bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with higher risk of cancer: a behavioral risk factor surveillance system study
Authors: Jain Vardhmaan , Rifai Mahmoud Al , Brinzevich Daria , Taj Mehrunnissa , Saleh Mansoor , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Patel Jaideep , Patel Ashley , Lee Michelle T , Mahtta Dhruv , Virani Salim S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and risk of cancer in young adults.

Methods
We utilized data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative US telephone-based survey to identify participants in the age group of 18–55 years who reported a history of ASCVD. These patients were defined as having premature ASCVD. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to study the association between premature ASCVD and cancer including various cancer subtypes.

Results
Between 2016 and 2019, we identified 28 522 (3.3%) participants with a history of premature ASCVD. Compared with patients without premature ASCVD, individuals with premature ASCVD were more likely to be Black adults, have lower income, lower levels of education, reside in states without Medicaid expansion, have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and had delays in seeking medical care. Individuals with premature ASCVD were more likely to have been diagnosed with any form of cancer (13.7% vs 3.9%), and this association remained consistent in multivariable models (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 2.08 [1.72–2.50], P &lt; 0.01); this association was significant for head and neck (21.08[4.86–91.43], P &lt; 0.01), genitourinary (18.64 [3.69–94.24], P &lt; 0.01), and breast cancer (3.96 [1.51–10.35], P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, this association was consistent when results were stratified based on gender and race, and in sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching.

Conclusion
Premature ASCVD is associated with a higher risk of cancer. These data have important implications for the design of strategies to prevent ASCVD and cancer in young adults.
Large Phylogenomic Data sets Reveal Deep Relationships and Trait Evolution in Chlorophyte Green Algae
Authors: Li Xi , Hou Zheng , Xu Chenjie , Shi Xuan , Yang Lingxiao , Lewis Louise A , Zhong Bojian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The chlorophyte green algae (Chlorophyta) are species-rich ancient groups ubiquitous in various habitats with high cytological diversity, ranging from microscopic to macroscopic organisms. However, the deep phylogeny within core Chlorophyta remains unresolved, in part due to the relatively sparse taxon and gene sampling in previous studies. Here we contribute new transcriptomic data and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of core Chlorophyta based on four large data sets up to 2,698 genes of 70 species, representing 80% of extant orders. The impacts of outgroup choice, missing data, bootstrap-support cutoffs, and model misspecification in phylogenetic inference of core Chlorophyta are examined. The species tree topologies of core Chlorophyta from different analyses are highly congruent, with strong supports at many relationships (e.g., the Bryopsidales and the Scotinosphaerales-Dasycladales clade). The monophyly of Chlorophyceae and of Trebouxiophyceae as well as the uncertain placement of Chlorodendrophyceae and Pedinophyceae corroborate results from previous studies. The reconstruction of ancestral scenarios illustrates the evolution of the freshwater-sea and microscopic–macroscopic transition in the Ulvophyceae, and the transformation of unicellular→colonial→multicellular in the chlorophyte green algae. In addition, we provided new evidence that serine is encoded by both canonical codons and noncanonical TAG code in Scotinosphaerales, and stop-to-sense codon reassignment in the Ulvophyceae has originated independently at least three times. Our robust phylogenetic framework of core Chlorophyta unveils the evolutionary history of phycoplast, cyto-morphology, and noncanonical genetic codes in chlorophyte green algae.
Log Symplectic Manifolds and [Q,R]=0
Authors: Lin Yi , Loizides Yiannis , Sjamaar Reyer , Song Yanli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe show, under an orientation hypothesis, that a log symplectic manifold with simple normal crossing singularities has a stable almost complex structure, and hence is Spin$_c$. In the compact Hamiltonian case we prove that the index of the Spin$_c$ Dirac operator twisted by a prequantum line bundle satisfies a $[Q,R]=0$ theorem.
Comparison of women and men in biomedical informatics scientific dissemination: retrospective observational case study of the AMIA Annual Symposium: 2017–2020
Authors: Hartzler Andrea L , Leroy Gondy , Daurelle Brenda , Ochoa Magali , Williamson Jeffrey , Cohen Dasha , Stipelman Carole 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Although the representation of women in science has improved, women remain underrepresented in scientific publications. This study compares women and men in scholarly dissemination through the AMIA Annual Symposium.

