bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It is not just about sex: viewpoints of men with inflammatory arthritis on the overall impact of the disease on their sexual health
Authors: Perez-Garcia Luis Fernando , Röder Esther , Pastoor Hester , Bolt Johanna M , van Exel Job , Dolhain Radboud J E M 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesSexual health is defined as a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. The impact of inflammatory arthritis (IA) on male sexual health has been mainly studied focusing on erectile function, one of the physical components of sexual health. Our objective was to describe the viewpoints among men with IA in the Netherlands on the overall impact of IA on their sexual health.MethodsQ-methodology, a mixed methods approach to systematically study subjectivity was used. Adult men diagnosed with IA ranked 34 opinion statements about potential impacts of IA on their sexual health and were interviewed. By-person factor analysis was used to identify common patterns in the rankings, which were interpreted as viewpoints. Data from the interviews were used to verify and adjust the interpretations.Results30 men (22–77 years) with IA were included. The analysis revealed three viewpoints. Men with the viewpoint ‘Arthritis negatively affects my sexual health’ experience a dramatic impact on all components of sexual health. In viewpoint ‘I am keeping up appearances’, IA negatively impacts sexual health but a distinguishing coping mechanism could mask a more serious negative impact. Men with the viewpoint ‘I am satisfied with my sexual health’' experience no significant impact of IA on their sexual health.ConclusionsWe identified three viewpoints on the impact of IA on male sexual health, two revealed a negative influence that goes beyond the physical act of sex. IA can severely affect the emotional, mental and social components of sexual health.
Lung function, airway and peripheral basophils and eosinophils are associated with molecular pharmacogenomic endotypes of steroid response in severe asthma
Authors: Kho Alvin T , McGeachie Michael J , Li Jiang , Chase Robert P , Amr Sami S , Hastie Annette T , Hawkins Gregory A , Li Xingnan , Chupp Geoffrey L , Meyers Deborah A , Bleecker Eugene R , Weiss Scott T , Tantisira Kelan G 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionAsthma is a complex disease with heterogeneous expression/severity. There is growing interest in defining asthma endotypes consistently associated with different responses to therapy, focusing on type 2 inflammation (Th2) as a key pathological mechanism. Current asthma endotypes are defined primarily by clinical/laboratory criteria. Each endotype is likely characterised by distinct molecular mechanisms that identify optimal therapies.MethodsWe applied unsupervised (withouta prioriclinical criteria) principal component analysis on sputum airway cells RNA-sequencing transcriptomic data from 19 asthmatics from the Severe Asthma Research Program at baseline and 6–8 weeks follow-up after a 40 mg dose of intramuscular corticosteroids. We investigated principal components PC1, PC3 for association with 55 clinical variables.ResultsPC3 was associated with baseline Th2 clinical features including blood (rank-sum p=0.0082) and airway (rank-sum p=0.0024) eosinophilia, FEV1change (Kendall tau-b R=−0.333 (−0.592 to −0.012)) and follow-up FEV1albuterol response (Kendall tau-b R=0.392 (0.079 to 0.634)). PC1 with blood basophlia (rank-sum p=0.0191). The top 5% genes contributing to PC1, PC3 were enriched for distinct immune system/inflammation ontologies suggesting distinct subject-specific clusters of transcriptomic response to corticosteroids. PC3 association with FEV1change was reproduced in silico in a comparable independent 14-subject (baseline, 8 weeks after daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)) airway epithelial cells microRNAome dataset.ConclusionsTranscriptomic PCs from this unsupervised methodology define molecular pharmacogenomic endotypes that may yield novel biology underlying different subject-specific responses to corticosteroid therapy in asthma, and optimal personalised asthma care. Top contributing genes to these PCs may suggest new therapeutic targets.
Soil nitrogen dynamics in canola agroecosystems of eastern Canada
Authors: Ejack Leanne , Gurung Bineeta , Seguin Philippe , Ma Bao-luo , Whalen Joann K. 
