bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and newborn health risks of climate change: A call for awareness and global action
Authors: Roos Nathalie , Kovats Sari , Hajat Shakoor , Filippi Veronique , Chersich Matthew , Luchters Stanley , Scorgie Fiona , Nakstad Britt , Stephansson Olof ,   CHAMNHA Consortium
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change represents one of the largest global health threats of the 21st century with immediate and long‐term consequences for the most vulnerable populations, especially in the poorest countries with the least capacity to adapt to climate change. Pregnant women and newborns are increasingly being recognized as vulnerable populations in the context of climate change. The effects can be direct or indirect through heat stress, extreme weather events and air pollution, potentially impacting both the immediate and long‐term health of pregnant women and newborns through a broad range of mechanisms. In 2008, the World Health Organization passed a resolution during the 61st World Health Assembly, recognizing the need for research to identify strategies and health‐system strengthening to mitigate the effects of climate change on health. Climate adaptation plans need to consider vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and neonates and a broad multisectoral approach to improve overall resilience of societies.
Dry eye disease is associated with retinal microvascular dysfunction and possible risk for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shokr Hala , Wolffsohn James S. , Trave Huarte Sonia , Scarpello Emily , Gherghel Doina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the presence of microvascular endothelial dysfunction as a measure for early cardiovascular disease in individuals diagnosed with dry eye disease (DED) as compared to age‐matched normal controls.MethodsSystemic blood pressure, Body Mass Index, intraocular pressure, blood levels of glucose (GLUC), triglycerides, cholesterol (CHOL), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)] as well as retinal and peripheral microvascular function were assessed in twenty‐five 35–50 year olds with diagnosed with DEDa (using the TFOS DEWS II criteria) and 25 age and sex‐matched controls.ResultsAfter controlling all the influential covariates, individuals diagnosed with DED exhibited significant lower retinal artery baseline (p = 0.027), artery maximum diameter (p = 0.027), minimum constriction (p = 0.039) and dilation amplitude (p = 0.029) than controls. In addition, the time to reach the vein maximum diameter was significantly longer in the DED patients than in normal controls (p = 0.0052). Only in individuals diagnosed with DED, artery maximum constriction correlated statistically significantly and positively with HDL‐C blood levels (p = 0.006). Similarly, artery slopeAD correlated positively with T‐CHOL and LDL‐C (p = 0.006 & 0.011 respectively). Additionally, artery baseline diameter and maximum constriction were significantly and negatively correlated to T‐CHOL/HDL‐C ratio (p = 0.032 and p = 0.013 respectively) in DED individuals only.ConclusionsIndividuals with positive diagnosis of DED exhibit abnormal retinal microvascular function and possible higher risk for CVD.
Comparison of efficacy and early surgery‐related complications between one‐quadrant and two‐quadrant microhook ab interno trabeculotomy: a propensity score matched study
Authors: Mori Sotaro , Murai Yusuke , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Kurimoto Takuji , Yamada‐Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeWe compared the 1‐year outcomes and early surgery‐related complications between 1‐quadrant and 2‐quadrant microhook ab interno trabeculotomy (TLO).MethodsMedical chart extraction was performed on 47 consecutive patients with 1‐quadrant incision and 37 consecutive patients with 2‐quadrant incision of trabecular meshwork. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the propensity score to create a 1:1 match for a comparative analysis of 1‐year postoperative success. Success was defined as postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) between 5–21 mmHg, >20% IOP reduction from baseline, and no additional glaucoma surgery. Outcome‐related covariates were age, glaucoma type, mean deviation of visual field tests, preoperative IOP, the number of preoperative glaucoma eye drops and the presence of combined cataract surgery. Thirty eyes from each group were compared.ResultsThe median preoperative IOP was not different between the 1‐quadrant and 2‐quadrant groups (28.5 mmHg, quartile range 23–33.5 versus 27 mmHg, 23.3–30.0, p = 0.47). There was no difference in median postoperative IOP at 1 year (15 mmHg versus 16 mmHg, p = 0.80). The success rate was 73% in the 1‐quadrant group versus 70% in the 2‐quadrant group (p = 1.00). The 2‐quadrant group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with transiently elevated IOP (47%) than the 1‐quadrant (17%; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.02). There was no difference of hyphema formation (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.18).ConclusionThe 1‐year success rate was not significantly different between 1‐ and 2‐quadrant incisions of microhook TLO. However, the 2‐quadrant TLO showed significantly higher proportion of post‐surgical transient IOP elevation.
