bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of fast magic‐angle spinning 87Rb NMR of organic solids at high magnetic fields
Authors: Wu Gang , Terskikh Victor , Wong Alan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report solid‐state 87Rb NMR spectra from two Rb‐ionophore complexes obtained with fast magic‐angle spinning (MAS) (up to 60 kHz) at 21.1 T. These Rb‐ionophore complexes containing macrocycles such as benzo‐15‐crown‐5 and cryptand [2.2.2] are typical of organic Rb salts that exhibit very large 87Rb quadrupole coupling constants (close to 20 MHz). We have also obtained static 87Rb NMR spectra for these two compounds and determined both 87Rb quadrupole coupling and chemical shift tensors. The experimental 87Rb NMR tensor parameters are compared with those obtained by quantum chemical computations. Our results demonstrate that the combination of fast MAS (60 kHz or higher) and a high magnetic field (21.1 T or higher) is sufficient to produce high‐quality solid‐state 87Rb NMR spectra for organic Rb solids at the natural abundance level. We anticipate that, with additional 87Rb isotope enrichment (up to 99%), the sensitivity of solid‐state 87Rb NMR will be 400 times higher than 39K NMR, which makes the former an attractive surrogate probe for studying K+ ion binding in biological systems.
Bufarenogin induces intrinsic apoptosis via Bax and ANT cooperation
Authors: Han Qinrui , Zhang Chun , Zhang Yongbin , Li Yuan , Wu Liyi , Sun Xuegang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractToads have high medicinal value and have been used for medicinal purposes since the Tang Dynasty period (7th‐10th Century AD). Bufarenogin, an active anti‐tumor constituent of toad venom, shows anti‐tumor activity. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of bufarenogin on the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly its effects on mediating intrinsic signaling pathways that initiate apoptosis. An orthotopic CRC model was established in nude mice via surgical orthotopic implantation to investigate tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting assays were performed to evaluate protein expression. The in vitro results revealed the anti‐proliferative effect of bufarenogin against CRC cells. Bufarenogin caused cell death via apoptosis, as revealed by Annexin V/7‐amino‐actinomycin D double staining, which was verified using a pan‐caspase inhibitor. Bufarenogin induced B‐cell lymphoma 2‐associated X protein (Bax)‐dependent intrinsic apoptosis, as demonstrated by mitochondrial translocation of Bax and cytoplasm release of HCT116 wild‐type cells and cytochrome C (soluble pro‐apoptotic factors). Additionally, we showed that adenine‐nucleotide translocator interacted with Bax. Bufarenogin induced intrinsic apoptosis through the cooperation of Bax and adenine‐nucleotide translocator and inhibited the metastasis and growth of orthotopical CRC cells.
After all, who has to be studied: The coronavirus, Brazilians, or their administrators?
Authors: Nascimento Ingrid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article discusses one of the great governmental challenges of the last centuries—universalization of access to potable water and sanitation services (WSS)—in view of the geographical difficulties for the provision of services in certain regions, and differences in ability to pay for water and sanitation services. It is necessary to reinforce the various links between social and environmental conditions. A review of the literature finds that countries work differently on the approach to universal access to water and sanitation services (Marques, 2010), addressing the problem according to their laws with variable results in how these services are defined. In order to achieve the desired universalization of water and sanitation services in Brazil, in addition to the investment of significant amounts of money, coordinated administration is necessary to leverage these investments. In addition to this challenging scenario, the present moment is worrying! At the beginning of the 21st century, a new pandemic is causing deaths at an alarming rate. Most countries around the world are combating the new coronavirus that has disrupted economies, caused panic, and raised hypotheses about political hegemonies. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID‐19) to be a Public Health Emergency of International Importance—the highest alert level of the Organization, as provided for in the International Health Regulations. This study discusses the alignment of these dual challenges in Brazil and what can be done toward improved water and sanitation in this difficult context.
Emerging Security Challenges for Ubiquitous Devices
Authors: Kutyłowski Mirosław , Syga Piotr , Yung Moti 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we focus on two important security challenges that naturally emerge for large scale systems composed of cheap devices implementing only symmetric cryptographic algorithms. First, we consider threats due to poor or malicious implementations of protocols, which enable data to be leaked from the devices to an adversary. We present solutions based on a watchdog concept—a man-in-the-middle device that does not know the secrets of the communicating parties, but aims to destroy covert channels leaking secret information. Second, we deal with the problem of tracing devices by means of information exchanged while establishing a communication session. As solutions such as Diffie-Hellman key exchange are unavailable for such devices, implicit identity information might be transmitted in clear and thereby provide a perfect means for privacy violations. We show how to reduce such risks without retreating to asymmetric algorithms.
