bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction using intense pulsed light and low-level light therapy
Authors: Khalifa Ali A. , Ibrahim Mohamed M.A. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud S.A. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is an abnormal chronic state of meibomian glands in which there is quality and quantity alternations in the meibum glandular secretion or terminal duct obstruction. Patients with MGD show imbalance in the tear film components because of the lipid layer deficiency.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the tear film after using intense pulsed light and low-level light therapy (IPL-LLLT) according to the Dry Eye Workshop classification.

Patients and methods
The study enrolled 80 eyes of 40 patients of both sexes with dry eye disease caused by MGD, with age range from 23 to 74 years. They showed symptoms of unilateral or bilateral dryness, diagnosed as MGD, with a meibum grade more than or equal to 1 and with a Fitzpatrick skin type of two to five appearance dependent and sensitivities to sun light. They were studied by comparing the pretreatment and posttreatment session values.

Results
The Dry Eye Workshop score showed a significant reduction after 4 weeks of the IPL-LLLT treatment in comparison with the baseline (P<0.001). The meibomian gland evaluation scores (meibum grade and meiboscale) showed a significant improvement after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.001). Moreover, the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness significantly decreased after the treatment (P<0.001). No undesirable events were observed except for four cases, all of which showed transient redness. In addition, one patient showed an obvious improvement in Schirmer test I, the second showed deterioration in the meibum grade, and the third showed deterioration in visual acuity, Schirmer test I, tear break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining, meibum grade, and Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness.

Conclusions
IPL-LLLT combination could be used as a safe and efficient way for MGD treatment. However, it does not completely cure the MGD.
The effect of trabeculectomy and deep sclerectomy on the choroidal thickness
Authors: Tolba Doaa A. , Abdelrahman Ahmed M. , El-Saied Heba M. , Kotb Mohamed S. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) following trabeculectomy and nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in cases with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Patients and methods
This is a prospective interventional comparative randomized study that was carried out on 42 eyes of 32 patients with chronic POAG who were divided into two groups: group A included 22 eyes that underwent trabeculectomy, and group B included 20 eyes that underwent NPDS. SFCT was measured preoperatively and was repeated on the third day and at 1 month postoperatively using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results
In group A, there was a statistically significant increase in the SFCT on the third postoperative day and after 1 month, with a mean value of 42.86±38.08 and 28.5±27.91 μm, respectively, when compared with the preoperative SFCT (P<0.05). In group B, the increase in SFCT was statistically significant on the third postoperative day, with a mean value of 38.45±24.33 μm when compared with the preoperative SFCT (P=0.0001). However, after 1 month, the increase in SFCT became nonsignificant, with a mean value of 13.25±6.55 μm when compared with the preoperative SFCT (P=0.19). There was a positive correlation between the amplitude of intraocular pressure reduction and the change in the SFCT in both groups.

Conclusion
Both trabeculectomy and NPDS caused a significant increase in SFCT in the early postoperative period, which might be related to postoperative hypotony maculopathy. SFCT went back near to normal values after NPDS earlier than after trabeculectomy in cases with POAG.
Clinical Implications of Undernutrition in Childhood Cancer
Authors: Sakthikumar Lakshmanan , Sneha Latha M. , Chandran Shobana , Scott Julius , Soundarapandiyan Lakshmipriya , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Coexisting malnutrition is one of the known influencing factor of the survival rates in childhood cancer. Malnutrition contributes to poor immune function, altered drug metabolism—thereby causing drug toxicities and adverse clinical outcome. This study was done to assess the impact of undernutrition during treatment for childhood cancer, among the children diagnosed at our center.

Methods:
All children ≤18 years diagnosed with cancer between June 2011 and June 2019 treated at our institution were included in this study. Nutrition was assessed using body mass index (BMI) Z-score and a Z-score < −2SD was classified as undernourished. Weight loss of more than 10% or a decrease in BMI Z-score by ≥1SD below the previous Z-score was considered significant. All adverse effects and outcomes were compared between malnourished and adequately nourished children.

