bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadmium im Grundwasser Nordwestdeutschlands – Herkunft, Mobilisierung und Bewertung nach EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie
Authors: Kubier Andreas , Budziak Dörte , de Vries Dieter , Elbracht Jörg , Hamer Kay , Pichler Thomas 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Nordwestdeutschland zeigten neun Grundwasserkörper einen „schlechten“ chemischen Zustand nach Wasserrahmenrichtlinie aufgrund von Cadmiumkonzentrationen über 0,5 µg/l. Dünger- und Bodenanalysen, sowie Grundwasseranalysen des landesweiten Monitorings dienten der Quantifizierung der Cd-Belastung und Identifikation der Ursachen, wobei geogener Eintrag, Düngeremissionen und atmosphärische Deposition betrachtet wurden.Bis 2016 sanken die Cadmium-Einträge auf einen mittleren Eintrag von 0,74 g/(ha · a) durch die Ausbringung von Phosphat-Düngern und von 0,2 g/(ha · a) durch atmosphärische Deposition. In landwirtschaftlich genutzten Geestlandschaften zeigten Grundwasserdaten signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen Cadmium und erhöhten Nitratkonzentrationen sowie Versauerung. Hohe Grundwasserneubildungsraten begünstigten eine direkte Beeinflussung des Grundwassers durch ackerbauliche und forstwirtschaftliche Nutzung, sodass eine erhöhte Lösung von Cadmium eintrat.Messstellen mit steigenden Cadmiumkonzentrationen konnten über Trendtests ermittelt werden. Geestgebiete mit erhöhten Cadmiumkonzentrationen zeigten eine gute räumliche Übereinstimmung mit der Maßnahmenkulisse zur Nitratreduktion.Für hydrogeologische Teilräume wurden Cadmium-Hintergrundkonzentrationen zwischen 0,01 µg/l und 0,98 µg/l berechnet. Diese regional differenzierten Hintergrundwerte erlauben eine Neubewertung des chemischen Zustands der Grundwasserkörper.
Multi-feature evaluation of financial contagion
Authors: Duda Jarosław , Gurgul Henryk , Syrek Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFinancial contagion refers to the spread of market turmoils, for example from one country or index to another country or another index. It is standardly assessed by modelling the evolution of the correlation matrix, for example of returns, usually after removing univariate dynamics with the GARCH model. However, significant events like crises visible in one financial market are usually reflected in other financial markets/countries simultaneously in several dimensions, i.e., in general, entire distributions of returns in other markets are affected. These distributions are determined/described by their expected value, variance, skewness, kurtosis and other statistics that determine the shape of the distribution function of returns, which can be based on higher (mixed) moments. These descriptive statistics are not constant over time, and, moreover, they can interreact within the given market and among the markets over time. In this article we propose, and use for the daily values of five indexes (CAC40, DAX30, DJIA, FTSE250 and WIG20) over the time period 2006–2017, a new, simple and computationally inexpensive methodology to automatically extend contagion evaluation from the evolution of the correlation matrix to the evolution of multiple higher mixed moments as well. Specifically, the joint distribution of normalized variables for each pair of indexes is modeled as a polynomial with time evolving coefficients estimated using an exponential moving average. As we can obtain any arbitrary number of evolving mixed moments this way, its dimensionality reduction using PCA (principal component analysis) is also discussed, obtaining a lower number of dominating and relatively independent features, which can each be interpreted through a polynomial that describes the corresponding perturbation of joint distribution. We obtain features that describe the interrelations among stock markets in several dimensions and that provide information about the current stage of crisis and the strength of the contagion process.
Global small data solutions for semilinear waves with two dissipative terms
Authors: Chen Wenhui , D’Abbicco Marcello , Girardi Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we prove the existence of global (in time) small data solutions for wave equations with two dissipative terms and with power nonlinearity $$|u|^p$$

|
u
|

p

or nonlinearity of derivative type $$|u_t|^p$$

|

u
t

|

p

, in any space dimension $$n\geqslant 1$$

n
⩾
1

, for supercritical powers $$p>{\bar{p}}$$

p
>

p

¯

. The presence of two dissipative terms strongly influences the nature of the problem, allowing us to derive $$L^r-L^q$$

