bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of critical amino acids improves glycerol and lactose uptake and enhances recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kumar Jashwant , Chauhan Ashish S. , Gupta Jaya A. , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLactose‐based induction strategy in E. coli cultivation has several advantages over IPTG as it is cheap, does not impart metabolic stress to cells, and is non‐toxic to cells. However, complexity of lactose as an inducer limits its application in fed‐batch cultivation. A mixed glycerol‐lactose based induction strategy is generally opted during fed‐batch cultivation of E. coli. However, slow growth of E. coli in glycerol and lactose results in slower induction of heterologous protein.Main Methods and Major ResultsIn this study, initially we have demonstrated supplementation of critical amino acids (AAs) improves uptake rate of glycerol and lactose in wildtype E. coli BL21(DE3) in defined medium. A feeding strategy of mixed glycerol‐lactose feed along with supplement of critical AAs enhances recombinant production of pramlintide multimer (rPramlintide). High cell density cultivation of E. coli using mixed glycerol‐lactose feed and critical AAs supplement resulted in final cell density of 52.2 ± 0.90 g L−1 and rPramlintide titer of 7.8 g L−1. RT‐qPCR analysis of genes involved in glycerol and lactose metabolism of recombinant culture showed upregulation with AAs supplementation.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe hypothesize that supplementation of critical AAs serves dual purpose: (i) faster assimilation of carbon sources, and (ii) combating metabolic stress arises due to AAs starvation. The substrate uptake and gene expression profiles demonstrate that AAs addition enhances glycerol and lactose assimilation due to overall improvement in their metabolism governed by global regulators of carbon metabolism.
Indium Tribromide‐Catalysed Transfer‐Hydrogenation: Expanding the Scope of the Hydrogenation and of the Regiodivergent DH or HD Addition to Alkenes
Authors: Li Luomo , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe transfer‐hydrogenation as well as the regioselective and regiodivergent addition of H−D from regiospecific deuterated dihydroaromatic compounds to a variety of 1,1‐di‐ and trisubstituted alkenes was realised with InBr3 in dichloro(m)ethane. In comparison with the previously reported BF3⋅Et2O‐catalysed process, electron‐deficient aryl‐substituents can be applied reliably and thereby several restrictions could be lifted, and new types of substrates could be transformed successfully in hydrodeuterogenation as well as deuterohydrogenation transfer‐hydrogenation reactions.
FeII Metallohelices Stabilize DNA G‐Quadruplexes and Downregulate the Expression of G‐Quadruplex‐Regulated Oncogenes
Authors: Malina Jaroslav , Kostrhunova Hana , Scott Peter , Brabec Viktor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDNA G‐quadruplexes (G4s) have been identified within the promoter regions of many proto‐oncogenes. Thus, G4s represent attractive targets for cancer therapy, and the design and development of new drugs as G4 binders is a very active field of medicinal chemistry. Here, molecular biophysics and biology methods were employed to investigate the interaction of chiral metallohelices with a series of four DNA G4s (hTelo, c‐myc, c‐kit1, c‐kit2) that are formed by the human telomeric sequence (hTelo) and in the promoter regions of c‐MYC and c‐KIT proto‐oncogenes. We show that the investigated water‐compatible, optically pure metallohelices, which are made by self‐assembly of simple nonpeptidic organic components around FeII ions and exhibit bioactivity emulating the natural systems, bind with high affinity to G4 DNA and much lower affinity to duplex DNA. Notably, both enantiomers of a metallohelix containing a m‐xylenyl bridge (5 b) were found to effectively inhibit primer elongation catalyzed by Taq DNA polymerase by stabilizing G4 structures formed in the template strands containing c‐myc and c‐kit2 G4‐forming sequences. Moreover, both enantiomers of 5 b downregulated the expression of c‐MYC and c‐KIT oncogenes in human embryonic kidney cells at mRNA and protein levels. As metallohelices also bind alternative nucleic acid structures, they hold promise as potential multitargeted drugs.
