bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Performance of the Midarm Circumference and the Nelson Weight Estimation Formulas in Nigerian Children
Authors: Igbokwe Obianuju O. , Osuorah Chidiebere D. I. , Ndu Ikenna K. , Iloh Ogochukwu N. , Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Nwaneli Ezinne I. , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Edelu Benedict O. , Nwokeji-Onwe Linda , Anarado Chikodi F. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In emergencies, two commonly used weight estimation methods are Nelson and mid-arm circumference (MAC)-based formulae. Nelson's method requires the child's age while the MAC formula offers weight estimation without any prior details of the child, which is useful in our environment due to the lack of proper vital statistics documentation.

Methodology:
We measured the weight, height, and MAC of 1390 children aged 1–12 years. Values got from the measurements were substituted in MAC and Nelson formulae for weight estimation. The estimated weights were compared to the actual weights of the children.

Results:
A total of 1390 children were enrolled. The mean of enrolled children's actual weight was significantly higher than the mean weight estimated using MAC and Nelson formula. MAC method overestimated weight in children 1–7 years and underestimated weight in those 8–12 years old. On the other hand, the Nelson formula underestimated weights in children 2–11 years and overestimated weight in 1 and 12-year olds.

Conclusions:
Both the MAC and Nelson method have their deficiencies in weight estimation. Though the Nelson formula appears slightly more accurate than the MAC, weight estimates from both methods were mostly within the actual weight agreement limits.
Outcome of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spine Spondylolisthesis in a Neurosurgical Centre in Nigeria
Authors: Ndubuisi Chika Anele , Mezue Wilfred Chukwuemeka , Campbell Francis Chukwuebuka , Okwunodulu Okwuoma , Ndafia Ned Michael , Ozoagu Amaka Martha , Ohaegbulam Samuel Chukwunonyerem 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is one of the options for the management of lumbar spine instability and is being increasingly used in Nigeria. The aim of the study is to assess the outcome of cases managed with PLIF in Enugu, Nigeria.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of all patients that had PLIF for degenerative lumbar spine spondylolisthesis from the year 2016 to 2019 at a single centre the interbody fusion device was polyetheretherketone cage loaded with autologous bone graft. All patients presented with severe low back pain. Patients operated for traumatic spondylolisthesis and those managed with pedicle screw fixation alone were excluded. Patients were followed up for at least one year. The outcome was assessed using Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring for back pain, visual analog score (VAS), fusion rate, and the 5-point patient-reported improvement scale.

Results:
A total of 57 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 56.5 ± 7.4 years and the mean duration of back pain was three years (1–15 years). The mean preoperative VAS was 7.9 ± 1.1, while the postoperative VAS score was 3.3 ± 1.7. The JOA scores before surgery and at least 12 months post-surgery were 12.9 ± 2.8 and 22.9 ± 4.9, respectively. The patient recovery rate was 63.3%. A satisfactory outcome was noted in 82.8% of patients, post-surgery. The average fusion rate postsurgery was 88%. The most common postoperative complication was cerebrospinal fluid leak (8.8%). Four obese patients had implant-related complications.

Conclusion:
PLIF for degenerative spine disease is associated with significant improvement in preoperative back pain and neurological outcome. It is also associated with good fusion, recovery, and patient-reported improvement.
Awareness of Ear Health Care among Urban City Residents, in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Adekanye Abiola Grace , Nja Glory Egom , Mgbe Robert Bassey , Umana Aniefon Ntuien-Udo 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Exposure to Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) above 85 dB over 8 hours is potentially damaging to the ears. Unfortunately, many people may be unaware of the adverse effects of such SPL on the ear and quality of life. The level of awareness of hearing test has not been adequately determined in our region, a developing world. Some even seek ear care from unauthorized facilities and persons who often recommended inappropriate medications and treatment. The objectives of this study were to assess specifically the respondents' level of awareness of sound levels that could cause hearing loss, determine the number of respondents who have had a hearing test, and the sources of ear healthcare among residents in an urban city in South-South, Nigeria. Participants and

Methods:
An interviewee-administered questionnaire under three sections: socio-demographics; awareness of damaging sound levels and their sources; hearing testing and ear health care was used to collect data from 274 consenting respondents. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solution version 26.0. Results were presented on frequencies, percentages, tables, and figures. A P ≤ 0.05% was considered statistically significant at a 5% level of significance.

