bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear-wave travel times from SS
Authors: Butler Rhett 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The seismic shear phase SS is considered as a tool in the reconnaissance of the Earth. The Hibert transform is empirically verified as a reasonable mimic of the distortion incurred at the internal caustic in the propagation of SS. Travel times are obtained by a waveform correlation technique for 26 well-recorded SHSH waves from the 1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake. Significant variation is found in the travel-time residuals for paths reflected under the Canadian shield. A correlation of the variation with tectonic sub-province is suggested. The data are sufficiently precise to indicate lateral heterogeneity of several percent in the upper mantle velocities within the Canadian shield.
An amplitude constrained P-wave velocity profile for the upper mantle beneath the Eastern United States
Authors: McMechan George A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A P-wave velocity profile for the upper mantle at depths between 200 and 800 km beneath Eastern United States has been constructed from a combination of data from natural and artificial sources. Data for this part of the upper mantle are scarce, particularly beyond 20° epicentral distance, because of the sparse distribution of relevant sources and stations. Nevertheless, this study is the first to use amplitude constraints in a model determination for this region, and the model that has been chosen can account for the main observed amplitude features as well as travel times. The resulting velocity profile is similar to those previously determined for the regions to the north and west, but has a broadening of velocity transitions relative to those in the western United States. Evidence is found for the existence of lateral velocity inhomogeneity within the mantle.
Meteorological noise in wire strainmeter data from Parkfield, California
Authors: Goulty N. R. , Davis P. M. , Gilman R. , Motta N. 
Published: September 2021

abstractFour invar-wire strainmeters have been operated in shallow trench sites for 19 months beside the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield, California. Temperature and rainfall records were correlated with 1 yr of strainmeter data, and 90 per cent of the strain signal power at periods between 2 and 120 days was predicted entirely from these records, using a multi-channel, Wiener filtering technique. The residual strain series fluctuates with a peak-to-peak amplitude of nearly 10−6 strain. Anomalous strain signals taking place over several days would have to be larger than this to be identifiable. Previous work shows that signals of amplitude 10−7 strain are identifiable if they take place within hours. Deep creep events giving rise to such signals, which may occur as precursors to earthquakes, would need to be very large.Other workers have shown that shallow, short-base line tiltmeters in California are also very sensitive to meteorological noise. Strainmeter and tiltmeter installations can be made less sensitive to meteorological noise, either by manufacturing instruments with long (∼1 km) base lines, or by using tunnel or borehole sites (≳100 m deep). Proven instruments of these types are costly, unless an underground site was already available. However, if networks of shallow, shortbase line strainmeters or tiltmeters are to be used for earthquake prediction, it is obviously desirable to invest in at least a few installations which are less sensitive to noise of meteorological origin.
Horizontal particle velocity and its relation to magnitude in the Western United States
Authors: Espinosa A. F. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A magnitude (ML) scaling law has been derived from the strong-motion data base of the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971, and the results have been compared with other strong-motion recordings obtained from 62 earthquakes in the Western United States. The relationship derived is ML = 3.21 + 1.35 log10Δ + log10v. An excellent agreement was obtained between the determined ML values in this study and those evaluated by Kanamori and Jennings (1978). This scaling law is applicable to the collected data from 63 earthquakes whose local magnitudes range from about 4.0 to 7.2, recorded at epicentral distances between about 5 to 300 km, and with short-period seismic waves in the range of 0.2 to 3.0 sec. The Long Beach earthquake of 1933, with an ML = 6.3 (PAS) and an ML = 6.43 ± 0.36 as determined by Kanamori and Jennings is in agreement with an ML = 6.49 ± 0.32 obtained in this study. The Imperial Valley earthquake of 1940, with an ML = 6.5 (PAS), compares well with an ML = 6.5 as determined in this study. The Kern County earthquake of 1952, with an ML = 7.2 (BRK), is in fairly good agreement with the ML = 7.0 ± 0.2 obtained in this investigation. This value is significantly lower than the commonly quoted 7.7 value for this event. The San Francisco earthquake of 1957, with an ML = 5.3 (BRK), agrees very well with an ML = 5.3 ± 0.1 as determined in this study. The Parkfield earthquake of 1966 has an ML = 5.8 ± 0.3, which is consistent with the 5.6 (PAS). The procedure developed here is applied to the data base obtained from the Western United States strong-motion recordings. The procedure allows the evaluation of ML for moderate and larger earthquakes from the first integration of the strong-motion accelerograms and allows the direct determination of ML from the scaled amplitudes in a rapid, economical, and accurate manner. It also has allowed for the extension of the trend of the attenuation curve for horizontal particle velocities at distances less than 5 km for different size events.
