bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FHY3 interacts with phytochrome B and regulates seed dormancy and germination
Authors: Liu Shuangrong , Yang Liwen , Li Jialong , Tang Weijiang , Li Jigang , Lin Rongcheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination are fundamental processes for plant propagation, both of which are tightly regulated by internal and external cues. Phytochrome B (phyB) is a major red/far-red-absorbing photoreceptor that senses light signals that modulate seed dormancy and germination. However, the components that directly transduce that signal downstream of phyB are mostly unknown. Here, we show that the transposase-derived transcription factor FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) inhibits seed dormancy and promotes phyB-mediated seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. FHY3 physically interacts with phyB in vitro and in vivo. RNA-sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that FHY3 regulates multiple downstream genes, including REVEILLE2 (RVE2), RVE7, and SPATULA (SPT). Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoresis mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that FHY3 directly binds these genes via a conserved FBS cis-element in their promoters. Furthermore, RVE2, RVE7, and GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE 2 (GA3ox2) genetically act downstream of FHY3. Strikingly, light and phyB promote FHY3 protein accumulation. Our study reveals a transcriptional cascade consisting of phyB-FHY3-RVE2/RVE7/SPT-GA3ox2 that relays environmental light signals and thereby controls seed dormancy and germination.
Sensory, Motor, and Psychosocial Characteristics of Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain: A Case Control Study
Authors: Rampazo Érika Patrícia , da Silva Viviane Ribeiro , de Andrade Ana Laura Martins , Back Cláudio Gregório Nuernberg , Madeleine Pascal , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Liebano Richard Eloin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
Given the complex and unclear etiology of neck pain, it is important to understand the differences in central sensitization as well as psychosocial factors in individuals with chronic neck pain and healthy controls. The purpose of this study was to benchmark differences in central sensitization, psychosocial factors, and range of motion between people with nonspecific chronic neck pain and healthy controls and to analyze the correlation between pain intensity, neck disability, and psychosocial factors in people with chronic neck pain.

Methods
Thirty individuals with chronic neck pain and 30 healthy controls were included in this case–control study. Outcome measures were as follows: central sensitization (pressure pain threshold, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation), psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life), and active cervical range of motion.

Results
People with neck pain had lower local pressure pain threshold, a decrease in conditioned pain modulation, more depressive symptoms, greater pain catastrophizing, lower quality of life, and reduced range of motion for neck rotation compared with healthy controls. In people with neck pain, moderate correlations were observed between pain intensity and quality of life (ρ = −0.479), disability and pain catastrophizing (ρ = 0.379), and disability and quality of life (ρ = −0.456).

Conclusion
People with neck pain have local hyperalgesia, impaired conditioning pain modulation, depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, low quality of life, and reduced active range of motion during neck rotation, which should be taken into account during assessment and treatment.

Impact
This study shows that important outcomes, such as central sensitization and psychosocial factors, should be considered during assessment and treatment of individuals with nonspecific chronic neck pain. In addition, pain intensity and neck disability are correlated with psychosocial factors.
Predictors of UK healthcare worker burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ferry A V , Wereski R , Strachan F E , Mills N L 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is putting health professionals under increasing pressure. This population is already acknowledged to be at risk of burnout.

Aim
We aim to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the levels of burnout, anxiety, depression and distress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We distributed an online survey via social media in June 2020 open to any UK healthcare worker. The primary outcome measure was symptoms of burnout measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety, distress and subjective measures of stress were also recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with burnout, depression, anxiety and distress.

Results
A total of 539 persons responded to the survey; 90% female and 53% nurses. Participants with moderate-to-severe burnout were younger (49% vs. 33% under 40 years, P = 0.004), more likely to have pre-existing comorbidities (21% vs. 12%, P = 0.031), twice as likely to have been redeployed from their usual role (22% vs. 11%; P = 0.042), or to work in an area dedicated to COVID-19 patients (50% vs. 32%, P &lt; 0.001) and were almost 4 times more likely to have previous depression (24% vs. 7%; P = 0.012).

Conclusion
Independent predictors of burnout were being younger, redeployment, exposure to patients with COVID-19, being female and a history of depression. Evaluation of existing psychological support interventions is required with targeted approaches to ensure support is available to those most at risk.
Quality evaluation of the underlying evidence in the updated treatment recommendations for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yavne Yarden , Edel Yonatan , Berman Julia , Eviatar Tali , Shepshelovich Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disorder known for its broad clinical spectrum. Recently, the European, British and Latin American rheumatology professional societies [EULAR, British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) and Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR)] published updated recommendations for SLE management. The objective of this study was to characterize the data supporting the updated recommendations, with the goal of highlighting areas that could benefit from additional high-quality research.

