bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Skeletal Phenotype and Associated Mechanisms With Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in theWinnieMouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis
Authors: Al Saedi Ahmed , Sharma Shilpa , Bani Hassan Ebrahim , Chen Lulu , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Hassanzadeganroudsari Majid , Gooi Jonathan H , Stavely Rhian , Eri Rajaraman , Miao Dengshun , Nurgali Kulmira , Duque Gustavo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis is a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, studies have been scarce, mainly because of the lack of an appropriate animal model of colitis-associated bone loss. In this study, we aimed to decipher skeletal manifestations in the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis, which carries a MUC2 gene mutation and closely replicates ulcerative colitis. In our study, Winnie mice, prior to the colitis onset at 6 weeks old and progression at 14 and 24 weeks old, were compared with age-matched C57BL/6 controls. We studied several possible mechanisms involved in colitis-associated bone loss.MethodsWe assessed for bone quality (eg, microcomputed tomography [micro-CT], static and dynamic histomorphometry, 3-point bending, and ex vivo bone marrow analysis) and associated mechanisms (eg, electrochemical recordings for gut-derived serotonin levels, real-time polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR], double immunofluorescence microscopy, intestinal inflammation levels by lipocalin-2 assay, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D) from Winnie (6–24 weeks) and age-matched C57BL6 mice.ResultsDeterioration in trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture, reductions in bone formation, mineral apposition rate, bone volume/total volume, osteoid volume/bone surface, and bone strength were observed in Winnie mice compared with controls. Decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast numbers were prominent in Winnie mice compared with controls. Upregulation of 5-HTR1B gene and increased association of FOXO1 with ATF4 complex were identified as associated mechanisms concomitant to overt inflammation and high levels of gut-derived serotonin in 14-week and 24-week Winnie mice.ConclusionsSkeletal phenotype of the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis closely represents manifestations of IBD-associated osteoporosis/osteopenia. The onset and progression of intestinal inflammation are associated with increased gut-derived serotonin level, increased bone resorption, and decreased bone formation.
Physiological Variation in Response to Vibrio and Hypoxia by Aquacultured Eastern Oysters in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Furr Denise , Ketchum Remi N , Phippen Britney L , Reitzel Adam M , Ivanina Anna V 
Published: August 2021

Synopsis
Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) have long been recognized as model organisms of extreme environmental tolerance, showing resilience to variation in temperature, salinity, hypoxia, and microbial pathogens. These phenotypic responses, however, show variability between geographic locations or habitats (e.g., tidal). Physiological, morphological, and genetic differences occur in populations throughout a species’ geographical range, which may have been shaped by regional abiotic and biotic variations. Few studies of C. virginica have explored the combined factors of physiological mechanisms of divergent phenotypes between locations and the genetic relationships of individuals between these locations. To characterize genetic relationships of four locations with aquacultured oysters along the North Carolina and Virginia coast, we sequenced a portion of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) that revealed significant variation in haplotype distribution between locations. We then measured mitochondrial physiology and expression of the innate immunity response of hemocytes to lab acclimation and combined stress conditions to compare basal expression and stress response in oysters between these locations. For stress sensing genes, toll-like receptors had the strongest location-specific response to hypoxia and Vibrio, whereas mannose receptor and a stress-receptor were specific to hypoxia and bacteria, respectively. The expression of stress response genes also showed location-specific and stressor-specific changes in expression, particularly for big defensin and the complement gene Cq3. Our results further suggested that genetic similarity of oysters from different locations was not clearly related to physiological and molecular responses. These results are informative for understanding the range of physiological plasticity for stress responses in this commercially important oyster species. They also have implications in the oyster farming industry as well as conservation efforts to restore endangered native oyster beds.
Trade-offs Among Resilience, Robustness, Stability, and Performance and How We Might Study Them
Authors: Inouye Brian D , Brosi Berry J , Le Sage Emily H , Lerdau Manuel T 
Published: August 2021

Synopsis
Biological systems are likely to be constrained by trade-offs among robustness, resilience, and performance. A better understanding of these trade-offs is important for basic biology, as well as applications where biological systems can be designed for different goals. We focus on redundancy and plasticity as mechanisms governing some types of trade-offs, but mention others as well. Whether trade-offs are due to resource constraints or “design” constraints (i.e., structure of nodes and links within a network) will also affect the types of trade-offs that are important. Identifying common themes across scales of biological organization will require that researchers use similar approaches to quantifying robustness, resilience, and performance, using units that can be compared across systems.
Paracetamol: unconventional uses of a well-known drug
Authors: Bloukh Sarah , Wazaify Mayyada , Matheson Catriona 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To describe and map what is known about unconventional uses of paracetamol through a scoping review of published literature by adopting adopted a PRISMA systematic approach methodology.