Surveillance analysis and microbiological profiles of nosocomial infections in a palliative care center
Authors: AKDOĞAN Doğan 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The growing geriatric population and increasing prevalence rates of chronic diseases increase the need for palliative care globally. Despite the wide availability of palliative care units in several countries, they have been founded in our country recently. This study aimed to contribute to the development of appropriate treatment protocols by determining the causes of hospitalizations, comorbidities, infection rates, and causative microorganisms in a palliative care center.
Material and Method: A total of 457 patients admitted to palliative care were evaluated. Blood cultures were taken from the patients suspected to have developed nosocomial infections. Samples for cultures were taken from the foci that were thought to be the origin of infection. Identification of isolates was performed using automated systems and standard manual methods. The numbers of patients and patient days, and the numbers and rates of nosocomial infections were retrieved from the infection control unit data records and were analyzed. The rates and incidences of nosocomial infections in our hospital and the palliative care unit were calculated.
Results: Of the patients, 51% were men and 49% were women. The mean age was 72±12.6 years. Nosocomial infection rates were 6.3% in 2019, 9.1% in 2020, and 3.3% in the first six months of 2021. Urinary system infections ranked first with a rate of 58.6%. The most common cause of hospital admissions was malignancy with a rate of 25.9%. The most commonly isolated microorganism was Klebsiella spp with a rate of 27.5%.
Conclusion: Palliative care is a multidisciplinary practice requiring strong coordination and collaboration. Palliative care aims to improve symptoms and the quality of life of patients. Our study has contributed to developing practical solutions by documenting prognostic factors, infections, causative microorganisms, and issues experienced in palliative care patients.
Pandangan dan Dukungan Masyarakat Terhadap Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Perempuan (Studi Kasus: Desa Taras Padang Kecamatan Labuan Amas Selatan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai)
Authors: Nurhafizah Siti , Akhyar Zainul , Suroto Suroto 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the views and support of the society on women's leadership as village heads in Taras Padang Village. This study used qualitative research. Data sources were selected by purposive sampling with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The data found were analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of this study indicated that: 1) the society's view of the leadership of women as Village Head in Taras Padang Village is influenced by historical factors of the fusion of village areas, primordial bonds, leadership styles and village development situations. 2) The society's support for the leadership of women as Village Heads in Taras Padang Village is influenced by gender, public interest and communication factors
Chemostratigraphy of Cumberland Group (Pennsylvanian) strata influenced by salt tectonics, Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site, eastern Canada
Authors: Bahr Fadel , Keighley Dave 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the western Cumberland Basin has been influenced by salt tectonics, specifically the formation of the Minudie Anticline, a salt wall. South of the Minudie Anticline, along the shoreline of the Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site, the post–Boss Point Formation succession comprises an ∼ 3 km succession of strata assigned to the Little River, Joggins, Springhill Mines, and Ragged Reef formations. North of the Minudie anticline, the Grande Anse Formation lies in angular unconformity on the Boss Point and basal Little River formations. Biostratigraphic studies have not been able to discern whether the Grande Anse Formation is equivalent to all, or just one, of the Joggins to Ragged Reef units south of the salt wall (the Minudie Anticline).
To further investigate the relationship of the Grande Anse Formation with the units along the Joggins shoreline, forty sandstone samples from the post–Boss Point Fm strata were selected for a chemostratigraphic study, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine major-element compositions. Transformed ICP-MS data, subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc tests, show that there is no significant difference between Grande Anse and Ragged Reef formations in the mean values of almost all analyzed elements. In contrast, there are significant differences when comparing these two units and the older Little River, Joggins, and Springhill Mines formations in the case of elements usually encountered in detrital mineral phases (Si, Al, Ti, Na, and Fe). Sandstones of the Grande Anse and Ragged Reef formations show greater compositional maturity than the Little River, Joggins, and Springhill Mines formations. This trend is explained by a gradual overall change in paleoclimate from semiarid conditions during deposition of the Little River Formation to humid conditions during deposition of the Grande Anse and Ragged Reef formations, causing greater chemical weathering of the sediment. These findings indicate that &gt; 2 km of sediment (Little River, Joggins, and Springhill Mines formations) accumulated south of the salt wall during the major episode of salt diapirism, followed by erosion of any topographic high associated with the salt wall, and accumulation of a further &gt; 500 m of sediment (the laterally equivalent Ragged Reef and Grand Anse formations), all within a timespan of only ∼ 2 Myr.
