bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Nature of Negative Capacitance in Multidomain Hf0.5Zr0.5O2‐Based Ferroelectric/Dielectric Heterostructures
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Gui Mengcheng , Slesazeck Stefan , Fontanini Riccardo , Segatto Mattia , Esseni David , Mikolajick Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHarnessing ferroelectric negative capacitance in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2‐based thin films is promising for applications in nanoscale electronic devices with ultralow power dissipation, due to their ultimate scalability and semiconductor process compatibility. However, so far, it has been unclear if negative capacitance is an intrinsic material property of ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2, or if it is an extrinsic effect caused by specific domain configurations and lateral domain wall motion as seen in perovskite ferroelectrics. Here, symmetric and asymmetric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Al2O3‐based ferroelectric/dielectric heterostructures are investigated to understand the relationship among depolarization, interfacial charge, domain formation, and negative capacitance. To achieve this, detailed electrical characterization is combined with structural data, analytical modeling, and numerical simulations. The findings suggest that negative capacitance in these ferroelectric/dielectric heterostructures is an intrinsic property of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 layer, which has important implications for potential applications. Furthermore, it is experimentally observed that the energy barrier for polarization switching in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is largely independent of the domain configuration and layer thickness, which confirms recent predictions by first principles calculations.
Solvent‐Cast‐Assisted Printing of Biomimetic Morphing Hydrogel Structures with Solvent Evaporation‐Induced Swelling Mismatch
Authors: Guo Gang , Wu Qian , Liu Fengrui , Yin Jun , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang , Qian Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA facile approach is reported for manufacturing morphing hydrogel structures based on solvent‐cast‐assisted printing. Poly(stearyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) (P(SA‐co‐AAc)) ethanol solution is printed into fibers in air, where evaporation of the solvent led to sol–gel transition of the “ink”. The printability of ink can be effectively regulated by polymer concentration (Cp) and nozzle diameter. After swelling the printed structures into water, the alkyl chains of SA units are segregated into hydrophobic domains, crosslinking the tough hydrogels. The swelling ratio and mechanical properties of printed gel varied with evaporation time before being swollen in water. Smooth hydrogel fibers with a diameter of ≈200 µm and good mechanical properties can be obtained by evaporating 70–80 wt% of the solvent in 1 h. The upper layer of printed fibers, undergoing less evaporation period, exhibits higher swelling ratio yet reduced modulus than the bottom one. Using this swelling mismatch, diverse morphing hydrogel constructs are achieved by controlling the printed patterns. After swelling, these hydrogel constructs show controllable deformations with bioinspired morphologies. This facile strategy could be applicable for the printing of other tough physical hydrogels that are soluble in low boiling‐point solvents, with controllable architectures and morphing capacity under external stimuli.
Optimized Photoclick (Bio)Resins for Fast Volumetric Bioprinting
Authors: Rizzo Riccardo , Ruetsche Dominic , Liu Hao , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVolumetric printing (VP) is a light‐mediated technique enabling printing of complex, low‐defect 3D objects within seconds, overcoming major drawbacks of layer‐by‐layer additive manufacturing. An optimized photoresin is presented for VP in the presence of cells (volumetric bioprinting) based on fast thiol–ene step‐growth photoclick crosslinking. Gelatin‐norbornene (Gel‐NB) photoresin shows superior performance, both in physicochemical and biocompatibility aspects, compared to (meth‐)acryloyl resins. The extremely efficient thiol–norbornene reaction produces the fastest VP reported to date (≈10 s), with significantly lower polymer content, degree of substitution (DS), and radical species, making it more suitable for cell encapsulation. This approach enables the generation of cellular free‐form constructs with excellent cell viability (≈100%) and tissue maturation potential, demonstrated by development of contractile myotubes. Varying the DS, polymer content, thiol–ene ratio, and thiolated crosslinker allows fine‐tuning of mechanical properties over a broad stiffness range (≈40 Pa to ≈15 kPa). These properties are achieved through fast and scalable methods for producing Gel‐NB with inexpensive, off‐the‐shelf reagents that can help establish it as the gold standard for light‐mediated biofabrication techniques. With potential applications from high‐throughput bioprinting of tissue models to soft robotics and regenerative medicine, this work paves the way for exploitation of VPs unprecedented capabilities.
