bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Factors Affecting Studies and Well–Being: A Dental Student Perspective
Authors: Hotchandani Sarang Suresh , Harjani Priya Rani , Shaikh Muhammad Ilyas , Khatoon Safia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the perception of factors affecting studies and well-being among students of the Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods Students of the Bibi Aseefa Dental College of various professional years were asked to respond to an online-based survey (Google Forms), which was then evaluated by SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago Illinois, United States) using the analysis-of-variance test. The study sample consisted of stratified random sampling. Inclusion criteria included students from year 1 to year 4 of their undergraduate studies during the study period of June 2019 to August 2019. Descriptive statistics including frequency and distribution regarding gender, year of study, age, external factors (stress, sleep, health, hobbies, financial, friends, paid work, voluntary work), reasons for choosing dentistry, and how these factors affecting the study were created.
Results The results showed that 97 students chose Bachelor of Dental Study (BDS) as a career because they were not selected in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). Overall, 52.41% students agreed that external factors are affecting their studies, 46.8% stated that they were stressed due to studies in past 12 months, 48.4% students agreed that their disturbed sleep due to academic assignments is affecting their studies, 29.9% stated that their health disturbance affected their studies in the past 12 months, and 48.4% responded that their own hobbies and sports work were affecting their academic grades.
Conclusion This study revealed that extracurricular factors were a cause of stress among dental students. The main cause of stress among the student was confusion about the syllabus of their academic year, resulting in a lack of sleep during the examination year, and favoritism among teachers for the students.
Improving Speech Understanding and Monitoring Health with Hearing Aids Using Artificial Intelligence and Embedded Sensors
Authors: Fabry David A. , Bhowmik Achintya K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article details ways that machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies are being integrated in modern hearing aids to improve speech understanding in background noise and provide a gateway to overall health and wellness. Discussion focuses on how Starkey incorporates automatic and user-driven optimization of speech intelligibility with onboard hearing aid signal processing and machine learning algorithms, smartphone-based deep neural network processing, and wireless hearing aid accessories. The article will conclude with a review of health and wellness tracking capabilities that are enabled by embedded sensors and artificial intelligence.
Variations in Nuss Procedure Operative Techniques and Complications: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Anbarasu Centura R. , Mehl Steven C. , Sun Raphael C. , Portuondo Jorge I. , Espinoza Andres F. , Whitlock Richard S. , Shah Sohail R. , Rodriguez J. Ruben , Nuchtern Jed G. , Minifee Paul K. , Le Louis D. , Stafford Shawn J. , Milewicz Allen L. , Mazziotti Mark V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction The Nuss procedure is the most common and preferred operative correction of pectus excavatum. Surgeon preference and patient factors can result in variations in Nuss procedure technique. We hypothesize that certain techniques are associated with increased risk of complications.
Materials and Methods We performed a single-center retrospective review of Nuss operations from 2016 to 2020. Variations in intraoperative techniques included sternal elevator (SE) use, number of bars placed, and usage of bilateral stabilizing sutures. Patient demographics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were reported as median with interquartile ranges or percentages. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was determined with Wilcoxon's rank-sum and chi-square tests. Multivariate analysis was performed to control for introduction of intercostal nerve cryoablation and surgeon volume, and reported as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
Results Two hundred and sixty-five patients were identified. Patients repaired with two bars were older with a larger Haller index (HI). Patient demographics were not significantly different for SE or stabilizing suture use. Placement of two bars was associated with significantly increased risk of readmission. Similarly, SE use was associated with increased risk of pleural effusion and readmission. Finally, the use of bilateral stabilizing sutures resulted in less frequent slipped bars without statistical significance.
Conclusion Older patients with a larger HI were more likely to need two bars placed to repair pectus excavatum. Placement of multiple bars and SE use are associated with significantly higher odds of certain complications.
Binaural Signal Processing in Hearing Aids
Authors: Derleth Peter , Georganti Eleftheria , Latzel Matthias , Courtois Gilles , Hofbauer Markus , Raether Juliane , Kuehnel Volker 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor many years, clinicians have understood the advantages of listening with two ears compared with one. In addition to improved speech intelligibility in quiet, noisy, and reverberant environments, binaural versus monaural listening improves perceived sound quality and decreases the effort listeners must expend to understand a target voice of interest or to monitor a multitude of potential target voices. For most individuals with bilateral hearing impairment, the body of evidence collected across decades of research has also found that the provision of two compared with one hearing aid yields significant benefit for the user. This article briefly summarizes the major advantages of binaural compared with monaural hearing, followed by a detailed description of the related technological advances in modern hearing aids. Aspects related to the communication and exchange of data between the left and right hearing aids are discussed together with typical algorithmic approaches implemented in modern hearing aids.
