bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Factors and Hospital Outcomes Associated With Atypical Presentation in Hospitalized Older Adults With COVID-19 During the First Surge of the Pandemic
Authors: Marziliano Allison , Burns Edith , Chauhan Lakshpaul , Liu Yan , Makhnevich Alex , Zhang Meng , Carney Maria T , Dbeis Yasser , Lindvall Charlotta , Qiu Michael , Diefenbach Michael A , Sinvani Liron 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Literature indicates an atypical presentation of COVID-19 among older adults (OAs). Our purpose is to identify the frequency of atypical presentation and compare demographic and clinical factors, and short-term outcomes, between typical versus atypical presentations in OAs hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first surge of the pandemic.

Methods
Data from the inpatient electronic health record were extracted for patients aged 65 and older, admitted to our health systems’ hospitals with COVID-19 between March 1 and April 20, 2020. Presentation as reported by the OA or his/her representative is documented by the admitting professional and includes both symptoms and signs. Natural language processing was used to code the presence/absence of each symptom or sign. Typical presentation was defined as words indicating fever, cough, or shortness of breath; atypical presentation was defined as words indicating functional decline or altered mental status.

Results
Of 4 961 unique OAs, atypical presentation characterized by functional decline or altered mental status was present in 24.9% and 11.3%, respectively. Atypical presentation was associated with older age, female gender, Black race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, higher comorbidity index, and the presence of dementia and diabetes mellitus. Those who presented typically were 1.39 times more likely than those who presented atypically to receive intensive care unit–level care. Hospital outcomes of mortality, length of stay, and 30-day readmission were similar between OAs with typical versus atypical presentations.

