bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological and Physiological Effects of Imagery Rescripting for Aversive Autobiographical Memories
Authors: Strohm Miriam , Siegesleitner Marena , Kunze Anna E. , Werner Gabriela G. , Ehring Thomas , Wittekind Charlotte E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a promising intervention to reduce symptoms associated with aversive memories, but little is known about its working mechanisms. The present study investigates whether ImRs increases perceived mastery and attenuates emotional reactivity to memory retrieval on a subjective and physiological level.

Methods
Seventy-nine individuals reporting memories of distressing real-life events were randomly allocated to ImRs, positive imagery (PI), or no-intervention control (NIC). The memory was reactivated before the intervention and at 1-week follow-up to assess subjective measures and physiological reactivity (heart rate [HR], skin conductance level [SCL], and facial electromyography activity [EMG]) during memory retrieval.

Results
ImRs was superior to PI and NIC on subjective memory distress and helplessness, but not on other emotions. ImRs did not exceed PI and NIC in reducing state stress symptoms or increasing perceived mastery. Physiological reactivity (HR, EMG) decreased from pre-intervention to follow-up with no differences between groups.

Conclusions
Positive effects of ImRs on helplessness and distress were found. Null findings regarding mastery might result from timing of its assessment or the fact that rather high-functioning participants were included. The lack of between group differences on physiological responses indicates that ImRs did not exceed habituation effects in the present sample.
The association between meat and fish consumption and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies
Authors: Dianatinasab Mostafa , Wesselius Anke , de Loeij Tessa , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Yu Evan Y. W. , Fararouei Mohammad , Brinkman Maree , van den Brandt Piet , White Emily , Weiderpass Elisabete , Le Calvez-Kelm Florence , Gunter Marc J. , Huybrechts Inge , Liedberg Fredrik , Skeie Guri , Tjonneland Anne , Riboli Elio , Zeegers Maurice P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvidence on the effects of meat consumption from different sources on the risk of bladder cancer (BC) is limited and controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between meat consumption and BC risk using a pooled data approach. Individual data from 11 prospective cohorts comprising 2848 BC cases and 515,697 non-cases with a total of 5,498,025 person-years of follow-up was pooled and analysed to investigate the potential associations between total red meat and products, red meat, processed meat, poultry and total fish and BC risk. Hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using Cox regression models stratified on cohort. Overall, an increased BC risk was found for high intake of organ meat (HR comparing highest with lowest tertile: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.36, p-trend = 0.03). On the contrary, a marginally inverse association was observed for total fish intake and BC risk among men (HR comparing highest with lowest tertile: 0.79, 95% CI 0.65, 0.97, p-trend = 0.04). No associations were observed for other meat sources. Results of this prospective study suggest that organ meat consumption may be associated with BC development. Replication in large-scale prospective studies and investigation of possible causal mechanisms is needed.
Hidden in plain sight: a molecular field survey of three wheat leaf blotch fungal diseases in North-Western Europe shows co-infection is widespread
Authors: Justesen Annemarie Fejer , Corsi Beatrice , Ficke Andrea , Hartl Lorenz , Holdgate Sarah , Jørgensen Lise Nistrup , Lillemo Morten , Lin Min , Mackay Ian J. , Mohler Volker , Stadlmeier Melanie , Tan Kar-Chun , Turner Judith , Oliver Richard P. , Cockram James 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields are commonly affected by foliar infection by fungal pathogens. Of these, three wheat leaf blotch fungal diseases, septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), tan spot (TS) and septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Parastagonospora nodorum (Pn), Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) and Zymoseptoria tritici (Zt), respectively, induce major yield losses. Infection results in necrotic areas on the leaf, and it is often difficult to determine the underlying causative pathogen from visible symptoms alone, especially in mixed infections. Here, a regional survey of 330 wheat samples collected across three seasons (years 2015–2017) from four north-west European countries was undertaken. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays specific for each pathogen, as well as disease assessment of leaf materials, distinct regional differences were identified. Two-thirds (65%) of all samples harbored at least two of the three pathogens. Norway had high SNB abundance, but also showed mixed infections of SNB, TS and STB. In Germany, TS was prevalent, with STB also common. Danish samples commonly possessed all three pathogens, with STB prevalent, followed by TS and SNB. The UK had a major prevalence of STB with minimal occurrence of TS and SNB. Across all samples, qPCR identified Zt, Pn and Ptr in 90%, 54% and 57% of samples, respectively. For each pathogen, average disease levels via visual assessment showed modest positive correlation with fungal DNA concentrations (R2 = 0.13–0.32). Overall, our study highlights that the occurrence of mixed infection is common and widespread, with important implications for wheat disease management and breeding strategies.
