bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burning embers: synthesis of the health risks of climate change
Authors: Ebi Kristie L , Boyer Christopher , Ogden Nicholas , Paz Shlomit , Berry Peter , Campbell-Lendrum Diarmid , Hess Jeremy J , Woodward Alistair 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since 2001, a synthesizing element in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports has been a summary of how risks in a particular system could change with additional warming above pre-industrial levels, generally accompanied by a figure called the burning embers. We present a first effort to develop burning embers for climate change risks for heat-related morbidity and mortality, ozone-related mortality, malaria, diseases carried by Aedes sp., Lyme disease, and West Nile fever. We used an evidence-based approach to construct the embers based on a comprehensive global literature review. Projected risks for these health outcomes under 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and >2 °C of warming were used to estimate at what temperatures risk levels increased from undetectable to medium, high, and very high, from the pre-industrial baseline, under three adaptation scenarios. Recent climate change has likely increased risks from undetectable to moderate for heat-related morbidity and mortality, ozone-related mortality, dengue, and Lyme disease. Recent climate change also was assessed as likely beginning to affect the burden of West Nile fever. A detectable impact of climate change on malaria is not yet apparent but is expected to occur with additional warming. The risk for each climate-sensitive health outcome is projected to increase as global mean surface temperature increases above pre-industrial levels, with the extent and pace of adaptation expected to affect the timing and magnitude of risks. The embers may be an effective tool for informing efforts to build climate-resilient health systems including through vulnerability, capacity, and adaptation assessments and the development of national adaptation plans. The embers also can be used to raise awareness of future threats from climate change and advocate for mitigation actions to reduce the overall magnitude of health risks later this century and to expand current adaptation efforts to protect populations now.
Modelling technique and analysis of porous anti-reflective coatings for reducing wide angle reflectance of thin-film solar cells
Authors: Pickering Timothy , Shanks Katie , Sundaram Senthil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bio-inspired anti-reflective (AR) coatings with porous graded refractive index structures are known to considerably reduce the reflectance of light at optical interfaces, however, research is lacking for thin-film cell application. Ray Tracing software coupled with the Effective Medium Theory were used to simulate the reflectance of nanostructured coatings placed above a thin-film system. The most optimal coating was paraboloid-shaped, with 300 nm nipple heights and spacings of 15%. The non-zero refractive index ‘step’ aids light trapping and energy absorption. This coating reduced reflectance in the λ = 300–800 nm range by an average of 2.665% and 11.36% at 0∘ and 80∘ incident light, respectively, whilst increasing annual energy output by 4.39% and 5.39% for standard UK roof and vertical window tilts, respectively. Significant wide angle reflectance capabilities are demonstrated at specifically λ = 300 nm and 80∘ incident light, with a reflectance reduction of 19.192%. There are now many promising manufacturing techniques for these porous nanostructures, such as AR or wavelength filtering coatings for photovoltaics. Further understanding of the exact parameters needed to replicate these nanostructures must be explored to proceed.
Effect of different catalysts on recovery and reuse of waste polyurethane rigid foam
Authors: Gu Xiaohua , Lyu Shiwei , Cheng Weidong , Liu Siwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The sharp increase of waste polyurethane rigid foam has caused great harm to the natural environment. Ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG) was the alcoholysis agents, and KOH and Zn3[Co(CN)6]2(DMC) were used as catalysts for alcoholysis of waste polyurethane rigid foam. Regenerated polyols were prepared. The effects of different catalysts on the infrared, viscosity and hydroxyl content of alcoholysis products were discussed. Regenerated polyurethane rigid foam was prepared from alcoholysis products and analyzed by compression strength, thermal conductivity, water absorption, scanning and thermogravimetry. The effects of different catalysts on the recycling of waste polyurethane rigid foam were studied. The experimental results show that DMC catalyst is more effective than KOH catalyst under the same conditions.The alcoholysis product of DMC system has lower viscosity and higher hydroxyl content, which is more suitable for the preparation of regenerated polyurethane rigid foam., The compressive strength of the prepared regenerated polyurethane rigid foam is 254 Kpa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.0213 W m−1·K−1 when the amount of DMC added is 0.04%. Meanwhile, the regenerated polyurethane rigid foam has good hydrophobicity, excellent heat preservation performance, complete cell morphology and good thermal stability. It can replace the traditional polyols to prepare the regenerated polyurethane material which meets the national standard ‘rigid polyurethane foam for building insulation’ (GB/ T21558-2005).
Modelling of electronegative collisional warm plasma for plasma-surface interaction process
Authors: DHAWAN Rajat , MALIK Hitendra K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An electronegative collisional plasma having warm and massive positive ions, non-extensive distributed electrons and Boltzmann distributed negative ions is modelled for the plasma-surface interaction process that is used for the surface nitriding. Specifically the sheath formation is evaluated through the Bohm’s criterion, which is found to be modified, and the variation of the sheath thickness and profiles of the density of plasma species and the net space charge density in the sheath region in addition to the electric potential. The effect of ion temperature, non-extensivity and collisional parameter is examined in greater detail considering the collisional cross-section to obey power-law dependency on the positive ion velocity. The positive ions are found to enter in the sheath region at lower velocities in the collisional plasma compared to the case of collision-less plasma; this velocity sees minuscule reduction with increasing non-extensivity. The increasing ion temperature and collisional parameter lead to the formation of sheath with smaller thickness.
multiTFA: a Python package for multi-variate thermodynamics-based flux analysis
Authors: Mahamkali Vishnuvardhan , McCubbin Tim , Beber Moritz Emanuel , Noor Elad , Marcellin Esteban , Nielsen Lars Keld 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
We achieve a significant improvement in thermodynamic-based flux analysis (TFA) by introducing multivariate treatment of thermodynamic variables and leveraging component contribution, the state-of-the-art implementation of the group contribution methodology. Overall, the method greatly reduces the uncertainty of thermodynamic variables.

