bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of chemically treated new natural cellulosic fibers from peduncle of Cocos nucifera L. Var typica
Authors: Bright Brailson Mansingh , Joseph Selvi Binoj , Abu Hassan Shukur , Mustapha Jaafar Mariatti , Siengchin Suchart , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Liu Yucheng , Padmavathy Saji Raveendran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to look into the effect of chemical treatments on fibers extracted from the unbranched portion of the peduncle of the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L. Var typica) for use as reinforcement in polymer composites. The extracted coconut tree peduncle (CTP) fibers were treated with 5% alkali, 6% benzoyl peroxide, 0.5% potassium permanganate, and 1% stearic acid. The chemical composition, surface morphology, mechanical properties, crystallinity, and thermal decomposition of chemically treated CTP fibers were thoroughly investigated. The chemical analysis shows that fibers treated with 0.5% potassium permanganate had a maximum cellulose content of 58.05 wt% after hemicellulose, lignin, and wax were removed from the fiber. This has been due to the chemically treated fiber's improved crystallinity index, crystalline size, tensile strength, kinetic activation energy, and thermal stability. The existence of chemical functional groups is confirmed by Fourier transform infra‐red analysis, and major elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are quantified by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis in chemically treated fibers. The surface of the fibers has become roughened as a result of chemical treatments, as shown by the morphological analysis performed using scanning electron microscopy. Among the chemical treatments tested, fibers treated with 0.5% potassium permanganate demonstrated superior thermo‐mechanical properties for use as bio‐reinforcement in high performance polymer composites.
Effect of silane coupling treatments on mechanical properties of epoxy based high‐strength carbon fiber regular (2 x 2) braided fabric composites
Authors: Eryilmaz Oguz , Sancak Erhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBraiding technique is one of the most cost‐effective and versatile methods to manufacture braided preforms for producing textile reinforced composites. Carbon fiber is one of the most common reinforcing fibers having high strength and modulus used in high‐performance composites. In this study, epoxy resin was modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3‐aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (APMDMS) in order to enhance interfacial adhesion between matrix and carbon fiber. Composites were produced by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion method using braided fabrics which were manufactured from a high‐strength standard modulus type of carbon fiber (T700S) by using a radial braiding machine. Epoxy resin was treated with silane at different concentrations from 0.0% to 1.0%. According to the mechanical results, the ideal (optimum) concentration of APTES and APMDMS for the matrix modification has been around 0.5 wt% of the epoxy system. Also, the mechanical properties of APTES‐treated epoxy composites are slightly higher than those of APMDMS‐treated epoxy composites at the same concentration. When it is compared to silane untreated composite, 0.5 wt% of APTES/APMDMS silane treated epoxy/carbon braided composites have led to an increase of 7.71/6.16% and 7.65/6.05% in tensile and flexural strength while the corresponding increase has resulted in 17.48/13.51% and 16.63/13.33% in terms of tensile and flexural modulus, respectively. Impact testing results indicate that 0.5 wt% of APTES and APMDMS composites are improved 6.87% and 4.31% compared to untreated composites, respectively.