Advances in Catalytic Applications of Zeolite‐Supported Metal Catalysts
Authors: Sun Qiming , Wang Ning , Yu Jihong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZeolites possessing large specific surface areas, ordered micropores, and adjustable acidity/basicity have emerged as ideal supports to immobilize metal species with small sizes and high dispersities. In recent years, the zeolite‐supported metal catalysts have been widely used in diverse catalytic processes, showing excellent activity, superior thermal/hydrothermal stability, and unique shape‐selectivity. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the state‐of‐the‐art achievements in catalytic applications of zeolite‐supported metal catalysts are presented for important heterogeneous catalytic processes in the last five years, mainly including 1) the hydrogenation reactions (e.g., CO/CO2 hydrogenation, hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, and hydrogenation of nitrogenous compounds); 2) dehydrogenation reactions (e.g., alkane dehydrogenation and dehydrogenation of chemical hydrogen storage materials); 3) oxidation reactions (e.g., CO oxidation, methane oxidation, and alkene epoxidation); and 4) other reactions (e.g., hydroisomerization reaction and selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia reaction). Finally, some current limitations and future perspectives on the challenge and opportunity for this subject are pointed out. It is believed that this review will inspire more innovative research on the synthesis and catalysis of zeolite‐supported metal catalysts and promote their future developments to meet the emerging demands for practical applications.
Asymmetric Elimination Reaction on Chiral Metal Surfaces
Authors: Stolz Samuel , Danese Martina , Di Giovannantonio Marco , Urgel José I. , Sun Qiang , Kinikar Amogh , Bommert Max , Mishra Shantanu , Brune Harald , Gröning Oliver , Passerone Daniele , Widmer Roland 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe production of enantiopure materials and molecules is of uttermost relevance in research and industry in numerous contexts, ranging from nonlinear optics to asymmetric synthesis. In the context of the latter, dehalogenation, which is an essential reaction step for a broad class of chemical reactions, is investigated; specifically, dehalogenation of prochiral 5‐bromo‐7‐methylbenz(a)anthracene (BMA) on prototypical, chiral, intermetallic PdGa{111} surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Asymmetric halogen elimination is demonstrated by combining temperature‐programmed X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and density functional theory. On the PdGa{111} surfaces, the difference in debromination temperatures for the two BMA surface enantiomers amounts up to an unprecedented 46 K. The significant dependence of the dehalogenation temperature of the BMA surface enantiomers on the atomic termination of the PdGa{111} surfaces implies that the ensemble effect is pronounced in this reaction step. These findings evidence enantiospecific control and hence promote intrinsically chiral crystals for asymmetric on‐surface synthesis.
Investigation of the Effect of 3D Meniscus Geometry on Fluid Dynamics and Crystallization via In Situ Optical Microscopy‐Assisted Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Chan , Seo Hyeji , Lee Minho , Kim Dongjae , Lee Hyeon Seok , Park Hyunmin , Ball Nathaniel , Woo Junhee , Kim Su Yeong , Nam Jaewook , Park Steve 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolution‐based thin‐film solidification is a complex process involving various transport phenomena that are intricately dependent on multiple experimental parameters. The difficulty of analyzing this process experimentally or conducting exact numerical simulation make it challenging to understand, predict, and control the solidification process. In this work, a simple and effective technique to analyze the thin‐film solidification process during solution shearing, based on 3D geometrical model of the meniscus, is proposed. The 3D meniscus geometry, which changes depending on the experimental parameters, is attained using high‐speed side‐view and top‐view in situ microscopy. Thereafter, mass and momentum transport mathematical models are applied to obtain numerical solutions of transport phenomena within the meniscus. Utilizing these results, the underlying mechanism of dendritic growth of small molecule organic semiconductor is elucidated, which has previously been unknown. The 3D meniscus modeling is particularly important for this analysis, as dendrite formation is strongly dependent on the meniscus geometry near the contact line and mass transport variation perpendicular to the coating direction. This technique enables the study of complex relationship between experimental parameters and solidification process, which is widely applicable to various materials and coating systems; whereby, better understanding of thin‐film growth and device performance optimization is possible.
