bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Seismogenic Fault of the 1654 M 8.0 Tianshui Earthquake, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Peng , Shi Wei , Hu Jianmin , Yan Bing , Lu Haifeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe 1654 M 8.0 Tianshui earthquake occurred in the triangle area bounded by the West Qinling fault (WQLF) and Lixian–Luojiabao fault (LLF) in the northeastern Tibetan plateau. Previous studies reported that the LLF is the source for this earthquake based on the historical records and the Holocene fault activities. However, topographic analyses, outcrop observations, trench excavations associated with the WQLF, together with the radiocarbon dating results reveal that (1) the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake (E1) occurred in the past 470 yr, which can only correspond to the 1654 Tianshui earthquake if the historic earthquakes record is complete. This result means that the seismogenic fault, which is responsible for the 1654 Tianshui earthquake is the WQLF, rather than the LLF as previously reported; (2) the penultimate morphogenic earthquake (E2) took place in the period of 2693–760 yr Cal B.P.; (3) the third recent large earthquake (E3) occurred in the period of 10,229–6032 yr Cal B.P. with a higher probability in this range of 9005–8596 yr Cal B.P.; and (4) in consideration of the double time span of event E3 when compared with event E2 and E1, there is a possibility that another morphogenic earthquake took place in the period of 8596–6032 yr Cal B.P., and then the fourth surface-rupturing event (E4) occurred in the period of 9005–8596 yr Cal B.P. Therefore, at least three or four Holocene slipping events have occurred upon the WQLF in the past ∼9000  yr, suggesting an average recurrence interval of large earthquakes of 2250–3000 yr. The new evidence associated with the source of the 1654 M 8.0 Tianshui earthquake and the recurrence interval of large earthquakes on the WQLF will throw light on the reassessment of seismic potential in this area.
Temporal Variation in Cultural Seismic Noise and Noise Correlation Functions during COVID-19 Lockdown in Canada
Authors: Kuponiyi Ayodeji Paul , Kao Honn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 led to a widespread lockdown that restricted human activities, particularly land, air, and maritime traffic. The “quietness” on land and ocean that followed presents an opportunity to measure an unprecedented reduction in human-related seismic activities and study its effect on the short-period range of ambient noise cross-correlation functions (NCFs). We document the variations in seismic power levels and signal quality of short-period NCFs measured by four seismographs located near Canadian cities across the pandemic-defined timeline. Significant drops in seismic power levels are observed at all the locations around mid-March. These drops coincide with lockdown announcements by the various Canadian provinces where the stations are located. Mean seismic power reductions of ∼24% and ∼17% are observed near Montreal and Ottawa, respectively, in eastern Canada. Similar reductions of ∼27% and 17% are recorded in western Canada near Victoria and Sidney, respectively. None of the locations show full recovery in seismic power back to the pre-lockdown levels by the end of June, when the provinces moved into gradual reopening. The overall levels of seismic noise during lockdown are a factor of 5–10 lower at our study locations in western Canada, relative to the east. Signal quality of NCF measured in the secondary microseism frequency band for the station pair in western Canada is maximum before lockdown (late February–early March), minimum during lockdown (mid–late March), and increased to intermediate levels in the reopening phase (late May). A similar pattern is observed for the signal quality of the eastern Canada station pair, except for a jump in levels at similar periods during the lockdown phase. The signal quality of NCF within the secondary microseism band is further shown to be the lowest for the western Canada station pair during the 2020 lockdown phase, when compared with similar time windows in 2018 and 2019.
