bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contexts and Mechanisms That May Facilitate or Inhibit the Implementation of Assisted Decision-Making Policy With Older People in Acute Care Settings: A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Health and Social Care Professionals, Older People and Family Carers.
Authors: O'Donnell Deirdre , Davies Carmel , Christophers Lauren , Shé Éidín Ní , Donnelly Sarah , Kroll Thilo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Assisted Decision-Making (ADM) legislation in Ireland provides a statutory basis for the right of all individuals, including those with a disability, to be supported to participate as fully as possible in all decisions which affect their lives. ADM with older people who have impaired cognition may prove challenging for acute healthcare services. Methods: A qualitative exploration of the experiences of health and social care professionals, older people with and without a diagnosis of dementia and their family carers (N=39) was conducted. A realist programme theory described by Davies et al.(2019) provided an initial coding framework which was adapted through inductive coding of the accounts. Results: Personalisation was established as the core theme, supported by four additional themes reflecting implementation domains: Environment and Resources, Social Restructuring, Education, Training and Enablement and Culture and Leadership.Conclusions: A restructuring of the social and physical infrastructure of acute settings was found to be necessary to maximise insight, ascertain preferences and assist the decision-making of older people. A cultural climate which fosters personalisation is required alongside the cultivation of risk tolerance, collective leadership and inter-professional collaboration. The adapted programme theory described in this article informs policy and practice planning in Ireland. It also contributes to wider debates internationally on the role of socio-cultural and political contexts for ADM implementation.Patient or Public Contribution: A panel of public representatives of older people were consulted in the development of the grant application. A representative from Alzheimer’s Society Ireland and Family Carers Ireland were project steering committee members guiding design and strategy.
Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisit: Role of Economic Diversity in Environmental Degradation
Authors: Ghazal Raza , Karimi Mohammad Sharif , Javaheri Bakhtiar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Unlike the classical view, a new path of economic growth and development among the emerging and developing nations seems to have distinct impact on environment. Customary patterns of production and consumption have undergone significant changes and the new “growth with non-smoke-staks” has put the developing economies on a path that can change Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) fundamentally. With this view, the current study attempts to examine how these growth patterns among developing world have impacted the degradation of environment. We argue that including income per capita and share of manufacturing would not capture the full growth dynamic of developing and emerging countries and therefore it masks the real impacts on environmental degradation. To this end, we introduce the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) to the model to reflect the full impacts of new growth approaches on CO2 emission levels by using a panel data analyses of 100 emerging and developing countries over 1963-2018 period.Results: The results indicate that complexity of the economies of developing and emerging countries has added to the CO2 emission levels in absolute terms but it has helped to reduce the CO2 intensity. Conclusions: The implications of the findings for developing and developed countries could be quite significant. For advanced economies, a downwardly-shifted Kuznets curve implies that, on one hand, technology transfers have been successful in curbing the environmental degradation of developing economies and, on the other hand, the economic transformation strategies of developing world is working in a sustainable way.
Experimental Analysis of Hydraulic Jump at High Froude Numbers
Authors: Simsek Oguz , Akoz Mevlut Sami , Oksal Nazire Goksu Soydan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The hydraulic jump is a rapid transition state from supercritical to subcritical flow that occurs commonly in rivers, prismatic channels and downstream of spillways. In this study, the characteristics of the hydraulic jump in a stilling basin downstream of the spillway chute channel with the slopes of α = 12o and 30o were investigated experimentally for different Froude numbers of incoming flow, Fr1 = 7, 7.5, 8, 9, 10 and 12, and relative heights of sill in the range of 4 < hs/h1 (S) < 13 (S relative height). In the experiments, in which velocity field measured by laser Doppler Anemometry, it was particularly focused on the effects of both different structural configuration and flow conditions on the hydraulic jump and energy dissipation ratio. Experimental measurements showed that the length of hydraulic jump and the roller zone increases with the decrease of the sill height for α = 12o and 30o. In addition, the length of the hydraulic jump and roller zone increased with decreasing Froude numbers. The turbulence intensity in the jump region was determined to be greater than the turbulence intensity in the region near the bottom of stilling basin. The turbulence intensity, in general, tended to decrease with decreasing Froude number.
