bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axial Shuffling on Pebble Bed Reactor using PRAKTIK 3D-HTR
Authors: Oktavian Muhammad Rizki , Indratoro Ganjar Putro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With moving fuel, the pebble bed reactor (PBR) provides flexibility in the fuel management process due to the capability of online fuel refueling. This capability allows the reactor to operate at any given time without the need to shut down for refueling. The complexity of the depletion and burnup analysis requires the problem to be solved with sophisticated and robust computer codes that can handle the fuel shuffling. Since the fuel refueling is conducted from top to bottom, the shuffling and fuel movement in the axial direction should be modeled with acceptable accuracy. The purpose of the simulation is to obtain the equilibrium or even a critical condition of the reactor. The model used is based on the simplified pebble bed reactor with 200 MWt of thermal reactor power, 3 meters of core diameter, and 10 meters of core height. To model the axial shuffling on the reactor, a neutronic computer code called PRAKTIK 3D-HTR is used. The code utilizes the diffusion method in a three-dimensional cylindrical geometry to model the neutronic phenomena in the reactor. Moreover, PRAKTIK 3D-HTR is equipped with the burnup calculation and depletion analysis to be able to handle fuel movement. Finally, the axial shuffling mechanism is implemented using the once-through-then-out (OTTO) method. Implementing this method to the reactor, an equilibrium condition can be obtained. In this condition, the reactor condition in terms of criticality and flux shape is relatively constant. The critical condition can also be searched using PRAKTIK 3D-HTR to obtain the condition when the multiplication factor is equal to unity. The criticality search is conducted by changing the fuel movement speed. If the multiplication factor is less than 1, then the shuffling speed needs to be increased. Otherwise, if it is more than 1, the shuffling speed will be decreased.
Modeling electricity supply in a small island: A case study in Sebira island, Indonesia
Authors: Vidura Ahmad , Widrian Adil Fajar , Zahra Nyimas Aljaniah , Fakhruddin Muhammad , Kuntjoro Yanif Dwi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sebira is a small island located at the northernmost of the Thousand Islands, Indonesia. The Electricity supply at the island uses an isolated network system for its territory. This study aims to model a system of electrical energy supply in Sebira Island. We explore literature studies related to the electricity supply system to support our model to be more representative. We then describe the system with a Causal Loop Diagram and a Stock Flow Diagram. The current electricity supply comes from solar power plants 400 kWp and three units diesel power plants with capacities of 125 kVA (2 units) and 250 kVA (1 unit). In this model, we consider the variables of population growth, initial investment, electricity shortages, fuel costs, profits, and margins. Furthermore, we create two scenarios in the simulation, with and without additional wave energy. The results show that in a sufficiently long period, the second scenario (with extra wave energy) is more profitable for the electricity supply in Sebira Island; however, it requires more initial investment than the first scenario.
Analysis of Potential and Feasibility of Hydropower Energy from Sepaku Semoi Dam in Penajam Paser Utara Regency
Authors: Nashrulloh Faruq , Sulaiman Muhammad , Budiarto Rachmawan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper will present a techno-economic potential and feasibility analysis in the planning of renewable hydropower energy from Sepaku Semoi Dam in Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) Regency. The dam was planned to be built to support the water needs of Indonesia’s prospective capital. The analysis was done based on the last twenty years’ rainfall intensity data history from Sepaku rain station and Sepinggan rain station and digital elevation model (DEM) from DEMNAS with support of the river basin agency of Kalimantan Timur. The result of dependable discharge calculation of Sepaku Semoi river using FJ Mock Method is 2.45 m/s2. And the head of the hydropower power plant is 15.85 meters. The total potential electricity generated from hydropower reached 2,593,140 kWh/year. The assessment of feasibility indicators in this research took into account the technology and economic aspects. The technology aspects help evaluate the technical planning of installations that are possible to build in the dam. The economic aspect of feasibility evaluates the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and the payback period of renewable energy installation. This analysis aimed to get a comprehensive insight from the potential hydropower energy that exists at the research locations and conduct a feasibility study based on techno-economic analysis to develop renewable energy. The results showed that 15.85 meters had the most significant potential of hydropower by generating 290 kW continuous power with a feed-in tariff of 0.054 USD/kWh. The electricity was feasible to offer to the government electrical company. Moreover, this project had a payback period of 8 years, and NPV of 64,005 USD, and an IRR Project of 11.86%.
