bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-rectifying resistive memory in passive crossbar arrays
Authors: Jeon Kanghyeok , Kim Jeeson , Ryu Jin Joo , Yoo Seung-Jong , Song Choongseok , Yang Min Kyu , Jeong Doo Seok , Kim Gun Hwan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConventional computing architectures are poor suited to the unique workload demands of deep learning, which has led to a surge in interest in memory-centric computing. Herein, a trilayer (Hf0.8Si0.2O2/Al2O3/Hf0.5Si0.5O2)-based self-rectifying resistive memory cell (SRMC) that exhibits (i) large selectivity (ca. 104), (ii) two-bit operation, (iii) low read power (4 and 0.8 nW for low and high resistance states, respectively), (iv) read latency (<10 μs), (v) excellent non-volatility (data retention >104 s at 85 °C), and (vi) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatibility (maximum supply voltage ≤5 V) is introduced, which outperforms previously reported SRMCs. These characteristics render the SRMC highly suitable for the main memory for memory-centric computing which can improve deep learning acceleration. Furthermore, the low programming power (ca. 18 nW), latency (100 μs), and endurance (>106) highlight the energy-efficiency and highly reliable random-access memory of our SRMC. The feasible operation of individual SRMCs in passive crossbar arrays of different sizes (30 × 30, 160 × 160, and 320 × 320) is attributed to the large asymmetry and nonlinearity in the current-voltage behavior of the proposed SRMC, verifying its potential for application in large-scale and high-density non-volatile memory for memory-centric computing.
TNF controls a speed-accuracy tradeoff in the cell death decision to restrict viral spread
Authors: Oyler-Yaniv Jennifer , Oyler-Yaniv Alon , Maltz Evan , Wollman Roy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRapid death of infected cells is an important antiviral strategy. However, fast decisions that are based on limited evidence can be erroneous and cause unnecessary cell death and subsequent tissue damage. How cells optimize their death decision making strategy to maximize both speed and accuracy is unclear. Here, we show that exposure to TNF, which is secreted by macrophages during viral infection, causes cells to change their decision strategy from “slow and accurate” to “fast and error-prone”. Mathematical modeling combined with experiments in cell culture and whole organ culture show that the regulation of the cell death decision strategy is critical to prevent HSV-1 spread. These findings demonstrate that immune regulation of cellular cognitive processes dynamically changes a tissues’ tolerance for self-damage, which is required to protect against viral spread.
Genetic architecture and lifetime dynamics of inbreeding depression in a wild mammal
Authors: Stoffel M. A. , Johnston S. E. , Pilkington J. G. , Pemberton J. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInbreeding depression is ubiquitous, but we still know little about its genetic architecture and precise effects in wild populations. Here, we combine long-term life-history data with 417 K imputed SNP genotypes for 5952 wild Soay sheep to explore inbreeding depression on a key fitness component, annual survival. Inbreeding manifests in long runs of homozygosity (ROH), which make up nearly half of the genome in the most inbred individuals. The ROH landscape varies widely across the genome, with islands where up to 87% and deserts where only 4% of individuals have ROH. The fitness consequences of inbreeding are severe; a 10% increase in individual inbreeding FROH is associated with a 60% reduction in the odds of survival in lambs, though inbreeding depression decreases with age. Finally, a genome-wide association scan on ROH shows that many loci with small effects and five loci with larger effects contribute to inbreeding depression in survival.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Production of viable chicken by allogeneic transplantation of primordial germ cells induced from somatic cells
Authors: Zhao Ruifeng , Zuo Qisheng , Yuan Xia , Jin Kai , Jin Jing , Ding Ying , Zhang Chen , Li Tingting , Jiang Jingyi , Li Jiancheng , Zhang Ming , Shi Xiang , Sun Hongyan , Zhang Yani , Xu Qi , Chang Guobin , Zhao Zhenhua , Li Bing , Wu Xinsheng , Zhang Yang , Song Jiuzhou , Chen Guohong , Li Bichun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe allogeneic transplantation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) derived from somatic cells overcomes the limitation of avian cloning. Here, we transdifferentiate chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) from black feathered Langshan chickens to PGCs and transplant them into White Plymouth Rock chicken embryos to produce viable offspring with characteristics inherited from the donor. We express Oct4/Sox2/Nanog/Lin28A (OSNL) to reprogram CEFs to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are further induced to differentiate into PGCs by BMP4/BMP8b/EGF. DNA demethylation, histone acetylation and glycolytic activation elevate the iPSC induction efficiency, while histone acetylation and glycolytic inhibition facilitate PGCs formation. The induced PGCs (iPGCs) are transplanted into the recipients, which are self-crossed to produce 189/509 somatic cells derived chicken with the donor’s characteristics. Microsatellite analysis and genome sequencing confirm the inheritance of genetic information from the donor. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility of avian cloning from somatic cells.
