bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shortening the Scan Duration on Quantitative Accuracy of [18F]Flortaucipir Studies
Authors: Tuncel Hayel , Visser Denise , Yaqub Maqsood , Timmers Tessa , Wolters Emma E. , Ossenkoppele Rik , van der Flier Wiesje M. , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Boellaard Ronald , Golla Sandeep S. V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) protocols allow for accurate quantification of [18F]flortaucipir-specific binding. However, dynamic acquisitions can be challenging given the long required scan duration of 130 min. The current study assessed the effect of shorter scan protocols for [18F]flortaucipir on its quantitative accuracy.

Procedures
Two study cohorts with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and healthy controls (HC) were included. All subjects underwent a 130-min dynamic [18F]flortaucipir PET scan consisting of two parts (0–60/80–130 min) post-injection. Arterial sampling was acquired during scanning of the first cohort only. For the second cohort, a second PET scan was acquired within 1–4 weeks of the first PET scan to assess test-retest repeatability (TRT). Three alternative time intervals were explored for the second part of the scan: 80–120, 80–110 and 80–100 min. Furthermore, the first part of the scan was also varied: 0–50, 0–40 and 0–30 min time intervals were assessed. The gap in the reference TACs was interpolated using four different interpolation methods: population-based input function 2T4k_VB (POP-IP_2T4k_VB), cubic, linear and exponential. Regional binding potential (BPND) and relative tracer delivery (R1) values estimated using simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and/or receptor parametric mapping (RPM). The different scan protocols were compared to the respective values estimated using the original scan acquisition. In addition, TRT of the RPM BPND and R1 values estimated using the optimal shortest scan duration was also assessed.

Results
RPM BPND and R1 obtained using 0–30/80–100 min scan and POP-IP_2T4k_VB reference region interpolation had an excellent correlation with the respective parametric values estimated using the original scan duration (r2 > 0.95). The TRT of RPM BPND and R1 using the shortest scan duration was − 1 ± 5 % and − 1 ± 6 % respectively.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that [18F]flortaucipir PET scan can be acquired with sufficient quantitative accuracy using only 50 min of dual-time-window scanning time.
Psychische Belastungen bei Müllwerkern – Konsequenzen für die Beratungstätigkeit
Authors: Dehe Kerstin 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungUm die psychischen Belastungen von Müllwerkern zu erheben, wurde eine Bestandsaufnahme mit der Berufsgruppe vorgenommen, die Erkenntnisse für die spätere Beratungstätigkeit lieferte. Die Erhebung der Belastungen in Gruppendiskussionen wurde durch eine teilnehmende Beobachtung ergänzt, was einen psychodynamischen Blick auf die Besonderheiten der Organisation rund um den Müllwagen und die Charakteristika der Müllwerker erlaubte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Zusammenhang zwischen den Belastungen und dem beruflichen Selbstverständnis besteht. Dieses Wissen war für die weitere Beratung der Organisation hilfreich.
Impact of perceived social support on fear of missing out (FoMO): A moderated mediation model
Authors: Dou Fen , Li Qiaoling , Li Xiaoan , Li Qianfeng , Wang Minghui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFear of Missing Out (FoMO) is a pervasive phenomenon among college students that may negatively affect the physical and mental health of individuals. Perceived social support, as one of the effective protective factors, can mitigate the harmful effects of FoMO, but few studies to date have examined the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. The present study conducted an investigation involving 806 college students in China and used scales measuring perceived social support, basic psychological needs, perceived stress and FoMO to explore the relationship between perceived social support and FoMO. Findings indicated that 1) perceived social support was negatively associated with college students’ FoMO; 2) basic psychological needs partially mediated the relationship between perceived social support and FoMO; 3) the mediating role of basic psychological needs is moderated by perceived stress. Further, the study provides some theoretical and practical implications for the prevention of FoMO.
To BAN or Not to BAN: Bayesian Attention Networks for Reliable Hate Speech Detection
Authors: Miok Kristian , Škrlj Blaž , Zaharie Daniela , Robnik-Šikonja Marko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHate speech is an important problem in the management of user-generated content. To remove offensive content or ban misbehaving users, content moderators need reliable hate speech detectors. Recently, deep neural networks based on the transformer architecture, such as the (multilingual) BERT model, have achieved superior performance in many natural language classification tasks, including hate speech detection. So far, these methods have not been able to quantify their output in terms of reliability. We propose a Bayesian method using Monte Carlo dropout within the attention layers of the transformer models to provide well-calibrated reliability estimates. We evaluate and visualize the results of the proposed approach on hate speech detection problems in several languages. Additionally, we test whether affective dimensions can enhance the information extracted by the BERT model in hate speech classification. Our experiments show that Monte Carlo dropout provides a viable mechanism for reliability estimation in transformer networks. Used within the BERT model, it offers state-of-the-art classification performance and can detect less trusted predictions.
A comparison of ground-based count methods for quantifying seed production in temperate broadleaved tree species
Authors: Tattoni Clara , Chianucci Francesco , Ciolli Marco , Ferrara Carlotta , Marchino Luca , Zanni Michele , Zatelli Paolo , Cutini Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
• Key message

