bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short and Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Intervention for Empyema in The Post-Fibrinolytic Era
Authors: Cain Caitlin J. , Margolis Marc , Lazar John F. , Henderson Hayley R. , Hamm Margaret E. , Malouf Stefanie C , Khaitan Puja Gaur 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Open window thoracostomy is indicated for patients with bronchopleural fistulae or trapped lung in the setting of empyema refractory to non-surgical interventions. We investigated the role of open window thoracostomy in the era of minimally invasive surgeries, endobronchial valves and fibrinolytic therapy.Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent open window thoracostomy at a single institution from 2010-2020 was performed. Indications for the procedure as well as operative details and morbidity and mortality were evaluated to determine patient outcomes for open window thoracostomy.Results: Eighteen patients were identified for the study. The most common indication for open window thoracostomy was post-resectional bronchopleural fistula (n=8). Patient comorbidities were quantified with the Charleston Comorbidity index (n=11 score≥5, 10-year survival ≤21%). Three (16.7%) patients died <30 days post-operatively and 12 (66%) patients were deceased by the study’s end (overall survival 24.0 ± 32.2 months). Mean number of ribs resected were 2.6 ± 1.2 (range 1-6). Patients were managed with negative pressure wound therapy (n=9) or Kerlix packing (n=9). Eleven patients (61.6%) underwent delayed closure (mean time from index surgery to closure 4.8 ± 6.7 months). Conclusions: Our study illustrates the significant comorbidities of patients undergoing open window thoracostomy, the poor outcomes therein, and pitfalls associated with this procedure. We show that negative pressure wound therapy can be utilized as potential way to obliterate the pleural space and manage an open chest in the absence of an airleak; however open window thoracostomy procedures continue to be extremely morbid.
Alkalo-Thermophilic Microbial Diversity of the Tecozautla Geyser, México
Authors: Segovia-Cruz Jesus Alberto , Souza Valeria , Mercado-Flores Yuridia , Anducho-Reyes Miguel Angel , Vargas-Hernández Genaro , Téllez-Jurado Alejandro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microbial mats have been studied in many thermal systems; the most iconic is Yellowstone. In Mexico, the information on microbial mats is scarce and therefore novel. In this research, the thermophilic microbial composition of samples from four areas of the Tecozautla geyser, Hidalgo, Mexico, was studied: sediments (GD), salt deposits (GA), and microbial mats (GB and GC). The samples were taken at the outlet of the geyser (94 °C) and in storage pools with temperatures of 61.5-65 °C. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons was carried out, obtaining 1,425,506 readings, and was analyzed through the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology software package version 2 (qiime2). 32 phyla were identified in the four samples being the most representative for the GA sample: Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Thermi, with abundances of 46.35, 19.18, 3.27, and 1.82 %, respectively. For the GB sample, they were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Thermi, and Firmicutes with abundances of 25.23, 22.04, 20.42, 12.31, 4.56, and 1.32 %, respectively. For the GC sample, abundances of 55.60, 9.85, 7.04, 7.01, and 6.15 % were observed for the phylum Chloroflexi, Armatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Acidobacteria, respectively. Finally, for the GD sample, the most abundant phyla were Chloroflexi (36.10 %), Cyanobacteria (17.13 %), Armatimonadetes (15.59 %), Proteobacteria (5.45 %), and Nitrospirae with (3.21 %). The metabolic functionality of the microbial communities present in the samples was inferred using the 16S rRNA amplicons. This work represents the first report of the microbial communities present in the Tecozautla geyser.
Anxiety and the associated factors among admitted surgical and medical patients, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfaw Getachew , Siyoum Merga , Salelew Endalamaw , Minichil Woredaw 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAnxiety is a common comorbid mental health problem with different medical illnesses and it can complicate major medical health problems. Despite its impact of physical functioning, quality of life, drug adherence, use of health service resources, good health behaviors, and increasing suicidal tendencies and mortality, it is neither diagnosed nor treated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and its determinants among admitted patients for the contribution of attempting optimal care for of these patients.MethodAn institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult surgical and medical inpatients from May 13 to June 12, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit a total of 590 participants. Hospital Anxiety Scale (HAS) was used to measure anxiety symptoms. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with anxiety symptoms. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to assess the strength of the association, and variables with p-value of < 0.05 was declared as statistically significant.ResultThe mean age of the participants was 39.71 ± 14.94 (SD), ranging from 18 to 66 years. About half (51%) of the respondents were male, the overall prevalence of anxiety was 62.7% with 95% CI (58.6, 66.9). In the multivariate analysis; female sex (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.80), being single (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.33, 3.01), previous history of admission (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.57) and multiple medical diagnosis (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.47) were factors significantly associated with anxiety symptoms.ConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of anxiety among medical and surgical inpatients was found to be high. Therefore, it is better to screen any risks of anxiety, and psychological assessment tests are better to be integrated into routine hospital inpatient care to prevent anxiety.
Endosomal traffic and glutamate synapse activity are increased in VPS35 D620N mutant knock-in mouse neurons, and resistant to LRRK2 kinase inhibition
Authors: Kadgien Chelsie , Kamesh Anusha , Khinda Jaskaran , Cao LiPing , Fox Jesse , Farrer Mathew J , Milnerwood Austen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) regulates neurotransmitter receptor recycling from endosomes. A missense mutation (D620N) in VPS35 leads to autosomal-dominant, late-onset Parkinson’s disease.
Methods

