bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speaking of State of Mind: Maternal Mental Health Predicts Children's Home Language Environment and Expressive Language
Authors: CLIFFORD Brandon Neil , STOCKDALE Laura A. , COYNE Sarah M. , RAINEY Vanessa , BENITEZ Viridiana L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaternal depression and anxiety are potential risk factors to children's language environments and development. Though existing work has examined relations between these constructs, further work is needed accounting for both depression and anxiety and using more direct measures of the home language environment and children's language development. We examined 265 mother-infant dyads (49.6% female, Mage = 17.03 months) from a large city in the Western United States to explore the relations between self-reports of maternal depression and anxiety and observational indices of the home language environment and expressive language as captured by Language Environment Analysis (LENA) and parent-reported language comprehension and production. Results revealed maternal depressive symptoms to be negatively associated with home language environment and expressive language indices. Maternal anxiety symptoms were found to be negatively associated with children's parent-reported language production. These findings provide further evidence that maternal mental health modulates children's home language environments and expressive language.
Lower central series, surface braid groups, surjections and permutations
Authors: BELLINGERI PAOLO , GONÇALVES DACIBERG LIMA , GUASCHI JOHN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeneralising previous results on classical braid groups by Artin and Lin, we determine the values of m, n ∈ $\mathbb N$ for which there exists a surjection between the n- and m-string braid groups of an orientable surface without boundary. This result is essentially based on specific properties of their lower central series, and the proof is completely combinatorial. We provide similar but partial results in the case of orientable surfaces with boundary components and of non-orientable surfaces without boundary. We give also several results about the classification of different representations of surface braid groups in symmetric groups.
Identifying COVID-19 cases in outpatient settings
Authors: Mao Yinan , Tan Yi-Roe , Thein Tun Linn , Chai Yi Ann Louis , Cook Alex R. , Dickens Borame L. , Lew Yii Jen , Lim Fong Seng , Lim Jue Tao , Sun Yinxiaohe , Sundaram Meena , Soh Alexius , Tan Glorijoy Shi En , Wong Franco Pey Gein , Young Barnaby , Zeng Kangwei , Chen Mark , Ong Desmond Luan Seng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Case identification is an ongoing issue for the COVID-19 epidemic, in particular for outpatient care where physicians must decide which patients to prioritise for further testing. This paper reports tools to classify patients based on symptom profiles based on 236 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive cases and 564 controls, accounting for the time course of illness using generalised multivariate logistic regression. Significant symptoms included abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, fever, headache, muscle ache, runny nose, sore throat, temperature between 37.5 and 37.9 °C and temperature above 38 °C, but their importance varied by day of illness at assessment. With a high percentile threshold for specificity at 0.95, the baseline model had reasonable sensitivity at 0.67. To further evaluate accuracy of model predictions, leave-one-out cross-validation confirmed high classification accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92. For the baseline model, sensitivity decreased to 0.56. External validation datasets reported similar result. Our study provides a tool to discern COVID-19 patients from controls using symptoms and day from illness onset with good predictive performance. It could be considered as a framework to complement laboratory testing in order to differentiate COVID-19 from other patients presenting with acute symptoms in outpatient care.
Lambda calculus with algebraic simplification for reduction parallelisation: Extended study
Authors: MORIHATA AKIMASA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Parallel reduction is a major component of parallel programming and widely used for summarisation and aggregation. It is not well understood, however, what sorts of non-trivial summarisations can be implemented as parallel reductions. This paper develops a calculus named λAS, a simply typed lambda calculus with algebraic simplification. This calculus provides a foundation for studying a parallelisation of complex reductions by equational reasoning. Its key feature is δ abstraction. A δ abstraction is observationally equivalent to the standard λ abstraction, but its body is simplified before the arrival of its arguments using algebraic properties such as associativity and commutativity. In addition, the type system of λAS guarantees that simplifications due to δ abstractions do not lead to serious overheads. The usefulness of λAS is demonstrated on examples of developing complex parallel reductions, including those containing more than one reduction operator, loops with conditional jumps, prefix sum patterns and even tree manipulations.
The nominal/FM Yoneda Lemma
Authors: Crole R. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores versions of the Yoneda Lemma in settings founded upon FM sets. In particular, we explore the lemma for three base categories: the category of nominal sets and equivariant functions; the category of nominal sets and all finitely supported functions, introduced in this paper; and the category of FM sets and finitely supported functions. We make this exploration in ordinary, enriched and internal settings. We also show that the finite support of Yoneda natural transformations is atheorem for free.
