bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical methods and software used in nutrition and dietetics research: A review of the published literature using text mining
Authors: Coenen Alison , Batterham Marijka J. , Beck Eleanor J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimDietitians must be statistically literate to effectively interpret the scientific literature underpinning the discipline. Despite this, no study has been conducted that objectively identifies common statistical methods and packages specific to current nutrition and dietetics literature. This study aimed to identify statistical methods and software frequently used in nutrition and dietetics research.MethodsA text mining approach using the bag‐of‐words method was applied to a random sample of articles obtained from all journals in the ‘Nutrition and Dietetics’ subject category within the SCImago Journal and Country Rank portal and published in 2018. A list of 229 statistical terms and 19 statistical software packages was developed to define the search terms to be mined. Statistical information from the methods section of included articles was extracted into Microsoft Excel (2016) for data cleaning. Statistical analyses were conducted in R (Version 3.6.0) and Microsoft Excel (2016).ResultsSeven hundred and fifty‐seven journal articles were included. Numerical descriptive statistics were the most common statistical method group, appearing in 83.2% of articles (n = 630). This was followed by specific hypothesis tests (68.8%, n = 521), general hypothesis concepts (58.4%, n = 442), regression (44.4%, n = 336), and ANOVA (30.8%, n = 233). IBM SPSS statistics was the most common statistical software package, reported in 41.7% of included articles.ConclusionThese findings provide useful information for educators to evaluate current statistics curricula and develop short courses for continuing education. They may also act as a starting point for dietitians to educate themselves on typical statistical methods they may encounter.
Identification of a self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134 involved in 2‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid catabolism, via homogentisate pathway
Authors: Donoso Raúl A. , Ruiz Daniela , Gárate‐Castro Carla , Villegas Pamela , González‐Pastor José Eduardo , de Lorenzo Víctor , González Bernardo , Pérez‐Pantoja Danilo 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 RhF and its homologues belonging to the CYP116B subfamily have attracted considerable attention due to the potential for biotechnological applications based in their ability to catalyse an array of challenging oxidative reactions without requiring additional protein partners. In this work, we showed for the first time that a CYP116B self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 encoded by the ohpA gene harboured by Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134, a β‐proteobacterium model for biodegradative pathways, catalyses the conversion of 2‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2‐HPA) into homogentisate. Mutational analysis and HPLC metabolite detection in strain JMP134 showed that 2‐HPA is degraded through the well‐known homogentisate pathway requiring a 2‐HPA 5‐hydroxylase activity provided by OhpA, which was additionally supported by heterologous expression and enzyme assays. The ohpA gene belongs to an operon including also ohpT, coding for a substrate‐binding subunit of a putative transporter, whose expression is driven by an inducible promoter responsive to 2‐HPA in presence of a predicted OhpR transcriptional regulator. OhpA homologues can be found in several genera belonging to Actinobacteria and α‐, β‐ and γ‐proteobacteria lineages indicating a widespread distribution of 2‐HPA catabolism via homogentisate route. These results provide first time evidence for the natural function of members of the CYP116B self‐sufficient oxygenases and represent a significant input to support novel kinetic and structural studies to develop cytochrome P450‐based biocatalytic processes.
Size does matter: An exploration of the relationship between licensed venue capacity and on‐premise assaults
Authors: Miller Peter , Curtis Ashlee , Millsteed Melanie , Harries Travis , Nepal Smriti , Walker Samantha , Chikritzhs Tanya , Coomber Kerri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsVenue capacity has been proposed as a factor associated with increased number of violent incidents on‐premises, though no specific research has demonstrated this association, and instead has tended to focus on the relationship between crowding and aggression. The aim of current paper is to investigate the association between venue capacity and the number of violent incidents on‐premises.MethodsVenue capacity data (the maximum capacity listed on the liquor license) were obtained for all venues in central Melbourne from 2010 until 2016. These data were then matched with police‐recorded on‐premises assaults that occurred within high‐alcohol hours (Friday and Saturday 8 pm–6 am) inside the venue.ResultsAnalyses were conducted on 5729 venue‐years (yearly assault counts per venue, per year) across central Melbourne. Compared with venues that have a maximum capacity of between 0 and 100 patrons, venues with higher capacities have increasingly more recorded assaults. Venues with maximum capacities between 501 and 1000 are 6.1 times more likely to have an assault recorded compared with venues with a maximum capacity between 0 and 100. Further, each additional high‐alcohol hour that a venue can be open for is associated with a 72% increase in the number of recorded assaults.ConclusionsGreater venue capacity was found to be strongly associated with an increased risk of violent incidents for any given venue. This was further exacerbated by late‐night trading which substantially adds to the risk of assaults inside the venue.
