bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge defects inducing asymmetric transverse domain walls created in Ni80Fe20 nanowires
Authors: Hoang Duc-Quang , Cao Xuan-Huu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Polycrystalline permalloy nanowires (NWs) with different widths were studied by means of a Lorentz microscope associated with micro-magnetic simulations. Each NW was designed to create a single head-to-head transverse domain wall (DW). Edge defects at the long edges of those NWs were incrementally controlled. Therein, a single pixel at different positions along the NW edges was removed. The horizontal NWs were rotated with different angles, i.e. ±5°, ±10°, ±30° and ±45°, to produce a certain level of edge roughness. Some curved NWs with different widths were also designed, simulated and patterned. Lorentz images of those curved NWs were recorded. The asymmetric levels of such created walls were measured and correlated to our wall phase diagram. The obtained results showed that the edge defects created along either side of a NW strongly induce the asymmetric level of a transverse DW.
Highly stable metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH2 for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Wang Yong-Mei , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Dingyi , Wu Liting , Zhang Jiaojiao , Lei Tianmin , Yang Rusen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The high porosity, controllable size, high surface area, and chemical versatility of a metal-organic framework (MOF) enable it a good material for a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and some MOFs have been incorporated in the fabrication of TENGs. However, the understanding of effects of MOFs on the energy conversion of a TENG is still lacking, which inhibits the improvement of the performance of MOF-based TENGs. Here, UiO-66-NH2 MOFs were found to significantly increase the power of a TENG and the mechanism was carefully examined. The electron-withdrawing (EW) ability of Zr-based UiO-66-family MOFs was enhanced by designing the amino functionalized 1,4-terephthalic acid (1,4-BDC) as ligand. The chemically modified UiO-66-NH2 was found to increase the surface roughness and surface potential of a composite film with MOFs embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Thus the total charges due to the contact electrification increased significantly. The composite-based TENG was found to be very durable and its output voltage and current were 4 times and 60 times higher than that of a PDMS-based TENG. This work revealed an effective strategy to design MOFs with excellent EW abilities for high-performance TENGs.
Ge2Sb2Te5-based nanocavity metasurface for enhancement of third harmonic generation
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Xuecai , Tang Yutao , Cai Wenfeng , Liu Kuan , Mao Ningbin , Li Kingfai , Deng Junhong , Liu Yanjun , Cao Tun , Li Guixin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The third-order nonlinear processes in nanophotonic devices may have great potentials for developing ultra-compact nonlinear optical sources, ultrafast optical switches and modulators, etc. It is known that the performance of the nonlinear nanophotonic devices strongly relies on the optical resonances and the selection of appropriate nonlinear materials. Here, we demonstrate that the third harmonic generations (THG) can be greatly enhanced at subwavelength scale by incorporating α-Ge2Sb2Te5 (α-GST) into the nanocavity metasurface. Under pumping of a near-infrared femtosecond laser, the THG from the nanocavity metasurface is ∼50 times stronger than that from the bare GST planar film. In addition, the nanocavity metasurface also provides a powerful platform for characterizing the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the active medium in the cavity. We expect that the GST-based nanocavity metasurface could open new routes for achieving high efficiency nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
Preferences of Persons With or at Risk for Hepatitis C for Long-Acting Treatments
Authors: Weld Ethel D , Astemborski Jacqueline , Kirk Gregory D , Sulkowski Mark S , Katz Stephanie , Rothman Richard , Solomon Sunil S , Matthews Gail V , Hsieh Yu Hsiang , Verma Malvika , Traverso Giovanni , Swindells Susan , Owen Andrew , Feld Jordan , Flexner Charles , Mehta Shruti H , Thomas David L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Whereas safe, curative treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been available since 2015, there are still 58 million infected persons worldwide, and global elimination may require new paradigms. We sought to understand the acceptability of approaches to long-acting HCV treatment.

Methods
A cross-sectional, 43-question survey was administered to 1457 individuals with or at risk of HCV at 28 sites in 9 countries to assess comparative interest in a variety of long-acting strategies in comparison with oral pills.

