bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does lowering glycated hemoglobin reduce hypogonadism in type 2 diabetic men with low PSA levels on low glycemic index diets?
Authors: Augustin Livia , Kendall Cyril WC , Mirrahimi Arash , Chiavaroli Laura , Blanco Sonia , Jenkins David JA 
Published: June 2021

Objectivehypogonadism is linked to type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Very low testosterone levels have been directly associated to insulin resistance, muscle weakness and adipose tissue hypertrophy, three important aspects of glycemic control. We therefore investigated whether improving glycemic control through diet may reduce hypogonadism.Research Design and Methods: post‐hoc analysis in 64 men with type 2 diabetes randomized to either low GI‐high diets or high fiber cereal diets. A1c, PSA and testosterone levels were analyzed.ResultsLowering glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was significantly correlated with increases in very low PSA levels of <0.5ug/L (r=−0.56, p<0.03).Conclusionsimproving glycemic control may reduce insulin resistance and hence improve very low testosterone levels.
A longitudinal study on the preventive effects of dumbbell exercise and gum‐chewing training on the sarcopenia and dementia in old people in Korea (2009–2019)
Authors: Suzuki Masashige , Lee Sang-Jik , Kim HR 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionWith increaing age, muscle strength decreases and may eventually reach a level at which weakness starts to restrict the ability to perform usual activities and also normal brain functions. In the very old, loss of muscle mass and strength are suggested to be important factors in the process of increased frailty and dementia. Grip‐strength has been used as an indicator of overall muscle strength and is directly supporting the usual activities such as eating, toileting, cloth‐changing, bathing, face‐, mouth‐, and hair‐arranging, wheel‐chair driving, etc. Fingers grip‐open and chewing exercises increase blood flow in the brain tissue. Suzukiˈs Standard Dumbbell Exercise after a high‐protein snack could increase the muscle mass and grip‐strength to improve the MMS test score of old people with light dementia.Objectives and MethodsTo longitudinally investigate the preventive effects of dumbbell exercise and gum‐chewing training on the increases in the grip‐strength and chewing ability to prevent the frailty and dementia for ten years, 839 out of 1139 old peoples (65yrs<) in Gyeongiu were recruited. The physical characteristics, grip‐strength, chewing ability, MMS test, and the self‐care abilities of usual daily activities were obtained for basal data.ResultsGrip‐strength was positively correlated with chewing ability and recognition ability.
Nutrition Environment Measures Survey examining food price, availability, and quality, before and after relocation of Atlanta public housing residents
Authors: Ndirangu Murugi , Oakley Deirdre , Anderson Anjenique 
Published: June 2021

