bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the societal economic cost of poor oral health among older adults in the United States? A scoping review
Authors: Huang Shulamite S. , Veitz‐Keenan Analia , McGowan Richard , Niederman Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the state of the literature in the United States quantifying the societal economic cost of poor oral health among older adults.BackgroundProponents of a Medicare dental benefit have argued that addressing the growing need for dental care among the US older adult population will decrease costs from systemic disease and other economic costs due to oral disease. However, it is unclear what the current economic burden of poor oral health among older adults is in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review examining the cost of poor oral health among older adults and identified cost components that were included in relevant studies.ResultsOther than oral cancer, no studies were found examining the economic costs of poor oral health among older adults (untreated tooth decay, gum disease, tooth loss and chronic disease/s). Only two studies examining the costs of oral cancer were found, but these studies did not assess the full economic cost of oral cancer from patient, insurer and societal perspectives.ConclusionsFuture work is needed to assess the full economic burden of poor oral health among older adults in the United States, and should leverage novel linkages between medical claims data, dental claims data and oral health outcomes data.
How do older age, gender and risk groups affect protective behaviours and mental health in the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Gamsızkan Zerrin , Sungur Mehmet Ali , Erdemir Gökhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 infection is severe in the presence of older age, male gender and risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of anxiety created by immensely spreading COVID‐19‐related information and age, gender and the presence of risk factors.Material and MethodsThe data used in this study were obtained by collecting a 25‐question questionnaire created through Google forms with various communication tools.ResultsThe data of 929 people who answered the questionnaire were used. The level of anxiety increased with age significantly, upon hearing that a person from their age group was harmed by the virus (P < .001). The feelings of being depressed and hopeless significantly increased as the age increased (P < .001). There was no significant difference between the genders in terms of feeling depressed and feeling of lack of joy in life (P = .066, P = .308, respectively). Participants with chronic diseases stated that they felt more depressed and hopeless and a lack of joy in life more frequently (P < .001).ConclusionOur results indicated that individuals with older age and having risk factors were more vulnerable to the stress caused by the pandemic. It is necessary for healthcare providers to identify high‐risk groups by considering these situations, in order to make early psychological interventions.
From pirates to subscribers: 20 years of music consumption research
Authors: Montoro‐Pons Juan D. , Caballer‐Tarazona María , Cuadrado‐García Manuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed an increasing scholarly interest on music consumption. This interest can be explained, at least partly, to the relevance of music as a form of cultural consumption and the profound changes the sector has undergone. This paper performs a bibliometric analysis of the literature on music consumption research. In doing so, a database comprising 455 academic documents on the fields of business, economics, and management, was reviewed following a systematic procedure. Through it we identify the intellectual roots and the methodological evolution of the field. Furthermore, text mining was applied to analyse the themes included in the research agenda and their evolution. As a result, potential topics, approaches, and methods for future music consumption research are proposed.
A consumer culture theory perspective of the marketplace: An integrative review and agenda for research
Authors: Hungara Ana , Nobre Helena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the last decades, the focus of studies on consumer behavior has changed from the individual to the group. Classical theories based on economic utility are insufficient to understand this phenomenon. Therefore, a new theoretical and postmodern approach seems necessary. Despite the increasing popularity of consumption communities, the investigation in the field is still dispersed. This study represents one first attempt to synthesize findings on the topic, in light of the consumer culture theory (CCT) tradition. CCT provides a useful framework to understand the social, cultural, experiential, and symbolic aspects of consumption. In this paper, we perform a systematic literature review on consumption communities. We also suggest an agenda for future research on the topic, consisting of its emerging themes and a set of propositions of study.
Effect of obesity on mortality among hospitalized paediatric patients with severe sepsis
Authors: Thavamani Aravind , Umapathi Krishna Kishore , Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Roy Aparna 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIntroductionSevere sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality among children. Studies in adults have suggested a protective effect of obesity on mortality among patients hospitalized with sepsis. Paediatric studies evaluating similar relationship is lacking.MethodsWe analysed non‐overlapping years of the Kids Inpatient Database (KID) and National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2003 and 2014 of all paediatric patients with severe sepsis (PSS) up to 20 years of age. PSS was defined using specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and modified Angus criteria. Using ICD‐9 diagnosis codes, patients were divided into three mutually exclusive groups (obesity, morbid obesity and control groups), and these groups were compared for outcomes measures including in‐hospital mortality and healthcare resource utilization using the length of stay and inflation‐adjusted hospitalization charges.ResultsWe analysed 109 026 hospitalizations due to PSS. The prevalence rate of obesity was 1.5% (n = 1643), and morbid obesity was 1.05% (n = 1147). Multivariate regression models showed obesity was associated with 63% (OR 0.37, CI: 0.29–0.47, p < 0.001) and 54% reduction in mortality among PSS patients and patients with septic shock respectively. Contrastingly, morbid obesity was not associated with mortality among PSS patients and but was associated with 1.37 times (CI: 1.06–1.78, p = 0.01) increased risk of mortality among paediatric patients with septic shock.ConclusionsPaediatric obesity is associated with reduced mortality among patients with PSS, with the exception of morbid obesity. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand the relationship between obesity and outcomes in PSS.
