bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer in premenopausal women: subgroup analysis from the MONARCH 2 trial
Authors: Neven Patrick , Rugo Hope S. , Tolaney Sara M. , Iwata Hiroji , Toi Masakazu , Goetz Matthew P. , Kaufman Peter A. , Lu Yi , Haddad Nadine , Hurt Karla C. , Sledge George W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
In MONARCH 2, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant significantly improved median progression-free survival (PFS, 16.4 vs 9.3 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.553) and overall survival (OS, 46.7 vs 37.3 months; HR 0.757) compared with placebo plus fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive (HR-positive), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-negative) advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients who were endocrine therapy (ET) resistant, regardless of menopausal status. Here, we report findings in the premenopausal subgroup of the MONARCH 2 trial.

Methods
The premenopausal subgroup included patients with natural menstrual bleeding who received a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist at least 4 weeks prior to study treatment start date and for the entire study duration. Of the 669 patients enrolled in the MONARCH 2 trial, 114 were premenopausal (abemaciclib plus fulvestrant, n = 72; placebo plus fulvestrant, n = 42), and were included in this analysis. The primary objective was investigator-assessed PFS and secondary objectives were OS, objective response rate, and safety and tolerability. Exploratory analyses included time to second disease progression (PFS2), time to chemotherapy (TTC), and chemotherapy-free survival (CFS).

Results
At the primary objective cutoff (February 14, 2017), median PFS was not reached for the abemaciclib plus fulvestrant arm versus 10.52 months for the placebo plus fulvestrant arm (HR 0.415; 95% CI 0.246–0.698). At the pre-specified OS interim cutoff (20-June-2019), median PFS was 28.6 months in the abemaciclib plus fulvestrant arm compared with 10.26 months in the placebo plus fulvestrant arm (HR 0.477; 95% CI 0.302–0.755). A numerical OS benefit was observed with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant compared to fulvestrant alone (HR 0.689; 95% CI 0.379–1.252, median, not reached vs 47.3 months). Improvements were also observed for the exploratory outcomes of PFS2 (HR 0.599), TTC (HR 0.674), and CFS (HR 0.642) with the addition of abemaciclib to fulvestrant. The safety profile was generally consistent with results disclosed previously.