Results:
Three hundred six patients were included in this study, 114 (37.2%) were undernourished at diagnosis. One hundred two (33.3%) of 306 had significant weight loss. Malnutrition at diagnosis and significant weight loss was associated with an increased risk of febrile neutropenia, anemia, dosage modifications, and mucositis. Patients undernourished and those with significant weight loss showed a worse outcome (death or relapse) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Nutritional status represents a modifiable risk factor long suggested to affect survival and treatment-related toxicity in pediatric malignancies and hence early nutritional intervention should be an essential part of the multi-disciplinary treatment protocol.
HHOM-051608 A Whey Protein Formulation Fortified with Herbal Actives Improves Exercise Performance and Muscle Strength
Authors: Vishwakarma Kamlesh K. , Narendra Madan M. , Azeemuddin Mohammed M. , Shankar Poornima , Babshet Prathibha , Rafiq Mohamed , Babu Uddagiri V. 
Published: July 2021

Context:
The lifestyle of individuals is changing rapidly in today’s world and physical fitness is an essential requirement to keep oneself fit and healthy. Nutritional supplements could improve physical fitness by modulating energy metabolism, oxidative processes, and perceived fatigue.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HHOM-051608, which is a first-of-its-kind whey protein supplement, packed with naturally rich essential amino acids and herbal ingredients to improve the exercise performance, energy metabolism, and physical endurance.

Setting and study design:
Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight each. Group 1 served as sedentary control; group 2 was sedentary rats treated with HHOM-051608 (2 g/kg b.w.); group 3 was exercise training control, and group 4 was exercise training rat treated with HHOM-051608 (2g/kg b.w.).

Methods:
The exercise training rats were trained on a motorized rat treadmill at a constant speed for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all animals were subjected to a grip strength test followed by a treadmill endurance test.

Statistical analysis:
The results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey comparison test, using Prism GraphPad 6.07 (GraphPad Software Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
HHOM-051608 supplemented animals showed a significant increase in grip strength and run time on the treadmill.

Conclusion:
HHOM-051608 has improved the exercise performance, muscle strength, and muscle glycogen. Thus can be recommended to enhance exercise performance, build muscle mass and decrease muscle soreness.
Efficacy of Posterior Cervical Laminectomy for Multilevel Cervical Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Asati Sanjeev , Kundnani Vishal G. , Sagane Shrikant S. , Jain Sanyam , Raut Saijyot 
Published: July 2021

Study Design:
This study design includes retrospective study of prospectively collected data.

Introduction:
The purpose is to determine the efficacy of posterior cervical laminectomy for multilevel cervical ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Laminectomy has been a preferred surgical treatment for multilevel cervical OPLL since a long time. Because of the risk associated with progressive kyphosis, the trend is shifted from laminectomy alone to laminoplasty and laminectomy with fusion. The data regarding the efficacy of laminectomy alone in terms of clinical and radiological parameters in multilevel cervical OPLL are scanty.

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed 82 patients with multilevel cervical OPLL who underwent posterior cervical laminectomy from January 2008 to December 2014. Patients with age ≥45 years, C2–C7 Cobb’s angle ≥ 10º, compression at ≥3 levels, and a minimum of 5 years of follow-up were included in the study. Demographics, pre and postoperative clinical parameters (visual analog scale (VAS), Nurick’s grading, and modified Japanese orthopedic association (mJOA) score), radiological parameters (C2–C7 Cobb’s angle, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA)), perioperative parameters, complications, and recovery rate were evaluated.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 56.4 (46–72) with M: F of 52:30. The mean blood loss and mean operative time were 93.9 mL and 96.6 min, respectively. There was significant improvement (P < 0.05) in VAS (3.6 ± 1.4 to 1.8 ± 0.8), Nurick’s grading (3.2 ± 0.9 to 1.9 ± 0.6), and mJOA score (8.4 ± 1.4 to 13.8 ± 1.9). C2–C7 Cobb’s angle increased from [FIGURE DASH]14.4 ± 1.7º preoperatively to [FIGURE DASH]8.2 ± 1.5º postoperatively and C2–C7 SVA from 18.4 ± 12.5 to 29.8 ± 15.8. Intraoperatively four patients had a dural tear. Three patients showed neurological deterioration postoperatively and three had unilateral C5 palsy which improved within a period of 6 months. 18.3% had an excellent outcome, 40.3% had good, 34.1% had fair, and 7.3% of the patients had a poor outcome.

