bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography Radiographic Measurements and Curative Effect Estimate of Full Endoscopic Surgery in Thoracic Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum
Authors: He Jialin , Du Qian , Hu Wandong , Cai Menghan , Xin Zhijun , Liao Wenbo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, computed tomography (CT) radiographic measurements and common clinical scores were used to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous posterior full-endoscopic resection of an ossified thoracic ligamentum flavum. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 16 patients treated with posterior endoscopy from September 2017 to November 2019. Before the operation, 3 days after the operation and 1 year after the operation, the area of ossification in the ligamentum flavum was assessed by sagittal CT scans and transected to evaluate the decompression effect of posterior endoscopic surgery. The clinical efficacy of the surgery was evaluated at the above time points by using the visual analog scale for pain, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale, ODI and Macnab efficacy evaluation. Results: The area of sagittal ossification in the ligamentum flavum in 16 patients was 116.62±32.72 mm2 before the operation, 15.99±12.54 mm2 3 days after the operation, and 16.78±11.49 mm2 1 year later. The sagittal canal invasive proportions were 48.10±10.04% before the operation, 6.46±4.86% 3 days after the operation, and 6.83±4.48% 1 year later. The area of transected ossification in the ligamentum flavum was 141.59±27.25 mm2 before the operation, 11.72±8.64 mm2 3 days after the operation, and 10.82±7.57 1 year later. The transected spinal canal invasive proportions were 57.58±11.37%, 4.76±3.45% and 4.40±3.01%. The mJOA score were 3.50±1.10, 6.19±0.91 and 9.19±1.38, with a n average recovery rate of 73.96±16.58%. According to the Macnab evaluation, the recovery status of the 16 patients 1 year after the operation was excellent in 9 patients, good in 5 patients, and fair in 2 patients; the excellent and good rate was 87.50%. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Intraoperative dural tears occurred in 2 of 16 patients, but no complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, were observed. Conclusion：The measurements of ossification ligamentum flavum area and spinal canal invasive proportion can appropriately evaluate the degree of spinal canal stenosis in thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum. This method can be used together with other common clinical scores to better evaluate the efficacy of surgery.
Non-aliphatic Protic Ammonia for Post Healing of Formamidinium-containing Perovskite Films
Authors: Pang Shuping , Li Zhipeng , Wang Xiao , Wang Zaiwei , Shao Zhipeng , Hao Lianzheng , Du Xiaofan , Rao Yi , Chen Chen , Liu Dachang , Wang Li , Cui Guanglei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The solvents employed for perovskite materials not only play roles in dissolving the precursors but also participate in crystallization process. The high boiling point aprotic solvents with O-donor coordinating ligands have been extensively studied, but a highly uniform film still requires the participation of additives or an additional step to accelerate the nucle-ation rate. The volatile protic aliphatic amines with both coordinating ligands and hydrogen proton facilitate the pro-cessing of pure MAPbX3 perovskite films with higher crystallinity, fewer defects, and easier for large scale fabrication as well. However, their attempts in FA-containing perovskite is challenged heretofore. Here, the degradation mechanism of FA-containing perovskite in aliphatic amines environment has been revealed, and non-aliphatic ammonia was selected to avoid undesired side reactions. In particular, low temperature is proved to be crucial to enable FAPbI3 perovskite material absorb enough NH3 molecules to form a flowable intermediate state, which is the heart for defect healing. As a result, a rough FA-containing perovskite film was effectively healed to a highly uniform, compact one, toward an efficiency of 23.3% with excellent reproducibility. The manipulating of the interaction between perovskite and ammonia opens up a new di-rection for upscaling the fabrication of highly efficient FA-containing perovskite solar cells.
Intelligent Backpropagated Neural Networks for Numerical Computations for MHD Squeezing Fluid Suspended by Nanoparticles between Two Parallel Plates
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Farhat Imrana , Shah Zahir , Kumam Poom 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present research, artificial intelligence based backpropagated neural networks with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (BNN-LMA) are utilized to interpret the numerical computation for squeezing 2D magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow between two parallel plates. The non-linear system of ODEs represents the magneto-hydrodynamic, squeezing nanofluidic flow model (MHD-SNFM). A reference dataset for BNN-LMA is formulated by utilizing Adam numerical solver for different scenarios of MHD-SNFM by variation of squeezing number, Hartmann Number and heat source parameter. The validation, testing and training processes of BNN-LMA are exploited to analyze the approximate solution of MHD-SNFM for different scenarios and correctness of proposed BNN-LMA is verified by comparison of reference outcomes. The performance of BNN-LMA to solve the MHD-SNFM is validated through regression analysis, histogram studies and mean square error (MSE).