Results
We present multiTFA, a Python implementation of our framework. We evaluated our application using the core Escherichia coli model and achieved a median reduction of 6.8 kJ/mol in reaction Gibbs free energy ranges, while three out of 12 reactions in glycolysis changed from reversible to irreversible.

Availability and implementation
Our framework along with documentation is available on https://github.com/biosustain/multitfa.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The tryptophan pathway and nicotinamide supplementation in ischaemic acute kidney injury
Authors: Piedrafita Alexis , Balayssac Stéphane , Mayeur Nicolas , Gazut Stéphane , Grossac Julia , Buleon Marie , Alves Melinda , Klein Julie , Minville Vincent , Marcheix Bertrand , Schanstra Joost P , Faguer Stanislas 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Down-regulation of the enzymes involved in tryptophan-derived nicotinamide (NAM) adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) production was identified after acute kidney injury (AKI), leading to the hypothesis that supplementation with NAM may increase the kidney NAD+ content, rescuing tryptophan pathways and subsequently improving kidney outcomes.

Methods
Urinary measurement of tryptophan and kynurenin using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics was used in a cohort of 167 cardiac bypass surgery patients along with tests for correlation to the development of postoperative AKI. A mouse model of ischaemic AKI using ischaemia–reperfusion injury (bilateral clamping of renal arteries for 25 min) was also used.

Results
We identified a significant decrease in urinary tryptophan and kynurenin in patients developing AKI, irrespective of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stage. Although a significant difference was observed, tryptophan and kynurenin moderately discriminated for the development of all AKI KDIGO stages {area under the curve [AUC] 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.88] and 0.75 [0.68–0.83], respectively} and severe KDIGO Stages 2–3 AKI [AUC 0.71 (95% CI 0.6–0.81) and 0.66 (0.55–0.77), respectively]. Sparked by this confirmation in humans, we aimed to confirm the potential preventive effect of NAM supplementation in wild-type male and female C57BL/6 mice subjected to ischaemic AKI. NAM supplementation had no effect on renal function (blood urea nitrogen at Day 1, sinistrin–fluorescein isothiocyanate glomerular filtration rate), architecture (periodic acid–Schiff staining) and injury or inflammation (kidney injury molecule 1 and IL18 messenger RNA expression). In addition, NAM supplementation did not increase post-AKI NAD+ kidney content.

