bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance training for children and adolescents: adaptations, risks and guidelines
Authors: Ruas Cassio V. , Brown Lee E. , Pinto Ronei S. 
Published: February 2021

Resistance training (RT) has been shown in the past years to be an important tool that can benefit children and adolescents in health, wellness and sports fields. The benefits of resistance training for youth are evident in that they often use strength in their daily movements and activities. Thus, the goals of this review are to examine topics related to muscular, physiological and bone adaptations, the benefits, and risks involved in youth RT to guide professionals in develop RT programs involving different modes and exercises for this population. This review was based on 35 studies by accessing the databases: PubMed, Portal Periódico Capes and Google Scholar. These articles included discrepancies on some of the specific RT topics but demonstrated agreement on the majority of benefits regarding RT in children and adolescents when correct supervision and risk conditions are assessed. Future studies assessing RT in children and adolescents with greater volumes and intensities, and using new assessment techniques can provide new knowledge of further benefits regarding this
practice.
The Effect of Environmental Factor, Population and Age of Duck on Egg Production
Authors: Ismoyowati Ismoyowati , Suswoyo Imam , Rosidi Rosidi , Mugiyono Sigit , Hidayat Nu’man 
Published: February 2021

Duck is one of the commodities that contribute to the national livestock production and Central Java is home to the fourth biggest duck population after West Java, South Sulawesi and East Java. The 2019 egg production in Central Java was 36.174 tons or 11.3% of the total egg production nationwide. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the effect of environmental factor, total number and age of ducks on egg production in Central Java. Specifically, this study aimed to observe the effect of region on egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the total livestock (chicken), age (month), stocking density (ducks/m2), internal housing temperature (oC), and humidity (%) on Hen day production/HDP. A survey engaging purposive random sampling was conducted on the population of duck farming in Central Java especially Tegal, Pemalang and Brebes districts. The data were subjected to General Linear Model (GLM) and a regression-correlation analysis using an SPSS program. The result showed that region significantly affected hen day production (HDP) but did not affect FCR. Housing temperature affected HDP by 14.9% and the higher the temperature, the lower the HDP. Duck age affected HDP by 11.7%, and the older the ducks the lower the egg production. Duck population, stocking density and humidity did not significantly affect egg production. Conclusively, duck egg production (HDP) is significantly affected by temperature inside the housing and the duck age.
Mitigating Gender and Maternal and Child Health Injustices through Faith Community-Led Initiatives
Authors: Nwakamma Ikenna J. , Erinmwinhe Amber , Ajogwu Arinzechukwu , Udoh Aniekan , Ada-Ogoh Anne 
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective: Congregational Health Empowerment and Social Safety Advocates (CHESSAdvocates) initiative, a project aimed at mitigating maternal and child health (MCH) and gender injustices in religiously pluralistic societies, was implemented in two Northern Nigerian states of Benue and Kaduna between September 2018 and July 2019. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness, sustainability and factors of success in the CHESS-Advocates model as a faith community approach to mitigating gender and MCH injustices in Northern Nigeria.
Methods: Data were from desk review of monthly project reports which were documented monthly all through the 10-month project life, and qualitative assessment conducted in July 2019 at the end of project. The assessments involved focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews conducted in four randomly selected communities in each of the project states. The variables of interest were sustainability, effectiveness of initiative, and the factors that contributed to the success of the program.
Results: The CHESS-Advocate model was effective in the mobilization of community response that improved uptake and acceptance of antenatal care (ANC), immunization, and uptake of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing services. The model was cost-effective and able to instigate change in harmful practices, particularly in highly religious communities. The model showed promise of sustainability and identified some factors that led to its success in the different communities.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The CHESS advocates model showed promises of efficacy in engaging faith communities as important actors in promoting MCH practices and mitigating gender injustices particularly in rural and underserved communities. Like other faith based models, the CHESS-Advocates model provided opportunities in faith congregations for building sustainable development in health and social justice. The model helped to improve MCH seeking behavior, influenced change in harmful gender norms and in community response against gender based violence in rural communities.
Key words: MCH • Gender justice • HIV • CHESS-Advocates • Faith • Northern Nigeria • Nigeria

Copyright © 2019 Nwakamma et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com - mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Axial Compression Capacity of Concrete Columns Reinforced with Corrosion-Resistant Metallic Reinforcement
Authors: Wright John , Pantelides Chris 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Axial compression performance of concrete columns reinforced with 2304 solid stainless bars and spirals, carbon steel bars and spirals, and 316L stainless steel clad bars is examined after the columns are exposed to severe corrosion. Two groups of columns were investigated: a control group, and a group submerged in a 5.0% by weight chloride solution subjected to accelerated corrosion. A relatively high impressed current density of 8.5 μA/mm2 was used and after 60 days of accelerated corrosion the columns were tested to failure under axial compression. In terms of mass loss per unit of corrosion energy, columns reinforced with stainless steel spirals and either solid stainless or stainless clad vertical bars were 197% more corrosion resistant than carbon steel. Bars made with 2304 solid stainless steel and 316L stainless clad materials developed localized pitting corrosion that led to degradation of the concrete cover and a larger drop in axial compression than carbon steel reinforced columns. However, the carbon steel reinforced columns reached lower failure displacements and a corroded carbon steel reinforced column was the only column to experience sudden failure prior to reaching its theoretical maximum axial compression capacity. Axial compression capacity of the columns in both the control and corroded conditions was modeled using concrete confinement models that produced good agreement with the experimental results.