Conclusion:
Multilevel cervical laminectomy is an effective surgical procedure in properly selected patients with multilevel OPLL. The outcomes are satisfactory in terms of radiological and clinical parameters. The risk of postlaminectomy kyphosis is not too high, and we found no correlation of kyphosis with clinical affection.
Ease of lumbar epidural catheter insertion with prepuncture ultrasound as guidance compared with conventional palpatory technique when performed by anesthesiology residents
Authors: Jagadish Anguraj , Swaminathan Srinivasan , Bidkar Prasanna U. , Gupta Suman L. , Adinarayanan Sethuramachandran 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:
Lumbar epidural catheter insertion is conventionally performed by anesthesia residents by palpation of anatomical landmarks with relatively blind localization of epidural space which may lead to an increase in failure rate. We aim to compare the ease of lumbar epidural catheterization using prepuncture ultrasound as guidance with that of conventional palpatory technique. Comparisons were made with reference to number of insertion attempts, total time taken for the procedure, frequency of dural puncture, and overall satisfaction score as assessed by Likert's scale.

Material and Methods:
Eighty, ASA 1-3, patients undergoing elective surgeries requiring lumbar epidural catheterization were recruited for the study. Study participants were randomized into two groups. In group P, epidural catheterization was performed using the conventional palpatory method and in group U, it was performed with the help of ultrasound determined parameters. Number of insertion attempts, total time taken for successful insertion of epidural catheter, frequency of dural puncture, and overall satisfaction of ease of insertion as determined by Likert's scale were compared between both the groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 17 and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The number of insertion attempts was significantly lesser in Group U (P = 0.019). The total procedure time was significantly higher in group U (P < .001). There was no significant difference in ease of insertion score, as measured by Likert's scale between both the groups (P = 0.45).

Conclusion:
Prepuncture ultrasound guidance improves the first attempt success rate of lumbar epidural catheterization with reduced incidence of dural puncture with similar overall satisfaction score but increases the total time taken for the procedure when compared to conventional palpatory technique.
Containment of varicella outbreak in intensive care unit of a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Sharma Raman , Goyal Kapil , Bhatia Nidhi , Rana Vikas , Singh Mini P. , Bhalla Ashish , Singh Gurpreet , Kumar Ashok , Jain Kajal 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Varicella–Zoster virus (VZV) infection in healthcare organizations, especially in intensive care units (ICU), having admitted immunocompromised patients, is of serious concern as well as poses threat to healthcare workers working in such critical areas. The present report defines the transmission and infection control measures initiated to curtail VZV infection spread in the trauma ICU of a tertiary care hospital of North India.

Outbreak Report:
At the infection outset, there were 12 patients admitted in ICU and 54 healthcare workers were posted to manage these critical patients. After confirmation of VZV infection, all susceptible patients as well as healthcare workers were quarantined and fresh intake of patients was restricted. Out of the total healthcare workers, 14 (25.92%) were found susceptible (as per protective VZV IgG titers) and were vaccinated. Of the 12 patients admitted in the ICU, six patients were discharged and sent home directly, four patients expired due to their critical disease state, one patient left against medical advice, and one patient remained admitted in ICU till the incubation period was over. Epidemiologically, line listing for index case reporting was done. The efficacy of control measures was re-evaluated to strengthen existing infection control practices and general measures viz. strict hand washing, adherence to aseptic protocols and intensification of environmental cleaning.

Conclusions:
Established varicella surveillance measures ensure VZV outbreaks are identified in a timely manner and control measures implemented to prevent further transmission. Also, vaccination policy among HCWs is the utmost requirement despite having huge financial implications.
Risk Factors for Ocular Surface Disease in Tunisian Users of Preserved Antiglaucomatous Eye Drops
Authors: Lajmi Houda , Hmaied Wassim , Achour Besma Ben , Zahaf Amin 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To study the clinical and the functional findings in glaucomatous patients under preserved eye drops having ocular surface alterations and to analyze their risk factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study of 155 glaucomatous patients was conducted. All of them answered the “Ocular Surface Disease Index” (OSDI) questionnaire and had a complete and precise evaluation of the ocular surface state including a Schirmer I test, a tear break-up time evaluation, eyelid, conjunctival, and corneal examination with a Fluorescein and a Lissamin green test. We studied factors that could influence the OSDI score and each type of ocular surface alteration (age, sex, glaucoma treatment duration, number and type of the active principle, and Benzalkonium Chloride [BAK] use).

