bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Transplant Recipients Incur More Costly Care When Undergoing Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Veillette Gregory , Castaldi Maria , Roberts Sacha A , Parsikia Afshin , Choubey Ankur , Okumura Kenji , Latifi Rifat , Ortiz Jorge 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The incidence of breast cancer (BC) in solid organ transplant recipients is comparable to the age-matched general population. It is among the three top-most commonly occurring cancers in women after liver transplantation (LT). There is limited information on the management and outcomes of breast cancer in liver transplant recipients (LTR). We aim to evaluate the impact of LT on breast cancer surgery outcomes. Further we compare the outcomes after breast cancer surgery in LTR in transplant versus non-transplant centers.
Methods

National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was accessed to identify LTR with BC. Mortality, complications, hospital charges and total length of stay (LOS) were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression testing. Weighted multivariate regression models were employed to compare outcomes at transplant and non-transplant centers.
Results

Ninety-nine women met inclusion criteria for LT + BC and were compared against a cohort of women with BC without LT (n = 736,527). LT + BC had lower performance status as confirmed via higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (20.5% vs.10.2%, p < 0001). There were significantly more complications in the LT cohort when compared to the non-LTR (15.0% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.012). However, on multivariate analysis, LT was not an independent risk factor for post-operative complications following breast cancer surgery (OR 1.223, p = 0.480). Cost associated with breast cancer care was significantly higher in those with LT (2.621, p < 0.001). Breast conservation surgery in LT had shorter LOS as compared to BC alone (OR 0.568, p 0.027) in all hospitals.
Conclusion

LT does not increase short-term mortality when undergoing breast cancer surgery. Although there were significantly more complications in the LT cohort when compared to the non-LTR (15.0% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.012), on multivariate analysis, LT was not an independent risk factor for post-operative complications following breast cancer surgery. Additionally, breast cancer treatment is more costly in LTR.
Alteration of Nutrient Substrates and Absence of Seawater Due to Coastal Embankments Affects Soil Microbial Communities in Salt Marshes of Eastern China
Authors: Feng Hongyu , Qiao Yajun , Xia Lu , Yang Wen , Zhao Yongqiang , Jeelani Nasreen , An Shuqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims: Although the influence of coastal embankments on soil physicochemical properties and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling has been widely studied, the mechanisms of their effects on the soil microbial ecology are still poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate variations in soil bacterial and archaeal communities between natural and embanked saltmarshes, as well as the determinants that drive these variations.Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed to assess the impacts of embankments on the bacterial and archaeal communities of the invasive Spartina alterniflora Loisel., as well as native Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. saltmarshes in the coastal China.Results: Embankments significantly decreased the Simpson diversity index of the S. alterniflora saltmarsh, while increasing the OTU richness in the P. australis saltmarsh. Additionally, the bacterial and archaeal community compositions in the embanked S. alterniflora and P. australis saltmarshes were considerably modified. However, no variations were found between the bacterial and archaeal communities of the natural and embanked S. salsa saltmarshes.Conclusions: These results were possibly because embankments decreased the soil nutrient substrates (e.g., soil organic C and N) dramatically in the S. alterniflora saltmarsh, while increased soil nutrient substrates significantly in the P. australis saltmarsh. However, embankments had a negligible effect on the soil nutrient substrates in the S. salsa saltmarsh. Moreover, embankments increased the abundance of Betaproteobacteria, and decreased the abundance of sulfur- and sodium-dependent bacteria due to the dramatic change in soil physicochemical properties.
