bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance of 22.1 ± 1.2 Mpc to the Dark Matter Deficient Galaxy NGC 1052–DF2 from 40 Orbits of Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
Authors: Shen Zili , Danieli Shany , van Dokkum Pieter , Abraham Roberto , Brodie Jean P. , Conroy Charlie , Dolphin Andrew E. , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Diederik Kruijssen J. M. , Dutta Chowdhury Dhruba 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The large and diffuse galaxies NGC 1052–DF2 and NGC 1052–DF4 have been found to have very low dark matter content and a population of luminous globular clusters (GCs). Accurate distance measurements are key to interpreting these observations. Recently, the distance to NGC 1052–DF4 was found to be 20.0 ± 1.6 Mpc by identifying the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) in 12 orbits of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging. Here we present 40 orbits of HST ACS data for NGC 1052–DF2 and use these data to measure its TRGB. The TRGB is readily apparent in the color–magnitude diagram. Using a forward model that incorporates photometric uncertainties, we find a TRGB magnitude of m
F814W,TRGB = 27.67 ± 0.10 mag. The inferred distance is D
TRGB = 22.1 ± 1.2 Mpc, consistent with the previous surface brightness fluctuation distances to the bright elliptical galaxy NGC 1052. The new HST distance rules out the idea that some of NGC 1052–DF2's unusual properties can be explained if it were at ∼13 Mpc; instead, it implies that the galaxy’s GCs are even more luminous than had been derived using the previous distance of 20 Mpc. The distance from NGC 1052–DF2 to NGC 1052–DF4 is well-determined at 2.1 ± 0.5 Mpc, significantly larger than the virial diameter of NGC 1052. We discuss the implications for formation scenarios of the galaxies and for the external field effect, which has been invoked to explain the intrinsic dynamics of these objects in the context of modified Newtonian dynamics.
CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION OF MICROSATELLITES AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLYPLOID HYBRIDS BY ALLELE DOSAGE EFFECTS IN COBITIS HANKUGENSIS AND IKSOOKIMIA LONGICORPA HYBRID COMPLEX
Authors: YUN Seung-Woon , PARK Jong-Young , Janko Karel 
Published: June 2021

Background. During the course of evolution, numerous taxa abandoned canonical sex and reproduced asexually. Examination of the Cobitis hankugensis - Iksookimia longicorpa asexual complex already revealed important evolutionary discoveries tackling phenomena like interspecific hybridization, non-Mendelian inheritance, polyploidy and asexuality. Yet, as in other similar cases, the investigation is hampered by the lack of easily accessible molecular tools for efficient differentiation among genomotypes.
Material and methods. Here, we tested the cross-species amplification of 23 microsatellite markers derived from distantly related species and investigated the extent to which such markers can facilitate the genome identification in non-model hybrid complex.
Results. We found that 21 out of 23 microsatellite markers amplified in all genomotypes. Five of them could be used for easy diagnosticity of parental species and their hybrids due to species-specific amplification profiles. We also noted that three markers, i.e. IC654 and IC783 derived from Cobitis choii and Iko_TTA01 from Iksookimia koreensis, had dosage-sensitive amplification efficiencies of species-specific alleles. This could be further used for reliable differentiation of genome composition in polyploids.
Conclusions. The present study introduces a noninvasive method applicable for diagnosis of ploidy and genome composition of hybrids, which are not clearly distinguished morphologically. We showed that very detailed information may be obtained even from markers developed in distantly related taxa.
