bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Inhaled Iloprost for the Management of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Verma Sourabh , Lumba Rishi , Kazmi Sadaf H. , Vaz Michelle J. , Prakash Shrawani Soorneela , Bailey Sean M. , Mally Pradeep V. , Randis Tara M. 
Published: January 2021

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the effects of inhaled iloprost on oxygenation indices in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
Study Design We conducted a retrospective chart review of 30 patients with PPHN from January 2014 to November 2018, who did not respond to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) alone and received inhaled iloprost. Twenty-two patients met the inclusion criteria and eight patients were excluded from the study (complex cardiac disease and extreme prematurity). Patients were categorized as responders or nonresponders (patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or died). Oxygenation index, mean airway pressure (MAP), and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were recorded.
Results Among a total of 22 patients who were included in the study, 10 were classified as nonresponders as they required either extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or died. Gestational age and gender did not differ between responders and nonresponders. The median PaO2 was lower (37 vs. 42 mm Hg; p < 0.05) and median MAP was higher (20 vs. 17 cm H2O; p < 0.02) in nonresponders compared with responders just prior to initiating iloprost. Iloprost responders had a significant increase in median PaO2 and decrease in median oxygenation index in the 24 hours after initiating treatment (p < 0.05), with no significant change in required mean airway pressure over that same period. There was no change in vasopressor use or clinically significant worsening of platelets count, liver, and kidney functions after initiating iloprost.
Conclusion Inhaled iloprost is well tolerated and seems to have beneficial effects in improving oxygenation indices in neonates with PPHN who do not respond to iNO. There is a need of well-designed prospective trials to further ascertain the benefits of using inhaled iloprost as an adjunct treatment in neonates with PPHN who do not respond to iNO alone.
Key Points
Anterior Skull Base Sarcomas: Report of Characteristics and Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Cancer Center
Authors: Long Sallie , Asimakopoulos Panagiotis , McGill Marlena , Cohen Marc A. , Patel Snehal G. , Shah Jatin P. , Ganly Ian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to describe our institutional experience on characteristics and treatment outcomes of sinonasal sarcomas invading the anterior skull base.
Design Present study is a retrospective review.
Setting The study was conducted at an academic cancer care center.
Participants Thirty-one patients with skull base sarcomas treated with primary surgery from 1979 to 2015 were identified for this study from a preexisting database.
Main Outcome Measures Survival and recurrence outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier method were the focus areas of the study.
Results The median age was 44 years (range: 13–69 years). Twenty patients were male (64.5%). Twenty-nine patients underwent open craniofacial resection (93.5%) and two patients underwent endoscopic resection (6.5%). The majority of tumors were staged pT4 (77.4%). The most common pathologies were leiomyosarcoma (19.4%), osteosarcoma (16.1%), and chondrosarcoma (12.9%). Of those with known margin status, 10 patients had positive/close margins (32.2%) and 16 patients had negative margins (51.6%). Most tumors were high grade (74.2%). Twenty-three patients (74.2%) received adjuvant radiation and four patients (12.9%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. There were nine postoperative complications (29%) including one mortality and three cerebrospinal fluid leaks. There were 10 local, 2 regional, and 5 distant recurrences over a median follow-up of 74 months (range: 1–300 months). The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 69.8%. The 5-year locoregional recurrence-free probability (RFP) was 63.2% and the 10-year distant RFP was 71.7%. The 5-year DSS for high grade tumors was 64.2 and 85.7% for low grade tumors (p = 0.117).
Conclusion This study contributes an updated analysis of anterior skull base sarcomas. Five-year DSS is approximately 70%. Analysis of survival outcomes based on grade, tumor size, and other factors is limited by small sample size and the rarity of these tumors.
