bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MILLSTEIN CENTER‐ECGI CONFERENCE ON: Board 3.0: Bringing the Private Equity Model to Public Companies
Authors: Gilson Ronald , Gordon Jeffrey N. , Judge Kathryn , Jiang Wei , Cameron Ray , Ivashina Victoria , Rock Edward , de Fontenay Elisabeth , Brun Les , Hao Yvonne , Maguire Christina , Fraidin Stephen , Murphy Brian , Witney Simon , Wijnberg Sandra , Sulzberger Gabrielle 
Published: November 2021

In a recent conference organized by Columbia Law School's Millstein Center and the European Corporate Governance Institute, law and econ scholars Jeff Gordon and Ron Gilson discuss with other academics and a remarkably varied and distinguished group of practitioners the possibility of “porting” elements of the private equity governance model to public companies to achieve what they describe as “Board 3.0.” The public company “monitoring” boards of the recent past—composed for the most part of part‐time, “thinly informed,” and “boundedly motivated” directors dependent upon corporate management for information about the company—are seen as evolving toward the “thickly informed, well‐resourced, and powerfully motivated” directors that Gordon and Gilson see as required to function more like “partners” in the business, helping steer management toward the long‐run value‐maximizing strategic and operating decisions.A number of the board members on the panel serve, or have served, on private as well as public companies. The consensus among this group was that PE boards function at higher levels than their public counterparts, accounting in significant part for the higher returns of PE. But as this group also noted, an ongoing “migration” of PE board members and practices to public companies, accomplished in part by reverse LBOs and PIPEs (private investments in public equity), is leading to more effective public company oversight and governance. Along with deeper specialized knowledge of critically important operational issues, PE directors are also said to have a comparative advantage in designing pay‐for‐performance incentives for operating managers. What's more, as one panelist pointed out, PE's need to focus on and prepare for “exit” from day one has the paradoxical effect of sharpening managerial attention on the long‐term future and the amount and kinds of investment needed to ensure it.
Fertility preservation in women with cystic fibrosis pre‐lung transplantation: A mixed methods study
Authors: Ladores Sigrid , Campbell Caitlin Marley , Bray Leigh Ann , Li Peng , Brown Janet , Woods Brittany , Corcoran Jessica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsExplore the knowledge, experiences, preferences, and concerns related to fertility preservation as an option for building a biological family among women with cystic fibrosis.DesignConvergent mixed methods study design.MethodsWe recruited women with cystic fibrosis of childbearing age in the United States through cystic fibrosis centres, snowball sampling, and social media. Participants completed an anonymous survey about fertility and fertility preservation (n = 50). We also conducted audio‐recorded, semi‐structured interviews with a subset of women to gain a better understanding of their perspectives (n = 20). We transcribed the interviews verbatim and analysed them using thematic analysis.ResultsFor the quantitative arm, 78% of women indicated that they would like to have a child in the future; however, 74% reported never having had conversations about fertility preservation with their providers. For the qualitative arm, four major themes emerged: (1) Women with cystic fibrosis have inadequate knowledge about fertility and fertility preservation; (2) fertility is a low priority area for the cystic fibrosis care team; (3) women with cystic fibrosis recommend that the cystic fibrosis care team provide specific fertility resources; and (4) providers and literature lack information on fertility and cystic fibrosis. Integrated findings identified that while the majority of women with cystic fibrosis want to become mothers in the future, including post‐lung transplantation, they have not received education on fertility preservation, and there is a general lack of knowledge on the topic of fertility in cystic fibrosis.ConclusionWomen with cystic fibrosis desire to have children but have little knowledge about fertility preservation, and cystic fibrosis providers do not initiate family planning discussions.ImpactFindings from the study support that additional education is needed for women with cystic fibrosis who are considering parenthood. Clinical care models should include early, regular, and thoughtful discussions about reproductive health issues, including fertility preservation.
