bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Características sociodemográficas, clínicas y farmacológicas de adultos mayores con fracturas, en tres centros de referencia, Colombia
Authors: Valladales-Restrepo Luis Fernando , Durán-Lengua Marlene , Castro-Osorio Edgar Eduardo , Correa-Sánchez Yessenia , Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: las caídas y fracturas óseas son causas importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad en ancianos. Su etiología es multicausal comprendiendo, entre otros, prescripciones inadecuadas y osteoporosis. El objetivo fue identificar las características clínicas y farmacológicas de un grupo de adultos mayores con fracturas. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal que analizó las prescripciones realizadas un mes antes de la fractura, durante la hospitalización y al egreso de 220 pacientes de 60 o más años atendidos en tres centros de referencia de Colombia. Se analizó la calidad de las prescripciones mediante los criterios STOPP. Resultados: la edad media fue de 75,3±10,3 años y 68,2 % eran mujeres. La fractura de cadera fue la más frecuente (37,7 %) y se presentó una mortalidad intrahospitalaria del 2,3 %. La prescripción de suplementos de calcio/vitamina D y terapia antiabsortiva al egreso fue de 23,7 % y 12,1 %, respectivamente. Las prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas al egreso se identificaron en 11,6 % de pacientes y tener cinco o más comorbilidades se asoció con mayor probabilidad de tenerlas (OR:9,44, IC95 %: 2,16-41,20). Conclusiones: generalmente, el personal médico no formula medicamentos antiosteporóticos como prevención secundaria, ni mejoran la calidad de las prescripciones de los pacientes con fracturas una vez que son dados de alta, por lo que se hace necesario el desarrollo de estrategias farmacológicas para ayudar a prevenir nuevos episodios de caídas y fracturas.
Simulation of a leak's growth process in water distribution systems based on growth functions
Authors: Guo Guancheng , Liu Shuming , Jia Dailin , Wang Shanhe , Wu Xue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water loss in water distribution systems is one of the major problems faced by water utilities. The components of water losses should be accurately assessed and their priority should be determined. Generally, water balance analysis is used to quantify different components of water losses and identify the main contributor to high leakage rates. The leak flow rate is assumed to be static within a given calculation period during the calculation of real losses. Errors will inevitably arise during this process. This is mainly due to our limited understanding of a leak's growth process. To overcome this problem, the current work proposes the use of growth functions to represent a leak's growth process and establish a functional relationship between the leak flow rate and the leak duration. A leakage development model is adopted to simulate a leak's growth process and optimize the parameters of growth functions. The results show that the Richards function performs better than other growth functions and its mean absolute percentage error is 15.33%. Furthermore, the growth function could be used to calculate real losses and has the prospect of evaluating the effects of leakage detection.
Nature of sorption of trivalent arsenic on novel iron oxyhydroxide stabilized starch/OMMT composite: A mechanistic approach
Authors: Gogoi P. , Das M. , Begum P. , Maji T. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Materials which are chemically, energetically and operationally acceptable for arsenic water treatment are highly required. In this study a hybrid material (SICC) of aminated starch, oxyhydroxide of iron and OMMT clay has been demonstrated for arsenic treatment. This new material was highly efficient in arsenic water treatment which could reduce arsenic concentration far below detection limits. All binding interactions during material preparation and arsenic sorption were exclusively characterized with FT-IR, XRD and other spectroscopic tools. A molecular modeling on the basis of density functional theory was carried out to verify the above findings. Influence of material dose, treatment time, initial ion concentration, varying temperatures, etc., on extent of sorption was studied in detail. The thermodynamic parameters viz. ΔG (&gt;–11 kJ/mol), ΔH (42.48 kJ/mol), ΔS (177.6 JK−1 mol−1) and E a (59.16 kJ/mol) determined the feasibility of the process, its endothermic behavior and most importantly the chemical nature of the sorption accompanied by ion-exchange to some extent. The sorption followed a monolayer chemisorption pattern as determined by the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.973, R L = 0.081) with a qmax = 2.04 at 303 K. The binding of As(III) on the material was governed by a pseudo second order kinetic model.
The variation and attribution analysis of the runoff and sediment in the lower reach of the Yellow River during the past 60 years
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Liu Jinghang , Guo Wenxian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The water and sediment regimes of the Yellow River are the basis of decision-making of major projects of the Yellow River. Based on water and sediment data at the Huayuankou station, Gaocun station, Aishan station, and Lijin station in the lower reach of the Yellow River, the Mann–Kendall test, the T-test for differences, wavelet analysis, slope change ratio method and the double cumulative curve method were applied to analyze the runoff and sediment regime alteration. The results show that the water and sediment of the lower Yellow River have a significant downward trend, and the annual sediment decreases significantly compared with the annual runoff. The annual runoff and sediment of the four hydrological stations changed around the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The water and sediment of hydrological stations have periodic variations on multiple time-scales, but the variation scales are different. Precipitation, human activities and other factors lead to the decreasing trend of water and sediment in the lower Yellow River, and their contribution rates to the change of water and sediment are also different. Precipitation contributed 0.15%–8.71% and 0.06%–22.32% to the reduction of runoff and sediment load at the hydrological stations, while human activities contributed 91.29%–99.85% and 77.68%–102.21% to the reduction of runoff and sediment load, respectively. Human activity is the main factor in runoff and sediment reduction.
