bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and promotors in receptivity and utilization of feedback in a pre-clinical simulation based clinical training setting
Authors: Abraham Reina M , Singaram Veena S 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Many studies have explored feedback effectiveness using interventions focused on feedback delivery. It is equally important to consider how learners actively receive, engage with and interpret feedback. This study explores how medical students receive and use feedback in pre-clinical skills training.
Method: Focus group data from 25 purposively selected thirdyear medical students was thematically analysed. Four major themes and eight sub-themes related to the facilitators and barriers to feedback receptivity and utilisation to feed forward emerged from the data.
Results and Discussion: Students were receptive to feedback when its purpose and content aligned with their personal objectives, when it was consistent between tutors, and when it involved developing longitudinal relationships. The clinical skills formative logbook feedback culture with a learning focus was perceived to be predictive of their future performance and they were likely to take feedback on board, emphasising the role of reflection in this process. The depth and timing of actual feedback use varied among students, and language barriers hindered decoding feedback. Students’ self-regulatory focus on the feedback process had a dominant influence on their active use of feedback.
Conclusion: Incorporating learner behaviour underlying feedback use should be considered when designing interventions to promote feedback engagement, feedback literacy skills and responsibility sharing in the feedback process. Establishing a learning culture that promotes shared responsibility between clinical educators and learners enable greater control by learners over assessment and feedback processes and a commitment to behaviour change.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.594-607
Characterization of β-Globin Gene Cluster Deletions Using Multiplex-Gap Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)
Authors: Mohamad Redzuwan Yasmin n , Ghani Siti Nor Assyuhada Mat , Ghani Rozanah Abdul , Mohammad Abu Za’ror Yousef Saeed , Bahar Rosnah , Azlan Maryam , Zulkafli Zefarina , Mohamed Saleh Rozieyati 
Published: April 2021

Background : Deletions in the β-globin gene cluster are usually rare, problematic to detect, and subsequently possess a challenge in many diagnostic laboratories. They are normally related to the heterozygous of the delta beta (δβ) thalassemia, hereditary persistence of fetalhemoglobin (HPFH) and some of the hemoglobin variants. These disorders are typically presented by elevated levels of hemoglobin F (Hb F), but with low to normal hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2). However, despite their existence, there is still a limited number of studies focusing on this area, hence no definitive diagnosis could be conclusively established. Therefore, this pilot study was carried out to fill this knowledge gap.
Methods: In this study, screening of the selected deletional mutations in the β-globin gene cluster among patients with Hb F (>1%) and Hb A2 (<4%) were performed using multiplex Gap-PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).
Results: The results showed that out of 54 samples tested using multiplex Gap-PCR against four target deletions; Thai (δβ)°-thalassemia, HPFH-6, Siriraj J and HbLepore, one sample was found positive with Thai (δβ)°-thalassemia. Further findings from the MLPA screening on 12 randomly selected samples revealed that another patient was positive with double deletions within the region of the β-globin gene cluster. These deletions occur at the gamma-globin gene 1 (HBG1) and gamma-globin gene 2 (HBG2) in exon 3.
Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlighted the importance of these deletions’ characterization using multiplex Gap-PCR and MLPA which helps in establishing a definitive diagnosis among this selected group of patients.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.618-624
Acute paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria; a case report and literature review
Authors: Gajaweera Hasitha , Dayasiri Kavinda , Suraweera Nayani , Gamage Chandrachapa , Weerasekara Kumudu 
Published: April 2021

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a very rare subtype of autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by the presence of cold-reacting autoantibodies in the blood and characterized by the sudden presence of hemoglobinuria, typically after exposure to cold temperatures. The acute onset PCH occurs following viral illnesses whilst the chronic form is secondary to hematological malignancies and tertiary syphilis. It is a complement mediated intravascular hemolytic anemia associated with a biphasic antibody against the P antigen on red cells. We describe a three year child who had acute onset PCH following likely viral infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of strongly positive Donnath Landsteiner antibodies. She made a gradual recovery with supportive treatment, ten days following the initial detection of haemolysis. Parents were educated about the need to avoid cold exposure to prevent precipitation of further haemolysis and folic acid was commenced to assist the recovery of erythropoiesis.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.654-657
Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Pengungkapan Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia
Authors: Widodo Nova Maulud , Widagdo Ari Kuncara 
Published: April 2021

