bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural design and performance of the first hepatic portal blood flow blocker
Authors: Shi Geng Q. , Yin Shuai S. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Laparoscopic surgery has been gradually promoted by people because of its advantages of small trauma and quick recovery.

Methods:
However, the operation is difficult, the first hepatic portal should be completely fastened during the operation. In this paper, through the study of the existing structure of the blocker, a kind of blood flow blocker for the first hepatic hilum blocking under laparoscope is designed. All kinds of parameters were calibrated through equation calculation, and the pressure guiding the blood flow blocking of hepatic portal during operation was calculated.

Results:
The dynamic analysis was carried out with ANSYS software, and it was found that the fluid movement state was most uniform when the airflow velocity reached 8 m/s. The experimental apparatus was set up to simulate the process of hepatic portal vein being blocked in vitro, then the feasibility of blocking effect was evaluated.

Conclusions:
Finally, it is concluded that the designed blood flow blocking device can have good blocking effect on blood vessels.

Highlights
Health-Related Quality of Life, Self-esteem and Sexual Functioning Among Patients Operated for Penile Cancer – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Harju Eeva , Pakarainen Tomi , Vasarainen Hanna , Törnävä Minna , Helminen Mika , Perttilä Ilkka , Kaipia Antti 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPenile cancer surgery affects physical, psychological, and sexual well-being, but the patient- and treatment-related factors predisposing to worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have not been well characterized.AimWe report treatment-related HRQoL changes among penile cancer survivors compared to the general population and the specific deficits that have the most profound effect, and we identify patient-related factors that predispose to a worse perceived HRQoL.MethodsPatients (n = 107) who underwent operations for invasive penile cancer in two Finnish university hospitals from 2009 to 2019 were sent the Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) questionnaire designed to measure HRQoL, self-esteem, overall sexual functioning, erections, and change in sexual function. We collected clinical information and socio-demographic characteristics, including age, partner status, children, vocational education, and employment status. Associations between patient- and treatment-related factors and HRQoL were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Linear regression models were used to compare the HRQoL differences between patients with penile cancer and the age-standardized average for the Finnish population.OutcomesA generic measure of HRQoL (15D), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Overall Sexual Functioning Questionnaire, the Erection Hardness Score, and self-reported change in sexual functioning.RESULTSLow scores in overall sexual functioning, erectile function, and changes in sexual functioning were associated with a lower HRQoL. An association was found between HRQoL and age, educational level, employment status, and place of residence. The HRQoL had a negative correlation with age. Patients with a high educational level, who were employed, or who lived in urban areas reported higher HRQoL. The mean HRQoL of penile cancer survivors was significantly lower than the age-standardized average HRQoL of the Finnish population.Clinical ImplicationsEnhanced support and counseling is needed among penile cancer patients to improve the HRQoL during survivorship.Strengths & LimitationsA nationwide sample with detailed information allowed comparisons of HRQoL between penile cancer patients and the general population. Due to cross-sectional nature of the study, the time between the surgery and the study intervention was heterogeneous, and this may have affected the results.CONCLUSIONPenile cancer patients exhibit significant physical and psychological dysfunction, and the lack of sexual activity in general is what most compromises the QoL of penile cancer survivors.
Voltage synchronisation for hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion systems
Authors: Ibrahim K. , Sampath S. , Nalianda D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing demand for commercial air travel is projected to have additional environmental impact through increased emissions from fuel burn. This has necessitated the improvement of aircraft propulsion technologies and proposal of new concepts to mitigate this impact. The hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion system has been identified as a potential method to achieve this improvement. However, there are many challenges to overcome. One such challenges is the combination of electrical power sources and the best strategy to manage the power available in the propulsion system. Earlier methods reviewed did not quantify the mass and efficiency penalties incurred by each method, especially at system level. This work compares three power management approaches on the basis of feasibility, mass and efficiency. The focus is on voltage synchronisation and adaptation to the load rating. The three methods are the regulated rectification, the generator field flux variation and the buck-boost. This comparison was made using the propulsion system of the propulsive fuselage aircraft concept as the reference electrical configuration. Based on the findings, the generator field flux variation approach appeared to be the most promising, based on a balance of feasibility, mass and efficiency, for a 2.6MW system.
