bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and Depression Among Children With Epilepsy Attending in Neurology Department of Yalagdo Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)
Authors: Dabilgou Alfred Anselme , Kyelem Julie Marie Adeline , Bagué Boubacar , Dravé Alassane , Sawadogo Isidore , Napon Christian , Millogo Athanase , Karfo Kapouni , Kaboré Jean 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Children with epilepsies (CWE) show an increased prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders.Patients and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on children with epilepsy aged 7 to 19 years attending neurology consultations at YOUTH during the period from May 06 to August 6, 2019. STAIc Anxiety Scale and Child Depression Inventory were performed in all the patients. Results: The mean age of children with epilepsy was 10.86 ± 3.30 years with male predominance. The mean STAIc score was 34.71 ± 6.58. Anxiety was observed in 42.2% of cases with male predominance. Anxiety was mild to moderate in 42.2% of cases. The risk factors for anxiety were the educational status (p-0.01) and epilepsy duration (p-0.02). The mean CDI score was 11.66 ± 5.76. Depression symptoms were observed in 26.7% of patients. Mild depression was present in all of cases. The risk factors for depression were the level of education (p = 0.01) and the duration of epilepsy (p = 0.008).Conclusion:Anxiety and depression were common in children with epilepsy in Burkina Faso. The risk factors for anxiety and depression were educational status and epilepsy duration.
Impute the Missing Data Using Retrieved Dropouts
Authors: Wang Shuai , Hu Haoyan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In the past few decades various methods have been proposed to handle missing data of clinical studies, so as to assess the robustness of primary results. Some of the methods are based on the assumption of missing at random (MAR) which assumes subjects who discontinue the treatment will maintain the treatment effect after discontinuation. The agency, however, has expressed concern over methods based on this overly optimistic assumption, because it hardly holds for subjects discontinuing the investigational product (IP). Although in recent years a good number of sensitivity analyses based on missing not at random (MNAR) assumptions have been proposed, some use very conservative assumption on which it might be hard for sponsors and regulators to reach common ground.Methods: Here we propose a multiple imputation method targeting at “treatment policy” estimand based on the MNAR assumption. This method can be used as the primary analysis, in addition to serving as a sensitivity analysis. It imputes missing data using information from retrieved dropouts defined as subjects who remain in the study despite occurrence of intercurrent events. Then imputed data long with completers and retrieved dropouts are analyzed altogether and finally multiple results are summarized into a single estimate. According to definition in ICH E9 (R1), this proposed approach fully aligns with the treatment policy estimand but its assumption is much more realistic and reasonable. Results: Our approach has well controlled type I error rate with no loss of power. As expected, the effect size estimates take into account any dilution effect contributed by retrieved dropouts, conforming to the MNAR assumption.Conclusions: Although multiple imputation approaches are always used as sensitivity analyses, this multiple imputation approach can be used as primary analysis for trials with sufficient retrieved dropouts or trials designed to collect retrieved dropouts.
A Case of Ectopic Odontogenic Ghost Cell Tumor: Histogenetic Features of a New Entity
Authors: Noda Yuri , Ohe Chisato , Ishida Mitsuaki , Okano Kimiaki , Sando Kaori , Hada Naoya , Ebisu Yusuke , Fujisawa Takuo , Yagi Maso , Iwai Hiroshi , Tsuta Koji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Odontogenic tumors arising from extra-alveolar sites are extremerly rare. Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is an uncommon odontogenic neoplasm characterized by CTNNB1 mutation, ghost cell appearance, and dentinoid-like calcification. We present a case of an ectopic DGCT arising from a calcifying odontogenic cyst in the floor of the mouth. Case presentation: A 72-year-old man presented with a painless sublingual swelling. Imaging revealed a multi-lobulated, solid-cyst mass on the floor of the mouth. Cytology showed folded epithelial clusters composed of basaloid cells, keratinized material, and dentinoid matrix. Histology also revealed a multi-cystic, cribriform to solid nest. Immunohistochemically, CK19, CK5/6, bcl-2, and p63 were diffuse positive. CTNTTB1 mutation was detected, leading to the final diagnosis of an ectopic DGCT. There was no recurrence during a 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: This is the first report to comprehensively describe the clinicopathological features of an ectopic DGCT of odontogenic origin, developing similarly to that of a true odontogenic DGCT. Accurate diagnosis of this rare entity is necessary to avoid overtreatment.
