bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotic Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nishi Akira , Sawada Kyosuke , Uchida Hiroyuki , Mimura Masaru , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
No clinical guidelines currently recommend antipsychotic monotherapy (APM) for major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of APM versus placebo in patients with MDD, no meta-analysis has examined this topic. We conducted a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and Embase to identify relevant RCTs and performed a meta-analysis to compare the following outcomes between APM and placebo: study discontinuation due to all causes, lack of efficacy, and adverse events, changes in total scores on depression severity scales (e.g., Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) and in the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale (CGI-S) score, and individual adverse event rates. A total of 13 identified studies with 14 comparisons involving 3,197 participants that met the eligibility criteria were included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference was found in study discontinuation due to all causes between the APM and placebo groups. However, there were significant differences in study discontinuation due to lack of efficacy in favor of the APM group and study discontinuation due to adverse events in favor of the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the APM group was significantly superior in relation to score reduction on the depression severity scales and CGI-S and inferior in relation to 8 of 23 individual adverse events. APM could be a useful treatment option for the acute phase of MDD, although clinicians should be aware of an increased risk of some adverse events.
Structure and function of rhizosphere and root endophyte microbial communities associated with healthy and root rot diseased Panax notoginseng
Authors: Wang Pan Pan , Yang Li Fang , Sun Jia Ling , Yang Ye , Qu Yuan , Wang Cheng Xiao , Liu Di Qiu , Huang Lu Qi , Cui Xiu Ming , Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen is a Chinese medicinal plant of the Araliaceae family commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Asia and elsewhere. To meet an increase in Chinese herbal medicine market demand, most P. notoginseng is planted artificially, and is vulnerable to various plant diseases. Root rot disease, in particular, causes substantial P. notoginseng yield reduction and economic losses. High-depth next-generation sequencing technology was used to analyze the rhizosphere and root endophyte microbial communities of P. notoginseng to compare the characteristics of these two communities between healthy and root rot diseased P. notoginseng plants, and to clarify the relationship between these microbial communities and root rot disease.Results: The P. notoginseng rhizosphere microbial community was more diverse than the root endophyte community, and the difference in functional pathways between healthy and diseased P. notoginseng plants was greater in the root endophyte than in the rhizosphere communities. Multi-database annotation results showed that the highest number of endophytic bacteria occurred in the roots of diseased plants. The number of carbohydrate-active enzymes database families was also higher in diseased roots. The RND antibiotic efflux function was higher in the healthy samples. A high abundance of Variovorax paradoxus and Pseudomonas fluorescens occurred in the healthy and diseased root endophyte communities, respectively. Ilyonectria mors-panacis and Pseudopyrenochaeta lycopersici were most abundant in the diseased samples. In addition, the complete genome of two unknown Flavobacteriaceae species and one unknown Bacteroides species were obtained based on binning analysis.Conclusions: The rhizosphere and root endophyte microbial communities of healthy and root rot diseased P. notoginseng showed marked differences in diversity and functional pathways. The higher mapping values obtained for the diseased samples reflected the occurrence of root rot disease at the molecular level. Variovorax paradoxus and Pseudomonas fluorescens may be antagonistic bacteria of root rot in P. notoginseng, whereas Ilyonectria mors-panacis and Pseudopyrenochaeta lycopersici appear to be P. notoginseng root rot pathogens. Our study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the occurrence of root rot in P. notoginseng and for further research on potential biological control agents.
Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated with Unfavorable Outcomes of Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Lima-Peru
Authors: Aguila Olguita del , Dominguez-Rojas Jesús , Chonlon-Murillo Kenny , Borcic Aida , Sánchez Sandra , Huamani-Echaccaya Pablo , Garcés-Ghilardi Raquel , Estupiñan-Vigil Matilde , Alvarado-Gamarra Giancarlo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and determine the factors associated with unfavorable outcomes of pediatrics multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (SIM-P) related to COVID-19 at Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital (HNERM), Lima-Perú, from April to September 2020. Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort in children under 14 years of age. The current criteria were used for the diagnosis of SIM-P. The effect size was estimated with relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals, using a generalized linear Poisson family model with robust variance. Results: 43 patients were included, 22 (51.2%) Kawasaki Disease (EK), 10 (23.3%) shock, and 11(25.6%) fever with inflammatory markers. The median age was 8 years, most men, without comorbidity, with negative molecular test and positive IgG. Gastrointestinal and mucocutaneous manifestations predominated, with altered inflammatory markers and myocardial injury. Most required intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), aspirin (AAS), corticosteroids and antibiotics. More than a third required VMI, ICU and developed organic dysfunction, with a lethality of 4.6% (2/43). Increasing lethality to 20% (2/10) in the shock subgroup. Five were found (14.7%) coronary aneurysm. Having some comorbidity (RR 1.79; IC95%1.02-3.14), C-reactive protein ≥ 10 mg/dL (RR 2.09; IC95%1.15-3.79), and SatO2 ≤92 in emergency (RR 2.84; IC95%1.47-5.50) was morelikely to betransferred to ICU. In addition, those with some comorability (RR 2.23; IC95%1.04-4.79), with lymphopenia <500cel/mL (RR 2.8; IC95%1.24-6.30), and with d≥ 3 mg/L (RR 3.57; IC95%1.23-10.38) were more likely to require VMI. Conclusion: Active monitoringis an eye to make early diagnosis and management in order to improve the prognosis.
Incidence of a clinically relevant H63D syndrome in carriers of a homozygous mutation of HFE gene H63D
Authors: Diamandis Carolina , Seideman David , Adams Jacob S. , Honda Riku , Kaufmann Marianne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
H63D syndrome is a phenotype of a homozygous mutation of the HFE gene H63D, which is otherwise known to cause at most mild classical hemochromatosis. H63D syndrome leads to an iron overload in the body (especially in the brain, heart, liver, skin and male gonads) in the form of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) poisoning. Hallmark symptoms and causal factor for H63D syndrome is a mild hypotransferrinemia with transferrin saturation values >50%. H63D syndrome is an incurable multi-organ disease, leading to permanent disability. Our objective was to find out how many carriers of a homozygous H63D mutation develop H63D syndrome. For this purpose, we systematically evaluated the medical records of homozygous carriers of the mutation. We found the syndrome in about 10% of patients with a homozygous mutation. Since a homozygous mutation on the HFE gene H63D is relatively common, the results of our study suggest many undetected or misdiagnosed cases.
Caspian Sea level based on GRACE-FO
Authors: Sorkhabi Omid Memarian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The level of the Caspian Sea has decreased by about 13 cm in 2019. In this study, the Caspian Sea level has been studied based on GRACE-FO observations from 2018 to 2021. Its linear trend has been analyzed to examine it more closely. The linear trend is about -8 cm / year.
TRANSFORMATION OF RUKYATUL HILAL METHOD (Postmodernism Analysis of Hilal Image Processing)
Authors: Mustaqim Riza Afrian 
Published: May 2021

