bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregivers’ perceptions about picky eating: associations with texture acceptance and food intake (379.3)
Authors: van der Horst Klazine , Eldridge Alison , Deming Denise , Reidy Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

Picky‐eating children accept only a limited number of foods, are unwilling to try new foods, have strong food preferences (likes/dislikes), and more often require special preparation of foods. Appropriate texture introduction is important and might impact food acceptance and picky eating, but not much is known about texture acceptance in picky eating infants and toddlers. In this study, data from the 2008 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) was used to examine associations between picky eating and food group consumption, intake of various types of vegetables, and texture acceptance in infants and toddlers between 4 and 48 months. The percentage of children identified as very picky eaters by their caregivers increased from 3.4% in 6‐12 month olds to 15.6% in 36‐48 months old children. Between 36 and 48 months old, 57% of parents indicated that their child is a very or somewhat picky eater. At the same time, caregivers perceived 17.8% of infants between 0 and 6 months to be resistant of food textures, which might be normal in a phase of introducing first solids. Surprisingly, parents report increasing prevalence’s of children’s resistance to food textures, with a prevalence of 36% for children between 2 and 4 years old. Shifts in the intake of types of vegetables, e.g. how picky eaters shift from baby food vegetables to non‐baby foods, and associations with texture acceptance will be presented.Grant Funding Source: Funded by Nestlé Nutrition
Osteopontin supplementation of formula shifts the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome to be more similar to breastfed infants (38.3)
Authors: Donovan Sharon , Monaco Marcia , Drnevich Jenny , Lönnerdal Bo , Kvistgaard Anne , Peng Yong‐mei 
Published: June 2021

OPN is a key modulator in cell‐mediated immune and anti‐inflammatory responses that is present in breast milk, but not infant formula. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to study the impact of bovine OPN in formula on infant PBMC gene expression. Mothers chose to either breast‐(BF) or formula‐feed their infant. Formula‐fed infants received: formula (FF), formula with 65 mg/L (F65) or 130 mg/L (F130) OPN. Blood samples were collected at 1, 4 and 6 mos of age, PBMC were isolated, RNA extracted and gene expression assessed using the Affymetrix HuGene 2.0ST gene chip. To evaluate patterns of gene expression, Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed on 6,441 probe sets with an overall 4x3 ANOVA FDR p‐value<0.3. Three modules (4066 probe sets) identified patterns where FF65 infants were similar to BF and different from FF and F130 across time. Functional analysis was performed with MetaCore. Pathways with higher expression in BF and F65 focused on cell proliferation and cell‐cell adhesion, supporting increased production and maturation of immune cells. In contrast, PBMC from FF and F130 infants expressed more genes related to immunoglobulin synthesis and receptors, including a gene associated with risk of childhood allergy. Thus, supplementing infant formula with OPN shifted PBMC gene expression to be more similar to BF and may support improved immune development.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: Arla Foods Ingredients and Biostime
Gender differences in participation in a mHealth intervention to promote lifestyle changes in Latin America (380.8)
Authors: Kanter Rebecca , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , Martinez Homero 
Published: June 2021

Background: In public health, often men are harder to reach than women. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer a solution. Quantifying how effective a mHealth intervention is in reaching both genders is critical for progress in this field.Objective: To explore if a mHealth intervention reaches both genders equally, identifying perceived barriers and potential solutions.Methods: A quantitative and qualitative survey was given to a random sub‐sample of subjects who participated in a 1 y mHealth intervention to promote lifestyle change (monthly phone calls and weekly SMS) in Argentina, Guatemala, and Peru (n = 20‐40 per country). Chi‐squared tests were used to determine gender differences in active participation in the intervention. All qualitative information was thematically coded and analyzed in Dedoose.Results: The perceived active participation in the intervention did not vary significantly (p<0.05) by gender. More men than women found the calls to promote better dialogue to facilitate lifestyle change. Men and women listed different barriers to not attaining monthly goals about diet and physical activity. Men had more suggestions for improving the intervention.Conclusions: A mHealth intervention had equal reach regarding gender, which is important for public health programs. Lifestyle changes are hard, but mHealth methods can facilitate these changes in poor urban settings in Latin America.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NHLBI and UHG
Effects of prolonged calorie restriction on inflammation and immune function: a randomized controlled trial in non‐obese humans (40.4)
Authors: Meydani Simin , Das Sai , Piper Carl , Lewis Michael , Dixit Vishwadeep , Gupta Alok , Villareal Dennis , Klein Samuel , Bhapkar Manjushri , Huang Megan , Fuss Paul , Roberts Susan , Holloszy John , Fontana Luigi 
Published: June 2021