Management and Burden of Acute Migraine at the Emergency Department in Southwest China: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ge Wenjing , Chen Ning , Guo Jian , Zhou Muke , He Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:Migraine is the most common cause of headache patients for medical consultation to emergency department (ED). However, the management and cost of those patients are less known. Our study aimed to survey detailed diagnosis, clinical characteristics, management, and cost of migraine patients in the emergency department in ChinaMethods:We performed a retrospective study from April 1, 2014, and September 31, 2020, at West China Hospital. This study enrolled patients with migraine diagnoses and analyzed their investigations, medical treatment and cost during their stay at ED. Results:Our study included 300 patients, 77.3% were female and the mean age was 38 years. 36% were conducted cranial CT scan. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most used at ED. We found that none of the patients received triptans nor prophylaxis medicine. The mean cost of emergency room visits was 57.17USD.Conclusion:Our study found that most migraine patients who came to the ED were not receiving the evidence-based acute treatment. A timely referral system should be established to minimize the disease costs of patients.
Impact of Long-term Endurance Performance on Muscles Stiffness in Marathon Runners Over 50 Years Old
Authors: Maćkała Krzysztof , Mroczek Dariusz , Chmura Paweł , Konefał Marek , Pawlik Damian , Chmura Jan , Paleczny Bartłomiej , Seredyński Rafał , Wyciszkiewicz Małgorzata , Nowicka-Czudak Adrianna , Łopusiewicz Wojciech , Chromik Krystyna , Adamiec Dorota , Wiecha Szczepan , Ponikowski Piotr , Ponikowska Beata 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate marathon performance and asses the influence of this long-distance running endurance exercise on the changes of muscle stiffness in recreational runners aged 50 + years. Thirty-one male long-distance runners aged 50–73 years participated in the experiment. The muscle stiffness of quadriceps and calves was measured in two independent sessions: the day before the marathon and 30 min after the completed marathon run using a Myoton device. The 42.195-km run was completed in 4.30,05 h ± 35.12 min, which indicates an intensity of 79.3% ± 7.1% of HRmax. The long-term, low-intensity running exercise (marathon) in older recreational runners, along with the low level of HRmax and VO2max showed no statistically significant changes in muscle stiffness (quadriceps and calves). There was reduced muscle stiffness, but only in the triceps of the calf in the dominant (left) leg. Moreover, in order to optimally evaluate the marathon and adequately prepare for the performance training programme, we need to consider the direct and indirect analyses of the running economy, running technique, and HRmax and VO2max and DOMS variables. These variables significantly affect the marathon exercise.
Ocular Surface Disease Signs and Symptoms of Glaucoma Patients and Their Relation to Glaucoma Medication in Finland
Authors: Parkkari Minna , Purola Petri , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of ocular surface disease (OSD) signs and symptoms of glaucoma patients in relation to topical glaucoma treatment and to compare them to non-glaucomatous population. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study consisting of private ophthalmology clinic visits in southern Finland. Glaucoma patients had a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma or treated ocular hypertension. Control patients had no prior or current use of glaucoma medication. Recorded parameters included OSD signs and symptoms, used glaucoma medications during the past 6 months, and the product name and type of used antiglaucoma drugs.Results: Glaucoma patients (n = 564) showed higher severity of OSD sign parameters excluding Schirmer’s test, as well as increased dry eye sensation compared to controls (n = 51). Beta-blockers and preservative-free prostaglandins had the smallest effect on all parameters. The increasing number of active compounds and administered eye drops per day showed an association with increasing severity of OSD signs and symptoms.Conclusion: Glaucoma patients show higher prevalence of OSD signs and dry eye sensation compared to non-glaucomatous population. The use of preserved glaucoma medication, as well as high number of active compounds and eye drops increase the severity of these parameters. There are significant differences between the types of glaucoma medication used, and therefore the selection of them is important especially in patients suffering from OSD.
Physicochemical Characterization of Sucrose And Formaldehyde Modified-Starches From Maize, Wheat And Rice For Pharmaceutical Use
Authors: Okeke Ifeanyi Justin , Oli Angus Nnamdi , Ojiako Chioma Miracle , Ibezim Emmanuel Chinedum , Okoyeh Jude N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Starches have been shown to be important across various disciplines such as the pharmaceutical industries, food industries and also paper industries. Starch is basically a mixture of polymers consisting of a-D-glucose as the monomeric unit. The goal of this study is to modify the native starches which are gotten from Zea mays, Triticum estivum, and Oriza sativa through cross-linking using sucrose and formaldehyde at different concentrations, and assessing the utilisabilty of the modified starches as potential excipients [binder] for tabletting of Paracetamol tablets. Method: Starch was extracted from Maize, Wheat and Rice grains and defatted. A confirmatory test was carried out on the extracted starch. The starches were treated with ethanol and crosslinked with varied concentrations of sucrose and formaldehyde. Further characterizations were carried out such as the determination of moisture content, bulk and tapped densities, effect of electrolyte on swelling behavior, viscosity and pH . Results: Maize and rice starches cross linked with 2.5 % sucrose gave the least percentage moisture content. The batches cross-linked with 40% formaldehyde showed the highest moisture content. The densities (bulk and tapped) of maize wheat and rice starches showed a reduction with the increasing concentration of the cross-linking agent for sucrose, which is the reverse case for formaldehyde. The different concentrations of sucrose and formaldehyde cross-maize, wheat and rice starches had pH values between 4.50 and 5.52. The onset and end set of the glass transition temperatures were varied for all the starches modified with formaldehyde. The melting peak temperatures obtained indicated that the formaldehyde-modified rice starch had significantly lower melting temperature than those of wheat and maize starches.Conclusion: The result of all the studies carried out shows that the different concentrations of sucrose and formaldehyde had effects on the various qualities of the native starches used and that the chemical agents used also had effects on the original molecular conformations of the native samples though the amorphous and crystalline structures were still present. Cross linking agents made the starch molecule more surfaces active by causing a change in conformation of the molecules at the interface hence an increase in viscosity. The starches were denatured by the cross-linking agents and this could improve their suitability for human consumption as food, cosmetic materials and even drug [as excipients].