Fewer jobs, better jobs? An international comparative study of robots and ‘routine’ work in the public sector
Authors: Lloyd Caroline , Payne Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRoutine manual work is often considered particularly vulnerable to digitalisation. Alongside potential employment effects, jobs are expected to change in terms of task and skill requirements. This article contributes to debates on the pace of digitalisation and the impact on low‐skilled manual work through a study of transport robots in public hospitals in Norway and Scotland. Drawing on qualitative research, the findings are used to analyse the role of unions, as part of ‘country’ and ‘sector’ effects, shaping digitalisation and its outcomes.
The impact of innovation attributes and the mediating effect of environmental attitudes towards environmental management practices among SMEs
Authors: Latip Malisah , Sharkawi Ismawati , Mohamed Zainalabidin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is growing concern about the disastrous effect of the food manufacturing sector on the environment, making environmental management practices (EMPs) a potential solution that cannot be ignored. In order to deepen the knowledge related to environmental attitude and the relationship between this attitude and the intention to adopt EMPs, the owner‐managers of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), which are the primary decision‐makers in the organisation, are the best area of interest to be tested. This paper aims to investigate the influence of owner‐managers’ environmental attitude and its mediation effect, as well as the influences of attributes of innovation toward the intention to adopt EMPs. This study was conducted on 367 food manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia, and the data collected were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings revealed that environmental attitude, relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity have significantly influenced the owner‐managers’ intention to adopt EMPs. Furthermore, the owner‐managers’ environmental attitude proved to have partial mediation effects in the structural model. The paper has significant implications as it shows the vital role of the owner‐managers’ environmental attitude, not only as a driver that nurtures the intentions of EMPs, but also as an intervening variable that mediates the relationship between the attributes of innovation and the intention to adopt EMPs.
Nurturing and quiet intervention (NeuroN‐QI) on preterm infants’ neurodevelopment and maternal stress and anxiety: A pilot randomized clinical trial protocol
Authors: Aita Marilyn , Héon Marjolaine , Lavallée Andréane , De Clifford Faugère Gwenaëlle , Altit Gabriel , Le May Sylvie , Dorval Véronique , Lippé Sarah , Larone Juneau Audrey , Remmer Elissa , Rennick Janet E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrimary objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the NeuroN‐QI and the study procedures. Secondary objectives are to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the NeuroN‐QI by the nurses, assess the nurses’ training needs about the components of the NeuroN‐QI, and estimate the preliminary effects of the NeuroN‐QI on infants’ neurodevelopment as well as maternal stress and anxiety at infants’ 36 weeks of gestational age.DesignA two‐group pilot parallel randomized clinical trial stratified by center.MethodsThe pilot study will be conducted in two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). A sample of 24 mother–infant dyads born between 26 and 316/7 gestational age will be randomized into an experimental or control group. Fifty nurses will be recruited. The NeuroN‐QI consists of four 2‐hour skin‐to‐skin contact sessions/week with a 15‐minute auditory stimulation by mothers with controlled ambient levels of light and noise. A 1‐hour quiet period will follow where infants will rest in their incubator/crib with their mother's milk for olfactory stimulation and where the light and noise control will be continued. In the control group, mother–infant dyads will do four skin‐to‐skin contacts per week and receive standard care. Acceptability and feasibility of the NeuroN‐QI in addition to maternal stress and anxiety will be measured through questionnaires, while infants’ neurodevelopment will be assessed with Assessment of Preterm Infant Behaviour and General Movement Assessment.ConclusionsThis pilot trial will address knowledge gaps and generate evidence in neonatal care by evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a multi‐component developmental care intervention.ImpactThis project is an innovative step towards optimizing the neurodevelopmental trajectory of infants in NICUs and consequently promoting their long‐term health outcomes.Trial RegistrationNCT04593095.
Understanding parapatry: How do environment and competitive interactions shape Iberian vipers’ distributions?