Dense Silicon Nanowire Networks Grown on a Stainless‐Steel Fiber Cloth: A Flexible and Robust Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Imtiaz Sumair , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Storan Dylan , Kapuria Nilotpal , Geaney Hugh , Kennedy Tadhg , Ryan Kevin M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilicon nanowires (Si NWs) are a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity. Achieving adequate mass loadings for binder‐free Si NWs is restricted by low surface area, mechanically unstable and poorly conductive current collectors (CCs), as well as complicated/expensive fabrication routes. Herein, a tunable mass loading and dense Si NW growth on a conductive, flexible, fire‐resistant, and mechanically robust interwoven stainless‐steel fiber cloth (SSFC) using a simple glassware setup is reported. The SSFC CC facilitates dense growth of Si NWs where its open structure allows a buffer space for expansion/contraction during Li‐cycling. The Si NWs@SSFC anode displays a stable performance for 500 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of >99.5%. Galvanostatic cycling of the Si NWs@SSFC anode with a mass loading of 1.32 mg cm−2 achieves a stable areal capacity of ≈2 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C after 200 cycles. Si NWs@SSFC anodes with different mass loadings are characterized before and after cycling by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to examine the effects of Li‐cycling on the morphology. Notably, this approach allows the large‐scale fabrication of robust and flexible binder‐free Si NWs@SSFC architectures, making it viable for practical applications in high energy density LIBs.
Simultaneously Blocking Chemical Crosstalk and Internal Short Circuit via Gel‐Stretching Derived Nanoporous Non‐Shrinkage Separator for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Youzhi , Liu Xiang , Ren Dongsheng , Liang Hongmei , Wang Li , Hu Qiao , Cui Hao , Xu Hong , Wang Jianlong , Zhao Chen , Zuo Xiaobing , Xu Gui‐Liang , Amine Khalil , He Xiangming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe separator, an ionic permeable and electronic insulating membrane between cathode and anode, plays a crucial role in the electrochemical and safety performance of batteries. However, commercial polyolefin separators not only suffer from inevitable thermal shrinkage at elevated temperature, but also fail to inhibit the hidden chemical crosstalk of reactive gases such as O2, leading to often reported thermal runaway (TR) and hence preventing large‐scale implementation of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, a nanoporous non‐shrinkage separator (GS‐PI) is fabricated via a novel gel‐stretching orientation approach to eliminate TR. In situ synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering during heating clearly shows that the as‐prepared thin GS‐PI separator exhibits superior mechanical tolerance at high temperature, thus effectively preventing internal short circuit. Meanwhile, the unique nanoporous structure design further blocks chemical crosstalk and the associated exothermic reactions. Accelerating rate calorimetry tests reveal that the practical 1 Ah LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622)/graphite pouch cell using GS‐PI nanoporous separator show a maximum temperature rise (dT/dtmax) of only 3.7 °C s−1 compared to 131.6 °C s−1 in the case of Al2O3@PE macroporous separator. Moreover, despite the reduced pore size, the GS‐PI separator demonstrates better cycling stability than conventional Al2O3@PE separator at high temperature without sacrificing specific capacity and rate capability.
