bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the 0D/2D Interface of Hybrid Semiconductors for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performances
Authors: Li Faying , Benetti Daniele , Zhang Min , Feng Jinhui , Wei Qin , Rosei Federico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) solar‐driven hydrogen production is a promising route to convert solar energy into chemical energy using semiconductors as active materials. However, the performance is still far from satisfactory due to a limited absorption range and rapid charge recombination. Compared to 3D semiconductors, 0D/2D nanohybrids may exhibit better PEC performance, due to the formation of an intimate interface between the two semiconductors that can inhibit carrier recombination. Herein, a photoelectrode based on a 0D/2D heterojunction is constructed by 0D metal chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) and hierarchical 2D Zn‐MoS2 nanosheets (NSs). The effect of PbS, CdS, and their composite PbS@CdS QDs is analyzed by depositing them onto Zn‐MoS2 NSs using an in situ process. This distinctive heterojunction can leverage the light harvesting capabilities of QDs with the catalytic performance of Zn‐MoS2. Compared to Zn‐MoS2, Zn‐MoS2/PbS, and Zn‐MoS2/CdS, the obtained 0D/2D heterostructure based on the composite Zn‐MoS2/PbS@CdS has a significantly enhanced photocurrent. The synergistic effect between 0D/2D heterojunction, the extended absorption range of QDs, and the strong coupling and band alignment between them lead to superior solar‐driven PEC performance. This work can provide a new platform to construct multifunctional 0D/2D nanohybrids for optoelectronic applications, not limited to PEC devices.
The ScotoSinglet Model: a scalar singlet extension of the Scotogenic Model
Authors: Beniwal Ankit , Herrero-García Juan , Leerdam Nicholas , White Martin , Williams Anthony G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Scotogenic Model is one of the most minimal models to account for both neutrino masses and dark matter (DM). In this model, neutrino masses are generated at the one-loop level, and in principle, both the lightest fermion singlet and the lightest neutral component of the scalar doublet can be viable DM candidates. However, the correct DM relic abundance can only be obtained in somewhat small regions of the parameter space, as there are strong constraints stemming from lepton flavour violation, neutrino masses, electroweak precision tests and direct detection. For the case of scalar DM, a sufficiently large lepton-number-violating coupling is required, whereas for fermionic DM, coannihilations are typically necessary. In this work, we study how the new scalar singlet modifies the phenomenology of the Scotogenic Model, particularly in the case of scalar DM. We find that the new singlet modifies both the phenomenology of neutrino masses and scalar DM, and opens up a large portion of the parameter space of the original model.
1-loop matching of a thermal Lorentz force
Authors: Laine M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Studying the diffusion and kinetic equilibration of heavy quarks within a hot QCD medium profits from the knowledge of a coloured Lorentz force that acts on them. Starting from the spatial components of the vector current, and carrying out two matching computations, one for the heavy quark mass scale (M) and another for thermal scales $$ \left(\sqrt{MT},T\right) $$

MT

T

, we determine 1-loop matching coefficients for the electric and magnetic parts of a Lorentz force. The magnetic part has a non-zero anomalous dimension, which agrees with that extracted from two other considerations, one thermal and the other in vacuum. The matching coefficient could enable a lattice study of a colour-magnetic 2-point correlator.
Distribution of Cracks in a Chain of Atoms at Low Temperature
Authors: Jansen Sabine , König Wolfgang , Schmidt Bernd , Theil Florian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider a one-dimensional classical many-body system with interaction potential of Lennard–Jones type in the thermodynamic limit at low temperature $$1/\beta \in (0,\infty )$$

1
/
β
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

. The ground state is a periodic lattice. We show that when the density is strictly smaller than the density of the ground state lattice, the system with N particles fills space by alternating approximately crystalline domains (clusters) with empty domains (voids) due to cracked bonds. The number of domains is of the order of $$N\exp (- \beta e_\mathrm {surf}/2)$$

