bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pro‐inflammatory microRNA miR‐155 influences fibrillar β‐Amyloid1‐42 catabolism by microglia
Authors: Aloi Macarena S. , Prater Katherine E. , Sopher Bryce , Davidson Stephanie , Jayadev Suman , Garden Gwenn A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicroglia are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system that adopt rapid functional changes in response to Damage Associated Molecular Patterns, including aggregated β‐Amyloid (Aβ) found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). microRNAs (miRNAs) are post‐transcriptional modulators that influence the timing and magnitude of microglia inflammatory responses by downregulating the expression of inflammatory effectors. Recent studies implicate miR‐155, a miRNA known to regulate inflammatory responses, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including multiple sclerosis, ALS, familial Parkinson's disease, and AD. In this work, we asked if miR‐155 expression in microglia modifies cellular behaviors in response to fibrillar Aβ1‐42 (fAβ1‐42), in vitro. We hypothesized that in microglia, miR‐155 expression would impact the internalization and catabolism of extracellular fAβ1‐42. Primary microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide demonstrate fast upregulation of miR‐155 followed by delayed upregulation of miR‐146a, an anti‐inflammatory miRNA. Conditional overexpression of miR‐155 in microglia resulted in significant upregulation of miR‐146a. Conditional deletion of miR‐155 promoted transit of fAβ1‐42 to low‐pH compartments where catabolism occurs, while miR‐155 overexpression decreases fAβ1‐42 catabolism. Uptake of fAβ1‐42 across the plasma membrane increased with both up and downregulation of miR‐155 expression. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that inflammatory signaling influences the ability of microglia to catabolize fAβ1‐42 through interconnected mechanisms modulated by miR‐155. Understanding how miRNAs modulate the ability of microglia to catabolize fAβ1‐42 will further elucidate the role of cellular players and molecular crosstalk in AD pathophysiology.
The economic theory of cost‐effectiveness thresholds in health: Domestic and international implications
Authors: Moradpour Javad , Hollis Aidan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic health insurers often use an implicit or explicit cost‐effectiveness threshold to determine which health products and services should be insured. We challenge the convention of a single threshold. For competitively provided products and services, prices are determined by cost; but for products with market power, patentees will increase the price according to the perceived threshold. As a result, a change in the threshold affects the prices of all patented products, including those which would have been developed even at a lower threshold. The insurer can increase efficiency by reducing the threshold for patented products, even accounting for the effect on innovation. We also model a multi‐country setting, in which thresholds for patented products will fall below the globally cooperative solution because each country does not recognize the positive externality of its own spending on innovative medicines. We show that this tragedy of the commons problem can be partly corrected through referencing other countries' thresholds, but only when the countries have similar willingness to pay.
Experimental speciation study of natural gas oxidation using a single pulse shock tube
Authors: Mehta Jai M. , Brezinsky Kenneth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn experimental shock tube study of natural gas (NG) oxidation for several NG samples was carried out at nominal reaction pressures of 50–60 atm and temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1750 K over a nominal reaction time of 2.5 ms. As NG has no standard specified composition, various samples of NGs taken from the gas supply system across the United States were studied near stoichiometric conditions. In addition, a speciation study at equivalence ratios ranging from fuel lean (φ ≈ 0.5) to pyrolysis of a representative NG sample was carried out to provide a comprehensive but nonexhaustive set of experimental data, which will be useful in optimizing chemical kinetic models for NG. Temperature‐dependent species yields measured in these experiments were compared with predictions from four well established chemical kinetic models. The agreement with model predictions was found to be largely inconsistent from experiment to experiment, reinforcing the need for optimization of models using comprehensive experimental data before their use predicting the oxidation products of NG.
