bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of comorbidities and their treatment in patients with active tuberculosis
Authors: Manolasya Venkat , Katyarmal D. T. , Babu T. Muni Suneel , Prasad T. Sreeja , Preethi T. , Priyanka B. , Robin G. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Patients diagnosed to have active tuberculosis (TB) may have co-existing comorbid conditions. Treatment for both conditions may lead to possible drug-related problems. Hence, the present study was designed to understand the incidence and pattern of drug-related problems. This knowledge gives a scope to minimise the occurrence and help patients to adhere to treatment.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. A pre-designed data collection form was used for this study that was used to document clinical data including brief history, laboratory investigations, treatment details and drug-drug interactions (DIs).

Results:
One hundred and five TB patients were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 43.7 ± 16.8 years. Sixty patients were found to have comorbidities. One hundred and fifty-eight drug-related problems between comorbidities' treatment regimens and ATT were documented. DIs were the most common drug-related problems. Seventy-nine major DIs and 74 moderate DIs were documented. Nine patients had adverse drug reactions which were ATT-induced hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia and anaemia.

Conclusions:
Co-existence of comorbidities and their treatment resulted in a significant burden on patients who are diagnosed positive for TB. This can lead to treatment delay or failure or default. Strategies and programmes to tackle the burden of comorbid conditions on TB-positive patients are to be developed and implemented aggressively.
Human Blood Meals in Sylvatic Triatomines Challenges Domestic-Centered Strategies for Prevention of Trypanosoma cruzi Transmission in Ecuador
Authors: Ocana-Mayorga Sofia , Bustillos Juan J. , Villacís Anita G. , Moncayo Ana L. , Yumiseva Cesar A. , Brenière Simone F. , Grijalva Mario J. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Transmission risk of Chagas disease has been associated with human-vector contacts and triatomines colonizing dwellings, but alternative scenarios, independent of domestic colonization, are poorly documented. In the present work, we estimated the frequency of human blood meals in triatomines from domicile, peridomicile, and sylvatic environments in two endemic regions in Ecuador. Blood meal origins were identified by sequencing a cytb gene fragment. Human blood meals were detected in 42% of the triatomines among 416 analyzed, including 48% of sylvatic triatomines (both adults and nymphs). In triatomines from domicile and peridomicile, Trypanosoma cruzi infection rate was > 20%, and reached 48% in sylvatic triatomines. Human is a common source of blood for triatomines whether they live in or near dwellings in both regions, and the high rate of T. cruzi infection represents an important risk of transmission of Chagas disease. Consequently, control strategies should also take into account possible nondomestic transmission.
Spectroscopic, thermal analyses, XRD spectra and nematicidal activity study of some new N2O2 tetradentate Schiff base metal ions complexes
Authors: S. El-attar M. , A. Sadeek S. , F. El-Farargy A. , S. Abd  El-Lattif N. , M. Abd El-Hamid S. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. A series of metal complexes [Co(HL)2(H2O)2]Cl2.5H2O (A), [Cu(HL)2](CH3COO)2.2H2O (B), [Y(HL)2]Cl3.2H2O (C), [ZrO(HL)2H2O]Cl2.H2O (D), [La(HL)2(H2O)2]Cl3.5H2O (E) and [UO2(HL)2](CH3COO)2 (F) were prepared. The structures of the compounds in solid state were detected by micro analytical, Fourier transform IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, mass, X-ray diffraction spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements and TG/DTG analysis. The IR spectral data point out that the ligand behaves as tridentate in nature with Cu(II), Y(III), U(VI) and bidentate with Co(II), Zr(IV) and La(III) metal ions. The conductivity values showed that the complexes found as electrolytes and the XRD models of the complexes indicated crystalline nature. The thermodynamic parameters of compounds have been detected using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzeger methods at n = 1 and n ≠ 1 and values point out more ordered activated complex formation. The nematicidal efficacy of compounds was assessed.