N
exp
(
-
β

e
surf

/
2
)

with $$e_\mathrm {surf}>0$$

e
surf

>
0

a surface energy. For the proof, the system is mapped to an effective model, which is a low-density lattice gas of defects. The results require conditions on the interactions between defects. We succeed in verifying these conditions for next-nearest neighbor interactions, applying recently derived uniform estimates of correlations.
Gliflozine – in Zukunft Kardioprotektiva?
Authors: Rauch-Kröhnert Ursula , Landmesser Ulf 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungGliflozine (Inhibitoren der „sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter“, SGLT) sind Arzneistoffe, die ursprünglich zur Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus eingesetzt und der Gruppe der Antidiabetika zugeordnet wurden. Seit November 2020 ist mit Dapagliflozin erstmalig ein SGLT2-Inhibitor zur Behandlung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz (mit reduzierter linksventrikulärer Funktion), unabhängig vom Diabetesstatus, zugelassen worden. Das Präparat Empagliflozin hat gerade – im Juni 2021 – von der europäischen Arzneimittelbehörde (EMA) eine Zulassung für die Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion erhalten. Somit stehen verschiedene Gliflozine nicht nur zur Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus, sondern auch der Herzinsuffizienz zur Verfügung. Der vorliegende Beitrag vermittelt Grundlagenkenntnisse zu den Gliflozinen und bietet eine Übersicht zur ihrer Bedeutung sowohl in der Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 als auch aufgrund ihrer kardio- und nephroprotektiven Funktion.
Design of a contactless powered and piezoelectric-actuated tool for non-resonant low-frequency vibration-assisted machining of brittle-hard materials
Authors: Brier Jens , Bleicher Friedrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUltrasonic-assisted grinding (UAG) is the state-of-the-art process for machining of brittle-hard materials. In comparison to conventional processes, the main advantages lie in the reduction of tool wear and process forces. Such a vibration system is based on a resonant actuator and a power supply unit generating the alternating current. Both units are interconnected by a contactless energy transfer (CET) system. This system configuration shows one optimal working point at the resonant frequency with maximum amplitude, which is significantly depending on the tool shape. In this work, a piezo-activated tool system is designed to realize non-resonant low-frequency vibrations. Major emphasis is put on the thermal behavior of the piezo drive, particularly on the in-process heating depending on the working frequency. In addition, focus lays on the theoretical and numerical design of the radial operating transducer CET system for a previously set actuator design. As a result, this system configuration offers a fully variable adjustment of the amplitude from under 1 to over 50 μm at frequency range. Outside this range, higher amplitudes can be achieved for short periods to the detriment of the fatigue strength according to FKM.
Influence of monoterpenoids on the growth of freshwater cyanobacteria
Authors: Balcerzak Lucyna , Lochyński Stanisław , Lipok Jacek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cyanobacteria are characterized by a very high tolerance to environmental factors. They are found in salt water, fresh water, thermal springs, and Antarctic waters. The wide spectrum of habitats suitable for those microorganisms is related to their particularly effective metabolism; resistance to extreme environmental conditions; and the need for only limited environmental resources such as water, carbon dioxide, simple inorganic salts, and light. These metabolic characteristics have led to cyanobacterial blooms and the production of cyanotoxins, justifying research into effective ways to counteract the excessive proliferation of these microorganisms. A new and interesting idea for the immediate reduction of cyanobacterial abundance is to use natural substances with broad-spectrum biological activity to restore phytoplankton diversity. This study describes the effects of selected monoterpenoid derivatives on the development of cyanobacterial cultures. In the course of the study, some compounds ((±)-citronellal, (+)-α-pinene) showed the ability to inhibit the colonization of the tested photosynthetic bacteria, while others (eugenol, eucalyptol) stimulated the growth of these microorganisms. By analyzing the results of these experiments, information was obtained on the mutual relations of cyanobacteria and the tested monoterpenes, which are present in the aquatic environment.

