bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulate The Process of Preparing Biochar By Pyrolysis of Biomass Via Aspen Plus And Evaluate Its Economic
Authors: Liu Yanbing , Zhu Zongyuan , Zhang Jiaqi , Yang Xinglin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
China is a big agricultural country and generates a lot of biomass waste every year. Biomass is the only renewable carbon source. Biochar can be produced by pyrolysis under anaerobic or hypoxic conditions. Biochar has a rich pore structure, large specific surface area and special adsorption properties, and has been widely used in different industries. Different raw materials and pyrolysis temperature will have different effects on the yield and pore structure of Biochar. During our research, a flow chart was established in Aspen Plus V8.4 software to simulate the pyrolysis process of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse, and the feasibility of the model was verified through experiment. The results show that the simulated value of biochar yield is different from the experimental value. The difference is small at low temperature (300-500℃), and larger at high temperature (600-800℃), but both remain between 0.55% and 13.11%. Finally, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method was used to evaluate the economics of the process of preparing biochar from 1 t rice straw and sugarcane bagasse. The cost of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse biochar were 0.79 and 0.93 USD/kg, respectively. Considering from the aspects of yield, pore structure, energy consumption, and economy of biochar, compared with sugarcane bagasse, rice straw has a more competitive advantage in the preparation of biochar.
Seasonal Source Identification And Source-Specific Health Risk Assessment of Pollutants On Road Dust In Tianjin
Authors: Wang Jingshu , Huang Jinhui Jeanne , Mulligan Catherine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human exposure to metals on road dust might have potential health risks through touching, ingesting, and inhaling. There were limited studies to link seasonal emission sources to health risks from metals on road dust. In this study, metals on road dust from different functional areas were seasonally monitored. The pollutant sources in study city varied slightly with the seasons, but the major pollutant source in the particular study site were significantly affected by the seasons. By combining the source apportionment model (PMF), line sources model and health risk models (HI: Hazard index and ILCR: Incremental Lifetime Carcinogenic risk), industrial and construction activity was identified as the crucial source of both the pollutants on road dust (29% - 47%), and the HI for adults (27% - 45%) and children (41% - 50%) in different seasons. The traffic non-exhaust emission dominated in the carcinogenic risks for children in spring (45%) and summer (36%). Factors such as seasons, particle size, metal bioavailability, human exposure time, and exposure area were all taken into consideration to avoid overestimating or underestimating health risks. The carcinogenic risks for children (1.6 E-06) and adults (2.8 E-06) exposed to Cr both exceed the minimum threshold (10-6). Measured metals mainly posed hazard to human health through ingestion route. Pb and Mn, Fe and Mn were the main harmful elements that induced non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children, respectively. Effectively identifying the source-specific health risks in different seasons will help in the formulation of adaptive strategies to diminish the potential risks.
Tenebrio Molitor: Possible Source of Polystyrene-Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Machona Oleen , Chidzwondo Farisai , Mangoyi Rumbidzai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The excessive use of polystyrene as a packaging material has resulted in a rise in environmental pollution. Polystyrene waste has continually increased water pollution, soil pollution and the closing of landfill sites since it is durable and resistant to biodegradation. Therefore, the challenge in polystyrene disposal has caused researchers to look for urgent innovative and eco-friendly solutions for plastic degradation. The current study focuses on the isolation and identification of bacteria produced by the larvae of beetle Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworms), that enable them to survive when fed with polystyrene foam as their sole carbon diet. Materials and methods: The biodegradation of polystyrene by Tenebrio molitor was investigated by breeding and rearing the mealworms in the presence and absence of polystyrene. A comparison was made between those fed with a normal diet and those fed on polystyrene. The mealworms which were fed with polystyrene were then dissected and the guts were collected to isolate and identify the bacteria in their guts. The viability and metabolic activity of the isolates were investigated. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing was used for molecular identification of the isolates. The PCR products were directly sequenced using the Sanger’s method and the phylogenetic tree and molecular evolutionary analyses were constructed using MEGAX software with the Neighbour Joining algorithm. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. Results: The decrease in mass of the polystyrene as feedstock confirmed that the mealworms were depending on polystyrene as their sole carbon diet. The frass egested by mealworms also confirmed the biodegradation of polystyrene as it contained very tiny residues of polystyrene. Three isolates were obtained from the mealworms guts, and all were found to be gram-negative. The sequencing results showed that the isolates were Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Klebsiella oxytoca NBRC 102593 and Klebsiella oxytoca JCM 1665.Conclusion: Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Klebsiella oxytoca NBRC 102593 and Klebsiella oxytoca JCM 1665 maybe some of the bacteria responsible for polystyrene biodegradation.