Numerical study of heat and mass transfer of a wall containing micro-encapsulated phase change concrete (PCC)
Authors: lajimi Nour , Boukadida Noureddine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the one-dimensional heat and mass transfer through a ceiling wall containing micro-encapsulated PCC (phase change concrete) under realistic climatic conditions based on meteorological data in Tunisia based on software EnergyPlus. This work deals with a numerical study based on the nodal method to predict the effect of integration of a layer of PCC on the thermal, mass behavior and on the thermal sensation of the occupant as well as on the reduction of the energy consumption for the summer and winter period associated with the composite envelope building.
Drivers of respiratory healthcare demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Morello Thiago , Lima Aldo Santos , Silva Rubicleis Gomes 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
1.1 BackgroundThe scant knowledge on drivers of demand for respiratory healthcare in Brazilian Amazon, where the gap of human and physical healthcare resources is wide, is expanded with two surveys conducted at the west of the region in Acre state. Potential drivers, informed by a review of twelve recent papers, were classified in seven categories comprising the individual, household, community and macroeconomic dimensions.1.2 MethodsOn-field quantitative structured surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2019 based in coupled conglomerate-quota-randomization sampling, with support of community health agents. Adults responded about their own or their children’s health. Whether physician care was sought to treat the latest episode of respiratory illnesses or of dry cough was analysed statistically with multiple non-linear regressions having as covariates the potential predictors informed by literature.1.3 ResultsThe propensity to seek healthcare and to purchase medication was larger when targeting children rather than adults. Influenza was the most frequent cause of latest episodes of respiratory illnesses and dry cough, what makes the below-40% healthcare seeking rate worrying as it may sustain a considerable local contagion rate. Illnesses’ severity, including the pain experienced, were the main predictors, revealing that subjective perception exerted stronger influence than objective individual’s and households’ characteristics. The insignificance of education indicated that it was not the sole determinant of health literacy, the latter a more important driver, according to literature. Income was insignificant due to respondents relying almost uniquely on free healthcare offered by the Brazilian Health System.1.4 ConclusionsResults suggest that subjective underestimation of respiratory illnesses’ consequences for oneself and for local society could motivate a refusal to seek treatment. This is in line with some previous studies but departs from those overemphasizing the role of objective factors. Social consequences, of, for instance, macroeconomic nature, needs highlighting, based on studies detecting a long-run relationship between healthcare demand, health and economic performance at national level. Microeconomic behavioural policy is needed to change subjective perceptions of symptoms and illnesses with nudges and educational interventions.
A Study from a Country with High Number Population: Risk Factors Associated with Low Back Pain among Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Sinaga Tashya Anggraeni , Makkiyah Feda Anisah , Khairunnisa Namira 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low back pain is a global health problem that affects the productivity of the patients. Several factors such as individual, occupational, and psychosocial factors increase the risk of low back pain. However, only a few studies investigated those factors, especially in middle adulthood in Indonesia.AIM: This study was conducted to find out the factors associated with low back pain in middle adulthood. METHODS: This study is a cross sectional- observational analytic study using a convenience sampling method with a total sample of 3005 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was then analyzed using the Chi-square test, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Spearman’s Rank, and logistic regression test. RESULTS: From the result of this study, it was found that the 12-month prevalence of low back pain in middle-aged adults was 44,29%. Female (p-value=0,002; OR=1,3; 95% Cl=1,098–1,545), lack of physical exercises (p-value= 0,005; OR=0,87; 95% Cl=0,794–0,959), high body mass index (p-value=0,002; OR=1,09; 95% Cl= 1,009–1,187), stress level (p-value=0,002; OR=1,26; 95% Cl=1,088–1,458), and working time (p-value=0,047; OR=1,1; 95% Cl= 1,001–1,225) were determined as risk factors that significantly associated with low back pain.CONCLUSION: Middle-aged adults in Indonesia have a quite high prevalence of LBP. The possible risk factors associated with LBP among middle-aged adults were female gender, higher body mass index, lack of physical exercise, stress level and working time. Middle-aged adults in Indonesia should be aware of LBP by identifying risk factors that might potentially worsen LBP in the future and avoid disabilities.
