bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism on human aromatase affects protein dynamics and substrate binding: spectroscopic evidence.
Authors: Nardo Giovanna Di , Venere Almerinda Di , Zhang Chao , Nicolai Eleonora , Castrignanò Silvia , Paola Luisa Di , Gilardi Gianfranco , Mei Giampiero 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Human aromatase is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, involved in steroid hormones biosynthesis. In particular, it converts androgen into estrogens being therefore responsible for the correct sex steroids balance. Due to its capacity in producing estrogens it has also been considered as a promising target for breast cancer therapy. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (R264C and R264H) have been shown to alter aromatase activity and they have been associated to an increased or decreased risk for estrogen-dependent pathologies. Here, the effect of these mutations on the protein dynamics is investigated by UV/FTIR and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. H/D exchange rates were measured by FTIR for the three proteins in the ligand-free, substrate- and inhibitor-bound forms and the data indicate that the wild-type enzyme undergoes a conformational change leading to a more compact tertiary structure upon substrate or inhibitor binding. Indeed, the H/D exchange rates are decreased when a ligand is present. In the variants, the exchange rates in the ligand-free and –bound forms are similar, indicating that a structural change is lacking, despite the single amino acid substitution is located in the peripheral shell of the protein molecule. Moreover, the fluorescence lifetimes data show that the quenching effect on tryptophan-224 observed upon ligand binding in the wild-type, is absent in both variants. Since this residue is located in the catalytic pocket, these findings suggest that substrate entrance and/or retention in the active site is partially compromised in both mutants. A contact network analysis demonstrates that the protein structure is organized in two main clusters, whose connectivity is altered by ligand binding, especially in correspondence of helix-G, where the amino acid substitutions occur. Our findings demonstrate that SNPs resulting in mutations on aromatase surface modify the protein flexibility that is required for substrate binding and catalysis. The cluster analysis provides a rationale for such effect, suggesting helix G as a possible target for aromatase inhibition.
Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose from Albizia lebbeck sawdust and their application in nanocomposites using poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
Authors: Sultana Shahin , Reja Mohammad Mahbub , Hilary Lutfun Naher , Islam Muhammad Saiful , Uddin Mohammad Zamsed , Ajmo Walliullah Md. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The nanocellulose and its nanocomposites have significant importance in the most economic sectors of applications. This research involves the synthesis of nanocellulose from Albizia lebbeck wood sawdust. Quantitative evaluations of chemical components present in the sawdust of a native hardwood species Albizia lebbeck were determined by chemical analysis method. The results revealed that the approximate amount of hot water extractives, 96% ethanol extractives, alpha-cellulose, hollocellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash content were 6.9%, 7.31%, 40.72%, 65.10%, 24.38%, 25.67%, and 1.10% respectively. Nanocellulose was synthesized from the extracted alpha-cellulose by acid hydrolysis method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations have been done for Albizia lebbeck sawdust, extracted alpha-cellulose and synthesized nanocellulose respectively. The average diameter of synthesized nanocellulose was found 155.6 nm by particle size analyzer. Nanocellulose with different weight percentages (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) were reinforced with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to prepare nanocomposites by solution casting method. The thermal stability of pure PVC, nanocellulose and 2wt% nanocellulose–PVC nanocomposite was investigated and the result revealed that 2 wt% nanocellulose reinforced PVC nanocomposites is thermally more stable than the nanocellulose and pure PVC. The tensile properties of all nanocomposites were counducted by universal testing machine (UTM) and the highest tensile strength was obtained for 2 wt% nanocellulose reinforced PVC nanocomposites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of 2 wt% nanocellulose reinforced PVC nanocomposites also exhibited the uniformly dispersion of nanocelulose in nanocomposite.
