bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Enhanced Beneficial Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Over Evening Primrose Oil on Oxidative Stress, and Liver Function in Male Arthritic Rats
Authors: Kandeil Mohamed A. , Ebrahim Sana’a O. , Mahmoud Basant M. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the enhancing of extra virgin olive (EVOO) and Evening primrose oil (EPO) on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in male Wistar rats and compare between them.
Place and Duration: Faculty of Science biochemistry department, Between July 2018 and August 2018.
Methodology: A Subcutaneous injection of 200 µl of Freund's complete adjuvant into a footpad of the right hind leg of Wistar male rats at two consecutive days induced RA. Rats received EVOO and EPO daily by oral gavage needle with gauge 18 at doses of 5 mg/kg b.wt./day. for 10 and 21 days. No loss was recorded in the experimental rats.
Results: A significant depletion in serum Reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione s transferase activities (GST) in arthritic rats compared to normal rats after 10 and 21 days of induction which improved significantly after 10 and 21 days of EPO and EVOO treatments. EPO and EVOO treatments for 21 days increased the GSH and GPX compared to 10 days treatments while no difference in GST activity. EVOO treatment improved GSH and GPX after 10 and 21 days than EPO treatment. The elevated uric acid levels in arthritic rats were markedly ameliorated as a result of EVOO and EPO treatment administration. Increased lipid peroxidation products (MDA), rheumatoid factor, and liver enzyme (Alanine transaminase ALT and Aspartate transaminase AST) were recorded in arthritic rats and they significantly progressed after EPO and EVOO treatments for 10 and 21 days but EVOO had the best effect at 21 days.
Conclusion: EVOO and EPO showed significant antioxidant efficacies and improved affected liver enzymes due to rheumatoid arthritis onset. When comparing olive oil has more antioxidant properties than evening primrose oil, so we recommend more studies on olive oil combination with anti-arthritic medications to improve their efficacies with less toxicity.
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
Authors: Robert Joerg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDigital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is a suite of standards that has been mainly created for the broadcasting of digital radio. DAB was essentially developed within the European research project EUREKA 147 since 1987. The official standard specifying DAB was published in 1995, and commercial broadcasts started in 1997. At the time of its development, DAB has been very pioneering. It introduced new technologies such as highly efficient audio compression. The origins of MP3 audio encoding – which led to disruptive changes in the music industry – were part of the DAB development. In addition, the introduction of the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) modulation – used in practically all state‐of‐the‐art terrestrial communications standards – was part of DAB. This article gives an overview of the complete DAB ecosystem. First, it presents the history of the development and commercial introduction of DAB. Then, it shows the DAB ecosystem consisting of a set of different standards. Next, the article presents the basic principles of the DAB physical layer and the audio compression. Finally, the document explains the data transport coding with the intended applications and the commercial deployment of DAB.
The Cream of the Crop: Biology, Breeding, and Applications ofCannabis Sativa
Authors: Schilling Susanne , Dowling Caroline A. , Shi Jiaqi , Ryan Louise , Hunt David J. L. , O'Reilly Eve , Perry Antoinette S. , Kinnane Oliver , McCabe Paul F. , Melzer Rainer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCannabis sativais an extraordinarily versatile species. Hemp and its cousin marijuana, bothC. sativa, have been used for millennia as a source of fibre, oil, and for medicinal, spiritual, and recreational purposes. Because the consumption ofCannabiscan have psychoactive effects, the plant has been widely banned throughout the last century. In the past decade, evidence of its medicinal properties did lead to the relaxation of legislation in many countries around the world. Consequently, the genetics and development ofCannabisas well asCannabis‐derived products are the subject of renewed attention.Here, we review the biology ofC. sativa,including recent insights from taxonomy, morphology, and genomics, with an emphasis on the genetics of cannabinoid synthesis. Because the femaleCannabisflower is of special interest as the site of cannabinoid synthesis, we explore flower development, flowering time well as the species' unique sex determination system in detail.Furthermore, we outline the tremendous medicinal, engineering, and environmental opportunities thatCannabisbears. Together, the picture emerges that our understanding ofCannabisbiology currently progresses at an unusual speed. A future challenge will be to preserve the multi‐purpose nature ofCannabis, and to harness its medicinal properties and sustainability advantages simultaneously.
