bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cultivation of Parent and Child Materialism: A Parent–Child Dyadic Study
Authors: Russell Cristel A , Shrum L J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research has shown that television viewing cultivates a materialistic worldview in children. However, other socialization factors may also influence children’s materialism. The current research tests two socialization pathways of parental influence: (a) an indirect path in which parents pass on their own materialism to their children, and the parent’s materialism is at least partly the result of a parent cultivation effect (parent cultivation); (b) an indirect path in which parents pass on their television viewing behavior to their children, which in turn positively predicts the children’s level of materialism (child cultivation). The results of two studies (initial study plus direct replication, N = 818) of U.S. parent–child dyads with 14- to 17-year-old children support the first path but not the second: The relation between parent TV viewing and child materialism is mediated through parent materialism. Child TV viewing is positively correlated with child materialism, but is nonsignificant when parent materialism is controlled.
Feasibility and clinical relevance of HIV-1 drug resistance testing in patients with low-level viraemia in South Africa
Authors: Bangalee Avania , Hans Lucia , Steegen Kim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the feasibility of HIV genotyping at low-level viraemia (LLV) using an in-house assay in a South African population and the prevalence, as well as the clinical relevance, of drug resistance (HIVDR) in this population.

Methods
We conducted an observational, retrospective, cohort study on patient samples with LLV referred for routine HIVDR testing at a public sector Johannesburg laboratory from August 2017 to October 2018. Genotyping was performed using a nested RT–PCR assay and Sanger sequencing. The genotyping success rate was evaluated for different viraemia categories. Sequences were loaded onto the Stanford HIVdb genotypic resistance tool (version 8.7) for drug resistance interpretation.

Results
Plasma samples from 159 HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults with LLV (5–999 copies/mL) were analysed. The in-house assay performed well with an overall success rate of 78.6% (125/159, 95% CI 71.6–84.3). The prevalence of drug resistance mutations in the LLV cohort was 79.2% (99/125, 95% CI 71.2–85.4) with most patients (n = 109, 68.6%) on a PI-based regimen at the time of genotyping. Of 125 sequences obtained, 73.6% (92/125) had ≥1 NRTI mutation while 70.4% (88/125) had ≥1 NNRTI mutation. Major PI mutations, including M46I and V82A, were detected in 7.2% (9/125) of patients.

Conclusions
Current South African virological failure guidelines may keep patients on failing regimens for longer than necessary. Our data suggest that genotyping at LLV is feasible and implementation could result in earlier identification and referral of patients requiring third-line regimens.
Transferrin predicts outcome in patients who underwent liver resection for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Furukawa Kenei , Onda Shinji , Taniai Tomohiko , Hamura Ryoga , Kumamoto Tomotaka , Shirai Yoshihiro , Yasuda Jungo , Haruki Koichiro , Shiozaki Hironori , Gocho Takeshi , Ikegami Toru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between preoperative serum transferrin level and long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastases after hepatic resection.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 72 patients who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases and explored the relationship between serum transferrin level and long-term outcomes.

Results
In multivariate analysis, H3 (odds ratio 3.43, 95% confidence interval 1.11–10.89 and P = 0.03) was an independent and significant predictor of the disease-free survival, and a transferrin level ≥ 190 mg/dl (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.79 and P = 0.02) and the time to recurrence after hepatectomy &lt;1 year (odds ratio 11.30, 95% confidence interval 2.63–48.59 and P &lt; 0.01) were independent and significant predictors of the overall survival.

Conclusions
The serum transferrin level is a useful predictor of poor overall survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases after hepatic reaction.
Finding the C4 sweet spot: cellular compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Furbank Robert T , Kelly Steven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe two-cell type C4 photosynthetic pathway requires both anatomical and biochemical specialization to achieve a functional CO2-concentrating mechanism. While a great deal of research has been done on Kranz anatomy and cell-specific expression and activity of enzymes in the C4 pathway, less attention has been paid to partitioning of carbohydrate synthesis between the cell types of C4 leaves. As early as the 1970s it became apparent that, in the small number of species examined at the time, sucrose was predominantly synthesized in the mesophyll cells and starch in the bundle sheath cells. Here we discuss how this partitioning is achieved in C4 plants and explore whether this is a consequence of C4 metabolism or indeed a requirement for its evolution and efficient operation.
