bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Iris volume using swept‐source optical coherence tomography in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Meng Jie , Han Xiao , Wang Wei , Gong Xia , Li Wangting , Xiong Kun , Li Yuting , Zhang Xiulan , Liang Xiaoling , Huang Jingjing , Huang Wenyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate iris volume before and after pupil dilation using swept‐source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS‐ASOCT) and investigate the associated factors of iris volume and iris volume change after pupil dilation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center among T2DM registered patients in the community of Guangzhou, China. Anterior chamber volume (ACV), iris volume, anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance at 500 μm (AOD 500) and pupil diameter were estimated using SS‐ASOCT (CASIA; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). Venous blood was taken for the measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbAlc). All biometric measurements were performed before and after pharmacologic pupil dilation.ResultsA total of 117 subjects were included in the analysis. The mean age (±SD) was 64.96 ± 7.75 years, and 62.4% were females. After pupil dilation, iris volume decreased in all eyes. Shorter duration of diabetes (p = 0.035), longer axial length (p < 0.001) and smaller pupil diameter (p < 0.001) were associated with larger iris volume. The change in iris volume per millimetre change in pupil diameter was 1.35mm3/mm. Smaller baseline iris volume (p = 0.002) and higher HbA1c level (p = 0.010) were associated with smaller change in iris volume per millimetre change in pupil diameter, after adjusting for other factors.ConclusionIris volume can be estimated by SS‐ASOCT. Diabetic duration was associated with static anatomy of iris volume, while HbA1c level indicated the dynamic response of iris volume. It is likely that diabetic duration and HbA1c level could affect the macroscopic and microscopic composition of the iris in the diabetic population.
Selected or rejected: Men and women's reactions to affirmative action procedures in hiring
Authors: Carlsson Rickard , Sinclair Samantha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious research suggests that affirmative action policies tend to be perceived more negatively by men than by women, and by nonbeneficiaries relative to beneficiaries. However, studies focusing on men as beneficiaries are scarce. The present paper reports the results of two preregistered studies conducted in Sweden. Study 1 investigated gender differences in reactions to being selected for a position based on either a strong or weak type of affirmative action policy. The results revealed that men (relative to women) displayed more negative attitudes, but not stronger resentment, and that a procedure using explicit quotas was perceived more negatively than a softer type of preferential treatment. In Study 2, we experimentally manipulated whether participants imagined being selected or rejected due to the same preferential treatment policy. Again, men displayed more negative attitudes than women, but not stronger resentment. The results further showed that attitudes were negative regardless of whether one was selected or rejected. However, those who were rejected felt stronger resentment than those who were selected. This effect was significant for both men and women, but stronger among women. Implications for research, organizations, and policy‐makers are discussed.
Double‐edged effects of tamoxifen‐in‐oil‐gavage on an infectious murine model for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hülskötter Kirsten , Jin Wen , Allnoch Lisa , Hansmann Florian , Schmidtke Daniel , Rohn Karl , Flügel Alexander , Lühder Fred , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Herder Vanessa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTamoxifen gavage is a commonly used method to induce genetic modifications in cre‐loxP systems. As a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), the compound is known to have immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties in non‐infectious central nervous system (CNS) disorders. It can even cause complete prevention of lesion development as seen in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). The effect on infectious brain disorders is scarcely investigated. In this study, susceptible SJL mice were infected intracerebrally with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) and treated three times with a tamoxifen‐in‐oil‐gavage (TOG), resembling an application scheme for genetically modified mice, starting at 0, 18, or 38 days post infection (dpi). All mice developed ‘TMEV‐induced demyelinating disease’ (TMEV‐IDD) resulting in inflammation, axonal loss, and demyelination of the spinal cord. TOG had a positive effect on the numbers of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, irrespective of the time point of application, whereas late application (starting 38 dpi) was associated with increased demyelination of the spinal cord white matter 85 dpi. Furthermore, TOG had differential effects on the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the CNS, especially a long lasting increase of CD8+ cells was detected in the inflamed spinal cord, depending of the time point of TOG application. Number of TMEV‐positive cells, astrogliosis, astrocyte phenotype, apoptosis, clinical score, and motor function were not measurably affected. These data indicate that tamoxifen gavage has a double‐edged effect on TMEV‐IDD with the promotion of oligodendrocyte differentiation and proliferation, but also increased demyelination, depending on the time point of application. The data of this study suggest that tamoxifen has also partially protective functions in infectious CNS disease. These effects should be considered in experimental studies using the cre‐loxP system, especially in models investigating neuropathologies.
