bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of transient eddies and diabatic heating in the maintenance of European heat waves: a nonlinear quasi-stationary wave perspective
Authors: Ma Qiyun , Franzke Christian L. E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEuropean heat waves result from large-scale stationary waves and have major impacts on the economy and mortality. However, the dynamical processes leading to and maintaining heat waves are still not well understood. Here we use a nonlinear stationary wave model (NSWM) to examine the role played by anomalous stationary waves and how they are forced during heat waves. For our study, we use the Japanese Reanalysis (JRA-55) data for the period 1958 through 2017. We show that the NSWM can successfully reproduce the main features of the observed anomalous stationary waves in the upper troposphere. Our results indicate that the dynamics of heat waves are nonlinear, and transient momentum fluxes are the primary drivers of the observed anomalous stationary waves. The contribution from orographic forcing is moderate and mainly through nonlinear interactions with diabatic heating. Further decomposition of the transients indicates that the high-frequency transient vorticity fluxes make dominant contributions. Furthermore, our results reveal that the response to heating located in the tropical Indian Ocean and the west Pacific region is primarily responsible for maintaining the observed anomalous stationary waves linked to European heat waves. This is confirmed by exploring the relationship between heat waves and the Indian Ocean Dipole strength. The heating in the mid-latitude and tropical Atlantic region plays a secondary role. Our results suggest that European heat waves are potentially predictable by considering the nonlinear effects involved in anomalous stationary waves and the heating sources in the nearby and remote tropical region.
Diagnostic and management strategies for congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula: a systematic review
Authors: Sampat Keerthika , Losty Paul D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
H type tracheoesophageal fistula (H-TEF) is a rare congenital anomaly. Management may be complicated by late diagnosis and variation(s) in the therapeutic strategy. A systematic review of published studies explores the utility of diagnostic studies, operations and postoperative complications.

Methods
Medline and PubMed database(s) were searched for ALL studies reporting H-TEF during 1997–2020. Using PRISMA methodology, manuscripts were screened for eligibility and reporting.

Results
Forty-seven eligible studies were analysed. Primary diagnosis varied widely with surgeons performing oesophagography and trachea-bronchoscopy. Preoperative localisation techniques included fluoroscopy, guidewire placement and catheterisation. A cervical approach (209 of 272 cases), as well as thoracotomy, thoracoscopy and endoscopic fistula ligation, were all described. Morbidity included fistula recurrence (1.7%), leak (2%), tracheomalacia (3.4%) and respiratory sequelae (1%). The major adverse complication in all studies was vocal cord palsy secondary to laryngeal nerve injury (18.5%) yet strikingly few centres routinely reported undertaking vocal cord screening pre or postoperatively.

Conclusion
This study shows that paediatric surgeons record low volume activity with H type tracheoesophageal fistula. Variation(s) in clinical practice are widely evident. Laryngeal nerve injury and its subsequent management warrant special consideration. Care pathways may offset attendant morbidity and define 'best practice.'
How to distinguish between different cell lineages sharing common markers using combinations of double in-situ-hybridization and immunostaining in avian embryos: CXCR4-positive mesodermal and neural crest-derived cells
Authors: Yahya Imadeldin , Böing Marion , Brand-Saberi Beate , Morosan-Puopolo Gabriela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCell migration plays a crucial role in early embryonic development. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been reported to guide migration of neural crest cells (NCCs) to form the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sympathetic ganglia (SG). CXCR4 also plays an important part during the formation of limb and cloacal muscles. NCCs migration and muscle formation during embryonic development are usually considered separately, although both cell lineages migrate in close neighbourhood and have markers in common. In this study, we present a new method for the simultaneous detection of CXCR4, mesodermal markers and NCCs markers during chicken embryo developmental stages HH18–HH25 by combining double whole-mount in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunostaining on floating vibratome sections. The simultaneous detection of CXCR4 and markers for the mesodermal and neural crest cells in multiple labelling allowed us to compare complex gene expression patterns and it could be easily used for a wide range of gene expression pattern analyses of other chicken embryonic tissues. All steps of the procedure, including the preparation of probes and embryos, prehybridization, hybridization, visualization of the double labelled transcripts and immunostaining, are described in detail.