Key points
• Monoterpenoids significantly inhibit the growth of single cyanobacterial strains.
• Monoterpenoids can inhibit the growth of cyanobacterial consortia.
• Natural substances can control the growth of freshwater cyanobacteria.
Cholangiojejunostomy Using a Novel Magnamosis Device: Initial Clinical Results
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Xue‐min , Zhang Hong‐ke , Zhang Xu‐feng , Tang Bo , Bai Ji‐gang , Lv Yi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCholangiojejunostomy (CJ) is a popular operation; however, no specific anastomotic device is available. A novel magnamosis device for CJ was developed in 2017; here, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of the device.MethodsBetween January 2017 and December 2019, 23 patients who underwent CJ using a novel magnamosis device were enrolled. For the CJ: the parent magnet was placed in the proximal duct, and the purse–string suture was tightened over the rod of the parent magnet. The magnamosis device was introduced into the jejunum, and the mandrel penetrated the jejunum at the anastomotic site, before insertion into the rod of the parent magnet. After rotating the knob, the distance between two magnets was shortened enough to achieve coupling.ResultsSixteen patients (69.6%) underwent open CJ, while 7 (30.4%) underwent laparoscopic CJ; 21 patients (91.3%) underwent choledochojejunostomy, and 2 (8.7%) underwent right or left hepatic duct jejunostomy. The mean time for completion of CJ was 9.2±2.5 min; it was significantly shorter for open CJ than for the laparoscopic way (8±1.2 min vs. 11.8±2.5 min, P<0.05). Only one patient (4.3%) suffered bile leakage after operation and was cured by conservative treatment. The magnets were discharged with a postoperative duration of 66.7±47.2 days, with a 100% expulsion rate. After a median follow‐up of 15 months, only one patient (4.3%) developed inflammatory anastomotic stricture.ConclusionThe novel magnamosis device is a simple, safe, and effective modality for CJ.
Deep neck infections with and without mediastinal involvement: treatment and outcome in 218 patients
Authors: Gehrke Thomas , Scherzad Agmal , Hagen Rudolf , Hackenberg Stephan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Infections of the deep neck, although becoming scarcer due to the widespread use of antibiotics, still represent a dangerous and possibly deadly disease, especially when descending into the mediastinum. Due to the different specialities involved in the treatment and the heterogenous presentation of the disease, therapeutic standard is still controversial. This study analyzes treatment and outcome in these patients based on a large retrospective review and proposes a therapeutic algorithm.

Methods
The cases of 218 adult patients treated with deep neck abscesses over a 10-year period at a tertiary university hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical, radiological, microbiological and laboratory findings were compared between patients with and without mediastinal involvement.

Results
Forty-five patients (20.64%) presented with abscess formation descending into the mediastinum. Those patients had significantly (all items p < 0.0001) higher rates of surgical interventions (4.27 vs. 1.11) and tracheotomies (82% vs. 3.4%), higher markers of inflammation (CRP 26.09 vs. 10.41 mg/dl), required more CT-scans (3.58 vs. 0.85), longer hospitalization (39.78 vs 9.79 days) and more frequently needed a change in antibiotic therapy (44.44% vs. 6.40%). Multi-resistant pathogens were found in 6.67% vs. 1.16%. Overall mortality rate was low with 1.83%.