Key findings
Four themes for unconventional uses of paracetamol emerged: (a) use of paracetamol in sleep (a-1) positive effect of paracetamol on sleep (n = 9) or (a-2) neutral or negative effect of paracetamol on sleep (n = 9); (b) use of paracetamol in sport (n = 13); (c) mixing paracetamol with drinks, waterpipe and illicit drugs (n = 5); and (d) miscellaneous uses (n = 4). Forty records were reviewed and charted. Available literature supports concern around the potential of harmful or non-medical use of paracetamol, especially among patients with a history of substance use, parents of young children or athletes.

Summary
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most popular and widely used drugs for the treatment of pain and fever. It is considered remarkably safe if used within instructions. However, there is growing evidence that paracetamol, is sometimes used outside approved indications or abused (i.e. used for non-medical reasons). This review highlights the need for enhanced pharmacovigilance and surveillance of non-medical paracetamol use and raising general public awareness of its potential dangers especially in higher than recommended doses.
Effectiveness of rough initial scan for high-precision automatic 3D scanning
Authors: Seo Ji Hyun , Lee Inhwan Dennis , Yoo Byounghyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Herein, we present an efficient method for the high-precision automatic 3D scanning of unknown objects for mechanical parts. Our method comprises two phases, namely a rough initial scan and a precision scan. The goal of the rough initial scan is to scan the rough shape rapidly and to provide scan data for the precision scan, thereby reducing the duration of the entire process. Researchers have attempted to provide rough information regarding an object before precision scanning, e.g. by building a rough three-dimensional (3D) model using 2D images or capturing the shape in advance using a low-accuracy scanner with a larger view frustum. However, our two-phase scanning method uses a single type of high-precision scanner for scanning the rough shape and also for the precision scan, which comes afterwards. In the rough initial scan phase, the next scanning view is determined based on the scan data captured by the latest view, eventually forming helical shape movement. In this study, we apply the two-phase scan method to 18 types of models in a virtual 3D scanning environment. For diverse configurations, the model size is adjusted from small to large relative to the virtual scanner’s view frustum, and the number of next best views calculated per iteration during the precision scan phase is adjusted. We demonstrate that the rough initial scan provides a certain amount of scan data rapidly regardless of the model size and shape. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the two scan methods complement each other, thereby reducing the overall process time and workload.
DASC-21: a novel geriatric assessment for discriminating best supportive care in older patients with inoperable advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Sazuka Manami , Ishibashi Masayuki , Nogimori Chiemi , Takada Kazufumi , Hamaya Hironobu , Yamada Hirokazu , Awata Shuichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated whether the Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System is useful for decision-making or problem detection in the treatment and care of older patients with inoperable advanced non-small cell lung cancer compared with the current standard model using performance status.

Methods
This study retrospectively examined 1595 cases admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine at the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital between 26 July 2016 and 28 January 2020. Among these, 29 and 31 patients who received pharmacotherapies and best supportive care were extracted, respectively. The performance in identifying best supportive care using the Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System was evaluated in comparison with performance status. The ability to detect impairments in each Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System domain was also assessed.

Results
The Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System total score had an area under the curve of 0.831 (95% confidence interval, 0.694–0.914), which was statistically equivalent to performance status. The discriminatory cut-off value for identification of best supportive care was set at 29 with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.742 and 0.897, respectively. Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System total score showed good concordance with performance status especially when reported by family members or caregivers. Deficits other than activities of daily living were recognized (2.8–19.4%) in patients with good performance status. Impairments were more frequently detected when reported by family members or caregivers.

