bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Dynamic Ocean Color Provinces to Elucidate Drivers of North Sea Hydrography and Ecology
Authors: Taylor Marc H. , Akimova Anna , Bracher Astrid , Kempf Alexander , Kühn Bernhard , Hélaouët Pierre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOcean biogeochemical provinces have historically been used to characterize regions of similar biogeography, allowing for large‐scale comparisons and the definition of possible management units. Recent studies have shown that ocean color (OC) may be used as a proxy for a range of physical and biological parameters, allowing for a more direct approach in defining and monitoring provinces. The current work investigates whether OC‐derived provinces (area of a given OC type) can be identified in the North Sea and if they can provide insight into the system's dynamics. The analysis workflow was organized into three main steps: 1. OC type classification based on clustering of normalized reflectance spectra, 2. OC type characterization following match‐ups to other biological and physical covariates, and 3. Exploration of drivers of OC province dynamics. Based on data from 1997–2019, four main OC types were identified, which are shown to be related to bio‐optical, physical, and zooplankton community covariates. Atlantic‐associated OC types varied in their coverage of the North Sea on seasonal and interannual scales, with increased penetration related to periods of a weakened circulation. Interannual variability of OC province extent was also found to correlate with an index of the Subpolar Gyre. These results indicate that the dynamics of OC provinces in the North Sea are likely driven by the interaction between large‐scale circulation and local wind‐driven and baroclinic currents. The perspective offered by OC provinces helps elucidate spatiotemporal patterns of plankton and is proposed as a novel operational index for additional exploration of ecosystem functioning.
Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in Chongqing Observed by a Dense Network of Disdrometers
Authors: Liu Xuancheng , Xue Lulin , Chen Baojun , Zhang Yixuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics of raindrop size distribution (RSD) including the temporal and spatial variabilities and the summer rain RSD features using 34 Parsivel disdrometers data from Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016 in Chongqing, an inland municipality in Southwest China. The observed RSDs are fitted with the gamma distribution (N(D) = N0Dμe−λD) in this study. Rainfall in summer differs greatly from winter with larger rain rate, rain water content and variabilities. From winter to summer, raindrop sizes increase as the frequency of convective rain increases, and the diurnal variabilities of raindrop sizes are greatly enlarged. The spatial variabilities of N0, λ and μ are relatively weak and change little in summer. The summer rainfall RSD characteristics and parameter relationships in Chongqing are different from other regions (Nanjing, Beijing, Zhuhai and Daocheng) in China. A novel diagnosed relation between the shape parameter of the gamma distribution (μ) and the mean volume diameter (Dv) is proposed based on the large amount of observations, which allows for a wider range of the mean volume diameter of raindrops compared to traditional μ − λ relations in microphysics parameterizations.
ENSO and SAM Influence on the Generation of Long Episodes of Rossby Wave Packets During Southern Hemisphere Summer
Authors: Pérez Iago , Barreiro Marcelo , Masoller Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of low‐frequency climate modes on Rossby Wave Packets (RWPs) during southern hemisphere summer. In particular, we focus on long‐lived RWPs (lifespan above 8 days) and determine how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) influence their statistics, that is, their duration, frequency of occurrence, and activity areas. We used daily mean meridional winds at 300 hPa from December to March between 1979 and 2020 from the ERA5 and NCEP‐DOE 2 reanalyses. We found that long‐lived wave packets, which are a small percentage of the total number of wave packets, show large interannual variability; there are years in which these types of waves do not occur and years that present up to 9 wave packets. This suggests that large‐scale circulation conditions set up by low‐frequency climate modes can modulate their occurrence. Classifying years according to SAM phases reveals that the occurrence of long‐lived RWPs is highest (lowest) during intense negative (positive) SAM events. ENSO influence, on the other hand, was found to be weak and not robust. Analysis of large scale circulation conditions shows that during negative SAM phases the jet shifts northward, strengthens in the Indian sector, and extends further into the Pacific basin, so that it acts as a better waveguide favoring the propagation of long‐lived RWPs. Conversely, during positive phases of SAM, the jet shifts southward and an anticyclonic center develops to the southwest of Australia blocking the jet and the progression of the wave packets.