The Evolution of Insect Visual Opsin Genes With Specific Consideration of the Influence of Ocelli and Life History Traits
Authors: Guignard Quentin , Allison Jeremy D. , Slippers Bernard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Visual opsins are expressed in the compound eyes and ocelli of insects and enable light detection. Three distinct phylogenetic groups of visual opsins are found in insects, named long (LW), short (SW) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelength sensitive opsins. Recently, the LW group was found to be duplicated into the ancestral LW2b and the more recent LW2a opsins. The expression of LW2b opsins is ocelli specific in some insects (e.g., bees, cricket, scorpion flies), but the gene was absent in other orders possessing three or less ocelli (e.g., dragonflies, beetles, moth, bugs). In flies, two LW2b homologs have been characterised, with one expressed in the ocelli and the other in the compound eyes. To date, it remains unclear which evolutionary forces have driven gains and losses of LW opsins in insects. Here we take advantage of the recent rapid increase in available sequence data from insect genomes to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of 1000 opsin sequences in 18 orders of Insects. The resulting phylogeny discriminates between four main groups of opsins, and onto this phylogeny we mapped relevant morphological and life history traits.Results: Our results demonstrate a conserved LW2b opsin only present in insects with three ocelli. Only two taxa (flies and dragonflies) possess more than one LW2b opsin, likely linked to their life history. In flies, we hypothesize that the duplication of the LW2b opsin occurred after the transition from aquatic to terrestrial larvae. During this transition, higher flies (Brachycera) lost a copy of the LW2a opsin, still expressed in the compound eyes of lower flies (Nematocera). In higher flies, the LW2b opsin has been duplicated and expressed in the compound eyes while the ocelli and the LW2b opsin were lost in lower flies. In dragonflies, specialisation of the visual system likely drove the diversification of visual opsins.Conclusion: The presence of the LW2b opsin in insects possessing three ocelli suggests a role in flight. This study provides the most complete view of the evolution of visual opsin genes in insects yet, and provides new insight into the influence of ocelli and life history traits on opsin evolution in insects.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Li JianHua , Gao Yinghui , Chen Kaibing , Gao Yan , Guo JingJing , Shi Min , Zou Xiao , Xu Weihao , Zhao LiBo , Su Xiaofeng , Wang Yabin , Liu Juan , Xu Hu , Kong Xiaoxuan , Lin Junling , Qian Xiaoshun , Han Jiming , Liu Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study sought to identify the prevalence and factors associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in China. Methods: Between January 2015 and October 2017, we recruited 1285 elderly patients with OSA who underwent overnight polysomnography at sleep centers of multiple hospitals. They were assessed using 12-lead ECG or 24-hour dynamic ECG, and their baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, sleep parameters, and medical history were determined. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors related to AF in these elderly patients. Results: The clinician classified 122 (9.5%) patients as having AF. The prevalence of AF significantly increased with age (p＜0.05) but did not significantly differ between the mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups. Additionally, the prevalence of paroxysmal AF was 7.2% among the overall study population, and it increased with OSA severity or advanced age (p＜0.05). Persistent AF was noted in 2.3% participants, and the prevalence also increased with age. The logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.054, 95%CI: 1.027-1.018, p＜0.001) , history of drinking (OR=1.752, 95%CI: 1.070-2.867, p＜0.05), chronic heart disease (OR=1.778, 95%CI: 1.156-2.736, p＜0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.792, 95%CI: 1.183-2.713, p＜0.01), and cardiac dysfunction (OR=2.373, 95%CI=1.298-4.337, p＜0.01) were relevant to AF among participants with OSA.﻿Conclusion: The prevalence of AF is significantly common in elderly patients with OSA. Age, history of drinking, chronic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac dysfunction are independently related to AF in these patients.
