bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Machine Learning Based Blood-brain Barrier Permeability Prediction Models Using Physicochemical Properties, MACCS and Substructure Fingerprints
Authors: Saxena Deeksha , Sharma Anju , Siddiqui Mohammed Haris , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system from systemic
circulation and maintains the homeostasis of the brain. BBB permeability is one of the essential
characteristics of drugs acting on the central nervous system to indicate if the drug could
reach the brain or not. The available laboratory methods for the prediction of BBB permeability
are accurate but expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, many attempts have been made over
the years to predict the BBB permeability of compounds using computational approaches. The accuracy
of the prediction models with external dataset has always been an issue with the prediction
models.

Objective:
To develop Machine learning-based BBB permeability prediction model using physicochemical properties and molecular fingerprints

Methods:
Support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), Random forest (RF), and
Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithms were applied on a large dataset of 1978 compounds using 1917 feature
vectors containing physicochemical properties, MACCS fingerprints, and substructure fingerprints
to predict the BBB permeability.

Results and Discussion:
The comparative analysis of performance metrics of developed models
suggested that SVM with the radial basis function kernel performed better than the kNN, RF, and
NB algorithms. The BBB permeability prediction model's accuracy with the SVM was 96.77%.
The prediction performance of the model developed in this study was found better than the existing
machine learning-based BBB permeability prediction models.

Conclusion:
The prediction model developed in this study could be useful for screening compounds
based on their BBB permeability at the preliminary stages of drug design and development.
COVID-19 and Alcohol Misuse: A Case Report
Authors: Asadollahi-Amin Ali , Nowroozi Ali , Hasibi Mehrdad , Asanjarani Behzad , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
In the beginning of 2020, a newly emerged virus, now named SARS-CoV-2, began to spread in China. After four months, it has reached all over the globe, infecting more than 2.5 million people. Currently, there are no proved treatments available. However, in social media, false information about alcohol consumption and its role against the virus is spreading. We described a victim of these false facts who presented with reduced eyesight due to alcohol drinking, a few days later showed symptoms of COVID-19 and, even though treated, lost his eyesight partially. Alcohol taking has no preventive or curing effect on COVID-19 and negatively impacts the body and immune system, which, therefore, should not be considered a treatment for COVID-19 disease.
Two Cases of Double Pituitary Adenomas in a Surgical Series Over 16 Years in a Single Centre
Authors: Damiani Luca , Riccioni Luca , Nuzzi Daniele , Celico Mariella , Panzacchi Riccardo , Ragazzini Cecilia , Tosatto Luigino , Nasi Maria Teresa , Balestrieri Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Double pituitary adenomas (DA) are two morphologically and immunohystochemically
different tumours in the same gland. They are rare, generally small adenomas and
divided in: separated, when clearly recognizable before or during surgery, and contiguous, when diagnosed
only in the following histopathological examination. Acromegaly and Cushing’s disease
are the main prevalent clinical presentation.

Objective:
We described two cases of DA in a surgical series over 16 years in a single center.

Methods:
In September 2018, we diagnosed a DA in a man with acromegaly (case 1). In order to
assess the presence of other cases of DA, we performed a retrospective analysis of the endonasal
endoscopically operated sellar adenomas from January 2004 to December 2019.

Results :
468 pituitary adenomas were found. A DA with a Pit-1 positive macroadenoma (GH-TSH-
PRL positive) and an ACTH microadenoma clinically silent in an acromegalic woman was retrospectively
found (case 2).

Conclusion :
Our analysis confirms that DA are rare (0.4% of the pituitary adenomas) and often associated
with acromegaly. Their pre-operatively diagnosis is difficult but clinician’s awareness of
DA can improve the diagnosis. The use of pituitary transcription factors could be useful in detecting
DA.
Preparation and Evaluation of PCMs by Macro Encapsulation for Solar Energy Storage
Authors: Routray Sunita , Agarwal Vishal , Swain Ranjita , Mohapatro Rudra Narayan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are used in a latent heat storage
system for storing thermal energy. The thermal conductivity of PCMs is enhanced by
macro encapsulation for large-scale use.

Objective:
This technique not only provides a self-supporting structure of PCM but also
separates the PCM from thermal fluids and enhances the heat transfer rate.

Methods:
The current work involves the study of encapsulation of low-cost inorganic
PCMs, such as sodium nitrate (NaNO3), in a temperature range of 300 - 500°C. Silicate
coating is also applied to PCM capsules. A solar water heater is then designed using the
macro encapsulated PCM.