A Novel Immune-Related lncRNA Signature predict the Immune Landscape and Prognosis for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cai Zhimou , Chen Lin , Lin Yu , Lei Wenbin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The tumor immune microenvironment is known to play an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Reliable prognostic signatures that could accurately predict immune landscape and survival in HNSCC patients are vitally needed to promote a better individualized and effective treatment.Methods: HNSCC transcriptome data and clinical data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were embedded in our study. The differentially expressed irlncRNAs were identified by differential co-expression analysis, and recognized differently expressed irlncRNA (DEirlncRNA) pairs using univariate analysis. Cox and lasso regression analysis was used to identify DEirlncRNA pairs related to overall survival (OS) and build the prediction model. Then, we compared the areas under curve (AUC) with other published lncRNA signatures, counted the akaike information criterion (AIC) values of 3-year receiver operating characteristic curve, and identified the cut-off point to set up an optimal model for distinguishing the high- or low- risk groups among patients with HNSCC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves and Kaplan–Meier plot curves were used to validate the prediction model. Besides, We then reevaluated them from the viewpoints of clinical factor, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, chemotherapeutics efficacy, and immunosuppressed biomarkers.Results: We built a risk score model based on 18 DEirlncRNA pairs. The risk model is closely related to the OS of HNSCC patients. The hazard ratio (HR) is 1.376 [95% CI (confidence interval) 1.302-1.453] and log-rank P-value < 0.0001. Compared with two recently published lncRNA signatures, DEirLncRNA pairs signature has higher AUC score which showed the better prognostic performance. Additionally, the signature score showed a positive correlation with aggressive outcomes of HNSCC, such as low immunity score, significantly reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration and lowly expressed immunosuppressed biomarkers. However, high-risk groups of patients may have high chemotherapeutics sensitivity.Conclusions: The signature established by paring irlncRNA regardless of expression levels showed a promising clinical prediction value and revealed tumor immune microenvironment in HNSCC patients which might help in distinguishing those who could benefit from anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Novel Metabolites Identified From Bacillus Safensis and Their Antifungal Property Against Alternaria Alternata&nbsp;
Authors: Prakash Jai , Arora Naveen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria offer an effective and eco-sustainable solution to protect crops against phytopathogens. In the present study, Bacillus safensis STJP (NAIMCC-B-02323) from the rhizospheric soil of Stevia rebaudiana showed strong biocontrol activity against phytopathogen, Alternaria alternata. B. safensis STJP produced antifungal volatile organic compounds (AVOC). In the presence of AVOC, there was no conidia germination, mycelium growth was inhibited, and hyphae ruptured as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When mycelium of the fungus from bacterial treated plate was transferred into fresh potato dextrose agar plate, A. alternata could not grow. Extracted AVOC from B. safensis STJP were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total 25 antifungal metabolites were identified by GC-MS analysis having alcohol, alkane, phenol, alkyl halide and aromatic compounds. Five compounds (phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 3-hexadecanol, pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione, 5,10-diethoxy-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-dipyrrolo(1,2-a:1',2'-d)pyrazine and hexadecanoic acid) completely inhibited the mycelium growth, controlling spore formation and conidia germination of A. alternata. This study concluded that AVOC producing B. safensis can be used as a green-fungicide against A. alternata. Bacterial metabolites could pave the way for the development of next generation biopesticide. This can be a reliable technology to enhance the quality and reliability of biopesticides.