IL-7 and IL-15 Levels Reflect the Degree of T Cell Depletion during Lymphopenia and Are Associated with an Expansion of Effector Memory T Cells after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kielsen Katrine , Oostenbrink Lisa V. E. , von Asmuth Erik G. J. , Jansen-Hoogendijk Anja M. , van Ostaijen-ten Dam Monique M. , Ifversen Marianne , Heilmann Carsten , Schilham Marco W. , van Halteren Astrid G. S. , Bredius Robbert G. M. , Lankester Arjan C. , Jol-van der Zijde Cornelia M. , van Tol Maarten J. D. , Müller Klaus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Differentially and functionally distinct T cell subsets are involved in the development of complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but little is known about factors regulating their recovery after HSCT. In this study, we investigated associations between immune-regulating cytokines, T cell differentiation, and clinical outcomes. We included 80 children undergoing allogeneic HSCT for acute leukemia using bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells grafted from a matched sibling or unrelated donor. Cytokines (IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, SCF, IL-6, IL-2, and TNF-α) and active anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) levels were longitudinally measured along with extended T cell phenotyping. The cytokine profiles showed a temporary rise in IL-7 and IL-15 during lymphopenia, which was strongly dependent on exposure to active ATG. High levels of IL-7 and IL-15 from graft infusion to day +30 were predictive of slower T cell recovery during the first 2 mo post-HSCT; however, because of a major expansion of memory T cell stages, only naive T cells remained decreased after 3 mo (p &lt; 0.05). No differential effect was seen on polarization of CD4+ T cells into Th1, Th2, or Th17 cells or regulatory T cells. Low levels of IL-7 and IL-15 at day +14 were associated with acute graft-versus-host disease grades II–IV in ATG-treated patients (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Children with IL-7 levels comparable to healthy controls at day +14 post-HSCT were less likely to develop EBV reactivation posttransplant. These findings suggest that quantification of IL-7 and IL-15 may be useful as biomarkers in assessing the overall T cell depletion and suggest a potential for predicting complications after HSCT.
Mouse IL-2/CD25 Fusion Protein Induces Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Immune Suppression in Preclinical Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Xie Jenny H , Zhang Yifan , Loubeau Martine , Mangan Paul , Heimrich Elizabeth , Tovar Christian , Zhou Xiadi , Madia Priyanka , Doyle Michael , Dudhgaonkar Shailesh , Rudra Anjuman , Subramani Siva , Young James , Salter-Cid Luisa , Malek Thomas R , Struthers Mary 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an IL-2–deficient state, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) showing diminished immune regulatory capacity. A low dose of IL-2 has shown encouraging clinical benefits in SLE patients; however, its clinical utility is limited because of the requirement of daily injections and the observation of increase in proinflammatory cytokines and in non-Tregs. We recently showed that a fusion protein of mouse IL-2 and mouse IL-2Rα (CD25), joined by a noncleavable linker, was effective in treating diabetes in NOD mice by selectively inducing Treg expansion. In this report, we show that mouse IL-2 (mIL-2)/CD25 at doses up to 0.5 mg/kg twice a week induced a robust Treg expansion without showing signs of increase in the numbers of NK, CD4+Foxp3−, or CD8+ T cells or significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines. In both NZB × NZW and MRL/lpr mice, mIL-2/CD25 at 0.2–0.4 mg/kg twice a week demonstrated efficacy in inducing Treg expansion, CD25 upregulation, and inhibiting lupus nephritis based on the levels of proteinuria, autoantibody titers, and kidney histology scores. mIL-2/CD25 was effective even when treatment was initiated at the time when NZB × NZW mice already showed signs of advanced disease. Furthermore, we show coadministration of prednisolone, which SLE patients commonly take, did not interfere with the ability of mIL-2/CD25 to expand Tregs. The prednisolone and mIL-2/CD25 combination treatment results in improvements in most of the efficacy readouts relative to either monotherapy alone. Taken together, our results support further evaluation of IL-2/CD25 in the clinic for treating immune-mediated diseases such as SLE.
