bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folate bioavailability in reconstructed skin models and effects of folate in a monolayer wound healing assay. Approaches on topic application
Authors: Dressler Dirk , Ulmann Martin , Wiesler Gerd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn chronic and degenerative diseases impacting the skin folates play an important metabolic role improving wound healing and reducing skin irritations. In contrast to systemic folate administration little is known on skin penetration of folates after topical application. Here the penetration of simple aqueous solutions of reduced folates have been investigated with in-vitro reconstructed skin models mimicking the barrier of native human skin. For up to 24 h, penetration of the epidermis by newly developed folate salts and formulations were investigated. Aqueous and lipophilic solutions of L-formyltetrahydrofolate and L-mefolinate salts were able to penetrate the epidermis. Even more importantly, the skin model revealed the metabolic conversion of L-folinate to L-methyltetrahydrofolate. Exemplarily the effects of these new folate salts have been tested on wound healing in a scratch assay with primary human keratinocytes. All folates applied were able to enhance wound healing compared to the control.Bioavailability, metabolic conversion and physiologic effectiveness of new folate formulation have been shown successfully in in vitro applications providing evidence for the potent applicability of the new folates in preparations for topic application.
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Compounds by Screening for Small Molecule Inhibitors of nsp5 Main Protease
Authors: Milligan Jennifer C , Zeisner Theresa U , Papageorgiou George , Joshi Dhira , Soudy Christelle , Ulferts Rachel , Wu Mary , Lim Chew Theng , Tan Kang Wei , Weissmann Florian , Canal Berta , Fujisawa Ryo , Deegan Tom , Nagara Hema , Bineva-Todd Ganka , Basier Clovis , Curran Joseph F , Howell Michael , Beale Rupert , Labib Karim , O’Reilly Nicola , Diffley John F.X 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread around the world with unprecedented health and socio-economic effects for the global population. While different vaccines are now being made available, very few antiviral drugs have been approved. The main viral protease (nsp5) of SARS-CoV-2 provides an excellent target for antivirals, due to its essential and conserved function in the viral replication cycle. We have expressed, purified and developed assays for nsp5 protease activity. We screened the nsp5 protease against a custom chemical library of over 5,000 characterised pharmaceuticals. We identified calpain inhibitor I and three different peptidyl fluoromethylketones (FMK) as inhibitors of nsp5 activityin vitro, with IC50values in the low micromolar range. By altering the sequence of our peptidomimetic FMK inhibitors to better mimic the substrate sequence of nsp5, we generated an inhibitor with a subnanomolar IC50. Calpain inhibitor I inhibited viral infection in monkey-derived Vero E6 cells, with an EC50 in the low micromolar range. The most potent and commercially available peptidyl-FMK compound inhibited viral growth in Vero E6 cells to some extent, while our custom peptidyl FMK inhibitor offered a marked antiviral improvement.
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Compounds by Screening for Small Molecule Inhibitors of Nsp13 Helicase
Authors: Zeng Jingkun , Weissmann Florian , Bertolin Agustina P. , Posse Viktor , Canal Berta , Ulferts Rachel , Wu Mary , Harvey Ruth , Hussain Saira , Milligan Jennifer C. , Roustan Chloe , Borg Annabel , McCoy Laura , Drury Lucy S. , Kjaer Svend , McCauley John , Howell Michael , Beale Rupert , Diffley John F.X 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global public health challenge. While the efficacy of vaccines against emerging and future virus variants remains unclear, there is a need for therapeutics. Repurposing existing drugs represents a promising and potentially rapid opportunity to find novel antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. The virus encodes at least nine enzymatic activities that are potential drug targets. Here we have expressed, purified and developed enzymatic assays for SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase, a viral replication protein that is essential for the coronavirus life cycle. We screened a custom chemical library of over 5000 previously characterised pharmaceuticals for nsp13 inhibitors using a FRET-based high-throughput screening (HTS) approach. From this, we have identified FPA-124 and several suramin-related compounds as novel inhibitors of nsp13 helicase activityin vitro. We describe the efficacy of these drugs using assays we developed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in Vero E6 cells.
PFKFB3 Depletion Activates β-Cell Replication by Cell Competitive Culling of Compromised β-Cells Under Stress
Authors: Min Jie , Ma Feiyang , Pellegrini Matteo , Greeff Oppel , Moncada Salvador , Tudzarova Slavica 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTHighly conserved hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) and its target 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) play a critical role in the survival of damaged β-cells in type 2 diabetes (T2D) while rendering β-cells non-responsive to glucose stimulation by mitochondrial suppression. HIF1α-PFKFB3 is activated in 30-50% of all β-cells in diabetic islets, leaving an open question of whether targeting this pathway may adjust β-cell mass and function to the specific metabolic demands during diabetogenic stress.Our previous studies of β-cells under amyloidogenic stress by human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) revealed that PFKFB3 is a metabolic execution arm of the HIF1α pathway with potent implications on Ca2+homeostasis, metabolome, and mitochondrial form and function.To discriminate the role of PFKFB3 from HIF1αin vivo, we generated mice with conditional β-cell specific disruption of thePfkfb3gene on a hIAPP+/-background and a high-fat diet (HFD) [PFKFB3βKO+ diabetogenic stress (DS)].PFKFB3 disruption in β-cells under diabetogenic stress led to selective purging of hIAPP-damaged β-cells and the disappearance of bihormonal insulin- and glucagon-positive