Effect of Dividing the Water Transmission Pipe Line in Modeling Residual Chlorine, Case Study: Isfahan Water Transmission Line
Authors: Frozandeh Yasaman , Dehnavi Ali , Shanehsazzadeh Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In assessing the quality of drinking water in transmission and distribution lines, the study on chlorine reactions is of particular importance. Chlorine decay happens in bulk and wall and it is mainly affected by the water age which depends on the transmission line length. Residual chlorine concentration in Isfahan water transmission line (IWTL) is simulated through three decay models, namely the first order, parallel first order and second order single reactant (SR model) which incorporated in EPANET and EPANET MSX, respectively. The results of the models are compared through two approaches, one is the one-part approach (OPA) whereby chlorine decay simulation is performed taking into account the whole line as one section and the second is multi-part approach (MPA) whereby the line is divided into two sections and decay coefficients of chlorine for each section are separately determined. Results show that in the OPA, the SR model in summer and the parallel model in winter are the best kinetic models. While in the MPA, the results of first order model has the same order of accuracy as the more complex models of parallel and SR models. In general, the simple first order model in the MPA applied by EPANET2.0 s/w provides acceptable level of accuracy in compare to the complex models applied in EPANET MSX s/w. The average RMSE volumes are reduced from 0.078 in OPA to 0.029 in MPA in summer and from 0.059 to 0.015 in winter, indicating that the dividing the line in simulation procedure and considering the individual decay coefficient for each part, considerably improves the results, more effectively than the application of advanced decay models.
Efficient Production of Human Hyaluronidase PH20 in HEK293T Cells Using Site Specific Integration
Authors: Ata-abadi Nafiseh Sanei , Dormiani Kianoush , Varnosfaderani Shiva Rouhollahi , Forouzanfar Mahboube , Pirjamali Leila , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Hajidavaloo Reza Moradi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PH20 is hyaluronidase that hydrolyze the glycosidic bond of hyaluronic acid as a major proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices. PH20 is used in the subcutaneous space to increase the dispersion and absorption of co-administered drugs. PH20 is also injected against solid tumors for to better penetration of anticancer agents into the tumor tissue and inhibiting the tumor cell growth. In the present study, we have developed HEK293T stable cell lines secreting His-tagged human recombinant PH20 (rhPH20) in the culture supernatant through the PhiC31 integrase system. The produced rhPH20 was quantify using ELISA and turbidimetric assay and its activity was assessed through treatment of mouse cumulus-oocyte-complex (COCs). Furthermore, we have characterized genomic integration of PH20-containing vectors in one of the isolated clone with the highest levels of rhPH20 production. Our results demonstrated that the secreted rhPH20 in the culture supernatant contained a specific activity of approximately 3.5 IU/ml and it was properly able to denote all mouse oocytes. Consequently, it was revealed that PH20-expressing vectors integrated site-specifically in the PhiC31 pseudo attP sites in the host genome. Taken together, these results confirmed successful application of PhiC31 integrase as a robust approach for production of soluble, active rhPH20 in HEK293T cells.
Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography For Evaluating Palisades of Vogt in Ocular Surface Disorders With Limbal Involvement
Authors: Chen Ying-Yi , Sun Yi-Chen , Tsai Chia-Ying , Chu Hsiao-Sang , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Chang Huai-Wen , Chen Wei-Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has been used to observe the morphology and epithelial thickness of the palisades of Vogt (POV) with satisfactory resolutions. In this study, we used SD-OCT to examine the microstructure of the POV in ocular surface disorders with limbal involvement and to detect subclinical limbal pathologies based on five parameters. Eighteen eyes of 10 patients (2 men and 8 women; mean age, 48.7 ± 14.0 years) with advancing wavelike epitheliopathy (AWE) and 15 eyes of 9 patients (2 men and 7 women; mean age, 30.3 ± 18.2 years) with phlyctenular keratitis/ocular rosacea were recruited. SD-OCT could detect abnormal changes in the POV in 100% of the lesion sites. In presumed-healthy areas of the diseased eyes diagnosed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, SD-OCT detected abnormal changes in the POV in 100% of the eyes in both the AWE and phlyctenular keratitis/ocular rosacea groups. In patients with unilateral disease, abnormal changes in the POV were detected by SD-OCT in 50% and 100% of presumed-healthy eyes diagnosed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in the AWE and the phlyctenular keratitis/ocular rosacea group, respectively. SD-OCT is powerful in detecting POV changes in ocular surface disorders and can provide useful information that cannot be provided by slit-lamp biomicroscopy.
