bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective desymmetrization reactions of prochiral para-quinamines with cyclopropenes generated in situ: access to fused hydroindol-5-one scaffolds
Authors: Lodhi Rajni , Prakash Meher , Samanta Sampak 
Published: July 2021

A base-promoted diastereoselective desymmetric [3 + 2] annulation reaction of prochiral para-quinamines with 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates to provide a series of fused-hydroindol-5-ones bearing four stereogenic centres is reported.
Speech Understanding in Modulated Noise and Speech Maskers as a Function of Cognitive Status in Older Adults
Authors: Mamo Sara K. , Helfer Karen S. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different types of maskers on speech understanding as a function of cognitive status in older adults. The hypothesis tested was that individuals with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia would perform like their age- and hearing status–matched control counterparts in modulated noise but would perform more poorly in the presence of competing speech.

Design

Participants (
n
= 39; age range: 55–77 years old) performed a speech-in-noise task and completed two cognitive screening tests and a measure of working memory. Sentences were presented in the presence of two types of maskers (i.e., speech envelope–modulated noise and two-talker, same-sex competing speech). Two analyses were undertaken: (a) a between-groups comparison of individuals diagnosed with MCI/dementia, individuals who failed both cognitive screeners (possible MCI), and age- and hearing status–matched neurologically healthy control individuals and (b) a mixed-model analysis of variance of speech perception performance as a function of working memory capacity.

Results
The between-groups comparison yielded significant group differences for speech understanding in both masking conditions, with the MCI/dementia group performing more poorly than the neurologically healthy controls and possible MCI groups. A single measure of working memory (Size Comparison Span [SICSPAN]) was correlated with performance on the speech perception task in the competing speech conditions.

Conclusions
Adults with a diagnosis of MCI or mild dementia performed more poorly on a speech perception task than their age- and hearing status–matched control counterparts in the presence of both maskers, with larger group mean differences when the target speech was presented in a two-talker masker. This suggests increased difficulty understanding speech in the presence of distracting backgrounds for people with MCI/dementia. Future studies should consider how to target this potentially vulnerable population as they may be experiencing increased difficulty communicating in challenging environments.
Embedding Aphasia-Modified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Script Training for Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Single-Case Pilot Study
Authors: Schaffer Kristin M. , Evans William S. , Dutcher Christina D. , Philburn Christina , Henry Maya L. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study sought to determine the initial feasibility and benefit of a novel intervention that combines speech-language treatment with counseling treatment for an individual with the nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Method
Using a single-case experimental design, we evaluated the utility of modified script training paired with aphasia-modified cognitive behavioral therapy. The study employed a multiple baseline design across scripts for the primary linguistic outcome measure and a mixed methods approach for analyzing counseling outcomes. Psychosocial and communicative functioning scales were administered in conjunction with a phenomenological analysis of semi-structured interviews.

Results

The participant completed all study phases and participated in all treatment components. She met the criterion of 90% correct, intelligible scripted words on all trained scripts through 12 months post-treatment. Treatment outcomes were comparable to a comparison cohort that received script training without counseling (
Henry et al., 2018
). At post-treatment, the participant demonstrated stability or improvement on all measures of psychosocial and communicative functioning, with stability documented on seven out of 11 scales at follow-ups through 12 months post-treatment. A phenomenological analysis revealed pervasive themes of
loss
and
resilience
at both time points, and emerging themes of
positive self-perception, sense of agency,
and
emotional attunement
following treatment.

Conclusions
Results indicate that script training with aphasia-modified cognitive behavioral therapy is a feasible treatment for an individual with the nonfluent/agrammatic variant of PPA, with immediate and lasting benefits to speech-language production and psychosocial functioning. These findings are the first to support the integration of personal adjustment counseling techniques within a speech-language treatment paradigm for PPA.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14925330
Language and Executive Function in Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorder: The Role of Self-Directed Speech
Authors: Kapa Leah L. , Mettler Heidi M. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
Our goal was to examine the relationship between language and executive function in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and/or developmental language disorder (DLD) with a specific focus on how language in the form of self-directed speech (SDS) affects executive functioning in this population.

Method:
Participants included thirty-one 4- and 5-year-old children with DLD. Children completed a visual, computer-based continuous performance task (CPT) that tapped their sustained selective attention. SDS children produced during this task was coded off-line for intelligibility, task relevancy, and whether it was regulatory. Regression analyses were used to characterize the relationship between children's performance on the CPT and their SDS.

Results:
The majority of SDS that children produced during the CPT was task relevant and regulatory, but there was individual variability in the total amount of SDS produced. Children's percentage of regulatory SDS was a significant predictor of their CPT performance.

