bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Survival of Mediocre Superstars in the Labor Market
Authors: Peeters Thomas , Szymanski Stefan , Terviö Marko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We argue that liquidity constrained firms face strong incentives to hire experienced, but low ability workers instead of novice workers with higher upside potential. Using four decades of high-frequency information on worker performance in a “superstar” labor market allows us to estimate the revealed ability of experienced workers at the time they are hired by a new firm. More than one-fifth of these hires are “substandard” in that the revealed ability of the hired experienced worker lies below the mean ability of recent novices. Even more hires (around 40%) are “mediocre,” as their ability falls short of the hiring threshold that maximizes the long-run average ability of the active workforce. Replacing mediocre hires by novice workers would increase the average ability of the workforce by 0.1 standard deviations. (JEL J31, J44, L83, M51).
Colostomy orifice complications: a case report of a prolapsed colostomy with necrosis of the eviscerated greater omentum
Authors: Rockson Obed , Mhand Mohammed , Aabdi Houssam , Bouhout Tariq , El Harroudi Tijani , Serji Badr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Evisceration and necrosis of the greater omentum at the site of a prolapsed colostomy is a rare situation. Considered an early stoma complication, it often occurs during the first month after surgery. We report the observation and our attitude to such a situation in a 56-year-old patient who underwent initial surgery for a locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma after receiving neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy. A loop colostomy for decompression was performed due to large bowel obstruction. On the 10th day after surgery, he was readmitted for an oedematous prolapsed colostomy and a necrotic end of the greater omentum, which eviscerated through the colostomic hole, secondary to severe ascites. Emergency re-intervention involving resection of the prolapsed stoma with the necrotic segment of the omentum was performed. The three factors associated with the development of this rare peri-colostomy complication were: emergency surgery, locally advanced rectal tumor, and increased intra-abdominal pressure.
Zinc transport in rice: how to balance optimal plant requirements and human nutrition
Authors: Huang Sheng , Yamaji Naoki , Feng Ma Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for both plants and animals, while its deficiency in crops and humans is a global problem that affects both crop productivity and human health. Since plants and humans differ in their Zn requirements, it is crucial to balance plant nutrition and human nutrition for Zn. In this review, we focus on the transport system of Zn from soil to grain in rice (Oryza sativa), which is a major dietary source of Zn for people subsiding on rice-based diets. We describe transporters belonging to the different families that are involved in the uptake, vacuolar sequestration, root-to-shoot translocation, and distribution of Zn, and discuss their mechanisms of regulation. We give examples for enhancing Zn accumulation and bioavailability in rice grains through the manipulation of genes that are highly expressed in the nodes, where Zn is deposited at high concentrations. Finally, we provide our perspectives on breeding rice cultivars with both increased tolerance to Zn-deficiency stress and high Zn density in the grains.
Cation transporters in cell fate determination and plant adaptive responses to a low-oxygen environment
Authors: Huang Xin , Shabala Lana , Zhang Xuechen , Zhou Meixue , Voesenek Laurentius A C J , Hartman Sjon , Yu Min , Shabala Sergey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil flooding creates low-oxygen environments in root zones and thus severely affects plant growth and productivity. Plants adapt to low-oxygen environments by a suite of orchestrated metabolic and anatomical alterations. Of these, formation of aerenchyma and development of adventitious roots are considered very critical to enable plant performance in waterlogged soils. Both traits have been firmly associated with stress-induced increases in ethylene levels in root tissues that operate upstream of signalling pathways. Recently, we used a bioinformatic approach to demonstrate that several Ca2+ and K+ -permeable channels from KCO, AKT, and TPC families could also operate in low oxygen sensing in Arabidopsis. Here we argue that low-oxygen-induced changes to cellular ion homeostasis and operation of membrane transporters may be critical for cell fate determination and formation of the lysigenous aerenchyma in plant roots and shaping the root architecture and adventitious root development in grasses. We summarize the existing evidence for a causal link between tissue-specific changes in oxygen concentration, intracellular Ca2+ and K+ homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species levels, and their role in conferring those two major traits enabling plant adaptation to a low-oxygen environment. We conclude that, for efficient operation, plants may rely on several complementary signalling pathway mechanisms that operate in concert and ‘fine-tune’ each other. A better understanding of this interaction may create additional and previously unexplored opportunities to crop breeders to improve cereal crop yield losses to soil flooding.
Interpreting internal consistency of DES measurements
