bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Temperature on the Braking Force Experienced by Magnet Falling Through a Copper Pipe
Authors: Bansal Miyu , Duivestein John 
Published: July 2021

The braking experienced by a magnet falling through a conductive pipe is often shown in laboratories, as it is highly intriguing and captures the imagination of students. The Eddy current is the physical phenomenon behind Eddy current braking, which has a lot of utility as Eddy current brakes do not utilise friction and hence do not wear. Linear eddy current brakes, often used on rail vehicles, use the rail as a conductor. Consequently, it is important to address the impact of the rail's properties. Previous papers have explored the significance of thickness and material however temperature has yet to be considered.
Here, coils were wrung around a copper pipe and an oscilloscope was used to determine the position of a neodymium magnet falling through pipe at various temperatures in order to determine the magnet’s terminal velocity. This data was then used to determine the braking force exerted by the pipe on the magnet. The experimental findings were compared to a theoretical model for the braking force. Graphing the inverse of the dragging constant and temperature showed a positive linear relationship suggesting that increasing the temperature reduces the braking force experienced by the magnet, which is in line with pre-existing theory that increasing the temperature will reduce conductivity, in turn reducing the eddy currents that cause the braking force.
Finally, this study establishes that temperature, and hence the weather plays a significant role and needs to be considered when designing eddy current based machines, such as magnetic brakes in high-speed trains.
Impact of COVID-19 & Economic Outlook for Small Business – A Survey Based Study
Authors: Ramachandra Prashanth , Kent Johnny , Han Jaclyn 
Published: July 2021

The unprecedented challenges from the Covid-19 pandemic not only continue to be a major public health concern, but also impose serious economic uncertainty on small businesses across the nation. To assess how small businesses2 were impacted in the first half of 2020 and gauge their economic outlook for the second half of 2020, I conducted an original survey of 86 companies. The results reveal several important metrics. First, 40% of surveyed companies drastically reduced operations for a duration of 1 to 2 months in first half of 2020, with most resorting to reduction of hours, furloughs, and/or layoffs. Second, 75% of companies sought Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans, and every company that applied for PPP received approval. Third, 30% of companies forecast a decrease in revenue and reduction in staffing in the second half of 2020. Fourth, a trend of delayed receivables and increased expenses due to Covid-19 becomes evident. Fifth, businesses overwhelmingly report an imminent need for a second stimulus relief from Congress to stabilize their operations and to avoid reductions in employment.
REFLEXÕES DE ORDEM SOCIOLINGUÍSTICA: RELAÇÕES ENTRE A ALFABETIZAÇÃO E O SISTEMA FONOLÓGICO E O SISTEMA ORTOGRÁFICO. VARIAÇÃO E MUDANÇA
Authors: Vitorino César Costa , Souza Constância Maria Borges de , Silva Cristina Barreto Santos da 
Published: July 2021

