bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can eye surface temperature be used to indicate a stress response in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)?
Authors: MacRae AM , McGreevy P , Daros RR , Fraser D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfra-red thermography (IRT) is increasingly being used to estimate physiological stress responses in animals via changes in eye surface temperature. The aim of this study was to determine whether eye temperature of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) changes in response to routine handling and the potentially painful procedure of flipper-tagging, and if responses to tagging can be mitigated by subcutaneous injection of lidocaine. Orphaned pups (n = 52) at a rehabilitation facility were assigned to one of four treatments: Lidocaine (handled twice, once for injection and once for tagging); Saline (also handled twice); Tag Only (handled once); Sham Tag (handled once). Eye temperature increased more when pups were first handled compared to pups that were not handled and increased further in pups that underwent a second handling. Eye temperature of pups that were tagged without any previous treatment (Tag Only) increased compared to pups that were sham-tagged. Eye temperature also tended to increase after pups were injected with lidocaine but not saline. These results suggest that: (i) handling causes a physiological stress response; (ii) increased eye temperature arising from the second handling suggests the first handling was likely aversive, resulting in sensitisation to further handling; (iii) the rise in eye temperature after tagging, but not sham-tagging, may reflect pain from tagging; and (iv) lidocaine, at the dosage tested, did not appear to reduce the physiological response to tagging. These results show promise for the use of eye temperature to monitor stress responses and for evaluating the potential aversiveness of routine procedures in seals.
In vitro and In vivo Anticonvulsant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Moringa stenopetala in Mice Models
Authors: Salile Samson Sahile , Abula Teferra 
Published: January 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a debilitating neurological disorder that directly affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. In the search of safe and effective antiepileptics traditional treatment practices are one area of research to obtain novel molecules. Moringa stenopetala root is claimed to be used for epilepsy treatment in Konso area, Southern Ethiopia. But there was no scientific research evidence for the claimed use of the plant.
Objective: This study was conducted to explore the anticonvulsant activity of hydro-alcoholic (80% methanol) extract of root of Moringa stenopetala.
Methods: The dry residues of the plant extract was used for the test. In vitro 0Mg2+ mice model at dose 0.7 mg/kg of extract, diazepam(3μM) and untreated brain slice groups were used to compare the presence of seizure like event (SLE). In vivo pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model with 85 mg/kg subcutaneously was used to compare the seizure on set time with two extract doses and diazepam 5 mg/kg. The data was presented with mean± standard error. In maximum electric shock (MES) model 54 mA was passed for 0.2 second transauricularly in mice. The mean time of hind limb extension was recorded for doses 400 mg/kg and 800mg/kg of the extract and 10 mg/kg phenytoin. The means were compared for statistical significance using one way ANOVA post hoc LSD whereas proportions were compared using Fishers exact test with P-value < .05.
Results: M. stenopetala extract has shown statistically significant anticonvulsant activity in vitro compared to control (P<.05). A positive control, the known anticonvulsant diazepam (3μM), showed significant anticonvulsant activity (P<.05). In vivo MES model showed statistically significant anti-seizure activity at both doses (P<.05). But the crude extract failed to show statistically significant activity at all doses of PTZ model (P>.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that crude extract of Moringa stenopetala exhibited anti-convulsant effect both in vitro and in vivo MES models.
Intensifying Heat Using MOF‐Isolated Graphene for Solar‐Driven Seawater Desalination at 98% Solar‐to‐Thermal Efficiency
Authors: Han Xuemei , Besteiro Lucas V. , Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Lee Hiang Kwee , Phang In Yee , Phan‐Quang Gia Chuong , Ng Jing Yi , Sim Howard Yi Fan , Lay Chee Leng , Govorov Alexander , Ling Xing Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotothermal materials are crucial for diverse heating applications, but it remains challenging to achieve high energy conversion efficiency due to the difficulty to concurrently improve light absorbance and suppress heat loss. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐isolated graphene (G@ZIF) nanohybrid is demonstrated that utilizes ultrathin, heat‐insulating ZIF layers, and G@ZIF interfacial nanocavity to synergistically intensify light absorbance and heat localization. Under artificial sunlight illumination (≈1 kW m−2), the G@ZIF film attains a maximum temperature of 120 °C in an open environment with a 98% solar‐to‐thermal conversion efficiency. Importantly, the porous ZIF layer allows small molecules/media to enter and access the embedded hot graphene surface for targeted heat transfer in practical applications. As a proof‐of‐concept, the G@ZIF‐based steam generator realizes 96% energy conversion from light to vapor with near‐perfect desalination and water purification efficiencies (>99.9%). This design is generic and can be extended to other photothermal systems for advanced solar‐thermal applications, including catalysis, water treatments, sterilization, and mechanical actuation.
