bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic spectroscopic study of laboratory synthesized manganese oxides relevant to Mars
Authors: Xin Yanqing , Cao Haijun , Liu Changqing , Chen Jian , Liu Ping , Lu Yingbo , Ling Zongcheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMn‐rich minerals have been found by Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity in multiple sedimentary and basaltic outcrops at Gale and Endeavour craters, respectively, though the exact Mn‐bearing mineral species and the related geologic processes still need to be confirmed and elucidated. In the Kimberley region at Gale Crater, the Mn content of fracture‐filling materials that crosscut sandstone was evaluated to be higher than 25 wt%, indicating the existence of Mn oxides rather than evaporites or other salts. Furthermore, hydrated manganese oxides were also observed in Martian breccia meteorites Northwest Africa 7034 and 7533. However, due to the chemical complexities and often poor crystallinity of Mn‐oxide group, there are still difficulties for the quick and accurate phase identification by any single spectroscopic method. In this work, we focus on the systematic spectroscopic studies of seven pure Mn oxides (α‐MnO2, β‐MnO2, γ‐MnO2, δ‐MnO2, α‐Mn2O3, α‐Mn3O4, γ‐MnOOH) synthesized in laboratory, which were grown using a set of hydrothermal reaction and solid‐state calcination methods. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) were used to obtain the morphology and chemical compositions. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was employed for the phase identification and structural characterization of Mn oxides. Various spectroscopic techniques such as Raman, mid‐infrared (MIR), and visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) were used to demonstrate their spectral characteristics. We thus established a diverse spectral library including Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS datasets of Mn oxides, facilitating for the phase identifications of Mn‐bearing minerals for future applications in Mars explorations missions (e.g., Tianwen‐1 orbiter and Zhurong rover and Perseverance rover) as well as terrestrial and other planetary explorations.
Dosimetric justification for the use of volumetric modulated arc therapy in head and neck cancer—A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Buciuman Nikolett , Marcu Loredana G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionRadiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) has evolved rapidly in the past decades from conformal three‐dimensional technique (3D‐CRT) to intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT). This paper presents a dosimetric comparative study between VMAT and IMRT delivery based on current literature, while also presenting the potential challenges encountered with volumetric arc therapy.MethodsA systematic search of the scientific literature was conducted within Medline/Pubmed databases. A number of 13 papers fulfilled the search criteria which was based on the main objective to evaluate dosimetric characteristics of comparative treatment delivery with VMAT vs IMRT in HNC.ResultsOverall, from a dosimetric perspective, dose delivery via VMAT and IMRT present comparable results. Beside the delivery technique, target volume coverage also depends on the planner's expertise as well as the employed planning algorithm. At times, the superiority of VMAT emerges from the improved sparing of normal tissue, reduction of monitor units (MU) and of treatment delivery time. Similar to IMRT, one of the most important challenges of VMAT is the risk of developing secondary cancer due to the higher number of MUs compared to 3D‐CRT.ConclusionsBased on the comparative results with the more established IMRT, VMAT in HNC can be safely delivered either as a single treatment or combined with other techniques.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Yb3+: LuLiF4 Microcrystals and Laser Refrigeration of Yb3+: LuLiF4/Silicon‐Nitride Composite Nanostructures
Authors: Dobretsova Elena A. , Xia Xiaojing , Pant Anupum , Lim Matthew B. , De Siena Michael C. , Boldyrev Kirill N. , Molchanova Anastasia D. , Novikova Nadezhda N. , Klimin Sergei A. , Popova Marina N. , Chen Yueyang , Majumdar Arka , Gamelin Daniel R. , Pauzauskie Peter J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of 10%Yb3+:LiLuF4 (LLF) microcrystals are reported. A combination of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM (STEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy), temperature‐dependent Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements confirm a scheelite (I41/a) phase and substitutional doping of Yb3+ within the microcrystals. Laser cooling to more than 20 K below room temperature in vacuum (10−3 torr) is demonstrated when irradiating individual microcrystals using a near‐infrared pumping wavelength (λ = 1020nm) at a laser power of 40 mW (irradiance of 0.85 MW cm−2). The use of these microcrystals is further demonstrated for solid‐state laser refrigeration of an electron‐transparent silicon‐nitride (Si3N4) TEM window. A combination of internal luminescence thermometry, heat‐transfer modeling, and control measurements on lithographically patterned Si3N4 optical cavities is used to demonstrate successful bulk laser cooling of Si3N4 TEM windows by ≈15 K below room temperature, opening new opportunities for contactless in situ TEM refrigeration.
