bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self Awareness as a Predictor of Adolescent Behavior among Nursing Students: A School Based Study
Authors: Tendolkar Vaishali D. , Suraj Shaini , Pande Pravin , Meshram Komal , Muley Parikshit 
Published: August 2021

Adolescence is “a period of great strain and stress, storm and strife’. Every individual wants to live a healthy and peaceful life. Each one must be aware of one’s strength, weakness, feelings, perceptions, thoughts, behaviours, initiation, motivations and actions particularly at specific life events. Self-awareness directs to perform any work in effective manner. Adolescents are expected to have highest level of self-awareness as it is the most important turning point in one’s life Objectives: 1) To assess the level of self-awareness among the adolescents. 2) To evaluate the social behaviour of the adolescents. 3) To find out the relationship between self-awareness on the social behaviour of the adolescents.
Research Design: Correlation study.
Population: Adolescents in the age group of 13-17 years both males and females Sample Size: 909.
MaterialS: Modified self-awareness Scale and Researcher developed Adolescent social behavior scale.
Results: Self-awareness has positive non-significant (r=0.004, p=0.91) relationship with the social behavior among adolescents.
Conclusion: The study findings reveal that as the self awareness improves there are chances of improving the social behavior of adolescents. There are many factors contributing to social behavior such as education, socio-economic status, parental education and their occupation, friends and facilities provided for growth, motivation of adolescents and the surrounding environment and most importantly the provisions for facilitating the interactions between these factors.
Dental Considerations in Pregnancy – A Systematic Review
Authors: Bashir Sana , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Sharma Anubhav , Arora Vikram , Varshney Shivangi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Good oral health during pregnancy can not only improve the health of the pregnant mother, but also potentially the health of her child. There is inconclusive and contrasting nature of evidence regarding the effect of pregnancy on oral health. So the purpose of this study was to systematically review the dental considerations during Pregnancy for further investigation.
Methods: For the identification of the studies included in this review, we devised the search strategy for each database. The search strategy used a union of controlled vocabulary and free text terms. The main electronic database used to access the studies were PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Review, Embase and Google Scholar.
Results: A total of 28 articles fulfilled the criteria and were selected for the review. Some prenatal oral health conditions have adverse effects on the child. Periodontitis is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight infants and high level of cariogenic bacteria in pregnant mother can lead to increased risk of dental caries in the infant. Oral lesions such as gingivitis and pregnancy tumours are benign in nature and require only reassurance and monitoring.
Conclusion: It has been suggested that some oral conditions may have adverse consequences on their children awareness related to oral health during pregnancy. Oral health care services should be routinely integrated with prenatal care services for all the pregnant women and specific preventive oral health care program should be made an integral part of antenatal care.
Okra-derived dietary Carotenoid lutein against Breast Cancer, with an Approach towards Developing a Nutraceutical Product: A Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Elkhalifa Abd Elmoneim O. , Al-Shammari Eyad , Alam Mohammad Jahoor , Alcantara Jerold C. , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Eltoum Nagat Elzein , Ashraf Syed Amir 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Cancer chemoprevention with phytochemicals such as “lutein” derived from the vegetable okra could prove beneficial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of “lutein” against the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and to establish the possible development of lutein based nutraceuticals.
Methodology: A literature survey was performed using online data bases such as PubMed, Google scholar, and EMBASE, from 2000 to 2020 by using keywords such as “Lutein”, “Anticancer activity”, “Breast cancer cell lines”, and “MCF-7”. Studies reported lutein anticancer potentials against MCF-7 were included in the study.
Results: Out of 28 studies, 7 research articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis data indicated that, a lutein concentration at ≥1 µM was able to reduce the MCF-7 cell viability of 59.837 with a 95% confidence interval (CI): 48.331 to 71.343. Additionally, a forest plot of the cumulative studies also indicated that impact of lutein concentration to reduce the MCF-7 cell viability was around 60%. Moreover, the I2 value of lutein was 74%, which is a considerable heterogeneity.
