bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Predictors of 30‐Day Adverse Events of Laryngeal Framework Surgery: An Analysis of ACS‐NSQIP data
Authors: Garber David , Wandell Grace M. , Gobillot Theodore A. , Merati Al , Bhatt Neel K. , Giliberto John Paul 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize and identify predictors of 30‐day adverse events in patients undergoing laryngeal framework surgery (LFS).Study DesignThis study is a retrospective analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement dataset.MethodsLFS cases were identified from the American College of Surgeons‐National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database from 2008 to 2018. Demographic variables, patient comorbidities, and perioperative outcomes (any adverse event, 30‐day readmission, 30‐day reoperation, and unplanned intubation) were extracted. Patient‐specific and surgery‐specific factors associated with perioperative adverse events were examined using descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression (LR).ResultsOf 283 patients who underwent LFS, 225 underwent laryngoplasty medialization, 56 underwent laryngoplasty medialization with arytenoidectomy or arytenoidopexy via an external approach, and 2 underwent local myocutaneous or fasciocutaneous advancement flap along with laryngoplasty. Medical comorbidities were present in 33.6% of patients and 57.9% were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class III/IV (57.9%). LFS was performed as same‐day surgery in 30.7% of cases. Fourteen patients (4.9%) suffered an adverse condition within 30 days following surgery. In univariate LR, ASA Class III or IV (odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–30.1) was the only predictor associated with any adverse event. Arytenoid adduction (AA) was associated with increased risk of reoperation within 30 days of the initial surgery (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.0–49).ConclusionsLFS is a generally safe procedure with infrequent perioperative adverse events. In the ACS‐NSQIP database, ASA classification of III or IV was associated with a higher risk for any 30‐day adverse event and AA was associated with a higher risk for 30‐day reoperation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1414–1420, 2022
Factors associated with anosmia recovery rate in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Babaei Amirhossein , Iravani Kamyar , Malekpour Behzad , Golkhar Behnaz , Soltaniesmaeili Amir , Hosseinialhashemi Milad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to assess the 4‐ and 8‐week recovery rate of anosmia and determine the factors associated with recovery in COVID‐19 patients.MethodThis retrospective study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021. RT‐PCR‐proven COVID‐19 adult patients (over 18 years of age) with a positive history of anosmia were included in this study. Anosmia was assessed based on the COVID‐19 Anosmia Reporting Tool. The recovery rate of anosmia after 4 and 8 weeks were evaluated, and the relationship between the patients' recovery and their clinical and demographic data was assessed.ResultsA total of 235 patients were included. Their mean age (±SD) was 43.95 ± 15.27 years. Anosmia recovery was reported in 207(88.51%) and 219 (93.19%) participants till 4 and 8 weeks. The mean recovery time was 19.42 ± 8.81 days. The result of logistic regression showed that smoking (P = .031; OR = 10.813), ageusia (P = .002; OR = 5.340), headache (P = .006; OR = 0.243), and nasal discharge (P < .001; OR = 0.080) were significantly associated with 4 weeks anosmia recovery. The only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8 weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge (OR = 0.106, P = .002).ConclusionThe only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8 weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge. Our result demonstrated that although smoking was associated with higher recovery rate till 4 weeks, it could not be considered as a protective factor after 8 weeks. More studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between anosmia and the associated factors by consideration of both short‐ and long‐term recovery rates and assess the possible mechanisms that could justify this association.Levels of Evidence3b
Isothermal oxidation behavior of W‐free Co–Ni–Al‐based superalloy at high temperature
Authors: Gao Qiuzhi , Shang Hang , Ma Qingshuang , Zhang Huijie , Zhang Hailian , Li Huijun , Liu Ziyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCo‐based superalloys with the advantages of high melting point, high‐temperature mechanical properties, and large resistance under hot corrosion environment are potential candidates for turbine engine components. The isothermal oxidation behavior of Co–Ni–Al‐based superalloy with the addition of Mo and Cr in dry air at 1073 and 1173 K was investigated. The results showed that similar three‐layer oxides structures were composed of Co‐containing oxides, complex oxides rich in Co and Al, and Al2O3 layer formed on both 2Mo and 2Cr Co–Ni–Al‐based superalloys, and Mo‐containing oxides also existed in the subsurface. The oxides in the outer layer transferred from Co3O4 to denser CoO with the increase in temperature. The γ'‐free zone formed under the Al2O3 layer due to the depletion of Al. Co–Ni–Al‐based superalloys need to conquer a large energy barrier at an earlier stage of oxidation and exhibit good oxidation resistance at 1073 K.
