bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective inhibition of microRNA processing by a herpesvirus-encoded microRNA triggers virus reactivation from latency
Authors: Hennig Thomas , Prusty Archana , Kaufer Benedikt , Whisnant Adam , Lodha Manivel , Enders Antje , Thomas Julius , Kasimir Francesca , Grothey Arnhild , Herb Stefanie , Juerges Christopher , Meister Gunter , Erhard Florian , Dolken Lars , Prusty Bhupesh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Herpesviruses have mastered host cell modulation and immune evasion to augment productive infection, life-long latency and reactivation thereof 1,2. A long appreciated, yet elusively defined relationship exists between the lytic-latent switch and viral non-coding RNAs 3,4. Here, we identify miRNA-mediated inhibition of miRNA processing as a novel cellular mechanism that human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) exploits to disrupt mitochondrial architecture, evade intrinsic host defense and drive the latent-lytic switch. We demonstrate that virus-encoded miR-aU14 selectively inhibits the processing of multiple miR-30 family members by direct interaction with the respective pri-miRNA hairpin loops. Subsequent loss of miR-30 and activation of miR-30/p53/Drp1 axis triggers a profound disruption of mitochondrial architecture, which impairs induction of type I interferons and is necessary for both productive infection and virus reactivation. Ectopic expression of miR-aU14 was sufficient to trigger virus reactivation from latency thereby identifying it as a readily drugable master regulator of the herpesvirus latent-lytic switch. Our results show that miRNA-mediated inhibition of miRNA processing represents a generalized cellular mechanism that can be exploited to selectively target individual members of miRNA families. We anticipate that targeting miR-aU14 provides exciting therapeutic options for preventing herpesvirus reactivations in HHV-6-associated disorders like myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long-COVID.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Through LOX-Mediated Matrix Stiffness
Authors: Zhang Jia-Yi , Zhu Wei-Wen , Wang Meng-Yao , Zhai Run-Dong , Wang Qiong , Shen Wei-Li , Liu Lai-Kui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in the tumor microenvironment, have prominent roles in the development of solid tumors as stromal targets. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs’ function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in CAFs in tumor stromal remodeling and the mechanism of its effect on OSCC progression. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression and correlation of the α - SMA and LOX in OSCC specimens, as well as the correlation with clinicopathological parameters. The expression of LOX in CAFs were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. The effects of LOX in CAFs on the biological characteristics of OSCC cell line were investigated using CCK-8, wound-healing, Transwell migration and invasion assay. Next, CAFs cells were co-cultured with type I collagen in vitro, and collagen contraction test, microstructure observation and rheometer were used to detect the effect of CAFs on remodeling collagen matrix. Then, collagen with different stiffness were established to investigate the effect of matrix stiffness on the invasion and EMT of OSCC cells. Moreover, we explored whether the increase of matrix stiffness promote the progress of OSCC through activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation pathway.Results: In OSCC specimens, α-SMA, the specific markers of CAFs, and LOX were highly expressed in tumor stromal tissues, and they were significantly correlated with the degree of malignant differentiation. LOX was highly expressed in CAFs, and its knockdown impaired proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process of OSCC cells. The expression of LOX in CAFs can catalyze collagen crosslinking and increase matrix stiffness. Furthermore, LOX-mediated increase in collagen stiffness induced morphological changes and promoted invasion and EMT process in OSCC cells by activating FAK phosphorylation pathway. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CAFs highly express LOX in OSCC and can remodel the matrix collagen microenvironment, and an increase in LOX-mediated matrix stiffness promotes OSCC development through FAK phosphorylation pathway. Thus, LOX may be a potential target for the early diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of OSCC.
