bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of neural stem cells in regulating glial scar formation and repair
Authors: Nicaise Alexandra M. , D’Angelo Andrea , Ionescu Rosana-Bristena , Krzak Grzegorz , Willis Cory M. , Pluchino Stefano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe damage and consist of reactive glia that form a barrier around the damaged tissue that leads to a non-permissive microenvironment which prevents proper endogenous regeneration. While there are a number of therapies that are able to address some components of disease, there are none that provide regenerative properties. Within the past decade, neural stem cells (NSCs) have been heavily studied due to their potent anti-inflammatory and reparative capabilities in disease and injury. Exogenously applied NSCs have been found to aid in glial scar healing by reducing inflammation and providing cell replacement. However, endogenous NSCs have also been found to contribute to the reactive environment by different means. Further understanding how NSCs can be leveraged to aid in the resolution of the glial scar is imperative in the use of these cells as regenerative therapies. To do so, humanised 3D model systems have been developed to study the development and maintenance of the glial scar. Herein, we explore the current work on endogenous and exogenous NSCs in the glial scar as well as the novel 3D stem cell–based technologies being used to model this pathology in a dish.
Potenzialabschätzung von Synergieeffekten zur simultanen Rückgewinnung von Wertmetallen aus komplexen, metallhaltigen Reststoffen
Authors: Gerold Eva , Antrekowitsch Helmut 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Abschätzung der Möglichkeiten einer simultanen Aufarbeitung von verschiedenen, metallhaltigen Reststoffströmen aus der Industrie, wobei Synergieeffekte zwischen den herangezogenen Abfällen genutzt werden sollen. Im Gegensatz zur separaten Aufarbeitung dieser Reststoffströme, ermöglicht die Kombination ein erhöhtes Ausbringen an Wertstoffen und die Etablierung von Verfahren in Regionen, in welchen bei ausschließlicher Verwendung eines Abfallstroms keine wirtschaftliche Aufarbeitung aufgrund der anfallenden Mengen möglich wäre. Durch die gezielte und sinnvolle Zusammenführung und Aufarbeitung von komplexen, metallhaltigen Reststoffen wie z. B. Aktivmaterial aus Lithium-Ionen-Batterien und Müllverbrennungsaschen lassen sich flexible, aber dennoch selektive Prozesse zur Wertmetallrückgewinnung realisieren. Durch die Einsparung von langen Transportwegen und der Reduzierung des Energiebedarfs im Bereich der Erzaufbereitung und -verarbeitung können nachhaltige Methoden abgebildet und die Rohstoffverfügbarkeit durch die Erhöhung der Recyclingquote verbessert werden.
First neurological symptoms in degenerative cervical myelopathy: does it predict the outcome?
Authors: Özkan Neriman , Chihi Mehdi , Schoemberg Tobias , Dinger Thiemo Florin , Helsper Moritz , Parlak Ahmet , Jabbarli Ramazan , Ahmadipour Yahya , Sure Ulrich , El Hindy Nicolai , Gembruch Oliver 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common non-traumatic cause of spinal cord dysfunction. Prediction of the neurological outcome after surgery is important. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between first symptoms of DCM and the neurological outcome after surgery.

Methods
A retrospective analysis over a period of 10 years was performed. First symptoms such as cervicobrachial neuralgia, sensory and motor deficits and gait disturbances were evaluated regarding the postoperative neurological outcome. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (mJOA Score) was used to evaluate neurological outcome.

Results
In total, 411 patients (263 males, 64%) with a median age of 62.6 ± 12.1 years were included. Cervicobrachial neuralgia was described in 40.2%, gait disturbance in 31.6%, sensory deficits in 19% and motor deficits in 9.2% as first symptom. Patients with cervicobrachial neuralgia were significantly younger (median age of 58 years, p = 0.0005) than patients with gait disturbances (median age of 68 years, p = 0.0005). Patients with gait disturbances and motor deficits as first symptom showed significantly lower mJOA Scores than other patients (p = 0.0005). Additionally, motor deficits and gait disturbance were negative predictors for postoperative outcome according to the mJOA Score.

