bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term efficacy and safety of camrelizumab-based treatment in refractory or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Meng Qingliang , Li Xiaowu , Zhang Youwei , Sun Sanyuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of camrelizumab in combination with apatinib in the treatment of refractory or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 30 patients with refractory or metastatic ESCC treated with camrelizumab in combination with apatinib at a single institution. The short-term efficacy was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. The safety was evaluated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria.

Results:
Among all the 30 patients, the overall response rate and disease control rate were 8/30 (27%) and 19/30 (63%), respectively. Complete response was achieved in 0/30 (0%), partial response in 8/30 (27%), stable disease in 11/30 (36%), and progressive disease in 11/30 (37%). The median progression-free survival was 3.7 (95% confidence interval: 2.48 − 3.88) months and the median overall survival was not reached.

Conclusion:
Our study has shown that camrelizumab in combination with apatinib is a promising therapy for patients with refractory or metastatic ESCC. This combination has a high response rate and favorable clinical safety.
Evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder in cancer patients: A case–control study
Authors: İnci Fatih , İnci Habibe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is known to cause depression in cancer patients and may result in cancer treatment failure.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 202 cancer patients and 322 healthy individuals were included in this cross-sectional, case–control study. Sociodemographic data form and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire (MOCQ) were administered to the participants. The cancer patients’ current MOCQ scores and prediagnosis MOCQ scores, and the MOCQ scores of the control group were compared.

Results:
When the cancer patients and control groups were evaluated according to the MOCQ scales, the cancer patients’ MOCQ-control, MOCQ-doubt, MOCQ-rumination, and MOCQ-total scores were found to be higher compared with the control group (P < 0.001, all). When the cancer patients’ prediagnosis and postdiagnosis MOCQ scores were compared, it was found that their MOCQ-control, MOCQ-cleanliness, MOCQ-doubt, MOCQ-rumination, and MOCQ-total scores after cancer diagnosis were higher than those before cancer diagnosis (P < 0.001, all). In the cancer patients group, it was observed that the MOCQ scores were higher in those who were at the early stage (P = 0.008), women (P < 0.001), unmarried (P = 0.004), highly educated (P = 0.006), unemployed (P = 0.037), and living in a city center (P = 0.023). There was a positive correlation between the cancer stage and the MOCQ-slowness score (P = 0.043). According to the logistic regression analysis, being a woman, having a high education level, living in a city, and having early-stage cancer were found to be the independent predictive factors for the increased MOCQ scores in cancer patients.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the MOCQ scores were higher in the cancer patients compared with those in the control group, and the cancer patients’ MOCQ scores increased after diagnosis. Having an early-stage cancer disease, being a woman, having a high education level, and living in a city center were the predictive factors for the increased MOCQ scores in cancer patients.
A case report and mini literature review of thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer: Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of a rare clinical entity
Authors: Panagiotou Maria Ourania , Lampropoulou Dimitra Ioanna , Pappas Georgia , Laschos Konstantinos , Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros , Aravantinos Gerasimos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The incidence of thyroid metastases among patients suffering from primary colorectal cancer is rare. As these metastases are usually asymptomatic, they present as incidentalomas on follow-up imaging. Hereby, we present and discuss a case of metastatic sigmoid adenocarcinoma to the thyroid gland, diagnosed and treated at our institution.
De novo giant prostatic adenocarcinoma: A rare case report
Authors: Kamala Lakshmi H. , Vasudevan Arun , Kumar Aswin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Giant prostatic adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare scenario with only two cases reported till date. To the best of our knowledge, our patient, a 76-year-old gentleman adds to the literature as the third case of giant prostatic adenocarcinoma and the second largest in volume. In spite of high pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen value, he had a nonmetastatic disease that was treated successfully with radical intent, and it is the highlight of this case. He completed the planned treatment and is clinically well with no progression at 3 years.
Screening for cervical and breast cancer among community health care workers (ASHAs) of Puri district, Odisha
Authors: Rath Satabdi , Oommen Anu Mary , Cherian Anne George 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer and cervical cancer are the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in Indian women. As part of the Indian national guidelines for population-based cancer screening, village-level accredited social health activists (ASHAs) are the key mobilizers for encouraging women to undergo cervical and breast cancer screening. Assessing screening rates in these health workers themselves, can improve implementation of the national program by identifying some of the facilitators and barriers for screening.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among ASHAs in Puri, Odisha, in eight primary health centers (PHCs) randomly selected from 10 blocks. Of all 291 ASHAs in these PHCs, 242 (83.2%) who consented, were given a self-administered questionnaire to assess screening and its associated factors.

