bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired antireflective flexible films with optimized mechanical resistance fabricated by roll to roll thermal nanoimprint
Authors: Jacobo-Martín Alejandra , Rueda Mario , Hernández Jaime J. , Navarro-Baena Iván , Monclús Miguel A. , Molina-Aldareguia Jon M. , Rodríguez Isabel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work describes the fabrication process of moth eye antireflective poly (methyl methacrylate) transparent films via roll to roll thermal nanoimprint lithography. The process parameters are investigated and adjusted in order to obtain from a single moth-eye structured mold, a range of antireflective topographies that gradually vary their geometry from protruding to intruding nanocones. A correlation between the process parameters with the optical and mechanical properties of the films is established to illustrate the influence of the processing parameters and serve as guideline to produce antireflective flexible films with balanced properties and optimized performance adequate to the application environment. A finite element model is described predicting the mechanical behavior of the moth-eye PMMA imprinted nanostructures.
Foraging niche partitioning in sympatric seabird populations
Authors: Petalas Christina , Lazarus Thomas , Lavoie Raphael A. , Elliott Kyle H. , Guigueno Mélanie F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSympatric species must sufficiently differentiate aspects of their ecological niche to alleviate complete interspecific competition and stably coexist within the same area. Seabirds provide a unique opportunity to understand patterns of niche segregation among coexisting species because they form large multi-species colonies of breeding aggregations with seemingly overlapping diets and foraging areas. Recent biologging tools have revealed that colonial seabirds can differentiate components of their foraging strategies. Specifically, small, diving birds with high wing-loading may have small foraging radii compared with larger or non-diving birds. In the Gulf of St-Lawrence in Canada, we investigated whether and how niche differentiation occurs in four incubating seabird species breeding sympatrically using GPS-tracking and direct field observations of prey items carried by adults to chicks: the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), razorbill (Alca torda), common murre (Uria aalge), and black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Although there was overlap at foraging hotspots, all species differentiated in either diet (prey species, size and number) or foraging range. Whereas puffins and razorbills consumed multiple smaller prey items that were readily available closer to the colony, murres selected larger more diverse prey that were accessible due to their deeper diving capability. Kittiwakes compensated for their surface foraging by having a large foraging range, including foraging largely at a specific distant hotspot. These foraging habitat specialisations may alleviate high interspecific competition allowing for their coexistence, providing insight on multispecies colonial living.
Dense cellular segmentation for EM using 2D–3D neural network ensembles
Authors: Guay Matthew D. , Emam Zeyad A. S. , Anderson Adam B. , Aronova Maria A. , Pokrovskaya Irina D. , Storrie Brian , Leapman Richard D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiologists who use electron microscopy (EM) images to build nanoscale 3D models of whole cells and their organelles have historically been limited to small numbers of cells and cellular features due to constraints in imaging and analysis. This has been a major factor limiting insight into the complex variability of cellular environments. Modern EM can produce gigavoxel image volumes containing large numbers of cells, but accurate manual segmentation of image features is slow and limits the creation of cell models. Segmentation algorithms based on convolutional neural networks can process large volumes quickly, but achieving EM task accuracy goals often challenges current techniques. Here, we define dense cellular segmentation as a multiclass semantic segmentation task for modeling cells and large numbers of their organelles, and give an example in human blood platelets. We present an algorithm using novel hybrid 2D–3D segmentation networks to produce dense cellular segmentations with accuracy levels that outperform baseline methods and approach those of human annotators. To our knowledge, this work represents the first published approach to automating the creation of cell models with this level of structural detail.
