bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Indonesia
Authors: Novela Selly , Syarief Rizal , Fahmi Idqan , Arkeman Yandra 
Published: January 2021

Being a country with the fourth largest population in the world, but with an entrepreneur rate that only rank six at the ASEAN level, is a challenge for Indonesia. Entrepreneurship education plays an important role to increase entrepreneurial graduates of higher education. Global awareness of the importance of the role of entrepreneurship and innovation, in line with the growing awareness of higher education institutions, especially universities, to walk the entrepreneurial path. This study aims to form an entrepreneurial university model using a systems approach, where the university should not carry its own burden in carrying out the responsibilities of a third mission to help accelerate community development. The model produced using the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) method describes the sub-elements as the driver factor that influence the transformation process towards an entrepreneurial university. The elements of the entrepreneurial university model are come from the elements in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. One of the results showed that in Indonesia, producing entrepreneurial graduates as entrepreneurs is a very important factor and will encourage other factors, such as product commercialization, patents, and realizing science and techno parks, as has been achieved by several leading universities in the world.

Received: 2 November 2020 / Accepted: 11 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Requirements of Organization for Soft Skills as an Influencing Factor of Their Success
Authors: Kačamakovic Mersiha Kalač , Shehu Lokaj Alma 
Published: January 2021

Soft skills in the today organizations are considered to be one of the most evaluable components for success. Soft skills are traditionally considered complementary to hard skills, which are the ability to perform a particular type of task or activity. Given that businesses have different requirements and criteria for hiring workers, the reason for this research is to see how much organizations in Kosovo and Albania give importance to soft skills and how much they require these skills when hiring workers. We conducted this research with primary data, ie through questionnaires, to collect data questionnaires were distributed to various commercial, service and production organization in several cities of Kosovo and Albania. We based this study on Goleman's theory of emotional intelligence. And then to derive the most accurate statistics and results SPSS software package was used. The results of the analysis show that businesses in Kosovo and Albania mainly apply soft skills and consider them important for their development.

Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Factores de riesgo para primer episodio de accidente cerebro vascular encefálico a diferentes niveles de altitudrentes niveles de altitud
Authors: Romero Cordova Jose , Diaz Lazo Anibal 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo para el primer episodio de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) encefálico en personas que habitan a diferentes niveles de altitud. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico en dos hospitales situados a 150 m s.n.m. y 3250 m s.n.m, entre el año 2012 y el 2018. La muestra fue seleccionada según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El diagnostico de ACV fue determinado por tomografía o resonancia cerebral. Resultados. Se incluyeron 72 (100%) pacientes, 40 (55,5%) vivían a 150 m s.n.m. y 32 (44,5 %) a 3250 m s.n.m. Los promedios de edades fueron 64,3 +- 13,9 y 71,6 +- 14,0 años, respectivamente (p=0,033).El grupo etario más afectado tenía entre 70 a 79 años y se encontraba con mayor porcentaje en altura (43,7 % vs 27,5 %). Los factores de riesgo con mayor frecuencia para ACV a nivel del mar fueron la hipertensión arterial (95,0 % vs. 62,5 %), diabetes mellitus (47,5 % vs. 3,1 %) y fibrilación auricular (15% vs 0%) en comparación a la altura. El nivel socioeconómico bajo (81,2 % vs 27,5 %), el género femenino (75,0 % vs 42,5 %), tener enfermedad valvular (6,2 % vs 2,5 %) y la policitemia (9,3% vs 0,0%) fueron asociados con mayor frecuencia al ACV en altura. Conclusión. Se concluye que la hipertensión arterial es un factor de riesgo importante para el primer episodio de ACV encefálico, tanto a nivel del mar como en altura. La diabetes y la fibrilación auricular fueron más frecuentes a nivel del mar y en altura el nivel socioeconómico bajo, la policitemia y el padecer de enfermedad valvular.
Feeding intolerance associates with late onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants
Authors: KÖSE ÇETİNKAYA Aslıhan , SARI Fatma Nur , BÜYÜKTİRYAKİ Mehmet , ALYAMAC DİZDAR Evrim , TAYMAN Cüneyt , OĞUZ Şerife 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the association between feeding intolerance and late onset sepsis (LOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
Material and Methods: In this retrospective study inborn infants with a gestational age less than 32 weeks or birth weight less then 1500 grams were enrolled. Demographic and neonatal characteristics of infants who had culture proven LOS were compared with the control infants, matched for birth weight and gestational age.
Results: A total of 408 infants (LOS n=136, non LOS n=272) were analyzed. The mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight of the whole cohort were 27.8 weeks (±1.6) and 1016.92 grams (±200.39) Exclusively breast feeding was lower and feeding intolerance was more frequent in LOS group (p=0.028, p
Anxiety Levels of Patients Hospitalized for Labor During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: SEVEN Banu , GÜNDÜZ Özlem , BUYUK Gul Nihal , KOKANALI Mahmut Kuntay , MORALOĞLU TEKİN Özlem 
Published: January 2021

