bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective case‐control cohort analysis of comorbidity and health expenditure in hospitalized adults diagnosed with obesity utilizing ICD‐10 diagnostic coding
Authors: Bishay Ramy H. , Meyerowitz‐Katz G. , Hng T. M. , Colaco C. M. G. , Khanna S. , Klein R. , Sanjeev D. , McLean M. , Ahlenstiel G. , Maberly G. F. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe cost and comorbidity of obesity in hospitalized inpatients, is less known. A retrospective study of patients presenting to a large district hospital in Western Sydney (April 2016‐February 2017) using clinical, pathological as well as diagnostic coding data for obesity as per ICD‐10. Of 43 212 consecutive hospital presentations, 390 had an obesity‐coded diagnosis (Ob, 0.90%), of which 244 were gender and age‐matched to a non‐obesity coded cohort (NOb). Weight and BMI were higher in the Ob vs NOb group (126 ± 37 vs 82 ± 25 kg; BMI 46 ± 12 vs 29 ± 8 kg/m2, P < .001) with a medical record documentation rate of 62% for obesity among Ob. The Ob cohort had 2‐5× higher rates of cardiopulmonary and metabolic complications (P < .001), greater pharmacologic burden, length of stay (LOS, 225 vs 89 hours, P < .001) and stay in intensive care but no differences in the prevalence of mental disorders. Compared with BMI <35 kg/m2, inpatients with BMI >35 kg/m2 were 5× more likely to require intensive care (OR 5.08 [1.43‐27.3, 95% CI], P = .0047). The initiation of obesity‐specific interventions by clinical teams was very low. People with obesity who are admitted to hospital carry significant cost and complications, yet obesity is seldom recognized as a clinical entity or contributor.
The effects of a leaflet‐based intervention, ‘Hypos can strike twice’, on recurrent hypoglycaemic attendances by ambulance services: A non‐randomised stepped wedge study
Authors: Botan Vanessa , Law Graham R. , Laparidou Despina , Rowan Elise , Smith Murray D. , Ridyard Colin , Brewster Amanda , Spaight Robert , Spurr Keith , Mountain Pauline , Dunmore Sally , James June , Roberts Leon , Khunti Kamlesh , Siriwardena Aloysius N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate the effect of an intervention in which ambulance personnel provided advice supported by a booklet—‘Hypos can strike twice’—issued following a hypoglycaemic event to prevent future ambulance attendances.MethodsWe used a non‐randomised stepped wedge‐controlled design. The intervention was introduced at different times (steps) in different areas (clusters) of operation within East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EMAS). During the first step (T0), no clusters were exposed to the intervention, and during the last step (T3), all clusters were exposed. Data were analysed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) and an interrupted‐time series analysis (ITSA).ResultsThe study included 4825 patients (mean age 65.42 years, SD 19.42; 2,166 females) experiencing hypoglycaemic events attended by EMAS. GLMM indicated a reduction in the number of unsuccessful attendances (i.e., attendance followed by a repeat attendance) in the final step of the intervention when compared to the first (odds ratio OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.33–0.76, p = 0.001). ITSA indicated a significant decrease in repeat ambulance attendances for hypoglycaemia—relative to the pre‐intervention trend (p = 0.008). Furthermore, the hypoglycaemia care bundle was delivered in 66% of attendances during the intervention period, demonstrating a significant level of practice change (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe ‘Hypos can strike twice’ intervention had a positive effect on reducing numbers of repeat attendances for hypoglycaemia and in achieving the care bundle. The study supports the use of information booklets by ambulance clinicians to prevent future attendances for recurrent hypoglycaemic events.
Does a forward‐looking perspective affect self‐control and the demand for commitment? Results from an educational intervention
Authors: Alan Sule , Ertac Seda , Gumus Inci 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the results from a randomized educational intervention, that aims to build a forward‐looking perspective in children. We evaluate the effects of the intervention on planning, commitment and consumption decisions in an intertemporal task using a temptation good, chocolate. We find that treated children end up consuming less chocolate on the earlier date than control children. This is both because they make more patient consumption plans, and because they exhibit a type of extreme self‐control, eating even less than they had planned. Treatment effects are heterogeneous on gender, with treated girls becoming less present‐biased (as well as more future‐biased).
Plant and soil biodiversity have non‐substitutable stabilising effects on biomass production
Authors: Yang Gaowen , Ryo Masahiro , Roy Julien , Hempel Stefan , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe stability of plant biomass production in the face of environmental change is fundamental for maintaining terrestrial ecosystem functioning, as plant biomass is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all life forms. However, most studies have focused on the stabilising effect of plant diversity, neglecting the effect of soil biodiversity, the largest reservoir of biodiversity on Earth. Here we investigated the effects of plant and soil biodiversity on the temporal stability of biomass production under varying simulated precipitation in grassland microcosms. Soil biodiversity loss reduced temporal stability by suppressing asynchronous responses of plant functional groups. Greater plant diversity, especially in terms of functional diversity, promoted temporal stability, but this effect was independent of soil biodiversity loss. Moreover, multitrophic biodiversity, plant and soil biodiversity combined, was positively associated with temporal stability. Our study highlights the importance of maintaining both plant and soil biodiversity for sustainable biomass production.
