bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonate chemistry in the microenvironment within cyanobacterial aggregates under present‐day and future pCO2 levels
Authors: Eichner Meri , Wolf‐Gladrow Dieter , Ploug Helle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhotosynthesis and respiration cause distinct chemical microenvironments within cyanobacterial aggregates. Here, we used microsensors and a diffusion–reaction model to characterize gradients in carbonate chemistry and investigate how these are affected by ocean acidification in Baltic vs. Pacific aggregates (Nodularia and Dolichospermum vs. Trichodesmium). Microsensor measurements of O2 and pH were performed under in situ and expected future pCO2 levels on Nodularia and Dolichospermum aggregates collected in the Baltic Sea. Under in situ conditions, O2 and pH levels within the aggregates covered ranges of 80–175% air saturation and 7.7–9.4 in dark and light, respectively. Carbon uptake in the light was predicted to reduce HCO3− by 100–150 μmol L−1 and CO2 by 3–6 μmol L−1 in the aggregate center compared to outside, inducing strong CO2 depletion (down to 0.5 μmol L−1 CO2 remaining in the center) even when assuming that HCO3− covered 80–90% of carbon uptake. Under ocean acidification conditions, enhanced CO2 availability allowed for significantly lower activity of carbon concentrating mechanisms, including a reduction of the contribution of HCO3− to carbon uptake by up to a factor of 10. The magnification of proton gradients under elevated pCO2 that was predicted based on a lower buffer capacity was observed in measurements despite a concurrent decrease in photosynthetic activity. In summary, we provide a quantitative image of the inorganic carbon environment in cyanobacterial aggregates under present‐day and expected future conditions, considering both the individual and combined effects of the chemical and biological processes that shape these environments.
Tolerance to a highly variable environment does not infer resilience to future ocean warming and acidification in a branching coral
Authors: Rathbone Michaela , Brown Kristen T. , Dove Sophie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoral populations from reef habitats that experience extreme daily abiotic fluctuations have been suggested as candidates to survive and proliferate under future climate change. Few studies, however, have exposed corals from dynamic environments to the synergistic effects of ocean warming and acidification to investigate whether tolerance of present‐day environmental variability is maintained under future climate stress. This study assessed the impact of RCP2.6 (+0.8°C and +25 ppm) and RCP4.5 (+1.3°C and +66 ppm) ocean warming and acidification on the survivorship, primary calcification (i.e., extension), secondary calcification (i.e., densification), and protein densities ofIsopora paliferaoriginating from two distinct reef habitats (abiotically variable reef flat vs. stable reef slope) over 9 weeks. Temperature and pCO2were offset from a reef slope baseline temperature of 26.0°C ± 0.6°C and pCO2concentration of 559 ± 56 ppm, incorporating natural diurnal variability. A trade‐off was observed inI. paliferaoriginating from the reef flat, which significantly increased tissue protein densities but reduced densification relative to corals from the reef slope. Survivorship nor extension rates differed between corals originating from the variable or stable reef habitats. Mortality increased under RCP4.5 as extension rates increased, indicating that energetic investment in skeletal expansion becomes unsustainable under future climate stress. Increasing temperature and CO2reduced calcification rates irrespective of the corals originating reef habitat suggesting with future climate change, exposure to greater environmental variability may not benefit coral calcification. These results demonstrate that tolerance to present‐day abiotic variability does not necessarily infer resilience to moderate future ocean warming and acidification conditions.