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the anxiety conditions of low-risk term pregnant women hospitalized for labor during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Materials and Method: This cross-sectional survey study includes 200 low-risk term pregnant women hospitalized for delivery. Sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected. Women's anxiety were examined using Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire form at admission. Total scores greater than 50 were classified as pathological levels of anxiety.
Results: The mean trait score was 36.99±10.08 and the mean state score was 41.03±8.89, and the difference between these two scores was statistical significant. State and trait scores were higher in women who had contact with covid-infected people than those who did not. There was a significant positive correlation between state and trait scores. The history of contact with covid 19 infected person and the presence of pathological trait anxity were determined as significant factors for the presence of pathological state anxiety related to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Conclusion: Pregnant women with history of contact with covid 19 infected person or with pathological trait anxiety have higher state anxiety during COVID-19 outbreak. It is important to identify women with high risk of developing anxiety in order to provide early psychological interventions.
WASP-107b’s Density Is Even Lower: A Case Study for the Physics of Planetary Gas Envelope Accretion and Orbital Migration
Authors: Piaulet Caroline , Benneke Björn , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Howard Andrew W. , Lee Eve J. , Thorngren Daniel , Angus Ruth , Peterson Merrin , Schlieder Joshua E. , Werner Michael , Kreidberg Laura , Jaouni Tareq , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Ciardi David R. , Petigura Erik A. , Livingston John , Dressing Courtney D. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Beichman Charles , Christiansen Jessie L. , Gorjian Varoujan , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Krick Jessica , Sinukoff Evan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With a mass in the Neptune regime and a radius of Jupiter, WASP-107b presents a challenge to planet formation theories. Meanwhile, the planet’s low surface gravity and the star’s brightness also make it one of the most favorable targets for atmospheric characterization. Here, we present the results of an extensive 4 yr Keck/HIRES radial-velocity (RV) follow-up program of the WASP-107 system and provide a detailed study of the physics governing the accretion of the gas envelope of WASP-107b. We reveal that WASP-107b’s mass is only 1.8 Neptune masses (M

b
= 30.5 ± 1.7 M
⊕). The resulting extraordinarily low density suggests that WASP-107b has a H/He envelope mass fraction of >85% unless it is substantially inflated. The corresponding core mass of <4.6 M
⊕ at 3σ is significantly lower than what is traditionally assumed to be necessary to trigger massive gas envelope accretion. We demonstrate that this large gas-to-core mass ratio most plausibly results from the onset of accretion at ≳1 au onto a low-opacity, dust-free atmosphere and subsequent migration to the present-day a

b
= 0.0566 ± 0.0017 au. Beyond WASP-107b, we also detect a second, more massive planet (

