bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in Bio‐Based Phenolic Foams: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Sarika P. R. , Nancarrow Paul , Khansaheb Abdulrahman , Ibrahim Taleb 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhenolic foams are widely used as insulation materials in construction, transportation, and spacecraft industries due to their flame retardancy, thermal stability, low toxicity, and low smoke generation. However, these foams are typically produced from non‐renewable resources. With increasing environmental pollution, volatility in petrochemical prices, and depletion of petroleum resources, the demand for polymeric materials produced from renewable resources is ever‐increasing. Numerous recent studies have introduced biomass as an alternative resource for petroleum‐based raw materials for producing phenolic foams. In addition to their environmental benefits, bio‐based phenolic foams exhibit properties similar or even superior to traditional phenolic foams. In this review, traditional phenolic foams are discussed. Recent progresses on synthesis of foams from bio‐based resources, modification of the bio‐alternatives, performance enhancements, and comparison with traditional phenolic foams are outlined. Challenges and methods to further improve performance characteristics of bio‐based phenolic foams and their expanding range of applications are highlighted.
Regulated lytic cell death in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Mingcheng , Wang Lirong , Xia Xiaojing , Wu Yundi , Zhu Chunling , Duan Mingyuan , Wei Xiaobing , Hu Jianhe , Lei Liancheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is a very common cancer among women and one of the primary causes of death in women worldwide. Because BC has different molecular subtypes, the challenges associated with targeted therapy have increased significantly, and the identification of new therapeutic targets has become increasingly urgent. Blocking apoptosis and inhibiting cell death are important characteristics of malignant tumours, including BC. Under adverse conditions, including exposure to antitumour therapy, inhibition of cell death programmes can promote cancerous transformation and the survival of cancer cells. Therefore, inducing cell death in cancer cells is fundamentally important and provides new opportunities for potential therapeutic interventions. Lytic forms of cell death, primarily pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis, are different from apoptosis owing to their characteristic lysis, that is, the production of cellular components, to guide beneficial immune responses, and the application of lytic cell death (LCD) in the field of tumour therapy has attracted considerable interest from researchers. The latest clinical research results confirm that lytic death signalling cascades involve the BC cell immune response and resistance to therapies used in clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the various forms of LCD, placing a special emphasis on signalling pathways and their implications in BC, which may facilitate the development of novel and optimal strategies for the clinical treatment of BC.
Perforated jejunal diverticulitis with extensive diverticulosis: A case report
Authors: Hadrich Zied , Ben Ameur Hazem , Masmoudi Abderrahmen , Zouari Amine , Boujelben Salah , Mzali Rafik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJejunal diverticulitis is a rare condition that almost occurs in the elderly. An extensive diverticulosis associated is exceptional and can make the treatment more challenging.
Titanosilicate Epoxidation Catalysts: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Smeets Valentin , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Debecker Damien P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEpoxidation reactions are tremendously important for modern chemistry, as they lead to series of highly useful bulk and fine chemicals, monomers, and intermediates for organic synthesis. Progress in epoxidation processes goes hand in hand with the advancement made in catalysis science. In this context, heterogeneous catalysts, and particularly Ti‐based formulations, are playing a central role and have seen tremendous developments over the past two decades, leveraging on advanced materials science. The aim of this review is to illustrate the various strategies of titanosilicate catalysts preparation that can lead to more versatile, more performant, and greener epoxidation processes. We successively cover (i) supported catalysts, obtained by the grafting of Ti species onto preformed silica supports, (ii) microporous crystalline titanosilicates (zeolites), and (iii) amorphous titanosilicates obtained by sol‐gel chemistry. For each category, with an emphasis on catalyst preparation, the challenges that have to be tackled to boost catalyst performance are highlighted. From that point, we present a critical review of the different approaches that have been proposed in the primary literature to tailor the properties that govern catalysts performance (activity, selectivity, stability, ease of handling). This is done by better controlling the nature of the active surface species, adapting particles size and shape, optimizing texture, modifying surface chemistry, etc. These lines of attack encompass molecular approaches for the grafting of well‐defined species, top‐down and bottom‐up synthesis of hierarchically porous zeolites, advanced sol‐gel routes potentially performed in non‐conventional media or coupled with original processing, preparation of self‐standing monoliths, etc. Future research directions are discussed with emphasis on the application scope of new catalytic materials and possible approaches to increase catalyst performance.