Results:
The screening rates for cervical and breast screening in ASHA workers were 9.1% (95% CI: 5.4%–12.8%, 22/242) and 14.9% (95% CI: 10.3%–19.5%, 36/242), respectively. Having undergone screening themselves, was associated with referring others for screening (83.3% of those screened for breast cancer had referred others vs 37.4% of those never screened; 86.4% of those screened for cervical cancer had referred others vs 34.1% of those never screened).

Conclusions:
ASHAs reported low rates of screening for breast and cervical cancer. History of screening significantly influenced the referral of others for screening. ASHAs need to be empowered with both educational exposure as well as motivation for health-promoting activities for themselves, in order to increase population-wide screening coverage.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Versus RAI-WBS and Neck USG in Early Diagnosis of Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Bakshi Jaimanti , Panda Naresh K. , Goyal Atul Kumar , Saini Jyoti , Baral Sovit Jung , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Lal Anupam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) contributes up to 90% of total thyroid malignancies, and due to chances of high recurrence chances, postoperative surveillance is performed by regular clinical follow-ups using routine neck ultrasonography (USG) and radioactive iodine whole-body scan (RAI-WBS).

Objectives:
Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) has emerged as promising techniques for the early detection of many malignancies, and therefore this study aims to analyse the effectiveness of F-18 FDG PET/CT vs. RAI-WBS and neck USG in early diagnosis of recurrence in DTC after thyroidectomy.

Materials and Methods:
For this, a total of 30 patients diagnosed with the DTC were recruited in the study and were followed-up for the assessment of recurrence of the disease. Either F-18 FDG PET/CT or RAI-WBS and neck USG was used as a recurrence assessment tool, and data were compared for the sensitivity and specificity of the tool.

Results:
The recurrence rate was found to be 26.67%. F-18 FDG PET/CT exhibited a significant advantage over RAI-WBS and neck USG for early detection of recurrence of DTC. F-18 FDG PET/CT was found to exhibit good sensitivity and high specificity compared to the RAI-WBS and neck USG for early detection of recurrence of DTC.

Conclusion:
F-18 FDG PET/CT is recommended to be used in those cases which have a high suspicion of DTC recurrence but is marked negative in other imaging techniques.
Patterns of Presentation and Management Outcome of Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ozor Ignatius Ikemefuna , Nkwerem Sunday Patrick , Iroegbu-Emeruem Linda Uloaku , Nkwerem Geraldine Ifechukwu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs where there is a breach in the meninges, especially the dura. Most cases present as otorrhoea and/or rhinorrhoea. Most cases resolve within few days when appropriate conservative measures are instituted. Occasionally, surgical repair is indicated. Different centres have varied experiences with presentations and management. Data from southeastern Nigeria are rare.

Aim:
We present our experience in the management of this condition.

Materials and Methods:
It is a retrospective study carried out in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu. Biodata, presenting symptoms, aetiologies, duration of the leak and treatment of patients managed between 2017 and 2020 were retrieved using data extraction template and analysed with SPSS version 23.

Results:
Fifty patients were involved in the study. The modal age group was the third decade while the mean age was 30 years. More males were involved (M: F ratio of 4:1). The most common aetiological agent was road traffic accidents (30 / 50). The most common presenting symptom was CSF otorrhoea (56%, 28 / 50), while 10% had both rhinorrhoea and otorrhoea. The CSF leak was resolved within seven days in about 80% of cases. Conservative care was enough in 98% of cases managed. No clinical meningitis was recorded.

Conclusion:
Traumatic CSF leak is seen more in active young group with CSF otorrhoea being the most common presentation in our clime. Road traffic accident is the most common cause in our setting. Conservative care was enough in most cases.
Evaluation of Pain Perception in Patients Using Conventional Cartridge-based Versus Local Anesthetic Gun Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Orthodontic Premolar Extraction - A Comparative Split-mouth Study
Authors: Manikandan S. , Raj A. I. , Ponvel Keerthana , Ramanathan Manikandhan , Tangutur Srinisava Prasad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives:
One of the main reasons for patients to postpone most of the dental procedures is the fear of dental injections. Conventional injection technique has no control over the rate of flow of the anesthetic solution and the fluid pressure varies depending on manual force used by the practitioner. Recent advancements have led to various other painless injection systems, one of such is the “Local Anesthetic Gun” (Sunshine USA). Hence, we conducted a study to statistically prove if pain perceived is lesser during injection with a local anesthetic (LA) gun compared to that with conventional injection using cartridge while administering various infiltrations and nerve blocks.

