bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoelectrode‐Mediated Extracellular Electrical Stimulation Directing Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation of Stem Cells for Improved Parkinson's Disease Therapy
Authors: Wang Liang , Yao Yuan , Xie Bojun , Lei Ming , Li Yiwei , Shi Jiaming , Yu Liyang , Zhou Wenjuan , Sang Yuanhua , Kong Liang , Liu Hong , Qiu Jichuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons. Neural‐stem‐cell (NSC)‐based therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of PD but its therapeutic performance is limited by low efficiency of differentiation of NSCs to dopaminergic neurons. Although electrical stimulation can promote neuronal differentiation, it is not verified whether it can induce the NSCs to specifically differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. Meanwhile, it is a great challenge to precisely apply electrical stimulation to dynamically migrating NSCs after transplantation. Here, electrochemically exfoliated graphene nanosheets are designed to anchor to the membrane of NSCs to serve as wireless nanoelectrodes. After anchoring to the cell membrane, these nanoelectrodes are able to migrate together with the cells and precisely apply extracellular electrical stimulation to the receptors or ion transport channels on the membrane of transplanted cells under alternating magnetic field. The nanoelectrode‐mediated electrical stimulation induces 38.46% of the NSCs to specifically differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, while the percentage is only 5.82% for NSCs without the nanoelectrode stimulation. Transplantation of NSCs anchored with the nanoelectrodes effectively improves the recovery of the motor and memory ability of PD mice under alternating magnetic field within 2 weeks.
Novel Selectivity: Target of Gas Sensing Defined by Behavior
Authors: Miao Lei , Song Peng , Xue Yibei , Hou Zhufeng , Hasegawa Takuya , Okawa Ayahisa , Goto Tomoyo , Seo Yeongjun , Maezono Ryo , Sekino Tohru , Yin Shu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraditional selectivity of gas sensors determined by the magnitude of the response value has significant limitations. The distinctive inversion sensing behavior not only defies the traditional sensing theory but also provides insight into defining selectivity. Herein, the novel definition of selectivity is established in a study with VO2(M1). The sensing behavior of VO2(M1) is investigated after its synthesis conditions optimization by machine learning. In gases of the same nature, VO2(M1) shows remarkably selective for NH3 marked with unique resistance increase behavior. Such anomalous behavior is attributed to the formation of the Schottky junction between VO2(M1) and the electrode. The “work function‐electron affinity” relation is summarized as the selectivity coefficient, a parameter for predicting the selectivity of the sensing material effectively.
Self‐Adaptive Zwitterionic Polysilazane Coatings with Mechanical Robustness, High Transparency, and Broad‐Spectrum Antiadhesion Properties
Authors: Huang Yinjie , Zhang Zhenqiang , Zhang Bin , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAntiadhesive coatings have been extensively studied owing to their wide applications in biology, environment, and energy. However, developing a mechanically robust coating with broad‐spectrum antiadhesion properties remains challenging. Herein, a novel strategy for preparing hard yet flexible and self‐adaptive zwitterionic polysilazane coatings with broad‐spectrum antiadhesion properties (anti‐biofouling, anti‐liquid adhesion, and anti‐scaling) is proposed. The coatings are prepared by combining polysilazane with a telomer (FT) consisting of a low‐surface‐energy fluorine motif and hydrolysis‐induced zwitterions. Before Si─OH generation in polysilazane, the fluorine motif drives the zwitterionic precursor to enrich on the surface, generating a zwitterionic layer following pre‐hydrolysis. This unique design prevents the coatings from swelling in water, allowing them to adapt to diverse environments. The fluorine motif can orient toward the surface of air, providing anti‐liquid adhesion capabilities, whereas the zwitterions orient underwater to endow anti‐biofouling, anti‐liquid adhesion, and anti‐scaling capabilities. The highly cross‐linked network toughened by FT contributes to the high hardness (up to 7H) and good flexibility of the coating. The chemical bonding between the coating and substrates ensures their strong adhesion (≈2.06–7.67 MPa). This study contributes to the design of mechanically robust broad‐spectrum antiadhesive coatings applicable in marine industries, optical devices, pipeline transportation, and other fields.
