bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geotechnical site characterization using multichannel analysis of surface waves: A case study of an area prone to quick‐clay landslides in southwest Sweden
Authors: Salas‐Romero Silvia , Malehmir Alireza , Snowball Ian , Brodic Bojan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTQuick‐clay landslides are important geohazards in Sweden, Norway and Canada. While they have been studied using various geotechnical and geophysical methods, only a handful of seismic surveys have been reported for their studies. Here, we reprocess active‐source seismic data from a quick‐clay landslide site in southwest Sweden to complement earlier studies of reflection imaging and first‐break traveltime tomography with surface‐wave dispersion analysis. Results suggest extremely low shear‐wave velocities, even as low as 60–100 m/s. From a geotechnical perspective, this implies that the region classifies as a high‐risk zone for landslides and construction purposes. High or anomalous values of Poisson's ratio (or similarly P‐ and S‐wave velocity ratio) depict a zone within the normally consolidated sediments that likely represents a coarse‐grained layer, thus confirming earlier results from a number of boreholes drilled in the study area. Overall, the results presented further support to the previous hypothesis that the coarse‐grained layer plays a major role in the formation and creation of quick‐clay landslides in the study area. Additionally, an attempt to model the distribution of potential quick clays along one of the seismic profiles is performed through a combination of the modelled geophysical properties and soil textures. This study illustrates the potential of seismic methods, and how the integration of multiple geophysical properties and different data handling strategies can help to accurately characterize regions susceptible to quick‐clay landslides.
IMProVing directed energy deposition
Authors: Elsner Beatrix , Silze Frank , Marquardt Axel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDirected energy deposition (DED) is a powerful additive manufacturing technique that combines a high degree of freedom in design with relatively high deposition rates that can increase throughput. DED structures are created by repeatedly depositing weld beads from powder or wire feedstock, which also makes it an attractive technique for hybrid manufacturing because features can be added to a base component. However, the numerous heating and cooling cycles involved in the deposition process result in a complex thermal history that can entail distort the entire component.
New challenges for the laser micromachining community
Authors: Moglia Francesca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn one of EPIC's recent meetings about laser micromachining, lively discussions took place about how the supply chain can support machine builders to reach new frontiers in applications. Laser‐based surface functionalization is still a hot topic and laser micro‐drilling in glass has achieved very high throughput. We report here on the wish‐lists of end‐users, service and machine providers, including interesting opportunities to collaborate with them.
Posaconazole‐induced hypertension in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Marpole Rachael , Yeoh Daniel K. , Withers Adelaide L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPosaconazole is a triazole antifungal with a broad spectrum of activity against moulds including Aspergillus spp. Emerging data suggest posaconazole may be effective in the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicating cystic fibrosis (CF). Rarely, posaconazole can cause pseudohyperaldosteronism, manifesting as hypertension and electrolyte abnormalities, with a number of cases recently reported in individuals without CF. We describe two cases of children with CF who developed hypertension, likely due to pseudohyperaldosteronism, following the initiation of posaconazole for the treatment of ABPA.
Hidden in a group? Market reactions to multi‐violator corporate social irresponsibility disclosures
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Stephanie Lu , Li Dan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThe media often discloses multiple firms' corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) behaviors together (i.e., multi‐violator CSI disclosures). Drawing on attribution theory, we propose that multi‐violator CSI disclosures artificially create “violator groups.” Such violator groups weaken the extent to which investors attribute each violator firm's CSI behaviors to the firm itself and subsequently lessen negative market reactions toward the violator firm. Further, the temporal consistency and context diversity of the focal firm's past CSI behaviors mitigate the relationship between CSI disclosure type (i.e., multi‐violator vs. single‐violator CSI disclosures) and stock market reactions. Empirical findings based on a sample of 1,369 CSI disclosures linked to 506 S&P 1500 firms between 2010 and 2017 support our hypotheses.Managerial SummarySome public media reports disclose multiple firms' CSI behaviors together, while others disclose only one firm's CSI behaviors at a time. These two different frames can result in very different stock market reactions. We find that while the stock market reacts negatively to media reports of firms' CSI behaviors on average, negative reactions are weaker when the media discloses multiple firms' CSI behaviors than when only one firm's CSI behaviors are disclosed. However, this difference in market reactions to multi‐violator versus single‐violator CSI disclosures is smaller for firms that have engaged in many CSI behaviors or have engaged in many different types of CSI behaviors before.
