bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iohexol-based assessment of intestinal permeability in broilers challenged with Eimeria maxima, Clostridium perfringens or both
Authors: Calik Ali , Niraula Abhisek , Dong Bingqi , Blue Candice E. C. , Fenster Davis A. , Dalloul Rami A. 
Published: December 2024

Impaired intestinal integrity in broilers reduces performance and health, highlighting the importance of accurately measuring intestinal permeability (IP) to maintain gut health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of iohexol as an IP marker in broilers challenged with Eimeria maxima, Clostridium perfringens, or both during both peak challenge (day [d] 21) and recovery (d 28) periods. One-day-old male Ross 708 birds (n = 56) were distributed into 4 treatment groups: NC (no-challenge control); EM (challenged with 5,000 E. maxima sporulated oocysts/bird on d 15); CP (challenged with 1.0 × 108 CFUs/bird of C. perfringens on d 19 and d 20); and EM + CP (challenged by co-infection of E. maxima and C. perfringens as described). On d 21 and d 28, each bird received an iohexol dose of 64.7 mg/kg body weight via oral gavage. One hour later, blood samples were collected from 14 birds (12 in EM) per group on d 21 and from 7 birds (6 in EM) on d 28. For lesion scoring and ileum collection, 7 birds per group (6 birds in EM) were sampled on each d 21 and d 28. Birds in the EM and EM + CP groups had lower body weight gain (BWG) compared to the NC and CP groups on d 19–21 (P ≤ 0.05). These birds also exhibited significantly greater lesion scores and markedly higher serum iohexol levels on d 21 (P ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences in serum iohexol levels were observed among treatment groups following recovery on d 28. Moreover, significant differentials were observed in the mRNA abundance of key tight junction proteins (CLDN1, CLDN2, and ZO3), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFNγ, and IL-22), and gut health markers (GLP2, OLFM4, and MUC2) in the EM and EM + CP groups compared to the NC and CP groups on d 21. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that iohexol is an effective marker for assessing IP in broilers under different enteric challenge conditions.
Identification of genetic loci and candidate genes regulating photosynthesis and leaf morphology through genome-wide association study in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Li Keqi , Guo Na , Zhang Miao , Du Yuanyuan , Xu Jiali , Li Shimeng , Wang Jinxiong , Wang Rongrong , Liu Xiang , Qin Mengfan , Xu Yu , Zhu Yunlin , Song Jia , Xu Aixia , Huang Zhen 
Published: December 2024

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a major agricultural crop with diverse applications, particularly in the production of seed oil for both culinary use and biodiesel. However, its photosynthetic efficiency, a pivotal determinant of yield, remains relatively low compared with other C3 plants such as rice and soybean, highlighting the necessity of identifying the genetic loci and genes regulating photosynthesis in rapeseed. In this study, we investigated 5 photosynthesis traits and 5 leaf morphology traits in a natural population of rapeseed, and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify significantly associated loci and genes. The results showed that the gas-exchange parameters of the dark reactions in photosynthesis exhibited a significant positive correlation with the chlorophyll content, whereas they showed a weaker negative correlation with the leaf area. By GWAS, a total of 538 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified as significantly associated with traits related to both leaf morphology and photosynthesis. These QTNs were classified into 84 QTL clusters, of which, 21 clusters exhibited remarkable stability across different traits and environmental conditions. In addition, a total of 3,129 potential candidate genes were identified to be significantly associated with the above-mentioned 10 traits, most of which were shared by certain traits, further indicating the reliability of the findings. By integrating GWAS data with GO enrichment analysis and gene expression analysis, we further identified 8 key candidate genes that are associated with the regulation of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and leaf petiole angle. Taken together, this study identified key genetic loci and candidate genes with the potential to improve photosynthetic efficiency in rapeseed. These findings provide a theoretical framework for breeding new rapeseed varieties with enhanced photosynthetic capabilities.
