bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Site Evaluation of Immunoassays for Antipsychotic Drug Measurement in Clinical Samples
Authors: Clarke William A , Salyer Bruce , Hussey Casey , Gardiner JoAnn , Johnson-Davis Kamisha , Milone Michael C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Atypical antipsychotic drugs are frequently used in the treatment of serious mental illness (SMI), specifically schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Adherence to these prescribed drug regimens is a challenge to successful treatment with these drugs. For some of the more common drugs in this class, novel turbidimetric immunoassays have been developed for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to aid in the management of patients prescribed these drugs.

Methods
Immunoassays for aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, and risperidone were set up at 2 centers: Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) on the Roche Cobas® c501, and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) on the Beckman AU480. Assay imprecision, limit of quantification (LOQ), functional sensitivity, linearity, and recovery were assessed. Remnant clinical samples were obtained from a reference laboratory (ARUP), and immunoassay results were compared with those obtained by LC–MS/MS.

Results
Imprecision at both sites for all analytes and concentrations tested was &lt;10%. The manufacturer’s LOQ was confirmed for each assay, and the functional sensitivity for each assay was found to be lower than the LOQ. All assays were found to be linear over the measuring range, with recoveries ranging from 91% to 123%. For method comparison, Deming regression slopes were found to be between 0.84 to 1.28.

Conclusion
The immunoassays evaluated here are suitable for quantifying drug concentrations to be used in TDM for all 6 drugs. Commercialization of these assays will enable increased access for TDM in psychiatric patient management.
Separation and Determination of Diflunisal and its Impurity by Two Chromatographic Methods: TLC–Densitometry and HPLC
Authors: Farid Nehal F , Naguib Ibrahim A , Moatamed Radwa S , El Ghobashy Mohamed R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Diflunisal (DIF) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It is a pharmacopeial drug found in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), and its major pharmacopeial impurity is biphenyl-4-ol (BPL).

Objective
DIF has not previously been determined together with BPL. The presence of BPL could significantly affect the dose of DIF in its dosage forms; hence it is crucial to determine DIF and BPL in each other’s presence.

Methods
TLC is the first proposed method, where DIF and BPL were separated on silica gel TLC F254 plates. The eluent was toluene–acetone–acetic acid solution (3.5:6.5:1, v/v). Reversed-phase (RP) HPLC is the second suggested method, where a mixture of DIF and BPL was separated on a C18 (5 µm ps, 250 mm and 4.6 id) column using phosphate buffer pH 4 (0.05 M)–acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). Detection was carried out at 254 nm in both methods.

Results
For the TLC method, concentration ranges of 0.5–3 and 0.3–1.7 µg/band were used, with mean percentage recoveries of 100.22% (SD 0.893) and 100.52% (SD 0.952) for DIF and BPL, respectively. The RP-HPLC method was carried out over a concentration range of 5–30 and 2–9 μg/mL, with mean percentage recoveries of 100.10% (SD 1.259) and 98.88% (SD 0.822) for DIF and BPL, respectively.

Conclusion
The TLC and RP-HPLC methods were successfully applied for the determination of DIF and BPL, quantitatively, whether in bulk powder or in pharmaceutical formulations.

