bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Triglyceride-Glucose Index for Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Jin-Wen , Duan Wen-Hui , Yu Yan-Qiao , Song Lei , Shi Da-Zhuo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) represents a critical regulator in the development and progress of coronary artery disease (CAD). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a novel surrogate biomarker of IR, has been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, we conduct a meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship between TyG index and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CAD.Methods: To identify the studies examining the predictive capacity of the TyG index for adverse cardiovascular events in the setting of CAD, we performed a comprehensive literature retrieval of Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, from the inception of databases to October 5, 2021. We pooled the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) along with 95% CI using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause death, cardiovascular death (CV death), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure, and revascularization. The secondary outcomes were all-cause death, CV death, MI, stroke, and revascularization. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses stratified by diabetes status, age, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), category of TyG index, sample size, follow-up duration, and study design.Results: About 12 studies involving 28,795 patients with CAD were finally taken into the quantitative analysis. Our findings showed that there was a 2.14-fold higher risk of MACEs among CAD populations in the highest TyG group compared with those in the lowest TyG group (HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.69–2.71, P &lt; 0.001). A greater risk of MACEs was observed in participants with higher BMI than those with lower BMI (P = 0.03 for interaction). In the analysis of secondary outcomes, we also observed a markedly increased risk of MI, stroke, and revascularization in the highest TyG group compared with the lowest TyG group. No evidence of a significant association between TyG index and CV mortality or all-cause mortality in patients with CAD was identified.Conclusions: The elevated TyG index is a promising predictive factor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CAD.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021228521.
Seasonal Changes in Arctic Cooling After Single Mega Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhao Chen , Zhu Ling , Liu Jian 
Published: December 2021

To investigate the pure long-term influence of single mega volcanic eruption (SMVE) of universal significance on Arctic temperature changes in summer and winter, the Samalas eruption in Indonesia which is the largest eruption over the past millennium is selected as an ideal eruption for simulation study based on Community Earth System Model. The significant Arctic cooling lasts for 16 years after the Samalas eruption. The obvious Arctic cooling shifts from summer to winter, and this seasonal change of cooling after the SMVE only exists in the high-latitude Arctic region. The cooling range in Arctic summer is larger than that in winter during the first 2 years, due to the strong weakening effect of volcanic aerosol on summer incident solar radiation and the snow-ice positive feedback caused by the rapid expansion of summer sea ice, while the winter sea ice in the same period doesn’t increase obviously. Starting from the third year, the Arctic winter cooling is more intense and lasting than summer cooling. The direct weakening effect of aerosol on solar radiation, which is the main heat source in Arctic summer, is greatly weakened during this period, making summer cooling difficult to sustain. However, as the main heat source in Arctic winter, the sea surface upward longwave radiation, sensible heat, and latent heat transport still maintain a large decrease. Furthermore, sea ice expansion and albedo increase result in the decrease in solar radiation and heat absorbed and stored by the ocean in summer. And the isolation effect of sea ice expansion on air-sea heat transfer in winter during this period makes the heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere correspondingly reduce in winter, thus intensifying the Arctic winter cooling. Additionally, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) changes from the negative phase to the positive phase in summer after the SMVE (such as Samalas), while it is reversed in winter. This phase change of AO is also one of the reasons for the seasonal changes in Arctic cooling.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages: New Horizons for Pituitary Adenoma Researches
Authors: Han Changxi , Lin Shaojian , Lu Xingyu , Xue Li , Wu Zhe Bao 
Published: December 2021

Macrophages are one of the most common infiltrating immune cells and an essential component of tumor microenvironment. Macrophages and the soluble cytokines and chemokines produced play an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis in solid tumors. Despite the multiple studies in other solid tumors, there is little known about macrophages in pituitary adenomas. Recently, studies about pituitary adenoma-infiltrated macrophages have been emerging, including the immunohistochemical and immunophenotypic analysis of the pituitary adenomas and further studies into the mechanism of the crosstalk between macrophages and tumor cellsin vivoandin vitro. These studies have offered us new insights into the polarization of macrophages and its role in tumorigenesis, progression and invasion of pituitary adenomas. This review describes the advances in the field of pituitary adenoma-infiltrated macrophages and the prospect of targeting macrophages as cancer therapy in pituitary adenoma.
