bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next‐generation ultrasonic recorders facilitate effective bat activity and distribution monitoring by citizen scientists
Authors: Lundberg Piia , Meierhofer Melissa B. , Vasko Ville , Suutari Miina , Ojala Ann , Vainio Annukka , Lilley Thomas M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTime and budgetary resources are often a limiting factor in the collection of large‐scale ecological data. If data collected by citizen scientists were comparable to data collected by researchers, it would allow for more efficient data collection over a broad geographic area. Here, we compare the quality of data on bat activity collected by citizens (high school students and teachers) and researchers. Both researchers and citizen scientists used the same comprehensive instructions when choosing study sites. We found no statistically significant difference in total bat activity minutes recorded by citizens and researchers. Instead, citizen scientists collected data from a wider variety of habitats than researchers. Involvement of citizens also increased the geographical coverage of data collection, resulting in the northernmost documentation of the Nathusius’s pipistrelle so far in Finland. Therefore, bat research can benefit from the use of citizen science when participants are given precise instructions and calibrated data collection equipment. Citizen science projects also have other far‐reaching benefits, increasing, for example, the scientific literacy and interest in natural sciences of citizens. Involving citizens in science projects also has the potential to enhance their willingness to conserve nature.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium(II) Amine Complexes: The Role of Primary Aryl‐ or Alkylamine Binding and Applications in the Buchwald‐Hartwig Amination Reaction
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Chen Ming‐Tsz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene‐palladium(II) amine complexes bearing primary aryl‐ or alkylamines were synthesized. The prepared complexes were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction as well as NMR spectroscopy. These complexes exhibited good catalytic activities for the Buchwald‐Hartwig amination reaction of aryl chlorides to afford arylated anilines under mild conditions. All reactions were carried out in air and all starting materials were used as supplied without purification. 21 expected coupling products were obtained in moderate to high yields under optimum conditions.
Empirical equations for flexural residual strengths in concrete with low volumetric fractions of hook‐end steel fiber
Authors: Nzambi Aaron Kadima Lukanu Lwa , Ntuku Jeandry Bule , de Oliveira Dênio Ramam Carvalho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe characterization of steel fiber concrete in a flexural test or tensile uniaxial test requires greater control of loading rate by the speed applied in the test machine, to be able to report more accurately the behavior of displacements or crack openings in micro‐scale possible. In general, in the pre‐dimensioning process, it is often discarded the characterization tests and the main standards do not provide theoretical design recommendations concerning the residual strengths of fibrous concrete. Some empirical models in the literature attempt an approximation of the theoretical design values, but they present greater dispersion in the results. This article proposes empirical equations for predicting the residual strengths of the steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), for small fiber volume fractions (approx. < 0.8%). Experimentally notched beams subjected to three‐point bending tests were collected, with the concrete matrix composed of hook‐end steel fiber and the experimental residual strengths presenting the softening behavior in the load‐opening ratio curve of the crack. The experimental residual strengths were compared with other empirical models found in the literature. The results showed that the maximum stress of the steel fiber pullout model established satisfactory relationships with the residual stresses in flexure. The empirical proposed residual strength model presented lower variability of dispersion around 10%, the mean absolute percentage error of 8%, compared to other usual empirical models and had the same material class with the experimental results, proving to be a viable alternative for pre‐design and dosage optimization for SFRC.
Commentaries on “Abductive Theory Construction”
Authors: Kardes Frank , Fischer Eileen , Spiller Stephen , Labroo Aparna , Bublitz Melissa , Peracchio Laura , Huber Joel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper assembles five comments on Janiszewski and van Osselaer's (this issue) article that promotes abductive research as a way to generate new psychological theory. The review process began by asking those making comments to be part of collaborative communication between themselves and Janiszewski and van Osselaer. The five comments arising from that process provide well‐honed insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the abductive research. The first commentary, by Frank Kardes, offers convincing evidence showing that the techniques of abductive thinking are similar to other explorative techniques currently being successfully used in deductive research. Eileen Fischer sees abductive thinking as integral to inductive and qualitative thinking as it facilitates the generation of new constructs and remaps established ones. Stephen Spiller explores the implication of starting from interesting and paradoxical data rather than from established theory. The research challenge then requires a focus on strategic sampling of methods, responses, and critical constructs that confirm or limit a provisional theory. Aparna Labroo articulates the benefits of abductive thinking to help resolve complex practical problems, but warns against the proliferation of multiple findings that may be difficult to validate. Finally, Bublitz and Peracchio celebrate the value of abductive research to help resolve social issues and enable the fruitful merger of publishable research with personal social action.
