bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ophiocephalus striatus sp. Extract on Nitric Oxide in Ischemic Stroke Model
Authors: Nasution Iskandar , Sjahrir Hasan , Ilyas Syafruddin , Ichwan Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: One of alternative medicine in stroke therapy is Ophiocephalus striatus sp. extract. The nutrients contained in the O. striatus sp. extract, namely amino acids, fatty acids, cuprum, and zinc, are useful for the process of angiogenesis in poststroke patients through increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

AIM: We hypothesized that there was an effect of giving O. striatus sp. extract to cerebral angiogenesis process of Sprague Dawley rats ischemic stroke models through the level of NO.

METHODS: This was evidenced by conducting experimental studies on rats ischemic stroke models which were divided into five groups, (a) K (−) group (no ligation, no treatment), (b) K (+) group (ligation, no treatment), (c) P1 group (ligation, 200 mg extract), (d) P2 group (ligation, 400 mg extract), and (e) P3 group (ligation, 800 mg extract). Then blood sample was taken on day 3 to assess levels of NO.

RESULTS: There was increased level of NO in P1 (p = 0.001), P2 (p < 0.001), and P3 (p < 0.001) groups compared to K (+) group. The level of NO increases along with the increasing dose of O. striatus sp. extract. Histological examination revealed that there was formation of new blood vessel in the P1, P2, and P3 groups compared to K (+) group.

CONCLUSION: Our study showed that O. striatus sp. extract improves cerebral angiogenesis in rat models of ischemic stroke.
Postures et impostures narratives dans Expiation , de Ian McEwan (2001)
Authors: Naugrette Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Souvent considéré comme son chef-d’œuvre, Expiation de Ian McEwan (2001) joue savamment sur des postures narratives qui s’avèrent n’être que des impostures destinées à tromper, mais aussi happer le lecteur dans le labyrinthe métafictionnel d’un passé recomposé, à partir d’un « crime » qui n’a pas eu lieu. Entre 1935 et 1999, Briony Tallis, apprentie romancière, cherche à réparer son tort vis-à-vis de Robbie Turner, faussement accusé de viol. McEwan inclut en abyme dans son roman le roman de Briony, qui devenue auteure à succès, revendique le pouvoir de la fiction à la fois comme réparatrice, consolatrice, mais aussi libre de s’affranchir d’une soi-disant vérité historique impossible à établir.
Chant et engagement littéraire dans Le Balcon de Jean Genet
Authors: Corrado Jean-Christophe 
Published: June 2021

L’article s’intéresse aux rapports entre littérature et politique chez Jean Genet tels que ces rapports se dessinent dans Le Balcon . Genet réfléchit à l’efficacité et aux limites d’une certaine littérature politique : la littérature de célébration qui se donne pour tâche de chanter régimes politiques et révolutions. Mettant en place une image héroïsée de ce qu’elle célèbre, cette littérature court le risque de s’autonomiser par rapport à la cause qu’elle prétendait défendre. L’article proposera d’opposer Chantal – figure d’une littérature révolutionnaire qui héroïse la révolte – au Saïd des Paravents – lequel représente non plus une image embellie de la révolution mais une image des humiliations qui rappellent au révolté les raisons de sa révolte.
Le réveil du « Béarn » ou la montée en puissance de l’A400M
Authors: Caspar-Fille-Lambie Thierry 
Published: June 2021

L’escadron « Béarn » a été de tous les théâtres de guerre et d’opération depuis le début de l’aviation de transport militaire. Son réveil d’ici peu, avec la mise en œuvre de l’A400M va lui permettre d’écrire de nouvelles pages avec un avion remarquable dont les capacités ne cessent de monter en performances.
Où en est la « Vision 2030 » saoudienne cinq ans après son lancement ?
Authors: Besancenot Bertrand 
Published: June 2021

L’Arabie saoudite a pris conscience de sa mauvaise image de marque et du besoin de réformes. Le prince héritier, Mohammed ben Salmane considère que des progrès ont été réalisés depuis le lancement de son plan « Vision 2030 » il y a cinq ans. Il reste cependant beaucoup de travail à réaliser pour consolider le projet saoudien.
Vade in pace . La fortune littéraire et historiographique de la prison monastique du Moyen Âge au XX e siècle
Authors: Lusset Élisabeth 
Published: June 2021