Authors: Chamorro Darío , Martínez‐Freiría Fernando , Real Raimundo , Muñoz Antonio‐Román 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAimAs parapatric distributions are traditionally studied by pairs of species, this study aims to evaluate the causes of the maintenance of parapatry, specifically to assess whether the case of the three viper species present in the Iberian Peninsula is mainly caused by environmental conditions, historical events, interspecific competition among them, or a combination of these factors.LocationThe Iberian Peninsula.TaxonVipera aspis,V. latasteiandV. seoanei..MethodsWe applied the concept of favourability of occurrence to produce commensurate distribution units unaffected by the prevalence of different species in the Iberian Peninsula. We compared the favourability of each species individually with the favourability of occurrence of more than one species co‐occurring in their overlapping ranges, and identified the areas in which sympatric coexistence, environmental segregation and competitive exclusion are predicted to occur.ResultsThe main driver of the parapatric pattern was competitive exclusion, which was mediated by gradual changes in the environmental conditions favouring each species. The para‐MediterraneanV. aspispresented fragmented favourable areas outside its range that seemed to be unoccupied due to competitive exclusion by the other vipers. The MediterraneanV. latasteiappeared to be limited by competition with the other viper species and by the environment in north‐western Iberia.V. seoaneiprevented the other two species becoming established in the north‐western quarter of the Iberian Peninsula due to its better adaption to the humid conditions in this region. Some areas of sustainable coexistence were detected, mainly in the upper reaches of the River Ebro.Main conclusionsEach species is better adapted to particular conditions. However, the existence of ecotones forces them to occur sympatrically and compete for resources. The parapatric pattern is a result of the evolutionary history of the species and of strong competitive interactions between them, which form ‘competitive‐exclusion barriers’. However, these barriers are environmentally dependent, so changes in the environment could rapidly affect the limits of the species distribution.
Identifying environmental pathways between irritability during childhood and suicidal ideation and attempt in adolescence: findings from a 20‐year population‐based study
Authors: Forte Alberto , Orri Massimiliano , Turecki Gustavo , Galera Cedric , Pompili Maurizio , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Geoffroy Marie‐Claude 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIrritable children are at increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, but the underlying environmental mechanisms accounting for these associations are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of peer victimization and harsh parenting in the association between childhood irritability and adolescent suicidal ideation and attempt.MethodN = 1,483 participants from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development followed up from 5 months until 20 years of age (2018) with annual or biannual assessments. Irritability was operationalized using assessments of teacher‐reported temper tantrums and reactive aggression. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt at ages 13, 15, 17, and 20 years were self‐reported. Peer victimization (self‐reported at age 13) and harsh parenting (mothers reported at age 13) were considered as potential mediators.ResultsWe identified four trajectories of teacher‐reported irritability symptoms from 6 to 12 years: low (74.8%), rising (12.9%), declining (7.3%), and persistent (4.9%). In adjusted models, children in the persistent and rising trajectories had, respectively, 2.81‐fold (CI, 1.27–6.22) and 2.14‐fold (CI, 1.20–3.81) increased odds of suicide attempt in adolescence, but not suicidal ideation. We found that a significant proportion of the association between irritability trajectories and suicide attempt was mediated by peer victimization (33% and 35% for rising and persistent, respectively), but there was no mediation via harsh parenting.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that peer victimization may be a key mechanism explaining the increased suicide attempt risk of children presenting with persistently high or increasing irritability. Interventions to reduce peer victimization may be helpful to reduce suicide risk among irritable children.
Evaluating entrepreneurship training: How important are field experiments for estimating impacts?
Authors: Fairlie Robert W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGovernments and donors around the world spend billions of dollars subsidizing entrepreneurship training programs. Unbiased evaluation estimates are paramount to understanding whether subsidies and investments in these programs are justified. The goal of this paper is to compare nonexperimental to experimental methods for evaluating the effectiveness of entrepreneurship training programs that provide training in management, marketing, accounting, legal, and other aspects of starting and running businesses. For the comparison, I take advantage of an unprecedented setting in which experimental and nonexperimental estimates are derived from the same underlying population of study participants. The Growing America through Entrepreneurship field experiment provides a uniquely large sample allowing for a separate nonexperimental analysis using only the control group. Experimental estimates indicate null effects of entrepreneurship training on business outcomes: business ownership, sales, and employment. In contrast, nonexperimental estimates using an extremely rich set of controls, including typically unobservable characteristics, such as previous family business experience, credit problems, and personality traits, find large, positive, and statistically significant effects. The nonexperimental estimates range from 21 to 22 percentage points (pp) for business ownership, $1300–2000 for average monthly sales, and 4–6 pp for hiring any employees at 1.5‐ and 5‐year follow‐ups. Nearest‐neighbor and propensity‐score matching models using detailed individual characteristics provide similarly large, positive, and statistically significant effects of entrepreneurship training on business outcomes. The findings have implications for choosing evaluation methods of government programs and provide evidence of positive selection bias which has more general implications on the scalability of entrepreneurship training programs to broader populations.
