bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance Theory of General 2 × n Resistor Networks
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Tian , Hu Xuan , Chen Hai‐Xiang , Wang Ming‐Yue , Chen Wan‐Jiao , Fang Xin‐Yu , Tan Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHere the problem of equivalent resistance of general 2 × n‐order resistor networks with four different resistor parameters is investigated, and innovations in theory and method are made. Here, the second‐order matrix equation model and boundary condition equation model are established by the RT‐I technique (recursion–transform theory based on current parameters), and the general solution and the special solution of the matrix equation are given by using the matrix transformation method. The current distribution law in the circuit is obtained, and three equivalent resistance formulas of general ‐order resistor networks are obtained. Finally, by analyzing and discussing the special case of the conclusion, the relationship between different resistances is obtained, and the results are compared with those of other literatures.
Trap Reduction through O3 Post‐Deposition Treatment of Y2O3 Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition on Ge Substrates
Authors: Kim Dong Gun , Kwon Dae Seon , Lim Junil , Seo Haengha , Kim Tae Kyun , Lee Woongkyu , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor Ge‐based metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor application, high‐k Y2O3 thin films are deposited on Ge single‐crystal substrate using atomic layer deposition. The primary drawbacks of a metal‐oxide‐semiconductor capacitor with pristine Y2O3 are large hysteresis and high leakage current. Through forming gas annealing (FGA), the leakage current can be reduced by approximately three orders of magnitude, along with the reduction of interface trap density. However, there is still a large hysteresis in the capacitance–voltage curves. O3 post‐deposition annealing (OPA) is used to solve the problem. The formation of the YGeOx interfacial layer through OPA and the reduction of the defect level of the Y2O3 thin film effectively decrease the hysteresis, which also decreases the leakage current. Additionally, the hysteresis is 690 mV when only FGA is performed. However, it is further reduced to 260 mV through OPA. Moreover, the remote oxygen scavenging effect using TiN/Pt electrodes prevents an unintentional increase in equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). The 4.7 nm thick Y2O3 film results in an EOT of 1.77 nm and leakage current density of 2.1 × 10−7 A cm−2 (at flat band voltage—1 V) after the OPA.
Hybrid Memory Device (Memory/Selector) with Scalable and Simple Structure for XNOR‐Based Neural Network Applications
Authors: Sung Changhyuck , Kim Seong Hun , Kwak Myounghoon , Lee Donghwa , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the electrical behavior of a hybrid memory device with both memory and selector characteristics. Electrical measurements and simulations indicate that the electrical behaviors (nonvolatile characteristics in Al2O3 layers and volatile characteristics in TiO2 layers) are linked to the stability of the conductive filament (CF) used. The binding energy between the Ag atoms in the CF is crucial for achieving nonvolatile or volatile characteristics. Thus, the hybrid memory device exhibits tunable threshold‐voltage characteristics and a consistent off‐state without requiring an additional selector device. Furthermore, the buffer metal layer between the active electrode and oxide layer affects the filament‐formation process in terms of the switching time. Experimental results show that the buffer layer significantly affects ion motion, such as redox reactions and ion migration. Thus, hybrid memory devices with a Zr buffer layer can solve the voltage–time dilemma, enabling fast and low‐voltage switching. Robust XNOR‐based neural network applications are developed using hybrid memory devices in a cross‐point array with characteristics such as scalability, simple structure, and excellent switching characteristics. By carefully considering the on–off ratio and device variability, hybrid memory devices can ensure reliable operation with a high pattern recognition accuracy in XNOR‐based neural neuromorphic hardware systems.
