bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue disposal profiles of Tiamulin fumarate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following oral and intravenous administrations
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Cao Cuiyu , Song Yi , Zhou Shun , Yang Yibin , Xu Ning , Yang Qiuhong , Dong Jing , Ai Xiaohui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTiamulin fumarate (TIF) is a pleuromutilin antibiotic and has high activity against animal bacterial pathogens including aquatic bacterial pathogens. However, its pharmacokinetic profiles, tissue distribution characteristics and bioavailability in aquatic animals remain unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution regularities of TIF in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following a single oral (PO) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) and a single intravenous (IV) dose of 5 mg/kg bw at 22 ± 1°C, respectively. TIF concentrations in tilapia plasma and tissues were determined using the isotope dilution HPLC‐HESI‐MS/MS procedure, which was validated according to the guidelines defined by US Food and Drug Administration. TIF was well distributed throughout the body compartments of tilapia judged by the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) >1 L/kg (6.69 L/kg PO and 1.78 L/kg IV). TIF had a short mean residence time (MRT; 22.82 h PO and 14.61 h IV) and quick total body clearance (CLb) (0.62 L kg−1 h−1 PO and 0.60 L kg−1 h−1 IV). The total area under the curve (AUCtot) of plasma were 32.25 μg h−1 ml−1 (PO) and 8.30 μg h−1 ml (IV), respectively, and the oral absolute bioavailability (F%) of TIF was calculated to be approximately 97.1%. For tissue distribution, high concentrations of TIF were found in kidney, and the longest MRT was recorded in bile. The withdrawal time (WT) of TIF in muscle, skin, liver, kidney, gill, and bile was 3.75 (4) and 1.79 (2), 1.77 (2) and 2.06 (3), 6.41 (7) and 1.97 (2), 6.95 (7) and 3.98 (4), 4.92 (5) and 2.36 (3), and 7.06 (8) and 6.16 (7) days after PO and IV administration, respectively. The present investigations indicated that TIF was quickly absorbed, well distributed, rapidly eliminated in tilapia, and it could serve as reference data for establishing use regimen and provide useful information for the further development of TIF in aquaculture.
Maize nicotinate N‐methyltransferase interacts with the NLR protein Rp1‐D21 and modulates the hypersensitive response
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Li Ya‐Jie , Zhu Yu‐Xiu , Sun Yang , Wang Guan‐Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost plant intracellular immune receptors belong to nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins. The recognition between NLRs and their corresponding pathogen effectors often triggers a hypersensitive response (HR) at the pathogen infection sites. The nicotinate N‐methyltransferase (NANMT) is responsible for the conversion of nicotinate to trigonelline in plants. However, the role of NANMT in plant defence response is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the maize ZmNANMT, but not its close homolog ZmCOMT, an enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, suppresses the HR mediated by the autoactive NLR protein Rp1‐D21 and its N‐terminal coiled‐coil signalling domain (CCD21). ZmNANMT, but not ZmCOMT, interacts with CCD21, and they form a complex with HCT1806 and CCoAOMT2, two key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, which can also suppress the autoactive HR mediated by Rp1‐D21. ZmNANMT is mainly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and either localization is important for suppressing the HR phenotype. These results lay the foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of NANMTs in plant disease resistance.
Comparison between TightRail rotating dilator sheath and GlideLight laser sheath for transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Qin Dingxin , Chokshi Moulin , Sabeh Mohamad Khaled , Maan Abhishek , Bapat Aneesh , Bode Weeranun D. , Hanley Alan , Hucker William J. , Ng Chee Yuan , Funamoto Masaki , Barrett Conor D. , Mela Theofanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on the comparative analyses of TightRail rotating dilator sheath (Philips) and laser sheath for lead extraction.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the TightRail sheath as a primary or secondary tool for transvenous lead extraction (TLE).MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of 202 consecutive patients who underwent TLE using either TightRail sheath and/or GlideLight laser sheath (Philips) in our hospital. The study population was divided into three groups: Group A underwent TLE with laser sheath only (N = 157), Group B with TightRail sheath only (N = 22), and Group C with both sheaths (N = 23).ResultsDuring this period, 375 leads in 202 patients were extracted, including 297 leads extracted by laser sheath alone, 45 leads by TightRail sheath alone, and 33 by both TightRail sheath and laser sheaths. The most common indications included device infection (44.6%) and lead‐related complications (44.1%). The median age of leads was 8.9 years. TightRail sheath (Group B) achieved similar efficacy as a primary extraction tool compared with laser sheath (Group A), with complete procedure success rate of 93.3% (vs. 96.6%, P = .263) and clinical success rate of 100.0% (vs. 98.1%, P = .513). Among 32 leads in which Tightrail was used after laser had failed (Group C), the complete procedure success rate was 75.8%. No significant difference in procedural adverse events was observed.ConclusionOur single‐center experience confirms that the TightRail system is an effective first‐line and second‐line method for TLE. Further investigation is required to guide the selection of mechanical and laser sheaths in lead extraction cases.