Conclusion
Despite of the high percentage of mediastinal involvement in the present patient collective, the proposed therapeutic algorithm resulted in a low mortality rate. Frequent CT-scans, regular planned surgical revisions with local drainage and lavage, as well as an early tracheotomy seem to be most beneficial regarding the outcome.
Two billion years of episodic and simultaneous websteritic and eclogitic diamond formation beneath the Orapa kimberlite cluster, Botswana
Authors: Gress M. U. , Timmerman S. , Chinn I. L. , Koornneef J. M. , Thomassot E. , van der Valk E. A. S. , van Zuilen K. , Bouden N. , Davies G. R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Sm–Nd isotope systematics and geochemistry of eclogitic, websteritic and peridotitic garnet and clinopyroxene inclusions together with characteristics of their corresponding diamond hosts are presented for the Letlhakane mine, Botswana. These data are supplemented with new inclusion data from the nearby (20–30 km) Orapa and Damtshaa mines to evaluate the nature and scale of diamond-forming processes beneath the NW part of the Kalahari Craton and to provide insight into the evolution of the deep carbon cycle. The Sm–Nd isotope compositions of the diamond inclusions indicate five well-defined, discrete eclogitic and websteritic diamond-forming events in the Orapa kimberlite cluster at 220 ± 80 Ma, 746 ± 100 Ma, 1110 ± 64 Ma, 1698 ± 280 Ma and 2341 ± 21 Ma. In addition, two poorly constrained events suggest ancient eclogitic (> 2700 Ma) and recent eclogitic and websteritic diamond formation (< 140 Ma). Together with sub-calcic garnets from two harzburgitic diamonds that have Archaean Nd mantle model ages (TCHUR) between 2.86 and 3.38 Ga, the diamonds studied here span almost the entire temporal evolution of the SCLM of the Kalahari Craton. The new data demonstrate, for the first time, that diamond formation occurs simultaneously and episodically in different parageneses, reflecting metasomatism of the compositionally heterogeneous SCLM beneath the area (~ 200 km2). Diamond formation can be directly related to major tectono-magmatic events that impacted the Kalahari Craton such as crustal accretion, continental breakup and large igneous provinces. Compositions of dated inclusions, in combination with marked variations in the carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of the host diamonds, record mixing arrays between a minimum of three components (A: peridotitic mantle; B: eclogites dominated by mafic material; C: eclogites that include recycled sedimentary material). Diamond formation appears dominated by local fluid–rock interactions involving different protoliths in the SCLM. Redistribution of carbon during fluid–rock interactions generally masks any potential temporal changes of the deep carbon cycle.
Atypical resting-state gamma band trajectory in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tombor László , Kakuszi Brigitta , Papp Szilvia , Réthelyi János , Bitter István , Czobor Pál 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecreased gamma activity has been reported both in children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, while ADHD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, our insight into the associations of spontaneous gamma band activity with age is limited, especially in adults. Therefore, we conducted an explorative study to investigate trajectories of resting gamma activity in adult ADHD patients (N = 42) versus matched healthy controls (N = 59). We investigated the relationship of resting gamma activity (30–48 Hz) with age in four right hemispheric electrode clusters where diminished gamma power in ADHD had previously been demonstrated by our group. We found significant non-linear association between resting gamma power and age in the lower frequency gamma1 range (30–39 Hz) in ADHD as compared to controls in all investigated locations. Resting gamma1 increased with age and was significantly lower in ADHD than in control subjects from early adulthood. We found no significant association between gamma activity and age in the gamma2 range (39–48 Hz). Alterations of gamma band activity might reflect altered cortical network functioning in adult ADHD relative to controls. Our results reveal that abnormal gamma power is present at all ages, highlighting the lifelong nature of ADHD. Nonetheless, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.
Effect of anisotropy on the onset of convection in rotating bi-disperse Brinkman porous media
Authors: Capone Florinda , De Luca Roberta , Massa Giuliana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThermal convection in a horizontally isotropic bi-disperse porous medium (BDPM) uniformly heated from below is analysed. The combined effects of uniform vertical rotation and Brinkman law on the stability of the steady state of the momentum equations in a BDPM are investigated. Linear and nonlinear stability analysis of the conduction solution is performed, and the coincidence between linear instability and nonlinear stability thresholds in the$$L^2$$L2-norm is obtained.
The interstellar medium in young supernova remnants: key to the production of cosmic X-rays and $\gamma $-rays
Authors: Sano Hidetoshi , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe review recent progress in elucidating the relationship between high-energy radiation and the interstellar medium (ISM) in young supernova remnants (SNRs) with ages of ∼2000 yr, focusing in particular on RX J1713.7−3946 and RCW 86. Both SNRs emit strong nonthermal X-rays and TeV $\gamma $
γ