Bryozoans from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota
Authors: Wei Fan , Lei Xiangtong , Li Gaorong , Zhao Yang , Hou Xian-guang , Cong Peiyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bryozoa are colonial, aquatic, generally sessile coelomate metazoans, with a retractable lophophore and U-shaped digestive tract. They are widely distributed and highly diverse in extant marine and freshwater environments. Current confident fossils of the earliest bryozoan only occur in the Early Ordovician, although molecular estimation date their origin in or prior to the early Cambrian, rendering the origin and early evolution of bryozoans are intensely debated. Here, we describe two cyclostomes, Panpipora yunnanensis gen. et. sp. nov. and Corynotrypa sp., having been recovered from the Cambrian Chengjiang Biota (~ 518 m.y.) in Southwest China. The bryozoans represent the earliest fossils of Bryozoa, predating the record of the phylum by more than 30 million years. Our finding reveals that the Bryozoa, as all other skeletonised metazoans, first evolved during the Cambrian Explosion, and it is congruent with estimation of molecular clock that the cyclostomes is the earliest biomineralised clade. Corynotrypa might be derived from unmineralized ctenostomes by stolonal mineralization and change of growth direction of polypides from vertical to creeping. The unmineralised frontal exterior wall might be a share character existed in all ancestral clades. Encrusting specimens that inhabited in muddy environments have been confirmed here, further suggesting that encrusting bryozoans underwent a profound ecological migration from soft- to hard-bottom facies from Cambrian to Ordovician.
The Atmospheric River Threat to Antarctic Peninsula Ice-Shelf Stability
Authors: Wille Jonathan , Favier Vincent , Jourdain Nicolas , Kittel Christoph , Turton Jenny , Agosta Cecilie , Gorodetskaya Irina , Picard Ghislain , Codron Francis , Amory Charles , Fettweis Xavier , Blanchet Juliette , Jomelli Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The disintegration of the ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula have spurred much discussion on the various processes leading to their eventual dramatic collapse, but without a consensus on an atmospheric forcing that could connect these processes. Here, using an atmospheric river (AR) detection algorithm along with a regional climate model and satellite observations, we show that particularly intense ARs have a ~40% probability of inducing extreme events of temperature, surface melt, sea-ice disintegration, or large swells; all processes proven to induce ice-shelf destabilization. This was observed during the collapses of the Larsen A, B, and overall, 60% of calving events triggered by ARs from 2000-2020. The loss of the buttressing effect from these ice shelves leads to further continental ice loss and subsequent sea-level rise. Understanding how ARs connect various disparate processes cited in ice-shelf collapse theories is essential for identifying other at-risk ice shelves like the Larsen C.
Study On The Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of AISI 321 Variable Wall Angle Geometry
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Jawad , Israr Asif , Akram Muhammad Soban , Muqeet Abdul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For rapid prototyping, design validation and small batch productions process with low tooling cost is preferred. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a die-less sheet metal forming process which requires only low cost forming tool driven by CNC machine in a toolpath to form required geometry at room temperature from sheet blank clamped in a low cost and low stiffness clamping system. In this study, effect of process parameters such as tool radius, feed rate and lubrication are considered on the formability of the truncated profile of AISI 321 Variable Wall Geometry (VWA). Set parameters conditions with 2 level layers are optimized using numerical and statistical approach. Experimentation on the same setup is carried out by selecting the most, least and mid favorable solutions optimized on the basis of forming forces and stresses in the sheet. Geometrical accuracy, sheet thinning, and forming forces are compared analytically, numerically and experimentally addressing the inadequacy of analytically models for Variable Wall Angle Geometries.