Recovery of Cranial Nerve Deficits in Patients Presenting with Pituitary Apoplexy: A Case Series
Authors: Alahmari Mohammed , Alkherayf Fahad , Lasso Andrea , Banaz Fatmahalzahra , Mohajeri Sepideh , Masoudian Pourya , Lamothe Andre , Agbi Charles , Caulley Lisa , Alshardan Mohammad , Kilty Shaun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare complication of pituitary tumors that can present with a myriad of symptoms, including sudden onset cranial nerve deficits. After patient stabilization and hormone replacement, surgical decompression is often recommended. The timing of surgical decompression remains controversial. In this case series, we describe our institutional experience pertaining to the cranial nerve recovery in patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal (EETS) surgery for PA while evaluating outcome based on tumor stage using the suprasellar infrasellar parasellar anterior posterior (SIPAP) classification.
Design Present study is a single-institution retrospective cohort.
Methods A retrospective review of all EETS cases for pituitary tumor resection between November 2009 and August 2018. Queries of the hospital database were completed by trained personnel to identify cases of PA treated using the EETS approach. Baseline characteristics, tumor type, endocrine data, and SIPAP classification based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and operation characteristics were extracted from medical records. Postoperative results were extracted for the duration of the follow-up period available for each patient.
Results Fifteen cases of PA were identified. Patient follow-up period was a mean of 30 months. The cranial nerve deficits present at admission were visual deficit (33%); unilateral third nerve palsy (47%) and unilateral sixth nerve palsy (27%). No fourth nerve palsies were observed. Following EETS, 60% of patients with preoperative visual deficit had normal visual fields. For those with third and sixth nerve palsies preoperatively, 43 and 75%, respectively, had return to normal function postoperatively. SIPAP tumor characteristics were not related to postoperative cranial nerve recovery.
Conclusion In this series of surgically treated patients with pituitary apoplexy, all cranial nerve deficits normalized or improved following surgery. The tumor SIPAP classification was not associated with patient outcome. Though in a small series, the presented results suggest surgical treatment is beneficial for these patients.
Possibility of using tetrafluorohydrazine as an oxidiser in a supersonic cw chemical HF laser
Authors: Fedorov I.A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a computational and experimental study of the possibility of replacing NF3 nitrogen trifluoride, which is used in the NF3 – D2 – He fuel composition in the atomic fluorine generator of a supersonic cw chemical HF laser, with N2F4 tetrafluorohydrazine. As a result of comparing the specific energy characteristics of an HF laser operating with each of the oxidisers, it is shown that the replacement of nitrogen trifluoride with tetrafluorohydrazine in the same laser model leads to an increase in the specific energy output by 13% – 15%. In this case, it is possible to reduce the specific mass of the oxidiser storage system (the ratio of the mass of the oxidiser storage system to the laser facility power), reduce the oxidiser tank dimensions, and simplify the active medium generator design by eliminating the ignition system of the NF3 oxidiser with a D2 primary fuel.
Analytical model of fluorescence intensity for the estimation of fluorophore localisation in biotissue with dual-wavelength fluorescence imaging
Authors: Khilov A.V. , Sergeeva E.A. , Kurakina D.A. , Turchin I.V. , Kirillin M.Yu. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnalytical expression for the fluorescence response of a photosensitiser uniformly distributed in the superficial layer of biotissue is obtained in the diffusion approximation of radiative transfer theory, and the approach for estimating the fluorescent layer thickness based on dual-wavelength excitation of fluorescence is proposed. It is shown that the error in estimation of the fluorescent layer thickness employing the ratio of the fluorescence signals obtained at different excitation wavelengths does not exceed 30 % for the thickness range of 0.1 – 2 mm in the case of 30 %-variation of biotissue optical properties.
