bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Argument Extended
Authors: Garcia Calvo Angela 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a more general view of the book’s argument. It uses mini-cases to explore additional aspects of Spain’s and Korea’s strategies. It also relies on a short, counterfactual comparison with Brazil to discuss three factors that enabled these countries to succeed where other late industrializing economies failed. In the case of Spain, the chapter underscores the role of path dependence. It also shows that although the characteristics of a national economy shaped upgrading strategies they did not determine them and alternative options leading to different productive structures were indeed possible. In the case of Korea, the chapter highlights the systemic aspects of upgrading strategies and the synergies derived from that country’s particular approach. The chapter consists of five sections. Following the introduction, sections 6.2 and 6.3 flesh out additional details of Spain’s and Korea’s experiences. Section 6.4 compares Spain’s and Korea’s experiences with Brazil’s. Section 6.5 concludes with a summary of the role of coordination in Spain’s and Korea’s upgrading.
Introduction
Authors: Easterling Joshua S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The introduction brings together the various intellectual formations which structure the book and which constellate within the anchoritic and para-anchoritic writings explored throughout each chapter. It discusses alongside Paul’s images of the body of Christ and the spiritual charismata (1 Cor. 12) the emphases within late medieval orthodox culture on the authority of reformed and (sexually) purified church elites. Those priorities enlisted the apostolic conception of Christ’s body and marginalized alternative conceptions of spiritual grace, particularly those implied within the Pauline model of the charisms. The cultural and textual negotiations that this rivalry elicited anchor the book’s central contentions regarding the angelic image and the spiritual gifts, which powerfully structured late medieval religious life. These images also operated within anchoritic texts as an immensely flexible shorthand for the intersecting but also rival ideals of corporate and hierarchical authority, on the one hand, and personal inspiration and charisma, on the other.
The Arrival of Angels
Authors: Easterling Joshua S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 traces the images of angels and sacred embodiment as these emerge within the culture of eleventh- and twelfth-century reforms and underwrite its suspicion (and ultimate rejection) of popular charismatics. In an unrecognized irony, reformers’ model of a sexually purified and angelic priesthood came to require both persistent defense and the unholy specter of demonic transfiguration (2 Cor. 11:14) as the countervailing threat to clerical authority and its narratives of spiritual power. The anxieties informing the several cultural transitions underway throughout the twelfth century were accordingly projected onto holy men and women, including anchorites, whose spirituality was often assumed to be in competition with that authority and potentially out of alignment with orthodox culture generally. Through forms of imitatio clerici/angeli, a subject to which later chapters will return, anchorites not only resembled their (at times unreformed) clerical counterparts but even outstripped them in charismatic power.
Charismatic Anchorites and the Making of Truth
Authors: Easterling Joshua S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines twelfth-century Cistercian writings as a record of contemporary unease with both popular spiritual currents and the putative corruptions of lay society in its influence on anchoritic life. In this context, John of Ford’s vita of the English anchorite Wulfric of Haselbury (d. 1154) articulates monastic emphases on virtue over charismatic graces. In relating Wulfric’s visions, the vita positions Christ’s sacramental body at the center of his spirituality, supporting as well ecclesiastical hostility toward twelfth-century apostolic movements and their potentially heterodox outgrowth. John, like other Cistercians, assumes strong affinities between vision and visitation, which in turn depended both on the various forms of angelic visitation (clerical, monastic, and celestial) and on elites’ interest in the specific content of anchoritic visions. Such writings overcome any rigid distinction between angels and clerics, angels and anchorites, and the charismatics of whom orthodox elites approved and those of whom they did not.
The Transformation of Perfection
Authors: Easterling Joshua S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 argues that the spiritual experiences of late medieval holy women, in particular their doubts about the Eucharist and their own salvation, were in many respects responses to orthodox figurations of sacred embodiment and the pollution fears that were repeatedly projected onto women. In this context, this chapter examines the Scale of Perfection, a work composed by the English writer Walter Hilton (d. 1394) who manages a set of ongoing contests over rival notions of perfection. Following a growing insistence among orthodox writers on Eucharistic devotion, the Scale subsumes the spiritual legitimacy of charismatic women to the sacrament and does so in a way that marginalizes the devotion of such women to their angels. It is also within the Scale and other late medieval religious writing that the prominent and intersecting ideals of perfection, the virtues, and sacred embodiment came to express a deepening suspicion of angelic charisms.
Rural and Agrarian Transformation 1984–2018 in Three Marginal Villages in Njombe Region, Tanzania
Authors: Friis-Hansen Esbern 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When the author of this chapter first visited the region he encountered a place that was characterized by very high levels of poverty. These villages had not been able to benefit from state investment in maize production. However, changes in agricultural production, migration of people outside the area, and remittances, and in particular the explosion of tree farming, tomatoes, and potatoes in a relatively rich area, combined with infrastructural improvements, have been transformative. Change here has been driven by a mutually interlinked set of processes entailing agricultural transformation involving changing farming and rural transformation in a changing rural economy. This is visible in changes to asset ownership as well as relational and social well-being.
Global Application of Intersectionality Theory
Authors: Bond Johanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter delves into examples of global intersectionality to illustrate the need for a thorough and consistent intersectional approach to human rights violations around the world. Although it is impossible to provide an exhaustive analysis of the many and varied types of intersectional human rights violations, this chapter offers multiple examples of intersectional human rights violations, including (1) gender-based violence, including both non-state actors who commit intimate partner violence and sexual violence in armed conflict; (2) maternal mortality and inadequate prenatal care in Brazil; (3) coerced sterilization among the Roma in Europe; (4) disproportionate discipline and punishment of Black girls in the United States; and (5) inconsistent LGBTQI rights. These case studies implicate different human rights, including the right to be free from violence, the right to education, and the right to the highest attainable standard of health. Each example demonstrates how a more nuanced, intersectional lens is necessary to capture the rights at stake and to contemplate appropriate remedies for victims of human rights violations in full.
Conclusion: An Intersectional Future for Human Rights
Authors: Bond Johanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Intersectionality has changed the way we think about human rights. It offers a complex, comprehensive, and nuanced approach that redounds to the benefit of victims seeking redress. It allows victims to articulate the multiple and intersecting forms of subordination that have negatively affected their lives. Intersectionality rejects the anemic and siloed approach to human rights that invariably fails to capture and remedy the complex, intersectional violations that characterize the lived experience of subordination for many people. Intersectionality has positively influenced human rights discourse ranging from the UN human rights treaty bodies to local human rights organizations that have incorporated the theory into their organizational missions. The theory is gaining ground in international human rights discourse, and it will continue to transform and expand our vision of appropriate remedies for human rights violations. Only by more accurately conceiving of intersectional human rights violations can we hope to provide meaningful and comprehensive remedies to those who have experienced violations of their rights.
The Effect of Preoperative Nutritional Intervention for Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
Authors: Oe Shin , Watanabe Jun , Akai Tatsuya , Makino Tomomi , Ito Midori , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Yamada Tomohiro , Ide Koichiro , Watanabe Yuh , Kurosu Kenta , Nakai Keiichi , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: September 2021

