bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Externally‐Applied Talc Containing Baby Powder Particles Can Enter the Female Reproductive Tract, Become Lodged In Pelvic Tissues, and Be Found In Ovarian Cancer Resections
Authors: Johnson Kurt E. , Popratiloff Anastas , Godleski John J 
Published: June 2021

We used differential interference contrast (DIC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM/EDS) to study both control talc‐containing baby powder (TCBP), a magnesium silicate, as well as specimens obtained from TCBP‐exposed human patients with ovarian cancer. Control TCBP specimens consist of a mixture of large and small birefringent particles (1–65 μm diameter), most of which are approximately isodiametric with aspect ratios averaging 1.3, but a substantial fraction of particles are elongated, with aspect ratios averaging 11 (Figures 1 and 2, note scale bar in Figure 1 applies as well to Figure 2). Detailed analysis of 200 randomly chosen particles from TCBP reveal three main classes: the most common class, (small aspect ratio and small area); and, two other uncommon classes; one with a small aspect ratio and large area; and, the other with a small area but large aspect ratio (Table 1).In the SEM/EDS, both isodiametric and elongated particles show oxygen, magnesium, and silicon signals of talc (Figures 3 and 4). In biopsies from TCBP‐exposed patients with ovarian cancer, a subset of particles in malignant tissues studied with PLM revealed birefringent particles, commonly associated with macrophages (Figure 5). When paraffin‐embedded blocks of these tissues were examined with SEM/EDS, some particles gave nontalc signals, but some gave signals with peaks for oxygen, magnesium, and silicon in ratios indicative of talc (Figures 6 and 7). These results show that particles of TCBP, when applied externally, can make their way through the female reproductive tract and become embedded in malignant ovarian tissue. In addition, we found that most of the talc particles in malignant ovarian tissue were small, with diameters in the 4 μm range, interestingly, the most frequent class of particles in control TCBP.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The World of the Vascular Surgeon: Knowledge of Anatomical Landmarks for Successful Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Sajan Abin , Torre Barrett , DiRaimo Robert , Caceres Noel , Marquez Samuel 
Published: June 2021

To prevent strokes in at‐risk patients, the vascular surgeon may choose from a variety of procedures to counter the accumulation of atheromatous plaque in the carotid arteries: open surgery in the neck with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid stenting with less invasive endovascular techniques, and the more recently developed trans‐carotid artery revascularization (TCAR). The height of the carotid bifurcation (HCB) is an important landmark for the surgeon because it aids in determining the specific surgical approach used, while seeking to minimize the risk to cranial nerves and other vital structures. The HCB is classically defined in relation to the cervical vertebral levels, hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and the angle of the mandible. Substantial variability exists across population groups generating extensive research to identify the precise vertebral levels linked to HCB with respect to ethnic and gender differences with a focus on left/right asymmetries. Although well reported, the relationship between cervical vertebral levels and the HCB is of little use during operative procedures because the patient's cervical spine is not readily accessible in the surgical field. Thus, we attempt to elucidate the HCB using anatomical landmarks available while operating. Anatomical dissections were performed on the right and left sides of the neck in five cadavers and morphometric measures of surgical landmarks were obtained. The following ratios were calculated: medial border of the clavicle (MBC) to HCB/MBC to mastoid process (MP), MBC to superior thyroid artery (STA) origin/MBC to MP, and MBC to facial vein (FV) origin/MBC to MP. In addition to the first reported measurements of the HCB from these accessible landmarks, the study found there are statistical significant differences between the right and left sides of the neck among and between individuals. The MBC to bifurcation, MBC to STA origin, and the MBC to FV origin ratio was greater on the left side with 0.74 vs 0.64 (p= .008), 0.70 vs 0.64 (p= .02), and 0.69 vs 0.61 (p=.004), respectively. Our preliminary study addresses the lack of surgically relevant anatomical measures surrounding the carotid region and takes a step toward establishing useful anatomical ratios that may contribute to successful surgical outcomes.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Weight losing on gastric restriction in an animal model
Authors: Akamatsu Flávia Emi , Itezerote Ana Maria , Saleh Samir , Hojaij Flávio , Andrade Mauro , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundObesity and its related comorbidities have detrimental effects for the affected individual and pose a major challenge on public health systems worldwide. The number of non‐surgical options to treat obesity are limited and the long‐term success of dietary or life style interventions is minimal Bariatric surgery leads to a long‐term reduction in body weight and in obesity‐related morbidity and is currently the only treatment modality with a proven mortality benefit. In this regard, research with animal models has significantly helped to elucidate some of the potential mechanisms underlying bariatric surgery. There is no information about gastric restriction with phytobezoar in animal model and the weight loss.PurposeMeasure the weight