bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust and consumer confidence in the safety of dairy products in China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Guan Lijun , Jin Shaosheng 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aims to explore the degree of Chinese consumers' trust and confidence in the Chinese dairy products supply chain and the relationships between trust and overall confidence in dairy products safety and quality.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected data from 1,278 respondents by field survey from five provinces of China. The data were analyzed using ordered logit model.FindingsThis study shows the following results: (1) Chinese consumer confidence in domestic dairy products and trust in actors of the dairy chain are at a moderate-to-low level. (2) Government regulators are considered to take the most responsibility, with both an optimism-enhancing and a pessimism-reducing effect (the former effect is greater), while perceived trust in dairy farmers and retailers has little effect. (3) Perceived care has both an optimism-enhancing and a pessimism-reducing effect, and the former effect is stronger. Competence and openness have an optimism-enhancing effect and a pessimism-reducing effect, respectively. (4) The importance of the three dimensions of trust related to optimism-increasing and pessimism-reduction is limited, except in the case of government regulators.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of consumer trust in food safety and also help demonstrate to the actors and institutions involved in the dairy supply chain the best way to improve the performance of their duties to meet the consumers' needs for safe and quality dairy products.
3D virtual fit assessment and modeling: liquid cooling and ventilation garment
Authors: Weiss Hannah , Hernandez Yaritza , Kim K. Han , Rajulu Sudhakar L. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe suboptimal fit of a spacesuit can interfere with a crewmember's performance and is regarded as a potential risk factor for injury. To quantify suit fit, a virtual fit assessment model was previously developed to identify suit-to-body contact and interference using 3D human body scans and suit CAD models. However, ancillary suit components and garments worn inside of the suit have not been incorporated.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted to predict a 3D model of the liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG) from an arbitrary person's body scan. A total of 14 subjects were scanned in a scan wear and LCVG condition. A statistical model was generated using principal component analysis and random forest regression technique.FindingsThe model was able to predict the geometry of the LCVG layer at the accuracy of 5.3 cm maximum error and 1.7 cm root mean square error. The errors were more pronounced for the arms and lower torso, while the thighs and upper torso regions, which are critical for suit fit assessments, show more accurate predictions. A case study of suit fit with and without the LCVG model demonstrated that the new model can enhance the scope and accuracy of future spacesuit assessments.Originality/valueThe capabilities resulting from these modeling techniques would greatly expand the assessments of fit of the garment on various anthropometries. The results from this study can significantly improve the design process modeling and initial suit sizing efforts to optimize crew performance during extravehicular activity training and missions.
Role of place satisfaction and residents’ ambassadorship behaviours (RAB) on place attachment to city and neighbourhood
Authors: Swapan Mohammad Shahidul Hasan , Sadeque Saalem , Ashikuzzaman Md. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how place satisfaction (SAT) and residents’ ambassadorship behaviour (RAB) are related to residents’ place attachment (PAtt). In addition, this relationship is examined at the city and the neighbourhood levels.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a questionnaire survey of 1,160 residents from Khulna city in Bangladesh. This research model is tested using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe findings support the four-dimensional (place dependence, place social bonding, place identity and place affect) second-order construct of PAtt. It also highlights that RAB mediates the relationship between residents’ SAT and PAtt at the city and neighbourhood levels.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research can investigate how RAB changes over time. In addition, the research model can be tested in multi-city and multi-country contexts.Practical implicationsThe results from this study emphasise the need for urban planners to satisfactorily meet the needs of the residents to engender positive word-of-mouth, which can lead to greater PAtt.Originality/valueThis study contributes by improving the understanding of the way PAtt is influenced by SAT and RAB. Furthermore, it shows that this influence varies across city and neighbourhood levels.
COVID’s impact on small business: the case of SPR industries a distributor of PPEs
Authors: Jaiswal Mayank , Josephs Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Theoretical basis
The case delves into supply, demand, price gouging, hoarding and capabilities of the firm. The theories/concepts and a short overview are covered below. These theories and concepts are then referenced as appropriate in the “Answers to Discussion Questions” section as follows: Supply Demand Theory; Price Gouging, Speculation and Hoarding; Resources, Capabilities and Activities; Friedman’s and Porter’s view of goals of a firm; Corporate Social Responsibility.

Research methodology
The case was motivated after a discussion with Mr Matthew Roberts, who is the Chief Operating Officer of SPR Industries. Several subsequent interviews were conducted with Matt. Matt also became the chief protagonist of the case. Matt provided multiple quotes and anecdotes. The protagonist Matt and the focal organization (SPR Industries) are disguised. The financial figures have also been disguised using a multiplier. However, the material facts of the case are authentic.

