bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New cognitive sharing algorithms for cloud service management
Authors: Ogiela Lidia , Ogiela Marek R. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis article will present new classes of confidential data management algorithms for the protection and safeguarding of classified data. These algorithms will constitute a solution dedicated to supporting the process of safeguarding and protecting information with various meanings and in different forms. A special type of data is services, understood as information subject to the processes of management and protection. These processes will be discussed on the example of selected solutions dedicated to the concealment of information with secret character. A novelty presented in this article is the possibility to apply algorithms based on the meaning interpretation of the analyzed data in order to secure the data properly; there is also a possibility of executing the proposed solutions regardless of the structure, in which these solutions are to be implemented. An effective execution of data protection tasks will be discussed on the example of two‐stage secret protection algorithms, that is, the protection of the basic data set and the information set with meanings generated on the basis of the semantic secret analysis. Standard secret division approaches are not dependent on semantic content of shared information. In this article, we will be presented such novel approach, which allow to divide data depending on its semantic meaning or content. The problem of semantic meaning evaluation will be solved using cognitive information systems, allowing to extract meaning hidden in the splitted data.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Arylamides with Hydrophobic Side Chains for Insulin Aggregation Inhibition
Authors: Gangarde Yogesh M. , Das Anirban , Ajit Jainu , Saraogi Ishu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInsulin, a peptide hormone, forms fibrils under aberrant physiological conditions leading to a reduction in its biological activity. To ameliorate insulin aggregation, we have synthesized a small library of oligopyridylamide foldamers decorated with different combination of hydrophobic side chains. Screening of these compounds for insulin aggregation inhibition using a Thioflavin‐T assay resulted in the identification of a few hit molecules. The best hit molecule, BPAD2 inhibited insulin aggregation with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM. Mechanistic analyses suggested that BPAD2 inhibited secondary nucleation and elongation processes during aggregation. The hit molecules worked in a mechanistically distinct manner, thereby underlining the importance of structure‐activity relationship studies in obtaining a molecular understanding of protein aggregation.
Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter‐rows in different floral kingdoms
Authors: Kratschmer Sophie , Pachinger Bärbel , Gaigher René , Pryke James S. , van Schalkwyk Julia , Samways Michael J. , Melin Annalie , Kehinde Temitope , Zaller Johann G. , Winter Silvia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWild bees are threatened by multiple interacting stressors, such as habitat loss, land use change, parasites, and pathogens. However, vineyards with vegetated inter‐rows can offer high floral resources within viticultural landscapes and provide foraging and nesting habitats for wild bees. Here, we assess how vineyard management regimes (organic vs. conventional; inter‐row vegetation management) and landscape composition determine the inter‐row plant and wild bee assemblages, as well as how these variables relate to functional traits in 24 Austrian and 10 South African vineyards. Vineyards had either permanent vegetation cover in untilled inter‐rows or temporary vegetation cover in infrequently tilled inter‐rows. Proportion of seminatural habitats (e.g., fallows, grassland, field margins) and woody structures (e.g., woodlots, single trees, tree rows) were used as proxies for landscape composition and mapped within 500‐m radius around the study vineyards. Organic vineyard management increased functional richness (FRic) of wild bees and flowering plants, with woody structures marginally increasing species richness and FRic of wild bees. Wild bee and floral traits were differently associated across the countries. In Austria, several bee traits (e.g., lecty, pollen collection type, proboscis length) were associated with flower color and symmetry, while in South African vineyards, only bees’ proboscis length was positively correlated with floral traits characteristic of Asteraceae flowers (e.g., ray–disk morphology, yellow colors). Solitary bee species in Austria benefitted from infrequent tillage, while ground nesting species preferred inter‐rows with undisturbed soils. Higher proportions of woody structures in surrounding landscapes resulted in less solitary and corbiculate bees in Austria, but more aboveground nesting species in South Africa. In both countries, associations between FRic of wild bees and flowering plants were positive both in organic and in conventional vineyards. We recommend the use of diverse cover crop seed mixtures to enhance plant flowering diversity in inter‐rows, to increase wild bee richness in viticultural landscapes.
