bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FPR2 regulates monocyte recruitment to promote mucosal wound repair
Authors: O'Leary Monique N. , Birkl Dorothee , Quiros Miguel , Reed Michelle , Azcutia Veronica , Schaller Matthew , Nishio Hikaru , Keeney Justin , Lukacs Nicholas W. , Neish Andrew S. , Parkos Charles A. , Nusrat Asma 
Published: June 2021

Mucosal wound repair is coordinated by a dynamic spatiotemporal cross talk of mediators with receptors on epithelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. After initial recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes infiltrate mucosal wounds in close proximity to repairing epithelium. Key regulators of mucosal repair include pro‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving mediators that help orchestrate temporal recruitment of immune cells, resolve acute inflammatory responses and regulate epithelial cell migration and proliferation. Immune cell derived mediators have been shown to activate G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCR) that significantly impact the inflammatory response and repair. In this report, our studies were focused on how a GPCR, formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), orchestrates mucosal repair. Fpr2/3−/− mice were utilized to investigate the role of formyl‐peptide receptor 2/3 (FPR2/3), an orthologue of human FPR2/ALX, in regulating intestinal mucosal repair. Compared to wild type mice, Fpr2/3−/− mice exhibited delayed recovery from acute colitis and impaired repair after biopsy induced injury. Time course analyses of immune cell populations in the wound bed of wild type and Fpr2/3−/− mice by flow cytometry revealed mice lacking FPR2 have a reduced influx of inflammatory monocytes (defined as CD45+ CD11b+ Ly6G− Siglec F− F4/80lo Ly6Chi) on day 1 and 2 post wounding compared to wild type mice. To further supporting these data, we assessed expression of CCR2, a chemokine receptor and marker of conventional Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes, in wounded tissue. We found reduced expression of CCR2 mRNA in tissue isolated from Fpr2/3−/− mice. Bone marrow transplant experiments revealed that monocytes from wild type mice had a competitive advantage over Fpr2/3−/− cells in migrating into healing mucosal wounds. Moreover, Fpr2/3−/− monocytes were defective in chemotaxis responses to the chemokine CCL20, a chemoattractant for monocytes that is upregulated during the early phase of inflammation. Analysis of Fpr2/3−/− monocytes revealed altered expression of the CCL20 receptor, CCR6, suggesting a role of Fpr2/3 and CCL20‐CCR6 signaling in regulating monocyte recruitment to sites of mucosal injury. In summary, these findings identify the contribution of monocyte expressed FPR2/3 in facilitating their recruitment to sites of mucosal injury to promote wound repair.Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by DK055679, DK089763, DK059888, to AN; DK61739, DK72564, DK79392, to CAP; and a German Research Foundation Research Fellowship (SI 2282/1‐1, to DB).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Dynamics of antibody‐virion complexes reveals contrasting stabilizing and destabilizing effects of neutralizing antibodies on dengue
Authors: Anand Ganesh , Lim Xin Xiang 
Published: June 2021

Dengue viruses are dynamic macromolecular assemblies in solution that stably package genomic RNA outside the human host but are programmed to undergo timed disassembly under opportune host environments. This inherent metastability is manifested as reversible conformational rearrangements referred to as ‘breathing’ and are critical for sensing host‐specific environmental cues, receptor interactions and for initiating host entry. The virion envelope proteins are the primary targets for antibodies. How only a subset of binding antibodies are capable of neutralizing dengue is an open question and represents a major challenge in therapeutic antibody discovery and vaccine design to tackle dengue. The key to understanding how classes of neutralizing antibodies work is inherently linked to the inherent dynamics of whole viral particles in solution. Amide hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDXMS) is a powerful tool for measuring hydrogen bonding propensities and solvent accessibility of proteins and protein complexes. This makes it especially suitable for probing the breathing dynamics, measurement of quaternary contacts of viral particles in solution as well as to probe the effects of host‐specific conditions and for mapping epitopes and paratopes of neutralizing antibodies. We have carried out dynamics measurements on two classes of neutralizing antibodies‐ 2D22 and C10 with the same DENV2 NGC strain. Our HDXMS results shows that 2D22 binding results in decreased deuterium exchange while C10 binding enhances deuterium exchange across the dengue virion. Viruses are intrinsically metastable and maintained in partially stable assemblies. Our results describe contrasting modes of antibody neutralization. One where antibody binding impairs the intrinsic breathing. We describe for the first time, how C10 binding destabilizes the virus to preemptively disassemble it prior to reaching its target cells. These unique antibody effects and serotype dynamic profiles also show that the epitope landscape across the viral surface is non‐uniform and symmetry unit‐specific. Preferential antibody binding to symmetry units on the icosahedral viral surface further underscores the importance of quaternary interactions in efficacy of antibody action, with major implications for antibody‐dependent enhancement of dengue.Support or Funding InformationCompetitive Research Proposal (CRP)‐ National Research Foundation (NRF), SingaporeThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Should Black Humor Be Put To Death? Examining Student and Staff Views on Black Humor in Anatomy Labs
Authors: Duenas Angelique , Kirkness Karen , Finn Gabrielle 
Published: June 2021

