bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential Protective Effect of Iridoid Glycosides Isolated From Osmanthus fragrans Seeds Against the Development of Immune Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Xiao Feng , Zhou Qiqi , Diao Tingting , Zhang Meng , Liu Dongyang , Wang Zhuowen , Huang Ting , Wu Yupei , Bai Yuting , Min Qing 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The iridoid glycosides were extracted and separated from Osmanthus fragrans seeds, and the potential protective effect of Osmanthus fragrans seed extract on concanavalin A-induced immune liver injury in mice was studied.Methods:Osmanthus fragrans seeds were extracted by 95% ethanol reflux. Then, the iridoid glycosides were enriched by extraction refined through petroleum ether (60°C–90°C), ethyl acetate, and water-saturated n-butanol in sequence, so as to purify the n-butanol part (Osmanthus fragrans seed’s n-butanol extraction, OFSN) by macroporous resin. Specnuezhenide and Nuezhenoside G13 were used as the reference substances to determine the concentration of iridoid glycosides by HPLC. On this basis, a mouse immune liver injury model was established by tail intravenous concanavalin A (20 mg/kg); the contents of serum ALT, AST, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and the contents of liver tissue MDA and SOD were determined; the pathological changes of the liver by HE staining were observed; and the expression levels of p38MAPK and p-p38mapk in liver tissue were detected by WB.Results: The linearity, precision, repeatability, recovery, and stability of HPLC all met the requirements by validating with the methodology. The contents of Specnuezhenide and Nuezhenoside G13 in the n-butanol extracts were 39.20% and 39.88%, respectively. Actually, their contents can reach up to 82.56% and 87.9% after being purified by macroporous resin. The results of animal experiments show that OFSN could significantly reduce the liver and spleen index, reduce the ALT and AST contents in plasma and the MDA content in liver tissue, and then increase the SOD content. Besides, OFSN could also reduce the plasma IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. The HE staining result indicates that the pathological changes in the liver tissues of mice treated with OFSN are alleviated to different degrees while the WB result suggests that OFSN could significantly inhibit the expression of p-p38mapk.Conclusion:Osmanthus fragrans seeds are rich in iridoid glycosides, which has a good protective effect on mouse immune liver injury caused by concanavalin A. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators, improving the antioxidant capacity of liver cells, and weakening the occurrence of lipid peroxidation.
A Systematic Review Examining the Approaches Used to Estimate Interindividual Differences in Trainability and Classify Individual Responses to Exercise Training
Authors: Bonafiglia Jacob T. , Preobrazenski Nicholas , Gurd Brendon J. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Many reports describe statistical approaches for estimating interindividual differences in trainability and classifying individuals as “responders” or “non-responders.” The extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted these statistical approaches remains unclear.Objectives: This systematic review primarily sought to determine the extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted sound statistical approaches for examining individual responses to exercise training. We also (1) investigated the existence of interindividual differences in trainability, and (2) tested the hypothesis that less conservative thresholds inflate response rates compared with thresholds that consider error and a smallest worthwhile change (SWC)/minimum clinically important difference (MCID).Methods: We searched six databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and SportDiscus. Our search spanned the aerobic, resistance, and clinical or rehabilitation training literature. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, and either: (1) stated that their exercise training intervention resulted in heterogenous responses, (2) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability, and/or (3) classified individual responses. We calculated effect sizes (ESIR) to examine the presence of interindividual differences in trainability. We also compared response rates (n = 614) across classification approaches that considered neither, one of, or both errors and an SWC or MCID. We then sorted response rates from studies that also reported mean changes and response thresholds (n = 435 response rates) into four quartiles to confirm our ancillary hypothesis that larger mean changes produce larger response rates.Results: Our search revealed 3,404 studies, and 149 were included in our systematic review. Few studies (n = 9) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability. The results from these few studies present a mixture of evidence for the presence of interindividual differences in trainability because several ESIR values lay above, below, or crossed zero. Zero-based thresholds and larger mean changes significantly (both p &lt; 0.01) inflated response rates.Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence demonstrating why future studies should statistically estimate interindividual differences in trainability and consider error and an SWC or MCID when classifying individual responses to exercise training.Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