Abstractâ€” This study aims to analyze and test the ownership structure influence on the human resource accounting disclosure (HRAD). This study empirically examine the influence of ownership structure that is foreign ownership and family ownership on the HRAD. Control variables on this study are firm SIZE, CAR, LDR, and AGE. This study used secondary data obtained through the Indonesia Stock Exchange. HRAD is measured using an index Mamun. The sample was banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2011-2014 period selected through purposive sampling method. Total annual reports used for analysis were 133 reports. Methods of data analysis in the study using multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The structure of ownership in this study by considering authenticity. In this study, foreign ownership and family ownership is measured by two measurements. The measurement foreign ownership results showed no influence on the HRAD. Family ownership using the first measurement has no influence on HRAD, while using the second measurement significant negative influence. Control variables in this study is the company SIZE and AGE and have positive influence on the HRAD. While the CAR and LDR have negative inluence onÂ the HRAD.Â Keywordsâ€”: human resource accounting disclosure; ownership structure; banking company.
Granting Business License to Fuel Traders “Pertamini” As a Form of Legal Protection
Authors: Junus Nirwan , Mamu Karlin Zakaria , Aditya Cono Mohamad Syahnez W. 
Published: April 2021

Oil and Gas plays an important role in the fulfillment of fuel needs from both the industrial and transportation sectors. This regulation on Oil and Gas has provided a legal basis in its implementation. The presence of retail fuel businesses "Pertamini" is causing legal problems, this is because the existence of these businesses do not have a formal business license at all.This paper analyzes the sale of fuel under the brand "Pertamini" which does not have a business license. This research uses normative legal research method with statute approach and conseptual approach.The results showed that, with the increasing number of "Pertamini" fuel traders without a license, it will certainly have implications for the law and uncontrolled management of Oil and Gas. Therefore, the government and related agencies can issue permits to "Pertamini" fuel traders. Because by obtaining a legal business license, in terms of its management can be carried out optimal supervision to prevent the occurrence of fuel misuse. This also includes efforts to provide certainty and legal protection to "Pertamini" Fuel Traders.
Нові дані до хронології стратифікованого поселення Сабатинівка І
Authors: Kiosak Dmytro , Siekerska Olena 
Published: April 2021

У роботі публікуються чотири нові радіовуглецеві визначення, які спрямовані на вирішення актуальної проблеми абсолютної хронології двох шарів Сабатинівського поселення – нижнього (Трипілля В1) та верхнього (доба пізньої бронзи). Одержані дані свідчать на користь існування нижнього шару у межах XLIV-XLII ст. до н.е., а верхнього – XVI-XV ст. до н.е.
Походи русів у Табарістан у другій половині ІХ – на початку Х століть: маршрут і місце у міжнародних відносинах (за матеріалами Ібн Ісфандійара)
Authors: Kuzovkov Volodymyr 
Published: April 2021

У статті досліджуються дискусійні питання стосовно обставин перших походів русів на Каспій (між 864-883, 909/910 і 910/911), відомих за свідченнями ібн Ісфандійара, Амулі та Мар’аши. Окрема увага приділяється місцю цих військових акцій у русько-хазарських відносинах, їх впливу на міжнародні відносини у регіоні навколо Каспійського моря. Автор розглядає шляхи, якими руси потрапляли до мусульманського світу, і пропонує власну версію маршруту руських контингентів. Відмічається зв’язок розглянутих походів з військовою акцією русів, що відбулась між 913 і 917 рр., відомою за описом аль-Масуді.
Археологічна діяльність Анатолія Віссаріоновича Буракова у 1950-1960-і рр. (розкопки поселення ольвійської периферії біля c. Козирка)
Authors: Shevchenko Tetiana 
Published: April 2021

У статті висвітлено археологічну діяльність Анатолія Віссаріоновича Буракова у 1950-1960-і рр., зокрема, розкопки поселення ольвійської периферії біля с. Козирка. Роботи переслідували декілька цілей – шляхом розвідки з’ясувати основні культурно-хронологічні нашарування городища та встановити стан збереження археологічних об’єктів, визначити їх перспективність з точки зору подальших наукових розкопок. Під час досліджень були відкриті оборонні і житлові споруди, значний керамічний комплекс, предмети побуту, аналогії яким знайдено серед пам’яток провінційно-римської культури.
Electrochemical Formation Mechanism of Microdroplets on Pure Iron
Authors: Tang Xiao , Li Juanjuan , Wu Yuan , Hu Hao , Ma Chao Ran , Li Yan , Fan Haiming 
Published: April 2021

The electrochemical formation mechanism of microdroplets formed around a primary droplet of 3.5% NaCl solution on an iron-plated film was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and concentric three-electrode array (CTEA) measurements. During the initial stage, the microdroplets mainly originate from evaporation owing to cathodic polarization and electric current of the localized corrosion cell under the primary droplet. The maximal electrochemical potential difference between the anode and cathode was measured to be 0.36 V and acted as the driving force for the formation of microdroplets. The maximums of anodic and cathodic electric current density of pure iron under the NaCl droplet are 764 and −152 μA/cm2, respectively. Propagation of microdroplets in the developing stage attributes to horizontal movement of the electrolyte, water evaporation, and recondensation from primary and capillary condensation from moist air. The results of the study suggest that the initiation and propagation of microdroplets could promote and accelerate marine atmospheric corrosion.
Green Synthesis of Luminescent Gold-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: Cell Imaging and Visible Light–Induced Dye Degradation
Authors: Bharti Kanika , Lone Shahbaz Ahmad , Singh Ankita , Nathani Sandip , Roy Partha , Sadhu Kalyan K. 
Published: April 2021

