bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure performance enhancement of Si3N4 reinforced laser clad KF110 base composite coatings
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Jianing , Sun Xigui , Ma Fukun , Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Shi Chuanwei , Li Yajiang , Li Chuanjie , Zhao Bo , Liu Zhangyan , Jiang Xinyi , Liu Qingwei , Han Shunxi , Jing Cainian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe KF110–Si3N4–La2O3–Cu composite coatings were fabricated on TA2 by a laser cladding (LC). Microstructure, elemental distribution, high temperature oxidation, and wear resistance were investigated. Research results showed that the nanocrystalline phases (NPs) and the amorphous phases (APs) were formed due to the existence of the short atomic radius elements/fast cooling rate during an LC process; the uniform distributed NPs with the high interface energy were produced due to an addition of Cu, enhancing wear resistance of an LC coating. Lattice distortions were produced due to high temperature of a laser‐induced pool (LIP). Addition of the alloy elements enhanced high temperature oxidation resistance of this coating. Excessive addition of Si3N4 caused defects to be produced, enhancing the brittleness of this coating.
Mechanical properties of mulberry fruit under compression and nuclear magnetic resonance tests
Authors: Hou Junming , Hu Weixue , Zhang Liang , Ren Zhaotan , Sun Qijie , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the mechanized production and processing of mulberry, the fresh fruit can experience serious mechanical damage. In this study, compression tests were conducted to investigate the effect of different parameters on the compression damage to mulberry. The results showed that the extent of compression damage was mainly influenced by the loading displacement rate applied during compression; the damage was increased with increasing loading displacement. At an initial moisture content of 86.76%, the indentation area ratio was increased from 0.0725 to 0.2756 when the loading displacement increased from 3.0 to 6.0 mm. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to observe the changes in the internal moisture content of mulberry before and after compression under different loading rates. When the loading displacement increased from 3.0 to 6.0 mm, the loss of free and bound water in mulberry also increased. Further, with the increase in extrusion, the damage to the mulberry fruit increases significantly. It is proved that the method of image recognition and NMR is feasible to verify the damage to the mulberry fruit.Practical ApplicationsBecause mulberry has a soft texture, it can be easily damaged by extrusion during mechanized production and processing. In this study, a relationship between various factors of compression process and mulberry extrusion damage was established using compression test results. This can be used as a reference for reducing mulberry extrusion damage in the process of mechanized production and processing. Because the extent of damage to mulberry is difficult to identify, this study provides a feasible method to identify the crushing damage to mulberry.
Pharmacological preconditioning by TERT inhibitor BIBR1532 confers neuronal ischemic tolerance through TERT‐mediated transcriptional reprogramming
Authors: Xie Xuemin , Li Mingxi , Zhou Mengyao , Chow Shing Fung , Tsang Chi Kwan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAfter a sublethal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) stimulus, the brain has a remarkable capability of acquiring tolerance to subsequent ischemic insult by establishing precautionary self‐protective mechanism. Understanding this endogenous mechanism would reveal novel and effective neuroprotective targets for ischemic brain injury. Our previous study has implied that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is associated with IPC‐induced tolerance. Here, we investigated the mechanism of TERT‐mediated ischemic tolerance. Preconditioning was modeled by oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) and by TERT inhibitor BIBR1532 in primary neurons. We found that ischemic tolerance was conferred by BIBR1532 preconditioning. We used the Cleavage‐Under‐Targets‐And‐Tagmentation approach, a recently developed method with superior signal‐to‐noise ratio, to comprehensively map the genomic binding sites of TERT in primary neurons, and showed that more than 50% of TERT‐binding sites were located at the promoter regions. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that under normal conditions TERT physically bound to many previously unknown genomic loci in neurons, whereas BIBR1532 preconditioning significantly altered TERT–chromatin‐binding profile. Intriguingly, we found that BIBR1532‐preconditioned neurons showed significant up‐regulation of promoter binding of TERT to the mitochondrial anti‐oxidant genes, which were correlated with their elevated expression. Functional analysis further indicated that BIBR1532‐preconditioning significantly reduced ROS levels and enhanced tolerance to severe ischemia‐induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons in a TERT‐dependent manner. Together, these results demonstrate that BIBR1532 confers neuronal ischemic tolerance through TERT‐mediated transcriptional reprogramming for up‐regulation of mitochondrial anti‐oxidation gene expression, suggesting the translational potential of BIBR1532 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury and oxidative stress‐induced neurological disorders.
