bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the High-resolution Emission Spectra of Clear and Cloudy Nontransiting Hot Jupiters
Authors: Malsky Isaac , Rauscher Emily , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Roman Michael , Long Deryl , Harada Caleb K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The advent of high-resolution spectroscopy (R ≳ 25,000) as a method for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres has expanded our capability to study nontransiting planets, vastly increasing the number of planets accessible for observation. Many of the most favorable targets for atmospheric characterization are hot Jupiters, where we expect large spatial variation in physical conditions such as temperature, wind speed, and cloud coverage, making viewing geometry important. Three-dimensional models have generally simulated observational properties of hot Jupiters assuming edge-on viewing, which can be compared to observations of transiting planets, but neglected the large fraction of planets without nearly edge-on orbits. As the first investigation of how orbital inclination manifests in high-resolution emission spectra from three-dimensional models, we use a general circulation model to simulate the atmospheric structure of Upsilon Andromedae b, a typical nontransiting hot Jupiter with high observational interest, due the brightness of its host star. We compare models with and without clouds, and find that cloud coverage intensifies spatial variations by making colder regions dimmer and relatedly enhancing emission from the clear, hotter regions. This increases both the net Doppler shifts and the variation of the continuum flux amplitude over the course of the planet’s orbit. In order to accurately capture scattering from clouds, we implement a generalized two-stream radiative transfer routine for inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres. As orbital inclination decreases, four key features of the high-resolution emission spectra also decrease in both the clear and cloudy models: (1) the average continuum flux level, (2) the amplitude of the variation in continuum with orbital phase, (3) net Doppler shifts of spectral lines, and (4) Doppler broadening in the spectra. Models capable of treating inhomogeneous cloud coverage and different viewing geometries are critical in understanding results from high-resolution emission spectra, enabling an additional avenue to investigate these extreme atmospheres.
Implications of the Low-frequency Turnover in the Spectrum of Radio Knot C in DG Tau
Authors: Björnsson C.-I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The synchrotron spectrum of radio knot C in the protostellar object DG Tau has a low-frequency turnover. This is used to show that its magnetic field strength is likely to be at least 10 mG, which is roughly two orders of magnitude larger than previously estimated. The earlier, lower value is due to an overestimate of the emission volume together with an omission of the dependence of the minimum magnetic field on the synchrotron spectral index. Since the source is partially resolved, this implies a low volume-filling factor for the synchrotron emission. It is argued that the high pressure needed to account for the observations is due to shocks. In addition, cooling of the thermal gas is probably necessary in order to further enhance the magnetic field strength as well as the density of relativistic electrons. It is suggested that the observed spectral index implies that the energy of the radio-emitting electrons is below that needed to take part in first-order Fermi acceleration. Hence, the radio emission gives insights to the properties of its pre-acceleration phase. Attention is also drawn to the similarities between the properties of radio knot C and the shock-induced radio emission in supernovae.
Simulating the Outcome of a Binary Neutron Star Merger in a Common Envelope Jets Supernova
Authors: Akashi Muhammad , Soker Noam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We simulate the influence of the energy that the merger process of two neutron stars (NSs) releases inside a red supergiant (RSG) star on the RSG envelope inner to the merger location. In the triple-star common envelope evolution (CEE) that we consider, a tight binary system of two NSs spiraling in inside an RSG envelope and because of mass accretion and dynamical friction, the two NSs merge. We deposit merger-explosion energies of 3 × 1050 and 1051 erg at distances of 25 and 50 R
⊙ from the center of the RSG, and with the three-dimensional hydrodynamical code FLASH we follow the evolution of the RSG envelope in inner regions. For the parameters we explore, we find that more than 90% of the RSG envelope mass inward of the merger site stays bound to the RSG. NSs that experience CEE are likely to accrete RSG envelope mass through an accretion disk that launches jets. These jets power a luminous transient event, a common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN). The merger process adds to the CEJSN energy. Our finding implies that the interaction of the merger product, a massive NS or a BH, with the envelope can continue to release more energy, both by further inspiraling and by mass accretion by the merger product. Massive RSG envelopes can force the merger product to spiral into the core of the RSG, leading to an even more energetic CEJSN.
