bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Mycotoxin Detection in Food
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wu Huimin , Tang Xiaoqian , Zhang Zhaowei , Li Peiwu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMycotoxins pose a grave global threat to human life and health by contaminating food and feed and cause enormous losses in healthcare and trading. Trace mycotoxin concentrations and diverse matrices in food make identification and measurement challenges, necessitating highly specific and sensitive detection methods. Electrochemical (EC) sensors are characterized by simple operation, outstanding sensitivity, low cost, and facile miniaturization and have become a promising strategy for addressing specificity and sensitivity in detection. Recent studies on EC sensors for mycotoxin detection for food safety are reviewed here. First, we summarize the fabrication of EC sensors and techniques with enhanced specificity and sensitivity. Then, we review state‐of‐the‐art EC sensors for detecting major mycotoxins. Challenges and opportunities for this technology are further discussed. Finally, in‐depth information is provided on using EC sensors to detect mycotoxins for food safety, as well as the development of EC sensors for academic study and practical application.
COVID‐19 sniffer dog experimental training: Which protocol and which implications for reliable sidentification?
Authors: Angeletti Silvia , Travaglino Francesco , Spoto Silvia , Pascarella Maria Chiara , Mansi Giorgia , De Cesaris Marina , Sartea Silvia , Giovanetti Marta , Fogolari Marta , Plescia Davide , Macera Massimiliano , Incalzi Raffaele Antonelli , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe introduction of trained sniffer dogs for COVID‐19 detection could be an opportunity, as previously described for other diseases. Dogs could be trained to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the whiff of COVID‐19. Dogs involved in the study were three, one male and two females from different breeds, Black German Shepherd, German Shepherd, and Dutch Shepherd. The training was performed using sweat samples from SARS‐CoV2 positive patients and from SARS‐Cov2 free patients admitted at the University Hospital Campus Bio‐medico of Rome. Gauze with sweat was collected in a glass jar with a metal top and put in metal boxes used for dog training. The dog training protocol was performed in two phases: the olfactory conditioning and the olfactory discrimination research. The training planning was focused on the switch moment for the sniffer dog, the moment when the dog was able to identify VOCs specific for COVID‐19. At this time, the dog was able to identify VOCs specific for COVID‐19 with significant reliability, in terms of the number of correct versus incorrect (p < 0.0001) reporting. In conclusion, this protocol could provide a useful tool for sniffer dogs' training and their introduction in a mass screening context. It could be cheaper and faster than a conventional testing method.
Chemical-potential-assisted particle production in FRW spacetimes
Authors: Sou Chon Man , Tong Xi , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyze gravitational particle production assisted by chemical potential. By utilizing the uniformly smoothed Stokes-line method and Borel summation, we gain insight into the fine-grained history of enhanced particle production. Analytic/semi-analytic formulae describing the production amount, time and width are obtained for both spin-1 and spin-1/2 particles in various FRW spacetimes. Our work also serves as a concrete demonstration of the uniformly smoothed Stokes-line method applied to cosmology.
Ökonomische Auswirkung der COVID-19-Pandemie in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie
Authors: Binder Johannes , Brunner Maximilian , Maak Matthias , Denz Axel , Weber Georg F. , Grützmann Robert , Krautz Christian 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bereits während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden die deutschen Krankenhäuser dazu aufgefordert, ihre elektiven Operationskapazitäten einzuschränken, um eine Überlastung des Gesundheitswesens abzuwenden. Im März 2020 wurden mit dem COVID-19-Krankenhausentlastungsgesetz finanzielle Hilfen zum Ausgleich dieser Einschränkungen vereinbart. Die Auswirkungen dieser Maßnahmen wurden in dieser Studie regional untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden die Leistungsdaten und Erlöskennzahlen der Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen (UKER) und der Chirurgischen Abteilung des Kreiskrankenhauses St. Anna Höchstadt/Aisch (KKH) im Zeitraum 01.04. bis 30.06.2019 mit denen des Jahres 2020 verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigte sich eine deutliche Reduktion der Bettenauslastung und der Fallzahlen stationär behandelter Patienten. Letztere sanken um 20,06 % im UKER bzw. 60,76 % im KKH. Nichtonkologische elektive Operationen nahmen um 33,04 % (UKER) bzw. 60,87 % (KKH) ab. Die Anzahl der Notfalleingriffe blieb am UKER unverändert und verringerte sich am KKH um 51,58 %.Die Erlöse aus DRG („diagnosis-related groups“) sanken um 22,12 % (UKER) und 54 % (KKH). Nach Berücksichtigung der Ausgleichszahlungen und Einsparungen aus variablen Sachkosten verzeichnete das UKER einen Verlust von −3,87 %, das KKH erreichte hingegen einen positiven Erlöseffekt von 6,5 %.

