bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Cell-Free DNA Sequencing-Based Non-invasive Prenatal Testing: Our Experience on&nbsp;36456 both Singleton and Multiple Pregnancies.
Authors: Verde Marco La , De Falco Luigia , Torella Annalaura , Savarese Giovanni , Saverese Pasquale , Ruggiero Raffaella , Conte Anna , Fico Vera , Torella Marco , Fico Antonio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To describe the clinical practice and performance of cell-free DNA sequencing-based noninvasive prenatal testing as a screening method for detecting trisomy 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, and T13, respectively), as well as sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA), in a general Italian pregnancy population.Methods: The AMES-accredited laboratory offers noninvasive prenatal testing in maternal blood as a clinical screening test for foetal T21, T18, T13 and SCA. Samples were sequenced on a NextSeq 550 (Illumina) using the VeriSeq NIPT Solution v1 assay.Results: A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 36456 consecutive maternal blood samples, including 35650 singleton pregnancies, 800 twin pregnancies, and 6 triplet pregnancies, which were tested between April 2017 and September 2019. The cohort included 46% elevated-risk and 54% low-risk patients. Genetic and/or clinical outcomes were available in 36000 cases (98.7%). In the overall cohort, 356 (1%) results were indicative of classic trisomy: 254 T21, 69 T18, and 33 T13. In addition, 145 results (0.4%) were indicative of SCA. Of the combined 501 screen-positive cases, 484 had confirmatory diagnostic testing results available: 99.2% (247/249) of T21 cases, 91.2% (62/68) of T18 cases, 84.4% (27/32) of T13 cases, and 86.7% (117/135) of SCA cases were confirmed. Follow-up data were available for 98.8% of the 35955 cases reported as unaffected by trisomy or SCA. No false negative cases were reported. The sensitivity of NIPT was 100.00% for T21 (95% Cl 98.47-100.0), T18 (95% Cl 94.17-100.0), T13 (95% Cl 87.54-100.0) and SCA (95% Cl 96.62-100.0). The specificities were 99.99% (95% Cl 99.98-100.0), 99.98% (95% Cl 99.96-100.0), 99.99% (95% Cl 99.97-100.0), and 99.95% (95% Cl 99.92-99.97) for T21, T18, T13, and SCA, respectively.Conclusion: This retrospective analysis of a large cohort of consecutive patients who had whole-genome sequencing-based NIPT for classic trisomies and SCA showed excellent detection rates and low false positive rates.
An Ultrasonic Osteotomy Device Enhanced Post-osteotomy Bone Healing Beyond That With a Conventional Rotary Device in a Rat Calvarial Model
Authors: Danjo Atsushi , Aijima Reona , U.Yoshimoto Reiko , Tanaka Shin-Ichi , Katsuki Takeshi , A.Kido Mizuho , Yamashita Yoshio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic osteotomy devices (UODs) have many clinical benefits; for example, they cause little damage to adjacent tissues in oral surgery. However, few reports have focused on bone healing with UODs. This study aimed to compare bone healing after osteotomy with UODs versus rotary osteotomy devices (RODs) in a rat calvarial defect model. Calvarial bone defects were made with a UOD on the right side and an ROD on the left side. Micro-CT analysis revealed that the bone volume was greater with a UOD than with an ROD at 2-3 weeks. In HE-stained sections and micro-CT images, the bone wound gap was closed earlier on the UOD side than on the ROD side. Bone thickness, the quantity of newly formed bone, and the number of osteocytes were greater on the UOD side than on the ROD side. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that UOD cuts had smoother surfaces than ROD cuts. Osteoblast-like cells harvested from bone chips cut by the UOD had greater proliferative activity than those harvested from ROD-cut bone chips. The use of a UOD may assist bone regeneration, presumably because of osteoblast activation by ultrasonic microvibration and UODs cause less damage to the bone than RODs.
