bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates and Correlates of Stigmatization Expressed by Parents of Young Children with Developmental Difficulties in a Middle-Income Country
Authors: Ozalp Akin Ezgi , Bingoler Pekcici Emine Bahar , Ozturk Ertem Ilgi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Information on stigmatization of young children with developmental difficulties (DDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where most children reside, is crucial to combat stigma globally. We aimed to identify rates and correlates of stigmatization of young children with DDs in a middle-income country, Turkey.

Method:
In this cross-sectional study, parents of children aged 0 to 42 months attending Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Division for their first visit were recruited consecutively. Parents responded to the written open-ended stigma questions of the Expanded Guide for Monitoring Child Development. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with stigmatization.

Results:
The sample comprised 306 children (60.8% boys) with DDs (72.9% with chronic illness/disability and 27.1% with isolated language delay). Most of the mothers (61.1%) and fathers (60.7%) had less than high school education. Stigmatization was reported by 102 (33.3%) families. Child's sex, age, and health condition were not, but 5 of 9 environmental/contextual factors examined were statistically significantly associated with stigmatization. In the logistic regression model, not receiving support from relatives/friends (odds ratio [OR] = 4.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.16–11.48) and feelings of depression in the mother were independent factors associated with stigmatization (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.04–4.50).

Conclusion:
In a referred sample from Turkey and likely other LMICs, a large proportion of parents of young children with DDs report having experienced stigmatization at their first developmental assessment. Interventions that aim to address stigmatization in this early period must focus on support from family/friends and maternal mental health, which are independent strong correlates of stigma.
Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Koreki Akihiro , Mori Hiroko , Nozaki Shoko , Koizumi Teruki , Suzuki Hisaomi , Onaya Mitsumoto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia is higher than the prevalence in the general population, little is known regarding nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with schizophrenia.

Procedures
We analyzed the medical records of patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (N = 253) who received an abdominal echography.

Results
In total, 108 patients (42.7%) showed NAFLD on abdominal echography. Of these, 13 patients (12.0%) showed signs of fibrosis on abdominal echography. In terms of age distribution, NAFLD was more prevalent in younger patients, particularly in female patients. We also found that body mass index, the total dose of antipsychotic drugs that carry a risk of metabolic syndrome, and the total dose of antipsychotic drugs that carry a risk of hyperprolactinemia were significantly associated with NAFLD (P < 0.001, 0.049, and 0.041, respectively). In our exploratory analysis, we found that signs of fibrosis in NAFLD were more highly associated with female patients (P = 0.023). Importantly, the risk in younger female patients may be specific to patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population.

Conclusions
Considering that antipsychotic drugs were associated with the development of NAFLD, early detection and management of NAFLD should be conducted in patients with schizophrenia.
Cytomegalovirus Latency Exacerbated Small-for-size Liver Graft Injury Through Activation of CCL19/CCR7 in Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Liu Xiao Bing , Liu Hui , Liu Jiang , Cheung Allen Ka Loon , Zheng Ming Zhu , Cheng Jin Lin , Liu Qing Sheng , Lo Chung Mau , Chen Zhi Wei , Man Kwan 
Published: June 2021

Background.
The interplay between cytomegalovirus (CMV) latency and graft malfunction after living donor liver transplantation remains poorly defined because of the complexity of clinical confounding factors. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of CMV latency on small-for-size graft injury and to get further insight into the pathogenic role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in this process.

Methods.
Rat orthotopic liver transplantation with small-for-size grafts was performed in a CMV latent model developed in immunocompetent Sprague Dawley rats using Priscott strain. Posttransplant graft injury including hepatocyte damage, stellate cell activation, and fibrogenesis was evaluated. Differential gene expression of HSCs in response to CMV latency was screened by cDNA microarray. Clinical validation was further conducted in human biopsies.

Results.
CMV latency aggravated hepatocyte apoptosis/necrosis in the early phase and enhanced HSC expansion and graft fibrosis during the middle-late phase in small-for-size liver grafts of the rat model. cDNA microarray mining revealed CCL19/CCR7 as one of the most noteworthy pathways bridging HSC activation and liver graft injury in the presence of CMV latency. Together with CCL19 upregulation, coherent overexpression of CCR7 in accumulated HSCs was confirmed in both rat and human CMV latent recipients. Moreover, addition of CCL19 in vitro promoted HSC migration by increasing the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2.

