bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UM NOME PARA CHAMAR DE MEU
Authors: MOREIRA OLIVEIRA CLARICE ROCHA , MATOS ALEXANDRA GOMES DOS SANTOS 
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho é engendrado pela seguinte problemática: o Provimento n.° 73/2018 do CNJ traz quais inovações normativas, no que tange ao direito de alteração do prenome dos transgêneros, nos cartórios de Registro Civil do Brasil? Para responder a essa questão, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar a alteração dos prenomes pelos transgêneros, nos Cartórios de Registro Civil das Pessoas Naturais do Brasil, enquanto um direito fundamentalmente humano, advindo da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), em controle abstrato de constitucionalidade, que motiva a edição do Provimento n.º 73, de 28 de junho de 2018, pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Para tanto, definem-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: identificar o lugar do transexual no curso da história do Brasil, reconhecendo as as ideologias de exclusão que demarcam esse processo, por meio de abordagens que abranjam os aspectos legais, sociais e culturais; reconhecer a necessidade e a importância do nome, de modo a dar relevo ao procedimento administrativo, constante no Provimento n.º 73/2018 do CNJ, como importante baliza para a efetivação da dignidade humana, princípio basilar da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil (CRFB/88) e especificar a regulamentação desse Provimento, evidenciando quais sejam os mecanismos necessários para que o requerente realize a alteração do prenome e do gênero, em respeito ao direito de pessoa humana dos transexuais. O artigo é bibliográfico e apresenta coleta de dados qualitativa. Na pesquisa, verificam-se os avanços sociais, assim como os constitucionais do direito dos transgêneros, sendo um deles a alteração do prenome e do gênero, enfatizando a sua relevância, no âmbito social, no sentido de que o sujeito é identificado por meio do prenome. A partir disso, analisa-se o procedimento adotado para que essa alteração seja realizada pela via extrajudicial.
Emergence of Quantum Tunneling in Ambipolar Black Phosphorus Multilayers without Heterojunctions
Authors: Kim Yeeun , Kim Chulmin , Kim Soo Yeon , Lee Byung Chul , Seo Youkyung , Cho Hyeran , Kim Gyu‐Tae , Joo Min‐Kyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNegative differential resistance (NDR) is an exotic quantum tunneling phenomenon that is exhibited in narrow p‐n junctions with heavy doping concentrations. However, the presence of multiple heterojunctions in a conventional tunneling device often hampers the observance of NDR and a deep understanding of its origin, particularly in 2D van der Waals heterojunctions. Herein, the emergence of quantum tunneling at the charge neutrality point (VCNP) in ambipolar multilayered black phosphorus (BP) transistors without heterojunctions is reported. The nearly identical electron and hole carrier densities at VCNP in the presence of a drain bias (VD) result in a lateral p‐i‐n configuration inside the BP multilayers similar to that in a tunneling field‐effect transistor. The variation of the local carrier density profile and tunneling barrier with VD at VCNP drives a sharp enhancement of the activation energy and local resistance, which consequently allows to observe band‐to‐band tunneling at up to 340 K. The enhancement of the local doping profile along the BP channel and the NDR behavior in the fabricated reconfigurable top‐gate BP device with an h‐BN top‐dielectric provide further evidence for the origin of NDR in 2D ambipolar materials.
Recent Advances in Nanozymes: From Matters to Bioapplications
Authors: Ai Yongjian , Hu Ze‐Nan , Liang Xiaoping , Sun Hong‐bin , Xin Hongbo , Liang Qionglin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe manufacture of bionic materials to simulate the natural counterparts has attracted extensive attention. As one of the subcategories of biomimetic materials, the development of artificial enzyme is intensive pursuing. As a kind of artificial enzyme, nanozymes are dedicated to solve the limitations of natural enzymes. In recent years, attributed to the explosive development of nanotechnology, biotechnology, catalysis science, computational design and theory calculation, research on nanozymes has made great progress. To highlight these achievements and help researchers to understand the current investigation status of nanozyme, the state‐of‐the‐art development in nanozymes from fabrication materials to bioapplications are summarized. First different raw materials are summarized, including metal‐based, metal‐free, metal‐organic frameworks‐based, and some other novel matters, which are applied to fabricate nanozymes. The different types of enzymes‐like catalytic activities of nanozymes are briefly discussed. Subsequently, the wide applications of nanozymes such as anti‐oxidation, curing diseases, anti‐bacteria, biosensing, and bioimaging are discussed. Finally, the current challenges faced by nanozymes are outlined and the future directions for advancing nanozyme research are outlooked. The authors hope this review can inspire research in the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry, biology, materials science, and theoretical computing, and can contribute to the development of nanozymes.
