bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kecerdasan Komunikasi Spiritual dalam Upaya Membangun Perdamaian dan Toleransi Beragama
Authors: Bedowi Topikurohman 
Published: July 2021

Setiap saat di setiap sudut wilayah negeri ini pemandangan intoleransi dan kekacauan, bahkan pengalaman dibedakan, diasingkan, direndahkan, dan ditiadakan (the other) mengisi perjalanan hidup bangsa ini. Entah berapa nyawa yang sudah melayang karena intoleransi dan diskriminasi. Penulis pikir perlu kiranya mentranformasikan kembali sebuah tatanan masyarakat “ melek komunikasi” yang didasarkan kecerdasan spiritual. Sehingga dapat disarikan bahwa pengertian “ Spiritual Communication Quotient” adalah suatu proses penyampaian pesan-pesan berbasis nilai-nilai Ilahiah melalui media-atau saluran-saluran tertentu dalam rangka untuk mendapatkan solusi bagi perwujudan perdamaian antarumat beragama di muka bumi. Adapun komponen Kecerdasan Komunikasi ini disarikan dari kandungan Al-Qur’an seperti: berbicara yang efektif (qawlan balighan) dalam QS.An-Nisaa:63, berbicara benar (qawlan sadiddan) dalam QS. An-Nisaa:9, dan berbicara baik (qawlan ma’rufan) dalam QS. Al-Imran:104, berbicara yang lembut (qawlan layinan) dalam QS. Thaahaa:44, berbicara yang pantas (qawlan maysuran) dalam QS Al-Isra:28, dan berbicara yang mulia (qawlan kariman) dalam QS. Al-Isra:23, dan sebagainya. Pendekatan SCQ ini harus diintegrasikan dan diimplemantasikan secara kafah dan istiqamah lagi agar tercipta perdamaian dan tatanan masyarakat yang penuh toleransi.
Hukuman Mati Dalam Lingkaran Kontroversi Etis Kristen
Authors: Kuanine Melyarmes H. 
Published: July 2021

In the implementation of the death sentence is not a sentence given as a criminal offender sentenced to life imprisonment. However, the death penalty is the loss of a person's life due to an error proven guilty based on a court decision (jurisprudence). This right to life maps the death penalty as an ethical issue. The most noble right in life as a gift from God, the applicable legal regulations also place human life in a valuable position both in their roles and positions as well as in their social responsibilities or legal responsibilities and also regarding their rights and obligations. From this impact arose the pros and cons of both secular people and in Christianity itself. The researcher determines a qualitative descriptive method for studying, collecting and compiling data through literature studies that relate to the paradigm of the death penalty in a circle of Christian ethical controversy. Therefore, this article will describe the elements of power, love, truth and justice as the government's duty in showing its identity to enforce the execution of the death penalty and will explain the Christian ethical attitude and perspective of the Christian community towards the execution of the death penalty.

Abstrak
Dalam pelaksanaan hukuman mati bukanlah hukuman yang diberikan sebagai pelaku kejahatan dihukum dengan penjara seumur hidup. Namun hukuman mati merupakan penghilangan nyawa seseorang akibat kesalahan yang terbukti bersalah berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan (jurisprudensi). Hak hidup inilah memetakan hukuman mati sebagai persoalan etis. Hak tersebut paling mulia dalam kehidupan sebagai pemberian Tuhan, peraturan hukum yang berlaku juga menempatkan hidup manusia pada posisi yang berharga baik dalam peran dan posisi maupun dalam tanggung jawab sosial atau tanggng jawab hukumnya dan juga menyangkut hak maupun kewajiban-kewajibannya. Dari dampak ini pun timbul pro dan kontra baik orang sekuler maupun dalam kekristenan sendiri. Peneliti menentukan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mempelajari, mengumpulkan dan menyusun data melalui studi pustaka yang berhubungan dengan paradigma hukuman mati dalam lingkaran kontroversi etika Kristen. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan menguraikan unsur-unsur kekuasaan, kasih, kebenaran dan keadilan sebagai tugas pemerintah dalam memperlihatkan jatidirinya untuk menegakkan pelaksanaan hukuman mati dan akan menjelaskan sikap etis Kristen dan perpektif masyarakat Kristen terhadap pelaksanaan hukuman mati.
Filsafat Sebagai Ancilla Theologiae dan Implementasinya Pada Masa Kini
Authors: Supriadi Made Nopen 
Published: July 2021