Here, we study the basic neurobiology of VPS35 and Parkinson’s disease mutation effects in the D620N knock-in mouse and the effect of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibition on synaptic phenotypes. The study was conducted using a VPS35 D620N knock-in mouse that expresses VPS35 at endogenous levels. Protein levels, phosphorylation states, and binding ratios in brain lysates from knock-in mice and wild-type littermates were assayed by co-immunoprecipitation and western blot. Dendritic protein co-localization, AMPA receptor surface expression, synapse density, and glutamatergic synapse activity in primary cortical cultures from knock-in and wild-type littermates were assayed using immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology.
Results

In brain tissue, we confirm VPS35 forms complexes with LRRK2 and AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA1 subunits, in addition to NMDA-type glutamate receptor GluN1 subunits and D2-type dopamine receptors. Receptor and LRRK2 binding was unaltered in D620N knock-in mice, but we confirm the mutation results in reduced binding of VPS35 with WASH complex member FAM21, and increases phosphorylation of the LRRK2 kinase substrate Rab10, which is reversed by LRRK2 kinase inhibition in vivo. In cultured cortical neurons from knock-in mice, pRab10 is also increased, and reversed by LRRK2 inhibition. The mutation also results in increased endosomal recycling protein cluster density (VPS35-FAM21 co-clusters and Rab11 clusters), glutamate transmission, and GluA1 surface expression. LRRK2 kinase inhibition, which reversed Rab10 hyper-phosphorylation, did not rescue elevated glutamate release or surface GluA1 expression in knock-in neurons, but did alter AMPAR traffic in wild-type cells.
Conclusions

