bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing distal and proximal radial access for percutaneous coronary intervention and angiography: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mahmoud Mostafa Adel T. , Hamam Nada G. , Ghanm Thoria I. Essa , Khaled Ahmed , Osman Ahmed S. A. , Beddor Ahmad , Elhaddad Islam Mohsen , Ibrahim Afnan Ismail 
Published: December 2024

Background
Distal radial access (DRA) through the anatomical snuff-box is a novel technique for coronary procedures. Emerging evidence suggests that DRA is associated with a lower risk of certain complications compared to proximal radial access (PRA).

Methods
A systematic review was conducted to compare clinical and procedural outcomes between both access sites for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus to identify relevant randomized controlled trials.

Results
We included 23 randomized controlled trials enrolling 10 062 patients (DRA group: 5042; PRA group: 5020) in this review. DRA was associated with a lower risk for radial artery occlusion (RAO) at the longest reported follow-up [risk ratio (RR): 0.30, P < 0.00001], in-hospital RAO (RR: 0.28, P < 0.00001), any bleeding (RR: 0.40, P = 0.04), hand clumsiness (RR: 0.05, P < 0.00001), and shorter time to hemostasis [mean difference (MD): −40.93, P < 0.00001]. However, DRA showed a higher access failure rate (RR = 2.64, P < 0.00001), longer access time (MD = 0.77, P < 0.00001), more puncture attempts (MD: 0.60, P < 0.0001), and greater access-related pain [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.23, P = 0.02]. Both approaches were comparable in terms of major adverse cardiac events (RR = 0.74, P = 0.60), and hand function (SMD = −0.05, P = 0.68).

Conclusion
DRA is a safe alternative to PRA for coronary procedures, with a lower risk of complications, including RAO. However, it is limited by access-related challenges.
Persistent high intraocular pressure after cataract combined with vitrectomy: a case report
Authors: Gao Xianxin , Zhao Rong , Wang Guohua , Liu Xiaonian 
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:
When pars plana vitrectomy combined with cataract extraction, postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is a common complication, especially in cases of incorporated eye trauma.

Case presentation:
A 51-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after sustaining a basketball injury to his right eye, experiencing a persistent dark shadow in his vision for 1 month. An eye examination revealed a visual acuity of 50/100, improving to 80/100 with −1.25DS correction in the right eye, and 100/100 in the left eye. IOP was measured at 25.0 mmHg in the right eye and 15.3 mmHg in the left. The cornea was clear, and the right anterior chamber appeared normal, but aqueous humor flash (++), along with an increase in anterior chamber cells (++). The right pupil was irregularly shaped with a diameter of about 5 mm and had an impaired pupillary light reflex. Lens opacity was noted as C2N2. The vitreous body contained significant blood turbidity, with numerous small dark red hemorrhages at the posterior pole. The patient underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, vitrectomy, gas-liquid exchange, and retinal laser photocoagulation in the right eye. Post-operatively, the patient experienced elevated IOP, which was managed through multiple anterior chamber fluid punctures to control the pressure before discharge.

Clinical discussion:
It is not uncommon for patients with persistent high IOP after cataract combined with vitrectomy. The patient reported in this case was unwilling to undergo further anti-glaucoma surgery. After multiple anterior chamber punctures and drainage, the IOP was finally controlled. There are not many reports in the literature on such patients.