Conclusion: Therefore, based upon the meta-analysis data, the conclusion is that dietary lutein supplementation and fortification of food with clinical data could be an approach to develop a nutraceutical product for preventive, as well as for adjunct therapeutic purposes in various breast cancer subtypes.
Correlation of Hamstring Flexibility with Sitting Hours and Physical Activity among Physiotherapy Students
Authors: Shukla Maitri , Patel Purvi 
Published: August 2021

Background: The hamstring group is an example of muscles which is commonly found to be shortened. Hamstring tightness is caused by extended or prolonged sitting at work places and educational institutions, inadequate physical activity, genetic predisposition, previous injury to hamstring.
Objectives: To assess the hamstring flexibility in college students along with their sitting hours and physical activity.
Material & Methods: 150 students of college of physiotherapy were included via convenient sampling in the study. Popliteal angle was measured using active knee extension test (AKE). All students’ sitting hours and physical activity were noted.
Results: In this study, mean values of popliteal Angle was higher than 20 degree. There was a significant difference correlation between popliteal angle and sitting hours as well as physical activity (p value <0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed tightness of hamstring in college students. There is a significant increase in tightness with more sitting and less physical activity.
Hierarchical Cross‐Linked Carbon Aerogels with Transition Metal‐Nitrogen Sites for Highly Efficient Industrial‐Level CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Yikai , Wang Xinyue , Zheng Sixing , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Lu Jianguo , Zhang Qinghua , Adli Nadia Mohd. , Lei Lecheng , Wu Gang , Hou Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient carbon aerogels (CA) electrocatalysts based on transition metal‐nitrogen sites is critical for the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). However, simultaneously achieving a high current density and high Faradaic efficiency (FE) still remains a big challenge. Herein, a series of unique 3D hierarchical cross‐linked nanostructured CA with metal‐nitrogen sites (MN, M = Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu) is developed for efficient CO2RR. An optimal CA/N‐Ni aerogel, featured with unique hierarchical porous structure and highly exposed M‐N sites, exhibits an unusual CO2RR activity with a CO FE of 98% at −0.8 V. Notably, an industrial current density of 300 mA cm−2 with a high FE of 91% is achieved on CA/N‐Ni aerogel in a flow‐cell reactor, which outperforms almost all previously reported M‐N/carbon based catalysts. The CO2RR activity of different CA/N‐M aerogels can be arranged as Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, and Cu from high to low. In situ spectroelectrochemistry analyses validate that the rate‐determining step in the CO2RR is the formation of *COOH intermediate. A ZnCO2 battery is further assembled with CA/N‐Ni as the cathode, which shows a maximum power density of 0.5 mW cm−2 and a superior rechargeable stability.
Bifunctional Hydrated Gel Electrolyte for Long‐Cycling Zn‐Ion Battery with NASICON‐Type Cathode
Authors: Lin Xidong , Zhou Guodong , Liu Jiapeng , Robson Matthew J. , Yu Jing , Wang Yuhao , Zhang Zhiqi , Kwok Stephen C. T. , Ciucci Francesco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries are promising and safe energy storage technologies. However, current aqueous electrolyte Zn‐ion battery technology is hindered by undesirable reactions between the electrolyte and electrodes, which can lead to Zn dendrite growth, gas evolution, and cathode degradation. In this study, a hydrated gel electrolyte (HGE) that combines adiponitrile (ADN) and Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O in a polymeric framework is created. ADN is found to stabilize the interface between the electrolyte and anode/cathode, enabling smooth Zn stripping/plating and reducing parasitic reactions. The HGE is simple to fabricate, inexpensive, safe, and flexible. Zn/HGE/Zn symmetrical cells can cycle more than 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 2000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 without short‐circuiting, indicating effective suppression of Zn dendrites. Moreover, with a NASICON‐type Sr‐doped Na3V2(PO4)3 (SNVP) cathode, a Zn/HGE/SNVP full cell can be cycled over 8000 times at 10 C while retaining a high capacity of 90 mAh g−1.
