bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in ionic currents of respiratory neurons produce sympathetic overactivity in chronic intermittent hypoxic rats
Authors: Moraes Davi J.A. , da Silva Melina P. , Zoccal Daniel B. , Varanda Wamberto A. , Machado Benedito H. 
Published: June 2021

The coupling between respiratory and sympathetic neuronal activities is enhanced in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and contributes to the development of hypertension in this experimental model. We evaluated the mechanisms involved in the CIH‐induced changes in electrophysiological properties of medullary respiratory and pre‐sympathetic neurons. One day after the protocol of 10 days of CIH, using an in situ preparation we performed simultaneous recordings of respiratory and sympathetic nerves with blind whole cell path‐clamp of respiratory and pre‐sympathetic neurons of ventrolateral medulla. In CIH rats, the increased firing frequency of pre‐sympathetic neurons (n=27) and thoracic sympathetic activity (n=30), time‐locked with abdominal late‐expiratory activity (n=25), were dependent of synaptic inputs from respiratory neurons. Since medullary post‐ and pre‐inspiratory (pre‐I) neurons modulate the firing frequency of pre‐sympathetic neurons, we observed that the decreased and increased of intrinsic firing frequency of post‐I (n=28) and pre‐I neurons (n=28), respectively, were accompanied by changes in their input resistance and rheobase after CIH. These changes were due to increase in the inward riluzole‐sensitive persistent sodium current (iNaP; n=6) in pre‐I neurons and in the 4‐aminopyridine‐sensitive component of transient outward potassium current (TOC; n=9) in the post‐I neurons after CIH. These data describe the mechanisms underlying sympathetic overactivity, which critically depend on changes of ionic currents of medullary respiratory neurons of CIH rats.Support:FAPESP, CAPES and CNPQ.
Resveratrol blunts the positive effects of exercise training in aged men; a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled training study
Authors: Gliemann Lasse , Nyberg Michael , Biensø Rasmus S , Iversen Ninna , Olesen Jesper , Mortensen Stefan P , Schmidt Jakob F , Pilegaard Henriette , Hellsten Ylva 
Published: June 2021

Aging, as well as a physical inactive lifestyle, are well‐documented cardiovascular risk factors associated with decreased vascular function, increased tissue inflammation and increased presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resveratrol is a polyphenol with antioxidant properties claimed to have anti‐aging effects and suggested to improve general health and cardiovascular parameters by scavenging ROS.27 aged healthy inactive men (65 ± 1 years; BMI: 25.4 ± 0.7 kg 2m−1; MAP: 95.8 mmHg ± 2.2; VO2max: 2488 ± 72 mlO2 min−1) were randomized into 8 weeks of either 250 mg Resveratrol or Placebo concomitant with high intensity exercise training three times per week. Before and after the intervention period, leg hemodynamics during one‐leg knee‐extensor exercise were measured. In addition, biopsies and microdialysate were collected from the experimental leg.Training increased VO2max more in the placebo group (19 vs. 13 %; P < 0.05) and decreased MAP in the placebo group only (P < 0.05). Protein expression of eNOS was unchanged and COX‐2 increased 2 fold in skeletal muscle of both groups. eNOS uncoupling was decreased by 40 % and COX‐1 was increased by 20 % in the placebo group only (P < 0.05).These findings indicate that Resveratrol supplementation in humans blunts the positive effects of exercise training on aerobic power, blood pressure and vasoactive enzymes. Possible mechanisms include a reduction in ROS mediated signaling.
Monocarboxylate transporter expression at the onset of skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Smith Dameon , Washington Tyrone 
Published: June 2021

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are involved in lactate transport across the cell membrane and this has important implications for energetic efficiency of skeletal muscle. MCT expression is affected by mechanical overload, chronic electrical stimuli, and voluntary wheel running. However, the cellular regulation of MCT protein expression at the onset of skeletal muscle regeneration is unknown.PURPOSETo determine protein and gene expression of MCTs at the onset of skeletal muscle regeneration. Male C57/BL6 (12 weeks old) mice were randomly assigned to a control (uninjured) or bupivacaine (injured) group. Bupivacaine was injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) of the injured group and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the TA of the uninjured group. The TA was extracted 3 days post‐bupivacaine injection. A 12% decrease in TA muscle mass to tibia length (2.43 ± 0.12 mg/mm vs. 2.14 ± 0.19 mg/mm, p < 0.02) was observed. IGF‐1 and myoD gene expression increased 5.0‐fold (p < 0.05) and 3.5‐fold (p < 0.05), respectively during regeneration. MCT1 protein decreased 32% (p < 0.03); however, gene expression was not altered. There was no difference in MCT4 protein or gene expression. CD147 and PKCθ protein increased 64% (p < 0.03) and 79% (p < 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, at the onset of skeletal muscle regeneration MCT1 protein is decreased and this appears to be regulated post‐transcriptionally.