Analisis Biaya Pengobatan Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner Dengan Penyakit Penyerta Di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Dwi Wahyu Nugroho Ikhwan , Pingky Sukmawati Lilian , Yana Utami Tri Fitri 
Published: June 2021

Adanya keterkaitan Penyakit Jantung Koroner(PJK) dengan faktor resiko dan penyakit penyerta menyebabkan kompleksnya terapi yang diberikan sehingga membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan obat, profil biaya pengobatan dan hubungan biaya pengobatan dengan jumlah penggunaan obat kardiovaskular pada pasien PJK di instalasi rawat jalan RS X periode bulan Januari – Desember 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode cross sectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif terhadap 55 data rekam medik pasien PJK rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan esklusi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik pasien PJK menunjukkan jumlah pasien laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan yaitu sebesar 51 pasien (92,7%) dan jumlah pasien terbanyak pada kelompok usia 56 – 65 tahun sebesar 35 pasien (63,6%). Penyakit hipertensi merupakan penyakit penyerta terbanyak yang ditemukan pada 28 pasien (51,0%) dan 6 – 10 jenis obat diresepkan pada 24 pasien (43,6%). Total biaya terapi penggunaan obat kardiovaskular pada seluruh pasien penyakit jantung koroner dengan penyakit penyerta selama menjalani rawat jalan di RS X sebesar Rp 35.367.890 dengan penggunaan obat paling banyak pengeluarannya yaitu clopidogrel sebesar Rp 8.567.307 dan obat paling sedikit yang digunakan adalah captopril sebesar Rp 224. Adanya hubungan yang kuat antara biaya pengobatan yang dikeluarkan dengan jumlah penggunaan obat kardiovaskular.
Evaluation of Safety Climate and its associated factors in Base Hospital Avissawella
Authors: Jayalath Munasinghage Priyanwada , Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda , Dharmagunawardene Dilantha 
Published: June 2021

The safety climate is “the summary of molar perceptions that employees share about their work environments” and associated with several factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among a randomly selected sample of medical officers (n= 109) and nursing officers (n=193) to evaluate the safety climate and its associated factors in Base Hospital Avissawella Sri Lanka. Among the six safety climate dimensions personal protective and engineering control equipment availability (mean=3.94, SD=0.67) was perceived at the highest level. The lowest scored perceptual dimension was absence of job hindrances (mean=3.27, SD=0.83). Among the respondents 219 (83.5%) had at least one exposure incident. There is no significant relationship between job category and workplace exposure incidents (p= 0.388). Only 28.3% (n=62) had reported about their injuries. Only 60.7% (n=159) were strictly compliant to safe work practices and the compliance of nursing officers was better than of medical officers (p=0.000). The safety climate had a negative association with workplace exposure incidents (OR< 1.0) and a positive association with compliance to safe work practices. (OR>1.0). The respondents had negative perceptions about some of the safety climate dimensions. Workplace exposure incidents were common and the reporting behavior about injuries was poor among both categories of staff, but comparatively the nursing officers were better. Majority were “Strict compliant” to the safe work practices and compliance was better among nursing officers. Safety climate was negatively associated with exposure incidents and positively with the compliance. The hospital managers should pay more attention on safety of employees, provide adequate training opportunities on occupational safety and encourage employees’ reporting behavior.
Endülüslü el-A’mâ et-Tutaylî ve Şiirleri
Authors: SARP Ebuzer 
Published: June 2021

Murâbıtlar döneminin en önemli şairlerinden olan et-Tutaylî, medih, mersiye, tabiat, gazel ve şarap tasviri gibi birçok konuda şiirler nazmetmiştir. Şiirlerinde, amâ olmasının etkisiyle tasvir ve hayal dünyası açısından eksiklikler olduğu görülen şairin, kültürel olarak ileri bir seviyede olduğu ifade edilebilir. Şair, klasik kaside formundaki şiirlerinin yanı sıra birçok müveşşah da nazmetmiştir. Endülüs menşeli ve klasik kaside formundan farklı bir tür olan müveşşah alanındaki en önemli birkaç şairden birisi et-Tutaylî’dir. Dîvanında birçok müveşşahı yer alan şairin bu şiirleri de incelenecek olup müveşşahlar ve kasideleri arasındaki farklılıklara da yer yer değinilecektir. Müveşşah şiirlerinin temel anlamda eğlence eksenli nazmedilmiş olmaları muhtevasının da farklılaşmasına neden olmuştur.