Long-Term Survivors of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience
Authors: Sharma Aparna , Sharma Atul , Sharma Vinod , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Akash , Deo SVS , Pathy Sushmita , Shukla NK , Pramanik Raja , Raina Vinod , Thulkar Sanjay , Kumar Rakesh , Mohanti BK 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is poor and goal of treatment is mainly palliative unless there is limited metastatic disease which is surgically resectable. Here, we report a case series of long-term survivors treated predominantly with chemotherapy.
Methods This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients of mCRC. Records of metastatic colorectal cancer patients registered at Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between the year 2005 and 2015 were retrieved and reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients who survived 5 years or more, treated mainly by chemotherapy, with either initial presentation as metastatic disease or those who progressed after initial surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. The details about the patient characteristics, treatment, and outcome were collected. The data were censored on September 30, 2020.
Results Records of 370 mCRC patients were reviewed. Thirty-one patients with all the available details fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study. Median age was 53 years (range, 22–74 years). Sixteen were women (51.6%). Twenty-four (77%) were newly diagnosed cases with initial presentation as metastatic disease. Commonest site of primary was on the left (21, 67.6%) followed by right side and transverse colon in 5 patients each. Liver was the most common site of metastasis (n = 18, 58.06%). In metastatic setting, the most common chemotherapy regimen used in the first line was CAPOX (n = 11, 35.48%). Only three patients could undergo metastatectomy. Monoclonal antibodies could be used only in 14 patients. Median overall survival (OS) of this cohort is 81.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.73–117.9).
Conclusion A small but significant proportion of mCRC patients may achieve and maintain durable responses and long term survival with use of combination of chemotherapy with or without biologics.
Bacterial rhamnolipids and their 3-hydroxyalkanoate precursors activate
Arabidopsis
innate immunity through two independent mechanisms
Authors: Schellenberger Romain , Crouzet Jérôme , Nickzad Arvin , Shu Lin-Jie , Kutschera Alexander , Gerster Tim , Borie Nicolas , Dawid Corinna , Cloutier Maude , Villaume Sandra , Dhondt-Cordelier Sandrine , Hubert Jane , Cordelier Sylvain , Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre Florence , Schmid Christian , Ongena Marc , Renault Jean-Hugues , Haudrechy Arnaud , Hofmann Thomas , Baillieul Fabienne , Clément Christophe , Zipfel Cyril , Gauthier Charles , Déziel Eric , Ranf Stefanie , Dorey Stéphan 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Activation of plant innate immunity relies on the perception of microorganisms through elicitors. Rhamnolipids and their precursor HAAs are exoproducts produced by bacteria. They are involved in bacterial surface dissemination and biofilm development. As these compounds are released in the extracellular milieu, they have the potential to be perceived by the plant immune system. Our work shows that both compounds independently activate plant immunity. We demonstrate that HAAs are perceived by the receptor protein kinase LORE. By contrast, rhamnolipids are not sensed by LORE but activate a noncanonical immune response influenced by the sphingolipid composition of the plant plasma membrane. Thus, plants can sense bacterial molecules as well as their direct precursors to trigger distinct immune responses.
The discrete-time Kermack–McKendrick model: A versatile and computationally attractive framework for modeling epidemics
Authors: Diekmann Odo , Othmer Hans G. , Planqué Robert , Bootsma Martin C. J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
We demonstrate the strength of a general discrete-time modeling framework in which model specification is reduced to the bare essentials. The approach is due to Kermack and McKendrick, dating from 1927. Despite the many citations, the true contents of their work is essentially unknown. On top of that, their continuous-time model takes the mathematical form of a renewal equation, and only a few experts can handle such equations numerically. Here, we establish that the discrete-time version is equally general and flexible and, yet, is very simple to parametrize on the basis of data and to implement computationally. This makes the framework highly suitable for studying control scenarios for epidemic diseases such as COVID-19.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamic in vivo using reporter-expressing viruses
Authors: Ye Chengjin , Chiem Kevin , Park Jun-Gyu , Silvas Jesus A. , Morales Vasquez Desarey , Sourimant Julien , Lin Michelle J. , Greninger Alexander L. , Plemper Richard K. , Torrelles Jordi B. , Kobie James J. , Walter Mark R. , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Martinez-Sobrido Luis 
Published: September 2021

Significance
To date, due to the insufficient expression level of reporter genes from previous recombinant (r)SARS-CoV-2, in which the viral open reading frame (ORF) 7a gene was replaced by reporter genes, tracking the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamic has been challenging. Here, we engineered rSARS-CoV-2 expressing fluorescent (Venus) or luciferase (Nano luciferase) reporter genes from the viral nucleocapsid (N) locus, without deleting any viral gene. These novel reporter-expressing rSARS-CoV-2, which give a higher expression level of reporter genes, allow us to monitor SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamic both in vitro and in vivo. These new reporter-expressing rSARS-CoVs-2 represent an excellent option to assess viral replication, tropisms, and pathogenicity as well as the rapid in vivo evaluation of effective countermeasures for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Commercially available carbohydrate drink with menthol fails to improve thermal perception or cycling exercise capacity in males
