bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frictional Impact Analysis in Constrained Multibody Systems
Authors: Ahmed Shakil , Lankarani Hamid M. , Pereira Manual F. O. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Analysis of impact problem in the presence of any tangential component of impact velocity requires a friction model capable of correct detection of the impact modes such as sliding, sticking, and reverse sliding. A survery of literature has shown that studies on the impact analysis of multibody systems have either been limited to the direct impact type with only a normal component of impact velocity (no frictional effect) or the ones that include friction have shown energy gains in the results due to the inherent problem in the use of Newton’s hypothesis. This paper presents a formulation for the analysis of impact problems with friction in constrained multibody mechanical systems. The formulation recognizes the correct mode of impact, i.e., sliding, sticking, and reverse sliding. The Poisson’s hypothesis is used for the definition of the coefficient of restitution, and thus the energy gains inherent with the use of Newton’s hypothesis are avoided. The formulation is developed by using a canonical form of the system equation of motion using joint coordinates and joint momenta. The use of canonical formulation is a natural way of balancing the momenta for impact problems. The joint coordinates reduces the equations of motion to a minimal set, and eliminate the complications arised from the kinematic constraint equations. The canonical form of equations are solved for the change in joint momenta using Routh’s graphical method. The velocity jumps are then calculated balancing the accumulated momenta of the system during the impact process. The impact cases are classified based on the pre-impact positions and velocities, and mass properties of the impacting systems. Analytical expressions for normal and tangential impulse are derived for each impact case. The classical problem of impact of a falling rod with the ground (a single object impact) is solved with the developed formulation, and the results are compared and verified by the solution from other studies. Another classical problem of a double pendulum striking the ground (a multibody impact) is also solved. The results obtained for the double pendulum problem confirms that the energy gain in impact analysis can be avoided by considering the correct mode of impact and using Poisson’s instead of Newton’s hypothesis.
Shape Optimization of Double Curved Arch Dams With Spline Function in Shape Description Module
Authors: Behfar Seyed M. R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Shape description is the first step of shape optimization. This paper shows the possibility of shape description with spline function for surfaces of a double curved arch dam. A mathematical formulation of the boundary of the structure is necessary for the optimization algorithm. A finite element model with 3-dimensional elements is used for structural analysis of the arch dam and its foundation. The optimization algorithm, a sequential quadratic programming (SQP), can be started from initial unfeasible points.
Stochastic Approximation Methods in Optimal Structural Design: The Use of Intermediate Variables
Authors: Marti Kurt 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reliability-based optimization methods in optimal structural design use mostly the following basic design criteria: I) Minimal weight (volume or costs) and II) high or reliability of the structure. Since, in practice, several parameters of the structure, e.g. elastic moduli, tolerances of structural dimensions, loads, are not given, fixed quantities, but random variables having a certain probability distribution P, a stochastic optimization problem will result from criteria (I), (II), which can be represented
min F(x) with F(x) := Ef(ω, x). (1)
x∇D
Stochastic approximation methods are considered for solving (1): The gradient estimators are obtained by the response surface methodology (RSM) where especially the improvement of the estimators by using so-called “intermediate” or “intervening” variables is considered.
Investigations Into the Experimental and Numerical Simulation of a Shaping Machine
Authors: Reddy Vijay , Rajeev P. T. , Ramamurti V. , Madhusudan R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the main requirements for efficient and economical material removal is optimal machine tool design. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a shaping machine using finite element method. In the first part, experimentation and computation are combined to formulate and validate the mechanical model of the shaper. A parametric study is done in the second part. The main housing along with the ram of a typical shaper is analyzed during the process of shaping. This assembly is modeled using triangular shell elements. The eigenvalues and the eigenvectors are obtained. There is an acceptable degree of agreement between analytical results and the experimental observations. The cutting force is determined experimentally and using this the response of the shaping machine is determined. The dynamic acceleration response so obtained is compared with the experimentally obtained response. An exhaustive stress analysis is done. The system is sensitive to changes in certain parameters which are identified and analyzed, with optimization of the structural weight and machining accuracy being the criteria.
