bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Dynamics of Large‐Scale Cognitive Networks in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Aracil‐Bolaños Ignacio , Martínez‐Horta Saül , González‐de‐Echávarri Jose M. , Sampedro Frederic , Pérez‐Pérez Jesús , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Campolongo Antonia , Izquierdo Cristina , Gómez‐Ansón Beatriz , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by clinical alterations in the motor, behavioral, and cognitive domains. However, the structure and disruptions to large‐scale brain cognitive networks have not yet been established.ObjectiveWe aimed to profile changes in large‐scale cognitive networks in premanifest and symptomatic patients with Huntington's disease.MethodsWe prospectively recruited premanifest and symptomatic Huntington's disease mutation carriers as well as healthy controls. Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained from all participants, and resting‐state functional connectivity data, using both time‐averaged and dynamic functional connectivity, was acquired from whole‐brain and cognitively oriented brain parcellations.ResultsA total of 64 gene mutation carriers and 23 healthy controls were included; 21 patients with Huntington's disease were classified as premanifest and 43 as symptomatic Huntington's disease. Compared with healthy controls, patients with Huntington's disease showed decreased network connectivity within the posterior hubs of the default‐mode network and the medial prefrontal cortex, changes that correlated with cognitive (t = 2.25, P = 0.01) and disease burden scores (t = −2.42, P = 0.009). The salience network showed decreased functional connectivity between insular and supramarginal cortices and also correlated with cognitive (t = 2.11, P = 0.02) and disease burden scores (t = −2.35, P = 0.01). Dynamic analyses showed that network variability was decreased for default‐central executive networks, a feature already present in premanifest mutation carriers (dynamic factor 8, P = 0.02).ConclusionsHuntington's disease shows an early and widespread disruption of large‐scale cognitive networks. Importantly, these changes are related to cognitive and disease burden scores, and novel dynamic functional analyses uncovered subtler network changes even in the premanifest stages.
Sensate superior gluteal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of sacrococcygeal large wound dehiscence: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tsukuura Reiko , Yamamoto Takumi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap is an option for the reconstruction of deep sacral defects. Since a conventional SGAP flap is not neurotized, covered ulcers have a risk of recurrence, especially when patients cannot ambulate by themselves. In ambulatory patients, the sensory presentation of reconstructed tissue assures its protection. Purpose of this report is to present a case of the use of a sensate SGAP flap for reconstruction of a sacrococcygeal large wound dehiscence in a patient and review of literature for sensate reconstruction of sacral defects. A 72‐year old woman with a sacrococcygeal large wound dehiscence measuring 12 cm in length, 9.5 cm in width and 5 cm in depth was treated. The defect was caused by a wound dehiscence after abdomino‐perineal resection for rectal cancer. A unilateral SGAP flap measuring 16 × 7 cm length and 5 cm width was designed in the right buttock and the cranial border of the flap was lined near the iliac crest. An SGAP flap was elevated including the superior cluneal nerve (SCN), turned clockwise 70°, and inset to the defect. The defect remained in the deep caudal part a parasacral adiposal flap measuring 7 × 10 cm was harvested from the contralateral side and filled the defect. The postoperative course was uneventful without any complication. Sensation was observed immediately after surgery. Postoperative Semmes‐Weinstein monofilament test showed 3.22 at 9 months postoperatively. There was no recurrence during follow‐up of 20 months. The sensate SGAP flap may be elevated with SCN and be considered for reconstructions of deep sacral defect.
