bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bestrahlungsplanung und Dosisverifikation für die kombinierte interne und externe Strahlentherapie (CIERT)
Authors: Freudenberg Robert , Hartmann Holger , Andreeff Michael , Oehme Liane , Leichtner Thomas , Fischer Alexander , Paulus Timo , Krause Mechthild , Kotzerke Jörg 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die kombinierte interne und externe Radiotherapie (CIERT) mittels offenen Radionukliden und externer Bestrahlung ermöglicht die Ausnutzung der Vorteile beider Bestrahlungsansätze. Hierzu zählen steile Dosisgradienten und eine geringe Normalgewebstoxizität durch die Bestrahlung mit offenen Radionukliden sowie die homogene Dosisdeposition innerhalb des Tumors durch externe Bestrahlung. Für eine kombinierte Bestrahlungsplanung soll eine Infrastruktur zur Berücksichtigung der Dosisbeiträge aus beiden Modalitäten geschaffen werden. Anschließend soll die physikalische Verifikation der Dosisverteilung messtechnisch mittels OSL-Detektoren erfolgen.
Methode Die interne Bestrahlung erfolgte durch Re-188 in einem Zylinderphantom mit drei zylindrischen Einsätzen. Nach Akquisition von SPECT-Aufnahmen wurde die interne Dosis mittels der Software STRATOS berechnet und als DICOM-RT-Datensatz exportiert. Mittels der Planungssoftware Pinnacle wurde diese Dosisverteilung als Vorbestrahlung berücksichtigt und die externe Bestrahlung mit 6 MV Photonen geplant. Die Messung der Dosisbeiträge erfolgte mittels OSL-Detektoren aus Berylliumoxid für die kombinierte Bestrahlung und für beide Modalitäten getrennt.
Ergebnisse Die geplante Kombinationsbestrahlung mit 1 Gy, 2 Gy und 4 Gy konnte innerhalb der Messunsicherheit der Detektoren sowohl für die getrennten als auch die kombinierte interne und externe Bestrahlung verifiziert werden. Das mittlere Ansprechvermögen der Detektoren bei der internen Bestrahlung mit Re-188 betrug dabei (88,6 ± 2,4) % gegenüber der Kalibrierung mit 200 kV Röntgenstrahlen, wogegen das Ansprechvermögen für 6 MV Photonen bei (146,0 ± 4,9) % lag.
Schlussfolgerung Es wurde ein Ablaufschema für die Bestrahlungsplanung bei der kombinierten internen und externen Radiotherapie entwickelt und erfolgreich getestet. Messtechnisch konnte die Dosisverifikation mittels OSL-Detektoren erfolgreich umgesetzt werden, so dass die physikalisch-technischen Grundlagen für die Dosimetrie bei Kombinationsbestrahlungen gelegt sind.
Übersicht über die Entwicklung der invasiven Spiroergometrie (iCPET)
Authors: Ewert Ralf , Stubbe Beate , Heine Alexander , Desole Susanna , Habedank Dirk , Knaack Christine , Hortien Franziska , Opitz Christian F. 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Standardmethode zur Messung der pulmonalen Hämodynamik ist der Rechtsherzkatheter (RHK) unter Ruhebedingungen, welcher international standardisiert ist. In den letzten Jahren wurden Bemühungen unternommen, auch die methodischen Aspekte des RHK unter Belastung zu vereinheitlichen und die somit gewonnenen Daten hinsichtlich ihrer prognostischen Aussagekraft zu definieren. Die Spiroergometrie als eine nichtinvasive Methode kann zusätzliche Aspekte der Pathophysiologie unter Belastung darstellen, und beide Methoden werden zunehmend kombiniert (als sog. invasive Spiroergometrie, iCPET) und ermöglichen eine sehr differenzierte Analyse der Belastungsreaktion.In dieser Übersicht werden die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der invasiven Spiroergometrie dargestellt und insbesondere methodische Details erläutert.Die bisherigen Daten zur invasiven Spiroergometrie zeigen, dass diese komplexe Untersuchung besonders bei der Differenzierung der zugrundeliegenden Ursachen einer unklaren Dyspnoe hilfreich ist. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass über die Kombination aus hämodynamischen sowie ventilatorischen und gasanalytischen Daten schon frühe Formen einer kardialen bzw. pulmonalvaskulären Störung zu detektieren sind. Durch die zunehmende Validierung gewonnener Parameter aus der iCPET sind zukünftig Grenzwerte zur Unterscheidung normaler vs. pathologischer Belastungsreaktionen zu erwarten, die genauer als durch die alleinige Anwendung der jeweiligen Methoden möglich werden.