loss until 10 days after surgical gastrostomy and compare to sham and normal groupMethodsExperimental model of gastric restriction was devised using rats. The animals were submitted to surgical gastrostomy and a cylindrical loofah is inserted into the stomach. We studied 30 adult male Wistar rats divided in three groups: the stomach reduction group (R10), the sham group (S10), which underwent the same procedure except for the loofah insertion and the control group (C10). Animals were fed and kept in separate cages. They were weighed every other day until being sacrificed on day 10. The results will always be described by the mean value with respective standard deviation. Comparison of multiple groups was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. All tests were applied with 5% significance level.ResultsThe weight decreased significantly 9% in the first three days and then increases 6.2% until the weighing of third day and keep until the tenth.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of Visfatin on Metabolic Profiles of an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Adeghate Ernest , AlShamsi Thuraya , Amin Amr , Hameed Rashed 
Published: June 2021

Novel adipocytokines including visfatin present differentially in obese patients and are suggested to influence the development of type 2 diabetes in the background of obesity by modifying how insulin performs its function. Visfatin, in contrast to adiponectin was considered a harmful adipocytokine. This study examines the effect of visfatin administration on body weight, blood glucose, glucose tolerance and islet morphology in Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Visfatin (4 ng/Kg body weight) was given intraperitoneally to adult GK rats for 8 weeks. Control rats received an equal amount of the vehicle. Body weight and glucose level were measured every 2 weeks. Glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the experiment. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to identify the pattern of distribution of visfatin in pancreatic islet cells of GK rats treated with or without visfatin. Co‐localization study was performed to determine whether visfatin resides with either, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in the islets of Langerhans. Immunofluorescence study shows that many islet cells in pancreatic islets of Langerhans of GK rats contain visfatin, where it co‐localizes mainly with insulin. The number of visfatin and insulin‐containing cells in pancreatic islets of GK rats treated with visfatin increased significantly (p < 0.05). Although most of the visfatin‐positive cells contain insulin, some islet cells located in the periphery of pancreatic islets also contain visfatin. Treatment with visfatin did not significant increase weight gain in GK rats compared to non‐treated control. Glucose handling was markedly (p < 0.05) improved in GK rats treated with visfatin. In conclusion, visfatin may play a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by UAE University Research Grant # 02‐13‐11/08.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
VERANY: Cephalopods of the Mediterranean Sea: (1847)–1851, Genova (France)
Authors: LE FLOCH‐PRIGENT Patrice , NGUYEN Juliette , GILLOT Jean‐Bernard 
Published: June 2021

The Alain Brieux's Bookstore owned in 2018 a rare, original monography written in Nice about the cephalopods of the mediterranean sea. It was published in Genova by the “Imprimerie des sourds‐muets”. The exact title was “Cephalopodes de la Méditerranée. Mollusques méditerranéens observés, décrits et chromolithographiés d'après le vivant. Première partie”. The book was an in‐quarto (in‐4). There were 132 pages and 43 plates. The drawings and prints were the work of the author. Jean‐Baptiste VERANY (1800–1865) discovered several species of cephalopods. The logigopsis (chirotheutis) veranyi holds his name. He collected a collection of natural history by his own since 1820. He performed a scientific cruise in South America on the Euridice, a royal sardinian vessel and after worked in Genova. He gave his collection in 1846 to the town of Nice (south coast of France).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Topographic Anatomic Mapping of the Superior Cervical Ganglion with Novel Optical Clearing Method (LIMPID)
Authors: Thiyagarajah Nishanth H , Liu YeHe Hsee , Jenkins Michael Hsee , Lewis Stephen J , Hsieh Yee‐Hsee 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND/AIMThe Superior Cervical Ganglion (SCG) contains cell bodies that project to various structures within the head and neck, including the nasopharynx, larynx, and submandibular glands. With the emergence of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves as a treatment for disease pathologies, an emphasis must be placed on the anatomic mapping of end‐point structures. Topographic location within the ganglion as well as post ganglionic projections from the SCG are not well defined as of yet. The 2 main postganglionic sympathetic branches that exit the SCG are the Internal Carotid Nerve (ICN) and the External Carotid Nerve (ECN). The main focus of this work is to utilize a novel optical clearing method to create a topographic map of the SCG, as well as identify the anatomic pathways that these cell bodies travel to their end‐point structures.METHODSMale adult Sprague Dawley rodents (n=18) were anesthetized with Sevofluorane. These rats were separated into 3 equal groups; (1) Tract tracer injections with Hamilton micro syringe (1 μl DiI (8.3mg/ml)) in submandibular gland, (1 μl DiO (8.3mg/ml)) in nasopharynx, and (0.25–0.5 μl DiD (8.3mg/ml)) in larynx; (2) Unilateral surgical transection of the left ECN with bilateral SMG injections of 1μl DiI (8.3mg/ml) (3) Unilateral