Investigation of Optical Properties for N and F Doped Triangular Shaped Carbon Molecules&nbsp;
Authors: Xu Shuhong , Tan Linfeng , Liu Fan , Cui Yiping , Wang Chunlei , Zhang Rong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Optical properties of N and F doping triangular shaped carbon molecules have been investigated in theory and experiment. The theoretical results showed that carbon molecules with impurity F and Cl have the same characters with pure carbon. Doping N into pure carbon molecule would change the optical rotation at 589nm. For doping N replacing hydrogen atom structures (N-doping 1 and N-doping 2 molecules), the absorption spectra of them are similar to pure carbon molecule. However, for molecules with impurity N atom in benzene ring (N-doping 3 and N-doping 4 molecules), the peaks of wavelength of absorption spectra shift to long wavelength compared to that of pure carbon molecule. Moreover, the delocalization of molecular orbital (MO) is different from pure carbon molecule, which is caused by the impurity N changing the electrons distribution of benzene ring. We have calculated 3 without H and 4 without H molecules which are removing hydrogen atom in nitrogen atom from N-doping 3 and 4. 3 without H and 4 without H molecules have similar optical properties with pure carbon molecule. The results testified that the impurity N and F would not change the optical properties of carbon molecule if impurity did not change the delocalization of all benzene rings.
Apolipoprotein M in High Density Lipoprotein Protects Against Astrocyte Apoptosis Induced By Ischemic Insult Via Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling
Authors: Huang Xiaojia , Zhai Zhiqi , Zhou Ting , Sheng Chengju , Zhou Chao , Deng Linhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) has been reported to be contained in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and bound with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). ApoM-associated HDL exerts protective effects against cell death. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of ApoM-associated HDL on astrocytes following ischemic insult. Primary cultured mouse astrocytes were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by recovery. The astrocytes underwent apoptosis after treatment with OGD for 4 h and recovery for 24 h. The addition of HDL with ApoM attenuated apoptotic cell death, but HDL without ApoM did not show any effect. Free S1P or ApoM-bound S1P promoted cell survival and inhibited apoptosis. Only S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) expression was upregulated and blockage of S1PR1 with specific inhibitor or genetic knockdown of S1pr1 abolished the protective effects. In addition, administration of ApoM containing HDL or free S1P induced activation of Akt and Erk in the astrocytes, and pharmacological inhibition of Akt and Erk rescued cell death after OGD treatment. Taken together, ApoM is required for the protective effects of HDL, which depends on delivery of S1P to S1PR1 by ApoM in HDL, indicating ApoM may be a neuroprotective constituent in plasma.
Deleterious mutation load in diverse cattle breeds of the world
Authors: Subramanian Sankar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Domestication of wild animals results in a reduction in the effective population size and this could affect the deleterious mutation load of domesticated breeds. Furthermore, artificial selection will also contribute to accumulation deleterious mutations due to the increased rate of inbreeding among these animals. The process of domestication, founder population size, and artificial selection differ between cattle breeds, which could lead to a variation in their deleterious mutation loads. We investigated this using the whole genome data from 432 animals belonging to 54 cattle breeds of the world. Our analysis revealed a negative correlation between the genomic heterozygosity and the ratio of amino acid changing diversity to silent diversity. This suggests a proportionally higher amino acid changing Single Nucleotide variants (SNVs) in breeds with low diversity. Our results also showed that breeds with low diversity had more high-frequency (DAF > 0.51) deleterious SNVs than those with high diversity. A reverse trend was observed for the low-frequency (DAF ≤ 0.51) deleterious SNVs. Overall, taurine cattle breeds had more high-frequency deleterious SNVs than indicine (or taurine-indicine hybrid) breeds. However, within taurine breeds European or Northeast Asian taurines had more high-frequency deleterious SNVs than East Asian or African taurine breeds. Similarly, within indicine breeds South Asian indicines had more high-frequency deleterious SNVs than East Asian indicine breeds. All the above observed patterns were reversed for low frequency deleterious SNVs. Some of the variation in the deleterious mutation load observed between different breeds could be attributed to the population sizes of the wild progenitors before domestication. However, the variations observed withing taurine and within indicine breeds could be due to the difference in the extent of inbreeding, strength of artificial selection and/or founding population size. The findings of this study imply that the rate of incidence of genetic diseases might vary between cattle breeds.
