bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The critical role of direct observation in entrustment decisions
Authors: Sibbald Matthew , Mansoor Muqtasid , Tsang Michael , Blissett Sarah , Norman Geoffrey 
Published: June 2021

Background: Entrustment decisions may be retrospective (based on past experiences with a trainee) or real-time (based on direct observation). We investigated judgments of entrustment based on assessor prior knowledge of candidates and based on systematic direct observation, conducted in an objective structured clinical exam (OSCE).
Methods: Sixteen faculty examiners provided 287 retrospective and real-time entrustment ratings of 16 cardiology trainees during OSCE stations in 2019 and 2020. Reliability and validity of these ratings were assessed by comparing correlations across stations as a measure of reliability, differences across postgraduate years as an index of construct validity, correlation to standardized in-training exam (ITE) as a measure of criterion validity, and reclassification of entrustment as a measure of consequential validity.
Results: Both retrospective and real-time assessments were highly reliable (all intra-class correlations >0.86). Both increased with year of postgraduate training. Real-time entrustment ratings were significantly correlated with standardized ITE scores; retrospective ratings were not. Real-time ratings explained 37% (2019) and 46% (2020) of variance in examination scores vs. 21% (2019) and 7% (2020) for retrospective ratings. Direct observation resulted in a different level of entrustment compared with retrospective ratings in 44% of cases (p = <0.001).
Conclusions: Ratings based on direct observation made unique contributions to entrustment decisions.
Comparative Analysis Of Students’ Perceptions In Modular Distance Learning Approach Versus Face-To-Face Learning Approach Of Mindanao State University – Sulu
Authors: Salamuddin Altamir 
Published: June 2021

Teaching approach gives significant to the teaching-learning process for both teachers and students. Thus, the students’ learning depends on what the school’s application of most effective and attainable teaching approach especially in the time of covid-19 pandemic.
With the implementation of the new normal education, the difficulties encountered among stakeholders because of an alternative learning delivery – modular distance learning being applied in order to facilitate and to continue to serve the good education in different schools in the country Philippines. With this, the study sought to determine the perceptions of the students in Mindanao State University –Sulu regarding their experiences during face-to-face learning approach and modular distance learning approach, to ascertain the factors that can affect face-to-face learning and modular learning as perceived by the students of Mindanao State University-Sulu. This also aimed to find out the significant difference of students’ perceptions in the two learning approach.
This study utilized random sampling technique through launching a survey questionnaire in assessing the perceptions of the students in Mindanao State University –Sulu by at least ten percent of the total number of enrollees from the seven departments existing in the university campus academic year 2020-2021.
The findings of this study revealed that students agreed that face-to-face learning approach gives significant and had much contribution to their learning while they have disagreed on modular distance learning approach. They also believed that there are factors can affect their learning either in face-to-face and during modular learning. There is a significant difference of students’ perceptions in face-to-face learning approach and modular distance learning approach that resulted to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
This study recommended that principal/director should encourage and motivate the subordinates to achieve a certain task for the good of their school. He/she should conduct an orientation program to inform parents that they are partners of teachers in education in time of crisis. Principal/director should also be responsible for interacting with teachers, representative of other school, and other stakeholders to acquire the various materials and resources for the teachers and students. There should be a training/seminar programs for the benefits of his/her subordinates in achieving school’s goals. He/she should also give clear instructions to the teachers, parents that their primary role during Modular is to establish a connection and guide the students. Lastly, he/she should encourage teachers to adopt modular even during face-to-face classes.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATION TO OTHER TYPES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Скворцова Татьяна Александровна , Сорокин Владислав Андреевич 
Published: June 2021

Предметом данной статьи является анализ понятия предпринимательской деятельности и определение соотношения предпринимательской деятельности с иными видами экономической деятельности. Исследована легальная дефиниция «предпринимательская деятельность» и определены признаки, отграничивающие данный вид деятельности от других разновидностей экономической активности.
The subject of this article is the analysis of the concept of entrepreneurial activity and the determination of the ratio of entrepreneurial activity with other types of economic activity. The legal definition of "entrepreneurial activity" is studied and the features that distinguish this type of activity from other types of economic activity are determined.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MINERAL WATERS OF NORTH OSSETIA
Authors: Кубалова Людмила Муратовна , Сланова Дарья Александровна 
Published: June 2021

