bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retour sur la cohabitation entre le droit CEMAC et le droit OHADA dans la liquidation des établissements de crédit en Afrique centrale
Authors:  Camille Tchotchou Petche Kamga 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
La liquidation des compartiments bancaire et non bancaire des établissements de crédit se caractérise par un dualisme juridique. Au premier compartiment est appliqué le droit CEMAC, tandis que le second compartiment est soumis au droit OHADA. Ce dualisme juridique est marqué par la prééminence de la réglementation bancaire CEMAC en raison de la spécificité de l’activité bancaire. Toutefois, cette prééminence n’est pas sans ambages. La réglementation bancaire CEMAC s’entremêle dans le processus de liquidation du compartiment non bancaire, pourtant dédié au droit OHADA, et de ce fait, relègue celui-ci à une position subsidiaire dans son « propre empire ». Cet imbroglio juridique crée une situation d’inconfort juridique pour toute personne qui sera chargée d’assurer la liquidation d’un établissement de crédit. Elle devra faire preuve de subtilité et de sagacité pour démêler et identifier, à chaque étape de la procédure, la véritable règle applicable.
Mots-clésdroit CEMAC, droit OHADA, liquidation, procédures collectives, établissements de crédit
Summary
The liquidation of the banking and non-banking compartments of credit institutions is characterized by legal dualism. CEMAC law is applied to the first compartment and the second compartment is subject to OHADA law. This legal dualism is marked by the pre-eminence of the CEMAC banking regulations due to the specificity of the banking activity. However, this pre-eminence is not without ambiguity. The CEMAC banking regulations are interwoven in the process of liquidating the non-banking compartment, which is nevertheless dedicated to OHADA law, and therefore relegates it to a subsidiary position in its “own empire”. This legal imbroglio creates a situation of legal discomfort for anyone who will be responsible for liquidating a credit institution. He will have to show subtlety and sagacity to disentangle and identify, at each stage of the procedure, the real applicable rule.
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder Following Recreational Dextromethorphan Use
Authors: Rymowicz Robert , Tsuang Tiffany 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a rarely diagnosed disorder characterized by continuous sensory disturbances following the use of hallucinogenic substances. Its cause remains unknown, and treatments remain elusive, although previous case reports have detailed attempts at treatment with a variety of psychoactive medications. No previous case reports have discussed the emergence of HPPD following dextromethorphan use, or its treatment with ropinirole.

Case:
We present the case of a 20-year-old male who developed HPPD after repeated recreational dextromethorphan use at supratherapeutic dosages, leading to the acute onset of visual snow, motional trails, the persistence of afterimages, the perception of halos around lights, tinnitus, and depersonalization and derealization. The client found these symptoms to be greatly distressing, and he had worsening of symptoms when treated with antipsychotic medications. After he was treated with lamotrigine and clonazepam, he had some improvement of symptoms. To treat additional visual symptoms, the patient was given ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, which made him feel better with less visual disturbances. Ultimately he had to discontinue all medications due to intolerability to side effects.

Conclusions:
The lack of effective treatments for HPPD and a general lack of awareness among patients and providers leads to underdiagnosis and incorrect management. Ropinirole may offer a novel treatment for patients with HPPD, and more research is needed to determine the suitability of dopamine agonists in the treatment for HPPD.
Prevalence of Open-angle Glaucoma in the Faroese Population
Authors: Holm Elin , Holm Malan , Vilhelmsen Kaj , Andorsdottir Gudrid , Vorum Henrik , Simpson Allie , Roos Benjamin R. , Fingert John H. , Rosenberg Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The Faroe Islands are home to 50,000 genetically isolated people in the North Atlantic. The prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in the Faroese population is unknown. Consequently, we conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of OAG in the Faroese population. We also investigated the role of known glaucoma-causing genes in Faroese OAG.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective survey of known and newly diagnosed glaucoma patients at the Faroese National Hospital, Landssjukrahusid, Tórshavn between October 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. In addition we reviewed the only eye care provider in the Faroese Islands by scrutinizing electronic medical records between 2009 and June 15, 2014, October 1, 2015 and the partly overlapping prescriptions for ocular hypotensive medications in 2016 to identify patients with either a diagnosis of glaucoma, a diagnosis of ocular hypertension or a prescription for ocular hypotensive medications. Next, we prospectively confirmed diagnoses with complete eye examinations. Patient DNA samples were tested for variations in known glaucoma-causing genes [myocilin (MYOC), optineurin (OPTN), and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1)].

