bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity in Chimpanzee Transcriptomics Does Not Represent Wild Populations
Authors: Shukla Navya , Shaban Bobbie , Gallego Romero Irene 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are a genetically diverse species, consisting of four highly distinct subspecies. As humans’ closest living relative, they have been a key model organism in the study of human evolution, and comparisons of human and chimpanzee transcriptomes have been widely used to characterize differences in gene expression levels that could underlie the phenotypic differences between the two species. However, the subspecies from which these transcriptomic data sets have been derived is not recorded in metadata available in the public NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA). Furthermore, labeling of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples is for the most part inconsistent across studies, and the true number of individuals from whom transcriptomic data are available is difficult to ascertain. Thus, we have evaluated genetic diversity at the subspecies and individual level in 486 public RNA-seq samples available in the SRA, spanning the vast majority of public chimpanzee transcriptomic data. Using multiple population genetics approaches, we find that nearly all samples (96.6%) have some degree of Western chimpanzee ancestry. At the individual donor level, we identify multiple samples that have been repeatedly analyzed across different studies and identify a total of 135 genetically distinct individuals within our data, a number that falls to 89 when we exclude likely first- and second-degree relatives. Altogether, our results show that current transcriptomic data from chimpanzees are capturing low levels of genetic diversity relative to what exists in wild chimpanzee populations. These findings provide important context to current comparative transcriptomics research involving chimpanzees.
Understanding the Aggressive Practices of Nonprofit Hospitals in Pursuit of Patient Debt
Authors: Eliason Erica L , MacDougall Hannah , Peterson Lauren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNonprofit hospitals have attracted scrutiny for aggressive collection activities against patients, which persist despite the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s attempt to limit particularly egregious practices, called “extraordinary collection actions” (ECAs). This study examines the prevalence of ECAs and characteristics of nonprofit hospitals that reported this behavior as of 2016. Using Community Benefit Insight data, characteristics of hospitals that reported ECAs are compared with hospitals that did not report these practices. ECAs include reporting patient debt to credit agencies, filing lawsuits, placing liens on residences, and issuing civil arrest. Predictors of ECAs among nonprofit hospitals are identified using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of ECAs is examined for the 2010–2016 time period, and nonprofit hospitals that reported ECAs are mapped to show the geographic distribution. Hospitals reporting ECAs significantly differed in total revenue, system membership, bed size, urban location, financial assistance policy use, and use of poverty guidelines for discounted care. In full logistic regression models, lower total hospital revenue was a significant predictor of ECAs. As social workers, it is vital to understand the landscape of nonprofit hospital collection actions to advocate for policy that protects patients from predatory practices while holding nonprofit hospitals accountable.
In patients with localized bronchiectasis, does thoracoscopic lung resection result in improved clinical outcomes compared to open surgery?
Authors: Kamal Yasser Ali , Elkhayat Hussein 
Published: November 2021

SummaryA best evidence topic was constructed according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), compared to open lung resection, resulted in improved postoperative clinical outcomes, in patients with localized bronchiectasis indicated for surgery. A total of 1352 papers were found using the reported search, of which 5 papers represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. All of the identified studies were retrospective. The conversion rate from VATS to open procedure ranged from 0% to 15.3%. In comparison to thoracotomy, VATS resulted in a significant reduction of postoperative blood loss (1 study), length of hospital stay (2 studies), postoperative complication rate (2 studies), pain scales (2 studies) and chest tube duration (1 study). However, there was a significant increase in operative time (1 study) and whole cost (2 studies). There was no significant difference in the clinical recovery, which was defined by the disappearance or improvement of preoperative symptoms during the follow-up period (3 studies). We conclude that although there is limited high-level evidence, retrospective studies have suggested that VATS could significantly reduce complications rate, postoperative blood loss, pain scales, length of hospital stay and chest tube duration compared to open lung resection in selected patients with localized bronchiectasis.
Rare case of severe non-calcific aortic stenosis in an achondroplastic dwarf: surgical consideration
Authors: Mikami Tsubasa , Kainuma Satoshi , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 41-year-old patient with achondroplasia who had undergone surgery for congenital aortic stenosis &gt;20 years ago presented with dyspnoea due to severe aortic stenosis. Computed tomography confirmed a small (16-mm) aortic annulus, thickened aortic valve leaflets without calcification and subaortic fibrous tissues. Intraoperatively, 3 non-calcific aortic leaflets were observed. Enlargement of the aortic root using a modified Manouguian technique for good exposure enabled the resection of subaortic tissues and replacement of the valve with a mechanical valve. The aortic root can be extremely small in patients with aortic stenosis and achondroplasia. The anatomy of the aortic root should be carefully assessed to enable appropriate surgical planning.
