bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐teaching based pseudo label refinery for cross‐domain object detection
Authors: Wang Kunpeng , Cai Jingxiang , Yao Juan , Liu Peng , Zhu Zhiqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObject detection is one of the main tasks in computer vision and has made great progress in recent years. However, the performance of target detectors is significantly dropped by the differences between existing datasets and application scenarios, leading to the so‐called domain shift problem. To address such an issue, a novel co‐teaching based pseudo label refinery framework for cross‐domain object detection is developed, which cooperates with two models to select data from target domain for each other. This strategy can effectively purify the predicted pseudo labels and resist noisy labels. Specifically, the framework consists of two encoders (i.e. structure encoder and global encoder), two classifiers and one discriminator, in which structure encoder is used to extract structural features that are not disturbed by colour, and the global encoder is used to extract the complete discriminant features. The two encoders are each followed by a classifier. In training, the structure and global encoder with labelled source samples are first trained, so that it has the initial recognition ability. Then the samples assigned are used with pseudo labels by the classifier following the structure encoder to fine‐tune the global encoder which pre‐trained on the labelled source domain and obtain the refined labels for the target data. With the refined labels, the structure encoder is further optimised on the target domain. During this process, the proposal is to cross use the two classifiers to promote the mutual transfer of complementary capabilities of the two encoders. Moreover, a novel residual channel attention block (RCA) embedded with salient features is designed to pay more attention to the target regions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the developed framework can generate clean labels for unlabelled target data and boost the performance of cross domain object detection. The code is available at http://www.msp‐lab.cn:1436/msp/cbplr‐master.
Adding ears to intelligent connected vehicles by combining microphone arrays and high definition map
Authors: Jiang Kun , Yang Diange , Wijaya Benny , Zhang Bowei , Yang Mengmeng , Zhang Kai , Tang Xuewei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEars are responsible for the sense of hearing, which is indispensable for a human to understand the environment. It is similar to an intelligent vehicle where acoustical data contains useful and valuable information to comprehend the environment to enable autonomous driving. One important application of acoustical data processing is to localize sound sources. However, due to the complexity of microphone array setup and the unstable localization performance against noises, few research articles tried to localize surrounding vehicles based on on‐board microphone arrays. The main contribution is the first implementation to combine roof‐mounted microphones and high definition maps as vehicle' s ears for online 3D localization of surround vehicles. This article designed a six‐microphones sensor array dedicated to the on‐board application and improved sound source localization algorithms using the observer technique to adapt to dynamic driving scenarios. A map‐based localization enhancement method is also proposed to make the system more robust to noises and model errors. Feasibility tests are conducted with real vehicles in the scenarios of pass‐by and overtaking. Experimental results validate the feasibility of using microphones to localize surrounding vehicles with lane‐level accuracy.
A distributed rule‐based power management strategy in a photovoltaic/hybrid energy storage based on an active compensation filtering technique
Authors: Ghorashi Khalil Abadi Seyyed Ali , Bidram Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a distributed rule‐based power management strategy for dynamic power balancing and power smoothing in a photovoltaic (PV)/battery‐supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system. The system contains a PV system, a battery‐supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS), and a group of loads. Firstly, an active compensation technique is proposed which improves the efficiency of the power smoothing filter. Then, a distributed supervisory control technique is employed that prevents the BESS and SC from SOC violation while maintaining the balance between generation and load. To this end, the system components are divided into three different reactive agents including an HESS agent, a PV agent, and a load agent. These agents react to the system changes by switching their operational mode upon satisfying a predefined rule. To analyse the hybrid dynamical behaviour of the agents and design the supervisory controllers, the agents are modelled in hybrid automata frameworks. It is shown that the proposed distributed approach reduces the complexity of the supervisory control system and increases its scalability compared to its equivalent centralized method. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is validated using a test system simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
Follow-up of 27 radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars at 110–190 MHz using the international LOFAR station FR606
Authors: Grießmeier J.-M. , Smith D. A. , Theureau G. , Johnson T. J. , Kerr M. , Bondonneau L. , Cognard I. , Serylak M. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The Fermi Large Area Telescope has detected over 260 gamma-ray pulsars. About one quarter of these are labeled as radio-quiet, that is they either have radio flux densities < 30 μJy at 1400 MHz, or they are not detected at all in the radio domain. In the population of nonrecycled gamma-ray pulsars, the fraction of radio-quiet pulsars is higher, about one half.
