bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Care Service Use and Caregiver Burden, Depression, and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chong Wayne , Ng Cindy , Ho Ringo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study examined whether long-term care service use (LTCSU) is associated with informal caregivers’ burden, depression, and health status. Eligible articles collected data directly from caregivers, written in English, and allowed for extraction or computation of effect sizes. MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global databases were searched between September 2017 and January 2018. The risk of bias of individual studies was assessed regarding confounding, study power, and other biases. This unfunded study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42018108827. Of the 419, 209 and 346 articles identified, 24, 14 and 15 articles that involved 12,530, 6,687 and 7,331 informal caregivers respectively, were eligible for analyses regarding the above associations. With unadjusted effect sizes, omnibus tests found statistically non-significant overall effect estimates in the association of LTCSU with caregiver burden, depression, and health status. Subgroup analyses, however, revealed that the above associations differed by service type, caregiver sex, and country, respectively.
Neighborhood Environments and Cognitive Decline in Middle and Old Age in China: Gender and Age Variations
Authors: Luo Ye , Pan Xi , Zhang Lingling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Older adults are more vulnerable to neighborhood physical and social conditions due to longer exposure, increased vulnerability, changing spatial use, and a greater reliance on access to community sources of integration. Previous research has demonstrated an association between neighborhood environments and cognitive function in older adults. However, most studies were cross-sectional, focused on western countries, and did not examine potential moderating factors. This study examined gender and age variations in the relationship between neighborhood environments and cognitive decline in middle and old age in a developing country that is experiencing rapid population aging and rising prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Using data from a nationally representative sample of adults aged 45 years and older from the three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011-2015), this study estimated multilevel growth curve models for the effects of neighborhood environments on cognitive decline separately for men and women and for those aged 45 to 64 and those aged 65 and above. It showed that the cross-sectional effect of outdoor facility and longitudinal effect of handicapped access were more significant for men, but the cross-sectional effect of community social participation and longitudinal effects of raining days, number of disasters, employment service, and community SES were more significant for women. The cross-sectional effect of infrastructure advantages and longitudinal effects of employment service and old age income support were more significant for adults aged 65 and over. These findings suggest that community-level interventions may be more beneficial for older women.
Twin Similarity for Neighborhood, Geographic Mobility, and Health Outcomes in Late Adulthood
Authors: Finkel Deborah , Karlsson Ida , Ericsson Malin , Russ Tom , Aslan Anna Dahl , Pedersen Nancy L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the most robust predictors of health. The source of SES-health associations is heavily debated; one approach is investigating neighborhood-level environmental characteristics. Challenges include selection effects and the possibility of reverse causation: people choose their neighborhoods. Longitudinal twin research can overcome these issues by assessing location choice over time as well as twin similarity; however, few existing twin studies have incorporated neighborhood-level data, and none of those focus on aging. Using longitudinal data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, the current study examined the impact of location at various points in life. Location at birth and in 1993 were available for 972 participants. Birth years ranged from 1926 to 1948; mean age in 1993 was 54.55 (range = 35-67). Thirty-nine percent of the sample had moved to a different county between birth and midlife: individuals who moved had significantly higher parental SES and had achieved significantly higher education. Moreover, identical twin concordance for geographic mobility (77%) was significantly higher than fraternal twin concordance (65%), indicating a modest but significant genetic contribution. Geographic mobility did not impact identical twin similarity on a functional aging factor (corrected for age and education), but fraternal twins concordant for mobility were more similar than discordant twins, suggesting genetic contributions to mobility may also impact health. Ongoing retrieval of location information for twins born 1900-1925 and geocoding of location information available at 9 waves of data collection will allow for expanded investigation of the SES-health relationship at the neighborhood level.
It Was Trial by Fire: Recommendations for Building a Stronger Nursing Home Workforce After COVID-19
Authors: Franzosa Emily , Mak Wingyun , Burack Orah , Boockvar Kenneth , Reinhardt Joann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis showed the urgent need for a unified, well-supported nursing home workforce. The objective of this qualitative study was to examine the lived experience of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and administrators during COVID-19 to identify best practices moving forward. Six administrator interviews and 10 remote focus groups with CNAs at 5 nursing homes (N=56) were examined through directed content analysis. Based on priorities identified by CNAs and administrators, the following practices may be most impactful: 1) ongoing and responsive staff training; 2) transparent, direct, and two-way communication channels; 3) prioritizing hiring permanent staff to avoid shortages and reliance on agency staff; 4) building collaborative staff-management relationships; 5) providing flexible job benefits; 6) providing staff-centered emotional support resources; and 7) appraising COVID-19 innovations. Our results suggest that rather than returning to “business as usual,” nursing homes can draw on these lessons to build a more sustainable workforce and industry.
