bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les conflits du travail dans l’industrie textile à Paris sous le Second Empire
Authors: Albert Anaïs 
Published: December 2021

L’industrie textile parisienne est mal connue pour le Second Empire, période qui est également moins présente dans l’histoire des mobilisations ouvrières. À travers une analyse des jugements prud’homaux du Conseil des tissus en 1858, cet article propose de revisiter la conflictualité de ce secteur industriel, pour interroger à la fois l’organisation du travail, les différents motifs de conflit (malfaçon, délai de congé, paiement, apprentissage) et les rapports de force ordinaires entre patrons et ouvriers. Les prud’hommes apparaissent finalement comme le lieu d’expression d’un niveau intermédiaire de conflictualité, entre les relations de travail pacifiques et la mobilisation collective. Les ouvriers et ouvrières parisiens recourent largement à ce tribunal qui leur est favorable, pour y débattre majoritairement de leurs rémunérations. L’étude de ces conflits du travail dans les années 1850 permet de poser un jalon entre les révoltes et les révolutions du premier XIX e siècle et l’émergence de nouvelles formes de mobilisations à la fin du siècle.
Des bureaucraties interconnectées ? Comparaison des réseaux en ligne et hors-ligne durant les négociations mondiales sur le climat
Authors: Goritz Alexandra , Jörgens Helge , Kolleck Nina 
Published: December 2021

La mesure de l’influence des administrations publiques internationales s’effectue généralement sur la base de données « hors-ligne », à l’aide d’entretiens, d’enquêtes ou de documents officiels. Cependant, un nouveau courant de la littérature soutient que l’influence peut aussi s’observer « en ligne », grâce à des données basées sur les réseaux sociaux en ligne, tels que Twitter. Notre contribution vise à rapprocher ces deux courants. Nous triangulons des données hors-ligne issues d’une enquête axée sur un grand nombre de cas avec des données en ligne issues de Twitter afin d’examiner dans quelle mesure elles apportent des éclairages théoriques et méthodologiques distincts sur le rôle des administrations publiques internationales dans la gouvernance mondiale. En guise d’étude de cas, nous utilisons le domaine stratégique de la gouvernance climatique mondiale, un domaine où l’influence des administrations publiques internationales suscite un intérêt croissant de la part des chercheurs. Nos résultats montrent que les administrations publiques internationales occupent des positions potentiellement influentes dans les réseaux tant « hors-ligne » qu’« en ligne ». Elles sont plus souvent des acteurs incontournables dans le réseau lié aux enquêtes que dans le réseau Twitter, mais elles constituent la principale source d’informations propres à une question dans les deux réseaux. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Premièrement, les réseaux sociaux en ligne offrent aux praticiens la possibilité de se connecter et d’interagir avec d’autres acteurs politiques et contribuent à façonner le discours public par la communication. Deuxièmement, les réseaux sociaux en ligne constituent des tribunes importantes pour les acteurs sociétaux qui visent à protéger les biens publics mondiaux. Troisièmement, les réseaux sociaux en ligne offrent aux acteurs la possibilité de définir des valeurs et des normes, et de convaincre des personnes ou des organisations au-delà de leur propre cercle. Il est donc particulièrement important que les stratégies de communication en ligne soient conçues et mises en œuvre avec soin, compte tenu de leur influence potentielle.
EduGram: Education Development Based on Hologram Technology
Authors: Ahmad Asma S. , Alomaier Alaa T. , Elmahal Doaa M. , Abdlfatah Reem F. , Ibrahim Dina M. 
Published: December 2021

Education is one of the most important areas of life that affect the development and progress of societies, and the usage of images and visual representation methods is of real value in the educating process. Over time, different simple methods were used to display the information visually, which mostly are considered weak methods that may not perform its full purpose and the information may be transferred slowly and in an incomplete manner. Technology has contributed from the beginning of its emergence in the development of education and improve its output, and one of the most prominent contributions made by technology is the developments in the field of displaying information visually using different technologies, as the three-dimensional displaying technologies that are considered as an advanced solution which provides people with a more comprehensive view and facilitates the task of transferring information to learners and so improving the educating process. Many technologies are used to create and display the 3D visual content, and two of the most important 3D display technologies are Augmented Reality technology and Hologram technology, they both insert a three-dimensional image to the real world, but there are many differences between the two technologies in many aspects. In the first part of this research, and after defining and comparing the two technologies and the effect of each one on education, Hologram technology showed features that enabled it to be a suitable option to be used in education for displaying 3D educational content. This research then introduces the method for implementing the usage of Hologram technology in education as a 3D educational content displaying tool, introducing an implementation model by first transferring a sample of a 2D educational image to Holograms and using the Hologram fan projector to display it to the students. The results of a simple questionnaire on a number of people showed the effectiveness of using Holograms instead of the traditional 2D content found in school curricula, and a good level of people's acceptance to use this technology.
Correlation of Serum Lipoprotein (a) Levels with Angiographic Lesion Severity in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kulkarni Vineet , Shetty Sukanya , Subramanya K. , Chakraborty Anirban , Patil Prakash , Bhandary Roopa , Kundapur Rashmi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The several epidemiological and meta-analysis studies suggested that the elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) level is associated to cause the coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the role of this pro-atherogenic Lp (a) in regulating the severity of angiographic lesions in CAD is poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the serum Lp (a) level and find its correlation with angiographic lesion severity in subjects with CAD.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 107 subjects angiographic lesion severity was determined by SYNergy between percutaneous coronary interventions with TAXUS and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) scoring system and grouped into mild (<22) and severe (≤22) based on the SYNTAX score. The serum Lp (a) concentration in subjects' serum was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay.

