bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad Bayesian learning (BBL) for nonparametric probabilistic modeling with optimized architecture configuration
Authors: Kuok Sin‐Chi , Yuen Ka‐Veng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBroad Bayesian learning (BBL), a novel probabilistic Bayesian neural network methodology with optimized architecture configuration, is proposed. It has an expandable feedforward broad learning network. Therefore, the uncertain estimates can be quantified in terms of probability distributions and network architecture augmentation can be adopted incrementally by use of the inherited information from the previously trained network. Furthermore, a learning network architecture configuration optimization scheme is proposed to determine the optimal architecture configuration. Based on the plausibilities of the concerned configurations, the most plausible one can be obtained, and it indicates the proper augmentation to develop the optimal configuration. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, three simulation examples and an application with in‐field structural health monitoring measurement are presented.
A discrete lattice model for assessment of buildability performance of 3D‐printed concrete
Authors: Chang Ze , Xu Yading , Chen Yu , Gan Yidong , Schlangen Erik , Šavija Branko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, the lattice model is applied to study the printing process and quantify the buildability (i.e., the maximum height that can be printed) for 3D concrete printing (3DCP). The model simulates structural failure by incorporating an element birth technique, time‐dependent stiffness and strength, printing velocity, non‐uniform gravitational load, localized damage, and spatial variation of the printed object. The model can reproduce the plastic collapse failure modes reported in the literature. In this research, three main contributions for 3DCP modeling work can be found. A new failure criterion is proposed and adopted to improve the estimation of critical printing height; the element birth technique is utilized to mimic the continuous printing process and study the impact of non‐uniform gravitational load; variability of a printed structure is modeled through the inclusion of disorder during mesh generation and Gaussian distributions of material properties. Using this model, parametric analyses on non‐uniform gravitational load and material variation are conducted to assess their impact on the failure–deformation response and the critical printing height. Finally, the model is validated by comparison with two 3D printing experiments from the literature. The proposed lattice model can reproduce the correct failure‐deformation modes of two types of structures commonly used for buildability quantification: A 3D‐printed hollow cylinder and a square wall layout. Lattice modeling of the square structure yields a relative difference of around 10% with the experimental printing height. For the cylinder structure, the predicted radial deformation and corresponding height show good agreement with the experimental data; the model yields a 41.38% overprediction of the total number of printing layers, compared with the experimental data. Possible reasons for the quantitative discrepancy are discussed.
Molecular detection of zoonotic filarioids inCulexspp. from Portugal
Authors: Manoj R. R. S. , Latrofa M. S. , Cavalera M. A. , Mendoza‐Roldan J. A. , Maia C. , Otranto D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate the role of dipterans in the transmission ofOnchocerca lupiand other zoonotic filarioids, samples were collected from different sites in Algarve, southern Portugal, morphologically identified and molecularly tested for filarioids.Culexsp. (72.8%) represented the predominant genus followed byCulicoidessp. (11.8%),Ochlerotatussp. (9.7%),Culisetasp. (4.5%),Aedessp. (0.9%) andAnophelessp. (0.3%). Nineteen (2.8%) specimens scored positive for filarioids, withCulex pipiens quinquefasciatus(2%) positive forDirofilaria immitis(1.4%),Dirofilaria repens,Acanthocheilonema reconditum,Onchocerca lupi, unidentified species of Filarioidea (0.2%, each) and Onchocercidae (0.6%). Additionally,Culiseta longiareolata(6.5%),Ochlerotatus caspius(3%) andCulex laticinctus(0.2%) scored positive for unidentified Onchocercidae,A. reconditumand forO. lupi, respectively. This is the first report of the occurrence of DNA ofO. lupi,D. repensandA. recondituminCulexspp. in Portugal. Information regarding the vectors and the pathogens they transmit may help to adopt proper prophylactic and control measures.
Stressors in intensive cardiac care units: Patients' perceptions
Authors: Coelho Aluê Constantino , Santos Vinicius Batista , de Barros Alba Lucia Bottura Leite 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are often admitted to intensive cardiac care units (ICCUs) to have their vital signs and ventricular function monitored. In most cases, they are conscious and bedbound, causing high stress and anxiety levels.Aims and objectivesTo assess the stressors affecting patients admitted to ICCUs.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study performed in a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsA sample of 100 patients with ACS admitted to an ICCU, after 24 hours of hospitalization, was recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and the Intensive Care Unit Stressor Assessment Scale (ICESS) was applied to investigate stressors. The ICESS' internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's alpha, and the stressors were analysed by descriptive statistics, association tests, and correlation tests.ResultsMost patients were male, married, and aged 51 to 60 years. The ICESS showed an excellent internal consistency. The mean score identified in patients pointed to a non‐stressed to moderately stressed condition. The indicators considered to be more stressful were as follows: “Not knowing ICU length of stay,” “Being unable to fulfil family roles,” “Missing husband or wife,” and “Loss of self‐control.”ConclusionsStress levels were considered to be non‐stressful to moderately stressful. The main stressors were related to psychological distress and physical discomfort dimensions.Relevance to clinical practiceMapping the main stressors of patients with coronary artery disease will allow health professionals to implement strategies to reduce them and consequently reduce their anxiety levels.