Regional Patterns in Miocene‐Pliocene Aridity Across the Chinese Loess Plateau Revealed by High Resolution Records of Paleosol Carbonate and Occluded Organic Matter
Authors: Gallagher Timothy M. , Serach Lily , Sekhon Natasha , Zhang Hanzhi , Wang Hanlin , Ji Shunchuan , Chang Xi , Lu Huayu , Breecker Daniel O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPaleosols preserved in the Red Clay depositional sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau record information about vegetation and regional hydrology responses to global temperature variation throughout the late Miocene and Pliocene. Reconstructing spatial and temporal patterns of environmental change across the Loess Plateau from carbon isotopes of pedogenic carbonate (δ13Ccarb) is complicated because multiple factors affect δ13Ccarb values and higher resolution records do not exist along the northern margin of the Loess Plateau. To address these needs, we present paired carbon isotope records of pedogenic carbonate and occluded organic matter (δ13Corg) from 697 discrete nodules sampled from 119 different depths at the Jiaxian section, North Central China. Between 7.6 and 2.4 Ma, δ13Ccarb values increase by nearly 5‰, while δ13Corg values increase by 2.5‰. These increases are explained by a progressive decline in moisture availability through time, and there is no definitive evidence from these δ13C data for C4 vegetation at the Jiaxian site until after 3.6 Ma. Comparison of the Jiaxian record to other Loess Plateau sections reveals a consistent spatial gradient with δ13Ccarb values becoming higher and more variable to the N‐NW. Additionally, an independent index of monsoonal precipitation from a southern site corresponds to fluctuations in δ13Ccarb values at Jiaxian, while southern δ13Ccarb records remain more stable. These spatial patterns are explained by a progressive decline in moisture availability across the Loess Plateau through the Late Miocene and Pliocene, with δ13Ccarb values being more sensitive to moisture availability under consistently more arid conditions to the NW.
Poleward Shift in Tropical Cyclone Tracks in the Northwest Pacific During Warm Periods: Past and Future
Authors: Tao Shichen , Liu Kam‐biu , Yu Kefu , Shi Qi , Yan Hongqiang , Zhang Huiling , Wang Luo , Huang Zhongzhou , Chen Tegu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe used the top age of storm‐relocated coral blocks (SRCBs) from Xisha Islands and Huangyan Island, South China Sea (SCS), in combination with existing paleotempestology records and instrumental climatic data, to reconstruct the spatio‐temporal changes in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the past millennium, and to project its future trends in the Northwestern Pacific region. We found a positive correlation between the frequencies of TCs, typhoons, and super‐typhoons and the NINO3.4 on the interannual timescale during 1945–2019. TCs latitude has a significant positive correlation with sea surface temperature, with a northward migration rate of 80 ± 11 km per decade during 1951–2019. Coral δ18O can well indicate the month of paleo‐TCs occurrence. The frequency of SRCBs (and by inference, TCs) is relatively low during relatively warm periods (RWP) but high during relatively cold periods (RCP) in the SCS. The spatio‐temporal pattern inferred from paleotempestology records further supports the notion of North‐South migration in TC activity as revealed by the instrumental record in this study. TC activity mainly affected relatively low latitudes (e.g., Philippines, Vietnam, and Hainan, Guangdong, Taiwan) during the RCP (AD 1450–1900), but it migrated from low latitudes towards higher latitudes during the RWP (AD 1000–1450), affecting locations such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong, southwestern Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and even Northeast China. Fujian and northern Guangdong may be in a transition zone of paleo‐TC activity between the North and the South in the past millennium. As global warming continues, the mean tracks and landfall locations of TCs will continue to migrate northward in this region.
