bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of lateral cephalometric radiographs in the assessment of the upper airway: a systematic review
Authors: Balashova M. E. , Khabadze Z. S. , Voronov I. A. , Bagdasarova I. N. , Fedotova N. N. 
Published: July 2021

Relevance. The problem of respiratory diseases has been studied for a long time by many specialists and remains relevant to this day. This problem has been of interest to researchers for many years due to several factors. In many studies, it was demonstrated, that a signifcant relationship exist between the upper airway condition and jaw growth, craniofacial skeleton and TMJ dysfunction. Lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) have been used to assess skull parameters, jaw bones and teeth, the morphology of the upper airway, the severity of airways obstruction and adenoid size. The present study aimed to determine the reliability of LCRs compared to CBCT in the assessment of the upper respiratory tract in order to determine which variables are reliable for potential use in clinical diagnosis.Aim. To analyze the literature on the effectiveness of the using Lateral Cephalogram in the assessment of the upper airway.Materials and methods. Electronic search of articles was carried out using search engines and databases: Cyberleninka, eLIBRARY, Google Scholar, Pub Med, SCOPUS. The publication date criterion was selected from January 2010 to January 2021. The electronic search was conducted using the following keywords: lateral cephalogram, upper airway, cone-beam computed tomography. A total of 10 studies from the literature met the selection criteria.Results. CBCT provides a good estimate of the transverse dimensions and volumetric measurement of the airway space. Linear measurements of CBCT and LCRs were quite reliable and reproducible. The most diffcult to study and differentiate area is the oropharynx, the variability of the pharyngeal segment cannot be predicted by LCs. LCRs method is advisable for adenoid pathology diagnosis due to its fnancial acceptability and availability. The cephalometric headflm provides a good general overall indicator for nasopharyngeal airway patency, adenoidal hypertrophy.Conclusions. The traditional lateral cephalogram remains not only a standard, reproducible and cost-effective diagnostic method in orthodontics, but also a reliable initial tool for screening upper airway obstruction, studying the nasopharyngeal morphology and assessment of adenoid size. Based on our results, the measurement of the nasopharyngeal space on lateral cephalograms can be used as an initial screening method to estimate the nasopharynx volumes. The results demonstrate that a lateral cephalogram can provide valuable information about the severe limitations and nasopharyngeal morphology
Occupational conditionality of diseases of chronic generalized periodontitis and bruxism in limestone quarry workers
Authors: Khaibullina R. R. , Rakhmatullina R. Z. , Valeeva E. T. , Kuznetsova L. I. , Bashirova T. V. , Rakhmatullin R. N. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To identify the occupational risk of developing chronic generalized periodontitis and bruxism in limestone quarry workers.Materials and methods. We examined 214 workers of the limestone quarry, of which 66 patients were diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis, aggravated by bruxism, these patients were taken for treatment. Investigated the indices of hygiene, bleeding, periodontal, measured the depth of periodontal pockets. Electromyography of the temporal and masticatory muscles, microcirculation of periodontal blood ﬂow, and radiography were performed. Established professional conditioning. The patented treatment we proposed: a children's phytogel for teeth and gums Karmolis was introduced into the pathological pockets and along the gingival margin, after which lasertophoresis was carried out according to the labile technique on the upper and lower jaws segmental. Fluctuorization, mouthguards, remedial gymnastics, self-massage – all these are the therapeutic measures offered by us.Results. After the treatment we carried out, the index of the indices improved, the speed and volume of blood ﬂow in the periodontium increased, the temporal and masticatory muscles became less tense, all this indicates a favorable course of the therapy.Conclusions. Moderate CGP, aggravated by bruxism, are occupational diseases in limestone mining workers.
Immunotherapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Rubik's Cube to Assemble
Authors: Rolfo Christian , Ordóñez-Reyes Camila , Cardona Andrés F. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer and is usually not diagnosed until an advanced-stage disease is present. Chemotherapy is the recommended treatment; however, it is known that chemotherapy alone has a low cure rate, harmful side effects, and a lack of sensitivity. Therefore, alternatives to improve the patient's experience and outcomes with immunotherapy are being used as first-line treatment in patients with NSCLC. Patients may develop primary or acquired resistance against immunotherapy, and the mechanisms of resistance are not yet fully understood. Currently, several new approaches are being developed to overcome immunotherapy resistance in NSCLC. Herein, we briefly discuss pathways driving resistance to immunotherapy and new alternatives that are being developed to overcome resistance.
Comparison of lesion level and ischemic modified albumin in peripheral artery disease
Authors: YÜCEL Cihan , KETENCİLER Serkan , TENEKECİGİL Aslıhan , GEMALMAZ Hüseyin , ÖZCAN Sevgi , KAYALAR Nihan 
Published: July 2021

