bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine mammal biodiversity and rare narwhal (Monodon monoceros) observations near northern Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Carlyle Cody G. , Florko Katie R. N. , Young Brent G. , Yurkowski David J. , Michel Christine , Ferguson Steven H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA climate‐driven decline of sea ice has increased international interest in understanding the ecology of seldom studied high‐Arctic regions projected to retain the last remnants of summer sea ice. Arctic marine mammals are vulnerable to future environmental change due to their high dependence on sea ice. We completed aerial surveys in August 2019 to document the occurrence and location of marine mammals within the recently designated Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area which acts as a last refuge for ice‐associated species. We present photographic evidence of narwhals (Monodon monoceros), Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus), bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), and ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Archer Fjord, northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada (81°14′–81°49′ N). We discuss these observations in the context of historical records and more recent opportunistic sightings from the region to support the hypothesis of an expansion north of the currently accepted range of narwhal. The diversity and number of observations of marine mammals in Archer Fjord is a striking contrast to the relative scarcity of the rest of the surveyed region, with very few observations of ringed seals throughout the more northerly study area. Our observations highlight opportunities to further explore high‐latitude areas that may host unique marine mammal biodiversity in the region, including narwhal.
Doping Electron Transporting Layer: An Effective Method to Enhance JSC of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Chao , Xing Guichuan 
Published: June 2021

All‐inorganic metal‐halide CsPbBr3 perovskite has emerged as an attractive photovoltaic material for its outstanding environmental stability. However, due to the wide bandgap, the performance of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited, especially for the short‐circuit current density (JSC). In this issue of Energy & Environmental Materials, Guo et al. employed Nb‐doped SnO2 as electron transporting layers (ETLs), which could greatly improve the JSC of the PSCs based on all‐inorganic CsPbBr3.
The validity of skin conductance for assessing acute pain in mechanically ventilated infants: A cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Hu Jiale , Harrold JoAnn , Squires Janet E. , Modanloo Shokoufeh , Harrison Denise 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssessing pain in mechanically ventilated infants is challenging. The assessment of skin conductance (SC) is based on the sympathetic nervous system response to stress. This study purpose was to evaluate the validity of SC for assessing pain in mechanically ventilated infants.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional observational design was used to study SC and its relation to: the category of procedure (i.e., painful or non‐painful); the phase of procedure (i.e., before, during and after), and referent pain measurements (i.e., Premature Infant Pain Profile‐Revised (PIPP‐R) and Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS)). Eligible infants were those up to 12 months of age, in intensive care units, who were mechanically ventilated, and required painful and non‐painful procedures.ResultsFrom October 2017 to November 2018, 130 eligible infants were identified, and 55 infants were studied. SC (number of waves per second) during painful procedures (median 0.27, interquartile range 0.2–0.4) was statistically significantly higher than those during non‐painful procedures (0, 0–0.09). SC during painful procedures was statistically significantly higher than those before (0, 0–0.07) and after painful procedures (0, 0–0.07). SC showed moderate statistically significant positive correlations with PIPP‐R (Spearman's rho = 0.4–0.62) and the four‐item NFCS (Spearman's rho = 0.31–0.67) before, during and after painful or non‐painful procedures respectively. SC had excellent performance (area under the receiver operator curve = 0.979) with excellent sensitivity (92.31%), specificity (95.42%) and negative predictive value (99.21%) but only sufficient positive predictive value (66.67%) when used to discriminate moderate‐to‐severe pain.ConclusionsSC showed good validity for assessing pain in critically ill infants requiring mechanical ventilation.Significance of the studyPain assessment in mechanically ventilated infants is challenging. In this study, the validity of skin conductance (SC) for pain assessment is evaluated in the same population of infants during painful and nonpainful procedures. SC showed good validity for assessing acute pain in relation to category of procedure, phase of procedure, and referent pain measurements. SC is a promising method, especially with other pain assessment methods and other determinants of pain, in a multimodal pain assessment approach to understand the complexity of pain in mechanically ventilated infants.