Published: September 2021

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a nitrogen (N)-demanding crop, so tissue N analysis should be related to soil N supply. We evaluated canola N uptake in relation to soil N pools in plots receiving 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N·ha−1 from urea at three sites in eastern Canada in 2012. Soil N pools varied significantly at the rosette, flowering, pod filling, and maturity stages, but responded less predictably to urea. Canola N uptake was inconsistently related to soil N pools and urea input. This confirms the importance of site-specific N fertilizer management when growing canola in eastern Canada.
Relative skull size as one of the factors limiting skull shape variation in passerines
Authors: Shatkovska Oksana V. , Ghazali Maria 
Published: September 2021

Despite a considerable interest among researchers in understanding the variation in skull shapes of birds and the factors influencing it, some of the drivers associated with the design features of an entire bird body, which are important for both successful terrestrial locomotion and flight, have been overlooked. One such factor, in our opinion, is relative skull size (skull length in relation to body mass), which can affect the position of the body’s center of gravity. We tested the effects of relative skull size, allometry (i.e., absolute skull size), and diet on variation in skull shape. The study was conducted on 50 songbird species representing a wide range of body masses (8.3–570 g) and dietary preferences (granivores, insectivores/granivores, insectivores, omnivores). Skull shape was analyzed using two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. We found that similar patterns of skull shape occur among passerines with different body sizes and diets. Relative skull size predicted skull shape to a similar extent and with a similar pattern as the absolute size. The effect of relative skull size on skull shape variation is likely due to biomechanical constraints related to flight.
Hierarchical microphase separation in non-conserved active mixtures
Authors: Li Yuting I. , Cates Michael E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNon-equilibrium phase separating systems with reactions, such as biomolecular condensates and bacteria colonies, can break time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in two distinct ways. Firstly, the conservative and non-conservative sectors of the dynamics can be governed by incompatible free energies; when both sectors are present, this is the leading-order TRS violation, captured in its simplest form by ‘Model AB’. Second, the diffusive dynamics can break TRS in its own right. This happens only at higher order in the gradient expansion (but is the leading behaviour without reactions present) and is captured by ‘Active Model B+’ (AMB+). Each of the two mechanisms can lead to microphase separation, by quite different routes. Here we introduce Model AB+, for which both mechanisms are simultaneously present, and show that for slow reaction rates the system can undergo a new type of hierarchical microphase separation, which we call ‘bubbly microphase separation’. In this state, small droplets of one fluid are continuously created and absorbed into large droplets, whose length-scales are controlled by the competing reactive and diffusive dynamics.
ALDH1A1 Activity in Tumor-Initiating Cells Remodels Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Liu Cuicui , Qiang Jiankun , Deng Qiaodan , Xia Jie , Deng Lu , Zhou Lei , Wang Dong , He Xueyan , Liu Ying , Zhao Botao , Lv Jinhui , Yu Zuoren , Lei Qun-Ying , Shao Zhi-Ming , Zhang Xiao-Yong , Zhang Lixing , Liu Suling 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) are associated with tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and recurrence. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a TIC marker in many cancers, including breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ALDH1A1 functions in solid tumors remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that ALDH1A1 enzymatic activity facilitates breast tumor growth. Mechanistically, ALDH1A1 decreased the intracellular pH in breast cancer cells to promote phosphorylation of TAK1, activate NFκB signaling, and increase the secretion of GM-CSF, which led to myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion and immunosuppression. Furthermore, the ALDH1A1 inhibitor disulfiram and chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine cooperatively inhibited breast tumor growth and tumorigenesis by purging ALDH+ TICs and activating T-cell immunity. These findings elucidate how active ALDH1A1 modulates the immune system to promote tumor development, highlighting new therapeutic strategies for malignant breast cancer.

Significance:
ALDH1A1 enzyme activity induces MDSC expansion and triggers a procancer immune microenvironment to facilitate breast cancer progression, providing a novel therapeutic vulnerability in this disease.
