bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical noise studies on complex galvanic corrosion of submarine cable armor layer in artificial seawater
Authors: Guo Rui , Yang Peng , Mao Feixiong , Li Jinlong , Chen Lei , Yu Guojun , Macdonald Digby 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper aims at studying the complex galvanic corrosion of galvanized steel/red copper of submarine cable armor layer in simulated seawater environments. The variation of the galvanic corrosion rate of the cable armor layer as a function of time under different environmental factors (pH, [Cl−], dissolved oxygen, etc.) has been explored. The surface morphology of the galvanized steel after galvanic corrosion was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that galvanized steel and red copper are susceptible to galvanic corrosion when ohmically coupled in NaCl solution. Red copper, with the more positive electromotive potential, acts as the cathode in the galvanized steel/red copper galvanic couple and accelerates the corrosion of the galvanized steel. The galvanic effect of red copper on galvanized steel in NaCl solution increases with the increasing [H+] and dissolved oxygen. However, with increasing [Cl−], the galvanic effect of red copper on galvanized steel initially increases but then decreases, resulting in a maximum in the corrosion rate.
Resveratrol Improves Follicular Development of PCOS Rats by Regulating the Glycolytic Pathway
Authors: Liang Aihong , Huang Lan'e , Liu Huiqing , He Weiguo , Lei Xiaocan , Li Meixiang , Li Suyun , Liang Hongxing , Chen Gang , Tang Jinru , Chen Fengyu , Cao Xiting , Wang Yiyao , Shen Xiaobu , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2021

ScopePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder that can cause infertility; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ill‐defined, and there are no available drugs or strategies for the treatment of PCOS. This study examined the therapeutic effect of resveratrol in a rat model of PCOS.Methods and ResultsPCOS is induced in rats by administration of letrozole and a high fat diet to determine whether resveratrol has a protective effect. Oral administration of resveratrol significantly decreased body weight, as well as the serum levels of testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone. Resveratrol improved the estrous cycle by restoring the thickness and number of granular cells. Resveratrol increased the levels of lactate and ATP, decreased pyruvate levels, and restored the glycolytic process, upregulating LDHA, HK2, and PKM2. Resveratrol also upregulated SIRT2, thereby modulating the expression of rate‐limiting enzymes of glycolysis.ConclusionResveratrol suppressed damage to the ovaries in PCOS rats by restoring glycolytic activity, providing potential targets for the treatment of PCOS.
Recent advances in Ni‐Fe (Oxy)hydroxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte targeting industrial applications
Authors: Yu Zheyin , Bai Ying , Tsekouras George , Cheng Zhenxiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to its high gravimetric energy density, abundance, wide applicability, and potential to be a zero‐carbon emission energy carrier, hydrogen is considered to be highly important for future sustainability. Currently, 96% of hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, with relatively low purity and high associated CO2 emissions. Only 4% of hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis with high purity mainly due to the inefficiency of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore developing high performance OER electrocatalysts for water electrolysis powered by renewables is an urgent and crucial task for long‐term sustainability. Recently, low‐cost Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxides have demonstrated high OER activities and great potentials for hydrogen production through water electrolysis. This review commences with discussion of the mechanism of the OER and OER evaluation criteria. This is followed by a brief history of Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxides. Most importantly, the recent development of Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxide OER electrocatalysts in terms of material design, synthesis methods, morphology, and electrochemical performance, is comprehensively reviewed. In addition, in‐situ techniques for the characterization of Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxide OER electrocatalysts are introduced. Finally, strategies for the rational design of improved Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxide OER electrocatalysts for industrial water electrolysis are also discussed.
Pediatric malnutrition screening and assessment tools: Analyzing the gaps
Authors: Becker Patricia J. , Brunet‐Wood M. Kim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPediatric healthcare professionals know that children who are malnourished have worse clinical outcomes than do their well‐nourished peers. The body of evidence in the literature on the topic of pediatric malnutrition (PMN) is growing and supports this conclusion. The goal of this article is to present the current state of practice related to PMN screening, the use of malnutrition risk screening (MNRS) tools, malnutrition assessment, and the use of malnutrition assessment tools. The purpose is also to discuss best practice for MNRS and assessment and to consider the gaps in practice where additional work is needed.