Results:
BAK was used in 80% of cases. The OSDI score was ≥13, in 61.3% of cases. The biomicroscopic signs of ocular surface disease were at least minimal in 87.1% of cases. The main predictors of OSDI score increase were the glaucoma treatment duration (P = 0.01, t = 2.618), the number of molecules used (P = 0.018, t = 2.391), and the use of BAK (P = 0.011, t = 2.58). The severity of the biomicroscopic signs correlated with these same risk factors. Fixed combination was statistically associated with a lower incidence of superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) and corneal and conjunctival staining in the Lissamine green test (P < 0.001). Beta-blockers were associated with a significantly higher risk of SPK and corneal or conjunctival staining in the Lissamine green test (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Preserved antiglaucomatous eye drops alter the patients' ocular surface. The main risk factors were advanced age, duration of glaucoma treatment, multiple therapies, and the use of BAK.
Autologous Activated Omental Versus Allogeneic Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Corneal Alkaline Injury
Authors: Shadmani Athar , Razmkhah Mahboobeh , Jalalpoor Mohammad Hassan , Lari Sina Yazdanpanah , Eghtedari Masoomeh 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To compare the effects of two types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), activated omental cells (AOCs), and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the healing process of animal model of ocular surface alkali injury.

Methods:
An alkaline burn was induced on the ocular surfaces of eighteen rats divided randomly into three groups. The first and second groups received subconjunctival AOCs and ADSCs, respectively. The control group received normal saline subconjunctival injection. On the 90th day after the injury, the eyes were examined using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Corneal neovascularization and scarring were graded in a masked fashion. Histological evaluation of the corneal scar was performed, and the number of inflammatory cells was evaluated.

Results:
Corneal neovascularization scores revealed higher neovascularization in the control (0.49 ± 0.12) than the AOC (0.80 ± 0.20, P = 0.01) and ADSC groups (0.84 ± 0.24, P = 0.007). There were no statistically significant differences between the neovascularization score of the AOC and ADSC groups (P > 0.05). According to histologic evaluation, stromal infiltration was significantly more in the control group compared to AOC and ADSC groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that MSCs, even with different sources, can be used to promote wound healing after corneal chemical burns. However, the ease of harvesting ADSC from more superficial fat sources makes this method more clinically applicable.
Pure quotients and Morita’s theorem for -spaces
Authors: Lazar Aldo J. , Somerset Douglas W.B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA
$k_{\omega }$
-space X is a Hausdorff quotient of a locally compact,
$\sigma $
-compact Hausdorff space. A theorem of Morita’s describes the structure of X when the quotient map is closed, but in 2010 a question of Arkhangel’skii’s highlighted the lack of a corresponding theorem for nonclosed quotient maps (even from subsets of
$\mathbb {R}^n$
). Arkhangel’skii’s specific question had in fact been answered by Siwiec in 1976, but a general structure theorem for
$k_{\omega }$
-spaces is still lacking. We introduce pure quotient maps, extend Morita’s theorem to these, and use Fell’s topology to show that every quotient map can be “purified” (and thus every
$k_{\omega }$
-space is the image of a pure quotient map). This clarifies the structure of arbitrary
$k_{\omega }$
-spaces and gives a fuller answer to Arkhangel’skii’s question.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ СОСТАВА И БИОПОТЕНЦИАЛА
ПОЛИКОМПОНЕНТНОЙ СУХОЙ СМЕСИ
С ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИМИ СВОЙСТВАМИ,
ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННОЙ ДЛЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ДИАБЕТОМ II-ГО ТИПА
Authors: Чижова А. А. , Мезенова О. Я. 
Published: July 2021

