bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Outcomes in Minority Ethnic Groups: Do Obesity and Metabolic Risk Play a Role?
Authors: Coleman Paul , Barber Thomas M. , van Rens Thijs , Hanson Petra , Coffey Alice , Oyebode Oyinlola 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Globally, minority ethnic groups have been at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality and morbidity than majority populations. This review outlines factors that may interact to create these inequalities and explores the hypothesis that differing levels of cardio-metabolic risk, according to ethnic group, play a role.

Recent Findings

Two UK Biobank studies have reported that the body mass index is more strongly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality in minority ethnic populations than in White populations. A study of UK patients found that the strongest association between obesity and adverse COVID-19 outcomes was in people of Black ethnicity.

Summary

Differences in the prevalence of obesity and its metabolic sequelae have been shown to partly mediate ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 outcomes, although not always consistently. It is possible that ethnic differences in the consequences of obesity may explain some of the remaining disparity in COVID-19 risk.
Can Students Create Their Own Educational Escape Room? Lessons Learned from the Opioid Crisis Escape Room
Authors: Bakkum Michiel J. , Richir Milan C. , Sultan Rowan , de la Court Jara R. , Lambooij Anke C. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Tichelaar Jelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEducational escape rooms (EERs) are live-action, team-based games used to teach content-related and generic knowledge and skills. Instead of students just playing the EER, we believed that giving them the opportunity to create their own EERs would augment the learning effects of this teaching method. We report on the feasibility, evaluation, and lessons learned of our assignment on an opioid epidemic-based EER. This original teaching method appealed to most students, but the workload was evaluated to be too high. Our lessons learned include the need for sufficient (extrinsic) motivation, careful explanation of the assignment, and small group sizes.
An approach to optimize the cost of transportation problem based on triangular fuzzy programming problem
Authors: Das Sapan Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, we address a fully fuzzy triangular linear fractional programming (FFLFP) problem under the condition that all the parameters and decision variables are characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. Utilizing the computation of triangular fuzzy numbers and Lexicographic order (LO), the FFLFP problem is changed over to a multi-objective function. Consequently, the problem is changed into a multi-objective crisp problem. This paper outfits another idea for diminishing the computational complexity, in any case without losing its viability crisp LFP issues. Lead from real-life problems, a couple of mathematical models are considered to survey the legitimacy, usefulness and applicability of our method. Finally, some mathematical analysis along with one case study is given to show the novel strategies are superior to the current techniques.
Case C-650/18 Hungary v. European Parliament (C.J.E.U.)
Authors: Molnár Tamás 
Published: October 2021

On June 3, 2021, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), closely following the Advocate General's Opinion, delivered its Grand Chamber judgment in case C-650/18 Hungary v. European Parliament by dismissing Hungary's action. The ruling confirms that the European Parliament (EP) acted within the procedural boundaries of its powers when initiating, by a two-thirds majority vote of its members, proceedings against Hungary for the situation in the country regarding the rule of law, democracy, and other values on which the European Union (EU) is founded. The ruling comes after the Hungarian government decided to challenge the validity of the resolution of the European Parliament of September 12, 2018, which triggered the proceedings foreseen in the event of a clear risk of serious breaches of the foundational values of the EU, including the rule of law, pursuant to Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).
Cochlear implantation of a patient with multiple sclerosis: case report and systematic review
Authors: Routila J , Karhu J O , Salonen J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCochlear implantation can be used when a patient's hearing cannot satisfactorily be improved after optimised hearing aid fitting. However, in patients with a cochlear nerve or brain disorder affecting hearing, the benefits of cochlear implants are not so straightforward.MethodsThis paper describes a 58-year-old patient suffering from multiple sclerosis and profound sensorineural hearing loss, rehabilitated with a cochlear implant. Literature concerning cochlear implantation in demyelinating conditions was systematically reviewed using PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases.ResultsThe patient's cochlear implantation was successful, with speech discrimination scores remaining above 90 per cent for eight years post-operatively. No previous cases of cochlear implantation with multiple sclerosis related hearing loss have been reported, despite the high incidence of hearing loss in multiple sclerosis patients.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates that multiple sclerosis lesions should not be an exclusion criterion in an otherwise suitable candidate for cochlear implantation.
Self-image and self-focused attention in a social interaction situation: what is relevant for social anxiety?
