bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The scalar chemical potential in cosmological collider physics
Authors: Bodas Arushi , Kumar Soubhik , Sundrum Raman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-analyticity in co-moving momenta within the non-Gaussian bispectrum is a distinctive sign of on-shell particle production during inflation, presenting a unique opportunity for the “direct detection” of particles with masses as large as the inflationary Hubble scale (H). However, the strength of such non-analyticity ordinarily drops exponentially by a Boltzmann-like factor as masses exceed H. In this paper, we study an exception provided by a dimension-5 derivative coupling of the inflaton to heavy-particle currents, applying it specifically to the case of two real scalars. The operator has a “chemical potential” form, which harnesses the large kinetic energy scale of the inflaton, $$ {\overset{\cdot }{\phi}}_0^{1/2}\approx 60H $$

ϕ
⋅

0

1
/
2

≈
60
H
, to act as an efficient source of scalar particle production. Derivative couplings of inflaton ensure radiative stability of the slow-roll potential, which in turn maintains (approximate) scale-invariance of the inflationary correlations. We show that a signal not suffering Boltzmann suppression can be obtained in the bispectrum with strength fNL ∼ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(0.01–10) for an extended range of scalar masses $$ \lesssim {\overset{\cdot }{\phi}}_0^{1/2} $$
≲

ϕ
⋅

0

1
/
2

, potentially as high as 1015 GeV, within the sensitivity of upcoming LSS and more futuristic 21-cm experiments. The mechanism does not invoke any particular fine-tuning of parameters or breakdown of perturbation-theoretic control. The leading contribution appears at tree-level, which makes the calculation analytically tractable and removes the loop-suppression as compared to earlier chemical potential studies of non-zero spins. The steady particle production allows us to infer the effective mass of the heavy particles and the chemical potential from the variation in bispectrum oscillations as a function of co-moving momenta. Our analysis sets the stage for generalization to heavy bosons with non-zero spin.
COVID-19 in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete: Analyse von Pandemiemaßnahmen und prioritäre Bedarfe aus behördlicher Sicht
Authors: Biddle Louise , Jahn Rosa , Perplies Clara , Gold Andreas W. , Rast Eilin , Spura Anke , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete ist für die Wahrung deren körperlicher und psychischer Gesundheit enorm wichtig. Unklar ist, welche Maßnahmen in diesem Setting ergriffen werden, um das Infektionsrisiko zu senken, zusätzliche Stressoren in der Pandemie zu minimieren und über ergriffene Maßnahmen aufzuklären.

Ziel
Situationsanalyse der Maßnahmen, die zur Prävention und Eindämmung des SARS-CoV-2-Virus in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete ergriffen wurden, sowie Identifizierung von Unterstützungsbedarfen der Aufnahmebehörden.

Methoden
Qualitative Interviewstudie mit 48 für die Unterbringung von Geflüchteten zuständigen Ansprechpartner*innen in den Aufnahmebehörden. Einzelinterviews wurden wörtlich transkribiert und mittels Framework-Analyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
In Bezug auf Maßnahmen des Infektionsschutzes, gesundheitlicher Information und Aufklärung, sozialer und gesundheitlicher Angebote, Testung auf SARS-CoV‑2 und Quarantäne zeichnet sich ein heterogenes Bild ab. Zur Abstimmung und Durchführung der Maßnahmen erwies sich eine effektive intersektorale Kooperation als besonders wichtig. Unterstützungsbedarfe bestehen in der Verbesserung der Unterbringung, dem vermehrten Einsatz von Sprachmittler*innen sowie der lokalen Stärkung gesundheitlicher Fachexpertise.

