bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of eliminating pre‐discharge transthoracic echocardiogram on outcomes after TAVR
Authors: Welle Garrett A. , El‐Sabawi Bassim , Thaden Jeremy J. , Greason Kevin L. , Klarich Kyle W. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Alkhouli Mohamad A. , Guerrero Mayra E. , Crestanello Juan A. , Gulati Rajiv , Rihal Charanjit S. , Eleid Mackram F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the safety of eliminating the pre‐discharge transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) on 30‐day outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundTTE is utilized before, during, and after TAVR. Post‐procedural, pre‐discharge TTE assists in assessment of prosthesis function and detection of clinically significant paravalvular leak (PVL) after TAVR.MethodsPatients who underwent TAVR at Mayo Clinic from July 2018 to July 2019 were included in a prospective institutional registry. Patients undergoing TAVR prior to February 2019 received a pre‐discharge TTE, while those undergoing TAVR after February 2019 did not. Both cohorts were evaluated with TTE at 30 days post‐TAVR.ResultsA total of 330 consecutive patients were included. Of these, 160 patients (age 81.1 ± 7.6) had routine pre‐discharge TTE, while 170 patients (age 78.9 ± 7.5) were dismissed without routine pre‐discharge TTE. Mortality at 30 days was similar between the two groups (0% and 1.2%, respectively). One episode of PVL requiring intervention (0.6%) occurred in the pre‐discharge TTE group and none in the group without pre‐discharge TTE at 30‐day follow‐up. There was a similar incidence of total composite primary and secondary adverse events between the cohort receiving a pre‐discharge TTE and those without (28.1% vs. 25.3%, P = 0.56) at 30 days. The most common event was need for permanent pacemaker or ICD implantation in both groups (13.1% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.71).ConclusionsElimination of the pre‐discharge TTE is safe and associated with comparable 30‐day outcomes to routine pre‐discharge TTE. These findings have implication for TAVR practice cost‐efficiency and health care utilization.
Hybrid ZnSe‐SnSe2 Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐doped Carbon Nanocube Heterostructures with Enhanced and Ultra‐stable Lithium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Yu Litao , Kim Kyung Su , Saeed Ghuzanfar , Kang Jun , Kim Kwang Ho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBimetallic selenide composites with multiple valence transitions and high theoretical capacities have attracted great attention as lithium‐ion‐battery anodes, but their rapid capacity fading and scarce research limit their development. Herein, novel hybrid ZnSe‐SnSe2 nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped carbon nanocubes (ZSS⊂NCNs) are synthesized by a facile nucleation assembly, carbon coating, and in situ selenation route. The obtained uniform ZSS⊂NCN materials exhibit high surface area, N‐doping carbon shell, extra inner void space, and excellent resilient mechanism nanostructure, which provide amounts of active sites, outstanding electrochemical kinetics, and buffer the volume expansion in the conversion and alloy/dealloy processes. For lithium‐ion‐battery half‐cells, the uniform ZSS⊂NCN materials display a high initial coulombic efficiency of 81.9 %, an increased capacity of 846.6 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 100 cycles, and an excellent rate capability (414.1 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1). When assembled with a LiMn2O4 cathode, the ZSS⊂NCNs//LiMn2O4 full cells also present excellent electrochemical properties. Ex situ XRD analyses at different potentials in the lithiation/delithiation processes confirm a polymorphic phase transformation in the ZSS⊂NCNs. The synthesized ZSS⊂NCN enriched bimetallic selenide composites and the facile synthesis route provide a strategy for other bimetallic selenides, sulfide or phosphide composites with stable nanostructure to be utilized in energy storage.
