bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Evolution of Long-Lived Supercell Thunderstorms in the Great Plains
Authors: Davenport Casey E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLong-lived supercells (containing mesocyclones persisting for at least 4 hours) are relatively rare, but present significant risk for society as a result of their intensity and associated hazards over an extended time period. The persistence of a rotating updraft is tied to near-storm environmental characteristics; however, given the established prevalence of mesoscale environmental heterogeneity near severe convection, it is unknown to what extent those near-storm characteristics vary over the lifetime of a supercell, nor how quickly the storm responds to such changes. This study examines 147 long-lived, isolated supercells, focusing on the evolution of their near-storm environments using model analysis soundings generated each hour throughout the storm’s lifetime. Environmental variability is quantified via a series of common forecasting parameters, with impacts of measured changes related to production of severe weather and overall storm longevity. The diurnal and maturity-relative distributions of forecasting parameters are examined, along with comparisons among subsets of marginally vs. very long-lived supercells, as well as dissipation before vs. after sunset. The diurnal cycle is a dominant trend over the lifetime of all supercells, with attendant impacts to relevant thermodynamic and kinematic parameters, timing of storm initiation and dissipation, as well as severe weather production. Notably, changes in the near-storm environment are connected to supercell longevity and generation of severe weather reports. The long-term goal of the above analyses is to enhance short-term forecasts of supercells by better anticipating storm evolution as a result of environmental variations.
Intermediate Invasive Fungal Sinusitis, a Distinct Entity From Acute Fulminant and Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Burnham Andre J. , Magliocca Kelly R. , Pettitt-Schieber Brian , Edwards Thomas S. , Marcus Sonya , DelGaudio John M. , Wise Sarah K. , Levy Joshua M. , Roland Lauren T. 
Published: October 2021

Background: The current classification system of invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) includes acute (aIFS) and chronic (cIFS) phenotypes. Both phenotypes display histopathologic evidence of tissue necrosis, but differ by presence of angioinvasion, extent of necrosis, and disease progression. aIFS is defined by a rapid onset of symptoms, while cIFS slowly progresses over ≥12 weeks. However, a subset of IFS patients do not fit into the clinical presentation and histopathologic characteristics of either aIFS or cIFS. Objectives: To investigate the demographic, clinical, and histopathologic characteristics of a distinct subset of IFS. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with IFS from a single tertiary-care institution (2010-2020). Patients with symptoms for ≤4 weeks were classified as aIFS if they displayed endoscopic evidence of mucosal necrosis or fungal angioinvasion on pathology. Patients with slowly progressive IFS for ≥12 weeks were classified as cIFS. Patients with symptom duration between 4 and 12 weeks with evidence of invasive fungal disease were classified as a new entity and were further investigated. Results: Of the 8 patients identified, 50% were immunosuppressed at presentation. The mean symptom duration prior to presentation was 50.5 days (SD 16.8), and common symptoms included facial pain (100%), vision change (87.5%), and blindness (37.5%). Two patients (25%) died of their disease. Sites of fungal involvement confirmed by histopathology included sphenoid (62.5%) and ethmoid sinuses (12.5%), orbital apex (25%), optic nerve (12.5%), pterygopalatine fossa (12.5%), and clivus (12.5%). Fungal elements but without obvious angioinvasion, were identified in all specimens, and fungus balls (50%), granulomas (37.5%), and giant cells (25%) were also observed on histopathology. CT and MRI radiographic imaging showed findings consistent with orbital, intracranial, or skull base involvement in all patients. Conclusion: We propose intermediate IFS as a new subgroup of patients with IFS who do not fit into the standard classification of aIFS or cIFS.
Randomized Trials of Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Psychogenic Seizures: Scoping Review
Authors: Haritsa Sneha Vinay , Reddy Kalapalli Jayasankara , Rafiq Aeiman , Gupta Meghna 
Published: October 2021

Background: Psychotherapy improves seizure frequency and psychosocial aspects in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different psychotherapies have been conducted for almost two decades now, no review has exclusively assessed RCTs of different psychotherapies. Methods: The objective was to review RCTs of psychotherapy for PNES, to understand the impact of different psychotherapies. Eligibility criteria included full-text articles, English articles, published between years 2000 and 2020, randomized trials of psychotherapy, and the adult population. Databases included PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and a random google search was conducted. Rayyan software was used to include articles that met our eligibility criteria. The search was carried out independently by two researchers Results: Based on the eligibility criteria, seven studies were found. Amongst them, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was the most researched and seemed more effective when paired with standard medical care (SMC) or sertraline. Comparisons of CBT and brief psychodynamic therapy did not reveal significant differences. Other psychotherapies included motivational interview+psychotherapy, which significantly reduced seizure frequency and improved psychosocial functioning. Paradoxical intention therapy also reduced PNES symptoms; however, it has not been researched in the last 15 years. Group psychoeducation seems to have an impact only on psychosocial functioning and not on seizure frequency. Conclusion: CBT paired with SMC or sertraline and MI along with psychotherapy yields the most effective results for PNES in reducing seizure frequency and improving psychosocial functioning.
A knowledge broker facilitated intervention to improve the use of standardized assessment tools by physical therapists: A cluster randomized trial
Authors: Romney W. , Salbach N.M. , Parrott J.S. , Ward I.G. , Deutsch J.E. 
Published: October 2021

