bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data‐driven approach for improved quantification of in vivo metabolic conversion rates of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate
Authors: Kim Yaewon , Nickles Tanner M. , Lee Philip M. , Bok Robert A. , Gordon Jeremy W. , Larson Peder E. Z. , Vigneron Daniel B. , von Morze Cornelius , Ohliger Michael A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeAccurate quantification of metabolism in hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRI is essential for clinical applications. However, kinetic model parameters are often confounded by uncertainties in radiofrequency flip angles and other model parameters.MethodsA data‐driven kinetic fitting approach for HP 13C‐pyruvate MRI was proposed that compensates for uncertainties in the B1+ field. We hypothesized that introducing a scaling factor to the flip angle to minimize fit residuals would allow more accurate determination of the pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion rate (kPL). Numerical simulations were performed under different conditions (flip angle, kPL, and T1 relaxation), with further testing using HP 13C‐pyruvate MRI of rat liver and kidneys.ResultsSimulations showed that the proposed method reduced kPL error from 60% to 1% when the prescribed and actual flip angles differed by 60%. The method also showed robustness to T1 uncertainties, achieving median kPL errors within ±3% even when the assumed T1 was incorrect by up to a factor of 2. In rat studies, better‐quality fitting for lactate signals (a 1.4‐fold decrease in root mean square error [RMSE] for lactate fit) and tighter kPL distributions (an average of 3.1‐fold decrease in kPL standard deviation) were achieved using the proposed method compared with when no correction was applied.ConclusionThe proposed data‐driven kinetic fitting approach provided a method to accurately quantify HP 13C‐pyruvate metabolism in the presence of B1+ inhomogeneity. This model may also be used to correct for other error sources, such as T1 relaxation and flow, and may prove to be clinically valuable in improving tumor staging or assessing treatment response.
Machine learning‐based multi‐pool Voigt fitting of CEST, rNOE, and MTC in Z‐spectra
Authors: Mohammed Ali Sajad , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Prasuhn Jannik , Wirestam Ronnie , Knutsson Linda , Yadav Nirbhay N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeFour‐pool Voigt (FPV) machine learning (ML)–based fitting for Z‐spectra was developed to reduce fitting times for clinical feasibility in terms of on‐scanner analysis and to promote larger cohort studies. The approach was compared to four‐pool Lorentzian (FPL)‐ML–based modeling to empirically verify the advantage of Voigt models for Z‐spectra.MethodsVoigt and Lorentzian models were fitted to human 3 T Z‐spectral data using least squares (LS) to generate training data for the corresponding ML versions. Gradient boosting decision trees were trained, resulting in one Voigt and one Lorentzian ML model. Modeling accuracy was tested, and the fitting times of the ML models and LS versions were evaluated. The goodness of fits of Voigt and Lorentzian ML models were compared.ResultsThe training time for each ML model (Voigt and Lorentzian) was less than 1 min, and the modeling accuracy compared to the corresponding LS versions was excellent, as indicated by a nonsignificant difference between the parameters obtained by LS and corresponding ML versions. The average fitting time was 20 μs/spectrum for both ML models compared to 0.27 and 0.82 s/spectrum for LS with FPL and FPV, respectively. The goodness of fits of FPV‐ML and FPL‐ML differed significantly (p < 0.005), with FPV‐ML showing an improvement for all tested data.ConclusionGradient boosting decision trees fitting of multi‐pool Z‐spectra significantly reduces fitting times compared to traditional LS approaches, allowing fast data processing while upholding fitting quality. Along with the short training times, this makes the method suitable for clinical settings and for large cohort research applications. The FPV‐ML approach provides a significant improvement of goodness of fit compared to FPL‐ML.
