bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and challenges related to sperm cryopreservation in Atlantic salmon gene banks
Authors: Bøe Kristin , Bjøru Bjørn , Tangvold Bårdsen Marthe , Nordtug Wist Anveig , Wolla Steffen , Sivertsen Arne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAtlantic salmon are facing population declines and loss of productivity within populations due to anthropogenic impact factors and reduced survival at sea. Biobanking is an increasingly used tool to conserve the genetic integrity and diversity of populations threatened by extirpation. The aim of the current article is to discuss the opportunities and challenges that increased use of cryopreservation brings to biobanking activities, using the Norwegian Gene Bank (NGB) for Atlantic salmon as a model system. The NGB was established in 1985 and involves a traditional living gene bank, as well as “frozen gene bank” where paternal germplasm is stored as cryopreserved sperm. Cryopreservation is a method where cells or tissues are frozen in liquid nitrogen to temperatures where all biological processes are paused, thus allowing the cells to remain viable after later warming/thawing to temperatures above 0°C. Cryopreservation is therefore used in long‐term preservation of genetic diversity and characteristics of wild populations. Until recently, implementation of large scale use of cryopreserved sperm in the live gene bank has been limited by a lack of protocols/capacity to preserve larger portions of sperms. More recent developments in cryopreservation methodologies, now enables preservation of samples sufficient for mass fertilization. Mass fertilization by cryopreserved sperm opens new opportunities to gene bank operations, including increased capacity to restore lost populations, mitigation of genetic changes in broodstock fish, as well as increased capacity at live gene bank facilities through the replacement of older males with frozen sperm. Knowledge demands regarding potential genetic damage to cryopreserved milt and potential epigenetic effects caused by the cryopreservation procedure should, however, be addressed.
Temporal and region‐specific variations in genome‐wide inbreeding effects on female size and reproduction traits of rainbow trout
Authors: Paul Katy , D'Ambrosio Jonathan , Phocas Florence 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that current levels of inbreeding, estimated by runs of homozygosity (ROH), are moderate to high in farmed rainbow trout lines. Based on ROH metrics, the aims of our study were to (i) quantify inbreeding effects on female size (postspawning body weight, fork length) and reproduction traits (spawning date, coelomic fluid weight, spawn weight, egg number, average egg weight) in rainbow trout, and (ii) identify both the genomic regions and inbreeding events affecting performance. We analysed the performance of 1346 females under linear animal models including random additive and dominance genetics effects, with fixed covariates accounting for inbreeding effects at different temporal and genomic scales. A significant effect of genome‐wide inbreeding (F) was only observed for spawning date and egg weight, with performance variations of +12.3% and −3.8%, respectively, for 0.1 unit increase in F level. At different local genomic scales, we observed highly variable inbreeding effects on the seven traits under study, ranging from increasing to decreasing trait values. As widely reported in the literature, the main scenario observed during this study was a negative impact of recent inbreeding. However, other scenarios such as positive effects of recent inbreeding or negative impacts of old inbreeding were also observed. Although partial dominance appeared to be the main hypothesis explaining inbreeding depression for all the traits studied, the overdominance hypothesis might also play a significant role in inbreeding depression affecting fecundity (egg number and mass) traits in rainbow trout. These findings suggest that region‐specific inbreeding can strongly impact performance without necessarily observing genome‐wide inbreeding effects. They shed light on the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression and its evolution along the genome over time. The use of region‐specific metrics may enable breeders to more accurately manage the trade‐off between genetic merit and the undesirable side effects associated with inbreeding.
The use of intralesional corticosteroid combined with narrowband ultraviolet B in vitiligo treatment: clinical, histopathologic, and histometric evaluation
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Anbar Tag S. , Yehia Maysa , Abdel‐Aziz Rasha T. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of vitiligo with intralesional steroid (ILS) injections has shown to be successful in quite a few studies. It is a simple and safe treatment when used with caution with a better response in localized lesions.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to explore the efficacy and safety of using different concentrations of intralesional corticosteroid combined with NB‐UVB phototherapy in the treatment of non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV) patients.MethodologyTwenty patients with non‐segmental vitiligo were subjected to different concentrations of ILS injections (triamcinolone acetonide); that was carried out monthly for six sessions. All patients were also subjected to twice‐weekly sessions of NB‐UVB for 6 months. Punch biopsy was taken from each patch before and at the end of treatment sessions. Each biopsy was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Orcein, and Masson's trichrome stains.ResultsThere was a significant difference between all groups in their repigmentation response (P = 0.017). After treatment, the epidermal thickness (histometry) was decreased (epidermal atrophy), especially with concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/ml of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection with decreased and disorganized collagen fibers.ConclusionIntralesional corticosteroid injections combined with NB‐UVB showed a good and well‐tolerated therapeutic option for vitiligo. The concentrations of 0.625 and 1.25 mg/ml of triamcinolone acetonide were the safest with fewer side effects and complications. However, higher concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/ml were more effective but with more side effects.