Catalog and Illustrative Examples of Lightweight Cryptographic Primitives
Authors: Mileva Aleksandra , Dimitrova Vesna , Kara Orhun , Mihaljević Miodrag J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this chapter is to offer to practitioners, researchers and all interested parties a brief categorized catalog of existing lightweight symmetric primitives with their main cryptographic features, ultimate hardware performance, and existing security analysis, so they can easily compare the ciphers or choose some of them according to their needs. Certain security evaluation issues have been addressed as well. In particular, the reason behind why modern lightweight block cipher designs have in the last decade overwhelmingly dominated stream cipher design is analyzed in terms of security against tradeoff attacks. It turns out that it is possible to design stream ciphers having much smaller internal states.
ePassport and eID Technologies
Authors: Hanzlik Lucjan , Kutyłowski Mirosław 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to the design and implementation of electronic ID (eID) such as ePassports and electronic personal identity documents. We present an overview of existing and emerging concepts, both concerning threats and possible countermeasures. Thereby we aim to shed light on the development of ubiquitous systems, where many artifacts will require strong electronic identification with similar properties to those in the case of eIDs issued for humans.
Knowledge and the Deliberative Stance in Democratic Systems: Harnessing Scepticism of the Self in Governing Global Environmental Change
Authors: Niemeyer Simon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModern challenges, such as global environmental change, cannot be dealt with via the generation of knowledge alone. Even in-principle public support requires broad recognition of responsibility to translate knowledge into appropriate action. This cannot be achieved where minds are closed, in which case greater levels of knowledge can actually feed into perverse outcomes. Overcoming these dynamics is facilitated to the extent that individuals adopt a deliberative stance (Owen D, Smith G, J Political Philosophy 23:213–234, 2015), which involves, inter alia, openness to ideas and hastens the rush to judgement on issues involving uncertainty and complexity—a scepticism of the self. In this paper, the author demonstrates the effects of the deliberative stance and the conditions under which it is best achieved. I draw my evidence from small-scale settings described by deliberative minipublics, but the observed mechanisms can be “scaled up” to inform possibilities for wider reform of the processes governing the uptake and use of knowledge.
Collective Learning and Institutional Collective Action in Fragmented Governance
Authors: Kim Serena Y. , Swann William L. , Feiock Richard C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInstitutional collective action (ICA) dilemmas, or situations where authorities’ particularistic incentives are misaligned with collective interests, are ubiquitous where authority is fragmented among multiple or overlapping governments. Extant researchers have examined how policymakers overcome ICA dilemmas and promote collective action through institutions and relationships that lower collaboration uncertainty and risk. Yet, one factor conspicuously overlooked in this process is the role of collective learning or the degree to which institutions acquire, assimilate, and apply shared knowledge to achieve collaborative aims. In this chapter, we inquire how collective learning relates to governments’ ability to overcome ICA dilemmas and improve collaborative governance through three pathways, and put forward propositions as to how such learning can reduce ICA barriers and enhance future collaboration.
Networks as Facilitators of Innovation in Technology-Based Industries: The Case of Flat Glass
Authors: Tokatli Nebahat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, I question the extent to which the networks of the flat glass industry facilitated innovation in the past and continue to do so now. So far, students of technology-based industries have focused their attention on a number of high-technology industries including, for example, biotechnology. Since the manufacturing and secondary processing of flat glass require the application of a degree of technological expertise, the flat glass industry is also considered a technology-based industry, though not a high-technology industry in the sense that biotechnology is. This particularity of the industry enables me not only to provide a reasonably complete account of the extent to which the networks of the flat glass industry facilitate innovation, but also to explore whether or not we need a different sort of network thinking for this particular industry—different from the thinking that the students of high-technology industries subscribe to as they study, for example, biotechnology.
Lessons from Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile) for Governance in Conditions of Environmental Uncertainty
Authors: Lipo Carl P. , Mischen Pamela , Hunt Terry L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of governance depends on the knowledge upon which decisions are based. Knowledge veracity is particularly significant when future conditions are uncertain. In the context of global climate change, communities around the world, including the residents of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), face tremendous uncertainty in resource availability. In the context of these looming challenges, prehistoric Rapa Nui is often treated as a warning about human-induced ecological catastrophe. With contemporary populations of the island wrestling about issues of governance, it is vital that researchers carefully validate their knowledge about the island’s past. Despite the claims of traditional narratives, new empirical research on Rapa Nui indicates that the traditional “collapse” narrative has no basis. Instead, the island is now known to have been sustainable from its prehistory until European contact. These findings point to the potential of alternative action models and new governance structures.
