bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein zentrales Sicherheitselement
Authors: Hüske Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn vielen Branchen genießt die Zuverlässigkeit der Produktion und Produktionsprozesse höchste Priorität. Das gilt sowohl in der pharmazeutischen Industrie, der Öl‐ und Gasindustrie, der Chemie und Petrochemie als auch im Energiesektor. Die Betreiber streb
Bifunctional catalyst of mordenite‐ and alumina‐supported platinum for isobutane hydroisomerization to n‐butane
Authors: Duan Yaoyao , Jiang Hui , Wang Hefang 
Published: June 2021

Abstractn‐Butane has higher value‐added applications than isobutane in the petrochemical process. To improve the catalytic performance of isobutane isomerization catalysts, catalysts of mordenite‐ and alumina‐supported platinum were prepared. The intimacy between metal and acid sites and platinum content was investigated. The effect of reaction conditions on the catalytic performance of the catalyst was analyzed by response surface methodology. The characterization results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, specific surface area, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed high dispersion of platinum on the catalysts. The results of temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD) indicated that more acid sites existed on millimetre scale and centimetre scale catalysts than on Pt‐HM/Al2O3 and Pt‐Al2O3/HM, which led to low selectivity of n‐butane. The best yield of n‐butane was attained on microscale samples, as the larger diffusion distance inhibited the cracking reaction. The dispersion of reaction products indicated that the increase of platinum content slightly increased the selectivity of n‐butane. Compared with Pt‐HM/Al2O3, Pt‐Al2O3/HM showed high stability due to fewer carbon deposits in the catalytic reaction process. The optimal reaction condition in isobutane isomerization was T = 413.4°C, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) = 5.31 h−1, and P = 2.57 MPa.
Correlations between Substituent Effects and Catalytic Activities: A Quantitative Approach for the Development of Halogen‐Bonding‐Driven Anion‐Binding Catalysts
Authors: Momiyama Norie , Izumiseki Atsuto , Ohtsuka Naoya , Suzuki Toshiyasu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA quantitative approach for the development of halogen‐bonding‐driven anion‐binding catalysts was studied using 4‐substituted perfluorinated iodobenzene. 19F NMR titrations were used to determine the binding constants K for chloride, and their catalytic activities were evaluated in the allylation reaction of a N‐activated pyridine. We discovered that the log K and product yields were linearly correlated, and that they were dependent on the Hammett substituent parameter, σmeta (r2=0.99). This linear correlation provided a quantitative predictive model for both the binding constant and the reaction yield. Concomitantly, this efficiently permitted the development of a highly active anion‐binding catalyst, namely 4‐CNC6F4I (K=489±5 M−1). Additionally, the catalytic activity of 4‐CNC6F4I was established in the allylation and crotylation of N‐activated isoquinolines (7 examples). Overall, this approach highlights the value of quantitative analysis by exploring experimentally informed correlations in the development of halogen bond donor catalysts.
Ear symptoms in patients with orofacial pain and dysfunction ‐ An explorative study on different TMD symptoms, occlusion and habits
Authors: Mejersjö Christina , Pauli Nina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesEar symptoms coincident with TMD symptoms have been noticed for a long time. The aim was to investigate the relationship between reported ear symptoms in TMD patients and different TMD symptoms, dental occlusion, oral parafunction and habits.Material and methodsConsecutive patients, ≥18 years of age and referred to a specialist clinic for orofacial pain and dysfunction during a three‐month period, were considered for the study. Patients with poor general or psychiatric health were excluded. One hundred thirty‐two patients were included and studied with regard to reported ear symptoms in relation to clinical dysfunction, occlusion, habits and subjective rating of their symptoms. A clinical examination was performed according to RDC/TMD and extended with occlusal factors, parafunctions and habits.ResultsEar symptoms were reported by 72% of the TMD patients, with ear fullness in 49% as the most frequent symptom. The patients with ear symptoms were significantly older and proportionally more often females. Ear symptoms were significantly correlated to the subjective index, to myalgia (p = 0.003), decreased opening capacity (p = 0.01), TMJ pain (p = 0.02), parafunctions (p = 0.007), and some occlusal factor (p = 0.018–0.003). Muscle pain on palpation was significantly associated with ear fullness, and changed hearing and sensitivity to sound, on the same side (p < 0.005).ConclusionsEar symptoms are frequently reported by TMD patients. Concomitant ear symptoms are associated with oral parafunction and muscle pain on palpation on the same side as the ear symptoms.
