bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subthreshold Current Modeling of Stacked Dielectric Triple Material Cylindrical Gate All Around (SD-TM-CGAA) Junctioless MOSFET For Low Power Applications
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Vashisht Munish , Gupta Neeraj , Gupta Rashmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Stacked Dielectric Triple Material Cylindrical Gate All Around (SD-TM-CGAA) Junctioless MOSFET has been explored for low power applications. This paper presents an analytical model of subthreshold current of Stacked Dielectric Triple Material Cylindrical Gate All Around (SD-TM-CGAA) Junctioless MOSFET. The analytical results were compared with TMSG MOSFET and good agreement was obtained. The sub-threshold current of the device is very low and consider for the implementation of CMOS inverter. A PMOS transistor is designed and the drive current of the PMOS transistor is tuned with the NMOS device to obtain the ideal matching in the drive current. A CMOS inverter has been designed. The transient and DC behavior of the device have been examined. The power dissipation of the CMOS inverter has been computed and compared with CMOS DMG-SOI JLT inverter. The power dissipation is 5 times less in proposed device as compared to CMOS DMG-SOI JLT inverter. This exhibits an excellent improvement in power dissipation which is useful for making low power future generation devices.
NDRG1 Targets TAF15 to Promote Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Li Chengwei , Dong Liang , Zhu Ning , Zhang Xiujuan , Yiminniyaze Ruzetuoheti , Wumaier Gulinuer , Wei Xiaomin , Li Jing , Lv Junzhu , Xia Jingwen , Li Shuanghui , Zeng Yuzhen , Wang Jing , Zhou Daibing , Li Shengqing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The mechanism underlying vascular remodeling of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is not fully elucidated. We hypothesized that hypoxia promotes expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs), which in turn leads to endothelial dysfunction and contributing to HPH. Methods: Lung samples were obtained from qualified patients and HPH rat models. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of NDRG1. EdU incorporation assays, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, transwell migration assays, and matrigel assays were conducted to detect the role of NDRG1 in HPACE function in vitro. HPH models were established in SD rats and were treated with plasmids expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to silence NDRG1. The candidate binding partner(s) of NDRG1 was screened and validated via co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining. Results: NDRG1 is up-regulated by hypoxia in a time-dependent manner in HPAECs. Expression of NDRG1 was increased in lung tissues of HPH patient and rat model. In vitro, silencing NDRG1 attenuated proliferation, migration and tube formation of HPAECs under hypoxia, while NDRG1 over-expression promoted these behaviors of HPAECs in normoxia. NDRG1 knock-down alleviated vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in rat models of HPH. NDRG1 can directly interact with TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15 (TAF15) and promote its nuclear localization. Bioinformatics study found that Notch1 signaling was downstream of TAF15 in endothelial cells. TAF15 can promote HPAECs dysfunction via binding to Notch1 promoter region and subsequently increasing Notch1 expression. Conclusions: Taken together, hypoxia-induced up-regulation of NDRG1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction and HPH development through TAF15 upregulation of Notch1, suggesting the applicability of targeting NDRG1 in clinical treatment of HPH.
The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use On Survival of Patients With Colorectal Cancer. A Study of a Racially Diverse Population
Authors: Obeidat Adham E , Monti Gabriel , Choi Horyun , Acoba Jared 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeProton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is increasing in the general population. Chronic PPI use can lead to hypergastrinemia, which has been purported to increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Several studies have failed to report any association between PPI use and the risk of CRC. However, little is known about the effect of PPI use on CRC survival. In this retrospective analysis, we studied the effect of PPI use on CRC survival in a racially diverse population.MethodsData were abstracted for 1050 consecutive patients diagnosed with CRC from January 2007 to December 2020. Kaplan-Meier curve was created to study the effect of PPI exposure compared to no exposure on overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate predictors of survival.ResultsComplete data were available for 750 patients with CRC, 52.5% were males, 22.7% Whites, 60.1% Asians, and 17.2% Pacific-Islanders. 25.6% of patients had a history of PPI use. Moreover, 79.2% had hypertension, 68.8% had hyperlipidemia, 38.0% had diabetes mellitus and 30.2% had kidney disease.There was no difference in median OS among PPI users compared to non-users, p value= 0.4. Age, grade, and stage were predictors of inferior OS. No significant association was noticed with gender, race, comorbidities, or treatment with chemotherapy.ConclusionIn this retrospective analysis of a racially diverse population of CRC patients, we found that PPI use was not associated with worse OS. Until high quality prospective data are available, physicians should not stop PPIs that are clinically indicated.