Twin Higgs portal dark matter
Authors: Curtin David , Gryba Shayne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many minimal models of dark matter (DM) or canonical solutions to the hierarchy problem are either excluded or severely constrained by LHC and direct detection null results. In particular, Higgs Portal Dark Matter (HPDM) features a scalar coupling to the Higgs via a quartic interaction, and obtaining the measured relic density via thermal freeze-out gives definite direct detection predictions which are now almost entirely excluded. The Twin Higgs solves the little hierarchy problem without coloured top partners by introducing a twin sector related to the Standard Model (SM) by a discrete symmetry. We generalize HPDM to arbitrary Twin Higgs models and introduce Twin Higgs Portal Dark Matter (THPDM), which features a DM candidate with an SU(4)-invariant quartic coupling to the Twin Higgs scalar sector. Given the size of quadratic corrections to the DM mass, its most motivated scale is near the mass of the radial mode. In that case, DM annihilation proceeds with the full Twin Higgs portal coupling, while direct detection is suppressed by the pNGB nature of the 125 GeV Higgs. For a standard cosmological history, this results in a predicted direct detection signal for THPDM that is orders of magnitude below that of HPDM with very little dependence on the precise details of the twin sector, evading current bounds but predicting possible signals at next generation experiments. In many Twin Higgs models, twin radiation contributions to ∆Neff are suppressed by an asymmetric reheating mechanism. We study this by extending the νMTH and X MTH models to include THPDM and compute the viable parameter space according to the latest CMB bounds. The injected entropy dilutes the DM abundance as well, resulting in additional suppression of direct detection below the neutrino floor.
Black hole microstates from the worldsheet
Authors: Bufalini Davide , Iguri Sergio , Kovensky Nicolas , Turton David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently an exact worldsheet description of strings propagating in certain black hole microstate geometries was constructed in terms of null-gauged WZW models. In this paper we consider a family of such coset models, in which the currents being gauged are specified by a set of parameters that a priori take arbitrary values. We show that consistency of the spectrum of the worldsheet CFT implies a set of quantisation conditions and parity restrictions on the gauging parameters. We also derive these constraints from an independent geometrical analysis of smoothness, absence of horizons and absence of closed timelike curves. This allows us to prove that the complete set of consistent backgrounds in this class of models is precisely the general family of (NS5-decoupled) non-BPS solutions known as the JMaRT solutions, together with their various (BPS and non-BPS) limits. We clarify several aspects of these backgrounds by expressing their six-dimensional solutions explicitly in terms of five non-negative integers and a single length-scale. Finally we study non-trivial two-charge limits, and exhibit a novel set of non-BPS supergravity solutions describing bound states of NS5 branes carrying momentum charge.
Endemics determine bioregionalization in the alpine zone of the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot (South-West Asia)
Authors: Noroozi Jalil , Khalvati Sina , Nafisi Haniyeh , Kaveh Akram , Nazari Behnaz , Zare Golshan , Minaei Masoud , Vitek Ernst , Schneeweiss Gerald M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlpine habitats are characterized by a high rate of range restricted species compared to those of lower elevations. This is also the case for the Irano-Anatolian global biodiversity hotspot in South-West Asia, which is a mountainous area harbouring a high amount of endemic species. Using two quantitative approaches, Endemicity Analysis and Network-Clustering, we want to identify areas of concordant species distribution patterns in the alpine zone of this region as well as to test the hypothesis that, given the high proportion of endemics among alpine species, delimitation of these areas is determined mainly by endemic alpine species, i.e., areas of concordant species distribution patterns are congruent with areas of endemism. Endemicity Analysis identified six areas of concordant species distribution patterns irrespective of dataset (total alpine species versus endemic alpine species), whereas the Network-Clustering approach identified five and four Bioregions from total alpine species and endemic alpine species, respectively. Most of these areas have been previously identified using the endemic flora of different elevational zones. The identified units using both methods and both datasets are strongly congruent, proposing that they reveal meaningful distribution patterns. Bioregionalization in the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot appears to be strongly influenced by the endemic alpine species, a pattern likely to hold in alpine regions outside the Irano-Anatolian hotspot.