Case overview/synopsis
This case sheds light on the impact of the COVID pandemic on a small business in the personal protective equipment industry. The students will get an understanding of the supply and demand forces in a market. Furthermore, the case bears out how unpredictable situations such as the pandemic lead to speculation and price gouging opportunities but not in all products affected by it. The case explores the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of firms regarding price gouging in their products. Students will also get an appreciation of how an industry and its participants change in response to such black swan events as the COVID pandemic. Finally, the case presents a small enterprise’s decision choices Ã¢?? Should they maintain the status quo, become a sub-broker or become a wholesaler.

Complexity academic level
This case is designed to target undergraduate students of strategic management or entrepreneurship. It could be appropriate for upper level courses such as Strategic Management, Small Business Management and maybe even Family Business Management. It could be taught in the latter half of the course after the basic concepts have been covered. This case could bring together many of the concepts into a real-life setting.
The Royal Bay Bakery
Authors: Krusekopf Charles , Wilson-Mah Rebecca Frances 
Published: December 2021

Theoretical basis
There are a range of business evaluation methods that can be applied to determine the value of a business. Ultimately, the valuation of a business is what someone will pay for it when the sale transaction is completed. When determining the value of their own business, business owners are often influenced by how hard they have worked to start and build up the business, what the business represents and their projections for the future (Hawkey, 2017). This case provides an opportunity for students to consider exit strategy planning and how to establish a fair market price for a business, how to consider the value of good will and, in particular, the value associated with running an environmentally conscious bakery operation. The trend toward environmental responsibility and green practices in the small business community has started to have an impact on the value of small companies (Inc. 2021). Finally, the case raises the issue of the personal values of the owners and the related implication of finding a buyer with similar values and interests for a bakery business.

Research methodology
This case was field researched and the company and individuals are not disguised. One of the authors interviewed the two owners of The Royal Bakery. There were three interviews over a six-month period. The interviews were audio recorded. An ethical review for this research was completed at the co-authors’ institution, and a case release was signed.

Case overview/synopsis
The Royal Bay Bakery presents Dave Grove and Gwen Snyder who, with over 30 years in the bakery business, had started to consider next steps toward retirement. Royal Bay Bakery was profitable and growing. As they prepared to retire and sell the business, they were unsure about how to maximize the value of the business. They also wanted to find a buyer who would recognize and continue their business commitment to environmental and social sustainability.