Wide field light-sheet microscopy with lens-axicon controlled two-photon Bessel beam illumination
Authors: Takanezawa Sota , Saitou Takashi , Imamura Takeshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo-photon excitation can lower phototoxicity and improve penetration depth, but its narrow excitation range restricts its applications in light-sheet microscopy. Here, we propose simple illumination optics, a lens-axicon triplet composed of an axicon and two convex lenses, to generate longer extent Bessel beams. This unit can stretch the beam full width at half maximum of 600–1000 μm with less than a 4-μm waist when using a 10× illumination lens. A two-photon excitation digital scanned light-sheet microscope possessing this range of field of view and ~2–3-μm axial resolution is constructed and used to analyze the cellular dynamics over the whole body of medaka fish. We demonstrate long-term time-lapse observations over several days and high-speed recording with ~3 mm3 volume per 4 s of the embryos. Our system is minimal and suppresses laser power loss, which can broaden applications of two-photon excitation in light-sheet microscopy.
The limits of near field immersion microwave microscopy evaluated by imaging bilayer graphene moiré patterns
Authors: Ohlberg Douglas A. A. , Tami Diego , Gadelha Andreij C. , Neto Eliel G. S. , Santana Fabiano C. , Miranda Daniel , Avelino Wellington , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Campos Leonardo C. , Ramirez Jhonattan C. , do Rego Cássio Gonçalves , Jorio Ado , Medeiros-Ribeiro Gilberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNear field scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy can resolve structures as small as 1 nm using radiation with wavelengths of 0.1 m. Combining liquid immersion microscopy concepts with exquisite force control exerted on nanoscale water menisci, concentration of electromagnetic fields in nanometer-size regions was achieved. As a test material we use twisted bilayer graphene, because it provides a sample where the modulation of the moiré superstructure pattern can be systematically tuned from Ångstroms up to tens of nanometers. Here we demonstrate that a probe-to-pattern resolution of 108 can be obtained by analyzing and adjusting the tip-sample distance influence on the dynamics of water meniscus formation and stability.
Distinct place cell dynamics in CA1 and CA3 encode experience in new environments
Authors: Dong Can , Madar Antoine D. , Sheffield Mark E. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen exploring new environments animals form spatial memories that are updated with experience and retrieved upon re-exposure to the same environment. The hippocampus is thought to support these memory processes, but how this is achieved by different subnetworks such as CA1 and CA3 remains unclear. To understand how hippocampal spatial representations emerge and evolve during familiarization, we performed 2-photon calcium imaging in mice running in new virtual environments and compared the trial-to-trial dynamics of place cells in CA1 and CA3 over days. We find that place fields in CA1 emerge rapidly but tend to shift backwards from trial-to-trial and remap upon re-exposure to the environment a day later. In contrast, place fields in CA3 emerge gradually but show more stable trial-to-trial and day-to-day dynamics. These results reflect different roles in CA1 and CA3 in spatial memory processing during familiarization to new environments and constrain the potential mechanisms that support them.
The impact of chromosomal fusions on 3D genome folding and recombination in the germ line
Authors: Vara Covadonga , Paytuví-Gallart Andreu , Cuartero Yasmina , Álvarez-González Lucía , Marín-Gual Laia , Garcia Francisca , Florit-Sabater Beatriu , Capilla Laia , Sanchéz-Guillén Rosa Ana , Sarrate Zaida , Aiese Cigliano Riccardo , Sanseverino Walter , Searle Jeremy B. , Ventura Jacint , Marti-Renom Marc A. , Le Dily François , Ruiz-Herrera Aurora 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spatial folding of chromosomes inside the nucleus has regulatory effects on gene expression, yet the impact of genome reshuffling on this organization remains unclear. Here, we take advantage of chromosome conformation capture in combination with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and analysis of crossover events to study how the higher-order chromatin organization and recombination landscapes are affected by chromosomal fusions in the mammalian germ line. We demonstrate that chromosomal fusions alter the nuclear architecture during meiosis, including an increased rate of heterologous interactions in primary spermatocytes, and alterations in both chromosome synapsis and axis length. These disturbances in topology were associated with changes in genomic landscapes of recombination, resulting in detectable genomic footprints. Overall, we show that chromosomal fusions impact the dynamic genome topology of germ cells in two ways: (i) altering chromosomal nuclear occupancy and synapsis, and (ii) reshaping landscapes of recombination.
