bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma with cardiac involvement accompanied by partial superior vena cava obstruction: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Shuzhen , Zhao Ruohan , Tan Kunyue , Liu Chunxia , Zhang Lijuan , Xu Min , Xiong Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a malignant proliferative disorder of plasma cells. Extramedullary involvement of the endocardium is rare in multiple myeloma. Here, we reported a 57‐year‐old male, once was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The echocardiography reveled multiple solid masses in the right atrium, along with partial obstruction of superior vena cava. The mass resection alleviated the edema of upper limbs and identified the mass as extramedullary plasmablastic transformation and endocardial involvement. We also conducted a literature review and summary analysis of space‐occupying lesions in the heart in 12 patients with multiple myeloma (including the current case) in the last 10 years. Echocardiography is the preferred radiologic examination method for diagnosis and follow‐up in multiple myeloma with cardiac involvement, and surgical resection is effective for alleviating symptoms.
Association between elevated left ventricular mass index and increased cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A sub‐analysis of the HIJ‐PROPER study
Authors: Sone Maiko , Saito Chihiro , Arashi Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Junichi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the association between left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) under standard ACS management.Methods and resultsThis study is the sub‐analysis of the HIJ‐PROPER study. A total of 299 patients who had echocardiographic LVMI data were included in the current analysis. The participants were divided into four groups according to the LVMI quartile [quartile 1 (Q1), 77 (25.8%); quartile 2 (Q2), 73 (24.4%); quartile 3 (Q3), 74 (24.7%); and quartile 4 (Q4), 75 (25.1%)]. The incidence of cardiovascular events was compared among the four groups. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite endpoint of all‐cause death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure. Mean LVMI in the four groups was 68.1±8.6, 86.2±3.8, 101.1±4.9, and 126.0±18.5 g/m2, respectively. The primary endpoint was noted in 4, 4, 7, and 14 patients in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, corresponding to an incidence of 5.2%, 5.5%, 9.5%, and 18.7%, respectively (p = 0.03 for difference among four groups). The cumulative incidence of the primary endpoint was significantly higher in patients in Q4 than in those in Q1 and Q2 [hazard ratio (HR) 3.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–11.4; p = 0.02 for Q4 vs Q1; HR 3.43; 95% CI, 1.13–10.4; p = 0.03 for Q4 vs Q2]. This tendency was noted even after adjusting for patient characteristics and echocardiography parameters (p = 0.039 for Q4 vs Q1).ConclusionElevated LVMI was associated with increased cardiovascular events in patients with ACS under standard management. Adequately powered studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Seizing balance and success during your PhD experience
Authors: Rodrigues Rui S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDoing a PhD is a long, yet rewarding, expedition. Amid that journey, several decisions must be made to position yourself and stand out within a tough system as well as to align your personal goals and interests with those of supervisors, teams, and institutions. Many challenges will arise throughout that PhD journey and a degree of uneasiness and uncertainty will sometimes linger. In this opinion article, I put forth a personal and honest view of how to seize balance and success during your PhD experience. I reflect on issues such as failure, planning, work‐life balance, and personal drive. All in all, I highlight difficulties shared among all PhD students while discussing personalized strategies and coping mechanisms to deal with adversity. Taken together, this is a timely piece that aims to raise awareness about the problems affecting most PhD students and, in parallel, to inspire and empower fellow PhD students. Notably, this is also a call to the research community to be sensitive to these struggles and to foster practices that enable PhD students to live to their full potential.