Conclusions:
Because SDS is positively associated with executive function performance but has delayed development among children with SLI and/or DLD, clinicians have an opportunity to support SDS development in children. We discuss specific approaches and clinical activities for supporting SDS development in early childhood.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Borsa F. , Lanza A. F. , Raspantini I. , Rainer M. , Fossati L. , Brogi M. , Di Mauro M. P. , Gratton R. , Pino L. , Benatti S. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Claudi R. , Esposito M. , Frustagli G. , Maggio A. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Micela G. , Nascimbeni V. , Poretti E. , Scandariato G. , Sicilia D. , Sozzetti A. , Boschin W. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , Desidera S. , Di Fabrizio L. , Fiorenzano A. F. M. , Harutyunyan A. , Knapic C. , Molinari E. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Giant planets in short-period orbits around bright stars represent optimal candidates for atmospheric and dynamical studies of exoplanetary systems.
Aims. We aim to analyse four transits of WASP-33b observed with the optical high-resolution HARPS-N spectrograph to confirm its nodal precession, study its atmosphere, and investigate the presence of star-planet interactions.
Methods. We extracted the mean line profiles of the spectra using the least-squares deconvolution method, and we analysed the Doppler shadow and the radial velocities. We also derived the transmission spectrum of the planet, correcting it for the stellar contamination due to rotation, centre-to-limb variations, and pulsations.
Results. We confirm the previously discovered nodal precession of WASP-33b, almost doubling the time coverage of the inclination and projected spin-orbit angle variation. We find that the projected obliquity reached a minimum in 2011, and we used this constraint to derive the geometry of the system, and in particular its obliquity at that epoch (ϵ = 113.99° ± 0.22°) and the inclination of the stellar spin axis (is = 90.11° ± 0.12°). We also derived the gravitational quadrupole moment of the star J2 = (6.73 ± 0.22) × 10−5, which we find to be in close agreement with the theoretically predicted value. Small systematics errors are computed by shifting the date of the minimum projected obliquity. We present detections of Hα and Hβ absorption in the atmosphere of the planet, with a contrast almost twice as small as that previously detected in the literature. We also find evidence for the presence of a pre-transit signal, which repeats in all four analysed transits and should thus be related to the planet. The most likely explanation lies in a possible excitation of a stellar pulsation mode by the presence of the planetary companion.
Conclusions. A future common analysis of all available datasets in the literature will help shed light on the possibility that the observed Balmer lines’ transit depth variations are related to stellar activity and pulsation, and to set constraints on the planetary temperature–pressure structure and thus on the energetics possibly driving atmospheric escape. A complete orbital phase coverage of WASP-33b with high-resolution spectroscopic (and spectro-polarimetric) observations could help us to understand the nature of the pre-transit signal.
Identification of neutrino bursts associated to supernovae with real-time test statistic (RTS2) method
Authors: Lamoureux Mathieu 
Published: July 2021