Bu çalışmada, klasik ve modern kaynaklarda yer aldığı kadarıyla şairin biyografisi verilecek ve onun şiirleri üzerinden hayata bakışı, yaşadığı olaylar, dönemi, karakteri ve edebî eğilimi tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu sebeple, dîvânındaki neredeyse bütün şiirler gözden geçirilmiştir. “Endülüs’ün Maarrî”si olarak nitelendirilen ve özellikle Türkiye’de hakkında yeterince çalışma yapılmayan ve tanınmayan bu şairin, Endülüs şiir geleneğindeki yeri tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Revizyonist Tarihçi Patricia Crone’un Mevâlî Anlayışı
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Öznur , YILMAZ Saim 
Published: June 2021

Batı’da revizyonist oryantalistler arasında sayılan Patricia Crone (1945-2015) erken dönem İslâm tarihinin farklı konularına ilişkin kitap ve makale türünde pek çok eser vermiş velûd bir araştırmacıdır. Emevî ve Abbâsî top-lumunda mevâlînin yeri ve rolü ise akademik hayatının başlangıç yıllarından itibaren ilgilendiği özel konulardan biri olmuştur. Revizyonist bakış açısı ile kaleme almış olduğu çalışmalarda Müslüman müelliflerin yazmış olduğu kaynaklara önyargılı bakışı, uyguladığı yöntem ve ulaştığı sonuçlar başta batılı bilim adamları olmak üzere ilim dünyasından ciddi eleştirilere sebep olmuştur. Bununla birlikte Crone’un mevâlî konusunda yaptığı çalışmaların İslâm araştırmaları sahasında Doğulu ve Batılı araştırmacılar üzerinde olumlu ya da olumsuz bir etki meydana getirdiği açıktır.
Bu makalenin öncelikli hedefi, Crone’un İslâm toplumundaki mevâlî hakkındaki görüşlerini ana hatlarıyla ve mümkün olduğu kadar yorumsuz bir şekilde ortaya koymaktır. Üç bölümden oluşan bu çalışmada, öncelikle Crone’un öncelikle Crone’un revizyonist bakış açısı ve mevâlî hakkındaki eserleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci kısımda mevâlî kavramı ve kökeni hakkında ileri sürdüğü farklı görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Son olarak üçüncü kısımda Hulefâ-yi Râşidîn (11-41/632-661), Emevîler (41-132/661-750) ve Abbâsîler (132-656/750-1258) dönemlerindeki mevâlînin sosyal, siyasî, askerî ve iktisadî hayattaki konumu ile ilgili tespitlerine yer verilmiştir. Crone’un mevâlî hakkındaki görüşlerini ele alan bu çalışmanın amacı, konuyla ilgili daha ileri çalışmalara vesile olmaktır.
The Experience of Conflict Management of Public Secondary School Administrators: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Imperial Joebel G. , Madrigal Dennis V. 
Published: June 2021

The school administrators' skill in managing conflict and resolution is vital towards creating a peaceful and productive working environment. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the lived experiences of public secondary school administrators on conflict management. Using a purposive sampling technique, three school administrators participated in an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using the recursive textual analysis aided by the framework of Lichtman. The study's findings show that school administrators primarily consider the source of conflict to understand the appropriate approach to apply. By classification, the conflict between teachers usually rooted in jealousy, faction, personal grudges, and pride. In contrast, conflicts between teachers and administrators would usually involve the performance of duties. Moreover, they believe that there is no single approach to be followed in the implementation of conflict resolution strategies since it depends on the situation and the parties involved. The findings suggest that each person is dynamic, and the beauty of dynamism of people enables them to understand and resolve conflicts in the end.