Trapped in inactivity? Social assistance and labour supply in Austria
Authors: Christl Michael , De Poli Silvia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFinancial incentives affect the labour supply decisions of households. However, the impact usually varies significantly across household types. Whilst there is a substantial amount of literature on the labour supply effects of tax reforms and in-work benefits, the impact of changes in social assistance benefits has received less attention. This paper analyses labour supply responses to changes in social assistance. We show that labour supply elasticities vary substantially across gender and household type. Women exhibit higher labour supply elasticities, both on the intensive and the extensive margins. Additionally, labour supply elasticities are typically higher for singles and for households with children. Using these results, we analyse the impact of the Austrian reform proposal “Neue Sozialhilfe” (New Social Assistance), which was introduced in 2019 and substantially cut social assistance benefits for migrants and families with children. The overall effects of the reform are especially strong for men and migrants. Migrants and couples with children, that is, the groups hardest hit by the reform’s social assistance reductions, show the strongest labour supply reactions to the New Social Assistance. Furthermore, we show that overall, the reform is expected to have a positive, but small, effect on the intensive margin of labour supply.
Barriers and Facilitators for Implementation of Individualized Fire Safety (IFS) in Sweden
Authors: Gustavsson Johanna , Carlsson Gunilla , McNamee Margaret S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 2010, the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) announced a “vision zero” of zero fire deaths in Sweden by 2050. Studies into fire deaths have identified that certain risk groups, including but not limited to older people, are overrepresented in fire death statistics in Sweden. The MSB has developed guidelines for how individualised fire safety (IFS) can be implemented in local communities for risk groups, in support of their vision zero for fire deaths. This paper presents the results of an interview study with a selection of Swedish municipalities to further explore how municipalities are working with IFS programs for community dwelling older people. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research has been used to analyse data developed through semi-structured interviews, from an analysis of the delegation of authority from MSB to local level and assessment of secondary documentation from national, regional and local organisations. The analysis has identified that IFS has, indeed, been implemented to varying degrees in Sweden, but that there are both facilitators and barriers which can be further leveraged to improve the implementation of IFS in the future.
Symplectic Quantization II: Dynamics of Space–Time Quantum Fluctuations and the Cosmological Constant
Authors: Gradenigo Giacomo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe symplectic quantization scheme proposed for matter scalar fields in the companion paper (Gradenigo and Livi, arXiv:2101.02125, 2021) is generalized here to the case of space–time quantum fluctuations. That is, we present a new formalism to frame the quantum gravity problem. Inspired by the stochastic quantization approach to gravity, symplectic quantization considers an explicit dependence of the metric tensor $$g_{\mu \nu }$$

g

μ
ν

on an additional time variable, named intrinsic time at variance with the coordinate time of relativity, from which it is different. The physical meaning of intrinsic time, which is truly a parameter and not a coordinate, is to label the sequence of $$g_{\mu \nu }$$

g

μ
ν

quantum fluctuations at a given point of the four-dimensional space–time continuum. For this reason symplectic quantization necessarily incorporates a new degree of freedom, the derivative $${\dot{g}}_{\mu \nu }$$

g
˙

μ
ν

of the metric field with respect to intrinsic time, corresponding to the conjugated momentum $$\pi _{\mu \nu }$$

π

μ
ν

. Our proposal is to describe the quantum fluctuations of gravity by means of a symplectic dynamics generated by a generalized action functional $${\mathcal {A}}[g_{\mu \nu },\pi _{\mu \nu }] = {\mathcal {K}}[g_{\mu \nu },\pi _{\mu \nu }] - S[g_{\mu \nu }]$$

