bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization the binding of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha and NOX2 NADPH oxidase in mouse macrophages
Authors: Solomonov Yulia , Hadad Nurit , Levy Rachel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that Cytosolic phospholipase A2a (cPLA2a) is absolutely required for NOX2 NADPH oxidase activation in human and mouse phagocytes. Moreover, upon stimulation, cPLA2a translocates to the plasma membranes of by binding to the assembled oxidase, forming a complex between its C2 domain and the PX domain of the oxidase cytosolic factor, p47phox in human phagocytes. Intravenous administration of an antisense against cPLA2a that significantly inhibited its expression in mouse peritoneal neutrophil and macrophages also inhibited superoxide production, in contrast to cPLA2a knockout mice that showed normal superoxide production. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a binding between cPLA2a-C2 domain and p47phox-PX in mouse macrophages, to further support the role of cPLA2a in oxidase regulation also in mouse phagocytes. Methods and Results: A significant binding of mouse GST-p47phox-PX domain fusion protein and cPLA2a in stimulated mouse phagocyte membranes was demonstrated by pull down experiments, although lower than that detected by human p47phox-PX domain. Substituting the amino acids Phe98, Asn99 and Gly100 to Cys98 Ser99 and Thr100 in mouse p47phox-PX domain (that are present in human p47phox-PX domain) caused strong binding that was similar to that detected by the human p47phox-PX domain. Conclusions: the binding between cPLA2a-C2 and p47phox-PX domains exist in mouse macrophages and is not unique to human phagocytes. The binding between the two proteins is lower in the mice probably due to the absence of amino acids Cys98 Ser99 and Thr100 in p47phox-PX domain that facilitate the binding to cPLA2a.
Comparison of Sexual Function in Fertile and Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Azarbayjani Khadijeh , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , mirzaie Negin , Jahangiri Nadia , Nasiri malihe , Zeinaloo Mona 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects approximately 5-20% of women of childbearing age. Physical and psychological changes caused by PCOS might impair women’s sexual function. Infertility is one of the most important complications that may be seen in women with PCOS. This study aimed to compare sexual function in fertile and infertile women with PCOS diagnosis.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 fertile and 239 infertile women that diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria from May 2018 to February 2019. All participants were asked to fill out included demographic survey and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires.Result: The mean total FSFI score in fertile and infertile women was 23.70±6.26 and 24.65±4.04, respectively. With regard to FSFI, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant in terms of total FSFI score, desire, lubrication, satisfaction, and arousal score (P>0.05). However, the pain score, was significantly higher in the fertile group. (3.51±1.27, 3.10±1.11, P<0.001). Conclusion: Impaired sexual function in infertile women diagnosed with PCOS can be more associated with PCOS-related complications and other concurrent factors that affects sexual function rather than infertility. It seems that the effects of infertility on sexual function can be different in infertile women according to each person's condition. Hence, screening for sexual dysfunction in women with PCOS and infertility should be deemed as a part of clinical assessment, leading to early diagnosing and improving their quality of life.
Identification and Analysis of Deleterious SNPs of Human GSR Gene: Their Effects on Structure and Functions of Associated Protein and Other Diseases
Authors: Vyas Bharti , Bhowmik Ratul , Akhter Mymoona , Ahmad Farhan Jalees 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hereditary glutathione reductase deficiency, caused by mutations of the GSR gene, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by decreased glutathione disulfide (GSSG) reduction activity and increased thermal instability. This study implemented computational analysis to screen the most likely mutation that might be associated with hereditary glutathione reductase deficiency and other diseases. Using ten online computational tools, the study revealed 4 nsSNPs among the 17 nsSNPs identified as most deleterious and disease associated. Structural analyses and evolutionary confirmation study of native and mutant GSR proteins using the HOPE project and ConSruf. HOPE revealed more flexibility in the native GSR structure than in the mutant structure. The mutation in GSR might be responsible for changes in the structural conformation and function of the GSR protein and might also play a significant role in inducing hereditary glutathione reductase deficiency. LD and haplotype studies of the gene revealed that the identified variations rs2978663 and rs8190955 may be responsible for obstructive heart defects (OHDs) and hereditary anemia, respectively. These interethnic differences in the frequencies of SNPs and haplotypes might help explain the unpredictability that has been reported in association studies and can contribute to predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that make use of GSR.