Genome-Wide Association and Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveal the Causal Relationship Between White Blood Cell Subtypes and Asthma in Africans
Authors: Soremekun Opeyemi , Soremekun Chisom , Machipisa Tafadzwa , Soliman Mahmoud , Nashiru Oyekanmi , Chikowore Tinashe , Fatumo Segun 
Published: December 2021

Background: White blood cell (WBC) traits and their subtypes such as basophil count (Bas), eosinophil count (Eos), lymphocyte count (Lym), monocyte count (Mon), and neutrophil counts (Neu) are known to be associated with diseases such as stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary heart disease.Methods: We meta-analyze summary statistics from genome-wide association studies in 17,802 participants from the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR) and African ancestry individuals from the Blood Cell Consortium (BCX2) using GWAMA. We further carried out a Bayesian fine mapping to identify causal variants driving the association with WBC subtypes. To access the causal relationship between WBC subtypes and asthma, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary statistics of the Consortium on Asthma among African Ancestry Populations (CAAPA: ncases = 7,009, ncontrol = 7,645) as our outcome phenotype.Results: Our metanalysis identified 269 loci at a genome-wide significant value of (p = 5 × 10−9) in a composite of the WBC subtypes while the Bayesian fine-mapping analysis identified genetic variants that are more causal than the sentinel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We found for the first time five novel genes (LOC126987/MTCO3P14, LINC01525, GAPDHP32/HSD3BP3, FLG-AS1/HMGN3P1, and TRK-CTT13-1/MGST3) not previously reported to be associated with any WBC subtype. Our MR analysis showed that Mon (IVW estimate = 0.38, CI: 0.221, 0.539, p &lt; 0.001), Neu (IVW estimate = 0.189, CI: 0.133, 0.245, p &lt; 0.001), and WBCc (IVW estimate = 0.185, CI: 0.108, 0.262, p &lt; 0.001) are associated with increased risk of asthma. However, there was no evidence of causal relationship between Lym and asthma risk.Conclusion: This study provides insight into the relationship between some WBC subtypes and asthma and potential route in the treatment of asthma and may further inform a new therapeutic approach.
Retinal Microvasculature and Conjunctival Vessel Alterations in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Shi Wen-Qing , Han Ting , Liu Ren , Xia Qiang , Xu Tian , Wang Yan , Cai Shuang , Luo Shui-Lin , Shao Yi , Wu Rui 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the conjunctival and fundus retinal vessel density in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to investigate the relationship between vessel density and clinical indicators.Methods: Twelve patients with SLE (24 eyes) and 12 healthy controls (24 eyes) were recruited. OCTA was used to examine the superficial retina layer (SRL) and deep retina layer (DRL) in the macular retina and conjunctival capillary plexus of each eye. We calculated the density of the temporal conjunctival vessels, fundus microvascular (MIR), macrovascular (MAR) and total MIR(TMI) and compared the results in both groups. We used annular partitioning (C1–C6), hemispheric quadrants, and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study partitioning (ETDRS) to analyze changes in the retinal vascular density. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the association between blood capillary density and clinical indicators.Results: OCTA results showed significant differences in the conjunctival microvascular density (p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in MIR, TMI, and MAR in the superficial layers between the SLE and healthy group (p &gt; 0.05). The DRL and DTMI (Deeper TMI) densities were decreased in the macular regions of SLE patients (p &lt; 0.05). In the hemispheric segmentation analysis, the superficial MIR was significantly decreased in the IL (inferior left) region of the SLE patients (p &lt; 0.05), and the deep MIR in the IR (inferior right) region was significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05). In the ETDRS partitioning analysis, the superficial MIR in the inferior, right, and left subdivisions was significantly decreased in the SLE patients (p &lt; 0.05). In the circular segmentation analysis, the deep MIR in the C1 and C3 regions was significantly reduced in SLE patients (p &lt; 0.05), while the superficial MIR density was decreased only in the C3 region (p &lt; 0.05). The conjunctival vascular density was negatively correlated with the STMI (Superficial TMI) (r = −0.5107; p = 0.0108) and DTMI (r = −0.9418, p &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between vascular density and SLEDAI-2k (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index−2000) (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: Clinically, patients with SLE and patients suspected of SLE should receive OCTA examination in a comprehensive eye examination to detect changes in ocular microcirculation at an early stage.