Mobilizing cross-disciplinary teams to advance translational research using design thinking methods
Authors: LaPensee Elizabeth , Doshi Aalap , Salem Barbara , Jazdzyk Dianne , Steen Kaylee , Cantrell Mark , Somers Emily 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Funding agencies are increasingly seeking team-based approaches to tackling complex research questions, but there is a need to mobilize translational teams and create shared visions and strategic action plans long before specific funding opportunities are considered or even released. This is particularly evident for teams who want to pursue large-scale grants, where cross-disciplinary synergy is often required. In response, we created Research Jams, which are engaging yet structured brainstorming sessions that bring together groups for the first time to collectively generate novel research ideas, critically map the future of initiatives, prioritize opportunities and next steps, and build community. Research Jams leveraged various aspects of design thinking, including divergence and convergence, visual thinking, and amplifying diversity. We piloted seven Research Jams for a collective 129 researchers, staff, and partners across 50 University of Michigan units and external organizations. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with the vast majority of survey respondents indicating that the sessions were helpful for surfacing shared ideas or visions and that opportunities emerged they would like to pursue. Research Jams were ideal for cross-disciplinary groups who wanted to collaboratively ideate and strategize around complex problems in translational research. Importantly, these models have the potential for implementation with groups in any disciplinary domain who want to spur collaborations to address challenging problems. Our ultimate goal is for Research Jams to be the first intervention within a comprehensive support pathway that extends from early brainstorming all the way to grant submission.
eLegalls: Enriching a Legal Justice System in the Emerging Legal Informatics and Legal Tech Era
Authors: Sharma Sugam , Sony A.L. Reeta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe research footprint of Information Technology (IT) in a legal system has not grown with the same pace as it has penetrated other domains. More specifically, in developing countries such as India, where the digitalization revolution is underway, the growth of legal informatics (LI) is still premature and very limited traces of IT can be observed to assist and elevate the legal system, which still functions very much in an old school way. The faster growth of population and the diminishing proportion of judicial executives and the deteriorating law and order situation along with declining human rights demand the urgent evolution of LI to grow at a very rapid pace to attain its maturity. However, the human harassments are pretty prevailing across the nation, but its intensity increases manifold when it comes to the law-enforcement agencies tasked with responsible policing, more specifically, the state police, which often operates with compromised work ethics. The situation becomes more appalling with a vulnerable population, especially women. As a result, such a population often does not muster enough courage to go to a police station to file their complaints despite acute mental and emotional pain. This is to avoid further trauma by police harassment and ergo a large number of cases go unnoticed. An underprivileged rape victim, who tries to file a report by going to a police station is a classic example of such a situation; where she is not only denied, but also gets harassed by insensitive police official(s) at the station; consequently, a good number of such victims do not go and their cases are not reported.In this research work, we have developed a computational framework, called eLegalls, an LI-enabled innovation, as an effective solution to the above stated issues. The eLegalls system facilitates users to file their reports to police in their geographic jurisdiction, through its efficient and secure interface without any in-person visit. The eLegalls will help the vulnerable population to avoid unwanted denial and impending harassment by the police official(s) at the police station. The system is also equipped with some secure and pertinent features for the lawyers or attorneys to efficiently advocate in assigned cases. The eLegalls is envisioned to eventually be a successful legal tech, effectively serving the community.
Mediterranean diet scoring systems: understanding the evolution and applications for Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries
Authors: Hutchins-Wiese Heather L. , Bales Connie W. , Porter Starr Kathryn N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet (MedD) is a flexible dietary pattern which has such variability that has led to inconsistencies in definitions and assessment. The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate scoring systems in a cultural and geographic context, from Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries, for comparison and application. The early MedD scoring systems (i.e. Trichopoulou’s MedD Scale (T-MDS) and alternative MedD Scale (aMed)) are widely applied throughout the world but use population-specific median cut-offs which limit interpretation and cross-study comparisons. The T-MDS and aMed also do not account for non-traditional MedD foods which are consumed in greater quantities than when the scoring systems were developed. Scoring systems developed after the MedD pyramid publication in 2011 have generally used these recommendations as a basis for food group intake cut-offs, incorporating more foods/food groups as negative components, and some have included dietary and lifestyle behaviours. The different approaches to MedD assessment have created much variability in the foods/food group components included in scoring systems. Assessments that include dietary and lifestyle behaviours may reflect the nutrition transition occurring in Mediterranean countries and better guide clinical intervention approaches. While the new scoring systems are theorised to better capture MedD adherence and behaviours, comparisons are sparse in the literature and none exists outside of Europe. Consensus on food and dietary behaviours to include as well as the methodology for assigning points in MedD scoring systems is needed to advance our understanding of MedD and health relationships to promote public health messaging and clinical application.