Block diffusion delay attack and its countermeasures in a Bitcoin network
Authors: Sasabe Masahiro , Yamamoto Masanari , Zhang Yuanyu , Kasahara Shoji 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn the Bitcoin system, transactions and their collections (i.e., blocks) are distributed over a peer‐to‐peer (P2P) network (i.e., Bitcoin network) constructed by participating nodes. Each node maintains a distributed ledger (i.e., blockchain) consisting of retrieved blocks. Therefore, speedy block distribution over the Bitcoin network is essential for all nodes to reach a global consensus on the blockchain. On the other hand, Bitcoin clients are developed as open source software, and thus they can be modified by malicious users. Existing work has pointed out that an attacker can delay the block propagation between neighboring nodes by exploiting the regular timeout mechanism for unexpected slow block transfer caused by temporal network trouble. In this paper, we focus on block diffusion delay attacks, where multiple attackers collude with a specific miner (i.e., a special node that creates new blocks and broadcasts these blocks to the other miners) to disturb the propagation of blocks generated by competing miners. Through simulation experiments, we first reveal that about 30% of honest nodes cannot normally retrieve a block when there are only 1% of the nodes in the system are high‐degree adversary nodes in the system. This indicates that the malicious miner colluding with the attackers can intentionally delay the diffusion of the block mined by the competing miner, so as to win the competitive block diffusion even if it loses at the competitive block mining. To alleviate the block diffusion delay attack, we propose two kinds of countermeasures: a proactive approach that is a speedy recovery method from the interruption by adjusting the timeout value and a reactive approach that is a block retrieval node selection method based on the past download rate from each neighbor. Through simulation experiments, we show the countermeasures can effectively alleviate the risk.
The effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions on cancer related fatigue in breast cancer patients: A protocol for systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yu , Xu Pengzhu , Song Chunli , Jiang Tongtong , Liu Jun‐E , Shi Tieying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of different non‐pharmacological interventions on cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer (BC) patients and identify the most effective method for improving CRF.DesignA systematic review and network meta‐analysis.MethodsLiterature will be searched in the ongoing trail in the Clinical Trials.gov, World Health Organization, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL, from the inception until December 31, 2020. Two independent researchers will rigorously screen the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assess the risk of bias based on the Cochrane Collaboration's Tool of RCTs. Stata 13.0 and Aggregate Data Drug Information System will be used for data analysis.ResultsThis protocol has been registered on the PROSPERO website (registration number is CRD42020222093). This study will provide the reliable evidence of the most effective non‐pharmacological intervention to improving CRF.
Outcomes frequently specified in Cochrane reviews of community‐based psychosocial interventions for adults with severe mental illness: A systematic search and narrative synthesis
Authors: Igarashi Momoka , Yamaguchi Sosei , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Ogawa Makoto , Sato Sayaka , Fujii Chiyo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOutcome selection in intervention studies is a critical issue for synthesizing evidence. This study is aimed to investigate outcomes used in Cochrane reviews assessing community‐based psychosocial interventions for adults with severe mental illness.MethodsCochrane reviews that evaluated a community‐based psychosocial intervention for adults with severe mental illness were searched electronically and manually. We extracted all outcomes specified in the Methods section in each Cochrane review. Outcomes that represent the same concept and context were synthesized into an outcome term. Outcome terms were categorized according to the existing taxonomy.ResultsWe included 33 Cochrane reviews. Of the 216 outcome terms identified, 13 were used in more than half of the reviews: quality of life, mental state, admission to hospital, economic outcome, leaving the study early, social functioning, satisfaction, global state, relapse, adverse events/effects, carer satisfaction, employment, and duration of admission. Most outcome terms were categorized into the life impact core area (55%), followed by the resource use area (21%).ConclusionsOur study provides a candidate outcome list for developing a core outcome set for severe mental illness and offers a basis for comparison for future outcome investigation on mental health research.
Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl‐ and Amino‐Substituted Metallated Ylide
Authors: Jörges Mike , Kroll Alexander , Kelling Leif , Gauld Richard , Mallick Bert , Huber Stefan M. , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Viktoria H. Gessner at the Ruhr‐University in Bochum (Germany). The cover shows the structure of the newly reported, isolated metallated ylide. Due to the high negative charge at the ylidic carbon center this compound is „on fire“, but can be stabilized by smart molecular design. Structure analyses of the different alkali metal complexes combined with computational studies provide insights into the electronic structure of the compounds Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.202100187.
Diatomite‐filled epoxy resin composites: Curing behavior, dielectric, and thermal properties
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Wang Zhicheng , Guo Zhiyi , Wang Yanhui , Wang Jun , Liu Wen‐bin , Derradji Mehdi , Qiu Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, a kind of novel curing agent composed of acrylic acid and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p‐phenyleneoxy)dianiline was mixed, with different contents of diatomite (CP) particles, into the epoxy resin (E51) to obtain bio‐composites that can be rapidly molded and cured at room temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were used to study the curing behavior of epoxy resin and bio‐composites. The influence of CP particle dosages on the mechanical, including tensile, flexural and impact properties, and thermal properties of the prepared composites were discussed. Thermogravimetric analysis result showed that the thermal stability increased with increasing of CP fillers content. Dielectric property tests confirmed that the dielectric constant of composites decreased attributed to the incorporating of novel curing agent and CP fillers with porous structure into epoxy resin. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscope revealed the excellent adhesion between the cured resin and the fillers.
Wasser im Licht von Röntgenlasern
Authors: Lehmkühler Felix , Goy Claudia , Santra Robin , Grübel Gerhard 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungViele physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften von Wasser, etwa der Ursprung der thermodynamischen Anomalien, sind noch immer nicht vollständig verstanden. Diese sind eng mit der Struktur und Dynamik des Netzwerks aus Wasserstoffbrücken‐Bindungen verknüpft. Moderne Röntgenlaser ermöglichen nun Studien auf molekularen Längen‐ und Zeitskalen. Aktuelle Experimente überspannen bereits zehn Zeitskalen. Sie geben Einblick in die Dynamik sowohl von Nanopartikeln in Wasser als auch von Wassermolekülen selbst, zudem in die Radiolyse von Wassermolekülen innerhalb weniger Femtosekunden.
Parallel and independent true random bitstreams from optical emission spectra of atmospheric microplasma arc discharge
Authors: Zhang Di , Majzoub Sohaib , Allagui Anis , Elwakil Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose the possibility of generating several parallel and independent random bitstreams from the time‐varying optical emission spectra of an atmospheric pressure air microplasma system. This is achieved by splitting the plasma arc emission into discrete wavelengths using an optical spectrometer and then monitoring the fluctuating intensities of each wavelength as an independent time series. As a proof of concept, we considered eight wavelengths centered at 377.8, 389.1, 425.8, 591.4, 630.5, 673.0, 714.2, and 776.4 nm corresponding to atomic emissions lines from species either from the surrounding atmospheric air gap or from the electrodes' materials. NIST SP 800‐22 statistical randomness tests and other statistical estimates (auto‐ and cross‐correlation analysis and binary vector similarity measures) are subsequently applied to the binarized data, and the obtained results confirm the possibility of generating several parallel and independent random bitstreams from the microplasma system. The data throughput is, however, relatively low with the optical setup we used, which can be improved using faster spectrometry.