Constitutive expression and discovery of antimicrobial peptides in Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Jain Vijaylakshmi , Mishra Pankaj Kishor , Mishra Meenakshi , Prakash Veeru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe expression, identification, and discovery of less toxic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are significant in managing infectious pathogens. AMPs triggered in response to the immune system have evolved to defend against pathogens and wounding. The protein composition of Zygogramma bicolorata hemolymph is of diagnostic importance as the open circulatory systems of the insects involve signaling through hemolymph. They have conserved many ancestral vertebrate genes that may help better understand the evolution of innate immunity. The present work describes the isolation, purification, identification, and bioinformatics analysis of AMPs from the immunized hemolymph of Z. bicolorata. Thirty‐nine peptides were isolated from reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and sequenced via mass spectrometry analysis. The immunization process recorded a threefold higher protein concentration in immunized hemolymph when compared with nonimmunized one. For the first time, the proteomic study on Z. bicolorata hemolymph unveils the three novel proteins in the family Chrysomelidae with no homology in the database, indicating its novelty and the expression of the rest of 36 well‐known proteins, including heat‐shock, immune, structural, signaling proteins, and others speak for its method validity. Combining the expression of novel AMPs, detoxifying enzymes, hemolytic, and cytotoxic assays, and this work can elucidate new pathways to immune response mechanisms. Its molecular basis also holds the potential applicability in the future drug development process against pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
Phosphorylation in the accessory domain of yeast histone chaperone protein 1 exposes the nuclear export signal sequence
Authors: Ashida Sho , Morita Rikuri , Shigeta Yasuteru , Harada Ryuhei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHistone chaperone proteins assist in the formation of the histone octamers, the scaffold proteins that facilitate the packing of DNA into nucleosomes in the cell nucleus. One such histone chaperone protein is yeast nucleosome assembly protein 1 (yNap1), the crystal structure of which has been determined and found to have a nuclear export signal (NES) sequence within its long α‐helix. Experimental evidence obtained from mutagenesis studies of the budding yeast suggests that the NES is necessary for the transport of yNap1 from the cell nucleus to the cytosol. However, the NES sequence is masked by an accessory domain, the exact role of which has not yet been elucidated, especially in nucleocytoplasmic transport. To clarify the role of the accessory domain, we focused on its phosphorylation, because proteomic experiments have identified multiple phosphorylation sites on yNap1. To study this phenomenon computationally, all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations of the non‐phosphorylated yNap1 (Nap1‐nonP) and phosphorylated yNap1 (Nap1‐P) systems were performed. Specifically, we addressed how the NES sequence is exposed to the protein surface by measuring its solvent‐accessible surface area (SASA). It was found that the median of the SASA distribution of Nap1‐P was greater than that of Nap1‐nonP, indicating that phosphorylation in the accessory domain exposes the NES, resulting in its increased accessibility. In conclusion, yNap1 might modulate the accessibility of the NES by dislocating the accessory domain through its phosphorylation.
Soil bacterial community composition following cover crops and corn nitrogen management
Authors: Rutan Jeff , Rosenzweig Noah , Steinke Kurt 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUtilizing cover crops (CC) prior to corn (Zea mays L.) creates opportunities to increase plant diversity and influence soil bacterial communities, but data are scarce when CC are combined with corn N fertilizer management. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 to evaluate corn N strategies following daikon radish [Raphanus sativus (L.)], forage oat [Avena sativa (L.)], or no CC on soil bacterial community composition. Nitrogen strategies consisted of 179 kg N ha–1 applied pre‐plant incorporated as urea, slowly‐available poultry litter (61 kg N ha–1) plus sidedress (SID) N at V11, starter N (45 kg N ha–1) applied 5 cm beside and 5 cm below the furrow (5 × 5) plus SID at V4, V11, or 50:50 (split) V4 and V11, and a zero N control. Each year, soil bacterial community composition was variably influenced by CC and N management. With excessive May–June rainfall, radish and oat CC residues shaped community structure and membership differently regardless of soil sampling zone (between‐row or in‐row), but these residues influenced operational taxonomic units (OTUs) less under deficit May–June rainfall. Soil disturbance associated with coulter‐injection of V4 SID placement influenced bulk soil community structure between‐rows, whereas in 1 of 2 yr, the 5 × 5 N placement appeared to induce an in‐row corn rhizosphere response resulting in OTU membership differences from other N strategies. Including slowly‐available organic N as part of a well‐balanced fertility program may stabilize the impact of inorganic N fertilizer to soil bacterial communities.