Green synthesis of gold-zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) nanocomposite was successfully attempted under organic solvent–free conditions at room temperature. Prolonged stirring of the reaction mixture introduced crystallinity in the ZnO phase of Au-ZnO nanocomposites. Luminescence properties were observed in these crystalline Au-ZnO nanocomposites due to in situ embedding of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) of 5–6 nm diameter on the surface. This efficient strategy involved the reduction of Au(III) by Zn(0) powder in aqueous medium, where sodium citrate (NaCt) was the stabilizing agent. Reaction time and variation of reagent concentrations were investigated to control the Au:Zn ratio within the nanocomposites. The reaction with the least amount of NaCt for a long duration resulted in Au-ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanocomposite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the formation of Zn(OH)2 and ZnO in the same nanocomposite. These nanocomposites were reconnoitered as bioimaging materials in human cells and applied for visible light–induced photodegradation of rhodamine-B dye.
Peripheral TIGIT+ T Follicular Helper Cells That Produce High Levels of Interleukin-21 via OX40 Represent Disease Activity in IgG4-Related Disease
Authors: Akiyama Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Katsuya , Yoshimoto Keiko , Yasuoka Hidekata , Kaneko Yuko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesMultiple studies suggest that interleukin (IL)-21 plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of B cells and activation of cytotoxic T cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a new marker of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, yet its significance remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether TIGIT expression could detect high IL-21-producing peripheral Tfh populations and their association with disease activity in IgG4-RD.MethodsTIGIT expression in peripheral CD4+T cell subsets was comprehensively analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry. Single cell mapping was performed by t-SNE method, and IL-21 production was compared in TIGIT+ and TIGIT-T cells. The effect of OX40 signal on cytokine expression was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Clinical significance of TIGIT+ and TIGIT- peripheral T cells was analyzed in active patients with IgG4-RD, both at baseline and after 12 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment.ResultsUnbiased single cell mapping revealed two high IL-21-producing peripheral T cell populations; TIGIT+ Tfh and TIGIT-T helper cells. OX40 signal was associated with high IL-21 production in TIGIT+ Tfh and TIGIT-T helper cells. IL-21 production in Tfh cells correlated with the proportion of TIGIT+ cells in Tfh cells, serum IgG4 level, and scores of disease activity. Furthermore, the skewing toward peripheral TIGIT+ Tfh cells, particularly TIGIT+Tfh2 subset correlated with disease activity and was corrected by glucocorticoid treatment in IgG4-RD.ConclusionsOX40 is associated with high IL-21 production in peripheral TIGIT+ Tfh cells, and the increase in peripheral TIGIT+ Tfh cells reflects disease activity in IgG4-RD.
The Role of B Cells and B Cell Therapies in Immune-Mediated Liver Diseases
Authors: Cargill Tamsin , Culver Emma L. 
Published: April 2021