Structural, Optical, Magnetic, Photocatalytic Activity and Related Biological Effects of CoFe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Yalcin B. , Ozcelik S. , Icin K. , Senturk K. , Ozcelik B. , Arda Lutfi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of magnetic nano-size spinel ferrites has become an important area of research, due to their several potential applications. In this work, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Structural, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of cobalt ferrites were analyzed based on their chemical composition considering their biological properties. Structural and morphological properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and SEM respectively. Lattice parameters and cell volumes were calculated from XRD data. SEM images revealed uniform surface morphology and spherical shape of nanoparticles. Magnetization measurements were measured by using Lake Shore 7304 model Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. In hemolytic activity tests, formation of a precipitate with a characteristic black color provided an explicit evidence to the formation of heme-iron complexes. Undesirable hemolytic effect of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on human erythrocytes at both concentrations was attributed to the comparatively high amount of reactive oxygen species formed by CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The theoretical concentration Co (theory) obtained by second-order model (0.82 mg/L) fit with the experimental value of Co (experimental) (0.95 mg/L) well in photocatalytic activity tests.
Chaotification in an internal-resonance-based electromagnetic vibration energy harvester
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Li Xuefeng , Li Renfu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper explores a 2:1 internal resonance of a bistable vibration energy harvester (BVEH) to enhance the harvesting performance. Two linear natural frequencies are tuned to meet the nearly commensurate ratio, i.e., 1:2. Thus, the 2:1 internal resonance could be activated when the first mode is directly excited under the same vibration frequency as the first linear natural frequency. The amplitude-frequency responses under small vibration amplitudes are obtained through the multi-scale method. The analytic results reveal the double-jumping characteristics, which could expand the bandwidth of the BVEH. Among them, an intriguing “flower pattern” amplitude-frequency curve is observed. Besides, the frequency spectrums are introduced to demonstrate the mode coupling and energy exchange between the first two modes. With small vibration amplitude, only intra-well responses could be obtained, and the energy exchange between modes obeys strict commensurate relation, i.e., 2:1. However, it does not obey the 2:1 ratio when the inter-well responses are activated, and the energy transfers to several low-frequency modes which results in a chaotic inter-well response. Afterward, the bifurcation diagrams and basin-of-attraction maps are explored by the numerical method to develop insights into the nonlinear responses of the BVEH. The results quantitatively prove the enhancement of the inter-well responses by internal resonance, and the chaotic inter-well response dominates the nonlinear behaviors.
Evidence of Reproductive Disturbance in Astyanax Lacustris (Teleostei: Characiformes) From the Doce River After the Collapse of the Fundão Dam in Mariana, Brazil
Authors: Merçon Julia , Cabral Dandara Silva , Teixeira Bárbara Chisté , Pereira Tatiana Miura , Bona Alliny , Valadares Catharina , Nascimento Silvia , Gomes Levy Carvalho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
On November 5th, 2015, the Fundão Dam collapsed dumping more than 50 million/m3 of iron ore tailings, enriched with metals, into the Doce River channel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive biology and histological damage in Astyanax lacustris exposed to the metals from the dam collapse. The study was carried out at Doce River, in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Monthly samplings were carried out for a year. Astyanax lacustris had multiple spawning: females reproductive peak was in September, October, November, and December; and males between September, October, January, and February. There was a latency in the formation of gonads. For male gonads, it was necessary a 6 cm growth for it to increase from 30% to 50% and 4 cm for female gonads to increase from 40% to 50%. There is a positive correlation between gonad’s concentration of Al and Fe and the rate of histological damage in females. Male gonads had a high rate of immature cells invading the cell lumen (47.36%) and female gonads showed higher frequency of atresia (39.64%). Fish exposed to the contaminated water showed high gonad histological damage. The observed changes can directly influence the organism development and reproduction in the long run, thus affecting A. lacustris population present in the region.
