bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicological Evaluation of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hADSCs) and hADSCs-derived Exosomes
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhao Bo , Zhang Xin-Liao , Lu Yi-jun , Cheng Jian , Fu Yu , Zhang Ning-Yan , Li Pei-Xin , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are considered an ideal source of cells for regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells derived-exosomes (MSC-Exos) are being opined as new cell-free therapeutics for numerous human diseases. For future clinical applications, the safety of allogenic hADSCs and hADSCs-derived exosomes (hADSCs-Exos) needs to be addressed and verified in pre-clinical animal models. This study sought to evaluate the toxicity of hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos by performing in vivo and in vitro toxicological assessments.Methods: We used IVIS to track the biodistribution of GFP-labeled hADSCs and the PKH26-labeled in a mouse model. The tumorigenicity of hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos was analyzed by soft agar colony formation assay and nude mice tumorigenicity test in vitro and in vivo. The acute animal toxicity and allergenicity test were used to explore the toxicological proﬁle of hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos in mice.Results: We found that hADSCs-Exos accumulated faster in the tissues of mice and were also cleared more rapidly compared to hADSCs. Both hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos have little risk of tumorigenicity, and hADSCs-Exos had lower toxicity and lower immunogenicity than hADSCs.Conclusion: Our study is the first to compare the safety between hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos, and revealed that hADSCs-Exos are safer for application as systemic therapy, without complications in toxicological assessment, and have a better prospective utility as a treatment agent and for drug delivery.
HMGA1 Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis By Inhibiting SOX9
Authors: Liu Yaxiu , Tang Yao , Fu Hui , Fu Shuang , Zheng Xinbin , Ma Yeshuo , Yin Deling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as an anti-tumor drug with severe cardiotoxicity, encephalotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and so on, especially cardiotoxicity, which severely limit its application. Researchers have extensively studied the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity needs to be further evaluated. Studies reveal that High-mobility group AT-hook1 (HMGA1) and Sex-determining-region-Y (SRY)-related HMG box-containing protein 9 (SOX9) contribute to caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, but whether HMGA1 and SOX9 participate in caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis remains unknown. This study was performed to investigate whether HMGA1 and SOX9 participate in DOX-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis induced by DOX in vitro, and to reveal the molecular mechanisms of HMGA1 and SOX9 in regulating DOX-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis via caspase/GSDME pathway. Results showed that the expression of HMGA1 is significantly up-regulated while SOX9 is down-regulated in HL-1 cells after DOX treatment. We found that both inhibition of HMGA1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression of SOX9 by transfection of SOX9 plasmid significantly promote cardiomyocyte pyroptosis induced by DOX. In addition, HMGA1 interacts with SOX9. Finally, our results show that silencing SOX9 reverses cardiomyocyte pyroptosis induced by silencing HMGA1 after DOX treatment.
Advanced Cryptography &amp; Block Chain Based Cloud Environment for Secured E-Health Record
Authors: A Sonya , G Kavitha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There has been noteworthy issues that must be tackled by the healthcare sector along with handling the security concerns that are intensely linked with offering of healthcare services, inculcating novel electronic healthcare systems, and secure data communication with different healthcare and government institutions. These security related concerns project several privacy preserving methodologies pertaining to the privacy and security of EHRs (electronic health records) in the cloud. The EHRs comprises of information related to demographics, medical histories, digital images, medications, lab reports, billing details and other sensitive patient information. All this sensitive patient information is kept highly secured and resides in third party servers with definite access controlling mechanism. The conventional system employs various cryptography algorithm for authorization, encryption, decryption, key generation and validation algorithms. There is proposal of a new cryptography algorithm for combating the limitations of AES, RSA and ABS. For securing the healthcare data residing in the cloud, the research presents effective utilization of new hybrid cryptography algorithm and Blockchain technology with smart contract. Unlike the prevailing three cryptographic algorithms, the proposed algorithm offers enhanced time, accuracy, efficiency and key generation and performance. Overall, there is a drastic transformation in securing the healthcare records using the proposed approach.
