bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of malnourishment on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and susceptibility to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
Authors: Zillen Daan , Movig Kris L. L. , Kant Gert , Masselink Joost B. , Mian Paola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcetaminophen hepatotoxicity is thought to be primarily caused by formation of the specific reactive metabolite N‐acetyl‐para‐benzo‐quinone imine (NAPQI). Malnourished individuals are at increased risk of acetaminophen‐related hepatotoxicity. We report a case of low acetaminophen clearance in a severely underweight young woman, and elaborate on the possible effects of malnutrition on the total clearance of acetaminophen as well as on the separate contributions of the different metabolic pathways.Case reportAn 18‐year‐old Caucasian woman weighing 43 kg with a history of eating disorder‐related hospital admissions presented at the emergency department after having ingested 33 tablets of acetaminophen 500 mg two hours earlier. She then received intravenous N‐acetylcysteine for 33 h. Nine hours after ingestion, the acetaminophen elimination half‐life (t½) was estimated to be >100 h.DiscussionWhile decreased total acetaminophen clearance (twofold) due to malnutrition has been reported in literature, the extremely low clearance in this specific patient cannot be explained. Malnourished individuals generally have reduced antioxidant reserves, coinciding with a shift in metabolic routes toward oxidative metabolism. This may result in increased formation of NAPQI and reduced neutralizing capacity, thereby increasing the risk of acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity. Evidence for this observation can be found in animal and to a lesser extent in human studies.
Diagnosing granulomatous disease during appendectomy
Authors: Şenaylı Atilla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDifficulties during surgery are uncommon situations in appendectomy. For granulomatous appendicitis, literature is insufficient about surgical findings. The procedure of a 17‐year‐old male patient was a struggle due to adhesions. I thought a surgeon could expect granulomatous diseases by evaluating the macroscopic appearance of the appendix during surgical procedure.
A surprising finding during solid‐phase gastric emptying scintigraphy
Authors: Hambye Anne‐Sophie , Kosmopoulou Olga 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn case of repeated episodes of abdominal discomfort and vagal symptoms, especially occurring after ingestion of a rich meal, the diagnosis of intermittent volvulus could be considered. The sudden arrival of large amounts of partially digested food in the intestine after spontaneous resolution might be associated with a dumping syndrome.
Emphysematous gastritis
Authors: Takase Ryosuke , Fukuda Naoko , Sui Osamu , Hagiya Hideharu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn 89‐year‐old woman who had type 2 diabetes mellitus suddenly presented with abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed thickening of the wall and intramural gas in the gastric hilum, suggesting emphysematous gastritis. The patient underwent treatment with a proton‐pump inhibitor and broad‐spectrum antibacterial agents.
Phase 1 Maximal Use Pharmacokinetic Study of Tirbanibulin Ointment 1% in Subjects With Actinic Keratosis
Authors: Yavel Regina , Overcash J. Scott , Cutler David , Fang Jane , Zhi Jay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTirbanibulin is a novel tubulin polymerization and Src kinase signaling inhibitor. This study was designed to fully characterize tirbanibulin pharmacokinetics (PK) when applied topically under maximal use conditions. This was an open‐label, parallel‐group PK safety study of tirbanibulin ointment 1% applied to 25 cm2 of the face or balding scalp in adults with actinic keratosis (AK). Eligible subjects self‐applied tirbanibulin once‐daily for 5 days. PK sampling occurred on days 1, 3 and 4 at 0 hour (before dosing), and on day 5 at prespecified time points up to 24 hours after application. Safety assessments included adverse events and local skin reactions were evaluated up to day 29. Eighteen subjects (face or scalp, n = 9 each) completed the study. Subjects were White (100%), of mean [range] age 66.4 [43‐83] years, predominantly men (83.3%) with Fitzpatrick skin type I to III (94.4%); baseline AK lesion count, mean [range] 8.2 [6‒14]. All subjects had quantifiable but low plasma concentrations of tirbanibulin. On day 5, overall mean (standard deviation) maximum concentration (Cmax) was 0.26 (0.23) ng/mL (or 0.60 nM), median time to maximum concentration was 6.91 hours, and mean (standard deviation) area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 24 hours was 4.09 (3.15) ng ∙ h/mL. Four subjects experienced a total of 5 treatment‐emergent adverse events that resolved. Mild to moderate erythema, flaking, or scaling in the treatment area peaked around day 8 before resolving or returning to baseline by day 29. In conclusion, under maximal use conditions, tirbanibulin ointment 1% for 5 days in the treatment of AK on the face or scalp was well tolerated and resulted in low systemic exposure with subnanomolar plasma concentrations.