Visual Diagnosis of Pleural Tuberculosis and its Association with Tissue Biopsy, Culture and Xpert Assay
Authors: Sumalani Kamran Khan , Akhter Nousheen , Chawla Dimple , Rizvi Nadeem Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction The diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis remains a clinical challenge due to the paucibacillary nature of disease. Medical thoracoscopy remains the gold standard in diagnosing tuberculous pleuritis.
Objective To establish the diagnostic yield of sago-seed thoracoscopic appearance of pleura in tuberculosis and its correlation with histopathology, tissue AFB culture and tissue Xpert MTB/Rif assay.
Methods All consecutive patients with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion, who fulfilled inclusion criteria of the study underwent medical thoracoscopy under local anesthesia and pleural tissue was sent for histopathology, AFB culture and Xpert MTB/Rif assay. Chronic granulomatous inflammation on histopathology and response to anti-tuberculous treatment was taken as reference standard for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.
Results A total of 249 patients were included in the study, out of which 168 had effusion secondary to tuberculosis. Sago-like nodules visualized on thoracoscopy had a sensitivity of 58.9 %, specificity of 92.6 % and diagnostic accuracy of 69.88 % for pleural tuberculosis. There is a strong association between the presence of sago-like nodules and detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis on Xpert MTB/Rif assay and AFB culture of pleura (p-value 0.007).
Conclusion Sago seed nodules on pleura have a high positive predictive value for tuberculous pleurisy. In high endemic countries patients with this finding on thoracoscopy can be commenced on anti-tuberculous treatment before histopathology or culture results are available.
Novel Classification of Acromegaly in Accordance with
Immunohistochemical Subtypes: Is There Really a Clinical
Relevance?
Authors: Akkus Gamze , Odabaş Fulya , Sözütok Sinan , Sert Murat , Ak Numan Emre , Evran Mehtap , Tetiker Tamer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to the recent studies, immunohistochemical subtypes of growth hormone
(GH) secreting adenomas have been considered as a predictive factor in
determining the clinical outcomes including biochemical, radiologic, and
endocrine remission. In a 20 year-of time period, acromegaly patients who were
treated and followed at the Endocrinology Department of our University Hospital
were screened for the study. Of total 98 patients, 65 patients who had been
operated by transsphenoidal surgery and having postoperative specimens were
included. Postoperative specimens of the surgery of the patients were classified
into 3 groups based on the histochemical characteristics (densely, sparsely, and
mixed). Parasellar extensions of pituitary tumors were classified into the five
grades according to Knosp classification. The patients were investigated and
evaluated for postoperative clinical progress, remission rates, comorbidities
regarding with the histopathological patterns. Of total 65 patients, 31 were
classified as densely granulated (group 1), 32 were classified as sparsely
granulated (group 2), and 2 patients were assessed as mixed granulated (group
3). There was no difference between groups for age and gender. Pre-treatment of
adenoma size in all groups was correlated with each other and the frequency of
macroadenoma (1 vs. 2, 77.4 vs. 84.3%) was higher in two groups.
Although mean initial GH levels in group 1 was higher than the other groups
(p=0.03), IGF1 levels (age and gender matched) were similar in each
group. Adenomas in all groups demonstrated noninvasive radiological
characteristics (Knosp grade 0–1–2). Ki-67 proliferation index
of both groups (64.5 vs. 50%) was predominantly 1%. With a
similar follow-up period, the endocrine remission rates
(GH<1 μg/l) in groups were 64 vs. 69%,
respectively. In conclusion, classification according to immunohistochemical
subtypes of growth hormone secreting adenomas may not be a qualified parameter
to evaluate patients with patterns of aggressiveness, clinical outcomes, or
treatment response.