Monetary shock measurement and stock markets
Authors: BASISTHA ARABINDA , STARTZ RICHARD 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe narrative approach‐based measurement of monetary shocks suggests infrequent shocks are crucial for understanding the impact of monetary policy shocks on the economy. However, the narrative approach is dependent on costly data collection process, researcher judgment, and is prone to delays due to official document release. We present a stock market‐based regime switching unobserved components model to estimate the monetary shocks while preserving the key feature of infrequent shocks. Our estimated shocks are large and comparable to Romer and Romer (2004) shocks. The impulse responses to our estimated monetary policy shocks suggest that a 1% contractionary shock leads to 2% long‐term decline in industrial production with a peak effect of 3.5% decline and more than one percent long‐term decline in CPI.
Cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship websites and social media presence: Opportunities for improved applicant recruitment
Authors: Mulligan Kathleen M. , Zheng David X. , Cullison Christopher R. , Wong Christina , Scott Jeffrey F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) established a cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship in 2013. Programs often outline details of fellowships on their websites to help prospective applicants make informed decisions. Our primary goal was to evaluate the content quality of online information for all ASDS‐accredited cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowships on program websites and the ASDS website. Our secondary goal was to describe program activity on social media platforms as another avenue for applicant recruitment.MethodsProgram websites were assessed using an aggregate score from twenty‐one standardized content quality variables. Social media activity on Facebook and Instagram from January 6 2021, to March 6, 2021, was categorized.ResultsAmong 24 cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship programs, 23 had websites. Basic information was provided across most websites or the ASDS website (eg, address, 95.8%), but more qualitative variables like research opportunities or didactic schedule were not consistently reported. Most programs had highly active social media accounts (91.7% on Facebook and 79.2% on Instagram).ConclusionThere is a gap of information availability between the ASDS website and individual cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship websites. Increasing information availability may enhance the applicant recruitment process and serve as a low‐cost intervention to ensure optimal fit.
Associations Between School Environments, Policies and Practices and Children's Physical Activity and Active Transportation
Authors: Blanchette Sébastien , Larouche Richard , Tremblay Mark S. , Faulkner Guy , Riazi Negin A. , Trudeau François 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is evidence of school‐level variability in children's active behaviors. This study investigated the associations between school environments, policies and practices, and children's physical activity (PA) and active school transportation (AST), in a school ecology context.METHODSWe recruited children (N = 1699, age = 10.2 ± 1.0 years, 55.0% girls) in 37 schools from 3 diverse regions of Canada. We then collected data using questionnaires (child, parent) and pedometers. In each school, an official completed a School Health Environment Survey. Multilevel regression models were used to examine associations with children's daily steps, and frequency and volume (frequency*distance) of AST.RESULTSBetween‐school variation ranged from 4.7% to 22.2% demonstrating that school environments are associated with children's active behaviors. None of the school environment variables were significantly associated with children's PA or frequency of AST. Nevertheless, their inclusion improved the PA model. Children's volume of AST increased in schools that reported more initiatives to promote AST.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that multiple components are needed to effectively promote active behaviors in children. Schools should determine the areas in which they can improve and assess the feasibility of implementing measures to make their school environments, policies, and practices more conducive to PA and AST.
The influence of acute morphine use on obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zha Shiqian , Yang Haizhen , Yue Fang , Zhang Qingfeng , Hu Ke 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe present study was conducted to systematically evaluate the acute effect of morphine on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan‐Fang databases were searched for randomised controlled trials studying the influence of morphine on OSA published up to May 24, 2021. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess study quality and meta‐analysis was performed on the included clinical trial results to quantify the impact of morphine on various sleep and respiratory parameters. Three studies (n = 132 patients) were ultimately examined. There were no significant differences between patients with OSA taking morphine and placebo/non‐opioids with respect to the sleep Apnea–Hypopnea Index (mean difference [MD] 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.41, 5.98; p > 0.05); Oxygen Desaturation Index (MD 1.49, 95% CI −3.21, 6.19; p > 0.05); Obstructive Sleep Apnea Index (MD 0.83, 95% CI −2.08, 3.75; p > 0.05); Hypopnea Index (MD –0.01, 95% CI −2.64, 2.63; p > 0.05); lowest oxygen saturation (MD 0.68, 95% CI –4.50, 5.86; p > 0.05); or sleep oxygen saturation >90% (MD 0.10, 95% CI –1.14, 1.34; p > 0.05). In conclusion, a single dose of 30 or 40 mg morphine does not have a significant effect on sleep or respiratory outcomes compared to placebo in patients with OSA, challenging the orthodoxy that opioids worsen OSA.
