bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning threats into opportunities: how to implement and advance quality TB services for people with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Roberts Teri , Sahu Suvanand , Malar James , Abdullaev Timur , Vandevelde Wim , Pillay Yogan G , Fujiwara Paula I , Reid Alasdair , Hader Shannon , Singh Satvinder , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Ahmedov Sevim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionUntil COVID‐19, tuberculosis (TB) was the leading infectious disease killer globally, disproportionally affecting people with HIV. The COVID‐19 pandemic is threatening the gains made in the fight against both diseases.DiscussionAlthough crucial guidance has been released on how to maintain TB and HIV services during the pandemic, it is acknowledged that what was considered normal service pre‐pandemic needs to improve to ensure that we rebuild person‐centred, inclusive and quality healthcare services. The threat that the pandemic may reverse gains in the response to TB and HIV may be turned into an opportunity by pivoting to using proven differentiated service delivery approaches and innovative technologies that can be used to maintain care during the pandemic and accelerate improved service delivery in the long term. Models of care should be convenient, supportive and sufficiently differentiated to avoid burdensome clinic visits for medication pick‐ups or directly observed treatments. Additionally, the pandemic has highlighted the chronic and short‐sighted lack of investment in health systems and the need to prioritize research and development to close the gaps in TB diagnosis, treatment and prevention, especially for children and people with HIV. Most importantly, TB‐affected communities and civil society must be supported to lead the planning, implementation and monitoring of TB and HIV services, especially in the time of COVID‐19 where services have been disrupted, and to report on legal, policy and gender‐related barriers to access experienced by affected people. This will help to ensure that TB services are held accountable by affected communities for delivering equitable access to quality, affordable and non‐discriminatory services during and beyond the pandemic.ConclusionsSuccessfully reaching the related targets of ending TB and AIDS as public health threats by 2030 requires rebuilding of stronger, more inclusive health systems by advancing equitable access to quality TB services, including for people with HIV, both during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Moreover, services must be rights‐based, community‐led and community‐based, to ensure that no one is left behind.
Voxel‐level Classification of Prostate Cancer on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Improving Accuracy Using Four‐Compartment Restriction Spectrum Imaging
Authors: Feng Christine H. , Conlin Christopher C. , Batra Kanha , Rodríguez‐Soto Ana E. , Karunamuni Roshan , Simon Aaron , Kuperman Joshua , Rakow‐Penner Rebecca , Hahn Michael E. , Dale Anders M. , Seibert Tyler M. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is integral to detection of prostate cancer (PCa), but conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cannot capture the complexity of prostate tissues and tends to yield noisy images that do not distinctly highlight cancer. A four‐compartment restriction spectrum imaging (RSI4) model was recently found to optimally characterize pelvic diffusion signals, and the model coefficient for the slowest diffusion compartment, RSI4‐C1, yielded greatest tumor conspicuity.PurposeTo evaluate the slowest diffusion compartment of a four‐compartment spectrum imaging model (RSI4‐C1) as a quantitative voxel‐level classifier of PCa.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsForty‐six men who underwent an extended MRI acquisition protocol for suspected PCa. Twenty‐three men had benign prostates, and the other 23 men had PCa.