Workload is Associated with the Occurrence of Non-Contact Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Khalili Sara Mahmoudzadeh , Zamorano Angel Denche , Bowman Thomas G. , Adsuar Jose Carmelo , Perez-Gomez Jorge , Granacher Urs 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Injuries in professional soccer are a significant concern for teams, and they are, mostly, caused by high training load. This cohort study described the relationship between workload parameters with the occurrence of non-contact injuries, during weeks with high and low workload in professional soccer players throughout the season.Methods: Twenty-one professional soccer players aged 28.3±3.9 yrs. who competed in the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League participated in this 48-week study. The external load was monitored using global positioning system (GPS, GPSPORTS Systems Pty Ltd) and the type of injury was documented by the team's medical staff daily. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated for non-contact injuries for high- and low-load weeks according to acute (AW), chronic (CW), acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR), and AW variation (Δ-Acute) values. By using Poisson distribution, the interval between previous and new injuries were estimated.Results: Overall, 12 non-contact injuries occurred during high load and 9 during low load weeks. Based on the variables ACWR and Δ-AW, there was a significantly increased risk of sustaining non-contact injuries (p < 0.05) during high-load weeks for ACWR (OR: 4.67), and Δ-AW (OR: 4.07). Finally, the expected time between injuries was significantly shorter in high load weeks for ACWR [1.25 vs 3.33, rate ratio time (RRT)] and Δ-AW [1.33 vs 3.45, RRT] respectively, compared to low load weeks.Conclusion: The risk of sustaining injuries was significantly larger during high workload weeks for ACWR, and Δ-AW compared with low workload weeks. The high numbers for OR in high load weeks indicate that there is a significant relationship between workload and occurrence of non-contact injuries. The predicted time to new injuries is shorter in high load weeks compared to low load weeks. Therefore, the frequency of injuries is higher during high load weeks for ACWR and Δ-AW. ACWR and Δ-AW appear to be good indicators for estimating the injury risk, and the time interval between injuries.
Detoxification of E-waste polluted site using cashew nut shell-based activated carbon
Authors: Tetteh Isaac Kow , Gidisu Christina Koli , Sulemana Alhassan , Miezah Kodwo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study considered the potential use of activated carbon (AC) produced from cashew nuts for remediation of electronic waste (E-waste) polluted soil sites at Agbogbloshie, Accra, Ghana. The AC supplied by Climate-Environmental Research and Technology (CLERET) Laboratory, one of the research and development (R&D) umbrellas of Explore Scientific Innovations Ltd., Ghana. It was prepared by a two-stage process involving wood-fired reactor for thermal pyrolysis at temperature ranging from 800–1000 oC, followed with activation with oxidizing gas generated by wood-fired steam boiler at 160 oC and 7.5 atm pressure for 30 minutes. The product was characterized based on bulk density, particle size, iodine number, electrical conductivity (EC), porosity, and pH. Three replicates of soil samples were scooped from at a depth of 0–15 cm using a soil auger from two randomly selected sites. The samples were digested with 10 ml of ternary solution (20 ml of HClO4; 500 ml of HNO3; 50 ml of H2SO4) on a hot plate at 90°C for 30 minutes to an hour and analyzed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cu, Cr and Cd) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The cashew nut shell-based AC significantly removed the heavy metal contents of the E-waste polluted soil with removal efficiency in the order: Cd (100%) > Pb (93%) > Fe (87%) > Cu (87%) > Cr (76%) for granular and Cd (100%) > Pb (98%) > Fe (96%) > Cu (94%) > Cr (87%) for powdered activated carbons. The slopes of the linear graph of the adsorption isotherms of the tested metals which is indicative of the quality of adsorption of the metals were in the order: Pb (0.9754) > Fe (0.9093) > Cr (0.8799) > Cu (0.8176) > Cd (0.7511). These agro-based waste materials therefore have great potential for effective detoxification of E-waste polluted sites.
Early Identification of Acute Kidney Injury in the Icu With Real-time Urine Output Monitoring: A Clinical Investigation
Authors: Willner Dafna , Goldman Aliza , MSc Hagar Azran , Stern Tal , Kirshenbom Dvora , Rosenthal Guy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe inconsistencies in classifying AKI according to the KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) urine output (UO) criteria have prevented an accurate assessment of the role this easily available biomarker can play in the early identification of AKI. Study goal: To assess and compare the performance of the two KDIGO criteria (SCr and UO) for early identification of AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU) by comparing the standard SCr criteria to real-time, consecutive, electronic urine output measurements. Methods95 catheterized patients in the GICU of Hadassah Medical Center, Israel were connected to The RenalSense™ Clarity RMS™ sensor kit to monitor UO electronically (UOelec). UOelec and SCr were recorded between 24-48 hours and up to one week, respectively, after ICU admission. ResultsReal-time consecutive UO measurements identified significantly more AKI patients than SCr in the patient population, 57.9% (N=55) versus 26.4% (N=25), respectively (P<0.0001). In 20 patients that had AKI according to both criteria, time to AKI identification was significantly earlier by the UOelec criteria as compared to the SCr criteria (P<0.0001). Among this population, the median (IQR) identification time of AKI UOelec was 12.75 (8.75, 26.25) hours from ICU admission and 39.06 (25.8, 108.64) hours for AKI SCr. ConclusionApplication of KDIGO criteria for AKI using continuous electronic monitoring of UO identifies more AKI patients, and identifies them earlier, than using the SCr criteria alone. This application can enable the clinician to set protocol goals for earlier intervention of the treatment of AKI.
