bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms of clinically important drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 in a Thai population
Authors: Sukprasong Rattanaporn , Chuwongwattana Sumonrat , Koomdee Napatrupron , Jantararoungtong Thawinee , Prommas Santirhat , Jinda Pimonpan , Rachanakul Jiratha , Nuntharadthanaphong Nutthan , Jongjitsook Nutcha , Puangpetch Apichaya , Sukasem Chonlaphat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrior knowledge of allele frequencies of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in a population is crucial for the revision and optimization of existing medication choices and doses. In the current study, the frequency of theCYP2C9*2,CYP2C9*3,CYP2C19*2,CYP2C19*3,CYP2C19*6,CYP2C19*17, andCYP3A4(rs4646437) alleles in a Thai population across different regions of Thailand was examined. Tests for polymorphisms ofCYP2C9andCYP3A4were performed using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay andCYP2C19was performed using two different methods; TaqMan SNP genotyping assay and Luminex x Tag V3. The blood samples were collected from 1205 unrelated healthy individuals across different regions within Thailand. Polymorphisms ofCYP2C9andCYP2C19were transformed into phenotypes, which included normal metabolizer (NM), intermediate metabolizer (IM), poor metabolizer (PM), and rapid metabolizers (RM). TheCYP2C9allele frequencies among the Thai population were 0.08% and 5.27% for theCYP2C9*2andCYP2C9*3alleles, respectively. TheCYP2C19allele frequencies among the Thai population were 25.60%, 2.50%, 0.10%, and 1.80% for theCYP2C19*2,CYP2C19*3,CYP2C19*6, andCYP2C19*17alleles, respectively. The allele frequency of theCYP3A4(rs4646437) variant allele was 28.50% in the Thai population. The frequency of theCYP2C9*3allele was significantly lower among the Northern Thai population (P < 0.001). The frequency of theCYP2C19*17allele was significantly higher in the Southern Thai population (P < 0.001). Our results may provide an understanding of the ethnic differences in drug responses and support for the utilization of pharmacogenomics testing in clinical practice.
Drug target gene-based analyses of drug repositionability in rare and intractable diseases
Authors: Sakate Ryuichi , Kimura Tomonori 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrug development for rare and intractable diseases has been challenging for decades due to the low prevalence and insufficient information on these diseases. Drug repositioning is increasingly being used as a promising option in drug development. We aimed to analyze the trend of drug repositioning and inter-disease drug repositionability among rare and intractable diseases. We created a list of rare and intractable diseases based on the designated diseases in Japan. Drug information extracted from clinical trial data were integrated with information of drug target genes, which represent the mechanism of drug action. We obtained 753 drugs and 551 drug target genes from 8307 clinical trials for 189 diseases or disease groups. Trend analysis of drug sharing between a disease pair revealed that 1676 drug repositioning events occurred in 4401 disease pairs. A score, Rgene, was invented to investigate the proportion of drug target genes shared between a disease pair. Annual changes of Rgene corresponded to the trend of drug repositioning and predicted drug repositioning events occurring within a year or two. Drug target gene-based analyses well visualized the drug repositioning landscape. This approach facilitates drug development for rare and intractable diseases.
An integrative investigation of sensory organ development and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish
Authors: Majoris John E. , Foretich Matthew A. , Hu Yinan , Nickles Katie R. , Di Persia Camilla L. , Chaput Romain , Schlatter E. , Webb Jacqueline F. , Paris Claire B. , Buston Peter M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dispersal of marine larvae determines the level of connectivity among populations, influences population dynamics, and affects evolutionary processes. Patterns of dispersal are influenced by both ocean currents and larval behavior, yet the role of behavior remains poorly understood. Here we report the first integrated study of the ontogeny of multiple sensory systems and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish—the neon goby, Elacatinus lori. We document the developmental morphology of all major sensory organs (lateral line, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory) together with the development of larval swimming and orientation behaviors observed in a circular arena set adrift at sea. We show that all sensory organs are present at hatch and increase in size (or number) and complexity throughout the larval phase. Further, we demonstrate that most larvae can orient as early as 2 days post-hatch, and they swim faster and straighter as they develop. We conclude that sensory organs and swimming abilities are sufficiently developed to allow E. lori larvae to orient soon after hatch, suggesting that early orientation behavior may be common among coral reef fishes. Finally, we provide a framework for testing alternative hypotheses for the orientation strategies used by fish larvae, laying a foundation for a deeper understanding of the role of behavior in shaping dispersal patterns in the sea.