Controlling COVID-19 via test-trace-quarantine
Authors: Kerr Cliff C. , Mistry Dina , Stuart Robyn M. , Rosenfeld Katherine , Hart Gregory R. , Núñez Rafael C. , Cohen Jamie A. , Selvaraj Prashanth , Abeysuriya Romesh G. , Jastrzębski Michał , George Lauren , Hagedorn Brittany , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Fagalde Meaghan , Duchin Jeffrey , Famulare Michael , Klein Daniel J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInitial COVID-19 containment in the United States focused on limiting mobility, including school and workplace closures. However, these interventions have had enormous societal and economic costs. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of an alternative control strategy, test-trace-quarantine: routine testing of primarily symptomatic individuals, tracing and testing their known contacts, and placing their contacts in quarantine. We perform this analysis using Covasim, an open-source agent-based model, which has been calibrated to detailed demographic, mobility, and epidemiological data for the Seattle region from January through June 2020. With current levels of mask use and schools remaining closed, we find that high but achievable levels of testing and tracing are sufficient to maintain epidemic control even under a return to full workplace and community mobility and with low vaccine coverage. The easing of mobility restrictions in June 2020 and subsequent scale-up of testing and tracing programs through September provided real-world validation of our predictions. Although we show that test-trace-quarantine can control the epidemic in both theory and practice, its success is contingent on high testing and tracing rates, high quarantine compliance, relatively short testing and tracing delays, and moderate to high mask use. Thus, in order for test-trace-quarantine to control transmission with a return to high mobility, strong performance in all aspects of the program is required.
A pan-African spatial assessment of human conflicts with lions and elephants
Authors: Di Minin Enrico , Slotow Rob , Fink Christoph , Bauer Hans , Packer Craig 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAfrican lions (Panthera leo) and African savanna (Loxodonta africana) and forest (L. cyclotis) elephants pose threats to people, crops, and livestock, and are themselves threatened with extinction. Here, we map these human-wildlife conflicts across Africa. Eighty-two percent of sites containing lions and elephants are adjacent to areas with considerable human pressure. Areas at severe risk of conflict (defined as high densities of humans, crops, and cattle) comprise 9% of the perimeter of these species’ ranges and are found in 18 countries hosting, respectively, ~ 74% and 41% of African lion and elephant populations. Although a variety of alternative conflict-mitigation strategies could be deployed, we focus on assessing the potential of high-quality mitigation fences. Our spatial and economic assessments suggest that investments in the construction and maintenance of strategically located mitigation fences would be a cost-effective strategy to support local communities, protect people from dangerous wildlife, and prevent further declines in lion and elephant populations.
Glembatumumab vedotin for patients with metastatic, gpNMB overexpressing, triple-negative breast cancer (“METRIC”): a randomized multicenter study
Authors: Vahdat Linda T. , Schmid Peter , Forero-Torres Andres , Blackwell Kimberly , Telli Melinda L. , Melisko Michelle , Möbus Volker , Cortes Javier , Montero Alberto J. , Ma Cynthia , Nanda Rita , Wright Gail S. , He Yi , Hawthorne Thomas , Bagley Rebecca G. , Halim Abdel-Baset , Turner Christopher D. , Yardley Denise A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe METRIC study (NCT#0199733) explored a novel antibody–drug conjugate, glembatumumab vedotin (GV), targeting gpNMB that is overexpressed in ~40% of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and associated with poor prognosis. The study was a randomized, open-label, phase 2b study that evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) of GV compared with capecitabine in gpNMB-overexpressing TNBC. Patients who had previously received anthracycline and taxane-based therapy were randomized 2:1 to receive, GV (1.88 mg/kg IV q21 days) or capecitabine (2500 mg/m2 PO daily d1–14 q21 days). The primary endpoint was RECIST 1.1 PFS per independent, blinded central review. In all, 327 patients were randomized to GV (213 treated) or capecitabine (92 treated). Median PFS was 2.9 months for GV vs. 2.8 months for capecitabine. The most common grade ≥3 toxicities for GV were neutropenia, rash, and leukopenia, and for capecitabine were fatigue, diarrhea, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. The study did not meet the primary endpoint of improved PFS over capecitabine or demonstrate a relative risk/benefit improvement over capecitabine.
NRG Oncology/NSABP B-47 menstrual history study: impact of adjuvant chemotherapy with and without trastuzumab
Authors: Ganz Patricia A. , Cecchini Reena S. , Fehrenbacher Louis , Geyer Charles E. , Rastogi Priya , Crown John P. , Thirlwell Michael P. , Ellison David M. , Boileau Jean-Francois , Flynn Patrick J. , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Wolmark Norman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe NRG Oncology/NSABP B-47 menstrual history (MH) study examined trastuzumab effects on menstrual status and associated circulating reproductive hormones. MH was evaluated by questions related to hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and reported menstrual changes. Pre/perimenopausal women were assessed at entry, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. Consenting women had estradiol and FSH measurement at entry, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Logistic regression determined predictors of amenorrhea and hormone levels at 12, 24, and 36 months. Between 2/8/2011 and 2/10/2015, 3270 women with node-positive/high-risk node-negative HER2-low breast cancer were enrolled. There were 1,458 women enrolled in the MH study; 1231 consented to baseline blood samples. Trastuzumab did not contribute to a higher amenorrhea rate. Amenorrhea predictors were consistent with earlier studies; however, to our knowledge, this is the largest prospective study to include serial reproductive hormone measurements to 24 months and clinical amenorrhea reports to 36 months. These data can help to counsel patients regarding premature menopause risk.