Role of the nutrition‐focused physical examination in identifying malnutrition and its effectiveness
Authors: Hummell A. Christine , Cummings Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt has long been recognized that malnutrition changes physical appearance, as evidenced by muscle wasting, losses of fat stores, signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and reduced physical activity. Malnutrition is associated with poor clinical outcomes and quality of life. Various nutrition assessment parameters have been used to determine the presence and degree of malnutrition, including use of anthropometric measurements and laboratory values. In the mid‐1980s, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool was developed in acknowledgement of the physical features of malnutrition; an evaluation of muscle mass, fat stores, edema, and functional capacity was a major component of the SGA. SGA became a gold standard for nutrition assessment. Since then, nutrition assessment evolved from anthropometric tools and laboratory values to one based on the nutrition‐focused physical examination (NFPE). NFPE uses a head‐to‐toe approach to evaluate muscle mass, fat stores, fluid retention, micronutrient deficiencies, and functional capacity. In 2012, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND/ASPEN) developed a standardized definition for malnutrition diagnoses for coding and reimbursement; the AND/ASPEN malnutrition diagnosis is derived from the SGA. A few studies demonstrated good agreement between SGA and AND/ASPEN malnutrition criteria in diagnosing malnutrition, and some studies have shown malnutrition, as diagnosed by AND/ASPEN criteria, is associated with poor clinical outcomes. More research is needed to validate the AND/ASPEN malnutrition diagnosis criteria.
Computationally efficient integrated design and predictive control of flexible energy systems using multi‐fidelity simulation‐based Bayesian optimization
Authors: Sorourifar Farshud , Choksi Naitik , Paulson Joel A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a multi‐fidelity black‐box optimization approach for integrated design and control (IDC) of constrained nonlinear systems in the presence of uncertainty. The IDC framework is becoming increasingly important for the systematic design of next‐generation (flexible) manufacturing and energy systems. However, identifying optimal solutions to realistic IDC problems is intractable when (i) the dynamics occur on much shorter timescales than the system lifetime, (ii) the uncertainties are described by continuous random variables with high variance, and (iii) operational decisions involve a mixture of discrete and continuous variables. Instead of aggressively simplifying the problem to improve tractability, we develop a simulation‐based optimization procedure using high‐quality decision rules that map information that can be measured online to optimal control actions. In particular, we rely on the Bayesian optimization (BO) framework that has been shown to perform very well on noisy and expensive‐to‐evaluate objective functions. We also discuss how BO can be extended to take advantage of computationally cheaper low‐fidelity approximations to the high‐fidelity IDC cost function. Three major low‐fidelity approximation strategies are described in this work, which are related to the simplification of the system simulator, decision rule solution method, and time grid. Lastly, we demonstrate the advantages of multi‐fidelity BO on the design of a solar‐powered building heating/cooling system (with battery and grid support) under uncertain weather and demand conditions with hourly variation over a year‐long planning horizon.
A communication‐less distributed frequency restoration and economical active power control scheme for islanded AC microgrids
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, a novel distributed cooperative control scheme is presented to restore the microgrid frequency to the nominal value and achieve economical active power sharing. Based on hierarchical control structure, a distributed event‐triggered economic dispatch algorithm is designed to calculate optimal active power reference, and a decentralized frequency controller is developed to restore the microgrid frequency and track the optimal active power reference. The presented scheme is globally distributed for tertiary power optimization and locally decentralized for secondary frequency control. By employing event‐triggered communication mechanism and decentralized secondary frequency control, the communication burden can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, exponential convergence rate of the presented scheme is rigorously proved by Lyapunov approach. Finally, several simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented scheme.
Mechanical, dielectric, and hydrophobicity behavior of coconut shell biochar toughened Caryota urens natural fiber reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: D. Jayabalakrishnan , P. Prabhu , S. Mohamed Iqbal , V. Mugendiran , S. Ravi , V. R. Arun Prakash 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh toughness epoxy bio‐composites were prepared using Caryota urens fiber and biochar particle for light weight and low cost engineering applications. The main aim of this research was to study the effect of adding biochar along with C. urens fiber in epoxy resin composite and its properties. The biochar used in this present study was prepared from coconut shell using pyrolysis process. The composites prepared with 5 vol% of biochar gives highest tensile strength and modulus of 172 MPa and 6.7 GPa. Similarly, the biochar of 7 vol% in epoxy resin reduced the wear volume to the greater extend. Moreover, a highest dielectric constant and loss factor of 6.2, 1.6, and a thermal conductivity of 0.33 W/mK with high hydrophobic contact angle of 70° was observed for composite made using 7 vol% of biochar. These improved dielectric, mechanical, barrier and tribological properties composite could be used as microwave shielding material in electronic gadgets, signal processing units and other telecommunication devices as shielding material with good mechanical properties required.
