bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Airspace Affected by the Presence of Volcanic Ash by Processing Satellite Images, Case Study: Popocatepétl Volcano Area
Authors: Jiménez-Escalona José Carlos , Aparicio-García Ramon S. , Roberge Julie , Ávila-Razo José Eduardo , Poom-Medina José Luis , Huerta-Cháves Oliver Marcel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A volcanic eruption can affect large areas of the atmosphere around the volcano. Commercial aviation uses these zones the airspace as a navigation zone. Encountering these ash clouds can cause severe damage to different parts of the aircraft, mainly the engines. This work aims to generate a predictive tool based on the frequency of affectation of the airspace areas around a volcano with eruptive activity, taking the Popocatépetl volcano as a case study. Was carried temporal wind analysis at different atmosphere levels to identifying direction towards which wind disperses ash in year months. This information shown two representative seasons in the direction of dispersion: the first from November to May and the second from July to September, taking into account that June and October are transitional months and therefore do not present a predominant direction. To identify the ash cloud and estimate its area, a set of MODIS images was compiled that recorded the activity in the period 2000-2014. These satellite images were subjected to a semi-automatic digital pre-processing of binarization by thresholds according to the level of the Brightness Temperature Difference between band 31 and band 32, followed by manual evaluation of each binarized image. The result of those above pre-processing was a set of pixels with spatial (longitude and latitude) and temporal (date) description, from which the history of the areas affected by ash permanence was obtained. Additionally, a set of pixels evaluated and labeled in table form could be used as training data for future artificial intelligence applications to automatically detect and discriminate ash clouds.
Tuberculosis and Its Predictors in Pakistani Population Transmission Dynamics and Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium
Authors: Zhang Fengmin , Jabeen Sadia , Fu Yingmei , Hussain Sajjad , Tahseen Sabira , Qadir Syed Mehmood , Prakash Om 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) is biggest growing global health concern affecting 10 million people globally with 1.2 million deaths recently. TB is a highly contagious disease predominant infecting lungs. Inappropriate health care management system poor implementation on standard remains some reasons contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, in the present context two types of tuberculosis are identified, in which the mycobacterium is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin called as multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the other one is known as XDR-TB in which along with isoniazid and rifampin, resistance to at least one fluoroquinolone drug family and any of the second line drugs like amikacin, capreomycin, kanamycin occurs. There is a need of collecting data for frequency of occurrence of these resistant varieties for proper control and management of the disease. Thus, the current study focused on transmission dynamics and status of occurrence of drug resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Pakistani population. The occurrence of TB bacteria in the patients of Pakistani population was tested by all three types of diagnostic methods. Smear sputum test, genetic profiling by GeneXpert test and drug susceptibility test by cultural growth on solid and liquid media was performed. The results showed that smear test of 72.9% patient were tested positive, while MTBC complex was detected in 100% patients with a variable bacterial load. The cultural growth on liquid media 83.2% while 16.8% were contaminated strains. However, in solid media 60.4% population growth was detected with 21.9% contamination. The Pakistani population was resistant against RIF is large majority while XDR and MDR resistance are not quit significant. A large number of antibiotics showed appreciable effectiveness against tuberculosis where amikacin was the most effective with Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Levofloxacin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin and Oxfloxacin being effective in decreasing order.
Application of Soft Computing Approach in Seven-segment Display Hardware as Applied to Business Strategies
Authors: Abrol Ajay , Sarwar Abid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, an attempt has been made to apply MBP, ANN approach to the hardware comprising twenty-four-seven segments to recognize composed data and apply the network for displaying current/ updated contents for various business strategies or display activities. Randomization has been applied for composing messages using binary bits for numbers or alphabets. Digits and numerals presented for designs are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, b, C, d, E, F, H, I, J, L, n, o, P, r S, U, y, Z. A total of 500 messages have been composed in this work. 66 % of the messages have been used in training, 30% in testing, and 4% for validation. The mean value of RMSE obtained at a learning rate of 0.3 and different values of momentum for training, testing and validation are 0.04672, 0.26201, and 0.212219 respectively with 211992 epochs. The mean value of RMSE obtained at different learning rates and 0.7 as the value of momentum for training, testing and validation are 0.11473, 0.27439, and 0.260156 respectively with 119802 epochs. Error with 0.3 learning rate and different values of momentum has been lesser compared with when 0.7 value of momentum and different learning rates. The further author recommends recognizing the unseen patterns using the validation in the adopted approach. A trained network can be applied to directly display composed/updated messages as per strategy.