Efficacy of Interceptor® G2, a Long-Lasting Insecticide Mixture Net Treated with Chlorfenapyr and Alpha-Cypermethrin Against Anopheles Funestus: Experimental Hut Trials in North-Eastern Tanzania
Authors: Tungu Patrick , Michael Elisante , Sudi Wema , Kisinza William , Rowland Mark 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), the primary method for preventing malaria in Africa, is compromised by evolution and spread of pyrethroid resistance. Further gains require new insecticides with novel modes of action. Chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide that disrupts mitochrondrial function and confers no cross-resistance to neurotoxic insecticides. Interceptor® G2 LN (IG2) is an insecticide-mixture LLIN which combines wash-resistant formulations of chlorfenapyr and the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin. Our objective was to determine IG2 efficacy under controlled household-like conditions for personal protection and control of wild, pyrethroid-resistant Anopheline funestus mosquitoes. MethodsExperimental hut trials tested IG2 efficacy against two positive controls - a chlorfenapyr-treated net and a standard alpha-cypermethrin LLIN, Interceptor LN (IG1) - consistent with World Health Organisation (WHO) evaluation guidelines. Mosquito mortality, blood-feeding inhibition, personal protection, repellency and insecticide-induced exiting were recorded after zero and 20 washing cycles. The trial was repeated twice and analysed using multivariate and meta-analysis. ResultsIn the two trials held in NE Tanzania, A. funestus mortality was 2.27 (risk ratio 95% CI 1.13-4.56) times greater with unwashed Interceptor G2 than with unwashed Interceptor LN (p=0.012). There was no significant loss in mortality with IG2 between 0 and 20 washes (1.04, 95% CI 0.83-1.30, p=0.73). Comparison with chlorfenapyr treated net indicated that most mortality was induced by the chlorfenapyr component of IG2 (0.96, CI 0.74-1.23), while comparison with Interceptor LN indicated blood-feeding was inhibited by the pyrethroid component of IG2 (IG2: 0.70, CI 0.44-1.11 vs IG1: 0.61, CI 0.39-0.97). Both insecticide components contributed to exiting from the huts but the contributions were heterogeneous between trials (heterogeneity Q=36, P=0.02). WHO susceptibility tests with pyrethroid papers recorded 44% survival in A. funestus. ConclusionsThe high mortality recorded by IG2 against pyrethroid-resistant A. funestus provides first field evidence of high efficacy against this primary, anthropophilic, malaria vector.
Association Between Serum Uric Acid And Major Chronic Diseases Among Centenarians In China: Based On The CHCCS&nbsp;Study
Authors: Kou Fuyin , Yang Shanshan , Wang Shengshu , Liu Miao , He Yao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to analyze the distribution of SUA level based on more than 1,000 centenarians and to explore the association with three common diseases including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Methods: All the 1002 centenarians from the CHCCS were included. Household survey was conducted. Results: The mean SUA level of centenarians was 329.04±97.75μmol/L and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in centenarians was 26.5%. There was no statistical difference in the distribution of SUA levels among centenarians with or without hypertension/diabetes. For dyslipidemia, there was an independent positive association. The risk of dyslipidemia among those with hyperuricemia were 1.646 (95%CI: 1.078-2.298) compared with those who didn’t have hyperuricemia. By comparing different subtypes of dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia and low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, with the corresponding ORs of 2.553 (95%CI: 1.282-5.083) and 1.927 (95%CI: 1.273-2.917) respectively, while there was no statistically significant association with hypercholesterolemia 0.998 (95%CI: 0.574-1.732). Conclusions: There was no relation between SUA with hypertension or diabetes, while there was independently and positively association with hypertriglyceridemia and low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia. The health benefits of controlling SUA in centenarians still require evidence based on prospective studies.
Intra-database Validation of Case-identifying Algorithms Using Reconstituted Electronic Health Records From Healthcare Claims Data
Authors: Thurin Nicolas Henri , Bosco-Levy Pauline , Blin Patrick , Rouyer Magali , Jové Jérémy , Lamarque Stéphanie , Séverine Lignot , Lassalle Régis , Abouelfath Abdelilah , Emmanuelle Bignon , Pauline Diez , Gross-Goupil Marine , Soulié Michel , Roumiguié Mathieu , Moulec Sylvestre Le , Debouverie Marc , Brochet Bruno , Guillemin Francis , Louapre Céline , Maillart Elisabeth , Heinzlef Olivier , Moore Nicholas , Cécile Droz-Perroteau 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Diagnosis performances of case-identifying algorithms developed in healthcare database are usually assessed by comparing identified cases with an external data source. When this is not feasible, intra-database validation can present an appropriate alternative.Objectives: To illustrate through two practical examples how to perform intra-database validations of case-identifying algorithms using reconstituted Electronic Health Records (rEHRs).Methods: Patients with 1) multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses and 2) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were identified in the French nationwide healthcare database (SNDS) using two case-identifying algorithms. A validation study was then conduct to estimate diagnostic performances of these algorithms through the calculation of their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). To that end, anonymized rEHRs were generated based on the overall information captured in the SNDS over time (e.g. procedure, hospital stays, drug dispensing, medical visits) for a random selection of patients identified as cases or non-cases according to the predefined algorithms. For each diseases, an independent validation committee reviewed the rEHRs of 100 cases and 100 non-cases in order to adjudicate on the status of the selected patients (true case/ true non-case), blinded with respect to the result of the corresponding algorithm. Results: Algorithm for relapses identification in MS showed a 95% PPV and 100% NPV and for mCRPC identification, a 97% PPV and 99% NPV. Conclusion: The use of rEHRs to conduct an intra-database validation appears to be a valuable tool to estimate the performances of a case-identifying algorithm and assess its validity, in the absence of alternative.