Application of artificial neural networks for predicting parameters of commercial vacuum cooling process of baby cos lettuce
Authors: Kongwong Pratsanee , Boonyakiat Danai , Pongsirikul Israpong , Poonlarp Pichaya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) demonstrated sensitive results in predicting final temperature and weight loss percentage of commercial vacuum cooling process. According to the results for final temperature, ANNs showed better prediction performance than multiple linear regression in all criteria, including an adjusted R‐squared (R2adj) of .932 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.579. In addition, the predicted values of weight loss percentage from ANN models were in good agreement with all experimental data (Radj2 = .82 and RMSE = 0.286). The process parameters from proper ANN model was subsequently used to investigate the effect of vacuum cooling on the qualities of baby cos lettuce during storage compared with the non‐precooled samples. The results suggested that vacuum cooling was an effective method for extending shelf life of baby cos lettuce from 9 to 16 days at 4°C. Qualities of fresh lettuce vacuum cooled using selected process parameters simulated from proper ANN model were significantly better than the non‐precooled sample during storage (p ≤ .05).Practical ApplicationsVacuum cooling widely considered the best precooling technique for horticultural produce. However, vacuum cooling also has some disadvantages including weight loss and freezing injury occurring during the vacuum cooling process, due to the setting of inapplicable parameters before the vacuum cooling process such as final pressure and holding time. Experimental study of the optimum vacuum cooling parameters for baby cos lettuce in each season (winter or summer) takes a long time and is expensive. Therefore, the present study emphasized the effects of vacuum cooling parameters setting on final temperature and weight loss percentage of baby cos lettuce. Prediction methods using artificial neural network (ANN) allow for vacuum cooling processes based on experimental research to be recommended as feasible at an industrial scale.
A rainfall threshold‐based approach to early warnings in urban data‐scarce regions: A case study of pluvial flooding in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Young Adele , Bhattacharya Biswa , Zevenbergen Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRapidly expanding cities in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region are at risk of flooding due to heavy rainfall, insufficient drainage capacity, a lack of preparedness and insufficient data to conduct required studies. A low regret Early Warning Systems (EWS) using rainfall thresholds is proposed as a cost‐effective short‐term solution. This study aims to utilise a probabilistic approach to characterise and predict urban floods by assessing critical rainfall thresholds likely to cause flooding combined with ensemble precipitation forecast in Alexandria, Egypt. Rainfall thresholds were inferred by associating observed rainfall and historical flood information sourced from social media and newspapers. Floods were classified in a colour‐coded hazard matrix as no flood (green), minor flood (yellow), significant flood (orange), and severe flood (red). Probability of occurrence of hazard classes was derived by incorporating ensemble rainfall into the hazard matrix to jointly evaluate likelihood and hazard severity. Results from this study showed that three of four severe events analysed could have been predicted with a high likelihood up to 24 hr before. The presented approach supports decision making to issue warnings and flood control actions with limited data and is a model for other data scare regions.
CD33M inhibits microglial phagocytosis, migration and proliferation, but the Alzheimer’s disease‐protective variant CD33m stimulates phagocytosis and proliferation, and inhibits adhesion
Authors: Butler Claire Ann , Thornton Peter , Brown Guy Charles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCD33 is a Siglec (sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐type lectin) receptor on microglia. Human CD33 can be alternatively spliced into two isoforms: the long isoform (CD33M) and a shorter isoform (CD33m) that lacks the sialic acid‐binding site. CD33m appears to protect against Alzheimer's disease; however, it remains unclear how. To investigate potential mechanisms by which CD33m may confer protection, we expressed the CD33m and CD33M isoforms of human CD33 in mouse BV‐2 and human CHME3 microglial cells and assessed microglia functions. In the BV‐2 cells, CD33M inhibited microglial phagocytosis of beads, synapses, debris and dead cells, while CD33m increased phagocytosis of beads, debris and cells. RNAi knockdown of the endogenous mouse CD33 increased phagocytosis and prevented CD33m's (but not CD33M’s) effect on phagocytosis. CD33M increased cell attachment but inhibited cell proliferation, while CD33m did the opposite. We also found that CD33M inhibited cell migration. In human CHME3 cells, CD33M increased cell attachment, but inhibited phagocytosis, proliferation and migration, whereas CD33m did the opposite. We conclude that CD33M inhibits microglial phagocytosis, inhibits migration and increases adhesion, while CD33m increases phagocytosis, proliferation and inhibits adhesion. Thus, CD33m might protect against Alzheimer's disease by increasing microglial proliferation, movement and phagocytosis of debris and dead cells.
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