An inverse design method for determining the optimal tributary flow into a main stream in a rainstorm period
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Huimin , You Xue-Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To ensure water quality at the control cross-section of main streams (CCMS) in a rainstorm period, an inverse design method was proposed to determine the optimal discharge flow of tributary rivers. The design variables are tributary discharges and the target variables are the required concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) at CCMS. The relationship between target variables and design variables was identified using an artificial neural network (ANN). The database was obtained by Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) and the optimal tributary discharges were obtained by a genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with well trained ANN. The results showed the following results: (a) The relative prediction errors of ANN are mostly less than 5%. (b) When the inlet flow rate is 0 m3/s, 30 m3/s, 50 m3/s, 100 m3/s and 200 m3/s, the optimization total discharges of tributaries are 5.7 m3/s, 12.5 m3/s, 18.6 m3/s, 33.4 m3/s and 61.8 m3/s, respectively. (c) Most of optimization plans entirely satisfy the water quality requirements at CCMS except a few plans, in which the relative errors between optimized results and required values of COD and DO are less than 0.4% and 0.1%, respectively. The study showed that the inverse design method is efficient for determining the optimal discharges of multiple tributaries.
Spatial and seasonal variability in the water chemistry of Kabar Tal wetland (Ramsar site), Bihar, India: multivariate statistical techniques and GIS approach
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Ranjan Rajesh Kumar , Parthasarathy Purushothaman , Ansari Afroz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water samples of a newly designated Ramsar site, namely Kabar Tal (KT) wetland of Bihar. Samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. The analytical and GIS results show that concentration of electrical conductivity, chloride, and nitrate are higher in summer than monsoon and winter. However, the concentration of major cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are higher in winter than monsoon and summer. In addition, major anions like sulphate and phosphate concentration is higher during monsoon than summer and winter. Multivariate statistical tool (discriminant analysis) results suggest that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate, and potassium are the major parameters distinguishing the water quality in different seasons. The study confirms that seasonal variations are playing a major role in the hydrochemistry of KT wetland. Overall, this work outlines the approach towards proper conservation and utilization of wetlands and to assess the quality of surface water for determining its suitability for agricultural purposes. Overall, this work highlights the approach towards estimating the seasonal dynamics of chemical species in KT wetland and its suitability for irrigation purposes.
The extraction and process optimization of Cu (II) and Cd (II) using Pickering emulsion liquid membrane
Authors: Murugan P. , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Vidhyeswari D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the extraction of divalent heavy metals like copper [Cu (II)] and cadmium [Cd (II)] using a Pickering Emulsion Liquid Membrane (PELM) has been investigated by using three different surfactants such as Amphiphilic silica nanowires (ASNWs), Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Alumina) and Sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80). The influence of the process parameters such as pH, the stripping phase concentration, the agitation speed, and the carrier concentration on the extraction efficiency have been examined to find the optimum conditions at which the maximum recovery of Cu (II) and Cd (II) could take place. At optimum conditions, the extraction efficiency of 89.77% and 91.19% for Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions were achieved. Non-edible oils were used as diluent in this present study to reduce the need for toxic organic solvents in preparing PELM. The impact of each process factor on the extraction efficiency of Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions has been verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The higher values of F and lower values of P (less than 0.05) indicate pH is the most significant parameter on the percentage extraction of Cu (II) and Cd (II) using the Taguchi design approach.
Clinical Application of the Vestibular Stimulation Effect on Balance Disorders with Dementia
Authors: Nakamagoe Kiyotaka , Yamada Shiori , Kawakami Rio , Maeno Takami , Koganezawa Tadachika , Tamaoka Akira 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In a previous study on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we showed that vestibular
dysfunction derived from cerebral disorders contributes to balance disorders. No previous clinical
study has attempted to prevent the progression of balance disorders in dementia patients
through vestibular stimulation using an air caloric device.

