bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study on a new method of preparing PMMA forming composite bipolar plate
Authors: Wu Shinn-Dar , Chiou Ai-Huei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recent oil resource shortage has prompted the development of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. PEMFC is a possible source of power that can be used in aircraft, household electricity, agriculture, fishing, motor vehicles, ships, submarines, bicycles, and other portable power systems in the future. This paper emphasizes the production of lightweight bipolar plates to solve several existing problems in the PEMFC system, including weight, cost, and integration. Conventional bipolar plates account for approximately 90% of the weight of battery packs. Therefore, an injection molded flow-field plate constructed from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is developed herein to reduce the weight of the PEMFC system. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) mold flow analysis is then used to simulate the experimental design based on the finished products. Experimental analysis is also performed on the adhesion results of the plates. The results indicate that the establishment of the injection mold using CAE simulation improves mold development and reduces cost. Mechanical coarsening on the surface of the PMMA results in improved adhesion (> 50 N) at temperatures higher than 80 °C. Thus, mechanical coarsening is suitable for the PEMFC system. The problem of conventional weight is solved by reducing the weight by 70%.
A prognostic value of CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CCL20+ and CCR6+ expressing cells as ‘immunoscore’ to predict cervical cancer induced by HPV
Authors: Fernandes Ana Teresa G. , Carvalho Maria Odete O. , Avvad-Portari Elyzabeth , Rocha Natália P. , Russomano Fabio , Roma Eric Henrique , Bonecini-Almeida Maria da Gloria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe interplay between cervical cancer (CC) and immune cells, mainly intratumoral lymphocytes, has a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. In this context, we evaluated the distribution of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ cells as well as CCR6+ and CCL20+ cells in intraepithelial (IE) and marginal stroma (MS) areas from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I–III, and CC as ‘immunoscore’ for HPV-induced CC outcome. We observed increased CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ cells distribution in IE and MS areas in the CC group compared to CIN groups and healthy volunteers. Interestingly, there is a remarkable reduction of CCL20+ expressing cells distribution according to lesion severity. The CC group had a significant decrease in CCL20+ and CCR6+-expressing cells distribution in both IE and MS areas compared to all groups. Using the ‘immunoscore’ model, we observed an increased number of women presenting high CD45RA+/CD45RO+ and low CCL20+/CCR6+ ‘immunoscore’ in the CC group. Our results suggested a pattern in cervical inflammatory process with increasing CD45RA+/CD45RO+, and decreasing CCL20+/CCR6+ expression in accordance with CIN severity. Taken together, these markers could be evaluated as ‘immunoscore’ predictors to CC response. A more comprehensive analysis of longitudinal studies should be conducted to associate CD45RA+/CD45RO+ and CCL20+/CCR6+ ‘immunoscore’ to CC progression and validate its value as a prognosis method.
Co-existence of chlorosis inducing strain of Cucumber mosaic virus with tospoviruses on hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) in India
Authors: Vinodhini J. , Rajendran L. , Abirami R. , Karthikeyan G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCucumo- and tospoviruses are the most destructive viruses infecting hot pepper (chilli). A diagnostic survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of cucumo and tospoviruses in chilli growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. Infected plants showing mosaic with chlorotic and necrotic rings, veinal necrosis, mosaic mottling, leaf filiformity and malformation were collected. Molecular indexing carried out through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with coat protein gene specific primer of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tospovirus degenerate primer corresponding to the L segment (RdRp). Ostensibly, amplifications were observed for both CMV and tospoviruses as sole as well for mixed infections. The sequence analysis indicated that the Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) to be involved with CMV in causing combined infections. The co-infection of CMV with CaCV was detected in 10.41% of the symptomatic plant samples and combined infection of CMV with GBNV was recorded in around 6.25% of the symptomatic plants surveyed. The amino acid substitution of Ser129 over conserved Pro129 in coat protein of CMV implies that CMV strain involved in mixed infection as chlorosis inducing strain. Further, the electron microscopy of symptomatic plant samples explicated the presence of isometric particles of CMV and quasi spherical particles of tospoviruses. This is the first molecular evidence for the natural co-existence of chlorosis inducing CMV strain with CaCV and GBNV on hot pepper in India.
Effects of endothelial defects and venous interposition grafts on the acute incidence of thrombus formation within microvascular procedures