Oxytocin and cortisol release during suckling, hand-milking and machine milking in camels
Authors: Brahmi Marwa , Atigui Moufida , Hammadi Ihmen , Portanguen Jacques , Hammadi Mohamed , Marnet Pierre-Guy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) could be released during suckling and during milking with and without the presence of a calf and that this release could be regulated by maternal behaviour. Plasma concentration patterns of OT and cortisol (CORT) were measured in six Tunisian dromedary camels during 2 suckling episodes, 2 manual milking episodes with calves beside the mother and 2 machine milking episodes without calves present. Various patterns of OT release were observed between each camel including specific two peak release patterns. Higher plasma OT concentrations were found during the suckling and hand-milking episodes with simultaneous suckling of calves, than during the machine milking episodes without calves. Exclusive mechanical milking episodes also evoked significant mean OT release, although greatly reduced compared to suckling and hand milking. The low basal levels and classical CORT release patterns suggested non-stressful management practices were used and there were very limited differences in udder stimulation between managements. The OT release induced by exclusive suckling and suckling together with hand-milking gives a reference point for what a good milk ejection stimulation is in camels. The important and specific reduction of OT release during machine milking without the calf present could be a physiological consequence of the maternal behaviour (selectivity for the own young) and to a lesser extent explained by a lower stimulation by machine milking.
MASSED TASK REPETITION IS A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD FOR FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi , Hanzawa Keiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo examine the effects of task repetition with different schedules, English-as-a-foreign-language classroom learners performed the same oral narrative task six times under three different schedules. They narrated the same six-frame cartoon story (a) six times consecutively in one class (massed practice), (b) three times at the beginning and at the end of a class (short-spaced practice), and (c) three times as a part of two classes 1 week apart (long-spaced practice). The results yielded by an immediate posttest using a novel cartoon showed that massed practice reduced breakdown fluency (mid-clause and clause-final pauses) the most. However, the participants in the massed-practice group showed degraded speed (slower articulation rate) and repair fluency (more verbatim repetition). The effects of repetition schedule seem limited on a 1-week delayed posttest involving a novel cartoon. Yet, when participants narrated the same practiced cartoon 1 week later, massed practice also resulted in more verbatim repetition.
Isolation thresholds for curbing SARS-CoV-2 resurgence
Authors: Yakob Laith 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf-instigated isolation is heavily relied on to curb severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Accounting for uncertainty in the latent and prepatent periods, as well as the proportion of infections that remain asymptomatic, the limits of this intervention at different phases of infection resurgence are estimated. We show that by October 2020, SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates in England had already begun exceeding levels that could be interrupted using this intervention alone, lending support to the second national lockdown on 5th November 2020.
RUTAS DE COMUNICACIÓN PREHISPÁNICAS Y GEOPOLÍTICA EN LAS MONTAÑAS DEL NORTE DE CHIAPAS, MEXICO
Authors: Sheseña Alejandro , Lozada Josuhé , Tovalín Alejandro , Cruz Francisco 
Published: July 2021

RESUMENEste artículo se centra en la reconstrucción de las rutas de comunicación que transitaban por una de las áreas menos estudiadas del norte de Chiapas durante el periodo clásico. El resultado es ilustrado a través de un mapa de rutas óptimas, publicado por vez primera, elaborado con auxilio de SIG. Las rutas reconstruidas son además discutidas en el artículo como determinantes para la configuración de la geopolítica local prevaleciente en ese entonces. Este artículo tiene el mérito adicional de reunir toda la información existente que había estado dispersa sobre sitios arqueológicos en esta área de estudio.