Objective To compare two methods of knowledge broker support to improve standardized assessment use. Design Two-site cluster randomized trial. Setting Acute rehabilitation hospital. Participants 18 physical therapists. Intervention A 10-month intervention was collaboratively designed with an external knowledge broker and physical therapists to compare full and partial implementation support. The knowledge broker provided education and strategies for implementation to the fully supported group and recommended strategies to the partially supported group that they self-implemented. Measurement Chart audit data documenting frequency of use was extracted at four timepoints. Ten focus groups were conducted to describe factors that influenced use. Focus group data were coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and rated as barriers and facilitators for standardized assessment use. Results For the fully supported group, standardized assessment use at initial examination increased from 0% to 58.3% at month 2 and decreased to 17.6% and 11.8% at months 4 and 8–10. For the partially supported group, standardized assessment use increased from 0% to 46% and 50% at month 2 and 4 and decreased to 2.8% at months 8–10. For both groups, early use was seen multiple facilitators. At month 10, barriers included organizational changes that impacted intervention fit. In addition, the fully supported group didn't value the selected standardized assessment and the partially supported group lacked space. Conclusions Knowledge broker support improved both groups standardized assessment use early on, but it was not sustained. The amount of support could not be isolated as factors that influenced use varied by groups.
A Machine Learning Analysis of Queries Related to Blepharoplasty
Authors: Dhanda Aatin K. , Tseng Christopher C. , Gao Jeff , Talmor Guy , Paskhover Boris 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Blepharoplasty is a commonly performed cosmetic procedure which can help reduce age-related changes around the eyes. Like other surgical procedures, patient satisfaction is highly correlated with physician responsiveness to questions. As social media becomes more popular, patients are increasingly turning to online sources of information such as Realself.com , a website where patients can ask questions to verified physicians. We extracted and analyzed blepharoplasty-related questions on Realself to gain greater understanding of commonly asked pre- and postoperative questions. Materials and Methods: A Web crawler was used to gather the text for each question under the search term “eyelid surgery.” Questions were individually assigned by the authors to respective pre- or postoperative categories. Preoperative categories included eligibility for surgery, nonsurgical options, potential adverse effects, surgeon recommendations, surgical techniques and logistics, ability to pursue other surgeries following blepharoplasty, cost, and miscellaneous. Postoperative question categories included symptoms after surgery, appearance, behavior allowed/disallowed, options to revise surgery, and miscellaneous. Machine learning was then utilized to establish the most common pre- and postoperative questions. Results: 2009 blepharoplasty questions were extracted in total. A total of 60.93% of questions were preoperative related and 39.07% of questions were postoperative related. Preoperative questions were predominantly about eligibility for surgery (43.85%), while the majority of postoperative question were related to symptoms after surgery (17.42%) and appearance (10.80%). Machine learning analysis showed that most preoperative questions inquired about the possibility of correcting specific features, whereas most postoperative questions focused on resolving complications following surgery. Conclusion: As health information becomes more prevalent online, our results underscore the need for greater awareness about frequently asked questions to help surgeons preemptively address patient concerns about blepharoplasty. Our 10 most common questions can be used in the clinical setting as a patient educational handout to augment the preoperative experience.
Choosing and changing the analysis scale in non-inferiority trials with a binary outcome
Authors: Li Zhong , Quartagno Matteo , Böhringer Stefan , van Geloven Nan 
Published: October 2021