Highlights
Two chromatographic methods were developed and validated according to International Council on Harmonization guidelines for the assay of DIF and its pharmacopeial impurity.
Determination of Drugs of Abuse in Hair by LC–MS-MS: Application to Suicide Attempts Investigation
Authors: Cardoso Marilia S , Lanaro Rafael , Dolores Raul C , Morais Damila R , Arantes Ana Carolina Furiozo , Oliveira Karina Diniz , Costa Jose Luiz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Considering that the use of psychoactive substances (PSs) is a risk factor to either higher intensity or frequency of suicidal behavior, hair analysis was conducted to investigate the most consumed PSs (opiates, amphetamine stimulants, marijuana, cocaine and heroin) in patients who attempted suicide and received urgent care at emergency service. Hair samples were extracted using methanol and sonicated under heating and then analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During validation, the method complied with international recommended criteria, with limits of detection between 0.0025 and 0.05 ng/mg and linearity between 0.1 and 4 ng/mg for methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), morphine, amphetamine, 6-acetylmorphine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), fenproporex, diethylpropion and codeine; between 0.025 and 1 ng/mg for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene and between 0.25 and 10 ng/mg for cocaine and mazindol. A total of 109 hair samples were analyzed and segmented in 404 parts. Among all analyzed samples, 30.3% were positive for at least one PS (n = 33), such as cocaine (90.9%), codeine (12.1%), morphine (3.0%), MDMA (3.0%) and THC (3.0%). In segmental analysis of cocaine positive samples (n = 30), 76.7% of the samples indicated recent exposure to cocaine (&lt;1 month). This same behavior was observed when analyzing codeine (n = 4) and morphine (n = 1). THC positive samples indicated exposure dated ∼4 months prior. In conclusion, the method was validated following international recommendations for the 12 most consumed PSs in Brazil, as well as two of the most common found metabolites.
Two Variants of KIT Causing White Patterning in Stock-Type Horses
Authors: Patterson Rosa Laura , Martin Katie , Vierra Micaela , Foster Gabriel , Lundquist Erica , Brooks Samantha A , Lafayette Christa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver 30 polymorphisms in the KIT Proto-Oncogene Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (KIT) gene have been implicated in white spotting patterns ranging from small areas to full dermal depigmentation in the horse. We performed a candidate-gene exon sequencing approach on KIT and MITF, 2 known causatives of white spotting patterns, within 2 families of horses of unknown white spotting. Family 1 (Fam1, N = 5) consisted of a Quarter Horse stallion and 4 offspring with white spotting pattern ranging from legs, lower ventral, and head regions with jagged borders, to almost complete white. The second family (Fam2, N = 7) consisted of 6 half-sibling American Paint Horse/Quarter Horse and their dam, demonstrating unpigmented limbs with belly spots and an extensive white patterning on the face. This approach resulted in 2 variants significantly associated with familial phenotypes, where Fam1 variant is an indel leading to a frameshift mutation, and Fam2 a non-synonymous SNP. We validated the variants within an unrelated population of horses (Fam2 variant, P = 0.00271944) as well as for protein functional impact with ExPASy, Protter, Phyre2, SMART, PROVEAN, SIFT, and I-TASSER, confirming the reported associations. Fam1 associated variant, deemed W31, alters the protein sequence, leading to an early stop codon truncating the normal amino acid sequence from 972 to just 115 amino acids. Fam2 associated variant, deemed W32, may have a subtle impact on receptor function or could be in linkage with a non-coding or regulatory change creating the mild spotting pattern observed in this family.
Comparative Skip-Oviposition Behavior Among Container BreedingAedesspp. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Reinbold-Wasson Drew David , Reiskind Michael Hay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContainer Aedes mosquitoes are the most important vectors of human arboviruses (i.e., dengue, chikungunya, Zika, or yellow fever). Invasive and native container Aedes spp. potentially utilize natural and artificial containers in specific environments for oviposition. Several container Aedes spp. display ‘skip-oviposition’ behavior, which describes the distribution of eggs among multiple containers during a single gonotrophic cycle. In this study, we compared individual skip-oviposition behavior using identical eight-cup testing arenas with three container Aedes species: Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Aedes triseriatus (Say). We applied the index of dispersion, an aggregation statistic, to individual mosquitoes’ oviposition patterns to assess skip-oviposition behavior. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus utilized more cups and distributed eggs more evenly among cups than Ae. triseriatus under nutritionally enriched oviposition media (oak leaf infusion) conditions. When presented with a nutritionally unenriched (tap water) oviposition media, both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus increased egg spreading behavior. Aedes albopictus did not modify skip-oviposition behavior when reared and assessed under fall-like environmental conditions, which induce diapause egg production. This study indicates specific oviposition site conditions influence skip-oviposition behavior with ‘preferred’ sites receiving higher amounts of eggs from any given individual and ‘non-preferred’ sites receive a limited contribution of eggs. A further understanding of skip-oviposition behavior is needed to make the best use of autodissemination trap technology in which skip-ovipositing females spread a potent larvicide among oviposition sites within the environment.
“We Are Anxious Every Day”: COVID-19 Impacts on Youth with Spina Bifida
Authors: Stiles-Shields Colleen , Kritikos Tessa K , Ridosh Monique M , Starnes Meredith , Holmbeck Grayson N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a national sample of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with spina bifida (SB) and parents of youth with SB.