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, multishell diffusion‐weighted and axial T2‐weighted sequences.AssessmentHigh‐confidence cancer voxels were delineated by expert consensus, using imaging data and biopsy results. The entire prostate was considered benign in patients with no detectable cancer. Diffusion images were used to calculate RSI4‐C1 and conventional ADC. Classifier images were also generated.Statistical TestsVoxel‐level discrimination of PCa from benign prostate tissue was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated by bootstrapping with patient‐level case resampling. RSI4‐C1 was compared to conventional ADC for two metrics: area under the ROC curve (AUC) and false‐positive rate for a sensitivity of 90% (FPR90). Statistical significance was assessed using bootstrap difference with two‐sided α = 0.05.ResultsRSI4‐C1 outperformed conventional ADC, with greater AUC (mean 0.977 [95% CI: 0.951–0.991] vs. 0.922 [0.878–0.948]) and lower FPR90 (0.032 [0.009–0.082] vs. 0.201 [0.132–0.290]). These improvements were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionRSI4‐C1 yielded a quantitative, voxel‐level classifier of PCa that was superior to conventional ADC. RSI classifier images with a low false‐positive rate might improve PCa detection and facilitate clinical applications like targeted biopsy and treatment planning.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Time course of 3D fibrocartilage formation by expanded human meniscus fibrochondrocytes in hypoxia
Authors: Szojka Alexander R. A. , Liang Yan , Marqueti Rita de Cássia , Moore Colleen N. , Erkut Esra J. N. , Kunze Melanie , Mulet‐Sierra Aillette , Jomha Nadr M. , Adesida Adetola B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdult human meniscus fibrocartilage is avascular and nonhealing after injury. Meniscus tissue engineering aims to replace injured meniscus with lab‐grown fibrocartilage. Dynamic culture systems may be necessary to generate fibrocartilage of sufficient mechanical properties for implantation; however, the optimal static preculture conditions before initiation of dynamic culture are unknown. This study thus investigated the time course of fibrocartilage formation by human meniscus fibrochondrocytes on a three‐dimensional biomaterial scaffold under various static conditions. Human meniscus fibrochondrocytes from partial meniscectomy were expanded to passage 1 (P1) or P2 (3.0 ± 0.4 and 6.5 ± 0.6 population doublings), seeded onto type I collagen scaffolds, and grown in hypoxia (HYP, 3% O2) or normoxia (NRX, 20% O2) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Mechanical properties were not different between P1 and P2 cell‐based constructs. Mechanical properties were lower in HYP, increased continually in NRX only, and were positively correlated with glycosaminoglycan content and accumulation of hyaline cartilage‐like matrix components. The most mechanically competent tissues (NRX/9 weeks) reached 1/5 of the native meniscus instantaneous compression modulus but had an increasingly hypertrophic matrix‐forming phenotype. HYP consistently suppressed the hypertrophic phenotype. The results provide baselines of engineered meniscus fibrocartilage properties under static conditions, which can be used to select a preculture strategy for dynamic culture depending on the desired combination of mechanical properties, hyaline cartilage‐like matrix abundance, and hypertrophic phenotype.
Display interface design for rollers based on cognitive load of operator
Authors: Yan Ketong , Shao Jiang , Zhu Zhendong , Zhang Kun , Yao Jun , Tian Fangyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptimizing a display interface design for rollers is the focus of this study, in which the effects of cognitive load of the operator are taken into consideration, which greatly contribute to acquiring interface information accurately and enhancing cognitive efficiency. To reduce the cognitive demand of the operator, a commonly used generic display interface is modified in this study. Three methods are used to measure the cognitive load, including subjective (NASA Task Load Index) and physiological (eye movement) measurements and through task performance. These three measurements are used with two groups of subjects: those who view the original and those who are given the modified version during four given tasks. The findings show that the modified interface has a significant impact on eye movement and completion time of the four tasks. After a comprehensive analysis of the results from the three types of measurement, it is found that the modified interface is less cognitively demanding than the original interface and allows a higher cognitive performance, which accordingly demonstrates that the modifications made are effective in reducing cognitive load. This study therefore provides the scientific basis for advancing interface designs and evaluating the display interface designs for engineering equipment.