Assessing the prognostic utility of smoldering multiple myeloma risk stratification scores applied serially post diagnosis
Authors: Visram Alissa , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kapoor Prashant , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha Q. , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Dingli David , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Gonsalves Wilson , Warsame Rahma , Muchtar Eli , Leung Nelson , Baughn Linda B. , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Mayo-2018 smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) risk score is used routinely in the clinical setting but has only been validated at diagnosis. In SMM patients, the progression risk decreases over time. However, the utility of applying risk stratification models after diagnosis is unknown. We retrospectively studied 704 SMM patients and applied the Mayo 2018 and IMWG-2020 risk stratification models at annual landmark timepoints up to 5 years post diagnosis. The Mayo-2018 and IMWG-2020 models reliably stratified patients based on progression risk when applied post diagnosis. The respective 2-year progression risk in Mayo-2018 high risk patients versus IMWG-2020 intermediate-high risk patients was 51% versus 62% at the 1-year landmark and 47% versus 45% at the 4-year landmark. We showed that patients categorized at Mayo-2018 high-risk at follow-up had a similar risk of progression if the baseline risk assessment was low-intermediate versus high-risk (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.46–2.36, p = 0.931 at 5-year landmark). Patients migrating to a higher risk category during follow up had a higher progression risk compared to patients with stable/decreased risk categorization. Our findings support the use of these risk scores post-diagnosis and suggest that patients evolving to a high-risk category may benefit from early intervention therapeutic approaches.
Benefits and harms of annual, biennial, or triennial breast cancer mammography screening for women at average risk of breast cancer: a systematic review for the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer (ECIBC)
Authors: Canelo-Aybar Carlos , Posso Margarita , Montero Nadia , Solà Ivan , Saz-Parkinson Zuleika , Duffy Stephen W. , Follmann Markus , Gräwingholt Axel , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Alonso-Coello Pablo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Although mammography screening is recommended in most European countries, the balance between the benefits and harms of different screening intervals is still a matter of debate. This review informed the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer (BC) recommendations.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify RCTs, observational or modelling studies, comparing desirable (BC deaths averted, QALYs, BC stage, interval cancer) and undesirable (overdiagnosis, false positive related, radiation related) effects from annual, biennial, or triennial mammography screening in women of average risk for BC. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.

Results
We included one RCT, 13 observational, and 11 modelling studies. In women 50–69, annual compared to biennial screening may have small additional benefits but an important increase in false positive results; triennial compared to biennial screening may have smaller benefits while avoiding some harms. In younger women (aged 45–49), annual compared to biennial screening had a smaller gain in benefits and larger harms, showing a less favourable balance in this age group than in women 50–69. In women 70–74, there were fewer additional harms and similar benefits with shorter screening intervals. The overall certainty of the evidence for each of these comparisons was very low.

Conclusions
In women of average BC risk, screening intervals have different trade-offs for each age group. The balance probably favours biennial screening in women 50–69. In younger women, annual screening may have a less favourable balance, while in women aged 70–74 years longer screening intervals may be more favourable.
Genomic analysis of childhood hearing loss in the Yoruba population of Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemo Adebolajo , Faridi Rabia , Chattaraj Parna , Yousaf Rizwan , Tona Risa , Okorie Samuel , Bharadwaj Thashi , Nouel-Saied Liz M. , Acharya Anushree , Schrauwen Isabelle , Morell Robert J. , Leal Suzanne M. , Friedman Thomas B. , Griffith Andrew J. , Roux Isabelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough variant alleles of hundreds of genes are associated with sensorineural deafness in children, the genes and alleles involved remain largely unknown in the Sub-Saharan regions of Africa. We ascertained 56 small families mainly of Yoruba ethno-lingual ancestry in or near Ibadan, Nigeria, that had at least one individual with nonsyndromic, severe-to-profound, prelingual-onset, bilateral hearing loss not attributed to nongenetic factors. We performed a combination of exome and Sanger sequencing analyses to evaluate both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. No biallelic pathogenic variants were identified in GJB2, a common cause of deafness in many populations. Potential causative variants were identified in genes associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss (CIB2, COL11A1, ILDR1, MYO15A, TMPRSS3, and WFS1), nonsyndromic hearing loss or Usher syndrome (CDH23, MYO7A, PCDH15, and USH2A), and other syndromic forms of hearing loss (CHD7, OPA1, and SPTLC1). Several rare mitochondrial variants, including m.1555A>G, were detected in the gene MT-RNR1 but not in control Yoruba samples. Overall, 20 (33%) of 60 independent cases of hearing loss in this cohort of families were associated with likely causal variants in genes reported to underlie deafness in other populations. None of these likely causal variants were present in more than one family, most were detected as compound heterozygotes, and 77% had not been previously associated with hearing loss. These results indicate an unusually high level of genetic heterogeneity of hearing loss in Ibadan, Nigeria and point to challenges for molecular genetic screening, counseling, and early intervention in this population.