Exploring the Predictive Power of News and Neural Machine Learning Models for Economic Forecasting
Authors: Barbaglia Luca , Consoli Sergio , Manzan Sebastiano 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Forecasting economic and financial variables is a challenging task for several reasons, such as the low signal-to-noise ratio, regime changes, and the effect of volatility among others. A recent trend is to extract information from news as an additional source to forecast economic activity and financial variables. The goal is to evaluate if news can improve forecasts from standard methods that usually are not well-specified and have poor out-of-sample performance. In a currently on-going project, our goal is to combine a richer information set that includes news with a state-of-the-art machine learning model. In particular, we leverage on two recent advances in Data Science, specifically on Word Embedding and Deep Learning models, which have recently attracted extensive attention in many scientific fields. We believe that by combining the two methodologies, effective solutions can be built to improve the prediction accuracy for economic and financial time series. In this preliminary contribution, we provide an overview of the methodology under development and some initial empirical findings. The forecasting model is based on DeepAR, an auto-regressive probabilistic Recurrent Neural Network model, that is combined with GloVe Word Embeddings extracted from economic news. The target variable is the spread between the US 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity and the 3-Month Treasury Constant Maturity (T10Y3M). The DeepAR model is trained on a large number of related GloVe Word Embedding time series, and employed to produce point and density forecasts.
Corrections to Yukawa couplings from higher dimensional operators in a natural SUSY SO(10) and HL-LHC implications
Authors: Aboubrahim Amin , Nath Pran , Syed Raza M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider a class of unified models based on the gauge group SO(10) which with appropriate choice of Higgs representations generate in a natural way a pair of light Higgs doublets needed to accomplish electroweak symmetry breaking. In this class of models higher dimensional operators of the form matter-matter-Higgs-Higgs in the superpotential after spontaneous breaking of the GUT symmetry generate contributions to Yukawa couplings which are comparable to the ones from cubic interactions. Specifically we consider an SO(10) model with a sector consisting of 126 + $$ \overline{126} $$

126
¯

+ 210 of heavy Higgs which breaks the GUT symmetry down to the standard model gauge group and a sector consisting of 2 × 10 + 120 of light Higgs fields. In this model we compute the corrections from the quartic interactions to the Yukawa couplings for the top and the bottom quarks and for the tau lepton. It is then shown that inclusion of these corrections to the GUT scale Yukawas allows for consistency of the top, bottom and tau masses with experiment for low tan β with a value as low as tan β of 5–10. We compute the sparticle spectrum for a set of benchmarks and find that satisfaction of the relic density is achieved via a compressed spectrum and coannihilation and three sets of coannihilations appear: chargino-neutralino, stop-neutralino and stau-neutralino. We investigate the chargino-neutralino coannihilation in detail for the possibility of observation of the light chargino at the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and at the high energy LHC (HE-LHC) which is a possible future 27 TeV hadron collider. It is shown that all benchmark models but one can be discovered at HL-LHC and all would be discoverable at HE-LHC. The ones discoverable at both machines require a much shorter time scale and a lower integrated luminosity at HE-LHC.
Completing 1/$$ {m}_b^3 $$ corrections to non-leptonic bottom-to-up-quark decays
Authors: Moreno Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We compute the contributions of dimension six two-quark operators to the non-leptonic decay width of heavy hadrons due to the flavor changing bottom-to-up-quark transition in the heavy quark expansion. Analytical expressions for the Darwin term ρD and the spin-orbit term ρLS are obtained with leading order accuracy.
Inclusive prompt photon-jet correlations as a probe of gluon saturation in electron-nucleus scattering at small x
Authors: Kolbe Isobel , Roy Kaushik , Salazar Farid , Schenke Björn , Venugopalan Raju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We compute the differential cross-section for inclusive prompt photon+quark production in deeply inelastic scattering of electrons off nuclei at small x (e + A DIS) in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory. The result is expressed as a convolution of the leading order (in the strong coupling αs) impact factor for the process and universal dipole matrix elements, in the limit of hard photon transverse momentum relative to the nuclear saturation scale Qs,A(x). We perform a numerical study of this process for the kinematics of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), exploring in particular the azimuthal angle correlations between the final state photon and quark. We observe a systematic suppression and broadening pattern of the back-to-back peak in the relative azimuthal angle distribution, as the saturation scale is increased by replacing proton targets with gold nuclei. Our results suggest that photon+jet final states in inclusive e + A DIS at high energies are in general a promising channel for exploring gluon saturation that is complementary to inclusive and diffractive dijet production. They also provide a sensitive empirical test of the universality of dipole matrix elements when compared to identical measurements in proton-nucleus collisions. However because photon+jet correlations at small x in EIC kinematics require jet reconstruction at small k⊥, it will be important to study their feasibility relative to photon-hadron correlations.