Exogenous Foliar Melatonin Improves Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Physio-Biochemical Characteristics Under the Synergetic Effects of Low Temperature and Salinity Stress
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan , Hamani Abdoul Kader Mounkaila , Sun Wenjun , Wang Hongbo , Amin Abubakar Sunusi , Wang Xingpeng , Qin Anzhen , Gao Yang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling have adverse effects on cotton productivity. Finding an alternative for reducing the low temperature and salt induced damages during the seedling stage of cotton is a challenge for agricultural researchers nowadays. The physiological mechanism of exogenously applied melatonin (MT) on cotton seedlings under low temperature and salt stress is still unclear. The experiment in a phytotron was comprised with two temperature levels of 15°C and 25°C, and 5 MT treatments of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 µM, and two salinity levels of 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress. Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under 15°C and 25°C), the coupled stress of salt and low temperature reduced cotton seedlings’ biomass and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), aggravated the membrane damage, reduced the potassium (K+) content and increased the sodium (Na+) accumulation in the leaves and roots. Compared with the NaCl-stressed treatment alone, the exogenous foliar applications of 50-150µM MT significantly increased the biomass and gas exchange parameters of cotton seedlings under the coupled salt and low temperature stress conditions. The exogenously applied MT at 50-150µM under the coupled effect of salt and low temperature stress conditions decreased the degree of membrane damage and regulated the activities of the protective enzymes, ion homeostasis, ion transport and absorption of cotton seedlings. The pairwise correlation analysis of each parameter by MT shows that the parameters with higher correlation with MT at 15°C are mainly malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The most relevant parameters at 25℃ are K+ concentration in leaves (K+-L), K+ concentration in root (K+-R), Na+ concentration in leaves (Na+-L), Na+ concentration in root (Na+-R), Na+ uptake in-root surface (Na+-uptake), K+ ion translocation (K+-translocation). Stepwise linear regression of the above parameters found that MT is more related to MDA at 15°C, and MT is more related to Na+-L at 25°C.
Production of Phenylpyruvic Acid by Engineered L-Amino Acid Deaminase from Proteus Mirabilis
Authors: Liu Jia , Gao Cong , Yang Bin , Song Wei , Hu Guipeng , Liu Liming , Wu Jing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to develop an efficient enzymatic strategy for the industrial production of phenylpyruvate (PPA) from L-phenylpyruvic acid (L-Phe).
Results
L-amino acid deaminase from Proteus mirabilis (L-pmAAD) was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) and modified to release product inhibition by employing conformational dynamics engineering. Based on structural analysis, two residues (E145A/L341A) were identified for reducing interactions between the product and enzyme and increasing flexibility of the protein, thereby facilitating the product release. The mutant M2E145A/E341A exhibited a 3.84-fold reduction in product inhibition and a 1.35-fold increase in catalytic efficiency in comparison to the wild type. Finally, 81.2 g/L PPA production with a conversion of 99.6% was obtained in a 5-L bioreactor.
Conclusion
The engineered catalyst can significantly reduce product inhibition and facilitate the effective industrial synthesis of PPA.
Deubiquitinating enzyme USP48 mediates pyroptosis and meliorates immune evasion in tumors by stabilizing GSDME expression
Authors: yunshan wang , Ren Yidan , Feng Maoxiao , Liu Xiaoyan , Hao Xiaodong , Li Juan , Li Peilong , Gao Jie , Qi Qiuchen , Du Lutao , Wang Chuanxin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death, which is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspase and the cleavage of gasdermin proteins. It is widely involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. Studies have shown that ubiquitin related proteins play a key regulatory role in many biological processes. However, the role and molecular mechanism of ubiquitin-related proteins in pyroptosis have not been well identified. Here, using CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified a deubiquitinating enzyme (USP48) that has the most significant regulatory effect on cell pyroptosis. USP48 stabilizes GsderminE (GSDME) expression by causing deubiquitination of it, thereby achieving its regulatory effect on pyroptosis. USP48 prevents the degradation of GSDME by inhibiting K63-linked ubiquitination at positions K120 and K189 of GSDME. Clinical tissue testing confirmed that the expression of USP48 has a significant positive correlation with GSDME and pyroptosis-related factors. GSDME plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell pyroptosis by USP48. The single-cell sequencing results showed that the functions of T cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are inhibited to varying degrees after USP48 gene knockout. Finally, the tumor formation experiment in mice confirmed that overexpression of USP48 could effectively improve the therapeutic effect of PD-1 inhibitors. These findings define a pyroptosis regulation pathway and indicate that activation of the pharmacological activity of USP48 may provide an effective strategy to sensitize cancer cells to pyroptosis-related immunotherapeutic resistance.
Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Shallow Very-Low-Frequency Earthquakes between December 2020 and January 2021 in Kumano-Nada, Nankai Subduction Zone, Detected by A Permanent Seafloor Seismic Network
Authors: Yamamoto Yojiro , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Yada Shuichiro , Nakano Masaru , Hori Takane 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We estimate the hypocenter locations and the centroid moment tensor solutions of the shallow very-low-frequency earthquake (sVLFE) activity that occurred in the Kumano-nada region of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone in central Japan from December 2020 to January 2021. Using seafloor observation data, we examined the detailed spatio-temporal distribution of the sVLFE activity. During this episode, the activity area was within the vicinity in which the sVLFE activity has been observed in the past and can be divided into two major parts. The sVLFE activity started from the eastern side and remained there for the first 5 days and then migrated to the western side via secondary expansion. The eastern active area is located just below the outer ridge and coincides with the location where the paleo-Zenith Ridge is subducted. The western activity area is centered between the outer wedge and the outer ridge with the primary active area being at the outer wedge. Comparing the activity in the eastern and western areas, the eastern side is more active, but the individual moment releases on this side are smaller than those on the western side. This may indicate a difference in the fluid pressure along the plate boundary between the eastern and western areas. After the second expansion of the active area, we observed several migration patterns within the expanded area with a faster velocity than those of the initial and second expansions. The direction of these migrations is opposite to that of the first and second expansions. This indicates that the fluid pressure and/or stress level in the sVLFE generation region changed with time within this episode. Furthermore, many waveforms with sVLFE characteristics were observed at only one or a few observation points near the trough axis in the middle to latter half of January 2021. This indicates the occurrence of small-scale sVLFEs in the vicinity of the trough axis at the end of this sVLFE episode.
Crystal Structural, Morphological and Gamma Ray Shielding (γ-S) Efficiency of PVA/PAAm/PAA Polymer Blend Loaded With Silver Nanoparticles via Casting Method
Authors: Abdali Karar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cost, weightiness, vacuum, and absorption power of the matters applied for radiological preservation are significant points which challenge scientists and researchers to preparation and improve suitable γ-S materials. A perfect γ-S is one which can absorb, attenuate, or prevent the ultimate part of incident γ-radiation. The major purpose of this study is to evaluation the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) additions on the γ-S characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol PVA, polyacrylamide PAAm and polyacrylic acid PAA polymeric blend (PB). In the current research, PVA/PAAm/PAA (70:20:10) wt./wt.% matrix PB with 0, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.08 wt% of AgNPs were synthesized via Petri dish casting technique as a polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). The specimen were categorized as h0,h1,h2 and h3 depending on the addition of AgNPs. Crystal structure involves X-ray diffraction (X-ray), the Fourier transformation infrared spectrum (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible light spectrum (UV-V) and optical microscopy (OPM) were studied. The coefficients of attenuation were also computed utilizing caesium (Cs137) source. Results showed which increasing of AgNPs from 0% to 0.08% leads to increasing in the attenuation coefficient values and decreasing the ratio of radiation counts (N/Nₒ), also 0.08% of AgNPs loaded is the essential optimum consist of this additive. The γ-S properties conducted using γ-rays has explained which PNCs with 8% of AgNPs and only 0.090 cm thickness, can attenuate 80% of the γ- ray.
Cognitive Network Reconstruction in Opioid Users Compared To Non-Users: Topological Analysis of Cognitive Function Through Graph Model and Centrality Measures
Authors: Gharahi Elnaz , Soraya Shiva , Ahmadkhaniha Hamidreza , Sadeghi Bahman , Haghshenas Mandana , Bozorgmehr Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction related to opioid use disorder (OUD) requires investigation of the interconnected network of cognitive domains through behavioral experiments and graph data modeling. Here, we conducted n-back, selective and divided attention, and Wisconsin card sorting tests and then reconstructed the interactive cognitive network of subscales or domains for opioid users and non-users to identify the most central cognitive functions and their connections using graph model analysis. Then, each network was analyzed topologically based on the betweenness and closeness centrality measures. Results from the opioid users’ network show that in the divided attention module, the reaction time and the number of commission errors were the most central subscales of cognitive function. Whereas in non-users, the number of correct responses and commission errors were the most central cognitive measure. These findings corroborate that opioid users show impaired divided attention as higher reaction time and errors in performing the tasks. Divided attention is the most central cognitive function in both OUD subjects and non-users, although differences were observed between the subscales of the two groups. Therefore, divided attention is a promising target for future cognitive therapies, treatments and rehabilitation as its improvement may lead to an enhancement of overall cognitive domain performance.
