bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health: A Guide for Your Health as a Periodontist’s Point of View
Authors: Vadvadgi Vinay H. , Mani Amit , Padmawar Neeta S. , Harihar Lingraj 
Published: June 2021

Dental caries and Periodontitis are the most commonly reported dental diseases. These can lead to loss of tooth structure and compromising the functions of teeth like mastication and thus affecting the overall health. Periodontitis is inflammation of periodontium resulting in loss of periodontal ligament attachment, bone destruction, tooth mobility and ultimately tooth loss. This is caused by the microorganisms present in the oral biofilm. One cubic millimeter of dental plaque contains about 100 million bacteria. At present almost more than 500-600 different varieties of bacteria have been identified in the oral cavity. Key perio-pathogens are the group of
perio-pathogens that are responsible for the commencement and progression of periodontal disease as well as failed periodontal therapy. A. actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis are the established key-pathogens in the various periodontal diseases. Through blood stream, these micro-organisms can be transported to various organs or system in the human body and causing and affecting overall health negatively. Endotoxins produced by these key perio-pathogens are associated with the non-oral diseases. It is a proven fact that periodontal health plays an important role in general health status in mankind. Periodontal pathogens can affect the systemic diseases and conditions adversely and can lead to unfavourable outcomes. Patients with cardiovascular diseases showed pathogens having same DNA as periodontal pathogens. In periodontitis patients, inflammatory mediators produced can trigger the hyperglycaemia. In pregnant women, premature birth and low birth weight is found linked with poor periodontal health. This paper highlights the role of periodontal health in various systemic diseases and conditions for better treatment planning and prevention of the adverse outcomes.
The effect of Astaxanthin on Experimentally Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Andijani Yusra Saleh , Alkreathy Huda Mohammed , Esmat Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To identify the potential renal protective effect produced by astaxanthin on streptozotocin-produced diabetic kidney disease in rats.
Study Design: Male Wistar rats (n=60) were separated into six groups, control, diabetic (streptozotocin 45 mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection), diabetic + ramipril (1 mg/kg oral gavage), diabetic + astaxanthin (10mg/kg oral gavage), diabetic + astaxanthin (50 mg/kg oral gavage), and astaxanthin-alone (50 mg/kg oral gavage) group.
Place and Duration of Treatment: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Duration of treatment was eight weeks.
Methodology: Fasting blood glucose, and symptoms of diabetes were evaluated weekly. Kidneys were evaluated by measuring serum creatinine level, kidney index, and hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Results: Eight-week astaxanthin treatment (50 mg/kg) in streptozotocin-produced diabetic kidney disease in rats significantly alleviated the diabetic symptoms (p = 0.05), and the decrease in body weight (P = .05) compared to nontreated diabetic rats. Nonetheless, the same dose produced a nonsignificant decline in fasting blood glucose level contrasted to diabetic rats (P = .45). Kidney index and serum creatinine of diabetic rats were significantly attenuated by both 10 and 50 mg/kg astaxanthin doses (P = .05). Additionally, renal architecture was preserved by high-dose astaxanthin treatment compared to nontreated diabetic rats.
Conclusion: Astaxanthin could protect against kidney damage associated with diabetes. Nevertheless, the impact of astaxanthin on biological markers of kidney damage in diabetes and the molecular pathways implicated in diabetic kidney disease requires additional investigation.
Pharmaco Economics Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccines in Ukraine
Authors: Volodymyrovych Tsekhmister Yaroslav , Ivanovich Stepanenko Viktor , Tetiana Konovalova , Yaroslavovych Tsekhmister Bogdan 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To evaluate pharmacoeconomics for the vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine and analyze the cost-effectiveness for the vaccine in Ukraine.
Study design: we have analyzed using models for the economics of coronavirus vaccine.
