bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of low-tier female sex workers who engage in commercial sex with old male clients in Zhejiang province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Pan Xiaohong , Ma Qiaoqin , Jiang Jianmin , Chen Lin , Wang Hui , Zhou Xin , Chen Wanjun 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo characterise low-tier female sex workers (FSWs) who engage in commercial sex with old male clients (OMCs).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwenty-one counties in Zhejiang province, China.ParticipantsA total of 2647 low-tier FSWs who participated in our survey from September to November 2013, and responded to the question regarding whether they engaged in commercial sex with OMCs during the previous month.Main outcome measuresData on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviours, risk perception of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI), ever exposure to an HIV prevention service and degree of self-efficacy regarding condom use were collected via a face-to-face questionnaire administered by trained interviewers.ResultsOf the 2647 participants, 1165 (44.0%) had engaged in commercial sex with OMCs in the previous month. Low-tier FSWs working out of roadside shops, those who had engaged in sex work for longer, those with a larger number of clients, those who had engaged in anal or oral sex during the previous month, those currently using contraception measures, those who had STI symptoms and those who had been exposed to HIV prevention services during the previous 6 months were more likely to engage in commercial sex with OMCs. FSWs with a high level of education; those working out of small venues other than streets, hair salons and roadside shops; those who charged more for commercial sex; those who had sex with young clients during the previous month and those who had seen a doctor during the previous 6 months were less likely to engage in commercial sex with OMCs.ConclusionsLow-tier FSWs who engaged in commercial sex with OMCs reported more risky behaviours than those who did not engage in this behaviour. Attention should be paid to these behaviours in future interventions targeting low-tier FSWs.
Virtual team-based care planning with older persons in formal care settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gao Harrison , Yous Marie-Lee , Connelly Denise , Hung Lillian , Garnett Anna , Hay Melissa Erin , Snobelen Nancy , Salatino Samantha 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionCOVID-19 has necessitated greater adoption of virtual care (eg, telephone (audio), videoconference) delivery models. Virtual care provides opportunities for innovative practice in care planning with older persons and meaningful family engagement by synchronously involving multiple care providers. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of summarising evidence regarding virtual team-based care planning for older persons. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarise evidence on the utilisation of virtual team-based care planning for older persons in formal care settings. Specifically, (1) what has been reported in the literature on the impact or outcomes of virtual team-based care planning? (2) What are the facilitators and barriers to implementation?Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow a rigorous and well-established methodology by the Joanna Briggs Institute, supplemented by the Arksey & O’Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, & O’Brien frameworks. A three-step search strategy will be used to conduct a search on virtual team-based care planning for older persons in formal care settings. Keywords and index terms will be identified from an initial search in PubMed and AgeLine, and used to conduct the full search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, AgeLine, PsycInfo and Scopus. Reference lists of included articles and grey literature retrieved through Google and Google Scholar will also be reviewed. Three researchers will screen titles and abstracts, and will conduct full-text review for inclusion. Extracted data will be mapped in a table.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval is not required for data collection from publicly accessible information. Findings will be presented at conferences, submitted for open-access publication in a peer-reviewed journal and made accessible to multiple stakeholders. The scoping review will summarise the literature on virtual team-based care planning for the purpose of informing the implementation of a virtual PIECES™ intervention (Physical/Intellectual/Emotional health, Capabilities, Environment, and Social).
Skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise are not influenced by metformin treatment in humans: secondary analyses of 2 randomized, clinical trials
Authors: Pilmark Nanna S. , Oberholzer Laura , Halling Jens F. , Kristensen Jonas M. , Bønding Christina P. , Elkjær Ida , Lyngbæk Mark , Elster Grit , Siebenmann Christoph , Holm Niels F.R. , Birk Jesper B. , Larsen Emil L. , Lundby Anne-Kristine M. , Wojtaszewski Jørgen , Pilegaard Henriette , Poulsen Henrik E. , Pedersen Bente K. , Hansen Katrine B. , Karstoft Kristian 
Published: November 2021