The dominant intraseasonal variability mode of tropical convection in the 2 weeks before a Northern Hemisphere extreme stratospheric polar vortex
Authors: Wang Feiyang , Ye Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) phase 7 has been recognized as a driver for Northern Hemisphere (NH) sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in the literature recently. However, uncertainties remain on the exact relationship between MJO phase 3 and the stratospheric polar vortex. Here, we re‐examined and compared the observed evolution of the MJO before the two types of NH extreme stratospheric polar vortex events (i.e. strong vortex (SV) events and weak vortex (WV) events) in this study. Our analysis reveals that MJO phase 3 (7) is the dominant intraseasonal variability mode in about 2 weeks before onset of the SV (WV) events, suggesting these two phases are closely linked to variation in the intensity of the stratospheric polar vortex. MJO phase 3 (7) leads to a strengthened (weakened) polar vortex due to the suppressed (enhanced) wave‐number 1 wave activity in the extratropical stratosphere resulting from destructive (constructive) interference between the negative (positive) Pacific–North American (PNA)‐like pattern induced by MJO phase 3 (7) and the background field. Note that the time‐scales for the peak responses of wave activity in the extratropical stratosphere to MJO phases 3 and 7 are around 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively. Thus, within 2 weeks, MJO phase 3 (7) can be treated as the precursor to the strengthened (weakened) polar vortex.
Anisotropy in elasticity, sound velocity, thermal conductivity, and thermodynamics properties of dodecaboride Zr0.5Y0.5B12
Authors: Yongmei Zhang , Furong Wang , Xiaona Wang , Huifang Zhao , Xiuqing Zhang , Yanqin Gao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSolid solution of metal dodecaboride Zr0.5Y0.5B12 is thermodynamically stable. The anisotropies of Zr0.5Y0.5B12 in linear compressibility, Young's modulus, shear modulus, sound velocity, and minimum thermal conductivity are discussed. The linear compressibility shows slightly anisotropy, which arises from the atomic size mismatch between Zr and Y. Young's and shear modulus present significant anisotropy. The sound velocities show weak anisotropy in different planes, except the pure transverse mode vt in (010) plane, which shows isotropic. The minimum thermal conductivities in different planes are comparable and show very weak anisotropy. The effects of temperature and pressure on the thermal expansion coefficient, Debye temperature, and Grüneisen parameter are discussed based on the quasi‐harmonic Debye model.
General In Situ Photoactivation Route with IPCE over 80% toward CdS Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Xiuyu , Xiu Hao , Zhuang Huanglong , Li Jianming , Zhou Yang , Liu Deyu , Kuang Yongbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCost‐effective photoanodes with remarkable electronic properties are highly demanded for practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The ability to manipulate the surface carrier separation and recombination is pivotal for achieving high PEC performance for water splitting. Here, a facile and economical approach is reported for substantially improving the surface charge separation property of CdS photoanodes through in situ photoactivation, which significantly reduces surface charge recombination through the formation of thiosulfate ion which is favorable to the transfer of photogenerated holes and a uniform nanoporous morphology via the dissolving Cd2+ with phosphate ions on the surface of CdS. The resulting CdS electrodes through scalable particle transfer method exhibit nearly tripled photocurrents, with an incident‐photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) at 480 nm exceeding 80% at 0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). And the CdS thin films prepared from chemical bath deposition display quadrupled photocurrents after the stir and PEC activation, with an IPCE of 91.7% at 455 nm and 0.6 V versus RHE. With the suppression of photocorrosion in alkaline borate buffer, the activated photoanodes show great stability for solar hydrogen production at the sacrifice of sulfite. This work brings insights into the design of nanoporous metal sulfide semiconductors for solar water splitting.