Photonic Vitrimer Elastomer with Self‐Healing, High Toughness, Mechanochromism, and Excellent Durability based on Dynamic Covalent Bond
Authors: Niu Wenbin , Cao Xianfei , Wang Yunpeng , Yao Bowen , Zhao Yusen , Cheng Jie , Wu Suli , Zhang Shufen , He Ximin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVitrimers, with their unique dynamic covalent bonds, possess attractive self‐healability and mechanical robustness, providing an intriguing opportunity to construct functional soft materials. However, their potential for function recovery, especially optical function, is underexplored. Harnessing the synergistic effect of photonic crystals and vitrimers, a novel photonic vitrimer with light regulating and self‐healing capabilities is presented. The resulting photonic vitrimer exhibits a large tensile strain (>1000%), high toughness (21.2 kJ m−3), bright structural color, and mechanochromism. Notably, the structural color remains constant even after 10 000 stretching/releasing cycles, showing superior mechanical stability, creep‐resistance, and excellent durability. More importantly, the exchange of dynamic covalent bonds imparts the photonic vitrimer with a self‐healing ability (>95% efficiency), enabling the recovery of its optical function. Benefiting from the above merits, the photonic vitrimer has been successfully used as a sensor for human motion detection, which demonstrates visualized interactive sensibility even after self‐repairing. This material design provides a general strategy for optical functionalization of vitrimers. The photonic vitrimer elastomers present great potential as resilient functional soft materials for diverse flexible devices and a novel optical platform for soft robotics, smart wearable devices, and human‐machine interaction.
Biomimetic Design of Mitochondria‐Targeted Hybrid Nanozymes as Superoxide Scavengers
Authors: Zhang Yue , Khalique Anila , Du Xinchen , Gao Zhanxia , Wu Jin , Zhang Xiangyun , Zhang Ran , Sun Zhiyuan , Liu Qiqi , Xu Zhelong , Midgley Adam C. , Wang Lianyong , Yan Xiyun , Zhuang Jie , Kong Deling , Huang Xinglu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDevelopment of enzyme mimics for the scavenging of excessive mitochondrial superoxide (O2•−) can serve as an effective strategy in the treatment of many diseases. Here, protein reconstruction technology and nanotechnology is taken advantage of to biomimetically create an artificial hybrid nanozyme. These nanozymes consist of ferritin‐heavy‐chain‐based protein as the enzyme scaffold and a metal nanoparticle core as the enzyme active center. This artificial cascade nanozyme possesses superoxide dismutase‐ and catalase‐like activities and also targets mitochondria by overcoming multiple biological barriers. Using cardiac ischemia‐reperfusion animal models, the protective advantages of the hybrid nanozymes are demonstrated in vivo during mitochondrial oxidative injury and in the recovery of heart functionality following infarction via systemic delivery and localized release from adhesive hydrogels (i.e., cardiac patch), respectively. This study illustrates a de novo design strategy in the development of enzyme mimics and provides a promising therapeutic option for alleviating oxidative damage in regenerative medicine.
