bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Fairness of Personal Income Taxation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Yulgusheva L. A. 
Published: March 2021

The paper explores the issue of fairness of progressive taxation. The introduction of progressive taxation in the Russian Federation in 2021 was announced by the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin in his Address to citizens on June 23, 2020. The issue of returning to progressive taxation has been repeatedly raised in the scientific community, and one argument in its favor was the provision that progressive taxation is more fair than proportional taxation. At the same time, as Putin’s words suggest, the main goal of the introduction of tax progression is to find funds for financing certain projects, but not to achieve justice. However, the task set by the President does not exclude the need to investigate the issue of fairness of progressive taxation and the doctrinal justification of the proposed changes, which makes the chosen topic relevant.The paper deals with the essence of “fair taxation” on the basis of the theories of justice, developed by John Rawls and Amartya Sen, and principles of taxation. The author analyzes the Federal Law of November 23, 2020, No. 372-FZ “On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in Part Concerning Taxation of Personal Income Exceeding 5 Million Rubles for the Tax Period” that introduces application of a combined tax rate to the income exceeding 5 million rubles per year, as well as the issue of prospects for further changes in personal income taxation in the Russian Federation in the context of achieving justice. Methodologically, the paper is based on the principles of the dialectical approach. The author applies general scientific methods of cognition, namely: analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction.Based on the principles of taxation and several approaches to the interpretation of fairness, it is concluded that progressive taxation is more fair than the ones in force until 2020, including proportional taxation. The author proposes amendments to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation aimed at enhancing fairness of taxation. They include intensification of tax progressiveness (taking into account amendments entering into effect on January 1, 2021) and the introduction of a tax-free minimum on personal income.
Cuidado paliativo em acidente vascular cerebral: um olhar nutricional
Authors: Loss Igor Oliveira , Veira Patrícia Maria , Frizzo Heloísa Cristina Figueiredo , Machado Marcus Paulo Ribeiro , Pires Patrícia da Silva , Guimarães Elaine Leonezi 
Published: March 2021

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma das maiores causas de óbito e/ou incapacidade funcional no Brasil e no mundo. Os cuidados paliativos são uma forma humanizada e diferenciada de assistência ao paciente, e podem ser empregados em diversas doenças que ameaçam a vida, como no AVC. Recentemente, o Ministério da Saúde publicou uma resolução que normatizou a oferta de cuidados paliativos como parte dos cuidados continuados integrados no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Esta é uma reflexão sobre conceitos e a abordagem nutricional no cuidado paliativo de pacientes acometidos por AVC. Embora a terapia nutricional não represente vantagens em abordagens paliativas, para um seleto grupo de acometidos por AVC, a recuperação ou manutenção de um bom estado nutricional podem ser fundamentais para a qualidade de vida, inclusive em situações de desospitalização.
Impacto da ação educativa nos comunicantes de hanseníase em uma unidade municipal de saúde
Authors: Ferreira Jean Vitor Silva , Sagica Taís Dos Passos , Silva Risângela Patrícia De Freitas Pantoja da , Lima Julliana Santos Ribeiro , Cunha Maria Heliana Chaves Monteiro da , Ramos Aline Maria Pereira Cruz 
Published: March 2021

