bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators for local health plan monitoring and evaluation: A modified Delphi consensus
Authors: Santos João Vasco , Martins Filipa Santos , Vidal‐Castro Joana , Silva‐Rocha Sofia , Areias Rita , Oliveira António , Santos Sandra , Lamelas Cristina , Amorim Helena , Martins Alexandra , Vieira Mariana , Ramos João Pedro , Pinto Marta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is still a lack of health indicators for monitoring and evaluating health planning at the local level. In Portugal, local health plans (LHP) include a prioritized set of health priorities, which should be monitored and evaluated. This study is an example of a low‐resource method to identify and reuse indicators for LHP monitoring and evaluation already collected for other purposes.Design and sampleA modified Delphi consensus method was applied, with three rounds of email rating questionnaires and a final meeting, between January 2018 and January 2019. The Delphi panel consisted of eight members from the Planning and Administration Group of the Espinho/Gaia Local Public Health Unit.MeasurementsPanelists were asked to assess the indicators’ validity for monitoring diseases/determinants from a pre‐selected list of potential binomials between 140 PHC indicators and 15 diseases/determinants.ResultsAfter four rounds, there was consensus in considering 141 binomials (34.0%) as appropriate, diabetes mellitus being the disease with more appropriate indicators.ConclusionThis study portrays the applicability of a commonly used, easy and low‐resource method in a Portuguese Local Public Health Unit to select and reuse primary health care indicators for LHP monitoring and evaluation.
Aerothermal Characteristics of Surface-Mounted Round-Edged Slit Ribs With Performance Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sharma Vaibhav , Tariq Andallib 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The author has investigated the aerothermal characteristics of round-edged ribs with a continuous slit. The experiments have been performed by mounting an array of ribs on the bottom wall inside a rectangular duct. Heat transfer characteristics have been measured using liquid crystal thermography (LCT), whereas flow characteristics have been measured using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (2D-PIV) technique. Experiments have been performed for flow over a rib having ∼20% blockage ratio and 10% open area ratio. Geometrical parameters considered for the study are slit angle (α) and rib pitch-to-height ratio (p/e). Experiments have been performed for three distinct rib configurations having α values, i.e., 0 deg, 5 deg, and 10 deg with different arrangements having p/e values of 5, 10, and 15, at four Reynolds number ranges from 6200 to 12200. The heat transfer results are evaluated by examining the surface and spanwise-averaged distribution of augmented Nusselt number (Nu/Nu0, and Nux¯/Nuo,x¯ respectively). Flow field results are explained within the inter-rib region by examining the time-averaged normalized velocity fields, streamlines, fluctuation statistics, and vorticity distribution. The results show that the flow coming out from the rib geometry significantly affects the heat transfer and flow behavior. Further, the impact of geometrical design parameters (α and p/e) on different performance parameters, i.e., overall averaged augmented Nusselt number (Nu/Nu0¯), friction factor ratio (f/f0), and thermal performance factor (TPF) has been analyzed at all four Reynolds numbers using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Finally, the desired correlations for the performance parameters have been documented and found in accord with an uncertainty range of ±10%.
Social work and economic justice in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Kaloga Marissa 
Published: December 2021

The social work profession is dedicated to the promotion of social and economic justice, but often has a limited appreciation of what economic justice actually looks like either in theory or practice. Economic justice, a form of distributive justice, assesses how fairly economic resources are distributed in a society. Currently, in Aotearoa New Zealand, both income and wealth inequality have reached historically high levels. Inequality research has demonstrated a causal link between inequality and a host of social and health issues that, while they impact society as a whole, affect the nation’s most marginalised populations to an increasingly greater degree. Social work literature in Aotearoa New Zealand has limited research in this area. This introductory article will begin with an overview of concepts related to economic justice, such as distributive justice, income inequality, and wealth inequality. Following this is an overview of the 2020 Economic Justice Online Forum and an exploration of the implications for social work.
