bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible and High‐Performance MXene/MnO2 Film Electrodes Fabricated by Inkjet Printing: Toward a New Generation Supercapacitive Application
Authors: Wen Dong , Ying Guobing , Liu Lu , Sun Cheng , Li Yuexia , Zhao Yinlong , Ji Ziying , Wu Yiran , Zhang Jianxin , Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the deepening of the commercialization of flexible electronic products, it is urgently needed to develop a handleable solution for the applications of printing high‐performance and wearable energy storage devices. Herein, flexible, low‐cost, and high‐performance MXene/manganese dioxide (MnO2) composite film electrodes are reported to meet this urgent expectation. The MXene‐based composite film electrodes with different MnO2 content are prepared by inkjet printing using MXene/MnO2 ink. Characterization and test results show that there is a synergistic effect between MXene and MnO2, which can effectively achieve faster electron transfer and shorter diffusion path, thus improving the overall electrochemical performance of the composite. The inkjet‐printed MXene/10 wt% MnO2 composite film electrode, with an excellent conductivity of 3400 S m−1, exhibits an ultrahigh volumetric capacitance of 312 F cm−3 and retains 130.8% of the initial capacitance after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. Moreover, the fabricated flexible symmetrical supercapacitor shows a superior areal energy density of 0.51 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 12.5 μW cm−2. Taken together, inkjet printing technology provides a low‐cost, large‐area manufacturing route for different MXene‐based composites, which are expected to promote the development of novel energy storage technologies that exploit the attractions of MXene.
Stretchable Transparent Supercapacitors for Wearable and Implantable Medical Devices
Authors: Su Yi , Li Ning , Wang Lang , Lin Rui , Zheng Yuqiao , Rong Guoguang , Sawan Mohamad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent advances in wearable bioelectronics have driven various healthcare applications, such as the monitoring, sensing, and treating of various diseases. However, unsustainable batteries and toxic power solutions hinder their use at the skin interface or in vivo. As a promising power solution, supercapacitors have attracted the attention of researchers. However, there are still several drawbacks, such as the transparency, stretchability, biocompatibility, and flexibility of these materials, when these energy reservoirs are used as power supplies for skin‐interfaced electronics. In this work, a novel microfabrication approach for fabricating supercapacitors using anodic aluminum oxide templates is presented. In this work, a large capacitance value of 15.02 mF cm−2, as well as good transparency, stretchability, and biocompatibility are obtained. Thus, it is verified that the proposed supercapacitors are suitable as skin‐interfaced power solutions.
Bioinspired Construction of Artificial Cardiac Muscles Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Liao Wei , Sun Jiahao , Nandi Rajib , Yang Zhongqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman muscles, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles, are able to perform diverse deformations and execute complex biofunctions stimulated by nerve signals. Similarly, liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), which can respond to external stimuli with large and reversible deformations, demonstrates superior advantages to mimic nature muscles to fabricate artificial muscles. Till now, LCE has been utilized to simulate deformations and related functions of skeletal and smooth muscles. However, limited by the existing fabrication strategy, employing LCE to mimic the motion of cardiac muscles and further realizing the structure‐determined pumping functions, is still an open challenge. Learning from the specific spatial arrangements and synergistic actuation of cardiac muscle fibers within human heart, a simple and general strategy to construct artificial cardiac muscles with LCE fibers is proposed. In this work, LCE fibers with similar modulus and actuation behavior to muscle fibers are fabricated and spatially arranged in biological architectures as cardiac muscle fibers. As a result, artificial cardiac muscles are constructed and are able to perform simultaneous contraction and torsion motions, realizing heart‐pumping functions. This general strategy should be also applicable for other smart materials to conduct challenging tasks.