Neste trabalho, pretende-se, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, apresentar algumas considerações sobre o processo de Alfabetização, seus principais representantes e propostas para alfabetizar tanto crianças quanto adultos. Destaca-se a relação entre Sociolinguística e Alfabetização, observando a necessidade de mostrar a diferença da língua falada para língua escrita, do sistema fonológico para sistema ortográfico, objetivando sucesso na aplicação das estratégias selecionadas, uma vez que o objetivo principal é habilitar os falantes no uso das variedades linguísticas e usá-las adequadamente tanto na modalidade oral quanto na escrita. Reforça-se a ideia de que as línguas só existem através de seus usuários (o povo) e a história desse povo determina a história dessa língua, na identidade dessa comunidade linguística. À luz da Sociolinguística Variacionista são apresentados e comentados os resultados de pesquisa com trinta informantes (F I - 7 a 14 anos; F II - 15 a 25 anos; F III - 26 a 35 anos) em uma comunidade rural baiana para evidenciar a ocorrência dos fenômenos linguísticos: semivocalização da consoante lateral palatal /ʎ/; rotacismo nos grupos consonantais; monotongação de /ey/ e /ow/; síncope nas palavras proparoxítonas e semivocalização do /l/ em posição final de sílaba que podem ajudar no entendimento das relações entre o sistema fonológico e o sistema ortográfico de alfabetização inicial. Apresentam-se principais características dos comportamentos da fala relacionados aos níveis: sintático-semântico, lexical e sintático. Ressalta-se que a proposta de isomorfia parcial entre a fala e a escrita traz implicações pedagógicas para a alfabetização. Esclarece a respeito das principais características da escrita ideográfica, escrita fonográfica, escrita silábica, escrita consonantal, escrita fonética e escrita alfabética ortográfica. Por fim, enfatiza-se que, à medida que se faz o estudo sincrônico da língua, o pesquisador constata que as variações são permitidas pelas regras subjacentes à estrutura/sistema linguístico, que funciona como salvaguarda da manutenção da língua.
GESTÃO ESCOLAR E JUVENTUDES: uma relação a partir do Grafite
Authors: BOTLER Alice Happ , MOURA Renata Paula dos Santos 
Published: July 2021

Este estudo apresenta recorte de pesquisa[1] em que se analisou como a gestão escolar dialoga com as ações de um jovem grafiteiro. A pesquisa qualitativa e de inspiração etnográfica realizou um estudo de caso em uma escola pública que introduziu oficinas de grafite, utilizando este espaço como relação de produção e de transmissão de saberes. Apresenta-se a possibilidade de “outras” relações construídas entre as juventudes e a gestão escolar, o que contribui para um melhor entrosamento entre escola e sociedade. [1] Pesquisa financiada pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) no âmbito do mestrado acadêmico em Educação na UFPE.
Infraestrutura, Temporalidades e Vigilância: Um Estudo Etnográfico na Monitoração Eletrônica do Estado do Paraná.
Authors: Lancellotti Helena Patini 
Published: July 2021

O artigo apresenta parte da minha pesquisa de doutorado sobre as tornozeleiras eletrônicas, tendo como fio condutor os estudos de infraestrutura, objetos e vigilância. O estudo debruça-se sobre o uso das tornozeleiras eletrônicas como um objeto fluído e parte de uma infraestrutura do monitoramento eletrônico, composta por uma rede de elementos humanos e não humanos atuando de forma conjunta, tendo como finalidade o acompanhamento e vigilância de pessoas presas. Os dados são provenientes de observações realizadas no cotidiano de trabalho dos agentes penitenciários em funções administrativas na Central de Monitoração do Paraná e no espaço de manutenção desses aparelhos. Ao longo da pesquisa foi possível apreender como múltiplas temporalidades coexistem nesse trabalho de bastidores – distante de uma noção de infraestrutura como um projeto acabado – além de que seguir esses sistemas formados por materiais é também pensar em formas de governar pessoas e seus efeitos nas vidas cotidianas. Infrastructure, Temporalities and Surveillance: A Study of Ankle Bracelets in State of Paraná.Abstract: This article presents part of my doctoral research on electronic ankle bracelets. The reflections are guided by infrastructure, objects, and surveillance studies. This study focuses on the use of electronic ankle bracelets as a fluid object and part of an electronic monitoring infrastructure, composed of a network of heterogeneous elements - human and non-human - that act together in order to monitor people arrested. The data comes from observing the work of prison officers in administrative functions in the Electronic Monitoring Center of Paraná and in the space of maintenance of these devices. Throughout the research it was possible to apprehend the way in which multiple temporalities coexist in this work - far from a notion of infrastructure as a finished project - in addition to following this network formed by materials is to think of ways to govern people and their effects on daily lives.Keywords: Electronic Ankle Bracelets, Anthropology of Infrastructure, Surveillance Studies, Electronic Monitoring.
(Toxi)Cidade do Aço: Infraestrutura Siderúrgica e Contestação Social em um Caso de Contaminação por Resíduos Industriais
Authors: Lima Maria Raquel Passos 
Published: July 2021