cells, thus compromised β-cells. At the same time, PFKFB3 disruption led to a three-fold increase in β-cell replication resembling control levels as measured with minichromosome maintenance 2 protein (MCM2). PFKFB3 disruption depleted bihormonal cells while increased β-cell replication that was reflected in the increased β-/α-cell ratio and maintained β-cell mass. Analysis of metabolic performance indicated comparable glucose intolerance and reduced plasma insulin levels in PFKFB3βKODS relative to PFKFB3WTDS mice. In the PFKFB3βKODS group, plasma glucagon levels were reduced compared to PFKFB3WTDS mice and were in line with increased insulin sensitivity. Glucose intolerance in PFKFB3βKODS mice could be explained by the compensatory expression of HIF1α after disruption of PFKFB3. Our data strongly suggest that the replication and functional recovery of β-cells under diabetogenic stress depend on selective purification of HIF1α and PFKFB3-positive β-cells. Thus, HIF1α-PFKFB3-dependent activation of cell competition and purging of compromised β-cells may yield functional competent β-cell mass in diabetes.
Motivational learning biases are differentially modulated by genetic determinants of striatal and prefrontal dopamine function
Authors: Richter Anni , de Boer Lieke , Guitart-Masip Marc , Behnisch Gusalija , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Schott Björn H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDopaminergic neurotransmission plays a pivotal role in appetitively motivated behavior in mammals, including humans. Notably, action and valence are not independent in motivated tasks, and it is particularly difficult for humans to learn the inhibition of an action to obtain a reward. We have previously observed that the carriers of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA A1 allele, that has been associated with reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptor expression, showed a diminished learning performance when required to learn response inhibition to obtain rewards, a finding that was replicated in two independent cohorts. In the present study, we first report a replication of this finding in a third independent cohort of 99 participants. Interestingly, after combining all three cohorts (total N = 281), exploratory analyses regarding the COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism suggest that homozygotes for the Met allele, which has been linked to higher prefrontal dopaminergic tone, show a lower learning bias. Our results corroborate the importance of genetic variability of the dopaminergic system in individual learning differences of action-valence interaction and, furthermore, suggest that motivational learning biases are differentially modulated by genetic determinants of striatal and prefrontal dopamine function.
Volumetric morphometry reveals mitotic spindle width as the best predictor of spindle scaling
Authors: Kletter Tobias , Reusch Sebastian , Dempewolf Nils , Tischer Christian , Reber Simone 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe function of cellular structures at the mesoscale is dependent on their geometry and proportionality to cell size. The mitotic spindle is a good example why length and shape of intracellular organelles matter. Spindle length determines the distance over which chromosomes will segregate and spindle shape ensures bipolarity. While we still lack a systematic and quantitative understanding of subcellular morphometrics, new imaging techniques and volumetric data analysis promise novel insights into scaling relations across different species. Here, we introduce Spindle3D, an open-source plug-in that allows for the quantitative, unbiased, and automated analysis of 3D fluorescent data of spindles and chromatin. We systematically analyse different cell types, including somatic cells, stem cells and one-cell embryos across different phyla to derive volumetric relations of spindle, chromatin, and cell volume. Taken together, our data indicate that mitotic spindle width is a robust indicator of spindle volume, which correlates linearly with chromatin and cell volume both within single cell types and across metazoan phyla.
Effect of iron on the composition and structure of corrosion product film formed in 70/30 copper-nickel alloy
Authors: Zhu Yanbo , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Ping , Fu Shaoli , Zhou Honglei , Wu Jiayan 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of changes in iron content in 70/30 copper–nickel alloy on the corrosion process.Design/methodology/approach70Copper–30Nickel-xFe-1Mn (x = 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 Wt.%) alloy were prepared by the high frequency induction melting furnace. The scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology and component of the corrosion product film.FindingsThe results show that the corrosion resistance of 70/30 copper–nickel alloy added with 1.0%Fe is the best, and the film is divided into inner dense Cu2O composite film and outer hydration loose layer; XRD showed that after adding 1.0% Fe, the content of Cu2(OH)3Cl in the corrosion product film was significantly reduced, while the content of Cu2O remained unchanged; XPS showed that nickel accumulates in the inner layer of corrosion product film; the stage growth mode of the film, the role of nickel in it and the enrichment mechanism of iron in the inner film were summarized and discussed.Originality/valueThe changes in the composition and structure of the corrosion product film caused by the iron content are revealed, and the mechanism of the difference in corrosion resistance is discussed.
Effect of Zn concentration on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-Zn alloys microalloyed with Ca and Ce
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Peng Cheng , Huang Jin , Zhao Yanchun , Huang Guangsheng , Wu Liang , Wang Guangang , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The influence of Zn concentration on microstructure and corrosion performance of the Mg–xZn alloys microalloyed with Ca and Ce was investigated through optic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hydrogen evolution, dynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, Mg–xZn alloys (x = 0.5∼2.0 Wt.%) microalloyed with Ca and Ce (0.2 Wt.% each) were prepared.