Aims. This paper proposes a new approach to detecting 𝒪(MeV) neutrino bursts such as those associated with supernovae.
Methods. A novel ‘real-time test statistic’ (RTS) exploits the temporal structure of the expected signal, discriminating against the diffuse background, to allow detection of very weak signals that would elude standard clustering methods.
Results. For a given background rate, the proposed method increases signal efficiency while keeping the same false alarm rate for a Poisson-distributed background. By adding a spatial penalty term to the definition of RTS, it is also possible to reject spatially correlated backgrounds such as those due to spallation events.
Conclusions. The algorithm can be implemented in a real-time monitoring system for detectors of all sizes, allowing prompt alerts to be sent to the wider community, for example through the SNEWS 2.0 network.
Evidence and theory for lower rates of depression in larger US urban areas
Authors: Stier Andrew J. , Schertz Kathryn E. , Rim Nak Won , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Lahey Benjamin B. , Bettencourt Luís M. A. , Berman Marc G. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Depression is the global leading cause of disability and related economic losses. Cities are associated with increased risk for depression, but how do depression risks change between cities? Here, we develop a mathematical theory for how the built urban environment influences depression risk and predict lower depression rates in larger cities. We demonstrate that this model fits empirical data across four large-scale datasets in US cities. If our model captures some of the underlying causal mechanisms, then these results suggest that depression within cities can be understood, in part, as a collective ecological phenomenon mediated by human social networks and their relationship to the urban built environment.
Language attrition: A matter of brain plasticity?
Authors: Köpke Barbara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While it has long been assumed that brain plasticity declines significantly with growing maturity, recent studies
in adult subjects show grey and white matter changes due to language learning that suggest high adaptability of brain structures
even within short time-scales. It is not known yet whether other language development phenomena, such as attrition, may also be
linked to structural changes in the brain. In behavioral and neurocognitive research on language attrition and crosslinguistic
influence, findings suggest high plasticity as language interaction patterns of bilingual speakers change constantly and from
early stages of language acquisition onwards. In this paper we will speculate on possible links between brain plasticity and L1
attrition in adult bilinguals, with particular attention to a number of factors that are put forward in memory frameworks in order
to explain forgetting: time elapsed, frequency of L1 use, and interference from L2. In order to better understand the time-scales
involved in the plastic changes during bilingual development, we then discuss some recent studies of re-exposure to L1 in formerly
attrited immigrants, and their implications with respect to brain plasticity.
Capturing the variation in language experience to understand language processing and learning
Authors: Kroll Judith F. , Takahesu Tabori Andrea , Navarro-Torres Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A goal of early research on language processing was to characterize what is universal about language. Much of the past research focused on native speakers because the native language has been considered as providing privileged truths about acquisition, comprehension, and production. Populations or circumstances that deviated from these idealized norms were of interest but not regarded as essential to our understanding of language. In the past two decades, there has been a marked change in our understanding of how variation in language experience may inform the central and enduring questions about language. There is now evidence for significant plasticity in language learning beyond early childhood, and variation in language experience has been shown to influence both language learning and processing. In this paper, we feature what we take to be the most exciting recent new discoveries suggesting that variation in language experience provides a lens into the linguistic, cognitive, and neural mechanisms that enable language processing.
Remapping variable subject position in Spanish intransitives
Authors: Pulido Manuel F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Spanish, a SVO language with variable word order, post-verbal subjects have been proposed to be favored for
particular verb categories. For instance, based on agentivity, unaccusatives are proposed to favor VS as a whole. Motion verbs are
regarded as unaccusatives generally favoring VS order. An alternative analysis is presented here, using data from two
conversational corpora. Motion verbs are recategorized based on their predicted tendency to include adverbials in the sentence and
compared with other unaccusatives. Motion verbs are divided according to their Deictic Function (Talmy 2000) into “come” verbs (i.e., “motion-toward-the-center,” that is, the speaker), and “go” verbs.
“Come” verbs do not often require target specification through an adverbial, whereas “go” verbs do. Adverbials were found to
appear as post-verbal path specification in “go” verbs; due to weight factors, such specifiers favor pre-verbal subjects.
Importantly, even when no modifier is present, trends persist, suggesting entrenchment of usage patterns.
Single-hole pump in germanium
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Hendrickx Nico W , Sammak Amir , Veldhorst Menno , Scappucci Giordano , Kataoka Masaya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Single-charge pumps are the main candidates for quantum-based standards of the unit ampere because they can generate accurate and quantized electric currents. In order to approach the metrological requirements in terms of both accuracy and speed of operation, in the past decade there has been a focus on semiconductor-based devices. The use of a variety of semiconductor materials enables the universality of charge pump devices to be tested, a highly desirable demonstration for metrology, with GaAs and Si pumps at the forefront of these tests. Here, we show that pumping can be achieved in a yet unexplored semiconductor, i.e. germanium. We realise a single-hole pump with a tunable-barrier quantum dot electrostatically defined at a Ge/SiGe heterostructure interface. We observe quantized current plateaux by driving the system with a single sinusoidal drive up to a frequency of 100 MHz. The operation of the prototype was affected by accidental formation of multiple dots, probably due to disorder potential, and random charge fluctuations. We suggest straightforward refinements of the fabrication process to improve pump characteristics in future experiments.
Connected Coulomb columns: analysis and numerics
Authors: Dondl P , Novaga M , Wojtowytsch S , Wolff-Vorbeck S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider a version of Gamow’s liquid drop model with a short range attractive perimeter-penalizing potential and a long-range Coulomb interaction of a uniformly charged mass in

