bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut metabolite S‐equol ameliorates hyperexcitability in entorhinal cortex neurons following Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus‐induced acute seizures
Authors: Gallucci Allison , Patel Dipan C. , Thai K'Ehleyr , Trinh Jonathan , Gude Rosalie , Shukla Devika , Campbell Susan L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveA growing body of evidence indicates a potential role for the gut–brain axis as a novel therapeutic target in treating seizures. The present study sought to characterize the gut microbiome in Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)‐induced seizures, and to evaluate the effect of microbial metabolite S‐equol on neuronal physiology as well as TMEV‐induced neuronal hyperexcitability ex vivo.MethodsWe infected C57BL/6J mice with TMEV and monitored the development of acute behavioral seizures 0–7 days postinfection (dpi). Fecal samples were collected at 5–7 dpi and processed for 16S sequencing, and bioinformatics were performed with QIIME2. Finally, we conducted whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in cortical neurons to investigate the effect of exogenous S‐equol on cell intrinsic properties and neuronal hyperexcitability.ResultsWe demonstrated that gut microbiota diversity is significantly altered in TMEV‐infected mice at 5–7 dpi, exhibiting separation in beta diversity in TMEV‐infected mice dependent on seizure phenotype, and lower abundance of genusAllobaculumin TMEV‐infected mice regardless of seizure phenotype. In contrast, we identified specific loss of S‐equol‐producing genusAdlercreutziaas a microbial hallmark of seizure phenotype following TMEV infection. Electrophysiological recordings indicated that exogenous S‐equol alters cortical neuronal physiology. We found that entorhinal cortex neurons are hyperexcitable in TMEV‐infected mice, and exogenous application of microbial‐derived S‐equol ameliorated this TMEV‐induced hyperexcitability.SignificanceOur study presents the first evidence of microbial‐derived metabolite S‐equol as a potential mechanism for alteration of TMEV‐induced neuronal excitability. These findings provide new insight for the novel role of S‐equol and the gut–brain axis in epilepsy treatment.
Barriers and corridors of gene flow in an urbanized tropical reef system
Authors: Afiq‐Rosli Lutfi , Wainwright Benjamin John , Gajanur Anya Roopa , Lee Ai Chin , Ooi Seng Keat , Chou Loke Ming , Huang Danwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInformation about the distribution of alleles among marine populations is critical for determining patterns of genetic connectivity that are essential in modern conservation planning. To estimate population connectivity in Singapore's urbanized equatorial reef system, we analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from two species of reef‐building corals with distinct life histories. For Porites sp., a broadcast‐spawning coral, we found cryptic lineages that were differentially distributed at inshore and central‐offshore sites that could be attributed to contemporary surface current regimes. Near panmixia was observed for Pocillopora acuta with differentiation of colonies at the farthest site from mainland Singapore, a possible consequence of the brooding nature and relatively long pelagic larval duration of the species. Furthermore, analysis of recent gene flow showed that 60–80% of colonies in each population were nonmigrants, underscoring self‐recruitment as an important demographic process in this reef system. Apart from helping to enhance the management of Singapore's coral reef ecosystems, findings here pave the way for better understanding of the evolution of marine populations in South‐East Asia.
Efficacy and safety of topiramate for reducing impulsivity: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta‐analysis of a common clinical use
Authors: Chapron Sophie‐Athéna , Nourredine Mikail , Dondé Clément , Haesebaert Frédéric , Micoulaud‐Franchi Jean‐Arthur , Geoffroy Pierre Alexis , Rolland Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImpulsivity is an important transdiagnostic feature of many psychiatric disorders, as well as a marker of poorer outcome. Topiramate is broadly used for reducing impulsivity in various neuropsychiatric disorders, but no systematic review or meta‐analysis has ever explored whether evidence supports this clinical use. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature, using PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane databases. We included all studies assessing the efficacy of topiramate in adults with high levels of impulsivity, based on either psychometric or neuropsychological measures. Seven articles were included, involving 578 participants. Important heterogeneity in designs and quality features was observed. Topiramate lowered impulsivity levels in two of the studies that used the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) (401 participants) and in one of the studies that used neuropsychological measures (63 participants). Four other studies found no effect of topiramate on impulsivity. A larger reduction in the BIS‐11 overall score, with a mean difference of 2.57 (95% confidence interval −4.12 to −1.02), was found in the topiramate group than the placebo group using a random effects model. However, one study accounted for the major part (85.5%) of it, and most included studies presented a high risk of bias. The use of a self‐assessment scale induced an additional risk of self‐report bias. No clear‐cut evidence was found for a transdiagnostic effectiveness of topiramate in reducing impulsivity levels. However, encouraging results were found in some specific disorders.