Complexity academic level
This case may be taught in a class on exit strategies for small family businesses in the context of a small business course. This case is appropriate for both undergraduate seniors and graduate students. The case may be used to help students understand small business valuation, family ownership and exit strategies and environmental practices in small businesses. Instructors may choose to emphasize specific conceptual tools, including SWOT analysis, and business valuation. The case may also be used to reinforce applications of exit strategy for small, family-owned businesses.
Characteristic nail lesions in Kawasaki disease: Case series and literature review
Authors: Mitsuishi Tsuyoshi , Miyata Kazunori , Ando Akiko , Sano Kentaro , Takanashi Jun‐ichi , Hamada Hiromichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is vasculitis of unknown etiology in infants and young children. The diagnostic criteria for KD include major and minor symptoms, but various nail lesions are not described in detail. The aim of this study was to identify symptoms that are relatively found in nail of KD as diagnostic markers. After literature review, various nail lesions are classified as Beau’s lines, leukonychia, onychomadesis, orange‐brown chromonychia, and pincer nail deformity. The orange‐brown chromonychia is the most common nail lesion in KD. In this study, the authors found three cases of KD with orange‐brown chromonychia; two of these cases included rare dotted or splinter hemorrhages in the nail bed that were found on dermoscopic examination. The authors propose that these nail lesions, including hemorrhage of the nail bed, could be included as a helpful diagnosis of KD.
Using the patient‐acceptable symptom state to evaluate patients' perspectives of living with psoriasis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chularojanamontri Leena , Wongpraparut Chanisada , Silpa‐archa Narumol , Chaiyabutr Chayada , Apinuntham Chalermkwan , Pruksaeakanan Chutipon , Wongdama Supisara , Chiowchanwisawakit Praveena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTaking the perspectives of patients into consideration is of the utmost importance when defining treatment goals for psoriasis. The patient‐acceptable symptom state (PASS) is a dichotomised question that captures patients' perceptions of their overall health state.ObjectivesTo evaluate PASS and determine the factors associated with a satisfactory PASS for psoriatic patients.MethodsThree questions were asked: (Q1) Considering the ways that your skin symptoms affect your functioning, is your current skin psoriasis satisfactory? (Current PASS), (Q2) Considering the ways that your psoriasis is affecting you, if you were to remain in this state for the next few months, would this be satisfactory? (Future PASS) and (Q3) If you were to remain for the rest of your life as you were during the last 48 hours, would this be satisfactory? (Lifelong PASS). Disease severity, symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were collected.ResultsOf 140 patients, 74.3%, 70.0% and 85.7% expressed satisfaction with their current, future and lifelong skin psoriasis conditions respectively. A satisfactory PASS was significantly associated with older and married patients; lower disease severity; fewer skin symptoms; and a higher HRQoL. A multivariate analysis revealed that the independent factors associated with a satisfactory PASS were being older than 40 years, being married, practising meditation, not having extensive lesions at sensitive areas and having a high HRQoL.ConclusionsPASS is a simple and easily administered questionnaire that reflects both disease severity and HRQoL. Understanding patients' needs and satisfaction levels will result in better care for psoriatic patients than otherwise.
Preliminary assessment of the efficacy of nano–MgO–based dispersion for the consolidation of artificial weathered sandstone
Authors: Xie Lina , Chen Xue‐Qiang , Zhang Bingjian , Hu Yulan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe consolidation of weathered sandstone has been an important subject in cultural heritage conservation. Due to the loss of cementing materials, the structure of sandstone becomes loose, thus mechanical strength decreases dramatically. To restore cohesion between sand grains, a novel nano‐MgO‐based consolidant (MMH dispersion) is studied. In this paper, the MMH dispersions with different concentrations and number of applications are applied on artificial weathered sandstone specimen with trickling infiltration treatment to select the optimal consolidation method. The consolidation products that formed in the pores between sand grains are characterized through XRD analysis and SEM observation. The effectiveness of consolidation treatment is evaluated in terms of mechanical properties (i.e., compressive strength and surface hardness) and compatibility (i.e., color variation and capillary water absorption). Due to the formation of 5 Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O, sand grains are more effectively bonded. Therefore, the treated specimens experience a significant improvement in mechanical strength. Finally, the specimens are subjected to a salt crystallization test, the results of which show that the MMH consolidant increased the durability of the specimens. After treatment, the intermediate concentration of MMH consolidant with five applications reveals the best potential to act as a promising consolidation method for the conservation of the weathered sandstone.
Association of weekly or biweekly use of 50 000 IU vitamin D3 with hypervitaminosis D
Authors: Hashemipour Sima , Ghobadi Arefeh , Hadizadeh Khairkhah Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Ranjbaran Mehdi , Badri Milad , Ghafelehbashi Seyyed Hamidreza , Gheraati Maryam 
Published: December 2021

Since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, many Iranian people have been taking 50 000 IU of vitamin D3 on weekly or biweekly bases in order to enhance their immune system function. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on the patients of endocrinology clinic to compare 25(OH)D levels of weekly or biweekly consumption with the monthly users of vitamin D3 50 000 IU. The level >100 ng/mL of 25(OH)D was defined as hypervitaminosis D. In total, 211 patients (108 and 103 patients in monthly and weekly/biweekly groups, respectively) were studied. In the subgroups of weekly and biweekly users, the rates of hypervitaminosis were 18.9% and 4.5%, respectively. In contrast, only 0.9% of monthly users had hypervitaminosis D. The highest vitamin D value of 185 ng/mL was detected in a patient who had consumed 50 000 IU vitamin D3 weekly for 6 years. No hypercalcaemia was detected in patients with hypervitaminosis D.
Recruitment of lysosomal cathepsins B, L and D as digestive enzymes in Coleoptera
Authors: Silva Carlos P. , Dias Renata O. , Bernardes Vanessa , Barroso Ignacio G. , Cardoso Christiane , Ferreira Clelia , Terra Walter R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recruitment of the lysosomal cathepsins B (CAB), L (CAL) and D (CAD) as luminal digestive enzymes was investigated in 3 species of beetles. Gene expression was determined by RNA‐seq in different regions of the midgut and in the carcasses from the transcriptomes of Dermestes maculatus, Tenebrio molitor and Zabrotes subfasciatus. These data together with phylogenetic analyses, allowed us to identify the sequences of the gene coding for digestive and lysosomal CABs, CADs and CALs in T. molitor and Z. subfasciatus and observe the absence of digestive cathepsins in D. maculatus. Comparisons of structures based on the overall similarity of modelled structures were performed and subsite residues in the lysosomal and digestive CALs were identified by molecular docking. The data showed that S2 subsites are very variable, probably as an adaption to a luminal digestive role. The survey of sequences of the gene coding for cathepsins in the genomes of 13 beetle species from different phylogenetic groups showed that expansion of CAL and CAB genes occurred only in the Cucujiformia clade. Several digestive CABs have a reduced occluding loop, probably to act as digestive enzymes. Pollen‐feeding was proposed to be the selective pressure to recruit cathepsins as digestive enzymes in Cucujiformia beetles.
Selective isolation, antimicrobial screening and phylogenetic diversity of marine actinomycetes derived from the Coast of Bejaia City (Algeria), a polluted and microbiologically unexplored environment
Authors: Ouchene Rima , Intertaglia Laurent , Zaatout Nawel , Kecha Mouloud , Suzuki Marcelino T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The current study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of actinomycetes in the Coast of Bejaia City using selective isolation, as well as their bioactivity and phylogenitic diversity.

