bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of unidirectional forward scattering and suppression of backward scattering in hollow silicon nanoblocks
Authors: Sun Yudan , Mu Haiwei , Liu Chao , Qiao Jiale , Sun Tao , Chu Paul K. 
Published: September 2021

Manipulating the light scattering direction and enhancing directivity are important research areas in integrated nanophotonic devices. Herein, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, nanoantenna composed of hollow silicon nanoblocks is designed to allow directional emission manipulation. In this device, forward scattering is enhanced and backward scattering is restrained substantially in the visible region. Owing to electric dipole resonance and magnetic dipole resonance in this nanoantenna, Kerker’s type conditions are satisfied, and the directionality of forward scattering

G

F
B

reaches 44.6 dB, indicating good characteristics in manipulating the light scattering direction.
Epidemiology of clinically relevant Entamoeba spp. (E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii/bangladeshi): A cross sectional study from North India
Authors: Singh Aradhana , Banerjee Tuhina , Khan Uzma , Shukla Sunit Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background
Entamoeba infections have major impact on millions of the people worldwide. Entamoeba histolytica has long been accepted as the only pathogenic species. However, recent reports of other Entamoeba spp. in symptomatic cases have raised questions on their pathogenicity.

Methodology/Principal findings
Total 474 stool samples and 125 liver aspirates from patients with intestinal and extra intestinal manifestations and from community were included. Sewage samples from the hospital and the city were also included. Microscopic examination and molecular detection were performed to detect presence of E. histolytica/ dispar/ moshkovskii/ bangladeshi. The associated demographic and socioeconomic factors were statistically analyzed with the presence of Entamoeba. Microscopy detected Entamoeba spp. in 5.4% stool and 6.4% liver aspirate samples. Through nested multiplex PCR, prevalence of Entamoeba spp. in intestinal and extra-intestinal cases was 6.6% (20/301) and 86.4% (108/125) respectively and in asymptomatic population was 10.5% (13/123). Sewage samples did not show presence of any Entamoeba spp. Uneducated subjects, low economic conditions, untreated drinking water, consumption of raw vegetables and habit of not washing hands before meals were significantly associated with presence of Entamoeba spp.

Conclusions
E. histolytica still remains the only Entamoeba spp. in invasive extra intestinal infections. E. dispar was detected in both asymptomatic and symptomatic intestinal infections. Routine identification of Entamoeba spp. should incorporate PCR based detection methods.
Survival analysis in lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Alomaish Hassan , Ung Yee , Wang Stella , Tyrrell Pascal N. , Zahra Saly Abo , Oikonomou Anastasia 
Published: September 2021

Objective
Lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are prone for higher morbidity and mortality and their treatment is challenging. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the survival of lung cancer patients is affected by the presence of ILD documented on CT.

Materials and methods
146 patients with ILD at initial chest CT were retrospectively included in the study. 146 lung cancer controls without ILD were selected. Chest CTs were evaluated for the presence of pulmonary fibrosis which was classified in 4 categories. Presence and type of emphysema, extent of ILD and emphysema, location and histologic type of cancer, clinical staging and treatment were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models were used to assess survival probability and hazard of death of different groups. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
5-year survival for the study group was 41% versus 48% for the control group (log-rank test p = 0.0092). No significant difference in survival rate was found between the four different categories of ILD (log-rank test, p = 0.195) and the different histologic types (log-rank test, p = 0.4005). A cox proportional hazard model was used including presence of ILD, clinical stage and age. The hazard of death among patients with ILD was 1.522 times that among patients without ILD (95%CI, p = 0.029).

