bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complex relationship between physical activity and diabetes: an overview
Authors: Palermi Stefano , Iacono Olimpia , Sirico Felice , Modestino Michele , Ruosi Carlo , Spera Rocco , De Luca Mariarosaria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread condition, representing a challenging disease to manage. Exercise is being increasingly recommended as part of the therapeutic regimen for DM but the management of different forms of physical activity is difficult for individuals with diabetes, trainers, and physicians. Regular exercise can improve health and well-being, helping individuals to achieve their target lipid profile, body composition, cardio-respiratory fitness, and glycemic goals. People with diabetes tend to be as inactive as the general population, with a large percentage of individuals not achieving the minimum amount of recommended physical activity levels. Indeed, several barriers to exercise exist for persons with diabetes, including sports eligibility, multi-modality management of diabetic athletes, and inadequate knowledge about adequate type and intensity of exercise. The aim of the present review is to provide the current understanding of mechanisms, recommendations, and beneficial effects of different modalities of exercise for the treatment of DM.
The word as a unit of internal predictability
Authors: Mansfield John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA long-standing problem in linguistics is how to defineword. Recent research has focused on the incompatibility of diverse definitions, and the challenge of finding a definition that is crosslinguistically applicable. In this study I take a different approach, asking whether one structure is more word-like than another based on the concepts of predictability and information. I hypothesize that word constructions tend to be more “internally predictable” than phrase constructions, where internal predictability is the degree to which the entropy of one constructional element is reduced by mutual information with another element. I illustrate the method with case studies of complex verbs in German and Murrinhpatha, comparing verbs with selectionally restricted elements against those built from free elements. I propose that this method identifies an important mathematical property of many word-like structures, though I do not expect that it will solve all the problems of wordhood.
Downregulation of RAB7 and Caveolin-1 increases MMP-2 activity in renal tubular epithelial cells under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Yu Wenmin , Ke Xiumei , Li Meiren , Ye Ping , Peng Jing , Li Huimin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis leads to tubular basement membrane thickening and accumulation of interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) is involved in the breakdown of ECM. Chronic hypoxia often occurs in the kidney tissues of patients with chronic kidney disease. Our previous study reported the effect of autophagy and endocytosis on MMP-2 activity in hypoxia-treated HK-2 cells. In this study, the relationship between the Ras-related protein Rab-7a (RAB7) and MMP-2 activity was further investigated. RAB7 overexpression decreased MMP-2 activity. In contrast, the results for RAB7 knockdown displayed the opposite pattern. Short hairpin RNA technology was used to knockdown Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) or Beclin-1 (Bec-1) in HK-2 cells. The two genes displayed differential effects on MMP-2 activity. Cav-1 and RAB7 interference increased MMP-2 activity. This study suggested that autophagy and endocytosis, RAB7, Cav-1, and Bec-1 may serve as potential mediators for altered MMP-2 activity.
GJA1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by mediating TGF-β-induced activation and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Niu Gengming , Zhang Xiaotian , Hong Runqi , Yang Ximin , Gu Jiawei , Song Tao , Hu Zhiqing , Chen Liang , Wang Xin , Xia Jie , Ke Zhongwei , Ren Jun , Hong Liang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Gap junction protein, alpha 1 (GJA1), which is correlated with recurrences and unfavorable prognoses in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), is one of the specific proteins expressed by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Methods
Expression of GJA1 was compared between HCCs and nontumor tissues (NTs), between hepatic cirrhosis and NTs, and between primary and metastatic HCCs using transcriptomic datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus and the Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The in vitro activities of GJA1 were investigated in cultured HSCs and HCC cells. The underlying mechanism was characterized using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and validated by western blotting.

Results
The expression of GJA1 was significantly increased in HCCs and hepatic cirrhosis compared to that in NTs. GJA1 was also overexpressed in pulmonary metastases from HCCs when compared with HCCs without metastasis. Overexpression of GJA1 promoted while knockdown of GJA1 inhibited proliferation and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-mediated activation and migration of cultured HSCs. Overexpression of GJA1 by lentivirus infection promoted proliferation and migration, while conditioned medium from HSCs overexpressing GJA1 promoted migration but inhibited proliferation of Hep3B and PLC-PRF-5 cells. Lentivirus infection with shGJA1 or conditioned medium from shGJA1-infected HSCs inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCCLM3 cells that had a high propensity toward lung metastasis. Mechanistically, GJA1 induced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HSCs and HCCLM3 cells.