В работе представлен сравнительный анализ минеральных вод Северной Осетии, относящихся к различным бальнеологическим группам.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the mineral waters of North Ossetia belonging to different balneological groups.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA DỊCH TRÍCH CÂY TỪ BI (BLUMÉA BALSAMIFERA) LÊN SỰ ỨC CHẾ HÌNH THÀNH TINH THỂ CALCIUM OXALATE GÂY BỆNH SỎI THẬN TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN IN VITRO
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Pham , Lam Bang Hong , Tu Nguyen Pham , Nguyen Le Thao , Tai Tran Duc 
Published: June 2021

Nghiên cứu “Ảnh hưởng của dịch trích cây Từ bi (Bluméa balsamifera) lên sự ức chế hình thành tinh thể Calcium oxalate gây bệnh sỏi thận trong điều kiện in vitro” được thực hiện để đánh giá khả năng ức chế tinh thể Calcium oxalate, gồm ba giai đoạn chính là hình thành, phát triển, và ngưng tụ. Mẫu cây Từ bi được ly trích bằng phương pháp ngâm dầm với ethanol 80,00% để tạo cao chiết. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, độ ẩm của mẫu đạt 82,83%, và hiệu suất cao chiết đạt 5,79%. Cao chiết cây Từ bi có sự hiện diện của các hợp chất flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, tanin, và phenol. Cao chiết cây Từ bi có khả năng ức chế hình thành hạt nhân tinh thể Calcium oxalate với giá trị IC50 là 4,25 mg/mL. Cao chiết cây Từ bi có hiệu quả ức chế sự phát triển của tinh thể Calcium oxalate và giá trị IC50 của cao chiết đạt 2,99 mg/mL. Cuối cùng, cao chiết là cây Từ bi có khả năng ức chế ngưng tụ của tinh thể Calcium oxalate và giá trị IC50 đạt 2,56 mg/mL.
Multiband Transit Follow-up Observations of Five Hot Jupiters with Critical Noise Treatments: Improved Physical Properties
Authors: Saha Suman , Chakrabarty Aritra , Sengupta Sujan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The most challenging limitation in transit photometry arises from the noises in the photometric signal. In particular, the ground-based telescopes are heavily affected by the noise due to perturbation in the Earth’s atmosphere. Use of telescopes with large apertures can improve the photometric signal-to-noise ratio to a great extent. However, detecting a transit signal out of a noisy light curve of the host star and precisely estimating the transit parameters call for various noise reduction techniques. Here, we present multiband transit photometric follow-up observations of five hot Jupiters e.g., HAT-P-30 b, HAT-P-54 b, WASP-43 b, TrES-3 b, and XO-2 N b, using the 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at the Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle, and the 1.3 m J. C. Bhattacharya Telescope at the Vainu Bappu Observatory, Kavalur. Our critical noise treatment approach includes techniques such as wavelet denoising and Gaussian process regression, which effectively reduce both time-correlated and time-uncorrelated noise components from our transit light curves. In addition to these techniques, use of our state-of-the-art model algorithms have allowed us to estimate the physical properties of the target exoplanets with a better accuracy and precision compared to the previous studies.
Magnetic Connections across the Chromosphere–Corona Transition Region
Authors: Judge Philip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The plasma contributing to emission from the Sun between the cool chromosphere (≤104 K) and hot corona (≥106 K) has been subjected to many different interpretations. Here we look at the magnetic structure of this transition region (TR) plasma, based upon the implications of CLASP2 data of an active region recently published by Ishikawa et al., and earlier Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) data of quiet regions. Ishikawa et al. found that large areas of sunspot plages are magnetically unipolar as measured in the cores of Mg ii resonance lines, formed in the lower TR under low plasma-β conditions. Here we show that IRIS images in the line cores have fibrils that are well aligned with the overlying coronal loop segments seen in the 171 Å channel of SDO. When the TR emission in active regions arises from plasma magnetically and thermally connected to the corona, then the line cores can provide the first credible magnetic boundary conditions for force-free calculations extended to the corona. We also re-examine IRIS images of dynamic TR cool loops previously reported as a major contributor to TR emission from the quiet Sun. Dynamic cool loops contribute only a small fraction of the total TR emission from the quiet Sun.
Impact of Dust on Spectral Distortion Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Authors: Zelko Ioana A. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are sensitive to energy injection by exotic physics in the early universe. The proposed Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) mission has the raw sensitivity to provide meaningful limits on new physics, but only if foreground emission can be adequately modeled. We quantify the impact of interstellar dust on Compton y and μ measurements by considering a range of grain size distributions and compositions constrained by theoretical and observational priors. We find that PIXIE can marginalize over a modest number of dust parameters and still recover y and μ estimates, though with increased uncertainty. As more foreground components are included (synchrotron, free–free), estimates of y degrade, and measurement of μ in the range sometimes considered for the standard ΛCDM of 2 × 10−8 becomes infeasible without ancillary low-frequency foreground information. An additional concern is dust absorption of the CMB monopole, a subtle effect that must be included. We quantify one form of model discrepancy error, finding that the error introduced by fitting our interstellar medium dust model with a modified blackbody is too large for CMB spectral distortions to be detectable. The greatest challenge may be the cosmic infrared background (CIB). We find that μ and y are extremely sensitive to modeling choices for the CIB, and quantify biases expected for a range of assumptions.
Assessment of Antepartum Depression and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Two Primary Health Care Units in Qaliobia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Ola , El-Rafie Mervat , Al Sayed Eman T. , Khalil Mohamed A. , Zaki Sherry M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Depression during pregnancy occurs more often than most people realize. Early detection of depression during pregnancy is critical because depression can adversely affect birth outcome and neonatal health. Mental health care during pregnancy is a serious public health issue. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression and its effects on pregnancy outcome; among pregnant women in the last trimester,living in rural Egypt. Methods: the first part of the study was cross sectional; to assess the prevalence of antepartum depression. This was followed by a prospective part to detect the effects of antepartum depression on the outcome of pregnancy. The sample size was 300 consented women. A structured interview questionnaire was designed including socio-demographic and economic data, obstetric history, and neonatal information. Hamilton Rating Scale was used to detect the prevalence and level of Depression Results: 68.7% of sampled women suffered from antepartum depression. The incidence of low birth weight was (4%), and about one fifth of babies were admitted in NICU in the first month. Death in first month of life was (3%). The only significant predictor of unfavorable birth outcome using logistic regression was depression level. Females with severe depression were 9.43 at higher risk to have unfavorable birth outcome than normal ones. Also females with moderate depression had 1.4 higher risk to have unfavorable birth outcome than females without depression. Conclusion: (68.7%) of women suffered from depression during pregnancy. Increasing level of depression was significantly associated with adverse birth outcome.
Key Words: depression, pregnancy, mental health, ANC, neonatal health.
Όψεις του οικονομικού βίου των κατοίκων της Ηλείας (τέλη του 6ου αι. – αρχές του 9ου αι.) : Προσεγγίσεις υπό το φως της αρχαιολογικής έρευνας
Authors: Λαμπροπουλου Άννα Ι. 
Published: June 2021