-rays, and they contain clumpy distributions of interstellar gas that includes both atomic and molecular hydrogen. We find that shock–cloud interactions provide a viable explanation for the spatial correlation between the X-rays and ISM. In these interactions, the supernova shocks hit the typically pc-scale dense cores, generating a highly turbulent velocity field that amplifies the magnetic field up to 0.1–1 mG. This amplification leads to enhanced nonthermal synchrotron emission around the clumps, whereas the cosmic-ray electrons do not penetrate the clumps. Accordingly, the nonthermal X-rays exhibit a spatial distribution similar to that of the ISM on the pc scale, while they are anticorrelated at sub-pc scales. These results predict that hadronic $\gamma $
γ
-rays can be emitted from the dense cores, resulting in a spatial correspondence between the $\gamma $
γ
-rays and the ISM. The current pc-scale resolution of $\gamma $
γ
-ray observations is too low to resolve this correspondence. Future $\gamma $
γ
-ray observations with the Cherenkov Telescope Array will be able to resolve the sub-pc-scale $\gamma $
γ
-ray distribution and provide clues to the origin of these cosmic $\gamma $
γ
-rays.
Responsible Leadership and the Reflective CEO: Resolving Stakeholder Conflict by Imagining What Could be done
Authors: Pless Nicola M. , Sengupta Atri , Wheeler Melissa A. , Maak Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn light of grand societal challenges, most recently the global Covid-19 pandemic, there is a call for research on responsible leadership. While significant advances have been made in recent years towards a better understanding of the concept, a gap exists in the understanding of responsible leadership in emerging countries, specifically how leaders resolve prevalent moral dilemmas. Following Werhane (1999), we use moral imagination as an analytical approach to analyze a dilemmatic stakeholder conflict (between indigenous communities in rural India and an emerging market multinational enterprise headquartered in the same country) through the lense of different responsible leadership mindsets and in light of different ethical principles and moral background theories. Based on this analysis, we arrive at a tentative moral judgement, concluding that the instrumental approach is morally inferior and recommending theintegrative approach as the morally superior choice. In the subsequent discussion—focussed on what “could” (instead of “should”) be done, we apply the integrative script and use moral imagination as a pathway for generating morally justifiable solutions. Through this analysis, we provide novel insights on how to apply an integrative responsible leadership approach to a stakeholder conflict situation, using the single case study to expand the responsible leadership discussion to emerging markets.
Weighted software metrics aggregation and its application to defect prediction
Authors: Ulan Maria , Löwe Welf , Ericsson Morgan , Wingkvist Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is a well-known practice in software engineering to aggregate software metrics to assess software artifacts for various purposes, such as their maintainability or their proneness to contain bugs. For different purposes, different metrics might be relevant. However, weighting these software metrics according to their contribution to the respective purpose is a challenging task. Manual approaches based on experts do not scale with the number of metrics. Also, experts get confused if the metrics are not independent, which is rarely the case. Automated approaches based on supervised learning require reliable and generalizable training data, a ground truth, which is rarely available. We propose an automated approach to weighted metrics aggregation that is based on unsupervised learning. It sets metrics scores and their weights based on probability theory and aggregates them. To evaluate the effectiveness, we conducted two empirical studies on defect prediction, one on ca. 200 000 code changes, and another ca. 5 000 software classes. The results show that our approach can be used as an agnostic unsupervised predictor in the absence of a ground truth.
Metaphors in Mentalization-Based Treatment: Reintroducing the Language of Change in “Plain Old Therapy”
Authors: Folmo E. J. , Langjord T. , Myhrvold N. C. S. , Lind M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetaphors, a central conduit of change in psychotherapy, have not been taken adequately into account in Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT). Despite successfully utilized by other evidence-based treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD), MBT considers metaphors confusing for patients with low mentalizing abilities. For metaphors and teaching stories to stimulate growth within the window of tolerance, interventions should be responsively tailored (e.g., explained). Metaphors might be a route to making spoken matter more apprehensible, and bridge emotions with cognitive content. They hold the potential for challenging without being too confronting, and to translate knowledge between different range of understanding. This theoretical article presents why the use of metaphors in MBT—in the hands of a responsive therapists—may prove a powerful tool to open social trust, despite being considered a “high risk” intervention. The timeless lens of the metaphor may help us connect with archetypical versions of our own narratives, hence understanding our subjectivity in a larger perspective. By reaching towards concepts beyond our normal reasoning, typically denoted perennial philosophy or wisdom, they may substitute and/or supplement mentors in a memorable way.