Boundary conformal field theory at the extraordinary transition: The layer susceptibility to O(ε)
Authors: Shpot M. A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present an analytic calculation of the layer (parallel) susceptibility at the extraordinary transition in a semi-infinite system with a flat boundary. Using the method of integral transforms put forward by McAvity and Osborn [Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 522] in the boundary CFT, we derive the coordinate-space representation of the mean-field propagator at the transition point. The simple algebraic structure of this function provides a practical possibility of higher-order calculations. Thus we calculate the explicit expression for the layer susceptibility at the extraordinary transition in the one-loop approximation. Our result is correct up to order O(ε) of the ε = 4 − d expansion and holds for arbitrary width of the layer and its position in the half-space. We discuss the general structure of our result and consider the limiting cases related to the boundary operator expansion and (bulk) operator product expansion. We compare our findings with previously known results and less complicated formulas in the case of the ordinary transition. We believe that analytic results for layer susceptibilities could be a good starting point for efficient calculations of two-point correlation functions. This possibility would be of great importance given the recent breakthrough in bulk and boundary conformal field theories in general dimensions.
Scrambling in Yang-Mills
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Gandote Eunice , Mahu Augustine Larweh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Acting on operators with a bare dimension ∆ ∼ N2 the dilatation operator of U(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory defines a 2-local Hamiltonian acting on a graph. Degrees of freedom are associated with the vertices of the graph while edges correspond to terms in the Hamiltonian. The graph has p ∼ N vertices. Using this Hamiltonian, we study scrambling and equilibration in the large N Yang-Mills theory. We characterize the typical graph and thus the typical Hamiltonian. For the typical graph, the dynamics leads to scrambling in a time consistent with the fast scrambling conjecture. Further, the system exhibits a notion of equilibration with a relaxation time, at weak coupling, given by t ∼ $$ \frac{\rho }{\lambda } $$

ρ
λ

with λ the ’t Hooft coupling.
A Rényi quantum null energy condition: proof for free field theories
Authors: Moosa Mudassir , Rath Pratik , Su Vincent Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) is a lower bound on the stress-energy tensor in quantum field theory that has been proved quite generally. It can equivalently be phrased as a positivity condition on the second null shape derivative of the relative entropy Srel(ρ||σ) of an arbitrary state ρ with respect to the vacuum σ. The relative entropy has a natural one-parameter family generalization, the Sandwiched Rényi divergence Sn(ρ||σ), which also measures the distinguishability of two states for arbitrary n ∈ [1/2, ∞). A Rényi QNEC, a positivity condition on the second null shape derivative of Sn(ρ||σ), was conjectured in previous work. In this work, we study the Rényi QNEC for free and superrenormalizable field theories in spacetime dimension d > 2 using the technique of null quantization. In the above setting, we prove the Rényi QNEC in the case n > 1 for arbitrary states. We also provide counterexamples to the Rényi QNEC for n < 1.
Evaporating black holes coupled to a thermal bath
Authors: Chen Hong Zhe , Fisher Zachary , Hernandez Juan , Myers Robert C. , Ruan Shan-Ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the doubly holographic model of [1] in the situation where a black hole in two-dimensional JT gravity theory is coupled to an auxiliary bath system at arbitrary finite temperature. Depending on the initial temperature of the black hole relative to the bath temperature, the black hole can lose mass by emitting Hawking radiation, stay in equilibrium with the bath or gain mass by absorbing thermal radiation from the bath. In all of these scenarios, a unitary Page curve is obtained by applying the usual prescription for holographic entanglement entropy and identifying the quantum extremal surface for the generalized entropy, using both analytical and numeric calculations. As the application of the entanglement wedge reconstruction, we further investigate the reconstruction of the black hole interior from a subsystem containing the Hawking radiation. We examine the roles of the Hawking radiation and also the purification of the thermal bath in this reconstruction.