bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saving Sensitivity
Authors: Topey Brett 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensitivity has sometimes been thought to be a highly epistemologically significant property, serving as a proxy for a kind of responsiveness to the facts that ensure that the truth of our beliefs isn’t just a lucky coincidence. But it's an imperfect proxy: there are various well-known cases in which sensitivity-based anti-luck conditions return the wrong verdicts. And as a result of these failures, contemporary theorists often dismiss such conditions out of hand. I show here, though, that a sensitivity-based understanding of epistemic luck can be developed that respects what was attractive about sensitivity-based approaches in the first place but that's immune to these failures.
Post-16 Further Mathematics blended learning: learner self-regulation, mathematical resilience and technology
Authors: Lyakhova Sofya , Joubert Marie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on a study set in Wales where the Further Mathematics Support Programme Wales supports the provision of an advanced qualification in mathematics for 16- to 18-year-old students with courses delivered in reduced teaching time. The study aimed to understand how the students experienced the Further Mathematics (FM) courses which are delivered either face-to-face or online and, more generally, to negotiate a place of alternative forms of delivery in post-16 mathematics curriculum. Sixteen students, eight of whom studied through the online course, were interviewed; overall, although they found the course challenging both in terms of the content and relatively limited teaching time, they enjoyed it and appeared to perceive benefits from taking the course. Most volunteered ‘tips’ about coping with the challenges of the course and the tips can be seen as strategies of self-regulation. Self-regulation strategies were reported more strongly by the students taking the course online than those attending face-to-face classes. In view of the evidence of technology creating new learning environments perceived as advantageous by students, it is hypothesized that introducing blended learning as part of post-16 mathematics curriculum could be beneficial. Improving learner self-regulation is discussed as means of improving access to FM. Other findings included the importance of support from peers, parents and schools and gender differences.
Mass Casualty Mini Drills on Trauma Surgery Department Staff Knowledge: An Educational Improvement Study
Authors: Hollister Lisa M. , Zhu Thein , Edwards Nancy , Good Becky , Hoeppner Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Over the last decade, the United States has witnessed an increase in mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The outcome of an MCI depends upon hospital preparedness, yet many hospitals are unfamiliar with their facility MCI procedure. Educational training drills may be one method to improve staff knowledge of policy and procedure.

Objective:
This study aimed to improve knowledge gained through educational MCI mini drills of institutional mass casualty policy and procedure in surgery department staff at a level II trauma center.

Methods:
A pre-/posttest design was utilized. The hospital implemented MCI mini training drills as a quality improvement project using Plan-Do-Study-Act iterative cycles with prospective data collection. Knowledge scores were measured using a 12-item surgery department MCI policy and procedure questionnaire that was developed by the author and leadership.

Results:
A one-way analysis of covariance analysis in participants that mini drilled more than once indicated significant effect on mean cycle score differences among three cycles F
(2,21) = 12.96, p = .00. Multiple comparison using Games–Howell indicated the mean score for Cycle 4 (M = 96.15, SD = 6.54) was significantly different from Cycle 3 (M = 59.71, SD = 25.15). Gender, shift, and credentials of participants influenced knowledge improvement.

Conclusion:
Implementation of hospital MCI mini drills improved staff knowledge of institutional mass casualty policy and procedure in the surgery department and may be applied to surgery departments with similar policy, procedure, and participant characteristics. Hospital mass casualty response education and preparation is essential to saving lives.
Resuming Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation in the COVID-19 Era: What Do Patients Want?
Authors: Thind Amarpreet K. , Beckwith Hannah , Dattani Rakesh , Dhutia Amrita , Gleeson Sarah , Martin Paul , Ryan Louise , Shuaib Rishana , Svetitsky Shuli , Dor Frank J.M.F. , Brown Edwina A. , Willicombe Michelle 
Published: March 2021

Background.
The rapidly evolving novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic bought many kidney transplant (KT) programs to a halt. Integral to resuming KT activity is understanding the perspectives of potential transplant candidates during this highly dynamic time.

Methods.
From June 1 to July 7, 2020, a telephone survey of KT candidates on the deceased donor waiting list at Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre in West London was conducted. The survey captured ongoing COVID-19 exposure risks and patients’ views on waitlist (WL) reactivation and undergoing transplantation.

Results.
Two hundred seven responses were received. Of the respondents, 180 patients (87%) were happy to be reactivated onto the WL; with 141 patients (68%) willing to give consent to transplantation currently, while 53 patients (26%) felt unsure, and 13 patients (6%) would decline a KT. The vast majority of patients had no concerns. In the responses from those who were uncertain or who would decline a KT, concerns about COVID-19 infection and the need for reassurance from transplant units dominated. Universally patients wanted more information about COVID-19 infection risk with KT and the precautions being taken to reduce this risk.

