bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Factors Are Stronger Predictors of Primate Species’ Distributions Than Basic Biological Traits
Authors: Williams Katherine A. , Slater Helen D. , Gillingham Phillipa , Korstjens Amanda H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the neutral, biological, and environmental processes driving species distributions is valuable in informing conservation efforts because it will help us predict how species will respond to changes in environmental conditions. Environmental processes affect species differently according to their biological traits, which determine how they interact with their environment. Therefore, functional, trait-based modeling approaches are considered important for predicting distributions and species responses to change but even for data-rich primate communities our understanding of the relationships between traits and environmental conditions is limited. Here we use a large-scale, high-resolution data set of African diurnal primate distributions, biological traits, and environmental conditions to investigate the role of biological traits and environmental trait filtering in primate distributions. We collected data from published sources for 354 sites and 14 genera with 57 species across sub-Saharan Africa. We then combined a three-table ordination method, RLQ, with the fourth-corner approach to test relationships between environmental variables and biological traits and used a mapping approach to visually assess patterning in primate genus and species’ distributions. We found no significant relationships between any groups of environmental variables and biological traits, despite a clear role of environmental filtering in driving genus and species’ distributions. The most important environmental driver of species distributions was temperature seasonality, followed by rainfall. We conclude that the relative flexibility of many primate genera means that not any one particular set of traits drives their species–environment associations, despite the clear role of such associations in their distribution patterns.
The impacts of contact force, power and application time on ablation effect indicated by serial measurements of impedance drop in both conventional and high-power short-duration ablation settings of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Shi Li-Bin , Wang Yu-Chuan , Chu Song-Yun , De Bortoli Alessandro , Schuster Peter , Solheim Eivind , Chen Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractsBackgroundThis study aimed to clarify the interrelationship and additive effects of contact force (CF), power and application time in both conventional and high-power short-duration (HPSD) settings.MethodsAmong 38 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent first-time pulmonary vein isolation, 787 ablation points were collected at the beginning of the procedure at separate sites. Energy was applied for 60 s under power outputs of 25, 30 or 35 W (conventional group), or 10 s when using 50 W (HPSD group). An impedance drop (ID) of 10 Ω was regarded as a marker of adequate lesion formation.ResultsID ≥ 10 Ω could not be achieved with CF < 5 g under any power setting. With CF ≥ 5 g, ID could be enhanced by increasing power output or prolonging ablation time. ID for 30 and 35 W was greater than for 25 W (p< 0.05). Ablation with 35 W resulted in greater ID than with 30 W only when CF of 10–20 g was applied for 20–40 s (p <0.05). Under the same power output, ID increased with CF level at different time points. The higher the CF, the shorter the time needed to reach ID of 10 Ω and maximal ID. ID correlated well with ablation index under each power, except for lower ID values at 25 W. ID with 50 W for 10 s was equivalent to that with 25 W for 40 s, but lower than that with 30 W for 40 s or 35 W for 30 s.ConclusionsCF of at least 5 g is required for adequate ablation effect. With CF ≥ 5g, CF, power output, and ablation time can compensate for each other. Time to reach maximal ablation effect can be shortened by increasing CF or power. The effect of HPSD ablation with 50 W for 10 s is equivalent to conventional ablation with 25 W for 40 s and 30–35 W for 20–30 s in terms of ID.
Molecular insight into optimizing the N- and P-doped fullerenes for urea removal in wearable artificial kidneys
Authors: Miri Jahromi Ahmad , Zandi Pegah , Khedri Mohammad , Ghasemy Ebrahim , Maleki Reza , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUrea is the result of the breakdown of proteins in the liver, the excess of which circulates in the blood and is adsorbed by the kidneys. However, in the case of kidney diseases, some products, specifically urea, cannot be removed from the blood by the kidneys and causes serious health problems. The end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are not able to purify their blood, which endangers their life. ESRD patients require dialysis, a costly and difficult method of urea removal from the blood. Wearable artificial kidneys (WAKs) are consequently designed to remove the waste from blood. Regarding the great amount of daily urea production in the body, WAKs should contain strong and selective urea adsorbents. Fullerenes—which possess fascinating chemical properties—have been considered herein to develop novel urea removal adsorbents. Molecular dynamics (MD) has enabled researchers to study the interaction of different materials and can pave the way toward facilitating the development of wearable devices. In this study, urea adsorption by N-doped fullerenes and P-doped fullerenes were assessed through MD simulations. The urea adsorption was simulated by five samples of fullerenes, with phosphorous and different nitrogen dopant contents. For comparing the urea adsorption capacity in the performed simulations, detailed characteristics—including the energy analysis, radius of gyration, radial distribution function (RDF), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSD), and H-bond analyses were investigated. It had been determined that the fullerene containing 8% nitrogen—with the highest reduction in the radius of gyration, the maximum RDF, a high adsorption energy, and a high number of hydrogen bonds—adsorbs urea more efficiently.