Recognition of 1‐phenylethylamine enantiomers by thin solid films of inherently chiral calix[4]arene
Authors: Kazantseva Zoya I. , Koshets Igor A. , Trybrat Oleksandr O. , Yesypenko Oleksandr A. , Kalchenko Vitali I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe enantiodiscrimination properties of stereomerically pure inherently chiral calix[4]arene acetic acids, as well as their esters and amides in relation to 1‐phenylethylamine stereoisomers in liquid and gaseous phases were studied by means of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) techniques. Series of QCM sensors with thin films of inherently chiral calix[4]arenes, immobilized on the quartz resonator surfaces by spin‐coating and spreading drop methods have been fabricated. It was shown that sensors based on calix[4]arene acetic acids are able to recognize R‐ and S‐forms of 1‐phenylethylamine in gaseous phase under concentration level of 10–400 ppm.
Photoinduced FeCl3‐Catalyzed Alkyl Aromatics Oxidation toward Degradation of Polystyrene at Room Temperature†
Authors: Zhang Guoxiang , Zhang Zongnan , Zeng Rong 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusionWhile polystyrene is widely used in daily life as a synthetic plastic, the subsequently selective degradation is still very challenging and highly required. Herein, we disclose a highly practical and selective reaction for the catalytically efficient oxidation of alkyl aromatics (including 1°, 2°, and 3° alkyl aromatics) to carboxylic acids. While dioxygen was used as the sole terminal oxidant, this protocol was catalyzed by the inexpensive and readily available ferric compound (FeCl3) with irradiation of visible light (blue LEDs) under only 1 atmosphere of O2 at room temperature. This system could further facilitate the selective degradation of polystyrene to benzoic acid, providing an important and practical tool to generate high‐value chemical from abundant polystyrene wastes.
Phase Behaviors of Multi‐tailed B2AB2‐Type Regio‐isomeric Giant Surfactants at the Columnar‐Spherical Boundary†
Authors: Shao Yu , Han Di , Yan Xiaojin , Hou Bo , Li Yiwen , He Jinlin , Fu Qiang , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusionWe report herein the precision synthesis and phase behaviors of multi‐tailed B2AB2‐type regio‐isomeric giant surfactants consisting of a hydrophilic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) head tethered with four hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) tails. The synthesis was accomplished through two sequential “click” reactions to give a series of regio‐isomeric giant surfactants S2DS2 (where S is short for PS tails and D for hydroxyl‐functionalized POSS) in para‐, meta‐, and ortho‐configurations. Their phase structures and phase behaviors at the columnar‐spherical boundary were investigated with a single PS tail molecular weight of 1.4 kDa. Specifically, the para‐ and meta‐isomers show hexagonally packed cylinders phases with slightly different order‐disorder transition temperatures (~120 °C and ~130 °C) and the ortho‐isomer exhibits an order‐order transition from a kinetically favored, metastable dodecagonal quasi‐crystal phase to a thermodynamically stable sigma phase at ~120 °C, as well as a further transition into the disordered state at ~140 °C. The phase diagram was constructed and their differences were rationalized based on the calculated interfacial area per molecule. This work demonstrates that tiny structural disparity could not only lead to unconventional phase formation in single‐component macromolecules, but also render dynamic and rich phase behaviors in these macromolecular assemblies.
Evaluating two land surface models for Brazil using a full carbon cycle benchmark with uncertainties
Authors: Caen Auguste , Smallman T. Luke , de Castro Aline Anderson , Robertson Eddy , von Randow Celso , Cardoso Manoel , Williams Mathew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForecasts of tropical ecosystem C cycling diverge among models due to differences in simulation of internal processes such as turnover, or transit times, of carbon pools. Estimates of these processes for the recent past are needed to test model representations, and so build confidence in model forecasts within and across biomes. Here, we evaluate carbon cycle process representation in two land surface models [Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) and Integrated Model of Land Surface Processes (INLAND)] for the period 2001–10 across Brazilian biomes. Model outputs are evaluated using the ILAMB system. Probabilistic benchmarking data were created using the carbon data model framework that assimilates observational times series of leaf area index and maps of woody biomass and soil C. New custom uncertainty metrics assess if models are within benchmark uncertainties. Simulations are better in homogeneous areas of vegetation type, and are less robust at ecotones between biomes, likely due to disturbance effects and parameter errors. Gross biosphere‐atmosphere fluxes are robustly modelled across Brazil. However, benchmark uncertainty is too high on net ecosystem exchange to provide an accurate evaluation of the models. The LSMs have significant differences in internal carbon allocation and the dynamics of the different C pools. JULES models dead C stocks more accurately while living C stocks are best resolved for INLAND. JULES' over‐estimate of the C wood pool results from over‐estimation of both inputs to wood and the transit time of wood. INLAND's under‐estimate of dead C stocks arises from an under‐estimate of the transit time of dead organic matter. The models are better at simulating annual averages than seasonal variation of fluxes. Analyses of monthly net C exchanges show that INLAND correctly simulates seasonality, but over‐estimates amplitudes, whereas JULES correctly simulates the annual amplitudes, but is out of phase with the benchmark.
