bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patent foramen ovale closure in stroke patients with migraine in the CLOSE trial. The CLOSE‐MIG study
Authors: Mas Jean‐Louis , Guillon Benoît , Charles‐Nelson Anaïs , Domigo Valérie , Derex Laurent , Massardier Evelyne , Arquizan Caroline , Vuillier Fabrice , Timsit Serge , Béjot Yannick , Detante Olivier , Sablot Denis , Guidoux Céline , Sibon Igor , Dequatre‐Ponchelle Nelly , Touzé Emmanuel , Canaple Sandrine , Alamowitch Sonia , Aubry Pierre , Teiger Emmanuel , Derumeaux Geneviève , Chatellier Gilles ,   the CLOSE investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe efficacy of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks remains controversial.MethodsThis was a planned sub‐study in migraine patients enrolled in a randomized, clinical trial designed to assess the superiority of PFO closure plus antiplatelet therapy over antiplatelet therapy alone to prevent stroke recurrence in patients younger than 60 years with a PFO‐associated cryptogenic ischaemic stroke. The main outcome was the mean annual number of migraine attacks in migraine patients with aura and in those without aura, as recorded at each follow‐up visit by study neurologists.ResultsOf 473 patients randomized to PFO closure or antiplatelet therapy, 145 (mean age 41.9 years; women 58.6%) had migraine (75 with aura and 70 without aura). Sixty‐seven patients were randomized to PFO closure and 78 to antiplatelet therapy. During a mean follow‐up of about 5 years, there were no differences between antiplatelet‐only and PFO closure groups in the mean annual number of migraine attacks, both in migraine patients with aura (9.2 [11.9] vs. 12.0 [19.1], p = 0.81) and in those without aura (12.1 [16.1] vs. 11.8 [18.4], p > 0.999). There were no differences between treatment groups regarding cessation of migraine attacks, migraine‐related disability at 2 years and use of migraine‐preventive drugs during follow‐up.ConclusionsIn young and middle‐aged adults with PFO‐associated cryptogenic stroke and migraine, PFO closure plus antiplatelet therapy did not reduce the mean annual number of migraine attacks compared to antiplatelet therapy alone, in migraine patients both with and without aura.
Temporal encephaloceles in epilepsy patients and asymptomatic cases: Size may indicate epileptogenicity
Authors: Tsalouchidou Panagiota‐Eleni , Mintziras Ioannis , Biermann Louise , Krause Kristina , Bergmann Marc‐Philipp , Belke Marcus , Nimsky Christopher , Schulze Maximilian , Strzelczyk Adam , Rosenow Felix , Menzler Katja , Knake Susanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify temporal encephaloceles (TEs) and examine their characteristics in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE), as well as in asymptomatic cases.MethodsFour hundred fifty‐eight magnetic resonance imaging scans were examined retrospectively to identify TE in 157 patients with TLE, 150 patients with ETLE, and 151 healthy controls (HCs).ResultsAt least one TE was identified in 9.6% of the TLE patients (n = 15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3%–15.3%), in 3.3% of patients with ETLE (n = 5, 95% CI = 1.1%–7.6%), and in 2.0% of the HCs (n = 3, 95% CI = .4%–5.7%), indicating a significantly higher frequency in patients with TLE compared to ETLE and HC subjects (p = .027, p = .005). Examining the characteristics of TEs in both asymptomatic and epilepsy patients, we found that TEs with a diameter of less than 6.25 mm were more likely to be asymptomatic, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 73.3% (area under the curve = .867, 95% CI = .723–1.00, p = .001).SignificanceTemporal encephaloceles may occur without presenting any clinical symptoms. Patients with TLE show a higher frequency of TEs compared to the ETLE and HC groups. According to our study, TE size could be used to suggest potential epileptogenicity.