Bounds on efficient outcomes for large-scale cardinality-constrained Markowitz problems
Authors: Miroforidis Janusz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen solving large-scale cardinality-constrained Markowitz mean–variance portfolio investment problems, exact solvers may be unable to derive some efficient portfolios, even within a reasonable time limit. In such cases, information on the distance from the best feasible solution, found before the optimization process has stopped, to the true efficient solution is unavailable. In this article, I demonstrate how to provide such information to the decision maker. I aim to use the concept of lower bounds and upper bounds on objective function values of an efficient portfolio, developed in my earlier works. I illustrate the proposed approach on a large-scale data set based upon real data. I address cases where a top-class commercial mixed-integer quadratic programming solver fails to provide efficient portfolios attempted to be derived by Chebyshev scalarization of the bi-objective optimization problem within a given time limit. In this case, I propose to transform purely technical information provided by the solver into information which can be used in navigation over the efficient frontier of the cardinality-constrained Markowitz mean–variance portfolio investment problem.
Neighborhood Relationships of Widely Distributed and Irregularly Shaped Particles in Partially Dewatered Filter Cakes
Authors: Löwer Erik , Pfaff Florian , Leißner Thomas , Peuker Urs A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA more thorough understanding of the properties of bulk material structures in solid–liquid separation processes is essential to understand better and optimize industrially established processes, such as cake filtration, whose process outcome is mainly dependent on the properties of the bulk material structure. Here, changes of bulk properties like porosity and permeability can originate from local variations in particle size, especially for non-spherical particles. In this study, we mix self-similar fractions of crushed, irregularly shaped Al2O3 particles (20 to 90 µm and 55 to 300 µm) to bimodal distributions. These mixtures vary in volume fraction of fines (0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 100 vol.%). The self-similarity of both systems serves the improved parameter correlation in the case of multimodal distributed particle systems. We use nondestructive 3D X-ray microscopy to capture the filter cake microstructure directly after mechanical dewatering, whereby we give particular attention to packing structure and particle–particle relationships (porosity, coordination number, particle size and corresponding hydraulic isolated liquid areas). Our results reveal widely varying distributions of local porosity and particle contact points. An average coordination number (here 5.84 to 6.04) is no longer a sufficient measure to describe the significant bulk porosity variation (in our case, 40 and 49%). Therefore, the explanation of the correlation is provided on a discrete particle level. While individual particles < 90 µm had only two or three contacts, others > 100 µm took up to 25. Due to this higher local coordination number, the liquid load of corresponding particles (liquid volume/particle volume) after mechanical dewatering increases from 0.48 to 1.47.
Confocal microscopy 3D imaging of diesel particulate matter
Authors: Miyashita Lisa , Foley Gary , Gill Ian , Gillmore Gavin , Grigg Jonathan , Wertheim David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo date, diesel particulate matter (DPM) has been described as aggregates of spherule particles with a smooth appearing surface. We have used a new colour confocal microscope imaging method to study the 3D shape of diesel particulate matter (DPM); we observed that the particles can have sharp jagged appearing edges and consistent with these findings, 2D light microscopy demonstrated that DPM adheres to human lung epithelial cells. Importantly, the slide preparation and confocal microscopy method applied avoids possible alteration to the particles’ surfaces and enables colour 3D visualisation of the particles. From twenty-one PM10 particles, the mean (standard deviation) major axis length was 5.6 (2.25) μm with corresponding values for the minor axis length of 3.8 (1.25) μm. These new findings may help explain why air pollution particulate matter (PM) has the ability to infiltrate human airway cells, potentially leading to respiratory tract, cardiovascular and neurological disease.