Visualisation of cholesterol and ganglioside GM1 in zebrafish models of Niemann–Pick type C disease and Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome using light sheet microscopy
Authors: Cook Sophie R. , Bladen Cerys , Smith Johanna , Maguire Emily , Copner Jordan , Fenn Gareth D. , Wager Kim , Waller-Evans Helen , Lloyd-Evans Emyr 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLysosomal storage diseases are the most common cause of neurodegeneration in children. They are characterised at the cellular level by the accumulation of storage material within lysosomes. There are very limited therapeutic options, and the search for novel therapies has been hampered as few good small animal models are available. Here, we describe the use of light sheet microscopy to assess lipid storage in drug and morpholino induced zebrafish models of two diseases of cholesterol homeostasis with lysosomal dysfunction: First, Niemann–Pick type C disease (NPC), caused by mutations in the lysosomal transmembrane protein NPC1, characterised by intralysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and several other lipids. Second, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS), caused by mutations in 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which catalyses the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis and is characterised by intralysosomal accumulation of dietary cholesterol. This is the first description of a zebrafish SLOS model. We find that zebrafish accurately model lysosomal storage and disease-specific phenotypes in both diseases. Increased cholesterol and ganglioside GM1 were observed in sections taken from NPC model fish, and decreased cholesterol in SLOS model fish, but these are of limited value as resolution is poor, and accurate anatomical comparisons difficult. Using light sheet microscopy, we were able to observe lipid changes in much greater detail and identified an unexpected accumulation of ganglioside GM1 in SLOS model fish. Our data demonstrate, for the first time in zebrafish, the immense potential that light sheet microscopy has in aiding the resolution of studies involving lysosomal and lipid disorders.
Voluntary activity reverses spermidine-induced myocardial fibrosis and lipid accumulation in the obese male mouse
Authors: Mühlfeld Christian , Pfeiffer Clara , Schneider Vanessa , Bornemann Melanie , Schipke Julia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObesity due to high calorie intake induces cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, thus contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies in aging suggest that oral supplementation with the natural polyamine spermidine has a cardioprotective effect. Here, the hypothesis was tested that spermidine or voluntary activity alone or in combination protect the heart from adverse effects induced by obesity. Therefore, C57Bl/6 mice (n = 8–10 per group) were subjected to control or high fat diet (HFD) and were left untreated, or either received spermidine via drinking water or were voluntarily active or both. After 30 weeks, the mice were killed and the left ventricle of the hearts was processed for light and electron microscopy. Design-based stereology was used to estimate parameters of hypertrophy, fibrosis, and lipid accumulation. HFD induced cardiac hypertrophy as demonstrated by higher volumes of the left ventricle, cardiomyocytes, interstitium, myofibrils and cardiomyocyte mitochondria. These changes were not influenced by spermidine or voluntary activity. HFD also induced myocardial fibrosis and accumulation of lipid droplets within cardiomyocytes. These HFD effects were enhanced in spermidine treated animals but not in voluntarily active mice. This was even the case in voluntarily active mice that received spermidine. In conclusion, the data confirm the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy by high-fat diet and suggest that—under high fat diet—spermidine enhances cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation and interstitial fibrosis which is counteracted by voluntary activity.
Tools of the trade: studying actin in zebrafish
Authors: Pinto Clyde Savio , Mishima Masanori , Sampath Karuna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractActin is a conserved cytoskeletal protein with essential functions. Here, we review the state-of-the-art reagents, tools and methods used to probe actin biology and functions in zebrafish embryo and larvae. We also discuss specific cell types and tissues where the study of actin in zebrafish has provided new insights into its functions.