Conclusion
Although atypical presentation in OAs is not associated with the same need for acute intervention as respiratory distress, it must not be dismissed.
Itinerant Saint: The Architecture of Golden Goa and the 1952 Exposition of St. Francis Xavier’s Relics
Authors: Kandolkar Vishvesh Prabhakar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Francis Xavier (1506–52) was Spanish, but it was the Portuguese who kept his legacy alive in their Asian colonies. Although Xavier died in China, it was Goa—capital of the Portuguese Empire in Asia—that received his mortal remains in 1554, which were believed to be miraculously preserved from blemish. This article concerns the 1952 exposition of the saint’s relics, which marked 400 years of Xavier’s death and was attended by a record number of pilgrims. Although the exposition was intended to celebrate a saint, the state (Estado Novo) used the occasion to showcase Goa’s Europeanised culture for propaganda. With the pressure from newly Independent India to oust the Portuguese from Goa, the Estado Novo refused to cede any part of its overseas territory on the basis of its uniqueness from the neighbouring region. The state used the exposition, and the large gathering of devotees attending it, to make a point that Goa continued to remain an integral part of the Portuguese nation. Ostensibly, the state changed the venue of the exposition from the Basilica of Bom Jesus to Sé Cathedral. Although the basilica had been hosting the periodic exposition from 1859 to 1942, the cathedral was considered to be architecturally a much bigger and richer monument. This shift of the exposition to the cathedral was also aimed at adding a new ritual to the event: a grand procession of Xavier’s body from one church to another. Located 1000 feet apart from each other, the procession traversed a public open space between these historical buildings, wherein a record number of devotees could witness/participate this event simultaneously. While the body of Xavier and architecture of Old Goa were relics from the heyday of the empire, the state also wanted to use the faithful, who came in large numbers to celebrate this occasion, as visual evidence to showcase the longevity of Portuguese presence in Goa.
Peripheral facial nerve schwannoma at the inferior mandibular margin: a case report
Authors: Sakakibara Akiko , Hasegawa Takumi , Takeda Daisuke , Kusumoto Junya , Sakakibara Shunsuke , Akashi Masaya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSchwannomas commonly occur in the head and neck region as acoustic neuromas. Facial nerve schwannomas are rare and usually occur in the temporal region. A 57-year-old woman presented with a mass at the right mandibular margin. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a schwannoma located immediately caudal to the mental foramen. We were initially uncertain whether it arose from the trigeminal nerve or the facial nerve. Excision was performed under general anesthesia. The mass was encapsulated and easily detached from the surrounding tissue. The nerve of origin was identified proximal to the tumor. A facial nerve origin was confirmed as the muscles supplied by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve moved on nerve stimulation. Nerve fibers were not found distal to the tumor, possibly because they had been cut during excision. We believe that this is the first report of a schwannoma arising from the peripheral facial nerve.
Two-blackbody portraits of radiation from magnetized neutron stars
Authors: Yakovlev D G 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We study a simple model describing thermal radiation spectra from magnetized neutron stars. The model assumes that a star is nearly spherical and isothermal inside and possesses dipole magnetic fields (B ≲ 1014 G) near the surface, which make the surface temperature distribution non-uniform. We assume further that any surface element emits a blackbody (BB) spectrum with a local effective temperature. We show that such thermal spectra (including phase-resolved) are accurately approximated by simple equivalent two-BB (2BB) models. We introduce and study phase-space maps of 2BB parameters and show that these maps can be useful for interpreting neutron star observations, in which 2BB spectral fits have been done.
Probing large-scale UV background inhomogeneity associated with quasars using metal absorption
Authors: Morrison Sean , Pieri Matthew M , Som Debopam , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We study large-scale UV background inhomogeneity in three-dimensions associated with the observed quasar populations at high redshift. We do this by measuring metal absorption through quasar absorption spectrum stacking as a function distance to closest quasar in SDSS-IV/eBOSS on 10 s of comoving megaparsec scales. We study both intergalactic medium absorbers and mixed circumgalactic medium absorbers and probe absorption in O vi, C iv, and Si iv, and Si iii. Overall, stronger high ionization species absorption is seen closer to quasars at 2.4 &lt; z &lt; 3.1. O vi absorption shows a particularly strong change, with effects in C iv evident in some cases, and more marginal effects in Si iii and Si iv. We further study 2.05 &lt; z &lt; 2.4 (with weak signs of increasing homogeneity with time) and explore the study of metal absorption as a function of integrated SDSS-r band flux quasar flux (yielding consistent but less significant results). While the metal absorption does show sensitivity to large-scale 3D quasar proximity, the current incomplete quasar samples limit detailed interpretation. This work does, however, demonstrate that UV background inhomogeneities exist on scales of several 10 s of comoving megaparsecs associated with quasars and that they can be measured with precision by examining metal absorption in the intergalactic medium.
Clinical Characteristics, Course, and Outcomes of Vertebral Artery Dissections in the Postpartum Period
Authors: Azad Hooman A , Prasad Nikil , Shlobin Nathan A , Mitra Akash , Cloney Michael B , Hopkins Benjamin S , Jahromi Babak S , Potts Matthew B , Dahdaleh Nader S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Postpartum vertebral artery dissections (ppVADs) are rare but potentially morbid conditions that occur in otherwise healthy patients.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical characteristics of ppVADs.

METHODS
Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected on ppVADs and are presented in a case series of 12 patients and compared to the general cohort.

RESULTS
In total, 12 patients had ppVADs in our cohort of 310 patients with vertebral artery dissections (VADs). They occurred 11.27 days (95% CI, −0.85 to 23.39) postdelivery. Of these, there were 5 (42%) with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, and 4 (33%) who had migraines. A total of 3 (25%) had ischemic strokes and 1 (8%) had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. In total, 2 patients (17%) had unfavorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS, 2-6) at discharge from hospital. Patients with ppVADs more often had bilateral VADs (42% vs 17%, P = .03), had pseudoaneurysms (50% vs 18%, P = .0068), were younger (33.83 years vs 44.32 years, P = .018), and had lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI = 0 vs 0.99, P = .0038). Anticoagulant treatment was used in a similar percentage of patients. Multivariate analysis revealed 3 factors were predictive of change in mRS: CCI (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.02-1.15), stroke (OR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.65-0.95), and mRS at hospital discharge (OR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.74-0.87).