Sonographic assessment of low muscle quantity identifies mortality risk during COVID‐19: a prospective single‐centre study
Authors: Kremer Wolfgang M. , Labenz Christian , Kuchen Robert , Sagoschen Ingo , Bodenstein Marc , Schreiner Oliver , Wörns Marcus A. , Sivanathan Visvakanth , Weinmann Arndt , Galle Peter R. , Sprinzl Martin F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of muscle quantity by sonographic muscle indices could help identify patients at risk for fatal outcome during coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). The aim of this study was to explore sonographic muscle indices as predictors of COVID‐19 outcome and to test the feasibility of sonographic muscle measurement in an isolation context.MethodsMuscle indices, derived from the psoas muscle or thigh muscles, were quantified by sonography in a cohort of patients without COVID‐19 to obtain reference values for low muscle quantity. Gender‐specific median of different muscle indices were defined as threshold value for low muscle quantity. The prognostic relevance of low muscle quantity, was prospectively explored in two cohorts of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Optimal muscle index cutoff values predictive for 30 day mortality during COVID‐19 were determined by receiver operating characteristic‐area under the curve and Youden index calculation. Muscle quantity and known prognostic factors of COVID‐19 were analysed by multivariable log‐regression.ResultsCompared with other muscle indices, the psoas muscle area index (PMAI) showed the most favourable characteristics to predict outcome of COVID‐19 disease. Sonographic morphometry of patients without COVID‐19 (n = 136) revealed a gender‐specific median for PMAI (male: 291.1 mm2/m2, female 260.6 mm2/m2) as threshold value of low muscle quantity. Subsequently, COVID‐19 patients (Cohort I: n = 58; Cohort II: n = 55) were prospectively assessed by bedside sonography. The studied COVID‐19 patients developed a critical course of disease in 22.4% (Cohort I: n = 13/58) and 34.5% (Cohort II: n = 20/55). Mortality rate reached 12.1% (Cohort I: n = 7/58) and 20.0% (Cohort I: n = 11/55) within 30 days of follow up. COVID‐19 patients with a PMAI below the gender‐specific median showed a higher 30 day mortality in both COVID‐19 cohorts (log rank, P < 0.05). The optimal PMAI cutoff value (206 mm2/m2) predicted 30 day mortality of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 78.5% (receiver operating characteristic‐area under the curve: 0.793, 95% confidence interval 0.671–0.914, P = 0.008). Multivariable log‐regression analysis of PMAI, age, gender, BMI and comorbidities confirmed an independent association of low PMAI with 30 day mortality of COVID‐19 patients (P = 0.018).ConclusionsSonographic morphometry provides reliable muscle quantification under hygienic precautions and allows risk stratification of patients with COVID‐19.
