bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social media for education: a histology quiz tool with global reach
Authors: Swailes Nathan 
Published: June 2021

Social media has become well‐known as a platform for scientific communication, professional networking and establishing collaborative opportunities. More recently, its powers as an educational tool have started to be recognized by anatomists and pathologists who have established accounts on Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, YouTube and Instagram. With 70% of all Americans now regularly using some form of social media (Pew Research, 2016) these applications offer unique ways for educators to engage with students outside of the classroom in an environment that they use daily. Educators have only a few hours each week to guide a small number of students through their learning experience, motivate them and test their understanding. Innovative use of social media, however, can extend educational reach beyond the confines of the classroom schedule and allow educators to engage not only their own students but also thousands more, globally, all with similar learning issues and goals.As more and more students turn to social media platforms to supplement and reinforce their learning, it is important that we, as experts in our field, are present where they are to ensure the availability of a reliable source of educational content. This is especially true for histology where virtual microscopy is now commonplace in classrooms around the world. Students no longer have libraries of unique glass slides at their fingertips and instead learn collectively using only one or two scanned and annotated examples of each tissue. Their exposure to tissue and stain variation is diminished considerably and, as a result, it is common for students to scour the internet looking for images to supplement their classroom experience and test their knowledge, understanding and tissue recognition skills.This work demonstrates how innovative use of Instagram, a free social media application created for sharing images, was used to build a popular (~3000 global users at time of submission) self‐quizzing tool for histology and pathology. The tool (@IQuizHisto) is used mainly by physicians and students of the medical, dental and healthcare sciences. The test items are fully searchable by organ system or tissue using a simple hashtag search for #IQHistoXYZ (where ‘XYZ’ is the name of the organ system or tissue). Users can rapid‐fire test their analytical and identification skills using high quality histological images and can elicit instant feedback by revealing answers with a swipe. It is a free resource that educators in anatomy and pathology can recommend to their students, or, educators in general can use as a model to quickly build their own supplementary materials/question banks that can then be made available locally or to the global student community using Instagram.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A Visual Guide to Foregut anatomy: Using Digital Multimedia to Enhance the Learning of Human Gross Anatomy
Authors: Hosseini Farshad , Oberoi Vishesh , Doroudi Majid , Vo Lien 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionKnowledge of the human gross anatomy is an essential part of a medical student's education, and is equally fundamental for the practicing clinician. Traditionally, medical schools have focused solely on hands‐on cadaver dissections to teach anatomical sciences. However, with the advancements of digital multimedia, it is about time students have other resources at their disposal to enhance their learning of human anatomy. This is particularly important as students rarely have access to the cadavers outside their designated lab times and with the addition of such resources, they will always have the flexibility to strengthen their gross anatomy knowledge, at any time, in any environment.ObjectivesWith the goal of improving students' gross anatomy learning experience, we created a visual, interactive presentation of gross anatomy of the foregut region. The aim was to give the students some background knowledge prior to attending the lab, as well as allowing them to use labeled screenshots from the videos during the lab, and as a study resource after the labs to enhance their learning.MethodsThe video takes the learners through all the key anatomical structures of the foregut as identified in the first year medical undergraduate curriculum, and uses simple commentary, interactive labeling, and quiz questions to optimize the student learning experience.ResultsSurveys were distributed amongst 290 medical students before and after they completed the lab to determine whether the videos were helpful. Over 95% of the students felt that the videos made them more prepared for the labs and also, enhanced their learning in the lab. In addition, they reported that they would like to see similar videos for future labs.ConclusionGiven the positive feedback, we conclude that this visual guide served to enhance the students' gross anatomy experience, and implementing more of such resources would help with their learning and understanding of the material.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Can virtual dissection be effectively performed remotely? Pilot study from a second‐year neuroanatomy laboratory at a large distributed medical school
Authors: Darras Kathryn , Spouge Rebecca , de Bruin Anique , Krebs Claudia , Nicolaou Savvas , Forster Bruce 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundVirtual dissection is an emerging area in undergraduate medical anatomy teaching as it incorporates clinical radiology into students' dissection experience. Virtual dissection is performed on near life‐size anatomy visualization tables (AVTs), which are very similar to hospital radiology workstations. Patient CT scans are loaded into these tables and through powerful software interactions students work together to manipulate the data and perform their dissection. Recent technology developments have allowed for some of the virtual dissection functionality to be accessed remotely on hand‐held devices (e.g. tablets). While this makes the virtual dissection experience feasible in a distributed program, it is unclear whether this “lighter” version of the software provides students with the same learning opportunities as virtual dissection performed on an AVT.MethodsDuring a second‐year cadaveric neuroanatomy laboratory, 288 medical students were invited to use an online application to access content from an AVT remotely. Students accessed and examined three clinical radiology cases on their device at both the main teaching campus as well as at the distributed campuses. Following the laboratory session, students completed an anonymous online survey to assess their experience. All students had performed virtual dissection on an AVT during their first year of medical school allowing them to compare their experiences.ResultsThe survey response rate was 7.9% across four separate campuses. 52.2% of students were located on the main campus and 47.8% were from one of the distributed campus. Most students (74.0%) “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that virtual dissection enhanced their understanding of the cadaveric content presented in the laboratory and their understanding of radiology anatomy. In addition, most students 74.0%) “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that virtual dissection enhanced their awareness of the clinical applications of the anatomy. Students reported that they would have liked to have more ability to virtually dissect the cases and more time to study them.ConclusionsVirtual dissection is a valuable addition to a second‐year medical undergraduate neuroanatomy cadaveric laboratory. However, students reported that performing the dissection on their tablets was not as effective as performing it on the AVT.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Spatial Abilities and Effect of Working Memory on Pictures of Objects Recognized from Haptic Perception
Authors: Langlois Jean , Dagenais Yvan , Martin Marcel , Lemieux Renald , Lecourtois Marc , Bernick Jordan , Bellemare Christian , Yetisir Elizabeth , Bergeron Germain , Hamstra Stanley J. , Wells George A. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAs a basis for an application in anatomy education, vision‐based spatial abilities tests have been correlated with pictures of objects recognized from haptic perception. Decreasing haptic perception while increasing working memory has been found to decrease performance on pictures of objects recognized from haptic perception. The objective of the current study was to correlate spatial abilities to the effect of working memory on pictures of objects recognized from haptic perception.MethodsA cohort of 48 medical graduates was enrolled in a prospective study. Ethics committee approval and written informed concent were obtained. Spatial abilities were measured with a redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotations Tests in two (MRTA) and three (MRTC) dimensions and a Surface Development Test (SDT). In a one‐month rotation preparing for residency, the experiment was done within a one‐week drawing course before a one‐week applied anatomy course. Twenty‐five objects constructed from various shaped parts glued together were identified on a picture by participants after haptic perception. In the first exercice, participants could touch the object for up to two minutes while identifying the corresponding picture. In the second exercice, 30 seconds were allowed for haptic perception of the object, 15 seconds to memorize, and up to 75 seconds to identify the corresponding picture without any further haptic access to the object. The maximum score was 24 for each of MRTA and MRTC, 60 for SDT, and 25 for the picture score. Descriptive statistics included median and lower (Q1) and upper (Q3) quartiles. Spearman's correlation coefficient (and associated p‐value) was used to correlate the picture score to MRTA, MRTC and SDT scores.ResultsCorrelations of change in picture score between the first and second exercice [6.5 (3, 10)] with MRTA [14 (9, 17)], MRTC [9.5 (6.5, 12)] and SDT [44.5 (36, 53)] scores were −0.046 (p = 0.7577), 0.126 (p = 0.3945) and 0.149 (p = 0.3133), respectively.ConclusionHaptics is involved in the handling of anatomical structures. Spatial abilities tests were not correlated to the effect of working memory on pictures of objects recognized from haptic perception. Spatial abilities tests have been correlated to the effect of working memory on drawings of objects from haptic perception. These findings may be explained by the 2‐D nature of picture recognition and 3‐D nature of making a perspective drawing of an object.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by an internal grant from the Department of Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Histological changes of fetal lower limb musculoskeletal layout after clearing with Dawson's technique
Authors: Gomez‐Samper Andrés Fernando , Latiff‐Maldonado Mario Alberto , Heidebroek‐Soto Diego Manuel , Peña‐Grunwaldt Juan David , Rueda‐Esteban Roberto Javier 
Published: June 2021