The usage of devices in performing of rukyat al-hilâl whose function is to make objects (hilāl) from outer space appear as bright, contrasty and large as possible isnot direcly give a solution. The view of fiqh on using devices in rukyat al-hilâl become an obstacle in the development of the rukyat method with technology. The technology of rukyat al-hilâl is improving rapidly and developing significantly, in reverse with it’s legal developments. Therefore, there must be a transformation of the rukyat al-hilâl method as well as development of the times, without leaving it’s validity to fiqh. This study analyzes the views of postmodernism in hilal image processing. This research focuses on hilal images processing in the view of postmodernism. The research method used was library research with descriptive analysis. The results show that first, postmodernism considers that image processing is a development of method in rukyat al-hilâl that is needed. This is caused by limitations in the current method that has not been able to provide a solution, but the use of technology in rukyat should not leave its validity according to fiqh. Second, Restrictions on using devices in rukyat al-hilâl will obstruct it's main purpose which is to confirm the existence of the new moon and blocked the broadest development opportunities as a form of subjectivity and a plurality of knowledge.
Risk of adenovirus and Cryptosporidium ingestion to sanitation workers in a municipal scale non-sewered sanitation process: a case study from Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Sklar Rachel , Zhou Zeyi , Ndayisaba Wellars , Muspratt Ashley , Fuhrmeister Erica R. , Nelson Kara , Katharine Hammond S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sanitation workers provide essential services that protect public health, often at the cost of their own health and safety. In this study, we evaluate occupational exposure to fecal pathogens at each stage in a non-sewered sanitation process. Bulk fecal waste samples were collected during waste collection and waste processing tasks and analyzed for Cryptosporidium, adenovirus, E. coli, and total coliforms using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and culture methods. Structured observations of worker hand-to-mouth behavior were conducted, and worker hand- and glove-rinse samples were collected and analyzed for E. coli and total coliforms. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to model the dose of pathogen ingested and the risk of disease across two waste collection and processing tasks. The model results show that the probability of disease was highest from exposure to adenovirus during collection. Our analysis highlights that pathogen-to-indicator ratios are useful for predicting the risk to adenovirus which has a high detection rate. On the other hand, the use of pathogen-to-indicator ratios to predict Cryptosporidium concentration is fraught due to variable detection rates and concentration.
Evaluation of the benefit of practically operating reverse osmosis system in the factory: taking the recycling of KI solution and water of the screen polarizing plate as an example
Authors: Tseng Shih-feng , Lo Chien-Ming , Hung Chun-hsiung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the advocacy of the circular economy and the rising awareness of environmental protection, energy saving, water saving and carbon reduction have become important topics for discussion today. The high-tech semiconductor, photoelectric, solar and other electronic industries involve high energy and water consumption. In addition to responding to the energy saving, water saving and carbon reduction, one of the main purposes of this system development is to reduce the use of materials and make the process chemicals reusable. In the practical factory operation, a large amount of water is used in the polarization process, and the wastewater generated in etching and pickling is discharged continuously. In order to recycle the water discharging from the manufacturing process, the reverse osmosis membrane system (RO membrane system) is often used for wastewater recycling. In this study, the KI waste liquid discharging from the process of a polarizing plate factory was concentrated with anti-fouling RO membrane. The quantity and arrangement of RO system membranes were simulated and designed with software, and the results, such as water volumes and pressures of inflow and outflow water for the membrane, changes of membrane pressure difference (ΔP), changes of permeating water quality, chemical cleaning frequency and water collection time, were discussed and the optimal parameters of RO membrane, such as the best water collection volume and time, chemical cleaning frequency, best concentration, time and temperature matching with cleaning in process (CIP) were inferred so as to improve the stability of the RO membrane system, enable RO permeating water to enter the water purifying system for reuse, reduce the treatment cost of wastewater recycle and improve the permeating water output efficiency of treatment equipment, accommodating effective utilization of water resources and economic benefits and to sustainable development of the industry.
Notch Signalling: A Potential Therapeutic Pathway in Oral Squamous
Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pandey Ankit , Bhuvanadas Sreeshma , Joseph Joel P. , Jayaraj Rama , Devi Arikketh 
Published: May 2021