L
r

-

L
q

long time decay estimates for the solution in the full range $$1\leqslant r\leqslant q\leqslant \infty $$

1
⩽
r
⩽
q
⩽
∞

. The optimality of the critical exponents is guaranteed by a nonexistence result for subcritical powers $$p<{\bar{p}}$$

p
<

p

¯

.
Cyber security threat modeling based on the MITRE Enterprise ATT&CK Matrix
Authors: Xiong Wenjun , Legrand Emeline , Åberg Oscar , Lagerström Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnterprise systems are growing in complexity, and the adoption of cloud and mobile services has greatly increased the attack surface. To proactively address these security issues in enterprise systems, this paper proposes a threat modeling language for enterprise security based on the MITRE Enterprise ATT&CK Matrix. It is designed using the Meta Attack Language framework and focuses on describing system assets, attack steps, defenses, and asset associations. The attack steps in the language represent adversary techniques as listed and described by MITRE. This entity-relationship model describes enterprise IT systems as a whole; by using available tools, the proposed language enables attack simulations on its system model instances. These simulations can be used to investigate security settings and architectural changes that might be implemented to secure the system more effectively. Our proposed language is tested with a number of unit and integration tests. This is visualized in the paper with two real cyber attacks modeled and simulated.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a review
Authors: Iorgoveanu Corina , Zaghloul Ahmed , Ashwath Mahi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeripartum cardiomyopathy is a form of idiopathic systolic heart failure which occurs during the end of pregnancy or the early post-partum in the absence of an identifiable etiology. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown, and the incidence is higher in African ancestry, multiparous and hypertensive women, or older maternal age. Delay in diagnosis is common, mainly because symptoms of heart failure mimic those of normal pregnancy. Echocardiography showing decreased myocardial function is at the center of the diagnosis. Management relies on the general guidelines of management of other forms of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy; however, special attention should be paid when choosing medications to ensure fetal safety. Outcomes can be variable and can range from complete recovery to persistent heart failure requiring transplant or even death. High rates of relapse with subsequent pregnancies can occur, especially with incomplete myocardial recovery. Additional research about the etiology, experimental drugs, prognosis, and duration of treatment after recovery are needed.
Rumination in Children with Social Anxiety Disorder: Effects of Cognitive Distraction and Relation to Social Stress Processing
Authors: Lidle Leonie Rabea , Schmitz Julian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to cognitive models of social anxiety disorder (SAD), both anticipatory processing and post-event processing are core mechanisms in disorder maintenance leading to dysfunctional coping with social situations through negative self-evaluation and increased anxiety. To date, little is known about these processes during late childhood, a critical period for disorder development. Further, it remains unclear if dysfunctional rumination in children can be altered through psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive distraction. In the current study, children aged 9 to 13 years with SAD and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs, each: n = 30) participated in an experimental laboratory social stress task while anticipatory processing, post-event processing, subjective anxiety, self-evaluations, and autonomic arousal (skin conductance level) were assessed. Further, the impact of a brief cognitive distraction intervention on post-event processing was assessed. Children with SAD reported more negative anticipatory and post-event processing compared to HC children. Further, negative anticipatory processing was associated with higher subjective anxiety and reduced subjective performance ratings during the social stress task. In the aftermath of the stressor, distraction led to reduced subjective anxiety in the group with SAD and lower autonomic arousal in all children but did not alter post-event processing. The current study suggests that both anticipatory and post-event processing already play a key role in the maintenance of SAD in childhood. While distraction may be beneficial in reducing prolonged subjective anxiety and autonomic arousal after social situations, more research on interventions targeting ruminative processes is needed.
On a Theorem by A.S. Cherny for Semilinear Stochastic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Criens David , Ritter Moritz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider analytically weak solutions to semilinear stochastic partial differential equations with non-anticipating coefficients driven by a cylindrical Brownian motion. The solutions are allowed to take values in Banach spaces. We show that weak uniqueness is equivalent to weak joint uniqueness, and thereby generalize a theorem by A.S. Cherny to an infinite dimensional setting. Our proof for the technical key step is different from Cherny’s and uses cylindrical martingale problems. As an application, we deduce a dual version of the Yamada–Watanabe theorem, i.e. we show that strong existence and weak uniqueness imply weak existence and strong uniqueness.
Promoting education for sustainable development in the Maldives: Exploring the link between theory and practice
Authors: Di Biase Rhonda , Malatesta Stefano , Schmidt di Friedberg Marcella 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores the critical role of education in promoting sustainable development in the Maldives context. It presents the outcomes of a small-scale project, Playing with Solar, implemented in a small island school in collaboration with the island community. Because of the environmental and educational principles embedded in this project, it is presented as one that prioritizes sustainable development, actively engages with the community, and aligns with the key competencies underpinning the Maldives National Curriculum Framework. The Playing with Solar project is an example of transformative pedagogy aligned with sustainable development. By promoting problem-based learning, the project shows how key competencies and pedagogical principles can be operationalized in line with National Curriculum Framework syllabi that promote interdisciplinary learning, in contrast to textbook-based, transmission models of teaching.
Erhebungsinstrumente zur Erfassung der kommunalen Bewegungsumwelt älterer Menschen – eine systematische Betrachtung
Authors: Paulsen Lisa , Benz Lea , Vonstein Claudia , Bucksch Jens 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Eine Analyse bewegungsförderlicher Verhältnisse in der Wohnumwelt ist für die Planung der kommunalen Bewegungsförderung für ältere Menschen unerlässlich. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, welche Instrumente zur Messung baulicher und natürlicher Umweltdeterminanten, wie der Nutzung von Bewegungsmöglichkeiten (z. B. Grünflächen), zur Verfügung stehen und inwiefern sie auf die Zielgruppe Älterer durch kommunale Praktikerinnen und Praktiker der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung anwendbar sind.

Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen einer selektiven Übersichtsarbeit wurden mittels systematischer Literaturrecherche in einschlägigen Datenbanken und Webseiten Instrumente zur Erfassung der kommunalen Bewegungsverhältnisse älterer Menschen anhand von vorab definierten Ein- und Ausschusskriterien identifiziert (z. B. Zielgruppe, Erfassung der Umwelt). Diese Tools wurden in einem nächsten Schritt anhand weiterer Kriterien, wie z. B. der Verfügbarkeit im deutschen Sprachraum, der Praktikabilität für die Kommune und der Testgüte, weiter unterteilt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 118 Tools identifiziert werden, welche sich den Kategorien Fragebögen, Audits und Bürgerbeteiligungsverfahren zuordnen lassen. Von diesen wurden 12 Instrumente als „vielversprechend“ eingestuft, die den Kriterien in besonderem Maße entsprachen.

Schlussfolgerung
Erhebungsinstrumente zur Messung zielgruppenspezifischer Aspekte der Bewegungsumwelt sind weitestgehend unbekannt und liegen nur in der Ausnahme für den deutschsprachigen Raum getestet vor. Zukünftige Studien sollten methodisch reliable und valide Messinstrumente einsetzen und diese für kommunale Praktikerinnen und Praktiker der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung praktikabel gestalten.
Detached Concern und Wohlbefinden: berufliche Selbstwirksamkeit und Sinnerfüllung als vermittelnde psychische Ressourcen
Authors: Lampert B. , Hornung S. , Glaser J. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel/Hintergrund.
Die Studie erforscht den Zusammenhang von Detached Concern (DC) als emotionsregulierende Ressource in der Interaktion mit Klienten, und dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden von Beschäftigten in der Humandienstleistung. Untersucht werden die vermittelnden Rollen von beruflicher Selbstwirksamkeit und Sinnerfüllung in der Arbeit als zentrale individuelle Arbeitsressourcen.

