bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The actual and ideal roles of haemophilia treatment centre social workers in the United States and the barriers to ideal roles
Authors: Geary Margaret K. , Kachalsky Ellen , Parnes Aric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionSocial Workers (SWs) provide valuable services on multidisciplinary teams of Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTCs). However, their roles have not been defined and standardized. This paper identifies six major SW roles, including counselling, case management, financial/insurance, outreach/programs, administrative, and grants/research. Roles were further classified as ‘actual’ roles, those that SWs were actively practicing, and ‘ideal’ roles, those that SWs felt were most important for their clients.AimThe goal of this study was to determine the actual and ideal roles of HTC SWs and the barriers to ideal roles.MethodsAn online survey was tested with a focus group and then e‐mailed to 147 SWs who were working in the 141 HTCs across the United States.ResultsFifty‐five percent of the SWs completed the survey. Data revealed that SWs’ most prominent actual role was case management in their work with three client sub‐populations: adult patients, paediatric patients and family members. However, SWs identified counselling as the ideal role that was most important for all client groups. Barriers to practicing ideal roles included lack of SW input, insufficient budgeted time and inadequate training. Salaries were found to be stagnant compared to 2010. Twenty‐five percent of SWs reported no supervision.ConclusionsSurvey results gave evidence that although HTC SWs were primarily engaged in case management roles, they wanted to take on larger counselling roles. Efforts should be made to eliminate barriers to ideal SW roles so that SWs can provide additional psychosocial services for HTC patients.
Lessons learnt from MDM2 fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation analysis of 439 mature lipomatous lesions with an emphasis on atypical lipomatous tumour/well‐differentiated liposarcoma lacking cytological atypia
Authors: Vargas Ana Cristina , Joy Christopher , Cheah Alison L , Jones Martin , Bonar Fiona , Brookwell Ross , Garrone Bernadette , Talbot Joel , Harraway James , Gill Anthony J , Maclean Fiona M 
Published: September 2021

AimsAmplification of the murine double minute‐2 (MDM2) gene, which is usually detected with fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH), is the key driving event for atypical lipomatous tumours (ALTs)/well‐differentiated liposarcomas (WDLs). We sought to determine the concordance between the histopathological findings and MDM2 FISH in the diagnosis of ALT/WDL, and to identify the histological features of MDM2‐amplified tumours lacking classic atypia.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all mature lipomatous lesions subjected to MDM2 FISH analysis at our institution. MDM2 FISH analysis was performed on 439 mature lipomatous lesions: 364 (82.9%) were negative and 75 (17%) were positive. In 17 of 75 (22.6%) ALTs/WDLs, cytological atypia was not identified on initial histological assessment, thus favouring lipoma. On review, these cases shared common histological features, consisting of a very low number of relatively small stromal cells within the tumour lobules, with mildly coarse chromatin and oval nuclei, admixed with unremarkable adipocytes in a tumour background devoid of fibroconnective septa, areas of fibrosis, or blood vessels. These cells matched the cells in which FISH showed MDM2 amplification. In contrast, 13 cases (3.5%) regarded as suspicious for ALT/WDL on the basis of histology lacked MDM2 amplification and were reclassified following the FISH findings.ConclusionsWe conclude that a subset of lipoma‐like ALTs/WDLs are not associated with any of the features typically described in ALT/WDL. Our study also showed that tumours >100 mm are more likely to be ALT/WDL; however, a history of recurrence or concerning clinical/radiological features was not significantly associated with classification as ALT/WDL.
