bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Needs Surgical Stabilization for Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis? Retrospective Analysis of Non-Surgically Treated Patients
Authors: Blecher Ronen , Frieler Sven , Qutteineh Bilal , Pierre Clifford A. , Yilmaz Emre , Ishak Basem , Glinski Alexander Von , Oskouian Rod J. , Kramer Moti , Drexler Michael , Chapman Jens R. 
Published: September 2021

Study Design: Retrospective case series analysis. Objective: To identify relevant clinical and radiographic markers for patients presenting with infectious spondylo-discitis associated with spinal instability directly related to the infectious process. Methods: We evaluated patients presenting with de-novo intervertebral discitis or vertebral osteomyelitis /discitis (VOD) who initiated non-surgical treatment. Patients who failed conservative treatment and required stabilization surgery within 90 days were defined as “ failed treatment group” (FTG). Patients who experienced an uneventful course served as controls and were labeled as “ nonsurgical group” (NSG). A wide array of baseline clinical and radiographic parameters was retrieved and compared between 2 groups. Results: Overall 35 patients had initiated non-surgical treatment for VOD. 25 patients had an uneventful course (NSG), while 10 patients failed conservative treatment (“FTG”) within 90 days. Factors found to be associated with poorer outcome were intra-venous drug abuse (IVDA) as well as the presence of fever upon initial presentation. Radiographically, involvement of the same-level facets and the extent of caudal and rostral VB involvement in both MRI and CT were found to be significantly associated with poorer clinical and radiographic outcome. Conclusions: We show that clinical factors such as IVDA status and fever as well as the extent of osseous and posterior element involvement may prove to be helpful in favoring surgical treatment early on in the management of spinal infections.
How do the institutions matter for MNE subsidiaries’ CSR in host countries? Evidence from Chinese overseas subsidiaries
Authors: Lee Jeoung Yul , Choi Jiyul , Xiao Shufeng (Simon) , Lew Yong Kyu , Park Byung Il 
Published: September 2021

Based on the institutional perspective, this article examines whether institutional pressures in home and host countries affect multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and whether the institutional distance between home and host countries moderates these relationships. We collect data from 185 Chinese MNEs’ 349 foreign subsidiaries operating in 27 host countries and conduct a cross-classified multilevel model analysis of the data. The findings indicate that institutional pressures in home and host countries significantly affect the CSR practices of the MNE subsidiaries operating in host countries. Also, we find that the formal and informal institutional distances between the home and host countries exert different interaction effects on these CSR practices. The findings from this study offer useful implications for MNEs’ social strategies for sustainability. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G38, L16, M16, Q17
Strategies Adopted by Novice Nurse Educators to Facilitate Their Transition From Practice to Academia: A Qualitative Study in Ghana
Authors: Laari Timothy Tienbia , Apiribu Felix , Gazari Timothy , Akor Moses Haruna , Mensah Adwoa Bemah Boamah , Atanuriba Gideon Awenabisa , Kuunibe Joseph Kuufaakang , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine 
Published: September 2021

Introduction The successful transition of nurses from clinical practice to academia is essential to the training of a proficient future nursing workforce. However, deprived of requisite support and guidance, novice nurse educators often find the transition from bedside nursing practice to the classroom challenging and hence, adopt some coping strategies to facilitate their transition. Yet, little is known about the strategies adopted by Ghanaian novice nurse educators to facilitate their transition. Objective This study explored the strategies adopted by novice nurse educators to facilitate their transition from practice to academia in three nursing training colleges in Ghana. Methods This study adopted a descriptive qualitative study design. The study used a purposive sampling technique to recruit 12 novice nurse educators. Data were generated through individual in-depth interviews using a semistructured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed manually through thematic analysis. Results Novice nurse educators adopted a wide range of strategies to facilitate their transition from practice to academia. Four major themes emerged: (1) seeking support from peers, (2) attending workshops and conferences, (3) relying on performance appraisal and feedback, and (4) applying past clinical nursing knowledge. Conclusion The strategies adopted to facilitate the transition were mostly self-inspired and informal, which calls for more formal and evidence-based strategies to facilitate the transition process. College authorities must create, or adopt and modify faculty mentorship models to mentor novice nurse educators, develop and implement college-specific orientation programmes for novice nurse educators, and implement regular online tutor appraisals by students.
The Subaltern Voice in Sree Moolam Praja Sabha
Authors: Greeshmam Greeshma 
Published: September 2021