Authors: Miranda V , Rogozenski P , Krause E 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Bayesian evidence ratios are widely used to quantify the statistical consistency between different experiments. However, since the evidence ratio is prior dependent, the precise translation between its value and the degree of concordance/discordance requires additional information. The most commonly adopted metric, the Jeffreys scale, can falsely suggest agreement between data sets when priors are chosen to be sufficiently wide. This work examines evidence ratios in a DES-Y1 simulated analysis, focusing on the internal consistency between weak lensing and galaxy clustering. We study two scenarios using simulated data in controlled experiments. First, we calibrate the expected evidence ratio distribution given noise realizations around the best-fitting DES-Y1 ΛCDM cosmology. Secondly, we show the behaviour of evidence ratios for noiseless fiducial data vectors simulated using a modified gravity model, which generates internal tension in the LCDM analysis. We find that the evidence ratio of noise realizations generated at all confidence levels was biased towards agreement and show, with a modified gravity model, that the choice of prior could conceal the discrepancies between weak lensing and galaxy clustering induced by prior effects in unlike cosmological models, concluding that the evidence ratio in a DES-Y1 study is, indeed, biased towards agreement. Boundary effects can also influence conclusions about the inconsistency induced by modified gravity, even in a noiseless data vector simulation.
Kinematics and structure of Ionized gas in the UCHII regions of W33 main
Authors: Beilis Dan , Beck Sara , Lacy John 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High mass proto-stars create Ultra-Compact H ii regions (UCHII) at the stage of evolution when most of the accretion is finished but the star is still heavily embedded in molecular material. The morphologies of UCHII regions reflect the interactions of stellar winds, stellar motions, and density structure in the molecular cloud; they are complex and it has been very difficult to interpret them. We here present data obtained with TEXES on the NASA IRTF of the [Nei,ii] emission line in the proto-cluster of young OB stars in W33 Main. The data cube has a spatial resolution of ∼1.4 arcsec and true velocity resolution ∼5 km s-1; with Aλ ∼ 0.02AV it is relatively unaffected by extinction. We have run 3D hydrodynamic and line profile simulations, using PLUTO and RADMC-3D, of the gas structures created by multiple windy stars moving relative to each other through the ambient cloud. By iterative comparison of the data cube and the simulations, we arrive at models that reproduce the different morphology and kinematic structure of each UCHII region in W33 Main. The results indicate that each sub-source probably holds multiple exciting stars, permitting an improved view of the stellar population, and finds the stellar trajectories, which may determine the dynamical development of the proto-cluster.
Probing gravity with the DES-CMASS sample and BOSS spectroscopy
Authors: Lee S , Huff E M , Choi A , Elvin-Poole J , Hirata C , Honscheid K , MacCrann N , Ross A J , Troxel M A , Eifler T F , Kong H , Ferté A , Blazek J , Huterer D , Amara A , Campos A , Chen A , Dodelson S , Lemos P , Leonard C D , Miranda V , Muir J , Raveri M , Secco L F , Weaverdyck N , Zuntz J , Bridle S L , Davis C , DeRose J , Gatti M , Prat J , Rau M M , Samuroff S , Sánchez C , Vielzeuf P , Aguena M , Allam S , Amon A , Andrade-Oliveira F , Bernstein G M , Bertin E , Brooks D , Burke D L , Rosell A Carnero , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Cawthon R , Conselice C , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Everett S , Evrard A E , Ferrero I , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Giannantonio T , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Hoyle B , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lima M , Maia M A G , March M , Marshall J L , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Mohr J J , Morgan R , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Pieres A , Malagón A A Plazas , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sheldon E , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Varga T N , Weller J ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The DES-CMASS sample (DMASS) is designed to optimally combine the weak lensing measurements from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and redshift-space distortions (RSD) probed by the CMASS galaxy sample from the Baryonic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of adopting DMASS as the equivalent of CMASS for a joint analysis of DES and BOSS in the framework of modified gravity. We utilize the angular clustering of the DMASS galaxies, cosmic shear of the DES metacalibration sources, and cross-correlation of the two as data vectors. By jointly fitting the combination of the data with the RSD measurements from the CMASS sample and Planck data, we obtain the constraints on modified gravity parameters $\mu _0=-0.37^{+0.47}_{-0.45}$ and $\Sigma _0=0.078^{+0.078}_{-0.082}$. Our constraints of modified gravity with DMASS are tighter than those with the DES Year 1 redMaGiC sample with the same external data sets by 29 per cent for μ0 and 21 per cent for Σ0, and comparable to the published results of the DES Year 1 modified gravity analysis despite this work using fewer external data sets. This improvement is mainly because the galaxy bias parameter is shared and more tightly constrained by both CMASS and DMASS, effectively breaking the degeneracy between the galaxy bias and other cosmological parameters. Such an approach to optimally combine photometric and spectroscopic surveys using a photometric sample equivalent to a spectroscopic sample can be applied to combining future surveys having a limited overlap such as DESI and LSST.
Continuum reverberation mapping and a new lag-luminosity relationship for AGN