Litter trap is considered the most effective method to quantify seed production, but it is expensive and time-consuming. Counting fallen seeds using a quadrat placed on the ground yields comparable estimates to the litter traps. Ground quadrat estimates derived from either visual counting in the field or image counting from quadrat photographs are comparable, with the latter being also robust in terms of user sensitivity.

• Context

Accurate estimates of forest seed production are central for a wide range of ecological studies. As reference methods such as litter traps (LT) are cost- and time-consuming, there is a need of fast, reliable, and low-cost tools to quantify this variable in the field.

• Aims

To test two indirect methods, which consist of counting the seeds fallen in quadrats.

• Methods

The trial was performed in three broadleaved (beech, chestnut, and Turkey oak) tree species. Seeds are either manually counted in quadrats placed at the ground (GQ) or from images acquired in the same quadrats (IQ) and then compared against LT measurements.

• Results

GQ and IQ provide fast and reliable estimates of seeds in both oak and chestnut. In particular, IQ is robust in terms of user sensitivity and potentially enables automation in the process of seed monitoring. A null-mast year in beech hindered validation of quadrats in beech.

• Conclusion

Quadrat counting is a powerful tool to estimate forest seed production. We recommend using quadrats and LT to cross-calibrate the two methods in case of estimating seed biomass. Quadrats could then be used more routinely on account of their faster and simpler procedure to obtain measurements at more spatially extensive scales.
Numerical analysis and application of electric field grading device for metal-enclosed switchgear
Authors: Arslan Serdal , Bicen Yunus , Binarbasi Ömür 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectric field grading devices have great importance for both the electric power transmission and distribution systems. This paper presents an improved electric field grading device used in the medium voltage metal-enclosed switchgear. The solutions have been carried out by using Ansys Maxwell 3D software. The structure of two electrodes designed as cylindrical and elliptical have been compared to determine the electric field grading device to be used in practice. The transient and steady-state analyses have been performed in both designs. The field grading device manufactured for the metal-enclosed switchgear has been tested according to IEC standards in a high voltage laboratory environment. This study revealed that the newly designed field-grading device can be used in the metal-enclosed switchgear more safely. It also encourages researchers to optimize the electric field distribution using different geometric structures and to create running conditions in smaller indoor environments.
Modelling Global Nickel Mining, Supply, Recycling, Stocks-in-Use and Price Under Different Resources and Demand Assumptions for 1850–2200
Authors: Olafsdottir Anna Hulda , Sverdrup Harald Ulrik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe long-term supply of nickel to society was assessed with the WORLD7 model for the global nickel cycle, using new estimates of nickel reserves and resources, indicating that the best estimate of the ultimately recoverable resources for nickel is in the range of 650–720 million ton. This is significantly larger than earlier estimates. The extractable amounts were stratified by extraction cost and ore grade in the model, making them extractable only after price increases and cost reductions. The model simulated extraction, supply, ore grades, and market prices. The assessment predicts future scarcity and supply problems after 2100 for nickel. The model reconstructs observed extraction, supply and market prices for the period 1850–2020, and is used to simulate development for the period 2020–2200. The quality of nickel ore has decreased significantly from 1850 to 2020 and will continue to do so in the future according to the simulated predictions from the WORLD7 model. For nickel, extraction rates are suggested to reach their maximum value in 2050, and that most primary nickel resources will have been exhausted by 2130. After 2100, the supply per capita for nickel will decline towards exhaustion if business-as-usual is continuing. This will be manifested as reduced supply and increased prices. The peak year can be delayed by a maximum of 100 years if recycling rates are improved significantly and long before scarcity is visible.