Social Encounters and Mood: The Moderating Role of Narcissism
Authors: Zhang Shiyang , Fingerman Karen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Social contacts may lead to more positive and less negative emotions in late life, yet we know little about how narcissism influences such associations, and whether contacts with close and not-close social partners impact mood differently. This study examined associations between social contacts, narcissism, and mood on the within- and between- person level. Older adults aged 65 + (N = 303) completed ecological momentary assessments in which they reported social contacts and mood every 3 hours for 5 to 6 days. Older adults had higher positive mood after contacting either close or not-close social partners, but only not-close social partners reduced negative mood. Multilevel models found positive associations between average social contacts number and positive mood among people scored lower on narcissism, and positive associations between social contacts and negative mood for those who scored higher on narcissism. Findings suggest the necessity of considering interpersonal differences in interventions targeting well-being.
Who Has Active Lifestyles? Personality and Activity Diversity in Adulthood
Authors: Lee Soomi , Charles Susan , Fingerman Karen , Almeida David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Broad and even participation across daily activities (“activity diversity”) has been found to be associated with better health. Less is known about who has greater activity diversity. We examined whether personality traits are associated with activity diversity in two independent samples of adults. Data came from the Midlife in the United States Study II and Refresher (n=2623, Mage=54yrs) and Daily Experiences and Well-being in Late Life Study (n=308, Mage=74yrs) who responded to daily activity questions. We constructed activity diversity scores in each sample using Shannon’s entropy. We focused on three personality traits -- conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism -- often associated with health. Higher extraversion was associated with greater activity diversity, replicated across the two samples. The associations were independent of conscientiousness and neuroticism (both were not significant), total activity time/frequency, age, gender, race, education, and self-rated health. Results suggest that future activity interventions may need to target those with lower extraversion.
Oral Health’s Transformative Impact on Diet and Systemic Health Outcomes
Authors: Saunders Michele 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The 2020-25 Dietary Guidelines for Americans identified dental caries as a major diet-related chronic disease of public health concern and suggested in the section for adults over 60, “Good dental health is critical to overall health, as well as the ability to chew foods properly." Poor oral health can lead to chronic diseases and impede one’s ability to chew fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other nutrient-rich foods across the life span. Almost 90 percent of adults ages 20 to 64 years and 96 percent of those over 65 years of age have dental caries. The overall prevalence of complete tooth loss is 2.2 percent among adults ages 20 to 64 years and jumps to 17.3 percent for those over age 65. As a result of COVID-19, some seniors are not seeking regular oral health services, which increases the need for preventive oral health practices and consuming a healthy dietary pattern recommended in the new Dietary Guidelines. Recent research will underscore the importance of saliva and oral health in cancer patients on radiation and in other chronic diseases. Saliva has also been shown to reduce specific infections that are related to influenza and HIV. Participants in this session will gain understanding of factors linking poor oral health and nutrition practices to chronic diseases and guidance on critical preventive oral health practices to increase saliva flow and decrease dental caries through all stages of the life cycle. Promoting oral health is the responsibility of the interdisciplinary team overseeing older adults.
Reimagining Long-Term Services and Supports in a Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Applebaum Robert , Abbott Katherine , Alkema Gretchen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prior to the global pandemic, the United States struggled to coordinate, deliver, and finance quality, person-centered long-term services and supports (LTSS) through the default primary payer, Medicaid. The pandemic highlights the challenges of not having a LTSS system. LTSS workers are underpaid, overworked, and turning over at alarming rates. Families face mounting pressures of caring for a growing number of loved ones, some with very complex care. Costs continue to climb, and quality indicators are not improving. While our approach to LTSS has improved, costs and quality challenges still dominate the landscape. We are at juncture when we need to reimagine the LTSS system, one that genuinely puts the care recipients and their caregivers at the heart of the system. The pandemic has provided some lessons about how to think differently about what long-term services can look like. Now is the time to embrace innovative opportunities building on this adversity.