Development of a Mechanically Strong Nondegradable Protein Hydrogel with a Sponge‐Like Morphology
Authors: Wang Ya , Fu Rongzhan , Ma Xiaoxuan , Li Xian , Fan Daidi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProtein‐based hydrogels are important functional materials with many potential applications. However, the relatively small pore size and poor mechanical properties substantially limit their application. Here a superporous bovine serum albumin (BSA) hydrogel is prepared with high porosity and interconnectivity by using BSA and 1,2,7,8‐diepoxyoctane (DEO). The equilibrium water contents of hydrogels can reach 76.5%. Moreover, the BSA hydrogels show excellent mechanical properties and excellent deformation recoverability, with a maximum compression modulus of 50 MPa at 75% strain and no residual strain generated after 500 cyclic compression tests. The resulting BSA hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility for cell adherence and is nonbiodegradable for 40 weeks. More importantly, the BSA hydrogel exhibits excellent hemostatic ability, with hemostatic times in a rabbit ear artery and rabbit liver of 33 and 28 s, respectively. Therefore, BSA hydrogels have potential applications as painless nonadherent wound dressings and implant materials for plastic surgery.
First reported case of Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (Malattia Leventinese/autosomal dominant drusen) in Scandinavia
Authors: Sheyanth Inger Norlyk , Lolas Ihab Bishara , Okkels Henrik , Kiruparajan Ligor Pradeep , Abildgaard Søren Kromann , Petersen Michael Bjørn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDoyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD)/malattia leventinese (ML) is an autosomal dominant, progressive retinal disorder characterized by massive central retinal drusen often partly coalescent forming a characteristic honeycomb‐like pattern. Debut of vision loss often occurs in early to mid‐adulthood, and the degree varies. A single variant in EFEMP1: c.1033C>T (R345W) has been identified as the cause in all cases.MethodsFollowing DNA isolation, exome sequencing was performed in seven genes associated with flecked retina. Direct sequencing was used for variant verification.ResultsWe report the first Scandinavian case of molecular genetically verified DHRD/ML: a 57‐year‐old woman debuting with vision loss and metamorphopsia. On both eyes, ophthalmological findings included massive hard drusen in the macular region and nasal to the optic disc as well as macular hyperpigmentation. Secondary choroidal neovascularizations were identified on both eyes, and anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor was administered, without effect.ConclusionMolecular genetic investigation revealed heterozygosity for the known pathogenic missense variant in EFEMP1: c.1033C>T (R345W) previously reported in relation to DHRD/ML. Family history revealed no other cases of similar visual impairment suggesting a de novo mutation. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the unique DHRD/ML haplotypes reported in the literature and our patient.
Bimetallic Pd/Sn‐based Nanoparticles and their Catalytic Properties in the Semihydrogenation of Diphenylacetylene
Authors: Dietrich Christine , Chen Si , Uzunidis Georgios , Hähsler Martin , Träutlein Yannick , Behrens Silke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultimetallic nanoparticles often enhance the catalytic performance of their monometallic counterparts by increasing reaction rates, catalyst selectivity, and/or stability. A prerequisite for understanding structure‐ and composition‐associated properties, however, is the careful design of multimetallic nanoparticles with various structures and compositions. Here, bimetallic Pd/Sn‐based nanoparticles are prepared with a tunable composition and structure exploiting ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction medium (i. e., methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). The nanoparticles are obtained in a one‐pot synthetic procedure by reducing the metal salt precursors with triethylborohydride in the IL. The results show that the reaction parameters, in particular the nature and ratio of the Pd2+/Sn2+ precursors as well as the reaction temperature, influence NP formation and composition. X‐ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis and transmission electron microscopy are employed to determine NP size and phase composition. Under optimized reaction conditions Pd2Sn or PdSn nanocrystals are formed as single‐phase products after introducing an additional annealing step at 200 °C. Nanocrystals with intermetallic composition reveal enhanced catalytic properties in the semihydrogenation of diphenylacetylene which was used as a model reaction.
