bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mb(LgCoda): A stable single station estimator of magnitude
Authors: Mayeda Kevin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStable single-station estimates of magnitude have been made using the 1-Hz Lg coda envelope of regionally recorded nuclear explosions from the Nevada Test Site (NTS). After empirical relations describing the Lg coda envelope were found for each NTS-station path, single station magnitudes based on the Lg coda envelope were made with precision in the range of 0.03 to 0.04 magnitude units, whereas magnitudes based on third peak Lg amplitude, rms Lg amplitude, and Pn amplitude had scatter on the order of 0.15 to 0.2 magnitude units, generally five times larger than the coda scatter. Despite the high station correlations, the magnitude-yield residuals for events above the water table using the network average mb(LgCoda) were only marginally better than the other magnitude estimates, roughly 10% smaller. Magnitude-yield residual for events above the water table between mb(LgCoda) and mb(Lg) are strongly correlated suggesting that the source region properties, such as gas porosity, affect both magnitudes. Using only a single station, the standard deviation for magnitude-yield residuals using mb(LgCoda) were roughly 25% smaller than those derived from mb(Lg) or mb(Pn). These results show that the method is ideally suited to monitoring efforts in sparsely instrumented regions where little is known about the lateral variations of medium properties.
ML:M0 as a regional seismic discriminant
Authors: Woods Bradley B. , Kedar Sharon , Helmberger Donald V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mb:MS ratio determined by teleseismic observations has proven to be an effective discriminant, for explosive sources tend to be significantly richer in short-period energy than are earthquakes. Unfortunately, this method is limited by the detection threshold of teleseismic surface waves. However, recent advances in instrumentation allowing low amplitude surface wave measurements coupled with new analytical techniques make it feasible to use regional waveform data to determine the long-period source excitation level of low magnitude events. We propose using the ratio of ML (local magnitude) to M0 (scalar seismic moment) as an analogous regional discriminant. We applied this criterion to a data set of 299 earthquakes and 178 explosions and found that this ratio seems to be diagnostic of source type. For a given M0, the ML of an explosion is more than 0.5 magnitude units larger than that of an earthquake. This separation of populations with respect to source type can be attributed to the fact that ML is a short-period (1 Hz) energy measurement, whereas seismic moment is determined from long-period body wave phases (period &gt; 4 s) and surface waves (10 to 40 sec). Using regional stations with sources 200 to 600 km away, the effective threshold for magnitude measurements for this discriminant is found to be ML = 3.1 for earthquakes and ML = 3.6 for explosions. This method does require the determination of regional crustal models and path calibrations from master events or by other means.
2-D pseudo-spectral viscoacoustic modeling in a distributed-memory multi-processor computer
Authors: Liao Quingbo , McMechan George A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo pseudo-spectral implementations of 2-D viscoacoustic modeling are developed in a distributed-memory multi-processor computing environment. The first involves simultaneous computation of the response of one model to many source locations and, as it requires no interprocessor communication, is perfectly parallel. The second involves computation of the response, to one source, of a large model that is distributed across all processors. In the latter, local rather than global, Fourier transforms are used to minimize interprocessor communication and to eliminate the need for matrix transposition. In both algorithms, absorbing boundaries are defined as zones of decreased Q as part of the model, and so require no extra computation. An empirical method of determining sets of relaxation times for a broad range of Q values eliminates the need for iterative fitting of Q-frequency curves.
