bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide and bicarbonate accumulation in caiman erythrocytes during diving
Authors: Bautista Naim M. , Damsgaard Christian , Fago Angela , Wang Tobias 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The ability of crocodilian haemoglobins to bind HCO3– has been appreciated for more than half a century, but the functional implication of this exceptional mechanism has not previously been assessed in vivo. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to address the hypothesis that CO2 primarily binds to haemoglobin, rather than being accumulated in plasma as in other vertebrates, during diving in caimans. Here, we demonstrate that CO2 primarily accumulates within the erythrocyte during diving and that most of the accumulated CO2 is bound to haemoglobin. Furthermore, we show that this HCO3– binding is tightly associated with the progressive blood deoxygenation during diving; therefore, crocodilians differ from the classic vertebrate pattern, where HCO3– accumulates in the plasma upon excretion from the erythrocytes by the Cl–/HCO3– exchanger.
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Molecular Architectures Utilizing Self-assembled Monolayers for Singlet Fission and Light Energy Conversion
Authors: Hasobe Taku 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid molecular architectures utilizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic chromophores (e.g., acene derivatives) are systematically discussed to examine the photophysical properties together with covalently-linked dimeric and oligomeric forms. Multi-exciton generation (i.e., singlet fission) and light energy conversion processes that occur in a reaction site composed of chemically modified organic chromophores on the surface of inorganic nanomaterials such as gold nanocluster, gold nanorod and quantum dot are described.
Bezold’s abscess secondary to os tympanicum cholesteatoma in Goldenhar syndrome
Authors: Minerva Matteo , Valeggia Silvia , Fusetti Stefano , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Manara Renzo , Brotto Davide 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The diagnosis of Bezold’s abscess can be challenging especially when craniofacial malformations imply facial and cervical morphological asymmetries. In addition, craniofacial malformations might predispose to the occurrence and atypical diffusion pathways of suppurative processes originating from abnormally developed temporal bone structures. Methods: A 30-year-old female presented with a left laterocervical swelling, worsening over time. The female was affected by Goldenhar syndrome. CT and MRI were performed. Results: CT revealed a dysmorphic os tympanicum and a deep cervical abscess in continuity with its cavity. Drainage of the cervical abscess was performed but a subsequent brain MRI detected a large cholesteatoma that was removed with left lateral petrosectomy. Conclusions: Radiology has a crucial role in the diagnosis and planning of the treatment of Bezold’s abscesses, particularly in syndromic patients. MRI, in this case, helped in diagnosing the presence of the cholesteatoma and consequently appropriately approach the surgical removal.
An international virtual hackathon to build tools for the analysis of structural variants within species ranging from coronaviruses to vertebrates
Authors: Mc Cartney Ann M. , Mahmoud Medhat , Jochum Michael , Agustinho Daniel Paiva , Zorman Barry , Al Khleifat Ahmad , Dabbaghie Fawaz , K Kesharwani Rupesh , Smolka Moritz , Dawood Moez , Albin Dreycey , Aliyev Elbay , Almabrazi Hakeem , Arslan Ahmed , Balaji Advait , Behera Sairam , Billingsley Kimberley , L Cameron Daniel , Daw Joyjit , T. Dawson Eric , De Coster Wouter , Du Haowei , Dunn Christopher , Esteban Rocio , Jolly Angad , Kalra Divya , Liao Chunxiao , Liu Yunxi , Lu Tsung-Yu , M Havrilla James , M Khayat Michael , Marin Maximillian , Monlong Jean , Price Stephen , Rafael Gener Alejandro , Ren Jingwen , Sagayaradj Sagayamary , Sapoval Nicolae , Sinner Claude , C. Soto Daniela , Soylev Arda , Subramaniyan Arun , Syed Najeeb , Tadimeti Neha , Tater Pamella , Vats Pankaj , Vaughn Justin , Walker Kimberly , Wang Gaojianyong , Zeng Qiandong , Zhang Shangzhe , Zhao Tingting , Kille Bryce , Biederstedt Evan , Chaisson Mark , English Adam , Kronenberg Zev , J. Treangen Todd , Hefferon Timothy , Chin Chen-Shan , Busby Ben , J Sedlazeck Fritz 
Published: March 2021