O artigo analisa o caso de contaminação do “condomínio Volta Grande IV” por resíduos industriais da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), em Volta Redonda no Sul Fluminense (RJ). A noção de “infraestrutura siderúrgica” é desenvolvida como chave de análise capaz de restituir conceitual e etnograficamente a dimensão invisível da produção siderúrgica, ao enfocar o lado residual da infraestrutura, caracterizado pela toxicidade. O objetivo do artigo é compreender as relações de poder e dinâmicas políticas engendradas pelas substâncias tóxicas na configuração de arenas de disputa em torno de seus potenciais usos e efeitos. A partir da apresentação de quatro cenários a contaminação, a controvérsia científica, o processo judicial e a arena ambiental a narrativa etnográfica adota o tempo como objeto privilegiado, discutindo as formas como temporalidades divergentes atravessam diferencialmente a infraestrutura e seus efeitos políticos na construção de estratégias corporativas e processos de contestação social, que terminam por conformar uma “política resiliente”.(Toxi)City of steel: steelmaking infrastructure and social contestation in a case of contamination by industrial wasteAbstract: The article analyzes the case of contamination of the “Volta Grande IV” neighborhood by industrial waste from Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), in the city of Volta Redonda, South of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The notion of “steelmaking infrastructure” is developed as a key concept that enables to integrate conceptually and ethnographically the invisible dimension of steel production, by focusing on the residual side of the infrastructure, characterized by toxicity. The focus is to understand power relations and political dynamics engendered by toxic substances in the configuration of contentious arenas around their potential uses and effects. The ethnographic narrative proceeds by presenting four scenarios - contamination, scientific controversy, the legal process and the environmental arena - and adopts time as a privileged object, discussing the ways in which divergent temporalities differentially traverse infrastructure and its political effects in the construction of corporate strategies and social contestation processes, that shape a "resilient politics”.Keywords: Environmental justice; Toxic waste; Steel industry; Infrastructure; Time.
Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Pengenalan Bahasa Arab Terhadab Anak-Anak Masyarakat Yang tinggal di Lingkungan Transmigrasi di Desa Sikerabang
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal  
Published: July 2021