Conclusions.
Our data demonstrated that CMV latency aggravated early/late phase liver graft damage and fibrogenesis via CCL19/CCR7/HSCs axis. Blockade of CMV latency-related stellate cell activation may shed light on the strategy of graft protection clinically.
A pH-eQTL interaction at the RIT2-SYT4 Parkinson’s disease risk locus in the substantia nigra
Authors: Patel Sejal , Howard Derek , French Leon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) causes severe motor and cognitive disabilities that result from the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. The rs12456492 variant in the RIT2 gene has been repeatedly associated with increased risk for Parkinson’s disease. From a transcriptomic perspective, a meta-analysis found thatRIT2gene expression is correlated with pH in the human brain. To assess these pH associations in relation to PD risk, we examined the two datasets that assayed rs12456492, gene expression, and pH in the postmortem human brain. Using the BrainEAC dataset, we replicate the positive correlation betweenRIT2gene expression and pH in the human brain (n=100). Furthermore, we found that the relationship between expression and pH is influenced by rs12456492. When tested across ten brain regions, this interaction is specifically found in the substantia nigra. A similar association was found for the co-localizedSYT4gene. In addition,SYT4associations are stronger in a combined model with both genes, and theSYT4interaction appears to be specific to males. In the GTEx dataset, the pH associations involving rs12456492 and expression of eitherSYT4andRIT2was not seen. This null finding may be due to the short postmortem intervals (PMI) of the GTEx tissue samples. In the BrainEAC data, we tested the effect of PMI and only observed the interactions in the longer PMI samples. These previously unknown associations suggest novel mechanistic roles for rs12456492,RIT2, andSYT4in the regulation of pH in the substantia nigra.
Maternal underweight and obesity are associated with placental pathologies in human pregnancy
Authors: Scott Hailey , Grynspan David , Anderson Laura N , Connor Kristin L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMaternal underweight and obesity are prevalent conditions, associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, poor fetal development, and long-term adverse outcomes for the child. The placenta senses and adapts to the pregnancy environment in an effort to support optimal fetal development. However, the mechanisms driving these adaptations, and the resulting placental phenotypes, are poorly understood. We hypothesised that maternal underweight and obesity would be associated with increased prevalence of placental pathologies in term and preterm pregnancies.MethodsData from 12,154 pregnancies were obtained from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a prospective cohort study conducted from 1959 to 1974. Macro and microscopic placental pathologies were analysed across maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) to assess differences in the presence of pathologies among underweight, overweight, and obese BMI groups compared to normal weight reference BMI at term and preterm. Placental pathologies were also assessed across fetal sex.ResultsPregnancies complicated by obesity had placentae with increased fetal inflammation at preterm, and increased inflammation of maternal gestational tissues at term. In term pregnancies, increasing maternal BMI associated with increased maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), odds of an appropriately mature placenta for gestational age, and placental weight, and decreased placental efficiency. Male placentae, independent of maternal BMI, had increased inflammation, MVM, and placental efficiency than female placentae, particularly at term.DiscussionMaternal underweight and obesity are not inert conditions for the placenta, and the histomorphological changes driven by suboptimal maternal BMI may serve as indicators of adversities experienced in utero and potential predictors of future health trajectories.
A fast, general synteny detection engine
Authors: Ahrens Joseph B. , Wade Kristen J. , Pollock David D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe increasingly widespread availability of genomic data has created a growing need for fast, sensitive and scalable comparative analysis methods. A key aspect of comparative genomic analysis is the study of synteny, co-localized gene clusters shared among genomes due to descent from common ancestors. Synteny can provide unique insight into the origin, function, and evolution of genome architectures, but methods to identify syntenic patterns in genomic datasets are often inflexible and slow, and use diverse definitions of what counts as likely synteny. Moreover, the reliable identification of putatively syntenic regions (i.e., whether they are truly indicative of homology) with different lengths and signal to noise ratios can be difficult to quantify. Here, we present Mology, a fast, flexible, alignment-free, nonparametric method to detect regions of syntenic elements among genomes or other datasets. The core algorithm operates on consecutive, rank-ordered elements, which could be genes, operons, motifs, sequence fragments, or any other orderable element. It is agnostic to the physical distance between distinct elements and also to directionality and order within syntenic regions, although such considerations can be addressed post hoc. We describe the underlying statistical theory behind our analysis method, and employ a Monte Carlo approach to estimate the false positive rate and positive predictive values for putative syntenic regions. We also evaluate how varying amounts of noise affect recovery of true syntenic regions among Saccharomycetaceae yeast genomes with up to ~100 million years of divergence. We discuss different strategies for recursive application of our method on syntenic regions with sparser signal than considered here, as well as the general applicability of the core algorithm.
Enteric coronavirus infection and treatment modeled with an immunocompetent human intestine-on-a-chip