Agronomic performance of interspecific Paspalum hybrids under nitrogen fertilization or mixed with legumes
Authors: da Motta Eder A. Minski , DallAgnol Miguel , Rios Esteban F. , de Souza Cleber H. Lopes , Weiler Roberto L. , Brunes André Pich , Simioni Carine , Rockenbach de Ávila Mariana , Neto Douglas , Felix Leonardo Duarte , Nunes dos Santos Tamyris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNitrogen supply and mixtures with legumes affect agronomic performance of pastures, and both practices can guide breeding decisions in Paspalum hybrids. The goals of this study were: (a) quantify herbage accumulation (HA), leaf accumulation (LA), cold tolerance, and N use efficiency (NUE) in P. plicatulum × P. guenoarum hybrids subjected to N fertilization or grown in a mixture with legumes; (b) compare the grass–legume system to a grass–N fertilizer system; and (c) select the best hybrid for future cultivar releases. A randomized complete block design with three replications and a split‐plot treatment arrangement was used for 2 yr, with five N rates (0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N ha−1) and a grass–legume mixture [grass + white clover (Trifolium repens L.) + birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)] as whole plots, and six genotypes as subplots (hybrids: 1020133, 102069, 103084, 103061; and controls: P. guenoarum ‘Azulão’ and Megathyrsus maximus ‘Aruana’). Higher N rates increased HA, LA, and cold tolerance. Higher NUE was obtained between 60 and 120 kg N ha−1. In the grass–legume mixture HA was similar to the rates of 60 and 120 kg N ha−1. Hybrid 1020133 had HA similar to the controls, LA greater than Aruana, and greater cold tolerance and NUE at 60 kg N ha−1 than Azulão and Aruana. Hybrid 1020133 should be selected for further animal performance studies. The agronomic performance of perennial pastures can be improved through N management, and NUE should be a selection criterion in forage breeding.
Greenhouse gas emissions from an irrigated cropping rotation with dairy manure utilization in a semiarid climate
Authors: Dungan Robert S. , Leytem April B. , Tarkalson David D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis long‐term study was established to increase knowledge of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from irrigated cropping systems utilizing dairy manure solids and compost in semiarid southern Idaho. The objective of this field study was to determine the effect of synthetic N fertilizer (urea or SuperU [enhanced‐efficiency synthetic fertilizer]), composted dairy manure, dairy manure (fall or spring applied), and a control (no fertilizer or manure) on nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) emissions over the growing season. The fertilizer and manure treatments were not applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (2017) but were applied to corn (Zea mays L.) (2018; except SuperU) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2019). Cumulative N2O losses over the 3 yr ranged from 2.8 to 5.2 kg N2O‐N ha–1, with the fall and spring manure emitting the greatest amounts of N2O. Emission factors indicated that up to 0.79% of the total N applied was lost as N2O‐N during the growing seasons. Cumulative losses of CO2 and CH4 across the rotation were on average 12,170 kg CO2–C ha–1 and –0.77 kg CH4–C ha–1, respectively, with no significant differences among the treatments. Major N2O pulses were associated with early‐season irrigation events and incorporation of fertilizer and manure, but overall fluxes tended to be the greatest when soil temperatures were higher. Dairy manure and compost applications were also found to cause rapid and significant increases in soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top 30 cm of soil under corn and barley. Despite the fact that manure does cause elevated soil N2O emissions, it should be considered as an alternative to synthetic fertilizer use due to its ability to increase SOC and potentially help reduce the global warming potential.
Robust and efficient determination of saturation pressure from constant mass expansion data
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Argüelles‐Vivas Francisco J. , Okuno Ryosuke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents an improved method for the determination of saturation pressure from pressure‐volume data of constant‐mass expansion (CME) for hydrocarbon mixtures. The conventional methods rely on the direct observation of an incipient phase and/or the change in total compressibility of the fluid sample near the saturation pressure in CME; however, they are unreliable for volatile oils, gas condensates, and near‐critical fluids. The method developed in this research is to capture the expansion behavior of the overall fluid through the attraction and covolume parameters of the Peng–Robinson equation of state. The reliability of the new method is demonstrated by comparing it with the conventional methods in the case studies using 59 different fluids. It was the only method that could reliably identify saturation pressures for five volatile oils, 11 gas condensates, and one near‐critical fluid among the datasets tested.
MBD5‐related intellectual disability in a Vietnamese child
Authors: Le Thanh Nha Uyen , Ha Thi Minh Thi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe disruption of methyl‐binding domain protein 5 (MBD5) gene has been determined as a significant cause of a group of disorders known as MBD5‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Here, we report a novel pathogenic mutation, NM_001378120.1 (MBD5): c.217‐1G>C, occurring at the acceptor splicing site of intron 6 of the MBD5 gene identified in a Vietnamese child with intellectual disability, autistic‐like behaviors, and seizure. Phenotypic manifestations in this patient are highlighted with neurodevelopmental impairments whereas his facial dysmorphism is unremarkable. Our finding has enriched the understanding of the spectrum of MBD5 variants, a critical database for diagnosis, genetic counseling, and management of the patients with neurological diseases.