Arabidopsis REI-LIKE proteins activate ribosome biogenesis during cold acclimation
Authors: Cheong Bo Eng , Beine-Golovchuk Olga , Gorka Michal , Ho William Wing Ho , Martinez-Seidel Federico , Firmino Alexandre Augusto Pereira , Skirycz Aleksandra , Roessner Ute , Kopka Joachim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArabidopsis REIL proteins are cytosolic ribosomal 60S-biogenesis factors. After shift to 10 °C,reilmutants deplete and slowly replenish non-translating eukaryotic ribosome complexes of root tissue, while controlling the balance of non-translating 40S- and 60S-subunits.Reilmutations respond by hyper-accumulation of non-translating subunits at steady-state temperature; after cold-shift, a KCl-sensitive 80S sub-fraction remains depleted. We infer that Arabidopsis may buffer fluctuating translation by pre-existing non-translating ribosomes before de novo synthesis meets temperature-induced demands.Reil1 reil2double mutants accumulate 43S-preinitiation and pre-60S-maturation complexes and alter paralog composition of ribosomal proteins in non-translating complexes. With few exceptions, e.g. RPL3B and RPL24C, these changes are not under transcriptional control. Our study suggests requirement of de novo synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes for long-term cold acclimation, feedback control ofNUC2andeIF3C2transcription and links new proteins, AT1G03250, AT5G60530, to plant ribosome biogenesis. We propose that Arabidopsis requires biosynthesis of specialized ribosomes for cold acclimation.
Hydrogen bond dynamics of interfacial water molecules revealed from two-dimensional vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy
Authors: Ojha Deepak , Kühne Thomas D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVibrational sum-frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy allows the study of the structure and dynamics of interfacial systems. In the present work, we provide a simple recipe, based on a narrowband IR pump and broadband vSFG probe technique, to computationally obtain the two-dimensional vSFG spectrum of water molecules at the air–water interface. Using this technique, to study the time-dependent spectral evolution of hydrogen-bonded and free water molecules, we demonstrate that at the interface, the vibrational spectral dynamics of the free OH bond is faster than that of the bonded OH mode.
Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock after traumatic brain injury with polymerized hemoglobin
Authors: Muller Cynthia R. , Courelli Vasiliki , Lucas Alfredo , Williams Alexander T. , Li Joyce B. , Dos Santos Fernando , Cuddington Clayton T. , Moses Savannah R. , Palmer Andre F. , Kistler Erik B. , Cabrales Pedro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is often accompanied by hemorrhage, and treatment of hemorrhagic shock (HS) after TBI is particularly challenging because the two therapeutic treatment strategies for TBI and HS often conflict. Ischemia/reperfusion injury from HS resuscitation can be exaggerated by TBI-induced loss of autoregulation. In HS resuscitation, the goal is to restore lost blood volume, while in the treatment of TBI the priority is focused on maintenance of adequate cerebral perfusion pressure and avoidance of secondary bleeding. In this study, we investigate the responses to resuscitation from severe HS after TBI in rats, using fresh blood, polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb), and lactated Ringer’s (LR). Rats were subjected to TBI by pneumatic controlled cortical impact. Shortly after TBI, HS was induced by blood withdrawal to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35–40 mmHg for 90 min before resuscitation. Resuscitation fluids were delivered to restore MAP to ~ 65 mmHg and animals were monitored for 120 min. Increased systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) confirmed TBI-induced loss of autoregulation. MAP after resuscitation was significantly higher in the blood and PolyhHb groups compared to the LR group. Furthermore, blood and PolyhHb restored diastolic pressure, while this remained depressed for the LR group, indicating a loss of vascular tone. Lactate increased in all groups during HS, and only returned to baseline level in the blood reperfused group. The PolyhHb group possessed lower SBPV compared to LR and blood groups. Finally, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) modulation was higher for the LR group and lower for the PolyhHb group compared to the blood group after reperfusion. In conclusion, our results suggest that PolyhHb could be an alternative to blood for resuscitation from HS after TBI when blood is not available, assuming additional testing demonstrate similar favorable results. PolyhHb restored hemodynamics and oxygen delivery, without the logistical constraints of refrigerated blood.
