bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubble Forming Films for Spatial Selective Cell Killing
Authors: Hua Dawei , Harizaj Aranit , Wels Mike , Brans Toon , Stremersch Stephan , De Keersmaecker Herlinde , Bolea‐Fernandez Eduardo , Vanhaecke Frank , Roels Dimitri , Braeckmans Kevin , Xiong Ranhua , Huang Chaobo , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Sauvage Félix 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic and photothermal cell killing at the surface of tissues finds applications in medicine. However, a lack of control over heat dissipation following a treatment with light might damage surrounding tissues. A new strategy to kill cells at the surface of tissues is reported. Polymeric films are designed in which iron oxide nanoparticles are embedded as photosensitizers. Irradiation of the films with pulsed laser light generates water vapor bubbles at the surface of the films. It is found that “bubble‐films” can kill cells in close proximity to the films due to mechanical forces which arise when the bubbles collapse. Local irradiation of bubble‐films allows for spatial selective single cell killing. As nanosurgery becomes attractive in ophthalmology to remove superficial tumors, bubble‐films are applied on the cornea and it is found that irradiation of the bubble‐films allows spatial and selective killing of corneal cells. As i) the photosensitizer is embedded in the films, which reduces its uptake by cells and spreading into tissues and ii) the bubble‐films can be removed from the tissue after laser treatment, while iii) a low laser fluence is sufficient to generate vapor bubbles, it is foreseen that bubble‐films might become promising for safe resection of superficial tumors.
Cells in Slow Motion: Apparent Undercooling Increases Glassy Behavior at Physiological Temperatures
Authors: Schnauß Jörg , Kunschmann Tom , Grosser Steffen , Mollenkopf Paul , Zech Tobias , Freitag Jessica S. , Prascevic Dusan , Stange Roland , Röttger Luisa S. , Rönicke Susanne , Smith David M. , Bayerl Thomas M. , Käs Josef A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolvent conditions are unexpectedly sufficient to drastically and reversibly slow down cells. In vitro on the molecular level, protein–solvent interactions drastically change in the presence of heavy water (D2O) and its stronger hydrogen bonds. Adding D2O to the cell medium of living cells increases the molecular intracellular viscosity. While cell morphology and phenotype remain unchanged, cellular dynamics transform into slow motion in a changeable manner. This is exemplified in the slowdown of cell proliferation and migration, which is caused by a reversible gelation of the cytoplasm. In analogy to the time–temperature superposition principle, where temperature is replaced by D2O, an increase in viscosity slows down the effective time. Actin networks, crucial structures in the cytoplasm, switch from a power‐law‐like viscoelastic to a more rubber‐like elastic behavior. The resulting intracellular resistance and dissipation impair cell movement. Since cells are highly adaptive non‐equilibrium systems, they usually respond irreversibly from a thermodynamic perspective. D2O induced changes, however, are fully reversible and their effects are independent of signaling as well as expression. The stronger hydrogen bonds lead to glass‐like, drawn‐out intramolecular dynamics, which may facilitate longer storage times of biological matter, for instance, during transport of organ transplants.
Multilevel Photonic Transistor Memory Devices Based on 1D Electrospun Semiconducting Polymer /Perovskite Composite Nanofibers
Authors: Ercan Ender , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Hsu Li‐Che , Chen Chun‐Kai , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotonic field‐effect transistor (FET) memory devices offer unique advantages over conventional voltage‐driven memory devices, such as noncontact programming capability, rapid data transmission, and low power consumption. In this article, the first example of a nanofiber‐only photonic FET memory device is reported. Perovskite nanocrystal (βNC)‐embedded polythiophenes are employed as 1D semiconducting channels of the nanofiber matrix. A decent On/Off current ratio of ≈103 is reached for the best device with a prolonged data retention of over 104 s, attributing to the favorable energy level alignment and molecular packing of conjugated polymers in nanofibers. The composite nanofiber system exhibits superior photoresponsivity and charge retention, outperforming its film‐based counterpart owing to its regular 1D confined structure, and well‐dispersed βNCs. Collectively, the structurally fine‐tuned conjugated polymer and the 1D confined structure in the nanofiber promise good data discriminability and a highly fault‐tolerant photonic memory device. In addition, the fiber‐based flexible memory device exhibits excellent photonic memory performance, indicating its integrity for application in wearable electronics. The current system represents the first application of 1D perovskite nanocrystal/conjugated polymer composite nanofibers for high‐performance photonic memory devices, which reveals their potential to make composite nanostructures for novel pioneering photonic applications.
