bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Dose Study Assessing the Pharmacokinetic and Metabolic Profile of Alverine Citrate in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Rizea-Savu Simona , Duna Simona Nicoleta , Sandulovici Roxana Colette 
Published: January 2021

Alverine citrate is a spasmolytic commonly prescribed in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, painful diverticular disease of the colon, and primary dysmenorrhea. While clinical efficacy data on alverine alone or in combination with simethicone is freely available, surprisingly little information regarding the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of alverine can be found in literature. The first HPLC-MS/MS analytical protocol for determination of alverine parent, 4-hydroxy alverine, N-desethyl alverine and 4-hydroxy alverine glucuronide in human plasma was developed and validated. The two validated methods were used for analyzing plasma samples collected during an open label, non-comparative, single dose, one-period, one-treatment, pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile study of Spasmonal® Forte 120 mg hard capsule, conducted in 12 fasting healthy male and female volunteers of Caucasian descent. The study confirmed previous suspicions that parent alverine is subject to high pharmacokinetic variability and also revealed that the metabolic process most susceptible to outlying performance in Caucasians is hydroxylation to the active metabolite 4-hydroxy alverine. Another interesting observation made is that alverine parent accounts for only 3%, whereas total 4-hydroxy alverine (free and conjugated) accounts for 94% of alverine-related moieties in circulation (based on comparisons of total exposure).
Evaluation of a Family-Based Intervention Program for Children of Mentally Ill Parents: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Filter Bonnie , Busmann Mareike , Kilian Reinhold , Kronmüller Klaus-Thomas , Lambert Martin , Norra Christine , von Klitzing Kai , Albermann Kurt , Winter Sibylle Maria , Daubmann Anne , Wegscheider Karl , Plass-Christl Angela 
Published: January 2021

Background: Children of mentally ill parents have a three to seven times higher risk of developing mental disorders compared to the general population. For this high-risk group, specialized prevention and intervention programs have already been developed. However, there has been insufficient sytematic evaluation to date. Moreover, effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness data of the respective programs until today is very scarce and at the same time constitutes the pre-condition for the program's implementation into regular health care.Methods: The study consists of a two-group randomized controlled multicenter trial conducted at seven study sites throughout Germany and Switzerland. Participants are families with mentally ill parents and their children aged from 3 to 19 years. The intervention comprises 6 to 8 semi-structured sessions over a period of about 6 months. Topics discussed in the intervention include parental mental illness, coping, family relations and social support. Families in the control condition will receive treatment as usual. The children's mental health, assessed using the K-SADS-PL by blinded external raters will constitute the primary efficacy outcome. Further outcomes will be assessed from the parents' as well as from the children's perspectives. Participants are investigated at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline assessment. In addition to the assessment of various psychosocial outcomes, a comprehensive health-economic evaluation will be performed.Discussion: This paper describes the evaluation of a family-based intervention program for children of mentally ill parents (CHIMPs) in the regular health care system in Germany and Switzerland. A methodically sophisticated study design has been developed to reflect the complexity of the actual health care situation. This trial will contribute to the regular health care for the high-risk group of children of mentally ill parents.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02308462; German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00006806.
The Temporal Associations of Therapeutic Alliance and Manual Adherence With Depressive Symptom Change in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adult Outpatient Major Depression
Authors: Don Frank J. , Driessen Ellen , Peen Jaap , Spijker Jan , DeRubeis Robert J. , Blankers Matthijs , Dekker Jack J. M. 
Published: January 2021

Background: The therapeutic alliance is considered an important causal agent of psychotherapy efficacy. However, studies in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression have suggested that alliance might be more of a consequence rather than a cause of depressive symptom change, while adherence to CBT specific techniques was found to be associated with subsequent depression change. We aimed to add to this body of literature by assessing the temporal associations of both therapeutic alliance and manual adherence with depressive symptom change in a relatively large sample of depressed adult outpatients over the full course of CBT.Methods: Adults with a major depressive episode (n = 98) participating in a randomized clinical trial were offered 22 weeks of CBT and rated the Penn Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq-I) at weeks 5 and 22. Therapists rated their adherence to the CBT manual after each session and observers assessed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores at weeks 0, 5, 10, and 22. Linear mixed model analyses were used to assess the associations of alliance and adherence with prior and subsequent depression change.Results: HAq-I Relationship and manual adherence ratings were not significantly associated with prior nor with subsequent depression change (p &gt; 0.14). Prior depression change was associated with the HAq-I subscale Perceived helpfulness at the end of treatment (r = 0.30, CI = 0.03–0.56, p = 0.03).Conclusion: We were not able to replicate prior depression change in CBT for depression to be associated with improved quality of the therapeutic alliance when using a more “pure” measure of the therapeutic relationship. Limitations of this study include the subjective alliance and adherence assessments. Our findings indicate the need to appropriately distinguish between the perceived helpfulness and the relationship factors when examining therapeutic alliance.
Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ou Wenwen , Li Zhijun , Zheng Qi , Chen Wentao , Liu Jin , Liu Bangshan , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2021