Beyond studies and discussions regarding learning outcomes related to dissection, prosection, and anatomy lab experiences, there has been a recent increase in examining the role of the ‘hidden curriculum’ in anatomy education. Lab experiences of many types can help foster professionalism and more humanistic views towards donors, and eventually patients, via this integrated hidden curriculum. But what has been overlooked are the potential darker aspects of the hidden curriculum that may begin in anatomy labs. While the days of ‘cadaver antics' and directly objectifying donor bodies are no longer tolerated, there is little research regarding the more subtle use of dark humour and language still present in anatomy education. Thus, our study aims to better understand the use of black, or cynical, humour as a component of the hidden curriculum of anatomy labs. An Ethics‐reviewed study was designed, and participants were recruited from the Hull York Medical School to voluntarily complete an online survey comprised of 3 demographic, 5 open‐ended, and 6 rating‐scale items. Eligible participants included medical students, MSc anatomy students, anatomy lab tutors, and anatomy faculty. Responses were analysed by descriptive statistics, and open‐ended questions were coded for common themes. Data continues to be collected and analysed, but preliminary findings suggests there are certain themes regarding the perceived appropriateness of black humour in medical education settings. Our findings suggest that the themes of context and situation of humour are key in determining appropriateness, and that while some participants express discomfort at the use of black humour, humour in the anatomy lab is more widely regarded as an appropriate means of coping with stress. An additional emergent theme is the use of (cynical) humour to promote camaraderie amongst teammates. While our data analysis is still ongoing, the preliminary themes suggest outcomes of this study may have implications for better understanding how to address the darker hidden curriculum of anatomy. Additionally, we hope that our findings help to further develop best practices for fostering humanistic future practitioners, throughout all levels of medical training, but starting in anatomy labs with students' ‘first patients.’This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A Digital Anatomico‐Surgical Module for Preparing the 21st Century Dermatologist
Authors: Adar Tony , Pagano Anthony S , Monheit Gary D , Marquez Samuel 
Published: June 2021

Strong anatomical acumen is critical in today's procedural dermatologic practice. Accruing the necessary skill set for the dermatologic resident to become a successful practitioner requires acquiring the foundational knowledge of the underlying craniofacial anatomy with the goal of facilitating and translating basic principles of cutaneous surgical procedures. Most dermatologic residency programs provide hands‐on surgical experience supplemented with academic lectures and surgical texts. In response to growing demand from the dermatology residents at SUNY Downstate Medical Center the co‐investigators recently combined efforts to organize and instruct a cadaveric head and neck dissection course with photo documentation. Feedback from residents strongly advocated for dissection sequence to be video captured in order to re‐visit protocol, assess understanding and implement practice procedures. This study reports on the creation of a digitally annotated facial dissection high definition video with clinically relevant correlates providing a comprehensive review and enhancing anatomical education to dermatology residents. Specifically, the dermatologic resident was guided through a complete fascial dissection sequence to delineate key anatomical landmarks, detailing facial planes and fat compartments pertinent to dermatologic procedures and surgeries. Pre‐ and Post‐assessment tests provided an evaluation of the impact the digital educational material had on the dermatologic residents. Resident perception reflected an increase in confidence and understanding of the surgical approaches required for successful outcomes. Video distribution to residents would permit mastery of craniofacial anatomy, which remains indispensable for proper and safe cutaneous and cosmetic procedures for the 21st century dermatologist.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Visualization of Heart Electrocardiographic Activity using a Mixed Reality System
Authors: Michalski Connor , Cowan Melissa , Bohinsky Jonathan , Dickerson Ryan , James Bradford , Plochocki Jeffrey H 
Published: June 2021