Multi-Center Evaluation of Artificial Intelligent Imaging And Clinical Models For Predicting Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response In Breast Cancer
Authors: Qi Tan Hong , Hian Ong Hiok , Kumaran Arjunan Muthu , Tan Tira J. , Cong Ryan Shea Tan Ying , Su-Xin Ghislaine Lee , Hsuen Elaine Lim , Hui Raymond Ng Chee , Chert Richard Yeo Ming , Tching Faye Lynette Lim Wei , Zewen Zhang , Hui Christina Yang Shi , Xin Wong Ru , Kai Gideon Ooi Su , Hao Lester Leong Chee , Ming Tan Su , Preetha Madhukumar , Yirong Sim , Mien Veronique Tan Kiak , Yeong Joe , Yong Wong Fuh , Yiyu Cai , Nei Wen Long 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) plays an important role in the management of locally advanced breast cancer. It allows for downstaging of tumours, potentially allowing for breast conservation. NAC also allows for in-vivo testing of the tumours’ response to chemotherapy and provides important prognostic information. There are currently no clearly defined clinical models that incorporate imaging with clinical data to predict response to NAC. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop a predictive AI model based on routine CT imaging and clinical parameters to predict response to NAC. Methods:The CT scans of 324 patients with NAC from multiple centers in Singapore were used in this study. Four different radiomics models were built for predicting pathological complete response (pCR): first two were based on textural features extracted from peri-tumoral and tumoral regions, the third model based on novel space-resolved radiomics which extract feature maps using voxel-based radiomics and the fourth model based on Deep Learning (DL). Clinical parameters were included to build a final prognostic model. Results:The best performing models were based on space-resolved and deep learning approaches. Space-resolved radiomics improves the clinical AUCs of pCR prediction from 0.743 (0.650 to 0.831) to 0.775 (0.685 to 0.860) and our DL model improved it from 0.743 (0.650 to 0.831) to 0.772 (0.685 to 0.853). The tumoral radiomics model performs the worst with no improvement of the AUC from the clinical model. The peri-tumoral combined model gives moderate performance with an AUC of 0.765 (0.671 to 0.855). Conclusions:Radiomics features extracted from diagnostic CT augments the predictive ability of pathological complete response when combined with clinical features. The novel space-resolved radiomics and deep learning radiomics approaches outperformed conventional radiomics techniques.
Cyberattacks Detection and Analysis in a Network Log System Using XGBoost with ELK Stack
Authors: Yang Chao-Tung , Chan Yu-Wei , Liu Jung-Chun Liu , Kristiani Endah , Lai Cing-Han 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The usage of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods on cyberattacks increasing significantly recently. For the defense method of cyberattacks, it is possible to detect and identify the attack event by observing the log data and analyzing whether it has abnormal behavior or not. This paper implemented the ELK Stack network log system (NetFlow Log) to visually analyze log data and present several network attack behavior characteristics for further analysis. Additionally, this system evaluated the extreme gradient enhancement (XGBoost), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for machine learning methods. Keras was used as a deep learning framework for building a model to detect the attack event. From the experiments, it can be confirmed that the XGBoost model has an accuracy rate of 96.01% for potential threats. The full attack data set can achieve 96.26% accuracy, which is better than RNN and DNN models.
The Relationship Among Integrin Alpha 7, CD133 and Nestin as Well as Their Correlation With Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis in Astrocytoma Patients
Authors: Li Changtai , Liu Jiao , Yang Wei , Chen Chongyi , Wu Bo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: Integrin alpha 7 (ITGA7), a potential glioma stem cell marker, regulates several other stem cell markers including CD133 and Nestin in several cancers, meanwhile its high expression is related to poor prognosis in multiple solid tumor patients. However, few studies report correlation of ITGA7 with prognosis in astrocytoma patients. Hence, this study aimed to determine the astrocytoma-tissue ITGA7, CD133 and Nestin expressions to explore their relationship and clinical value for astrocytoma management. Methods: Totally, 124 patients with primary astrocytoma were included. Their tumor tissue ITGA7, CD133 and Nestin expressions were determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) assay and scored by intensity and density ranging from 0-12 points. Besides, their clinical features (such as world health organization (WHO) grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, and adjuvant therapy etc.) were collected, also their overall survival (OS) were analyzed by follow-up data. Results: The mean IHC scores for ITGA7, CD133 and Nestin were 4.9±2.5, 2.1±2.6 and 5.8±2.6, respectively. Moreover, ITGA7 high expression correlated with absence of IDH mutation (P=0.004), advanced WHO grade (P=0.001) and shorter OS (P=0.005). Besides, ITGA7 positively correlated with CD133 (P=0.001) and Nestin (P=0.001) expressions. Regarding CD133 and Nestin, their high expression also correlated with increased WHO grade and shorter OS. Furthermore, multivariant Cox’s regression analysis displayed that only CD133 high expression (P=0.021) could independently predict reduced OS, while ITGA7 or Nestin high expression could not. Conclusion: ITGA7, CD133 and Nestin are intercorrelated, also their high expressions associate with deteriorating disease conditions and poor prognosis in astrocytoma patients.
Bio-composites for Fused Filament Fabrication. Effects of Maleic Anhydride Grafting on Poly(Lactic Acid) and Microcellulose
Authors: Rigotti Daniele , Fambri Luca , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Composite filaments consisting of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) were successfully used for additive manufacturing (AM) by fused filament fabrication (FFF). PLA and MCC bio-composites were obtained by direct mixing in a melt compounder; maleic anhydride (MAH) was also grafted onto PLA in reactive mixing stage to evaluate its effect on the final properties of the printed material. Filaments with various concentrations of MCC (up to a maximum content of 10 wt%) were produced with a single screw extruder and used to feed a commercial desktop FFF printer. Upon grafting of PLA with MAH, a more coherent interfacial morphology between PLA and MCC was detected by electron microscopy analysis. The thermal degradation of the PLA was unaffected by the presence of MCC and MAH. According to differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results, micro-cellulose acted as nucleating agent for PLA. In fact, the crystallization peak shifted towards lowers temperature and a synergistic effect when MCC was added to PLA grafted with MAH was observed possibly due to the increase of the chain mobility. Micro cellulose led to an increase in the stiffness of the material in both filaments and 3D printed specimen, however, a different fracture behavior was observed due to the peculiar structure of printed samples.
First-Principles Study of (CsMA)NaSbX6 (MA= Methylammonium; X=Cl, Br, I) Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Double Perovskites For Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Johnson Austin , Gbaorun F. , Ikyo B.A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Significant interests have been drawn to organic-inorganic hybrid double perovskites towards the commercialization of Pb-free non-toxic perovskites because of their unique optoelectronic properties than their inorganic counterparts. In this study, the structural, electronic and optical properties as well as stability of (CsMA)NaSbX6(MA= methylammonium; X= Cl, Br, I) were investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). Results of the DFT method reveal that the investigated compounds have tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients and high refractive indices. Findings also show that the iodide-based compound, (CsMA)NaSbI6 shows superior optoelectronic properties compared to the bromide and chloride- based compounds, (CsMA)NaSbBr6 and (CsMA)NaSbCl6. Specifically, results of the study predict the (CsMA)NaSbI6 organic-inorganic hybrid double perovskite to be a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications due to its high absorption coefficient (in the order of 106cm-1), dielectric constant (approx.4.43), imaginary part of the refractive index (2.83) as well as the high formation energy depicting its stability. These results can be utilized for synthesis of sustainable and non-toxic optoelectronic devices.
General Synthesis of Ultrafine Metal Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Ultrahigh-Flux Nanofiltration Membrane
Authors: Zhang Wanyu , Xu Hai , Xie Fei , Ma Xiaohua , Niu Bo , Chen Mingqi , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Yayun , Long Donghui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Graphene-based membranes have great potential to revolutionize nanofiltration technology, but achieving high solute rejections at high water flux remains extremely challenging. Herein, a family of ultrafine metal oxide/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites are synthesized through a heterogenous nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth process for dye nanofiltration. The synthesis is based on the utilization of oxygen functional groups on GO surface as preferential active sites for heterogeneous nucleation, leading to the formation of sub-3nm size, monodispersing as well as high-density loading of metal oxide nanoparticles. The anchored ultrafine nanoparticles could inhibit the wrinkling of the rGO nanosheet, forming highly stable colloidal solutions for solution-processing fabrication of nanofiltration membranes. By functioning as pillars, the nanoparticles remarkably increase both vertical interlayer spacing and lateral tortuous paths of the rGO membranes, offering an unprecedented water permeability of 225 L m− 2 h− 1 bar − 1 and a high selectivity up to 98% in the size-exclusion separation of methyl blue.