Sign language recognition based on skeleton with K3D-LSTMresidual networks
Authors: Han Qing , Huangfu Zhanlu , Min Weidong , Liao Yanqiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Most existing deep learning-based dynamic sign language recognition methods directly use either the video sequence based on RGB information, or whole sequences instead of only the video sequence that represents the change of gesture. These characteristics lead to inaccurate extraction of hand gesture features and failure to achieve good recognition accuracy for complex gestures. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a new method of dynamic hand gesture recognition for key skeleton information, which combines residual convolutional neural network and long short-term memory recurrent network, which is called KLSTM-3D residual network (K3D ResNet). In K3DResNet, the spatiotemporal complexity of network computation is reduced by extracting the representative skeleton frame of gesture change. Then, the spatiotemporal features are extracted from the skeleton keyframe sequence, and the intermediate score corresponding to each action in the video sequence is established after the feature analysis. Finally, the classification of video sequences can accurately identify sign language. Experiments were performed on datasets DHG14/28 and SHREC’17 Track. The accuracy of verification on dataset DEVISIGN D reached 88.6%. In addition, the accuracy of the combination of RGB and skeleton information reached 93.2%.
TACA: Trust Aware Clustering using ACO for Secure and Reliable Vehicular Ah hoc Network Routing
Authors: Kadam Megha Vishal , Vaze Vinod M , Todmal Satish R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the modern era, the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) received significant attention for information sharing among the societies. The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) for smart city perspective boosts the development of VANET based applications such as road safety and Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The efficiency of such networks is a widely studied research problem. The clustering has shown an efficient technique to address the challenges of VANET QoS and computational efficiency. The vehicles are grouped according to certain conditions to form the cluster. In this way, the entire network divides into different clusters. Each cluster consists of limited vehicles with its leader called Cluster Head (CH). But the major challenge for VANET clustering has related to the stability of the cluster. Due to high network dynamics, the unreliability for CH selection and data relaying becomes a security threat in VANET. To address such a security threat of VANET clustering, we proposed Trust-Aware Clustering using Ant Colony Optimization (TACA) protocol. For each cluster, an ACO-based optimal CH selection algorithm applying different trust components of the vehicle. The ACO solves the problem of optimal CH selection with minimum control overhead and maximum CH lifetime. The optimal CH selected has been selected based on trust-aware ACO fitness function using the parameters such as vehicle speed, Degree of Connectivity (DoC), vehicle congestion, and Packet Relaying Probability (PRP). This mechanism enables clusters to select reliable CH to address the security concerns of VANET communications. The TACA protocol has been evaluated with recent similar methods, and the results demonstrate efficiency in terms of QoS and computational overhead of clustering.