Imaging the Shallow Structure of the Yucca Flat at the Source Physics Experiment Phase II Site with Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Inversion and a Large-N Seismic Array
Authors: Alfaro-Diaz Richard , Chen Ting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Source Physics Experiment (SPE) is a series of chemical explosions at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) with the goal of understanding seismic-wave generation and propagation of underground explosions. To understand explosion source physics, accurate geophysical models of the SPE site are needed. Here, we utilize a large-N seismic array deployed at the SPE phase II site to generate a shallow subsurface model of shear-wave velocity. The deployment consists of 500 geophones and covers an area of, approximately, 2.5×2  km. The array is located in the Yucca Flat in the northeast corner of the NNSS, Nye County, Nevada. Using ambient-noise recordings throughout the large-N seismic array, we calculate horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) across the array. We obtain 2D seismic images of shear-wave velocities across the SPE phase II site for the shallow structure of the basin. The results clearly image two significant seismic impedance interfaces at ∼150–500 and ∼350–600  m depth. The shallower interface relates to the contrast between Quaternary alluvium and Tertiary volcanic rocks. The deeper interface relates to the contrast between Tertiary volcanic rocks and the Paleozoic bedrock. The 2D subsurface models support and extend previous understanding of the structure of the SPE phase II site. This study shows that the HVSR method in conjunction with a large-N seismic array is a quick and effective method for investigating shallow structures.
Characteristics of Current-Induced Harmonic Tremor Signals in Ocean-Bottom Seismometer Records
Authors: Essing David , Schlindwein Vera , Schmidt-Aursch Mechita C. , Hadziioannou Celine , Stähler Simon C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Long-lasting harmonic tremor signals are frequently observed in spectrograms of seismological data. Natural sources, such as volcanoes and icebergs, or artificial sources, such as ships and helicopters, produce very similar harmonic tremor episodes. Ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) records may additionally be contaminated by tremor induced by ocean-bottom currents acting on the OBS structure. This harmonic tremor noise may severely hinder earthquake detection and can be misinterpreted as volcanic tremor.
In a 160-km-long network of 27 OBSs deployed for 1 yr along the Knipovich ridge in the Greenland Sea, harmonic tremor was widely observed away from natural sources such as volcanoes. Based on this network, we present a systematic analysis of the characteristics of hydrodynamically induced harmonic tremor in OBS records to make it distinguishable from natural tremor sources and reveal its generation processes.
We apply an algorithm that detects harmonic tremor and extracts time series of its fundamental frequency and spectral amplitude. Tremor episodes typically occur twice per day, starting with fundamental frequencies of 0.5–1.0 Hz, and show three distinct stages that are characterized by frequency-gliding, mode-locking, and large spectral amplitudes, respectively. We propose that ocean-bottom currents larger than ∼5  cm/s cause rhythmical Karman vortex shedding around protruding structures of the OBS and excite eigenvibrations. Head-buoy strumming is the most likely source of the dominant tremor signal, whereas a distinctly different tremor signal with a fundamental frequency ∼6  Hz may be related to eigenvibrations of the radio antenna. Ocean-bottom current velocities reconstructed from the fundamental tremor frequency and from cross correlation of tremor time series between stations match observed average current velocities of 14–20  cm/s in this region. The tremor signal periodicity shows the same tidal constituents as the forcing ocean-bottom currents, which is a further evidence of the hydrodynamic nature of the tremor.
An Improved Method for Computing Broadband Green’s Functions of Surface Sources and Its Application to Inverting the Processes of the 2017 Xinmo Landslide
Authors: Qian Yunyi , Li Zhengbo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLandslides are dramatic and complex surface processes that can result in extensive casualties and property damage. The broadband seismic signals generated by landslides provide datasets essential for understanding time-dependent sliding processes. However, traditional methods for computing Green’s functions based on wavenumber integration converge very slowly for surface sources, especially at high frequencies. Usually, long-period synthetic waves with a cutoff k-integral for an approximated near-surface source are adopted for landslide studies, which may lead to artifacts. Thus, the development of efficient methods for computing the broadband Green’s functions of surface sources is important. The generalized reflection and transmission method with the peak-trough averaging technique can overcome the difficulties in wavenumber integration for surface sources, quickly converging even for high-frequency calculations. We use this improved method to compute Green’s functions for surface single-force sources and invert the force histories of the 2017 devastating Xinmo landslide in different frequency bands. The results indicate that the complex sliding process of this drastic event can be revealed by broadband signals (0.02–0.5 Hz), and that the initiation stage of this event shows a dominant frequency up to 0.2 Hz.