Efficacy of laser CO2 treatment for refractory lymphedema secondary to cancer treatments
Authors: Menzer Christian , Aleisa Abdullah , Wilson Britney N. , Musthaq Shenara , Rossi Anthony 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLymphedema is a frequent debilitating condition among cancer patients. Daily supportive treatment may be necessary without long‐term improvement. We describe two cases with chronic refractory lymphedema treated with fractional 10,600 nm CO2 laser. A 61‐year‐old female with locally advanced cervical cancer presented with postsurgical edematous swelling of the vulva and mons pubis and recurring cellulitis due to chronic lymphangiectasia. After six treatments of fractional CO2 laser, she noticed an 80% reduction of lymphorrea, swelling, and frequency of cellulitis. A 32‐year old melanoma patient presented with refractory right lower leg lymphedema post right inguinal lymph node dissection and radiation. After fractional CO2 laser, she noted increased softness of her inguinal scar and a decrease of the lower leg edema. Fractional CO2 laser may be useful in addressing chronic refractory lymphedema. Further research should confirm our findings to consider fractional laser as a standard method in the treatment of chronic lymphedema.
North American Biliary Stricture Management Strategies in Children After Liver Transplantation: A Multicenter Analysis From the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) Registry
Authors: Valentino Pamela L. , Wang Tianhao , Shabanova Veronika , Ng Vicky Lee , Bucuvalas John C. , Feldman Amy G. , Gonzalez‐Peralta Regino P. , Gupta Nitika Arora , Miloh Tamir A. , Mohammad Saeed , Pace Erika , Sundaram Shikha S. , Yazigi Nada A. , Soltys Kyle ,   Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT)
Published: November 2021

Biliary strictures affect 4%‐12% of pediatric liver transplantations. Biliary strictures can contribute to graft loss if left untreated; however, there remains no consensus on the best course of treatment. Study objectives included analyses of outcomes associated with biliary stricture management strategies via percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), or surgery. We identified pediatric liver transplantation recipients (2011‐2016) with biliary strictures from the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) registry and retrieved imaging, procedural, and operative reports from individual centers. Subanalyses were performed to specifically evaluate PTC and ERCP for “optimal biliary outcome” (OBO), defined as graft survival with stricture resolution and without recurrence or surgery. A total of 113 children with a median follow‐up of 3.9 years had strictures diagnosed 100 days (interquartile range, 30‐290) after liver transplantation; 81% were isolated anastomotic strictures. Stricture resolution was achieved in 92% within 101 days, more frequently with isolated anastomotic strictures (96%). 20% of strictures recurred, more commonly in association with hepatic artery thrombosis (32%). Patient and graft survival at 1 and 3 years were 99% and 98% and 94% and 92%, respectively. In a subgroup analysis of 79 patients with extrahepatic strictures managed by PTC/ERCP, 59% achieved OBO following a median of 4 PTC, and 75% following a median of 3 ERCP (P < 0.001). Among patients with OBO, those with ERCP had longer time intervals between successive procedures (41, 47, 54, 62, 71 days) than for PTC (27, 31, 36, 41, 48 days; P < 0.001). Allograft salvage was successful across all interventions. Stricture resolution was achieved in 92%, with 20% risk of recurrence. Resolution without recurrence was highest in patients with isolated anastomotic strictures and without hepatic artery thrombosis.
Optimization and Analysis of Transparent Bamboo Performance Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Linear Analysis Method
Authors: Shi Ruisen , Sheng Xueru , Jia Haiyuan , Zhang Jian , Li Na , Shi Haiqiang , Niu Meihong , Ping Qingwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTransparent bamboo (TB) is an attractive biomass‐derived material. However, the interrelation between process parameter and product performance is not clear yet. In this paper, the process parameter during preparation is optimized by orthogonal experiment and finally TB with excellent optical and mechanical properties is successfully prepared. Among the investigated runs, TB‐12 exhibited the best performance with high transmittance (89.2%), good color difference property (L: 76.8, A: 5.4, B: 5.9), and excellent tensile strength (119.3 MPa). As the final aim of this work, deeper insight into the interrelation between process parameters and product performance is also investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) and linear analysis method. Based on the analysis result, it can be concluded that i) X2‐ temperature is the most influential factor to the lignin content (p‐value = 0.0532) during delignification process; ii) during resin impregnation process, lignin content has strong correlation with optical property: for example, transmittance (R2 = 0.90423) and A value (R2 = 0.92073), but has no significant correlation with mechanical property (tensile strength: R2 = 0.04186). Moreover, it is found that the correlation between lignin content and transmittance can be preliminarily predicted before the experimental start. This hypothesis has been validated by importing experimental data of previous references into the model. This work demonstrates a deep analysis of TB preparation process and may provide the referenced gist for parameter selection.