Background: Previous studies have indicated that childhood maltreatment (CM) may potentially influence the clinical symptomatology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to quantify the relationship between CM and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and depressive symptoms in OCD through a meta-analysis.Method: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycARTICLES databases for articles reporting the association between CM and OCD on April 15, 2020. Random-effect models were used to quantify the relationship between CM and the severity of OCS and depressive symptoms in OCD.Results: Ten records with 1,611 OCD patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed that CM is positively correlated with the severity of OCS [r = 0.10, 95%Confidence Interval (CI): 0.01–0.19, P = 0.04] as well as depressive symptoms in OCD (r = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.07–0.24, P = 0.0002). For the subtypes of CM, childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was related with the severity of OCS (r = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.03–0.19, P = 0.009) and obsession (r = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.03–0.23, P = 0.01), respectively.Conclusion: Our meta-analysis indicates that OCD patients who suffered more CM may exhibit more severe OCS and depressive symptoms.
Perceptions, Experiences, and Challenges of Physicians Involved in Dementia Care During the COVID-19 Lockdown in India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Banerjee Debanjan , Vajawat Bhavika , Varshney Prateek , Rao TS Sathyanarayana 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: With 5.3 million people living with dementia in India and the pandemic wreaking havoc, dementia care has faced unique challenges during the outbreak, with reduced healthcare access, travel restriction, long-term lockdown and fear of hospitalization. We explored the experiences and barriers faced by the physicians involved in dementia care during the lockdown period.Methods: A qualitative approach was used with purposive sampling. After an initial pilot, 148 physicians were included in the study. They were virtually interviewed in-depth based on a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire, in areas related to tele-consultations, attributes related to dementia care, challenges faced and way forward. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed using Nvivo-10 software. Triangulation, peer debriefing and respondent validation were used to ensure rigor.Results: The overarching categories that emerged were “Tele-medicine as the future of dementia care in India,” “people living with dementia being uniquely susceptible to the pandemic with a triple burden of: age, ageism and lack of autonomy” and “markedly reduced healthcare access in this population with significant mental health burden of caregivers.” The experiences of the physicians were categorized into their challenges during the lockdown period and perceptions related to specific facets of dementia care during the crisis. The general physicians expressed special “unmet needs” of dementia-specific training and specialist collaboration. Most of the participants perceived ambiguity related to the newly released telepsychiatry guidelines.Conclusion: Resource constraints and pandemic burden are currently high. This study looks at the “voices” of those actively providing dementia care during the ongoing crisis and to the best of our knowledge, is the first one from India to do so. Concurring with their experiences, PwD and their families are exposed to multiple vulnerabilities during COVID-19, need tailored care, especially at the primary healthcare level which includes general physicians. These relevant “voices” are discussed in light of the new tele-psychiatry guidelines and further optimization of dementia care in an aging India.
Prediction of Simulated 1,000 m Kayak Ergometer Performance in Young Athletes
Authors: Coelho André B. , Nakamura Fábio Y. , Morgado Micaela C. , Alves Francisco , Di Baldassarre Angela , Flatt Andrew , Rama Luis 
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to develop a predictive explanatory model for the 1,000-m time-trial (TT) performance in young national-level kayakers, from biomechanical and physiological parameters assessed in a maximal graded exercise test (GXT). Twelve young male flat-water kayakers (age 16.1 ± 1.1 years) participated in the study. The design consisted of 2 exercise protocols, separated by 48 h, on a kayak ergometer. The first protocol consisted of a GXT starting at 8 km.h−1 with increments in speed of 1 km.h−1 at each 2-min interval until exhaustion. The second protocol comprised the 1,000-m TT.Results: In the GXT, they reached an absolute V∙O2max of 3.5 ± 0.7 (L.min−1), a maximum aerobic power (MAP) of 138.5 ± 24.5 watts (W) and a maximum aerobic speed (MAS) of 12.8 ± 0.5 km/h. The TT had a mean duration of 292.3 ± 15 s, a power output of 132.6 ± 22.0 W and a V∙O2max of 3.5 ± 0.6 (L.min−1). The regression model [TT (s) = 413.378–0.433 × (MAP)−0.554 × (stroke rate at MAP)] presented an R2 = 84.5%.Conclusion: It was found that V∙O2max, stroke distance and stroke rate during the GXT were not different from the corresponding variables (V∙O2peak, stroke distance and stroke rate) observed during the TT. The MAP and the corresponding stroke rate were strong predicting factors of 1,000 m TT performance. In conclusion, the TT can be useful for quantifying biomechanical parameters (stroke distance and stroke rate) and to monitor training induced changes in the cardiorespiratory fitness (V∙O2max).
Smartband Use During Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Facilitates Inpatient Recuperation Following Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Yin Tzu-Chieh , Huang Ching-Wen , Tsai Hsiang-Lin , Su Wei-Chih , Ma Cheng-Jen , Chang Tsung-Kun , Wang Jaw-Yuan 
Published: January 2021