Flexible Dual‐Parameter Sensor Array without Coupling Based on Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Xue Xianyang , Zhao Tingting , Tian Xueming , Yuan Li , Wang Zhigan , Li Tongkuai , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe skin‐like temperature–pressure sensing capabilities are fundamental features for the next‐generation artificial intelligence applications, such as human–machine interactions and soft robotics. The previous studies on sensing devices have focused on single‐point pressure or temperature sensing, whereas detecting the distributions of pressure and temperature simultaneously still remain challenging. In this article, a flexible dual‐parameter sensor array based on amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) is proposed. In the proposed array, the decoupling of pressure and temperature perceptions is realized by optimizing the combination of MXene and carbon nanotubes in the form of hybrid films based on a difference in the temperature coefficient. The amplification of the sensing signal and scale sensor array is achieved by using the a‐IGZO TFT‐based cross‐active matrix addressing design. After being amplified by TFTs, the pressure and temperature sensors exhibit satisfactory sensitivity. Further, a 7 × 4 pressure array and a 6 × 4 temperature array are alternately integrated on a 5 cm × 5 cm area, thus achieving spatial distribution mapping of the pressure and temperature signals simultaneously without interference. The proposed design has a potential application in the field of multifunctional electronic skin.
Side by Side Alignment of Donors Enabling High‐Efficiency TADF OLEDs with Insensitivity to Doping Concentration
Authors: Liu Zhiwen , Li Ganggang , Liu He , Zhou Changjiang , Li Kai , Wang Zhiming , Yang Chuluo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDoping sensitivity is a great obstacle in boosting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐based organic light‐emitting diodes into practical application. Herein, a “side by side” donor alignment strategy is proposed to achieve decent electroluminescence performance under high doping concentration by studying the structure–property relationship of two emitters D2T‐TRZ and D2Y‐TRZ. D2T‐TRZ containing parallel aligned donors shows high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) and short delayed lifetime (τd) in both doped and neat films, which endow its excellent performances with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmaxs) higher than 22% under wide doping range of 10–70 wt%. While, composed of antiparallel acridans, D2Y‐TRZ presents good PLQY and relatively long τd when diluted in host matrix, but undergoes severe quenching in neat films. Consequently, D2Y‐TRZ achieves lower EQEmaxs of 14.9–16.4% within narrow range of 10–40 wt%. This result reveals parallel aligned donors as a better choice to design TADF emitters inert to doping concentration.
Ion‐Conducting Hydrogels and Their Applications in Bioelectronics
Authors: Dechiraju Harika , Jia Manping , Luo Le , Rolandi Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBioelectronics focuses on the interface between biological systems and electronics. Most biological systems are soft and wet, while electronics are typically hard and dry. Information in the form of charge is carried by electrons and holes in electronics, while ions and charged molecules are the charge carriers in biological systems. As such, finding the right material for the bioelectronic interface is challenging. Hydrogels are water swollen porous polymer networks and, similarly to biological systems, hydrogels are wet, soft, and ion conducting. These properties make hydrogels an ideal choice for the bioelectronic interface between electronics and biological systems. This review focuses on polyelectrolyte hydrogels, a class of hydrogels that has fixed charges as part of the polymer network. In order to maintain charge neutrality, these charges attract mobile ions of the opposite charge in the water swollen pores. These mobile ions give the hydrogels selective ionic conductivity. Here, it is discussed brief fundamentals of hydrogels, ionic conduction mechanism and optimization of the conductivity, and applications in bioelectronic sensors and mechanical actuators.
Facile Atomic‐Level Tuning of Reactive Metal–Support Interactions in the Pt QDs@ HF‐Free MXene Heterostructure for Accelerating pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pang Sin‐Yi , Io Weng‐Fu , Hao Jianhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSupported metallic nanoparticles render highly tunable physical and chemical properties to mixed‐dimensionality materials in electrocatalysts. However, some supports are susceptible to being dissolved in acidic solution or are unstable in ambient air. The development of high‐performance catalysts has been facing the major hurdles of the sluggish activity in alkaline solution and requesting high energy to stabilize the nanoparticles on their supports, challenging the pH‐universality and the applicability of the supported metallic nanoparticles. Here, a one‐step strategy is proposed to modulate the growth of Pt quantum dots (QDs) on HF‐free MXene under atomic‐level by a low‐temperature metal–support interaction reaction. By controllable tailoring in the morphology and strain induced by terminations, Pt (111) QDs with a sub‐nanoscale size of 1.15 nm are grown as 0D/1D heterostructure to overcome the restrictions of employing reduction gas and high annealing temperature. The catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 33.3 mV for acidic solution, while 65.1 mV for alkaline solution at a specific current density of 10 mA cm−2. This study not only paves a scalable pathway to developing cost‐efficient catalysts in moderate conditions, but also demonstrates an effective surface modulation strategy for 0D/1D heterostructures.