Conclusion
Notwithstanding the potential role of NAM supplementation in the setting of basal NAD+ deficiency, our findings in mice and the reanalysis of published data do not confirm that NAM supplementation can actually improve renal outcomes after ischaemic AKI in unselected animals and probably patients.
Dominant monoallelic variant in the PAK2 gene causes Knobloch syndrome type 2
Authors: Antonarakis Stylianos E , Holoubek Aleš , Rapti Melivoia , Rademaker Jesse , Meylan Jenny , Iwaszkiewicz Justyna , Zoete Vincent , Wilson Callum , Taylor Juliet , Ansar Muhammad , Borel Christelle , Menzel Olivier , Kuželová Kateřina , Santoni Federico A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnobloch syndrome is an autosomal recessive phenotype mainly characterized by retinal detachment and encephalocele caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the COL18A1 gene. However, there are patients clinically diagnosed as Knobloch syndrome with unknown molecular etiology not linked to COL18A1. We studied an historical pedigree (published in 1998) designated as KNO2 (Knobloch type 2 syndrome with intellectual disability, autistic behavior, retinal degeneration, encephalocele). Whole exome sequencing of the two affected siblings and the normal parents resulted in the identification of a PAK2 non-synonymous substitution p.(Glu435Lys) as a causative variant. The variant was monoallelic and apparently de novo in both siblings indicating a likely germ-line mosaicism in one of the parents; the mosaicism, however, could not be observed after deep sequencing of blood parental DNA. PAK2 encodes a member of a small group of serine/threonine kinases; these P21-activating kinases (PAKs) are essential in signal transduction and cellular regulation (cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, death and survival signaling and cell cycle progression). Structural analysis of the PAK2 p.(Glu435Lys) variant that is located in the kinase domain of the protein predicts a possible compromise in the kinase activity. Functional analysis of the p.(Glu435Lys) PAK2 variant in transfected HEK293T cells results in a partial loss of the kinase activity. PAK2 has been previously suggested as an autism-related gene. Our results show that PAK2-induced phenotypic spectrum is broad and not fully understood. We conclude that the KNO2 syndrome in the studied family is dominant and caused by a deleterious variant in the PAK2 gene.
Tracing the Source of Influenza A Virus Zoonoses in Interconnected Circuits of Swine Exhibitions
Authors: McBride Dillon S , Perofsky Amanda C , Nolting Jacqueline M , Nelson Martha I , Bowman Andrew S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Since 2011, influenza A viruses circulating in US swine exhibited at county fairs are associated with &gt;460 zoonotic infections, presenting an ongoing pandemic risk. Swine “jackpot shows” that occur before county fairs each summer intermix large numbers of exhibition swine from diverse geographic locations. We investigated the role of jackpot shows in influenza zoonoses.

Methods
We collected snout wipe or nasal swab samples from 17 009 pigs attending 350 national, state, and local swine exhibitions across 8 states during 2016–2018.

Results
Influenza was detected in 13.9% of swine sampled at jackpot shows, and 76.3% of jackpot shows had at least 1 pig test positive. Jackpot shows had 4.3-fold higher odds of detecting at least 1 influenza-positive pig compared to county fairs. When influenza was detected at a county fair, almost half of pigs tested positive, clarifying why zoonotic infections occur primarily at county fairs.