Metformin and exercise both improve glycemic control, but in vitro studies have indicated that an interaction between metformin and exercise occurs in skeletal muscle, suggesting a blunting effect of metformin on exercise training adaptations. Two studies (a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial conducted in 29 glucose-intolerant individuals and a double-blind, cross-over trial conducted in 15 healthy lean males) were included in this paper. In both studies, the effect of acute exercise ± metformin treatment on different skeletal muscle variables, previously suggested to be involved in a pharmaco-physiological interaction between metformin and exercise, was assessed. Furthermore, in the parallel-group trial, the effect of 12 weeks of exercise training was assessed. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after acute exercise and 12 weeks of exercise training, and mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress and AMPK activation was determined. Metformin did not significantly affect the effects of acute exercise or exercise training on mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress or AMPK activation, indicating that the response to acute exercise and exercise training adaptations in skeletal muscle is not affected by metformin treatment. Further studies are needed to investigate whether an interaction between metformin and exercise is present in other tissues, e.g., the gut. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03316690 and NCT02951260). Novelty: Metformin does not affect exercise-induced alterations in mitochondrial respiratory capacity in human skeletal muscle. Metformin does not affect exercise-induced alterations in systemic levels of oxidative stress nor emission of reactive oxygen species from human skeletal muscle. Metformin does not affect exercise-induced AMPK activation in human skeletal muscle.
The Extent of Honeycombing on Computed Tomography Cannot Predict the Treatment Outcome of Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Nishikawa Yurika , Hara Yu , Tagami Yoichi , Nagasawa Ryo , Murohashi Kota , Aoki Ayako , Tanaka Katsushi , Watanabe Keisuke , Horita Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Yamamoto Masaki , Kudo Makoto , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

Background. The purpose of this retrospective study was to clarify whether the presence of honeycombing on computed tomography (CT) can affect the prognosis of patients with acute exacerbations (AEs) of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Methods. Clinical parameters including age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (CCIS), blood biomarkers, and 3-month mortality were retrospectively compared between the CT honeycombing present and absent groups at the diagnosis of AEs of ILDs. Results. Ninety-five patients who were on corticosteroid pulse therapy were assessed. Though log-rank tests showed that Kaplan–Meier survival curves of the high and low ground-glass opacity (GGO) score groups differed significantly in 3-month mortality in patients with AEs of idiopathic ILDs (

P

= 0.007) and overall patients (

P

= 0.045), there was no significant difference between the CT honeycombing present and absent groups in patients with AEs of idiopathic ILDs (

P

= 0.472) and AEs of secondary ILDs (

P

= 0.905), as well as of overall patients (

P

= 0.600). In addition, whereas CCIS (OR, 1.436; 95% CI, 1.156–1.842;

P

< 0.001) was a significant predictor of 3-month mortality in the CT honeycombing absent group, serum LDH (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.002–1.007;

