bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reactions between Two Nucleophiles†
Authors: Lu Lijun , Li Hao , Lei Aiwen 
Published: September 2021

Comprehensive SummaryOxidative cross‐coupling reactions between two nucleophiles have become one of the most important tools to construct chemical bonds in organic synthesis methodology. Directly using hydrocarbons to synthesize valuable chemicals is an ideal and economical process because hydrocarbons are cheap, abundant and readily available. The account covered a brief introduction about our efforts on the development of oxidative cross‐coupling reactions. We discovered this reaction model by the cross‐coupling of two organometallic reagents. Related mechanisms were revealed by the characterization of reaction intermediates and the study of reaction kinetics through operando spectroscopy, such as in‐situ IR (infrared), EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance), Raman and XAS (X‐ray absorption) spectroscopy. Representative applications, such as oxidative cross‐coupling reactions with H2 evolution, exhibited their high atom economy and step economy.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Oxidative Cross‐Coupling – The chemistry between two “nucleophiles”.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?My first contact with palladium chemistry was the halopalladation of acetylene in 1998. Then I worked on palladium enolate and found it could initiate a transmetalation reaction. Until 2006, I found that desyl chloride (a halogenated hydrocarbon) showed different reactivity with organometallic reagents due to the halophilic and oxyphilic properties, thus we achieved the cross‐coupling between two organometallic reagents. At that moment, we started the research about “Oxidative Cross‐coupling Reactions – the chemistry between two nucleophiles.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Hard‐working, passion and ambition (安钻迷).What are your hobbies? What are your favorite book(s)?Sports. Jin Yong's martial arts novels, Morrison's Organic Chemistry, Electronic Interpretation of Organic Chemistry.
Asymmetric Aminations and Kinetic Resolution of Acyclic α‐Branched Ynones
Authors: He Faqian , Shen Guosong , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2021

Comprehensive SummaryAn efficient method for asymmetric synthesis of acyclic α‐tertiary amine derivatives has been achieved through enantioselective aminations of α‐branched ynones with azodicarboxylates enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Moreover, kinetic resolution of racemic starting material was realized under these conditions, which gave access to valuable enantioenriched α‐substituted ketones. A wide array of α‐aryl and alkyl‐substitutions, and the substituted alkynyl groups were well compatible with this method, producing both the amination products and the recovered ketones with good to high enantioselectivities.
Cardio‐ankle vascular index as a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in metabolic syndrome patients
Authors: Limpijankit Thosaphol , Vathesatogkit Prin , Matchariyakul Dujrudee , Yingchoncharoen Teerapat , Siriyotha Sukanya , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Sritara Piyamitr 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundArterial stiffness, as reflected in the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI), is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).HypothesisCombining CAVI and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may enhance prediction of MACEs in a general adult population.MethodsA total of 3807 employees of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand were enrolled in a longitudinal health study during 2007‐2008. Baseline characteristics were collected and CAVI determined. Subjects with previous coronary artery disease or stroke were excluded from analysis. MetS was defined using the modified NCEP‐ATP III for Asians. The primary study endpoint was occurrence of a MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death).ResultsMetS was present in 39.2% at study baseline. The prevalence of CAVI > 9 was higher in subjects with MetS compared to those without (33.7% vs. 28.5%, P = 0.001). During the 12.4 ± 0.6 years follow‐up, 227 participants developed MACEs and 350 died. MetS was more common in patients who developed a MACE (8.2% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001) than was non‐MetS, but it was not a significant risk after adjusting covariables. Participants with CAVI > 9 had greater risk for MACEs 1.34 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.79) relative to those with CAVI < 9. Participants with both MetS and CAVI > 9 had the worst outcomes, with the highest frequency of MACEs, among the four groups.ConclusionArterial stiffness assessed by CAVI may enhance prediction of future MACEs, adding to the null predictive power of MetS. This index can be used to motivate MetS patients to modify their life‐styles for prevention.
A method of parameter estimation for cardiovascular hemodynamics based on deep learning and its application to personalize a reduced‐order model
Authors: Zhou Yang , He Yuan , Wu Jianwei , Cui Chang , Chen Minglong , Sun Beibei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecise model personalization is a key step towards the application of cardiovascular physical models. In this manuscript, we propose to use deep learning (DL) to solve the parameter estimation problem in cardiovascular hemodynamics. Based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and fully connected neural network (FCNN), a multi‐input deep neural network (DNN) model is developed to map the nonlinear relationship between measurements and the parameters to be estimated. In this model, two separate network structures are designed to extract the features of two types of measurement data, including pressure waveforms and a vector composed of heart rate (HR) and pulse transit time (PTT), and a shared structure is used to extract their combined dependencies on the parameters. Besides, we try to use the transfer learning (TL) technology to further strengthen the personalized characteristics of a trained‐well network. For assessing the proposed method, we conducted the parameter estimation using synthetic data and in vitro data respectively, and in the test with synthetic data, we evaluated the performance of the TL algorithm through two individuals with different characteristics. A series of estimation results show that the estimated parameters are in good agreement with the true values. Furthermore, it is also found that the estimation accuracy can be significantly improved by a multicycle combination strategy. Therefore, we think that the proposed method has the potential to be used for parameter estimation in cardiovascular hemodynamics, which can provide an immediate, accurate, and sustainable personalization process, and deserves more attention in the future.