) on a wide eccentric orbit (e

c
= 0.28 ± 0.07) that may have influenced the orbital migration and spin–orbit misalignment of WASP-107b. Overall, our new RV observations and envelope accretion modeling provide crucial insights into the intriguing nature of WASP-107b and the system’s formation history. Looking ahead, WASP-107b will be a keystone planet to understand the physics of gas envelope accretion.
Relationships between the Stellar, Gaseous, and Star Formation Disks in LITTLE THINGS Dwarf Irregular Galaxies: Indirect Evidence for Substantial Fractions of Dark Molecular Gas
Authors: Hunter Deidre A. , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Goldberger Esther , Taylor Hannah , Ermakov Anton I. , Herrmann Kimberly A. , Oh Se-Heon , Malko Bradley , Barandi Brian , Jundt Ryan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The stellar, gaseous and young stellar disks in the LITTLE THINGS sample of nearby dwarf irregular galaxies are fitted with functions to search for correlations between the parameters. We find that the H i radial profiles are generally flatter in the center and fall faster in the outer regions than the V-band profiles, while young stars are more centrally concentrated, especially if the H i is more centrally flat. This pattern suggests that the H i is turning into molecules in the center, and the molecular clouds are forming stars and FUV. A model that assumes the molecular surface density is proportional to the total gas surface density to a power of 1.5 or 2, in analogy with the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation, reproduces the relationship between the ratio of the visible to the H i scale length and the H i Sérsic index. The molecular fraction is estimated as a function of radius for each galaxy by converting the FUV to a molecular surface density using conventional calibrations. The average molecular fraction inside 3R
D is 23% ± 17%. However, the break in the stellar surface brightness profile has no unified tracer related to star formation.
Chandra Detection of Three X-Ray Bright Quasars at z > 5
Authors: Li Jiang-Tao , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Zhang Yuchen , Fu Yuming , Bian Fuyan , Bregman Joel N. , Fan Xiaohui , Li Qiong , Wu Xue-Bing , Yu Xiaodi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report Chandra detection of three UV-bright radio-quiet quasars at z ≳ 5. We have collected a sufficient number of photons to extract an X-ray spectrum of each quasar to measure their basic X-ray properties, such as the X-ray flux, power-law photon index (Γ), and optical-to-X-ray spectral slope (α
OX). J074749+115352 at z = 5.26 is the X-ray brightest radio-quiet quasar at z > 5. It may have a short timescale variation (on a timescale of ∼3800 s in the observer’s frame, or ∼600 s in the rest frame), which is, however, largely embedded in the statistical noise. We extract phase folded spectra of this quasar. There are two distinguishable states: a “high soft” state with an average X-ray flux ∼2.7 times the “low hard” state, and a significantly steeper X-ray spectral slope (

versus

). We also compare the three quasars detected in this paper to other quasar samples. We find that J074749+115352, with an SMBH mass of M
SMBH ≈ 1.8 × 109
M
⊙ and an Eddington ratio of λ
Edd ≈ 2.3, is extraordinarily X-ray bright. It has an average α
OX = −1.46 ± 0.02 and a 2–10 keV bolometric correction factor of L
bol/L
2–10 keV = 42.4 ± 5.8, both significantly depart from some well defined scaling relations. We compare Γ of the three quasars to other samples at different redshifts, and do not find any significant redshift evolution based on the limited sample of z > 5 quasars with reliable measurements of the X-ray spectral properties.
Hadronic X-Ray Flares from Blazars
Authors: Mastichiadis Apostolos , Petropoulou Maria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The detection of a high-energy neutrino from the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 and the subsequent discovery of a neutrino excess from the same direction have strengthened the hypothesis that blazars are cosmic neutrino sources. The lack, however, of γ-ray flaring activity during the latter period challenges the standard scenario of correlated γ-ray and high-energy neutrino emission in blazars. We propose instead that TeV–PeV neutrinos are produced in coincidence with X-ray flares that are powered by proton synchrotron radiation. In this case, neutrinos are produced by photomeson interactions of protons with their own synchrotron radiation, while MeV to GeV γ-rays are the result of synchrotron-dominated electromagnetic cascades developed in the source. Using a time-dependent approach, we find that this “pure hadronic flaring” hypothesis has several interesting consequences. The X-ray flux is a good proxy for the all-flavor neutrino flux, while certain neutrino-rich X-ray flares may be dark in GeV–TeV γ-rays. Lastly, hadronic X-ray flares are accompanied by an equally bright MeV component that is detectable by proposed missions like e-ASTROGAM and AMEGO. We applied this scenario to the extreme blazar 3HSP J095507.9+355101 which has been associated with IceCube-200107A while undergoing an X-ray flare. We showed that the number of muon and anti-muon neutrinos above 100 TeV during hadronic flares can be up to ∼3–10 times higher than the expected number in standard leptohadronic models. Still, frequent hadronic flaring activity is necessary for explaining the detected neutrino event IceCube-200107A.
Estimation of the Galaxy Quenching Rate in the Illustris Simulation
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Xuan , Zhu Weishan , Tang Lin , Lin Weipeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Quenching is a key topic in exploring the formation and evolution of galaxies. In this work, we study the quenching rate, i.e., the variation in the fraction of quenched galaxies per unit time, of the Illustris-1 simulation. By building the quenched fraction function f(m, ρ, t) of each snapshot in the simulation, we derive an accurate form of quenching rate as