Daratumumab Immunopolymersome‐Enabled Safe and CD38‐Targeted Chemotherapy and Depletion of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yu Na , Zhang Yifan , Li Jiaying , Gu Wenxing , Yue Shujing , Li Bin , Meng Fenghua , Sun Huanli , Haag Rainer , Yuan Jiandong , Zhong Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a second ranking hematological malignancy. Despite the fast advancement of new treatments such as bortezormib and daratumumab, MM patients remain incurable and tend to eventually become relapsed and drug‐resistant. Development of novel therapies capable of depleting MM cells is strongly needed. Here, daratumumab immunopolymersomes carrying vincristine sulfate (Dar‐IPs‐VCR) are reported for safe and high‐efficacy CD38‐targeted chemotherapy and depletion of orthotopic MM in vivo. Dar‐IPs‐VCR made by postmodification via strain‐promoted click reaction holds tailored antibody density (2.2, 4.4 to 8.7 Dar per IPs), superb stability, small size (43–49 nm), efficacious VCR loading, and glutathione‐responsive VCR release. Dar4.4‐IPs‐VCR induces exceptional anti‐MM activity with an IC50 of 76 × 10−12 m to CD38‐positive LP‐1 MM cells, 12‐ and 20‐fold enhancement over nontargeted Ps‐VCR and free VCR controls, respectively. Intriguingly, mice bearing orthotopic LP‐1‐Luc MM following four cycles of i.v. administration of Dar4.4‐IPs‐VCR at 0.25 mg VCR equiv. kg−1 reveal complete depletion of LP‐1‐Luc cells, superior survival rate to all controls, and no body weight loss. The bone and histological analyses indicate bare bone and organ damage. Dar‐IPs‐VCR appears as a safe and targeted treatment for CD38‐overexpressed hematological malignancies.
Synaptic Plasticity Powering Long‐Afterglow Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Chen Yusheng , Wang Hanlin , Yao Yifan , Wang Ye , Ma Chun , Samorì Paolo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong‐lasting luminescence in optoelectronic devices is highly sought after for applications in optical data storage and display technology. While in light‐emitting diodes this is achieved by exploiting long‐afterglow organic materials as active components, such a strategy has never been pursued in light‐emitting transistors, which are still rather unexplored and whose technological potential is yet to be demonstrated. Herein, the fabrication of long‐afterglow organic light‐emitting transistors (LAOLETs) is reported whose operation relies on an unprecedented strategy based on a photoinduced synaptic effect in an inorganic indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) semiconducting channel layer, to power a persistent electroluminescence in organic light‐emitting materials. Oxygen vacancies in the IGZO layer, produced by irradiation at λ = 312 nm, free electrons in excess yielding to a channel conductance increase. Due to the slow recombination kinetics of photogenerated electrons to oxygen vacancies in the channel layer, the organic material can be fueled by postsynaptic current and displays a long‐lived light‐emission (hundreds of seconds) after ceasing UV irradiation. As a proof‐of‐concept, the LAOLETs are integrated in active‐matrix light‐emitting arrays operating as visual UV sensors capable of long‐lifetime green‐light emission in the irradiated regions.
A human craniofacial life‐course: Cross‐sectional morphological covariations during postnatal growth, adolescence, and aging
Authors: Jeffery Nathan S. , Humphreys Craig , Manson Amy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCovariations between anatomical structures are fundamental to craniofacial ontogeny, maturation, and aging and yet are rarely studied in such a cognate fashion. Here, we offer a comprehensive investigation of the human craniofacial complex using freely available software and MRI datasets representing 575 individuals from 0 to 79 years old. We employ both standard craniometrics methods as well as Procrustes‐based analyses to capture and document cross‐sectional trends. Findings suggest that anatomical structures behave primarily as modules, and manifest integrated patterns of shape change as they compete for space, particularly with relative expansions of the brain during early postnatal life and of the face during puberty. Sexual dimorphism was detected in infancy and intensified during adolescence with gender differences in the magnitude and pattern of morphological covariation as well as of aging. These findings partly support the spatial‐packing hypothesis and reveal important insights into phenotypic adjustments to deep‐rooted, and presumably genetically defined, trajectories of morphological size and shape change that characterize the normal human craniofacial life‐course.