Structural Topology Optimization for Forced Frequency Vibrations
Authors: Soto Ciro A. , Yang R. J. , DeVries Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work deals with the problem of computing the optimum topology of structures subject to a force frequency spectrum. The analysis is done in the frequency domain and the optimum topology is computed using the simplified density approach. Optimization formulation as well as the sensitivity analysis are discussed. An example showing the capabilities of the computational implementation is presented.
Robust Design for Fatigue Performance: Shot Peening
Authors: Esterman Marcos , Nevarez Ivan M. , Ishii Kosuke , Nelson Drew V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fatigue data usually display substantial scatter. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how simulated variation in surface treatment processing parameters and material properties affect the predicted fatigue life (mean and scatter) of a component. This is achieved by applying robust design principles to fatigue life evaluation methods, using shot peening as the representative manufacturing process for this study. Analyzing changes in the appropriate fatigue performance quality characteristic due to variations in the process parameters and material properties will identify levels of the controllable process parameters which maximize the mean fatigue performance and minimize its scatter. The simulation predictions of this study are consistent with past experimental observations which show that compressive residual stress distributions tend to increase mean fatigue life and reduce its scatter for a component. Our results extend these observations by relating the increase in mean life and the reduction in scatter to the controllable manufacturing and design parameters. In addition, the intermediate measure of compressive zone depth is identified as a possible off-line production quality check that relates directly to the component fatigue performance (mean and scatter), as well as an aid to the designer to identify an appropriate surface treatment process. This study serves as an initial step in the development of a generalized methodology that can aid engineers with design for robust fatigue performance for other manufacturing processes.
Configuration Design With Neural Networks
Authors: Chawdhry Pravir K. , Potter Stephen E. , Culley Stephen J. , Burrows Cliff R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research examines a novel application of artificial neural networks (ANN) in engineering design. A NN-based learning technique is presented for generating configuration designs from functional requirements and basic domain concepts.
With functional requirements as input, an elementary neural network can learn simple domain design rules. The output of the network is a set of complex design functions, later transformed into configurations. The application of design rules provides a strategy to enable an efficient search for acceptable design configurations.
We validate the methodology in the domain of fluid power systems by a circuit simulation and analysis package Bathfp. This research is creating new insights into the practical realisation of an automatic configuration design process. It also sheds light on novel applications of neural networks.
Cooperatively Planning Sheet Metal Bending
Authors: Bourne David A. , Gupta Satyandra K. , Kim Kyoung H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A cooperative planning system for bending sheet metal parts is presented by using a detailed example. In this example, two of subplanners (a robotic grasp planner and a tool selection planner) have conflicting results that prevent a timely solution. We show how these conflicts can be avoided by sharing constraints before the search process begins. In this discussion, we detail the decisions that are made by each of the subsystems. The resulting cooperative planner is able to solve difficult real-world planning problems, while reducing the time between design and production by 50 times from the current state of practice.
A New Numerical Approach to Model Surface Generation Through Wrapping
Authors: Oancea Victor G. , Oancea Nicolae 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several methods exist for the determination of profiles of cutting tools which work by wrapping. Most of these methods are based on the envelope theory and most often require cumbersome analytical formulations and the solution of equations not always easy to resolve. This work, based on the principle of minimal distance first proposed in a previous work of the second author, presents a new purely numerical method for the calculation of the active profile of the cutting tools which work by wrapping (direct problem) as well as for the estimation of the effectively generated surface on the workpiece when the tool is known at discrete points (inverse problem). The method can be used for any nonstandard profiles when an analytical description of the surfaces is not available. Several examples are shown for machining ball screws and parts of helical pumps.
Design for Manufacturability via Agent Interaction
Authors: Frost H. Robert , Cutkosky Mark R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We describe an approach for making the capability of manufacturing processes manifest to designers starting with the earliest stages of geometry specification. The approach involves a dialogue among design and manufacturing agents over the Internet. The dialogue focuses on the specification and exchange of process capability models for establishing “design rules on-demand” to ensure manufacturability. The models include both declarative knowledge and, for those aspects of the process that are difficult to represent declaratively, platform-independent procedural code which is automatically loaded onto the designers’ machines. The approach is being implemented using agents, written in the Java2 language, which exchange feature-based capability models. The approach is being tested initially on machining and shape-deposition processes.
