bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery calcification on low-dose chest CT is an early predictor of severe progression of COVID-19—A multi-center, multi-vendor study
Authors: Fervers Philipp , Kottlors Jonathan , Große Hokamp Nils , Bremm Johannes , Maintz David , Tritt Stephanie , Safarov Orkhan , Persigehl Thorsten , Vollmar Nils , Bansmann Paul Martin , Abdullayev Nuran 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Cardiovascular comorbidity anticipates severe progression of COVID-19 and becomes evident by coronary artery calcification (CAC) on low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT). The purpose of this study was to predict a patient’s obligation of intensive care treatment by evaluating the coronary calcium burden on the initial diagnostic LDCT.

Methods
Eighty-nine consecutive patients with parallel LDCT and positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were included from three centers. The primary endpoint was admission to ICU, tracheal intubation, or death in the 22-day follow-up period. CAC burden was represented by the Agatston score. Multivariate logistic regression was modeled for prediction of the primary endpoint by the independent variables “Agatston score > 0”, as well as the CT lung involvement score, patient sex, age, clinical predictors of severe COVID-19 progression (history of hypertension, diabetes, prior cardiovascular event, active smoking, or hyperlipidemia), and laboratory parameters (creatinine, C-reactive protein, leucocyte, as well as thrombocyte counts, relative lymphocyte count, d-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase levels).

Results
After excluding multicollinearity, “Agatston score >0” was an independent regressor within multivariate analysis for prediction of the primary endpoint (p<0.01). Further independent regressors were creatinine (p = 0.02) and leucocyte count (p = 0.04). The Agatston score was significantly higher for COVID-19 cases which completed the primary endpoint (64.2 [interquartile range 1.7–409.4] vs. 0 [interquartile range 0–0]).

Conclusion
CAC scoring on LDCT might help to predict future obligation of intensive care treatment at the day of patient admission to the hospital.
Challenges and Threats to the Debt Security of Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Chentukov Yurii , Marena Tetyana , Zakharova Olha 
Published: July 2021

The study aims to identify the debt security weaknesses in the CEE countries and determine challenges and threats to the debt security of national economies and the CEE region. To achieve this goal, general and specific research methods have been used, including historical and logical methods, analysis and synthesis, structural and functional analysis, generalization and abstraction, a systematic approach, classification, and statistical methods.
It is found out that the situation with debt security in the CEE region is quite controversial. The average external debt indicators of the CEE countries are in the unsafe zone, while the average solvency is at a relatively safe level. The analysis of external indebtedness and solvency indicators shows that the CEE group is highly heterogeneous regarding the level of countries’ debt security.
Despite some improvement in the debt security of CEE economies during 2017–2019, the prospects for the development of the debt situation are rather vague. It is due to the growing impact of external challenges and threats to the debt security of the region, including the deterioration of the global economic environment and global recession, increase in credit risks and contraction in the international lending, global economic and political imbalances, and policy divergence, growing government spending on solving problems caused by the COVID-19 and corresponding pressure on public budgets, the general growth of global debt. Given the high heterogeneity of CEE countries in terms of current debt security, the manifestation of global challenges in each national economy can be rather diverse.
Tripchlorolide attenuates β-amyloid generation by inducing NEP activity in N2a/APP695 cells
Authors: Zeng Yuqi , Li Yongkun , Shen Hui , Lin Nan , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and purpose
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegeneration disease. The previous work from our research group demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of tripchlorolide (T4) in AD animal models.

Materials and methods
Neprilysin (NEP) is known as an important physiological amyloid-β protein (Aβ) peptide-degrading enzyme in the brain due to its apparent rate-limiting function. In this study, we explored the effect of NEP on AD model N2a/APP695 cells. Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to assess the expression of proteins, while quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to evaluate RNA levels. Cell vitality was detected by the MTT assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using a ROS activity assay kit.

Results
We discovered that T4 was able to enhance the enzyme activity of NEP. T4 administration decreased the protein levels of the soluble amyloid precursor protein. In further experiments, we found that by using thiorphan the secretion of Aβ, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammatory factors, which were suppressed by T4, were reversed. Due to its ability to attenuate Aβ generation and to protect neurons against the neurotoxicity of Aβ, T4 may be a potential therapy in the regulation of Aβ-related pathology in AD by affecting NEP activity.

Conclusion
Tripchlorolide attenuates Aβ generation by inducing NEP activity in N2a/APP695 cells.
Evidence of impaired bone quality in men with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Syversen Unni , Mosti Mats Peder , Mynarek Ida Maria , Vedal Trude Seselie Jahr , Aasarød Kristin , Basso Trude , Reseland Janne E , Thorsby Per Medbøe , Asvold Bjorn O , Eriksen Erik Fink , Stunes Astrid Kamilla 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with substantial fracture risk. Bone mineral density (BMD) is, however, only modestly reduced, suggesting impaired bone microarchitecture and/or bone material properties. Yet, the skeletal abnormalities have not been uncovered. Men with T1D seem to experience a more pronounced bone loss than their female counterparts. Hence, we aimed to examine different aspects of bone quality in men with T1D.

