bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of management and human resource factors on matrix support in secondary oral health care in Brazil
Authors: Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de , Amaral João Henrique Lara do , Guimarães Zina Lívia , Vasconcelos Mara , da Silveira Pinto Rafaela , Werneck Marcos Azeredo Furquim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between health management and human resource factors on matrix support (MS) in a nationally representative sample of Dental Specialty Centres (DSCs) in Brazil.MethodsThis survey included 1042 DSCs (Response rate = 94.99%) in the second cycle of the National Program for the Improvement of the Quality and Access to the Dental Specialty Centres (PMAQ‐CEO, in Portuguese) in 2018. Previously trained interviewers extracted information on MS, health management and human resources of the DSC by using a structured instrument. An MS score was created by adding the number of positive answers to the 10 MS questions. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOf all the DSCs (n = 1042), 116 (11.1%) performed all 10 MS procedures. Those DSCs with a manager who had a higher education degree in the area of Public Health or Public Management (RR = 1.01, 95% CI, 1.01–1.02) and with human resources that received incentives, bonuses or financial awards for performance related to the PMAQ‐CEO result (RR = 1.01 95% CI 1.01–1.02) are more likely to perform MS, when compared to the reference categories. The DSCs that are more likely to perform MS include those that developed actions as a result of periodic planning and evaluation with confirmatory documentation (RR = 1.06, 95% CI; 1.01–1.10); those that received support for planning and organizing the work scheme (RR = 1.03, 95% CI; 1.01–1.05); those that monitored and analysed the goals set for each specialty offered at the DSC, with (RR = 1.06, 95% CI; 1.01–1.10) or without confirmatory documentation (RR = 1.06, 95%CI; 1.02–1.11); those whose team periodically performed self‐assessment processes, using the Ministry of Health's formal self‐assessment (AMAQ in Portuguese) (RR = 1.04, 95% CI; 1.02–1.05); those who followed clinical guidelines (with confirmatory documentation) regarding the referral of patients from primary care to the DSC (RR = 1.02, 95% CI; 1.01–1.04). On the contrary, DSCs that did not use the results achieved in previous PMAQ cycles in the organization of the DSC's team work scheme proved to be less likely to perform MS (RR = 0.98, 95% CI; 0.96–0.99).ConclusionsMatrix support is associated with human resources and management factors in secondary oral health care in Brazil. Continuing professional development and some management characteristics are important for secondary dental care quality and could be considered in health policy initiatives.
First use of the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS) in the management of young people with severe acne treated with isotretinoin: a pilot study of an active monitoring of depressive disorders by dermatologists
Authors: Hefez L. , Micallef J. , Revah-Levy A. , Falissard B. , Jouve E. , Dreno B. , Chosidow O. 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Background
During isotretinoin treatment, special attention is required to detect any symptom or change in the mental health of patients. The monitoring is complex for adolescents because of confounding factors such as mood changes associated with adolescence and puberty and the higher psychosocial impairment due to the acne itself.

Aim
To determine the utility of the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS) for monitoring symptoms in adolescents before and during isotretinoin treatment in dermatology real-life practice.

Methods
This was a national, multicentre prospective study that enrolled a random sample of dermatologists treating adolescents. An algorithm including ADRS score and its changes between consecutive visits was used. At each visit, dermatologists rated their satisfaction with ADRS and its ease of use, while patients rated the acceptability of the ADRS.

Results
In total, 70 dermatologists used the algorithm for 1227 visits of 283 adolescents receiving isotretinoin. Of these 70 dermatologists, 80.8% were satisfied/very satisfied with the ADRS, 82.7% considered the use of the ADRS in clinical practice to be easy/very easy and 75% considered that the ADRS enabled them to discuss more easily the risk of depression with their patients. For the patients, acceptability of the ADRS was considered good by 93.8%.

Conclusions
The implementation of the ADRS could be valuable in dermatology practice, optimizing the monitoring of patients and the good use of isotretinoin.
Standardized documentation and synoptic reporting of complex intestinal anatomy in enteric fistulation and intestinal failure
Authors: Williams Katherine J. , Donnelly Suzanne , Gabe Simon , Gupta Arun , Holman Richard , Preston Stephen , Vaizey Carolynne J. , Corr Alison , Mehta Akash M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimIn intestinal failure, delineation of both structure and function are key to controlling symptoms and planning further intervention. We have developed a template for developing an ‘anatomy at a glance’ patient‐specific map to aid decision making and counselling.MethodA core dataset was developed and used to create an editable template to demonstrate the gastrointestinal tract, its relationship to the genitourinary tract, and specific anterior abdominal wall features. This was then used to create an anatomical template, specific to each patient, and stored in the electronic patient record and imaging archive.ResultsWe have developed a technique for integration of multi‐modal information into one diagram, easily referenced by the multidisciplinary team. Radiology, endoscopy and previous operation notes can be used to fill out a core dataset, which is then transposed into a standardized template. A worked example is shown.ConclusionThe mapping template has been successfully integrated into practice and aided decision making at all stages of the patient's therapeutic journey. It has been found helpful in planning routes of nutrition, preoperative optimization, surgical planning, interpreting postoperative imaging and managing patient expectations.