Roflumilast improves resolution of sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury by retarding late phase renal interstitial immune cells infiltration and leakage in urinary sediments
Authors: Gupta Kirti , Pandey Sneha , Singh Ragini , Kumari Abha , Sen Pallavi , Singh Gaaminepreet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSome evidence has demonstrated that both inflammation and immune cell dysregulation are coincident at late phase (post 24 h) of sepsis. The present study was designed to determine the pathological role of hyperinflammation and renal immune cells mobilization during late phase of sepsis induced acute kidney injury (S‐AKI) and tests the pharmacological effects of PDE‐4 inhibitor on these events. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation puncture and renal function, oxidative–inflammatory stress biomarkers were assessed after 24 h. PDE‐4 inhibitor was administered for 7 days prior to induction of S‐AKI. Renal immune cells infiltration during sepsis was analyzed by H&E staining and papanicolaou staining method was used for detecting leukocytes and cast in urinary sediments, periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining was used for detection of brush border loss. AKI developed 24 h post sepsis insult as depicted by increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal oxidative stress, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers levels. Moreover, septic rats displayed increased bacterial load, renal expression of phosphodiesterase‐4B, 4D isoforms, enhanced vascular permeability, caspase‐3 and myeloperoxidase activity, electrolyte imbalance, reduced Na+K+ATPase activity, declined cAMP levels, increased interstitial leukocyte infiltration, and leakage in urinary sediments along with histological alterations. Pre‐treatment with roflumilast at high dose completely prevented the various AKI associated manifestations in septic rats. Renal hyper‐inflammation and leukocyte infiltration was detected in late phase of S‐AKI. Roflumilast pre‐treatment resolved sepsis induced renal dysfunction and histological damage by suppressing late phase renal immune cells invasion and anti‐inflammatory effects mediated by up‐regulation of renal cAMP levels.
Antidepressants with anti‐tumor potential in treating glioblastoma: A narrative review
Authors: Abadi Banafshe , Shahsavani Yasamin , Faramarzpour Mahsa , Rezaei Nima , Rahimi Hamid‐Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the deadliest form of brain tumor. In addition, its high treatment resistance, heterogeneity, and invasiveness make it one of the most challenging tumors. Depression is a common psychological disorder among patients with cancer, especially GBM. Due to the high occurrence rates of depression in GBM patients and the overlap of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, finding antidepressants with antitumor effects could be considered as an affordable strategy for the treatment of GBM. Antidepressants exert their antitumor properties through different mechanisms. According to available evidence in this regard, some of them can eliminate the adverse effects resulting from chemo‐radiotherapy in several cancers along with their synergistic effects caused by chemotherapy. Therefore, providing comprehensive insight into this issue would guide scientists and physicians in developing further preclinical studies and clinical trials, in order to evaluate antidepressants' antitumor potential. Considering that no narrative review has been recently published on this issue, specifically on these classes of drugs, we present this article with the purpose of describing the antitumor cellular mechanisms of three classes of antidepressants as follows: tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in GBM.
Coverage of maternal viral load monitoring during pregnancy in South Africa: Results from the 2019 national Antenatal HIV Sentinel Survey
Authors: Woldesenbet Selamawit A. , Kufa‐Chakezha Tendesayi , Lombard Carl , Manda Samuel , Cheyip Mireille , Ayalew Kassahun , Puren Adrian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesSouth Africa has made remarkable progress in increasing the coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant women; however, viral suppression among pregnant women receiving ART is reported to be low. Access to routine viral load testing is crucial to identify women with unsuppressed viral load early in pregnancy and to provide timely intervention to improve viral suppression. This study aimed to determine the coverage of maternal viral load monitoring nationally, focusing on viral load testing, documentation of viral load test results, and viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/mL). At the time of this study, the first‐line regimen for women initiating ART during pregnancy was non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI)‐based regimen.MethodsBetween 1 October and 15 November 2019, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 15‐ to 49‐year‐old pregnant women attending antenatal care in 1589 nationally representative public health facilities. Data on ART status, viral load testing and viral load test results were extracted from medical records. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with coverage of viral load testing.ResultsOf 8112 participants eligible for viral load testing, 81.7% received viral load testing, and 94.1% of the viral load test results were documented in the medical records. Of those who had viral load test results documented, 74.1% were virally suppressed. Women initiated on ART during pregnancy and who received ART for three months had lower coverage of viral load testing (73%) and viral suppression (56.8%) compared with women initiated on ART before pregnancy (82.8% and 76.1%, respectively). Initiating ART during pregnancy rather than before pregnancy was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving a viral load test during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–1.8).ConclusionsViral load result documentation was high; viral load testing could be improved especially among women initiating ART during pregnancy. The low viral suppression among women who initiated ART during pregnancy despite receiving ART for three months highlights the importance of enhanced adherence counselling during pregnancy. Our finding supports the WHO recommendation that a Dolutegravir‐containing regimen be the preferred regimen for women who are newly initiating ART during pregnancy for more rapid viral suppression.