Attitudes Toward Stepfamily Relationships and Biological Relatedness: The Role of Family Experiences in Youth
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis research describes the attitudes that people have toward biological and nonbiological parenting and examines how living arrangements during youth affect people's attitudes as adults.BackgroundIt is generally believed that people have negative beliefs about nonbiological (i.e., step) family relationships, but there is little systematic research on such attitudes, and even less is known about how these come about. This topic is important given the long‐term increase in the number of stepfamilies, a trend that raises concerns as to whether attitudes toward stepfamilies can become more positive over time.MethodWe used Dutch survey data from 5,949 respondents aged 25 to 45 years with an oversample of people who grew up with a stepparent. The respondents' parents also were interviewed. Attitudes were measured in the same way for the two generations, and elaborate retrospective questions were asked about respondents' living arrangements in youth.ResultsPeople who grew up in a stepfamily had more positive attitudes about stepfamily relationships and more negative views on the relevance of biological relatedness. This effect was only present for stepfather and not for stepmother families. Part of this effect was due to parental attitudes, but even after these were taken into account, the effect of living arrangements in youth remained.ConclusionThe general public is divided about the relevance of biology for family relationships. Value socialization and observational learning in youth are both important for understanding people's attitudes toward stepfamily relationships.ImplicationsAs the number of stepfamilies keeps growing, normative support for stepparents may increase.
Species' traits drive amphibian tolerance to anthropogenic habitat modification
Authors: Liu Gracie , Rowley Jodi J. L. , Kingsford Richard T. , Callaghan Corey T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic habitat modification is accelerating, threatening the world's biodiversity. Understanding species' responses to anthropogenic modification is vital for halting species' declines. However, this information is lacking for globally threatened amphibians, informed primarily by small community‐level studies. We integrated >126,000 verified citizen science observations of frogs, with a global continuous measure of anthropogenic habitat modification for a continental scale analysis of the effects of habitat modification on frogs. We derived a modification tolerance index—accounting for anthropogenic stressors such as human habitation, agriculture, transport and energy production—for 87 species (36% of all Australian frog species). We used this index to quantify and rank each species' tolerance of anthropogenic habitat modification, then compiled traits of all the frog species and assessed how well these equipped species to tolerate modified habitats. Most of Australia's frog species examined were adversely affected by habitat modification. Habitat specialists and species with large geographic range sizes were the least tolerant of habitat modification. Call dominant frequency, body size, clutch type and calling position (i.e. from vegetation) were also related to tolerance of habitat modification. There is an urgent need for improved consideration of anthropogenic impacts and improved conservation measures to ensure the long‐term persistence of frog populations, particularly focused on specialists and species identified as intolerant of modified habitats.
A by‐product from virgin olive oil production (pâté) encapsulated by fluid bed coating: evaluation of the phenolic profile after shelf‐life test and invitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Bellumori Maria , De Marchi Laura , Mainente Federica , Zanoni Francesca , Cecchi Lorenzo , Innocenti Marzia , Mulinacci Nadia , Zoccatelli Gianni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPâté is a by‐product of virgin olive oil production presenting a high phenolic content and beneficial health effects. This research aims to evaluate the storage stability of phenolic compounds of pâté and a coated formulation, and to verify the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds. An accelerated shelf‐life test at 40 °C/75% relative humidity was carried out for 75 days. Different combinations of degradative and hydrolytic reactions impacted the results. Indeed, at the end of the storage period, 84% of phenols was recovered in pâté with free tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol showing an increase due to secoiridoids hydrolysis. The total phenolic content of coated pâté did not significantly decrease, showing a higher increment of free tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. Simulated digestion led to the liberation of 15% of phenols by both samples. In conclusion, the coating process improved the stability of pâté phenolic compounds without affecting their bioaccessibility.