Attestés depuis le iv e siècle, les cachots monastiques destinés à punir les religieux ont longtemps été occultés par les historiens du monachisme. Ils ont néanmoins survécu dans les mémoires à travers leur légende noire, celle du vade in pace ou in pace . Depuis le xv e siècle, cette locution latine désigne le cachot obscur, souterrain et insalubre dans lequel croupiraient les moines et les moniales fautifs, enfermés à perpétuité. L’article entend retracer quelques-uns des jalons du « grand récit » historiographique forgé à propos de l’ in pace , qui s’est constitué par une sédimentation successive entre le xv e et la fin du xviii e siècle, avant de se fossiliser au xix e siècle. Il montre en particulier le rôle décisif du mauriste Jean Mabillon et de ses Réflexions sur les prisons des ordres religieux , parues en 1724, qui confèrent à l’ in pace une épaisseur historique. Il analyse ensuite la manière dont les Lumières, les dramaturges révolutionnaires, les romantiques, la science pénitentiaire et l’historiographie des xix e - xx e siècles se sont saisis de l’ in pace , symbole du despotisme monastique, et l’ont investi de significations variées et renouvelées.
Les bénéficiaires du cursus publicus : des privilégiés ?
Authors: Crogiez-Pétrequin Sylvie 
Published: June 2021

Le service de transport officiel de l’Empire romain, le cursus publicus , est pendant cinq siècles un service administratif réservé à l’État. Seul un petit nombre de personnes bénéficient de l’autorisation d’en utiliser ses infrastructures. Ces personnes sont-elles des privilégiées ? À partir des sources écrites, inscriptions, textes littéraires ou codes juridiques à notre disposition, on étudiera qui sont les bénéficiaires des voyages effectués dans ce cadre, comment ces voyages sont vécus par les utilisateurs, et enfin quel jugement porte les populations provinciales sur le service de transport et ses bénéficiaires ? Le droit de voyager par le cursus publicus est-il l’expression de la faveur impériale, la marque de l’importance du personnage qui l’utilise ou un instrument de domination et de contrôle du pouvoir politique ?
Hiérarchie sociale et classement des routes. Ce que les itinéraires royaux nous apprennent sur les déplacements au XIV e siècle
Authors: Bove Boris , Costa Laurent 
Published: June 2021

L’article croise l’étude statistique et spatiale des itinéraires des rois du xiv e siècle avec le témoignage des contemporains et les cartes des routes au xvi e - xviii e siècle pour tenter, à travers la construction de ce référentiel, une sociologie des usages de la route dans le royaume en général, et en Beauvaisis en particulier. On constate alors que la mobilité est inversement proportionnelle au rang social et qu’à rang égal, le rayon d’action des femmes est nettement plus limité que celui des hommes, avec une correction notable à cette règle : les princes et plus encore les princesses en position de maîtriser leur patrimoine sont beaucoup plus mobiles que le roi, qui voyage ponctuellement mais sort peu de sa région de résidence francilienne au quotidien, et la reine ne quitte guère les environs de Paris. Croiser les voyages vers la Flandre avec la hiérarchie des routes permet de confirmer que les contraintes logistiques du roi en voyage le poussent à suivre les mêmes routes que les caravanes marchandes, et au même rythme – quoiqu’il ignore la voie d’eau et soit capable d’accélérations ponctuelles. L’étude sérielle des voyages du sacre permet néanmoins de nuancer cette constatation : si le voyage du sacre suppose un itinéraire stable avec comme étapes Paris, Reims, Corbeny, et dans une moindre mesure Laon et Soissons, son tracé entre ces géosymboles est extrêmement variable et emprunte même régulièrement des chemins non répertoriés sur les cartes modernes. Cette capacité du cortège royal à emprunter des chemins secondaires est confirmée par l’éloignement des étapes royales dans les itinéraires en général : entre la moitié et le tiers des étapes sont en effet situées à plus de 3 km des grands axes de circulation, ce qui suppose non seulement de faire passer des chariots sur des chemins de traverse, mais aussi de loger dans des gîtes médiocres puisque la moitié des étapes se situe dans des lieux uniques et en général obscurs. La sociologie des voies routières proposée par Philippe de Beaumanoir dans ses coutumes du Beauvaisis est donc une rationalisation en partie idéologique des pratiques contemporaines. La variété des routes empruntées par les rois s’explique par l’hétérogénéité des modelés des divers tracés qui composent chaque itinéraire.
Le genre documentaire, une forme partagée d’écriture de l’histoire
Authors: Delage Christian 
Published: June 2021