Bioeconomic modelling of hatchery, grow‐out and combined business of Australian black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon farming
Authors: Marín‐Riffo Maria C. , Raadsma Herman W. , Jerry Dean R. , Coman Greg J. , Khatkar Mehar S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPenaeus monodon is the primary shrimp species farmed in Australia. Based on an extensive survey of the literature and industry information, we identified and compiled 318 different parameters related to shrimp aquaculture enterprises and production. Using these as input parameters, we performed detailed bioeconomic modelling for evaluating the economic viability of intensive culture scenarios and identified the major drivers of business profitability under Australian conditions. Three business types (hatchery, grow‐out and combined hatchery + grow‐out) were evaluated by simulating varying numbers of female broodstock and ponds in operation based on annual, six‐monthly, quarterly and monthly stocking events per year over a 10‐year period. Net present value was the main economic variable for comparison. The hatchery business was most profitable in scenario with 250 females being spawned monthly or 500 females at least quarterly, that is, >2000 females spawned per year. Feed, acquisition of broodstock and fixed labour were major costs for hatchery scenarios. For a grow‐out business, all scenarios were profitable even at the smallest scale modelled (50 ponds stocked annually). Feed, power and purchase of post‐larvae were major costs for grow‐out business. The combined business was the most profitable for a large enterprise and required at least 100 ponds stocked over the year. The three major costs in the combined business were feed, power and labour. Sensitivity analyses showed feed cost and survival parameters were critical for profitability.
Disability and the church in Africa: Institutional and individual approaches to disability and Christianity on the continent
Authors: Clausnitzer Danielle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThough African‐led engagement with persons with disabilities (PWDs) within varying African churches has been an ongoing project since the 1990s, recent developments in the study of PWDs remain notably absent from mainstream African, religious, or disabilities studies. Calling attention to the interrelation between these three important scholarly fields can help scholars and PWDs alike to conceptualize of the treatment of PWDs in Africa and, more specifically, their role in the Christian Church on the continent. Focusing on the theological and ecclesiological solutions to the ongoing oppression and segregation of African PWDs, this article therefore seeks to define the lived experiences and scholarship that sit at the intersection of these three important scholarly fields. In doing so, this article seeks to aid in the development of a better understanding of how PWDs in variable African churches are understood and how novel African scholarship aims to define or modify this understanding.
Geometric Design of the Limaçon-to-Circular Fluid Processing Machine
Authors: Phung Truong H. , Sultan Ibrahim A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A limaçon machine is a rotary positive displacement device, in which the housing and rotor are constructed of limaçon of Pascal curves. Previous works have been published to investigate the working of these machines in two applications: gas expanders and compressors. This article presents a theoretical investigation into the potential of modifying the rotor profile of the limaçon machines to simplify the machine’s manufacturing process and to reduce production cost. The proposed modification will produce new characteristics for the housing–rotor interaction. An outcome that motivates the need to obtain new mathematical models to investigate the housing–rotor interference and describe the volumetric relationship of the new machine. This article also employs an optimization approach to design the best machine for a given set of operating conditions, i.e., expander, compressor, and pump. The outcome of this study confirms the validity of the proposed modification and its potential to produce a limaçon machine with favorable characteristics.
Geothermal Energy Use and Its Related Technology Development in Japan
Authors: Yasukawa Kasumi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Japan has national targets to intensify the geothermal power generation. The government gives several fiscal incentives for geothermal development and R&D through the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). Beside short-termed target by 2030, Japan has a long-term target by 2050. Therefore, the R&D also has a short-term target to develop the conventional hydrothermal systems effectively with improved technologies and a long-term target to develop supercritical geothermal resources at a depth of volcanic region. The latter covers from basic scientific investigation to highly technological innovation. In contrast, ground source heat pump (GSHP) has been promoted by the private sectors supported mainly by the Ministry of Environment (MOE). A topical research work on the ground source heat pump in Japan is suitability mapping for both closed-loop and open-loop systems based on studies of groundwater flows. The detailed situation and research activities for both geothermal power generation and ground source heat pump will be discussed in this paper.
Efficacy and Safety of Long‐Term Antithrombotic Strategies in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Network Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhu Houyong , Xu Xiaoqun , Fang Xiaojiang , Ying Fei , Song Liuguang , Gao Beibei , Tong Guoxin , Zhou Liang , Chen Tielong , Huang Jinyu 
Published: March 2021