Impact of COVID-19 on Malaria Elimination: Juxtaposing Indoor Residual Spraying and Mobile Phones in Buhera Rural District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mbunge Elliot , Millham Richard , Sibiya Maureen Nokuthula , Takavarasha Sam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlobally, malaria remains one of the leading health problems decimating population in Africa with an estimated 228 million cases of malaria and 405 000 deaths occurred worldwide in 2018. In Zimbabwe, like other sub-Saharan countries, is fighting both elusive malaria and COVID-19 that continues to overwhelm the already overburdened healthcare system. Zimbabwean rural healthcare centres including Buhera district experience dire impact of malaria and COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the study presents the impact of COVID-19 on malaria control measures and reflects on indoor residual spraying (IRS) activities pre and post the outbreak of COVID-19 while introspecting milestones and challenges encountered when executing IRS activities; and opportunities to integrate mobile technologies into malaria elimination.MethodsA retrospective study of malaria cases and IRS reports was carried out. Malaria cases per each health centre from 2015-2020 were collected from DHIS in Buhera rural district.ResultsThe study shows that the overall IRS acceptance rate in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 100%, 58.5%, 66.6%, 52.8% and 83.3%, respectively. The absolute rooms sprayed in 2017 are 2.55% above those sprayed in 2016 but are 8.46% below those sprayed in 2015. The coverage failed to reach impact levels in most of the wards due but not lack of resources, limited to inadequate community sensitization, and competing programmes which were running concurrently with IRS. Also, the study revealed that malaria confirmed cases increased tremendously in 2020 as compared to the previous years, particularly from 2015-2019 because of delayed IRS coverage, COVID-19 restrictions, heavy rains, differed and inconsistent social and behaviour change communication, lack of community engagement, delayed procurement of equipment and lack of funding among others. ConclusionsThe study revealed that moving from malaria prevention to elimination is possible in low malaria incidence areas in Buhera rural district. However, new challenges including cyclones and COVID-19, disrupts of movements of medical equipment, delayed IRS activities, social and behaviour change communication and IEC campaigns and mandatory national lockdowns. It is therefore imperative to integrate mobile phones into malaria control strategies during COVID-19 pandemic to strengthen awareness campaigns while maintaining COVID-19 regulations.
Reuse of Treated Wastewater in the Manufacture of Concrete: Major Challenge of Environmental Preservation
Authors: Bouaich Fatima Zahra , Maherzi Walid , Elhajjaji Fadoua , Abriak Nor-Edine , Zarzour Mahfoud Ben , Taleb Mustapha , Rais Zakia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work concerns the reuse of treated wastewater from Er-Rachidia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the mixing of ordinary B25 concrete, in order to reduce the overexploitation of groundwater, avoid its discharge into watercourses and reduce the risk of environmental pollution due to its mineral and organic matter load. In this respect, Tree types of mixing water were used in this study: Drinking Water (DW), Groundwater (GW) and Treated Wastewater (TW). The results recorded for each type of mixing water, in the fresh and hardened state of concretes, are then compared with the requirements of the standards. The obtained results show that the treated wastewater does not have any adverse effect upon the quality of the concrete; it has shown an improvement of the mechanical resistance from the first stage, a similar density, setting time and porosity and a slight decrease of the workability compared with the control concrete. A One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level indicated no significant difference between concrete samples produced and cured with treated wastewater and control samples at ages 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Throughout this study the substitution of drinking water by treated wastewater will help to minimize the need for its use. Additionally, it saves drinking water for consumption and makes wastewater treatment plants more economically attractive, together with other similar goals for sustainable development.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy For Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis
Authors: Li Liqing , Zhou Ying , Huang Yong , Liang Ping , Liang Shixiong , Su Tingshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: It is unclear whether robotic stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is superior to intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of SBRT with those of IMRT in HCCs with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 287 HCC patients with PVTT who underwent radiotherapy between January 2000 and January 2017. Of them, 154 and 133 patients were treated with IMRT and SBRT, respectively. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), intrahepatic control (IC), and local control (LC) were evaluated in univariable and propensity-score matched analyses. Results: After matching, 102 well-paired patients were selected. There was no significant difference in the 6-, 12-, 24-, and 60-month cumulative OS (73.5, 42.9, 23.6, 7.6% vs. 72.4, 45.1, 29.8, 13.2%, P=0.151), PFS (53.9, 29.3, 21.8, 7.5% vs. 54.5, 19.3, 12.0, 9.6%, P=0.744) , IC (61.4, 45.7, 39.0, 26.8% vs. 75.1, 45.8, 35.9, 28.7%, P=0.144), and LC (85.2, 56.5, 52.1, 47.4% vs. 87.4, 65.2, 62.1, 62.1%, P=0.191) between the IMRT and SBRT groups. A biologically effective dose assumed at an a/b ratio of 10 (BED10) of ≥100 Gy was the optimal cutoff for predicting the OS, PFS, IC, and LC in the patients who received SBRT. Conclusions: When high-precision tracking technology is available, SBRT appears to be a safe and more time-efficient treatment, achieving comparable OS, PFS, IC and LC to IMRT for local advanced HCC with PVTT. A BED10≥100 Gy is recommended if tolerated by normal tissue.
