bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Polymorphism in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: de Moraes Oscar Albuquerque , Scapini Katia , Jensen Leonado , de Souza Leandro Eziquiel , Irigoyen Maria Claudia 
Published: June 2021

It has been established that renin angiotensin system gene polymorphism, such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), could contribute to a higher occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the variation of the number of copies of the ACE gene in the AMI. Adult mice, genetically modified to express different concentrations of the ACE were used (one, two and three copies – ACE 1, ACE 2 and ACE 3). The animals were divided into 9 groups (n = 10): 3 without AMI ‐ ACE 1, ACE 2 and ACE 3; 3 infarcted groups assessed 7 days after AMI ‐ ACE 1‐MI7, ACE 2‐MI7 and ACE 3‐MI7; 3 infarcted groups assessed 28 days after AMI ‐ ACE 1‐MI28, ACE 2‐MI28 and ACE 3‐MI28. Infarcted animals were submitted to AMI by ligature of the left coronary artery. Cardiac function by echocardiography, heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity were evaluated. Regarding the echocardiographic data, the E/A ratio was higher in the ACE group 3‐MI7 than in the non‐infarcted groups with one and two copies of ACE and higher than in the infarcted group with two copies of the ACE gene (ACE 3‐MI7: 3.47 ± 0.50 vs. ACE 1: 1.08 ± 0.14, ACE 2: 1.24 ± 0.16 and ACE 2‐MI7: 1.74 ± 0.25); the fractional area change was lower in the infarcted groups ACE 1‐MI7, ACE 2‐MI7 and ACE 3‐MI7 compared to non‐infarcted and was lower in the ACE group 3‐MI7 than in the ACE groups 2‐MI7 and ACE 1‐MI7 (ACE 3‐MI7: 21,30 ± 1,47 vs. ACE 1‐MI7: 30,10 ± 1,80 and ACE 2‐MI7: 31,12 ± 1,47%). Regarding the autonomic parameters sympathetic modulation was higher in the ACE group 3‐MI7 than in the ACE 1, ACE 2 and ACE 1‐MI7 groups (ACE 3‐MI7: 14.85 ± 2.36 vs. ACE 1: 4.76 ± 2.00, ACE 2: 4.34 ± 1.40 and ACE 1‐MI7: 5.13 ± 1.88 ms2); and the sympatovagal balance was higher in the ACE group 3‐MI7 than in the ACE group 1‐MI7 (ACE 3‐MI7: 2.22 ± 0.17 vs. ACE 1‐MI7: 0.81 ± 0.25). When comparing infarcted groups 7 and 28 days after AMI, it was observed that the baroreflex efficiency index was higher in the ACE group 1‐MI28 than in the infarcted groups assessed 7 days after the infarction (ACE 1‐MI28: 0.28 ± 0.03 vs. ACE 1‐MI7: 0.15 ± 0.02, ACE 2‐MI7: 0.17 ± 0.01 and ACE 3‐MI7: 0.17 ± 0.01). Infarcted animals with 3 copies of the ACE gene had lower survival (41%) and animals with 1 copy of the ACE gene had greater survival (71%) at the end of the study.CONCLUSIONOur results of cardiac function, cardiovascular autonomic function and survival curve indicate that animals with three copies of the ACE gene presented a worse evolution after myocardial infarction in relation to the animals with one copy of the ACE gene.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
IMPAIRMENT ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND AUTONOMIC ADJUSTMENTS TO ISOMETRIC EXERCISE IN OBESE SUBJECTS: CORRELATIONS WITH INDEXES OF OBESITY
Authors: da Silva Reberth Magalhães , Viana Ariane , dos Santos Thiago Lucio , De Angelis Katia 
Published: June 2021

Obese individuals are susceptible to developing hypertension due to impaired sympathetic and/or parasympathetic modulation and reduced heart rate variability (HRV), and baroreflex sensitivity at rest. Isometric exercise is a challenge for the cardiovascular system and may contribute to triggering early changes in susceptible individuals. The aim of the presente study was to investigate cardiovascular parameters and HRV in obese subjects at rest and in response to isometric exercise using a handgrip. We performed metabolic, cardiovascular and autonomic evaluations in healthy and sedentary individuals (21.09 ± 2.35 years) distributed into 2 groups: Obese (OG, n = 06) and Eutrophic (EG, n = 06) at rest and in response to 90 seconds of physical stress with HandGrip (HG, 30% of the maximal load). We observed increased body mass (p = 0.001), abdominal circumference (p = 0.006), waist circumference (p = 0.007), hip circumference (p = 0.002) and BMI (p = 0.001) in OG, characterizing the sample. We did not observe differences between the groups for blood pressure or blood glucose, triglycerides (p = 0.06) and cholesterol. At rest, the OG showed an increase in the cardiac LF band of HRV in absolute values (p = 0.04), which represents na impairment on cardiac sympathetic modulation in comparison to the EG. In addition, the OG showed an exacerbated response for both systolic (SBP, p = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, p = 0.006) immediately post HG when compared to