GIP Regulates Pept1 via Akt and EPAC Signaling Pathways in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Coon Steven , Schwartz John , Singh Satish 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGIP, an incretin hormone, is important in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. GIP increases dipeptide transport in both murine jejunum and intestinal cells grown in vitro. GIP activates both the cAMP and PI3 kinase pathways but the mechanism and intermediates involved in Pept1 regulation are not known.ObjectiveTo elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate GIP‐stimulated dipeptide transport.MethodsTransport and signaling pathways for GIP were determined by growing IEC6 cells on filter inserts and measuring Pept1 uptake. 3H‐GlySar (50 uM) and GIP (100 nM ) were added to the apical and basolateral side, respectively.ResultsAkt inhibitor 3 which inhibits Akt, a downstream intermediate of the PI3 kinase pathway, decreased Pept1 activity by 75% (110±10 compared to 486±39 pmol/min/mg‐protein for GIP stimulated control). To probe the cAMP pathway, we found that the EPAC agonist (8‐pCPT‐2′‐O‐Me‐cAMP‐AM, 20 nM) increased Pept1 activity (520±41 pmol/min/mg‐protein) while a PKA agonist (8‐brcAMP, 50 nM) failed to increase Pept1 activity when compared to untreated (no GIP) control (240±39 pmol/min/mg‐protein). Western blots documented significant increases in apical expression of Pept1 upon GIP stimulation.ConclusionGIP augmented Pept1 transport is consistent with a model where membrane targeting of the protein is induced by Akt and via EPAC activation by cAMP.
Subsets of fibroblasts show resistance to apoptosis independently of their interstitial lung disease origin.
Authors: Selman Moises , Vicens Vanesa , Mendoza Criselda , Montaño Martha , Ramos Carlos , Romero Yair , Molina Maria 
Published: June 2021

It has been suggested that fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are resistant to apoptosis; however, studies in other interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are scanty. We compared the levels of TNFα‐IFNγ‐Fas induced apoptosis/autophagy of fibrobroblasts from IPF, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, ILD of autoimmune diseases, and control lungs. Flow cytometry showed two types of fibroblasts in all samples: small, “spindle” shaped, and large “stellate” fibroblasts (mostly myofibroblasts). Independently of the type of ILD, large fibroblasts were significantly more resistant to TNFα‐IFNγ‐Fas induced apoptosis compared to small ones (~10% versus ~40%), and also presented decreased autophagy activity measured by LC3 conversion. Non‐stimulated large fibroblasts showed significant upregulation of antiapoptotic genes (XIAP and HMOX‐1) and downregulation of proapoptotic proteins (TNFR1, TRAIL), and after TNFα‐IFNγ‐Fas treatment the upregulation of other antiapoptotic proteins (HSP70, HSP27 and Claspin). Ultrastructural morphology after TNFα‐IFNγ‐Fas revealed profuse mitochondria in large IPF fibroblasts while numerous apoptotic bodies were observed in small cells. These findings indicate that there is a subset of fibroblasts (likely myofibroblasts) that, independently of the type of ILD, expressed antiapoptotic proteins which may confer resistance to apoptosis.SEPAR & PAPIIT 214612
Plant‐originated extract of Cucurbita Maxim Sweet prevents foregut damage induced by entero‐salivary nitrites recirculation impair via suppression of inflammatory mediators’ expression
Authors: Pshyk‐Titko Irena , Zajachkivska Oksana , Yashchenko Antonina 
Published: June 2021

Cucurbita maxim sweet seed extract (CSE), Ukrainian plant hybrid kavbuz from watermelon and pumpkin, contents high amount of beta‐carotene and bioflavonoids. Studies in vitro showed that CSE exhibits a variety of actions via antioxidant and vasotropic effects, yet the mechanism remains still unknown. In this study, to investigate the mechanism responsible for these actions, we examined the effect of CSE on changes in inflammatory mediator's expression in foregut during modeling of entero‐salivary nitrites recirculation (mESNR), an important functional cytoprotective system in foregut.Rats were used with dose‐depended treatment without/with CSE in dose 50–200 mg/kg under mESNR by acid blocks atropine (3 mg/kg), ranitidine (100 mg/kg), L‐NAME (10 mg/kg) and their combination; oral, esophageal, gastric lesions were determined by histology score index (HIS); IL‐1beta, IL‐8 via ELISA.ESNR impairment caused nonerosive hemorrhagic lesions in foregut mucosa, as well as dystrophic changes in muscular layer, accompanied by increased IL‐1beta, IL‐8 syntesis.CSE potently prevented cytolytic response to changes of ESNR, with concomitant decreasing of IL‐1beta, IL‐8; these effects of CSE were significantly abrogated by pretreatment of L‐NAME.CSE prevents mESNR‐induced foregut lesions via suppression of inflammatory mediators such as IL‐1beta, IL‐8, the important pathogenic factors in foregut.