A Guide to Best Practice in Online Learning in Medical Education: A Middle East Qualitative Reflective Analysis
Authors: Wasfy Nourhan F. , Abouzeid Enjy , Nasser Asmaa Abdel , Ahmed Samar A. , Youssry Ilham , Hegazy Nagwa N. , Shehata Mohamed Hany , Kamal Doaa , Atwa Hani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: With the strike of Covid-19, an unprecedented rapid shift to remote learning happened worldwide with a paradigm shift to online learning from an institutional adjuvant luxury package and learner choice into a forced solo choice. This sheds the light onto quality assurance. While some groups have already established standards for online courses, teaching and programs yet very little information is included on methodology of their development and very little emphasis is placed on the online learning experience. Nevertheless, no work has been done specifically for medical education institutions.To develop a set of descriptors for best practice in online learning in medical education utilizing existing expertise and needs.Methods: This work utilizes a qualitative multistage approach to identify the descriptors of best practice in online learning starting with a question guided focus group, thematic analysis, Delphi technique and an expert consensus session done simultaneously for triangulationResults: This materialized into the development of a set of standards, indicators, and development of a checklist for each standard area. The standard areas identified were organizational capacity, educational effectiveness, and human resources each of which listed a number of standards. Expert consensus sessions identified the need for qualification of data and thus the development of indicators for best practice.Conclusion: Standards are needed for online learning experience and their development and redesign is situational and needs to be enhanced methodologically in axes that are pertaining to the needs of the education community. Taking such axes into consideration by educators and institutions will lead to planning and implementing successful online learning activities, while taking them into consideration by the evaluators will help them conduct comprehensive audits and provide stakeholders with highly informative evaluation reports.
Benzo[ghi]perylene Induces Morphological and Genotoxic Effects in Human Bronchial Cells Independently of The AhR Pathway
Authors: Castro-Gálvez Zelmy , Zaragoza-Ojeda Montserrat , Hernández-Hernández Abrahan , Arenas-Huertero Francisco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are organic compounds found in the contaminated atmosphere of Mexico City, where the PAH present with highest concentration is benzo[ghi]perylene [B[ghi]p]. We recently demonstrated that double-stranded breaks in DNA appear after 3h of exposure, whereas cellular changes and activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway occur after 48h in bronchial cells under exposure to B[ghi]p, these findings have led us to explore if the AHR pathway participates in morphological changes and genotoxic effects due to B[ghi]p in human NL-20 bronchial cells. Cells of the NL-20 human bronchial line were exposed to B[ghi]p in the presence, or absence, of the AHR receptor antagonist, CH-223191. Cell viability was quantified by the MTT assay, which revealed 76 and 66% at 6h and 24h, respectively (p<0.001), regardless of the presence of CH-223191. RT-qPCR showed an increase in the expression of the AHR and CYP1A1 cytochrome genes only after 24h of exposure, and the expression was inhibited by CH-223191. Genotoxicity assays revealed the presence of comets, nuclear buds (NB) and DNA fragmentation in cells exposed to B[ghi]p after 6h and in cells exposed to B[ghi]p plus CH-223191 at 24h. These results verify that B[ghi]p induces morphological and genotoxic effects, and these effects are independent of the AHR pathway.
Postoperative evaluation of the uterus after hysteroscopic versus Laparoscopic myomectomy of type 1 and type 2 submucous myomas
Authors: said Tamer hanafy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMyomectomy of submucous fibroids is usually performed using hysteroscopic approach. The reproductive performance of women after removal of submucous myomas is much better in type 0 more than type 1 and 2. This conflict result might be due to harmful effect of hysteroscopy on the endometrium and inadequate healing. The objective of the cohort study was to evaluate the uterus after myomectomy using 2 surgical approaches. Both hysteroscopic and laparoscopic myomectomy were used.Methods: A total of 74 patients with submucous fibroids were recruited and were randomly divided equally into 2 groups. Group (1) included those in whom laparoscopic myomectomy was done while in group (2) the hysteroscopic myomectomy was used. The hysteroscopic myomectomy was done using the standard techniques using the resectoscope with wire loop. The laparoscopic method was also done using the standard techniques. Results: The duration of surgery was longer in group one and significant decrease in hemoglobin level in group one. Postoperative hysteroscopic evaluation of the uterus showed better endometrial thickness, interface and normal myometrium denoting normal uterine cavity in group (one) when compared with group (two). The complication rate was comparable in both groups.Conclusion: Surgical treatment of type 1 and 2 submucous fibroid is feasible by both hysteroscopic and laparoscopic approaches. The laparoscopic approach had better postoperative endometrium and myometrium, fewer days of postoperative uterine bleeding and better functioning endometrium.