bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Overlapping Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanofibrils and Nanoclay Layers on Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Spray-Coated Papers
Authors: de Oliveira Maria Luiza Cafalchio , Mirmehdi Seyedmohammad , Scatolino Mário Vanoli , Júnior Mario Guimarães , Sanadi Anand Ramesh , Damasio Renato Augusto Pereira , Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work proposes to evaluate the effect of spray-coating in papers using eco-friendly cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanoclay (NC) on mechanical and barrier properties for application as reinforced bags. Sack kraft papers of 60 g m-² (C60) were coated with CNFs + CNFs/NC in 4 layers (L5), 40 g m-² of CNFs + CNFs/NC in 3 layers (L4), 30 g m-² with CNFs/NC in 2 layers (L3) and 10 g m-² of CNFs in 1 layer (L2), and compared to uncoated sack kraft papers with basis weight of 60 g m-² (C60), 80 g m-² (C80) and 120 g m-² (C120). The coated papers L2; L3; L4 and L5 obtained a decrease in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 3.5%; 17%; 14% and 14%, respectively, when compared to C60. Comparing L2 and L3, CNF layer induced lower contact angles on the coated paper than CNF/NC layer. When compared coated papers with C120, it was observed an increase of around 66% in tensile strength for L2, around 44% for L3, and decrease of ~ 18% for L5 coated papers. L4 achieved the same tensile strength (when divided by basis weight) than C120. L2 and L3 coated papers led to the highest values of Young’s modulus, with increase of 56% and 38%, respectively, when compared to C60. Spray-coating in the present conditions improved the mechanical and barrier properties of the coated papers, being a possible alternative to produce papers with lower basis weight and using renewable raw materials.
Regular Home Health Care Visits Reduce Health Expenditure Among Home Care Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Community Hospital in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Chou Tzu-Jung , Peng Jen-Kuei , Chen You-Ling , Chang Hao-Hsiang , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Huang Kuo-Chin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In response to the rapidly aging population with anticipated growth of chronic disabling diseases, the National Health Insurance program in Taiwan has established home health care services since 1995. Medically and functionally compromised elders with multiple chronic conditions, tend to have increased need for home health care (HHC) and higher medical costs. Our study aimed to identify health expenditure and its influencing factors among home care patients and to clarify whether regular HHC visits reduce health expenditure.Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study on individuals receiving HHC was conducted at National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch from 2010 to 2015. Patients aged < 20 years, did not receive HHC for at least 6 months, or did not receive regular hospital care at our healthcare system were excluded. The patient characteristics, health service utilization, and health expenditure were collected. Total health expenditure was defined as the sum of outpatient clinic, emergency department and hospitalization cost. Considering the distribution of costs data was highly skewed, a generalized linear model was applied to estimate the impact patient factors on healthcare expenditure.Results: A total of 1,285 home care patients, mean age 79.4±12.9 years and males 50.9%, were enrolled. The majority (85%) of the study population were totally dependent in daily activities with Barthel index 0-20, and had Charlson comorbidity index score≥4. The median monthly total expenditure per person was US$737 (IQR, 229-1,935), which broke down to US$414 (IQR,56-1,234) for hospitalization, US$170 (IQR,73-369) for outpatient clinic, and US$60 (IQR, 9-150) for emergency department. Home care patients with higher need for nursing services utilization (p<0.05), indwelling tracheostomy tube (p<0.05), underlying neoplasm (p<0.05), or registry of catastrophic illness certificate (p<0.001), had higher health expenditure. On the other hand, regular HHC visits significantly lowered total health expenditure (p<0.001).Conclusions: Patient characteristics that incurred higher health expenditure were identified, whereas regular HHC visits have a potential role to reduce expenditure in the disabled homebound population. The visit number and frequency of HHC should be taken into account when making reimbursement policy in order to provide a sustainable and cost-effective HHC program.
