bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially patterned bi-electrode epiretinal stimulation for axon avoidance at cellular resolution
Authors: Vilkhu Ramandeep S , Madugula Sasidhar S , Grosberg Lauren E , Gogliettino Alex R , Hottowy Pawel , Dabrowski Wladyslaw , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M , Mitra Subhasish , Chichilnisky E J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Epiretinal prostheses are designed to restore vision to people blinded by photoreceptor degenerative diseases by stimulating surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which carry visual signals to the brain. However, inadvertent stimulation of RGCs at their axons can result in non-focal visual percepts, limiting the quality of artificial vision. Theoretical work has suggested that axon activation can be avoided with current stimulation designed to minimize the second spatial derivative of the induced extracellular voltage along the axon. However, this approach has not been verified experimentally at the resolution of single cells. Approach. In this work, a custom multi-electrode array (512 electrodes, 10 μm diameter, 60 μm pitch) was used to stimulate and record RGCs in macaque retina ex vivo at single-cell, single-spike resolution. RGC activation thresholds resulting from bi-electrode stimulation, which consisted of bipolar currents simultaneously delivered through two electrodes straddling an axon, were compared to activation thresholds from traditional single-electrode stimulation. Main results. On average, across three retinal preparations, the bi-electrode stimulation strategy reduced somatic activation thresholds (∼21%) while increasing axonal activation thresholds (∼14%), thus favoring selective somatic activation. Furthermore, individual examples revealed rescued selective activation of somas that was not possible with any individual electrode. Significance. This work suggests that a bi-electrode epiretinal stimulation strategy can reduce inadvertent axonal activation at cellular resolution, for high-fidelity artificial vision.
The system of metrological provision of the Russian Federation in the field of measurement of gas flows in a vacuum and its future development
Authors: Chernyshenko A A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article provides information about the state of the metrological provision in the field of gas flow measurements in a vacuum. The researchers describe the need to build and improve a system of metrological provision in the field of measuring gas flows in a vacuum. There is information about the work on the creation of a piston flow meter as a national standard for gas flow in a vacuum, taking place in the research department of the state standards in the field of pressure measurements of the D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology VNIIM.
Analysis of the system of current stabilization of the radiation power of glow-discharge lasers
Authors: Kiselev A S , Kobrusev D M , Smirnov E A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the transfer function of the discharge gaps of glow discharge lasers. The transfer function in this case shows how a change in the discharge current leads to a change in the concentration of electrons in the positive column, which are an energy source for the excitation of laser levels. Based on the analysis, the characteristic time constants of the transfer function were calculated for the main types of glow discharge lasers.
Preparation of silver coated oxide nanomaterials and study of their properties
Authors: Kiseleva M A , Sokovnin S Yu , Balezin M E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Annotation. Nanopowders of aluminum oxide silicon oxide and iron oxide with silver coating were produces by the radiation-chemical method. The dimensions of the nanoparticles were 50 to 80 nm, and the area can be changed from 2-3%, up to 40%. Was carried out the validation of antibacterial properties against E.coli and staphylococcus. Were estimated photocatalytic properties of nanopowders, which showed applications perspective as a photocatalytic agent. Cytotoxic properties were also investigated, which showed the relevance of the use of some the obtained composites for targeted drug delivery.
Hysteresis effect during reactive sputtering
Authors: Shapovalov V I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, we studied the effect of constant parameters of the sputtering system on the width of the hysteresis loop during reactive sputtering. The sticking coefficient of the reactive gas to the surface, the chamber pumping speed, the target area, etc. are taken as parameters. The comparative study was carried out by numerical solution of systems of algebraic equations describing the chemisorption and physicochemical models of metal target reactive sputtering in a single reactive gas. The calculations were performed for sputtering a tantalum target in an Ar + O2 mixture. The studied dependences were non-linear in all cases.
Electronics reliability methods for neutrinos telescopes: the KM3NeT case
Authors: Colonges S. , Real D. , Calvo D. , Musico P. , Pellegini G. , Jansweijer P. , van Beveren V. , Chiarusi T. , Bozza C. , Nicolau C. , Díaz A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration is building a deep-sea neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea equipped with thousands of glass spheres, hosting the so-called digital optical modules, with an instrumented volume of several cubic kilometers. Reliability of the components used in the construction of the detectors is of extreme importance as the deployed detection units, each one composed of 18 digital optical modules, will not be accessible for any kind of maintenance and the detector should be functional for a period longer than 10 years. This work presents the different reliability methods used in KM3NeT to assess and improve the reliability of the electronics housed in the Digital Optical Modules of KM3NeT.
