bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized Photo-Thermo-Microstretch Elastic Solid Semiconductor Medium Due To Excitation Process
Authors: lotfy kh. , El-Bary A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel model in the theory of photo-thermoelasticity with microstretch properties is studied. The plasma-elastic-thermal plane waves are propagated in a linear isotropic generalized photo-thermo-microstretch elastic semiconductor solid medium. The photothermal excitation occurs in the context of the microinertia of microelement process during two dimensions (2D) deformation. The harmonic wave techniques are used to get the solutions for the basic variables. The analytical solution of the main physical fields; carrier intensity, normal displacement components, temperature, stress load force, microstress and tangential coupled stress can be obtained. Some graphics illustrated when using the plasma, thermal and mechanical load boundary conditions, which they apply at the outer free surface of the elastic medium. Some semiconductor materials as silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) are used to make the numerical simulation and some comparisons in different thermal memories are made. The main physical variables with new parameters are discussed theoretically and shown graphically.
Ramularia leaf spot and Boll rot are affected differently by organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization in cotton plants
Authors: Palma-Zambrano Oscar , Zambrano-Gavilanes Freddy , Portalanza Diego , Fiallos Felipe R. Rafael Garcés 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In this work, the interaction among nitrogen fertilization using bovine manure, poultry manure, Jatropha curcas seed cake and urea, and the diseases Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) and Boll rot (BR), caused by Ramulariopsis pseudoglycines and Diplodia gossypina, respectively, on cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.), was studied under field conditions. The intensity (incidence and severity in percentage) of RLS and the incidence (%) of BR were evaluated six times, starting in the reproductive stage B1 (first visible flower bud). A randomized complete block experimental design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement (fertilizers x dose), totaling 16 treatments were used. The disease progress was analyzed with the nonlinear Logistic and Gomperts models, obtaining the initial disease's epidemiological parameters (Y0) and progress rate (r). Results: Cotton plants fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 of J. curcas seed cake and poultry manure with 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 showed an incidence between 16 and 21% of RLS. In contrast, plants fertilized with bovine manure presented the highest incidence of ramularia leaf spot (33%). Regarding factor B (dose), cotton plants fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1, showed a higher percentage of BR incidence, being different from those fertilized with the other doses. In the analysis of the interaction corresponding to the BR incidence, no response pattern was found in the doses for each fertilizer. No correlation was observed between the three health variables analyzed, finding probabilities between 0.002 and 0.892. In the temporal progress of RLS incidence, it was shown that fertilization with J. curcas seedcake and poultry manure was lower than the rest. In severity, the plants were fertilized by J. curcas seedcake concerning the rest. The progression curve of RLS severity temporarily increased similarly, observing that plants fertilized with higher doses reached a lower final proportion of the disease.Regarding the modeling of epidemics using the nonlinear Logistic and Gompertz models, the first model better represented the RLS, except for factor B, where none of the curves was significant. In the Logistic model, a lower amount of initial disease was found (Y0) of RLS, both in incidence (0.259) as in severity (0.081), in plants fertilized with J. curcas seed cake and poultry manure, compared to the rest. For the case of BR incidence, none of the nonlinear models used could be represented.Conclusions: Plants fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1, presented an incidence twice higher than those obtained with other fertilizers. The Logistic model better fits RLS, but no model was adapted to BR. Only the RLS epidemiological parameters were affected differently in this experiment compared to BR disease.