Electrical Impedance Tomography Predicts Weaning Success in Adult Patients With Delayed Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Jiajia , Zeng Fan , Yang Fuxun , Luo Xiaoxiu , Liu Rongan , Ren Yinjie , Lan Yunping , Lei Yu , Zhao Gaoping , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in patients with delayed ventilator withdrawal after upper abdominal surgery.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients who were ventilated &gt;24 h after upper abdominal surgery between January 2018 and August 2019. The patients were divided into successful (group S) and failed (group F) weaning groups. EIT recordings were obtained at 0, 5, 15, and 30 min of spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) with SBT at 0 min set as baseline. We assessed the change in delta end-expiratory lung impedance and tidal volume ratio (ΔEELI/VT) from baseline, the change in compliance change percentage variation (|Δ(CW-CL)|) from baseline, the standard deviation of regional ventilation delay index (RVDSD), and global inhomogeneity (GI) using generalized estimation equation analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of parameters indicating weaning success.Results: Among the 32 included patients, ventilation weaning was successful in 23 patients but failed in nine. Generalized estimation equation analysis showed that compared with group F, the ΔEELI/VT was lower, and the GI, RVDSD, and (|Δ(CW-CL)|) were higher in group S. For predicting withdrawal failure, the areas under the curve of the ΔEELI/VT, (|Δ(CW-CL)|), and the RVDSD were 0.819, 0.918, and 0.918, and 0.816, 0.884, and 0.918 at 15 and 30 min during the SBTs, respectively.Conclusion: The electrical impedance tomography may predict the success rate of ventilator weaning in patients with delayed ventilator withdrawal after upper abdominal surgery.
Nomogram Models to Predict Postoperative Hyperlactatemia in Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Wang Dashuai , Wang Su , Wu Jia , Le Sheng , Xie Fei , Li Ximei , Wang Hongfei , Huang Xiaofan , Du Xinling , Zhang Anchen 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Postoperative hyperlactatemia (POHL) is common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate two predictive models for POHL in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery (ECS).Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study enrolling 13,454 adult patients who underwent ECS. All patients involved in the analysis were randomly assigned to a training set and a validation set. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for POHL in the training cohort. Based on these independent predictors, the nomograms were constructed to predict the probability of POHL and were validated in the validation cohort.Results: A total of 1,430 patients (10.6%) developed POHL after ECS. Age, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, renal insufficiency, cardiac surgery history, intraoperative red blood cell transfusion, and cardiopulmonary bypass time were independent predictors and were used to construct a full nomogram. The second nomogram was constructed comprising only the preoperative factors. Both models showed good predictive ability, calibration, and clinical utility. According to the predicted probabilities, four risk groups were defined as very low risk (&lt;0.05), low risk (0.05–0.1), medium risk (0.1–0.3), and high risk groups (&gt;0.3), corresponding to scores of ≤ 180 points, 181–202 points, 203–239 points, and &gt;239 points on the full nomogram, respectively.Conclusions: We developed and validated two nomogram models to predict POHL in patients undergoing ECS. The nomograms may have clinical utility in risk estimation, risk stratification, and targeted interventions.
Association Between Base Excess and Mortality Among Patients in ICU With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Cheng Yi , Zhang You , Tu Boxiang , Qin Yingyi , Cheng Xin , Qi Ran , Guo Wei , Li Dongdong , Wu Shengyong , Zhu Ronghui , Zhao Yanfang , Tang Yuanjun , Wu Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between base excess (BE) and the risk of 30-day mortality among patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: This retrospective study included patients with AKI from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. We used a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model to obtain the hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of 30-day mortality among patients with AKI. Furthermore, we utilized a Cox proportional-hazard model with restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore the potential non-linear associations.Results: Among the 14,238 ICU patients with AKI, BE showed a U-shaped relationship with risk of 30-day mortality for patients with AKI, and higher or lower BE values could increase the risk. Compared with normal base excess (−3~3 mEq/L), patients in different groups (BE ≤ −9 mEq/L, −9 mEq/L &lt; BE ≤ −3 mEq/L, 3 mEq/L &lt; BE ≤ 9 mEq/L, and BE &gt; 9 mEq/L) had different HRs for mortality: 1.57 (1.40, 1.76), 1.26 (1.14, 1.39), 0.97 (0.83, 1.12), 1.53 (1.17, 2.02), respectively. The RCS analyses also showed a U-shaped curve between BE and the 30-day mortality risk.Conclusion: Our results suggest that higher and lower BE in patients with AKI would increase the risk of 30-day mortality. BE measured at administration could be a critical prognostic indicator for ICU patients with AKI and provide guidance for clinicians.
On the Verge of a Catastrophic Collapse? The Need for a Multi-Ecosystem Approach to Microbiome Studies
Authors: Larsen Olaf F. A. , van de Burgwal Linda H. M. 