The Effects of Stigma on the Caregivers of Elderly Patients With Psychiatric Issues in a Chinese Community
Authors: So Joanne Siu Ping , Chan Kai Nin Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
World Health Organization in 2017 indicates the proportion of persons over the age of 60 years will exponentially grow from 12% in 2015 to 22% in 2050. Advanced age is a common risk factor for multiple conditions, including psychosis, depression, and other mental illnesses linked to cognitive and neurologic disorders. The majority of the studies identify ethnicity and socioeconomic status as primary determinants of mental health care access. Recent studies show that up to 12% of elderly Chinese have had a history of mental problems. However, over 50% of Chinese with mental disorders have failed to obtain professional help. Lack of access to health care for mental disorders has been linked to multiple underlying socioeconomic and cultural factors. These Chinese Americans lack an in-depth understanding of their psychosis, and psychiatric conditions are often a minority in nature. This study will systematically review the existing situations relating the factors to the stigma on caregivers. The result shows that the leading cause of psychiatric disorders, physical and emotional components of the elderly population, needs to be incorporated in the care plan in nursing homes and hospitals. In North America, the constant perception of discrimination and the inherent feeling of isolation and stigma among families with elderly members remains challenging. This review could contribute to the policy reform, which can help design effective control strategies to manage gaps of most mental disorders that continue to disproportionately affect different ethnic groups across the U. S. and Canada.
Participatory Research With Older Workers in a Pandemic: Innovations and Lessons Learned
Authors: Halvorsen Cal , Werner Kelsey , McColloch Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the spring of 2020, and as the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic became increasingly dire, in-person studies halted throughout the world. This included our planned study to examine the role of the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP)—the sole federal workforce training program for low-income older adults—in influencing participant financial, physical, and mental well-being. While our original plans were to hold a series of in-person workshops with SCSEP participants and case managers using a form of participatory research called community-based system dynamics (CBSD), we paused the launch of our study to determine the safest path forward. This presentation will describe how we responded as well as innovations and implications for future research with harder to reach populations. First, we met with the Massachusetts state SCSEP director to assess the feasibility of moving our sessions online with this particular population. After determining that virtual and telephone sessions would both be needed to increase accessibility, we identified virtual whiteboard software rigorous enough to utilize CBSD-specific activities, user-friendly enough for populations less familiar with virtual environments, and with security features that would be approved by our university, as well as discussed what types of activities to conduct on the telephone for such a visual research method. Our CBSD study was one of the first to utilize virtual and telephone formats in the history of this method, and our results indicate that it is possible—and sometimes beneficial—to move in-person participatory methods to these environments to increase inclusion and efficiency.
Temporal Trends in the Prevalence of Dementia in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun , Leist Anja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background. Secular decreases in the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia have been observed in several Western countries, however, few systematic investigations of temporal trends in dementia have been conducted in South Korea. Method. Data came from N=8,006 individuals (N=2,110 assessed twice) aged 65 years and older participating in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 2008 and 2018. Dementia was indicated by a score ≤ 17 on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Dementia was regressed on the year of survey, adjusting for multiple demographic and socio-economic confounders, and, in additional models, also chronic diseases and lifestyle factors related to health, social, and religious activities. Results. Across waves, the share of individuals with low socio-economic status decreased. The prevalence of chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, and psychiatric diseases, increased over time. Alcohol consumption increased, whereas smoking rates, religious affiliation, and participation in religious activities decreased. Controlling for all covariates and compared to 2008, we observe decreases in dementia prevalence in 2018 by 52% (2018: OR 0.48, CI 0.42, 0.56). Women’s MMSE scores were more than two times as likely as men’s to indicate dementia (OR 2.59, CI 2.15, 3.14). Discussion. Decreases in dementia prevalence in Korea are partly attributable to improved socio-economic conditions and can be observed despite the increased prevalence of chronic conditions. However, secular trends were not fully explained by these and lifestyle factors. We discuss further individual-level and contextual-level mechanisms that may have contributed to these findings.
Determinants of Intention to Use Digital Technology for Older Adults by Environmental Dimensions
Authors: Han Sangyoon , Nam Seok In 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is common to hear news of older adults being socially isolated due to difficulties in purchasing or accessing online services and in interacting with family or friends through video calling apps. Despite an increasing ease of access to digital devices, such access far from universal. Thus, digital inequality has become a serious problem for older adults. To understand why digital inequality issues are so relevant for older adults, we must understand older adults' entire life contexts and the potential of digital technologies in their lives. With these understandings, the purpose of this study was to explore the technology acceptance process and identify key precursors to acceptance of digital technology using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 3 as a framework. This study used data from the 2018 Digital Divide Survey of the Ministry of Science and ICT. A total of 1,662 older adults (aged 55+) were analyzed using structural equation modeling with bootstrap sampling. Model fit indices (CFI = .928; SRMR = .074; RMSEA = .044) suggested an acceptable fit. Results indicated that two environmental dimensions, personal environment (self-efficacy and value recognition) and social environment (social norms and social support systems), had a significant impact on the intention to use technology both directly and indirectly. Furthermore, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use mediated between environmental domains and the intention. This study indicates that providing appropriate digital support for older adults is important to achieve greater digital inclusion.