Materials and Methods
Through a retrospective observational study, we analyzed 2017–2020 AMIA submissions for differences in panels, papers, podium abstracts, posters, workshops, and awards for men compared with women. We assigned a label of woman or man to authors and reviewers using Genderize.io, and then compared submission and acceptance rates, performed regression analyses to evaluate the impact of the assumed gender, and performed sentiment analysis of reviewer comments.

Results
Of the 4687 submissions for which Genderize.io could predict man or woman based on first name, 40% were led by women and 60% were led by men. The acceptance rate was smilar. Although submission and acceptance rates for women increased over the 4 years, women-led podium abstracts, panels, and workshops were underrepresented. Men reviewers increased the odds of rejection. Men provided longer reviews and lower reviewer scores, but women provided reviews that had more positive words.

Discussion
Overall, our findings reflect significant gains for women in the 4 years of conference data analyzed. However, there remain opportunities to improve representation of women in workshop submissions, panel and podium abstract speakers, and balanced peer reviews. Future analyses could be strengthened by collecting gender directly from authors, including diverse genders such as non-binary.

Conclusion
We found little evidence of major bias against women in submission, acceptance, and awards associated with the AMIA Annual Symposium from 2017 to 2020. Our study is unique because of the analysis of both authors and reviewers. The encouraging findings raise awareness of progress and remaining opportunities in biomedical informatics scientific dissemination.
Effect of Type of Tissue on the Development of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Bambaradeniya Y T B , Karunaratne W A I P , Tomberlin J K , Magni P A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), the hairy maggot blow fly, is of great importance for the field of forensic entomology due to its habit as an early colonizer of decomposing vertebrate remains and myiasis producer. Development studies on this species have been conducted in scattered regions of the world, using types of tissue from several species of animals as a rearing medium. Despite the commonality of C. rufifacies in Sri Lanka, developmental studies have never been performed in this region. As well, the effects of diet on development have not been tested. In the current study, C. rufifacies immatures were reared on skeletal muscle, liver, and heart from domestic swine, with flies from colonies maintained at 25 and 28°C. The minimum time needed to complete each stage at 25°C on liver (224.14 h) was fastest followed by skeletal muscle (249.33 h) and heart (251.64 h) respectively, whereas at 28°C, fly development was quickest on heart muscle (178.27 h) followed by liver (178.50 h) and skeletal muscle (186.17 h) respectively. A significant difference in total development time was determined for temperature, while the rearing medium was not significant. Temperature also showed a significant effect on the length and the width of the larvae, while the type of tissue statistically impacted only the width.
Trophic Behavior and Species Diversity of the Anopheles barbirostris Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand
Authors: Udom Chanya , Thanispong Kanutcharee , Manguin Sylvie , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Fungfuang Wirasak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Species of the Anopheles barbirostris complex (Myzorhynchus Series of the subgenus Anopheles) are potential vectors of malaria and filariasis parasites. Owing to the lack of reliable identification methods, the biting activity and host preference of the species within this complex have not been previous described. In this study, the trophic behavior and host preferences of the species in the complex were determined in Thailand, and a map of their geographical distributions constructed. Adult female mosquitoes in Chanthaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces were collected using human landings (indoor and outdoor) and cow-bait. Morphological characters were used to initially identify the mosquitoes, and then, species were further separated by multiplex PCR. Four species were identified in the An. barbirostris complex: An. wejchoochotei Taai & Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae), An. saeungae Taai & Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae), An. dissidens Taai & Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae), and An. campestris Reid (Diptera: Culicidae). The species showed exophagic and zoophilic behavior, except An. wejchoochotei in Chanthaburi, which displayed slight endophilic behavior. Indoor and outdoor blood feeding behavior of An. wejchoochotei and An. saeungae peaked at 2000 h. An updated distribution map of the An. barbirostris complex in Thailand is presented. With a better understanding of the sibling vector species and their spatial distributions, more specific and effective control strategies for vectors of malaria and filariasis in Thailand can be achieved.