Results
Among HCV-positive participants, 37.7% most preferred an injection, 5.6% an implant, and 6% a gastric residence device, as compared with 50.8% who stated they would most prefer taking 1–3 pills per day. When compared directly to taking pills, differences were observed in the relative preference for an injection based on age (P&lt;.001), location (P&lt;.001), and prior receipt of HCV treatment (P=.005) but not sex. When an implant was compared with pills, greater preference was represented by women (P=.01) and adults of younger ages (P=.01 per 5 years). Among participants without HCV, 49.5% believed that injections are stronger than pills and 34.7% preferred taking injections to pills. Among those at-risk participants who had received injectable medications in the past, 123 of 137 (89.8%) expressed willingness to receive one in the future.

Conclusions
These data point to high acceptability of long-acting treatments, which for a substantial minority might even be preferred to pills for the treatment of HCV infection. Long-acting treatments for HCV infection might contribute to global efforts to eliminate hepatitis C.
Translation of MT-ATP6 pathogenic variants reveals distinct regulatory consequences from the co-translational quality control of mitochondrial protein synthesis
Authors: Ng Kah Ying , Richter Uwe , Jackson Christopher B , Seneca Sara , Battersby Brendan J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pathogenic variants that disrupt human mitochondrial protein synthesis are associated with a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases. Despite an impairment in oxidative phosphorylation being a common phenotype, the underlying molecular pathogenesis is more complex than simply a bioenergetic deficiency. Currently, we have limited mechanistic understanding on the scope by which a primary defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis contributes to organelle dysfunction. Since the proteins encoded in the mitochondrial genome are hydrophobic and need co-translational insertion into a lipid bilayer, responsive quality control mechanisms are required to resolve aberrations that arise with the synthesis of truncated and misfolded proteins. Here, we show that defects in the OXA1L-mediated insertion of MT-ATP6 nascent chains into the mitochondrial inner membrane are rapidly resolved by the AFG3L2 protease complex. Using pathogenic MT-ATP6 variants, we then reveal discrete steps in this quality control mechanism and the differential functional consequences to mitochondrial gene expression. The inherent ability of a given cell type to recognize and resolve impairments in mitochondrial protein synthesis may in part contribute at the molecular level to the wide clinical spectrum of these disorders.
Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: galaxy sample for BAO measurement
Authors: Rosell A Carnero , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Crocce M , Elvin-Poole J , Porredon A , Ferrero I , Mena-Fernández J , Cawthon R , De Vicente J , Gaztanaga E , Ross A J , Sanchez E , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Alves O , Andrade-Oliveira F , Asorey J , Avila S , Brandao-Souza A , Camacho H , Chan K C , Ferté A , Muir J , Riquelme W , Rosenfeld R , Cid D Sanchez , Hartley W G , Weaverdyck N , Abbott T , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Bertin E , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D , Calcino J , Carollo D , Kind M Carrasco , Carretero J , Castander F , Choi A , Conselice C , Costanzi M , da Costa L , da Silva Pereira M E , Davis T , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Drlica-Wagner A , Eckert K , Everett S , Evrard A , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , Garcia-Bellido J , Gerdes D , Giannantonio T , Glazebrook K , Gruen D , Gruendl R , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S , Hollowood D , Honscheid K , Hoyle B , Huterer D , James D , Kim A , Krause E , Kuehn K , Lahav O , Lewis G , Lidman C , Lima M , Maia M , Malik U , Marshall J , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Mohr J , Moller A , Morgan R , Ogando R , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchon F , Percival W , Pieres A , Malagón A Plazas , Roodman A , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sharp R , Sheldon E , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Tucker B , Tucker D , Uddin S , Varga T N ,   DES Collaboration
