bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiplatelet Agents Utilization Pattern and Assessment of Patient Specific Drug use Problems among Cardiac Patient
Authors: Hadia Rajesh , Shah Priyanshi , John Johncy Mariam , Patel Rutvi , Gohel Kushal kumar , Mathew Cinosh , Rathod Trupal , Joshi Dhaval , Maheshwari Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

Background: Antiplatelet agents reduce the occurrence of the cardiovascular issue in people with established cardiovascular disease.
Objective: To understand the pattern of Antiplatelet drug utilization among cardiovascular disease patients. To evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy and responsible factors like age, gender, co-morbid condition, and patient-related drug use problems.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study. Patients with cardiovascular disease above 18 years of age were prescribed antiplatelet agents from the department of cardiology and ICCU were enrolled in the study.
Result: A total of 150 patients were enrolled of which male 79% (N=119) and female 21% (N=31). Most patients belong to 51-60 years of age groups. The patients diagnosed with IWMI (inferior wall myocardial infarction) 43.3% (N=65) have highly prescribed antiplatelet agents. Smoking 54.7% (N=82) followed by Alcohol 26.7% (N=40) found to be the most dominant risk factors.60.7% (N=91) patients had no comorbidity followed by 31.3% (N=47) had a comorbid cardiac condition. Most prescribed antiplatelet agents were monotherapy of Aspirin 28.8% (N=43), Clopidogrel 16.7% (N=25), and combination therapy of both 51.2% (N=82).
Conclusion: The study concluded that increases in the number of co-morbidities can significantly increase the Utilization of drugs which can further lead to drug use problems. The clinical pharmacist can help to alleviate the problems of polypharmacy and its consequence.
Evolution of
TLR5
Authors: Pinheiro Ana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

TLR5
is an evolutionary conserved protein. Evidence so far shows that it emerged in a vertebrate ancestor and maintained its flagellin recognition function throughout evolution. The single
TLR5
gene that was present in the vertebrates' ancestor was duplicated in the Actinopterygii lineage originating a short ECD only
TLR5
(TLR5S). The single
TLR5
again suffered a duplication in the tetrapoda ancestor originating another short ECD only
TLR5
(TLR5L). This TLR5L was then independently lost in the Reptilia Archosauromorpha lineage, which comprises crocodiles and birds, and in the mammals' lineage, and is nowadays present only in Amphibians and most reptiles.
TLR5
pseudogenisation events are common, with higher incidence in birds and mammals. These gene gains and losses may reflect species adaptation to particular environments and pathogens. It is also apparent that, in birds and mammals,
TLR5
may be functionally redundant and is acquiring new functions beyond flagellin recognition.

Key Concepts

TLR5
is a vertebrate Toll‐like receptor that binds bacterial flagellin.

TLR5
is overall an evolutionary conserved protein being present and maintaining its function from lampreys to mammals.

The
TLR5
evolution has been punctuated by several independent gene gains and losses, characteristic events of a multigene family evolution.

In birds and mammals, the finding of positively selected codons suggests that
TLR5
is evolving in response to pathogen pressure.

