bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEC: A deep‐learning based edge‐cloud orchestrated system for recyclable garbage detection
Authors: Luo Qianqian , Lin Zhenzhou , Yang Guohua , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2021

SummaryTo identify recyclable garbage via the garbage classification is an effective countermeasure for protecting the environment. An automatic classification system supported by image recognition technologies is able to significantly reduce huge human labors of recycling tasks. However, performing the real‐time and accurate garbage detection is not a trivial task. In this article, we present an edge‐cloud framework equipped with deep learning model for recyclable garbage detection. Specifically, we propose to use the deep convolutional neural network for garbage images classification, and thus design the collaborative mechanism between edge devices and the cloud server. As a result, we design and develop a novel recyclable garbage detection system, where scanning garbage images and thus detecting recyclable ones can be completed in real‐time. We validate the performances of the proposed recyclable garbage detection system on 1000 real‐life household garbage images. Experimental results show the overall accuracy of our system reaches nearly 90%, and the time for detection is less than 500 ms.
Effects of Nitrogen Content on the Structural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of ZrN Thin Films Grown on AISI 316L by Radiofrequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Azibi Mourad , Saoula Nadia , Madaoui Noureddine , Aknouche Hamid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZirconium nitride films are deposited onto stainless steel AISI 316L and silicon (100) by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at different nitrogen flow ratios [N2/(Ar+N2)] varied between 0 and 0.25). Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman are used to investigate the surface morphology and microstructure of the thin films. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of all coatings are evaluated and compared with the uncoated AISI 316L to explore the efficiency of surface modification. The XRD and Raman analysis show that all the films are crystalline. This shows that the increased nitrogen content leads to a transformation from hexagonal α‐Zr phase to cubic c‐Zr and then to mixed α‐Zr and face centered cubic c‐ZrN phases. The films deposited with nitrogen flow ratio of 0.2 show the highest hardness of 32.2 GPa. Using the potentiodynamic polarization method, the corrosion behavior of the films is studied in Hank's solution. The comparison between uncoated and coated substrates shows a decrease in corrosion current density for all coated samples.
Molecular imaging in masseter muscle observed by muscle function magnetic resonance imaging and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with a jaw deformity
Authors: Arakawa Masahiro , Kitahara Toru , Inadomi Daisuke , Iikubo Masahiro , Hyakutake Hiroto , Yuasa Kenji , Takahashi Ichiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal mandibular protrusion would influence to the muscle fatigue of the masticatory muscles. Establishing a diagnostic procedures combining physiological and biochemical information is necessary for quantitative evaluation of masticatory muscle fatigue.ObjectiveThe transverse relaxation time (T2 time) of muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI), and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to investigate the reliability as parameters for measuring the masseter muscle in patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism.MethodThe subjects were 19 patients diagnosed as skeletal mandibular protrusions and 19 healthy subjects as a control group. Transverse relaxation time (T2 value) determined by mfMRI along with creatine phosphate (PCr) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) determined by 31P‐MRS before, during, and after clenching were used for molecular imaging of muscle fatigue.ResultsThe average T2 value of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group at rest. Furthermore, the average T2 value transiently increased in both groups during experimental clenching. The PCr and Pi showed a tendency toward a transient decrease and increases, respectively. The pH in the masseter muscle showed a transient decrease in both groups prior to and following experimental clenching. The pH in the masseter muscle of the patient group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group at rest and recovery.ConclusionWe showed mfMRI and 31P‐MRS are useful for evaluating masseter fatigue during clenching, and the masseter muscle in the prognathic patients showed more severe fatigue than the healthy controls.
The pathogenic mechanism of oral bacteria and treatment with inhibitors
Authors: Elgreu Thuraya , Lee Sean , Wen Sabrina , Elghadafi Radwa , Tangkham Thanarut , Ma Yun , Liu Bing , Dibart Serge , Tang Xiaoren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to introduce the evidence obtained through extensive research that periodontitis increases risk of many systemic diseases.MethodAnalysis of some oral bacteria (P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum) and its related treatments and mediators by the specific methods (western blot, ELISA, etc).ResultsThis article reviews in detail the evidence obtained through extensive research that periodontitis increases risk of many systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases are known to be associated with some certain specific gram‐negative bacteria as periodontal pathogens, which induce inflammation and related diseases through TLR receptors, kinases, transcriptional factors and other cytokines. We also reviewed the latest research for inhibitors against inflammation and related diseases that have potential to be further applied clinically. In addition, based on a large amount of research evidence, we draw two tables about the mechanism of disease caused by periodontal bacteria, so that readers can easily search and analyze these research results.DiscussionThis review details how the periodontal bacteria and their virulence factors can trigger host immune defense and induce many systemic diseases via inflammation and invasion. This Review also addressed the latest research around inhibitors against inflammation.