Hospitalizations for heart failure: still major differences between East and West Germany 30 years after reunification
Authors: Dörr Marcus , Riemer Uwe , Christ Michael , Bauersachs Johann , Bosch Ralph , Laufs Ulrich , Neumann Anja , Scherer Martin , Störk Stefan , Wachter Rolf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is the most common primary inpatient diagnosis in Germany. We examined temporal trends of HF hospitalization within Germany focusing on regional differences.Methods and resultsWe analysed aggregated data of more than 320 million hospitalizations in Germany from 2000 to 2017. Temporal trends of HF‐related parameters were analysed, focusing on regional differences between the federal states. The absolute number of HF‐related hospitalizations throughout Germany increased continuously and almost doubled (from 239 694 to 464 724 cases, +94%) with the relative increase being higher in East Germany compared with West Germany (119% vs. 88%). These regional differences persisted after age standardization with 609 and 490 cases per 100 000 population, respectively. The length of stay decreased continuously across Germany (from 14.3 to 10.2 days; −29%), while the total number of HF‐related hospital days increased by 51% in East Germany and 35% in West Germany. In 2017, HF remained the leading cause of in‐hospital death (8.9% of all cases), with a markedly higher rate in East vs. West Germany (65 vs. 43 deaths per 100 000 population).ConclusionsHeart failure remains the most common cause of hospitalization and in‐hospital death throughout Germany. The increase in HF‐related morbidity and mortality was much higher in East Germany compared with West Germany during the observation period. A more detailed understanding of these striking disparities 30 years after the German reunification requires further investigations. There is an urgent need for action with regard to stronger control of risk factors and improvement of both chronic HF management and healthcare structures.
Propofol improves brain injury induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Yang Xudong , Han Fang , Gao Ling , Zhou Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo study effect of propofol on cognitive dysfunction and brain injury in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The bilateral carotid artery ligation (bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and BCCAO) to establish rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): sham‐operation group treated with saline model group, propofol treatment model group, normal saline treatment, propofol treatment in the sham‐operation group; continuous intraperitoneal injection of propofol and saline for 12 weeks. Morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats. Determination of central cholinergic and oxidative stress in brain tissue by spectrophotometry. Detection of inflammatory response in brain tissue by immunohistochemistry and ELISA method. Detection of neuronal loss in brain tissue by Nissl and TUNEL staining. Compared with the saline‐treated model group, propofol in model group significantly increased the rat brain tissue SOD activity (p < .01) and GPX activity (p < .01), decreased the MDA levels (p < .01) and protein carbonyl compound levels (p < .01). The propofol treatment of model group rats hippocampal GFAP‐immunoreactive satellite glial cells (p < .01) and immune Iba1‐positive microglia cells (p < .01) area percent compared to saline‐treated model group decreased significantly. The number of normal propofol treatment of model group rats hippocampus neuron than in physiological saline treatment model group rats was significantly increased (p < .01). Propofol can improve chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats induced by cognitive dysfunction and brain damage.
Deep reasoning neural network analysis to predict language deficits from psychometry‐driven DWI connectome of young children with persistent language concerns
Authors: Jeong Jeong‐Won , Banerjee Soumyanil , Lee Min‐Hee , O'Hara Nolan , Behen Michael , Juhász Csaba , Dong Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigated whether current state‐of‐the‐art deep reasoning network analysis on psychometry‐driven diffusion tractography connectome can accurately predict expressive and receptive language scores in a cohort of young children with persistent language concerns (n = 31, age: 4.25 ± 2.38 years). A dilated convolutional neural network combined with a relational network (dilated CNN + RN) was trained to reason the nonlinear relationship between “dilated CNN features of language network” and “clinically acquired language score”. Three‐fold cross‐validation was then used to compare the Pearson correlation and mean absolute error (MAE) between dilated CNN + RN‐predicted and actual language scores. The dilated CNN + RN outperformed other methods providing the most significant correlation between predicted and actual scores (i.e., Pearson's R/p‐value: 1.00/<.001 and .99/<.001 for expressive and receptive language scores, respectively) and yielding MAE: 0.28 and 0.28 for the same scores. The strength of the relationship suggests elevated probability in the prediction of both expressive and receptive language scores (i.e., 1.00 and 1.00, respectively). Specifically, sparse connectivity not only within the right precentral gyrus but also involving the right caudate had the strongest relationship between deficit in both the expressive and receptive language domains. Subsequent subgroup analyses inferred that the effectiveness of the dilated CNN + RN‐based prediction of language score(s) was independent of time interval (between MRI and language assessment) and age of MRI, suggesting that the dilated CNN + RN using psychometry‐driven diffusion tractography connectome may be useful for prediction of the presence of language disorder, and possibly provide a better understanding of the neurological mechanisms of language deficits in young children.