Shining a light on food insecurity in Aotearoa New Zealand: Modification of a food security scale for use with individuals who have extreme food security needs
Authors: Robinson Helen , Deane Kelsey L. , Bartley Allen , Alansari Mohamed , Neuwelt-Kearns Caitlin 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION: Food insecurity in Aotearoa New Zealand is a growing concern but quantitative evidence focused on those in most need of support is scarce in the Aotearoa New Zealand context. This limits policy and practice decisions.METHODS: We modified Parnell and Gray’s (2014) Aotearoa New Zealand based food security scale to better capture the severity of food insecurity for individuals living in poverty and used a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of individuals seeking food assistance from foodbanks in Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland). We used confirmatory factor analysis to assess the psychometric validity of the modified scale. We also tested group differences in food insecurity by gender and ethnicity using analysis of variance and investigated correlations between age, household size and food insecurity.FINDINGS: We found a six-item version of Parnell and Gray’s (2014) scale to be psychometrically robust for use with the study population. The sample participants reported concerning and chronic levels of food insecurity. We did not find any group differences.CONCLUSIONS: At the severe end of the food insecurity continuum, gender and ethnic subgroups appear to suffer at similar levels; however, this does not suggest that different approaches are not required to best meet the needs of different demographic subgroups. Further research is needed to ascertain how similar levels of food insecurity may produce differential effects on wellbeing outcomes for different groups. We recommend more widespread and regular use of the modified scale to assess the experience and impact of food insecurity for individuals living in poverty because it provides a more fine-grained understanding of the severity of food insecurity challenges experienced by individuals seeking food assistance. Fit for purpose measures enable accurate assessments that can better inform policymaking and practice decisions to reduce inequality and promote economic justice.
Human rights and housing unaffordability: Applying policy practice engagement to a wicked problem
Authors: Webster Michael 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION: In working with marginalised communities, social workers are confronted with the consequences of housing unaffordability. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by Aotearoa New Zealand, identifies housing deprivation as a human right of relevance to social work. This study explores the application of the Policy Practice Engagement (PPE) framework (Gal & Weiss-Gal, 2015) as a tool by which social workers can contribute to policy-making processes to address the human right to affordable housing.METHOD: The project used a descriptive/exploratory design. Data were collected by semi- structured interviews of eight subject matter experts in housing affordability: two public sector economists; one private sector economist/developer; two public sector urban planners; one public policy advisor; one non-governmental policy analyst; and one private sector housing strategist. Data were analysed thematically, followed by an inter-rater process.FINDINGS: Participants identified human rights as relevant to the wicked problem (Grint, 2005) of housing affordability. Participants also identified political, economic and environmental factors impacting affordable housing. They considered that these factors are found in local body planning regulations, leading to land supply constraints. Some participants considered that housing unaffordability is the price paid to live in liveable cities.CONCLUSIONS: The PPE framework offers a conceptual structure through which social workers can address housing unaffordability. By understanding the factors causing unaffordability, social workers are enabled to examine why and how they should contribute to policy processes.
The Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition: A Bifactor Model, Dimensionality, and Measurement Invariance
Authors: Salami Sedigheh , Bandeira Paulo Felipe Ribeiro , Gomes Cristiano Mauro Assis , Dehkordi Parvaneh Shamsipour 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To examine the latent structure of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition (TGMD-3) with a bifactor modeling approach. In addition, the study examines the dimensionality and model-based reliability of general and specific contributions of the test’s subscales and measurement invariance of the TGMD-3. Methods: A convenience sample of (N = 496; Mage = 7.23 ± 2.03 years; 53.8% female) typically developed children participated in this study. Three alternative measurement models were tested: (a) a unidimensional model, (b) a correlated two-factor model, and (c) a bifactor model. Results: The totality of results, including item loadings, goodness-of-fit indexes, and reliability estimates, all supported the bifactor model and strong evidence of a general factor, namely gross motor competence. Additionally, the reliability of subscale scores was poor, and it is thus contended that scoring, reporting, and interpreting of the subscales scores are probably not justifiable. Conclusions: This study shows the advantages of using bifactor approach to examine the TGMD-3 factor structure and suggests that the two traditionally hypothesized factors are better understood as “grouping” factors rather than as representative of latent constructs. In addition, our findings demonstrate that the bifactor model appears invariant for sex.
Hospital utilization for hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes using pooled data from six health systems
Authors: Pilla Scott J , Kraschnewski Jennifer L , Lehman Erik B , Kong Lan , Francis Erica , Poger Jennifer M , Bryce Cindy L , Maruthur Nisa M , Yeh Hsin-Chieh 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionHypoglycemia is the most common serious adverse effect of diabetes treatment and a major cause of medication-related hospitalization. This study aimed to identify trends and predictors of hospital utilization for hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes using electronic health record data pooled from six academic health systems.Research design and methodsThis retrospective open cohort study included 549 041 adults with type 2 diabetes receiving regular care from the included health systems between 2009 and 2019. The primary outcome was the yearly event rate for hypoglycemia hospital utilization: emergency department visits, observation visits, or inpatient admissions for hypoglycemia identified using a validated International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD-9) algorithm from 2009 to 2014. After the transition to ICD-10 in 2015, we used two ICD-10 code sets (limited and expanded) for hypoglycemia hospital utilization from prior studies. We identified independent predictors of hypoglycemia hospital utilization using multivariable logistic regression analysis with data from 2014.ResultsYearly rates of hypoglycemia hospital utilization decreased from 2.7 to 1.6 events per 1000 patients from 2009 to 2014 (p-trend=0.023). From 2016 to 2019, yearly event rates were stable ranging from 5.6 to 6.6, or 6.3 to 7.3, using the limited and expanded ICD-10 code sets, respectively. In 2014, the strongest independent risk factors for hypoglycemia hospital utilization were chronic kidney disease (OR 2.86, 95% CI 2.33 to 3.57), ages 18–39 years (OR 2.43 vs age 40–64 years, 95% CI 1.78 to 3.31), and insulin use (OR 2.13 vs no diabetes medications, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.73).ConclusionsRates of hypoglycemia hospital utilization decreased from 2009 to 2014 and varied considerably by clinical risk factors such that younger adults, insulin users, and those with chronic kidney disease were at especially high risk. There is a need to validate hypoglycemia ascertainment using ICD-10 codes, which detect a substantially higher number of events compared with ICD-9.