Este é um estudo prospectivo, transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido de 2017 a 2018, numa unidade municipal de saúde de Belém-PA; e que tem como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento de comunicantes de hanseníase antes e após uma ação educativa, acerca dos sinais e sintomas da doença, os riscos de adoecimento e as formas de prevenção. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 93 comunicantes, das quais 48% acreditava que a doença era transmitida por utensílios, assim como 54% afirmava ser uma patologia letal. Existiam lacunas significativas de conhecimento sobre a hanseníase por parte dos contatos intradomiciliares contatados. Identificou-se impacto positivo da ação educativa, com aumento do nível de conhecimento sobre a hanseníase entre os comunicantes.
“Students Are My Life”: Reflections of One Novice EFL Teacher in Central America
Authors: Farrell Thomas S.C. , Avejic Vanja 
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a case study that examined the principles and practices of one novice English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher at a prominent English language institution in Central America. More specifically, this qualitative study sought to contribute to the discussion of the perceived interdependent influences of EFL teachers’ thoughts and behaviours through five stages of self-reflection using Farrell’s (2015) framework for reflective practice. Overall, the findings suggest that the teacher’s stated principles related to her philosophy, beliefs, and theory converge with her classroom practices; however, areas of divergence were also observed. Recommendations are included on the usefulness of the framework for ESL (English as a second language) teachers when reflecting on their practice.
Cet article présente une étude de cas qui s’est penchée sur les principes et les pratiques d’une enseignante d’anglais langue étrangère (ALE) débutante dans une institution de langue anglaise renommée d’Amérique centrale. Plus particulièrement, cette étude qualitative a cherché à contribuer à la discussion sur les influences interdépendantes perçues des pensées et des comportements des enseignants d’ALE à travers cinq étapes d’autoréflexion à l’aide du cadre de pratique réflexive de Farrell (2015). Dans l’ensemble, les résultats suggèrent que les principes énoncés de l’enseignante liés à sa philosophie, à ses croyances et à sa théorie convergent vers ses pratiques en salle de classe; cependant, on a aussi observé des zones de divergence. Nous avons inclus des recommandations sur l’utilité du cadre pour les enseignants d’ALS (anglais langue seconde) lorsqu’ils réfléchissent à leur pratique.
Developing the Attitude Scale for Protection From Cervical Cancer
Authors: Dadak Abdullah , Ouyaba Ayşe Taştekin 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeTo develop an attitude scale that measures the cognitive, affective, and behavioral skills of women to prevent cervical cancer.MethodsContent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were examined. The content validity was evaluated by eight experts. The psychometric properties of a 39-item scale were evaluated on 530 women in a community health center in Turkey.ResultsThe content validity index was 0.98. The factor loads of the scales were above 0.65 and the variance explanation ratio was 55.5%. In confirmatory factor analysis, the final scale structure with three factors and 22-item was confirmed. Cronbach's Alpha was .87.ConclusionsThe results show that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for revealing the attitudes of Turkish women toward cervical cancer prevention.
The Causal Relationship Between Internal Motivation and Learning Readiness With the Cognitive Learning Achievement in Learning Biology at SMA Negeri 1 Cawas in Class Year of 2011/2012.
Authors: Suviana Novita Tyas , Karyanto Puguh , Sugiharto Bowo 
Published: March 2021

<div class="WordSection1"><p>This research is aimed to know causal relationship between: 1) internal motivation and cognitive learning achievement in learning Biology, 2) internal motivation and learning readiness in leaening Biology, 3) learning readiness and cognitive learning achievement in learning Biology, 4) internal motivation and cognitive learning achievement through learning readiness in learning Biology.This was a correlational research and conducted upon high school student at SMA Negeri 1 Cawas in academic year in 2011/2012. The sample was taken among 100 samples of student using stratified random sampling technique. Documentation technique was used to uncover student’s cognitive learning achievement, while internal motivation and learning readiness was measured by using queationnaire. The obtained data was analysed using path analysis in SPSS 16.The result showed that (1) there is causal corellation between internal motivation and cognitive learning achievement in learning Biology, 2) there is causal corellation between internal motivation and learning readiness in learning Biology, 3) there is causal corellation between learning readiness and cognitive learning achievement in learning Biology, 4) there is causal corellation between internal motivation and cognitive learning achievement through learning readiness in learning Biology. The aforementioned corellation are considured as significant and positive valuable. This research showed that learning readiness can be a intervening variable for the corellation between of internal motivation and cognitive learning achievement.</p><p align="center"> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: internal motivation, learning readiness, cognitive learning achievement of biology, path analysis</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td bgcolor="white" width="42" height="39"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>
Increasing Students Science Process Skills and Achievement Through the Implementation of Guided Inquiry Learning Strategy of Class VIII-F SMP Negeri 5 Surakarta Class Year 2011/2012
Authors: Saputra Alanindra , Widoretno Sri , Santoso Slamet 
Published: March 2021

<p>Two research objectives have been stated, namely improving student learning achievement and science process skill improvement. This two objectives were ascertained ofter the application of Guided Inquiry strategy towards junior high school student of Surakarta. This research was conducted upon junior high school student of SMP Negeri 5 Surakarta in academic year of 2011/2012. As in a classroom action research, this research performed within 4 cycles and each consist of 4 phases namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The obtained data were analized descriptively ofter validated using split half method. The result showed that Guided Inquiry did a good job. According to the observation the percentage of science process skill had been improved from the baseline 50,62% to 54,43% in 2<sup>nd</sup> cyle to 64,57% in 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle and ended up by 68,48% in the last cycle. This it can be concluded that Guided Inquiry has given effects towards science process skill student learning achievement has also been improved from baseline. The cognitive achievement has been improved from 14,53% to 15,12% in 2<sup>nd</sup> cyle to 15,75% in 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle and ended up by 15,25% in the last cycle. This improvement can also been seen in the affective and psikomotoric as well. The affective achievement has been improved from 49,96% to 51,72% in 2<sup>nd</sup> cyle to 61,07% in 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle and ended up by 61,61% in the last cycle. The Psikomotoric achievement has been improved from 43,80% to 52,01% in 2<sup>nd</sup> cyle to 62,72% in 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle and ended up by 71,93% in the last cycle. Hence it can be concluded that Guided Inquiry has considered as effective to improve learning achievement.</p><p> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: Guided Inquiry, Science Process Skills, Achievement</p>
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain Write terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Wardatun Hikmah , Dwiastuti Sri , Karyanto Puguh 
Published: March 2021