The Update on Instruments Used for Evaluation of Comorbidities in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Pulik Łukasz , Podgajny Michał , Kaczyński Wiktor , Sarzyńska Sylwia , Łęgosz Paweł 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt is a well-established fact that concomitant diseases can affect the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, careful preoperative assessment of a patient's comorbidity burden is a necessity, and it should be a part of routine screening as THA is associated with a significant number of complications. To measure the multimorbidity, dedicated clinical tools are used.MethodsThe article is a systematic review of instruments used to evaluate comorbidities in THA studies. To create a list of available instruments for assessing patient's comorbidities, the search of medical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) for indices with proven impact on revision risk, adverse events, mortality, or patient's physical functioning was performed by two independent researchers.ResultsThe initial search led to identifying 564 articles from which 26 were included in this review. The measurement tools used were: The Charlson Comorbidity Index (18/26), Society of Anesthesiology classification (10/26), Elixhauser Comorbidity Method (6/26), and modified Frailty Index (5/26). The following outcomes were measured: quality of life and physical function (8/26), complications (10/26), mortality (8/26), length of stay (6/26), readmission (5/26), reoperation (2/26), satisfaction (2/26), blood transfusion (2/26), surgery delay or cancelation (1/26), cost of care (1/26), risk of falls (1/26), and use of painkillers (1/26). Further research resulted in a comprehensive list of eleven indices suitable for use in THA outcomes studies.ConclusionThe comorbidity assessment tools used in THA studies present a high heterogeneity level, and there is no particular system that has been uniformly adopted. This review can serve as a help and an essential guide for researchers in the field.
Hedonic Pricing of Rice Attributes, Market Sorting, and Gains from Quality Improvement in the Beninese Market
Authors: Ndindeng Sali Atanga , Twine Edgar E. , Mujawamariya Gaudiose , Fiamohe Rose , Futakuchi Koichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLatent class analysis is applied to a hedonic price model to examine the presence of heterogeneity in consumer valuation of quality attributes in the Beninese rice market. Three classes of consumers are found in proportions of 5, 56, and 39 percent. We employ a partial equilibrium model and find modest gains in consumer surplus from an increase in head rice and reduction in chalkiness. The results provide evidence of market sorting, which should be taken into consideration in upgrading rice value chains. Also, it is important to assess potential gains from quality improvement to determine priorities for research and development.
Artificial Benchmark for Community Detection (ABCD)—Fast random graph model with community structure
Authors: Kamiński Bogumił , Prałat Paweł , Théberge François 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost of the current complex networks that are of interest to practitioners possess a certain community structure that plays an important role in understanding the properties of these networks. For instance, a closely connected social communities exhibit faster rate of transmission of information in comparison to loosely connected communities. Moreover, many machine learning algorithms and tools that are developed for complex networks try to take advantage of the existence of communities to improve their performance or speed. As a result, there are many competing algorithms for detecting communities in large networks. Unfortunately, these algorithms are often quite sensitive and so they cannot be fine-tuned for a given, but a constantly changing, real-world network at hand. It is therefore important to test these algorithms for various scenarios that can only be done using synthetic graphs that have built-in community structure, power law degree distribution, and other typical properties observed in complex networks. The standard and extensively used method for generating artificial networks is the LFR graph generator. Unfortunately, this model has some scalability limitations and it is challenging to analyze it theoretically. Finally, the mixing parameter μ, the main parameter of the model guiding the strength of the communities, has a non-obvious interpretation and so can lead to unnaturally