Ultrasound‐guided L5/S1 intradiscal needle placement using biplanar approach with the patient in the lateral decubitus position: A report of three cases
Authors: Lam King Hei Stanley , Hung Chen‐Yu , Wu Tsung‐Ju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of ultrasound (US)‐guided intradiscal injection has been described in the literature with the patient lying in the prone position; however, many patients are unable to lie in the prone position. Therefore, we describe an innovative technique of US‐guided platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) administration in the lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) of 3 patients with chronic lower back pain who failed to improve with conservative management.Case SeriesFor all the 3 patients, magnetic resonance imaging showed annular tears of the L5/S1 IVD with broad‐based central posterior protrusions. PRP injection was performed with the patients in the lateral decubitus position or modified recovery position. With the transducer initially placed in the short axis to the lumbar spine, the needle was inserted in‐plane to the IVD, with the needle trajectory clearly visualized. Once the needle entered the annulus fibrosus, placement of the needle was confirmed by turning the transducer along the long axis of the spine to validate the location of the needle tip inside the IVD. Discus stimulation was performed with contrast administered to elicit each patient’s usual pain, and spread of the contrast was confirmed under fluoroscopy. Upon confirmation of the intradiscal location, 3 ml of PRP was administered.ConclusionsThis report described a novel technique demonstrating that US‐guided lumbar intradiscal needle placement for PRP administration in patients lying in the lateral decubitus position is feasible.
The MYB family transcription factor TuODORANT1 from Triticum urartu and the homolog TaODORANT1 from Triticum aestivum inhibit seed storage protein synthesis in wheat
Authors: Luo Guangbin , Shen Lisha , Song Yanhong , Yu Kang , Ji Jingjing , Zhang Chi , Yang Wenlong , Li Xin , Sun Jiazhu , Zhan Kehui , Cui Dangqun , Wang Yanpeng , Gao Caixia , Liu Dongcheng , Zhang Aimin 
Published: May 2021

SummarySeed storage proteins (SSPs) are determinants of wheat end‐product quality. SSP synthesis is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. Few transcriptional regulators of SSP synthesis have been identified in wheat and this study aims to identify novel SSP gene regulators. Here, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor TuODORANT1 from Triticum urartu was found to be preferentially expressed in the developing endosperm during grain filling. In common wheat (Triticum aestivum) overexpressing TuODORANT1, the transcription levels of all the SSP genes tested by RNA‐Seq analysis were reduced by 49.71% throughout grain filling, which contributed to 13.38%–35.60% declines in the total SSP levels of mature grains. In in vitro assays, TuODORANT1 inhibited both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1‐ to 13‐fold. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and ChIP‐qPCR analysis demonstrated that TuODORANT1 bound to the cis‐elements 5′‐T/CAACCA‐3′ and 5′‐T/CAACT/AG‐3′ in SSP gene promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, the homolog TaODORANT1 in common wheat hindered both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1‐ to 112‐fold in vitro. Knockdown of TaODORANT1 in common wheat led to 14.73%–232.78% increases in the transcription of the tested SSP genes, which contributed to 11.43%–19.35% elevation in the total SSP levels. Our data show that both TuODORANT1 and TaODORANT1 are repressors of SSP synthesis.
Knowledge as a collective status
Authors: Koons Jeremy Randel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile social epistemology is a diverse field, much of it still understands knowledge as an individual status—albeit an individual status that crucially depends on various social factors (such as testimony). Further, the literature on group knowledge until now has primarily focused on limited, specialized groups that may be said to know this or that as a group. I wish to argue, to the contrary, that all knowledge attributions ascribe a collective status; and that this follows more or less directly from an essential function of entitlement‐ascriptions: Ascriptions of knowledge and entitlement serve a primarily social function in that they facilitate coordination by maintaining consensus around true beliefs, true theories, and truth‐producing methodologies. This conclusion will shed light on ways in which traditional theories of knowledge (such as foundationalism and coherentism) fail to capture a central function of our epistemic practice.
