bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of geopolymers based on mechanically activated low‐calcium iron‐rich fly ash
Authors: Kalinkin Alexander M. , Gurevich Basya I. , Kalinkina Elena V. , Semushin Vasiliy V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, the processes occurring during geopolymerization of low‐calcium iron‐rich (19.3% Fe2О3) fly ash (FA) mechanically activated in a planetary mill were investigated. Sodium hydroxide solution was used as an alkaline agent and curing was at 20 ± 2°C. Analysis of the initial and mechanically activated FA by selective acid dissolution method showed that after mechanical activation (MA) for 180–400 s the total reactive SiО2 and Al2О3 increased by 1%–2% while the total reactive Fe2О3 more than doubled. The compressive strengths of the geopolymers prepared using the FA mechanically activated for 0, 180, and 400 s were 1.8, 15.0, and 14.0 MPa, respectively, after curing for 28 days. Considerably greater compressive strength of the geopolymers based on the mechanically activated FA was explained by the higher reactivity of the FA induced by MA. This was evidenced by analyses of the geopolymers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. As shown by microprobe analysis, the geopolymers synthesized using the mechanically activated FA were characterized by considerably higher iron oxide content in the aluminosilicate hydrogel than the geopolymers prepared using the initial FA. The advantage of MA was not only to increase the overall reactivity of FA but also to include Fe in the geopolymerization process, which improved the geopolymer strength.
Numerical investigation on sealing performance of drainage pipeline inspection gauge crossing pipeline elbows
Authors: Jiang Jinxu , Zhang Hong , Ji Beilei , Yi Feining , Yan Feng , Liu Xiaoben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) is routinely passed throughout the long‐distance oil and gas pipelines by pipeline operators to clean the pipeline. Sealing performance is a significant evaluation index for PIG's safety operation. To comprehensively evaluate the PIG's seal performance, nonlinear finite element models were developed, and parametric analysis was conducted in this study. The accuracy of simulation model was validated from numerical and experimental results reported in the literature. The results show that comparing with the pigging in straight pipes, the sealing rubber cups of PIGs can be more easily detached from the pipe wall when passing through elbows, causing smaller sealing areas. For a typical elbow (with curvature radius equals to six times of pipe diameter) widely used in pipeline industry, the minimum sealing area of rubber cup is only 8.07% during common operation conditions. The sealing ability of rubber cups can be obviously enhanced by increasing the curvature radius for the pigging operation of small curvature elbow. Elbow radius slightly affects the cup's sealing behavior when the curvature radius is over six times of pipe's outer diameter. An increment in sealing cup interference can increase the contact area between cup and pipe wall, and the blockage risk of PIGs will be reduced due to the good sealing ability and sufficient driving force. The minimum interference required for the cups is 4% under a most common operation condition; that is, the sealing cup thickness, fluid pressure difference, and friction coefficient are 35 mm, 0.02 MPa, and 0.3, respectively. A proper decrease in sealing cup thickness will reduce the stiffness of rubber cups, indicating that the cups with a smaller thickness are more prone to deformation. Thus, an increase in differential pressure over PIG can enhance the sealing performance of cups when the cups are separated from pipe wall. A large friction coefficient is risky for a safe pigging due to the decrease in sealing region with the increase in friction coefficient. In engineering practice, proper measures should be taken to reduce friction force. Above all, the results obtained in this study provide a reference for the structural design of PIGs.
Effects on Life-History Traits of Hypogastrura viatica (Collembola) Exposed to Imidacloprid Through Soil or Diet
Authors: Kristiansen Silje Marie , Borgå Katrine , Rundberget Jan Thomas , Leinaas Hans Petter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Collembola (springtails) are important members of soil communities worldwide by contributing to degradation of organic matter. In nature, Collembola might be exposed to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, which is fairly persistent in soil. We exposed the widespread Hypogastrura viatica to imidacloprid through soil or food and monitored the animals during exposure and a post exposure period. We recorded effects on life-history traits affecting individual fitness, that is, mortality, behavioral activity, several reproduction traits, and molting frequency. Exposure through soil led to a concentration-dependent mortality, while the mortality from dietary exposure possibly reflected reduced feeding activity. The body burden of imidacloprid in the Collembola did not differ between treatments. We found no sign of recovery in behavioral activity following exposure in either experiment. The egg production of H. viatica was not significantly affected by imidacloprid at 0.01 mg/kg dry soil but showed a tendency to reduce number of eggs per batch and reduced hatching success. At higher concentrations, reproduction was close to, or completely, stopped. The molting frequency decreased during exposure, while in the post exposure period, we saw milder effects at the highest concentrations, suggesting elimination through molting or reduced toxic response as a result of reduced feeding activity. Overall, H. viatica was more sensitive to imidacloprid than previously studied Collembola, which highlights the importance of considering species sensitivities when risk-assessing soil environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3111–3122. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Imidacloprid resulted in different mortality patterns between soil and dietary exposure; it reduced hatching success and inhibited molting at a normal rate.