Pediatric medical genetics house call: Telemedicine for the next generation of patients and providers
Authors: Cohen Andrea J. , Shur Natasha , Starin Danielle , MacLeod Erin , Roshan Lal Tamanna , Leon Eyby , Regier Debra S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn an era of increasing technology and interaction with the patient bedside, we explore the role of relocating the bedside from the hospital to the home using telemedicine. The COVID‐19 pandemic pushed telemedicine from small and pilot programs to widespread practice at an unprecedented rate. With the rapid implementation of telemedicine, it is important to consider how to create a telehealth system that provides both good care for patients and families while maintaining an excellent education environment for trainees of all levels. To this end, we developed telemedicine educational milestones to describe novel skills required to provide high quality telemedicine care, and allow trainees and clinical educators a metric by which to assess trainee progress. We also created methods and tools to help trainees learn and families feel comfortable in their new role as virtual collaborators. We envision a time when safety does not set the venue; instead the needs of the patient will dictate whether a virtual or in‐person visit is the right choice for a family. We expect that pediatric medical genetics and metabolism groups across the country will continue to set a standard of a hybrid care system to meet the unique needs of each individual patient, using telemedicine technology.
Female reproductive energetics in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata): A follow‐up study
Authors: Rangel Negrín Ariadna , Coyohua Fuentes Alejandro , de la Torre Herrera Amalia , Cano Huertes Beatriz , Reynoso Cruz Eduardo , Ceccarelli Enrico , Gómez Espinosa Eugenia E. , Chavira Ramírez David R. , Moreno Espinoza Diana E. , Canales‐Espinosa Domingo , Maya Lastra Natalia , Cruz Miros Pamela , Cañadas Santiago Samuel , Garau Sara , Dias Pedro A. D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveReproduction entails several challenges to primate females, among which energetic costs are remarkable at certain stages of the reproductive cycle. Still, females may use behavioral and physiological strategies to cope with those challenges. We had previously reported covariation between female energetic condition through the reproductive cycle and time‐budget adjustments in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). Accordingly, we suggested that behavioral flexibility allowed coping with the energetic challenges of reproduction. Subsequent evidence from the same population, however, suggested otherwise, so we performed a follow‐up study on the variation in female reproductive energetics based on a larger sample of females.MethodsWe studied 48 free‐ranging adult females at Los Tuxtlas (Mexico). We assessed energy balance via urinary C‐peptide concentrations (2717 urine samples), behavioral energy intake and expenditure (5728 sampling hours), and physiological energy expenditure via fecal triiodothyronine metabolites (fTH3; 3138 fecal samples).ResultsWe found that energy balance varied among reproductive states: (a) cycling was a period of low C‐peptide concentrations; (b) the highest C‐peptide concentrations occurred during gestation; and (c) the beginning of lactation marked a notable decrease in C‐peptide concentrations, which then improved at mid‐lactation to again decline at lactation offset. These peaks and valleys in energy balance did not seem to be associated with variation in energy acquisition but were rather mirrored by activity levels and fTH3 during lactation.DiscussionEnergy balance was not preserved through the reproductive cycle, supporting previous contentions that the reproductive performance of female mantled howler monkeys may be energetically constrained. The contrast between these and results that we have previously reported, highlights the importance of conducting follow‐up studies to continually improve our understanding of the reproductive energetics of primate females.