Tailored generation of insulin producing cells from canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue
Authors: Rodprasert Watchareewan , Nantavisai Sirirat , Pathanachai Koranis , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum , Sawangmake Chenphop 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe trend of regenerative therapy for diabetes in human and veterinary practices has conceptually been proven according to the Edmonton protocol and animal models. Establishing an alternative insulin-producing cell (IPC) resource for further clinical application is a challenging task. This study investigated IPC generation from two practical canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs), canine bone marrow-derived MSCs (cBM-MSCs) and canine adipose-derived MSCs (cAD-MSCs). The results illustrated that cBM-MSCs and cAD-MSCs contain distinct pancreatic differentiation potential and require the tailor-made induction protocols. The effective generation of cBM-MSC-derived IPCs needs the integration of genetic and microenvironment manipulation using a hanging-drop culture ofPDX1-transfected cBM-MSCs under a three-step pancreatic induction protocol. However, this protocol is resource- and time-consuming. Another study on cAD-MSC-derived IPC generation found that IPC colonies could be obtained by a low attachment culture under the three-step induction protocol. Further, Notch signaling inhibition during pancreatic endoderm/progenitor induction yielded IPC colonies through the trend of glucose-responsive C-peptide secretion. Thus, this study showed that IPCs could be obtained from cBM-MSCs and cAD-MSCs through different induction techniques. Also, further signaling manipulation studies should be conducted to maximize the protocol’s efficiency.
Detection of significantly high vitreous concentrations of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Itoh Kaku , Furuhashi Masato , Ida Yosuke , Ohguro Hiroshi , Watanabe Megumi , Suzuki Soma , Hikage Fumihito 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fatty acid-binding protein4 (FABP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) play key roles in the metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), respectively. To identify FABP4 in vitreous fluid in PDR, vitreous concentrations of FABP4 (V-FABP4) and VEGFA (V-VEGFA) from PDR (n = 20) and non-PDR (n = 20) patients were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assays. The data, which included height and weight, systemic blood pressures, several blood biochemical parameters and blood flow at the optic nerve head (ONH) by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) were collected. The levels of V-FABP4 and V-VEGFA were significantly higher in PDR patients than in non-PDR patients (P < 0.001) with a high positive correlation (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) between them. The findings were not affected by body mass index values and the presence of vitreous hemorrhaging. Among the clinical parameters, V-FABP4 correlated positively with creatinine and negatively with age and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, while V-VEGFA correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels but negatively with AST. Multiple regression analyses indicated that V-VEGFA, or V-FABP4, AST and HbA1c were independent predictors of V-FABP4 or V-VEGFA, respectively. Both were negatively correlated, but more evident in V-FABP4, with the ONH ocular blood flow.
In-vitro and in-vivo study of the interference between Rift Valley fever virus (clone 13) and Sheeppox/Lumpy Skin disease viruses
Authors: Safini N. , Bamouh Z. , Hamdi J. , Jazouli M. , Tadlaoui K. O. , El Harrak M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractViral interference is a common occurrence that has been reported in cell culture in many cases. In the present study, viral interference between two capripox viruses (sheeppox SPPV and lumpy skin disease virus LSDV in cattle) with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was investigated in vitro and in their natural hosts, sheep and cattle. A combination of SPPV/RVFV and LSDV/RVFV was used to co-infect susceptible cells and animals to detect potential competition. In-vitro interference was evaluated by estimating viral infectivity and copies of viral RNA by a qPCR during three serial passages in cell cultures, whereas in-vivo interference was assessed through antibody responses to vaccination. When lamb testis primary cells were infected with the mixture of capripox and RVFV, the replication of both SPPV and LSDV was inhibited by RVFV. In animals, SPPV/RVFV or LSDV/RVFV combinations inhibited the replication SPPV and LSDV and the antibody response following vaccination. The combined SPPV/RVFV did not protect sheep after challenging with the virulent strain of SPPV and the LSDV/RVFV did not induce interferon Gamma to LSDV, while immunological response to RVFV remain unaffected. Our goal was to assess this interference response to RVFV/capripoxviruses’ coinfection in order to develop effective combined live-attenuated vaccines as a control strategy for RVF and SPP/LSD diseases. Our findings indicated that this approach was not suitable for developing a combined SPPV/LSDV/RVFV vaccine candidate because of interference of replication and the immune response among these viruses.