Basis function compression for field probe monitoring
Authors: Dubovan Paul I. , Varela‐Mattatall Gabriel , Michael Eric S. , Hennel Franciszek , Menon Ravi S. , Pruessmann Klaas P. , Kerr Adam B. , Baron Corey A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeField monitoring using field probes allows for accurate measurement of magnetic field perturbations, such as from eddy currents, during MRI scanning. However, errors may result when the spatial variation of the fields is not well‐described by the conventionally used spherical harmonics model that has the maximum order constrained by the number of probes. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a field monitoring approach that compresses higher order spherical harmonics into a smaller set of new basis functions that can be characterized using fewer probes.MethodsField monitoring of acquisitions was repeated with probes in different locations. High‐order field dynamics were computed from this “calibration” data assembled from provided scans, from which compression matrices could be devised using principal component analysis. Compression matrices were then used to fit field dynamics using “compressed” basis functions with data from 16 probes, which were then used in image reconstruction. Performance was evaluated by assessing the accuracy of computed field dynamics as well as in vivo image quality. Technique generalizability was also assessed by using various acquisition and diffusion encoding strategies in the calibration.ResultsQualitative and quantitative improvements in accuracy were observed when using the proposed fitting method compared to the conventional approach. However, compression effectiveness was influenced by the probe quantity and arrangement, and the specific acquisition data included in the calibration.ConclusionThe ability to tailor basis functions to more compactly describe the spatial variation of field perturbations enables improved characterization of fields with rapid spatial variations.
Patients' Experiences With Advance Care Planning and Decision‐Making: An Interview Study in Finnish Hospital Palliative Care Wards
Authors: Kuusisto Anne , Saranto Kaija , Lähteenmäki Katriina , Soikkeli‐Jalonen Anu , Haavisto Elina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAim and ObjectiveThis study described patients' experiences with advance care planning and decision‐making in Finnish hospital palliative care wards.DesignA descriptive qualitative study with semi‐structured individual interviews.MethodsThe study group consisted of purposely selected patients in palliative care wards from two university hospital districts. A pretested interview guide was used. The interviews focused on three main themes with auxiliary questions. Data were gathered until data saturation was reached. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsA total of 20 patients with cancer were interviewed. Patients' experiences with advance care planning in palliative care were grouped into three parent categories with subcategories: (1) Making plans for the end of life (need for psychosocial support in cancer disease and wish for goals of care discussion), (2) Symptom management planning (wish for pharmacological interventions for symptom management and wish for non‐pharmacological interventions for symptom management) and (3) Palliative care coordination (need for discharge planning and wish for compatibility between team members). Patients' experiences with care decision‐making in palliative care were grouped into two parent categories with subcategories: (1) healthcare professional as a care decision‐maker (medical care decision‐making, nursing care decision‐making and inter‐professional care decision‐making) and (2) shared decision‐making (need for patient involvement in shared decision‐making and need for family member involvement in shared decision‐making).ConclusionThis study highlights the need for advance care planning and involvement in shared decision‐making in palliative care from patient perspectives.Relevance for Clinical PracticeThe results from this study show that nurses must be critically concerned about the early and intentional initiation of palliative care.Reporting MethodThe consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies checklist (COREQ) was used.Patient or Public ContributionThe data consists of answers given by patients in interviews.
Viscoelastic mechanics of a bistable composite cylindrical structure
Authors: Wang Bing , Ye Junjie , Zhang Shunnan , Guan Chenglong , Zhong Jianfeng , Zhong Shuncong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBistable composite cylindrical structures have been developed over the last four decades, and show great potential for shape morphing applications, especially in aerospace. Their bistabilities are known to be induced by unsymmetric composite layups, while the governing factors on shape geometries and viscoelastic mechanics remain an enigma. Here, we investigated the intricate relationship between structural geometry and stable mechanics of a bistable unsymmetric composite cylindrical structure. A polylactic acid (PLA)‐based carbon composite laminate was prepared through 3D printing, which released design freedom on structural fiber volume fraction that could be controlled by modulating hatch spacing between the composite yarns. This strategic adjustment allowed the regulation of grid density, hence the in‐plane stress level, which dominates the bistable geometries. The cylindrical composite samples were produced with hatch spacing changed from 1.25 to 5 mm, corresponding to a fiber volume fraction ranged from 24.2% to 6.6%, where the structural curvature was also changed by up to 50% difference and gradually became viscoelastic dependent. It is found that the internal stress difference in thickness direction dominates the structural bistability, and there is a threshold value on the stress difference magnitude to essentially maintain the bistable configurations. These findings are expected to facilitate reversed structural design and manufacturing of the bistable cylindrical shells with tailorable stability, and promote their viscoelastic‐based large shape morphing fatigue life predictions.Highlights
Bistable composite cylindrical shells were produced with various grid density.
