bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed nature and dynamic processes in Hahnemann's thought
Authors: Taddei-Ferretti Cloe 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims. At least since classical Greek philosophy two opposite vews are facing, the one of Heraclitus, affirming that all things are in a continuous flux, and the other of Parmenides, the assertor of changelessness. The aim of present contribution is to consider if and how the tension between such views continues to permeate several features of the culture, including the thought of S. Hahnemann.
Methods. This will be achieved through the examination of some cases in the natural sciences and human sciences, including HahnemannÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s writings.
Few examples are presented here. The living being can be viewed as a thing genetically determined, or as an open and dynamic complex of processes interacting mutually and with the environment at metabolic and informational levels. The central nervous system is seen to underlie both automatic, and creative behaviours. A species is considered a pure ideal type, or a historically varying population of similar individuals. The basic traits of human behaviour are attributed to an unchanging nature (better, a nature undergoing slow Darwinian changes), or to a culture evolving in a rapid Lamarckian way. Within an integrated view of the person one may consider both the four fixed human constitutions (see H. Bernard; M. Martiny; N. Pende; A. Negro), and their four changing constitutional stages (see H. Bernard). Classical culture highlights the paramount importance of universal principles, while postmodern culture highlights proteanism, liquid state, patchwork.
In particular, we may encounter such two views in the thought of Hahnemann on diseases. They are found in his writings respectively on the chronic diseaes, and on the so-called non-miasmatic diseases. About chronic diseases, he wrote that they are primitive, deeply-rooted, underlying external symptoms, old, universal, always recurring, internal, and do not desappear even when external symptoms of acute diseases desappeared, while the whole symptoms of them must be extensivery taken into account. About non-miasmatic diseases, he wrote that the complex of symptoms of a single case, which is always different for each individual case, cannot be foreseen, nor schematized, nor taken as a model, nor treated by an a priori chosen remedy or with a priori rules different from the strict application of the so-called law of similars, experimentally established.
Conclusions. We may conclude that HahnemannÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s integrated consideration of diseases takes into account both the fixed characteristics of the chronic ones and the dynamic processes of the acute ones, so that the two above views appear to be not opposed, but perfectly integrated.
Biological effects of high-diluted substances and periodic table of elements
Authors: Taddei-Ferretti Cloe 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims. There are several experimental evidences for the effects of high-diluted substances (see e.g. C. Taddei-Ferretti, A. Cotugno 1997, on effects of high-diluted drugs on the prevention and control of mice teratogenicity induced by purine derivatives; N.C. Sukul, C. Taddei-Ferretti, S.P. Sinha Babu, A. De, B. Nandi, A. Sukul, R. Dutta-Nag 2000, on high-diluted Nux vomica countering alcohol-induced loss of righting reflex in toads). Also the physical characterization and mechanism of action of high-diluted drugs have been studied (see e.g. N.C. Sukul, A. Sukul, High dilution effects: Physical and biochemical basis 2004). However, further experimental researches are needed to clarify how physical characteristics of a drug are linked to its global biological effects. Considerations on some high-diluted mineral remedies will be developer here.
Methods. In Organon, sect. 119, S. Hahnemann writes: Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â«As certainly each species of plants is different from every other one with regard to external appearance, way of life and growth, taste and smell, and as certainly each mineral, each salt is different from the others with regard to external, internal, physical and chemical qualities [...], so certainly all these vegetal and mineral substances have pathogenetic ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ and thus also curative ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ effects different among themselves [...]Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â».
This statement may be taken as basis for considering the characteristics of some elements, as ordered in the periodic table, in relation to those of some high-diluted mineral remedies.
Conclusions. The elements were previously ordered in the periodic table according to the atomic weight chemically determined, and later more precisely according to the atomic number (number of protons). Then also the electronic configuration was taken into account: properties depending on atomic mass and deep electrons are not periodical, while chemical and several physical properties are linked to external electrons which have periodical configuration.