Heat-induced triploids in Brycon amazonicus: a strategic fish species for aquaculture and conservation
Authors: do Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira , Bertolini Rafaela Manchin , Lopez Lucia Soares , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada , Monzani Paulo Sérgio , Senhorini José Augusto , Vianna Roberto Castro , Yasui George Shigueki 
Published: April 2021

SummaryTriploidization plays an important role in aquaculture and surrogate technologies. In this study, we induced triploidy in the matrinxã fish (Brycon amazonicus) using a heat-shock technique. Embryos at 2 min post fertilization (mpf) were heat shocked at 38°C, 40°C, or 42°C for 2 min. Untreated, intact embryos were used as a control. Survival rates during early development were monitored and ploidy status was confirmed using flow cytometry and nuclear diameter analysis of erythrocytes. The hatching rate reduced with heat-shock treatment, and heat-shock treatments at 42°C resulted in no hatching events. Optimal results were obtained at 40°C with 95% of larvae exhibiting triploidy. Therefore, we report that heat-shock treatments of embryos (2 mpf) at 40°C for 2 min is an effective way to induce triploid individuals in B. amazonicus.
Lipid peroxidation in bull semen influences sperm traits and oxidative potential of Percoll®-selected sperm
Authors: Castiglioni Vivian Cardoso , Siqueira Adriano Felipe Perez , Bicudo Luana de Cássia , de Almeida Tamie Guibu , Hamilton Thais Rose dos Santos , de Castro Leticia Signori , Mendes Camilla Mota , Nichi Marcílio , Losano João Diego de Agostini , Visitin José Antônio , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz D´Ávila 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAlthough bovine embryoin vitroproduction (IVP) is a common assisted reproductive technology, critical points warrant further study, including sperm traits and oxidative status of sperm forin vitrofertilization (IVF). Our aim was to evaluate whether the lipid peroxidation index of commercial bull semen is influenced by sperm traits and oxidative status of sperm populations selected using Percoll® gradient. Semen straws from 48 batches from 14 Nelore bulls were thawed individually, analyzed for motility and subjected to Percoll selection. After Percoll, the lipid peroxidation index of the extender was evaluated, whereas selected sperm were analyzed for motility, acrosome and membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, chromatin resistance and oxidative potential under IVF conditions. Batches were divided retrospectively in four groups according to lipid peroxidation index. Sperm from Group 4 with the lowest index of lipid peroxidation had, after Percoll selection, greater plasma membrane integrity (81.3%;P= 0.004), higher mitochondrial potential (81.1%;P= 0.009) and lower oxidative potential (135.3 ng thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)/ml;P= 0.026) compared with Group 1 with highest lipid peroxidation index (74.3%, 73% and 213.1 ng TBARS/ml, respectively). Furthermore, we observed negative correlations for the lipid peroxidation index with motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial potential, and positive correlations with oxidative potential. In conclusion, oxidative stress in semen straws, as determined using lipid peroxidation in the extender, is associated with sperm traits and their oxidative potential under IVF conditions. These results provided further insights regarding the importance of preventing oxidative stress during semen handling and cryopreservation, as this could affect sperm selected for IVF. Finally, Percoll selection did not completely remove sperm with oxidative markers.
Adherence to guideline recommendations for urinary tract infections in adult women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lelie- van der Zande Rian , Bouvy Marcel , Teichert Martina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aim:
To study whether changes in drug preferences in the Dutch guideline for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) for General Practitioners (GPs) in 2013, resulted in corresponding changes in antibiotic dispensing.

Background:
For the treatment of uncomplicated UTI, nitrofurantoin remained the first choice, while fosfomycin became the second choice and changed ranks with trimethoprim. For a subsequent febrile UTI, ciprofloxacin became the first choice and changed ranks with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, co-trimoxazole remained the third choice.

Methods:
In this observational cross-sectional study, routinely collected dispensing data from the Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical Statistics from 2012 to 2017 were used. The number of women 18 years and older, treated with one of the guideline antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI were analysed annually. Proportions were calculated. Data were stratified for age categories. Failure of uncomplicated UTI treatment was defined as the dispensing of an antibiotic for febrile UTI within 14 days after the dispensing of an antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI.

Findings:
Data were available from 81% of all pharmacies in 2012 to 89% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed nitrofurantoin were relatively stable with 87.4% in 2012 and 84.4% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 5.4% in 2012 to 21.8% in 2017, whereas percentages of women dispensed trimethoprim decreased from 17.8% to 8.0%. Within age categories, the percentage of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 12.4% in women 18–30 years old to 36.7% in women above 80 years old. Percentages of women dispensed antibiotics for febrile UTI remained stable at 5% annually. Percentages of women receiving ciprofloxacin increased from 1.9% in 2012 to 3.3% in 2017, while those receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased from 2.9% to 1.8%. New guideline recommendations resulted in corresponding changes in dispensed antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI. Drug choices differed for age categories.