Conclusion:
To investigate the causes of elevated IOP following blunt ocular trauma and vitrectomy, and to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Use of Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Treatment and Prevention of Cognitive Adverse Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Dylewski Angela , Holder Amanda C. , Brown Jamie N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treating depression, schizophrenia, and mania, cognitive adverse effects may limit use. One possible mechanism for these effects includes cholinergic transmission alterations, supporting potential use of cholinesterase inhibitors for prevention and treatment of these cognitive deficits. The objective of this review is to determine efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors clinically used for dementia in reducing ECT cognitive adverse effects. PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched in August 2024 for randomized controlled trials using terms and keywords related to cholinesterase inhibitors (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine) and ECT (electroconvulsive therapy, electroconvulsive, electroshock therapy, or ECT). A total of 8 randomized controlled trials were reviewed with mean patient ages ranging from 28.6 to 59.33 years and most common diagnoses including depressive disorders, schizophrenia/psychosis, and bipolar disorder. Six of the 8 trials showed benefits of using cholinesterase inhibitors in patients undergoing ECT. Significant improvements were found in immediate memory after ECT and recovery of personal memory, repetition, alertness, orientation, and impersonal memory compared with placebo. Trials varied in cognitive assessment scales, length of therapy, dosing strategy, ECT schedule, and ECT type/parameters. Cholinesterase inhibitors may be effective for reducing cognitive adverse effects of ECT and appear safe and well tolerated. The most commonly studied medication was donepezil 5 mg daily started shortly before and continued throughout ECT. Additional studies are needed to clarify optimal dosing, titration, duration of therapy, and the role of treatment for older adults, preexisting cognitive impairment, and neurologic comorbidities.
Microthrombi-growth in ADAMTS13 deficiency exacerbated ulcerative colitis via mucosal and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Tatsuta Kyota , Honkura Naoki , Morooka Nanami , Sakata Mayu , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Sugimoto Ken , Kokame Koichi , Takeuchi Hiroya , Urano Tetsumei , Suzuki Yuko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by mucosal inflammation and ulceration, with systemic immune dysregulation exacerbating disease progression. While the accumulation of von Willebrand factor (VWF), normally digested by a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13 (ADAMTS13) from ultra-large multimers to small molecules, has been implicated in UC pathogenesis, the association between aberrant microthrombus formation and colitis remains unclear.MethodsPlasma and inflamed colonic tissues from UC patients were analyzed. In the experimental colitis model, we employed an intravital imaging technique to reveal real-time structural dynamics of the mucus layer and the mucosal vasculature. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in wild-type and ADAMTS13-deficient mice was evaluated for disease progression, mucus layer disruption, leukocyte recruitment, and thrombus formation in mucosal vessels using intravital multiphoton excitation microscopy within single-cell spatial resolution.ResultsUC patients exhibited significantly reduced plasma ADAMTS13 activity correlating with disease severity and excessive VWF deposition in inflamed colonic tissues. In DSS-induced colitis mice, ADAMTS13 deficiency showed heightened disease activity and increased mucosal erosion in histochemical analysis compared to wild-type mice. A novel methodology established in this study using intravital microscopy successfully appraised colonic mucus barrier integrity by visualizing fluorescent dextran penetration from the colonic lumen to the crypts. ADAMTS13 deficiency accelerated mucus layer disruption, leukocyte adhesion, and microthrombi formation, particularly close to crypt epithelium regions. Vessel-specific analyses demonstrated that obstructive microthrombi were most prominent in the mucosal layer, contributing to local ischemia and mucosal erosion. Therapeutical usage of recombinant human ADAMTS13 alleviated microthrombus formation, improved mucosal integrity, and mitigated colitis severity in wild-type and ADAMTS13-deficient mice.ConclusionsObstructive thrombi formed in mucosal vessels due to impaired ADAMTS13 activity appeared essential in the disease progression of UC. Advanced intravital imaging provided novel insights into single-cell resolution UC pathogenesis.
The selfish yet forgetful brain: Stable cerebral oxygen metabolism during hypoglycemia but impaired memory consolidation
Authors: Bose Antonia , Haschka Stefanie J. , Koehler Johanna , Hesse Felix A. , Martin Santiago , Steinberg Lea , Iakoubov Roman , Riedl Valentin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe continuous supply of glucose and oxygen is essential for healthy brain function. Accordingly, the Selfish Brain Theory proposes that the human brain prioritizes its own energy demands, making it less vulnerable to fluctuations in systemic energy availability. Although studies have reported decreases in cerebral glucose metabolism, alternative energy sources other than glucose might be oxidized for ATP production. However, cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) has never been quantified across the human brain. In this study, we investigated the influence of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on CMRO2in healthy male participants. Additionally, we explored the prolonged effects of hypoglycemia on cognitive function following the restoration of euglycemia. We found that CMRO2remained stable under hypoglycemia, even at blood glucose levels below 49 mg/dL. Interestingly, we detected a significant increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) of up to 11%, particularly in regions involved in higher cognitive processing. Despite stable rates of oxygen metabolism, we identified a selective impairment in memory consolidation following hypoglycemia, even after normal glucose levels were restored, with no effects observed in memory encoding or attention. In favor of the Selfish Brain Theory, the stability in CMRO2suggests that the brain efficiently shifts to alternate energy pathways under hypoglycemia, potentially using astrocytic glycogen. Despite this metabolic flexibility, our results indicate that prior hypoglycemia imposes long-lasting effects on memory consolidation, possibly linked to glycogen depletion and impaired glutamate synthesis. In summary, our study suggests that clinical states of hypoglycemia pose a critical impact on patients’ brain health and functioning.
