bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prioritization of predisposing factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of amount of biofilm.
Authors: VINCENT-BUGNAS Séverine , BORSA Leslie , GRUSS Apolline , LUPI Laurence 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The mechanism of gingival growth that may occur during fixed orthodontic treatment is not yet fully understood and the amount of dental plaque is often incriminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gingival growth during multi-attachment orthodontic treatment and to prioritize its predicting factors, especially the quantity of biofilm. Methods: This comprehensive cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on orthodontic patients aged 9 to 30 years, in good health, treated by a fixed appliance. Periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, periodontal phenotype and gingival enhancement index were recorded. Likewise, the brushing habits and the date of the last scaling were noted. The orthodontic parameters studied were the duration of the treatment, the type of bracket, the alloys used for the arches and the type of ligatures. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and variables presenting p value < 0.25 were included in a multivariate analysis to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) of gingival enlargement".Results: A total of 193 patients were included (16.38 ± 4.89 years). Gingival growth occurred for 49.7% of patients included. The predisposing factors for this pathology during fixed orthodontic treatment were conventional metal brackets (p = 0.021), mouth breathing (p = 0.040), male gender (p = 0.035), thick periodontal phenotype (p = 0.043), elastomeric ligations (p = 0.007), duration of treatment (p = 0.022) and presence of plaque (p = 0.004). After achievement of the logistic regression, only two factors remained related to gingival enlargement: metallic brackets (OR:3.5, 95% CI:1.1- 10.55) and duration of treatment (OR:2.03, 95% CI:1.01-4.08). The amount of plaque would not be directly related to the development of gingival increase during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Among the predisposing factors that underlie gingival growth during multi-attachment therapy, the amount of plaque is not found. The qualitative assessment of the plaque and its evolution during treatment could clarify the role of the biofilm in the occurrence of gingival overgrowth.Trial registration: Cross-sectional study.
The Inappropriateness of brain MRI prescriptions and its financial burden
Authors: Kavosi Zahra , Sadeghi Abouzar , Lotfi Farhad , Salari Hedayat , Bayati Mohsen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Inappropriate prescriptions can lead to adverse consequences for patients. It also imposes excessive cost on the patients, payers and health systems. The current study aimed at estimating of the rate of brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) inappropriate prescriptions and their financial burden in Iran.Methods: Using systematic stratified sampling method, this cross-sectional study recruited 385 participants from three public teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Demographic information, questions related to brain MRI prescription and its indications checklist were collected using study-specific data collection tools. The completed indications checklist was compared to the appropriateness status table of indications and scenarios to detect the percent of the appropriateness of prescriptions. Results: About 21 % of total brain MRI prescriptions are inappropriate. Previous treatment, number of referrals to physician, having other diagnostic tests and the applicant of MRI (P<0.01) had significant relationships with prescription appropriateness. The estimated financial burden of inappropriate brain MRIs in Shiraz teaching hospitals was 99988 US dollar in 2017. Conclusions: More than one-fifth of brains MRIs were inappropriate (i.e., prescriptions without medical indications). It caused about one hundred thousand United States Dollar (USD) financial burden which is 17 times of Iran's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. To better allocation of health system resources for provision of MRI services rationing policies for controlling consumer moral hazard and reducing provider induced demand can be helpful.
COVID-19: Clinical Presentation and Prognostic Factors of Severe Disease and Mortality in the Oldest-old Population. A Cohort Study.