Effect of h‐BN addition on friction and wear properties of C/C‐SiC composites fabricated by LSI
Authors: Niu Zi‐bo , Chen Fu , Xiao Peng , Li Zhuan , Pang Lang , Li Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has excellent oxidation resistance, self‐healing function, and self‐lubricating properties, which can significantly improve the oxidation resistance of C/C‐SiC composites in low or medium temperature condition and affect their tribological properties and mechanisms. In this work, C/C‐SiC and C/C‐BN‐SiC composites were prepared by the same molding, carbonization and liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process and the influences of h‐BN addition on their microstructure, tribological properties, and mechanisms were investigated. h‐BN addition can promote the formation of friction film and reduce the oxidation wear of the composites. Compared with C/C‐SiC composites, due to more lubricant components and different matrix structure, the C/C‐BN‐SiC composite shows lower wear rate (reduced by 53%) and moderate rather than too high coefficient of friction (CoF) and its CoF is less influenced by braking velocity. Moreover, the friction process is more stable and does not appear clamping stagnation phenomenon in high braking speed condition.
Dementia in people with severe or profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities: Focus group research into relevance, symptoms and training needs
Authors: Dekker Alain D. , Wissing Maureen B. G. , Ulgiati Aurora M. , Bijl Bas , van Gool Gaby , Groen Marieke R. , Grootendorst Esther S. , van der Wal Ina A. , Hobbelen Johannes S. M. , De Deyn Peter P. , Waninge Aly 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating dementia from baseline level of functioning is difficult among people with severe/profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities. Moreover, studies on observable dementia symptoms are scarce. This study examined (a) the relevance of dementia diagnosis, (b) observable symptoms and (c) training/information needs.MethodsFour explorative focus groups were held with care professionals and family members who have experience with people with severe/profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities (≥40 years) and decline/dementia.ResultsThematic analysis showed that participants wanted to know about a dementia diagnosis for a better understanding and to be able to make informed choices (question 1). Using a categorisation matrix, cognitive and behavioural changes were shown to be most prominent (question 2). Participants indicated that they needed enhanced training, more knowledge development and translation, and supportive organisational choices/policies (question 3).ConclusionsTimely identifying/diagnosing dementia allows for a timely response to changing needs. This requires a better understanding of symptoms.
Assessment of dementia in a clinical sample of persons with intellectual disability
Authors: Rösner Peggy , Berger Justus , Tarasova Daria , Birkner Joana , Kaiser Heika , Diefenbacher Albert , Sappok Tanja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of age‐associated disorders has become increasingly important.MethodsIn a clinical setting, people with intellectual disability with and without dementia were assessed retrospectively using the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) at two different times to analyse neuropsychological changes and diagnostic validity. One group (n = 44) was assessed with both instruments, while the DLD was applied in 71 patients.ResultsIn the NTB (n = 44), only patients with dementia (n = 26) showed a decline in the NTB total score and three subscales. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of .67, a specificity of .81, and an area under the curve (AUC) of .767. In the DLD group (n = 71), only those with dementia displayed a decrease in the cognitive and social scale; diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values were low (.61/.63) and the AUC was .704.ConclusionsNeuropsychological assessment was sensitive to detect cognitive changes over time. Sensitivity values of both instruments suggest a reassessment at a later time point.
A quantitative evaluation of a regional Positive Behavioural Support workforce development approach
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Murray George , Martin Rachel , Murray Aja , Metcalfe Dale 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that providing staff with input in relation to Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) can have beneficial outcomes. Much of this research, however, fails to take account of systemic issues and does not include a control group.MethodWe used a non‐randomised, controlled group design to evaluate accredited PBS programmes, delivered as part of a systemic, regional and workforce development approach. We compared outcomes of those attending the programmes (n = 240) with a control group (n = 54), pre‐ and post‐intervention and at 3‐months follow‐up.ResultsThe programme and its wider impact were rated positively. Significant intervention effects were found for staff practice and retention, but not for staff knowledge and attributions, or behaviours that challenge and quality of life of those being supported.ConclusionsThe results are discussed in the context of the study limitations and restrictions resulting from the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Silencing of circTASP1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of acute myeloid leukaemia cells through modulating miR‐515‐5p/HMGA2 axis
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Huang Yan , Liang Changda , Xie Shupei , Xie An 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a common hematopoietic disease that is harmful to the lives of children and adults. CircRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the haematologic malignancy cells. However, the expression of circTASP1 and its function in AML remain unclear. In this study, we showed that circTASP1 was significantly up‐regulated in AML peripheral blood samples and cells. Knockdown of circTASP1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HL60 and THP‐1 cells in vitro. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay proved that circTASP1 sponged miR‐515‐5p and negatively regulated miR‐515‐5p expression in HL60 and THP‐1 cells. High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) was proved to be a downstream target of miR‐515‐5p. The rescue experiments confirmed that knockdown of circTASP1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by modulating miR‐515‐5p/HMGA2 pathway. Moreover, the in vivo experiment indicated that knockdown of circTASP1 suppressed tumour growth. In conclusion, circTASP1 acts as a sponge for miR‐515‐5p to regulate HMGA2, thereby promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis during AML progression. Thus, circTASP1 has the potential to be explored as a therapeutic target for AML treatment.