Results:
The respondents were aged between 10 and 74 years, and a median age of 24 years. Most 202 (73.7%) were males, while 72 (26.3%) were females, with male: female = 2.8:1. The greater proportion 223 (81.4%) were single; 177 (64.6%) were students; 16 (5.8%) were unemployed and 21 (7.7%) civil servants. Of the 274 consenting participants, only 79 (28.8%) were aware that the numerical value of noise level above 85 dB could cause damage to hearing. Only a small proportion with tertiary education 28 (10.2%) reported having had a hearing test. All the respondents in occupations prone to high levels of noise never had a hearing test. There was a statistically significant association between the types of ear drop/substance used by respondents and the attendant health personnel (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion
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Recommendation:
There is poor awareness of ear health care among urban city dwellers in Calabar, South-South, Nigeria. Most young adults aged 20–29 years were aware that loud noise is hazardous to hearing. Generally, there was ignorance on objective numerical noise levels for hazard; the importance of hearing testing; and utilization of appropriate ear care facilities for treatment of ear diseases. Public health education on appropriate ear healthcare is highly recommended.
Preferred Approach to Clinical Performance Improvement among Physicians at the University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria
Authors: Adewole David Ayobami , Negedu Nelson Simon , Bello Segun 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Training needs assessment involves the identification and prioritization of training requirements. The medical practice regulatory authority in Nigeria recommends continuing medical education for physicians. The courses are preplanned and often do not take into consideration the training needs and the preferred method for performance improvement. This study aimed to assess the preferred method for performance improvement among physicians at a tertiary health facility in Southwest Nigeria.

Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey carried out among 355 doctors employed in the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Sampling was conducted using stratified random sampling with a proportionate allocation to size across different cadres of doctors in various departments/units. The World Health Organization Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Analysis Questionnaire was adopted for this study. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 33 items (assignments) grouped into five subcategories: clinical assignments, communication/teamwork, research/audit, management/supervisory assignments, and administration. Participants were requested to rate each of the 33 items/assignments along with seven-point scales (one = not at all important and seven = very important). The Hennessy-Hicks training manual quadrant chart was adopted for the interpretation of the training needs gap.

Results:
Three hundred and three (85.4%) of 355 participants responded to the survey. The mean age ± standard deviation of participants was 37.62 ± 6.7 years. About four-fifths of the participants were resident doctors. Regarding the most important rating, the clinical assignment subcategory was rated (6.3) as the most important to participants' job, out of the five subcategories. Participants, however, rated their performance best in the communication/teamwork subcategory. The training needs gap was highest (0.82) in the research/audit subcategory and lowest (0.48) in the communication/teamwork category. All subcategories reported a similar score (5.8) on participants' perception of the organization's development as a method to bridge the gap in training needs. Participants also rated the training course method as a better method to improve performance in all five subcategories.

Conclusion:
The research/audit subcategory reported training needs gap that requires close monitoring and possible intervention. This could be done by organizing and sponsorship physicians for training courses.
Pattern, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Acute Stroke in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Arabambi Babawale , Oshinaike Olajumoke , Akilo Oluwakemi Oluwabunmi , Yusuf Yakub , Ogun Shamsideen Abayomi 
Published: June 2021

Background:
This study aimed to document the pattern, risk factors, in-hospital outcomes, and stroke mortality in a hospital over one year.

Materials and Methods:
Acute stroke patients admitted at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital between October 2019 and September 2020 had their records reviewed. Information including age, sex, risk factors, stroke type, access to neuroimaging, and the in-hospital outcome was extracted and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 230 patient records were included in this study. The proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was 44.8%, while ischemic stroke was 52.2%. Only 9.1% of ischemic stroke cases had an onset-to-arrival time of fewer than nine hours, with just three thrombolytic therapy given. The 30-day mortality was 28.7%, lesser among younger patients and patients managed in the stroke unit.