The Importance of Psychosocial Factors in Aging: The Minority Aging Research Study
Authors: Barnes Lisa , Lange-Maia Brittney , de Leon Carlos Mendes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Psychosocial factors can provide crucial insight into lived experiences that influence healthy aging. Though psychosocial factors are often used to explain health disparities seen between different racial/ethnic groups, within-group investigations can be particularly powerful for identifying culturally specific psychosocial factors that impact heterogeneity in aging among minority populations. The Minority Aging Research Study (MARS) is an ongoing, longitudinal epidemiologic cohort of 797 older African Americans from the Chicago, IL metropolitan area. Participants are on average 73.4 (standard deviation [SD]=6.6) years of age, 78.2% are women, and mean years of education is 14.8 (SD=3.7). At baseline, 75.3% of participants were without cognitive impairment, 20.8% had mild cognitive impairment, and 3.9% had mild dementia. Participants were recruited starting in 2004 and complete annual visits including a clinical evaluation, cognitive and motor testing, and assessment of risk factors related to Alzheimer’s Disease risk, including those hypothesized to be associated with a higher burden of cognitive impairment among older African Americans. This symposium will discuss the longitudinal association between John Henryism and cognitive function and decline (McSorley), participation in social activities and risk of all-cause mortality (Lamar), and the predictive relationship between experiences of everyday discrimination and incident disability (Lange-Maia). Finally, we will examine multilevel correlates—including environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and biological factors—related to perceived stress (Glover). Mendes de Leon will critically consider what appear to be the most potent psychosocial factors for minority aging and possible implications of integrating these factors into interventions focused on promoting healthy aging among older African Americans.
Trend in fishing activity in the open South China Sea estimated from remote sensing of the lights used at night by fishing vessels
Authors: Li Jiajun , Qiu Yongsong , Cai Yancong , Zhang Kui , Zhang Peng , Jing Zhiyou , Wu Qiaer , Ma Shengwei , Liu Huaxue , Chen Zuozhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the progression of overfishing along the coast, oceanic fisheries in the South China Sea have attracted increasing attention from bordering countries. Fishing with lights has developed rapidly over the past decade. In this study, we analysed the trend in fishing over the spring fishing season (March–April) from 2012 to 2020 in the open-SCS fishing zone based on nightly satellite. The results indicated that the number of fishing boats detected by satellites were apparently influenced by the phases of the moon. Using data from moonless nights, we estimated that the number of fishing boats increased from ∼400 to ∼2000 over the past decade. These fishing craft in the open-SCS could be classified into large falling net vessels with bright lights and tuna fishing boats with dim lights. The nightly images of large falling net vessels were studied further using records from a typical commercial fishing vessel and, on this basis, we established an algorithm to extract data for this type of craft, whose numbers were estimated to have increased from ∼20 to ∼200 over the past decade. Using this algorithm, we were able to trace the development of these fleets and map out their distribution patterns in the open-SCS.
Numerical analysis of the LDG method for large deformations of prestrained plates
Authors: Bonito Andrea , Guignard Diane , Nochetto Ricardo H , Yang Shuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for approximating large deformations of prestrained plates is introduced and tested on several insightful numerical examples in Bonito et al. (2022, LDG approximation of large deformations of prestrained plates. J. Comput. Phys., 448, 110719). This paper presents a numerical analysis of this LDG method, focusing on the free boundary case. The problem consists of minimizing a fourth-order bending energy subject to a nonlinear and nonconvex metric constraint. The energy is discretized using LDG and a discrete gradient flow is used for computing discrete minimizers. We first show $\varGamma $-convergence of the discrete energy to the continuous one. Then we prove that the discrete gradient flow decreases the energy at each step and computes discrete minimizers with control of the metric constraint defect. We also present a numerical scheme for initialization of the gradient flow and discuss the conditional stability of it.