Naphthalene Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole: A New Functional Dye Based Optical Sensors for Monitoring Cyanide Ions in Water
Authors: Gholami Mahnaz D. , Liu Qian , Sonar Prashant , Manzhos Sergei , Ayoko Godwin A. , Izake Emad L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCyanide (CN−) is one of the most hazardous ions to humans and the environment. Therefore, sensitive, and selective sensors for CN− monitoring are highly required. A novel chemosensor based on naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole dye (TBC‐DPPN) is synthesized for the direct detection of CN− in water samples by naked eye and vibrational spectroscopy (UV–Vis and fluorescence). The electron deficient carbonyl group of the lactam ring of TBC‐DPPN undergoes a nucleophilic attack by the CN− thus causing the yellow color of the dye turn to colorless, and fluorescence of the dye at 527 nm to turn‐off. The mechanism of CN− sensing by the TBC‐DPPN sensor is confirmed by spectral measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The TBC‐DPPN sensor is utilized to determine the CN− by colorimetric and fluorescence methods in water down to 0.5 and 0.05 µm, respectively, which is well below the cut off limit of 1.9 µm that is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, TBC‐DPPN can act as dual channel sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of CN− in water.
One‐Step Formation of Hybrid Nanocrystal Gels: Deposition of Metal Domains on CdSe/CdS Nanorod and Nanoplatelet Networks
Authors: Zámbó Dániel , Schlosser Anja , Graf Rebecca T. , Rusch Pascal , Kißling Patrick A. , Feldhoff Armin , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHybrid semiconductor‐based nanocrystals (NCs) are generally synthesized in organic media prior to their assembly into catalytically promising nanostructures via multistep methods. Here, a tunable, easy‐to‐adapt and versatile approach for the preparation of hybrid nanoparticle networks from aqueous nanocrystal solutions is demonstrated. The networks consist of interconnected semiconductor NC backbones (made of CdSe/CdS dot‐in‐rods or core/crown nanoplatelets) decorated with noble metal (Au and Pt) or with metal‐based domains (Co2+ and Ni2+) demonstrating a powerful synthetic control over a variety of hybrid nanostructures. The deposition of the domains and the formation of the network take place simultaneously (one‐step method) at room temperature in dark conditions without any external trigger. Beside the in‐depth structural characterization of the gel‐like hybrid networks, the wavelength‐dependent optical features are studied to reveal an efficient charge carrier separation in the systems and a controllable extent of fluorescence quenching through the domain sizes. Photoluminescence quantum yields and decay dynamics highlight the importance of fine‐tuning the conduction band/Fermi level offset between the semiconductors and the various deposited metals playing central role in the electron–hole separation processes. This procedure provides a novel platform toward the preparation of photo(electro)catalytically promising hybrid nanostructures (acetogels and xerogels) without the need of presynthetic hybrid particle design.
Air‐Stable Silicon Nanocrystal‐Based Photon Upconversion
Authors: Xia Pan , Schwan Joseph , Dugger Thomas W. , Mangolini Lorenzo , Tang Ming Lee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhoton upconversion may have the highest impact in biological applications because incoming photons transparent to tissue can be combined to make visible light useful for photodynamic therapy and imaging. The ability to use semiconductor nanocrystals as light absorbers for photon upconversion is important because their strong absorption profiles are synthetically tunable. In particular, the use of earth‐abundant, environmentally benign silicon quantum dots (QDs) as light absorbers for photon upconversion is very attractive. In this work, the authors demonstrate a general strategy employing both physical and chemical barriers to achieve air‐stable fusion of triplet excitons photosensitized by silicon QDs, crucial to practical applications of photon upconversion. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) show that thermal hydrosilylation critical for colloidal stability and efficient triplet energy transfer creates a polymeric barrier to oxygen. This kinetic barrier to oxygen arises from the presence of cross‐linked surfactants and is complemented by the sacrificial oxidation of silicon QDs itself. Photon upconversion lasted longer than 4 days with quantum yields (QYs) as high as 7.5% (out of a maximum of 50%) using Si QD light absorbers with diphenylanthracene in methyl oleate. Oil‐in‐water micelles are air‐stable for 2 days with absolute upconversion QYs of 5.5%.