White Matter is Increased in the Brains of Adults With Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Wang Su , Friedman Jan M. , Suppa Per , Buchert Ralph , Mautner Victor-Felix 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by increased Schwann cell proliferation in peripheral nerves. Several small studies of brain morphology in children with NF1 have found increased total brain volume, total white matter volume and/or corpus callosum area. Several studies (mostly in children with NF1) also attempted to correlate changes in brain morphology and volume with cognitive or behavioural abnormalities, though findings were inconsistent. We aimed to characterize alterations in brain volumes by three-dimensional (3D) MRI in adults with NF1 in major intracranial sub-regions. We also aimed to assess the effect of age on these volumes and correlated brain white matter and grey matter volumes with neuropsychometric findings in adults with NF1.Methods: We obtained brain volume measurements using 3D magnetic resonance imaging for 351 adults with NF1 and, as a comparison group, 43 adults with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) or Schwannomatosis. We assessed a subset of 19 adults with NF1 for clinical severity of NF1 features and neurological problems and conducted psychometric testing for attention deficiencies and intelligence quotient. We compared brain volumes between NF1 patients and controls and correlated volumetric measurements to clinical and psychometric features in the NF1 patients. Results:Total brain volume and total and regional white matter volumes were all significantly increased in adults with NF1. Grey matter volume decreased faster with age in adults with NF1 than in controls. Greater total brain volume and white matter volume were correlated with lower attention deficits and higher intelligence quotients in adults with NF1.Conclusion:Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dysregulation of brain myelin production is a cardinal manifestation of NF1 and that these white matter changes may be functionally important in affected adults.
New Unknown Sars-Cov-2 Virus Variants and Hidden Pandemics Within Them in Developing Countries
Authors: Ghasemi Shohreh , Dashti Mahmood 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is not known whether one or a combination of different mutations will alter the viral clinical and epidemiological manifestations, transmissibility, virulence, or efficacy of the vaccine. Transmission of the new variant by asymptomatic carriers is also unknown. Vaccines or antiviral agents have not yet induced the pressure of the mutation; however, other mutations are anticipated after global vaccination and after the introduction of proven therapies. Thus, a willingness to rapidly emerge new options is prudent. Less virulent but highly heritable variants can also be expected, which may contribute to herd immunity. There is a need to develop clinical and rapid laboratory tests to monitor vaccinated individuals for secondary infection potentially caused by the new variant. Importantly, restrictive countermeasures, spatial distancing, personal hygiene, travel bans, and facial disguises remain relevant in the fight against the virus.
Three-Dimensional CT Mapping of Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Zhou Haichao , He Wenbao , Li Zhendong , Xu Shaochen , Xiao Fajiao , Huang Hui , Zhang Yingqi , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Intra-articular calcaneal fracture is a challenge for surgeons, which must be understood to provide optimal treatment. The aim of this study was to define the distribution of the primary fracture line and the secondary fracture line of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Methods: All X-rays and CT scans of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were collected from January 2014 to July 2020. According to the classification of Essex-Lopresti, these fractures were divided into tongue-fracture group and compression-fracture group. Construct 3D models of intra-articular calcaneal fractures in all patients, and record the location of all fracture lines, which were marked and integrated on the 3D model of intact calcaneus after virtual reduction. Heat mapping were created based on the occurrence frequency of fracture lines. Results: A total of 171 patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures were included in this study, 4 of whom were bilateral. There were 87 cases in the tongue-fracture group, 37 cases (42.5%) involved 4 anterior articular surface, 16 cases (18.4%) involved middle articular surface, and 52 cases (59.8%) involved calcanecuboid articular surface. There were 88 cases in the compression-fracture group, including 43 cases (48.9%) involving anterior articular surface, 21 cases (23.9%) involving middle articular surface, and 63 cases (71.6%) involving calcanecuboid articular surface. Conclusion: The distribution of the primary fracture line and the secondary fracture line of intra-articular calcaneal fractures has a certain rule and correlation. Whether in tongue-fracture group or compression-fracture group, the fracture line is most often involves the calcanecuboid articular surface, followed by anterior articular surface, at least involves middlearticular surface. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of calcaneal injury mechanism, construction of biomechanical model, and choice of surgical approach.
Metformin Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury by Switching M1/M2 Phenotypes and Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Jin Weipeng , Xu Xin , Yin Dongpei , Zhou Shuai , Li Fei , Zhou Ziwei , Zhang Jing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) always lead to inflammatory responses unregulated characterized by excessive leukocytes infiltration, microglia activation and neuronal apoptosis. Metformin, recognized as an activator of AMPK, had been reported to exert protective effects in TBI models. However, whether metformin treatment switches post-TBI-induced microglia/macrophage polarization and its mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated.Methods: Firstly, we established a C57BL/6J mouse TBI model receiving an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg metformin daily from 2h post-injury until sacrifice to assess the leukocytes infiltration, microglial polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation. Then, BV2 cells were pretreated with metformin for 2 hours followed by stimulated with LPS to determine the effects of metformin on microglial polarization and its mechanism. Results: We demonstrated that post-TBI metformin administration switched microglial M1 to M2 polarization and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation, thus reducing neurological deficits, brain edema, cells death and leukocytes infiltration at day 3 after TBI. Then, these findings were further confirmed in BV2 cell experiments, in which these protective effects mediated by metformin was lessened by the administration of Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor.Conclusion: Metformin may be a potential therapeutic method to improve neurological recovery following TBI, partly by regulating microglia M1/M2 polarization and inhibiting NLPR3 inflammasome activation dependent on the activation of AMPK.