Exploring Unusual Effects of the Ring Substituents in the Type II Reaction with TD‐DFT and DFT
Authors: Rezapour Mehdi , Abbasi Mohammad , Gholinejad Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe type II photoelimination reactions are important in biological systems. The different roles played by ring substituents are often not obvious from quantum yields for product formation and the rate constant for hydrogen abstraction is quite low (<107 s−1), but Hautala (Tetrahedron Lett. 1977, 18, 2499–2502) reported unusual effects of the nitro substituent in aryl ketones. They reported the first examples of such and discuss for another role played by the nitro group. They determined an upper limit of less than 2 × 10−5 to the quantum yield for formation of nitro substituent. They hypothesized the carbonyl localized state may be populated with high quantum efficiency, rapid deactivation occurs to populate the lower lying nitro localized state. We focus on the case where the theoretical studies are of great importance and indispensable, such as resolving the debate on the stepwise and concerted mechanism of hydrogen abstraction. Our proposed new mechanisms for 2‐ethoxy‐1‐phenylethanone are based on the energy, HOMO‐LUMO, dipole moments, etc. We provide modifications to experimentally proposed mechanisms or completely new mechanism with Hammett, synchronicity, singlet fission and relative rate equations to explain successfully the previous result. At the end, we show why an unusual effect of the nitro substituent exists in it.
The contributions of the left hippocampus and bilateral inferior parietal lobule to form‐meaning associative learning
Authors: Qu Jing , Hu Liyuan , Liu Xiaoyu , Dong Jie , Yang Rui , Mei Leilei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExisting studies have identified crucial roles for the hippocampus and a distributed set of cortical regions (e.g., the inferior parietal cortex) in learning novel words. Nevertheless, researchers have not clearly determined how the hippocampus and cortical regions dynamically interact during novel word learning, especially during form‐meaning associative learning. As a method to address this question, we used an online learning paradigm and representational similarity analysis to explore the contributions of the hippocampus and neocortex to form‐meaning associative learning. Twenty‐nine native Chinese college students were recruited to learn 30 form‐meaning pairs, which were repeated 7 times during fMRI scan. Form‐meaning associative learning elicited activations in a wide neural network including regions required for word processing (i.e., the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and the occipitotemporal cortex), regions required for encoding (i.e., the bilateral parahippocampus and hippocampus), and regions required for cognitive control (i.e., the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). More importantly, our study revealed the differential roles of the left hippocampus and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in form‐meaning associative learning. Specifically, higher pattern similarity in the bilateral IPL in the early learning phase (repetitions 1 to 3) was related to better learning performance, while higher pattern similarity in the left hippocampus in the late learning phase (repetitions 5 to 7) was associated with better learning performance. These findings indicate that the hippocampus and cortical regions (e.g., the IPL) contribute to form‐meaning learning in different stages.
Virtual relationships: Anthropomorphism in the digital age
Authors: Koike Mayu , Loughnan Steve 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor most of human history we have ascribed human‐like capacities to other entities (anthropomorphism). Recently, the digital age has created new entities: virtual agents (VAs). Increasingly, these virtual entities are complex and human‐like, specifically designed to elicit anthropomorphism from their owners and users. We employ social psychological research and theory to review how, why, and when people come to anthropomorphize VAs. Moving beyond static representations, we examine the dynamics of human‐VA relationships and how they are encroaching on the closest of human relationships, virtual love. We use the social psychology of close relationships to examine the ways in which people may form, maintain, and terminate relationships with VAs. We conclude by examining the potential costs and benefits of these new relationships.
Radically Truncated Clauses in Hungarian and Beyond: Evidence for the Fine Structure of the Minimal VP
Authors: Halm Tamás 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores the syntax of radically truncated clauses in colloquial Hungarian. I argue that radically truncated clauses arise when, in informal speech situations and under time pressure, the derivation is terminated prematurely, at the VP level, and the bare VP (lacking any of the higher functional projections) is sent to spellout (PF) and semantic interpretation (LF). Due to their radically truncated nature, such clauses provide us a unique window through which it becomes possible to explore the fine structure of the minimal VP in itself. I show that radically‐truncated‐clause data are highly relevant to various theoretical questions, such as the head–complement branching order, the adjunction analysis of topicalization and quantification, and the split‐DP proposal. I argue that observations about radically truncated clauses support the availability of OV as a nonderived, basic word order, that they are in line with the adjunction analysis of topicalization and quantifier raising, and that they corroborate the split‐DP analysis of arguments. The discussion is supported with evidence from corpus data and with rigorous statistical analysis of grammaticality‐judgment‐survey results.