A Turkish Plague Tale: Dying Healthcare Workers in Pandemics
Authors: NESANIR Nasir , KARCIOGLU Ozgur , BAHADIR Alican , FINCANCI Sebnem KORUR 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study is to analyze the data obtained in the pandemics to highlight the picture that emerged in the struggle against the disease in Turkey, with special emphasis on the deaths of healthcare workers (HCW). Methods: In this report, the age, gender, province and institution of employment, distribution of death by months, occupation, chronic disease status, and death rates by occupation of 403 active HCW who died due to COVID-19 disease from the beginning of the epidemic until May 31, 2021 were evaluated. Results: A majority (n=351, 87.1%) of the HCW who lost their lives due to COVID-19 are male. More than one third (36.0%) of all COVID-19 deaths in HCW are physicians; 13.2% (n=53) was pharmacists and 6.0% (n=24) was nurses and midwives. Working in private sector is overrepresented in deaths. Death due to COVID-19 is 8.32 per 10,000 among physicians; 13.78 in male physicians; while only 0.56 in female physicians. Mortality among HCW has slowed down since the vaccine was introduced.Conclusions: Deaths that have occurred or may occur due to COVID-19 are mostly preventable deaths. Deceased HCW are significantly younger than all COVID-19 deaths, which suggests that HCW have not been protected necessarily. Likewise, the number of deaths among blue-collar workers in healthcare is more frequent in those younger than 50 years old is an indication of the class nature of the pandemic. Trial registration: The article has not been pre-registered because it does not include reports of a health care intervention on human participants.
Parturients Perception of Care Providers Attitude Towards Women During Labour And Delivery In Southwest Cameroon
Authors: Tankeng Clovis Achassi , Halle-Ekane Gregory , Mokom Alfred Awa , Ngunyi Yannick Lechedem , Wambo André Gaetan Simo , Ngouakam Hermann , Yenshu Emmanuel Vubo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The period of labour and childbirth for women is a delicate moment and predisposes them to disrespectful care which has been reported in many countries. In Cameroon, data which could help in formulating policies to modify these attitudes is rare.Objectives: To assess parturients’ perception on the respect and disrespect of women by care providers as well as determining the prevalence, types and predisposing factors of physical and verbal abuse during labour and delivery, in the Buea and Limbe Regional hospitals, Cameroon. Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in Buea and Limbe Regional hospitals from February 15th to April 20th 2021. It involved parturients aged between 15 and 45 in their first eight weeks post-delivery. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and the collected data was entered into and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Dependent variables were dichotomized and a bivariate logistic regression model was fitted to obtain the determinants of mistreatments during labour and delivery, while Chi-squared test was used to establish association between socio-demographic characteristics and care categories. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We sampled 274 parturients aged between 15 and 42 (mean=26.69yrs and SD= + 5.34). Sixty-nine (25.18%) of the respondents reported at least a physical and/or verbal mistreatment. The most common physical and verbal mistreatments were abdominal fundal pressure to facilitate expulsion and scolding. Muslims were more likely to report insult. Parturients perceived both respectful and disrespectful forms of care.Conclusion: Disrespectful care during labour and delivery may not be uncommon in our country as suggested by the findings in this study. There is need for development of interventions to address the drivers of disrespect and abuse which will encourage clients’ future facility utilization. More studies are needed in other areas of the country to support this evidence.