In October 2020, 62 scientists from nine nations worked together remotely in the Second Baylor College of Medicine & DNAnexus hackathon, focusing on different related topics on Structural Variation, Pan-genomes, and SARS-CoV-2 related research. The overarching focus was to assess the current status of the field and identify the remaining challenges. Furthermore, how to combine the strengths of the different interests to drive research and method development forward. Over the four days, eight groups each designed and developed new open-source methods to improve the identification and analysis of variations among species, including humans and SARS-CoV-2. These included improvements in SV calling, genotyping, annotations and filtering. Together with advancements in benchmarking existing methods. Furthermore, groups focused on the diversity of SARS-CoV-2. Daily discussion summary and methods are available publicly at https://github.com/collaborativebioinformatics provides valuable insights for both participants and the research community.
Development of a national stroke audit in Ireland: scoping review protocol
Authors: Bruen Carlos , Merriman Niamh A. , Murphy Paul J. , McCormack Joan , Sexton Eithne , Harbison Joseph , Williams David , Kelly Peter J. , Horgan Frances , Collins Rónán , Ní Bhreacáin Máirín , Byrne Elaine , Thornton John , Tully Collette , Hickey Anne 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Recent advances in stroke management and care have resulted in improved survival and outcomes. However, providing equitable access to acute care, rehabilitation and longer-term stroke care is challenging. Recent Irish evidence indicates variation in stroke outcomes across hospitals, and a need for continuous audit of stroke care to support quality improvement. The aim of this project is to develop a core minimum dataset for use in the new Irish National Audit of Stroke (INAS), which aims to improve the standard of stroke care in Ireland. This paper outlines the protocol for conducting a scoping review of international practice and guidelines in auditing acute and non-acute stroke care. Objective Identify data items that are currently collected by stroke audits internationally, and identify audit guidelines that exist for recommending inclusion of content in stroke audit datasets. Methods and analysis This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We will search the following databases: Medline Ovid; Embase; CINAHL EBSCOHost. Grey literature will also be searched for relevant materials, as will relevant websites. Study selection and review will be carried out independently by two researchers, with discrepancies resolved by a third. Data charting and synthesis will involve sub-dividing relevant sources of evidence, and synthesising data into three categories: i) acute stroke care; ii) non-acute stroke care; and iii) audit data collection procedures and resourcing. Data will be charted using a standardised form specific to each category. Consultation with knowledge users will be conducted at all stages of the scoping review. Discussion This scoping review will contribute to a larger project aimed at developing an internationally benchmarked stroke audit tool that will be used prospectively to collect data on all stroke admissions in Ireland, encompassing both acute and non-acute data items.
Hypertension and diabetes patients’ perspective of challenges and their coping mechanisms in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda – a qualitative study
Authors: Ndejjo Rawlance , Masengere Paineto , Nuwaha Fred , Ddumba Isaac , Bastiaens Hilde , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Musinguzi Geofrey 
Published: March 2021

