bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The green peach aphid,Myzus persicae,transcriptome in response to a circulative, nonpropagative polerovirus,Potato leafroll virus”
Authors: Patton MacKenzie F. , Hansen Allison K. , Casteel Clare L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractViruses in theLuteoviridaefamily, such asPotato leafroll virus(PLRV), are transmitted by aphids in a circulative and nonpropagative mode. This means the virions enter the aphid body through the gut when they feed from infected plants and then the virions circulate through the hemolymph to enter the salivary glands before being released into the saliva. Although these viruses do not replicate in their insect vectors, previous studies have demonstrated viruliferous aphid behavior is altered and the obligate symbiont of aphids,Buchnera aphidocola,may be involved in transmission. Here we provide the transcriptome of green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) carryingPLRVand virus-free control aphids using Illumina sequencing. Over 150 million paired-end reads were obtained through Illumina sequencing, with an average of 19 million reads per library. The comparative analysis identified 134 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between theM. persicaetranscriptomes, including 64 and 70 genes that were down- and up-regulated in aphids carrying PLRV, respectively. Using functional classification in the GO databases, 80 of the DEGs were assigned to 391 functional subcategories at category level 2. The most highly up-regulated genes in aphids carrying PLRV were cytochrome p450s, genes related to cuticle production, and genes related to development, while genes related to histone and histone modification were the most down-regulated. PLRV aphids had reducedBuchneratiter and lower abundance of severalBuchneratranscripts related to stress responses and metabolism. These results suggest carrying PLRV may reduce both aphid andBuchneragenes in response to stress. This work provides valuable basis for further investigation into the complicated mechanisms of circulative and nonpropogative transmission.
Intranasal oxytocin modulates very early visual processing of emotional faces
Authors: Hugrass Laila , Labuschagne Izelle , Mu Eveline , Price Ariane , Crewther David P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFunctional imaging and behavioural studies have shown that the neuropeptide oxytocin influences processing of emotional faces. However, it is not clear whether these effects reflect modulation at an early or late stage of affective processing. We investigated the effects of oxytocin administration on early and late visual evoked potentials (VEP) in response to faces with neutral, fearful and happy expressions. In addition, we measured multifocal VEP and its associated nonlinearities to ascertain whether any changes observed in electrophysiology were indicative of a generalised effect or of one tied strictly to emotional processing. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, 27 healthy male participants self-administered a nasal spray of either oxytocin (24 IU) or placebo. At very early latencies (40-60ms), oxytocin reduced right-temporal responses to fearful faces (d= .51), and central responses to both fearful (d= .48) and neutral faces (d= .54). For left occipito-temporal electrode sites, oxytocin decreased P100 reactivity to fearful expressions (d= 0.72). Oxytocin also decreased the amplitudes of the vertex positive potential (140-180ms) and late positive potential (400-600ms), regardless of whether the faces had fearful, happy or neutral expressions. The mfVEP showed no signs of selective magno-or parvo-cellular peak modulation comparing OXT with placebo with either low or high contrast stimulation. These results suggest that at early stages of visual processing, nasal oxytocin modulates responses to facial emotions, whereas at later stages of visual processing, it appears to influence more general face processing mechanisms. In addition, the measurable effects of OXT appear to be not a result of generalized brain change, but systematically related to emotional processing.
Humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants and human coronaviruses after single BNT162b2 vaccination
Authors: Stankov Metodi V. , Cossmann Anne , Bonifacius Agnes , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra , Ramos Gema Morillas , Gödecke Nina , Scharff Anna Zychlinsky , Happle Christine , Boeck Anna-Lena , Tran Anh Thu , Pink Isabell , Hoeper Marius M. , Blasczyk Rainer , Winkler Martin S. , Nehlmeier Inga , Kempf Amy , Hofmann-Winkler Heike , Hoffmann Markus , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Pöhlmann Stefan , Behrens Georg M.N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies are key in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. However, delays of boost immunization due to limited availability of vaccines may leave individuals vulnerable to infection and disease for prolonged periods. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC), B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom), B.1.351 (South Africa) and P.1 (Brazil), may reinforce this issue with the latter two being able to evade control by antibodies. We assessed humoral and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOC and endemic human coronaviruses (hCoV) that were induced after single and double vaccination with BNT162b2. Despite readily detectable IgG against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein at day 14 after a single vaccination, inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 S-driven host cell entry was weak and particularly low for the B.1.351 variant. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells were low in many vaccinees after application of a single dose and influenced by immunity against endemic hCoV. The second vaccination significantly boosted T cell frequencies reactive for WT, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. These results call into question whether neutralizing antibodies significantly contribute to protection against COVID-19 upon single vaccination and suggest that cellular immunity is central for the early defenses against COVID-19.