Oral Antiseptik Spreylerdeki Etanolün Nefeste Alkol Ölçümü Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Demirci İsmail Mehmet , Balcı Yasemin , Kadı Gülsüm , Seçkin Çetin , Tosun Kürşad 
Published: April 2021

Objective:Breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), in routine traffic control, might be higher due to reasons which effect mouth alcohol concentration. According to Highways Traffic Regulation, there is no possibility to remeasure with technical device, in case of any objection.In this study, we aimed to answer firstly how oral antiseptic sprays effect BrAC and then what correlation between BrACs and time is.
Material and Method:This study included 30 healthy volunteers’ results. In this study, three oral antiseptic sprays (OAS) which contain ethanol and electrochemical breathalyzer are used. BrAC(Tbefore)before spray use, was taken as the reference value for each subject.Subjects sprayed 3 puffs of OAS into their mouths.Following 3 puffs, the subjects kept their mouths closed and immediately underwent a breathalyzer examination to evaluate BrAC(T0).Two more examinations were conducted 3 minutes later(T3) and 5 minutes later(T5) without any use of the sprays.
Results:The highest BrAC value(4.25permille) was attained at T0 in 12 subjects; all BrAC values(before spray use) were negligible and under 0.08 permille.The BrAC median values decreased under legal limit zero as time passed by from T0 to T3 and T5.T3 values were lower than the T0 values for all OASs and all T5 values were lower than T0 and T3 values.
Conclusıons:This research study shows that OASs may alter the results of a single breathalyzer test. Based on our results, BrAC values are effected by ethanol in the oral cavity due to prior use of OAS and this explains why BrAC decrease rate is really remarkable.
KeyWords:Breath alcohol level,Oral antiseptic sprays,Breathalyzer.
Lokomotor Sistem Kısıtlılıklarında Fonksiyonel Bozukluk Oranı Cetveli Oluşturma Çalışması
Authors: Seviçin Sedat 
Published: April 2021

Objective: In this study, to emphasize the importance of evaluating locomotor system limitations in terms of functional impairment or loss of function in injury, traffic accident and occupational accident reports and to contribute to the development and updating of the existing Guidelines for wounding offenses. The aim of the study is to develop a new scale that evaluates the loss of the organ as a percentage of its function in locomotor system limitations.
Methods: The patients who applied to the forensic medicine department and were evaluated for the impairment of the locomotor system due to injury were considered as impaired or lost their function. Using the scale we developed and compared with the report results made by our department.
Results: 70 cases included in our study were re-evaluated according to the new scale. It was seen that different results occurred in 5 cases (7.1%). When these cases were examined according to the new scale, it was seen in the evaluation that in 3 cases the limitations were very close to the 10% limit of loss in terms of organ.
Conclusions: A new scale was created by using the scale of disability in order to have standardized objective criteria when evaluating the locomotor system limitations and to facilitate the physicians, which are frequently encountered in forensic medical practices. Therefore, due to limitations in organs the percentage of functional impairment was found to be more important, especially at borderline levels of functional impairment (%10) and a standardized scale should be used.
Value-Added, Energy and Technology-Capital in Central Java Industries
Authors: Wahyudi Setyo Tri , Darmawan Darmawan 
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, many industries do not depend on labor intensive, but have transformed to rely on intensive technology. Industry is considered potential strategy to raise value-added for its effort to alter raw or intermediate goods to finished goods. In this study, value-added approach is used to measure the role of technology - capital and energy. A lot of work has been done analyzing restricted variables in single study, but there is still a significant gap where research did not determine differences between measures. This paper aims to discuss the similarities of many technology – capital and energy related variables in Central Java Industries and analyzes their profile change to regional value-added from 2007 to 2017. Data related to technology – capital and energy are collected from Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik). The variables are examined using exploration factor analysis, multiple linear regression, and cluster analysis. The result shows that the energy consumption has the greatest effect on value-added rising during the study period, while technology - capital does not. Hence, policymaker should maintain the availability of energy for industries. Then, except for Kudus Regency and Semarang Municipality, policymaker should pay attention to the growth of value-added of the entire regions.