Fragestellung
Angenommen wird, dass eine empathische Arbeitsweise, welche die Klientenbeziehung in den Vordergrund stellt, sowie eine hinreichende persönliche Abgrenzung, vermittelt über erhöhte Selbstwirksamkeit und Sinnerleben zum Wohlbefinden beitragen.

Methode
Daten von N = 527 Beschäftigten im Gesundheits-, Lehr- und Sozialwesen entstammen einer querschnittlichen Online-Fragebogenstudie. Alle Konstrukte wurden mit validierten und reliablen Skalen erhoben. Die DC-Skala für Humandienstleistungsberufe unterscheidet empathische Anteilnahme und Abgrenzungsfähigkeit. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS und Process als getrennte sowie moderierte serielle Mediationsanalysen für die beiden DC-Komponenten.

Ergebnisse
Hypothesenkonform wurden positive Zusammenhänge zwischen DC und Wohlbefinden statistisch seriell über berufliche Selbstwirksamkeit und Sinnerfüllung vermittelt. Weiterhin konnte ein Interaktionseffekt der beiden DC-Komponenten auf die Selbstwirksamkeit im Rahmen der seriellen Mediation nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerungen
Beide DC-Komponenten erfüllen wichtige emotionsbezogene Funktionen, um im Arbeitsalltag mit Klienten Selbstwirksamkeit und Sinnhaftigkeit zu erleben. Diese Zusammenhänge können als förderliche Quelle für das Wohlbefinden wirksam werden. Bewusstseinsbildung und Training einer reflexiven DC-Haltung sollten in der Ausbildung von Dienstleistern integriert werden.
Evaluation of Allicin Against Alveolar Echinococcosis In Vitro and in a Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Chuanchuan , Fan Haining , Guan Lu , Ma Lan , Ge Ri-li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
At present, the chemotherapy for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is mainly based on albendazole (ABZ). However, more than 20% of patients fail chemotherapy. Therefore, new and more effective treatments are urgently needed. Allicin has been reported to have antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of allicin against Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis).

Methods
The effects of allicin on protoscolex survival and structural changes were evaluated in vitro. The 4-week-old BALB/c male mice used for in vivo modelling underwent inoculation of E. multilocularis protoscoleces by intraperitoneal injection, followed by intragastric administration of allicin for 6 weeks. Then, the effects of allicin on lymphocyte subsets, metacestode growth and host tissue matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)/MMP9 expression around metacestodes in mice were evaluated. The toxicity of allicin was further evaluated in vivo and in vitro.

Results
Att 40 μg/mL, allicin showed a killing effect on protoscoleces in vitro and treatment resulted in the destruction of protoscolex structure. Molecular docking showed that allicin could form hydrogen bonds with E. multilocularis cysteine enzymes. After 6 weeks of in vivo allicin treatment, the spleen index of mice was increased and the weight of metacestodes was reduced. Allicin increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells and decreased the proportion of CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and spleen. Pathological analysis of the metacestodes showed structural disruption of the germinal and laminated layers after allicin treatment. In addition, allicin inhibited the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in metacestode-surrounding host tissues. At 160 μg/mL, allicin had no significant toxicity to normal hepatocytes but could inhibit hepatoma cell proliferation. At 30 mg/kg, allicin had no significant hepatorenal toxicity in vivo.