Clinical and functional outcome of surgery for posttraumatic cloacal deformity
Authors: Picciariello Arcangelo , Gallo Gaetano , Sturiale Alessandro , Litta Francesco , De Simone Veronica , Martines Gennaro , Naldini Gabriele , Ratto Carlo , Trompetto Mario , Rinaldi Marcella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimCloacal deformity is a disabling condition that severely affects a patient’s quality of life. Surgery to repair cloacal deformity remains the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical and functional outcome of patients treated for traumatic cloacal deformity by three different techniques.MethodA retrospective multicentre study was carried out using data from women operated on for cloacal deformity between 2015 and 2019. Demographic characteristics, the presence of urinary and/or faecal incontinence and manometric findings were collected. The main outcome measures were represented by St Mark’s and Rockwood faecal incontinence quality of life scores.ResultsThirty eight women with a median age of 34 years [interquartile range (IQR) 31–39 years] were enrolled. Perineoplasty was performed in 23 patients by direct suture of the rectovaginal septum, in five using the X‐flap and in 10 by the Singapore flap. Median resting and squeezing pressures increased significantly from 28.15 (IQR 23–32.7) cmH2O to 45 (IQR 31–60.7) cmH2O (p = 0.0001) and from 47 (IQR 41.2–54.7) cmH2O to 97.2 (IQR 80–118) cmH2O (p = 0.0001), respectively. Maximum tolerable volume improved from 120 (IQR 90–137.5) ml to 137.5 (IQR 120–150) ml (p = 0.002). The St Mark’s score decreased from 18 (IQR 14–20) to 4.5 (IQR 2–8) after 20 months (p = 0001). Sexual activity was confirmed by 16 patients preoperatively and by 27 postoperatively. A diverting stoma was performed in three patients after X‐flap perineoplasty and in 14 treated by direct closure. No significant differences were found pre‐ and postoperatively between the three groups.ConclusionRegardless of the technique used, surgical repair significantly improves both clinical and functional outcomes irrespective of the presence of a covering stoma.
Higher order stress terms in sharp notch problems under pure‐out‐of‐plane loading
Authors: Mehraban Mohammad R. , Ayatollahi Majid R. , Bahrami Bahador , Berto Filippo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent paper studies the effects of higher order terms (HOTs) on the stress and displacement fields around sharp V‐notched components under pure antiplane shear (mode III) loading. For this aim, two V‐notched test samples each containing four different notch angles are simulated in a finite element (FE) commercial software. Subsequently, the over‐deterministic technique is used as an approach to calculate the coefficients of singular and nonsingular terms out of the nodal displacement values. To verify the accuracy of the values calculated as the coefficients, the stress field reconstructed from the truncated series expansions is compared with the direct nodal outputs of FE analysis. The results demonstrate that the use of nonsingular terms of the asymptotic series expansion is necessary only in the case that the distribution of stress at far distances from the notch tip is sought and the notch angle is small. To check the stability of the results, some of the parameters which affect accurate determination of unknown coefficients and convergence of the numerical results are studied.
Views of healthcare consumer representatives on defensive practice: ‘We are your biggest advocate and supporter… not the enemy’
Authors: Ries Nola M. , Johnston Briony , Jansen Jesse 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe patient–clinician interaction is a site at which defensive practice could occur, when clinicians provide tests, procedures and treatments mainly to reduce perceived legal risks, rather than to advance patient care. Defensive practice is a driver of low‐value care and exposes patients to the risks of unnecessary interventions. To date, patient perspectives on defensive practice and its impacts on them are largely missing from the literature. This exploratory study conducted in Australia aimed to examine the views and experiences of healthcare consumer representatives in this under‐examined area.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with healthcare consumer representatives involved in healthcare consumer advocacy organisations in Australia. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsNine healthcare consumer representatives participated. Most had over 20 years of involvement and advocacy in healthcare, including personal experiences as a patient or carer and/or formal service roles on committees or complaint bodies for healthcare organisations. Participants uniformly viewed defensive practice as having a negative impact on the clinician–patient relationship. Themes identified the importance of fostering patient–clinician partnership, effective communication and informed decision‐making. The themes support a shift from the concept of defensive practice to preventive practice in partnership, which focuses on the shared interests of patients and clinicians in achieving safe and high‐value care.ConclusionThis Australian study offers healthcare consumers' perspectives on the impacts of defensive practice on patients. The findings highlight the features of clinician–patient partnership that will help to improve communication and decision‐making, and prevent the defensive provision of low‐value care.Patient or Public ContributionHealthcare consumer representatives were involved as participants in this study.