Influence of the Inclination of the Incisal Edge of Planas Direct Tracks on Deciduous Dentition with Anterior Crossbite: Finite-Elements Study
Authors: Matos Gabriel Ribeiro de , Neto Ruben Ribeiro , Júnior Almiro José Machado , Junior Rui Barbosa Brito 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the influence of three different inclinations of the incisal edge of Planas direct tracks (PDTs) on the upper deciduous incisors (15, 30, and 45 degrees) through simulations using the finite-elements method.
Materials and Methods A three-dimensional virtual model of tooth 51 was elaborated by using the Rhinoceros computer-aided design (CAD) software. A mesh was constructed by using the Patran software, and the evaluations were processed by using the ANSYS 15.0 software. The geometry of the elements used consisted of a triangular-base tetrahedron composed of 2,167,386 elements and 3,012,995 nodal points.
Results Progressive alterations of proportional intensity and distribution were seen in the areas of tension on the dentoalveolar structures, with increasing inclination of the edge of the PDT. The tractive contact tensions were seen to be concentrated in the vestibular apical thirds and palatine cervical thirds, while the compressive contact tensions were in the palatine apical thirds and vestibular cervical thirds.
Conclusion It was concluded that a 30-degree inclination for the PDT was most appropriate for the cases of anterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition. Nevertheless, because this was a laboratory evaluation, clinical criteria and complementary examinations for each case need to be taken into consideration in making therapeutic decisions.
Progressive Clinical and Neuroradiological Findings in a Child with BCL11B Missense Mutation: Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of Related Disorder
Authors: Alfei Enrico , Cattaneo Elisa , Spaccini Luigina , Iascone Maria , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Doneda Chiara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report a patient affected by BCL11B-related disorder, providing the first extensive demonstration of clinical and neuroradiological progressive course of the disease, with possible implications on the way it is studied and followed-up. Never described clinical aspects such as toes abnormalities and hypospadias widen the range of dysmorphisms associated with this condition. Our data suggest that BCL11B mutations may be implicated not only in impaired morphogenesis and hematopoiesis but also in progressive central nervous system damage, which remains to be further investigated and clarified.
Multiple Jejunal Diverticulosis Complicated by Perforation: Case Report and a Brief Literature Review
Authors: Carmo Luiz Carlos Benjamin do , Campos Fábio Guilherme , Barreto Renato , Fontes Diogo , Ibiapina Thiago , Gontscharow Sérgio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Multiple small-bowel diverticulosis comprises a rare entity with probable underestimated incidence, and that may be the reason why it is sometimes overlooked when managing cases with peritonitis.
Case report In the present paper, we report the case of a 76-year-old male presenting abdominal pain and fever in an acute setting. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed jejunal thickening and numerous images of saccular addition that were interpreted as jejunoileal diverticulitis. After an initial period of clinical treatment, surgical management was indicated based on a worsening clinical picture and the presence of an extraluminal focus of gas detected in a subsequent CT scan. Through a laparoscopic approach, multiple small-bowel diverticula and a tamponade perforation were found. A segmental intestinal resection was performed, and the patient was discharged after a ten days.
Conclusions Multiple jejunal diverticulosis is a rare condition that should be remembered in the setting of an acute abdomen. As it prevails among older patients, early diagnosis with radiological aid is crucial to establish the most adequate management, including intestinal resection, if necessary.
Primary Adenocarcinoma at Colostomy Site: Report of a Clinical Case
Authors: Sardiñas Carlos , Nouri Bagher , Cifuentes Andrea , Oropeza María Eugenia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States and it is found in 17% of patients thought to have complicated diverticular disease. However, primary adenocarcinoma rarely occur in the colostomy site and the risk of developing malignancy is similar to that of any other colonic segment. Polyps found in CRC screenings can be divided into the following types: hyperplastic polyps, polyps with no malignant potential, adenomatous polyps, polyps with malignant potential, and malignancies. Local complications of the colostomy can appear in the immediate, early, or late postoperative period, with an incidence ranging from 15 to 30%; neoplasia is even less common.