Disinhibition of Primitive Reflexes in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: Insight Into Specific Mechanisms in Girls and Boys
Authors: Bob Petr , Konicarova Jana , Raboch Jiri 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Cognitive and motor disintegration and other functional disturbances in various neuropsychiatric disorders may be related to inhibitory deficits that may manifest as a persistence or re-expression of primitive reflexes and few recent data suggest that these deficits may occur in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Methods: We have tested a hypothesis to which extent ADHD symptoms and balance deficits are related to persisting primitive reflexes, such as Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) and Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) in 80 medication-naïve children with ADHD (40 boys and 40 girls) in the school age (8–11 years) and compared these data with a control group of 60 children (30 boys and 30 girls).Results: These data show new finding that ADHD symptoms and balance deficits are strongly and specifically associated with persistent ATNR in girls and STNR in boys.Conclusions: These results provide first evidence in medical literature that ADHD in girls and boys is specifically related to distinguished neurological developmental mechanisms related to disinhibition of primitive reflexes.
Investigation of Health Science Students' Knowledge Regarding Healthy Lifestyle Promotion During the Spread of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alotaibi Naser , Al-Sayegh Nowall , Nadar Mohammed , Shayea Abdulaziz , Allafi Ahmed , Almari Mohammed 
Published: November 2021

Background: Health sciences students as future health care providers, can play a valuable role in protecting societies against the spread of COVID-19 through health promotion and lifestyle modification education. Therefore, proper education of these students is essential.Objective: This study sought to assess and measure the change of knowledge of health sciences students regarding healthy lifestyle promotion strategies during the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, after participation in different types of online and social media educational programs.Methods: In order to serve the purpose of the study, a methodological research design was first used to ensure the validation of the developed scale; the COVID-19 Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Scale (COVID-19 HLPS). The study utilized a four-arm randomized control research design in which the participants were randomly assigned into one of four groups, (1) control group (placebo intervention), (2) brochure group, who received brochures relevant to healthy lifestyle promotion, (3) Instagram group, who received similar information but through Instagram posts, and (4) online interactive educational workshop group, who also received similar information through an online interactive educational workshop.Results: In total, 155 participants participated in the online and social media intervention programs. There was a significant improvement in the intervention groups in the total knowledge subscale of the healthy promotion strategies compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Overall, the workshop group was the most effective group (effect size = 1.54) followed by the Instagram group (effect size = 0.99) and then the brochure group (effect size = 0.91).Conclusions: In order to meet the challenges posed by this pandemic, the use of such online and social media interventions is essential and may be the key for health promotion during this pandemic. Health science students, as future health care professionals, can play a fundamental role during the COVID-19 pandemic in disseminating knowledge relevant to healthy lifestyle to their families and communities thus promoting healthy living and behavioral changes. We propose the development of research initiatives at both national and international levels targeting changes within health science curricula that can meet potential challenges of future pandemics, leading to advancement of health care services globally.