Study on the protective effect of the dense slag layer on converter lining
Authors: Changhai Lv , Jing Li , Wei Yan , Chen Yan , Renxiang Lv 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the protective effect of the dense slag layer on the furnace lining is investigated through comparative sampling of residual bricks. The physical and chemical properties of the residual brick samples were tested, and the result showed that sample NO.1 had 7.9% higher bulk density, 37.6% lower apparent porosity, 41% higher flexural strength, and 14.3% higher compressive strength than sample NO.2. The residual carbon of sample NO.1 was normal, while the residual carbon oxidation loss rate of sample NO.2 was 36%. X‐ray diffractomer (XRD), optical microscope (OM), and EDS: scanning electron microscope‐Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM+EDS) were adopted to study the physical phase composition, microscopic morphology, and mineral phase composition and distribution of the dense slag layer. The slag layer was found to be highly alkaline and oxidizing, with 58–73% RO phase, 17–26% phosphorus‐rich phase, and 6–16% base phase in the mineral phases. The FactSage 8.1 thermodynamic software was used to simulate and calculate the melting temperature of each mineral phase. The presence of the high melting point phase and RO phase in the dense slag layer is an important reason for its ability against high temperature and high oxidation. The formation of the dense slag layer was related to the saturated solubility of MgO. The results indicated that the extremely unstable saturated solubility of magnesia had a greater effect on the dissolution rate of magnesia particles. External temperature and oxidation changes are important factors affecting the saturated solubility of MgO in the slag layer, and reducing the internal‐external heat and mass transfer rate could effectively improve the service life of the furnace lining.
Effect of zircon surface coating on alumina grog and its influences on the properties of low‐cement castables
Authors: Krishnan M. , Manikandan R. , Thenmuhil D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this investigation, four types of low‐cement castables (LCC) were prepared with sintered mullite, high alumina grog, unfired, and fired zircon coated on alumina grog. These castables were evaluated in terms of their physical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties. The castables prepared using sintered mullite showed good physical and thermal properties with higher TSR than castables with fired zircon coated on alumina grog due to higher mullite with lower anorthite phases. Fired zircon coated on alumina grog castables were superior with lower corrosion and higher TSR of castables to those of castables with unfired zircon coated on alumina grog and high alumina grog due to formation of zircon and zirconia phases and surface coated on alumina grog gave better corrosion resistance. Castables prepared using unfired zircon coated on alumina grog and high alumina grog showed poorer properties than the other castables due to formation of higher porosity of alumina grog.
Peripheral granular lymphocytopenia and dysmorphic leukocytosis as simple prognostic markers in COVID‐19
Authors: Horiuchi Yuki , Hayashi Fumiaki , Iwasaki Yosuke , Matsuzaki Akihiko , Nishibe Kumiko , Kaniyu Kimiko , Marutani Setsuko , Saito Kaori , Matsuoka Sachiko , Uchihashi Kinya , Miida Takashi , Ai Tomohiko , Tabe Yoko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDeveloping prognostic markers can be useful for clinical decision‐making. Peripheral blood (PB) examination is simple and basic that can be performed in any facility. We aimed to investigate whether PB examination can predict prognosis in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).MethodsComplete blood count (CBC) and PB cell morphology were examined in 38 healthy controls (HCs) and 40 patients with COVID‐19. Patients with COVID‐19, including 26 mild and 14 severe cases, were hospitalized in Juntendo University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between April 1 and August 6, 2020. PB examinations were performed using Sysmex XN‐3000 automated hematology analyzer and Sysmex DI‐60 employing the convolutional neural network‐based automatic image‐recognition system.ResultsCompared with mild cases, severe cases showed a significantly higher incidence of anemia, lymphopenia, and leukocytosis (P < .001). Granular lymphocyte counts were normal or higher in mild cases and persistently decreased in fatal cases. Temporary increase in granular lymphocytes was associated with survival of patients with severe infection. Red cell distribution width was significantly higher in severe cases than in mild cases (P < .001). Neutrophil dysplasia was consistently observed in COVID‐19 cases, but not in HCs. Levels of giant neutrophils and toxic granulation/Döhle bodies were increased in severe cases.ConclusionBasic PB examination can be useful to predict the prognosis of COVID‐19, by detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced multi‐lineage changes in blood cell counts and morphological anomalies. These changes were dynamically correlated with disease severity and may be associated with disruption of hematopoiesis and the immunological system due to bone marrow stress in severe infection.