The results improve our understanding of the cell biology of VPS35, and the consequences of the D620N mutation in developing neuronal networks. Together the data support a chronic synaptopathy model for latent neurodegeneration, providing phenotypes and candidate pathophysiological stresses that may drive eventual transition to late-stage parkinsonism in VPS35 PD. The study demonstrates the VPS35 mutation has effects that are independent of ongoing LRRK2 kinase activity, and that LRRK2 kinase inhibition alters basal physiology of glutamate synapses in vitro.
METABOLIC PROFILING, IN SILICO DOCKING AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM Phyllanthus muellerianus LEAVES
Authors: Obuotor Tolulope , AMOS KOLAWOLE , apalowo oladayo , AKANMO Adio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Global increase in the level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens has prompted the search for alternative treatment from medicinal plants. Phyllanthus muellerianus (PM) leaves has been used traditionally against microorganisms of medical importance, hence the need to evaluate the pharmacological pathways and mode of actions using in vitro and in silico approaches. Clinical isolates of eight (8) microorganisms associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were obtained and identified using morphological and biochemical methods. Phyllanthus muellerianus (PM) leaves were extracted and purified by solvent partitioning. Ethyl acetate fraction of PM had the highest yield and zone diameter range from 13.5±1.00mm to 28±1.53mm. The rate of protein leakage per time interval of Staphylococcus aureus increased from 9.29 μg/ml at 0 minute to 17.43 μg/ml at 120 minutes while leakage in Candida albicans also increased from 8.57 μg/ml at 0 minute to 70.43 μg/ml at 120 minutes. GCMS fingerprints, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic studies revealed the active agent as quindoline, an azaindoles and isoteres of indoles having a binding energy of -9.1 kcal/mol. Analyses of the structural and atomic orientations of quindoline, and superimposition on ciprofloxacin, a common antibiotic revealed an interesting comparison, effecting a stronger binding affinity of Quindoline-HMG-CoA complex.
A modified SIR model for the COVID-19 epidemic in China
Authors: Wang Jia-Le , Liu Yang , Liu Xu-Sheng , Shen Ke-Ming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of great importance to deeply understand the dynamics of this coronavirus spread. Based on the complexity of it, a modified susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model is applied to analyze the time dependence of active and hospitalized cases in China. The time evolution of the virus spread in different provinces was adequately modeled. Changeable parameters among them have been obtained and turned to be not naively independent with each other. The non-extensive parameter was found to be strongly connected with the freedom of systems. Taken into the prevention and treatment of disease, more measures by the government lead to higher values of it.
Outcome of significant pericardial effusion of infectious etiology in children: An observational retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Bhatt Dheeraj Deo , Verma Ankit , Ansari Ayub , Grover Vijay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Information on outcome of paediatric pericardial diseases from India is limited. Aim: To study the outcome of significant pericardial effusion of infectious etiology in children.Setting and Design: Retrospective analysis of significant pericardial effusion of infectious aetiology in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital of northern India during the last 10 yearsResults: Of the 74 patients, 71.6% (53/74) had tuberculosis, most being “probable” tubercular effusion. Pyogenic cases (17/74) usually had a pleura-pulmonary focus. Pericardial fluid adenosine deaminase and CT chest were useful diagnostic aids in tubercular effusions. Pericardiocentesis and surgery were done in 72.9 % (54/74) and 12.1% (9/74) respectively. On median follow up of 18 months, death or chronic constrictive pericarditis was seen in 2 patients each, both had tubercular effusions. Conclusions: Tuberculosis is still the commonest infectious cause of pericardial effusion in children from this part of the world. Current treatment protocol has improved the outcome of this once deadly disease.
Combined evaluation of long-lasting insecticidal nets, house screening and push-pull technology as appropriate interventions for integrated management of malaria vectors and cereal pests in Ethiopia: study protocol for household randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asale Abebe , Kassie Menale , Abro Zewdu , Enchalew Bayu , Belay Aklilu , Sangoro Peter O , Tchouassi David , Mutero Clifford M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The combined application of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) has led to mixed results (Significant reduction vs no impact) on malaria burden. Other studies have attempted to study the combined effects of house screening (HS) and LLINs have demonstrated a reduction in indoor vector densities and malaria when the interventions are combined. In addition to malaria vectored by mosquitoes, farmers living in rural settings face challenges from crop pests, which significantly reduce agricultural productivity and negatively impact their food security. Thus, addressing the coexisting risks of malaria and crop pests could contribute to improved livelihood of communities. Design: A three armed household, cluster-randomized, controlled study will be conducted to assess the impact of HS, LLINs and PPT against clinical malaria in children than LLINs alone in Ethiopia. The unit of randomization will be the household, which include a house and its occupants. A total of 663 households will be enrolled in this study. All the households will receive the LLINs. Then other treatments will be overlaid according to the randomization sequence. Thus, 246 households will receive HS, and 250 households will receive HS and PPT before the commencement of clinical follow-up. The rest 167 houses which received LLINs only will be used as control. One child aged not more than 14 years will be enrolled from each household and followed for clinical malaria using active case detection to estimate malaria incidence for two malaria transmission seasons. Results: Episodes of clinical malaria, the prevalence of anaemia, density of malaria vector mosquitoes, sporozoite infection rate, crop infestation rate due to stem borer and fall army worm, crop yield gain, livestock productivity and cost effectiveness analysis will be the end points of this study. Socio-economic, social demographic, cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted using qualitative and participatory methods to explore the acceptability of HS and PPT. Conclusion Documenting the combined impact of LLINs, HS and PPT on the prevalence of clinical malaria and crop pest damage will be the first of its kind and will provide deep insight and evidence base for forging collaborations between health and agriculture sectors. Trial Registration: The protocol was registered online on Date 28/05/2020 on sight www.pactr.org With registration No: PACTR202006878245287.
Deontologia adwokata kościelnego w procesie o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa
Authors: Kamiński Rafał 
Published: May 2021