Machine Learning in Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage Materials: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Zhou Panpan , Zhou Qianwen , Xiao Xuezhang , Fan Xiulin , Zou Yongjin , Sun Lixian , Jiang Jinghua , Song Dan , Chen Lixin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has emerged as a pioneering tool in advancing the research application of high‐performance solid‐state hydrogen storage materials (HSMs). This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art research of ML in resolving crucial issues such as low hydrogen storage capacity and unfavorable de‐/hydrogenation cycling conditions. First, the datasets, feature descriptors, and prevalent ML models tailored for HSMs are described. Specific examples include the successful application of ML in titanium‐based, rare‐earth‐based, solid solution, magnesium‐based, and complex HSMs, showcasing its role in exploiting composition–structure–property relationships and designing novel HSMs for specific applications. One of the representative ML works is the single‐phase Ti‐based HSM with superior cost‐effective and comprehensive properties, tailored to fuel cell hydrogen feeding system at ambient temperature and pressure through high‐throughput composition‐performance scanning. More importantly, this review also identifies and critically analyzes the key challenges faced by ML in this domain, including poor data quality and availability, and the balance between model interpretability and accuracy, together with feasible countermeasures suggested to ameliorate these problems. In summary, this work outlines a roadmap for enhancing ML's utilization in solid‐state hydrogen storage research, promoting more efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions.
A Normalizing Flow Based Validity‐Preserving Inverse‐Design Model for Nanoscale MOSFETs
Authors: Ashai Aasim , Badami Oves , Sarkar Biplab 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA two‐stage inverse model for the design of gate‐all‐around nanowire metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is proposed in this article. The proposed model first validates the selection of output characteristics using a normalizing flow based generative model, and then predicts the device parameters corresponding to the valid output characteristics using a cascade of inverse and forward artificial neural networks (ANNs). This accurately captures any out‐of‐distribution datapoint in the output characteristics distribution and computes the device parameters through the inverse ANN, avoiding any conflicts created by non‐unique mappings. The two‐stage model instantly predicts possible device designs for a target output characteristic set without going for multiple iterations to arrive at a device‐design, highlighting the accuracy and robustness of the model.
RUNX2 Phase Separation Mediates Long‐Range Regulation Between Osteoporosis‐Susceptibility Variant and XCR1 to Promote Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xin‐Hao , Peng Pai , Qiu Zi‐Han , Di Chen‐Xi , Chen Xiao‐Feng , Wang Nai‐Ning , Chen Fei , He Yin‐Wei , Liu Zhong‐Bo , Zhao Fan , Zhu Dong‐Li , Dong Shan‐Shan , Hu Shou‐Ye , Yang Zhi , Li Yi‐Ping , Guo Yan , Yang Tie‐Lin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGWASs have identified many loci associated with osteoporosis, but the underlying genetic regulatory mechanisms and the potential drug target need to be explored. Here, a new regulatory mechanism is found that a GWAS intergenic SNP (rs4683184) functions as an enhancer to influence the binding affinity of transcription factor RUNX2, whose phase separation can mediate the long‐range chromatin interaction between enhancer and target gene XCR1 (a member of the GPCR family), leading to changes of XCR1 expression and osteoblast differentiation. Bone‐targeting AAV of Xcr1 can improve bone formation in osteoporosis mice, suggesting that XCR1 can be a new susceptibility gene for osteoporosis. This study is the first to link non‐coding SNP with phase separation, providing a new insight into long‐range chromatin regulation mechanisms with susceptibility to complex diseases, and finding a potential target for the development of osteoporosis drugs and corresponding translational research.