Aims. Most radio observations of gamma-ray pulsars have been performed at frequencies between 300 MHz and 2 GHz. However, pulsar radio fluxes increase rapidly with decreasing frequency, and their radio beams often broaden at low frequencies. As a consequence, some of these pulsars might be detectable at low radio frequencies even when no radio flux is detected above 300 MHz. Our aim is to test this hypothesis with low-frequency radio observations.
Methods. We have observed 27 Fermi-discovered gamma-ray pulsars with the international LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) station FR606 in single-station mode. We used the LOFAR high band antenna band (110−190 MHz), with an average observing time of 13 h per target. Part of the data had to be discarded due to radio frequency interference. On average, we kept 9 h of observation per target after the removal of affected datasets, resulting in a sensitivity for pulse-averaged flux on the order of 1−10 mJy.
Results. We do not detect radio pulsations from any of the 27 sources, and we establish stringent upper limits on their low-frequency radio fluxes. These nondetections are compatible with the upper limits derived from radio observations at other frequencies. We also determine the pulsars’ geometry from the gamma-ray profiles to see for which pulsars the low-frequency radio beam is expected to cross Earth.
Conclusions. This set of observations provides the most constraining upper limits on the flux density at 150 MHz for 27 radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars. In spite of the beam-widening expected at low radio frequencies, most of our nondetections can be explained by an unfavorable viewing geometry; for the remaining observations, especially those of pulsars detected at higher frequencies, the nondetection is compatible with insufficient sensitivity.
Maximum accretion rate of supermassive stars
Authors: Haemmerlé L. , Klessen R. S. , Mayer L. , Zwick L. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The formation of the most massive quasars observed at high redshifts requires extreme inflows of gas down to the length scales of the central compact object.
Aims. Here we estimate the maximum inflow rate allowed by gravity down to the surface of supermassive stars, the possible progenitors of these supermassive black holes.
Methods. We use the continuity equation and the assumption of spherical symmetry and free fall to derive the maximum allowed inflow rates for various density profiles. We apply our approach to the mass–radius relation of rapidly accreting supermassive stars to estimate an upper limit to the accretion rates allowed during the formation of these objects.
Results. We find that, as long as the density of the accreted gas is smaller than or equal to the average density of the accretor, the maximum allowed rate, Ṁmax, is given uniquely by the compactness of the accretor. We argue that a density inversion between accreting matter and the accretor is inconsistent with gravitational collapse. For the compactness of rapidly accreting supermassive stars, Ṁmax is related to the stellar mass, M, by a power law, Ṁmax ∝ M3/4. The rates of atomically cooled halos (0.1−10 M⊙ yr−1) are allowed as soon as M ≳ 1 M⊙. The largest rates expected in galaxy mergers (104 − 105 M⊙ yr−1) become accessible once the accretor is supermassive (M ≳ 104 M⊙).
Conclusions. These results suggest that supermassive stars can accrete up to masses > 106 M⊙ before they collapse via the general-relativistic instability. At such masses, the collapse is expected to lead to the direct formation of a supermassive black hole, even within metal-rich gas, resulting in a black hole seed that is significantly heavier than in conventional direct collapse models for atomic cooling halos.
Diagnostik und Therapie des Erysipels: Ein Positionspapier der Initiative Chronische Wunden (ICW) e. V.
Authors: Kröger Knut , Schwarzkopf Andreas , Eder Stephan , Protz Kerstin , Münter Christian , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Erysipel ist eine bakterielle Weichgewebeinfektion, die durch β-hämolysierende Streptokokken verursacht wird und sich entlang der Lymphspalten der Haut nach proximal ausbreitet. Die Eintrittspforten der Erreger können kleinere Verletzungen oder auch chronische Wunden sein. Die Diagnose Erysipel wird klinisch durch die sich ausbreitende Rötung und Überwärmung der Haut, den reduzierten Allgemeinzustand mit Fieber und Schüttelfrost sowie mittels serologischer Entzündungsparameter gestellt und muss von zahlreichen Differenzialdiagnosen abgegrenzt werden. Die systemische Therapie erfolgt meist mit Penicillin. In der Lokaltherapie ist der Stellenwert der Maßnahmen wie Kompressionstherapie oder Kühlung derzeit noch umstritten. Insbesondere für die Rezidivprophylaxe sind die langfristige Therapie des Lymphödems sowie die konsequente Vermeidung und Therapie von Eintrittspforten essenziell.
Der onkologische Nutzen der pelvinen Lymphadenektomie ist beim Prostatakarzinom nicht geklärt
Authors: Weißbach Lothar , Roloff Christiane 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Review von Fossati 2017 stellt den Wert der pLA im Rahmen der RP infrage, weil sich aus den vorliegenden Studien kein onkologischer Nutzen ergibt. Nach wie vor ist die Beweislage wegen fehlender Evidenz dürftig. Unsere Feststellung, dass von metastasierten LK bisher keine Streuung nachgewiesen wurde, basiert auf Registerdaten, auf klinischen Studien ohne Nachweis eines pLA-Vorteils und auf Überlegungen zum genetischen Zusammenhang von LK- und Fernmetastasen. Der Verzicht auf die pLA bzw. auf die Bestrahlung eines Beckenfeldes wird durch die verbesserte Bildgebung mit dem 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT zum Nachweis von Metastasen erleichtert. Wenn LK nicht metastasieren, wird das Ergebnis der Bildgebung diagnostisch zur Therapieplanung ausreichen. Somit kann auf die pLA aus diagnostischen Gründen verzichtet werden. Komplikationen wären ausgeschlossen. Um die Frage zu klären, ob die pLA bzw. ein multimodales Behandlungskonzept Intermediate- und High-risk-Patienten nützen, wird ein RCT notwendig sein, in dem v. a. der nicht vollständig entfernte Primarius als Streuquelle berücksichtigt wird.
A bending fluctuation-based mechanism for particle detection by ciliated structures
Authors: Thomazo Jean-Baptiste , Le Révérend Benjamin , Pontani Lea-Laetitia , Prevost Alexis M. , Wandersman Elie 
Published: July 2021

Significance
For most animals and microorganisms, elongated cell protrusions known as cilia are key players in the senses of hearing, olfaction, and touch. In homogenous liquid flows, cilia bend and provide a direct measurement of the liquid viscosity. Could cilia be used to detect the presence, concentration, and size of particles in natural heterogeneous environments? Here, we address this question using an anchored artificial cilium submitted to sheared granular suspensions. Combining imaging experiments and modeling, we show that the concentration of particles is encoded within the positional fluctuations of the cilia’s tip and that these mainly result from particle/cilium contacts. Our results suggest that cilia could detect particles as small as their diameter.
Replication-dependent histone biosynthesis is coupled to cell-cycle commitment
Authors: Armstrong Claire , Spencer Sabrina L. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Current thinking limits replication-dependent (RD) histone biosynthesis to S phase of the cell cycle, with histone production initiated concomitantly with DNA replication. This work examines the cell-cycle timing of RD histone biosynthesis in single human cells and shows that while there is indeed a burst of RD histone production in S phase, RD histone production actually begins earlier in G1, at the point of cell-cycle commitment. These results demonstrate that cells born committed to the subsequent cell cycle build up a small pool of histones before initiating DNA replication, thereby safeguarding against a loss of genome integrity, and are distinct from cells that have exited the cell cycle and do not require histone synthesis until cell-cycle reentry.