Conclusions
Results of the premenopausal subgroup in the MONARCH 2 trial were consistent with the improved clinical outcomes observed in the intent-to-treat population. The analysis provides support for the use of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant (with ovarian suppression) as an effective treatment option for premenopausal patients with HR+, HER2- ABC who are ET-resistant.
Clinical trial registration: NCT02107703. Registered April 08, 2014- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02107703.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET or 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) PET to assess early response to aromatase inhibitors (AI) in women with ER+ operable breast cancer in a window-of-opportunity study
Authors: Romine Perrin E. , Peterson Lanell M. , Kurland Brenda F. , Byrd Darrin W. , Novakova-Jiresova Alena , Muzi Mark , Specht Jennifer M. , Doot Robert K. , Link Jeanne M. , Krohn Kenneth A. , Kinahan Paul E. , Mankoff David A. , Linden Hannah M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the ability of18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and18F-Fluorothymidine (FLT) imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) to measure early response to endocrine therapy from baseline to just prior to surgical resection in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors.MethodsIn two separate studies, women with early stage ER+ breast cancer underwent either paired FDG-PET (n = 22) or FLT-PET (n = 27) scans prior to endocrine therapy and again in the pre-operative setting. Tissue samples for Ki-67 were taken for all patients both prior to treatment and at the time of surgery.ResultsFDG maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) declined in 19 of 22 lesions (mean 17% (range −45 to 28%)). FLT SUVmax declined in 24 of 27 lesions (mean 26% (range −77 to 7%)). The Ki-67 index declined in both studies, from pre-therapy (mean 23% (range 1 to 73%)) to surgery [mean 8% (range < 1 to 41%)]. Pre- and post-therapy PET measures showed strong rank-order agreement with Ki-67 percentages for both tracers; however, the percent change in FDG or FLT SUVmax did not demonstrate a strong correlation with Ki-67 index change or Ki-67 at time of surgery.ConclusionsA window-of-opportunity approach using PET imaging to assess early response of breast cancer therapy is feasible. FDG and FLT-PET imaging following a short course of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy demonstrated measurable changes in SUVmax in early stage ER+ positive breast cancers. The percentage change in FDG and FLT-PET uptake did not correlate with changes in Ki-67; post-therapy SUVmax for both tracers was significantly associated with post-therapy Ki-67, an established predictor of endocrine therapy response.
Integrating Daily CO2 Concentrations in SWAT-VSA to Examine Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology in a Karst Watershed
Authors: Gunn Kpoti M. , Buda Anthony R. , Preisendanz Heather E. , Cibin Raj , Kennedy Casey D. , Veith Tamie L. 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsWe used SWAT-VSA to assess the effects of climate change with rising CO2 on the water balance of a karst basin.For future climate, SWAT-VSA with rising CO2 yielded 7.1% less ET and 6.3% more runoff than standard SWAT-VSA.Rising CO2 also affected variable source areas, with greater ET declines and runoff increases in the wettest soils.Findings suggest CO2 effects on water balance should be included in future climate change studies with SWAT-VSA.Abstract. Characterizing the effects of climate change on hydrology is important to watershed management. In this study, we used SWAT-VSA to examine the effects of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 (CO2) on the water balance of Spring Creek watershed, a mixed land-use karst basin in the Upper Chesapeake Bay watershed. First, we modified the stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI) routines of SWAT-VSA’s Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (ET) procedure and enabled the model to accept daily CO2 data. Using downscaled climate projections from nine global climate models (GCMs), we then compared water balance estimations from baseline SWAT-VSA against two modified versions of SWAT-VSA. One SWAT-VSA version integrated daily CO2 levels (SWAT-VSA_CO2), while another version added flexible stomatal conductance and LAI routines (SWAT-VSA_CO2+Plant) to the dynamic CO2 capacity. Under current climate (1985-2015), the three SWAT-VSA models produced generally similar water balance estimations, with 51% of precipitation lost to ET and the remainder converted to runoff (10%), lateral flow (9%), and percolate (30%). For future climate (2020-2065), water balance simulations diverged between baseline SWAT-VSA and the two modified SWAT-VSA models with CO2. Notably, variable stomatal conductance and LAI routines produced no detectable effects beyond that of CO2. For the 2020-2065 period, baseline SWAT-VSA projected ET increases of 0.7 mm year-1, while SWAT-VSA models with CO2 suggested that annual ET could decline by approximately -0.4 mm year-1 over the same period. As a result, the two CO2-based SWAT-VSA models predicted streamflow increases of almost 1.6 mm year-1 over the 2020-2065 period, which were roughly double the streamflow increases projected by baseline SWAT-VSA. In general, SWAT-VSA models with CO2 effects produced 22.4% more streamflow in 2045-2065 than the SWAT-VSA model without CO2. Results also showed that adding daily CO2 to SWAT-VSA reduced ET in wetter parts of Spring Creek watershed, leading to greater runoff losses from variable source areas compared to baseline SWAT-VSA. Findings from the study highlight the importance of considering increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in water balance simulations with SWAT-VSA in order to gain a fuller appreciation of the hydrologic uncertainties with climate change. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Hydrologic model, Water balance, Watershed.
Optimization of Treatment Parameters for Extracting Canola Fiber
Authors: Sadrmanesh Vahid , Chen Ying , Fazeli Hamid Reza , Rahman Mashiur , Potter Simon 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsCanola fibers were treated at different levels of time, temperature, and NaHCO3 concentration.Fiber yield, chemical composition, crystallinity index, and thermal stability were measured.A model was developed to predict the optimal treatment parameters.The optimal treatment parameters were 38 h time, 58°C temperature, and 5.6% NaHCO3 concentration.Abstract. Optimal treatment conditions for high quantity and quality fibers for composite applications have not been well documented for canola fibers. In this study, experiments were conducted to treat canola stalks in chemical solutions under the following treatment conditions: 12 to 72 h reaction time, 24°C to 90°C temperature, and 0% to 10% NaHCO3 concentration (% w/w). Fiber yield, chemical composition, crystallinity index, thermal stability, and maximum degradation temperature of the fibers were measured. With the experimental data, a multi-objective optimization model that was a combination of a genetic algorithm (GA) with consecutive sequential quadratic programming (SQP) was developed to predict the optimal treatment parameters. Results showed that reaction time was the most important parameter, followed by reaction temperature and NaHCO3 concentration. These treatment parameters affected the fiber yield and thermal properties in different ways. The treatments also changed the chemical composition of the fibers. The optimal treatment parameters for time, temperature, and NaHCO3 concentration to achieve the highest quantity and quality fibers were 38 h, 58°C, and 5.6%, respectively. The results from this study will enhance understanding of the relationships between canola fiber properties and treatment conditions and help in selecting the best possible treatment for extracting fibers from canola stalks. Keywords: Canola fiber, Fiber yield, Optimization, Property, Treatment.
Effects of Splits Content on Dry Matter Loss Rates of Soybeans Measured Using a Static Grain Respiration Measurement System
Authors: Gatsakos Ana B. , Scatolini Thomas B. , Danao Mary-Grace C. , Gates Richard S. , Rausch Kent D. 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsRespiration rate increased with the percentage of split soy beans.The splits multiplier for soybeans appears to be more sensitive than the corn damage multiplier.The relationship between the split percentage and splits multiplier for soybeans is approximately linear.A value for the splits multiplier is provided for 18% moisture content soybeans stored at 35°C.Abstract. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of 0% to 16% (w/w) splits content (xs) of soybeans stored at 35°C and 18% moisture content (w.b.) on dry matter loss rates (vDML) and to determine a splits multiplier (MS) for soybeans stored at these conditions, similar to the damage multiplier (MD) used in ASABE Standard D535 for shelled corn. Effects of percentage by weight splits (xs) on MS and safe storage time are expected to be greater than MD for corn because soybeans are prone to cracking and splitting, lipid oxidation, and protein degradation, all of which lead to grain dry matter and quality losses. Results indicated that vDML increased with increasing xs, and the mean vDML was 1.5 times greater for samples with 16% splits than for samples with 4% splits. The MS for soybeans was linearly correlated with xs, decreasing from 1.0 to 0.60 for 0% to 16% splits, respectively. Soybeans appeared to be more sensitive to percent by weight splits than corn was to the presence of damaged kernels. In Standard D535, the MD for corn only decreased from 1.0 to 0.8 when percent (w/w) damaged kernel content increased from 30% to 40%. In comparison, it should be noted that damage to soybeans was defined differently from damage to corn. This research is useful in defining MS for 18% moisture content soybeans stored at 35°C under hermetic conditions. The procedures outlined in this article may be used in the future to more formally define a soybean MS that covers a wider range of moisture contents, storage conditions, and possibly an MD based on other factors included in the USDA definitions of damaged soybean kernels. Keywords: Allowable storage time, Grain quality, Splits multiplier.
Improvement and Experiment for Online Measurement of Droplet Mass Deposit
Authors: Sun Chengda , Ding Weimin , Liu Changding , Yao Weifeng , Shi Lilian 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsA measurement device for droplet mass deposit was improved to enhance its performance.A wireless data transmission system was used to achieve convenient data sharing.A user interface was designed for display and analysis of the measurement results.A positioning mechanism was designed for arranging measurement devices promptly.Abstract. Measurement of droplet mass deposit is important in spray research and spray performance evaluation. In this article, an online measurement device for droplet mass deposit was improved based on the original design. The measurement resolution, precision, and data stability were improved by optimization of the structure and components and by data filtering. The resolution reached 0.00067 mg cm-2. Comparison tests showed that the relative error between the original device and an analytical balance was 6.68% to 8.48%, and the relative error between the improved device and the analytical balance was 5.24% to 6.15%. Compared with the original device, the relative error decreased and the precision improved. The relative error between the improved device and a tracer method was 5.11% to 6.99%, and the precision of the improved device was close to that of the tracer method. A positioning mechanism was designed to arrange measurement devices promptly in the test area, and a wireless data transmission system was used to achieve convenient data sharing. A user interface was designed to display the results in the form of tables and contour maps. Tests were conducted to measure the droplet mass deposit distribution of one nozzle, the droplet mass deposit distribution in a tree canopy, and the uniformity of the droplet mass deposit distribution in a small horizontal area. The results showed that the improved measurement device could provide data promptly and conveniently for spray research and spray performance evaluation. Keywords: Device improvement, Mass distribution, Wireless communication.
Streiten im Chat
Authors: Luginbühl Martin 
Published: August 2021