Objective:
The purpose of this pilot study was to delay the progression of balance disorders by inducing
vestibular compensation, specifically by utilizing the effect of vestibular stimulation to activate
the cerebrum.

Methods:
Fifteen individuals were randomized and classified into a stimulation group or a nonstimulation
group. Eight AD patients underwent vestibular stimulation every 2 weeks for 6 months in
the stimulation group. Seven AD patients participated in the nonstimulation group (the control
group). Both groups were subsequently evaluated using a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),
stepping test, caloric test, and smooth pursuit eye movement test just before starting the study
and 6 months later.

Results:
For balance parameters, the various tests did not show any significant differences between
the two groups. However, in the stepping test, the decline rate tended to be higher in the nonstimulation
group than in the stimulation group. The stimulation group’s rate of decline in MMSE scores
was lower than that of the nonstimulation group (p=0.015). No adverse events were tracked during
the present study.

Conclusion:
Repeated vestibular stimulation might help patients retain greater balance and higher
function. To prove these effects, the future clinical application will require an increased number of
cases and longer periods of vestibular stimulation. This study showed that vestibular stimulation by
air caloric device is safe and tolerable in patients with AD.
Apolipoprotein E Gene Revisited: Contribution of Rare Variants to Alzheimer’s Disease Susceptibility in Southern Chinese
Authors: Yee Anita , Tsui Nancy B.Y. , Kwan Rick Y.C. , Leung Angela Y.M. , Lai Claudia K.Y. , Chung Teresa , Lau Johnson Y.N. , Fok Manson , Dai David L.K. , Lau Lok-Ting 
Published: March 2021

Background:APOE ε4 is the best-known risk factor for late-onset alzheimer’s disease (AD). Population studies have demonstrated a relatively low prevalence of APOE ε4 among Chinese population, implying additional risk factors that are Chinese-specific may exist. Apart from - alleles, genetic variation profile along the full-length APOE has rarely been investigated.Objective:In this study, we filled this gap by comprehensively determining all genetic variations in APOE and investigated their potential associations with late-onset AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in southern Chinese.Methods:Two hundred and fifty-seven southern Chinese participants were recruited, of whom 69 were AD patients, 83 had MCI, and 105 were normal controls. Full-length APOE from promoter to 3′UTR regions were sequenced. Genetic variants were identified and compared among the three groups.Results:While APOE ε4 was more significantly found in AD patients, the prevalence of APOE ε4 in southern Chinese AD patients was the lowest when compared to other areas of China and nearby regions, as well as other countries worldwide. We further identified 13 rare non-singleton variants in APOE. Significantly more AD patients carried any of the rare non-singleton variants than MCI and normal subjects. Such difference was observed in the non-carriers of ε4-allele only. Among the identified rare variants, the potential functional impact was predicted for rs532314089, rs553874843, rs533904656 and rs370594287.Conclusion:Our study suggests an ethnic difference in genetic risk composition of AD in southern Chinese. Rare variants on APOE are a potential candidate for AD risk stratification biomarker in addition to APOE-ε4.
Disrupted White Matter Networks from Subjective Memory Impairment to Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Shao Wen , He Xuwen , Li Xin , Tao Wuhai , Zhang Junying , Zhang Shujuan , Wang Lei , Qiao Yanan , Wang Yu , Zhang Zhanjun , Peng Dantao 
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective:
Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is a preclinical stage
prior to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) along with the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum.
We hypothesized that SMI patients had white matter (WM) network disruptions similar to
those in aMCI patients.

Methods:
We used diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory to construct, analyze,
and compare the WM networks among 20 normal controls (NC), 20 SMI patients, and 20 aMCI
patients.

Results:
Compared with the NC group, the SMI group had significantly decreased global and local
efficiency and an increased shortest path length. Moreover, similar to the aMCI group, the SMI
group had lower nodal efficiency in regions located in the frontal and parietal lobes, limbic systems,
and caudate nucleus compared to that of the NC group.

Conclusion:
Similar to aMCI patient, SMI patients exhibited WM network disruptions, and detection
of these disruptions could facilitate the early detection of SMI.
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Attenuates Beta Amyloid (Aβ)-Induced Neurotoxicity Via the Inhibition of Amyloidogenesis and Tau Hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Chan Elaine W.L. , Yeo Emilia T.Y. , Wong Kelly W.L. , See Mun L. , Wong Ka Y. , Yap Jeremy K.Y. , Gan Sook Y. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In Alzheimer’s disease, accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) triggers amyloidogenesis
and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leading to neuronal cell death. Piper sarmentosum
Roxb. (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by Malay to treat rheumatism, headache and
boost memory. It possesses various biological effects, such as anti-cholinergic, anti-inflammatory,
anti-oxidant and anti-depressant-like effects.

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate neuroprotective properties of PS against Aβ-induced
neurotoxicity and to evaluate its potential mechanism of action.

Methods:
Neuroprotective effects of hexane (HXN), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA)
and methanol (MEOH) extracts from leaves (L) and roots (R) of PS against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity
were investigated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Cells were pre-treated with PS for
24 h followed by 24 h of induction with Aβ. The neuroprotective effects of PS were studied using
cell viability and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The levels of extracellular Aβ and
tau proteins phosphorylated at threonine 231 (pT231) were determined. Gene and protein expressions
were assessed using qRT-PCR analyses and western blot analyses, respectively.