High‐Density Organic Electro‐Optic Crystals for Ultra‐Broadband THz Spectroscopy
Authors: Seok Jin‐Hong , Puc Uros , Kim Seung‐Jun , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Yu In Cheol , Rotermund Fabian , Kim Dongwook , Jazbinsek Mojca , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUltra‐broadband THz photonics covering the 0.3–20 THz range provides a very attractive foundation for a wide range of basic research and industrial applications. However, the lack of ultra‐broadband THz devices has yet to be overcome. In this work, high‐density organic electro‐optic crystals are newly developed for efficient THz wave generation in a very broad THz spectral range and are successfully used for a broadband THz time‐domain spectroscopy. The new organic THz generator crystals, namely the OHP‐TFS crystals, have very low void volume, high density, and are shown to cover the ultra‐broadband THz spectrum up to about 15 THz, which cannot be easily accessed with the more widely used inorganic‐based THz generators. In addition to the very favorable broadband properties, the generated THz electric‐field amplitude at the pump wavelength of 1560 nm is about 40 times higher than that generated by a commercial inorganic THz generator (ZnTe crystal). By using the newly developed OHP‐TFS as generation crystal in a compact table‐top all‐organic THz time‐domain spectrometer based on a low‐cost telecom fiber laser, the optical characteristics of a model material are successfully determined in the broad 1.5–12.5 THz range with high accuracy.
Superb Nonlinear Absorption of Triphenylene‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Associated with Abundant Metal d Electrons
Authors: Sun Yanhui , Li Hui , Gao Xiangyun , Yu Zhiyang , Huang Zhipeng , Zhang Chi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe exploitation of high‐performance nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is necessitated by the broad application of ultra‐intensive and ultra‐fast lasers. The superb nonlinear absorption and electronic‐structure‐related NLO response of M3HHTP2 are introduced here, where M is Co(II), Ni(II), or Cu(II) and HHTP is 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene. With the laser excitation at 532 nm, the Cu3HHTP2 exhibits a two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross‐section of 1.38 ± 0.11 × 107 GM, a value much larger than those of most reported NLO materials so far. The NLO response of M3HHTP2 correlates strongly with the number of metal d electrons. With metal d electrons number increasing from 7 to 10, the optical nonlinearity of M3HHTP2 under the laser excitation at 532 nm varies from three‐photon absorption (3PA) in Co3HHTP2, a combination of 3PA and 2PA in Ni3HHTP2, to 2PA in Cu3HHTP2. Abundant metal d electrons can mitigate the ground‐state depletion, and therefore the 2PA is enhanced. Accordingly, the superb nonlinear absorption of Cu3HHTP2 can be associated with abundant d electrons in Cu.
Potassium Base‐Catalyzed Michael Additions of Allylic Alcohols to α,β‐Unsaturated Amides: Scope and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Sai Masahiro , Kurouchi Hiroaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report herein the first KHMDS‐catalyzed Michael additions of allylic alcohols to α,β‐unsaturated amides through allylic isomerization. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of only 5 mol% of KHMDS to afford a variety of 1,5‐ketoamides in high yields. Mechanistic investigations, including experimental and computational studies, reveal that the KHMDS‐catalyzed in‐situ generation of the enolate from the allylic alcohol through a tunneling‐assisted 1,2‐hydride shift is the key to the success of this transformation.magnified image
Electrochemical‐In‐Situ‐Oxidative Sulfonylation of Phenols with Sulfinic Acids as an Access to Sulfonylated Hydroquinones
Authors: Sun Xue , Zhang Fanjun , Yan Kelu , Feng Wenfeng , Sun Xuejun , Yang Jianjing , Wen Jiangwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical in‐situ oxidative sulfonylation of phenols with sulfinic acids access to sulfonylated hydroquinones has been developed. A series of sulfonylated hydroquinones were prepared under mild mediator‐, catalyst‐ and exogenous‐oxidant‐free conditions. Notably, such an electrochemical in‐situ‐oxidative synthetic strategy presented wide functional group tolerance and amenability to gram‐scale synthesis with 62–80% yields.magnified image
Transforming Cotton Gin Trash to Engineered Functional Carbon Structures