Brief mindfulness training can mitigate the influence of prior expectations on pain perception
Authors: Vencatachellum Shervin , van der Meulen Marian , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M. L. , Van Damme Stefaan , Vögele Claus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent neuroimaging evidence suggests that mindfulness practice may mitigate the biasing influence of prior cognitive and emotional expectations on pain perception. The current study tested this hypothesis using a pain‐cueing paradigm, which has reliably been shown to elicit conditioned hypoalgesic and hyperalgesic effects. Specifically, we aimed to investigate whether the instructed use of a mindfulness compared to a suppression strategy differentially modulates the magnitudes of conditioned hypoalgesia and hyperalgesia.MethodsSixty‐two healthy non‐meditators were assigned to listen to either brief mindfulness or suppression instructions, in between the conditioning and testing phases of a pain‐cueing task. Participants provided ratings of anticipatory anxiety, pain intensity and pain unpleasantness throughout the task. They also completed trait and state self‐report measures of mindfulness and pain catastrophizing.ResultsResults indicated that the paradigm was successful in inducing conditioned hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic effects. Importantly, while we found evidence of cue‐induced hyperalgesia in both groups, only the suppression group reported cue‐induced hypoalgesia. No group differences in pain ratings were found for unconditioned (novel‐cued) stimuli.ConclusionsThese findings provide partial support for recently proposed predictive processing models, which posit that mindfulness may lead to a prioritization of current sensory information over previous expectations. We explore potential explanations for the asymmetrical group differences in conditioned hypoalgesia versus conditioned hyperalgesia, and discuss our results in light of recent neuroimaging insights into the neuropsychological mechanisms of mindfulness and expectancy‐driven pain modulation.SignificanceThe current study provides novel insights into the working mechanisms of mindfulness‐driven pain modulation. Our data suggest that brief mindfulness training may reduce the influence of prior beliefs and expectations on pain perception. This finding adds to growing evidence suggesting that mindfulness may alleviate pain via neuropsychological mechanisms opposite to those typically observed in conditioning/placebo procedures and other cognitive manipulations. These unique mechanisms underline the potential of mindfulness as an alternative to traditional cognitive pain regulatory strategies.
Characterizing white matter alterations subject to clinical laterality in drug‐naïve de novo Parkinson's disease
Authors: Xiao Yiming , Peters Terry M. , Khan Ali R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a range of motor and nonmotor symptoms, often with the motor dysfunction initiated unilaterally. Knowledge regarding disease‐related alterations in white matter pathways can effectively help improve the understanding of the disease and propose targeted treatment strategies. Microstructural imaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), allows inspection of white matter integrity to study the pathogenesis of various neurological conditions. Previous voxel‐based analyses with DTI measures, such as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity have uncovered changes in brain regions that are associated with PD, but the conclusions were inconsistent, partially due to small patient cohorts and the lack of consideration for clinical laterality onset, particularly in early PD. Fixel‐based analysis (FBA) is a recent framework that offers tract‐specific insights regarding white matter health, but very few FBA studies on PD exist. We present a study that reveals strengthened and weakened white matter integrity that is subject to symptom laterality in a large drug‐naïve de novo PD cohort using complementary DTI and FBA measures. The findings suggest that the disease gives rise to tissue degeneration and potential re‐organization in the early stage.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas—An update 2021
Authors: Kempf Werner , Mitteldorf Christina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) represent the majority of primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL). Mycosis fungoides (MF) and cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders account for 80% of all CTCL. CTCL show overlapping histological features. Thus clinical‐pathological correlation is of importance to achieve final diagnosis. MF shows a characteristic evolution with patches, plaques, and in a subset of patients (10%–20%) with tumors. Therapy is stage‐adapted with skin‐directed therapies such as UV‐light therapies and corticosteroids in early disease stage (i.e., patch and limited plaque stage) and systemic therapies (retinoids, interferon, mono chemotherapy, targeted therapy) and/or radiation therapy (local or total skin beam electron) in advanced stages. Novel therapies include targeted therapy such as mogamulizumab (anti‐CCR4) or brentuximab vedotin (anti‐CD30) and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Considering the impact of targeted therapies, biomarkers such as CD30 are not only crucial for the diagnosis and correct classification of an individual lymphoma case, but also for therapy as they may represent therapeutic targets. In the recently revised WHO classification 2017 and the updated WHO‐EORTC classification for CL 2018, primary cutaneous CD8+ acral T‐cell lymphoma has been introduced as a new still provisional entity. It displays characteristic clinical, histological, and phenotypic features and exhibits an excellent prognosis. Rare, but aggressive CTCL include cutaneous primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8‐positive T‐cell lymphoma and cutaneous gamma/delta T‐cell lymphoma, which present with rapid onset of necrotic or ulcerated plaques and tumors. As they have a poor prognosis, treatment includes multiagent chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Personalized medicine for Hodgkin lymphoma: Mitigating toxicity while preserving cure
Authors: Longley Jemma , Johnson Peter W. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma in young patients is one of the success stories of modern medicine. The use of risk‐ and response‐adapted approaches to guide treatment decisions has led to impressive cure rates while reducing the long‐term toxicity associated with more intensive therapies. Tissue biomarkers have not yet proven more effective than clinical characteristics for risk stratification of patients at presentation, but functional imaging features such as metabolic tumor volume may be used to predict response, if early observations can be validated. The success of treatment in younger patients has unfortunately not been mirrored in those over 60, where complex decision‐making is often required, with a paucity of data from clinical trials. The use of PD1 blocking antibodies and brentuximab vedotin in this cohort, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, may provide attractive options. The incorporation of frailty assessment, quality‐of‐life outcomes, and specialist geriatric input is also important to ensure the best outcomes for this diverse group.