Methods
References were compiled from the recently published EULAR, BSR and PANLAR SLE treatment recommendations. Data collected from each study included publication year, treatment regimen, study design, sample size, inclusion and exclusion criteria and relevant SLE diagnostic criteria. Studies with less than 10 patients and those that did not specify the SLE diagnostic criteria used were excluded.

Results
Altogether, 250 studies were included in this study. The majority were prospective and retrospective cohorts (72%), with only a small percentage of randomized controlled trials (28%). The median (interquartile range) number of patients included was 37 (19–86). The revised ACR 1982 criteria were the most commonly used criteria for SLE diagnosis (52%), followed by the revised ACR criteria from 1997 (27%). Only a small proportion of studies included the use of disease activity scores when defining study population (15%).

Conclusion
Our study has indicated a scarcity of sufficiently powered high-quality research referenced in the recently published SLE treatment guidelines. Well-designed large-scale studies utilizing the updated 2019 SLE diagnostic criteria are needed to better inform healthcare professionals caring for patients with SLE.
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoite genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells among patients with toxoplasmic chorioretinitis
Authors: Khanaliha Khadijeh , Hedayatfar Alireza , Minaeian Sara , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Alemzadeh Sayyed Amirpooya , Garshasbi Saba , Fagheei Aghmiyuni Zeinab , Salemi Borna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis may occur as a result of acquired toxoplasmosis or reactivated congenital toxoplasmosis. In this study, Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoite genes along with the B1 gene were evaluated to detect T. gondii DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with toxoplasmic chorioretinitis.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from 10 patients (7 cases of active chorioretinal lesions and 3 cases of old chorioretinal scars). The genomic DNA was extracted from the patients’ serum and PBMCs and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed using bradyzoite genes along with B1. The subjects were also evaluated in terms of the T. gondii antibodies.

Results
The PCR results were positive in four of seven patients (57.1%) with active ocular toxoplasmosis lesions. In three patients (42.8%), the PCR results were positive for MAG-1 and SAG-4 and in one patient (14.3%) the PCR results were only positive for the B1 gene. The PCR results were positive only in the PBMCs, whereas they were negative in the serum samples. Two patients with positive PCR results showed high Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titres. However, none of the patients showed positive Toxoplasma IgM antibodies.

Conclusions
The PBMCs are suitable for evaluating toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. The present results showed that PCR with bradyzoite genes is useful in the diagnosis of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis in PBMCs.
Psychosocial factors related to BRCA1/2 disclosures
Authors: Timbs Mayanith 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Patients who learn they carry breast cancer genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) must decide if, when, and how they want to disclose this information to family members who may be affected. This article discusses the psychosocial factors that may influence patient decisions to disclose positive BRCA1/2 results to family members, as well as the role of nurses in educating and advocating for patients and their families.
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Codes Fail to Accurately Identify Injection Drug Use Associated Endocarditis Cases
Authors: Barnes Erin , Peacock James , Bachmann Laura 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
Infective endocarditis (IE) secondary to injection drug use (IDU-IE) is a disease with high morbidity, cost, and rapid demographic evolution. Studies frequently utilize combinations of International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify IDU-IE cases in electronic medical records. This is a validation of this identification strategy in a US cohort.

Methods:
Records from January 1, 2004 to September 31, 2015 for those aged ≥18yo with any ICD-coded IE encounter (inpatient or outpatient) were retrieved from the electronic medical record and then manually reviewed and classified as IDU-IE by strict and inclusive criteria. This registry was then used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of 10 identification algorithms that combined substance use, hepatitis C, and IE ICD codes.

Results:
IE was present in 629 of the 2055 manually reviewed records; 109 reported IDU within 3 months of IE diagnosis and an additional 32 during their lifetime (141 cases). In contrast, no algorithm identified more than 46 (33%) of these cases. Algorithms assessing encounters with both an IE and substance use code had specificities >99% but sensitivities ≤11% with negative predictive values of 83% to 84% and positive predictive values ranging from 75% to 91%. Use of a hepatitis C OR substance use code with an IE-coded encounter resulted in higher sensitivities of 22% to 32% but more false positives and overall positive predictive value of <70%. This algorithm limited to age ≤45yo had the best, but still low, discrimination ability with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.62.