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present and validate the galaxy sample used for the analysis of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signal in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Y3 data. The definition is based on a colour and redshift-dependent magnitude cut optimized to select galaxies at redshifts higher than 0.5, while ensuring a high-quality determination. The sample covers ${\sim }\, 4100$ deg2to a depth of i = 22.3 (AB) at 10σ. It contains 7031 993 galaxies in the redshift range from $z$ = 0.6 to 1.1, with a mean effective redshift of 0.835. Redshifts are estimated with the machine learning algorithm dnf, and are validated using the VIPERS PDR2 sample. We find a mean redshift bias of $z_{\mathrm{bias}} {\sim }\, 0.01$ and a mean uncertainty, in units of 1 + $z$, of $\sigma _{68} {\sim }\, 0.03$. We evaluate the galaxy population of the sample, showing it is mostly built upon Elliptical to Sbc types. Furthermore, we find a low level of stellar contamination of $\lesssim 4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. We present the method used to mitigate the effect of spurious clustering coming from observing conditions and other large-scale systematics. We apply it to the BAO sample and calculate weights that are used to get a robust estimate of the galaxy clustering signal. This paper is one of a series dedicated to the analysis of the BAO signal in DES Y3. In the companion papers, we present the galaxy mock catalogues used to calibrate the analysis and the angular diameter distance constraints obtained through the fitting to the BAO scale.
Nucleosomes enter cells by clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis
Authors: Wang Huawei , Shan Xiajing , Ren Mengtian , Shang Mengdi , Zhou Chuanzheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
DNA damage and apoptosis lead to the release of free nucleosomes—the basic structural repeating units of chromatin—into the blood circulation system. We recently reported that free nucleosomes that enter the cytoplasm of mammalian cells trigger immune responses by activating cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). In the present study, we designed experiments to reveal the mechanism of nucleosome uptake by human cells. We showed that nucleosomes are first absorbed on the cell membrane through nonspecific electrostatic interactions between positively charged histone N-terminal tails and ligands on the cell surface, followed by internalization via clathrin- or caveolae-dependent endocytosis. After cellular internalization, endosomal escape occurs rapidly, and nucleosomes are released into the cytosol, maintaining structural integrity for an extended period. The efficient endocytosis of extracellular nucleosomes suggests that circulating nucleosomes may lead to cellular disorders as well as immunostimulation, and thus, the biological effects exerted by endocytic nucleosomes should be addressed in the future.
Protein lipoylation in mitochondria requires Fe–S cluster assembly factors NFU4 and NFU5
Authors: Przybyla-Toscano Jonathan , Maclean Andrew E , Franceschetti Marina , Liebsch Daniela , Vignols Florence , Keech Olivier , Rouhier Nicolas , Balk Janneke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Plants have evolutionarily conserved NifU (NFU)-domain proteins that are targeted to plastids or mitochondria. “Plastid-type” NFU1, NFU2, and NFU3 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) play a role in iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster assembly in this organelle, whereas the type-II NFU4 and NFU5 proteins have not been subjected to mutant studies in any plant species to determine their biological role. Here, we confirmed that NFU4 and NFU5 are targeted to the mitochondria. The proteins were constitutively produced in all parts of the plant, suggesting a housekeeping function. Double nfu4 nfu5 knockout mutants were embryonic lethal, and depletion of NFU4 and NFU5 proteins led to growth arrest of young seedlings. Biochemical analyses revealed that NFU4 and NFU5 are required for lipoylation of the H proteins of the glycine decarboxylase complex and the E2 subunits of other mitochondrial dehydrogenases, with little impact on Fe–S cluster-containing respiratory complexes or aconitase. Consequently, the Gly-to-Ser ratio was increased in mutant seedlings and early growth improved with elevated CO2 treatment. In addition, pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, and branched-chain amino acids accumulated in nfu4 nfu5 mutants, further supporting defects in the other three mitochondrial lipoate-dependent enzyme complexes. NFU4 and NFU5 interacted with mitochondrial lipoyl synthase (LIP1) in yeast 2-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. These data indicate that NFU4 and NFU5 have a more specific function than previously thought, most likely providing Fe–S clusters to lipoyl synthase.
Update in palliative care in gynecologic oncology
Authors: Karlin Daniel , Khoo Teresa , Pietras Christopher 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
This review summarizes research advances in quality of life, symptom management, and end-of-life practices within palliative care that can benefit patients with gynecologic cancers.