Tumor‐Associated Immune‐Cell‐Mediated Tumor‐Targeting Mechanism with NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Kang Homan , Shamim Md , Yin Xiaoran , Adluru Eeswar , Fukuda Takeshi , Yokomizo Shinya , Chang Hyejin , Park Seung Hun , Cui Yanan , Moy Austin J. , Kashiwagi Satoshi , Henary Maged , Choi Hak Soo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe strategy of structure‐inherent tumor targeting (SITT) with cyanine‐based fluorophores is receiving more attention because no chemical conjugation of targeting moieties is required. However, the targeting mechanism behind SITT has not yet been well explained. Here, it is demonstrated that heptamethine‐cyanine‐based fluorophores possess not only targetability of tumor microenvironments without the need for additional targeting ligands but also second near‐infrared spectral window (NIR‐II) imaging capabilities, i.e., minimum scattering and ultralow autofluorescence. The new SITT mechanism suggests that bone‐marrow‐derived and/or tissue‐resident/tumor‐associated immune cells can be a principal target for cancer detection due to their abundance in tumoral tissues. Among the tested, SH1 provides ubiquitous tumor targetability and a high tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR) ranging from 9.5 to 47 in pancreatic, breast, and lung cancer mouse models upon a single bolus intravenous injection. Furthermore, SH1 can be used to detect small cancerous tissues smaller than 2 mm in diameter in orthotopic lung cancer models. Thus, SH1 could be a promising cancer‐targeting agent and have a bright future for intraoperative optical imaging and image‐guided cancer surgery.
Water‐Assisted and Catalyst‐Free Hetero‐Michael Additions: Mechanistic Insights from DFT Investigations
Authors: Yang Hui , Wong Ming Wah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of six catalyst‐free hetero‐Michael addition reactions in water has been investigated using DFT calculations. Our theoretical results revealed the direct involvement of multiple water molecules in the transition states. The water molecules play a catalytic role in lowering the activation barrier for the three thia‐Michael reactions. Concerted transition state with two bridging water molecules yields the lowest energy barrier. The formation of a hydrogen bonding network via one or more water molecules in the transition state facilitates proton shuttling from the nucleophile to the electrophile. For the aza‐Michael reactions considered, they follow a stepwise mechanism involving the formation of a stable zwitterionic intermediate. In these cases, water influences the reactions via strong (nonspecific) solvent effect and the catalytic role of water is less important for enones that adopt a stable s‐cis conformation. The calculated low reaction barriers (44–83 kJ/mol) of the six studied reactions are in excellent accord with the observed facile hetero‐Michael reactions in water.
Misspecified modeling of subsequent waves during COVID‐19 outbreak: A change‐point growth model
Authors: Girardi Paolo , Greco Luca , Ventura Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the analysis of cumulative counts of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, such as deaths or cases, common parametric models based on log‐logistic growth curves adapt well to describe a single wave at a time. Unfortunately, in Italy, as well as all over the globe, from February 2020 to March 2021 more than one wave has been observed. In this paper, we propose a method to fit more than one wave in the same model. In particular, we discuss an approach based on a change‐point model in a pseudo‐likelihood framework that takes into account some model misspecification issues, such as those concerning the assumption of Poisson marginals and those relating to overdispersion and autocorrelation. An application to data collected in Italy is discussed.