Growing evidence suggests that
TLR5
function may be redundant, and hence, the gene has been lost or pseudogenised in many birds and mammals.
Tiering in the Sea – Reefs and Burrows (Late Palaeozoic)
Authors: Wood Rachel A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTiering is often considered as a proxy for the ecological complexity of ancient communities. Vertically tiered and cryptic habitats created by the development of reefs provided local sites of hard substrates within the tropics that served as centres for biodiversification. Ancient reefs in the Late Palaeozoic were dominated by microbial communities that formed complex substrate topographies, together with a variety of calcified algae and suspension‐feeding metazoans that populated open and cryptic surfaces. Tiering in epifaunal communities increased significantly in the Ordovician to form complex tiered communities that persisted throughout the Palaeozoic. By contrast, infaunal tiering developed slowly, with occupation of deeper depths being achieved only by the Lower Carboniferous. Post‐Permian mass extinction epibenthic and infaunal biotas were of very low diversity and composed of small‐sized, low‐tiered suspension‐feeding opportunists. Epifaunal communities increased in complexity and tiering after approximately one million years as crinoids and bryozoans returned. Complexity and depth of burrowing communities only returned to precrisis levels by the Middle Triassic.Key ConceptsReefs provide diverse hard substrates for colonisation of the benthos and therefore create vertically tiered and cryptic habitats with high biodiversity.Tropical reefs have served as centres for metazoan biodiversification from the late Ediacaran onwards.Tiering is considered as a proxy for the ecological complexity of ancient communities.Late Palaeozoic reefs and mud mounds bore complex substrate topographies produced in part by microbial carbonate production supported diverse and well‐tiered open and cryptic communities that persisted to the end of the Permian.Infaunal tiering developed slowly from the Ordovician, with occupation of deeper depths being achieved only by the Lower Carboniferous.Post‐Permian mass extinction epibenthic and infaunal biotas consisted of very low diversity, small‐sized and low‐tiered communities.Epifaunal communities increased in complexity and tiering as crinoids and bryozoans returned. Infaunal communities saw the return of suspension feeders and finally crustaceans, but the size and depth of burrowing communities only returned to precrisis levels by the Middle Triassic.
Fervidobacteriaceae
Authors: Farrell Anne A. , Nesbø Camilla L. , Zhaxybayeva Olga , L'Haridon Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Fer.vi.do.bac.te.ri.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Fervidobacterium
, type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. suff.
‐aceae
, ending to denote a family; N. L. fem. pl. n.
Fervidobacteriaceae
, the family whose nomenclatural type is the genus
Fervidobacterium
.

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Thermotogales / Fervidobacteriaceae

The family
Fervidobacteriaceae
comprises
sheathed thermophilic
and
hyperthermophilic
, fermentative, and hydrogen‐producing bacteria. Cells are rod shaped, occurring singly, in pairs, and chains are also observed. The majority of the rods produced spheroids during growth.
Strict anaerobe
. Heterotrophic growth. Optimal growth at 65–80°C.
Reduce sulfur to sulfide
. The family currently accommodates two genera,
Fervidobacterium
and
Thermosipho
. Known habitats are hot springs, terrestrial geothermal aquifers, shallow and deep‐sea hydrothermal vents, and deep subsurface oil reservoirs.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 29.5–45.8.