Nursing students’ experiences of applying problem‐based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration: An interview study
Authors: Allert Camilla , Dellkvist Helén , Hjelm Markus , Andersson Ewa K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo explore nursing students’ experiences of applying problem‐based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration.DesignThe study used a qualitative descriptive design.MethodThe data were collected using individual interviews with a purposive sample of 11 students and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe students’ experiences of applying problem‐based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration were described in two generic categories: prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration and abilities practised in the base group. The generic category “prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration” includes three subcategories: previous experience and education, composition of the base group, and common goals and values in the base group. The generic category “abilities practised in the base group” includes four subcategories: taking personal responsibility, practising role distribution and leadership, developing communication skills and creating togetherness in the base group.
Ammonium polyphosphate surface‐modified with l‐lysine as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin
Authors: Cheng Chen , Lu Yanling , Cai Junfeng , Yan Jun , Li Shaojie , Du Shiguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo improve the flame retardance and compatibility of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via an environmentally friendly method, l‐lysine (Lys), a bio‐based amino acid, was selected as the surface‐modifier for APP in this work. Lys‐modified APP (L‐APP) was prepared through the cation exchange reaction, and its morphology and chemical composition were characterized comprehensively. The characterization results demonstrated the fabrication of Lys shell structure on the surface of APP. Additionally, the thermogravimetric analysis illustrated that the char‐forming ability of APP was significantly improved by the Lys shell structure. The flame retardance of APP and L‐APP on epoxy resin (EP) was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL‐94), and cone calorimeter tests (CCT). The results showed that EP blending with 15 wt% L‐APP (EP/L‐APP15) passed V‐0 rating, and got an LOI value of 31.7%. In the CCT, compared to the pristine EP, the peak heat release rate and total smoke production of EP/L‐APP15 were decreased by 77.6% and 47.1%, respectively. It was confirmed that the good flame retardance and smoke suppression performance of L‐APP can be attributed to the phosphorus‐containing intumescent char residuals formed during combustion process. The tensile strain tests were conducted to assess the mechanical properties of EP composites. The results demonstrated that compared to pristine APP, L‐APP possessed weakened impact on the tensile strain property of EP, which was beneficial to the practical application.
Immune cell infiltrates and prognosis in localized prostate cancer†
Authors: Sfanos Karen S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiple lines of evidence indicate that quantification of immune cell infiltrates in primary prostate cancer can predict outcomes after radical prostatectomy, including biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and death from prostate cancer. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Andersen et al explored the predictive value of cancer tissue infiltration of seven immune cell types (mast cells, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, B cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells) in association with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. In addition to reporting a potential association between cancer‐infiltrating regulatory T cells and M1 and M2 macrophages and biochemical recurrence, the study also highlighted the use of multiplex digital pathology analyses to assess adverse predictors of prostate cancer outcomes. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allergies, genetic polymorphisms of Th2 interleukins, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The ESTELLE study
Authors: Ajrouche Roula , Chandab Ghinaj , Petit Arnaud , Strullu Marion , Nelken Brigitte , Plat Geneviève , Michel Gérard , Domenech Carine , Clavel Jacqueline , Bonaventure Audrey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextA negative association between a history of allergy and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been reported in previous studies, but remains debated. This work aimed to investigate this association accounting for genetic polymorphisms of the Th2 pathway cytokines (IL4, IL10, IL13, and IL4R).MethodsAnalyses were based on the French case‐control study ESTELLE (2010‐2011). The complete sample included 629 ALL cases and 1421 population‐based controls frequency‐matched on age and gender. The child's medical history was collected through standardized maternal interview. Biological samples were collected, and genotyping data were available for 411 cases and 704 controls of European origin. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsIn the complete sample, a significant inverse association was observed between ALL and reported history of allergic rhinitis or sinusitis (OR = 0.65 [0.42‐0.98]; P = 0.04), but there was no obvious association with allergies overall. There was an interaction between genetic polymorphisms in IL4 and IL4R (Pinteraction = 0.003), as well as a gene‐environment interaction between IL4R‐rs1801275 and a reported history of asthma (IOR = 0.23; Pint = 0.008) and eczema (IOR = 0.47; Pint = 0.06). We observed no interaction with the candidate polymorphisms in IL4 and IL13.ConclusionThese results suggest that the association between allergic symptoms and childhood ALL could be modified by IL4R‐rs1801275, and that this variant could also interact with a functional variant in IL4 gene. Although they warrant confirmation, these results could help understand the pathological mechanisms under the reported inverse association between allergy and childhood ALL.
