bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune correlates of therapy outcomes in women with cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy: A systematic review
Authors: Lakomy David S. , Wu Juliana , Lombe Dorothy , Papasavvas Emmanouil , Msadabwe Susan Citonje , Geng Yimin , Montaner Luis J. , Chiao Elizabeth , Lin Lilie L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmune markers have been correlated with prognosis in a variety of solid tumors, including cervical cancer.ObjectiveTo review the literature on hematologic and immune markers and their association with recurrence and survival among patients with cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation.Evidence reviewThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines via searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library using keywords regarding cervical cancer, immune markers, and HIV. Studies involving patients treated with cisplatin‐based chemoradiotherapy were selected and reviewed by at least two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.FindingsA total of 737 studies were identified, of which 314 assessed immune biomarkers in immunocompetent patients (30 included in the final analysis) and 327 studies in immunosuppressed patients (5 included in the final analysis). The strongest prognostic indicators were lymphopenia and elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. Other potential markers included HPV‐specific lymphocyte response, cytokine profile, expression of immune‐blocking antigens on cell surfaces, and tumor‐associated lymphocyte, macrophage, and neutrophil infiltration. Studies of immunosuppressed patients described more severe cytopenic changes overall and concluded that viral suppression led to improved outcomes.ConclusionsThe immunologic interplay at work in cervical cancer development, progression, and treatment is complex. Strong evidence was found in favor of lymphopenia and elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio being prognostic for worse outcomes with other markers showing potential associations as well. Although the interpretation of immune status with regard to treatment approach remains unclear, future studies should aim to tailor treatment that minimizes possible detrimental immune effects.
Ein nanoporöser Goldschwamm als Katalysator
Authors: Thayssen Jan , Staubitz Anne 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungUnter nanoporösem Gold versteht man eine dreidimensionale, schwammartige Goldstruktur aus einer Vielzahl von Stegen und Poren, welche oft eine Größe zwischen 5–60 nm annehmen können. Das Material kann durch die gezielte Korrosion einer Legierung aus Gold und einem unedleren Metall wie Silber oder Kupfer gewonnen werden. Die anfängliche Zusammensetzung der Legierung sowie die Korrosionszeit spielen dabei eine erhebliche Rolle für die letztendliche Beschaffenheit des npAu. Das nanoporöse Material zeigt eine hohe Aktivität und Selektivität als heterogener Katalysator in der Gas‐ sowie Flüssigphase. So ist die aerobe Oxidation von CO selbst bei –30 °C möglich. Auch Alkohole wie Methanol oder größere organische Moleküle wie Silane können erfolgreich oxidiert werden. Ebenso wurde demonstriert, dass Wasserstofftransferreaktionen auf Alkine möglich sind, bei welchen eine selektive Ausbildung des Z‐Alkens erfolgt. Die Aktivität des npAu zeigt dabei eine hohe Abhängigkeit von der Größe der Stege sowie der Präsenz kleiner Mengen an Restsilber im Material. Sauerstoff wird an den niedrig koordinierten Goldatomen aktiviert, wobei angrenzende Silberatome die Energie für die Chemisorption herabsetzen. Abhängig von der Art der Reaktion sind allerdings unterschiedliche Parameter von Vorteil beziehungsweise Nachteil. Auch wenn bereits vieles über npAu als Katalysator bekannt ist, kommen stets neue Aspekte des porösen Materials ans Licht. Für die chemische Forschung ist npAu dadurch zu einem hoch interessanten und vielseitigen Kandidaten für heterogene Katalyse geworden, von dem man in Zukunft noch einiges hören wird.