Increased neurotoxicity due to activated immune-inflammatory and nitro-oxidative stress pathways in patients with suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vasupanrajit Asara , Jirakarn Ketsupa , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Maes Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide attempts (SA) frequently occur in patients with mood disorders and schizophrenia, which are both accompanied by activated immune-inflammatory and nitro-oxidative (IO&NS) pathways.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, for articles published from inception until February 1, 2021. We included studies that compared blood biomarkers in psychiatric patients with (SA+) and without SA (SA-) and heathy controls and we combined different IO&NS biomarkers into immune, inflammatory, and neurotoxic profiles and used meta-analysis (random-effect model with restricted maximum-likelihood) to delineate effect sizes with 95% confidence interval (CI).FindingsOur search included 51 studies comprising 4.945 SA+ patients and 24.148 controls. We stratified the control group into healthy controls and SA-patients. SA+ patients showed significantly (p<0.001) increased immune activation (SMD: 1.044; CI: 0.599-1.489), inflammation (SMD: 1.109; CI: 0.505, 1.714), neurotoxicity (SMD: 0.879; CI: 0.465, 1.293), and lowered neuroprotection (SMD: 0.648; CI: 0.354, 0.941) as compared with healthy controls. When compared with SA-patients, those with SA+ showed significant (p<0.001) immune activation (SMD: 0.290; CI: 0.183, 0.397), inflammation (SMD: 0.311; CI: 0.191, 0.432), and neurotoxicity (SMD: 0.315; CI: 0.198, 0.432), and lowered neuroprotection (SMD: 0.341; CI: 0.167, 0.515). Patients with current, but not lifetime, SA showed significant (p<0.001) levels of inflammation and neurotoxicity as compared with controls.ConclusionsPatients with immune activation are at a higher risk of SA which may be explained by increased neurotoxicity due to inflammation and nitro-oxidative stress. This meta-analysis discovered new biomarkers of SA and therapeutic targets to treat individuals with SA.
Identification of climate policy knowledge needs: a stakeholders consultation approach
Authors: Karakosta Charikleia , Flamos Alexandros , Forouli Aikaterini 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify knowledge gaps on insinuations of possible directions of European Union (EU) and international climate policies.Design/methodology/approachThis study has used participatory approach of highly experienced stakeholders’ engagement, involved directly or indirectly in the process of policymaking. A range of priority issues has been initially identified through desk analysis and key stakeholders have been selected and invited to partake in the process. Preliminary results have been validated through interaction with stakeholders during a series of workshops.FindingsThe results show the identification of a series of sectors, where climate policy is expected to focus in the future and the definition of 11 specific topics upon which knowledge gaps are expected to appear. Results on the identified knowledge needs are analysed and categorized by each prioritized main topic and compared with literature findings. Emphasis is identified to be placed on the topics of renewable energy, EU climate policy and international climate negotiations, which are the most popular ones, followed by energy policy and energy efficiency.Originality/valueA key element of the approach is the consideration of key experts’ feedback on their specific area of expertise, instead of general public engagement, therefore leading to accurate results. Despite the fact that our approach was applied to a specific problem, the overall analysis could provide a framework for supporting applications in various problems in the field of priorities’ identification and even expanding to decision-making problems.
Farmers’ perspectives
Authors: Chepkoech Winifred , Mungai Nancy W. , Stöber Silke , Bett Hillary K. , Lotze-Campen Hermann 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Understanding farmers’ perceptions of how the climate is changing is vital to anticipating its impacts. Farmers are known to take appropriate steps to adapt only when they perceive change to be taking place. This study aims to analyse how African indigenous vegetable (AIV) farmers perceive climate change in three different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) in Kenya, identify the main differences in historical seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature trends between the zones, discuss differences in farmers’ perceptions and historical trends and analyse the impact of these perceived changes and trends on yields, weeds, pests and disease infestation of AIVs.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was undertaken in focus group discussions (FGD) (N = 211) and during interviews with individual farmers (N = 269). The Mann–Kendall test and regression were applied for trend analysis of time series data (1980-2014). Analysis of variance and least significant difference were used to test for differences in mean rainfall data, while a chi-square test examined the association between farmer perceptions and ACZs. Coefficient of variation expressed as a percentage was used to show variability in mean annual and seasonal rainfall between the zones.