Fine motor abilities and parental input of spatial features predict object word comprehension of Turkish‐learning children
Authors: Kobaş Mert , Aktan‐Erciyes Aslı , Göksun Tilbe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObject word learning can be based on infant‐related factors such as their manual actions and socio‐linguistic factors such as parental input. Specific input for spatial features (i.e., size, shape, features of objects) can be related to object word comprehension in early vocabulary development. In a longitudinal study, we investigated whether fine motor abilities at 14 months and parental input for spatial features at 19 months predicted object word comprehension at 25 months. Twenty‐seven Turkish‐learning children were tested at three time points (Time 1: Mage = 14.4 months, Time 2: Mage = 18.6 months, Time 3: Mage = 25 months). We measured word comprehension through the parental report and fine motor abilities with Mullen at Time 1. We used a puzzle play session to assess parental input for spatial features at Time 2 and a standardized receptive vocabulary test at Time 3. We found that fine motor abilities were related to object word comprehension. However, parental input for spatial features at 19 months predicted object word comprehension at 25 months beyond fine motor abilities at 14 months. Early fine motor abilities and using different words for spatial features may foster infants' visual experiences in play and exploration episodes, leading to better object word learning.
Cluster‐assembled materials: Ordered structures with advanced properties
Authors: Liu Qingda , Wang Xun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCluster‐assembled materials (CAMs) present delicate structures and tailored properties, which have gained extensive interest in recent years. Due to the noncovalent linkage and size of sub‐1 nm, clusters present polymer‐like solution behaviors distinct from conventional nanocrystals, whereby a variety of CAMs with different constructions have been fabricated. To our knowledge, the morphologies and properties of CAMs are closely connected, which are strongly dependent on the structure and coordination state of cluster building blocks. For the CAMs with superior performances, the specific arrangement and surroundings of clusters at subnanometer scale usually result in well‐organized structures. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress of CAMs with highly ordered structures and advanced properties, where polyoxometalate cluster assemblies as well as cluster–nuclei co‐assemblies are involved. The application potentials of CAMs are then discussed, especially on the cluster arrangements and interactions at subnanometer scale. However, current researches are far from reaching the point, and future efforts are needed before the nature of cluster‐based nanostructures can be sufficiently revealed. We hope this article can offer unique insights and instructive understanding to the CAMs.
Impact of supplementation with vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid on the reduction of homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Olaso‐Gonzalez Gloria , Inzitari Marco , Bellelli Giuseppe , Morandi Alessandro , Barcons Núria , Viña José 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia is an independent predictor of the risk for cognitive decline and may be a result of low levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate. Previous findings suggest that adequate intake of these vitamins may reduce homocysteine levels. This review aimed to assess the effects of treatment with vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid in the homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A systematic literature review was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The research question was formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework: in patients with MCI (P); what is the efficacy of vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid intake (I); compared with baseline values, and/or compared with controls (C); in reducing homocysteine levels from baseline (O). A total of eight primary studies with a total of 1,140 participants were included in the review. Four were randomized controlled trials, one was a quasi‐controlled trial, and three were observational studies. All studies included folic acid in their intervention, seven vitamin B12, and four vitamin B6. Mean (SD) length of the intervention period was 18.8 (19.3) months, ranging from 1 to 60 months. All studies showed a statistically significant decrease in homocysteine levels in groups treated with vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid compared to controls, with a mean decline of homocysteine concentration of 31.9% in the intervention arms whereas it increased by 0.7% in the control arm. This review identified evidence of a reduction of plasma homocysteine levels in MCI patients taking vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid supplements, with statistically significant declines being observed after 1 month of supplementation. Findings support that supplementation with these vitamins might be an option to reduce homocysteine levels in people with MCI and elevated plasma homocysteine.
Microneedle based adipose derived stem cells‐derived extracellular vesicles therapy ameliorates UV‐induced photoaging in SKH‐1 mice
Authors: Cao Zhi , Jin Shengkai , Wang Peiru , He Qiumin , Yang Yuling , Gao Zhengliang , Wang Xiuli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles from adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs‐EVs) have shown immunomodulation and anti‐photoaging effects; however, the skin barrier prevents their absorption via skin. Meanwhile, microneedle (MN) is a widely used and minimally invasive tool for dermal delivery of drugs, it also has neocollagenesis effect by creating tiny injuries and initiating wound healing process. To investigate the effect of MN combined with ADSCs‐EVs on skin aging, photoaging in SKH‐1 mice was induced by chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Then the mice were treated following a split‐dorsal scheme, in which one side had MN alone or MN + EVs treatment and the other side was left untreated. For the side treated with MN alone or MN + EVs, the epidermal thickness was decreased and the skin barrier function was enhanced compared with the untreated side. However, MN + EVs group showed the least wrinkles, the highest collagen density and the most organized collagen fibers among the three groups. The level of CD11b + cell infiltration was lower in MN + EVs group than that in the MN group at 3 day after the treatment. These results indicated that MN treatment alone could improve epidermal structure and function of photoaging skin, and a combination with ADSCs‐EVs would accelerate the restoration of inflammation caused by MN and improve the content of collagen. In all, this study indicated that a combination of MN and topical applied ADSCs‐EVs was a feasible and safe strategy to ameliorate photoaging, providing a new avenue for safe administration of EVs.