B cells form a branch of the adaptive immune system, essential for the body’s immune defense against pathogens. B cell dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune mediated liver diseases including autoimmune hepatitis, IgG4-related hepatobiliary disease, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. B cells may initiate and maintain immune related liver diseases in several ways including the production of autoantibodies and the activation of T cells via antigen presentation or cytokine production. Here we comprehensively review current knowledge on B cell mechanisms in immune mediated liver diseases, exploring disease pathogenesis, B cell therapies, and novel treatment targets. We identify key areas where future research should focus to enable the development of targeted B cell therapies.
Endogenous Opioid Levels Do Not Correlate With Itch Intensity and Therapeutic Interventions in Hepatic Pruritus
Authors: Düll Miriam M. , Wolf Katharina , Vetter Marcel , Dietrich Peter , Neurath Markus F. , Kremer Andreas E. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic pruritus affects up to 70% of patients with immune-mediated hepatobiliary disorders. Antagonists of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and agonists of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) are used to treat hepatic itch, albeit with limited success. An imbalance between ligands of MOR and KOR receptors has recently been suggested as a potential mechanism of hepatic pruritus. In this study, we therefore investigated systemic levels of important endogenous opioids such as β-endorphin, dynorphin A, Leu- and Met-enkephalin in plasma of a large cohort of well-characterized patients with immune-mediated cholestatic disorders, including patients with liver cirrhosis, and during effective anti-pruritic therapy.Methods: Plasma samples and clinical data were prospectively collected from well-characterized patients with primary/secondary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC/SSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and overlap syndromes suffering from pruritus (n = 29) and age-, gender- and disease-matched controls without pruritus (n = 27) as well as healthy controls (n = 20). General laboratory testing for hepatobiliary and renal function was performed. Levels of β-endorphin, dynorphin A, Leu- and Met-enkephalin were quantified in plasma by ELISA. Intensity of pruritus over the last week was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS, 0–10).Results: PBC and PSC patients with or without pruritus did neither differ in disease entity, disease stage, nor in the presence of cirrhosis. While both dynorphin A and β-endorphin concentrations were lower in pruritic patients compared to those without pruritus and healthy controls, the MOR/KOR ligand ratio was unaltered. No significant differences were observed for Leu- and Met-enkephalin concentrations. Opioid levels correlated with neither itch intensity nor stage of disease. Cirrhotic patients displayed higher concentrations of MOR agonist Leu-enkephalin and KOR agonist dynorphin A. Endogenous opioid levels remained largely unchanged after successful treatment with the potent anti-pruritic drugs rifampicin and bezafibrate.Conclusions: Endogenous opioid levels and the MOR/KOR ligand ratio neither correlate with itch intensity nor differentiate pruritic from non-pruritic patients with immune-mediated liver diseases. Thus, endogenous opioids may modulate signaling pathways involved in hepatic pruritus, but are unlikely to represent the major pruritogens in liver disease.
Iron Deposition Characteristics of Deep Gray Matter in Elderly Individuals in the Community Revealed by Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Multiple Factor Analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Qihao , Che Yena , Zhang Nan , Guo Lingfei 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe objective of this study was to determine which factors influence brain iron concentrations in deep gray matter in elderly individuals and how these factors influence regional brain iron concentrations.MethodsA total of 105 elderly individuals were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent detailed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from October 2018 to August 2019. Among them, 44 individuals had undergone a previous MRI examination from July 2010 to August 2011. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was utilized as an indirect quantitative marker of brain iron, and the susceptibility values of deep gray matter structures were obtained. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to investigate 11 possible determinants for cerebral iron deposition.ResultsOur results showed no sex- or hemisphere-related differences in susceptibility values in any of the regions studied. Aging was significantly correlated with increased insusceptibility values in almost all analyzed brain regions (except for the thalamus) when we compared the susceptibility values at the two time points. In a cross-sectional analysis, the relationship between gray matter nucleus susceptibility values and age was conducted using Pearson’s linear regression. Aging was significantly correlated with the susceptibility values of the globus pallidus (GP), putamen (Put), and caudate nucleus (CN), with the Put having the strongest correlations. In multiple linear regression models, associations with increased susceptibility values were found in the CN, Put, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus for individuals with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the patients with hypertension showed significantly reduced susceptibility values in the red nucleus and dentate nucleus. Our data suggested that smokers had increased susceptibility values in the thalamus. No significant associations were found for individuals with a history of hypercholesterolemia and Apolipoprotein E4 carrier status.ConclusionOur data revealed that aging, T2DM, and smoking could increase iron deposition in some deep gray matter structures. However, hypertension had the opposite effects in the red nuclei and dentate nuclei. Brain iron metabolism could be influenced by many factors in different modes. In future studies, we should strictly control for confounding factors.
Social Cognition in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy
Authors: Pastorino Grazia Maria Giovanna , Operto Francesca Felicia , Padovano Chiara , Vivenzio Valentina , Scuoppo Chiara , Pastorino Nazareno , Roccella Michele , Vetri Luigi , Carotenuto Marco , Coppola Giangennaro 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The purpose of our study was to perform a comparative analysis of social cognition in children and adolescents with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), specific learning disorder (SLD) and in typical development (TD) controls. The secondary aim was to relate social cognition to some clinical and demographic characteristics.Methods: Our work is a transversal observational study. The recruits were 179 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years diagnosed with epilepsy, ASD, or SLD and 32 subjects with TD. All the participants underwent neuropsychological assessment of Emotion Recognition (ER) and Theory of Mind (ToM) skills.Results: All three clinical groups performed significantly worse than controls in ER and ToM. The ASD group achieved significantly lower performance than the other groups; however, the scores of SLD and epilepsy groups were comparable. The ER performances are related to non-verbal intelligence only in the group with epilepsy.Conclusion: Children and adolescents with focal epilepsy, SLD, or ASD may present a deficit of varying extent in emotion recognition and ToM, compared with TD peers. These difficulties are more pronounced in individuals with ASD, but impairment worthy of clinical attention also emerges in individuals with SLD and epilepsy.