Philosophical thinking exists in every human being. But is it true that every philosophical thought is true? Many believers today still have anti-philosophical characteristics. Even though historical facts show that each era has its own philosophical challenges. The historical part of Christianity has shown that there is a good integration between theology and philosophy, so philosophy is said to be ancilla theologiae. Therefore the article was written to try to help believers in theological understanding of philosophical principles as ancilla theologiae and to provide forms of implementation of these principles for believers today.

Abstraksi
Berpikir secara filosofis ada dalam setiap manusia. Namun benarkah setiap pemikiran filosofis adalah benar?. Banyak orang percaya pada masa kini masih memiliki sifat anti-filsafat. Padahal fakta sejarah menunjukkan setiap zaman memiliki tantangan filsafat masing-masing. Bagian sejarah keKristenan telah memperlihatkan adanya integrasi yang baik antara filsafat dan teologi, sehinga filsafat dikatakan sebagai ancilla theologiae. Oleh karena itu artikel ditulis untuk mencoba menolong orang percaya dalam memahami secara teologis prinsip filsafat sebagai ancilla theologiae dan memberikan bentuk implementasi prinsip tersebut dalam kehidupan orang percaya pada masa kini. Agar orang percaya dapat mengerti bagaimana menjawab pemikiran zaman pada masa kini.
Mengkaji Bahaya Sinkretisme dalam Konteks Gereja
Authors: Talan Yesri E. 
Published: July 2021

Syncretism is not just phenomenology in the church but is a real and serious problem. Syncretism is a mixture of Christian faith and culture that results in the congregation losing its identity as a believer, blurred beliefs and do not have absolute truth. Syncretism in the church is a real and serious problem in the life of the church because it negatively impacts spiritual growth.The church cannot grow in true knowledge about Jesus Christ because of the dualism of belief, so Jesus Christ is not the only way of truth and life. The method used in this paper is theological qualitative research. Qualitative is a research method that emphasizes an in-depth understanding of a problem with the process of observation and interview. Conducting literature review and exposition of verses related to the discussion material. This research is descriptive. The results obtained are found the danger of syncretism to the church, namely: the absence of absolute truth in Christ because of the dualism that affects the spiritual growth of the church.

Abstrak
Sinkretisme bukan hanya fenomenologi di gereja tetapi menjadi masalah nyata dan serius. Sinkretisme adalah percampuran antara iman Kristen dengan budaya yang mengakibatkan jemaat kehilangan identitasnya sebagai orang percaya, kepercayaannya kabur dan tidak memiliki kebenaran absolut. Sinkretisme adalah masalah serius dalam kehidupan gereja karena memiliki dampak negatif pada pertumbuhan rohani. Gereja tidak dapat bertumbuh dalam pengenalan yang benar akan Yesus Kristus karena dualisme kepercayaan, sehingga Yesus Kristus bukanlah satu-satunya jalan kebenaran dan kehidupan. Metode yang dipakai dalam peulisan ini adalah kualitatif teologi. Kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang menekankan pada suatu pemahaman secara mendalam terhadap suatu masalah dengan proses observasi dan wawancara. Melakukan kajian pustaka dan eksposisi ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan materi pembahasan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah ditemukan adanya bahaya sinkretisme terhadap jemaat, yaitu: tidak adanya kebenaran mutlak di dalam Kritus karena adanya dualisme yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rohani jemaat.
Memahami Makna Ucapan Yesus Tentang Arti Bahagia: Suatu Kajian Teologis Terhadap Khotbah Yesus Di Bukit
Authors: Talan Yesri Esau 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKSI:Ucapan bahagia yang Yesus ajarkan dalam khotbah-Nya di bukit merupakan the principles of the kingdom of God. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut sebagai acuan utama dalam membangun nilai-nilai kekristenan yang sejati. Tanpa nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kehidupan orang percaya maka kekristenan yang dibangun adalah kekristenan yang palsu. Oleh karena itu sangat penting khotbah Yesus tersebut dipahami dan diaplikasikan sebagai pola dasar.
Metode yang dipakai dalam menganalisis ucapan bahagia Yesus adalah metode kualitatif yang menekankan pada kajian pustaka dan eksegesa ayat-ayat dalam menganalisis Injil Matius 5:1-12. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah ucapan Yesus tentang bahagia merupakan pengajaran praktis sebagai prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam kekristenan.
Integrasi Konsep Calvinisme “Irresistible Grace” Dan “Predestinasi” Ditinjau Dari Teologi Kristen Dan Implementasinya Bagi Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Talan Yesri Esau 
Published: July 2021