Effects of dignity therapy on palliative patients’ family members: A systematic review
Authors: Grijó Leonor , Tojal Carolina , Rego Francisca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveDignity therapy (DT) is a kind of psychotherapy that identifies the main concerns of end-of-life patients that affect their perception of dignity and helps them to find a new meaning in life. Most prior studies on DT analyze outcomes for palliative care patients. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the outcomes of DT in palliative care patients’ family members.MethodIn June 2020, a bibliographic search was performed using the terms “Dignity Therapy” and “Palliative Care” in the following databases: Cochrane library, TRIP database, PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge. Of the 294 articles found, 8 met the selection criteria and were considered in the present study. No articles were excluded based on their publication date.ResultsFamily members generally believe that DT helps them to better prepare the patient's end-of-life and overcome the bereavement phase. The legacy document was considered a source of comfort, and most would recommend DT to other people in their situation. DT is generally considered as important as any other aspect of the patient's treatment.Significance of resultsThere is evidence of the benefits of DT for palliative patients’ family members. However, there are still few studies that evaluate these outcomes. The existing evidence is poorly generalized, and thus, further studies are needed to deeply explore the benefits of this therapy both for patients and their families.
mvClaim
: an
R
package for multivariate general insurance claims severity modelling
Authors: Hu Sen , Murphy T. Brendan , O’Hagan Adrian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The mvClaim package in R provides flexible modelling frameworks for multivariate insurance claim severity modelling. The current version of the package implements a parsimonious mixture of experts (MoE) model family with bivariate gamma distributions, as introduced in Hu et al., and a finite mixture of copula regressions within the MoE framework as in Hu & O’Hagan. This paper presents the modelling approach theory briefly and the usage of the models in the package in detail. This package is hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/senhu/.
A Comparison of Moderate and Extreme ERA‐5 Daily Precipitation With Two Observational Data Sets
Authors: Rivoire Pauline , Martius Olivia , Naveau Philippe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA comparison of moderate to extreme daily precipitation from the ERA‐5 reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts against two observational gridded data sets, EOBS and CMORPH, is presented. We assess the co‐occurrence of precipitation days and compare the full precipitation distributions. The co‐occurrence is quantified by the hit rate. An extended generalized Pareto distribution (EGPD) is fitted to the positive precipitation distribution at every grid point and confidence intervals of quantiles compared. The Kullback–Leibler divergence is used to quantify the distance between the entire EGPDs obtained from ERA‐5 and the observations. For days exceeding the local 90th percentile, the mean hit rate is 65% between ERA‐5 and EOBS (over Europe) and 60% between ERA‐5 and CMORPH (globally). Generally, we find a decrease of the co‐occurrence with increasing precipitation intensity. The agreement between ERA‐5 and EOBS is weaker over the southern Mediterranean region and Iceland compared to the rest of Europe. Differences between ERA‐5 and CMORPH are smallest over the oceans. Differences are largest over NW America, Central Asia, and land areas between 15°S and 15°N. The confidence intervals on quantiles are overlapping between ERA‐5 and the observational data sets for more than 80% of the grid points on average. The intensity comparisons indicate an excellent agreement between ERA‐5 and EOBS over Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and Finland, and a disagreement over areas where EOBS uses sparse input stations. ERA‐5 and CMORPH precipitation intensity agree well over the midlatitudes and disagree over the tropics.
Supraglacial River Forcing of Subglacial Water Storage and Diurnal Ice Sheet Motion
Authors: Smith L. C. , Andrews L. C. , Pitcher L. H , Overstreet B. T. , Rennermalm Å. K. , Cooper M. G. , Cooley S. W. , Ryan J. C. , Miège C. , Kershner C. , Simpson C. E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurface melting impacts ice sheet sliding by supplying water to the bed, but subglacial processes driving ice accelerations are complex. We examine linkages between surface runoff, transient subglacial water storage, and short‐term ice motion from 168 consecutive hourly measurements of meltwater discharge (moulin input) and GPS‐derived ice surface motion for Rio Behar, a ∼60 km2 moulin‐terminating supraglacial river catchment on the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet. Short‐term accelerations in ice speed correlate strongly with lag‐corrected measures of supraglacial river discharge (r = 0.9, τ = 0.7, p < 0.01). Though our 7 days record cannot address seasonal‐scale forcing, diurnal ice accelerations align with normalized differenced supraglacial and proglacial discharge, a proxy for subglacial storage change, better than GPS‐derived ice surface uplift. These observations counter theoretical steady state basal sliding laws and suggest that moulin and proglacially induced fluctuations in subglacial water storage, rather than absolute subglacial water storage, drive short‐term ice accelerations.