Histone H1 Mutations in Lymphoma: A Link(er) between Chromatin Organization, Developmental Reprogramming, and Cancer
Authors: Soshnev Alexey A. , Allis C. David , Cesarman Ethel , Melnick Ari M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aberrant cell fate decisions due to transcriptional misregulation are central to malignant transformation. Histones are the major constituents of chromatin, and mutations in histone-encoding genes are increasingly recognized as drivers of oncogenic transformation. Mutations in linker histone H1 genes were recently identified as drivers of peripheral lymphoid malignancy. Loss of H1 in germinal center B cells results in widespread chromatin decompaction, redistribution of core histone modifications, and reactivation of stem cell–specific transcriptional programs. This review explores how linker histones and mutations therein regulate chromatin structure, highlighting reciprocal relationships between epigenetic circuits, and discusses the emerging role of aberrant three-dimensional chromatin architecture in malignancy.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Among Adults With and Without Stroke: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Duran Andrea T. , Pascual Christian B. , Goldsmith Jeff , Howard Virginia J. , Hutto Brent , Colabianchi Natalie , Vena John E. , McDonnell Michelle N. , Blair Steven N. , Hooker Steven P. , Diaz Keith M. 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
We examined differences in the volume and pattern of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior between adults with and without stroke.

Methods:
We studied cohort members with an adjudicated or self-reported stroke (n=401) and age-, sex-, race-, region of residence-, and body mass index-matched participants without a history of stroke (n=1203) from the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke). Sedentary behavior (total volume and bouts), light-intensity PA, and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were objectively measured for 7 days via hip-worn accelerometer.

Results:

Sedentary time (790.5±80.4 versus 752.4±81.9 min/d) and mean sedentary bout duration (15.7±12.6 versus 11.9±8.1 min/d) were higher and PA (light-intensity PA: 160.5±74.6 versus 192.9±73.5 min/d and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA: 9.0±11.9 versus 14.7±17.0 min/d) lower for stroke survivors compared with controls (
P
<0.001). Stroke survivors also accrued fewer activity breaks (65.5±21.9 versus 73.31±18.9 breaks/d) that were shorter (2.4±0.7 versus 2.7±0.8 minutes) and lower in intensity (188.4±60.8 versus 217.9±72.2 counts per minute) than controls (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Stroke survivors accrued a lower volume of PA, higher volume of sedentary time, and exhibited accrual patterns of more prolonged sedentary bouts and shorter, lower intensity activity breaks compared with persons without stroke.
The Symbolism of Oak Leaves in Dostoevsky’s Notebooks (Drafts) to Crime and Punishment (with illustrations)
Authors: Barsht Konstantin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article offers a new interpretation of the various expressions of the motif or sign of oak leaves, contained in the manuscript drafts of the novel Crime and Punishment. The expressions of the motif are decoded in the style of 3D letters, pointing to the key words of the third draft of the novel: “Dostoevsky”, “Journal”, “Routine”. These signs, which are part of Dostoevsky’s ideographic language, belong to the period of work on the novel from October to December 1865. It is the period in which the hero’s ideology was radically transformed, and the philanthropic motivation of the murders (to help the mother and the sister) was substituted by the “Napoleonic idea” (“am I a trembling worm or do I have the right”). The examination of these signs in conjunction with the writer’s notes contiguous with them, leads to the inference that these signs are genetically connected with the heraldry of the Dostoevsky clan, as well as with the symbolism of the 19th century “mundir” (uniform) attributions: the oak leaves were embroidery adorning a general’s “mundir”, and were a sign of recognition “for outstanding service”. Napoleon’s uniform, at the time of the Battle of Marengo, also had oak leaves embroidery; the battle is mentioned twice by Dostoevsky in the course of work on Crime and Punishment.