Effect of Diamine Bridge on Reactivity of Tetradentate ONNO Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Pruszkowska Kamila , Stasyuk Olga A. , Zep Anna , Krówczyński Adam , Sicinski Rafal R. , Solà Miquel , Cyrański Michał K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo new square planar ONNO nickel(II) complexes C2_core and C3_core have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and DFT calculations. The experimental results revealed the effect of the length of diamine bridge in the ligand on the behavior of the studied complexes in the reaction with N‐heterocyclic aromatic amines, while DFT calculations provided a basis for the rationalization of this observation. The complex with propylenediamine bridge (C3_core) readily reacts with pyridine and its derivatives to form high‐spin (paramagnetic) complexes with octahedral geometry as characterized by X‐ray diffraction; electron‐donating substituents on the pyridine ring facilitate the coordination of axial ligands. In contrast, the complex with ethylenediamine bridge (C2_core) does not undergo such a reaction because of the high deformation energy of the core required for the formation of C2_Py complex.
Understanding curricula as theories of action
Authors: Hannah Darren , Sinnema Claire , Robinson Viviane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurriculum reforms often fail because teachers are asked to implement approaches to teaching and learning that are contrary to their beliefs about students and how to teach them. Since curriculum reforms are attempts to resolve particular educational problems, failures in implementation produce parallel failures to resolve the problem for which the curriculum was the intended solution. We propose an approach to understanding curricula that makes the mismatch between assumptions about teaching and learning in policy and teachers' practice apparent. By describing curricula as theories of action we can explain why teachers persist in teaching as they usually do. Once described, the gap between policy and implementation can be bridged by creatively redesigning the current theories that underpin them. We demonstrate this approach to understanding curricula by describing the espoused and enacted locally designed curriculum of a Japanese junior and senior high school programme and find that teachers' strongly held beliefs about their students constrained them from enacting the active student‐centred approaches they had initially espoused. In so doing, we show how even where there is broad agreement between teachers and policy makers there may be a considerable gap between the curriculum that was intended and that which is enacted in the classroom. By deeply understanding and comparing the assumptions underpinning both curricula, we explain such mismatches and discuss how they might be reduced through creative and principled reformulation.
Synchronous uterine and bladder cancers detected in urine and vaginal samples by cytology
Authors: Narine Nadira , Rana Durgesh , Shelton David , Awad Dina , O'Flynn Helena , Jones Eleanor R. , Ryan Neil A. J. , Crosbie Emma J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNovel diagnostics for uterine cancer are urgently needed to reduce the burden of invasive testing for the majority of healthy women with postmenopausal bleeding. We have previously shown that uterine cancer cells can be detected by cytology in urine and vaginal samples with high diagnostic accuracy. Here, we demonstrate its potential to distinguish malignant cells of different aetiologies in the same urogenital biofluid sample according to their distinctive morphology and immunoprofiles. Synchronous tumours of the urogenital tract are uncommon but can cause diagnostic confusion, delays and poor outcomes. A 79‐year‐old woman presented to accident and emergency with postmenopausal bleeding. Voided urine and Delphi screener‐collected vaginal samples were assessed by cytology and immunocytochemistry. Two malignant cell populations with distinct morphology and immunophenotypes consistent with synchronous uterine and urothelial tumours were identified. Subsequent routine diagnostics confirmed concurrent uterine carcinosarcoma and high‐grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. This case demonstrates that cytology and adjunctive immunocytochemistry can simultaneously identify and phenotype cancers of different aetiologies from a single urogenital biofluid sample. This can help rationalise diagnostic pathways in complex, unusual cases of dual urogenital primaries.
Neonatal procedural pain affects state, but not trait anxiety behavior in adult rats
Authors: de Kort Anne R , Joosten Elbert A , Patijn Jacob , Tibboel Dick , van den Hoogen Nynke J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe influence of neonatal experiences upon later‐life affective behavior is increasingly recognized, but the reported effects on anxiety are often contradictory. The observed effect may depend upon the type of anxiety (state or trait) affected. The current study aims to investigate whether neonatal repetitive needle pricking alters anxiety behavior in adulthood, by assessing both state and trait anxiety in rats. Sprague–Dawley rat pups received four unilateral needle pricks per day, while controls received four tactile stimuli or were left completely undisturbed during the first postnatal week. Mechanical sensitivity was assessed in the neonatal phase and throughout the development. State anxiety was assessed in the open field test and trait anxiety in the elevated zero maze. The results show that repetitive needle pricking leads to acute mechanical hypersensitivity, but does not affect baseline mechanical sensitivity throughout development. In adulthood, animals previously exposed to neonatal procedural pain (including repetitive handling and removal from litter) showed lower state anxiety but did not differ in trait anxiety, as compared with the undisturbed controls. These findings indicate that early‐life procedural pain decreases state but not trait anxiety behavior in later life in a rodent model of repetitive needle pricking.