Results:
The median Lp (a) level of all subjects was found to be 14.8 mg/dL, it was higher in severe angiographic lesion group (18.9 mg/dL, interquartile range [IQR]: 12.3–24.4) when compared to mild group (13.7 mg/dL, IQR: 6.6–18.6). The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the relationship between serum Lp (a) level and angiographic lesion severity in mild and severe subjects is not statistically significant except with the mild group female subjects.

Conclusions:
Overall, this study does not support the association of angiographic lesion severity with serum Lp (a) levels in CAD. To infer precisely, similar studies with more subjects are needed to confirm this study's findings.
Clinical Profile of Patients of ASD Device Closure with Special Reference to Short and Intermediate Term Complications
Authors: Gaidhane Pramesh , Prajapati Jayesh , Patel Iva Vipul , Bhutada Bhagyashri , Yadav Chandrashekhar , Yadav Krishan , Panakkal Benny Jose 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) is a treatment of choice in selected patients with a suitable defect. We aimed to evaluate short- and intermediate-term outcomes with device closure in special reference to complications in Western Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
The present prospective observational study enrolled 184 patients with ASD who underwent Device closure. All patients were followed at 15–30 days (short) and 3–12 months (intermediate).

Results:
Device closure of ASD was done successfully in 180 (97.83%) patients. Systolic (P = 0.02), diastolic (P = 0.007), and mean PA (P = 0.0001) pressure were significantly decreased at postprocedure. Residual defect was resolved in 94.2% of patients by 6 months. Preprocedural Pulmonary artery hypertension was found in 36 (19.56%) patients and was reduced in 15 (8.15%) patients postprocedure and in 10 (5.43%) patients at 1 year. Residual shunt was reported in 34% of patients which was resolved in all by 6 months. At postprocedure and follow–up, patients were developed minor complications included (0.5%) moderate MR, 1 (0.5%) lower respiratory tract infection, and 3 (1.6%) local site hematoma. Eleven (5.98%) major complications involved arrythmia (2.17%), infective endocarditis (0.54%), LAA perforation (0.54%), cardioembolic shock (0.54%), device embolization (0.54%), sudden cardiac arrest (0.54%), intraprocedural acute coronary syndrome (0.54%), and cardiac tamponade (0.54%).

Conclusion:
Device closure appears to be best available option at the present time. Careful attention to the details of the technique is mandatory to achieve a successful outcome in order to avoid complication related to procedure. Patients of all ages experience reduction in pulmonary artery pressure after percutaneous device closure of ASD.
A Causal Model for the Control of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Using a new Temperamental Personality Theory in the General Population of Western Iran
Authors: Zakiei Ali , Khazaie Habibolah , Alimoradi Mohammadreza , Kadivarian Amirmehdi , Rajabi-Gilan Nader , Komasi Saeid 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Given the need for further studies on health-promoting behaviors, the present study aimed to investigate the antecedents of controlling risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) according to the affective and emotional composite temperament (AFECT) model and the mediating role of self-regulation.

Materials and Methods:
The samples of this cross-sectional study included 776 people resident in Kermanshah in Western Iran in 2019. The participants were selected using a cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the controlling the risk factors for cardiovascular disease questionnaire (CRC), the short form self-regulation questionnaire, and the AFECT scale. The structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

Results:
The analysis results indicated that there was a significant correlation between dimensions of AFECT and self-regulation with the control of risk factors for CVDs. The results also indicated that the dimensions of AFECT did not directly affect the control of risk factors for CVDs, but the mediating role of self-regulation was confirmed in this regard.

Conclusion:
According to the results, the dimensions of AFECT could affect the control of risk factors for CVDs through self-regulation; hence, the role of self-regulation in controlling CVDs should be taken into account.
The Role of Insulin Level on the Biofilm-Forming Capacity in Diabetes-Related Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Abed Wasan Ghanim , Al-Shawk Refif Sabih , Jassim Kifah Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is more prone to get infections and the most common infection is urinary tract infection (UTI), most of the causative agents are related to biofilms, biofilm-forming capacity affected by host factors such as glucose and others.