Dawson's clearing technique is widely used for the study of skeletal embryology, particularly at examining endochondral ossification in human developmental stages (Fig 1). While it has proven to be a useful tool for visualizing bony structures through cleared flesh, little is known about the histological changes suffered by both bony and muscular tissue.Our aim is to contrast cleared and formaldehyde fixated musculoskeletal tissue in fetal lower limbs at cellular and tissular levels. Two previously hard‐fixated fetuses' lower limbs were treated with 1) Dawson's clearing method based on Alizarin Red staining and immersion in aqueous KOH at 1% weight/volume, until complete translucency was obtained and 2) immersion in 10% volume/volume formaldehyde. For both, transversal cuts of tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges were obtained and stained in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) stain and Masson's Trichrome (MT) stain.Samples were observed under a light microscope at 4×, 10× and 20×. Cleared tissue slides in MT stain showed preserved collagen structures in connective tissue while H&E stain showed absence of cell membranes, nuclear structures, and epithelia. Bony structures were partially degraded while cartilaginous tissue maintained a similar but dilated resemblance to formaldehyde preserved tissue. PAS stain did not show any relevant change between specimens.Many of these observable changes are aligned to the alkaline hydrolysis process occurring between KOH and macromolecules. This interaction is widely reported in the literature. Said variations, in addition to studies proving a decrease of weight and volume in cleared specimens, show that microscopic changes in cleared tissue may be affecting its macroscopic observable layout. While clearing process is useful for examining endochondral ossification, it is important to take caution in quantitative measurements as the process may change the original characteristics of the tissue.Support or Funding InformationUniversidad de los Andes School of Medicine, Anatomy Laboratory.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Pdgfra regulates chondrocytes progenitor formation during embryo development
Authors: Bartolletti Garrett , Xiong Wei , He Fenglei 
Published: June 2021