Renewable Water Harvesting by Amyloid Aerogels and Sun
Authors: Peydayesh Mohammad , Greber Tiara , Haechler Iwan , Armanious Antonius , Jia Xiangze , Usuelli Mattia , Bagnani Massimo , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar distillation is an appealing and facile technology for seawater desalination and water purification, but constructing stable, environmentally‐friendly, and cost‐effective solar evaporators often remain unfeasible. Here, amyloid hybrid aerogels are introduced for universal and renewable freshwater production by relying on the combination of sustainable materials and solar energy, thus making the process highly ecological and virtually costless. Amyloid fibrils obtained from whey, a byproduct of the dairy industry, are used as the main scaffold for the aerogels, whose solar energy harvesting properties of the top surface are enhanced by bioinspired dark polymers, such as polydopamine. Due to the fast water transport throughout the porous aerogels, the high‐yielding photothermal conversion ability of the top surface, and efficient heat insulation at the bottom, the hybrid amyloid fibrils aerogel exhibits a water evaporation rate of 1.61 kg·m−2 h−1 with a solar‐thermal conversion efficiency as high as 91.3% under 1 sun illumination. The process allows desalinating various seawater sources with different salinities to levels below the drinking water threshold recommended by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the same hybrid amyloid evaporator is highly efficient in removing heavy metals, organic pollutants, bacteria, and viruses from water, introducing a general, sustainable and energy‐efficient solution for desalination and water purification.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Delivery of Micheliolide Analogs to Eliminate Leukemic Stem Cells in the Bone Marrow
Authors: Ackun‐Farmmer Marian A. , Alwaseem Hanan , Counts Michele , Bortz Andrew , Giovani Simone , Frisch Benjamin J. , Fasan Rudi , Benoit Danielle S. W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicheliolide (MCL) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone that selectively targets leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which persist after conventional chemotherapy for myeloid leukemias, leading to disease relapse. To overcome modest MCL cytotoxicity, analogs with ≈two–threefold greater cytotoxicity against LSCs are synthesized via late‐stage chemoenzymatic C─H functionalization. To enhance bone marrow delivery, MCL analogs are entrapped within bone‐targeted polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Robust drug loading capacities of up to 20% (mg drug mg−1 NP) are obtained, with release dominated by analog hydrophobicity. NPs loaded with a hydrolytically stable analog are tested in a leukemic mouse model. Median survival improved by 13% and bone marrow LSCs are decreased 34‐fold following NPMCL treatments versus controls. Additionally, selective leukemic cell and LSC cytotoxicity of the treatment versus normal hematopoietic cells is observed. Overall, these studies demonstrate that MCL‐based antileukemic agents combined with bone‐targeted NPs offer a promising strategy for eradicating LSCs.
An Embedding 2D/3D Heterostructure Enables High‐Performance FA‐Alloyed Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 20%
Authors: Wang Zhen , Lu Yuanlin , Xu Zhenhua , Hu Jinlong , Chen Yijun , Zhang Cuiling , Wang Yousheng , Guo Fei , Mai Yaohua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) have attracted increasing attention because of their enormous potential for use in consumer electronic devices. The key to achieve high device performance is to deposit pinhole‐free, uniform and defect‐less perovskite films on the rough surface of polymeric substrates. Here, a solvent engineering to tailor the crystal morphology of FA‐alloyed perovskite films prepared by one‐step blade coating is first deployed. It is found that the use of binary solvents DMF:NMP, rather than the conventional DMF:DMSO, enables to deposit dense and uniform FA‐alloyed perovskite films on both the rigid and flexible substrates. As a decisive step, an embedding 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure is in situ formed by incorporating a small amount of 4‐guanidinobutanoic acid (GBA). Accordingly, photovoltage increases up to 100 mV are realized due to the markedly suppressed nonradiative recombination, leading to high efficiencies of 21.45% and 20.16% on the rigid and flexible substrates, respectively. In parallel, improved mechanical robustness of the flexible devices is achieved due to the presence of the embedded 2D phases. The results underpin the importance of morphology control and defect passivation in delivering high‐performance flexible FA‐alloyed flexible perovskite devices.
Cellular Origins of EGFR‐Driven Lung Cancer Cells Determine Sensitivity to Therapy
Authors: Chen Fan , Liu Jinpeng , Flight Robert M. , Naughton Kassandra J. , Lukyanchuk Alexsandr , Edgin Abigail R. , Song Xiulong , Zhang Haikuo , Wong Kwok‐Kin , Moseley Hunter N. B. , Wang Chi , Brainson Christine F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTargeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is one of the major precision medicine treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma. Due to common development of drug resistance to first‐ and second‐generation TKIs, third‐generation inhibitors, including osimertinib and rociletinib, have been developed. A model of EGFR‐driven lung cancer and a method to develop tumors of distinct epigenetic states through 3D organotypic cultures are described here. It is discovered that activation of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutation in lung epithelial cells can drive lung cancers with alveolar or bronchiolar features, which can originate from alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells or bronchioalveolar stem cells, but not basal cells or club cells of the trachea. It is also demonstrated that these clones are able to retain their epigenetic differences through passaging orthotopically in mice and crucially that they have distinct drug vulnerabilities. This work serves as a blueprint for exploring how epigenetics can be used to stratify patients for precision medicine decisions.