Minimum dataset and metadata guidelines for soil‐test correlation and calibration research
Authors: Slaton Nathan A. , Lyons Sarah E. , Osmond Deanna L. , Brouder Sylvie M. , Culman Steve W. , Drescher Gerson , Gatiboni Luciano C. , Hoben John , Kleinman Peter J. A. , McGrath Joshua M. , Miller Robert O. , Pearce Austin , Shober Amy L. , Spargo John T. , Volenec Jeff J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil‐test correlation and calibration data are essential to modern agriculture, and their continued relevance is underscored by the expansion of precision farming and the persistence of sustainable soil management priorities. In support of transparent, science‐based fertilizer recommendations, we seek to establish a core set of required and recommended information for soil‐test P and K correlation and calibration studies, a minimum dataset, building on previous research. The Fertilizer Recommendation Support Tool (FRST) project team and collaborators are developing a national database that will support a soil‐test‐based nutrient management decision aid tool. The FRST team includes over 80 scientists from 37 land‐grant universities, two state universities, one private university, three federal agencies, two private not‐for‐profit organizations, and one state department of agriculture. The minimum dataset committee developed and vetted a robust set of factors fo minimum dataset consideration that includes information on soil sample collection and processing, soil chemical and physical properties, experimental design and statistical analyses, and metadata about the trial, production system, and field management. The minimum dataset provides guidelines for essential information to meet the primary objective of knowledge synthesis, including meta‐analysis and systemic reviews, but permits researchers the flexibility to satisfy local, state, and regional objectives. Ultimately, this consensus‐driven effort seeks to establish a standard that ensures the maximum utility and impact of modern correlation and calibration studies for developing crop nutrition recommendations that improve productivity and profitability for the crop producer, while reducing environmental impacts of nutrient losses.
An efficientk‐modes algorithm for clustering categorical datasets
Authors: Dorman Karin S. , Maitra Ranjan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMining clusters from data is an important endeavor in many applications. Thek‐means method is a popular, efficient, and distribution‐free approach for clustering numerical‐valued data, but does not apply for categorical‐valued observations. Thek‐modes method addresses this lacuna by replacing the Euclidean with the Hamming distance and the means with the modes in thek‐means objective function. We provide a novel, computationally efficient implementation ofk‐modes, called Optimal Transfer Quick Transfer (OTQT). We prove that OTQT finds updates to improve the objective function that are undetectable to existingk‐modes algorithms. Although slightly slower per iteration due to algorithmic complexity, OTQT is always more accurate and almost always faster (and only barely slower on some datasets) to the final optimum. Thus, we recommend OTQT as the preferred, default algorithm fork‐modes optimization.
The Heterogeneity of Megakaryocytes and Platelets and Implications for Ex Vivo Platelet Generation
Authors: Liu Cuicui , Huang Baiming , Wang Hongtao , Zhou Jiaxi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlatelets, the chief effector of hemostasis, are small anucleate blood cells generated from megakaryocytes (MKs), and the defects in platelet production or function lead to a variety of bleeding complications. Emerging evidence indicates that MKs and platelets are much more diverse than previously appreciated and involved in many physiological and pathological processes besides hemostasis, such as innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, while the ontogenic variations in MK and platelet function have also become a focus in the field. However, whether MKs and platelets fulfill these distinct functions by utilizing distinct subpopulations remains poorly understood. New studies aimed at deciphering the MK transcriptome at the single-cell level have provided some key insights into the functional heterogeneity of MKs. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent discoveries of functional and developmental heterogeneity of MKs and its potential link to the heterogeneity of platelets. We will also discuss the implications of these findings while focusing on the ex vivo generation of platelets from human pluripotent stem cells. The improved understanding of the heterogeneity underlying human MK development and platelet production should open new avenues for future platelet regeneration and clinical treatment of related diseases.
The Effect of Biosimilar Administration on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Adalimumab-Controlled Psoriasis
Authors: Panahi M. , Skelly Y. , Zaman R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Adalimumab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor administered for the management of severe psoriasis. Previously limited to Humira, new biosimilar medications have now emerged including Amgevita. To date, there have been no comparison studies of adalimumab biosimilar use on different types of psoriasis.