Irresistible grace dan predestinasi merupakan konsep Calvinisme yang saling berkaitan
dalam memahami iman Kristen. Menganalisa konsep irresistible grace tanpa mengacu
pada predestinasi Allah maka konsep ini akan dipahami sebagai sebuah pengajaran yang
timpang kebenarannya. Allah dipahami sebagai pribadi yang memaksakan kedaulatan-
Nya bagi manusia. Akan tetapi apabila memahami konsep irresistible grace dan
predestinasi secara utuh, konsep ini akan menjadi sebuah doktrin yang indah dan
memberikan wawasan baru bahwa Allah berdaulat dan anugerah-Nya besar bagi
manusia pendosa. Kasih-Nya tidak dibatasi oleh keberadaan manusia yang berdosa.
Akan tetapi manusia yang berdosa menjadi sasaran untuk menyatakan kasih-Nya.
Implikasinya bagi gereja masa kini dalam memahami konsep Calvinisme sangat
signifikan. Tidak adanya sikap ekslusivisme antar setiap denominasi, sikap oikumene
menjadi fondasi dasar gereja dalam mewujudkan tugasnya di bumi. Metode yang dipakai
dalam menganalisa topik ini adalah metode kualitatif. Kajian pustaka dari sumber-sumber
yang berkaitan dengan judul dan Alkitab menjadi bahan utama dalam menganalisis serta
observasi kasus-kasus di lapangan menjadi bahan tambahan dalam mengkaji topik
tersebut. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah apabila ada pemahaman yang benar akan iman
Kristen (orthodoksi) dan sistem hermeneutika yang benar (ortholatria) akan berdampak
signifikan pada perilaku (orthopraxis). Tidak adanya sikap ekslusivisme antar denominasi
tetapi menciptakan oikumene sebagi wujud dalam menjalankan misi gereja di bumi.
Bespreking van: B. Perrin & T. Tyrrell (Eds.), Changing bureaucracies (2021)
Authors: Jonker Jedid-Jah 
Published: July 2021

Bespreking van: B. Perrin & T. Tyrrell (Eds.), Changing bureaucracies (2021)
Wereldwijd staan overheden voor grote opgaven, zoals klimaatverandering en maatschappelijke ongelijkheid. Hoe kunnen zij zich beter toerusten voor deze opgaven? En welke rol kan evaluatieonderzoek hierbij spelen? Deze vragen staan centraal in het toegankelijk geschreven boek Changing bureaucracies: Adapting to uncertainty, and how evaluation can help (Abingdon/New York: Routledge 2021), onder eindredactie van Burt Perrin en Tony Tyrrell. Jedid-Jah Jonker bespreekt deze bundel en staat hierbij onder meer stil bij de relevantie van de inzichten uit het boek voor de Nederlandse overheid.
Approach with Caution
Authors: Molloy Sean 
Published: July 2021