surgical transection of the left ICN with bilateral nasopharynx injections of 1μl DiO (8.3mg/ml). The SCG was harvested 7 days later through whole body perfusion/fixation with 1X Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)/4% Paraformaldehyde. SCG was placed in a clearing solution for 3‐D topographic mapping for visualization method called lipid‐preserving index matching for prolonged imaging depth (LIMPID). Imaging was performed using a Leica TCS SP8 gated STED.RESULTSOur results show distinct locations of cell populations for SMG, larynx, and nasopharynx respectively. In addition, the anatomical connection from SCG to SMG was ablated almost entirely or entirely following surgical ECN transection (>95% of ganglion cell population absent between transected and control lateralities in all experiments). Transection of the ICN nerve was also shown to entirely prevent the appearance of positive cells projecting to the nasopharynx unilaterally.CONCLUSIONOur findings represent a novel topographic mapping of the SCG, and identify the postganglionic branches where cell bodies project to the nasopharynx and submandibular glands specifically. As bioelectronics moves forward, these anatomic mappings will be essential in the identification of intervention points for optimal therapy.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH1OT2OD023860‐01This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Human Submandibular Salivary Gland Morphology Associated to Transcription and Growth Factors from Fetus to Aging
Authors: Gomes Tamires Albuquerque , Araújo Jose Roberto , Arias Vitor , Neves Adriana Costa , Silva Marcelo Cavenaghi Pereira 
Published: June 2021

Saliva carries out several functions in the digestive system like the protection of the oral cavity and the beginning of carbohydrate digestion. This liquid is mainly produced by the submandibular gland as it is responsible for 60% of total saliva flow. This gland is characterized as acinar tubule composed, and during the fetal period, it develops in five stages, which are molded through high proliferative indices of the components. However, the aging process changes the morphology and function of this gland.Transcription factors such as Nanog and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat‐3) regulate the process of proliferation, ckit and musashi‐1 induce cell proliferation while epidermal growth factor (EGF) is secreted by the submandibular gland and it has combined action to the Stat‐3. Considering the importance of these transcription factors and the role of EGF, the present study evaluated immunohistochemical expression of EGF, Nanog, Ckit, Musashi‐1 and Stat‐3 in submandibular glands of human fetuses between 12 and 18 gestational weeks, in adults (40 to 55 years old) and senile (over 85 years old). It was also evaluated quantitatively the morphological changes in components during development using Image J and statistical softwares. This study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of UNIFESP, research number 618131.The present study showed significant expression of all the transcription factors in the acinar system as in the ductal system during the stages of development. Also showed differences in the number of components between the adult and senile glands. Considering these results, we reinforce that the morphological changes observed in the submandibular gland is in consonance with the levels of the studied markers and the proliferation pattern during aging.Support or Funding InformationThis study was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ‐ Brasil (CAPES) Finance code 001 and also by FAPESP process number 2015/03967‐5.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Modeling the Development of Cleft Lip and Palate in Variable Clefting Mouse Strains
Authors: Green Rebecca M. , Leach Courtney L. , Guo Sihan , Diewert Virginia , Marcucio Ralph S. , Hallgrimsson Benedikt 
Published: June 2021

Epigenetic modifications in A‐strain mice can lead to cleft lip and palate (CLP). All A‐strain mice have a retrotransposon present near the Wnt9b gene, yet, two A‐strain mice cleft at very different rates. A/WySn clefts at 25% while A/J clefts at 5%, yet each line isogenic. The difference in clefting rates is thought to be due to changes in methylation of the retrotransposon. This variation in the penetrance of clefting among strains makes this an interesting model for human orofacial clefting as CLP is also variably penetrant in humans. Here, we test the hypothesis that these mice have subtle variations in 3D cell proliferation and apoptosis that cause variation in the shape of the facial tissues during crucial steps of facial formation, leading to CLP. Further, we predict these changes in proliferation, apoptosis and morphology correlate with Wnt9b levels. Genome changes between related A‐strain mice with different CLP levels also suggest that other loci may be involved in the variable clefting present in these mice. Combined, these results imply that variation in gene expression within a genotype leads to variation in cellular dynamics and the resulting morphogenesis, producing CLP leading to cleft development in a subset of A‐strain mice.Support or Funding InformationNIH NIDCR R01 DE019638 to RS and BH. CIHR Foundation Grant to BH and RS. CIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship to RG.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Interactions Between Channel Function, Cellular Differentiation, and Morphology in the Mandibles of Two Connexin‐43 Mutant Mouse Models