Calorie restriction (CR) is shown to improve inflammatory and immune responses and extend life in animals; however, the effect of prolonged CR in humans has not been studied. CALERIE is a multi‐center randomized controlled trial, which evaluated the impact of 2 y of 25% CR on key biological functions. As part of the CALERIE we determined the impact of CR on immune and INFL markers of 218 healthy adults aged 21‐50 y with BMI of 22‐ 29 kg/m2. Participants were allocated in a 2:1 ratio to 25% CR or ad‐libitum (AL) diets. Serum markers of inflammation (CRP, TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐8, ICAM‐1, MCP‐1), as well as WBC counts (total and subset), and antibody response to hepatitis A, tetanus/diphtheria, and pneumococcal vaccines were measured at baseline and after 1 and 2 y of CR. CR significantly reduced CRP and TNFα relative to AL at 24 mo. The estimated change from baseline to 24 mo was ‐0.65 vs. ‐0.023 μg/mL for CRP (p=0.012 for group effect), and ‐0.77 vs. ‐0.38 pg/mL for TNFα (p=0.025 for group effect). No significant effect was observed for other inflammatory markers. In addition, CR was associated with a small, but significantly lower number of WBC, lymphocytes, and monocytes. There was no significant effect of CR on DTH or response to vaccines. These results suggest that 2 y of CR may reduce key indicators of inflammation, but has only a small or negligible impact on cell mediated immunity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH U01AG022132, U01AG020478, U01AG020487, and U01AG020480.
Long‐term nicotine exposure elevates the expression of alpha7‐nicotinic receptors (α7‐nAChRs) in human squamous cell lung cancer cells via Sp1/GATA proteins (405.4)
Authors: Dasgupta Piyali , Brown Kathleen , Perry Haley , Lau Jamie , Jones Dennie , Pulliam Joseph , Thornhill Brent , Crabtree Clayton , Chen Y 
Published: June 2021

Smoking has a strong association with the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (SCC‐L). Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, promotes the proliferation of SCC‐Ls via the α7‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7‐nAChRs). We explore the effect of long‐term nicotine treatment on α7‐nAChR levels in SCC‐L in vitro and in vivo. Nicotine increased the expression of α7‐nAChR in a concentration‐dependent and time‐dependent manner in three human SCC‐L cell lines. We also found that the levels of α7‐nAChR in SCC‐Ls (isolated from heavy smokers) were greater than the levels in SCC‐L tumors isolated from moderate smokers. The upregulation of α7‐nAChR upon nicotine treatment was confirmed in chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) models. Real‐time PCR and luciferase assays showed that nicotine increased α7‐nAChR levels by transcriptional mechanisms in SCC‐L cells. ChIP‐Re‐ChIP showed that nicotine induced the binding of GATA4 or GATA6 to Sp1 on the α7‐nAChR‐promoter, thereby increasing its levels in H520 SCC‐L cells. We also performed ChIP‐re‐ChIP assay in SCC‐L tumors isolated from patients with heavy to moderate smoking history and obtained similar results. Long‐term nicotine exposure could upregulate α7‐nAChRs on SCC‐L, thereby promoting its progression and metastasis. Our data is relevant to SCC‐L patients exposed to nicotine via second‐hand smoke or nicotine cessation devices.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute YCSA Grant and an NIH R15‐AREA Grant
Cardioprotective and anti‐atherosclerotic use of a biopolymer‐encapsulated glycosyltransferase inhibitor (607.9)
Authors: Chatterjee Subroto , Bedja Djahida , Mishra Sumita , Amuzie Christine , Foss Catherine , Pomper Martin , Boonipat Thanapoom , Nair Vineet , Bhattacharya Rahul , Yarema Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Although atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy are synonymous with a western diet, very little is known about the effects of lowering glycosphingolipid load on interfering with such diet ‐induced phenotypes. Herein, we show that encapsulation of a glycosphingolipid glycosyltransferase inhibitor D‐threo‐1‐phenyl‐2 decanoylamino‐3‐morpholino‐1‐propanol(D‐PDMP) within a biopolymer markedly increased its efficacy in interfering with atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy in Apo E ‐/‐ mice. Our imaging studies revealed that the residence time of 125I ‐tagged biopolymer encapsulated D‐PDMP in mice is ~24hrs compared with 1hr for native D‐PDMP.ApoE‐/‐ mice fed a western diet had markedly increased coronary artery atherosclerosis, aortic intima thickness (AoIMT ) and vascular stiffness. This was completely reversed by feeding mice 1mpk D‐PDMP encapsulated within the biopolymer (1BP) and this was comparable to mice fed 10mpk D‐PDMP alone. The activity of glycosyltransferases,,lipids and genes implicated in their regulation were markedly increased in apo‐/‐ mice fed western diet and this was interfered by treatment with 1BP.Intriguingly, western diet also caused extensive cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by a time ‐dependent decrease in fractional shortening and an increase in left ventricular mass. Accompanied with increased gene expression for atrial naturetic factor (ANP) and brain naturetic factor (BNP)‐established biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy. Treatment with 1BP and or 10mpK D‐PDMP reversed cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers and cardiac function e.g. fractional shortening as well as left ventricular mass. Thus, encapsulation of D‐PDMP within a biopolymer is at least 10‐fold more efficacious in interfering/ameliorating atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy in western diet fed apoE‐/‐ mice as compared to D ‐PDMP alone.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NHLBI grant P01HL107153.
Pentoxifylline induces GSK‐3β‐independent proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1 and arrests renal cancer cells in the G1 phase (616.5)
Authors: Cai Wesley , Mastrandrea Nick , Tham Kim , Monks Terrence , Lau Serrine 
Published: June 2021