Fazit
Aufgrund der hohen Anzahl an Akteur*innen und der Komplexität von Strukturen und Prozessen übernehmen Aufnahmebehörden ad hoc essenzielle Aufgaben des Infektionsschutzes, für die sie unzureichend aufgestellt sind. Für die Eindämmung der Pandemie sind eine settingspezifische Bündelung fachlicher Empfehlungen und Information auf Bundesebene sowie deren lokale Translation durch die proaktive Einbindung des öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes unabdingbar.
Behandlungssituation der Fournier-Gangrän an deutschen Universitätskliniken – eine nationale Umfrage zur Deskription aktueller Standards und resultierende Implikationen zur Planung einer Registerstudie
Authors: Kranz Jennifer , Wagenlehner Florian M. E. , Steffens Joachim , Hakenberg Oliver W. , Schneidewind Laila 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Fournier-Gangrän (FG) ist ein seltenes, aber lebensbedrohliches Krankheitsbild, dessen Prognose in den letzten Jahren nicht wesentlich verbessert werden konnte.

Ziel der Arbeit
Primäres Studienziel ist die Deskription der Therapiesituation von FG an deutschen Universitätskliniken. Als sekundäres Studienziel sollen Faktoren identifiziert werden, die mit einer erhöhten Letalität assoziiert sind. Außerdem sollen die Daten zur Planung einer Registerstudie dienen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde ein Fragebogen mit 29 Fragen an die Mitglieder des Verbands Universitätsklinika Deutschlands sowie eine 3‑malige Erinnerung zur Studienteilnahme im Zeitraum April bis Juni 2020 versandt. Die Datenverwaltung und statistische Analyse erfolgte mit SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Il, USA).

Ergebnisse
Die Antwortrate betrug 88,9 %. Im Median werden jährlich 5 Patienten mit einem medianen Alter von 60 Jahren an deutschen Universitätsklinika mit der Diagnose FG therapiert. Insgesamt stellt sich die Therapiesituation sehr heterogen dar, insbesondere hinsichtlich der empirischen Erstantibiose. Ein signifikanter Risikofaktor für eine Letalität > 20 % konnte identifiziert werden: Intensivaufenthalt von größer gleich 10 Tagen (p = 0,039). Die Hälfte (50,0 %) der Befragten geben an, dass sich die Prognose der Erkrankung nicht wesentlich verbessert hat. Weiterhin halten viele der Befragten die Letalität für inakzeptabel hoch, daher befürworten 84,4 % eine Registerstudie. Aus den Kommentaren der Befragten konnten zahlreiche Vorschläge sowie Implikationen für die Planung einer solchen Studie abgeleitet werden, wie z. B. die histologische Sicherung der FG.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Therapiesituation der FG ist heterogen. Allerdings sind die Therapieergebnisse weiterhin inakzeptabel und schwer prognostizierbar.
Revision TKA with a distal femoral replacement is at high risk of reinfection after two-stage exchange for periprosthetic knee joint infection
Authors: Theil Christoph , Schneider Kristian Nikolaus , Gosheger Georg , Schmidt-Braekling Tom , Ackmann Thomas , Dieckmann Ralf , Frommer Adrien , Klingebiel Sebastian , Schwarze Jan , Moellenbeck Burkhard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Megaprosthetic distal femoral reconstruction (DFR) is a limb-salvage procedure to address bone loss following two-stage revision for periprosthetic knee joint infection (PJI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the survival of DFR compared to hinged total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It was hypothesized that DFR was associated with a poorer survival.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center study, 97 subjects who underwent two-stage revision of chronic knee PJI were included. Among these, 41 were DFR. The diagnosis of PJI was established using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Implant survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test as well as multivariate Cox regression at a minimum follow-up period of 24 months.

Results
The median follow-up period was 59 (interquartile range (IQR) 45–78) months. Overall, 24% (23/97) of patients required revision surgery for infection. The infection-free survival of rotating hinge revision TKA was 93% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 86–100%) at five years compared to 50% (95% CI 34–66%) for DFR. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for reinfection were DFR reconstruction (HR 4.7 (95% CI 1–22), p = 0.048), length of megaprosthesis (HR 1.006 (95% CI 1.001–1.012), p = 0.032) and higher BMI (HR 1.066, 95% CI 1.018–1.116), p = 0.007). 10% (4/41) of patients undergoing DFR underwent amputation to treat recurrent infection.