Monitoring the microstructural deterioration of concrete exposed to leaching in purified water
Authors: Schulte Holthausen Robert , Merkel Melanie , Breit Wolfgang , Raupach Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConcrete is considered to be durable in permanent contact with water, making it a preferred material for the construction of drinking water reservoirs. More severe conditions, however, such as contact with purified water lead to the leaching of calcium and the deterioration of concrete surfaces. Due to the diffusive nature, deterioration begins superficially and ingresses with time. Consequently, concrete surfaces are severely damaged and the rebar‐protective alkalinity can be lost. In this study, results from long‐term laboratory leaching experiments in purified water of differently prepared concrete surfaces relevant for drinking water reservoirs are reported. Samples are monitored by both conventional laboratory techniques and, for the first time, by single‐sided 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to gain knowledge on appearance and performance as well as the microstructural changes with sub‐millimeter depth resolution. Results give a deepened insight into the time‐ and depth‐depending material changes. Concrete with a lower w/c ratio, more durable cement, or a densified surface shows a slowed deterioration. The progressing leaching deterioration is described using a combined diffusion‐erosion model that allows a more direct comparison of results to other exposures.
Artificial photosynthesis for high‐value‐added chemicals: Old material, new opportunity
Authors: Kim Sungsoon , Kim Kwang Hee , Oh Cheoulwoo , Zhang Kan , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolar energy utilization has drawn attention due to ever‐increasing environmental and energy issues. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photocatalytic (PC) water splitting for hydrogen production, which is the most popular and well‐established solar‐to‐chemical conversion process, has been studied thoroughly to date but is now facing limitations related to low conversion efficiency. To resolve this issue, research in PEC cells or photocatalysts has recently aimed to produce alternative value‐added chemicals by modifying their redox reactions, which potentially enables high economic reward to compensate for the low efficiency. Here, various kinds of redox reactions that decouple classic water splitting reactions to produce value‐added chemicals via PEC and PC processes are introduced. Successful coupling of CO2 reduction, O2 reduction and organic synthesis with either water oxidation or water reduction is comprehensively discussed from the perspective of basic fundamental and product selectivity in terms of the band structure of materials, cocatalyst design, and thermodynamics and kinetics of the reactions. Throughout the review, future challenges and opportunities are suggested with respect to the redesigned artificial synthesis, which might be an alternative development for the commercialization of PEC or PC value‐added chemical production technologies in the near future.
How 5 f Electron Polarisability Drives Covalency and Selectivity in Actinide N‐Donor Complexes
Authors: Köhler Luisa , Patzschke Michael , Schmidt Moritz , Stumpf Thorsten , März Juliane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Moritz Schmidt at the Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf. The image depicts the relative strength of bonds from an actinide to a pyrrole‐based ligand in comparison with the salen ligand. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202102849.
Numerical comparison of inspiratory airflow patterns in human nasal cavities with distinct age differences
Authors: Dong Jingliang , Sun Qinyuan , Shang Yidan , Zhang Ya , Tian Lin , Tu Jiyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a primary determinant of nasal physiological functions, the nasal morphology and its effects on the airflow dynamics have been extensively studied in literature. However, gross flow features reported in literature are mostly obtained from subjects at similar ages, while studies focusing on nasal subjects with distinct age differences are significantly less. To advance current understandings of nasal airflow dynamics in the context of age diversity, this study employed three anatomically accurate nasal cavity models with distinct age features (5‐, 24‐ and 77‐year‐old models) and numerically compared the physiological nasal airflow fields within these nasal cavity models. To demonstrate the validity of the present numerical models, in vivo rhinomanometry measurement was conducted on the 24‐year‐old female nasal model, and key anatomical features and pressure‐flow curves of all three models were compared with models with similar age features in literature work. Apart from results comparison based on conventional velocity flow fields and wall shear stress distributions, a method for quantifying flow partitions in confined airway spaces was developed to reveal the proportions of fractional flow that enters the olfactory region. Our results revealed dramatic intersubject discrepancies between considered nasal cavity models, especially for the fractional flow that enters the olfactory region. Specifically, the 5‐year‐old girl nasal model received the highest proportion of fractional flow, which accounts for 13.3% ~ 15% of overall inhalation flow rates under different activity levels. For the 24‐year‐old female model, on the contrary, the olfactory fractional flow was dramatically reduced (with a local to overall percentage around 4.3%–7.7%). Finally, for the elderly subject—77‐year‐old male model, minimum level of olfactory flux was observed with a local to overall percentage ranging between 3.1% and 4.9% for considered wide range of inhalation flow rates. Therefore, the local flow intersubject variation can reach nearly fourfold. The vast local flow difference is mainly due to the inherent anatomical features (e.g., immature nasal turbinate structure in the child model, the partial narrowing superior nasal valve in the elder model). The results may further lead to discrepant health effects associated with inhalation exposure to airborne particles.