Le genre du film documentaire procède-t‑il d’un partage entre les compétences de la réalisation et celles de l’écriture de l’histoire ? Les expériences inaugurales conduites dans l’Amérique de la Grande Dépression et la France du Front populaire montrent l’importance du collectif ou l’apport de chercheurs individuels dans le processus de réalisation. En France, l’implication du Comité d’histoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale dans l’écriture du film d’Alain Resnais Nuit et Brouillard restera sans suite : la plupart des grands documentaristes travaillent à distance de l’expertise historienne. Si certains historiens ont développé une véritable familiarité avec l’outil audiovisuel, il faut attendre les années 1990 pour voir des chercheurs devenir eux-mêmes réalisateurs, dans un contexte où la création de la chaîne ARTE, en lien avec une politique d’aide à la création conduite par les pouvoirs publics, permet à la France d’ouvrir un espace exigeant de collaboration entre le monde de la recherche et celui de la production de films. Aujourd’hui, le passage, la translation du langage de la connaissance scientifique vers celui du film est devenu un terrain d’expérimentation davantage partagé dans l’écriture de l’histoire.
Postdonation information during dengue outbreaks at a single blood center in Brazil
Authors: Costa-Lima Carolina , Benites Bruno Deltreggia , Rocha Daniele Ramos , Andrade Elisabete , Alvarez Patricia , Magnus Mariana Munari , Addas-Carvalho Marcelo 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Brazilian blood banks encourage donors to report postdonation information (PDI) regarding conditions that would lead to deferral in an attempt to retrieve distributed nonconforming blood.

OBJECTIVES:
This study evaluated the profile of donors reporting PDI, the impact on transfusion safety, and the possible impact on the discard of blood products.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
We analyzed 115 consecutive PDIs between May 2014 and July 2015, a period comprising two dengue-like syndrome (DLS) outbreaks.

RESULTS:
These PDIs accounted for 87,780 blood donations. The average time for PDIs since donation was 4 (0–23) days and 190 blood components were discarded. DLS accounted for 21.7% of the PDIs analyzed; 11 of the 23 samples tested were nucleic acid test (NAT) positive for dengue and 2 positive for Zika virus (ZIKV). Six of these PDIs were reported after blood components have been transfused: After NAT testing, one of these recipients was diagnosed with dengue and another one with ZIKV infection, both possible transfusions transmitted but without clinical consequences.

CONCLUSION:
The high number of recovered blood components due to PDI suggests that PDI remains a great ally in the fight against transfusion-transmitted infections and may be particularly useful during outbreaks of emerging potentially blood-borne pathogens.
Evaluation of the confidential unit exclusion on Iranian blood donors
Authors: Ameli Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Rad Fariba , Sajjadi Seyed Mehdi 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Confidential unit exclusion (CUE) was recommended by the Food and Drug Administration to permit blood donors confidentially exclude their donation for transfusion. However, its effectiveness as a safety measure to the blood supply is debated.

AIMS:
We, therefore, evaluated its benefit in identifying donors at risk of transmitting transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) and increasing blood safety in our population.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study. The study was performed at the South Khorasan Blood Transfusion Center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this descriptive and retrospective study, data of CUE use and data of confirmed positive TTI markers were analyzed for the study period 2006–2016.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

RESULTS:
Out of 165,267 donations, the CUE option was selected by 493 (0.3%) donors, most frequently by first-time blood donors, by men, by donors with <12 years schooling, and by 18–24-year-old donors. The data revealed that donations from CUE donors had no higher infection rates. Moreover, CUE showed low sensitivity (0.6%) and low positive predictive value (0.6%) in detecting TTI markers.