Mediating Role of The Default Mode Network On Parental Acceptance/Warmth and Psychopathology in Youth
Authors: Davis Kaley , Hirsch Emily , Gee Dylan , Andover Margaret , Roy Amy Krain 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Humans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve as protective mechanisms against atypical default mode network development. The current study aimed to extend the existing research by examining whether within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity would mediate the relation between parental acceptance/warmth and youth psychopathology. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, which included a community sample of 9,058 children ages 9-10.9 years, were analyzed to test this prediction. Results from the analysis demonstrated a significant mediation, where greater parental acceptance/warmth predicted greater within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity, which in turn predicted lower psychopathology. Our study provides preliminary support for the notion that positive parenting traits may reduce the risk for psychopathology in youth through their influence on the default mode network. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, we can only draw correlational inference; therefore, these relationships should be tested longitudinally in future investigations.
Effect of Progesterone Therapy In Traumatic Subarachinoid Haemorrhage On Clinical Outcome, Resistive Vascular Indices of Middle Cerebral Artery Transcranial Doppler And Thromboelastometry. A Promising Layout.
Authors: Raouf Mina M. , Ismaeel Tamer Alzaeem , Hanna George Abdel Shaheed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rationale . Recent evidence questions for a safe approach to resuscitate population with traumatic sub-arachinoid hemorrhage (tSAH). Progesterone neuro-protective actions are a matter of debate among literatures. This was the epitome of the current research. Primary outcome was to investigate progesterone actions on cerebral blood flow velocimetry using trans-cranial doppler and on visco-elastic properties of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system by rotational thrombo-elastometry (ROTEM) scanning. Secondary outcome were tracking mortality rate and length of ICU stay. Methods. The current research was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled mono-centeric study. Three hundred thirty two (332) adult patients of both sexes aged 25–60 years, recruited with solo tSAH (no other intra- axial lesions) admitted to Minia university hospital, neuro-critical care floor one. Exclusion criteria included poly-trauma patients (accompanying bone fractures or surgical abdomen), Glasgow coma scale less than 8, red blood cell transfusion during the first 6 hours after admission, hematochrit value > 50%, history of deep venous thrombosis. Two groups were designed, Control group and Progesterone (PR) group. PR group received 100 mg (2ml) intramuscular seven days once daily from hospital admission, while Control group received intramuscular isotonic saline (2ml) daily for seven days as a placebo. Trans-cranial doppler was performed on admission, two days and seven days post-admission. ROTEM exploited on admission and seven days after admission.ResultsProgesterone ameliorated hyperfibrinolysis ( prolong LYS 30 min.) of ROTEM scanning but no other impact on other parameters. Progesterone statistically dampened resistive vascular indices namely pulsatality index (P value =0.001, 0.003) and resistive index (P value=0.001,0.003) but no effect on mean flow velocity of bilateral middle cerebral artery scanning, Progesterone also shortened ICU stay. Conclusions.Progesterone can offer neuronal protection in patients with tSAH by impeding over-fibrinolytic activation .Registration number. (NCT04426487) on clinical trial.gov.Date of registration. Eight of June 2020. Institutional review board. (625/4-2020).
Metformin Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Liver Triglyceride Accumulation by LKB1/AMPK/ACC Pathway
Authors: Xie Fotian , Wang Dongmei , So Kwok Fai , Xiao Jia , Lv Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatic lipid accumulation is one of the main pathological features of alcoholic liver disease. Metformin is an AMPK activator that has been shown to have lipid lowering effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether metformin had a beneficial effect on lipid accumulation in the pathogenesis of ALD.Methods: AML12 cells and male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish ALD models in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The effects of metformin on hepatocyte lipid accumulation and ALD progression in mice were detected. The role of LKB1/AMPK/ACC axis in metformin against ethanol-induced lipid accumulation was evaluated by siRNA and AAV-shRNA interference.Results: Metformin reduced the ethanol-induced lipid accumulation in AML12 cells through activating AMPK/ACC and SREBP1c and inhibiting PPARα. In addition, compared with control mice, metformin treatment inhibited ethanol-induced liver adipose accumulation and the increase of ALT and AST in serum. Interference with LKB1 attenuated the effect of metformin on ethanol-induced lipid accumulation both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Metformin protects against lipid formation in ALD by activating LKB1/AMPK/ACC axis. Thus, metformin has therapeutic potential for the prevention of ALD.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Activated by Rapid Response Team Who Transferred to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lee Song-I , Koh Jeong suk , Kim Yoon-joo , Kang Da Hyun , Lee Jeong Eun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:The utilization of a Rapid response team (RRT) has influenced patient’s clinical outcomes in the general ward. However, characteristics of RRT-screened patients admitted in the ward or transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate these factors.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study using patient’s data in a tertiary medical center in Korea between January 2016 and December 2017. Results: Total 1,096 patients were included; 389 patients were transferred to the ICU, and 707 patients stayed in the ward. The ICU group was more likely to be admitted for medical reasons, hepatobiliary disease, and high heart rate. More interventions were performed, hospital stays were longer, and 28-day and in-hospital mortality were higher in the ICU group. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the risk factors affecting ICU admission were Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and National Early Warning Score (NEWS), platelet and lactate level. Transfer to the ICU was not associated with in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: Among RRT-activated patients, those with higher SOFA, NEWS scores, and lactate levels were more likely to transfer to the ICU. Therefore, these patients should be closely monitored and considered for ICU transfer.