Identifying Child Anxiety Through Schools-Identification to Intervention (iCATS-i2i): Protocol for Single-Arm Feasibility Trial
Authors: Reardon Tessa , Ball Susan , Breen Maria , Brown Paul , Day Emily , Ford Tamsin , Gray Alastair , Green Iheoma , Hill Claire , Jasper Bec , King Thomas , Larkin Michael , Macdonald Ian , Morgan Fran , Pollard Jack , Sancho Michelle , Sniehotta Falko F , Spence Susan H , Stallard Paul , Stainer Jason , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Violato Mara , Williams Chloe , Williamson Victoria , Creswell Cathy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are common among primary-school aged children, but few affected children receive evidence-based treatment. Identifying and supporting children who experience anxiety problems through schools would address substantial treatment access barriers that families and school staff often face. We have worked with families and school staff to co-design procedures that incorporate screening, feedback for parents, and the offer of a brief intervention in primary schools. This study sets out to assess the feasibility of a subsequent school-based cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate these procedures. Our objectives are to ensure our procedures for identifying and supporting children with anxiety difficulties through primary schools are acceptable and there are no negative impacts, to estimate recruitment and retention rates, and to identify any changes needed to study procedures or measures. Methods: We will recruit six primary/junior schools in England (2 classes per school), and invite all children (aged 8-9) (n=360) and their parent/carer and class teacher in participating classes to take part. Children, parents and class teachers will complete questionnaires at baseline and 12-week follow-up. Children who ‘screen positive’ on a 2-item parent-report child anxiety screen at baseline will be the target population (expected n=43). Parents receive feedback on screening questionnaire responses, and where the child screens positive the family is offered support (OSI: Online Support and Intervention for child anxiety). OSI is a brief, parent-led online intervention, supported by short telephone sessions with a Children’s Wellbeing Practitioner. Participants’ experiences of study procedures will be assessed through qualitative interviews/discussion groups. Discussion: Evidence-based procedures for identifying and supporting children with anxiety difficulties through primary schools would improve children’s access to timely, effective intervention for anxiety difficulties.Trial registration: ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN30032471. Retrospectively registered on 18.5.2021. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN30032471
Inverse Association Between Age and Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Early Gastric Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Analysis
Authors: Wang Weijun , Pang Suya , Wang Zeyu , Jiang Xin , Lin Rong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that young patients with gastric cancer (GC) are at a more advanced stage and have poor survival, but the cause is still unclear. And the prognosis of GC is closely related to Lymph node metastasis (LNM). It has been reported that age and LNM of superficial colorectal cancer are inversely proportional, but the relationship between age and prognosis in early gastric cancer (EGC) is currently unclear. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between age and the risk of LNM in EGC.Materials and Methods: We screened out patients with EGC who underwent surgery from the SEER research database from 1975 to 2016, and retrospectively analyzed the proportion of LNM in different age groups. The correlation between age and LNM was examined using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: We included 9231 patients with EGC, and divided into 18-39 years old (2.3%), 40-49 (6.1%), 50-59 years old (15.7%), 60-69 years old (24.8%), 70-79 years old (27.2%) and ≥89 years old (23.9%) age group, and the proportions of lymph node metastasis were 20.3%, 23.3%, 21.0%, 19.8%, 18.1%, and 13.2 %. We found that as the age increases, the risk of LNM and postoperative survival time of EGC patients decrease (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study found that age in patients with EGC was inversely related to the risk of LNM, and positively correlated with postoperative survival. For older patients with EGC, endoscopic treatment is more appropriate. For young patients with EGC, LNM should be considered when choosing endoscopic treatment.