Detailed head localization and incidence of skin cancers
Authors: Fijałkowska Marta , Koziej Mateusz , Antoszewski Bogusław 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSkin cancers are the most common neoplasms; frequently, they localize on the face. The aim of paper is to present the incidence of skin tumors in a single center from 2017 to 2019, describe trends in its frequency and find relations between neoplasms and sex, type of cancer, and its size. An analysis of histopathological files from the surgical department between 2017 and 2019 was calculated. These items were selected: sex, age, type of skin cancer, subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), grading of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), localization and dimensions of the tumor. The study sample consisted of 387 cases. BCC was the most common cancer and its nodular type was the most frequent. In older patients, the vertical dimension of excised carcinoma was significantly larger. Moreover, this connection was detected only in women compared to men. There were statistically significant differences between dimensions of the skin cancer and sex. In men group, skin cancers had statistically higher vertical dimensions and larger surface areas. On the face and head, BCC more often localizes in the nasal area, while SCC on the auricle. It has been demonstrated that the older the patient, the larger the vertical dimension of the tumor. As such, tumor size is larger in men than in women, as women usually see their physicians sooner than men: cosmetic concerns are more important to them.
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, a marker of alcohol intake, is associated with telomere length and cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood
Authors: Bijnens Esmée M. , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Martens Dries S. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Weyers Steven , Nawrot Tim S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudies based on self-reported alcohol consumption and telomere length show inconsistent results. Therefore, we studied the association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a widely used biomarker of alcohol intake, and telomere length. The possible health relevance in young adulthood was explored by investigating cardiometabolic risk factors. Mixed modelling was performed to examine GGT and alcohol consumption in association with telomere length in buccal cells of 211 adults between 18 and 30 years old of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey. In addition, we investigated the association between GGT and cardiometabolic risk factors; waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Although we did not observe an association between self-reported alcohol consumption and telomere length, our results show that a doubling in serum GGT is associated with 7.80% (95% CI − 13.9 to − 1.2%; p = 0.02) shorter buccal telomeres, independently from sex, chronological age, educational level, zygosity and chorionicity, waist-to-hip ratio and smoking. The association between GGT was significant for all five cardiometabolic risk factors, while adjusting for age. We show that GGT, a widely used biomarker of alcohol consumption, is associated with telomere length and with risk factors of cardiometabolic syndrome, despite the young age of this study population.
A simple and benign protocol for the synthesis of a deep eutectic solvent-based hydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin in water for excellent selective molecular recognition in aqueous phase
Authors: Wang Mingwei , Qiao Fengxia , Yan Hongyuan 
Published: June 2021

A new deep eutectic solvent-based hydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin with excellent molecular recognition in aqueous phase was developed for the first time via a simple, efficient and green protocol.
Construction of nested pattern matrix with large girth for PDMA systems
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Xu Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this letter, a new method is proposed to construct the pattern matrix (PM) with both nested structure and large girth for pattern division multiple access (PDMA) system. The proposed method contains two steps. Firstly, by performing the Kronecker product on a cycle‐free base‐PM with overload factor , an expanded‐PM with overload factor is obtained. Then, puncturing the specific columns with high‐weight of that expanded‐PM, the derived nested PM achieves large girth and low row‐weight, which lead to low error propagation and low computational complexity under message passing‐based detector. Simulation results verified the above idea.
Test setup using DC metering approach for loss measurements of inductive components – principle, characterization, validation and application
Authors: Kohlhepp Benedikt , Kuebrich Daniel , Peller Stefan , Duerbaum Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurate loss estimation of magnetic components is crucial for power electronics engineers. Unfortunately, loss predictions remain a quite challenging task, as these depend on many parameters and manufacturers typically do not deliver a sufficient database for precise loss estimations. Therefore, this paper revisits an approach allowing loss measurements. In contrast to the most common used approach using alternating current (AC) waveforms to gain information about the losses, this approach relies on measuring direct current (DC) voltage and current. After characterizing the experimental setup, air inductors serve as references to validate the approach. In a first step, the test setup is used to extract core losses with and without DC bias by designing a special device under test (DUT) featuring low winding loss. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the test setup is also able to gain the overall losses of complete magnetic components by using the DC metering approach.
AC flashover dynamic theoretical and experimental model under fan‐shaped and longitudinal pollution on silicone rubber insulator
Authors: Ghayedi Morteza , Shariatinasab Reza , Mirzaie Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to wind and uneven distribution of the field along the insulator, a kind of non‐uniform contamination is deposited on the insulator surface as fan‐shaped and longitudinal pollution. This paper investigates such non‐uniform pollution from theoretical and experimental points of view. For this aim, the residual resistance of the pollution layer is formulated based on the geometry of fan‐shaped and longitudinal non‐uniform pollution. Also, the arc current is formulated using the arc Obenaus's equivalent circuit for a constant arc voltage in terms of arc length propagation. Finally, the AC dynamic theoretical model of pollution flashover is proposed that can estimate flashover parameters for different values of the fan‐shaped density degree (J), extension degree (K) and longitudinal non‐uniform pollution density degree (Z) considering instantaneous variables in arc progression. It results that with increasing Z, the flashover voltage increases, while by increasing the J and K, the flashover voltage decreases. To validate this model, the experimental tests are performed on the sample silicone rubber (SiR) insulator that show acceptable accuracy of theoretical model. Furthermore, based on experimental results, a new correction coefficient is proposed under fan‐shaped and longitudinal pollution that varies in the range of 0.85–1.62.