A fast and accurate threat detection and prevention architecture using stream processing
Authors: Lobato Antonio G. Pastana , Andreoni Lopez Martin , Cardenas Alvaro A. , Duarte Otto Carlos M. B. , Pujolle Guy 
Published: August 2021

SummaryLate detection of security breaches increases the risk of irreparable damages and limits any mitigation attempts. We propose a fast and accurate threat detection and prevention architecture that combines the advantages of real‐time streaming with batch processing over a historical database. We create a dataset by capturing both legitimate and malicious traffic and propose two ways of combining packets into flows, one considering a time window and the other analyzing the first few packets of each flow per period. We also investigate the effectiveness of our proposal on real‐world network traces obtained from a significant Brazilian network operator providing broadband Internet to their customers. We implement and evaluate three classification algorithms and two anomaly detection methods. The results show an accuracy higher than 95% and an excellent trade‐off between attack detection and false‐positive rates. We further propose an improved scheme based on software defined networks that automatically prevents threats by analyzing only the first few packets of a flow. The proposal promptly and efficiently blocks threats, is robust, and can scale up, even when the attacker employs spoofed IP.
Understanding the Effect of Solvent Environment on the Interaction of Hydronium Ion with Biomass Derived Species: A Molecular Dynamics and Metadynamics Investigation
Authors: Velasco Calderón José Carlos , Jiang Shang , Mushrif Samir H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe addition of aprotic solvents results in higher reactivities and selectivities in many key aqueous phase biomass reactions, including the acid‐catalyzed conversion of fructose to 5‐hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF). The addition of certain co‐solvents inhibits the formation of humins via preferential solvation of key functional groups and can alter reaction kinetics. An important factor in this context is the relative stability of the hydronium ion (the catalyst) in the vicinity of the biomass moiety as compared to that in bulk, as it could determine its efficacy in the protonation step. Hence, in the present work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of HMF (the model product) and fructose (the model reactant) in acidic water and water‐DMSO mixtures are performed to analyze their interaction with the hydronium ions. We show that the presence of DMSO favors the interaction of the hydronium ion with fructose, whereas it has a detrimental effect on the interaction of hydronium ion with HMF. Well‐tempered metadynamics (WT‐MTD) simulations are performed to determine the relative stability of the hydronium ion in the immediate vicinity of fructose and HMF, as compared to that in the bulk solvent phase, as a function of solvent composition. We find that DMSO improves the stabilization of the hydronium ions in the first solvation shell of fructose compared to that in the bulk solvent. On the other hand, hydronium ions become less stable in the immediate vicinity of HMF, as the concentration of DMSO increases.