Authors: Ritschl Lucas M. , Hofmann Marie-Kristin , Wolff Constantin T. , Schmidt Leonard H. , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Fichter Andreas M. , Mücke Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEndothelial defects (ED) and the usage of interposition vein grafts (IVG) are known risk factors for free flap failure. This experimental study aimed to compare both situations of thrombus formation and fluorescence angiographic behavior. Indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGVA) with the FLOW 800 tool was systematically performed in groups I = ED, II = IVG, and III = ED and IVG (each n = 11). ICGVA was able to detect thrombosis in five animals and safely ruled it out in 26 with two false-positive cases (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 90%, 62%, and 100%, respectively). The difference between visually and ICGVA-assisted ED measurements was significant (p = 0.04). The areas of thrombosis showed no significant difference. Moreover, ICGVA detected a decrease of all parameters at the ED area and/or within the IVG section in all groups. The presence of an endothelial defect had a higher impact on thrombus formation than the IVG usage. ICGVA is qualitatively able to detect endothelial defects and clinically evident thrombosis. However, the quantitative values are not yet attributable to one of the clinical scenarios that may jeopardize free flap transfer.
Gastroenterology visitation and reminders predict surveillance uptake for patients with adenomas with high-risk features
Authors: Myint Anthony , Corona Edgar , Yang Liu , Nguyen Bao Sean , Lin Christina , Huang Marcela Zhou , Shao Paul , Mwengela Didi , Didero Michelle , Asokan Ishan , Bui Alex A. T. , Hsu William , Maehara Cleo , Naini Bita V. , Kang Yuna , Bastani Roshan , May Folasade P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with colorectal adenomas with high-risk features during screening colonoscopy have increased risk for the development of subsequent adenomas and colorectal cancer. While US guidelines recommend surveillance colonoscopy at 3 years in this high-risk population, surveillance uptake is suboptimal. To inform future interventions to improve surveillance uptake, we sought to assess surveillance rates and identify facilitators of uptake in a large integrated health system. We utilized a cohort of patients with a diagnosis of ≥ 1 tubular adenoma (TA) with high-risk features (TA ≥ 1 cm, TA with villous features, TA with high-grade dysplasia, or ≥ 3 TA of any size) on colonoscopy between 2013 and 2016. Surveillance colonoscopy completion within 3.5 years of diagnosis of an adenoma with high-risk features was our primary outcome. We evaluated surveillance uptake over time and utilized logistic regression to detect factors associated with completion of surveillance colonoscopy. The final cohort was comprised of 405 patients. 172 (42.5%) patients successfully completed surveillance colonoscopy by 3.5 years. Use of a patient reminder (telephone, electronic message, or letter) for due surveillance (adjusted odds = 1.9; 95%CI = 1.2–2.8) and having ≥ 1 gastroenterology (GI) visit after diagnosis of an adenoma with high-risk features (adjusted odds = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.6–4.2) significantly predicted surveillance colonoscopy completion at 3.5 years. For patients diagnosed with adenomas with high-risk features, surveillance colonoscopy uptake is suboptimal and frequently occurs after the 3-year surveillance recommendation. Patient reminders and visitation with GI after index colonoscopy are associated with timely surveillance completion. Our findings highlight potential health system interventions to increase timely surveillance uptake for patients diagnosed with adenomas with high-risk features.
Several frailty parameters highly prevalent in middle age (50–65) are independent predictors of adverse events
Authors: Segaux Lauriane , Broussier Amaury , Oubaya Nadia , Leissing-Desprez Claire , Laurent Marie , Naga Henri , Fromentin Isabelle , David Jean-Philippe , Bastuji-Garin Sylvie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough frailty can arise in middle age, very few studies have investigated frailty before 65 years. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence of frailty parameters in middle-aged individuals and probe the association with future adverse events. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of community-dwelling individuals aged 50 to 65 (n = 411, median age: 59.0) having undergone a multidomain geriatric assessment (2010–2015) in an outpatient clinic in the greater Paris area of France (SUCCEED cohort). The primary outcome was a composite measure of adverse events (non-accidental falls, fractures, unplanned hospitalizations, death), recorded in 2016/2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to identify independent predictors. Six frailty parameters were highly prevalent (> 20%): low activity (40.1%), exhaustion (31.3%), living alone (28.5%), balance impairment (26.8%), weakness (26.7%), and executive dysfunction (23.2%). Female sex (odds ratio: 2.67 [95% confidence interval: 1.17–6.11]), living alone (2.39 [1.32–4.33]), balance impairment (2.09 [1.16–3.78]), executive dysfunction (2.61, [1.18–5.77]), and exhaustion (2.98 [1.65–5.39]) were independent predictors of adverse events. Many frailty parameters are already altered in middle-aged individuals and are predictive of adverse health events. Our findings highlight a possible need for frailty screening and preventive programs targeting middle-aged individuals.
Heterogeneous vanadium-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of olefins for sustainable synthesis of carboxylic acids
Authors: Upadhyay Rahul , Rana Rohit , Sood Aakriti , Singh Vikash , Kumar Rahul , Srivastava Vimal Chandra , Maurya Sushil K. 
Published: April 2021