Association of body mass index and hypoglycemia with mortality rates among sepsis patients: a retrospective sub-analysis of the FORECAST Study
Authors: Tanikawa Atsushi , Kudo Daisuke , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We assessed the influence of admission hypoglycemia on mortality in sepsis patients according to body mass index (BMI). We included 1,184 patients (age ≥ 16 years) with severe sepsis diagnosed using Sepsis-2 criteria. The outcome was in-hospital mortality. Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the association between hypoglycemia and in-hospital mortality. Overall, 1,103 patients were analyzed. Patients were divided into groups according to the initial blood glucose level, i.e., < 70 (hypoglycemia) or ≥ 70 (non-hypoglycemia) mg/dL, and BMI, i.e., < 18.5 (low), 18.5–24.9 (normal), or ≥ 25 (high) kg/m2. Hypoglycemia was noted in 65 patients, with low (n = 13), normal (n = 38), and high BMI (n = 14). Hypoglycemia patients showed higher in-hospital mortality than those without in the normal BMI group but not in the low and high BMI groups. In multivariate logistic regression, hypoglycemia was non-significantly associated with higher mortality in all patients (p = 0.268). However, there was a significant interaction between normal BMI patients and hypoglycemia on in-hospital mortality but not between low or high BMI patients and hypoglycemia (p = 0.0476). Hypoglycemia at admission in sepsis patients was associated with high mortality in normal BMI patients but not in low or high BMI patients. This association may be used as a prognostic marker in sepsis patients.
β-adrenergic Receptor Inhibition Enhances Oncolytic Herpes Virus Propagation Through STAT3 Activation in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hu Jiali , Lu Ruitao , Zhang Yu , Li Wei , Hu Qian , Chen Cuiyu , Liu Zhaoqian , Zhang Wei , Chen Ling , Xu Ran , Luo Jia , McLeod Howard L. , He Yijing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOncolytic viruses (OVs) are considered a promising therapeutic alternative for cancer. However, OVs could activate the host innate immunity, then impair the viral propagation in tumor cells. In this study, we explored the effect of propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker , on the antitumor efficacy of T1012G virus in gastric cancer models.Results Cell viability assay detected a 97.9% decrease of T1012G IC50 in HGC-27 when it was pretreated with propranolol along with a 7-fold increase of virus titers compared with T1012G only group (P < 0.001). Moreover, propranolol pretreatment caused sustained tumor regression (335.3± 36.92 mm3 vs. 1118 ± 210.0 mm3, P<0.01) and enhanced the viral propagation (4-fold increase, P < 0.01) compared with T1012G only group. Propranolol pretreatment significantly enhanced the p-STAT3 (2.9-fold, P<0.05) and suppressed p-PKR (65.94% ± 10.11%, P<0.05) compared with T1012G only group. In addition, propranolol could counteract IFN-α/β-mediated inhibition of viral propagation (compared with IFNα: 5.1-fold, P<0.001; IFNβ: 4.6-fold, P<0.01) or enhancement of PKR activation (IFNα: 92.57% ± 1.77%, P<0.001, IFNβ: 99.34%± 0.13% decrease, P<0.001). Conclusions In summary, β-blocker pretreatment could improve the propagation and therapeutic efficacy of T1012G in human gastric cancer by regulating STAT3-PKR signaling cascade, even in the presence of type I IFNs . These data support new strategies of improving the efficacy of OVs in gastric cancer.
Macrophages-Derived, LRG1-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Exacerbate Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy Via A TGFβR1-Dependent Manner
Authors: Jiang Wenjuan , Dong Jiahui , Du Changlin , Xu Chuanting , Xu Songbing , Feng Rui , Huang Cheng , Li Jun , Ma Taotao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by some herbal medicines, but treatment remains ineffective. We previously found NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4), which regulates oxidative stress, play an important role in kidney injury model. However, its regulatory mechanism of action in AAN is still obscure. In this study, we established AAN model in vivo, a co-culture system of macrophage and TEC, and macrophage/TEC conditioned media culture model in vitro respectively. We found macrophages infiltration promoted injury，oxidative stress and apoptosis of TEC. Furthermore, the role of macrophage in AAN was dependent on macrophages-derived EV. Importantly, we found that macrophages-derived, Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1(LRG1)-enriched EV induced TEC injury and apoptosis of via a TGFβR1-dependent process. Mechanistically, macrophages-derived, LRG1-enriched EV mediating TECs injury by upregulating NOX4 in AAN model. This study may help design a better therapeutic strategy to treat AAN patients.