In particular, let us consider the group of elements C, P, S, Cl and the group of elements Ca, Mg, K, Na. One may conclude that the four elements of the first group (respectively receiver-or-donor of 4 electrons, receiver of 3, of 2, of 1 electron), which, according to H. Bernard, are linked to the fixed human constitutions, are close among themselves in the periodic table, while they are very distant from the four elements of the second group (respectively donor of 2, of 2, of 1, of 1 electron), which are close among themselves and are linked to the changing constitutional stages.
Homeopathy and the science of high dilutions: when to believe the unbelievable
Authors: Bellavite Paolo , Betti Lucietta 
Published: December 2021

In 1988, a Nature Editorial titled ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œWhen to believe the unbelievableÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â noted that the famous high-dilution experiments of the Benveniste group had no physical basis and suggested that ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œprudent people should, for the time being, suspend judgment.ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â In point of fact, judgment was not suspended and in the ensuing weeks the authors were resoundingly condemned and ridiculed for the purported lack of replication of their findings. Twenty-four years later, the concept that a solution diluted beyond the Avogadro-Loschmidt constant may show some biological and pharmacological activity is still ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œunbelievableÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â from an ordinary common sense perspective, but things are dramatically changing. Several groups of researchers from countries all over the world have been investigating this difficult question, which has weighty implications not just for pharmacology (homeopathy) but also for biology, physics and the environmental sciences. The XXVI meeting of GIRI (International research group on ultra-low dose and high-dilution effects), scheduled to take place in Florence on 20-22 September 2012, will present a growing body of evidence in favor of the ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œexistenceÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â of high-dilution/dynamization effects. Continuing the excellent work of the preceding editions, the meeting features a rich and outstanding program organized into four main tracks: physico-chemical features of high dilutions; studies done in planta and in the field; clinical and veterinary evidence; and laboratory models.
...
For two centuries, homeopathy and science have been regarded as two opposing and conflicting fields. Now things are changing, as scientific evidence begins to support many homeopathic tenets, and the homeopathic world increasingly stimulates science to investigate previously under-evaluated and little understood subtle phenomena. For over 26 years from the foundation, the international GIRI group has been stimulating fruitful dialogue in the interest of furthering true scienceÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Âi.e., that which is free from ideological barriers and pre-judgments. Quite often, scientific ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œdogmasÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â have been disrupted by new evidence, or previously dismissed phenomena have gained importance in the light of a new conceptual framework. The unusual properties of high dilutions/dynamizations, which merit further investigation, are potentially relevant not just to homeopathic pharmaceutical science, but also to agriculture (ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œagrohomeopathyÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â), environmental sciences and, in general, to the future of mankind.
Balanced estimate and uncertainty assessment of European climate change using the large EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble
Authors: Evin Guillaume , Somot Samuel , Hingray Benoit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Large multiscenario multimodel ensembles (MMEs) of regional climate model (RCM) experiments driven by global climate models (GCMs) are made available worldwide and aim at providing robust estimates of climate changes and associated uncertainties. Due to many missing combinations of emission scenarios and climate models leading to sparse scenario–GCM–RCM matrices, these large ensembles, however, are very unbalanced, which makes uncertainty analyses impossible with standard approaches. In this paper, the uncertainty assessment is carried out by applying an advanced statistical approach, called QUALYPSO, to a very large ensemble of 87 EURO-CORDEX climate projections, the largest MME based on regional climate models ever produced in Europe. This analysis provides a detailed description of this MME, including (i) balanced estimates of mean changes for near-surface temperature and precipitation in Europe, (ii) the total uncertainty of projections and its partition as a function of time, and (iii) the list of the most important contributors to the model uncertainty. For changes in total precipitation and mean temperature in winter (DJF) and summer (JJA), the uncertainty due to RCMs can be as large as the uncertainty due to GCMs at the end of the century (2071–2099). Both uncertainty sources are mainly due to a small number of individual models clearly identified. Due to the highly unbalanced character of the MME, mean estimated changes can drastically differ from standard average estimates based on the raw ensemble of opportunity. For the RCP4.5 emission scenario in central–eastern Europe for instance, the difference between balanced and direct estimates is up to 0.8 ∘C for summer temperature changes and up to 20 % for summer precipitation changes at the end of the century.