Authors: Podlogar Tim , Bolčič Tina , Cirnski Simon , Verdel Nina , Debevec Tadej 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this double‐blinded, crossover randomized and counterbalanced study was to compare the effects of ingesting a tepid commercially available carbohydrate–menthol‐containing sports drink (menthol) and an isocaloric carbohydrate‐containing sports drink (placebo) on thermal perception and cycling endurance capacity “in a simulated home virtual cycling environment”. It was hypothesized that the addition of menthol would improve indicators of thermal perception and improve endurance exercise capacity. Twelve healthy, endurance‐trained males (age 29 ± 5 years, height 181 ± 6 cm, body mass 79 ± 2 kg and V̇O2max 57.3 ± 6.4 mL kg−1 min−1) completed two experimental trials on a stationary bicycle without external air flow. Each trial consisted of (1) cycling for 60 min at 90% of the first ventilatory threshold while receiving a fixed amount of menthol or placebo every 10 min followed immediately by (2) cycling until volitional exhaustion (TTE) at 105% of the intensity corresponding to the respiratory compensation point. TTE did not differ between both conditions (541 ± 177 and 566 ± 150 s for menthol and placebo; p > 0.05) and neither did ratings of perceived thermal comfort or thermal sensation (p > 0.05). Also, the rectal temperature at the end of TTE was comparable between menthol and placebo trials (38.7 ± 0.2°C and 38.7 ± 0.3°C, respectively; p > 0.05). The present results demonstrate that the addition of menthol to commercially available sports drink does not improve thermal comfort or endurance exercise capacity during ∼65 min of intense virtual cycling.Highlights
Ingestion of a commercially available carbohydrate–menthol beverage at high exercise intensity and without air flow does not improve endurance exercise capacity.
When ingested with carbohydrates, it appears that a combination of carbohydrates and menthol does not improve thermal discomfort caused by intense exercise and a lack of air flow.
A menthol concentration higher than 0.01% might be required to induce the reduction in thermal discomfort when ingested in combination with carbohydrates.
Reduction scheme for coupled Dirac systems
Authors: Castillo-Celeita Miguel , Jakubský Vít 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe analyze a class of coupled quantum systems whose dynamics can be understood via two uncoupled, lower-dimensional quantum settings with auxiliary interactions. The general reduction scheme, based on algebraic properties of the potential term, is discussed in detail for two-dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian. We discuss its possible application in description of Dirac fermions in graphene or bilayer graphene in presence of distortion scattering or spin–orbit interaction. We illustrate the general results on the explicit examples where the involved interactions are non-uniform in space and time.
Emission characteristics of biodiesel fuels produced from Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Dieng M T , Iwanaga T , Yurie Y C , Torii S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This present research is focused on emission characteristic of biodiesel fuels produced from rapeseed oil. Biodiesel fuels are produced through an optimization of transesterification conditions based on the variation of the molar ratio of alcohol /oil using methanol and ethanol. Best samples are obtained after a transesterification reaction involving an alcohol/oil molar ratio of 18:1, 1% of potassium hydroxide as catalyst, 60 minutes of reaction time, a reaction temperature at 60°C and a stirring speed of 650rpm. The biodiesel fuels show a higher fuel consumption rate and exhaust gas temperature when the engine speed is increased. They also exhibit lower NOx emission with a slight rise in CO and CO2 emission compared to mineral diesel fuel tested in same conditions.
Seakeeping and resistance analysis of 1200 GT passenger ship fitted with NACA 4412 stern foil using CFD method
Authors: Asmara I P S , Sumardiono  , Adam M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Seakeeping performance is one of the requirements to ensure the convenience and safety of life at sea, especially for passenger ships. In this paper, the result of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses concerning the effect of NACA 4412 stern foil to the improvement of seakeeping quality and resistance of 1200 GT passenger ship are presented. The fitting of stern foil has become a popular method for the improvement of ship design. Stern foil is hydrofoil attached to the transom of the vessel located at the stern part below the waterline. The analysis was developed on the conditions of regular and irregular head waves. The CFD computation on 8 variations of the stern foil position and attack angle has been carried out by using Numeca Fine/Marine. The study confirms that the ship resistance decrease by 3.6 % at the service speed of the ship. The improvement of heaving and pitching amplitudes, as well as heaving acceleration, are significant for the hull vane located at 50% of displacement draft and 1% of displacement length with the attack angle of −4°.