KEY WORDS: Schiff base, Spectroscopic analysis, Thermal analysis, XRD, Nematicidal

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 381-397.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.12
Schiff bases derived from 4-amino-N-substituted benzenesulfonamide: synthesis, spectral characterisation and MIC evaluation
Authors: Valarmathy G. , Subbalakshmi R. , Sabarika B. , Nisha C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT. The present study is aimed to synthesise Schiff bases from sulfathiazole/ sulfamethoxazole/ sulfadimidine with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The synthesized Schiff bases were characterized by analytical data, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-Vis spectra, mass spectra and screened for antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhiand antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Mucor by disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition indicated that the Schiff base possessed highly potent antimicrobial activity when compared to sulpha drugs.

KEY WORDS: 4-Amino-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, antimicrobial activity

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 435-448.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.16
Representações gráficas para uma visão conjunta de lean construction e linha de balanço
Authors: Gomes Maria Micheline Barreto , Oliveira Marisonia Benevides Pinheiro de , Heineck Luiz Fernando Mählmann 
Published: October 2021

O processo de planejamento e controle da produção exerce um papel fundamental nas empresas, à medida que o mesmo tem um forte impacto no desempenho da função produção. Diversas técnicas de planejamento e controle de projetos são utilizadas, sendo a Linha de Balanço a mais indicada para projetos com serviços repetitivos, uma vez que utiliza conceitos de fluxo de produção, repetição de ciclos e estabelece a coordenação entre esses fluxos de produção. Dessa forma, esse estudo teve por objetivo uma exploração gráfica sobre os conceitos da Lean Construction e sua ligação com a Linha de Balanço. Para isso realizou-se um estudo teórico feito através de revisão de literatura sobre o assunto e um levantamento de gráficos que relacionam termos da Lean Construction com essa técnica de programação. Como resultado, obteve-se uma ampla apresentação gráfica sobre os ciclos e os fluxos na construção civil e como os mesmos ocorrem ao longo do tempo, além de verificar a semelhança desses com a Linha de Balanço. Conclui-se por meio destas representações, que os conceitos da Lean Construction e a da Linha de Balanço podem ser trabalhados em conjunto.
DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO AO CONHECIMENTO ESCOLAR:
Authors: Mafavisse Isaías Mutombo , Suda Vivalda Victorino 
Published: October 2021

No estudo analisam-se as práticas docentes no ensino da Geografia do 8o ano; no sentido de perceber o modo como um conceito científico é apropriado pela Geografia escolar. A pesquisa foi realizada com professores de Geografia do Ensino Secundário Geral. Para tal, optou-se pelo método fenomenológico. Para a coleta de dados recorreu-se a observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada - grupo focal. Foi pensando no contexto do ensino da Geografia em Moçambique que se trabalhou com a transposição didática do conceito atmosfera do 8o ano. No final do processo, os professores expuseram as suas práticas em sala de aula, o que contribuiu para uma melhor abordagem do conceito atmosfera no ensino da Geografia e ainda, se criaram possibilidades de aprendizagem para os alunos. Do estudo compreendeu-se que ensinar Geografia não é uma tarefa fácil para o professor, como também se pode dizer que não é para o aluno aprendê-la, compreendê-la, e aplicá-la, pois transpor didaticamente os conceitos criados pela ciência sem perder a sua essência é um exercício exigente. Portanto, a transposição didática pode contribuir no processo de ensino/aprendizagem centrado na formação de cidadãos críticos e conscientes da realidade que os rodeia.
Palavras-chave
Transposição didática, Conhecimento, Ensino-aprendizagem, Ensino de Geografia.