Tall towers: Schemas and illusions when perceiving and remembering a familiar building
Authors: Murphy Dillon H. , Castel Alan D. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe investigated how schemas can bias both memory and perception of a frequently seen building leading to a horizontal‐vertical illusion. Specifically, undergraduate students (n = 172) were asked to estimate and sketch the dimensions of a highly familiar campus building to determine if they misremember or misperceive the building's features. Despite its cubic dimensions, participants frequently overestimated the building's height to width ratio, both on sketches and estimates, as they were likely biased by the horizontal‐vertical illusion and the schema that buildings are often taller than wider. This occurred regardless of whether participants sketched and estimated from memory or completed these tasks while perceiving the building. Additionally, participants were often unable to correctly identify the building's outline on a recognition test, even while looking at it. These results demonstrate that both perceptual and memory accuracy can be impacted by schematic biases and cognitive illusions.
Universal Bottom Contact Modification with Diverse 2D Spacers for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jun , Zuo Lijian , Wu Haotian , Niu Benfang , Shan Shiqi , Wu Gang , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the 2D spacer modification is widely studied in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), the energy level alignment between the 2D/3D interfaces makes it unfavorable for top surface passivation in the inverted p‐i‐n device structure. To address this issue, the effect of bottom interface modification is studied with three representative 2D spacers, i.e., the Ruddlesden‐Popper 2D spacer, Dion‐Jacobson 2D spacer, and strong passivation 2D spacer, in inverted p‐i‐n PVSCs. After optimization, the PVSCs with these 2D spacer modifications universally exhibit the best efficiencies of ≈21.6%, which constitutes dramatic improvement compared to the control device (20.7%). By lifting off the perovskite layer, the optoelectronic properties of the bottom surface are studied, and the mechanism underlying the improved device performance is unveiled to be uniformly originated from the formation of 2D/3D heterojunction, where the cascade valence band facilitates the hole collection and electron back scattering field suppresses the charge recombination at the anode interface. Besides, the unencapsulated device retains 90% of initial efficiency after 30 days of storage in ambient air with a relative humidity of 30 ± 5%, indicating excellent stability against moisture and oxygen. This study provides insight into the bottom interface modification with diverse 2D spacers for high‐performance p‐i‐n structured PVSC devices.
Dynamically Crosslinked Dry Ion‐Conducting Elastomers for Soft Iontronics
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Guo Wenbin , Guo Zi Hao , Ma Yuan , Gao Lei , Cong Zifeng , Zhao Xue Jiao , Qiao Lijie , Pu Xiong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoft ionic conductors show great promise in multifunctional iontronic devices, but currently utilized gel materials suffer from liquid leakage or evaporation issues. Here, a dry ion‐conducting elastomer with dynamic crosslinking structures is reported. The dynamic crosslinking structures endow it with combined advantageous properties simultaneously, including high ionic conductivity (2.04 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C), self‐healing capability (96% healing efficiency), stretchability (563%), and transparency (78%). With this ionic conductor as the electrode, two soft iontronic devices (electroluminescent devices and triboelectric nanogenerator tactile sensors) are realized with entirely self‐healing and stretchable capabilities. Due to the absence of liquid materials, the dry ion‐conducting elastomer shows wide operational temperature range, and the iontronic devices achieve excellent stability. These findings provide a promising strategy to achieve highly conductive and multifunctional soft dry ionic conductors, and demonstrate their great potential in soft iontronics or electronics.
