bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MA Cation-Induced Diffusional Growth of Low-Bandgap FA-Cs Perovskites Driven by Natural Gradient Annealing
Authors: Zhang Taiyang , Chen Yuetian , Kan Miao , Xu Shumao , Miao Yanfeng , Wang Xingtao , Ren Meng , Chen Haoran , Liu Xiaomin , Zhao Yixin 
Published: August 2021

Low-bandgap formamidinium-cesium (FA-Cs) perovskites of FA

1-
x

Cs

x

PbI
3
(

x
<
0.1

) are promising candidates for efficient and robust perovskite solar cells, but their black-phase crystallization is very sensitive to annealing temperature. Unfortunately, the low heat conductivity of the glass substrate builds up a temperature gradient within from bottom to top and makes the initial annealing temperature of the perovskite film lower than the black-phase crystallization point (~150°C). Herein, we take advantage of such temperature gradient for the diffusional growth of high-quality FA-Cs perovskites by introducing a thermally unstable MA
+
cation, which would firstly form
α
-phase FA-MA-Cs mixed perovskites with low formation energy at the hot bottom of the perovskite films in the early annealing stage. The natural gradient annealing temperature and the thermally unstable MA
+
cation then lead to the bottom-to-top diffusional growth of highly orientated
α
-phase FA-Cs perovskite, which exhibits 10-fold of enhanced crystallinity and reduced trap density (

~
3.85
×

10

15

c

m

−
3

). Eventually, such FA-Cs perovskite films were fabricated into stable solar cell devices with champion efficiency up to 23.11%, among the highest efficiency of MA-free perovskite solar cells.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gliserol Dan Sorbitol Terhadap Karakteristik Daya Serap Air Edible Film Dari Pektin Kulit Pisang
Authors: Zahra Nisya Qonita , Finadzir Royfa Fenandita , Yulistiani Fitria 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK
Penggunaan edible film menghasilkan limbah dan polusi yang lebih sedikit, namun karakteristiknya masih belum mendekati sifat kemasan sintetis. Salah satu karakteristik yang perlu diperbaiki adalah daya serap air/WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi literatur mengenai pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi pemlastis (gliserol dan sorbitol) terhadap karakteristik WVTR edible film dari pektin kulit pisang. Literatur yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini dibatasi pada hasil penelitian terkait pembuatan edible film berbasis pektin kulit pisang serta menggunakan pemlastis gliserol dan sorbitol. Pada produk edible film yang dibuat menggunakan pemlastis dengan konsentrasi 10%, pemlastis sorbitol menghasilkan WVTR yang lebih rendah (3,66 g.H2O/jam.m2) dibandingkan dengan pemlastis gliserol (3,93 g.H2O/jam.m2). Dari kedua jenis pemlastis tersebut, konsentrasi yang memberikan nilai WVTR terendah (3,66 – 4,66 g.H2O/jam.m2) ada pada rentang 5-15%. Dari seluruh hasil penelitian yang dikaji, karakteristik WVTR produk edible film sudah memenuhi Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS Z 1707, 1975).
Kata kunci: Edible film, pemlastis, daya serap air, pektin kulit pisang

ABSTRACT
The use of edible films results in less waste and pollution, but their properties are still not close to those of synthetic packaging. One of its properties that need to be improved is its water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). In this study, a literature study was carried out regarding the effect of plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol) on WVTR of edible film from banana peel pectin. The literature being studied in this study is limited to the research related to edible film production based on banana peel pectin and using glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers. In the edible film which is made using a plasticizer with concentration 10%, sorbitol plasticizer produces the edible film with lower WVTR (3.66 g.H2O/hr.m2) compared to glycerol plasticizers (3.93 g.H2O/hr.m2). Of the two types of plasticizers, the concentrations that give the lowest WVTR values (3.66 – 4.66 g.H2O/hr.m2) ​​are in the range of 5-15%. From all the research results reviewed, the WVTR characteristics of edible film products have met the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS Z 1707, 1975).
Keywords: Edible film, plasticizer, water vapor transmission rate, banana peel pectin
[Reseña del libro] EOSP. Escala Observacional de Superdotación para Profesorado
Authors: López Barranco Mª Eugenia 
Published: August 2021