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High levels of autoantibodies against apoB100 p210 are associated with lower incidence of atrial fibrillation in women
Authors: Sveen Kari Anne , Smith Gustav , Björkbacka Harry , Orho‐Melander Marju , Engström Gunnar , Gonçalves Isabel , Melander Olle , Nilsson Jan , Bengtsson Eva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with inflammation, both systemically and in the atrial tissue. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) is increased in patients with AF and is suggested to be one of the molecules that drives inflammation. Autoantibodies against oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B100, the protein component of LDL, are linked to atherosclerotic disease. However, whether these autoantibodies are associated with occurrence of AF is not known. We investigated autoantibodies against oxidized apolipoprotein B100 peptides and incidence of AF in a large population‐based cohort.MethodsIgM and IgG against native and aldehyde‐modified apoB100 peptides 210 (p210) and 45 were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 5169 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.ResultsSeven hundred sixty‐nine incident AF cases were recorded during a follow‐up of 21.3 years. Individuals with high levels of IgM against native p210 at baseline had a lower risk of developing AF; however, the association did not remain after adjustment for age and sex. Women had higher levels of IgM against native p210 than men (0.70 ± 0.22 AU vs. 0.63 ± 0.21 AU, p < 0.001). The association of IgM against native p210 and AF was significantly different between sexes (p for interaction = 0.024), where females with high IgM against p210 had a lower risk for incidence of AF (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 4th versus 1st quartile: 0.67 [0.49–0.91]; p = 0.01) after adjusting for risk factors and comorbidities.ConclusionThese findings support an association of humoral autoimmunity with AF.
Melatonin modulates metabolic remodeling in HNSCC by suppressing MTHFD1L‐formate axis
Authors: Cui Li , Zhao Xinyuan , Jin Zhenning , Wang Hailin , Yang Shun‐Fa , Hu Shen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetabolic remodeling is now widely recognized as a hallmark of cancer, yet its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains largely unknown. In this study, metabolomic analysis of melatonin‐treated HNSCC cell lines revealed that exogenous melatonin inhibited many important metabolic pathways including folate cycle in HNSCC cells. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 like (MTHFD1L), a metabolic enzyme of the folate cycle regulating the production of formate, was identified as a downstream target of melatonin. MTHFD1L was found to be markedly upregulated in HNSCC, and MTHFD1L overexpression was significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcome of HNSCC patients. In addition, MTHFD1L promoted HNSCC progression in vitro and in vivo and reversed the oncostatic effects of exogenous melatonin. More importantly, the malignant phenotypes suppressed by knockdown of MTHFD1L or exogenous melatonin could be partially rescued by formate. Furthermore, we found that melatonin inhibited the expression of MTHFD1L in HNSCC cells through the downregulation of cyclic AMP‐responsive element‐binding protein 1 (CREB1) phosphorylation. Lastly, this novel regulatory axis of melatonin‐p‐CREB1‐MTHFD1L‐formate was also verified in HNSCC tissues. Collectively, our findings have demonstrated that MTHFD1L‐formate axis promotes HNSCC progression and melatonin inhibits HNSCC progression through CREB1‐mediated downregulation of MTHFD1L and formate. These findings have revealed new metabolic mechanisms in HNSCC and may provide novel insights on the therapeutic intervention of HNSCC.
Predicting a therapeutic cut‐off serum level of itraconazole in recalcitrant tinea corporis and cruris—A prospective trial
Authors: Khurana Ananta , Agarwal Aastha , Singh Ashutosh , Sardana Kabir , Ghadlinge Manik , Agrawal Diksha , Panesar Sanjeet , Sethia Khushboo , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith rising resistance to terbinafine, and consistently high MICs to fluconazole and griseofulvin, itraconazole is being increasingly used as a first line drug for tinea corporis/cruris. However, inadequate clinical responses are often seen with it in spite of in vitro susceptibility. This is possibly related to a variable pharmacokinetic profile of itraconazole. The drug serum levels associated with the therapeutic outcome have not been defined in dermatophytic infections.MethodsForty treatment naïve patients with tinea corporis/cruris were randomised to one of the three dose groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/day) of itraconazole. The drug serum levels of 21 of these patients were obtained after 2 weeks of treatment and correlated with the final clinical outcome and in vitro antifungal susceptibility data.ResultsTrichophyton indotineae was identified by sequencing of ITS region of rDNA and TEF1α. All isolates were sensitive to itraconazole (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) range: 0.06–0.5 µg/ml), while MICs to terbinafine were uniformly high (range 8–32 µg/ml). Thirty‐seven patients (92.5%) achieved complete cure, while three failed treatment. Serum levels achieved with 400 mg/day were significantly higher than levels with 100 or 200 mg dose. All patients with itraconazole serum levels of >0.2 µg/ml were cured, while two out of the 10 patients with serum levels <0.2 µg/ml failed treatment.ConclusionsTherapeutic failures are uncommon with itraconazole, and the prevalent strain in India has low itraconazole MICs. Treatment failure is likely with itraconazole serum levels of <0.2 µg/ml, while levels >0.2 µg/ml are consistently associated with a positive therapeutic outcome.