CONCLUSION
There are only 15 isolated ppVADs reported in the literature; this study adds 12 patients with 17 ppVADs. Postpartum VADs occur in younger, healthier patients than in the general cohort, raising questions about mechanism of injury. The majority of ppVADs have good neurological outcomes.
Risks of Opportunistic Infections in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With Cancers Treated With Chemotherapy
Authors: Makinson Alain , Park Lesley S , Stone Kimberly , Tate Janet , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Brown Sheldon T , Wadia Roxanne , Crothers Kristina , Bedimo Roger , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Shebl Fatma , Reynes Jacques , Moing Vincent Le , Sigel Keith M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
We ascertained incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) with cancer undergoing chemotherapy with non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comparators.

Methods
We identified 2106 PWH and 2981 uninfected Veterans with cancer who received at least 1 dose of chemotherapy between 1996 and 2017 from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. We ascertained incident OIs within 6 months of chemotherapy amongst zoster, cytomegalovirus, tuberculosis, Candida esophagitis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, atypical Mycobacterium infection, Salmonella bacteremia, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. We used Poisson methods to calculate OI incidence rates by HIV status, stratifying for hematological and nonhematological tumors. We compared OI rates by HIV status, using inverse probability weights of HIV status, further adjusting for PCP prophylaxis.

Results
We confirmed 106 OIs in 101 persons. Adjusted OI incidence rate ratios (IRRs) indicated higher risk in PWH for all cancers (IRR, 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8–8.2), hematological cancers (IRR, 8.2; 95% CI, 2.4–27.3), and nonhematological cancers (IRR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.1–7.2). Incidence rate ratios were not significantly higher in those with CD4 &gt;200 cells/mm3 and viral load &lt;500 copies/mL (IRR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9–3.2). All PCP cases (n = 11) occurred in PWH, with 2 microbiologically unconfirmed cases among 1467 PWH with nonhematological cancers, no PCP prophylaxis, and CD4 counts &gt;200/mm3.