Aims:
The objective of this research was to see how insulin affects the biofilm-forming capacity that most common pathogens associated with diabetic patients in different isolates.

Materials and Methods:
The objective was investigated by comparing the amounts of serum insulin in UTI patients to those without UTI whether the patients with T2DM or nondiabetic. The study was conducted on 40 T2DM patients divided into 20 patients with UTI and 20 without UTI, and 40 nondiabetic control subjects 20 with UTI and 20 patients without UTI. Serum insulin levels were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results:
The mean concentration of serum insulin was a highly significant increase in T2DM in comparison to the nondiabetic control group. Pseudomonas auroginosa was the strongest biofilm producer isolate.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, insulin's direct effect was elevated the capability of biofilm formation. This contributes to a better knowledge of the causes of frequent bacterial infections in diabetics.
Diastolic Dysfunction in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Ejection Fraction
Authors: Abbas Shakir Khudhair , Fadhil Safaa Hasan , Elaebi Hachim Rasan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Hypertension is the main cause of death and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. LV hypertrophy (LVH) in the hypertensive patient has two types: eccentric and concentric which are classified according to the posterior wall thickness to LV end-diastolic dimensions.

Aim of Study:
The left ventricular diastolic function in age- and sex-matched patients with hypertension and and normal left ventricular ejection fraction was compared in the study.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 110 patients were enrolled in this study in Ibn Al-Bitar Cardiac Center from April 2013 to June 2014. History and examination were performed on each patient, then LV mass index (LVMI) was measured by echocardiography and patients were classified into two groups eccentric and concentric LVH. LV diastolic function was differentiated using echocardiography by measurements of left atrial volume index (LAVI), E wave, and A waves, the (E/A) ratio, transmitral deceleration time (DT), e' wave and the (E/e').

Results:
LVMIs did not differ between the concentric and eccentric LVH groups. The diastolic function parameters such as LAVI, E/A ratio DT, and e' wave did not differ in both groups. Concentric LVH has E/e' significantly higher (mean ± standard deviation [SD] =12.82 ± 4.4) than those with eccentric LVH (mean ± SD = 10.37 ± 3.2).

Conclusion:
In patients with hypertension and LVH, concentric LVH group may be susceptible to worse diastolic dysfunction of LV than the eccentric LVH group with a similar LVMI, so we can predict the severity of diastolic dysfunction (higher E/e' ratio) by classifying LVH into concentric and eccentric.
Comparative Study between Effect of Niclosamide and Vitamin C on Methotrexate-Induced Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Zeki Zainab Saad , Al-Gareeb Ali I. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Niclosamide is an old drug used before in the treatment of tapeworms, its main mechanism of action is through the amelioration of mitochondrial-free radical generation. It has been thought that free radical generation has an important role in methotrexate-induced liver injury. Vitamin C, an antioxidant agent, has an essential role in the methotrexate-induced oxidative stress (OS) pathways in mice hepatocytes.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with Vitamin C in different doses and niclosamide in different doses on liver injury, when we induced liver injury with methotrexate.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-two albino mice were divided equally into six groups, the first group was considered as “the control group,” which received a normal saline solution, the second group was considered as “Methotrexate group,” third and fourth groups were orally pretreated with “niclosamide at a dose (70 mg/kg/day) and (140 mg/kg/day)” respectively, fifth and sixth groups were orally pretreated with “Vitamin C at a dose (100 mg/kg/day) and (200 mg/kg/day),” respectively, all groups, except the control group, were injected with “Methotrexate (20 mg/kg)” intraperitoneally on the 10th day, to induced hepatotoxicity and assessed the effect of the pretreatment with these medications on OS biomarker and histopathological alteration that induced by methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity.

Results:
It was found that pretreatment with niclosamide 70 mg/kg/day and 140 mg/kg/day and Vitamin C 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day, in mice injected with methotrexate, led to a decrease in “liver function tests, OS parameters, as well as improvement in liver tissue.” There was an improvement in “serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde” in addition to an improvement in “histological appearance,” but it was noted that pretreatment with niclosamide gives a better improvement in “liver function, OS, and liver tissue.”

Conclusion:
Niclosamide is better than Vitamin C in protecting the hepatocytes against methotrexate-induced liver injury, also niclosamide and Vitamin C have a dose-dependent protecting effect against methotrexate-induced liver injury.
The Value of Combination of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Breast Masses
Authors: Mahmmud Narmein Abdsattar , Ahmed Sahar Basim , Othman Ansam Moyaser 
Published: December 2021

Aim of the study:
The aim was to characterize benign and malignant breast lesions on the basis of their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphology and dynamic contrast enhancement in combination with the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at 1.5 T MRI, along with histopathological correlation.