Combining reflections on education for sustainability and digitalization – learning with and about the sustainable use of tablets along an augmented reality learning environment
Authors: Huwer Johannes , Barth Catherine , Siol Antje , Eilks Ingo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVorgestellt wird ein Projekt, das Tablets zum Lerngegenstand im Chemieunterricht macht. Aufbauend auf einer Augmented‐Reality‐Lernumgebung lernen die Schülerinnen und Schüler über die verschiedenen Komponenten eines Tablets und die hierfür wichtigen chemischen Rohstoffe und Technologien. Die Lernumgebung kann im Schulunterricht oder Distanzlernen, aber auch in Verbindung mit einem Besuch im Schülerlabor genutzt werden.
Augmented Reality in chemistry education – an overview
Authors: Tschiersch Anja , Krug Manuel , Huwer Johannes , Banerji Amitabh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEine mit digitalen Informationen angereicherte Realität spielt eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle in unserem Alltag, aber auch im Chemieunterricht. So werden Lehr‐Lernszenarien mit Augmented Reality (AR) positive Effekte auf den Wissenserwerb, Motivation und andere Faktoren des Lernens zugeschrieben. Dieser Beitrag gibt einerseits einen Überblick über medienfachdidaktische Gestaltungsparameter und andererseits werden Werkzeuge vorgestellt, um diese Technologie AR‐gestütztes Unterrichtsmaterial zu erstellen.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dantrolene‐Like Hydrazide and Hydrazone Analogues as Multitarget Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Bolognino Isabella , Giangregorio Nicola , Tonazzi Annamaria , Martínez Antón L. , Altomare Cosimo D. , Loza María I. , Sablone Sara , Cellamare Saverio , Catto Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDantrolene, a drug used for the management of malignant hyperthermia, had been recently evaluated for prospective repurposing as multitarget agent for neurodegenerative syndromes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, twenty‐one dantrolene‐like hydrazide and hydrazone analogues were synthesized with the aim of exploring structure‐activity relationships (SARs) for the inhibition of human monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), two well‐established target enzymes for anti‐AD drugs. With few exceptions, the newly synthesized compounds exhibited selectivity toward MAO B over either MAO A or AChE, with the secondary aldimine 9 and phenylhydrazone 20 attaining IC50 values of 0.68 and 0.81 μM, respectively. While no general SAR trend was observed with lipophilicity descriptors, a molecular simplification strategy allowed the main pharmacophore features to be identified, which are responsible for the inhibitory activity toward MAO B. Finally, further in vitro investigations revealed cell protection from oxidative insult and activation of carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier as concomitant biological activities responsible for neuroprotection by hits 9 and 20 and other promising compounds in the examined series.
Synthesis, Characterization and Energetic Performance of Oxalyl Diazide, Carbamoyl Azide, and N,N’‐Bis(azidocarbonyl)hydrazine
Authors: Harter Alexander G. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Voggenreiter Michael , Zeng Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs pure compounds, small carbonyl azides enjoy a bad reputation, due to the high explosive sensitivity and instability they demonstrate. Consequently, most reported examples have only been poorly characterized. The compounds oxalyl diazide (1), carbamoyl azide (2), as well as N,N’‐bis(azidocarbonyl)hydrazine (3) were obtained by performing a diazotation reaction on the corresponding hydrazo precursor. Carbamoyl azide (2) could also be obtained from oxalyl diazide via Curtius rearrangement to the reactive isocyanate, followed by reaction with water. Further, different trapping reactions of the isocyanate with hydroxyl (methanol, oxetan‐3‐ol) and amino (2‐amino‐5H‐tetrazole) functions are described. All products were extensively analyzed using IR, EA, DTA and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the crystal structures elucidated using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, the sensitivities toward friction and impact were determined and the energetic performances of the carbonyl azides were calculated using the EXPLO5 code.