Aim: Research is ongoing to discover biomarkers that can be used to monitor disease progression and predict prognosis in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is known to predict the risk for PAD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum IMA levels were associated with PAD lesions and ankle-brachial index (ABI) values, and to determine the accuracy of IMA levels in predicting PAD prognosis.
Material and Method: Seventy-three patients with PAD who applied to our hospital between July and September 2018 were included in the study. The lesion levels of patients with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) value lower than or equal to 0.9 were determined by computed tomography angiography (CTA). Patients were grouped according to their lesion levels and Fontaine classification. Serum IMA concentrations were measured and compared with regard to lesion levels and ABI values.
Results: Sixty-five of the patients (89%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 62.2 ± 8.8 (43–77) years. The mean serum IMA level was 25.9 ± 26.7 (10–218) ng/ml. Serum IMA levels were found to be lower in patients with bilateral iliac artery lesions (p = 0.040). There was no statistically significant relationship between other parameters and serum IMA levels (p >0.05 for all).
Conclusion: There is a need for biomarkers that can predict lesion level and prognosis in patients with PAD. Although no statistically significant relationship was found between lesion level and serum IMA concentrations in this study, further studies involving a higher number of patients may provide more informative data on this subject.
Investigation of the potential use of VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 as biomarkers of nickel exposure
Authors: OZTAN Ozgur , TÜRKSOY Vugar Ali , DENİZ Serdar , TUTKUN Engin 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Industrial and agricultural activities such as mining, smelting, and the discharging of industrial and domestic wastewater have increased the severity of heavy metal pollution in environments. Nickel poisoning continues to be an important occupational health problem in many branches of industry especially coating. Occupational exposure to nickel can occur through skin contact or inhalation of nickel-containing aerosols, dusts, or fumes. As a result of the toxic effect of nickel, it can cause various health problems, including respiratory and dermatological effects.
Methods: The study included 56 male workers exposed to nickel in coating factory (Ni-exposed group) and 44 non-exposed male workers (control group). Vascular Cell Adhesion protein (VCAM)-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 levels of serum were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Ni levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in urine samples.
Results: Significant intergroup differences were observed in the levels of all inflammatory parameters such as VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 (p
On the Evolution of Supermassive Primordial Stars in Cosmological Flows
Authors: Woods Tyrone E. , Patrick Samuel , Elford Jacob S. , Whalen Daniel J. , Heger Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Primordial supermassive stars (SMSs) formed in atomic-cooling halos at z ∼ 15–20 are leading candidates for the seeds of the first quasars. Past numerical studies of the evolution of SMSs have typically assumed constant accretion rates rather than the highly variable flows in which they form. We model the evolution of SMSs in the cosmological flows that create them using the Kepler stellar evolution and implicit hydrodynamics code. We find that they reach masses of 1 − 2 × 105 M⊙ before undergoing direct collapse to black holes (DCBHs) during or at the end of their main-sequence hydrogen burning, at 1–1.5 Myr, regardless of halo mass, spin, or merger history. We also find that realistic, highly variable accretion histories allow for a much greater diversity of supermassive stellar structures, including in some cases largely thermally relaxed objects, which may provide a significant source of radiative feedback. Our models indicate that the accretion histories predicted for purely atomic-cooling halos may impose a narrow spectrum of masses on the seeds of the first massive quasars; however, further studies incorporating realistic feedback will be essential in order to confirm whether or not this holds true in all cases. Our results also indicate that multiple SMSs at disparate stages of evolution can form in these halos, raising the possibility of SMS binaries and supermassive X-ray binaries, as well as DCBH mergers that could be detected by LISA.
Gravitational-wave Asteroseismology with f-modes from Neutron Star Binaries at the Merger Phase
Authors: Ng Harry Ho-Yin , Cheong Patrick Chi-Kit , Lin Lap-Ming , Li Tjonnie Guang Feng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gravitational-wave signals from coalescing binary neutron stars (BNSs) can yield important information about the properties of nuclear-matter equation of state. We investigate a direct link between the frequency of the quadrupolar 2
f-mode oscillation (f
2f
) of nonrotating and rotating neutron stars calculated by a nonlinear hydrodynamics code in the conformally flat approximation and the gravitational-wave frequency associated with the peak amplitude (