A best-practice guide to predicting plant traits from leaf-level hyperspectral data using partial least squares regression
Authors: Burnett Angela C , Anderson Jeremiah , Davidson Kenneth J , Ely Kim S , Lamour Julien , Li Qianyu , Morrison Bailey D , Yang Dedi , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Partial least squares regression (PLSR) modelling is a statistical technique for correlating datasets, and involves the fitting of a linear regression between two matrices. One application of PLSR enables leaf traits to be estimated from hyperspectral optical reflectance data, facilitating rapid, high-throughput, non-destructive plant phenotyping. This technique is of interest and importance in a wide range of contexts including crop breeding and ecosystem monitoring. The lack of a consensus in the literature on how to perform PLSR means that interpreting model results can be challenging, applying existing models to novel datasets can be impossible, and unknown or undisclosed assumptions can lead to incorrect or spurious predictions. We address this lack of consensus by proposing best practices for using PLSR to predict plant traits from leaf-level hyperspectral data, including a discussion of when PLSR is applicable, and recommendations for data collection. We provide a tutorial to demonstrate how to develop a PLSR model, in the form of an R script accompanying this manuscript. This practical guide will assist all those interpreting and using PLSR models to predict leaf traits from spectral data, and advocates for a unified approach to using PLSR for predicting traits from spectra in the plant sciences.
Fragile Knowledge
Authors: Goldstein Simon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the principle that knowledge is fragile, in that whenever S knows that S doesn’t know that S knows that p, S thereby fails to know p. Fragility is motivated by the infelicity of dubious assertions, utterances which assert p while acknowledging higher-order ignorance whether p. Fragility is interestingly weaker than KK, the principle that if S knows p, then S knows that S knows p. Existing theories of knowledge which deny KK by accepting a Margin for Error principle can be conservatively extended with Fragility.
H i intensity mapping with MeerKAT: primary beam effects on foreground cleaning
Authors: Matshawule Siyambonga D , Spinelli Marta , Santos Mario G , Ngobese Sibonelo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Upcoming and future neutral hydrogen Intensity Mapping surveys offer a great opportunity to constrain cosmology in the post-reionization Universe, provided a good accuracy is achieved in the separation between the strong foregrounds and the cosmological signal. Cleaning methods are often applied under the assumption of a simplistic Gaussian primary beam. In this work, we test the cleaning in the presence of a realistic primary beam model with a non-trivial frequency dependence. We focus on the Square Kilometre Array precursor MeerKAT telescope and simulate a single-dish wide-area survey. We consider the main foreground components, including an accurate full-sky point source catalogue. We find that the coupling between beam sidelobes and the foreground structure can complicate the cleaning. However, when the beam frequency dependence is smooth, we show that the cleaning is only problematic if the far sidelobes are unexpectedly large. Even in that case, a proper reconstruction is possible if the strongest point sources are removed and the cleaning is more aggressive. We then consider a non-trivial frequency dependence: a sinusoidal type feature in the beamwidth that is present in the MeerKAT beam and is expected in most dishes, including SKA1-MID. Such a feature, coupling with the foreground emission, biases the reconstruction of the signal across frequency, potentially impacting the cosmological analysis. We show that this effect is constrained to a narrow region in k∥ space and can be reduced if the maps are carefully re-smoothed to a common lower resolution.