Approach with Caution: Sunset Clauses as Safeguards of Democracy?
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders across the globe scrambled to adopt emergency legislation. Amongst other things, these measures gave significant powers to governments in order to curb the spreading of a virus, which has shown itself to be both indiscriminate and deadly. Nevertheless, exceptional measures, however necessary in the short term, can have adverse consequences both on the enjoyment of human rights specifically and democracy more generally. Not only are liberties severely restricted and normal processes of democratic deliberation and accountability constrained but the duration of exceptional powers is also often unclear. One potentially ameliorating measure is the use of sunset clauses: dispositions that determine the expiry of a law or regulation within a predetermined period unless a review determines that there are reasons for extension. The article argues that without effective review processes, far from safeguarding rights and limiting state power, sunset clauses can be utilized to facilitate the transferring of emergency powers whilst failing to guarantee the very problems of normalized emergency they are included to prevent. Thus, sunset clauses and the review processes that attach to them should be approached with caution.
Consensual Accommodation of Sharia Law and Courts in Greece
Authors: Koumoutzis Nikos 
Published: July 2021

Consensual Accommodation of Sharia Law and Courts in Greece
Having been exempted from a massive population exchange that took place between Greece and Turkey under the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), the Muslim minority of Western Thrace enjoys ever since a special status providing for the application of the Sharia law in family and succession matters, as well as the jurisdiction of the Mufti for the resolution of relevant disputes. A reform introduced by Law 4511/2018 marks a watershed moment in this long history. From now on, the Sharia law and the Mufti cease to be mandatory; their intervention requires the consent of the members of the minority, who also have the alternative to subject to the civil law and courts. This article tries to explore key features of the new model providing for an accommodation of the Muslim personal legal system based on choice. It focuses on the technique employed to structure the right of choice, on the proper ways for the exercise of choice, on the possibilities offered (or not) to make a partial choice only and revoke a previously made choice. In the end, a further question is raised, concerning how effective the right of choice may prove in the hands of women insiders, given that these are the most likely to experience pressure to demonstrate loyalty and not ignore the traditions and values – including the nomos – of their collective.
Finding an Ideal Contract Law Regime for the International Sale of Goods
Authors: Ceesay Buba 
Published: July 2021

Finding an Ideal Contract Law Regime for the International Sale of Goods
Parties enter into contracts for obtaining specific contractual benefits, and, as a result, they engage in risk allocation hoping that each will keep to its promise. These expectations are sometimes shattered by a breach by one of the parties. The contract at times provides remedies for breach of contract. However, in most cases, the parties’ contract leaves the regulation of the breach to the governing law of the contract. The efficiency of a remedial rule can be judged from the balance that it has put in place in ensuring the risks involved in international transactions are not skewed against the breaching party just because it is in breach. This article thus makes a comparative study between the United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG), UNIDROIT (International Institute for the Unification of Private Law) Principles of International Commercial Contracts (the PICC) and Sales Act (Act No. 4 of 1955) of The Gambia (GSGA) on the right of a creditor to terminate a contract to elucidate the similarities and the differences among the three regimes and to determine which of the regimes provides a suitable contract law model for the international sales of goods. The article reviews and analyses the legal instruments, case law and academic writings under the regimes and concludes that the CISG provides the most suitable contract law model for the international sale of goods.
The Reform of Contract Rules in China’s New Civil Code
Authors: Guo Peng , Li Linxuan 
Published: July 2021

The Reform of Contract Rules in China’s New Civil Code – Successes or Pitfalls
The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (Civil Code) came into force on 1 January 2021. Book III on Contracts of the Civil Code has adopted significant changes compared to the old Chinese Contract Law (Contract Law). This article provides a comprehensive and systemic analysis of those changes from structure to content, from legislative technics to values underpinning the Civil Code. It evaluates all the factors in the context of the development of Chinese society, Chinese culture and Chinese legal system.This article first outlines the historical background of the development of the Contract Law and the Civil Code. It then moves on to compare the Civil Code and the Contract Law, highlighting the changes in structure, the incorporation of new provisions and the amendments to old provisions in light of contemporary Chinese society and culture. Finally, it argues that the Civil Code is a significant milestone in China’s legislative history; that it reflects the legislative experience and judicial practice in China; that it adds provisions which are innovative and of Chinese characteristics to meet the needs of China’s changing society and legal system; and that it keeps pace with the development of the global law reform and harmonization.
Democratic Scrutiny of COVID-19 Laws
Authors: Moulds Sarah 
Published: July 2021