The use of three‐dimensional (3D) visualization technology in medical education and physician training has been demonstrated to improve learning outcomes. One emerging visualization tool that is being explored to supplement anatomy and physiology education is mixed reality, a technology that overlays virtual objects into the real world. The challenge faced by mixed reality is creating applications that are user friendly and have educational value beyond the static exhibition or manipulation of anatomic representations. We developed an application that uses the HoloLens™ (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA), a wearable mixed reality system, to integrate 3D animations of heart anatomy with electrocardiography. The application was created by UCF College of Medicine in Unity v.2017.3.1f1 (Unity Technologies, San Francisco, CA, USA) using the Microsoft HoloToolkit v.2017.4.2.0 and Vuforia Engine v.7.0.47 (PTC, Needham, MA, USA). Using this application, the HoloLens scans a QR code corresponding to an electrocardiogram (ECG) and generates a 3D animation of heart contractions that corresponds to the electrical activity represented in the ECG. Gesture recognition is used as an input mechanism to encourage engagement and interactions with the 3D heart models. Audio narrations are used to describe the context of each animation and learners can test their knowledge using the built‐in formative quiz. Our mixed reality application allows students to visualize cardiac functional morphology in 3D space. It facilitates training physicians to conceptualize the anatomy of sinus rhythm and cardiac arrhythmias, and transfer their knowledge of myocardial depolarization and repolarization to realistic clinical scenarios. It accomplishes these educational goals in a manner that cannot be accomplished with traditional visualization technologies or anatomic models. Future development of our application will focus on adding displays of hemodynamics, including pressures of the heart chambers and great vessels and corresponding disturbances in cardiac blood flow.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Pocket Pelvis: Developing an Augmented Reality App for Better Understanding of Pelvis Anatomy
Authors: Dixit Ishan , Prakitpong Ratthamnoon , Blumer Paige , He Ellen , Jeong Eric , Kim Jason , Oh Jueyong , Ghomi Mehrdad , Krebs Claudia , Cerron Dante 
Published: June 2021

The human pelvis is one of the more complicated anatomical regions for students to understand due to its complex 3D geometry, the layered pelvic walls, and the differences between male and female pelvises.In order to facilitate the 3D learning of the pelvis we developed an augmented reality application that allows the learner to visualize structures of the pelvis on a 3D printed pelvis model. The 3D printed pelvis model was created based on volumetric reconstruction of the NIH Visible Human dataset. Pelvis structures, such as muscles and neurovasculature, were created using Blender 3D modeling software. The application was created using Unity, and Vuforia was used for the augmented reality image recognition. The app was programmed for use on Android or iOS devices.The aim of this app was not to re‐create an anatomical model, but rather to create a teaching tool that is both accurate and conceptual in nature. Iterative design of the user interface and the user experience led to an educational experience where students can manipulate the 3D printed pocket‐sized pelvis and have control over which structures they can view in the augmented reality app. This approach has led to a set of best practices for this type of augmented reality app: The 3D printed object needs to be generated using a filament that is not too shiny to minimize glare, the tags recognized by Vuforia for adding the augmented reality structures need to be unique and their size needs to be a compromise between optimal recognition and non‐interference with the anatomy. The user interface needs to be clearly structured and allow the user to interact with the augmented reality structures and their device seamlessly and simultaneously. The combination of a physical object that can be freely turned with augmented reality structures that can be turned on and off by the user leads to a user experience that combines a haptic experience with visual cues – a combination that is a foundation for a deep anatomical understanding of the pelvis.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Strategic Investment Fund from the UBC Faculty of Medicine and the UBC Teaching and Learning Enhancement FundThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Facial nerve morphogenesis: three‐dimensional and multiplanar study
Authors: Labrousse Marc , Dubernard Xavier , Settembre Nicla , Micard Emilien , Braun Marc , Renard Yohann 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the facial nerve embryology, using three‐dimensional reconstructions from human embryos histological sections, and to compare our results with literature. Human embryos stage 13 to 21 from Carnegie collection and Paris‐Descartes University's Delmas‐Rouvière collection stained with hematoxylin & eosin or Masson's trichrome were used. A local made computer software developed by IADI lab (INSERM U947, Nancy) allowed automatic slices selection, automatic rigid registration, and dust filtering. Once registration had been completed, DICOM files were used with ORS Visual software (v1.5, Montreal), which allowed multiple display and post‐processing possibilities (3D VR; orthogonal/curved multiplanar reformation). Due to large size files, image processing was performed on PC with Windows 7 (64 bit) and 20 GB RAM. Three‐dimensional and multiplanar study of the facial nerve morphogenesis was possible with appropriate thresholding. The size, shape and positional changes of the facial nerve, geniculate ganglion, greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympanic relative to the external and middle ear were studied. Human embryonic facial nerve morphogenesis works are very rare because of the smallness of this anatomical structure. Our study using historic human embryos histological sections has shown the facial nerve growth. The precise knowledge of this morphogenesis will help to better understand congenital malformations.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Infraorbital Foramen Location in the Perinatal Maxilla: Implications for Infraorbital Nerve Block
Authors: Ritz Brianna S , Nestor Nicholas S , Zdilla Matthew J 
Published: June 2021