Comparing McDonald’s food marketing practices on official Instagram accounts across 15 countries
Authors: Cassidy Omni , Shin Hye Won , Song Edmund , Jiang Everett , Harri Ravindra , Cano Catherine , Vedanthan Rajesh , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Bragg Marie 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSocial media advertising by fast food companies continues to increase globally, and exposure to food advertising contributes to poor diet and negative health outcomes (eg, cardiovascular disease). McDonald’s—the largest fast food company in the world—operates in 101 countries, but little is known about their marketing techniques in various regions. The objective of this study was to compare the social media advertising practices of McDonald’s—the largest fast food company in the world—in 15 high-income, upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries.MethodsWe randomly selected official McDonald’s Instagram accounts for 15 high-income, upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries. We captured all the screenshots that McDonald’s posted on those Instagram accounts from September to December 2019. We quantified the number of followers, ‘likes’, ‘comments’ and video views associated with each account in April 2020. We used content analysis to examine differences in the marketing techniques.ResultsThe 15 accounts collectively maintained 10 million followers and generated 3.9 million ‘likes’, 164 816 comments and 38.2 million video views. We identified 849 posts. The three lower-middle-income countries had more posts (n=324; M, SD=108.0, 38.2 posts) than the five upper-middle-income countries (n=227; M, SD=45.4, 37.5 posts) and seven high-income countries (n=298; M, SD=42.6, 28.2 posts). Approximately 12% of the posts in high-income countries included child-targeted themes compared with 22% in lower-middle-income countries. Fourteen per cent of the posts in high-income countries included price promotions and free giveaways compared with 40% in lower-middle-income countries.ConclusionsSocial media advertising has enabled McDonald’s to reach millions of consumers in lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries with disproportionately greater child-targeted ads and price promotions in lower-middle-income countries. Such reach is concerning because of the increased risk of diet-related illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, in these regions.
Impact of public-funded health insurances in India on health care utilisation and financial risk protection: a systematic review
Authors: Reshmi Bhageerathy , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rajwar Eti , Parsekar Shradha S , Vijayamma Ratheebhai , Venkatesh Bhumika Tumkur 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveUniversal Health Coverage aims to address the challenges posed by healthcare inequalities and inequities by increasing the accessibility and affordability of healthcare for the entire population. This review provides information related to impact of public-funded health insurance (PFHI) on financial risk protection and utilisation of healthcare.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline (via PubMed, Web of Science), Scopus, Social Science Research Network and 3ie impact evaluation repository were searched from their inception until 15 July 2020, for English-language publications.Eligibility criteriaStudies giving information about the different PFHI in India, irrespective of population groups (above 18 years), were included. Cross-sectional studies with comparison, impact evaluations, difference-in-difference design based on before and after implementation of the scheme, pre–post, experimental trials and quasi-randomised trials were eligible for inclusion.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction was performed by three reviewers independently. Due to heterogeneity in population and study design, statistical pooling was not possible; therefore, narrative synthesis was performed.OutcomesUtilisation of healthcare, willingness-to-pay (WTP), out-of-pocket expenditure (including outpatient and inpatient), catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment.ResultsThe impact of PFHI on financial risk protection reports no conclusive evidence to suggest that the schemes had any impact on financial protection. The impact of PFHIs such as Rashtriya Swasthy Bima Yojana, Vajpayee Arogyashree and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana showed increased access and utilisation of healthcare services. There is a lack of evidence to conclude on WTP an additional amount to the existing monthly financial contribution.ConclusionDifferent central and state PFHIs increased the utilisation of healthcare services by the beneficiaries, but there was no conclusive evidence for reduction in financial risk protection of the beneficiaries.RegistrationNot registered.