Results:
We determined the age-related prevalence of OAG January 1, 2017 in individuals 40 years or older to be 10.7/1000 (1.07%) and highly age-related. A diagnosis of OAG was present in 264 patients, of whom 211 (79.9%) had primary OAG (including normal tension glaucoma), 49 (18.6%) had pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and 4 (1.5%) had pigmentary glaucoma. Among patients receiving medications for glaucoma, nearly 50% had primary OAG, while the majority of the rest had ocular hypertension or secondary glaucoma. No disease-causing variants were detected in MYOC, OPTN, or TBK1.

Conclusions:
The calculated prevalence of OAG in the Faroe Islands was 1.07%. The absence of MYOC, OPTN, or TBK1 disease-causing variants in Faroese primary OAG patients suggests that a different, potentially unique set of genes may be contributing to the pathogenesis of glaucoma in this population.
Nonbite Transmission of Pasteurella Causing Epiglottitis in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Bell Erin , Hartley Molly , Cullen Joan , Banjade Rashmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Pasteurella infections commonly manifest as localized skin infections; however, more invasive infections can also occur. Pasteurella epiglottitis is a rare infection associated with nonbite transmission, including food and beverages contaminated with animal saliva. Fewer than 20 cases of Pasteurella epiglottitis have been reported in the literature.
Impact of Trauma Type on Startle Reactivity to Predictable and Unpredictable Threats
Authors: Kreutzer Kayla A. , Gorka Stephanie M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Trauma exposure has been repeatedly linked to psychophysiological threat reactivity, although the directionality of this association has been inconsistent. Several factors likely contribute to inconsistent findings including type of trauma and threat paradigm. The present study therefore examined the impact of trauma type on psychophysiological reactivity to predictable (P-) and unpredictable (U-) threat in young adults (N = 112). Participants were classified into three groups: history of interpersonal or noninterpersonal trauma, or no history of trauma. Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded during a well-validated threat-of-shock paradigm. Results indicated individuals with interpersonal trauma exposure displayed exaggerated startle reactivity to U-threat (only) compared with both other groups. In contrast, individuals with noninterpersonal trauma exhibited blunted startle reactivity to U-threat (only) compared with both other groups. Findings reveal that trauma and threat type influence threat reactivity and that those with a history of interpersonal trauma may uniquely display exaggerated sensitivity to stressors that are uncertain.
Resilience and Hope Among Yazidi Women Released From ISIS Enslavement
Authors: Taha Perjan Hashim , Nguyen Thomas P. , Slewa-Younan Shameran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the levels of resilience and hope among Yazidi women who survived captivity by Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and to examine its relationship with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 139 formerly enslaved Yazidi women were assessed. The mean scores of resilience and hope were below the suggested cutoff means (M = 2.47, SD = 0.48, R = 1–5) and (M = 31.6, SD = 11.7, R = 8–64), respectively. Sociodemographic variables were not related to resilience and hope, other than those women who stayed in captivity for more than a 3-year period who reported significantly lower levels of hope (M = 28.36, SD = 11.69). Formerly enslaved Yazidi women who display higher levels of PTSD, generalized anxiety, and depression exhibit significantly lower levels of resilience and hope. Resilience and hope are therefore important concepts to explore in traumatized populations.
Long Sleep Duration Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ma Weibo , Chen Yaoxin , Wang Feng , Wang Jingru , Han Peipei , Wang Yiwen , Zhang Chenyu , Xie Fandi , Niu Shumeng , Hu Hao , Wang Hong , Guo Qi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and impaired cognitive function in different cognitive domains in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. A total of 1591 participants (≥60 years) were divided into five groups: ≤6 hours (very short sleep duration), >6 to 7 hours (short sleep duration), ≥7 to 8 hours (moderate sleep duration), >8 to 9 hours (moderately long sleep duration), and >9 hours (long sleep duration), according to sleep duration. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Long sleep duration significantly increased the likelihood of cognitive impairment. In addition to attention, long sleep duration was negatively related to poorer global cognition and other cognitive domain functions. With the stratification of age groups, long sleep duration was negatively associated with other cognitive domain functions except delayed recall in older elderly (≥75 years) people, but not in younger elderly (60–74 years) people. Long sleep duration was associated with higher rates of cognitive impairment, poorer global cognition, and declined orientation, memory, language ability, and executive function in Chinese community-dwelling older adults, which was more significant in older elderly people.
Association Between Histopathology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture in Grading Gliomas Based on Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Navigated Stereotactic Biopsy
Authors: Rui Wenting , Pang Haopeng , Xie Qian , Wang Yin , Duan Shaofeng , Ren Yan , Yao Zhenwei 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) textures and its correlation with histopathological malignancy of gliomas by magnetic resonance (MR) navigated stereotactic biopsy.