PharmGKB, an Integrated Resource of Pharmacogenomic Knowledge
Authors: Gong Li , Whirl‐Carrillo Michelle , Klein Teri E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) is an integrated online knowledge resource for the understanding of how genetic variation contributes to variation in drug response. Our focus includes not only pharmacogenomic information useful for clinical implementation (e.g., drug dosing guidelines and annotated drug labels), but also information to catalyze scientific research and drug discovery (e.g., variant‐drug annotations and drug‐centered pathways). As of April 2021, the annotated content of PharmGKB spans 715 drugs, 1761 genes, 227 diseases, 165 clinical guidelines, and 784 drug labels. We have manually curated data from more than 9000 published papers to generate the content of PharmGKB. Recently, we have also implemented an automated natural language processing (NLP) tool to broaden our coverage of the pharmacogenomic literature. This article contains a basic protocol describing how to navigate the PharmGKB website to retrieve information on how genes and genetic variations affect drug efficacy and toxicity. It also includes a protocol on how to use PharmGKB to facilitate interpretation of findings for a pharmacogenomic variant genotype or metabolizer phenotype. PharmGKB is freely available at http://www.pharmgkb.org. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Navigating the homepage of PharmGKB and searching by drugBasic Protocol 2: Using PharmGKB to facilitate interpretation of pharmacogenomic variant genotypes or metabolizer phenotypes
State‐of‐art design aspects of wearable, mobile, and flexible antennas for modern communication wireless systems
Authors: Gharode Dakshata , Nella Anveshkumar , Rajagopal Maheswar 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn this present contemporary epoch, wireless communication appliances exemplified meteoric progression in technology. These systems entail an antenna in every strand of communication. Depending upon the recent expansions in generations, the antennas become more compact, lightweight, portable, wearable, cost‐effective, and conformal while maintaining essential performance characteristics like impedance bandwidth, efficiency, gain, SAR, etc. This review is envisioned to unveil state‐of‐art in conventional and unconventional antenna technologies in recent times and offers knowledge to readers about a large regime of antenna designs suitable for different wireless communication system applications like GSM, GPS, Wi‐Fi, WLAN, bluetooth, 4G, and 5G under a single head. It is unambiguously worth stating that recent 5G antenna designs will unleash new breaks in leapfrogging all outmoded blockades in developments. Intended wireless communication systems take in mobiles, laptops, smart wears, tablets, etc., while antenna technologies cover wearable models, conformal structures, MIMO configurations, microstrip and planar monopole antennas. This study draws attention towards multi‐band and wide‐band accomplishment techniques, SAR analysis, bending and twisting effects of conformal or wearable antennas, effect of human body and wireless appliances on antenna performance. As per the study, FCC set a standard value of SAR as equal or below to 1.6 W/kg for 1 g of body tissue. IEC standards regulated a limit on SAR value as 2 W/kg, which is average value over 10 g of body tissue. Also, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of below 0.05, diversity gain of less than 10 dB and a maximum channel capacity of 0.4 bit/s/Hz are necessary for MIMO systems.
Differential spatial responses of rodents to masting on forest sites with differing disturbance history
Authors: Sachser Frederik , Pesendorfer Mario , Gratzer Georg , Nopp‐Mayr Ursula 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMast seeding, the synchronized interannual variation in seed production of trees, is a well‐known bottom‐up driver for population densities of granivorous forest rodents. Such demographic effects also affect habitat preferences of the animals: After large seed production events, reduced habitat selectivity can lead to spillover from forest patches into adjacent alpine meadows or clear‐cuts, as has been reported for human‐impacted forests. In unmanaged, primeval forests, however, gaps created by natural disturbances are typical elements, yet it is unclear whether the same spillover dynamics occur under natural conditions. To determine whether annual variation in seed production drives spillover effects in naturally formed gaps, we used 14 years of small mammal trapping data combined with seed trap data to estimate population densities of Apodemus spp. mice and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) on 5 forest sites with differing disturbance history. The study sites, located in a forest dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and silver fir (Abies alba), consisted of two primeval forest sites with small canopy gaps, two sites with larger gaps (after an avalanche event and a windthrow event), and a managed forest stand with closed canopy as a control. Hierarchical Bayesian N‐mixture models revealed a strong influence of seed rain on small rodent abundance, which were site‐specific for M. glareolus but not for Apodemus spp. Following years of moderate or low seed crop, M. glareolus avoided open habitat patches but colonized those habitats in large numbers after full mast events, suggesting that spillover events also occur in unmanaged forests, but not in all small rodents. The species‐ and site‐specific characteristics of local density responding to food availability have potentially long‐lasting effects on forest gap regeneration dynamics and should be addressed in future studies.