Morphology Engineering of Fullerene (C60) Microstructures Featuring Surface Cracks with Enhanced Photoluminescence and Microscopic Recognition Properties
Authors: Chen Ning , Shen Yanglin , Xu Ting , Shen Wangqiang , Lu Xing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSurface cracks could improve the optical and photoelectronic properties of crystalline materials as they increase specific surface area, but the controlled self‐assembly of fullerene (C60) molecules into micro‐/nanostructures with surface cracks is still challenging. Herein, we report the morphology engineering of novel C60microstructures bearing surface cracks for the first time, selecting phenetole and propan‐1‐ol (NPA) as good and poor solvents, respectively. Our systematic investigations reveal that phenetole molecules initially participate in the formation of the ends of the C60microstructures, and then NPA molecules are involved in the gradual growth of the sidewalls of the microstructures. Therefore, the surface cracks of C60microstructures can be finely regulated by adjusting the addition of NPA and the crystallization time. Interestingly, the cracked C60microstructures show superior photoluminescence properties relative to the smooth microstructures due to the increased specific surface area. In addition, C60microstructures with wide cracks show preferential recognition of silica particles over C60particles owing to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged C60microstructures and the positively charged silica microparticles. These C60crystals with surface cracks have potential applications from optoelectronics to biology.
Association of mental health diagnosis with race and all‐cause mortality after a cancer diagnosis: Large‐scale analysis of electronic health record data
Authors: Chen William C. , Boreta Lauren , Braunstein Steve E. , Rabow Michael W. , Kaplan Lawrence E. , Tenenbaum Jessica D. , Morin Olivier , Park Catherine C. , Hong Julian C. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDisparity in mental health care among cancer patients remains understudied.MethodsA large, retrospective, single tertiary‐care institution cohort study was conducted based on deidentified electronic health record data of 54,852 adult cancer patients without prior mental health diagnosis (MHD) diagnosed at the University of California, San Francisco between January 2012 and September 2019. The exposure of interest was early‐onset MHD with or without psychotropic medication (PM) within 12 months of cancer diagnosis and primary outcome was all‐cause mortality.ResultsThere were 8.2% of patients who received a new MHD at a median of 197 days (interquartile range, 61‐553) after incident cancer diagnosis; 31.0% received a PM prescription; and 3.7% a mental health–related visit (MHRV). There were 62.6% of patients who were non‐Hispanic White (NHW), 10.8% were Asian, 9.8% were Hispanic, and 3.8% were Black. Compared with NHWs, minority cancer patients had reduced adjusted odds of MHDs, PM prescriptions, and MHRVs, particularly for generalized anxiety (Asian odds ratio [OR], 0.66, 95% CI, 0.55‐0.78; Black OR, 0.60, 95% CI, 0.45‐0.79; Hispanic OR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.61‐0.85) and selective serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors (Asian OR, 0.43, 95% CI, 0.37‐0.50; Black OR, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.40‐0.61; Hispanic OR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.70‐0.89). New early MHD with PM was associated with elevated all‐cause mortality (12‐24 months: hazard ratio [HR], 1.43, 95% CI, 1.25‐1.64) that waned by 24 to 36 months (HR, 1.18, 95% CI, 0.95‐1.45).ConclusionsNew mental health diagnosis with PM was a marker of early mortality among cancer patients. Minority cancer patients were less likely to receive documentation of MHDs or treatment, which may represent missed opportunities to identify and treat cancer–related mental health conditions.