Study Design.
A prospective nutritional intervention study for adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients.

Objective.
To investigate how a nutritional intervention affects the incidence of postoperative medical complications and the nutritional status.

Summary of Background Data.
The medical complication rate in ASD surgery is very high, and one risk factor is malnutrition. Nutritional intervention may improve the patient's nutritional status and reduce risk, but this is unexplored regarding ASD surgery.

Methods.
Malnourished patients (i.e., a prognostic nutritional index [PNI] score of <50) scheduled for surgery after November 2018 (Group I) received nutritional intervention consisting of nutritional guidance and supplements on the surgery day. The medical complication rates between Group I and Group NI (malnourished patients who underwent surgery between January 2014 and October 2018; historical controls) were evaluated. The nutritional status courses of Group I and Group NI2 (patients who did not participate in nutritional intervention after November 2018) were assessed.

Results.
Group I had 24 patients in (mean age, 70 yr), and Group NI had 69 patients (mean age, 68 yr). The mean intervention duration was 41 days. The preoperative PNI score did not differ between the groups, but there was a significant difference in medical complications incidences (Group I: 25%; Group NI: 53.6%; P = 0.015). The nutritional status significantly deteriorated in Group I (PNI: 47–45; P = 0.011) and Group NI2 (61 patients; mean age, 68 yr; PNI: 52–48; P = 0.000), but the PNI changes were significantly smaller in Group I (ΔPNI: Group I: −1.9, Group NI 2: −3.5; P = 0.027).

Conclusion.
Nutritional intervention with guidance and supplements reduced postoperative medical complications in malnourished patients. The nutritional status of ASD patients requiring surgery also naturally worsened, suggesting that ASD may contribute to malnutrition. Nutritional intervention may reduce the nutritional status deterioration.