We have developed a heterogeneous VO@TiO2 catalyzed synthesis of carboxylic acid from various aromatic and aliphatic olefins. Here, we first report the utilization of renewable Triadica sebifera seed oil for the sustainable synthesis of azelaic acid.
Evaluating the Voice Type Component Distributions of Excised Larynx Phonations at Three Subglottal Pressures
Authors: Liu Boquan , Raj Hayley , Klein Logan , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The excised canine larynx provides an advantageous experimental framework in the study of voice physiology. In recent years, signal processing methods have been applied to analyze phonations in excised canine larynx experiments. However, phonations have a highly complex and nonstationary nature corresponding to different proportions of regular and chaotic signal elements. Current nonlinear dynamic methods that are used to assess the degree of irregularity in the voice fail to recognize the distribution of voice type components (VTCs).

Method
Based on measures of intrinsic dimension, this article presents a method to analyze the VTC distribution of phonations in excised canine larynx experiments. Thirty-nine phonation samples from 13 excised canine larynges at three different subglottal pressures were analyzed.

Results
Phonation produced with subglottal pressures above phonation instability pressure (PIP) and below phonation threshold pressure (PTP) resulted in high proportions of Voice Types 3 and 4, characterized by chaotic and noisy signals. Phonation produced with pressure between PTP and PIP contained mostly Type 1 voice, characterized by a regular and nearly periodic signal. Mean proportions of all VTCs varied significantly in comparisons of phonations produced with Sub-PTP and PTP as well as in comparisons of phonations produced with PTP and PIP.

Conclusions

Across all VTCs, the VTC profiles of normal and abnormal phonation differ significantly. Normal phonation is strongly associated with VTC
1
(Voice Type Component 1), whereas abnormal phonation exhibits increased VTC
4
(Voice Type Component 4). The study further demonstrates the ability of intrinsic dimension to successfully detect multiple voice types in an acoustic signal and highlights the need for expanded use of intrinsic dimension in human voice.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14417585
Ultra-stable 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers with 2.5 × 10−16 frequency instability
Authors: Li Liufeng , Wang Jia , Bi Jin , Zhang Tao , Peng Jiankang , Zhi Yunlin , Chen Lisheng 
Published: April 2021