Chronic opioid use is associated with obstructive and spastic disorders in the esophagus
Authors: Sanchez Mayra J. , Olivier Sarah , Gediklioglu Furkan , Almeida Mariana , Gaeta Marina , Nigro Mariana , de la Rosa Randolph , Nguyen Mytien , Lalehzari Mona , Regala Francis , Njei Basile , Deng Yanhong , Ciarleglio Maria , Masoud Amir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic opioid effects on the esophagus are poorly understood. We investigated whether opioids were associated with increased prevalence of esophageal motility disorders.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients undergoing high‐resolution manometry (HREM) at the Yale Gastrointestinal Motility Lab between January 2014 and August 2019. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record after studies were reviewed by two motility specialists using the Chicago Classification v.3.0. We compared the manometric results of patients who use opioids to those who do not and adjusted for type and dose of opioids using a 24 h Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) scale to compare patients taking low or high amounts of opioids.ResultsFour manometric abnormalities were significantly different between the opioid and non‐opioid users. Achalasia type III, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), and distal esophageal spasm (DES) (p < 0.005, p < 0.01, and p < 0.005, respectively) were common among opioid users, whereas ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) was more common among non‐opioid users (p < 0.01). The incidence of EGJOO was significantly higher in opioid users compared to non‐opioid users (p < 0.001). Lastly, IRP, DCI, and distal latency were significantly different between the two groups.Patients in the high MME group had significantly greater IRP, DCI, and lower distal latency than non‐opioids (p < 0.001). Also, achalasia type III and DES were more common in the high but not the low MME group.ConclusionsOpioid use is associated with multiple abnormalities on esophageal motility and these effects may be dose‐dependent.
Enhancing the utility of antroduodenal manometry in pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Chanpong Atchariya , Cronin Hannah , Rampling Dyanne , Ashworth Michael , Eaton Simon , Rybak Anna , Saliakellis Efstratios , Lindley Keith J. , Borrelli Osvaldo , Thapar Nikhil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntroduodenal manometry (ADM) and histopathology are currently employed to aid the diagnosis of pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (PIPO). Limited data are available on the reliability of ADM analysis and its correlation with histopathology. We aimed to develop a protocol for enhanced analysis of ADM contractile patterns, including a scoring system, and explore whether this provided better correlation with histopathology.MethodsChildren referred with suspected PIPO between April 2012‐December 2019 who underwent both ADM and full‐thickness biopsies were included. ADM tracings were analyzed using both standard (conventional ADM) and novel (enhanced ADM) motility parameters. A novel ADM score (GLASS score) was generated based on the enhanced ADM analysis. Conventional and enhanced ADM analyses were then correlated with histopathology.ResultsForty patients were included. Using conventional clinical criteria, 29 of these were diagnosed with PIPO and the other 11 with non‐PIPO diagnoses. Twenty‐three of the PIPO patients had abnormal histopathology: 6 myopathy, 4 neuropathy, 3 neuro‐myopathy, and 10 non‐specific changes. No agreement in diagnosis was found between conventional ADM analysis and histopathology (ϰ = 0.068;p = 0.197), whereas the latter significantly correlated with enhanced ADM analysis (ϰ = 0.191;p = 0.003). The enhanced ADM score was significantly higher in PIPO versus non‐PIPO (16.0 vs. 8.0;p < 0.001).ConclusionsAs opposed to conventional analysis protocols, the newly developed enhanced ADM analysis and associated score is not only able to discriminate between PIPO and non‐PIPO patients, but also between distinct histopathological pathologies. Further studies are required to assess the utility of enhanced ADM analysis in larger populations.
Silencing of a Pseudo‐nitzschia arenysensis lipoxygenase transcript leads to reduced oxylipin production and impaired growth
Authors: Sabatino Valeria , Orefice Ida , Marotta Pina , Ambrosino Luca , Chiusano Maria Luisa , d'Ippolito Giuliana , Romano Giovanna , Fontana Angelo , Ferrante Maria Immacolata 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Because of their importance as chemical mediators, the presence of a rich and varied family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products, collectively named oxylipins, has been investigated thoroughly in diatoms, and the involvement of these products in important processes such as bloom regulation has been postulated. Nevertheless, little information is available on the enzymes and pathways operating in these protists.

Exploiting transcriptome data, we identified and characterized a LOX gene, PaLOX, in Pseudo‐nitzschia arenysensis, a marine diatom known to produce different species of oxylipins by stereo‐ and regio‐selective oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at C12 and C15.