A demographic survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites based on socioeconomic determinants in Pakistan
Authors: Irum Shumaila , Ahsan Arbab , Ahmed Haroon , Khan Aisha , Yayi Guan , Mehboob Mudabbar , Gunyakti Kilinc Seyma , Kesik Harun Kaya , Afzal Muhammad Sohail , Ali Shahzad , Mehmood Majid , Celik Figen , Simsek Sami 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate prevalence of intestinal parasites and the risk factors related to socio-demographic characteristics of patients admitted in pathology ward, General Hospital, Gujranwala.
Methodology: 318 stool samples were collected from patients and examined under light microscope by using wet mount technique. While socio-demographic information was collected in the form of a questionnaire.
Results: The results showed seven (n = 7) species of intestinal parasites were prevalent in stool samples of patients. Among them, four (n = 4) were helminth and three (n = 3) were protozoan parasites causing single and mixed infections. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 78.3% (n = 249/318) considering both male and female patients. Highest prevalence was recorded for A. lumbricoides (n = 125, 39.3%) followed by H. nana (n = 10, 3.1%), S. stercoralis and T. saginata (n = 6, 1.9%). Among protozoan parasites, higher prevalence was recorded in G. lamblia (n = 23, 7.2%) followed by E. histolytica (n = 21, 6.6%). Among single infections, the most prevalent parasite was A. lumbricoides and less prevalent parasites were S. stercoralis and T. saginata. The factors that had significant effect (p < 0.05) on prevalence of parasitic species were contaminated water, food, soil, and surrounding environment.
Conclusions: The present study determined that the parasite helminth (A. lumbricoides, H. nana, S. stercoralis, T. saginata) and protozoan (G. lamblia and E. histolytica) are common that pose an important public health concern in Pakistan.
Draft genome sequence of first Vibrio diabolicus in Mexico strain InDRE-D1-M1, an emergent threat
Authors: Nava-Soberanes Elena Berenice , Mendieta-Condado Edgar Ruben , Garcés-Ayala Fabiola , Araiza-Rodríguez Adnan , Aguilera-Perez Pablo , Alfaro-López Alberto , Ibarra-Buelna Alma Cecilia , Montes-Colima Norma Angélica , López-Martínez Irma , Hernández-Rivas Lucía , Méndez-Tenorio Afonso , González-Villa Maribel , Membrillo-Hernandez Jorge , Ramírez-González José Ernesto , Buelna-Romero Alma Guadalupe 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The complete genome of the marine environmental bacterium Vibrio diabolicus isolated from raw shrimp in the city of Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco in Mexico is reported here.
Methodology: Vibrio spp. it was isolated and identified using standard microbiological and molecular techniques. Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Miseq system (Illumina, USA).
Results: The Multi Locus Sequence Typing profile of the isolated Vibrio bacteria coincided only with 4 specific loci (atpA, gyrB, pyrH and recA) and with a total coverage of the species belonging to Vibrio spp. Analysis of the complete genome of the Vibrio isolate and other closely related species, using the genomic fingerprints of the Virtual Analysis Method for PHylogenomic fingerprint estimation (VAMPHyRe) software, revealed the clustering of this species among the clade Vibrio diabolicus. The antibiogram revealed that this strain of Vibrio diabolicus is resistant to ampicillin, which is consistent with the bioinformatic finding of the β-lactamase enzyme that hydrolyzes carbenicillin class A.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the environmental marine bacterium Vibrio diabolicus contains carrier genes associated with pathogenicity and ecological function, which could represent a threat to public health.
Treatment of difficult-to-treat-dermatophytosis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Fonseka Sanjeewani , Bandara Dilan Dileepa Jayarathne , Wickramaarachchi Dasun Chathumina , Narankotuwa Narankotuwe Gedara Kumudu Hasanka Heshani , Kumarasiri Pallegoda Vithana Ranjith 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis is an emerging public health problem in Sri Lanka. Safe, effective and affordable treatment is needed to solve this problem. Therefore this study has assessed the effectiveness and safety of modified Whitfield ointment applied twice daily with oral griseofulvin 500 mg daily given over 8 weeks in patients with difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis.
