bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic particle-antiparticle creation and annihilation
Authors: Zheng Fengshan , Kiselev Nikolai , Yang Luyan , Kuchkin Vladyslav , Rybakov Filipp , Blügel Stefan , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A fundamental property of particles and antiparticles, such as electrons and positrons, is their ability to annihilate one another. Similar behavior is predicted for magnetic solitons~\cite{Kovalev_90}-- localized spin textures that can be distinguished by their topological index Q.Theoretically, magnetic topological solitons with opposite values of Q, such as skyrmions~\cite{Bogdanov_89} and their antiparticles -- antiskyrmions -- are expected to be able to merge continuously and to annihilate~\cite{Kuchkin_20i}. However, experimental verification of such particle-antiparticle pair production and annihilation processes has been lacking. Here, we report the creation and annihilation of skyrmion-antiskyrmion pairs in an exceptionally thin film of the cubic chiral magnet B20-type FeGe observed using transmission electron microscopy. Our observations are highly reproducible and are fully consistent with micromagnetic simulations. Our findings provide a new platform for fundamental studies of particles and antiparticles based on magnetic solids and open new perspectives for practical applications of thin films of isotropic chiral magnets.
Estimation of Energy Expenditure in Breeding Cows Grazing Rangelands with Different Herbage Allowance
Authors: Gómez Jimena , Casal Alberto , Carmo Martin Do , Orcasberro Soledad , Soca Pablo , Carriquiry Mariana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The energy partitioning between total heat production (HP) and retained energy (RE) on the efficiency of energy use was evaluated throughout the annual production cycle (gestation-lactation) of 46 multiparous beef cows grazing on two herbage allowances (HA) of Campos grassland (4 vs. 7 kg dry matter/kg body weight; BW; LO vs. HI). Total RE was greater (P < 0.01) for HI than LO cows and presented minimum values during early gestation and maximum values during early lactation associated to the greater (P = 0.02) RE-milk in the former ones. Whole-animal HP, estimated by the heart rate-O2 pulse technique, and cow metabolized energy (ME) intake did not differ between HA treatments, but relative to BW0.75, HP was greater (P = 0.04) for LO than HI cows. Total HP and ME intake were minimum in gestation and maximum in early lactation and ME intake was greater during early lactation for HI than LO cows, and per unit of BW0.75, tended (P < 0.10) to be less for HI than LO cows in winter. The energy efficiency of the annual cycle was not affected by treatments (0.19 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02 for HI and LO respectively; P > 0.10) and there were no differences between treatments in terms of grams of calf per MJ of ME intake (P > 0.10). Management of grazing intensity of Campos grasslands with high herbage allowance improved energy balance of the beef cow-calf system through partitioning of cow ME intake towards RE instead of maintenance.
Data-driven discovery of dimensionless numbers and scaling laws from experimental measurements
Authors: Xie Xiaoyu , Liu Wing Kam , Gan Zhengtao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dimensionless numbers and scaling laws provide elegant insights into the characteristic properties of physical systems. Classical dimensional analysis and similitude theory fail to identify a set of unique dimensionless numbers for a highly-multivariable system with incomplete governing equations. In this study, we embed the principle of dimensional invariance into a two-level machine learning scheme to automatically discover dominant and unique dimensionless numbers and scaling laws from data. The proposed methodology, called dimensionless learning, can be treated as a physics-based dimension reduction. It can reduce high-dimensional parameter spaces into descriptions involving just a few physically-interpretable dimensionless parameters, which significantly simplifies the process design and optimization of the system. We demonstrate the algorithm by solving several challenging engineering problems with noisy experimental measurements (not synthetic data) collected from the literature. The examples include turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection, vapor depression dynamics in laser melting of metals, and porosity formation in 3D printing. We also show that the proposed approach can identify dimensionally homogeneous differential equations with minimal parameters by leveraging sparsity-promoting techniques.