Hand preference in unimanual and bimanual coordinated tasks in wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) feeding on African ginger (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Tamura Masaya , Akomo‐Okoue Etienne François 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesBimanual coordinated behaviors are critical for detecting robust individual hand preference in nonhuman primates but are particularly challenging to observe in the wild. This study focuses on spontaneous feeding behavior on African ginger (Aframomum sp. and Renealmia sp.), which involves a unimanual task (reaching and pulling out a ginger stem) and a bimanual coordinated task (extracting pith from a ginger stem) by wild western lowland gorillas.Materials and methodsStudy subjects were 21 gorillas in the Moukalaba‐Doudou National Park, Gabon. We examined whether they exhibit significant hand preference at the individual and group levels for both tasks.ResultsSixteen gorillas showed significant hand preference in the unimanual task, whereas all 21 individuals showed significant hand preference in the bimanual coordinated task. Hand preference was significantly stronger in the bimanual coordinated task than in the unimanual task. It is noteworthy that gorillas showed a significant right‐hand preference at the group level for the bimanual task (roughly 70% of the subjects).DiscussionThis study confirmed that bimanual coordinated tasks are more sensitive in detecting hand preferences in nonhuman primates. In addition to the bimanual nature of the task, the precision grip for processing and the importance of African ginger as a food resource might influence the expression of hand preference. Evidence of a group‐level right‐hand preference may support the “postural origins theory.” Because all wild African great apes feed on the pith of African ginger, comparing this task and its hand preferences can contribute toward a better understanding of the evolution of handedness in Hominidae.
BiPO4‐Derived 2D Nanosheets for Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Liquid Fuel
Authors: Wang Yating , Li Yuhang , Liu Jinze , Dong Chunxiao , Xiao Chuqian , Cheng Ling , Jiang Hongliang , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high‐value liquid fuel with high selectivity is appealing for energy conversion and storage. Here we report a bismuth phosphate (BiPO4) derived 2D nanosheet‐like electrocatalyst that efficiently converts CO2 into liquid‐phase formate. The catalyst presents a formate Faradaic efficiency of over 90 % and a cathodic energy efficiency of 73 % at an industrially relevant current density of 200 mA cm−2 in the flow cell. The in situ generation of the Bi‐O active species on the catalyst surface was determined via operando Raman measurement. Morphological and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal the origin of the high activity for the electrosynthesis of formate from CO2 and water: the 2D structure together with the abundant insertion of oxygen atoms in the surface of the BiPO4‐derived nanosheets.
In Vivo Assembly of Artificial Metalloenzymes and Application in Whole‐Cell Biocatalysis**
Authors: Chordia Shreyans , Narasimhan Siddarth , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Baldus Marc , Roelfes Gerard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the supramolecular assembly of artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs), based on the Lactococcal multidrug resistance regulator (LmrR) and an exogeneous copper(II)–phenanthroline complex, in the cytoplasm of E. coli cells. A combination of catalysis, cell‐fractionation, and inhibitor experiments, supplemented with in‐cell solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, confirmed the in‐cell assembly. The ArM‐containing whole cells were active in the catalysis of the enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles and the Diels–Alder reaction of azachalcone with cyclopentadiene. Directed evolution resulted in two different improved mutants for both reactions, LmrR_A92E_M8D and LmrR_A92E_V15A, respectively. The whole‐cell ArM system required no engineering of the microbial host, the protein scaffold, or the cofactor to achieve ArM assembly and catalysis. We consider this a key step towards integrating abiological catalysis with biosynthesis to generate a hybrid metabolism.
Effect of Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Database Selection on the Assessment of Gas Storage and Separation Potentials of MOFs
Authors: Daglar Hilal , Gulbalkan Hasan Can , Avci Gokay , Aksu Gokhan Onder , Altundal Omer Faruk , Altintas Cigdem , Erucar Ilknur , Keskin Seda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDevelopment of computation‐ready metal–organic framework databases (MOF DBs) has accelerated high‐throughput computational screening (HTCS) of materials to identify the best candidates for gas storage and separation. These DBs were constructed using structural curations to make MOFs directly usable for molecular simulations, which caused the same MOF to be reported with different structural features in different DBs. We examined thousands of common materials of the two recently updated, very widely used MOF DBs to reveal how structural discrepancies affect simulated CH4, H2, CO2 uptakes and CH4/H2 separation performances of MOFs. Results showed that DB selection has a significant effect on the calculated gas uptakes and ideal selectivities of materials at low pressure. A detailed analysis on the curated structures was provided to isolate the critical elements of MOFs determining the gas uptakes. Identification of the top‐performing materials for gas separation was shown to strongly depend on the DB used in simulations.