Alkylation of Electron‐Deficient Olefins through Conjugate Addition of Organozinc Reagents: An Update
Authors: Baruah Biswajita , Deb Mohit L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis review focuses on the applications of organozinc reagents in conjugate addition reactions. Organozinc compounds are a class of organometallic reagent used in various reactions such as addition, substitution, and coupling reactions. The conjugate addition or 1, 4‐addition is one of the most useful bond forming strategies used in organic synthesis since broad range of nucleophiles can be employed in the reaction. Addition of organozinc to electron‐deficient olefins attracts synthetic chemists as it preferably undergoes conjugate addition over 1,2‐addition unlike other organometallic reagents, such as Grignard reagent or organolithium. Many natural products were also synthesized by applying the conjugate addition reaction of organozinc. Moreover, organozinc reagents have superior functional group compatibility and can be easily prepared relative to other organometallic compounds. Consequently, conjugate additions of organozinc reagents were highly studied and having a review on it is very important at present. Though a few reviews are available, they either do not focus directly on the organozinc reagents or not on the conjugate addition. We hope that this review article will be of great use to organic researchers.
Evolutionary perspectives on African North American genetic diversity: Origins and prospects for future investigations
Authors: Caldwell Jennifer , Jackson Fatimah L. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAfrican‐descended peoples of the Americas represent an amalgamation of West, Central, and Southeast African regional and ethnic groups with modest gene flow from specific non‐African populations. Despite 16+ generations of residence in the Americas, there is a deficit of evolutionary knowledge about these populations. Focusing on Legacy African American, the African North American descendants of survivors of the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans, we report on emic evolutionary perspectives of their self‐identity gleaned from our interviews of 600 individuals collected over 2 years. Gullah‐Geechee peoples of Carolina Coastal regions are a model case study due to their historical antiquity, substantial African retentions, relative geospatial isolation, and proposed progenitor status to other Legacy African American microethnic groups. We identify salient research questions for future studies that will begin to bridge the evolutionary gaps in our knowledge of these diverse peoples and the historical evidence for specific evolutionary processes.
The functional ingredients of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and physiological effects of consuming quinoa: A review
Authors: Ng Chong Yi , Wang Mingfu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe seed of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a pseudocereal well known for its high nutritive value. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential for it to be used as a functional food. The nutritional composition, phytochemicals, and experimental evidence on its bioactivities are introduced to evaluate the physiological effects of consuming quinoa, including its antioxidant, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, weight‐regulating, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, probiotic, antitumor, and hormone‐regulating effects. The antinutrients, allergenicity, and toxicity of quinoa are then discussed. Overall, many studies and evidences have suggested the functional properties of quinoa, with most of them focusing on the antioxidant and hypolipidemic ability. Compared with the potential benefits, the risk of consuming quinoa is relatively low and easy to be managed. Therefore, quinoa can be considered to have great potential to be promoted as a healthy/functional food. More investigations are needed to confirm the effective intake of quinoa for achieving certain health effects.
Forecasting volatilities of oil and gas assets: A comparison of GAS, GARCH, and EGARCH models
Authors: Xu Yingying , Lien Donald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper compares Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS) models and GARCH‐type models on their forecasting abilities for crude oil and natural gas spot and futures returns from developing and developed markets over multiple horizons. The out‐of‐sample forecasting results based on two loss functions and the Diebold–Mariano predictive accuracy test for multiple models show that the GAS framework outperforms GARCH and EGARCH models, particularly for crude oil assets. For natural gas, no specific model retains an advantage over the other two models as the predictive accuracy changes over forecasting horizons and varies across markets. Meanwhile, the GAS model performs well in both developed and developing markets. The cumulated sum of squared forecast error differential (CSSFED) graphically monitors the evolution of the relative forecasting performance of different models and shows that the superiority of GARCH is vulnerable to extraordinary event shocks. Over the short‐term forecasting (less than or equal to 1 month ahead), the GAS framework shows a prominent advantage over GARCH and EGARCH models for crude oil assets.