Brain diseases and aspiration pneumonia in older person
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Iimura Ayako , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Terayama Keiichiro , Katsuragawa Shuichi , Nagao Takaaki , Suzuki Keiko , Izawa Kaori , Nakajima Kiwa , Haruki Shinichi , Okada Nobuyuki , Sawai Setsu , Tateno Fuyuki , Aiba Yosuke , Nemoto Masaaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveAge‐related brain symptoms (gait, speech and swallowing difficulties, and dementia) increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia (AP). It is not known which types of brain disease underlie AP most closely. Our neurogeriatric team addressed this issue herein.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the cases of in‐patients diagnosed with AP at our multi‐faculty university hospital within a 12‐month recruiting period, with a 3.0 ± 2.5‐week follow‐up and ≥1×/week visits. We determined the patients' organic and neural disorders with neuroimaging to the extent possible.ResultsThe AP patients (n = 136) were generally old (mean age 75 years, range 3‐98 years) and male‐dominant (81 males, 55 females). All patients showed gait and attention/cognitive problems at admission, suggestive of encephalopathy/delirium. They were treated in 11 hospital wards: neurology (N) or non‐N (ratio ~1:1.3). The ratio of organic disorders (esophageal carcinoma, etc) vs neural disorders was ~1:30. Most of the neural disorders were age‐related brain diseases, eg, a combination of white matter disease (WMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), followed by dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In total, they were WMD in 111, AD in 102, DLB in 20.ConclusionA combination of premorbid age‐related brain diseases (a combination of WMD and AD, DLB, etc) with encephalopathy/delirium (and intrinsic brain diseases) might lead to AP.
Earliest record of transfer cells in Lower Devonian plants
Authors: Edwards Dianne , Morris Jennifer L. , Axe Lindsey , Taylor Wilson A. , Duckett Jeffrey G. , Kenrick Paul , Pressel Silvia 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Key sources of information on the nature of early terrestrial ecosystems are the fossilized remains of plants and associated organic encrustations, which are interpreted as either biofilms, biological soil crusts or lichens. The hypothesis that some of these encrustations might be the remains of the thalloid gametophytes of embryophytes provided the stimulus for this investigation.

Fossils preserved in charcoal were extracted from Devonian Period (Lochkovian Stage, c. 410–419 Myr old) sediments at a geological site in Shropshire (UK). Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of the fossils were compared with new and published SEMs of extant bryophytes and tracheophytes, respectively. One specimen was further prepared and imaged by transmission electron microscopy.

Fossils of thalloid morphology were composed almost entirely of cells with labyrinthine ingrowths; these also were present in fossils of axial morphology where they were associated with putative food‐conducting cells. Comparison with modern embryophytes demonstrates that these distinctive cells are transfer cells (TCs).

Our fossils provide by far the earliest geological evidence of TCs. They also show that some organic encrustations are the remains of thalloid land plants and that these are possibly part of the life cycle of a newly recognized group of plants called the eophytes.