Rapid Parallel Adaptation to Anthropogenic Heavy Metal Pollution
Authors: Papadopulos Alexander S T , Helmstetter Andrew J , Osborne Owen G , Comeault Aaron A , Wood Daniel P , Straw Edward A , Mason Laurence , Fay Michael F , Parker Joe , Dunning Luke T , Foote Andrew D , Smith Rhian J , Lighten Jackie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe impact of human-mediated environmental change on the evolutionary trajectories of wild organisms is poorly understood. In particular, capacity of species to adapt rapidly (in hundreds of generations or less), reproducibly and predictably to extreme environmental change is unclear. Silene uniflora is predominantly a coastal species, but it has also colonized isolated, disused mines with phytotoxic, zinc-contaminated soils. To test whether rapid, parallel adaptation to anthropogenic pollution has taken place, we used reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of geographically proximate mine and coastal population pairs and found largely independent colonization of mines from different coastal sites. Furthermore, our results show that parallel evolution of zinc tolerance has occurred without gene flow spreading adaptive alleles between mine populations. In genomic regions where signatures of selection were detected across multiple mine-coast pairs, we identified genes with functions linked to physiological differences between the putative ecotypes, although genetic differentiation at specific loci is only partially shared between mine populations. Our results are consistent with a complex, polygenic genetic architecture underpinning rapid adaptation. This shows that even under a scenario of strong selection and rapid adaptation, evolutionary responses to human activities (and other environmental challenges) may be idiosyncratic at the genetic level and, therefore, difficult to predict from genomic data.
Intragenic complementation at the Lotus japonicus CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE D1 locus rescues root hair defects
Authors: Karas Bogumil J , Ross Loretta , Novero Mara , Amyot Lisa , Shrestha Arina , Inada Sayaka , Nakano Michiharu , Sakai Tatsuya , Bonetta Dario , Sato Sushei , Murray Jeremy D , Bonfante Paola , Szczyglowski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Root hair cells form the primary interface of plants with the soil environment, playing key roles in nutrient uptake and plant defense. In legumes, they are typically the first cells to become infected by nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria during root nodule symbiosis. Here, we report a role for the CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE D1 (CSLD1) gene in root hair development in the legume species Lotus japonicus. CSLD1 belongs to the cellulose synthase protein family that includes cellulose synthases and cellulose synthase-like proteins, the latter thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of hemicellulose. We describe 11 Ljcsld1 mutant alleles that impose either short (Ljcsld1-1) or variable (Ljcsld1-2 to 11) root hair length phenotypes. Examination of Ljcsld1-1 and one variable-length root hair mutant, Ljcsld1-6, revealed increased root hair cell wall thickness, which in Ljcsld1-1 was significantly more pronounced and also associated with a strong defect in root nodule symbiosis. Lotus japonicus plants heterozygous for Ljcsld1-1 exhibited intermediate root hair lengths, suggesting incomplete dominance. Intragenic complementation was observed between alleles with mutations in different CSLD1 domains, suggesting CSLD1 function is modular and that the protein may operate as a homodimer or multimer during root hair development.
A review of resting-state fMRI and its use to examine psychiatric disorders
Authors: Canario Edgar , Chen Donna , Biswal Bharat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has emerged as an alternative method to study brain function in human and animal models. In humans, it has been widely used to study psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. In this review, rs-fMRI and its advantages over task based fMRI, its currently used analysis methods, and its application in psychiatric disorders using different analysis methods are discussed. Finally, several limitations and challenges of rs-fMRI applications are also discussed.
Abdominal arterial lesions associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: a comparative cross-sectional magnetic resonance angiography study
Authors: Sangle Shirish R , Jan Wajanat , Matar Hosam E , Rankin Sheila , D’Cruz David P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Case reports and small case series suggest that stenotic lesions of the renal, coeliac and mesenteric arteries may occur in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) resulting in clinical consequences such as hypertension and abdominal angina. The objective was to determine the prevalence of stenotic lesions in arteries arising from the middle aorta in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) compared with healthy, hypertensive and atherosclerotic controls.