Why do people self‐sacrifice for their country? The roles of identity fusion and empathic concern
Authors: Landabur Rodrigo , Miguez Gonzalo , Laborda Mario A. , Salinas María I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentity fusion with a group, a feeling of connection with it, is a good predictor of extreme pro‐group behavior, an action to favor or protect the group, including self‐sacrifice. Relational ties and personal distress (self‐oriented emotional reaction; e.g., anxiety, distress) toward ingroup members in need have been evaluated separately as mediators of the relationship between identity fusion and pro‐group self‐sacrifice. Another mediator could be empathic concern (other‐oriented emotional reaction; e.g., compassion, sympathy), but it has not been considered in the literature. We related those three mediators in a model. The objective was to analyze whether relational ties mediate the relationship between identity fusion and pro‐country self‐sacrifice whereas both empathic concern and personal distress mediate the association between relational ties and pro‐country self‐sacrifice. We expected that identity fusion with the country leads to more relational ties, which in turn evokes both empathic concern and personal distress, and those emotional reactions promote more and less pro‐country self‐sacrifice, respectively, with more effect of empathic concern than personal distress. We considered the country as the group reference because it is the most used in identity fusion research. In a sample of university students (N = 539), the results supported this model: Identity fusion promoted relational ties, which in turn evoked empathic concern and personal distress. Then, the last two variables predicted more and less self‐sacrifice, respectively, with more effect of empathic concern than personal distress. We discussed the theoretical implications of the model, especially the relationship of identity fusion with empathic concern and personal distress—traditional explanations for pro‐group behavior—considering the different motivations associated to both emotional reactions. Despite the limitations associated with the measurements, the data supported the model that relates variables not previously explored jointly.
Association of CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms with bupropion and hydroxybupropion exposure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Eum Seenae , Sayre Franklin , Lee Adam M. , Stingl Julia C. , Bishop Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionBupropion is metabolized to its active metabolite, hydroxybupropion (HB), by the genetically polymorphic cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) enzyme. Despite its significant role in bupropion metabolism, the magnitude of the impact of CYP2B6 genotype on the exposure of bupropion has not been quantified.ObjectivesA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to quantify the association of bupropion and HB exposure with CYP2B6 variant alleles and genotype‐defined metabolizer phenotypes.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scifinder, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL were screened to identify studies that met the following inclusion criteria (search updated on February 2021): (1) area under the plasma drug concentration‐time curve (AUC) of bupropion and/or HB in relation to CYP2B6 genotypes was studied, and (2) study participants were genotyped for common CYP2B6 variant alleles including at least CYP2B6*6. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias in each included study. The ratio of means (RoM) between CYP2B6 genotype or genotype‐defined phenotype groups for bupropion exposure was calculated for each study and combined in a meta‐analysis.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, and 10 (including N = 413 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. All 10 studies involved healthy adult volunteers, where other medications were not allowed. The AUCs of HB and the active moiety (bupropion + HB) were significantly reduced in CYP2B6*6 carriers compared with the non‐carriers (HB: RoM 0.77, 95% CI 0.71–0.83; active moiety: RoM 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.88). Both CYP2B6 poor and intermediate metabolizers had significantly decreased exposures to HB and the active moiety than normal metabolizers.ConclusionThe CYP2B6*6 allele and genotype‐determined CYP2B6 poor and intermediate metabolizer phenotypes are associated with significantly lower exposures to HB and the total active moiety. The findings of this study suggest opportunities to further study precision dosing strategies for bupropion therapy based on CYP2B6 genotype.