L’étude se focalise sur la situation administrative et ecclésiastique des régions nord-occidentales du Péloponnèse (le nome d’Élide) au cours des « âges obscurs » (fin vie s. / début viie s. – début ixe s. apr. J.-C.), en s’efforçant autant que faire se peut d’appréhender les conditions de vie de ses habitants. Cette approche se fonde avant tout sur les rares sources textuelles (Notitiae 3 et la Chronique de Monemvasie), le nombre réduit de vestiges d’édifices que la fouille a révélés (les églises de la Vierge à Dafniotissa, de la Transfiguration du Seigneur à Olena et à Skillountia d’Élide), ainsi que sur les témoignages archéologiques (monnaies, vases en terre cuite et en métal, bijoux en argent). On tire profit des informations livrées par les carnets des fouilleurs allemands du xixe s., surtout pour les vingt trésors monétaires localisés en différents lieux de l’habitat protobyzantin d’Olympie. L’étude des pots (thèsauraria) et de certaines trouvailles complémentaires amène à remettre en question le point de vue généralement admis, selon lequel l’habitat chrétien d’Olympie serait abandonné à la fin du vie s. ou, au plus tard, au début du viie s. Cette remise en cause se fonde sur l’étude des petits objets provenant d’Olympie ou du reste de l’Élide (Miraka, Agia Triada, Prasino) autant que sur la découverte des trois édifices de culte précités, datés du viiie s. (Dafniotissa, Olena, Skillountia).
Το μεσοβυζαντινό Άργος: Ιστορικά δεδομένα και νομισματική κυκλοφορία
Authors: Γιαννοπουλοσ Παναγιώτης 
Published: June 2021