Effect of severe renal impairment on pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of lemborexant
Authors: Landry Ishani , Aluri Jagadeesh , Hall Nancy , Filippov Gleb , Dayal Satish , Moline Margaret , Reyderman Larisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of severe renal impairment (SRI) on the pharmacokinetics of lemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of insomnia. A phase 1 multicenter, single‐dose, open‐label, parallel‐group study was conducted in subjects with SRI not requiring dialysis (estimated glomerular filtration rate 15–29 ml/min/1.73 m2; n = 8) compared with demographically matched healthy subjects with normal renal function (n = 8). Plasma levels of lemborexant and its metabolites were measured over 240 h following a single oral 10‐mg dose administered in the morning. Relative to subjects with normal renal function, lemborexant maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was similar, whereas area under the plasma concentration–time curve from zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC(0‐t)) and AUC from zero to infinity (AUC(0‐inf)) were about 1.5‐fold higher in subjects with SRI. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) were 104.8 (77.4–142.0), 150.5 (113.2–200.3), and 149.8 (113.1–198.6) for Cmax, AUC(0‐t), and AUC(0‐inf), respectively. In both groups, the median lemborexant time to Cmax (tmax) was 1 h, and the mean unbound fraction of lemborexant was ~7%. For the M4, M9, and M10 metabolites, Cmax was reduced ~20% and exposure (AUC(0‐t) and AUC(0‐inf)) was ~1.4‐ to 1.5‐fold higher in subjects with SRI versus healthy subjects; tmax was delayed ~1.5–2 h for M4 and M10. All treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild or moderate. Lemborexant pharmacokinetics were not sufficiently altered to warrant a dose adjustment for subjects with renal impairment.
Effects of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment on non‐SARS‐CoV2 viral infections: A systematic review of clinical studies
Authors: Cui Xizhong , Sun Junfeng , Minkove Samuel J. , Li Yan , Cooper Diane , Couse Zoe , Eichacker Peter Q. , Torabi‐Parizi Parizad 
Published: March 2021

SummaryChloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used as antiviral agents for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) infection. We performed a systematic review to examine whether prior clinical studies that compared the effects of CQ and HCQ to a control for the treatment of non‐SARS‐CoV2 infection supported the use of these agents in the present SARS‐CoV2 outbreak. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science (PROSPERO CRD42020183429) were searched from inception through 2 April 2020 without language restrictions. Of 1766 retrieved reports, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria, including 17 prospective controlled studies and one retrospective study. CQ or HCQ were compared to control for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis (EBV, n = 4), warts (human papillomavirus, n = 2), chronic HIV infection (n = 6), acute chikungunya infection (n = 1), acute dengue virus infection (n = 2), chronic HCV (n = 2), and as preventive measures for influenza infection (n = 1). Survival was not evaluated in any study. For HIV, the virus that was most investigated, while two early studies suggested HCQ reduced viral levels, four subsequent ones did not, and in two of these CQ or HCQ increased viral levels and reduced CD4 counts. Overall, three studies concluded CQ or HCQ were effective; four concluded further research was needed to assess the treatments' effectiveness; and 11 concluded that treatment was ineffective or potentially harmful. Prior controlled clinical trials with CQ and HCQ for non‐SARS‐CoV2 viral infections do not support these agents' use for the SARS‐CoV2 outbreak.
Cyclic behaviour of laterally skewed special moment frame connections having composite concrete slabs
Authors: Dominguez Damaso , Prinz Gary S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents a numerical investigation into the cyclic performance of skewed special moment frame (SMF) connections that include composite concrete slabs. The study uses advanced finite element simulations to investigate the behaviour of shallow (W14×), medium (W24×) and deep (W33×) steel column sections with three levels of beam skew (10, 20 and 30 degrees) for both bare‐steel and composite (steel‐concrete) construction. To account for complex torsional boundary conditions that may affect the skewed connection response, prequalification‐type analyses were conducted considering the middle storey of a three‐storey, two‐way moment frame configuration. In the analyses, all skewed configurations achieved at least 0.04 rad of connection rotation during the cyclic loading protocol prior to a 20 % reduction in moment capacity. When a composite concrete slab was added, column twisting and column flange yielding increased at large skew angles (30 degrees) during positive moment cycles.