A

[

g

μ
ν

,

π

μ
ν

]

=
K

[

g

μ
ν

,

π

μ
ν

]

-
S

[

g

μ
ν

]

, playing formally the role of a Hamilton function, where $$S[g_{\mu \nu }]$$

S
[

g

μ
ν

]

is the standard Einstein–Hilbert action while $${\mathcal {K}}[g_{\mu \nu },\pi _{\mu \nu }]$$

K
[

g

μ
ν

,

π

μ
ν

]

is a new term including the kinetic degrees of freedom of the field. Such an action allows us to define an ensemble for the quantum fluctuations of $$g_{\mu \nu }$$

g

μ
ν

analogous to the microcanonical one in statistical mechanics, with the only difference that in the present case one has conservation of the generalized action $${\mathcal {A}}[g_{\mu \nu },\pi _{\mu \nu }]$$

A
[

g

μ
ν

,

π

μ
ν

]

and not of energy. Since the Einstein–Hilbert action $$S[g_{\mu \nu }]$$

S
[

g

μ
ν

]

plays the role of a potential term in the new pseudo-Hamiltonian formalism, it can fluctuate along the symplectic action-preserving dynamics. These fluctuations are the quantum fluctuations of $$g_{\mu \nu }$$

g

μ
ν

. Finally, we show how the standard path-integral approach to gravity can be obtained as an approximation of the symplectic quantization approach. By doing so we explain how the integration over the conjugated momentum field $$\pi _{\mu \nu }$$

π

μ
ν

gives rise to a cosmological constant term in the path-integral approach.
Two novel mutations in PADI6 and TLE6 genes cause female infertility due to arrest in embryonic development
Authors: Liu Juan , Tan Zongjian , He Jun , Jin Tingting , Han Yuanyuan , Hu Li , Huang Shengwen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify genetic causes of female infertility associated with recurrent failure of assisted reproductive technology (ART) characterized by embryonic developmental arrest.

Methods
We recruited infertile patients from two consanguineous families from the Reproductive Medicine Center of Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital. Peripheral blood was collected for genomic DNA extraction. Two affected individuals and their family members were performed with whole-exome sequencing and Sanger validation in order to identify possible causative genes. For further analyzing the effect of splicing mutation on mRNA integrity in vivo, TLE6 cDNA from the peripheral blood lymphocyte of the affected individual was sequenced. In addition, the possible impact of the pathogenic mutation on the structure and function of the protein were also assessed.

Results
Two novel homozygous mutations in the peptidylarginine deiminase type VI (PADI6) and the transducin-like enhancer of split 6 (TLE6) genes were identified in the two families. One patient carried the frameshift deletion mutation c.831_832del:p.S278Pfs*59 of the PADI6 gene and the other patient carried the splicing mutation c.1245-2 A>G of the TLE6 gene. The analysis of the mRNA from the proband’s peripheral blood leukocytes confirmed aberrant splicing.