Methods
AYA with SB (15–25; n = 298) and parents of children with SB (n = 200) were recruited to complete an anonymous, online survey in English or Spanish. Participants provided information about demographic and condition characteristics, as well as their technology access and use for behavioral health care. They also completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS), which includes Exposure, Impact, and Distress subscales. Exploratory correlations and t-tests were used to examine potential associations between CEFIS scores and demographic, medical, and access characteristics. Qualitative data from the CEFIS were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Scores on the Exposure, Impact, and Distress subscales demonstrated significant variability. Demographic associations with Exposure differed for those with higher Impact and Distress (e.g., White, non-Hispanic/Latino AYA reported higher rates of exposure [p = .001]; AYA who identified with a minoritized racial/ethnic identity reported greater impact [p ≤ .03]). Impacts to mental and behavioral health (n = 44), interference with medical care (n = 28), and interpersonal challenges (n = 27) were the most commonly occurring qualitative themes.

Conclusions
The current findings implicate differential impacts to individuals with SB and their families based on demographic, medical, and systemic factors (e.g., minoritized status). Recommendations to support families with SB and other pediatric conditions are made.
Beyond the binary: Trans women’s video activism on YouTube
Authors: de Lima Lopes Rodrigo Esteves 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article aims to analyse aboutness in a corpus of videos posted by Brazilian female transsexual influencers. The analysis is based on Corpus Linguistics, machine learning techniques, and automated lexical mapping techniques, especially Topic Modelling. This technique served as a starting point for establishing four main topics: Relationship and Social Events, Gender, Beauty, and Transition. These topics had their statistically relevant lexis qualitatively analysed by concordance. This study used tools written in R and Python programming languages, made freely available to the community. The results show that the topics are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent, and the approach adopted was fruitful for text analysis.
Magneto-rotational instability in magnetically polarized discs
Authors: Pimentel Diaz Oscar M , Fragile P Chris , Lora-Clavijo F D , Ierace Bridget , Bollimpalli Deepika 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) is the most likely mechanism for transportation of angular momentum and dissipation of energy within hot, ionized accretion discs. This instability is produced through the interactions of a differentially rotating plasma with an embedded magnetic field. Like all substances in nature, the plasma in an accretion disc has the potential to become magnetically polarized when it interacts with the magnetic field. In this paper we study the effect of this magnetic susceptibility, parameterized by χm, on the MRI, specifically within the context of black hole accretion. We find from a linear analysis within the Newtonian limit that the minimum wavelength of the first unstable mode and the wavelength of the fastest growing mode are shorter in paramagnetic (χm &gt; 0) than in diamagnetic (χm &lt; 0) discs, all other parameters being equal. Furthermore, the magnetization parameter (ratio of gas to magnetic pressure) in the saturated state should be smaller when the magnetic susceptibility is positive than when it is negative. We confirm this latter prediction through a set of numerical simulations of magnetically polarized black hole accretion discs. We additionally find that the vertically integrated stress and mass accretion rate are somewhat larger when the disc is paramagnetic than when it is diamagnetic. If astrophysical discs are able to become magnetically polarized to any significant degree, then our results would be relevant to properly interpreting observations.
Evolution of Wolf–Rayet stars as black hole progenitors