defined networks. In this paper, we provide an alternative random graph model with community structure and power law distribution for both degrees and community sizes, the Artificial Benchmark for Community Detection (ABCD graph). The model generates graphs with similar properties as the LFR one, and its main parameter ξ can be tuned to mimic its counterpart in the LFR model, the mixing parameter μ. We show that the new model solves the three issues identified above and more. In particular, we test the speed of our algorithm and do a number of experiments comparing basic properties of both ABCD and LFR. The conclusion is that these models produce graphs with comparable properties but ABCD is fast, simple, and can be easily tuned to allow the user to make a smooth transition between the two extremes: pure (independent) communities and random graph with no community structure.
Associations between newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration and neurodevelopment and growth of children at 18 months
Authors: Wassie Molla Mesele , Smithers Lisa Gaye , Yelland Lisa Nicole , Makrides Maria , Zhou Shao Jia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the associations between newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, a marker of iodine nutrition in early life, and childhood neurodevelopment and growth using data collected from two pregnancy studies, one in a borderline iodine-deficient setting (DHA to Optimize Mother Infant Outcome (DOMInO) Study) and one in an iodine-sufficient setting (Pregnancy Iodine and Neurodevelopment in Kids (PINK) Study). TSH data were obtained from routine newborn screening. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 18 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III). Weight, height and head circumference were measured at 18 months. In total, 1467 children were included in the analysis. Comparing the highest with the lowest TSH quartile, the mean differences (MD) in the Bayley-III scores ranged from −2·0 (95 % CI −4·7, 0·7) to −2·2 (95 % CI −5·8, 1·3) points in DOMInO and 1·0 (95 % CI −1·6, 3·6) to 2·0 (95 % CI −0·4, 4·4) points in PINK in the cognitive, language and motor scales; the MD in the anthropometric z scores ranged from −0·01 (95 % CI −0·5, 0·5) to −0·5 (95 % CI −0·9, −0·1) in both studies. A 1 mIU/l increase in TSH was associated with −0·3 (95 % CI −0·9, 0·2) point and 0·2 (95 % CI −0·3, 0·7) point changes in the mean cognitive score in the DOMInO and PINK, respectively. A null association between TSH and growth was also observed in both studies. Longitudinal studies that utilise newborn TSH data and examine neurodevelopmental outcomes at later ages are warranted, as neurodevelopmental assessments in older children are more predictive of later achievement.
Folic acid supplementation and risk for fetal abdominal wall defects in China: results from a large population-based intervention cohort study
Authors: Liu Jufen , Li Zhiwen , Ye Rongwei , Ren Aiguo , Liu Jianmeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFolic acid (FA) can reduce the risk for selected birth defects other than neural tube defects. We examined whether FA has preventive effects against fetal abdominal wall defects (AWD) in a unique intervention cohort in China. Birth outcomes of 247 831 singleton births from a population-based cohort study with detailed pre-conceptional FA intake information were collected in China in 1993–1996. Information on births at 20 complete gestational weeks, including live births, stillbirths and pregnancy terminations, and all structural birth defects regardless of gestational week were recorded. The birth prevalence of omphalocele, gastroschisis and total fetal AWD was classified by maternal FA supplementation. The prevalence of total AWD was 4·30 per 10 000 births among women who took FA compared with 13·46 per 10 000 births among those who did not take FA in northern China and 6·28 and 5·18 per 10 000 births, respectively, in southern China. The prevalence of omphalocele was 0·54 per 10 000 births among women who took FA compared with 3·74 per 10 000 births among those who did not take FA in northern China and 1·79 and 1·44 per 10 000 births, respectively, in southern China. FA supplementation significantly prevented total AWD in multivariate analysis (relative risk 0·26, 95 % CI 0·11, 0·61) in northern China, although no preventive effect of FA on AWD was observed in southern China. FA supplementation successfully reduced the prevalence of AWD in northern China.
Between Industry and Islam: Stonework and tomb construction in colonial-era India