Time Resolved Photon Fluencies for Different Input Angle Sources
Authors: kazanci huseyin ozgur , Niitsu Kiichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The variation of photon fluence distributions [photon/cm2.s] for different input angle laser sources was shown by researchers experimentally [1]. According to this philosophy, different input angle source and detector photon entrance from tissue surface into imaging media have different photon fluence distributions for a specific tissue type. In this study, different input angle simulations were used for pulsed laser photons which uses time resolved (TR) Monte Carlo (MC) photon-tissue interaction simulation program to prove the philosophy in TR run mode. TR run mode MC simulation program trmc.c [2] was modified and used to generate TR photon counts inside the homogenous simulation environment. It has homogeneous tissue optical properties, absorption μa = 0.1 cm-1, scattering μs = 100 cm-1, and anisotropy g = 0.90 coefficients. Multi-input angle philosophy was first demonstrated by the researchers [1]. It was defined and experimentally proven. Photon fluencies which are forward model weight matrix coefficients differences were successfully shown for TR laser as a general procedure. In this study, differences were drawn for seven different input angle sources with pulsed laser photons. The proof-of-concept philosophy was shown successfully. The purpose of the use of pulsed laser is to show the righteousness of the philosophy in TR run mode, since the TR diffuse optical tomography (TRDOT) device would be made as a biomedical optic imaging (BOI) device. Cylindrical radial coordinate system which was defined in trmc.c [2] in earlier was used, the code was modified, and photon fluencies were generated based on the different input angle laser photons. Cylindrical coordinate system has 1 cm and 36-element radial r, and depth z grids. 100.000 photons were sent from pencil beam tissue surface point. Photons would be thought as group of ultra-narrow band pulsed laser photons. The main purpose of showing photon fluencies for different laser source input angles were succeeded and image reconstruction procedure was also applied. Ten time series were used which are [4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 26, 30, 38, 46, 52] picoseconds (ps). Different input angle photon fluence distribution figures were drawn. These are 0º, 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, 90º. Photon fluence differences were also drawn and observed for different input angle laser sources. Forward model problem different input angle laser source and detector transfer functions were also drawn. Finally inlusion was embedded inside the homogenous simulation environment and images were reconstructed for both scenarios and localization error (LE), and concentration error (CE) was calculated for both scenarions and compared with each other.
Validation of the Updated Renal Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) for patients with renal cancer brain metastases treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Ruitenbeek Niels van , Ho Vincent , Westgeest Hans , Beerepoot Laurens , Hanssens Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Prognosis of patients with brain metastasis (BM) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is relevant for treatment decisions and can be estimated with the Renal Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA). The aim of this study is to validate the updated version of this instrument in a cohort treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) without prior local intracerebral therapy. Methods: Between 2007 and 2018, 100 RCC patients with BM were treated with GKRS. They were categorized according to the updated Renal GPA. Overall survival (OS), intracranial disease progression and intracranial local failure were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and risk factors were identified with Cox proportional hazard regressions. Results: Median OS was 10.4 months. Median OS for GPA categories 0.0-1.0 (10%), 1.5-2.0 (13%), 2.5-3.0 (37%) and 3.5-4.0 (31%) was 2.9, 5.5, 8.1 and 20.4 months, respectively. Karnofsky performance status <90, serum hemoglobin ≤12.5 g/dL, age >65 years and time from primary diagnosis to brain metastasis <1 year were significantly related with shorter survival, while presence of extracranial disease, the volume and total number of BM had no impact on OS. A total count of >4 BM was the only predictive factor for intracranial disease progression, while none of the investigated factors predicted intracranial local failure. Conclusions: This study confirms the updated Renal GPA in an independent cohort as a valuable instrument to estimate survival in patients with BM from RCC treated with GKRS.