Knowledge-based interpretation of seismic data in the Intelligent Monitoring System
Authors: Bache Thomas C. , Bratt Steven R. , Swanger Henry J. , Beall Gregory W. , Dashiell Frederick K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Intelligent Monitoring System (IMS) provides a new capability for automated and interactive analysis of data to detect and locate seismic events recorded by a network of seismic stations. IMS integrates emerging technologies in artificial intelligence, database management, computer graphics, and distributed processing into an operational system used for routine bulletin production and associated research tasks. The first version of IMS (Bache et al., 1990a,b; Bratt et al., 1990) was designed for detection and location of regional events recorded by the two high-frequency arrays in Norway (NORESS and ARCESS). This has been extensively revised and expanded to become IMS Version 2 which is designed to detect and locate all seismic events recorded by an arbitrary seismic network. Since March 1991 it has been operated continuously to process the data from four high-frequency arrays (adding FINESA in Finland and GERESS in Germany). For some periods data from as many as seven 3-component stations in Eurasia have also been included in the processing. The most important new element is ESAL (Expert System for Association and Location) which interprets signal detections to form and locate seismic events. It is programmed in the ART expert system shell which provides the knowledge representation framework and inference mechanisms for complex and knowledge-rich rule-based reasoning. The current version of ESAL represents knowledge through approximately 200 ART rules that are configured through about 300 user-specified parameters and tables. The IMS architecture and operational procedures are designed to facilitate acquisition of new knowledge for ESAL. Knowledge acquisition methods being used include: Bayesian analysis, training neural-nets, statistical analysis to estimate parameters configuring rules, computing fuzzy-logic membership functions, and formulating new rules. Only the Bayesian probabilities are discussed in detail here. They provide a compact representation of complex knowledge about station-specific differences in phase characteristics. As an example, we describe the rules used for automated identification of detected regional Sn, Lg, and Rg phases. Using a Bayesian analysis technique, we quantify the differences in S-phase characteristics. The data show that they fall into two classes with GERESS distinct from the three Fennoscandia arrays.
3-D simulations of surface wave propagation in the Kanto sedimentary basin, Japan—part 1: Application of the surface wave Gaussian beam method
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Aki Keiiti , Teng Ta-Liang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The goal of this study is to simulate the displacement waveforms of 8 sec-period Love waves observed at Tokyo and Yokohama stations in the Kanto sedimentary basin during the Izu-hanto-toho-oki Earthquake of 29 June 1980 (M0 = 7 × 1025 dyne · cm). The surface wave Gaussian beam method is applied for this purpose. On the basis of the 3-D seismic velocity and density structure of the Kanto basin and assuming that the earth medium is laterally homogeneous outside the Kanto basin, waveforms of Love waves are synthesized. The synthesized seismograms underestimate the observed peak amplitudes at Yokohama station. This is primarily because the station is located in the direction of the nodal plane of the Love-wave radiation. As indicated by Yamanaka et al. (1992), a Quaternary basin exists in the Sagami Bay between the source location and the Kanto basin. We include the Sagami basin in our model by the approximation of a circular low-velocity region. Excellent agreement between observed and synthesized waveforms was achieved not only for amplitude but also for phase for the early parts of the wave trains at both stations. We conclude that the low velocity Quaternary basin in the Sagami Bay acts like a lens to focus surface wave energy resulting in high amplitudes. The later arriving waves, in particular the long duration observed at Tokyo station, however, cannot be adequately explained by this method. One possible reason for the failure of simulating the later phases is that this method disregards the secondary Love waves converted from S-waves and/or surface waves at a laterally discontinuous boundary. Although the surface wave Gaussian beam method cannot adequately predict the duration of observed seismograms, it provides us with a satisfactory prediction of amplitudes and phases for early arrivals in laterally slowly-varying media at drastically lower computation costs and less memory requirements than does other methods.
Source retrieval for deep local earthquakes with broadband records
Authors: Kikuchi Masayuki , Ishida Mizuho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Body wave data recorded at a small network of broadband seismograph stations are analyzed to investigate local events with focal depths deeper than about 50 km. For these events the initial portion of P-wave displacement represents well the source time function with a scaler correction for the seismic moment. The magnitudes of the analyzed earthquakes range from MW = 3.1 to 6.5. It is shown that the seismic moment M0 and the pulse width τ are well correlated as M0/τ3 = constant, indicating that the stress drop is largely constant. This dynamic similarity seems to be valid for a vast range of earthquake sizes: MW = 1 ∼ 8. It is also shown that source complexity such as a multiple shock nature is not a characteristic of only large earthquakes but is often observed even for small earthquakes.