Sree Moolam Thirunaal Rama Varma, the ruling Maharaja of the Indian state of Travancore, instituted Sree Moolam Praja Sabha, also known as Sree Moolam Popular Assembly on 1 October 1904. The representatives of Sree Moolam Praja Sabha were selected from every section of society to address their grievances. Sree Moolam Sabha mainly consisted of landlords, merchants and their representatives. Those days, then existing social customs prevented the lower-caste people or the subaltern communities from participating in the Sree Moolam Praja Sabha. In the initial phase, there were representatives from each religion and caste, except the subaltern groups. Later, the Diwan attempted to include Dalits and other minority communities in the process of policy formulation as well as providing them with an essential role in their community development. Mahakavi Kumaran Asan, one of the triumvirate poets of modern Kerala was the nominated member of Sree Moolam Sabha, and he was one of the disciples of Sree Narayana Guru. Ayyankali was nominated to Sree Moolam Popular Assembly in 1912 because of his popularity among subaltern communities in the Thiruvithamkoore Kingdom. He had a record of being a nominated member in a legislative assembly for a consequtive period of 27 years, from 1912 to 1939, even before Independence. Ayyankali was the first Dalit representative who was nominatedto India’s first state (legislative) assembly, especially during the pre-independence period.
Pain Levels and Injuries by Sonographic Specialty: A Research Study
Authors: Hogan Amanda 
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in reported pain and perceived pain levels in different sonography specialties. Materials and Methods: An online survey was sent to 28 302 sonographers by the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS). Sonographers had to be registered and located within the United States to meet inclusion criteria. Results: There were 7993 sonographers who completed the questionnaire. The percentage of sonographers who reported scanning in pain across all specialties was 66.25%, with an average pain level of 4.0. The highest pain and injury levels were reported in the cardiac, vascular, and obstetrics/gynecology specialties. Sonographers scanning greater than 18 scans per day or greater than 30 minutes had the highest levels of perceived pain. Conclusion: According to these study results, reported pain in sonographers is decreasing. Certain specialties within sonography are more prone to injury and higher pain levels.
Posttranslational modification and beyond: interplay between histone deacetylase 6 and heat-shock protein 90
Authors: Liu Ping , Xiao Ji , Wang Yiliang , Song Xiaowei , Huang Lianzhou , Ren Zhe , Kitazato Kaio , Wang Yifei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPosttranslational modification (PTM) and regulation of protein stability are crucial to various biological processes. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a unique histone deacetylase with two functional catalytic domains (DD1 and DD2) and a ZnF-UBP domain (ubiquitin binding domain, BUZ), regulates a number of biological processes, including gene expression, cell motility, immune response, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to the deacetylation of histones, other nonhistone proteins have been identified as substrates for HDAC6. Hsp90, a molecular chaperone that is a critical modulator of cell signaling, is one of the lysine deacetylase substrates of HDAC6. Intriguingly, as one of the best-characterized regulators of Hsp90 acetylation, HDAC6 is the client protein of Hsp90. In addition to regulating Hsp90 at the post-translational modification level, HDAC6 also regulates Hsp90 at the gene transcription level. HDAC6 mainly regulates the Hsp90-HSF1 complex through the ZnF-UBP domain, thereby promoting the HSF1 entry into the nucleus and activating gene transcription. The mutual interaction between HDAC6 and Hsp90 plays an important role in the regulation of protein stability, cell migration, apoptosis and other functions. Plenty of of studies have indicated that blocking HDAC6/Hsp90 has a vital regulatory role in multifarious diseases, mainly in cancers. Therefore, developing inhibitors or drugs against HDAC6/Hsp90 becomes a promising development direction. Herein, we review the current knowledge on molecular regulatory mechanisms based on the interaction of HDAC6 and Hsp90 and inhibition of HDAC6 and/or Hsp90 in oncogenesis and progression, antiviral and immune-related diseases and other vital biological processes.
Effects of physical exercise on working memory in older adults: a systematic and meta-analytic review
Authors: Zhidong Cai , Wang Xing , Yin Jilin , Song Dehai , Chen Zhitong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
This systematic and meta-analytic review aimed to investigate the effects of physical exercise on the working memory of older adults, and to identify the moderators of these effects.

Methods
We searched six electronic databases for randomized controlled trials on the effects of physical exercise on working memory that were published before or on May 15, 2020. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Stata 14.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias testing.

Results
A total of 28 studies and 2156 participants were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was fair to excellent, and there was no publication bias. Overall, we found that physical exercise had a significant effect on working memory in older adults (standardized mean difference = 0.30, p < 0.0001). The effects of physical exercise on working memory were moderated by exercise frequency, intensity, type, duration, cognitive status, and control subgroup (active/passive), but not by intervention period or age of participant.

