bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First afebrile seizures: Clinical and radiological view with emergent testing
Authors: Aksu Uzunhan Tuğçe , Kaçar Alper , Mısırlı Özdemir Ebru , Yapıcı Özge 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first afebrile seizures in children are an important and common reason for emergency department admissions. We aim to examine the presentation, laboratory/neurodiagnostic investigation, and emergency management of children with first afebrile seizures.MethodsThe retrospective study included 333 patients aged 1 month to 18 years admitted with a first afebrile seizure to the pediatric emergency department of Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020. Age, gender, seizure duration and type, treatments for seizures, laboratory, neurophysiological, and radiological investigations, ward or intensive care unit hospitalizations, and antiepileptic drugs on discharge were recorded.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 81.6 ± 62.9 months; 187 (56.2%) were male and 146 (43.8%) were female. Two hundred and sixty‐one (78.4%) patients had only one seizure. In 45 (13.5%) of the patients, the seizure recurred in the emergency department. Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia were detected in 13 (3.9%) patients. Patients with clinically significant cranial computed tomography results were at an increased risk for seizures lasting longer than 5 min. Patients with focal seizures had more recurrences, were given more antiepileptic drugs during the emergency, had better known etiology, more intensive care unit hospitalization, and greater post‐discharge antiepileptic drug prescription.ConclusionsBiochemical abnormalities remain in the background in the etiology of afebrile seizures. Patients with abnormal neuroimaging on cranial tomography tended to have longer seizures. Patients with focal seizures followed a more complicated course as they had more recurrences and more hospitalization in the intensive care unit.
Portal vein reconstruction with cryopreserved vascular grafts: A two‐edged sword
Authors: Saglam Kutay , Sahin Tevfik Tolga , Usta Sertac , Koc Cemalettin , Otan Emrah , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Aydin Cemalettin , Yilmaz Sezai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPortal vein anastomotic complications related to size discrepancy are important causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric liver transplantation. Interposed vascular grafts in portal vein anastomosis can solve this problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of pediatric liver transplantations performed using cryopreserved interposed vascular grafts between graft portal vein and superior mesenteric vein (SMV)‐splenic vein (SpV) confluence.MethodsTwenty‐nine pediatric patients received liver transplantation using cryopreserved venous grafts in our Liver Transplant Institute between 2013 and 2020 were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, and operative characteristics and postoperative follow‐up were analyzed.ResultsSixteen patients (55.2%) had portal hypoplasia and five patients (17.2%) had portal vein thrombosis. In total, six patients (20.6%) suffered portal vein thrombosis in the early postoperative period. Three patients (10.3%) experienced portal vein thrombosis in the late postoperative period. Late portal vein thrombosis rate was significantly higher in patients with early portal vein thrombosis (3/6 patients [50%] versus 0/23 patients [0%]; p = .034). Lack of portal flow was significantly higher in patients with both early (50% versus 0%; p = .002) and late portal vein thrombosis (66.7% versus 6.7%; p = .03).ConclusionPreoperative portal vein thrombosis and insufficient flow are important factors affecting success of liver transplant in children. The use of interposed vein grafts in problematic portal anastomoses can overcome portal flow problems.
The challenges of heterogeneity in gestational age and birthweight inclusion criteria for research synthesis on very preterm birth and childhood cognition: An umbrella review and meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Sentenac Mariane , Chaimani Anna , Twilhaar Sabrina , Benhammou Valérie , Johnson Samantha , Morgan Andrei , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeta‐analyses of studies on very preterm (VPT) birth and childhood cognition select primary studies using gestational age inclusion criteria only, while others also include birthweight criteria. The consequences of this choice are unknown.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) criteria used in studies of VPT birth and cognition and to investigate whether meta‐analysis results differ based on these criteria.Data sourcesFive systematic reviews on VPT birth and childhood IQ.Study selection and data extractionCountry, birth years, GA‐BW selection criteria and participant IQ were extracted from 156 studies representing 103 birth cohorts.SynthesisPooled standardised mean differences (SMD) in IQ between children born VPT and term‐born controls were estimated by sub‐group based on GA‐BW criteria (GA, BW and GA‐BW combined) and degree of preterm birth‐low birthweight combinations: extremely preterm (EPT, <28 weeks) and extremely low BW (ELBW, <1000 g); VPT (<32 weeks) and very low BW (VLBW, <1500 g); and moderately MPT (<34 weeks) and moderately low BW (MLBW, <1800 g).ResultsCohorts used 27 distinct GA‐BW inclusion criteria. Most common criteria were BW <1500 g (24 cohorts), BW <1000 g (12), GA <32 weeks (12) and GA <33 weeks (12); 23 studies used GA‐BW combinations. BW‐only criteria were more frequent in North America than Europe (63% versus 24%) and for cohorts before than after 1990 (67% vs 26%). Pooled SMD in IQ varied: SMDEPT/ELBW −0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.07, −0.82; SMDVPT/VLBW −0.78, 95% CI −0.85, −0.71; SMDMPT/MLBW −0.68, 95% CI −0.79, −0.57; however, there was no difference in SMD across cohorts using BW compared to GA criteria after adjustment on risk group.ConclusionsThese findings support the inclusion of studies using GA and/or BW criteria in meta‐analyses on VPT birth and cognition to increase the geographical and temporal generalisability of the results and to allow investigation of the impact of the heterogeneous inclusion criteria in this literature on outcomes.