Cutaneous and systemic hyperinflammation drives maculopapular drug exanthema in severely ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Mitamura Yasutaka , Schulz Daniel , Oro Saskia , Li Nick , Kolm Isabel , Lang Claudia , Ziadlou Reihane , Tan Ge , Bodenmiller Bernd , Steiger Peter , Marzano Angelo , de Prost Nicolas , Caudin Olivier , Levesque Mitchell , Stoffel Corinne , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Maverakis Emanual , Akdis Cezmi A. , Brüggen Marie‐Charlotte 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated with cutaneous findings, some being the result of drug hypersensitivity reactions such as maculopapular drug rashes (MDR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether COVID‐19 may impact the development of the MDR.MethodsBlood and skin samples from COVID‐19 patients (based on a positive nasopharyngeal PCR) suffering from MDR (COVID‐MDR), healthy controls, non‐COVID‐19—related patients with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and MDR were analyzed. We utilized imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to characterize the cellular infiltrate in skin biopsies. Furthermore, RNA sequencing transcriptome of skin biopsy samples and high‐throughput multiplexed proteomic profiling of serum were performed.ResultsIMC revealed by clustering analyses a more prominent, phenotypically shifted cytotoxic CD8+T cell population and highly activated monocyte/macrophage (Mo/Mac) clusters in COVID‐MDR. The RNA sequencing transcriptome demonstrated a more robust cytotoxic response in COVID‐MDR skin. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was not detected in skin biopsies at the time point of MDR diagnosis. Serum proteomic profiling of COVID‐MDR patients revealed upregulation of various inflammatory mediators (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, TNF, and IFN‐γ), eosinophil and Mo/Mac ‐attracting chemokines (MCP‐2, MCP‐3, MCP‐4 and CCL11).Proteomics analyses demonstrated a massive systemic cytokine storm in COVID‐MDR compared with the relatively milder cytokine storm observed in DRESS, while MDR did not exhibit such features.ConclusionA systemic cytokine storm may promote activation of Mo/Mac and cytotoxic CD8+T cells in severe COVID‐19 patients, which in turn may impact the development of MDR.
Airway events in obese vs. non‐obese elective surgical patients: a cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Shaw M. , Waiting J. , Barraclough L. , Ting K. , Jeans J. , Black B. ,   the Pan‐London Peri‐operative Audit and Research Network
Published: June 2021

SummaryObesity is an increasingly prevalent comorbidity within the UK population. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of obese patients in an elective surgical population. The second aim was to determine the choice of airway equipment and incidence of airway events in obese vs. non‐obese patients. We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study over two 24‐h periods in March 2018 across 39 hospitals in the greater London area. Data were collected regarding 1874 patients. The incidence of obesity was 32% in the study population compared with 26% in the general UK population (p < 0.0001). Minor airway events were defined as: desaturation to SpO2 < 90%; failed mask ventilation; supraglottic airway device problem; aspiration; airway trauma and difficult intubation; or recognised oesophageal intubation. Major airway events were defined as: unrecognised oesophageal intubation; a ‘cannot intubate cannot oxygenate’ emergency; the need for unplanned front‐of‐neck airway; cardiac arrest; or unplanned intensive care unit admission due to an airway event. In total, 89 minor and two major airway events were recorded. Obese patients were more likely to experience a minor airway event (RR 2.39, 95%CI 1.60–3.57), the most common being desaturation (SpO2 < 90%). The use of a supraglottic airway device in obese vs. non‐obese patients was associated with increased airway events (RR 3.46 [1.88–6.40]). Tracheal intubation vs. supraglottic airway device use increased with obesity class but was not associated with a decrease in airway events (RR 0.90 [0.53–1.55]). Our data suggest that obesity is more common in the elective surgical vs. general population and minor airway events are more common in obese vs. non‐obese elective patients.