Innovative in situ investigations using synchrotron‐based micro tomography and molecular dynamics simulation for fouling assessment in ceramic membranes for dairy and food industry
Authors: Mollahosseini Arash , Min Lee Kyu , Abdelrasoul Amira , Doan Huu , Zhu Ning 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProteins in dairy streams result in organic fouling and function loss for ceramic membrane's porous structure. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray microtomography (SR‐µCT) is a new method with a high signal to noise ratio and accordingly significant level of accuracy. The goal of this study was to perform an in situ assessment of ceramic membrane fouling in the dairy stream filtration process, using SR‐µCT. This study attempted to assess porosity variation and membrane fouling through different layers from the top, middle, and bottom layers of the ceramic microfiltration membrane before and after skimming milk filtration. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was used for depth understanding of milk protein interactions with the ceramic membrane. Fouling was found to be more intense on the top of the ceramic membrane even though the top layer was slightly more porous, which indicates that top layers were more prone to fouling. A regression model was derived to correlate the porosity loss due to membrane fouling at different membrane thicknesses. The MDS results showed more affinity of the milk proteins to the ceramic membrane compared to water molecules. The MDS studies showed how the presence of the milk's protein macromolecules could change the hydrophilicity trend on the membrane's surface.
Theta‐phase stabilization by rare‐earth and alkali incorporation in sol‐gel derived alumina
Authors: Tian Peijing , Müller Lenka , Zitnan Michal , Sajzew Roman , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBottom‐up synthesis of alumina suspensions doped with trivalent (Eu3+) or monovalent (K+) ions is reported as a means to generate crystalline transition‐phase alumina with increased thermal stability. Dynamic light scattering was used to track the stability of precursor sols, showing how the dissolved cations contribute to the stabilizing double layer and particle separation in the liquid phase. The incorporation of alkali or rare‐earth dopants into the alumina structure further influences the thermal conversion and crystallization behavior. The Kissinger activation energy of the θ → α phase transition in Al2O3 indicates an inhibitory effect of Eu3+ and K+ on the formation of the stable α phase, also confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The intensity ratio of the 7F2/7F1 characteristic photoemission bands of Eu3+ was used to probe the local symmetry as a function of calcination temperature to further corroborate this observation.
Wear and marginal quality of aesthetic crowns for primary molars
Authors: Möhn Mirja , Frankenberger Roland , Krämer Norbert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to limited aesthetics of stainless‐steel crowns, the demand for tooth‐coloured crowns has recently risen. Few studies have investigated the marginal integrity and wear behaviour of tooth‐coloured primary molar crowns under subcritical load in vitro.AimThis in vitro study evaluated the marginal quality and wear of newly introduced resin composite and hybrid ceramic crowns compared with metal and zirconia crowns.DesignMetal, resin composite, hybrid ceramic (CAD/CAM), and various zirconia crowns were investigated. After thermomechanical loading (2,500 thermocycles/100,000 × 50N), marginal quality of luting gaps and wear of crowns/antagonists were evaluated using replicas under a light or 3D laser scanning microscope. Results were analysed with the Mann‐Whitney U test or one‐way ANOVA (p < .05).ResultsMarginal quality of the new resin composite and hybrid ceramic crowns performed well in comparison with SSC and zirconia crowns. Adhesive bonding of crowns resulted in superior marginal seal compared with conventional GIC (Mann‐Whitney U test, p < .05). Regarding wear, zirconia crowns exhibited significantly worse results than resin composite or hybrid ceramic crowns and SSCs (ANOVA, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe new resin composite and hybrid ceramic crown exhibited good performance in comparison with SSCs and zirconia crowns considering both wear and marginal quality after subcritical loading.