Assessing forest degradation using multivariate and machine‐learning methods in the Patagonian temperate rain forest
Authors: Fajardo Alex , Llancabure Juan C. , Moreno Paulo C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe process of forest degradation, along with deforestation, is the second greatest producer of global greenhouse gas emissions. A key challenge that remains unresolved is how to quantify the critical threshold that distinguishes a degraded from a non‐degraded forest. We determined the critical threshold of forest degradation in mature stands belonging to the temperate evergreen rain forest of southern Chile by quantifying key forest stand factors characterizing the forest degradation status. Forest degradation in this area is mainly caused by high grading, harvesting of fuelwood, and sub‐canopy grazing by livestock. We established 160 500‐m2 plots in forest stands that represented varied degrees of alteration (from pristine conditions to obvious forest degradation), and measured several variables related to the structure and composition of the forest stands, including exotic and native species richness, soil nutrient levels, and other landscape‐scale variables. In order to identify classes of forest degradation, we applied multivariate and machine‐learning analyses. We found that richness of exotic species (including invasive species) with a diameter at breast height (DBH) < 10 cm and tree density (N, DBH > 10 cm) were the two composition and structural variables that best explained the forest degradation status, e.g., forest stands with five or more exotic species were consistently found more associated with degraded forest and stands with N < 200 trees/ha represented degraded forests, while N > 1,000 trees/ha represent pristine forests. We introduced an analytical methodology, mainly based on machine learning, that successfully identified the forest degradation status that can be replicated in other scenarios. In conclusion, here by providing an extensive data set quantifying forest and site attributes, the results of this study are undoubtedly useful for managers and decision makers in classifying and mapping forests suffering various degrees of degradation.
Assessing dynamic vegetation model parameter uncertainty across Alaskan arctic tundra plant communities
Authors: Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Serbin Shawn P. , Carman Tobey B. , Fraterrigo Jennifer M. , Genet Hélène , Iversen Colleen M. , Salmon Verity , McGuire A. David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the Arctic region moves into uncharted territory under a warming climate, it is important to refine the terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) that help us understand and predict change. One fundamental uncertainty in TBMs relates to model parameters, configuration variables internal to the model whose value can be estimated from data. We incorporate a version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) developed for arctic ecosystems into the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn) framework. PEcAn treats model parameters as probability distributions, estimates parameters based on a synthesis of available field data, and then quantifies both model sensitivity and uncertainty to a given parameter or suite of parameters. We examined how variation in 21 parameters in the equation for gross primary production influenced model sensitivity and uncertainty in terms of two carbon fluxes (net primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration) and two carbon (C) pools (vegetation C and soil C). We set up different parameterizations of TEM across a range of tundra types (tussock tundra, heath tundra, wet sedge tundra, and shrub tundra) in northern Alaska, along a latitudinal transect extending from the coastal plain near Utqiaġvik to the southern foothills of the Brooks Range, to the Seward Peninsula. TEM was most sensitive to parameters related to the temperature regulation of photosynthesis. Model uncertainty was mostly due to parameters related to leaf area, temperature regulation of photosynthesis, and the stomatal responses to ambient light conditions. Our analysis also showed that sensitivity and uncertainty to a given parameter varied spatially. At some sites, model sensitivity and uncertainty tended to be connected to a wider range of parameters, underlining the importance of assessing tundra community processes across environmental gradients or geographic locations. Generally, across sites, the flux of net primary productivity (NPP) and pool of vegetation C had about equal uncertainty, while heterotrophic respiration had higher uncertainty than the pool of soil C. Our study illustrates the complexity inherent in evaluating parameter uncertainty across highly heterogeneous arctic tundra plant communities. It also provides a framework for iteratively testing how newly collected field data related to key parameters may result in more effective forecasting of Arctic change.
Ferrocene‐derivative Electrochemical Probe for the Selective Detection of Carcinoma‐associated STn Antigen
Authors: Soares da Silva Maria Luísa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFerrocene‐derivatives have a well‐defined electrochemical behaviour, which can be changed upon binding to other molecules (including nonelectroactive species), as the conjugate presents a slower diffusion to the electrode surface. Therefore, the binding event can be easily detected by monitoring the decrease in the current intensity of the ferrocene‐derivative oxidation peak. An electrochemical probe composed of ferrocenecarboxylic acid conjugated with Sambucus nigra agglutinin was prepared and used to selectively detect the STn antigen, a pan‐carcinoma glycobiomarker. The probe showed high selectivity towards the STn antigen present in glycoproteins and demonstrated effectiveness in the analysis of serum samples from carcinoma patients.