Bridging Structural Inhomogeneity to Functionality: Pair Distribution Function Methods for Functional Materials Development
Authors: Zhu He , Huang Yalan , Ren Jincan , Zhang Binghao , Ke Yubin , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Zhang Qiang , Wang Xun‐Li , Liu Qi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe correlation between structure and function lies at the heart of materials science and engineering. Especially, modern functional materials usually contain inhomogeneities at an atomic level, endowing them with interesting properties regarding electrons, phonons, and magnetic moments. Over the past few decades, many of the key developments in functional materials have been driven by the rapid advances in short‐range crystallographic techniques. Among them, pair distribution function (PDF) technique, capable of utilizing the entire Bragg and diffuse scattering signals, stands out as a powerful tool for detecting local structure away from average. With the advent of synchrotron X‐rays, spallation neutrons, and advanced computing power, the PDF can quantitatively encode a local structure and in turn guide atomic‐scale engineering in the functional materials. Here, the PDF investigations in a range of functional materials are reviewed, including ferroelectrics/thermoelectrics, colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) magnets, high‐temperature superconductors (HTSC), quantum dots (QDs), nano‐catalysts, and energy storage materials, where the links between functions and structural inhomogeneities are prominent. For each application, a brief description of the structure‐function coupling will be given, followed by selected cases of PDF investigations. Before that, an overview of the theory, methodology, and unique power of the PDF method will be also presented.
Facile preparation of light‐weight biodegradable and electrically conductive polymer based nanocomposites for superior electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness
Authors: Nath Krishnendu , Ghosh Sabyasachi , Ghosh Suman Kumar , Das Palash , Das Narayan Ch. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHarmful electromagnetic radiations that are generated from different electronic devices could be absorbed by a light weight and mechanically flexible good electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding polymer nanocomposite. On the other hand, different electronic wastes (“e‐wastes”) which are generally polymer building materials generated from wastes of dysfunctional electronic devices are not naturally biodegradable. Our recent effort has been employed to produce bio‐degradable EMI shielding polymer nanocomposite. For that purpose, we had prepared a 50:50 ratio polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane polymer nanocomposite by mixing the conducting carbon black with the blend following the facile and industrially feasible solution mixing method. Morphological characterizations by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the co‐continuous morphology of the neat blend as well as polymer nanocomposites with the preferential distribution of conductive filler on a particular polymer phase. The polymer nanocomposites gave good mechanically with improved thermal properties. We got EMI shielding effectiveness around −27 dB with a low percolation threshold at around 30 wt% filler loading in the polymer nanocomposite at the X‐band frequency domain (8.2–12.4 GHz). Later we had studied the biodegradability of the PLA/TPU along with their composites (TXPXCX) by employing the respirometry method and got a satisfactory result to ensure their biodegradability.
Coadministration of ARV (Atripla) and Topiramate disrupts quail cardiac neural crest cell migration
Authors: Tshabalala Thabiso , Nkomozepi Pilani , Ihunwo Amadi Ogonda , Mbajiorgu Felix 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionCongenital anomalies such as ventricular septal defects and truncus communis have been reported with the prenatal use of antiretroviral therapy. The mechanism of antiretroviral therapy teratogenicity is unclear and is therefore the focus of this study. Some human immunodeficiency virus patients on antiretrovirals are placed on antiepileptic drugs which are also teratogenic. The interactive effects arising from this therapeutic combination may affect their teratogenic propensity through their effects on neural crest cell migration.MethodsAppropriately cultured neural crest cells from dissected neural tubes of 32‐hr old quail embryos exposed to culture media containing peak plasma levels of Atripla, Topiramate and the combination of both were studied. Distance of migration of neural crest cells was measured using the migration assay and the cells were stained with rhodamine phalloidin to evaluate the cell actin. Also quail neural crest cells were brought into suspension and microinjected into chick hosts to determine the migration of the cells to the interventricular septum.ResultsMigration of cultured neural crest cells was extensive in the control cultures, but inhibited in the treated groups. The experimental cultures showed a disarray of actin cytoskeleton contrary to normal distribution of actin filaments in controls. Significantly, few quail neural crest cells migrated to the interventricular septum of chick host embryos compared to the control cultures. The coadministration of topiramate with antiretroviral therapy does not seem to affect the activity of the antiretroviral drug.ConclusionThese results indicate that Atripla and Topiramate cause ventricular septal defects by inhibiting the migration of cardiac neural crest cells.