On‐Surface Hydrogen/Deuterium Isotope Exchange in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wäckerlin Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydrogen plays important roles in the on‐surface synthesis of carbon‐based materials in ultra‐high vacuum. The complex interplay between hydrogen and surface‐adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is tracked by in situ time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) combined with isotope labeling. In situ deuterium labeling of prototypical PAHs, coronene (CR) and 7‐armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), on Au(111) is achieved by annealing either in D2 gas or in the vapor of perdeuterio‐acenaphthene. By following the mass spectra of in situ deuterated CR mixed with hydrogen‐CR, it is demonstrated that PAHs adsorbed at hot Au(111) surfaces continuously exchange hydrogen atoms. Also, D2 present during the Ullmann coupling step leads to incorporation of deuterium and to shorter GNRs.
In‐vitro and In‐vivo Photocatalytic Cancer Therapy with Biocompatible Iridium(III) Photocatalysts
Authors: Huang Can , Liang Chao , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Banerjee Samya , Fan Zhongxian , Li Tingxuan , Zhu Zilin , Zhang Pingyu , Raghavachari Krishnan , Huang Huaiyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic anticancer profile of a IrIIIphotocatalyst (Ir3) with strong light absorption, high turnover frequency, and excellent biocompatibility is reported.Ir3showed selective photo‐cytotoxicity against cisplatin‐ and sorafenib‐resistant cell lines while remaining dormant to normal cell lines in the dark.Ir3exhibited excellent photo‐catalytic oxidation of cellular co‐enzyme, the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and amino acids via a single electron transfer mechanism. The photo‐induced intracellular redox imbalance and change in mitochondrial membrane potential resulted in necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells. Importantly,Ir3exhibited high biocompatibility and photo‐catalytic anticancer efficiency as evident from in vivo zebrafish and mouse cancer models. To the best of our knowledge,Ir3is the first IrIIIbased photocatalyst with such a high biocompatibility and photocatalytic anticancer therapeutic effect.
Robust Packing of a Self‐Assembling Iridium Complex via Endocytic Trafficking for Long‐Term Lysosome Tracking
Authors: Jin Chengzhi , Li Guanying , Wu Xia , Liu Jiangping , Wu Weijun , Chen Yazhou , Sasaki Toshio , Chao Hui , Zhang Ye 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLive cell imaging of lysosome positioning and motility is critical to studying lysosome status and function for pharmacological interventions. To create a super stable lysosomal probe for long‐term live cell imaging, we have designed and synthesized an aromatic‐peptide‐conjugated cyclometalated iridium(III) complex that emits light via π–π stacking oriented self‐assembly in water at extremely low concentration. Through endocytic trafficking, self‐assemblies are transformed from nanoparticles into sturdily packed networks that are stabilized in lysosomal acidic environment. Upon short time/low dose treatment of the iridium complex at passage 0, live cell lysosomal tracking is applicable beyond the 14th passage of cells with high labelling rate and a mild decline in luminescence intensity. The illuminated lysosomes are trackable using super‐resolution imaging to study their response to cellular processes.
Eine chirale pentafluorierte Isopropylgruppe durch Iod(I)/(III)‐Katalyse
Authors: Meyer Stephanie , Häfliger Joel , Schäfer Michael , Molloy John J. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEine durch Iod (I/III) Katalyse ermöglichte Strategie zur Konstruktion eines enantioangereicherten fluorierten Isoster der Isopropylgruppe wird beschrieben. Die in situ Generierung einer chiralen ArIF2‐Spezies ermöglicht die Difluorierung von leicht zugänglichen α‐CF3‐Styrolen, um ein Stereozentrum mit den Substituenten F, CH2F und CF3 aufzubauen (bis zu 95 %, >20:1 vicinale:geminale Difluorierung). Der Austausch des metabolisch labilen benzylischen Protons führt zu einem stark präorganisierten Gerüst, welches durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse nachgewiesen werden konnte (π→σ* und stereoelektronische gauche σ→σ* Wechselwirkungen). Um die Basis für die vorläufige Validierung der Enantioselektivität zu bilden, wurde eine Katalysatoroptimierung durchgeführt.