bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment and Retention of Black Students in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs
Authors: Allen Mary E , Nunley Jess Celia , Scott-Warner Marcia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to 1) identify the major factors that influence the retention of Black undergraduate nursing students in baccalaureate nursing programs; 2) compare and contrast the major retention problems of Black baccalaureate nursing students in predominantly white universities with those of all Black students in similar institutions; and 3) generate questions for further study in the area of student retention.
The study used a convenience sample which included one private university and one public state university with baccalaureate nursing programs from the Eastern, Southern, Midwest, and Western regions in the country. Contact persons at each institution were asked to administer questionnaires to Black nursing students enrolled in the professional sequence of the curriculum, Black nursing faculty and administrators, and White nursing faculty and administrators. Data analysis consisted of a comparison between the responses of students, faculty, and administrators in 1980 and those of nursing students, faculty and administrators in 1984 to identified admission-retention barriers and possible remedies.
Confirming Communication of Nurses in Interaction With Physicians
Authors: Garvin Bonnie J , Kennedy Carol W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Communication is an essential component of the theory and practice of nursing. This study used a confirmation/ disconfirmation framework to describe the communication characteristics of 40 registered staff nurses videotaped in a decision-making task with a resident physician. Nurses were found to be confirming in 87% of their discourse. Differences in confirmation proportions were not found when educational preparation and sex were examined. Older nurses and nurses with more years of professional experience were more confirming in their communication than younger and less experienced nurses. Implications of the study are discussed.
The Leadership/Management Role: A Differentiating Factor for ADN/BSN Programs?
Authors: Schank Mary Jane , Stollenwerk Ruth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The resurgence of the ADN/BSN issue relative to educational preparation and roles and the concomitant development of positions taken by the professional associations and National Commission on Nursing pointed to the need for study of current ADN/BSN curricula and utilization of graduates. Based upon a brief historical literature review and ADN/BSN competency statements, the leadership/ management role was selected for study as a possible differentiating factor between these programs. Findings from a statewide study of ADN and BSN programs and a representative sample of nurse executives indicated that an education and service dilemma exists relative to this role. The majority of ADN program directors noted that a leadership/management component should be part of ADN curricula, whereas BSN program directors did not concur. Nurse executives utilized ADN graduates in leadership/ management positions and stated that length of experience was an influencing factor in selection. Numerous other findings showed a discrepancy in beliefs and practices among educators and nurse executives. This survey demonstrates the need for curriculum changes and role clarification. The leadership/management role may be a viable area for consideration.
Survey of Baccalaureate Nursing Schools' Guildelines/Policies on AIDS
Authors: Bowles Cheryl L , Carwein Vicky L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A descriptive survey of 242 National League for Nursing (NLN)-accredited schools was conducted to identify guidelines and methods used to deal with both student assignment to AIDS clients and students who are HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) antibody positive or diagnosed as having AIDS.
Results indicated that 96% of the nursing schools have no guidelines for dealing with infected students, 76% have no guidelines for dealing with student assignments to AIDS clients; and 49% have no plans to develop guidelines. Thirteen percent felt HIV antibody testing should be required of all nursing students. While 66% responded that another assignment would be made if a student refused to care for an AIDS client, 45% added other comments, primarily that they would employ student conferences and further AIDS education as well. In dealing with HIV antibody positive students who are not ill, 84% felt students should remain in theory classes and 64% said they should remain in clinical. When asked about students diagnosed as having AIDS, 79% would allow theory attendance, and 31% would allow clinical attendance. Regarding who should be notified, 67% indicated the student health center, 41% said only nursing faculty in direct contact with the student, and 61% said the nursing school administration.
Results demonstrated few schools of nursing have existing guidelines, many have no plans to develop them, and uncertainty abounds in the resolution of these issues.
A Comprehensive Approach to Faculty Evaluation
Authors: Boland Donna L , Sims Sharon L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this undertaking was to design a comprehensive faculty evaluation instrument that would reflect the complexities of the faculty role. An 80-item instrument was designed from a review of the literature, content analyses on job descriptions, existing evaluation tools. Items were modified on the basis of critical review by educators with expertise and experience in evaluation measurement and faculty role expectations. Instrument design incorporates the need for explicit criteria; flexibility in establishing performance standards and expectations; involvement of students, peers, administrators and self in the evaluation process; and greater consistency of judgments. When used in conjunction with a computerized data management package, this instrument provides a variety of information needed to make well-informed decisions regarding faculty development, promotion, retention and tenure of faculty members, and optimum utilization of faculty talents. Each school's faculty establishes standards of performance expectations according to its values, capitalizing on the unique nature of the proposed evaluation instrument.