Light‐Switching Surface Wettability of Chiral Liquid Crystal Networks by Dynamic Change in Nanoscale Topography
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Song , Wang Zhi‐Qun , Lin Jia‐De , Yang Po‐Chih , Lee Chia‐Rong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNano‐ and microscale morphology endows surfaces that play conspicuous roles in natural or artificial objects with unique functions. Surfaces with dynamic regulating features capable of switching the structures, patterns, and even dimensions of their surface profiles can control friction and wettability, thus having potential applications in antibacterial, haptics, and fluid dynamics. Here, a freestanding film with light‐switchable surface based on cholesteric liquid crystal networks is presented to translate 2D flat plane into a 3D nanometer‐scale topography. The wettability of the interface can be controlled by hiding or revealing the geometrical features of the surfaces with light. This reversible dynamic actuation is obtained through the order parameter change of the periodic cholesteric organization under a photoalignment procedure and lithography‐free mode. Complex tailored structures can be used to encrypt tactile information and improve wettability by predesigning the orientation distribution of liquid crystal director. This rapid switching nanoprecision smart surface provides a novel platform for artificial skin, optics, and functional coatings.
Dysprosody in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder with Impaired Olfaction but Intact Nigrostriatal Pathway
Authors: Rusz Jan , Janzen Annette , Tykalová Tereza , Novotný Michal , Zogala David , Timmermann Lars , Růžička Evžen , Šonka Karel , Dušek Petr , Oertel Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundImpairments of olfactory and speech function are likely early prodromal symptoms of α‐synucleinopathy.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess whether dysprosody is present in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) with hyposmia/anosmia and a normal nigrostriatal system.MethodsPitch variability during speech was investigated in 17 iRBD subjects with normal olfactory function (iRBD‐NOF), 30 iRBD subjects with abnormal olfactory function (iRBD‐AOF), and 50 healthy controls. iRBD subjects were evaluated using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and [123I]‐2ß‐carbomethoxy‐3ß‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropane dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography (DAT‐SPECT). All iRBD subjects completed the 24‐month follow‐up with DAT‐SPECT, speech, and olfactory testing.ResultsAt baseline, only iRBD‐AOF showed monopitch when compared to iRBD‐NOF (P = 0.04) and controls (P = 0.03), with no difference between iRBD‐NOF and controls (P = 1). At follow‐up, dysprosody progressed only in iRBD‐AOF with abnormal DAT‐SPECT (P = 0.03).ConclusionProsody is impaired in hyposmic but not in normosmic iRBD subjects before the nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission is affected (Braak stage 2). © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
StimFit—A Data‐Driven Algorithm for Automated Deep Brain Stimulation Programming
Authors: Roediger Jan , Dembek Till A. , Wenzel Gregor , Butenko Konstantin , Kühn Andrea A. , Horn Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFinding the optimal deep brain stimulation (DBS) parameters from a multitude of possible combinations by trial and error is time consuming and requires highly trained medical personnel.ObjectiveWe developed an automated algorithm to identify optimal stimulation settings in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS based on imaging‐derived metrics.MethodsElectrode locations and monopolar review data of 612 stimulation settings acquired from 31 PD patients were used to train a predictive model for therapeutic and adverse stimulation effects. Model performance was then evaluated within the training cohort using cross‐validation and on an independent cohort of 19 patients. We inverted the model by applying a brute‐force approach to determine the optimal stimulation sites in the target region. Finally, an optimization algorithm was established to