A Wireless Sensor System Supplied by a Solar Energy Harvester toward IoT Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Mohsen Saeed , Alharbi Abdullah G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Harmful environments can cause seriously health problems to humans. Thus, it is should be develop a generation of wireless sensor systems that are energy self-powered to monitor physical parameters of an ambient environment in real-time and sending these parameters remotely to an IoT cloud service. In this paper, a wireless sensor system is proposed for an environmental monitoring. This system is based on two sensors and a NodeMCU board that includes a microcontroller with a Wi-Fi chip. This system is built to measure the ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and ultraviolet (UV) index. The power supply of the sensor system is a solar energy harvester, which consists of a solar cell, a DC-DC converter, and a rechargeable battery. This harvester is practically tested outdoors under direct sunlight. The wireless sensor system experimentally consumes an average power of 40 mW over one hour and the life-time of this system is 123 hours in active-sleep mode. The results demonstrate that the wireless sensor system has long-term and sustainable operation of the monitoring of an environmental data.
Free Fatty Acid Is Associated With Muscle Dysfunction in Chinese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fu Junling , Sun Lina , Mu Zhijing , Xiu Shuangling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Muscle dysfunction is considered as a sign of poor prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, early detection of muscle disorders is particularly important in T2D population. For free fatty acid (FFA) is known as a clinical indicator of metabolic diseases and muscle function, hence, we aimed to investigate whether FFA could serve as a biomarker for muscle function.Methods: There are totally 160 adult subjects with T2D were characterized and analyzed in this study. Muscle mass and function were measured by walking speed, grip strength and height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMI). Logistic regression was applied to explore the correlation of FFA with muscle indicators. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to conduct the diagnostic value of FFA.Results: FFA was negatively correlated with SMI (r = -0.347, P = 1.0E-05), grip strength (r = -0.313, P = 7.1E-05) and walking speed (r = -0.167, P = 0.039). Notably, the relationships between FFA and SMI and walking speed remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). The combination of conventional indicators including age, BMI and HbA1c provided discrimination effect of low grip strength with an AUC of 0.648, low walking speed with an AUC of 0.714. Importantly, when FFA was added to the model, the value of ROC curve was further improved, with an AUC of 0.785 for low grip strength, 0.755 for low walking speed.Conclusions: The current study demonstrated a negative correlation of FFA with muscle indicators in adult T2D patients after adjusting for HbA1c. FFA may play an important role in the pathological process of muscle dysfunction in adults with T2D.
Side Effects and Immunogenicity Following Administration of The Sputnik V COVID-19 Vaccine Among Health Care Workers; An Observational Study in Iran
Authors: Babamahmoodi Farhang , Saeedi Majid , Alizadeh-Navaei Reza , Hedayatizadeh-Omran Akbar , Mousavi Seyed Abbas , Ovaise Gasem , Kordi Shirafkan , Akbari Zahra , Azordeh Mazaher , Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Alikhani Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine, have shown excellent safety and efficacy against COVID-19 in phase 3 of the clinical trial. We provided independent evidence on side effects and immunogenicity following the administration of the Sputnik V COVID-19 in Iran. In this observational study, the healthcare workers who vaccinated with the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine within February and April 2021 were evaluated. Among a total of 13435 vaccinated healthcare workers, we received 3236 self-declaration reports of Sputnik V associated adverse events with the mean age 39.32±10.19 years old which 38.8% were men and 61.2% were women. The most common side effect was a pain in the injection site (56.9%), fatigue (50.9%), body pain (43.9%), headache (35.7%), fever (32.9%), joint pain (30.3%), chilling (29.8%) and drowsiness (20.3%). Side effects of the vaccine were significantly more frequent in females and younger individuals. Among a total of 238 participants, more than 90% after the first and second dose of vaccine had a detectable level of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. Although the overall the rate of adverse effects was higher than the interim results from randomized controlled trials, our findings support the manufacturer’s reports about the high humoral immunogenicity of vaccine against COVID-19.
