bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Optic Disc in Leber Congenital Amaurosis
Authors: J Sullivan Timothy , Lambert Scott R , Buncic J Raymond , Musarella Maria A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The typical fundus appearance in Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) in infancy is normal. Later in childhood, clinical heterogeneity develops and a variety of fundal abnormalities may be seen. These commonly include optic atrophy, retinal arteriolar attenuation, and a variety of pigmentary changes. We retrospectively reviewed the optic disc findings of 77 patients with LCA whom we had examined to confirm our clinical impression that the optic discs are frequently normal. Age at examination ranged from infancy to the fourth decade. The optic discs were normal in 53 (69%) of the 77 patients examined; 18 (23%) had varying degrees of optic atrophy; 2 (3%), pseudopapilledema; and 1 (1%), grey discs. The optic discs could not be seen in 3 (4%) patients. We conclude that the optic discs are frequently normal in appearance, even in older patients with LCA.
Is the Phakic Eye Normal in Monocular Pediatric Aphakia?
Authors: Summers C Gail , Letson Robert D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This retrospective review of 97 pediatrie patients who underwent monocular surgery for congenital or developmental cataracts studied the incidence of abnormafities in the contralateral phakic eye. Fifty-nine percent of patients had a normal phakic eye. However, 40 patients showed at least one abnormality in the phakic eye: reduced vision (21%), nystagmus (19%), cataract (15%), tris heterochromia (9%), myopia (6%), microphthalmos (6%), pupillary miosis (2%), congenital glaucoma (2%), optic nerve abnormality (2%), aniridia (1%), and cornea! opacity (1%). Not all abnormalities were detected at the time of diagnosis of the contralateral cataract. The more significant findings of reduced vision and nystagmus in the phakic eye were usually detected postoperatively, often several months after the optimum time for treatment of pediatrie cataracts. We suggest that monocular cataract surgery not be delayed. This will allow the best vision to be obtained for the aphakic eye, as the "sound eye" may not always be normal in monocular pediatrie aphakia.
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Overcorrection After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Portellinha Waldir , Nakano Kozo , Oliveira Marivaldo , Simocelli Rosangela 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for induced hyperopia after radial keratotomy.
METHODS: Twenty eyes had LASEK for induced hyperopia after radial keratotomy. All eyes were treated using the Nidek excimer laser (EC-5000) and the Hansatome microkeratome with a 905-mm ring and 180-mm plate. Hyperopic correction was done using a 5.5 to 7.5-mm ablation zone.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was +3.44 ± 1.25 D (range, +0.88 to +6.00 D). Postoperatively, all eyes achieved a reduction in hyperopia. At follow-up (range, ß to 24 mo), mean refraction was -0.66 ± 1.00 D (range, -2.25 to +1.50 D). At the last examination, 11 eyes (55%) were within ±0.50 D, 16 eyes (80%) were within ±1.00 D, and 19 eyes (95%) were within ±2.00 D of emmetropia. In terms of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, 10 eyes (50%) saw 20/20 or better, 16 eyes (80%) saw 20/25 or better, and 18 eyes (90%) saw 20/40 or better. Regarding loss and gain of visual acuity lines, 11 eyes (55%) lost no lines, 2 eyes (10%) lost more than 2 lines, 1 eye (5%) lost 2 lines, 3 eyes (15%) lost 1 line, 1 eye (5%) gained 1 line, and 2 eyes (10%) gained 2 lines of visual acuity. Keratometric power increased from a preoperative mean of 37.32 ± 2.44 D (range, 33.80 to 43.13 D) to a postoperative mean of 39.64 ± 1.81 D (range, 37.42 to 43.74 D). Complications included 4 eyes with incisions that opened without any risk to the patient and in 2 eyes, epithelium ingrowth occurred in the interface.
CONCLUSION: LASBK for induced hyperopia after radial keratotomy is safe and effective, without vision-threatening complications. [J Refract Surg 2000;16(suppl):S253-S256]
Decreased Tear Secretion After Laser in situ Keratomileusis for High Myopia
Authors: Aras Cengiz , Ozdamar Akif , Bahcecioglu Halil , Karacorlu Murat , Sener Bozkurt , Ozkan Sehirbay 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in tear secretion and tear film stability after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia.