Conclusion
GJA1 promoted HCC progression by inducing HSC activation and the EMT in HSCs. GJA1 is potentially regulated by TGF-β and thus may be a therapeutic target to inhibit HCC progression.
Does context matter? European-specific risk factors for radicalization
Authors: Wolfowicz Michael , Weisburd David , Hasisi Badi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study we sought to identify whether risk and protective factors for radicalization can be classed as ‘universal’ factors or whether they have heterogeneous cross-regional effects. Specifically, we sought to identify whether there were factors which displayed significantly different effects in European contexts compared to other democratic countries. We conduct a confirmatory meta-analysis based on a recent Campbell Collaboration systematic review and meta-analysis (Wolfowicz, Litmanovitz, Weisburd and Hasisi, 2021). Studies were classified as being from either EU or non-EU countries and moderator analysis was used to identify between-region heterogeneity. The analysis was possible for 23 factors pertaining to radical attitudes, 13 pertaining to radical intentions and 4 for radical behaviours. For radical attitudes, the estimates for European studies were significantly larger for Gender, Socio-economic status, and Parental involvement, whereas the estimates for Religiosity, Institutional trust, Integration, and Moral neutralizations were significantly smaller compared to other democratic countries in other regions. For radical intentions, the estimates for Self-esteem was significantly larger for European studies. For radical behaviours, the estimate for Unemployment was significantly larger for European studies than for democratic countries in other regions. Overall, most risk and protective factors for radicalization appear to have ‘universal’ effects across democratic countries, but there are some factors that may be more relevant for targeting by counter-radicalization in certain contexts. Although European counter-radicalization has often focused on factors such as integration and institutional trust, these factors have relatively small relationships with radicalization, and these relationships are even smaller in the European context compared to democratic countries in other regions. The findings suggest that mitigation strategies, and interventions providing employment opportunities in particular, may be well suited to the European context if the goal is to develop locally-oriented approaches to counter-radicalization.
The crystal structure of the cocrystal di-μ2-chlorido-octamethyl-di-μ3-oxido-bis(2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2
O,O′)tetratin(IV) ─ octamethyl-di-μ3-oxido-bis(μ2-2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(μ2-2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2
O:O;O′)tetratin(IV) C58H54Cl2F24O16Sn8
Authors: Sun Junshan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C58H54Cl2F24O16Sn8, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.609(4) Å, b = 13.938(6) Å, c = 19.190(9) Å, α = 77.599(7)°, β = 89.846(7)°, γ = 79.841(7)°, V = 1955.2(15) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0578, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1660, T = 298 K.
The neural architecture of sleep regulation – insights from Drosophila
Authors: Suárez-Grimalt Raquel , Raccuglia Davide 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The neural mechanisms that balance waking and sleep to ensure adequate sleep quality in mammals are highly complex, often eluding functional insight. In the last two decades, researchers made impressive progress in studying the less complex brain of the invertebrate model organism Drosophila melanogaster, which has led to a deeper understanding of the neural principles of sleep regulation. Here, we will review these findings to illustrate that neural networks require sleep to undergo synaptic reorganization that allows for the incorporation of experiences made during the waking hours. Sleep need, therefore, can arise as a consequence of sensory processing, often signalized by neural networks as they synchronize their electrical patterns to generate slow-wave activity. The slow-wave activity provides the neurophysiological basis to establish a sensory gate that suppresses sensory processing to provide a resting phase which promotes synaptic rescaling and clearance of metabolites from the brain. Moreover, we demonstrate how neural networks for homeostatic and circadian sleep regulation interact to consolidate sleep into a specific daily period. We particularly highlight that the basic functions and physiological principles of sleep are highly conserved throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, allowing us to identify the functional components and neural interactions that construct the neural architecture of sleep regulation.
Apocalypticism and Globalization in the Early Modern World: A Medievalist’s Perspective
Authors: Rubenstein Jay 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The apocalyptic belief systems from early modernity discussed in this series of articles to varying degrees have precursors in the Middle Ages. The drive to map the globe for purposes both geographic and symbolic, finds expression in explicitly apocalyptic manuscripts produced throughout the Middle Ages. An apocalyptic political discourse, especially centered on themes of empire and Islam, developed in the seventh century and reached extraordinary popularity during the Crusades. Speculation about the end of world history among medieval intellectuals led them not to reject the natural world but to study it more closely, in ways that set the stage for the later Age of Discovery. These broad continuities between the medieval and early modern, and indeed into modernity, demonstrate the imperative of viewing apocalypticism not as an esoteric fringe movement but as a constructive force in cultural creation.
Health effects associated with phthalate activity on nuclear receptors
Authors: Begum Thoin Farzana , Carpenter David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, widely used as plasticizers to impart flexibility in plastics, and as solvents in personal care products. Due to their nearly ubiquitous use in consumer products, most humans are exposed to phthalates daily. There has been extensive research on the reproductive health effects associated with phthalate exposure, but less attention has been paid to other actions. This review aims to summarize the known action of phthalates on different nuclear receptors. Some phthalates bind to and activate the estrogen receptor, making them weakly estrogenic. However, other phthalates antagonize androgen receptors. Some high molecular weight phthalates antagonize thyroid receptors, affecting metabolism. Several phthalates activate and interfere with the normal function of different peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), receptors that have critical roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Some phthalates activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is critical for xenobiotic metabolism. Although phthalates have a short half-life in vivo, because people are continuously exposed, studies should examine the health effects of phthalates associated with long-term exposure. There is limited research on the effects of phthalates on health outcomes aside from reproductive function, particularly concerning are childhood adiposity, behavior, and learning. There is also limited information on actions of phthalates not mediated via nuclear receptors. Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals simultaneously, and how chemical mixtures act on nuclear receptor activity needs study. Although we know a great deal about phthalates, there is still much that remains uncertain. Future studies need to further examine their other potential health effects.
Molecular interaction investigation of some alkaline earth metal salts in aqueous citric acid at various temperatures by physiochemical studies
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kant Shashi , Kaushal Deepika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Densities, ultrasonic velocity, conductance and viscosity of some alkaline earth metal chlorides such as magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were calculated in the concentration range (0.01–0.12 mol kg−1) in 0.01 mol kg−1 aqueous solution of citric acid (CA + H2O) at four varying temperatures T
1 = 303.15 K, T
2 = 308.15 K, T
3 = 313.15 K and T
4 = 318.15 K. The parameters like apparent molar volume (ϕ