Methodology: A randomized, double-blind, within-patient-placebo-controlled trial was conducted in patients with clinico- mycologically (history, physical examination, direct light microscopy examination of scales in potassium hydroxide mount) confirmed difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis. Lesions were randomized to receive modified Whitfield ointment (5% benzoic acid and 5% salicylic acid) or emulsifying ointment. All patients were given oral griseofulvin 500mg once daily. The outcome measures were clinical assessment of disease severity, the total surface area of the lesions and the patient’s perception of the disease severity at baseline and every two weeks up to a maximum of 8 weeks.
Results: Thirty patients completed the study. At two weeks, there was a statistically significant improvement in modified Whitfield ointment arm in the clinical assessment of disease severity and the patients' perception. There was a 7.59% reduction in the surface area of lesions in modified Whitfield ointment arm and a 5.83% increase in the surface area of lesions in the emulsifying ointment arm at two weeks. The difference between the two arms in surface area changes was not statistically significant (p = 0.107, df = 29).
Conclusions: A combination of modified Whitfield ointment with griseofulvin is significantly effective, safe and affordable option for treating difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis in the tropics.
Risk factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis in prisons in Sāo Paulo State, Brazil (2006-2016)
Authors: De Almeida Crispim Juliane , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , Zamboni Berra Thaís , Lima dos Santos Felipe , Limirio Souza Ludmilla Leidianne , Alves Yan Mathias , Vieira Ramos Antônio Carlos , Inomata Bruce Alexandre Tadashi , Yamamura Mellina , Rolim Scholze Alessandro , Pinto de Andrade Hamilton Leandro , Meneguetti Pieri Flávia , Carvalho Pinto Ione , Fredemir Palha Pedro , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Prisons are high-risk settings for drug-resistant tuberculosis because the prevalence of the tuberculosis (TB) is much higher than in the general population. This study to investigated the factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis in prisons in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Methodology: Retrospective cohort of drug-resistant TB cases for incarcerated people in São Paulo state, reported in the Tuberculosis Patient Control System between 2006 and 2016. To analyze the factors associated with drug-resistant TB, the backward method (likelihood ratio) was used, determining the adjusted odds ratio and respective 95%CI coefficients. Multiple models were proposed to adjust for potential confusion and interaction. The best fit model was selected based on the lowest Akaike information criterion coefficient.
Results: In total, 473 drug-resistant tuberculosis cases were reported in the prison population of Sāo Paulo state, the majority were male. The cases that presented negative results for sputum smear and sputum culture had, respectively, an aOR=0.6 and aOR=0.16 for drug-resistant tuberculosis in relation to the cases with positive results. The cases where the patient had AIDS and reported alcoholism, respectively, an aOR=1.47 and aOR=1.60 for drug-resistant TB. Individuals with a background treatment history for TB presented a stronger association with drug-resistant tuberculosis, aOR=35.08.
Conclusions: Sputum spear, sputum culture, chest X-ray, AIDS, alcoholism and background treatment history for TB were factors associated with resistance to antituberculosis drugs among prisoners. This is useful for the implementation of disease control measures related to the detection and monitoring of cases in the prison system.
Synergistic antibacterial activity of herbal extracts with antibiotics on bacteria responsible for periodontitis
Authors: Abullais Saquib Shahabe , Abdullah AlQahtani Nabeeh , Ahmad Irfan , Arora Suraj , Mohammed Asif Shaik , Ahmed Javali Mukhatar , Nisar Nazima 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Development of bacterial resistance and antimicrobial side-effect has shifted the focus of research toward Ethnopharmacology. A biologically active compound derived from the plants may increase the effectiveness of antibiotic when used in combination. The present study aims to determine the synergistic antibacterial effect of ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum (pericarp), Commiphora molmol, Azadirachta indica (bark) in combination with amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and azithromycin on periodontopathic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
Methodology: Periodontopathic bacterial strains were isolated from the plaque sample that was collected from periodontitis patients and grown under favorable conditions. Susceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotics and extracts was determined by disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts were evaluated against each bacterium. Synergistic effect of plant extract in combination with antibiotics was tested against each bacterium by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition (ZOI).