Обоснован состав биологически активной добавки (БАД) к пище, оказывающей профилактическое влияние на развитие сахарного диабета II-го типа. Основными компонентами добавки являются концентрат сывороточных белков, кедровый жмых, порошок околоплодника шиповника, гидролизат рыбной чешуи. Получена математическая модель рецептуры и определены оптимальные значения содержания основных компонентов БАД. Изготовлен экспериментальный образец добавки и оценены ее органолептические показатели в сухом виде и в составе напитка. Проведена оценка пищевой ценности БАД, биологической ценности белковой и жировой фракций. Определена суточная норма приема БАД для оказания антидиабетического эффекта. Разработаны рекомендации по применению добавки.
Описаны механизмы профилактического метаболического воздействия на организм.
МИКРОФЛОРА ЛЕЩА ABRAMIS BRAMA (LINNAEUS, 1758)
ОЗЕРА ВИШТЫНЕЦКОГО В ЛЕТНИЙ ПЕРИОД 2020 Г.
Authors: Мирошниченко Я. В. , Авдеева Е. В. 
Published: July 2021

С целью изучения микрофлоры леща оз. Виштынецкого, исследованием которого
ранее никто не занимался, произведен микробиологический анализ его кожи, жабр и
внутренних органов. Обнаружено доминирование в бактериоценозе леща оз. Виштынецкого
бактерий рода Bacillus. Результаты наших исследований были сравнены с данными по
микрофлоре леща Куршского залива, полученными сотрудником АтлантНИРО
Н. Н. Чукаловой – выявлены различия в видовом и количественном составе бактерий
изучаемых водоемов и количестве представителей условно-патогенной микрофлоры.
АНИМАЦИОННЫЙ ПРОЕКТ КАК СРЕДСТВО
ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЛАТЕРАЛЬНОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Казыханов В.Р. , Болотина М.А. 
Published: July 2021

В данной статье исследуются вопросы применения анимационных проектов, даётся обоснование положительного влияния анимации на процесс становления
личности и необходимости её внедрения в образовательный процесс. Авторы рассматривают эффективность анимационных проектов как средства формирования латерального мышления обучающихся.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА СУШКИ НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КАЧЕСТВА И
БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ МАРМЕЛАДА С ПОНИЖЕННЫМ
СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ САХАРА
Authors: Строшкова А. В. , Титова И. М. 
Published: July 2021

В статье приводятся характеристики образцов мармелада, изготовленных разными
технологическими способами. Анализируются физико-химические и органолептические
показатели полученных образцов. Приводятся результаты санитарно-микробиологических
исследований по показателям безопасности полученных образцов, устанавливаются сроки
их хранения.
желейно-фруктовый мармелад, показатели качества и
безопасности, хранимоспособность
INFLUENCE OF DRIED PLANT MATERIAL ON BAKEDPRODUCT QUALITY
Authors: Savateeva P.D. , Massalina I.P. , Anistratova O.V. 
Published: July 2021

The chemical composition of sea buckthorn meal, stevioside sweetener, lemon and orange zest is studied. The recipe of a new low-calorie bun was established with mathematical
modeling. Yeast activity, active and titratable acidity of the dough in dynamics and moisture of
the dough were studied. Titratable acidity and moisture of curb were studied in the baked products. The results of organoleptic and microbiological researches were presented. Possibilities of
using dried plant materials in baked products were discovered.
Kinetics gelling process of isolated soy protein into a non-dairy beverage
Authors: Bernardini Brenda Olivera , González Rodrigo González 
Published: July 2021

Soy proteins are used for their emulsifying, foaming, gelling properties, among others. These characteristics can be modified depending on the conditions to which the product is located. These modifications can now be risky for companies that evaluate product shelf life. Non-dairy products, such as soy-based beverages are the model for characterizing protein gelling kinetics by subjecting them to four different temperature and concentration changes, checking the viscosity of the product after a while. This work evaluated a soy-based drink by adding soy protein isolate at concentrations of 3% 4%, 5% and 6% and then taking it to pasteurization, which would help us make a safe drink. Once pasteurized, tests were placed at the temperature of 45 ºC, 60 ºC, 65 ºC, and 80 ºC respectively for 48 hours to see a change in the properties in the beverages and calculate the gelling curve of each concentration with each temperature. To see the change generated before and after the temperature, viscosity measures were taken, which will help us to have a clearer change from what happens to the isolated soy protein. Curves and kinetic parameters were obtained by making significant differences mainly at a higher temperature and at high concentration, I have even suspended particles forming a gel type in the drink.