Place and duration of study: Sample: population of Ukraine, data used from the official website of Ministry of Health, Ukraine. April - May 2021
Methodology: We have used the transmission model to analyze the vaccine strategy. Data were collected from official sources. We structured an age group model for evaluating high transmitters. Four strategies were organized and analyzed for analyzing the cost-effective strategy vaccination for everyone, no vaccination, and vaccination for old age only, high transmitters’ vaccination.
Results: we have analyzed country specific cost-effective strategy for Ukraine depends upon the pandemic and economics of the country. Vaccinating older people was found to be the economically effective for Ukraine. In these study influences of discount rate analysis on QALY in Ukraine was done. When we vaccinate, high transmitters’ ratio was found to be 8.8% higher than for the elderly. This analysis suggests that vaccinating first the elderly group would not be so cost-effective. While doubling the cost for the vaccine, if the vaccine is available early with the scenario of pre-existing immunity has shifted cost-effectiveness for high transmitters than for the elderly in Ukraine
Conclusion: we conclude from our pharmacoeconomic research study that cost effective analysis depends on pandemic and vaccinating elderly would be effective economically.
Reproductive allocation of Solidago canadensis L. plays a key role in its invasiveness across a gradient of invasion degrees
Authors: Cheng Huiyuan , Wang Shu , Wei Mei , Wu Bingde , Du Daolin , Wang Congyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReproductive allocation (RA) plays a vital role in the development of ecological strategies during the life cycle of plant species. Invasive alien plants (IAP) may exist at various invasion degrees across a gradient of the colonization process with several grades of relative abundances in the occupied environments. The progressive variation in the invasion degree of IAP has the potential to modify their RA strategy. This study purposes of estimating the RA strategy of the IAP Solidago canadensis L. and the correlations among RA of S. canadensis, the invasion intensity of S. canadensis, the invasiveness of S. canadensis, and the community invasibility across a gradient of invasion degrees by using the field sampling experiment. The height and relative abundance of S. canadensis did not remarkably affect its RA. The RA of S. canadensis was positively related to its reproductive biomass and total biomass. The key reason may be that plant individuals with higher total biomass can allocate more resources into sexual reproduction. The RA of S. canadensis was positively related to its invasiveness. Thus, the RA of S. canadensis may be crucial to its invasiveness.
Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis
Authors: Eguinoa Irene , Göçmen Tuhfe , Garcia‐Rosa Paula B. , Das Kaushik , Petrović Vlaho , Kölle Konstanze , Manjock Andreas , Koivisto Matti J. , Smailes Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWind farm control (WFC) allows coordinated operation of the wind turbines within a wind power plant (WPP). However, its development has traditionally been split into the distinct disciplines of power plant control and farm flow control. As variable renewable energies, in particular wind energy, increase their penetration into the power system, grid code requirements become stricter for WPPs and electricity markets necessarily evolve. In such a context, crossfertilization between the two categories of WFC, targeting an integrated approach where applicable, becomes a priority. An initial overview on how to further align wind farm flow control (WFFC) to grid and electricity markets participation is provided, including an analysis of capabilities and prospects. In addition, greater detail is given about an open‐access dataset serving as market showcases for value demonstration of price‐driven operation of WPPs by means of WFFC.
PdPSe: Component‐Fusion‐Based Topology Designer of Two‐Dimensional Semiconductor
Authors: Duan Ruihuan , Zhu Chao , Zeng Qingsheng , Wang Xiaowei , Gao Yang , Deng Ya , He Yanchao , Yang Jiefu , Zhou Jiadong , Xu Manzhang , Liu Zheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNovel 2D semiconductors play an increasingly important role in modern nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Herein, a novel topology designer based on component fusion is introduced, featured by the submolecular component integration and properties inheritance. As expected, a new air‐stable 2D semiconductor PdPSe with a tailored puckered structure is successfully designed and synthesized via this method. Notably, the monolayer of PdPSe is constructed by two sublayers via PP bonds, different from 2D typical transition metal materials with sandwich‐structured monolayers. With the expected orthorhombic symmetry and intralayer puckering, PdPSe displays a strong Raman anisotropy. The field‐effect transistors and photodetectors based on few‐layer PdPSe demonstrate good electronic properties with high carrier mobility of ≈35 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a high on/off ratio of 106, as well as excellent optoelectronic performance, including high photoresponsivity, photogain, and detectivity with values up to 1.06 × 105 A W−1, 2.47 × 107%, and 4.84 × 1010 Jones, respectively. These results make PdPSe a promising air‐stable 2D semiconductor for various electronic and optoelectronic applications. This work suggests that the component‐fusion‐based topology designer is a novel approach to tailor 2D materials with expected structures and interesting properties.