Conclusions.
The majority of surveyed patients are in favor of reactivation and receiving a KT despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Reactivation of candidates cannot be assumed and should take an individualized approach, incorporating clinical risk with patient perspectives. Improved communication with KT candidates is highly requested.
Estimating the levels and trends of family planning indicators in 436 sub-national areas across 26 countries in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Proctor Joshua L. , Mercer Laina D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundScaling up access to safe, effective, and voluntary family planning (FP) services to achieve universal access for women and families will require increased commitment by countries and international organizations. On the way toward universal access, quantitative family planning goals have also been established by the United Nations through the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Here, we present a model-based framework that can help monitor progress toward these goals at the sub-national and demographic subgroup scale.MethodsWe utilize 90 demographic health surveys for 26 countries that contain associated geographic position system data. We extract survey cluster level data to fit multiple small area estimation models that estimate FP indicators by administrative unit one and two regions as well as different demographic subgroups.FindingsWe find significant variation of modern contraceptive prevalence rates (mCPR), unmet need, and demand satisfied by country, sub-national region, and demographic subgroup. Our model-based estimates show that on average for 436 administrative unit one regions, mCPR has increased at a rate of 0.75% per year and unmet need has decreased by 0.26% per year. There are also striking differences of FP indicators by demographic subgroup; for example, unmet need can be up to 40% different based on age and parity.InterpretationWe have developed a framework to help monitor progress, provide insights about the inequitable progress by region and demographic groups, and account for the sparsity of available data. These results and framework can help policy-makers better allocate and target interventions to help achieve family planning goals.FundingThis publication is based on models and data analysis performed by the Institute for Disease Modeling at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
T-cell Repertoire Characteristics of Asymptomatic and Re-detectable Positive COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Shi Yaling , Wang Yongsi , Liu Yuntao , Lin Dongzi , Zhang Jiaqi , Lin Jing , Hu Wei , He Haolan , Wang Wei , Fan Wentao , Li Linlin , Lan Hai , Lei Chunliang , Wang Kejian , Wang Dawei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevention of COVID-19 pandemic is highly complicated by the prevalence of asymptomatic and recurrent infection. Many previous immunological studies have focused on symptomatic and convalescent patients, while the immune responses in asymptomatic patients and re-detectable positive cases remain unclear.MethodsHere we comprehensively analyzed the peripheral T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of 54 COVID-19 patients in different phases, including asymptomatic, symptomatic, convalescent and re-detectable positive cases.ResultsWe found progressed immune responses from asymptomatic to symptomatic phase. Furthermore, the TCR profiles of re-detectable positive cases were highly similar to those of asymptomatic patients, which could predict the risk of recurrent infection.ConclusionTherefore, TCR repertoire surveillance has the potential to strengthen the clinical management and the immunotherapy development for COVID-19.FundingThe Science and Technology Innovation Project of Foshan Municipality (2020001000431) and the National Key Research and Development Project (2020YFA0708001).
Proteasome maturation factor UMP1 confers broad-spectrum disease resistance by modulating H2O2accumulation in rice
Authors: Hu Xiao-Hong , Fan Jing , Wu Jin-Long , Shen Shuai , He Jia-Xue , Liu Jie , Wang He , Zhu Yong , Li Guo-Bang , Zhao Jing-Hao , Xu Jie , Li De-Qiang , Pu Mei , Zhao Zhi-Xue , Zhou Shi-Xin , Zhang Ji-Wei , Huang Yan-Yan , Li Yan , Lu Yan-Li , Huang Fu , Wang Wen-Ming 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTCrops with broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) to diseases are highly desirable in agricultural production. Identification of BSR loci and dissection of the underlying mechanisms are fundamental for crop resistance breeding. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a riceUMP1allele, which confers race-nonspecific BSR against blast pathogenMagnaporthe oryzae.OsUMP1encodes a proteasome maturation factor that contributes to 26S proteasome abundance and activity in rice. Modulation ofOsUMP1expression leads to proteome changes, particularly affects the amounts and activities of H2O2-degrading enzymes. Consequently, H2O2accumulation and disease resistance are enhanced inOsUMP1-overexpressing rice but reduced in loss-of-function mutants. Elevation ofOsUMP1expression also promotes rice resistance to foliar pathogensRhizoctonia solaniandXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzaeand a floral pathogenUstilaginoidea virenswithout observable yield penalty. These results indicate a BSR pathway linking the proteasome machinery and H2O2homeostasis, and provide a candidate gene for balancing BSR and yield traits in rice breeding.One Sentence SummaryA natural allele of rice UMP1 promotes resistance to multiple pathogens by boosting H2O2accumulation.