Diskussion
Die nichtselektive Einschränkung des elektiven Operationsbetriebs beeinflusste die Patientenversorgung und die Erlöskennzahlen an beiden Standorten signifikant. In Bezug auf die Schaffung von Intensivkapazitäten erscheint diese ungezielte Maßnahme jedoch nicht effizient. Zudem führte die einheitliche Freihaltepauschale zu einer unausgeglichenen Verteilung der finanziellen Hilfen zwischen den untersuchten Kliniken.
Association between cerebral perfusion and paediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome after posterior fossa surgery—a systematic review
Authors: Ahmadian Narjes , van Baarsen K. M. , Robe P. A. J. T. , Hoving E. W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Paediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (ppCMS) is a common complication following the resection of a cerebellar tumour in children. It is hypothesized that loss of integrity of the cerebellar output tracts results in a cerebello-cerebral “diaschisis” and reduced function of supratentorial areas of the brain.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines, in order to evaluate the evidence for hypoperfusion or hypofunction in the cerebral hemispheres in patients with ppCMS. Articles were selected based on the predefined eligibility criteria and quality assessment.

Results
Five studies were included, consisting of three prospective cohort studies, one retrospective cohort study and one retrospective case control study. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion MRI, dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were used to measure the cerebral and cerebellar tissue perfusion or metabolic activity. Reduced cerebral perfusion was predominantly demonstrated in the frontal lobe.

Conclusions
This systematic review shows that, after posterior fossa tumour resection, cerebral perfusion is reduced in ppCMS patients compared to patients without ppCMS. Well-powered prospective studies, including preoperative imaging, are needed to ascertain the cause and role of hypoperfusion in the pathophysiology of the syndrome.
Metabolic cost in healthy fit older adults and young adults during overground and treadmill walking
Authors: Das Gupta Sauvik , Bobbert Maarten , Faber Herre , Kistemaker Dinant 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether net metabolic cost of walking is affected by age per se.

Methods
We selected 10 healthy, active older adults (mean age 75 years) and 10 young adults (mean age 26 years), and determined their preferred overground walking speed. On the same day, in a morning and afternoon session, we had them walk at that speed overground and on a treadmill while we measured oxygen consumption rate. From the latter we subtracted the rate in sitting and calculated net metabolic cost.

Results
Anthropometrics were not different between the groups nor was preferred walking speed (1.27 m s−1 both groups). There was no difference in net metabolic cost of overground walking between older and young adults (e.g., in the morning 2.64 and 2.56 J kg−1 m−1, respectively, p > 0.05). In the morning session, net metabolic cost of walking was higher on the treadmill than overground in our older adults by 0.6 J kg−1 m−1 (p < 0.05), but not in young adults.

Conclusion
First, there is no effect of age per se on metabolic cost of overground walking. Second, older adults tend to have higher metabolic cost of walking on a treadmill than walking overground at preferred speed, and adaptation may take a long time. The commonly reported age-related elevation of metabolic cost of walking may be due to confounding factors causing preferred walking speed to be lower in older adults, and/or due to older adults reacting differently to treadmill walking than young adults.
Effekt der COVID-19-Pandemie und des Lockdowns auf die Inzidenz von Herzinfarktpatienten in Deutschland – Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse
Authors: Rattka Manuel , Dreyhaupt Jens , Winsauer Claudia , Stuhler Lina , Baumhardt Michael , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Imhof Armin 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit dem Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde weltweit über das Phänomen der rückläufigen Einweisungen von Herzinfarktpatienten berichtet. In dieser Metaanalyse wird die Häufigkeit der Vorstellungen von STEMI- und NSTEMI-Patienten in Deutschland während und vor der COVID-19-Pandemie analysiert.