Interactive Effects of Enalapril Administration and Novel HIIT Wheel-Bed Training in Aged Rats
Authors: Yang Youfeng , Banerjee Anisha , Sun Yi , Carter Christy S. , Buford Thomas W. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Growing research suggests that aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves cardiovascular function and physical performance compared with moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). However relatively few animal models of HIIT are available to inform about the benefits of this exercise—particularly among older animals. In addition, there is little evidence for how HIIT training interacts with adjuvant pharmacological therapies known to enhance the impact of MCIT in older individuals such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to establish a HIIT protocol in aged rats based on forced running wheel-bed, and to subsequently (1) establish the feasibility of the HIIT protocol in a proof-of-concept study evaluating interactions between HIIT and (2) the result of combining HIIT + ACE inhibitor treatment using the ACE inhibitor enalapril.Methods: Two groups of rats were used in this study. The feasibility of using wheel-bed for HIIT training was tested in group one (15- and 30-month-old male rats). In the second group, 37 24-month-old Fisher 344 x Brown Norway male rats were randomly divided into four subgroups: control, enalapril, HIIT training group, and HIIT training combined with enalapril administration. The training and administration lasted for 4 weeks. After the intervention, locomotor activity, exercise tolerance, and grip strength were tested.Results: Our feasibility study suggested that middle-aged and aged rats were able to successfully complete the HIIT training. In our intervention study, HIIT training alone, regardless of adjuvant enalapril intervention, did raise treadmill exercise tolerance vs. the sedentary condition. Measures of healthspan were not negatively impacted by HIIT training.Conclusion: The novel HIIT protocol based on forced running wheel-bed was successfully employed in aged rats. We conclude that future studies should compare the results and of multi-modal intervention strategies which include both HIIT and MICT in combination with adjuvant therapies such as enalapril to improve exercise tolerance and other global indices of healthspan.
The Suinfort® Semen Supplement Counters Seasonal Infertility in Iberian Sows
Authors: Piñán Javier , Martinez-Pastor Felipe , Alegre Beatriz , Maj Magdalena , Kirkwood Roy N. , Domínguez Juan Carlos , Manjarín Rodrigo 
Published: November 2021

Suinfort®, a commercial semen supplement demonstrated to increase fertility and litter size in commercial sows, was tested to improve reproductive performance in Iberian sows. A total of 1430 Iberian sows were artificially inseminated (AI) with semen from Duroc boars and assigned by parity to receive the seminal additive Suinfort® containing 2 IU oxytocin, 5 µg lecirelin, and 2 mM caffeine (SF; n = 1713 AI), or to serve as non-supplemented controls (CON; n = 2625 AI). CON showed a lower fertility comparing to winter for spring (p = 0.001) and summer (p < 0.001); summer was lower than autumn (p = 0.012). SF removed this seasonal effect (p > 0.05). Fertility was significantly higher for SF sows during summer (p = 0.025) and autumn (p = 0.004). Total born, live-born, stillborn, and mummified piglets did not differ between CON and SF but were impacted by the season, with total and live-born decreasing in summer compared with autumn (p < 0.001) and winter (p = 0.005). In conclusion, seminal supplementation with Suinfort® improved the fertility of Iberian sows during periods of seasonal infertility.
Rolling Texture of Cu–30%Zn Alloy Using Taylor Model Based on Twinning and Coplanar Slip
Authors: Hsiao Shih-Chieh , Lin Sin-Ying , Chen Huang-Jun , Hsieh Ping-Yin , Kuo Jui-Chao 
Published: November 2021

A modified Taylor model, hereafter referred to as the MTCS (Mechanical-Twinning-with-Coplanar-Slip)-model, is proposed in the present work to predict weak texture components in the shear bands of brass-type fcc metals with a twin–matrix lamellar (TML) structure. The MTCS-model considers two boundary conditions (i.e., twinning does not occur in previously twinned areas and coplanar slip occurs in the TML region) to simulate the rolling texture of Cu–30%Zn. In the first approximation, texture simulation using the MTCS-model revealed brass-type textures, including Y{1 1 1} <1 1 2> and Z{1 1 1} <1 1 0> components, which correspond to the observed experimental textures. Single orientations of C(1 1 2)[1¯ 1¯ 1] and S’(1 2 3)[4¯ 1¯ 2] were applied to the MTCS-model to understand the evolution of Y and Z components. For the Y orientation, the C orientation rotates toward T(5 5 2)[1 1 5] by twinning after 30% reduction and then toward Y(1 1 1)[1 1 2] by coplanar slip after over 30% reduction. For the Z orientation, the S’ orientation rotates toward T’(3 2 1)[2 1¯ 4¯] by twinning after 30% reduction and then toward Z(1 1 1)[1 0 1¯] by coplanar slip after over 30% reduction.