Understanding Degradation and Enhancing Cycling Stability for High‐Voltage LiCoO2‐Based Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Baolin , Chang Zhenghua , Chen Zhiqiang , Windmüller Anna , Tsai Chih‐Long , Qin Zhizhen , Danilov Dmitri L. , Zhou Lei , Daniel Davis Thomas , Schaps Kristian , Ahmed Jehad , Raijmakers Luc H. J. , Yu Shicheng , Tempel Hermann , Granwehr Josef , Chen Chunguang , Wei Yujie , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Notten Peter H. L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImproving the energy density of Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries (LIBs) is vital in meeting the growing demand for high‐performance energy storage and conversion systems. Developing high‐voltage LIBs using high‐capacity and high‐voltage cathode materials is promising for enhancing energy density. However, conventional cathode and electrolyte materials face serious decomposition and structural degradation at high operating voltages. Herein, a dual‐salts electrolyte of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiFSI‐LiTFSI) is developed to improve the cycling stability of high‐voltage lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2, LCO)||Li batteries. Operando X‐ray diffraction analysis experiments are carried out to characterize the structural stability of cathode materials, suggesting a severe irreversible phase transformation at high voltage levels. Aging simulations, combined with experimental studies, suggest that a fast loss of active materials is mainly responsible for the capacity loss at high voltages. Carbon‐coated LCO cathodes are synthesized to mitigate cycling degradation. The designed LCO||Li cells exhibit a high‐capacity retention of over 85% after 400 cycles at 4 .7V. The present work provides a novel insight into understanding the degradation and enhancing the stability of high‐voltage LCO‐based Li‐metal batteries, thus facilitating their practical applications.
Lithium Kinetics in Ag–C Porous Interlayer in Reservoir‐Free Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Park Se Hwan , Naik Kaustubh G. , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Mukherjee Partha P. , Hatzell Kelsey B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium reservoir‐free solid‐state batteries (SSBs) can potentially be energy‐dense alternatives to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. However, controlling the morphology and organization of lithium metal at a current collector remains a challenge and hampers the cycle lifetime of these types of batteries. Porous interlayers have the potential to guide uniform lithium plating and improve electrochemical performance. Factors such as stack pressure, interlayer composition, current density, and interlayer mechanical properties all influence lithium electrode kinetics. This study explores how these kinetic factors impact lithium movement through a porous silver–carbon (Ag‐C) interlayer, lithium electrodeposits morphology, and electrochemical performance. Silver nanoparticles in interlayer can facilitate the lithium movement and induce internal stress which contributes to void formation which impedes the lithium flow. Decreasing pore sizes in the interlayer can lead to creep enhancement and preferential formation of lithium metal at the current collector. Porosity‐driven creep enhancement is correlated with the formation of denser and uniform electrodes which enable greater reversible operation at lower pressures.
Irrigation management and biochar × mineral fertilization for improving rice yield and profitability
Authors: Muhindo Daniel , Lelei Joyce J. , Munyahali Wivine , Cizungu Landry , Kangela Alain , Bukombe Benjamin , Mwonga Samuel , Rewald Boris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInefficient fertilizer management and increasing water scarcity are affecting rice yields and thus food security in Central African lowlands. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of biochar and mineral fertilizer application and irrigation regime on paddy rice growth, yield and profitability. A randomized complete block design with a split‐split plot arrangement and three replications was used at three field sites and for two consecutive seasons. The main plots consisted of two irrigation regimes, permanent flooding and alternate wetting and drying. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars TAI and AR2017105 were assigned to subplots. Six fertilization treatments were applied in sub‐subplots: control, rice husk biochar or manure‐charged biochar, each with and without mineral fertilizer. Alternate wetting and drying did not penalize yield. The combined use of biochar and mineral fertilizer increased paddy rice yield compared to fertilizer alone (+16%) and the control (+85%). The sole application of biochar, with or without manure, did increase yield in the first (+14%) but not in the second season compared to the unfertilized control. In both cropping seasons, the combined use of biochar and mineral fertilizer significantly increased the gross margin of paddy rice farming compared to the sole application of fertilizer. The combined application of biochar and mineral fertilizer under alternate wetting and drying can thus be recommended as a key climate‐smart agricultural practice to increase food security and the agronomic profitability of rice cropping in Central African lowlands and comparable rice growing areas worldwide.