Patients and Methods:
In this prospective study, 56 patients with suspicious breast mass who underwent 1.5 T MRI and proved by histopathology were included. Morphology was studied depending on the MRI signal intensity and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging plus kinetic curve of enhancement of breast lesions. DWI and ADC values were calculated at b values of 0, 600, and 850 s/mm. The ADC value and histopathology correlation were analyzed.

Results:
Out of the 56 lesions, 27 lesions were histologically malignant (48.2%) and 29 were histologically benign (51.8%), with age range between 25 and 75 years, with a mean of 54.1 years, and with a standard deviation of ±12.69 years. The MRI results found a sensitivity (SN) of 85.2%, a specificity (SP) of 72.4%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 74.2%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 84%, and an accuracy of 78.6%. The DWI findings were as follows: 100% SN, 82.8% SP, 84.4% PPV, 100% NPV, and 85.3% accuracy. The combined MRI interpretation and DWI and ADC findings were as follows: 100% SN, 92.1% SP, 71.1% PPV, 100% NPV, and 86.4% accuracy. All malignant lesions showed restriction at DWI, while only 17.2% of the benign lesions are restricted at DWI. The mean of ADC value was higher in benign cases as compared to the malignant lesions (0.815 vs. 1.287 × 10−3) with statistically significant difference (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The combination of contrast-enhanced breast MRI with DWI and ADC value increases the diagnostic accuracy and SP in the characterization of benign and malignant breast lesions.
Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Umashankar Krishnapriya , Jayaraj Gifrina , Sherlin Herald J. , Don K. R. , Santhanam Archana 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are calcium-dependent and zinc-containing endopeptidases which enhance cancer progression by regulating angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, and invasion. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies in India, and it is observed over 90% of cases. In OSCC, MMP9 which belongs to the gelatinase group promotes tumor progression by angiogenesis, disturbing tissue morphology that allows tumor growth which breaks the basement membrane and enables metastasis, and its overexpression in OSCC is proven to have prognostic value.

Aim and Objectives:
To assess the expression of MMP9 in OSCC and to correlate the MMP9 expression with pathological staging of the OSCC.

Materials and Methods:
Ten OSCC tissue samples and normal tissue samples were collected. Total RNA was extracted and the complementary DNA was generated. The specific primers used in the primers were synthesized. Total reaction volume was 20 μl. The polymerase chain reaction condition included 95°C for 30 s followed by 40 cycles of two steps: 95°C for 5 s and 60°C for 30 s. The relative quantification of genes was evaluated.

Results:
Upregulation of MMP9 gene regulation was observed in OSCC tissue samples when compared to the controls. Correlating with the pathological staging, we observed that 30% tumors were stage IVA with involvement of adjacent structures and 30% had lymph node involvement.

Conclusion:
This study is done to assess the possibility of MMP9 gene expression as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC.
Prevalence of Breakthrough Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea Vomiting in Patients on Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Lokkur Pooja P. , Mahanta Neelakshi , Kalita Naba Kumar , Deka Hitesh , Kutum Niharika , Ray Arpita 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a distressing side-effect of cancer chemotherapy which may lead to noncompliance with treatment or delay in treatment. Breakthrough nausea and vomiting is the current unmet need in the management in of CINV.

Objectives:
The present study was planned to determine the prevalence of breakthrough CINV in patients on highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and to evaluate the need for rescue medications in them.

Materials and Methods:
The present observational study was conducted on chemotherapy-naive patients, who were scheduled to receive HEC. The patients who received at least 2 cycles of HEC over a 1-year study period enrolled as a study sample. All patients were subjected to a questionnaire which consists of the demographic details, details of disease and prescribed chemotherapy, and probable risk factors for CINV. The severity of nausea vomiting was calculated using the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer antiemetic tool. The incidence of breakthrough nausea vomiting was assessed and accordingly the rescue medication was used.

Results:
A total of 100 patients received at least 2 cycles of HEC which consisted of breast carcinomas (n = 74), ovarian carcinoma (n = 13), lung carcinoma (n = 2), periampullary carcinoma (n = 3), sarcoma (n = 4), lymphoma (n = 3), and seminoma (n = 1). Anthracycline-cyclophosphamide combination for breast cancer was the most prescribed chemotherapy regimen. Forty-six patients developed breakthrough nausea/vomiting. Domperidone followed by olanzapine was the preferred rescue medications used. History of CINV in previous cycle and young age (<50 years) were the risk factors associated with breakthrough nausea vomiting in our study.

Conclusion:
Breakthrough nausea vomiting is a major challenge in patients receiving HEC regimen.