Delayed diagnoses of Acanthamoeba keratitis at a tertiary care medical centre
Authors: Shah Yesha S. , Stroh Inna G. , Zafar Sidra , Zhang Nancy , Sriparna Manjari , Shekhawat Nakul , Ghos Zara , Srikumaran Divya , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence and reasons for delays in diagnosis in patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) presenting to Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.MethodsThis retrospective study analysed all patients with culture‐positive AK seen between 2012 and 2019 at a tertiary referral centre. Patient demographic information, clinical history, risk factors, symptom duration, referral patterns, slit lamp examination findings, visual acuity and need for surgery were collected.ResultsThe study included 45 eyes of 43 patients. On average, patients were symptomatic for 52.6 days before culture collection. Thirty‐one percent of patients were diagnosed within 28 days of symptom onset while 69% were diagnosed after 28 days. Before presentation to a tertiary care centre, 69% of patients were evaluated by an ophthalmologist outside of this institution and 27% were evaluated by a provider other than an ophthalmologist. AK was most commonly misdiagnosed as herpetic keratitis, occurring in 38% of patients. The strongest risk factor for AK was contact lens use. Only 11% of patients presented with the classic ring infiltrate and 82% had pain. Patients with an early versus late diagnosis had a mean Snellen visual acuity (VA) of 20/224 versus 20/296 at presentation (p = 0.33) and a mean Snellen VA of 20/91 versus 20/240 at final visit (p = 0.07). 11% of patients required a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty.ConclusionDelayed diagnosis of AK in our cohort occurred due to a misdiagnosis as herpetic keratitis, non‐specific clinical signs including the lack of pain in a number of patients, and a delay in referral to a tertiary care centre. Any contact lens wearer with an atypical keratitis should be referred promptly for Acanthamoeba cultures.
Genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with Usher syndrome and pathogenic variants in MYO7A: implications for future clinical trials
Authors: Galbis‐Martínez Lilián , Blanco‐Kelly Fiona , García‐García Gema , Ávila‐Fernández Almudena , Jaijo Teresa , Fuster‐García Carla , Perea‐Romero Irene , Zurita‐Muñoz Olga , Jimenez‐Rolando Belén , Carreño Ester , García‐Sandoval Blanca , Millán José M. , Ayuso Carmen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to establish correlations between the clinical features of a cohort of Usher syndrome (USH) patients with pathogenic variants in MYO7A, type of pathogenic variant, and location on the protein domain.MethodsSixty‐two USH patients from 46 families with biallelic variants in MYO7A were examined for visual and audiological features. Participants were evaluated based on self‐reported ophthalmological history and ophthalmological investigations (computerized visual field testing, best‐corrected visual acuity, and ophthalmoscopic and electrophysiological examination). Optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging were performed when possible. Auditory and vestibular functions were evaluated. Patients were classified according to the type of variant and the protein domain where the variants were located.ResultsMost patients displayed a typical USH1 phenotype, that is, prelingual severe‐profound sensorineural hearing loss, prepubertal retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vestibular dysfunction. No statistically significant differences were observed for the variables analysed except for the onset of hearing loss due to the existence of two USH2 cases, defined as postlingual sensorineural hearing loss, postpubertal onset of RP, and absence of vestibular dysfunction, and one atypical case of USH.ConclusionWe were unable to find a correlation between genotype and phenotype for MYO7A. However, our findings could prove useful for the assessment of efficacy in clinical trials, since the type of MYO7A variant does not seem to change the onset, severity or course of visual disease.
Primary and secondary superior rectus recessions to correct vertical deviations in Graves’ orbitopathy patients
Authors: Eckstein Anja , Oeverhaus Michael , Dekowski Dirk , Stöhr Mareile , Merckel‐Timmer Elly , Saeed Peerooz , Jellema Hinke‐Marijke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposePatients with vertical strabismus and consecutive diplopia due to Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) might need recession of the rectus superior muscle. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to provide dose–effect values and motility analysis for these patients.MethodsDose–effect relations (deviation reduction in primary position per amount of recession in mm), monocular excursions and size of the field of binocular single vision (BSV) were evaluated in three different groups of patients. Group 1 (n = 33) patients with primary fibrosis of superior rectus muscle undergoing recession of the ipsilateral rectus superior, Group 2 (n = 14) superior rectus muscle recession after recession of inferior rectus on the contralateral eye and Group 3 (n = 15) simultaneous ipsilateral superior rectus recession and contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession. Surgery was performed using the dose–effect for inferior rectus recession of 4 prism dioptre (PD,Δ) reduction/per mm recession and the intraoperative traction test.ResultsRestoration of BSV in the central 20° of gaze could be reached in 88%, 79% and 67% of patients in the three groups, respectively. Restoration of BSV in downgaze (up to 30°) was a little less successful, 79%, 57% and 53%, respectively. The median dose–effect was 3.2Δ reduction/mm recession in Group 1 (Spearman correlation r = 0.75, p < 0.0001) and 3.3Δ/mm in Group 2 (n.s.) and 4Δ/mm in Group 3 (r = 0.67, p = 0.016). The basis for the improvement was the symmetrization of ductions.ConclusionIf superior rectus recession is necessary in GO, higher dosing around 3Δ reduction/per mm recession should be applied. In case of large deviations, combined vertical surgery (inferior rectus and superior rectus contralateral) is required and reasonable (low cyclotorsion). Single‐step or two‐step procedures lead to similar results.
Diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer using image enhancement and autofluorescence imaging systems
Authors: Matsui Ryota , Inaki Noriyuki , Tsuji Toshikatsu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe indication of laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced cases such as serosal invasion or peritoneal dissemination is still controversial. We report the clinical experiences of laparoscopic diagnosis with image enhancement and autofluorescence (AF) systems for laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery.MethodsThe image enhancement system was introduced to 164 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery as the AF group. The control group was defined as 165 cases who underwent bright light observation without the image enhancement system. The operative findings were recorded during surgery. All image findings were retrospectively compared with the pathological findings. Furthermore, the relationship between the image and pathological findings for peritoneal dissemination and subserosal invasion was evaluated.ResultsThis study included 329 patients, divided into the control group of 165 patients (50.2%) and the AF group of 164 patients (49.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in patient background between the two groups. In seven cases of peritoneal dissemination, AF was positive, and macroscopic abnormal vascularization was detected. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 99.4%, 87.5%, and 100%, respectively. In 29 cases of serosal invasion, AF was positive, and macroscopic abnormal vascularization was detected. In the detection accuracy of subserosal invasion, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 75.7%, 97.6%, 90.3%, and 93.2%, respectively.ConclusionThe image enhancement with the AF system is useful for the laparoscopic intraoperative diagnosis of serosal invasion and peritoneal dissemination for advanced gastric cancer.
Explaining identity formation in Asia
Authors: Liu Amy H. , Selway Joel Sawat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhat explains why some identities in a country become politically salient while others do not? This Special Issue crafts a research design to address two core assumptions in the literature on identity formation in select Asian countries. The first is that the area where ethnic groups reside is exogenously demarcated. Yet, the boundaries to any region are inherently political—for example, they can be endogenous to the same processes that drive identity formation. To address this, we take a novel approach by delineating regions exogenously by their cardinal directions in the country (e.g., north), and then, comparing among those regions to see which identities become salient and why. The second assumption is that there is always an alternative cleavage along which ethnic groups can coordinate. Yet, which cleavages are available and how ethnicity maps onto other cleavages (e.g., cross‐cutting) affects political identity. The articles in this Special Issue address this assumption by articulating and mapping a more complete set of cleavages. In doing so, the authors present a novel array of theories explaining the various stages along which identities fall, from absent to stunted, or from slow onset to fully solidified.
The telemedical imperative
Authors: Parsons Jordan A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTechnology presents a means of improving health outcomes for vast numbers of individuals. It has historically been deployed to streamline healthcare delivery and reach those who would previously have faced obstacles to accessing services. It has also enabled improved health education and management. Telemedicine can be employed in everything from primary care consultations to the monitoring of chronic diseases. Despite recommendation by the World Health Organization, countries have been slow to embrace such technology in the health sector. Nonetheless, it is expected to become more prevalent with increased digitization. Further, amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a rush to implement forms of telemedicine where possible to prevent patients breaking social distancing rules. In this paper, I present and defend what I term the ‘telemedical imperative’. The telemedical imperative represents a duty for healthcare systems to implement remote access to services where possible, thereby furthering the mission of equity in access to healthcare. It is intended as an addition to in‐person services rather than a replacement. After highlighting the benefits of telemedicine, I provide four criteria that must be met for the telemedical imperative to arise. The first three—safety, effectiveness, and acceptability—are consistent and essential. The fourth adapts to the service in question and requires that there be no other obstacles specific to that service that cannot reasonably be overcome. Finally, I address several potential objections to the telemedical imperative based on more general concerns around the implementation of telemedicine.