COVID-19 Pandemic in the Disguise of Multi System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case Series
Authors: Dashti Anahita Sanaei , Ebrahimi Kamyar , Shahriarirad Reza , Ghotbabadi Shabnam Hajiani , Aminnia Shiva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although nearly a year has passed since the emerge of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with it, a serious and novel pediatric condition called children's multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) has subsequently emerged. In order to achieve a better understanding and management of the disease, documentation and reporting of atypical cases is justified, particularly with the growing number of children with inflammatory syndrome with clinical features simulating MIS during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Based on similar reports from numerous countries with temporal relation to COVID-19 infection in the community, it is essential for general pediatricians to be on alert for such atypical presentations and early referral to tertiary care should be considered as appropriate. Here we four cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early diagnosis and treatment of patients meeting full or partial criteria for MIS are critical to preventing end-organ damage and other long-term complications, especially during times of public crisis and global health emergencies, such as the novel coronavirus pandemic.
Stroke Risk Factors, Subtypes and Outcome in Elderly Thai Patients
Authors: Samuthpongtorn Chatpol , Jereerat Tul , Suwanwela Nijasri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Nowadays, the number of elderly has steadily increased annually. Elderly patients with ischemic stroke often have worse outcomes than younger patients. However, there has not been a study of ischemic stroke in the elderly in Thailand. A better knowledge of the risk factors, subtypes, and outcomes of strokes in the elderly may have significant practical implications for the aged society in the future. The objective of the study was to assess the risk factor, stroke subtypes, and outcome of stroke in the elderly compared to the younger patients.Method: All patients presented with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) aged over 45 years who were admitted in the Stroke unit between November 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2017 were retrospectively studied.Result: 542 patients were included. The average age was 68.78±12.03, 44.8% of them were male. 186 (34.3%) patients were 75 or older. Cardioembolism was found to be the most common cause of ischemic stroke in 156 patients (28.8%). Patients who were 75 or older had significantly worse outcomes in all categories including NIHSS at discharge, modified Rankin scale, length of stay and the number of deaths) compared to the younger group. Atrial fibrillation was the risk factors associated with older age with OR 3.861 (p value<0.001). Aged 75 years or older, atrial fibrillation, more NIHSS score on admission and history of the previous stroke were the risk factors associated with a patient's death.Conclusion: The elderly who are 75 years or older accounts for more than one-third of ischemic stroke in our study. Stroke in the elderly correlates with higher mortality and poorer outcome. Cardioembolism related to atrial fibrillation is the major cause of stroke in this population.
Obesity Drives an Oral Microbiota Signature of Female Patients With Periodontitis.
Authors: Thomas Charlotte , Minty Matthieu , Canceill Thibault , Loubieres Pascale , Azalbert Vincent , Terce Francois , Champion Camille , Burcelin Rémy , Barthet Pierre , Laurencin-Dalicieux Sara , Blasco-Baque Vincent 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the link between oral microbiota and obesity in humans. We conducted a pilot study including 19 subjects with periodontitis divided into two groups: normo-weighted subjects (NWS) with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 25 (n=9) and obese subjects (OS) with a BMI >30 (n=10). The abundance of the Capnocytophaga genus, found in oral microbiota by taxonomic analysis, was higher (2.47% ± 3.02 vs 0.27% ± 0.29, p=0.04) in OS compared to NWS. Decayed teeth (2.25 ± 2.21 vs 0, p=0.04) were significantly increased in obese females (OF) compared to obese males (OM) associated with a dysbiotic oral microbiota (39.45 ± 3.74 vs 26.41 ± 11.21, p=0.03 for the Chao 1 index). OF were characterized by an increase in the Streptococcus genus (34.12% ± 14.29 vs 10.55% ± 10.42, p=0.05) compared to OM where the Neisseria genus was increased (5.75% ± 5.03 vs 58.05% ± 30.64, p=0.008). These first data suggest that the sex gender is determinant in the link between oral dysbiotic microbiota and obesity. Our study proposes an adaption of therapeutic strategies for obese patients with periodontitis following the sex gender.
Skilful prediction of cod stocks in the North and Barents Sea a decade in advance
Authors: Koul Vimal , Sguotti Camilla , Årthun Marius , Brune Sebastian , Düsterhus André , Bogstad Bjarte , Ottersen Geir , Baehr Johanna , Schrum Corinna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reliable information about the future state of the ocean and fish stocks is necessary for informed decision-making by fisheries scientists, managers and the industry. However, multiyear regional ocean climate and fish stock predictions have until now had low forecast skill. Here, we provide skillful forecasts of the biomass of cod stocks in the North and Barents Seas a decade in advance. We develop a unified dynamical-statistical prediction system wherein statistical models link future total stock biomass to dynamical predictions of sea surface temperature, while also considering different fishing mortalities. We evaluate non-linear effects of temperature and fishing on cod biomass, and provide evidence of climate-derived predictability in cod stocks. We forecast the continuation of unfavorable oceanic conditions for the North Sea cod for the coming decade which would inhibit its recovery at present fishing levels, and a decrease in Northeast Arctic cod stock compared to the recent high levels.