Intraoperative Label‐Free Photoacoustic Histopathology of Clinical Specimens
Authors: Baik Jin Woo , Kim Hyojin , Son Myeongjoo , Choi Junwon , Kim Kwang Gi , Baek Jeong Heum , Park Yeon Ho , An Jungsuk , Choi Hae Young , Ryu Seon Young , Kim Jin Young , Byun Kyunghee , Kim Chulhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring cancer resection surgeries, intraoperative histopathologic examination of the surgical specimen is crucial for tumor margin identification. A conventional frozen‐section analysis requires complex tissue processing, which prolongs surgery and potentially introduces interpretation errors. Here, as a novel approach to label‐free intraoperative histopathology, a high‐speed reflection‐mode ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy (UV‐PAM) system employing a waterproof 1‐axis microelectromechanical systems scanner is demonstrated. Label‐free nuclear imaging is photoacoustically verified using tissue sections excised from mice and humans. Moreover, by imaging clinical specimens from cancer patients and numerically quantifying the histopathologic results, it is successfully demonstrated that the proposed UV‐PAM system has great potential as an alternative intraoperative histopathology method with minimal tissue preparation processes.
Polyglutamine‐Expanded Ataxin‐3: A Target Engagement Marker for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Hübener‐Schmid Jeannette , Kuhlbrodt Kirsten , Peladan Julien , Faber Jennifer , Santana Magda M. , Hengel Holger , Jacobi Heike , Reetz Kathrin , Garcia‐Moreno Hector , Raposo Mafalda , van Gaalen Judith , Infante Jon , Steiner Katharina M. , de Vries Jeroen , Verbeek Marcel M. , Giunti Paola , Pereira de Almeida Luis , Lima Manuela , van de Warrenburg Bart , Schöls Ludger , Klockgether Thomas , Synofzik Matthis ,   European Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type‐3/Machado–Joseph Disease Initiative (ESMI) Study Group, Riess Olaf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin‐3 gene. Although no curative therapy is yet available, preclinical gene‐silencing approaches to reduce polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity demonstrate promising results. In view of upcoming clinical trials, quantitative and easily accessible molecular markers are of critical importance as pharmacodynamic and particularly as target engagement markers.ObjectiveWe aimed at developing an ultrasensitive immunoassay to measure specifically polyQ‐expanded ataxin‐3 in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsUsing the novel single molecule counting ataxin‐3 immunoassay, we analyzed cross‐sectional and longitudinal patient biomaterials.ResultsStatistical analyses revealed a correlation with clinical parameters and a stability of polyQ‐expanded ataxin‐3 during conversion from the pre‐ataxic to the ataxic phases.ConclusionsThe novel immunoassay is able to quantify polyQ‐expanded ataxin‐3 in plasma and CSF, whereas ataxin‐3 levels in plasma correlate with disease severity. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated a high stability of polyQ‐expanded ataxin‐3 over a short period. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Insulin‐degrading enzyme: an ally against metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Sousa Luís , Guarda Mariana , Meneses Maria João , Macedo M Paula , Vicente Miranda Hugo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) function goes far beyond its known proteolytic role as a regulator of insulin levels. IDE has a wide substrate promiscuity, degrading several proteins such as amyloid‐β peptide, glucagon, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), and insulin‐like growth factors, which have diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. Importantly, IDE plays other non‐proteolytic functions such as: a chaperone/dead‐end chaperone, an E1‐ubiquitin activating enzyme, and a proteasome modulator. It also responds as a heat shock protein, regulating cellular proteostasis. Notably, amyloidogenic proteins such as IAPP, amyloid‐β, and α‐synuclein have been reported as substrates for IDE chaperone activity. This is of utmost importance as failure of IDE may result in increased protein aggregation, a key hallmark in the pathogenesis of beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus and of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we focus on the biochemical and biophysical properties of IDE and the regulation of its physiological functions. We further raise the hypothesis that IDE plays a central role in the pathological context of dysmetabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thoracic Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor: An alternative type of pleuropulmonary blastoma associated with DICER1 variation