Exaggerated activities of TRPM7 underlie bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity in the SH‐SY5Y cells preconditioned with high glucose
Authors: Dai Shuang‐Hua , Li Ya‐Wen , Hong Qing‐Xiong , Su Tao , Xu Shi‐Yuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyperglycemia is considered a risk factor for the enhancement of local anesthetic‐induced neurotoxicity. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a kinase‐coupled cation channel, has been implicated in a variety of neuropathological processes, including intracellular calcium disturbance and high glucose‐induced neuropathy. In this study, we investigated whether TRPM7‐related pathophysiology is involved in bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells and how hyperglycemia acts as a risk factor. For initial neurotoxicity evaluation, it was confirmed that cell damage and apoptosis induced by acute exposure to bupivacaine were dependent on its concentration and glucose preconditioning. High glucose preconditioning facilitated the bupivacaine‐induced fast and temporary rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), which was attributed to both calcium influx through TRPM7 and calcium store release. Additionally, bupivacaine was shown to increase TRPM7‐like currents, particularly in cells preconditioned with high glucose. Bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity in hyperglycemia was correlated with extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), but not protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Inhibition of TRPM7 and ERK activity alleviates bupivacaine neurotoxicity. These results suggest that therapeutically targeting TRPM7‐related pathophysiological changes could be a potential strategy for treating local anesthetic‐induced neurotoxicity exacerbated by hyperglycemia.
High‐risk health behaviors predict depression among school‐going adolescents: the need for integration of mental health with school health program in India
Authors: Chauhan Pooja A. , Rupani Mihir Prafulbhai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur objective was to estimate the prevalence of depression and to determine whether high‐risk health behaviors were associated with it among school‐going adolescents, thereby assessing the need to integrate mental health services with the school health program. We conducted a cross‐sectional study among 260 adolescents in schools of Bhavnagar city (western India) during January–October 2017. To assess depression, Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) was used and high‐risk health behaviors were assessed by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) tool. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether high‐risk health behaviors were independent predictors of depression. The prevalence of depression was found to be 43%. Among high‐risk health behaviors, adolescents carrying a sharp weapon to the school was the lowest (4%) and not eating breakfast was the highest (88%). On multiple logistic regression, feeling unsafe at school, self‐perception regarding overweight, being a female, not living with both parents in the same house, being unhappy with school performance, having illness/seriously injured, and immediate family member being seriously ill/injured were found to be the significant predictors of depression among the adolescents. There is a need to address mental health issues like depression and high‐risk health behaviors under the school health program through screening interventions.
A systematic review of psycho‐social interventions for individuals with a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant
Authors: Warner Nikolett Zsuzsanna , Matthews Soraya , Groarke AnnMarie , McSharry Jenny 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWomen with a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 genes have up to an 87% lifetime risk of breast cancer and up to a 68% lifetime risk for ovarian cancer. Common risk‐reducing measures include prophylactic surgeries or pharmacological approaches, such as chemoprevention. Psycho‐social issues can arise due to this increased risk, often resulting in heightened distress or anxiety. This review examines the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving psychological adjustment in individuals with a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2. A Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) Panel of six individuals with a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant provided input on the terminology used and dissemination of the review. Interventions assessing psychological measures in BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers, published in English, were considered eligible for inclusion. A systematic search strategy was carried out on OVID, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collections, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessments, and theory coding. Findings were reported through narrative synthesis. Of the 1,024 results from searches, fifteen interventions were eligible. Nine of these were randomized controlled trials, six were quasi‐experimental. There was heterogeneity in intervention design, with limited evidence of improvement upon psychological outcome measures. No study was rated as being low risk for bias. Five studies obtained the highest level of risk for bias, the majority of issues arising from problematic outcome measurement. No single study met all criteria on the Theory Coding Scheme, with five studies mentioning a theoretical aspect to intervention design, of which three employed a middle‐range theory only. Some studies demonstrated a longitudinal impact on outcomes, however, there is insufficient evidence to draw broad conclusions from this. Further research is needed to better develop interventions to support those with a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 throughout their coping experience.