Cytosolic geraniol and citronellol biosynthesis require a Nudix hydrolase in rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens)
Authors: Bergman Matthew E. , Bhardwaj Mridula , Phillips Michael A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryGeraniol, citronellol and their esters are high‐value acyclic monoterpenes used in food technology, perfumery and cosmetics. A major source of these compounds is the essential oil of rose‐scented geraniums of the genus Pelargonium. We provide evidence that their biosynthesis mainly takes place in the cytosol of glandular trichomes via geranyl monophosphate (GP) through the action of a Nudix hydrolase. Protein preparations could convert geranyl diphosphate (GDP) to geraniol in in vitro assays, a process which could be blocked by inorganic phosphatase inhibitors, suggesting a two‐step conversion of GDP to geraniol. Pelargonium graveolens chemotypes enriched in either geraniol or (−)‐citronellol accumulate GP or citronellyl monophosphate (CP), respectively, the presumed precursors to their monoterpenoid end products. Geranyl monophosphate was highly enriched in isolated glandular trichomes of lines producing high amounts of geraniol. In contrast, (−)‐isomenthone‐rich lines are depleted in these prenyl monophosphates and monoterpene alcohols and instead feature high levels of GDP, the precursor to plastidic p‐menthane biosynthesis. A Nudix hydrolase cDNA from Pelargonium glandular trichomes, dubbed PgNdx1, encoded a cytosolic protein capable of hydrolyzing GDP to GP with a KM of about 750 nm but is only weakly active towards farnesyl diphosphate. In citronellol‐rich lines, GDP, GP and CP were detected in nearly equimolar amounts, while citronellyl diphosphate was absent, suggesting that citronellol biosynthesis may proceed by reduction of GP to CP in this species. These findings highlight the cytosol as a compartment that supports monoterpene biosynthesis and expands the roles of Nudix hydrolases in the biosynthesis of plant volatiles.
High‐throughput measuring of meiotic recombination rates in barley pollen nuclei using Crystal Digital PCRTM
Authors: Ahn Yun‐Jae , Fuchs Joerg , Houben Andreas , Heckmann Stefan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBreeding exploits novel allelic combinations assured by meiotic recombination. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) single pollen nucleus genotyping enables measurement of meiotic recombination rates in gametes before fertilization without the need for segregating populations. However, so far, established methods rely on whole‐genome amplification of every single pollen nucleus due to their limited DNA content, thus restricting the number of analyzed samples. In this study, high‐throughput measurements of meiotic recombination rates in barley pollen nuclei without whole‐genome amplification were performed through a Crystal Digital PCRTM‐based genotyping assay. Meiotic recombination rates within two centromeric and two distal chromosomal intervals were measured in hybrid plants by genotyping a total of >42 000 individual pollen nuclei (up to 4900 nuclei analyzed per plant). Determined recombination frequencies in pollen nuclei were similar to frequencies in segregating populations. We improved the efficiency of the genotyping by pretreating the pollen nuclei with a thermostable restriction enzyme. Additional opportunities for a higher sample throughput and a further increase of the genotyping efficiency are presented and discussed. Taken together, single barley pollen nucleus genotyping based on Crystal Digital PCRTM enables reliable, rapid and high‐throughput meiotic recombination measurements within defined chromosomal intervals of intraspecific hybrid plants. The successful encapsulation of nuclei from a range of species with different nuclear and genome sizes suggests that the proposed method is broadly applicable to genotyping single nuclei.
Platelet‐enhanced plasma: Characterization of a novel candidate resuscitation fluid's extracellular vesicle content, clotting parameters, and thrombin generation capacity
Authors: Price Joshua , Gardiner Chris , Harrison Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet transfusion is challenging in emergency medicine because of short platelet shelf life and stringent storage conditions. Platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles (PEV) exhibit platelet‐like properties. A plasma generated from expired platelet units rich in procoagulant PEV may be able to combine the benefits of plasma and platelets for resuscitation while increasing shelf life and utilizing an otherwise wasted resource.Study design and methodsFreeze–thaw cycling of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) followed by centrifugation to remove platelet remnants was utilized to generate platelet‐enhanced plasma (PEP). An in vitro model of dilutional coagulopathy was also designed and used to test PEP. Rotational thromboelastometry and calibrated automated thrombography were used to assess clotting and extracellular vesicles (EV) procoagulant activity. Capture arrays were used to specifically measure EV subpopulations of interest (ExoView™, NanoView Biosciences). Captured vesicles were quantified and labeled with Annexin‐V‐FITC, CD41‐PE, and CD63‐AF647. Platelet alpha granule content (platelet‐derived growth factor AB, soluble P‐selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and neutrophil activating peptide 2‐chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 7) was measured. Commercially available platelet lysates were also characterized.ResultsPEP is highly procoagulant, rich in growth factors, exhibits enhanced thrombin generation, and restores hemostasis within an in vitro model of dilutional coagulopathy. The predominant vesicle population were PEV with 7.0 × 109 CD41+PS+ EV/ml compared to 4.7 × 107 CD41+PS+ EV/ml in platelet‐free plasma (p = .0079). Commercial lysates show impaired but rescuable clotting.DiscussionPEP is a unique candidate resuscitation fluid containing high PEV concentration with preliminary evidence, indicating a potential for upscaling the approach using platelet concentrates. Commercial lysate manufacturer workflows may be suitable for this, but further optimization and characterization of PEP is required.