The HighPerMeshes framework for numerical algorithms on unstructured grids
Authors: Alhaddad Samer , Förstner Jens , Groth Stefan , Grünewald Daniel , Grynko Yevgen , Hannig Frank , Kenter Tobias , Pfreundt Franz‐Josef , Plessl Christian , Schotte Merlind , Steinke Thomas , Teich Jürgen , Weiser Martin , Wende Florian 
Published: September 2021

SummarySolving partial differential equations (PDEs) on unstructured grids is a cornerstone of engineering and scientific computing. Heterogeneous parallel platforms, including CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs, enable energy‐efficient and computationally demanding simulations. In this article, we introduce the HighPerMeshes C++‐embedded domain‐specific language (DSL) that bridges the abstraction gap between the mathematical formulation of mesh‐based algorithms for PDE problems on the one hand and an increasing number of heterogeneous platforms with their different programming models on the other hand. Thus, the HighPerMeshes DSL aims at higher productivity in the code development process for multiple target platforms. We introduce the concepts as well as the basic structure of the HighPerMeshes DSL, and demonstrate its usage with three examples. The mapping of the abstract algorithmic description onto parallel hardware, including distributed memory compute clusters, is presented. A code generator and a matching back end allow the acceleration of HighPerMeshes code with GPUs. Finally, the achievable performance and scalability are demonstrated for different example problems.
A Useful and Sustainable Role for N‐of‐1 Trials in the Healthcare Ecosystem
Authors: Selker Harry P. , Cohen Theodora , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Dere Willard H. , Ghaemi S. Nassir , Honig Peter K. , Kaitin Kenneth I. , Kaplan Heather C. , Kravitz Richard L. , Larholt Kay , McElwee Newell E. , Oye Kenneth A. , Palm Marisha E. , Perfetto Eleanor , Ramanathan Chandra , Schmid Christopher H. , Seyfert‐Margolis Vicki , Trusheim Mark , Eichler Hans‐Georg 
Published: September 2021

Clinicians and patients often try a treatment for an initial period to inform longer‐term therapeutic decisions. A more rigorous approach involves N‐of‐1 trials. In these single‐patient crossover trials, typically conducted in patients with chronic conditions, individual patients are given candidate treatments in a double‐blinded, random sequence of alternating periods to determine the most effective treatment for that patient. However, to date, these trials are rarely done outside of research settings and have not been integrated into general care where they could offer substantial benefit. Designating this classical, N‐of‐1 trial design as type 1, there also are new and evolving uses of N‐of‐1 trials that we designate as type 2. In these, rather than focusing on optimizing treatment for chronic diseases when multiple approved choices are available, as is typical of type 1, a type 2 N‐of‐1 trial tests treatments designed specifically for a patient with a rare disease, to facilitate personalized medicine. While the aims differ, both types face the challenge of collecting individual‐patient evidence using standard, trusted, widely accepted methods. To fulfill their potential for producing both clinical and research benefits, and to be available for wide use, N‐of‐1 trials will have to fit into the current healthcare ecosystem. This will require generalizable and accepted processes, platforms, methods, and standards. This also will require sustainable value‐based arrangements among key stakeholders. In this article, we review opportunities, stakeholders, issues, and possible approaches that could support general use of N‐of‐1 trials and deliver benefit to patients and the healthcare enterprise. To assess and expand the benefits of N‐of‐1 trials, we propose multistakeholder meetings, workshops, and the generation of methods, standards, and platforms that would support wider availability and the value of N‐of‐1 trials.