Authors: Netzer Hagai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High cadence, high quality observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) clearly show continuum variations with lags, relative to the shortest observed variable UV continuum, that increase with wavelength (‘lag spectra’). These have been attributed to the irradiation and heating of the central accretion disk by the central X-ray emitting corona. An alternative explanation, connecting the observed lag-spectra to line and continuum emission from gas in the broad line region (BLR), has also been proposed. In this paper I show the clear spectral signature of the time-dependent diffuse gas emission in the lag-spectrum of 6 AGN. I also show a new lag-luminosity relationship for 9 objects which is a scaled down version of the well known τ(Hβ)-L5100 relationship in AGN. The shape of the lag-spectrum, and its normalization, are entirely consistent with diffuse emission from radiation pressure supported clouds in a BLR with a covering factor of about 0.2. While some contributions to the continuum lag from the irradiated disk cannot be excluded, there is no need for this explanation.
Similarity-Based Analysis of Allele Frequency Distribution among Multiple Populations Identifies Adaptive Genomic Structural Variants
Authors: Saitou Marie , Masuda Naoki , Gokcumen Omer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Structural variants have a considerable impact on human genomic diversity. However, their evolutionary history remains mostly unexplored. Here, we developed a new method to identify potentially adaptive structural variants based on a similarity-based analysis that incorporates genotype frequency data from 26 populations simultaneously. Using this method, we analyzed 57,629 structural variants and identified 576 structural variants that show unusual population differentiation. Of these putatively adaptive structural variants, we further showed that 24 variants are multiallelic and overlap with coding sequences, and 20 variants are significantly associated with GWAS traits. Closer inspection of the haplotypic variation associated with these putatively adaptive and functional structural variants reveals deviations from neutral expectations due to: 1) population differentiation of rapidly evolving multiallelic variants, 2) incomplete sweeps, and 3) recent population-specific negative selection. Overall, our study provides new methodological insights, documents hundreds of putatively adaptive variants, and introduces evolutionary models that may better explain the complex evolution of structural variants.
CRISPRroots: on- and off-target assessment of RNA-seq data in CRISPR–Cas9 edited cells
Authors: Corsi Giulia I , Gadekar Veerendra P , Gorodkin Jan , Seemann Stefan E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool is used to study genomic variants and gene knockouts, and can be combined with transcriptomic analyses to measure the effects of such alterations on gene expression. But how can one be sure that differential gene expression is due to a successful intended edit and not to an off-target event, without performing an often resource-demanding genome-wide sequencing of the edited cell or strain? To address this question we developed CRISPRroots: CRISPR–Cas9-mediated edits with accompanying RNA-seq data assessed for on-target and off-target sites. Our method combines Cas9 and guide RNA binding properties, gene expression changes, and sequence variants between edited and non-edited cells to discover potential off-targets. Applied on seven public datasets, CRISPRroots identified critical off-target candidates that were overlooked in all of the corresponding previous studies. CRISPRroots is available via https://rth.dk/resources/crispr.
Characterizing patterns of dietary exposure using metabolomic profiles of human biospecimens: a systematic review
Authors: Andraos Stephanie , Beck Kathryn Louise , Jones Mary Beatrix , Han Ting-Li , Conlon Cathryn Anne , de Seymour Jamie Violet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextEstablishing diet–disease associations requires reliable assessment of dietary intake. With the rapid advancement of metabolomics, its use in identifying objective biomarkers of dietary exposure has substantially increased.ObjectiveThe aim of our review was to systematically combine all observational studies linking dietary intake patterns with metabolomic profiles of human biospecimens.Data SourcesFive databases were searched – MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL – to March 2020.Data ExtractionOf the 14 328 studies initially screened, 35 observational studies that met the specified inclusion criteria were included.Data analysisAll reviewed studies indicated that metabolomic measures were significantly correlated with dietary patterns, demonstrating the potential for using objective metabolomic measures to characterize individuals’ dietary intake. However, similar dietary patterns did not always result in similar metabolomic profiles across different study populations.ConclusionMetabolomic profiles reflect a multitude of factors, including diet, genetic, phenotypic, and environmental influences, thereby providing a more comprehensive picture of the impact of diet on metabolism and health outcomes. Further exploration of dietary patterns and metabolomic profiles across different population groups is warranted.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa on blood pressure and cardiometabolic markers
Authors: Ellis Lucy R , Zulfiqar Sadia , Holmes Mel , Marshall Lisa , Dye Louise , Boesch Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Hibiscus sabdariffa (hibiscus) has been proposed to affect cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective
To review the evidence for the effectiveness of hibiscus in modulating cardiovascular disease risk markers, compared with pharmacologic, nutritional, or placebo treatments.