Postprandial insulin responses to various feedstuffs differ in insulin dysregulated horses compared with non‐insulin dysregulated controls
Authors: Macon Erica L. , Harris Patricia , Bailey Simon , Barker Virginia D. , Adams Amanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundControlling postprandial hyperinsulinaemia is important in insulin dysregulated (ID) horses to reduce the risk of laminitis.ObjectivesTo evaluate postprandial insulin responses of ID versus non‐insulin dysregulated (NID) horses to feedstuffs varying in nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) and crude protein (CP).Study designRandomised crossover.MethodsEighteen adult mixed‐breed horses (13.3 ± 2.2 years; 621 ± 78.8 kg) were individually fed [~1 g/kg body weight (BW)] specific feedstuffs within two crossover studies. Eight ID and eight NID were used in Study A, and 11 ID and 5 NID in Study B. In Study A, all horses were randomly fed once: cracked corn (CC: ~74% NSC & ~9% CP), ration balancer with low protein (RB‐LP: ~15% NSC & ~17% CP), ration balancer with high protein (RB‐HP: ~14% NSC and ~37% CP) and 50:50 mixture of RB‐LP:RB‐HP (MIX‐P). In Study B, horses were randomly fed once: CC, RB‐HP, steam‐flaked corn (SF: ~73% NSC & ~10% CP), oat groats (OG: ~64% NSC & ~14% CP) and a low NSC pellet (L‐NSC: ~6% NSC & ~12% CP). Blood was collected for insulin determination [radioimmunoassay (RIA)] before and 30, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240‐minute post‐feeding in Study A and at 60‐minute in Study B. Data were analysed via analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures after any required transformations.ResultsID horses had significantly greater insulin responses (AUCi) than NID for all diets in both studies (P < .001; ID 22 362 ± 10 298 µIU/mL/min & NID 6145 ± 1922 µIU/mL/min). No effect of diet on AUCi for NID (P = .2), but in ID, the CC (32 000 ± 13 960 µIU/mL/min) AUCi was higher than RB‐LP (P = .01; 18 977 ± 6731 µIU/mL/min). ID insulin (T60) was lower for the L‐NSC (57.8 ± 18.5 µIU/mL) versus all other diets (P < .02; 160.1 ± 91.5 µIU/mL).Main limitationsSmall numbers of horses; no ponies.ConclusionsNSC appears to be the main driver of the postprandial insulin response. ID horses respond disproportionately to feeding even small amounts of low/moderate NSC feedstuffs. Data on possible dietary thresholds for postprandial insulin responses cannot be extrapolated from NID horses.
A novel α‐glucosidase inhibitor polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme
Authors: Zhang Mengqing , Yang Ruijin , Yu Shuhuai , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2021

Summaryα‐Glucosidase inhibitors, which can inhibit α‐glucosidase to reduce the release of glucose after a mixed carbohydrate diet, has become a key tool in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SFP‐1, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor derived from Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme), was studied as a food‐derived hypoglycaemic agent. By binding α‐glucosidase and then changing the conformation of the enzyme, SFP‐1 with a mixed inhibition type exerted an excellent inhibitory effect (IC50 value: 0.681 mg mL−1). Structural analyses suggested that the average molecular weight of SFP‐1 was 1.61 × 105 Da, mainly composed of glucuronic acid, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose, and the relative molar ratio was 23.07: 15.17: 7.72: 4.92: 4.04: 1.99. FTIR and NMR analysis suggested that SFP‐1 was an acidic polysaccharide with both α‐type and β‐type glycosidic bonds. S. fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP‐1) has the potential to develop as functional foods and nutraceuticals in T2DM management.
Role of pulses to modulate the nutritive, bioactive and technological functionality of cereal‐based extruded snacks: a review
Authors: Sharma Rajan , Sharma Savita , Makroo Hilal A. , Dar B.N. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryPulses hold excellent nutritive potential owing to high‐quality protein content, dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins, oligosaccharides, polyphenols, tannins, phytosterols and several other bioactive constituents. These bio‐functional compounds impart significant health benefits by reducing the risk of several chronic complications such as hypertension, cancers, cardiovascular diseases and neurological concerns mainly through anti‐oxidative and radical scavenging mechanisms. These high protein ingredients when added to cereal‐based extruded snacks not only enhance the nutritive and bioactive profile of the resultant snacks but also modulate the techno‐functional attributes of the extrudates. Protein interactions with cereal‐based starch and other constituents result in structural variation at the macromolecular level consequently varying the physical, mechanical and techno‐functional properties including expansion ratio, bulk density, hydration properties, pasting characteristics and texture. The present review aimed at elaborating the nutritive and bio‐functional potential of pulses enriched cereal‐based expanded snacks. Further, significant emphasis has been given to the impact of pulse flour incorporation on functional, structural and mechanical properties of the cereal‐based extrudates.