METHODS: One eye of 28 patients underwent unilateral LASIK for the correction of myopia with spherical equivalent refractions ranging from -6.37 to -18.25 D (mean, -11.98 ± 3.45 D). Schirmer tear test values without anesthesia at 5 minutes and tear break-up time values were measured 4 weeks after LASIK. Unoperated contralateral eyes were used as a control for each patient. The Schirmer tear test and tear break-up time values were analyzed statistically using the independent f-test.
RESULTS: The mean Schirmer tear test value was 16.17 ± 2.50 mm in the operated eyes and 21.07 ± 7.03 mm in the unoperated (control) eyes of the same patients (P - .001). The mean tear break-up time value was 21.0 ± 3.55 seconds in the operated eyes and 21.27 ± 6.79 seconds in the control eyes (P = .85).
CONCLUSION: Tear secretion decreased following LASIK probably due to decrease in corneal sensitivity, but tear film stability appeared unaltered. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:362-364]
Clinical Experience With the Tscherning Aberrometer
Authors: Kaemmerer Maik , Mrochen Michael , Mierdel Peter , Krinke Hans-Eberhard , Seiler Theo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: With the aberrometer based on Tscherning's principle, measurements of wavefront aberrations of human eyes with high accuracy and reproducibility are available for standard diagnostic investigations.
METHODS: During investigational and clinical trials, wavefront-aberrations of about 300 human eyes were measured and evaluated within the last few years.
RESULTS: measurements are presented in terms of Zernike coefficients and as height maps that can be converted directly to ablation profiles for wavefront-guided laser treatments.
CONCLUSION: The Tscherning aberrometer is a simple optical device with high accuracy appropriate for routine clinical investigations on optical aberrations of the human eye. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:S584-S5871
Oxygenation and Vasodilatation in Relation to Diabetic and Other Proliferative Retinopathies
Authors: Stefansson Einar , Landers Maurice B , Wolbarsht Myron L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The features of proliferative retinopathies are reviewed with reference to the vasodilatation that is a common stage in their pathogenesis. Vasodilatation in the retina is discussed in terms of a model in which vessel wall stretch in the retinal venules leads to leakage and proliferation. The beneficial effects of treatments such as panretinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy on the retinal hemodynamics are shown to agree with the hypothetical model.
A Neodymium-YAG Endolaser
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Conway Mandi D , Ganti Shashi , Viherkoski Esa 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We used a CW-YAG endolaser to photocoagulate the fundus of the rabbit and monkey. We varied the power settings, exposure durations, and probe-retina distances to establish the parameters for threshold and bursting (choroidal hemorrhage)lesions. We found that the amount of energy needed to create a retinal lesion increased proportionally with the distance between the probe and the retina. To produce a choroidal hemorrhage at a given distance required at least four times the power required for a threshold coagulative lesion at the same distance. We also found that we could achieve a strong choroidal reaction without hemorrhage by using the coagulative threshold parameters of power and distance with an increased exposure time. Photocoagulation of the retina using the CW-YAG depended on the presence of melanin.
Neovascular Glaucoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Treatment With Peripheral Panretinal Cryotherapy
Authors: Brodell Linda P , Olk R Joseph , Arribas Neva P , Okun Edward , Johnston Glen P , Boniuk Isaac , Escoffery Richard F , Grand M Gilbert , Burgess Dean B , Schoch Lawrence H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A retrospective analysis of thirty-one eyes in thirty patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or venous occlusive disease was performed. Eyes treated with transconjunctival peripheral panretinal cryotherapy alone, or in combination with limited cyclocryotherapy had improvement or stabilization of visual acuity in 55%, reduction of intraocular pressure in 55%, and stabilization or regression of iris neovascularization in 70% of eyes at 12-14 months post-treatment. Transconjunctival peripheral panretinal cryotherapy alone, or in combination with limited cyclocryotherapy is recommended in the treatment of eyes with NVG and media opacities precluding photocoagulation therapy, or in eyes unresponsive to previous photocoagulation therapy.