BO-CNN-BiLSTM deep learning model integrating multisource remote sensing data for improving winter wheat yield estimation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Changchun , Wu Xifang , Xiang Hengmao , Jiao Yinghua , Chai Huabin 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionIn the context of climate variability, rapid and accurate estimation of winter wheat yield is essential for agricultural policymaking and food security. With advancements in remote sensing technology and deep learning, methods utilizing remotely sensed data are increasingly being employed for large-scale crop growth monitoring and yield estimation.MethodsSolar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a new remote sensing metric that is closely linked to crop photosynthesis and has been applied to crop growth and drought monitoring. However, its effectiveness for yield estimation under various data fusion conditions has not been thoroughly explored. This study developed a deep learning model named BO-CNN-BiLSTM (BCBL), combining the feature extraction capabilities of a convolutional neural network (1DCNN) with the time-series memory advantages of a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM). The Bayesian Optimization (BOM) method was employed to determine the optimal hyperparameters for model parameter optimization. Traditional remote sensing variables (TS), such as the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI), were fused with the SIF and climate data to estimate the winter wheat yields in Henan Province, exploring the SIF’s estimation capabilities using various datasets.Results and DiscussionThe results demonstrated that the BCBL model, integrating TS, climate, and SIF data, outperformed other models (e.g., LSTM, Transformer, RF, and XGBoost) in the estimation accuracy, with R²=0.81, RMSE=616.99 kg/ha, and MRE=7.14%. Stepwise sensitivity analysis revealed that the BCBL model reliably identified the critical stage of winter wheat yield formation (early March to early May) and achieved high yield estimation accuracy approximately 25 d before harvest. Furthermore, the BCBL model exhibited strong stability and generalization across different climatic conditions.ConclusionThus, the BCBL model combined with SIF data can offer reliable winter wheat yield estimates, hold significant potential for application, and provide valuable insights for agricultural policymaking and field management.
Efficacy and mechanism of cyprosulfamide in alleviating the phytotoxicity of clomazone residue on maize seedling
Authors: Sun Lanlan , Zhang Chen , Xu Hongle , Su Wangcang , Xue Fei , Leng Qiuli , Niu Yujia , Lu Chuantao , Wu Renhai 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe residues of clomazone (Clo) can lead to phytotoxic symptoms such as foliar bleaching, reduced plant height, and decreased maize yields. Herbicide safener represent one of the most economically efficient strategies for mitigating herbicide-induced damage.MethodsIn this study, various seed treatments were implemented, including the immersion of maize seeds in water (CK), immersion in Cyprosulfamide (CSA), soil supplemented with clomazone (ClO) and CSA+ClO, evaluated physiological indicators, chlorophyll content, and qRT-PCR analyses of the maize plants were evaluated under the different treatments.Results and discussionThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of CSA on mitigating residual damage caused by Clo on maize and elucidate its mechanism. Compared to the CK, treatment with Clo resulted in significant inhibition of maize plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid levels by 19.0%, 29.9%, 92.5%, and 86.3% respectively. On the other hand, under CSA+Clo treatment, milder inhibition was observed with reductions of only 9.4% in plant height and 7.2% in fresh weight, as well as decreases of 35.7% and 21.8% respectively in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The findings revealed that the application of CSA effectively mitigated the inhibitory effects of Clo residues on maize plant height, fresh weight, carotenoids and chlorophyll content. Additionally, the combination of CSA and Clo reduced MDA levels by 13.4%, increased SOD activity by 9.7% and GST activity by 26.7%, while elevating GSSG content by 31.3% compared to Clo alone, ultimately mitigating oxidative damage in maize plants. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of five P450 genes (CYP72A5, CYP81A4, CYP81Q32, CYP81A9, CYP81A36), nine GST genes (GST30, GST31, GSTIV, GSTVI, GST21, GST7, GST37, GST25, IN2-1), and two UGT genes (UGT76C2, UGT83A1) significantly high increased by 6.74-, 10.27-, 4.98-, 10.56-, 25.67-, 16.70-, 46.92-,7.53-, 5.10-, 238.82-, 143.50-, 4.58-, 31.51-, 39.3-, 4.20-, 10.47-fold after CSA+Clo treatment compared to that in the Clo treatment. The pre-treatment of CSA led to the upregulation of five P450 genes, nine GST genes, and two UGT genes, which may be associated with the metabolism of Clo in maize. Overall, this study suggests that CSA could be effectively mitigates Clo residual damage by up-regulating detoxification-related genes, enhancing chlorophyll content and activities of antioxidant enzymes.