Materials and Methods:
Patients undergoing bilateral therapeutic extraction of premolar teeth were taken up for the study. The teeth to be extracted from the left side (second and third quadrants) were anesthetized by conventional injection technique using cartridges and the teeth to be extracted from the right side (first and fourth quadrants) were anesthetized using LA gun. The procedure is conducted in two separate appointments, with a minimum gap of seven days between each. Patients are asked to rate the pain during injection using a Visual Analog Scale and Verbal Response Scale.

Results:
This study shows that the pain perceived during injection with the anesthetic gun was considerably lesser than perceived with the use of cartridge.

Conclusion:
In our study, it was concluded that the pain perceived during the administration of local anesthesia was significantly lesser with the use of anesthetic gun compared to the conventional cartridge, in patients undergoing therapeutic extraction of premolar teeth, for orthodontic treatment.
Анализ системы управления инвестиционной деятельностью муниципального образования (на материалах муниципального образования Абинский район)
Authors: Осокина Е.М. , Булгаров М.А. 
Published: February 2025

Одним из важнейших в системе экономических показателей для муниципалитета является объем вовлекаемых в экономику инвестиционных ресурсов. Экономическая безопасность территории напрямую связана с объемами реального инвестирования, обновлением основного капитала, оживлением инвестиционной активности, повышением эффективности инвестиционных процессов. Инвестиционные процессы, являющиеся толчком к развитию экономики муниципального образования, к активности хозяйствующих субъектов, во многом определяют ход других экономических процессов.
One of the most important economic indicators for a municipality in the system is the volume of investment resources involved in the economy. The economic security of a territory is directly related to the volume of real investment, renewal of fixed capital, revival of investment activity, and increased efficiency of investment processes. Investment processes, which are the impetus for the development of the economy of a municipality and the activity of economic entities, largely determine the course of other economic processes.
Искусственный интеллект: риски и проблемы внедрения в Российской Федерации
Authors: Горбачева Т.А. 
Published: February 2025

Целью статьи является анализ потенциальных угроз, связанных с применением искусственного интеллекта в финансовом секторе, а также проблемами его внедрения в России. Подчеркивается, что успешное применение искусственного интеллекта дает компаниям конкурентные преимущества в условиях цифровой экономики. Выявлены риски, с которыми сталкиваются финансовые организации при использовании AI, такие как недостаток прозрачности, сложные алгоритмы и предвзятость в обработке данных, а также проблемы с технологиями, нормативными актами и сложностью систем. Кроме того, качество данных, использующихся для обучения искусственного интеллекта, играет ключевую роль. Среди основных проблем на российском рынке выделяются нехватка квалифицированных специалистов, длительные сроки выполнения проектов и трудности с получением необходимых данных. Также российский рынок сталкивается с специфическими вызовами, такими как давление санкций, географические различия и сосредоточение финансовых операций в ограниченных регионах.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the potential threats associated with the use of artificial intelligence in the financial sector, as well as the problems of its implementation in the Russian Federation. The paper emphasizes that the successful application of AI gives companies competitive advantages in the digital economy. The risks faced by financial institutions when using AI, such as lack of transparency, complex algorithms and bias in data processing, as well as problems with technology, regulations and complexity of systems, have been identified. In addition, the quality of the data used for AI training plays a key role. Among the main problems of AI implementation in the Russian market are the lack of qualified specialists, long project deadlines and difficulties in obtaining the necessary data. In addition, the Russian market is facing specific challenges, such as the pressure of sanctions, geographical differences and the concentration of financial transactions in limited regions.
Инновации в сфере информационных технологий
Authors: Пальмов С.В. , Веретина С.Д. , Сацкая А.А. 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматриваются современные инновации в сфере информационных технологий, которые оказывают значительное влияние на бизнес-процессы, общество и повседневную жизнь. Особое внимание уделяется таким ключевым направлениям, как искусственный интеллект, машинное обучение и большие данные, которые трансформируют подходы к анализу информации и принятию решений. Обсуждаются также облачные вычисления и кибербезопасность как важные элементы для обеспечения гибкости и безопасности IT-инфраструктуры. Анализируется роль блокчейна и Интернета вещей в создании новых бизнес-моделей, а также влияние технологий 5G на скорость и качество связи. Акцентируется внимание на цифровой трансформации и автоматизации процессов, которые становятся необходимыми для конкурентоспособности организаций в условиях быстро меняющегося рынка. Подчеркивается важность интеграции инноваций в стратегию развития компаний и предлагает рекомендации по их внедрению для достижения устойчивого роста и эффективности.
The paper examines contemporary innovations in the field of information technology that significantly impact business processes, society, and daily life. It focuses particularly on key areas such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data, which are transforming approaches to information analysis and decision-making. Additionally, the discussion includes cloud computing and cybersecurity as essential elements for ensuring the flexibility and security of IT infrastructure. The role of blockchain and the Internet of Things in creating new business models is analyzed, alongside the influence of 5G technologies on communication speed and quality. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on digital transformation and process automation, which are becoming necessary for organizations to maintain competitiveness in a rapidly changing market. The article underscores the importance of integrating innovations into corporate development strategies and offers recommendations for their implementation to achieve sustainable growth and efficiency.
Модели организации и вопросы эффективности финансирования системы здравоохранения
Authors: Цой А.О. 
Published: February 2025