Authors: Deshan Athukoralalage Don K. , Moghaddam Lalehvash , Siriwardena Dumindu P. , Strounina Ekaterina , Beltramini Jorge , Doherty William O. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the carbonization of cotton gin trash (CGT) into carbon structures shaped under the influence of different operating conditions including the impact of endogenous fatty acids impurities present in CGT. As expected, both KOH activation and high carbonization temperature increase the material surface area and porosity. Furan and arene groups are formed from 400 °C to 800 °C but the proportion of the furan groups are highest at 600 °C. This is due to the conversion of the fatty acids in CGT to furan units. XRD data reveals the presence of three aromatic layers at 400 °C, followed by structural rearrangement to the formation of five stacks aromatic layers at 800 °C consisting mainly of protonated and non‐protonated condensed arene groups. Interestingly, a reduction in the number of aromatic structures is observed if no acid pretreatment of CGT to remove inorganic impurities is conducted prior to pyrolysis to 600 °C. Two potential applications of the synthesised carbons are shown; one for the formation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (80%) from fructose, which compares favorably to other porous carbon materials produced under harsher conditions, and another derived CGT carbon material which shows a good uptake of hydrogen for storage.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Tetanus Vaccine in Healthy Adults in China: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Dose Escalation, Placebo‐ and Positive‐Controlled, Phase 1/2 Trial
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Yu Rui , Xiao Lanlan , Wang Jie , Yu Meihong , Xu Junjie , Tan Yajun , Ma Xiao , Wu Xiaoxin , Lian Jiangshan , Huang Kaizhou , Ouyang Xiaoxi , Bi Sheng , Wu Shipo , Wang Xiaoyan , Jin Jiandi , Yu Ling , Zhang Huafen , Wei Qi , Shi Jinfa , Chen Wei , Li Lanjuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTetanus is a fatal but vaccine‐preventable disease. The currently available tetanus vaccines are tetanus toxoid (TT)‐based. Although these vaccines are generally effective, challenges in vaccine development and access remain. A randomized, double‐blind, dose escalation, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled, phase 1/2 trial (ChiCTR1800015865) is performed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an alternative recombinant tetanus vaccine based on the Hc domain of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT‐Hc) in healthy adult volunteers. The primary outcome is the safety profile of the recombinant tetanus vaccine, and immunogenicity is the secondary outcome. 150 eligible participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive one of the three doses of recombinant tetanus vaccine (TeNT‐Hc 10/20/30 µg), TT vaccine, or placebo. The recombinant tetanus vaccine shows a good safety profile. The frequency of any solicited and unsolicited adverse events after each vaccination does not differ across the vaccine and placebo recipients. No serious treatment‐related adverse events occur. The recombinant tetanus vaccine shows strong immune responses (seroconversion rates, geometric mean titer, and antigen‐specific CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell responses), which are roughly comparable to those of the TT vaccine. In conclusion, the findings from this study support that recombinant tetanus vaccine is safe and immunogenic; thereby, it represents a novel vaccine candidate against tetanus.
Bioinspired Biomaterial Composite for All‐Water‐Based High‐Performance Adhesives
Authors: Lo Presti Marco , Rizzo Giorgio , Farinola Gianluca M. , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe exceptional underwater adhesive properties displayed by aquatic organisms, such as mussels (Mytilus spp.) and barnacles (Cirripedia spp.) have long inspired new approaches to adhesives with a superior performance both in wet and dry environments. Herein, a bioinspired adhesive composite that combines both adhesion mechanisms of mussels and barnacles through a blend of silk, polydopamine, and Fe3+ ions in an entirely organic, nontoxic water‐based formulation is presented. This approach seeks to recapitulate the two distinct mechanisms that underpin the adhesion properties of the Mytilus and Cirripedia, with the former secreting sticky proteinaceous filaments called byssus while the latter produces a strong proteic cement to ensure anchoring. The composite shows remarkable adhesive properties both in dry and wet conditions, favorably comparing to synthetic commercial glues and other adhesives based on natural polymers, with performance comparable to the best underwater adhesives with the additional advantage of having an entirely biological composition that requires no synthetic procedures or processing.