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is valuable in perioperative care for its ability to improve short-term surgical outcomes and facilitate patient recuperation after major surgery. Early postoperative mobilization is a vital component of the integrated care pathway and is a factor strongly associated with successful outcomes. However, early mobilization still has various definitions and lacks specific strategies.Methods: Patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer followed our perioperative ERAS program, including mobilization from the first postoperative day. After perioperative care skills were improved in our well-established program, compliance, inpatient surgical outcomes, and complications associated with adding smartband use were evaluated and compared with the outcomes for standard protocol. Quality of recovery was evaluated using patient-rated QoR-40 questionnaires the day before surgery, on postoperative days 1 and 3, and on the day of discharge.Results: Smartband use after minimally invasive colorectal surgery failed to increase compliance with early mobilization or reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications significantly compared with standard ERAS protocol. However, when smartbands were utilized, quality of recovery was optimized and patients returned to their preoperative status earlier, at postoperative day 3. The length of hospital stay, as defined by discharge criteria, and hospital stay of patients without complications was reduced by 1.1 and 0.9 days, respectively (P = 0.009 and 0.049, respectively).Conclusions: Smartbands enable enhanced communication between patients and surgical teams and strengthen self-management in patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal resection surgery. Accelerated recovery to preoperative functional status can be facilitated by integrating smartbands into the process of early mobilization during ERAS.
Primary open-angle glaucoma with retinal vein occlusion: a retrospective case series
Authors: Ramli Muhamad Amin , Che Mat Sarah Murniati , Yaakub Azhany , Zunaina Embong , Ahmad Tajudin Liza Sharmini 
Published: January 2021

Glaucoma is a known risk factor for retinal vein occlusion (RVO). There are many reported studies among primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with RVO in Caucasians. Our objective was to report the natural course of RVO in Asian patients with POAG.
A retrospective record review was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 involving five POAG patients who developed RVO while attending regular follow-up at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia glaucoma clinic (Malaysia). Three readings of intraocular pressure (IOP) were taken as pre-RVO IOP. IOP at presentation of RVO was also recorded. Clinical data including RVO management and complications were documented.
All POAG patients were at the severe and end stage of the disease. None of them achieved target pressure. Median IOP at presentation was 26 ± 3.8 mmHg (SD) and the majority were asymptomatic. Systemic hypertension was present in all patients. There was deterioration of visual acuity and increased number topical medication post RVO presentation. Vigilant monitoring of IOP is important in POAG patients with systemic hypertension to prevent RVO, given that RVO in POAG is like robbing someone blind twice.
ملحقات الموازنة العامة
Authors: الصالحي بان صلاح 
Published: January 2021