Protein digestibility and bioavailability in an F2 mouse cross between the selected fat mouse line and an M2 congenic line carrying the anti‐obesity and anti‐diabetic Tst allele
Authors: Pirman Tatjana , Mrak Vesna , Fonseca Rita , Horvat Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study was performed to investigate protein digestibility and utilization in an F2 cross (M2‐F2 cross) between the selected Fat (F) line and an M2 congenic line. The congenic M2 line carried the Fob3b2 quantitative trait locus (QTL) from the selected Lean (L) line previously shown to contain the Tst gene with leanness, anti‐diabetic and resistance to diet‐induced obesity effects. The main objective of the study was to test if some of the effects on leanness and obesity resistance of the L‐line Fob3b2 could also be due to the effect of this QTL on nutrient digestibility and bioavailability. The F2 littermates carrying either the Fat line segment within the Fob3b2 region or the L‐line were compared when fed the high‐fat diet. Eleven mice per genotype were individually housed in metabolic cages. In 5‐day experimental period, body mass and diet intake were measured. The part of study was done on the F and L line and tested the difference in apparent protein digestibility on low‐fat (LFD) and high‐fat (HFD) diet. The nitrogen content was determined in the diet, faeces, and urine based on which, the apparent protein digestibility, apparent protein biological value and apparent net protein utilization were calculated There were no significant differences in any of these parameters on congenic line, confirming that the phenotypic effect on adiposity between the genotypes in the M2‐F2 population was not due to the differential effect of the Fob3b2 locus carrying the Tst gene on protein utilization. We conclude that the observed phenotypic effects of this gene region are due to direct metabolic actions rather than the effects on nutrient absorption and nitrogen utilization since there were no differences in apparent protein digestibility between L and F lines, irrespective to HFD or LFD. The age of animals had significant effect on the level of digestibility.
What breed are British Dogs of the Lord?
Authors: Radcliffe Timothy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the nineteen sixties, when the author became a Dominican, the province went through a profound crisis. This article asks how it was able to survive this crisis and find new life and vigour. It did so because the brethren were usually able to engage in constructive dialogue. This was due to three characteristics of the province. As British, it embraced diversity in its core; the intellectual tradition of the province, an open Thomism, pushed it beyond any simplistic opposition between the tradition and progress. There is a tradition of brotherhood often overflowing into friendship which held the brethren together in times of crisis.
On Being a Thomist: Cornelius Ernst's Meta-Theology
Authors: Keenan Oliver James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThomism is a contested category that exhibits considerable plasticity in its application. An examination of the role played by such invocations of proper names in contemporary theological discourse indicates the importance of textual accessibility and engagement. The role played by texts is examined in terms of an often-elided distinction between ‘intelligibility’ and ‘readability’, with the former aligned with propositional contents and the latter a more expansive attentiveness to the text's performative operations. The historical remoteness of Aquinas coupled with the importation into theology of secularised reading strategies is seen to have alienated the full readability of Aquinas's texts. Acting against Cartesian modes of reading, Cornelius Ernst's re-performance of Thomistic pedagogy as ‘engaged contemplation’ is concerned to enact a horizon of meaning within which Aquinas's texts retain enduring readability. This article develops Ernst's Thomistic meta-theology into an account of Thomism as ‘meta-reading’. On this account, authentic Thomism involves the intentional cultivation of a total human culture, within which the inherently theological discipline of textual engagement exercises a quasi-liturgical function.
The Gilby Summa
Authors: Kerr Fergus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Blackfriars Summa Theologiae, 60 volumes between 1964 and 1976, the greatest collective scholarly achievement of the English Dominican Province, was conceived and orchestrated by Fr Thomas Gilby. To what school of 20th century Thomism did he and his collaborators owe allegiance, if any? This paper considers that question while documenting some of the significant influences on Gilby and his collaborators on his translation of Aquinas's Summa.