Brain network excitatory/inhibitory imbalance is a biomarker for drug‐naive Rolandic epilepsy: A radiomics strategy
Authors: Dai Xi‐Jian , Liu Heng , Yang Yang , Wang Yongjun , Wan Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveSeizure occurs when the balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) inputs to neurons is perturbed, resulting in abnormal electrical activity. This study investigated whether an existing E/I imbalance in neural networks is a useful diagnostic biomarker for Rolandic epilepsy by a resting‐state dynamic causal modeling‐based support vector machine (rs‐DCM‐SVM) algorithm.MethodsThis multicenter study enrolled a discovery cohort (76 children with Rolandic epilepsy and 76 normal controls [NCs]) and a replication cohort (59 children with Rolandic epilepsy and 60 NCs). Spatial independent component analysis was used to seven canonical neural networks, and a total of 25 regions of interest were selected from these networks. The rs‐DCM‐SVM classifier was used for individual classification, consensus feature selection, and feature ranking.ResultsThe rs‐DCM‐SVM classifier showed that the E/I imbalance in brain networks is a useful neuroimaging biomarker for Rolandic epilepsy, with an accuracy of 88.2% and 81.5% and an area under curve of .92 and .83 in the discovery and the replication cohorts, respectively. Consensus brain regions with the highest contributions to the classification were located within the epilepsy‐related networks, indicating that this classifier was suitable. Consensus functional connection pairs with the highest contributions to the classification were associated with an excitation network loop and an inhibition network loop. The excitation loop mediated the integration of advanced cognitive networks (subcortex, dorsal attention, default mode, executive control, and salience networks), whereas the inhibition loop was involved in the segregation of sensorimotor and language networks. The two loops showed functional segregation.SignificanceBrain E/I imbalance has potential to serve as a biomarker for individual classification in children with Rolandic epilepsy, and might be an important mechanism for causing seizures and cognitive impairment in children with Rolandic epilepsy.
Antiseizure effects of Anacyclus pyrethrum in socially isolated rats with and without a positive handling strategy
Authors: Manouze Houria , Ghestem Antoine , Bennis Mohamed , Sokar Zahra , Benoliel Jean‐Jacques , Becker Chrystel , Ba‐M'hamed Saadia , Bernard Christophe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAqueous extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (AEAPR) is used in traditional medicine to treat epilepsy, but whether it has antiseizure properties has not been established. Because extracts of the plant have antioxidant properties, we hypothesized that it may be particularly potent in conditions associated with oxidative stress, in particular social isolation.MethodsWe addressed these objectives in the pilocarpine experimental model of epilepsy using socially isolated rats maintaining contacts with (handled) and without (unhandled) positive handling strategy. Both groups were further divided into treated (AEAPR was added to the drinking water) and untreated groups. Continuous (24/7) electroencephalography (EEG) recordings started in the sixth week after status epilepticus (SE) with a predrug control period of 3 weeks, followed by 3 weeks of daily treatment with AEAPR or water, and finally a postdrug control period of 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental procedure, we measured lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase activities in the hippocampus to assess oxidative stress.ResultsA. pyrethrum treatment significantly reduced seizure frequency by 51% and 57%, duration by 30% and 33%, and severity by 31% and 26% in isolated handled and unhandled rats, respectively. The beneficial effects on seizures were still present 3 weeks after the end of the treatment. The treatment reduced lipid peroxidation as well as SOD, GPx, and catalase activities.SignificanceWe conclude that A. pyrethrum has antiseizure and antioxidant properties, even in social isolation conditions.
The effect of mobilization protocol on mobilization start time and patient care outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery
Authors: Koyuncu Fadime , Iyigun Emine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of mobilization protocol on mobilization start time, maintenance of mobilization and patient care outcomes in patients who underwent major abdominal open surgery.BackgroundEarly mobilization in the first 24 hours postoperatively is recommended. Early mobilization is one of the evidence‐based, effective nursing interventions that improve patient care outcomes.DesignA quasi‐experimental non‐randomised design was used in the study.MethodsIn the study, the groups were followed sequentially and the data of the control group (n = 21) were collected before the intervention group (n = 21). The patients in the control group were mobilised postoperatively by the nurses according to the decision of the nurse and physician in the intensive care unit (ICU) on the day of the operation. There was no standard protocol for mobilization in the ICU. Mobilization training was given to the patients in the intervention group by the researcher nurse the evening before the operation, and a mobilization protocol was applied on the 0th postoperative day. Data on patient care outcomes were collected until the day when the patient was discharged from the hospital. The TREND checklist was followed.ResultsAccording to the postoperative comparison of the patients in the intervention group to those in the control group, patients in the intervention group started mobilization earlier after admission in intensive care unit (6.22 ± 1.95 hours versus 12.21 ± 3.76 hours), had higher postoperative 0th‐day total mobilization time (128 minutes versus 34 minutes), had a shorter passage of flatus time and length of intensive care unit and hospital stay and had higher sleep quality and satisfaction scores.ConclusionsThe structured mobilization protocol is effective in the management of early mobilization and improvement of patient care outcomes.Relevance to clinical practicemobilization protocols ensure that the mobilization process is maintained effectively.