Bilateral infraorbital nerve block is performed in infants for the management of pain after cleft‐lip repair. The procedure involves the injection of anesthetic near the emergence of the infraorbital nerves in the face at the infraorbital foramen. In adults, infraorbital foramen location is oftentimes estimated via measurements from the lateral nasal aperture and the infraorbital margin; however, these measurements have not been described in the perinatal population. Therefore, this study assesses the distances from the lateral nasal aperture and the infraorbital margin to the infraorbital foramen in 66 fetal and infantile maxillae ranging from 5 months intrauterine development to 15 months postnatal development. The best‐fit linear model for IOF location is with regard to the distance from the lateral nasal aperture to the IOF. The model is given by the formula Distance = 0.1747 × Age (in developmental months) + 4.4433 and has an r2 value of 0.6145. Linear modeling with respect to the distance from the infraorbital margin to the IOF however was poor with regard to goodness‐of‐fit (r2 = 0.1636). The distance from the infraorbital foramen at 5 months intrauterine age was 2.9mm while, at one year post‐natal was 3.4mm (difference = 0.5mm) and therefore represents little change in maxillary growth in that dimension. On the other hand distance from the lateral aperture at 5 months development was 5.3 mm and at one year was 7.6mm (difference = 2.3mm). The results of this study suggest that the IOF location can be approximated, particularly with regard to the distance from the lateral aperture as a function of age. The results of the study will help to optimize infraorbital nerve block in young patients recovering from cleft‐lip surgery.Support or Funding InformationWV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Quercetin hydrate promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro
Authors: Wyche Deanna , Walewska Klaudia , Belcher Joyce 
Published: June 2021

Bone formation by osteoblast cells and osteoclastic bone resorption must be coupled throughout a lifetime to maintain homeostasis of the human skeleton. However as a normal part of the aging process, bone mass begins to decline due to enhanced osteoclasts activity. Osteoblast differentiation progresses through stages of cell proliferation, matrix deposition, and matrix mineralization. The identification of agents, which could regulate bone balance on the cellular level, would have potential therapeutic applications to regulate skeletal disorders. Quercetin hydrate (QH) is a non‐citrus flavonoid that has been previously been studied in its role as an antioxidant. Our study aimed to evaluate the direct effects of QH on osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. QH was added to the pre‐osteoblastic cell lines MC3T3‐E1 and MG‐63 at two concentrations. Cell proliferation and toxicity were assessed at 3 and 7 days of QH treatment via biochemical assays. Cell cultures were differentiated in vitro to 14 and 21 days with osteogenic media and stained to visualize matrix deposition and calcium/phosphate mineral maturation. Alkaline phosphatase was assessed at days 14 and 21 to assess osteoblast enzyme activity and function. Cultures treated with QH showed significant increase in cell proliferation and viability at both treatment doses. In response to QH treatment, there were no toxic effects observed. We observed more mineral matrix staining in QH‐treated cultures compared to untreated control. Von Kossa and Alizarin Red staining demonstrated enhanced osteoblast matrix deposition and mineralization associated with QH treatment. We observed an increase in Alkaline Phosphatase enzyme activity with QH treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest QH has the ability to promote osteoblast cell differentiation, matrix organization and maturation in vitro and could potentially promote skeletal health by acting in a bone anabolic fashion.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.