Level of Evidence: 3
Update on ophthalmic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and precision medicine
Authors: Lee Iris , Zickuhr Lisa , Hassman Lynn 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with manifestations in multiple organs including the eyes. Several ocular manifestations like dry eye, retinopathy, and choroidopathy have been linked with specific systemic manifestations like lupus nephritis or CNS disease. Furthermore, the presence of ocular manifesattions can correlated with the severity of SLE. Finally, some medications used in the treatment of uveitis can present with lupus-like disease. Therefore, communication between the ophthalmologist and rheumatologist is vital.

Recent findings
Ocular and systemic manifestations of SLE can be linked by common pathological processes including immune complex deposition, complement fixation, and vascular injury. Recent research correlating ophthalmic imaging with SLE disease has yielded heterogeneous results likely due to the clinical heterogeneity of SLE, but molecular technologies have and will continue to yield contributions to the emergence of new therapeutics for the treatment of SLE.

Summary
Ocular manifestations are prevalent in patients with SLE. The association with certain manifestations and other disease manifestations highlights the importance of collaboration between the ophthalmologist and rheumatologist. Additional research utilizing clinico-molecular techniques will likely continue to improve our knowledge in the treatment of SLE in the future.
IMT504 blocks allodynia in rats with spared nerve injury by promoting the migration of mesenchymal stem cells and by favoring an anti-inflammatory milieu at the injured nerve
Authors: Casadei Mailín , Fiore Esteban , Rubione Julia , Domínguez Luciana María , Coronel María Florencia , Leiguarda Candelaria , García Mariana , Mazzolini Guillermo , Villar Marcelo J. , Montaner Alejandro , Constandil Luis , Romero-Sandoval E. Alfonso , Brumovsky Pablo R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IMT504, a noncoding, non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, modulates pain-like behavior in rats undergoing peripheral nerve injury, through mechanisms that remain poorly characterized. Here, we chose the spared nerve injury model in rats to analyze the contribution of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the mechanisms of action of IMT504. We show that a single subcutaneous administration of IMT504 reverses mechanical and cold allodynia for at least 5 weeks posttreatment. This event correlated with long-lasting increases in the percentage of MSCs in peripheral blood and injured sciatic nerves, in a process seemingly influenced by modifications in the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis. Also, injured nerves presented with reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and increased transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-10 protein levels. In vitro analysis of IMT504-pretreated rat or human MSCs revealed internalized oligodeoxynucleotide and confirmed its promigratory effects. Moreover, IMT504-pretreatment induced transcript expression of Tgf-β1 and Il-10 in MSCs; the increase in Il-10 becoming more robust after exposure to injured nerves. Ex vivo exposure of injured nerves to IMT504-pretreated MSCs confirmed the proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory switch observed in vivo. Interestingly, the sole exposure of injured nerves to IMT504 also resulted in downregulated Tnf-α and Il-1β transcripts. Altogether, we reveal for the first time a direct association between the antiallodynic actions of IMT504, its promigratory and cytokine secretion modulating effects on MSCs, and further anti-inflammatory actions at injured nerves. The recapitulation of key outcomes in human MSCs supports the translational potential of IMT504 as a novel treatment for neuropathic pain with a unique mechanism of action involving the regulation of neuroimmune interactions.
Who are the placebo responders? A cross-sectional cohort study for psychological determinants
Authors: Wang Yang , Chan Esther , Dorsey Susan G. , Campbell Claudia M. , Colloca Luana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated substantial individual differences in placebo effects. We aimed to identify individual psychological factors that potentially predicted the magnitude of placebo hypoalgesia and individual responsiveness. The Research Domain Criteria framework and a classical conditioning with suggestions paradigm were adopted as experimental models to study placebo phenotypes in a cohort of 397 chronic pain participants with a primary diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and 397 healthy control (HC) participants. The magnitude of placebo hypoalgesia was operationalized as the average difference in pain ratings between the placebo and control conditions. The individual placebo responsiveness was identified as the status of placebo responders and nonresponders based on a permutation test. We observed significant placebo effects in both TMD and HC participants. A greater level of emotional distress was a significant predictor of smaller magnitude (slope b = −0.07) and slower extinction rate (slope b = 0.51) of placebo effects in both TMD and HC participants. Greater reward seeking was linked to greater postconditioning expectations (ie, reinforced expectations) in TMD (slope b = 0.16), but there was no such a prediction in HC participants. These findings highlight that negative valence systems might play a role in impairing placebo effects, with a larger impact in chronic pain participants than in healthy participants, suggesting that individuals reporting emotional distress and maladaptive cognitive appraisals of pain may benefit less from placebo effects.
Canadian surveillance study of complex regional pain syndrome in children
Authors: Baerg Krista , Tupper Susan M. , Chu Luan Manh , Cooke Nicole , Dick Bruce D. , Doré-Bergeron Marie-Joëlle , Findlay Sheri , Ingelmo Pablo M. , Lamontagne Christine , Mesaroli Giulia , Oberlander Tim F. , Poolacherla Raju , Spencer Adam Oscar , Stinson Jennifer , Finley G. Allen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study describes the minimum incidence of pediatric complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), clinical features, and treatments recommended by pediatricians and pain clinics in Canada. Participants in the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program reported new cases of CRPS aged 2 to 18 years monthly and completed a detailed case reporting questionnaire from September 2017 to August 2019. Descriptive analysis was completed, and the annual incidence of CRPS by sex and age groupings was estimated. A total of 198 cases were reported to the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program, and 168 (84.8%) met the case definition. The minimum Canadian incidence of CRPS is estimated at 1.14/100,000 (95% confidence interval 0.93-1.35/100,000) children per year. Incidence was highest among girls 12 years and older (3.10, 95% confidence interval 2.76-3.44/100,000). The mean age of CRPS diagnosis was 12.2 years (SD = 2.4), with the mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis of 5.6 months (SD = 9.9) and no known inciting event for 19.6% of cases. Most cases had lower limb involvement (79.8%). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (82.7%) and acetaminophen (66.0%) were prescribed more commonly than antiepileptic drugs (52.3%) and antidepressants (32.0%). Referrals most commonly included physical therapy (83.3%) and multidisciplinary pain clinics (72.6%); a small number of patients withdrew from treatment because of pain exacerbation (5.3%). Pain education was recommended for only 65.6% of cases. Treatment variability highlights the need for empiric data to support treatment of pediatric CRPS and development of treatment consensus guidelines.
Alternatives for Measuring Sitting Accumulation in Workplace Surveys
Authors: Clark Bronwyn K. , Stephens Samantha K. , Goode Ana D. , Healy Genevieve N. , Winkler Elisabeth A.H. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To develop and assess the measurement properties of self-report measures of accumulation of sitting time.