FROM SCIENTIFIC TO SCHOOL KNOWLEDGE: the approach of atmosphere in the teaching and learning process of Geography
Abstract
In this study, the teaching practices in the teaching of Geography in grade 8 are analyzed; aiming at perceiving the way a scientific concept is used by school Geography. The research was conducted with Geography teachers from General Secondary Education. Thus, the phenomenological method was chosen. For data collection, direct observation and semi-structured interviews were used - focus group. It was thinking in the context of Geography teaching in Mozambique that the didactic transposition of the concept of 'atmosphere' in grade 8 was focused on. At the end of the process, the teachers exposed their practices in the classroom, which contributed to a better approach to the concept of 'atmosphere' in the teaching of Geography and also, created learning possibilities for students. From this study, it was understood that teaching Geography is not an easy task for the teacher, in the same way it can also be said that it is not an easy task for the student to learn, understand, and apply it, as it transposes didactically the concepts created by science without losing its essence. Therefore, the didactic transposition can contribute to the teaching/learning process centered on the formation of critical citizens and aware of the reality that surrounds them.
Keywords
Didactic transposition, Knowledge, Teaching-learning, Geography teaching.
PENGARUH MEDIA “QUIZIZZ” DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA
Authors: Sukma Nurul , Lestari Pertiwi Indah , Nur Rizki Amalia 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Purpose sampling, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa dari kelas yaitu X MIPA 4 dan X MIPA 1. Pada pembelajaran materi perubahan lingkungan, satu kelas diajar dengan menggunakan media Quizizz terkhusus pada penutup pembelajaran, sedangkan kelas lainnya diberikan tugas dalam bentuk resume pada penutup pembelajarannya. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes pilihan ganda sebanyak 20 item yang telah divalidasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Shapiro-wilk untuk uji normalitas, dan univariate of variance untuk uji homogenitas. Selanjutnya untuk uji hipotesis menggunakan uji T Test, sedangkan untuk peningkatan hasil belajar menggunakan uji N-gain. Setalah dilakukan pengujian diperoleh perbandingan peningkatan hasil belajar lebih tinggi pada kelas eksperimen dibandingkan kelas kontrol sedangkan untuk uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung sebesar 4,399 > ttabel 1,697. Maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 3 Maros.
Pengalaman Pembelajaran Guru MIS Mathlail Khoir Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Noverizky Aan , Setiawati Yanti Hasbian 
Published: October 2021

This is article aims to find out what methods are taken by teacher in teaching children during the Covid Pandemic 19. The method used in the case study is trough interviews, by interviewing R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6. The results show that the learning method taken is DARING ( Method in the Network ) through social media which is widely used whatsapp by sending material through Audio, Visual, and Audio Visual. In particular the assessment taken not only from the values of assignments given by the teacher board, even the assessment of character can also be seen its development. Such as when taking daily tests students are prohibited from cheating both with books and mobile phones. Indirectly the role of parents also helped the council of teachers to assist the course of learning during the covid pandemic 19. In general the role of parents who appear is as a guide, educator, guardian, developer, and supervisor. Cooperation is needed between the two parties so that there are no misunderstanding in distance learning during the covid pandemic 19.
Keyword :
Jóvenes españoles 2002 y vocación
Authors: Elzo Imaz Javier 
Published: October 2021

Introducción
Capítulo 1°. Los jóvenes españoles de comienzos de milenio
Capítulo 2º. La dimensión religiosa de los jóvenes
Capítulo 3º. La situación de las vocaciones religiosas
Capítulo 4º. Imagen social y valoración de la función de los sacerdotes y religiosos
Capítulo 5°. La vocación religiosa en los jóvenes españoles
Capítulo 6º. El abandono de la eventual vocación religiosa
Capítulo 7º. Mirando. al futuro
Morphological variation of Libyan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)
Authors: Ali Ezzudin S. M. , Mustafa Hesaien M. , Blkasem Khansa.A.Omar 
Published: October 2021