EG. In addition, after 15 minutes of recovery of the HG, SBP (p = 0.01) and DBP (p = 0.002) of EG returned to baseline values, which was not observed in OG. We also observed improved total HRV post HG in EG in relation to resting values (p = 0.001), which was not observe in the OG. We observed positive correlations for both, final DBP and abdominal circumference (r = 0.74, p = 0.02), and for final DBP and fat mass percentages by skin folds (r = 0.73, p = 0.01). Considering that increased waist circumference, % fat mass and BMI are proven cardiovascular risk factors, we observed here that these factors associated with sedentary lifestyle are correlated with exacerbated blood pressure responses to isometric physical stress. Therefore, although young obese individuals are apparently healthy, they may present increase on sympathetic modulation to the heart at rest and impaired responses to isometric exercise, demonstrating early markers of cardiovascular risk in this population.Support or Funding InformationFinacial Support: UNINOVE, CAPES, CNPq.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Study of Quality Characteristics and Functional Evaluation of E. cottonii
Authors: Kang Myunghwa , Jeong Bit‐na , An Su‐mi , Kim Do‐Hee 
Published: June 2021

Seaweeds contain potentially good nutrients along with sources of protein, carbohydrates, fibers, minerals and vitamins, and have low lipid content. Among them, E. cottonii is a potential and interesting new It is known to be a source of natural materials.In this study, the characteristics, physical properties and functional evaluation of E. cottonii were compared and studied. Moisture content was highest in G.E and high in non roasted samples. Crude protein content was the highest in C.S.E and high in non roasted samples. The content of ash was highest in R.G.E and it was generally higher in the samples grown. The crude fat content was the highest in R.C.S.E and it was measured higher in the cultured and treated samples. The total carbohydrate content of R.G.E and R.C.S.E was higher than that of roasted carbohydrate. The yield of carrageenan was the highest in R.C.S.E and it was high in cultured and treated samples. The physical properties of Carrageenan were generally higher in G.E. Leucine was the essential amino acid and glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the most essential amino acids. The content of K was the highest in the mineral contents, Fe and P were significantly lower than the other values, and the content of Se was not found. The electron donating ability was the highest value of water extracted samples. Among them, C.S.E and R.C.S.E were the highest. ABTs radical scavenging activity was the highest value of 80% ethanol extracted and R.C.S.E was the highest. SOD‐liked activit was highest in 80% ethanol and R.C.S.E was the highest. Reducing power activity showed no significant difference between the samples. Total phenolic acid content also showed no significant difference among the samples. Total flavonoid content was highest in water samples and G.E was the highest.Support or Funding InformationAs a result of this study, the samples treated with the culture solution were measured at higher values. The yield of Carrageenan was close to 20% in R.C.S.E and as a result, carrageenan contained in E. cottonii was found to be able to obtain optimal yields in the future through the use of gelling agents, thickeners, stabilizers, surfactants, And the like. In addition, E. Cottonii is expected to be used as a natural antioxidant.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of Home‐Based Exercise Training on Post‐Exercise Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation in Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Lahti Dana S , Blushke Corey R , Pockett Charissa , Bradley Timothy J , Pharis Scott , Butcher Scotty J , Kosokowsky Kylee , Boyes Natasha G , Wright Kristi D , Erlandson Marta C , Tomczak Corey R 
Published: June 2021

A hallmark feature of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is exercise intolerance, along with slow post‐exercise muscle oxygenation recovery. Exercise rehabilitation programs have been shown to improve peak V̇O2 in children with CHD; however, exercise tolerance is still limited compared to healthy matched controls. Whether exercise training improves post‐exercise recovery of muscle oxygenation (as measured by tissue oxygenation index, TOI) in children with CHD compared to healthy children is unknown.PURPOSETo determine whether a 12‐week home‐based exercise intervention can improve post‐exercise TOI response after peak exercise in children with CHD compared to controls.METHODSEight children with