Redirecting substrate regioselectivity using engineered ΔN123-GBD-CD2 branching sucrases for the production of pentasaccharide repeating units of S. flexneri 3a, 4a and 4b haptens
Authors: Benkoulouche Mounir , Ben Imeddourene Akli , Barel Louis-Antoine , Le Heiget Guillaume , Pizzut Sandra , Kulyk Hanna , Bellvert Floriant , Bozonnet Sophie , Mulard Laurence A. , Remaud-Siméon Magali , Moulis Claire , André Isabelle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe (chemo-)enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides has been hampered by the lack of appropriate enzymatic tools with requisite regio- and stereo-specificities. Engineering of carbohydrate-active enzymes, in particular targeting the enzyme active site, has notably led to catalysts with altered regioselectivity of the glycosylation reaction thereby enabling to extend the repertoire of enzymes for carbohydrate synthesis. Using a collection of 22 mutants of ΔN123-GBD-CD2 branching sucrase, an enzyme from the Glycoside Hydrolase family 70, containing between one and three mutations in the active site, and a lightly protected chemically synthesized tetrasaccharide as an acceptor substrate, we showed that altered glycosylation product specificities could be achieved compared to the parental enzyme. Six mutants were selected for further characterization as they produce higher amounts of two favored pentasaccharides compared to the parental enzyme and/or new products. The produced pentasaccharides were shown to be of high interest as they are precursors of representative haptens of Shigella flexneri serotypes 3a, 4a and 4b. Furthermore, their synthesis was shown to be controlled by the mutations introduced in the active site, driving the glucosylation toward one extremity or the other of the tetrasaccharide acceptor. To identify the molecular determinants involved in the change of ΔN123-GBD-CD2 regioselectivity, extensive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out in combination with in-depth analyses of amino acid residue networks. Our findings help to understand the inter-relationships between the enzyme structure, conformational flexibility and activity. They also provide new insight to further engineer this class of enzymes for the synthesis of carbohydrate components of bacterial haptens.
Reduced hippocampal subfield volumes and memory performance in preterm children with and without germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Fernández de Gamarra-Oca Lexuri , Zubiaurre-Elorza Leire , Junqué Carme , Solana Elisabeth , Soria-Pastor Sara , Vázquez Élida , Delgado Ignacio , Macaya Alfons , Ojeda Natalia , Poca Maria A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPreterm newborns with germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) are at a higher risk of evidencing neurodevelopmental alterations. Present study aimed to explore the long-term effects that GM-IVH have on hippocampal subfields, and their correlates with memory. The sample consisted of 58 participants, including 36 preterm-born (16 with GM-IVH and 20 without neonatal brain injury), and 22 full-term children aged between 6 and 15 years old. All participants underwent a cognitive assessment and magnetic resonance imaging study. GM-IVH children evidenced lower scores in Full Intelligence Quotient and memory measures compared to their low-risk preterm and full-term peers. High-risk preterm children with GM-IVH evidenced significantly lower total hippocampal volumes bilaterally and hippocampal subfield volumes compared to both low-risk preterm and full-term groups. Finally, significant positive correlations between memory and hippocampal subfield volumes were only found in preterm participants together; memory and the right CA-field correlation remained significant after Bonferroni correction was applied (p = .002). In conclusion, memory alterations and both global and regional volumetric reductions in the hippocampus were found to be specifically related to a preterm sample with GM-IVH. Nevertheless, results also suggest that prematurity per se has a long-lasting impact on the association between the right CA-field volume and memory during childhood.