Aging disrupts spatiotemporal coordination in the cycling ovary
Authors: Lan Tammy C.T. , Fischer David S. , Kochersberger Alison , Raichur Ruth , Szady Sophia , Simeonova Radiana , Minagar Andrew , Tran Hien , Shalek Alex K. , Sabeti Pardis C. , Kumar Vipin , Marrero Giovanni , Barrera Irving , Mangiameli Sarah , Chen Fei , Garrison Jennifer L. , Chung Hattie 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThroughout the female reproductive lifespan, the ovary completes hundreds of cycles of follicle development, ovulation, and tissue regeneration1–3. These processes rely on the precise coordination of intricate multicellular interactions across time and space4. How aging disrupts these interactions, leading to the overall decline in reproductive and endocrine functions, remains understudied. To understand the multicellular dynamics that underlie ovarian function and their changes with age, here we use Slide-seq, a near-cellular spatial transcriptomics method, to profile 21 ovaries across reproductive cycles and chronological age, representing 601,831 near-cellular spots across 68 spatial transcriptomic profiles5,6. We develop a segmentation analysis to identify static snapshots of spatial niches that capture folliculogenesisin situ, allowing us to examine the multicellular dynamics of 345 oocytes, 653 follicles, and 234 corpora lutea. We find that aging disrupts both the spatial organization and temporal coordination of folliculogenesis before the cessation of cycling, leading to dysregulation of hormone production and signaling. These disruptions are marked by altered immune cell dynamics, inflammatory signaling, and global tissue disorganization that impair the cyclic remodeling required for ovarian function. Our findings reveal how multicellular niches orchestrate the reproductive and endocrine functions of the ovary and demonstrate how age-related breakdown of tissue organization across time and space precedes reproductive decline.
Investigating the Impacts of Sphingomyelinases on Extracellular Vesicle Cargo Sorting
Authors: Padilla Juan-Carlos A. , Barutcu Seda , Boulais Jonathan , Chen Yiran , Syed Easin , Kwon Eunjeong , Lécuyer Eric 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYExtracellular vesicles (EVs) form through regulated biogenesis processes involving sphingomyelinases (SMases), enzymes that metabolize sphingomyelin to produce ceramide—a lipid influencing membrane rigidity and essential for EV generation. This study explores the impact on EV protein and RNA cargoes resulting from inhibiting neutral SMase (NSM) and acid SMase (ASM) in human MCF7 cells. Our results revealed that NSM inhibition reduces EV nanoparticles and diminishes RNA and protein cargoes, including endosomal, spliceosomal, and translation-related proteins. Conversely, ASM inhibition increased RNA-binding proteins within and enhanced the expression of ribonucleoprotein complex-associated RNA in released EVs, including several snRNAs and 7SL RNA. Intriguingly, ASM-inhibited EVs enhanced the migration and translational activity of recipient MCF10A cells. These findings suggest an important role for SMase-dependent vesiculation in governing RNA and protein trafficking to the extracellular space, unveiling potential implications for cellular communication and function.
Estimating scale-dependent covariate responses using two-dimensional diffusion derived from the SPDE method
Authors: Lindmark Max , Anderson Sean C. , Thorson James T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to standardize spatially unbalanced data, project climate impacts, and identify habitat for conservation. SDMs typically estimate the impact of local environmental conditions by applying a pointwise basis expansion, thereby estimating a dome-shaped or non-parametric “environmental response function”. However, ecological responses integrate across local habitat conditions, such that the species density depends on habitat at the location of sampling but also at nearby locations.To address this, we extend methods from the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) method that is widely used in INLA, which approximates spatial correlations based on local diffusion over a finite-element mesh (FEM). We specifically introduce the sparse inverse-diffusion operator on a FEM, and apply this operator to covariates to efficiently calculate a spatially weighted average of local habitat that is then passed through pointwise basis-expansion to predict species densities. We show that this operator has several useful properties, i.e., conservation of mass, linear computational time with spatial resolution, and a uniform stationary distribution, where the latter ensures that estimated responses are invariant to linear (scale and offset) transformations of covariates.We test this covariate-diffusion method using a simulation experiment, and show that it can correctly recover a non-local environmental response while collapsing to a local (pointwise) response when warranted. We apply it to monitoring data for 25 bottom-associated fishes in the eastern Bering Sea and 20 bird species in the western United States. This application confirms that non-local responses in the eastern Bering Sea case study are parsimonious for 25 species-maturity combinations, while 20 collapse to the null method. Estimates suggest that some species-maturity combinations avoid proximity to the continental slope, beyond what is predicted by local bathymetry in isolation. By contrast, in only 2 of the 20 bird species is the diffused human population density covariate more parsimonious than the original covariate.The covariate-diffusion method introduced here constitutes a fast and efficient approach to modelling non-local covariate effects. This flexible method may be useful in cases when covariates influence nearby population densities, for instance due to movement of the sampled species or its important biological or physical drivers.