The Impact of Optic Nerve Movement on Intracranial Radiation Treatment
Authors: Qing Kun , Nie Ke , Liu Bo , Feng Xue , Stone James R , Cui Taoran , Zhang Yin , Zhu Jiahua , Chen Quan , Wang Xiao , Parikh Shreel , Mugler John P. , Kim Sung , Weiner Joseph , Yue Ning , Chundury Anupama 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In radiotherapy, high radiation exposure to optic nerve (ON) can cause optic neuropathy or vision loss. In this study, we evaluated the pattern and extent of the ON movement using MRI, and investigated the potential dosimetric effect of this movement on radiotherapy. Methods: Five volunteers were requested to gaze toward five directions during MRI acquisitions, including neutral (straight forward), left/right (horizontal movement), and up/down (vertical movement). The motion of the ON was analyzed quantitatively. To evaluate the potential dosimetric effect of this motion, the ON motion was hypothetically applied to three patients with perioptic tumors.Results: The motion of ON followed a nearly conical shape among all five subjects. The anterior end of ONs moved with 10.4 ± 2.2 mm and 11.1 ± 1.4 mm horizontally for the left and right eyes, and 9.3 ± 0.8 mm vertically for the right eye. Posterior end of ON has negligible displacement. In the three clinical scenario, the hypothetical movement of ON in this measured range introduced non-negligible dosimetric effect. Conclusion: The range of motion of the anterior portions of the optic nerves is on the order of centimeters, which may need to be considered with extra attention during radiation therapy workflow.
A Fatal Case of Traumatic Brain Injury With Severe Coagulopathy Due to Rhabdophis Tigrinus (Yamakagashi) Bites, A Case Report
Authors: Ueno Daisuke , Shiino Yasukazu , Takahashi Jiro , Miyamoto Satomi , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Yamakagashi venom is a prothrombin activator, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. We report a fatal case of severe coagulopathy from head trauma assumed to be caused by a yamakagashi bite.
Case Presentation:
An 80-year-old man fell and developed systemic tonic–clonic convulsions. Head computed tomography revealed brain contusion and acute subdural hematoma. Physical examination revealed two bite marks with persistent bleeding on the right lower leg. The patient stated that he had been bitten by some creature 3 days prior, but the bite was left untreated. Laboratory tests showed fibrinogen levels below the detection limit. Even though 18 units of fresh frozen plasma were administered for coagulopathy, fibrinogen levels did not improve. He died approximately 13 hours after admission.
Conclusion
In this case of a yamakagashi bite with active bleeding due to trauma, early administration of Yamakagashi antivenom should be considered to control coagulopathy.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Large-Scale Crèche Intervention to Prevent Child Drowning in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Alfonso Y. Natalia , Hyder Adnan A , Alonge Olakunle , Salam Shumona Sharmin , Baset Kamran , Rahman Aminur , H Emdad Md. Dewan , Islam Md Irteja , Rahman Fazlur , El-Arifeen Shams , Bishai David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Drowning is the leading cause of death among children 12-59 months old in rural Bangladesh. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a large-scale crèche intervention in preventing child drowning. Estimates of the effectiveness of the crèches was based on prior studies and the program cost was assessed using monthly program expenditures captured prospectively throughout the study period from two different implementing agencies. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness from both a program and societal perspective. Results showed that from the program perspective the annual operating cost of a crèche was $416.35 (95%C.I.: $222 to $576), the annual cost per child was $16 (95%C.I.: $9 to $22) and the incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life saved with the crèches was $17,803 (95%C.I.: $9,051 to $27,625). From the societal perspective (including parents time valued) the ICER per life saved was -$176,62 (95%C.I.: -$347,091 to -$67,684)—meaning crèches generated net economic benefits per child enrolled. Based on the ICER per disability-adjusted-life years averted from the societal perspective (excluding parents time), $2,020, the crèche intervention was cost-effective even when the societal economic benefits were ignored. Based on the evidence, the creche intervention has great potential for reducing child drowning at a cost that is reasonable.