Spaces of Social Recomposition: Resisting Meaningful Work in Social Cooperatives in Italy
Authors: Castellini Valentina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWorkers’ experiences in Italian social cooperatives expose the tension between the goal of desirable change that these social economy organisations pursue and the demanding working conditions shouldered by staff. Born from the radical movements of the 1970s, social cooperatives deliver care and community services that seek to counter inequalities and marginalisation. This important work fuses employment with activism. Yet, cooperatives often rely on casualised labour practices that normalise overwork. A noble mission does not guarantee cooperatives will also be sustainable work environments. Based on extensive qualitative research conducted in Milan, this paper explores how, since 2013, a collective of social economy workers has been mobilising to challenge poor working conditions, query the ways workers participate in them, and connect labour demands with broader struggles against austerity and impoverishment. These organising efforts pursue social recomposition: a form of labour struggle that exceeds the workplace and embraces the sphere of social reproduction. Combining a workerist framework of class composition with feminist insights, this paper invites attention to the ways workers inhabit and struggle within, against and beyond their work.
Offspring birthweight and placental weight—does the type of maternal diabetes matter? A population‐based study of 319 076 pregnancies
Authors: Strøm‐Roum Ellen M. , Jukic Anne M. , Eskild Anne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to estimate the difference in birthweight and in placental weight in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes compared with pregnancies without diabetes.Material and methodsBy using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the years 2009–2017, we included 319 076 singleton pregnancies with delivery after the 21st week of pregnancy. We used linear regression analyses to estimate the difference in birthweight and in placental weight in grams (g) in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, using pregnancies without diabetes as the reference. Adjustments were made for pregnancy duration and pre‐pregnancy body mass index.ResultsIn pregnancies without diabetes, mean crude birthweight was 3527 g (SD 552 g). The adjusted mean birthweight was 525 g (95% CI 502–548 g) higher in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes compared with pregnancies without diabetes. In pregnancies with type 2 diabetes, and pregnancies with gestational diabetes, birthweights were 192 g (95% CI 160–223 g) and 102 g (95% CI 93–110 g) higher, respectively. Mean crude placental weight was 664 g (SD 147 g) in pregnancies without diabetes. Compared with pregnancies without diabetes, the adjusted mean placental weight was 109 g (95% CI 101–116 g) higher in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes, 50 g (95% CI 39–60 g) higher in pregnancies with type 2 diabetes, and 31 g (95% CI 28–34 g) higher in pregnancies with gestational diabetes.ConclusionsThe increase in birthweight and in placental weight associated with maternal diabetes was most pronounced for type 1 diabetes, followed by type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt‐1): A novel biochemical marker for acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Authors: Trottmann Fabienne , Raio Luigi , Amylidi‐Mohr Sofia , Mosimann Beatrice , Jarquin Campos Araceli , Messerli Franz H. , Risch Lorenz , Baumann Marc U. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAcute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) substantially contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Other liver‐associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia‐associated HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet) syndrome may be difficult to differentiate from AFLP as these diseases overlap with regard to multiple clinical and laboratory features. The aim of this study was to investigate angiogenic profiles by measuring soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in pregnancies compromised by AFLP and to compare them with those complicated by HELLP syndrome.Material and methodsPregnant women affected by AFLP or HELLP syndrome were enrolled. The study population of women with HELLP syndrome was part of a larger data collection obtained in our clinic that has been used for previous work. Patients’ angiogenic profiles were assessed by measuring sFlt‐1 and PlGF serum levels. To assess the diagnostic potential of these angiogenic markers in AFLP, as well as discriminating it from HELLP syndrome, non‐parametric tests were used and receiver operating curves were calculated.ResultsSix women with AFLP and 48 women with HELLP syndrome were included in the study. Patients with AFLP showed significantly higher sFlt‐1 levels (median: 57 570 pg/mL; range 31 609–147 170 pg/mL) than patients with HELLP syndrome (9713 pg/mL; 1348–30 781 pg/mL; p < 0.001). PlGF serum levels were higher in patients with AFLP compared with those with HELLP syndrome (197 pg/mL; 127–487 pg/mL vs. 40 pg/mL; 9–644 pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.01). sFlt‐1/PlGF ratios were not significantly different between AFLP and HELLP syndrome patients (192; 157–1159 vs. 232; 3–948, respectively; NS). In our study population, an sFlt‐1 cut‐off value of 31 100 pg/mL allowed differentiation between these two diseases with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. A linear correlation was found between the cumulative numbers of Swansea criteria and sFlt‐1 serum levels (r = 0.97; p < 0.01).ConclusionsAFLP is associated with very high sFlt‐1 serum levels in particular in women fulfilling eight or more Swansea criteria. Besides the suggested Swansea criteria to diagnose AFLP, an sFlt‐1 value above 31 100 pg/mL may be an additional biochemical feature improving discrimination between AFLP and HELLP syndrome. However, because of the small number of pregnancies affected by AFLP included in this work further studies are needed to corroborate our findings.