Background The size of the margin strongly influences the required sample size in non-inferiority and equivalence trials. What is sometimes ignored, however, is that for trials with binary outcomes, the scale of the margin – risk difference, risk ratio or odds ratio – also has a large impact on power and thus on sample size requirement. When considering several scales at the design stage of a trial, these sample size consequences should be taken into account. Sometimes, changing the scale may be needed at a later stage of a trial, for example, when the event proportion in the control arm turns out different from expected. Also after completion of a trial, a switch to another scale is sometimes made, for example, when using a regression model in a secondary analysis or when combining study results in a meta-analysis that requires unifying scales. The exact consequences of such switches are currently unknown. Methods and Results This article first outlines sample size consequences for different choices of analysis scale at the design stage of a trial. We add a new result on sample size requirement comparing the risk difference scale with the risk ratio scale. Then, we study two different approaches to changing the analysis scale after the trial has commenced: (1) mapping the original non-inferiority margin using the event proportion in the control arm that was anticipated at the design stage or (2) mapping the original non-inferiority margin using the observed event proportion in the control arm. We use simulations to illustrate consequences on type I and type II error rates. Methods are illustrated on the INES trial, a non-inferiority trial that compared single birth rates in subfertile couples after different fertility treatments. Our results demonstrate large differences in required sample size when choosing between risk difference, risk ratio and odds ratio scales at the design stage of non-inferiority trials. In some cases, the sample size requirement is twice as large on one scale compared with another. Changing the scale after commencing the trial using anticipated proportions mainly impacts type II error rate, whereas switching using observed proportions is not advised due to not maintaining type I error rate. Differences were more pronounced with larger margins. Conclusions Trialists should be aware that the analysis scale can have large impact on type I and type II error rates in non-inferiority trials.
Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer to restore shoulder abduction in patients with deltoid paralysis: A novel technique
Authors: Moharram Ashraf N , Afifi Ahmed , Abdel-Wahed Mohamed , Ezzat Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

Background Shoulder abduction is an essential movement for placement of the hand in space and thus for upper limb function. The objective of this study was to introduce and test the effectiveness of a new technique of latissimus dorsi tendon transfer to deltoid insertion to restore shoulder abduction. Methods We prospectively included 10 male patients with a lost deltoid function. Their mean age was 34.6 years (range, 25−46). We describe a new technique to compensate for the loss of the deltoid function using a latissimus dorsi tendon transfer augmented with a semitendinosus tendon graft. The tendon graft is passed over the acromion and attached to the anatomical deltoid insertion. Postoperatively, a shoulder spica in 90° abduction was used for six weeks followed by physiotherapy. Results Patients were followed up for a mean of 25.4 months (range, 12–48). The mean range of active shoulder abduction rose to 110° (range, 90–140°) with a mean gain of 83° of abduction. Conclusions This procedure can be a useful technique for restoration of a significant range and strength of active shoulder abduction.
Screw-Tip Augmented Locked Plating Versus Primary Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Displaced Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study With a Mean Follow-Up of 39 Months
Authors: Siebenbürger Georg , Fleischhacker Evi , Stumpf Ulla , Helfen Tobias , Böcker Wolfgang , Ockert Ben 
Published: October 2021

Introduction This study compared the clinical and radiologic outcomes of screw-tip augmented locking plate osteosynthesis (STA) vs primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in elderly patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures. Methods 60 patients (age >65 years) with a displaced proximal humeral fracture underwent open reduction and internal fixation with locking plate and fluoroscopy controlled screw-tip augmentation. Sixty matched individuals (age, gender, fracture pattern, and mean follow-up) treated by RSA for fractures were identified from the institutional database and outcomes as well as occurring complications and need for revision surgery were compared. Results At 39 months’ follow-up, 25 patients in the STA group (mean age 74.5 ± 12 years, 76.7% woman) showed a mean Constant Score (CS) of 68 ± 18.8 points. Mean %CS compared to the contralateral side was 81.6 ± 19.8%. Of 60 matched individuals in the RSA group, 22 patients (mean age 78.9 ± 8.2 years, 76.7% woman) showed a mean CS of 60.6 ± 21.2 points (P = .33), and the mean %CS compared to the contralateral side was 81.6 (74.7 ± 18.6)% (P = .14). The overall complication rate in STA group was 32% (secondary varus or valgus displacement >10°, n = 4, avascular necrosis, n = 4). In RSA group, the overall complication rate was 4.5% (P = <.05). We observed one early onset infection. Revision surgery with removal of the prosthesis and PMMA spacer implantation for two-stage revision was necessary. The follow-up rate was 41.7 vs 36.7%. Conclusions Screw-tip augmented locked plating and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty result in comparable satisfying functional outcome 3 years following a displaced proximal humeral fracture in elderly patients. However, we noted a higher complication and revision rate in the STA group. In contrast, primary reversed shoulder arthroplasty resulted in a lower rate of complications and revisions, which may be beneficial in elderly patients.
Identification and response analysis of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTH) family to fluoride and aluminum treatment in Camellia sinensis
Authors: Wu Zichen , Cui Chuanlei , Xing Anqi , Xu Xiaohan , Sun Yi , Tian Zhiqiang , Li Xuyan , Zhu Jiangyuan , Wang Genmei , Wang Yuhua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTH) can disrupt and reconnect the xyloglucan chains, modify the cellulose-xyloglucan complex structure in the cell wall to reconstruct the cell wall. Previous studies have reported that XTH plays a key role in the aluminum (Al) tolerance of tea plants (Camellia sinensis), which is a typical plant that accumulates Al and fluoride (F), but its role in F resistance has not been reported.