CONCLUSION:
The data do not provide any indication of a safety advantage from CUE; thus, we recommend that the procedure of CUE can be discontinued.
National blood donor vigilance programme of India
Authors: Bisht Akanksha , Marwaha Neelam , Arora Satyam , Patidar Gopal K. , Chhabra Reba 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The donor vigilance program is intended to collect and assess information on unexpected or undesirable effects or reactions resulting from blood donation. In this report, we discuss the analysis of the blood donor adverse reactions (DARs) reported in the National Blood Donor Vigilance Programme of India during the first 2 years of implementation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
DAR reporting form prepared and approved by the National Executive Committee of the Haemovigilance Programme of India was used to capture the data by the blood centers and submitted to Donor-Vigil software prepared and hosted by the official website of the National Institute of Biologicals. Data reported for the years 2016 and 2017 were reviewed, analyzed, and validated by independent transfusion medicine experts.

RESULTS:
During this period, a total of 19,98,101 donations denominator data were reported, in which 1,622,600 (80.9%) were valid. A total of 6091 DARs were reported, out of which 3980 (65.35%) were found valid. Only validated numerator and denominator data were included in the analysis. Generalized DARs were the most common type of DARs reported (83.7%), followed by “others” type (7.7%), localized (7.6%), allergic (0.4%), and complications related to apheresis (0.4%). The overall DAR rate was 2.45/1000 blood donations, which was higher in apheresis donations (3.07/1000) as compared to whole blood donations (2.39/1000). The DARs rates were higher in females (3.5/1000) compared to male donors (2.3/1000) and in the first time (2.5/1000) compared to repeat donors (2.15/1000).

CONCLUSION:
In this report, we concluded that younger age, first time, and female donors are more prone to DARs as compared to older age, repeat, and male donors. During the analysis of the data, we found some limitations, which can be improved by upgrading the reporting form and conducting regular continuing medical education (CMEs) of participant blood centers.
Prevalance of Anti-HLA antibodies in parous female blood donors
Authors: Priyadarsini Arcot Jayachandran , Dhawan Hari Krishan , Sharma Ratti Ram , Saikia Biman , Minz Ranjana W. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Various studies have implicated that plasma causing transfusion-related acute lung injury is from alloimmunized females. The frequency of sensitization to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) was found to correlate with their parity score. No literature on the prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies in Indian blood donors is available to date. Hence, this pilot study was done to know the frequency of HLA alloimmunization in Indian blood donors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 192 consenting voluntary blood donors from blood donation camps were enrolled in the study. Test group: Parous female donors (n = 96) and control group: Nulliparous female donors (n = 48) and male donors (n = 48). HLA alloimmunization was tested on the Luminex platform by screening assay to detect IgG antibodies to HLA Class I and II molecules of human origin. A mean fluoresence index of more than 2000 was considered as a positive reaction, considering the high sensitivity of Luminex assay.

RESULTS:
Sixty-three out of 192 donors (32.8%) tested positive for anti-HLA antibodies, out of which 23 donors were in the control group (23.9%), and 40 donors were in the test group (41.7%); P = 0.002. On gender-based comparison, 9 out of 48 male donors (18.7%), as compared to 54 out of 144 female donors (37.5%), tested positive for HLA antibodies (P = 0.02). Based on an increase in parity score, the frequency of HLA alloimmunization was found to be significantly correlated (P = 0.002). A decrease in the trend of HLA alloimmunization was observed as the duration from the last pregnancy increased. A higher frequency of HLA alloimmunization was observed in female donors with a history of transfusion and bad obstetric history.

CONCLUSION:
The present study substantiates that plasma from parous female donors has a higher chance of containing anti-HLA antibodies as compared to nulliparous female and male donors.
Implementation of internal quality control program for monitoring of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performance at a blood center
Authors: Dubey Anju , Sonker Atul 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Internal quality control (IQC) samples may be incorporated in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) routinely for detection of errors occurring due to change in environmental conditions, test system, or operator performance. We have described methodology for preparation of IQC samples, monitoring of results using Levey–Jennings (LJ) charts and their interpretation. We have also described our experience of quality control in ELISA using IQC samples, identification of errors and corrections applied.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
IQC samples for anti-HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-HCV ELISA were prepared “in-house” using standard methodology. After validation of run, E-ratio of IQC sample was calculated and plotted on LJ chart. Further interpretation was done to detect the errors. LJ charts illustrating the performance of IQC samples on 180 runs for each ELISA were drawn and analyzed.