P

= 0.001) was a significant predictor in the CT honeycombing present group. Conclusions. The clinical features of patients with or without honeycombing may differ due to the difference in prognostic factors, but these groups were found to have similar prognoses 3 months after AE onset, and clinicopathological examinations according to these groups are essential.
Imaging α-GalCer–Activated iNKT Cells in a Hepatic Metastatic Environment
Authors: Babes Liane , Shim Raymond , Kubes Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Patients with colorectal cancer frequently develop liver metastases after, and perhaps as a consequence of, lifesaving surgical resection of the primary tumor. This creates a potential opportunity for prophylactic metastatic treatment with novel immunostimulatory molecules. Here, we used state-of-the-art intravital imaging of an experimental liver metastasis model to visualize the early behavior and function of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells stimulated with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Intravenous α-GalCer prior to tumor cell seeding in the liver significantly inhibited tumor growth. However, some seeding tumor cells survived. A multiple dosing regimen reduced tumor burden and prolonged the life of mice, whereas tumors returned within 5 days after a single dose of α-GalCer. With multiple doses of α-GalCer, iNKT cells increased in number and granularity (as did NK cells). As a result, the total number of contacts and time in contact with tumors increased substantially. In the absence of iNKT cells, the beneficial effect of α-GalCer was lost. Robust cytokine production dissipated over time. Repeated therapy, even after cytokine dissipation, led to reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival. Serial transplantation of tumors exposed to α-GalCer–activated iNKT cells did not induce greater resistance, suggesting no obvious epigenetic or genetic immunoediting in tumors exposed to activated iNKT cells. Very few tumor cells expressed CD1d in this model, and as such, adding monomers of CD1d–α-GalCer further reduced tumor growth. The data suggest early and repeated stimulation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer could have direct therapeutic benefit for patients with colorectal cancer who develop metastatic liver disease.
Tecnologias assistivas e deficiência: um encontro das mulheres-mães com a fabricação digital nos Fab Labs
Authors: Soares Juliana Maria Moreira , Campos Paulo Eduardo Fonseca de 
Published: November 2021

O espaço que as novas tecnologias têm ocupado no cotidiano das pessoas é cada vez mais amplo. No entanto, tal ocupação não tende a ser democrática e igualitária. Partindo desse olhar, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar percepções a respeito das vivências realizadas em um projeto desenvolvido sobre os seguintes pilares: mulheres-mães, deficiência e desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Assistiva em espaços conhecidos como Fablabs. Através de uma abordagem de cunho exploratório e natureza qualitativa, esse estudo introduz um panorama geral da pesquisa, seguido das explorações e reflexões sobre as atividades realizadas. Em suas etapas práticas, entre outros, foram utilizados métodos de caráter etnográfico e Design Research. O grupo de mulheres, mães de crianças com deficiência, cujo número de integrantes foi variável durante as práticas (de duas a cinco pessoas), realizou atividades de desenvolvimento de produtos de tecnologia assistiva utilizando ferramentas de manufatura digital em um laboratório público da Rede Fablab Livre SP, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As reflexões deste estudo se relacionam com as questões de interpretação dos significados das atividades nesses espaços para o grupo e suas identificações com as tarefas tecnológicas performadas. Dessa forma, procura-se contribuir para um debate com relação à ocupação de ambientes do tipo Fablab, vocacionados a uma entrada social e plural de seus usuários e usuárias.
Accuracy of printed models obtained from intraoral scanning
Authors: Igai Fernando , Steagall Junior Washington , Tortamano Neto Pedro 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of two methods for the manufacturing of physical models: I) intraoral scanning and resin-printed models; and II) addition silicone impression and gypsum model. Materials and methods: A dental manikin was used as the master model and compared with five gypsum models (g1) and five resin printed models (g2) by analyzing linear measurements at four sites (M1, M2, M3, and M4) using an image measuring instrument. The mean values of the experimental models were compared to those of the master model using one-sample t-test. The samples of each group at the same site were compared with an independent t-test. For all tests, a significance level of 5% (0.05) was considered. Results: The confidence intervals from M1, M2, and M4 sites for both gypsum and resin models presented statistically lower linear distance when compared to the reference values. At m3, the mean value for the gypsum models was not statistically different from the reference mean value (p > 0.05); however, resin-printed models presented a statistically different mean value (p < 0.05), as well as lower values of linear distance. Conclusions: When compared to gypsum models, resin- printed models differed greatly from the master model, indicating the need for standardizing the printing protocol, for its variables may influence printed models accuracy.
O que as mãos não ousam tocar: Revisão crítica das “premissas musicais” do livro Feitiço Decente de Carlos Sandroni.
Authors: Brandão Ricardo Augusto 
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho propõe uma análise crítica de conceitos e ideias presente no livro de Carlos Sandroni: Feitiço Decente de 2001, sobretudo do capítulo intitulado premissas musicais. A partir de uma postura política procura-se aprofundar a discussão sobre certos equívocos metodológicos na forma como o autor utiliza conceitos musicais, especialmente rítmicos, presentes na música popular brasileira e de matriz africana: como a síncope, as claves e linhas guias, e as métricas aditivas e divisivas. Através da revisão de certa bibliografia, é possível observar autores que se aproximam das visões de Sandroni sobre o tema, e deixam transparecer o caráter ideológico por trás de tal postura analitica: como a supervalorização da percepção individual; do apelo às diferenças e à alteridade; e a recusa em usar o ferramental analitico tradicional nas pesquisas sobre a música popular e de matriz africana. O que se pretende demonstrar é como algumas premissas ideológicas de uma certa musicologia ‘nova’ podem turvar e limitar a visão sobre expressões musicais não hegemônicas.
Atrioventricular Longitudinal Mechanics Using Novel Speckle-Tracking Improved Risk Stratification Beyond Baseline Thyroid Hormone in Asymptomatic Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Huang Wen-Hung , Sung Kuo-Tzu , Kuo Jen-Yuan , Chen Ying-Ju , Huang Chun-Ta , Chien Shih-Chieh , Tsai Jui-Peng , Lo Chi-In , Hsiao Chih-Chung , Lin Jiun-Lu , Tsai I-Hsien , Yun Chun-Ho , Su Cheng-Huang , Hung Ta-Chuan , Yeh Hung-I , Hung Chung-Lieh 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Hypothyroidism is reportedly associated with increased cardiovascular risk and heart failure. We aimed to elucidate the mechanistic influence of atrio-ventricular deformations and their prognostic utilizations in asymptomatic subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).