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of non-communicable diseases is steadily rising amidst a high prevalence of communicable diseases stretching the healthcare system. This study explored hypertension and diabetes patients’ perspective of challenges and their coping mechanisms in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study involved four focus group discussions with 26 patients at four selected health facilities. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and data analysed following the thematic content analysis guided by the semantic approach with the aid of Atlas ti 6.0.15 software. Results: Five themes were identified regarding challenges and coping mechanisms of patients in managing their conditions. 1) Inadequate opportunities for diagnosis, with community screening supporting identification of patients. 2) Accessing care came amidst transport challenges, absence of health workers and the lack of essential supplies for monitoring conditions. Patients borrowed transport funds or trekked to health facilities and some formed groups to contribute resources to buy equipment and supplies. 3) Access to medications was affected by frequent drug stockouts at public health facilities which pushed patients to purchase own drugs or obtain these through friends and networks. However, other patients resorted to cheaper herbal remedies. 4) Monitoring and managing conditions was affected by insufficient knowledge and opportunities for self-monitoring. Information from health workers and experiences from peers bridged the knowledge gap while private facilities or community health workers supported self-monitoring. 5) Adopting changes in behaviour was challenging but patients fitted these within their usual routines and mobilised family members to also adopt lifestyle changes while ignoring those they deemed unrealistic. Conclusions: The coping mechanisms patients adopted to manage their chronic conditions reflects self-care initiatives at the individual and community levels which could be reinforced and supplemented to better support and empower patients as steps are taken to address existing challenges.
Comunidade Raízes da Praia: uma experiência de práticas insurgentes na cidade de Fortaleza
Authors: Freitas Clarissa Sampaio , Arias Manuela Teixeira , Rocha Rachel Teixeira , Figueiredo Lina Garcia de , Roldan Ana Carolina De A. Salas , Nascimento Virgínia 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo trata de uma reflexão teórica e processual a respeito de práticas insurgentes, constituídas pela Ocupação Raízes da Praia, hoje uma comunidade, localizada na orla de Fortaleza, Ceará. O artigo é uma reflexão possibilitada pelo trabalho de assessoria técnica desenvolvida pelo grupo do Programa de Educação Tutorial do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Ceará (ArqPET UFC). Ao longo do texto será descrito o histórico dos 09 anos de ocupação da Comunidade, traçando a dimensão do planejamento popular desenvolvido pelos moradores, com os movimentos urbanos e assessorias, como experiência social potente para solucionar a questão da moradia. Ademais, a reflexão interpreta a capacidade de gestão e produção espacial da Comunidade como uma instância de prática insurgente. Configuram como métodos: plano de ações projetuais, observação participante realizada ao longo de 03 anos e meio de atividade de extensão acadêmica de apoio a Comunidade Raízes da Praia, análises de cartografias e documentos jurídicos e entrevistas realizadas com moradores, apoiadores e advogadas.
Perfil de competências de fisioterapeutas atuantes em unidades de terapia intensiva
Authors: Ceregato Andressa Caroline Lepka , Ribeiro Elaine Rossi , Souza Juliano Mendes de , Aquim Esperidião Elias 
Published: March 2021

O Fisioterapeuta foi incorporado às equipes básicas de unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs) em 1998. Embora as atividades desses profissionais nestas unidades já estejam regulamentadas, e comprovada eficiência terapêutica, sua identidade e reconhecimento parecem não estruturados até o presente momento, assim sugerindo sua construção em curso, por meio de identificação das atribuições e competências. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar o perfil de competências dos fisioterapeutas atuantes em UTIs, e relacioná-lo com as competências apontadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de Fisioterapia. O estudo realizado é do tipo survey, com abordagem quantitativa que utilizou um questionário estruturado, elaborado a partir da análise das DCN do curso de fisioterapia, que foi enviado a 75 fisioterapeutas atuantes em UTIs de 16 hospitais paranaenses, com retorno de 66,6%. Como resultado, aponta-se para um profissional que afirma ter competências essenciais, que age e reage com pertinência perante suas atividades com acerto profissional, de modo valoroso e ético, além de assegurar sua autonomia e segurança. Porém, estes profissionais sugerem não adquirir estas qualidades na formação básica, durante sua graduação. Indicam ainda, que habilidades apontadas pelas DCNs, apesar de se apresentarem reais e vivas para os mesmos, podem não estar sendo contempladas nos cursos de graduação, pois não aparentam ser obtidas durante a graduação, mas, após o início da sua atividade laboral. Concluindo, as respostas dos fisioterapeutas evidenciam a necessidade do contínuo desenvolvimento de competências, a importância da participação do fisioterapeuta na UTI, e a possibilidade de atuação respaldada pela formação profissional de excelência.
<p><strong>A new species of <em>Odontepyris </em>(Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Bethylinae) from East Asia</strong></p>
Authors: ITO RYUDAI , MITA TOSHIHARU 
Published: March 2021