L’histoire de la région argienne depuis la fin de l’Antiquité et jusqu’à l’an mil est très mal connue, en raison notamment du manque de sources littéraires. En réalité la région n’est mentionnée qu’occasionnellement par certaines sources hagiographiques et par la correspondance de Théodore de Nicée, tandis qu’Argos et Nauplie sont citées comme sièges épiscopaux. À en croire une Scolie d’Aréthas et la dite Chronique de Monemvasia, la région aurait été dévastée par les Slaves vers la fin du vie s. ; or, quatre siècles plus tard, Constantin Porphyrogénète mentionne Argos parmi les quatre agglomérations les plus importantes du Péloponnèse. Suivre la renaissance de la ville, réduite en cendres par les Slaves, s’avère une opération impossible en partant des seules sources narratives. Une analyse de la circulation monétaire peut toutefois suppléer à l’absence des textes. L’analyse des trouvailles des fouilles effectuées à Argos peut pallier l’absence d’études sur les monnaies byzantines trouvées dans la région. Le constat valable pour Argos correspond assez bien à celui que l’on est amené à faire pour d’autres régions de l’empire byzantin au cours de la même période, à savoir un retour à une économie non monétarisée.
Μουχλί: Οικονομικά δεδομένα και νομισματική κυκλοφορία κατά την ύστερη βυζαντινή περίοδο
Authors: Λαγοσ Κωνσταντίνος , Καρυανοσ Φώτιος 
Published: June 2021

Mouchli en Arcadie est l’une des villes les moins bien connues du Despotat de Morée. À la différence de la plupart des citadelles du Péloponnèse, Mouchli était une création des Byzantins, fondée après l’installation du Despotat, en 1296 environ. Elle resta entre leurs mains jusqu’à sa destruction par les Ottomans en 1458. Les rares chercheurs qui s’y sont intéressés se sont avant tout penchés sur son rôle stratégique en tant qu’avant-poste qui devait protéger le Despotat face aux attaques ennemies venues du Nord. À l’occasion d’une trouvaille fortuite de quelques monnaies, nous avons repris l’étude de son économie. Nous présentons dans ce cadre de nouveaux éléments tirés des sources littéraires, qui révèlent l’importance économique de la ville, en nous intéressant surtout aux informations utiles pour la circulation monétaire. Nous proposons pour finir à titre d’hypothèse que pourrait avoir été frappée à Mouchli l’unique émission attribuée jusqu’à présent au Despotat de Morée.
Entre classe d’inclusion et Unité Localisée pour l’Inclusion Scolaire en lycée professionnel : suivis ethnographiques d’une scolarisation adaptée
Authors: Lansade Godefroy 
Published: June 2021

Cette recherche s’appuie sur une observation ethnographique menée auprès d’un groupe d’adolescents et jeunes adultes, reconnus en situation de handicap, scolarisés au sein d’un dispositif Unité Localisée pour l’Inclusion Scolaire d’un lycée professionnel (ULIS). Elle interroge et analyse l’expérience que ces élèves rattachés à ce dispositif ont de l’inclusion scolaire. Après avoir rappelé quelques-uns des grands moments de l’inclusion scolaire dans l’enseignement secondaire et défini ce paradigme selon trois dimensions – physique, sociale et épistémique – nous verrons en quoi ce dispositif se distingue d’une classe. L’étude montre que le fait d’être rattachés simultanément à une classe d’inclusion et au dispositif peut entraîner des situations paradoxales inattendues. L’ULIS apparaît dès lors comme un dispositif inopérant ou contre-productif au regard des enjeux affichés en terme d’inclusion.
Forme de pratique scolaire du football en EPS, débats d’idées et apprentissages en milieu difficile
Authors: Dietsch Guillaume , Brière-Guenoun Fabienne , Wane Cheikh Tidiane 
Published: June 2021

Cet article a pour objet d’analyser l’impact d’une forme de pratique scolaire innovante du football en éducation physique et sportive (EPS), inspirée des règles du jeu du futsal, sur les apprentissages des élèves en milieu difficile. Pour proposer cette nouvelle forme de pratique du football à l’école, il s’agit aussi de questionner les outils pouvant favoriser les apprentissages des élèves. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’intérêt en milieu difficile d’une co-construction des savoirs à partir de l’utilisation du « débat d’idées » pour induire l’implication des élèves dans les tâches mises à l’étude et favoriser ainsi de réelles transformations de leur activité d’apprentissage. Les résultats mettent en exergue l’intérêt de confronter des élèves issus de milieux dits « difficiles » à une forme spécifique de pratique scolaire en EPS conciliant leur rapport au savoir tout en restant « ambitieux » sur les enjeux d’apprentissage.
Les attentes des enseignants par rapport aux capacités des élèves à agir au comité des élèves à l’école primaire
Authors: Pache-Hébert Catherine , Jutras France , Guay Jean-Herman 
Published: June 2021

Le comité des élèves est implanté dans les écoles pour susciter la participation des élèves à la gouvernance scolaire et contribuer à leur éducation à la démocratie. L’enseignant qui encadre le comité des élèves détient un rôle complexe, puisqu’il doit trouver un équilibre pour assurer le bon fonctionnement du comité et permettre aux élèves de prendre des décisions. Les enseignants ont des conceptions diverses des capacités des élèves à exercer une gouvernance et ne connaissent pas nécessairement toutes les dimensions du rôle qu’ils doivent assumer pour encadrer le comité des élèves. L’objectif poursuivi a été de mettre en relief les attentes de ces enseignants quant aux capacités des élèves à agir au comité. Les données ont été colligées dans le cadre d’une démarche de développement professionnel menée auprès de dix enseignants du primaire encadrant un comité dans leur école. Des entrevues semi-dirigées et des observations participantes ont été réalisées. L’analyse de contenu combine des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives : une construction d’énoncés à partir des verbatim et leur quantification ; une analyse multidimensionnelle en composantes principales et un retour aux verbatim et aux notes d’observations. Trois profils d’enseignants se dégagent : les confiants, les ambivalents et les réticents. Ces profils révèlent diverses attentes des enseignants quant à leur rôle dans l’encadrement des comités des élèves, à la place accordée aux élèves dans la prise de décision ainsi qu’à la conception de la capacité des élèves à exercer leur gouvernance. Cette étude met en évidence que les enseignants qui encadrent le comité des élèves au primaire doivent moduler leurs attentes quant à la capacité des élèves à agir lors des travaux du comité. Elle révèle aussi que la formation et l’accompagnement des enseignants sont bénéfiques pour le développement professionnel requis pour encadrer le comité des élèves.
Prevalence and Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Sabnis Akshada Suresh , Rane Anil , Nadkarni Abhijit 
Published: June 2021

Background:
People with severe mental illness (SMI) die prematurely. They also have disproportionately high burden of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, which is further compounded by unhealthy lifestyle such as sedentary behavior and substance use. Consequently, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this population. MetS has been reported in 10%–50% of SMI patients, but its risk factors have been poorly studied.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and correlates of MetS in SMI.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care psychiatry hospital was conducted. A total of 304 consecutive inpatients with SMI were administered the WHO-STEPS-2 questionnaire, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS); and biochemical measures such as lipid and blood sugar levels were measured. Summary statistics (means and proportions) were described, followed by univariate and multivariate analyses to examine the associations between variables.

Results:
25.7% of SMI patients had diabetes mellitus and 43.09% had elevated cholesterol; 23.4% (95% confidence interval 18.6–28.1) had MetS and it was associated with age (P < 0.01), female gender (P < 0.001), being married (P < 0.01), weight (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), waist and hip circumference (P < 0.001), and duration of psychiatric illness (P < 0.001). On multivariate analyses, only age (P = 0.002), female gender (P < 0.001), body weight (P < 0.001), abnormal waist to hip ratio (W: H ratio) (P = 0.02), and lower use of alcohol (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with MetS.

Conclusion:
Patients with SMI have a high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors. Monitoring of traditional risk factors such as W: H ratio is an important and cheap option to screen for risk of MetS.