Cyclin D1 is required for progression from G1 into S phase of the cell cycle. Over‐expression of cyclin D1 causes an increase in cell cycle progression and proliferation. Canonical cyclin D1 degradation is initiated by phosphorylation of Thr286 by GSK‐3β. QTRRE (rodent) and ACHN (human) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines exhibit elevated levels of cyclin D1. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is used as an adjunct in chemotherapy to treat cachexia. We report that PTX causes a time‐ and dose‐dependent decrease in cyclin D1 levels and G1 cell cycle arrest in QTRRE and ACHN cells. RT‐PCR analysis showed no significant changes in cyclin D1 mRNA. However, PTX’s ability to decrease cyclin D1 was prevented by the proteasome inhibitor, MG‐132. Inhibition of GSK‐3β with LiCl in the presence of PTX failed to rescue cyclin D1 levels. PTX increased pSer9 on GSK‐3β, indicative of an inhibition of GSK‐3β activity. Following siRNA knockdown of GSK‐3β, PTX retained the ability to decrease cyclin D1 levels. Moreover, PTX treatment in the presence of MG‐132 revealed no increase in pThr286 compared to control. Our data indicate that PTX initiates GSK‐3β‐independent proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1 and arrests the RCC cells in the G1 phase. Because our findings demonstrate a novel anti‐cancer property of PTX, its use as an adjuvant therapy in RCC treatment should be further explored.Grant Funding Source: Supported by ES006694, AstraZeneca Studentship, T32ES016652
Dairy consumption is associated with a lower risk of stunting in Ethiopian children 6‐24 months of age (620.10)
Authors: Ghosh Shibani , Suri Devika , Griffiths Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