Intermediaries in the relevance‐gap debate: A systematic review of consulting roles
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno , Heusinkveld Stefan , Tjemkes Brian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA highly contested issue in management science is its relevance to practice. Despite third parties’ potentially significant role in changing the interaction between divided parties, the long‐standing literature on the relevance gap has paid third parties little systematic attention. Drawing on a boundary‐spanning perspective, and the concept of brokerage in particular, we review how the consultant role is discussed as an intermediary third party between management science and management practice. Based on a systematic literature review of 133 articles, we identify different intermediary consultant roles linking management science to management practice. Our findings detail how the practices associated with intermediary consultant roles performed by academics or practitioners relate to several key relevance criteria, how management knowledge flows when including intermediaries and how intermediaries in different roles relate to different audiences. Based on the findings, we develop a third‐party model of intermediary consultant roles and knowledge flows. The model indicates the theoretical significance of third parties in shaping the interaction and knowledge flows between management science and management practice and has theoretical implications for understanding the persistence of the relevance gap. Regarding practical implications, we suggest how management scientists could target third parties as new key practitioner audiences. Considering third parties, and thus moving away from a two‐party view, opens up promising directions for further research on the roles and role shifts of various intermediary actors and on how different intermediary audiences may appreciate different types of academic knowledge.
Psychometric properties of Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced in patients with multiple chronic conditions: A preliminary study
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Yang Cong‐Yan , Inder Kerry , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple chronic conditions (MCCs) are highly prevalent in primary care. Coping is an important psychological factor that influences patients' ability to adapt physically and mentally to MCCs. Testing a reliable and valid psychometric inventory is necessary to identify coping strategies before developing coping‐oriented interventions.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE‐CN) inventory in patients with MCCs.MethodThis study adopted a cross‐sectional design. A convenience sample of 290 Chinese patients with MCCs was recruited from a tertiary hospital in East China. The Brief COPE‐CN, sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data were collected using a self‐reported questionnaire from November 2017 to May 2018. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 58.5 years (range from 23 to 95 years), and approximately half of the participants were female (49.3%). Most participants had two chronic conditions (82.1%) and reported having had MCCs for more than 2 years. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) identified five factors in the Brief COPE‐CN that explained 58.4% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from .65 to .85 for the five subscales.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of the Brief COPE‐CN were acceptable for use with Chinese patients with MCCs. With further evaluation, this instrument may help health‐care professionals understand patients' coping and develop coping‐based interventions to promote coping in this population.
Effect of oxybutynin patch versus mirabegron on nocturia‐related quality of life in female overactive bladder patients: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Suzuki Toshiro , Minagawa Tomonori , Saito Tetsuichi , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Suzuki Tomio , Furuhata Masayuki , Hosaka Kyoko , Ogawa Teruyuki , Ishizuka Osamu 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of oxybutynin patch versus β3‐adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron on nocturia‐related quality of life in female overactive bladder patients.MethodsIn the present study, female overactive bladder patients were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the oxybutynin patch group and the mirabegron group. Each of the drugs was given for 8 weeks. The changes in the total Nocturia Quality of Life Questionnaire score were evaluated. Parameters on a frequency volume chart were also evaluated.ResultsIn total, 100 patients (51 oxybutynin patch, 49 mirabegron) were treated with oxybutynin patch or mirabegron. The changes in the Nocturia Quality of Life Questionnaire score 4 weeks after administration were 3.8 ± 18.6 and 8.7 ± 13.1 with the oxybutynin patch group and the mirabegron group, respectively, which were significantly higher than those at the baseline. Furthermore, the changes in the Nocturia Quality of Life Questionnaire score 8 weeks after administration were 4.3 ± 16.5 and 7.7 ± 12.3, respectively. A statistical difference was seen only in the mirabegron group. Regarding the Nocturia Quality of Life Questionnaire subscores, oxybutynin patch and mirabegron significantly improved the Nocturia Quality of Life Questionnaire bother/concern subscore 4 and 8 weeks after administration, whereas the Nocturia Quality of Life Questionnaire sleep/energy subscore was not significantly improved in each period. Eight weeks after administration, 24‐h frequency, 24‐h urinary urgency and mean voided urine volume were improved in both groups statistically.ConclusionsThe oxybutynin patch improves quality of life, focusing mainly on nocturia by improving the bother/concern subscores of the Nocturia Quality of Life Questionnaire in the short term.