Type genus:
Fervidobacterium
Patel et al. 1985, VL19, emend. Bhandari and Gupta 2014.
Making the Means to Draw Out Ideas
Authors: Chard Nat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the most radical MArch units at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London is Unit X25, fronted by Nat Chard, Professor of Experimental Architecture, and Emma‐Kate Matthews. Chard has longstanding preoccupations with modelling, strange points of view and optical machines. This often results in his pupils producing work that questions the status quo in architecture and the spatial assumptions on which it is based, resulting in spectacular propositions.
Post‐Operative ‘Post‐isms’: Details of the 21st‐Century Educations of Architecturalists
Authors: Garcia Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe teaching of History and Theory can be as speculative as a design studio, giving the subject a projective emphasis. Mark Garcia, Senior Lecturer at the University of Greenwich, London, renamed the related course at the university as Histories/Theories/Futures and redesigned its content. The programme operates in a much more propositional way than it previously did and often constitutes the intellectual armature of the Masters student's design projects. He describes his modus operandi and shows some of his students’ work.
Drawing on Situational Sites
Authors: Eeckhout Riet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSometimes certain architectural education studios shine out, beacon‐like. Riet Eeckhout’s studio at the Faculty of Architecture at KU Leuven, Belgium is one such. The students relish the freedom to variously explore the potential of relational architectural space and its representation. This freedom results in them devising their own working methods, and raises questions over many of the standard modes of architectural operation.
Building the Future with Architecture
Authors: Hannequin Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Confluence Institute for Innovation and Creative Strategies in Architecture was founded by architect Odile Decq in Paris in 2014 as a small private school exempt from the usual politics and traditionalism of the French architectural academies and university institutions. As the name suggests, it is pedagogically constructed to encourage students to intensively and creatively interact with other disciplines – not just those typically associated with architecture, but also fields related to the body and the visual arts. Associate Professor Nicolas Hannequin examines its ethos and some of the work.
Nanoimprint Lithography Facilitated Plasmonic‐Photonic Coupling for Enhanced Photoconductivity and Photocatalysis
Authors: Gupta Vaibhav , Sarkar Swagato , Aftenieva Olha , Tsuda Takuya , Kumar Labeesh , Schletz Daniel , Schultz Johannes , Kiriy Anton , Fery Andreas , Vogel Nicolas , König Tobias A. F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImprint lithography has emerged as a reliable, reproducible, and rapid method for patterning colloidal nanostructures. As a promising alternative to top‐down lithographic approaches, the fabrication of nanodevices has thus become effective and straightforward. In this study, a fusion of interference lithography (IL) and nanosphere imprint lithography on various target substrates ranging from carbon film on transmission electron microscope grid to inorganic and dopable polymer semiconductor is reported. 1D plasmonic photonic crystals are printed with 75% yield on the centimeter scale using colloidal ink and an IL‐produced polydimethylsiloxane stamp. Atomically smooth facet, single‐crystalline, and monodisperse colloidal building blocks of gold (Au) nanoparticles are used to print 1D plasmonic grating on top of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) slab waveguide, producing waveguide‐plasmon polariton modes with superior 10 nm spectral line‐width. Plasmon‐induced hot electrons are confirmed via two‐terminal current measurements with increased photoresponsivity under guiding conditions. The fabricated hybrid structure with Au/TiO2 heterojunction enhances photocatalytic processes like degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye molecules using the generated hot electrons. This simple colloidal printing technique demonstrated on silicon, glass, Au film, and naphthalenediimide polymer thus marks an important milestone for large‐scale implementation in optoelectronic devices.
Chlorophylls as Molecular Semiconductors: Introduction and State of Art
Authors: Buscemi Gabriella , Vona Danilo , Trotta Massimo , Milano Francesco , Farinola Gianluca M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChlorophylls (Chls) and their derivatives are the most common pigments used for light absorption, energy transfer, and charge separation in photosynthetic organisms. Their functions change upon different aggregation states and specific pigment–protein interactions. Differences in the aromatic π‐system and substituents finely tune Chls electronic, spectroscopic, and supramolecular characteristics. The varieties of Chls species and the possibility of chemical manipulation, together with their exceptional absorption cross section, make them attractive materials for applications as sensitizer in energy conversion devices. Moreover, when deposited as thin films, Chls and their semi‐synthetic derivatives exhibit the typical behavior of molecular organic semiconductors with good charge carrier mobility and Fermi level suitable for their use in optoelectronic devices like phototransistors. This review aims at bridging the possible knowledge and language gap between biochemists and biophysicists working on Chls, and material scientists developing organic optoelectronic devices. Starting from the structural features, and proceeding towards optoelectronic devices, the review offers a critical overview on the uses of Chls as light‐responsive molecular semiconductors known so far. Exploiting the high efficiency of these renewable, biocompatible, and recyclable natural systems can pave the way for next generation biooptoelectronics, including artificial light energy converters, photodetectors, and, more in general, forward‐thinking technologies.