Perinatal depression in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Atif Maria , Halaki Mark , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Chow Chin‐Moi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of perinatal depression in Pakistan.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Global health, up through May 31, 2019. Studies reporting on the prevalence of perinatal depression in Pakistan with or without associated risks factors were included.ResultsForty‐three studies reporting data from 17 544 women met the eligibility criteria and were included. Overall, the pooled prevalence of antenatal depression was 37% (95% CI: 30‐44), while that of postnatal depression was 30% (95% CI: 25‐36). The prevalence of perinatal depression in women residing in urban areas and those living in rural settings was not significantly different. The most frequently reported risk factors for antenatal depression were intimate partner violence and poor relationship with spouse, and that reported for postnatal depression was low‐income level. An unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with perinatal depression in Pakistan.ConclusionsWe identified variability in prevalence rate of perinatal depression in Pakistan. It is difficult to gauge the true magnitude of this problem potentially due to differing risk factors between the antenatal and postnatal periods and the lack of uniformity of data collection protocols and procedures. The high prevalence rates of 30%‐37% compared to global estimates suggest policy makers and stakeholders should direct additional resources toward improving perinatal mental health in Pakistan.
Perinatal outcomes of planned home birth after cesarean and planned hospital vaginal birth after cesarean at term gestation in British Columbia, Canada: A retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bayrampour Hamideh , Lisonkova Sarka , Tamana Sukhpreet , Wines Jane , Vedam Saraswathi , Janssen Patricia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective population‐based cohort study was to determine whether the mode of delivery and maternal and neonatal outcomes differ between planned home VBAC (HBAC) and planned hospital VBAC.MethodsAll midwifery clients with at least one prior cesarean birth delivered between April 2000 and March 2017 (N = 4741; n = 4180 planned hospital VBAC, n = 561 planned HBAC) were included. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratios adjusted for the potential covariates. The primary outcome was the mode of delivery, and the secondary outcomes were uterine rupture/dehiscence, postpartum hemorrhage, nonintact perineum, episiotomy, obstetric trauma, Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, neonatal resuscitation requiring positive pressure ventilation, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and a composite outcome of severe neonatal mortality and morbidity and maternal mortality and morbidity.ResultsPlanned HBAC was associated with a significant 39% decrease in the odds of having a cesarean birth (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47‐0.79) adjusting for the prepregnancy and pregnancy characteristics. Severe adverse outcomes were relatively rare in both settings; thus, our study did not have sufficient power to detect the true differences associated with the place of birth.ConclusionsHome births for those eligible for VBACs and attended by registered midwives within an integrated health system were associated with higher vaginal birth rates compared with planned hospital VBACs. Severe adverse outcomes were relatively rare in both settings.
Building an emotion regulation recommender algorithm for socially anxious individuals using contextual bandits
Authors: Beltzer Miranda L. , Ameko Mawulolo K. , Daniel Katharine E. , Daros Alexander R. , Boukhechba Mehdi , Barnes Laura E. , Teachman Bethany A. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesPoor emotion regulation (ER) has been implicated in many mental illnesses, including social anxiety disorder. To work towards a scalable, low‐cost intervention for improving ER, we developed a novel contextual recommender algorithm for ER strategies.DesignN = 114 socially anxious participants were prompted via a mobile app up to six times daily for five weeks to report their emotional state, use of 19 different ER strategies (or no strategy), physical location, and social context. Information from passive sensors was also collected.MethodsGiven the large number of ER strategies, we used two different approaches for variable reduction: (1) grouping ER strategies into categories based on a prior meta‐analysis, and (2) considering only the ten most frequently used strategies. For each approach, an algorithm that recommends strategies based on one’s current context was compared with an algorithm that recommends ER strategies randomly, an algorithm that always recommends cognitive reappraisal, and the person’s observed ER strategy use. Contextual bandits were used to predict the effectiveness of the strategies recommended by each policy.ResultsWhen strategies were grouped into categories, the contextual algorithm was not the best performing policy. However, when the top ten strategies were considered individually, the contextual algorithm outperformed all other policies.ConclusionsGrouping strategies into categories may obscure differences in their contextual effectiveness. Further, using strategies tailored to context is more effective than using cognitive reappraisal indiscriminately across all contexts. Future directions include deploying the contextual recommender algorithm as part of a just‐in‐time intervention to assess real‐world efficacy.Practitioner points

Emotion regulation strategies vary in their effectiveness across different contexts.

An algorithm that recommends emotion regulation strategies based on a person’s current context may one day be used as an adjunct to treatment to help dysregulated individuals optimize their in‐the‐moment emotion regulation.

Recommending flexible use of emotion regulation strategies across different contexts may be more effective than recommending cognitive reappraisal indiscriminately across all contexts.