. According to the analytic expression of the quenching rate

, we split it into four components: mass quenching, environmental quenching, intrinsic mass quenching, and intrinsic environmental quenching. The precise value and evolutions can be given via the formula of

. With this method, we analyze the Illustris-1 simulation. We find that quenched galaxies concentrate around M
* ≃ 1011
h
−1
M
⊙ and δ + 1 ≃ 103.5 at earlier times and that the quenching galaxy population slowly shifts to lower stellar mass and lower overdensity regions with time. We also find that mass quenching dominates the quenching process in this simulation, in agreement with some previous analytical models. Intrinsic quenching is the second most important component. Environmental quenching is very weak, because it is possible that the pre- or post-processing of environments disguises environmental quenching as intrinsic quenching. We find that our method roughly predicts the actual quenching rate. It could well predict the actual number of galaxies quenched by intrinsic quenching. However, it overestimates the amount of mass quenching galaxies and underestimates the amount of environmental quenching. We suggest that the reason is the nonlinearity of the environmental overdensity change and mass growth of the galaxy.
The first record of the genus Belenois (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from China
Authors: Ge Si-Xun , Hu Shao-Ji , Shi Hong-Liang , Han Feng-Ying , Li Ming-Jun , Ren Li-Li 
Published: January 2021

The family Pieridae is a large group of butterflies which plays an important role in evolutionary biology and contains many potential pests (Courtney 1986). Pieridae is a cosmopolitan family while the tropics harbour higher species richness. In a very recent expedition to the Chinese-Indian border area in Tibet Autonomous Region, a migratory species, Belenois aurota (Fabricius, 1793), was discovered for the first time, which comprises the first record of the genus Belenois in China and the highest altitude record of this species.
The species B. aurota (Fabricius, 1793) is the first record of the genus Belenois from China. The specimen was collected at an altitude of about 3,000 m in Tibet Autonomous Region. Relevant details are presented for the species.
Generation of an HLA-DQ2.5 Knock-In Mouse
Authors: Dewan Alisa E , Koentgen Frank , Johannesen Marie K , du Pre M Fleur , Sollid Ludvig M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The human MHC class II molecule HLA-DQ2.5 is implicated in multiple autoimmune disorders, including celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The pathogenic contribution of HLA-DQ2.5 in many of these disorders is not fully understood. There is thus a need for an HLA-DQ2.5 humanized mouse model with physiological expression of this MHC molecule that can be integrated into disease models. In this article, we report the generation of an HLA-DQ2.5 knock-in mouse strain on a C57BL/6 background in which sequences encoding the extracellular moieties of mouse MHC class II H2-IAa and H2-IAb1 have been replaced with those of HLA-DQA1*05:01 and HLA-DQB1*02:01. In heterozygous knock-in mice, the expression of HLA-DQ2.5 is superimposable with the expression of H2-IA. This was not the case in a regular untargeted HLA-DQ2.5 transgenic mouse. HLA-DQ2.5 in the knock-in animals is functional for T cell development and for Ag presentation to HLA-DQ2.5–restricted and gluten-specific T cells. Because C57BL/6 mice do not express H2-IEa, the only functional MHC class II molecule in homozygous HLA-DQ2.5 knock-in mice is the knock-in gene product. This alleviates the need for crossing with MHC class II knockout mice to study the isolated function of the MHC transgene. Our novel mouse strain provides an important tool to study the involvement of HLA-DQ2.5 in models of diseases with association to this HLA allotype.
The Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Is a Key Metabolic Enzyme and Critical Virulence Factor of Leishmania major