Effect of solvents on furfural liquid‐phase hydrogenation and catalysts: A review
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Zhang Heng , Wu Dongfang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFurfural (FFR) is one of the most important biomass derivatives, usually obtained by initial hydrolysis of xylose oligomers derived from hemicellulose to xylose and then acid catalyzed dehydration. The FFR liquid‐phase hydrogenation reaction conditions are mild, which is conducive to connecting with upstream chemicals. The solvent systems play a crucial role in the selectivity of target products and the sustainability of the reaction process in the catalytic hydrogenation of FFR to high value‐added chemicals. This work reviews various solvent systems (organic solvents, aqueous phase, supercritical CO2, and ionic liquids) used in the FFR hydrogenation. The functions, characteristics, and limitations of various solvents in FFR hydrogenation are discussed, and the interactions among solvents and FFR, reaction intermediates, and catalysts are summarized. This review can promote the development of FFR liquid‐phase catalytic hydrogenation systems and provide valuable references for improving the yield and sustainability of FFR hydrogenation to high value‐added chemicals.
Sodium Oxybate‐Treated Familial Myoclonus‐Dystonia Syndrome Due to Novel SGCE Variant
Authors: Alghamdi Malak Ali , Hamad Muddathir H. , Alghamdi Isra , Alghamdi Ghiada , Al‐Jelaify Muneera , Alshimemeri Sohaila , Hamed Hebattalah , Adly Nouran , Salih Mustafa A. , Almontashiri Naif A. , Bashiri Fahad A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMyoclonus‐dystonia syndrome (MDS, OMIM #159900) is an autosomal‐dominant movement disorder caused by heterozygous variants in the epsilon sarcoglycan gene (SGCE) and characterized by a combination of myoclonic jerks, dystonia, and psychiatric comorbidities. Patients with MDS have a normal life expectancy with markedly reduced quality of life. Here, we report four family members diagnosed with MDS of variable severity due to a novel heterozygous splicing variant in SGCE (c.341‐2A>G), including a 13‐year‐old female who presented with disabling dystonic spasms, myoclonic jerks, and psychiatric symptoms. She had shown little or no response to several conventional MDS treatments. However, disabling axial dystonia was significantly improved by sodium oxybate (1 g, twice daily). Although there was less effect on myoclonus, sodium oxybate treatment significantly improved the overall quality of life at the 3‐years follow‐up. Clinical trials are warranted to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of sodium oxybate for MDS‐associated dystonia.
Ontogenetic Scaling of the Primate Middle Ear
Authors: Franklin Katheryn P. , Smith Timothy D. , DeLeon Valerie B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe study of primate auditory morphology is a significant area of interest for comparative anatomists, given the phylogenetic relationships that link primate hearing and the morphology of these auditory structures. Extensive literature addresses the form‐to‐function relationship of the auditory system (outer, middle, and inner ear) in primates and, by extension, provides insight into the auditory system of extinct primates and even modern humans. We add to this literature by describing the ontogenetic trajectory of the middle ear cavity and ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes) due to their critical role in relaying auditory stimuli for interpretation. We examined middle ear morphology in neonatal primates and adult primates using a taxonomically broad sample. We focused primarily on nocturnal primate taxa (Daubentonia, Loris, Galago, Aotus, and Tarsier), which are underrepresented in the literature. However, we also included three diurnal taxa (Macaca, Lemur, and Saguinus). Using 3D Slicer, we visualized middle ear structures in three dimensions using conventional micro CT data informed by diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced CT (diceCT) data. We illustrated how spatial relationships between otic elements, such as the various epitympanic sinuses of the middle ear and the auditory ossicles, vary throughout ontogeny. Our major findings include that the central tympanic cavity scaled with negative allometry in all taxa and that the accessory cavities scaled with isometry or positive allometry in most taxa. Despite these changes in chamber size, the size of the ear ossicles remained relatively consistent through ontogeny in most taxa. We confirmed our expectation that anthropoids exhibit an increase in the complexity of accessory cavities throughout ontogeny, mirroring the exponential pneumatization of the face in anthropoids. These findings provide an ontogenetic perspective and reveal further functional complexities of the middle ear as a conduit for sound proliferation and as a pressure regulator.