Odontepyris costatus sp. nov. is described from Japan and Taiwan. This new species is most similar to O. formosicola Terayama, 1997 known from Cambodia and Taiwan according to the key to the Eastern Palaearctic Odontepyris. O. costatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from the latter by the relatively small eye and the wide metapectal-propodeal disc. It is also similar to O. telortis Lim & Lee, 2009 known from South Korea, but it is distinguished from O. telortis by the imbricate median area of metapostnotum. The morphological variations and diagnostic characters of the Eastern Palaearctic species are briefly discussed and the modified key to species is provided. Key words: new species, Japan, Taiwan, wing venation
Stabilized photonic links for space applications
Authors: Huang Shouhua , Tjoelker Robert , Zhang Wei , Matsko Andrey 
Published: March 2021

We describe basic principles of operation and report on implementation of a standalone photonic link stabilized using the electronic phase conjugation technique. This method has been demonstrated to improve link stability by more than 2 orders while reducing its size and power consumption compared to other systems. We have demonstrated packaged robust links that achieve a relative frequency instability of

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) at 10 h averaging while the temperature of the fiber was varied with 2°C (15°C) magnitude.
Efficient conversion from spoof surface plasmon polaritons to radiation mode
Authors: Yin Jia-Yuan , Yin Tao , Du Xiao Yu , Ning Yuan , Guo Li-Xin 
Published: March 2021

A direct conversion from spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) to radiation mode is proposed. A modified parallel two-wire SSPP transmission line is the key to the conversion, which is composed of traditional unit cells with slots among them. Taking advantages of the slots, the phase velocity of electromagnetic waves is larger than that of light, leading to the radiation. Both simulated and measured results show that the radiation occurs from 7.6 to 11 GHz, and the radiation angle keeps nearly stable in the whole operating frequency band, which can be predicted by theoretical calculation. The average gain and efficiency is 6.41 dBi and around 90%, respectively. The simple structure with flexibly tunable operating frequency makes the proposed design promising in planar integrated communication systems.
An emergency system for monitoring pulse oximetry, peak expiratory flow, and body temperature of patients with COVID-19 at home: Development and preliminary application
Authors: Motta Leonardo Pereira , Silva Pedro Paulo Ferreira da , Borguezan Bruno Max , Amaral Jorge Luis Machado do , Milagres Lucimar Gonçalves , Bóia Márcio Neves , Ferraz Marcos Rochedo , Mogami Roberto , Nunes Rodolfo Acatauassú , Melo Pedro Lopes de 
Published: March 2021

Background
COVID-19 is characterized by a rapid change in the patient’s condition, with major changes occurring over a few days. We aimed to develop and evaluate an emergency system for monitoring patients with COVID-19, which may be useful in hospitals where more severe patients stay in their homes.

Methodology/Principal findings
The system consists of the home-based patient unit, which is set up around the patient and the hospital unit, which enables the medical staff to telemonitor the patient’s condition and help to send medical recommendations. The home unit allows the data transmission from the patient to the hospital, which is performed using a cell phone application. The hospital unit includes a virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW® environment that can provide a real-time monitoring of the oxygen saturation (SpO2), beats per minute (BPM), body temperature (BT), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Abnormal events may be fast and automatically identified. After the design details are described, the system is validated by a 30-day home monitoring study in 12 controls and 12 patients with COVID-19 presenting asymptomatic to mild disease. Patients presented reduced SpO2 (p<0.0001) and increased BPM values (p<0.0001). Three patients (25%) presented PEF values between 50 and 80% of the predicted. Three of the 12 monitored patients presented events of desaturation (SpO2<92%). The experimental results were in close agreement with the involved pathophysiology, providing clear evidence that the proposed system can be a useful tool for the remote monitoring of patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions
An emergency system for home monitoring of patients with COVID-19 was developed in the current study. The proposed system allowed us to quickly respond to early abnormalities in these patients. This system may contribute to conserving hospital resources for those most in need while simultaneously enabling early recognition of patients under acute deterioration, requiring urgent assessment.
Aspirin desensitization in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease and its outcomes in the clinical course of asthma: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Eraso Isabel , Sangiovanni Saveria , Morales Eliana I. , Fernández-Trujillo Liliana 
Published: March 2021