Conclusion:
The hospital incidence of ICH was close to that of ischemic stroke. Mortality data confirms the importance of management in a stroke unit.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Melon (Citrallus Lanatus) Seed Oil on the Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Growing Rabbits
Authors: Singh, A.S.  , Alagbe, J.O.  , Sharma, S.  , Oluwafemi, R.A.  , Agubosi, O.C.P.  
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of melon (Citrallus lanatus) seed oil (WMO) on the growth performance and immune response of growing rabbits. Thirty-six (36), 5-6 weeks weaner rabbit of mixed breed and sex with an average weight of 435 g – 438 grams were randomly divided into four (4) treatments of nine rabbits per group and each rabbit served as a replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment lasted for 12 weeks and all other management practices were strictly observed. The basal diet was formulated according to the nutrient requirements of the rabbit according to NRC (1977). Treatment (T1) was fed basal diet with 0 % WMO, T2, T3, and T4 were fed basal diet supplemented with WMO at 0.2 %, 0.4 % and 0.6 % respectively. Results obtained were used to examine the average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed: gain, mortality, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malonyl dialdehyde (MLA). ADWG, feed: gain, and mortality were significantly different (P˂0.05) among the treatments. ADFI increased as the level of WMO increases, though not at a significant level (P˃0.05). The highest mortality was recorded among animals in T1 (1.00 %), none was recorded in the other treatments (P˂0.05). Activities of SOD, GST, GSH, and MLA were significantly (P˃0.05) influenced by WMO. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of WMO up to 0.6 % enhanced growth performance, improved feed: gain, and had no negative effect on the antioxidant parameters of rabbits, it is safe and could be used to bridge the gap between food safety and production.
A Comprehensive Review on the Economic Status of the Global Convenience Food Industry
Authors: Banerjee Swapan 
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, people worldwide are leading to fast lifestyles due to their official work and childrens’ education. The situations compel almost every earning member who does not have enough time to buy fresh vegetables and other essential food ingredients for cooking good foods both in the lunch and dinner at home. For the last two decades, mainly office goers are dependent on convenience foods called ready-to-eat foods. Disposable income, taste preferences, working stress, and psychological tenacity are the significant factors of the growing demand for fast food or ready meals among the middle-class urban population. Recent trend shows that the global convenience food market is expected to reach a 4.4% compound annual growth rate at the end of 2025. India is also supposed to be a significant contributor among other developed countries. The country is expected to reach the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) tentatively 17%-19% (approximately $655 million) by 2025. Small-scale industries (SSI) play significant roles by engaging themselves with excellent investment in the convenience food market. The increasing demand for food products is the main reason sourced from the millions of consumers worldwide. Hence
AVALIAÇÃO DA CONFIABILIDADE DE TRÊS SOFTWARES PARA ANÁLISE FOTOGRAMÉTRICA DO ÂNGULO DE CABEÇA
Authors: Nascimento Silva Paulo Yure , Ralin de Carvalho Déda Costa Marcela , Lima Alves Thaynara , Aragão da Hora Almeida Lucas , Cristina Fraga Ially , Fraga Batista Andrade Ially 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A fotogrametria digital surge como uma técnica de avaliação postural, sendo também, objetiva, de baixo custo, com alta precisão, fácil reprodutibilidade dos resultados e possibilidade de arquivamento de registros. Objetivos: Avaliar aspectos quantitativos como a confiabilidade intra e interexaminador de cada programa (SAPO, Corel Draw e Kinovea) e comparar os três softwares. Metodologia: Foram analisadas 30 fotos, sendo analisada três vezes em cada programa, com pelo menos 1 dia de intervalo entre as análises das mesmas, sendo averiguados o ângulo entre processo espinhoso de C7 e meato acústico externo com um desenho de triângulo dimensional dos softwares. Resultados: A confiabilidade intraexaminador 1 e 2 entre os softwares foram: Corel Draw (intraexaminador 1: 0,983/intraexaminador 2: 0,999); SAPO (Intraexaminador 1:0,957/Intraexaminador 2: 0,999) e Kinovea (Intraexaminador 1: 0.989/Intraexaminador 2: 0.997). Sobre a confiabilidade interexaminadores, o SAPO apresentou (0,990); o Corel Draw (0,983) e o Kinovea (0,991). A respeito da comparação dos valores do ângulo de cabeça entre os softwares o resultado foi de 0.997. Conclusão: A avaliação intraexaminador e inter-examinador por meio de fotogrametria, com a utilização do CorelDraw, SAPO e Kinovea, se mostraram confiáveis para a análise do ângulo de cabeça.
COVID-19 Kapsamında Sağlık Çalışanlarına İlişkin Gazete Haberlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ATEŞ Tuğçe , ÖNAL Betül , ÇOLAK Zeliha , ÖZTÜRK Havva 
Published: June 2021