Association between PaCO2 and outcomes in patients who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Kawakami Ayumi , Shibahashi Keita , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Hifumi Toru , Inoue Akihiko , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Kuroda Yasuhiro ,   the SAVE‐J II Study Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThe optimal arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) for patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between post‐resuscitation PaCO2 and neurological outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Study of Advanced Life Support for Ventricular Fibrillation with Extracorporeal Circulation in Japan, a multicenter registry study across 36 hospitals in Japan, including patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) admitted to intensive care units (ICU) after ECPR between 2013 and 2018. Good PaCO2 management status was defined as a PaCO2 value of 35–45 mmHg. We classified patients into four groups (poor–poor, poor–good, good–poor, and good–good) according to their PaCO2 management status upon admission at the ICU and the following day. The primary outcome was a favorable neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category 1 or 2, 30 days after cardiac arrest. The secondary outcome was survival 30 days after cardiac arrest.ResultsWe classified 885 eligible patients into poor–poor (n = 361), poor–good (n = 231), good–poor (n = 155), and good–good (n = 138) groups. No significant association was observed between PaCO2 management and favorable 30‐day neurological outcomes. Compared with the poor–poor group, the poor–good, good–poor, and good–good groups had adjusted odds ratios of 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.44), 1.17 (0.65–2.05), and 0.95 (0.51–1.73), respectively. The 30‐day survival rates among the four groups did not differ significantly.ConclusionPaCO2 values were not significantly associated with 30‐day neurological outcomes or survival of patients with OHCA after ECPR.
Review of chemical characterization methods and data for compositional analysis of fruit wastes: current status and opportunities
Authors: Durán‐Aranguren Daniel D. , Posada John A. , Sierra Rocío , Mussatto Solange I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFruit waste (FW), mainly from agroindustry, is currently left behind in landfills despite its rich composition. The bioactive compounds (e.g., oils, polyphenols), carbohydrates, and lignin present in this biomass type require comprehensive characterization (i.e., identification and quantification) before they can be used as raw materials in biorefineries. This review collected information from scientific papers on FW compositional analysis methods and characterization data; the information needs to be compiled in a systematic, standardized, and comprehensive way to understand and quantify the true potential of FW as feedstocks for biorefineries. The information gathered in this review allowed us to identify the biomass fractions that could be valorized further depending on the kind of FW (peels, seeds, or seed vessels, and pomace or mixed residues). Fruit waste differs from conventional lignocellulosic biomass due to the presence of higher amounts (>5%) of extractives – pectin, and starch. This review describes current compositional analysis methodologies to identify possible strengths and weaknesses that could affect the adequate selection of valorization platforms. As no current methodology allows the composition of FW to be described thoroughly, this work identifies procedures applicable to biorefineries that use FW. Possible improvements are suggested to fill methodological gaps in the quantification of samples with large amounts of extractives and pectin. The standardization of methods for FW's quantification is fundamental for the adequate integration of different valorization platforms into biorefineries. It is essential to consider all the substances present in FW to exploit fully their potential for new value‐added molecules, including oils, polyphenols, and pectin.