Bonding Strength Regulates Anchoring‐Based Self‐Assembly Monolayers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Erpeng , Liu Cong , Lin Hongzhen , Xu Xiaojia , Liu Shuaijun , Zhang Shuo , Yu Miaojie , Cao Xiao‐Ming , Wu Yongzhen , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnchoring‐based self‐assembly (ASA) has emerged as a material‐saving and highly scalable strategy to fabricate charge‐transporting monolayers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the interfacial hole‐extraction and electron‐blocking performances are highly dependent on the compactness of the ASA monolayers, which has been largely ignored though it is very crucial to the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Here, strategically designed hole‐transporting molecules with different anchoring groups are incorporated to investigate the effect of bonding strength on monolayer quality and correlate these with the performance of p‐i‐n structured PSCs. It is unraveled that the anchoring groups with a stronger bonding strength are advantageous for improving the assembly rate, density, and compactness of ASA monolayer, thus enhancing charge collection and suppressing interfacial recombination. The prototypical PSCs based on optimal ASA monolayer achieve a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.43% (0.09 cm2). More encouragingly, when enlarging the device area by tenfold, a comparable PCE of 20.09% (1.0 cm2) can be obtained, suggesting that the ASA strategy is practically useful for scaling‐up. The robust anchoring of the ASA monolayer also enhances devices stability, retaining 90% of initial PCE after three months. This study provides important insights into the ASA charge‐transporting monolayers for efficient and stable PSCs.
Discretizing Three‐Dimensional Oxygen Gradients to Modulate and Investigate Cellular Processes
Authors: Blatchley Michael R. , Hall Franklyn , Ntekoumes Dimitris , Cho Hyunwoo , Kailash Vidur , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael , Gerecht Sharon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the increased realization of the effect of oxygen (O2) deprivation (hypoxia) on cellular processes, recent efforts have focused on the development of engineered systems to control O2 concentrations and establish biomimetic O2 gradients to study and manipulate cellular behavior. Nonetheless, O2 gradients present in 3D engineered platforms result in diverse cell behavior across the O2 gradient, making it difficult to identify and study O2 sensitive signaling pathways. Using a layer‐by‐layer assembled O2‐controllable hydrogel, the authors precisely control O2 concentrations and study uniform cell behavior in discretized O2 gradients, then recapitulate the dynamics of cluster‐based vasculogenesis, one mechanism for neovessel formation, and show distinctive gene expression patterns remarkably correlate to O2 concentrations. Using RNA sequencing, it is found that time‐dependent regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling enables cell survival and clustering in the high stress microenvironments. Various extracellular matrix modulators orchestrate hypoxia‐driven endothelial cell clustering. Finally, clustering is facilitated by regulators of cell–cell interactions, mainly vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Taken together, novel regulators of hypoxic cluster‐based vasculogenesis are identified, and evidence for the utility of a unique platform is provided to study dynamic cellular responses to 3D hypoxic environments, with broad applicability in development, regeneration, and disease.