Authors: Terry William , Carlisle Erica M. , Mallinger Paige , Nelson Alexander T. , Gordon David , Messinger Yoav H. , Field Amanda , Dehner Louis P. , Hill D. Ashley , Schultz Kris Ann P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 2‐year‐old boy presented with a large cystic and solid chest mass arising from the lung, radiographically consistent with pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB). He underwent right lower lobectomy with resection of a well‐circumscribed, mixed solid and cystic mass. The solid areas were composed of cords and nests of tumor cells in the myxoid stroma and retiform foci whose pathologic and immunophenotypic findings were consistent with a sex cord‐stromal tumor with features of a Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor. Tumor testing showed a pathogenic variant in the DICER1 RNase IIIb hotspot domain. Family history was suggestive of DICER1 germline pathogenic DICER1 variation in absence of a detectable germline variant. He received 12 cycles of chemotherapy with ifosfamide, vincristine, dactinomycin and doxorubicin (IVADo) and surgery with complete response. One year after completion of chemotherapy, imaging studies showed concern for recurrence confirmed by thorascopic biopsy of a pleural‐based mass. He is currently receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy with reduction in tumor size. Review of the literature showed no similar cases; however, review of our pathology files revealed a single similar case of anterior mediastinal Sertoli cell tumor in a 3‐year‐old girl.
Drug exposure misclassification in pharmacoepidemiology: Sources and relative impact
Authors: Hempenius Mirjam , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , de Boer Anthonius , Klungel Olaf H. , Gardarsdottir Helga 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDrug exposure assessment based on dispensing data can be misclassified when patients do not adhere to their therapy or when information about over‐the‐counter drugs is not captured in the study database. Previous research has considered hypothetical sensitivity and specificity values, whereas this study aims to assess the impact of literature‐based real values of exposure misclassification.MethodsA synthetic cohort study was constructed based on the proportion of exposure theoretically captured in a database (range 0.5–1.0) and the level of adherence (0.5–1.0). Three scenarios were explored: nondifferential misclassification, differential misclassification (misclassifications dependent on an unmeasured risk factor doubling the outcome risk), and nondifferential misclassification in a comparative effectiveness study (RRA and RRB both 2.0 compared to nonuse, RRA‐B 1.0).ResultsFor the scenarios with nondifferential misclassification, 25% nonadherence or 25% uncaptured exposure changed the RR from 2.0 to 1.75, and 1.95, respectively. Applying different proportions of nonadherence or uncaptured use (20% vs. 40%) for subgroups with and without the risk factor, an RR of 0.95 was observed in the absence of a true effect (i.e., true RR = 1). In the comparative effectiveness study, no effect on RR was seen for different proportions of uncaptured exposure; however, different levels of nonadherence for the drugs (20% vs. 40%) led to an underestimation of RRA‐B (0.89).DiscussionAll scenarios led to biased estimates, but the magnitude of the bias differed across scenarios. When testing the robustness of findings of pharmacoepidemiologic studies, we recommend using realistic values of nonadherence and uncaptured exposure based on real‐world data.