Methods and Results
Different selective media and methods were used, leading to the isolation of 103 actinomycete strains. The number of strains was influenced by isolation procedures and their interactions based on a three-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test, which revealed that using M2 medium, dilution of samples followed by moderate heat treatment, and sampling at 10–20 m yielded the highest numbers of actinomycetes. The isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms using agar and well diffusion methods. Of all the isolates, ten displayed activity against at least one Gram-positive bacterium, of which P21 showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis, with a diameter of 32, 28 and 25 mm respectively. Subsequently, active isolates were assigned to Streptomyces spp. and Nocardiopsis spp. based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, including a putative new Streptomyces species (S3). The phenotypic characteristics of the P21 strain were determined, and interesting enzymatic capacities were shown.

Conclusion
The recovery of actinomycetes along the Coast of Bejaia City was influenced by the isolation procedure. Ten strains displayed interesting antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, of which the P21 strain was selected as the most active strain.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This work provides a new insight into the occurrence of actinobacteria in the Coast of Bejaia. It suggests also that polluted environments such as Bejaia Bay could provide access to interesting actinomycetes as sources of antibiotic leads.
Explaining Sub‐Federal Variation in Trade Agreement Negotiations: The Case of CETA
Authors: Broschek Jörg , Goff Patricia M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSub‐federal units have emerged as increasingly important actors in international trade policy. This is puzzling as they usually have no formal competencies in this area. Using the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union as a case study, this article examines one key driver behind this development ‐ the provisions in new free trade agreements. The article conceptualizes such provisions as instances of negative and positive integration. We show that while the Canadian provinces largely supported both types of provisions, sub‐federal units in Belgium, Germany and Austria resisted unfettered liberalization through negative integration and market‐creating positive integration. At the same time, they demanded stronger market‐correcting positive integration measures. Three categories of sub‐federal interests explain these differences in motivation. The Canadian province's engagement was motivated by (regional) economic interests, whereas bureaucratic self‐interest and political interests mobilized sub‐federal units in the European federations.
Influence of photoperiod and protocol length on metabolic rate traits in ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta
Authors: Hvas Malthe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta were subjected to either a conventional 1‐day or an extended 5‐day respirometry protocol. Additionally, in the 5‐day protocol the fish were subjected to a 12 h light–dark cycle to assess the effects of photoperiods on metabolic rates (ṀO2). Diurnal patterns in routine and resting ṀO2 were not observed, suggesting that circadian rhythms in metabolism largely are driven by activity patterns rather than being of endogenous origin. Moreover, lack of a detectable circadian ṀO2 may be an adaptation to lower costs of living in ballan wrasse. Protocol length influenced standard metabolic rates (SMR) where estimates decreased by 13% and 17% when using 48 h and 5 days, respectively, compared to 24 h. The maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and the derived absolute aerobic scope (MMR‐SMR) were unaffected by protocol length. However, factorial scopes (MMR/SMR) were reduced from 8.5 to 6.4 in the 5‐day protocol, showing that factorial scopes are more sensitive to how SMR are obtained. The critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) was reduced from 15% PO2 in the 1‐day group to 11% PO2 in the 5‐day group. However, ṀO2 in response to decreasing PO2 was similar, which together with a similar oxygen extraction coefficient, α (ṀO2/PO2), suggested that the higher Pcrit in the 1‐day group was an artefact of overestimating SMR. Finally, α was 12% lower at MMR compared to at Pcrit, which either means that MMR was underestimated in proportion to this difference or that α is not constant in the entire PO2 range. In summary, this study found that a conventional 1‐day respirometry protocol may overestimate SMR and thereby alter the derived Pcrit and aerobic scope, while α is unaffected by protocol length. Moreover, alternating light conditions in the absence of other stressors did not influence ṀO2 in ballan wrasse.