Conclusions
The Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System discriminates the best supportive care for older patients with inoperable advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, it can identify vulnerabilities especially when reported by family members or caregivers that cannot be detected by performance status.
Quantification of the temperature equilibrium time of the cavity in parallel-plate-type ionization chambers by thermal analysis
Authors: Fuse Hiraku , Hirota Soma , Fujisaki Tatsuya , Abe Shinji , Yasue Kenji , Hanada Koichi , Tomita Fumihiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Temperature corrections are necessary to account for the varying mass of air in the cavity volume of a vented ionization chamber. The temporal response resulting from temperature changes in a cylindrical and/or Farmer-type ionization chamber, which is the standard dosimeter, has been thoroughly discussed by some researchers. The purpose of this study was to characterise and analyse the dependence of the cavity air temperature of the parallel-plate-type ionization chamber on changes in the ambient temperature. Ionization chambers NACP-02 (IBA Dosimetry, GmbH) and Advanced Markus TN34045 (PTW, Freiburg) were modelled using thermal analysis software to present the temperature equilibrium time and the entire ionization chamber temperature distribution. The temporal response of each ionization chamber was measured for comparing the calculation results of the thermal analysis. The ionization chamber cavities of NACP-02 and TN34045 reached complete equilibrium in 670 and 750 s, respectively. Heat transfer occurred faster at the centre of the front wall of TN34045 than at the outside of the centre except for the edges. Further, the non-uniformity of temperature in the cavity was in the range of 24.2–24.8°C for NACP-02 and 23.7–24.4°C for TN34045 at 200 s after the ionization chamber was installed in the water phantom. The previous proposal to wait for about 15 mins after submerging the chamber in a water phantom before the measurement is demonstrated to be appropriate for parallel-plate-type ionization chambers.
Adherence to a Balanced Approach to Massive Transfusion in Combat Casualties
Authors: April Michael D , Fisher Andrew D , Hill Ronnie , Rizzo Julie A , Mdaki Kennedy , Bynum James , Schauer Steven G 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundHemorrhage is the most common cause of potentially preventable death on the battlefield. Balanced resuscitation with plasma, platelets, and packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in a 1:1:1 ratio, if whole blood (WB) is not available, is associated with optimal outcomes among patients with hemorrhage. We describe the use of balanced resuscitation among combat casualties undergoing massive transfusion.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DODTR) spanning encounters from January 1, 2007, to March 17, 2020. We included all casualties who received at least 10 units of either PRBCs or WB. We categorized casualties as recipients of plasma-balanced resuscitation if the ratio of plasma to PRBC units was 0.8 or greater; similarly, we defined platelet-balanced resuscitation as a ratio of platelets to PRBC units of 0.8 or greater. We portrayed these populations using descriptive statistics and compared characteristics between non-balanced and balanced resuscitation recipients for both plasma and platelets.ResultsWe identified 28,950 encounters in the DODTR with documentation of prehospital activity. Massive transfusions occurred for 2,414 (8.3%) casualties, among whom 1,593 (66.0%) received a plasma-balanced resuscitation and 1,248 (51.7%) received a platelet-balanced resuscitation. During the study period, 962 (39.8%) of these patients received a fully balanced resuscitation with regard to both the plasma:PRBC and platelet:PRBC ratios. The remaining casualties did not undergo a balanced resuscitation.ConclusionsWhile a majority of massive transfusion recipients received a plasma-balanced and/or platelet-balanced resuscitation, fewer patients received a platelet-balanced resuscitation. These findings suggest that more emphasis in training and supply may be necessary to optimize blood product resuscitation ratios.
GALExtin: an alternative online tool to determine the interstellar extinction in the Milky Way
Authors: Amôres Eduardo B , Jesus Ricardo M , Moitinho André , Arsenijevic Vladan , Levenhagen Ronaldo S , Marshall Douglas J , Kerber Leandro O , Künzel Roseli , Moura Rodrigo A 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Estimates of interstellar extinction are essential in a broad range of astronomical research. In the last decades, several maps and models of the large-scale interstellar extinction in the Galaxy have been published. However, these maps and models have been developed in different programming languages, with different user interfaces and input/output formats, which makes using and comparing results from these maps and models difficult. To address this issue, we have developed a tool called GALExtin (http://www.galextin.org), which estimates interstellar extinction based on both available 3D models/maps and 2D maps. The user only needs to provide a list with coordinates (and distance) and to choose a model/map. GALExtin will then provide an output list with extinction estimates. It can be implemented in any other portal or model that requires interstellar extinction estimates. Here, a general overview of GALExtin is presented, along with its capabilities, validation, performance and some results.
shaping the gas: understanding gas shapes in dark matter haloes with interpretable machine learning
Authors: Machado Poletti Valle Luis Fernando , Avestruz Camille , Barnes David J , Farahi Arya , Lau Erwin T , Nagai Daisuke 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The non-spherical shapes of dark matter and gas distributions introduce systematic uncertainties that affect observable–mass relations and selection functions of galaxy groups and clusters. However, the triaxial gas distributions depend on the non-linear physical processes of halo formation histories and baryonic physics, which are challenging to model accurately. In this study, we explore a machine learning approach for modelling the dependence of gas shapes on dark matter and baryonic properties. With data from the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, we develop a machine learning pipeline that applies XGBoost, an implementation of gradient-boosted decision trees, to predict radial profiles of gas shapes from halo properties. We show that XGBoost models can accurately predict gas shape profiles in dark matter haloes. We also explore model interpretability with the SHapley Additive exPlanations (shap), a method that identifies the most predictive properties at different halo radii. We find that baryonic properties best predict gas shapes in halo cores, whereas dark matter shapes are the main predictors in the halo outskirts. This work demonstrates the power of interpretable machine learning in modelling observable properties of dark matter haloes in the era of multiwavelength cosmological surveys.
Extinct crane-like birds (Eogruidae and Ergilornithidae) from the Cenozoic of Central Asia are indeed ostrich precursors
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Zelenkov Nikita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe new fossils from the late Eocene of Mongolia, which show that the crane-like Eogruidae and Ergilornithidae are stem group representatives of the Struthioniformes (ostriches). Currently, both taxa are unanimously assigned to the neognathous Gruiformes (cranes and allies). However, ergilornithids show a progressive reduction of the second toe, and a few earlier authors likened these birds to ostriches, which are the only extant birds with just 2 toes. So far, eogruids and ergilornithids were mainly known from hindlimb bones from the Cenozoic of Asia, and here we provide important new data on the skeletal anatomy of these birds. A partial skull exhibits characteristic features of palaeognathous birds, and ostriches in particular. In its distinctive shape, it furthermore closely resembles the skull of the Eocene palaeognathous Palaeotididae, which are here also considered to be stem group representatives of the Struthioniformes. A femur from the late Eocene of Mongolia likewise corresponds to that of ostriches in derived traits, whereas cervical vertebrae exhibit features of neognathous birds. The fossils suggest that true ostriches (crown group Struthionidae) originated in Asia, and the Neognathae-like morphology of some bones opens a new perspective on the evolution of skeletal characteristics of palaeognathous birds.
Interventions for Depressive Symptoms in People Living with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Cheng Darren K , Lai Ka Sing Paris , Pico-Espinosa Oscar Javier , Rice Danielle B , Chung Chadwick , Modarresi Golale , Sud Abhimanyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This review investigated the effectiveness of clinical interventions on depressive symptoms in people with all types of chronic pain.