Doss ρ-Almost Periodic Type Functions in Rn
Authors: Kostić Marko , Du Wei-Shih , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we investigate various classes of multi-dimensional Doss ρ-almost periodic type functions of the form F:Λ×X→Y, where n∈N,∅≠Λ⊆Rn, X and Y are complex Banach spaces, and ρ is a binary relation on Y. We work in the general setting of Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents. The main structural properties of multi-dimensional Doss ρ-almost periodic type functions, like the translation invariance, the convolution invariance and the invariance under the actions of convolution products, are clarified. We examine connections of Doss ρ-almost periodic type functions with (ω,c)-periodic functions and Weyl-ρ-almost periodic type functions in the multi-dimensional setting. Certain applications of our results to the abstract Volterra integro-differential equations and the partial differential equations are given.
Analisis kadar zat besi pada sari kedelai kemasan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-VIS
Authors: Br Karo Reh Malem , Sinurat Jhon Patar , Fioni Fioni , Fibrini Dewi 
Published: November 2021

Latar belakang: Kedelai adalah hasil pangan jenis kacang-kacangan yang sangat kaya akan nutrisi yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui keberadaan zat besi dan kadar zat besi dalam sari kedelai. Metode: Analisis kualitatif menggunakan pereaksi NaOH, K4[Fe(CN)6] dan K3[Fe(CN)6] dan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visibel pada panjang gelombang 248.3 nm. Hasil: Sari kedelai mengandung zat besi yang dibuktikan melalui analisis kualitatif menggunakan pereaksi NaOH, K4[Fe(CN)6] dan K3[Fe(CN)6] yang menghasilkan masing-masing endapan hijau, biru dan coklat yang artinya mengnadung zat besi. Persamaan regresi linear larutan standar besi adalah Y = 0.0154x + 0.1555 dengan korelasi (R2) sebesar 0.9981. Kadar zat besi dalam sari kedelai adalah 56.48 mg/ml dan termasuk dalam kelompok produk yang memiliki kadar zat besi yang cukup tinggi. Kesimpulan: Sari kedelai mengandung zat zat besi dengan kadar sebesar 56.48mg/ml.
МАЛИЙ БІЗНЕС УКРАЇНИ У ДЗЕРКАЛІ ОФІЦІЙНОЇ СТАТИСТИКИ
Authors: Verlanov Yurii 
Published: November 2021

Статтю присвячено особливостям розвитку малого бізнесу в Україні. Дослідження носить перш за все описовий характер. Мету статті представлено як спробу відповісти на два основних дослідницьких питання: (1) Якими є особливості формування структури та динаміки розвитку малого бізнесу в Україні? та (2) Чим характеризується політика сприяння розвитку малого бізнесу в Україні? Кількісний аналіз переважно ґрунтується на даних офіційної статистики та аналітичних наукових публікаціях. Увага до малого бізнесу випливає з сучасних поглядів щодо його високої ролі в економічному зростанні країн. Отримані під час аналізу результати демонструють низку особливих рис стану розвитку. Так за останні майже 10 років кількість малих підприємств (МП) практично не змінилася, натомість відчутно скоротилася кількість великих та середніх підприємств (СП). Спостерігається зміна у галузевій структурі малих та середніх підприємств (МСП): значне скорочення кількості підприємств у фінансовій та страхові діяльності, у сфері тимчасового розміщування й організації харчування та у будівництві. На фоні цього в рази зростає кількість СП в охороні здоров’я та наданні соціальної допомоги, та мікропідприємств - у постачанні електроенергії, газу, пари та кондиційованого повітря. За останні роки зріс внесок СП у забезпечення зайнятості, натомість роль великих та МП зменшилася. Показово змінюється участь різних груп підприємств у формуванні доданої вартості: частка великих підприємств скорочується та активно зростає роль МСП. Характерним є зближення показника ефективності витрат на персонал для всіх груп підприємств. Втім, великі підприємства демонструють кращі фінансові результати діяльності і вони є лідерами за розміром інвестицій на одного працюючого. Досить нерівномірним є формування регіонального ландшафту МСП. В цілому Україна значно відстає у термінах показників оцінки політики сприяння розвитку малого бізнесу від Грузії - лідера серед країн східного партнерства: головним чином розрив спостерігається у сферах державних закупівель, інтерналізації, рівня послуг з розвитку бізнесу, зеленої економіки й інституційної та нормативної бази.