Methoden
Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche mit den Suchbegriffen „COVID“ und „myocardial infarction“ oder „STEMI“ oder „NSTEMI“ und „Germany“ in PubMed, Web of Science und Embase.

Ergebnisse
Basierend auf unserer Suchstrategie, konnten aus 40 identifizierten Studien 5 in unsere Metaanalyse aufgenommen werden. Diese ergab, dass die Häufigkeit der Krankenhauseinweisungen von Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt in Deutschland während der Pandemie signifikant reduziert war (Inzidenzratenverhältnis [Incidence Rate Ratio, IRR] = 0,849, 95%-Konfidenzintervall: 0,827–0,872). Dies traf sowohl auf Patienten mit STEMI (IRR = 0,875, 95%-Konfidenzintervall: 0,837–0,914) als auch auf Patienten mit NSTEMI (IRR = 0,760, 95%-Konfidenzintervall: 0,633–0,911) zu.

Schlussfolgerung
In der vorliegenden Metaanalyse konnten wir zeigen, dass auch in Deutschland während der COVID-19-Pandemie die Häufigkeit der Krankenhauseinweisungen von Herzinfarktpatienten drastisch rückläufig war. Während der noch andauernden Pandemie ist es essenziell, die Bevölkerung weiterhin über die Symptome eines Herzinfarktes und die Dringlichkeit der akuten medizinischen Versorgung zu informieren und aufzuklären, um einer potenziellen Gefährdung von Herzinfarktpatienten vorzubeugen.
Experimental study of one-step economical retarded sandstone acid
Authors: Yang FuLin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate a new acid combination of HEDP: CH3COOH as a retarded acid to minimize some limitations of high-temperature sandstone acidizing, such as fast acid-rock reaction and secondary precipitation pipeline corrosion. In this work, the acid–base titration, core-powder solubility test, scale deposition test, corrosion rate measurement and corefloods were carried out to evaluate the performances of the acid combination, including acidity characteristics, retarded performance, preventing scale rate, corrosivity and improving permeability. And then the microstructure and mineral content in sandstone samples were observed and analyzed with SEM–EDS. The results of evaluation tests indicated that the new acid combination has excellent performances on retarded rate, preventing scale deposition, permeability enhancement and lower corrosivity, comparing with conventional mud acid. The results of SEM and EDS showed that the microstructure and mineral content of sandstone changed after acid treatment. Compared with mud acid, the new acid system can react more with small particles on sandstone surface and less with the skeleton of samples and the decrease in the contents of Mg, Al, Na, K, Ca and Fe is relatively lower.
Imagine a school: Children draw and explain the ideal environmental school
Authors: Gal Adiv , Gan Dafna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing drawings and accompanying written and oral explanations by third- and sixth-grade students, this phenomenological study is an examination of the children’s perception of the ideal environmental school. Analysis of the 128 features in the drawing yielded four categories: (1) physical – with natural areas and outdoor learning, (2) cognitive – core subjects and environmental ones, (3) emotional – the students’ feelings and the spaces for releasing stress and energy and (4) educational – environmental education (EE) includes a variety of pedagogies, features of nature and environmental solutions. While the drawings and explanations presented the school as the children know it, without boundary-breaking imagination and creativity, they also showed a desire for a positive school atmosphere, defined as essential to holistic EE and to leading environmental change. The positive atmosphere, nature and the environmental spaces can be the foundation of developing EE that is not fear based, which often generates helplessness and prevents action. The recommendations emphasise the need to enhance positive thinking and not to focus only on fear tactics as a means to enhance holistic EE and protect the environment.
A Jar of Shaykhs’ Teeth: Medicine, Politics, and the Fragments of History in Kuwait
Authors: Goffman Laura Frances 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines ʿAbd al-Ilah al-Qinaʿi's early 20th-century melding of local, imperial, and transoceanic health practices alongside his 21st-century reemergence as a protonational Kuwaiti doctor. In the early 20th century, geographically and ideologically expansive horizons of health care fostered the emergence of hybrid medical practices. Facilitated by his access to multiple medical spheres and his proximity to Kuwait's rulers, ʿAbd al-Ilah was uniquely positioned to meet the demands of health-seeking consumers. In the 21st century, Kuwaitis' search for a national history that naturalizes claims to citizenship has resulted in ʿAbd al-Ilah's new designation as Kuwait's first doctor. Both processes—the interplay between local cultures of health and emergent institutions and the imagining of medical history as a nativist teleology—demonstrate how health-seeking and history-writing efforts of a range of historical actors have placed medicine at the center of politics in Kuwait.
mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq profiling analyses reveal molecular mechanisms regulating induction of fruiting body in Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Zhang Han , Yue Pan , Tong Xinxin , Bai Jing , Yang Jingyan , Guo Jinlin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOphiocordyceps sinensishas been a source of valuable materials in traditional Asian medicine for over two thousand years. With recent global warming and overharvest, however, the availability of these wild fungi has decreased dramatically. While fruiting body ofO. sinensishas been artificially cultivated, the molecular mechanisms that govern the induction of fruiting body at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels are unclear. In this study, we carried out both mRNA and small RNA sequencing to identify crucial genes and miRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) involved in the development of fruiting body. A total of 2875 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 71 differentially expressed milRNAs (DEMs) were identified among the mycoparasite complex, the sclerotium (ST) and the fruiting body stage. Functional enrichment and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that the ST had increased oxidative stress and energy metabolism and that mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling might induce the formation of fruiting body. Integrated analysis of DEGs and DEMs revealed that n_os_milR16, n_os_milR21, n_os_milR34, and n_os_milR90 could be candidate milRNAs that regulate the induction of fruiting body. This study provides transcriptome-wide insight into the molecular basis of fruiting body formation inO. Sinensisand identifies potential candidate genes for improving induction rate.
The risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma following SARS-CoV family infection
Authors: Ebrahimi Sadrabadi Amin , Bereimipour Ahmad , Jalili Arsalan , Gholipurmalekabadi Mazaher , Farhadihosseinabadi Behrouz , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCOVID 19 disease has become a global catastrophe over the past year that has claimed the lives of over two million people around the world. Despite the introduction of vaccines against the disease, there is still a long way to completely eradicate it. There are concerns about the complications following infection with SARS-CoV-2. This research aimed to evaluate the possible correlation between infection with SARS-CoV viruses and cancer in an in-silico study model. To do this, the relevent dataset was selected from GEO database. Identification of differentially expressed genes among defined groups including SARS-CoV, SARS-dORF6, SARS-BatSRBD, and H1N1 were screened where the |Log FC| ≥ 1and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Later, the pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) were used by Enrichr and Shiny GO databases. Evaluation with STRING online was applied to predict the functional interactions of proteins, followed by Cytoscape analysis to identify the master genes. Finally, analysis with GEPIA2 server was carried out to reveal the possible correlation between candidate genes and cancer development. The results showed that the main molecular function of up- and down-regulated genes was “double-stranded RNA binding” and actin-binding, respectively. STRING and Cytoscape analysis presented four genes, PTEN, CREB1, CASP3, and SMAD3 as the key genes involved in cancer development. According to TCGA database results, these four genes were up-regulated notably in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Our findings suggest that pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most probably malignancy happening after infection with SARS-CoV family.
Effects of large herbivore grazing on relics of the presumed mammoth steppe in the extreme climate of NE-Siberia