Analysis of protein phosphorylation combining capillary electrophoresis with ATP analog labeling technique
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Yaoqi , Huang Xiangyi , Ren Jicun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is one of the most basic mechanisms for regulating and controlling protein biological activity and function, and it is also a very important posttranslational modification process. Protein phosphorylation participates in and regulates many life activities such as signal transduction, gene expression, cell cycle, and so on. In this paper, we propose a method for the determination of the protein phosphorylation combining capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ATP analog labeling technique. We synthesized two new ATP analogs (ATP‐NB and ATP‐TATD‐NB) functionalized by norbornene. Using Abl kinase as a model, we established a method for the determination of the kinase activity in solution and lysate by CE with laser‐induced fluorescence detection (CE‐LIF). This method was used to evaluate the efficiencies of kinase inhibitors. The IC50 values obtained are basically consistent with the reports. By D–A reaction (inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction) to label TZ‐BODIPY fluorescence, we also realized the phosphorylation fluorescence detection of substrate peptide. Then, we used fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging technology to study the phosphorylation of proteins in vivo by the D–A reaction of ATP‐NB and TZ‐BODIPY. Our preliminary results documented that the combination of CE‐LIF with analog ATP‐NB labeling technique is an effective strategy for the determination of the protein phosphorylation and the kinase activity and for screening of kinase inhibitors. The D–A reaction of ATP‐NB and TZ‐BODIPY also laid the foundation for the subsequent in situ study of protein phosphorylation.
Retracted: Comparative molecular docking and molecular‐dynamic simulation of wild‐type‐ and mutant carboxylesterase with BTA‐hydrolase for enhanced binding to plastic
Authors: Lameh Fatana , Baseer Abdul Qadeer , Ashiru Abubakar Garba 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to the literature review, microbial degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by PETases has been detected effective and eco‐friendly. However, the number of microorganisms capable of such feats is limited with some undesirable bioprospecting results. BTA‐hydrolase has been already reported capable of degrading polyethylene terephthalate. Therefore, mutation by in silico site‐directed mutagenesis means to introduce current isomer of PETase for polyethylene terephthalate degradative capability as a better approach to resolve this issue. This study aimed to use in silico site‐directed mutagenesis to convert a carboxylesterase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus to BTA‐hydrolase from Thermobifida fusca by replacing six amino acids in specific locations. This work was followed by molecular docking analysis with polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene to compare their interactions. The best‐docked enzyme‐substrate complex was further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation to gauge the binding quality of the BTA‐hydrolase, wild‐type and mutant‐carboxylesterase with only polyethylene terephthalate as a substrate. Results of molecular docking revealed lowest binding energy for the wild‐type carboxylesterase‐polypropylene complex (‐7.5 kcal/mol). The root‐mean‐square deviation value was observed stable for BTA‐hydrolase. Meanwhile, root‐mean‐square fluctuation was assessed with higher fluctuation for the mutated residue Lys178. Consequently, the Rg value for BTA‐hydrolase‐ligand complex (∼1.68 nm) was the lowest compared to the mutant and wild‐type carboxylesterase. The collective data conveyed that mutations imparted a minimal change in the ability of the mutant carboxylesterase to bind to polyethylene terephthalate.
Techno‐economic assessment of a new biomass‐driven cogeneration system proposed for net zero energy buildings
Authors: Mohammadikhah Fazel , Javaherdeh Kourosh , Mahmoudimehr Javad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the techno‐economic feasibility of a new biomass‐driven cogeneration system designed to fulfill all energy requirements (i.e., electricity, hot water, cooling, and heating) of a grid‐connected building throughout the year. The proposed system is also expected to achieve the goal of zero energy building (ZEB). A 10‐story residential complex is considered as the present case study. The study is carried out for three cities of Iran with different climate conditions (mild, hot, and cold) and with the annual energy requirements of about 104,472 kWh, 128,784 kWh, and 142,518 kWh, respectively. After defining two objective functions (“annual actual benefit” and “loss of building requirements supply probability”), the system is optimized by using the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II). The results show that the designed system is economically viable with the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of about 0.15–0.2 $/kWh. The results also indicate that if the cost of CO2 emission is taken into consideration, the annual benefit of the system is decreased by 16%–25%. Finally, a sensitivity analysis shows that heat generation cost and electricity selling price have the most and the least effect on the system's annual benefit, respectively.