Characterizing the signatures of star-forming galaxies in the extragalactic γ-ray background
Authors: Owen Ellis R , Lee Khee-Gan , Kong Albert K H 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxies experiencing intense star-formation episodes are expected to be rich in energetic cosmic rays (CRs). These CRs undergo hadronic interactions with the interstellar gases of their host to drive γ-ray emission, which has already been detected from several nearby starbursts. Unresolved γ-ray emission from more distant star-forming galaxies (SFGs) is expected to contribute to the extragalactic γ-ray background (EGB). However, despite the wealth of high-quality all-sky data from the Fermi–LAT γ-ray space telescope collected over more than a decade of operation, the exact contribution of such SFGs to the EGB remains unsettled. We investigate the high-energy γ-ray emission from SFGs up to redshift z = 3 above a GeV, and assess the contribution they can make to the EGB. We show the γ-ray emission spectrum from an SFG population can be determined from just a small number of key parameters, from which we model a range of possible EGB realizations. We demonstrate that populations of SFGs leave anisotropic signatures in the EGB, and that these can be accessed using the spatial power spectrum. Moreover, we show that such signatures will be accessible with ongoing operation of current γ-ray instruments, and detection prospects will be greatly improved by the next generation of γ-ray observatories, in particular the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
New eclipsing binaries with mercury–manganese stars
Authors: Kochukhov O , Labadie-Bartz J , Khalack V , Shultz M E 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Eclipsing binary stars are rare and extremely valuable astrophysical laboratories that make possible precise determination of fundamental stellar parameters. Investigation of early-type chemically peculiar stars in eclipsing binaries provides important information for understanding the origin and evolutionary context of their anomalous surface chemistry. In this study, we discuss observations of eclipse variability in six mercury–manganese (HgMn) stars monitored by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) satellite. These discoveries double the number of known eclipsing HgMn stars and yield several interesting objects requiring further study. In particular, we confirm eclipses in HD 72208, thereby establishing this object as the longest-period eclipsing HgMn star. Among five other eclipsing binaries, reported here for the first time, HD 36892 and HD 53004 stand out as eccentric systems showing heartbeat variability in addition to eclipses. The latter object has the highest eccentricity among eclipsing HgMn stars and also exhibits tidally induced oscillations. Finally, we find evidence that HD 55776 may be orbited by a white dwarf companion.
Phosphorylation of a reinitiation supporting protein, RISP, determines its function in translation reinitiation
Authors: Mancera-Martínez Eder , Dong Yihan , Makarian Joelle , Srour Ola , Thiébeauld Odon , Jamsheer Muhammed , Chicher Johana , Hammann Philippe , Schepetilnikov Mikhail , Ryabova Lyubov A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reinitiation supporting protein, RISP, interacts with 60S (60S ribosomal subunit) and eIF3 (eukaryotic initiation factor 3) in plants. TOR (target-of-rapamycin) mediates RISP phosphorylation at residue Ser267, favoring its binding to eL24 (60S ribosomal protein L24). In a viral context, RISP, when phosphorylated, binds the CaMV transactivator/ viroplasmin, TAV, to assist in an exceptional mechanism of reinitiation after long ORF translation. Moreover, we show here that RISP interacts with eIF2 via eIF2β and TOR downstream target 40S ribosomal protein eS6. A RISP phosphorylation knockout, RISP-S267A, binds preferentially eIF2β, and both form a ternary complex with eIF3a in vitro. Accordingly, transient overexpression in plant protoplasts of RISP-S267A, but not a RISP phosphorylation mimic, RISP-S267D, favors translation initiation. In contrast, RISP-S267D preferentially binds eS6, and, when bound to the C-terminus of eS6, can capture 60S in a highly specific manner in vitro, suggesting that it mediates 60S loading during reinitiation. Indeed, eS6-deficient plants are highly resistant to CaMV due to their reduced reinitiation capacity. Strikingly, an eS6 phosphomimic, when stably expressed in eS6-deficient plants, can fully restore the reinitiation deficiency of these plants in cellular and viral contexts. These results suggest that RISP function in translation (re)initiation is regulated by phosphorylation at Ser267.