Result and Conclusion:
The water heater consists of cylindrical copper pipes filled with
phase change material. The efficiency of the solar water heater is found to be 22.5%
Network Analysis of Depressive Symptomatology in Elderly Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Park Seon-Cheol 
Published: February 2021

Background:
A novel psychopathological approach is the application of network
analysis, as it is proposed that symptoms and their interconnections constitute a disease itself,
rather than simply being components or outcome factors of disease.

Objective:
Using data from the Clinical Research Center for Depression (CRESCEND)
Study, this study examined depressive symptoms in elderly patients with major depressive
disorder using a network analysis approach.

Methods:
Among 135 elderly patients with major depressive disorder who were recruited from the CRESCEND study, we created a network based on individual items from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), with the nodes being each item (symptom) and the edges being the strength of the association between the items (interconnection). By calculating measures of centrality of each of the nodes, we were able to determine which depressive symptoms were most central (influential) in the network.

Results:
The insight item was completely unconnected with other items and it was excluded
in terms of network analysis. Thus, a network analysis of the 16 HAMD items estimated that
the anxiety psychic item was the most central domain, followed by insomnia (middle of the
night), depressive mood, and insomnia (early hours of the morning) items. On the contrary,
the retardation item was the most poorly interconnected with the network.

Conclusion:
We suggest that our study contributes to the literature because we have found
that anxiety, depressed mood, and insomnia are most central to the network, indicating that
they are the most influential symptoms in major depression in elderly individuals.
Corrosion Studies Using the Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) - A Brief Review
Authors: Hussain Amir 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique is an important method in
the field of corrosion. The technique has helped researchers to understand corrosion mechanisms
in real time, due to the availability of commercial systems, which are user-friendly, having a high
degree of sensitivity and reliability. The technique provides quantitative and qualitative
measurements by utilising a vibrating probe at a fixed height over the sample.

Objective:
The paper provides a basic understanding of the technique, including a brief history, development, method of measurement and then highlighting some applications of the technique.

Conclusion:
The paper shows the usefulness of the technique and its’ importance in corrosion
research.
Designing an mHealth Intervention for People With Visible Differences Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Participatory Study Gaining Stakeholders’ Input
Authors: Zucchelli Fabio , Donnelly Olivia , Rush Emma , Smith Harriet , Williamson Heidi ,   The VTCT Foundation Research Team
Published: February 2021

Background
Given their growing popularity, mobile health (mHealth) apps may offer a viable method of delivering psychological interventions for people with an atypical appearance (ie, visible difference) who struggle with appearance-related distress. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a third-wave cognitive behavioral approach, has been used effectively in mHealth and is being increasingly applied clinically to common psychosocial difficulties associated with visible differences. We planned to design an ACT-based mHealth intervention (ACT It Out) for this population.

Objective
The aim of this study is to gain key stakeholder input from user representatives and psychological clinicians to optimize the intervention’s design for future development and uptake. To do so, we explored considerations relating to mHealth as a delivery platform for adults with visible differences and elicited stakeholders’ design preferences and ideas based on initial author-created content.

Methods
Within a participatory design framework, we used a mix of qualitative methods, including usability sessions and a focus group in a face-to-face workshop, and interviews and textual feedback collected remotely, all analyzed using template analysis. A total of 6 user representatives and 8 clinicians were recruited for this study.

Results
Our findings suggest that there are likely to be strengths and challenges of mHealth as an intervention platform for the study population, with key concerns being user safeguarding and program adherence. Participants expressed design preferences toward relatable human content, interactive and actionable features, flexibility of use, accessibility, and engaging content.

Conclusions
The findings offer valuable design directions for ACT It Out and related interventions, emphasizing the need to carefully guide users through the intervention while acknowledging the limited time and space that mHealth affords.
How Proponents and Opponents Influence Achievement Motivation: The Role of the Anticipated Emotions of Other People
Authors: Simamora Bilson 
Published: February 2021