Switchable Gratings for Ultracompact and Ultrahigh Modulation Depth Plasmonic Switches
Authors: Chamoli Sandeep Kumar , ElKabbash Mohamed , Guo Chunlei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Plasmonic interconnects present a compact platform for high modulation-depth optical switches. Conventional plasmonic switching approaches depend on modifying the dispersion of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave at the metal/dielectric interface. Here, we introduce a novel scheme for ultracompact and high modulation depth (MD) plasmonic switching using a phase-change material-based switchable grating consisting of Antimony Trisulfide (Sb2S3). In its ON state, the switchable grating excites surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) and bulk plasmon polaritons (BPPs) in plasmonic films and hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), respectively. The SPP switch has a footprint of 23.1 µm2 and a MD of up to 40 dB. The BPP switch has a footprint of 13.12 µm2 and a MD of 29.7 dB. The BPP switch enjoys a broadband MD from 299–375 THz. Concurrently, we show that the same switchable grating on plasmonic film and on HMM is a reflection-based optical switch. Finally, we present a novel scheme for non-local control over the spontaneous emission rate and out-coupled power from emitters embedded in HMMs.
The Effectiveness of Split Tablet Dosing Versus Alternate-Day Dosing of Warfarin: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kaewsaengeak Chanyapat , Pienputtarapong Usanee , Tocharoenchok Teerapong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to large dosage variation, a variety of warfarin prescription regimens are utilized for specific doses such as tablet splitting, or pill strength alternating. The clinical comparison between the two is lacking. We hypothesize that both approaches result in different times in therapeutic range. We randomized patients with specific warfarin dosage and stable INR for 6 months or longer to receive the whole tablet, alternate-day dosing or the split tablet, same daily-dosing regimen without initial dose change and followed them every 6 weeks for 6 months. The primary outcome was a time in therapeutic range of 2.0 to 3.0. The secondary outcomes included dosage, compliance, INR, anticoagulant-related events. A total of 66 patients were enrolled, 32 randomly assigned to the split tablet regimen (group S) and 34 to the alternate-day regimen (group A) with two withdrawals. The mean age was 58.6 ± 8.5 years. All baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. The average time in therapeutic range was 72.8 ± 25.4% in group S and 74.9 ± 22.0% in group A (p = 0.72). There were no significant differences in warfarin dosage, compliance, INR and, complications between the two groups. Both warfarin prescription methods, the split tablet and the alternate-day had comparable time in the therapeutic range.
Structural And Functional Analysis of CCT Family Genes In Pigeonpea
Authors: Tribhuvan Kishor U. , Kaila Tanvi , Srivast Harsha , Das Antara , Kumar Kuldeep , Durgesh Kumar , Joshi Rekha , Singh Binay K. , Singh Nagendra K. , Gaikwad Kishor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp) is a short-day plant in which the flowering is highly sensitive to photoperiod. A better understanding of the genes modulating photoresponse and flowering time is critical to developing photoperiod insensitive pigeonpea cultivars for cultivation across the seasons. We identified 33 CCT family genes (CcCCT1- CcCCT33) in C. cajan and localized them on 10 chromosomes and nine genomic scaffolds. The structural analysis of CCT family genes revealed a considerable variation in length and distribution of exons and introns. Based on the type of domain(s), we classified the CCT family genes into CCT motif family (CMF) type, CONSTANS like (COL) type, Pseudo-response Regulator (PRR) type, and GATA and tifi containing CCT (GTCC) type. The CCT family genes of C. cajan exhibited an extensive orthologous relationship with the CCT family genes of other legume species. We also observed significant sharing of CCT family genes among the legume species. Glycine max exhibited the maximum sharing of CCT family genes with C. cajan. The analysis of CCT family proteins-based phylogenic relationships revealed a general congruence with the legumes' taxonomic relationships. The expression analysis of CCT family genes of pigeonpea demonstrated that CcCCT4 and CcCCT23 are the active CONSTANS (CO) in ICP20338. In contrast, only CcCCT23 is active in MAL3, explaining the differential response of ICP20338 and MAL3 to photoperiod. The chromosomes of C. cajan contain a variable number of CCT family genes. A majority of these genes are localized in the centromeric regions. The COL type CCT genes are structurally highly diverse and contain a variable number of B-box domains. The CCT family genes of different legume species exhibit all three kinds of relationships: one-to-one, many-to-one, and many-to-many types. The photoperiod insensitive cultivar ICP20338 contains CcCCT4 and CcCCT23, while the photoperiod sensitive cultivar MAL3 contains only CcCCT23 as active CONSTANS (CO), which may be the plausible reason for their differential photoperiod response.