RESULTS:
For anti-HIV ELISA, violation of warning rule was found in 2 runs (1.11%). Only one run (0.55%) was rejected due to violation of rejection rule. For HBsAg ELISA, violation of warning rule was indicated in two runs (1.11%). Two runs (1.11%) were rejected due to violation of rejection rules. For anti-HCV ELISA, violation of warning rule was indicated in two runs (1.11%), whereas two runs were rejected due to violation of rejection rules. Comprehensive checks were performed for the evaluation of equipment calibration, handling, and storage temperature of reagents and operator's technique. A thorough investigation was undertaken according to the type of error.

CONCLUSION:
Inclusion of IQC with each ELISA run is valuable to check the assay performance, ensuring reliability and reproducibility of test results.
Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in acute humoral rejection patients undergoing live-related renal transplantation
Authors: Kakkar Brinda , Makroo Raj Nath , Agrawal Soma , Chowdhry Mohit , Nayak Sweta , Jasuja Sanjiv , Sagar Gaurav , Guleria Sandeep 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIM:
Renal transplantation (RT) is the most successful and ideal renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients. Renal allograft rejection has always been one of the major barriers in successful RT. Our aim was to report the role of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in acute humoral rejection (AHR) patients who underwent live-related RT (LRRT) and their renal allograft outcome at our center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A prospective observational study was conducted from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016. Patients with biopsy-proven AHR and treated with TPE along with other lines of treatment after undergoing LRRT were included in the study. ABO-incompatible individuals, pediatric patients, and patients undergoing second transplants were excluded from the study. Clinical history, donor and graft details, management, and patient and graft survival were noted.

RESULTS:
Of the 1608 patients who underwent LRRT, 49 (37 males, 76%; 12 females, 24%; mean age 39.5 ± 13.3 years) had biopsy-proven AHR (3.04%) and were treated with TPE. A total of 281 TPEs were performed with an average of 5.7 TPE/patient (range 2–12). Of the 49 patients, 38 patients (78%) with favorable response underwent 213 (75.8%) TPEs (average of 5.6 TPE/patient; range: 2–12), whereas 11 patients (22%) with unfavorable response underwent 68 (24.2%) TPEs (average of 6.2 TPE/patient; range: 3–8). Blood urea (P = 0.012) and serum creatinine (P = 0.038) levels at the time of rejection were significant predictors of response to TPE therapy. The average length of stay in our study population was 33 ± 22 days. Six months posttransplant, the patient and graft survival were 93.3% and 89.5%, whereas at 12 months, they were 89.3% and 81.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
TPE is a safe and effective adjunct therapy for treating AHR patients.
A novel observation on grouping anomaly
Authors: Joshi Sanmukh R. , Kanani Ashish N. , Senjaliya Snehal B. , Rajapara Manisha M. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Discrepancy in “forward/reverse” grouping leads to confusion in assigning ABO group to a person. It could be genetic in nature and classified according to the presence/absent of antigen on red blood cell (RBC) vis-a-vis corresponding alloantibody in plasma.

AIM:
The aim of the study was to investigate the grouping anomaly found in a recently delivered woman who required transfusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A standard protocol for investigation was followed.

RESULTS:
A 27-year-old female, gravida 4, para 3, was grouped O on forward grouping, but her serum did not agglutinate Group B RBCs tested. Absorption-elution study gave an active eluate from her sensitized RBCs with anti-B or anti-A+B. Saliva showed H, but no B antigens indicating to her Bel phenotype. However, 2-week latter in the follow-up study, her serum revealed a presence of complement binding high titer anti-B. The problem of missing anti-B on the previous occasion was attributed to hemagglutination inhibition caused by accumulated complement macromolecules on RBCs that gave rise to physical hindrance in the formation hemagglutination clumps.

CONCLUSION:
The unusual case of erroneous reversed grouping was attributed to complement-mediated hemagglutination inhibition. The positive eluate obtained from sensitized RBCs of the mother was considered to be due to a contamination of fetal RBCs in maternal circulation entered during her postpartum phase of pregnancy. It could also be due to a conversion of H to B antigen no matter in trace amount by the fetal B group-specific transferase percolated into maternal circulation.