METTL3/14 and IL‐17 signaling contribute to CEBPA‐DT enhanced oral cancer cisplatin resistance
Authors: Qiao Xue , Zhu Li , Song Rongbo , Shang Chao , Guo Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Chemotherapy has been recognized as an optional combination treatment, which enhance the overall survival of OSCC patients. However, the majority of patients would suffer therapeutic resistance, which led to the treatment failure and poor prognosis.Materials and methodsTo explore the mechanism of chemoresistance in OSCC, we first constructed two chemoresistant cell lines using Cal27 and HSC4. Then MeRIP sequencing together with bioinformatics analysis and a series of in vitro experiments were used to assess the possible regulation manner of RNA methylation on OSCC chemoresistance. Finally, xenograft models were constructed to confirm the relationship among OSCC chemoresistance.ResultsMETTL3/METTL14 upregulation could enhance OSCC chemoresistance. CEBPA‐DT overexpression could regulate METTL3/METTL14 expression and further activate downstream BHLHB9. CEBPA‐DT overexpression could inhibit the activity of IL‐17 signaling, resulting in the homeostasis breakdown of immune infiltration and cytokine release. CEBPA‐DT overexpression could significantly enhance chemoresistance through METTL3/METTL14/BHLHB9 in vivo, which accelerated the tumor growth.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CEBPA‐DT might regulate OSCC chemoresistance through BHLHB9 gene manipulated by METTL3/METTL14 as well as through IL‐17 signaling inhibition, which may contribute to the assessment of potential therapeutic targets in OSCC chemoresistance.
Mapping and breeding application of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)‐resistance genes derived from a durable resistant PTB33 rice variety (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Cheng Ling , Zhu Ya , Li Jingying , Jiang Zhe , Shu Wan , Qiu Yongfu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe brown planthopper (BPH) is a substantial threat to rice production in Asian countries. The variety PTB33 exhibits a high and durable resistance to BPH. Here, three resistance genes from chromosomes 3, 4 and 6 were detected, with LOD scores of 6.2, 5.0 and 4.3, respectively. The gene from chromosome 4 flanked by markers RM5757 and RM6997 was allelic to Bph6. They shared an 89% amino acid similarity. Another gene detected on chromosome 6 was linked with RM598 and was the reported gene Bph3. The gene from chromosome 3, harbouring markers RM5626 and RM6283, was a novel resistance gene. Moreover, by crossing different rice lines with PTB33, 27 backcrossing lines were developed that contained a genetic background of restorers, maintainers, sterile lines and cultivated varieties. These lines displayed resistance to BPH and had a survival rate >50%. Among these, seven lines were highly resistant to BPH and showed agronomic merit traits. Thus, the detected genes and developed BPH resistant lines can significantly contribute to breeding programmes for BPH resistance.
Semifield root phenotyping: Root traits for deep nitrate uptake
Authors: Wacker Tomke S. , Popovic Olga , Olsen Niels A. F. , Markussen Bo , Smith Abraham G. , Svane Simon F. , Thorup‐Kristensen Kristian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep rooting winter wheat genotypes can reduce nitrate leaching losses and increase N uptake. We aimed to investigate which deep root traits are correlated to deep N uptake and to estimate genetic variation in root traits and deep 15N tracer uptake. In 2 years, winter wheat genotypes were grown in RadiMax, a semifield root‐screening facility. Minirhizotron root imaging was performed three times during the main growing season. At anthesis, 15N was injected via subsurface drip irrigation at 1.8 m depth. Mature ears from above the injection area were analysed for 15N content. From minirhizotron image‐based root length data, 82 traits were constructed, describing root depth, density, distribution and growth aspects. Their ability to predict 15N uptake was analysed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Root traits predicted 24% and 14% of tracer uptake variation in 2 years. Both root traits and genotype showed significant effects on tracer uptake. In 2018, genotype and the three LASSO‐selected root traits predicted 41% of the variation in tracer uptake, in 2019 genotype and one root trait predicted 48%. In both years, one root trait significantly mediated the genotype effect on tracer uptake. Deep root traits from minirhizotron images can predict deep N uptake, indicating the potential to breed deep‐N‐uptake‐genotypes.