Propensity Score–Matched Analysis of Posttransplant Outcomes in Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Older Adult Recipients
Authors: Hakeem Abdul Rahman , Fathima Rukhaiya , Padmanaban Hrishikesh , Haribabu Kulaseharan , Rajalingam Rajesh , Palaniappan Kumar , Jothimani Dinesh , Kanagavelu Rathan , Rajakumar Akila , Kaliamoorthy Ilankumaran , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Rela Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

The impact of increasing recipient age on morbidity and mortality following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remains controversial. The study aims to analyze the impact of recipient age on outcomes following LDLT. Data on adult LDLTs performed between November 2009 and February 2020 were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on recipient age: 18 to 65 years (younger adults) and >65 years (older adults). Propensity score matching (PSM) using nearest‐neighbor matching was used to match each older recipient with up to 2 younger adult recipients using multiple preoperative parameters. Outcomes evaluated were duration of ventilation, need for reintubation, tracheostomy, intensive care unit (ICU) readmission, length of ICU and hospital stays, postoperative complications, reoperation within 90 days, and patient survival. A total of 801 adult LDLT recipients were included in the study; 751 (93.7%) were younger adults, and 50 (6.3%) were older adults. Older recipients were more likely to be diabetic (60.0% versus 39.7%) and hypertensive (44.0% versus 20.4%) with preexisting cardiac disease (28.0% versus 11.2%). However, their pretransplant Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score was significantly lower (14.5 versus 17.7), and they were more likely to receive a transplant because of hepatocellular carcinoma (38.0% versus 17.7%). Older recipients had longer durations of ventilation after LT both before (3.7 versus 1.9 days) and after PSM (4.0 versus 1.5 days). After PSM, the 30‐day (13.0% versus 2.4%), 90‐day (15.2% and 2.4%), and overall mortality rates (21.7% versus 7.1%) were significantly higher for older recipients when compared with younger recipients. There was no difference between the younger and older recipients with respect to other postoperative outcomes. This propensity score–matched study shows that the older LDLT recipients have higher 30‐day, 90‐day, 1‐year, and 5‐year mortality rates when compared with matched younger counterparts.
Endocrinological features of a patient with 14q microdeletion and Dubowitz phenotype
Authors: Amodeo Maria Elisa , Inzaghi Elena , Deodati Annalisa , Cianfarani Stefano 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDubowitz syndrome (DS) is a complex and rare condition characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, short stature, mild developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, skin eruption and bone marrow failure. Though approximately 200 cases have been described so far, no specific genetic analysis, laboratory tests or radiological exams are available to confirm the diagnosis which is still based on clinical and facial features. Although short stature is a major feature of the syndrome, no endocrine alterations have been reported so far and scant data are available about the efficacy and safety of GH treatment in these patients.MethodsA 13‐year‐old male patient was referred to our attention for short stature. Endocrinological evaluation including GH axis, adrenal and gonadal functions were assessed. aCGH was performed.Results14q terminal microdeletion associated with Dubowitz phenotype was found. Endocrinological investigations revealed the presence of hypopituitarism which showed a satisfactory response to short‐term growth hormone therapy. The subject also started glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Disorders in pubertal progression and gonadal function were noted.ConclusionsDubowitz syndrome (DS) includes different clinical findings variably occurring.Subjects with a Dubowitz phenotype should be carefully monitored for endocrinological anomalies. The prompt recognition of potential life‐threatening endocrinological condition for example adrenal insufficiency is mandatory in order to start an adequate and early treatment.
Dual‐channel glucose concentration sensor based on coupled cross‐stacked gratings
Authors: Li Rui , Wang Qi , Gao Xufeng , Cao Shuhua , Tao Chunxian , Hong Ruijin , Zhang Dawei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA dual‐channel glucose concentration sensor based on coupled cross‐stacked gratings is proposed. When the concentration of glucose solution is varied from 30 to 60 g/100 ml, the maximum values of the bulk sensitivity for peaks at longer and shorter resonance wavelength indicate approximately 615.57 and 262.94 nm/RIU, respectively. Therefore, the sensitivity of channel at longer wavelength is increased by 234.42% compared with that of the shorter wavelength. Advantageously, the dual‐channel sensor with different sensitivities can reduce measurement errors and noise effectively such as background noise and the fluctuation of the light source.