Mucin‐Like Glycoproteins Modulate Interfacial Properties of a Mimetic Ocular Epithelial Surface
Authors: Liu Chunzi , Madl Amy C. , Cirera‐Salinas Daniel , Kress Wolfgang , Straube Frank , Myung David , Fuller Gerald G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDry eye disease (DED) has high personal and societal costs, but its pathology remains elusive due to intertwined biophysical and biochemical processes at the ocular surface. Specifically, mucin deficiency is reported in a subset of DED patients, but its effects on ocular interfacial properties remain unclear. Herein a novel in vitro mucin‐deficient mimetic ocular surface (Mu‐DeMOS) with a controllable amount of membrane‐tethered mucin molecules is developed to represent the diseased ocular surfaces. Contact angle goniometry on mimetic ocular surfaces reveals that high surface roughness, but not the presence of hydrophilic mucin molecules, delivers constant hydration over native ocular surface epithelia. Live‐cell rheometry confirms that the presence of mucin‐like glycoproteins on ocular epithelial cells reduces shear adhesive strength at cellular interfaces. Together, optimal surface roughness and surface chemistry facilitate sustainable lubrication for healthy ocular surfaces, while an imbalance between them contributes to lubrication‐related dysfunction at diseased ocular epithelial surfaces. Furthermore, the restoration of low adhesive strength at Mu‐DeMOS interfaces through a mucin‐like glycoprotein, recombinant human lubricin, suggests that increased frictional damage at mucin‐deficient cellular surfaces may be reversible. More broadly, these results demonstrate that Mu‐DeMOS is a promising platform for drug screening assays and fundamental studies on ocular physiology.
Resistive Switching Effects of Crystal‐Ion‐Slicing Fabricated LiNbO3 Single Crystalline Thin Film on Flexible Polyimide Substrate
Authors: Huang Shitian , Luo Wenbo , Pan Xinqiang , Zhao Jinyan , Qiao Shijun , Shuai Yao , Zhang Kaisheng , Bai Xiaoyuan , Niu Gang , Wu Chuangui , Zhang Wanli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fabrication process and resistive switching properties of flexible single crystalline LiNbO3 (LN) thin films are reported in this paper. Single crystalline LN thin films are transferred onto polyimide (PI) substrate by crystal‐ion‐slicing (CIS) technique using benzocyclobutene (BCB) as bonding layer. Low energy Ar+ irradiation is carried out to introduce a layer with high concentration oxygen vacancies. Uniform and stable resistive switching behaviors are observed in different memristor cells on the same thin film, which can be attributed to the single crystalline properties of the fabricated LN thin films. The on/off ratio is almost the same even when the LN thin film is bended either to different radii or thousand times. Thus, based on CIS technique and Ar+ irradiation, the fabrication method of flexible single crystalline thin films for flexible memristor is established. These results indicate that single crystalline LN thin film on PI substrate is a promising candidate structure for flexible memristor devices. A novel conduction model combined filamentary mechanism and Schottky emission mechanism is proposed to explain the resistive switching behavior.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Identifies Risk Loci for Cluster Headache
Authors: O'Connor Emer , Fourier Carmen , Ran Caroline , Sivakumar Prasanth , Liesecke Franziska , Southgate Laura , Harder Aster V. E. , Vijfhuizen Lisanne S. , Yip Janice , Giffin Nicola , Silver Nicholas , Ahmed Fayyaz , Hostettler Isabel C. , Davies Brendan , Cader M. Zameel , Simpson Benjamin S. , Sullivan Roisin , Efthymiou Stephanie , Adebimpe Joycee , Quinn Olivia , Campbell Ciaran , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Vikelis Michail , Kelderman Tim , Paemeleire Koen , Kilbride Emer , Grangeon Lou , Lagrata Susie , Danno Daisuke , Trembath Richard , Wood Nicholas W. , Kockum Ingrid , Winsvold Bendik S. , Steinberg Anna , Sjöstrand Christina , Waldenlind Elisabet , Vandrovcova Jana , Houlden Henry , Matharu Manjit , Belin Andrea Carmine 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify susceptibility loci for cluster headache and obtain insights into relevant disease pathways.MethodsWe carried out a genome‐wide association study, where 852 UK and 591 Swedish cluster headache cases were compared with 5,614 and 1,134 controls, respectively. Following quality control and imputation, single variant association testing was conducted using a logistic mixed model for each cohort. The 2 cohorts were subsequently combined in a merged analysis. Downstream analyses, such as gene‐set enrichment, functional variant annotation, prediction and pathway analyses, were performed.ResultsInitial independent analysis identified 2 replicable cluster headache susceptibility loci on chromosome 2. A merged analysis identified an additional locus on chromosome 