Authors: Higgins E R , Sander A A C , Vink J S , Hirschi R 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Evolved Wolf–Rayet stars form a key aspect of massive star evolution, and their strong outflows determine their final fates. In this study, we calculate grids of stellar models for a wide range of initial masses at five metallicities (ranging from solar down to just 2 per cent solar). We compare a recent hydrodynamically consistent wind prescription with two earlier frequently used wind recipes in stellar evolution and population synthesis modelling, and we present the ranges of maximum final masses at core He-exhaustion for each wind prescription and metallicity Z. Our model grids reveal qualitative differences in mass-loss behaviour of the wind prescriptions in terms of ‘convergence’. Using the prescription from Nugis & Lamers the maximum stellar black hole is found to converge to a value of 20–30 M⊙, independent of host metallicity; however, when utilizing the new physically motivated prescription from Sander & Vink there is no convergence to a maximum black hole mass value. The final mass is simply larger for larger initial He-star mass, which implies that the upper black hole limit for He-stars below the pair-instability gap is set by prior evolution with mass loss, or the pair instability itself. Quantitatively, we find the critical Z for pair-instability (ZPI) to be as high as 50 per cent Z⊙, corresponding to the host metallicity of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Moreover, while the Nugis & Lamers prescription would not predict any black holes above the approx 130 M⊙ pair-instability limit, with Sander & Vink winds included, we demonstrate a potential channel for very massive helium stars to form such massive black holes at ∼2 per cent Z⊙ or below.
Catalogue ofin situobserved solar energetic electrons from ACE/EPAM instrument
Authors: Samwel Susan W , Miteva Rositsa 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe present the first comprehensive catalogue of in situ observed solar energetic electron (SEE) events that covers solar cycles [SCs] 23 and 24 in the energy range 103–315 keV. The electron enhancements are detected by the Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor − Deflected Electrons instrument [EPAM-DE] aboard the ACE spacecraft. Onset time, peak time, background-subtracted peak electron intensity, and onset-to-peak fluence have been analysed for each event where possible. We describe the utilized procedure to identify the electron events and the criteria of their association to their solar origin: solar flares (SFs) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A statistical study between the peak electron intensity/fluence and the SF/CME properties, also with respect to the SC, is presented. In addition, we investigated the properties of the SEEs that are accompanied with solar energetic protons. Furthermore, the correlation between the intensity and fluence of the SEEs and those of the solar energetic protons are examined with respect to the SCs. The SEE catalogue is generated and posted on-line and will be updated whenever data are available. The purpose of this catalogue is to provide a publicly available service to solar and space physics communities. In addition, such catalogues are considered as a novel tool that can be used in real-time particle forecasting systems which are also relied upon to mitigate against harmful space weather effects due to particle events.
Probing the galaxy–halo connection with total satellite luminosity
Authors: Tinker Jeremy L , Cao Junzhi , Alpaslan Mehmet , DeRose Joseph , Mao Yao-Yuan , Wechsler Risa H 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate how the total luminosity in satellite galaxies is a powerful probe of dark matter haloes around central galaxies. The method cross-correlates central galaxies in spectroscopic galaxy samples with fainter galaxies detected in photometric surveys. Using models, we show that the total galaxy luminosity, Lsat, scales linearly with host halo mass, making Lsat an excellent proxy for Mh. Lsat is also sensitive to the formation time of the halo. We demonstrate that probes of galaxy large-scale environment can break this degeneracy. Although this is an indirect probe of the halo, it yields a high signal-to-noise ratio measurement for galaxies expected to occupy haloes at &lt;1012 M⊙, where other methods suffer from larger errors. In this paper, we focus on observational and theoretical systematics in the Lsat method. We test the robustness of our method of finding central galaxies and our methods of estimating the number of background galaxies. We implement this method on galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data, with satellites identified in fainter imaging data. We find excellent agreement between our theoretical predictions and the observational measurements. Finally, we compare our Lsat measurements to weak lensing estimates of Mh for red and blue subsamples. In the stellar mass range where the measurements overlap, we find consistent results, where red galaxies live in larger haloes. However, the Lsat approach allows us to probe significantly lower mass galaxies. At these masses, the Lsat values are equivalent. This example shows the potential of Lsat as a probe of dark haloes.