CHD (f/m = 4/4; mean ± SD age: 12 ± 2 yrs) with simple and complex lesions and seven healthy controls (f/m = 3/4; age: 12 ± 3 yrs) were studied. Children with CHD completed a home‐based exercise program 3 times/week for 12 weeks, in addition to 6 biweekly in‐person sessions. Exercise tolerance was assessed with peak V̇O2 testing to volitional fatigue on a cycle ergometer, followed by 4 minutes of 20‐W recovery. Vastus lateralis TOI was continuously sampled during exercise and recovery via near‐infrared spectroscopy. Post‐exercise TOI recovery data was normalized from 0% (end‐exercise) to 100% (4 min post‐exercise) and data analyzed at set time points to characterize TOI time course changes (0s, 15s, 30s, 60s, 90s, 120s, 180s and 240s). Pre vs. post training changes in TOI were analyzed using paired t‐tests. Significance was accepted when P<0.05.RESULTSPost‐exercise TOI was significantly lower in CHD pre‐training compared to controls at 15s (9 ± 9 vs. 27 ± 16 %; P = 0.018) and 30s (32 ± 17 vs. 72 ± 35%; P = 0.012). Similarly, post‐exercise TOI in CHD after exercise training was significantly lower than controls at 15s (9 ± 7 vs. 27 ± 16 %; P = 0.014) and 30s (36 ± 22 vs. 72 ± 35%; P = 0.030)‐‐‐.CONCLUSIONExcessive post‐exercise impairment in TOI recovery persists after home‐based exercise in children with CHD compared to controls.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Orthopedic Injury‐Induced Hypercoagulability in Rats
Authors: Palei Ana Carolina , Carter Kristen T. , Witcher Brycen M. , Spradley Frank T. , Kutcher Matthew E. 
Published: June 2021

Trauma‐associated hypercoagulability is estimated to occur in 28% of injured patients, leading to thromboembolic complications such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Orthopedic injury accounts for >45% of injuries requiring hospitalization. However, few clinically relevant models exist to examine the specific mechanisms underlying orthopedic injury‐induced hypercoagulability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a novel rodent model of hypercoagulability after bilateral hindlimb injury mimicking the hypercoagulability found in trauma patients. For this purpose, 16‐week‐old male Wistar rats (n=5, mean body weight=381±21 g) were anesthetized; had carotid catheters placed for serial blood sampling; and were subjected to bilateral hindlimb fibula fracture with controlled soft tissue and muscular crush injury followed by injection of bone homogenate, mimicking injuries sustained with bilateral femur fracture. Blood samples were drawn into 4% sodium citrate, incubated for 30 min at room temperature while rocking, and analyzed by native thromboelastography (TEG) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post‐injury. TEG is a viscoelastic assay that allows for comprehensive assessment of clot formation and degradation in whole blood which, unlike standard clinical coagulation tests, can detect hypercoagulability. Baseline TEG studies were performed in triplicate immediately after catheter placement. Compared to baseline measurements, mean TEG parameters did not significantly differ at 3 and 6 h time points. However, significant hypercoagulability was noted at 12 h in maximal amplitude of clot firmness (1.2‐fold increase, p=0.002), overall clot strength (TEG ‘G’ value, 2.1‐fold increase, p=0.003), and thrombin generation (1.2‐fold increase, p=0.003); these parameters remained persistently elevated at 24 h (1.3, 2.5, and 1.2‐fold higher than baseline, respectively; all p<0.003). There were no significant differences compared to baseline at any time points in the TEG parameters R (reflecting time to clot initiation), K or angle (reflecting fibrin polymerization kinetics), or lysis index (reflecting fibrinolysis; all p>0.05). In summary, a rodent model of bilateral hindlimb orthopedic injury recapitulates post‐injury hypercoagulability identified in human trauma patients, as identified by TEG. Hypercoagulability is specifically manifested as increased clot strength and thrombin generation, with no changes alterations in time to clot formation, fibrin polymerization kinetics, or fibrinolysis. We propose that this model will allow for investigation of mechanisms mediating injury‐induced hypercoagulability to assist in identifying novel strategies for thromboprophylaxis.Support or Funding InformationNIH HL105324, NIH HL130577, NIH TR001417, and NIH GM115428This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The absence of AMPK beta1 exacerbates the acute olanzapine‐induced hyperglycemia in female mice
Authors: Shamshoum Hesham , Medak Kyle D. , Wojdyla Gabriela , Peppler Willem T. , Townsend Logan K. , Kemp Bruce E. , Wright David C. 