A theoretical model was established to predict the time‐dependent bistability.
Stress difference in thickness direction dominates the structural curvature.
Stress contour reveals the viscoelastic‐dependent bistable mechanics.
Solvated Electrons and Hydroxyl Radicals at Plasma‐Liquid Interface
Authors: Lee Seungjun , Kang Hyung‐Gu , Kim Minkwan , Yun Gunsu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHydroxyl radicals (·OH) are potent oxidizers, but their high reactivity confines them to a thin layer at the plasma‐liquid interface, complicating the understanding of their generation and transport. This study investigates the generation and distribution of ·OH and solvated electrons (eaq) at the plasma‐electrolyte interface. For the electrolyte anode, ·OH generation is diffusion‐driven, and in the absence of ·OH scavengers, ·OH predominantly reacts with eaq at the interface. Ion bombardment in the electrolyte cathode significantly enhances ·OH generation, leading to hydrogen peroxide formation. These findings offer strategies to optimize reactive species.
Effects on Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Coconut Water Packaged in Silver‐Based Materials
Authors: Malafatti João Otávio Donizette , da Costa Brito Sabrina , Pereira Vinicius Alex Cano , Calisto Ítalo , Netto Saad Barbar , Formigoni Carlos Eduardo , Innocentini Murilo Daniel de Mello , Mitsuyuki Milene Corso , Sivieri Kátia , Ferreira Marcos David 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCoconut water is a fresh and popular drink that is attractive to consumers worldwide. Packaging development is essential to improve product quality, protect against microorganism contamination and preserve their physical‐chemistry properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are excellent actives applied in studies of food packaging, exhibiting great antimicrobial activity and reinforcement properties in polymeric matrices. The current work goals are to evaluate AgNPs supported on carriers, silica (SiO2) and hydroxyapatite (Hap) in the linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer obtained nanocomposite materials (LLDPE/AgNPs) to coconut water packaging. Thus, the present assay ascertained if adding these active agents in a commercial material (LLDPE) may improve coconut water's physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. The processing obtained the packaging composites at two concentrations (0.4% and 0.6%) by extrusion methodology. The pasteurized coconut water was packaged and monitored during 35 days of storage at temperatures above the recommended (7°C). The physicochemical analyses of coconut water verified the maintenance of pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, colour, turbidity, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, reducing and nonreducing sugars and minerals. Microbiological analyses were performed to detect the growth of psychrotrophic, moulds and yeasts, enterobacteria and Salmonella spp. The results showed that the AgNPs supported in both particles did not affect coconut water's physical and chemical characteristics compared to the LLDPE control. Concerning microbial growth, adding particles reduced the product's microbial load. Thus, the LLDPE/AgNPs packages obtained in this work demonstrated a potential application as commercial material to coconut water that can preserve the intrinsic physicochemical and improve the microbiological quality.
Part A: Implementing an Analyte Panel and Sampling Protocol for Quality Control in Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Mills Quinn , Kibbe Russell R. , Sohn Alexandria L. , Percy Andrew J. , Backiel Krista , Muddiman David C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleWhile quality control (QC) and system suitability testing (SST) methods are commonly employed in mass spectrometry, the field of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) currently lacks any universally accepted QC/SST protocols. These methods can prevent the loss of precious samples due to suboptimal instrument conditions and/or data quality, but they are more challenging to implement on MSI platforms. Herein, a panel of analytes is conveniently analyzed in a setup that reflects a typical MSI imaging experiment, and guidance is provided for downstream QC/SST evaluation.MethodsThe analyte panel will be commercially available and consists of three pairs of unlabeled (NAT) analytes and their stable isotope–labeled (SIL) analogues; a deviation from the standard procedure is also included, which incorporates a polymer to expand m/z coverage. The NAT three‐plex (or four‐plex with the added polymer) is analyzed as a droplet on a slide, and the SIL three‐plex is doped into the electrospray solvent, isolating the NAT and SIL compounds to different source components. Datasets are collected on clean and compromised instruments to inform QC/SST software and later evaluate instrument conditions or isolated metrics of data quality.ResultsA procedure was created for QC/SST analysis on MSI platforms, which can be optionally paired with the freely available software Supervised Learning for Instrument Classification and Evaluation for Mass Spectrometry Imaging (SLICE‐MSI) to classify the condition of the instrument. The SIL data may be monitored separately during imaging experiments for continuous evaluation of electrospray stability. The protocol highlights areas that may be adapted for other ionization sources for widespread use.ConclusionsThe protocol described herein uses a panel of NAT and SIL compounds to offer an objective and accurate determination of QC/SST on MSI platforms.