A continuous process for manufacturing proton‐exchange membranes featuring z‐direction‐aligned, proton‐conducting particles or polymers*
Authors: Pitia Emmanuel , Batra Saurabh , Cakmak Mukerrem , Shaw Montgomery , Weiss R. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThrough‐plane alignment (z‐alignment) of a dispersed, proton‐conductive phase in composite and polymer blend proton‐exchange membranes was demonstrated using laboratory‐scale equipment and a commercial‐scale roll‐to‐roll platform that allowed casting the membrane in the presence of a z‐oriented electric field. The composite membranes were composed of cross‐linked sulfonated polystyrene (XLPSS) nanoparticles dispersed in either PS or a commercial photocurable polyurethane resin (NAO65). The blends were mixtures of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), SPEEK, with PS. When the membranes were cast in the presence of a z‐oriented electric field, the proton conductivity for SPEEK/PS blends increased by ∼10%–50%, and the proton conductivity for the z‐aligned XLPSS particles in NAO65 increased by up to four orders of magnitude.
Applying an ecosocial framework to address racial disparities in suicide risk among black youth
Authors: Cohen Daniel R. , Lindsey Michael A. , Lochman John E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuicide in Black youth is a major public health crisis. Given that racism is a core aspect of the lived experience of Black students in educational settings, efforts to reduce racial disparities in suicide risk must identify and address sources of racism in school contexts and facilitate culturally relevant coping strategies. This article highlights patterns associated with the emergence of risk in Black children and adolescents, applies the Ecosocial Theory of Disease Distribution to conceptualize a strategic approach to reducing racial disparities in suicide, and integrates empirical literature on the relations between racism and suicidality. Extant research findings are applied to conceptualize strategies specifically oriented towards reducing the incidence of suicidal behaviors in Black youth through treatment utilization and engagement strategies for school mental health services, the application of culturally relevant factors within school‐based prevention and treatment programs, culturally relevant risk assessment, and universal prevention using antiracist practices in schools.
Temperature Sensitivity Coefficients of RDX‐Based Propellants and Their Mixed Charges
Authors: Fu You , Zhu Yao , Liu Zhitao , Xu Bin , Shen Jinpeng , Wang Yingbo , Liao Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow temperature sensitivity coefficients of gun propellants are of great significance for improving the stability of weapon performances. In this work, RDX‐NC‐NG‐DEGDN propellants (R‐MNEGP) were prepared to reduce the temperature sensitivity coefficient of mixed charges. The temperature sensitivity coefficients of R‐MNEGP, NC‐NG‐DEGDN propellants (MNEGP) and their mixed charges were studied by closed vessel tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and ballistic firing experiments. The results show that the increased burning surface of R‐MNEGP compensates the decrease in the burning rate of the propellant when the initial temperature is decreased compared with MNEGP. The temperature sensitivity coefficient of R‐MNEGP is lower than that of MNEGP, and the temperature sensitivity coefficients of the mixed charges (R‐MNEGP and MNEGP) are between these two temperature sensitivity coefficients in the range of −40 °C–20 °C and 20 °C–50 °C. Compared with MNEGP, the velocity temperature sensitivity coefficients of the mixed charges with 6 wt % and 10 wt % R‐MNEGP decreased by 34.86 % and 70.67 %, and the pressure temperature sensitivity coefficients of these decreased by 42.99 % and 100.90 % with increasing temperature from −40 °C to 15 °C. And the velocity temperature sensitivity coefficients had no significant change, and the pressure temperature sensitivity coefficients decreased by 2.58 % and 77.98 % in the range of 15 °C–50 °C. This study offers an attractive strategy for tuning the temperature sensitivity coefficient by mixing charges of R‐MNEGP and MNEGP with different temperature sensitivity coefficients.