Multiband Photoresponding Field‐Effect Transistor Memory Using Conjugated Block Copolymers with Pendent Isoindigo Coils as a Polymer Electret
Authors: Lin Chen‐Fu , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Yang Wei‐Chen , Hsu Li‐Che , Ercan Ender , Hung Chih‐Chien , Yu Yang‐Yen , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the authors report a series of conjugated block copolymers, PF‐b‐Piso comprising poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)] (PF), and poly(pendent isoindigo) (Piso) for polymer electret in the photonic field‐effect transistor (FET) memory device. The optical properties, surface morphology, and molecular organization of these BCPs are investigated systematically. Accordingly, Piso with absorption in the Ultraviolet C range (UVC, 200–280 nm) possibly rendered the device with a multiband photoresponse, and a good memory performance is achieved by optimizing the polymer composition. Therefore, the memory device comprising PF‐b‐Piso could perform a high current contrast of 106 to 405 nm light and 105 to 254 nm light over 104 s. In addition, a current contrast of 104 and 102 is achieved in response to 650 and 530 nm light, and this phenomenon can be attributed to the charge transfer between channel and memory layers. The experimental results indicate that the block copolymer design not only conduces to forming a self‐assembled microphase separation to stabilize the trapped charge in the polymer electret, but also triggers multiband photoresponding of the photonic FET memory.
Large‐Area Endohedral Metallofullerene Single‐Crystal Arrays for High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors and Photodetectors
Authors: Su Mingming , Hu Yajing , Yang Shaoting , Yu Ao , Peng Ping , Yang Le , Jin Peng , Su Bin , Li Fang‐Fang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA structure with high crystallinity and orderly molecular packing is a requirement for high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, growing large‐area, long‐range order, highly crystalline micro or nanostructures remains a challenge. Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are spherical π‐conjugated molecules with unique electronic structures, hence they can be easily assembled into highly ordered crystals through intermolecular π–π interactions. In this work, large‐area single‐crystal microwire arrays of M3N@Ih‐C80 (M = Sc, Lu) are prepared with the assistance of a pillar‐structured template, and the microwire diameter can be tuned via the fullerene concentration. A field‐effect transistor is fabricated using Sc3N@Ih‐C80 microwire arrays, exhibiting a record‐high charge carrier mobility (6.16 cm2 V−1 s−1) among EMF‐based devices. Further, microwire‐based photodetectors are developed, with a response time as low as 0.1 s. The precise arrangement of the M3N@Ih‐C80 molecules helps improve the electron transportation channels, thereby enhancing the device performance.
From Flower‐Like to Spherical Deposition: A GCNT Aerogel Scaffold for Fast‐Charging Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Tianyu , Li Li , Zhao Teng , Ye Yusheng , Ye Zhengqing , Xu Sainan , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLithium metal anode has attracted the attention of both academic and industrial community for its high specific capacity and lowest redox potential. However, uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrite and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) exclude it from real world applications, especially in the fast‐charging area. Herein, a graphene/carbon nanotube composite (GCNT) aerogel as a stable host for a lithium metal anode is proposed. The porous aerogel with large surface area and high conductivity can significantly decrease the local current density to enable spherical and uniform lithium deposition. The GCNT aerogel electrode can maintain a high CE of 97.7% for 430 cycles at a current of 1 mA cm−2 under a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 while symmetric cells can sustain a high current up to 8 mA cm−2. The composite anode paired with a LiFePO4 cathode shows ultrahigh‐rate capability of 18 C and ultrahigh capacity retention of 97.6% and average CE of 99.1% in the subsequent 570 cyclings at 4 C. When paired with the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode, the composite anode can also demonstrate a high rate of 10 C and achieve a high capacity retention of 83.2% and an average CE of 99.8% for the subsequent 470 cycles at 2 C.
Randomized controlled trial comparing an open surgical technique and a Seldinger technique for cricothyrotomy performed on a simulated airway
Authors: Mallows James L. , Tyler Perry A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesEmergency cricothyrotomy is a lifesaving procedure performed when intubation fails and oxygenation cannot occur. There are multiple techniques and kits to perform this procedure. However, current evidence does not provide a definitive answer as to which method is superior. Two techniques in common use are a surgical technique and a percutaneous Seldinger‐based cricothyrotomy kit. The objective was to determine which of these two methods was quickest to perform and to determine which was most preferred by participants.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled crossover trial was conducted involving emergency physicians and trainees. Each participant performed both cricothyrotomy techniques in succession on an airway model, with the technique performed first being randomized for each participant. The primary outcome was time to first insufflation of the artificial lung. A survey was completed by participants asking their comfort with each technique on a 5‐point scale from 1 (not at all comfortable) to 5 (very comfortable) and which technique they preferred.ResultsTwenty‐one emergency physicians and nine emergency medicine trainees were recruited. The surgical technique was performed the fastest, with a mean (±SD) time of 51.6 (±16.3) s versus 66.6 (±14.9) s for the Seldinger technique, with a statistically significant difference of 15.0 s (95% confidence interval = 8.5 to 21.5, p < 0.001). The surgical technique was rated the most comfortable to perform, with a median rating of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 4–5) versus 4 (IQR = 3–5) for the Seldinger technique. The surgical technique was most preferred by participants (80% vs 20%).ConclusionThe surgical technique was the fastest to perform and was rated the most comfortable to perform and the most preferred technique.