Results: Findings revealed that all plant extracts exhibited an inhibitory effects on the proliferation and growth of periodontopathic bacteria. The maximum antibacterial effect was exhibited by C. molmol on P. gingivalis (ZOI = 20 ± 0.55 mm, MIC = 0.53 ± 0.24 mg/mL and MBC = 5.21 ± 1.81 mg/mL) (p < 0.05), meanwhile, no antibacterial activity was exhibited by P. granatum on T. forsythia. Synergistic antibacterial effect was recorded when plant extracts were used in combination with antibiotics. The best synergism was exhibited by P. granatum with amoxicillin against A. actinomycetemcomitans (24 ± 1.00 mm) (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The synergistic test showed significant antibacterial activity when plant extracts were combined with antibiotics against all the experimented bacteria.
L’ imperator au secours de la res publica : un élément central du discours de légitimation du pouvoir impérial et ses origines républicaines
Authors: Sella Jérôme 
Published: December 2021

L’empereur romain légitime son pouvoir par le fait de défendre la libertas contre les factions qui menacent la res publica ; leurs compétiteurs, qui assimilent le pouvoir de l’empereur défié à une dominatio , font de même. Cet article étudie le rôle joué par Auguste dans l’élaboration de ce discours. L’exemple de César, les précédents de Sylla, de Pompée et du premier triumvirat, ainsi que la place tenue par les Philippiques de Cicéron, permettent de mesurer les étapes d’un argumentaire, puis la synthèse opérée par celui qui se présente, de différentes manières successives en libérateur (contre Antoine, contre les optimates , puis contre ses rivaux, dont à nouveau Antoine), venu au secours de la res publica menacée par les factiones . Cela démontre l’importance du consensus dans cette légitimation, puisqu’il est la marque de l’effacement de toute faction et de l’absence de dominatio .
Concilier l’idéal républicain et le Principat augustéen : la carrière singulière de M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus ( cos . 31 av. J.-C.)
Authors: Landrea Cyrielle 
Published: December 2021

L’article analyse la carrière singulière de M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus ( cos . 31 av. J.-C.), plus spécifiquement la nécessité de concilier son idéal républicain avec la nouvelle donne du Principat augustéen. L’étude se concentre sur des moments clés de la carrière politique du patricien : sa démission de la praefectura Vrbis au début du Principat (26 av. J.-C.), l’acceptation du poste de curateur des eaux (11 av. J.-C.) et l’octroi du titre de Pater patriae à Auguste en 2 av. J.-C. Ainsi, l’approche diachronique met-elle en lumière l’évolution personnelle de Messalla Corvinus, et l’acceptation finale du consensus augustéen.
Auguste, Tibère, et la fin du triomphe romain
Authors: Flower Harriet I. 
Published: December 2021

Le triomphe était la plus prestigieuse des récompenses qu’un homme politique et général pouvait recevoir dans la Rome républicaine. Après un bref état des lieux du rôle joué par le triomphe dans la culture politique républicaine, cette étude analyse les limites strictes qu’Auguste imposa aux processions triomphales après 19 avant J.-C., qui devinrent ensuite des célébrations très rares. Elle démontre qu’Auguste envisageait et réussit en grande partie à éliminer complètement les célébrations triomphales traditionnelles à son époque, en utilisant tout à la fois le refus pour lui-même et ses proches de ces cérémonies, tout en gratifiant ses légats ayant combattu sous ses auspices des ornements triomphaux et d’une statue honorifique au forum Auguste. En conséquence, la suppression du triomphe apparaît comme l’un des résultats naturels de la limite imposée à l’expansion impériale ultérieure, telle qu’elle fut recommandée dans le testament d’Auguste, une politique que ses successeurs ont choisi de ne pas suivre. Cependant, Tibère était peu enclin à se conformer à cette nouvelle attitude et choisit le retrait de la vie publique à Rhodes, l’année qui suivit son triomphe en 7 avant J.-C., première célébration de ce type après 19 avant J.-C. Les deux triomphes de Tibère et les propositions répétées du Sénat de nouveaux triomphes à Auguste lui-même représentent deux visions opposées du rôle que la célébration triomphale devrait jouer au sein d’une res publica restaurée, et un défi constant pour le princeps .