The Use of Progressive Indicators as Predictors of NCLEX-RN Success and Performance of BSN Graduates
Authors: Horns Phyllis N , O'Sullivan Patricia , Goodman Rosalind 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Successful performance during the student's academic career contributes to his success on the NCLEIX-RN. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of success on the NCLEX preadmission and years 2, 3, and 4 variables in relation to NCLEX-RN scores. Data were obtained retrospectively from records of 408 baccalaureate nursing students. Preadmission variables were sex, age, race, and admission grade point average (GPA). Year 2 variables were numerical grades for the first two clinical nursing courses. Year 3 variables were numerical grades for clinical courses in mental health, adult health, and maternal child nursing. Year 4 variables were numerical grades in two senior clinical courses, percentile rank on NLN comprehensive exam, and graduate GPA.
In NCLEX-RN scores, 67% of the variance was accounted for by admission GPA and race (33%), one 2nd year grade (an additional 14%), the 3rd year adult health grade (an additional 11%), one 4th year theory grade, and the NLN comprehensive exam (an additional 9%).
These results suggest that there are preadmission and sophomore year predictors of NCLEX-RN success which could be used to design early interventions for students performing poorly and at risk of failing the NCLEX-RN.
Professional Resocialization of Post-RN Baccalaureate Students by Distance Education
Authors: Cragg Catherine E (Betty 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Distance education is being used to increase access to post-RN baccalaureate education. One of the objectives of degree programs is the professional resocialization of post-RN students. Because of the limited contacts with the institution, faculty, and student peers, the effectiveness of professional resocialization by distance education may be questioned. In this qualitative study, the responses of 24 students who had taken distance courses in Nursing Issues from four universities were analyzed for evidence of professional resocialization. Two of the universities used a group-oriented approach to distance education; two used an individual approach. Responses of students from the four schools and the two approaches were similar. All reported more awareness of issues in nursing and most reported attitude changes reflecting a more professional orientation. Among the changes were attitudes toward baccalaureate entry to practice, nursing theory and research, and the place of nurses and nursing in society. Despite the limitations of distance education, distance courses can be influential in the professional resocialization of post-RN students.
Academic Achievement Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: The Development and Test of a Causal Model
Authors: Chacko S B , Huba M E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article tested relationships among variables depicted in a causal learning model of academic achievement developed by the authors. The Learning and Study Skills (LASSI), Life Experience Survey (LES), and ASSET test were administered to 134 first-semester nursing students at a 2-year community college. The path analysis supported 11 of the 14 pathways tested. Language ability, reading ability, and self-efficacy were found to be direct effects on academic achievement. When self-efficacy was the criterion, students' language ability, math ability, motivation, and concentration and preparation for class were direct effects. Life stress, motivation, and self-monitoring/use of study strategies were found to be direct effects on students' concentration and preparation for class. In turn, when the ability to self-monitor and use study strategies was the criterion, motivation was the only direct effect. Overall, the model explained 46% of the variance in academic achievement.
College Students' Image of Nursing as a Career Choice
Authors: Mendez Diana , Louis Margaret 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article reports a study of the image of nursing among college students. It has been inferred that the poor image of nursing has a negative impact on recruitment into the profession. A convenience survey of two groups of college students was instituted to determine the image of nursing in relation to an ideal career, and to discover if any factors make the choice of nursing as a career more likely. The responses of 163 nonnursing students were compared to those of 93 nursing students.
These findings indicate that the image of nursing as a career choice among nonnursing college students correlated with their ideal career at r = .4072. As expected, nursing students correlated nursing with their ideal career more positively (r = .5941) than the nonnursing students. Implications for nursing and suggestions for further study are included.
Performance of Psychomotor Skills: A Comparison of Two Teaching Strategies
Authors: Baldwin Dee , Hill Peggy , Hanson Glenda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study compares two teaching strategies: textbook assignment and videotape with no faculty assistance, and textbook assignment and videotape with faculty assistance (demonstration of skills and supervised practice) to determine their effect on outcome performance (measurement of blood pressure) and on the student's perceived level of confidence. The intent of the study was to ascertain if the use of mediated instruction without faculty input would decrease faculty-student contact time without adversely affecting performance outcomes. Results of the study revealed that faculty contact is an important factor when students are learning to perform a basic psychomotor skill. It was concluded that mediated instruction is not appropriate as a complete substitute for faculty contact.