Present and Future Ecological Niche Modeling of Rift Valley fever in East Africa in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Muema Caroline , Ngarega Boniface K. , Muturi Elishiba , Wei Hongping , Yang Hang 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTRift Valley fever (RVF) has been linked with recurrent outbreaks among humans and livestock in several parts of the globe. Predicting RVF’s habitat suitability under different climate scenarios offers vital information for developing informed management schemes. The present study evaluated the probable impacts of climate change on the distribution of RVF disease in East Africa (E. A.), using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and the disease outbreak cases. Considering the potential of the spread of the disease in the East Africa region, we utilized two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) climate scenarios in the 2050s and 2070s (average for 2041-2060, and 2061-2080), respectively. All models had satisfactory AUC values of more than 0.809, which are considered excellent. Jackknife tests revealed that Bio4 (temperature seasonality), land use, and population density were the main factors influencing RVF distribution in the region. From the risk maps generated, we infer that, without regulations, this disease might establish itself across more extensive areas in the region, including most of Rwanda and Burundi. The ongoing trade between East African countries and changing climates could intensify RVF spread into new geographic extents with suitable habitats for the important zoonosis. The predicted suitable areas for RVF in eastern Kenya, southern Tanzania, and Somalia overlaps to a large extent where cattle keeping and pastoralism are highly practiced, thereby signifying the urgency to manage and control the disease. This work validates RVF outbreak cases’ effectiveness to map the disease’s distribution, thus contributing to enhanced ecological modeling and improved disease tracking and control efforts in East Africa.
The role of H3K36 methylation and associated methyltransferases in chromosome-specific gene regulation
Authors: Lindehell Henrik , Glotov Alexander , Dorafshan Eshagh , Schwartz Yuri B. , Larsson Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Drosophila, two chromosomes require special mechanisms to balance their transcriptional output to the rest of the genome. These are the male-specific lethal complex targeting the male X-chromosome, and Painting of fourth targeting chromosome 4. The two systems are evolutionarily linked to dosage compensation of the X-chromosome and the chromosomes involved display specific chromatin structures. Here we explore the role of histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 36 (H3K36me3) and the associated methyltransferases in these two chromosome-specific systems.We show that the loss of Set2 impairs the MSL complex mediated dosage compensation; however, the effect is not recapitulated by H3K36 replacement and indicates an alternative target of Set2. Unexpectedly, balanced transcriptional output from the 4th chromosome requires intact H3K36 and depends on the additive functions of NSD and the Trithorax group protein Ash1.We conclude that H3K36 methylation and the associated methyltransferases are important factors to balance transcriptional output of the male X-chromosome and the 4th chromosome. Furthermore, our study highlights the pleiotropic effects of these enzymes.
Transcriptional regulation of schizophrenia risk gene TCF4 in inhibitory neurons during neurodevelopment
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Lin Mingyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe pathology underlying schizophrenia (SCZ) involves cell type-specific and developmental stage-specific dysregulation of multiple gene regulatory networks dominated by some key transcription factors, such as SCZ risk gene transcription factor 4 (TCF4). Previous studies on the regulatory mechanism of TCF4 use SY5Y as the cellular model, which could not reflect its cell typespecific role in the real world. Using the transcriptional profile of whole brain during development stages and single-cell transcriptome data in the developing human prefrontal cortex, we found that TCF4 was preferentially expressed in the interneuron. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived interneurons revealed that TCF4 primarily activate transcription of genes associated with cortex development and telencephalon regionalization in a long-range manner. As expected, the downstream targets of TCF4 were distinct in inhibitory neurons and neural stem cells during early neurodevelopment, justifying the importance of our study. Deeper investigation further revealed that TCF4 regulate genes related to neurotransmission distally in interneuron in a c-FOS dependent manner, while TCF4 and TCF3 synergistically regulate genes associated with cell proliferation associated proximally in neural stem cells. Our findings suggested that defects in development of interneuron, for instance as a result of TCF4 abnormality, may break excitation and inhibition balance and contribute significantly to the risk of SCZ.
scCorr: A graph-based k-partitioning approach for single-cell gene-gene correlation analysis
Authors: Xu Heng , Hu Ying , Zhang Xinyu , Aouizerat Bradley E. , Yan Chunhua , Xu Ke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn important challenge in single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis is the abundance of zero values, which results in biased estimation of gene-gene correlations for downstream analyses. Here, we present a novel graph-based k-partitioning method by merging “homology” cells to reduce the number of zero values. Our method is robust and reliable for the detection of correlated gene pairs, which is fundamental to network construction, gene-gene interaction, and cellular -omic analyses.
Deep Diffusion MRI Registration (DDMReg): A Deep Learning Method for Diffusion MRI Registration