Automated mapping of the seasonal evolution of surface meltwater and its links to climate on the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Tuckett Peter A. , Ely Jeremy C. , Sole Andrew J. , Lea James M. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Jones Julie M. , van Wessem J. Melchior 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Surface meltwater is widespread around the Antarctic Ice
Sheet margin and has the potential to influence ice shelf stability, ice
flow and ice–albedo feedbacks. Our understanding of the seasonal and
multi-year evolution of Antarctic surface meltwater is limited. Attempts to
generate robust meltwater cover time series have largely been constrained by
computational expense or limited ice surface visibility associated with
mapping from optical satellite imagery. Here, we add a novel method for
calculating visibility metrics to an existing meltwater detection method
within Google Earth Engine. This enables us to quantify uncertainty induced
by cloud cover and variable image data coverage, allowing time series of
surface meltwater area to be automatically generated over large spatial and
temporal scales. We demonstrate our method on the Amery Ice Shelf region of
East Antarctica, analysing 4164 Landsat 7 and 8 optical images between 2005
and 2020. Results show high interannual variability in surface meltwater
cover, with mapped cumulative lake area totals ranging from 384 to
3898 km2 per melt season. By incorporating image visibility
assessments, however, we estimate that cumulative total lake areas are on
average 42 % higher than minimum mapped values. We show that modelled
melt predictions from a regional climate model provide a good indication of
lake cover in the Amery region and that annual lake coverage is typically
highest in years with a negative austral summer SAM index. Our results
demonstrate that our method could be scaled up to generate a multi-year time
series record of surface water extent from optical imagery at a
continent-wide scale.
A Systematic Review of Philippine Research Productivity: A Bourdieusian Perspective
Authors: Alcazaren Holden Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2021

In a neoliberal globalized institution, research productivity (RP) among faculty members has become an important aspect determining university rankings and academic performance. Coping with the demands of RP, many universities aim to improve their faculty’s scholarly academic repertoire through incentivizing research publications and providing research training programs. Drawing from sociological perspectives, this systematic review outlines the factors and consequences of research productivity as a capital in the context of Philippine academics. Based on the review, one glaring issue is the low RP of the country compared to its ASEAN and Western counterparts across both soft and hard sciences. Using Bourdieu’s theory on capital, the constant accumulation of faculty members for RP as capital has resulted in their struggle for legitimization in their professions and overcoming the paradox of national policies and institutional policies. Moreover, the review revealed additional pressure for faculty members to keep up with the demands of national policies requiring scholarly outputs while struggling to handle various institutional practices that can be restrictive towards research works.
Exploring Online Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Business English Teaching: A Hermeneutic Study
Authors: Moreno Ana Mariel A. , Ballena Constantino T. 
Published: December 2021

This study explored the online Business English teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) to understand its essence in Business English teaching. It sought to uncover what they thought about PCK in Business English lessons and how they developed their PCK as they engaged themselves in the everyday teaching of Business English. Hermeneutic phenomenology was employed since the purpose of the study concerns the reflection and interpretation of the online Business English teachers' experiences. The participants of the study were six online Business English teachers from one ESL Company in the Philippines catering to business professionals. They were chosen through homogeneous purposive sampling. The data collection included in-depth interviewing following semi-structured interviews and observations to gather rich descriptions of the participants' reflection and interpretation of their experiences. The data were analyzed using the six-step data analysis of Smith et al. (2021) due to the interpretive nature of the study. The results of the analysis revealed that the online Business English teachers thought of PCK as knowledge of strategizing, knowledge of Business English as the language in the workplace, and knowledge of Business English being distinct from General English. Additionally, the findings reported that teachers developed their PCK through several sources such as their encounter in the field, growth processes, and perceived need for further PCK development in Business English teaching. A creative synthesis captures the essential themes. Despite the online Business English teachers’ patent consciousness of their PCK in Business English, they still demonstrated the need to be exposed more to the business field and broaden their knowledge of business phrases and expressions. Teacher interaction with various types of students, and feedback from senior colleagues helped develop and widen their PCK in Business English.