Background
Long‐term antithrombotic strategies for patients with chronic coronary syndrome with high‐risk factors represent an important treatment dilemma in clinical practice. Our aim was to conduct a network meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long‐term antithrombotic strategies in patients with chronic coronary syndrome.

Methods and Results
Four randomized studies were included (n=75167; THEMIS [Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Intervention Study], COMPASS [Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies], PEGASUS‐TIMI 54 [Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54], and DAPT [Dual Anti‐platelet Therapy]). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs) were calculated as the measure of effect size. The results of the network meta‐analysis showed that, compared with aspirin monotherapy, the ORs for trial‐defined major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were 0.86; (95% CI, 0.80–0.93) for ticagrelor plus aspirin, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78–1.02) for rivaroxaban monotherapy, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.64–0.85) for rivaroxaban plus aspirin, and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60,–0.86) for thienopyridine plus aspirin. Compared with aspirin monotherapy, the ORs for trial‐defined major bleeding were 2.15 (95% CI, 1.78–2.59]) for ticagrelor plus aspirin, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.23–1.85) for rivaroxaban monotherapy, and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.37–2.05) for rivaroxaban plus aspirin. For death from any cause, the improvement effect of rivaroxaban plus aspirin was detected versus aspirin monotherapy (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65–0.90), ticagrelor plus aspirin (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66–0.95), rivaroxaban monotherapy (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.97), and thienopyridine plus aspirin (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41–0.82) regimens.

Conclusions
All antithrombotic strategies combined with aspirin significantly reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and increased the risk of major bleeding compared with aspirin monotherapy. Considering the outcomes of all ischemic and bleeding events and all‐cause mortality, rivaroxaban plus aspirin appears to be the preferred long‐term antithrombotic regimen for patients with chronic coronary syndrome and high‐risk factors.
Bonaventure on the Soul and Its Powers
Authors: Löwe Can Laurens 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article examines Bonaventure’s account of the soul and its powers, which seeks to strike a middle path between the better-known identity and distinction views of the thirteenth century. Bonaventure contends that the powers of the soul are neither fully distinct from the soul nor completely identical to it. The article argues that Bonaventure’s view comprises four key theses. Bonaventure maintains (i) that the soul’s powers are necessary features of the soul; (ii) that they depend on the soul; (iii) that they are in the same category as the soul; (iv) but that they belong to this category “by reduction” (per reductionem). The article also considers an objection to Bonaventure’s view raised by Peter John Olivi.
Towards a History of the Decolonization of International Law. An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Wheatley Natasha , Moyn Samuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
After an age of excitement of historians and lawyers with renewed interest in the imperial origins and settings of international law, recent scholarship has begun to turn to the history of the field’s decolonization. The Third World Approaches to International Law movement, of course, arose out of and continues to call for a decolonization of international law. But the fact is that, as of today, we know very little in historical terms about how this transition began. The historiography of the achievements, forms, and personnel – as well as the legacy and limits – of the attempted creation of a genuinely postcolonial international law remains in its infancy.
Postgraduate Employment Outcomes of Undergraduate and Graduate Public Health Students
Authors: Krasna Heather , Gershuni Olga , Sherrer Kristy , Czabanowska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

Objectives A key goal of schools and programs of public health is to prepare graduates for careers in the public health workforce after graduation, but are they achieving this goal? We assessed how the employment outcomes of students earning public health degrees are collected and described in the literature. Methods Using the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation as a framework, we conducted a 6-step scoping review: (1) formulating the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting studies, (4) charting the data, (5) collating and summarizing the results, and (6) consulting stakeholders. We included articles published from January 1, 1993, through July 4, 2020, that provided data on employment status, employment sector/industry, job function, or salary of public health graduates. We excluded articles that were not written in English and were about dual-degree (ie, doctor of medicine–master of public health) students. We found and reviewed 630 articles. Results We found 33 relevant articles. Most articles focused on a single school and combined multiple graduating classes, focused on subspecializations of public health, or focused on graduates’ satisfaction with their curriculum but not employment outcomes. Data were inconsistently categorized, and studies were difficult to compare. Conclusions Research on public health graduates’ employment outcomes is scarce and does not follow consistent protocols. New standards should be adopted to systematize the collection of data on employment outcomes of public health graduates.
Disparities in Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Antibodies in a Large Midwestern Health Care System
Authors: Fitzpatrick Veronica , Rivelli Anne , Blair Christopher , Copeland Kenneth , Richards Jon 
Published: March 2021