Clinical Predictors of Lung Function in Patients Recovering from Mild COVID-19
Authors: Cortes-Telles Arturo , Figueroa-Hurtado Esperanza , Ortiz-Farias Diana Lizbeth , Zavorsky Gerald Stanley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: There are few studies have assessed lung function in Hispanic subjects recovering from mild COVID-19. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) as defined by values below the lower limit of normal (< LLN, < 5th percentile) in Hispanics recovering from mild COVID-19. We also examined the prevalence of a restrictive spirometric pattern as defined by the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) being ≥ LLN with the FVC being < LLN. Finally, we wanted to examine factors that cause the prevalence of an impaired DLCO to vary between studies.Methods: In this observational study, adult patients (n = 146) with mild COVID-19 were recruited from a Long-term follow-up COVID-19 clinic in Yucatan, Mexico between March, and August 2021. Spirometry, DLCO, and self-reported signs/symptoms were recorded 34 ± 4 days after diagnosis. Results: At post-evaluation, 20% and 30% patients recovering from COVID-19 were classified as having a restrictive spirometric pattern and impaired DLCO, respectively; 13% had both. The most prevalent reported symptoms were fatigue (73%), persistent cough (43%), shortness of breath (42%) and a blocked/runny nose (36%). Increased age, a blocked/runny nose, excessive night sweats, and a restrictive spirometric pattern increased probability of having an impaired DLCO. The proportion of patients with previous mild COVID-19 who had impaired DLCO increased by 12% when the definition of impaired DLCO was < 80% predicted instead of < LLN. Having severe (compared to mild) COVID-19 increased the percentage of those with impaired DLCO by 20%. Conclusions: One-third of patients with mild COVID-19 have impaired DLCO thirty-four days post-diagnosis. One-fifth of patients have a restrictive spirometric pattern. The criteria that define impaired DLCO and the severity of COVID-19 disease affects the proportion of those with impaired DLCO at follow-up.
Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Designed Using Recurrent Neural Network Reduce Mortality in Experimental Sepsis
Authors: Bolatchiev Albert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The amino acid sequences of 198 novel peptides were obtained using a generative long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LTSM RNN). To assess their antimicrobial effect, I synthesized 5 out of 198 generated peptides. The PEP-38 and PEP-137 peptides were active in vitro against carbapenem-resistant isolates of Klebsiella aerogenes (n=12) and K. pneumoniae (n=18). PEP-137 was also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=17). The remaining three peptides (PEP-36, PEP-136 and PEP-174) showed no antibacterial effect. Then I investigated the effect of PEP-38 and PEP-137 (a single intraperitoneal administration of a 100 µg dose 30 min after infection) on animal survival in an experimental murine model of K. pneumoniae-induced sepsis. As a control, I used two groups of mice: one received sterile saline, and the other received inactive in vitro PEP-36 (a single 100 µg dose). The PEP-36 peptide was shown to provide the highest survival rate (66.7%). PEP-137 showed a survival rate of 50%. PEP-38 was found to be ineffective. The data obtained can be used to develop new antibacterial peptide drugs to combat antibiotic resistance.
Post-traumatic hollow viscus perforation with mesenteric and bowel ischemia
Authors: Prasad Niharika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHollow viscus perforation and acute mesenteric ischemia are life-threatening conditions that must be recognized and managed appropriately. Computed tomography (CT) helps to visualize the bowel wall directly, as well as in the timely diagnosis of secondary signs of bowel ischemia.Case PresentationA young male presented with blunt trauma to the upper abdomen. A supine radiograph was suspicious of pneumoperitoneum and CT was performed to rule out perforation. The above finding was confirmed on CT, in addition, lack of enhancement of a segment of colon and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia was evident. He was managed with exploratory laparotomy and repair of the perforation with partial colectomy.ConclusionsThe radiologist should be familiar with signs of pneumoperitoneum on supine radiographs for detection of hollow viscus perforation. These must be viewed with an index of high suspicion in symptomatic patients, post-trauma, and, further cross-sectional imaging may still be required.
WITHDRAWN: Association Between Retinol-binding Protein and Sarcopenia in General Inpatient Older Adults: a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Kai , Chen Ying , Liu Tao , Zhang Kun , Li Yunqian , Zeng Min 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum retinol binding protein levels and sarcopenia in elderly general hospitalized patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 682 elderly patients with Barthel-index ≥100 on admission. Sarcopenia was defined according to the recently updated Asian Sarcopenia Working Group 2019 criteria. The skeletal muscle mass index was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum prealbumin, albumin, hemoglobin, blood creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and retinol binding protein are also detected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between serum RBP levels and sarcopenia, and to adjust for potential confounding factors.Results:There are 105 cases of sarcopenia, 56 males and 49 females. The total prevalence of sarcopenia is 15.40% in general inpatients, of which 16.47% are males and 14.33% are females.For men and women, it was observed that the serum retinol binding protein in sarcopenia patients was significantly lower than that without sarcopenia (24.43±8.12 vs 29.98±9.91, P<0.001) and(23.27±5.13 vs 28.35±6.63, P < 0.001),The fully adjusted model showed that male and female low retinol binding protein participants had a 2.341(1.176,4.660) and 2.911(1.324-6.400) times higher risk of sarcopenia than normal retinol binding protein respectively.Conclusion: Low levels of retinol binding protein are associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in elderly general hospitalized patients.