Enfoques sobre el patrimonio arqueológico y su impacto en el sistema legal de los países sudamericanos
Authors: Endere María Luz 
Published: December 2021

Un análisis de la legislación aplicable al patrimonio arqueológico de los países sudamericanos permite reconocer características comunes e identificar la alternancia de ciertas miradas y enfoques que han marcado tendencia en diferentes períodos de tiempo. En orden cronológico, es posible distinguir tres Modelos de Protección del Patrimonio Arqueológico, denominados Tradicional, Transicional y Tendencial, los cuales han tenido predominancia en los sistemas legales de los países sudamericanos. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en caracterizar esos modelos y ejemplificarlos con las normas legales de los principales países de la región, para luego discutir las tendencias actuales en vista al futuro próximo. Se tomarán en consideración algunas disposiciones legales de Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela. Para realizar esta investigación, se efectúo un análisis de las fuentes legales disponibles en repositorios digitales y de bibliografía especializada. Como resultado, se destaca la supervivencia actual del Modelo Tradicional con agregados temáticos propios de los modelos posteriores, así como la creciente complejidad que la problemática indígena trae a la gestión -cuando no a la propiedad misma- del patrimonio arqueológico, al tiempo que la participación comunitaria sigue siendo un objetivo a alcanzar.
Sosyal Bilimlerde Ekolleşme ve İbn Halduncu Sosyal Bilimin İmkanı
Authors: BATUR Behçet 
Published: December 2021

Toplumsal olgu ve olayların açıklanmasında ve anlaşılmasında kullanılan en önemli araçlardan birinin sosyal kuramlar ve bu kuramların ortaya çıktığı ve şekillendiği sosyal bilim ekolleri olduğu söylenebilir. Her sosyal bilim ekolü farklı bir bakış açısıyla toplumu okumayı ve açıklamayı hedefler. Böylece başta sosyoloji olmak üzere tüm sosyal bilimlerde farklı dönem ve toplumlarda farklı sosyal kuramlar ve ekoller ortaya çıkmıştır. Fransız toplum ekolü, Alman tarih ekolü ya da Marxist ekol, liberal ekol, feminist ekol, evrimci ekol vb. bunlardan bazılarıdır. Sosyal bilimlerde çok sayıda ekolün ortaya çıkmasının temel nedenini toplumsal olgu ve olayların çok boyutlu olmasının yanı sıra her toplumun farklı tarihsel ve kültürel kodlara sahip olmasıyla açıklanabilir. Dolayısıyla sosyal bilimlerde farklı kuram ve ekollerin varlığı son derece doğal ve gereklidir. Bununla birlikte modern sosyolojideki ekollerin büyük bir kısmı Batı kaynaklı olup toplumu farklı açılardan açıklama girişimleri olarak değerlendirilebilir.
İbn Haldun (1332-1406) 1377 yılında kaleme aldığı Mukaddime adlı eserinde kendine özgü bir toplum okuması ve açıklaması geliştirmiştir. Toplumsal olgu ve olayların açıklanması ve anlaşılmasında geliştirdiği başta asabiyet kavramı olmak üzere, toplumları bedevi-hadari toplum tipleriyle çözümlemesi kendisinin de özgün bir kuram ve ekol olma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca İbn Haldun’un Batılı olmayan bir coğrafya ve kültüre ait olması, onu Batılı sosyal bilim ekollerinden ayıran en önemli unsurlardan biri olarak değerlendirilebilir. Dolayısıyla günümüzde İbn Halduncu bir sosyal bilim kuram ve ekolünün kurulması ve geliştirilmesinin gerek toplumsal olgu ve olayların açıklanmasında gerekse de çağdaş toplumların çözümlenmesinde son derece yararlı analitik işlevlerde bulunabileceği düşünülmektedir.