The Importance of Site Evaluation Management System on the Site Survey Phase for Constructing Nuclear Power Plant in West Kalimantan
Authors: Widjanarko  , Khotimah Khusnul , Kumaraningrum Anggraini Ratih , Yasmine Hanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Site survey in the potential site of the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) construction is an essential preliminary activity. Site survey has a crucial role in successful NPP construction. Several factors are contributing to a successful site evaluation. One of them is the Site Evaluation Management System (SEMS). Indonesia National Nuclear Regulatory Body (BAPETEN) had stipulated Head of BAPETEN Decree No. 4 the Year 2010, about Management System for Activities and Facilities. A site survey activity needs to adhere to the requirements in the regulation above, consisting of the management system, management’s responsibility, resources management, implementation process, monitoring, measurement, evaluation, and correction. The implementation of SEMS is conducted with the methods of a plan, do, check, and action and applied to these site survey phases: survey planning, survey implementation, survey audit, and survey review. It found that the SEMS implementation with the preliminary risk assessment significantly improves the safety of the site survey activity. The risk assessment result is categorized as follows: acceptable risk, tolerable risk, intolerable risk, and unacceptable risk. The risk assessment was conducted by following site survey activities: seismic, volcanic, meteorologic, hydrologic, geotechnical and foundation, human-induced events, and population distribution and density. It found that the implementation of SEMS with preliminary risk assessments supports the Indonesia energy security, which includes 4A: Availability (the availability of the energy kind), Accessibility (the accessibility to utilize the energy), Affordability, and Acceptability (public’s acceptance to the energy utilization). Site survey activities that meet the Availability criteria are from these aspects: seismic, volcanic, meteorologic, hydrologic, geotechnical, and foundation; while the site survey activities that meet the acceptability criteria are from these aspects: human-induced events, and population distribution and density. The implementation of SEMS has a better impact on the site survey activity when a series of risk assessments is conducted beforehand. It also found that the implementation of SEMS with preliminary risk assessments fulfills the 4A of Indonesia Energy Security: availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability.
Demand and Electricity Energy Mix in Indonesia 2030 with Small Modular Reactor Nuclear Power Plant and Renewable Energy Scenario
Authors: Imani Lazuwardi , Setiawan Ahmad Agus , Ridwan Mohammad Kholid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The interest in small modular reactors worldwide has been increasing due to flexibility in the power generation for more comprehensive users and applications. Small Modular Reactors or SMRs can be the primary choice for Indonesia provided with the geographical condition, which consists of many islands and is more flexible in construction compared to the conventional nuclear power plant. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview projection of demand and energy mix of electrical in Indonesia 2030 with SMRs NPP in the energy mix referring to RUPTL or General Plan of Electricity Supply Indonesia. Using the end-use model, which is total electricity consumption for each electricity sector, it can be calculated how much electricity demand is from these sectors. The scenario uses RUPTL, roadmap from Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry references, and policy of no coal power plant added from 2020 onwards. The results show in 2030, Indonesia needs 577,016.2 GWh of electricity, where the household and industry sectors have the highest electricity needs, which is 44% for the household sector and 31% for the industry. The transformation projection in PLTGU or Combined Cycle Power Plants scenario also shows that without replacing the power plant, renewable along without SMRs only had ±7.49% of the total capacity mix, and the second scenario with SMRs shows that renewable energy share had 16.07%.
Numerical study of the effect of penstock slope on the increase in electric power of micro-hydro system using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Putra Yoga Satria , Noviani Evi , Muhardi  , Azwar Azrul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Micro-hydropower plants have become one of the alternative solutions to meet the electricity needs of people in remote villages that the public electricity company has not reached. However, the performance of a micro-hydro system has to be continuously developed. This research aims to improve the performance of a micro-hydro system by examining the effect of the slope of the penstock on the increase in electrical power. The penstock slope is varied with diverse angles, namely θ = 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, 80 °, and 90 °. Five simulations of water flow in the penstock for five slope angles were constructed using the open-source CFD software, i.e., OpenFOAM. We calculate the electric power for the five simulations aforementioned. The calculation results show that the variation of the penstock slope can affect the increase of the electric power of a micro-hydro system. The highest electric power occurs at a maximum slope, θ = 90 °.