Effects of cyclic carbonation and chloride ingress on durability properties of mortars containing Trass and Pumice natural pozzolans
Authors: Kazemian Maziar , Sedighi Saeed , Ramezanianpour Ali Akbar , Bahman‐Zadeh Farnaz , Ramezanianpour Amir Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith an increase in CO2 emission, corrosion of reinforcement as a result of carbonation has become more significant to researchers besides corrosion due to chloride ion ingress. Many structures are exposed to coupled effects of carbonation and chloride attack; therefore, investigating the effect of this combined attack on the durability of concrete is a vital subject. Also, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) has become more common due to their contribution to concrete's properties. In this study, the combined effect of chloride attack and carbonation on the durability of mortars containing SCMs was studied. Two natural pozzolans (Pumice and Trass) were used as cement replacements in mortar mixtures with three w/b ratios of 0.485, 0.44, and 0.4. Four exposure conditions, namely normal (immersed in lime‐saturated water), chloride attack, carbonation, and cyclic carbonation and chloride attack were considered. Compressive strength, carbonation and chloride penetration depth, capillary water absorption, surface electrical resistivity, and chloride diffusion tests were performed. The results indicate that while carbonation depth is reduced in the combined attack environment, it imposed a more severe corrosive condition in comparison to pure immersion in saline water by increasing the diffusion coefficient up to 500%. Also, addition of pozzolans showed the potential to reduce the diffusion coefficient of the mortars as much as 76% pointing out that mortars without pozzolans were more vulnerable to this combined attack environment. Furthermore, cement replacement with Trass and reduction of w/b showed to be beneficial in reducing the destructive effects of the combined environment.
Factors associated with owned‐dogs’ vaccination against rabies: A household survey in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Authors: Savadogo Madi , Tialla Dieudonné , Ouattara Boris , Dahourou Laibané D. , Ossebi Walter , Ilboudo Sidwatta G. , Combari Alima H. B. , Tarnagda Zékiba , Alambedji Rianatou B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCanine vaccination is an effective means for rabies control, a minimum of 70% dog rabies vaccination coverage is required in endemic areas. According to previous investigations, this recommended coverage is always not achieved in Burkina Faso. This study was carried out to investigate reasons for poor vaccination coverage in canine population. Using a structured questionnaires, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in the city of Bobo Dioulasso to capture data on drivers that affect dog owners’ individual decision to vaccinate or not their dogs. Through a house‐to‐house approach, 239 questionnaires were administrated to dog owners during face to face interviews. The results indicated dog rabies vaccination coverage of 25.9%. Dog breed, origin and confinement status had a significant association with vaccination status (p < 0.05). Owners of exotic and cross‐bred dogs were more likely to adopt vaccination compared to owners of local‐bred dogs. Dogs of bought origin were significantly more likely to be vaccinated among all dogs. Household characteristics including age of owners, level of education, employment status, means of transportation, perception of vaccination cost and level of knowledge about rabies were significantly associated with the vaccination status (p < 0.05). The oldest dog owners, the owners having high level of education, having a car as means of transportation, having good knowledge of rabies and dog rabies vaccination, being employed and perceiving vaccination cost as affordable were more likely to vaccinate their dogs. Combining community awareness and free dog rabies vaccination approaches could improve the vaccination coverage.
Hot melt extrusion: An emerging manufacturing method for slow and sustained protein delivery
Authors: Zheng Yi , Pokorski Jonathan K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of new therapeutic protein products (TPPs) have been approved by the FDA and many others are under pre‐clinical and clinical evaluation. A major limitation of biopharmaceuticals is their limited half‐life when administered systemically. A one‐time, implantable, sustained protein delivery device would be advantageous in order to improve the quality of life of patients. Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a mature technology that has been extensively used for a broad spectrum of applications in the polymer and pharmaceutical industry and has achieved success as evidenced by a variety of FDA‐approved commercial products. These commercial products are mostly for sustained delivery of small molecule therapeutics, leaving a significant gap for HME formulation of therapeutic proteins. With the increasing need of sustained TPP delivery, HME shows promise as a downstream processing method due to its high efficiency and economic value. Several challenges remain for the application of HME in protein delivery. Progress of HME for protein delivery, challenges encountered, and potential solutions will be detailed in this review article.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Empowerment and Health Promotion in Hospitals
Authors: Tveiten Sidsel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHealth promotion in hospitals may be an unusual concept to many—experience seems to show that public health and health promotion are considered to be the remit of the local authority. However, hospitals also have responsibility for health promotion. This chapter enlightens empowerment as a concept, a process and an outcome and relates empowerment to health and health promotion in hospitals. Supervision as an empowerment-based intervention is described. The central principles of empowerment can be connected with the central elements of the theory of salutogenesis, recognising patients’ self-consciousness and participation as described at the end of the chapter.