United States Medicolegal Progress and Innovation in Telemedicine in the Age of COVID-19: A Primer for Neurosurgeons
Authors: Cruz Michael J , Nieblas-Bedolla Edwin , Young Christopher C , Feroze Abdullah H , Williams John R , Ellenbogen Richard G , Levitt Michael R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Telemedicine has received increased attention in recent years as a potential solution to expand clinical capability and patient access to care in many fields, including neurosurgery. Although patient and physician attitudes are rapidly shifting toward greater telemedicine use in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, there remains uncertainty about telemedicine's regulatory future. Despite growing evidence of telemedicine's utility, there remain a number of significant medicolegal barriers to its mass adoption and wider implementation. Herein, we examine recent progress in state and federal regulations in the United States governing telemedicine's implementation in quality of care, finance and billing, privacy and confidentiality, risk and liability, and geography and interstate licensure, with special attention to how these concern teleneurosurgical practice. We also review contemporary topics germane to the future of teleneurosurgery, including the continued expansion of reciprocity in interstate licensure, expanded coverage for homecare services for chronic conditions, expansion of Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services reimbursements, and protections of store-and-forward technologies. Additionally, we discuss recent successes in teleneurosurgery, stroke care, and rehabilitation as models for teleneurosurgical best practices. As telemedicine technology continues to mature and its expanse grows, neurosurgeons’ familiarity with its benefits, limitations, and controversies will best allow for its successful adoption in our field to maximize patient care and outcomes.
Long-Term Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Hoikkanen Tomas , Nissen Mette , Ikäheimo Tiina-Mari , Jyrkkänen Henna-Kaisa , Huttunen Jukka , von und zu Fraunberg Mikael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment in chronic neuropathic pain, but its efficacy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) needs to be proven.

OBJECTIVE
To study the outcome of SCS in CRPS as measured by trial success, explantation rate, complications, and changes in opioid and neuropathic pain medication use over a 4-yr follow-up.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed all medical records of 35 consecutive CRPS patients who underwent SCS trials at 2 hospitals during January 1998 to December 2016. The purchase data of opioids and neuropathic pain medication during January 1995 to March 2016 were retrieved from national registries.

RESULTS
Based on a 1-wk trial, permanent SCS was implanted in 27 (77%) patients. During the median follow-up of 8 yr, 8 (30%) SCS devices were explanted, of which 7 were because of inefficient pain relief. Complications leading to revision occurred in 17 (63%) patients: 8 electrode migrations or stimulation to the wrong area, 1 deep infection, 9 hardware malfunctions, 2 pulse generator discomforts, and 2 SCS replacements. None of the 6 patients using strong opioids discontinued their use during the 2-yr follow-up. The mean opioid dose increased nonsignificantly both in patients with SCS in permanent use (53 ± 150 morphine milligram equivalents morphine milligram equivalent (MME)/day to 120 ± 240 MME/day) and in patients who had SCS explanted (27 ± 72 MME/day to 57 ± 66 MME/day).

CONCLUSION
Despite the fact that CRPS patients were not able to discontinue or reduce their strong opioid or neuropathic pain medication use, 70% continued to use their SCS device during a median 8-yr follow-up.
Geomagnetic declination derived from the positional records of Martian retrograde motion in 1491
Authors: Ahn Sang-Hyeon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mars exhibited retrograde motions from January 4 to March 26 in 1491 CE. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty has more than 40 records of observations with 38 lodge angles and 4 polar angles corresponding to the equatorial coordinates measured with an observing device called a small abridged armilla, as well as 34 angular separations of Mars with respect to neighboring stars estimated by eye. Accurate positions for Mars are calculated for comparison with the records, and we find a number of interesting aspects to those observations. A length unit of chi, used for reporting angular separations, is equivalent to 1 du or a Chinese angular unit. We find that the axis of the observing device might have been misaligned with the north celestial pole (NCP), and that some court astronomers might have rounded down their measurements while other astronomers might have rounded them up. In order to correct the misalignment, we apply a χ2 minimization scheme to the lodge and polar angles simultaneously, and find that the device was misaligned with the NCP by −0.°8 ± 0.°3 in elevation and −1.°3 ± 0.°3 in azimuth if the measurements had been rounded down, while it was misaligned with the NCP by −0.°4 ± 0.°3 in elevation and −2.°2 ± 0.°3 in azimuth if the measurements had been rounded up. The axis of the device was off from the NCP and aligned with a point below and to the west of the NCP. Since a magnetic compass was used for the alignment, the misalignment angle of the polar axis in azimuth is equal to the geomagnetic declination at Seoul in 1491 CE. The misalignment angles in azimuth we have obtained are in agreement with recent geomagnetic models within the 1–2 σ uncertainties of the models. Moreover, the single measurement error characterizing the observing device is estimated to be 0.°3.