While arguing in face-to-face communication is rather well investigated, there are almost no analyses on similar sequences of internet relay chats. Users of the IRC often revert to patterns of face-to-face communication, as it is for example shown in works on the phatic communication. But a lot of typical aspects of the modality "arguing" - as interruptions, overlaps, prosodic features etc. - can not be realized in the IRC. In exchange, this communication technology also creates new possibilities that are not available in face-to-face communication. In this article, I would like to ask what the consequences of these circumstances are for sequencies of arguing in the IRC. The main questions are:
•	How is the appropriate modality of interaction created?
•	What is the structure of sequencies of arguing? Which phases are identifiable (like cause, escalation, de-escalation)?
•	Which blockades of interaction are realized?
•	How is emotional involvement manifested?
Besides these questions concerning the form of sequencies of arguing, also the function of these sequencies shall be analyzed. This question is important, because arguing in the IRC always is arguing in front of an audience and because the possible anonymity can have an influence on their function.
Changing perception and improving knowledge of leprosy: An intervention study in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: van ‘t Noordende Anna T. , Lisam Suchitra , Singh Vivek , Sadiq Atif , Agarwal Ashok , Hinders Duane C. , Richardus Jan Hendrik , van Brakel Wim H. , Korfage Ida J. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Since ancient times leprosy has had a negative perception, resulting in stigmatization. To improve the lives of persons affected by leprosy, these negative perceptions need to change. The aim of this study is to evaluate interventions to change perceptions and improve knowledge of leprosy.