The impact of small food workshops management regulations on aflatoxin B1 in home-made peanut oil and the liver function of high-consumption area residents: an interrupted time series study in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Lei Jiangbo , Li Yan , Wang Yanyan , Zhou Jinchang , Wu Yuzhe , Zhang Yuhua , Liu Lan , Ou Yijun , Huang Lili , Wu Sixuan , Guo Xuanya , Liu Lieyan , Peng Rongfei , Bai Zhijun , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus species, is a prevalent contaminant in oil crops, with prolonged exposure associated with liver damage. Home-made peanut oil (HMPO) produced by small workshops in Guangzhou is heavily contaminated with AFB1. Despite the enactment of the Small Food Workshops Management Regulations (SFWMR), no quantitative assessment has been conducted regarding its impact on food contamination and public health. The study aims to assess the impact of SFWMR on AFB1 contamination in HMPO and liver function in the population.MethodAFB1 contamination in HMPO were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liver function data were obtained from the health center located in a high-HMPO-consumption area in Guangzhou. Interrupted time series and mediation analyses were employed to assess the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR, AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, and liver function among residents.ResultThe AFB1 concentrations in HMPO were 1.29 (0.12, 6.58) μg/kg. The average daily intake of AFB1 through HMPO for Guangzhou residents from 2010 to 2022 ranged from 0.25 to 1.68 ng/kg bw/d, and the Margin of Exposure ranged from 238 to 1,600. The implementation of SFWMR was associated with a significant reduction in AFB1 concentrations in HMPO, showing an immediate decrease of 2.865 μg/kg (P = 0.006) and a sustained annual reduction of 2.593 μg/kg (P = 0.034). Among residents in the high-HMPO-consumption area, the implementation of SFWMR was significantly associated with a reduction in the prevalence of liver function abnormality (PR = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.469–0.902). Subgroup analysis revealed that this reduction was significantly associated with the implementation of SFWMR in the female (PR = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.310–0.755) and in individuals aged ≥ 60 years (PR = 0.586, 95% CI: 0.395–0.868). Mediation analysis demonstrated that AFB1 concentrations in HMPO fully mediated the relationship between the implementation of SFWMR and the liver function abnormality (PR = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.969–0.993).ConclusionIn Guangzhou, the public health issue arising from AFB1 intake through HMPO warrants attention. The implementation of SFWMR had a positive impact on the improvement of AFB1 contamination in HMPO and the liver function. Continued efforts are necessary to strengthen the enforcement of the regulations. The exposure risks to AFB1 among high-HMPO-consumption groups also demand greater focus.