Kv1.1 deficiency alters repetitive and social behaviors in mice and rescues autistic‐like behaviors due to Scn2a haploinsufficiency
Authors: Indumathy Jagadeeswaran , Pruitt April , Gautier Nicole M. , Crane Kaitlin , Glasscock Edward 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy are highly comorbid, suggesting potential overlap in genetic etiology, pathophysiology, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities; however, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. This work investigated how two ion channel mutations, one associated with autism (Scn2a‐null) and one with epilepsy (Kcna1‐null), interact to modify genotype–phenotype relationships in the context of autism. Previous studies have shown that Scn2a+/– ameliorates epilepsy in Kcna1–/– mice, improving survival, seizure characteristics, and brain–heart dynamics. Here, we tested the converse, whether Kcna1 deletion modifies ASD‐like repetitive and social behaviors in Scn2a+/– mice.MethodsMice were bred with various combinations of Kcna1 and Scn2a knockout alleles. Animals were assessed for repetitive behaviors using marble burying, grooming, and nestlet shredding tests and for social behaviors using sociability and social novelty preference tests.ResultsBehavioral testing revealed drastic reductions in all repetitive behaviors in epileptic Kcna1–/– mice, but relatively normal social interactions. In contrast, mice with partial Kcna1 deletion (Kcna1+/–) exhibited increased self‐grooming and decreased sociability suggestive of ASD‐like features similar to those observed in Scn2a+/– mice. In double‐mutant Scn2a+/–; Kcna1+/– mice, the two mutations interacted to partially normalize ASD‐like behaviors associated with each mutation independently.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest that Kv1.1 subunits are important in pathways and neural networks underlying ASD and that Kcna1 may be a therapeutic target for treatment of Scn2a‐associated ASD.
Circ_0008305‐mediated miR‐660/BAG5 axis contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Yan Fuguo , Fan Bin , Wang Jianchu , Wei Wang , Tang Qianli , Lu Libai , Luo Zongjiang , Pu Jian , Yang Shan‐Shan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing circRNAs have attracted a lot of attention because of their significant biological effects in many diseases. It has been reported that circ_0008305 can modulate lung cancer progression. However, the association between circ_0008305 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) needs to be well explored. In this current research, we studied the molecular function and potential mechanism of circ_0008305 in HCC progression. First, it was demonstrated that circ_0008305 was greatly increased in HCC tissues and cells. Moreover, we observed silencing circ_0008305 markedly repressed HCC cells in vitro growth and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, it was identified that circ_0008305 can act as a sponge of miR‐660 while miR‐660 targeted Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene 5 (BAG5). BAG5 belongs to a member of BAG family and it is involved in multiple diseases. We reported that circ_0008305 contributed to the inhibition of miR‐660, which resulted in an upregulated expression of BAG5 in HCC. Subsequently, rescue assays were conducted and it was indicated that loss of BAG5 reversed the effects of miR‐660 inhibitors on HCC partially. To sum up, it was illustrated by our study that circ_0008305‐mediated miR‐660‐5p/BAG5 axis triggered HCC progression, which could provide a novel insight on the underlying mechanism of HCC progression.
Unmasking right ventricular failure in cardiogenic shock: The importance of serial hemodynamics
Authors: Lemor Alejandro , Al‐Darzi Waleed , O'Neill William , Basir Mir Babar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 65‐year‐old female was transferred with myocardial infarction, three‐vessel coronary artery disease, cardiogenic shock and an intraaortic balloon pump. Given persistent shock, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was upgraded using a left ventricular hemodynamic support device (Impella CP). The patient was monitored in the catheterization laboratory and serial hemodynamic measures were obtained. Initial hemodynamics showed relative improvement; however, serial assessments demonstrated worsening hemodynamics secondary to right ventricular failure, ultimately requiring a right ventricular hemodynamic support device. The case highlights the rapid changes that can occur with mechanical circulatory support devices and demonstrates the importance of obtaining serial hemodynamics in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
Synchronous p16+ nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and review
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Kua Hock , Giddings Charles , Day Daphne , McDowell Lachlan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a case of synchronous p16+ SCC involving both the nasopharynx and base of tongue treated with definitive chemo‐radiotherapy with concurrent high dose cisplatin. The nasopharyngeal lesion was detected incidentally on PET/CT imaging. Head and neck clinicians treating p16+ SCC should consider the possibility of synchronous lesions, including lesions which may be located in the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx.