Authors: Gálvez-Barrón César , Arroyo-Huidobro Marta , Miñarro Antonio , Añaños Gemma , Chamero Antonio , Martín Mireia , Gris Clara , Avalos Jose L , Capielo Anna , Ventosa Ester , Tremosa Gemma , Rodríguez-Molinero Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oldest-old population (80 years or older) has the highest lethality from COVID-19. There is little information on the clinical presentation and specific prognostic factors for this group. This trial evaluated the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of severe disease and mortality in the oldest-old population.METHODS Ambispective cohort study of oldest-old patients hospitalized for respiratory infection associated with COVID-19 and with a positive test by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical presentation and the factors associated with severe disease and mortality were evaluated (logistic regression). All patients were followed until discharge or death.RESULTS A total of 103 patients (59.2% female) were included. The most frequent symptoms were fever (68.9%), dyspnoea (60.2%), and cough (39.8%), and 11.7% presented confusion. Fifty-nine patients (57.3%) presented severe disease, and 59 died, with 43 patients (41.7%) presenting both of these. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (OR 0.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.13-0.73, p 0.0074) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.21-5.37, p 0.0139) were associated with severe disease, and serum sodium was associated with mortality (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.18-8.26, p 0.0222). No chronic disease or pharmacological treatment was associated with worse outcomes.CONCLUSIONS The typical presenting symptoms of respiratory infection in COVID-19 are less frequent in the oldest-old population. Male sex and LDH level are associated with severe disease, and serum sodium level is associated with mortality in this population.
Simple traits predict complex temperature responses across scales
Authors: Wieczynski Daniel , Singla Pranav , Doan Adrian , Singleton Alexandra , Han Zeyi , Yammine Andrea , Gibert Jean 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Microbial communities regulate ecosystem responses to climate change. But predicting these responses is challenging due to complex interactions among processes at multiple ecological scales. Organismal traits that determine individual performance and ecological interactions are essential for scaling up predictions of environmental responses from individuals to ecosystems. We combine experiments and mathematical models to show that key microbial traits—cell size, shape, and cell contents—independently drive shifts in demographic rates across temperatures, having cascading effects on community structure, dynamics, and ecosystem function. Moreover, intra- and interspecific trait variation play distinct, trait-specific roles in temperature responses. These species-level responses scale up to cause predictable, nonlinear shifts in microbial community composition and respiration rates, with direct implications for the effects of warming on the global carbon cycle. Mechanistically linking microbes with climate using traits will help refine predictions about complex ecosystem-climate feedbacks and the pace of climate change.
Investigation of the Transcriptomic Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Exposed to Paramoeba Perurans Using Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Talbot Anita , Gargan Laura , Moran Grainne , Prudent Louis , O'Connor Ian , Mirimin Luca , Carlsson Jens , MacCarthy Eugene 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD), caused by the protozoan extracellular parasite Paramoeba perurans, is a disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Many studies to date have investigated the pathogenesis of ADG focusing on the host immune response in the gill after the appearance of clinical symptoms. This study investigated the gill transcriptomic profile of pre-clinical AGD using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. RNA-seq libraries generated at 4, 7, 14 and 16 days post inoculation (dpi) identified 29,357 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). RNA-seq data was validated using real-time, quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of 10 selected immune genes. DEGs mapped to 224 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, 27 reference pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and 15 Reactome Gene Sets. Immune suppression was evident at 7 dpi, prior to there being any evidence of ADG on the gill, involving signalling pathways for interleukins, Nod-like receptors, B-cell and T-cell receptors, and the differentiation of Th1/Th2 and Th17 cells. The results of this study suggest a mechanism for how N. perurans circumvents the host immune response to establish a successful infection, and could potentially lead to the development of novel strategies for AGD mitigation or prevention in aquaculture.