Preparation of flexible and magnetic PA6/SEBS‐MA nanocomposites reinforced with Ni‐Zn ferrite
Authors: Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , da Silva Adriano Lima , Siqueira Danilo Diniz , dos Santos Filho Edson Antonio , Araújo Edcleide Maria , do Nascimento Emanuel Pereira , de Melo Costa Ana Cristina Figueiredo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMagnetic and flexible nanocomposites of polyamide 6 (PA6)/styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐MA) were prepared using Ni‐Zn ferrite synthesized by combustion reaction. Thermal treatment was applied to the Ni‐Zn ferrite to form a more crystalline phase. The nanocomposites were processed in an internal mixer and later injection molded. The materials were characterized by torque rheometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Izod impact strength, tensile strength, magnetic measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ferrite calcination led to a higher degree of crystallinity and nanocomposites with a higher number of crystalline peaks. This favored a higher saturation magnetization. The magnetic hysteresis curves of the nanocomposites indicated a ferrimagnetic behavior. The impact strength and elongation at break increased significantly compared to neat PA6, suggesting the formation of flexible and magnetic nanocomposites. This behavior was ascribed to a chemical reaction between the terminal amine groups of PA6 and the maleic anhydride of SEBS‐MA, confirmed by FTIR and torque rheometry. Neat PA6 and the nanocomposites showed similar thermogravimetric, HDT, melting temperature, and crystallization properties. SEM results showed that the dispersed ferrite tends to form agglomerates, especially if calcined. In general, the addition of the non‐calcined Ni‐Zn ferrite to the PA6 matrix improved the mechanical properties. Conversely, the calcination of ferrite tended to improve the magnetic behavior of the nanocomposites.
One‐stepfabrication of bulk nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotube array fragments
Authors: Aly Karim , Aboubakr Sherif H. , Bradford Philip D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) array growth is an established process where high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are produced. This work demonstrates one‐step approach to fabricate bulk polymer nanocomposites using CNT array fragments'. Here, 4.5 mm long CNTs were collected post VACNTs synthesis. Next, CNT array fragments were coated with pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and infused with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to create porous CNT/PDMS nanocomposite with a CNT weight fraction of 20%. Achieving similar weight fraction with super long bundled CNTs using dispersion techniques is extremely difficult. The compression and dynamic mechanical behaviors and piezoresistive response of the PDMS filled nanocomposite were assessed. The results revealed the potential of the synthesized structure to serve as fatigue‐resistant pressure sensors with high damping and self‐sensing capabilities. The proposed fabrication technique is versatile, as it can work with thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers in addition to allowing for mass production of PDMS filled nanocomposites.
Impact of argon flow and pressure on the trapping behavior of nanoparticles inside a gas aggregation source
Authors: Drewes Jonas , Ali‐Ogly Suren , Strunskus Thomas , Polonskyi Oleksandr , Biederman Hynek , Faupel Franz , Vahl Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, in situ UV–Vis spectroscopy is used to investigate the growth and transport of nanoparticles inside a gas aggregation source (GAS) dependent on the Ar gas flow and operating pressure. It was found that the nanoparticles were becoming trapped at different positions inside the GAS dependent on the gas flow. Moreover, in situ UV–Vis spectroscopy suggested the presence of large nanoparticles inside the GAS, which were not observed outside. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed to study the velocity distribution inside the GAS. Three distinct areas were identified, where nanoparticles can become trapped or lost. The gas flow velocity distribution was found to strongly impact the transport of nanoparticles.
A Modelling Approach for the Analysis of Underwater Explosive Performance Trials
Authors: Milne Andrew G. , Milne Alec M. , Burn Andrew , Carr Andrew , Thomson Murray 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present here a coupled experimental and numerical modelling study to compare the underwater performance of different explosive charge types in simple geometries with a view to having confidence in the use of these models in the design of more complex warheads. Numerical modelling is used to predict the shock and bubble performance of underwater detonated charges and is intended to be used for comparison of the performance of different charge compositions. Model predictions are compared to experimental data from the underwater detonation of 1 kg cylindrical charges. It is shown that a simple 1D spherical geometry Eulerian hydrocode solution is suitable for comparison of the performance of different charge types provided that gauges are located on the radial axis of the charge and located a sufficient distance from the charge. Predictions using our chosen explosive models are shown to accurately capture the shock and bubble performance of ideal and non‐ideal charges tested and the effects of charge casing so that these models can be used in more complex warhead design studies at a later date.
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Study of a Eutectic Mixture of bis(2,2‐Dinitropropyl) Acetal/Formal
Authors: Wong Camille Hing , Edgar Alexander Steven , Yang Dali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study is the first attempt to document methodology development undergone using liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF) to investigate degradation products of eutectic bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) acetal/formal nitroplasticizer (called NP here). Method properties investigated are: desolvation temperature (°C) and spray voltage (V) of the electrospray ionization source, and the development of an acetone system rinse to prevent any residual contamination between sample injections. Details are given on why it is essential to investigate method optimization with changes shown in MS/MS analysis in addition to MS results. Trends in MS/MS analytic results reveal important relationships between baseline and aged materials. In addition to verification of previously proposed fragments, insights offered by this newly developed methodology will also identify new degradation products and shed light on the complexity of NP degradation chemistry.
