between the 2 groups (OR .46, CI .14-1.50, P = .199) after adjusting predictors of mortality. L2TC patients had a longer median length of stay (5.0 vs 3.5 days, P < .001). There was no difference in other outcomes including myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ( P > .05). Discussion Patients treated at L2TCs had a longer LOS compared to L3TCs. However, after controlling for covariates, there was no difference in associated mortality risk between L2TC and L3TC patients.