Smoking behavior and circulating vitamin D levels in adults: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhao Hang , Liu Ke , Wang Yichao , Liu Qianqian , Sun Tiantian , Chen Shuchun , Ren Luping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo determine the effect of smoking on circulating vitamin D in adults, we performed a meta‐analysis. Literature before 9 May 2021 was retrieved from electronic literature databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two researchers against the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and JBI Evidence‐based Health Care Centre criteria. All eligible studies and statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14. Twenty‐four studies with 11,340 participants meeting the criteria were included in the meta‐analysis. The results of meta‐analysis showed that the level of circulating 25(OH)D in smokers was lower than that in nonsmokers. A subgroup analysis based on vitamin D supplement use showed that both smokers who used vitamin D supplements and smokers who did not use vitamin D supplements had lower blood 25(OH)D levels compared with the control group. In addition, subjects were divided into different subgroups according to age for meta‐analysis, and the results showed that the serum 25(OH)D level in each subgroup of smokers was lower than that in the control group. This meta‐analysis revealed differences in circulating vitamin D levels between smokers and nonsmokers, with smokers likely to have lower circulating vitamin D levels.
Impact of type and level of stabilizers and fermentation period on the nutritional, microbiological, and sensory properties of short‐set Yoghurt
Authors: Eze Chinazom Martina , Aremu Kehinde Oludayo , Alamu Emmanuel Oladeji , Okonkwo Thomas Muoneme 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to produce short set yoghurt with different stabilizers at different concentrations and determine the effects of the stabilizers and length of fermentation on the nutritional, microbiological, and sensory properties of short set yoghurt. Stabilized yoghurt samples were produced using 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% concentrations of carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC), corn starch, and gum acacia with different fermentation periods (1–5 hr), respectively. Samples were analyzed for the proximate, physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties using standard laboratory methods. Results showed that an increase in stabilizer concentration and fermentation time decreased the moisture content but increased the total solids, protein, fat, ash, sugars, pH level, and total titratable acidity. The viscosity of the yoghurt samples significantly (p < .05) increased with the addition of stabilizers (1.48 ± 0.03 cP to 275.57 ± 4.08 cP), with CMC having the highest increase (p < .05) and gum acacia the least. However, the lactic acid production reduced as the concentration of stabilizers increased but showed an increase with fermentation time. The total viable count (TVC) reduced significantly (p < .05) with an increase in the concentration of stabilizer and fermentation time. Hence, short set yoghurt samples containing CMC yielded highest protein (0.5%), fat (1.0%), and ash contents (1.0%). Yoghurt samples produced with a 1.0% concentration of gum acacia gave an optimum pH (0.5%), TTA, mouthfeel, appearance, flavor, and taste. In contrast, yoghurt produced with corn starch produced the most desirable overall acceptability, viscosity, total solids at 1.0%, and TVC (at 0.5%) concentration.