Seasonal adjustment of particulate matter pollution in coastal East Asia during the 2020 COVID lockdown
Authors: Wu Chi-Hua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Seasonally, the East Asian particulate matter (PM) level is higher in the winter–spring period than in summer, at which time the level rapidly decreases due to the summer monsoon migration. Attempting to attribute East Asian PM pollution to a source without considering such natural factors is challenging. However, to what degree the effect of season on an attribution bias remains controversial; the bias may even be implicated in PM-related health effects. This study examined seasonal dynamics including the unusual precipitation evolution during 2020—a year in which coronavirus-related lockdowns occurred frequently worldwide—and suggested a large-scale effect from the removal of PM pollutants from most of the coastal cities in East Asia. In winter–spring 2020, compared with that of previous years, a deeper and farther southward intrusion of the East Asian coastal trough and a stronger surface monsoon flow acted jointly to transport air pollutants over the Korea–Japan region. In summer 2020, the strength and migration of the western North Pacific (WNP) high increased precipitation and removed air pollutants in mid-latitude East Asia, whereas it reduced precipitation in the subtropical WNP. Consequently, the reduced PM level in the subtropical region (including Taiwan) may be irrelevant to the anomalous seasonal pattern. Although an artificial effect is conceivable and may be primarily responsible for the marked decrease in 2020 East Asian PM pollutants in some subtropical cities, the modulation of a large-scale and precipitating effect also deserves consideration.
Influence of high road labor policies and practices on renewable energy costs, decarbonization pathways, and labor outcomes
Authors: Mayfield Erin , Jenkins Jesse 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Achieving an economy-wide net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goal by mid-century in the United States entails transforming the energy workforce. In this study, we focus on the influence of increased labor compensation and domestic manufacturing shares on (a) renewable energy technology costs, (b) the costs of transitioning the U.S. economy to net-zero emissions, and (c) labor outcomes, including total employment and wage benefits, associated with the deployment of utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) and land based and offshore wind power. We find that manufacturing and installation labor cost premiums as well as increases in domestic content shares across wind and utility-scale solar PV supply chains result in relatively modest increases in total capital and operating costs. These small increases in technology costs may be partially or fully offset by increases in labor productivity. We also show that solar and wind technology cost premiums associated with high road labor policies have a minimal effect on the pace and scale of renewable energy deployment and the total cost of transitioning to a net-zero emissions economy. Public policies such as tax credits, workforce development support, and other instruments can redistribute technology cost premiums associated with high road labor policies to support both firms and workers.
Sparse random block matrices
Authors: Cicuta Giovanni M , Pernici Mario 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The spectral moments of ensembles of sparse random block matrices are analytically evaluated in the limit of large order. The structure of the sparse matrix corresponds to the Erdös–Renyi random graph. The blocks are i.i.d. random matrices of the classical ensembles GOE or GUE. The moments are evaluated for finite or infinite dimension of the blocks. The correspondences between sets of closed walks on trees and classes of irreducible partitions studied in free probability together with functional relations are powerful tools for analytic evaluation of the limiting moments. They are helpful to identify probability laws for the blocks and limits of the parameters which allow the evaluation of all the spectral moments and of the spectral density.
Entanglement in bipartite quantum systems: Euclidean volume ratios and detectability by Bell inequalities
Authors: Sauer A , Bernád J Z , Moreno H J , Alber G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Euclidean volume ratios between quantum states with positive partial transpose and all quantum states in bipartite systems are investigated. These ratios allow a quantitative exploration of the typicality of entanglement and of its detectability by Bell inequalities. For this purpose a new numerical approach is developed. It is based on the Peres–Horodecki criterion, on a characterization of the convex set of quantum states by inequalities resulting from Newton identities and from Descartes’ rule of signs, and on a numerical approach involving the multiphase Monte Carlo method and the hit-and-run algorithm. This approach confirms not only recent analytical and numerical results on two-qubit, qubit-qutrit, and qubit-four-level qudit states but also allows for a numerically reliable numerical treatment of so far unexplored qutrit–qutrit states. Based on this numerical approach with the help of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality and the Collins–Gisin inequality the degree of detectability of entanglement is investigated for two-qubit quantum states. It is investigated quantitatively to which extent a combined test of both Bell inequalities can increase the detectability of entanglement beyond what is achievable by each of these inequalities separately.