Conclusion
Patients with lung cancer and CT evidence of ILD have a significantly shorter survival compared to patients with lung cancer only. Documenting the type and grading the severity of ILD in lung cancer patients will significantly contribute to their challenging management.
Healthy volunteers in US phase I clinical trials: Sociodemographic characteristics and participation over time
Authors: Kalbaugh Corey A. , Kalbaugh Julianne M. , McManus Lisa , Fisher Jill A. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Increasing the diversity of research participants is an important focus of clinical trials. However, little is known regarding who enrolls as healthy volunteers in Phase I clinical trials, which test the safety and tolerability of investigational new drugs. Despite the risk, healthy volunteers can derive no medical benefit from their participation, and they are financially compensated for enrolling.

Objective
This study’s purpose is to describe sociodemographic characteristics and clinical trial participation histories of healthy people who enroll in US Phase I trials.

Methods
The HealthyVOICES Project (HVP) is a longitudinal study of healthy individuals who have enrolled in Phase I trials. We describe self-reported sociodemographic information and Phase I trial history from HVP recruitment (May-December 2013) through the project’s end three years later (December 2016). Trial experiences are presented as medians and quartiles.

Results
The HVP included 178 participants. Nearly three-fourths of participants were male, and two-thirds were classified as racial and ethnic minorities. We found that some groups of participants were more likely to have completed a greater number of clinical trials over a longer timeframe than others. Those groups included participants who were male, Black, Hispanic, 30-39-years-old, unemployed, had received vocational training in a trade, or had annual household incomes of less than $25,000. Additionally, the greater the number of clinical trials participants had completed, the more likely they were to continue screening for new trials over the course of three years. Participants who pursued clinical trials as a full-time job participated in the greatest number of trials and were the most likely to continuing screening over time.

Implications
Participation as a healthy volunteer in US Phase I trials is driven by social inequalities. Disadvantaged groups tend to participate in a greater number of clinical trials and participate longer than more privileged groups.
Can we trust the standardized mortality ratio? A formal analysis and evaluation based on axiomatic requirements
Authors: Roessler Martin , Schmitt Jochen , Schoffer Olaf 
Published: September 2021

Background
The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is often used to assess and compare hospital performance. While it has been recognized that hospitals may differ in their SMRs due to differences in patient composition, there is a lack of rigorous analysis of this and other—largely unrecognized—properties of the SMR.

Methods
This paper proposes five axiomatic requirements for adequate standardized mortality measures: strict monotonicity (monotone relation to actual mortality rates), case-mix insensitivity (independence of patient composition), scale insensitivity (independence of hospital size), equivalence principle (equal rating of hospitals with equal actual mortality rates in all patient groups), and dominance principle (better rating of unambiguously better performing hospitals). Given these axiomatic requirements, effects of variations in patient composition, hospital size, and actual and expected mortality rates on the SMR were examined using basic algebra and calculus. In this regard, we distinguished between standardization using expected mortality rates derived from a different dataset (external standardization) and standardization based on a dataset including the considered hospitals (internal standardization). The results were illustrated by hypothetical examples.

Results
Under external standardization, the SMR fulfills the axiomatic requirements of strict monotonicity and scale insensitivity but violates the requirement of case-mix insensitivity, the equivalence principle, and the dominance principle. All axiomatic requirements not fulfilled under external standardization are also not fulfilled under internal standardization. In addition, the SMR under internal standardization is scale sensitive and violates the axiomatic requirement of strict monotonicity.

Conclusions
The SMR fulfills only two (none) out of the five proposed axiomatic requirements under external (internal) standardization. Generally, the SMRs of hospitals are differently affected by variations in case mix and actual and expected mortality rates unless the hospitals are identical in these characteristics. These properties hamper valid assessment and comparison of hospital performance based on the SMR.
Automated greenhouse, instrumentation and fuzzy logic
Authors: Vaca Vargas Sergio Alejandro 
Published: September 2021