Giriş: COVID-19 salgını gibi küresel boyutta toplumu etkileyen halk sağlığı sorunlarında kitle iletişim araçlarının önemli bir rolü vardır. Kitle iletişim araçlarından biri olan gazetede, salgına en fazla maruz kalan meslek grubu olan sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik haberlere yer verilmektedir.Amaç: Araştırma, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarına ilişkin çıkan gazete haberlerini değerlendirmek amacı ile yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma evrenini Türkiye’de baskı sayısı en yüksek olan gazeteler içerisinde e-arşivi bulunan ve 11 Mart-15 Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasında arşive erişimi sağlanabilen üç gazete oluşturmuştur. Nitel araştırma tipinde olan bu çalışmaya, üç gazetede yayımlanan ve COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde sağlık çalışanları ile ilgili yapılan toplam 118 haber dâhil edilmiştir. Bu haberler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilip beş tema altında toplanarak tematik analiz yapılmıştır.Bulgular: COVID-19 salgını sürecinde üç gazeteye ait haberlerin %11,64’ünün (n = 118) sağlık çalışanları ile ilgili olduğu saptanmıştır. Çoğunluğu güncel haber olarak yayımlanan bu haberlerin; %30,50’sinin sağlık çalışanlarının rol ve sorumlulukları, %28,81’nin sağlık çalışanlarının salgın sürecinde yaşadıkları sorunlar, %18,64’ünün sağlık çalışanlarının toplumsal imajı, %14,40’ının sağlık çalışanlarını korumaya yönelik girişimler ve %7,61’inin sağlık çalışanlarının özlük hakları başlığı altında sınıflandırıldığı belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Salgın sürecinde gazete haberlerinin sağlık çalışanlarının rol ve sorumlulukları, yaşadıkları sorunlar hakkında farkındalık sağladığı ve toplumsal imajına katkı sağladığı belirlenmiştir.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Enteric Fever in Pakistan: A Comparison of Years 2009 and 2019
Authors: Saleem Khurram , Zafar Sana , Rashid Aqeela 
Published: June 2021

Background Pakistan is one of the endemic regions for typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. This study aimed to identify the evolving antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of Salmonella species causing enteric fever and its implications on the clinical prescribing of antimicrobials. Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at a university hospital. Antimicrobial resistance was defined in terms of non-resistant, multidrug resistant (MDR) and extended drug resistant (XDR) as per WHO guidance. Data were collected from the years 2009 and 2019. Chi squared was applied to test for statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results A total of 200 patients (100 from 2009 and 100 from 2019) were included in the study. Non-resistant enteric fever cases reduced from 100% in 2009 to 44% in 2019, whereas the MDR and XDR enteric fever cases increased to 16% and 40%, respectively (p < 0.05). Cross tabulation carried out for individual drugs showed an independent rise in the sensitivities of individual first-line antimicrobials. Conclusion Antimicrobial resistant enteric fever has become a big challenge for Pakistan. The choice of antibiotic prescription has narrowed down to broader spectrum antimicrobials making it difficult to treat, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
Design Noir
Authors: Dunne Anthony , Raby Fiona 
Published: June 2021