PaLOX RNA interference correlated with a decrease of the lipid‐peroxidizing activity and oxylipin synthesis, as well as with a reduction of growth of P. arenysensis. In addition, sequence analysis and structure models of the C‐terminal part of the predicted protein closely fitted with the data for established LOXs from other organisms.

The presence in the genome of a single LOX gene, whose downregulation impairs both 12‐ and 15‐oxylipins synthesis, together with the in silico 3D protein modelling suggest that PaLOX encodes for a 12/15S‐LOX with a dual specificity, and provides additional support to the correlation between cell growth and oxylipin biosynthesis in diatoms.
The impact of artificial intelligence on skills at work in Denmark
Authors: Holm Jacob Rubæk , Lorenz Edward 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on a unique dataset on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) among employees in Denmark, we investigate within‐job relationships between AI use and skill requirements. We show that the effects of AI are varied and depend on whether AI is used for providing orders to humans or providing information for further human handling and in which occupation it is used. AI may enhance or augment skills through, for example, the increased use of high‐performance work practices, or it may increase work pace constraints and reduce employee autonomy. The results imply that the diffusion of AI can increase inequalities in the labour market by augmenting skills used in high‐skill jobs, although having relatively more adverse impacts on other jobs. We use additive noise modelling to establish the likely direction of causality in our results and find that the direction of causality is from AI use to skill requirements.
Joseph Raz’s Service Conception and the Limits of Knowability
Authors: Placani Adriana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis essay criticizes Joseph Raz’s service conception of authority on the basis of its knowability condition. The condition states that for agents to be justified in following authoritative directives, they must be able to know (i.e., form reliable beliefs) that the authority issuing the directives is in fact legitimate. Three grounds for concern are identified. The first is that the satisfaction of the normal justification thesis (NJT), which states that the legitimacy of authorities hinges on whether their directives enable subjects to better conform to reason, only provides agents with reasons to believe that it is justified to actas ifan authority were legitimate (i.e., on the assumption that it is). Based on the belief/acceptance distinction, the NJT allows for a gap between what is actually the case and what agents are willing to go along with in order to improve the likelihood of conforming to right reason. The independence condition (IC), which states that for those matters where the NJT obtains it must be better for a subject to improve such conformity than to decide for herself, must be satisfied in conjunction with the NJT, but suffers from its own particular problems. Thus, the second problem identified is that of incommensurable values, which appears when agents are not able to decide between the value of improving right reason—NJT—and the value of deciding for themselves—IC. Finally, the third problem is that of vagueness about right reason, where agents attempting to determine whether an authority meets the two conditions are not able to settle whether reason is improved. Together, these three problem areas of knowability serve to challenge Raz’s position.
Prioritization of Resilience Initiatives for Climate‐Related Disasters in the Metropolitan City of Venice
Authors: Bonato Marta , Sambo Beatrice , Sperotto Anna , Lambert James H. , Linkov Igor , Critto Andrea , Torresan Silvia , Marcomini Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreases in the magnitude and frequency of climate and other disruptive factors are placing environmental, economic, and social stresses on coastal systems. This is further exacerbated by land use transformations, urbanization, over‐tourism, sociopolitical tensions, technological innovations, among others. A scenario‐informed multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) was applied in the Metropolitan City of Venice integrating qualitative (i.e., local stakeholder preferences) and quantitative information (i.e., climate‐change projections) with the aim of enhancing system resilience to multiple climate‐related threats. As part of this analysis, different groups of local stakeholders (e.g., local authorities, civil protection agencies, SMEs, NGOs) were asked to identify critical functions that needs to be sustained. Various policy initiatives were considered to support these critical functions. The MCDA was used to rank the initiatives across several scenarios describing main climate threats (e.g., storm surges, floods, heatwaves, drought). We found that many climate change scenarios were considered to be disruptive to stakeholders and influence alternative ranking. The management alternatives acting on physical domain generally enhance resilience across just a few scenarios while cognitive and informative initiatives provided resilience enhancement across most scenarios considered. With uncertainty of multiple stressors along with projected climate variability, a portfolio of cognitive and physical initiatives is recommended to enhance resilience.
Natural laboratories in emerging countries and comparative advantages in science: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Aguilera José Miguel , Larraín Felipe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEntering the knowledge society and mobilizing science and technology are critical for emerging countries (ECs) to address important challenges of society and promote long‐term economic growth. Natural laboratories (NLs) are geographical or geophysical singularities that provide comparative advantages and leverage to ECs for scientific research and international collaboration. Based on empirical evidence and learning experiences from five NLs in Chile, we propose the foundations of a conceptual framework for public scientific policies based on NLs and their possible implementation in ECs. Scientific research in NLs may address local, national, and global societal challenges while decentralizing scientific activities, encouraging transdisciplinary research in territories, anticipating the effects of climate change, and protecting biodiversity while promoting international partnerships and alignment with 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.