Authors: Barazandeh Aida Feiz , Mou Zhirong , Ikeogu Nnamdi , Mejia Edgard M. , Edechi Chidalu A. , Zhang Wen-Wei , Alizadeh Javad , Hatch Grant M. , Ghavami Saeid , Matlashewski Greg , Marshall Aaron J. , Uzonna Jude E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There is currently no effective vaccine against leishmaniasis because of the lack of sufficient knowledge about the Ags that stimulate host-protective and long-lasting T cell–mediated immunity. We previously identified Leishmania phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, a gluconeogenic enzyme) as an immunodominant Ag that is expressed by both the insect (promastigote) and mammalian (amastigote) stages of the parasite. In this study, we investigated the role of PEPCK in metabolism, virulence, and immunopathogenicity of Leishmania major. We show that targeted loss of PEPCK results in impaired proliferation of L. major in axenic culture and bone marrow–derived macrophages. Furthermore, the deficiency of PEPCK results in highly attenuated pathology in vivo. BALB/c mice infected with PEPCK-deficient parasites failed to develop any cutaneous lesions despite harboring parasites at the cutaneous site of infection. This was associated with a dramatic reduction in the frequency of cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10)-producing CD4+ T cells in spleens and lymph nodes draining the infection site. Cells from mice infected with PEPCK-deficient parasites also produced significantly low levels of these cytokines into the culture supernatant following in vitro restimulation with soluble Leishmania Ag. PEPCK-deficient parasites exhibited significantly greater extracellular acidification rate, increased proton leak, and decreased ATP-coupling efficiency and oxygen consumption rates in comparison with their wild-type and addback counterparts. Taken together, these results show that PEPCK is a critical metabolic enzyme for Leishmania, and its deletion results in altered metabolic activity and attenuation of virulence.
Gut Commensal Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Fine-Tune T Follicular Regulatory Cells to Modify the Severity of Systemic Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Bates Nicholas A. , Li Anna , Fan Tingting , Cutcliffe Madeline P. , Dagenet Caitlyn B. , Sleiman Kiah C. , Ma Heqing , Tahsin Shekha , Garrett Candace S. , Altemus Jesse , Wu Hsin-Jung Joyce 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Autoantibodies play a major pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells promote germinal center B cell and Ab responses. Excessive Tfh cell responses lead to autoimmunity, and therefore, counterregulation is crucial. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, mainly differentiated from T regulatory cells, can negatively regulate Tfh and germinal center B cells. Dysbiosis is involved in rheumatoid arthritis’s pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that the gut microbiota, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), promote autoimmune arthritis by inducing Tfh cells. However, little is known regarding whether gut microbiota influence systemic (nongut) Tfr cells, impacting gut-distal autoimmunity. In this study, using SFB in autoimmune arthritic K/BxN mice, we demonstrated that SFB-induced arthritis is linked to the reduction of Tfr cells' CTLA-4, the key regulatory molecule of Tfr cells. This SFB-mediated CTLA-4 reduction is associated with increased Tfr glycolytic activity, and glycolytic inhibition increases Tfr cells' CTLA-4 levels and reduces arthritis. The surface expression of CTLA-4 is tied to TCR signaling strength, and we discovered that SFB-reduced CTLA-4 is associated with a reduction of Nur77, an indicator of TCR signaling strength. Nur77 is known for repressing glycolytic activity. Using a loss-of-function study, we demonstrated that Nur77+/− haplodeficiency increases glycolysis and reduces CTLA-4 on Tfr cells, which is associated with increased arthritis and anti–glucose-6-phosphate isomerase titers. Tfr-specific deletion (KRN.Foxp3CreBcl-6fl/fl) in autoimmune condition reveals that Tfr cells repress arthritis, Tfh cells, and autoantibody responses and that SFB can mitigate this repression. Overall, these findings demonstrated that gut microbiota distally impact systemic autoimmunity by fine-tuning Tfr cells.