Conclusion
Megaprosthetic DFR as part of a two-stage exchange for PJI is a salvage treatment that has a high risk for reinfection compared to non-megaprosthetic TKA. Patients must therefore be counseled accordingly.

Level of evidence
Retrospective observational study, Level IV.
Design of a master power factor controller for an industrial plant with solar photovoltaic and electric vehicle chargers
Authors: Ghani Affiq A. , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna K. , Yong Jia Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe power factor of industrial facilities is typically inductive. The case study in this paper was based on a typical Malaysian 11-kV on-grid industrial system with renewable energy sources and electric vehicle charging station connected. The integration of renewable energy sources reduces energy consumption from the grid; it consecutively reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic operating at unity power factor results in a reduction of the industry’s power factor. According to the Malaysian Distribution Code, the power factor of a medium voltage industrial system should be more than 0.85 lagging. A long-term low power factor will reduce the related electrical equipment lifespan and increase the monthly electricity bills. A classic method to overcome this issue was by installing reactive power compensator devices, such as the synchronous condenser, static VAr compensator and static synchronous compensator. Studies had revealed that solar photovoltaic with appropriate control system design could perform short-term reactive power compensation. The control techniques used are either power factor control, active power control, reactive power control or any combination of them. However, neither the reactive power compensator devices nor the solar photovoltaic with a control system can regulate the industry’s power factor to an intended value throughout its operation. Thus, this paper presents a simple, relatively cost-effective design of a master power factor controller that is capable of regulating the industry’s power factor to an intended value throughout its operation with a single preset reference. In this research, an industry-grade system comprises an industrial load installed with a power factor-controlled capacitor bank, a power factor-controlled solar photovoltaic system, a bidirectional current-controlled electric vehicle charging system based on CHAdeMO 1.1 standard charging protocol and a master power factor controller was designed using the Matrix Laboratory/Simulink software. This paper has provided simulation results as proof that each of the designed equipment was functioning appropriately. The results also proved that the proposed master power factor controller was capable of regulating the power factor of the industrial system to above 0.85 lagging throughout its operation.
Bracket fungi, natural lightweight construction materials: hierarchical microstructure and compressive behavior of Fomes fomentarius fruit bodies
Authors: Müller Cecilia , Klemm Sophie , Fleck Claudia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBracket fungisuch as Fomes fomentarius(“tinder fungus”), have strong, light and tough fruit bodies that make them interesting role-models for bio-inspired, biodegradable applications. So far, little is known about the relation between their microstructure and mechanical properties, information needed for designing novel composites. The fruit bodies (mycelia) of tinder fungus are hierarchically structured honeycomb foams. The mycelium has a transversely isotropic microstructure with open porosity on the nano- and micro-length scales. The lowest resolution porosity appears as elongated tubes that extend from beneath the woody upper surface down towards the lower side that faces the ground. The tube walls are made of a network of hollow, fibrous cells (hyphae), mainly consisting of chitin. When tested mechanically, the material shows the typical compressive stress/strain curve of foams, where an initially linear course is followed by an extended plateau region. The as-harvested material exhibits pronounced viscoelastic recovery, but the tube walls are visibly damaged. Compared with the transverse direction, the load-bearing capability and energy absorption parallel to the tube long axis are ~ 5 and ~ 10 times higher, respectively. Unexpectedly however, the energy absorption efficiency is similar for both loading directions. Buckling of the tubes and cracking of their walls are the main damage mechanisms, and the damage zones coalesce into deformation bands as it is typical for foams. Drying leads to ~ 7 times higher plateau stresses, damage becomes extensive, and the mycelium loses its viscoelastic recovery capability. Interestingly, rehydration restores the properties of the wet state. It is compelling to imagine an adaptive role to natural dry/wet conditions.
Accounting for the surface temperature persistence by using signal energy
Authors: Li Jiangnan , Sun Zhian , Zhang Feng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe autocorrelation function (ACF) and its finite Fourier transform, referred to as signal energy, have been investigated using the ECMWF daily surface temperature data. ACF itself provides a measure of the influence of leading fluctuation between two different time points. Considering the decay of ACF, it is found that the scaling power-rule of ACF is only valid in a very short period, as the decay of ACF exists before it reaches a random noise state. Therefore, the method of the critical exponent of ACF is limited in the short length of the temporal interval. On the other hand, the distributions of the signal energy always show nice patterns, indicating the degree of persistence change. It is found, for a short period, that the distributions of the signal energy and the critical exponent are very similar, with a correlation coefficient over 0.97. For a longer period, though the critical exponent of ACF becomes invalid, the signal energy can always provide an effective method to investigate climate persistence in different lengths of time. In a 5-day period of boreal winter, the southern part of North America has a larger value of signal energy compared to the northern part; thus, the surface temperature is more stable in the north part. The result becomes opposite in the boreal summer. The method of signal energy can also be applied to a particular interval of time. In different temporal intervals, the signal energy presents very different results, especially over the El Nino regions