Background: Stunting can negatively impacting physical and mental development. Dairy consumption has been associated with lower risk of being stunted in many populations.Objective: Examine the association between dairy consumption and prevalence of stunting in Ethiopian children 6‐24 months of age.Methods: Analysis of 2011 Demographic Health Survey data was conducted to examine feeding practices of infants and young children along with types of foods consumed, number of meals consumed, food groups and their relationship to being stunted or not across the different regions of Ethiopia. Correlations and odds ratios were calculated.Results: Rates of stunting are variable by region in Ethiopia with Addis Ababa showing the lowest rates (13%) and Tigray the highest (52%). This was followed by Amhara, Affar and Bishangul‐Gumuz regions. Dairy was the most common animal source food but was consumed in low amounts in Tigray, Amhara and Bishangul‐Gumuz (10‐20% of children). Most regions less than 2.5 meals and less than 2 groups were consumed by infants aged 6‐24 months. Regions with higher dairy consumptions are more likely to have lower rates of stunting. Consumption of diary was associated with a lower risk of being stunted (χ2=20.2 and p<0.001, adjusted R2 =0.26). Stunted children were likely to report consuming more meat but the association was not significant.Conclusions: Dairy consumption in Ethiopian children 6‐24 months of age is associated with stunting. Different regions in Ethiopia vary by rates of stunting and consumption of dairy is lowest in regions of Amhara Tigray and Bishangul‐Gumuz but not Affar, all regions where rates of stunting are high.
Adherence to small‐quantity lipid based nutrient supplement among young Burkinabe children (624.19)
Authors: Abbeddou Souheila , Hess Sonja , Yakes Jimenez Elizabeth , Somé Jérôme , Guissou Rosemonde , Ouedraogo Zinewendé , Vosti Stephen , Ouedraogo Jean‐Bosco , Brown Kenneth 
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Adherence to recommended supplementation regimens can affect the impact of the product. Our objective was to compare different approaches for estimating adherence to small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) in a randomized clinical trial.Methods: 2453 children 9‐18mo of age were randomly assigned to receive daily 20g SQ‐LNS with varying contents of zinc. During weekly home visits, reported adherence was collected through caregiver interview and disappearance rate was calculated based on returned packages. In a randomly selected subgroup (n=192), consumption of SQ‐LNS was observed during 12h home visits in 11 and 16mo old children. At 15mo, an independent team interviewed caregivers about consumption of SQ‐LNS during the previous day/week (n=349).Results: Average daily reported adherence was 97% ± 6%. Disappearance rate also indicated high weekly adherence with 98% ± 5%. By contrast, home observation showed that only 58% and 48% of children at 11 and 16mo, respectively received SQ‐LNS during the observation periods (P visit time=0.51). This resulted in 50% difference between reported and observed consumption of SQ‐LNS. During the 15mo independent interview, mothers reported that 94% and 89% of children consumed the full dose of SQ‐LNS during the previous day/week, respectively.Conclusion: Discrepancy among results suggests possible over‐reporting of adherence to SQ‐LNS, and consumption by children outside the 12h home observation.Grant Funding Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Nutri one‐on‐one: improving patients’ metabolic profile with one‐on‐one nutritional coaching in a clinical setting (627.1)
Authors: King Jennifer , Harris Jeffrey , Kuo David , Daghigh Farzaneh 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: More than one‐third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese. Some of the leading causes of death are due to complications of chronic conditions related to metabolic disorders and obesity. One on one health coaching will assist people in adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors that prevent and control diseases through phases of effective goal setting, motivational interviewing, and collaboration with health care providers.Objectives: This study’s aim was to positively influence patients’ nutritional habits and lifestyle through a brief one on one coaching session. The effects of one on one nutritional education are analyzed through goal setting, motivational lessons, and follow‐up to improve lifestyle.Methodology: Patients were interviewed to gain insight into their daily nutritional routines and patients’ anthropometric histories were obtained. Patients were then encouraged to set a primary health goal. A personalized nutritional lesson was administered to address the health goal and current nutritional behaviors. The patient and health coach then arrived at three simple and obtainable lifestyle modifications to reach the initial goal. Obstacles were addressed and a follow‐up phone call was scheduled to obtain self‐reported results and insure accountability and support.Results: The study included 57 adult patients (39 female, 18 male) with metabolic disorders and demonstrated an overwhelming success with nutritional fact recollection, progress on the readiness scale, goal achievement, and in office experience satisfaction. A majority of patients showed willingness and motivation to continue implementing a healthy lifestyle.Conclusion: Personalized one on one nutritional coaching tailored to patient’s goal proved to be successful. Tailored education on healthy living, nutrition, and motivational techniques continued to create positive behavior modification. The follow‐up sessions provided reinforcement in sustaining success.Grant Funding Source: Philadelpollege of Osteopathic Medicine & CCDA
Higher fat mass percent is associated with decreased HIV disease progression in HIV+ adults (628.2)
Authors: Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Riedel Pamela , Baum Marianna , Greer Pedro , Li Yinghui , Dizon Kimberly , Martinez Sabrina , Luisi Sonya , Nagi Gagandeep , Fleetwood Christina , Stewart Tiffanie , Campa Adriana 
Published: June 2021