Published: December 2021

While the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased focus on pathogenic microbes that cross the animal-human species barrier, calls to include non-pathogenic interactions in our perspective on public health are gaining traction in the academic community. Over generations, the diversity of the human gut microbiota is being challenged by external perturbations and reduced acquisition of symbiotic species throughout life. When such reduced diversity concerns not only the microbial species, but also the higher taxonomic levels and even the guild level, adequate compensation for possible losses may be lacking. Shifts from a high-abundance to a low-abundance state, known as a tipping point, may result in simultaneous shifts in covarying taxa and ultimately to a catastrophic collapse in which the ecosystem abruptly and possibly irreversibly shifts to an alternative state. Here, we propose that co-occurrence patterns within and between microbial communities across human, animal, soil, water, and other environmental domains should be studied in light of such critical transitions. Improved mechanistic understanding of factors that shape structure and function is needed to understand whether interventions can sustainably remodel disease-prone microbiota compositions to robust and resilient healthy microbiota. Prerequisites for a rational approach are a better understanding of the microbial interaction network, both within and inter-domain, as well as the identification of early warning signs for a catastrophic collapse, warranting a timely response for intervention. We should not forget that mutualism and pathogenicity are two sides of the same coin. Building upon the planetary health concept, we argue that microbiome research should include system level approaches to conserve ecosystem resilience.HIGHLIGHTS1. Non-pathogenic interactions between ecosystems play a key role in maintaining health.2. The human gut microbiome may be on the verge of a catastrophic collapse.3. Research should identify keystone taxa and guilds that interconnect different domains.4. We should not forget that mutualism and pathogenicity are two sides of the same coin.
Identification of the Prognostic Value Among Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Family Members in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Changjiu , Zhang Wenhao , Fang Tiantian , Li Ning , Wang Yuwei , He Lugeng , He Huadong 
Published: December 2021

Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) has become one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and remains a crucial cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway acts as an important role in KIRC. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are the key negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS family members have been verified to act as significant roles in regulating cellular responses to many cytokines and growth factors. However, whether the expression levels of SOCS affect the prognosis of patients with KIRC is still elusive.Methods: We first evaluated the expression of SOCS family genes in KIRC and determined the correlation between SOCS expression and different clinicopathological features. Then, we analyzed the genetic alterations, potential functions, transcription factor targets, and immune infiltration of SOCS family members based on the information available on public databases. Finally, we assessed the prognostic value of differentially expressed SOCS family members.Results: The expression levels of SOCS2, SOCS4, SOCS6, SOCS7, and CISH were downregulated in KIRC, and all SOCS genes were associated with clinicopathological features of patients with KIRC. SOCS family members have been predominantly related to protein binding, signaling adaptor activity, and JAK/STAT cascade. We found that STAT3, STAT6, and IRF1 are the key transcription factors that may be participated in the regulation of SOCS. We also found an association between the expression levels of SOCS and the immune infiltrates of KIRC. Finally, we have illuminated that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are risky genes, whereas SOCS2, SOCS4, SOCS6, SOCS7, and CISH are some of the protective genes for patients with KIRC; based on these, we have created a KIRC prognostic index for predicting the prognosis of patients of KIRC.Conclusion: Our study may contribute to further understanding the functions of SOCS genes in KIRC, which may help clinicians in selecting the appropriate drugs and predicting the outcomes for patients with KIRC.
Simple and Feasible Detection of Hepatitis B Virus via Combination of Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification and Lateral Flow Dipstick Strip
Authors: Sun Mao-Ling , Lai Hai-Yun , Chong Na-Yu , Liu Dong-Fan , Zhang Zhen-Yi , Pang Bo , Yao Jun 
Published: December 2021

Hepatitis B virus infection is not only a huge burden in the field of social health but also a major public health problem that affects the lives and health of the people. Simple, rapid, feasible detection of HBV is critical for its prevention and spread, especially in the developing countries with low-resource laboratories. To this end, we combined multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) strip to detect HBV. A pair of primers targeting the conserved region of HBV genome was designed and used in MIRA-LFD assay. Our results found that the entire amplification of MIRA-LFD only takes 10 min at 37°C and the dilution of the amplification products was added in the LFD strip and observed by the naked eye after 10 min. The detection sensitivity of this method can reach 10 pg. The 45 clinical samples were detected by MIRA-LFD and real-time PCR. The accuracy rate of MIRA-LFD was 100%. Therefore, these characteristics of our newly developed MIRA-LFD assay make it particularly useful and suitable for detecting HBV in the resource-limited condition.