HER2-positive breast cancer and tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the time is now
Authors: Schlam Ilana , Swain Sandra M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer accounts for 20–25% of all breast cancers. Multiple HER2-targeted therapies have been developed over the last few years, including the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) lapatinib, neratinib, tucatinib, and pyrotinib. These drugs target HER2 and other receptors of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, therefore each has unique efficacy and adverse event profile. HER2-directed TKIs have been studied in the early stage and advanced settings and have shown promising responses. There is increasing interest in utilizing these drugs in combination with chemotherapy and /or other HER2-directed agents in patients with central nervous system involvement, TKIs have shown to be effective in this setting for which treatment options have been previously limited and the prognosis remains poor. The aim of this review is to summarize currently approved TKIs for HER2+ breast, key clinical trials, and their use in current clinical practice.
Dengue emergence in the temperate Argentinian province of Santa Fe, 2009–2020
Authors: López María S. , Jordan Daniela I. , Blatter Evelyn , Walker Elisabet , Gómez Andrea A. , Müller Gabriela V. , Mendicino Diego , Robert Michael A. , Estallo Elizabet L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDengue virus (DENV) transmission occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical climates, but within the last decade it has extended to temperate regions. Santa Fe, a temperate province in Argentina, has experienced an increase in dengue cases and virus circulation since 2009, with the recent 2020 outbreak being the largest in the province to date. The aim of this work is to describe spatio-temporal fluctuations of dengue cases from 2009 to 2020 in Santa Fe Province. The data presented in this work provide a detailed description of DENV transmission for Santa Fe Province by department. These data are useful to assist in investigating drivers of dengue emergence in Santa Fe Province and for developing a better understanding of the drivers and the impacts of ongoing dengue emergence in temperate regions across the world. This work provides data useful for future studies including those investigating socio-ecological, climatic, and environmental factors associated with DENV transmission, as well as those investigating other variables related to the biology and the ecology of vector-borne diseases.
Analysing wideband absorbance immittance in normal and ears with otitis media with effusion using machine learning
Authors: Grais Emad M. , Wang Xiaoya , Wang Jie , Zhao Fei , Jiang Wen , Cai Yuexin , Zhang Lifang , Lin Qingwen , Yang Haidi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWideband Absorbance Immittance (WAI) has been available for more than a decade, however its clinical use still faces the challenges of limited understanding and poor interpretation of WAI results. This study aimed to develop Machine Learning (ML) tools to identify the WAI absorbance characteristics across different frequency-pressure regions in the normal middle ear and ears with otitis media with effusion (OME) to enable diagnosis of middle ear conditions automatically. Data analysis included pre-processing of the WAI data, statistical analysis and classification model development, and key regions extraction from the 2D frequency-pressure WAI images. The experimental results show that ML tools appear to hold great potential for the automated diagnosis of middle ear diseases from WAI data. The identified key regions in the WAI provide guidance to practitioners to better understand and interpret WAI data and offer the prospect of quick and accurate diagnostic decisions.
Clinical characterization of respiratory large droplet production during common airway procedures using high-speed imaging
Authors: Mueller S. K. , Veltrup R. , Jakubaß B. , Kniesburges S. , Huebner M. J. , Kempfle J. S. , Dittrich S. , Iro H. , Döllinger M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of healthcare workers have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, there remains little knowledge regarding large droplet dissemination during airway management procedures in real life settings. 12 different airway management procedures were investigated during routine clinical care. A high-speed video camera (1000 frames/second) was for imaging. Quantitative droplet characteristics as size, distance traveled, and velocity were computed. Droplets were detected in 8/12 procedures. The droplet trajectories could be divided into two distinctive patterns (type 1/2). Type 1 represented a ballistic trajectory with higher speed large droplets whereas type 2 represented a random trajectory of slower particles that persisted longer in air. The use of tracheal cannula filters reduced the amount of droplets. Respiratory droplet patterns generated during airway management procedures follow two distinctive trajectories based on the influence of aerodynamic forces. Speaking and coughing produce more droplets than non-invasive ventilation therapy confirming these behaviors as exposure risks. Even large droplets may exhibit patterns resembling the fluid dynamics smaller airborne aerosols that follow the airflow convectively and may place the healthcare provider at risk.