Recent findings
Addressing fertility issues, sexual side effects, and possible disease recurrence can promote quality of life in gynecologic cancer survivors. Cannabis can provide some benefit for nausea and neuropathic pain, yet for nonneuropathic pain presentations, it does not appear to provide significant benefit in reducing opioid usage. Lastly, palliative care outcomes, such as reduced aggressive care at the end of life and higher rates of hospice enrollment are augmented by the presence of an outpatient palliative care clinic.

Summary
Ongoing advances in palliative care research hold potential for improvement in systems delivery of palliative care as well as symptom management and psychosocial support.
When is enough, enough? Exploring ethical and team considerations in paediatric cardiac care dilemmas
Authors: Lynch Aine , Kirsch Roxanne 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Therapies for paediatric congenital and acquired heart disease continue to evolve and the appropriateness of pursuing life sustaining interventions at margins of standard therapy is ethically challenging.

Recent findings
With ongoing emphasis on shared decision making, recent literature explored physician and parental perspectives on communication with families and offering interventions for complex congenital heart disease and advanced heart failure. The inclusion of parental values and views in this process is now widely accepted. Identified outstanding challenges include difficulty with prognostication from the outset, adjusting long-term goals of care to changes in clinical parameters, need for consistency in communication including regular review meetings with family or surrogate decision-makers. Bioethics consultation and multidisciplinary team reviews may be helpful supports. Palliative care involvement in this population improves quality of life and alleviates parental distress but this collaboration is not optimized.

Summary
Decision to offer, forgo, or discontinue life-sustaining therapies for children with heart disease has nuanced and context-specific considerations, and must integrate burdens of interventions with patient and family values. Thus, decision making remains complex and demands thoughtful review of not only risks and benefits, but views and values, clearly communicated to team and family.
The emerging role of cardiac contractility modulation in heart failure treatment
Authors: Chinyere Ikeotunye R. , Balakrishnan Mahesh , Hutchinson Mathew D. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Heart failure often progresses despite optimal medical and device therapies, and advanced mechanical circulatory support has limited availability and substantial associated morbidity. Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) provides nonexcitatory stimulation to ventricular myocardium which increases cardiac contractility without increasing oxygen demand. This review describes the emerging role of CCM in heart failure treatment.

Recent findings
The FIX-HF-5C2 study demonstrated similar safety and efficacy profile of the two-lead Optimizer device in comparison with the prior three-lead system, thereby decreasing procedural complexity and minimizing endocardial hardware. The FIX-HF-5C trial underscored the benefit of CCM in patients with mild-moderate left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction, 25–45%) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III symptoms. The summarized randomized trial data show consistent improvements in peak VO2, 6-min walk distance, and NYHA functional class with CCM. Future trials are planned to determine the role of CCM in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction, obligate ventricular pacing, and atrial arrhythmias.

Summary
Nonexcitatory extracellular electric potentials can facilitate inotropic improvements in the failing heart. The mechanism of CCM does not increase myocardial oxygen consumption and has been shown to mitigate heart failure symptoms, decrease hospitalizations, and work in synergy with guideline-directed therapy for heart failure.
CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and its relationship with biomarkers of thrombosis, inflammation and myocardial injury
Authors: Arcari Luca , Luciani Michelangelo , Cacciotti Luca , Musumeci Maria Beatrice , Spuntarelli Valerio , Bentivegna Enrico , Camastra Giovanni , Ansalone Gerardo , Santini Claudio , Martelletti Paolo , Volpe Massimo , De Biase Luciano 
Published: October 2021

CHA2DS2-VASC score associates with worse prognosis in coronavirus-disease-19 (COVID-19). This study investigated laboratory correlates of increasing CHA2DS2- VASc in patients with COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 were stratified by CHA2DS2-VASc (Group 1: CHA2DS2-VASc 0-1; Group 2: CHA2DS2-VASc 2-3; Group 3: CHA2DS2-VASc ≥4). We found stepwise increase of D-dimer, hs-Troponin and in-hospital mortality across groups (all P < 0.01). D-dimer and hs-Troponin remained independently associated with CHA2DS2-VASc (B = 0.145, P = 0.03; B = 0.320, P < 0.001, respectively). We found significant correlations between D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) in Group 1 and 2, not in Group 3 (r
2 = 0.103, P = 0.005; r