Spatial Patterns and Drivers of Soil Chemical Properties in a Typical Hickory Plantation
Authors: Sun Mengjiao , Hou Enqing , Wu Jiasen , Huang Jianqin , Huang Xingzhao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Soil nutrients play critical roles in regulating and improving the sustainable development of economic forests. Consequently, an elucidation of the spatial patterns and drivers of soil nutrients in these forests is fundamental to their management. For this study, we collected 314 composite soils at a 0-30 cm depth from a typical hickory plantation in Lin 'an, Zhejiang Province, China. We determined the concentrations of macronutrients (i.e., soil organic carbon, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) and micronutrients (i.e., iron, manganese, zinc, and copper.) of the soils. We employed random forest analysis to quantify the relative importance of soil-forming factors to predict the soil nutrient concentrations, which could then be extrapolated to the entire hickory region. Results: Random forest models explained 61%–88% of the variations in soil nutrient concentrations. The mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were the most important predictor of soil macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations. Moreover, parent material was another key predictor of soil available phosphorus and micronutrient concentrations. Mapping results demonstrated the importance of climate in controlling the spatial distribution of soil nutrient concentrations at finer scales, as well as the effect of parent material, topography, stand structure, and management measures of hickory plantations. Conclusions: Our study highlights the biotic factors, abiotic factors, and management factors control over soil macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations, which have significant implications for the sustainability of soil nutrients in forest plantations.
Decision-Making for Prenatal Genetic Screening: How will Pregnant Women Navigate a Growing Number of Aneuploidy and Carrier Screening Options?
Authors: Farrell Ruth , Pierce Madelyn , Collart Christina , Yao Meng , Coleridge Marissa , Chien Edward , Rose Susannah , Lintel Mary , Perni Uma , Edmonds Brownsyne Tucker 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Prenatal genetic screens, including carrier screening (CS) and aneuploidy screening (AS), comprise an important component of reproductive healthcare delivery. Clinical practice guidelines emphasize the importance of informed decision-making and patient’s preferences regarding the use of these screens. Yet, it is unclear how to achieve this ideal as prenatal genetic screening options rapidly become more complex and increasingly available to patients. With increased complexity and availability of reproductive testing options, decision-support strategies are critical to prepare patients to consider AS and/or CS.Methods: A self-administered survey evaluated knowledge and decision-making preferences for expanded carrier (CS) and aneuploidy (AS) prenatal screening. The survey was administered to participants before their first prenatal visit to assess baseline decision-making needs and preference at the initiation of prenatal care. Analysis was approached as a descriptive process. Results: Participants had similar familiarity with the concepts associated with AS compared to CS; mean knowledge scores for CS was 0.59 [possible range 0.00 to 1.00] and 0.55 for AS. Participants reported preferences to learn about a range of conditions, including those with severe or mild impact, childhood-onset, and adult-onset. Decision-making preference with respect to learning about the associated disease phenotypes for the contained on AS and CS panel shifted with the complexity of the panel, with a greater preference to learn about conditions post-test compared pre-test education as panels increased from 5-100 conditions. Conclusion: Patients’ baseline knowledge of prenatal genetic screens coupled with evolving decision-making preferences presents challenges for the delivery of prenatal genetic screens. This calls for the development and implementation of innovative approaches to support pregnant patients’ decision-making commensurate with advances in prenatal genomics.