bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leistungsbereiche für qualitätsabhängige Zu- und Abschläge in der stationären Versorgung: mögliche Auswahlkriterien und deren Anwendung
Authors: Stausberg Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Mit dem Krankenhausstrukturgesetz wurde 2015 eine Vergütung mit qualitätsabhängigen Zu- und Abschlägen eingeführt. U. a. waren hierfür Leistungen und Leistungsbereiche auszuwählen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Kriterien für diese Auswahl zu definieren und anzuwenden.
Methodik Drei Kriterien wurden in Bezug auf die Qualitätsmessung definiert, 2 Kriterien in Bezug auf das organisatorische Setting im Krankenhaus. Die Erfüllung der Kriterien wurde für 74 Leistungsbereiche unter Nutzung von Informationen zu 684 Qualitätsindikatoren und über eine Befragung von 16 Experten geprüft.
Ergebnisse 269 Indikatoren erfüllten das Kriterium einer Abbildung der Prozessqualität, 372 das Kriterium einer belegten Güte. In Kombination verblieben 64 Indikatoren aus 19 Leistungsbereichen. Die Bewertung durch die Experten ergab einen hohen Anteil von Leistungsbereichen ohne negative Seiteneffekte. Vermehrt wurde jedoch eine Überschneidung der Abläufe von organisatorischen Bereichen gesehen. Unter Kombination aller 5 Kriterien verblieben 5 der 74 Leistungsbereiche.
Schlussfolgerung Der geringe Anteil von geeigneten Leistungsbereichen war insbesondere durch unzureichende Instrumente zur Qualitätsmessung bedingt. Die Bewertung durch Experten deutete hingegen auf eine Offenheit gegenüber diesem Ansatz eines Pay-for-Performance hin. Die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie sowie kardiologische Versorgungssituationen bieten sich dafür an. Vorgehen und Ergebnisse können auch als Vorlage für die Ausgestaltung anderer Formen qualitätsbezogener Regelungen dienen.
Low energy availability in female athletes: From the lab to the field
Authors: Heikura Ida A. , Stellingwerff Trent , Areta Jose L. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTDecades of laboratory research have shown impairments to several body systems after only 4–5 days of strictly controlled consistent low energy availability (LEA); where energy availability (EA) = Energy Intake (EI) − Exercise Energy Expenditure (EEE)/Fat‐Free Mass. Meanwhile, cross‐sectional reports exist on the interrelatedness of LEA, menstrual dysfunction and impaired bone health in females (the Female Athlete Triad). These findings have demonstrated that LEA is the key underpinning factor behind a broader set of health and performance outcomes, recently termed as Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED‐S). There is utmost importance of early screening and diagnosis of RED‐S to avoid the development of severe negative health and performance outcomes. However, a significant gap exists between short‐term laboratory studies and cross‐sectional reports, or clinically field‐based situations, of long‐term/chronic LEA and no definitive, validated diagnostic tests for RED‐S exist. This review aims to highlight methodological challenges related to the assessment of the components of EA equation in the field (e.g. challenges with EI and EEE measures). Due to the uncertainty of these parameters, we propose the use of more chronic “objective” markers of LEA (i.e. blood markers). However, we note that direct extrapolations of laboratory‐based outcomes into the field are likely to be problematic due to potentially poor ecological validity and the extreme variability in most athlete's daily EI and EEE. Therefore, we provide a critical appraisal of the scientific literature, highlighting research gaps, and a potential set of leading objective RED‐S markers while working in the field.HighlightsDirect application of short‐term laboratory‐based findings in the field is problematic.Calculation of energy availability (EA) in the field is methodologically challenging and prone to errors.The use of several biomarkers may allow the detection of early exposure to low EA in the female athlete.