Thioredoxin 1 is upregulated in the bone and bone marrow following experimental myocardial infarction: evidence for a remote organ response
Authors: Godoy José R. , Pittrich Sarah , Slavic Svetlana , Lillig Christopher Horst , Hanschmann Eva-Maria , Erben Reinhold G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIschemia and reperfusion events, such as myocardial infarction (MI), are reported to induce remote organ damage severely compromising patient outcomes. Tissue survival and functional restoration relies on the activation of endogenous redox regulatory systems such as the oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin (Trx) family. Trxs and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are essential for the redox regulation of protein thiol groups and for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Here, we determined whether experimental MI induces changes in Trxs and Prxs in the heart as well as in secondary organs. Levels and localization of Trx1, TrxR1, Trx2, Prx1, and Prx2 were analyzed in the femur, vertebrae, and kidneys of rats following MI or sham surgery. Trx1 levels were significantly increased in the heart (P = 0.0017) and femur (P < 0.0001) of MI animals. In the femur and lumbar vertebrae, Trx1 upregulation was detected in bone-lining cells, osteoblasts, megakaryocytes, and other hematopoietic cells. Serum levels of Trx1 increased significantly 2 days after MI compared to sham animals (P = 0.0085). Differential regulation of Trx1 in the bone was also detected by immunohistochemistry 1 month after MI. N-Acetyl-cysteine treatment over a period of 1 month induced a significant reduction of Trx1 levels in the bone of MI rats compared to sham and to MI vehicle. This study provides first evidence that MI induces remote organ upregulation of the redox protein Trx1 in the bone, as a response to ischemia–reperfusion injury in the heart.
Protein expression pattern of calcium-responsive transactivator in early postnatal and adult testes
Authors: Du Ana , Li Li , Jiao Zhaoshuang , Zhu Gaochun , Peng Ting , Li He 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCalcium-responsive transactivator (CREST), a nuclear protein highly expressed in postmitotic neurons, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, differentiation and dendritic development of neuronal cells. Its mRNA has been detected in the testis of adult rat, whilst its protein expression and distribution pattern in the testis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the distribution of CREST in the adult testes of both rats and human as well as the expression pattern of CREST in the testes of postnatal developing rats. In the adult testes of both human and rats, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CREST was selectively distributed in the mature Sertoli cells but not in the spermatogenic cells. In the testes of postnatal developmental rats, CREST was expressed not only in Sertoli cells but also in the gonocytes and spermatogenic cells at the initial stage of spermatogenic cell differentiation. CREST immunoreactivity continued to increase in Sertoli cells during differentiation, reaching its peak in adulthood. However, CREST immunostaining intensity dramatically decreased as the spermatogenic cells differentiate, disappearing in the post-differentiation stage. Furthermore, Brg1 and p300, two CREST-interacting proteins ubiquitously expressed in the body, are found to be colocalized with CREST in the spermatogenic epithelial cells including Sertoli cells. The unique expression pattern of CREST in developing testis suggests that CREST might play regulatory roles in the differentiation of spermatogenic epithelial cells. The Sertoli cell-specific expression of CREST in the adulthood hints that CREST might be a novel biomarker for the mature Sertoli cells.
A combinatorial method to visualize the neuronal network in the mouse spinal cord: combination of a modified Golgi-Cox method and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography
Authors: Jiang Liyuan , Cao Yong , Yin Xianzhen , Ni Shuangfei , Li Miao , Li Chengjun , Luo Zixiang , Lu Hongbin , Hu Jianzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExploring the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of neurons is essential to understanding spinal cord function and associated diseases comprehensively. However, 3D imaging of the neuronal network in the broad region of the spinal cord at cellular resolution remains a challenge in the field of neuroscience. In this study, to obtain high-resolution 3D imaging of a detailed neuronal network in the mass of the spinal cord, the combination of synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) and the Golgi-cox staining were used. We optimized the Golgi-Cox method (GCM) and developed a modified GCM (M-GCM), which improved background staining, reduced the number of artefacts, and diminished the impact of incomplete vasculature compared to the current GCM. Moreover, we achieved high-resolution 3D imaging of the detailed neuronal network in the spinal cord through the combination of SRμCT and M-GCM. Our results showed that the M-GCM increased the contrast between the neuronal structure and its surrounding extracellular matrix. Compared to the GCM, the M-GCM also diminished the impact of the artefacts and incomplete vasculature on the 3D image. Additionally, the 3D neuronal architecture was successfully quantified using a combination of SRμCT and M-GCM. The SRμCT was shown to be a valuable non-destructive tool for 3D visualization of the neuronal network in the broad 3D region of the spinal cord. Such a combinatorial method will, therefore, transform the presentation of Golgi staining from 2 to 3D, providing significant improvements in the 3D rendering of the neuronal network.