UniverSC: a flexible cross-platform single-cell data processing pipeline
Authors: Kelly S. , Battenberg Kai , Hetherington Nicola , Hayashi Makoto , Minoda Aki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to quantify RNA molecules in individual cells has become popular owing to the large amount of information one can obtain from each experiment. We have developed UniverSC (https://github.com/minoda-lab/universc), a universal single-cell processing tool that supports any UMI-based platform. Our command-line tool enables consistent and comprehensive integration, comparison, and evaluation across data generated from a wide range of platforms.
Experimental study on the aeolian sands solidification via MICP technique
Authors: Zhou Y.J. , Wang Hongtao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study solidifies the aeolian sand by microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique. The effects of cementation solution with different concentrations, particle size, and grouting batches are examined via the bender element, unconfined compressive test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The bender element results show that the wave speed of loose aeolian sand is 200m/s; however, after solidify the aeolian sand, the speed of P-wave is about 450-600m/s and S-wave is about 350-500m/s. Additionally, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) results indicate that when the concentration of cementation solution is 0.75mol/L, the UCS of bio-solidified sand sample is the highest. Then, compared with the aeolian sand with original grade, the particles ranging from 0.1-0.4mm have a better cementation effect. Moreover, the UCS of bio-solidified sand samples increases along with the grouting batch. From the SEM images, it can be seen that when the grouting batch reaches to five times, the particles are almost completely covered by CaCO 3 crystals compared with the three batches and four batches.
Bioprocess optimisation for high cell density endoinulinase production from recombinant Aspergillus niger
Authors: Maumela Pfariso , Rose Shaunita , Rensburg Eugene van , Chimphango Annie , Gorgens Johann 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Endoinulinases gene was expressed in recombinant Aspergillus niger for selective and high-level expression using an exponential fed-batch fermentation. The effects of the growth rate (µ), glucose feed concentration, nitrogen concentration and fungal morphology, on enzyme production were evaluated. A recombinant endoinulinases with a molecular weight of 66 KDa was secreted. Endoinulinases production was growth associated at µ> 0.04 h -1 , which is characteristic of the constitutive gpd promoter used for the enzyme production. The highest volumetric activity (670 U/ml) was achieved at a growth rate of 93% of µ max (0.07 h -1 ), while enzyme activity (506 U/ml) and biomass substrate yield (0.043 g biomassDW /g glucose ) significantly decreased at low µ (0.04 h -1 ). Increasing the feed concentration resulted in high biomass concentrations and viscosity, which necessitated high agitation for improved mixing and oxygen. However, the high agitation and low DO levels (ca. 8% of saturation) led to pellet disruption and growth in mycelial morphology. Enzyme production profiles, product (Y p/s ) and biomass (Y x/s ) yield coefficients were not affected by feed concentration and morphological change. The gradual increase in the concentration of nitrogen sources showed that, a nitrogen limited culture was not suitable for endoinulinases production in recombinant A. niger. Moreover, the increase in enzyme volumetric activity was still directly related to an increase in biomass concentration. An increase in nitrogen concentration, from 3.8 to 12 g/L, resulted in volumetric activity increase from 393 to 670 U/ml, but the Y p/s (10053 U/g glucose ) and Y x/s (0.049 g biomasDWs /g glucose ) did not significantly change. The data demonstrated the potential of recombinant A. niger and high cell density fermentation for the development of largescale endoinulinases production system.
Automated detection of sacroiliitis on plain radiograph using EfficientDet algorithm in young patients with back pain: a pilot study
Authors: Noh Sung Hyun , An Chansik , Kim Dain , Lee Seung Hyun , Chang Min-Yung , Oh Hyun Cheol 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

A computer algorithm that automatically detects sacroiliac joint abnormalities on plain radiograph would help radiologists avoid missing sacroiliitis. This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning model to detect and diagnose sacroiliitis on plain radiograph in young patients with low back pain.
Methods

This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study included 478 and 468 plain radiographs from 241 and 433 young (< 40 years) patients who complained of low back pain with and without ankylosing spondylitis, respectively. They were randomly split into training and test datasets with a ratio of 8:2. Radiologists reviewed the images and labeled the coordinates of a bounding box and determined the presence or absence of sacroiliitis for each sacroiliac joint. We fine-tined and optimized the EfficientDet-D4 object detection model pre-trained on the COCO 2107 dataset on the training dataset and validated the final model on the test dataset.
Results

The mean average precision, an evaluation metric for object detection accuracy, was 0.918 at 0.5 intersection over union. In the diagnosis of sacroiliitis, the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score were 0.932 (95% confidence interval, 0.903–0.961), 96.9% (92.9–99.0), 86.8% (81.5–90.9), 91.1% (87.7–93.7), and 90.2% (85.0–93.9), respectively.
Conclusions

The EfficientDet, a deep learning-based object detection algorithm, could be used to automatically diagnose sacroiliitis on plain radiograph.