Effect of Enalapril and Losartan on Testosterone induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in rats
Authors: PATEL SANDIP BHIKHUBHAI , PATEL VRUSHANT , CAPTAN HEMANT 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present investigation is to establish the therapeutic potential of drugs affecting Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) on Testosterone induced Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats.Animals were distributed in 5 groups (6 rats each). Group 1 receives only vehicles. Four other groups injected with Testosterone (3mg/kg) to produce BPH, Group 2 was model group, Group 3 animals were treated with Enalapril at a dose of 10mg/kg, Group 4 animals were treated with Losartan at a dose of 10mg/kg, Group 5 animals were treated with Finasteride at a dose of 5mg/kg. The drugs were administered once a day for 21 days consecutively. On 22nd day, blood samples were collected from the Retroorbital plexus, centrifuged to obtain serum for determination of various parameters. Then animals were sacrificed, prostates, Testis were weighed and histopathological studies of prostate were carried out.Enalapril and Losartan treatment showed significant inhibition of prostate enlargement, prevent the reduction in Serum Testosterone levels, reduced the level of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen, reduced the level of Serum Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, protection of histoarchitecture of prostate when compared with model group.These results suggest that ACE inhibitor and Angiotensin‐II antagonist has a definite inhibitory effect on BPH and might be an alternative medicine for treatment of human BPH.
Desensitization of the P2Y1 receptor in platelets
Authors: Blatt Tasha , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Nicholas Robert 
Published: June 2021

Understanding thrombosis is critical for effective treatment of patients at risk for heart attack and stroke. Simultaneous activation of the Gq‐coupled P2Y1 receptor and the Gi‐coupled P2Y12 receptor is required for ADP‐promoted platelet aggregation— deletion or inhibition of either receptor results in the loss of ADP‐induced aggregation. Unlike the P2Y12 receptor, the P2Y1 receptor in both mouse and human platelets undergoes profound and rapid desensitization in response to sub‐aggregating levels of ADP. We hypothesize that this rapid inactivation is specific to the P2Y1 receptor and is physiologically relevant for proper regulation of platelet hemostasis. To test the specificity of desensitization, we compared the rate of desensitization after agonist addition of the 5HT2A and TxA2 receptors, which are also Gq‐coupled, to that of the P2Y1 receptor. These data reveal that only the P2Y1 receptor rapidly desensitizes in response to its cognate agonist. To determine the residue(s) responsible for P2Y1 desensitization, we transplanted retrovirally infected bone marrow cells expressing P2Y1 receptor Ser/Thr mutants into P2Y1−/− mice to examine the desensitization of the P2Y1 receptor ex vivo. These mice will also be used to examine the physiological consequences of expressing a non‐desensitizing P2Y1 receptor by measuring thrombus formation in vivo in response to arterial vessel wall injury.(Supported by NIH grant HL54889)
Weight and width: percent fat does not improve association between adiposity and insulin
Authors: Fedewa Michael Vernon , Das Bhibha M. , Schmidt Michael D. , Evans Ellen M. 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the independent associations of waist circumference (WC), BMI, and DEXA (%FAT) with fasting insulin among college freshmen (N=232; 18.5±0.5y, 69.8% female, 68.1% Caucasian). WC, BMI, and %FAT were 74.0±8.1 cm, 23.2±3.4 kg/m2, and 28.4±8.7%, respectively. Insulin (INS) was obtained from conventional clinical methods (M=21.9±22.1 pmol/L) and log transformed to achieve normal distribution. As expected, BMI and WC were moderately associated with %FAT via DEXA (R=.66 and .65, respectively) after controlling for sex. In a sex‐adjusted linear regression model, BMI accounted for 7.1% of the variation in INS (p<0.001, R=.27). The addition of WC improved the prediction of INS, as explained variance increased by 3.8% (p<0.05). However, the further addition of %FAT did not significantly improve the prediction of INS (ΔR2=1.3%, p>;0.05). Our results suggest that conventional clinical anthropometric measures, BMI and WC, provide adequate predictive value when used to measure the association between adiposity and fasting insulin, and including %FAT does not significantly improve the association with metabolic risk in college freshmen.Grant Support: USDA 2008–55215‐18825