Leverage Regulation and Market Structure: A Structural Model of the U.K. Mortgage Market
Authors: BENETTON MATTEO 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTI develop a structural model of mortgage demand and lender competition to study how leverage regulation affects the U.K. mortgage market. Using variation in risk‐weighted capital requirements across lenders and mortgages with different loan‐to‐values (LTVs), I show that a 1‐percentage‐point increase in risk‐weighted capital requirements increases lenders' marginal cost of originating mortgages by about 26 basis points (11%) on average. I use the estimated model to study proposed leverage regulations. Counterfactual analyses show that large lenders exploit a regulatory cost advantage, which increases concentration by about 20%, and suggest that banning high‐LTV mortgages may reduce large lenders' equity buffer.
Strength and Surface Properties of a 3D‐Printed Denture Base Polymer
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Abualsaud Reem , Alshahrani Faris A. , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. , Khan Soban Q. , Akhtar Sultan , Ateeq Ijlal Shahrukh , Helal Mohamed A. , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThis in vitro study evaluated the flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and surface roughness of 3D‐printed denture base resin subjected to thermal cycling treatment.Materials and MethodsAccording to ISO 20795‐1:2013 standards, 120 acrylic resin specimens (40/flexural strength test, 40/impact strength, and 40/surface roughness and hardness test, n = 10) were fabricated and distributed into two groups: heat‐polymerized; (Major.Base.20) as control and 3D‐printed (NextDent) as experimental group. Half of the specimens of each group were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles of 5 to 55°C simulating 1 year of clinical use. Flexural strength (MPa), impact strength (KJ/m2), hardness (VHN), and surface roughness (μm) were measured using universal testing machine, Charpy's impact tester, Vickers hardness tester, and profilometer, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe values of flexural strength (MPa) were 86.63 ± 1.0 and 69.15 ± 0.88; impact strength (KJ/m2)—6.32 ± 0.50 and 2.44 ± 0.31; hardness (VHN)—41.63 ± 2.03 and 34.62 ± 2.1; and surface roughness (μm)—0.18 ± 0.01 and 0.12 ± 0.02 for heat‐polymerized and 3D‐printed denture base materials, respectively. Significant differences in all tested properties were recorded between heat‐polymerized and 3D‐printed denture base materials (P < 0.001). Thermal cycling significantly lowered the flexural strength (63.93 ± 1.54 MPa), impact strength (2.40 ± 0.35 KJ/m2), and hardness (30.17 ± 1.38 VHN) of 3D‐printed resin in comparison to thermal cycled heat‐polymerized resin, but surface roughness showed non‐significant difference (p = 0.262).Conclusion3D‐printed resin had inferior flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness values than heat‐polymerized resin, but showed superior surface roughness. Temperature changes (thermal cycling) significantly reduced the hardness and flexural strength and increased surface roughness, but did not affect the impact strength.