Support‐Free CdS Films from Electrospun PVP/CdCl2 Composite Fibers: (1) Exposure to Na2S Solution Surface and (2) Gas–Solid Reaction with H2S Gas Followed by Exposure to Water Surface
Authors: García‐Valenzuela Jorge A. , Baez‐Gaxiola Martha R. , Vargas‐Durazo Judas , Quiroz‐Castillo Jesús M. , Castillo‐Ortega María M. , Armenta‐Villegas Lorena , Gutiérrez‐Heredia Gerardo , Medrano Felipe , Corona‐Martínez David O. , Cota‐Leal Marcos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work explores new pathways to obtain CdS semiconductor films capable of covering almost any kind of solid substrate. Water‐soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used to prepare fibers of PVP/CdCl2 and PVP/CdS composite materials, which are later dissolved to obtain support‐free CdS films on an aqueous surface, which can be collected thereafter with the desired substrate. The PVP/CdCl2 fibers were produced by electrospinning, and the subsequent treatments for CdS formation followed two distinct routs: (1) a direct reaction between the electrospun PVP/CdCl2 and a 0.10 M Na2S solution to produce a CdS film on the solution surface, and (2) a gas–solid reaction between PVP/CdCl2 and H2S gas to form PVP/CdS, which is later exposed to distilled water to release the CdS from the PVP matrix. The CdS films produced from PVP/CdCl2 and PVP/CdS treatments were characterized chemically, morphologically, structurally, and optically. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated the successful synthesis of CdS material by means of the two described pathways. According to energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, in both cases the CdS was sulfur deficient and ordered in the hexagonal structure. Energy bandgap values of the CdS films obtained from PVP/CdCl2 and PVP/CdS were 2.38 and 2.39 eV, respectively.
A Self‐Supported Electrode for the Alkaline HER Based on Electrodeposition of Platinum on Metal Fiber Felt
Authors: Ren Biying , Zhang Huan , Jia Xiangkun , Gao JianPing , Xie Jun , Wang Xikui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution is an important topic in the preparation of low‐carbon green hydrogen energy sources. This paper reports an efficient electrocatalytic electrode using platinum on a stainless steel fiber felt (SSF) substrate by the electrodeposition method. The surface of SSF is loaded with electrodeposited Pt nanoparticles, which enhance the electrochemical properties of SSF. The overpotential η10 of the synthesized electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M KOH is just 21 mV, indicating that it has excellent electrocatalytic performance. Long‐time durability tests showed good stability of the synthesized electrode. All these excellent properties indicate that the prepared self‐supported electrodes are promising for a new direction in industrial water electrolysis.
Convenient Preparation of 3,6‐Anhydro Sugars via Intramolecular Cyclization of 6‑O‑Tosyl Pyranosides Promoted by a Catalytic Amount of TBAF
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Fei , Xi Gao‐Lei , Liu Qiang , Cai Li‐Li , Jia Meng‐Zhao , Wang Qing‐Fu , Yang Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract3,6‐Anhydro sugars are one of most common anhydro sugars in bioactive compounds and natural products. Herein, a high‐yielding, mild, and environmentally friendly synthetic approach for 3,6‐anhydro sugars was established via the intramolecular cyclization of 6‐O‐tosyl pyranosides, promoted by a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) and Na2CO3 as a cocatalyst. The advantages include avoidance of protection at the 2,4‐positions, free of strong bases, minimization of excessive TBAF usage, and extensive substrate applicability, contributing to its efficiency and versatility especially for large‐scale preparations.