Improved Up-and-Down Procedure for Acute Toxicity Measurement With Reliable LD50 Verified by Typical Toxic Alkaloids and Modified Karber Method
Authors: Zhang Yan-Yu , Huang Yu-Feng , Liang Jie , Zhou Hua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Up-and-down procedure (UDP) was recommended to replace traditional acute toxicity methods. However, it was limited due to the long experimental period (20 - 42 days). To improve UDP, an improved UDP method (iUDP) was developed by shortening observation time between sequence dosages. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of iUDP to provide a reliable method for the acute toxicity measurement of valuable or minor amount compounds. Methods: Oral median lethal dosage (LD50) of nicotine, sinomenine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride were measured both by iUDP and modified Karber method (mKM). Results: LD50 of the three alkaloids measured by iUDP with 23 mice were 32.71 ± 7.46, 453.54 ± 104.59, 2954.93 ± 794.88 mg/kg, respectively. LD50 of the three alkaloids measured by mKM with 240 mice were 22.99 ± 3.01, 456.56 ± 53.38, 2825.53 ± 1212.92 mg/kg, respectively. The average time consumed by the two methods were 22 days and 14 days respectively. Total grams of the alkaloids used by the two methods were 0.0082 and 0.0673 (nicotine), 0.114 and 1.24 (sinomenine hydrochloride), 1.9 and 12.7 (berberine hydrochloride). Conclusion: iUDP could replace mKM to detect acute toxicity of substances with comparable and reliable result. And it was suitable for valuable or minor amount substances.
Methylene Blue Adsorption from aqueous solution by low cost vine-wood biomass
Authors: Souidi Rachida , khane yasmina , Belarbi Lahcen , Bousalem Smain 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, the sawdust of vine wood (VW) was treated with sulfuric acid and used to adsorb methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions via a batch adsorption process. The characteristics of the adsorbent were determined by various analytical techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms. The effects of various experimental parameters including sulfuric acid concentration, particle size of the adsorbent, pH of the solution, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature on adsorption of MB by activating sawdust were systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency was increased with contact time and adsorbent dosage. The maximum removal efficiency was found after 180 min of solid/liquid contact with adsorbent doses of 1 g/l for sawdust. The isotherm and kinetic experimental data for MB adsorption on VW sawdust were best-fitted by Langmuir models and Pseudo-second-order, respectively. The calculated values of the entropy (ΔS°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and Gibbs energy (ΔG°) indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic in nature. These results suggest that the activated sawdust can be employed as a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the treatment of wastewaters containing dyes.
Assessment of Inter-Institutional Post-Operative Hypoparathyroidism Status Using A Common Data Model
Authors: Lee Joon-Hyop , Kim Suhyun , Kim Kwangsoo , Chai Young Jun , Yu Hyeong Won , Kim Su-Jin , Choi June Young , Chung Yoo Seung , Lee Kyu Eun , Yi Ka Hee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism may result in various transient or permanent symptoms, ranging from tingling sensation to severe breathing difficulties. Its incidence varies among surgeons and institutions, making it difficult to determine its actual incidence and associated factors. This study attempted to estimate the incidence of post-operative hypoparathyroidism in patients at two tertiary institutions that share a common data model, the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics. Of the 4848 eligible patients at the two institutions who underwent thyroidectomy, 1370 (28.26%) experienced transient hypoparathyroidism and 251 (5.18%) experienced persistent hypoparathyroidism. Univariate logistic regression analysis predicted that, relative to total bilateral thyroidectomy, radical tumor resection was associated with a 48% greater likelihood of transient hypothyroidism and a 102% greater likelihood of persistent hypothyroidism. Moreover, multivariate logistic analysis found that radical tumor resection was associated with a 50% greater likelihood of transient hypothyroidism and a 97% greater likelihood of persistent hypothyroidism than total bilateral thyroidectomy. In addition to estimating the incidence of and risk factors for post-operative hypoparathyroidism at two institutions, these findings, by integrating and analyzing two databases, suggest that this analysis could be expanded to include other large databases that share the same Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics protocol.