Endocannabinoids in immune regulation and immunopathologies
Authors: Rahaman Oindrila , Ganguly Dipyaman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndocannabinoids are key bioactive components of the endocannabinoid system, and the profound influence of endocannabinoids on the modulation of the immune system is being increasingly appreciated. The knowledge of endocannabinoid–immune cell crosstalk will pave the way to therapeutic implications of modulators of this pathway in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. Endocannabinoids seem to exert both anti‐inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory effects in specific contexts, based on specific receptor engagement and the downstream signalling pathways involved. In this review, we summarized the biosynthesis, signalling and degradation of two well‐studied endocannabinoids—anandamide and 2‐arachidonylglycerol in immune cells. Then, we discussed the effects of these two endocannabinoids on the functioning of major innate and adaptive immune cells, along with the choice of receptors employed in such interactions. Finally, we outline our current knowledge on the involvement of anandamide and 2‐arachidonylglycerol in context of inflammation, allergies, autoimmunity and metabolic disorders.
Neutralizing interferon‐α blocks inflammation‐mediated vascular injury via PI3K and AMPK in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ding Xuewei , Xiang Wei , Yi Ren , Huang Xiaoyan , Lin Qiuyu , He Xiaojie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key role in the initiation and amplification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐associated vascular injury. In this study, we found that dsDNA induced dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in IFN‐α and Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7), TLR9 and IRF7 expression in pDCs. Co‐cultured circulating endothelial cells (ECs) with activated pDCs significantly decreased proliferation, tube formation and migration in ECs. The elevated level of cellular IFN‐α increased cell adhesion, promoted cell apoptosis, induced cell senescence and arrested cells at G0/G1 phase of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Additionally, the co‐culture system activated MAPK and inactivated PI3K. Pristane was used to establish a in vivo SLE‐like mouse model. Importantly, we showed that INF‐α‐neutralizing antibody (IFN‐α‐NA) rescued all the changes induced by IFN‐α in vitro and prevented vascular injury in pristane‐induced SLE model in vivo. In conclusion, we confirmed that activated pDCs promoted vascular damage and the dysfunction of ECs/EPCs via IFN‐α production. IFN‐α‐neutralizing antibody may be a clinical implication for preventing vascular injury. PI3K signalling and AMPK signalling were associated with SLE‐associated vascular functions.
Laboratory infection rates and associated mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from parasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis)
Authors: Neal Travis , Kent Michael L. , Sanders Justin , Schreck Carl B. , Peterson James T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) rearing in lakes and reservoirs above dams have been known to become heavily infected with an ectoparasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis). Little is known about the factors that affect the parasite infection prevalence and intensity. However, previous research suggests that the parasite may negatively affect the fitness and survival of the host fish. The effect of water temperature, confinement and the density of the free‐swimming infectious stage of S. californiensis, the copepodid, on infection prevalence and intensity was evaluated by experimentally exposing juvenile Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha). Infection rates observed in wild populations were achieved under warm water (15–16°C) and high copepodid density (150–300/L) treatment conditions. Infection prevalence and intensity were also significantly higher in larger fish. During the infection experiment, 4.5% of infected fish died within 54 days with mortality significantly related to copepod infection intensity. The potential for autoinfection was compared to cross‐infection by cohabitation of infected fish with naïve fish. Previously infected fish had significantly greater infection intensity compared with naïve fish, indicating that infected fish can be reinfected and that they may be more susceptible than naïve fish.
Intervening on health literacy by knowledge translation processes in kidney transplantation: A feasibility study
Authors: Andersen Marit H. , Urstad Kristin H. , Larsen Marie H. , Henrichsen Gina Fraas , Engebretsen Eivind , Ødemark John , Stenehjem Aud‐Eldrid , Reisæter Anna V. , Nordlie Arve , Wahl Astrid K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients awaiting kidney transplantation need to be prepared ahead of the upcoming transplantation by developing targeted pre‐ and post‐transplant knowledge. On this background, we designed a new health literacy intervention, including a film and a counselling session, based on motivational interviewing for dialysis patients provided by dialysis nurses.AimTo explore patients' and nurses' experiences of the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, focusing on the patient as a prepared knowledge actor.DesignAn explorative qualitative study.Participants and MethodsData included in‐depth interviews with nine patients and three nurses who participated in the intervention. The interviews were audiotaped and analysed following Kvale and Brinkmann's method for thematic data analysis.FindingsThree main themes were identified: a different kind of health intervention stimulating new insight; a challenging kind of health conversation and changed relationships and increased security.ConclusionsBoth the patients and the nurses had an overall positive attitude toward the intervention, providing a kind of dialogue to prepare dialysis patients going through kidney transplantation. The nurses found the MI methodology to be challenging. When introducing a comprehensive communication method like MI, potential training and supervision needs for the nurses must be addressed.