Bacteriological Profile, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Factors Associated with Neonatal Septicaemia at Kilembe Mines Hospital, Kasese District Western Uganda
Authors: Henry Zamarano , Musinguzi Benson , Kabajulizi Immaculate , Manirakiza Godfrey , Guti Walker , muhwezi Ivan , Ahmed Hussei Ayan , Baweera Agnes , boazi Boaz Kabahinda , Itabangi Herbert , Bazira Joel , Kabanda Taseera 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal septicaemia is one of the most common leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to affect more than 30 million people worldwide annually, potentially leading to 6 million deaths. Objective(s): To determine the prevalence, bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal septicaemia among neonates seeking medical services at Kilembe mines hospital.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study where blood was drawn from 122 neonates that were seeking medical attention at Kilembe Mines Hospital during the period of July to November 2020. Specimens were inoculated in BHI broth, transported to Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital, plated daily up to 7 days on blood, chocolate, MacConkey agar and incubated in aerobic and 5% carbondioxide. Pure colonies were identified by gram stain, biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivities obtained by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Statistical significance set at P< 0.05 and logistic regression was used to determine predictors of neonatal septicaemia. Stata (version 14) used for statistical analysis.Results: Blood cultures were positive in 59.0% cases with 55.5% male and 44.4% female. EOS was present in 56.9% and LOS 43.1% of the cases. Gram negative (56.9%) organisms were most implicated with neonatal septicaemia than gram positives ones (43.1%). Gram positive organisms exhibited better susceptibility to amikacin, linezolid and vancomycin but more resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Of the aminoglycosides, amikacin exhibited a verge over netilmicin and gentamicin against gram negative isolates. Risk factors of neonatal septicaemia were mother’s age of ≥25 years, employed mothers, tertiary-level of education, SVD, ANC attendance of ≥4 times, UTI during pregnancy, PROMS, foul Smelling liquor, urban residence, neonatal birth weight of ≥2500g, Apgar score 1st and 5th min ≥6 and resuscitation.Conclusion: Multi-drug resistant organisms were isolated. Therefore caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy and avoid empirical treatment.
Exploring the Potential for Planning Support Systems to Bridge the Research-translation Gap Between Public Health and Urban Planning
Authors: Hooper Paula , Boulange Claire , Arciniegas Gustavo , Foster Sarah , Bolleter Julian , Pettit Chris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: There is consensus that planning professionals need clearer guidance on the features that are likely to produce optimal community-wide health benefits. However, much of this evidence resides in academic literature and not in tools accessible to the diverse group of professionals shaping our cities. This paper explores the role of planning support systems (PSS) to facilitate the translation and application of health evidence into urban planning and design practices to create healthy, liveable communities.Methods: A review of PSS software and studies featuring a planning support system with a built environment and health impact assessment for designing and creating healthy urban areas was undertaken. Customising existing software, a health impact PSS (the Urban Health Check) was then developed and applied to a real-world planning application with an industry partner allowing for: (i) automated calculation of built environment variables; (ii) “sketch planning” functionality; and (iii) a health impact indicator that estimates the probability of walking for transport. A participatory evaluation framework evaluated the "utility", "usability", and "usefulness" of the Urban Health Check.Results: Eleven PSS software applications were identified, of which three were identified as having the capability to undertake health impact analyses. Three studies met the inclusion criteria of presenting a planning support system customised to support health impact assessment with health impacts modelled or estimated due to changes to the built environment. Evaluation results indicated the Urban Health Check PSS helped in four key areas: visualisation of how the neighbourhood would change in response to a proposed plan; understanding how a plan could benefit the community; Communicate and improve understanding health of planning and design decisions that positively impact health outcomes; engagement – allowing community members to provide direct feedback and see the immediate implications of amendments to a proposed plan. Conclusions: The use of health-impact PSS have the potential to be transformative for the translation and application of health evidence into planning policy and practice, providing those responsible for the policy and practice of designing and creating our communities with access to quantifiable, evidence-based information about how their decisions might impact community health.
Commemorating One-Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Indonesian and International Issues of Secondary and Tertiary Mathematics Learning
Authors: Soesanto Robert , Dirgantoro Kurnia Putri Sepdikasari 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A year into the COVID-19 crisis has revealed massive and substantial changes in the world of education. Educators have had to quickly develop effective online learning environments for their students. This study focuses specifically on mathematics learning issues during this first pandemic year. A systematic literature study using a scope review approach was conducted to capture issues on a national and international scale in the context of secondary and tertiary education. Through the identification of national and international articles from various reputable journals, it was evident that there was little research that specifically explored learning mathematics online during the pandemic although several issues were found related to students’ mathematics competencies, aspects of learning, and affective domains. These findings will hopefully stimulate researchers to bridge the still large research gap related to the causality of implementing mathematics learning in times of crisis in order to contribute to developing pedagogical strategies to improve students’ mathematics performance and attitudes.