Following up internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT): A longitudinal qualitative investigation of clients' usage of CBT skills
Authors: Eilert Nora , Timulak Ladislav , Duffy Daniel , Earley Caroline , Enrique Angel , Kennedy Polly , McCormack Clare , Palacios Jorge , Wogan Rebecca , Richards Derek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile the acquisition and application of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) skills is a core component and likely mechanism of effect maintenance in all CBT‐based treatments, the extent of post‐therapeutic CBT skills usage among internet‐delivered CBT (iCBT) clients remains under‐researched.MethodNested within a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 241 participants received an 8‐week supported iCBT intervention for anxiety and/or depression and answered open‐ended questions about their use and experience of CBT skills at 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month follow‐up. Recurrent, cross‐sectional qualitative analysis following the descriptive and interpretive approach was used to create a taxonomy, through which all qualitative data was coded.ResultsIn total, 479 qualitative responses across 181 participants were analysed. Participants reported using a wide range of CBT skills and associated helpful and hindering experiences and impacts. The reasons for discontinued CBT skills usage were diverse, ranging from rare adverse effects to healthy adaptation.ConclusionThe study shows how clients receiving iCBT in routine care learn CBT skills during treatment and utilize them in productive ways post‐treatment. Findings coincide with similar research in face‐to‐face CBT and may inform future research to drive innovation and iCBT intervention development.
A multifactorial proteomics approach to sex‐specific effects of diet composition and social environment in an omnivorous insect
Authors: Gutiérrez Yeisson , Fresch Marion , Hellmann Sören L. , Hankeln Thomas , Scherber Christoph , Brockmeyer Jens 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRearing conditions may elicit noticeable plastic responses in life‐history traits of living organisms. Diet composition and the social environment have proven to influence prominent traits such as survival, body size, fecundity, and life span. Nevertheless, the physiological mechanisms underlying such responses are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated changes in the proteome of the house cricketAcheta domesticussubjected to diets of different nutritional composition (i.e., protein to carbohydrates ratio) and two distinct social environments (i.e., solitary or in groups). We measured the relative abundances of 685 proteins identified in whole‐body cricket samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Differential expression of proteins induced by diet composition and social environment in female and maleA. domesticuswas assessed in a data‐independent proteomics approach. Additionally, we performed a functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins using comprehensive databases (KEGG and GO). We found that sex alone explained a significant portion (40.87%) of the relative protein abundance variation. Males had a higher representation of proteins involved in metabolic pathways and locomotion. In contrast, females exhibited a higher abundance of proteins related to genetic processes regulation and nutrient catabolism. Moreover, diet composition and social environment induced sex‐specific changes in a smaller set of proteins with particular roles. Females had their protein profile affected by diet composition and social environment. The involved proteins were mainly related to several protein synthesis stages, carbohydrate metabolism, and muscle development. In contrast, males were only affected by diet composition, overexpressing proteins related to hormone production, carbohydrate metabolism, and apparently depositing excess protein in the cuticle when fed with a protein‐rich diet. Evidently, diet had a more substantial influence on the proteome of the cricketA. domesticusthan the social environment, showing that diet composition may exert profound physiological changes in insects in a sex‐specific manner.