В статье анализируются модели организации и вопросы эффективности финансирования системы здравоохранения. Отмечается, что в современном мире вопросы финансирования здравоохранения являются актуальными, касаются самой важной сферы жизни общества – здоровья. Рассматриваются три модели финансирования здравоохранения: государственная (модель Бевериджа), страховая (модель Бисмарка) и рыночная (частная медицина). Анализируются идеи, стоящие за организацией финансирования здравоохранения, оценивается их эффективность на примере реализации в развитых странах, в том числе и в России.
The article analyzes organizational models and issues of effectiveness of financing the healthcare system. It is noted that in the modern world, the issues of financing healthcare are relevant, they relate to the most important sphere of society’s life – health. Three models of healthcare financing are considered: public (the Beveridge model), insurance (the Bismarck model) and market-based (private medicine). The ideas behind the organization of healthcare financing are analyzed, and their effectiveness is assessed using the example of implementation in developed countries, including Russia.
Электронные кошельки и будущее платежных систем
Authors: Быканова Н.И. , Блохина Д.О. , Притчина В.В. 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматриваются электронные кошельки как современный инструмент платежных систем. Дается определение электронных кошельков, описываются их основные виды и функции. Анализируются преимущества и недостатки использования. Рассматриваются перспективы развития электронных кошельков и их место в будущем платежных систем с учетом развития системы быстрых платежей (СБП).
The article examines electronic wallets as a modern tool of payment systems. The definition of electronic wallets is given, their main types and functions are described. The advantages and disadvantages of using e-wallets are analyzed. The prospects for the development of electronic wallets and their place in the future of payment systems are considered, taking into account the development of the Fast Payment System (FPS).
Effect of Change in Macroeconomic Variables on Aggregate Private Investment Growth in Kenya
Authors: Mangi Pato , Troon Benedict , Ombok Maurice , Kemboi Gladys 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Aggregate private investment is key in stimulating economic growth and development of a country such as Kenya. However, the sector seems to be influenced by changes in macroeconomic variables. Therefore, the study aimed at determining the effect of change in macroeconomic variables on aggregate private investment growth in Kenya. It focused on the effect of changes in interest, inflation and exchange rates on aggregate private investment growth in Kenya as the key objectives of the study.
Methodology: The study adopted the quantitative causal research design. Secondary data obtained from the World Bank was used, with a time scope of between 1972 and 2023. Data was analyzed through exploratory and inferential analyses via R software. Cointegration analysis was carried out through the Johansen test and both the Maximum Eigenvalue and Trace tests indicated the absence of cointegration relationships since the test statistic values were less than the critical values at ∝ = 0.05. Thus, ARDL estimation technique was adopted.
Findings: The study’s findings indicated that change in interest rate had a statistically significant negative effect on aggregate private investment growth in Kenya (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, the study revealed that such effect wasn’t instant but was translated after three years. The study further found that change in inflation rate had a statistically significant positive effect on Kenya’s aggregate private investment growth (P-value < 0.05). Likewise, such effect was felt on aggregate private investment after eight years. Finally, the study showed that change in exchange rate did not have any significant effect on aggregate private investment growth in Kenya (P-value > 0.05).
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends the need to manage the changes in macroeconomic variables including inflation and interest rates within their target range as prescribed by the “monetary policy” so as to ensure macroeconomic stability and boost aggregate private investment growth in Kenya.