Conclusion
Motor deficits and gait disturbances as the first symptom of DCM are negative predictors for postoperative neurological outcome. Nevertheless, patients with motor deficits and gait disturbance significantly profit from the surgical treatment despite poor preoperative mJOA Score.
Carbon dots for virus detection and therapy
Authors: Belza Jan , Opletalová Ariana , Poláková Kateřina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent experience with the COVID-19 pandemic should be a lesson learnt with respect to the effort we have to invest in the development of new strategies for the treatment of viral diseases, along with their cheap, easy, sensitive, and selective detection. Since we live in a globalized world where just hours can play a crucial role in the spread of a virus, its detection must be as quick as possible. Thanks to their chemical stability, photostability, and superior biocompatibility, carbon dots are a kind of nanomaterial showing great potential in both the detection of various virus strains and a broad-spectrum antiviral therapy. The biosensing and antiviral properties of carbon dots can be tuned by the selection of synthesis precursors as well as by easy post-synthetic functionalization. In this review, we will first summarize current options of virus detection utilizing carbon dots by either electrochemical or optical biosensing approaches. Secondly, we will cover and share the up-to-date knowledge of carbon dots’ antiviral properties, which showed promising activity against various types of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms of their antiviral actions will be further adressed as well. Finally, we will discuss the advantages and distadvantages of the use of carbon dots in the tangled battle against viral infections in order to provide valuable informations for further research and development of new virus biosensors and antiviral therapeutics.
Graphical abstract
Real-time temperature calculation and temperature prediction of wet multi-plate clutches
Authors: Groetsch D. , Voelkel K. , Pflaum H. , Stahl K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany applications of wet multi-plate clutches are within safety-critical areas since malfunction or failure of the clutch is often equivalent to “loss of drive”.The main criterion for the estimation of damage and endurance of wet multi-plate clutches is the temperature on the friction interface. Owing to the thin, rotating geometry of the plates, determination of relevant temperatures in operation mode is almost impossible. State of the art is that there is no general applicable model for real-time estimation of clutch temperatures during operation.This contribution presents a validated parametric real-time temperature model that is applicable to various use cases and operating conditions. The model enables the calculation of the actual clutch temperature during operation and the prediction of temperature for future shifting operations.The model is validated by comparing temperature measurements from a component test rig and from the KUPSIM thermal clutch design tool with the developed real-time temperature calculation. The validity of the model for serial parts from industry and automotive applications under various load cases (clutch mode, continuous slip, non-steady slip) is demonstrated. The deviation between measurement and calculation are typically very small (< 5 K). The temperature prediction allows a highly accurate (deviations typically < 5 K) conservative prediction of the thermal load for future shifting operations.The model can thus contribute to the increase of operational safety of wet multi-plate clutches while at the same time facilitating optimal component design by reducing thermal over-dimensioning of clutches.
Einlaufverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen im Schlupfbetrieb
Authors: Völkel Katharina , Pflaum Hermann , Stahl Karsten 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNasslaufende Lamellenkupplungen weisen zu Betriebsbeginn eine Phase des Einlaufens auf, in der sich das Reibungsverhalten durch Anpassung der Reibflächen signifikant ändern kann. Dieses Einlaufverhalten ist in Anhängigkeit der Charakteristika des Reibsystems bestehend aus Reibbelag, Stahllamelle und Schmierstoff stark unterschiedlich ausgeprägt. Mit dem Ziel einer guten Regelbarkeit und damit hohen Zuverlässigkeit der Kupplung ab der ersten Schaltung sollen Einlaufvorgänge wenig ausgeprägt und schnell abgeschlossen sein.Die Charakterisierung des Einlaufverhaltens im Schlupfbetrieb erfolgt experimentell an Kupplungen mit Carbonreibbelag aus den Anwendungen Verteilergetriebe und Sperrdifferential im Instationärschlupf. Eine neu entwickelte Versuchsmethode erlaubt es, das Einlaufverhalten für mehrere anwendungstypische Lastniveaus zu untersuchen. Relevante Lastniveaus werden aus Fahrzeugmessungen abgeleitet. Des Weiteren wird eine Auswertemethode vorgestellt, die über die Definition spezifischer Kennwerte für Schlupfbetrieb eine quantitative Beurteilung von Ausprägung und Dauer der Einlaufvorgänge realisiert. Das Einlaufverhalten von Kupplungen mit unterschiedlichen Reibsystemen wird im Zuge einer Systembewertung gegenübergestellt, Einflüsse von Schmierstoff, Stahllamelle und Reibbelag sowie Wechselwirkungen werden systematisch charakterisiert.
Modellierung einer Einscheibentrockenkupplung mithilfe des C&C2-Ansatzes zur Identifikation von kritischen Gestalt-Funktion-Zusammenhängen bezüglich des Schwingungsphänomens zwangserregtes Kupplungsrupfen
Authors: Tröster Peter M. , Klotz Thomas , Rapp Simon , Wessels Holger , Ott Sascha , Albers Albert 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird ein systematisches Vorgehen zur Identifikation von kritischen Gestalt-Funktion-Zusammenhängen mit Einfluss auf zwangserregtes Kupplungsrupfen entwickelt. Dazu wird am Beispiel einer Einscheibentrockenkupplung ein Modell mit dem C&C2-Ansatz erstellt und analysiert. Dadurch werden Entwickler bei der Auswahl kritischer Einflussfaktoren für das zwangserregte Kupplungsrupfen unterstützt. Zudem werden bisher vorhandene Lücken bei der Erklärung der Wirkzusammenhänge zwischen den Einflussfaktoren und zwangserregtem Kupplungsrupfen geschlossen. Hierzu werden C&C2-Modelle zur Erklärung dieser Wirkzusammenhänge über verschiedene Systemebenen hinweg gebildet und die Kritikalität von Modellelementen bezüglich Kupplungsrupfen eingeschätzt. Einflussfaktoren aus der Systemumgebung werden konsistent in die erstellten Modelle integriert, um die Wirkzusammenhänge systemebenenübergreifend darzustellen. Auf Basis der Modelle werden Hypothesen zu den Wirkzusammenhängen der Einflussfaktoren gebildet. Die Hypothesen legen die Grundlage für die Konzipierung eines Prüfaufbaus, mit dessen Hilfe die qualitativen Modelle validiert und im weiteren Verlauf des Forschungsvorhabens quantifiziert werden. Auf Basis der Modelle werden zukünftig systematisch Ideen zur Reduzierung von Kupplungsrupfen mit Elementen aus dem Modell der PGE abgeleitet und bezüglich ihres Potenzials bewertet.
Neural correlates and predictors of subjective cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ophey Anja , Krohm Fabian , Kalbe Elke , Greuel Andrea , Drzezga Alexander , Tittgemeyer Marc , Timmermann Lars , Jessen Frank , Eggers Carsten , Maier Franziska 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may occur very early in the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD) before the onset of objective cognitive decline. Data on neural correlates and determinants of SCD in PD are rare.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to identify neural correlates as well as sociodemographic, clinical, and neuropsychological predictors of SCD in patients with PD.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 30 patients with PD without cognitive impairment (23% female, 66.90 ± 7.20 years, UPDRS-III: 19.83 ± 9.29), of which n = 12 patients were classified as having no SCD (control group, PD-CG) and n = 18 as having SCD (PD-SCD). Neuropsychological testing and 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) were conducted. SCD was assessed using a questionnaire covering multiple cognitive domains.