Functional traits provide new insight into recovery and succession at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Dykman Lauren N. , Beaulieu Stace E. , Mills Susan W. , Solow Andrew R. , Mullineaux Lauren S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvestigation of communities in extreme environments with unique conditions has the potential to broaden or challenge existing theory as to how biological communities assemble and change through succession. Deep‐sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems have strong, parallel gradients of nutrients and environmental stress, and present unusual conditions in early succession, in that both nutrient availability and stressors are high. We analyzed the succession of the invertebrate community at 9°50′ N on the East Pacific Rise for 11 yr following an eruption in 2006 in order to test successional theories developed in other ecosystems. We focused on functional traits including body size, external protection, provision of habitat (foundation species), and trophic mode to understand how the unique nutritional and stress conditions influence community composition. In contrast to established theory, large, fast‐growing, structure‐forming organisms colonized rapidly at vents, while small, asexually reproducing organisms were not abundant until later in succession. Species in early succession had high external protection, as expected in the harsh thermal and chemical conditions after the eruption. Changes in traits related to feeding ecology and dispersal potential over succession agreed with expectations from other ecosystems. We also tracked functional diversity metrics over time to see how they compared to species diversity. While species diversity peaked at 8 yr post‐eruption, functional diversity was continuing to increase at 11 yr. Our results indicate that deep‐sea hydrothermal vents have distinct successional dynamics due to the high stress and high nutrient conditions in early succession. These findings highlight the importance of extending theory to new systems and considering function to allow comparison between ecosystems with different species and environmental conditions.
Cobaltoceniumselenolate Gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Structural and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Menia Daniel , Kopacka Holger , Wurst Klaus , Müller Thomas , Lippmann Petra , Ott Ingo , Bildstein Benno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCobaltoceniumselenolate is an unusual, highly air‐sensitive, mesoionic compound containing a very soft anionic selenium donor atom. Here we explore its coordination chemistry with Au(I) metal centers and show that its hetero‐ and homoleptic gold complexes are highly colored, air‐stable compounds, which were characterized by1H/13C/31P/77Se NMR, IR, UV‐Vis, HR‐MS and single crystal XRD. Cytotoxicity of these polar, water‐soluble complexes was studied against various standard cancer cell lines (A549MDA‐MB‐231, HT‐29) revealing good anticancer activity of all three complexes.
Illness perceptions and illness behaviours in back pain: A cross‐sectional cluster analysis
Authors: Morton LaKrista , de Bruin Marijn , Macfarlane Gary J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals' perceptions of back pain may shape what they do in response to manage their pain, for example, self‐care, medication and seeking healthcare. Illness perceptions encompass a variety of beliefs such as how long pain is expected to last and whether treatments are perceived to control pain. Whether these beliefs meaningfully cluster and whether these clusters are associated with how people manage their back pain are currently unknown.Methods1,343 individuals with back pain from a general population sample completed the brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire and measures about their pain and illness behaviours. Using a two‐stage cluster analysis, we identified four distinct clusters of individuals. Logistic regression was used to investigate relationships between cluster membership and illness behaviours.ResultsAfter adjustment for socio‐demographic characteristics, pain severity, interference and duration, relative to a low threat illness perception cluster, a high threat cluster was more likely to have contacted a general practitioner (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.75, 5.23) and a moderate threat–high treatment control cluster was more likely to have consulted a physical therapist (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.87). Both the moderate threat–high treatment control cluster and high threat cluster were also less likely to have reported self‐care (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.95; OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.83, respectively).ConclusionsThe cluster analysis provided a meaningful classification of individuals based on their cognitive illness perceptions of their back pain, as these clusters were associated with different illness behaviours. Interventions which modify clusters of illness perceptions may be effective in influencing how individuals respond to back pain.SignificanceWithin a general population setting, we identified four clearly distinct groups of people based on the perceptions they held about their back pain. These groupings seemed to reflect meaningful characterisations as they differed based on the characteristics of their pain (e.g., severity and duration) and, after adjustment for these characteristics, were associated with different ways of managing pain. Interventions which focus on targeting the sets of illness perceptions that people hold may be effective in influencing how individuals manage back pain.