:
Cancer, a set of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth resulting from alteration
in the expression pattern of diverse genes, is one of the prominent causes of mortality and morbidity
worldwide. This modification of various genes leads to altered signalling cascades and changes
in the molecular network. These changes eventually give rise to cellular dysfunction and then to
systemic failure causing death. Of the several pathways that are aberrantly activated in cancer,
Notch signalling pathway is a prominent one. Notch signalling pathway is a juxtracrine signalling
pathway which activates the genes associated with cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis.
Notch signalling pathway components are seen to be upregulated in several types of cancer. Oral
squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a predominant category of oral cancer where aberrant activation
of Notch signalling causes tumour progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the
Notch signalling pathway, its components, forms and its role in the progression and metastasis of
oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Occurrence of DAT1 (VNTR) Polymorphism in Individuals with HIV Infection
Authors: Singh HariOm , Lata Sonam 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been reported to make changes in the
functioning of dopaminergic neurons by altering the expression of dopamine active transporter
(DAT). ART containing efavirenz drug has been related to show the adverse reactions on the central
nervous system (CNS). Reported literature indicates the correlation of DAT19/10 genotype
with the risk of progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the polymorphism in the human gene DAT1, including
variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) from individuals having an infection of HIV.

Methods:
Genotyping was completed by performing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a total
of 165 HIV-positive patients on ART treatment (34 were HIV-infected patients with hepatotoxicity,
131 HIV-infected patients) and 160 healthy controls without HIV infection.

Results:
Incidence of DAT19/9, 8/9 genotypes, and allele with 9 repeats were higher in individuals
having hepatotoxicity compared to those who do not have hepatotoxicity (5.9 vs. 0.8%, OR = 7.73;
2.9 vs. 0.8%, OR = 3.86; 20.58% vs. 14.12%, OR = 1.56). DAT19/10 genotype was related to severity
of hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.86; P = 0.05). Upon comparison of genotype between individuals
who do not have hepatotoxicity but had HIV infection and healthy controls without HIV infection,
the dispersion of DAT1 10/11, 6/10 genotypes were greater in individuals with HIV infection
(1.5% vs. 0.6%, OR = 2.73; 3.1% vs. 1.3%, OR = 2.73). DAT19/10 genotype was related to the people
of advanced stage of HIV infection (OR = 2.05, P = 0.04). A higher incidence of DAT19/10
genotype was found in individuals with early stage of HIV infection than healthy controls (26.3 vs.
15.6%, OR = 1.93). In alcohol and tobacco consuming individuals with HIV infection and hepatotoxicity,
DAT19/10 genotype has demonstrated hazard in the progression of HIV infection and an
increased severity of hepatotoxic condition (OR = 1.40, P = 0.91, OR = 1.50; P = 0.91 and OR =
1.57, P = 0.39; OR = 2.70; P = 0.53). In patients with hepatotoxicity, nevirapine utilization with
DAT19/10 genotype demonstrated an increase in severity of hepatotoxicity (OR = 4.00, P = 0.41).
In individuals with HIV infection and hepatotoxicity, alcohol and nevirapine usage, along with
DAT1 9/10 genotype, indicated a risk for progression of HIV infection and severity of hepatotoxicity
(OR = 1.47, P = 0.85; OR = 1.73; P = 0.32).

Conclusion:
The genetic polymorphism with DAT19/10 genotype was linked with the progression
of HIV infection and in the advancement of HIV-related illnesses.
COVİD-19: Pediatrik Açıdan Bakış
Authors: Gümüş Meltem , Gümüştekin Reyhan , Ergani Anna Carina , Emiroğlu Halil Haldun 
Published: May 2021

Son yılların en büyük küresel problemi haline gelen COVİD-19 Pandemisi ile birlikte ülkemizde ve dünyada toplumsal yaşam,eğitim, sağlık, ekonomi, iktisadi ve idari düzende hızlı ve güçlü değişiklikler ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm insanlığın varlığını tehdit eden bu durum hem günümüz hem de gelecek düşüncelerimizi değiştirmiştir. Etkili yöntemlere rağmen vaka ve yoğun bakım tedavi ihtiyacı olan hasta sayısı azalmakla beraber devam etmektedir. Çocuklarda COVID-19’un erişkinlere göre daha nadir ve daha hafif seyrettiği gözlenmiştir. Ancak günümüz bilgilerine göre çocuklarla ilgili tedavi önerileri erişkin çalışmalarına göre ve çocuk hastanın durumuna göre planlanmalıdır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında yaşanan pandemi sürecinin çocuklara olası etkileri ile ilgili durum literatür eşliğinde ele alınmıştır.
An Overview of the Treatment Options Used for the Management of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Akhtar Hashaam , Akhtar Samar , Rahman Fazal-Ul , Afridi Maham , Khalid Sundas , Ali Sabahat , Akhtar Nasim , Khader Yousef S , Ahmad Hamaad , Khan Muhammad Mujeeb 
Published: May 2021

Background
Since the first reports of COVID-19 infection, the foremost requirement has been to identify a treatment regimen that not only fights the causative agent but also controls the associated complications of the infection. Due to the time-consuming process of drug discovery, physicians have used readily available drugs and therapies for treatment of infections to minimize the death toll.

Objective
The aim of this study is to provide a snapshot analysis of the major drugs used in a cohort of 1562 Pakistani patients during the period from May to July 2020, when the first wave of COVID-19 peaked in Pakistan.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was performed to provide an overview of the major drugs used in a cohort of 1562 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the four major tertiary-care hospitals in the Rawalpindi-Islamabad region of Pakistan during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in the country (May-July 2020).