First application of an Integrated Biological Response index to assess the ecotoxicological status of honeybees from rural and urban areas
Authors: Caliani Ilaria , Campani Tommaso , Conti Barbara , Cosci Francesca , Bedini Stefano , D’Agostino Antonella , Giovanetti Laura , Di Noi Agata , Casini Silvia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of environmental contaminants on honeybees is essential to minimize their impacts on these important pollinating insects. The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological status of honeybees in environments undergoing different anthropic pressure: a wood (reference site), an orchard, an agricultural area, and an urban site, using a multi-biomarker approach. To synthetically represent the ecotoxicological status of the honeybees, the responses of the single biomarkers were integrated by the Integrated Biological Response (IBRv2) index. Overall, the strongest alteration of the ecotoxicological status (IBRv2 = 7.52) was detected in the bees from the orchard due to the alteration of metabolic and genotoxicity biomarkers indicating the presence of pesticides, metals, and lipophilic compounds. Honeybees from the cultivated area (IBRv2 = 7.18) revealed an alteration especially in neurotoxicity, metabolic, and genotoxicity biomarkers probably related to the presence of pesticides, especially fungicides. Finally, in the urban area (IBRv2 = 6.60), the biomarker results (GST, lysozyme, and hemocytes) indicated immunosuppression in the honeybees and the effects of the presence of lipophilic compounds and metals in the environment.
Who Cares for Agile Work? In/Visibilized Work Practices and Their Emancipatory Potential
Authors: Coban Alev , Wenten Klara-Aylin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe future of work has become a pressing matter of concern: Researchers, business consultancies, and industrial companies are intensively studying how new work models could be best implemented to increase workplace flexibility and creativity. In particular, the agile model has become one of the “must-have” elements for re-organizing work practices, especially for technology development work. However, the implementation of agile work often comes together with strong presumptions: it is regarded as an inevitable tool that can be universally integrated into different workplaces while having the same outcome of flexibility, transparency, and flattened hierarchies everywhere. This paper challenges such essentializing assumptions by turning agile work into a “matter of care.” We argue that care work occurs in contexts other than feminized reproductive work, namely, technology development. Drawing on concepts from feminist Science and Technology Studies and ethnographic research at agile technology development workplaces in Germany and Kenya, we examine what work it takes to actually keep up with the imperative of agile work. The analysis brings the often invisibilized care practices of human and nonhuman actors to the fore that are necessary to enact and stabilize the agile promises of flexibilization, co-working, and rapid prototyping. Revealing the caring sociotechnical relationships that are vital for working agile, we discuss the emergence of power asymmetries characterized by hierarchies of skills that are differently acknowledged in the daily work of technology development. The paper ends by speculating on the emancipatory potential of a care perspective, by which we seek to inspire careful Emancipatory Technology Studies.
Technopolitics from Below: A Framework for the Analysis of Digital Politics of Production
Authors: Schaupp Simon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article develops a multi-level framework for the analysis of a bottom-up politics of technology at the workplace. It draws on a multi-case study on algorithmic management of manual labor in manufacturing and delivery platforms in Germany. In researching how workers influenced the use of algorithmic management systems, the concept of technopolitics is developed to refer to three different arenas of negotiation: (1) the arena of regulation, where institutional framings of technologies in production are negotiated, typically between state actors, employers’ associations, and unions. (2) The arena of implementation, where strategies of technology deployment are negotiated—in the German production model typically between management and works council. (3) The arena of appropriation, in which different organizational technocultures offer contesting schemes for the actual use of technology at work. Whereas most recent research on digitalization of work conceptualizes workers as mere objects of digitalization processes, this paper focuses on worker agency as a “technopolitics from below.” It thus demonstrates how workers influence the concrete outcome of digitalization projects.
Feeling positive towards time: How time attitude profiles are related to mental health in adolescents
Authors: Tejada‐Gallardo Claudia , Blasco‐Belled Ana , Alsinet Carles 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionTime attitudes refer to the way individuals feel about their past, present, and future and have been associated with adolescent‐specific developmental, social, and emotional changes. The dual‐factor model of mental health proposes that optimal functioning entails high levels of emotional, social, and psychological well‐being, as well as low levels of psychopathology. Since previous research has suggested that time attitudes can assist in understanding the development of adolescents, the primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between time attitudes and mental health according to the dual‐factor model. Methods: A total of 317 Spanish high school students aged between 14 and 16 years (45.1% females) participated in the study. Time attitudes were assessed with the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory‐Time Attitudes Scale, and profiles were identified through person‐centered analysis. Data were also gathered on well‐being and psychological distress measures, which were analyzed as distal outcomes. Results: Four time attitude profiles were identified – negatives, positives, past negatives, and present/future negatives. Adolescents belonging to the positive profile reported higher scores on well‐being and lower scores on psychological distress. The psychological well‐being and depression constructs had higher (positive and negative, respectively) scores across all profiles. These results suggested an association between time attitude profiles and mental health according to the dual‐factor model. Conclusions: We suggest that positive psychology interventions may nudge adolescents towards a more positive appraisal of the past, present, and future and promote their mental health and positive development. Further practical implications are discussed.