Comprehensive Analysis of TP53 Mutation Characteristics and Identification of Patients with Inferior Prognosis and Enhanced Immune Escape in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Lu Yaxiao , Liu Xia , Zhao Mengmeng , He Jin , Liu Xianming , Li Lanfang , Qiu Lihua , Qian Zhengzi , Zhou Shiyong , Meng Bin , Zhai Qiongli , Ren Xiubao , Zhang Huilai , Wang Xianhuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous lymphatic malignancy. The role of TP53 gene alterations in DLBCL remains unclear. Methods: We performed a comprehensive analysis of the genomic characteristics of TP53 through targeted next-generation sequencing (n=176), RNA-sequencing (n=152), and circulating tumor DNA sequencing (n=38). Results: TP53 was frequently mutated in DLBCL; most TP53 mutations occurred in the DNA-binding domain (DBD). However, TP53 alone is insufficient to effectively differentiate the risk of DLBCL, even when only considering mutations in the DBD region. However, CD58 mutations, which are mutually exclusive from TP53 mutations, in combination with TP53 mutations, could significantly differentiate the prognosis of DLBCL. The survival of patients with either one of the mutually exclusive mutation patterns, namely, TP53MUT&CD58WT or TP53WT&CD58MUT, was inferior to those harboring both wild-type TP53 and CD58. Notably, patients with the TP53WT&CD58MUT mutation pattern had the worst outcome and were characterized by an enhanced immune escape, including features such as the abundant infiltration of inflammatory cells and upregulation of inhibitory immunomodulatory molecules; these patients represent the candidate populations for immune therapy. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the mutation patterns of TP53 and CD58 accurately stratified patients with DLBCL to permit the optional immunotherapy.
Changes in Proteomics of Endometrial Tissue During Secretion of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome May Affect Endometrial Receptivity
Authors: Li Jun , Jiang Xiaohua , Li Caihua , Che Huihui , Ling Lin , Wei Zhaolian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complex developmental process that requires coordinated interactions of embryo, endometrium and microenvirment of endometrium factors. Although impaired endometrial receptivity of patients of PCOS have been identified, our understanding of endometrial receptivity is limited. To understand impaired endometrial receptivity of patients of PCOS during luteal phases, a proteomics study in three PCOS patients and 3 fertility women was performed. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analyses identified 232 unique proteins involved in metabolism, inflammation and cell adhesion molecule. Finally, novel clues suggest that energy metabolism may affect embryo implantation, whlie inflammation and cell adhesion molecule may affect both endometrial conversion and receptivity. Taken together, our results show that the endometrial receptive damage in PCOS patients is not a single factor, caused by multiple proteins, pathways, systems and other abnormalities, and they also interact with each other, which greatly increases the difficulty of endometrial receptive research.
Analysis of Surface Plasmon Polariton Conversion Coefficient In Slit-Groove Structure
Authors: Park Yeonsang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A method for the analysis of finding the conversion efficiency of the surface plasmon polariton in slit-groove structures is proposed and studied. The conversion efficiency of the surface plasmon polariton can be determined by measuring the intensities of light scattered at the slit and groove positions. To verify the usefulness of the proposed method, two rigorous simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method were executed and the simulation results compared with previously reported data. One was to mimic the far-field imaging experiment in slit-groove structure and the other was to calculate the conversion coefficient directly in a single scattering structure. The SPP conversion efficiencies obtained from the two simulations were approximately 0.232 and 0.220 respectively, and these agreed with the reported data. The suggested method can be used regardless of the shape of the plasmon-generation structure; therefore, it is expected to be useful in a wide range of experiments with different scattering structures.