Results:
Hexane extracts of PS (LHXN and RHXN) protected SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity,
and decreased levels of extracellular Aβ and phosphorylated tau (pT231). Although extracts
of PS inhibited Aβ-induced ROS production, it was unlikely that neuroprotective effects
were simply due to the anti-oxidant capacity of PS. Further, mechanistic study suggested that the
neuroprotective effects of PS might be due to its capability to regulate amyloidogenesis through
the downregulation of BACE and APP.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that hexane extracts of PS confer neuroprotection against Aβ-
induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by attenuating amyloidogenesis and tau hyperphosphorylation.
Due to its neuroprotective properties, PS might be a potential therapeutic agent for
Alzheimer’s disease.
Evaluation of the factors affecting the formation of humoral immunity to the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus in medical students and doctors of the Republic of Crimea during active phase of the COVID-19 pandemia
Authors: Kubyshkin A. V. , Fomochkina I. I. , Krutikov E. S. , Sataieva T. P. , Ageeva E. S. , Zakharova А. N. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: to study the factors that affect the indicators of humoral immunity in medical students and doctors of the city of Simferopol by means of questionnaires and serological testing. The data obtained may indicate a fairly high involvement of medical students and medical workers in the processes of formation of population immunity to COVID-19.Materials and methods: from 14.09.20 to 06.10.20 the 67 students, as well as 19 doctors and nurses living in the Republic of Crimea have been examined by the method of enzyme immunoassay to detect IgG serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. All the examined subjects completed the online questionnaire.Results: According to the ELISA the antibodies to CoV-19 were detected in 14 students (20,9% [18,3%; 25,1%]), as well as in 6 health workers (31,6% [28,9%; 34,2%]) of the total examined number. The survey revealed a number of adverse factors that contribute to the depletion of the body's immune reserves in both students and medical professionals.Conclusion: the studies of the seroprevalence to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in various population groups, as well as the mechanisms and features of seroconversion, the kinetics of the immune response and the intensity of humoral immunity may possess an extremely important role in developing the strategy and tactics of antipandemic measures and in the future COVID-19 vaccine prophylaxis.
Association of beta-adrenergic reactivity index of erythrocyte membranes in myocardial infarction with genetic features of the beta-adrenoreceptor apparatus
Authors: Garganeeva A. A. , Aleksandrenko V. А. , Kuzheleva E. A. , Afanasiev S. A. , Rebrova T. Y. , Muslimova E. F. , Maksimov I. V. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To study the association of beta-adrenergic reactivity index of erythrocyte membranes with polymorphisms of the beta-1-adrenergic receptor gene ADRB1 (Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly).Material and methods: the study included 62 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) — 49 men (median age of 58.0 (47.5; 64.5) years) and 13 women (median age of 76.0 (61.5; 81.0) years). All patients underwent analysis of beta-adrenoreactivity of erythrocyte membranes using the BETA-ARM AGAT reagent kit within the first 6 hours from the onset of MI. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the value of the beta-adrenergic reactivity index (β-ARM). The first group (n = 11) included patients with a normal P-ARM level (from 2 to 20 conventional units). The second group (n = 51) consisted of patients with increased values of β-ARM (more than 20 standard units). Genetic analysis for the determination of ADRB1 gene polymorphisms (Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly) was carried out by isolating DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes (Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit) with PCR amplification and further electrophoretic detection. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using Statistica 10 software and the demo version of IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0.Results: patients with elevated β-APM values were characterized by higher levels of myocardial necrosis markers in the blood (CPK, CPK-MB, and troponin I) in acute myocardial infarction than for patients of the first group (p = 0.009, p = 0.032 and p = 0.001, respectively). In addition, the second group of patients was characterized by a more frequent development of acute left ventricular failure (33.3%, p = 0.026), as well as a history of arterial hypertension before the development of index MI (90.2%, p = 0.044). With regard to the Arg389Gly polymorphism, significant differences were found among patients with normal and increased P-APM values in the acute period of MI. Thus, the second group of patients consisted mainly of carriers of the 1165CC genotype of the ADRB1 gene (n = 29, 56.9%, p = 0.043). The carriage of the 1165G allele was much more often observed among patients of the first group (81.8%; OR = 5.93; CI 1.16-30.25; p = 0.043).Conclusion: an association of the 1165CC genotype of the Arg389Gly polymorphism of the ADRB1 gene with increased β-APM values in acute MI was established. The detected associations may indicate a possible genetic predisposition to SAS hyperactivation, and also indicate the need for further study of polymorphisms and the level of expression of the ADRB1 gene in patients with high individual values of β-APM established in the acute period of MI.