Conclusions
The earlier timing of jackpot shows and long-distance travel for repeated showing of individual pigs provide a pathway for the introduction of influenza into county fairs. Mitigation strategies aimed at curtailing influenza at jackpot shows are likely to have downstream effects on disease transmission at county fairs and zoonoses.
French Abstracts for Volume 32, Issue 9, 2020
Authors: Anthony Staines , Estelle Lécureux , Pascal Rubin , Christian Baralon , Alexandre Farin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectif: évaluer l’impact de la mise en œuvre du concept d’amélioration du travail en équipe TeamSTEPPS sur la culture de sécurité des patients.
Plan: évaluation de la culture avant/après à l’aide du questionnaire hospitalier sur la culture de sécurité des patients, avant et un an après la mise en œuvre de TeamSTEPPS.
Contexte: deux services de maternité dans un même hôpital universitaire de 480 lits.
Intervention: mise en œuvre du concept d’amélioration du travail en équipe TeamSTEPPS.
Mesures principales: analyse de la variation du pourcentage de réponses positives (score) dans les deux services (intervention et contrôle).
Résultats: nous avons observé une augmentation significative des scores pour trois dimensions de la culture de sécurité des patients dans le service avec intervention: le score pour Attentes du superviseur/manager et Actions promouvant la sécurité a augmenté de 48,7% en 2015 à 70,8% en 2016 (P &lt; 0,005); le score Travail d’équipe au sein des unités a augmenté de 35,5% en 2015 à 54,5% en 2016 (P &lt; 0,005); le score Réponse non punitive aux erreurs a augmenté de 16,7% en 2015 à 32,3% en 2016 (P &lt; 0,005). Les autres dimensions n’ont connu aucune modification significative. Dans le service témoin, une diminution significative des scores a été observée pour une dimension. Une analyse secondaire des différences continue à montrer une amélioration significative d’une dimension (Attentes du superviseur/manager et Actions de promotion de la sécurité, P &lt; 0,005).
Conclusion: Après la mise en place du concept de travail en équipe TeamSTEPPS, la culture de sécurité des patients a été significativement améliorée dans trois des douze dimensions dans le groupe intervention. Après contrôle des différences dans les scores initiaux entre les services mise en œuvre et témoin, une amélioration significative persiste pour une dimension. Ceci semble indiquer que l’utilisation de TeamSTEPPS pourrait être envisagée dans le cadre d’une recherche d’amélioration de la culture de sécurité des patients, en particulier dans les environnements à haut risque comme les services de maternité.
Prevalence of RND efflux pump regulator variants associated with tigecycline resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a worldwide survey
Authors: Lucaßen Kai , Müller Carina , Wille Julia , Xanthopoulou Kyriaki , Hackel Meredith , Seifert Harald , Higgins Paul G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the most common tigecycline resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained during the global Tigecycline Evaluation Surveillance Trial (TEST).

Methods
Tigecycline MICs were determined by broth microdilution. WGS was used to screen for the previously identified tigecycline resistance mechanisms, as well as mutations in resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux pump regulators.

Results
From a total 313 isolates, 113 genetically unique tigecycline-resistant isolates were analysed. The most frequent and worldwide distributed mechanism associated with tigecycline resistance was disruption of adeN, which encodes the repressor of the RND efflux pump AdeIJK, either by IS elements or nucleotide deletions causing premature stop codons. However, mutations leading to amino acid substitutions and disruption by IS elements within the two-component regulatory system adeRS, which regulates expression of the AdeABC efflux pump, correlate with higher tigecycline MICs, but these were found less frequently and were mainly restricted to Southern European countries. Furthermore, an altered version of tviB was identified in several tigecycline-resistant isolates that did not have putative resistance mutations within RND-type regulators. The resistance determinants tet(A) and tet(X), as well as resistance mutations in putative resistance determinants trm, plsC, rrf, msbA and genes encoding 30S ribosomal proteins, were not identified in any isolate.