Advances in Liquid‐Phase and Intercalation Exfoliations of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides to Produce 2D Framework
Authors: Raza Ali , Hassan Jahan Zeb , Ikram Muhammad , Ali Salamat , Farooq Umer , Khan Qasim , Maqbool Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA host of innovative developments in technology have led by 2D materials owing to their remarkable electronic and physical properties which opens doors for advanced research areas and horizons of material science. Among these materials, transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) e.g., MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, are reflected as promising candidates of 2D family. Despite significant achievements, the primary challenge is to produce these 2D materials with high purity, massive yield, and well‐controlled structure that lead to fundamental research as well as industrial applications in an efficient and scalable way. A variety of techniques have been employed to develop 2D‐TMDCs, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical exfoliations. Among state‐of‐the‐art synthetic protocols, chemical exfoliations including Liquid‐phase and intercalation isolations of TMDCs are deliberated as promising solutions for high yield, great performance, low cost, and excellent up‐scalability. Herein, a succinct and comprehensive survey of recent progress in chemical exfoliation routes is presented with the processing techniques, strategic design for exfoliations, and mechanisms of individual approaches. The focus of this review is to fulfill the gap in recent reviews such as underlying mechanisms, chemistries, and critical hurdles with effective solutions in performing chemical exfoliations and suggesting a framework for future studies of TMDCs’ advanced applications.
Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation
Authors: Suo Xidong , Yang Jie , Zhang Yanrong , Hao Yuting , Yang Jiahui , Qiao Hongtao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUtilization of carbon materials for harvesting solar energy is a green, feasible, sustainable, and promising way to manufacture freshwater from sewage and seawater. However, sunlight absorption efficiency, light to thermal conversion efficiency, and expensive cost are still limitations for large‐scale solar steam generation. Here, a solar steam evaporator which is fabricated by carbonized willow catkins films and activated by different metal chlorides under nitrogen at 800 °C is demonstrated. Under the light irradiation intensity of one sun (1000 W m−2), water evaporation rate of the prepared evaporator is up to ≈2.17 kg m−2 h−1, and the surface temperatures reach up to 50 and 91.7 °C under water‐saturated and dry situations, respectively, indicating good steam generation ability and heat localization performance of the fabricated evaporator. The SEM, BET, DSC, and ICP‐MS results show that such a high water evaporation rate of the prepared carbon materials is due to the typical tubular micro‐structure, which decreases water enthalpy of evaporation and the water evaporation in the form of molecular clusters. This method of carbonized and activated willow catkins films provides a sustainable way for efficiently harvesting solar energy to produce fresh water from seawater and sewage.
Population modification strategies for malaria vector control are uniquely resilient to observed levels of gene drive resistance alleles
Authors: Lanzaro Gregory C. , Sánchez C. Hector M. , Collier Travis C. , Marshall John M. , James Anthony A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCas9/guide RNA (gRNA)‐based gene drive systems are expected to play a transformative role in malaria elimination efforts., whether through population modification, in which the drive system contains parasite‐refractory genes, or population suppression, in which the drive system induces a severe fitness load resulting in population decline or extinction. DNA sequence polymorphisms representing alternate alleles at gRNA target sites may confer a drive‐resistant phenotype in individuals carrying them. Modeling predicts that, for observed levels of SGV at potential target sites and observed rates of de novo DRA formation, population modification strategies are uniquely resilient to DRAs. We conclude that gene drives can succeed when fitness costs incurred by drive‐carrying mosquitoes are low enough to prevent strong positive selection for DRAs produced de novo or as part of the SGV and that population modification strategies are less prone to failure due to drive resistance.
How does the early life environment influence the oral microbiome and determine oral health outcomes in childhood?