Morphofunctional examination of the carpal bones of pygmy hippopotamus from Ayia Napa, Cyprus
Authors: Georgitsis Michail K. , Liakopoulou Dionysia Ε. , Theodorou Georgios E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study provides a complete morphological description and functional analysis of the carpal bones of the endemic pygmy hippopotamus Phanourios minor, derived from the Upper Pleistocene site of Ayia Napa. From this deposit, numerous skeletal remains of this fossil hippo have been collected, making the locality one of the richest in Cyprus. The carpal bones were compared with those of extant hippopotamuses, to determine the changes that occurred in the fossil hippo. Examination of the elements showed that Phanourios presented some important features that were common among the endemic fossil ungulates of the Mediterranean islands. The carpal bones display a proximal–distal compression due to shortening of the distal part of the leg, due to the new ecological island conditions. However, they are robust with rough areas for strong muscular and ligament insertions, providing stability to the carpal joints, and low speed movement to the animal. The great flexor capabilities, and the limitation in ulnar deviation of the carpus, indicate that P. minor had increased agility in the sagittal plane and restricted transverse movements, while the suggestion of a more unguligrade stance for the species is ambiguous. Thus, the endemic Cypriot hippos developed specialized locomotion, suitable for walking on the rugged terrain of Cyprus, which seems to be different from that of its extant counterparts.
Association of Sputum Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Subsets With IgA Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Subjects at Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Okamoto Yuko , Devoe Stephanie , Seto Nickie , Minarchick Valerie , Wilson Timothy , Rothfuss Heather M. , Mohning Michael P. , Arbet Jaron , Kroehl Miranda , Visser Ashley , August Justin , Thomas Stacey M. , Charry Laura Lenis , Fleischer Chelsie , Feser Marie L. , Frazer‐Abel Ashley A. , Norris Jill M. , Cherrington Brian D. , Janssen William J. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Deane Kevin D. , Holers V. Michael , Demoruelle M. Kristen 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveMechanisms leading to anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) generation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are hypothesized to originate in the lung. We undertook this study to understand associations between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the lung and local ACPA generation in subjects at risk of developing RA.MethodsInduced sputum was collected from 49 subjects at risk of developing RA, 12 patients with RA, and 18 controls. Sputum neutrophils were tested for ex vivo NET formation, and sputum‐induced NET formation of control neutrophils was measured using immunofluorescence imaging. Sputum macrophages were tested for ex vivo endocytosis of apoptotic and opsonized cells. Levels of ACPA, NET remnants, and inflammatory proteins were quantified in sputum supernatant.ResultsSpontaneous citrullinated histone H3 (Cit‐H3)–expressing NET formation was higher in sputum neutrophils from at‐risk subjects and RA patients compared to controls (median 12%, 22%, and 0%, respectively; P < 0.01). In at‐risk subjects, sputum IgA ACPA correlated with the percentage of neutrophils that underwent Cit‐H3+ NET formation (r = 0.49, P = 0.002) and levels of Cit‐H3+ NET remnants (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). Reduced endocytic capacity of sputum macrophages was found in at‐risk subjects and RA patients compared to controls. Using a mediation model, we found that sputum inflammatory proteins were associated with sputum IgA ACPA through a pathway mediated by Cit‐H3+ NET remnants. Sputum‐induced Cit‐H3+ NET formation also correlated with sputum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor in at‐risk subjects, suggesting a causal relationship.ConclusionThese data support a potential mechanism for mucosal ACPA generation in subjects at risk of developing RA, whereby inflammation leads to increased citrullinated protein–expressing NETs that promote local ACPA generation.