One‐year follow‐up evaluation of reservoirs in bleaching trays for at‐home bleaching
Authors: Martini Eveline Claudia , Favoreto Michael Willian , de Andrade Heloisa Forville , Coppla Fabiana Madalozzo , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Reis Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the color change stability and patient satisfaction after one‐year of at‐home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in trays with or without reservoirs.Materials and methodsForty‐six patients were subjected to bleaching with CP (3 h/daily; 21 days) with a bleaching tray with or without reservoirs. The color was measured one‐month and one‐year after the completion of bleaching using the spectrophotometer (ΔEab, Δ00 and ΔWi), and shade guide units (ΔSGU). Patients' satisfaction were assessed using a 5‐point Likert Scale questionnaire. Data were submitted to paired t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsNo significant difference between color change after one‐month and one‐year was observed (VITA Classical shade guide unit and the ΔWi; p > 0.53). Significant differences were observed for the VITA Bleachedguide 3D‐MASTER shade guide, ΔEab and ΔE00 (p < 0.03). The level of patient satisfaction was similar between groups (p = 1.00).ConclusionsBleaching tray design did not have any influence on the bleaching stability for the 10% CP (Opalescence PF, Ultradent). Patients were very satisfied with the bleaching outcomes regardless of the bleaching tray design.Clinical relevancePlacement of reservoirs in bleaching trays does not increase longevity of dental bleaching. No clinically important color rebound was observed 1 year after bleaching with 10% CP.
Effect of surface properties of ceramic materials on bacterial adhesion: A systematic review
Authors: Kreve Simone , dos Reis Andréa Cândido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this systematic review was to describe studies that report on whether surface characteristics such as electrostatic charge, surface free energy, and surface topography promote influence on bacterial adhesion on ceramic surfaces.Material and MethodSearches in the SCOPUS, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were performed between December 2020 and January 2021 and updated in March 2021. In addition, a manual search of reference lists from relevant retrieved articles was performed. The criteria included: studies that evaluated ceramic surfaces, which described factors such as surface free energy, electrostatic charges, roughness, zeta potential, and their relationship with bacteria.ResultsDatabase search resulted in 348 papers. Of the 24 studies selected for full reading, 17 articles remained in this systematic review. Another five studies were found in references of articles included, totaling 22 studies. These had a high heterogeneity making it difficult to perform statistical analysis, so a descriptive analysis was performed.ConclusionsFor dental ceramics, not enough results were found to demonstrate the influence of the electrostatic condition, and its relationship with bacterial adhesion. However, studies of this review show that there is a correlation between bacterial adhesion, surface free energy, and topography.Clinical SignificanceThe knowledge of ceramics with repulsive physical–chemical interactions would allow an environment suggestive of non‐adhesion of pathogenic biofilm.
History of autologous platelet‐rich plasma: A short review
Authors: Mościcka Patrycja , Przylipiak Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a medical material with numerous applications. It produces particularly spectacular effects when applied in cosmetic dermatology.AimTo illustrate the origin of the treatment.ConclusionThe therapy originates from transfusiology, where it is applied as a concentrate of platelets to treat trombocytopenia. PRP treatment is 70 years old and has an increasing number of applications. PRP holds particular promise for cosmetic dermatology.
Estimating the relation between digitalization and the market value of insurers
Authors: Fritzsch Simon , Scharner Philipp , Weiß Gregor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyze the relation between digitalization and the market value of US insurance companies. To create a text‐based measure that captures the extent to which insurers digitalize, we apply an unsupervised machine learning algorithm—Latent Dirichlet Allocation—to their annual reports. We show that an increase in digitalization is associated with an increase in market valuations in the insurance sector. In detail, capital market participants seem to reward digitalization efforts of an insurer in the form of higher absolute market capitalizations and market‐to‐book ratios. Additionally, we provide evidence that the positive relation between digitalization and market valuations is robust to sentiment in the annual reports and the choice of the reference document on digitalization, both being issues of particular importance in text‐based analyses.