Conclusions
Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of PADI6 and TLE6 associated with embryonic developmental arrest and deepen our understanding of the genetic causes of infertility with recurrent ART failure.
On the Use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Monitoring and Forecasting Natural Hazards
Authors: Bernardi Mara S. , Africa Pasquale C. , de Falco Carlo , Formaggia Luca , Menafoglio Alessandra , Vantini Simone 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in satellite technologies, statistical and mathematical models, and computational resources have paved the way for operational use of satellite data in monitoring and forecasting natural hazards. We present a review of the use of satellite data for Earth observation in the context of geohazards preventive monitoring and disaster evaluation and assessment. We describe the techniques exploited to extract ground displacement information from satellite radar sensor images and the applicability of such data to the study of natural hazards such as landslides, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and ground subsidence. In this context, statistical techniques, ranging from time series analysis to spatial statistics, as well as continuum or discrete physics-based models, adopting deterministic or stochastic approaches, are irreplaceable tools for modeling and simulating natural hazards scenarios from a mathematical perspective. In addition to this, the huge amount of data collected nowadays and the complexity of the models and methods needed for an effective analysis set new computational challenges. The synergy among statistical methods, mathematical models, and optimized software, enriched with the assimilation of satellite data, is essential for building predictive and timely monitoring models for risk analysis.
Exploring Multiple‐discreteness in Freight Transport. A Multiple Discrete Extreme Value Model Application for Grain Consolidators in Argentina
Authors: Tapia Rodrigo J. , de Jong Gerard , Larranaga Ana M. , Bettella Cybis Helena B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are some examples where freight choices may be of a multiple discrete nature, especially the ones at more tactical levels of planning. Nevertheless, this has not been investigated in the literature, although several discrete-continuous models for mode/vehicle type and shipment size choice have been developed in freight transport. In this work, we propose that the decision of port and mode of the grain consolidators in Argentina is of a discrete-continuous nature, where they can choose more than one alternative and how much of their production to send by each mode. The Multiple Discrete Extreme Value Model (MDCEV) framework was applied to a stated preference data set with a response variable that allowed this multiple-discreteness. To our knowledge, this is the only application of the MDCEV in regional freight context. Free alongside ship price, freight transport cost, lead-time and travel time were included in the utility function and observed and random heterogeneity was captured by the interaction with the consolidator’s characteristics and random coefficients. In addition, different discrete choice models were used to compare the forecasting performance, willingness to pay measures and structure of the utility function against.
Prevalence of Nelson’s syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy in patients with cushing’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Papakokkinou Eleni , Piasecka Marta , Carlsen Hanne Krage , Chantzichristos Dimitrios , Olsson Daniel S. , Dahlqvist Per , Petersson Maria , Berinder Katarina , Bensing Sophie , Höybye Charlotte , Engström Britt Edén , Burman Pia , Follin Cecilia , Petranek David , Erfurth Eva Marie , Wahlberg Jeanette , Ekman Bertil , Åkerman Anna-Karin , Schwarcz Erik , Johannsson Gudmundur , Falhammar Henrik , Ragnarsson Oskar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeBilateral adrenalectomy (BA) still plays an important role in the management of Cushing's disease (CD). Nelson’s syndrome (NS) is a severe complication of BA, but conflicting data on its prevalence and predicting factors have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NS, and identify factors associated with its development.Data sourcesSystematic literature search in four databases.Study SelectionObservational studies reporting the prevalence of NS after BA in adult patients with CD.Data extractionData extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by three independent investigators.Data synthesisThirty-six studies, with a total of 1316 CD patients treated with BA, were included for the primary outcome. Pooled prevalence of NS was 26% (95% CI 22–31%), with moderate to high heterogeneity (I267%,P < 0.01). The time from BA to NS varied from 2 months to 39 years. The prevalence of NS in the most recently published studies, where magnet resonance imaging was used, was 38% (95% CI 27–50%). The prevalence of treatment for NS was 21% (95% CI 18–26%). Relative risk for NS was not significantly affected by prior pituitary radiotherapy [0.9 (95% CI 0.5–1.6)] or pituitary surgery [0.6 (95% CI 0.4–1.0)].ConclusionsEvery fourth patient with CD treated with BA develops NS, and every fifth patient requires pituitary-specific treatment. The risk of NS may persist for up to four decades after BA. Life-long follow-up is essential for early detection and adequate treatment of NS.
Improving photosynthesis to increase grain yield potential: an analysis of maize hybrids released in different years in China