Effect on 30-day Mortality and Duration of Hospitalization of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy in CRGNB-Infected Pneumonia
Authors: li rongrong , Tang Hao , Xu Huaming , Cui Kunwei , Li Shujin , Shen Jilu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate whether unreasonable empirical antibiotic treatment(UEAT) had an impact on 30-day mortality and duration of hospitalization in bacterial pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB).MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving CRGNB-infected pneumonia. All patients received empirical and targeted antibiotic treatment. The exposure variable was treated with empirical antibiotic treatment(EAT) within 48 hours of incubation and the outcome was 30-day mortality and duration of hospitalization. Moreover, we also considered other variables that might be relevant and conducted multivariable regression analysis of 30-day mortality and duration of hospitalization.ResultsThe experiment collected 310 cases, the most common bacterium is Acinetobacter baumannii (211/310 [68%]) and the others were Klebsiella pneumoniae(46/310 [15%])、Pseudomonas aeruginosa and others (53/310 [17%]). 76/310 (24.5%) patients received appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment(REAT). In the analysis of risk factors, dementia, unconsciousness were risk factors of 30-day mortality and pulmonary disease, hemodynamic support at culture taken day and recent surgery were risk factors for longer hospital stay. 30-day mortality was 9 of 76(11.84%) with REAT vs 36 of 234 (15.38%) with UEAT (P =0.447), UEAT was not associated with 30-day mortality. On the contrary, there was difference between REAT and UEAT(P=0.023) in the analysis of EAT on hospitalization time.Conclusions﻿UEAT was not associated with 30-day mortality while was related to duration of hospitalization in CRGNB-infected pneumonia, in which Acinetobacter baumanniii accouned for the majority.
Adherence to Standard Treatment Guidelines Among Prescribers in Primary Healthcare Facilities in the Dodoma Region of Tanzania
Authors: Wiedenmayer Karin Anne , Ombaka Eva , Kabudi Baraka , Canavan Robert , Rajkumar Sarah , Chilunda Fiona , Sungi Selemani , Stoermer Manfred 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human resources which impedes its effectiveness to deliver dependable and uniform quality healthcare. Adherence to standard treatment guidelines (STG) can help provide more consistent and correct diagnoses and treatments and limit the irrational use of medicines and the negative health consequences that can occur as a result. The purpose of this study was to investigate prescribers’ adherence of their diagnoses and respective treatments to national STG and to identify potential areas for planning interventions.Methods: A cross sectional study on prescribers’ adherence to diagnosis and treatment, according to national STG, was conducted in 2012 in public, primary healthcare facilities (HCF) in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. Information on 2886 patients was collected, prospectively and retrospectively, from 120 HCF across the Dodoma region using a structured questionnaire. Twenty-five, broadly defined, main illness groups were recorded and the nine most prevalent and relevant conditions were statistically analysed in detail. Results: Diagnoses and related treatments were recorded and analysed in 2872 cases. The nine most prevalent conditions were upper respiratory tract infections (25%), malaria (18%), diarrhoea (9.9%), pneumonia (6.1%), skin problems (5.8%), gastrointestinal diagnoses (5%), urinary tract infections (4%), worm infestations (3.6%) and eye problems (2.1%). Only 1.8% of all diagnoses were non-communicable diseases. The proportion of prescribers’ primary diagnoses that completely adhered to national STG was 599 (29.9%), those that partially adhered totalled 775 (38.7%), wrong medication was given in 621 (30.9%) cases and no diagnosis or medication was given in nine cases (0.5%). Sixty-one percent of all patients received an antibiotic regardless of the diagnoses. Complete adherence was highest when worms were diagnosed and lowest for diarrhoea. The proportion of cases that did not adhere to STG was highest with patients with skin problems and lowest for malaria.Conclusion: Prescribers’ general adherence to national STG in primary HCF in the public sector in Dodoma region is sub-optimal. The reasons are multifaceted, and focused attention directed at improving prescribing and pharmacotherapy is required with a view of improving patient care and health outcomes.