IVECS: An Interactive Virtual Environment for the Correction of .STL Files
Authors: Morvan Stéphane M. , Fadel Georges M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current trends towards fully integrated digital design processes depend on the use of physical mockups. Free Form Fabrication extracts data from Computer Aided Design software and transforms them into a tangible reality. Virtual Reality (VR) provides a remarkable complement to these techniques. The system presented responds to the needs to ensure accurate data and quick prototyping by providing visualization and edition of Computer Aided Design files in a Virtual Environment. This paper expands on the use of VR to virtually prototype artifacts represented by .STL files. It describes different techniques to interact with the object in the VE. Besides manipulating the object, various methods to display the triangles generated by tessellation are detailed and ways to correct the files are illustrated.
Value Implications of Green Design: Case Study of a Videocassette
Authors: Kopp Anne-Claire , Sturges Robert H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent concern for the environment has caused growing attention to recycling, both using recycled materials to make products and recycling products after use. Although environmentalists may be eager to buy recycled/recyclable products, other consumers may not be so easily convinced. It may also be difficult to convince manufacturers that it is beneficial to develop green products. This paper supports a joint project between engineering and marketing disciplines to determine the cost and value of an environmentally designed product. Specifically, this paper evaluates the resources spent to manufacture a green videocassette in comparison with a standard videocassette by performing a resource analysis. This analysis estimates the cost, time and energy necessary to produce both videocassettes. This paper also compares the value of the videocassettes in terms of performance and physical attributes.
Computation of Voxel Maps Containing Tool Access Directions for Machining Free-Form Shapes
Authors: Tangelder Johan W. H. , Vergeest Joris S. M. , Overmars Mark H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An algorithm that derives tool access directions for machining free-form shapes is presented. A free-form shape to be machined is given by a preliminary B-spline model. We allow that the B-spline surface data are as inaccurate as the user-selected geometric accuracy of the prototype to be machined. Using surface sampling a visibility voxel map is obtained. From this map a voxel map is derived that contains per voxel a set of tool access directions. From the obtained voxel map regions can be selected that can be machined with a fixed tool access direction per region.
Genetic Planner to Support DFA Assemblability Evaluation: Insights on Integrated Design and Planning for Assembly
Authors: Sebaaly Milad Fares , Fujimoto Hideo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several Design for Assembly (DFA) methodologies have already been introduced both in research and industry, among which methodologies having quantitative assemblability evaluations are more favored in industry. The evaluation criteria involved in such quantitative measures are only concerned with the difficulty of performing assembly operations one by one. These measures are then combined by a formula to find the total product evaluation. Accordingly, the designer can improve the total assemblability by redesigning the parts that caused bad measures. It can be observed that a major effect of cascading several assembly operations in a certain order on the remaining operations to complete the product assembly is neglected by most DFA evaluation methodologies. Actually, this effect might result in serious difficulties while generating the assembly sequence usually done at a later stage in most industrial firms. To overcome these difficulties, this paper introduces some elementary insights to the integration of assembly design and planning. A systematic feature-based method is introduced to find the precedence assembly constraints and the global evaluation constraints resulting from operations cascading orders. A modified genetic algorithm that finds the best assembly sequence based on these constraints and on the traditional DFA evaluations is then introduced to be included in the DFA procedure. This genetic planner generates a more representative evaluation of the product assemblability by considering the effects of operations orders. As a result, feedback reflecting the actual assembly process difficulties can be given to the designer to improve the product design, while simultaneously generating the best sequence to assemble the product.
Gear Shaft Design Process by Using Object-Oriented Methods
Authors: Heikkinen Ari , Korpela Tapio , Leinonen Tatu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ideas introduced in this paper have been applied in a development process of a design system for a Finnish gear manufacturer, Santasalo Ltd. Main products of the company are standard catalog gears, tailored products (standard gears with special requirements of the customer) and special gears. Our first application in this project has been a manufacture oriented shaft design, which is knowledge-based and included in commercial CAD software.