من الامور المألوفة في مضمون الموازنات العامة بيان النفقات والايرادات
المرتقبة للدولة وذلك للسنة القادمة، فتشمل مقادير وارقام الايردات المتوقع
الحصول عليها والمبالغ المتوقع انفاقها ضمن تقسيمات متنوعة كالتقسيم الاداري
او الوظيفي وايراد بعض القواعد العامة لتسهيل تطبيق وتنفيذ الموازنة العامة.
الا انه من غير المألوف ان يرد في صلب الموازنة العامة نصوصا لقوانين
وتعديلات لقوانين اخرى.
أي تتحول الموازنة العامة الى وسيلة او أداة لإيراد تعديلات على تشريعات
قائمة بالفعل.
هنا يتبادر الى الذهن عدة تسأؤلات حول هذه طبيعة التعديلات او الملحقات؟
ولماذا يتم اللجوء الى هذه الطريقة؟ فالمعتاد ان تصدر قوانين خاصة بتعديل أي
قانون، فلماذا الركون الى هذه الوسيلة وتكرار اللجوء اليها بحيث تؤدي في النهاية
الى التخبط في التطبيق.
هذه الطريقة في تضمين الموازنة العامة يندر اللجوء اليها بشكل عام، فهل
يوجد نص دستوري يبيح هذا الاسلوب او يحدد اجراءه؟ او يحدد خطوات اتباعه.
ام تم اتخاذه طريقة جديدة في تشريع القوانين وتعديلها، كأسلوب مستحدث.
ولكن اين يمكن للباحث والمطبق للقانون والمستفيد منه الرجوع الى هذه
النصوص، فأذا اراد ذلك فعليه ان يبحث في الموازنات العامة وهكذا لكل سنة
وبالتالي يظهر ما يثير الصعوبات والاستفهامات العديدة.
منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون دراسة في إطار القانون الدولي
Authors: كاظم محمد حسين 
Published: January 2021

إن منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون –(Shanghai Cooperation Organization SCO) هي منظمة دولية إقليمية حكومية فريدة من نوعها أُسست من قبل الصين،
روسيا، كازاخستان، قرغيزستان، طاجيكستان وأوزبكستان بمدينة شنغهاي
الصينية في 51 حزيران 1005 . تتجاوز مساحة الدول الأعضاء للمنظمة حالياً
00 مليون و 581 ألف كيلومترمربع أي ما يساوي ثلاثة أخماس مساحة قارتي
أوروبا وآسيا، ويبلغ عدد سكان الدول الأعضاء فيها نحو نصف تعداد سكان العالم.
لها مقريين دائميين هما مقرالأمانة العامة للمنظمة في العاصمة الصينية بيجين
ومقر جهازمكافحة الإرهاب الإقليمي في العاصمة الأوزبكية طشقند. تهدف
المنظمة إلى تحقيق التعاون في المجال السياسي والأمني والإقتصادي والتجاري
والثقافي وشبكات النقل والطاقة وكذلك تبنيها العديد من الستراتيجيات لحل مشاكل
الحدود ومكافحة الإرهاب والمخدرات، فالمنظمة منذ تأسيسها قبل عقد من الزمن
إلى الوقت الحاضر تسعى إلى الحفاظ على السلم والأمن الإقليمي وإلى تعزيز
السلم والأمن الدولي، حيث حققت إنجازات ملحوظه في إستتباب الأمن والتعاون
في كافة المجالات الأُخرى.
وبسبب الأهمية المتزايدة لهذا الموضوع وما يثيره من إشكاليات تتعلق
بالعضوية وآلية إتخإذ القرارارت ولعدم وجود دراسة معمقة حول المنظمة حيث
إن معظم الدراسات السابقة تركز على المُراقبة والوصف والتقييم وغيرها من
الظواهر السطحية للمنظمة على إعتبار إنها تطبيقا سياسياً دوليا فحسب. من هذا
المنطلق آليتُ إلاّ أن أبحثه من خلال التركيز على النظام القانوني والهيكل
التنظيمي للمنظمة التي يجري العمل فيها بشكل تدريجي في خضم عملية بناء
المنظمة، لغرض المساهمة في إزالة ما يكتنفه من غموض، مسترشداً في ذلك
بميثاق المنظمة والإتفاقيات الملحقة به ومقارنتها بغيرها من المنظمات الدولية
للوصول إلى إجراء دراسة قانونية شاملة للمنظمة.
ومن أجل الإحاطة به فقد إقتضت طبيعة الدراسة تقسيمه على ستة مباحث
كُرس الأول للتطور التأريخي لتأسيس المنظمة، وتناول الثاني أهداف ومبادئ
المنظمة، وخُصص الثالث للشخصية القانونية للمنظمة، وركز الرابع على
العضوية في المنظمة، وتطرق الخامس للهيكل التنظيمي للمنظمة، وإستعرض
السادس قرارات المنظمة. ولا ريب فأن هناك خاتمة تعقب جميع ما سيتم بحثه
تتضمن ما يتوصل إليه من إستنتاجات ومقترحات، وأخيراً نسأل الله التوفيق في
ذلك.
المحكمة الجنائية الدولية والموقف في العراق
Authors: محمود رعد سعدون 
Published: January 2021