Optimization of acid gas injection to improve solubility and residual trapping
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Qi , Wei Xiaochen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn acid gas injection, the solubility and residual trapping of acid gas can be effectively improved by optimizing the acid gas injection, which is important for short‐term storage of acid gas and reducing the risk of acid gas leakage. The current study numerically investigates three different acid gas injection schemes, namely continuous acid gas injection, intermittent acid gas injection, and water alternating gas injection. The results suggest that the continuous acid gas injection with higher injection rate is slightly conducive to the solubility and residual trapping of acid gas. In particular, Continuous injection‐Case1 with a rate of 19 200 Nm3 d−1 reduces mobile acid gas by 1.82% and enhances residual trapping by 1.25%. While the intermittent acid gas injection can hardly improve the solubility and residual trapping of acid gas. Water alternating gas injection scheme shows superior behavior over other schemes. Specially, the Water alternating gas injection‐Case3 with higher water injection rate is the most effective, which can reduce mobile acid gas by 13.66% and enhance solubility trapping by 23.95%. The acid gas plume is funnel‐shaped in the acid gas injection stage. However, in the subsequent water injection stage, the acid gas plume gradually becomes fan shaped. This is because the injected water accelerates the dissolution of the acid gas, causing almost all the rear of the acid gas plume to dissolve in the water. Thus, we conclude that water alternating gas injection scheme can significantly enhance the acid gas trapping and Water alternating gas injection Case 3 is the preferred injection scheme. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health disparity andCOVID‐19—A retrospective analysis
Authors: Sarkar Sanjay , Taylor Archie , Dutta Pratik , Bajaj Meghna , Nash Justin , Ravola Martha , Ievleva Sofia , Llyod Cardarius , Ola Praise , Jenkins Brenita , Sengupta Bidisha , Roy Debarshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 75.7 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2), have been reported so far. Researchers are working relentlessly to find effective solutions to this catastrophe, using genomic sequence‐based investigation, immunological analysis, and more. The role of health disparity has also emerged as an intriguing factor that made a huge impact on the lives of people.MethodsWe analyzed various factors that triggered the health disparity in the United States of America along with the rate of COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, we have also focused on the State of Mississippi, which is suffering from an extreme health disparity. Data have been obtained from publicly available data sources including, Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Mississippi State Department of Health. Correlation analysis of the dataset has been performed using R software.ResultsOur analysis suggested that the COVID‐19 infection rate per 100 000 people is directly correlated with the increasing number of the African American population in the United States. We have found a strong correlation between the obesity and the COVID‐19 cases as well. All the counties in Mississippi demonstrate a strong correlation between a higher number of African American population to COVID‐19 cases and obesity. Our data also indicate that a higher number of African American populations are facing socioeconomic disadvantages, which enhance their chances of becoming vulnerable to pre‐existing ailments such as obesity, type‐2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.ConclusionWe proposed a possible explanation of increased COVID‐19 infectivity in the African American population in the United States. This work has highlighted the intriguing factors that increased the health disparity at the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and C‐reactive protein in non‐fatal suicidal attempts: A cross‐sectional pilot study in Bangladesh
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Karim A. K. M. Bazlul , Hossain Md Faruk , Menon Vikas , Shoib Sheikh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrecise identification of risk factors for suicide has been found as fundamentally challenging for the stakeholders. In search of that, the determination of potential biological markers of suicide has been scrutinizing in recent days. However, replicative studies across the culture and time are warranted to utilize the biomarkers in decision‐making while considering suicide prevention.ObjectivesWe aimed to measure the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in non‐fatal suicidal attempts.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to May 2021. Data were collected from 26 hospitalized patients after an immediate non‐fatal suicidal attempt. We collected blood samples and assessed the complete blood count, NLR, and CRP. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Science version 24.0 and Microsoft Excel software. We performed the independent Mann‐Whitney U test to determine the variations between the groups. A value <.05 was considered as the level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 24.1 (±7.3), more than half of them (n = 19, 73.1%) were female. The mode of attempt was either hanging (n = 13, 50.0%) or poisoning (n = 13, 50.0%). The previous attempt was noted in 12 (46.2%) cases. The mean CRP level was 16.8 (±30.2) mg/L and the mean NLR level was 8.3 (±6.8) for the total sample. Both the CRP and NLR were significantly higher among those who attempted hanging (P = .019 and .001).ConclusionsThe current study revealed preliminary findings on CRP and NLR among non‐fatal suicides in Bangladesh where both of the parameters were significantly higher in non‐fatal hanging.
Effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on unsteady MHD flow of Maxwell nanoliquid over a porous vertical sheet with chemical reaction
Authors: Ali Farhan , Reddy Cherlacola Srinivas , Summayya Nehad , Ahmed Muhammad Faizan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current article is to explore the impact of chemical reactions on magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective flow comprising Maxwell nanomaterial over a vertical porous surface with a convectively heated stretched surface. Heat transfers are also accounted for through thermal radiation. The modeled equations are formulated and transmuted into highly nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations through suitable alteration, which is settled numerically through the Runge–Kutta method along with the shooting technique. The influences of various physical emerging parameters are plotted graphically for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Friction factor, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are plotted and discussed numerically. The outcome shows that the influences of fluid parameter lead to less viscosity and also a reduction in temperature as well as concentrations. The result revelas that enhancing Rd and E are esclated the temperature profile. Moreover, the skin friction and Sherwood number are enhanced against various parameters. Finally, the work of previous literature is compared in limiting cases and achieved an excellent agreement.