Journal Writing as a Mode of Thinking for RN-BSN Students: A Leveled Approach to Learning to Listen to Self and Others
Authors: Hodges Helen F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Returning to academe, RNe are conceptualized as adult learners, as gendered authors, and as developing students. For most RNe prior learning has evolved from the rational-technical model from which they have learned to look at the world from a distance, relying on empirical evidence and negating or denying personal knowledge. Carefully constructed assignments in journal writing based on educational and developmental theory can be an effective means to assist RN-BSN students in social, cognitive, and professional development. Journal writing in response to assigned readings and clinical experiences provides a safe environment for RNBSN students to explore critically the ideas of others, to look seriously at authorial intention and point of argument, and to articulate their own views of the world. Conceptually supported by student development and learning theories of Perry (1970) and Knowles (1984), and qualitative research with women's ways of knowing (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule, 1986), a leveled model of journal writing for RN-BSN students is described as a vehicle for the development of writing and thinking critically.
Connecting the Research and Nursing Processes: Making a Difference in Baccalaureate Students' Attitudes and Abilities
Authors: Morse Winifred , Oleson Marjorie , Duffy Linda , Patek Ann , Sohr Gayle 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Student nurses are often intimidated by the research process. They also frequently have negative attitudes about working with the elderly, especially in long-term care settings. This article describes a clinical project designed to help students improve their attitudes, knowledge, and skills toward research and care of the elderly by connecting the research process and the nursing process. Students implement research-based clinical practice in a long-term care setting. Student evaluations indicate that project goals are achieved. Nursing staff evaluation data indicate that they find student projects interesting and useful in updating resident care plans.
In Search of Meaning: Identifying Competencies Relevant to Evaluation of the Community Health Nurse Generalist
Authors: Kaiser Katherine Laux , Rudolph Elizabeth J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to identify the competencies that faculty look for in evaluating the performance of baccalaureate community health nursing students. The approach to the research was qualitative and utilized an inductive analysis methodology. Eight faculty members provided data on how they judged the clinical performance of 92 students in a semester-long com muni - ty health nursing course. Thirty-five competencies emerged from the data which were grouped into two domains of performance evaluation: socialization to the community health nurse role and community health nurse clinical practice.
Drinking Problems of Nursing Students
Authors: Marion Lucy N , Fuller Sara G , Johnson N Peter , Michels Philip J , Diniz Carlos 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A sample of 315 nursing students in yearly cohorts (1988-1992) completed the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). A simple and quick instrument with established reliability and validity, the MAST had a reliability coefficient of .78 with this sample. The MAST scores of the nursing students indicated that 21.5% had probable alcoholism or were alcoholic. Drinking problems among these nursing students were similar to those of other nursing students and college students in general. Implications for nurse educators include recognition that nursing students need continuing self-assessment and monitoring to avoid drinking problems as a student and future practitioner. Alcoholism self-screening is an excellent introduction to client assessment for drinking problems. Implications for future research include identifying correlates and determinants of problem drinking behaviors and ultimately developing and testing educational interventions to eliminate the problem.
Faculty Commitment: Retaining Minority Nursing Students in Majority Institutions
Authors: Campbell Arthur Ree , Davis Sandra M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Minority students are at risk in majority institutions. Students face personal, academic, and institutional barriers to their success. Low retention and graduation rates at majority institutions, and particularly in nursing programs, are cause for alarm and compel nursing faculty to take action in order to reverse the trend of under-representation of minorities in the ranks of the profession. Based on the literature and personal experiences, the authors maintain that commitment of both minority and majority faculty is the primary factor in promoting minority student success. Such commitment can lead to increased involvement of faculty in the success of minority students and to the establishment of organized programs and services that facilitate minority student success. Case illustrations are included.
Affirming Cultural Diversity: A Pathways Model for Nursing Faculty
Authors: Rew Lynn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article presents a model for affirming the diversity of backgrounds, learning styles, and career aspirations for students in baccalaureate and graduate nursing education. The theoretical model, known as Pathways, is developed with a travel analogy and begins by acknowledging the diversity of educational preparation and socialization experienced by students from various cultural, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. Learning styles and needs of these students are addressed through assessment and interventions that are individualized and serve as maps and guides through the professional learning sequence and into future professional careers. The model is useful for planning and evaluating expanded services for a broad spectrum of students. The focus of this article is on the preparation of faculty as mentors for students with disadvantaged backgrounds.