Eating Wild: Hosting the Food Heritage of Palestine
Authors: Meneley Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the strategic use of an event of hospitality celebrating the Wild Foods of Palestine as part of a form of fertile activism. Artist Mirna Bamieh presented the dinner as a “live art” event where the positive power of food and Palestinian culinary distinction was highlighted more than victimhood. In a moment of pleasurable pedagogy, the guests learned about the preservation of knowledge about foraging precious wild plants and their preparation. They enjoyed traditional and innovative spins on Palestinian cuisine, absorbing the wild tastes of the land. By eliciting embodied responses, a moment of pleasurable convivial pedagogy was produced to inspire the guests to engage with activism against ongoing dispossession under Israeli settler colonialism. The wild plants themselves and the knowledge of how to process them were envisioned as a type of cultural heritage to be preserved as an archive for potential transformation. The event raised important possibilities for the futures of this particular kind of Palestinian activism: edible, fertile, aesthetic. [wild plants, foraging, cuisine, hospitality, settler colonialism, Palestine/Israel]
Consequences of a politicized public service system: Perspectives of politicians, public servants, and political experts
Authors: Peters B. Guy , Danaeefard Hassan , Ahmadzahi Torshab Abdolali , Mostafazadeh Masoumeh , Hashemi Mortaza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPoliticization has different consequences for public administration and public services in different countries. This study seeks to identify the consequences of politicization in the Iranian public service. After reviewing the theoretical foundations of politicization, the authors reflect on different researchers’ and political experts’ views about the consequences of politicization. In the first phase of the study, qualitative data were gathered and categorized into structural, content–behavioral, and environmental dimensions, and Rouban’s framework was used to organize themes. In the second phase, statistical analyses were performed to corroborate the results of the first phase. Results indicated that the consequences of two types of politicization were perceived to be negative ones, and there was one type of politicization in which the consequences were assumed to be more constructive than destructive. Implications and recommendations for future studies are advanced.Related ArticlesAbulof, Uriel. 2013. “Nuclear Diversion Theory and Legitimacy Crisis: The Case of Iran.” Politics & Policy 41(5): 690–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12035.Ariely, Gal. 2011. “Why People (Dis)Like the Public Service: Citizen Perception of the Public Service and the NPM Doctrine.” Politics & Policy 39(6): 997–1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00329.x.Solar, Carlos. 2020. “Introducing Change in Public Service Organizations under Austerity: The Complex Case of the Governance of Defence in the United Kingdom.” Politics & Policy 48(4): 700–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12368.
Early maternal autonomy support as a predictor of child internalizing and externalizing behavior trajectories across early childhood
Authors: Sirois Marie‐Soleil , Bernier Annie , Gagné Célia‐Matte , Mageau Geneviève A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the contribution of early maternal autonomy support in the prediction of developmental patterns of change in child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems from 2 to 7 years of age. The participants were 130 mother‐child dyads drawn from a community sample. Data were collected at four‐time points. Maternal sensitivity and autonomy support were assessed observationally at 12 and 15 months, respectively, child temperament was reported by both parents at 2 years, and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors were reported by both parents at 2, 4, and 7 years. The results indicated that, over and above child temperament and maternal sensitivity, mothers who supported their child's autonomy to a greater degree had children whose trajectories of internalizing behavior increased less and trajectories of externalizing behavior decreased more. These findings suggest that maternal autonomy support may be an important target for prompt intervention to promote healthier child behavioral and emotional adjustment trajectories.
Love, beauty and women who surf: Tourism, transnational relationships and social mobility on Siargao Island, Philippines
Authors: Hansen Karen A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOn Siargao Island, as elsewhere in the Philippines, women who enter into intimate relationships with Western men can attain economic capital, global opportunities and social mobility through their partners. On Siargao Island, local women who surf differentiate themselves from imaginings of ‘other’ Filipinas by emphasising their relationships with Western men as being ‘for love’ not money. Nevertheless, the economic benefits that can accrue to local women in transnational relationships is observable. However, through identification with surf culture, women who surf possess a global social capital and transnational networks that extend beyond their Western partners, and which alter the dynamics of these relationships in the women's favour. Further, local women's social mobility and adherence to the ‘surfer girl’ identity creates a space in which they are implicitly challenging colonial and class‐based beauty ideals in the Philippines that privilege fair or light skin over darker skin.