Solar node and gateway wireless system functions in record breaking polar vortex outbreak of February 2021
Authors: Evett Steven R. , Thompson Alondra I. , Schomberg Harry H. , Andrade Manuel A. , Anderson John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvances in environmental and agricultural management are increasingly enabled by unattended data acquisition using internet‐of‐things (IOT) approaches. These approaches combine advanced sensors and wireless data transmission to automatically convey field data to the internet. Users, either human or machine, then can access and act upon the data from nearly anywhere in the world. Particularly in the case of machines automatically acting on the data, robustness, reliability and accuracy of data are crucial to preventing unintended outcomes of machine operations and continued supply of key services. Low‐cost, low‐power, and solar‐powered systems are important to enable market entry of advanced decision support systems based on IOT data acquisition approaches. The polar vortex outbreak of February 2021 in the central United States provided an extreme test of such a node and gateway system for automatic data acquisition and telemetry to the internet over the cellular telephone network. The system, codesigned by USDA‐ARS and Acclima, performed admirably despite air temperatures reaching a minimum of −24 °C, temperatures < 0 °C for 8 d and < −7 °C for 6 d, two snowstorms, and overcast conditions. The six nodes, gateway, and 36 sensors continued to function reliably with a data transmission failure rate of <2 in 10,000 even though the Li‐ion batteries could not be recharged for 7 d due to temperatures <5 °C. The system reports geographic position of each node and gateway, model numbers and firmware versions of all equipment, including sensors, date, and time of sensor readings, and individual sensor elevations relative to a reference surface, affording data self‐identification for unfettered use by remote systems.
Artificial intelligence‐based computer vision in surgery: Recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Kitaguchi Daichi , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Hasegawa Hiro , Ito Masaaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTechnology has advanced surgery, especially minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. It has led to an increase in the number of technologies in the operating room. They can provide further information about a surgical procedure, e.g. instrument usage and trajectories. Among these surgery‐related technologies, the amount of information extracted from a surgical video captured by an endoscope is especially great. Therefore, the automation of data analysis is essential in surgery to reduce the complexity of the data while maximizing its utility to enable new opportunities for research and development. Computer vision (CV) is the field of study that deals with how computers can understand digital images or videos and seeks to automate tasks that can be performed by the human visual system. Because this field deals with all the processes of real‐world information acquisition by computers, the terminology “CV” is extensive, and ranges from hardware for image sensing to AI‐based image recognition. AI‐based image recognition for simple tasks, such as recognizing snapshots, has advanced and is comparable to humans in recent years. Although surgical video recognition is a more complex and challenging task, if we can effectively apply it to MIS, it leads to future surgical advancements, such as intraoperative decision‐making support and image navigation surgery. Ultimately, automated surgery might be realized. In this article, we summarize the recent advances and future perspectives of AI‐related research and development in the field of surgery.
Comparison of endoscopic papillary large‐balloon dilatation with endoscopic sphincterotomy in clearing large common bile duct stones: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cheng Chao‐Ling , Tang Kung‐Pei , Cheng Sheng‐Wei , Fang Hua‐Chen , Shiue Sheng‐Jie , Suk Fat‐Moon , Lien Gi‐Shih , Wu Ming‐Shun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are three methods to retrieve large common bile duct stones, the first is endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), the second is endoscopic papillary large‐balloon dilatation (EPLBD), and the third is limited EST plus EPLBD. Although EST is the most popularly used method, it has higher risk of bleeding complication and basket stuck. EPLBD alone without EST demonstrated safe and quick in the clinical practice, but there were only few studies focused on comparing EST or EPLBD alone. Thus, this study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of EPLBD with EST. We searched for PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to collect relevant articles until August 31st, 2019. We included randomized controlled trials, common bile duct stones > 10 mm, comparison of endoscopic papillary large‐balloon dilatation with endoscopic sphincterotomy, and patients older than 18. We compare endoscopic papillary large‐balloon dilatation with endoscopic sphincterotomy on the clearance of large common bile duct stones, the adverse events, and the need for mechanical lithotripsy. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was registered on PROSPERO and the registration number is CRD42020150485. Total six studies met inclusion criteria and 762 participants were enrolled. The data revealed that endoscopic papillary large‐balloon dilatation alone was comparable to endoscopic sphincterotomy on the clearance of large common bile duct stones (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93‐1.12), the adverse events (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.71‐1.43) and the need for mechanical lithotripsy. In the subgroup analysis, the requirement of mechanical lithotripsy decreased in the non‐Chinese group (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41‐0.84). The efficacy and safety to clean large common bile duct stones are comparable in either EPLBD or EST. In addition, EPLBD alone not only saves the operation time but also reduces the chance of mechanical lithotripsy in the subgroup analysis.