Martínez-Otero Pérez, V.; Ribeiro Alves, U. y Gaeta González, L. (2020): EOSP. Escala Observacional de Superdotación para Profesorado. Madrid: Editorial CEPE, 55 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-1804-421-2
La Escala Observacional de Superdotación para Profesorado (EOSP) es un instrumento original y valioso para la detección de las altas capacidades en niños y adolescentes. Es fruto del trabajo investigador realizado durante lustros por un equipo internacional integrado por tres profesores de España, Portugal y México. Con estas raíces, Iberoamérica cuenta con una herramienta psicopedagógica necesaria para la identificación de escolares altamente capacitados...
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS DAN KONTRIBUSI PENERIMAAN PAJAK HOTEL DAN PAJAK RESTORAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) KARAWANG
Authors: Nurmala Nurmala , Kosasih Kosasih 
Published: August 2021

Nurmala. 2021. Analisis Efektivitas dan Kontribusi Penerimaan Pajak Hotel dan Pajak Restoran Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Karawang. Tugas Akhir, Program Studi D3 Akuntansi Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang. Pembimbing : (1) Kosasih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas dan kontribusi pajak hotel dan pajak restoran terhadap pendapatan asli daerah pada tahun 2016-2020. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut teknik pengumpulan data penelitian yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode kuantitatif, dan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut.teknik analisis penelitian yaitu rasio efektivitas dan rasio kontribusi. Hail penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) efektivitas Pajak Hotel terdapat dalam kriteria Kurang, dan kontribusi yang diberikan Pajak Hotel dalam keadaan SangatKurang; 2) Efektivitas pajak restoran masuk dalam kriteria Sangat Efektif dan tingkat efektivitasnya dari tahun-ketahun selalu diatas 100%, sedangkan Kontribusi yang diberikan pajak restoran masih kurang dalam penerimaannya.
ADDRESS TERMS USED BY AUSTRALIANS: A CASE STUDY OF MELBOURNE
Authors: Karifianto Dwi Mawan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The use of address terms is an important and interesting sociolinguistic aspect to be studied. In Australian contexts, there are a number of address terms existing in daily interaction. This case study focuses on how address terms are used by Australians; specifically, 1) how often Australians use the address terms mate, babe, dude, love, buddy, darling, sweetie, and honey/hon in their everyday communication, 2) to whom they mostly use the terms towards, and 3) who is more likely to use the terms between male and female. In this study, the main data collection is survey, with the questionnaires distributed to local Australians around the area of Monash University, Melbourne. The findings suggest that from the eight address terms studied, the most frequently used one in daily interaction is mate, followed by love and dude. Next, those address terms are found to be used for various specific people depending on the closeness of relationships to the speaker. In addition, some terms are usable to address both sexes, while some can be used for certain sex only. Finally, for the speaker of those address terms, mate, buddy, and dude are more popular to use among male participants, while darling, sweetie, honey, babe, and love are more popular among female speakers. The findings in this sociolinguistic study confirm the use of address terms link to feelings and solidarity as suggested by the theory.
Analysis of CMA-DAPI bands and preparation of fluorescent karyotypes in thirty Indian cultivars of Lens culinaris
Authors: Jha Timir baran , Bhowmick Biplab Kumar , Roy Partha 
Published: August 2021

