bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Supporting Boundary Conditions on the Generation Characteristics of the Piezoelectric Cylindrical Shell Wind Energy Harvesting Flag
Authors: Oda Chisuzu , Nishigaki Tsutomu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the authors’ previous report, a new piezoelectric cylindrical shell wind power generation flag had been proposed as a flexible and durable power generation structure that utilizes vortex excitation vibrations. Preliminary experiments showed that it was expected to generate more than 10 times more power than the conventional planar-shaped wind power generation flag. In the present flag, the cylindrical Bluff Body, which excites vortices, also plays the role of a vibrating structure, and the wind speed region where these vibrations are excited is greatly affected by the boundary conditions corresponded to the different supporting methods. However, the authors have previously reported on the relationship between vibration and wind speed during power generation with the cylindrical shell which was assumed to be freely supported. In this study, the relationship between the wind speed range, the excited vibration mode, and the amount of power generated by the different boundary conditions are investigated experimentally. It was implied from the experimental results that superior supporting condition of the present cylindrical shell energy harvester for wind power generation characteristics will depend on the radius of the cylinder. Further study will be needed to establish the design method of the proposed wind energy harvesting method.
Polychromatic polarization: Boosting the capabilities of the good old petrographic microscope
Authors: Cesare Bernardo , Campomenosi Nicola , Shribak Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Polychromatic polarizing microscopy (PPM) is a new optical technique that allows for the inspection of materials with low birefringence, which produces retardance between 1 nm and 300 nm. In this region, where minerals display interference colors in the near-black to gray scale and where observations by conventional microscopy are limited or hampered, PPM produces a full spectrum color palette in which the hue depends on orientation of the slow axis. We applied PPM to ordinary 30 µm rock thin sections, with particular interest in the subtle birefringence of garnet due both to non-isotropic growth or to strain induced by external stresses or inclusions. The PPM produces striking, colorful images that highlight various types of microstructures that are virtually undetectable by conventional polarizing microscopy. PPM opens new avenues for microstructural analysis of geological materials. The direct detection and imaging of microstructures will provide a fast, non-destructive, and inexpensive alternative (or complement) to time-consuming and more costly scanning electron microscope–based analyses such as electron backscatter diffraction. This powerful imaging method provides a quick and better texturally constrained basis for locating targets for cutting-edge applications such as focused ion beam-transmission electron microscopy or atom probe tomography.
Artificial intelligence as a diagnostic aid in cross-sectional radiological imaging of the abdominopelvic cavity: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Fowler George E , Macefield Rhiannon C , Hardacre Conor , Callaway Mark P , Smart Neil J , Blencowe Natalie S 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies as a diagnostic aid in healthcare is increasing. Benefits include applications to improve health systems, such as rapid and accurate interpretation of medical images. This may improve the performance of diagnostic, prognostic and management decisions. While a large amount of work has been undertaken discussing the role of AI little is understood regarding the performance of such applications in the clinical setting. This systematic review aims to critically appraise the diagnostic performance of AI algorithms to identify disease from cross-sectional radiological images of the abdominopelvic cavity, to identify current limitations and inform future research.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be conducted on Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant studies. Primary studies where AI-based technologies have been used as a diagnostic aid in cross-sectional radiological images of the abdominopelvic cavity will be included. Diagnostic accuracy of AI models, including reported sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve will be examined and compared with standard practice. Risk of bias of included studies will be assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Findings will be reported according to the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required as primary data will not be collected. The results will inform further research studies in this field. Findings will be disseminated at relevant conferences, on social media and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021237249.
Introduction of an enhanced recovery programme for total shoulder arthroplasty: report of a novel pathway