Polyacrylamide-based phantoms of human skin for hyperspectral fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Shupletsov V.V. , Zherebtsov E.A. , Dremin V.V. , Popov A.P. , Bykov A.V. , Potapova E.V. , Dunaev A.V. , Meglinski I.V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on the combined use of polymerisable polyacrylamide, collagen and an aqueous solution of Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), we have developed a new technique for fabrication of composite phantoms mimicking fluorescence properties of human skin. A comparative analysis of the absorption and scattering coefficients, refractive indices, as well as fluorescence spectra of phantoms with different concentrations of FAD measured with the combined use of a CCD spectrometer and a hyperspectral camera is presented. To obtain values of scattering coefficients close to those for human skin, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are added to the polyacrylamide polymer structure. Variations both in the shape of the spectrum and in the intensity of the fluorescence signal in the phantoms are provided by the changes in the volume fraction of FAD and collagen. It is shown that the model fluorescence spectra are in good agreement with the results of direct human skin measurementsin vivo.
Runx1 and Runx3 drive progenitor to T-lineage transcriptome conversion in mouse T cell commitment via dynamic genomic site switching
Authors: Shin Boyoung , Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Romero-Wolf Maile , Zhou Wen , Masuhara Kaori , Tobin Victoria R. , Levanon Ditsa , Groner Yoram , Rothenberg Ellen V. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceT-lineage specification requires waves of gene network changes to terminate multipotency and establish T identity. Circumstantial evidence has suggested roles for Runt domain-related (Runx) factors in these regulatory events; Runx1 is strongly expressed, but Runx1 knockouts have previously shown little impact during stages around T-lineage commitment. We show that Runx1 and Runx3 function together to drive T-lineage commitment, binding the same sites. Double knockouts block both activation of T-lineage genes and repression of progenitor genes. Contrasting with the stable activity of Runx proteins throughout these stages, Runx factors preferentially regulate target genes that sharply change expression during T commitment. We show that this reflects pronounced, global redistributions of Runx binding choices across the genome before and after T-lineage commitment.
Portrayal of power in manifestos
Authors: Farrukh Fizza , Masroor Farzana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Power, conforming to particular political groups of the society, is exercised on the masses by making them believe
in the legitimacy of that dominance. This association enables the groups to exercise their power and promulgate their ideologies
through their discourse as well. One illustration of this discourse appears in the form of political manifestos. Utilizing the
tool of language, the political actors (as agents of political parties) set agendas, pertinent topics and position their stance in
these manifestos. Framed under critical discourse analysis, the current study attempts to investigate this act of ‘legitimation’
promulgated by Chilton (2004) and the strategies of Authority Legitimation, devised by
Van Leeuwen (2008). The article illustrates how the power-holders utilize their
linguistic resources to authorize their stance, idea, and action. The study helps explicating the relation between power, ideology
and language and promulgates consciousness regarding the reality constructed by humans, as social and political actors.
A dual-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer array with low inter-element coupling effects
Authors: Liu Lifang , Ji Weiliang , Xing Zhanqiang , Sun Xiangyu , Chen Yu , Du Yijia , Qin Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a dual-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) line array with low crosstalk level, which was fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with sputtered piezoelectric thin film (PZT) and Si diaphragm structure. The obtained array consists of 120 of 0.77 MHz and 192 of 2.30 MHz PMUT units in total with minimum interspace of 50 μm. Due to the high piezoelectric coefficient of PZT, the PMUT shows high transmitting sensitivity in air and good effective electromechanical coupling factor. The displacement sensitivities are assessed to be 595 nm V−1 and 112 nm V−1 at the resonant frequencies of 0.77 MHz and 2.30 MHz respectively in air. To reduce the vibration coupling, rectangular grooves in the bottom silicon are designed between the adjacent line elements, and the PMUT units in the array are arranged in a mis-aligned style. Modal analysis for the 0.77 MHz units indicates neighbouring coupling-vibration decreases greatly from 44.5% to 14.8% of the excited vibration when the excited line is driven at 4Vpp, which proves both the grooves and the mis-aligned ranking are effective for coupling effect reduction. Moreover, results indicate the coupling effect between different frequencies can be ignored due to their inherent resonance characteristics. The sound pressures for a single 0.77 MHz line element and 2.30 MHz line element are evaluated to be 53 kPa and 73 kPa at a distance of 1 cm in water. This high performance dual-frequency PMUT line array makes some high resolution imaging methods possible based on PMUT technology, such as those of dual-frequency, total focus.