Variable-Order Fractional Dynamic Behavior of Viscoelastic Damping Material
Authors: Li Zhanlong , Dong Zhifei , Wang Yao , Zhang Zheng , Qin Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Viscoelastic damping material has been widely used in engineering machinery to absorb vibration and noise. In engineering, the dynamic behavior of the viscoelastic material is mainly affected by temperature and frequency. Classical dynamic behavior equations of the viscoelastic damping material have complex structures with multiple and ambiguous parameters. So a novel variable-order fractional constitutive model (VOFC) is established based on the variable-order fractional operator. Then the viscoelastic dynamic equations are derived by the Laplace transform of the VOFC model. The DMA test by the three-point bending mode is carried out at variable temperatures and frequencies and the frequency spectrum of the dynamic behaviors, i.e., the loss modulus, the storage modulus and the loss factor are obtained. Against the test data ,the VOFC model is compared with classical models such as the integer-order Maxwell model (IOM), the constant fractional-order Kelvin-Voigt model (CFK), the constant fractional-order Maxwell model (CFM) and the constant fractional-order standard linear solid model (CFS). Through the comparison , it can be found that the VOFC model can describe dynamic behaviors of the viscoelastic damping material at different temperatures and frequencies more accurately. Furthermore, the VOFC model has simpler structure and only two parameters with clearly-physical meanings.
Peer victimization and the association with hippocampal development and working memory in children with and without ADHD&nbsp;
Authors: Papadopoulos Alissa , Seguin Diane , Correa Susana , Duerden Emma G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Children with ADHD are at risk of experiencing peer victimization, which is associated with delayed brain development and cognitive difficulties. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between problem behaviours, peer victimization, hippocampal morphology, and working memory in children with and without ADHD.
Methods
218 typically developing participants (50.5% male) and 232 participants diagnosed with ADHD (77.6% male) were recruited. The ADHD group was subdivided into inattentive (ADHD-I) or combined (ADHD-C) type. The Child Behaviour Checklist measured problem behaviours and peer victimization. Hippocampal subfield volumes were obtained using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fifth edition measured working memory (WM).
Results
The ADHD-C group displayed significantly higher rates of problem behaviours and peer victimization (all, p < 0.001). Left Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) volume was a positive predictor of levels of peer victimization (all, p < 0.013). Left CA3 volume was a positive predictor of WM and left Cornu Ammonis 4 (CA4) volume was a negative predictor (all, p < 0.025). A cluster analysis revealed that children displaying symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are the most at risk for peer victimization.
Conclusions
Interventions focusing on minimizing peer victimization may aid in mitigating adverse downstream effects, and aid in promoting brain health and cognitive function.
Public assistance program and depressive symptoms of the recipient: A cross-sectional Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Kino Shiho , Nishioka Daisuke , Ueno Keiko , Haseda Maho , Kondo Naoki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Health inequality between public assistance recipients and non-recipients has been reported. However, it is not clear whether this is due to the participants’ income inequality or because of other socioeconomic and psychosocial factors. We aimed to examine whether older recipients of public assistance were more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-recipients.
Methods
Data were obtained from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a 2016 community-based study of older adults. Poisson regression analyses with a robust error variance using fixed effects were conducted to examine the relationship between receiving public assistance and depressive symptoms controlling for sociodemographic factors. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale 15.
Results
We found that the recipients of public assistance were 1.57 times (95%CI: 1.47, 1.67) more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-recipients. When additionally adjusting for indicators of social participation, this relationship was slightly attenuated; however, the recipients still had worse mental health (Incidence rate ratio: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.25, 1.42).
Conclusions
Even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, older recipients of public assistance were more likely to have depressive symptoms than non-recipients. However, social participation could slightly attenuate the negative relationship between receiving public assistance and depressive symptoms. Therefore, the public assistance program needs to consider inclusion of other healthcare supports in addition to financial support.
Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of Childhood Starvation on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China
Authors: Dong Huiling , Wu Bingyi , Wu Qunhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries, but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which providing a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full-life cycle health.
Methods
Based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011 and 2014, this paper took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65–99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with gender and income level as the control variables, and the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly was measured. The\({x}^{2}\)test was used to explore the differences in socio-economic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. The paired t test was used to analyze the difference both average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Results
(1) The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in age, gender, residency, education level, and income level between the groups with or without starvation (P < 0.05).(2)Transition probabilities in health-disability, health-death, and disability-death all showed an upward trend with age(P < 0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience(P < 0.05). However, the probability of disability-health recovery showed a downward trend with age(P < 0.05), whereas the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation(P < 0.05). (3) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly with childhood starvation both are lower than those without childhood starvation. It shows that the negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age, has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policy-making.