Results
SCD subscores differed significantly between PD-CG and PD-SCD and correlated significantly with other scales measuring related concepts. FDG-PET whole-brain voxel-wise regression analysis revealed hypometabolism in middle frontal, middle temporal, and occipital areas, and the angular gyrus as neural correlates of SCD in PD. Next to this hypometabolism, depressive symptoms were an independent significant determinant of SCD in a stepwise regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 50.3%).

Conclusion
This study strengthens the hypothesis of SCD being an early manifestation of future cognitive decline in PD and, more generally, early pathological changes in PD. The early identification of the vulnerability for future cognitive decline constitutes the basis for successful prevention and delay of this non-motor symptom.
A pluralist approach to epistemic dilemmas in event attribution science
Authors: Thorén Henrik , Persson Johannes , Olsson Lennart 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, a dispute has arisen within detection and attribution science concerning the appropriate methodology for associating individual weather events with anthropogenic climate change. In recent contributions, it has been highlighted that this conflict is seemingly misconstrued even by those participating in it and actually concerns a mixture of first and second order so-called inductive risk considerations—in short, it is about values and the role values should have in science. In this paper, we analyze this methodological conflict and examine the inductive risk considerations and argue that there is also another dimension to consider with respect to values that have to do with what detection and attribution science is for. We suggest a framework for understanding this as a kind of problem-feeding situation and thus an issue of problem–solution coordination between different contexts, where the problem is solved versus where the solution is put to use. This has important implications, not least for whether we should understand this conflict as a genuine methodological one or not.
Detection of Ramularia collo-cygni DMI- and SDHI-resistant field populations in Austria and the effect of fungicides on the population and genetic diversity
Authors: Assinger Thomas , Fountaine James , Torriani Stefano , Accardo Salvatore , Bernhard-Frey Regula , Gottula John , Steinkellner Siegrid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWinter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the third most cultivated crop after corn and wheat in Austria but one of the most challenging for disease control. The foliar pathogen Ramularia collo-cygni B. Sutton and J.M. Waller, causing Ramularia leaf spots (RLS), is one of the most important diseases in barley. In the recent years, control has only been achieved using fungicide mixtures including the multi-site inhibitor chlorothalonil, however this compound is totally banned in the EU. The objective of this study was to assess fungicide dose-rates and spray mixtures for RLS control. Furthermore, a field monitoring within the main barley growing areas of Austria was carried out, to analyse the current resistance situation to DMI and SDHI fungicides, which are still the backbone in RLS control. The results indicate that only the mixture with chlorothalonil achieved a good RLS control. Prothioconazole or benzovindiflupyr (alone or additively) decrease the severity of RLS but increase the local frequency of Cyp51 and sdhC mutations, especially the high dose rates. Based on a low Cyp51 mutation frequency of 16% in untreated control this frequency increased over 3.8 times following an application with 300 g ha−1 prothioconazole. The cumulative-sdhC mutations were even more increased after an application with benzovindiflupyr. This study showed that Ramularia collo-cygni is present in 91% of barley fields presented in this field survey. Widespread use of chlorothalonil fungicide maintained a low to moderate mutation frequency (Cyp51-I325T, Cyp51-I328L, sdhC-H146R and sdhC-H153R) in Austrian barley regions with no increase between 2017 and 2019.