La mesure et le poids du discours
Authors: Lecompte Jérôme 
Published: December 2021

Après l’âge de l’éloquence, puis le temps de son histoire, l’ère des médias revendique ce nom : l’éloquence est devenue la marque déposée d’un produit haut de gamme offrant bien plus que la communication. Dans le contexte des menaces contre la démocratie, l’éloquence ne saurait donc faire son retour dans l’enseignement sans s’accompagner d’une réflexion civique : voilà pourquoi l’ethos doit y occuper une position centrale. Sans doute est-ce la raison de la vivacité du concept en sciences humaines et sociales. Mais pour le grand public, les formateurs, les enseignants, cette transversalité ne peut manquer d’être un facteur aggravant de complexité. Comment définir l’ethos et tirer parti des apports de ces disciplines pour en garantir au mieux la transposition didactique ? Quels devoirs implique aujourd’hui ce pouvoir persuasif de l’ethos ? Peut-on concevoir l’ethos sans l’éthique ? Ces enjeux seront dégagés à partir d’Athalie et de la formation rhétorique de Racine. Une mise en perspective du concept en sociologie, rhétorique, et analyse du discours permettra d’aborder les problèmes épistémologiques, anthropologiques, éthiques, afin de proposer une transposition didactique appliquée à Britannicus.
Inventer de nouvelles formes de rhétorique et d’éloquence à l’Université
Authors: Houdart-Merot Violaine 
Published: December 2021

Violaine Houdart-Merot développe la thèse selon laquelle les pratiques universitaires récentes d’écriture créative (en licence, en master et même en doctorat) inventent de nouvelles modalités de « culture rhétorique », en rupture partielle avec la rhétorique classique, ainsi que de nouvelles formes d’éloquence littéraire.Elle tente ensuite d’éclairer ces changements en les resituant dans le contexte contemporain : transformation des pratiques littéraires dans la société, études culturelles et retour à une conception transitive de la littérature.
Reassortment of bluetongue virus vaccine serotypes in cattle
Authors: Van den Bergh Carien , Coetzee Peter , Venter Estelle H. 
Published: December 2021

Bluetongue is primarily a disease of sheep in South Africa, while cattle and goats are mostly subclinically infected. The viraemia of bluetongue virus in cattle lasts much longer than in sheep and the role of cattle in the epidemiology of bluetongue in South Africa is poorly understood. Bluetongue virus has a segmented double-stranded ribonucleic acid genome and reassortment of genomes is a common feature. The aim of the study was to investigate whether reassortment occurs between vaccine and field strains when simultaneously administered to cattle. Six cattle between the ages of 6 and 12 months were infected with five strains of modified live vaccine bluetongue virus and a virulent field isolate of bluetongue virus 4. Blood samples were subsequently collected daily from these animals from day 1 to day 39 post-inoculation. Viruses were directly isolated during viraemia from the buffy coat on Vero cells using the plaque forming unit method. Analysis of plaques indicated that no reassortants between virulent field and vaccine strains occurred and the virulent bluetongue virus 4 was identified as the predominant virus strain. However, a reassortant virus between two bluetongue virus vaccine strains was isolated from the buffy coat. Whole genome sequences from the vaccine viruses were compared to the suspected reassortant and it was found that segment 8 exchanged between the bluetongue virus 8 and bluetongue virus 9 vaccine strains. The use of the live-attenuated bluetongue virus multivalent vaccine in South Africa causes circulation of different vaccine serotypes in Culicoides spp. and susceptible hosts and cattle might provide the ideal host for reassortment to occur.