Investigating lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo using engineered human lymphatic vessel networks
Authors: Landau Shira , Newman Abigail , Edri Shlomit , Michael Inbal , Ben-Shaul Shahar , Shandalov Yulia , Ben-Arye Tom , Kaur Pritinder , Zheng Ming H. , Levenberg Shulamit 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Lymphatic vessel networks are important for various biological processes; thus, incorporating them into engineered constructs can have both research and clinical implications. Engineered lymphatic vessels can improve biomimicry and functionality of in vitro tissue assays and serve as a treatment for various diseases associated with impaired lymphatic function. In this work, we created functional engineered lymphatic vessels that anastomosed to the host lymphatic system postimplantation. We investigated the effect of supporting cells, cell-secreted extracellular matrix, and mechanical forces on lymphatic vessel formation within engineered constructs. Interestingly, lymphatic vasculature responded differently to cyclic stretch compared to blood vasculature. This phenomenon opens up an avenue for investigating the variability of cellular responses to mechanical stimulation.
Increased copy number couples the evolution of plasmid horizontal transmission and plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance
Authors: Dimitriu Tatiana , Matthews Andrew C. , Buckling Angus 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is typically caused by genes present on plasmids, genetic parasites that can rapidly spread between bacterial cells. We demonstrate that plasmids can evolve increased transmission when hosts are abundant by increasing the number of plasmid molecules present within cells. A side effect of having more plasmids in a cell is a greater degree of cellular AMR. Selection for higher cellular levels of AMR in turn resulted in increased transmission via the same mechanism. Opportunities for plasmid transmission thus promote the evolution of plasmids that are highly infectious and confer high levels of AMR on their hosts.
Event control
Authors: Fischer Silke , Flaate Høyem Inghild 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we argue that a set of small
clause adjuncts involves a control relation with the event in the
main clause functioning as controller – we call this instance of
control event control. First, we clarify the empirical picture by
looking at data from German, Norwegian, and English. Second, we show
that event control is obligatory control and therefore suggest that
it should be syntactically licensed in the same way. Our theoretical
account is based on ideas by Whelpton (1995, 2002), Lohndal
(2014), Fischer
(2018), and Høyem (2018, 2019),
and we ultimately propose that event control is syntactically
licensed under upward Agree with underspecified PRO as probe and a
Davidsonian event argument in the main clause as goal.
Auctioning a ‘just energy transition’? South Africa’s renewable energy procurement programme and its implications for transition strategies
Authors: Müller Franziska , Claar Simone 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Clean energy is going transnational. Following the COP21 UN Climate Change Conference in December 2015, a roll-out of clean energy schemes in the global South is fostering a global energy transition. One such case is South Africa, where a policy innovation – the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) – was introduced in 2011. While REIPPPP seems to be a success story in terms of renewable energy capacity, it is unclear how the instrument is shaping the overall course of South Africa’s green transformation regarding the influence of transnational actors, participation in local ownership, and socio-economic benefits. Based on expert interviews and empirical process tracing of the renewable energy projects during the five bidding rounds of REIPPPP (2011–2016), the article analyses the design and effects of REIPPPP and discusses its implications for transition strategies, such as a ‘just transition’.
Surface production of negative ions from pulse-biased nitrogen doped diamond within a low-pressure deuterium plasma
Authors: Smith Gregory J , Tahri Lenny , Achard Jocelyn , Issaoui Riadh , Gans Timo , Dedrick James P , Cartry Gilles 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The production of negative ions is of significant interest for applications including mass spectrometry, materials surface processing, and neutral beam injection for magnetic confined fusion. Neutral beam injection sources maximise negative ion production through the use of surface production processes and low work function metals, which introduce complex engineering. Investigating materials and techniques to avoid the use of low work function metals is of interest to broaden the application of negative ion sources and simplify future devices. In this study, we use pulsed sample biasing to investigate the surface production of negative ions from nitrogen doped diamond. The use of a pulsed bias allows for the study of insulating samples in a preserved surface state at temperatures between 150 ∘C and 700 ∘C in a 2 Pa, 130 W, (ne ∼ 109 cm−3, Te ∼ 0.6 eV) inductively coupled deuterium plasma. The negative ion yield during the application of a pulsed negative bias is measured using a mass spectrometer and found to be approximately 20% higher for nitrogen doped diamond compared to non-doped diamond. It is also shown that the pulsed sample bias has a lower peak negative ion yield compared to a continuous sample bias, which suggests that the formation of an optimum ratio of defects on its surface can be favourable for negative ion production.