Purifying Selection Shapes the Dynamics of P-element Invasion inDrosophilaPopulations
Authors: Langmüller Anna M. , Haller Benjamin C. , Nolte Viola , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move within a host genome. Many new TE insertions have deleterious ebects on their host and are therefore removed by purifying selection. The genomic distribution of TEs thus reflects a balance between new insertions and purifying selection. However, the inference of purifying selection against deleterious TE insertions from the patterns observed in natural populations is challenged by the confounding ebects of demographic events, such as population bottlenecks and migration.ResultsWe used Experimental Evolution to study the role of purifying selection during the invasion of the P-element, a highly invasive TE, in replicatedDrosophila simulanspopulations under controlled laboratory conditions. Because the change in P-element copy number over time provides information about the transposition rate and the ebect of purifying selection, we repeatedly sequenced the experimental populations to study the P-element invasion dynamics. Based on these empirical data we used Gaussian Process surrogate models to infer parameter values characterizing the observed P-element invasion trajectory. We found that 73% of P-element copies are under purifying selection with a mean selection coebicient of -0.056, highlighting the central role of selection in shaping P-element invasion dynamics.ConclusionThis study underscores the power of Experimental Evolution as a tool for studying transposable element invasions, and highlights the pivotal role of purifying selection in regulating P-element dynamics.
Continuous Prediction of Mice Lever-Pressing Kinematic Parameters by Background Removed Single-photon Calcium Images
Authors: Li Mingkang , Wang Ruixue , Wan Guihua , Yang Yuqi , Zhang Shaomin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCalcium imaging has gained extensive application in neural decoding tasks because of its high precision in observing cortical neural activity. Nevertheless, the immense data volume and complexity of automated signal extraction algorithms in calcium imaging result in significant delays in extracting neuronal calcium fluorescence signals, greatly constraining the efficiency of neural decoding research and its applicability in real-time tasks. Although a few studies have successfully used partial neuronal signals from calcium imaging data for real-time neural decoding and brain-computer interface tasks, they fail to leverage the complete neuronal dataset from experiments, which limits their ability to decode continuous and complex movements. In response to this challenge, we introduce a neural decoding method based on background-removed single-photon calcium images. This approach extracts three-dimensional spatiotemporal representations of neuronal activity via background removal and employs a decoder combining 3D-ResNet and RNN networks to enable continuous and rapid decoding of mouse lever-pressing kinematic parameters. Compared with traditional methods for neural decoding using single-photon calcium imaging, this approach offers higher accuracy and faster speed. Combined with real-time motion correction algorithms, the proposed neural decoding approach meets real-time decoding requirements at a 20Hz acquisition frame rate, achieving single decoding in just 21.8ms. This advancement significantly improves the efficiency of single-photon calcium imaging-based neural decoding, offering solutions for its application in real-time tasks, such as optical brain-computer interfaces.
A population-level analysis of armed conflict and diphtheria at the subnational level in the WHO African Region 2017-2024
Authors: O’Sullivan Tierney , Keegan Lindsay T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiphtheria has been re-emerging around the world at alarming rates, raising concerns about emergency preparedness when global supplies of life-saving diphtheria antitoxin are insufficient. Outbreaks have occurred in areas with suboptimal coverage of the three-dose diphtheria tetanus and pertussis (DTP3) vaccine and regions experiencing conflict, but systematic studies assessing the association between these variables and the risk of diphtheria emergence are limited. This population-level study aimed to investigate the relationship between fatalities from armed conflict events, childhood DTP3 vaccination coverage, and the presence of reported diphtheria cases in countries in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) African region from 2017-2024.MethodsThe analysis was conducted at the subnational geographic scale of administrative level 1 (ADM1) (N countries=35, N ADM1 regions=541) from March 2017 to March 2024. We first used a univariate logistic regression model to establish a crude relationship between the ADM1 diphtheria status from 2017-2024 and the population-adjusted cumulative conflict-related fatalities from 2013-2024. We then fit three competing generalized logistic models with random effects accounting for weekly repeated measures at the ADM1 and country levels to estimate the relationship between time-varying rates of conflict-related fatalities and diphtheria status, adjusting for diphtheria vaccine coverage estimates.ResultsResults from the crude model indicate that higher ten-year cumulative rates of conflict-related fatalities are associated with a higher risk of reported diphtheria cases (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17-1.68). The results from the best-fitting repeated measures model indicate that higher rates of log-transformed conflict-related fatalities are associated with a 17.6-fold increase in diphtheria risk (OR = 17.6, 95% CI: 13.99-22.08), though risk varied widely by state and country. The best-fit model also associated lower estimates of diphtheria risk in areas with high (>80%) and low (<50%) vaccine coverage, though this is possibly due to underreporting of the true burden of disease in low-resource settings.ConclusionsThis exploratory analysis indicates that a history of fatalities from armed conflict is a potentially helpful indicator of subnational diphtheria risk in countries in the WHO African region from 2017-2024. Further, it may be especially useful if estimates of population-level diphtheria immunity are limited.