Conclusion
Physical exercise can effectively improve the working memory of older adults. The recommended physical exercise is multi-component exercise or mind–body exercise of moderate intensity for 45–60 min 3 times a week, for more than 6 months.
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Potassium Deficiency During Sarocladium oryzae Infection Reveal Insights into Rice Sheath Rot Disease Resistance
Authors: Zhang Jianglin , Lu Zhifeng , Ren Tao , Cong Rihuan , Lu Jianwei , Li Xiaokun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRice sheath rot disease caused by Sarocladium oryzae (S. oryzae) infection is an emerging disease, and infection can cause yield losses of 20–85%. Adequate potassium (K) application is a feasible strategy for rice tolerance to S. oryzae infection. However, little is known about the metabolic mechanisms regulated by K that allow rice to cope better with S. oryzae infection. The present study performed a comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis of rice with different K nutrition statuses before and upon S. oryzae infection. Sarocladium oryzae infection triggered a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) burst, and K starvation aggravated the accumulation of H2O2 in the flag leaf sheath (FLS), which resulted in lipid peroxidation. Likewise, K deficiency altered the lipid homeostasis of the host plants by hyperaccumulation of 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine. K starvation decreased the content of glycoglycerolipids including monogalactosyldiacyglycerol and digalactosyldoacylglycerol during S. oryzae infection, which destroyed the stability of bilayer membranes. In contrast, sufficient K supply increased antioxidant-related transcript expression (for example, the genes related to glutathione-S-transferase biosynthesis were upregulated), which activated the antioxidant systems. Additionally, upon S. oryzae infection, K starvation amplified the negative impacts of S. oryzae infection on flag leaf photosynthetic potential. These results provide new insight into the role of K in alleviating S. oryzae infection. Adequate K supply decreased the negative impacts of sheath rot disease on rice growth by alleviating lipid peroxidation and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
Varicella-zoster virus reactivation causing herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination – report of three cases
Authors: Papasavvas Ioannis , de Courten Christian , Herbort Carl P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We are reporting 3 patients who presented acute zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), an activation of varicella-zoster virus, after mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, seen directly or referred to our center.

Cases
A 73-year-old woman with history of ocular sarcoidosis presented HZO in the right V1 dermatome 16 days after a single booster dose of vaccination (Pfizer BioNTech). A 69-year-old woman presented HZO in her V1 left dermatome, occurring 10 days after her first dose of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. A 72-year-old woman with no history of autoimmune pathology, candidate for cataract surgery, presented 13 days after the first dose of a Moderna mRNA vaccine with an eruption in the left V1 dermatome. All patients presented the VZV infection after their first dose of a mRNA type of vaccine. Treatment with Valacyclovir 1000 mg × 3/ day for 7–14 days was efficient in all cases.

Conclusion
Vaccines have been reported in the past to trigger different types of side effects such as viral or flu-like symptoms. It is only logical to note many different side effects for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as the population vaccinated is exceeding any other number in history. VZV is one of the more severe side effects that can, however, be treated. It is quite obvious that, as far as mRNA vaccines are concerned, and probably also other anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, that the benefit of vaccination certainly outweighs the possible but very low risk of ocular side effects that can mostly be treated.
Identification of C3H2C3-type RING E3 ubiquitin ligase in grapevine and characterization of drought resistance function of VyRCHC114
Authors: Yu Yihe , Yang Shengdi , Bian Lu , Yu Keke , Meng Xiangxuan , Zhang Guohai , Xu Weirong , Yao Wenkong , Guo Dalong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
RING is one of the largest E3 ubiquitin ligase families and C3H2C3 type is the largest subfamily of RING, which plays an important role in plant growth and development, and growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Results
A total of 143 RING C3H2C3-type genes (RCHCs) were discovered from the grapevine genome and separated into groups (I-XI) according to their phylogenetic analysis, and these genes named according to their positions on chromosomes. Gene replication analysis showed that tandem duplications play a predominant role in the expansion of VvRCHCs family together. Structural analysis showed that most VvRCHCs (67.13 %) had no more than 2 introns, while genes clustered together based on phylogenetic trees had similar motifs and evolutionarily conserved structures. Cis-acting element analysis showed the diversity of VvRCHCs regulation. The expression profiles of eight DEGs in RNA-Seq after drought stress were like the results of qRT-PCR analysis. In vitro ubiquitin experiment showed that VyRCHC114 had E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, overexpression of VyRCHC114 in Arabidopsis improved drought tolerance. Moreover, the transgenic plant survival rate increased by 30 %, accompanied by electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content and the activities of SOD, POD, APX and CAT were changed. The quantitative expression of AtCOR15a, AtRD29A, AtERD15 and AtP5CS1 showed that they participated in the response to drought stress may be regulated by the expression of VyRCHC114.