Conclusions
The most prevalent tigecycline resistance mechanisms were caused by alterations in the regulators of RND-type efflux pumps. These data provide the basis for further characterization of regulator alterations and their contribution to increased efflux and tigecycline resistance, and also should be taken into account in drug discovery programmes to overcome the contribution of efflux pumps.
Determinants of the Implementation of Telemedicine in the German Navy—A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Hötker Ensign Daniel Valentin , Ring Markus Matthias , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe history of the use of telemedicine in maritime medicine dates back to the 1930s. In the early 2000s, the German Navy built up a telemedicine network which today is installed in all ships and provides a connection to the medical infrastructure ashore. The objective of this study was to optimize the implementation of telemedicine based on the experience gained in the German Navy. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to identify determinants which affect the use of telemedicine in order to determine whether there is any need for optimization.MethodsThe study was conducted using a mixed methods design. First, guideline-based interviews were conducted with Navy medical officers who had been recruited via various email distribution lists. The interviews were then transcribed and coded. In an analysis, deductive and inductive categories were derived from the codes. Hypotheses were deduced from the interviews, too, and used to develop a questionnaire.Besides the medical officers, other Navy medical personnel with experience in the field of telemedicine took part in the survey. The study was concluded by a descriptive analysis of the quantitative data.ResultsThe analysis of the interviews revealed that a regular use of telemedicine workstations increased the users’ confidence and, in their opinion, improved medical treatment. Technical and organizational problems posed obstacles, which increased the use of partly insecure alternatives. A proper technical support was regarded as a precondition for effectively using telemedicine.The results of the quantitative analysis showed that consultation was mainly sought for dermatological (46%), surgical (24%), and internal (22%) conditions.ConclusionThe study revealed determinants for the use of telemedicine in the German Navy. Factors improving the motivation of the users should be strengthened in order to optimize the use of telemedicine. Furthermore, it can be assumed that a successful implementation will be supported by reducing or eliminating obstacles. The findings on the main reasons for seeking medical advice could be taken into account in the further planning of specific training.
Carbon dust in the evolved born-again planetary nebulae A 30 and A 78
Authors: Toalá J A , Jiménez-Hernández P , Rodríguez-González J B , Estrada-Dorado S , Guerrero M A , Gómez-González V M A , Ramos-Larios G , García-Hernández D A , Todt H 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We present an infrared (IR) characterization of the born-again planetary nebulae (PNe) A 30 and A 78 using IR images and spectra. We demonstrate that the carbon-rich dust in A 30 and A 78 is spatially coincident with the H-poor ejecta and coexists with hot X-ray-emitting gas up to distances of 50 arcsec from the central stars of PNe (CSPNe). Dust forms immediately after the born-again event and survives for 1000 yr in the harsh environment around the CSPN as it is destroyed and pushed away by radiation pressure and dragged by hydrodynamical effects. Spitzer IRS spectral maps showed that the broad spectral features at 6.4 and 8.0 μm, attributed to amorphous carbon formed in H-deficient environments, are associated with the disrupted disc around their CSPN, providing an optimal environment for charge exchange reactions with the stellar wind that produces the soft X-ray emission of these sources. Nebular and dust properties are modelled for A 30 with cloudy taking into account different carbonaceous dust species. Our models predict dust temperatures in the 40–230 K range, five times lower than predicted by previous works. Gas and dust masses for the born-again ejecta in A 30 are estimated to be $M_\mathrm{gas}=4.41^{+0.55}_{-0.14}\times 10^{-3}$ M⊙ and $M_\mathrm{dust}=3.20^{+3.21}_{-2.06}\times 10^{-3}$ M⊙, which can be used to estimate a total ejected mass and mass-loss rate for the born-again event of $7.61^{+3.76}_{-2.20}\times 10^{-3}$ M⊙ and $\dot{M}=(5{\!-\!}60)\times 10^{-5}$ M⊙ yr−1, respectively. Taking into account the carbon trapped into dust grains, we estimate that the C/O mass ratio of the H-poor ejecta of A 30 is larger than 1, which favours the very late thermal pulse model over the alternate hypothesis of a nova-like event.