Impact of Diagnosis-Related Group Payment System on the Variation in Hospitalization Expenditures: A Case-Control Study with a Propensity-Score-Matched Control Group
Authors: Fan Xiaoqi , Wang Zhifan , Huo Shanshan , Chen Ziyan , Jian Weiyan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
One of the important ways to reduce medical costs and improve quality of care is to enable physicians to provide standard medical services according to clinical guidelines, and the medical payment system is a significant means of guiding the behaviour of health service providers. This study aims to investigate whether the diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment system can improve the consistency of health services.
Method
Inpatients with three types of disease—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebral infarction (CI)—were enrolled from 25 county-level hospitals in a DRG pilot city in China. Inpatients from hospitals that implemented DRG payment were selected as the intervention group, and similar inpatient cases from hospitals that still implemented fee-for-services (FFS) payment were designated as the control group. A propensity matching score (PSM) was used for data matching to control for age, gender and disease severity. The variation of hospitalization expenditures and their trends before and after implementation of the DRG policy were described by using these matched samples.
Results
After DRG implementation, the standard deviation (SD) of hospitalization expenditures in the COPD, AMI and CI intervention groups decreased by 11094 yuan, 4833 yuan and 425 yuan, respectively, which were 5972, 2484, and 2938 yuan more than that in the control group. In each year after DRG implementation, the interquartile range (IQR) of hospitalization expenditures was smaller in DRG group than that in FFS group. In most years, the degree of variation in costs of the intervention group decreased more than that of the control group. The medians of hospitalization expenditures of the intervention groups were lower than the fixed cost, while most medians of the control groups were higher than the fixed cost.
Conclusion
A comparison of patients with similar demographics and disease characteristics revealed that patients in the DRG group experienced a smaller degree of variation in hospitalization expenditures, and indicated the expenditures had a tendency to become progressively more concentrated over time. It is suggested that DRG system can promote better consistency in health services and reduce medical costs.
Timing Shift Based Bi-residual Network Model for the Detection of Electricity Stealing
Authors: Zheng Ying , Deng Lingli , Li Jingfu , Zhuo Ling , Fan Huaijin , Feng Wenjiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the increasing number of electricity stealing users, the interests of countries are jeopardized and it brings economic burden to the government. However, due to the small-scale stealing and its random time coherence, it is difficult to find electricity stealing users. To solve this issue, we first generate the hybrid dataset composed of real electricity data and specific electricity stealing data. Then, we put forward the timing shift based bi-residual network (TS-BiResNet) model. It learns the features of electricity consumption data on two aspects, i.e., shallow features and deep features, and meanwhile takes time factor into consideration. The simulation results show that TS-BiResNet model can detect electricity stealing behaviors that are small-scaled and randomly coherent with time. Besides, its detection accuracy is superior to benchmark schemes, i.e., long short-term memory (LSTM) model and Bi-ResNet model.
Constant Light in Early Life Induces Depressive-Like Behavior in Chickens Via Modulation of Hippocampal BDNF/ERK Pathway
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Peirong , Liu Jie , Zhao Mindie , Cong Wei , Han Wanwan , Wang Deyun , Zhao Ruqian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Light management plays an important role in broiler growth and behavior. Constant light in early post hatch stage has been a common practice for improving feed intake and body weight gain in broiler chickens, while whether and how constant light in early life affects the behavior in broiler chickens is rarely reported.
Results

In this study, newly hatched chickens were kept in either constant light (24L:0D, LL) or natural photoperiod (12L:12D, LD) for 7 days and maintained in constant light thereafter from 8 d to 21 d of age. Constant light did not affect chicken body weight, while increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) in 7 d and 21 d and every week feed conversion ratio (FCR). Constant light exposure in early life induces depressive-like behaviors, which was associated with higher corticosterone (CORT), lower melatonin and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) plasma. Concurrently, constant light exposure increased the mRNA expression of clock related genes and suppressed the expression of antioxidative genes in the hippocampus of both 7- and 21-day-old chickens. Moreover, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in hippocampus was suppressed by constant light exposure.
Conclusions

These findings imply that constant light exposure in early life disrupts hippocampal expression of clock genes and BDNF/ERK pathway, which contributes to depressive-like behaviors in the chicken.