Conclusions
This study provides valuable new information for the evolution of grapevine RCHCs and its relevance for studying the functional characteristics of grapevine VyRCHC114 genes under drought stress.
Dexmedetomidine-induced hemodynamic instability in patients undergoing orthopedic upper limb surgery under brachial plexus block: a retrospective study
Authors: Doo A Ram , Lee Hyungseok , Baek Seon Ju , Lee Jeongwoo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Hemodynamic instability is a frequent adverse effect following administration of dexmedetomidine (DMED). In this study, we evaluated the incidence of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability and its predictive factors in clinical regional anesthesia practice.

Methods
One hundred sixteen patients who underwent orthopedic upper limb surgery under brachial plexus block with intravenous DMED administration were retrospectively identified. The primary outcome was the incidence of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability. The participants were allocated to a stable or unstable group by their hemodynamic instability status. Patients’ characteristics were compared between the groups. The relationship between the potential risk factors and development of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability was analyzed with a logistic regression model.

Results
DMED-induced hemodynamic instability was observed in 14.7% of patients (17/116). The unstable group had more women than the stable group (76.5% vs. 39.4%, P = 0.010). When patients were classified into four subgroup according to body mass index (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity), there was significant difference in the composition of the subgroups in the two groups (P = 0.008). In univariate analysis, female sex, obesity, and pre-existing hypertension were significant predictors of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female sex (adjusted OR 3.86, CI 1.09; 13.59, P = 0.036) and obesity (adjusted OR 6.41, CI 1.22; 33.57, P = 0.028) were independent predictors of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability.

Conclusions
Female and obese patients are more likely to have hemodynamic instability following intravenous DMED administration in clinical regional anesthesia practice. This study suggests that DMED dose may be diminished to prevent hypotensive risk in these populations.

Trial registration
This article was retrospectively registered at WHO clinical trial registry platform (Trial number: KCT0005977).
Prognostic factors and outcomes of COVID-19 cases in Ethiopia: multi-center cohort study protocol
Authors: Abdella Saro , Tessema Masresha , Tasew Geremew , Defar Atkure , Deressa Asefa , Regasa Feyisa , Teka Frehiwot , Tigabu Eyasu , Nigussie Dereje , Belachew Tefera , Molla Million , Deribew Amare , Abebe Workeabeba , Yigzaw Tegbar , Nigatu Tsinuel , Mitike Getnet , Haile Tewodros , Taame Haftom , Ahmed Muhammed , Nigatu Frehiwot , Tolesa Tola , Wolka Eskinder , Amogne Wondwossen , Laillou Arnaud , Amare Misker , Fufa Yaregal , Argaw Alemayehu , Waganew Woldesenbet , Azazh Akilili , Worku Aschalew , Redae Berhane , Sultan Menbeu , Walelegn Miraf , Tefera Muluwork , Yifru Sisay , Argaw Rahel , Brehau Natinael , Teklu Sisay , Demoz Getachew , Seman Yakob , Salasibew Mihretab , Ejeta Eshetu , Whiting Susan J. , Wolday Dawit , Tollera Getachew , Abate Ebba , Duguma Dereje 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and became pandemic after emerging in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Several studies have been conducted to understand the key features of COVID-19 and its public health impact. However, the prognostic factors of COVID-19 are not well studied in the African setting. In this study, we aim to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 cases, immunological and virological courses, interaction with nutritional status, and response to treatment for COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia.MethodsA multi-center cohort study design will be performed. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to selected treatment centers will be enrolled irrespective of their symptoms and followed-up for 12 months. Baseline epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging data will be collected from treatment records, interviews, physical measurements, and biological samples. Follow-up data collection involves treatment and prognostic outcomes to be measured using different biomarkers and clinical parameters. Data collection will be done electronically using the Open Data Kit (ODK) software package and then exported to STATA/SPSS for analysis. Both descriptive and multivariable analyses will be performed to assess the independent determinants of the treatment outcome and prognosis to generate relevant information for informed prevention and case management. The primary outcomes of this study are death/survival and viral shedding. Secondary outcomes include epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, genetic frequency shifts (genotypic variations), and nutritional status.DiscussionThis is the first large prospective cohort study of patients in hospitals with COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The results will enable us to better understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. This study will also provide useful information for effective public health measures and future pandemic preparedness and in response to outbreaks. It will also support policymakers in managing the epidemic based on scientific evidence.Trial Registration:The Protocol prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04584424) on 30 October, 2020.