1 and confirmed a locus significant in the UK analysis on chromosome 6, which overlaps with a previously known migraine locus. The lead single nucleotide polymorphisms were rs113658130 (p = 1.92 × 10−17, odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37–1.66) and rs4519530 (p = 6.98 × 10−17, OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.34–1.61) on chromosome 2, rs12121134 on chromosome 1 (p = 1.66 × 10−8, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.22–1.52), and rs11153082 (p = 1.85 × 10−8, OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.19–1.42) on chromosome 6. Downstream analyses implicated immunological processes in the pathogenesis of cluster headache.InterpretationWe identified and replicated several genome‐wide significant associations supporting a genetic predisposition in cluster headache in a genome‐wide association study involving 1,443 cases. Replication in larger independent cohorts combined with comprehensive phenotyping, in relation to, for example, treatment response and cluster headache subtypes, could provide unprecedented insights into genotype–phenotype correlations and the pathophysiological pathways underlying cluster headache. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:193–202
Broadband, High‐Efficiency and Wide‐Incident‐Angle Anomalous Reflection in Groove Metagratings
Authors: Liu Chuanbao , He Jingjin , Zhou Ji , Xu Jianchun , Bi Ke , Chen Junhong , Qiao Lijie , Bai Yang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, some nonplanar metagratings with multilevel asymmetric grooves are demonstrated to produce broadband and high‐efficiency anomalous reflection in wide‐incident‐angle range. First, bipartite metagrating with two asymmetric grooves per unit cell is proposed and optimized by machine learning. It can not only realize a high efficiency (≈88.8%) and large‐angle (≈70°) anomalous reflection under normal incidence, but also preserve the high performance over broad bandwidth (12.0–20.0 GHz) and wide‐incident‐angle range. Furthermore, to improve the large‐angle anomalous reflection at low frequencies, a tripartite metagrating is designed. The participation of more cavity modes makes the metagrating achieve the anomalous reflection with an efficiency greater than 90% over a broader bandwidth from ±1st Rayleigh anomalies to 20.0 GHz (even higher) and a wide range of incident angles from −70° to 70°, which is verified by the experimental measurement. Especially at an incident angle of 20°, the high‐efficiency anomalous reflection is sustained over an ultrabroad frequency range from 9.7 to 21.2 GHz, i.e., a fractional bandwidth of 74.4%. The excellent performance of anomalous reflection and relatively simple structures endow the asymmetric groove metagratings with abundant functions, such as ideal three‐channel retroreflector and abnormal reflector, and make them attractive in highly efficient and extreme wave manipulation.
Task‐adaptive eigenvector‐based projection (EBP) transform for compressed sensing: A case study of spectroscopic profiling sensor
Authors: Zhang Yinsheng , Wang Haiyan , Cheng Yongbo , Qin Xiaolin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe compressed sensing (CS) theory requires the signal to be sparse under some transform. For most signals (e.g., speech and photos), the non‐adaptive transform bases, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and Walsh‐Hadamard transform (WHT), can meet this requirement and perform quite well. However, one limitation of these non‐adaptive transforms is that we cannot leverage domain‐specific knowledge to improve CS efficiency. This study presents a task‐adaptive eigenvector‐based projection (EBP) transform. The EBP basis has an equivalent effect of the principal component loading matrix and can generate a sparse representation in the latent space. In a Raman spectroscopic profiling case study, EBP demonstrates better performance than its non‐adaptive counterparts. At the 1% CS sampling ratio (k), the reconstruction relative mean square errors of DCT, DFT, WHT and EBP are 0.33, 0.68, 0.32, and 0.00, respectively. At a fixed k, EBP achieves much better reconstruction quality than the non‐adaptive counterparts. For specific domain tasks, EBP can significantly lower the CS sampling ratio and reduce the overall measurement cost.
Thermal and dynamic mechanical behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering
Authors: Ciarfaglia Nicola , Laezza Antonio , Lods Louise , Lonjon Antoine , Dandurand Jany , Pepe Antonietta , Bochicchio Brigida 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrospun scaffolds can find numerous applications, including biomedical; for example, tissue engineering. Poly‐L‐lactic acid is considered suitable for these applications, but its low‐thermal stability and its poor mechanical properties limit this polymer use. The aim of this work is to obtain a modulation of the final scaffolds characteristics such as fibers dimension, wettability, elasticity, and resistance to rupture through the choice of the polymers to be electrospun. Different electrospun scaffolds containing gelatin, Poly‐DL‐lactic acid, different percentages of cellulose nanocrystals and an elastin peptide have been produced. Thermal stability, physical structure, and its mechanical behavior have been studied. Results suggest that the electrospun scaffolds show better thermal and mechanical properties than bulk materials; that is, the scaffolds with the best hydrophilic and thermomechanical properties are the samples containing 3% (wt/wt) of CNCs and elastin peptide.