A captorhinid-dominated assemblage from the palaeoequatorial Permian of Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean)
Authors: MATAMALES-ANDREU Rafel , ROIG-MUNAR Francesc X. , OMS Oriol , GALOBART Àngel , FORTUNY Josep 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTMoradisaurine captorhinid eureptiles were a successful group of high-fibre herbivores that lived in the arid low latitudes of Pangaea during the Permian. Here we describe a palaeoassemblage from the Permian of Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), consisting of ichnites of small captorhinomorph eureptiles, probably moradisaurines (Hyloidichnus), and parareptiles (cf.Erpetopus), and bones of two different taxa of moradisaurines. The smallest of the two is not diagnostic beyond Moradisaurinaeincertae sedis. The largest one, on the other hand, shows characters that are not present in any other known species of moradisaurine (densely ornamented maxillar teeth), and it is therefore described asBalearosaurus bombardensisgen. et sp. nov. Other remains found in the same outcrop are identified as cf.Balearosaurus bombardensisgen. et sp. nov., as they could also belong to the newly described taxon. This species is sister to the moradisaurine from the lower Permian of the neighbouring island of Mallorca, and is also closely related to the North American genusRothianiscus. This makes it possible to suggest the hypothesis that the Variscan mountains, which separated North America from southern Europe during the Permian, were not a very important palaeobiogeographical barrier to the dispersion of moradisaurines. In fact, mapping all moradisaurine occurrences known so far, it is shown that their distribution area encompassed both sides of the Variscan mountains, essentially being restricted to the arid belt of palaeoequatorial Pangaea, where they probably outcompeted other herbivorous clades until they died out in the late Permian.
ICESat‐2 Atmospheric Channel Description, Data Processing and First Results
Authors: Palm Stephen P. , Yang Yuekui , Herzfeld Ute , Hancock David , Hayes Adam , Selmer Patrick , Hart William , Hlavka Dennis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) was launched aboard the Ice Cloud and land‐Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2) satellite in September 2018. ATLAS is a single wavelength (532 nm) lidar system designed to acquire high resolution measurements of the earth's surface while also obtaining atmospheric backscatter from molecules, clouds, and aerosols. Because ATLAS is optimized for altimetry, the atmospheric data acquired is unique in many respects and requires non‐standard analysis techniques. For example, the high repetition rate laser limits the vertical extent of the profiles to just 14 km and causes atmospheric scattering from above 15 km to be added to the scattering in the lower 0–14 km profile. In addition, the limited vertical range of the acquired profiles renders it difficult to compute the magnitude of the solar background and hinders the application of standard calibration techniques. Despite these limitations, methods have been developed to successfully produce data products that have value to the atmospheric community for cloud and aerosol research and are currently available at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). In this paper we describe the ICESat‐2 atmospheric channel and the methods used to process the ATLAS raw photon count data to obtain calibrated backscatter and higher level products such as layer heights and type, blowing snow, column optical depth and apparent surface reflectance.
A Comparison of Radial Diffusion Coefficients in 1‐D and 3‐D Long‐Term Radiation Belt Simulations
Authors: Drozdov A. Y. , Allison H. J. , Shprits Y. Y. , Elkington S. R. , Aseev N. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadial diffusion is one of the dominant physical mechanisms driving acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons. A number of parameterizations for radial diffusion coefficients have been developed, each differing in the data set used. Here, we investigate the performance of different parameterizations by Brautigam and Albert (2000), https://doi.org/10.1029/1999ja900344, Brautigam et al. (2005), https://doi.org/10.1029/2004ja010612, Ozeke et al. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1002/2013ja019204, Ali et al. (2015), https://doi.org/10.1002/2014ja020419; Ali et al. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023002; Ali (2016), and Liu et al. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl067398 on long‐term radiation belt modeling using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code, and compare the results to Van Allen Probes observations. First, 1‐D radial diffusion simulations are performed, isolating the contribution of solely radial diffusion. We then take into account effects of local acceleration and loss showing additional 3‐D simulations, including diffusion across pitch‐angle, energy, and mixed diffusion. For the L* range studied, the difference between simulations with Brautigam and Albert (2000), https://doi.org/10.1029/1999ja900344, Ozeke et al. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1002/2013ja019204, and Liu et al. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl067398 parameterizations is shown to be small, with Brautigam and Albert (2000), https://doi.org/10.1029/1999ja900344 offering the smallest averaged (across multiple energies) absolute normalized difference with observations. Using the Ali et al. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023002 parameterization tended to result in a lower flux than both the observations and the VERB simulations using the other coefficients. We find that the 3‐D simulations are less sensitive to the radial diffusion coefficient chosen than the 1‐D simulations, suggesting that for 3‐D radiation belt models, a similar result is likely to be achieved, regardless of whether Brautigam and Albert (2000), https://doi.org/10.1029/1999ja900344, Ozeke et al. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1002/2013ja019204, and Liu et al. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl067398 parameterizations are used.