Breeding a series of new rice restorer lines with blast resistance and low‐to‐intermediate apparent amylose contents by integrating marker‐assisted and phenotypic selection
Authors: Qin Peng , Jiang Nan , Hu Xiaochun , Zhu Yuxuan , Deng Zhao , Bai Zhenan , Fu Jun , Zhang Xuanwen , Wang Kai , Chen Sheyuan , Yang Yuanzhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHybrid rice, as one of the most successful crops exploiting heterosis, has greatly contributed to global food security. Due to its high‐yield potential, approximately half of the rice‐growing area in China is planted with hybrid rice varieties. However, the extreme vulnerability of hybrid rice to various diseases and poor grain quality pose great challenges to rice breeders. Here, we report the development of five new restorer lines pyramiding the broad‐spectrum blast resistance gene Pigm and low/intermediate amylose content‐associated gene Wxb by marker‐assisted and phenotypic selection. All these new restorer lines showed enhanced blast resistance in the disease nursery compared with the original restorer lines and had low‐to‐intermediate apparent amylose contents, ranging from 11.3% to 14.2%. Genetic background analysis based on next‐generation sequencing indicated that the proportion of Gumei 4 (donor of Pigm) genome in the five new restorer lines ranged from 9.89% to 21.69%. Eight of their derived hybrid combinations, which exhibited better grain quality and higher levels of blast resistance, have been certificated for commercial release in different ecological regions of China. Among them, Jing‐Liang‐You 3189, Yue‐Liang‐You 3189, Jing‐Liang‐You 1074 and Long‐Liang‐You 3188 meet the national standards for superior‐quality rice in China. These results confirmed the success of developing elite restorer lines through marker‐assisted and phenotypic selection, and these new restorer lines have great potential in developing more elite hybrid rice combinations.
How does emersion time affect embryos of coastal marine invertebrate species? Biochemical responses of three porcelain crabs from the Southeastern Pacific
Authors: Viña‐Trillos Natalia , Guzmán‐Rivas Fabián , Urzúa Ángel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPorcelain crabs that inhabit contrasting environments along the Southeastern Pacific coast have developed physiological adaptive responses to the harsh environmental conditions. However, it is not yet known if these responses are already present in early life stages, in embryos, for example, which are more vulnerable to environmental fluctuations than adults. In this study, we subjected ovigerous female crabs of three crab species (Allopetrolisthes punctatus,Petrolisthes laevigatus, andPetrolisthes violaceus) to different periods of emersion (0, 1, 3, and 5 hr) to measure the weight and biochemical parameters (i.e., glucose and lactate) in their embryos after a period of stress induction through emersion. The results indicate that after five hours of emersion,P. laevigatus' embryos had the highest dry weight. This same trend was observed in the embryos ofP. violaceus.Allopetrolisthes punctatus' embryos had the lowest weight. The embryos' glucose content inP. laevigatusandP. violaceuswas consumed during the emersion time, while in embryos ofA. punctatusit remained relatively constant. The highest glucose content was reported inP. laevigatus, followed byP. violaceusandA. punctatus. The lactate content showed an opposite trend and was gradually accumulated with increasing emersion time.Petrolisthes laevigatushad the highest lactate content. This study reveals that the early ontogeny of these porcelain crabs is well adapted to long periods of emersion, showing biochemical adaptive responses linked to aerobic metabolism. These adaptations could reflect a distinctive physiological trait, explaining why porcelain crabs are able to survive in contrasting conditions.
Responses of pea plants to multiple antagonists are mediated by order of attack and phytohormone crosstalk
Authors: Basu Saumik , Clark Robert E. , Bera Sayanta , Casteel Clare L. , Crowder David W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlants are often attacked by multiple antagonists and traits of the attacking organisms and their order of arrival onto hosts may affect plant defences. However, few studies have assessed how multiple antagonists, and varying attack order, affect plant defence or nutrition. To address this, we assessed defensive and nutritional responses of Pisum sativum plants after attack by a vector herbivore (Acrythosiphon pisum), a nonvector herbivore (Sitona lineatus), and a pathogen (Pea enation mosaic virus, PEMV). We show viruliferous A. pisum induced several antipathogen plant defence signals, but these defences were inhibited by S. lineatus feeding on peas infected with PEMV. In contrast, S. lineatus feeding induced antiherbivore defence signals, and these plant defences were enhanced by PEMV. Sitona lineatus also increased abundance of plant amino acids, but only when they attacked after viruliferous A. pisum. Our results suggest that diverse communities of biotic antagonists alter defence and nutritional traits of plants through complex pathways that depend on the identity of attackers and their order of arrival onto hosts. Moreover, we show interactions among a group of biotic stressors can vary along a spectrum from antagonism to enhancement/synergism based on the identity and order of attackers, and these interactions are mediated by a multitude of phytohormone pathways.