A bacteriophage JN02 infecting multidrug‐resistant Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichiacoli: isolation, characterisation and application as a biocontrol agent in foods
Authors: Li Ya‐Ke , Wu Xin , Chen Hu , Zhao Yuan‐Yang , Shu Mei , Zhong Chan , Wu Guo‐Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBacteriophages are increasingly considered as novel biocontrol agents against Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC). In this study, a virulent phage JN02 capable of infecting MDR STEC was isolated, characterised and evaluating its efficacy in reducing MDR STEC in foods. One‐step growth and stability assay showed that JN02 had a relatively short latent period (15 min), large burst sizes (69 PFU/cell), and high physicochemical stability (temperature (30–60°C), pH (2–11), 0.1%, 1% pig bile salt, biocides and food additives (100% chloroform, 0.1% acetic acid, 1% potassium sorbate). In spot tests, 18 E. coli strains were sensitive to JN02. In efficiency of plating (EOP), 4 E. coli strains were sensitive to JN02. Electron microscopy and genome sequencing showed that JN02 belongs to the family Myoviridae. Importantly, no known virulence‐associated, lysogenic and antibiotic genes were identified in the genome of JN02. Viable cell counts of MDR STEC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in milk (no viable counts) and beef samples (1.0–1.9 log10 CFU cm−2 reduction) when treated with JN02 at 4 °C. The results indicated that JN02 might be a new potential natural biological control agent for MDR STEC in foods.
Enhancing oxidative stability of frying oils by low‐frequency radio wave treatment
Authors: Hong JiHee , Choi HyungSeok , Lee YoonHee , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRadio wave treatment (approximately 50 kHz frequency) on the oxidative stability was evaluated in corn oil at 180 °C and chicken frying oil for 150 cycles. Radio wave treatment decreased moisture content and critical micelle concentration of lecithin in corn oil. Moisture content in frying oil remained higher when radio wave was treated for the first 30 frying cycles. Radio wave treatment prevented lipid oxidation significantly in corn oil heated at 180 °C when moisture was not added (P < 0.05). p‐Anisidine value and total polar material in chicken frying oils treated with radio waves were significantly lower than those of frying oils without radio wave treatment (P < 0.05). Radio wave treatment enhanced the stability of tocopherols in corn oil heated at 180 °C in the absence of moisture, while the reverse result was observed with moisture addition. Overall, radio wave treatment can be a useful tool to enhance the oxidative stability of frying oils by modifying their moisture content and tocopherol stability.
Effects of ultrasound‐assisted resting on the qualities of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles
Authors: Xing Jun‐Jie , Qiao Ju‐Yuan , Yang Zhen , Guo Xiao‐Na , Zhu Ke‐Xue 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe effects of resting under ultrasonic treatment on the properties of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles were investigated. Compared with the control group, the resting time to reach the maximum breaking force and extensibility of whole wheat dough sheets treated with ultrasound was shortened by 20 min. The proportion of strongly bound water (T21) decreased, while the proportion of weakly bound water (T22) increased during resting, and the ultrasonic treatment could accelerate this moisture redistribution in the dough. The extent of the increase in gluten macropolymer and the decrease in –SH content of ultrasound‐treated wheat dough was higher than that of the control one during the initial 5–15 min resting, which could be related to the improvement of whole wheat dough extensibility. Whole wheat noodles showed a better breaking distance for 10 min of ultrasonic‐assisted resting. Ultrasonic treatment could be used to reduce the resting time of whole wheat dough sheets and improve the texture properties of noodles.
An optimization model for the management of green areas
Authors: Daniele Patrizia , Sciacca Daniele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present an optimization model for the management of the green area in order to find the optimal green surface to absorb CO2 emissions of industrialized cities. We obtain a minimization problem and the related variational inequality. We study the Lagrange theory to better understand the process that regulates the possible increase in green space. Then, we propose a computational procedure, based on the Euler method, to find the optimal solution to the variational inequality associated with our minimization problem and, finally, some numerical examples based on real scenarios.