Acute environmental temperature variation affects brain protein expression, anxiety and explorative behaviour in adult zebrafish
Authors: Nonnis S. , Angiulli E. , Maffioli E. , Frabetti F. , Negri A. , Cioni C. , Alleva E. , Romeo V. , Tedeschi G. , Toni M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of 4-d acute thermal treatments at 18 °C, 26 °C (control) and 34 °C on the nervous system of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) using a multidisciplinary approach based on behavioural tests and brain proteomic analysis. The behavioural variations induced by thermal treatment were investigated using five different tests, the novel tank diving, light and dark preference, social preference, mirror biting, and Y-Maze tests, which are standard paradigms specifically tailored for zebrafish to assess their anxiety-like behaviour, boldness, social preference, aggressiveness, and explorative behaviour, respectively. Proteomic data revealed that several proteins involved in energy metabolism, messenger RNA translation, protein synthesis, folding and degradation, cytoskeleton organisation and synaptic vesiculation are regulated differently at extreme temperatures. The results showed that anxiety-like behaviours increase in zebrafish at 18 °C compared to those at 26 °C or 34 °C, whereas anxiety-related protein signalling pathways are downregulated. Moreover, treatments at both 18 °C and 34 °C affect the exploratory behaviour that appears not to be modulated by past experiences, suggesting the impairment of fish cognitive abilities. This study is the continuation of our previous work on the effect of 21-d chronic treatment at the same constant temperature level and will enable the comparison of acute and chronic treatment effects on the nervous system function in adult zebrafish.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sulforaphane induces S-phase
arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wu Huazhang , Dong Nannan , Su Xu , Duan Mingxiu , Wei Yaqin , Wei Jun , Liu Gaofeng , Peng Qingjie , Zhao Yunli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN) extracted from broccoli sprout has previously been
investigated for its potential properties in cancers, however, the underlying mechanisms
of the anticancer activity of SFN remain not fully understood. In the present study, we
investigate the effects of SFN on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and
also the expression of several cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes by MTT assay, flow
cytometry and western blot analysis in gastric cancer (GC) cells. The results showed
that SFN could impair the colony-forming ability in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cell lines
compared with the control. In addition, SFN significantly suppressed cell proliferation
by arresting the cell cycle at the S phase and enhancing cell apoptosis in GC cells in a
dose-dependent manner. Western blot results showed that SFN treatment significantly
increased the expression levels of p53, p21 and decreased CDK2 expression, which
directly regulated the S phase transition. The Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 genes involved
in apoptosis executive functions were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner
in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. These results suggested that SFN-induced S phase cell
cycle arrest and apoptosis through p53-dependent manner in GC cells, which suggested
that SFN has a potential therapeutic application in the treatment and prevention of
GC.
Interactions between two QTLs for time to anthesis on spike development and fertility in wheat
Authors: Basavaraddi Priyanka A. , Savin Roxana , Wingen Luzie U. , Bencivenga Stefano , Przewieslik-Allen Alexandra M. , Griffiths Simon , Slafer Gustavo A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarliness per se (Eps) genes are reported to be important in fine-tuning flowering time in wheat independently of photoperiod (Ppd) and vernalisation (Vrn). Unlike Ppd and Vrn genes, Eps have relatively small effects and their physiological effect along with chromosomal position are not well defined. We evaluated eight lines derived from crossing two vernalisation insensitive lines, Paragon and Baj (late and early flowering respectively), to study the detailed effects of two newly identified QTLs, Eps-7D and Eps-2B and their interactions under field conditions. The effect of both QTLs was minor and was affected by the allelic status of the other. While the magnitude of effect of these QTLs on anthesis was similar, they are associated with very different profiles of pre-anthesis development which also depends on their interaction. Eps-7D affected both duration before and after terminal spikelet while not affecting final leaf number (FLN) so Eps-7D-early had a faster rate of leaf appearance. Eps-2B acted more specifically in the early reproductive phase and slightly altered FLN without affecting the leaf appearance rate. Both QTLs affected the spike fertility by altering the rate of floret development and mortality. The effect of Eps-2B was very small but consistent in that -late allele tended to produce more fertile florets.
Pareto-based evaluation of national responses to COVID-19 pandemic shows that saving lives and protecting economy are non-trade-off objectives
Authors: Kochańczyk Marek , Lipniacki Tomasz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCountries worldwide have adopted various strategies to minimize the socio-economic impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Stringency of imposed measures universally reflects the standpoint from which protecting public health and avoiding damage to economy are seen as contradictory objectives. Based on epidemic trajectories of 25 highly developed countries and 10 US states in the (mobility reduction)–(reproduction number) plane we showed that delay in imposition of nation-wide quarantine elevates the number of infections and deaths, surge of which inevitably has to be suppressed by stringent and sustained lockdown. As a consequence, cumulative mobility reduction and population-normalized cumulative number of COVID-19-associated deaths are significantly correlated and this correlation increases with time. Overall, we demonstrated that, as long as epidemic suppression is the aim, the trade-off between the death toll and economic loss is illusory: high death toll correlates with deep and long-lasting lockdown causing a severe economic downturn.