There are countless studies about the influence of other people’s emotions on individuals' behavior. However, the influence of proponents' and opponents' future emotions on achievement motivation remains unclear. This study aims to fill this gap. Therefore, departing from the emotional intelligence theory, the author materializes the anticipated emotions of other people concept and tests it using a static group experimental design with success and failure scenarios, involving 203 participants chosen judgmentally. When reminded of the proponents' joyfulness caused by their success, the Mann-Whitney U test with normal approximation, supported by the Monte Carlo estimation, shows that the mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals of the experimental group are enhanced. Whereas, when reminded that they would be envied and make the opponents feel distressed, the performance-approach goals are improved. In the failure scenario, when the participants were directed to the proponents' distress, as a response to their failure, the four components of the achievement goals are increased: mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance. However, the opponents' joyfulness, anticipated as a malicious schadenfreude to the participants' failure, is only successful in stimulating the performance-avoidance goals. A Bayesian estimate with 5,000 times bootstrapping reveals that self-efficacy mediates the influence of the proponents' anticipated joyfulness on the mastery-approach fully, and on the performance-approach goals in a complementary way. Complementary mediation is also apparent in the impact of the proponents' distress on the mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance goals. Above all, love for the proponents is more potent than hatred from social environments for increasing the achievement motivation. Further research is encouraged to replicate this study with different social behavior.
Transdermal Transport In Vitro of Domperidone by Compartmental Modeling Approach
Authors: Sekar Ayu Pawestri  , Kharis Nugroho Akhmad , Endang Lukitaningsih  
Published: February 2021