Burnout among German oncologists: A cross-sectional study in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie Quality of Life Working Group
Authors: Helaß Madeleine , Haag Georg Martin , Bankstahl Ulli Simone , Gencer Deniz , Maatouk Imad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Oncologists are at an increased risk of developing burnout, leading to negative consequences in patient care and in professional satisfaction and quality of life. This study was designed to investigate exhaustion and disengagement among German oncologists and assess the prevalence of burnout among oncologists within different professional settings. Furthermore, we wanted to examine possible relations between sociodemographic factors, the oncological setting, professional experience and different aspects of burnout.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study design, an Internet-based survey was conducted with 121 oncologists between April and July 2020 using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, which contains items on exhaustion, disengagement, and burnout. Furthermore, sociodemographic data of the participants were assessed. The participants were members of the Working Group Medical Oncology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie) within the German Cancer Society.
Results
The survey showed a burnout prevalence of 43.8%, which correlated with age and professional experience; that is, the prevalence is particularly high among younger oncologists. Exhaustion is closely related to employment status; that is, it was significantly higher among employed oncologists. There were remarkably low levels of disengagement among oncologists, highlighting the own demand to fulfill job requirements despite imminent or actual overburdening in daily work.
Conclusion
More support is necessary to mitigate the professional stressors in the healthcare system. To ensure quality medical care, employees should be offered preventive mental health services early in their careers.
OCT4 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Yu Jun , Yin Yujia , Zhang Xiaoqian , Zheng Xiaocui , Wang Xipeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a key stem cell transcription factor involved in the development of various cancers. The role of OCT4 in ovarian cancer (OC) progression and its molecular mechanism are not fully understood.Methods: First, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays of ovarian normal tissues, OC samples, and metastatic tissues were performed to reveal the OCT4 expression profiles. We knocked down OCT4 in two OC cell lines (SKOV3 and A2780) using a lentiviral vector and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. OCT4 was silenced to assess the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells using CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell asssays. In addition, a nude tumor mouse model was used for the in vivo study. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that OCT4 influenced protein expression in the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins by Western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) assays.Results: OCT4 expression was significantly upregulated in OC samples and metastatic tissues. OCT4 silencing notably inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR was downregulated after OCT4 knockdown. EMT in OC samples was enhanced by OCT4.Conclusions: Our study shows that OCT4 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells by participating in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, suggesting that it could serve as a potential therapeutic target for OC patients.
hnRNPH1 recruits PTBP2 and SRSF3 to cooperatively modulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing in germ cells and is essential for spermatogenesis and oogenesis
Authors: Yuan Shuiqiao , Feng Shenglei , Li Jinmei , Wen Hui , Liu Kuan , Gui Yiqian , Wen Yujiao , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coordinated regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing is essential for germ cell development. However, the molecular mechanism underlying that control alternative mRNA expression during germ cell development remains poorly understood. Herein, we showed that hnRNPH1, an RNA-binding protein, is highly expressed in the reproductive system and localized in the chromosomes of meiotic cells but excluded from the XY body in pachytene spermatocytes and recruits the splicing regulators PTBP2 and SRSF3 and cooperatively regulates the alternative splicing of the critical genes that are required for spermatogenesis. Conditional knockout Hnrnph1 in spermatogenic cells caused many abnormal splicing events that affect genes related to meiosis and communication between germ cells and Sertoli cells, characterized by asynapsis of chromosomes and impairment of germ-Sertoli communications, ultimately leading to male sterility. We further showed that hnRNPH1 could directly bind to SPO11 and recruit the splicing regulators PTBP2 and SRSF3 to regulate the alternative splicing of the target genes cooperatively. Strikingly, Hnrnph1 germline-specific mutant female mice were also infertile, and Hnrnph1-deficient oocytes exhibited a similar defective synapsis and cell-cell junction as shown in Hnrnph1-deficient male germ cells. Collectively, our data reveal an essential role for hnRNPH1 in regulating pre-mRNA splicing during spermatogenesis and oogenesis and support a molecular model whereby hnRNPH1 governs a network of alternative splicing events in germ cells via recruiting PTBP2 and SRSF3.
WITHDRAWN: Curved Diffraction Patterns of 2D-Cross-Grating Experiments ---Double Slit Still Has Much to Offer
Authors: peng hui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Young’s double slit experiments represent the mystery of quantum mechanics. To explore the mystery, varieties of the single slit, double slit, cross-double slit and 1D-grating experiments were performed, which show the universal phenomena that the interference/diffraction patterns are curved, expanded and inclined. In this article, we show novel phenomena that the diffraction patterns of the 2D-cross-grating experiments can be curved, expanded and inclined simultaneously and continuously. Those experiments provide comprehensive data for developing/testing a theoretical model.