Assessment of glomerular filtration rate measurement in dogs using dynamic contrast CT compared to serum iohexol clearance
Authors: Kaenkangploo Duangdaun , Kampa Naruepon , Jitpean Supranee , Seesupa Suvaluk , Yongvanit Karn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDynamic contrast CT with Patlak plot analysis can be used to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, several studies have shown different GFR values and they are most likely less than the values by the standard techniques. The purpose of this prospective, experimental, and method comparison study was to evaluate the GFR using a CT technique (CT‐GFR) in 12 healthy dogs compared to serum iohexol clearance (SIC‐GFR). All dogs were anesthetized and placed in the right lateral recumbency position and the caudal part was lifted inside the CT gantry. A single‐slice dynamic CT of the aorta and both kidneys was scanned sequentially every 2 s for 2 min after a bolus injection (3 mL/s) of iohexol (300 mg/kg). Time attenuation curves (TAC) were constructed and the GFR per volume of kidney was calculated using the Patlak plot analysis method based on 30‐120 s time intervals, and results were compared to global GFR from SIC that was determined with eight blood samples for up to 240 min. The CT‐GFR value (1.85 ± 0.48 mL/min/kg) was significantly less than the SIC‐GFR value (3.40 ± 0.80 mL/min/kg; P < .05). The CT‐GFR was correlated with SIC‐GFR by the coefficient of correlation (r) at 0.61 (P = .046). In conclusion, the CT‐GFR underestimated SIC‐GFR and should be used carefully. We suggest that the GFR should be calculated using the equation derived from linear regression between CT‐GFR and the standard GFR method. With its own particular parameters, each institute should have its own prediction equation.
Who is watching over me? - Was the public’s perception of the anaesthetist changed by National Anaesthesia Day?
Authors: Tanser S J , Birt D J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of National Anaesthesia Day on 25 May 2000 was to inform the public about the role and training of anaesthetists. We carried out two surveys of patients attending Derriford Hospital, Plymouth to assess the local impact of National Anaesthesia Day and to assess the public’s expectation of the preoperative visit. The first survey was held one month prior to National Anaesthesia Day and was completed by 93 patients. The second survey was held immediately following National Anaesthesia Day and was completed by 70 patients. Thirty five percent of the patients surveyed were unaware that anaesthetists were medically qualified. This result was not altered by National Anaesthesia Day despite a local information campaign. Moreover, knowledge about our role and training was only marginally improved from 1978. The majority of patients expected to see their anaesthetist preoperatively for less than 10 minutes and would not be concerned if they had not been seen one hour before surgery. Style of clothing was unimportant; few preferred a white coat but name badges were desirable. We conclude that the level of ignorance about our profession has not changed since 1978 and the impact of National Anaesthesia Day was not significant. This may be as a result of the anaesthetist’s portrayal on television, which is known to be an important source of public information on other areas of medicine. If these statistics are to change in the next 22 years new methods of public education need to be found.
Psychomotor Function and Learning Clinical Skills: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Dashfield A. K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe practice of clinical medicine involves performing a large number of practical procedures so that psychomotor function is of considerable importance, particularly to trainees mastering new skills. Performance of motor skills by trainees is usually assessed by faculty in a random, unorganised, subjective manner without clearly stated criteria of satisfactory performance. This review discusses objective assessment of motor skills utilising psychometric principles in anaesthesia and surgery. In addition, the role of simulators will be discussed within the context of learning new motor skills.
Operative Shortening of the Elongated Defunctioned Tendoachillies Following Previous Rupture
Authors: Cannon L B , Hackney R G 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHealing of the tendoachilles (TA) following rupture may result in lengthening over a long segment rather than discrete scar interposition. We describe our experience and results of a direct TA shortening technique of dysfunctionally long TAs.Five patients presented with impairment of their sporting level. Four patients had TA injuries that were managed by physiotherapy alone and 1 had been cast immobilised for 6 weeks. At open operation the TAs were found to be confluent but with evidence of scarring over a long segment. A ‘Z’ shortening was performed. The patients were reviewed up to a mean of 30 months post op.The overall scores were excellent in 1, good in 3 and fair in 1. All returned to their chosen level of sporting activity.The technique described is relatively straightforward and gives predictable improvement in function. It is therefore a useful technique in this often-unrecognised condition
Intravenous alteplase has different effects on the efficacy of aspiration and stent retriever thrombectomy: analysis of the COMPASS trial
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Waqas Muhammad , Fifi Johanna T , De Leacy Reade , Fiorella David , Levy Elad I , Snyder Kenneth , Hanel Ricardo A , Woodward Keith , Chaudry Imran , Rai Ansaar T , Frei Donald , Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Kelly Michael , Arthur Adam S , Baxter Blaise W , English Joey , Linfante Italo , Fargen Kyle M , Turk Aquilla , Mocco J , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence on the utility of intravenous (IV) alteplase in patients with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the COMPASS: a trial of aspiration thrombectomy versus stent retriever thrombectomy as first-line approach for large vessel occlusion. We compared clinical, procedural and angiographic outcomes of patients with and without prior IV alteplase administration.ResultsIn the COMPASS trial, 235 patients had presented to the hospital within the first 4 hours of stroke symptom onset and were eligible for analysis. On univariate analysis, administration of IV alteplase prior to MT was found to be significantly associated with favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0–2 at 3 months; 55.6% vs 40.0% in the MT-only group, P=0.037). However, on multivariate analysis, only baseline (pre-stroke) mRS, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and age were identified as independent predictors of favorable outcomes at 3 months. We found higher final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 2b/3 rates in patients without the use of alteplase prior to the aspiration first approach (100.0% vs 87.9% in IV altepase +aspiration first MT, P=0.03). In the stent retriever first group, final TICI 2b/3 rates were identical in patients with and without IV alteplase administration (87.5% and 87.5%, P=1.0).ConclusionsPrior administration of IV alteplase may adversely affect the efficacy of aspiration, but does not seem to influence the stent retriever first approach to MT in patients with anterior circulation ELVO.