Clavicular brown adipose tissue has a different origin from the perirenal depot that is indicative of muscle related lineage
Authors: Symonds Michael E , Pope Mark , Birtwistle Mark , Budge Helen 
Published: June 2021

Multiple evidence from human studies indicates that the primary sites for brown adipose tissue in humans are the bilateral clavicular depots. In this study we aimed to identify an analogous region in the young sheep and whether it contained microRNA (MIR) specific to muscle or adipose tissue. This was compared with perirenal‐abdominal adipose tissue which represents the major fat depot in young sheep.Four triplet‐bearing mothers were entered into the study and a randomly selected triplet euthanased at 1, 7 or 28 days of age for adipose tissue sampling. Gene expression for target genes was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.MIR 206 was highly abundant in skeletal muscle and was also detectable in BAT sampled from the clavicular but not perirenal depot at all sampling ages. This was despite an age related decline in UCP1 and related genes, whereas gene expression of RIP140 increased with age.Our study suggests a different cell lineage in clavicular adipose tissue compared with other BAT depots in the young sheep. Despite showing beige characteristics with increasing age, retention of some muscular origins may mean it is more response to environmental challenges aimed at promoting BAT function. The young sheep, therefore, provides a novel model for examining the developmental process of adipose transformation in early life.
Beat to beat pulse oximetry vs. standard averaging techniques during high altitude sleep
Authors: Wentz Robert James , Issa Amine , Taylor Bryan , Kasak Alex , Summerfield Doug , Johnson Bruce 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPulse oximetry is often used as a screening technique for detection of sleep apnea. Most pulse oximetry companies use averaging algorithms to help reduce noise; however averaging also tends to attenuate high and low values. Most, if not all healthy individuals, develop periodic breathing at high altitude.ObjectiveTo determine the influence of a typically used averaging technique on the capture of oxygen desaturations during a night at high altitude.MethodsData from a recent Mount Everest expedition are presented in 2 individuals wearing a Nonin 3150 that allowed beat by beat measures of SaO2 relative to their traditional averaging algorithm. Data include 2 complete nights comprised of 5 hours or greater of artifact free data at approximately 18, 000 feet.ResultsThe table shows the difference in desaturation profiles between standard and beat to beat data. A desaturation was defined as a drop in SaO2 of 4% or greater.ConclusionDuring a night at high altitude beat to beat SaO2 data detects more desaturation events and shows ~2 % difference in nadir depth as well as a ~ 5 second faster detection time. This may be important when attempting to screen for patients with expected sleep apnea. Research supported by Mayo Clinic and TNF.
Back to scratch: hands‐on home cooking increases ethnic produce consumption among elementary school students from low‐income ethnically diverse families
Authors: Chen Qiong , Goto Keiko , Wolff Cindy , Bianco‐Simeral Stephanie , Gruneisen Kristin , Gray Katharine 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluated the effectiveness of a four month school intervention among K‐2 students.MethodsMixed methods of pre/post‐surveys and focus groups were used to evaluate the intervention. K‐2 students and their parents from four intervention and two control schools participated in the study. A total of 592 intervention students participated in classroom food demonstrations and tasting activities using seven locally grown food recipes primarily featuring Latino and Hmong cultures. Students received a food kit containing ingredients to take home for each recipe. Generalized estimating equations were used for survey data analysis. Data from parent focus groups were analyzed based on the principles of grounded theory.ResultsBoth quantitative and qualitative results revealed that intervention students increased familiarity, preference, and consumption of the featured vegetables, and significantly increased their involvement in food preparation at home. Qualitative results showed that children's involvement in food preparation resulted in an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. In addition, the intervention helped parents further appreciate local and/or ethnic produce from different cultural groups.ConclusionsPromoting locally grown ethnic produce to K‐2 children is effective in increasing their involvement in food preparation and consuming a variety of vegetables at home.