The first book to be published on the work of their partnership (in 2001), Design Noir is the essential primary source for understanding the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings for Dunne & Raby's work.
Consisting of three elements - a 'manifesto' on the possibilities of designing with and for the 'secret life' of electronic objects; notes for an embryonic network of critical designers and, most famously, the presentation of the Placebo Project – a prototype for a critical design poetics enacted around electronic furniture-objects – Design Noir offers an in-depth exploration of one of the most seminal design projects of the last two decades, one that arguably initiated speculating through design in its contemporary forms.
By detailing the logic and character of the objects that were constructed; the involvement of users with these objects over-time, and in the creation of a new kinds of spatially and temporally distributed moments of critique and engagement with things, Design Noir presents the case-study of the Placebo projectas a far more complex and subtler project than is often thought.
As a bold and in many ways unprecedented experiment in design writing and book designing, Design Noir is itself an instance of the speculative propositional design it expounds.
Restorative Cities
Authors: Roe Jenny , McCay Layla 
Published: June 2021

Overcrowding, noise and air pollution, long commutes and lack of daylight can take a huge toll on the mental well-being of city-dwellers. With mental healthcare services under increasing pressure, could a better approach to urban design and planning provide a solution? The restrictions faced by city residents around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic has brought home just how much urban design can affect our mental health – and created an imperative to seize this opportunity.
Restorative Cities explores a new way of designing cities, one which places mental health and wellness at the forefront. Establishing a blueprint for urban design for mental health, it examines a range of strategies – from sensory architecture to place-making for creativity and community – and brings a genuinely evidence-based approach that will appeal to designers and planners, health practitioners and researchers alike - and provide compelling insights for anyone who cares about how our surroundings affect us. Written by a psychiatrist and public health specialist, and an environmental psychologist with extensive experience of architectural practice, this much-needed work will prompt debate and inspire built environment students and professionals to think more about the positive potential of their designs for mental well-being.
Hip-Hop Architecture
Authors: Cooke Sekou 
Published: June 2021

“This book is not for you. It is not for architectural academic elites. It is not for those who have gentrified our neighborhoods, overly intellectualized the profession, and ignored all contemporary Black theory within the discipline. You have made architecture a symbol of exclusion, oppression, and domination rather than expression, aspiration, and inspiration. This book is not for conformists—Black, White, or other.”
As architecture grapples with its own racist legacy, Hip-Hop Architecture outlines a powerful new manifesto—the voice of the underrepresented, marginalized, and voiceless within the discipline. Exploring the production of spaces, buildings, and urban environments that embody the creative energies in hip-hop, it is a newly expanding design philosophy which sees architecture as a distinct part of hip-hop's cultural expression, and which uses hip-hop as a lens through which to provoke new architectural ideas.
Examining the present and the future of Hip-Hop Architecture, the book also explores its historical antecedents and its theory, placing it in a wider context both within architecture and within Black and African American movements. Throughout, the work is illustrated with inspirational case studies of architectural projects and creative practices, and interspersed with interludes and interviews with key architects, designers, and academics in the field. This is a vital and provocative work that will appeal to architects, designers, students, theorists, and anyone interested in a fresh view of architecture, design, race and culture.
Includes Foreword by Michael Eric Dyson.
Stories of Fashion, Textiles, and Place
Authors: Burns Leslie Davis , Carver Jeanne 
Published: June 2021

Stories of Fashion, Textiles, and Place follows the journeys of five companies with evolving sustainable supply chains in the fashion and textile industry. Each of the profiled companies are committed to advancing cultural traditions of a particular place. They value, honor, and are all deeply rooted in the geography, culture, and people of a specific location and their success is attributable to their connection to that place. With this shared value, their unique stories highlight the conditions, risks, strategies, and successes in creating and maintaining sustainable supply chains for ready-to-wear and home fashions. The companies include:
-Imperial Stock Ranch and Shaniko Wool Company – Oregon, USA
-Angela Damman Yucatán – Yucatán, Mexico
-Tonlé – Phenom Penh, Cambodia
-Indigenous Designs – Highlands, Peru
-Harris Tweed® – Outer Hebrides, Scotland, UK
With a focus on economic, social, environmental, and cultural sustainability, and the connection between textiles and place, Burns and Carver offer personal and insightful narratives of companies addressing the challenges facing today’s global fashion industry.