The CredibleMeds® list: Usage of QT interval prolonging drugs in Germany and discordances with prescribing information
Authors: Then Melanie I. , Andrikyan Wahram , Maas Renke , Fromm Martin F. 
Published: June 2021

AimsA substantial number of Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs)/Prescribing Information (PI) have warnings or contraindications on QT interval prolongation. The goal of this work was to quantify usage of QT interval prolonging drugs according to the CredibleMeds® database of the German outpatient drug prescription market and to evaluate discrepancies between German SmPCs/US PI and CredibleMeds®.MethodsDrugs listed on CredibleMeds® with known, possible or conditional risk for torsade de pointes were evaluated from 2000 to 2020. The German drug prescription report was used as source for defined daily dose‐ (DDD‐) based prescriptions of the German outpatient drug prescription market of the public health insurance system. German SmPCs and US PI of 253 CredibleMeds®‐listed drugs were evaluated for contents regarding QT interval prolongation.ResultsOf the drugs currently listed on CredibleMeds®, 59.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53.5–65.5%) were listed after 2012. Due to newly listed drugs, the proportion of DDDs of CredibleMeds® drugs among all prescriptions increased from 4.6% in 2013 to 21.1% in 2019. DDD‐based usage of the CredibleMeds® drugs already listed in 2013 was similar in 2019. Among the drugs with known QT risk according to CredibleMeds®, 7.5% (95% CI 2.6–19.9%) of German SmPCs and 21.1% (95% CI 11.1–36.3%) of US PI had no mention of QT issues whatsoever.ConclusionA significant proportion of all drugs prescribed in the outpatient sector is associated with QT risks according to CredibleMeds®. SmPCs and PI should systematically be evaluated for concordance with the widely used CredibleMeds® database to increase medication safety.
Professional perspectives on applying the NICE and British Psychological Society Guidelines for the management of Behaviours that Challenge in dementia care: an e‐survey
Authors: Gray Kristina Lily , Moniz‐Cook Esme , Reichelt Katharina , Duffy Frances , James Ian Andrew 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesBehaviours that challenge (BtC) reflect the most costly and burdensome aspects of dementia where non‐pharmacological interventions rather than antipsychotic medication have been recommended as first‐line approaches for over a decade (NICE 2006). This paper outlines professionals’ views about their application of the Dementia NICE Guideline 97 (2018) and a British Psychological Society, Division of Clinical Psychology (BPS‐DCP) Briefing paper (2013) on alternatives to antipsychotics.MethodsA mixed‐methods 34‐item e‐survey, with five items about the use of the NICE Guideline 97 (2018) and the BPS‐DCP Briefing paper (2013) for the management of BtC, was conducted. Participants were recruited through multidisciplinary professional dementia networks across the United Kingdom. Quantitative data were descriptively summarized and thematic analysis of open‐ended questions undertaken.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐seven participants completed the questions relating to guidelines. Mean ratings of ‘moderately useful’ for both the NICE and BPS‐DCP guidance were obtained across professions and geographical locations, with the exception of psychiatrists who rated the NICE guidance as ‘slightly useful’. The qualitative themes identified were a mix of positive and cautionary perspectives, relating to ‘evidence base’, the ‘accessibility of the guides’, ‘problems with implementation’, and ‘lack of detail and clarity’.ConclusionProfessionals were cautiously positive regarding the guidance for BtC management, but highlighted a need for improved clarity about the use of non‐pharmacological approaches, and more specificity about how these can be implemented in clinical settings. Tailored ‘setting‐specific’ toolkits are required to update and refine the BPS‐DCP (2013) if the aspirations of the NICE Dementia Guideline 97 (2018) are to inform professional practice.Practitioner Points

Owing to major concerns about the problematic side effects of using psychotropics in the treatment of behaviours that challenge (BtC), there is a need for national guidance on the use on non‐drug alternatives.