Methods:
Seven candidate measures were collected in 51 workers from three office environments (79% women) via online questionnaire administered immediately before and after 7-day monitoring periods (activPAL3 24-hour protocol with diary recorded work hours).

Results:
Three measures had some validity (P < 0.05 vs activPAL): % of sitting in long bouts more than or equal to 30 minutes, sitting strategy frequency (0 to 100), and interruption rate (n/h sitting). Agreement was limited. Some reliability (intraclass correlation or kappa P < 0.05) was seen for these measures, strategy variety (0 to 100), typical day (five categories), and making a conscious effort to sit less (yes/no).

Conclusions:
Two brief and one longer option may suit workplace studies requiring self-report measures of sitting accumulation. Validity was weaker for sitting accumulation than sitting time.
Head Roll-Tilt Subjective Visual Vertical Test in the Diagnosis of Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Yagi Chihiro , Morita Yuka , Kitazawa Meiko , Nonomura Yoriko , Yamagishi Tatsuya , Ohshima Shinsuke , Izumi Shuji , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Wada Yoshiro , Kitahara Tadashi , Horii Arata 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To examine the validity of head roll-tilt subjective visual vertical (HT-SVV) in diagnosing persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD).

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Sixty-one patients with PPPD, 10 with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH), and 11 with psychogenic dizziness (PD), showing chronic vestibular symptoms for >3 months.

Interventions:
Head-tilt perception gain (HTPG, i.e., mean perceptual gain [perceived/actual tilt angle]) during right or left head tilt of approximately 30° (HT-SVV) and conventional head-upright SVV (UP-SVV) were measured. Bithermal caloric testing, cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP), and posturography were conducted.

Main Outcome Measures:
Multiple comparisons were performed for the HT-SVV and other vestibular tests among the disease groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created to predict PPPD using HTPG.

Results:
HTPG was significantly greater in the PPPD group than in the UVH and PD groups. There were no significant differences in UP-SVV, cVEMP, oVEMP, and posturography (foam ratio and Romberg ratio on foam) among the disease groups, while the UVH group had the highest canal paresis compared to the other two groups. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting PPPD was 0.764, and the HTPG value of 1.202 had a specificity of 95.2% for diagnosing PPPD.

Conclusions:
While conventional vestibular tests including UP-SVV, VEMPs, and posturography did not show abnormalities in PPPD, high HTPG in the HT-SVV test, an excessive perception of head tilt, can be a specific marker for discriminating PPPD from other chronic vestibular diseases.