An Exploration of the Perceived Application Preparedness of Undergraduate Students Applying for Professional School
Authors: Prentice Ashley M. , Farmer Aarek W. , Gean Wendy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research study investigated the perceived application preparedness of undergraduate students preparing to apply for professional school. Perceptions of preparedness were measured before and after attending a seminar series focusing on the Centralized Application Service (CAS) portal, writing a personal statement, identifying personal strengths and weaknesses, and interview skills. Data was collected from pre-and post-surveys from undergraduate students enrolled at a small, private liberal arts university in West Tennessee. Electronic surveys were distributed to undergraduate students in a pre-health arts professional program hosted by the university before and after attending the seminar series. Data from 44 students were analyzed to determine if there was a significant impact on perceived level of preparedness before and after attending the seminar series. The data revealed that students had higher perceived application preparedness after receiving formal instruction compared to having no instruction regarding the graduate application process.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM JAMINAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT BANYUWANGI (JPKMB) DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PRIMER BAGI SELURUH LAPISAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Mitra Bayu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKDi era pemerintahan otonomi seperti saat ini, pemerintah daerah harus lebih kreatif dalam menciptakan terobosan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik. Sejumlah permasalahan masih dihadapi oleh masyarakat salah satunya pemenhan pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas. Pelayanan kesehatan yang dimaksud disini adalah program JPKMB di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan program JPKMB dalam mewujudkan pelayanan kesehatan bagi semua tingkat masyarakat dan bagaimana pencapaian program tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program JPKMB menghasilkan prestasi yang memuaskan, termasuk peningkatan jumlah kunjungan tingkat ke pusat-pusat kesehatan masyarakat, cakupan imunisasi, cakupan kunjungan ibu, bersalin ditangani oleh cakupan tenaga kesehatan, dan cakupan gizi. Kata kunci : Implementasi, Pelayanan Kesehatan Utama, Program JPKMB.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PADA KANTOR KECAMATAN KELAPA GADING DI JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: I Wayan Ray Raymundus 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris tentang pengaruh disiplin kerja dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja PNS di Kantor Kecamatan Kelapa gading, Jakarta Utara. Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah kinerja PNS, sedangkan variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah disiplin kerja dan budaya organisasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran kuissioner. Jumlah kuissioner yang dibagikan kepada 40 responden, yang merupakan PNS dari Kecamatan Kantor Kelapa Gading Jakarta Utara. Sebuah analisis parsial dari hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa disiplin pengaruh pekerjaan terhadap kinerja PNS begitu pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja urusan petugas sipil. Sedangkan hasil analisis secara simultan diperoleh bahwa semua tes berngaruh signifikan antara disiplin kerja dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja PNS. Kata kunci: Disiplin Kerja, Budaya Organisasi dan Kinerja Karyawan
BUREAUCRATIC REFORM IN JAKARTA: JOKOWI LEADERSHIP STYLE
Authors: Indrawan Jerry 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Jakarta is still facing many problems regarding bureaucratic system. It positions as the state capital does not guarantee that bureaucratic reform has already establish in perfect manner. At least there are three problems that need to be reformed. First, corruption in three fields: administrative services, practices of construction projects, and law enforcement. Second, institutional inefficiency. The local government bureaucratic structure is too fat, because of too many departments and sections exist, and resulting in the amount of local budget use to cover it. Third, corruptive mentality from most of the civil servants, resulting in deficient public services. Joko Widodo, better known as Jokowi is a new Governor of Jakarta. Before, he was a Mayor in Solo, Central Java for seven years. He brought bureaucratic reform to that city, that leads him in winning various national, even international achievements, such as the World Third Best Mayor from The City Mayor Foundation. Jokowi success is mostly because of his leadership ability. His leadership style is also different than others. There is no gap between him and his people. There is no strict protocol either that restrain him in meeting his people anytime he likes. He ignored bureaucratic formality, because such will dissociate him with his people. One of his well known method is “blusukan”, which means “entering a place where nobody wants to” in Javanese. He applied “blusukan” as a way in knowing what people wants by visiting them, even to a slum area where no public officials even care to think. In doing this, he can see the real problem in the society and starts to reform the government based in his field observation. He minimized the long arm of bureaucracy, in terms of efficiency and knowing what’s best for his people. He even said that he will only spend one hour every day in the office, and the rest (include saturday and sunday) will be spent in the field. He thinks that the only way we know the problem lies on this city is experience it, and the experience will not be experienced by staying in the office. He has to be with his people, so that he can find a solution for them. This paper will see Jokowi leadership style in leading Jakarta and the influence it makes to reform Jakarta’s local government bureaucratic system. Does Jokowi leadership style will be the perfect answer to the city real problems nowadays? Conducted research methodology was qualitative, through library research. The primary data will be collected from interviews with related informants. The informants will be purposively determined to sharpen the information gathered. Last, the secondary data will be aquired from books, journals, internet, newspapers, etc. Keywords: Bureaucratic Reform, Leadership Style, “Blusukan”