Findings
As the increase of Zn concentration, the number of second phase particles (Mg-Zn-Ca, Mg-Zn-Ce and Mg-Ce phases) increased, and when the Zn concentration increased to 2.0 Wt.%, the new second phase Mg-Zn phase was precipitated.

Originality/value
The influence of Zn concentration on corrosion mechanism of Mg-xZn alloys microalloyed with Ca and Ce was revealed. Increasing of the Zn concentration resulted in the intensification of galvanic corrosion. When Zn concentration was 0.5 Wt.%, the alloy showed the lowest corrosion rate (0.61 mm y-1), which was about 1/2 of that of Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca-0.2Ce alloy.
Effect of the incorporation of apricot pulp powder on physicochemical, functional, rheological and nutraceutical properties of wheat flour based cookies
Authors: Nisar Aaqib , Jan Nusrat , Gull Amir , Masoodi Farooq Ahmad , Amin Tawheed , Bashir Omar , Wani Sajad Mohd 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe demand for functional foods has been increasing tremendously throughout the globe and keeping in view the health beneficial properties of apricot fruit. The purpose of this study is to develop wheat flour based cookies enriched with apricot pulp powder in order to improve nutraceutical properties of cookies and dilution of gluten at the same time.Design/methodology/approachCookies were prepared from wheat flour blended with apricot pulp powder at 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25% level and evaluated for proximate, functional, rheological, nutraceutical and sensory properties.FindingsFibre content of apricot powder-incorporated cookies (3.23%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 25% level than control (1.64%). The water absorption and oil absorption capacities decreased significantly (p < 0.05) upon increasing level of apricot pulp powder. The ß-carotene content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content increased significantly (p < 0.05) upon incorporation of apricot pulp powder. The thickness of cookies increased, however, diameter and spread ratio decreased with increase in the levels of apricot pulp powder. Lightness (L*) value decreased, while redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) increased when incorporated with apricot pulp powder. Cookies having 25% apricot pulp powder showed maximum hardness and overall acceptability.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, the scientific literature on incorporation of apricot pulp powder in bakery products is scanty. As such the present research has a tremendous scope for the food industries to produce functional bakery products with antioxidant properties and diluted the gluten content at the same time.
Evidence of improved students’ perceptions towards online research: pre and post assessment study of information literacy and research support
Authors: Shoeb Md. Zahid Hossain 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to present how the library’s information literacy (IL) sessions and research support programmes can change students' perceptions towards their research practice.

Design/methodology/approach
To reach the aim of this study, the author carried out survey through the structured questionnaire before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the session of instructions. Then, the author compared the scores statistically using paired sample t-test to see the differences.

Findings
The findings and review suggested that the need for the continued development and implementation of IL and research support sessions should not be ignored. The students may be benefitted from a well-designed programme. This sort of training session improved learners' attitudes significantly towards research practice and behaviour.

Originality/value
IL and research support have not been addressed much in the country where the study took place. Though not new, however, these initiatives may make the educators rethink concerning their curriculum. Moreover, a collaborative effort between librarians and faculty members may result in an active driving force for effective learning.
Awareness about plagiarism and the effectiveness of library literacy programme towards its deterrence: a perspective of postgraduate resident doctors
Authors: Khan Asad , Richardson Joanna , Izhar Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Awareness about plagiarism is essential for the evasion of intellectual mendacity, inculcation of academic integrity and assurance of quality research. Maintaining high standards regarding academic integrity is a major challenge for higher education and research organizations. In Pakistan, resident doctors are required to submit a dissertation to the College of Physicians and Surgeons. The purpose of this study is to examine this cohort’s awareness of plagiarism and to determine the effectiveness of the library literacy (IL) programme towards the prevention of plagiarism.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the quantitative approach, a cross-sectional survey method was used. A convenience sample of postgraduate resident doctors was randomly recruited from two hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyses.