PeacoQC: Peak‐based selection of high quality cytometry data
Authors: Emmaneel Annelies , Quintelier Katrien , Sichien Dorine , Rybakowska Paulina , Marañón Concepción , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. , Van Isterdael Gert , Van Gassen Sofie , Saeys Yvan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn cytometry analysis, a large number of markers is measured for thousands or millions of cells, resulting in high‐dimensional datasets. During the measurement of these samples, erroneous events can occur such as clogs, speed changes, slow uptake of the sample etc., which can influence the downstream analysis and can even lead to false discoveries. As these issues can be difficult to detect manually, an automated approach is recommended. In order to filter these erroneous events out, we created a novel quality control algorithm, Peak Extraction And Cleaning Oriented Quality Control (PeacoQC), that allows for automated cleaning of cytometry data. The algorithm will determine density peaks per channel on which it will remove low quality events based on their position in the isolation tree and on their mean absolute deviation distance to these density peaks. To evaluate PeacoQC's cleaning capability, it was compared to three other existing quality control algorithms (flowAI, flowClean and flowCut) on a wide variety of datasets. In comparison to the other algorithms, PeacoQC was able to filter out all different types of anomalies in flow, mass and spectral cytometry data, while the other methods struggled with at least one type. In the quantitative comparison, PeacoQC obtained the highest median balanced accuracy and a similar running time compared to the other algorithms while having a better scalability for large files. To ensure that the parameters chosen in the PeacoQC algorithm are robust, the cleaning tool was run on 16 public datasets. After inspection, only one sample was found where the parameters should be further optimized. The other 15 datasets were analyzed correctly indicating a robust parameter choice. Overall, we present a fast and accurate quality control algorithm that outperforms existing tools and ensures high‐quality data that can be used for further downstream analysis. An R implementation is available.
The predictive power of pollination syndromes: Passerine pollination in heterantherous Meriania macrophylla (Benth.) Triana (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Valverde‐Espinoza José Miguel , Chacón‐Madrigal Eduardo , Alvarado‐Rodríguez Olman , Dellinger Agnes S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe cloud forest species Meriania macrophylla (Benth.) Triana has pseudocampanulate flowers with bulbous stamen appendages, typical for the passerine pollination syndrome found in the Melastomataceae tribe Merianieae. The species is further characterized by strong stamen dimorphism (heteranthery), a condition otherwise associated with pollen‐rewarding bee‐pollinated species (both in Melastomataceae and beyond). In passerine‐pollinated Merianieae, however, flowers usually only show weak stamen dimorphism. Here, we conducted field and laboratory investigations to determine the pollinators of M. macrophylla and assess the potential role of strong heteranthery in this species. Our field observations in Costa Rica confirmed syndrome predictions and indeed proved pollination by passerine birds in M. macrophylla. The large bulbous set of stamens functions as a food‐body reward to the pollinating birds, and as trigger for pollen release (bellows mechanism) as typical for the passerine syndrome in Merianieae. In contrast to other passerine‐pollinated Merianieae, the second set of stamens has seemingly lost its rewarding and pollination function, however. Our results demonstrate the utility of the pollination syndrome concept even in light of potentially misleading traits such as strong heteranthery.
MPeat—A fully coupled mechanical‐ecohydrological model of peatland development
Authors: Mahdiyasa Adilan W. , Large David J. , Muljadi Bagus P. , Icardi Matteo , Triantafyllou Savvas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMathematical models of long‐term peatland development have been produced to analyse peatland behaviour. However, existing models ignore the mechanical processes that have the potential to provide important feedback. Here, we propose a one‐dimensional model, MPeat, that couples mechanical, ecological and hydrological processes via poroelasticity theory, which couples fluid flow and solid deformation. Poroelasticity formulation in the MPeat is divided into two categories, fully saturated and unsaturated. To validate this formulation, we compare numerical solutions of the fully saturated case with analytical solutions of Terzaghi's problem. Two groups of MPeat simulations are run over 6,000 years using constant and variable climate, and the results are compared to those of two other peat growth models, DigiBog and the Holocene Peat Model. Under both climatic conditions, MPeat generates the expected changes in bulk density, active porosity and hydraulic conductivity at the transition from the unsaturated to the saturated zone. The range of values of peat physical properties simulated by MPeat shows good agreement with field measurement, indicating plausible outputs of the proposed model. Compared to the other peat growth models, the results generated by MPeat illustrate the importance of poroelasticity to the behaviour of peatland. In particular, the inclusion of poroelasticity produces shallower water table depth, accumulates greater quantities of carbon and buffers the effect of climate changes on water table depth and carbon accumulation rates. These results illustrate the importance of mechanical feedbacks on peatland ecohydrology and carbon stock resilience.