Cardiac Tuberculosis on 18F-FDG PET Imaging—A Great Masquerader of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Sundaraiya Sumati , Sulaiman Abubacker , Rajendran Adhithyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA young gentleman with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis and LV dysfunction whose CMR revealed multifocal subepicardial to mid myocardial linear enhancement in the left ventricular myocardium underwent cardiac 18F-FDG PET imaging. The images revealed patchy regions of increased FDG uptake involving the apical to mid anterolateral, mid to basal anteroseptal/ right ventricular and mildly increased FDG uptake in apical inferior segments of the LV myocardium concordant with CMR findings. Whole body PET CT imaging showed multiple hypermetabolic supra and infra diaphragmatic lymphadenopathy, with no pulmonary lesion identified. Biopsy from the left para aortic lymph node revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis. Based on the histopathological findings of the lymph nodes, diagnosis of cardiac tuberculosis was made, given the similar imaging appearances in both sarcoidosis and TB. This case highlights that cardiac TB although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with suspected infiltrative cardiomyopathy, particularly in TB endemic regions.
A Case Report on Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma of the Anterior Mandible with Brief Review on Advanced Imaging Diagnosis
Authors: Chinam Nivedita , Vaidya Aniket , Khorate Manisha , Khurana Sonam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmeloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. It exhibits a locally aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate with multitude of factors involving in its molecular pathogenesis. This article reports a case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma involving the mandible in a 60-year-old male patient with peculiar imaging characteristics. The role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of conventional ameloblastoma has been elaborately emphasized in the discussion. Although the final diagnosis is based on histopathological features, physicians should be aware of the role of advanced imaging for diagnosis of ameloblastoma and for better surgical management.
Serial Inhibin B Measurements in Boys with Congenital Monorchism Indicate Compensatory Testicular Hypertrophy in Early Infancy
Authors: Hildorf Simone , Clasen-Linde Erik , Cortes Dina , Fossum Magdalena , Thorup Jorgen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim Congenital monorchism is considered a condition in which an initially normal testis has existed but subsequently atrophied and disappeared due to a third trimester catastrophe (presumably torsion). Since inhibin B concentrations appear related to Sertoli and germ cells number, we evaluated pre- and postoperative inhibin B of boys with congenital monorchism to determine whether the well-known hypertrophy of the contralateral testis was reflected in inhibin B concentrations.
Materials and Methods Twenty-seven boys consecutively diagnosed with congenital monorchism (median age 12 months) underwent follow-up with reproductive hormones 1 year postoperatively (median age 25 months). The results were compared with inhibin B of 225 boys with congenital nonsyndromic unilateral cryptorchidism, by converting values to multiple of the median (MoM) for age in normal boys.
Results Ten boys (37%) had blind-ending vessels and ductus deferens (vanished testis) and the remaining (63%) had testicular remnants. At the time of diagnostic procedure, monorchid boys did not have significantly lower inhibin B (median 114, range 20–208) than unilateral cryptorchid boys (136, 47–393) (p = 0.27). During follow-up, MoM values of inhibin B increased in monorchid boys (median 0.59 to 0.98) and in unilateral cryptorchid boys (0.69 to 0.89) (both p < 0.0001). Compared with the concentration at surgery, an additional 44% monorchid boys had inhibin B MoM values higher than 1.0, whereas only additional 23% of unilateral cryptorchid boys exhibited such values (p = 0.04).
Conclusion Generally, inhibin B MoM values were normalized during follow-up in boys with congenital monorchism, reflecting compensatory hypertrophy within the first 2.5 years of life. The compensatory capacity to increase was better in monorchism than in unilateral cryptorchidism.
Study of the output beam spatial characteristics of a cascade Raman laser with multimode diode pumping
Authors: Kuznetsov A.G. , Kablukov S.I. , Podivilov E.V. , Babin S.A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report a study of the spatial characteristics of the beam output from a multimode-pumped SRS cascade laser. The intensity profiles of transmitted pump radiation beams, as well as of the first and second orders Stokes SRS generation, is measured in two different laser configurations: in a classical laser with two pairs of reflectors and in a scheme with a half-open cavity for the second order Stokes component. The dynamics of changes in the intensity profiles of the radiation beams in the two considered resonators is shown to differ significantly. The data obtained for the beam profiles are analysed together with the power characteristics of the cascade Raman laser within the framework of a balance model of interaction between pump radiation and the Stokes components of the SRS.