Place-based Power Production Deliberations in Saskatchewan: Engaging Future Sustainability&nbsp;
Authors: Hurlbert Margot 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article reports research results from two day deliberative focus groups in three Saskatchewan communities addressing power production planning, in the context of climate change and sustainability. Mixed methods included pre and post-focus group surveys, coding and analysis of discussions, and the creation by each focus group of a strategy for sustainable power production in the future. Results of comparative case study analysis provide strong support for renewables and illustrate place based differences.All communities strongly supported wind, solar and hydroelectricity. Estevan, located in the south of the province in proximity to coal, oil and gas production and coal power generating plants supported coal, and coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS). Saskatoon (situate in the middle of the province) and Regina (the center of government and between the other two) stressed the importance of engaging the public in decision making, education, providing information, and the importance that all costs, risk, benefits across the entire lifespan of the power production source be considered. In contrast, Estevan was concerned about the cost implications of power production source choice across the entire socio-economic system, including the social cost of job loss on the welfare system. Public participation in decision making in Estevan was not a priority. The reflexivity of the focus groups in Estevan brought closer together divergent views and increased support for coal and coal with CCS.
RNA Sensor MDA5 Suppresses LINE-1 Retrotransposition By Regulating The Promoter Activity of LINE-1 5’-UTR
Authors: Yan Jiaxiu , Zhao Yifei , Du Juan , Wang Yu , Wang Shaohua , Wang Qing , Zhao Xu , Xu Wei , Zhao Ke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Type 1 long interspersed elements, or LINE-1, are the only active retroelements in human cells. The retrotransposition process of LINE-1 can trigger the activation of the innate immune system and has been proposed to play a role in the development of several autoimmune diseases, including Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). In contrast, all known AGS-associated proteins, except MDA5, have been reported to affect LINE-1 activity. Thus, MDA5 is likely to also function as a LINE-1 suppressor. Results: MDA5 was found to potently suppress LINE-1 activity in a reporter-based LINE-1 retrotransposition assay. Although MDA5 is an endogenous RNA sensor able to activate the innate immune system, increased interferon (IFN) expression only weakly contributed to MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. Instead, MDA5 effectively reduced the levels of LINE-1 ORF1p and ORF2p, as a result of the MDA5-mediated downregulation of the promoter activity of LINE-1 5’-UTR, and the subsequent generation of LINE-1 RNA. Interestingly, despite MDA5 being a multi-domain protein, the N-terminal 2CARD domain alone is sufficient to inhibit LINE-1 activity. Conclusion: Our data reveal that MDA5 functions as a promoter regulator and suppresses the promoter activity of LINE-1 5’-UTR. Consequently, MDA5 reduces LINE-1 RNA and protein levels, and ultimately inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition. In contrast, MDA5-induced IFN expression only plays a mild role in MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. In addition, the N-terminal 2CARD domain was found to be a functional region for MDA5 upon inhibition of LINE-1 replication. Thus, our data suggest that besides being an initiator of the innate immune system, MDA5 is also an effector against LINE-1 activity, potentially forming a feedback loop by suppressing LINE-1-induced innate immune activation.