Microsurgical Treatment of Lens Capsule Perforations - Part II: Clinical Applications and Results
Authors: Buschmann W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A microsurgical technique using human fibrinogen concentrate for the closure of anterior lens capsule wounds and through-and-through perforations was developed, experimentally tested and clinically applied. I consider here the first consecutive 31 patients treated. All these patients had perforating injuries of the lens and still localized lens damage; they showed no spontaneous healing tendencies.
Successful treatment of lens capsule wounds, where an otherwise clear lens is locally scarred, has been rare. The technique described here was effective in more than 50% of the patients with anterior lens capsule lesions. Removal of degenerated lens cortex matter before fibrinogen application further improved the healing rate. The healing rate was low, however, in through-and-through perforations of the lens when the posterior lesion was not treated at all (of 11 cases, 1 success, 10 traumatic cataracts). It was not much better when the posterior lesion was approached via a basal iridectomy and around the lens equator (of 4 cases, 1 success). But translental fibrinogen application, following the foreign body pathway, together with removal of degenerated cortex matter from the anterior and posterior capsule lesion area, resulted in the prevention of traumatic cataract in all 4 patients treated so far. There were no undesirable local or systemic side-reactions. (Intraocular complications could be avoided by not exceeding the recommended amount of fibrinogen concentrate, 0.01-0.02 ml).
The case histories of 3 patients are shown in three photographs.
Visual Distortion After Myopic Keratomileusis: Computer Analysis of Keratoscope Photographs
Authors: Maguire Leo J , Klyce Stephen D , Sawelson Harold , McDonald Marguerite B , Kaufman Herbert E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A patient experienced marked visual distortion following myopic keratomileusis, despite the presence of a clear graft and an apparently smooth corneal surface. A color coded topographic map of corneal surface power generated by computer analysis of a keratoscope photograph of the operated eye identified a degree of irregular astigmatism and asphericity not readily apparent from simple visual inspection of the keratoscope photograph. Contour map graphics display of corneal surface power is a useful clinical tool in the evaluation of visual distortion complications following myopic keratomileusis.
The Wedge Punctoplasty for Treatment of Punctal Stenosis
Authors: Edelstein Jeffrey , Reiss George 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a new instrument, the Reiss punctal punch, which is specifically designed to perform a "wedge" punctoplasty. The Reiss punctal punch was used alone to treat three eyelids of three patients, and in conjunction with horizontal tightening of the eyelid to treat 35 eyelids of 18 patients with symptomatic epiphora related to punctal ectropion with secondary punctal stenosis. After a mean follow up of 12 months, 36/38 (95%) of the eyelids demonstrated a patent punctum, and symptomatic relief was achieved in 35/38 (92%) of the eyes.
Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation: Anterior Chamber vs Posterior Chamber Lenses
Authors: Lyle W Andrew , Jin Jia-Chi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively studied 348 cases of secondary lens implantation, comparing data obtained from 234 eyes that received anterior chamber intraocular lenses (AC-IOLs) with 114 that received posterior chamber lenses (PC-IOLs), with a mean follow up of 19.5 months (range, 2 to 77 months). Visual acuity was similar in these two groups both before (P = .278) and after surgery (P = .771). Overall, 83% of the eyes had a postoperative acuity of 20/40 or better. In the eyes without preexisting pathology, 93% of those with AC-IOLs and 91% of those with PC-IOLs had this level of postoperative acuity. The incidence of complications in these two groups did not differ significantly. Our study suggests that one-piece flexible open-loop AC-IOLs pose no greater threat than PC-IOLs with respect to visual outcome in secondary implantation. Careful preoperative evaluation of the cornea, retina, and vitreous face will allow selection of the optimum lens style.
Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Management of Glaucoma With Combined Trabeculotomy-Trabeculectomy
Authors: Agarwal H C , Sandramouli S , Sihota Ramanjit , Sood N N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the records of 16 patients (19 eyes) with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). Scleral pigmentation was present in 12 (63.2%) of these eyes; nevus of Ota in two (10.6%). Combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy was performed in 18 eyes. After a mean follow up of 42 months (range, 1 to 8 years), intraocular pressure was controlled (=≤ 22 mm Hg) in 11 eyes (61.1%), and visual acuity was better than 6/60 in eight. Intraoperative hyphema occurred in four eyes (22.2%); vitreous loss in three (16.7%). Postoperative choroidal detachment occurred in three eyes (16.7%); vitreous hemorrhage in one (5.6%). In all of the cases of repeat surgery (three eyes), postoperative subconjunctival injections of 5-fluorouracil resulted in a diffuse filtering bleb. We conclude that combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy is a promising treatment for patients with SWS with glaucoma.
The Application of the Macular Photocoagulation Study Eligibility Criteria for Laser Treatment in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Gelfand Yuval A , Linn Shai , Miller Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application of the Macular Photocoagulation Study eligibility criteria for laser photocoagulation of choroidal neovascularization, in view of the expansion of these criteria in recent years.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors prospectively analyzed 50 eyes of 47 consecutive patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to determine their suitability for treatment.
* RESULTS: Fifteen eyes (30%) were found to be suitable for laser photocoagulation. Patients eligible for treatment were more likely to have experienced visual symptoms for a month or less (P = .006), to have a visual acuity of 20/200 or better (P =.009), and to be younger in age (P= .02). Visual symptoms experienced for a month or less were more prevalent in extrafoveal exudative lesions compared with the subfoveal type (P=.01)
* CONCLUSIONS: Despite recent advances, laser photocoagulation still can be applied only to a minority of the patients with neovascular AMD. Prompt ocular examination following the onset of visual symptoms is essential.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:823-827.]
Photodynamic Therapy of the Ciliary Body With Tin Ethyl Etiopurpurin and Tin Octaethyl Benzochlorin in Pigmented Rabbits
Authors: Hill Richard A , Crean David H , Doiron Daniel R , Ghosheh Faris , Ryan Julie A , Kelly Heath , Booth Michael , Liaw Lih-Huei , Newman Laurie , Berns Michael W 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The authors used a pigmented rabbit model to investigate two photosensitizers, tin ethyl etiopurpurin (SnET2) and tin octaethyl benzochlorin (BNZ 203), to determine their potential for creating ciliary body injuries during photodynamic therapy (PDT).
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biodistrib ution of SnET2 (n = 10) and BNZ 203 (n = 9) was studied by fluorescence microscopy using a low light detection system, based on charged-coupled device photography, with digital image processing at 1 and 24 hours after injection. PDT with SnET2 (n = 8; 664 ± 7-nm light; 75 mW/cm2; 50 or 100 J/cm2; 1-mm spot size) and BNZ 203 (n = 6; 689 nm; 75 mW/cm2; 50 or 100 J/cm2; 1-mm spot size) was performed at 24 hours post-injection. The control subjects for SnET2 (n = 5) and BNZ 203 (n = 3) were given a maximal light dose (100 J/cm2).
* RESULTS: Both photosensitizers demonstrated an intravascular distribution at 1 hour that shifted to a ciliary body distribution at 24 hours (SnET2 much greater than BNZ 203). In addition, the SnET2 demonstrated suborgan localization to the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium. Both photosensitizing agents were able to produce selective injury to the rabbit ciliary body (SnET2 much greater than BNZ 203), with evidence of a small component of thermal damage (SnET2 greater than BNZ 203).
* CONCLUSIONS: PDT with SnET2 or BNZ 203 can produce selective injury to the pigmented rabbit ciliary body. The nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium exhibits selective retention of SnET2. This finding warrants further investigation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:948-953.]
Optical Coherence Tomographie Findings of Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Otsuji Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Kanji , Fukushima Ichiro , Uyama Masanobu 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the histological level of abnormal vessels associated with idiopathic polypoídal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV), we examined IPCV with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients diagnosed with IPCV were examined with Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography and OCT.
* RESULTS: ICG angiography demonstrated branching vascular networks with polypoidal dilatations at the terminals beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). OCT showed dome-like elevation of the RPE, and moderate reflex or nodular appearance were seen beneath the RPE.