In an effort to deconcentrate poverty, Atlanta became the first city in the U.S. to completely eliminate public housing by relocating about 10,000 residents. Research has shown that the health status of public housing residents is worse than any other population. There is also an inverse relationship between neighborhood availability of healthy, affordable foods and diet intake.The aim of this study was to compare the price, availability, and quality of food items in the public housing residents’ communities, before and after relocation. Using Nutrition Environment Measures Survey, a total of 42 food store audits were conducted. Data was collected in July and August 2009 (pre‐relocation) and April to Aug 2010 (post‐relocation).Overall residents seem to have moved to neighborhoods where food prices were comparable to their previous residences. However food security was likely to be negatively impacted as residents had greater expenses in utilities and transport. Availability of certain healthy foods, low fat milk was greater after relocation. However as observed in the baseline survey, residents may choose to buy the unhealthy options, therefore education was important.These results suggest that public housing residents relocated to food environments that were similar to their previous environment. Relocation of public housing residence did not improve access to food.
School environment and its relationship with obesity in the state of Mexico
Authors: Levy Teresa Shamah , del Carmen Morales-Ruan María , Castellanos Claudia Amaya , Coronel Aracelí Salazar , Aguilar Alejandra Jiménez , Humarán Ignacio Méndez Gómez 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the role of individual‐level, school student composition, and school built environment on the overweight and obesity in schools, involved in the strategy “nutrition on the go”.MethodsWe built school environment classifications based on food availability representing six groups (milk; dairy products, juices and nectars, pastries and fried foods, oilseeds and pulses). We used averages per school from individual information: socioeconomic index, physical activity, television viewing time, and the ratings of knowledge and self‐efficacy of feeding and physical activity. The classification of school environment was made using Wardˈs cluster method; we choose 3 clusters. A logistic regression model was used to study the association between overweight and obesity with the school environment.ResultsThe 3 school environments are: 1) Class 1: medium consumption and high in the rest. 2) Class 2: average consumption and low the rest; and 3) Class3: low consumption, knowledge and self efficacy of feeding and physical activity, intermediate the rest. The effect of school environment on the probability of overweight and obesity in children is protective when it was in class 2 and 3,and when the children are involved in the intervention group (p=0.01).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that school composition highly influences obesity rates beyond individual‐level factors.
Food insecurity, nutrition knowledge, and cooking skills are barriers to healthy eating among food pantry users
Authors: Hale Robyn Nicole , Chhabra Surbhi , Zipfel Ashley , Holben David H. , Vaughn Lisa M. , Falciglia Grace , Lee Seung-Yeon 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine household food security, cooking confidence, and nutrition knowledge and beliefs of food pantry users. In‐person interviews were conducted with 54 food pantry users (55.6% male) from an urban food pantry in Cincinnati, OH. Food security status was determined using the 18‐item US Household Food Security Survey Module. Nutrition knowledge and beliefs were assessed using a shortened US Department of Agriculture Diet and Health Survey. Cooking skills were assessed using a modified questionnaire originally by the UK Health Education Authority. Participants were 50.5±9.1 years of age and primarily Black Americans (88.9%) living in households characterized as food insecure (81.5%; 22.2% low food security, 59.3% very low food security). Food pantry users were confident in their cooking skills (87.0%), but many still thought that their ability to cook healthy meals was a barrier to healthy eating (42.6%). Participants reported that nutrition label reading was useful for making better food choices (90.7%), but the information was hard to interpret (59.3%). Yet, they were interested in learning how to use food labels to choose a nutritious diet (87.1%). Nutrition education for food pantry users may be an essential part of interventions for the food insecure within the constraints of limited food access.Startup funding by University Research Council, University of CincinnatiGrant Funding Source: none
FOOD INSECURITY ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN POOR MEXICAN HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Mundo-Rosas Verónica , Shamah-Levy Teresa 
Published: June 2021

ObjetiveAssess food insecurity (FI) in poor Mexican households and its association with social and demographic characteristics.Methods410 households with children were classified into 4 levels those were defined as: food security (FS); mild (MIFI), moderate (MFI) and severe (SFI) food insecurity using the Scale Latin American and Caribbean Food Security (ELCSA). Logistic regression models were tested in order to measure the association between levels of food insecurity and economic and demographic characteristics as follows: age and maternal education, housing conditions as floor material and overcrowding.Results34.7% of households were classified as MIFI, 28.7% as MFI and 23.3% as SFI. Overcrowding was a factor significantly associated with some category of FI (OR=5.9, p=0.015) and ground floor with SFI (OR=2.8, p=0.001).ConclusionThe proportion of Mexican households whit FI at this sample was very high such as their poverty indicators association.
Risk of protein inadequacy among young children from rural, low‐income populations of Uganda, Kenya and Bangladesh
Authors: Suri Devika , Urbanek Joanna , Ghosh Shibani 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrevious work found >30% risk of protein inadequacy in Sub‐Saharan African and South Asian populations dependent on starchy staple crops. This has not been evaluated at an individual level. This study examined the risk of protein inadequacy in young children in Uganda, Kenya and Bangladesh.MethodsSecondary dietary data was obtained for children age 2–6 from low‐income, rural populations. Mean intakes of “utilizable” protein (adjusted for quality, digestibility using PDCAAS) and % calories from starchy staples (cassava/rice) were calculated. Risk of protein inadequacy (percent of population below protein EAR) was calculated using WHO protein requirements and methodology.ResultsOn average 48% of calories were from cassava and rice in Uganda, 53% cassava in Kenya and 62% rice in Bangladesh. Mean utilizable protein intakes were 31.5 ± 21.4, 12.9 ± 10.9g, 15.6 ± 6.7, and mean PDCAAS scores were 0.70 ± 0.19, 0.58 ± 0.2, 0.72 ± 0.11, respectively. Risk of protein inadequacy was 31% in Uganda, 34% in Kenya, 56% in Bangladesh.ConclusionRisk of protein inadequacy was >30% in children in the three countries. As dietary protein quality was low, it was important to calculate risk of protein inadequacy using “utilizable” not total protein. These findings 1) support the risk of protein inadequacy calculated using national data and 2) underscore the need to evaluate protein and its quality in at‐risk populations.
Weight Regulation Practices of Young Adults: Predictors of Restraint Eaters
Authors: Quick Virginia 
Published: June 2021