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wells William M. , O’Donnell Lauren J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a deep learning method, DDMReg, for accurate registration between diffusion MRI (dMRI) datasets. In dMRI registration, the goal is to spatially align brain anatomical structures while ensuring that local fiber orientations remain consistent with the underlying white matter fiber tract anatomy. DDMReg is a novel method that uses joint whole-brain and tract-specific information for dMRI registration. Based on the successful VoxelMorph framework for image registration, we propose a novel registration architecture that leverages not only whole brain information but also tract-specific fiber orientation information. DDMReg is an unsupervised method for deformable registration between pairs of dMRI datasets: it does not require nonlinearly pre-registered training data or the corresponding deformation fields as ground truth. We perform comparisons with four state-of-the-art registration methods on multiple independently acquired datasets from different populations (including teenagers, young and elderly adults) and different imaging protocols and scanners. We evaluate the registration performance by assessing the ability to align anatomically corresponding brain structures and ensure fiber spatial agreement between different subjects after registration. Experimental results show that DDMReg obtains significantly improved registration performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Importantly, we demonstrate successful generalization of DDMReg to dMRI data from different populations with varying ages and acquired using different acquisition protocols and different scanners.
Correlative light and electron microscopy reveals that mutant huntingtin dysregulates the endolysosomal pathway in presymptomatic Huntington’s disease
Authors: Zhou Ya , Peskett Thomas R. , Landles Christian , Warner John B. , Sathasivam Kirupa , Smith Edward J. , Chen Shu , Wetzel Ronald , Lashuel Hilal A. , Bates Gillian P. , Saibil Helen R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a late onset, inherited neurodegenerative disorder for which early pathogenic events remain poorly understood. Here we show that mutant exon 1 HTT proteins are recruited to a subset of cytoplasmic aggregates in the cell bodies of neurons in brain sections from presymptomatic HD, but not wild-type, mice. This occurred in a disease stage and polyglutamine-length dependent manner. We successfully adapted a high-resolution correlative light and electron microscopy methodology, originally developed for mammalian and yeast cells, to allow us to correlate light microscopy and electron microscopy images on the same brain section within an accuracy of 100 nm. Using this approach, we identified these recruitment sites as single membrane bound, vesicle-rich endolysosomal organelles, specifically as (i) multivesicular bodies (MVBs), or amphisomes and (ii) autolysosomes or residual bodies. The organelles were often found in close proximity to phagophore-like structures. Immunogold labeling localized mutant HTT to non-fibrillar, electron lucent structures within the lumen of these organelles. In presymptomatic HD, the recruitment organelles were predominantly MVBs/amphisomes, whereas in late-stage HD, there were more autolysosomes or residual bodies. Electron tomograms indicated the fusion of small vesicles with the vacuole within the lumen, suggesting that MVBs develop into residual bodies. We found that markers of MVB-related exocytosis were depleted in presymptomatic mice and throughout the disease course. This suggests that endolysosomal homeostasis has moved away from exocytosis toward lysosome fusion and degradation, in response to the need to clear the chronically aggregating mutant HTT protein, and that this occurs at an early stage in HD pathogenesis.
Experimental study on friction coefficient and temperature rise of heavy-load grease-lubricated spherical plain bearings with surface texture
Authors: Shen Jinlong , Zhang Tong , Xu Jimin , LIU Xiaojun , Liu Kun 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to improve the tribological performance of grease-lubricated spherical plain bearings (SPBs) under heavy load, dimple-type textures were prepared by laser on the outer surface of the inner ring. The influence of roughness parameters of a textured surface on reducing friction coefficient and temperature rise was also explored.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a laser processing method to fabricate dimple-type textures. Three-dimensional roughness parameters were used to characterize the textured surfaces. The friction coefficients of five SPBs with surface texture and one original commercially available SPB without surface texture under different nominal loads were measured on a self-established test rig. The data of temperature rise were obtained by nine embedded thermal couples.

Findings
The results indicate that SPBs with textures generally exhibit lower friction coefficients than the original SPB without textures. The dimple depth has a significant influence on improving the tribological performance, which coincides with the analysis by surface roughness parameters. A textured surface with negative Ssk and high Vvc has the minimum temperature rise.

Originality/value
As it is too difficult to arrange sensors into heavy-load SPBs, there are few reports about the temperature characteristics. Through nine embedded thermal couples, the distribution of temperature rise on the inner ring of SPBs was given in this study. The positive effect of surface texture on reducing temperature rise and friction coefficient was verified, which is beneficial for the design of heavy-load SPBs.