First‐in‐Human Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Pirepemat, a Cortical Enhancer, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Rein‐Hedin Erik , Sjöberg Folke , Waters Susanna , Sonesson Clas , Waters Nicholas , Huss Fredrik , Tedroff Joakim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPirepemat (IRL752) is a cortical enhancer being developed for the prevention of falls in patients with Parkinson disease. This first‐in‐human, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 study evaluated safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of pirepemat administered as oral single ascending doses (10, 35, 75, 175, 350 mg) and multiple ascending doses (100 and 250 mg 3 times daily) for 7 days to healthy male volunteers. Twenty and 24 subjects were randomly assigned in the single ascending dose and multiple ascending doses parts of the study, respectively. Pirepemat was generally well tolerated, although an increased frequency of adverse events of mild intensity within nervous system disorders (headache and dizziness) was seen after administration of 350 mg as a single dose and after multiple doses of 100 and 250 mg. PK of pirepemat showed a linear relationship over the dose range studied and exhibited dose proportionality after multiple‐dose administration. Accumulation after 7 days of multiple dosing was minor. Absorption was rapid, with a median time to maximum concentration of 2.0 hours on day 1 and day 7 (100 and 250 mg) and a mean terminal half‐life between 3.7 and 5.2 hours. Food intake had no (obvious) impact on PK. The results support 3‐times‐daily dosing and further clinical development.
A feature‐based approach for guiding the selection of Internet of Things cybersecurity standards using text mining
Authors: van der Schaaf Koen , Tekinerdogan Bedir , Catal Cagatay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCybersecurity is critical in realizing Internet of Things (IoT) applications and many different standards have been introduced specifically for this purpose. However, selecting relevant standards is not trivial and requires a broad understanding of cybersecurity and knowledge about the available standards. In this study, we present a systematic approach that guides IoT system developers in selecting relevant cybersecurity standards for their IoT projects. The systematic approach has been developed in four stages. First, the common and variant features of IoT cybersecurity have been modeled using a feature model. Second, an up‐to‐date overview of the IoT cybersecurity standards landscape has been mapped by combining existing overviews. Third, a text mining algorithm has been implemented. Fourth, the systematic approach has been modeled using business process modeling notation. Our case study demonstrated that this approach is effective and efficient for guiding the selection of IoT cybersecurity standards.
Interannual variation in food choice of white‐headed langur inhabiting limestone forests in Fusui, southwest Guangxi, China
Authors: Lu Shiyi , Chen Ting , Huang Zhonghao , Li Youbang , Lu Changhu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFood habits are important factors in the adaptation of wild nonhuman primates. White‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) are endemic to heavily fragmented limestone forests and adapt to unique living environments via flexible food selection strategies. In this study, we compared the dietary data for white‐headed langurs living in Chongzuo White‐headed Langur National Nature Reserve in 2013 and 2016 to evaluate interannual variations in diet. Our results indicated that young leaves were the main food source for langurs, accounting for 52.4% (SD 25.4%) and 65.2% (SD 22.4%) of their diet in 2013 and 2016, respectively. The pattern of plant part consumption was similar between the two years. The consumption of young leaves varied with the availability of young leaves, whereas the consumption of mature leaves was negatively correlated with young leaf availability. The consumption of plant species and diet diversity were higher in 2013 than in 2016. In both 2013 and 2016, although diet diversity varied with the consumption of mature leaves, it was negatively correlated with the consumption and availability of young leaves. Dietary interannual variation is likely to either be linked to phenological variations or indicate that white‐headed langurs have a flexible ecological adaptation coping with habitat fragmentation.