Authors: Yan Yanyan , Hou Peng , Duan Fengying , Niu Li , Dai Tingbo , Wang Keru , Zhao Ming , Li Shaokun , Zhou Wenbin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, we sought to understand how breeding has affected photosynthesis and to identify key photosynthetic indices that are important for increasing maize yield in the field. Our 2-year (2017–2018) field experiment used five high-yielding hybrid maize cultivars (generated in the 1970s, 2000s, and 2010s) and was conducted in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. We investigated the effects of planting density on maize grain yield, photosynthetic parameters, respiration, and chlorophyll content, under three planting density regimens: 75,000, 105,000, and 135,000 plants ha−1. Our results showed that increasing planting density to the medium level (105,000 plants ha−1) significantly increased grain yield (Y) up to 20.32% compared to the low level (75,000 plants ha−1). However, further increasing planting density to 135,000 plants ha−1 did not lead to an additional increase in yield, with some cultivars actually exhibiting an opposite trend. Interestingly, no significant changes in photosynthetic rate, dark respiration, stomatal density, and aperture were observed upon increasing planting density. Moreover, our experiments revealed a positive correlation between grain yield and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) upon the hybrid release year. Compared to other cultivars, the higher grain yield obtained in DH618 resulted from a higher 1000-kernel weight (TKW), which can be explained by a longer photosynthetic duration, a higher chlorophyll content, and a lower ratio of chlorophyll a/b. Moreover, we found that a higher leaf area per plant and the leaf area index (HI) do not necessarily result in an improvement in maize yield. Taken together, we demonstrated that higher photosynthetic capacity, longer photosynthetic duration, suitable LAI, and higher chlorophyll content with lower chlorophyll a/b ratio are important factors for obtaining high-yielding maize cultivars and can be used for the improvement of maize crop yield.
China’s Mars Exploration Mission and Science Investigation
Authors: Li Chunlai , Zhang Rongqiao , Yu Dengyun , Dong Guangliang , Liu Jianjun , Geng Yan , Sun Zezhou , Yan Wei , Ren Xin , Su Yan , Zuo Wei , Zhang Tielong , Cao Jinbin , Fang Guangyou , Yang Jianfeng , Shu Rong , Lin Yangting , Zou Yongliao , Liu Dawei , Liu Bin , Kong Deqing , Zhu Xinying , Ouyang Ziyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChina’s first Mars exploration mission (HuoXing-1) has been named as ‘Tianwen-1’ meaning Heaven Inquiry. Tianwen-1 was launched on July 23, 2020. In this paper, the scientific objectives of earlier and current Mars exploration missions worldwide are reviewed, and the scientific objectives, payloads and preliminary scientific investigation plan of China’s first Mars exploration mission are introduced, and expected scientific achievements are analyzed.
A two-stage Bayesian semiparametric model for novelty detection with robust prior information
Authors: Denti Francesco , Cappozzo Andrea , Greselin Francesca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNovelty detection methods aim at partitioning the test units into already observed and previously unseen patterns. However, two significant issues arise: there may be considerable interest in identifying specific structures within the novelty, and contamination in the known classes could completely blur the actual separation between manifest and new groups. Motivated by these problems, we propose a two-stage Bayesian semiparametric novelty detector, building upon prior information robustly extracted from a set of complete learning units. We devise a general-purpose multivariate methodology that we also extend to handle functional data objects. We provide insights on the model behavior by investigating the theoretical properties of the associated semiparametric prior. From the computational point of view, we propose a suitable$$\varvec{\xi }$$ξ-sequence to construct an independent slice-efficient sampler that takes into account the difference between manifest and novelty components. We showcase our model performance through an extensive simulation study and applications on both multivariate and functional datasets, in which diverse and distinctive unknown patterns are discovered.
Strong knowledge, weak belief?
Authors: Schulz Moritz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccording to the knowledge norm of belief (Williamson in Knowledge and its limits, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 47, 2000), one should believeponly if one knowsp. However, it can easily seem that the ordinary notion of belief is much weaker than the knowledge norm would have it. It is possible to rationally believe things one knows to be unknown (Hawthorne et al. in Philos Stud 173:1393–1404, 2016; McGlynn in Noûs 47:385–407, 2013, Whiting in Chan (ed) The aim of belief, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013). One response to this observation is to develop a technical notion of ‘outright’ belief. A challenge for this line of response is to find a way of getting a grip on the targeted notion of belief. In order to meet this challenge, I characterize ‘outright’ belief in this paper as the strongest belief state implied by knowledge. I show that outright belief so construed allows this notion to play important theoretical roles in connection with knowledge, assertion and action.