Authors: Morgan Marie L , Davies-Jones Gareth R , Ibrahim Edward F , Booker Simon J , Bateman Marcus , Tambe Amol A , Clark David I 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundEnhanced recovery (ER) programmes are well established in hip and knee arthroplasty, but are not yet commonplace for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). This study analyses the effect of implementing an ER programme with TSA, on length of stay (LOS), functional outcome and patient satisfaction.Local problemNo established programme applying ER to the specifics of upper-limb arthroplasty existed at our unit.MethodsA three-cycle plan–do–study–act quality improvement methodology was applied, involving development of our multifactorial programme, a pilot phase and wider roll-out. A consecutive series of patients who underwent TSA and were enrolled in an ER programme were compared with a matched control group of consecutive patients who underwent TSA in the year before the programme started. For all patients, LOS as well as mean Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and Constant Score (CS) were quantified and patient satisfaction assessed.InterventionsA dedicated multidisciplinary team led preoperative class involving patient education, advice and occupational therapy assessment. A standardised perioperative anaesthetic regime based on regional anaesthetic techniques with preoperative analgesic and nutritional loading was introduced. Postoperative rehabilitation was also standardised with slings for comfort only and early safe-zone mobilisation. New patient information was developed.Results71 patients were included in matched cohorts. Mean LOS was reduced from 2.4 nights to 1.9 nights. The single night stay rate improved from 40% to 49%. Across the ER cohort, 15 less nights were required to complete same volume of surgeries as in the non-ER cohort.Parity in OSS and CS measured at 3 and 12 months after surgery were observed in both cohorts.Satisfaction was already high before ER but scores stayed the same or improved across all areas surveyed.Absolute complication rates of 9.9% in the non-ER group and 7% in the ER group were recorded.ConclusionOur ER programme benefited patients and the Trust by reducing time in hospital and improving patient satisfaction without an adverse effect on complication rate.
Management of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies: narrative review
Authors: Jolly Hannah , Freel E Marie , Isles Chris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hypertensive emergencies are distinguished from hypertensive urgencies by the presence of clinical or laboratory target organ damage. The most common forms of target organ damage in developed countries are pulmonary oedema/heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. In the absence of randomised trials, it is inevitable that guideline writers differ slightly regarding the speed and extent to which blood pressure should be lowered acutely. An appreciation of cerebral autoregulation is key and should underpin treatment decisions. Hypertensive emergencies, with the notable exception of uncomplicated malignant hypertension, require intravenous antihypertensive medication which is most safely given in high dependency or intensive care settings. Patients with hypertensive urgency are often treated with medications that lower their blood pressure acutely, although there is no evidence to support this practice. This article aims to review current guidelines and recommendations, and to provide user friendly management strategies for the general physician.
Cigarette taxation and price differentials in 195 countries during 2014–2018
Authors: Laverty Anthony A , Li Chaorui Raymond , Chang Kiara C-M , Millett Christopher , Filippidis Filippos T 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionRaising tobacco prices via increased taxation may be undermined by tobacco industry tactics to keep budget cigarettes on the market. Price differentials between budget and premium cigarettes allow smokers to trade down in the face of average price rises thus attenuating health benefits. This study examines global trends of price differentials and associations with taxation.MethodsEcological analysis of country-level panel data of 195 countries’ price differentials was performed and compared against total, specific excise, ad valorem and other taxation. Price differentials were expressed as the difference between budget cigarette and premium pack prices (as % of premium pack prices). Two-level linear regression models with repeated measurements (2014, 2016 and 2018) nested within each country assessed the association between country-level taxation structures and price differentials, adjusted for year, geographical region and income group.ResultsWorldwide, median price differential between budget and premium 20-cigarette packs was 49.4% (IQR 25.9%–70.0%) in 2014 and 44.4% (IQR 22.5%–69.4%) in 2018 with significant regional variation. The largest price differentials in 2018 were in Africa, with the lowest in Europe. Total taxation was negatively associated with price differentials (−1.5%, 95% CI −2.5% to −0.4% per +10% total taxation) as was specific excise taxation (−2.5%, 95% CI −3.7% to −1.2% per +10% specific excise tax). We found no statistically significant association between ad valorem taxation and price differentials.ConclusionTotal levels of taxation and specific excise taxes were associated with smaller price differentials. Implementing high specific excise taxes may reduce price differentials and improve health outcomes.
Strange quark mass dependence of strange quark star properties
Authors: Li Bo-Lin , Yan Yan , Ping Jia-Lun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effects of strange quark mass on masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities of strange quark stars are studied via the quasiparticle model that includes the non-perturbative features of QCD in low density region. The constraints of $$M_{\mathrm {TOV}} > 2.0 M_{\odot }$$