Design and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, men with T1D and healthy male controls were enrolled. BMD (femoral neck, total hip, lumbar spine, whole body) and spine trabecular bone score (TBS) were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and bone material strength index (BMSi) was measured by in vivo impact microindentation. HbA1c and bone turnover markers were analyzed.

Results
Altogether, 33 men with T1D (43 ± 12 years) and 28 healthy male controls (42 ± 12 years) were included. Subjects with T1D exhibited lower whole-body BMD than controls (P = 0.04). TBS and BMSi were attenuated in men with T1D vs controls (P = 0.016 and P = 0.004, respectively), and T1D subjects also had a lower bone turnover. The bone parameters did not differ between subjects with or without diabetic complications. Duration of disease correlated negatively with femoral neck BMD but not with TBS or BMSi.

Conclusions
This study revealed compromised bone material strength and microarchitecture in men with T1D. Moreover, our data confirm previous studies which found a modest decrease in BMD and low bone turnover in subjects with T1D. Accordingly, bone should be recognized as a target of diabetic complications.
LC-MS/MS monitoring for explosives residues and OGSR with diverse ionization temperatures in soil & hands: 30 minutes for extraction + elution
Authors: Şener Harun , Anilanmert Beril , Mavis Murat Emrah , Gursu Gokce Goksu , Cengiz Salih 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A fast LC-APCI-MS/MS screening/confirmation method was developed and validated for trace analyses of 18 analytes which are explosives and organic gun shot residues including the challenging ones with diverse ionization conditions, in soil and on hands. (+) and (−) ionization modes were used after a single-step, low-volume solvent extraction procedure developed using methanol. Tape-lifting, stub, alcohol wipes, cotton bud were compared for collecting the residues from hands of a shooter. Tape-lifting and stub gave the highest recoveries and tape-lifting was chosen. Gradient elution system using ammonium chloride:methanol was developed. Whole procedure lasted approximately 30 min, was validated in both matrices, applied to real samples as post-blast residues, smokeless powder and the hands of a shooter, after shooting. Most of the recoveries were >80% and since all the precisions were <15%, quantitation was possible for all. Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values were: 0.2–54.1 and 0.3–190.0 ngg−1 in soil, and 0.2–132.3 and 1.1–355.0 ngg−1 in tape-lift.
Laboratory stand with wireless interface for investigation of automatic control systems of dc electric drives
Authors: Kulynych Е.М. , Nazarova O.S. , Goncharov D.V. , Chernyshev S.G. , Piskun V.V. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Development of a laboratory stand with a wireless interface for the study and research of automatic control systems for DC electric drives.
Methodology. Physical experiment on the developed laboratory bench, computer modelling, calculation and analytical methods.
Findings. The study considered and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing developments of laboratory stands with virtual and remote components, the possibility of organizing a wireless interface, taking into account cost-effectiveness, mobility, reliability and simplicity, as well as the possibility of using as a training stand. The connection of the stand by means of USB and Wi-Fi is developed. The STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is used for the power switch and the automatic control system. The interface part consists of a NodeMCU board, a MicroSD card module, an interface control unit, a 16x2 LCD and an I2C converter. The UART-USB interface is used for information transfer and programming of the stand. The possibility of current remote transmission of information about the modes and parameters of the engine to a computer with a browser output by installing the Wi-Fi module ESP8266MOD. A closed system of automatic DC motor control with PID current regulators and EMF has been developed. Experiments were performed with a pulse and smooth increase in motor speed and variation of the components of the PID controllers using the control panel of the laboratory stand. All graphs of the results of the experiment were obtained on a web page with a fixed IP address in the browser via Wi-Fi.
Originality. The structure of the remote monitoring and control system based on hardware and software combination of telecommunication and measuring systems is proposed and developed, which differs from the existing ones by the presence of current wireless transmission of information, which allows to remotely receive research data of automatic DC motor control systems.
Practical value. The developed laboratory stand with the wireless interface allows to receive and store experimental data on parameters of the investigated engine in real time remotely.
Approaches to improve the accuracy of measurement of human body temperature by contactless IR thermometers
Authors: Furmanova N.I. , Farafonov O.Yu. , Malyi O.Yu. , Pirozhenko О.О. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: analyze existing approaches to measuring human body temperature, propose approaches to improve measurement accuracy.
Methodology. analytical, experimental.
Findings. The article considers approaches to improving the accuracy of measuring body temperature with non-contact infrared thermometers. The parameters of infrared temperature meters are analyzed. The composition of the system for collecting statistical information on the influence of environmental factors on the accuracy of measurements is proposed. Research software is offered. Measurement statistics are given. Ways to increase the accuracy of measurements with non-contact infrared thermometers are indicated. Mathematical and physical support of non-contact temperature measurement is offered, the analysis of parameters of infrared body temperature meters is carried out, the system for receiving the statistical information for revealing of factors of influence is developed, the analysis of results is carried out.
Originality. An updated formula for determining body temperature is proposed, which contains the following parameters: specific constant for a particular device, which depends on the optical focusing system and the absorbing material; the degree of radiation of the object, which depends on the material of the object whose temperature is measured; the absolute temperature of the object being measured; absolute ambient temperature; reflected radiation from the environment; absolute temperature of the pyrometer sensor housing..
Practical value. The paper offers recommendations that can significantly increase the accuracy of measurements in the design of systems containing infrared thermometers.
The hanuju of writing each other in Aotearoa during COVID-19 and the coexisting event(s) of the BLM (Black Lives Matter) movement
Authors: Taito Mere 
Published: July 2021