Mammary tumour cells remodel the bone marrow vascular microenvironment to support metastasis
Authors: Yip Raymond K. H. , Rimes Joel S. , Capaldo Bianca D. , Vaillant François , Mouchemore Kellie A. , Pal Bhupinder , Chen Yunshun , Surgenor Elliot , Murphy Andrew J. , Anderson Robin L. , Smyth Gordon K. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Hawkins Edwin D. , Visvader Jane E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBone marrow is a preferred metastatic site for multiple solid tumours and is associated with poor prognosis and significant morbidity. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer cells colonise specialised niches within the bone marrow to support their long-term propagation, but the precise location and mechanisms that mediate niche interactions are unknown. Using breast cancer as a model of solid tumour metastasis to the bone marrow, we applied large-scale quantitative three-dimensional imaging to characterise temporal changes in the bone marrow microenvironment during disease progression. We show that mouse mammary tumour cells preferentially home to a pre-existing metaphyseal domain enriched for type H vessels. Metastatic lesion outgrowth rapidly remodelled the local vasculature through extensive sprouting to establish a tumour-supportive microenvironment. The evolution of this tumour microenvironment reflects direct remodelling of the vascular endothelium through tumour-derived granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a hematopoietic cell-independent manner. Therapeutic targeting of the metastatic niche by blocking G-CSF receptor inhibited pathological blood vessel remodelling and reduced bone metastasis burden. These findings elucidate a mechanism of ‘host’ microenvironment hijacking by mammary tumour cells to subvert the local microvasculature to form a specialised, pro-tumorigenic niche.
The Chloranthus sessilifolius genome provides insight into early diversification of angiosperms
Authors: Ma Jianxiang , Sun Pengchuan , Wang Dandan , Wang Zhenyue , Yang Jiao , Li Ying , Mu Wenjie , Xu Renping , Wu Ying , Dong Congcong , Shrestha Nawal , Liu Jianquan , Yang Yongzhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost extant angiosperms belong to Mesangiospermae, which comprises eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, Chloranthales and Ceratophyllales. However, phylogenetic relationships between these five lineages remain unclear. Here, we report the high-quality genome of a member of the Chloranthales lineage (Chloranthus sessilifolius). We detect only one whole genome duplication within this species and find that polyploidization events in different Mesangiospermae lineage are mutually independent. We also find that the members of all floral development-related gene lineages are present in C. sessilifolius despite its extremely simplified flower. The AP1 and PI genes, however, show a weak floral tissue-specialized expression. Our phylogenomic analyses suggest that Chloranthales and magnoliids are sister groups, and both are together sister to the clade comprising Ceratophyllales and eudicots, while the monocot lineage is sister to all other Mesangiospermae. Our findings suggest that in addition to hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting may largely account for phylogenetic inconsistencies between the observed gene trees.
Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization
Authors: Lapuente Dennis , Fuchs Jana , Willar Jonas , Vieira Antão Ana , Eberlein Valentina , Uhlig Nadja , Issmail Leila , Schmidt Anna , Oltmanns Friederike , Peter Antonia Sophia , Mueller-Schmucker Sandra , Irrgang Pascal , Fraedrich Kirsten , Cara Andrea , Hoffmann Markus , Pöhlmann Stefan , Ensser Armin , Pertl Cordula , Willert Torsten , Thirion Christian , Grunwald Thomas , Überla Klaus , Tenbusch Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeveral effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are currently in use, but effective boosters are needed to maintain or increase immunity due to waning responses and the emergence of novel variants. Here we report that intranasal vaccinations with adenovirus 5 and 19a vectored vaccines following a systemic plasmid DNA or mRNA priming result in systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. In contrast to two intramuscular applications of an mRNA vaccine, intranasal boosts with adenoviral vectors induce high levels of mucosal IgA and lung-resident memory T cells (TRM); mucosal neutralization of virus variants of concern is also enhanced. The mRNA prime provokes a comprehensive T cell response consisting of circulating and lung TRM after the boost, while the plasmid DNA prime induces mostly mucosal T cells. Concomitantly, the intranasal boost strategies lead to complete protection against a SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Our data thus suggest that mucosal booster immunizations after mRNA priming is a promising approach to establish mucosal immunity in addition to systemic responses.
CRISPR-enhanced human adipocyte browning as cell therapy for metabolic disease
Authors: Tsagkaraki Emmanouela , Nicoloro Sarah M. , DeSouza Tiffany , Solivan-Rivera Javier , Desai Anand , Lifshitz Lawrence M. , Shen Yuefei , Kelly Mark , Guilherme Adilson , Henriques Felipe , Amrani Nadia , Ibraheim Raed , Rodriguez Tomas C. , Luk Kevin , Maitland Stacy , Friedline Randall H. , Tauer Lauren , Hu Xiaodi , Kim Jason K. , Wolfe Scot A. , Sontheimer Erik J. , Corvera Silvia , Czech Michael P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with disturbances in insulin-regulated glucose and lipid fluxes and severe comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and steatohepatitis. Whole body metabolism is regulated by lipid-storing white adipocytes as well as “brown” and “brite/beige” adipocytes that express thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and secrete factors favorable to metabolic health. Implantation of brown fat into obese mice improves glucose tolerance, but translation to humans has been stymied by low abundance of primary human beige adipocytes. Here we apply methods to greatly expand human adipocyte progenitors from small samples of human subcutaneous adipose tissue and then disrupt the thermogenic suppressor gene NRIP1 by CRISPR. Ribonucleoprotein consisting of Cas9 and sgRNA delivered ex vivo are fully degraded by the human cells following high efficiency NRIP1 depletion without detectable off-target editing. Implantation of such CRISPR-enhanced human or mouse brown-like adipocytes into high fat diet fed mice decreases adiposity and liver triglycerides while enhancing glucose tolerance compared to implantation with unmodified adipocytes. These findings advance a therapeutic strategy to improve metabolic homeostasis through CRISPR-based genetic enhancement of human adipocytes without exposing the recipient to immunogenic Cas9 or delivery vectors.
Chronic nicotine increases midbrain dopamine neuron activity and biases individual strategies towards reduced exploration in mice
Authors: Dongelmans Malou , Durand-de Cuttoli Romain , Nguyen Claire , Come Maxime , Duranté Etienne K. , Lemoine Damien , Brito Raphaël , Ahmed Yahia Tarek , Mondoloni Sarah , Didienne Steve , Bousseyrol Elise , Hannesse Bernadette , Reynolds Lauren M. , Torquet Nicolas , Dalkara Deniz , Marti Fabio , Mourot Alexandre , Naudé Jérémie , Faure Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong-term exposure to nicotine alters brain circuits and induces profound changes in decision-making strategies, affecting behaviors both related and unrelated to drug seeking and consumption. Using an intracranial self-stimulation reward-based foraging task, we investigated in mice the impact of chronic nicotine on midbrain dopamine neuron activity and its consequence on the trade-off between exploitation and exploration. Model-based and archetypal analysis revealed substantial inter-individual variability in decision-making strategies, with mice passively exposed to nicotine shifting toward a more exploitative profile compared to non-exposed animals. We then mimicked the effect of chronic nicotine on the tonic activity of dopamine neurons using optogenetics, and found that photo-stimulated mice adopted a behavioral phenotype similar to that of mice exposed to chronic nicotine. Our results reveal a key role of tonic midbrain dopamine in the exploration/exploitation trade-off and highlight a potential mechanism by which nicotine affects the exploration/exploitation balance and decision-making.