Performance of shingled solar modules under partial shading
Authors: Klasen Nils , Weisser Daniel , Rößler Torsten , Neuhaus Dirk Holger , Kraft Achim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSignificant progress in the development and commercialization of electrically conductive adhesives has been made. This makes shingling a very attractive approach for solar cell interconnection. In this study, we investigate the shading tolerance of two types of solar modules based on shingle interconnection: first, the already commercialized string approach, and second, the matrix technology where solar cells are intrinsically interconnected in parallel and in series. An experimentally validated LTspice model predicts major advantages for the power output of the matrix layout under partial shading. Diagonal as well as random shading of a 1.6‐m2solar module is examined. Power gains of up to 73.8 % for diagonal shading and up to 96.5 % for random shading are found for the matrix technology compared to the standard string approach. The key factor is an increased current extraction due to lateral current flows. Especially under minor shading, the matrix technology benefits from an increased fill factor as well. Under diagonal shading, we find the probability of parts of the matrix module being bypassed to be reduced by 40 % in comparison to the string module. In consequence, the overall risk of hotspot occurrence in matrix modules is decreased significantly.
Formamide based monomer for highly functionalized polymers
Authors: Chen Ri , Ayyakkalai Balamurugan , Sun Jian , Lee Gene A. , Gopalan Padma 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMulticomponent reactions (MCRs) are widely used in organic chemistry to simplify the synthesis of highly functionalized molecules in a single‐pot reaction. However, their utility for polymer post‐functionalization is severely limited due to the complexity of handling highly reactive and unpleasant isocyanide compounds. In this work, we present a stable methacrylate monomer 2‐formamido ethyl methacrylate (FEMA) containing a benign formamide group that can be converted to isocyanide in situ and that can undergo MCRs in a one‐pot protocol. Block and random copolymers of FEMA with methyl methacrylate were tested for efficiency in MCRs. As a function of composition and architecture, MCR conversions of >90% was achieved in the polymers. This benign bench stable monomer allows incorporation of complex functionality in a one‐pot synthesis to the polymer sidechain using MCRs without direct handling of the isocyanide monomers and polymers.
Curcumol simultaneously induces both apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Wang Juan , Liu Guoxiang , Li Xiaojuan , Huangfu Mengjie , Liu Yisa , Li Xumei , Yu Dan , Zhou Luwei , Chen Xu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutophagy is usually considered as a protective mechanism against cell death, and in the meantime, leads to cell injury even apoptosis. Apoptosis and autophagy are very closely connected and may cooperate, coexist, or antagonize each other on progressive occurrence of cell death triggered by natural compounds. Therefore, the interplay between the two modes of death is essential for the overall fate of cancer cells. Our previous study revealed that curcumol induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Recently, curcumol was found to induce autophagy in cancer cells. However, whether curcumol can induce NPC cells autophagy and the effects of autophagy on apoptosis remain elusive. In this study, we found that curcumol induced autophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway in CNE‐2 cells. Moreover, inhibiting autophagy by autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) or apoptosis inhibitor z‐VAD‐fmk significantly increased proliferation while attenuated apoptosis and autophagy compared with the curcumol 212 μM group. In contrast, combining curcumol with autophagy agonist rapamycin and apoptosis inducer MG132 synergized the apoptotic and autophagic effect of curcumol. Taken together, our study demonstrates that curcumol promotes autophagy in NPC via AMPK/mTOR pathway, induces autophagy enhances the activity of curcumol in NPC cells; the combination of autophagy inducer and curcumol can be a new therapeutic strategy for NPC.