Geochemistry and geochronology of intermediate volcanic rocks from the Compostela area, Nayarit, Mexico: Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting
Authors: Ruiz‐Mendoza Vivian , Verma Sanjeet K. , Torres‐Sánchez Darío , Barry Tiffany L. , Moreno Juan A. , Torres‐Hernández José Ramón 
Published: June 2021

The Compostela area is located in the western Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, which consists of volcanic rocks that produced during the Pliocene to Recent volcanism. In this paper, we present petrography, whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element concentrations, Ar–Ar ages, and Sr–Nd isotopic data of volcanic rocks from the Compostela area in the south of the city of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. These volcanic rocks are of intermediate composition and belong to the transitional series: basaltic trachyandesites [52.72–53.94 wt% SiO2; 0.69–2.53 wt% MgO] and subalkaline series: low‐Si [55.11–60.94 wt% SiO2; 0.79–2.74 wt% MgO] and high‐Si [61.60–62.71 wt% SiO2; 0.36–0.80 wt% MgO] andesites. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of two basaltic trachyandesites yields plateau ages of 1.05 ± 0.15 Ma and 1.07 ± 0.17 Ma and the andesites yielded a plateau age of 2.42 ± 0.36 Ma. These results indicate that the studied rocks were formed during the Pleistocene in two discrete episodes. The basaltic trachyandesites show enriched light rare earth elements patterns relative to high rare earth elements [(La/Yb)N = 5.81–8.07] with negligible Eu anomalies. The andesites display enriched large‐ion lithophile elements (Ba, K) with anomalies of Nb (Th/Ce) and Ti in the three groups identified in the subalkaline series. The basaltic trachyandesites appear in a tight cluster of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.703519–0.703882) as compared to the basaltic andesite 87Sr/86Sr (0.704073) and positive ɛNd(t) values of +5.6 to +3.4, respectively, indicating that the basaltic trachyandesites were derived from intermediate magmas from a shallow mantle source. Geochemical modelling reveals that both basaltic trachyandesite and andesite rocks were derived by a process of crystal fractionation accompanied by assimilation of crustal rocks at the lower or middle level. Geochemical ratios and multidimensional discrimination diagrams, combined with the cross‐section of the subduction zone indicates that basaltic trachyandesites were generated from a rift and/or Ocean Island Basalt‐type source, whereas andesites were generated from a slab‐derived source in a subduction environment.
The effect of coverage of smoking‐cessation aids on tobacco use: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Shen Yichen , Noguchi Haruko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn clinical trials, smoking‐cessation aids (SCAs) have proven to be effective at improving the odds of smoking cessation. Because of the effectiveness of SCAs in these settings, many countries have adopted the coverage of SCAs to reduce tobacco use. However, the effect of such coverage on tobacco use is ambiguous. On one hand, the coverage may have the intended effect and reduce tobacco use. On the other hand, the coverage may cause beneficiaries to participate in tobacco use more as the drug coverage protects beneficiaries from future costs associated with tobacco use. To understand the effect of SCA coverage, we examine it using 2008–2012 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey and a difference‐in‐differences approach. We find that SCA coverage increases cigarette and cigarillo use. Moreover, the effect of SCA coverage on tobacco use is stronger in men and in those with at least a college education. Our results point to the unintended consequences of the coverage of SCAs on tobacco use.
A snapshot of ABO, RH, and JK blood group systems in modern Ireland
Authors: Browne Anne , Kinsella Anthony , Keogh Moira , Morris Kieran , Field Stephen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to capture a snapshot of the Irish population to determine if there had been any changes in the ABO and RH blood group system (BGS) distribution from previous Irish studies and to establish an Irish JK BGS frequency, providing real time donor information to the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS).BackgroundIreland's population is constantly increasing and becoming more diverse, this has potential implications for the IBTS to provide blood with extended phenotypes for certain cohorts of patients.Materials and methodsAll first time blood donors had relevant testing performed in the Automated Donor Grouping (ADG) laboratory using the Beckman Coulter PK7300 analyzer with appropriate antisera by validated methods. All pertinent information and test results were categorized and analyzed.ResultsThe number of donors tested was 3427. ABO phenotype: A: 29.82%, B: 12.02%, O: 54.95% and A,B: 3.21%. RHD: 82.26%. RHCE: R1R1: 17.62%, R2R2: 2.89%, R1R2: 13.95%, R1r: 33.35%, R2r: 13.07%, Ror: 1.25%, R1RZ: 0.06%, R2RZ: 0.06%, r′r: 0.55%, r″r: 0.53%, rr: 16.66%. Kidd phenotype: Jk(a + b+): 49.63%, Jk(a‐b+): 23.34%, Jk(a + b‐): 27.02%.ConclusionThe observed frequencies for the relevant BGSs remained relatively unchanged to the prevalence values expected; however, statistically significant differences between the 2015 study and some of the previous studies were found for ABO distribution. 14.24% of the first time donors were born outside Ireland and statistically significant differences (P‐value < 0.001) were noted for aspects of the ABO and Rh phenotype distribution for the Irish born donors (BiI) vs those born outside Ireland (BoI).