Functional outcome of galeazzi fracture dislocation treated by open reduction and internal fixation with dynamic compression plate
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Amit , Gupta Sanjeev , Mahajan Neeraj , Lone Zubair A. , Ahmed Maneer 
Published: April 2021

Background: Galeazzi fracture involves fracture of the distal 1/3rd of radius shaft associated with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation of radius is goal standard treatment. The aim of this study was done to evaluate the functional outcome of Galeazzi fracture dislocation managed by open reduction and internal fixation of radius.Methods: The study was conducted in department of orthopaedics Government Medical college Jammu from December 2018 to February 2021. 30 patients of Galeazzi fracture dislocation were managed with Open reduction and internal fixation of Radius with plating and were followed up to evaluate the results.Results: Age of the patients ranged between 23 years to 60 years with a mean range of 42 years. 22 cases were male (73.3%), 8 cases were females (26.6%). In 19 cases injury was in right side and in 11 cases injury was in left side. In most of the cases injury was due to due to RTA (80%) and in rest of cases injury was due to fall from height (20%).Conclusions: Anatomic restoration of length of the radius with rigid internal fixation is key to satisfactory results in Galeazzi fracture dislocations and K-wire fixation of distal radio ulnar joint is not necessary if anatomic reduction of the joint is obtained by indirect means such as open reduction and internal fixation of the radius and immobilization.
An observational study of clinical sequelae in COVID-19 at ESIC MCH Hyderabad
Authors: Chama Yadavendra Reddy , Chowdary Sangeetha 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackground: covid 19 a deadly pandemic affecting people in 2020 not going to leave them without sequelae.This study is aimed at studying the sequelae in patients affected with covid 19.Methods: This Prospective Observational study was done from July 2020 to October 2020 in ESIC MCH Hyderabad.The patients admitted with covid 19 symptoms were treated and discharged.The patients on their follow up in OPD were asked about the symptoms persisting. Results: A total of 100 patients 60 males and 40 females presented during the study period.Most of the patients had fatigue 75[75%],myalgia 70[70%],dyspnea50[50%],throat pain 30[30%],edema 15[15%],dvt 10[10%],abdominal pain5[5%].Some of them developed DM due to use of steroids. Conclusions: It was observed from the study that this deadly pandemic could have everlasting effect on the affected people.though people recovered from the illness patients had complaints of fatigue,myalgias,dyspnea etc.Patients having lung complications aggravated leading to fibrosis.it was observed that patients with covid infection had predilection for kidney failure,heart failure.
Surgical perspective in pseudoaneurysm of peripheral arteries: a better limb salvage option
Authors: Sinha Lakshmi , Kumar Sanjeev , Ranjan Nishit , . Rituraj 
Published: April 2021

Aneurysm involve all three layers of vessel wall. Psudoaneurysm also known as false aneurysm is a collection of blood that forms between the two outer layers of an artery. Femoral and popliteal artery aneurysms account for more than 90% of peripheral aneurysms, with popliteal artery aneurysms being the most common (70%). The estimated incidence of femoral and popliteal aneurysms is approximately 7/100,000 men and 1/100,000 women. Femoral aneurysms usually involve the common femoral artery but may occasionally extend or be limited to the superficial femoral artery (SFA) in the midthigh. Femoral and popliteal aneurysms are commonly associated with other aneurysms, with approximately 80% of patients having multiple aneurysms. Femoral and popliteal aneurysms show a high incidence of thromboembolic complications, which can result in limb loss. Pseudoaneurysm, if left untreated can result in deadly limb loss.
A case report of portal vein thrombosis and common bile duct compression in the patient having pseudocyst of pancreas and its management by percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage
Authors: Baldiwala Aafrin S. , Chandnani Rajesh G. 