Authors: Meral Yasemin , Vriends Noortje 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:According to Clark and Wells’ cognitive model (Clark and Wells, 1995), social anxiety is maintained by both a negative self-image and self-focused attention (SFA). Although these maintaining factors were investigated extensively in previous studies, the direction of this relationship remains unclear, and so far, few studies have investigated self-image and SFA together within a current social interaction situation.Aims:The aim of this experiment is to investigate the influence of a negative versus positive self-image on social anxiety and on SFA during a social interaction.Method:High (n = 27) and low (n = 36) socially anxious participants, holding a manipulated negative versus positive self-image in mind, had a real-time video conversation with a confederate. Social anxiety, SFA and state anxiety before and during the conversation were measured with questionnaires.Results:An interaction between negative self-image and social anxiety showed that high socially anxious individuals with a negative self-image in mind were more anxious than those with a positive self-image in mind during the conversation. They were also more anxious compared with low socially anxious individuals. Furthermore, high socially anxious individuals reported higher SFA; however, SFA was not affected by negative or positive self-image.Conclusion:The present results confirm once again the strong influence of self-image and SFA on social anxiety, highlighting that a negative self-image has more impact on socially anxious individuals. Moreover, the present results suggest that SFA is not necessarily affected by a negative self-image, indicating that therapies should focus on both.
Making America Exceptional Again: Donald Trump's Traditionalist Jeremiad, Civil Religion, and the Politics of Resentment
Authors: Hickel Flavio R. , Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDonald Trump's campaign slogan to “Make America Great Again” captivated the imagination of millions of Americans by contextualizing disparate sources of social resentment as emblematic of a broader story of American decline. Employing a “traditionalist civil religious jeremiad,” Trump called for a reassertion of American exceptionalism, and extolled a romanticized golden age predating transformative social changes (e.g., sexuality, gender roles, racial equality). As such, his rhetoric legitimized the defense of white male privilege as a vital component of this restoration. While this use of civil religious themes emboldened those who harbor prejudicial views, it alienated others who interpret such rhetoric as an assault on the soul of the nation. Relying on a unique module within the 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we demonstrate that adherence to the tenets of American civil religion significantly exacerbated the effects of symbolic racism and modern sexism on support for Trump.
Reversal Asymmetry of Rainfall Change Over the Indian Ocean During the Radiative Forcing Increase and Stabilization
Authors: Hou Hongyu , Qu Xia , Huang Gang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rainfall responses over the Indian Ocean (IO) are investigated based on the Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) experiments of 13 models, in which the experiments are extended to the year 2300, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). During the radiative forcing (RF) increase, the rainfall pattern displays northwest‐southeast dipole asymmetry. After RF stabilization, rainfall increases over the southern IO and decreases over the northern IO where is a wet region in climatology. Diagnostic analysis demonstrates that both the changes in atmospheric circulation (dynamic component) and the moisture increase (thermodynamic component) play a key role in determining this rainfall dipole during RF increase, but the effect of the latter is reduced after RF stabilization. The responses of rainfall, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation are well coupled during the two periods: (a) the anomalous circulation affects the rainfall change by transporting abundant moisture to maintain the energy balance, with easterlies (northerlies) in RF increase (stabilization); and (b) in turn, heat released by the SST warming further induces the circulation change. Furthermore, during RF increase, the attribute of SST pattern is mainly led by ocean dynamics, especially heat transport due to ocean current changes, while after RF stabilization, it is mainly due to ocean heat transport leading by temperature changes.
The North Sea Light Climate: Analysis of Observations and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Thewes D. , Stanev E. V. , Zielinski O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent studies have indicated changes in the light climate of the North Sea. An overall reduction of water clarity over the twentieth century could be observed in measurements, and more recent analysis suggests that these trends continue. Inorganic sediment is often named one of the driving factors in these changes and it has been shown to locally increase. With 20 years' worth of satellite‐derived sediment data, we were able to conduct basin wide investigations of the temporal dynamics of the biogeochemical state of the North Sea. To identify the impact of inter‐annual and seasonal changes in sediment, we fed from two different remote sensing sources (GlobColour & IFREMER) into a 3D coupled hydrodynamic and biological model. The light scheme in the Carbon Silicon Nitrogen Ecosystem model (CoSiNE) was modified to account for sediment specific attenuation. We performed a total of five numerical experiments for the period of 2000–2017. The main two experiments were conducted using monthly averaged data. Additionally, as controls, one experiment with annually averaged and one with a 20 years average of sediment, as well as a fifth one without sediment were performed. Our model showed a clear relation between changes in sediment and water clarity. Phytoplankton biomass was reduced only in areas with high nutrient availability.