Crops are vulnerable to climatic conditions; therefore, their quality may vary according to environmental behavior. Under optimal conditions the crop can have a good productive development and an increase in the yield per unit area, reducing the risks caused by climatic changes, pests and diseases. With the electronic application in greenhouses it is possible to make efficient use of the resources since these can be controlled according to each stage of the development of the crop. Being in an isolated environment, in other words, independent of the external environment, it is possible to carry out production at any time of the year, thanks to the microclimates. The following paper shows the development of an automated greenhouse using electronic instrumentation to control its irrigation, lighting, humidification and ventilation systems using fuzzy logic.
Experimental Determination of Heat Transfer using a Polymer Solution Shower during Induction Hardening*
Authors: Kadanik M. , Burgschat L. , Reich M. , Petersen S. , Keßler O. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Heat treatment simulation of inductive surface hardening of large bearing rings is a challenging multi-physical task. Besides the determination of material and process parameters of induction heating, the quenching process must be modelled to obtain realistic results concerning surface hardening depth as well as information about residual stresses and distortions of the bearing rings. A common method to model quenching processes is to determine heat transfer coefficients for the specific process depending on component surface temperature. This method was used to characterize the shower cooling process using an aqueous polymer solution of a modified polyalkylene glycol (PAG) type. A specifically designed test set-up allowed to determine the heat transfer coefficients for different distances between shower and hot specimen as well as for different impingement angles of the fluid relative to gravitation. Additionally, the calculated heat transfer coefficients were checked and corrected by FEM simulations.
Optimized Nitriding for Subsequent Induction Heat Treatment
Authors: Hoja S. , Nadolski D. , Steinbacher M. , Fechte-Heinen R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nitriding is used to achieve a high hardness in the surface layer through the precipitation of nitrides. However, to realize high nitriding hardness depths, treatment times of many hours are necessary, which usually also result in a decrease in strength within the nitrided layer and base material. With induction heat treatment, on the other hand, high hardness depths can be achieved in a very short time. However, the maximum hardness increase is limited by the alloy content of the material. By combining nitriding and induction hardening, high hardness depths can be achieved in short treatment times as an alternative to deep nitriding. In addition to a significant saving in process energy surface layer properties that cannot be achieved with the individual processes are expected. In order to fully exploit the potential of the combination treatment, at first suitable conditions must be set during nitriding for the subsequent induction hardening. In the present work, nitriding layers with low-porosity compound layers as well as only diffusion layers were produced and analyzed on typical nitriding and tempering steels for this purpose.
Insight on micro bubbling mechanism in a 2D fluidized bed with Group D particles
Authors: Tian Fengguo , Liu Shulei , Zhao Zifeng , Lei Ming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
By CFD-DEM simulations, the present work is aimed to investigate the transient gas-solid bubbling mechanisms along a whole bubble lifecycle in a 2D fluidized bed from a micro perspective. Systemic comparisons with CCD measurements confirm the validity of current simulations. Afterward, the manner of particle motion and its driving mechanisms at various stages are investigated. In order to do that, external forces are analyzed at an individual particle level, including the drag, pressure gradient force, and their resultant acceleration together with gravity. Many interesting findings have been achieved. For example, a switch in directions of drag and pressure gradient forces at the root of an initial bubble enables its detachment. And, regarding their contributions to the burst of a bubble, the drag force is several times of the pressure gradient forces. Present efforts help to offer a novel view of particle dynamics during the bubbling fluidization.
Brand names as multimodal constructions