Image‐based locating and guiding for unmanned aerial vehicles using scale invariant feature transform, speeded‐up robust features, and oriented fast and rotated brief algorithms
Authors: Bal Burak , Erdem Tuğba , Kul Seda , Sayar Ahmet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study provides a method for determining the location information from a photograph taken by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). In today's defense industry, the goal is to design a reliable navigation system that can operate even when the Internet and GPS systems are unavailable. In the proposed system, it is expected that there is an image database in which each image has its own metadata in JavaScript Object Notation format that defines the geolocation information for the corresponding image. In real‐time, UAV flies captures an image and uses a matching algorithm to compare it with each and every photo in the database. The image with the highest match rate in the database and its metadata is returned. The UAV extracts its own location information from the metadata. For image matching, Scale Invariant Feature Transform, Speeded‐Up Robust Features, and Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF algorithms are used. The proposed system is tested and evaluated by using a real‐world dataset obtained from Flickr's city images. The proposed approach is proved to work with a success rate of 97.14%.
Citation entity recognition method using multi‐feature semantic fusion based on deep learning
Authors: Gao Jie , Zhang Zuping , Cao Ping , Huang Wei , Li Fangfang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effective entity recognition method can quickly and accurately identify the citation entity to facilitate citation comparison, thereby reducing the occurrence of academic fraud and other behaviors. But there is no very effective way to solve this problem till now. In recent years, neural network models for named entity recognition (NER) have shown better performances on general domain datasets. After the multi‐feature citation dataset is created, the article proposes contextual multi‐feature embedding (CMFE) method for word embedding which use multi‐feature to enhance semantic and use CNN to get multi‐level feature. Based on CMFE, a multi‐feature semantic fusion model (MFSFM) is proposed. It designs the multi‐convolution kernel mixed residual CNN module to obtain local attention information and enhance the sensitivity of the entity boundary information. The BiLSTM and LSTM is used for timing learning. The experimental results of Chinese citation datasets and Chinese–English mixed citation datasets show that CMFE can better represent semantics, and MFSFM can perform citation entity recognition well. Finally, the experimental results of CONLL2003 dataset show that it is general on NER.