Feasibility Study of Copper-64 Radioisotope Production by Secondary Fast Neutron Bombardment
Authors: Kambali I , Febrianto I R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As a beta and positron emitter, copper-64 (Cu-64) has been coined a theranostic agent in nuclear medicine. Copper-64 is generally produced by bombarding a nickel-64 target with a proton beam via 64Ni(p,n)64Cu nuclear reaction. In this work, secondary fast neutrons are proposed to produce Cu-64 radioisotope via 64Zn(n,p)64Cu nuclear reaction. The secondary fast neutrons were produced by a 10 MeV proton-irradiated primary titanium (Ti) target simulated using the PHITS 3.16 code. In the simulation, the Ti target thickness was varied from 0.01 to 0.1 cm to obtain the optimum secondary fast neutron flux, which was calculated in the rear, radial, and front directions. The Cu-64 radioactivity yield was then computed using the TENDL 2019 nuclear cross-section data. Also, the expected radioactive impurities during Cu-64 production were predicted. The simulation results indicated that the total fast neutron flux resulted from the 10-MeV proton bombarded Be target was 1.70x1012 n/cm2s. The maximum integrated Cu-64 radioactivity yield was 2.33 MBq/µAh when 0.03 cm thick Ti target was shot with 10-MeV protons. The most significant impurities predicted during the bombardment were radioactive isotopes e.g., Co-61, and Zn-65, with the total radioactivity yield estimated to be 0.28 Bq/µAh.
Cobalt Supported on Activated Biochar as Catalyst for Green Diesel Production
Authors: Simanjuntak F S H , Wijaya G H A , Saldi Z S , Dwiatmoko A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Green Diesel (diesel-like hydrocarbon) can be produced from biomass resources that contain fatty acids, such as palm fruit, palm kernel, and soybean, through deoxygenation reaction. In this study, the catalytic activity of cobalt catalyst supported on activated biochar in deoxygenation of fatty acid (stearic acid) is investigated. Stearic acid is used as a model compound of vegetable oil. The obtained results show cobalt supported on activated biochar exhibited higher catalytic activity compared to cobalt supported on unactivated biochar.
Exergy Analysis of Air Conditioning (AC) System in Suite Room Santika Hotel Yogyakarta
Authors: Syas Isnan Yusrian , Ridwan Mohammad Kholid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Air Conditioning are major contributors to energy consumption in-suite room Santika Hotel Yogyakarta. A suite room is a choice of rooms with the best facilities compared to other rooms, so comfort is one of the services that must be optimized. The ain is to determine the conduction heat load of various components in the room. Heat conduction load calculation includes heat load through the glass on the east 1253.18 BTU/hr, conduction heat load through the wall to the south 606.14 BTU/hr, solar radiation through glass 1268.48 BTU/hr, heat gain from people 1980 BTU/hr, electrical equipment/lights 2193 BTU/hr and heat gain from ventilation 13053.6 BTU/hr. The total amount of heat gain used in exergy analysis calculation with a value of 3053.16 BTU/hr.
Species and prevalence of parasitic mites on tree geckos in Purwokerto, Central Java
Authors: Budianto B H , Basuki E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Parasitic mite infections are very common on virtually all organisms including tree geckos. This research was aimed to determine the species and prevalence of parasitic mites infecting tree lizards in Purwokerto, Central Java. This research employed a survey method with a purposive random sampling technique. One hundred individuals of tree lizards were obtained from trees in 4 different sub-districts in Purwokerto. The results showed that from 3 species of tree geckos namely, Hemidactylus platyurus, H. frenatus and H. garnotii, only the last one was not infected by parasitic mites. The prevalence of parasitic mites in H. garnotii was 0%, while in H. frenatus and H. platyurus were 27% and 29%, respectively. The total prevalence of parasitic mites on tree geckos in Purwokerto, Central Java, was 28%. The results showed that there were 5 (five) species of parasitic mites belonging to the genus Geckobia, namely G. keegani, G. gleadovania, G. turkestana, G. simplex and G. diversipilis. The prevalence of G. gleadovania in H. frenatus geckos was 100%, while in H. platyurus geckos, the prevalence of infection by G. diversipilis was also 100%. The most infected body part was the trunk where the prevalence was 57%.