Social constructions of conflict and mediation as factors in mediation program decisions
Authors: Hullman Gwen A. , Kwiatkowski Michael J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe argue that social construction theory can be used to inform data gathering techniques before launching a mediation program. Focus groups were consulted to gather attitudes, metaphors, and perceptions of a proposed mediation program. The results influenced decisions about the program structure. The influence of the focus group analysis on revised program structure are shared. Framing programmatic decisions in light of socially constructed ideas of conflict should ensure better program utilization and impact.
Electrical characteristics for triangular resistors–capacitors–inductors network designed on two coats
Authors: Ammar Noemen , Asad Jihad , Jarrar Rabab 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis work deals with a theoretical study of a triangular electrical lattice built on two layers. First, the auxiliary source notion is introduced for characterizing the potential difference over each electrical element, then the mathematical formalism of the Wave Concept Iterative Process (WCIP) method is developed and adapted to the studied circuit. The method is based on the concept of the incident and reflected waves which are defined from the current and voltage at each branch of the circuit. Two relations connecting the waves are established into two definition domains: a spectral domain using the Kirchhoff laws and the auxiliary source connections and another spatial domain defining the boundary conditions and the circuit design. Hence, a system of two equations is obtained, and it is resolved by an iterative process; the transition between the two domains is ensured by the fast Fourier transform and its inverse. Moreover, the equivalent impedance between the feeding source and the nodes of the bottom layer has been calculated. Among the numerical simulation methods, this method has demonstrated its performance for analyzing various designs of the networks including resistors–inductors (RL), resistors–capacitors (RC), and resistors–capacitors–inductors (RLC) circuits excited by a lumped voltage source. The effect of the circuit parameters on the electrical currents and equivalent impedance has been studied.
SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiac remodelling: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized cardiac magnetic resonance imaging trials
Authors: Dhingra Nitish K. , Mistry Nikhil , Puar Pankaj , Verma Raj , Anker Stefan , Mazer C. David , Verma Subodh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsRecent large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated efficacy of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in both preventing and treating heart failure (HF). SGLT2i‐induced reversal of left ventricular remodelling has been proposed as a mechanism contributing to this effect.Methods and resultsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs to compare SGLT2i versus placebo (treatment duration >3 months) on cardiac remodelling parameters as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in patients with HF and/or diabetes. The PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched until 15 June 2021. Our primary outcome was change in absolute left ventricular mass (LVM) from baseline to study endpoint. Secondary outcomes included changes in LVM indexed to body surface area, left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to study endpoint. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess risk of bias. Five studies representing 408 patients were included. SGLT2i was associated with greater LVM regression compared to placebo (MD, −5.76 g; 95% CI, −10.87 g to −0.64 g, I2 = 73%; overall effect, P < 0.03; four RCTs). Statistical subgroup differences were not observed in our sensitivity analysis focusing on HF with reduced ejection fraction (P = 0.37) and were observed in our sensitivity analysis focusing on diabetes (P < 0.001). SGLT2i was not associated with statistical changes in LV mass indexed to body surface area (I2 = 75%; P = 0.16; five RCTs), LVESV (I2 = 87%; P = 0.07; five RCTs), LVEDV (I2 = 81%; P = 0.20; five RCTs), nor LVEF (I2 = 85%; P = 0.19; five RCTs) versus placebo. Sixty per cent of RCTs had low risk of bias.ConclusionsSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors treatment was associated with a reduction in left ventricular mass as assessed by cMRI.
Insight into pain syndromes in acute phase of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19: Frequency, clinical characteristics, and associated factors
Authors: Oguz‐Akarsu Emel , Gullu Gizem , Kilic Erhan , Dinç Yasemin , Ursavas Ahmet , Yilmaz Emel , Zarifoglu Mehmet , Karli Necdet ,   Pandemic Study Team
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain has been frequently described as a clinical feature of COVID‐19, and the main pain syndromes that have been associated with the acute phase of this disease so far are headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and neuropathic pain. Understanding the characteristics of pain symptoms is crucial for a better clinical approach.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed as having COVID‐19 using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. Patients were asked to complete a 51‐item questionnaire via a phone interview, which included questions on demographics, acute COVID‐19 symptoms, the presence of pain symptoms, and their characteristics in the acute phase of COVID‐19.ResultsA total of 222 out of 266 patients with COVID‐19 participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 83.5%. A total of 159 patients reported at least one kind of pain syndrome with a prevalence of 71.6%. Myalgia was reported in 110 (49.6%) patients, headache in 109 (49.1%), neuropathic pain symptoms in 55 (24.8%), and polyarthralgia in 30 (13.5%) patients. A total of 66 patients reported only one type of pain, 46 reported two types, 42 reported three types, and five patients reported all four types of pain. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant associations between these pain syndromes and a strong association was found between neuropathic pain and headache.ConclusionPain is a frequently observed symptom of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19. There are significant relationships between pain syndromes in COVID‐19, which may be due to a sequence of common etiologic factors.SignificanceThis study described the main pain syndromes associated acute phase of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 and its associated features. Headaches and pain of neuropathic characteristics were prevalent in this sample.