Conjuring up a ghost: structural and functional characterization of FhuF, a ferric siderophore reductase from E. coli
Authors: Trindade I. B. , Hernandez G. , Lebègue E. , Barrière F. , Cordeiro T. , Piccioli M. , Louro R. O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIron is a fundamental element for virtually all forms of life. Despite its abundance, its bioavailability is limited, and thus, microbes developed siderophores, small molecules, which are synthesized inside the cell and then released outside for iron scavenging. Once inside the cell, iron removal does not occur spontaneously, instead this process is mediated by siderophore-interacting proteins (SIP) and/or by ferric-siderophore reductases (FSR). In the past two decades, representatives of the SIP subfamily have been structurally and biochemically characterized; however, the same was not achieved for the FSR subfamily. Here, we initiate the structural and functional characterization of FhuF, the first and only FSR ever isolated. FhuF is a globular monomeric protein mainly composed by α-helices sheltering internal cavities in a fold resembling the “palm” domain found in siderophore biosynthetic enzymes. Paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy revealed that the core of the cluster has electronic properties in line with those of previously characterized 2Fe–2S ferredoxins and differences appear to be confined to the coordination of Fe(III) in the reduced protein. In particular, the two cysteines coordinating this iron appear to have substantially different bond strengths. In similarity with the proteins from the SIP subfamily, FhuF binds both the iron-loaded and the apo forms of ferrichrome in the micromolar range and cyclic voltammetry reveals the presence of redox-Bohr effect, which broadens the range of ferric-siderophore substrates that can be thermodynamically accessible for reduction. This study suggests that despite the structural differences between FSR and SIP proteins, mechanistic similarities exist between the two classes of proteins.Graphic abstract
Hemolysis and von Willebrand factor degradation in mechanical shuttle shear flow tester
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Tachizaki Yuma , Inoue Yusuke , Hayakawa Masaki , Yamada Akihiro , Kayashima Michinori , Matsumoto Masanori , Horiuchi Hisanori , Yambe Tomoyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChronic blood trauma caused by the shear stresses generated by mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems is one of the major concerns to be considered during the development of ventricular assist devices. Large multimers with high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor (VWF) are extended by the fluid forces in a shear flow and are cleaved by ADAMTS13. Since the mechanical revolving motions in artificial MCSs induce cleavage in large VWF multimers, nonsurgical bleeding associated with the MCS is likely to occur after mechanical hemodynamic support. In this study, the shear stress (~ 600 Pa) and exposure time related to hemolysis and VWF degradation were investigated using a newly designed mechanical shuttle shear flow tester. The device consisted of a pair of cylinders facing the test section of a small-sized pipe; both the cylinders were connected to composite mechanical heads with a sliding-sleeve structure for axial separation during the withdrawing motion. The influence of exposure time, in terms of the number of stress cycles, on hemolysis and VWF degradation was confirmed using fresh goat blood, and the differences in the rates of dissipation of the multimers were established. The plasma-free hemoglobin levels showed a logarithmic increase corresponding to the number of cycles, and the dissipation of large VWF multimers occurred within a few seconds under high shear stress flow conditions.
A Two-to-Five Year Follow-Up of a Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Cohort
Authors: Gromark Caroline , Hesselmark Eva , Djupedal Ida Gebel , Silverberg Maria , Horne AnnaCarin , Harris Robert A. , Serlachius Eva , Mataix-Cols David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the long-term prognosis of children with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Out of the 46 eligible patients from the Karolinska PANS cohort, 34 consented to participate in a follow-up (median 3.3 years). Participants underwent a thorough clinical evaluation and were classified according to their clinical course. Resulting groups were compared on clinical characteristics and laboratory test results. We observed significant reductions in clinician-rated PANS symptom severity and improved general function. Two patients were classified as remitted, 20 as relapsing–remitting, and 12 as having a chronic-static/progressive course. The latter group had an earlier onset, greater impairment and received more pharmacological and psychological treatments. Although remission was rare, the majority of children with PANS were significantly improved over the follow-up period but a non-negligible minority of patients displayed a chronic-static/progressive course and required additional treatments. The proposed definitions of flare and clinical course may be useful in future clinical trials.
Towards a Reformulated Theory Underlying Schema Therapy: Position Paper of an International Workgroup
Authors: Arntz Arnoud , Rijkeboer Marleen , Chan Edward , Fassbinder Eva , Karaosmanoglu Alp , Lee Christopher William , Panzeri Marta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A central construct in Schema Therapy (ST) is that of a schema mode, describing the current emotional-cognitive-behavioral state. Initially, 10 modes were described. Over time, with the world-wide increasing and broader application of ST to various disorders, additional schema modes were identified, mainly based on clinical impressions. Thus, the need for a new, theoretically based, cross-cultural taxonomy of modes emerged.