An introduction to perfect and imperfect competition via bilateral oligopoly
Authors: Dickson Alex , Tonin Simone 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the study of bilateral oligopoly, in which both sellers and buyers have substantial influence on the market. We lead readers coherently through the key results that emerge from the literature on bilateral oligopoly by means of worked examples based on the same underlying two commodity exchange economy, along with broader consideration of the relevant literature. This allows us to concisely compare the different equilibrium outcomes when agents act simultaneously vs sequentially, and when some/all agents are assumed to behave competitively, giving the reader much-needed straightforward access to the results of this challenging literature.
Maxillary expansion or contraction and occlusal contact adjustment: effectiveness of current aligner treatment
Authors: Riede Ulrike , Wai Sandra , Neururer Sabrina , Reistenhofer Bärbel , Riede Gregor , Besser Katharina , Crismani Adriano 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the precision of aligner (Invisalign®) treatment with the current material (SmartTrack®) in achieving expansion or contraction of the maxilla and occlusal contacts as simulated in the proprietary planning software (ClinCheck®, CC).

Materials and methods
Thirty patients thus treated were retrospectively evaluated. Four maxillary models were analyzed per patient: a pretreatment model, a scan-based CC model, a posttreatment clinical model, and a CC model reflecting the treatment outcome as initially simulated. Thirteen transverse parameters were measured on each model separately by two investigators. Occlusal contacts were also analyzed.

Results
The measuring method was validated by both investigators arriving at similar results for the effectiveness by which the simulated treatment goals had been clinically achieved. Significant differences (p < 0.05; Wilcoxon signed-rank test) were observed for transfer precision from the casts to the planning software and between the simulated and clinical outcomes. Intense occlusal contacts in the simulations materialized less common (≈ 2%) than ideal contacts (≈ 60%) in the clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
The effectiveness of achieving the simulated transverse goals was 45% and was generally not found to be better with SmartTrack® than with the previously used Ex30® material. Out of 100 simulated occlusal contacts, 40 will never materialize, and achieving around 60 will adequately ensure a clinically favorable contact pattern.

Clinical relevance
With the caveat that any overcorrection will to some extent reduce the precision, it seems perfectly possible to make deliberate use of overcorrection in current aligner therapies for transverse maxillary expansion or contraction.
Reversible severe glycogenic hepatopathy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: de Laffolie Jan , Kamrath Clemens , Burchert Diana , Böttcher Claudia , Wudy Stefan Alexander , Zimmer Klaus-Peter 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Case presentation
We report a case of severe glycogenic hepatopathy in a 17-year-old boy with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. On presentation, major findings included unexplained pronounced hepatomegaly and increased liver enzymes, ferritin, and triglycerides. Histology and electron microscopy evaluation showed severe glycogen storage, steatosis, and signs of fibrosis, resembling the histomorphological findings of Mauriac syndrome. After information about the nature of the disease and intensification of insulin therapy with insulin pump, liver enzymes, ferritin, and triglycerides normalized within 1 month.

Conclusion
Glycogenic hepatopathy is a rare but important potential complication in poorly controlled juvenile diabetic patients. With improved metabolic control, it is fully reversible.