Published: April 2021

Pancreatitis is a systemic disease owing to release of inflammatory mediators and digestive enzymes. Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation of the pancreas. Alcohol and gallstones are main cause of acute pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is the persistent inflammation and irreversible fibrosis associated with atrophy of pancreatic parenchyma. There are various complications associated with pancreatitis such as strictures, pancreatic necrosis, pseudo-cyst of pancreas, pancreato-cutaneous fistulas, venous thrombosis, arterial aneurysm in various arteries around pancreas etc. Common bile duct (CBD) strictures are a common complication in patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis and have a variable clinical presentation ranging from an incidental finding to overt jaundice and cholangitis. CBD strictures occur as a consequence of recurrent acute inflammatory episodes which may ultimately result in a periductal fibrotic stricture. CBD can be compressed as a result of extrinsic compression by large pseudocyst or aneurysm. The diagnosis is mostly made during investigations for abdominal pain but jaundice may be the initial clinical presentation. The jaundice is typically transient but may be recurrent with a small risk of secondary biliary cirrhosis in longstanding cases. Vascular complications in chronic pancreatitis are rare. Venous thrombosis is the most common complication of pancreatitis affecting venous system. It occurs as consequences of an inflammatory mass in head of pancreas, and splenic vein thrombosis occurs in association with chronic pancreatitis in 4-8% cases. Present case is a case of acute pancreatic collection in head of pancreas with aneurysmal small bleeding causing complete CBD compression and extensive venous thrombosis involving superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, splenic.
Assessment of level of fatigue and level of parenting efficacy among mothers of hospitalized children
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Ananya , P. Vetriselvi , Ramamoorthy Jaikumar 
Published: April 2021

Background: Fatigue is a vital concern among mothers of hospitalized children but it remains relatively unexplored. Parenting efficacy is parent’s competence in taking care of the children. The present study was aimed to assess the level of fatigue and parenting efficacy among mothers of hospitalized children and to identify the correlation between them.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 112 mothers of hospitalized children in paediatric medical ward of a tertiary care centre. Participants were recruited through convenient sampling. Socio-demographic proforma was used to collect the data concern with socio demographic details, Chalder’s fatigue scale was used to assess the level of fatigue and parenting sense of competence (PSOC) scale was used to assess the level of parenting efficacy of mothers. Distribution of demographic variables, level of fatigue and level of parenting efficacy were expressed in frequency and percentage. Correlation between the level of fatigue and level of parenting efficacy was assessed by Karl Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: Among 112 mothers 83.9% of them had moderate fatigue and only 42% had good parenting efficacy, Karl Pearson correlation had shown a negative correlation (r=-0.002). Age and occupation had shown significant association with level of fatigue (p=0.004, p=0.019 respectively).Conclusions: In order to provide family centered care to the children, strategies should be implemented in all paediatric care units to reduce fatigue and to improve parenting efficacy among mothers of hospitalized children.
Acculturative status, age, and hypertension among African American women
Authors: Webb Fern J. , Jones Christina , Jones Ross , Morga Kristen , Bilello Lori , Khubchandani Jagdish 
Published: April 2021

Background: Understanding culture’s impact on hypertension (HTN) is important since its prevalence in African American women (AAW) in the United States is among the highest. It is therefore important to know if younger AAW have similar acculturation status as older AAW when developing culturally relevant interventions. The objective of this study was to examine the association between acculturation status and age, determining whether acculturation status and age are significantly associated with hypertension among AAW.Methods: Acculturation status, age, and HTN were analyzed using data from the listening to our voices study (LOVS), a population-based observational study of 294 AAW conducted throughout Florida. LOVS was promoted via African American women research assistants trained to inform and recruit AAW living in Ft. Lauderdale, Jacksonville, Miami, and Tampa.Results: Findings demonstrate that AAW held traditional values regardless of age. Moreover, AAW of younger ages had higher average acculturation scores compared with older AAW indicating stronger agreement with traditional values, practices and beliefs. Acculturation subscale scores were not associated with HTN. AAW with HTN scored higher on the traditional food subscale compared to AAW without HTN.Conclusions: These findings indicate the significance of considering the beliefs, values, and practices of AAW when developing health interventions. Health interventions developed should be tailored toward AAW of varying ages to incorporate activities relevant to their cultural beliefs, values and practices.