High on–off current ratio titanium oxynitride write-once-read-many-times memory
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chieh , Jhang Wun-Ciang , Chien Yu-Sheng , Cheng Chao-Wen , Joodaki Mojtaba 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this letter, we demonstrate a titanium oxynitride (TiO
x
N
y
) write-once-read-many-times memory with a high ON/OFF current ratio of 109. The endurance and read-disturb tests both reveal high stability and data nonvolatility of the TiO
x
N
y
resistive memory. A Ti metal layer was transformed into TiO
x
N
y
using an annealing process in a nitrogen ambient. The XPS analysis shows that the TiO
x
N
y
resistive switching (RS) layer possesses few Ti interstitial defects and oxygen deficiencies. A voltage-polarity dependent set process is observed in the Ag/TiO
x
N
y
/Ti/n+-Si resistive memory. The residual Ti metal layer provides a good contact with the TiO
x
N
y
RS layer, and the electrons can transport from the Ti to the Ag electrode via tunneling processes. In the low voltage region, the conduction current is dominated by the direct tunneling mechanism. When the voltage is beyond a transition voltage of 1.25 V, the carrier transport mechanism changes to Fowler–Nordheim tunneling. The conduction mechanisms are consistent with the finding obtained by the energy band diagram analysis.
Dispersion relations in κ-noncommutative cosmology
Authors: Aschieri Paolo , Borowiec Andrzej , Pachoł Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study noncommutative deformations of the wave
equation in curved backgrounds and discuss the modification of the
dispersion relations due to noncommutativity combined with
curvature of spacetime. Our noncommutative differential geometry approach is based on Drinfeld twist
deformation, and can be implemented for any twist and any curved
background. We discuss in detail the Jordanian twist — giving
κ-Minkowski spacetime in flat space — in the presence of a
Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological background.

We obtain a new expression for the variation of the speed of light, depending linearly on
the ratio E
ph/E
LV (photon energy/Lorentz violation scale),
but also linearly on the cosmological time, the Hubble parameter and
inversely proportional to the scale factor.
Dark matter, destroyer of worlds: neutrino, thermal, and existential signatures from black holes in the Sun and Earth
Authors: Acevedo Javier F. , Bramante Joseph , Goodman Alan , Kopp Joachim , Opferkuch Toby 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dark matter can be captured by celestial objects and accumulate at their centers, forming a core of dark matter that can collapse to a small black hole, provided that the annihilation rate is small or zero. If the nascent black hole is big enough, it will grow to consume the star or planet. We calculate the rate of dark matter accumulation in the Sun and Earth, and use their continued existence to place novel constraints on high mass asymmetric dark matter interactions. We also identify and detail less destructive signatures: a newly-formed black hole can be small enough to evaporate via Hawking radiation, resulting in an anomalous heat flow emanating from Earth, or in a flux of high-energy neutrinos from the Sun observable at IceCube. The latter signature is entirely new, and we find that it may cover large regions of parameter space that are not probed by any other method.
AI based Computation for Hybrid Precoding/Combining in Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Nazeerunnisa  , Tatineni Madhavi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) have emerged as a potential leading technology for the 5G cellular systems due to the enormous availability of high radio-frequency spectrum, which can deliver extreme data speed and enhance spectral efficiency (SE). An economical architecture of hybrid precoder (HP) is widely used in mm-Wave massive MIMO systems (mm-WmM) to recompense for the severe propagation loss of the mm-Waves. This paper examines the design of the hybrid precoder and combiner (HPC) in mm-WmM by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) based optimization algorithm. AI is going to be a key component to enhance the performance of 5G wireless communications and beyond. The emerging AI based computation using Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization technique (HPSO) is proposed to design a HPC to maximize the SE in mm-Wave massive MIMO systems.
Results obtained from simulations demonstrate the improved performance of the HPSO algorithm in contrast to the existing algorithms and can accomplish close to the optimal performance.