Young adults frequently use restraint eating (i.e., going for long periods [≥8 hours] without eating to influence their shape or weight) to control their weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of restraint eating in young adults, compare eating behaviors of restraint and non‐restraint eaters (NREs), and predict restraint eaters (REs). A diverse (56% white, 63% female) sample of young adults (n=2449) completed an online survey that included eating behavior scales (Restraint, Eating, Shape, and Weight Concerns, and Inappropriate Compensatory Behaviors from the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire, Emotional and Disinhibited Eating from the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire, and Night Eating from the Night Eating Questionnaire) and demographics. A quarter of women and 20% of men were classified as REs. Independent t‐tests and chisquare analyses revealed REs had significantly (p<0.001) higher BMIs and were more likely to diet than NREs. REs also had significantly higher scores on all eating behavior scales than NREs even after controlling for potential confounding factors (BMI, race). Stepwise regression revealed eating, shape, and weight concerns, inappropriate compensatory behaviors, night eating, female gender, and BMI were strong predictors of being a RE (R2=0.27). This study can help healthcare professionals be more aware of weight control practices of young adults and create appropriate interventions. Funding:Kappa Omicron NuSOCIETY TOPIC CATEGORY: 5215‐ASN: Behavioral Science and Eating Behavior Change
Following a diet and hemoglobin A1C in Cuban Americans with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huffman Fatma G. , Vaccaro Joan A. , Zarini Gustavo G. , Dixon Zisca 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAn important measure in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes is adherence to a diet. Cuban‐Americans are at higher risk for diabetes and diabetes related complications than non‐Hispanic Whites. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between reporting following a diet and glycemic control for Cuban‐Americans (CA) with and without type 2 diabetes.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis in N=367 Cuban‐American adults (n=190 with, and n=175, without type 2 diabetes) with consent.ResultsCuban‐Americans who reported following a special diet had better glycemic control (lower A1C blood levels) than CA who reported not following a special diet adjusting for diabetes status, gender, age, blood triglycerides and waist circumference [B= − 0.017(−0.032, −0.002), p = 0.030].ConclusionsLower A1C associated with reporting following a diet, adjusting for diabetes status, suggests the importance of diet adherence in blood glucose regulation. Policy change to include dietary counseling for routine medical treatment would be implied upon validation of this study. Funding for this research was provided through and NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.
Commercially prepared single serving meals as lunch meal replacements produce energy deficit and weight loss
Authors: Reimers Kristin J , Sinnett Stephanie , Papadopoulos Terry , Nguyen Von , Yu Zhiping , Rippe James 
Published: June 2021