M
TOV

>
2.0

M
⊙

and $$\Lambda _{1.4} < 800$$

Λ

1.4

<
800

are used to choose the EOSs with different strange quark masses. We find that in low density region the EOSs with larger strange quark mass are stiffer, while in high density region they are softer. A larger strange quark mass gives a smaller mass and radius for a strange quark star, and a larger minimum of radii and tidal deformabilities for $$1.4 M_{\odot }$$

1.4

M
⊙

strange quark stars. A larger strange quark mass also gives a larger lower bound of combined tidal deformability $$\tilde{\Lambda }_{LB}$$

Λ
~

LB

.
Wave zone in the Hořava–Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point in the low energy regime
Authors: Mestra-Páez J. , Peña J. M. , Restuccia A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe show that in the Hořava–Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point, in the low energy regime, a wave zone for asymptotically flat fields can be consistently defined. In it, the physical degrees of freedom, the transverse traceless tensorial modes, satisfy a linear wave equation. The Newtonian contributions, among which there are terms which manifestly break the relativistic invariance, are non-trivial but do not obstruct the free propagation (radiation) of the physical degrees of freedom. For an appropriate value of the couplings of the theory, the wave equation becomes the relativistic one in agreement with the propagation of the gravitational radiation in the wave zone of General Relativity. Previously to the wave zone analysis, and in general grounds, we obtain the physical Hamiltonian of the Hořava–Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point in the constrained submanifold. We determine the canonical physical degrees of freedom in a particular coordinate system. They are well defined functions of the transverse-traceless modes of the metric and coincide with them in the wave zone and also at linearized level.
Electron ionization of clusters containing the formamide molecule
Authors: Suarez-Moreno Harvey-Andres , Eckermann Lauren , Zappa Fabio , Arthur-Baidoo Eugene , Ptasińska Sylwia , Denifl Stephan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies on electron interactions with formamide (FA) clusters promote scientific interest as a model system to understand phenomena relevant to astrophysical, prebiotic, and radiobiological processes. In this work, mass spectrometric detection of cationic species for both small bare and microhydrated formamide clusters was performed at an electron ionization of 70 eV. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the cluster spectra with the literature-reported gas-phase spectra is presented and discussed, revealing different reaction channels affected by the cluster environment. This study is essential in developing our understanding of both low-energy electron phenomena in clusters that can bridge the complexity gap between gas and realistic systems and the effect of hydration on electron-induced processes.
Hunt for rare processes and long-lived particles at FCC-ee
Authors: Chrzaszcz Marcin , Suarez Rebeca Gonzalez , Monteil Stéphane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this essay, we discuss the possibilities and associated challenges concerning beyond the Standard Model searches at FCC-ee, such as rare decays of heavy-flavoured particles and long-lived particles. The Standard Model contains several suppression mechanisms, which cause a given group of processes to happen rarely, resulting in rare decays. The interest in these decays lies in the fact that the physics beyond the Standard Model does not need to be affected by the same suppression mechanism and therefore can naturally manifest in these decays. Their interest is reinforced by the recent report of several measurements of b-flavoured rare decays, showing deviations with respect to the Standard Model predictions. We will show how the FCC-ee project has unique capabilities to address these scientific questions and will consider the related detector design challenges to meet. Another group of processes discussed are those that produce new particles with relatively long lifetimes that travel substantial distances inside the detectors before decaying. Models containing long-lived particles can give answers to many open questions of the Standard Model, such as the nature of dark matter, or the neutrino masses, among others, while providing an interesting experimental complement to mainstream searches. Long-lived particles often display unique experimental signatures, such as displaced tracks and vertices, “disappearing” tracks, or anomalously charged jets. Due to this, they are affected by very low background levels but in exchange, they often require dedicated reconstruction algorithms and triggers. The discovery of any of the discussed cases would have a critical impact in High Energy Physics, and FCC-ee could provide a unique experimental opportunity to explore them. Moreover, the searches proposed here could motivate an out-of-the-box optimization of the experimental conditions that could bring in innovative solutions, such as new, possibly very large tracking detectors; or cutting-edge reconstruction algorithms that would boost the FCC-ee reach for unusual final states.
Comparison of Clinically Adjudicated Versus Flow-Based Adjudication of Revascularization Events in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Rutao , Kawashima Hideyuki , Hara Hironori , Gao Chao , Ono Masafumi , Takahashi Kuniaki , Tu Shengxian , Soliman Osama , Garg Scot , van Geuns Robert Jan , Tao Ling , Wijns William , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
In clinical trials, the optimal method of adjudicating revascularization events as clinically or nonclinically indicated (CI) is to use an independent Clinical Events Committee (CEC). However, the Academic Research Consortium-2 currently recommends using physiological assessment. The level of agreement between these methods of adjudication remains unknown.

Methods:
Data for all CEC adjudicated revascularization events among the 3457 patients followed-up for 2-years in the TALENT trial, and 3-years in the DESSOLVE III, PIONEER, and SYNTAX II trial were collected and readjudicated according to a quantitative flow ratio (QFR) analysis of the revascularized vessels, by an independent core lab blinded to the results of the conventional CEC adjudication. The κ statistic was used to assess the level of agreement between the 2 methods.