Morphology, histochemical test, potential, and conservation effort of Alpinia warburgii K. Schum., a native species to Sulawesi
Authors: Trimanto  , Hapsari L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlpinia warburgiiis a species of the Zingiberaceae family native to Sulawesi. This study aims to characterize the plant morphology; analyze the anatomical structure, histochemical localization, and secretory cell structure of the rhizome; also discuss the potential and conservation effort of the species. Anatomical study and histochemical tests were observed microscopically using the fresh preparation method and wet mounted slide. Histochemical tests carried out include starch, protein, lipid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid. This study is considered the first report of histochemical tests onA. warburgii. The main morphological characteristics ofA. warburgiiare perennial herbaceous; inflorescence terminal and raceme; flowers white, labellum obovate with red lines in the middle, and flanked by light green edges; fruit globose, green when young and yellow when ripe. The rhizome anatomical structure comprises the epidermis, endodermis, hypodermis, parenchyma, cortex, and vascular bundles, classified as closed collateral type. Histochemical tests showed positive localization for starch, protein, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The density of flavonoids secretory cells is higher than tannins and alkaloids, which indicates its potential as medicine to be associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammation, and anticancer. In addition to in-situ, ex-situ conservation effort through propagation is also important to maintain the species.
Diversity of mistletoes and their distribution in Dramaga Campus, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuningtias S , Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mistletoes are flowering plants in the Santalales order that parasitize the branches of trees and shrubs. The objective of this research was to reveal the diversity of mistletoe species and record their distribution within this study site. The study site was Dramaga Campus (240 ha), which consisted of a mosaic of tree plantation, experimental fields, buildings, and a housing complex. Field research was conducted in February-March 2021 by censusing all mistletoes, their distribution, and plant species parasitized by the mistletoes. There were 351 individual mistletoes found, consisted of 5 species: Dendrophthtoepentandra (55.2%), Viscum ovalifolium (32.3%), Scurrula atropurpurea (9.1%), Macrosolen chochinchinensis (2.8%), and Viscum articulatum (0.6%). These mistletoes were found mostly on branches or twigs (99.1%) and few on trunks (0.9%) of 49 tree species (25 families) having an average height of 14.9±4.2m, and diameter 34.11± 22.22cm. Tree species frequently parasitized were Falcataria moluccana (32.8%), followed by Samanea saman (12.5%), and Averrhoa carambola (7.7%). Most mistletoes were found in the open area (99.1%), including on trees between/among buildings and along roads/streets, mainly on the south and southeast part of the campus. The mistletoe attacked in this research location was included in the low category (79.4%).
Newly designed CHS genic primers for four Zingiberaceae species (Alpinia mutica, Alpinia rafflesiana, Hornstedtia leonurus and Scaphochlamys kunstleri)
Authors: Akram S , Ghani N I Ab , Khamis S , Zulkifly S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites. To date, 2000 naturally occurring flavonoids are known present in plants. These diverse groups of antioxidants are abundant in rhizomes and leaves of Zingiberaceae species. Flavonoids are expressed by many genes. The most studied is chalcone synthase (CHS) gene. However, no study has been performed to study CHS gene in four endemic and pharmacological known Zingiberaceae species: Alpinia mutica, Alpinia rafflesiana, Hornstedtia leonurus and Scaphochlamys kunstleri. Furthermore, A. rafflesiana and S. kunstleri are threatened species. Thus, this study aimed to develop new CHS primers for these selected species. A total of 43 sequences of CHS genes belong to Zingiberaceae and Costaceae were retrieved from the NCBI database. Then, BLASTN was used to check sequence similarities of the retrieved CHS sequences to these four studied species, other Zingiberaceae and Costaceae. In follow, all redundant sequences were excluded and 15 sequences were saved as the final dataset. These 15 sequences were used to design genic primers using Primer3 software and in-silico analysed using OligoAnalyzer™ Tool. This study had successfully designed 12 new CHS genic primers. All the primers can be used for future studies to determine the presence and expression of CHS gene in these four species.