Limitations on MEMS design resulting from random stress gradient variations in sputtered thin films
Authors: Zhu William Z , Assylbekova Meruyert , McGruer Nicol E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Residual stress gradients often negatively affect the performance of MEMS devices, causing film curvature and changing the designed gaps of released structures. In this work, we built folded beams designed to compensate for the film curvature and keep the actuator gaps of sensitive resonant switches constant. While the average stress gradient is cancelled by our designs, we find that random variations in the stress gradient (rather than random variations in device dimensions) cause the majority of the observed variation in actuator gap. To our knowledge, this has not previously been reported, and represents an important limitation on MEMS designs using sputtered films. The standard deviation of the 400 nm contact gap for a folded beam of total length 152 µm and width 108 µm was measured to be about 134 nm. Using parameters measured from test cantilevers, our simulations predict that about 98% of the variation in contact gap is due to stress gradient variation, rather than variations in device geometry.
Entanglement of quantum oscillators coupled to different heat baths
Authors: Syu Wei-Can , Lee Da-Shin , Yeh Chen-Pin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of two coupled oscillators interacting with their own heat baths of quantum scalar fields at different temperature T
1 and T
2 with bilinear couplings between them. We particularly focus on the entanglement or inseparability property of their quantum states. The critical temperatures of two respective oscillators, T
1c and T
2c, higher than which the entanglement disappears, can be determined. It is found that when two damping parameters are largely different, say γ
1 ≪ γ
2, the critical temperature T
1c with respect to the frequency Ω+, the higher frequency among two normal modes frequencies, can be very large, T
1c ≫ Ω+, while T
2c ∝ Ω+ with the possibility of hot entanglement. The entanglement of two oscillators with the temperature-dependent damping parameters γ
1;2,T
from heat baths is also discussed.
Tunable Poisson’s ratio and tension-compression asymmetry of graphene-copper nanolayered composites
Authors: Zhang Sen , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiaoyi , Luo S N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Poisson’s ratios of graphene-copper nanolayered (GrCuNL) composites under tension and compression are investigated by molecular dynamics and theoretical analysis. The Poisson’s ratio of a GrCuNL composite can be tuned by tailoring its repeat layer spacing without changing the topological structures. The effect of constituent nanocrystalline Cu grain size on the Poisson’s ratio is negligible. There are remarkable in-plane anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry in the Poisson’s ratio due to the chiral difference in compressive stress in graphene layers. A mechanical model considering the chirality and repeat layer spacing is proposed, which can accurately predict the Poisson’s ratio of a GrCuNL composite. For stable GrCuNL composites, the repeat layer spacing should be larger than 2 nm, and their tunable range of Poisson’s ratio is 0.1–0.35.
A study of open shell nuclei using chiral two-body interactions
Authors: Puddu G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We apply the hybrid-multi-determinant method using the recent chiral two-body interactions of Entem–Machleidt–Nosyk without renormalization to few nuclei up to A = 48. Mostly we use the bare fifth order NN interaction N4LO-450. For 24Mg and 48Cr the excitation energies of the

2

1

+

states are far larger than the corresponding experimental values.