Findings
The findings revealed that while resident doctors were aware of the concept of plagiarism, there were variations in their definition of the term. That said, they perceived plagiarism as an unethical practice and supported the implementation of anti-plagiarism policies. However, the respondents’ knowledge was not strong regarding citation styles, specific anti-plagiarism policies and plagiarism penalties. Likewise, this cohort was unfamiliar with library IL activities and their role in the prevention of plagiarism. Finally, collaboration was absent among key stakeholders, e.g. resident doctors, research supervisors and librarians, to deter plagiarism.

Research limitations/implications
This study recommends collaboration among the key stakeholders to ensure the delivery of consistent messages and to reinforce the importance of plagiarism prevention. As this study was limited to two hospitals, similar research could be undertaken using a larger sample of resident doctors. It would also be useful to survey the librarians providing support for this cohort.

Originality/value
This study is the first attempt to examine the effectiveness of hospital library IL programmes in the prevention of plagiarism among resident doctors in Pakistan. The findings are applicable to other health libraries worldwide that wish to address the challenge of plagiarism among health researchers in general.
Measuring the impact of COVID-19 papers on the social web: an altmetric study
Authors: Edakar Metwaly Ali Mohamed , Shehata Ahmed Maher Khafaga 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The rapid spread and severity of the coronavirus (COVID-19) virus have prompted a spate of scholarly research that deals with the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to measure and assess the coverage of COVID-19 research on social media and the engagement of readers with COVID-19 research on social media outlets.

Design/methodology/approach
An altmetric analysis was carried out in three phases. The first focused on retrieving all papers related to COVID-19. Phase two of the research aimed to measure the presence of the retrieved papers on social media using altmetric application programming interface (API). The third phase aimed to measure Mendeley readership categories using Mendeley API to extract data of readership from Mendeley for each paper.

Findings
The study suggests that while social media platforms do not give accurate measures of the impact as given by citations, they can be used to portray the social impact of the scholarly outputs and indicate the effectiveness of COVID-19 research. The results confirm a positive correlation between the number of citations to articles in databases such as Scopus and the number of views on social media sites such as Mendeley and Twitter. The results of the current study indicated that social media could serve as an indicator of the number of citations of scientific articles.

Research limitations/implications
This study’s limitation is that the studied articles’ altmetrics performance was examined using only one of the altmetrics data service providers (altmetrics database). Hence, future research should explore altmetrics on the topic using more than one platform. Another limitation of the current research is that it did not explore the academic social media role in spreading fake information as the scope was limited to scholarly outputs on social media. The practical contribution of the current research is that it informs scholars about the impact of social media platforms on the spread and visibility of COVID-19 research. Also, it can help researchers better understand the importance of published COVID-19 research using social media.

Originality/value
This paper provides insight into the impact of COVID-19 research on social media. The paper helps to provide an understanding of how people engage with health research using altmetrics scores, which can be used as indicators of research performance.
Conservative culture, innovative culture, and innovative performance: a multi-group analysis of the moderating role of the job type
Authors: Al-Khatib Ayman Wael , Al-Fawaeer Moayyad A. , Alajlouni Mohammed Iqbal , Rifai Firas A. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of organisational culture by its two dimensions (innovative organisational culture and conservative organisational culture) on innovative performance and also investigate the moderating role of the job type on innovative performance in the relationship between innovative organisational culture and conservative organisational culture.

Design/methodology/approach
For this study’s purposes, 321 questionnaires from employees of Jordanian private universities were analysed. Convergent validity and discriminant validity tests were performed. Data reliability was confirmed. A bootstrapping technique was used to analyse the data. The multi-group analysis was performed to investigate the moderating role of job type.

Findings
The results of this study indicate that the innovative organisational culture will improve innovative performance and that a conservative culture reduces innovation opportunities. Moreover, innovative organisational culture promotes innovative performance for all employees regardless of who holds administrative positions.

Research limitations/implications
This cross-sectional study provides a snapshot at a given moment in time, a methodological limitation that affects the generalisation of its results. Moreover, this study adopted subjective measures and the results are limited to one country, Jordan.

Practical implications
This paper contributes to drawing the attention of senior management to the importance of innovation culture in the performance of innovation at Jordanian private universities surveyed, in particular, and other organisations in general.

Social implications
The social impact of this study is to respond to the challenge of building an innovation-based culture and to limit the effects of a conservative culture that limits the response to innovation.

Originality/value
This study has important implications for leaders in general. It also highlights the need for organisations to develop an orientation towards innovative organisational culture instead of the classic approach based on the conservative culture of all its members (both administrative and non-administrative employees) and to invest in training that supports this trend, thus increasing their innovative performance, which contributes to raising their capabilities to excel, compete and achieve high levels of performance.