Methodology/Principal findings
We conducted a pre-post intervention study in Fatehpur and Chandauli districts, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on six steps of quality intervention development (6SQuID) two interventions were designed: (1) posters that provided information about leprosy and challenged misconceptions, and (2) meetings with persons affected by leprosy, community members and influential people in the community. The effect of the interventions was evaluated in a mixed-methods design; in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and questionnaires containing a knowledge measure (KAP), two perception measures (EMIC-CSS, SDS) and an intervention evaluation tool. 1067 participants were included in Survey 1 and 843 in Survey 2. The interventions were effective in increasing knowledge of all participant groups, and in changing community and personal attitudes of close contacts and community members (changes of 19%, 24% and 13% on the maximum KAP, EMIC-CSS and SDS scores respectively, p<0.05). In Survey 1, 13% of participants had adequate knowledge of leprosy versus 53% in Survey 2. Responses showed stigmatizing community attitudes in 86% (Survey 1) and 61% (Survey 2) of participants and negative personal attitudes in 37% (Survey 1) and 19% (Survey 2). The number of posters seen was associated with KAP, EMIC-CSS and SDS scores in Survey 2 (p<0.001). In addition, during eight post-intervention focus group discussions and 48 interviews many participants indicated that the perception of leprosy in the community had changed.

Conclusions/Significance
Contextualized posters and community meetings were effective in changing the perception of leprosy and in increasing leprosy-related knowledge. We recommend studying the long-term effect of the interventions, also on behavior.
Poverty and childhood malnutrition: Evidence-based on a nationally representative survey of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Halder Henry Ratul , Rahman Md. Sazedur , Parvez Mahmood 
Published: August 2021

Background
Malnutrition contributes to children’s morbidity and mortality, and the situation undermines the economic growth and development of Bangladesh. Malnutrition is associated with lower levels of education that decrease economic productivity and leads to poverty. The global burden of malnutrition continues to be unacceptably high amid social and economic growth, including in Bangladesh. Therefore, identifying the factors associated with childhood malnutrition and poverty is necessary to stop the vicious cycle of malnutrition leaded poverty.