Authors: Bein Amir , Kim Seongmin , Goyal Girija , Cao Wuji , Fadel Cicely , Naziripour Arash , Sharma Sanjay , Swenor Ben , LoGrande Nina , Nurani Atiq , Miao Vincent N. , Navia Andrew W. , Ziegler Carly G. K. , Ordovas-Montañes José , Prabhala Pranav , Kim Min Sun , Prantil-Baun Rachelle , Rodas Melissa , Jiang Amanda , Tillya Gladness , Shalek Alex K. , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany patients infected with coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and NL63 that use ACE2 receptors to infect cells, exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms and viral proteins are found in the human gastrointestinal tract, yet little is known about the inflammatory and pathological effects of coronavirus infection on the human intestine. Here, we used a human intestine-on-a-chip (Intestine Chip) microfluidic culture device lined by patient organoid-derived intestinal epithelium interfaced with human vascular endothelium to study host cellular and inflammatory responses to infection with NL63 coronavirus. These organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells dramatically increased their ACE2 protein levels when cultured under flow in the presence of peristalsis-like mechanical deformations in the Intestine Chips compared to when cultured statically as organoids or in Transwell inserts. Infection of the intestinal epithelium with NL63 on-chip led to inflammation of the endothelium as demonstrated by loss of barrier function, increased cytokine production, and recruitment of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). Treatment of NL63 infected chips with the approved protease inhibitor drug, nafamostat, inhibited viral entry and resulted in a reduction in both viral load and cytokine secretion, whereas remdesivir, one of the few drugs approved for COVID19 patients, was not found to be effective and it also was toxic to the endothelium. This model of intestinal infection was also used to test the effects of other drugs that have been proposed for potential repurposing against SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these data suggest that the human Intestine Chip might be useful as a human preclinical model for studying coronavirus related pathology as well as for testing of potential anti-viral or anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Protein Interaction Network-based Deep Learning Framework for Identifying Disease-Associated Human Proteins
Authors: Das Barnali , Mitra Pralay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInfectious diseases in humans appear to be one of the most primary public health issues. Identification of novel disease-associated proteins will furnish an efficient recognition of the novel therapeutic targets. Here, we develop a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN)-based model called PINDeL to identify the disease-associated host proteins by integrating the human Protein Locality Graph and its corresponding topological features. Because of the amalgamation of GCN with the protein interaction network, PINDeL achieves the highest accuracy of 83.45% while AUROC and AUPRC values are 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. With high accuracy, recall, F1-score, specificity, AUROC, and AUPRC, PINDeL outperforms other existing machine-learning and deep-learning techniques for disease gene/protein identification in humans. Application of PINDeL on an independent dataset of 24320 proteins, which are not used for training, validation, or testing purposes, predicts 6448 new disease-protein associations of which we verify 3196 disease-proteins through experimental evidence like disease ontology, Gene Ontology, and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Our investigation informs that experimentally-verified 748 proteins are indeed responsible for pathogen-host protein interactions of which 22 disease-proteins share their association with multiple diseases such as cancer, aging, chem-dependency, pharmacogenomics, normal variation, infection, and immune-related diseases. This unique Graph Convolution Network-based prediction model is of utmost use in large-scale disease-protein association prediction and hence, will provide crucial insights on disease pathogenesis and will further aid in developing novel therapeutics.
Paradoxical tensions of the COVID-19 pandemic: a paradox theory perspective on the role of management control systems in helping organizations survive crises
Authors: Kober Ralph , Thambar Paul J. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper presents paradox theory as a useful theoretical lens for researchers exploring crises such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors argue that paradox theory, which emphasizes a “both/and” as opposed to an “either/or” approach, is ideally suited for management control systems (MCS) research on crises.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a revelatory case approach to provide empirical examples of the insights that paradox theory can provide.FindingsThis paper highlights how MCS can be used to simultaneously manage short-term/operational and long-term/strategic objectives to navigate a crisis. Furthermore, it highlights how MCS can be mobilized during crises to identify and embrace opportunities.Practical implicationsThis paper illustrates the importance of MCS focusing on not just the short-term, but also the long-term, and managing multiple objectives in assisting organizations to survive crisis.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the benefits of using paradox theory to understand the role of MCS in helping organizations manage crises and to use a crisis as a source of opportunity.
The impact of street food experience on behavioural intention
Authors: Ozcelik Ayten , Akova Orhan 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe aim of the study is to determine the effect of street food experience on behavioural intention and to determine the relationship between the street food experiences and behavioural intention.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, a quantitative research method and a structured questionnaire form are used. The author has used a 48-item questionnaire. The questionnaire contains three categories. In the first section of the questionnaire form, there were 14 questions to determine gender, education, age, income state and demographic findings of the participants. In other sections, a Likert scale with 5 points (strongly agree–strongly disagree) was used.FindingsIt was found that street food experience affects behavioural intention and also there is a significant positive relationship between street food and behavioural intention. The research includes constructive propositions for many institutions and organisations such as local businesses and local governments. In spite of the shortcomings of basic research about the impact of the street food experience on behavioural intention of the tourist, there is still some need of other with a wider sample and different studies to understand the impacts of street food experience. In addition, future studies can focus on the relationship between street food experience and food culture.Originality/valueIn tourism literature, there are so many research studies that examine tourist experience. Many of these studies are about the relationships between food and cultural experience. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted on similar relationships between street food and behavioural intentions in the literature. There are also some other studies that discuss different types of tourism experience. However, there has not been found any research on tourist experience of street food. In prior studies, rather than street food impacts on experience, food impacts on tourist experience have been emphasised. In this way, this study is important in terms of contributing both qualitative and quantitative studies.
Safari Industries Ltd. – driving through the fast lane?
Authors: Tiwari Shalini Rahul , Gupta Himanshu 
Published: June 2021