Multi‐beam steered harmonic pattern synthesis in timed antenna array with optimized and pre‐defined RF switching
Authors: Ram Gopi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOptimal harmonic beam steering of the time‐modulated linear antenna array (TMLAA) with optimized and pre‐defined ON and OFF switching schemes are proposed in this work. Three different approaches are considered to obtain various beam steering behaviors of TMLAA. The first approach is considered for the optimization of ON–OFF switching sequence for the steering of the harmonic beams toward approximately ±30° along with the simultaneous reduction of side lobe level (SLL) and side band level (SBL). Second approach is considered for the optimization of ON–OFF switching sequence for the steering of the harmonic beams toward approximately ±30° and ±60° simultaneously. Third approach is considered for the optimal reduction of SLL and SBL of harmonically steered beams for a pre‐defined ON–OFF switching scheme. Two unique cost function is proposed in this work to achieve the optimal parameter for above mentioned three different approaches. The first cost function is used for the optimization of Ton and Toff switching sequence and antenna element spacing of the array. These optimal values will lead to steer the main beam of first positive and negative harmonic radiation from the main beam of the fundamental radiation pattern and reduce SLL and SBL simultaneously. Second cost function deals with the optimization of excitation amplitude and distance between any two consecutive antennas of the array. These optimal values lead to reducing the SLL and SBL simultaneously harmonically steered beam obtained by pre‐defined Ton and Toff switching sequence. Optimization algorithm applied to get the optimal value of the variable parameters is Novel Particle Swarm Optimization. Further to explain the stated proposed approach, four different sets of 10‐, 16‐, 20‐, 32‐element TMLAA are taken as an example. Some of the simulation results are validated through electromagnetic simulator to validate the result obtained by MATLAB.
Effect of pharmacist education and intervention on ketorolac prescribing in an emergency department
Authors: O’Brien Michael E. , Fuh Lanting , White Benjamin A. , Bowman Jason K. , Hayes Bryan D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists serve many important roles within the emergency department (ED) and frequently provide education on medications to clinicians and patients. Following a study that demonstrated a potential “analgesic ceiling” effect with ketorolac and suggested that doses lower than 30 mg IV may be effective, we implemented a reduced‐dose ketorolac pathway in our institution’s ED.AimTo assess the impact pharmacist education and on‐shift, active interventions had on ED clinicians' IV ketorolac prescribing habits.MethodThis was a retrospective, quasi‐experimental study conducted to evaluate the effect of a brief pharmacist‐led educational email intervention on ketorolac prescribing habits within an ED at a large, academic medical center. All orders of IV ketorolac for adult patients in the ED 180 days prior to and following the educational email were included in the analysis.ResultsPrior to the educational effort, 30 mg IV doses of ketorolac were most frequently ordered (n = 1772). However, following the educational effort, significantly fewer orders were for the 30 mg dose (n = 718) and the majority of orders were for 15 mg IV (n = 2081; p < 0.00001), consistent with the teaching from the intervention.ConclusionIn this study, a significant prescribing practice change was facilitated by pharmacist‐led email education supported by on‐shift active guidance for clinicians by pharmacists.
Lake snow caused by the invasive diatom Lindavia intermedia can be discriminated from different sites and from other algae using vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Ahmmed Fatema , Fraser‐Miller Sara J. , Garagoda Arachchige Piumika Samanali , Schallenberg Marc , Novis Phil , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLake snow refers to mucilaginous suspended material in lakes comprising of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and other components. The present study employed Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to discriminate lake snow produced by the diatom Lindavia intermedia from different lakes (Wānaka, Wakatipu and Hāwea) in New Zealand and from mucilaginous samples associated with other algae. It is possible to distinguish algal material including extracellular polymeric substances produced by L. intermedia and the genera Didymosphenia, Zygnema, Spirogyra and Nostoc. Furthermore, the study also explored the use of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative detection of lake snow suspended in a water column using partial least squares regression (PLSR). Thirty‐three (33) samples (lake snow, 21; Didymosphenia, 3; Zygnema, 3; Spirogyra, 3; Nostoc, 3) were analysed using Raman and IR spectroscopy. The data analysis was carried out through support vector machine (SVM) and principal component analysis–linear discriminate analysis (PCA–LDA)‐based classification methods. The SVM classification model provided better accuracy (100%) in species discrimination for both the calibration and full cross‐validation sets compared to the accuracy (92%) obtained by the PCA–LDA model. The PCA analysis separated lake snow based on both sampling location and sampling depth. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was constructed using different dilutions (0.0001 to 0.0284 mg/ml) of lake snow suspension with two different spectral preprocessing methods (PP1, smoothing + SNV transformation; PP2, smoothing + RBC + SNV transformation) to investigate the ability of 1064 nm Raman in the quantification of suspended algal loading in the water column. The PLSR analysis with PP1 (smoothing + SNV transformation) demonstrated a better correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.94 with lower RMSEcv of 0.2% compared to PP2 (R2, 0.71; RMSEcv, 0.5%). Overall, the present study demonstrated the potential for Raman and IR spectroscopy to detect and distinguish differences within lake snow samples.