Surgical outcomes of reoperation after Fontan completion
Authors: Nakayama Yuki , Shinkawa Takeshi , Hoki Ryogo , Yoshida Hisashi , Katagiri Junko , Inai Kei , Niinami Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Patients who have achieved Fontan circulation may require reoperation. We reviewed the outcomes of reoperation after Fontan completion and assessed the risk factors for poor outcomes.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study of 106 patients undergoing open-heart reoperations after Fontan completion in 2003 at a single institution.

RESULTS
The mean age at reoperation was 24.6 ± 8.3 years. A history of Fontan failure or end-organ dysfunction was noted in 30 patients. The reoperations included 73 total cavopulmonary connection conversions, 29 atrioventricular or semilunar valve operations (17 with total cavopulmonary connection conversions) and 4 other operations. Eight early deaths occurred. During a median follow-up of 5.5 (0.01–16.2) years, there were 3 late deaths and 9 second cardiac operations. The 10-year survival rate after reoperation was 89.8%, and the 5-year second cardiac operation-free survival was 84.3%. The 10-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients who underwent surgery before 2011 (75.8% vs 100%), had a history of Fontan failure or end-organ dysfunction (71.7% vs 97.3%), had preoperative central venous pressure &gt;15 mmHg (64.9% vs 96.5%) and were operated on with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) (60.0% vs 91.3%). A history of Fontan failure or end-organ dysfunction, preoperative central venous pressure &gt;15 mmHg and requirement of DHCA were identified as risk factors for mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Reoperation after Fontan completion resulted in excellent mid-term outcomes. A history of failed Fontan circulation and the requirement of DHCA negatively affected survival outcomes.
Long time behavior of finite volume discretization of symmetrizable linear hyperbolic systems
Authors: Jung Jonathan , Perrier Vincent 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article is dedicated to the long time behavior of a finite volume approximation of general symmetrizable linear hyperbolic system on a bounded domain. In the continuous case this problem is very difficult, and the $\omega $–limit set (namely the set of all the possible long time limits) may be large and complicated to depict if no dissipation is introduced. In this article we prove that in general, with a stable finite volume scheme, the discrete solution converges to a steady state when the time goes to infinity. This property is a direct consequence of the numerical dissipation mechanisms used for stabilizing the discretization. We apply this result for determining the long time limit for several stabilizations of the wave system, and perform a formal link with the low Mach number problem of the nonlinear Euler system. Numerical experiments with the wave system are performed for confirming the theoretical results obtained.
God’s Wrath in the Era of the Digidemic: Religious Interpretations of Covid-19 in Ethiopia
Authors: Østebø Terje , Tronvoll Kjetil , Østebø Marit Tolo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, many Ethiopians viewed the pandemic as an expression of God’s punishment for sin. Although such interpretations reflect historical continuity, an analysis of these sentiments and of how the pandemic unfolded in Ethiopia reveal an interesting conundrum. Whereas the Covid-19 pandemic clearly has had devastating impacts all over the world, the very experiences that historically generated interpretations of divine punishment and judgement—violent human suffering and mass deaths—have been close to absent in Ethiopia. To understand why many Ethiopians interpreted Covid-19 as an expression of God’s wrath, we develop the concept of the digidemic, allowing us to recognize how the circulation of images, norms, ideas, and goods, via global and digital networks—in addition to fueling fear—created connectedness and a felt proximity, wherein far-away hot-spots and phenomena were made real and near as threats to people’s livelihood and religious worldviews.