Grammatical category and the neural processing of phrases
Authors: Burroughs Amelia , Kazanina Nina , Houghton Conor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interlocking roles of lexical, syntactic and semantic processing in language comprehension has been the subject of longstanding debate. Recently, the cortical response to a frequency-tagged linguistic stimulus has been shown to track the rate of phrase and sentence, as well as syllable, presentation. This could be interpreted as evidence for the hierarchical processing of speech, or as a response to the repetition of grammatical category. To examine the extent to which hierarchical structure plays a role in language processing we recorded EEG from human participants as they listen to isochronous streams of monosyllabic words. Comparing responses to sequences in which grammatical category is strictly alternating and chosen such that two-word phrases can be grammatically constructed——or is absent——showed cortical entrainment at the two-word phrase rate was only present in the grammatical condition. Thus, grammatical category repetition alone does not yield entertainment at higher level than a word. On the other hand, cortical entrainment was reduced for the mixed-phrase condition that contained two-word phrases but no grammatical category repetition——which is not what would be expected if the measured entrainment reflected purely abstract hierarchical syntactic units. Our results support a model in which word-level grammatical category information is required to build larger units.
Genome-wide comparative analyses reveal selection signatures underlying adaptation and production in Tibetan and Poll Dorset sheep
Authors: Zhang Yingyue , Xue Xianglan , Liu Yue , Abied Adam , Ding Yangyang , Zhao Shengguo , Wang Wenqiang , Ma Liqing , Guo Jijun , Guan Weijun , Pu Yabin , Mwacharo Joram M. , Han Jianlin , Ma Yuehui , Zhao Qianjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe identification of genome-wide selection signatures can provide insights on the mechanisms of natural and/or artificial selection and uncover genes related to biological functions and/or phenotypes. Tibetan sheep are an important livestock in Tibet, providing meat and wool for Tibetans who are renown for breeding livestock that adapt well to high altitudes. Using whole-genome sequences with an effective sequencing depth of 5×, we investigated the genomic diversity and structure and, identified selection signatures of White Tibetan, Oula and Poll Dorset sheep. We obtained 30,163,679 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 5,388,372 indels benchmarked against the ovine Oar_v4.0 genome assembly. Next, using FST, ZHp and XP-EHH approaches, we identified selection signatures spanning a set of candidate genes, including HIF1A, CAPN3, PRKAA1, RXFP2, TRHR and HOXA10 that are associated with pathways and GO categories putatively related to hypoxia responses, meat traits and disease resistance. Candidate genes and GO terms associated with coat color were also identified. Finally, quantification of blood physiological parameters, revealed higher levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin measurement and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in Tibetan sheep compared with Poll Dorset, suggesting a greater oxygen-carrying capacity in the Tibetan sheep and thus better adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. In conclusion, this study provides a greater understanding of genome diversity and variations associated with adaptive and production traits in sheep.
Nanooptical elements for visual verification
Authors: Goncharsky Alexander , Goncharsky Anton , Melnik Dmitry , Durlevich Svyatoslav 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the development of flat diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for protecting banknotes, documents, plastic cards, and securities against counterfeiting. A DOE is a flat diffractive element whose microrelief, when illuminated by white light, forms a visual image consisting of several symbols (digits or letters), which move across the optical element when tilted. The images formed by these elements are asymmetric with respect to the zero order. To form these images, the microrelief of a DOE must itself be asymmetric. The microrelief has a depth of ~ 0.3 microns and is shaped with an accuracy of ~ 10–15 nm using electron-beam lithography. The DOEs developed in this work are securely protected against counterfeiting and can be replicated hundreds of millions of times using standard equipment meant for the mass production of relief holograms.