Authors: Reinecke Jennifer , Ashastina Kseniia , Kienast Frank , Troeva Elena , Wesche Karsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Siberian mammoth steppe ecosystem changed dramatically with the disappearance of large grazers in the Holocene. The concept of Pleistocene rewilding is based on the idea that large herbivore grazing significantly alters plant communities and can be employed to recreate lost ecosystems. On the other hand, modern rangeland ecology emphasizes the often overriding importance of harsh climates. We visited two rewilding projects and three rangeland regions, sampling a total of 210 vegetation relevés in steppe and surrounding vegetation (grasslands, shrublands and forests) along an extensive climatic gradient across Yakutia, Russia. We analyzed species composition, plant traits, diversity indices and vegetation productivity, using partial canonical correspondence and redundancy analysis. Macroclimate was most important for vegetation composition, and microclimate for the occurrence of extrazonal steppes. Macroclimate and soil conditions mainly determined productivity of vegetation. Bison grazing was responsible for small-scale changes in vegetation through trampling, wallowing and debarking, thus creating more open and disturbed plant communities, soil compaction and xerophytization. However, the magnitude of effects depended on density and type of grazers as well as on interactions with climate and site conditions. Effects of bison grazing were strongest in the continental climate of Central Yakutia, and steppes were generally less affected than meadows. We conclude that contemporary grazing overall has rather limited effects on vegetation in northeastern Siberia. Current rewilding practices are still far from recreating a mammoth steppe, although large herbivores like bison can create more open and drier vegetation and increase nutrient availability in particular in the more continental Central Yakutian Plain.
Predictive modeling of parafoveal information processing during reading
Authors: Seelig Stefan , Risse Sarah , Engbert Ralf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSkilled reading requires information processing of the fixated and the not-yet-fixated words to generate precise control of gaze. Over the last 30 years, experimental research provided evidence that word processing is distributed across the perceptual span, which permits recognition of the fixated (foveal) word as well as preview of parafoveal words to the right of fixation. However, theoretical models have been unable to differentiate the specific influences of foveal and parafoveal information on saccade control. Here we show how parafoveal word difficulty modulates spatial and temporal control of gaze in a computational model to reproduce experimental results. In a fully Bayesian framework, we estimated model parameters for different models of parafoveal processing and carried out large-scale predictive simulations and model comparisons for a gaze-contingent reading experiment. We conclude that mathematical modeling of data from gaze-contingent experiments permits the precise identification of pathways from parafoveal information processing to gaze control, uncovering potential mechanisms underlying the parafoveal contribution to eye-movement control.
Impact of rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene on susceptibility of polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri women
Authors: Ashraf Sairish , Rasool Shayaq Ul Abeer , Nabi Mudasar , Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Masoodi Shariq R. , Amin Shajrul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder in pre-menopausal women having complex pathophysiology. Several candidate genes have been shown to have association with PCOS. CYP19 gene encodes a key steroidogenic enzyme involved in conversion of androgens into estrogens. Previous studies have reported contradictory results with regard to association of SNP rs2414096 in CYP19 gene with PCOS and hyperandrogenism in different ethnic populations. Present study was aimed to investigate the impact of SNP rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene on susceptibility of PCOS and hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri women. Further we also studied the genotypic-phenotypic association for various clinical and biochemical parameters of this polymorphism. Case control study. 394 PCOS cases diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam criteria and age matched 306 healthy women. We found a significant differences in genotypic frequency (χ2 = 18.91, p < 0.05) as well as allele frequency (OR 0.63, CI 0.51–0.78, χ2 = 17.66, p < 0.05) between PCOS women and controls. The genotype–phenotype correlation analysis showed a significant difference in FG score (p = 0.047) and alopecia (p = 0.045) between the three genotypes. Also, the androgen excess markers like DHEAS (p < 0.001), Androstenedione (p < 0.001), Testosterone (p < 0.001) and FAI (p = 0.005) were significantly elevated in GG genotype and showed a significant difference in additive model in PCOS women. rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene is associated with the risk of PCOS as well as with clinical and biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism, hence suggesting its role in clinical manifestations of PCOS in Kashmiri women.