In vitro electrochemical assays for vascular cells and organs
Authors: Utagawa Yoshinobu , Hiramoto Kaoru , Nashimoto Yuji , Ino Kosuke , Shiku Hitoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVascular form vascular organs and the walls of blood vessels play a crucial role in transporting nutritive compounds and drugs. Vascular cells also release factors required to maintain the homeostasis of the organs. Since cancer cells travel from tumors to secondary sites during metastasis through the vasculature, it is important to investigate the interactions of vascular and cancer cells. In vitro vascular models, including endothelial cell monolayers, tubular structures in three‐dimensional culture scaffolds, and microfluidic cultures, have been developed to facilitate research on drug discovery and in‐depth disease mechanisms. In addition to the common optical methods proposed for the evaluation of these models, electrochemical assays have been applied for evaluating cell activities and drug effects owing to their numerous advantages such as low invasion, real‐time detection, or high sensitivity and selectivity. The present review focuses on electrochemical assays related to vascular model structure and function. First, we summarize strategies for the electrochemical detection of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; assessment of endothelial cell barrier integrity using transepithelial electrical resistance measurements; endothelial permeability measurement using electrochemical tracers; evaluation of respiration activity, topography, and mRNA expression via electrochemical collection. We further discuss the methods for electrochemical cell analysis in detail, along with the variety of electrochemical systems available for these purposes, including microfluidic devices and electrochemical scanning probe microscopes. Finally, we conclude our review and propose perspectives for research that are likely to become relevant in the field.
Modeling of rocking frames under seismic loading
Authors: Diamantopoulos Spyridon , Fragiadakis Michalis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel modeling approach for the seismic response assessment of rocking frames is presented. Rocking frames are systems with columns that are allowed to fully, or partially, uplift. Despite the apparent lack of a mechanism to resist lateral forces, they have a remarkable capacity against earthquake loading. Rocking frames are found in old structures, for example, ancient monuments, but it is also a promising design concept for modern structures such as bridges or buildings. The proposed modeling can be implemented in a general‐purpose structural analysis software, avoiding the difficulties that come with the need of formulating and solving specifically tailored differential equations, or the use of detailed computational models. Different configurations of a rocking portal frame problem are examined. The model is based on rigid, or flexible, beam elements that describe the members of the frame. Negative‐stiffness rotational springs are smartly positioned at the rocking interfaces in order to simulate the rocking restoring moment, while the mass and the rotational moment of inertia are considered either lumped or distributed. Both the cases of rigid and flexible piers/columns are discussed, while it is shown that frames with restrained columns can be considered in a straightforward manner. A simple alternative based on an equivalent oscillator that follows the generalized rocking equation of motion is also investigated. The efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed modeling is demonstrated with the aid of carefully chosen case studies.
Experimental study on the characteristics of wind turbine wake field considering yaw conditions
Authors: Zhao Xiuyong , Hu Tianyu , Zhang Lidong , Liu Zhitan , Wang Sheng , Tian Wenxin , Yang Zhile , Guo Yuanjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the wake of a wind turbine yaw and its influence on the output power of the downstream wind turbine. A wind turbine model (hub height and diameter of 1.2 m and 1.0 m, respectively) was used in the experiments, and the yaw angle of the upstream wind turbine was successively varied through values of 0°, 15°, and 30°. The wind speed and the intensity of turbulence in the wake region were measured using a hot‐wire anemometer. The measuring positions were changed to 3, 5, and 7 rotor diameters behind the upstream wind turbine. In addition, the output power of the downstream wind turbine model was measured using the rotational speed torque meter. The results show that, in the case of large‐angle yaw of the upstream wind turbine, the recovery of the wind speed in the wake area was greatly improved, and up to 30% recovery was achieved. The power output of the downstream wind turbine was also significantly increased. Under the yaw conditions of 15° and 30° for the upstream wind turbine, the average output power of the downstream wind turbine increased by 17.6% and 21.6%, respectively.