Carob tree Ceratonia siliqua L., is an evergreen endemic species found naturally in El-Jabal El-Akhdar region which is located immediately south of the coastal belt in the northeastern region of Libya. Morphological characteristics have been the main descriptive tool to characterize a given collection or germplasm, or to identify and differentiate wild type populations. Eighteen carob population were collected from six different sites in El-Jabal El-Akhdar area. Seven characters on discriminative pods were measured: the length, width, thickness, number of seeds, weight of pulp, and yield as well as one character to seeds: the weight seeds. The present study showed that the choice of pod characters to assess Libyan carob diversity is a useful and powerful tool. The means and standard deviations of morphometric characters measured in Libyan carob showed highly significant differences among the studied populations for all the examined characteristics. Differences in morphometric traits of carob pods and seeds among Libyan carob populations are primarily caused by genetic factors. The pod size of Libyan carob is considered to be the medium size (10.89 – 17.55cm).
The Regenerative Effect of Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Fat Micro-Graft in Treatment of Chronic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mesfer Al Kahtani Mohammed , H. Al Yami Ali , Saleh Al Qahtani Sarah , Aouabdi Sihem 
Published: October 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent conditions resulting to disability particularly in elderly population About 13% of women and 10% of men aged 60 years and older have symptomatic knee OA. The proportions of people affected with symptomatic knee OA is likely to increase due to the aging of the population and the rate of obesity or overweight in the general population. There are multiple factors associated with this progressive disease such as obesity, female gender, and repetitive trauma. Pain is the most common symptom in knee OA, a leading cause of chronic disability, clinical diagnosis will be supported by certain radiological findings. There are numerous conservative therapies that help to relive symptoms depend on severity of Osteoarthritis, and knee replacement remains standard of care in advance disease. Fat Micrografting is evolving technique with promising result in selected patients with regenerative and reparative effect of adipocyte-derived stem cell toward damaged cartilage and bone, which supported by clinical evidence.
Laser‐Induced Graphene on Paper toward Efficient Fabrication of Flexible, Planar Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Pinheiro Tomás , Silvestre Sara , Coelho João , Marques Ana C. , Martins Rodrigo , Sales M. Goreti F. , Fortunato Elvira 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLaser irradiation to induce networks of graphene‐based structures toward cost‐effective, flexible device fabrication is a highly pursued area, with applications in various polymeric substrates. This work reports the application of this approach toward commonly available, eco‐friendly, low‐cost substrates, namely, chromatographic and office papers. Through an appropriate chemical treatment with sodium tetraborate as a fire‐retardant agent, photothermal conversion to porous laser‐induced graphene (LIG) on paper is achieved. Raman peaks are identified, with I2D/IG and ID/IG peak ratios of 0.616 ± 0.095 and 1.281 ± 0.173, showing the formation of multilayered graphenic material, exhibiting sheet resistances as low as 56.0 Ω sq–1. Coplanar, LIG‐based, three‐electrode systems (working, counter and reference electrodes) are produced and characterized, showing high current Faradaic oxidation and reduction peaks, translating in high electrochemical active area, doubling the geometric area. Good electron transfer kinetics performed exclusively with on‐chip measurements are reached, with k0 values as high as 7.15 × 10–4 cm s–1. Proof‐of‐concept, amperometric, enzymatic glucose biosensors are developed, exhibiting good analytical performance in physiologically relevant glucose levels, with results pointing to the applicability of paper‐based LIG toward efficient, disposable electrochemical sensor development, increasing their sustainability and accessibility, while simplifying their production and reducing their cost.
Characterizing expansiveness and iron reducibility of red‐clay soils for the purpose of on‐site wastewater system placement in Arkansas
Authors: Darnell Bailey , Brye Kristofor R. , West Larry T. , Wood Lisa S. , Miller David M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lack of iron‐reducing capability in some red soils poses an issue for determining the suitability for on‐site wastewater treatment systems (OSWWTS). The Arkansas Department of Health allows for placement of OSWWTS in certain red‐clay soils that have the potential for iron reduction and do not show expansiveness upon wetting, but only in the Ozark Highlands (Major Land Resource Area [MLRA] 116A), which is referred to as the red‐soil exception. The objectives of this study were (a) to confirm the nonexpansiveness and iron reducibility of select soils in the Ozark Highlands that meet the criteria for the red‐soil exception, and (b) to compare the expansiveness and iron reducibility of the residual or colluvial red‐clay soils of the Ozark Highlands with those in four other MLRA region groupings in Arkansas. Fresh and archived soils were used to create a 51‐sample dataset from the 38‐ to 50‐cm soil depth interval for analyses. The alluvial soils of the Red and Arkansas River valleys had a mean coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) of 0.116 mm mm–1, whereas the residual or colluvial soils from the other MLRA regions evaluated had lower (P < .01) COLE values. Soils from the Red and Arkansas Rivers region changed red color (∆A) the least (∆A of −8.6 in the LAB color scheme; P < .01) compared with soils from the other regions. Results of this study indicate that the red‐soil exception, as used by the Arkansas Department of Health for determining OSWWTS suitability, could be expanded to include soils from several additional MLRAs with additional, site‐specific information.