The NICE (2018) guidance was seen by participants as accessible and clear but lacking in detail in the use of non‐pharmacological interventions, which are the first‐line treatments for BtC.

The BPS Guidelines on ‘Alternatives to antipsychotics’ (2013) were seen as having good structured advice for allocating non‐pharmacological resources but were lacking in flexibility for meeting individual needs or what might be an acceptable fit for clinical services.

The findings suggest that we need to develop UK‐wide bespoke specific advice for practitioners and services for both the use and the delivery of non‐pharmacological evidence‐based interventions for BtC.
Two cases of DCDC2‐related neonatal sclerosing cholangitis with developmental delay and literature review
Authors: Syryn Hannes , Hoorens Anne , Grammatikopoulos Tassos , Deheragoda Maesha , Symoens Sofie , Vande Velde Saskia , Van Biervliet Stephanie , Van Winckel Myriam , Verloo Patrick , Callewaert Bert , De Bruyne Ruth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCiliopathies are a group of clinical and molecular heterogeneous conditions with pleiotropic manifestations affecting the central nervous system, renal, liver, skeletal, and ocular systems. Biallelic pathogenic variants in DCDC2 cause a ciliopathy primarily presenting with neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (NSC). Pathogenic variants in DCDC2 have further been reported in the context of nephronophthisis and non‐syndromic recessive deafness. Polymorphisms in DCDC2 have also been associated with dyslexia and DCDC2 has a role in neuronal development. We report on two unrelated patients with DCDC2‐related NSC with additional central nervous system impairment manifesting as microcephaly, global developmental delay, and axial hypotonia. Histological findings of our patients can mimic biliary atresia or congenital hepatic fibrosis. We further show that transmission electron microscopy in patients with NSC does not always show absence of primary cilia. Hence patients with DCDC2 pathogenic variants should also undergo an evaluation of neuromotor development. Review of all reported patients further reveals a risk for supra‐aortic arterial aneurysms.
Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise test after heart transplantation
Authors: Iglesias Diego , Masson Walter , Barbagelata Leandro , Rossi Emiliano , Mora Mishel , Cornejo Guillermo , Lagoria Juan , Belziti Cesar , Vulcano Norberto , Marenchino Ricardo , Pizarro Rodolfo , Ventura Hector 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been extensively studied yet in heart transplantation (HTX) patients.ObjectiveTo analyze the predictive value of the CPET on hospitalizations and mortality in HTX recipients.MethodsA retrospective cohort was performed from a secondary database. Patients > 18 years with HTX who underwent a CPET between 3 and 12 months after transplantation were included. Time to the first primary endpoint (HTX‐related hospitalization) was analyzed and adjusted using Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsA total of 122 patients (mean age 50.1 years, 77.0% men) were included. Fifty‐seven patients (46.7%) had the primary endpoint. Peak VO2(HR .95; CI 95% .90–.99,P = .03), oxygen pulse (HR .57; CI 95% .34–.96,P = .03) and predicted VO2(HR .97; CI 95% .96–.99,P = .002) were associated with the endpoint. We did not find a significant association between the other variables and the outcome.ConclusionIn HTX recipients, peak VO2, oxygen pulse, and predicted VO2were independently associated with hospitalizations at follow up.