What is DOM XSS and why should you care?
Authors: Hickling Josh 
Published: April 2021

For more than 10 years, cross-site scripting (XSS) has been included in OWASP's ‘Top 10 Web Application Security Risks’. 1 Although the issue is very well documented, it is sometimes overlooked by application owners. As a result, penetration testers frequently encounter this vulnerability, which takes several forms. For more than 10 years, cross-site scripting (XSS) has been included in OWASP's top web application security risks. Yet it's an issue that is often overlooked. The problem has also evolved and many people still do not understand the risks surrounding Document Object Model (DOM) or client-side XSS. Through understanding the vector itself, threat surfaces of applications will become ever-more restricted and safer for the end user. A thorough understanding of DOM-based XSS will help balance the scales of application security and usability, says Josh Hickling of Pentest People.
Governance: the key driver for data-driven innovation
Authors: Gillan Ana 
Published: April 2021

Data management might not be the obvious poster child for business in 2020, but it's been critically important during the scramble to pivot and adapt in response to the pandemic. Overnight, organisations have had to deal with a massive influx of data, as digital engagement replaced in-person interaction. Data management has become critically important during the scramble to pivot and adapt in response to the pandemic. The enterprises that ‘win’ when it comes to data governance are those that take it in their stride and embed it in all that they do from the start. Ana Gillan of Cloudera explains the benefits that governance brings to businesses, such as making data consistent, of a higher quality and more accurate while supporting employees to focus on what really matters – innovation.
Prioritising risk for better efficiency and collaboration
Authors: Goettl Chris 
Published: April 2021

While 2020 was a year like no other, it seems that remote working and the associated IT challenges are set to continue well into 2021. According to the PwC UK Threat Intelligence Unit, cyber security incidents increased massively across virtually all sectors in the wake of Covid-19, with retail, manufacturing and financial services being the hardest hit. 1 Cyber security incidents increased massively across virtually all sectors in the wake of Covid-19, with retail, manufacturing and financial services being the hardest hit. Organisations need to create a risk-based prioritisation approach, which involves striking a balance between strategic technologies and the collaboration of IT and security teams in order to adapt to the increased risk of attack. The pandemic has increased the appetite of threat actors looking to easily exploit vulnerable organisations, but there is still time to remediate the danger, says Chris Goettl of Ivanti.
What Sort of Imagining Might Remembering Be?
Authors: LANGLAND-HASSAN PETER 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis essay unites current philosophical thinking on imagination with a burgeoning debate in the philosophy of memory over whether episodic remembering is simply a kind of imagining. So far, this debate has been hampered by a lack of clarity in the notion of imagining at issue. Several options are considered and constructive imagining is identified as the relevant kind. Next, a functionalist account of episodic remembering is defended as a means to establishing two key points: first, one need not defend a factive (or causalist) view of remembering in order to hold that causal connections to past experiences are essential to how rememberings are typed; and, second, current theories that equate remembering with imagining are in fact consistent with a functionalist theory that includes causal connections in its account of what it is to remember. This suggests that remembering is not a kind of imagining and clarifies what it would take to establish the contrary.
Not by Imaginings Alone: On How Imaginary Worlds Are Established
Authors: CHASID ALON 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relation between belief-like imaginings and the establishment of imaginary worlds (often calledfictional worlds). After outlining the various assumptions my argument is premised on, I argue that belief-like imaginings, in themselves, do not render their content true in the imaginary world to which they pertain. I show that this claim applies not only to imaginative projects in which we are instructed or intend to imagine certain propositions, but also to spontaneous imaginative projects. After arguing that, like guided imaginative projects, spontaneous projects involve specific imaginary truths, I conclude that imaginative projects, whether spontaneous or deliberate, comprise not only imaginings, but also mental acts of determining such truths.