Background: This longitudinal study examines the relationship between FM%, an indicator for higher caloric intake and markers of disease progression (CD4 cell counts and viral loads).Methods: A secondary analysis was done on data gathered from an observational study on HIV infected patients. FM% was obtained from bio impedance analysis and CD4 cell counts and viral loads were obtained from medical charts. A total of 267 participants were included. Multiple Linear Regressions were used for cross‐sectional analysis and Mixed Models were used for overtime analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Mean age was 49.41±5.61 years, 62.1% were males and 71% were African Americans. The mean baseline CD4 counts were 516.71± 342.39 cells/mm3 and viral loads were 2.5±1.1 log10 copies/μL. FM% was associated with higher CD4 cell counts (β=‐5.39, p=0.019) at baseline and this association strengthened by controlling for age, gender, ART and BMI (β=‐5.72, p=0.013). FM% was also associated with higher CD4 cell counts over six months (β=4.619, p=0.016).Conclusion: Higher FM % measured cross‐sectionally and over time predicted improved markers of HIV disease progression.Grant Funding Source: NIDA
Greater obesity among breast cancer cases compared to controls from the Breast Cancer Risk Model in Pacific Islander Study in Guam and Saipan (628.8)
Authors: LeonGuerrero Rachael , Novotny Rachel , Wilkens Lynne , Blas Michelle , Chong Marie 
Published: June 2021

The BRISK study compared BMI and waist circumference measurements of breast cancer cases (n=107) versus controls (n=184). In this case‐control study of women (n=291) living on Guam and Saipan, demographic, medical history and anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and waist circumference were collected from each participant. BMI was classified as obese (BMI蠅30), overweight (BMI 25‐29.9), or healthy weight (BMI<25). A waist‐for‐height ratio greater than 0.5 was used to classify participants as ‘at risk’. Cases and controls did not differ in body weight (μ=74.3kg) or BMI (μ = 30.4). However, waist circumference was higher (p<0.05) among cases versus controls (100.1 cm versus 95.8 cm). A higher proportion of controls were ‘healthy weight’ (BMI<25) compared to cases (29.2% versus 18.5%); cases were more likely to be either ‘overweight’ and/or ‘obese’ compared to controls. A high proportion of both cases and controls were classified ‘at risk’, as indicated by waist‐for‐height measurements (97.5% and 87.1%), and a higher proportion of cases vs controls were considered ‘at risk’. Anthropometric data suggests that both breast cancer cases and controls are at elevated risk for chronic disease, though cases have higher levels than controls.Grant Funding Source: Supported by a NCI MI/CCP Grant #U54‐CA‐143727
Enhanced iron‐folic acid supplementation program reduces risk of under 5 mortality in Nepal (636.2)
Authors: Dibley Michael , Nisar Yasir , Mebrahtu Saba , Paudyal Naveen , Devkota Madhu , Maharjan Macha 
Published: June 2021

Objective To investigate the impact of a program to improve coverage of antenatal IFA supplementation on child survival in Nepal using pooled data from 3 Nepal DHS (2001, 2006 and 2011).Methods Survival information from 13,009 singleton most recent live‐born infants within the 5 years prior to each interview was used. The primary outcomes were mortality indicators for under‐5 children and the main exposure variable was implementation of enhanced IFA program. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses was conducted and adjusted for X potential confounders and the sampling design.Results After the implementation of enhanced IFA program, early neonatal mortality was significantly reduced by 53% (aHR: 0.47, 95% CI 0.26, 0.84, p=0.012) compared to before the program started. The risk of infant mortality was significantly reduced by 49% (aHR: 0.51, 95% CI 0.31, 0.82, p=0.006), and by 38% (aHR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.39, 0.99, p=0.043) for under‐5 mortality after implementation of the enhanced program.Conclusion A program to improve IFA coverage significantly reduced the risk of under‐5 deaths in Nepal by nearly 40%. The greatest magnitude of risk reduction was for early neonatal deaths.