Conclusion:
Substance use and hepatitis C codes have poor ability to accurately classify an IE-coded encounter as IDU-IE or routine IE.
Assessing Stigma Towards Substance Use in Pregnancy: A Randomized Study Testing the Impact of Stigmatizing Language and Type of Opioid Use on Attitudes Toward Mothers With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Schiff Davida M. , Stoltman Jonathan J.K. , Nielsen Timothy C. , Myers Sara , Nolan Moira , Terplan Mishka , Patrick Stephen W. , Wilens Timothy E. , Kelly John 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To examine the extent to which colloquial phrases used to describe opioid-exposed mother-infant dyads affects attitudes toward mothers with opioid use disorder (OUD) to assess the role stigmatizing language may have on the care of mothers with OUD.

Methods:
We employed a randomized, cross-sectional, case vignette of an opioid-exposed dyad, varying on 2 factors: (1) language to describe newborn (“substance-exposed newborn” vs “addicted baby”) and (2) type of maternal opioid use (injection heroin vs nonmedical use of prescription opioids). Participants were recruited using an online survey platform. Substance-related stigma, punitive-blaming, and supportive scales were constructed to assess attitudes. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to determine mean scale differences by vignette. Posthoc analyses assessed individual item-level differences.

Results:
Among 1227 respondents, we found a small statistical difference between language and opioid type factors for the supportive scale only (F = 4.31, η

2
= .004, P = 0.038), with greater agreement with supportive statements when describing injection heroin use, compared to prescription opioid use, for the “substance-exposed newborn” vignette only. In posthoc analyses, greater than 85% of respondents agreed the mother was “responsible for her opioid use,” her “addiction was caused by poor choices,” and that she “put her baby in danger.”

Conclusions:
We found no major differences in attitudes regardless of vignette received. Overall, respondents supported opportunities for maternal recovery yet blamed women, describing mothers as culpable for causing harm to their newborn, showcasing internally conflicting views. These views could contribute to ongoing stigma and avoidance of care among pregnant women with OUD.
Statewide Availability of Buprenorphine/Naloxone in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Pham Susie , Haigh Alexandra , Barrett Eileen 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
Evaluate the availability of buprenorphine/naloxone for inpatients with opioid use disorder in a state's acute care hospitals.

Methods:
An audit study of all acute care hospitals in New Mexico was performed. Hospitals were surveyed on the availability of buprenorphine/naloxone on their inpatient formularies and their ability to obtain buprenorphine/naloxone within 1 day should a patient need it.

Results:
Of the surveyed hospitals, 45.5% did not have buprenorphine/naloxone on their inpatient formularies. Of the 26 counties in New Mexico with acute care hospitals, 10 did not have buprenorphine/naloxone available for inpatients. Three of these counties have drug overdose death rates equal to or higher than the state average.