Results
Antibiotics were the most common choice out of all the therapies employed, and they were used as first line of treatment for COVID-19. Azithromycin was the most prescribed drug for treatment. No monthly trend was observed in the choice of antibiotics, and these drugs appeared to be a random but favored choice throughout the months of the study. It was also noted that even antibiotics used for multidrug resistant infections were prescribed irrespective of the severity or progression of the infection. The results of the analysis are alarming, as this approach may lead to antibiotic resistance and complications in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. A total of 1562 patients (1064 male, 68.1%, and 498 female, 31.9%) with a mean age of 47.35 years (SD 17.03) were included in the study. The highest frequency of patient hospitalizations occurred in June (846/1562, 54.2%).

Conclusions
Guidelines for a targeted treatment regime are needed to control related complications and to limit the misuse of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19.
Pelatihan Manajemen Transportasi Dalam Upaya Menciptakan Efisiensi Tata Kelola Jaringan Trayek Dan Sumber Daya Manusia Pada Masyarakat Di Kawasan Pantura Kabupaten Lamongan
Authors: Lubis Zulkifli , Afandi Randi Bachtiar , Sustroyorini Emalia Nova 
Published: May 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelayanan angkutan umum, tingkat efesiensi penggunaan angkutan umum, Jaringan Trayek angkutan umum di Kecamatan Paciran dan Kecamatan Brondong. Fokus pelaksanaan ini pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Lamongan, Babat, Paciran dan Brondong yang dapat menggunakan transportasi massal dengan cepat dan aman. Lokasi Pelaksanaan ini meliputi Paciran dan Brondong. Sumber data menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan studi literatur dan studi lapangan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil pengamatan di Wilayah pusat kota di kedua kota tersebut memiliki tingkat kepadatan yang relatif tinggi, namun laju pertumbuhan penduduk di pusat Kota Lamongan masih bertambah walaupun memiliki tingkat kepadatan yang jauh lebih tinggi, Trayek cabang kecamatan yang dilayani oleh armada jenis MPU cenderung tidak berkembang, Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa permintaan angkutan umum di Kabupaten Lamongan relative tidak menyebar. Efesiensi penggunaan angkutan umum di kecamatan Lamongan, Kecamatan Babat, Kecamatan Paciran dan Kecamatan Brondong sudah memenuhi standard. Jaringan trayek angkutan umum cabang kecamatan yang dilayani oleh armada jenis MPU cenderung tidak berkembang, Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa permintaan angkutan umum di Kabupaten Lamongan relative tidak menyebar. Trayek ranting dikedua kota tersebut tidak dapat disamakan, karena keduanya memiliki zona pelayanan yang berbeda.
Literasi Digital untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Biaya dan Akuntabilitas serta Transparansi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran pada Masa New Normal
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Saudagar Ferdiaz , Yudi Yudi , Rahayu Rahayu , Ridwan Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Tuntutan atas pemanfaatan fasilitas teknologi berbasis distance learning selama periode new normal yang diakibatkan oleh pandemi covid 19 terus meningkat. Proses belajar mengajar dapat lebih dioptimalkan apabila guru dapat memahami berbagai fasilitas teknologi digital yang membantu/ mengakomodir kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis distance learning. Namun, fenomena di lapangan menunjukkan sebagian besar guru khususnya pada tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama, memiliki pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang masih terbatas terhadap literasi digital. Selain itu, guru, orang tua dan siswa juga menghadapi kendala terkait biaya, perangkat dan akuntabilitas serta transparansi penilaian proses pembelajaran dengan literasi digital. Program pengabdian masyarakat (PPM) ini adalah berupa kegiatan Pelatihan literasi teknologi digital bagi guru SMP untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar dan mengajar yang efisien dan efektif. Implikasi dari kegiatan ini pemerintah dan akademisi perlu terus memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan terkait pemanfaatan teknologi baik kepada guru, orang tua maupun siswa sehingga dapat meningkatkan literasi digital dalam proses pembelajaran.