Comparison of earthquake recurrence-rate estimates using the Gumbel and Gutenberg-Richter formulae
Authors: Howel B. F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne thousand earthquakes distributed according to Gutenberg and Richter's formula, log N = 6 − M, were assumed to occur during a 50-yr period. Various fractions were assumed to be overlooked, and randomly distributed errors were added to their magnitudes. These data were used to calculate the expected recurrence rates of large earthquakes using methods developed by Gumbel and by Gutenberg and Richter. Although the method of Gutenberg and Richter leads to a more accurate estimation of recurrence rates with ideal data, when the data are incomplete and reported magnitudes contain errors, Gumbel's method sometimes leads to a more accurate estimate.
Correlation ER/PR status of Breast Carcinoma with Tumor size, Tumor grade, Lymphovascular emboli, Lymph node metastasis and the distant metastasis
Authors: Mane Vaibhav , Anand Nekta , Wakkar Darshana 
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in females in the world and is the second most common cancer in India after cervical cancer. The breast cancer is second most common reason of loss of existence in each developed and additionally most of the growing countries. For the appraisal of prognosis of breast cancer commonly followed is the NOTTINGHAM PROGNOSTIC INDEX (NPI) which includes- tumor size, histological tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and hormone receptor status. These prognostic component help in administration and therapeutic requirement of breast cancer patient.1. To study the MRM specimens for size, grade of the tumor, LVI and LN metastases and the ER/PR receptors of the tumor. 2.To study the association of ER/PR status with the above mentioned prognostic parameters.This three-year study includes 50 histopathologically confirmed cases of carcinoma breast. The tumor type, grade, LNM, LVE were reported on H & E. The ER-PR study was done of all 50 cases. The tumor size, grade, NM, LVE were correlated with receptor status.Out of 50 cases majority (7.5%) of cases were in 41-50 years of age group, and tumor size was between 2-4 cm in (17.5%) cases; majority were of grade II carcinoma (17.5%) of which 13% were ER-PR positive. Out of 35 cases with negative LNM and LVE, 26 cases (13%) were ER-PR positive.In our observation there is no association between higher histological grade and ER-PR status. No obvious correlation with tumor size was noted. But increase in tumor size could also be a poor predictor of ER-PR status. LNM, LVE is poor predictor of ER-PR status.
Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Use in Cardiogenic Shock and High-Risk Percutaneous Intervention.
Authors: Sarwar Usman , Bardia Nikky , Amritphale Amod , Tahir Hassan , M.Awan MD Ghulam 
Published: September 2021

Statistical data has shown that patients now treated in cardiac catheterization laboratories are older with several comorbidities, including renal failure, diabetes, and heart failure [1]. In past patients who were not suitable candidates for percutaneous coronary intervention due to their numerous comorbidities now seems to be a suitable candidate due to tremendous advancements in the field of interventional cardiology like new stent design and availability of advance mechanical circulatory support devices, i.e., Impella performing PCI on these high-risk patients become a viable option. There are two areas of cardiology in which mechanical circulatory support devices keep evolving: one is high-risk (percutaneous coronary intervention) PCI, and the other is a cardiogenic shock that is refractory to initial pressor support.
In this article, we review evidence base data regarding the use of mechanical circulatory support devices in high-risk percutaneous intervention and cardiogenic shock.
Impacts of Transformational and Laissez-Faire Leadership in Health
Authors: Khan Ahmad , Tidman Dr. Melanie M. 
Published: September 2021

The health care industry is continuously developing, and constant leadership must maintain high-quality care to patients. Applying certain leadership styles is critical in developing, aligning and fabricating a pathway to effective and reliable care. Leaders can improve their subordinates’ performance, work behavior, and communication of their subordinates through the application of different styles of leadership. The two styles of leadership under investigation in this paper are transformational leadership and laissez-faire leadership.