Optical fiber SPR magnetic field sensor based on photonic crystal fiber with the magnetic fluid as cladding
Authors: Zhu Liangquan , Zhao Na , Lin Qijing , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) magnetic field sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The structure is fabricated by splicing a section of photonic crystal fiber between two multimode fibers. After the structure is coated with 10 nm Cr and 50 nm Au, the high refractive index (RI) sensitivity, from 1973.72 nm RIU−1 to 3223.32 nm RIU−1 in the range of 1.3326–1.3680, verifies the SPR sensor, which is higher than the structure based on single mode fiber with the same coating. In addition, the microscopic mechanism of the tunable characteristics of magnetic fluid RI with the ambient magnetic field is simulated by the molecular dynamics method. To measure the external magnetic field, the sensing region of the SPR sensor is fully inserted in a capillary tube, which is filled with magnetic fluid and sealed with UV glue. A maximum sensitivity of 4.42 nm mT−1 is achieved in the range of 0–24 mT, experimentally. Due to high sensitivity, simple manufacturing and compact size, the proposed sensor possesses attractive application prospects in environmental monitoring, power transmission and biomedical applications.
Towards field-effect controlled graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cobalt octaethylporphyrin molecules
Authors: Sleziona Stephan , Rauls Simon , Heckhoff Tobias , Christen Leonard , Pollmann Erik , Madauß Lukas , Franzka Steffen , Lorke Axel , Wende Heiko , Schleberger Marika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During the last decade graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool to detect and analyze minute amounts of molecules adsorbed on graphene. By using a graphene-based field-effect device the unique opportunity arises to gain a deeper insight into the coupling of molecules and graphene as graphene’s Fermi level can be controlled by the transistor`s gate voltage. However, the fabrication of such a device comes with great challenges because of contaminations stemming from processing the device inevitably prevent direct adsorption of the molecules onto graphene rendering it unsuitable for field-effect controlled graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements/experiments. In this work, we solve this problem by establishing two different fabrication procedures for such devices, both of which are in addition compatible with large area and scalable production requirements. As a first solution, selective argon cluster irradiation is shown to be an efficient way to remove resist residues after processing. We provide evidence that after the irradiation the enhancement of the molecular Raman signal can indeed be measured, demonstrating that this procedure cleans graphene’s surface sufficiently enough for direct molecular adsorption. As a second solution, we have developed a novel stacking method to encapsulate the molecules in between two graphene layers to protect the underlying graphene and molecular layer from the harsh conditions during the photolithography process. This method combines the advantages of dry stacking, which leads to a perfectly clean interface, and wet stacking processes, which can easily be scaled up for large area processing. Both approaches yield working graphene transistors with strong molecular Raman signals stemming from cobalt octaehtylporphyrin, a promising and prototypical candidate for spintronic applications, and are therefore suitable for graphene based molecular sensing applications.
Electrostatic tip effects in scanning probe microscopy of nanostructures
Authors: Casper Clayton B , Ritchie Earl T , Teitsworth Taylor S , Kabos Pavel , Cahoon James F , Berweger Samuel , Atkin Joanna M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electrical scanning probe microscopies (SPM) use ultrasharp metallic tips to obtain nanometer spatial resolution and are a key tool for characterizing nanoscale semiconducting materials and systems. However, these tips are not passive probes; their high work functions can induce local band bending whose effects depend sensitively on the local geometry and material properties and thus are inherently difficult to quantify. We use sequential finite element simulations to first explore the magnitude and spatial distribution of charge reorganization due to tip-induced band bending (TIBB) for planar and nanostructured geometries. We demonstrate that tip-induced depletion and accumulation of carriers can be significantly modified in confined geometries such as nanowires compared to a bulk planar response. This charge reorganization is due to finite size effects that arise as the nanostructure size approaches the Debye length, with significant implications for a range of SPM techniques. We then use the reorganized charge distribution from our model to describe experimentally measured quantities, using in operando scanning microwave impedance microscopy measurements on axial p-i-n silicon nanowire devices as a specific example. By incorporating TIBB, we reveal that our experimentally observed enhancement (absence) of contrast at the p-i (i-n) junction is explained by the tip-induced accumulation (depletion) of carriers at the interface. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of TIBB is critical for an accurate interpretation of electrical SPM measurements, and is especially important for weakly screening or low-doped materials, as well as the complex doping patterns and confined geometries commonly encountered in nanoscale systems.