Postoperative healing in the diabetic foot is impacted by discharge destination
Authors: Burmeister Rebecca A. , Jarocki Christine , Holmes Crystal M. , Rothenberg Gary M. , Munson Michael E. , Schmidt Brian M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of discharge destination on diabetes‐related limb salvage surgery outcomes post‐hospitalisation. This was a single‐centre, observational, descriptive study of 175 subjects with diabetes who underwent limb salvage surgery of a minor foot amputation or wide incision and debridement for an acutely infected diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Comparisons were made between subjects discharged home vs a skilled nursing facility (SNF) for 12 months postoperatively. Univariate, multivariate, and time‐to‐event analyses were performed. The SNF discharge group (n = 40) had worse outcomes with longer healing time (P = .022), more rehospitalisations requiring a podiatry consult (P = .009), increase of subsequent ipsilateral major lower‐extremity amputation (P = .028), and a higher mortality rate (P = .012) within the 12‐month postoperative period. There was no significant difference between the cohorts in surgically cleared osteomyelitis (P = .8434). The Charlson Comorbidity Index values for those discharged home and those in a short‐term nursing facility were similar (P = .3819; home =5.33 ± 2.84 vs SNF =5.75 ± 2.06). The planned discharge destination after limb salvage surgery among people with an acutely infected DFU should be an added risk factor for healing outcomes. Patients discharged to SNFs experience additional morbidity and mortality compared with patients discharged home post‐hospitalisation.
Outcomes in patients with chronic leg wounds in Denmark: A nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: Madsen Ulla Riis , Hyldig Nana , Juel Knud 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate incidence and predictors of wound healing, relapse, major amputation, and/or death among patients with chronic leg wounds who were referred to specialist treatment at hospital for their condition. A nationwide register‐based cohort study design was applied with 5 years of follow‐up. All patients with diagnoses of chronic leg wounds in Denmark between 2007 and 2012 were included (n = 8394). Clinical, social, and demographic individual‐level linked data from several Danish national registries were retrieved. Incidence rate per 1000 person‐years (PY) was calculated. Predictors were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Incidence rates of having a healed wound was 236 per 1000 PY. For relapse, the incidence rate was 75 per 1000 PY, for amputation 16 per 1000 PY, and for death 100 per 1000 PY. Diabetes, peripheral arteria disease, or other comorbidities were associated with decreased chance of wound healing and increased risk of relapse, major amputation, and death. Regional differences in all four outcomes were detected. Basic or vocational education independently predicted risk of amputation and death. This study provides epidemiological data that may help identify patients at particular risk of poor outcomes. It also elucidates social inequality in outcomes.
Age, gender, and risk‐taking: Evidence from the S&P 1500 executives and market‐based measures of firm risk
Authors: Peltomäki Jarkko , Sihvonen Jukka , Swidler Steve , Vähämaa Sami 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature by examining whether the age and gender of the firm's top executives influence market‐based measures of firm risk. Using data on the S&P 1500 firms, we document that chief executive officer (CEO) and chief financial officer (CFO) age and gender have a direct effect on market‐based firm risk measures in addition to the indirect influence they may have through corporate policy choices. Specifically, we find that firms led by older CEOs and CFOs have less volatile stock returns and lower idiosyncratic risk. Although the relationship between executive gender and firm risk is more equivocal, our results suggest that female‐led firms are associated with lower levels of total and idiosyncratic risks after controlling for firm‐specific attributes, policy choices, and managerial risk‐taking incentives. We also document that CEO and CFO age and gender do not influence the level of systematic risk. Overall, our empirical findings demonstrate that the age and gender of the firm's top executives may have important implications for firm riskiness.
Inhibition of autophagy‐dependent pyroptosis attenuates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhao Zongbo , Wu Tao , Zhang Qiu , Lu Fenying , Gu Jie , Jiang Tingwang , Xue Jianzhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAutophagy is closely associated with cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated whether Spautin‐1 ameliorates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy and whether its derived pyroptosis is involved in this process. We explored the mechanism of Spautin‐1 in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion. To answer these questions, healthy male Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. We found that cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion increased the expression levels of autophagy and pyroptosis‐related proteins. Treatment with Spautin‐1 reduced the infarct size and water content and restored some neurological functions. In vitro experiments were performed using oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation to model PC12 cells. The results showed that PC12 cells showed a significant decrease in cell viability and a significant increase in ROS and autophagy levels. Spautin‐1 treatment reduced autophagy and ROS accumulation and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent pyroptosis. However, these beneficial effects were greatly blocked by USP13 overexpression, which significantly counteracted the inhibition of autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent ferroptosis by Spautin‐1. Together, these results suggest that Spautin‐1 may ameliorate cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury via the autophagy/pyroptosis pathway. Thus, inhibition of autophagy may be considered as a promising therapeutic approach for cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury.