Genetische Epilepsien im Kindesalter
Authors: von Stülpnagel C. , Kluger G. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aktuell werden in der Epileptologie fast ausschließlich Medikamente eingesetzt, die gegen Anfälle wirken („Antikonvulsiva“). Diese beeinflussen die Pathophysiologie der individuell zugrunde liegenden Epilepsie wenig spezifisch im Sinne von „Antiepileptika“. Darauf zielt aber der Begriff „molekulare Pädiatrie“ ab.

Methodik
Ein großes internationales Netzwerk zum einfachen Erfahrungsaustausch von Klinikern über die Therapie von Kindern mit sehr seltenen genetischen Epilepsien ist das Network for Therapy of Rare Epilepsies (NETRE).

Ergebnisse
NETRE besteht seit 15 Jahren und ist in > 320 Gruppen gegliedert, die mit anderen Forschungsgruppen und Selbsthilfevereinigungen kooperieren. Einige Beispiele für klinische Charakteristika neuer Epilepsiegene werden vorgestellt (z. B. Kauanfälle bei SYNGAP1). Eine genetische Untersuchung kann helfen, eine diagnostische Odyssee, auch eine Fehl- oder Überbehandlung eines Patienten zu vermeiden. Aus den genetischen Befunden ergeben sich bislang nur in Einzelfällen gezielte Therapiemöglichkeiten, und diese bisher meist nur mit geringer Evidenz: z. B. Natriumkanalblocker bei SCN2A-Mutationen mit einer „gain of function“ oder Statine bei SYNGAP1-Mutationen. Epigenetische Faktoren wie „early neuroimpaired twin entity“ (ENITE) sind auch bei genetischen Epilepsien bedeutsam.

Diskussion
Der rasante Fortschritt in der genetischen Grundlagenforschung kommt einem Paradigmenwechsel im Verständnis von Pathophysiologie und klinischen Zeichen v. a. bei im frühen Kindesalter beginnenden Epilepsien gleich. Individualisierte Therapieansätze sind aktuell noch selten. Anamnese, klinische Untersuchung und Erfahrung bleiben wichtig. Ethische, psychologische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte einer breiten genetischen Diagnostik sind zu berücksichtigen.
Extended Larché–Cahn framework for reactive Cahn–Hilliard multicomponent systems
Authors: Clavijo Santiago P. , Espath Luis , Calo Victor M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt high temperature and pressure, solid diffusion and chemical reactions between rock minerals lead to phase transformations. Chemical transport during uphill diffusion causes phase separation, that is, spinodal decomposition. Thus, to describe the coarsening kinetics of the exsolution microstructure, we derive a thermodynamically consistent continuum theory for the multicomponent Cahn–Hilliard equations while accounting for multiple chemical reactions and neglecting deformations. Our approach considers multiple balances of microforces augmented by multiple component content balance equations within an extended Larché–Cahn framework. As for the Larché–Cahn framework, we incorporate into the theory the Larché–Cahn derivatives with respect to the phase fields and their gradients. We also explain the implications of the resulting constrained gradients of the phase fields in the form of the gradient energy coefficients. Moreover, we derive a configurational balance that includes all the associated configurational fields in agreement with the Larché–Cahn framework. We study phase separation in a three-component system whose microstructural evolution depends upon the reaction–diffusion interactions and to analyze the underlying configurational fields. This simulation portrays the interleaving between the reaction and diffusion processes and how the configurational tractions drive the motion of interfaces.