Tool use behavior in three wild bonobo communities at Kokolopori
Authors: Samuni Liran , Lemieux David , Lamb Alicia , Galdino Daiane , Surbeck Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComparative studies on tool technologies in extant primates, especially in our closest living relatives, offer a window into the evolutionary foundations of tool use in hominins. Whereas chimpanzee tool technology is well studied across populations, the scarcity of described tool technology in wild populations of our other closest living relative, the bonobo, is a mystery. Here we provide a first report of the tool use repertoire of the Kokolopori bonobos and describe in detail the use of leaf‐umbrellas during rainfall, with the aim to improve our knowledge of bonobo tool use capacity in the wild. The tool use repertoire of the Kokolopori bonobos was most similar to that of the nearby population of Wamba and comprised eight behaviors, none in a foraging context. Further, over a 6‐month period we documented 44 instances of leaf‐umbrella use by 22 individuals from three communities, suggesting that this behavior is habitual. Most leaf‐umbrella tool users were adult females, and we observed a nonadult using a leaf‐umbrella on only a single occasion. While the study and theory of tool technologies is often based on the use of tools in foraging tasks, tool use in bonobos typically occurs in nonforaging contexts across populations. Therefore, incorporating both foraging and nonforaging contexts into our theoretical framework is essential if we wish to advance our understanding of the evolutionary trajectories of tool technology in humans.
Recent Advances in Small Molecule‐Based Intracellular pH Probes
Authors: Hande Pankaj E. , Shelke Yogesh G. , Datta Anindya , Gharpure Santosh J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntracellular pH plays an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Small‐molecule based pH probes are found to be the most effective for pH sensing because of ease of preparation, high sensitivity, and quick response. They have many advantages such as small perturbation to the functions of the target, functional adaptability, cellular component‐specific localization, etc. The present review highlights the flurry of recent activity in the development of such probes. The probes are categorized based on the type of fluorophore used like quinoline, coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, indolium, naphthalimide, etc., and their analytical performance is discussed.
Impact of extensive negative pressure wound therapy on neonatal respiration: A case report
Authors: Osawa Ichiro , Tsuboi Norihiko , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Nishimura Nao , Nakagawa Satoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn extensive topical negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) from the abdominal to chest walls in neonates may decrease the compliance of the chest wall. Therefore, it is important to monitor respiratory function carefully during the procedure.
Heparinized swine models for better surgical/endoscopic training
Authors: Kubo Yuto , Yamashita Kotaro , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro , Nakajima Kiyokazu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionAnimal experiments with large living animals are essential for the development of medical devices and the training of surgical procedures. Swine are frequently used in animal experiments due to their similar size and anatomy compared to humans. However, it is well known that swine has less local bleeding than humans. The aim of the study was to verify whether animal models with appropriate local bleeding capability could be established.MethodsThe activated clotting time (ACT) was measured for eight swine (piglet, 35 kg) under general anesthesia. The flexible endoscope was advanced orally, and the gastric mucosa was intentionally traumatized to bleed by biopsy forceps, and the time until spontaneous hemostasis was obtained (mucosal bleeding time). Then, heparin (50 U/kg) was administered intravenously. After 10 min, the ACT was remeasured, and the gastric mucosa was again damaged to bleed by biopsy forceps. The mucosal bleeding time was remeasured. The above measurements were repeated until the ACT exceeded 200 s.ResultsThe median ACT values (seconds) were 83 (no heparin), 155 (50 U/kg heparin), and 204 (100 U/kg heparin), which were significantly increased. The median mucosal bleeding times (seconds) were 152 (no heparin), 283 (50 U/kg), and 423 (100 U/kg), which were significantly extended.ConclusionA bleeding animal model for surgical and endoscopic training was successfully established by bolus heparin administration.