Cancer‐specific survival after radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiotherapy in high‐risk and very high‐risk African American prostate cancer patients
Authors: Hoeh Benedikt , Würnschimmel Christoph , Flammia Rocco S. , Horlemann Benedikt , Sorce Gabriele , Chierigo Francesco , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Graefen Markus , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Terrone Carlo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo test for differences in cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) rates between radical prostatectomy (RP) vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high‐risk African American patients, as well as Johns Hopkins University (JHU) high‐risk and very high‐risk patients.Materials and methodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010–2016), we identified 4165 NCCN high‐risk patients, of whom 1944 (46.7%) and 2221 (53.3%) patients qualified for JHU high‐risk or very high‐risk definitions. Of all 4165 patients, 1390 (33.5%) were treated with RP versus 2775 (66.6%) with EBRT. Cumulative incidence plots and competing risks regression models addressed CSM before and after 1:1 propensity score matching between RP and EBRT NCCN high‐risk patients. Subsequently, analyses were repeated separately in JHU high‐risk and very high‐risk subgroups. Finally, all analyses were repeated after landmark analyses were applied.ResultsIn the NCCN high‐risk cohort, 5‐year CSM rates for RP versus EBRT were 2.4 versus 5.2%, yielding a multivariable hazard ratio of 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.84, p = 0.009) favoring RP. In JHU very high‐risk patients 5‐year CSM rates for RP versus EBRT were 3.7 versus 8.4%, respectively, yielding a multivariable hazard ratio of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28–0.95, p = 0.03) favoring RP. Conversely, in JHU high‐risk patients, no significant CSM difference was recorded between RP vs EBRT (5‐year CSM rates: 1.3 vs 1.3%; multivariable hazard ratio: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.16–1.90, p = 0.3). Observations were confirmed in propensity score‐matched and landmark analyses adjusted cohorts.ConclusionsIn JHU very high‐risk African American patients, RP may hold a CSM advantage over EBRT, but not in JHU high‐risk African American patients.
Androgen receptor negatively regulates mitotic checkpoint signaling to induce docetaxel resistance in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Pilling Amanda , Kim Sahn‐Ho , Hwang Clara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite multiple treatment advances for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there are currently no curative therapies and patients ultimately to succumb to the disease. Docetaxel (DTX) is the standard first‐line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic CRPC; however, drug resistance is inevitable and often develops rapidly, leading to disease progression in nearly all patients. In contrast, when DTX is deployed with androgen deprivation therapy in castration‐sensitive disease, more durable responses and improved outcomes are observed, suggesting that aberrant androgen receptor (AR) signaling accelerates DTX resistance in CRPC. In this study, we demonstrate that AR dysregulates the mitotic checkpoint, a critical pathway involved in the anticancer action of DTX.MethodsAndrogen‐dependent and independent cell lines were used to evaluate the role of AR in DTX resistance. Impact of drug treatment on cell viability, survival, and cell‐cycle distribution were determined by plate‐based viability assay, clonogenic assay, and cell‐cycle analysis by flow cytometry, respectively. Mitotic checkpoint kinase signal transduction and apoptosis activation was evaluated by Western blotting. Pathway gene expression analysis was evaluated by RT‐PCR. A Bliss independence model was used to calculate synergy scores for drug combination studies.ResultsActivation of AR in hormone‐sensitive cells induces a rescue phenotype by increasing cell viability and survival and attenuating G2/M arrest in response to DTX. Analysis of mitotic checkpoint signaling shows that AR negatively regulates spindle checkpoint signaling, resulting in premature mitotic progression and evasion of apoptosis. This phenotype is characteristic of mitotic slippage and is also observed in CRPC cell lines where we demonstrate involvement of AR splice variant AR‐v7 in dysregulation of checkpoint signaling. Our findings suggest that DTX resistance is mediated through mechanisms that drive premature mitotic exit. Using pharmacologic inhibitors of anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome and polo‐like kinase 1, we show that blocking mitotic exit induces mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and synergistically inhibits cell survival in combination with DTX.ConclusionOur results suggest that targeting the mechanisms of dysregulated mitotic checkpoint signaling in AR‐reactivated tumors has significant clinical potential to extend treatment benefit with DTX and improve outcomes in patients with lethal prostate cancer.