Towards Life-Cycle Fastening and Joining Cost Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Shu Lily H. , Flowers Woodie C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper extends from our previous results which suggest that fastening and joining methods preferred for assembly and scrap-material recycling do not necessarily facilitate remanufacture. We identify, through collaboration with three remanufacturing companies, primary factors that determine the life-cycle fastening and joining cost of products that are remanufactured. These factors, that also determine life-cycle joint reliability, are the fastening or joining method specified during design, the disassembly and reassembly method used during remanufacture, and the repair policy. A reliability model was applied to describe the failure characteristics of the joint so that part failure and replacement costs can be estimated over a specified length of product service. We then present an illustrative sample search space and the resulting life-cycle costs. A larger search space would require the use of optimization methods to minimize life-cycle costs. The fastening and joining plan, consisting of the above three factors, is represented for genetic algorithm optimization to be used on larger search spaces in the future.
Anchoring and Adjustment Design: A User-Centered Design Strategy
Authors: Dixon Lisa A. , Colton Jonathan S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
“Anchoring and adjustment” and “deltaSpecs” are presented as concepts for modeling design scenarios in which “previous” re-design solutions form the basis for a new design. The “anchor” provides the basis for the redesign and may consist of a collection of previous design solutions (ideas, components, devices and solution principles). It represents the initial solution. The “deltaSpecs” represent the difference between the specifications for the “new” design and the current version of the design solution and guide the adjustment of the anchor toward the final solution. A case study on the design of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) illustrates the use of these concepts to describe a design development process strategy.
Configuration Design: An Integrated Approach Using Grammars
Authors: Schmidt Linda C. , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A computational approach to design that integrates conceptual design, configuration design, and catalog component selection tasks overcomes some of the barriers to successful design automation. FFREADA is a design generation and optimization algorithm featuring hierarchical ordering of grammar based-design generation processes at different levels of abstraction. FFREADA is used to design hand-held, power drills and to develop an appropriate objective function for design optimization. The drill grammar expresses a vast space of design states that are not limited to any particular functional architecture or component configuration. (The algorithm’s optimization runs operate in a space which exceeds 20249 designs.) Good drill designs, those with values within 1% of the optimal solution, are found in minutes by sampling less than 0.15% of the design states. Optimal configurations are found for drills with three different torque requirements.
Numerating Possible Design Options for Integral Attachment
Authors: Genc Suat , Messler Robert W. , Gabriele Gary A. , Bonenberger Paul R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Proliferation of plastic in parts, and the ability to mold such parts of great complexity at little cost penalty, has resulted in growing use of integral attachments (or so called snap-fits) in designs. The diversity of integral attachment features and the potential applications of this assembly method have made it appear that design possibilities may be unbounded. This paper extends an “attachment level” methodology first articulated by researchers at General Motors by enumerating all possible design options for 2-D (rectilinear) and 3-D (prismatic) polyhedral as well as 2-D and 3-D curvilinear parts using a recently developed hierarchical classification scheme. It was found that there are only 343 possible interface combinations that will allow attachment, of which only 150 are totally unique if one recognizes the interchangeability of attachment features between mating components comprising the assembly. Thus, for a seemingly infinite or unbounded group of possible real integral attachment applications, the choices are, in fact, limited to a quite manageable number. This allows designers to truly optimize a design by considering literally every possibility after working down through the classification hierarchy.
A Set-Based Approach to Stamping Designs
Authors: Lee Jinkoo , Ward Allen C. , Hu S. Jack 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a new approach to stamping designs in a concurrent engineering environment. The conventional stamping design approach is based on making iterative changes to a single design. In other words, a design has to be quickly guessed in order to proceed with the design process even if there are uncertainties in some design variables. There are two major drawbacks with this current approach: 1) one change in a part design can cause more changes to the designs for other interconnected parts; and 2) it is difficult to accomplish parallel development of stamping and tool designs, because a change to a stamping design may make obsolete the corresponding tool design. To improve ipon these drawbacks, we present a set-based approach to stamping designs in contrast to the conventional approach of making iterative changes to a single design. In this set-based approach, stamping and tool designers represent design possibilities for functional and manufacturing requirements. As the design process continues, the design possibilities are narrowed by removing impossible or infeasible designs with concrete data. As a real-world example, Toyota uses “design tolerances” for design possibilities and “lessons learned” books for manufacturable shapes that are identified through decades of experiences. This paper presents a computational tool developed to support the set-based approach, in which the computational tool contains three components: representation of sets of shapes, removal of infeasible regions, and selection of some feasible shapes for visual checking.