Heterologous Expression of Pediocin/Papa in Bacillus Subtilis
Authors: Wang Genyu , Guo Zhijun , Zhang Xueqian , Wu Hao , Bai XiuMei , Zhang Hailiang , Hu Richa , Pang Yuanxiang , Gao Zi’ang , Yan Lili , Huang Cuiying , Zhang Le , Pan Chunli , Liu Xuelian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Listeria moniocytogenes is food-borne pathogen. Pediocin is group II α bacteriocin with anti-listeria activity, naturally produced by Pediococuus acidilactic and Lactobacillus plantarum. Gene pepA/papA encode for pediocin. Expression and secretion of active papA was relayed on transporter papC and accessary protein papD on the same operon in native host. The excretion machines were also necessary for pediocin protein expression in heterologous host of E. coli, Lactobacillus lactis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In this study, two vector carrying codon sequence of papA mature peptide was constructed, with or without His tag. Both fragments were inserted into plasmid pHT43 and transformed Bacillus subtilis WB800N. The strains were induced with IPTG to secrete recombination protein PA1 and PA2 respectively. Supernatant from both recombination strains can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes ATCC54003 directly. The fused protein possesses inhibition activity as a whole, exempting from cleavage of leading peptide. Protein PA1 can be purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) metal affinity chromatography. This is the first report for active pediocin expression without assistance of papCD in heterogenous host.
Astigmatism Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes in Younger Children With Severe Congenital Ptosis After Frontalis Suspension Surgery
Authors: Tan Yilan , Wang Xilang , Tang Jing , Xiang Jianbo , Tao Lijuan , Luo Yulin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To examine the astigmatism characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with unilateral severe congenital ptosis following frontalis suspension surgery.Methods: We included 53 congenital ptosis patients who underwent frontalis suspension surgery in Hunan Children‘s Hospital. Each patient underwent a refractive examination before and after surgery to assess astigmatism. We also evaluated the effects and complications associated with the procedure.Results: Degree of astigmatism in ptotic and fellow eyes was -1.45±0.59 D and -0.66±0.51 D before surgery. Ratio of severe astigmatism in ptotic and fellow eyes was 51.3% and 12.8%. The fellow eyes presented with with-the-rule astigmatism (WR; 71.8%) and against-the-rule astigmatism (AR; 20.5%) types, with no cases of oblique astigmatism (OA). Ptotic eyes demonstrated higher frequencies of AR (59.0%) and OA (10.2%) than did fellow eyes. Furthermore, the former showed increased astigmatism, followed by a gradual decrease at the 6-month, before significantly decreasing at the 1-year postoperatively. The ratio of postoperative AR and OA astigmatism cases in ptotic eyes decreased to 35.9% and 7.7% 1 month postoperatively. However, there was a postoperative increase in the WR ratio from 30.8% to 56.4% after 1 month. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a success rate of 81.4% at 6 months and 62.9% at 12 months which was influenced by the following complications: suture reaction, epithelial keratopathy, infection and granuloma, lid lag, and recurrence. Conclusion: Frontalis suspension surgery can effectively and safely correct congenital ptosis in younger patients, which may ameliorate the development of amblyopic astigmatism.
Identification of Circulating Tfh/Th Subsets as Biomarker of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Peng Yuan , Tao Tao , Yu Ni-Wen , Chen Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence rate of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is increasing in ICU patients, which is usually associated with dysregulated immune responses. Previous study has revealed Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were essential for the formation and maintenance of geminal centers for anti-viral immune response, however, little is known about it during HAP.MethodsA total number of 62 patients with HAP and 10 healthy individuals were recruited. Lower respiratory tract secretion and blood samples were taken for microbiological examinations. Uncontrolled and controlled HAP patients were identified on the basis of its respiratory function or hemodynamics, according to the ATS guidelines of HAP. Circulating Tfh cells (CXCR5+Foxp3-CD4+) and Th cells (CXCR5-FoxP3-CD4+) in all individuals were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsClinically, 34 patients had uncontrolled HAP and 28 patients were controlled HAP. Patients were mainly infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p), Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is noted that Tfh/Th ratio was increased in patients with uncontrolled HAP than controlled HAP (P<0.05). Especially, Tfh/Th ratio was also higher in K.p-infected than non-K.p-infected patients (P<0.05). Furthermore, Tfh/Th ratio was significantly elevated in patients with BSIs compared to those without BSIs (P<0.01). Furthermore, Tfh/Th ratio showed an association with PCT, and the combination of Tfh/Th and PCT could serve as a better predicting marker for deterioration of HAP. Accordingly, HAP patients with high Tfh/Th ratio had a lower rate of survival in 28 days.ConclusionTfh/Th ratio is useful for identifying the severity of the patients with HAP and increased Tfh/Th ratio indicates uncontrolled HAP. Circulating Tfh/Th subsets could be used as a prognostic biomarker and may provide novel insight for the pathogenesis of HAP.