Estimating the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria Parasite Carriage in Southern Ghana: Utility of Molecular and Serological Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Abagna Hamza Bukari , Rodgier Eric , Lo Aminata Colle , Abukari Zakaria , Allen Sophie , Gyan Ben , Aidoo Michael , Amoah Linda E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Asymptomatic malaria infections can serve as potential reservoirs for malaria transmission. These infections range from microscopic to submicroscopic densities, making an accurate estimation of asymptomatic parasite carriage highly dependent on the sensitivity of the tool used for the diagnosis. This study sought to evaluate the sensitivities of a variety of molecular and serological diagnostic tool at determining the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasite infections in two communities of varying malaria parasite prevalence.Methods. Whole blood from 194 afebrile participants aged between 6- and 70-years old living in a high (Obom) and a low (Asutsuare) malaria transmission setting of Ghana was used in this study. Thick and thin blood smears, an HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and filter paper dried blood spots (DBS) were prepared from each blood sample. Genomic DNA was extracted from the remaining blood and used in Plasmodium specific photo-induced electron transfer polymerase chain reaction (PET-PCR) and Nested PCR, whilst the HRP2 antigen content of the DBS was estimated using a bead immunoassay. Comparison of prevalence as determined by each method was performed.Results. Parasite prevalence in the high transmission site of Obom was estimated at 71.4%, 61.9%, 60%, 37.8% and 19.1% by Nested PCR, the HRP2 bead assay, PET-PCR, HRP2-RDT and microscopy respectively. Parasite prevalence in the low transmission site of Asutsuare was estimated at 50.1%, 11.2%, 5.6%, 0% and 2.2% by Nested PCR, the HRP2 bead assay, PET-PCR, RDT and microscopy respectively.Conclusions: Nested PCR exhibited the highest sensitivity by identifying the highest prevalence of asymptomatic P. falciparum in both the high and low parasite prevalence setting. However, parasite prevalence estimated by the HRP2 bead assay and PET-PCR had the highest level of inter-rater agreement relative to all the other tools tested and have the advantage of requiring fewer processing steps and producing quantitative results relative Nested PCR. These advantages make PET-PCR and the HRP2 bead assay very useful tools for estimating malaria parasite prevalence in community surveys in these settings.
Comprehensive Analysis of circRNA-associated Competing Endogenous RNA Networks and Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer
Authors: xu beibei , Zheng Endian , Huang Yi , Zheng Liang , Lan Qiaoli , Zhou Xiaolu , Geng Xiaoge , Wang Yanan , Wang Xiuyan , Pan Wensheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCircular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to be an important regulator in gastric cancer (GC). However, functions and regulatory mechanisms of circRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in GC have not been established.MethodsCircRNA data and clinical data were downloaded from the GEO and TCGA databases. The ceRNA and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks were constructed through bioinformatics analysis. Function enrichment analysis was performed. Additionally, correlations between expression levels of the top 10 hub genes and immune cell infiltration levels, histopathological grade and clinical stage were determined to establish their clinical values. The differentially expressed circRNA (DEcircRNA) was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).ResultsScreening of the GEO and TCGA databases revealed a total of 1627 DEcircRNAs, 6516 DEmRNAs, and 1451 DEmiRNAs. The ceRNA interaction network contained 2 circRNAs, 3 miRNAs and 55 mRNAs. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed a total of 323 biological processes (BP) terms, 53 cellular components (CC) terms, 51 molecular functions (MF) terms, while the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed 4 signaling pathways. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis revealed that EPHA4, NCAM1 and NRXN1 were positively correlated with the axon guidan and adhesion molecules pathways. Most of top 10 hub genes were positively correlated with B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, Neutrophils and Dendritic Cell infiltration. Correlation analysis between hub genes and clinical phenotypes revealed that elevated expressions of EPHA4 and KCNA1 indicated poor tissue differentiation and were associated with clinically advanced stages of GC. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression of has_circ_0002504 was significantly down-regulated in 3 GC cell lines which was consistent with the results of our bioinformatics analysis.ConclusionsHas_circ_0001998 and has_circ_0002504 are potential diagnostic biomarkers for GC, and the high expressions of both EPHA4 and KCNA1 may predict poor prognosis.