Feasible kidney donation with living marginal donors, including diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yoshinaga Kasumi , Araki Motoo , Wada Koichiro , Sekito Takanori , Watari Shogo , Maruyama Yuki , Mitsui Yosuke , Sadahira Takuya , Kubota Risa , Nishimura Shingo , Edamura Kohei , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Tanabe Katsuyuki , Takeuchi Hidemi , Kitagawa Masashi , Kitamura Shinji , Wada Jun , Watanabe Masami , Watanabe Toyohiko , Nasu Yasutomo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the donor outcomes of living donor kidney transplantation between standard donors (SDs) and marginal donors (MDs) including diabetic patients (MD + DM).MethodsMDs were defined according to Japanese guideline criteria: (a) age >70‐years, (b) blood pressure ≤130/80 mmHg on hypertension medicine, (c) body mass index >25 to ≤32 kg/m2, (d) 24‐h creatinine clearance ≥70 to <80 ml/min/1.73 m2, and (e) hemoglobin A1c > 6.2 or ≤6.5 with oral diabetic medicine. Fifty‐three of 114 donors were MDs. We compared donor kidney functions until 60 months postoperatively.ResultsNo kidney function parameters were different between SDs and MDs. When comparing SD and MD + DM, MD + DM had a lower postoperative eGFR (48 vs. 41 (1 (month), p = .02), 49 vs. 40 (12, p < .01), 48 vs. 42 (24, p = .04), 47 vs. 38 (36, p = .01)) and the percentage of residual eGFR (SD vs. MD + DM: 63 vs. 57 (1 (month), p < .01), 63 vs. 57 (2, p < .01), 64 vs. 56 (12, p < .01), 63 vs. 57 (24, p < .01), 63 vs. 52 (36, p = .02)). However, when MD with a single risk factor of DM was compared to SD, the difference disappeared. Nine out of 12 (75%) MD + DM had ≥2 risk factors.ConclusionsAlthough long‐term observation of donor kidney function is necessary, careful MD + DM selection had the potential to expand the donor pool.
Relationship of transitional regulatory B and regulatory T cells and immunosuppressive drug doses in stable renal transplant recipients
Authors: Ibrahim Eman H , Aly Mostafa , Morath Christian , Sayed Douaa M , Ekpoom Naruemol , Opelz Gerhard , Süsal Caner , Daniel Volker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesRegulatory B cells (Bregs) and T cells (Tregs) are thought to be involved in the regulation of graft acceptance in renal transplant recipients. However, mechanisms that affect Breg differentiation and interaction with Tregs are rather unclear.MethodsUsing eight‐color‐fluorescence flow cytometry, Tregs and CD19+ CD24hiCD38hi Bregs were analyzed in whole blood samples of 80 stable kidney transplant recipients, 20 end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). In addition, differentiation of Bregs and Tregs was studied in different micromilieus using cocultures with strongly enriched B‐lymphocytes and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with CpG and phytohemagglutinin.ResultsBregs were higher in HC than in ESRD patients and lowest in transplant recipients. Bregs were higher early as compared to late posttransplant. Posttransplant, high Bregs were associated with higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and lower C‐reactive protein (CRP). Higher doses and blood levels of ciclosporine, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil as well as higher doses of steroids were not associated with low Bregs. In contrast, most Treg subsets were lower when blood levels of ciclosporine, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil were higher. Tregs were not associated with Bregs, GFR, CRP plasma levels, and occurrence of rejection or infection. In vitro, differentiation of Bregs was strongly dependent on T cell support and was blocked by excessive or lacking T‐cell help. Tregs were not associated with Breg numbers in vitro.ConclusionBregs appear to be insensitive to high doses of posttransplant immunosuppressive drugs. The protracted Breg decrease posttransplant might be caused by impaired T cell support attributable to immunosuppressive drugs.
Two Decades of Chromatic Orthogonality
Authors: Bochet Christian G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChromatic orthogonality is defined as the possibility of independently addressing different photosensitive sites using light beams of different colors. After its initial study in synthetic chemistry, this property has been applied in many other fields, such as lithography, chemical biology and catalysis. This short account gives an overview of some of the significant work in the field in the last two decades.