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and peripheral biomarkers: An update
Authors: Peruzzi Caroline Portela , Brucker Natália , Bubols Guilherme , Cestonaro Larissa , Moreira Rafael , Domingues Daiane , Arbo Marcelo , Olivo Neto Pedro , Knorst Marli Maria , Garcia Solange Cristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeripheral biomarkers are important tools for detecting occupational exposures to prevent the onset and/or progression of diseases. Studies that reveal early peripheral biomarkers are highly important to preserve the health of workers and can potentially contribute to diagnosing and/or prognosing occupational pathologies. Exposure to crystalline silica is a problem in several workplaces because it increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis, clinically defined as silicosis. Silicosis is diagnosed by chest radiography and/or lung tomography in advanced stages when there is a severe loss of lung function. Peripheral biomarkers can help in diagnosing early changes prior to silicosis and represent a highly important technical‐scientific advance that is minimally invasive. This review aimed to investigate the biomarkers studied for evaluating occupational exposure to crystalline silica and to understand the recent advances in this area. Potential oxidative, inflammatory, and immunological biomarkers were reviewed, as well as routine biomarkers such as biochemical parameters. It was found that biomarkers of effect such as serum CC16 and l‐selectin levels could represent promising alternatives. Additionally, studies have shown that neopterin levels in urine and serum can be used to monitor worker exposure. However, further studies are needed that include a greater number of participants, different times of exposure to crystalline silica, and a combination of silicosis patients and healthy volunteers. Evaluating the concentration of crystalline silica in occupational environments, its impact on biomarkers of effect, and alterations in lung function could contribute to revealing early health alterations in workers in a more robust manner.
A mutant fibrinogen that is unable to form fibrin can improve renal phenotype in mice with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Narciso Marilou G. , Hoeting Blair , James Jeanne M. , VandenHeuvel Katherine , Nasimuzzaman Md. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSickle cell anemia (SCA) causes nephropathy which may progress to kidney failure. To determine if soluble fibrinogen (FibAEK) can prevent kidney damage in mice with SCA, we performed bone marrow transplantation (BMT) of Berkeley sickle mice into wild‐type fibrinogen (FibWT), and FibAEK mice that bear a germ‐line mutation in fibrinogen Aα chain at thrombin cleavage site which prevents fibrin formation. We found improved albuminuria in SS FibAEK mice compared with SS FibWT mice at 12 months post‐BMT due to the reduced kidney fibrosis, ischemic lesions, and increased survival of podocytes in the glomeruli, but did not improve urine concentrating defect. Therefore, our study clarifies the distinct role of fibrinogen and fibrin in the renal pathology of SCA.
Managing seasonality in West African informal urban vegetable markets: The role of household relations
Authors: Bellwood‐Howard Imogen , Ansah Isaac Gershon Kodwo , Donkoh Samuel Arkoh , Korbéogo Gabin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeasonality influences African informal agricultural markets, but existing literature inadequately explores its interactions with market actors' social relations and livelihood outcomes. Thus, agricultural commercialisation policy ineffectively supports such actors to manage seasonality. Across Bamako, Ouagadougou and Tamale, we conducted interviews, focus group discussions, and a survey of farmer and marketer profits across seasons. Hot, dry season lettuce transactions performed by marketers are more likely to make profit. Farmers and marketers rely on household and community relations and reproduce gendered skills to optimise profit and secure future income streams. Policies supporting household reproduction, and infrastructure, may best support their marketing activity.
An efficient CHA‐WMA control strategy for a non‐isolated quasi‐Z‐source novel multilevel inverter‐based grid connected PV system
Authors: Santhi R. , Srinivasan A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis manuscript proposes a hybrid approach for non‐isolated quasi Z‐source (QZS)‐novel cascaded multilevel inverter (NIQZS‐NMLI)‐based grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed hybrid approach is the combined execution of both the color harmony algorithm (CHA) and woodpecker‐mating algorithm (WMA), and hence it is called CHA‐WMA method. Initially, the NIQZS‐NMLI design is developed to gain the optimal control signal using the proposed controller. The NIQZS‐NMLI is developed with the reduced count of switches, diodes, and sources. The major objective of the proposed method is “to satisfy the load power requirement and to maintain the power regulation or maximum energy conversion of the wind and solar subsystems.” The proposed method strictly prohibits the variations present in the output voltage of the NIQZS‐NMLI. Here, the CHA is employed to evaluate the optimal gain parameters in light of the source currents variety from the normal value, also it is useful for generating the optimum control signals dataset in the offline way. In the online way, the WMA predicts the most optimal control signals of the NIQZS‐NMLI in light of the satisfied dataset. The resultant control signals have been utilized for controlling the insulated gate bi‐polar switches (IGBT) of NIQZS‐NMLI. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink site and the performance is analyzed with existing methods. Moreover, the PV performance is analyzed under three test cases. The PV efficiency of the proposed method for all cases is 89.3975%, 90.2653%, and 97.8095%. Overall, the comparison outcomes demonstrate that the proposed method is more efficient than the other existing methods.