High Conversion Rate to Total Hip Arthroplasty after Hemiarthroplasty in Young Patients: Single-center, Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study with a Minimum Follow-up of 10 Years
Authors: Moon Nam Hoon , Shin Won Chul , Do Min Uk , Kang Sang Woo , Lee Sang-Min , Suh Kuen Tak 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) in patients aged < 60 years and to analyze the risk factors for acetabular erosion after BHA. Methods: This retrospective study included 114 patients who underwent BHA were followed-up for at least 10 years. The mean age was 54.1 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 13.8 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of acetabular erosion, and the preoperative parameters were compared between the two groups. Moreover, the risk factors related to acetabular erosion after BHA were analyzed using statistical comparisons.Results: Reoperation was performed in 44 of the 114 patients (38.6%). The survival rate when the end point was reoperation related to acetabular erosion was found to be significantly time-dependent: 73.2% at 5 years, 48.8% at 10 years, and 25.9% at 15 years. The acetabular erosion group showed significantly younger age at the time of surgery, higher body mass index (BMI), more avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and smaller prosthetic femoral head. The final multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that young age at the time of surgery were independent risk factors for acetabular erosion after BHA in patients aged < 60 years.Conclusion: The minimum 10-year follow-up outcomes of BHA in patients aged < 60 years showed a relatively high conversion rate to total hip arthroplasty. When considering BHA in younger patients, more careful decisions should be made with respect to patient’s choice, keeping in mind that long-term survival cannot be guaranteed.
Reliability of maternal recall of delivery and immediate newborn care indicators in Sarlahi, Nepal
Authors: Carter Emily D , Chang Karen , Mullany Luke , Khatry Subarna , LeClerq Steven , Munos Melinda , Katz Joanne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The intrapartum period is a time of high mortality risk for newborns and mothers. Numerous interventions exist to minimize risk during this period. Data on intervention coverage are needed for health system improvement. Maternal report of intrapartum interventions through surveys is the primary source of coverage data, but they may be invalid or unreliable. Methods: We assessed the reliability of maternal report of delivery and immediate newborn care for a sample of home and health facility births in Sarlahi, Nepal. Mothers were visited as soon as possible following delivery (<72 hours) and asked to report circumstances of labor and delivery. A subset was revisited 1-24 months after delivery and asked to recall interventions received using standard household survey questions. We assessed the reliability of each indicator by comparing what mothers reported immediately after delivery against what they reported at the follow-up survey. We assessed potential variation in reliability of maternal report by characteristics of the mother, birth event, or intervention prevalence.Results: 1502 mother/child pairs were included in the reliability study, with approximately half of births occurring at home. A higher proportion of women who delivered in facilities reported “don’t know” when asked to recall specific interventions both initially and at follow-up. Most indicators had high observed percent agreement, but kappa values were below 0.4, indicating agreement was primarily due to chance. Only “received any injection during delivery” demonstrated high reliability among all births (kappa: 0.737). The reliability of maternal report was typically lower among women who delivered at a facility. There was no difference in reliability based on time since birth of the follow-up interview. We observed over-reporting of interventions at follow-up that were more common in the population and under-reporting of less common interventions.Conclusions: This study reinforces previous findings that mothers are unable to report reliably on many interventions within the peripartum period effectively. Household surveys which rely on maternal report, therefore, may not be an appropriate method for collecting data on coverage of many interventions during the peripartum period. This is particularly true among facility births, where many interventions may occur without the mother’s full knowledge.
Assessment of Local Supply Chains and Stock Management Practices for Trauma Care Resources in Ghana: A Comparative Small Sample Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Boakye Godfred , Gyedu Adam , Stewart Melissa , Donkor Peter , Mock Charles , Stewart Barclay T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Injuries are a major public health problem globally. With sound planning and organization, essential trauma care can be reliably provided with relatively low-cost equipment and supplies. However, availability of these resources requires an effective and efficient supply chain and good stock management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess trauma care resource-related supply management structures and processes at health facilities in Ghana. By doing so, the findings may allow us to identify specific structures and processes that could be improved to facilitate higher quality and more timely care. Methods: Ten hospitals were purposively selected using results from a previously performed national trauma care capacity assessment of hospitals of all levels in Ghana. Five hospitals with low resource availability and 5 hospitals with high resource availability were assessed using the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Logistics Indicators Assessment Tool and stock ledger review. Data were described and stock management practices were correlated with resource availability. Results: There were differences in stock management practices between low and high resource availability hospitals, including frequency of reporting and audit, number of stock-outs on day of assessment (median 9 vs 2 stock-outs, range 3 – 57 vs 0 – 9 stock-outs, respectively; p=0.05), duration of stock-outs (median 171 vs 8 days, range 51 – 1,268 vs 0 – 182 days, respectively; p=0.02), and fewer of up-to-date stock cards (24 vs 31 up-to-date stock cards, respectively; p=0.07). Stock-outs were common even among low-cost, essential resources (e.g., nasal cannulas and oxygen masks, endotracheal tubes, syringes, sutures, sterile gloves). Increased adherence to stock management guidelines and higher percentage of up-to-date stock cards were correlated with higher trauma resource availability scores. However, the variance in trauma resource availability scores was poorly explained by these individual factors or when analyzed in a multivariate regression model (r2=0.72; p value for each covariate between 0.17 – 0.34). Conclusions: Good supply chain and stock management practices are correlated with high trauma care resource availability. The findings from this study demonstrate several opportunities to improve stock management practices, particularly at low resource availability hospitals.