Transvenous embolization of a cerebrospinal fluid–venous fistula for the treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Borg Nicholas , Oushy Soliman , Savastano Luis , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: October 2021

Cerebrospinal fluid–venous fistula is an increasingly recognized cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.1 The site of the leak is between the dural sleeve around a spinal nerve root and the surrounding foraminal veins. In appropriately investigated patients, transvenous embolization of the draining foraminal and paraspinal veins has been shown to be an effective way of treating the disease, with low periprocedural morbidity, improvement in symptoms and radiological appearances.2 Video 1 shows the technique employed in a typical case using Onyx (Medtronic, Minnesota, USA) to embolize a CSF–venous fistula at the right T10 neural foramen.Video 1Video showing the technique for trans-venous embolization of a right T10 CSF-venous fistula for the treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The first section covers patient selection and work up, before then focusing on the technical aspects of navigating through the azygos system to the target foramen and completely occluding the pathway for CSF outflow.
Assessment of a wastewater stabilization pond system for removal of arsenic, iron, and ammonia from reverse osmosis water treatment plant residual wastewater
Authors: Bull Harrison , Ekhlasi Nia Ali , Asadi Mohsen , McPhedran Kerry 
Published: October 2021

Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) produce wastewaters with elevated concentrations of heavy metals, metalloids, ammonia, and other contaminants. These wastewaters require treatment via processes including wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs). This study assessed the arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and ammonia (NH3) concentrations in a Saskatchewan DWTP WSP system of five sequential ponds. Drone imaging combined with flow and depth data was used to estimate retention times which increased from 7–9 to 8–10 days after the DWTP upgrade. Concentration trends showed Fe decreased from Pond 1 to 3 and increased in Ponds 3 and 5, while As decreased from Pond 1 to 5. Average effluent As concentrations of 10.6 µg/L were above the 5.0 µg/L guideline, while concentration guidelines for both Fe and NH3 were easily met post-upgrade in 2020. Several actions are recommended to ensure adequate WSP operation including dredging, aeration, and installing macrophytes capable of As uptake.
Covering dimension of Cuntz semigroups II
Authors: Thiel Hannes , Vilalta Eduard 
Published: October 2021

We show that the dimension of the Cuntz semigroup of a [Formula: see text]-algebra is determined by the dimensions of the Cuntz semigroups of its separable sub-[Formula: see text]-algebras. This allows us to remove separability assumptions from previous results on the dimension of Cuntz semigroups. To obtain these results, we introduce a notion of approximation for abstract Cuntz semigroups that is compatible with the approximation of a [Formula: see text]-algebra by sub-[Formula: see text]-algebras. We show that many properties for Cuntz semigroups are preserved by approximation and satisfy a Löwenheim–Skolem condition.
A review of the composition and chemistry of peridotite mantle xenoliths in volcanic rocks from Antarctica and their relevance to petrological and geophysical models for the lithospheric mantle
Authors: Martin Adam P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the geochemistry and petrology of mantle peridotite xenoliths from across Antarctica, including parameters that are of most relevance to geophysical studies. This Memoir is the first time such a complete overview of the chemistry of Antarctic mantle xenoliths has been available and Antarctica should no longer be the ignored continent in studies of mantle xenoliths in volcanic rocks. Xenoliths indicate that the chemistry, heat flow and water content of the Antarctic lithospheric mantle varies regionally at scales of one to thousands of kilometres. The prevalence of variability in xenoliths suggests that the Antarctic mantle is ubiquitously heterogeneous. This has important, yet unquantified, implications for interpreting geophysical data and for reference Earth models used in Antarctic geophysical studies. Information about and interpretations of Antarctic mantle xenoliths can be linked to studies from once adjacent continental blocks in Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand and South America. Together, this can improve understanding of the mantle contribution to glacial isostatic adjustment and geodynamic models to show how the Antarctic mantle fits with adjacent continents in the puzzle of lithospheric blocks. Numerous, fundamental and important research questions remain unanswered making further study of the Antarctic mantle an exciting prospect for future research.