Methods:
We assessed speckle-tracking of deformations among 4173 population-based asymptomatic individuals classified as euthyroid (0.25< thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] ≤4.0 μIU/mL, n=3799) or having mild (4< TSH ≤10.0 μIU/mL, n=349) or marked (TSH >10 μIU/mL, n=25) SCH. We further related deformational indices to outcomes of atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Results:

Despite borderline differences in indexed left ventricular mass and left atrial volume (
P
=0.054 and 0.051), those classified as mild and marked SCH presented with modest but significant reductions of global longitudinal strain, and showed elevated E/tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-e′, markedly diminished peak atrial longitudinal strain and higher left atrial stiffness (all
P
<0.05) when compared with euthyroid subjects. A higher TSH level was independently associated with reduced TDI-s′/TDI-e′, worse global atrio-ventricular strains (global longitudinal strain/peak atrial longitudinal strain), elevated E/TDI-e′, and worsened left atrial strain rate components (all
P
<0.05). Over a median 5.6 years (interquartile range, 4.7–6.5 years) follow-up, myocardial deformations yielded independent risk prediction using Cox regression in models adjusted for baseline covariates, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, E/e′, and treatment effect. Incorporation of global atrio-ventricular strain (global longitudinal strain/peak atrial longitudinal strain) and strain rates further showed improved risk reclassification when added to the baseline TSH strata (classified as euthyroid and mild and marked SCH; all
P
<0.05). Cox regression models remained significant with improved risk reclassification beyond TSH-based strata by using slightly different deformational cutoffs after excluding marked SCH group.

Conclusions:
Hypothyroidism, even when asymptomatic, may widely influence subclinical atrio-ventricular mechanical functions that may lead to higher heart failure and atrial fibrillation risk. We proposed the potential usefulness and prognostic utilization of myocardial strains in such population.
Increased COVID-19 Mortality in People With Previous Cerebrovascular Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lazcano Uxue , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Grau María , Subirana Isaac , Martínez-Carbonell Elisenda , Boher-Massaguer Marc , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Fernández-Pérez Isabel , Jiménez-Conde Jordi , Roquer Jaume , Ois Ángel 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The aim of the study was to determine the association between previous stroke and mortality after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) according to sex, age groups, and stroke subtypes.