RalGAPα1is dispensable for embryonic cortical morphogenesisin mice
Authors: Xia Yingqian , Huang Chaoli , Zhu Sangsang , Chen Qiaoli , Chen Guiquan , Chen Shuai , Tai Guangping , Wang Hongyu , Zhang Jinping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Cortical morphogenesis is a complex process and involves a large number of genes. RalGAPα1 gene (also called Tulip1 ), mapped to chromosome 14q13.2, is a candidate gene for the 14q13 deletion syndrome associated with delayed brain development. However, it remains unknown whether RalGAPα1 directly regulates cortical development. Methods: To address the above question, we generated neural progenitor cells (NPCs) specific RalGAPα1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice through crossing RalGAPα1 f/f to Nestin-Cre transgenic (Tg) mice in which the Cre recombinase is expressed in neural progenitor cells and derived neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) since very early stage of development. Morphological, biochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods were used to evaluate brain development. Results: We found that the brain size, shape and cortical laminations were comparable between control and RalGAPα1 cKO mice. Moreover, the populations and proliferations of NPCs in the ventricular and subventricular zones were not different between control and RalGAPα1 cKO cortices. Conclusions: Inactivation of RalGAPα1 in the central nervous system in murine model does not significantly affect the embryonic cortical development. Keywords: RalGAPα1 ; cortical development; neural progenitor cells; neurodevelopmental disease
The Risk Factors of Polymicrobial Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Li Hao , Fu Jun , Chai Wei , Hao LiBo , Chen Jiying , Niu ErLong , Xu Chi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPeriprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty and polymicrobial PJI which compose a subtype of PJI often indicate worse outcomes compared to monomicrobial periprosthetic joint infection. However, a literature review suggested that there were limited number studies evaluating the risk factors of polymicrobial PJI. Materials and methodsBetween 2015 January and 2019 December, a total of 64 polymicrobial PJI patients and 158 monomicrobial PJI patients in a tertiary center were included in this study and corresponding medical records were scrutinized. The diagnosis of PJI was based on 2014 MSIS criteria. Logistic regression was used to identify the association between various variables and polymicrobial PJI and ROC curve was used to identify their efficiency. ResultsThe prevalence of polymicrobial PJI is about 28.28% in our cohorts. After adjusting, the presence of previous revisions (OR, 1.93; p < 0.01), isolation of enterococci (OR, 11.36; p < 0.01), isolation of Escherichia coli (OR, 6.55; p < 0.01), infection with atypical organisms (OR, 9.85; p < 0.01), infection with gram-negative organisms (OR, 6.33; p < 0.01), isolation of streptococcus spp (OR, 1.93; p < 0.01), and infection with CNS (OR, 1.93; p < 0.01) were risk factors of polymicrobial PJI compared to monomicrobial PJI. However, knee infection is a protection factor of polymicrobial PJI with an adjusted OR=0.0479 (p=0.023). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the prevalence of polymicrobial PJI is about 28.28% in culture-positive PJI patients. Moreover, the presence of sinus tract and previous joint revisions were risk factors for identifying different bacterial species in the intraoperative specimens. Therefore, in these PJI cases, it is necessary to examine multiple specimens of both intraoperative tissue and synovial fluid for increasing the detection rate and obtaining resistance information.