Assessment of digestible lysine requirements in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs
Authors: Barcellos Joyce , Alves Warley Júnior , Arnaut Pedro Riguetti , Fonseca Lucimauro , Muniz Jorge Cunha Lima , Dorigam Juliano César de Paula , Campos Paulo Henrique R Furtado , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Dilger Ryan N , Hannas Melissa Izabel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the effect of an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the digestible lysine (Lys) requirement for growing pigs, a nitrogen (N) balance assay was performed. Seventy-two castrated male pigs (19 ± 1.49 kg body weight [BW]) were allocated in a 2 × 6 factorial design composed of two immune activation states (control and LPS-challenged) and six dietary treatments with N levels of 0.94, 1.69, 2.09, 3.04, 3.23, and 3.97% N, as fed, where Lys was limiting, with six replicates and one pig per unit. The challenge consisted of an initial LPS dose of 30 μg/kg BW via intramuscular (IM) injection and a subsequent dose of 33.6 μg/kg BW after 48 h. The experimental period lasted 11 d and was composed of a 7-d adaptation and a subsequent 4-d sampling period in which N intake (NI), N excretion (NEX), and N deposition (ND) were evaluated. Inflammatory mediators and rectal temperature were assessed during the 4-d collection period. A three-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge × time, P &lt; 0.05) for IgG was observed. Additionally, two-way interactions (challenge × time, P &lt; 0.05) were verified for IgA, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, total protein, and rectal temperature; and (N levels × time, P &lt; 0.05) for transferrin, albumin, haptoglobin, total protein, and rectal temperature. LPS-challenged pigs showed lower (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake. A two-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge, P &lt; 0.05) was observed for NI, NEX, and ND, with a clear dose–response (P &lt; 0.05). LPS-challenged pigs showed lower NI and ND at 2.09% N and 1.69 to 3.97% N (P &lt; 0.05), respectively, and higher NEX at 3.23% N (P &lt; 0.05). The parameters obtained by a nonlinear model (N maintenance requirement, NMR and theoretical maximum N deposition, NDmaxT) were 152.9 and 197.1 mg/BWkg0.75/d for NMR, and 3,524.7 and 2,077.8 mg/BWkg0.75/d for NDmaxT, for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The estimated digestible Lys requirements were 1,994.83 and 949.16 mg/BWkg0.75/d for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The daily digestible Lys intakes required to achieve 0.68 and 0.54 times the NRmaxT value were 18.12 and 8.62 g/d, respectively, and the optimal dietary digestible Lys concentration may change depending on the feed intake levels. Based on the derived model parameters obtained in the N balance trial with lower cost and time, it was possible to differentiate the digestible Lys requirement for swine under challenging conditions.
In vitroreconstitution of theEscherichia coli70S ribosome with a full set of recombinant ribosomal proteins
Authors: Aoyama Ryo , Masuda Keiko , Shimojo Masaru , Kanamori Takashi , Ueda Takuya , Shimizu Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany studies of the reconstitution of the Escherichia coli small ribosomal subunit from its individual molecular parts have been reported, but contrastingly, similar studies of the large ribosomal subunit have not been well performed to date. Here, we describe protocols for preparing the 33 ribosomal proteins of the E. coli 50S subunit and demonstrate successful reconstitution of a functionally active 50S particle that can perform protein synthesis in vitro. We also successfully reconstituted both ribosomal subunits (30S and 50S) and 70S ribosomes using a full set of recombinant ribosomal proteins by integrating our developed method with the previously developed fully recombinant-based integrated synthesis, assembly and translation. The approach described here makes a major contribution to the field of ribosome engineering and could be fundamental to the future studies of ribosome assembly processes.
Multichannel adaptive deconvolution based on streaming prediction-error filter
Authors: Wang Qinghan , Liu Yang , Liu Cai , Zheng Zhisheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Deconvolution mainly improves the resolution of seismic data by compressing seismic wavelets, which is of great significance in high-resolution processing of seismic data. Prediction-error filtering/least-square inverse filtering is widely used in seismic deconvolution and usually assumes that seismic data is stationary. Affected by factors such as earth filtering, actual seismic wavelets are time- and space-varying. Adaptive prediction-error filters are designed to effectively characterise the nonstationarity of seismic data by using iterative methods, however, it leads to problems such as slow calculation speed and high memory cost when dealing with large-scale data. We have proposed an adaptive deconvolution method based on a streaming prediction-error filter. Instead of using slow iterations, mathematical underdetermined problems with the new local smoothness constraints are analytically solved to predict time-varying seismic wavelets. To avoid the discontinuity of deconvolution results along the space axis, both time and space constraints are used to implement multichannel adaptive deconvolution. Meanwhile, we define the parameter of the time-varying prediction step that keeps the relative amplitude relationship among different reflections. The new deconvolution improves the resolution along the time direction while reducing the computational costs by a streaming computation, which is suitable for handling nonstationary large-scale data. Synthetic model and field data tests show that the proposed method can effectively improve the resolution of nonstationary seismic data, while maintaining the lateral continuity of seismic events. Furthermore, the relative amplitude relationship of different reflections is reasonably preserved.
The Curious Case of Stablecoins—Balancing Risks and Rewards?
Authors: Ferreira Agata 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Stablecoins is a blockchain-driven innovation and a new subset of crypto assets. Even though they could transform how payments are made, regulators paid little attention to them until recently. The announcement of the Libra project in 2019 elevated stablecoins to the top of the regulatory agenda. Libra’s global scale and its capacity to reach billions of potential users through a user-centric social network platform that is already seamlessly integrated within the lives of the global population and the potential impact of a global yet fast and cheap payment solution raised many issues and concerns among authorities related to not only financial stability, monetary policy, and competition, but also money laundering, financing of terrorism, and others. Addressing stablecoins has proven challenging for many regulators as they face a difficult task of balancing financial stability, with innovation. This paper analyzes how the official perception of stablecoins has evolved, from dismissiveness and underestimation to serious concern. It evaluates existing regulatory responses, highlights regulatory dilemmas, and makes recommendations regarding future regulatory approaches. To reap the benefits of stablecoin innovation, regulators need to take a broader long-term view of stablecoins beyond the perceived risks and embrace their advantages. Regulations should not stifle this innovation but support a diverse ecosystem of stablecoins and foster competition.
Symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Nana , Okuyama Toru , Akechi Tatsuo , Kusumoto Shigeru , Ri Masaki , Inagaki Atsushi , Kayukawa Satoshi , Yano Hiroki , Yoshida Takashi , Shiraga Kazuhide , Hashimoto Hiroya , Aiki Sayo , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
Existing cross-sectional observational studies indicate that patients with multiple myeloma experience negative physical and psychological symptoms and low health-related quality of life. The study aim was to determine symptom prevalence, health-related quality of life and symptoms associated with health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Methods
This multicenter longitudinal cohort study was conducted in four hospitals in Japan. Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were asked to report their symptom intensity and health-related quality of life using validated questionnaires at three points: at diagnosis (T1), 1 month (T2) and 12 months after diagnosis (T3). Symptoms associated with health-related quality of life were explored using a mixed-effects model.

Results
A total of 106 patients completed the assessment at T1. The symptoms more than 30% of patients reported were pain, disturbed sleep and distress at T1, pain, dry mouth, disturbed sleep and fatigue at T2, fatigue, numbness of tingling and pain and numbness or tingling at T3. Pain and depression were significantly associated with health-related quality of life negatively.

Conclusions
The finding suggests that more than 30% of multiple myeloma patients suffered from pain and various symptoms and they received suboptimal palliative care within a year after starting initial chemotherapy. Pain and depression should be the main targets of interventions to improve health-related quality of life in this population.
Ocelot density and habitat use in Tamaulipan thornshrub and tropical deciduous forests in Northeastern México
Authors: Lombardi Jason V , Stasey W Chad , Caso Arturo , Carvajal-Villarreal Sasha , Tewes Michael E 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNortheastern México is one of the most diverse regions in the country with high mammal richness. This region also sits on the northern periphery of the geographic distribution of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), which are listed as endangered in México. Ocelot ecology in northeastern México is poorly known at local and landscape levels, especially in the ecologically rich temperate sierras, a perceived stronghold for ocelots. We used an occupancy approach to estimate ocelot-habitat use in Tamaulipan thornshrub and tropical deciduous forests and a spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) framework to estimate density of ocelots in the northern edge of the Sierra Tamaulipas, México. From May to December 2009, we conducted two camera trap surveys (summer: 20 camera stations; fall: 58 camera stations) on Rancho Caracol and Rancho Camotal, north of the Rio Soto de La Marina. We found ocelot detections were higher in areas with increasing patch density of tropical deciduous forest and habitat use was greater in Tamaulipan thornshrub and tropical deciduous forests with lower edge densities. Ocelot densities varied by sex, with females achieving greater densities (7.88 ocelots/100 km2 [95% CI: 4.85–12.81]) than males (3.81 ocelots/100 km2 [95% CI: 1.96–7.43]). Ocelots were averse to areas with high densities of edge cover in each woody community, supporting the notion of a forest patch interior species. Despite the study occurring 11 years ago, population densities were also among the highest reported in México using spatially explicit capture–recapture methods, The high ecological integrity of the habitat within the Sierra de Tamaulipas, recent protection as a Biosphere Reserve, and remote rugged terrain suggest long-term security of the ocelot population in this region.
Amazon islands as predator refugia: jaguar density and temporal activity in Maracá-Jipioca
Authors: Duarte Herbert O B , Boron Valeria , Carvalho William D , de Toledo José Júlio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLimited space on islands usually cannot sustain stable populations of large predators. However, jaguars, the largest cat species in the Americas, unexpectedly occur in the Estação Ecológica Maracá-Jipioca reserve, a system of continental Amazonian islands in the Atlantic Ocean. We investigated jaguar population structure, density, and activity patterns. We placed 25 camera-trap stations across 149.19 km2 and used spatially explicit capture–recapture to estimate density, and Rayleigh’s test to assess activity patterns. We identified 21 individuals (12 females, six males, and three cubs) and estimated an adult density of 6.7 individuals per 100 km2, which equals a population of approximately 43 jaguars. The population is composed mostly of females (66%) in relation to males (33%). Male and female activity patterns overlapped and showed more activity during daytime. The high jaguar density and the presence of females with cubs indicate that these islands are likely natural refugia for jaguars, reinforcing the importance of this protected area for jaguar conservation and possibly challenging the paradigm that large-mammal populations are not feasible in restricted islands.