TESS cycle 1 observations of roAp stars with 2-min cadence data
Authors: Holdsworth D L , Cunha M S , Kurtz D W , Antoci V , Hey D R , Bowman D M , Kobzar O , Buzasi D L , Kochukhov O , Niemczura E , Ozuyar D , Shi F , Szabó R , Samadi-Ghadim A , Bognár Zs , Fox-Machado L , Khalack V , Lares-Martiz M , Lovekin C C , Mikołajczyk P , Mkrtichian D , Pascual-Granado J , Paunzen E , Richey-Yowell T , Sódor Á , Sikora J , Yang T Z , Brunsden E , David-Uraz A , Derekas A , García Hernández A , Guzik J A , Hatamkhani N , Handberg R , Lambert T S , Lampens P , Murphy S J , Monier R , Pollard K R , Quitral-Manosalva P , Ramón-Ballesta A , Smalley B , Stateva I , Vanderspek R 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a systematic search for new rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars using the 2-min cadence data collected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its Cycle 1 observations. We identify 12 new roAp stars. Amongst these stars we discover the roAp star with the longest pulsation period, another with the shortest rotation period, and six with multiperiodic variability. In addition to these new roAp stars, we present an analysis of 44 known roAp stars observed by TESS during Cycle 1, providing the first high-precision and homogeneous sample of a significant fraction of the known roAp stars. The TESS observations have shown that almost 60 per cent (33) of our sample of stars are multiperiodic, providing excellent cases to test models of roAp pulsations, and from which the most rewarding asteroseismic results can be gleaned. We report four cases of the occurrence of rotationally split frequency multiplets that imply different mode geometries for the same degree modes in the same star. This provides a conundrum in applying the oblique pulsator model to the roAp stars. Finally, we report the discovery of non-linear mode interactions in α Cir (TIC 402546736, HD 128898) around the harmonic of the principal mode – this is only the second case of such a phenomenon.
miRNA-149 targets PARP-2 in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells to regulate the trophoblast attachment process
Authors: Soni Upendra Kumar , Chadchan Sangappa Basanna , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Jha Rajesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Embryo implantation is a highly complex process involving many regulatory factors, including several micro RNAs (miRNAs/miRs). One miRNA present in the stromal cells of normal endometrium is miR-149, which targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2), a gene involved in endometrial receptivity for trophoblast implantation. However, the precise role of miR-149 in the endometrial receptivity during blastocyst implantation is still unknown. We studied miR-149-dependent PARP-2 regulation during trophoblast attachment to endometrial epithelial cells. Using FISH, we found that miR-149 is expressed in mouse endometrial epithelial and stromal cells at implantation and inter-implantation sites. Endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation and attachment is inhibited by the upregulation of miR-149 in the endometrium. Our RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of miR-149 in the implantation region of the uterus during the receptive stage (Day 5, 0500 h, p.c.) in the mouse. Under in-vitro conditions, miR-149 overexpression in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) abrogated the human trophoblastic cells spheroid and mouse blastocyst attachment. Subsequently, miR-149 also regulates transformed human endometrial stromal cell (T-hESCs) decidualization by downregulating PARP-2 and upregulating caspase-8 proteins. Overexpression of miR-149 in hEECs and downregulated PARP-2 protein expression, reconfirming that PARP-2 is a downstream target of miR-149 in endometrial cells as well. miR-149 is also able to alter the expression of caspase-8, another PARP-2 regulator. In conclusion, our data indicate that miR-149 is one of the regulators of endometrial receptivity and decidualization for trophoblast implantation, and it exerts the effects by acting on the downstream targets PARP-2 and caspase-8.