Structure and electrochemical behaviour of composite Pb-nano ZnO in sulfuric acid solution for different temperature
Authors: Budiamin M E C , Soegijono B , Darma S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lead is one of the important materials used as an electrode for batter application. With a good performance at the lowest price possible, using lead as an active material for lead-acid battery still high even though the fact that lead waste is very dangerous for the environment. Lead must be optimized to reduce lead waste with adding new material to the lead for the electrode. For this research lead and nano zinc oxide became a composite Pb-Nano ZnO and this composite tested into sulfuric acid solution with various solution temperature 10°C, 25°C, and 40°C. The structure and electrochemical behaviour were analysed with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Potentiostat (LSV and CV) respectively. Detected phase from the spectrum shows lead phase with cubic FCC crystal structure. Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic Voltammetry test used to see is the composite can be used as an electrode for a battery and is the performance different than lead electrode. The result shows that the composite is electrochemically reversible and corrosion rate decrease when nano ZnO added with lowest corrosion rate 0.011852 mm/year in ZnO 20% wt composition on temperature variation 10°C.
A didactic experiment to evaluate the calibration of pressure gauges in low-medium vacuum range
Authors: Rodrigues Filho B A , Fagundes L M F , Medina N H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study shows a didactic experiment, carried out in the Physics Institute of the University of São Paulo, evaluating the differences among measurements of four distinct pressure gauges (Pirani, thermocouple, and two thermistors), when compared to a McLeod standard gauge, in low-medium vacuum, ranging from 100 Pa to 101 Pa. The experiment aims to evaluate the measurement differences between four distinct pressure gauges and a standard. The results show that all tested gauges presented different results, demonstrating that calibration is necessary in order to have a full understanding of the measurement results of the tested pressure gauges.
Nanotechnology measurements of the Young’s modulus of polymeric materials
Authors: Caicedo J D , Pandoli O G , Hernandez J D , Frota M N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Making use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) —known as the state-of-the-art technology for handling matter on an atomic and molecular scale—, this paper describes the use of a nanotechnology technique for characterizing properties of polymeric materials. AFM measurement on two materials (polyamide and polystyrene) allowed to compare the performance of two distinct multi-asperity adhesion models based on the JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Robert) and DMT (Derajaguin-Muller-Toporov) theories, when assessing the Young’s Modulus (modulus of elasticity) of the investigated materials. Experimental results confirm that the JKR model processed through a MatLab algorithm produces more reliable results of the Young’s Modulus than the DMT model built-in in the AFM software.
Standardization and regulation barriers to innovation faced by architectural and engineering services companies in Brazil
Authors: Sousa Manuel Calçada de , Almeida Maria Fatima Ludovico de 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present work aims to analyze problems and obstacles to innovation faced by architectural and engineering services companies in Brazil, focusing on standardization and regulation issues. We have drawn the data from the National Innovation Survey 2014 (Pintec 2014) to answer how the companies in this sector perceive the importance of problems and obstacles throughout their cycles of innovation concerning difficulties of meeting government regulations, legal or voluntary standards requirements, and accessing specialized technical/technological services. The respondent companies were asked to inform their perceptions of the importance of the barriers that they face to innovate in a three-point response scale (high, medium, and low importance or not relevant).
Luminescent emission spectrometer adapted to a TL/OSL reader for analysis of aluminum oxide detectors
Authors: Garcia Helena Cristina de Matos , Pacheco Daniel de Castro , Meira-Belo Luiz Cláudio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thermoluminescent readings are widely used in radiation dosimetry to measure absorbed doses. The signal emitted by thermoluminescent detectors is due to defects in the crystal structure and their emission usually occurs in some specific wavelength ranges. The difficulty in studying the emission spectrum is that, in general, photomultiplier tubes do not discriminate wavelengths and therefore only provide intensity information. The objective of this work was to adapt a RISØ TL/OSL reader to operate as a luminescence emission spectrometer, allowing to select the wavelength to be analyzed before the acquisition of luminescent readings. A monochromator driven by a stepper motor connected to an Arduino module responsible for controlling wavelength adjustments during readings was used. The equipment added spectral resolution to the conventional reader, allowing the determination of the response surface as a function of temperature, wavelength and light emission intensity for the studied detectors.