2
= 0.226, P = 0.001; r

2
= 0.021, P = 0.253 respectively), and between D-dimer and hs-Troponin in group 2 and 3, not in Group 1 (r
2 = 0.122, P = 0.003; r
2 = 0.120, P = 0.007; r
2 = 0.006, P = 0.514 respectively). In our cohort, CHA2DS2- VASc was independently associated with D-dimer and hs- Troponin increase. Variable relationships of D-dimer with hs-Troponin and CRP within different CHA2DS2-VASc strata suggest multiple mechanisms to be responsible for D-dimer increase in COVID-19.
The hepatitis C cascade of care in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected individuals in Europe: regional and intra-regional differences
Authors: Fursa Olga , Mocroft Amanda , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Amele Sarah , Lundgren Jens , Matulionyte Raimonda , Rasmussen Line D. , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Parczewski Milosz , Jilich David , Moreno Santiago , Vassilenko Anna , Lacombe Karine , Wandeler Gilles , Borodulina Elena , Brännström Johanna , Wiese Lothar , Orkin Chloe , Behrens Georg M.N. , Mansinho Kamal , Portu Jose Joaquin , Peters Lars 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Following the introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapy in 2013, WHO launched the first Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis. We describe a hepatitis C virus (HCV) cascade of care in people with HIV (PWH) across Europe in terms of reaching the WHO elimination targets of diagnosing 90% and treating 80% of HCV-infected individuals.

Methods:
HIV/HCV-coinfected participants in the EuroSIDA cohort under prospective follow-up at October 1, 2019, were described using a nine-stage cascade of care. Care cascades were constructed across Europe, on a regional (n = 5) and country (n = 21) level.

Results:
Of 4773 anti-HCV positive PWH, 4446 [93.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 92.4–93.9)] were ever tested for HCV RNA, and 19.0% (95% CI 16.4–21.6) were currently HCV RNA positive, with the highest prevalence in Eastern and Central-Eastern Europe (33.7 and 29.6%, respectively). In Eastern Europe, 78.1% of the estimated number of chronic infections have been diagnosed, whereas this proportion was above 95% in the other four regions. Overall, 3116 persons have ever started treatment (72.5% of the ever chronically infected, 95% CI 70.9–74.0) and 2404 individuals (55.9% of the ever chronically infected, 95% CI 53.9–57.9) were cured. Cure proportion ranged from 11.2% in Belarus to 87.2% in Austria.

Conclusion:
In all regions except Eastern Europe, more than 90% of the study participants have been tested for HCV-RNA. In Southern and Central-Western regions, more than 80% ever chronically HCV-infected PWH received treatment. The proportion with cured HCV infection did not exceed 80% in any region, with significant heterogeneity between countries.

Summary:
In a pan-European cohort of PWH, all regions except Eastern Europe achieved the WHO target of diagnosing 90% of chronic HCV infections, while the target of treating 80% of eligible persons was achieved in none of the five regions.
Parametric Multi-Scale Modeling of the Zygomaticus Major and Minor: Implications for Facial Reanimation
Authors: Peer Munawar , Tran John , Li Zhi , Fattah Adel Y. , Agur Anne M.R. , Davies Joel C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Facial paralysis can severely impact functionality and mental health. Facial reanimation surgery can improve facial symmetry and movement. Zygomaticus minor (Zmin) and zygomaticus major (Zmaj) are 2 important perioral muscles, that function to elevate the upper lip, contributing to the formation of a smile. The objective of this study was to analyze the morphology in three-dimensional (3D) and quantify architectural parameters of Zmin and Zmaj. In ten formalin-embalmed specimens, Zmin and Zmaj were serially dissected and digitized at the fiber bundle level. The 2 muscles were modeled in 3D to construct high fidelity models. The 3D models were used to assess muscle morphology and quantify architectural parameters including mean fiber bundle length, physiological cross-sectional area, and line of action. Zygomaticus minor fiber bundles were oriented horizontally or slightly obliquely and had a muscular attachment to the medial modiolus. Zygomaticus minor was found to either have no partitions or medial and lateral partitions. Specimens with partitions were divided into type 1 and type 2. Type 1 consisted of a medial partition with fiber bundles attaching to the zygomatic bone at the inferior margin of the orbit. The type 2 medial partition attached to the lateral margin of the orbit to attach to the zygomatic bone. Zygomaticus major had obliquely oriented fiber bundles with most specimens having inferior and superior partitions attaching to the inferior aspect of the zygomatic bone. Zygomaticus major was found to have a greater mean fiber bundle length and physiological cross-sectional area than Zmin. The direction of the line of action of Zmin and Zmaj was closely related to fiber bundle arrangement. Detailed 3D anatomical understanding of Zmin and Zmaj, at the fiber bundle level, is critical for reconstructive surgeons performing dynamic facial reanimation. This data can be used to assist with selecting the ideal donor site for reconstruction.