Assessing the Blockage of Toxicity of Stereolithographically 3D-Printed Parts Coated with Parylene C
Authors: Huang Kaiyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Comparing to fused deposition modeling (FDM), the stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing method can provide higher fabrication speed and much better resolution, which is demanded by biomedical usage. However, the additives migrating from SLA printed plastic are toxic to creatures, and the method to reduce the toxicity by soaking and exposure to ultraviolet is inadequate, while current biocompatible photo-polymerizing resins are rare and expensive. Here, we provide a method to nearly block all toxicity by coating the fabrication with parylene C. We use early life zebrafish to assess the toxicity of the SLA printed petri dishes whether or not coated with parylene C. The result shows nearly no influence of the coated petri dishes cultured early life zebrafish development compared to control groups, while the fertilized embryos of uncoated groups get killed in 24 hours. The method provides a cheap and easy way to produce customized biocompatible fabrication, which contributes to the popularization of 3D printed products, either in daily life or in research.
Integrating WES and RNA-Seq Data For Short Variant Discovery
Authors: Barcelona-Cabeza Rosa , Sanseverino Walter , Cigliano Riccardo Aiese 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The integration of omics has enormous potential that can be exploited for variant discovery. Several algorithms have been developed to detect somatic variants in an integrated fashion but, to our knowledge, there is still no strategy for germline variant calling. On this basis, we have developed a strategy to identify germline variants by integrating both WES and RNA-seq data. This integrated strategy identifies short variants (SNPs and indels) from raw sequence data, which are classified into six groups to improve variant interpretation: strong-evidence, DNA-only, RNA-only, allele-specific expression (ASE), RNA-editing and RNA-rescue variants. Four samples were analyzed and we show an increase in the number of identified variants without a great effect on performance compared to the exclusive use of WES data, allowing the validation of the variants identified by both types of data (strong-evidence variants), and the identification of RNA-editing and ASE. This integrated strategy provides a method to identify germline SNPs and indels from WES and RNA-seq data taking full advantage of both omics to broaden the range of identified variants and perform variant validation.
Clinical outcomes and survival analysis of Remdesivir as a treatment option for moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.
Authors: Aboelsaad Iman , Ashmawy Rasha , Mahrous Doaa , Sharaf Sandy , Aly Shahinda , Abdullatif Sara , Fakhry Ayat , Hassan Basma , Khamis Dalia , Aldakhs Alaa , Kamal Ehab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral approved as promising medicine worldwide for deadly pandemic COVID-19 disease. The debate of its efficacy is interesting between different studies with consideration of several factors. We planned this study to evaluate a huge clinical outcome (primary composite outcome) of mortality rate, need for MV, and escalation of care among Remdesivir (RDV) and non-Remdesivir (NoRDV)groups.Methods: Patients with a PCR - confirmed diagnosis of moderate and severe COVID-19 were observed retrospectively as two comparative groups, before and after including remdesivir in the treatment protocol, from August 2020 to February 2021.Result: From 509 hospitalized patients; 35% received Remdesivir among them 64% were severe patients. Median age, 59 years, was equal in both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding gender, baseline characteristics, and co-morbidities. Unlike, the median hospital length of stay was lower among the RDV group (8 days) than the NoRDV (9 days), P= 0.004.The composite outcome occurred in 17.7% in RDV and 22.2% in NoRDV but the difference was statistically insignificant (p-value 0.289). Adjusted logistic regression showed a non-significant lower association of the composite outcome with RDV use (OR 0.623, 95CI% 0.37-1.02), and a significant reduction occurred in patients <60 years old (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.17 – 0.83). However, survival analysis for mortality, MV, and transfer to a higher level revealed insignificant differences in the median time between groups. Subgroup analyses showed that RDV utilization had a non-significant effect on the risk of all three outcomes across different groups. Conclusion: Despite controlling all patient characteristics, treatment with RDV did not show any improved impact on patient outcomes over other antivirals and standard care. There is a pressing need for further studies to explore and evaluate new therapeutic approaches or combinations.