<p>This research aimed to find out whether or not there is an effect of Predict Observe Explain Write on the critical thinking ability of the X graders of SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo in academic year on 2012/2013. This study was a quasi experiment research. Posstet only nonequivalent control group design is used in this research. The population of research was all X grades of SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo in academic year 2012/2013 consisiting 285 students. Cluster sampling.is used to this research. The result of cluster sampling is choosen for X6 as experimental gruop and X7 as control group. Predict observe explain write model is applied in experimental group and conventional model is applied in control group. The data was collected by using critical thinking test, observastion sheet, and school documents. The data were analyzed by t-test. The results of this research shows that the mean of student’s capability of critical thinking in experiment class higher than control class, it was 70,41 for experiment class and 61,98 for control class. The result of hypothesis is analyzed by t-test and it gets significant value 0,000 (sig.&lt;0,05), so the Predict Observe Explain Write model has effect toward student’s capability of critical thinking. This conclution is the application of Predict Observe Explain Write models has real effect toward critical thinking ability of X grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo in academic year on 2012/2013.</p><p align="center"> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: Predict Observe Explain model, Think Talk Write strategy, Critical Thinking Ability</p>
Studi Komparasi Hasil Belajar Biologi dengan Pembelajaran INSTAD (Inquiry-STAD) dan Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing (Guided Inquiry) pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri Gondangrejo Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Saputri Dina Dyah , Harlita Harlita , Karyanto Puguh 
Published: March 2021

<p>This research aimed to find out the effect of inquiry-STAD (InSTAD) learning compared with that of the guided inquiry on the biology learning achievement of the X graders of SMA Negeri Gondangrejo in the school year of 2012/2013.This study was a quasi-experiment research. The research design was Post-Test only with Nonequivalent Group using experiment 1 class (InSTAD strategy) and experiment 2 (guided inquiry strategy application). The population of research was all X graders of SMA Negeri Gondangrejo in the school year of 2012/2013. The sampling technique used was cluster sampling and two classes were taken as experiment 1 and experiment 2 classes. Techniques of collecting data used were multiple-choice test, observation sheet, and school document. The hypothesis testing was done using t-test. The conclusion of this research were have not differences result between InSTAD and Guided Inquiry learning toward student’s cognitive achievement in studying biology of SMA Negeri Gondangrejo and have differences result between InSTAD and Guided Inquiry learning toward student’s afective and psycomotor achievement in studying biology of SMA Negeri Gondangrejo. With this research is expected to have a discourse teachers and new knowledge and be able to apply this learning to improve science process skills in students so that the nature of biology can be realized students working scientifically.</p><p align="center"> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: INSTAD Learning , Guided Inquiry Learning, Biologi Learning Achievement</p>
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Yanti Dwi Eka , Karyanto Puguh , Sugiharto Bowo 
Published: March 2021

<p>This research aimed to find out whether or not there is an effect of Project Based Learning (PjBL) on the critical thinking ability of the X graders of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in biology subject in the school year of 2012/2013. This study was a quasi-experimental research using Post-test Non Equivalent Group Design using cluster sampling. The population of research was all X graders of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the school year of 2012/2013 consisting of 288 students, while the sample consisted of two classes: control one containing 33 students and experiment one containing 35 students. The control class employed varied lecturing learning method and the experiment one employed Project Based Learning (PjBL) model. Technique of collecting data used was test item and observation sheet. The research hypothesis testing was done using t-test.The result of research showed that Project Based Learning (PjBL) model affected the students’ critical thinking ability. The mean score of critical thinking ability in the experiment class employing Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in learning was higher than that in control class employing varied lecturing method.The conclusion of research was that Project Based Learning (PjBL) model affected significantly the critical thinking ability of the second semester of the X graders of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the school year of 2012/2013.</p><p align="center"> </p><p>Key Words: Project Based Learning (PjBL) , critical thinking ability.</p>
Perbandingan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dengan Penerapan Model Pembelajaran POE (Predict Observe Explain) dan POEW (Predict Observe Explain Write) pada Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Ngemplak Boyolali Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Qomariyah Nurul , Indrowati Meti , Ariyanto Joko 
Published: March 2021