Penicillin Allergy Delabeling Program: an exploratory economic evaluation in the Australian context
Authors: Brusco Natasha K. , Bury Susan , Chua Kyra Y. L. , Vogrin Sara , Holmes Natasha E. , Trubiano Jason A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInternationally, clinical and economic advantages of low‐risk penicillin delabelling have been explored, supporting changes to healthcare delivery systems where penicillin delabelling is embedded into inpatient usual care.AimsTo determine if economic advantages of low‐risk inpatient penicillin delabelling, described in the international literature, are realised in the Australian context.MethodsThis explorative economic evaluation had prospective patient data collection between January and August 2019, across two Australian health services. Part 1: determine the cost per effectively delabelled patient for Penicillin Allergy Delabeling Program inpatients (PADP cohort) compared with Outpatient Antibiotic Allergy Testing Service outpatients (OAATS cohort). Part 2: a cost analysis to compare hospital costs for inpatients with low‐risk penicillin allergy who did (PADP cohort) and did not (usual care cohort) undergo PADP delabelling.ResultsPart 1: the PADP (n = 350) and OAATS (n = 27 patients, n = 36 individual visits) cohorts were comparable. In PADP, costs/proportion delabelled was $20.10/0.98, equating to $20.51 per effectively delabelled patient; in OAATS, it was $181.24/0.50, equating to $362. Compared with OAATS, PADP was associated with savings of $341.97 per effectively delabelled patient, indicating the outpatient testing was the dominated strategy, being more costly and less effective. Part 2: the PADP (n = 218) and usual care (n = 32) cohorts were comparable. Significantly favouring the delabelled PADP cohort, the mean difference per patient was −4.41 days (95% confidence interval: −7.64, −1.18) and −$9467.72 (95% confidence interval: −$15 419.98, −$3515.46).ConclusionsConsistent with international literature, delabelling low‐risk penicillin allergies in the inpatient setting had economic advantages in the Australian context. Fully powered economic evaluations are urgently required to consolidate these findings.
Prediction accuracy of commonly used pneumonia severity scores in Aboriginal patients with severe community‐acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study
Authors: Tsai Danny , Secombe Paul , Chiong Fabian , Ullah Shahid , Lipman Jeffrey , Hewagama Saliya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere community‐acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is highly prevalent in the Aboriginal population. Few pneumonia severity scores are validated in this population.AimsTo assess the prediction accuracy of pneumonia severity scores in Aboriginal patients with SCAP and to identify risk factors for poor prognosis.MethodsRetrospective cohort study examining Aboriginal patients admitted to the intensive care unit with confirmed SCAP between January 2011 and December 2014. Severity scores were calculated for SMARTCOP (systolic blood pressure, multi‐lobar, albumin, respiratory rate, tachycardia, confusion, oxygenation and arterial pH), SMARTACOP (systolic blood pressure, multi‐lobar, albumin, respiratory rate, tachycardia, Aboriginal status, confusion, oxygenation and arterial pH), CURB‐65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age ≥65 years), pneumonia severity index, Infectious Diseases Society of America and American Thoracic Society SCAP, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II/III using medical records. Prediction accuracy of 30‐day mortality and requirement for intensive respiratory and/or vasoactive support (IRVS) were assessed using logistic regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Multivariate analysis was used to test associations between poor prognosis and demographic/clinical variables.ResultsA total of 203 cases (49% women) was identified. Thirty‐day mortality was 6.4% (n = 13), and 53% (n = 107) required IRVS. None of the tested pneumonia severity scores accurately predicted mortality. SMARTCOP and SMARTACOP predicted IRVS requirement with the highest diagnostic accuracy, but only achieved acceptable discrimination (P <0.001 and <0.001; AUROC = 0.74 and 0.75 respectively). APACHE II/III predicted both mortality (P = 0.003 and 0.001; AUROC = 0.74 and 0.73 respectively) and IRVS requirement (P <0.001 and <0.001; AUROC = 0.72 and 0.73 respectively). Multivariate analysis associated mortality with male gender, cirrhosis, immunosuppression and acidaemia, and IRVS requirement with multi‐lobar pneumonia, hypotension and tachypnoea. Multivariate analysis for mortality and IRVS requirement achieved an AUROC of 0.93 and 0.87 respectively.ConclusionNone of the pneumonia severity scores accurately predicted mortality. We recommend SMARTACOP to predict IRVS requirement in Aboriginal patients with SCAP. Given Aboriginal patients are over‐represented in Australian intensive care units, a new score is warranted for this understudied population.