The Role of Free‐Radical Pathway in Catalytic Dye Degradation by Hydrogen Peroxide on the Zr‐Based UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed H. , Haikal Rana R. , Eldin Reham Shams , El‐Mehalmey Worood A. , Alkordi Mohamed H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe role of free‐radical species in catalytic oxidative decomposition of thioether utilizing UiO‐66‐NH2 Zr‐MOF/H2O2 system is highlighted. In contrast to other examples of Zr‐MOF‐mediated oxidation of organic sulfur by H2O2, the amino‐functionalized UiO‐66‐NH2 clearly demonstrates nearly quantitative decomposition and excellent recyclability for 10 consecutive cycles without any detectable loss of activity. Several characterization techniques revealed the maintained structural stability of the UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF even after prolonged utilization. The data presented here clearly demonstrates involvement of free‐radical species as inferred from EPR spectroscopy, which proposes a more comprehensive mechanism involving catalytic activation of H2O2 on Zr‐oxoclusters aided by the amine‐centered holes.
Silver‐Ion‐Selective Gelation of Simple Pyridine‐Naphthalimide Conjugates with Multiple Applications: Sensing, Drug Delivery, Dye Adsorption and Ion Conductivity
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Bhattacharya Subhratanu , Baildya Nabajyoti , Nath Ghosh Narendra , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNaphthalimide‐based compounds 1–4, which show excellent gelation from semi aqueous solvents in the presence of Ag+ ions over a series of other metal ions have been synthesized. While compounds 1–3 form gel in the presence of Ag+ ion in DMF‐H2O (1 : 1, v/v), compound 4, devoid of pyridine, acts as non gelator under identical conditions. The gels reveal rock and fibrous like morphologies and show good viscoelastic response as established from rheological study. Ag‐gels of 1–3 exhibit excellent ion conduction property along with other attributes in material chemistry. Ion transport properties within the gels are analyzed by evaluating the different electrical parameters viz. ion conductivity, ion diffusivity and concentration of mobile ions at different temperatures using impedance spectroscopy. Despite identical concentration of metal ion precursor within the gels, a strong gelator‐dependent conduction property is observed. Furthermore, the Ag‐gels as soft functional materials discriminate L‐ cysteine from other amino acids and show good response in drug delivery and dye adsorption from wastewater.
Excellent Catalytic Activity of Two Cd(II) Metal‐Organic Frameworks in The Synthesis of Benzothiazolo‐Pyrimidines
Authors: Gangu Kranthi Kumar , Tharividi Satya Guru , Kerru Nagaraju , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the noteworthy catalytic activity of two three‐dimensional, rigid and porous Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) constructed from Cd(II) and 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (2,6‐ndc) ligand with different structural arrangements, namely [Cd3(2,6‐ndc)3(DMF)4(NO3)]−(1) and [Cd2(2,6‐ndc)2(DMF)2] (2) in organic synthesis. Excellent porosity and Lewis acidic/basic centres accrued in the structural arrangement rendered both superb catalyst characteristics. Both MOFs exhibited perfect catalytic activity for the one‐pot fusion of chosen substituted benzaldehyde, malononitrile and 2‐amino benzothiazol to synthesise medicinally valuable benzothiazolo‐pyrimidine derivatives. Eight novel benzothiazolo‐pyrimidines were generated with 92–96 % yield in ethanol at room temperature with a short reaction time of 15–25 min. While both complexes showed excellent catalytic performance, MOF 1 exhibited superior activity due to more catalytic active sites. Overall, the protocol addressed the green approach to meet the conditions of green solvent, heterogeneity, catalyst repeatability up to six cycles, 98 % atom economy and 100 % carbon efficiency.
Amphiphilic Polypyridyl Ruthenium Catalyzed, Photoredox‐Mediated C−H Arylation of Heteroarenes with Aryl Diazonium Salts
Authors: Karakaya Idris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVisible light mediated direct C−H arylation of wide range of heteroarenes with aryl diazonium salts catalyzed by amphiphilic polypyridyl ruthenium complex is reported. Using a visible light activated catalyst, mild conditions for arylation of a variety of heteroarenes is achieved in good to excellent yields. A broad substrate scope was demonstrated compatible with various functional groups and exhibiting modest levels of regioselectivity.