Detection, discrimination and quantification of amphetamine, cathinone and nor‐ephedrine regioisomers using benchtop 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Hulme Matthew C. , Hayatbakhsh Armita , Brignall Rachel M. , Gilbert Nicolas , Costello Andrew , Schofield Christopher J. , Williamson David C. , Kemsley E. Kate , Sutcliffe Oliver B. , Mewis Ryan E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmphetamine and cathinone derivatives are abused recreationally due to the sense of euphoria they provide to the user. Methodologies for the rapid detection of the drug derivative present in a seized sample, or an indication of the drug class, are beneficial to law enforcement and healthcare providers. Identifying the drug class is prudent because derivatisation of these drugs, to produce regioisomers, for example, occurs frequently to circumvent global and local drug laws. Thus, newly encountered derivatives might not be present in a spectral library. Employment of benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) could be used to provide rapid analysis of seized samples as well as identifying the class of drug present. Discrimination of individual amphetamine‐, methcathinone‐, N‐ethylcathinone and nor‐ephedrine‐derived fluorinated and methylated regioisomers is achieved herein using qualitative automated 1H NMR analysis and compared to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) data. Two seized drug samples, SS1 and SS2, were identified to contain 4‐fluoroamphetamine by 1H NMR (match score median = 0.9933) and GC–MS (RRt = 5.42–5.43 min). The amount of 4‐fluoroamphetamine present was 42.8%–43.4% w/w and 48.7%–49.2% w/w for SS1 and SS2, respectively, from quantitative 19F NMR analysis, which is in agreement with the amount determined by GC–MS (39.9%–41.4% w/w and 49.0%–49.3% w/w). The total time for the qualitative 1H NMR and quantitative 19F NMR analysis is ~10 min. This contrasts to ~40 min for the GC–MS method. The NMR method also benefits from minimal sample preparation. Thus, benchtop NMR affords rapid, and discriminatory, analysis of the drug present in a seized sample.
Porphyric neuropathy
Authors: Gandhi Mehta Rachana K. , Caress James B. , Rudnick Sean R. , Bonkovsky Herbert L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute hepatic porphyrias are inherited metabolic disorders that may present with polyneuropathy, which if not diagnosed early can lead to quadriparesis, respiratory weakness, and death. Porphyric neuropathy is an acute to subacute motor predominant axonal neuropathy with a predilection for the upper extremities and usually preceded by a predominantly parasympathetic autonomic neuropathy. The rapid progression and associated dysautonomia mimic Guillain‐Barré syndrome but are distinguished by the absence of cerebrospinal fluid albuminocytologic dissociation, progression beyond 4 wk, and associated abdominal pain. Spot urine test to assess the porphyrin precursors delta‐aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen can provide a timely diagnosis during an acute attack. Timely treatment with intravenous heme, carbohydrate loading, and avoidance of porphyrinogenic medications can prevent further neurological morbidity and mortality.
A systematic review of ketamine for the management of vaso‐occlusive pain in sickle cell disease
Authors: Harris Emily M. , Vilk Emily , Heeney Matthew M. , Solodiuk Jean , Greco Christine , Archer Natasha M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVaso‐occlusive episodes (VOEs) are a common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a significant cause of morbidity. Managing VOE pain can be difficult and complex. Ketamine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been used to manage VOE pain. This systematic literature review synthesizes research published from 2010 to 2020 on the use of ketamine infusion to decrease VOE pain. The review demonstrates that ketamine, a safe and effective treatment for VOE pain, could be considered more widely. However, the significant variability among published clinical studies with regard to dosing, timing of initiation, duration of infusion, and timing of discontinuation highlights the need for standardized ketamine infusion protocols for the management of VOE pain. We conclude with a brief discussion of key components of a potential standardized protocol supported by the literature reviewed as well as areas for future investigation.