Single Cell Inference of Cancer Drug Response Using Pathway‐Based Transformer Network
Authors: Yao Yinghao , Xu Yuandong , Zhang Yaru , Gui Yuanyuan , Bai Qingshi , Zhu Zhengbiao , Peng Hui , Zhou Yijun , Chen Zhen Ji , Sun Jie , Su Jianzhong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAccurate prediction of cancer drug responses is crucial for personalized therapy. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) captures cellular heterogeneity and rare resistant populations, offering valuable insights into treatment responses. However, the distinct distributions of bulk RNA‐seq and scRNA‐seq data hinder the transfer of drug response knowledge from large‐scale cell line datasets. To address this, single‐cell Pathway Drug Sensitivity (scPDS) model is developed, a Transformer‐based deep learning method that predicts drug sensitivities from scRNA‐seq data through pathway activation transformation. By integrating bulk RNA‐seq data from extensive cell line datasets, scPDS improves accuracy and computational efficiency in scRNA‐seq analysis. It is demonstrated that scPDS outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in both time and memory consumption. When applied to breast cancer cells treated with bortezomib, scPDS showed that resistance increases initially but diminishes with prolonged exposure. The method also identifies drug‐sensitive populations in bortezomib‐resistant cells and predicts the efficacy of combination therapies, including docetaxel, gemcitabine, and irinotecan. Furthermore, scPDS successfully distinguishes between sensitive and resistant patients, predicting significantly different survival outcomes. In summary, scPDS offers a robust tool for predicting cellular responses, providing insights to optimize cancer treatment strategies.
Epitranscriptome‐Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Translation
Authors: Qadri Syed Wasifa , Shah Nisa Manzoor , Muddashetty Ravi S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEpitranscriptomic modification of RNA is an important layer of regulation for gene expression. RNA modifications come in many flavors and generate a complex tapestry of a regulatory network. Here, we focus on two major RNA modifications, one on rRNA (2′O Methylation) and another on mRNA (N6‐Methyladenosine [m6A]) and their impact on translation. The 2′O methyl group addition on the ribose sugar of rRNA plays a critical role in RNA folding, ribosome assembly, and its interaction with many RNA binding proteins. Differential methylation of these sites contributes to ribosome heterogeneity and generates potential “specialized ribosomes.” Specialized ribosomes are proposed to play a variety of important roles in maintaining pluripotency, lineage specification, and compartmentalized and activity‐mediated translation in neurons. The m6A modification, on the other hand, determines the stability, transport, and translation of subclasses of mRNA. The dynamic nature of m6A owing to the localization and activity of its writers, readers, and erasers makes it a powerful tool for spatiotemporal regulation of translation. While substantial information has accumulated on the nature and abundance of these modifications, their functional consequences are still understudied. In this article, we review the literature constructing the body of our understanding of these two modifications and their outcome on the regulation of translation in general and their impact on the nervous system in particular. We also explore the possibility of how these modifications may collaborate in modulating translation and provoke the thought to integrate the functions of multiple epitranscriptome modifications.
A 3-Scale Haar Wavelet Collocation Method for Numerical Solution of the Nonlinear Gardner Equation
Authors: Bulut Fatih , Oruc Omer , Esen Alaattin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a 3-scale Haar wavelet collocation method was applied to the nonlinear Gardner equation which can be used to describe the large-amplitude inner waves in the ocean. We start the solution process with the time discretization of the Gardner equation, with the help of finite difference method. Then, we have used 3-scale Haar wavelets for the space discretization. These steps gave us a system of algebraic equations, by solving these equations we were able to get wavelet coefficients and used them to construct the numerical solution of the Gardner equation. We applied the proposed method to five different problems to test the accuracy and compared the obtained results with other studies in the literature. The results and comparisons are given in tables and solutions are depicted graphically. The results show that the method proposed in this manuscript is highly accurate even with a low number of collocation points.