Increased TOX expression concurrent with PD‐1, Tim‐3, and CD244 expression in T cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Huang Shuxin , Liang Chaofeng , Zhao Yujie , Deng Tairan , Tan Jiaxiong , Zha Xianfeng , Li Yangqiu , Chen Shaohua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundT cell dysregulation is a common event in leukemia. Recent findings have indicated that aberrant expression of immune checkpoint proteins may be associated with disease relapse and progression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). TOX, a transcription factor in the HMG‐box protein superfamily, was found to be a potential target for immunotherapy not only in solid tumors but also in hematological malignancies. However, little is known about TOX expression and co‐expression with immune checkpoint proteins or the exhausted phenotype in the T cell subsets in AML. Thus, in this study, we analyzed TOX expression and co‐expression with PD‐1, Tim‐3, and CD244 in T cells.MethodsTOX expression and co‐expression with PD‐1, Tim‐3, and CD244 in CD3+, CD4+, regulatory T (Treg), and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by multi‐color fluorescent flow cytometry in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with de novo AML and AML in complete remission (CR) and healthy individuals (HIs).ResultsA significantly increased percentage of TOX+CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was found in PB from patients with de novo AML in comparison with HIs. Double‐positive TOX+CD244+, TOX+PD‐1+, and TOX+Tim‐3+ T cells markedly increased in the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell populations in de novo AML patients compared with HIs, and similar trends were demonstrated for TOX+Tim‐3+CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T cells in de novo AML compared with AML‐CR patients. In addition, the number of TOX+, TOX+PD‐1+, and TOX+Tim‐3+Treg cells significantly increased in de novo AML patients compared with HIs, and TOX+PD‐1+Treg cells were higher in de novo AML compared with AML‐CR patients. Moreover, TOX positively correlated with Tim‐3 expression in CD8+ and Treg cells, and a positive correlation between the expression of TOX+ CD4+ and CD244+CD4+ T cells was found. Furthermore, an increased percentage of TOX+Tim‐3+ T cells in BM was also found in de novo AML patients compared with HIs.ConclusionsIncreased TOX concurrent with PD‐1, Tim‐3, and CD244 in T cells may contribute to T cell exhaustion and impair their function in AML. Such exhausted T cells may be partially revised when AML patients achieve CR after chemotherapy. TOX may be considered a potential target for reversing T cell exhaustion and improving T cell function in AML.
Ecological theory of mutualism: Robust patterns of stability and thresholds in two‐species population models
Authors: Hale Kayla R. S. , Valdovinos Fernanda S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMutualisms are ubiquitous in nature, provide important ecosystem services, and involve many species of interest for conservation. Theoretical progress on the population dynamics of mutualistic interactions, however, comparatively lagged behind that of trophic and competitive interactions, leading to the impression that ecologists still lack a generalized framework to investigate the population dynamics of mutualisms. Yet, over the last 90 years, abundant theoretical work has accumulated, ranging from abstract to detailed. Here, we review and synthesize historical models of two‐species mutualisms. We find that population dynamics of mutualisms are qualitatively robust across derivations, including levels of detail, types of benefit, and inspiring systems. Specifically, mutualisms tend to exhibit stable coexistence at high density and destabilizing thresholds at low density. These dynamics emerge when benefits of mutualism saturate, whether due to intrinsic or extrinsic density dependence in intraspecific processes, interspecific processes, or both. We distinguish between thresholds resulting from Allee effects, low partner density, and high partner density, and their mathematical and conceptual causes. Our synthesis suggests that there exists a robust population dynamic theory of mutualism that can make general predictions.
Dietary analysis reveals differences in the prey use of two sympatric bat species
Authors: Heim Olga , Puisto Anna I. E. , Sääksjärvi Ilari , Fukui Dai , Vesterinen Eero J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne mechanism for morphologically similar and sympatric species to avoid competition and facilitate coexistence is to feed on different prey items within different microhabitats. In the current study, we investigated and compared the diet of the two most common and similar‐sized bat species in Japan—Murina ussuriensis (Ognev, 1913) and Myotis ikonnikovi (Ognev, 1912)—to gain more knowledge about the degree of overlap in their diet and their foraging behavior. We found that both bat species consumed prey from the orders of Lepidoptera and Diptera most frequently, while the proportion of Dipterans was higher in the diet of M. ikonnikovi. Furthermore, we found a higher prey diversity in the diet of M. ikonnikovi compared to that of M. ussuriensis that might indicate that the former is a more generalist predator than the latter. In contrast, the diet of M. ussuriensis contained many Lepidopteran families. The higher probability of prey items likely captured via gleaning to occur in the diet of M. ussuriensis in contrast to M. ikonnikovi indicates that M. ussuriensis might switch between aerial‐hawking and gleaning modes of foraging behavior. We encourage further studies across various types of habitats and seasons to investigate the flexibility of the diet composition and foraging behavior of these two bat species.