Impact of Remineralization Profile Shape on the Air‐Sea Carbon Balance
Authors: Lauderdale Jonathan Maitland , Cael B. B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ocean's “biological pump” significantly modulates atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. However, the complexity and variability of processes involved introduces uncertainty in interpretation of transient observations and future climate projections. Much research has focused on “parametric uncertainty,” particularly determining the exponent(s) of a power‐law relationship of sinking particle flux with depth. Varying this relationship's functional form introduces additional “structural uncertainty.” We use an ocean biogeochemistry model substituting six alternative remineralization profiles fit to a reference power‐law curve, to systematically characterize structural uncertainty, which, in atmospheric pCO2 terms, is roughly 50% of parametric uncertainty associated with varying the power‐law exponent within its plausible global range, and similar to uncertainty associated with regional variation in power‐law exponents. The substantial contribution of structural uncertainty to total uncertainty highlights the need to improve characterization of biological pump processes, and compare the performance of different profiles within Earth System Models to obtain better constrained climate projections.
Parker Solar Probe FIELDS Instrument Charging in the Near Sun Environment: Part 2: Comparison of In‐Flight Data and Modeling Results
Authors: Diaz‐Aguado M. F. , Bonnell J. W. , Bale S. D. , Wang J. , Gruntman M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research shows Part II of the Spacecraft Interaction Plasma Software (SPIS) used to model the parker solar probe (PSP) FIELDS instrument and its interactions with the Solar Wind. Flight data were used to run the PSP model and compared with models using past predicted parameters. The effect of voltage biasing between the antenna, its shield, and the spacecraft on the current balance of each surface was investigated at first perihelion (0.16AU). The model data were reduced to I–V curves to find current saturations (analysis results 52 µA vs. flight results 54–72 µA), and sheath resistances (analysis results of 307 kΩ vs. flight results of 51 kΩ). The recommended bias current to ensure optimal sensitivity of the FIELDS antenna was between −52 and −22 µA, which corresponded to a differential potential with respect to the spacecraft between −5 and 5 V. The analysis also shows that plasma sheath of the FIELDS antenna and the plasma sheath of the FIELDS shield interacted between each other with an impedance of ∼220 kΩ.
Energy Transfer Between Hot Protons and Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in Compressional Pc5 Ultra‐low Frequency Waves
Authors: Kitamura N. , Shoji M. , Nakamura S. , Kitahara M. , Amano T. , Omura Y. , Hasegawa H. , Boardsen S. A. , Miyoshi Y. , Katoh Y. , Teramoto M. , Saito Y. , Yokota S. , Hirahara M. , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. L. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Ahmadi N. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Ergun R. E. , Fuselier S. A. , Burch J. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observed many enhancements of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in an event in the late afternoon outer magnetosphere. These enhancements occurred mainly in the troughs of magnetic field intensity associated with a compressional ultralow frequency (ULF) wave. The ULF wave had a period of ∼2–5 min (Pc5 frequency range) and was almost static in the plasma rest frame. The magnetic and ion pressures were in antiphase. They are consistent with mirror‐mode type structures. We apply the Wave‐Particle Interaction Analyzer method, which can quantitatively investigate the energy transfer between hot anisotropic protons and EMIC waves, to burst‐mode data obtained by the four MMS spacecraft. The energy transfer near the cyclotron resonance velocity was identified in the vicinity of the center of troughs of magnetic field intensity, which corresponds to the maxima of ion pressure in the compressional ULF wave. This result is consistent with the idea that the EMIC wave generation is modulated by ULF waves, and preferential locations for the cyclotron resonant energy transfer are the troughs of magnetic field intensity. In these troughs, relatively low resonance velocity due to the lower magnetic field intensity and the enhanced hot proton flux likely contribute to the enhanced energy transfer from hot protons to the EMIC waves by cyclotron resonance. Due to the compressional ULF wave, regions of the cyclotron resonant energy transfer can be narrow (only a few times of the gyroradii of hot resonant protons) in magnetic local time.
Seven Decades of Neutron Monitors (1951–2019): Overview and Evaluation of Data Sources
Authors: Väisänen Pauli , Usoskin Ilya , Mursula Kalevi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe worldwide network of neutron monitors (NMs) is the primary instrument to study cosmic‐ray variability on time scales of up to 70 yr. Since the 1950s, 147 NMs with publicly available data have been in operation, and their records are archived in and distributed through different repositories and data sources. A comprehensive analysis of all available NM data sets (300 data sets from 147 NMs) is performed here to check the quality and consistency of the data. The data sources include World Data Center for Cosmic Rays, the Neutron Monitor Database, the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation (IZMIRAN) and individual station/institution databases. It was found that The data from the same NM can be nonidentical and of different quality in different sources. We give and tabulate here a recommendation for the optimal data source of each NM. We also present here a list of 29 “prime” stations with the longest and most reliable data. Verified data sets for these prime stations are provided as supplementary information.