Divergence features of laser beams with angular momentum
Authors: Niziev V.G. , Nesterov-Mueller A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The physical features of the divergence of laser beams with angular momentum are investigated. The beams are presented in the form of a coherent superposition of two modes without angular momentum. Analytical formulas are used that satisfy Maxwell’s equations for all components of the electric and magnetic fields of the initial modes. This allows one to describe the superposition of modes in terms of the components of the Umov–Poynting vector. The relationship between the beam divergence and its angular momentum, caused by the dependence of the radial and azimuthal components of the Umov–Poynting vector on the longitudinal components of the fields, is demonstrated. The components of this vector are analysed for an annular beam obtained using the superposition of azimuthally and radially polarised modes at various phase shifts between them. According to the analysis, beams with angular momentum can propagate without divergence. A method for generating such beams is discussed.
Peripheral tolerance by Treg via constraining OX40 signal in autoreactive T cells against desmoglein 3, a target antigen in pemphigus
Authors: Iriki Hisato , Takahashi Hayato , Wada Naoko , Nomura Hisashi , Mukai Miho , Kamata Aki , Ito Hiromi , Yamagami Jun , Matsui Takeshi , Kurebayashi Yutaka , Mise-Omata Setsuko , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Nureki Osamu , Yoshimura Akihiko , Hori Shohei , Amagai Masayuki 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceImmune tolerance is crucial to prevent harmful immune reactions against self-antigens and well operated by central thymic tolerance and peripheral tissue tolerance. However, peripheral tolerance had been investigated under influence from thymic tolerance. We successfully decoupled peripheral tolerance from thymic tolerance by utilizing autoantigen-deficient thymus. Experiments revealed that self-antigen presentation in steady state initiated proliferation but subsequent disappearance of autoreactive CD4+T cells in draining lymph nodes. After screening of representative candidates, including Ctla4, autoimmune regulator, and Pd-1, the mechanism was found to depend on regulatory T cell (Treg) function that constrained OX40 signaling of the T cells. This study presented fundamental, but potent, Treg-mediated tolerance mechanisms of peripheral tissues to prevent autoimmunity as compensatory roles for central tolerance.
Individual variation in acquisition of voicing contrasts by classroom learners of French
Authors: Hutchinson Amy E. , Dmitrieva Olga 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study examines the production of voicing by English-speaking learners of French in a traditional classroom environment, focusing on the juxtaposition between group patterns and individual tendencies. Thirty-one intermediate-level learners completed word-reading production tasks in French and English, and voice onset time was measured in word-initial bilabial stops. At the group level, results demonstrated strong interference from English in participants’ French, especially in the production of voiceless stops. In contrast, voiced stops overall were more target-like, revealing an asymmetry in the acquisition of the two members of the phonological distinction. At the individual level, much variability was observed both in the relative attainment of pronunciation targets and in the alignment between participants first and second language pronunciation patterns, ultimately highlighting the need for future research to consider individual trends in order to understand L2 speech acquisition in a more comprehensive manner.
Detecting spatially co-expressed gene clusters with functional coherence by graph-regularized convolutional neural network
Authors: Song Tianci , Markham Kathleen K , Li Zhuliu , Muller Kristen E , Greenham Kathleen , Kuang Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Clustering spatial-resolved gene expression is an essential analysis to reveal gene activities in the underlying morphological context by their functional roles. However, conventional clustering analysis does not consider gene expression co-localizations in tissue for detecting spatial expression patterns or functional relationships among the genes for biological interpretation in the spatial context. In this article, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) regularized by the graph of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to cluster spatially resolved gene expression. This method improves the coherence of spatial patterns and provides biological interpretation of the gene clusters in the spatial context by exploiting the spatial localization by convolution and gene functional relationships by graph-Laplacian regularization.

Results
In this study, we tested clustering the spatially variable genes or all expressed genes in the transcriptome in 22 Visium spatial transcriptomics datasets of different tissue sections publicly available from 10× Genomics and spatialLIBD. The results demonstrate that the PPI-regularized CNN constantly detects gene clusters with coherent spatial patterns and significantly enriched by gene functions with the state-of-the-art performance. Additional case studies on mouse kidney tissue and human breast cancer tissue suggest that the PPI-regularized CNN also detects spatially co-expressed genes to define the corresponding morphological context in the tissue with valuable insights.

Availability and implementation
Source code is available at https://github.com/kuanglab/CNN-PReg.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.