Authors: Adler Christina Jane , Cao Kim‐Anh Lê , Hughes Toby , Kumar Piyush , Austin Christine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe first 1000 days of life, from conception to 2 years, are a critical window for the influence of environmental exposures on the assembly of the oral microbiome, which is the precursor to dental caries (decay), one of the most prevalent microbially induced disorders worldwide. While it is known that the human microbiome is susceptible to environmental exposures, there is limited understanding of the impact of prenatal and early childhood exposures on the oral microbiome trajectory and oral health. A barrier has been the lack of technology to directly measure the foetal "exposome", which includes nutritional and toxic exposures crossing the placenta. Another barrier has been the lack of statistical methods to account for the high dimensional data generated by‐omic assays. Through identifying which early life exposures influence the oral microbiome and modify oral health, these findings can be translated into interventions to reduce dental decay prevalence.
Atypical resting state functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Amir Joelle , Nair Jay Kumar Raghavan , Del Carpio‐O'Donovan Raquel , Ptito Alain , Chen Jen‐Kai , Chankowsky Jeffrey , Tinawi Simon , Lunkova Ekaterina , Saluja Rajeet Singh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate changes in three intrinsic functional connectivity networks (IFCNs; default mode network [DMN], salience network [SN], and task‐positive network [TPN]) in individuals who had sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data were acquired from 27 mTBI patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms, along with 26 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. These individuals were recruited from a Level‐1 trauma center, at least 3 months after a traumatic episode. IFCNs were established based on seed‐to‐voxel, region‐of‐interest (ROI) to ROI, and independent component analyses (ICA). Subsequently, we analyzed the relationship between functional connectivity and postconcussive symptoms.ResultsSeed‐to‐voxel analysis of rs‐fMRI demonstrated decreased functional connectivity in the right lateral parietal lobe, part of the DMN, and increased functional connectivity in the supramarginal gyrus, part of the SN. Our TPN showed both hypo‐ and hyperconnectivity dependent on seed location. Within network hypoconnectivity was observed in the visual network also using group comparison. Using an ICA, we identified altered network functional connectivity in regions within four IFCNs (sensorimotor, visual, DMN, and dorsal attentional). A significant negative correlation between dorsal attentional network connectivity and behavioral symptoms score was also found.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that rs‐fMRI may be of use clinically in order to assess disrupted functional connectivity among IFCNs in mTBI patients. Improved mTBI diagnostic and prognostic information could be especially relevant for athletes looking to safely return to play, as well for individuals from the general population with persistent postconcussive symptoms months after injury, who hope to resume activity.
Clipping versus coiling for the treatment of oculomotor nerve palsy induced by posterior communicating artery aneurysms: A comparison of effectiveness
Authors: Wang Zidong , Kang Xiaokui , Wang Qingdong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA long debate has been going on in the clinical effectiveness to determine whether surgical clipping or coiling more favorable for oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) caused by PcomAA. We aimed to perform a study, focusing on the effectiveness of ONP induced by PcomAA after treatment of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling.MethodPotential studies were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from database inception to February 2021, and STATA version 12.0 was exerted to process the pooled data.ResultsA total of 16 articles are included in the study, hailing from the United States, South Korea, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Korea, China, Japan, Britain, and Singapore. The results showed that the clipping group was related to a higher incidence of complete ONP recovery at follow‐up (OR = 5.808, 95% CI 2.87 to 11.76, p < 0.001), the lower rates of partial ONP recovery (OR = 0.264, 95% CI 0.173 to 0.402, p < .001) and no improvement of ONP at follow‐up (RD = –0.149, 95% CI –0.247 to –0.051, p = .003). In the subgroup of complete ONP recovery based on the condition of patients, clipping was associated with a higher incidence of complete ONP recovery in patients with the incomplete initial ONP (OR = 3.579, p = .020) and ruptured aneurysm (OR = 5.38, p = .020). Regarding the subgroup of complete ONP recovery based on the quality of studies, similar results also appeared.ConclusionSurgical clipping was more favorable to the recovery from ONP caused by PcomAA endovascular coiling due to a higher rate of recovery and recovery degree of ONP. Besides that, more evidence‐based performance is necessary to supplement this opinion.