Objective
To investigate the implications of biosimilar medications and patient specific factors on clinical outcomes, including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores.

Methods
A clinical notes review was performed for all dermatology patients with adalimumab-controlled psoriasis at our centre. Demographic profile, psoriasis subtype and changes in clinical patterns as demonstrated by PASI and DLQI were extracted and analysed.

Results
Of 91 records identified, 70 patients met the inclusion criteria. 21 patients (30%) demonstrated significant increase in PASI and DLQI scores with Amgevita. Scores improved to baseline once Humira was restarted. Findings reveal no difference in pre-adalimumab disease severity or mean age between the groups. Patients responding only to Humira had a greater proportion of females, and were likelier to have psoriatic arthritis (odds ratio [OR]: 10.63; p &lt; 0.0002) and nail involvement (OR: 6.13, p &lt; 0.02), compared with patients well controlled with Amgevita.

Conclusions
This audit of a single dermatology centre suggests switching to a biosimilar adalimumab may exacerbate symptoms of psoriasis. Future studies should investigate whether findings are restricted to our study population, and consider the influence of other factors, such as disease subtypes and medication formulations.
Application programming interface recommendation according to the knowledge indexed by app feature mined from app stores
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Xun , Liu Yuzhou , Liu Huaxiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApplication programming interfaces (APIs) play an important role in the increasingly competitive mobile application development industry, as they can greatly improve the efficiency of app development. However, finding proper APIs is often time‐consuming for the gap between the knowledge of APIs and app features. To solve this problem, we give an approach to summarize the wisdom of developers contained in the products in app stores and establish the system of API knowledge indexed by app features for the API recommendation. First, we extract features from the app descriptions and define the feature framework. Second, we parse the APK files of apps to gain the methods in code and APIs called by them and further introduce such API knowledge into the feature framework by utilizing method names as bridges. Finally, according to features in developers' queries, we locate corresponding feature nodes in the API knowledge system and recommend related API knowledge to developers. We conduct experiments based on 38,952 apps from five categories on Google Play, and the experimental results show that our approach has a good recommendation effect for the queries on app features.
Large‐Area MoS2 via Colloidal Nanosheet Ink for Integrated Memtransistor
Authors: Nguyen Duc Anh , Park Dae Young , Duong Ngoc Thanh , Lee Kang‐Nyeoung , Im Hyunsik , Yang Heejun , Jeong Mun Seok 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit intriguing properties for applications in optoelectronics and electronics, among which memtransistors received extensive attention as multifunctional devices. For practical applications of 2D TMDs, large‐area fabrication of the materials via reliable processes, which is in trade‐off with their quality, has been a long‐standing issue. Here, a simple and effective way is proposed to fabricate large‐area and high‐quality molybdenum disulfide thin films using MoS2 colloidal ink through a spray coating, followed by a postsulfurization process. High‐quality MoS2 thin films exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties that can be utilized in field‐effect transistors (FETs) and memtransistor arrays. The MoS2 FETs show an average on/off ratio of 5 × 106 and a high electron mobility of 10.34 cm2 V−1 s−1, which can be understood by the healing of sulfur vacancies, recrystallization, and the removal of the carbon contamination of the MoS2. These MoS2‐based memtransistors present stable operations with a high switching ratio tuned by back gate and light illumination, which is promising for multiple‐levels memory and complex neuromorphic computing. This study demonstrates a new strategy to fabricate 2D TMDs with large‐area and high quality for integrated optoelectronic and memory device applications.