The Impact of Assimilating Ionosphere and Thermosphere Observations on Neutral Temperature Improvement: Observing System Simulation Experiments Using EnKF
Authors: He Jianhui , Yue Xinan , Ren Zhipeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccurate specification of the thermosphere states is crucial to the low Earth orbit satellite operation. In this work, the impact of different ionosphere and thermosphere observing systems on the improvement of neutral temperature of the data assimilation model has been investigated by a series of observing system simulation experiments. The selected observations include the Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content (e.g., MIT vertical total electron content [VTEC]) and the daytime Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) level‐2 disk temperature (Tdisk). Such observations are ingested into the coupled ionosphere and thermosphere model based on our developed ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation systems on the basis of the ensemble Kalman filter algorithm and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. The main findings are as follows: (a) A considerable improvement of the neutral temperature estimation of the physical‐based model can be obtained in the global region by assimilating either the MIT VTEC or the GOLD Tdisk observations; (b) the assimilation of the GOLD can further contribute to temperature improvement in the lower thermosphere (<200 km), relative to the MIT VTEC assimilation; and (c) simultaneously assimilating both observation types can better improve the quality of neutral temperature estimation over the global area during the whole data assimilation process. The current results demonstrate that assimilating GOLD observations is important to improve the forecast capability of the physical‐based model for the lower thermosphere states and can provide a possible reference for the joint assimilation of the ionosphere and thermosphere observations to better thermosphere specification.
Simulations of Water and Thermal Dynamics for Soil Surfaces With Residue Mulch and Surface Runoff
Authors: Wang Zhuangji , Thapa Resham , Timlin Dennis , Li Sanai , Sun Wenguang , Beegum Sahila , Fleisher David , Mirsky Steven , Cabrera Miguel , Sauer Thomas , Reddy Vangimalla R. , Horton Robert , Tully Katherine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWater and thermal dynamics at soil surfaces are influenced by multiple ambient factors, for example, weather, soil, residue mulch, and surface runoff. A surface water and temperature model should address those ambient factors, and their interactions and derivatives. In this study, we developed a process‐based simulation model for surface water and heat transfer with two main ambient factors, residue mulch and surface runoff. Surface water content and temperature are simulated with a modified Philip and de Vries (1957) model, including precipitation interception and radiation attenuation in residue mulch. Surface runoff is modeled with the Saint‐Venant equation. Residue decomposition, as a derivative, is computed via a modified CERES‐N model. Interactions between surface runoff and residue mulch, and dynamic decreases in residue mulch thickness due to decomposition are also included. The model was modularized and deployed with a “layered module architecture” in MAIZSIM, such that the main ambient factors, interactions, and derivatives can be activated or deactivated based on scenarios or user settings. Illustrative examples include non‐decomposable residue mulch, surface runoff and mulch decomposition scenarios. Results demonstrate that residue mulch can conserve soil water and reduce temporal variations of surface temperature. Surface runoff and its effects on water infiltration and surface temperature, and nitrogen mineralization during decomposition are also illustrated. The simulated surface temperature, water content, and mulch decomposition results are similar to literature results from field experiments. This study demonstrates the model workability in simulating surface water and temperature dynamics, and the feasibility of synthesizing multiple factors via a modularized model architecture.
Adaptation to an amoeba host drives selection of virulence-associated traits in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Hoque M Mozammel , Noorian Parisa , Espinoza-Vergara Gustavo , Manuneedhi Cholan Pradeep , Kim Mikael , Rahman Md Hafizur , Labbate Maurizio , Rice Scott A , Pernice Mathieu , Oehlers Stefan H , McDougald Diane 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Predation by heterotrophic protists drives the emergence of adaptive traits in bacteria, and often these traits lead to altered interactions with hosts and persistence in the environment. Here we studied adaptation of the cholera pathogen, Vibrio cholerae during long-term co-incubation with the protist host, Acanthamoeba castellanii. We determined phenotypic and genotypic changes associated with long-term intra-amoebal host adaptation and how this impacts pathogen survival and fitness. We showed that adaptation to the amoeba host leads to temporal changes in multiple phenotypic traits in V. cholerae that facilitate increased survival and competitive fitness in amoeba. Genome sequencing and mutational analysis revealed that these altered lifestyles were linked to non-synonymous mutations in conserved regions of the flagellar transcriptional regulator, flrA. Additionally, the mutations resulted in enhanced colonisation in zebrafish, establishing a link between adaptation of V. cholerae to amoeba predation and enhanced environmental persistence. Our results show that pressure imposed by amoeba on V. cholerae selects for flrA mutations that serves as a key driver for adaptation. Importantly, this study provides evidence that adaptive traits that evolve in pathogens in response to environmental predatory pressure impact the colonisation of eukaryotic organisms by these pathogens.