Global, regional, and national burden of myocarditis in children aged 0–14 years, 1990–2021: analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Zhang Yi-Dong , Chen Nuo , Wang Qiao-Yu , Li Hao , Zhang Song-Yue , Xia Tian-He , He Yue-E. , Rong Xing , Wu Ting-Ting , Wu Rong-Zhou 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThere are limited epidemiological data on myocarditis in children aged 0–14 years. This study aims to investigate the trends in incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of myocarditis in children aged 0–14 years from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe utilized the 2021 Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) analytical tools to examine the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of myocarditis in children aged 0–14 years, considering factors such as age, sex, region, sociodemographic index (SDI), and data from 204 countries or regions.ResultsIn 2021, a total of 155.45/1000 people cases of myocarditis were reported globally in children. The cases of myocarditis in children increased from 143.80/1000 people (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 93.13–214.67) in 1990 to 155.45/1000 people (95% UI, 100.31–232.31) in 2021, increasing by 8.1% (95% UI, 6.04–9.73%). Over 30 years, the global incidence rate decreased from 8.27 (95% UI, 5.35–12.34) to 7.73 (95% UI, 4.99–11.55) per 100,000 population. The myocarditis-associated mortality rate decreased from 0.36 (95% UI, 0.25–0.51) to 0.13 (95% UI, 0.10–0.16) per 100,000 population. In 2021, the highest incidence of myocarditis in children occurred in High SDI regions. Regionally, High-income Asia Pacific had the greatest increase in incidence (EAPC, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.22–0.28). Japan had the highest incidence rate of myocarditis in children, while Haiti reported the highest myocarditis-associated mortality rate and DALYs rate. Globally, environmental/occupational risk, nonoptimal temperature, high temperature, and low temperature were key risk factors for myocarditis-associated mortality in children.ConclusionBetween 1990 and 2021, myocarditis in children saw declining mortality and DALYs but rising incidence, especially in males. Children under 1 year face higher mortality and DALY rates despite lower incidence, stressing early diagnosis. High SDI regions report higher incidence but lower mortality, while low SDI areas need standardized treatment. Japan had the highest 2021 incidence, and China had the most deaths. Underscoring the urgency for enhanced medical resources, comprehensive research into the disease’s etiology, and improved prevention strategies.
The association of workforce configurations with length of stay and charges in hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Williams Tremaine B. , Crump Alisha , Parker Pearman , Garza Maryam Y. , Seker Emel , Swindle Taren Massey , Robins Taiquitha , Price Adrian , Sexton Kevin Wayne 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionClinicians are the conduits of high-quality care delivery. Clinicians have driven advancements in pharmacotherapeutics, devices, and related interventions and improved morbidity and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure over the past decade. Yet, the management of congestive heart failure has become extraordinarily complex and has fueled recommendations from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology to optimize the composition of the care team to reduce the health, economic, and the health system burden of high lengths of stay and hospital charges. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which specific care team configurations were associated with high length of stay and high-charge hospitalizations of patients with congestive heart failure.MethodsThis study performed a retrospective analysis of data extracted from the electronic health records of 3,099 patients and their hospitalizations from the Arkansas Clinical Data Repository. The data was analyzed using binomial logistic regression in which adjusted odds ratios reflected the association of specific care team configurations (i.e., combination of care roles) with length of stay and hospital charges.ResultsTeam configurations that included a nurse practitioner, registered nurse, care manager, and social worker were generally above the median length of stay and median charges when compared to team configurations that did not collectively include all of these roles. Patients with larger configurations (i.e., four or more different care roles) had higher length of stays and charges than smaller configurations (i.e., two to three different care roles). The results also validated the Van Walraven Elixhauser Comorbidity Score by finding that its quartiles were associated with length of stay and charges, an indicator of care demand based on patient morbidity.ConclusionsCardiologists, alone, cannot shoulder the burden of improving patient outcomes. Care team configuration data within electronic health record systems of hospitals could be an effective method of isolating and tracking high-risk patients. Registered nurses may be particularly effective in advancing real-time risk stratification by applying the Van Walraven Elixhauser Comorbidity Score at the point of care, improving the ability of health systems to match care demand with workforce availability.