* CONCLUSION: The abnormal vessel associated with IPCV is supposed to be choroidal neovascularization with polypoidal dilatations at the terminals between Bruchs membrane and RPE. We consider that this disease is a peculiar form of age-related macular degeneration.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:210-214]
Visual Improvement After Removal of Submacular Exudates in Patients with Diabetic Maculopathy
Authors: Sakuraba Tomoki , Suzuki Yukihiko , Mizutani Hideyuki , Nakazawa Mitsuru 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To improve the central visual function of eyes afFected by massive hard exudates in cases of diabetic maculopathy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six eyes of 4 patients with diabetic maculopathy were treated by pars plana vitrectomy for massive retinal exudates persisting for more than 3 months. The massive hard exudates were removed from the subretinal space with subretinal forceps. We evaluated the visual acuity of these eyes 6 months after surgery.
* RESULTS: Following the removal of the hard exudates, visual acuity improved in all eyes. Massive hard exudates were mainly located in the subretinal space and were removable using subretinal forceps. No serious postoperative complications occurred. The removed tissues consisted of macrophages laden with many cholestrin crystals and lipid droplets, as well as fibrous tissues.
* CONCLUSION: We concluded that central visual function can be improved by removing subretinal exudates surgically.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:287-291]
Low-Dose Intraoperative Mitomycin-C Versus Conjunctival Autograft in Primary Pterygium Surgery: Long Term Follow-Up
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Gupta Amit , Ram Jagat , Gupta Amod 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the long term safety and efficacy of low-dose intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (0.02%) with conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 37 consecutive patients 41 eyes with primary pterygium underwent pterygium excision with either intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) (Group I) or conjunctival autografts (Group II) at random. Mitomycin-C (0.2 mg/mL) was applied for 2.5 minutes on the scleral bed under the conjunctiva. Conjunctival autograft was obtained from upper temporal limbus and secured with 10-0 monofilament nylon. The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 54 months (mean 36 months) for mitomycin-C group and 13 to 58 months (mean 38 months) for conjunctival autograft group.
* RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes underwent pterygium excision with intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) application (Group I) and 20 eyes were treated using conjunctival autograft (Group II). The mean size of the pterygium was 3.80 mm (range 2.6 to 4.8 mm) in the mitomycin-C group and 3.60 mm (range 2.5 to 4.5 mm) in the conjunctival autograft group. Two (9.52%) eyes treated with intraoperative mitomycin-C had delayed epithelial healing of corneoscleral wound and one (4.76%) eye developed pyogenic granuloma. Three (14.3%) of the 21 eyes in Group I and one (5%) of 20 eyes in Group II had recurrence of pterygium (P = 0.3174). All recurrences occurred in patients below 40 years of age (P= 0.0384).
* CONCLUSION: We conclude that conjunctival autograft and intraoperative mitomycin-C are both equally effective adjuncts to primary pterygium surgery on long term follow-up. However, future prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects may be carried out to find out the optimum concentration and duration of intraoperative mitomycin-C application.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:301-307]
Fractal Dimension Analysis of OCTA Images of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Circular Mass-Radius Method
Authors: Hashmi Shariq , Lopez Jennifer , Chiu Bing , Sarrafpour Soshian , Gupta Akash , Young Joshua 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To quantify fractal dimension (FD) by mass-radius method in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and characterize microvascular differences in eyes with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study was conducted using OCTA images of 3 mm × 3 mm and 6 mm × 6 mm scans for superficial and deep capillary plexuses from 49 control eyes and 58 eyes with DR.

RESULTS:

Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the FD of control and diabetic eyes in deep plexus scans, and the 3 mm × 3 mm superficial plexus scan (
P
< .05). In the 3 mm × 3 mm superficial plexus, the FD of severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR) were significantly lower compared to control. The scans of the deep plexus showed only severe NPDR was significantly reduced in the 6 mm × 6 mm scan, whereas moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and PDR were significantly lower in the 3 mm × 3 mm scan.

CONCLUSION:
The study suggests the use of FD as a measure of microvascular dropout in DR.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:116–122.]