India holds a significant rank in production and consumption of the age old protein rich crop Lentil with only one cultivated species and a large number of phenotypically similar cultivars. The need for a reliable and cost effective method of genetic characterization to unravel differences within the Lentil cultivars was felt. The present paper adopted EMA based chromosome preparation followed by staining with two contrasting fluorochromes dyes CMA and DAPI that bind directly to GC and AT rich heterochromatic segments on chromosomes. Analysis of fluorochrome banding pattern furnished a comparative account of genetic diversity within the cultivars that could not be achieved by traditional karyotyping. The marker pair of nucleolar chromosomes (4th and 3rd, majorly) occupied a pivotal position to intensify differences between cultivars in terms of banding patterns around secondary constrictions, suggestive of yet unknown variation in heterochromatin composition. Our study has strengthened genetic background and relationships of Lentil cultivars. We observed certain types of unusual fluorochrome bands that put forward the exclusivity of Indian germplasm and have questioned the mainstream heterochromatin elements of plant chromosomes captured by CMA-DAPI stains. The comprehensive fluorescent karyotypes of 30 L. culinaris cultivars prepared for the first time, serve as an archetype for the benefit of future breeding programmes in any Indian crop.
The influence of skill and task complexity on perception of nested affordances
Authors: Seifert Ludovic , Dicks Matt , Wittmann Frieder , Wolf Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigated how skill level and task complexity influence the calibration of perception–action and particularly how close an individual acts relative to his or her maximal action capabilities. Complexity was manipulated between two (Touch, Grasp) and more than two (Removing, Moving Up) nested affordance conditions. For all conditions, we examined whether advanced climbers had greater maximal action capabilities than intermediate climbers or whether they better scaled their action (i.e., acted nearer to their maximal action capabilities) or both. Eleven intermediate and 11 advanced male climbers were first asked to estimate the maximum distance that they could reach a climbing hold. The hold was moved along a slide and fixed once requested by the participant; subsequently, the distance to the starting hold was measured. After each estimation, the participant was required to execute the climbing action. After four estimation-action trials in each of the four conditions, the maximal action capability (i.e., actual maximal reaching distance) was determined. Advanced climbers demonstrated greater actual maximal reaching distances than intermediate climbers for all conditions, but they only estimated greater maximal reaching distances for the more complex conditions, which featured more than two nested affordances. When estimated maximal reaching distances were scaled to actual maximal reaching distances, advanced climbers did not differ from intermediate climbers for any condition, and there were no differences between conditions. Our findings indicate that expertise was a function of greater action capabilities, but not due to the accuracy of calibration.
A Data-scientific Noise-removal Method for Efficient Submillimeter Spectroscopy With Single-dish Telescopes
Authors: Taniguchi Akio , Tamura Yoichi , Ikeda Shiro , Takekoshi Tatsuya , Kawabe Ryohei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For submillimeter spectroscopy with ground-based single-dish telescopes, removing the noise contribution from the Earth’s atmosphere and the instrument is essential. For this purpose, here we propose a new method based on a data-scientific approach. The key technique is statistical matrix decomposition that automatically separates the signals of astronomical emission lines from the drift noise components in the fast-sampled (1–10 Hz) time-series spectra obtained by a position-switching (PSW) observation. Because the proposed method does not apply subtraction between two sets of noisy data (i.e., on-source and off-source spectra), it improves the observation sensitivity by a factor of