f

max

) of binary neutron stars from a set of publicly available simulations. We find that

f

max

and f
2f
differ by about 1%, on average, across 45 equal-mass systems with different total mass and equations of state. Interestingly, assuming that the gravitational-wave frequency is still approximately equal to twice the orbital frequency f
orb near the merger, the result indicates that the condition for tidal resonance

(
∣
m
∣

f

orb

)

m
=
2

=

f

2
f

is satisfied to high accuracy near the merger. Moreover, the well-established universal relation between

f

max

and the tidal deformability of equal-mass binary systems can now be explained by a similar relation between f
2f
and the tidal deformability of isolated neutron stars. For unequal-mass binaries,

f

max

increasingly deviates from f
2f
of the two stars as the mass ratio decreases from unity. Therefore, it is possible to relate the gravitational-wave signal at the merger of a BNS system directly to the fundamental oscillation modes and the mass ratio. This work potentially brings gravitational-wave asteroseismology to the late-inspiral and merger phases of BNSs.
Stars Lensed by the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way: Predictions for ELT, TMT, GMT, and JWST
Authors: Michałowski Michał J. , Mróz Przemek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gravitational lensing is an important prediction of general relativity, providing both its test and a tool to detect faint but amplified sources and to measure masses of lenses. For some applications, (e.g., testing the theory), a point source lensed by a point-like lens would be more advantageous. However, until now only one gravitationally lensed star has been resolved. Future telescopes will resolve very small lensing signatures for stars orbiting the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the center of the Milky Way. The lensing signatures, however, should be easier to detect for background stars. We predict that the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) will resolve the lensed images of around 100 (60) stars in the disk and 30 (20) stars in the bulge in the background of the SMBH, down to 28 (27) mag (Vega) limits at K-band, requiring 5 (1) hr of integration. In order to detect several such stars one needs the limit of at least 24 mag. With decade-long monitoring, one can also detect the rotation of the lensed images. The detection of elongated images will not be possible, because this would require a nearly perfect source-lens alignment. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will likely be limited by the confusion caused by stars near the Galactic center. The detection of such lensed images will provide a very clean test of general relativity, when combined with the SMBH mass measurement from orbital motions of stars, and accurate measurements of the SMBH properties, because both the source and the lens can be considered point-like.
The supplementary effects of omega-3 fatty acid alone and in a combination with vitamin D3 on serum leptin levels: A randomized clinical trial on men and women with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Abu-Samak Mahmoud S. , Hasoun Luai Z. , Barham Abeer , Mohammad Beisan A. , Mosleh Ibrahim , Aljaberi Ahmad , Awwad Shady H. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This randomized clinical trial (RCT) was designed to assess the effect of VD3, n-3FA, and their combination on serum leptin levels in people with vitamin D deficiency (VDD).
Subjects and methods: One hundred and forty six participants, were randomly assigned into four groups supplemented with the dose of 50,000 IU VD3 taken weekly (D), 300 mg n-3FA taken daily (Om), and their combination (D+Om) or control (C) for eight weeks. Fasting baseline and follow-up (10 weeks; 8 weeks supplementation plus washout period of 2 weeks) of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), leptin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and phosphorus were assayed. A paired T-test was used to assess the changes in serum leptin levels over of the follow-up period.
Results: Significant increase in follow-up serum leptin (10.62 ± 7.18 to 14.42 ± 8.29 ng/mL, P = 0.002) and TG (154 ± 84.4 to 200.1 ± 79, P = 0.015) levels were observed in n-3-FA supplemented group. Combination therapy (VD3 plus n-3 FA) significantly increased serum 25OHD (13.49 ± 4.64 to 37.09 ± 11.13 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001), TG levels (114.3 ± 57.3 to 139.1 ± 60.7 mg/mL, P = 0.007) and insignificantly serum leptin (6.74 ± 4.87 to 8.01 ± 6.77 ng/mL, P = 0.269).
Conclusion: Our study referred that notable elevation in leptin and TG levels might be linked to leptin resistance. However, further RCTs are required to clarify possible consequences resulted from the extensive administration of n-3FA supplements and their combinations with high doses of VD3 supplements on humans’ health.
La mise à disposition des biens de la communauté de Jérusalem et sa postérité aux trois premiers siècles du christianisme
Authors: Cornillon Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Dans cet article, Jonathan Cornillon reprend l’étude historique des péricopes évoquant le modèle de solidarité matérielle mis en place dans la communauté de Jérusalem, qu’il appelle « la mise à disposition des biens », afin d’en démontrer la complexité et la valeur historique. Cette étude se prolonge par l’analyse des textes patristiques des trois premiers siècles attestant de la postérité de ce modèle, que les spécialistes ont souvent limité à une tentative éphémère n’ayant pas survécu aux premières années de la prédication chrétienne, quand il n’était pas considéré, même pour la communauté de Jérusalem, comme une simple idéalisation apologétique.
Le ralliement du pasteur Eugène Bersier et de l’Étoile à l’Église réformée, en 1877. Analyse d’une polémique ecclésiologique
Authors: Perin Luc 
Published: July 2021