Conclusion
These results suggest that allicin exerts anti-E. multilocularis effects in vitro and in vivo and can enhance immune function in mice, with the potential to be developed as a lead compound against echinococcosis.
Automatic liver and tumor segmentation based on deep learning and globally optimized refinement
Authors: Hong Yuan , Mao Xiong-wei , Hui Qing-lei , Ouyang Xiao-ping , Peng Zhi-yi , Kong De-xing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutomatic segmentation of the liver and hepatic lesions from abdominal 3D computed tomography (CT) images is fundamental tasks in computer-assisted liver surgery planning. However, due to complex backgrounds, ambiguous boundaries, heterogeneous appearances and highly varied shapes of the liver, accurate liver segmentation and tumor detection are still challenging problems. To address these difficulties, we propose an automatic segmentation framework based on 3D U-net with dense connections and globally optimized refinement. Firstly, a deep U-net architecture with dense connections is trained to learn the probability map of the liver. Then the probability map goes into the following refinement step as the initial surface and prior shape. The segmentation of liver tumor is based on the similar network architecture with the help of segmentation results of liver. In order to reduce the influence of the surrounding tissues with the similar intensity and texture behavior with the tumor region, during the training procedure,I×liverlabelis the input of the network for the segmentation of liver tumor. By doing this, the accuracy of segmentation can be improved. The proposed method is fully automatic without any user interaction. Both qualitative and quantitative results reveal that the proposed approach is efficient and accurate for liver volume estimation in clinical application. The high correlation between the automatic and manual references shows that the proposed method can be good enough to replace the time-consuming and non-reproducible manual segmentation method.
Distress, anxiety, depression and unmet needs in thyroid cancer survivors: a longitudinal study
Authors: Dionisi-Vici Margherita , Fantoni Marta , Botto Rossana , Nervo Alice , Felicetti Francesco , Rossetto Ruth , Gallo Marco , Arvat Emanuela , Torta Riccardo , Leombruni Paolo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite a good prognosis, thyroid cancer (TC) survivors often report psychological distress and decreased quality of life. This longitudinal study aims to evaluate TC survivors’ levels of distress, anxiety, depression and unmet needs, checking potential life events.

Methods
Distress Thermometer, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Supportive Care Need Survey (short form) and Interview for Recent Life Events were administered to 73 TC survivors (T0) and 44 of them were re-tested one year later (T1). Participants were at 0–5, 5–10 or >10 years from the end of their cancer-related treatments.

Results
At T0, distress, anxiety and depression mean scores were 6.4, 6.8 and 5.3, while at T1 they were 5.5, 4.8 and 5.1. Only anxiety scores decreased significantly between T0 and T1. 50.7% of patients had unmet psychological needs at T0 and 50.0% at T1. Most participants were satisfied in the communicative/ informative (T0:79.5%; T1: 77.3%) and social/health care areas (T0:74.0%; T1:75.0%). The most experienced stressful events detected concerned their working areas.

Conclusions
Results confirmed that patients reported distress, anxiety and depression concerns even many years after the end of treatments. Both medical and psychological surveillance are relevant to improving TC survivors’ wellbeing.
Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role
Authors: Durazzo Alessandra , Nazhand Amirhossein , Lucarini Massimo , Silva Amelia M. , Souto Selma B. , Guerra Fabrizia , Severino Patricia , Zaccardelli Massimo , Souto Eliana B. , Santini Antonello 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
How food systems change (or not): governance implications for system transformation processes
Authors: Leeuwis Cees , Boogaard Birgit K. , Atta-Krah Kwesi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that supporting food system transformation requires more than obtaining science-based understanding and analysis of how components in the system interact. We argue that changing the emergent properties of food systems (what we call food system synthesis) is a socio-political challenge that is affected by competing views regarding system boundaries and purposes, and limited possibilities for central steering and control. We point to different traditions of ‘systems thinking’ that each emphasize particular types of interventions for achieving system change, and argue that food systems are best looked at as complex multi-dimensional systems. This implies that we need to move beyond rational engineering approaches to system change, and look for approaches that anticipate and accommodate inherent social tensions and struggles in processes of changing food system dynamics and outcomes. Through a case study on the persistence of an undesired emergent property of food systems (i.e. poverty) we demonstrate that a multi-level perspective (MLP) on system transformation is useful in understanding both how food system transformation has happened in the past, and how desirable transformations is prevented from happening today. Based on such insights we point to key governance strategies and principles that may be used to influence food system transformation as a non-linear and long-term process of competition, negotiation and reconfiguration. Such strategies include the creation and nurturing of diversity in the system, as well as process interventions aimed at visioning, destabilization and formation of discourse coalitions. Such governance interventions imply a considerable re-orientation of investments in food system transformation as well as a rethinking of the role that policy-makers may play in either altering or reproducing undesirable system outcomes.