The properties of rhizobacteria from tomato rhizosphere as biocontrol and biofertilizer
Authors: Kalay A M , Kesaulya H , Talahaturuson A , Osok R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Low soil fertility and the presence of pathogen are the limiting factors in horticultural crops cultivation in Ambon City. This study aimed to isolate plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from tomato rhizosphere as a potential biocontrol, biostimulant and biofertilizer. The research consisted of two stages, namely (1) isolation of bacteria from tomato rhizosphere and purification of the isolates, and (2) characterization of colony morphology, gram reaction, hypersensitivity test and antagonist test to soil pathogens, phosphate dissolution, and phytohormones indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Forty-two isolates were found from tomato rhizosfer, 36 isolates suppressed growth of Rhizoctonia solani while 6 isolates increased the growth of those pathogen. The growth of Phytophthora sp. pathogen was decreased by 35 bacterial isolates and increased by 7 bacterial isolates. All isolates produce IAA but only 13 isolates are enabled to dissolve inorganic phosphate. Based on bacterial properties, the isolates of TT-22, TT-21, TT-12, TT-11, WT-11 and WT-332 are the promising isolates for developing the biological agent as pathogen control and biofertilizer.
Essential oil components of forest clove variants from Ambon Island, Maluku
Authors: Mahulette A S , Riry J , Kesaulya H , Kembauw E , Lawalata I J , Wattimena A Y , Makaruku M H , Alfian A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Forest clove is native to Maluku from the non-aromatic class. Forest cloves have several variants, including the accession group with a small morphological size in the population. So far, the complete information on essential components contained in this accession group is not studied. The research aims to determine the forest clove accession group's total essential oils with small morphological sizes originating from its distribution area on Ambon Island, Maluku. The analyses were performed on flowers, flower stalks, and leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis results identified 11 components in the flower section, 14 components on the flower stalk, and 13 components on the leaf. The main components analysis of the heat map profile revealed that the small morphological-sized forest clove accession groups' main components were germacrene-D, α-cubebene, eugenol, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, methyl eugenol.
Food consumption patterns among university students in Indonesia during the transition period in new Normal Era of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yunianto A E , Kristiandi K , Darawati M , Doloksaribu T H , Anggraeni I , Pasambuna M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 outbreak that occurred in Indonesia affected all aspects of community life, including students, especially in food consumption patterns. Our study aims to investigate the differences in eating habits of health and non-health students during the transition period to the new normal era. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 5,924 students. The questionnaire was in the form of an e-survey with a google form. The students' diet was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the differences in dietary patterns between health and non-health majors. There was a significant difference in student consumption patterns including daily eating habits (p = 0.002), consumption of animal side dishes (p = 0.000), vegetable consumption (p = 0.000), water consumption (p = 0.000), changes in eating frequency (p = 0.013) and changes in the amount of food consumed (p = 0.008). There were differences in consumption patterns between students majoring in health and non-health during the transition period. A good diet is needed in increasing immunity in students during the transition period.
Species of pandan (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency
Authors: Sahupala A , Siahaya T E , Seipala B B , Siahaya L. , Pelupessy L. , Komul Y.D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the Species of Pandanus (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency. The object used in this study was the external body structure of pandanus plants (pandanus sp) such as fruit, flowers, leaves, stems and roots. This research was conducted directly by direct survey in the field and observing the species of pandanus (Pandanus sp), this research includes observations on fruit, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. Based on the results of the study found 6 species of pandan (Pandanus sp) that is : Pandan Duri, Pandan Mengkuwang, Pandan Kowang, Pandan Sepajam, Pandan Wangi dan Pandan Laut. Of these 6 species we can distinguish from the shape of the leaves, stem shapes, fruit shapes, and root shapes.
The effect of light and gibberellic acid concentrations on breaking dormancy of potato micro tuber
Authors: Karjadi A K , Waluyo N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of Indonesia’s priority crops considering its nutritive benefit as a carbohydrates source in food diversification. Potato tubers are classified as stem tubers, so the tubers such as micro tuber can appear in the stem of in vitro cuttings. The research aimed to determine the effect of GA3 concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ppm) and storage conditions, e.g., Dark (T1) and light (T2), on breaking dormancy of potato micro tubers. This experiment was conducted in the Tissue culture Laboratory of IVEGRI from April until September 2018. The experiment used a randomized block design with 3 replications; each treatment consisted of 40 micro tubers of Granola (var.) with size ranged >3 - <4 g per each. The result showed that storage conditions gave significant differences to the percentage of breaking dormancy for 4-6 weeks, and GA3 concentration did not affect the average number of shoot, average shoot length in concentration 5 until 20 ppm. The average shoot number, shoot lengths were 0.63 – 2.20 per tubers, 7.50 – 20.13 mm, respectively. There was no interaction between treatment. Visual observation concluded that storage in light conditions produced shoots with better quality than ones in dark conditions.