The impact of activated protein C resistance on the patency of arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis access
Authors: Santler Stefanie Christine , Konstantiniuk Peter , Schramayer Georg , Prüller Florian , Siegl Gregor , Demel Ulike , Cohnert Tina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionVascular access is required for hemodialysis treatment. An effect of activated protein C resistance on access thrombosis rates has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study is to determine whether an activated protein C resistance is correlated with the patency of polytetrafluoroethylene arteriovenous grafts.MethodsThe primary endpoint was the impact of activated protein C resistance; secondary endpoints were the influence of Factor V Leiden thrombophilia, homocysteine, ß2‐glycoprotein antibodies, and other laboratory values on the assisted primary patency.ResultsForty‐three grafts in 43 patients were included. The overall mean assisted primary patency was 18.4 months (±3.16 SE). Activated protein C resistance (p = 0.01) and ß2‐glycoprotein antibodies (p = 0.018) had a significant influence on the assisted primary patency. The assisted primary patency for patients with low (<4) activated protein C resistance was 9.3 months compared to 24.8 of those with a high (≥4) activated protein C resistance. Patients with low (≤2.6) ß2‐glycoprotein antibodies presented an assisted primary patency of 31.8 months whereas those with high (>2.6) ß2‐glycoprotein antibodies showed 9.3 months. In all patients with a pathologic activated protein C resistance, a heterozygous or homozygous Factor V Leiden thrombophilia was detected.ConclusionsThis study identified low activated protein C resistance and high ß2‐glycoprotein antibodies as risk factors for thrombosis in polytetrafluoroethylene arteriovenous grafts. A prospective study is needed to clarify if oral anticoagulation should be administered to all patients with a pathologic activated protein C resistance blood value and/or factor V Leiden mutation.
Self‐injury in young bisexual people: A microlongitudinal investigation (SIBL) of thwarted belongingness and self‐esteem on non‐suicidal self‐injury
Authors: Dunlop Brendan J. , Coleman Sophie E. , Hartley Samantha , Carter Lesley‐Anne , Taylor Peter J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBisexual people are at an elevated risk for non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Psychological factors including self‐esteem and thwarted belongingness may help explain this risk. The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between self‐esteem, thwarted belongingness and NSSI urges and behavior in young bisexual people.MethodsParticipants aged 16–25 from 25 countries took part in this microlongitudinal online survey study (N = 207). Mixed‐effects linear and logistic regression were used for analysis, given the nested structure of data. Analysis examined the relationship between self‐esteem and thwarted belongingness on NSSI urges and behavior at the same point in time, and lagged by one week.ResultsAt the same timepoint, self‐esteem and thwarted belongingness both had significant between‐ and within‐person associations with NSSI urges and behavior. For lagged models, self‐esteem had significant between‐person effects on urges, and thwarted belongingness had significant within‐person effects. For NSSI behavior, both variables were only associated with between‐person effects.ConclusionFindings support previous research suggesting the importance of self‐esteem in explaining NSSI among sexual minorities. Preventative and intervention strategies to improve self‐esteem may help reduce NSSI risk. Future studies should focus upon the experiences of bisexual people with intersecting identities and ensure that studies are statistically powered from inception to detect effects.
Narcissism dynamics
Authors: Edershile Elizabeth A. , Wright Aidan G. C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe scientific study of narcissism has accelerated in recent years. However, this literature has primarily been cross‐sectional and descriptive in nature, making it difficult to integrate with theories of narcissism, which instead emphasize various dynamics. Theoretical work construes narcissism as a complex dynamical system with processes that interact to contribute to narcissism expression and maintenance. We begin by reviewing theoretical accounts of narcissism and what they suggest about dynamic processes. We then review research that examines processes associated with narcissism in naturalistic settings. Integrating clinical theories with empirical work, we highlight remaining tensions in the field and discuss major conceptual considerations. For example, we discuss the role of entitlement and antagonistic behavior within narcissism and the need to identify the temporal ordering of various processes (e.g., self‐esteem fluctuations and fluctuations in grandiosity and vulnerability). In light of limitations of the existing literature, we then discuss methodological barriers that currently limit the ability to fully align empirical research with theorized processes within narcissism.