v
), limiting apparent molar volume (

ϕ
v
o

${\phi }_{v}^{o}$

) and transfer volume (Δtr

ϕ
v
o

${\phi }_{v}^{o}$

) were calculated from density data. Viscosity data have been employed to calculate Falkenhagen coefficient (A), Jone–Dole’s coefficient (B), relative viscosity (η

r
), and relaxation time (τ) whereas limiting molar conductance (

Λ
m
o

${{\Lambda}}_{m}^{o}$

) has been evaluated from conductance studies. Using these parameters, various type of interactions occurred in the molecules have been discussed. Values of Hepler’s constant (d
2

ϕ
v
o

${\phi }_{v}^{o}$

/dT
2)
p
, (dB/dT) and d(

Λ
m
o

${{\Lambda}}_{m}^{o}$

η

o
)/dT suggests that both MgCl2 and CaCl2 behave as structure breaker in (CA + H2O) system. The positive value of transfer volume exclusively tells about solute–solvent interactions which further indicate that both metal chlorides distort the structure of water and act as structure breaker. These studies are helpful in understanding the nature of interactions occurs in biological systems as CA and metal salts are essential for normal functioning of body.
No Evidence for Neural Overlap between Unconsciously Processed and Imagined Stimuli
Authors: Dijkstra Nadine , van Gaal Simon , Geerligs Linda , Bosch Sander E. , van Gerven Marcel A. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVisual representations can be generated via feedforward or feedback processes. The extent to which these processes result in overlapping representations remains unclear. Previous work has shown that imagined stimuli elicit similar representations as perceived stimuli throughout the visual cortex. However, while representations during imagery are indeed only caused by feedback processing, neural processing during perception is an interplay of both feedforward and feedback processing. This means that any representational overlap could be because of overlap in feedback processes. In the current study, we aimed to investigate this issue by characterizing the overlap between feedforward- and feedback-initiated category representations during imagined stimuli, conscious perception, and unconscious processing using fMRI in humans of either sex. While all three conditions elicited stimulus representations in left lateral occipital cortex (LOC), significant similarities were observed only between imagery and conscious perception in this area. Furthermore, connectivity analyses revealed stronger connectivity between frontal areas and left LOC during conscious perception and in imagery compared with unconscious processing. Together, these findings can be explained by the idea that long-range feedback modifies visual representations, thereby reducing representational overlap between purely feedforward- and feedback-initiated stimulus representations measured by fMRI. Neural representations influenced by feedback, either stimulus driven (perception) or purely internally driven (imagery), are, however, relatively similar.
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Is Associated with Tolerance to Distress
Authors: Dezachyo Or , Kozak Stas , Bar-Haim Yair , Censor Nitzan , Dayan Eran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ability to adapt under significant adversity, defined as psychological resilience, is instrumental in preventing stress-related disorders. An important aspect of resilience is the capacity to endure affective distress when in pursuit of goals, also known as distress tolerance. Evidence that links intrinsic baseline interactions within large-scale functional networks with performance under distress remains missing. We hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may engage in distress tolerance because of its involvement in attention and emotion regulation. Accordingly, we tested whether behavioral performance under distress is associated with baseline resting-state ACC functional connectivity (FC). Distress tolerance was measured in 97 participants using the behavioral indicator of resiliency to distress (BIRD) task. Analyses contrasted participants who quit the task before its designated termination (n = 51) with those who persisted throughout it (n = 46). Seed-based FC analysis indicated greater connectivity between the ACC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in subjects who persisted throughout the task, along with greater FC between the ACC and the precentral gyrus in those who quit before its termination. The results shed light on the mechanisms underlying interindividual differences in the ability to handle distress.
Rye: Current state and future trends in research and applications
Authors: Németh R. , Tömösközi S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAfter wheat, rye is the second most important raw material for bread and bakery products, and it is one of the most excellent sources of dietary fibres and bioactive compounds. Besides, rye is utilised in more and more other food products as well, such as breakfast cereals, porridges, pasta, snack products, etc. Interestingly, its production is decreasing worldwide, probably because of the expansion of other cereals (e.g. triticale), but also the effect of climate change can also play a role therein. However, there is no doubt that scientific research aimed at studying the possible health benefits and the potential of rye in the development of novel food products has intensified over the past decade.The aim of our paper is to make a comprehensive review of the latest results on the compositional and technological properties of rye that fundamentally influence its utilisation for food purposes. Furthermore, this review aims to identify the current development directions and trends of rye products.
Alterations in leaf anatomy, quality, and quantity of flavonols and photosynthetic pigments in Nigella sativa L. subjected to drought and salinity stresses
Authors: AGHAJANZADEH-GHESHLAGHI Shiva , PEYVANDI Maryam , MAJD Ahmad , ABBASPOUR Hossein 
Published: September 2021