Conclusions
Veterans with HIV undergoing chemotherapy had higher rates of OIs than uninfected Veterans, particularly those with hematological cancers, but not in PWH with HIV controlled disease. Our study does not support systematic PCP prophylaxis in solid tumors in PWH with HIV controlled disease.
Hearing
Authors: Riddell Fraser 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article explores the significance of the body in decadent writing about music. It focuses on the fictional and nonfictional writings of the American journalist and critic James Gibbons Huneker (1857–1921). Huneker’s texts demonstrate the striking ways in which literary decadence aligns musical experience with nervous illness and madness, how it dwells on the materiality of sound as it is sensed through the body, and how it frames musical talent as fundamentally shaped by the gender, sexuality, and race of performers and listeners. The article concludes by examining those decadent musical cultures that Huneker’s writings overlook, such as the Harlem Renaissance, to demonstrate how literary texts present new modes of decadent community emerging from embodied and affective responses to music.
Book Arts
Authors: MacLeod Kirsten 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, decadent culture is manifest not only between the covers of a book, but also on them, with the book itself taking material form as an aesthetic artifact of the very culture the book describes. This essay considers this phenomenon in relation to the livres de luxe produced by French bibliophile societies of this era. Following an outline of French bibliophile culture and its promotion of a decadent trend in the French book, Huysmans’s À rebours (Against Nature, 1884) serves as case study to consider the decadent materiality of the book, in two senses: first, how decadent bibliophilia and the decadent book arts are represented in this novel; second, how the novel itself was subject to decadent embodiment in a 1903 edition produced for the society Les Cent Bibliophiles, and in a series of unique bindings commissioned by its bibliophile owners.
Philosophy
Authors: Huddleston Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Decadence is a perennial theme in philosophy. But tracing the arc of decline becomes an especially prominent focus of attention in European philosophy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This article explains and contrasts several “narratives of decadence” in the post-Kantian tradition. The article first lays out briefly the basics of G. W. F. Hegel’s optimistic view of progress and history as a foil and point of reference, then turns to expounding several narratives of decadence from other canonical philosophical figures in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries—specifically, from Friedrich Nietzsche, from Martin Heidegger, and from Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. All of these thinkers see modern humanity as being, in some (often quite nuanced) sense, in a decadent state, but all have a rather different diagnosis of what that fallen state consists of, and of how (or whether) we might be able to extricate ourselves from it.
Flaked Stone Tools of Holocene Sahul
Authors: Maloney Tim Ryan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article reviews the Holocene records of flaked stone artefacts from the Sahul regions of New Guinea and northern Australia. Varied approaches to understanding the role of flaked stone tools in past societies have revealed novel insights into how humanity has adapted and thrived in this region, both ecologically and socially, in this period of immense environmental change and diversity. This review focuses on analytical approaches to convey how the latest Holocene technological organisation models are inferred from different flaked stone tool records. In doing so, it outlines a best-practice approach to understanding the underlying causes of flaked stone tool variability and revisits a contrast between Holocene hunter-gatherers and agriculturists.
Deianeira, Death, and Apotheosis
Authors: Romero-González Dámaris 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter is focused, in the first part, on the character of Deianeira, especially on her relationship with Achelous, Nessus, and Heracles and how she deals with them. The consequences of these relations are negative, as her name implies (“killer of men”). They are defeated or killed. However, some authors exonerate Deianeira of culpability for Heracles’ death. The death of Heracles and his following apotheosis are examined in the second part. Once he is burned both by the poisoned tunic and the pyre, Heracles’ afterlife is located both in Hades (his mortal part) and with the gods (his immortal part), among whom he enjoys a second youth and a marriage to Hebe, as a prize for his worldly sufferings. Finally, the chapter ends with an analysis of Deianeira’s associations with magic.
Epic
Authors: Barker Elton , Christensen Joel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As the son of Zeus, accomplisher of great tasks, and civilizing agent, Heracles appears an archetypal hero, central to any number of myths and whose deeds dominate artistic representation. Yet his appearances in extant early Greek hexameter poetry are fleeting and carefully circumscribed. In this chapter we survey the references to an epic Heracles in order to establish common elements (his “fabula”); consider what picture emerges from the (fragmentary) epics devoted to him; and examine his role in the foundational epics of Hesiod and Homer. Heracles comes across as a quintessential hero who metes out and endures suffering, while simultaneously appearing outlandish, excessive, and one of a kind. His extreme individualism marks him out as a problematic figure in Homer’s grand coalition narratives that represent and interrogate political participation.
Heracles and Melqart