R

3

. Here we constrain ourselves to minimizing among the class of shapes that are columnar, i.e., constant in one spatial direction. Using the standard perimeter in the energy would lead to non-existence for any prescribed cross-sectional area due to the infinite mass in the constant spatial direction. In order to overcome this issue we use a connected perimeter instead. We prove existence of minimizers for this connected isoperimetric problem with long-range interaction and study the shapes of minimizers in the small and large cross section regimes. For an intermediate regime we use an Ohta–Kawasaki phase field model with connectedness constraint to study the shapes of minimizers numerically.
Macroscopic, layered onion shell like magnetic domain structure generated in YIG films using ultrashort, megagauss magnetic pulses
Authors: Nath Kamalika , Mahato P C , Lad Amit D , Shaikh Moniruzzaman , Jana Kamalesh , Sarkar Deep , Sensarma Rajdeep , Ravindra Kumar G , Banerjee S S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Study of the formation and evolution of large scale, ordered structures is an enduring theme in science. Generation, evolution and control of large sized magnetic domains are challenging tasks, given the complex nature of competing interactions in a magnetic system. Here, we demonstrate large scale non-coplanar ordering of spins, driven by picosecond, megagauss magnetic pulses derived from a high intensity, femtosecond laser. Our studies on a specially designed yttrium iron garnet (YIG) dielectric/metal film sandwich target, show the creation of complex, large, concentric, elliptical shaped magnetic domains which resemble the layered shell structure of an onion. The largest shell has a major axis over hundreds of micrometers, in stark contrast to sub micrometer scale polygonal, striped or bubble shaped magnetic domains in magnetic materials, or large dumbbell shaped domains produced in magnetic films irradiated with accelerator based relativistic electron beams. Micromagnetic simulations show that the giant magnetic field pulses create ultrafast terahertz (THz) spin waves and a snapshot of these fast-propagating spin waves is stored as the layered onion shell shaped domains in the YIG film. Typically, information transport via spin waves in magnonic devices occurs in the gigahertz regime, where devices are susceptible to thermal disturbances at room temperature. Our intense laser light pulse—YIG sandwich target combination, paves the way for room temperature table-top THz spin wave devices, operating just above or in the range of the thermal noise floor. This dissipation-less device offers ultrafast control of spin information over distances of few hundreds of microns.
Anonymous and secret communication in quantum networks
Authors: Thalacker Christopher , Hahn Frederik , de Jong Jarn , Pappa Anna , Barz Stefanie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Secure communication is one of the key applications of quantum networks. In recent years, following the demands for identity protection in classical communication protocols, the need for anonymity has also emerged for quantum networks. Here, we demonstrate that quantum physics allows parties—besides communicating securely over a network—to also keep their identities secret. We implement such an anonymous quantum conference key agreement by sharing multipartite entangled states in a quantum network. We demonstrate the protocol with four parties and establish keys in subsets of the network—different combinations of two and three parties—whilst keeping the participating parties anonymous. We additionally show that the protocol is verifiable and run multiple key generation and verification routines. Our work thus addresses one of the key challenges of networked communication: keeping the identities of the communicating parties private.
Valley-dependent electronic transport in quantum Hall systems of α-T3 model
Authors: Li Fu , Zhang Qingtian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study the quantum transport in α-T3 model lattice in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. It is found that valley pseudospin is also a very important degree of freedom for electrons in α-T3 model lattice, which can be modulated by the magnetic field. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied to α-T3 model lattice, the electrons in the two valleys have different responses to the magnetic field. We found that the continuous subbands of α-T3 model lattice are splitted into discrete Landau levels by the perpendicular magnetic fields, and the Landau levels for the two valleys are different, which leads to high valley polarization. Our results may stimulate further experimental studies of the realization of valleytronic devices.
Numerical study on crosswind stability of spherical structures
Authors: Zhou Yu , Ji Xiaowei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Karman Vortex Street will be formed when steady incoming flow flows around square cylinder under a certain Reynolds number. The alternate shedding of Karman Vortex Street will affect the structure of the object which will cause structural vibration, and may even cause structural damage in severe cases. The “world’s largest artificial moon” located in Hongguo, Panzhou City, Guizhou Province was selected as the research object in this paper, the flow around characteristics under different crosswind velocity of which are numerically studied by computational fluid dynamics, and then the crosswind stability of the structure is analyzed. Results shows that the vortex shedding mainly occurs in the cylindrical structure, while there is no obvious vortex shedding in the spherical structure and the natural frequency of the artificial moon is much higher than the vortex shedding frequency. There are 3 low-speed regions at different heights on the central section. The lowest velocity appears at the lower part of the leeward side of the spherical structure, and there is even a backflow phenomenon, resultsing in a local vortex. Under the same Reynolds number, Karman vortex street is more likely to appear in cylindrical structure than in spherical structure. In addition, as the Reynolds number increases from 8.1×105 to 1.6×107, except to the increase in overall wind velocity, the characteristics of flow around structure at the rear of the building change little under steady-state condition. The natural frequency of the artificial moon is much higher than the vortex shedding frequency. It means that the crosswind stability of the artificial moon investigated is satisfactory.
ReLU artificial neural networks for the grid adaptation in finite element method
Authors: Fu Xuemei , Chen Luoping , Wu Fanyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the rectified linear unit (ReLU) artificial neural network (ANN) for grid adaptation in finite element method, which is used for solving differential equations (DEs) with initial/boundary condition. Compared with the classical adaptive finite element method (AFEM), ReLU ANN based on finite element method can keep the number of grid-points constant but change their relative location. Our numerical experiments show that approximate solutions obtained from the classical finite element method by ReLU ANN are more accurate than those obtained by AFEM.