Elevated CSF Neuron-specific Enolase Levels in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als): A Useful Biomarker for Distinguishing ALS From Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Tsukahara Akihiro , Hosokawa Takafumi , Nishioka Daisuke , Kotani Takuya , Ishida Shimon , Takeuchi Tohru , Kimura Fumiharu , Arawaka Shigeki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels are elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and are effective in distinguishing ALS from cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We retrospectively evaluated 45 patients with ALS, 23 with CSM, and 28 controls who underwent analysis of CSF NSE levels. The control group comprised patients aged above 45 years who underwent lumbar puncture because of suspected neurological disorders that were ruled out after extensive investigations. CSF NSE levels were evaluated using the electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay. The ALS group had significantly higher CSF NSE levels than the CSM and control groups (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The CSM and control groups did not significantly differ in terms of CSF NSE levels. A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of CSF NSE levels in distinguishing ALS from CSM. The area under the curve for CSF NSE levels was 0.86. The optimal cutoff value was 17.7 ng/mL, with a specificity of 87% and a sensitivity of 80%. Hence, CSF NSE levels are elevated in ALS and are effective in distinguishing ALS from CSM.
Vapor−Liquid Equilibrium For The Mixture of m-Xylene, Ethylbenzene and 1, 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene at 101.3 kPa
Authors: Li Min , Yu Yingmin , Liu Lanmu , Li Jun , Song Yuhe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The vapor-liquid phase equilibrium (VLE) data for binary systems of m-xylene + ethylbenzene, m-xylene + 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene, ethylbenzene + 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene and ternary system of m-xylene + ethylbenzene + 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene were determined with a modified Rose still at 101.3 kPa, and all the binary data passed the Wisniak’s test, which accorded with the thermodynamic consistency. Three activity coefficient models namely, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC were used to correlate VLE data and get binary interaction parameters, then the ternary VLE data of m-xylene + ethylbenzene + 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene were estimated based on these model parameters using Aspen Plus software. The estimation values of the three models agree well with the experimental data. Moreover, the effect of 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene was analyzed, and it found to be an effective candidate extractant for the extractive distillation of ethylbenzene from mixed xylenes.
Interplay of Sphingosine1 phosphate, Adiponectin and Sex Hormones with Gender disparity among patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: matta ragaa abdelshaheed , shatat mohamed , Sedik Mahmoud Mahrous , Elela Mostafa Ahmed EL Sayed Abu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Backgroundcirculating sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) showed oncogenic roles in various cancers. It showed conflict data in Hepatitis B virus- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adiponectin and sex hormones were contributing factors for gender disparity in HCC. Up to date, no clinical study among HCC patients addresses interplay of S1P, adiponectin and sex hormones that was described in experimental studies. The current study aimed to evaluate circulating SIP, adiponectin and sex hormones among sex stratified HCC subgroups and to assess gender disparity of theses parameters regarding HCC development and diagnosis, their interplay and association with clinic -morphological and staging of HCC.MethodWe measures serum S1P, adiponectin, testosterone (T), estradiol (E) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), calculated free and bioavailable T and E/T ratio among HCV – HCC group in comparing with comparable HCV- cirrhotic and healthy groups with their sex stratified male and female subgroupsResultsAmong all, male and female HCC patients, S1P was significant higher than corresponding cirrhotic and healthy subjects with cut off value ≥ 113ng/l as screening test (sensitivity 95%, specificity 56%) for HCC diagnosis. Compared to sex respective cirrhotic subgroups, male-HCC had significant higher SHBG and lower adiponectin and estradiol while opposite profile was observed among female-HCC. Female-HCC had significant higher SIP and adiponectin than male-HCC. Although S1P was positively correlated with adiponectin, testosterone and negatively with E/T ratio among male and female HCC, adiponectin was correlated negatively with testosterone and SHBG and positively with estradiol and E/T ratio among entire HCC group but reverse associations were observed in female (not- male) subgroup. Associations of large tumor size and higher T-class TNM staging with higher adiponectin and testosterone and lower E/T ratio and link of multiplicity with higher estradiol in females while association of higher testosterone among higher T-class TNM staging male were observed. Portal vein thrombosis was related to lower SHBG and higher testosterone in male and female respectively.ConclusionWe suggested S1P as screening test for diagnosis of HCC among HCV-cirrhotic and healthy subjects. There was gender disparity as regard association and interaction of S1P, adiponectin and sex hormone with respect of HCC development and its clinic-morphological features and staging.