Variable responses of carbon and nitrogen contents in vegetation and soil to herbivory and warming in high‐Arctic tundra
Authors: Petit Bon Matteo , Böhner Hanna , BrÅthen Kari Anne , Ravolainen Virve Tuulia , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemical responses of tundra vegetation and tundra soil to environmental changes are likely to differ, with implications for ecosystem functioning, yet they are rarely compared. Here, we aimed at comparing sensitivity and magnitude of short‐term carbon and nitrogen responses of three main tundra ecosystem compartments: vascular plants, mosses, and soil, to two environmental perturbations: herbivore disturbance and warming. In a full‐factorial field experiment in the high‐Arctic Svalbard, we simulated herbivore disturbance as spring grubbing activity by pink‐footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) and passively increased summer temperatures using open‐top chambers. Manipulations were set up within three habitats that differ in soil moisture and carried out for two consecutive growing seasons. Overall, we found small and few significant responses to herbivore disturbance and warming, suggesting that carbon and nitrogen contents of high‐Arctic ecosystems are relatively resistant to these perturbations, at least in the short term. However, the three ecosystem compartments still differed in their sensitivity to perturbations (vascular plants > soil > mosses), and this was exacerbated by their differential sensitivity across habitats (mesic > moist > wet). Also, while vascular plants responded to herbivore disturbance in mesic and wet habitats and to warming in mesic and moist habitats, soil and mosses only responded to herbivore disturbance in mesic and wet habitats, respectively. Responses to treatments were generally consistent across the two growing seasons, despite great differences in temperature conditions and large between‐year variations in the chemical composition of the three ecosystem compartments. These findings highlight the potential for environmental perturbations to have small, yet differential short‐term impacts on the carbon and nitrogen contents of vascular plants, mosses, and soil, both within and between tundra habitats. Our results imply that assessments of a single ecosystem compartment in a given context cannot be extrapolated to the whole ecosystem, thus stressing the importance of considering both vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen responses, and how they display across habitats, in order to better understand how environmental changes might affect biogeochemical processes in the tundra. Longer‐term studies should dig deeper into the relative role of (simulated) global change drivers vs. natural inter‐annual climatic fluctuations for tundra ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics.
Breeding dispersal in a resident boreal passerine can lead to short‐ and long‐term fitness benefits
Authors: Fuirst Matthew , Strickland Dan , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhether an individual disperses or remains site‐faithful between breeding seasons can have important impacts on individual fitness and population dynamics. While several studies have identified factors influencing the probability of breeding dispersal, the consequences of dispersal are much less certain, particularly over an individual’s lifetime. Here, we use 81 cases (13 paired and 55 single dispersals) of breeding dispersal across 55 yr of breeding and re‐sighting data from an individually marked population of Canada jays (Perisoreus canadensis) at the southern edge of their range in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario to determine both the short‐ (year after dispersal) and long‐term (lifetime) consequences of breeding dispersal. In the year following dispersal, adults had larger brood sizes and higher nest success compared to the year prior to dispersal. However, when adults dispersed during the fall/winter, they had significantly later lay dates and lower rates of nest success than adults that dispersed during the summer. Additionally, most breeders dispersed to territories of higher quality and individuals that dispersed to a territory of lesser quality experienced lower rates of nest success. Importantly, individuals that dispersed at least once in their lifetime produced an average of 2.7 more young and recruited an average of 0.9 more juveniles into the population compared to individuals that remained site‐faithful. Our study provides rare evidence of both the short‐ and long‐term benefits of breeding dispersal in Canada jays and demonstrates how the timing of dispersal can also have consequences for individual reproductive performance.