THE MARKING OF MASS, COUNT AND PLURAL DENOTATIONS IN MULTI‐DIMENSIONAL PARADIGMS*
Authors: Caha Pavel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the morphology of nouns in pseudo‐partitive constructions, noun‐numeral constructions and plurals. The data discussed reveal a *ABA pattern that restricts syncretism among these categories. Specifically, in the sequence pseudo‐partitive, counting form and plural, only adjacent forms can be syncretic. I argue that the constraint can be derived from a particular morphosyntactic structure, where, following Borer (2005), mass nouns have the smallest structure, count nouns (found after numerals) are derived by dividing the mass into units, and plural is derived by restricting the count denotation to pluralities. The article further investigates how the relevant forms interact with case marking, and suggests that the forms should be organized into a two‐dimensional paradigm space where syncretic forms occupy contiguous regions.
Enhancing crop diversity for food security in the face of climate uncertainty
Authors: Zsögön Agustin , Peres Lázaro E. P. , Xiao Yingjie , Yan Jianbing , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYGlobal agriculture is dominated by a handful of species that currently supply a huge proportion of our food and feed. It additionally faces the massive challenge of providing food for 10 billion people by 2050, despite increasing environmental deterioration. One way to better plan production in the face of current and continuing climate change is to better understand how our domestication of these crops included their adaptation to environments that were highly distinct from those of their centre of origin. There are many prominent examples of this, including the development of temperate Zea mays (maize) and the alteration of day‐length requirements in Solanum tuberosum (potato). Despite the pre‐eminence of some 15 crops, more than 50 000 species are edible, with 7000 of these considered semi‐cultivated. Opportunities afforded by next‐generation sequencing technologies alongside other methods, including metabolomics and high‐throughput phenotyping, are starting to contribute to a better characterization of a handful of these species. Moreover, the first examples of de novo domestication have appeared, whereby key target genes are modified in a wild species in order to confer predictable traits of agronomic value. Here, we review the scale of the challenge, drawing extensively on the characterization of past agriculture to suggest informed strategies upon which the breeding of future climate‐resilient crops can be based.
‘You're stuffed, bear!’: Geography's colonial legacies in the ‘Paddington Empire’
Authors: Seitz David K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs academic geographers continue to investigate popular geographical knowledges and imaginations beyond the bounds of academic publications, less attention has been given to moments when popular geographies reverse the gaze, expressly lifting the curtain on the production of knowledge by those of us who call ourselves professional geographers. What could turning to popular culture tell professional geographers about perceptions of our discipline, its history of complicity with imperialism, and its practices of knowledge production? This paper offers some partial answers by turning to an English popular cultural metaseries that is remarkably explicit and dynamic in its depiction of geography: Michael Bond's Paddington Bear franchise, or as Bond ironically referred to it, the “Paddington Empire.” From the very first Paddington story published in 1958 to the 2014 feature film, the Paddington franchise scrutinises geography and stages the work of professional geographical institutions, from the Royal Geographical Society to the imaginary “Geographers' Guild of Great Britain.” Drawing on archival work in Bond's collected papers, interviews, contextualising scholarship, journalism, and careful readings of the Paddington texts, I argue that the Paddington Empire iteratively reprises colonial encounters, at times in troubling ways, but also offers insightful critiques of extractive forms of geographical knowledge production.
Thick Si-Doped DLC Coatings With High Load Bearing Capacity on Cold Working Tool Steels by PECVD
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Sui Xudong , Zhang Shuaituo , Yan Mingming , Lu Yan , Hao Junying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For improving the wear resistance, thick silicon doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-SiC:H) coatings were deposited on cold working tool steels by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technology. The increase of the acetylene (C2H2) flow rate distinctly tuned the microstructure of a-SiC:H coatings, including an increase in the coating thickness (&gt;15 µm), a decrease in the silicon content, a greater sp2/sp3 ratio, and higher degree of graphitization. The highest hardness of 19.61 GPa and the greatest critical load of 50.7 N were obtained. The coating showed low wear rate against different friction pairs and presented excellent abrasive wear resistance at high applied load and the wear rate decreased with increasing loads, which exhibited an outstanding application prospect in cold working tool steels.