The regulation of DNA supercoiling across evolution
Authors: Duprey Alexandre , Groisman Eduardo A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDNA supercoiling controls a variety of cellular processes, including transcription, recombination, chromosome replication, and segregation, across all domains of life. As a physical property, DNA supercoiling alters the double helix structure by under‐ or over‐winding it. Intriguingly, the evolution of DNA supercoiling reveals both similarities and differences in its properties and regulation across the three domains of life. Whereas all organisms exhibit local, constrained DNA supercoiling, only bacteria and archaea exhibit unconstrained global supercoiling. DNA supercoiling emerges naturally from certain cellular processes and can also be changed by enzymes called topoisomerases. While structurally and mechanistically distinct, topoisomerases that dissipate excessive supercoils exist in all domains of life. By contrast, topoisomerases that introduce positive or negative supercoils exist only in bacteria and archaea. The abundance of topoisomerases is also transcriptionally and post‐transcriptionally regulated in domain‐specific ways. Nucleoid‐associated proteins, metabolites, and physicochemical factors influence DNA supercoiling by acting on the DNA itself or by impacting the activity of topoisomerases. Overall, the unique strategies that organisms have evolved to regulate DNA supercoiling hold significant therapeutic potential, such as bactericidal agents that target bacteria‐specific processes or anticancer drugs that hinder abnormal DNA replication by acting on eukaryotic topoisomerases specialized in this process. The investigation of DNA supercoiling therefore reveals general principles, conserved mechanisms, and kingdom‐specific variations relevant to a wide range of biological questions.
Microplastic Removal and Degradation by Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive Magnetic/Enzymatic Microrobots
Authors: Zhou Huaijuan , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUbiquitous pollution by microplastics is causing significant deleterious effects on marine life and human health through the food chain and has become a big challenge for the global ecosystem. It is of great urgency to find a cost‐efficient and biocompatible material to remove microplastics from the environment. Mimicking basic characteristics of the adhesive chemistry practiced by marine mussels, adhesive polydopamine (PDA)@Fe3O4 magnetic microrobots (MagRobots) are prepared by coating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a polymeric layer of dopamine via one‐step self‐polymerization. In addition, lipase is loaded on the PDA@Fe3O4 MagRobots’ surface to perform microplastic enzymatic degradation. The synthesized MagRobots, which are externally triggered by transversal rotating magnetic field, have the capacity to clear away the targeted microplastics due to their strong sticky characteristics. With the adhesive PDA@Fe3O4 MagRobots on their surfaces, the microplastics can be navigated along an arbitrarily predefined path by a rotating field and removed using a directional magnetic field. Such adhesive MagRobots are envisioned to be used in swarms to remove microplastics from aqueous environments.
SnSe2/FeSe2 Nanocubes Capsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Realizing Stable Sodium‐Ion Storage at Ultrahigh Rate
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Kuai Yixi , Xu Zhixin , Cao Yongjie , Wang Nan , Hirano Shin‐ichi , Nuli Yanna , Wang Jiulin , Yang Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetal selenides have attracted increasing attention recently as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of their large capacities, high electric conductivity, as well as environmental benignity. However, the application of metal selenides is hindered by the huge volume variation, which causes electrode structure devastation and the consequent degrading cycling stability and rate capability. To overcome the aforementioned obstacles, herein, SnSe2/FeSe2 nanocubes capsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon (SFS@NC) are fabricated via a facile co‐precipitation method, followed by poly‐dopamine wrapping and one‐step selenization/carbonization procedure. The most remarkable feature of SFS@NC is the ultra‐stability under high current density while delivering a large capacity. The synergistic effect of dual selenide components and core‐shell architecture mitigates the volume effect, alleviates the agglomeration of nanoparticles, and further improves the electric conductivity. The as‐prepared SFS@NC nanocubes present a high capacity of 408.1 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 6 A g−1, corresponding to an 85.3% retention, and can achieve a capacity of 345.0 mAh g−1 at an extremely high current density of 20 A g−1. The outstanding performance of SFS@NC may provide a hint to future material structure design strategy, and promote further developments and applications of SIBs.