Bismuth ferrite Fenton‐like pretreatment improves lactic acid production from corn stover without detoxification by Bacillus coagulans
Authors: Li Hong , Ke Xuejia , Li Ming , Zhang Yuting , Peng Nan , Xiao Naidong , Zhou Wenbing , Hu Jinlong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgricultural stover is attractive as a raw material for lactic acid (LA) and polylactic acid (PLA) production because it does not compete with other food sources. The demand for PLA is extremely high. Pretreatment is an important step for LA production from agricultural stover. It improves the degradability of cellulose but always generates fermentation inhibitors. In this study, corn stover was pretreated with ammonia combined with a bismuth ferrite Fenton‐like process and then used for LA production through simultaneous enzymic saccharification and fermentation without detoxification treatment. The LA titer and yield were 92.35 ± 2.25 g L−1 and 0.62 g/g in fed batch fermentation under nonsterile conditions. Traces of formic acid were detected at the beginning of all experiments and disappeared during fermentation. Specific surface area and scanning electron microscopy observations of lignocellulose showed that there were many pore holes in pretreated corn stover fiber, which obviously improved the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. These results indicated that the bismuth ferrite Fenton‐like process is an economical and efficient pretreatment method that can improve the degradability of fiber, reduce inhibitors, and then achieve high LA production without detoxification and sterilization. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Acute kidney injury in cardiogenic shock: The powerful distortions of survivor bias
Authors: Tehrani David M. , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: August 2021

Key PointsThe SCAI Shock Classification formalized definitions of cardiogenic shock and is prognostic for mortality.This retrospective analysis found that AKI was prognostic for mortality in patients at risk of or in early shock, but was paradoxically associated with lower mortality in SCAI Shock D or E.Survival bias explains this result and the risks in other mental shortcuts made in science and society.
Efficient Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light by Bimetallic Phosphide NiCoP Combined with g‐C3N4/CdS S‐Scheme Heterojunction
Authors: Ma Wangyang , Zheng Dewen , Xian Yuxi , Hu Xianhai , Zhang Qian , Wang Shanyu , Cheng Congliang , Liu Jin , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen evolution is a promising method to convert solar energy. Here, the heterojunction structure of g‐C3N4/CdS was modified by NiCoP prepared by one‐step method for the first time, and the photocatalyst NiCoP‐g‐C3N4/CdS was successfully designed and prepared, which can effectively separate and transfer photogenerated electrons and efficient hydrogen evolution under visible light. Moreover, NiCoP‐g‐C3N4/CdS photocatalyst has abundant surface‐active sites, and its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance has been greatly improved. When NiCoP content was 5 % in NiCoP‐g‐C3N4/CdS, the catalytic activity was the highest, and the hydrogen production rate reached an astonishing 55.63 mmol h−1 g−1, which was 23.35 times that of CdS (2.38 mmol h−1 g−1) and 11.51 times that of g‐C3N4/CdS (4.84 mmol h−1 g−1). In addition, NiCoP‐g‐C3N4/CdS photocatalyst has excellent stability for hydrogen production. The materials were characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV‐Vis DRS, FTIR, UPS, N2 adsorption‐desorption process and electrochemical test etc. At the same time, the possible mechanism of NiCoP‐g‐C3N4/CdS photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction is proposed. This study provides a new idea for the rational design of heterojunction photocatalyst and transition metal phosphide cocatalyst.
Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation over the Pt−TiN Interfacial Dual Sites
Authors: Yang Yifei , Zhou Linsen , Chen Jun , Qiu Ruizhi , Yao Yunxi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe metal‐support interfacial synergistic catalysis allows the competitive reaction steps to occur in close proximity at different sites, thus decreasing the activation barrier and improving the catalytic efficiency. Combining the structural characterization, reactivity assessments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is found that highly dispersed Pt clusters on TiN substrates favor the formation of Pt−TiN interfacial dual sites, which are highly reactive for the low‐temperature CO oxidation with an apparent activation energy as low as 38.7 kJ mol−1, much less than that on the traditional Pt/TiO2 or Pt/SiO2 catalysts. At low temperature, the surface sites of Pt are saturated with CO adsorption due to its high adsorption energy and the molecular O2 dissociatively adsorbs on the Ti sites to form the titanium oxynitride (TiNxOy) skin with a low barrier of 0.1 eV. The O atoms binding on Ti sites readily react with the adjacent CO molecules adsorbed on the perimeter of Pt clusters to attain a catalytic cycle with a reaction barrier of 0.5 eV. The interfacial synergistic effect between Pt and TiN is the origin of the low temperature CO oxidation activity on the metal‐nitride catalysts.