Platelet derived growth factors (Pdgfs) play a pleiotropic role in embryo development and tissue morphogenesis. Our previous studies show that Pdgf receptor alpha (Pdgfra) is essential for midface and calvaria development in mice. In the present study, we show that Pdgfra plays an indispensible role in chondrocyte formation during craniofacial morphogenesis. Our results show Pdgfra is expressed in the chondrocyte progenitors, and inactivating Pdgfra causes chondrocranium hypoplasia. Further analysis revealed that Pdgfra mutant exhibits decreased expression of Sox9 and Col2a1, accompanied by modest change of cell proliferation rate in alcian blue positive cells. On the other hand, expressing an auto‐active form of Pdgfra (aK allele) in the whole embryo leads to ectopic cartilage formation. In addition, inactivating Pdgfra or activate Pdgfra specifically in chondrocytes causes a mild cartilage phenotype. These data indicate a role for Pdgfra in chondrocyte progenitor cell formation. In summary, our study identified Pdgfra as a novel regulator of cartilage formation, and that it regulates chondrocyte progenitor formation during embryo development.Support or Funding InformationNIDCR DE024617This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Distribution of bony groove for the greater and lesser palatine vessels in maxilla.
Authors: Miwa Yoko , Asaumi Rieko , Kawai Taisuke , Sato Iwao 
Published: June 2021

PurposeIn dental treatments such as implant surgery, harvesting of autogenous bone from maxilla is needed for the loss of the bone mass in elder. For safe operation, determining the presence of intraosseous blood vessels and nerves in the maxilla is of highest importance. The structural features of the human hard palate, which is composed of the maxilla and the palatine bones, may alter the distribution of blood vessels and nerves in elderly patients. The greater palatine nerve and vessels rooted from greater and lesser palatine foramen, and run through a bony groove to the hard palate. We defined three groove structures: shallow groove, with a depth ranging from 1.5 mm to 3 mm; deep groove, with a depth >3 mm; and flat groove, with a depth <1.5 mm using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and macroscopic observations.MethodsWe investigated 72 donor cadavers using macroscopic segmentation and CBCT. The results analysis examined differences in skull measurement parameters and differences between dentate and edentulous cases.ResultsThe greater palatine artery and nerve showed different macroscopic arrangements in dentate and edentulous cadavers. The deep groove is remarkable in edentulous elderly cadavers.ConclusionIt is supposed that the distribution of the greater palatine nerve and vessels run deeper and more complicated bony groove in elderly maxilla. In planning dental implant surgeries and autogenous bone harvesting, more detailed plan using CBCT is needed to avoid unexpected complication for elder.Support or Funding InformationnoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Sexual differences in costal cartilage size: Implications for facial reconstruction
Authors: Andrews Reed C. , Celuck Tyler J. , Pacurari Paula , Lynch Hannah L. , Ganoe Maria R. , Bender‐Heine Adam N. , Zdilla Matthew J. , Lambert H Wayne 
Published: June 2021