Prevalence and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from retail chicken products and diseased chickens in Tai'an region, China
Authors: Xu Wenping , Zhang Huining , Hu Zixin , Miao Zengmin , Zhang Yuanrui , Wang Hairong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundClostridium perfringens is an important zoonotic microorganism, which can cause diseases in animals and humans under suitable conditions. Contamination of C. perfringens in chicken products has been reported worldwide, but the genetic diversity and relationship of isolates were seldom analyzed.ObjectivesThe current study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of C. perfringens from retail chicken products and sick chickens with suspected necrotic enteritis (NE) in Tai'an area, China.MethodsIn total, 295 samples were collected from Tai'an large poultry retail market and veterinary hospital in 2018, then the isolates were tested for toxin genes, drug resistance and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsOverall, 138 (46.78%) samples were determined to be positive for C. perfringens, and 99.37% of the isolates were identified as C. perfringens type A, with the remaining isolates being type F; 18.99% of the isolates were positive for cpb2 gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 52.27% of the isolates from poultry retail market and diseased chickens showed multiple antibiotic resistance. MLST results showed that 50 analyzed isolates can be divided into 39 sequences types (STs), clustered in three clonal complexes (CCs) and 23 singletons. Although most of the isolates belong to type A, considerable genetic diversity can be observed, with the Simpson's diversity index up to 0.9181. MLST results and phylogenetic analysis showed that a portion of the isolates from humans and chickens were assigned to the same clusters in the phylogenetic tree or found to be in the same CCs, indicating the chicken isolates and the human isolates are related in certain stratification.ConclusionsThis study showed that the contamination rate of C. perfringens in the local retail chicken products was relatively high. Most of the isolates exhibit broad‐spectrum antimicrobial resistance. The high antibiotic resistance of C. perfringens isolates and the relationship between isolates from human and chicken indicated potential public health risks.
Challenges, opportunities, and a research roadmap for downwind wind turbines
Authors: Bortolotti Pietro , Ivanov Hristo , Johnson Nick , Barter Garrett E. , Veers Paul , Namura Nobuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the challenges and opportunities presented by downwind wind turbines and offers a roadmap of future research pathways to maximize their potential. Multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimization comparison studies between upwind and downwind configurations on a modern 10‐MW offshore wind turbine are presented to support the discussion. On one hand, the downwind rotor is found to consistently have a smaller swept area under loading. As a result, the downwind design produces less annual energy production (−1.2%). On the other hand, lighter blades for the downwind configuration lead to lower capital costs (−1.7%), so there is little difference in the levelized cost of energy between the two. Key ultimate and fatigue loads are compared, with some values increasing in the downwind configuration, while others decrease. The impact of a downwind configuration on the tower and the impacts of cone and tilt angles and free‐yaw system on the levelized cost of energy are also investigated. The results show a mix of some advantages and disadvantages. Given these results, four areas of research in advanced controls, highly tilted rotors, higher fidelity aerodynamic models, and floating wind are proposed for downwind wind turbines.
An Ordered Alite Cement Clinker Phase (Ca3SiO5, aP162) from Flux Synthesis
Authors: Utrap André , Pielmeier Markus R. P. , Lange Tobias , Gädt Torben , Nilges Tom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCalcium silicates are the main components in cement clinkers. Alite, the nesosilicate or island silicate Ca3SiO5, also named C3S in cement chemistry notation, represents the main phase in Portland cement clinkers. Due to the metastability of Alite at room temperature, quenching from high temperatures is mandatory for phase preservation and impurities are important structure directing factors. Those two aspects result in a plethora of published polymorphs. Many Alite polymorphs described in the literature are characterized by various degrees of disorder within the Si−O substructure which is a direct consequence of afore mentioned features (i. e. quenching and presence of impurities). Here we report on the CaCl2‐flux mediated synthesis and structural characterization of an aP162 Alite featuring a fully‐ordered [SiO4] tetrahedron substructure. The orientation of the [SiO4] tetrahedron substructure is discussed based on the Nishi and Takéuchi nomenclature and is equivalent to the Golovastikov model reported in 1975. Rietveld analyses of a synthetic clinker and three commercial CEM I clinker substantiate that the aP162 model can successfully be applied for clinker phase analysis. Besides the structural characterization, quantum chemical band structure calculations based on Density Functional Theory methods illustrate the expected electrically isolating character of Ca3SiO5.