Baccalaureate Student Gerontological Nursing Experiences: Raising Consciousness Levels and Affecting Attitudes
Authors: Fox Sherry D , Wold Jean E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate perceived learning and attitude changes of nursing students (n=144) toward care of the elderly population as a result of a senior capstone course in gerontological nursing. Theory content emphasized maximizing individual capabilities of the elderly and quality of Life. Clinical placements occurred in a variety of community and institutional settings, with a wide spectrum of elderly. Student attitudes were assessed using researcher-designed tools for quantitative and qualitative outcome measurements. Significant improvements in student attitudes were found (p<.001). Community-based settings provided significantly more positive experiences (p<.05) compared with institutional care. Qualitative findings revealed students gained positive awareness plus growth in professional abilities. We conclude that a senior capstone course with multi-site, independent, innovative projects can produce positive attitudes and heightened consciousness regarding gerontological nursing. Other nurse educators can benefit from these findings.
An Action Research Study into the Development of Nurses as Reflective Practitioners
Authors: Wong Frances K Y , Loke Alice Yuen , Wong Marian , Tse Harrison , Kan Eva , Kember David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study adopted an action research approach in addressing the question: How could nurses be prepared to be reflective practitioners? The study took place among a group of registered nurses who enrolled in the first year of their degree studies at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The methods of data collection included observation, interview, students' written material, and teacher reflection. The experience of this study suggested that teachers and students should be partners in the promotion of reflective learning among students. As teachers reflected on their teaching arrangement and the progress of student learning, students could accordingly be offered appropriate guidance. Throughout the span of their studies, students learned to gradually develop different perspectives in viewing professional nursing practice. The reconceptualization of nursing practice helped students challenge taken-for-granted views and eventually reconstruct their conception of nursing.
The Visually Evoked Occipitogram in Strabismic Amblyopia Under Direct-view Ophthalmoscopy*
Authors: Shipley T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Bangerter pleoptophore was redesigned to permit the recording of the visually evoked occipitogram in amblyopic subjects under direct-view ophthalmoscopy. Several normal subjects and several functional amblyopes were, thus, examined, with strict control of the light environment of both eyes. It was found, in severe amblyopes (20/200 or worse), that the amplitude of the VEOG was generally reduced, in comparison to that taken from similar regions in the normal control eye. Most interesting, however, was the decrease in amplitude found via the normal eye when the amblyopic eye was steadily illuminated with diffuse light. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the problem of the nature of amblyopia.
Binocular Polaroid Test for Vision Screening of Pre-School Age Children
Authors: Nuzzi Giuseppe , Leardi Ezia , Bonacini Mirca 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the results obtained with the Binocular Polaroid Test in a large population screening devised to detect vision disturbances in pre-school age children. The Binocular Polaroid Test is a new test for rapid detection of small unilateral scotoma in the binocular visual field.
The test was performed on 1566 children age 3 to 6 years in a field examination. The reliability of the test was controlled in a study examination.
A complete study examination was performed in 60 of the 96 subjects with a positive response to the test. One hundred subjects selected at random among those with a negative response were used as controls. The study examination disclosed vision disturbances in 41 of the 60 children with a positive response to the Binocular Polaroid Test. The remaining 19 results were normal. No vision disturbances were detected in the control group.
The predictive value and the "phi" coefficient were calculated. The results indicate that the Binocular Polaroid Test appears very suitable for vision screening in pre-school age children for whom an early diagnosis is of paramount importance for treatment and prognosis of a vision alteration.
Superimposition of a Cartoon Program as an Aid in Recording Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials in Children
Authors: Shors Tracey J , Eriksen K Jeffrey , Wright Kenneth W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Superimposition of a television program onto the black and white checkerboard stimulus used in performing the pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) has been found useful in testing adults and children. This study tested normal-vision children under two conditions: with the cartoon superimposition and with the standard black and white checkerboard. P100 amplitudes were decreased slightly with the superimposition, but the variability was not significantly different. Waveforms and latencies were not altered by the addition of the cartoon. The use of cartoon superimposition therefore can be helpful in maintaining attention during P-VEP testing in children, as long as the diminished amplitude characteristic is taken into account.
Epibulbar Tumors in Children: A Survey of 282 Biopsies
Authors: Cunha Rosana P , Cunha Marcelo C , Shields Jerry A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The histopathology of 282 consecutive clinically diagnosed epibulbar tumors excised from children age 15 years and younger was reviewed at a major ophthalmic hospital over a 20-year period. The most common epibulbar tumors of childhood are nevi, choristomas, epithelial inclusion cysts, and papillomas. There was only one malignant tumor among the 282 orbital tumors of childhood.