In health care organizations, transformational leadership improves the quality and safety of patient care. Furthermore, transformation enhances staff commitment to organizational goals. In contrast, Laissez-faire leadership is not an ideal style in health care facilities. Laissez-faire leadership increases stress levels, anxiety, and staff turnover rates. As a result, the higher level of stress among staff leads to medical errors, a higher rate of staff turnovers, and suboptimal care to care for patients. Each leadership style has its strengths and weaknesses; leaders need to apply the appropriate leadership style to improve health care quality, patient safety, teamwork, and increase staff motivation and commitment to reduce adverse events in health care facilities.
Zmiana parametrów zaczynu cementowego w obecności kopolimeru butadienowo-styrenowo-amidowego
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kątna Ewa 
Published: September 2021

Wodna dyspersja kopolimeru butadienowo-styrenowo-amidowego z zastosowaniem środków modyfikujących to najczęściej wykorzystywany rodzaj lateksu w branży wiertniczej. Zaczyny cementowe zawierające ten dodatek nazywane są zaczynami lateksowymi. Zawierają one w składzie od kilku do kilkudziesięciu procent lateksu. Dodatek lateksu do zaczynu w ilości nieprzekraczającej 10% zwykle nie wpływa na właściwości mechaniczne związanego zaczynu cementowego, ale zapobiega migracji gazu. Przy zawartości mniejszej od około 5% masy cementu lateks nie ma znaczącego wpływu na plastyczność. Ilość stosowanego w zaczynie lateksu wpływa na parametry technologiczne decydujące o efektywności uszczelnienia. W związku z tym niezbędne jest prowadzenie badań wpływu zmiany parametrów zaczynu wynikającej z zastosowania dodatku kopolimeru butadienowo-styrenowo-amidowego. W niniejszym artykule, na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych, przedstawione zostały receptury zmodyfikowanych zaczynów cementowych, które charakteryzują się zwiększoną ilością lateksu. Zawartość tego materiału dochodzi do 20%, natomiast w celu doszczelnienia matrycy płaszcza cementowego zastosowano również mikrocement w ilości 50%. Przeprowadzono analizę właściwości technologicznych sporządzonych zaczynów cementowych w przedziale temperatur od 25°C do 60°C. Głównym celem stosowania w zaczynach cementowych dodatku lateksu i mikrocementu jest minimalizowanie lub wyeliminowanie zjawiska migracji gazu oraz powstrzymanie procesu tworzenia się kanałów gazowych w strukturze wiążącego zaczynu cementowego. Przedstawione w publikacji wyniki badań przyczyniają się do projektowania nowych receptur przeznaczonych do uszczelniania otworów w warunkach podwyższonego ryzyka wystąpienia migracji gazu. Tego rodzaju zaczyny mogą być używane do uszczelniania rur okładzinowych w otworach wiertniczych w różnych warunkach geologiczno-złożowych, przy temperaturze do 60°C i ciśnieniu do około 40 MPa.
Role of Melatonin as a Survival Factor for In vitro Development of Sheep Preantral Follicles
Authors: Kumar C. Chetan , Naik B. Rambabu , Kumar A.V.N. Siva , Ravi A. , Reddy L.S.S. Varaprasad , Pathipati Deepa 
Published: September 2021

Background: Melatonin, a powerful free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant may directly affect ovarian function by regulating folliculogenesis, maintenance of follicular integrity, oocyte quality and maturation capacity. Therefore, we aimed to study effects of melatonin and its interaction with growth factors in sheep preantral follicles. Methods: The influence of different concentrations of Melatonin (5-500 pM) on in vitro culture of preantral follicles (PFs’) isolated from sheep ovaries was studied. Experiments I and II were conducted to standardize the optimum concentration of Melatonin that supports better development of preantral follicles. Experiment III was conducted with the optimum level of Melatonin derived in the Experiments I and II to evaluate the effect of melatonin at 100pM in combination with various growth factors. Result: Overall follicular development was found to be the best in the PFs’ cultured in medium supplemented with 100pM of Melatonin. Melatonin supplementation showed positive effects on the preantral follicular development in combination with different growth factors.