Authors: Moore Alyssa C , Jewlal Elizabeth , Barr Kevin , Laird Dale W , Willmore Katherine E 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMutations in the gene encoding connexin‐43 (Cx43) can result in the human disease oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD), which has a strong craniofacial phenotype, including microphthalmia, a narrowed nose, and an increased incidence of cleft palate. The literature on the human condition of ODDD documents a mandibular phenotype including macrognathia and widened alveolar ridges; however, the mandibular phenotype has yet to be studied in detail in mouse models of ODDD. As well, a stepwise link between the amount of functional Cx43 protein, cellular differentiation, and phenotype has been found in heterozygous and homozygous Cx43 knockout mice, but this stepwise progression in Cx43 functionality, cellular changes, and phenotypic changes has yet to be investigated in mouse models of ODDD. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to determine the relationship between Cx43 function, celular differentiation, and mandibular morphology.MethodsWe used two mouse models with mutations in the gene encoding for Cx43 which have 20% channel functionality and a severe ODDD phenotype (Cx43G60S/+) or 50% channel functionality and a moderate ODDD phenotype (Cx43I130T/+), respectively. Homologous landmark data were collected from microCT images of newborn hemimandibles and analyzed with geometric morphometric analyses to quantify and visualize mandibular shape changes between mutants and wildtype littermates.General mandibular histomorphology will be qualitatively assessed using Safranin‐O/Fast Green staining and compared among genotypes. We will also quantify expression of chondrocyte, osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte differentiation markers in these mutant mice and their wildtype littermates using qRT‐PCR. With these procedures, we hope to gain an understanding of the relationship between Cx43 function, cellular differentiation, and mandibular morphology.Preliminary ResultsCx43G60S/+ mice display significant alterations to mandibular shape and size when compared to their wildtype littermates. The changes to shape and size cluster around the incisor alveolar process, coronoid process, angular process, condylar process, and mental and mandibular foramina in Cx43G60S/+ mice. Potential drivers for these size and shape changes include delayed ossification and the interaction of different modes of ossification in secondary cartilage.Significance & Future DirectionsOur preliminary work confirms that altered Cx43 function results in altered mandibular morphology. Ongoing studies are focused on determining if cellular differentiation is altered in the bone and cartilage of our mutant mandibles and if these cellular changes can explain the phenotypic changes observed.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by NSERC.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Status of MMP 9 and TIMP 1 in Pregnant women with Preeclampsia in Indian Population
Authors: ARORA PALLAVI , MOCHAN SANKAT , GUPTA SUNIL KUMAR , SAXENA SHOBHIT , RANI NEERJA , PALLAVI SK , SHARMA ARUNDHATI , LUTHRA KALPANA , DWIVEDI SADANAND , BHATLA NEERJA , DHINGRA RENU 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) specifically MMP 9 is a key regulator of vascular and uterine spiral artery remodelling and its activity is controlled at multiple levels, including gene transcription, activation of its latent forms and endogenous inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMPs (specifically TIMP 1)]. Alteration in MMP 9 and TIMP 1 expression may contribute to uterine and vascular dysfunction leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as Preeclampsia (PE) and FGR. Therefore, in the present study, we sought to analyse the levels of this enzyme (MMP 9) and its regulator (TIMP 1) in the patients of PE.MethodsThe blood samples from the enrolled pregnant women [Total: 60, Preeclamptic: 30, Normotensive, Non‐proteinuric (Controls): 30)] were used for determining the mRNA expression of MMP 9 and TIMP 1 using qRT‐PCR. The sera of the above subjects were used for measuring MMP 9 and TIMP 1 protein levels using commercially available ELISA kits (R and D system). However, 30 caesarean delivered placentae (15 PE and 15 normotensive) were used to analyse the mRNA expression of MMP 9 and TIMP 1 using qRT‐PCR. Also, the MMP 9 and TIMP1 protein expression was seen by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Zymography was performed for MMP 9 characterization and TIMP 1 expression was evaluated using western blot in these placentae.ResultsMMP 9 mRNA expression reduced in both plasma (2.66 folds) and placentae (6.66 folds) of PE patients as compared to controls. However, TIMP 1 mRNA expression was elevated in both plasma (2.23 folds) and placentae (8.32 folds) of PE patients as compared to controls. ELISA results demonstrated decrease in MMP 9 (p=0.0526; Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test) and increase in TIMP 1 (p=0.9133; Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test) protein levels in PE patients as compared to healthy controls. Immunolocalisation revealed stronger expression of MMP 9 in placental syncytiotrophoblasts and stroma in control placentae as compared to PE placentae. However, TIMP 1 intensity reduced in placental villi and decidual cells in the placentae from normotensive non‐proteinuric pregnant women. MMP 9 activity (zymography) was also found to be less and TIMP‐1 (western blot) upregulated in PE placentae as compared to control placentae.ConclusionUnderstanding the role of MMP 9 and TIMP 1 in uteroplacental and vascular remodelling and function could help design new approaches for prediction and management of preeclampsia.Ethical Clearance: Ref. No. IECPG‐101/21.03.2018Support or Funding InformationF.No.IR‐516/2018/RSThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.