Celastrol Exerts Neuroprotective Effect via Directly Binding to Hmgb1 Protein in Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion
Authors: Liu Dandan , Luo Piao , Gu Liwei , Zhang Qian , Gao Peng , Zhu Yongping , Chen Xiao , Zhang Junzhe , Ma Nan , Wang Jigang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Celastrol is one of the early isolated and identified chemical constituents from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.. Based upon the celastrol probe that maintained the bioactivity of the parent compound, the targets of celastrol in cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) were comprehensively analyzed by quantitative chemical proteomics method.Methods: We constructed primary cortical neurons model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to detect the targets of celastrol in cerebral I/R. Combining with various experimental methods such as tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling, mass spectrometry and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we revealed the directly binding cellular targets of celastrol.Results: We uncovered that celastrol inhibited pro-inflammatory activity of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) by directly binding to it and then blocking the binding of HMGB1 to its inflammatory receptors in the microenvironment of ischemic and hypoxia. In addition, celastrol rescued neurons from OGD injury in vitro and decreased cerebral infarction in vivo by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB.Conclusion: Celastrol exhibited neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects via targeting HSP70 and NF-κB and directly binding to HMGB1 in cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.
Atomic-scale ferroic HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice gate stack for advanced transistors
Authors: Cheema Suraj , Shanker Nirmaan , Wang Li-Chen , Hsu Cheng-Hsiang , Hsu Shang-Lin , Liao Yu-Hung , Jose Matthew San , Gomez Jorge , Li Wenshen , Bae Jong-Ho , Volkman Steve , Kwon Daewoong , Rho Yoonsoo , Pinelli Gianni , Rastogi Ravi , Pipitone Dominick , Stull Corey , Cook Matthew , Tyrrell Brian , Stoica Vladimir , Zhang Zhan , Freeland John , Tassone Christopher , Mehta Apurva , Soheli Ghazal , Thompson David , Suh Dong Ik , Koo Won-Tae , Nam Kab-Jin , Jung Dong Jin , Song Woo-Bin , Lin Chung-Hsun , Nam Seunggeol , Heo Jinseong , Grigoropoulos Costas , Shafer Padraic , Fay Patrick , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Ciston Jim , Datta Suman , Mohamed Mohamed , Hu Chenming , Salahuddin Sayeef 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the scaling of lateral dimensions in advanced transistors, an increased gate capacitance is desirable both to retain the control of the gate electrode over the channel and to reduce the operating voltage. This led to the adoption of high-κ dielectric HfO2 in the gate stack in 2008, which remains as the material of choice to date. Here, we report HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice heterostructures as a gate stack, stabilized with mixed ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order, directly integrated onto Si transistors and scaled down to ~ 20 Å, the same gate oxide thickness required for high performance transistors. The overall EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors is equivalent to ~ 6.5 Å effective SiO2 thickness, which is, counterintuitively, even smaller than the interfacial SiO2 thickness (8.0-8.5 Å) itself. Such a low effective oxide thickness and the resulting large capacitance cannot be achieved in conventional HfO2-based high-κ dielectric gate stacks without scavenging the interfacial SiO2, which has adverse effects on the electron transport and gate leakage current. Accordingly, our gate stacks, which do not require such scavenging, provide substantially lower leakage current and no mobility degradation. Therefore, our work demonstrates that HfO2-ZrO2 multilayers with competing ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order, stabilized in the 2 nm thickness regime, provides a new path towards advanced gate oxide stacks in electronic devices beyond the conventional HfO2-based high-κ dielectrics.
Monkeypox viruses circulate in distantly-related small mammal species in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mariën Joachim , Laudisoit Anne , Patrono Livia , Baelo Pascal , Vredendaal Rianne van , Musaba Prescott , Gembu Guy , Mande Claude , Ngoy Steve , Mussaw Moise , Houtte Natalie Van , de Perre Frederik Van , Gryseels Sophie , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean , Bottieau Emmanuel , Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien , Leendertz Fabian , Leirs Herwig , Verheyen Erik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We determined near complete and complete monkeypox virus genomes in a shrew (Crocidura littoralis), two squirrels (Funisciurus anerythrus, Funisciurus bayonii), and produced shorter sequences from two rats (Stochomys longicaudatus, Cricetomys sp. 2) originating from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This suggests that a number of rodents besides squirrels (families Muridae and Nesomyidae) and shrews (order Eulipotyphla) are potential monkeypox virus reservoirs.