Impact of COVID-19 on carers of children with tracheostomies
Authors: Hall Nicola , Rousseau Nikki , Hamilton David W , Simpson A John , Powell Steven , Brodlie Malcolm , Powell Jason 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences of caregivers of children with tracheostomies.DesignQualitative semistructured interviews.SettingAll participants were currently, or had previously cared for, a tracheostomised child who had attended a tertiary care centre in the North of England. Health professionals were purposively sampled to include accounts from a range of professions from primary, community, secondary and tertiary care.ParticipantsCarers of children with tracheostomies (n=34), including health professionals (n=17) and parents (n=17).InterventionsInterviews were undertaken between July 2020 and February 2021 by telephone or video link.Main outcome measureQualitative reflexive thematic analysis with QSR NVivo V.12.ResultsThe pandemic has presented an additional and, for some, substantial challenge when caring for tracheostomised children, but this was not always felt to be the most overriding concern. Interviews demonstrated rapid adaptation, normalisation and varying degrees of stoicism and citizenship around constantly changing pandemic-related requirements, rules and regulations. This paper focuses on four key themes: ‘reconceptualising safe care and safe places’; ‘disrupted support and isolation’; ‘relationships, trust and communication’; and ‘coping with uncertainty and shifting boundaries of responsibility’. These are described within the context of the impact on the child, the emotional and physical well-being of carers and the challenges to maintaining the values of family-centred care.ConclusionsAs we move to the next phase of the pandemic, we need to understand the impact on vulnerable groups so that their needs can be prioritised.
Co-occurring violent discipline of children and intimate partner violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic search and secondary analysis of national datasets
Authors: Bott Sarah , Ruiz-Celis Ana P , Mendoza Jennifer Adams , Guedes Alessandra 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionIntersections between violent discipline (physical punishment and/or verbal aggression) of children and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women have received growing international attention. This study aimed to determine how many Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries had national data on co-occurring IPV and violent discipline in the same household, how estimates compared and whether violent discipline was significantly associated with IPV.MethodsA systematic search (following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines) was used to identify which LAC countries had eligible, national co-occurrence data. The most recent eligible dataset in each country was obtained and reanalysed for comparability. Standardised national estimates were produced for prevalence of violent discipline, physical and/or sexual IPV and co-occurrence among ever partnered women of reproductive age living with a child aged 1–14. Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions produced levels and odds ratios (ORs) of physical punishment and verbal aggression in households affected by IPV (past year and before past year) compared with never, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsNine countries had eligible datasets. Co-occurring physical punishment with past year IPV ranged from 1.7% (Nicaragua) to 17.5% (Bolivia); and with IPV ever from 6.0% (Nicaragua) to 21.2% (Haiti). In almost all countries, children in IPV affected households experienced significantly higher levels and ORs of physical punishment and verbal aggression, whether IPV occurred during or before the past year. Significant adjusted ORs of physical punishment ranged from 1.52 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.10) in Jamaica to 3.63 (95% CI 3.26 to 4.05) in Mexico for past year IPV; and from 1.50 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.83) in Nicaragua to 2.52 (95% CI 2.30 to 2.77) in Mexico for IPV before past year.ConclusionsIPV is a significant risk factor for violent discipline, but few national surveys in LAC measure both. Co-occurrence merits greater attention from policymakers and researchers.
Hospitalisations for pelvic inflammatory disease in young Aboriginal women living in remote Australia: the role of chlamydia and gonorrhoea
Authors: Causer Louise , Liu Bette , Watts Caroline , McManus Hamish , Donovan Basil , Ward James , Guy Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveAboriginal women living in remote Australia experience a high burden of both chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections and disproportionately high rates of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). We estimated for the first time the fraction of PID attributable to these infections in young Aboriginal women living in these settings.MethodsUsing published data from two large Australian studies (2002–2013; 2010–2014), we calculated the fraction of emergency department presentations and hospitalisations for PID attributable to chlamydia and/or gonorrhoea infection in Aboriginal women aged 16–29 years living in remote Australia. We used a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the mean and 95% CIs for the assumed prevalence and population attributable fractions for PID for infection stratifications (chlamydia only, gonorrhoea only and dual infection) as well as for any infection (chlamydia and/or gonorrhoea). Additional outputs were calculated for chlamydia infection with/without gonorrhoea coinfection, and vice versa.ResultsThe prevalence of chlamydia only was 12.9% (95% CI: 11.6% to 14.2%), gonorrhoea only was 7.8% (95% CI: 6.6% to 8.9%) and dual infection was 6.5% (95% CI: 5.8% to 7.2%); rate ratios of PID were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.3), 5.2 (95% CI: 4.3 to 6.4) and 4.6 (95% CI: 3.8 to 5.5), respectively. The overall fraction of PID attributable to chlamydia and/or gonorrhoea was 40.2% (95% CI: 36.0% to 44.4%); any gonorrhoea was 33.4% (95% CI: 29.2% to 37.8%) and any chlamydia was 20.6% (95% CI: 16.9% to 24.6%).ConclusionOur study demonstrates the importance of calculating the fraction of PID related to chlamydia and gonorrhoea in the local context, demonstrating the major contribution gonorrhoea makes to PID hospitalisations among Australian Aboriginal women living in remote settings. To significantly and sustainably reduce the unacceptable rate of PID in this population, strategies are urgently needed to improve timely testing and treatment and recognition and management of PID in primary care.