Methods
A total of 36 diffuse glioma cases and 64 puncture targets were included. All patients underwent a preoperative MR scan and intraoperative MR-navigated stereotactic biopsy. The histopathological diagnosis was grade II or grade III diffuse glioma. Regions of interest consistent with puncture targets were delineated on T1-weighted brain volume with gadolinium contrast enhancement images, and textures were extracted using Omni Kinetics software. Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to analyze texture differences between grade II and grade III samples. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to correct for multiple comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the diagnostic value of textural analysis for grading gliomas. Correlation between MRI textures and histopathology was examined by Spearman correlation test.

Results
Texture features, including max intensity, 95th quantile, range, variance, standard deviation, sum variance, and cluster prominence were higher in grade III glioma targets than grade IIs, grade II gliomas showed increased uniformity and short run low gray-level emphasis values (P and qFDRcorr < 0.05). Area under the curve was 0.887 (95% confidence interval, 0.805–0.969; P < 0.001) with combined textures in glioma grading. The listed first-order and gray-level cooccurrence matrix textures were correlated with Ki-67 labeling index. Gray-level cooccurrence matrix and gray-level run length matrix textures were correlated with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation.

Conclusions
Textures on T1-weighted brain volume with gadolinium contrast enhancement images differ between grade III and II gliomas and are correlated with Ki-67 labeling index and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation.
A Pilot Study on Feasibility of Ultrashort Echo Time T2* Cartilage Mapping in the Sacroiliac Joints
Authors: Wong Tony T. , Quarterman Patrick , Duong Phuong , Rasiej Michael J. , Wang Runsheng , Jaramillo Diego , Jambawalikar Sachin R. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Assess feasibility of ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* cartilage mapping in sacroiliac (SI) joints

Methods
Prospective magnetic resonance imagings with UTE T2* cartilage maps obtained on 20 SI joints in 10 subjects. Each joint was segmented into thirds by 2 radiologists. The UTE T2* maps were analyzed; reliability and differences in UTE T2* values between radiologists were assessed.

Results
Mean UTE T2* value was 10.44 ± 0.60 ms. No difference between right/left SI joints (median, 10.52 vs 10.45 ms; P = 0.940), men/women (median, 10.34 vs. 10.57 ms; P = 0.174), or different anatomic regions (median range 10.55–10.69 ms; P = 0.805). Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.94 to 0.99 (intraobserver) and 0.91 to 0.96 (interobserver). Mean bias ± standard deviation on Bland-Altman was −0.137 ± 0.196 ms (limits of agreement −0.521 and 0.247) without proportional bias (β = 0.148, P = 0.534).