Influence of Soret and Dufour on mixed convection flow across a vertical cone
Authors: Meena Om Prakash , Janapatla Pranitha , Srinivasacharya D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis contribution examines the influence of Soret and Dufour on an incompressible viscous fluid flow across a vertical cone. The flow model is framed in the form of mathematical governing equations and a nondimensionalization is performed on them for ease of the numerical computations' examination; the obtained nonsimilarity equations are solved numerically through the bivariate Chebyshev spectral collocation quasi‐linearization method. Outcomes of the flow characteristics, velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction rate, heat, and mass transfer rates are analyzed with the variations of governing parameters, Prandtl number, buoyancy parameter, Schmidt number, buoyancy ratio, Soret and Dufour parameters at various stream‐wise spots of the flow. To certify the exactness of the listed computations, we performed a comparison with prior published computations, which were found with great agreement, and the residual analysis study was also portrayed to reflect the convergence and stability of the adopted numerical technique.
High cholesterol diet activates ER stress mediated apoptosis in testes tissue: Role of α‐tocopherol
Authors: Sozen Erdi , Demirel‐Yalciner Tugce , Koroglu M. Kutay , Elmas Merve Acikel , Ercan Feriha , Ozer Nesrin Kartal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs are enveloped and protected by the Sertoli cells to support germ cells undergoing meiosis to produce haploid gametes. Clearly, induction of apoptosis in seminiferous tubules leads to abnormalities in spermatogenesis and male infertility. Studies demonstrated that increased hyperlipidemia impairs male infertility and spermatogenesis by enhancing seminiferous tubules apoptosis. However, molecular mechanisms underlying high‐cholesterol‐mediated testicular damage remain poorly elucidated. In this scope, we established a rabbit model and investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on high cholesterol diet induced seminiferous tubule apoptosis. Histopatological examinations revealed increased seminifer tubule apoptosis in testes of rabbits fed high cholesterol diet. In addition, phosphorylated forms of IRE1 and PERK, two well‐identified markers of ER stress, were significantly induced in accordance with high cholesterol diet. High cholesterol diet also exhibited CHOP induction in testes, indicating increased ER stress related apoptosis. Supplementation of α‐tocopherol significantly attenuated cholesterol mediated ER stress, and restored seminiferous tubules apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that α‐tocopherol might be capable to reduce testicular damage via ameliorating histopatological features and inhibiting seminiferous tubules apoptosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Encompassing measures of international consumption risk sharing and their link with trade and financial globalization
Authors: Everaert Gerdie , Pozzi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2021

SummaryWe investigate international consumption risk sharing in a panel of 15 industrial economies over the historical period 1875–2016. By considering a rich empirical consumption‐income framework, we document time variation in the sensitivity of consumption growth to idiosyncratic and common shocks but even more so in the size of these shocks. We therefore suggest to measure risk sharing through the use of encompassing variance ratios that take into account all sources of time variation, rather than using the conventional measure that only considers the sensitivity of consumption to idiosyncratic income growth. Using these more encompassing measures, we estimate degrees of international risk sharing that lie above those typically reported the literature and find a closer connection with the trends in trade and financial globalization.
Scutellarein induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer via inhibition of EZH2/FOXO1 signaling
Authors: Lang Xiao , Chen Zheng , Yang Xingyu , Yan Qi , Xu Manfei , Liu Wei , He Qin , Zhang Yue , Cheng Weiwei , Zhao Wenxia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScutellarein, a flavone found in the perennial herb Scutellaria baicalensis, has antitumorigenic activity in multiple human cancers. However, whether scutellarein can attenuate ovarian cancer (OC) is unclear. This study investigated the effects of scutellarein in OC. In vitro cell viability was assessed using MTT assay whereas proliferation was assessed using 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by an Annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. Wound‐healing and Transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion. The differential expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was measured by Quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot analysis. We found that scutellarein inhibited viability, migration, invasion of A2780 and SKOV‐3 cells, and reduced the expression of EZH2 in OC cells. In addition, FOXO1 was downregulated in OC tissues and cells and negatively regulated by EZH2. Also, scutellarein inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, scutellarein alleviates OC by the regulation of EZH2/FOXO1 signaling.
Paclobutrazol exposure induces apoptosis and impairs autophagy in hepatocytes via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Yun , Lu Shan , Sun Xiao , Gao Ye , Sun Guibo , Yang Meihua , Sun Xiaobo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPaclobutrazol (PBZ), one of the most widely used plant growth retardants in vegetables, fruits, and traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, exposes people to adverse events. In this study, HepaRG hepatocytes were cultured and exposed to PBZ (360 μM) in vitro to determine its mechanism. Results showed that PBZ exposure inhibited cell viability in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner and increased the oxidative stress and apoptosis ratio in HepaRG cells. These data revealed that the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has an important role in PBZ‐induced cell apoptosis, which is mediated by impaired autophagy and blocked by the AMPK activator. In conclusion, PBZ exposure induces apoptosis and impairs autophagy in hepatocytes via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.