2

. It also reduces artificial signals such as baseline ripples on a spectrum, which may also help to improve the effective sensitivity. We demonstrate this improvement by using the spectroscopic data of emission lines toward a high-redshift galaxy observed with a 2 mm receiver on the 50 m Large Millimeter Telescope. Since the proposed method is carried out offline and no additional measurements are required, it offers an instant improvement on the spectra reduced so far with the conventional method. It also enables efficient deep spectroscopy driven by the future 50 m class large submillimeter single-dish telescopes, where fast PSW observations by mechanical antenna or mirror drive are difficult to achieve.
A Study of the Photometric and Spectroscopic Variations of the Prototypical FU Orionis–type Star V1057 Cyg
Authors: Szabó Zs. M. , Kóspál Á. , Ábrahám P. , Park S. , Siwak M. , Green J. D. , Moór A. , Pál A. , Acosta-Pulido J. A. , Lee J.-E. , Cseh B. , Csörnyei G. , Hanyecz O. , Könyves-Tóth R. , Krezinger M. , Kriskovics L. , Ordasi A. , Sárneczky K. , Seli B. , Szakáts R. , Szing A. , Vida K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Among the low-mass pre-main sequence stars, a small group called FU Orionis–type objects (FUors) are notable for undergoing powerful accretion outbursts. V1057 Cyg, a classical example of an FUor, went into outburst around 1969–1970, after which it faded rapidly, making it the fastest-fading FUor known. Around 1995, a more rapid increase in fading occurred. Since that time, strong photometric modulations have been present. We present nearly 10 yr of source monitoring at Piszkéstető Observatory, complemented with optical/NIR photometry and spectroscopy from the Nordic Optical Telescope, Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, and Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. Our light curves show continuation of significant quasi-periodic variability in brightness over the past decade. Our spectroscopic observations show strong wind features, shell features, and forbidden emission lines. All of these spectral lines vary with time. We also report the first detection of [S ii], [N ii], and [O iii] lines in the star.
A Parametric Galactic Model toward the Galactic Bulge Based on Gaia and Microlensing Data
Authors: Koshimoto Naoki , Baba Junichi , Bennett David P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We developed a parametric Galactic model toward the Galactic bulge by fitting to spatial distributions of the Gaia DR2 disk velocity, VVV proper motion, BRAVA radial velocity, OGLE-III red clump star count, and OGLE-IV star count and microlens rate, optimized for use in microlensing studies. We include the asymmetric drift of Galactic disk stars and the dependence of velocity dispersion on Galactic location in the kinematic model, which has been ignored in most previous models used for microlensing studies. We show that our model predicts a microlensing parameter distribution significantly different from those typically used in previous studies. We estimate various fundamental model parameters for our Galaxy through our modeling, including the initial mass function (IMF) in the inner Galaxy. Combined constraints from star counts and the microlensing event timescale distribution from the OGLE-IV survey, in addition to a prior on the bulge stellar mass, enable us to successfully measure IMF slopes using a broken power-law form over a broad mass range,

α

bd

=

0.22

−
0.55

+
0.20

for M < 0.08 M
⊙,

α

ms

=

1.16

−
0.15

+
0.08

for 0.08 M
⊙ ≤ M < M
br, and

α

hm

=

2.32

−
0.10

+
0.14

for M ≥ M
br, as well as a break mass at

M

br

=

0.90

−
0.14

+
0.05

M

⊙

. This is significantly different from the Kroupa IMF for local stars, but similar to the Zoccali IMF measured from a bulge luminosity function. We also estimate the dark matter mass fraction in the bulge region of 28% ± 7% which could be larger than a previous estimate. Because our model is purely parametric, it can be universally applied using the parameters provided in this paper. (A tool for microlensing simulation using our Galactic model has been published, Koshimoto & Ranc 2021, and can be downloaded at https://github.com/nkoshimoto/genulens.)
Gamma-Ray Thermalization and Leakage from Millisecond Magnetar Nebulae: Toward a Self-consistent Model for Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Vurm Indrek , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are massive star explosions that are too luminous to be powered by traditional energy sources, such as the radioactive decay of 56Ni. Instead, they may be powered by a central engine, such as a millisecond pulsar or magnetar, whose relativistic wind inflates a nebula of high-energy particles and radiation behind the expanding supernova ejecta. We present three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations of SLSNe that follow the production of high-energy emission in the nebula and its subsequent thermalization into optical radiation within the surrounding ejecta and, conversely, determine the gamma-ray emission that escapes the ejecta without thermalizing. We identify a novel mechanism by which γγ pair creation in the upstream pulsar wind regulates the mean energy of particles entering the nebula over the first several years after the explosion, rendering our results on this timescale insensitive to the (uncertain) intrinsic wind pair multiplicity. To explain the observed late-time steepening of SLSN optical light curves as being the result of gamma-ray leakage, we find that the nebular magnetization must be very low,

ε

B

≲

10

−
6

–

10

−
4

. For higher

ε

B

, the more efficiently thermalized lower-energy synchrotron emission would overproduce the late-time (≳1 yr) optical radiation, inconsistent with observations. For magnetars to remain as viable contenders for powering SLSNe, we conclude that either magnetic dissipation in the wind/nebula is extremely efficient or the spin-down luminosity decays significantly faster than the canonical dipole rate ∝t
−2 in a way that coincidentally mimics gamma-ray escape.
Mass–Velocity Dispersion Relation in MaNGA Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Tian Yong , Cheng Han , McGaugh Stacy S. , Ko Chung-Ming , Hsu Yun-Hsin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate a kinematic scaling relation between the baryonic mass and the flat velocity dispersion, i.e., mass–velocity dispersion relation (MVDR), from the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) to the galaxy clusters. In our studies, the baryonic mass of BCGs is mainly estimated by photometry. The velocity dispersion profiles are explored with the integrated field unit by Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA). For the first time, we reveal two significant results with 54 MaNGA BCGs: (1) the flat velocity dispersion profiles; (2) a tight empirical relation on the BCG-cluster scale together with cluster samples, i.e., MVDR,