Deterministic Approach for Calculation of Carbon Footprint for Cement Plants in India
Authors: shrivastava amit Kumar , Vashishth Aman , Jayant2 Bhagya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Estimating cement process emissions through an industry’s dataset has more often if not always been majorly based on strong assumptions. India being the second largest producer of cement across the globe next only to China, lags in providing accurate estimates of its official time-series to UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).Present study has been undertaken to lay out a deterministic approach for calculation of carbon footprint for any Indian Cement Plant using the customized design methodology. Modelling of which is done by referring to and prioritizing various companies’ official data, emission factors, and cement protocols. The framework aligns itself to Greenhouse Gas Protocol and Cement Sector Emissions Calculation Tool: Indian Version 1.0 (July 2005) and CO2 Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Cement Industry, The Cement CO2 Protocol, Version 2.0 (Cement Sustainability Initiative, June 2005). It aims to provide a more reliable source for estimation of greenhouse gas - CO2 emissions in any cement processing plant of India.
Testosterone recovery after androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: building a predictive model
Authors: Borque-Fernando Ángel , Estrada-Domínguez Fernando , Esteban Luis Mariano , Sanz Gerardo , Gil-Sanz María Jesús 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze variability, associated factors, and the design of nomograms for individualized testosterone recovery after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) withdrawal.Methods: A longitudinal study was performed on 208 patients in 2003-2019 period. The castrate and normogonadic levels were defined as testosterone, 0.50 and 3.50 ng/ml respectively. Cumulative incidence curve describes testosterone recovery. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to predict testosterone recovery with the candidate prognostic factors: PSA at diagnosis, Clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score, age at cessation of ADT, duration of ADT, primary therapy for patients, and LHRH agonist. Results: The median follow­up of the study was 80 months, interquartile range (49,99). The 25% and 81% of patients did not recover the castrate and normogonadic level, respectively. Months of ADT and age at ADT withdrawal were significant predictors for testosterone recovery. We built two nomograms of testosterone estimation recovery at 12, 24, 36 and 60 months. The castration recovery model shows good calibration. The c-index was 0.677, with areas under the ROC­curve (AUC) of 0.74, 0.78, 0.78 and 0.78, at 12, 24, 36 and 60 months, respectively. The normogonadic recovery model had an overestimation of high probabilities. The c­index was 0.683, with AUC values of 0.81, 0.71, 0.71 and 0.70 at 12, 24, 36 and 60 months, respectively.Conclusion: Depending on the age of patients and time of treatment, clinicians can discontinue ADT to maintain castrate levels without treatment with enough confidence, or even recover testosterone to normogonadic levels in short courses of treatment with high probabilities.
The Rate of Regeneration of Native Plant Species After Eradication of Invasive Alien Plant Species (Acacia Decurrens Willd.) in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Authors: Mbedzi Melford , Tshisikhawe Milingoni Peter , Rahlao Sebataolo , Sinthumule Innocent Ndidzulafhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Riparian invasive alien plants are known to compete with native plant species for water, space, daylight, and different other resources by decreasing structural diversity of native vegetation and subsequently changing the functioning of the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of native plant species recolonization after the eradication of A. decurrens. The investigation was done in the Waterberg District Municipality, Limpopo Province in a farm, which is highly infested with A. decurrens. Twenty-four permanent plots of 10 m x 10 m were constructed and the A. decurrens individuals in the plots were removed and the area was monitored for a period of 2 years. The size of quadrats was based on the size and distribution of the invasive alien plants which develop in an aggregated form and have exceptionally small canopies.
Synthesis and characterization of silver doped magnetic-nanoclay montmorillonite/iron oxide/silver nanocomposite for environmental applications throught effective dye degradation
Authors: Acar Musa Kazim , Altun Türkan , Gubbuk Ilkay Hilal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Magnetic-nanoclay montmorillonite/iron oxide (MMT/Fe 3 O 4 ) nanocomposite was prepared by co-precipitation method and montmorillonite/iron oxide/silver (MMT/Fe 3 O 4 /Ag) nanocomposite was synthesized, called as chemical reduction method, by reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) salt with sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) as reducing agent. These nanocomposites were characterized by Branuer-Emmet-Teller Surface Area and Porosity Dimension (BET), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Subsequently, MMT/Fe 3 O 4 /Ag was used in degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in the presence of NaBH 4 to evaluate catalytic activity of its and consequences were monitored using UV-Visible Spektrofotometer (UV-Vis). Moreover, various parameters including pH, catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration and amount of NaBH 4 were investigated for optimum reaction conditions. The reduction reactions followed pseudo-first order kinetics and complete degradation of RhB were achieved in 8 minutes using MMT/Fe 3 O 4 /Ag as catalysts while degradation of %46 of RhB were achieved in 60 minutes using MMT/Fe 3 O 4 .