Conclusions
The UTE T2* cartilage mapping in the SI joints is feasible with high reader reliability.
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease: Involvement of the Choroid Plexus
Authors: Čarna Maria , Onyango Isaac G. , Katina Stanislav , Holub Dušan , Nezvedova Marketa , Jha Durga , Nedelska Zuzana , Lacovich Valentina , Vyvere Thijs Vande , Houbrechts Ruben , Garcia-Mansfield Krystine , Sharma Ritin , David-Dirgo Victoria , Vyhnalek Martin , Texlova Kateřina , Chaves Hernan , Bakkar Nadine , Pertierra Lucia , Vinkler Mojmir , Markova Hana , Laczo Jan , Sheardova Kateřina , Frič Jan , Pompeano Antonio , Forte Giancarlo , Kaňovsky Petr , Belaškova Silvie , Damborsky Jiři , Hort Jakub , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Bowser Robert , Sevlever Gustavo , Rissman Robert A. , Smith Richard A. , Hajduch Marian , Pirrotte Patrick , Spačil Zdeněk , Dammer Eric B. , Limbäck-Stokin Clara , Stokin Gorazd B. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a major age-related disorder, are both characterized by inflammatory changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The origin and the mechanisms underlying these inflammatory changes, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we report that aging elicits inflammatory changes in the CSF that become accentuated uniquely in AD compared to other inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. We show that the choroid plexus (ChP), which produces CSF, gains a pro-inflammatory profile, exhibits perturbed metabolism and contributes to the CSF changes observed in AD. We then use MRI imaging to establish a correlation between cognitive decline and increased volume of significantly remodelled ChP in patients with AD, and provide clinical relevance to the identified ChP pathology. These findings collectively suggest that ChP, unable to resolve inflammatory insults efficiently over the lifetime, participates in the inflammation and the pathogenesis of AD.
Association of E484K and L452R spike protein mutations with SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated persons---Maryland, January – May 2021
Authors: Feder Kenneth A. , Patel Ami , Vepachedu Venkata R. , Dominguez Catherine , Keller Eric N. , Klein Liore , Kim Curi , Blood Tim , Hyun Judie , Williams Theo , Feldman Katherine A. , Mostafa Heba H. , Morris C. Paul , Ravel Jacques , Duwell Monique , Blythe David , Myers Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe E484K and L452R amino acid substitutions on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are associated with reduced neutralization by antibodies from acquired immunity. This study examines the respective association of these mutations with infection in persons who had previously received a COVID-19 vaccine.MethodsGenetic sequences from SARS-CoV-2 specimens collected from Maryland residents and reported to Maryland Department of Health were linked to vaccination history. The prevalence of infections in fully vaccinated persons -- defined as being at least two weeks past receiving the final scheduled dose of a COVID-19 vaccine series -- was compared between infections caused by viruses carrying E484K to those not carrying E484K, and between infections caused by viruses carrying L452R to those not carrying L452R, using logistic regression to adjust for confounding.ResultsOf 9,048 sequenced SARS-CoV-2 specimens examined, 265 (2.9%) were collected from fully vaccinated persons. In adjusted analysis, the E484K substitution was associated with an increase in the odds of the sequenced specimen being collected from a fully vaccinated person (OR 1.96, 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.83). The L452R mutation was not significantly associated with infections in vaccinated persons (OR 1.07, 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.68).ConclusionThough more than 97% of SARS-CoV-2 infections were in persons who were not fully vaccinated, the E484K mutation was associated with increased odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated persons. Linking vaccination and sequencing data can help identify and estimate the impact SARS-CoV-2 mutations may have on vaccine effectiveness.SummaryIn viruses sequenced for Maryland’s routine SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, the spike protein amino acid substitution E484K was more prevalent in viruses that infected vaccinated people than in viruses that infected people who were not vaccinated.
Peanut oral immunotherapy differentially suppresses clonally distinct subsets of T helper cells