Blaming others for their illness: The influence of health‐related implicit theories on blame and social support
Authors: Dohle Simone , Schreiber Mike , Wingen Tobias , Baumann Marie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSome people believe that their own health is rather malleable and can be changed (incremental theory), whereas other people believe that their health is relatively fixed (entity theory). Previous research suggests that individuals who hold a strong incremental theory of health have more positive health‐related attitudes and engage in more health‐promoting behaviors in everyday life. However, less is known about the interpersonal effects of an incremental theory of health. A strong incremental theory of health could have detrimental consequences, such as increasing blame and reducing social support towards others who are ill. To test this, two studies (Study 1: N = 433, Study 2: N = 397) were conducted in which implicit theories of health (incremental vs. entity) were experimentally manipulated, and participants were presented with vignettes describing individuals suffering from different illnesses. The dependent variables included blame, sympathy, outcome expectancy, and social support. Study 1 demonstrated that an incremental theory of health increased blame towards people suffering from an illness, regardless of whether a physical or mental illness was presented, and blame indirectly attenuated social support. Study 2 showed that an incremental theory increased outcome expectancy, which indirectly amplified social support. In sum, this research suggests that an incremental theory of health may decrease social support via blame, but increases in outcome expectancy may counteract this effect.
Council Checks of the Commission under the European Semester: Does Member State Power and Euroscepticism Still Matter?*
Authors: Baerg Nicole , Hallerberg Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe European Commission recommends evaluations of the economic plans of member states. The Council then provides final text. Previous research suggests that the Council selectively edits the Commission's recommendations. Both large member states and those with eurosceptic populations are likely to have the Council weaken what the Commission writes about them. We examine the determinants of the Council's editing of these texts after the introduction of the European Semester in the period 2011–18. We also account for different varieties of euroscepticism as the literature has become more differentiated. Using metrics of textual changes based on automated and hand‐coding, we find little evidence of a systematic relationship between euroscepticism and textual editing. We do, however, find evidence that member state's voting power and euro status matters. Our findings suggest that eurosceptic no longer affects textual editing of such documents under the European Semester.
The EU's New Economic Governance Framework and Budgetary Decision‐Making in the Member States: Boon or Bane for Throughput Legitimacy?*
Authors: Csehi Robert , Schulz Daniel F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe euro crisis has sparked changes in the EU's economic governance framework and a crisis of legitimacy across the union. While the institutional repercussions of the crisis have been studied before, the democratic impact at the national level has received much less attention. This paper aims to fill this gap, focusing on the procedural changes that the EU's new economic governance (NEG) framework has brought to national budgetary decision‐making. Building upon the Varieties of Democracy framework, the paper adds empirical nuance and conceptual clarity to the notion of ‘throughput legitimacy’ and its components: openness, inclusiveness, transparency and accountability. Detailed case studies of post‐crisis Austria, Italy and Portugal show that the NEG improved access to national budgetary decision‐making and enhanced executive scrutiny, while excessive complexity remains the Achilles' heel of EU fiscal rules. We submit that these procedural changes are too meaningful to be overlooked in post‐crisis debates about EU democracy.
Healthcare resource utilization in patients treated with empagliflozin in East Asia
Authors: Sheu Wayne H‐H , Seino Yutaka , Tan Elise Chia‐Hui , Yabe Daisuke , Ha Kyoung Hwa , Nangaku Masaomi , Chung Wook‐Jin , Node Koichi , Yasui Atsutaka , Lei Wei‐Yu , Lee Sunwoo , Ustyugova Anastasia , Klement Riho , Deruaz‐Luyet Anouk , Kyaw Moe H , Kim Dae Jung ,   the EMPRISE East Asia study group
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionWe investigated the utilization of healthcare resources in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors in clinical practice in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the Japanese Medical Data Vision database (December 2014–April 2018), the South Korean National Health Information Database, and the Taiwanese National Health Insurance claims database (both May 2016–December 2017). Patients with type 2 diabetes starting empagliflozin, 10 or 25 mg, or a DPP‐4 inhibitor were matched 1:1 via propensity scores (PS). We compared inpatient care needs, emergency room (ER) visits, and outpatient visits between the treatment groups using Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazards models, pooled across countries by random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsWe identified 28,712 pairs of PS‐matched patients; the mean follow‐up was 5.7–6.8 months. Empagliflozin‐treated patients had a 27% lower risk of all‐cause hospitalization compared with DPP‐4 inhibitor–treated patients (rate ratio [RR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.67–0.79), and 23% reduced risk for first hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.73–0.81). The risk for an ER visit was 12% lower with empagliflozin than with DPP‐4 inhibitors (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.94) while the risk for outpatient visit was 4% lower (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.96–0.97). These findings were generally consistent across countries, regardless of baseline cardiovascular disease, and in the subgroup starting empagliflozin with the 10 mg dose.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin treatment was associated with lower inpatient care needs and other healthcare resource utilization than DPP‐4 inhibitors in routine clinical practice in East Asia in this study.