Embryo-gynogenic induction of Indonesia shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) cultivars using three different protocol unpollinated flower cultures
Authors: Lestari E S , Sulastriningsih  , Prayantini D C , Purwantoro A , Sulistyaningsih E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmbryo-gynogenic induction was an important step in haploid induction. The research was determined the best method of unpollinated flower culture of Indonesia shallot varieties. Three methods were used including method 1 with two-step cultures using BDS as basic medium supplemented with polyamines 2 mM putrescine on the first step and spermidine 0,1 mM at the second step, method 2 using BDS as basic medium supplemented with 2,4-D 2 mgL−1and BA 2 mgL−1on the first step and NAA 1 mgL−1and 2iP 2 mgL−1on the second step and method 3 using B5 medium supplemented with 2,4-D 2 mgL−1and BA 2 mgL−1. Six shallot cultivars used as flower donor were Katumi, Bima Brebes, Tajuk, Trisula, Superphilip, and Bauji. Flower umbel was collected and pretreated using Yoshida liquid medium then placed on incubator at four °C for overnight. The results showed that all flowers cultured could anthesis properly in the first week of cultured. The embryos could emerge from ovaries from week 7th of cultured in all methods. However, the highest percentage of embryos gynogenic developed to seedlings was achieved using method 3 in Superphilip (6.98%) followed by method 2 in Tajuk (4.44%).
Effects of physical and chemical treatments on seed germination and soybean seed-borne fungi
Authors: Ramdan E P , Perkasa A Y , Azmi T K K , Aisyah  , Kurniasih R , Kanny P I , Risnawati  , Asnur P 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia after rice and maize. Plant pathogens still constrain the increase in soybean productivity. One of the plant pathogenic infections can occur during the seed phase. Therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of physical and chemical treatments as control of seed-borne fungi and their impact on soybean seed germination. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely physical therapy by heating the seeds in a microwave at a temperature of 40 °C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds and chemical treatment by soaking the seeds in a fungicide with active ingredient difenoconazole with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Seeds without heating and as control are soaking fungicides. Each treatment was repeated three times. The seeds that have been given treatments are then planted using the growing test technique and incubated for seven days. Furthermore, the seed viability and the growth of pathogenic fungi were observed at the end of incubation. The results showed that soybean seed germination was not affected by physical and chemical treatments. The seed viability of 100% with or without treatment. This was confirmed by the findings of seed-borne fungi (Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus) with a low infection rate of 0.01-0.19%. Chemical treatment with concentrations of 0.5%, 2%, and 3% had a significant effect on the Fusarium infection level, which was higher than the control, which was 0.18%, 0.17%, and 0.19%. Meanwhile, forCurvulariaandAspergillus, physical and chemical treatments did not have a significant effect.
Resistance varieties and pattern of disease progress of rust (Pucciana horiana p. henn) in Chrysanthemum
Authors: Bety Y A , Pangestuti R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rust is a major disease in chrysanthemum, which causes degradation of flower quality and results in up to 100% yield loss. Out of all the available strategies, breeding for host-plant resistance and knowledge of the pattern of disease progression in each variety is an effective strategy to control rust disease. The disease progress figured out the level of disease severity from time to time. It would be as guidance to control the disease, especially pesticide application. Six national superior and one introduced varieties were tested for their rust resistance. The varieties were studied to know the pattern of disease progression in each variety from vegetative to generative phase. The study was conducted from August 2014 to January 2015 in the plastic house of chrysanthemum plantation at Garung sub-District, Wonosobo regency, one of the centers chrysanthemum production in Central Java. The disease intensity was measured at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting. The results relayed that based on the rate of disease progress and the average of disease intensity, it could be identified that the superior national varieties of chrysanthemum, Kusumaswasti, Marimar, and Yulimar were more resistant to rust than the four other varieties tested. The rate of disease progress and the level of disease intensity of rust by the plant age determined the resistance of the chrysanthemum varieties to rust. Moreover, the result showed that each variety had a different rate and pattern of disease progression and could be used to control rust effectively.
Improving seed germination and seedling growth of true seed shallot (TSS) using plant growth regulator seed priming
Authors: Pangestuti R , Sulistyaningsih E , Kurniasih B , Murti R H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Seeding is the most important and quite challenging stage in seed/TSS cultivation. Plant growth regulator (PGR) seed priming has the potential to enhance the quality of TSS seedlings. The research had been conducted in the greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, UGM, from February to April 2020. The factorial treatments of shallot cultivars (Tuk-Tuk, Lokananta and Sanren) and seed treatments (soaking seed with GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours and untreated seeds as control) were assigned in the RCBD with four replications. Each experimental unit was consisted of 728 seeds per cultivar. Both treated and untreated seeds were sown in soil blocks. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD procedure at α=0.05. The results showed that PGR priming on seeds significantly increased the germination percentage, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and hypothetical vigor index of the three cultivars at six weeks after sowing. However, there was no significant difference in the fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings. This research implied that soaking seeds in GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours could improve seed germination and TSS seedling growth. Additional fertilizers are perhaps needed in soil blocks to increase the effect of hormones on the seedlings.