Deep Learning Assisted Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Tumors Based on Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhao Keyang , Zhang Mingzi , Xie Zhaozhi , Yan Xu , Wu Shenghui , Liao Peng , Lu Hongtao , Shen Wei , Fu Chicheng , Cui Haoyang , Fang Qu , Mei Jiong 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMisdiagnosis of malignant musculoskeletal tumors may lead to the delay of intervention, resulting in amputation or death.PurposeTo improve the diagnostic efficacy of musculoskeletal tumors by developing deep learning (DL) models based on contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and to quantify the improvement in diagnostic performance obtained by using these models.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationThree hundreds and four musculoskeletal tumors, including 212 malignant and 92 benign lesions, were randomized into the training (n = 180), validation (n = 62) and testing cohort (n = 62).Field strength/sequenceA 3 T/T1‐weighted (T1‐w), T2‐weighted (T2‐w), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (CET1‐w) images.AssessmentThree DL models based, respectively, on the sagittal, coronal, and axial MR images were constructed to predict the malignancy of tumors. Blinded to the prediction results, a group of specialists made independent initial diagnoses for each patient by reading all image sequences. One month after the initial diagnoses, the same group of doctors made another round of diagnoses knowing the malignancy of each tumor predicted by the three models. The reference standard was the pathological diagnosis of malignancy.Statistical testsSensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (all with 95% confidential intervals [CI]) corresponding to each diagnostic test were computed. Chi‐square tests were used to assess the differences in those parameters with and without DL models. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe developed models significantly improved the diagnostic sensitivities of two oncologists by 0.15 (95% CI: 0.06–0.24) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.24–0.28), one radiologist by 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04–0.20), and three of the four orthopedists, respectively, by 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04–0.20), 0.29 (95% CI: 0.18–0.40), and 0.23 (95% CI: 0.13–0.33), without impairing any of their diagnostic specificities (all P > 0.128).Data conclusionThe DL models developed can significantly improve the performance of doctors with different training and experience in diagnosing musculoskeletal tumors.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Ablation of typical atrial flutter using mini electrode measurements for maximum voltage‐guided ablation: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Rowe Matthew K. , Claughton Andrew , Davis Jason , Yee Lauren , Kaye Gerald C. , Dauber Kieran , Hill John , Gould Paul A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNovel ablation catheters with mini electrode (ME) sensing have become available but their utility is unclear. We investigated whether ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) for atrial flutter (AFL) would be improved using ME signals.MethodsSixty‐one patients (76% male, 63 ± 10 years) with CTI‐dependent AFL underwent ablation using a maximum voltage‐guided approach, randomized to either standard 8 mm non‐irrigated catheter with bipolar signals or IntellaTip MiFi catheter using ME signals alone.ResultsAcute bidirectional block was achieved in 97%. Mean follow‐up was 16.7 ± 10 months. The median number of ablation lesions was 13 in both groups (range 3–62 vs. 1–43, p = .85). No significant differences were observed in AFL recurrences (17% vs. 11%, p = .7), median procedure durations (97 min [interquartile range (IQR), 71–121] vs. 87 min [IQR, 72–107], p = .55) or fluoroscopy times (31 min [IQR, 21–52] vs. 38 min [IQR, 25–70], p = .56). Amplitudes of ME signals were on average 160% greater than blinded bipolar signals. In 23.7% of lesions where bipolar signals were difficult to interpret, 13.6% showed a clear ME signal.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the effectiveness of CTI ablation guided by ME signals, compared with using bipolar signals from a standard 8 mm ablation catheter. While ME signal amplitudes were larger and sometimes present when the bipolar signal was unclear, this did not improve procedural characteristics or outcomes. The results suggest future research should focus on lesion integrity rather than signal sensing.
Fluid vulnerability theory as a framework for understanding the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide: A narrative review
Authors: Rugo‐Cook Kelsi F. , Kerig Patricia K. , Crowell Sheila E. , Bryan Craig J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuicide is a persistent issue in the United States and across the globe. A large body of published research shows that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases the risk of suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviors, and death by suicide. However, the existing literature examining why that association might pertain is widely dispersed across disciplines (e.g., psychology, nursing) and lacks an integrative theoretical framework, making it difficult to conceptualize the current state of science in this area. Therefore, the primary aims of this narrative review were to (a) provide a comprehensive and interdisciplinary critique of the current state of knowledge regarding mechanisms that underlie the association between PTSD and suicide and (b) organize that knowledge according to a specified theoretical framework. The framework guiding this review is “fluid vulnerability theory,” a diathesis–stress model of suicide that emphasizes the dynamic nature of suicide risk across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological domains. A summary of the findings, including patterns that emerged, gaps that remain, and recommendations for the advancement of science and practice in this area are addressed in this narrative review.