Conclusions:
In 1 predominately rural state with an opioid overdose death rate higher than the national average, approximately half of acute care hospitals had buprenorphine/naloxone available to patients on their inpatient formulary. Efforts to increase buprenorphine/naloxone availability in hospitals are needed, particularly in rural areas where there may not be other locations to access treatment for opioid use disorder.
Real-World Experience With Antiplatelet Agents After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With an Indication for an Oral Anticoagulant
Authors: Tanner Richard , Cronin Michael , Macken Lilly , Murphy Ross , Maree Andrew O. , Ullah Ihsan , Cosgrave John , O'Connor Stephen , Daly Caroline 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a clinical indication for oral anticoagulation (OAC) in addition to antiplatelet therapy (APT) necessitate rigorous evaluation of bleeding and ischemic risk to guide therapy. The optimal OAC/APT drug combination and duration of treatment is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of patients undergoing PCI with an OAC indication and the rationale for post-PCI combined OAC/APT selection in clinical practice. Consecutive patients undergoing PCI with an indication for combined OAC/APT were included in a 12-month retrospective case series. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, prescribed OAC/APT regimens, and rationale for drug selection were reviewed. PCI was performed in 1650 patients during the study period, with an indication for OAC/APT in 133 (8.1%). A combination of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitor, and OAC was the most frequently prescribed regime on discharge (n = 103, 81%). Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in combination with OAC was continued for a mean duration of 6.4 ± 4.4 weeks (range 3–52 weeks) before one antiplatelet was discontinued. There was no significant difference between the mean CHA2DS2-VASc or HAS-BLED score of patients with atrial fibrillation discharged on OAC/DAPT compared with alternate combinations (DAPT alone or OAC/single APT), 3.6 ± 1.3 versus 3.8 ± 1, P = 0.37 and 2.04 ± 0.7 versus 2.05 ± 1.0, P = 0.98, respectively. This case series identifies high variability in OAC/APT treatment duration and limited application of risk scoring systems and high-risk PCI characteristics in the selection of OAC/APT regimens. A more systematic patient assessment is needed to help standardize OAC/APT prescribing for this important patient cohort.
Exosomes-Mediated LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 Facilitates Cell Injuries by miR-590-5p/ETS1 Axis Through the TGF-β/Smad Pathway in Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Chen Difang , Wang Kunwei , Zheng Yan , Wang Guangyu , Jiang Mei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-induced inflammation of the vessel wall. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein was confirmed to drive the onset of atherogenesis. Zinc finger e-box–binding homeobox 1 antisense 1 (ZEB1-AS1) is a long noncoding RNA that is involved in human diseases, including atherosclerosis. In this study, the role of exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 and its underlying mechanisms in atherosclerosis were explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exosomes were extracted from HUVECs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure the expression of ZEB1-AS1, microRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p), or erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1) in cells or exosomes. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect apoptosis-related factors, ETS1, and TGF-β/Smad pathway protein levels. The secretion of inflammatory factors in supernatant was detected by ELISA assay. Oxidative stress damage indicators were used to assess cellular damage. Relationship between miR-590-5p and ZEB1-AS1 or ETS1 was analyzed. Our data indicated that ox-LDL–induced exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 in HUVECs. Ox-LDL treatment resulted in limited proliferation, proapoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage, whereas knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 could reverse these effects. Mechanically, ZEB1-AS1 sponged miR-590-5p to regulate ETS1 expression. MiR-590-5p knockdown inverted effects above of si-ZEB1-AS1 on HUVECs under ox-LDL exposure. Moreover, ETS1 reversed miR-590-5p–induced effects and activated the TGF-β/Smad pathway in ox-LDL–treated HUVECs. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 enhanced cell injuries by miR-590-5p/ETS1 axis through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in ox-LDL–induced HUVECs, suggesting that inhibiting ZEB1-AS1 might be an effective way for atherosclerosis treatment.
Revisiting the Evidence for Dipyridamole in Reducing Restenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Simard Trevor , Motazedian Pouya , Dhaliwal Shan , Di Santo Pietro , Jung Richard G. , Ramirez Francisco Daniel , Labinaz Alisha , Short Spencer , Parlow Simon , Joseph Joanne , Rasheed Adil , Rockley Mark , Marbach Jeffrey , Domecq Marie-Cecile , Russo Juan J. , Chong Aun-Yeong , Beanlands Rob S. , Hibbert Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with revascularization remaining a cornerstone of management. Conventional revascularization modalities remain challenged by target vessel reocclusion—an event driven by mechanical, thrombotic, and proliferative processes. Despite considerable advancements, restenosis remains the focus of ongoing research. Adjunctive agents, including dipyridamole, offer a multitude of effects that may improve vascular homeostasis. We sought to quantify the potential therapeutic impact of dipyridamole on vascular occlusion. We performed a literature search (EMBASE and MEDLINE) examining studies that encompassed 3 areas: (1) one of the designated medical therapies applied in (2) the setting of a vascular intervention with (3) an outcome including vascular occlusion rates and/or quantification of neointimal proliferation/restenosis. The primary outcome was vascular occlusion rates. The secondary outcome was the degree of restenosis by neointimal quantification. Both human and animal studies were included in this translational analysis. There were 6,839 articles screened, from which 73 studies were included, encompassing 16,146 vessels followed up for a mean of 327.3 days (range 7–3650 days). Preclinical studies demonstrate that dipyridamole results in reduced vascular occlusion rates {24.9% vs. 48.8%, risk ratio 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.70], I2 = 39%, P < 0.00001}, owing to diminished neointimal proliferation [standardized mean differences −1.13 (95% CI −1.74 to −0.53), I2 = 91%, P = 0.0002]. Clinical studies similarly demonstrated reduced occlusion rates with dipyridamole therapy [23.5% vs. 31.0%, risk ratio 0.77 (95% CI 0.67–0.88), I2 = 84%, P < 0.0001]. Dipyridamole may improve post-intervention vascular patency and mitigate restenosis. Dedicated studies are warranted to delineate its role as an adjunctive agent after revascularization.
Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists: Exploring Role in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Watson Kristin , Kukin Alina , Wasik Allie K. , Shulenberger Christine E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone, plays a role in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular disease states. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in select patient populations. However, use of available steroidal receptor antagonists, eplerenone and spironolactone, is often limited by the risk or development of hyperkalemia. Nonsteroidal MRAs have been designed to overcome this limitation. The nonsteroidal MRAs have been studied in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, hypertension, and to lower the risk of cardiac and renal outcomes in those with type 2 diabetes and renal disease. In this review, the pharmacology of the MRAs is compared, the data evaluating the use of nonsteroidal MRAs are examined, and the place of this new generation of therapy is discussed. At this time, it seems that there could be a future role for nonsteroidal MRAs to reduce the risk of renal outcomes in high-risk individuals.