Super‐stable mineralization effect of layered double hydroxides for heavy metals: Application in soil remediation and perspective
Authors: Kong Xianggui , Hao Peipei , Duan Haohong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAgriculture soil plays a crucial role in sustainable development of human society. Unfortunately, soil quality is continuing degradation due to industrial and agricultural activities. Among them, agriculture soil contamination by heavy metals has become a serious threat to global food safety and human health. Because of low‐cost, easy to implement, and fast effects, in situ chemical stabilization strategy has drawn great attention in soil remediation fields. However, since heavy metals are not removed from soil, it is still a great challenge to develop the cost‐effective stabilizers with strong and long‐term immobilization ability. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been extensively applied in environmental fields owing to their unique structure. Very recently, LDHs have been used as amendment in in situ soil remediation for immobilization of heavy metals, exhibiting excellent long‐term stability in practice application through trapping heavy metal ions into the lattice of LDHs layer. Given that the super‐stable mineralization effect of LDHs for heavy metals, we summarize the structure of LDHs, key points of super‐stable mineralization, practical challenges, and potential applications in other heavy metals pollution scenarios in this article, wishing that could provide new strategies and insights into rational designing of amendments for soil remediation.
A survey‐based study concerning public comprehension of two‐component EXIT/NO‐EXIT signage concepts
Authors: Xie Hui , Galea Edwin R. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryEmergency signage conveys exit route information enabling occupants to identify and utilise emergency exits during evacuation. However, it has been frequently demonstrated that static signs are insufficient to attract people's attention. Previous incidents also demonstrate that if exit routes and exits become compromised by the incident, static signs are unable to adapt as required. A goal of the signage industry is to address these limitations while maintaining the clear and unambiguous information conveyed. A signage concept addressing these limitations incorporating a pair of linked adjacent signs, a standard EXIT sign and a text‐based ‘NO‐EXIT’ sign, is proposed. At any one time, only one sign is activated, displaying either EXIT or NO‐EXIT. The active sign can also flash to improve detectability. To assess whether this concept was acceptable, an online international survey, based on the ANSI Z535.3 comprehension test methodology was conducted. The results demonstrate that this novel concept fails to meet the acceptance criteria for safety signs, and as a result, the concept was abandoned by the manufacturer. This study also highlights the importance of conducting comprehension tests for any new safety signage design and the need for composing guidelines for design and application of dynamic signs.
Analysis and mathematical modeling of the survival kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in raw pork under dynamic and static temperature conditions
Authors: Bai Xue , Xu Ying , Shen Yong , Guo Na 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe incidence of frequent foodborne disease outbreaks due to Staphylococcus aureus contamination necessitates the urgent searching for effective methods to monitor S. aureus. This research aims to construct model with a dynamic survival curve and some static growth curves to predict the behavior of S. aureus in raw pork. Lack of research about S. aureus kinetics in pork under fluctuating temperature conditions across freezing and thawing necessitates this study. One‐step analysis was used to determine the model parameters, which was more efficient than conventional model analysis with two steps. The results of kinetic analysis showed that Tmin (minimum growth temperature) was 6.85°C, which is close to the estimated values in previous reports. Subsequently, validation results indicated the integrated model can accurately predict the behavior of S. aureus regardless of isothermal or nonisothermal conditions with the root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE < 0.44 log CFU/g, 73.9% of the errors of prediction falls within ±0.5 log CFU/g), accuracy factors Af and bias factors Bf were both close to 1. This work may offer an effective method for the assessment of microbial security related to S. aureus in pork.
Polysaccharides isolated from Bangia fuscopurpurea induce apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer A2780 cells
Authors: Wu Jingna , Lin Changhong , Chen Xiaoting , Pan Nan , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough ovarian cancer is common, its prognosis remains poor because of drug resistance and early metastasis. Polysaccharides extracted from Bangia fuscopurpurea (BFP) are potential anti‐cancer agents, but the mechanisms underlying their effects in human ovarian cancer remain unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of action of BFP polysaccharides in A2780 ovarian cancer cells using cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and autophagy assays. Transwell assays indicated that BFP inhibited cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry analysis showed that BFP treatment induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production, while significantly reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed changes in the expression of apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related cellular mRNAs and proteins, respectively, following BFP treatment for 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that BFP induced autophagy in A2780 cells. These findings demonstrate that BFP may be useful for developing functional foods for cancer therapy.