Background
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) might benefit from aspirin desensitization (AD) as an alternative treatment to standard care. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding its role in bronchial symptoms and asthma exacerbations.

Objective
To analyze the clinical effects of AD in terms of lung function, systemic and inhaled steroid use, the frequency of acute asthma exacerbations, and adverse effects in patients with NERD and asthma.

Methodology
We identified randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and EBSCO. We also searched the RCT references for additional studies. Studies comparing AD to placebo in patients with a previous history of pulmonary symptoms triggered by ASA or other NSAIDs or with a positive provocation test to ASA were included.

Primary results
Five studies with 210 participants with NERD were included in this review. The study duration ranged from 3 to 6 months. Overall, the risk of bias across the included RCTs was low. We identified 3 studies evaluating lung function, 2 of which reported a significant improvement in FEV1 in the AD group after 6 months, while the other reported no difference among the treatments. Due to high heterogeneity, we did not pool the results. The remaining primary outcomes were reported only in a single study each, hindering their interpretation. Secondary outcomes revealed reduced symptom and medication scores in patients with AD.

Conclusions
Due to the small number of studies included in this systematic review, conclusions should be made with caution. AD shows a trend towards improving lung function (FEV1) following 6 months of treatment, although no conclusions can be made regarding the use of corticosteroids or the frequency of acute exacerbations. AD appears to reduce both symptom and medication scores. Additional RCTs are needed to fully assess the efficacy of AD in reducing bronchial symptoms in patients with NERD.
Efficacy and safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-negative immunodeficient patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Rui , Tang Zhiyong , Liu Fu , Yang Ming 
Published: March 2021

Background
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has a significant impact on the mortality of immunocompromised patients. It is not known whether the prophylactic application of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) can reduce the incidence of PCP and mortality in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative immunodeficient population. The safety profile is also unknown. There have been few reports on this topic. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of TMP-SMZ for the prevention of PCP in this population of patients from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.

Methods
A comprehensive search without restrictions on publication status or other parameters was conducted. Clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or case-control trials (CCSs) of TMP-SMZ used for the prevention of PCP in HIV-negative immunocompromised populations were considered eligible. A meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model or Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and reported.

Results
Of the 2392 records identified, 19 studies (n = 4135 patients) were included. The efficacy analysis results indicated that the PCP incidence was lower in the TMP-SMZ group than in the control group (OR = 0.27, 95% CI (0.10, 0.77), p = 0.01); however, the rate of drug discontinuation was higher in the TMP-SMZ group than in the control group (OR = 14.31, 95% CI (4.78, 42.91), p<0.00001). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of mortality between the two groups (OR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.21, 1.37), p = 0.19). The safety analysis results showed that the rate of adverse events (AEs) was higher in the TMP-SMZ group than in the control group (OR = 1.92, 95% CI (1.06, 3.47), p = 0.03).

Conclusions
TMP-SMZ has a better effect than other drugs or the placebo with regard to preventing PCP in HIV-negative immunocompromised individuals, but it may not necessarily reduce the rate of mortality, the rate of drug discontinuation or AEs. Due to the limitations of the research methodologies used, additional large-scale clinical trials and well-designed research studies are needed to identify more effective therapies for the prevention of PCP.