Impact of Urbanization on Surface Energy Balance Components Over Metropolitan Cities of India During 2000–2018 Winter Seasons
Authors: Sultana Sabiha , Satyanarayana A.N.V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study attempts to evaluate the urban energy balance components with respect to increasing urbanization over Indian metropolitan cities during 2000–2018 winter seasons by using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite imageries. The impact of increasing artificial surfaces on different energy fluxes is analyzed for the study period over these cities. The results indicate that the estimated ranges of the energy fluxes are in the range of typical values that are reported in the earlier literatures over cities. The Sensible Heat Flux (SHF) is observed to be increased considerably whereas the Latent Heat Flux (LHF) is noticed to slightly decreasing. The mean SHF over the buildup areas and the dry lands of Delhi noticed to record maximum increase of 28.2 Wm− 2and 39.7 Wm− 2 respectively during the study period. The SHF (LHF) shows positive (negative) correlation with the land surface temperature. The SHF (LHF) is observed to be about 19% – 33% (1.9% – 15%) of the net radiation flux and the residual heat flux is found to be about 60–80% of the net radiation flux. The study advocates the substantiate changes of the surface energy balance parameters would have profound influence on the energy exchange mechanism and which in turn affects regional climatic change.
Additional Treatment of Vitamin D for Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha , Wibawa I Dewa Nyoman , Mariadi I Ketut , Somayana Gde 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Insulin resistance provide important role in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies already evaluate vitamin D supplementation for NAFLD patients, in relation to insulin resistance. The results obtained still carry conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of additional treatment of vitamin D for improvement of insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. Relevant literatures were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, COCHRANE, and Science Direct database. The obtained studies were analyzed using fixed effect model or random effect model. Seven eligible studies with a total of 735 participants were included. Vitamin D supplementation improve insulin resistance in NAFLD patients, marked by reduce of Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), with pooled mean difference − 1.06 (p = 0.0006; 95% CI: -1.66 to -0.45). Vitamin D supplementation increase the level of vitamin D serum with pooled mean difference of 17.45 (p = 0.0002; 95% CI: 8.33 to 26.56). Vitamin D supplementation decrease ALT levels, with pooled mean difference of -4.44 (p = 0.02; 95% CI: -8.24 to -0.65). No effect observed for AST levels. Vitamin D supplementation provide beneficial effects on improvement of insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. This supplementation may reduce HOMA-IR in such patients. It may serve as potential adjunctive treatment for NAFLD patients.
Adsorption of NO, NO2 on Rh Embedded h-BN Monolayer: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Zhang Jun’an , Tian Jiangling , Zhang Qingwei , Lu Yunhua , Li Lei , Xu Yanjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been made to investigated the adsorption and sensing properties of harmful nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) on rhodium (Rh) doped hexagonal boron nitride (BN) to explore the feasibility of Rh-doped BN (Rh-BN) based gas sensor. For each gas molecule, various adsorption positions and orientations were examined. The favorable adsorption configuration has been established and the corresponding adsorption energy has been calculated. Besides, to understand the adsorption mechanism, The properties such as electron density, the energy band structure, state density of states, and charge transfer of the adsorption system were investigated in greater detail. The calculations indicate that the most stable structure is that the Rh atom located directly above the N atom, and a stable chemical bond with a length of 2.096 Å formed between the Rh atom and N atom, with a significant binding energy (𝐸𝑏) of -1.561 eV. Then, adsorption performance of Rh-BN monolayer upon nitrogen oxides is in order as NO2 > NO, with the adsorption energy (𝐸𝑎) of -3.919 eV and -3.318 eV, respectively. This indicates that the Rh-BN single layer possesses ideal adsorption and sensing properties. Furthermore, by doping the Rh atom, many levels of impurities are introduced into the intrinsic BN band structure, thereby improving the interaction between BN and adsorbed gas molecules. Following adsorption of NO and NO2, the band gap (Eg) of the doping system is wider. It has been demonstrated that gas adsorption reduces the electrical conductivity of the system, but increases the sensitivity of the system. The above calculation and analysis are of great importance for the exploration of the Rh-BN single layer as innovative gas detection material.