Methods
In a cross-sectional comparative radiological study using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), we assessed five groups of subjects for the prevalence of stenotic lesions in arteries arising from the middle aorta: APS/aPL positive, healthy renal donors, patients with hypertension, patients with atherosclerosis defined radiologically and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis who were negative for aPL. All subjects underwent MRA in suspended respiration and images were assessed by two senior radiologists blinded to the clinical details.

Results
In the atherosclerosis group, vascular stenotic lesions were more prevalent (71%) than in any other group (P ≤0.000002). The prevalence of all stenotic lesions in aPL positive patients (33%) was significantly higher than in the renal donors (18%) and hypertensive patients (19%) (P ≤0.009). Renal artery stenosis was significantly more prevalent in aPL positive patients than in renal donors (P ≤0.0006) but similar to the prevalence in hypertensive patients. Coeliac and/or mesenteric lesions were significantly more common in aPL positive patients vs hypertensive patients (P ≤0.001). Stenoses did not correlate with traditional risk factors.

Conclusion
Arterial stenotic lesions in arteries arising from the middle aorta were highly prevalent in atherosclerotic subjects and were more common in aPL-positive patients than in hypertensive patients and healthy renal donors.
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN SCHOOLS: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN AREAS
Authors: Kiouvrekis Y , Alexias A , Softa V , Alkhorayef M , Sulieman A , Tyrakis C , Kappas C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research paper is to estimate the mean value of extremely low frequency (ELF) exposure in schools in Greece. Detailed ELF measurements were conducted and analyzed by the Weighted Peak Method (WPM), which estimates the overall contribution of electromagnetic waves from 1 Hz to 400 kHz, including their phases. A sample of 243 schools was sampled to calculate. The mean value of ELF magnetic fields (MFs) measured in these two groups comprising 243 schools was the principal focus of interest. ELF MF measurements taken in schools situated both far from and near ELF sources had mean and maximum values well below the current International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) standard. The mean value of ELF MFs from all sources within the sampled schools in Greece was 0.21 μΤ. A statically significant difference between the mean MFs measured in the two groups of schools was found, but the MFs in both groups were much lower than the ICNIRP standard.
Genomic evolution, transmission dynamics, and pathogenicity of avian influenza A (H5N8) viruses emerging in China, 2020
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Li Xudong , Wang Xiaomin , Ye Hejia , Li Bo , Chen Yiqun , Chen Junhong , Zhang Tao , Qiu Ziwen , Li Huanan , Jia Weixin , Liao Ming , Qi Wenbao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Multiple recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N8 viruses originating in aquatic birds frequently occurred in most European countries, Russia, South Korea, and Japan during the winter of 2020–21, and one zoonotic event of poultry workers infected with novel H5N8 viruses were reported in Russia. Strikingly, these novel H5N8 viruses had emerged and been co-circulating in wild birds and poultry in multiple provinces of China during 2020–21. In China, the population of aquatic birds has risen significantly in the past twenty years, and China is regarded as the largest reservoir for influenza viruses carried in aquatic birds across the globe. Hence, the co-circulation of these novel H5N8 viruses poses an alarming threat to not only poultry industry but also human health. In this study, we sequenced full-length genomes of these H5N8 viruses circulating in China. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that poultry-origin H5N8 viruses in China fell within wild birds-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses from Europe during 2020–21, and notably, were genetically closely related to human-infecting H5N8 viruses in Russia. Moreover, they possessed several molecular markers associated with mammalian adaption. Bayesian coalescent analysis showed that these H5N8 viruses might have introduced into China during June–September 2020, suggesting that these H5N8 viruses might have introduced via wild bird migration or poultry trade. Besides, we also found that the effective population size of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses dramatically increased during the winter season of 2020/21, as is consistent with previous increase of genetic diversity during the winter seasons of 2013/14 and 2016/17, which indicated that the wild bird migration accelerates the genetic diversity of these H5N8 viruses during the winter season of 2020/21. Notably, these novel H5N8 viruses were lethal to chickens and mice, highly transmissible to ducks, and were antigenically distinct from 2.3.4.4h H5 viruses circulating in China, posing considerable threats to public health. Our findings offer novel insights into the evolution and risk assessment of H5N8 viruses during the winter season of 2020–21.
Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Molinari Michele , Kaltenmeier Christof , Samra Patrick-Bou , Liu Hao , Wessel Charles , Lou Klem Mary , Dharmayan Stalin , Emmanuel Bishoy , Al Harakeh Hasan , Tohme Samer , Geller David , Tevar Amit , Hughes Christopher B. , Humar Abhinav , Bataller Ramon , Behari Jaideep 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To systematically review and compare the overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival after hepatic resections for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) versus other risk factors.