Fecal Microbiota Changes in NZB/W F1 Mice After Induction of Lupus Disease
Authors: Chen Yen-Fu , Hsieh Ao-Ho , Wang Lian-Chin , Huang Yun-Ju , Tsai Yun-Chen , Tseng Wen-Yi , Kuo Yu-Lun , Luo Shue-Fen , Yu Kuang-Hui , Kuo Chang-Fu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota is thought to regulate immune homeostasis. The association between gut microbiota and the development of systemic lupus erythematosus remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the differential alteration of gut microbiota after the induction of lupus in a murine model with viral peptide of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which is an established murine model of induced lupus. Results: Specifically, we injected HCMVpp65 peptide in peritoneal space in NZB/W F1 mice to induce lupus. Three arms of animal treatment were prepared: intraperitoneal injection of HCMVpp65 peptide, intraperitoneal injection of adjuvant alone, and none injected. Feces of the study animals were collected before and every two weeks after the lupus induction for 16S rRNA sequencing. At 24 weeks of age, pathological investigation of renal tissue from sacrificed mice was conducted. Statistical analysis for dynamics and alteration of the fecal microbiota and lupus-like-activity-related functional prediction of bacterial communities was performed. HCMVpp65 peptide immunization induced lupus-like activities, with a higher level of anti-dsDNA antibodies, creatinine and proteinuria, and severe glomerular damage, compared to the mice treated with none or adjuvant only. A higher Simpson diversity value was measured in mice with injection of HCMVpp65 peptide than those with injection of adjuvant or none, but there have no difference in the species richness estimates, ACE and Chao1. Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP) showed a higher relative abundance of the family (Saccharimonadaceae, Marinifiaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae) and genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) that were found in HCMVpp65 peptide treated mice, compared to mice injected with adjuvant or none. The predicted metagenomic taxonomic profile showed statistically significant enrichment of flagellar assembly, bacterial motility, and chemotaxis. Conclusion: A significant correlation between increased related genera abundance (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) and HCMVpp65 peptide immunization induced lupus-like activities was observed. This study confirmed significant changes in gut microbiota after the onset of lupus in a murine animal model.
Micro-structural Investigations on Oppositely Charged Mixed Surfactant Gels With Potential Dermal Applications
Authors: Barai Manas , Manna Emili , Sultana Habiba , Mandal Manas , Guchhait Kartik , Manna Tuhin , Patra Anuttam , Chang Chien-Hsiang , Moitra Parikshit , Ghosh Chandradipa , Larsson Anna-Carin , Bhattacharya Santanu , Panda Amiya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dicarboxylic amino acid-based surfactants (N-dodecyl derivatives of -aminomalonate, -aspartate, and -glutamate) in combination with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) form a variety of aggregates. Composition and concentration dependent mixtures may exhibit liquid crystal, gel, precipitate and clear isotropic phases. Liquid crystalline patterns were identified by polarization optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. FE-SEM studies reveal porous and flower like morphology. Phase transitions and weight loss depend on composition where thermotropic behaviors were revealed through differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses, respectively. Systems comprising more than 60% HTAB demonstrate shear-thinning behavior. Gels cause insignificant toxicity to human peripheral lymphocytes and irritation to mouse skin; they do not display the symptoms of cutaneous irritation, neutrophilic invasion and inflammation (erythema, edema, and skin thinning). Gels also exhibit antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, a potent causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, suggesting its possible application as vehicle for dermatological drug delivery.
Impacts of climate change on suitability zonation for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Yaqiu , Yu Qiang , Luo Qiyou , Zhang Hua , Zhao Jinling , Ju Zhanghong , Du Yating , Yang Yadong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Global climate change is causing notable shifts in the environmental suitability of the main regions involved in potato cultivation and has, thus, changed the production potential of potatoes. These shifts can be mapped at fine scales to better understand climate change within areas of potato cultivation and to find infrastructural- and breeding-based solutions. As a case study, we have identified and mapped the structural and spatial shifts that occurred in areas suitable for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, China. We identified a discontinuity in climate change trends between 1961 and 2018 based on data for Jilin Province, and analyzed the averages and linear trends for six important climatic parameters. We used the averages of these climatic parameters to establish climate models for the province and determined cultivation using a multi-criterion, decision-based model that integrates AHP-PCA and GIS. We mapped the environmentally suitable areas for potato cultivation at a 3-km resolution based on the geo-climate model for each time period and analyzed differences between them. We found that "Most suitable” areas for potato cultivation are mainly distributed in the central area of Jilin Province, “Suitable” areas were located in the northwestern plains, and “Sub-suitable” areas in the eastern mountainous areas. In contrast, “Not suitable” areas occur mainly in the high-altitude areas in the east. The areas of “Most suitable” and “Suitable” areas for potato cultivation in Jilin Province are increasing, with increasing rates of 0.37 × 1,000 km² decade− 1 (R2 = 0.58, P < 0.01) and 0.20 × 1,000 km² (R2 = 0.28, P < 0.01), respectively, while the extent of “Sub-suitable” areas is decreasing, with a decreasing rate of 0.58 × 1,000 km² decade− 1 (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.05). The area of “Not suitable” areas has undergone little change. “Most suitable” and “Suitable” areas for potato cultivation showed a trend towards northward expansion. Overall, our results suggest that global climate change has had a positive impact on potato cultivation in Jilin Province over the past 58 years.