الإنسان مخلوق اجتماعي الذي يحتاج إلى إنسان آخر لقضاء حاجتهم في الحياة. وهذا يسمى بالمجتمع الذي تقع فيه حياة اجتماعية بين الناس. لو رأينا بعض الناس, ينتقلون إلى مكان آخر و يتركون قريتهم لأشياء معينة منها العمل, بسبب عدم العمل و قلة المال الذين وجدوها في مسكنهم القديم يسبب انتقالتهم. ليس بسبب ذلك فقط, لكن بسبب النظام من الحكومة التي تنظم النظام "التناسخ". اختلاف المجتمع والإخلاط بينهم في مكان جديد, تحدث المشكلة في اللغة خاصة العربية هم لا يعرفون اللغة العربية, لا يستطيعون نطق حرف الهجئية الصحيحة ومع قراءة القرآن, هذا وجدنا بعد أن رأينا وتأملنا في القرية "سيكارابنك" مدينة سبل السلام حينما نقوم بتعليم اللغة العربية مع الأطفال و الطلاب والمجتمع, كثير منهم لا يعرفون العربية. ولو كذلك هم يشعرون بالسرور عند تعلم العربية يستطيعون بعد ذلك ولو كان قليلا. للناطقين غير العربية يحتاجون إلى طريقة مناسبة لتحقيق الأهداف في تعلم اللغة العربية. وهذا البحث يقوم بدراسة الوصفي
Quantifying floodwater impacts on a lake water budget via volume-dependent transient stable isotope mass balance
Authors: Masse-Dufresne Janie , Barbecot Florent , Baudron Paul , Gibson John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Isotope mass balance models have undergone significant developments in the last decade, demonstrating their utility for assessing the spatial and temporal variability in hydrological processes and revealing significant value for baseline assessment in remote and/or flood-affected settings where direct measurement of surface water fluxes to lakes (i.e. stream gauging) are difficult to perform. In this study, we demonstrate that isotopic mass balance modelling can be used to provide evidence of the relative importance of direct floodwater inputs and temporary subsurface storage of floodwater at ungauged lake systems. A volume-dependent transient isotopic mass balance model was developed for an artificial lake (named lake A) in southern Quebec (Canada). This lake typically receives substantial floodwater inputs during the spring freshet period as an ephemeral hydraulic connection with a 150 000 km2 large watershed is established. First-order water flux estimates to lake A allow for impacts of floodwater inputs to be highlighted within the annual water budget. The isotopic mass balance model has revealed that groundwater and surface water inputs account for 60 %–71 % and 39 %–28 % of the total annual water inputs to lake A, respectively, which demonstrates an inherent dependence of the lake on groundwater. However, when considering the
potential temporary subsurface storage of floodwater, the partitioning between groundwater and surface water inputs tends to equalize, and the lake A
water budget is found to be more resilient to groundwater quantity and
quality changes. Our findings suggest not only that floodwater fluxes to
lake A have an impact on its dynamics during springtime but also significantly
influence its long-term water balance and help to inform, understand, and
predict future water quality variations. From a global perspective, this
knowledge is useful for establishing regional-scale management strategies
for maintaining water quality at flood-affected lakes, for predicting the
response of artificial recharge systems in such settings, and for mitigating impacts due to land use and climate changes.
El canto coral como ventana hacia la libertad
Authors: Cuadrado Fernández Albina 
Published: July 2021

Mediante este trabajo se pretende analizar el impacto de la práctica coral en el contexto del Centro Penitenciario de Reinserción Social (CPRS) de “Santiaguito” en Almoloya de Juárez, en el Estado de México. Los destinatarios fueron las internas e internos del centro penitenciario mediante un taller de práctica vocal y coral, realizándose paralelamente la intervención y la investigación.
Las conclusiones de este trabajo muestran que los participantes desarrollaron y/o mejoraron habilidades específicas inherentes al hecho de cantar, así como habilidades socioemocionales.
A través de un enfoque didáctico holístico los integrantes de ambos grupos desarrollaron la responsabilidad individual obteniendo progresivamente autoestima, confianza, seguridad y desinhibición. Así mismo, demostraron disposición para el trabajo cooperativo y para la interacción positiva entre iguales generando empatía y sentido de pertenencia. Las mujeres se empoderaron especialmente, tanto a nivel individual como grupal, venciendo la falta de habilidades vocales de partida y la situación de aislamiento e indefensión que mermaba sus habilidades socioemocionales en tanto que mujeres y reclusas en determinado contexto.
Las conclusiones de este trabajo ponen de manifiesto las potencialidades diversas de la práctica vocal en grupo como herramienta transformadora de primer orden, cuyo impacto se deja sentir en los individuos y en los grupos, mejorando la vida de las personas desde el punto de vista psicológico, emocional y social; favoreciendo el desarrollo integral del individuo que se expresa a través de la vivencia compartida del hecho artístico, generándose actitudes prosociales que, a medio plazo, fomentan la reinserción y la inclusión social, contribuyendo a dar respuesta a los desafíos de justicia social de las sociedades democráticas.
"Can I pin this?" The legal position of Pinterest and its users: An analysis of Pinterest's data storage policies and users' trust in the service
Authors: Kasakowskij Thomas , Kasakowskij Regina , Fietkiewicz Kaja J. 
Published: July 2021