Background:
Different clinical and tumor characteristics are associated with HCC in the setting of NAFLD in comparison to other risk factors. It is still unclear whether these differences impact patient survival after radical hepatectomies.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials and observational studies published in the English literature between July 1980 and June 2020 were searched using multiple databases. Patients’ baseline characteristics and the hazard ratios (HRs) of the OS and DFS were extracted and meta-analyses were performed.

Results:
Fifteen retrospective cohort studies with a total of 7226 patients were included. Among them, 1412 patients (19.5%) had NAFLD and 5814 (80.4%) had other risk factors (eg, viral hepatitis B or C, alcoholic cirrhosis, or cryptogenic cirrhosis). Summary statistics showed that patients with NAFLD had better DFS (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70–0.94; P = 0.006) and OS (HR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67–0.90; P = 0.001) than the control group. Subgroups analyses also indicated that the OS favored NAFLD patients versus patients with viral hepatitis B or C (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67–0.96; P = 0.017) or alcoholic and cryptogenic cirrhosis (HR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47–1.0; P = 0.05).

Conclusion:
After hepatic resections for HCC, NAFLD patients have better DFS and OS than patients with other risk factors. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression suggested that the survival advantage of NAFLD patients was more pronounced in studies published after 2015 and from Asian centers.
Behavioral and Socioemotional Outcomes of the Legacy for Children™ Randomized Control Trial to Promote Healthy Development of Children Living in Poverty, 4 to 6 Years Postintervention
Authors: Barry Caroline M. , Robinson Lara R. , Kaminski Jennifer W. , Danielson Melissa L. , Jones Corey L. , Lang Delia L. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The objective of this article was to assess the impact on behavioral and socioemotional development, 4 to 6 years postintervention (depending on the curriculum), of Legacy for Children™, a public health approach to improve child developmental outcomes among families living in poverty.

Methods:
Mothers who were recruited prenatally or at the time of childbirth participated in a set of Legacy parallel design randomized control trials between 2001 and 2009 in Miami, Florida, or Los Angeles, California. Of the initial 574 mother-child dyads, 364 completed at least 1 behavioral or socioemotional outcome measure at the third-grade follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses compared Legacy and comparison groups on behavioral and socioemotional outcomes.

Results:
Children of Legacy mothers in Los Angeles were at lower risk for externalizing behaviors and poor adaptive skills than children whose mothers did not participate in the intervention. No significant outcome differences by group assignment were found in Miami.

Conclusion:
Group-based positive parenting interventions such as Legacy may have a sustained impact on children's behavioral and socioemotional development several years after intervention completion.