Next‐generation sequencing in two cases of de novo acute basophilic leukaemia
Authors: Shimizu Takuya , Kondo Tadakazu , Nannya Yasuhito , Watanabe Mizuki , Kitawaki Toshio , Shindo Takero , Hishizawa Masakatsu , Yamashita Kouhei , Ogawa Seishi , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcute basophilic leukaemia (ABL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); therefore, few data are available about its biology. Herein, we analysed two ABL patients using flow cytometry and next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Two cell populations were detected by flow cytometry in both patients. In Case no. 1, blasts (CD34+, CD203c−, CD117+, CD123dim+) and basophils (CD34−, CD203c+, CD117±, CD123+) were identified, both of which were found by NGS to harbour the 17p deletion and have loss of heterozygosity of TP53. In Case no. 2, blasts (CD33+, CD34+, CD123−) and basophils (CD33+, CD34+, CD123+) were identified. NGS detected NPM1 mutations in either blasts or basophils, and TET2 in both. These data suggest an overlap of the mutational landscape of ABL and AML, including TP53 and TET2 mutations. Moreover, additional mutations or epigenetic factors may contribute for the differentiation into basophilic blasts.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) drying in natural circulation solar dryer: An experimental evaluation
Authors: Gill Raminder Singh , Singh Sukhmeet , Hans Vishavjeet Singh , Mittal Tarsem Chand 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA natural circulation solar dryer has been evaluated for drying differently processed turmeric. The predrying treatments namely, hydrothermal treatment using water boiling and steam boiling; and drying methods namely, drying of sliced and unsliced turmeric rhizomes have been investigated. The open sun drying and untreated unsliced turmeric rhizome was used as control. The maximum thermal efficiency of this passive solar dryer has been obtained as 22.4% for the water boiled sliced turmeric, and while that for the steam boiled unsliced turmeric was 14.1%. The thermal efficiency was comparatively lower for untreated turmeric. The quality parameters namely, polishing loss, curcumin content, volatile oil content, total recovery, and color, were found better for steam boiled unsliced turmeric dried in solar dryer. Based on combined perspective of thermal efficiency and quality, drying of unsliced rhizome pretreated with steam in natural circulation solar dryer is recommended as compared to other processing practices. The dryer is economically feasible as indicated by the cumulative present worth of life cycle savings and payback period.Practical ApplicationsIn India, turmeric is an essential part of cuisine. The drying operation consumes maximum time and energy in postharvest processing of turmeric. The conventional practice of drying is open sun. The aim of the article was to find the best drying method and pretreatment method for drying in a natural circulation solar dryer, which will also result in saving conventional energy. It was found that the drying in this solar dryer results in lesser drying time and better quality as compared to conventional method of open sun drying.