It has been known for some time that in the digital environment enormous data streams are generated in which data is disclosed, forwarded, and stored. Once on the Internet, data is difficult to control. Often when creating and/or sharing content on the Internet, legal concerns about copyright and data protection might arise among the user as well as the platform provider. The same holds true for Pinterest, especially when considering that the main feature of the service is the possibility to re-pin (hence, collect and publicly share) content from external Web sites and from other users (i.e., someone else’s creation). It is unclear how Pinterest handles the data of its users and external Web sites and protects it from misuse.
It is also questionable whether the users familiarize themselves with terms of use, privacy policy, and the use of cookies by Pinterest as well as their legal awareness when using the service. This study contributes to resolve this uncertainty and to secure a more precise picture of how data is handled from the company’s point of view. For this purpose, an online survey with 365 participants was carried out. It was found that many users do not read the terms and conditions or guidelines but trust the service. In addition, an investigation on Pinterest’s guidelines has shown that a great deal of different data is stored and indirectly passed on to other companies. It was also found that users in the European economic area are not protected against copyright infringements when using Pinterest. This could lead to problems with state authority, at least for European users.
Facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva y técnica de estimulación eléctrica craneal en paciente con síndrome de persona rígida
Authors: Gutierrez Canelas Franklin Daniel , Covarrubias Clara Paola , Giraldo Rosales Liz Ibeth 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El síndrome de persona rígida es un trastorno poco frecuente, que afecta al sistema nervioso central. Se caracteriza por la rigidez muscular fluctuante y espasmos musculares dolorosos persistentes que comprometen a los músculos, tanto agonistas como antagonistas de manera simultánea. Inicialmente, el cuadro es intermitente y con el tiempo se hace continuo. El objetivo de la investigación es caracterizar la aplicación combinada de la Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva (FNP) y la técnica de Estimulación Eléctrica Craneal de microcorrientes (EEC) ayudan a paliar la clínica en la paciente con síndrome de la persona rígida (SPR).
Reporte de caso: En el presente trabajo de investigación se realizó el análisis en una paciente de sexo femenino, de 46 años, de la ciudad de Cochabamba. La técnica para seleccionar la muestra fue no probabilística debido a que fue un estudio de caso. Dentro de las evaluaciones, se utilizó diversas escalas que se adaptaron a la patología.
Discusión: El proceso de intervención para la aplicación de la Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva que tiene un efecto inhibitorio sobre las motoneuronas excitadas mediante la estimulación de los receptores neuromusculares, permite amortiguar la carga excitatoria de las motoneuronas y la técnica de Estimulación Eléctrica Craneal de microcorrientes que provoca cambios eléctricos en el cerebro, teniendo acción directa en diferentes estructuras cerebrales como: el sistema límbico, la formación reticular, el hipotálamo y el tallo cerebral, aumentando la producción de endorfinas y de algunos neurotransmisores como la serotonina, dopamina y noradrenalina. Se registraron los resultados y mediante tablas se hizo la comparación del cuadro clínico antes de la aplicación del protocolo y después de su aplicación, obteniendo como resultado, la mejoría significativa del cuadro clínico del síndrome de la persona rígida.
Medial soft-tissue complex of the knee: Current concepts, controversies, and future directions of the forgotten unit
Authors: Requicha Francisco , Comley Andrew 
Published: July 2021

The medial side of the knee is comprised of ligaments, myotendinous and meniscal structures that work as a unit to stabilize the joint. The superficial medial collateral ligament is its core structure. Still, all elements of the medial side have load-sharing relationships, leading to a cascade of events in the scenario of insufficiency of any of them. Understanding the medial soft tissue structures as part of a unit is of utmost importance because the most common ligaments damaged in knee injuries belong to it. Surprisingly, there is a lack of high-level evidence published around the issue, and most studies focus on the superficial medial collateral ligament, overlooking the complexity of these injuries. Acknowledging the consequences for joint biomechanics and treatment outcomes, interest in this area is growing between researchers. Emerging evidence may become a game-changer in the future management of these injuries. Based on a thorough research of published literature, this review provides a current biomechanical concepts and clinical guidance to treat these injuries.