Authors: Dübbert Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBrand names are a common part of the everyday consumer environment, and can be found on countless visual surfaces such as food packaging. A key characteristic of brand names is their fixed design. Many brand names owe their linguistic form to units that originally did not constitute proper names. They developed into brand names through complex sub-processes of what is commonly referred to as onymisation. These processes include semantic, morphological and phonological/graphemic changes. The aim of this paper is to explore how the specific typographic design of a brand name can be an additional indicator in its process of onymisation. After clarifying the concepts of onymisation and typographic design, an extended multimodal construction model is presented. The basis of the paper is an analysis of a corpus of image data comprising more than 600 photographs of food packaging. In order to get a first impression of how the multimodal constructions of brand names could look, an omission test following a suggestion by Ziem, Alexander. 2017. Do we really need a multimodal construction grammar?Linguistics Vanguard3(s1). 1–9 is applied to the data.
Proposal for THz lasing from a topological quantum dot
Authors: Rider Marie S. , Giannini Vincenzo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Topological quantum dots (TQDs) are 3D topological insulator (TI) nanoparticles, displaying symmetry-protected surface states with discretized energies. We present a theoretical proposal to harness these energy levels in a closed lasing scheme operating in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. In this scheme, a single TQD lases from its topological surface states in the THz regime when pumped with low intensity, incoherent THz frequency light. The time scales associated with the system are unusually slow, and we find that lasing occurs with a very low threshold. THz lasers are often bulky or require intricately engineered nanostructures. Topological quantum dots present a new, compact and simple platform for THz lasing. The lasing threshold is so low, we predict that the room-temperature blackbody radiation can substantially contribute to population inversion, providing a route to room-temperature THz lasing pumped via blackbody radiation.
The crystal structure of (1R
*,2S
*)-1,2-bis(2-fluorophenyl)-3,8-dimethoxyacenaphthene-1,2-diol, C26H20F2O4
Authors: Iitsuka Hiroaki , Li Kun , Kobayashi Miyuki , Iida Kikuko , Noguchi Keiichi , Yonezawa Noriyuki , Okamoto Akiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C26H20F2O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.3707(2) Å, b = 12.0232(2) Å, c = 15.7744(3) Å, β = 90.907(1)°, V = 1966.65(6) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0371, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1013, T = 193.15 K.
Crystal structure of dichlorido-bis(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)bis(4-methylphenyl-κC
1)tin(IV), C18H26Cl2O2S2Sn
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C18H26Cl2O2S2Sn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.3295(1) Å, b = 10.5647(1) Å, c = 12.0078(1) Å, β = 96.612(1)°, V = 1049.642(18) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0174, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0455, T = 100 K.
Herausforderungen in der Langzeitpflege
Authors: Hasseler Martina 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Langzeitpflege ist vor diverse Herausforderungen gestellt: Zunahmen der Bedarfe und gleichzeitig können die Leistungen der Pflegeversicherung diese nicht decken. Sie intendiert nicht eine bedarfsangemessene pflegerische Versorgung, sondern ist von Leistungen pflegender Angehöriger abhängig und mit hohen physischen und psychischen Belastungen verbunden. Der Pflegepersonalmangel, der in den nächsten Jahren zunehmen wird, bleibt ein weiteres noch nicht bearbeitetes Thema für die Zukunft. Neue Technologien werden als eine Möglichkeit betrachtet, die Bedarfe zu decken. Gleichwohl müssen diese sinnhaft in Pflegearrangements integriert werden.
Versorgungsbedarfe, Ressourcen und Potenziale älterer Menschen im Quartier in Bremen
Authors: Görres Stefan , Meinecke Paulina , Holsten Patrizia , Chen Wenjuan , Dannat Kathrin Kezia , Heera Navjoot , Hudai Aqi , König Katharina , Möller Ricarda 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungFür Kommunen ist die Vorbereitung auf den demographischen Wandel von hoher Bedeutung. Quartieren und dem Quartiersmanagement kommen dabei eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen einer Onlinebefragung wurden 13 Quartiersmanager*innen in Bremen zu ihren Kenntnissen, Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen von Versorgungsbedarfen, Ressourcen und Potenzialen älterer Menschen im Quartier befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Pilotstudie können zur Verbesserung der Quartiersarbeit mit und für ältere Menschen beitragen.
Konturen einer Berufsfelddidaktik Gesundheit und Pflege