Health Promotion Among Individuals Facing Chronic Illness: The Unique Contribution of the Bodyknowledging Program
Authors: Heggdal Kristin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter offers an oversight of the concept of chronic illness and the meaning of health promotion in this context. Bodyknowledging is a theory describing patients’ process of health promotion in chronic illness that has been used as a theoretical frame for a new health intervention; the Bodyknowledging Program (BKP). This program is outlined as the aim of BKP is to activate and strengthen patients’ resources for health in chronic illness. Outcomes for patients and implications for practice are discussed.
Anhang
Authors: Baum Sarah , Elsasser Peter , Ermisch Nils , Goetzke Roland , Henseler Martin , Hoymann Jana , Kreins Peter , Weller Priska 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 7 werden die betrachteten Maßnahmen detailliert beschrieben, ihr Beitrag zu den untersuchten Strategien Klimaschutz, Bioenergie, Natur- und Umweltschutz sowie Klimaanpassung eingeordnet und die zentralen Modellannahmen dargelegt. Für den Sektor Forstwirtschaft werden auch die verwendeten Maßnahmenvarianten für die Simulation der Strategien veranschaulicht.
Die offiziellen Statistiken zu Forschung, Entwicklung und Innovation
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Möglichkeit, Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Innovation zu messen, stellen die offiziellen Statistiken zu FuE und Innovation dar. In diesem Kapitel werden die Vorgehensweisen beider Erhebungen kurz aufgezeigt.
Monetäre Indikatoren
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die FuE-Ausgaben bzw. FuE-Aufwendungen als Indikatoren der FuE-Erhebung und der Innovationserhebung genutzt. Vorteile monetärer Indikatoren sind (1) Anwendbarkeit in allen Sektoren, (2) vollständige und überschneidungsfreie Erfassung aller FuE-Aktivitäten einschließlich der erfolglosen Forschung, (3) Aggregierbarkeit und (4) Kompatibilität mit anderen Erhebungen. In Form von Steckbriefen werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften und Anwendungsgebiete der Indikatoren beschrieben.
Drittmittel
Authors: Kladroba Andreas , Buchmann Tobias , Friz Katharina , Lange Marcel , Wolf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die Drittelmittelzuweisung und die Drittmittelherkunft als Indikatoren genutzt und es wird auf Probleme hingewiesen, die damit einhergehen können. In Form von Steckbriefen werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften und Anwendungsgebiete der Indikatoren beschrieben.
Entropy bound and unitarity of scattering amplitudes
Authors: Dvali Gia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We establish that unitarity of scattering amplitudes imposes universal entropy bounds. The maximal entropy of a self-sustained quantum field object of radius R is equal to its surface area and at the same time to the inverse running coupling α evaluated at the scale R. The saturation of these entropy bounds is in one-to-one correspondence with the non-perturbative saturation of unitarity by 2 → N particle scattering amplitudes at the point of optimal truncation. These bounds are more stringent than Bekenstein’s bound and in a consistent theory all three get saturated simultaneously. This is true for all known entropy-saturating objects such as solitons, instantons, baryons, oscillons, black holes or simply lumps of classical fields. We refer to these collectively as saturons and show that in renormalizable theories they behave in all other respects like black holes. Finally, it is argued that the confinement in SU(N) gauge theory can be understood as a direct consequence of the entropy bounds and unitarity.