Disagreement unhinged, constitutivism style
Authors: Coliva Annalisa , Palmira Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHinge epistemology has to dispel the worry that disagreeing over hinges is rationally inert. Building on a companion piece (Coliva and Palmira 2020), this paper offers a constitutivist solution to the problem of rational inertia by maintaining that a Humean sceptic and a hinge epistemologist disagree over the correct explication of the concept of epistemic rationality. The paper explores the implications of such a solution. First, it clarifies in what sense a disagreement over hinges would be a conceptual disagreement. Secondly, it uses considerations about the (alleged) rational inertia of hinge disagreement to offer a test whereby to demarcate genuine hinges from merely entrenched beliefs. Thirdly, it offers a response to the challenge of explaining why we have reason to engage in the epistemic practices that hinges are constitutive of in the first place. Fourthly, it argues that the constitutivist approach to hinge disagreement does not result in a relativist view.
Hue discrimination in jewellery appraisers exceeds normal performance
Authors: Lovell Julie A , Rabin Jeff C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe FM‐100 Hue test is used for vocational purposes where hue discrimination is of the upmost importance, such as in jewellery appraisals where small errors in hue discrimination can lead to significant differences in gemstone valuation. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cone contrast test (CCT) could predict performance on the FM‐100 Hue, providing a potential alternative test for screening of jewellery appraisers.MethodsMembers of the National Association of Jewelry Appraisers (NAJA; n = 18, ages 34 to 76 years) requiring colour vision certification with the FM‐100 Hue were invited to participate in a study to assess performance on the Ishihara test, FM‐100 Hue, Lanthony Desaturated D‐15 and the CCT. The FM‐100 Hue test was administered to award or renew NAJA certification, while the CCT was included as a possible alternative certification test.ResultsAverage CCT M and S cone scores were predictive of FM‐100 Hue total error score (TES: F1,16 = 7.77, p < 0.02; r2 = 0.33). The regression equation indicates that a CCT score of <60 is 3SD below the mean TES in our cohort of jewellery appraisers. Seventeen of 18 jewellery appraisers had FM‐100 Hue TES scores significantly below the lower limit for age‐matched normal values, indicating exceptional performance (p < 0.001).ConclusionsResults indicate the CCT may be an effective substitute for the FM‐100 Hue to provide certification of jewellery appraisers, but the small sample size warrants additional comparative validation to support sole utilisation of the CCT. It is of interest that this sample of jewellery appraisers showed lower (i.e., better) than normal TES scores despite mitigating senescence factors. It is conceivable that the enhanced jewellery appraisers' hue discrimination reflects perceptual learning, wherein reward‐based repetition on specific tasks can improve performance, even in adulthood beyond critical periods.
Usability of transparency portals: Examination of perceptions of journalists as information seekers
Authors: Crepaz Michele , Kneafsey Liam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransparency in public institutions is relevant only in so far as the disclosed information is useful for the stakeholders who access it. Hence, we ask: what do users do with the information they obtain through transparency laws? Despite the growing interest in transparency research, the ways transparency portals are used to gather information remain strikingly understudied. We study the use of proactively and reactively disclosed information under four different transparency laws. Data are collected in the Republic of Ireland through a survey of what is generally considered to be the main category of users, benefiters, and guardians of transparency, namely journalists. This is one of the first surveys of the media's use of resources intended to ensure greater transparency in politics and offers a standard approach to the study of open government as a means to improve democratic governance.