mGPDH Deficiency leads to melanoma metastasis via induced NRF2
Authors: Li Xing , Zhou Ling , Zhang Yiming , He Xuan , Lu Hao , Zhang Linlin , Tian Yongfeng , Liu Xiufei , Zheng Hongting , Shao Jiaqing , Long Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOxidative stress critically influences carcinogenesis and the progression of melanoma, and aggressive malignant melanoma activity is due to its high metastatic ability. Some findings in several cancer cell lines have indicated that mGPDH, a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, also modulates oxidative stress. However, the role of mGPDH in melanoma remains elusive. Here, we report that the mGPDH protein level is decreased in human skin melanoma compared to normal skin and decreased in metastatic melanoma compared to primary melanoma. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that mGPDH depletion accelerated melanoma migration and invasion without affecting proliferation or apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found elevated NRF2 protein levels in human skin melanoma and mGPDH‐knockout (ko) metastatic xenografts in the lungs of nude mice. Moreover, in A375 melanoma cells, the loss of mGPDH‐induced NRF2 expression but did not affect NRF2 protein degradation. Additionally, melanoma metastasis induced by the loss of mGPDH was rescued by the further down‐regulation of NRF2 in vivo and in vitro. Consistently, mGPDH overexpression (oe) depressed NRF2 expression and attenuated the malignant properties of melanoma cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that mGPDH suppresses melanoma metastasis by inhibiting NRF2 and downstream oxidative signals, highlighting the therapeutic potential of mGPDH for melanoma treatment.
Effectiveness, safety and utilization of vismodegib in locally advanced basal cell carcinoma under real‐world conditions in Germany – The non‐interventional study NIELS
Authors: Gutzmer R. , Schulze H.‐J. , Hauschild A. , Leiter U. , Meier F. , Haferkamp S. , Ulrich C. , Wahl R.U. , Berking C. , Herbst R. , Häckl M. , Schadendorf D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) can arise by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells from multiple epidermal compartments due to aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway. Vismodegib, a small‐molecule inhibitor of this pathway, is approved for treatment of patients with locally advanced (la) BCC inappropriate for surgery or radiotherapy or patients with symptomatic metastatic (m) BCC.ObjectivesThe aim of this non‐interventional study was to assess effectiveness with a special focus on duration of response (DOR), safety and utilization of vismodegib for treatment of laBCC in daily practice in Germany.MethodsThis non‐interventional study (NIS) observed treatment of laBCC with vismodegib according to the German label in clinical practice. All available patients who had received at least one dose of vismodegib between commercial availability of vismodegib in Germany (02 August 2013) and 3 years before end of study (31 March 2016) could be included and were documented retrospectively and/or prospectively for up to 3 years. Primary effectiveness variable was DOR. Assessment of tumour response was carried out by the treating physicians. Exploratory variables included utilization of vismodegib, decision makers for therapy and method of tumour response evaluation. All statistical analyses were descriptive.ResultsBetween September 2015 and March 2019, 66 patients were observed at 26 German centres. The objective response rate (ORR) was 74.2% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 90.9%. The median DOR was 15.9 months (95% CI: 9.2; 25.7; n = 49 patients with response). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 19.1 months and the median time to response (TTR) 2.7 months. A total of 340 adverse events were reported in 63 (95.5%) patients; no new safety signals were identified.ConclusionsThe NIS NIELS shows effectiveness and safety of vismodegib in patients with laBCC. It confirms the transferability of the results of the pivotal trial into routine clinical practice.