identify optimal stimulation parameters. Suggested stimulation parameters were compared to the ones applied in clinical practice.ResultsPredicted motor outcome correlated with observed outcome (R = 0.57, P < 10−10) across patients within the training cohort. In the test cohort, the model explained 28% of the variance in motor outcome differences between settings. The stimulation site for maximum motor improvement was located at the dorsolateral border of the STN. When compared to two empirical settings, model‐based suggestions more closely matched the setting with superior motor improvement.ConclusionWe developed and validated a data‐driven model that can suggest stimulation parameters leading to optimal motor improvement while minimizing the risk of stimulation‐induced side effects. This approach might provide guidance for DBS programming in the future. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Design of assembly‐type frequency selective surface structure using Lego‐type blocks
Authors: Cho Sung‐Sil , Hong Ic‐Pyo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA frequency selective surface (FSS) structure was designed using Lego blocks, which can be stacked or assembled to produce various structures. The unit structure of the designed frequency selection surface structure is a patch‐type cross‐dipole and a dipole structure that can be easily fabricated using Lego‐type blocks among the basic structures. Since the unit structure is designed using Lego‐type dielectric blocks and metal blocks, the structure can be easily changed and the resonance frequency can be easily reconfigured. The designed unit structure was fabricated using actual Lego‐type blocks of 4 mm × 4 mm × 5 mm, and the transmission coefficient of the fabricated FSS structure using the free space measurement method was measured. When the measurement result according to the change of polarization and incident angle was compared with the simulation result, the error of the resonance frequency was 1.2% and 0.64% at the maximum for each structure, confirming that the measurement result is relatively similar to the simulation result.
Image retrieval‐based parenchymal analysis for breast cancer risk assessment
Authors: Padilla Astrid , Arponen Otso , Rinta‐Kiikka Irina , Pertuz Said 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis research on breast cancer risk assessment aims to develop models that predict the likelihood of breast cancer. In recent years, the computerized analysis of visual texture patterns in mammograms, namely parenchymal analysis, has shown great potential for risk assessment. However, the visual complexity and heterogeneity of visual patterns limit the performance of parenchymal analysis in large populations. In this work, we propose a method to create individualized risk assessment models based on the radiological visual appearance (radiomic phenotypes) of the mammograms.MethodsWe developed a content‐based image retrieval system to stratify mammographic analysis according to the similarities of their radiomic phenotypes. We collected 1144 mammograms from 286 women following a case‐control study design. We compared the classical parenchymal analysis with the proposed approach using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was assessed using DeLong's test (0.05).ResultsAt a patient level, AUC values of 0.504 (95% CI: 0.398‐0.611) with classical parenchymal analysis increased to 0.813 (95% CI: 0.734‐0.892) when the radiomic phenotypes are incorporated with the proposed method. In risk estimation from individual, standard mammographic views, the highest performance was obtained with the mediolateral oblique view of the right breast (RMLO), with an AUC value of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.634‐0.820). Differences in performance among views were statistically significant ()ConclusionsThese results indicate that the utilization of radiomic phenotypes increases the performance of computerized risk assessment based on parenchymal analysis of mammographic images. Significance: The creation of individualized risk assessment models may be leveraged to target personalized screening and prevention recommendations according to the person's risk.