Modelling to Analyse the Process and Sustainability Performance of Forestry-based Bioenergy Systems
Authors: Martinez-Hernandez Elias , Sadhukhan Jhuma , Aburto Jorge , Allieri Myriam , Morse Steven , Murphy Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study develops a novel mathematical modelling framework for biomass combined heat and power systems (CHP) linking physicochemical/thermodynamic characteristics and life cycle sustainability. A total of twenty-nine indicators for the process (4), economic (5), environmental (8) and social global (5) and local (7) aspects have been analysed for sustainability. These are biomass throughput, electricity and steam generations and CHP efficiency; internal rate of return, capital, operating and feedstock costs and cost of production; global warming, fossil, land and water use, acidification, urban smog, eutrophication and ecotoxicity potentials; labour rights & decent work, health & safety, human rights, governance and community infrastructure; total forest land, direct/indirect jobs, gender equality and energy-water-sanitation access for communities, from biomass characteristics (carbon and hydrogen contents), energy demands and economic parameters. The model is disseminated as an open-web-resource https://tesarrec.web.app/sustainability/chp. In a case study approach, from 12.47 kt/year forestry residue, 1 MWe is generated with an associated low-pressure steam generation of 50 kt/year, at a cost of production of $0.023/kWh, making “affordable and clean energy” (the UN Sustainable Development Goals, SDG7) for marginalised/poor communities. Bioenergy can curb >90% greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy, 6 kt CO2 eq and 74 TJ annually, 87-53% water consumption, acidification and eutrophication, and 29-18% urban smog and ecotoxicity, compared to fossil-based counterpart. All five social themes in the Central American cluster countries can be improved by bioenergy. In addition to SDG7, SDG6: "clean water and sanitation for all" can be delivered by forestry-based bioenergy system.
Insight Into Effects of Long-chain Fatty Acids on Propionic Acid Production in Anaerobic Fermentation: A Case Study of Oleic Acid and Palmitic Acid
Authors: Wei Tong , Fang Qian , Luo Jin , Chen Yujia , Zhang Kequan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study revealed long-chain fatty acids(LCFAs) on propionic acid production by lipid anaerobic acidogenesis. Oleic acid and palmitic acid, the two most common acids in LCFAs, were added into the acid production system to evaluate LCFAs type and concentration on the propionic acid production capacity of the acid production system. The results showed that when the concentration of oleic acid was 4g/L, the content of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) was 1.3 times higher than that of the blank group(propionic acid was the main product, > 70%). In contrast, palmitic acid and excess oleic acid inhibited propionic acid production(butyric acid was the main product). Propionic acid-producing bacteria were the dominant bacteria in an oleic acid production system. According to response surface analysis, the optimal concentration of oleic acid favoring for propionic acid production was 2.3 g/L and fermentation time was 7.4 days in this study. The results showed that a proper concentration of oleic acid has a promotion to propionic acid production. This study provides a theoretical basis for oleic acid to promote propionic acid production.
Burial-Induced Deterioration in Leather – A FTIR-ATR, DSC, TG/DTG, MHT and SEM study
Authors: Vyskočilová Gabriela , Ševčík Richard , Carşote Cristina , Badea Elena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all structural levels of collagen to investigate the effects of burrial tests on vegetable-tanned lather. For the first time, a group of deterioration markers specific to molecular, fibrillar and and fibrous structure of collagen in leather was associated with the anaerobic condition of burried leather. Gelatin was identified both through the FTIR-ATR spectral markers (molecular alteration of collageneous triple helix structure) and SEM imaging (alteration of fibrils and fibres morphology). Loosening of collagen-tannin interaction and de-tanning were detected by the application of second derivative spectral analysis. Collagen denaturing profile was evidenced by DSC analysis and documented by SEM observations at high magnification, while TG/DTG analysis gave information on the leather thermo-oxidative deterioration. Our results confirmed that the shrinkage temperature measured by MHT method could be misleading. However, this method proved its usefulness in assessing the structural inhomogeneity of collagen in buried leather and identifying gelatin. The complementary FTIR-ATR, DSC, TG/DTG, MHT and SEM analytical protocol proved its high effectiveness and could thus be extended to the challenging study of archaeological leather.