Vasa expression is associated with sex differentiation in the Asian yellow pond turtle, Mauremys mutica
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Zhu Yanyu , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Yakun , Li Wei , Hong Xiaoyou , Yu Lingyun , Chen Chen , Xu Hongyan , Zhu Xinping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVasa, one of the best‐studied germ cell markers plays a critical role in germ cell development and differentiation in animals. Vasa deficiency would lead to male‐specific sterility in most vertebrates, but female sterility in the fly. However, the role of the vasa gene involved in germ cell differentiation is largely elusive. Here, we first characterized the expression profile of vasa products in the Asian yellow pond turtle by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence immunostaining. The results showed that vasa messenger RNA (mRNA) is initially detected in embryos at stage 16, and then dramatically increased in embryos at stage 19. In particular, like the sex‐related genes, vasa mRNA exhibited differential expression in embryos between the male‐producing temperature (MPT, 25°C) and the female‐producing temperature (FPT, 33°C), whereas there was no difference in methylation levels of vasa promoter detected between FPT and MPT. In contrast, in the adult Asian yellow pond, the level of vasa mRNA was much higher in the testis than ovary. Moreover, the immunostaining on testicular sections and cells showed that Vasa protein was exclusively expressed in germ cells: Weak but detectable in spermatogonia, highest in spermatocytes, moderate and concentrated in chromatid bodies in spermatids and spermatozoa, and bare in somatic cells. The expression profile of Vasa protein is similar in turtle species studied so far but distinct from those in fish species in this study. The findings of this study would provide new insights into our understanding of the conservation and divergence of the vasa gene, even other germ cell genes across phyla.
Liquid chromatography‐Orbitrap Tribrid high‐resolution mass spectrometry using data dependent‐tandem mass spectrometry with triple stage fragmentation as a screening tool to perform identification and risk assessment of unknown substances in food contact epoxy resin
Authors: Miralles Pablo , López Antonio , Dualde Pablo , Coscollà Clara , Yusà Vicent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new, fast, and automatic approach has been applied for the tentative identification of unknown substances released by food contact epoxy resin after performing a migration test with food simulant. This approach combines intelligent data acquisition with AcquireX linked to liquid chromatography‐Orbitrap Tribrid high‐resolution mass spectrometry using data dependent‐tandem mass spectrometry with triple stage fragmentation coupled to Compound Discoverer™ software for automated data processing and compound identification. The identification of the observed features was performed using a set of identification criteria, including exact mass, isotope pattern, tandem mass spectrometry spectra match, and retention time. With these criteria, 263 substances were tentatively identified. Most of the identified compounds were additives, such as plasticisers, stabilizers, and antioxidants, used in different plastic applications. However, metabolites, biological constituents with pharmacological activity, and other substances with industrial applications were also detected. In order to perform a risk assessment of the food contact epoxy resin, threshold of toxicological concern approach was applied for the identified compounds. There was not risk associated with the migration of the identified substances.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in Small Intestinal Ischemia: Proof of Concept
Authors: Gummadi Sriharsha , Koenig George , Wessner Corinne E. , Machado Priscilla , Stem Jonathan , Forsberg Flemming , Liu Ji‐Bin , Lyshchik Andrej , O'Kane Patrick , Eisenbrey John R. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSmall intestinal ischemia is a challenging diagnosis to make, even with the combination of imaging, laboratory analysis, and physical exam. This pilot study investigated the role of CEUS in evaluating small bowel wall vascularity in participants with suspected ischemia.MethodsIn this IRB‐approved pilot study, CEUS using perflutren lipid microspheres (DEFINITY®; Lantheus Medical Imaging Inc., N. Billerica, MA) was performed on participants determined by the clinical surgical team to have concerns for small intestinal ischemia. CEUS interpretations were performed at both the bedside and later by a blinded radiologist and compared to clinical imaging, surgical findings, or long‐term clinical outcomes.ResultsFifteen CEUS examinations were performed on 14 participants. Five of the participants underwent exploratory laparotomy. Of these, one had small intestinal ischemia (without necrosis). Point of care CEUS demonstrated no evidence of bowel necrosis in any case, and delayed enhancement (indicative of intestinal ischemia) in three cases, resulting in a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 2.5–100%) and specificity of 85.7% (95% CI 57.2–98.2%). CEUS correctly ruled out ischemia in 91.7% of cases with CT suspicion of small bowel obstruction and 60% of cases that underwent surgical intervention. Additionally, the rate of agreement between bedside interpretation and later radiologist read was high (93%).ConclusionsCEUS is uniquely positioned for evaluating the small intestine, because of its high temporal resolution and immediacy of results. Combined with multi‐sectional imaging for focal areas of ischemia and/or clinical suspicion for pan ischemia, CEUS may be a useful rule out test for small intestinal ischemia.