Learning outcomes
Understand the external environment and trends impacting customer preferences. Understanding the elements of customer segmentation and positioning for products such as backpacks and travel luggage. Understand the levers for turnaround management. Qualitative evaluation of an opportunity for investment – greenfield versus brownfield. Developing a marketing plan for growth.

Case overview/synopsis
Indian Luggage market has an oligopoly structure with three major brands – very important person (VIP) Industries, Samsonite and Safari Industries Ltd. (SIL), holding around 90% share of the organized market. The market had evolved slowly, with the players offering limited assortment and having limited manufacturing capacities in India. SIL, having been in business for nearly 25 years, had been registering a flat top line. In 2011, the top management shuffle at VIP Industries witnessed the exit of the then MD, Mr Sudhir Jatia. Mr Jatia decided to acquire the majority stake of 56.55% for Rs 29 crores for the struggling SIL. What followed in the subsequent years was the resurgence of SIL to a noteworthy position in the industry. From a merely 2% market share in 2011, SIL went on to hold nearly 16% market share in 2019. This growth in market share, along with CAGR of almost 15% for the luggage market overall, has boosted the revenue of SIL by nearly 10-folds from INR 620m in 2011 to INR 5.73bn in the year 2018. Several reasons had been identified behind the growth of this company, such as – Mr Jatia’s leadership style, focus on profitable stock keeping units, acquisition of other brands, operational efficiency and financial infusion. However, the larger question was that – Will SIL, which had been following a challenger strategy to date, be able to overcome the leaders in the industry? What strategies should it pursue now? And what obstacles can it expect on this anticipated journey of growth?

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate and post-graduate.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Focusing on sociopolitical issues in a secondary sports literature class: opportunities and experiences
Authors: Rodesiler Luke 
Published: June 2021

PurposeFollowing recent scholarship promoting the study of sports-related texts as a vehicle for examining sociopolitical issues, this study aims to identify methods and materials used to facilitate the extended exploration of sociopolitical issues in a secondary sports literature class and to establish how students describe their experiences taking up such activities.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study stems from a greater investigation into the teaching of secondary sports literature classes. Data collection involved conducting interviews, observing instruction and gathering artifacts. Driven by guiding research questions, data analysis was conducted in an iterative and recursive manner and multiple validation strategies were used to enhance trustworthiness.FindingsThe methods and materials used to facilitate the extended exploration of sociopolitical issues included a whole-class reading ofSeason of Life(Marx, 2003) and small-group research into “controversial topics” in sports culture. Student-participants described engaging with those methods and materials as relevant to their personal interests and experiences and revelatory in terms of learning about sociopolitical issues in sports and society.Originality/valueScholarship promoting the potential for sports-related content to support literacy instruction has grown in recent years. This study covers new ground, for it documents classroom research to build understandings about the methods and materials used to facilitate the extended exploration of sociopolitical issues in a secondary sports literature class and the ways students describe their experiences engaging in such activities.