Low rates of venous thromboembolism in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients: an Australian experience
Authors: Ong Jeremy , Walker Patricia , Singh Kasha P. , Bishop Emma , Htun Kay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolic (VTE) complications appear common in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients, particularly among critically ill patients in intensive care units. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the reported use of thromboprophylaxis.AimsThe primary objective was to determine rates of symptomatic VTE in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients. Secondary objectives were to assess adherence to an institutional risk‐adapted thromboprophylaxis guideline, and rates of bleeding complications.MethodsA retrospective, single‐centre, cohort study was performed in consecutive hospitalised COVID‐19 patients over a 6‐month period (March to August 2020). Enoxaparin was used as thromboprophylaxis in all patients without a contraindication, with dose adjusted according to disease severity, weight and renal function.ResultsAmong 86 hospitalised COVID‐19 patients, no VTE were identified. Eighty‐one (94%) patients received anticoagulation, with 90% adherence to institutional thromboprophylaxis guidelines. Four bleeding events occurred, with one clinically relevant non‐major bleeding event and three minor bleeding events.ConclusionLow rates of VTE were identified in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients using a risk‐adapted thromboprophylaxis protocol.
Do peripheral protein oligomers in neurodegenerative diseases shape T cell responses beyond the brain?
Authors: Ferguson Annabelle , Milling Simon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases place a devastating burden on affected individuals and their families, and new treatments are desperately needed for these common immune‐mediated inflammatory conditions. While large aggregates of abnormal proteins in the brain cause significant damage, it is becoming clear that smaller soluble protein aggregates can also contribute to disease, by both direct and indirect mechanisms. These soluble protein oligomers can be found in patients' serum. Here, we describe recent research that identifies effects of model oligomer molecules on peripheral blood T cells, therefore providing an additional mechanism by which neurodegeneration may be worsened through amplification of peripheral adaptive immune responses.
Synthesis‐condition recommender system discovers novel inorganic oxides
Authors: Hayashi Hiroyuki , Kouzai Keita , Morimitsu Yuta , Tanaka Isao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccurately predicting successful synthesis conditions to prepare new pseudo‐binary oxides remains a challenge despite extensive research. This study presents a synthesis‐condition recommender system to efficiently explore a wide chemistry space composed of 10 206 pseudo‐binary oxide compositions. As a training dataset, we systematically performed 1542 synthesis experiments by a polymerized complex method. The results were organized into a tensor‐type database. Then we scored 66 150 unexperimented synthesis conditions by the tensor‐decomposition method and arranged the results in the order of increasing predicted score. We selected 300 synthesis conditions from the top predictions of unexperimented compositions and verified the predictive performance by conducting additional experiments. The fraction of successful syntheses was approximately proportional to the predicted scores, validating the synthesis‐condition recommender system. Additionally, the synthesis experiments for the high‐scored conditions led to the discovery of two yet‐to‐be‐found pseudo‐binary oxides: La4V2O11 and La7Sb3O18. La4V2O11 and La7Sb3O18 have similar crystal structures to γ‐Bi4V2O11 and La7Ru3O18, respectively. The synthesis‐condition recommender system gave higher predicted scores to the successful synthesis conditions of those materials.