The Significance of N. N. Strakhov’s Ideas in the Context of Dostoevsky’s Novel The Idiot
Authors: Toichkina Aleksandra V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the question of the significance of N.N.Strakhov’s works for Dostoevsky’s novel The Idiot. In particular, excerpts from the History of New Philosophy by Kuno Fischer are analyzed. Passages from this work were published by Strakhov in the journals “Vremia” and “Svetoch” for 1861. Parts of Fischer’s History are important for understanding the philosophical ideas of Strakhov, and their significance for Dostoevsky’s novel The Idiot. Research shows that in terms of ideological content, Dostoevsky’s novel is polemically directed against Strakhov’s “idea of God”.
The Ghost of the Nephew: Napoleon iii in “The Demons” by F. M. Dostoevsky
Authors: Kravchuk I. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article contains an analysis of one of the references to Emperor Napoleon iii in the preparatory materials of F. M. Dostoevsky for The Demons. In addition, the hypothesis of Louis Bonaparte as one of the prototypes of Peter Verkhovensky is considered. This assumption is based on the material of Dostoevsky’s notebooks and has already been expressed by V. A. Tunimanov and A. Pekurovskaya, although it has not yet received complete development. The article shows what are the details of Napoleon iii’s biography, what are the elements of his political tactics and individual myth that could be known to Dostoevsky and used by him in creating such a character as younger Verkhovensky. In line with the “black legend” about Louis Bonaparte, Verkhovensky relies on people who are deprived of a stable social position. He goes for a hoax willingly and hopes that demoralization and panic in society will allow him to come to power. Just as Napoleon iii stands hostage for the myth of his great uncle, Verkhovensky is slavishly dependent on his “idol,” his “Ivan Tsarevitch”—Stavrogin. Both pairs can be considered from the point of view of the phenomenon of mimetic desire as it was described by R. Girard. The article also shows how historical and literary prototypes of the same character interact with each other, revealing certain functional features of the new hero. In this case, the relationship between the figures of Napoleon iii and Gogol’s Khlestakov in the general design of the image of Verkhovensky is briefly addressed.
A Dostoevskian Dialogue Structure for the Presentation of the Unconscious
Authors: Greenberg Yael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this article, I demonstrate that in Crime and Punishment (1866) and Demons (1872), Dostoevsky uses a specific type of dialogue—which I term “the about-face dialogue”—to present the displacement of a young man’s unconscious rage against his mother on to society while hiding it from the awareness of both protagonist and reader. In this type of dialogue, the protagonist interprets his interlocutor’s unwittingly ambiguous word or phrase as a scathing rebuke of his rage against his mother, and his reaction constitutes a displacement of this rage on to the outside world. Our awareness of the interplay between the unconscious and the outside world in this type of dialogue enables us to understand the protagonist’s sudden about-face from compassion to apathy, or even animosity, which is incomprehensible on the purely rational level.
Ernst Jünger and his Reception of Fyodor Dostoevsky
Authors: Ulbrecht Siegfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This contribution aims to present those aspects of the literary and intellectual legacy of F. M. Dostoevsky (1821–1881) that motivated Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) in formulating his own literary and essayistic work. Dostoevsky’s impact on Jünger has so far been researched only fragmentarily and sporadically. This builds on previous research and complements it with new findings. Ernst Jünger inquired into Dostoevsky’s works throughout his life. He perceived Dostoevsky as a foreteller of crises and disasters. Many of Jünger’s motifs, literary images, characters, and symbols were either influenced by or borrowed from Dostoevsky and developed further. Of great importance to Jünger are such phenomena as power, evil or misery, and pain. Dostoevsky also shaped Jünger’s approach to nihilism.