Iatrogenic left circumflex coronary occlusion following mitral valve replacement surgery: A case report
Authors: Yavari Negin , Ghorbanpour Landy Mina , Motevali Yasaman , Tavousi Tabatabaei Elham , Mansourian Soheil , Mohseni Badalabadi Reza , Javad Mehrabanian Mohammad , Hossein Ahmadi Tafti Seyed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInjury to epicardial coronary arteries following mitral valve replacement surgery, albeit rare, could have fatal complications. In this case, we suggest conservative medical treatment as a safe approach in patients who are not suitable to undergo revascularization.
Synergistic effect of salt ions and water‐soluble amphiphilic compounds of acidic crude oil on surface and interfacial tension
Authors: Horeh Mohsen B. , Hassani Kamran , Rostami Behzad , Ghorbanizadeh Salman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of solubility of amphiphilic compounds of acidic crude oil in water on the surface and interfacial tension (IFT) with NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4 salts. Accordingly, distilled water, along with the salts mentioned in zero ionic strength up to 2 mol were put in contact with crude oil to become saturated with amphiphilic compounds. The effects of these compounds were investigated on the properties of contact water by pH, total organic carbon (TOC), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), water‐air surface tension (ST), and water‐n‐decane IFT tests. The results showed that some of the organic components of crude oil, especially acidic and basic compounds, are present or soluble in water, which have a significant effect on reducing the surface and IFT. The IFT reduction of water‐n‐decane was greater than the water‐air ST system. Also, the observations showed that for both NaCl and Na2SO4 salt water, with increasing ionic strength of water, there was an optimum salinity within the range of 0.1‐0.25 mol/L for both salts with the amount of surface and IFT minimized at this point. In the other two salts, this point was delayed upon elevation of ionic strength and was observed at high salinity. In this case, divalent cations reduce tension rate compared to monovalent cations. Due to solubility of acidic and basic groups in water, pH of salt water illustrates an acidic trend. Results of the FTIR test confirmed solubility of these compounds as well.
Fabrication of Magnetically Driven Helical Micro/nanoscale Motors and Their Functionalization for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Qin Fengying , Zhang Yuhan , Peng Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the development and progress of nanotechnology, major advances have been achieved in the micro/nanoscale motors field. Compared with tubular, wire, and sphere nanomotors, magnetically driven helical micro/nanoscale motors show broad prospects of future biomedical applications, especially in targeted drug delivery, due to their excellent movement performance in low Reynolds numbers fluids. In recent years, many fabrication methods of helical micro‐nano motors have been reported. This review set out to provide a summary of the fabrication of helical micro/nanoscale motors. In addition, the design strategies and further functionalization to achieve targeted drug delivery will be introduced as well. With this, we hope to spur further development of novel helical micro/nanomotors and speed up their clinical translation.
Thyroid sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia in conjunction with parotid basal cell adenoma: Cytologic, histologic, and molecular features
Authors: Noor Mushal , Russell Donna K. , Israel Anna‐Karoline , Lott Limbach Abberly 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) is a rare malignancy in the thyroid: only 56 cases with histologic descriptions are reported in the literature and fewer reports describe the cytomorphology. Given the rarity of SMECE, data on the cytomorphologic and molecular features are limited. We report a case of a 53‐year‐old woman with a 5 cm left thyroid mass. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) revealed atypia of undetermined significance and pathology of left thyroid lobectomy specimen showed SMECE. Additionally, a left pre‐auricular lump was noted and FNA followed by left superficial parotidectomy showed basal cell adenoma. Next‐generation sequencing showed point mutations in NTRK3 and NF1. Unlike salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, MAML2 translocations are not present in SMECE. Even though it is a rare entity, awareness of SMECE of the thyroid is important. In this case report we review the cytomorphologic, histologic, and molecular features.