Methods
An international workgroup started from scratch to identify an extensive taxonomy of modes, based on (a) extending the theory underlying ST with new insights on needs, and (b) recent research on ST theory supporting that modes represent combinations of activated schemas and coping.

Results
We propose to add two emotional needs to the original five core needs that theoretically underpin the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), i.e., the need for Self-Coherence, and the need for Fairness, leading to three new EMSs, i.e. Lack of a Coherent Identity, Lack of a Meaningful World, and Unfairness. When rethinking the purpose behind the different ways of coping with EMS-activation, we came up with new labels for two of those: Resignation instead of Surrender, and Inversion instead of Overcompensation. By systematically combining EMSs and ways of coping we derived a set of schema modes that can be empirically tested.

Conclusions
With this project, we hope to contribute to the further development of ST and its application across the world.
Seismic Noise Parameters as Indicators of Reversible Modifications in Slope Stability: A Review
Authors: Colombero C. , Jongmans D. , Fiolleau S. , Valentin J. , Baillet L. , Bièvre G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContinuous ambient seismic monitoring of potentially unstable sites is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers for precursor recognition and early warning purposes. Twelve cases of long-term continuous noise monitoring have been reported in the literature between 2012 and 2020. Only in a few cases rupture was achieved and irreversible drops in resonance frequency values or shear wave velocity extracted from noise recordings were documented. On the other hand, all monitored sites showed clear reversible fluctuations of the seismic parameters on a daily and seasonal scale due to changes in external weather conditions (air temperature and precipitation). A quantitative comparison of these reversible modifications is used to gain insight into the mechanisms driving the site seismic response. Six possible mechanisms were identified, including three temperature-driven mechanisms (temperature control on fracture opening/closing, superficial stress conditions and bulk rigidity), one precipitation-driven mechanism (water infiltration effect) and two mechanisms sensitive to both temperature and precipitation (ice formation and clay behavior). The reversible variations in seismic parameters under the meteorological constraints are synthesized and compared to the irreversible changes observed prior to failure in different geological conditions.