Nigella sativa was widely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The present study investigated the effect of drought and salinity stresses on anatomical leaves structure and some biochemical properties to increase the secondary metabolites. For salt stress plants were treated with NaCl (30, 60 mM), and for drought stress plants were irrigated daily (control), once every two days (2DI) and once every three days (3DI). Compared to control plants, 2DI, 3DI, and NaCl 60 mM treatments increase significantly leaf rutin content, while the amount of rutin in seeds of NaCl 60 mM treated plants showed a significant decrease. 3DI treatment also significantly increased rutin content in seeds compared to NaCl 30 mM and control plants. The maximum level of quercetin (0.58 mg g−1 DW), kaempferol (0.16 mg g−1 DW), and myricetin (0.04 mg g−1 DW) in leaves were gained in both NaCl treatments. However, the flavonol components were affected more at salinity conditions rather than drought. In all treated plants, the amount of these compounds in leaves was more than in seeds. The highest amount of total phenol (130 mg g−1 DW), flavonoids (11.4 mg g−1 DW), and carotenoid content (1.55 mg g−1 DW) of leaves were observed under 2DI stress. Treated plants probably encountered different changes in the anatomical structure of leaves, including the decrease of phloem area, reducing vascular bundles and diameters, decreasing the number, and increasing the volume of cortex cells. The study also corroborates the cooperation between increasing the antioxidant capacity with the total flavonoid, rutin, and quercetin. Results indicated a higher sensitivity of N. sativa to drought stress than salinity stress and indicated that moderate salinity and drought could enhance secondary metabolites of seeds in this plant. The formation of potent antioxidants via the treatments could be worthy for pharmaceutical industries.
Monitoring The Regeneration Process of Areas Destroyed by Forest Fires Aided by Google Earth Engine
Authors: GÜZEL Abdülcelil , BIÇAKLI Kadir , BIÇAKLI Fatih , KAPLAN Gordana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim of study: Our world is exposed to forest fires and threatens both natural and human environments. Remote sensing is one of the effective techniques to monitor forest fires. However, accessing and processing data on the field is challenging for researchers as it is costly and time-consuming.
Area of study: In this study, the Mersin-Gülnar fire that happened in 2008 in the Mersin region was investigated.
Materials and methods: Starting from 2000, data from the MODIS satellite images were used to monitor the forest's regeneration process along the forest fire's complete timeline. For this, analyzes were made over 471 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) MODIS satellite data from 2000 until 2020. The analyses were made in Google Earth Engine.
Main results: According to the data processed on the Google Earth Engine platform, the vegetation cover was damaged after the fire. As a result of the examined 471 MODIS images, it was observed that the recovery process of the study area after a forest fire takes an average of 10 years.
Highlights: Remote sensing methodologies and satellite datasets provide powerful functionality for assessing the damage caused by forest fires. This study is an example that the recovery period of forest fires is long, and it brings many difficulties together with other natural events.