Methods
We searched seven electronic databases and reference lists on September 15, 2020, and included English-language, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of trials that examined the effects of clinical interventions on depressive outcomes in chronic pain. Two independent reviewers screened, extracted, and assessed the risk of bias. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019131871.

Results
Eighty-three reviews were selected and included 182 meta-analyses. Data were summarized visually and narratively using standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals as the primary outcome of interest. A large proportion of meta-analyses investigated fibromyalgia or mixed chronic pain, and psychological interventions were most commonly evaluated. Acceptance and commitment therapy for general chronic pain, and fluoxetine and web-based psychotherapy for fibromyalgia showed the most robust effects and can be prioritized for implementation in clinical practice. Exercise for arthritis, pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain, self-regulatory psychotherapy for axial pain, and music therapy for general chronic pain showed large, significant effects, but estimates were derived from low- or critically low-quality reviews.

Conclusions
No single intervention type demonstrated substantial superiority across multiple pain populations. Other dimensions beyond efficacy, such as accessibility, safety, cost, patient preference, and efficacy for non-depressive outcomes should also be weighed when considering treatment options. Further effectiveness research is required for common pain types such as arthritis and axial pain, and common interventions such as opioids, anti-inflammatories and acupuncture.
Monetary Policy Risk: Rules versus Discretion
Authors: Backus David K , Chernov Mikhail , Zin Stanley E , Zviadadze Irina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong-run asset pricing restrictions in a macro term structure model identify discretionary monetary policy separately from a policy rule. We find that policy discretion is an important contributor to aggregate risk. In addition, discretionary easing coincides with good news about the macroeconomy in the form of lower inflation, higher output growth, and lower risk premiums on short-term nominal bonds. However, it also coincides with bad news about long-term financial conditions in the form of higher risk premiums on long-term nominal bonds. Shocks to the rule correlate with changes in the yield curve’s level. Shocks to discretion correlate with changes in its slope.