In-Depth Biological Alteration Analysis of Plasmodium Knowelsi-Infected Red Blood Cells Using A Non-Invasive Optical Imaging Technique
Authors: Firdaus Egy Rahman , Muh Fauzi , Park Ji-Hoon , Lee Seong-Kyun , Na Sung-Hun , Park Won-Sun , Han Jin-Hee , Ha Kwon-Soo , HAN EUN-TAEK 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Imaging techniques are commonly used for understanding disease mechanisms and their biological features in such a microenvironment of the cell. In recent work, the understanding of parasite biology of malaria Plasmodium knowlesi was compiled from functional in vitro and imaging analysis using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sample fixation during SEM analysis possibly makes the parasite membrane destruction.
Methods

In this study, we used a non-invasive optical technique, tomography, to explore the biological changes during the development of infected red blood cells (RBCs) by P. knowlesi. The commercial common-path diffraction optical tomography was used to measure individual infected RBCs' three-dimensional refractive index tomogram without an additional dyeing agent.
Results

We simultaneously examined structural, chemical, and physical modification by a parasite inside of host RBCs. The results had similar patterns with previous studies using SEM and other parasites such as P. falciparum and Babesia. Interestingly we found that P. knowlesi did not use hemoglobin as much as P. falciparum as a source of nutrition.
Conclusions

This tomography technique opens new ways to study the pathophysiology of malaria parasites more efficiently and is considered a promising tool for studying each Plasmodium species more in-depth.
Microvascular Myocutaneous and Cutaneous Free Flap Reconstruction for Patients With Terminal Esophagostomy After Complicated Oncological Esophagus Resection
Authors: Poelsler Lukas , Koch Oliver , Gaggl Alexander , Presl Jaroslav , Hutter Jörg , Brandtner Christian , Emmanuel Klaus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPersisting anastomotic leakage after oncological esophagectomy is a severe problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, treatment options with promising results are scarce especially when conventional operative and endoscopic methods have failed. Due to limitation of oral intake and need for artificial nutrition quality of life is reduced. Microvascular myocutaneous and cutaneous free flap (MFF) reconstruction could be a promising alternative. MethodsThis retrospective case series presents seven patients treated between March 2017 and November 2020 at our surgical department, with persisting postoperative anastomotic leakage without further feasible treatment options. All patients received anastomotic MFF reconstruction, we evaluated used flaps and important intraoperative factors like microvascular anastomosis. Complications were assessed by Clavien-Dindo-Score, patient contentment was evaluated with a questionnaire. ResultsThe included seven male patients had median age of 65.15 years (range: 48-75). MFF function was adequate in six out of seven patients, one flap necrosis was encountered. Five patients initially had good results, surgical revision was performed in one patient to ensure graft function. Postoperative complications appeared in 6 out of 7 patients, three patients had complications ranked in Clavien-Dindo IIIa (two patients received stenting, one patient endoscopic stenting and dilatation) and two patients needed surgical revision (Clavien-Dindo IIIb). Furthermore one patient had postoperative delirium with prolonged intensive care unit stay and one patient had no complications (Clavien-Dindo 0). Mean duration of inpatient care was 63 days (Range: 24-156). At time of evaluation, one patient has died because of his malignant disease. No more additional nutrition was needed in 3 out of 6 patients with adequate graft function. The majority of patients reported improved quality of life after MFF. Conclusion MFF free flap can be an alternative treatment option for patients with terminal esophagostomy after complicated oncological esophagus resection without further treatment options. The renewed ability of oral food intake results in a significant improvement of quality of life for the patients.