Exclusive breastfeeding in the first 24 hours postpartum associated with improved breastfeeding outcomes of low‐income, overweight and obese women
Authors: Chapman Donna , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 24 hours (EBF24) postpartum (pp) and breastfeeding (BF) outcomes of overweight/obese women, using data from a randomized trial evaluating a peer counseling intervention (vs usual care). Demographic, biomedical and infant feeding data were collected at birth and monthly through 6 months pp. Bivariate and Cox survival analyses identified predictors of any and EBF through 6 months pp. 45% of women in both the intervention and control groups EBF24, with no effect of the intervention on BF/EBF rates, thus we did not control for study group. Puerto Ricans (vs. others) were significantly less likely to EBF24 (p<0.01). There were no baseline differences in BF self‐efficacy or other relevant covariates between those who did (n=51) vs did not (n=66) EBF24. Adjusted Cox survival analyses showed those who EBF24 were more likely (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.11–3.0) and Puerto Ricans were less likely (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.26–0.69) to continue any BF in the first 6 months pp. Participants who EBF24 were more likely to report EBF in the past day or week at months 1 – 4 pp (all p<0.05). These preliminary findings suggest that maternity care practices during the first 24 hours pp are significantly associated with BF outcomes.Funded by Donaghue Medical Research Foundation and NIH/NCMHD grant P20MD001765
Fatty acid bioavailability study of single oral doses of milled chia seed snack clusters or chia seed oil in healthy subjects
Authors: Nieman David Christopher , Gillitt Nicholas D , Knab Amy M. , Cialdella‐Kam Lynn , Jin Fuxia 
Published: June 2021

Chia seeds are a rich source of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), but the acute plasma ALA response to chia seed or chia seed oil ingestion has not yet been determined. Female subjects (N=16, 20 to 45 y) reported to the lab after an overnight fast on 3 separate occasions and ingested, in random order by visit, a snack cluster (PL), snack cluster with 8 g milled chia seed (CS; 1.3 mg ALA), or chia seed oil (CSO; 1.3 mg ALA). A catheter was placed in an antecubital vein, and blood samples were taken at pre‐ingestion and postingestion (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 6 h) during which the subjects rested and ingested a 550 kcal breakfast at post‐1.75 h. Subjects returned to the lab to provide a 24 h sample. Blood samples were analyzed for ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using GC‐MS. A 3 × 8 repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect for ALA (P<0.001) but not for EPA (P=0.581) or DHA (P=0.445). ALA in CS (↑82%) and CSO (↑91%) increased significantly 2.5 h post‐ingestion and stayed elevated above PL with some attenuation at 3.5 h, dropping to pre‐ingestion levels at 24 h. In conclusion, these bioavailability data indicate that 1.3 mg ALA from CS or CSO nearly doubles plasma ALA levels within 2.5 h ingestion, staying elevated for several hours, and then falling to pre‐ingestion levels without conversion to EPA or DHA within 24 h.Funded by Dole Food Company, Inc.
Mast cell deficiency induces inflammation and exacerbates inflammatory bowel symptoms in IL10−/− mice
Authors: Zhang Hanying , Xue Yansong , Wang Hui , Huang Yan , McCormick Richard J , Means Warrie J , Du Min , Zhu Meijun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe interleukin 10 deficient (IL10−/−) mice has abnormal intestinal immune responses against enteric antigens, leading to sustained inflammation, and develops inflammatory bowel disease spontaneously. Mast cells abundantly present under gut epithelium and are critical for gut immune response. The objective is to test the role of mast cells in gut inflammation and barrier function using IL10−/− mice.MethodsMast cell deficient (KitW‐sh/W‐sh) mice were crossbred with IL10−/− mice to obtain double knockout (DKO) mice. Mucosal damage and colitis status were compared between DKO and their IL10−/− littermates.ResultsMast cell deficiency enhanced gut mucosal damage and colitis as revealed by increased gut permeability and impaired tight junction protein expression, increased pathobiological score, higher myeloperoxidase content and pronounced goblet cell loss in DKO mice. In addition, DKO mice showed splenomegaly and elevated serum TNFα and INF levels, indicating exaggerated systemic inflammation. Consistently, the colon of DKO mice demonstrated enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress.ConclusionsMast cell deficiency induced systemic inflammation, and inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon, which might explain the impaired gut barrier function and severe colitis in DKO mice. NIH 1R15HD073864; INBRE P20RR016474; USDA 2008–35203‐19084; 2009–65203‐05716