Authors: Monian Brinda , Tu Ang A. , Ruiter Bert , Morgan Duncan M. , Petrossian Patrick M. , Smith Neal P. , Gierahn Todd M. , Ginder Julia H. , Shreffler Wayne G. , Love J. Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFood allergy affects an estimated 8% of children in the US, with increasing severity and global prevalence1. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a recently approved treatment with outcomes ranging from sustained tolerance to food allergen to no apparent benefit2,3. The immunological underpinnings that influence clinical outcomes of OIT still remain largely unresolved. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and paired TCRα/β sequencing, we assessed the transcriptomes of CD154+ and CD137+ peanut-reactive T helper cells from 12 peanut-allergic patients longitudinally throughout OIT. We observed expanded populations of cells expressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 signatures that further separated into six clonally distinct subsets, including a Tfh1-like, a Tfh2-like, a Th2A-like, and a Th2reg-like subset. Four of these subsets demonstrated convergence of TCR sequences, suggesting antigen-driven T cell fate. Although we observed suppression during OIT of Th2 and Th1 gene signatures within effector clonotypes, Tfh clonotypes were unaffected. We also did not observe significant clonal deletion or induction among the antigen-reactive T cells characterized. Positive outcomes were associated with larger decrease of Th2 signatures in Th2A-like cells, while treatment failure was associated with high baseline inflammatory gene signatures that were unmodulated by OIT. These signatures, including expression of OX40, OX40L, STAT1, and GPR15, were most clearly present in Th1 and Th17 clonotypes, but were also more broadly detected across the CD154+ CD4 population. These results demonstrate that differential clinical response is associated both with pre-existing trait characteristics of the CD4 immune compartment and with susceptibility to modulation by OIT.Conflict of Interest StatementA.A.T., T.M.G., J.C.L., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have filed patents related to the single-cell sequencing methods used in this work. J.C.L. has interests in Sunflower Therapeutics PBC, Pfizer, Honeycomb Biotechnologies, OneCyte Biotechnologies, SQZ Biotechnologies, Alloy Therapeutics, QuantumCyte, Amgen, and Repligen. J.C.L.’s interests are reviewed and managed under Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s policies for potential conflicts of interest. J.C.L. receives sponsored research support at MIT from Amgen, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Biogen, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda, and Sanofi. The spouse of J.C.L. is an employee of Sunflower Therapeutics PBC. T.M.G. is currently an employee of Honeycomb Biotechnologies, Inc. A.A.T. is currently an employee of Immunitas Therapeutics, Inc. W.G.S. is a consultant of Aimmune Therapeutics.
Airway-specific autoantibodies identify a subset of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Authors: Boustani Karim , Ghai Poonam , Invernizzi Rachele , Hewitt Richard J. , Maher Toby M. , Li Quan-Zhen , Molyneaux Philip L. , Harker James A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) has previously been associated with the presence of autoantibody. While studies have focused on systemic autoimmunity, the role of local autoantibodies in the airway remains unknown. We therefore extensively characterised the airway and peripheral autoantibody profiles in patients with fILD and assessed association with disease severity and outcome.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected from a cohort of fILD patients and total airway antibody concentrations were quantified. An autoantigen microarray was used to measure IgG and IgA autoantibodies against 124 autoantigens in BAL from 40 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 20 chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), 20 connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD) patients and 20 controls.ResultsA subset of patients with fILD but not healthy controls had a local autoimmune signature in their airways that was not present systemically, regardless of disease. The proportion of patients with IPF with a local autoantibody signature was comparable to that of CTD-ILD, which has a known autoimmune pathology, identifying a potentially novel subset of patients. The presence of an airway autoimmune signature was not associated with reduced survival probability or changes in lung function in the cohort as a whole. Patients with IPF had increased airway total IgA and IgG1 while subjects with CHP had increased airway IgA, IgG1 and IgG4. In patients with CHP, increased airway total IgA was associated with reduced survival probability.ConclusionThe presence of airway autoantibodies identifies a unique subset of patients with fILD and the mechanisms by which these autoantibodies contribute to disease requires further investigation.