Palatal rugae assessment using plaster model and dental scan: a cross-sectional comparative analysis
Authors: Roselli Laura , Mele Federica , Suriano Carmela , Santoro Valeria , Catanesi Roberto , Petruzzi Massimo 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveDue to their consistent and individualistic patterns, palatal rugae (PR) are used in forensic dentistry as an ancillary method for personal identification. This study aimed to compare the impression of the PR obtained with the classic alginate impression and casting of the plaster model with the impression of the palate made with an intraoral scanner. Both impressions were compared with each other and with the photograph of the palatal rugae.Materials and methodsIn this study, 19 patients (6 men, 13 women; mean age 28.6 years) were selected. Two different impressions were taken from the maxillae of the participants: a conventional impression using alginate impression material, and an optical impression using an intraoral scanner. The impressions obtained were compared with each other and with the photograph of the palatine rugae of each enrolled patient, using FaceComp™ software. The parameters assessed included absolute and relative distances, perimeters, areas, shape factors, and moments. The statistical analysis was conducted using Python 3.9.ResultsThe data from digital and plaster models were comparable across all six parameters used by the software. The coefficients of correlation and determination were strong to very strong for all six parameters assessed, with no statistically significant differences detected between the two methods of palatal rugae impression.ConclusionBoth digital and traditional methods were equally reliable in capturing palatal rugae patterns. The use of FaceComp™ software facilitated accurate comparison and personal identification through the alignment of the preidentified landmarks. Further studies are required to enhance the speed and precision of image acquisition and comparison for broader application in personal identification.
Enhancing intraoral radiographic technique: introducing “Nallan's Lines”
Authors: Chaitanya Nallan CSK , Padmanabhan Vivek , Islam Md Sofiqul , Hashim Nada Tawfig , Mohammed Riham , Allam Neeharika Satyajyothi , Omar Jouma Jalal , Zakaria Ahmed , Pranathi Shaga , Apoorva Mamindla 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundIntraoral radiography remains the most widely employed dental radiographic technique for producing geometrically accurate images with minimal distortion and magnification. Despite its common use in the dental office, incorrect projection geometry can be challenging leading to image distortions. To mitigate these inaccuracies specific radiographic landmarks on the face are utilized during periapical radiography. Nallan's lines, proposed in this study may address the perpetual issue.Material and methodsIn this cross over study, the participants were divided into 2 groups, Group A and Group B comprising nine in the each group. The bisecting angle technique was performed by the participants using a gyroscopic device fitted with a LASER with (Study subjects) and without (Controls) utilizing Nallan's lines on a selected group of teeth using a phantom model. Subsequent images were compared with those images obtained by an oral radiologist using the same model for geometric distortions of the images. This comparative analysis aimed to identify potential geometric distortions within the generated imagesResultsA paired t-test was employed to compare the mean length and breadth of teeth before and after radiographic training. Additionally, a McNemar Test was used to assess the impact of Nallan's lines on technical errors. Both analyses revealed statistically significant improvements post-training (p &lt; 0.01). To determine if radiographic training affected the performance of volunteers and specialists, a Chi-Square Test was conducted to compare error rates. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups, both before and after training.ConclusionThe adoption of Nallan's lines may enhance the accuracy and quality of intraoral radiographic images. By adhering to this geometric framework dental practitioners can minimize geometric distortions and thereby repeated radiographic exposures of patients.
Specific reasons for living and suicide resilience mechanisms negatively predict suicide risk among sexual minorities
Authors: Van Zyl Maryke , Brennan James Michael , Parmenter Joshua G. , Joseph Kaela , Bongar Bruce , Goldblum Peter 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionSexual minority (SM) adults experience disproportionately high rates of suicide, yet it is not clear what protective factors offset the risk of suicide.MethodA cross-sectional online survey of 564 SM adults assessed associations between suicide outcomes, suicide resilience and reasons for living (RFL).ResultsSurvival and Coping Beliefs and Moral Objections subscales of the RFL, as well as Suicide Resilience were negatively associated with likelihood of future sucide attempts.ConclusionSuicide resilience and some RFL subscales are protective against suicide for SM adults, which not only supports the use of RFL and resilience among SM adults, but provides an empirical foundation for developing a culturally-specific RFL measure.