Analysis of saponins detoxification genes in Ilyonectria mors-panacis G3B inducing root rot of Panax notoginseng by RNA-Seq
Authors: Zeng Guohong , Li Jin , Ma Yuxiu , Pu Qian , Xiao Tian , Yang Ruihuan , Hu Xiufang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSaponins are kinds of antifungal compounds produced by Panax notoginseng to resist invasion by pathogens. Ilyonectria mors-panacis G3B was the dominant pathogen inducing root rot of P. notoginseng, and the abilities to detoxify saponins were the key to infect P. notoginseng successfully. To research the molecular mechanisms of detoxifying saponins in I. mors-panacis G3B, we used high-throughput RNA-Seq to identify 557 and 1519 differential expression genes (DEGs) in I. mors-panacis G3B with saponins treatments for 4H (Hours) and 12H (Hours) compared with no saponins treatments, respectively. Among these DEGs, we found 93 genes which were simultaneously highly expressed in I. mors-panacis G3B with saponins treatments for 4H and 12H, they mainly belong to genes encoding transporters, glycoside hydrolases, oxidation–reduction enzymes, transcription factors and so on. In addition, there were 21 putative PHI (Pathogen–Host Interaction) genes out of those 93 up-regulated genes. In this report, we analyzed virulence-associated genes in I. mors-panacis G3B which may be related to detoxifying saponins to infect P. notoginseng successfully. They provided an excellent starting point for in-depth study on pathogenicity of I. mors-panacis G3B and developed appropriate root rot disease management strategies in the future.
A comparative experimental study of visual brain event-related potentials to a working memory task: virtual reality head-mounted display versus a desktop computer screen
Authors: Aksoy Murat , Ufodiama Chiedu E. , Bateson Anthony D. , Martin Stewart , Asghar Aziz U. R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVirtual reality head mounted display (VR HMD) systems are increasingly utilised in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) in the experimental study of cognitive tasks. The aim of our investigation was to determine the similarities/differences between VR HMD and the computer screen (CS) in response to an n-back working memory task by comparing visual electrophysiological event-related potential (ERP) waveforms (N1/P1/P3 components). The same protocol was undertaken for VR HMD and CS with participants wearing the same EEG headcap. ERP waveforms obtained with the VR HMD environment followed a similar time course to those acquired in CS. The P3 mean and peak amplitudes obtained in VR HMD were not significantly different to those obtained in CS. In contrast, the N1 component was significantly higher in mean and peak amplitudes for the VR HMD environment compared to CS at the frontal electrodes. Significantly higher P1 mean and peak amplitudes were found at the occipital region compared to the temporal for VR HMD. Our results show that successful acquisition of ERP components to a working memory task is achievable by combining VR HMD with EEG. In addition, the higher amplitude N1/P1 components seen in VR HMD indicates the potential utility of this VR modality in the investigation of early ERPs. In conclusion, the combination of VR HMD with EEG/ERP would be a useful approach to advance the study of cognitive function in experimental brain research.
Service for Good
Authors: Robra-Bissantz Susanne , Lux Anna M. , Lattemann Christoph 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungVorspann: Die digitale Transformation geht Hand in Hand mit einem radikalen Wandel der Märkte. Gewinner beider Entwicklungen sind solche Unternehmen, die das Wohlergehen von Menschen in den Vordergrund stellen und „Service for Good“ anbieten.Auf dem Weg zu Service for Good: Die Entwicklungen der vergangenen Jahre führen uns vor Augen, dass sich grundlegende Annahmen über Märkte, Produkte und Wertschöpfung verändern. Die Gewinner der digitalen Transformation machen vor, was theoretische Fundamente der modernen Betriebswirtschaftslehre erklären: Die Zukunft liegt in der Gestaltung von Services, die auf die persönliche Situation von Menschen ausgerichtet sind. Eine Herausforderung des Human Life Engineering ist es, Potenziale der Digitalisierung für personennahe Dienstleistungen nutzbar zu machen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet hierfür notwendige Grundlagen der Service Logik und stellt mit der Service Canvas einen anwendungsorientierten Gestaltungsrahmen vor. Hieraus leitet sich ein Methodenset zum Design personennaher Dienstleistungen ab, das im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts eine erste praktische Anwendung fand. Ziel ist es, Unternehmen in der Gestaltung zukunftsorientierter Angebote zu begleiten, die das Wohlergehen von Menschen in den Vordergrund stellen: Service for Good.