Findings
Farmers perceived that higher temperatures, decreased rainfall, late onset and early retreat of rain, erratic rainfall patterns and frequent dry spells were increasing the incidences of droughts and floods. The chi-square results showed a significant relationship between some of these perceptions and ACZs. Meteorological data provided some evidence to support farmers’ perceptions of changing rainfall. No trend was detected in mean annual rainfall, but a significant increase was recorded in the semi-humid zone. A decreasing maximum temperature was noted in the semi-humid zone, but otherwise, an overall increase was detected. There were highly significant differences in mean annual rainfall between the zones. Farmers perceived reduced yields and changes in pest infestation and diseases in some AIVs to be prevalent in the dry season. This study’s findings provide a basis for local and timely institutional changes, which could certainly help in reducing the adverse effects of climate change.

Originality/value
This is an original research paper and the historical trends, farmers’ perceptions and effects of climate change on AIV production documented in this paper may also be representative of other ACZs in Kenya.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Strategic and Systemic Therapy in Naturalistic Settings: Preliminary Results from a Systemic Practice Research Network (SYPRENE)
Authors: Vitry Grégoire , Pakrosnis Rytis , Brosseau Olivier Gabriel , Duriez Nathalie 
Published: April 2021

SYPRENE, an international digital systemic practice research network (PRN), was established in 2014 to fill the gap in practice‐based research on the effectiveness and efficiency of systemic therapies, starting with strategic therapies. This article reports initial outcome results. So far, twenty‐seven therapists from several countries using the MRI brief therapy strategic approach have collected data for a wide range of problem diagnoses. Data are reported here for 1,150 completed cases. The drop‐out rate was 19%. Significant improvement or complete problem resolution was reported by therapists in 80% and by patients in 90% of cases, with an average of 5.4 sessions and 5.3 months of treatment. Patients reported significant improvement on the GHQ‐12 with a large effect size, and 76% of cases were evaluated as reaching reliable and clinically significant change.Practitioner points

SYPRENE is a digital practice research network

Outcome data have been collected on 1,079 cases.

Evidence supports the effectiveness of strategic therapy.
Resistance and fitness costs in diamondback moths after selection using broflanilide, a novel meta‐diamide insecticide
Authors: Sun Xi , Wei Rui , Li Linhong , Zhu Bin , Liang Pei , Gao Xiwu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an insect pest found around the world that feeds on cruciferous crops. The DBM has become resistant to most insecticides in current use in the field. Broflanilide is a novel meta‐diamide insecticide that binds to a new site on the γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor and very efficiently protects against most pests in the order Lepidoptera, including DBM. In this study, the resistance of a laboratory‐bred susceptible strain of DBM to broflanilide and the fitness costs posed by broflanilide to the DBM were evaluated. The DBM had no obvious resistance to broflanilide after 10 generations of selection. The realized heritability h2 was 0.033, suggesting a low risk of resistance developing in this strain. The F10 generation had no cross‐resistance to the insecticides abamectin and endosulfan (which target the γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor) and chlorantraniliprole (which targets a non‐γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor). The specific activities of important detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, esterase, and glutathione S‐transferase) were not obviously altered. However, the larval stage was prolonged and the adult stage was shortened significantly in F11 generation than the F0 generation. The total preoviposition period TPOP significantly prolonged 1.90 d in F11 generation. The fitness value Rf (0.93) was lower for the F11 generation than the F0 generation. The results indicated that long‐term exposure to broflanilide exerts clear fitness costs in the DBM. This information will be useful in identifying reasonable broflanilide application guidelines for managing broflanilide resistance in the DBM.
The development of leaving care law, policy, and practice in India
Authors: Modi Kiran , Wadhwa Aneesha , Prasad Leena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdoption, kinship care, and foster care are the oldest known forms of alternative care in India. Whilst these are recognized as the most appropriate forms of care today, institutional care has become the most dominant form of care in India in the last 100 years, although it is meant to be ‘a measure of last resort’. As in most countries, childcare institutions in India cater for children up to 18 years old. The sudden withdrawal of support at 18 leaves these young people facing heightened challenges and poorer outcomes on the journey to independence, not only because of their fractured pasts but also due to a lack of planned interventions towards preparing them for life. This paper, based on an extensive desk review, chronologically examines the evolution of aftercare laws and practices in India along with the factors that contributed to the rise of institutional care. Reference is made to the influence of the criminal justice system on aftercare and the impact of India's ratification of United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child, the movement from a welfare to rights‐based approach. The paper concludes by discussing the current challenges and the possible way forward for care leavers in India.
Immunophenotypic switch in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: A series of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Bitar Carole , Hile Grace , Brown Noah A. , Fullen Douglas R. , Lowe Lori , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Wilcox Ryan A. , Harms Paul W. , Chan May P. , Bresler Scott C. , Hristov Alexandra C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrimary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with variable clinical behavior. Immunophenotypic switch (IS) is a phenomenon that occurs during lymphoma progression and is defined by an alteration in the immunophenotypic expression of a tumor with retention of its genotypic signature. This has been well‐recognized in hematopoietic neoplasms; however, it has been rarely reported in CTCL and its clinical implications are not well understood. We present the clinical, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic findings of three cases of CTCL that demonstrated IS post treatment with variable outcomes. We add our cases to the small number previously reported to increase awareness of this phenomenon and its diagnostic challenge.
Plant‐caterpillar food web: Integrating leaf stoichiometry and phylogeny
Authors: Zhu Chunchao , Zhang Minhua , Chen Yongfa , Yin Deyi , He Dong , Fang Suqin , Ellwood M. D. Farnon , Chu Chengjin 
Published: April 2021