<p>The research is aimed to find out the difference of creative thinking skills between application of POE (Predict Observe Explain) and POEW (Predict Observe Explain Write) learning model on student at SMA Negeri 1 Ngemplak Boyolali in academis year 2012/2013. The research belonged to the quasi experiment with research design Posttest Only Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. This research applied POE (Predict Observe Explain) learning model in the experimental group 1 and POEW (Predict Observe Explain Write)learning model in the experimental group 2. Population of research was the students in X degree SMA Negeri 1 Ngemplak Boyolali. The sampling used the cluster sampling was used as samply techniquel. The data collection technique was usedwerw test method belonged test shaped essay (for taking the data of students` creative thinking skills) and non-test method belonged documents method (for taking second data) and observation method (for taking the enforceability of the syntax and measure students` achievement psichomotor and affective as supporting data). Hypothesis testing belonged t-test. The results of the research shows that the mean of student`s capability of creative thinking in experiment group 1 higher than experiment group 2, it was 77,35 for experiment group 1 and 70,57 for experiment group 2. The result of hypothesis is analyze by t-test and it gets significant value 0,010 (sig&lt;0,05), so there is difference of creative thinking skills between application of POE learning model and POEW learning model. Conclution of the research is there creative thinking skills between class use POE (Predict Observe Explain)learning model different withclass use POEW (Predict Observe Explain Write) learning model on student at SMA Negeri 1 Ngemplak Boyolali in academis year 2012/2013.</p><p align="center"> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: POE (Predict Observe Explain) Learning Model, POEW (Predict Observe Explain Write) Learning Model, Creative Thinking Skills</p>
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Blended-Problem Solving melalui Aplikasi Moodle untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Kelas XI IPA 4 SMA N 3 Surakata Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Triyanto Samuel Agus , Prayitno Baskoro Adi , Probosari Riezky Maya 
Published: March 2021

<p>This study is aimed to improve critical thinking ability of the X-1 class of SMA N 3 Surakarta through the implementation of Blended-Problem Solving through Moodle application. This research was a classroom action research that divided into several cycles, each cycle includes four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subject of this research was the students of X-1 class at SMA N 3 Surakarta in academic year of 2012/2013. The data was obtained through the test (essay test) and non-test (interviews and documentations). And be analyzed with descriptive analytical techniques then validated by triangulation techniques. The results showed that students critical thinking ability was increased in Pre-cycle, Cycle I, and Cycle II. Critical thinking consist of six aspects are interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. The improvement in interpretation aspect increased from 42,19% to 66,41%. Analysis aspect increased from 36,72% to 78,13%. Evaluation aspect increased from 33,59% to 78,91%. Inference aspect increased from 40,63% to 64,06%. Explanation aspect increased from 30,47% to 73,44%. Self-regulation aspect increased from 43,75% to 78,91%. The conclusion of this study explained that the implementation of Blended-Problem Solving with moodle could improve critical thinking ability of the X-1 class at SMA N 3 Surakarta.</p><p align="center"> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: Blended-Problem Solving, Moodle, Critical Thinking</p>
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Memanfaatkan Potensi Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Aspek Problem Solving pada Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Vasminingtya Dhora , Sajidan Sajidan , Fatmawati Umi 
Published: March 2021

<p>This research’s aim is to increase the problem solving skill of the students in X-A of SMA Negeri Sragen Billingual Boarding School Gemolong academic Year 2013/2014. The matter is about Enviroment Pollution through Problem Based Learning application by using local area potention. This research is a class action research which consists of three cycles. Each cycle contains of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subject is the students in X-A of SMA Negeri Sragen Billingual Boarding School Gemolong academic Year 2013/2014. Data of research were obtained by test and non test technique. Data validation were used triangulation of methods and triangulation of observers. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive technique.The results of this research showed that according triangulation the average percentage for IDEAL problem solver. IDEAL problem solver design measured with performance assement consist of IDEAL process and IDEAL product. The average of IDEAL problem solver become value of problem solving skill for every student. The result of the research shows that the implementation of problem based learning increase the students’ problem solving skill that covers the IDEAL problem solver. The total average of IDEAL problem solver in the X-A class SBBS increased from 42,0 move up into 85,7 score. This research’s conclusion is the implementation of problem based learning can increase the problem solving skill of the students in of SMA Negeri Sragen Billingual Boarding School Gemolong academic Year 2013/2014 about enviroment pollution material.</p><p align="center"> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: Problem based learning, problem solving skill</p>