A Lubricated Nonimmunogenic Neural Probe for Acute Insertion Trauma Minimization and Long‐Term Signal Recording
Authors: Lee Yeontaek , Shin Hyogeun , Lee Dongwon , Choi Sungah , Cho Il‐Joo , Seo Jungmok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBrain‐machine interfaces (BMIs) that link the brain to a machine are promising for the treatment of neurological disorders through the bi‐directional translation of neural information over extended periods. However, the longevity of such implanted devices remains limited by the deterioration of their signal sensitivity over time due to acute inflammation from insertion trauma and chronic inflammation caused by the foreign body reaction. To address this challenge, a lubricated surface is fabricated to minimize friction during insertion and avoid immunogenicity during neural signal recording. Reduced friction force leads to 86% less impulse on the brain tissue, and thus immediately increases the number of measured signal electrodes by 102% upon insertion. Furthermore, the signal measurable period increases from 8 to 16 weeks due to the prevention of gliosis. By significantly reducing insertion damage and the foreign body reaction, the lubricated immune‐stealthy probe surface (LIPS) can maximize the longevity of implantable BMIs.
Decreased Abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila Leads to the Impairment of Insulin Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis in Lean Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ni Yueqiong , Qian Lingling , Fang Qichen , Zheng Tingting , Zhang Mingliang , Gao Qiongmei , Zhang Ying , Ni Jiacheng , Hou Xuhong , Bao Yuqian , Kovatcheva‐Datchary Petia , Xu Aimin , Li Huating , Panagiotou Gianni , Jia Weiping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough obesity occurs in most of the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a fraction of patients with T2D are underweight or have normal weight. Several studies have linked the gut microbiome to obesity and T2D, but the role of gut microbiota in lean individuals with T2D having unique clinical characteristics remains unclear. A metagenomic and targeted metabolomic analysis is conducted in 182 lean and abdominally obese individuals with and without newly diagnosed T2D. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) significantly decreases in lean individuals with T2D than without T2D, but not in the comparison of obese individuals with and without T2D. Its abundance correlates inversely with serum 3β‐chenodeoxycholic acid (βCDCA) levels and positively with insulin secretion and fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) concentrations. The supplementation with A. muciniphila is sufficient to protect mice against high sucrose‐induced impairment of glucose intolerance by decreasing βCDCA and increasing insulin secretion and FGF15/19. Furthermore, βCDCA inhibits insulin secretion and FGF15/19 expression. These findings suggest that decreased abundance of A. muciniphila is linked to the impairment of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in lean T2D, paving the way for new therapeutic options for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
Robust Electrodes for Flexible Energy Storage Devices Based on Bimetallic Encapsulated Core–Multishell Structures
Authors: Li Yan‐Fei , Ye Shuyang , Shi Yan‐Hong , Lin Jian , Song Yi‐Han , Su Yang , Wu Xing‐Long , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Xie Hai‐Ming , Su Zhong‐Min , Sun Hai‐Zhu , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeveloping flexible electrodes with high active materials loading and excellent mechanical stability is of importance to flexible electronics, yet remains challenging. Herein, robust flexible electrodes with an encapsulated core‐multishell structure are developed via a spraying‐hydrothermal process. The multilayer electrode possesses an architecture of substrate/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/bimetallic complex/rGO/bimetallic complex/rGO from the inside to the outside, where the cellulosic fibers serve as the substrate, namely, the core; and the multiple layers of rGO and bimetallic complex, are used as active materials, namely, the shells. The inner two rGO interlayers function as the cement that chemically bind to two adjacent layers, while the two outer rGO layers encapsulate the inside structure effectively protecting the electrode from materials detachment or electrolyte corrosion. The electrodes with a unique core‐multishell structure exhibit excellent cycle stability and exceptional temperature tolerance (−25 to 40 °C) for lithium and sodium storage. A combination of experimental and theoretical investigations are carried out to gain insights into the synergetic effects of cobalt‐molybdenum‐sulfide (CMS) materials (the bimetallic complex), which will provide guidance for future exploration of bimetallic sulfides. This strategy is further demonstrated in other substrates, showing general applicability and great potential in the development of flexible energy storage devices.