يتناول البحث الموقف في العراق، وما يتصل بذلك من جرائم دولية مرتكبة
في الأقليم العراقي، ومدى أختصاص المحاكم العراقية الوطنية بنظر تلك الجرائم
ومحاسبة المسؤولين عنها، وبيان أختصاص المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، والدور
الذي يمكن أن تضطلع به في سبيل تحقيق العدالة.
تسلم مكتب المدعي العام ماينيف عن ) 404 ( جهات اتصال تخص الوضع
في العراق وهذه الشكاوى وردت من مواطنين ومنظمات تعبر عن قلقهم حيال
العمليات الحربية وما رافقها من خسائر بشرية.
قام مكتب المدعي العام في البداية بتحليل المعلومات الواردة إليه في ضوء
الوقائع والأدلة المتوفرة والتي حصل عليها من مصادر مختلفة، كوسائل الأعلام
الحكومية وغير الحكومية والمنظمات ومنها: منظمة العفو الدولية، وهيومن
رايتس ووتش، والإحصاءات المقدمة من السلطات العراقية، وبعض المنظمات
الإسبانية التي عارضت الحرب على العراق، ليقرر مدى توفر اختصاص
المحكمة ومقبولية الدعوى ومتطلبات الخطورة والتكامل ومصالح العدالة، ويقدم
تقريراً أما بعدم اختصاص المحكمة، أو الاستمرار في الإجراءات وعرض
المعلومات على قضاة الدائرة التمهيدية؛ ليتخذوا القرار المناسب، وسنبحث ذلك
في سياق البحث.
International Commercial Arbitration and the Possible Application Thereof in Iraq
Authors: الموسوي علي فوزي 
Published: January 2021

International commercial arbitration is a special judicial system based primarily on an agreement, be it an arbitration clause or an arbitration agreement (compromise), between
parties to a dispute. It is therefore a system aiming at settling commercial disputes by submitting them to a single arbitrator, or an arbitral panel, or an arbitral tribunal (e. g. , the
International Court of Arbitration). It is therefore also a means for settling an existing or future dispute that entails refraining from resorting to the competent judiciary. It is also
an extra – judicial action aiming at establishing justice between people. The aim of arbitration is to bring justice to parties in conflict, but it is also designed to preserve peace
among them, by providing solutions that are deemed satisfactory by each party, and through direct confrontation. It is a technical means for peaceful cooperation between
countries with different systems. Resorting to international commercial arbitration is intended to solve a dispute based on a desire for reconciliation, to thereby avoid private
retribution, without waiving the protection of the law, although it does entail waiver of state judges’ jurisdiction to rule over the dispute, since the parties choose their own
judge.
This type of Arbitration is called “international” if it relates to international commercial interests. Arbitration is also used in other areas, e. g. , personal status and tribal arbitration
in Iraq. However, our study concentrates on international commercial arbitration and the possible application thereof in Iraq.
مبدأ حسن النية في العقود في القانون الانكليزي بين الرفض والقبول
Authors: علي كاظم كريم 
Published: January 2021

ناقشنا في هذا البحث مبدأ حسن النية في قانون العقود الانكليزي من خلال تحليل القرارات القضائية المختلفة الصادرة بهذا الشأن واراء الفقهاء، وتقييم فما اذا كان حسن النية هو مبدأ عام في قانون العقود الانكليزي من عدمه، فوجدنا ان هنالك عداء تقليدي من جانب القضاء الانكليزي لمبدأ حسن النية في العقود وخاصة التجارية. لكن في السنوات الستة الاخيرة بدأ ينمو اتجاه قضائي مدعوم من جانب بعض الفقه القانوني الانكليزي ينادي بضرورة تبني مبدأ حسن النية في العقود. هذا الاتجاه يحاول تضمنين العقد واجب العمل بحسن النية من خلال نظرية الشروط الضمنية للعقد.
ان المحاولات الاخيرة للقاضي Leggatt والقرارات القضائية الاحقة التي اعتمدت نهجه وان لم تصل لغاية الان لغايتها في تبني القانون الانكليزي مبدأ حسن النية لكن يمكن القول انه من المرجح ان القانون الانكليزي في المستقبل القريب او البعيد سيقبل وجود لمبدأ حسن النية في العقود على الاقل بوصفه شرط ضمني العقود.