Objectives Increased exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a result of having an essential job is compounded by factors such as age, race, and ethnicity. We used a cross-sectional study design to describe disparities in the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) test results by demographic characteristics and clinical roles among a cohort of health care workers employed by the largest Midwestern health care system in the United States. Methods We collected 16 233 SARS-CoV-2 IgG serum samples from June 8 through July 10, 2020, from a convenience sample of Illinois- and Wisconsin-based adult health care workers. The research team, in collaboration with ACL Laboratories, used a SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Study data included SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay results and demographic characteristics of workers (age, sex, race, ethnicity, clinical role, zip code). We generated crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) to describe disparities in seroprevalence distribution among demographic and social factors. Results Of 16 233 IgG serum samples tested, 622 (3.8%) test results were positive for SARS-CoV-2. We found significant disparities in SARS-CoV-2 positivity by age, race, ethnicity, and clinical role. Participants aged 32-82 had lower adjusted ORs (aORs) of positive IgG than participants aged 18-31 (aOR range, 0.54-0.66). Odds of positivity were higher among Black (aOR = 3.86), Asian (aOR = 1.42), and mixed-race (aOR = 1.99) workers than among White workers; among Hispanic workers (aOR = 1.80) than among non-Hispanic workers; and among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical workers (aOR = 1.86) than among nonclinical workers. Conclusions Public health efforts should focus on increasing COVID-19 safety messaging, testing, vaccination, and other prevention efforts for people who are young, non-White, Hispanic, and working in COVID-19–clinical units.
Semi-quantitative scoring of imaging modalities in detecting soft tissue foreign bodies: an in vitro study
Authors: Alfuraih Abdulrahman M , Almutairi Faisal N , Alotaibi Sultan B , Alshmrani Abdullah A 
Published: March 2021

Background Accurate identification of foreign bodies (FB) using medical imaging is essential for diagnosis and determining the suitable retrieval technique. Purpose To compare the sensitivity of different imaging modalities for detecting various FB materials in soft tissue and assess the reproducibility of a scoring system for grading the conspicuity of FBs. Material and Methods Five FB materials (plastic, wood, glass, aluminum, and copper) were embedded in a tissue-mimicking phantom. Computed radiography (CR), ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared using a semi-quantitative 5-point Likert scale scoring system. The intra- and inter-reader reproducibility of four independent readers was analyzed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W). Results Glass was visible on all imaging modalities. Plastic was only visible in excellent detail using ultrasound. Wood was detected in excellent resolution using ultrasound and CT using the default window while plain X-ray failed to detect it. Ultrasound was the only modality that showed aluminum in excellent quality while CT showed it with good demarcation from the surroundings. Copper was detectable in excellent detail using CR, ultrasound, and CT. MRI performance was suboptimal, especially with the plastic FB. The scoring system showed excellent intra-reader (W = 0.91, P = 0.001) and inter-reader (W = 0.88, P < 0.001) reproducibility. Conclusion Ultrasound can be used as the first line of investigation for wood, plastic, glass, and metallic FBs impacted at superficial depths in soft tissue. The semi-quantitative FB scoring system showed excellent within- and between-reader reliability, which can be used to score and compare the detection performance of new imaging techniques.
Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning for Treatment of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Pilon Fractures
Authors: Mazhar Farid Najd , Motaghi Paniz 
Published: March 2021

Background: Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint pilon fractures are among the challenging hand injuries, which are often associated with a wide range of complications. This study aimed to report the clinical and radiological outcomes of closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire (KW) insertion with or without bone cement application (for the fabrication of an external fixator) in the treatment of PIP joint pilon fractures. Methods: Twenty pilon fractures underwent closed reduction and percutaneous KW fixation through a modified technique. At the end of the follow-up period, 3 questionnaires—Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH), Visual Analogue Scale for pain, and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation—were completed. The radiological outcome was assessed by radiography. Range of motion, and grip and pinch strength were measured. Results: The mean follow-up period was 14.57 ± 4.03 months (range, 12-20 months). The mean range of motion of PIP at the end of the follow-up period was 89.64° ± 10.82° (range, 65°-100°). The mean difference in the range of motion in the contralateral side was 21.4° ± 13°. The mean of the Quick DASH score was 13.50 ± 2.92 (range, 11-21). Two patients had residual articular malalignment, and 3 patients had angular or rotational malunion. Conclusion: By treating pilon fractures with the proposed technique, we achieved a satisfactory outcome. The acceptable articular and axial alignment was achieved in 75% of patients, and complications were low. The flexibility of percutaneous KW insertion and handmade external fixators makes these approaches convenient for treating PIP joint pilon fractures.