Angular clustering and host halo properties of [O ii] emitters atz&gt; 1 in the Subaru HSC survey
Authors: Okumura Teppei , Hayashi Masao , Chiu I-Non , Lin Yen-Ting , Osato Ken , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Lin Sheng-Chieh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study the angular correlation function of star-forming galaxies and properties of their host dark matter halos at z &gt; 1 using the Hyper-Suprime Cam (HSC) Subaru Stragetic Program (SSP) survey. We use [O ii] emitters identified using two narrow-band (NB) filters, NB816 and NB921, in the Deep/UltraDeep layers, which respectively cover large angular areas of 16.3 deg2 and 16.9 deg2. Our sample contains 8302 and 9578 [O ii] emitters at z = 1.19 (NB816) and z = 1.47 (NB921), respectively. We detect a strong clustering signal over a wide angular range, $0{_{.}^{\circ}} 001$ &lt; θ &lt; 1 °, with bias $b=1.61^{+0.13}_{-0.11}$ (z = 1.19) and $b=2.09^{+0.17}_{-0.15}$ (z = 1.47). We also find a clear deviation of the correlation from a simple power-law form. To interpret the measured clustering signal, we adopt a halo occupation distribution (HOD) model that is constructed to explain the spatial distribution of galaxies selected by star formation rate. The observed correlation function and number density are simultaneously explained by the best-fitting HOD model. From the constrained HOD model, the average mass of halos hosting the [O ii] emitters is derived to be $\log {M_{\rm eff}/(h^{-1}\, {M}_{\odot })}=12.70^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ and $12.61^{+0.09}_{-0.05}$ at z = 1.19 and 1.47, respectively, which will become halos with the present-day mass M ∼ 1.5 × 1013 h−1 M⊙. The satellite fraction of the [O ii] emitter sample is found to be fsat ∼ 0.15. All these values are consistent with previous studies of similar samples, but we obtain tighter constraints even in a larger parameter space due to the larger sample size from the HSC. The results obtained for host halos of [O ii] emitters in this paper enable the construction of mock galaxy catalogs and the systematic forecast study of cosmological constraints from upcoming emission line galaxy surveys such as the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph survey.
Protein kinase sensors: an overview of new designs for visualizing kinase dynamics in single plant cells
Authors: Zhang Li , Takahashi Yohei , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Protein kinase dynamics play key roles in regulation of cell differentiation, growth, development and in diverse cell signaling networks. Protein kinase sensors enable visualization of protein kinase activity in living cells and tissues in time and space. These sensors have therefore become important and powerful molecular tools for investigation of diverse kinase activities and can resolve long-standing and challenging biological questions. In the present Update, we review new advanced approaches for genetically encoded protein kinase biosensor designs developed in animal systems together with the basis of each biosensor’s working principle and components. In addition, we review recent first examples of real time plant protein kinase activity biosensor development and application. We discuss how these sensors have helped to resolve how stomatal signal transduction in response to elevated CO2 merges with abscisic acid signaling downstream of a resolved basal SnRK2 kinase activity in guard cells. Furthermore, recent advances, combined with the new strategies described in this Update, can help deepen the understanding of how signaling networks regulate unique functions and responses in distinct plant cell types and tissues and how different stimuli and signaling pathways can interact.