Climate Data for Field Trials: Onsite Micro Stations Versus ClimateNA
Authors: Ye Zhengyang , O’Neill Gregory , Wang Tongli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies in diverse environmental fields require accurate climate data for point locations that are often distant from reliable public weather stations. ‘Onsite’ micro weather stations can be established directly at research locations, but purchase, establishment, and maintenance costs and data gaps can limit their feasibility. Alternatively, climate data for point locations can be predicted from ClimateNA, a publicly available software package, but the prediction accuracy in remote and mountainous locations is uncertain.
Results
We compared ClimateNA predictions with observations from onsite weather stations located at 11 interior spruce provenance trials in British Columbia, Canada. We found that ClimateNA predictions were highly accurate for temperature variables (average prediction error 0.77°C; most R2 values > 0.99) but moderate for precipitation variables (average prediction error 27mm; 0.21 < R2 values < 0.58) when compared with onsite weather data (with random errors identified). Growth response functions developed with the two data sources showed similar patterns for temperature variables.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that 1) temperature variables can be accurately predicted at remote and mountainous locations using ClimateNA; 2) precipitation variables are more accurately predicted with ClimateNA than with onsite weather stations, which were considerably affected by random factors; and 3) response functions provide an effective, independent tool to assess alternative sources of climate data. Our results recommend the use of ClimateNA over onsite weather stations, except where highly accurate precipitation data are required, in which case, high-quality onsite weather stations must be established and carefully maintained.
WZ35 Induces Metabolic Reprogramming of Hepatoma Cells Through ROS-Mediated Inhibition of YAP-GLUT1 Axis
Authors: Wang Lihua , Zhu Zheng , Liang Qi , Tao Yecheng , Chen Junbo , Jin Gaowei , Zhong Yaoyao , Dai Jichen , Dai Ruixia , Wang Zhixiang , Zhou Lingjie , Ke Shouyu , Lin Xiaokun , Lan Linhua , Chen Tongke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The significant changes in a series of biochemical activities during the process of tumorigenesis and development, including those in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism can contribute to the ability of the cancer cells to proliferate indefinitely. WZ35 is a new small molecule YAP inhibitor, which can mediate YAP activity to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, we explored how WZ35 can modulate YAP activity to influence the metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to inhibit their proliferation activity. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and preclinical mouse model was utilized to detect the differential expression and vital role of YAP in HCC cells. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the antitumor activity of WZ35 and how it can target YAP activity to inhibit the tumor progression. UCSC combined JASPAR public databases were used to predicted possible binding sites of TEAD on GLUT1 promoter. Additionally, seahorse energy metabolism experiments and metabolomics analysis were utilized to explore the possible metabolic changes induced by WZ35. The clinical use of YAP and GLUT1 was verified by bioformatics and tissue microarrays of immunocytochemistry. Results: WZ35 can significantly attenuate the proliferation and growth of HCC. In terms of mechanism(s), it was demonstrated that the suppressive effects of WZ35 on YAP were achieved by promoting ROS production and the drug can exert its significant YAP inhibitory capacity to decrease the level of GLUT1, a glucose transporter located on the surface of cytomembrane, thereby resulting in a significant decrease in the ability of cells to take up glucose and thus perturb the metabolism. Moreover, through bioinformatics mining, it was proposed that YAP/GLUT1 has the potential to serve as promising target for HCC therapy. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that potential inhibitory effects of WZ35 were achieved by affecting the ROS-YAP-GLUT1 signal axis to induce the metabolic reprogramming of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. YAP/GLUT1 could serve as an important molecular target for both the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Report on the Real Structure of Benzene Molecules and the Thickness of Graphene
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Dulun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The problem of the benzene molecular structure has not been solved for a long time. This research proposes a new concept of covalent bonds based on the existing theory: each electron shared by the nucleus corresponds to a half-valent bond, and a half-valent bond can be formed between interval carbon atoms of the benzene ring. A new theory was established. Quantum mechanical calculations results can quantitatively explain experimental results, such as the hydrogenation heat and ultraviolet spectroscopy of benzene. It has solved more than one hundred years of difficult problems. The design of the new structural forms of benzene molecules shows half-valent bonds with dotted lines, which have a wide range of adaptability, and shows the structural forms and reaction formulas of more than dozens of benzene homologs and derivatives. Under the guidance of the new theory, the stacked three-dimensional structure of benzene was explored. The thickness of the three-layer benzene tube is calculated to be almost equal to the thickness of the graphene. Therefore, it is speculated that graphene may be a three layer structure.