Results
Here, 14 CsXTH genes were identified from C. sinensis and named as CsXTH1–14. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that CsXTH members were divided into 3 subclasses, and conserved motif analysis showed that all these members included catalytic active region. Furthermore, the expressions of all CsXTH genes showed tissue-specific and were regulated by Al3+ and F− treatments. CsXTH1, CsXTH4, CsXTH6–8 and CsXTH11–14 were up-regulated under Al3+ treatments; CsXTH1–10 and CsXTH12–14 responded to different concentrations of F− treatments. The content of xyloglucan oligosaccharide determined by immunofluorescence labeling increased to the highest level at low concentrations of Al3+ or F− treatments (0.4 mM Al3+ or 8 mg/L F−), accompanying by the activity of XET (Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase) peaked.

Conclusion
In conclusion, CsXTH activities were regulated by Al or F via controlling the expressions of CsXTH genes and the content of xyloglucan oligosaccharide in C. sinensis roots was affected by Al or F, which might finally influence the elongation of roots and the growth of plants.
Comparison of causative microorganisms of posttraumatic endophthalmitis with and without retained intraocular foreign bodies
Authors: Yang Yao , Mei Feng , Lin Jiaqi , Liao Jingyu , Wu Kaili , Duan Fang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The goals of this work were to report the demographic characteristics of patients with clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis with or without intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) and to analyze the causative microorganisms.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1257 patients with clinically diagnosed posttraumatic endophthalmitis who were admitted to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 1, 2013, and August 31, 2020.

Results
Of the 1257 patients with clinically diagnosed posttraumatic endophthalmitis, 452 (36.0%) patients had IOFBs. Male dominance was more common among the patients with IOFBs than the patients without IOFBs. The average age of the patients with IOFBs was older than that of the patients without IOFBs. The most common microbial pathogens in these two groups were Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. Gram-positive bacilli were more common in the patients with IOFBs than in those without IOFBs (17.9 vs. 9.4%), and Bacillus spp. accounted for 12.6 and 5.5%, respectively. Fungi were less abundant in the patients with IOFBs than in those without IOFBs (8.0 vs. 15.6%).

Conclusions
Patients with IOFBs were mostly male and older than those without IOFBs. Gram-positive bacilli were more common and fungi were less common in patients with IOFBs than in those without IOFBs.
Phenotypic spectrum and genetics of PAX2-related disorder in the Chinese cohort
Authors: Yang Xue , Li Yaqi , Fang Ye , Shi Hua , Xiang Tianchao , Liu Jiaojiao , Liu Jialu , Tang Xiaoshan , Fang Xiaoyan , Chen Jing , Zhai Yihui , Shen Qian , Bi Yunli , Qian Yanyan , Wu Bingbing , Wang Huijun , Zhou Wenhao , Ma Duan , Bai Haitao , Mao Jianhua , Chen Lizhi , Wang Xiaowen , Gao Xiaojie , Zhang Ruifeng , Zhuang Jieqiu , Zhang Aihua , Jiang Xiaoyun , Xu Hong , Rao Jia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Pathogenic variants of PAX2 cause autosomal-dominant PAX2-related disorder, which includes variable phenotypes ranging from renal coloboma syndrome (RCS), congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) to nephrosis. Phenotypic variability makes it difficult to define the phenotypic spectrum associated with genotype.

Methods
We collected the phenotypes in patients enrolled in the China national multicenter registry who were diagnosed with pathogenic variant in PAX2 and reviewed all published cases with PAX2-related disorders. We conducted a phenotype-based cluster analysis by variant types and molecular modeling of the structural impact of missense variants.

Results
Twenty different PAX2 pathogenic variants were identified in 32 individuals (27 families) with a diagnosis of RCS (9), CAKUT (11) and nephrosis (12) from the Chinese cohort. Individuals with abnormal kidney structure (RCS or CAKUT group) tended to have likely/presumed gene disruptive (LGD) variants (Fisher test, p < 0.05). A system review of 234 reported cases to date indicated a clear association of RCS to heterozygous loss-of-function PAX2 variants (LGD variants). Furthermore, we identified a subset of PAX2 missense variants in DNA-binding domain predicted to affect the protein structure or protein-DNA interaction associated with the phenotype of RCS.

Conclusion
Defining the phenotypic spectrum combined with genotype in PAX2-related disorder allows us to predict the pathogenic variants associated with renal and ophthalmological development. It highlighted the approach of structure-based analysis can be applied to diagnostic strategy aiding precise and timely diagnosis.