Measurement and evaluation of intangible assets of diagnosis and testing laboratories for electrical equipments
Authors: de Sá Arnoldo Furtado , Almeida Maria Fatima Ludovico de , Barbosa Carlos Roberto Hall 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in measuring and evaluating intangible assets, not only by private firms but also by knowledge organizations such as universities, research centers, and testing laboratories. This paper aims to present a model for measuring and evaluating intangible assets developed for electrical equipment diagnosis and testing laboratories. For the proposal and selection of indicators and metrics that integrate the model, multicriteria decision support methods were embedded into the model, combined with fuzzy logic. The applicability of the model has been demonstrated through an empirical study in one electrical equipment diagnosis and testing laboratory that integrates the Laboratory Network of Eletrobras Enterprises (Relase) in Brazil. The results of this research can be replicated within Relase, which covers today a total of 98 laboratories, of which 16 are accredited for calibration services.
Measurement of the yaw moment of inertia of a go-kart
Authors: Sandroni Cristiano , Neto Mauro Speranza , Barbosa Carlos Roberto Hall , Oliveira Elcio Cruz de 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A computational model of the dynamic behaviour of a go-kart has been implemented as the first step in the development of an electrical vehicle advanced control system and the lateral dynamics model needed its yaw moment of inertia as input value. Therefore, this study presents experimental measurements of the yaw moment of inertia of a recreational go-kart using two similar methodologies: the ‘three cables’ (trifilar) swinging torsion pendulum and the ‘four cables’ (quadrifilar) swinging torsion pendulum. Parallel to the experimental tests carried out, yaw moment of inertia calculation was done by the traditional methodology of mechanical engineering. Also, the measurement uncertainty was calculated for each method. The trifilar method presented, in this test, the lowest measurement uncertainty.
Measuring inner diameter of capillary tubes
Authors: Fernandes C , Almeida A , Wolf F G , Porath M C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The dimensional characterization of capillary tubes is a recurring issue in microfluidic applications, since they are often used to connect microfluidic devices to injection and monitoring systems. In this work three experimental methods were applied and discussed for measuring the inner diameter of thin tubes, allowing the comparison and determination of the most accurate procedure, taking into account the application and involved measurement uncertainty. The methods analysed are based on (i) sizing by stereo microscope software, (ii) image analysis (binarization) and (iii) internal fluid mass. The results show that the three methods applied can provide accurate values, but the best choice in terms of simplicity and efficiency is that one based on image analysis.
Performance evaluation of linear peristaltic volumetric infusion pump using a flow analyzer
Authors: Silva Marco Tullio Alves , Arencibia Rosenda Valdés , Oliveira Ingrid Wutke , Gonçalves Verônica de Lima , Milagre Selma Terezinha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper aims at validating the conformity of linear peristaltic volumetric infusion pump (LPVIP) using as reference a flow analyzer, model IN-300. The IN-300 model has an operating range of 1 ml/h at 1000 ml/h and a resolution of 0.1 ml/h. The standard IEC 60601-2-24 determines that an electronic balance with a resolution of 0.0001 g should be used during pump calibration. Therefore, the technical implementation of a flow analyzer for calibration and periodic verification of LPVIP at Hospital was evaluated. Tests were performed considering tem LPVIP and three values of infusion rates (25 ml/h, 50 ml/h and 100 ml/h). Several metrological parameters were evaluated (bias, repeatability, uncertainty and maximum error). The measurement uncertainty was assessed according to the recommendations of the JCGM 100. The technical viability of the flow analyzer use for calibration and periodic verification of LPVIP was demonstrated. The obtained results showed that only 20 % of the evaluated infusion pumps exhibited maximum errors within the manufacturer criterion for the three evaluated flow rates.