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Are Associated With Hypoxemia After Surgery for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: an Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Like , Zhang Lei , Zhao Zengren , Liu Yun , Wang Juzeng , Niu Mengye , Zhao Xiansheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to explore whether or to what extent metabolic syndrome (METs) and its components were associated with hypoxemia in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients after surgery.Methods: This study involved 271 inpatients who underwent surgery. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Subgroup analysis, mixed model regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed, and a scoring system was evaluated.Results: The 271 inpatients were assigned to the hypoxemia group (n = 48) or no hypoxemia group (n = 223) regardless of METs status. Compared to the no hypoxemia group, the hypoxemia group had a higher incidence of METs. Hypoxemia was present in 0%, 3.7%, 19.8%, 51.5%, 90.0% and 100% in the groups of individuals who met the diagnostic criteria of MetS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, BMI quartile was still a risk factor for hypoxemia after adjustment for other risk factors. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, METs was an independent risk factor for hypoxemia in several models. After assigning a score for each METs component present, the AUCs were 0.852 (95% CI: 0.789–0.914) in all patients, 0.728 (95% CI: 0.573–0.882) in patients with METs and 0.744 (95% CI: 0.636–0.853) in patients without METs according to receiver operating characteristic analysis.Conclusions: METs, especially body mass index, confers a greater risk of hypoxemia in ATAAD after surgery.
New data on the distribution and abundance of Dendrolimus sibiricus (Tshetverikov, 1908) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in the Komi Republic.
Authors: Lukin Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Siberian silkworm (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.) is a defoliator pest that poses a significant threat to coniferous forest stands. Over the past decades, several large outbreaks of this species have occurred in Siberia (Russia), which has led to changes in forest ecosystems and an increase of expenses involved in reforestation. Adults capture new territories in the process of migration, therefore, a set of measures is needed to register the number and prevent further dispersal of the moth. One of methods of trapping is glue traps with synthetic pheromone. 16 district forestries located in the middle taiga subzone, with a total area of 151 850 hectares, were surveyed as a part of the phytosanitary monitoring of the Siberian silkworm in the Komi Republic (Russia). Analysis of 773 pheromone traps showed 414 males of the target species that were identified by their genitals. The highest indicators of catchability were found in three district forestries. Taking into account the results obtained, it was proposed to continue the monitoring using the pheromone traps, to survey more northern forest districts and to carry out subsequent searches for preimaginal stages of the silkworm in the forest districts of Priluzsky district. The study will be useful for predicting the further spread of the silkworm and for developing optimal containment and control of the pest.
ISG20L2 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Facilitates the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer via Glycolysis
Authors: Wei Jianming , Gao Xibo , Ren Bingbing , Sun Daqing , Liu Tong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) in western populations, and PC is also a cause of T2DM. However, the association of glucose metabolism between T2DM and PC remains unclear. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by bioinformatic analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE20966 and GSE16515, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the Kaplan-Meier (KM) Plotter and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were applied. Pancreatic cancer cell lines and primary PDAC samples were used. Cell culture, immunohistochemistry (IHC), siRNA transfection, Western blot, RT-PCR, and migration assay, animal xenograft model studies and statistical analysis were performed in this study. Results: We identified 64 DEGs in GSE20966 of T2DM, and 296 DEGs were identified in GSE16515 of pancreatic cancer, respectively. T2DM-DEGs were mainly enriched in synaptic vesicle cycle, protein export. KEGG pathways in pancreatic cancer included spliceosome, RNA transport. Here, ISG20L2 was identified as only a co-expressed gene between T2DM and PDAC. We found that the expression of ISG20L2 was associated with tumor immune cell infiltration. ISG20L2 was significantly upregulated in PDAC and associated with prognosis of PDAC patients. Moreover, ISG20L2 expression was regulated by GLUT1, HK2, LDHA, PKM1 and PKM2 related with glycolysis in PDAC. ISG20L2 promoted PDAC cell proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This study showed that ISG20L2 promoted the progression and ISG20L2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy in PDAC.