1. Trophic interactions and plant‐herbivore network structure may be regulated by ecological and evolutionary factors. The allocation of resources to physical and chemical traits may influence plant nutritional values and defence against insect herbivores. However, the elemental consistency of plant leaves is rarely considered a functional trait, despite leaf chemical traits being critical for understanding trophic interactions and network modularity.2. We constructed a high‐resolution network of a plant‐caterpillar food web in a subtropical forest in southern China using DNA barcoding. We analysed whether abundance, phylogeny, and functional traits (including leaf chemical elements) significantly differed among modules and conducted linear regressions to explore how these traits could explain the intensity and likelihood of trophic interactions between plants and caterpillars.3. Caterpillar feeding intensity increased with increasing specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio. The intensity and likelihood of feeding decreased with increasing calcium and magnesium levels. Leaf dry matter content and leaf concentrations of potassium, magnesium, copper, and manganese varied among modules. Caterpillar feeding likelihood and intensity were constrained by plant and caterpillar phylogenies, and module phylogenetic clustering was apparent. Species abundance of plants and caterpillars constrained the feeding intensity but not the likelihood of feeding and network module composition.4. We highlighted the combined roles of functional traits and phylogeny in shaping trophic interactions and modularity in plant‐insect herbivore networks and illustrated the importance of leaf stoichiometry in establishing dietary associations.
Interictal dysphoric disorder in people with and without epilepsy
Authors: Zinchuk Mikhail , Kustov Georgii , Pashnin Evgenii , Pochigaeva Ksenia , Rider Flora , Yakovlev Alexander , Hesdorffer Dale , Hauser W. Allen , Guekht Alla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveInterictal dysphoric disorder (IDD) has been regarded as an affective disorder occurring only in people with epilepsy (PWE). Data showing similar characteristics and similar prevalence of IDD in patients with migraine and with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures question the epilepsy‐specific nature of IDD. The aim of the study was to investigate the nature of IDD in people with prevalent epilepsy with mood disorders and people with mood disorders who are free of neurological disease.MethodsThis is a case–control study, with 142 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy and major depressive disorder (MDD; cases) and 222 patients with MDD only (controls). MDD diagnosis was confirmed by a structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (SCID‐I‐RV). We used the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory to estimate anxiety and depression levels and the Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory (IDDI) to confirm the presence of IDD. Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson chi‐squared, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression were used.ResultsNo differences were found in the prevalence of IDD between PWE with MDD and people with MDD alone (88.73% vs. 85.13%, χ2 = .96, p = .32). There were no differences between the groups overall or for any IDDI subscales (all p > .05). In both groups, IDD symptoms were grouped with the same incidence and had the same duration and periodicity. IDD was not associated with epilepsy (odds ratio = .84, 95% confidence interval = .40–1.98, p = .72). No significant correlation was found between epilepsy, demographic characteristics, and all IDDI subscales (all p > .05). Notably, patients with IDD suffered from affective disorders longer (6.68 ± 6.82 years vs. 3.7 ± 3.97 years, p = .001) and also received higher scores on all psychometric scales (all p < .05).SignificanceThis study does not confirm the specificity of IDD for epilepsy. The presence of IDD symptoms may be associated with a more severe course of MDD and significant anxiety distress.
5‐Aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy amplifies intense inflammatory response in the treatment of acne vulgaris via CXCL8
Authors: Zhang Linglin , Yang Jiayi , Liu Xiaojing , Xu Detian , Shi Lei , Liu Jia , Zeng Qingyu , Wang Xiuli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease. 5‐Aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) is a novel and effective approach for severe acne vulgaris treatment. However, its specific treatment mechanism still remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential mechanism of how ALA‐PDT regulated intense inflammatory response in acne vulgaris. It appeared that ALA‐PDT suppresses proliferation and lipid secretion of primary human sebocytes. Besides, ALA‐PDT could up‐regulate the expression of CXCL8 in vivo and in vitro, amplifying the inflammatory response by recruiting T cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages. We also found that ALA‐PDT elevated the expression of CXCL8 via p38 pathway. SB203580, a p38 pathway inhibitor, decreased the expression of CXCL8 in sebocytes after ALA‐PDT. These findings indicate that ALA‐PDT amplifies the intense inflammatory response in the treatment of acne vulgaris via CXCL8. Our data decipher the mechanism of intense inflammatory response after ALA‐PDT for acne vulgaris.