Evaluation of liver tissue extraction protocol for untargeted metabolomics analysis by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Wang Peng , Liu Zengjiao , Wei Chunbo , Li Ying , Liu Liyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of the untargeted metabolomics study is to obtain a global metabolome coverage from biological samples. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic protocol for tissue metabolite extraction is highly desirable. In this study, we evaluated a comprehensive liver pretreatment strategy based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to obtain more metabolites using four different protocols. These protocols included (A) methanol protein precipitation, (B) two‐step extraction of dichloromethane‐methanol followed by methanol–water, (C) two‐step extraction of methyl tert‐butyl ether‐methanol followed by methanol–water, and (D) two‐step extraction of isopropanol‐methanol followed by methanol–water. Our results showed that protocol D was superior to the others due to more extracted features, annotated metabolites, and better reproducibility. And then, the stability and extraction sequence of protocol D were evaluated. The results showed that extraction with isopropanol‐methanol followed by methanol–water was the optimum preparation sequence, which offered higher extraction efficiency, satisfactory repeatability, and acceptable stability. Furthermore, the optimal protocol was successfully applied by liver samples of rats after high‐fat intervention. In summary, our protocol enabled a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of liver pretreatment to obtain more medium‐polar and nonpolar metabolites and was suitable for high‐throughput metabolomics analysis.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of dichlorphenamide for treatment of primary periodic paralysis
Authors: Sansone Valeria A. , Johnson Nicholas E. , Hanna Michael G. , Ciafaloni Emma , Statland Jeffrey M. , Shieh Perry B. , Cohen Fredric , Griggs Robert C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimLong‐term efficacy and safety of dichlorphenamide (DCP) were characterized in patients with primary periodic paralysis (PPP).MethodsPatients with PPP in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study were randomly assigned to receive DCP 50 mg twice daily or placebo for 9 weeks, followed by a 52‐week open‐label DCP treatment phase (DCP/DCP and placebo/DCP populations). Efficacy (attack rate, severity‐weighted attack rate) and safety were assessed in patients completing the study (61 weeks). In this post hoc analysis, efficacy and safety data were pooled from hyperkalemic and hypokalemic substudies.ResultsSixty‐three adults (age, 19‐76 years) completed the double‐blind phase; 47 (74.6%) of these patients completed 61 weeks. There were median decreases in weekly attack and severity‐weighted attack rates from baseline to week 61 (DCP/DCP [n = 25], −1.00 [P < .0001]; placebo/DCP [n = 20], −0.63 [P = .01] and DCP/DCP, −2.25 [P < .0001]; placebo/DCP, −1.69 [P = .01]). Relatively smaller median decreases in weekly attack and severity‐weighted attack rates occurred from weeks 9 to 61 among patients receiving DCP continuously (n = 26; −0.14 [P = .1] and −0.24 [P = .09]) than among those switching from placebo to DCP after 9 weeks (n = 16; −1.04 [P = .049] and −2.72 [P = .08]). Common adverse events (AEs) were paresthesia and cognition‐related events, which typically first occurred within 1 month of blinded treatment initiation and in rare cases led to treatment discontinuation. Dose reductions were frequently associated with common AE resolution.DiscussionOne‐year open‐label DCP treatment after a 9‐week randomized, controlled study confirmed long‐term DCP remains safe and effective for chronic use. Tolerability issues (paresthesia, cognition‐related AEs) were manageable in most patients.