Effect of Citric Acid and Sodium Chloride on Characteristics of Sunflower Seed Shell‐Derived Activated Carbon
Authors: Bahiraei Ayoob , Behin Jamshid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicro‐ and mesoporous activated carbons (ACs) with ultrahigh surface area were synthesized from sunflower seed shells (SSS) by carbonization followed by KOH activation. The effects of citric acid (CA) in both carbonization and activation and of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the activation step were evaluated through the response surface method. Na atoms produced during activation can diffuse in the carbon texture and intensify the role of K atoms in expanding and creating new microporosity, whereas its combination with CA results in a significant proportion of mesopores. CA sequestrates metal ions and facilitates the decomposition of lignocellulosics, which prevents the formation of heavy tar blocking the pores. A high capacity for CO2 adsorption was also observed for the NaCl‐activated sample which was higher than that reported previously.
REERS: Reliable and energy‐efficient route selection algorithm for heterogeneous Internet of things applications
Authors: Nayagi D. Salangai , G G Sivasankari , Ravi Vinayakumar , K R Venugopal , Sennan Sankar 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMachine‐type communication (MTC) such as device‐to‐device and machine‐to‐machine communication is a technology used to realize the concept of Internet of things (IoT). The fifth generation (5G) IoT is composed of large density of wireless sensor device. The massive roll out of the MTC devices is a serious challenge for wireless communication networks from operational and management perspective, including massive access, route selection, energy efficiency and network congestion. Many proposals have been put forward by the research community to cater to the issues and difficulties of massive MTC (mMTC) access in large density sensor network‐enabled IoT communication environment. Recently, data aggregation with efficient route selection has attracted a lot of research attention owing to its robust ability to resolve the above‐mentioned challenges. Existing data routing and aggregation methodologies are not efficient when adopted to heterogeneous IoT applications as they fail to bring trade‐off between energy efficiency and latency minimization. This research work proposes reliable and energy‐efficient route selection (REERS) scheme to reduce energy dissipation and latency for catering both real‐time and non‐real‐time applications. Experiment outcomes shows the REERS schemes achieves much superior performance than existing routing and aggregation methodologies over latency reduction and energy efficiency.
Shennongjia–Wushan Mountains—One cryptic glacial refugium introduced by the phylogeographical study of the Geometridae moth Ourapteryx szechuana Wehrli
Authors: Cheng Rui , Han Hongxiang , Xue Dayong , Zhu Chaodong , Jiang Nan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe origin and evolution of biodiversity in the Shennongjia and Wushan Mountains, located in central China, are little known. In this study, we used Ourapteryx szechuana, which is widely distributed in China and northern Nepal, to explore whether these mountains acted as glacial refugia during climate oscillations of the Quaternary. In total, 192 samples of O. szechuana were collected throughout much of the distribution range. Phylogenetic analysis, molecular dating, demographic history reconstructions, and MAXENT were used to investigate the evolutionary history and differentiation mechanisms and predict the potential species distributions during four different periods. The phylogenetic tree and the star‐like median‐joining network strongly supported two reciprocally monophyletic and allopatric lineages. Lineage I was restricted to the Shennongjia and Wushan Mountains. The divergence time of O. szechuana from its sister species O. thibetaria was approximately 1.94 Ma. The differentiation processes of the two intraspecific lineages occurred at approximately 0.47 Ma. The demographic history reconstruction and the ecological niche model suggested that Lineage II experienced an expansion after the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum), whereas Lineage I did not experience any expansion. Our results suggested the Naynayxungla glaciation promoted the divergence of the two lineages by restricting them to different refugia. The valleys of the Shennongjia–Wushan Mountains may have kept stable and warm (thus ice‐free) environments during Quaternary glaciations, allowing this region to act as a glacial refugia. Our studies show that the Shennongjia and Wushan Mountains are likely to be important but little studied glacial refugia for the insect and thus worthy of more attention.