Noise reduction profile: A new method for evaluation of noise reduction techniques in CT
Authors: Hasegawa Akira , Ishihara Toshihiro , Thomas M. Allan , Pan Tinsu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeNoise power spectrum (NPS) is a commonly used performance metric to evaluate noise‐reduction techniques (NRT) in imaging systems. The images reconstructed with and without an NRT can be compared via their NPS to better understand the NRT's effects on image noise. However, when comparing NPSs, simple visual assessments or a comparison of NPS peaks or medians are often used. These assessments make it difficult to objectively evaluate the effect of noise reduction across all spatial frequencies. In this work, we propose a new noise reduction profile (NRP) to facilitate a more complete and objective evaluation of NPSs for a range of NRTs used specifically in computed tomography (CT).Methods and materialsThe homogeneous section of the ACR or Catphan phantoms was scanned on different CT scanners equipped with the following NRTs: AIDR3D, AiCE, ASiR, ASiR‐V, TrueFidelity, iDose, SAFIRE, and ADMIRE. The images were then reconstructed with all strengths of each NRT in reference to the baseline filtered back projection (FBP) images. One set of the baseline FBP images was also processed with PixelShine, an NRT based on artificial intelligence. The NPSs of the images before and after noise reduction were calculated in both the xy‐plane and along the z‐direction. The difference in the logarithmic scale between each NPS (baseline FBP and NRT) was then calculated and deemed the NRP. Furthermore, the relationship between the NRP and NPS peak positions was mathematically analyzed.ResultsEach NRT has its own unique NRP. By comparing the NPS and NRP for each NRT, it was found that NRP is related to the peak shift of NPS. Additionally, under the assumption that the NPS has one peak and is differentiable, a relationship was mathematically derived between the slope of the NRP at the peak position of the NPS before noise reduction and the shift of the NPS peak position after noise reduction.ConclusionsA new metric, NRP, was proposed based on NPS to objectively evaluate and compare methods for noise reduction in CT. The NRP can be used to compare the effects of various NRTs on image noise in both the xy‐plane and z‐direction. It also enables unbiased assessment of the detailed noise reduction properties of each NRT over all relevant spatial frequencies.
Aeroelastic analysis and flutter control of wings and panels: A review
Authors: Chai Yuyang , Gao Wei , Ankay Benjamin , Li Fengming , Zhang Chuanzeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlutter is a self‐excited vibration under the interaction of the inertial force, aerodynamic force, and elastic force of the structure. After the flutter occurs, the aircraft structures will exhibit limit cycle oscillation, which will cause catastrophic accidents or fatigue damage to the structures. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the aeroelastic characteristics and flutter control for improving the aeroelastic stability of aircraft structures. This paper reviews the recent advances in aeroelastic analysis and flutter control of wings and panel structures. The mechanism of aeroelastic flutter of wings and panels is presented. The research methods of aeroelastic flutter for different structures developed in recent years are briefly summarized. Various control strategies including the linear and nonlinear control algorithms as well as the active flutter control results of wings and panels are presented. Finally, the paper ends with conclusions, which highlight challenges of the development in aeroelastic analysis and flutter control, and provide a brief outlook on the future investigations. This study aims to present a comprehensive understanding of aeroelastic analysis and flutter control. It can also provide guidance on the design of new wings and panel structures for improving their aeroelastic stability.
Influence of Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Intestinal Antioxidant Status, and Immune-Related Gene Expression of Endangered Megalobrama pellegrini Reared in a Flow-Through System
Authors: Wang Yao , Zheng Zhi , Sun Yuejia , Wu QingJun , Gao Yujie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 42-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on the growth and health status of juvenile Megalobrama pellegrini. Fish (initial body weight = 0.45 ± 0.01 g) were reared in a flow-through system under five stocking densities: 0.15, 0.24, 0.34, 0.42, and 0.50 kg/m3. Significantly lower growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate) and a higher feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish reared at the highest stocking density (0.50 kg/m3). Similarly, intestinal oxidative stress analyses indicated that activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced in M. pellegrini reared at the highest stocking density; the highest malondialdehyde content was also recorded in this group. In addition, intestinal glutathione content was significantly increased in higher-density groups compared with the lowest density group (0.15 kg/m3), and the highest value appeared in the 0.34-kg/m3 group. Intestinal CYP1A* (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A gene) expression was significantly lower in the 0.15-kg/m3 group than in the 0.42-kg/m3 group. Furthermore, the 0.50-kg/m3 group had significantly higher gene expression of Nrf2* (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2), NF-κB* (nuclear factor kappa beta), and MyD88* (myeloid differentiation factor 88) than the lower-density groups. This study indicated that 0.45–1.36-g M. pellegrini could be cultured at a density of 0.34 kg/m3 for maximum growth in a flow-through system without negative effects on the measured physiological indicators of stress and immunity.