Profit Distribution and Stability Analysis of Joint Distribution Alliance Based on Tripartite Evolutionary Game Theory Under the Background of Green and Low-Carbon
Authors: Han Renbin , Yang Mengke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Joint distribution is an advanced logistics organization model for improving the quality and efficiency of express logistics industry and achieve high-quality development of logistics, but the distribution of common profit has always been a key obstacle to the effective development of joint distribution. Based on the background of green and low-carbon, this paper explores a fairer and more reasonable profit distribution scheme. The profit game between the government and the two types of member enterprises is analyzed. By focusing on how the government plays a role in inducing the joint distribution alliance to bring the green and low-carbon requirements into the profit distribution, the strategy evolution process of the three parties, the factors affecting the profit distribution and the stability of alliance are discussed through the establishment of "government-member enterprise A-member enterprise B" tripartite evolutionary game model. Finally, the evolutionary game model is numerically simulated based on system dynamics. It is found that: (1) It is necessary for the government to guide and motivate the alliance to create internal incentives and constraints. The effect of government subsidies and rewards to member enterprises is greater than the penalties for member enterprises. (2) The member enterprises are likely to conspire together to defraud government subsidies and rewards, carry out "free riding" and other speculative activities, which makes it necessary for the government and the alliance to establish supervision mechanism, information disclosure mechanism, and property rights protection system. (3) The willingness of member enterprise to positively cooperate will increase with the increase of the additional benefit coefficient, the proportion of profit distribution and the importance of environmental benefit factor; and will decrease with the increase of the cost of promoting green distribution operations.
Evaluating the Corresponding Relationship Between the Characteristics of Resource Utilization and the Level of Urbanization：A Case Study in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, China.
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Zhuolu , Chen Yuan , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is an important center for promoting economic growth in the western region. Clarifying the driving force and restrictive factors of the urbanization development in Chengdu-Chongqing area is conducive to the further development of the region. First, this study uses piecewise linear regression to determine the characteristics of resource consumption. Then use Moran index to test the spatial agglomeration relationship. Finally, combining the characteristics of resource utilization and spatial agglomeration effects in Chengdu-Chongqing area, 143 cities are classified. The results show that: (1) The Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle as a whole presents the characteristics of high resource utilization pressure and abundant resource content. (2) In areas with obvious agglomeration effects, most cities have less pressure on natural resources, lower resource levels, less investment in environmental protection, and higher levels of urbanization. (3) The pressure on the use of natural resources and the expropriation of environmental protection measures are matched with each other in areas with significant concentration. (4) With the development of cities, the characteristics of resource utilization in various regions will tend to be unified. Researching and exploring the characteristics of resource utilization in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle will help the government to formulate relevant policies to ensure the coordinated development of regional ecology and the city.
Effect of N (N=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce) Loaded on Blast Furnace Slag in Low-temperature NH3-SCR
Authors: Lei Zhang , Shu Hao , Yusu Wang , Yang Jia , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using low-value solid waste blast furnace slag as a catalyst carrier, the active component N (N = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ce) was loaded by impregnation method to study its effect on the denitration and sulfur resistance of the Mn-based blast furnace slag catalyst. BET, XRD, XPS, SEM and FT-IR characterization methods were used to analyze the denitration mechanism. The results show that: (1) Mn-Ce/GGBS catalyst has better denitration and sulfur resistance; (2) Mn-Ce/GGBS catalyst has a significant denitration effect when load ratio is 2:1; (3) The catalyst can reduce the poisoning and deactivation of S and prolong the catalyst service life; (4) MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3, CeO2 and Ce2O3 play an important role; (5) The larger the ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+, Ce4+/Ce3+, Oα/Oβ, the stronger the catalyst activity and the better denitration effect, and the introduction of SO2 will increase the acid sites on the catalyst surface and increase the catalyst activity.
A New Model for the Prediction of Preeclampsia in Twin Pregnancy：a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Han Qing , Zheng Shuisen , Chen Rongxin , Zhang Huale , Yan Jianying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To develop an effective nomogram model with which to predict the risk of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies. Material and Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study of women pregnant with twins who attended antenatal care and labored between January 2015 and December 2020 at the Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, China. We extracted Maternal demographic data and clinical characteristics. Then we performed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression combined with clinical significance to screen variables. Thereafter, multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a nomogram that predicted the risk of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies. Finally, the nomogram was validated using C-statistics (C-index) and calibration curves.Results: A total of 2 469 women with twin pregnancies were included, of whom 325 (13.16%) women had preeclampsia. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that serum creatinine, uric acid, mean platelet volume, high density lipoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, primiparity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and regular prenatal were independently associated with preeclampsia in twin pregnancies. The constructed predictive model exhibited a good discrimination and predictive ability for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies (concordance index 0.821).Conclusion: The model for the prediction of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies has high accuracy and specificity. It can be used to assess the risk of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies.