bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype‐dependent contribution of CBF transcription factors to long‐term acclimation to high light and cool temperature
Authors: Baker Christopher R. , Stewart Jared J. , Amstutz Cynthia L. , Ching Lindsey G. , Johnson Jeffrey D. , Niyogi Krishna K. , Adams William W. , Demmig‐Adams Barbara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhen grown under cool temperature, winter annuals upregulate photosynthetic capacity as well as freezing tolerance. Here, the role of three cold‐induced C‐repeat‐binding factor (CBF1–3) transcription factors in photosynthetic upregulation and freezing tolerance was examined in two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes originating from Italy (IT) or Sweden (SW), and their corresponding CBF1–3‐deficient mutant lines it:cbf123 and sw:cbf123. Photosynthetic, morphological and freezing‐tolerance phenotypes, as well as gene expression profiles, were characterized in plants grown from the seedling stage under different combinations of light level and temperature. Under high light and cool (HLC) growth temperature, a greater role of CBF1–3 in IT versus SW was evident from both phenotypic and transcriptomic data, especially with respect to photosynthetic upregulation and freezing tolerance of whole plants. Overall, features of SW were consistent with a different approach to HLC acclimation than seen in IT, and an ability of SW to reach the new homeostasis through the involvement of transcriptional controls other than CBF1–3. These results provide tools and direction for further mechanistic analysis of the transcriptional control of approaches to cold acclimation suitable for either persistence through brief cold spells or for maximisation of productivity in environments with continuous low temperatures.
Metabolism‐mediated mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms
Authors: Cândido‐Sobrinho Silvio A. , Lima Valéria F. , Freire Francisco B. S. , de Souza Leonardo P. , Gago Jorge , Fernie Alisdair R. , Daloso Danilo M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent results suggest that metabolism‐mediated stomatal closure mechanisms are important to regulate differentially the stomatal speediness between ferns and angiosperms. However, evidence directly linking mesophyll metabolism and the slower stomatal conductance (gs) in ferns is missing. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose and mannitol on stomatal kinetics and carried out a metabolic fingerprinting analysis of ferns and angiosperms leaves harvested throughout a diel course. Fern stomata did not respond to ABA in the time period analysed. No differences in the relative decrease in gs was observed between ferns and the angiosperm following provision of sucrose or mannitol. However, ferns have slower gs responses to these compounds than angiosperms. Metabolomics analysis highlights that ferns have a higher accumulation of secondary rather than primary metabolites throughout the diel course, with the opposite being observed in angiosperms. Our results indicate that metabolism‐mediated stomatal closure mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms, in which the slower stomatal closure in ferns is associated with the lack of ABA‐responsiveness, to a reduced capacity to respond to mesophyll‐derived sucrose and to a higher carbon allocation toward secondary metabolism, which likely modulates both photosynthesis‐gs and growth‐stress tolerance trade‐offs.
Insecticide resistance in field populations of the pear psyllids Cacopsylla permixta and Cacopsylla bidens in Iran
Authors: Esmaeily Mojtaba , Talebi Khalil , Hosseininaveh Vahid , Nozari Jamasb , Burckhardt Daniel , Jackson Colin J. , Oakeshott John G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCacopsylla permixta and Cacopsylla bidens are major pests of pears in Iran. They are commonly sprayed with various insecticides up to 12 times a year but control by these means is no longer reliable, suggesting the evolution of resistance. Here, we report about 60‐fold variation in diazinon susceptibility both among five geographic populations of C. bidens and among three geographic populations of C. permixta, as well as 12‐ to 14‐fold variations in imidacloprid susceptibility in these populations. The levels of resistance to the two compounds were highly correlated in the different populations. Esterase, cytochrome P450, and glutathione S‐transferase activities all varied by about two‐fold among the different populations and were also highly correlated with population resistance to the two insecticides, implying differences in metabolism contribute to the differences in resistance. Bioassays with inhibitors of each class of enzyme indicated all three, but particularly the esterases, contributed to the variation in diazinon resistance, while esterase and, in particular, cytochrome P450 activities contributed to the variation in imidacloprid resistance. The most resistant populations of each species also showed some resistance to chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid, suggesting there may be wide cross resistance to organophosphates and neonicotinoids in these populations. The sampled psyllid populations showed lower levels of resistance to representatives of two other classes of insecticides currently used in Iran, spirotetramat and abamectin, though resistance to spirotetramat was detectable and was correlated with diazinon and imidacloprid resistance across populations. We conclude that metabolic resistance to a range of insecticides is now evolving in field populations of both species in Iran, warranting timely development of resistance management plans.
Coping with Demand Uncertainty: The Interplay between Dual Sourcing and Endogenous Partial Backordering
Authors: Xu Yanyi , Serel Doğan A. , Bisi Arnab , Dada Maqbool 
Published: November 2021

In some stockout situations, a retailer may be better off declining to fulfill some demand even though it could have been backordered. We study the conditions under which endogenous (retailer‐driven) partial backordering is the cost‐minimizing strategy in an infinite horizon periodic review inventory system with dual sourcing. At the beginning of each period, the retailer can place two orders. The first order (with higher unit purchase cost) is delivered immediately from the fast supplier and brings the inventory level up to a target level Z. The second order (with lower unit purchase cost) is delivered one period later from the slow supplier (or the same supplier using a slower delivery mode) and brings the inventory position up to the base‐stock R. In each period, the realized demand can be accepted up to the maximum of inventory on‐hand and R – k, implying that some excess demand requests may be backordered while the rest is rejected. The on‐order quantity k denotes the reservation quantity held back for use in subsequent periods. Each of k, Z, and R is a decision variable in our model with dual sourcing. The case k = R – Z yields the full lost sales model while the case k = –∞ yields the full backorder model. We determine structural properties of the optimal ( k, Z, R) policy and discuss how to find the optimal base‐stock and reservation quantities. In a complementary numerical investigation, we find that a suitably designed single supplier partial backorder policy can be nearly as cost‐effective as the optimal dual source policy.
How did international economic regulation survive the last period of deglobalization?
Authors: 6 Perri , Heims Eva , Prevezer Martha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs trade wars and protectionism again present severe challenges and obstructions to international economic regulatory organizations (IEROs), it is timely to ask how their predecessors survived the last deep deglobalization of the interwar years. This article presents a fresh neo‐Durkheimian institutional explanation. It highlights contrasting pathways to survival and bequest of IEROs in three fields of regulation – international infrastructure, capital and labor, and commodities. Our explanation shows that functional imperatives and short‐term market pressures in these different areas of regulation facilitated specific forms of social organization within IEROs (such as hierarchy or individualistic brokering). These contrasting forms of social organization cultivated distinct regulatory styles during deglobalization and cultivated capacities for contrasting survival and bequest strategies. Our approach is thus able to account for variation in pathways to survival in a way that other possible explanations, such as theories of regulatory capture or bureaucratic autonomy, cannot.
Particle shape trends across experimental cohesive and non‐cohesive sediment gravity flow deposits: Implications for particle fractionation and discrimination of depositional settings
Authors: Pantopoulos George , Manica Rafael , McArthur Adam D. , Kuchle Juliano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFractionation of particles in deep‐water sediment gravity flows is an important factor in the resulting deposit and for discriminating sedimentary environments, but remains poorly understood. Quantitative characterization of particle shape was performed for more than ten‐thousand particles of experimental gravity flow experiments (both of cohesive and non‐cohesive nature) made using coal and kaolin particles. Eleven particle shape parameters were calculated and their distribution and trends within the experimental basin were evaluated. Results indicate the existence of non‐normal distributions and observable correlations between particle shape parameters. Shape parameters such as circularity and roundness are dominant controls on shape variation. Strong correlations exist between mean shape parameters and along‐flow distance from the source for particles in non‐cohesive flow experiments. Important differences were observed between shape parameter distributions of particles sampled at different areas within the experimental basin, which can be grouped based on their depositional setting (proximal or distal) using multivariate statistical analysis, especially for the non‐cohesive flow experiments. A tendency for more elongated and irregularly‐shaped particles at the more distal and marginal areas of the studied experimental basin was observed and validated by previous field studies in real‐world deep‐marine deposits. Besides, fractionation of particles is less‐pronounced in cohesive flows compared with non‐cohesive ones suggesting the soundness of discrimination of depositional settings based solely on particle shape characteristics is strongly dependent on parent flow characteristics. Yet, results highlight the potential of particle shape analysis in revealing spatial particle shape trends due to hydrodynamic fractionation and discriminating different depositional settings within submarine fans. This methodology may be applied to seafloor and subsurface samples to help identify the flow process and depositional environment.
Analysis of elite road‐cycling sprints in relation to maximal power‐velocity‐endurance profile: a longitudinal one‐case study
Authors: Robin Maxime , Nordez Antoine , Dorel Sylvain 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to characterize the mechanical output of final road sprints of an elite sprinter during international competitions in relation to his power‐velocity‐endurance characteristics and to investigate the relationship between this sprint performance and the power produced during preceding phases of the race. The sprinter performed a set of short and long sprints (5 to 15‐s) on a cycle ergometer to determine his maximal power‐velocity‐endurance profile. Based on eleven races, the distribution of power throughout each race, peak and mean power (Ppeak and Pmean) and associated pedaling rates (vPpeak and vPmean) during the final sprint were analyzed. The power‐velocity‐endurance profile of the sprinter indicated that his theoeretical mean maximal power and corresponding optimal pedaling rate ranged from 20.0 W.kg−1 (124 rpm) for a 1‐s sprint to 15.0 W.kg−1 (109 rpm) for 20 s. Race data showed that final road sprints were mainly performed on the ascending limb of the power‐velocity relationship (vPpeak, 104 ± 8 and vPmean, 101 ± 8 rpm). Additionally, Ppeak and Pmean were lower than the theoretical maximal power determined from the power‐velocity‐endurance profile (9.9 ± 7.0% and 10.6 ± 9.8%, respectively), which highlighted a significant state of fatigue induced by the race. Finally, sprint power exhibited a high variability between races and was strongly related to the level of power produced during the last minute before the sprint. These findings show the importance of considering both the power‐velocity‐endurance qualities and the power demand of the last lead‐up phase before the sprint in order to optimize final sprint performance.
Genome‐wide association identifies candidate genes for drought tolerance in coast redwood and giant sequoia
Authors: De La Torre Amanda R. , Sekhwal Manoj K. , Puiu Daniela , Salzberg Steven L. , Scott Alison D. , Allen Brian , Neale David B. , Chin Alana R. O. , Buckley Thomas N. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYDrought is a major limitation for survival and growth in plants. With more frequent and severe drought episodes occurring due to climate change, it is imperative to understand the genomic and physiological basis of drought tolerance to be able to predict how species will respond in the future. In this study, univariate and multitrait multivariate genome‐wide association study methods were used to identify candidate genes in two iconic and ecosystem‐dominating species of the western USA, coast redwood and giant sequoia, using 10 drought‐related physiological and anatomical traits and genome‐wide sequence‐capture single nucleotide polymorphisms. Population‐level phenotypic variation was found in carbon isotope discrimination, osmotic pressure at full turgor, xylem hydraulic diameter, and total area of transporting fibers in both species. Our study identified new 78 new marker × trait associations in coast redwood and six in giant sequoia, with genes involved in a range of metabolic, stress, and signaling pathways, among other functions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the genomic basis of drought tolerance in long‐generation conifers and helps guide current and future conservation efforts in the species.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker in puppies with acute diarrhea
Authors: Dinler Ay Ceren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo document the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values in systemic inflammatory response syndrome positive (SIRS+) and negative (SIRS–) puppies presenting with acute diarrhea (AD). To determine whether the calculated canine acute diarrhea severity index (CADSI) score was associated with NLR. Also, to investigate the prognostic value of NLR in puppies with acute diarrhea.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsA total of 85 puppies (2–6 months old), 70 with AD and 15 healthy controls (CON).InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsPertinent history, physical examination findings and results of complete blood count analysis of dogs with AD at the time of admission to the hospital were obtained from medical records. Forty‐seven of the dogs with AD were SIRS+ and 23 were SIRS–. Of the puppies with AD, 11 died within 7 days after initiation of treatment, 59 survived. NLR values in dogs with AD were statistically higher (P < 0.001) than the CON group, but there was no difference (P = 0.791) between the two groups in terms of white blood cell (WBC) count. The median NLR of SIRS+ (3.66) dogs was significantly higher than the median NLRs of dogs in the SIRS– (1.88) and CON (1.35) groups. While a strong positive correlation (ρ = 0.740; P < 0.001) was found between the CADSI score and NLR in dogs with AD, the relationship between WBC and disease severity was not significant (ρ = −0.117; P = 0.336). The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves for nonsurvival in dogs with AD was 0.710 (P = 0.039) for the NLR and 0.773 (P = 0.008) for the WBC.ConclusionsEvaluation of NLR at hospital admission may be a useful marker of disease severity and may have prognostic value in puppies with AD. Further investigations are required to understand the implications of these findings.