OpenOBS: Open‐source, low‐cost optical backscatter sensors for water quality and sediment‐transport research
Authors: Eidam Emily F. , Langhorst Theodore , Goldstein Evan B. , McLean McKenzie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptical backscatter sensors (OBSs) are commonly used to measure the turbidity, or light obscuration, of water in fresh and marine environments and various industrial applications. These turbidity data are commonly calibrated to yield total suspended solids (TSS) or suspended sediment concentration (SSC) measurements for water quality, sediment transport, and diverse other research and environmental management applications. Commercial sensors generally cost > $1000–3000. Here we leveraged simple, low‐cost microprocessors, electronics, and housing components to design and construct open‐source OBSs for < $150 per unit. The circuit relies on a photodiode to sense backscattered light, two stages of signal amplification, and a high‐resolution analog‐to‐digital converter to read the detected signal. The instrument and logger utilize inexpensive, custom‐printed circuit boards with through‐hole soldering mounts; micro‐SD card reader and real‐time clock modules; and PVC housings with commercial end caps and epoxy‐potted diode emitter and receiver. All parts are readily and publicly available, and minimal experience in soldering and coding is required to build and deploy the sensor. In lab and field tests, standard deviations were comparable to those measured by commercial sensors (~ 2–3% of the mean for suspended muds and 20–30% for suspended sands). These open‐source sensors represent a useful advance in inexpensive sensing technology with broad applications across scientific and environmental management disciplines.
Some Hardy identities on half‐spaces
Authors: Duy Nguyen Tuan , Lam Nguyen , Phi Le Long 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove some Hardy identities on the half‐space . Our equalities imply correponding versions of the Hardy type inequalities with exact remainder terms on . These equalities give straightforward understandings of the optimal constants as well as the nonexistence of nontrivial optimizers for various Hardy type inequalities on half‐spaces. These identities also provide the “virtual” ground state in the sense of Frank and Seiringer [13] for several Hardy type inequalities on .
Complex interpolation of variable Morrey spaces
Authors: Hakim Denny Ivanal , Sawano Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the description of complex interpolation between variable Morrey spaces. We show that the first complex interpolation between variable Morrey spaces equals to certain closed subspaces of variable Morrey spaces. In addition, we prove that the second complex interpolation of variable Morrey spaces coincides with their intermediate spaces. Our proof uses the characterization of the Calderón product between variable Morrey spaces. Our results cover complex interpolation of variable Lebesgue spaces and complex interpolation of (classical) Morrey spaces.
Fabrication of hybrid polystyrene–titanium dioxide with enhanced dye degradation and antimicrobial properties: investigation of the effect of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate on photocatalytic activity
Authors: Metanawin Siripan , Metanawin Tanapak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mini‐emulsion polymerization of polystyrene–titanium dioxide (PS/TiO2) hybrid antibacterial material was carried out. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was used, as a crosslinking agent, to enhance the stability, the encapsulation efficiency of TiO2, the self‐organized structure of the nanoparticles and photocatalytic behavior. The particle size and morphology as well as the photocatalytic properties of the polymer hybrids were characterized by dynamic light scattering, field emission SEM and UV–visible spectroscopy. The results showed that the average particle size of PS/TiO2 hybrids was in the range 98–242 nm with a narrow size distribution. The results of field emission SEM demonstrated the raspberry‐like self‐organized hexagonal structure of the polymer hybrids in the presence of TEGDMA. The morphology and structure of the PS/TiO2 hybrid were observed using high resolution TEM. The results show that the PS and PS/TiO2 hybrids have a well‐defined structure. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was used to confirm that PS/TiO2 hybrid contains elemental titanium. It was noticed that the elemental analysis of Ti and O was 8.03 wt% (2.9 at%) and 7.97 wt% (6.5 at%), respectively. It should be emphasized that the results of high resolution TEM and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy are considered excellent proof for the formation of PS/TiO2 hybrid. The thermal properties of PS and the hybrids with TiO2 were explored by DSC. It was found that the presence of TEGDMA in the system may reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer hybrids. XRD confirmed the formation of PS/TiO2 hybrids and the antibacterial activity was also investigated. An escalation of intensity in the XRD pattern of the TiO2 signals in the PS/TiO2 hybrids was observed. The antibacterial activity study noted that the PS/TiO2 hybrid demonstrated excellent antifungal and antibacterial properties against a broad range of both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. The photocatalytic efficiency of PS/TiO2 was assessed by monitoring the discoloration of an organic dye (methylene blue) under UVA irradiation. It indicated that the photocatalysis of PS/TiO2 in the presence of TEGDMA was increased due to the association of TEGDMA in the self‐organization structure of the hybrid system. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A national descriptive epidemiologic analysis on congenital pulmonary airway malformation in China, 2010–2019
Authors: Xu Wenli , Gao Yuyang , Li Wenyan , Chen Zhiyu , Li Qi , Li Ruike , Liu Hanmin , Dai Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo depict the epidemiological features of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) in Chinese population.MethodsUsing 2010–2019 data from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network, we calculated the prevalence rates (PR) and 95% confidence intervals of isolated and nonisolated CPAM according to birth year, infant sex, maternal age and residence area, and examined the secular trends by using Poisson regression models. The perinatal outcomes of affected infants and associated malformations with CPAM were also analyzed.ResultsDuring this period, a total of 2451 CPAMs were identified among 20,183,999 births, yielding a PR of 1.21, 0.95, and 0.27 per 10,000 live and still births for the overall, isolated and nonisolated CPAM, respectively. Significant upward trends in CPAM PR were observed. The PR varied significantly by infant sex (male vs. female, 1.28/10,000 vs. 1.10/10,000), residence area (urban vs. rural, 1.49/10,000 vs. 0.88/10,000), and by maternal age (<20 years, 0.94/10,000; 20–24 years, 1.04/10,000; 25–29 years, 1.32/10,000; 30–34 years, 1.28/10,000; ≥35 years, 1.05/10,000). Compared with isolated CPAM, much more live births with nonisolated CPAM died in the early neonatal period (5.0% vs. 1.0%). The additional malformations with nonisolated CPAM occurred most frequently in the circulatory system.ConclusionsThe PR of CPAM in this study are comparable to those reported in non‐Chinese populations. The increasing trend in prevalence and poor perinatal outcomes of the affected infants indicate an urgent need to strengthen the clinical and public health interventions of CPAM.
Molecular dynamics and structural analysis of the binding of COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase to β‐catenin and TRIB pseudokinases
Authors: Zahid Sana , Basharat Saba , Fakhar Muhammad , Rashid Sajid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTribbles pseudokinases, Tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1), Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2), and Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3), bind to constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) E3 ligase to mediate the regulation of β‐catenin expression. The interaction mechanism between COP1 E3 ligase and β‐catenin has not been addressed to date. Based on the functional presence of TRIBs in wingless‐related integration site (WNT) signaling, we analyzed their interaction patterns with β‐catenin and COP1. Here, through in silico approaches, we ascribe the COP1 binding pattern against TRIBs and β‐catenin. TRIB1 (355‐DQIVPEY‐361), TRIB2 (326‐DQLVPDV‐332), and TRIB3 (333‐AQVVPDG‐339) peptides revealed a shallow binding pocket at the COP1 interface to accommodate the V‐P sequence motif. Reinvigoration of the comparative binding pattern and subtle structural analysis via docking, molecular dynamics simulations, molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area, topological, and tunnel analysis revealed that both β‐catenin phosphodegron (DSGXXS) and TRIB (D/E/AQXVPD/E) motifs occupied a common COP1 binding site. Current study suggests a structural paradigm of TRIB homologs bearing a conserved motif that may compete with β‐catenin phosphodegron signature for binding to WD40 domain of COP1. Thorough understanding of the structural basis for TRIB‐mediated regulation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling may help in devising more promising therapeutic strategy for liver and colorectal cancers.