Building safety cultures at the frontline: An emancipatory Practice Development approach for strengthening nursing surveillance on an acute care ward
Authors: Peet Jacqueline , Theobald Karen A. , Douglas Clint 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate an emancipatory Practice Development approach for strengthening nursing surveillance on a single medical‐surgical ward.BackgroundRegistered nurses keep patients safe in acute care settings through the complex process of nursing surveillance. Our interest was understanding how frontline teams can build safety cultures that enable proactive nursing surveillance in acute care wards.DesignA year‐long emancipatory Practice Development project.MethodsA collaborative relationship was established around a shared interest of nursing surveillance capacity and researcher embedded on a medical‐surgical ward. Critical analysis of workplace observations and reflection with staff generated key sites for collective action. Ward engagement was supported by creative Practice Development methods including holistic facilitation, critical reflection and action learning. An action learning set was established with a group of clinical nurses, facilitating practitioner‐led change initiatives which strengthened nursing surveillance and workplace learning. Evaluation supported an iterative approach, building on what worked in an acute care context. Immersive researcher evaluation, drawing on multiple data sources, generated an analysis of how ward nursing surveillance capacity can be strengthened. COREQ criteria guided reporting.ResultsThe ward moved through a turbulent and transformative process of resistance and retreat towards a new learning culture where nursing surveillance was visible and valued. Staff developed and sustained innovations including the ‘My MET Call series’, a ‘Shared GCS initiative’, an enhanced ‘Team Safety Huddle’, and staff‐led Practice Development workshops. These new practices affirmed nurses’ agency, asserted nurses’ clinical knowledge, positioned nurses to participate in team decision‐making and humanised care.ConclusionWorking collaboratively with frontline staff enabled bottom‐up sustainable innovation to strengthen nursing surveillance capacity where it mattered most, at the point of care.Relevance to clinical practiceEmancipatory Practice Development enables the profound impact of small‐scale, microsystem level practice transformation. It is an accessible methodology for clinical teams to develop effective workplace cultures.
Food Literacy Interventions in Elementary Schools: A Systematic Scoping Review*
Authors: Kelly Rebecca K. , Nash Rosie 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildhood is a critical period for developing food‐related skills and knowledge, known as food literacy (FL). Schools may be an important setting for interventions aiming to improve FL in children. This systematic scoping review aimed to characterize food literacy interventions in elementary schools.METHODSDatabases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO) were searched for FL interventions in elementary schools (students aged 4‐12 years). Studies were assessed according to design, duration, theoretical underpinning, and ascertainment of FL outcome(s). Interventions were assessed according to FL competencies (functional, interactive, and critical).RESULTSAfter exclusions, 116 studies were eligible for review, including 105 original interventions. Interventions ranged from 45 minutes to 4 years. Social cognitive theory was the most referenced theory and common interventions included; classroom lessons, games, school gardens, food preparation, and cooking classes. Most studies measured FL outcomes quantitatively (96%, N = 111). All studies addressed functional FL (N = 116), while 77% (N = 89) addressed interactive FL and 28% (N = 32) addressed critical FL.CONCLUSIONSThis first international review of FL programs in elementary schools found great heterogeneity in school‐based FL intervention design and measurement of FL. Few interventions addressed critical FL, which should be a focus for future interventions.
Nanotextures and formation process of coesite in silica glass from the Xiuyan impact crater
Authors: Yin Feng , Sharp Thomas G. , Chen Ming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoesite embedded in silica glass in suevite from the Xiuyan crater has been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to better understand the mechanisms at formation of coesite. Coesite grains in this study mainly occur as vein‐like aggregates (10–40 μm in width) and irregular aggregates (IAs; <40 μm in size). Both aggregate types are composed of subhedral to anhedral coesite crystals with random orientations. Most of the crystals are 100–1000 nm in size, and some display twinning. The shape, twinning, and random orientation of coesite crystals suggest rapid crystallization in amorphous silica that became supercooled. The center of vein‐like aggregates crystallized from localized silica melt within diaplectic silica glass, whereas the rim of vein‐like aggregates and IAs crystallized from diaplectic silica glass. The size and amount of coesite crystals in the vein‐like aggregate vary greatly from the rim to the center of such veins. Microstructures suggest that the crystals nucleated heterogeneously at the outer rim of the vein and nucleated homogeneously within the vein. IAs do not show any changes in size and amount of coesite crystals from the rim to core of such aggregates. Coesite crystals in IAs primarily nucleate heterogeneously in diaplectic silica glass. It can be concluded that vein‐like coesite aggregates are mainly formed by crystallization from silica melt, and irregular coesite aggregates should be formed by solid‐state transformation of diaplectic silica glass.