Yield of Spring Grown Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Different Doses of Soil Applied Phosphorus in An Agroecology of Semi-arid Highlands with Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Soysal Sipan 
Published: September 2021

Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorus doses on the flowering, yield and yield components of spring grown chickpea crop under the ecological conditions of Siirt province in the experimental field of Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department during two seasons in 2018 and 2019. Methods: The study was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Before planting, 140 kg ha-1 of DAP fertilizer (18.46.0) was spreaded and incorporated into the soil with a rake. Following emergence of plants, TSP fertilizer (0.42.0) was spreaded to the plots at doses of 0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1 P2O5 into the mellow humid soil. Result: All observed parameters were effected from phosphorus application doses. Based on different P doses, two years’ average plant height, first pod height; main branch number, flower number per plant, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, 100 grain weight and grain yield values were determined as 51,25-55,91 cm; 29,17-35,98 cm; 2,10-2,97 piece plant-1; 39,00-57,86 piece plant-1; 18,87-27,92 piece plant-1; 18,00-27,33 piece plant-1; 29,92-33,41 g and 969-1565 kg ha-1, respectively. Highest values for all parameters were obtained from 60 kg ha-1 P2O5 but further dose (60 kg ha-1 P2O5) resulted with reduction from top values for all parameters.
Directiveness in tutor talk
Authors: Carstens Adelia , Rambiritich Avasha 
Published: September 2021

The reigning orthodoxy in writing centres has been to avoid directive approaches and embrace non-directive approaches to tutoring. Although this ‘myth has been debunked by various writing centre scholars since the late 1990s, many guidebooks on tutoring still adhere to it. We believe that theory-led empirical research on tutor approaches and actions is necessary to demonstrate the situation-dependent efficacy of directive approaches, and thereby dispel the myth that a peer role is preferred to a teacherly role. This paper starts addressing the need for theory-led empirical research on directiveness by applying theories of linguistic pragmatics to analyze writing centre consultations, and assist writing centre tutors to develop a critical awareness of both their actions and students’ responses. First, an overview is given of the description of directiveness in the writing centre literature. This is followed by an overview of micro- and macropragmatic theories on speech acts in linguistics, and suggestions on how they may be applied to better understand the role of directiveness in writing centre consultations. This is followed by an overview of present research project, and an analysis of two excerpts (speech events) from a particular consultation. The article is concluded by a reflection on the findings, and suggestions are made on how to apply them towards improving writing centre pedagogy at the institution where the research was conducted.
Patterns of Guidance in Panti Sosial Bina Wanita Melati as a Learning Resource on Social Studies
Authors: Maimunah Maimunah , Winarso Heru Puji , Jumriani Jumriani 
Published: September 2021

Kesejahteraan sosial merupakan suatu keadaan terpenuhinya kebutuhan hidup yang layak bagi masyarakat, Pemerintah berperan penting dalam menciptakan kesejahteraan di masyarakat diantaranya dengan melalui pelayanan sosial. Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati tidak hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai wadah untuk menampung para wanita, selain itu pada aspek pembelajaran hal tersebut juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Mendeskripsikan pola bimbingan keterkaitan pola bimbingan di Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati di Banjarbaru sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan data didapatkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah didapat kemudian direduksi dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi dilengkapi dengan gambar dan tabel relevansi materi sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar lalu kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Keabsahan data melalui perpanjangan pengamatan, triangulasi sumber dan waktu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa: 1) Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan menjadi unit pelaksana teknis yang dibangun bertujuan untuk Terwujudnya kesetaraan dan kemandirian wanita rawan sosial ekonomi (WRSE) agar dapat berperan aktif dalam pembangunan bermasyarakat; 2) Pola bimbingan di Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati di Banjarbaru dapat dilihat adanya bimbingan fisik, bimbingan mental spiritual, bimbingan sosial,dan bimbingan keterampilan; 3) Keterkaitan pola bimbingan di Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati di Banjarbaru sebagai sumber belajar IPS pada materi Interaksi Sosial di kelas VII.