Replacing conventional meals with portion‐controlled meals is an effective component of a weight loss program. However, little is known about the efficacy of meal replacements outside the context of a weight loss diet. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of replacing participants’ typical cafeteria or restaurant lunch with a prepared single serving meal, with no additional dietary intervention. Thirty five participants (ages 20–55 years, BMI 27–37) consumed their usual lunch at the cafeteria or restaurant. Energy composition of the lunch was determined using the duplicate plate method. For 30 days thereafter participants replaced their typical lunch with a frozen or shelf stable single serving meal. Compared to baseline, daily energy intake decreased by 374 kcal/d (2010 ± 550 vs. 1636 ± 463 kcal/d, p < 0.01), with the decrease occurring primarily at lunch (−443 kcal, 766 ± 250 vs. 323 ± 69 kcal, p<0.001). No significant (p > 0.05) energy differences were observed at pre vs. post breakfast (−40 kcal, 286 ± 158 vs. 327 ± 183 kcal), dinner (+33 kcal, 704 ± 281 vs. 737 ± 338 kcal) and snacks (+30 kcal, 234 ± 246 vs. 264 ± 266 kcal). Resulting weight loss was 2.8 pounds (p<0.01). This study demonstrates that lunch meal replacement with prepared single serving meals, not part of an overall weight loss program, is an effective method to produce energy deficit resulting in weight loss over 30 days.Supported by ConAgra Foods
Identification of an Early Metabolic Marker Panel and the Role of Individual Metabolites in Type‐2 Diabetes
Authors: Rein Dietrich , Nikiforova Victoria , Padberg Inken , Liebenberg Volker 
Published: June 2021

Early detection of and intervention in type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of developing complications. Even though metabolic changes can be detected several years prior to a clinical diabetes phenotype their relevance in pathophysiology are poorly understood. Metabolic changes are likely to play a causal role in diabetes development and a better understanding helps identifying new ways of intervening with disease progression.Metanomics Health GmbH studied diabetes associated early metabolic profiles in human blood and identified changes suitable for diagnosis and further elucidation of disease. We generated and interpreted gas‐ and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling data from 478 subjects at high risk of developing diabetes followed for up to six years. Data from broad profiling was analyzed by ANOVA models and hierarchical network analysis to associate known and novel small molecules in plasma with diabetes. Subsequently a diabetes specific targeted analysis was developed focusing on the most relevant small molecules (n=80). A minor metabolite was associated with type 2 diabetes for the first time. It directly appears to be involved in generation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts that are associated with diabetes complications.
Partial substitution of fructan fibers with acacia gum altered fermentation profile in an in vitro batch system fermentation
Authors: Noack Jacqueline , Klosterbuer Abby , Timm Derek , Thomas William , Slavin Joanne 
Published: June 2021

Fructan fibers are added to enteral formulas for their prebiotic benefits and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), yet their rapid fermentation may lead to excess gas and gastrointestinal intolerance. We hypothesized that partial substitution of fructan fibers with slowly fermented acacia gum (AG) would decrease gas production while preserving SCFAs. Two blends of equal amounts of total fiber were compared using an in vitro batch fermentation model. Blend 1 contained FOS and inulin. Blend 1+ contained FOS, inulin, and AG. Triplicate samples were removed at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h for analysis of gas, pH, and SCFAs. In general, Blend 1 produced more gas earlier than Blend 1+. Blend 1 produced 5 times the gas at 8 h (P < 0.05), while Blend 1+ produced 1.2 times the gas at 24 h (P < 0.05). Blend 1+ took longer to reach its maximum rate of gas production (11.13 ± 0.93 h), compared to Blend 1 (4.7 ± 0.06 h). Blend 1 had more acetate, butyrate, and total SCFAs at 4 h, while Blend 1+ had more propionate at 8 h, butyrate at 12 h, and acetate at 24 h (P < 0.05). In conclusion, partial substitution of fructan fibers with AG produced less gas early on while maintaining production of SCFAs. These results may help predict health benefits and gastrointestinal tolerance in vivo.Research was supported by Nestlé Health Science.
Variability of Vitamin A and Carotenoid Status Among Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Goodman Michael J , Murtaugh Maureen A 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAnimal models suggest vitamin A exposure at subteratogenic levels may contribute to behavioral problems in offspring. We aimed to determine whether serum levels of retinol retinyl palmitate and carotenoids were higher among potentially fertile supplement users.Methods100 women completed a dietary history questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for retinyl palmitate, α‐carotene, β‐carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Pearson correlations between reported intake and serum levels were calculated, and serum levels were compared among supplement users and non‐users.ResultsMean levels and IQR of retinols and carotenes were: retinyl palmitate 0.019 (0.10–0.20), vitamin A 0.54 (0.45–0.59), α‐carotene 77.15 (36.5–95.5), β‐carotene 228.34 (94.00–298.50), zeaxanthin 20.29 (12.00–26.50). 31 women took multi‐vitamins containing vitamin A (mean 4332 IU). Serum levels of retinol and carotenoids were highly variable. We observed elevated levels of retinol (n=1) α‐carotene (n=21) level, β‐carotene (n=14), and lutein (n=5). Serum β‐carotene was correlated with β‐carotene (mg/d) from supplements (r= 0.21, p = 0.03).ConclusionVitamin A and carotenoid status of potentially fertile women was variable. Serum β‐carotene levels were associated with supplement use whereas retinol levels were not distinguishable between users and non‐users.
Coconut oil facilitates tomato carotenoid tissue accumulation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Conlon Lauren E , King Ryan D , Moran Nancy Engelmann , Erdman John W 
Published: June 2021