Lumbar Epidural Metastasis of Breast Cancer Resembling Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Fukunaga Takanori , Umegaki Masao , Bamba Yohei , Tsuchida Yasuaki , Ninomiya Koshi , Matsumoto Katsumi , Kishima Haruhiko , Sasaki Manabu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 49-year-old woman who had breast cancer suffered from left leg pain. Initial MRI indicated lumbar disc herniation compressing S1 nerve root. The pain was uncontrollable with conservative treatments and she underwent surgical decompression. Intraoperative findings showed that left S1 nerve root was compressed by soft and gray tumor locating ventrally. We resected the tumor and S1 nerve root was adequately decompressed. Bone tissue around the tumor was intact, and there was no finding of bone metastasis. Pathological examination demonstrated adenocarcinoma as same as original breast cancer. We should constantly consider differential diagnosis as metastatic lesion in case of malignancy.
Multivariate Analysis of Psychosomatic Complaints as Predictors of Conduct Problems in Swedish Adolescents
Authors: Brooks Samantha Jane , Titova Olga E , Ashworth Emma , Bylund Simon BA , Feldman Inna , Schiöth Helgi B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Conduct disorders may be linked to common physical conditions in childhood and adolescence, and are often under reported during mainstream school years, which may lead to more serious mental health concerns in adulthood. The aim of the study was to examine the link between specific psychosomatic complaints and adolescent conduct problems. Methods: 3,132 Swedish adolescents (age range 15-18 years, 47% boys) completed the Uppsala Life and Health Cross-Sectional Survey (LHS) at school. LHS question scores were grouped in alliance with DSM-5 conduct disorder criteria and psychosomatic complaints (PSC). Multivariate analyses assessed the effects of PSC, age, and gender on conduct problem scores.Results: Main effects of gender; age; and PSC were observed. Adolescents with higher PSC scores had higher conduct problem scores. In reference to DSM-5 conduct disorder sub-categories, gender, age, and self-reported PSC were associated with increased conduct problems across all domains. Specifically, boys had higher serious violation of rules scores than girls, particularly older boys with higher PSC scores. Conclusions: These findings suggest that measures of psychosomatic complaints can be used to identify children at risk of developing conduct disorders in the future, to help raise the likelihood of a healthy life into adulthood.
Epidemiology and Determinants of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Preventing COVID-19 Positive Patients at Southern Tigray Ethiopia: A Facility Based Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Mohammed Abdukadir Nigus , Berhe Reda Haddish , Said Said Mussa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The novel corona virus is a serious health problem world widely and is spreading in an immune naive population. Deaths are rising sharply, and health systems are under strain. There are confirmed cases of the virus in Ethiopia that found to have the problem. Therefore, the present study intended to assess epidemiology and determinant of knowledge, attitude, and practice of preventing COVID-19 positive patients at Southern Tigray Ethiopia.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 6, to October 26, 2020 in selected health care facilities of south Tigray. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed. Descriptive statistics were employed to describe the characteristics of the cross-section and to estimate the prevalence of clients having knowledge, attitude and practice of prevention. Bivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression.Results: A total of 170 COVID-19 positive patients were involved and eligible on the survey with the response rate of 98%. Of these participants, 106(62.4%) were male. Over half (51.2%) of the COVID-19 positive patients had good knowledge on transmission of COVID-19; about 64.4% had more accurate knowledge on prevention; ; about 62.9% had more positive attitude on prevention; and about half, 47.1% had poor practices of the precautionary measures against COVID-19. Participants who had more accurate knowledge for preventing COVID-19and more positive attitude of preventing COVID-19were 95%times (AOR=0.05, 95% CI =0.012 – 0.18) and 68% (AOR=0.32, 95% CI = 0.1 - 1.02) less likely, respectively, to implement the precautionary measures of COVID-19.Conclusion: Our findings suggest the need for effective and tailored health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge, thereby leading to more favorable attitudes and to implementation and maintenance of safe practices.