PELEPASAN INFORMASI REKAM MEDIS KEPADA PIHAK KETIGA DI RUMAH SAKIT MITRA MEDIKA
Authors: Parulian Gultom Suheri , Anggraini Sisca 
Published: December 2021

Sarana pelayanan kesehatan bertanggung jawab untuk melindungi informasi kesehatan yang terdapat didalam rekam medis terhadap kemungkinan hilang, rusak, pemalsuan dan akses yang tidak sah. Secara keseluruhan, keamanan (security), privasi (privacy), kerahasian (confidentiality) dankeselamatan (safety) adalah perangkat yang membentengi informasi dalam rekam medis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pelepasan informasi rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Mitra Medika Medan. Jenis penelitian berupa deskriptif yaitu metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membuat gambaran tentang suatu keadaan secara objektif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pelepasan informasi rekam medis dalam menjamin kepada pihak ketiga, sampel penelitian 20 permintaan visum. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan cara teknik nonprobability. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Data permintaan visum kepolisian/pengadilan pada bulan Oktober 2017 – Januari 2018 di Rumah Sakit Mitra Medika Medan berjumlah 20 permintaan dengan persentase (25%). Sedangkan penggunaan informasi untuk penelitian sebanyak 10 permintaan dengan persentase (50%). Adapun pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam proses pelepasan informasi medis pasien Rumah Sakit Mitra Medika Medan adalah Diklat, Sub Bag Rekam Medis, Dokter/Tenaga Medis dan petugas ruangan.Sebaiknya diadakan sosialisasi tentang prosedur tetap mengenai pelepasan informasi medis pasien kepada petugas rekam medis ataupun pihak yang terlibat dalam pelepasan informasi medis pasien.
ANALISIS KELENGKAPAN INFORMED CONSENT PASIEN PRA OPERASI KATARAK DI RS. KHUSUS MATA SMEC MEDAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Simanjuntak Esraida , Agatha Wismona Sara 
Published: December 2021

Rekam medis merupakan berkas yang berisikan catatan dan dokumen tentang identitas, pemeriksaan, pengobatan, tindakan, dan pelayanan lain yang telah diberikan kepada pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor apa saja yang mempengarui kejelasan informasi medis yang akan diterima oleh pasien pra operasi katarak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif penelitian yang hanya menggambarkan keadaan objek, tidak ada maksud untuk menggeneralisasi hasilnya. Waktu penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2018 di RS. Khusus Mata SMEC Medan Tahun 2018. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti mengambil populasi sebanyak 55 berkas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di RS. Khusus Mata SMEC Medan pemberian informasi medis dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh petugas yang berwenang. Tetapi dalam pemberian informasi medis beberapa petugas tidak menjelaskan secara keseluruhan seperti hanya memberikan 9 informasi medis dari 11 informasi medis yang seharusnya diberikan kepada pasien. Kesimpulannya adalah kelengkapan pengisian lembar informed consent pada berkas rekam medis di RS. Khusus Mata SMEC sesuai dengan hasil penelitian yaitu sebanyak 58% yang lengkap, dan yang tidak lengkap sebanyak 42%. Sebaiknya petugas dapat memberikan informasi sesuai dengan SOP yang telah di tetapkan oleh RS. Khusus Mata SMEC Medan agar para pasien akan lebih mendapatkan kejelasan informasi medis yang mereka perlukan.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN TEMPAT TIDUR DI RSJ PROF. DR. M. ILDREM MEDAN PER RUANGAN BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR RAWAT INAP DI TRIWULAN 1 TAHUN 2018
Authors: Permata Sari Lubis Siti , Astuti Corah 
Published: December 2021

Inpatient services may have an effect on the level of efficiency in the hospital which is wrong in the inpatient indicator that is BOR, ALOS, TOI, and BTO that have not comply with MOH standard. To analyze the wealth of using the bedroom at RSJ PROF. DR. ILDREM MEDAN. This type of research is descriptive with retrospective approach. Document study instrument review guide (daily census of inpatient in the journal). The results showed that the value of BOR, ALOS, TOI, and BTO was high enough to exceed the ideal rate according to Manistry of Health, highest BOR in Bukit Barisan with BOR value 98%, lowest BOR in D Sanggul room with 86.8%, TOI highest in room and Mawar room with value 14,76%, lowest TOI value in room D Sanggul with value 1,13%. The conclusions used by many outdoor beds in accordance with the Manistry of Health were given the results of the overall BOR room 91.18 according to the Manistry of health Standard 60-85%. ALOS value 86.125 whereas According to Ministry of Health Standard 6- 9 days, BTO Value 14.7 on According to Ministry of Health Standard 40-50 times and value of TOI 8.99 According to Standard Depkes 1-3 days. Divide To the officer to improve the quality of service to patient.