Vacuum-Assisted Hot-Forming Using Tailored Laminate Temperature
Authors: Grankäll Tommy , Hallander Per , Åkermo Malin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA non-isothermal vacuum assisted hot-forming process using tailored laminate temperature is introduced. By using process simulation and manufacturing experiments, improved laminate quality is achieved compared to the standard hot-forming process. Furthermore, it is also shown that the manufacturing time in the clean room can be reduced to one tenth of the standard process time. In this study 8.4 mm thick quasi-isotropic laminates from unidirectional prepreg were laid up flat with an automatic tape laying machine and hot-formed to a U-shaped laminate. The laminates were then cured in a concave mould with standard bag on the inside. A complete tailored temperature hot-forming cycle of 7.5 min produced a very good final laminate quality with a total thickness variation as low as 4.0% and without wrinkles or indications of porosity. With a 4 min hot-forming cycle the thickness variation was also acceptable at 8%.
Sol–gel based synthesis and biological properties of zinc integrated nano bioglass ceramics for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Paramita Pragyan , Ramachandran Murugesan , Narashiman Srinivasan , Nagarajan Selvamurugan , Sukumar Dinesh Kumar , Chung Tze-Wen , Ambigapathi Moorthi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBone is a flexible and electro active tissue that is vulnerable to various traumatic injuries. The self-healing of damaged bone tissue towards reconstruction is limited due to the lack of proper niche compliances. Nevertheless, the classical grafting techniques like autograft/allograft for bone repair pose challenges like bacterial infections and donor-site morbidity with unsatisfactory outcomes. The use of appropriate biomaterial with osteogenic potential can meet these challenges. In this regard, bioactive glass ceramics is widely used as a bone filler or graft material because of its bonding affinity to bone leading towards bone reconstruction applications without the challenge of post implant infections. Hence, the current study is aimed at addressing this potentiality of zinc (Zn) for doped the bioglass at nano-scale advantages for bone tissue repair. Since, Zn has been demonstrated to have not only antibacterial property but also the stimulatory effect on osteoblasts differentiation, mineralization by enhancing the osteogenic genes expression. In view of these, the present study is focused on sol–gel synthesis and pysico-chemical characterization of Zinc-doped bioglass nanoparticles (Zn-nBGC) and also analyzing its biological implications. The surface morphological and physiochemical characterizations using SEM, EDX, FT-IR and XRD analysis has shown the increased surface area of Zn-nBGC particles providing a great platform for biomolecular interaction, cytocompatibility, cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The obtaining hydroxy apatite groups have initiated in vitro mineralization towards osteogenic lineage formation. Zn has not only involved in enhancing cellular actions but also strengthen the ceramic nanoparticles towards antibacterial application. Hence the finding suggests a biomaterial synthesis of better biomaterial for bone tissue engineering application by preventing post-operative bacterial infection.
Characterization and cytocompatibility of 3D porous biomimetic scaffold derived from rabbit nucleus pulposus tissue in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tan Wei , Wu Mingxin , Sun Jin , Cao Wei , Zhou Chu-Song , Wu You 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the most important causes of lower back pain. Tissue engineering provides a new method for the experimental treatment of degenerative disc diseases. This study aims to develop a natural, acellular, 3D interconnected porous scaffold derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of nucleus pulposus. The nucleus pulposus (NP) was decellularized by sequential detergent-nuclease methods, including physical crushing, freeze-drying and cross-linking. These 3D porous scaffolds were fabricated with a high porosity of (81.28 ± 4.10)%, an ideal pore size with appropriate mechanical properties. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were seeded and cultured on the scaffolds. And the mechanical tests showed the compressive elastic modulus of the scaffolds cultured for 4 weeks reached 0.12 MPa, which was better than that of the scaffolds cultured for 2 weeks (0.07 MPa) and that of the control group (0.04 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological assays, molecular biology assays revealed that the scaffolds could provide an appropriate microstructure and environment for the adhesion, proliferation, migration and secretion of seeded cells in vitro. As assays like histology, immunohistochemistry and the real-time qRT-PCR showed, NP-like tissues were preliminarily formed. In conclusion, the 3D porous scaffold derived from NP ECM is a potential biomaterial for the regeneration of NP tissues.