Methods
The study utilized the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), accumulating 7,738 mother-child pairs. Associations between potential risk factors and nutritional status were determined using chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized on significant risk factors to measure their odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
The prevalence of moderate and severe wasting was 7.0% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of moderate and severe stunting was 19.2% and 8.0%, while 16.4% and 3.6% of children were moderately and severely underweight. Children from the poorest and poor households were suffering from at least one form of malnutrition. Adjusted ORs were estimated by controlling socio-economic and demographic risk factors, such as poor maternal body mass index, parents’ lower education level, use of unhygienic toilet, child age in months, and recent experience of diarrhea and fever. The pattern was almost similar for each malnutrition status (i.e., stunting, underweight, and wasting) in the poorest and poor households.

Conclusion
Bangladesh achieved the Millennium Development Goals, focusing primarily on health-related indicators and working to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Even considering this success, the prevalence of malnutrition and poverty in same household remains relatively high compared to other developing countries. Therefore, the study recommends the implementation of nationwide systematic measures to prevent poverty and malnutrition.
Patient preferences in the treatment of hemophilia A: A latent class analysis
Authors: Mühlbacher Axel C. , Sadler Andrew , Lamprecht Björn , Juhnke Christin 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To examine subgroup-specific treatment preferences and characteristics of patients with hemophilia A.

Methods
Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) Case 3 (four attributes: application type; bleeding frequencies/year; inhibitor development risk; thromboembolic events of hemophilia A treatment risk) conducted via online survey. Respondents chose the best and the worst option of three treatment alternatives. Data were analyzed via latent class model (LCM), allowing capture of heterogeneity in the sample. Respondents were grouped into a predefined number of classes with distinct preferences.

Results
The final dataset contained 57 respondents. LCM analysis segmented the sample into two classes with heterogeneous preferences. Preferences within each were homogeneous. For class 1, the most decisive factor was bleeding frequency/year. Respondents seemed to focus mainly on this in their choice decisions. With some distance, inhibitor development was the second most important. The remaining attributes were of far less importance for respondents in this class. Respondents in class 2 based their choice decisions primarily on inhibitor development, also followed, by some distance, the second most important attribute bleeding frequency/year. There was statistical significance (P < 0.05) between the number of annual bleedings and the probability of class membership.

Conclusions
The LCM analysis addresses heterogeneity in respondents’ choice decisions, which helps to tailor treatment alternatives to individual needs. Study results support clinical and allocative decision-making and improve the quality of interpretation of clinical data.
Pengembangan Kecerdasan Linguistik (Berbahasa Inggris) melalui Pendekatan BCCT dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi 
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas pendekatan BCCT dalam pengembangan kecerdasan linguistik (berbahasa Inggris) pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan bagaimana pengenalan bahasa Inggris pada anak usia dini yang dilaksanakan di Kelompok Bermain Insan Terpadu (KBIT) Insan Mulia Bantul yang meliputi kegiatan pengenalan Bahasa Inggris tentang warna, nama-nama binatang, mengenal angka, mengenal nama-nama kendaraan dan buah-buahan dengan lagu, bernyanyi sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan sentra, serta dalam kegiatan fisik motorik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa dengan sering mengajak anak bernyanyi, bermain baik dalam kegiatan sentra maupun kegiatan yang lain dengan bahasa Inggris maka akan semakin banyak kosa kata bahasa Inggris yang dimiliki anak. Selain itu anak tidak merasa terbebani dengan pemebelajaran yang sulit karena dilakukan dengan permainan yang menyenangkan dan membuat anak tidak bosan. Tema yang diberikan adalah yang berkaitan dengan apa yang keseharian dijumpai oleh anak misalnya sapaan, nama-nama binatang, pengenalan warna, bentuk, anggota tubuh, pengenalan angka, alat transportasi akan membantu memudahkan anak mengasosiasi pengetahuan dengan lingkungannya