Evolving software forges: An experience report from Apache Allura
Authors: Tamburri Damian A. , Palomba Fabio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe open‐source phenomenon has reached unimaginable proportions to a point in which it is virtually impossible to find large applications that do not rely on open‐source as well. However, such proportions may turn into a risk if the organizational and socio‐technical aspects (e.g., the contribution and release schemes) behind open‐source communities are not explicitly supported by open‐source forges by‐design. In an effort to make such aspects explicit and supported by‐design in open‐source forges, we conducted empirical software engineering as follows: (a) Through online industrial surveying, we elicited organizational and social aspects relevant in open‐source communities; (b) through action research, we extended a widely known open‐source support system and top‐level Apache project Allura; (c) through ethnography, we studied the Allura community, and learning from its social and organizational structure, (d) we elicited a metrics framework that support more explicit organizational and socio‐technical design principles around open‐source communities. This article is an experience report on these results and the lessons we learned in obtaining them. We found that the extensions provided to Apache Allura formed the basis for community awareness by design, providing valuable and usable community characteristics. Ultimately, however, the extensions we provided to Apache Allura were deactivated by its core developers because of performance overheads. Our results and lessons learned allow us to provide recommendations for designing forges, like Github. Architecting a forge is a participatory process that requires active engagement, hence remarking the need for mechanisms enabling it. At the same time, we conclude that a more active support for the governance is required to avoid the failure of the forge.
Preparation, Controlled Drug Release, and Cell Viability Evaluation of Tenofovir Alafenamide‐Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Ulu Ahmet , Sezer Selcen Korkmaz , Yüksel Şengül , Koç Ahmet , Ateş Burhan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is used as a hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. However, the use of TAF suffers from its poor solubility and low bioavailability. Therefore, this study prepared and characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CHS NPs) loaded with TAF. Morphological findings demonstrated that CHS NPs are roughly spherical and homogeneous in shape. Besides, TAF‐loaded CHS NPs displayed the hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and PDI of approximately 340 nm, 48.9 mV, and 0.65, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency is at about 50%, and TAF is released about 93% at the end of 80 hours at pH 7.4. In addition, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) are used for cell viability studies and it is observed that TAF‐loaded CHS NPs has 1.24 times less viable cells as compared to the control. Collectively, TAF‐loaded CHS NPs could be used as an efficient formulation for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
Semi‐conductive Chiral MOFs with Helixes Based on Lactic Acid Derivatives for Photo‐catalytic Reaction
Authors: Xu Zhong‐Xuan , Shi Ming‐Feng , Hu Bang‐Ping , Qin Huan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA pair of new chiral Co(II) metal‐organic frameworks based on semi‐rigid lactic acid derivatives, namely, {[Co((R)‐CBA)(1,3‐DPP)(H2O)0.5] ⋅ H2O}n(1‐R) and {[Co((R)‐CBA)(1,3‐DPP)(H2O)0.5] ⋅ H2O}n (1‐S) (H2CBA=4‐(1‐carboxyethoxy) benzoic acid, 1,3‐DPP=1,3‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)propane) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The structures of complexes 1‐R and 1‐S were determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography, revealing dinuclear cobalt units are connected through (R)‐ or (S)‐CBA2− anions that lead to the formation of enantiomeric helical chains. Helical chains are further linked together to build 3D Co‐(R)‐CBA (Co‐(S)‐CBA) framework in 1‐R(1‐S). Furthermore, more large helical chains are formed by Co(II) centers and 1,3‐DPP ligands in 1‐R and 1‐S. As a result, 1,3‐DPP ligands are introduced into complexes to stabilize the CBA−Co frameworks to obtain a four‐connected dia net. Apart from delicate structure, the UV‐vis sorption spectrum, Mott‐Schottky measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that complex 1‐R is a typical n‐type semiconductor with low resistance in charge transportation. Photo‐catalytic test result confirmed the complex 1‐R has catalytic activity for the degradation of RhB.