Sex is a defining feature of neuroimaging phenotypes in major brain disorders
Authors: Salminen Lauren E. , Tubi Meral A. , Bright Joanna , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Wieand Alyssa , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSex is a biological variable that contributes to individual variability in brain structure and behavior. Neuroimaging studies of population‐based samples have identified normative differences in brain structure between males and females, many of which are exacerbated in psychiatric and neurological conditions. Still, sex differences in MRI outcomes are understudied, particularly in clinical samples with known sex differences in disease risk, prevalence, and expression of clinical symptoms. Here we review the existing literature on sex differences in adult brain structure in normative samples and in 14 distinct psychiatric and neurological disorders. We discuss commonalities and sources of variance in study designs, analysis procedures, disease subtype effects, and the impact of these factors on MRI interpretation. Lastly, we identify key problems in the neuroimaging literature on sex differences and offer potential recommendations to address current barriers and optimize rigor and reproducibility. In particular, we emphasize the importance of large‐scale neuroimaging initiatives such as the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analyses consortium, the UK Biobank, Human Connectome Project, and others to provide unprecedented power to evaluate sex‐specific phenotypes in major brain diseases.
Temporal variability of regional intrinsic neural activity in drug‐naïve patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Liu Jing , Bu Xuan , Hu Xinyu , Li Hailong , Cao Lingxiao , Gao Yingxue , Liang Kaili , Zhang Lianqing , Lu Lu , Hu Xinyue , Wang Yanlin , Gong Qiyong , Huang Xiaoqi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) displays alterations in regional brain activity represented by the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), but the time‐varying characteristics of this local neural activity remain to be clarified. We aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in a relatively large sample of drug‐naïve OCD patients using univariate and multivariate analyses. We applied a sliding‐window approach to calculate the dynamic ALFF (dALFF) and compared the difference between 73 OCD patients and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs). We also utilized multivariate pattern analysis to determine whether dALFF could differentiate OCD patients from HCs at the individual level. Compared with HCs, OCD patients exhibited increased dALFF mainly within regions of the cortical–striatal–thalamic–cortical (CSTC) circuit, including the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and striatum, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Decreased dALFF was identified in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL), posterior cingulate cortex, insula, fusiform gyrus, and cerebellum. Moreover, we found negative correlations between illness duration and dALFF values in the right IPL and between dALFF values in the left cerebellum and Hamilton Depression Scale scores. Furthermore, dALFF can distinguish OCD patients from HCs with the most discriminative regions located in the IPL, dlPFC, middle occipital gyrus, and cuneus. Taken together, in the current study, we demonstrated a characteristic pattern of higher variability of regional brain activity within the CSTC circuits and lower variability in regions outside the CSTC circuits in drug‐naïve OCD patients.
Prominent response to platinum‐based chemotherapy in a patient with BRCA2 mutant‐neuroendocrine prostate cancer and MDM2 amplification
Authors: Daimon Tatsuaki , Kosaka Takeo , Hongo Hiroshi , Aimono Eriko , Nakamura Kohei , Mikami Shuji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionGenomic profiling provides useful information for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and detection of certain defects, such as DNA repair gene aberrations or microsatellite instability, can possibly lead to optimal treatment, but this testing has not been widely used to inform prostate cancer treatment.Case presentationA 55‐year‐old man sequentially treated for prostate cancer was diagnosed as neuroendocrine prostate cancer from prostate specimens resected because of urinary retention. Subsequently, he received five cycles of platinum‐based chemotherapy in total and responded well. We also performed next‐generation sequencing of a sample from the prostate specimen and identified a breast cancer susceptibility gene mutation with Murine Double Minute 2 amplification and loss of heterozygosity in retinoblastoma 1.ConclusionWe report a neuroendocrine prostate cancer patient with Murine Double Minute 2 amplification who experienced an aggressive course and for whom platinum‐based chemotherapy was effective, and one of the reasons for the good response might be the breast cancer susceptibility gene mutation.
Uncertainty of exchange‐correlation functionals in density functional theory calculations for lithium‐based solid electrolytes on the case study of lithium phosphorus oxynitride
Authors: Henkel Pascal , Mollenhauer Doreen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LIPON) has emerged as a promising solid electrolyte for all‐solid‐state thin‐film lithium batteries. In this context, the use of theoretical modeling to characterize, understand, or screen material properties is becoming increasingly important to complement experimental analysis or elucidate features at atomistic level that are difficult to obtain through experimental studies. Density functional theory (DFT) is the method of choice for quantum mechanical material modeling at the atomistic scale. The current state of the art represents DFT values, such as the formation or migration energies relevant for bulk phase of materials, as absolute numbers. Estimating the accuracy or fluctuation range of the different density functionals is challenging. In order to investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of LIPON by DFT, an approach to describe the fluctuation range caused by the choice of the exchange‐correlation (XC) functional is developed. Three different model systems were chosen to characterize various structural features of amorphous LIPON, which are distinguished by the cross‐linking of the POuN4‐u‐structural units. The uncertainty Ũ is introduced as a parameter describing the fluctuation range of energy values. The uncertainty approach does not determine the accuracy of DFT results, but rather a fluctuation range in the DFT results without the need for a reference value from a higher level of theory or experiment. The uncertainty was determined for both the thermodynamic Li‐vacancy formation energies and the kinetic Li‐vacancy migration energies in LIPON. We assume that the uncertainty approach can be applied to different material systems with different density functionals.