Gastrostomy Tube Outcomes Among Surgical and Non-Surgical Services: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Herb Joshua , Rodriguez-Ormaza Nidia , Cunningham Clark , Bartl Neal , Jadi Jihane , Charles Anthony , Reid Trista 
Published: September 2021

Background Our objective was to evaluate differences in baseline characteristics, complications, and mortality among patients receiving a gastrostomy tube (GT) by surgical or non-surgical services. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent GT placement from 2014 to 2017 at a single institution. Using bivariate and multivariable analyses, we compared baseline characteristics, complications, and overall 30-day mortality of patients undergoing GT placement with surgical or non-surgical services. Results Of the 1339 adults who underwent GT placement, surgical and non-surgical services performed 45% (n = 609) and 55% (n = 730) procedures, respectively. Gastrostomy tube-related complications were similar (29.6% surgical vs 28.8% non-surgical, P = .76). Thirty-day mortality was higher among non-surgical services (23.7% vs 16.5%, P = .004). On multivariable analysis, this was not significant (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.83; 1.77). Conclusion Surgical and non-surgical service placement of GTs had equivalent GT-related mortality and complication rates.
Utilization of 3D MRI for the Evaluation of Sphincter Pharyngoplasty Insertion Site in Patients With Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
Authors: Mason Kazlin N. , Riski John E. , Williams Joseph K. , Jones Richard A. , Perry Jamie L. 
Published: September 2021

Sphincter pharyngoplasty is a surgical method to treat velopharyngeal dysfunction. However, surgical failure is often noted and postoperative assessment frequently reveals low-set pharyngoplasties. Past studies have not quantified pharyngoplasty tissue changes that occur postoperatively and gaps remain related to the patient-specific variables that influence postoperative change. The purpose of this study was to utilize advanced three-dimensional imaging and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to visualize and quantify pharyngoplasty insertion site and postsurgical tissue changes over time. A prospective, repeated measures design was used for the assessment of craniometric and velopharyngeal variables postsurgically. Imaging was completed across two postoperative time points. Tissue migration, pharyngoplasty dimensions, and predictors of change were analyzed across imaging time points. Significant differences were present between the initial location of pharyngoplasty tissue and the pharyngoplasty location 2 to 4 months postoperatively. The average postoperative inferior movement of pharyngoplasty tissue was 6.82 mm, although notable variability was present across participants. The pharyngoplasty volume decreased by 30%, on average. Inferior migration of the pharyngoplasty tissue was present in all patients. Gravity, scar contracture, and patient-specific variables likely interact, impacting final postoperative pharyngoplasty location. The use of advanced imaging modalities, such as 3D MRI, allows for the quantification and visualization of tissue change. There is a need for continued identification of patient-specific factors that may impact the amount of inferior tissue migration and scar contracture postoperatively.
Cataract extraction and intraocular pressure-lowering agents delivery: A nationwide French study between 2005 and 2017
Authors: Chamard Chloé , Huguet Héléna , Bron Alain M , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine , Nogue Erika , Villain Max , Nagot Nicolas , Carrière Isabelle , Mura Thibault , Daien Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Cataract and glaucoma are among the leading causes of blindness worldwide in older people, and they are often concomitant. To assess topical intraocular (IOP)-lowering agents delivery changes after cataract extraction. Material and methods: Longitudinal matched exposed–unexposed study from the French national healthcare database from January 1, 2005 to January 1, 2017. We compared individuals using topical IOP-lowering agents who underwent bilateral cataract extraction with individuals matched on IOP-lowering agents load, age, and sex who did not undergo cataract extraction. IOP-lowering agents number of drops was assessed 12 months before the first cataract extraction and compared with number of drops 12 months after the second cataract extraction. Results: About 1194 individuals treated with IOP-lowering agents were included, 597 exposed to bilateral cataract extraction and 597 unexposed to any surgery (total mean age 74.8 ± 8.3 years; 69.0% women). Mean IOP-lowering agents delivery at baseline was 1.4 daily drops in both groups. The mean number of drops decreased greater in the exposed than unexposed group (−25.5% vs −3.5%; p < 0.0001). Overall, 159 (26.6%) and 48 (8.0%) individuals in the exposed and unexposed groups interrupted medication ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: A decrease of around one quarter of IOP-lowering agents delivery was observed after cataract extraction in the present real-life study with a longstanding interruption observed in one quarter of patients. Phacoemulsification as a standalone procedure reduces IOP-lowering agents delivery in ocular hypertension and glaucoma.