Transdermal delivery can be alternatively chosen for domperidone to improve its low oral bioavailability. Development drugs into transdermal formulation need information about the transport mechanism of the drug. The purpose of this study was to develop models of domperidone transdermal transport in vitro based on compartmental modeling for understanding the domperidone transport mechanism. Domperidone solution (0,5 g/L in a citric buffer, pH 5) was filled into the donor compartment. The comparative study also conducted to examine the effect of different pH on domperidone transdermal transport in pH 1 (4g/L in 0,1 M HCl). The shed snake-skin and cellophane membrane were pretreated for 1 hour with chemical enhancers (oleic acid in propylene glycol) and assembled between the donor and the receptor compartment of the vertical diffusion cell. The receptor compartment was filled in with phosphate-buffered saline at a pH of 6.8. The permeation study was performed for 8 hours.
Samples concentration was assayed by the UV-Spectrophotometry method. The cumulative permeation profiles of domperidone were analyzed using WinSAAM. Three and four-compartmental models were proposed with the one lag compartment. The evaluation of the appropriate number of compartments in the transport model was examined based on the visual goodness of fit (GOF) and the Corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc) values. Four-compartmental models with one lag compartment were the best model describing percutaneous domperidone transport either in pH donor of 5 or pH 1. The model indicates domperidone transport follows into two parallel routes, including a lag compartment.
HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS MINOR AILMENTS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: TAN LI-YING , CHUA SIEW SIANG 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to identify the types of minor ailments encountered by university students in Malaysia and the action taken in response to these ailments.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students from the various faculties in a major private and a public university in Malaysia. A researcher stationed at different areas of the universities to recruit respondents. If the student agreed to participate, he/she would sign a consent form and then self-filled a structured questionnaire.
Results: Of the 856 respondents included in this study, 68.6% were female and 60.6% rated their health status as ‘good’ or ‘very good’. During the one month period prior to the study, 87.4% of the respondents encountered at least one minor ailment. The five most common minor ailments encountered were headache (58.1%), common cold (42.8%), sore throat (42.6%), cough (40.3%) and back pain (27.6%). The main actions taken were rest at home and self-medication. The most common drug used for the treatment of minor ailments was paracetamol (49% of the respondents). Other drugs were used by less than 10% of the respondents. The main source of information was from parents (63.7%), followed by doctors (59.9%), internet (57.9%), pharmacists (33.9%) and friends (33.5%).
Conclusion: Headache is more common among university students compared to the general population. Further studies are required to understand the cause of headache among this population.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE METABOLITES OF ASPERGILLUS CHEVALIERI AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM
Authors: BEKOE EMELIA OPPONG , WIAFE-KWAGYAN MICHAEL , GAYSI JOYCELYN 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study sought to preliminarily investigate the inhibitory effect of metabolites of Aspergillus chevalieri and Trichoderma harzianum on a number of pathogenic bacteria.
Methods: The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of the fungal metabolites. The test microorganisms were Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Results: Both metabolites had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. All the test organisms were susceptible to the A. chevalieri metabolites except for S. typhi. Both S. typhi and E. faecalis were however not susceptible to T. harzianum metabolites. P. aeruginosa was highly susceptible to both metabolites with the highest zone of inhibition of 26 mm for the stock metabolite. This activity was comparable to the standard, 10 µg/ml of ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion: Metabolites of A. chevalieri and T. harzianum exhibited broad-spectrum activity, and this can be exploited as a source for novel antibiotics.
EFFICIENCY OF CURCUMIN AND CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AGAINST TOXICITY OF POTASSIUM DICHROMATE IN MALE MICE
Authors: MOHAMED NOURA RADY , BADR THANAA MOSTAFA , ELNAGAR MOHAMED R. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The purpose of this work is to examine the protective effect of nanocurcumin and nanochitosan supplementation against potassium dichromate toxicity in male mice.
Methods: Male albino mice weighing 25-30 gm were divided into six groups; the first group received saline. Second and third groups were given oral dose of nanocurcumin and nanochitosan respectively for 5 d. Fourth group was injected subcutaneously with a single dose of potassium dichromate for 24 h. Group five and six were administrated nanocurcumin and nanochitosan, respectively prior to potassium dichromate. Animals were anesthetized by ether anesthesia then bone marrow was harvested for chromosomal examination and epididymal sperms were collected for sperm morphology, while Kidneys and testes were collected for western blot and biochemical analysis.
Results: Potassium dichromate induced significant (P≤0.05) increase in chromosome and sperm abnormalities as well as testicular and renal MDA, renal MPO, renal contents of IL-18 and IGF-1, testicular contents of caspase 3 and cytosolic cytochrome c, a reduction in testosterone level, and GPx of renal and testicular tissues compared to control group. Pretreatment with both types of nanoparticles showed significant (P≤0.05) mitigation against most alterations induced by potassium dichromate; moreover, nanochitosan gave more significant (P≤0.05) improvement against chromosome and sperm abnormalities than nanocurcumin.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the selected nanoparticles have antioxidant as well as antigenotoxic properties against toxicity of potassium dichromate.
PENGARUH NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH, INFLASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP UTANG LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA TAHUN 2000-2017
Authors: Ibrahim Sofian , Hidayat Wahyu , Nuraini Ida 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the effect of exchange rate of rupiah, inflation and Economic Growth on Foreign debt in Indonesia in 2000-2017.The instrument Analysis used multiple linear regression method with OLS (ordinary least squares) method by using time series data. The method test using the classical assumption test and statistical test.From the analysis results obtained that the effect of exchange rate of rupiah is has positively effect and inflation have a negative effect while Economic Growth have a negative effect. Simultaneously of all these variables have a significant effect on Foreign debt in Indonesia. The conclusion of this reserch explains that all of variables, exchange rate of rupiah and Economic Growth variables have a significant postive effect on Foreign debt, and the variable that negatively effect on Foreign debt in Indonesia is inflation variable.
Research into the stiffness of beam-column joints of modular prefabricated buildings
Authors: Shirokov Viacheslav S. , Alpatov Vadim Yu. , Gordeyev Evgeniy A. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Rotational stiffness of a joint in modular building frames is the subject of this research. The stiffness of joints has a direct impact on the analysis of building structures. However, Russian design standards lack any clear instructions concerning this characteristic. Modular buildings have non-standard joints; therefore, it is necessary to study their rotational stiffness. The purpose of this work is to differentiate rigid joints, connecting a channel beam to a square pipe column, from semi-rigid ones.
Materials and methods. Joints are classified according to Eurocode 3, that sets the limits for pinned, rigid and semi-rigid joints. The component-based finite element model implemented in the IDEA StatiCA software package is used to calculate the value of initial rotational stiffness. Two types of joints were studied: one that has an angle stiffener, and the other that has none.
Results. The values of rotational stiffness of beam-column joints are obtained. It’s been identified that the joints of spans, typical for modular buildings, having no angle stiffeners, should be classified as semi-rigid and their rotational stiffness should be taken into account in designs. The variability of rotational stiffness of joints, having angle stiffeners, is nonlinear. If the dimensions of an angle stiffener are close to those of the cross section of a column, rotational stiffness rises steeply and joints turn rigid.
Conclusions. A nomogram was made for various sections of channels and pipes having minimum angle stiffener dimensions, ensuring the rigidity of beam-column joints. The nomogram is recommended as a guidance for setting angle stiffener dimensions.
Acknowledgements. The co-authors would like to express gratitude to the editorial staff for the fast preparation of this article for publication. The co-authors are also grateful to the reviewer for his constructive feedback that has enabled them to improve the text of the article.