Intercropping red clover with intermediate wheatgrass suppresses weeds without reducing grain yield
Authors: Law Eugene P. , Wayman Sandra , Pelzer Christopher J. , DiTommaso Antonio , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey] is the first commercially produced perennial grain crop in the United States. Intercropping legumes with IWG has the potential to enhance dual‐purpose grain and forage production and contribute to weed control in organic management systems. We compared IWG with annual winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in monoculture and intercropped with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in a 3‐yr experiment in central New York. Grain yield of IWG was lower than wheat in all years, partly due to lower tiller fertility and seed size in IWG. Compared with grain yield of 1,212 kg ha–1 in the first year, IWG grain yield was 83% (202 kg ha–1) and 64% lower (441 kg ha–1) in the second and third years, respectively. Intermediate wheatgrass straw production increased 40% from 5,541 to 7,785 kg ha–1 over 3 yr while wheat straw yield declined from 5,167 to 3,533 kg ha–1. Red clover did not affect grain or straw yield of either crop but reduced weed biomass and weed species richness. Weed communities in IWG plots were dominated by perennial grasses by the second year of production, whereas annual weeds were dominant in wheat throughout the experiment. Preventing establishment of perennial weeds that will persist in perennial grain cropping systems should be a management priority. High forage production observed when comparing IWG and wheat suggest opportunities for including IWG in integrated crop–livestock systems where IWG's higher forage yield and quality has higher utility.
Gd‐Ni‐Sb‐SnO2 electrocatalysts for active and selective ozone production
Authors: Lansing James L. , Zhao Lingyan , Siboonruang Tana , Attanayake Nuwan H. , Leo Angela B. , Fatouros Peter , Park So Min , Graham Kenneth R. , Keith John A. , Tang Maureen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirect electrochemical production of dissolved ozone could potentially provide economic wastewater treatment and sanitation or a valuable chemical oxidant. Although Ni‐Sb‐SnO2 electrocatalysts have the highest known faradaic efficiencies for electrochemical ozone production, the activity and selectivity are not yet sufficient for commercial implementation. This work finds that co‐doping Ni and Gd increases the ozone selectivity by a factor of three over Ni alone. These findings are the first demonstration of an active dopant other than Ni in SnO2. Electrochemical and physical characterization show that trends in ozone activity are caused by chemical catalysis, not morphology effects, and that conduction band alignment is not a catalytic descriptor for the system. Selective radical quenching experiments and quantum chemistry calculations of thermodynamic energies suggest that the kinetic barriers to form solution‐phase intermediates are important for understanding the role of dopants in electrochemical ozone production.
Short‐ and long‐term consequences of genome doubling: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Clo Josselin , Kolář Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseWhole‐genome duplication (WGD) is ubiquitous in plants. Recent reviews and meta‐analyses, aiming to understand how such phenotypic transition could facilitate neopolyploid establishment, demonstrated multifarious immediate effects of WGD on fitness and reproductive traits. Yet, little is known about how short‐term modifications evolve through time. Such a comparison among new and established polyploid lineages is crucial to understand which effects of WGD promote or impede polyploid survival.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis to determine how WGD affects morphological, cellular, and fitness traits in autotetraploid individuals compared to their diploid progenitors. We studied how established tetraploids differed from diploids compared to neotetraploids, to further learn about the fate of WGD‐associated phenotypic effects during polyploid establishment.ResultsThe short‐term effects of WGD were an increase in size of morphological traits and cells, accompanied by a decrease in fitness and the number of cells. After establishment, the morphological effect persisted, but cellular and fitness components reverted back to the values observed in the diploid ancestors.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the larger morphology of autotetraploids is not a constraint to establishment. However, other observable effects of genome doubling disappeared with time, suggesting that solving cellular and fitness constraints are critical aspects for polyploid establishment.