Authors: LANZILLO AMANDA M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, monumental Muslim tombs in India served as spaces for refashioning local religious and social identities. Elite patrons, technical overseers, and stoneworkers engaged with new technologies of construction at sites meant to reflect claims on the Muslim past. This article interrogates divergent class understandings of monumental Muslim tombs in colonial-era India. It compares the construction of monumental Islamic tombs in the states of Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Rampur—three Muslim-led ‘native states’, quasi-autonomous polities under colonial oversight. By the late nineteenth century, many native state patrons employed a new middle class of technical intermediary to oversee tomb construction. The rise of this class created new hierarchies within construction, with apprenticeship-trained master craftsmen increasingly marginalized from state narratives and aligned with stoneworkers and other labourers. While patrons and middle-class intermediaries argued that new technologies and materials should be used to ‘modernize’ construction, they portrayed technical change as divorced from the religious symbolism of tombs. In contrast, workers integrated the religious and the technical, positioning technologies of construction within narratives of Muslim practice. The article uses native state tombs to analyse how labourers adapted to technical demands, without necessarily adopting state ideologies.
Does Student Loan Debt Structure Young People’s Housing Tenure? Evidence from England
Authors: DE GAYARDON ARIANE , CALLENDER CLAIRE , DESJARDINS STEPHEN L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the interaction between two policy areas affecting young people in England – housing and student funding. It is the first of its kind exploring a range of dynamics in the relationship between housing and student loan debt. Young people today are far less likely to own their home and are more likely to live with their parents than earlier generations. In parallel, higher education tuition fee increases have led to a growing share of students taking out loans and graduating with higher debt, which they will be repaying for most of their working lives. This research examines the relationship between student loans – having borrowed for higher education and attitudes towards debt – and housing tenure at age 25, using the Next Steps dataset. We find that young graduates who did not borrow for higher education are more likely to own their home and less likely to rent or live with their parents than graduates who borrowed for their studies or young people who never attended higher education. These results suggest that higher education funding policies and student loan debt play important roles in structuring young people’s housing in England.
Wrench Capabilities of a Kinematically Redundant Planar Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Boudreau Roger , Nokleby Scott , Gallant Marise 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYThis paper presents a methodology to obtain the wrench capabilities of a kinematically redundant planar parallel manipulator using a wrench polytope approach. A methodology proposed by others for non-redundant and actuation-redundant manipulators is adapted to a kinematically redundant manipulator. Four wrench capabilities are examined: a pure force analysis, the maximum force for a prescribed moment, the maximum reachable force, and the maximum moment with a prescribed force. The proposed methodology, which finds the exact explicit solution for three of the four wrench capabilities, does not use optimization and is very efficient.
Branding in practice, or how an Amsterdam publisher used the city to promote Gerbrand Bredero (1585–1618)
Authors: Jansen Jeroen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the publisher Cornelis vander Plasse managed to promote the literary career of the Dutch playwright Gerbrand Bredero (1585–1618) by using Amsterdam as a place. It is concerned with the way in which this Amsterdam-based publisher took decisions both to comply with Bredero's work and to derive maximum benefit from its publication. One of his strategies was to deploy the city as a recognizable trademark to Bredero's work. By using the advantages that the ‘place’ of Amsterdam offered him, he proved himself an expert in marketing and advertising, laying the foundation of Bredero's reputation as both an Amsterdam-based and national author in the centuries to follow.