Vibrio vulnificus&nbsp;Hemolysin Induces TNF-α Independent ROS&nbsp;Production by Primary Murine Macrophages
Authors: Lou Yong-Liang , Xie Dan-Li , Huang Xian-Hui , Zheng Meng-Meng , Zhang Ting , Xu Jiru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes lethal infections in humans. Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (VVH) is a key virulence factor that exhibits strong hemolytic and cytolytic activities and contributes to the pathogen's invasion, vasodilatation, and septic shock. Most of the studies so far have focused on VVH's cytolytic activity against cell lines derived from host cells. However, the cytolytic activity of VVH on primary macrophages is still unclear. In addition, although it is known that VVH induces host cell apoptosis via triggering ROS production, the impact of VVH on host immune response has not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of VVH-induced TNF-α expression and ROS production in the absence of apoptosis of murine primary macrophages and related signaling pathways using FACS, DCFH-DA, real-time PCR, and western blotting. ResultsThe results showed that murine primary macrophages from different organs displayed differential sensitivities towards VVH-induced cell death. Liver Kupffer cells, splenic macrophages, and BMMfs were more sensitive to VVH-induced cytotoxicity, while alveolar macrophages, lung interstitial macrophages, and lung neutrophils were resistant to VVH-induced cell death. Besides, we found that a low dose of VVH, which did not induce apoptosis in murine primary macrophages, could induce apoptosis independent TNF-α expression and ROS generation. Such ROS production in macrophages could be further blocked by inhibiting p38-MAPKs or NFκB activation but was not affected by knockout of TNF-α. ConclusionsVVH produced cytotoxicity in macrophages, an apoptosis-independent TNF-α expression, and ROS production, which provides insight into the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between VVH-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.
Relational Topology-Based Heterogeneous Network Embedding for Predicting Drug-Target Interactions
Authors: Hu Fuyu , Ouyang Chunping , Liu Yongbin , Gao Zheng , Wan Yaping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Predicting interactions between drugs and target proteins is a key task in drug discovery. Although the method of validation via wet-lab experiments has become available, experimental methods for drug-target interactions (DTIs) identification remain either time consuming or heavily dependent on domain expertise. Therefore, various computational models have been proposed to predict possible interactions between drugs and target proteins. Usually, we construct a heterogeneous network with drugs and target proteins to calculate the relationship between them. However, most calculation methods do not consider the topological structure of the relationship between drugs and target proteins. Fortunately, Network Embedding Learning provides new and powerful graph analytical approaches for predicting drug-target interaction, which is considering both content and topology of network.Results: In this article, we propose a relational topology-based heterogeneous network embedding method to predict DITs, abbreviated as RTHNE_DTI. We use the ideas of word embeddings to turn heterogeneous network with drugs and target proteins into dense, low-dimensional real-valued vectors. Furthermore, according to two different topological structure of the relationship between the nodes, we represent them separately by training two different models. Then the meaningful vectors represented for drugs and target proteins can be used to calculate the interaction of them easily. Results show that by considering topological structure and different relationship type of drugs and target proteins, RTHNE_DTI outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on both labeled network and unlabeled network.Conclusions: This work proposes heterogeneous network representation learning for DITs prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this study first introduces relation classification to heterogeneous network embedding to improve predicting DTIs efficiently.