Sodium Bicarbonate Prescription and Extracellular Volume Increase: Real‐world Data Results from the AlcalUN Study
Authors: Beaume Julie , Figueres Lucile , Bobot Mickaël , de Laforcade Louis , Ayari Hamza , Dolley‐Hitze Thibault , Gueutin Victor , Braconnier Antoine , Golbin Léonard , Citarda Salvatore , Seret Guillaume , Belaïd Lisa , Cohen Raphaël , Luque Yosu , Larceneux Fabrice , Seervai Riyad N. H. , Overs Camille , Bertocchio Jean‐Philippe ,   the Club des Jeunes Néphrologues
Published: September 2021

Oral alkalization with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or citrate is prescribed for conditions ranging from metabolic acidosis to nephrolithiasis. Although most nephrologists/urologists use this method routinely, extracellular volume (ECV) increase is the main feared adverse event reported for NaHCO3. Thus far, no trial has specifically studied this issue in a real‐world setting. AlcalUN (NCT03035812) is a multicentric, prospective, open‐label cohort study with nationwide (France) enrollment in 18 (public and private) nephrology/urology units. Participants were adult outpatients requiring chronic (>1 month) oral alkalization by either NaHCO3‐containing or no‐NaHCO3‐containing agents. The ECV increase (primary outcome) was judged based on body weight increase (ΔBW), blood pressure increase (ΔBP), and/or new‐onset edema at the first follow‐up visit (V1). From February 2017 to February 2020, 156 patients were enrolled. After a median 106 days of treatment, 91 (72%) patients reached the primary outcome. They had lower systolic (135 (125, 141) vs. 141 (130, 150), P = 0.02) and diastolic (77 (67, 85) vs. 85 (73, 90), P = 0.03) BP values, a higher plasma chloride (106.0 (105.0, 109.0) vs. 105.0 (102.0, 107.0), P = 0.02) at baseline, and a less frequent history of nephrolithiasis (32 vs. 56%, P = 0.02). Patients experienced mainly slight ΔBP (< 10 mmHg). The primary outcome was not associated (P = 0.79) with the study treatment (129 received NaHCO3 and 27 received citrate). We subsequently developed three different models of propensity score matching; each confirmed our results. Chronic oral alkalization with NaHCO3 is no longer associated with an ECV increase compared to citrate in real‐life settings.
Inpatient use of metformin and acarbose is associated with reduced mortality of COVID‐19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Jinghong , Wei Qi , McCowen Karen C. , Xiong Wei , Liu Jiao , Jiang Wenlijun , Thomas Robert L. , Hepokoski Mark , He Ming , Shyy John Y. J. , Malhotra Atul , Xiong Nian , Li Willis X. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a strong risk factor for complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The effect of T2DM medications on COVID‐19 outcomes remains unclear. In a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 131 patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID‐19 in Wuhan, we have previously found that metformin use prior to hospitalization is associated with reduced mortality. The current study aims to investigate the effects of inpatient use of T2DM medications, including metformin, acarbose, insulin and sulfonylureas, on the mortality of COVID‐19 patients with T2DM during hospitalization.MethodsWe continue to carry out a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 131 patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID‐19 and treated with different combinations of diabetes medications.ResultsWe found that patients using metformin (p = .02) and acarbose (p = .04), alone or both together (p = .03), after admission were significantly more likely to survive than those who did not use either metformin or acarbose. 37 patients continued to take metformin after admission and 35 (94.6%) survived. Among the 57 patients who used acarbose after admission, 52 survived (91.2%). A total of 20 patients used both metformin and acarbose, while 57 used neither. Of the 20 dual‐use patients, 19 (95.0%) survived.ConclusionOur analyses suggest that inpatient use of metformin and acarbose together or alone during hospitalization should be studied in randomized trials.