New Thermolysis Routes of Diaminodinitroethylene (DADNE)
Authors: Krisyuk Boris Eduardovich , Sypko Timofey Mikhailovich 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrimary steps of thermolysis of the promising high‐energy compound 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (DADNE or FOX‐7) were studied by the quantum‐chemical methods using the PBE0 hybrid functional in the cc‐pVDZ basis set and the coupled‐cluster method at the CCSD/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level. A series of thermal decomposition reactions were studied. The reactions proceeding via hydrogen transfer from the amino group to carbon, along with four variants of transformations of the aci form of DADNE insufficiently studied earlier, are shown to be the most energetically favorable channels of the DADNE thermal decomposition. The activation enthalpies ΔHa of all these channels are close to the most reliable experimental values which are in the range of 190–200 kJ mol−1.
Characterizing spatial variability in coastal wetland biomass across multiple scales using UAV and satellite imagery
Authors: Doughty Cheryl L. , Ambrose Richard F. , Okin Gregory S. , Cavanaugh Kyle C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoastal wetland biomass is an important indicator of wetland productivity, carbon storage, health, and vulnerability to climate change. The ability to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) in wetlands at ecologically relevant scales is complicated by the spatial variability inherent to patterns in wetland vegetation and the biogeomorphic processes that help create them. Remote sensing provides an approach for mapping wetland biomass, but the spatial resolutions of satellite and airborne imagery often constrain the types of ecological patterns and processes that can be detected. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have previously been used to capture fine‐scale (≤1 m) variability in AGB in coastal wetland settings. However, it remains unclear if a UAV approach to estimating wetland biomass is transferrable across diverse wetland sites or how it compares to commonly used satellite‐based approaches. Here, we test the capabilities of UAVs in remotely quantifying AGB and compare biomass estimation using UAV and Landsat satellite imagery (30 m resolution) in several wetland sites in Southern California. Field surveys highlight significant spatial variability in wetland plant community AGB and height that influence remote biomass estimation. Relationships between UAV vegetation indices and AGB were site‐specific and influenced by vegetation types. Biomass estimation using UAVs (r2 = 0.40, RMSE = 534.6 g m−2) showed better correlation with NDVI than a Landsat‐based approach (r2 = 0.26, RMSE = 596.8 g m−2). We found combining high‐resolution UAV AGB maps and Landsat NDVI to develop AGB models showed the highest correlation (r2 = 0.45, RMSE = 659.7 g m−2) and provided additional spatial information to aid scaling field data to satellite imagery. Overall, UAVs captured more spatial complexity in aboveground biomass at finer scales than is possible with moderate‐resolution Landsat pixels, indicating that UAVs can be used to characterize patterns of within‐marsh variability resulting from local‐scale (≤ 100s of meters) ecological processes.
Value, rent, and profit: A stakeholder resource‐based theory
Authors: Stoelhorst J. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article goes back to first principles to develop a stakeholder resource‐based theory grounded in a team production view of the firm. First, the firm is conceptualized as a governance structure to facilitate stakeholder cooperation in team production and innovation. Second, value creation, value appropriation, rent, and profit are defined in ways that explicitly acknowledge the collective and dynamic nature of value creation. The resulting framework is used to explain how economic profit and stakeholder payments emerge in the interplay of value creation and appropriation. One fundamental insight is that above normal returns to shareholders result from their (privileged) position in governance structures, as opposed to a competitive market logic. Implications for resource‐based theory and the notion of shareholder primacy are discussed.Managerial SummaryHow do firms generate profit? And what determines who appropriates this profit? These questions are answered by conceptualizing the firm as a coalition of stakeholders who provide resources to engage in team production and team innovation. Once the firm is seen in this way, two fundamental things become clear. First, profit is the result of how resource bundles are managed: profit depends on management's ability to assemble, develop, and deploy resource bundles that are unique in terms of novelty, complementarities, and/or scale. Second, appropriation of profit is the result of pure bargaining: who appropriates the profit generated by the firm is not determined by markets, but depends on the formal and informal governance rules that guide the bargaining over profit among the firm's stakeholders.