Smart Lab: an application of Industry 4.0 design principles to calibration laboratories
Authors: Geronymo Gean Marcos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The integration of the Internet of Things and Cyber Physical Systems, in the context of Industry 4.0, leads to the Smart Factory concept. In this paper we propose the extension of this concept to calibration laboratories: the Smart Lab. We present the four design principles of Industry 4.0 and show how they can be applied to the context of calibration laboratories. Finally, the development of an environmental conditions monitoring system based on the Industry 4.0 principles is presented as a case study.
Comparison between three weighing methods for source preparation in radionuclide metrology
Authors: Cacais F L , Delgado J U , Loayza V M , Rangel J A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In radionuclide metrology three weighing methods could be used for source preparation. The Pycnometer, Elimination and Modified Elimination methods should be compared to evaluate the compatibility in the deposited mass results, so increasing their reliability. In this work, a sequence of micro drop deposition weighing is presented which allows comparing the results by the same drop deposition. The results from each method were determined and their compatibility was checked. As a result, the three methods based on carefully weighing were found compatible and comply with the required threshold uncertainty. Furthermore, it was confirmed the results are traceable to mass the mass unit.
Computational modelling of cervix radiation procedure using a virtual anthropomorphic phantom and the MCNPX code
Authors: Santos William S. , Neves Lucio P. , Perini Ana P. , Santos Carla J. , Belinato Walmir , Silva Rogerio M. V. , Soares Maria R. , Valeriano Caio C. , Caldas Linda V. E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is a serious, and growing concern about the increased risk of the emergence of a secondary cancer, radio-induced, associated with radiotherapy treatments. To assess the radiation doses to organs outside the target volume, in this work, several computational exposure scenarios were modelled, based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCNPX code). A Varian 2100c accelerator, and a female virtual anthropomorphic phantom were used, in a simulated treatment of cervical cancer. The determination of the dispersed dose would be important for assessing the risk in different organs or tissues. Four treatment fields were applied, varying the gantry angle. It was possible to observe that the conversion factors for equivalent dose were higher for the AP projection. For the RLAT and LLAT projections, the results were similar, fact that may be attributed to the symmetrical distributions of the organs in relation to the radiation source. The results presented in this work showed that the computational exposure scenario provides a versatile and accurate tool to estimate in a ready way the absorbed doses during a cervical treatment.
Hacking Ion 2018 – knowledge management to develop entrepreneurship in the field of ionizing radiation metrology
Authors: Razuck FB , Perrotta PR , Peixoto JGP 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hacking Ion 2018 was the first scientific marathon (Hackathon) in the area of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (IRM) in Brazil and Latin America. The event took place during the 2018 IRM Congress, on the campus of the Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (IRD), and was aimed at stimulating entrepreneurship among students of the IRD Graduate Program, based on generating technologies in order to present solutions for the development of research in the area of IRM. The event was attended by 16 students, divided into 4 teams, with a time limit of 48 hours to think and develop solutions based on the proposed themes. At the end of the third day, they presented their projects to a judging panel and to the participants in the Congress. Throughout the process, the students were guided by a representative of the Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE), who initially offered a lecture and a startup preparation workshop. The winning project was the School in Glasses team, which developed a distance learning platform that uses virtual and augmented reality in the area of radioprotection. It is understood that this event serves as a stimulus for students to develop ideas in their respective areas of research, so that new work tools can arise in the aid of Knowledge Management in IRM.
Monte Carlo simulation of the MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) relative response in function of the photon energy
Authors: Cardoso G P , Lacerda M A S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We performed MCNPX simulations and experimental measurements to determine the relative energy response of MTS-N detectors. The energy spectra simulated were monoenergetic beams (from 20 keV to 250 keV), X-rays beams (N and RQR), 137Cs and 60Co gamma radiation. Experimental measurements were made with groups of MTS-N detectors irradiated with standardized 137Cs gamma radiation beams and continuous X-ray beams (N and RQR quality). Relative intrinsic efficiencies were calculated combining the MCNPX simulations and experimental measurements. Our results showed a good agreement with other studies using LiF detectors and the same radiation qualities.