Learning networks in pediatric heart failure and transplantation
Authors: O’Connor Matthew J. , Lorts Angela , Kwiatkowski David , Butts Ryan , Barnes Aliessa , Jeewa Aamir , Knoll Christopher , Fenton Matthew , McQueen Melissa , Cousino Melissa K. , Shugh Svetlana , Rosenthal David N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLearning networks have emerged in medicine as a novel organizational structure that contains elements of quality improvement, education, and research with the goal of effecting rapid improvements in clinical care. In this article, the concept of a learning network is defined and highlighted in the field of pediatric heart failure and transplantation.MethodsLearning networks are defined, with particular attention paid to the recent creation of the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) for children with heart failure and those being supported with ventricular assist devices (VAD).ResultsThe mission, goals, and organizational structure of ACTION are described, and recent initiatives promoted by ACTION are highlighted, such as stroke reduction initiatives, practice harmonization protocols, and use of ACTION data to support the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of newer VAD for pediatric patients.ConclusionsThe learning network, exemplified by ACTION, is distinguished from traditional clinical research collaboratives by contributions in research, quality improvement, patient‐reported outcomes, and education, and serves as an effective vehicle to drive clinical improvement in the care of children with advanced heart failure.
Development, nutrition, and rearing practices of relevant catfish species (Siluriformes) at early stages
Authors: Gisbert Enric , Luz Ronald Kennedy , Fernández Ignacio , Pradhan Pravata K. , Salhi Maria , Mozanzadeh Mansour T. , Kumar Aditya , Kotzamanis Yannis , Castro‐Ruiz Diana , Bessonart Martin , Darias Maria J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCatfish (Siluriformes) are important species for aquaculture worldwide, with an annual production in 2018 of ca. 6 million t. This review focuses on reassessing larval development, first feeding, and early rearing practices of the most important farmed catfish species, along with some candidate species for aquaculture diversification: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Pangasiidae), Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae), Ictalurus punctatus (Ictaluridae), Pseudoplatystoma spp. (Pimelodidae), Heteropneustes fossilis (Heteropneustidae), Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae), Ompok bimaculatus (Siluridae), and Lophiosilurus alexandri (Pseudopimelodidade). These species are initially reared indoors from one day to two weeks and are then transferred to fertilised outdoor ponds where they either feed on natural zooplankton or compound feeds. With the exception of C. gariepinus, I. punctatus, R. quelen and P. hypophthalmus, consistent and reliable fry production is a bottleneck that limits the expansion of farming of other species, such as Pseudoplatystoma spp., H. fossilis, O. bimaculatus, and L. alexandri. Rearing systems (extensive, semi‐extensive, intensive) and feeding protocols vary with species and geographical regions. Cannibalism and size heterogeneity are common, and these features create problems for larval and fry rearing of catfish species. Information about their nutritional requirements is required for the formulation of compound feeds that can guarantee high survival and good growth of catfish fries. However, such knowledge for most species is scarce, although some data are available for I. punctatus. Further genomic resources might allow fine‐tuning rearing success. This review describes some successes in this field, and also highlights gaps in knowledge to guide future research that can promote the development of catfish aquaculture.
Threshold concepts in religious studies: A qualitative and theoretical exploration of threshold concepts in a “nodal” curriculum
Authors: Mosurinjohn Sharday C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores “threshold concepts” in North American religious studies undergraduate education. The threshold concepts approach concentrates on how certain concepts or learning experiences can act like the threshold of a doorway that opens onto a new perspective for the learner. Crucially, they come into play in learning to think like a professional within a discipline. Little work has been done on threshold concepts in religious studies. In this article I explore what threshold concepts might be central to it. I also distinguish religious studies as a “nodal” discipline, in contrast to “sequential” ones, and describe how threshold concepts function in a nodal curriculum differently than they do in a sequential one. Drawing on the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning literature, plus my own focus group data from religious studies faculty and students, I argue that the threshold concepts approach is useful for religious studies professors examining what concepts should be at the heart of our curricula and what it means to “think like a religious studies scholar.”