Utilization of biomass to promote calcium‐based sorbents for CO2capture
Authors: Liang Xiao , Chen Huichao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo promote and maintain the reactivity of calcium‐based sorbents for CO2capture is essential for calcium looping technology. Biomass together with cement was doped with calcium‐based sorbents pellets to promote the reactivity and enhance the sintering resistance for CO2capture. The influence of parameters, such as biomass types, addition, pretreatments, precursors, and cement amounts on CO2capture performance of sorbents are determined and an optimized process is developed for sorbents pellets making. Biomass such as coconut shell doped with calcium‐based sorbents present promising enhancement in CO2capture capacity. Sorbents doped with pretreated biomass exhibit excellent CO2capture performance with a carbonation conversion of 0.6 and 0.73 after 10 cycles, respectively. The microstructures of the sorbents characterized by N2physisorption/desorption and the phase structure determined byin situX‐ray diffraction (XRD) are investigated as a supplement for mechanism study. The release of volatiles and pyrolysis of biomass char in sorbents are the main causes for microstructure improvement for sorbents. The formations of CaAl2O4, CaAl4O7and Ca12Al14O33in sorbents during the carbonation/calcination cycles account for the enhancement of the sorbents’ sintering resistance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the rise of robotic technology make people healthier?
Authors: Gunadi Christian , Ryu Hanbyul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTechnological advancements bring changes to our life, altering our behaviors as well as our role in the economy. In this paper, we examine the potential effect of the rise of robotic technology on health. Using the variation in the initial distribution of industrial employment in US cities and the difference in robot adoption across industries over time to predict robot exposure at the local labor market, we find evidence that higher penetration of industrial robots in the local economy is positively related to the health of the low‐skilled population. A 10% increase in robots per 1000 workers is associated with an approximately 10% reduction in the share of low‐skilled individuals reporting poor health. Further analysis suggests that the reallocation of tasks partly explains this finding. A 10% increase in robots per 1000 workers is associated with an approximately 1.5% reduction in physical tasks supplied by low‐skilled workers.
First experience in clinical application of hyperspectral endoscopy for evaluation of colonic polyps
Authors: Yoon Jonghee , Joseph James , Waterhouse Dale J. , Borzy Charlie , Siemens Kyla , Diamond Sarah , Tsikitis Vassiliki Liana , Bohndiek Sarah E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarly detection and resection of adenomatous polyps prevents their progression to colorectal cancer (CRC), significantly improving patient outcomes. Polyps are typically identified and removed during white‐light colonoscopy. Unfortunately, the rate of interval cancers that arise between CRC screening events remains high, linked to poor visualization of polyps during screening and incomplete polyp removal. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of a hyperspectral endoscope (HySE) to enhance polyp discrimination for detection and resection. We designed, built and tested a new compact HySE in a proof‐of‐concept clinical study. We successfully collected spectra from three tissue types in seven patients undergoing routine colonoscopy screening. The acquired spectral data from normal tissue and polyps, both pre‐ and post‐ resection, were subjected to quantitative analysis using spectral angle mapping and machine learning, which discriminated the data by tissue type, meriting further investigation of HySE as a clinical tool.
Biochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of latroeggtoxin‐VI against PC12 cells
Authors: Tang Xiaochao , Yu Dianmei , Wang Haiyan , Meng Wenwen , Lei Zhixiang , Zhai Yiwen , Wang Ying , Wang Xianchun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLatroeggtoxin‐VI (LETX‐VI) is a peptide neurotoxin discovered from Latrodectus tredecimguttatus eggs. In the current study, the action features of the neurotoxin on PC12 cells were systematically investigated. LETX‐VI could promote dopamine release from PC12 cells in the absence and presence of Ca2+, involving an even more complex action mechanism in the presence of Ca2+ and when the treatment time was longer. Although LETX‐VI enchanced the autophagy and secretion activity in PC 12 cells, it showed no remarkable influence on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and ultrastructure of the cells. Pulldown combined with CapLC‐MS/MS analysis suggested that LETX‐VI affected PC12 cells by interacting with multiple proteins involved in the metabolism, transport, and release of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine. The low cytotoxicity and effective regulatory action of LETX‐VI on PC12 cells suggest the potential of the active peptide in the development of drugs for the treatment of some dopamine‐related psychotic diseases and cancers.