Published: June 2021

Olanzapine is a second‐generation antipsychotic drug used widely in the treatment of schizophrenia. Though effective in reducing psychoses, acute olanzapine treatment causes acute increases in blood glucose and chronically leads to weight gain. A primary contributor to acute olanzapine‐induced hyperglycemia is glucagon mediated‐increases in liver glucose production. Prior work by our lab demonstrated that exhaustive exercise or treatment with 5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), approaches which activates the energy sensing enzyme 5′AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), protect against olanzapine‐induced hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if 1) olanzapine‐induced hyperglycemia would be exacerbated in AMPK b1 deficient (KO) mice and 2) if A769662, a specific allosteric activator of AMPK b1 containing complexes, could mitigate the effects of olanzapine on glucose homeostasis. We hypothesized that the absence of AMPK b1, a subunit which is primarily found in the liver, would worsen the acute metabolic effects of olanzapine and that A769662 would prevent olanzapine‐induced hyperglycemia control mice. Female AMPK b1 KO or wild type (WT) mice were treated with olanzapine (5 mg/kg) and blood glucose was taken at baseline and 30, 60 and 90 minutes post‐injection. As anticipated, the protein content and phosphorylation of AMPKa was significantly reduced in liver from AMPK b1 KO mice and this coincided with a greater olanzapine‐induced increase in blood glucose compared to WT mice. Serum glucagon concentration was not significantly different between genotypes after OLZ treatment nor were there any differences in the protein content of the gluconeogenic enzymes PEPCK and G6Pase. Interestingly, when challenged with glucagon (1.0 mg/kg IP) or epinephrine (0.5 mg/kg IP) the rise in blood glucose was greater in KO compared to WT mice, suggesting that an increase in the responsiveness to hormonal gluconeogenic signals could explain the potentiated effect of olanzapine in AMPK b1 KO. Surprisingly, co‐treatment with A769662 (30 mg/kg) did not attenuate olanzapine‐induced increases in blood glucose in female C57BL6/J mice. Our findings provide evidence that reductions in AMPK activity potentiate the effects of acute olanzapine treatment on blood glucose, whereas specifically targeting AMPK b1 containing complexes is not sufficient to protect against olanzapine‐induced hyperglycemia.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchSupport or Funding InformationThis study was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The result of histochemical research in the diagnosis of steatosis in cows
Authors: Votinceva Aleksandra , Nikitina Anastasiya , Nikitin Georgiy , Kovalev Sergej , Plemyashov Kirill , Anipchenko Polina , Netschajew Andrej , Herbakov Grigorij SHC 
Published: June 2021

Ration disbalancing in highly‐productive cows, as well as the influence of toxic elements often leads to the development of steatosis, which almost always occurs latently. As a rule, the development of the first clinical signs is registered already with irreversible damage of hepatocytes, which causing death of animal. In 2018, 13 samples of liver biomaterial obtained from cows with steatosis of different severity of the disease were examined. Material for histological research were fixed in a 95% solution of ethanol for 24 hours. Further, according to the standard method, paraffin is embedded. Slices were made 5–7 microns thick. The resulting sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Schiffod‐iodic acid by McManus to detect glycogen. Morphological study of histological preparations was carried out using a Carl Zeiss light‐optical microscope with a magnification of 50–400. Microphotos were taken using an Axio Scope A1 digital camera. In the analysis of histological samples, pathological changes in the liver were observed in the form of expressed centrolobular local and diffuse small‐droplet and large‐droplet fatty degeneration of hepatocytes (Fig. 1), as well as a decrease and absence of glycogen cells (Fig. 2, 4). The liver had a regular girder structure, it was full‐blooded. The sinusoids of the liver and Disse