Authors: Daniels Megan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the interrelationships between the Greek Heracles and Phoenician Melqart in cult, myth, and iconography from the Iron Age to Roman period. It articulates these connections not as a simple one-to-one equation of Heracles and Melqart, but rather views the long-term syncretism of these god-heroes as representative of the shared ideologies and cultural mentalities that emerged from human interactions and endeavors around the Mediterranean world in the first millennium BC. As such, a major focus of this chapter is the equivocal statuses that Heracles and Melqart inhabit between mortality and immortality, a status of particular concern for Greek and Roman authors in their portrayal of Heracles, and reflected also in cultic practices surrounding these figures in terms of their death and apotheosis. This status held particular significance for Heracles’ and Melqart’s roles in human affairs as divinized royal ancestors and colonizers par excellence, roles arguably expressed through their bellicose and leonine iconography. Examining the intersections between Heracles and Melqart thus reveals a great deal about human enterprises in the Mediterranean from the Iron Age to the Roman period.
Labor V
Authors: Mitchell Fiona 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Heracles’ cleaning of the Augean stables is the least glamorous of his Labors: we see a paradigmatic hero reduced to the menial task of mucking out animals. As a result, the number of extant accounts and images of this Labor is relatively small. The texts and images that include this narrative often downplay Heracles’ contact with the object of his task by focusing on his supernatural ability to redirect the river he uses to clear the dung. Nevertheless, the very fact that Heracles is acting as a servant to Augeas under the orders of Eurystheus means that he is necessarily in a subservient position. Each of the versions of this Labor deals differently with the complex relationship between heroism, status, money, and violence that results from Heracles’ position in this myth.
Labor VI
Authors: Aston Emma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter surveys the literary and visual treatments of Heracles’ encounter with the Stymphalian Birds. While some ancient accounts make the birds dangerous adversaries, in most they are merely pests that infest Stymphalus, hampering agriculture; this Labor is therefore less about the vanquishing of a mighty animal foe and more about the clearing of land for cultivation. It is argued that the Labor is part of a complex of local Arcadian myth in which the forces of nature have to be subdued and controlled so that human society can prosper. The birds themselves are an important part of the self-representation of the polis of Stymphalus, through cult and coinage.
Gendering the Human Right to Water in the Context of Sustainable
Development
Authors: Sultana Farhana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The 2010 United Nations resolution on the human right to water urged the global community to accept and implement equitable access to safe clean water for all. In addition, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the development targets for the global community between 2016 and 2030, articulated the importance of two interconnected and important SGDs: the connections between gender equity (SDG5) and access to water (SDG6). Given these global policy imperatives, countries face normative goals of achieving difficult and complex sets of rights and justices regarding water and gender equity. As a result, how policy prescriptions and ambitions are materialized on the ground require closer attention to the ways that gender–water relations are co-constitutive of broader issues of development and social justice in any given context. More significant action is thus needed to address the socioecological issues that affect access to, control over, and rights to water, which have intersectional gendered implications and impact the lived realities of water justice and injustice on the ground. The chapter investigates the comparative politics around the human right to water and the increasing commodification of water through a gendered lens to interrogate broader sustainable development goals. The author argues that implementing the human right to water can help achieve broader issues of gender equity and gender justice when carried out with better intersectional understanding of gender.
The First Calvinist Encounters with New World Religions
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
European Calvinists first encountered Native Americans during three brief expeditions of French adventurers to Brazil and Florida during the mid-sixteenth century. Although short-lived and rarely noted, these expeditions produced a remarkable commentary by Huguenots on the Tupinamba people of Brazil and the Timucuan people of Florida. Informed by Calvinist understandings of human nature and humanist approaches to cultural observation, authors such as Jean de Léry produced narratives that posed European and Christian decadence against the sociability and honesty of Native Americans. They used their experiences in America to suggest that Huguenots in France, like indigenous people in America, ought to be tolerated for their civic virtues whatever their doctrinal allegiances. Huguenot travel writings indicate variations in Calvinist approaches to Native peoples from the mid-sixteenth through the seventeenth centuries.
‘If thou reckon right’: Angels from John Calvin to Jonathan Edwards via John Milton
Authors: Minkema Kenneth P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) was part of a neo-Calvinist heritage, but he did not claim to be a disciple of the Genevan Reformer. One area of divergence in interpretation was their teachings about angels. Calvin lessened the roles of angels, ascribing to them certain mysteries beyond human comprehension, while Edwards explored angelic nature and history, initially seeing analogies between angels and humans, and then as part of his grand project, A History of the Work of Redemption. In the process, he was shaped by authors in his New England past, including Increase and Cotton Mather, who intently explored the supernatural realm. He also drew on a variety of religious poets within Anglo-American Protestant religious culture that included John Milton, whose influential depiction of the angelic and human fall in Paradise Lost provided inspiration for Edwards’ own redemptive narrative.