STATE POLICY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AS A SOCIAL SAFETY FACTOR: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM THE 17th to 21th CENTURIES.
Authors: Surgova Svitlana , Faichuk Olena 
Published: November 2021

The historical aspect of the development of state social policy of social protection of children in Europe from the 17th to 21th centuries is considered in the article. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the historical development of the state policy of social protection of children in European countries of the 17th to 21th centuries and learning from the experience of social protection of children in the context of Ukraine's European integration. The regulatory framework of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine has been studied. The statistic on different categories of children in need of social protection by the state is analyzed. The structure of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine is considered. The research methodology is based on the principle of priority of universal human values. As part of the tools of the proposed work the theoretical one is the analysis and generalization of scientific sources, educational and methodological publications on the theme and synthesis, as well as comparison and generalization of data. Based on the analysis of materials on the peculiarities of social protection in the UK, Germany, France, Sweden and Norway, it was determined that the social protection of children in Europe is characterized by assistance to them in providing conditions for the realization of their rights and freedoms. Equally important is the setting up of various charitable institutions, schools, penal colonies that help children change, as well as the emergence of social services that protect the rights and interests of children. The authors suggest that in the course of the studying the history of the issue of state policy of children’s social protection, there is an opportunity for analogies, the implementation of already proven steps on the path of democratization of national social protection policy. The researchers see the prospects for further research in the study of global innovative forms of social protection and support for at-risk children.
Identification of Dynamic Models by Using Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Danaci Mustafa , Koylu Fehim , Al-Sumaidaee Zaid Ali 
Published: November 2021

A modified versions of metaheuristic algorithms are presented to compare their performance in identifying the structural dynamic systems. Genetic algorithm, biogeography based optimization algorithm, ant colony optimization algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm are heuristic algorithms that have robustness and ease of implementation with simple structure. Different algorithms were selected some from evolution algorithms and other from swarm algorithms to boost the equilibrium of global searches and local searches, to compare the performance and investigate the applicability of proposed algorithms to system identification; three cases are suggested under different conditions concerning data availability, different noise rate and previous familiarity of parameters. Simulation results show these proposed algorithms produce excellent parameter estimation, even with little measurements and a high noise rate.
PENERAPAN BIRTH BALL DENGAN TEKNIK PELVIC ROCKING TERHADAP LAMA PERSALINAN PADA KALA I FASE AKTIF
Authors: Anuhgera Diah Evawanna , Ritonga Nikmah Jalilah , Sitorus Riris , Simarmata Juni Mariati 
Published: November 2021

A comfortable childbirth is the dream of mothers. Faster delivery progress can lead to quality midwifery care. Birth ball is a tool that can be used by mothers to position the pelvis properly, especially applied the pelvic rocking technique. This review study aimed to evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of using birth ball with pelvic rocking in duration of labor in kala I active phase. This study followed a quasi experimental research design with posttest control group design.The sample consisted of 12 treatment people dan 12 controls with the purposive sampling.Partograph was measured duration of labor in kala I active phase. The difference in duration of labor for the treatment and control group were tested with Mann Whitney. There was a difference in the effect of using a birth ball with pelvic rocking technique in length of labor in kala I active phase in the treatment and control groups with p-value 0.001. The use of birth ball with pelvic rocking technique is evidence to speed the duration of labor in kala I active phase. Birth ball with pelvic rocking are recommended to be use an alternative to speed the duration of labor in kala I active phase in midwifery services