Every poem has a creation talanoa: a story of how it was written. In a Rotuman context, ‘talanoa’ or story, can either be a ‘rogrog/o’ or ‘hanuju’. From conception to final drafting, the creation hanuju can reveal the often-volatile relationship between a poet’s internal self-talk and external historical and contemporary experiences. Memories (shaped by external experiences) will feed mulling, reliving, and reimagination (internal self-talk) and can consequently and impulsively set off the content, tone, form, and literary techniques of a poem into unanticipated directions. It is not uncommon for a poet to step away from a stanza and reflexively ask, ‘How did I get here?!’ Other external factors of poetic crafting are the social and political climate of the time of writing, the purpose and specifications of a commissioned task, and research. Research is necessary if a poem insists on wandering into ragged and unfamiliar territory. Of all these factors, current socio-political climate is perhaps the most influential in mobilising communities and individuals to engage in creative thinking and writing.
This article is a one-way (because as a reader, you are not in the position to interrupt me) hanuju of my creative process of writing the poem Writing each other during COVID-19 and the concurrent event(s) of the BLM movement. This hanuju critically discusses the themes of remember-ing obedience, mov-ing over in honour of disobedience, and conced-ing power that emerged as a vison for unity and kotahitanga. In essence, this hanuju is largely a story of disobedience: a celebration of my mapiga (grandmother) Lilly’s gift of Rotuman language storytelling and the centring of the Rotuman language in a poem written for a predominantly mixed audience in the Waikato region of Aotearoa.
Una mirada a la sociedad de la transparencia en Latinoamérica
Authors: Medranda-Morales Narcisa Jessenia , Palacios-Mieles Victoria Dalila 
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación busca analizar desde un punto de vista crítico, la efectividad de la legislación sobre transparencia y acceso a la información, para la profundización democrática de las sociedades modernas, en el contexto de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación. Para ello, se aplica una metodología de carácter analítico e interpretativo. Uno de los resultados más destacados en este estudio es el comportamiento de los ciudadanos y ciudadanas que integran esas sociedades, en relación con el uso o desuso de los mecanismos que las legislaciones sobre transparencia ponen a su alcance.
En este sentido, la principal conclusión es que, aun cuando las leyes de transparencia mantienen altos estándares de calidad en Latinoamérica, el ciudadano común no ha desarrollado un interés genuino en la participación activa como destinatario de dicha legislación, ni alcanza a comprenderla como elemento democrático fundamental.
Model of the object of temperature control by electrostimulating action parameters
Authors: Kuznetsov V. A. , Kuznetsova E. S. , Gromov V. E. 
Published: July 2021