EQA/PT scheme to improve the equivalence of enzymatic results between mutual recognition laboratories in Beijing
Authors: Tong Qing , Zhang Shunli , Zuo Chang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo utilize the external quality assessment (EQA)/proficiency testing (PT) scheme to evaluate the equivalence of different clinical enzymatic measuring systems in Beijing.MethodsThe Beijing Center for Clinical Laboratory (BCCL) distributed three investigation samples to mutual recognition clinical laboratories in Beijing including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These samples were derived from serum pools with values assigned by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) enzymatic reference measurement procedures (RMPs). Each laboratory performed duplicate tests of the samples. Then, the samples at level 1 were used to recalibrate individual measuring systems for repeating the tests. BCCL collected data for evaluation of their analytical quality.ResultsBefore recalibration, the biases of ALT and AST tests were not traceable to the IFCC RMPs, and the bias pass rates of GGT, CK, and LDH tests were only 51.2%, 55.7%, and 48.6% respectively. After recalibration, the pass rates of ALT, AST, GGT, CK, and LDH increased to 95.1%, 82.9%, 95.1%, 97.1%, and 70.0% respectively. The EQA/PT also showed that after recalibration, more than 95% of laboratories met the optimum level specifications of the biological variation for ALT, AST, GGT, and CK tests and the desirable for LDH tests.ConclusionThe enzymatic tests in Beijing need to be further standardized by category 1 or 2 EQA/PT scheme for mutual recognition between clinical laboratories. The criteria of biological variation are more relevant for determining the equivalence of clinical enzymatic tests.
Characterizing engineering work in a changing world: Synthesis of a typology for engineering students' occupational outcomes
Authors: Magarian James N. , Seering Warren P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEngineering education research frequently examines students' persistence (or intentions to persist) into engineering careers from engineering school. However, the variety of engineering‐related occupations has increased substantially in recent years, challenging researchers' abilities to discern what constitutes persistence in engineering.PurposeThis article investigates the question: How can researchers categorize students' occupational outcomes in terms of engineering relatedness in a manner that enables consistency across future studies and that is informed by enduring conceptions of engineering work? We develop an occupational outcomes typology in response to this question.Scope/MethodWe employed systematic literature reviews to substantiate the typology. In total, we reviewed 259 sources published between 1966 and 2016. Review 1 examined sources discussing or debating the presence of unifying occupational attributes across engineering practice. Review 2 examined sources discussing common job functions constituting unifying criteria identified in Review 1. Review 3 examined sources discussing specific work activities associated with functions identified in Review 2. Finally, Review 4 examined job profile data from the year 2017 on 1100 job titles to identify contemporary nonengineering‐titled jobs involving activities similar to activities found in Review 3.ConclusionsEngineering practitioners' possession of design responsibility—their responsibility for products' efficacy and safety through governance of designs (new or existing)—has served as a unifying work attribute over time. We find that the 21st century has given rise to interrelated roles encompassing and surrounding conventional engineering work and propose a typology that categorizes occupations in relation to engineering. The typology offers a responsibility‐based framing of engineering that helps educators illustrate key distinctions among contemporary engineering‐related occupations.
Utilization ofrGO‐PEI‐supportedAgNPsfor sensitive recognition of deltamethrin in human plasma samples: A new platform for the biomedical analysis of pesticides in human biofluids
Authors: Adel Bashir , Jafari Mohsen , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the rGO‐PEI‐AgNPs sensor was designed as a new effective platform to sensitive monitoring of deltamethrin in human plasma samples. For this purpose, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐supported polyethylenimine (PEI) was used as a suitable substrate for dispersion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as amplification and catalytic element. Therefore, a novel interface (rGO‐PEI‐AgNPs) was prepared by the fully electrochemical method on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes. The engineered nano‐sensor showed a wide dynamic range of 10 nM to 1 mM and low limit of quantification (LLOQ) as 10 nM in human plasma sample, which revealed excellent analytical performance for the recognition of deltamethrin with high sensitivity and reproducibility through differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. The results confirm that rGO‐PEI‐AgNPs as a novel biocompatible interface can provide appropriate, reliable, affordable, rapid, and user‐friendly diagnostic tools in the detection of deltamethrin in human real samples.