Low Serum Cholinesterase Identifies Patients With Worse Outcome and Increased Mortality After TIPS
Authors: Stockhoff Lena , Muellner‐Bucsics Theresa , Markova Antoaneta A. , Schultalbers Marie , Keimburg Simone A. , Tergast Tammo L. , Hinrichs Jan B. , Simon Nicolas , Gerbel Svetlana , Manns Michael P. , Mandorfer Mattias , Cornberg Markus , Meyer Bernhard C. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Reiberger Thomas , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective treatment for portal hypertension‐related complications. However, careful selection of patients is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of serum cholinesterase (CHE) for outcomes and mortality after TIPS insertion. In this multicenter study, 389 consecutive patients with cirrhosis receiving a TIPS at Hannover Medical School, University Hospital Essen, or Medical University of Vienna were included. The Hannover cohort (n = 200) was used to initially explore the role of CHE, whereas patients from Essen and Vienna served as a validation cohort (n = 189). Median age of the patients was 58 years and median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 12. Multivariable analysis identified MELD score (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16; P < 0.001) and CHE (HR: 0.61; P = 0.008) as independent predictors for 1‐year survival. Using the Youden Index, a CHE of 2.5 kU/L was identified as optimal threshold to predict post‐TIPS survival in the Hannover cohort (P < 0.001), which was confirmed in the validation cohort (P = 0.010). CHE < 2.5 kU/L was significantly associated with development of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (P < 0.001) and hepatic encephalopathy (P = 0.006). Of note, CHE was also significantly linked to mortality in the subgroup of patients with refractory ascites (P = 0.001) as well as in patients with high MELD scores (P = 0.012) and with high‐risk FIPS scores (P = 0.004). After propensity score matching, mortality was similar in patients with ascites and CHE < 2.5 kU/L if treated by TIPS or by paracentesis. Contrarily, in patients with CHE ≥ 2.5 kU/L survival was significantly improved by TIPS as compared to treatment with paracentesis (P < 0.001). Conclusion: CHE is significantly associated with mortality and complications after TIPS insertion. Therefore, we suggest that CHE should be evaluated as an additional parameter for selecting patients for TIPS implantation.
Improved method to stratify lymphoma patients with risk of secondary central nervous system involvement: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Lang Mingxiao , Feng Youqin , Meng Xiangrui , Zhao Jing , Song Zheng , Qian Zhengzi , Qiu Lihua , Zhou Shiyong , Liu Xianming , Li Lanfang , Yang Haiyan , Song Yuqin , Li Wei , Zhang Huilai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSecondary central nervous system (SCNS) involvement is an infrequent but universally fatal event in diffused large B‐cell lymphoma. The occurrence rate of SCNS involvement is approximately 5% but comes with a poor prognosis ever after. However, existing risk models to predict the incidence and prognosis of these patients with SCNS involvement lack both efficiency and accuracy. Controversy has also been reported regarding which risk factor may best identify the population with a high CNS relapse rate. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 831 patients with diffused large B‐cell lymphoma, diagnosed between March 2008 and June 2018 in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing Cancer Hospital, and Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Science. Risk factors and nomogram were identified and established based on Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis. Among these patients, 55 (6.6%) of them eventually developed SCNS involvement. The 1‐ and 2‐year incidence for SCNS involvement were 3.9% and 4.7%, respectively. The median time from de novo diagnosis to CNS relapse was 8 months, and the median overall survival of these patients was 28 months. Considering the competing mortality before SCNS involvement, Fine and Gray's competing risk model was performed to analyze the characteristics related to SCNS involvement, and identified risk factors as the multiple extranodal involvements, elevated LDH and AMC level, and the involvement of breast, adrenal gland/kidney, pulmonary and bone. Corresponding factors were integrated into the competing nomogram for SCNS involvement (c‐index = 0.778). In conclusion, we present the first predictive nomogram to evaluate the risk to develop SCNS involvement in de novo DLBCL patients, which may help in both prognostic evaluation and clinical decision for this subgroup.
Solidarity across borders: A pragmatic need for global COVID‐19 vaccine equity
Authors: Obinna Denise N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is one of the most disruptive social, political and economic crises of the modern era. In today's interconnected world, the pandemic shows how quickly infectious disease outbreaks can spread across continents. Since the initial outbreak, the introduction of several vaccines has brought hope to a virus‐weary world. In spite of the remarkable results of approved vaccines, many lower‐middle countries are yet to receive a single vaccine shot. This manuscript highlights the fact that global health inequities have intensified during the pandemic. While many wealthy nations have ramped up vaccination efforts and cautiously opened their borders, many in the developed world are still waiting to be inoculated. With the rise of several resistant variants, this work argues that public health policy experts demand a greater need for global solidarity in vaccine access. This is not only important ethically, but it is also a pragmatic response.