Study of a green algae Lobochlamys segnis Strain-019 from peatland
Authors: Susanti H , Nakayama T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Characterization of a green algae Lobochlamys segnis strain 019 using morphological dan phylogenetic study were determined. In this study, contribution of natural nutrients will be evaluated by culturing this strain using Sphagnum peat soil extract in comparing to that of a commercial media for freshwater algae. Based on morphological study, L.segnis strain 019 is a unicellular biflagellate. This Chlamydomonas-like algae possessed a cup shaped to lateral chloroplast with central pyrenoid and a low indistinct papilla. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18 S rDNA indicated that this strain is a member of Lobochlamys subclade, and formed a robust clade (PP = 1.0, BP = 99%) with Oogamochlamys. Strain 019 formed a buble-like colonies covered by mucilage material under agar culture condition. In this study, a moderate acidic condition pH 4.0 was applied for both media due to liquid medium of Sphagnum peat soil extract detected in this pH value. The biomass production, lipid production and fatty acid composition using peat soil extract and AF-6 media are evaluated and discussed.
Microdebris in Echinodea Tripneustes gratilla at Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tanjung J D D , Ilham I , Liza C , Priawandiputra W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Microdebris contamination of marine organism has become a major concern. As a detritivore, Tripneustes gratilla also has the opportunity to be contaminated. This study aims to determine microdebris contamination in T. gratilla, including the form and size of the microdebris. This research was conducted at three islands, i.e. Barrang Lompo, Badi, and Kondong Bali. Ten individuals were collected from each island. The digestive tract of spesies was taken, then H2O2 was added to dissolve the organic matter. Flotation was carried out by adding NaCl. Microdebris was observed using stereo microscope, and selected particle then was analysed by FT-IR Microscope. The abundance of microdebris in T. gratilla was ranged from 3.4 to 14.8 particles/individual. Tripneustes gratilla from Badi Island showed the highest levels, contained 14.8 particles/individual. Fiber and fragment were found in all the samples. Fiber was the most common microdebris and consisted of more than half of the total microdebris in each island, except Barrang Lompo. The most common size of microdebris ranged 0.05-1mm, accounted for 36% of the total microdebris. The particle observed by FT-IR Microscope was identified as cotton. Our results suggest that microdebris pollution have contaminated T. gratilla in the Spermonde archipelago.
Occurrence of microdebris in commercial cephalopod
Authors: Ilham I , Tanjung J D D , Liza C , Priawandiputra W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Modern Fish Market of Muara Baru is one of the largest fish markets in Jakarta, which sells various seafood, including fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and others. Previous studies have revealed microdebris contamination of mollusks, particularly in filter-feeders. However, it has not been widely studied at the predator level in cephalopods. We aim to investigate contamination of microdebris in two commercial species of cephalopod, i.e. Loliolus sumatrensis and Sepia recurvirostra, from the market. The digestive tract of the cephalopod was taken and dissolved by adding H2O2 50% then filtered under a vacuum system. The particles of microdebris were observed with a stereo microscope then several particles were analyzed using an FTIR microscope. The abundance of microdebris in L. sumatrensis was higher (3.8 particles/individual) than the abundance that of microdebris in S. recurvirostra (2.8 particles/individual). The size of microdebris was dominated by three of five size classes such as 0.1 − 0.5 mm, 0.5 − 1 mm, and 1 − 5 mm. Microdebris in L. sumatrensis was confirmed as polypropylene (PP), a synthetic polymer (microplastic), while in S. recurvirostra was confirmed as rayon (semi-synthetic). This research shows that microdebris contamination has reached the level of a predator in Mollusca.