BEYOND WISHFUL THINKING: RECONCILING FAITH AND SCIENCE IN CRISES OF HOPE
Authors: Constantino John N. , Baumel W. Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSteady advances in neuroscience have shaped understanding of brain and mind, in ways that challenge spiritual belief and can amplify misconceptions about biological determinism. The inability to reconcile spirituality and science risks faith being construed as “out of touch” with reality, and in worst‐case scenarios engendering clinical‐level crises of hope. The latter typically involve three central issues: the free will problem, desperate perceptions about mortality, and the constraint of individual identity. Here, we synthesize contemporary scientific and philosophical understanding to propose a reconciliation of faith and science of particular relevance to preservation of hope. In this approach, we review the compatibility of natural causation and human freedom, parameterize “meaning” on the basis of specific opportunities for decision‐making within the timeframe of a lifetime, and articulate a model of self‐transcendence predicated on these principles and on observed characteristics of human love. This model resides within “common ground” for faith and science by avoiding unnecessary dichotomization of the material and the Divine.
Calibration and Validation of Multiscale Model for Ultimate Strength Prediction of Composite Laminates Under Uncertainty
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rudraprasad , Mahadevan Sankaran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA methodology to account for the effect of epistemic uncertainty (regarding model parameters) on the strength prediction of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates is presented. A three-dimensional concurrent multiscale physics modeling framework is considered. A continuum damage mechanics-based constitutive relation is used for multiscale analysis. The parameters for the constitutive model are unknown and need to be calibrated. A least squares-based approach is employed for the calibration of model parameters and a model discrepancy term. The calibrated constitutive model is validated quantitatively using experimental data for both unnotched and open-hole specimens with different composite layups. The quantitative validation results are used to indicate further steps for model improvement.
Definition of a Basic Design for Conversion of an Offshore Fixed Platform on a Depleted Reservoir Into a Sustainable Plant
Authors: Uggenti Anna Chiara , Gerboni Raffaella , Carpignano Andrea , Ballocco Gabriele , Tortora Andrea , Aliberti Amedeo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the framework of energy transition, a focus is given to the study of the conversion of offshore Oil&Gas (O&G) platforms at the end of their life due to the depletion of the reservoirs on which they operate. Their modular and versatile structure allows the implementation of new processes and innovative sustainable technologies for reducing the environmental impact of a complete decommissioning, especially on the subsea ecosystem that has grown around the jacket, and for guaranteeing cost-saving solutions. Among different conversion options, this paper focuses on the installation on the platform of a system for the production of photovoltaic (PV) energy to be used for seawater desalination and its delivery to other platforms operating in the same area. The project focuses on the definition of technical characteristics of the basic design, on the investigation of the technical feasibility of the conversion process, and on qualitative safety and environmental impact studies. Moreover, the old platform equipment to be decommissioned (i.e., the equipment necessary for hydrocarbons treatment) are identified, and the installation of new equipment is optimized, e.g., the number of PV panels and, therefore, the installed power are maximized. At the same time, decommissioning costs and impacts can be minimized. The basic design is completed with a preliminary structural verification to guarantee that critical situations do not rise, with an indication on the main maintenance activities for the preservation of plant good efficiency and with safety and environmental preliminary analyses for the identification of potential criticalities to be managed at different design levels.
Proposing an Uncertainty Management Framework to Implement the Evidence Theory for Vehicle Crash Applications
Authors: Jehle Jonas Siegfried , Lange Volker Andreas , Gerdts Matthias 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to enable the use of the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory (ET) for uncertainty propagation on computationally expensive automotive crash simulations. This is necessary as the results of these simulations are influenced by multiple possibly uncertain aspects. To avoid negative effects, it is important to detect these factors and their consequences. The challenge when pursuing this effort is the prohibitively high computational cost of the ET. To this end, we present a framework of existing methods that is specifically designed to reduce the necessary number of full model evaluations and parameters. An initial screening removes clearly irrelevant parameters to mitigate the curse of dimensionality. Next, we approximate the full-scale simulation using metamodels to accelerate output generation and thus enable the calculation of global sensitivity indices. These indicate effects of the parameters on the considered output and more profoundly sort out irrelevant parameters. After these steps, the ET can be performed rapidly and feasibly due to fast-responding metamodel and reduced input dimension. It yields bounds for the cumulative distribution function of the considered quantity of interest. We apply the proposed framework to a simplified crash test dummy model. The elementary effects method is used for screening, a kriging metamodel emulates the finite element simulation, and Sobol' sensitivity indices are determined before the ET is applied. The outcome of the framework provides engineers with information about the uncertainties they may face in hardware testing and that should be addressed in future vehicle design.