Ellagic Acid (EA), a Tannin Was Isolated From Eucalyptus Citriodora Leaves and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Yu Qiujian , Feng Zongcai , Huang Liping , He Jingwei , Zhou Zhongliu , Liu Fang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A tannin, EA ( 1 ), and other nine non-tannins compounds, gallic acid ( 2 ), quercetin ( 3 ), myricetin ( 4 ), 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside ( 5 ), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside ( 6 ), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside ( 7 ), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide ( 8 ), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside ( 9 ), 3,3',4-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ( 10 ) were isolated from a valuable medicinal plant, Eucalyptus citriodora . Structural identification of these compounds was conducted using 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and comparing their spectral data with those previously reported in literatures. The anti-inflammatory effects of EA were evaluated in ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer mice models in our study. The result demonstrated that the intragastric administration of EA significantly prevented the gastric ulceration caused by ethanol treatments. Especially, the gastric tissue in the middle dose EA (100 mg/kg) showed few ulcerations with only slight focal congestion which indicated that it has a significant protective effect on gastric ulcer by increasing the IL-10 and PGE 2 levels, and reducing the IL-6, TNF-α, GAS and COX-2 levels. In addition, the middle-dose EA has no adverse effect on liver and kidney. These findings imply that EA exerts gastroprotective effects by means of its anti-inflammatory effects and may be a potential drug for anti-ulcer treatment.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Differential Inflammatory Effects Between Propofol and Sevoflurane During Lung Cancer Resection: a Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Sufang , Cai Suna , Li Mengjiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Propofol and sevoflurane are two commonly used anesthetics perioperatively. It showed that anesthetic drugs may have an effect on tumorigenesis. Previous researches mostly focused on in vitro experiments, the specimens collected were mostly peripheral body fluid, lacking direct evidence of the impact of anesthetic drugs on human tissues. This study aims at elucidating the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on lung cancer using next-generation sequencing through an in vivo experiment. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to a group either receiving propofol or sevoflurane during surgery. Then patients’ tumor and paired normal samples were collected and sequenced by next-generation sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were analyzed by two statistical models, then cluster analysis, PCA, GO ontology and KEGG pathways analysis were done. Candidate genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results: Two study groups demographic data were not statistically significant. Through single factor model analysis, 810 DEG in propofol group and 508 DEG in sevoflurane group were obtained. In order to better reflect the differential effects of propofol and sevoflurane, in the meanwhile reduce false positives of DEG, we used multi-factor model analysis, which resulted in 124 DEG. In PCA and cluster analysis, four groups (propofol cancer group, propofol normal group, sevoflurane cancer group, sevoflurane normal group) were separated adequately, indicating the accuracy of DEG. We chose seven significant pathways (Cellular response to interleukin-1, Chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Inflammatory response, Immune response, TNF signaling pathway) for downstream analysis. From qRT-PCR results, three genes (CXCR1, CXCL8 and TNFAIP3) were confirmed. Conclusions: Through RNA-seq analysis, the effects of propofol and sevoflurane during lung cancer resection were different, and mainly differ in inflammatory related pathways which might be possibly by targeting CXCL8.Trial registration: Trial registry number was ChiCTR1900026213 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=43733).
Organic Mulching Can Suppress Litchi Downy Blight Through Modification of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Functional Potentials
Authors: Xu Dandan , Ling Jinfeng , Xi Pinggen , Zeng Yani , Zhang Jianfan , Lan Cuizhen , Jiang Zide , Peng Aitian , Qiao Fang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Organic mulching is an important management practice in agricultural production to improve soil quality, control crop pests and diseases and increase the biodiversity of soil microecosystem. However, the information about soil microbial diversity and composition in litchi plantation response to organic mulching and its attribution to litchi downy blight severity was limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of organic mulching on litchi downy blight, and evaluate the biodiversity and antimicrobial potential of soil microbial community of litchi plantation soils under organic mulching. Our results showed that organic mulching could decrease the disease incidence in the litchi plantation. As a result of high-throughput 16S rRNA and ITS rDNA gene illumine sequencing, higher bacterial and fungal community diversity indexes were found in organic mulching soils, the relative abundance of norank f norank o Vicinamibacterales, norank f Vicinamibacteraceae, norank f Xanthobacteraceae, Unclassified c sordariomycetes, Aspergillus and Thermomyces were significant more than that in control soils. Isolation and analysis of antagonistic microorganism showed that 29 antagonistic bacteria strains and 37 antagonistic fungi strains were unique for mulching soils. Thus, we believe that organic mulching has a positive regulatory effect on the litchi downy blight and the soil microbial communities, and so, is more suitable for litchi plantation.