Artykuł prezentuje obowiązki i prawa adwokata kościelnego, który występuje w procesie o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa, prowadzonym przez sąd kościelny. Omówione zostały nie tylko powinności i uprawnienia obrońcy, jakie przewiduje prawo kanoniczne, ale także sposób ich realizacji z uwzględnieniem norm etycznych, które są istotnym źródłem powinnego zachowania, a w przypadku adwokata kościelnego stanowią jego kodeks etyczny.
Osobne miejsce poświęcono kwestiom finansowym związanym z pracą adwokata oraz zasadom jakie powinny obowiązywać we wzajemnych relacjach uczestników procesu, w tym szczególnie we współpracy adwokata z sądem kościelnym.
Challenges and Perspectives in the Discovery of Dengue Virus Entry
Inhibitors
Authors: Gallo Facundo N. , Enderle Ana G. , Pardo Lucas A. , Leal Emilse S. , Bollini Mariela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Dengue virus (DENV) disease has become one of the major challenges in
public health. Currently, there is no antiviral treatment for this infection. Since human
transmission occurs via mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, most efforts have been focused
on the control of this vector. However, these control strategies have not been totally successful,
as reflected in the increasing number of DENV infections per year, becoming an
endemic disease in more than 100 countries worldwide. Consequently, the development
of a safe antiviral agent is urgently needed. In this sense, rational design approaches have
been applied in the development of antiviral compounds that inhibit one or more steps in
the viral replication cycle.
The entry of viruses into host cells is an early and specific stage of infection. Targeting either
viral components or cellular protein targets are an affordable and effective strategy
for therapeutic intervention of viral infections.
This review provides an extensive overview of the small organic molecules, peptides,
and inorganic moieties that have been tested so far as DENV entry direct-acting antiviral
agents. The latest advances based on computer-aided drug design (CADD) strategies and
traditional medicinal chemistry approaches in the design and evaluation of DENV virus
entry inhibitors will be discussed. Furthermore, physicochemical drug properties, such as
solubility, lipophilicity, stability, and current results of pre-clinical and clinical studies
will also be discussed in detail.
Molecular Mechanism of the Canonical Oncogenic lncRNA MALAT1
in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Xu Wen , Ding Mengdan , Wang Bei , Cai Yuxuan , Guo Chong , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Experimental evidence has shown that lncRNA MALAT1 is related
to proliferation ability, invasion and migration ability, autophagy ability, and chemoresistance
in gastric cancer. Moreover, MALAT1 is related to metastasis and patient
prognosis in gastric cancer. This review aims to reveal the biological functions and specific
mechanisms of MALAT1 in gastric cancer.

Methods:
After a comprehensive and systematic search in PubMed, various molecular
mechanisms of MALAT1 in mediating gastric carcinogenesis are collated and summarized.