Vertical variations and transport mechanism of soil moisture in response to vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Qiu Dexun , Gao Peng , Mu Xingmin , Zhao Baili 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil moisture is essential for vegetation restoration in arid and semi‐arid regions. Ascertaining the vertical distribution and transportation of soil moisture under different vegetation types has a profound effect on the ecological construction. In this study, the soil moisture at a depth of 500 cm for four typical vegetation types, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Caragana korshinskii, Stipa bungeana, and corn, were investigated and compared in the Zhifanggou watershed of the Loess plateau. Additionally, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes were detected to identify the transport mechanism of soil moisture. The results showed vertical distribution and transportation of soil moisture were different under different vegetation types. Depth‐averaged soil moisture under S. bungeana and corn generally increased along the profile, while C. korshinskii and R. pseudoacacia showed weakly increasing and relatively stable after an obvious decreasing trend (0–40 cm). The soil moisture under R. pseudoacacia was lower than that under other vegetation types, especially in deep layer. However, the effect of R. pseudoacacia on soil moisture in the topsoil (< 30 cm) could be positive. For R. pseudoacacia (160–500 cm), C. korshinskii (0–500 cm), and S. bungeana (0–100 cm), the soil moisture declined with increased in vegetation age. Planting arbor species such as R. pseudoacacia intensified the decline of soil moisture on the Loess Plateau. The capacity of evaporation fractionation of soil moisture followed the sequence: corn > S. bungeana > R. pseudoacacia > C. korshinskii. The δ18O values in soil water fluctuated across the profile. The δ18O values changed sharply in upper layer and generally remained stable in deep layer. However, in middle layer, the vertical distribution characteristics of the δ18O values were different under different vegetation types. We estimated that piston flow was the main mode of precipitation infiltration, and the occurrence of preferential flow was related to vegetation types. These results were helpful to improve the understanding of the response of deep soil moisture to vegetation restoration and inform practices for sustainable water management.
Population Pharmacokinetics of TAK‐931, a Cell Division Cycle 7 Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Ouerdani Aziz , Diderichsen Paul Matthias , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was conducted to characterize sources of interpatient variability on the PK of TAK‐931, a cell division cycle 7 kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with advanced solid tumors using data from 198 patients who received oral TAK‐931 over the range of 30 to 150 mg once daily in multiple dosing schedules in 2 phase 1 and 1 phase 2 clinical studies. A 2‐compartment model with 2 transit compartments describing the absorption and first‐order linear elimination adequately described the PK of TAK‐931. The apparent oral clearance (CL/F) of TAK‐931 was estimated to be 38 L/h, and the terminal half‐life was estimated to be approximately 6 hours. Creatinine clearance (CrCL) was identified as a covariate on CL/F, and body weight as a covariate on CL/F, apparent central volume of distribution, and apparent intercompartmental clearance. Simulations using the final model indicated that the effect of CrCL (≥35 mL/min) or body weight (29.8‐127 kg) on TAK‐931 systemic exposures was not considered clinically meaningful, suggesting that no dose adjustments were necessary to account for body weight or renal function (CrCL ≥35 mL/min). Sex, age (36‐88 years), race, and mild hepatic impairment had no impact on the CL/F of TAK‐931. Taken together, the population PK analysis supports the same starting dose of TAK‐931 in Asian and Western cancer patients in a global setting.
Tooth loss and radiographic bone loss in patients without regular supportive care: A retrospective study
Authors: Al‐Harthi Shaima , Barbagallo Giovanni , Psaila Alessandro , d'Urso Umberto , Nibali Luigi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVery few studies have investigated the effect of patient and site factors on periodontal progression and long‐term tooth loss in populations with minimal dental care. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess tooth loss and radiographic bone loss over at least 5 years in patients attending a national‐health service primary care practice in Sicily and undergoing no regular care.MethodsRecords of two hundred consecutive patients with at least 5 years follow‐up were screened and demographic, clinical and radiographic data were retrieved. Analyses of associations between patient and site factors and tooth loss were performed.ResultsAfter excluding not suitable patients, a total of 159 patient records with clinical and radiographic data with average 8.6 years follow‐up were included. One hundred of these patients had no professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) carried out throughout the study follow‐up. Nearly 65% of patients lost at least 1 tooth during the follow‐up period, with a total of 400 extracted teeth (for periodontal and non‐periodontal reasons). The annual tooth loss rate was slightly higher for “no PMPR” (untreated) patients (0.30 teeth/patient/year) compared with patients who had PMPR (0.27 teeth/patient/year). On a patient‐level, only reduced frequency of daily tooth brushing was associated with tooth loss at logistic regression, whereas staging, grading and diagnosis of caries were associated with rates of tooth loss/year. At multilevel analysis including patient‐ and tooth‐factors, age, diagnosis of caries and endodontic disease and percentage of bone loss at baseline were associated with tooth loss.ConclusionThis study confirms the importance of tooth brushing, initial bone loss, caries and endodontic disease in predicting tooth survival in a primary care setting.