Reconstruction of the face often requires the grafting of costal cartilage. The size of the facial defect determines the size and shape of cartilage needed to be harvested. Because females and males have differing facial size and shape, sex must be taken into consideration with regard to cartilage need. While myriad information exists that describes facial sexual dimorphism, little information exists regarding sexual dimorphism of costal cartilage. Therefore, this study assessed 312 costal cartilages from the most commonly harvested levels (i.e., fifth, sixth, and seventh rib cartilages) from 20 female and 32 male cadaveric ribcages for anatomical comparison. The fifth costal cartilage offers the smallest measurements in terms of area and length (Mean ± SD) for both females (1119 ± 248.8 mm2 and 69.48 ± 10.29 mm) and males (1525 ± 353.1 mm2 and 79.67 ± 14.62 mm). The seventh costal cartilage offers the largest surface area and total length measurements among both sexes (Females: 1836 ± 271.1 mm2 and 123.4 ± 14.62 mm; Males: 2390 ± 409.3 mm2 and 137.5±20.49 mm, respectively). Measurements of male cartilages were consistently larger than those of females in nearly all parameters studied. However, there was no significant difference between the sternum‐to‐curve length of the 5th cartilage (t(50) = 1.579; p = 0.1205) or the rib‐to‐curve length of the 7th cartilage between sexes (t(50) = 0.9609; p = 0.3412). In summary, females can afford, on average, less cartilage to harvest than males. The information provided in this study will aid surgeons in making informed decisions in their pre‐surgical planning of costal cartilage harvesting and grafting.Support or Funding InformationWest Virginia University Initiation to Research Opportunities (WVU – INTRO); WV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06] and [HEPC.dsr.14.13]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Contour of the Mandibular Fossa in the Sagittal Plane
Authors: Teaff Noah J. , Koons Aaron W. , Lynch Hannah L. , Ganoe Maria R. , Lambert H Wayne , Zdilla Matthew J. 
Published: June 2021

The mandibular (glenoid) fossa is of particular importance with regard to the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint. In particular, the anterior aspect of the mandibular fossa, formed by the articular eminence, influences mandibular depression and protrusion. Accordingly, the mandibular fossa and articular eminence are common structures to undergo surgical alteration (e.g. eminectomy). Therefore, this study analyzed the contour of the mandibular fossa in the sagittal plane to improve the understanding of how the native shape of the mandibular fossa may be implicated in the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint. The study assessed a total of 39 mandibular fossae via three‐dimensional models of human crania. The three‐dimensional crania models were manipulated such that the model could be split in the sagittal plane in the center of the mandibular fossa. Two‐dimensional renderings of the sagittal planes bifurcating the mandibular fossae were then utilized to perform geometric morphometric analysis utilizing 15 sliding landmarks spanning from the post‐glenoid tubercle to the apex of the articular eminence. Procrustes superimposition revealed a mean contour that when interpolated is given by the equation y ≈ 12.973x6 − 7.2434x5 − 10.861x4 + 4.2187x3 + 3.2365x2 − 0.3056x − 0.1303. Principle component analysis demonstrates 84.90% of the shape variance within two principle components (PC1=70.56% of variance; PC2=14.34% of variance). Also, the left‐ and right‐sided contours did not differ significantly (Mahalanobis distance=2.305; T2=54.2889; p=0.8042). The information presented here provides insight with regard to the average contour of the mandibular fossa as well as most likely contour variation. Therefore, this information may be applied in the context of joint biomechanics to better understand the function and limitations of the temporomandibular joint.Support or Funding InformationWV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06] and [HEPC.dsr.14.13]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A New Link Between Arthritis and Alzheimer's Disease?
Authors: Squire Michaela , Alkhouli Mustafa F. , Anderson Miranda , Castro Monica , Al‐Nakkash Layla , Broderick Tom L. , Plochocki Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2021

Recently, systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This inflammation has the ability to exacerbate both motor and cognitive symptoms of the disease through increasing amounts of inflammatory markers like TNF‐α and C‐Reactive Protein, as well as amyloid plaque depositions within many areas throughout the body, including articular cartilage of synovial joints. These inflammatory markers and amyloid plaques are related to the development of arthritis. In fact, arthritis is a risk factor for cognitive impairment in the elderly. For this reason, we hypothesize inflammatory mediators associated with the development of AD may also affect articular cartilage metabolism, specifically hypertrophy‐like changes induced by chondrocyte activation by inflammatory cytokines. Here, we compare expression of type X collagen (col10a1), a standard marker for chondrocyte hypertrophy, in tibiofemoral joint articular cartilage of 7‐month‐old male wild type mice with mice of the 3xTg‐AD model for AD. Results show that expression of col10a1 in mice with the Alzheimer's phenotype is significantly reduced in comparison with the wild type mice (P < 0.05). This reduction is consistent with inhibited col10a1 expression by chondrocytes identified in arthritic cartilage. Our exploratory study suggests neurodegenerative and arthritogenic changes identified in many AD patients may be linked to a common systemic inflammatory process, and warrants further investigation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.