log
(

M

bar

/

M

⊙

)
=

4.1

−
0.1

+
0.1

log
(

σ

los

/

km

s

−
1

)

+

1.6

−
0.3

+
0.3

, with a tiny lognormal intrinsic scatter of

10

−
1

+
2

%

. This slope is identical to the acceleration relation in galaxy clusters, which is reminiscent of the spiral galaxies, albeit at a larger characteristic acceleration scale. The residuals of the MVDR represent a Gaussian distribution, displaying no correlations with four properties: baryonic mass, scale length, surface density, and redshift. Notably, the MVDR on the BCG-cluster scale provides a strict test, which disfavors the general prediction of the slope of three in the dark matter model.
Macular Morphology in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy Treated by ILM Peeling: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Jia Li-Yun , Sun Yi-Meng , Ma Kai 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To analyze the effects of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) by propensity score-matched analysis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients with proliferative DR that underwent pars plana vitrectomy were divided into two groups: without or with additional ILM peeling. Propensity score-matched analyses of variables were carried out. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was conducted at the 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measures were epiretinal membrane (ERM), intraretinal cystic changes, recurrent macular edema, and blurring of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) margin.

RESULTS:

There were 41 patients in Group 1 (non-ILM peeling) and 41 patients in Group 2 (ILM peeling). ERM was observed in 11 of 41 eyes (26.8%) in Group 1, and three of 41 eyes (7%) in Group 2 at the 6-month follow-up (
P
= .019). Intraretinal cystoid changes were observed in 13 eyes of Group 1 and four eyes of Group 2 (
P
= .014). The median central macular thickness was 250.00 ± 135.09 μm in Group 1 and 235.00 ± 101.55 μm in Group 2 (
P
= .738). Macular edema was observed in 24 eyes (58.5%) in Group 1 and 19 eyes (46.3%) in Group 2 (
P
= 0.269). There was no significant difference in foveal dip angle between the groups (
P
= .820). The IS/OS margin was disrupted in 48.8% and 56.1% of eyes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, without significant difference. There was also no significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between two groups before surgery, and there was no significant difference in BCVA between two groups at 6 months after surgery (
P
= .13).

CONCLUSION:
The authors' results indicate that vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling can minimize ERM formation and eliminate intraretinal cystoid changes, but the functional recovery is limited.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:420–425.]
Choroidal Thickness in Multifocal Dendritic and Placoid Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kawali Ankush , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Khanum Aayesha , Sanjay Srinivasan , Mohan Ashwin , Shetty Rohit 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To study spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics in multifocal advanced dendritic serpiginous-like choroiditis (D-SLC) and placoid serpiginous-like choroiditis (P-SLC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, comparative study. SD-OCT features were studied in both the groups. Area of involvement (AoI) due to SLC lesions was calculated, and cases with comparable AoI from both the groups were subclassified into Group A (subgroup D-SLC) and Group B (subgroup P-SLC). Central choroidal thickness (CT) was measured, and comparative analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

Thirty-four eyes (15 D-SLC, 19 P-SLC) of 28 patients were studied. Mean AoI for Group A (n = 10) and for Group B (n = 12) was 197,066.50 units (range: 139,602 to 267,151 units) and 203,407.33 units (range: 148,156 to 285,048 units), respectively (
P
= .553). Mean central CT was 217.92 µm for DSLC and 152 µm for P-SLC (
P
= .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
The choroid was significantly thinner at the resolution in P-SLC than in D-SLC form. P-SLC renders more choroidal destruction and may warrant aggressive treatment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:438–442.]