Tomato carotenoids have demonstrated anti‐cancer bioactivity, and co‐consumption of carotenoids with a polyunsaturated fat source has been shown to enhance bioavailability. To investigate the effect of fatty acid chain length and saturation on tomato carotenoid tissue accumulation, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were fed a 20% fat diet. Gerbils (n = 40) were fed control diets with safflower or coconut oil, or experimental diets containing 10% tomato powder and coconut oil or 10% tomato powder and safflower oil for 28 days. Coconut oil increased carotenoids among many compartments including total carotenoids in the serum (p = 0.0001), adrenal glandular phytoene (p = 0.047), hepatic phytofluene (p = 0.0001), testicular all‐trans lycopene (p = 0.01), and cis‐lycopene (p = 0.006) in the prostate‐seminal vesicle complex compared to safflower oil. Safflower oil‐fed gerbils had greater splenic lycopene (p = 0.006) compared to coconut oil fed gerbils. Coconut oil also increased serum cholesterol (p = 0.0001), and decreased hepatic cholesterol (p = 0.0003) compared to safflower oil suggesting a shift in the carotenoid‐rich LDL cholesterol flux that may have facilitated extrahepatic carotenoid tissue deposition. In summary, dietary fatty acid profiles may impact both lipid metabolisms and tissue carotenoid deposition.Grant Funding Source : Funded in part by the Khatchaturian family
Discovery of a novel cytosolic ferroxidase in rodent enterocytes
Authors: Lu Yan , Ranganathan Perungavur N. , Collins James F. 
Published: June 2021

During iron absorption in the doudenum, iron that exits enterocytes must be oxidized by a membrane bound multi‐copper ferroxidase, hephaestin. We designed experiments to assess Heph activity during iron deficiency and made the unexpected observation that ferroxidase (FOX) activity (by a transferrin‐coupled assay) was present in the cytosol of isolated rodent enterocytes. Several different experimental approaches allowed us to conclude that cytosolic FOX (cytoFOX) activity was not due to contamination with membrane Heph. cytoFOX activity was inhibited by sodium azide (a known FOX inhibitor), pPD (a competing substrate), D‐penicillamine (a copper chelator), and by SDS and heat (showing that it is mediated by a protein). Moreover, activity was increased (~30%) in iron deficient rats but was unchanged in copper deficient rats (in contrast to the reported dramatic reduction of Heph during copper deficiency). Finally, studies done in Heph KO, sla (Heph mutant) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) KO mice proved that cytoFOX activity was not contributed by Heph (or Cp) as activity in enterocyte cytosol was not different between KO/mutant mice and wt littermates. In conclusion, rodent enterocytes contain a cytosolic FOX that may function in transepithelial iron transport, perhaps acting in acidified intracellular vesicles containing the iron exporter ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) and complementing membrane Heph.Grant Funding Source: NIH