Authors: Walter Anja 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das Berufsfeld Gesundheit und Pflege unterliegt einer hohen Veränderungsdynamik. Entsprechend muss die Berufsfelddidaktik, die sich mit dem Lehren und Lernen im Berufsfeld befasst, komplexe disziplinäre Bezüge aufnehmen. Zugleich ist sie der Bildungs- und der Berufspraxis verpflichtet. Zukünftig muss sie weiter ausgearbeitet werden, um die Berufsangehörigen noch stärker zu Mitgestaltenden einer würdevollen gesundheitlichen Versorgung werden zu lassen.
Interprofessionalität lehren, lernen und leben
Authors: Stöcker Gertrud 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Kommunikative Kompetenzen und interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in den Gesundheitsberufen sind getragen von einer wertschätzenden Haltung der eigenen Profession und gegenüber anderen Professionen. Sie werden grundgelegt in Ausbildung und Studium, vertieft in spezifischen Weiterbildungen und weiterentwickelt in einer interdisziplinären beruflichen Praxis.
A novel KCNT1 mutation in a Chinese family with severe autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Xie Na , Qin Weiwei , Deng Jianzhong , Qi Jinxing , Niu Dewang , Lu Guifeng , Wang Qun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We describe a Chinese family with severe autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) and psychiatric problems in whom whole-exome family trio sequencing identified a heterozygous mutation in the potassium channel subfamily T, member 1 (KCNT1), a sodium-gated potassium channel gene, which was a novel missense mutation c.2153A>T (p. Asp718Val). The typical characteristics of the three patients in the family were refractory epilepsy, acquired cognitive impairment, and psychiatric problems, which include hallucinations and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The age at onset was found to be earlier in son and daughter of the proband than that of the proband, as proven by the proband’s history of an epileptic seizure at the age of 16 years and her son’s and daughter’s history of seizures at the age of 8 years. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were negative for any abnormalities. Because of psychiatric symptoms, these three patients were administered risperidone at different times during their illness. The protestor’s son had tried fenofibrate treatment, but clinical remission was unclear. In summary, our findings broadened the mutation database in relation to KCNT1 and implicated the sodium-gated potassium channel complex in ADNFLE, more broadly, in the pathogenesis of focal epilepsies.
A convenient synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted quinolino[8,7-h]quinolines and quinolino[7,8-h]quinolines
Authors: Seitz Bianca , Maas Gerhard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted quinolino[8,7-h]quinolines and quinolino[7,8-h]quinolines have been prepared from 3-substituted 1-CF3-prop-2-yne 1-iminium triflate salts and 1,5- and 1,8-diaminonaphthalene, respectively, by a twofold pyridoannelation sequence. These transformations do not require any additional reagent and can be performed at remarkable mild thermal conditions.
The role of selenium and vitamin E in a Transylvanian enzootic equine recurrent rhabdomyolysis syndrome
Authors: Kósa Csaba Attila , Nagy Krisztina , Szenci Ottó , Baska-Vincze Boglárka , Andrásofszky Emese , Szép Róbert , Keresztesi Ágnes , Mircean Mircea , Taulescu Marian , Kutasi Orsolya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A severe form of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs enzootically in a well-defined region of Transylvania, Harghita county. At the highest lying two settlements (more than 800 m above sea level), the prevalence of equine rhabdomyolysis is between 17 and 23%, while in the neighbouring villages in the valley it is less than 2%. The objective of our study was to clarify the role of selenium and vitamin E in the high prevalence of rhabdomyolysis in that region. Soil and hay samples were collected from each area to evaluate mineral content. Ten horses from the non-affected and 20 horses from the affected area were tested for serum selenium, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), muscle enzymes, lactate and electrolytes. Hay samples collected from the affected area had lower selenium content. Horses in the affected regions had significantly lower serum selenium (P = 0.006) and GSH-Px levels than animals living in the non-affected regions. A good correlation between erythrocyte GSH-Px and serum selenium concentration could be demonstrated (r = 0.777, P < 0.001). Serum vitamin E levels were low independently of the origin of the horse. Based on our results, selenium deficiency possibly has a role in the Transylvanian enzootic equine recurrent rhabdomyolysis syndrome.