Food and Nutrition Literacy Status and Its Correlates in Iranian Senior High-School Students
Authors: Ashoori Marziyeh , Omidvar Nasrin , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Shakibazadeh Elham , Doustmohamadian Azam , Abdar-Esfahani Behnaz , Mazandaranian Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Planning food and nutrition literacy (FNL) promoting interventions require a better understanding of the FNL status of the target group and its correlates. Aims: This study aimed to examine the FNL status and its determinants in Iranian senior high-school students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric measures, as well as academic performance of 626 senior high-school students were assessed. Besides, FNL and its six components (food and nutrition knowledge, functional skills, interactive skills, advocacy, critical analysis of information, and food label reading skill) were evaluated by a locally designed and validated, self-administered questionnaire.Results: The mean ± SD of the total FNL score was 52.1 ± 10.96, which is below the minimum adequate level of 60. The probability of high FNL knowledge score was significantly higher among students who majored in Natural Sciences (OR = 1.73, CI = 1.09-2.75), had better school performance (OR = 1.13, CI = 1.06-1.20) and higher SES score (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.01-1.44). The probability of higher score in food label reading skill was significantly lower in girls (OR=0.45, CI=0.31-0.67). Those who had a family member with the nutrition-related disease were more likely to have a higher score of food label reading skill (OR = 1.48, CI=1.01-1.64). Conclusion: The level of FNL in senior high-school students in Tehran was relatively low. These findings have key messages for the education system and curriculum designers to have more consideration in promoting food and nutrition-related knowledge and skills in schools.
Genomic and TCR Repertoire Intratumor Heterogeneity of Small-cell Lung Cancer and its Impact on Survival
Authors: Chen Ming , Chen Runzhe , Jin Ying , Li Jun , Zhang Jiexin , Fujimoto Junya , Lee Won-Chul , Hu Xin , Hubert Shawna , Zhu Bo , Tian Yanhua , George Julie , Hu Xiao , Chen Yamei , Wu Meijuan , Behrens Carmen , Chow Chi-Wan , Pham Hoa , Fukuoka Junya , Wu Jia , Parra Edwin Roger , Gay Carl , Little Latasha , Gumbs Curtis , Song Xingzhi , Diao Lixia , Wang Qi , Cardnell Robert , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Jing , Gibbons Don , Heymach John , Lee J. Jack , William William , Glisson Bonnie , Wistuba Ignacio , Futreal Andrew , Thomas Roman , Reuben Alexandre , Byers Lauren , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is speculated to harbor complex genomic intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) associated with high recurrence rate and suboptimal response to immunotherapy. Here, using multi-region whole exome/T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC), we revealed a rather homogeneous mutational landscape but extremely cold and heterogeneous TCR repertoire in limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) tumors. Compared to localized non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), LS-SCLCs had similar predicted neoantigen burden and genomic ITH, but significantly colder and more heterogeneous TCR repertoire associated with higher chromosomal copy number aberration (CNA) burden. Higher mutational burden, higher T cell infiltration and positive PD-L1 expression were associated with longer overall survival (OS), while higher CNA burden were associated with shorter OS in patients with LS-SCLC.
Controllable Dynamics of a Dissipative Two-level System
Authors: Wei Wu , Zhang Ze-Zhou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose a strategy to modulate the decoherence dynamics of a two-level system, which interacts with a dissipative bosonic environment, by introducing an ancillary degree of freedom. It is revealed that the decay rate of the two-level system can be significantly suppressed under suitable steers of the assisted degree of freedom. Our result provides an alternative way to fight against decoherence and realize a controllable quantum dissipative dynamics.