Lockdown-associated Hunger May Be Affecting Breastfeeding: Findings From a Large SMS Survey in South Africa
Authors: Sayed Nazeeia , Burger Ronelle , Harper Abigail , Swart Elizabeth C (Rina) 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There are growing concerns on the impact of COVID-19 on food security and child health in South Africa. A rapid SMS Maternal and Child Health survey was conducted in South Africa in June (n=3140) with a follow up in July (n=2287). Breastfeeding practices found in this survey confirmed findings from other studies: with high breastfeeding initiation rates and early introduction of other foods/mixed milk feeding. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the associations between breastfeeding, maternal depression and hunger in the household. The odds of hungry mothers breastfeeding were significantly lower (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.99). The prevalence of depression in this survey sample was 26.95%, but there was no association between breastfeeding behaviour and depression scores (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.27). A positive correlation was found between not breastfeeding and not going to the health clinic. Breastfeeding needs to be protected, promoted and supported; and mothers should be encouraged to continue to attend the health clinic. Further to communication to communities, supporting the breastfeeding mother to enable her to breastfeed and feel competent to do so is a critical gap that needs to be addressed. This support could include economic support to enable her to access a nutritious diet. Mothers also need reassurance on the quality of their breastmilk and their ability to breastfeed. Aside from the nutritional superiority, the safety and immune benefits of breastmilk may need to be asserted to counter concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interaction between Early in Ovo Stimulation of the Gut Microbiota and Chicken Host – Splenic Changes in Gene Expression and Methylation
Authors: Dunislawska Aleksandra , Slawinska Anna , Gryzinska Magdalena , Siwek Maria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Epigenetic regulation of the gene expression results from interaction between the external environment and transcription of the genetic information encoded in DNA. Methylated CpG regions within the gene promoters lead to silencing of the gene expression. Factors contributing to epigenetic regulation include intestinal microbiota, which in chicken can be potently modified by in ovo stimulation. The main aim of this study was to determine global and specific methylation patterns for the spleen under the influence of host-microbiome interaction. Results: Incubating eggs were in ovo stimulated on day 12 of incubation in two chicken genotypes: Ross broilers and Green-legged Partridgelike. The injected compounds included: probiotic – Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, prebiotic – galactooligosaccharides, and synbiotic – combination of both. Chickens were sacrificed on day 42 post-hatching. Spleen was collected, RNA and DNA were isolated and intended to gene expression, gene methylation and global methylation analysis. We have proved that negative regulation of gene expression after administration of bioactive substances in ovo might have epigenetic character. Epigenetic changes depend on the genotype and the substance administered in ovo. Conclusion: Epigenetic nature of microbial reprogramming in poultry and extension of issues related to host-microbiome interaction is a new direction of this research.
ATP Signaling in the Integrative Neural Center of Aplysia Californica
Authors: Györi János , Kohn Andrea , Romanova Daria , Moroz Leonid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ATP and its ionotropic P2X receptors are components of the most ancient signaling systems. However, little is known about the distribution and function of purinergic transmission in invertebrates. Here, we cloned, expressed, and pharmacologically characterized P2X receptors in the sea slug Aplysia californica – the prominent neuroscience model. acP2X receptors were successfully expressed in Xenopus oocytes and were displayed activation by ATP with two-phased kinetics and Na+-dependence. Pharmacologically, they were quite different from other P2X receptors. The ATP analog, Bz-ATP, was a less effective agonist than ATP, and PPADS was a more potent inhibitor of the acP2X receptors than the suramin. acP2X were uniquely expressed within the cerebral F-cluster, which contains multiple secretory peptides (e.g., insulins, interleukins, and potential toxins), ecdysone-type receptors, and a district subset of ion channels. We view F-cluster as the multifunctional integrative center, remarkably different from other neurosecretory cells. acP2X receptors were also found in the chemosensory structures and the early cleavage stages. Therefore, in molluscs, rapid ATP-dependent signaling can be implicated both in development and diverse homeostatic functions. Furthermore, this study illuminates novel cellular and systemic features of P2X-type ligand-gated ion channels for deciphering evolution of neurotransmitters.
The Prediction Factors of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use among Bodybuilders: Application of Prototype Willingness Model
Authors: Manoochehri Zohreh , Barati Majid , Faradmal Javad , Manoochehri Sara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the types of doping commonly used by bodybuilders is androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS).The use of AAS in addition to violating sporting ethics, has serious consequences on physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to determining the most important factors of AAS use among bodybuilders using prototype willingness model (PWM).Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 280 male bodybuilders were selected using multistage sampling from the bodybuilding clubs in Hamadan city in 2016.A self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic information and constructs of the PWM was used to collect data and random forest model was used to analyses the gathered data.Results: behavioral willingness, Attitude, previous AAS use were the most important factors in determining the behavioral intention. Subjective norms, attitude, BMI and prototypes were the factors that have the greatest impact on predicting of behavioral willingness of AAS use. Also behavioral intention was more important rather than behavioral willingness for predicting of AAS use.Discussion: The results based on PWM and random forest showed that the reasoned action path has a greater impact than social reaction path to predict AAS use among bodybuilders.