Cavity-stabilized ultra-stable optical oscillators are one of the core ingredients in the ground-based or spaceborne precision measurements such as optical frequency metrology, test of special relativity, and gravitational wave observation. We report in detail the development of two ultra-stable systems based on 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers and 20-cm optical cavities. The optical cavities adopt ultra-low-loss silica mirrors with compensating rings. An electro-optic crystal with a wedged angle is used to reduce the residual amplitude modulation. Using two-stage thermal control, long-term stabilities of 100 µK are achieved for the outer wall of the vacuum chamber housing the optical cavity. Two additional thermal shields increased the time constant of the optical cavities to 70 h. By operating the optical cavity at the temperature of zero coefficient of thermal expansion, the frequency stability reaches 2.5 × 10−16 at 10 s averaging time and remains below 5 × 10−16 with an extended time of 1000 s after removing the first- and second-order drifts. The dependence of the laser linewidth on the measurement time is tested against a simplified theoretical model.
Violations of locality and free choice are equivalent resources in Bell experiments
Authors: Blasiak Pawel , Pothos Emmanuel M. , Yearsley James M. , Gallus Christoph , Borsuk Ewa 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceFaced with a violation of Bell inequalities, a committed realist might pursue an explanation of the observed correlations on the basis of violations of the locality or free choice (sometimes called measurement independence) assumptions. The question of whether it is better to abandon (partially or completely) locality or free choice has been strongly debated since the inception of Bell inequalities, with ardent supporters on either side. We offer a comprehensive treatment that allows a comparison of both assumptions on an equal footing, demonstrating a deep interchangeability. This both advances the foundational debate and provides quantitative answers regarding the weight of each assumption for causal (or realist) explanations of observed correlations.
The loops of the N-SH2 binding cleft do not serve as allosteric switch in SHP2 activation
Authors: Anselmi Massimiliano , Hub Jochen S. 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceSHP2 is a multidomain protein, playing an important role in upregulating cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and programmed cell death. SHP2 mutations cause developmental disorders and are found in many cancer types, including neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and leukemia. In healthy cells, SHP2 mainly takes an autoinhibited, inactive form, and SHP2 is activated upon binding of phosphopeptides to the N-SH2 domain. For the past two decades, the widening of the binding cleft upon peptide binding has been considered the key event driving SHP2 activation. Here, by analyzing crystallographic data and molecular simulations, we demonstrate that the binding cleft in N-SH2 is, instead, already open and accessible in solution, and its degree of opening does not influence SHP2 activation.
Observations and predictions from past lightcones
Authors: Lesourd Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In a general Lorentzian manifold M, the past lightcone of a point is a proper subset of M that does not carry enough information to determine the rest of M. In special circumstances however, say if M is a globally hyperbolic Cauchy development of vacuum initial data on a Cauchy surface S and there is a point whose past lightcone contains S, then the contents of such a lightcone does determine M up to isometry. We present results that describe what properties of M guarantee that past lightcones do indeed determine all or at least significant portions of M. Null lines and observer horizons, which are well known features of the de-Sitter spacetime, play a prominent role.
Micro-burrs in machining original molds of an optical functional film with a triangular pyramidal texture
Authors: Li Huang , Xu Zhilong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the cutting process of the original molds, the micro-burrs produced by the machining process will affect the optical properties of the optical functional textured film. According to the forming planing method for the triangular pyramid texture, the formation characteristics of burrs are analyzed from the cut-in edge and the cut-out edge. And the influence of burrs on the triangular pyramid edge is analyzed in combination with the changes of cutting section, to obtain the prediction model of edge burr distribution. The cutting simulation of triangular pyramid texture shows that the main flow direction of the chips will be inclined along the side where the cutting edge is separated from the workpiece first, resulting in a larger exit burr size on this side. In the cut-out stage, as the contact length between the cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece decreases gradually, the maximum cutting stress gradually transfers to the tool tip so that the positive burrs form at the bottom of the cut-out edges of the triangular pyramid. The forming processing experiment for the triangular pyramid texture shows that there are both positive and negative exit burrs on the cut-out edges. Compared with the forming processing method, the V-shaped section of the cutting layer is changed to the trapezoidal section of the free chips when the original molds with triangular pyramid texture are cut by the single-edge cutting method. As the chips flow more smoothly, the size of burrs can be reduced. Besides, the ratio of the effective optical functional area K
s can increase 10.1%.
Pattern transferring of Prolift-100 polymer sacrificial layers with controlled sidewall profile
Authors: Silva Jorge R , Kala Hemendra , Tripathi Dhirendra K , Papanastasiou Kirsten , Silva K K M B Dilusha , Putrino Gino , Martyniuk Mariusz , Keating Adrian , Antoszewski Jarek , Faraone Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While wet pattern transferring of polymers is faster than dry processing, it can lead to excessive undercut that will erode and distort features in patterned sacrificial regions during micro electro mechanical systems (MEMSs) fabrication. Dry etching processes based on O2, CF4 and N2 chemistry reduce undercutting of features to around 2 µm, but the resulting sidewall profiles of the patterned polymer islands are generally unsuitable for subsequent conformal deposition of thin films for surface micromachined MEMS fabrication. This paper presents a dry etching process for Prolift-100-16 polymer sacrificial layers, that employs a combination of a hard mask and a subsidiary sacrificial layer, that overcomes the limitations of undercut control and conformal deposition of physical vapour deposition techniques. The dry etching process is optimized to reduce the feature undercut to as low as 1 µm, while also producing sidewall profiles suitable for subsequent conformal deposition of thin films.
Conventional surface micromachining process for the fabrication of a linear optical phased array based on piston micromirrors
Authors: Mohammad Tarek , He Siyuan , Ben Mrad Ridha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Micro electromechanical system (MEMS) based optical phased array (OPA) technology generally demands narrow and tightly spaced suspended microstructures with high-aspect-ratio in the lateral dimensions. This paper presents an one dimensional OPA system which is fabricated using the standard PolyMUMPs process, leading to a low-cost, simplified and commercially accessible surface micromachining technique for the OPA technology. The proposed OPA device utilizes an array of metal-coated silicon micromirrors with high-aspect-ratio structures which act as optical phase shifters. Each micromirror along the array is individually actuated by an electrostatic parallel plate micro-actuator made of a micro-cantilever beam positioned above a fixed electrode. The field of view obtained by the device is measured as 4.76° which is comparable to those by the previous MEMS based OPA devices fabricated using custom-run and complex surface micromachining processes. The OPA device has a response time of 6.5 µs and an out of plane actuation stroke of 0.16 µm at a bias voltage of 55 V. The magnitude of the out of plane displacement by the phase shifters is equal to one-quarter of the laser wavelength (650 nm) used which leads to the desired optical phase shift of

π

radian.
Detection of electron spin resonance down to 10 K using localized spoof surface plasmon
Authors: Roy Subhadip , Nandi Anuvab , Das Pronoy , Mitra Chiranjib 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, novel use of the electromagnetic field profile of a localized spoof surface plasmonic mode to detect electron spin resonance (ESR) is being reported. The mode is supported on a resonator with a complementary metallic spiral structure, etched on the ground plane of a microstrip line having a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. The change in characteristics of the mode of interest with lowering of temperature has been observed and analyzed. ESR spectra of three paramagnetic samples—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), galvinoxyl, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl are recorded using this resonator at room temperature. ESR spectra of DPPH are also captured down to 10 K. Potential application of the mode in the detection of microwave induced Rashba field-driven ESR has been discussed.