The electrophysiologic properties of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons
Authors: Constantin Stephanie , Moenter Suzanne M. , Piet Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor about two decades, recordings of identified gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons have provided a wealth of information on their properties. We describe areas of consensus and debate the intrinsic electrophysiologic properties of these cells, their response to fast synaptic and neuromodulatory input, Ca2+ imaging correlates of action potential firing, and signaling pathways regulating these aspects. How steroid feedback and development change these properties, functions of GnRH neuron subcompartments and local networks, as revealed by chemo‐ and optogenetic approaches, are also considered.
Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A for postoperative scar prevention and wound healing improvement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Ziyao , Huang Hanzi , Huang Jiuzuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has shown underlying effects for wound healing improvement. New small clinical trials keep emerging every year and updated evidence‐based information is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BTXA for preventing scarring.MethodsFour databases were searched to recruit randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which compared the surgical wounds treated with BTXA vs. those treated with placebo or blank control. The outcomes were primarily quantified by measures including the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scales (SBSES), modified SBSES (mSBSES), and scar width. Patients’ satisfaction and adverse events were also reported.ResultsIn total, 16 RCTs involving 671 cases (510 patients) were included. The outcome showed significant superiority of BTXA in VSS (mean difference [MD] = −1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.00 to −0.65, p = 0.0001), VAS (MD = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.52, p < 0.00001), SBSES or mSBSES (MD = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.10, p < 0.0001), scar width (MD = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.10, p < 0.0001), and patients’ satisfaction (risk ratio [RR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06–1.49, p = 0.01). No significant difference of adverse events incidence was observed (RR = 1.46 95% CI: 0.64–3.33, p = 0.36).ConclusionsBotulinum toxin type A is effective and safe for postoperative scar prevention and wound healing improvement, especially for facial wounds of Asians. Further studies should manage to standardize the treatment algorithm, while mSBSES is recommended for scar assessment.
Firm heterogeneity, variable markups, and multinational production: A review from trade policy perspective
Authors: Ding Ziran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys the main ingredients and results of heterogeneous firms trade policy literature that has been developing since the early 2000s. First, I present the stylized facts regarding firm heterogeneity, firm‐level markups, and multinational production's (MP) global structure. I then survey the trade policy papers that build on the workhorse model of firm heterogeneity. Third, I summarize the recent development of theoretical approaches of modeling the firm‐level markups and its trade policy implication. Fourth, I discuss the theoretical frameworks that incorporate MP into heterogeneous firms' framework and their trade policy implication. Finally, I discuss directions for future research and offer suggestions for further readings.
Revisiting oral thrush in South‐East Asian patients: A review of published studies (2000–2020)
Authors: Karajacob Alexandria Sonia , Al‐Maleki Anis Rageh , Tay Sun Tee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral thrush, a clinical condition due to an overgrowth of Candida yeasts in the oral cavity, is prominent in patients with immunosuppression. As recent updates on oral thrush in South‐East Asian (SEA) countries are lacking, this review aimed to address the epidemiology, clinical features and distribution of Candida species, based on published studies in SEA countries over the last two decades.MethodsPublished studies on oral candidiasis (2000–2020) were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar databases to provide information on the incidence and factors affecting oral thrush cases in SEA countries.ResultsA total of 22 cross‐sectional studies involving 3697 subjects from five SEA countries were reviewed in this study. The most frequently reported population were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients. The overall incidence rates amongst HIV‐infected patients ranged from 20.7% to 97.0%, while incidence rates ranging from 0% to 72.7% were recorded for non‐HIV‐infected populations. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and erythematous candidiasis were the most common clinical presentations of oral thrush lesions. Candida albicans was the most common species identified in SEA studies. As oral thrush assessments were made merely based on clinical diagnosis, culture results were not available for most studies.ConclusionThis review highlights that most studies reporting on oral candidiasis in SEA countries were based on HIV‐positive patients. Data are still lacking on oral candidiasis amongst non‐HIV immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Increasing awareness on the diagnosis, treatment and consequences of this infection, and improved laboratory methods are essential for the management of oral candidiasis in this region.