spaces were medium dilated (Fig. 3). Portal triad had a typical histological structure, in some cases were expanded, in the stroma of the tracts were found hepatic triad, represented by the interlobular artery, vein and bile duct. Thickening of the portal triad with poorly expressed mononuclear infiltration was also noted, with no significant inflammatory changes in the samples presented (Fig. 5). These changes may be toxic. In addition to the above dystrophic and functional changes, a dilation of Disse sinusoidal spaces was also noted (Fig. 3). Staining of Schiff‐iodic acid by MacManus showed the absence of glycogen in four samples. Using the same staining protocol showed positive staining effect of the reticular fibers of the interstitial tissue of the cow's kidney. The remaining samples, the amount of glycogen in the hepatocytes was significantly reduced. In animals whose liver samples showed a lack of glycogen clinical finding of liver dysfunction were expressed. As a result, in the acute form of cows' steatosis, the amount of glycogen in hepatocytes sharply decreases. This leads to irreversible consequences, and often fatal.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Gut Microbiome is Dispensable for Normal Respiratory Function and Chemoreflexes in Adult Mice
Authors: Morales Fatima Beatriz Saldana , Ray Russell Scott 
Published: June 2021

Increasing evidence indicates that changes in respiratory homeostasis and disordered breathing, such as obstructive sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia or exercise can modulate or are associated with changes in the gut microbiome. Additionally, alterations to gut microbiome have been hypothesized to play a role in autoimmune diseases, social behavioral deficits, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We therefore aimed to determine if a model of gut dysbiosis, the absence of a gut microbiome, would result in alterations to respiratory homeostasis.In order to determine if the lack of a gut microbiome would alter respiratory homeostasis, we assayed 8‐week‐old C57bl6J germ‐free (GF, n=24) and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF, n=24) mice under normoxic (21%O2, 79%N2) conditions and challenging them with hypercapnic (5%CO2, 21%O2, 74%N2) and hypoxic (10%O2, 90%N2) environments. Whole‐body flow through plethysmography was used to monitor respiratory function and metabolic demand in conscious and unrestrained animals. The experimental protocol consisted of 5 days of habituation to human handling and chamber acclimation prior to respiratory assessment. GF mice habituation was performed inside the germ‐free isolator prior to exiting them for testing. To determine if gut colonization of GF mice may alter respiratory function, 12 GF mice assayed by plethysmography and then orally inoculated with fecal samples from SPF donor mice, while 12 SPF control mice were assayed for respiratory function and then inoculated with sterile saline. All animals were then placed back into the SPF facility for 3 weeks to allow for gut colonization.Mice were analyzed for respiratory rate (Vf), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and minute ventilation normalized by oxygen consumption (VE/VO2). For GF vs SPF experiments 2‐way ANOVA was performed with Bonferroni multiple comparison correction and a p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. No difference between GF and SPF mice for any parameter was found. For GF gut recolonization experiments, no significant difference was found within group comparing pre‐ and post‐recolonization and between groups. Pre‐ and post‐recolonization data was compared using a paired t‐test while the comparison between groups was done by a 2‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison correction. A p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.Overall these results suggest that the gut microbiome is dispensable for normal respiratory function and respiratory chemoreflexes in adult mice and that the lack of a gut microbiome, a model of gut dysbiosis, does not result in significant changes in respiratory homeostasis.Support or Funding InformationMcNair Medical InstituteThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.