En novembre 1874, avenue de la Grande Armée à Paris, le pasteur Eugène Bersier (1831-1889) inaugure un temple d’environ 1 500 places avec une liturgie innovante : une nouvelle Étoile est née. Dès janvier 1875, Bersier envoie sa lettre de démission à la chapelle Taitbout, quittant ainsi les Églises libres séparées de l’État. Mais ce n’est que deux ans plus tard, en avril 1877, que l’Église de l’Étoile et ses deux pasteurs sont rattachés à l’Église réformée de France concordataire. Bersier justifie alors son évolution en remettant en question le principe d’Église de professants et en acceptant avec réalisme le lien avec l’État. Ce qui ne manque pas de provoquer une vive polémique avec les Églises libres. Tout en exposant leurs arguments ecclésiologiques, Luc Perin cherche dans cet article à clarifier les étapes et les raisons de l’évolution ecclésiastique du fondateur de l’Étoile.
Locating the Domestic in Vann Molyvann’s National Sports Complex
Authors: Nelson Roger 
Published: July 2021

Cet article aborde la question de la construction et de l’interprétation de l’architecture post-indépendance au Cambodge en s’appuyant sur l’exemple du stade national à Phnom Penh, conçu par Vann Molyvann et achevé en 1964. Jusqu’ici, la plupart des études sur le stade, et sur l’œuvre de Molyvann et l’architecture moderne cambodgienne plus généralement, ont souligné la présence de références stylistiques angkoriennes. D’un point de vue historiographique, cette insistance sur les liens avec les temples d’Angkor a pour effet la construction d'un discours à la fois téléologique et limité par le concept de nation. La contre-lecture présentée ici rapproche le stade plutôt de l’architecture domestique, ce qui permet de mettre davantage l’accent sur des formes architecturales contemporaines et des intersections régionales plus larges. Cet article propose trois approches différentes mais croisées, correspondant à trois notions du domestique. La première, s’appuyant sur des archives conservées au Cambodge et aux États-Unis, considère le contexte historique de la construction du bâtiment, offrant le stade comme emblème de la politique cambodgienne de non-alignement pendant la guerre froide, sous le règne du prince Sihanouk. La deuxième est iconographique : elle examine les références aux maisons en bois sur pilotis présentes au sein du stade, ainsi que la reprise, dans des maisons privées et de conception anonyme, de traits architecturaux caractéristiques des grands bâtiments publics. La troisième approche, spatiale et expérientielle, aborde la division interne des espaces du stade en zones à échelle réduite.
Wikipédia à tous les étages. Usages de l’encyclopédie pour l’enseignement en géographie
Authors: Commenges Hadrien 
Published: July 2021