Identification of GDF15 as A Pro-Fibrotic Factor in Mouse Liver Fibrosis Progression
Authors: Qi Peng , Ma Ming-Ze , Kuai Jing-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim:To elucidate the inhibitory role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in liver fibrosis and its possible activation mechanism in hepatic stellate cells of mice.Methods:We generated a GDF15-neutralizing antibody that can inhibit TGF-β1-induced activation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway in LX-2 cells. All the mice in this study were induced by carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide. In addition, primary hepatic stellate cells from mice were isolated from fresh livers using Nycodenz density gradient separation. The severity and extent of liver fibrosis in mice were evaluated by Sirius Red and Masson staining. The effect of GDF15 on the activation of the TGF-β pathway was detected using dual-luciferase reporter assays and Western blotting assays.Results:The expression of GDF15 in cirrhotic liver tissue was higher than that in normal liver tissue. Blocking GDF15 with a neutralizing antibody resulted in a delay in primary hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide. Meanwhile, TGF-β pathway activation was partly inhibited by a GDF15-neutralizing antibody in primary hepatic stellate cells. These results indicated that GDF15 plays an important role in regulating HSC activation and liver fibrosis progression.Conclusions:The inhibition of GDF15 attenuates chemical-inducible liver fibrosis and delays hepatic stellate cell activation, and this effect is probably mainly attributed to its regulatory role in TGF-β signalling.
Evaluation of Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the PET Bottled Mineral Water of Different Brands and Impact of Heat by GC-MS/MS
Authors: Bhardwaj Laxmi Kant , Sharma Archana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Phthalates are one of the ubiquitous contaminants in the environment due to the extensive use in the last few years. They are easily released because they are not chemically bonded to polymers. They migrate into the food during food packing while in water, they migrate during water filling or storage and bottle manufacturing. They are toxic to human health and known as carcinogen/ endocrine disruptors. A total of sixty PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottled mineral water samples of different six brands were purchased from the local market of Noida, India. These bottles were of two different batch numbers of each brand. Two bottles of each brand with a different batch number were analyzed immediately after purchase while the other eight bottles were analyzed after two and six months when they were stored in sunlight (~ 45 o C) and - 20 o C. The aim of the present study was to determine the migration of DEHP and its impact on storage conditions of PET bottled mineral water in retail stores or homes. We used a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for the estimation of DEHP in these samples. We observed that the migration of DEHP was dependent on high temperature and storage time. DEHP was present only in those samples, which were stored in sunlight for two & six months and at - 20 o C for six months. While found below the detection limit in those samples which were analyzed immediately after purchase and stored at - 20 o C for two months.
Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of an Integrated Plasmonic Polarizer on Ti Diffused LiNbO3 Channel Waveguide
Authors: Ahmadi Keyvan , Isfahani Mohamad Hossein Poorghadiri , Fathi Mohamad Hossein 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work the design, fabrication and characterization of a TE-pass plasmonic waveguide polarizer on Ti in-diffused channel waveguide fabricated on x-cut LiNbO3 substrate are reported. By deposition of MgF2 of 5nm thickness as the buffer layer and Au layer of about 30nm thickness as the cladding layer the polarization extinction ratio measured to be 32dB and insertion loss for TE mode was about 2dB in a single mode channel waveguide of 2.1cm length.
Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells and Ki-67 in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Song Jinbo , Yu Zhe , Dong Bingqi , Zhu Mingkai , Guo Xiaofeng , Ma Yongkang , Zhao Shiming , Yang Tiejun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common maligant tumor of the genitourinary system. We aimed to analyze the potential value of the metastasis-related biomarker, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and proliferative marker Ki-67 in diagnosis of RCC. Methods: Data from 24 laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RN) and 17 laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (PN) were collected in 2018. The number and positive rate of CTCs and circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) was obtained at three different time points in peripheral blood just before, immediately and one week after surgery. Ki-67 protein expression was evaluated in RCC tissue by immunohistochemistry. Results: No association between the number and positive rate of perioprative CTC and clinicopathological features was found, except for the statistically significant association between the preoprative CTC counts and tumor size. The CTC counts gradually decreased during the perioperative period, and at one week after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery. Higher Ki-67 expression was signiﬁcantly correlated positively with preoprative CTC counts. In addition, a higher Ki-67 express has been found in high CTCs group (CTCs ≥ 5). Conclusion: Our results suggest that surgical nephrectomy is associated with a decrease in CTC counts of RCC patients. CTCs can act as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognostic of RCC. Careful and sufﬁcient long-term follow-up is needed for patients with high preoprative CTC counts.