CHD1L augments autophagy-mediated migration of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting ZKSCAN3
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Bai Yinshan , Huang Li , Liu Shanshan , Mo Yanxuan , Cheng Wei , Wang Guangliang , Cao Zhiming , Chen Xiaogang , Cui Huiqing , Qi Ling , Ma Lei , Liu Ming , Guan Xin-Yuan , Ma Ning-Fang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutophagy is an important biological process in normal cells. However, how it affects tumor progression still remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that the oncogenic protein Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding-protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) might promote HCC cells migration and metastasis through autophagy. CHD1L could bind to the promotor region of Zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domain 3 (ZKSCAN3), a pivotal autophagy suppressor, and inhibit its transcription. We established inducible CHD1L conditional knockout cell line (CHD1L-iKO cell) and found that the deletion of CHD1L significantly increased ZKSCAN3 expression both at mRNA and protein level. Deletion of CHD1L impaired the autophagic flux and migration of HCC cells, while specifically inhibiting ZKSCAN3 blocked these effects. Further exploration demonstrated that the enhanced tumor cell migration and metastasis induced by CHD1L was mediated through ZKSCAN3-induced autophagic degradation of Paxillin. In summary, we have characterized a previously unknown function of CHD1L in regulating tumor migration via ZKSCAN3-mediated autophagy in HCC. Further inhibition of CHD1L and its downstream autophagy signaling might shed new light on cancer therapeutics.
Catheter-based ultrasound renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension: the randomized, controlled REQUIRE trial
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Yokoi Yoshiaki , Okamura Keisuke , Fujihara Masahiko , Ogoyama Yukako , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Urata Hidenori , Cho Jin-Man , Kim Chong-Jin , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Shinohara Keisuke , Mukai Yasushi , Ikemoto Tomokazu , Nakamura Masato , Seki Shuichi , Matoba Satoaki , Shibata Yoshisato , Sugawara Shigeo , Yumoto Kazuhiko , Tamura Kouichi , Yoshihara Fumiki , Nakamura Satoko , Kang Woong Chol , Shibasaki Taro , Dote Keigo , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Matsuo Akiko , Fujita Hiroshi , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Kang Hyun-Jae , Sakata Yasushi , Horie Kazunori , Inoue Naoto , Sasaki Ken-ichiro , Ueno Takafumi , Tomita Hirofumi , Morino Yoshihiro , Nojima Yuhei , Kim Chan Joon , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Kai Hisashi , Nanto Shinsuke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Renal denervation is a promising new non-pharmacological treatment for resistant hypertension. However, there is a lack of data from Asian patients. The REQUIRE trial investigated the blood pressure-lowering efficacy of renal denervation in treated patients with resistant hypertension from Japan and South Korea. Adults with resistant hypertension (seated office blood pressure ≥150/90 mmHg and 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg) with suitable renal artery anatomy were randomized to ultrasound renal denervation or a sham procedure. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure at 3 months. A total of 143 patients were included (72 renal denervation, 71 sham control). Reduction from baseline in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure at 3 months was not significantly different between the renal denervation (−6.6 mmHg) and sham control (−6.5 mmHg) groups (difference: −0.1, 95% confidence interval −5.5, 5.3; p = 0.971). Reductions from baseline in home and office systolic blood pressure (differences: –1.8 mmHg [p = 0.488] and −2.0 mmHg [p = 0.511], respectively), and medication load, did not differ significantly between the two groups. The procedure-/device-related major adverse events was not seen. This study did not show a significant difference in ambulatory blood pressure reductions between renal denervation and a sham procedure in treated patients with resistant hypertension. Although blood pressure reduction after renal denervation was similar to other sham-controlled studies, the sham group in this study showed much greater reduction. This unexpected blood pressure reduction in the sham control group highlights study design issues that will be addressed in a new trial.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02918305 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
On the crystallography and reversibility of lithium electrodeposits at ultrahigh capacity
Authors: Zhao Qing , Deng Yue , Utomo Nyalaliska W. , Zheng Jingxu , Biswal Prayag , Yin Jiefu , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLithium metal is a promising anode for energy-dense batteries but is hindered by poor reversibility caused by continuous chemical and electrochemical degradation. Here we find that by increasing the Li plating capacity to high values (e.g., 10–50 mAh cm−2), Li deposits undergo a morphological transition to produce dense structures, composed of large grains with dominantly (110)Li crystallographic facets. The resultant Li metal electrodes manifest fast kinetics for lithium stripping/plating processes with higher exchange current density, but simultaneously exhibit elevated electrochemical stability towards the electrolyte. Detailed analysis of these findings reveal that parasitic electrochemical reactions are the major reason for poor Li reversibility, and that the degradation rate from parasitic electroreduction of electrolyte components is about an order of magnitude faster than from chemical reactions. The high-capacity Li electrodes provide a straightforward strategy for interrogating the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li —with unprecedented, high signal to noise. We find that an inorganic rich SEI is formed and is primarily concentrated around the edges of lithium particles. Our findings provide straightforward, but powerful approaches for enhancing the reversibility of Li and for fundamental studies of the interphases formed in liquid and solid-state electrolytes using readily accessible analytical tools.