Data Sources
A systematic search of the Web of Science, Cochrane, Ovid (MEDLINE, Embase, AMED), and Scopus databases identified reports published up to June 2021 on randomized controlled trials using hibiscus as an intervention for lipid profiles, blood pressure (BP), and fasting plasma glucose levels in adult populations.

Data Extraction
Seventeen chronic trials were included. Quantitative data were examined using a random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression with trial sequential analysis to account for type I and type II errors.

Data Analysis
Hibiscus exerted stronger effects on systolic BP (−7.10 mmHg [95%CI, −13.00, −1.20]; I2 = 95%; P = 0.02) than placebo, with the magnitude of reduction greatest in those with elevated BP at baseline. Hibiscus induced reductions to BP similar to that resulting from medication (systolic BP reduction, 2.13 mmHg [95%CI, −2.81, 7.06], I2 = 91%, P = 0.40; diastolic BP reduction, 1.10 mmHg [95%CI, −1.55, 3.74], I2 = 91%, P = 0.42). Hibiscus also significantly lowered levels of low-density lipoprotein compared with other teas and placebo (−6.76 mg/dL [95%CI, −13.45, −0.07]; I2 = 64%; P = 0.05).

Conclusions
Regular consumption of hibiscus could confer reduced cardiovascular disease risk. More studies are warranted to establish an effective dose response and treatment duration.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020167295
A pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treprostinil in the treatment of calcinosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Chung Melody P , Valenzuela Antonia , Li Shufeng , Catanese Benjamin , Stevens Kate , Fiorentino David , Strand Vibeke , Chung Lorinda 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral treprostinil in preventing progression of SSc-associated calcinosis.

Methods
This prospective open-label study enrolled 12 SSc patients meeting 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria with confirmed clinical and radiographic evidence of one or more calcinosis deposit in the hands. Patients received oral treprostinil for 1 year. Primary endpoints were safety/tolerability and percentage of patients without radiographic progression of calcinosis at 1 year (&lt;25% increase in Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium radiographic score). Secondary endpoints included 1-year changes in Scleroderma HAQ (SHAQ), Cochin Hand Functional Scale, Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36), Raynaud Condition Score and patient/physician assessment of calcinosis severity.

Results
Twelve female patients were enrolled, half with diffuse cutaneous disease; median age was 55 years (range 35–68 years). Five patients completed the study. Seven patients withdrew due to intolerable adverse effects (n = 3), intercurrent unrelated illness (n = 2, cirrhosis, cancer), progressive SSc (n = 1) and personal reasons (n = 1). Most patients developed headaches and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Four of 11 (36%) patients with 1-year follow-up hand radiographs experienced progression of calcinosis. Of five who completed treatment, calcinosis was stable in four (80%) with progression in one. Based on SF-36 Physical and Mental Component and Domain scores, transition question and SF-6D utility score, all patients who finished the trial reported overall improvement or no change compared with baseline.

Conclusion
Oral treprostinil was poorly tolerated in SSc patients with calcinosis. Of five patients who completed treatment, most (80%) had documented stability of calcinosis on hand radiographs at 1 year.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT02663895.
Parotid gland swelling in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: activity and other sialadenosis causes
Authors: Valim Valeria , Secco Anastasia , Reis de Oliveira Fabiola , Vázquez Marcos , Barbosa Rosa Bianca , Lourenço Macagnani Fernanda , Vargas-Bueno Katherine Daniela , Rojas Elías , Hernández-Delgado Alejandra , Catalan-Pellet Antonio , Hernández-Molina Gabriela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the prevalence of parotid gland swelling (PGS) and its association with features of SS and other causes of sialadenosis in a Latin-American cohort of primary SS.

Methods
We included 668 patients from Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Paraguay. We retrospectively registered demographics, disease duration, oral/ocular symptoms, serology and scored the basal ESSDAI. We defined PGS as a recurrent or persistent increase of volume of any parotid glands during adulthood (self-reported and/or physical examination). We registered the presence of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, body mass index and alcohol consumption. We used logistic regression analysis reporting odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI.

Results
PGS was present in 242 patients (36.2%): 78 previous to SS diagnosis, 86 concomitantly, 73 during follow-up and five unknown. At the multivariate analysis, PGS was associated with RF (OR 2.47, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.5, P = 0.0001), basal articular ESSDAI domain (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.6, P = 0.04) and alcohol consumption (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.41, 4-15). Patients with PGS during the follow-up had a higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (45.3%) compared with the remaining PGS cases (26.8%; OR 2.41 95% CI: 1.2, 4.7), or patients without parotid gland swelling (15.6%; OR 3.8 95% CI: 1.7, 8.2) in all the adjusted models.

Conclusion
PGS generally precedes or presents concomitantly with SS diagnosis, and is related to RF and articular activity. Alcohol consumption is an additional factor in PGS, especially during follow-up. The meaning of this last finding as well as its prognostic implications remains to be elucidated and deserves further evaluation in prospective studies.