Design floating robot of shallots irrigation with GPS based and using the waypoint navigation method
Authors: Nofandi F , Devandra R H , Hasugian S , Sutrisno I , Setiawan E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Shallots are tuber plants that are used as a spice in cooking. Watering shallots in the right way regularly will produce quality shallots. Currently many shallot farmers in Indonesia still need the services of daily workers (laborers), especially farmers in Kab. Nganjuk, East Java. The watering process is still manual. In addition, it is difficult to find daily workers (laborers). This of course will create losses for farmers. With technological developments in the current era, the writer wants to make a tool that can be used by shallot farmers. This tool uses GPS to navigate the trench traversed using the waypoint method. Apart from using GPS, this tool also uses ultrasonic sensors which function to keep the robot in the trench line. For watering this robot uses a dc water pump with high pressure so that it can reach the plants from the trench. This tool can be operated using an android application that makes it easier for farmers.
Fish aggregating devices as buoyant apparatus for improving safety on traditional fishing vessel
Authors: Wibawa P A , Wahidin A , Subiyanto L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The availability of standard safety equipment on fishing vessels in Indonesia is still a problem that needs to be addressed. Liferaft, which functions as a rescue raft for the crew when the ship has an accident and sinks, is rarely found on traditional fishing vessel in Indonesia. Traditional fishermen believed that some of the equipment on board can be used as safety equipment, such as the floating part of Fish Aggregating Devices. Proper buoyant apparatus has been designed to fulfil the minimum standard for safety equipment according to FAO/ILO/IMO recommendation. The designed buoyant apparatus has other function as a floating part for FAD. The buoyant apparatus can hold 6 crew in the water, and at the same time can support FAD module that consist of 1 unit 100WP solar panel, 4 unit batteries 12v 18Ah, and 4 light @10watt.
Design of printed circuit board detection with image information technology
Authors: Tibyani  , Hayati N , Sutrisno I , Khumaidi A , Rahman M A , Gumelar F , Dhipanusa K , Filemon  , Supriyanto E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this research, an automatic PCB’s deffects checking tool will be made with image processing technology that adopts Haar Cascade Classifier method as a decision maker for whether or not a broken circuit on the PCB, with this technology the PCB will be detected using a square feature to show the broken path. will be displayed on the interface on the monitor. From the results of the test, data using the Haar Casscade Classifier method has the average percentage of successful detection of broken paths on the PCB at a camera distance of 26 cm and 16 cm is 52.49% with the maximum hassle obtained when the camera distance is placed at a distance of 26 cm and an angle position of 105 degrees which has a success rate of 97.5%. This method is good enough for PCB defect detection tools.
Experimental study of air velocity effect of heat transfer in distillation condenser
Authors: Wibolo A , Made A A I , Sudirman  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A cooling tower is a heat exchanger equipment that uses water splashing media to lower the temperature by extracting heat from the water and emitting it into the atmosphere. Wind speed or velocity of wind waves is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by moving air from high pressure to low pressure while wind is moving air. Air velocity has an effect on the value of heat transfer coefficient, the faster the air, the better the value so that the heat transfer that occurs is also better. Research was also carried out on the human body to see forced convection due to the movement of these parts of the body, resulting in that the faster the body moves, the better the heat transfer coefficient value, this is related to the air flow that occurs on the body surface. The test shows that the more blower rotation make faster the heat transfer that occurs. At 2500 RPM rotation shows higher heat transfer by producing an average of 29.210 watts, the displacement decreases when the rotation is lowered to 1700 RPM to produce an average of 20.677 watts. The effectiveness of the tool by increasing the rotation from 1700 to 2500 by 32%.
Analysis static load to strength a Ship-RUV structure using finite element method
Authors: Budianto  , Sutrisno I , Ramat M B , Indarti R , Santosa A W B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Conditions of accidents or marine transportation incidents can cause several conditions in the ship's part to experience structural deformation or a condition to experience cracks in the hull of the ship which causes the ship to experience flooding and sinking. The latest method of technology that is developing in the world today has used the unmanned dive method using RUV (Remotely Underwater Vehicle). It is a specific solution with Ship-RUV technology was developed by prioritizing simpler technology of size and function capacity but using reliable technology and materials. At first, the technology developed in Ship-RUV with design and analysis using finite element. Finite element used to solve the problem; it subdivides a large system into smaller, simpler parts with a numerical approach. Structural Ship-RUV is acceptable when actual stress 60.16 N/mm2 less than allowable stresses. In the initial ROV design structure analysis, it was found that the bending stress value reached 102.01 N / mm2 obtained from the calculation of cremona or mechanical in the stanchion structure. While in the analysis of new Ship-RUV model uses the Finite Element method and gets the value of the bending stress of 60.16N/mm2 is obtained which is equipped with a visual stress distribution.