Mapping instruments for assessing and stratifying frailty among community-dwelling older people: a scoping review
Authors: Andrade Luiz Eduardo Lima , New York Beatriz Souza de Albuquerque Caciqu , Gonçalves Rafaella Silva dos Santos Aguiar , Fernandes Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes , Maciel Álvaro Campos Cavalcanti 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo map in the current literature instruments for the assessment and stratification of frailty in community-dwelling older people, as well as to analyse them from the perspective of the Brazilian context.DesignScoping review.Study selectionThe selection of studies took place between March and April 2020. Includes electronic databases: Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Scopus, Web of Science and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Literature Health Alliance, in addition to searching grey literature.Data extractionA data extraction spreadsheet was created to collect the main information from the studies involved, from the title to the type of assessment and stratification of frailty.ResultsIn summary, 17 frailty assessment and stratification instruments applicable to community-dwelling older people were identified. Among these, the frailty phenotype of Friedet alwas the instrument most present in the studies (45.5%). The physical domain was present in all the instruments analysed, while the social, psychological and environmental domains were present in only 10 instruments.ConclusionsThis review serves as a guideline for primary healthcare professionals, showing 17 instruments applicable to the context of the community-dwelling older people, pointing out advantages and disadvantages that influence the decision of the instrument to be used. Furthermore, this scoping review was a guide for further studies carried out by the same authors, which aim to compare instruments.
Metabolic Surgery Supporting Aftercare via Group-Intervention (MeSSAGES): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Skoda Eva-Maria , Steinbach Jasmin , Robitzsch Anita , Pfeiffer Corinna , Schüren Lynik , Tomaszewski Jörg , Niedergethman Marco , Schweda Adam , Bäuerle Alexander , Teufel Martin 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionObesity is a constantly rising and cost-intensive medical issue worldwide. Severe obesity often needs surgery to promote weight loss, but due to the rapid therapeutic success after the surgery, many patients lack the awareness of the need to consistently maintain the postoperative care. However, therapeutic success and psychological well-being can be increased through group interventions and social support of the group members. Therefore, aftercare via group intervention is a promising approach. In this prospective randomised controlled study, the self-efficacy in a social media-based interactive, psychoeducational intervention is to be tested.Methods and analysisThe intervention group will complete a social media-supported group intervention for 6 weeks with weekly postings of educative contents and the possibility to exchange in groups via anonymous avatars. The control group will receive treatment as usual (TAU) after the obesity surgery as recommended in the German S3-guidelines Obesity Surgery and Metabolic Surgery. We will examine the effectiveness of a social media-supported intervention group, and therefore, the change in self-efficacy expectation. For the primary outcome, we will perform a mixed analysis of variance with time as the within-subject factor (times of measurement T0–T4) and the group assignment as the between-subject factor (intervention +TAU vs TAU group).Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Medical Association North Rhine (Ärztekammer Nordrhein, 2020031) and the patient enrolment will begin in July 2021.Trial registration numberDRKS00018089.
Implementation of cancer screening in rural primary care practices after joining an accountable care organisation: a multiple case study
Authors: Nelson-Brantley Heather , Ellerbeck Edward F , McCrea-Robertson Stacy , Brull Jennifer , Bacani McKenney Jennifer , Greiner K Allen , Befort Christie 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo describe common strategies and practice-specific barriers, adaptations and determinants of cancer screening implementation in eight rural primary care practices in the Midwestern United States after joining an accountable care organisation (ACO).DesignThis study used a multiple case study design. Purposive sampling was used to identify a diverse group of practices within the ACO. Data were collected from focus group interviews and workflow mapping. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide data collection and analysis. Data were cross-analysed by clinic and CFIR domains to identify common themes and practice-specific determinants of cancer screening implementation.SettingThe study included eight rural primary care practices, defined as Rural-Urban Continuum Codes 5–9, in one ACO in the Midwestern United States.ParticipantsProviders, staff and administrators who worked in the primary care practices participated in focus groups. 28 individuals participated including 10 physicians; one doctor of osteopathic medicine; three advanced practice registered nurses; eight registered nurses, quality assurance and licensed practical nurses; one medical assistant; one care coordination manager; and four administrators.ResultsWith integration into the ACO, practices adopted four new strategies to support cancer screening: care gap lists, huddle sheets, screening via annual wellness visits and information spread. Cross-case analysis revealed that all practices used both visit-based and population-based cancer screening strategies, although workflows varied widely across practices. Each of the four strategies was adapted for fit to the local context of the practice. Participants shared that joining the ACO provided a strong external incentive for increasing cancer screening rates. Two predominant determinants of cancer screening success at the clinic level were use of the electronic health record (EHR) and fully engaging nurses in the screening process.ConclusionsJoining an ACO can be a positive driver for increasing cancer screening practices in rural primary care practices. Characteristics of the practice can impact the success of ACO-related cancer screening efforts; engaging nurses to the fullest extent of their education and training and integrating cancer screening into the EHR can optimise the cancer screening workflow.