Results:
In total, 351 CEC-adjudicated repeat revascularization events occurred, with retrospective QFR analysis successfully performed in 212 (60.4%). According to QFR analysis, 104 events (QFR ≤0.80) were adjudicated as CI revascularizations and 108 (QFR >0.80) were not. The agreement between CEC and QFR based adjudication was just fair (κ=0.335). Between the 2 methods of adjudication, there was a disagreement of 26.4% and 7.1% in CI and non-CI revascularization, respectively. Overall, the concordance and discordance rates were 66.5% and 33.5%, respectively.

Conclusions:
In this event-level analysis, QFR based adjudication had a relatively low agreement with CEC adjudication with respect to whether revascularization events were CI or not. CEC adjudication appears to overestimate CI revascularization as compared with QFR adjudication. Direct comparison between these 2 strategies in terms of revascularization adjudication is warranted in future trials.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: TALENT trial: NCT02870140, DESSOLVE III trial: NCT02385279, SYNTAX II: NCT02015832, and PIONEER trial: NCT02236975.
Secondary Precipitants of Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Ko Darae , Saleeba Connor , Sadiq Hammad , Crawford Sybil , Paul Tenes , Shi Qiming , Wang Ziyue , Benjamin Emelia J. , Walkey Allan J. , Lubitz Steven A. , Kapoor Alok , McManus David 
Published: October 2021

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly occurs in the setting of acute conditions. We aimed to identify the acute conditions associated with secondary AF (AF precipitants) including pneumonia/sepsis, pneumothorax, respiratory failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, alcohol intoxication, thyrotoxicosis, cardiothoracic surgery, other surgery in patients with newly diagnosed AF and determine their association with subsequent oral anticoagulant use.

Methods and Results

We assembled a cohort of patients in the UMass Memorial Healthcare system with a new diagnosis of AF with and without AF precipitants. We used combinations of
International Classification of Diseases
,
Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) codes, Current Procedural Terminology codes, laboratory values, imaging reports, and physician notes including discharge summary texts to identify AF precipitants. We then manually reviewed the individual charts to validate presence of AF precipitants. The study sample consisted of 185 patients with and 172 patients without AF precipitants. Pneumonia/sepsis, myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, and cardiothoracic surgery were the most common precipitants identified. In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex, patient comorbidities, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular ejection fraction, and antiplatelet use, patients with AF precipitants were less likely to receive subsequent anticoagulation therapy at 30 days after the initial AF diagnosis (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19–0.52). The association was persistent after excluding men with CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score <2 and women with CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score <3.

Conclusions
Our study highlights lower usage of oral anticoagulant in secondary AF in contemporary clinical practice.
Empty Nose Syndrome Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kanjanawasee Dichapong , Campbell Raewyn G. , Rimmer Janet , Alvarado Raquel , Kanjanaumporn Jesada , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Kalish Larry , Harvey Richard J. , Sacks Raymond 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe pathophysiology of empty nose syndrome (ENS) remains unclear despite significant research. The pathophysiologic mechanism of ENS was systematically reviewed.Data SourcesMEDLINE and Embase.Review MethodsData were systematically reviewed for studies that provided original data on pathophysiology.ResultsA total of 2476 studies were screened, and 19 met the inclusion criteria: 13 case‐control and 6 cross‐sectional. Nine pathophysiologic themes were identified.

• Demographics: ENS symptoms had no relationship with climatic factors.
• Symptomatology: ENS patients demonstrated high symptom severity.
• Mental health: Anxiety and depression including hyperventilation were reported in >50% of ENS patients and correlated with ENS symptom severity.
• Anatomic features: Structural changes in response to turbinate surgery were similar between ENS and non‐ENS patients.
• Airflow analysis: Airflow parameters were similar between ENS and non‐ENS patients after turbinate surgery. On computational fluid dynamic analysis, differences were found on multiple outcomes.
• Diagnostic testing: The menthol detection test was impaired in ENS, and cotton placement in the airway improved ENS symptoms.
• Cognitive function: Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed activation in emotional processing area during breathing.
• Olfactory function: Subjective impairment was reported in ENS, but quantitative measures were similar to non‐ENS patients.
• Mucosal physiology/innate immunity: Turbinate histopathology in ENS showed a tissue‐remodeling pattern. Nasal nitric oxide level was lower in ENS patients.
ConclusionThere is evidence of high comorbid mental health disorders in ENS patients. An abnormal trigeminal‐thermoreceptor response may be present in some patients. The influence of altered airflow and the evidence of surgery as the cause for ENS are unclear.