A real-world assessment of mycophenolate mofetil for remission induction in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Philobos Mariana , Perkins Amy , Karabayas Maira , Dospinescu Paula , Fluck Nick , Kidder Dana , Chapman Fiona A. , Dhaun Neeraj , Basu Neil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a form of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for remission induction in AAV excluded patients with EGPA. Despite this, MMF is commonly used in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effectiveness and tolerance of MMF in EGPA remission induction. A retrospective, two-center, real-world study was conducted in patients with EGPA who received MMF in addition to prednisolone for newly diagnosed or relapsing disease between 2009 and 2019. Baseline, 3-, 6- and 12-month outcome data were extracted from electronic health records. The primary outcome was disease remission, defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score of 0 at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included disease relapse, median prednisolone dose at 12 months and drug tolerance. In total, 15 patients (73% male, median age 57) with EGPA (11 newly diagnosed/4 relapsing) were identified. At 6 months, 67% had achieved disease remission. At 12 months, this was maintained (66.7%) and 4 patients had relapsed. All but one patient remained on MMF at study completion and all patients tolerated MMF. Our real-world data suggest that MMF is an effective and well-tolerated agent for achieving disease remission in EGPA. A future randomized controlled trial of MMF in this neglected orphan disease is now warranted.
Expansive Growth vs. pH Reflects a Poisson Point Process of Binding/Unbinding Events in Plant Cell Walls
Authors: Pietruszka Mariusz A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paramount role of$$\mathrm{pH}$$pHand temperature$$\left(T\right)$$Tin the expansive growth of a plant coleoptile/hypocotyl non-meristematic zone or plant and fungal cells was examined within the framework of the underlying chemical bond statistics in order to reproduce an experimental plot of growth vs.$$\mathrm{pH}$$pH. Here, according to the definition,$$\mathrm{pH}=\mathrm{pH}\left({\mu }_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}\left(T\right), T\right)$$pH=pHμH+T,Tis considered as a function of the chemical potential of the H+(hydronium) ions ($${\mu }_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}})$$μH+), as well as an implicit and explicit function of$$T$$T. The derivation of the$$\mathrm{pH}$$pHand$$T$$Tdependent expansive growth distribution from the Poisson statistics of the “tethers” that reproduce the chemical bonds between microfibrils was determined. The probability distribution for the attachment/detachment/reattachment events of the tethers that are connected to the microfibrils in the elongation zone was obtained. The two distinct but interrelated modes of the expansive growth, which are known as “acid growth” and “auxin growth” were distinguished in the analytic model, while theacid growth hypothesiswas verified and confirmed at the semi-empirical and microscopic levels for the first time. Moreover, further perspectives, in which the macroscopic variables$$\left(P, V, T\right)$$P,V,Twith$$P$$Pstanding for the turgor pressure and$$V$$Vfor the cell volume, and the microscopic variables,$${E}^{{\varvec{d}},{\varvec{r}}}$$Ed,r, which represent the binding energies of the detachment/reattachment events at the expense of ATP energy, and$${\mu }_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}$$μH+can occur simultaneously, were identified. With a few assumptions that are partly based on experimental data it was possible to synthesise a link between the microscopic, explicit statistical explanation of bond dynamics and the macroscopic rheological properties of the cell wall at a given$$\mathrm{pH}$$pHand temperature. A statistical description that predicted the importance of$$\mathrm{pH}$$pHand temperature-dependent chemical potential of the H+ions in microscopic events that result in growth would be supposedly applicable across scales.