Radio-frequency waveform investigation for ion transport within the RFQcb at ISOLDE's Offline 2 facility
Authors: Warren S. , Giles T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A theoretical and practical investigation into the relation of applied waveform, voltage, and frequency of the quadrupole potential applied to the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole cooler and buncher (RFQcb) used at the ISOLDE facility and the Offline 2 facility. Non-radioactive ion beams were transported through the RFQcb over a range of quadrupole parameters to quantify beam transport efficiency via pre and post beam current measurements. Maximum beam transport was directly compared to the theoretical model of ion stability within an oscillatory quadrupolar field via the solutions of the Hill's equation (shown within this work) for each waveform applied the RFQcb and over several masses 20Ne, 40Ar, 84Kr and 131Xe. The result of this work has led to interesting findings on the beam transport dependency with the waveform, the potential to reduce the overall costs of future RFQ's, and possible molecular capture break-up options inside RFQcb structure.
The effect of tillage depth and micro-fertilizer addition on the growth and production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) planted in early dry season
Authors: Yuliadi E , Simamora E , Setiawan K , Hadi M S , Ardian  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The climate change from the dry season to the rainy season, causes cassava to rot a lot when harvested, this research was conducted in the early dry season by practicing two tillage depths to handle the excessive water around the rooting area, and by addition of micro-fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the cassava growth and yield when planted at the early dry season, combined with tillage depth and micro-fertilizer addition. This research was conducted in South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The cutting stems of cassava were planted in the early dry season (May) and harvested in April 2020. The tillage depth consisted of two depths: shallow tillage, above hardpan layer (30 cm), and deep tillage, including hardpan layer (60 cm). Micro-fertilizers were applied with two dosages: without fertilizer (0 kg ha−1) and with fertilizer (40 kg ha−1). Those treatments were arranged factorially (2x2) in Strip Plot Design with three replications. The result showed that deep tillage caused the rotten tubers only 15 tubers compared with the shallow tillage which was 39 tubers. The treatment of micro-fertilizer (40 kg ha−1) on the contrary increased the rotten tubers up to 35 tubers. In general, deep tillage could increase the dry weight of tubers, and micro-fertilizers could increase the fresh weight of tubers.
Utilization of wild algae biomass as biosorbent for removal of heavy metal Zinc (Zn2+) from aqueous solution
Authors: Maisarah  , Adityosulindro S , Wulandari D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change has both a direct and indirect effect on surface water quality. One of them is the increase in chemical weathering which causes the release of heavy metals in aquatic sediments. The toxicity of high concentration heavy metals and the phenomenon of algal bloom also become a threat to the freshwater environment. It is known that several types of algae can live, develop, and act as a biosorption agent for various types of heavy metals. The use of algae-based biosorbent also can reduce the level of global warming from the production of commercial adsorbents such as activated carbon. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the capability of wild algae biomass from the lake Situ Agathis Universitas Indonesia, Depok West Java as a heavy metal biosorbent by elaborating on its biosorption performance, for the benefit of the wastewater treatment and the management of algae bloom. Removal efficiency zinc improved significantly by activation treatment with thermally and base treatments on wild algae biomass. The result from the experimental laboratory showed that the zinc removal up to 92.12% in 120 min by NaOH activation method at neutral pH. The obtained results suggest that the wild algae biomass is a promising benign and low-cost material for industrial wastewater treatment.