Methods:
Prospective population-based cohort study including all COVID-19 positive cases between February 1 and July 31, 2020. Comorbidities and mortality were extracted using linked health administration databases. Previous stroke included transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, and combined stroke for cases with more than one category. Other comorbidities were obesity, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, dementia, individual socioeconomic index, and deprivation index. Cases were followed up until December 31, 2020. Primary outcome was mortality of any cause after COVID-19 positivity. Cox proportional regression analysis adjusted for comorbidities was used. Stratified analyses were performed for sex and age (<60, 60–79, and ≥80 years).

Results:

There were 91 629 COVID-19 cases. Previous strokes were 5752 (6.27%), of which 3887 (67.57%) were ischemic, 1237 (21.50%) transient ischemic attack, 255 (4.43%) combined, 203 (3.53%) hemorrhagic, and 170 (2.96%) subarachnoid hemorrhage. There were 9512 deaths (10.38%). Mortality was associated with previous stroke (hazard ratio [HR]=1.12 [95% CI, 1.06–1.18];
P
<0.001), in both sexes separately (men=1.13 [1.05–1.22];
P
=0.001; women=1.09 [1.01–1.18];
P
=0.023), in people <60 years (HR=2.97 [1.97–4.48];
P
<0.001) and 60 to 79 years (HR=1.32 [1.19–1.48];
P
<0.001) but not in people ≥80 years (HR=1.02 [0.96–1.09];
P
=0.437). Ischemic (HR=1.11 [1.05–1.18];
P
=0.001), hemorrhagic (HR=1.53 [1.20–1.96];
P
=0.001) and combined (HR=1.31 [1.05–1.63];
P
=0.016) strokes were associated but not transient ischemic attack. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was associated only in people <60 years (HR=5.73 [1.82–18.06];
P
=0.003).

Conclusions:
Previous stroke was associated with a higher mortality in people younger than 80 years. The association occurred for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke but not for transient ischemic attack. These data might help healthcare authorities to establish prioritization strategies for COVID-19 vaccination.
Critical discussion of the current environmental risk assessment (ERA) of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) in the European Union, considering changes in animal husbandry
Authors: Haupt Ruth , Heinemann Céline , Hayer Jason Jeremia , Schmid Simone Magdalene , Guse Miriam , Bleeser Ramona , Steinhoff-Wagner Julia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundVeterinary medicinal products (VMPs) administered to livestock might affect the environment. Therefore, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) is conducted during the approval process of VMPs. In the European Union (EU), the ERA, which was established approximately 10 years ago, consists of two phases. In the present review, we examined the first phase. In this phase, VMPs are subjected to a decision-making process comprising 19 questions and several tables with default values published in the “Guideline on environmental impact assessment for veterinary medicinal products in support of the VICH guidelines GL6 and GL38 (European Medicines Agency 2016).”Since a proportion of livestock husbandry systems is currently shifting toward ecological husbandry and free-range production systems, there is a lower risk of VMP consumption in general, but livestock excretions possibly containing VMPs might be directly released into the environment instead of being stored and applied as manure. In the present study, the first phase of the current ERA of VMPs in the EU was critically discussed with respect to the changes in animal husbandry. The large number of default values used in the ERA were checked for topicality. In a three-step approach, firstly trends and changes in animal husbandry in Europe that might be relevant for the ERA were collected, secondly, the interactions between Phase I and animal husbandry were evaluated and thirdly, the default values used in Phase I were verified in order to identify research gaps.ResultsSeveral default values used in the current ERA were identified as outdated. Together with the lack of valid data (e.g., on animal husbandry systems or VMP treatments), this may have an impact on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) as the central decision threshold of the ERA.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that an update of the ERA of VMPs in the EU is required to consider the changes in animal husbandry. Several aspects related to this issue are critically discussed.