Detecting amyloid positivity in early Alzheimer's disease using combinations of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p‐tau
Authors: Janelidze Shorena , Palmqvist Sebastian , Leuzy Antoine , Stomrud Erik , Verberk Inge M.W. , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J. , Pesini Pedro , Sarasa Leticia , Allué José Antonio , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Dage Jeffrey L. , Blennow Kaj , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe studied usefulness of combining blood amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217, and neurofilament light (NfL) to detect abnormal brain Aβ deposition in different stages of early Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsPlasma biomarkers were measured using mass spectrometry (Aβ42/Aβ40) and immunoassays (p‐tau217 and NfL) in cognitively unimpaired individuals (CU, N = 591) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 304) from two independent cohorts (BioFINDER‐1, BioFINDER‐2).ResultsIn CU, a combination of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p‐tau217 detected abnormal brain Aβ status with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 to 0.86. In MCI, the models including p‐tau217 alone or Aβ42/Aβ40 and p‐tau217 had similar AUCs (0.86–0.88); however, the latter showed improved model fit. The models were implemented in an online application providing individualized risk assessments (https://brainapps.shinyapps.io/PredictABplasma/).DiscussionA combination of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p‐tau217 discriminated Aβ status with relatively high accuracy, whereas p‐tau217 showed strongest associations with Aβ pathology in MCI but not in CU.
Pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by deficiency of NMDA receptor subunit GluN3A
Authors: Zhong Weiwei , Wu Anika , Berglund Ken , Gu Xiaohuan , Jiang Michael Qize , Talati Jay , Zhao Jingjie , Wei Ling , Yu Shan Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Ca2+ hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) conceives Ca2+ dyshomeostasis as a common mechanism of AD; the cause of Ca2+ dysregulation, however, is obscure. Meanwhile, hyperactivities of N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs), the primary mediator of Ca2+ influx, are reported in AD. GluN3A (NR3A) is an NMDAR inhibitory subunit. We hypothesize that GluN3A is critical for sustained Ca2+ homeostasis and its deficiency is pathogenic for AD. Cellular, molecular, and functional changes were examined in adult/aging GluN3A knockout (KO) mice. The GluN3A KO mouse brain displayed age‐dependent moderate but persistent neuronal hyperactivity, elevated intracellular Ca2+, neuroinflammation, impaired synaptic integrity/plasticity, and neuronal loss. GluN3A KO mice developed olfactory dysfunction followed by psychological/cognitive deficits prior to amyloid‐β/tau pathology. Memantine at preclinical stage prevented/attenuated AD syndromes. AD patients’ brains show reduced GluN3A expression. We propose that chronic “degenerative excitotoxicity” leads to sporadic AD, while GluN3A represents a primary pathogenic factor, an early biomarker, and an amyloid‐independent therapeutic target.
Alkene Difunctionalization Triggered by a Stabilized Allenyl Radical: Concomitant Installation of Two Unsaturated C−C Bonds
Authors: Wei Yunlong , Zhang Hong , Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRadical‐mediated difunctionalization of alkenes provides a promising approach to introduce one alkenyl or alkynyl group to target compounds. However, simultaneous installation of two unsaturated C−C bonds via alkene difunctionalization remains elusive, attributable to the high instability and transient lifetimes of alkenyl and alkynyl radicals. Herein, we report the photocatalytic 1,2‐alkynylalkenylation and 1,2‐enynylalkenylation of alkenes for the first time, triggered by the intermolecular addition of a stabilized allenyl radical to an alkene. A portfolio of strategically designed, easily accessible dual‐function reagents are applied to a radical docking‐migration cascade. The protocol has broad substrate scope and efficiently increases the degree of unsaturation.
Fluorescence‐Detected Pump–Probe Spectroscopy
Authors: Malý Pavel , Brixner Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new approach to transient spectroscopy, fluorescence‐detected pump–probe (F‐PP) spectroscopy, that overcomes several limitations of traditional PP. F‐PP suppresses excited‐state absorption, provides background‐free detection, removes artifacts resulting from pump–pulse scattering, from non‐resonant solvent response, or from coherent pulse overlap, and allows unique extraction of excited‐state dynamics under certain conditions. Despite incoherent detection, time resolution of F‐PP is given by the duration of the laser pulses, independent of the fluorescence lifetime. We describe the working principle of F‐PP and provide its theoretical description. Then we illustrate specific features of F‐PP by direct comparison with PP, theoretically and experimentally. For this purpose, we investigate, with both techniques, a molecular squaraine heterodimer, core–shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and fluorescent protein mCherry. F‐PP is broadly applicable to chemical systems in various environments and in different spectral regimes.
Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives
Authors: Anderson Joseph M. , Measom Nicholas D. , Murphy John A. , Poole Darren L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract“Escaping from flatland”, by increasing the saturation level and three‐dimensionality of drug‐like compounds, can enhance their potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile. One approach that has attracted considerable recent attention is the bioisosteric replacement of aromatic rings, internal alkynes and tert‐butyl groups with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) units. While functionalisation of the tertiary bridgehead positions of BCP derivatives is well‐documented, functionalisation of the three concyclic secondary bridge positions remains an emerging field. The unique properties of the BCP core present considerable synthetic challenges to the development of such transformations. However, the bridge positions provide novel vectors for drug discovery and applications in materials science, providing entry to novel chemical and intellectual property space. This Minireview aims to consolidate the major advances in the field, serving as a useful reference to guide further work that is expected in the coming years.
One‐Pot and Two‐Chamber Methodologies for Using Acetylene Surrogates in the Synthesis of Pyridazines and Their D‐Labeled Derivatives
Authors: Ledovskaya Maria S. , Polynski Mikhail V. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcetylene surrogates are efficient tools in modern organic chemistry with largely unexplored potential in the construction of heterocyclic cores. Two novel synthetic paths to 3,6‐disubstituted pyridazines were proposed using readily available acetylene surrogates through flexible C2 unit installation procedures in a common reaction space mode (one‐pot) and distributed reaction space mode (two‐chamber): (1) an interaction of 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and its acceptor‐functionalized derivatives with a CaC2−H2O mixture performed in a two‐chamber reactor led to the corresponding pyridazines in quantitative yields; (2) [4+2] cycloaddition of 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines to benzyl vinyl ether can be considered a universal synthetic path to a wide range of pyridazines. Replacing water with D2O and vinyl ether with its trideuterated analog in the developed procedures, a range of 4,5‐dideuteropyridazines of 95–99% deuteration degree was synthesized for the first time. Quantum chemical modeling allowed to quantify the substituent effect in both synthetic pathways.
Changes in the gut microbiome associated with infliximab in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Bharwani Aadil , Szamosi Jake C. , Taylor Valerie H. , Lee Yena , Bala Asem , Mansur Rodrigo , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Surette Michael , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesAvailable information exists supporting the gut–brain axis, but additional information is needed to explore how the gut microbiome changes when exposed to mood disorder treatments. We sought to explore the effects of a novel treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), infliximab, on the gut microbiome.MethodsParticipants with a primary diagnosis of BD (n = 15) who participated in a 12‐week, randomized placebo‐controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of adjunctive infliximab in the treatment of BD were recruited and followed. Stool samples were collected prior to randomization and at 12 weeks. 16S rRNA sequencing was employed in order to analyze the gut microbial community profile.ResultsA total of 17 participants were randomized to infliximab (n = 9; mean [SD] age, 47.6 [10.3] years; 8 female) or to placebo (n = 8; mean [SD] age, 45.9 [10.7] years; 7 female) but two participants from the infliximab group were lost to follow‐up post randomization. Across all time points, there were no differences in the diversity on either Shannon or Simpson's Diversity indices. Comparison of Aitchison distances revealed a lack of clustering of the microbiota by time point, but did reveal a small overall effect of treatment that was not significantly different at individual time points. There were also no effects of either time or treatment on differential abundance at either the amplicon sequence variant or genus level.ConclusionsThese observations indicate that no community‐wide changes in the microbiota diversity and profile were detected after the use of infliximab treatment.