Technologies for pressure treatment of metal workpieces using powerful current pulses are becoming increasingly widespread both in Russia and abroad. Unique electromechanical processes are studied and improved in laboratory and production conditions. The process of applying an  electric current to the workpiece is accompanied by a change in its physical properties as a result of the so-called electroplastic effect (EPE). At   the same time, the temperature of the workpiece in the deformation zone increases. For high-quality and reliable operation of the drawing mill with electrostimulated drawing (ESW), it is necessary to use an automatic system for regulating the force and temperature. In order to implement the temperature control circuit, it is necessary to synthesize the transfer function of the control object – steel wire processed by pressure (rolling or drawing). Synthesis and analysis of parameters of the model of temperature control object are considered. The known relations are used: dependence of the pulse generator power on the calculated parameters (initial temperature, diameter, specific weight and electrical resistance of the workpiece, pulse duration); dependence of  the RMS current of the generator on the amplitude and frequency of pulse reproduction; dependence of the magnetic permeability of the workpiece on its temperature; and dependence of the specific electrical resistance of the conductor material on temperature. In MATLAB – Simulink medium, a model of the temperature control object is synthesized as a function of the parameters of generator of high-power current pulses (amplitude and frequency), as well as the parameters of the workpiece to be processed (diameter, sample length, linear velocity, initial temperature, and resistivity at the initial temperature). The model is analyzed, and transients under different operating modes are presented. Using the developed model, the dependences of the temperature, power, and equivalent resistance on parameters of the generator and the workpiece are obtained for different generator pulse frequencies and workpiece diameters. The developed model can be used for laboratory studies of the electroplastic effect, as well as in production in auto-control systems with electrostimulated drawing in order to implement the object of regulation in the form of a model.
Injury prevention knowledge, beliefs, and practices among women’s football teams in South Africa
Authors: Bakare Ummukulthoum , Olivier Benita , Brandt Corlia , Goldwana Lonwabo 
Published: July 2021

Background: Numerous factors account for injury prevention or lack thereof in any team setting. With the increasing burden of injuries in women’s football, and limited human resources accessible in sub-Saharan Africa, it is important to investigate the ways in which standardised injury prevention practices can be achieved.
Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate injury prevention knowledge, beliefs, and practices in women’s football teams in the University Sport South Africa (USSA) Football League in Gauteng Province, South Africa.
Methods: A cross-sectional self-administered survey was conducted among women’s football teams registered to participate in the USSA Football League in South Africa’s Gauteng Province.
Results: A total of 107 respondents participated in the study, which included both players (n=98; 92%) and their support staff (n=9; 9%). The median (interquartile range) age of the participants was 22 (20-25) years. In the population sampled, 36% of the participants perceived that they had adequate knowledge of injury prevention practices in football, while others felt they had limited knowledge of the basic injury prevention programmes (IPPs). The results also indicated that the injury prevention practices of coaches (93%) and their beliefs in this regard (70%) are sufficient for achieving the basic injury prevention goals. Most of the respondents (89%) indicated that a medical support system is important in attaining the goals of injury prevention.
Conclusion: Members of women’s teams in the USSA Football League have recognised limited knowledge about the basic IPPs, while they do employ some of the basic injury prevention practices in football. These practices could be influenced by the beliefs of the coaches and the players, and most of them believe that IPPs are important. It is essential as key stakeholders that coaches' and players' education and knowledge of injury prevention strategies should be considered as an integral part of the process to succeed. It should be strongly highlighted and implemented, thus augmenting the credibility, trust and compliance for IPPs in the sport.
Salceda de Caselas nos tempos da emigración a América. Evolución da poboación, economía e dinámicas sociopolíticas locais (1880- 1960)
Authors: Malheiro Xosé Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Salceda de Caselas nos tempos da emigración a América presenta unha micro-análise do fenómeno migratorio como tal, baseado na recuperación meticulosa da memoria oral e os fondos fotográficos, epistolares e outra documentación gardada polas familias, onde se recollen e reflicten os aspectos xerais deste problema que vencellou aspectos tales como a demografía, ou a actividade económica e local-, propiás da socio-dinámica política-, entre as últimas dúas décadas do século XIX e o metade do século XX. Un laborioso traballo de investigación e tratamento das diferentes fontes, complementadas pola reprodución dunha mostra ricaz de fotografías e documentos do período que reflicten á familia, e mesmo as esferas sociais e comunitarias.
Comparative study of biofilm formation in tubotympanic and atticoantral ear disease
Authors: Saroj Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Aggarwal Sushil Kumar , Banerjee Tuhina , Chaudhary Ashvanee Kumar , Sharma Swati , Gupta Deepak Kumar , Das Subhadeep 
Published: July 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Biofilm is an organized bacterial community that may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic tonsillitis and chronic suppurative otitis media. Biofilms may explain the recurrence and recalcitrant episodes of otorrhea in chronic otitis media (COM). The objective of this study was to detect biofilm formation in chronic suppurative otitis media and compare the pattern of biofilm formation in tubotympanic and atticoantral ear diseases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Patients included in the study ranged from 10 to 65 years of age from both the sexes and varying socioeconomic status. Samples were collected using sterile precautions in cases of tubotympanic as well as atticoantral COM. The collected samples were directly inoculated onto MacConkey and blood agar media. LisaScan® EM microtitter plate reader was used to identify the presence of biofilm.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common organism was <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> followed by <em>Moraxella catarrhalis</em> whereas in cases with tubotympanic COM, most common organism was <em>S. aureus</em>. We found that, in atticoantral type of COM biofilm formation was significantly more common as compared to that in tubotympanic type of COM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Biofilm formation in COM is even higher when atticoantral disease is present.</p>