A qualitative content analysis study using electronic medical records to understand youth suicide attempts
Authors: Piper Karen , Young Cara C. , V. Jones Kristian , Lawson Karla A. , Wesson Catherine L. , Barczyk Amanda N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProblemSuicide is the second leading cause of death for people aged 10–24 in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine circumstances youth self‐reported when presenting to hospitals due to a suicide attempt.MethodsA qualitative content analysis of clinicians' notes identified major themes of patients' lived experiences and circumstances leading up to suicide attempt.FindingsA total of 231 unique patient encounters were included in this study. Mean age of participants was 14.71 (SD = 2.04) the majority being female (75%) and Non‐Hispanic White (48%). Four themes characterized contributing factors: (1) trauma, (2) relationship quality, (3) risky behaviors, and (4) personal emotions and symptoms.ConclusionsFindings suggest commonalities among these youths' circumstances and experiences which may have precipitated a suicide attempt. These data will aid nurses and other health‐care providers in understanding the complex, and often traumatic, histories of youth who attempt suicide. Improved knowledge in this area has the potential to direct improved screening, treatment, and referral protocols as well as suggest areas to focus prevention efforts.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha acts as a bridge factor for crosstalk between ERK1/2 and caspases in hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of cementoblasts
Authors: Yong Jiawen , von Bremen Julia , Groeger Sabine , Ruiz‐Heiland Gisela , Ruf Sabine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHypoxia‐induced apoptosis of cementoblasts (OCCM‐30) may be harmful to orthodontic treatment. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) mediates the biological effects during hypoxia. Little is known about the survival mechanism capable to counteract cementoblast apoptosis. We aimed to investigate the potential roles of HIF‐1α, as well as the protein‐protein interactions with ERK1/2, using an in‐vitro model of chemical‐mimicked hypoxia and adipokines. Here, OCCM‐30 were co‐stimulated with resistin, visfatin or ghrelin under CoCl2‐mimicked hypoxia. In‐vitro investigations revealed that CoCl2‐induced hypoxia triggered activation of caspases, resulting in apoptosis dysfunction in cementoblasts. Resistin, visfatin and ghrelin promoted the phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression in OCCM‐30 cells. Furthermore, these adipokines inhibited hypoxia‐induced apoptosis at different degrees. These effects were reversed by pre‐treatment with ERK inhibitor (FR180204). In cells treated with FR180204, HIF‐1α expression was inhibited despite the presence of three adipokines. Using dominant‐negative mutants of HIF‐1α, we found that siHIF‐1α negatively regulated the caspase‐8, caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 gene expression. We concluded that HIF‐1α acts as a bridge factor in lengthy hypoxia‐induced apoptosis in an ERK1/2‐dependent pathway. Gene expressions of the caspases‐3, caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 were shown to be differentially regulated by adipokines (resistin, visfatin and ghrelin). Our study, therefore, provides evidence for the role of ERK1/2 and HIF‐1α in the apoptotic response of OCCM‐30 cells exposed to CoCl2‐mimicked hypoxia, providing potential new possibilities for molecular intervention in obese patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Adiponectin improves amyloid‐β 31‐35‐induced circadian rhythm disorder in mice
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Li Chen , Guo Shuai , Sun Cong , Ning Na , Hao Haihu , Wang Li , Bian Yunfei , Liu Huirong , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdiponectin is an adipocyte‐derived hormone, which is closely associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has potential preventive and therapeutic significance. In the present study, we explored the relationship between adiponectin and circadian rhythm disorder in AD, the effect of adiponectin on the abnormal expression of Bmal1 mRNA/protein induced by amyloid‐β protein 31‐35 (Aβ31‐35), and the underlying mechanism of action. We found that adiponectin‐knockout mice exhibited amyloid‐β deposition, circadian rhythm disorders and abnormal expression of Bmal1. Adiponectin ameliorated the abnormal expression of the Bmal1 mRNA/protein caused by Aβ31‐35 by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). These results suggest that adiponectin deficiency could induce circadian rhythm disorders and abnormal expression of the Bmal1 mRNA/protein, whilst exogenous administration of adiponectin may improve Aβ31‐35‐induced abnormal expression of Bmal1 by inhibiting the activity of GSK3β, thus providing a novel idea for the treatment of AD.