Results:
MALAT1-mediated gastric cancer is involved in a variety of molecular mechanisms.
For example, MALAT1 can enhance the proliferation ability of gastric cancer
cells by inhibiting the expressions of miR-122, miR-1297, miR-22-3p, miR-202, etc.
MALAT1 enhances the metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer by participating in the
EMT process, PI3-Akt and other pathways. MALAT1 enhances the proliferation and invasion
of gastric cancer by inhibiting the function of the tumor suppressor gene PCDH10.
MALAT1 can increase the autophagy ability of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting
miR-183 and increasing the level of autophagy markers. MALAT1 enhances chemical resistance
by inhibiting UPF1 and miR-30e levels.

Conclusions:
MALAT1 is tightly linked to gastric carcinogenesis through various molecular
mechanisms. Moreover, MALAT1 is also closely associated with chemoresistance
and poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients, suggesting the possibility of its use as a
clinical therapeutic target and a promising independent risk factor for predicting patient
prognosis.
Current Non-viral Gene Therapy Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma
Authors: Asad Antonela Sofía , Candia Alejandro Javier Nicola , González Nazareno , Zuccato Camila Florencia , Seilicovich Adriana , Candolfi Marianela 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Glioblastoma constitutes the most frequent and aggressive primary
malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite the advances in its treatment, its prognosis
remains very poor. Gene therapy has been proposed as a complementary treatment since
it may overcome the problem of the blood-brain barrier for systemic therapies, allowing
to target tumor cells and their tumor microenvironment locally, without affecting the normal
brain parenchyma. In comparison with viral vectors, non-viral vectors became an attractive
tool due to their reduced potential of biosafety risks, lower cost, higher availability,
and easy storage.

Objective:
In this article, we aimed to outline the current preclinical and clinical developments
of non-viral delivery systems for therapeutic transgene delivery in malignant gliomas.

Conclusion:
Non-viral vectors are efficient tools for gene delivery since they exhibit reduced
non-specific cytotoxicity and can go through several modifications in order to
achieve high tumor tropism and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier to access the
tumor mass. However, further evaluations in preclinical models and clinical trials are required
in order to translate it into the neuro-oncology clinic.
Development and Application of Activity-based Fluorescent Probes for High-Throughput Screening
Authors: Li Xin , Cheng Juan 
Published: May 2021

:
High-throughput screening facilitates the rapid identification of novel hit compounds;
however, it remains challenging to design effective high-throughput assays, partially
due to the difficulty of achieving sensitivity in the assay techniques. Among the
various analytical methods that are used, fluorescence-based assays dominate due to their
high sensitivity and ease of operation. Recent advances in activity-based sensing/imaging
have further expanded the availability of fluorescent probes as monitors for high-throughput
screening of result outputs. In this study, we have reviewed various activity-based fluorescent
probes used in high-throughput screening assays, with an emphasis on their
structure-related working mechanisms. Moreover, we have explored the possibility of developing
additional and better probes to boost hit identification and drug development
against various targets.
Subcellular Imaging and Diagnosis of Cancer using Engineered Nanoparticles
Authors: Nannuri Shivanand H. , Nikam Ajinkya N. , Pandey Abhijeet , Mutalik Srinivas , George Sajan D. 
Published: May 2021

:The advances in the synthesis of nanoparticles with engineered properties are reported to have profound applications in oncological disease detection via optical and multimodal imaging and therapy. Among the various nanoparticle-assisted imaging techniques, engineered fluorescent nanoparticles show great promise from high contrast images and localized therapeutic applications. Of all the fluorescent nanoparticles available, the gold nanoparticles, carbon dots, and upconversion nanoparticles are emerging recently as the most promising candidates for diagnosis, treatment, and cancer monitoring. This review addresses the recent progress in engineering the properties of these emerging nanoparticles and their application for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In addition, the potential of these particles for subcellular imaging is also reviewed here.