Spatial variation in the periods of ion and neutral waves in a solar magnetic arcade
Authors: Kuźma B. , Murawski K. , Musielak Z. E. , Poedts S. , Wójcik D. 
Published: June 2021

Context.We present new insight into the propagation of ion magnetoacoustic and neutral acoustic waves in a magnetic arcade in the lower solar atmosphere.Aims.By means of numerical simulations, we (a) study two-fluid waves propagating in a magnetic arcade embedded in the partially ionised, lower solar atmosphere and (b) investigate the effect of the background magnetic field configuration on the observed wave-periods.Methods.We considered a 2D approximation of the gravitationally stratified and partially ionised lower solar atmosphere consisting of ion plus electron and neutral fluids that are coupled by ion-neutral collisions. In this model, the convection below the photosphere causes the excitation of ion magnetoacoustic-gravity and neutral acoustic-gravity waves.Results.We find that in the solar photosphere, where ions and neutrals are strongly coupled by collisions, ion magnetoacoustic-gravity and neutral acoustic-gravity waves have periods ranging from 250 s to 350 s. In the chromosphere, where the collisional coupling is weak, the wave characteristics strongly depend on the magnetic field configuration. Above the footpoints of the considered arcade, the plasma is dominated by a vertical magnetic field along which ion magnetoacoustic-gravity waves propagate. These waves exhibit a broad range of periods, and the most prominent periods are 180 s, 220 s, and 300 s. Above the main loop of the solar arcade, where mostly horizontal magnetic field lines guide ion magnetoacoustic-gravity waves, the main spectral power reduces to the period of about 180 s, and no longer wave-periods exist.Conclusions.In photospheric regions, ongoing solar granulation excites a broad spectrum of wave-periods that undergoes complex interactions: mode-coupling, refractions through the inhomogeneous atmosphere, real physical absorption, and conversion of wave power. We found that, in addition, the magnetic arcade configuration with a partially ionised plasma drastically changes the image of wave-periods observed in the upper layers of the chromosphere and corona. Our results agree with recent observational data.
The need for new techniques to identify the high-frequency MHD waves of an oscillating coronal loop
Authors: Allian Farhad , Jain Rekha 
Published: June 2021

Context. Magnetic arcades in the solar atmosphere, or coronal loops, are common structures known to host magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and oscillations. Of particular interest are the observed properties of transverse loop oscillations, such as their frequency and mode of oscillation, which have received significant attention in recent years because of their seismological capability. Previous studies have relied on standard data analysis techniques, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform (WT), to correctly extract periodicities and identify the MHD modes. However, the ways in which these methods can lead to artefacts requires careful investigation.
Aims. We aim to assess whether these two common spectral analysis techniques in coronal seismology can successfully identify high-frequency waves from an oscillating coronal loop.
Methods. We examine extreme ultraviolet images of a coronal loop observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly in the 171 Å waveband on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We perform a spectral analysis of the loop waveform and compare our observation with a basic simulation.
Results. The spectral FFT and WT power of the observed loop waveform is found to reveal a significant signal with frequency ∼2.67 mHz superposed onto the dominant mode of oscillation of the loop (∼1.33 mHz), that is, the second harmonic of the loop. The simulated data show that the second harmonic is completely artificial even though both of these methods identify this mode as a real signal. This artificial harmonic, and several higher modes, are shown to arise owing to the periodic but non-uniform brightness of the loop. We further illustrate that the reconstruction of the ∼2.67 mHz component, particularly in the presence of noise, yields a false perception of oscillatory behaviour that does not otherwise exist. We suggest that additional techniques, such as a forward model of a 3D coronal arcade, are necessary to verify such high-frequency waves.
Conclusions. Our findings have significant implications for coronal seismology, as we highlight the dangers of attempting to identify high-frequency MHD wave modes using these standard data analysis techniques.
A New Protocol for Catalytic Reduction of Alkyl Chlorides Using an Iridium/Bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine Catalyst and Triethylsilane
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong , Hamada Yuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reduction of alkyl chlorides using triethylsilane is investigated. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and benzylic C–Cl bonds are effectively converted into C–H bonds using an [IrCl(cod)]2/2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine catalyst system. This catalyst system is quite simple since the tridentate N-ligand can be easily prepared in one step from commercially available reagents.