Which Methods Are Useful to Justify Public Policies? An Analysis of Cost–Benefit Analysis, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, and Non-Aggregate Indicator Systems
Authors: Hirsch Hadorn Gertrude 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScience-based methods for assessing the practical rationality of a proposed public policy typically represent assumed future outcomes of policies and values attributed to these outcomes in an idealized, that is, intentionally distorted way and abstracted from aspects that are deemed irrelevant. Different types of methods do so in different ways. As a consequence, they instantiate the properties that result from abstraction and idealization such as conceptual simplicity versus complexity, or comprehensiveness versus selectivity of the values under consideration to different degrees. I hold that none of these methods is best in general. Instead, I opt for the valuation method that is useful for the policy issue in question both in terms of its relevance and in terms of its practicability. Relevance requires that the method can represent and account for what is at stake in the policy issue. Practicability refers to aspects such as easy versus difficult handling of the method. To argue for the claim, I evaluate three types of valuation methods: (1) cost–benefit analysis that rests on unidimensional measurement and ranking, (2) multi-criteria decision analysis that applies multi-dimensional measurement but unidimensional ranking, and (3) non-aggregate indicator systems that operate with multi-dimensional measurement and sometimes also multi-dimensional ranking. Second-order justification indicating whether and how the valuation method chosen is capable of accounting for the substantive value considerations that constitute the real-world policy issue in question renders the conditions on which the results of a proposed policy evaluation rest transparent.
Origin of the Solar Rotation Harmonics Seen in the EUV and UV Irradiance
Authors: Giono G. , Zender J. J. , Kariyappa R. , Damé L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong-term periodicities in the solar irradiance are often observed with periods proportional to the solar rotational period of 27 days. These periods are linked either to some internal mechanism in the Sun or said to be higher harmonics of the rotation without further discussion of their origin. In this article, the origin of the peaks in periodicities seen in the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiance around the 7, 9, and 14 days periods is discussed. Maps of the active regions and coronal holes are produced from six images per day using the Spatial Possibilistic Clustering Algorithm (SPoCA), a segmentation algorithm. Spectral irradiance at coronal, transition-region/chromospheric, and photospheric levels are extracted for each feature as well as for the full disk by applying the maps to full-disk images (at 19.3, 30.4, and 170 nm sampling in the corona/hot flare plasma, the chromosphere/transition region, and the photosphere, respectively) from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) from January 2011 to December 2018. The peaks in periodicities at 7, 9, and 14 days as well as the solar rotation around 27 days can be seen in almost all of the solar irradiance time series. The segmentation also provided time series of the active regions and coronal holes visible area (i.e. in the area observed in the AIA images, not corrected for the line-of-sight effect with respect to the solar surface), which also show similar peaks in periodicities, indicating that the periodicities are due to the change in area of the features on the solar disk rather than to their absolute irradiance. A simple model was created to reproduce the power spectral density of the area covered by active regions also showing the same peaks in periodicities. Segmentation of solar images allows us to determine that the peaks in periodicities seen in solar EUV/UV irradiance from a few days to a month are due to the change in area of the solar features, in particular, active regions, as they are the main contributors to the total full-disk irradiance variability. The higher harmonics of the solar rotation are caused by the clipping of the area signal as the regions rotate behind the solar limb.
Allicin protects against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Li Maolin , Ning Jinzhuo , Huang Houbao , Jiang Shuchuan , Zhuo Dong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies have demonstrated that allicin may play critical roles in the procession of ischemia–reperfusion(I/R) injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of allicin on renal I/R injury by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Methods
To establish a model of renal I/R, the right kidney underwent 12 h reperfusion after 45 min ischemia, allicin was administered intraperitoneally at concentrations of 40, 50 or 60 mg/kg. NRK-52E cells were treated with allicin at concentrations of 1, 3 or 5 μM in 24 h hypoxia/ 6 h reoxygenation(H/R) treatments. Indicators of HE, oxidative stress, apoptosis were measured to evaluate the effect of aliicin on renal I/R injury.

Results
Allicin protected renal I/R injury by ameliorating histological injury and decreasing the oxidative stress in renal tissues. Meanwhile, allicin significantly downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 in I/R renal tissues and H/R treated NRK-52E cells.

Conclusions
Allicin may exert anti-apoptotic and antioxidative effects to promote renal function recovery in I/R renal tissues and H/R treated NRK-52E cells. Taken together, allicin may be a potential novel therapy option for future renal injury protection.