Depuis sa naissance, Wikipédia a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux dans des disciplines variées : informatique, linguistique, géographie, science politique, etc. L’usage de Wikipédia comme objet de recherche n’a jamais posé problème, en revanche, l’usage de Wikipédia pour l’enseignement, en particulier pour l’enseignement universitaire, a toujours posé problème. Une majorité d’enseignants sont méfiants vis-à-vis de l’encyclopédie et recommandent explicitement aux étudiants de ne pas l’utiliser. Malgré ces recommandations, les élèves et les étudiants utilisent massivement Wikipédia pour la recherche d’information, tout en considérant, après leurs enseignants, qu’il s’agit d’une source illégitime. Ainsi, l’encyclopédie dispose d’un statut ambivalent, elle est à la fois utilisée et méprisée par les étudiants et les enseignants alors que très peu d’entre eux sont contributeurs. Wikipédia reste très peu intégrée aux enseignements universitaires alors qu’elle présente des avantages certains. Dans ce texte je propose un retour d’expérience issu de trois modules donnés dans l’UFR de géographie de l’Université Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne. À partir de ces expériences je mets en avant l’intérêt que représente l’usage de Wikipédia pour l’enseignement universitaire, en SHS et en géographie en particulier.
Vers un « Runet souverain » ? Perspectives et limites de la stratégie russe de contrôle de l’Internet
Authors: Limonier Kevin 
Published: July 2021

En 2019, la Douma approuvait une loi destinée à donner à l’Etat les moyens juridiques et techniques de contrôler les flux de données entrant et sortant du territoire russe, et de déconnecter le réseau national du reste du monde « en cas de menace ». Point d’orgue de la stratégie de souveraineté numérique portée par la Russie depuis le début des années 2010, cette loi dite du « Runet souverain » se heurte néanmoins à d’importantes difficultés, que cet article a pour objectif de mettre en lumière grâce à la cartographie et à l’analyse spatiale. À partir d’importants volumes de données, ce travail ébauche en effet une première cartographie des routes de l’Internet russe et des acteurs qui le structure afin de pointer les défis auxquels se heurte le « Runet souverain ».
Seasonal and Nonseasonal Longitudinal Variation of Immune Function
Authors: ter Horst Rob , Jaeger Martin , van de Wijer Lisa , van der Heijden Wouter A , Janssen Anna M W , Smeekens Sanne P , Brouwer Michelle A E , van Cranenbroek Bram , Aguirre-Gamboa Raul , Netea-Maier Romana T , van Herwaarden Antonius E , Lemmers Heidi , Dijkstra Helga , Joosten Irma , Koenen Hans , Netea Mihai G , Joosten Leo A B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Different components of the immune response show large variability between individuals, but they also vary within the same individual because of host and environmental factors. In this study, we report an extensive analysis of the immune characteristics of 56 individuals over four timepoints in 1 single year as part of the Human Functional Genomics Project. We characterized 102 cell subsets using flow cytometry; quantified production of eight cytokines and two chemokines in response to 20 metabolic, bacterial, fungal, and viral stimuli; and measured circulating markers of inflammation. Taking advantage of the longitudinal sampling, both seasonal and nonseasonal sources of variability were studied. The circulating markers of inflammation IL-18, IL-18 binding protein, and resistin displayed clear seasonal variability, whereas the strongest effect was observed for α-1 antitrypsin. Cytokine production capacity also showed strong seasonal changes, especially after stimulation with the influenza virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, we observed moderate seasonality effects on immune cell counts, especially in several CD4+/CD8+ T cell subpopulations. Age of the volunteers was an important factor influencing IFN-γ and IL-22 production, which matched the strong impact of age on several T cell subsets. Finally, on average, genetics accounted for almost 50% of the interindividual variance not already explained by age, sex, and body mass index, although this varies strongly for different parameters. In conclusion, seasonality is an important environmental factor that influences immune responses, in addition to specific genetic and nongenetic host factors, and this may well explain the seasonal variation in the incidence and severity of immune-mediated diseases.