Democratic Scrutiny of COVID-19 Laws: Are Parliamentary Committees Up to the Job?
In response to the complex and potentially devastating threat posed by COVID-19, parliaments around the world have transferred unprecedented powers to executive governments and their agencies (Edgar, ‘Law-making in a Crisis’, 2020), often with the full support of the communities they represent. These laws were passed within days, sometimes hours, with limited safeguards and a heavy reliance on sunsetting provisions, some of which are dependent on the pandemic being officially called to an end. While parliaments themselves have suspended or reduced sitting days (Twomey, ‘A Virtual Australian Parliament is Possible’, 2020), parliamentary committees have emerged as the forum of choice when it comes to providing some form of parliamentary oversight of executive action.This article aims to evaluate the capacity of parliamentary committees established within the Australian, New Zealand (NZ) and United Kingdom (UK) parliaments to effectively scrutinize and review governments’ responses to COVID-19. It does this by comparing the legal framework underpinning the relevant committees in each jurisdiction and examining the work of these committees with a view to offering some preliminary views as to their impact on the shape of the laws made in response to COVID-19 in those jurisdictions. The article concludes by offering some preliminary observations about the scrutiny capacity of the parliamentary committee systems in Australia, NZ and the UK in the context of emergency lawmaking and flags areas for further research, evaluation and reform.
Selected aspects of shaping the adulthood attributes of clients in social work
Authors: Kluczyńska Joanna 
Published: July 2021

The article presents the elements of social work, which are important for shaping the aspects of clients' adulthood. The methods, techniques and forms of help should mobilize the client to be active and independent. In the process of help, it is important to build a mutual relationship between a social worker and a client based on the treating as a subject, showing respect and listening. Such an attitude towards the assisted person is aimed at strengthening him/her on the way to regain control over his/her own life, to build a faith in his/her own possibilities and to take responsibility for his/her own fate and the fate of people dependent on the client. The social worker participates also in the process of empowering young people, who are brought up in foster care, and in the case of children from dysfunctional families, the social worker makes sure that they are not overwhelmed by the challenges of adulthood.
SHAR and effective SIR models: from dengue fever toy models to a COVID-19 fully parametrized SHARUCD framework
Authors: Aguiar Maira , Stollenwerk Nico 
Published: July 2021

We review basic models of severe/hospitalized and mild/asymptomatic infection spreading (with classes of susceptibles S, hopsitalized H, asymptomatic A and recovered R, hence SHAR-models) and develop the notion of comparing different models on the same data set as exemplified in the comparison of SHAR models with effective SIR models, where only the H-class of the SHAR model is taken into account in the SIR model. This is done via the so-called Bayes factor. A simpler pair of models with analytical expressions up to the Bayes factor will be briefly mentioned as well. The notions developed with respect to dengue fever epidemiology will then be used to analyze recently becoming available data on coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, where models can be fully parametrized including hospital admission and more extensions like intensive care unit (ICU) admission and deceased, always with a close look on as simple as possible models but not simpler, as exercised in Ochamâ€™s razor and analyzed by e.g. the Bayes factor. We present the resulting models of SHAR-type with additional classes of ICU admissions U, and deceased D, and for data analysis of cumulative disease data, also accounting the cumulative classes C, in the so-called SHARUCD framework. Besides a first basic version, SHARUCD model 1, we investigate also in detail a refined version, SHARUCD model 2, which could be achieved by a closer analysis of available data only obtained after the exponential growth phase of the epidemic, when lockdown control measures showed effects. Namely, the ICU admissions turned out to be more in synchrony with the hospitalized than with e.g.Â the deceased cases, such that we could adjust the transitions so that ICU admissions are modeled like hospitalizations in model 2, and not like recovery or disease induced death as assumed in model 1, explaining much better the empirical data, specially after the effects of the lockdown became visible. Special attention will be given here, for the first time, to the initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemics, before all variables entered into the exponential phase, and its interplay between asymptomatic and severe hospitalized cases, always in close check with the SIR-limiting case. Such improved understanding of the initial phase will help in the future analysis of re-emergent outbreaks of COVID-19, likely to happen in the next or a subsequent respiratory disease season in autumn or winter.
Hvad kan HyFlex-organiseret undervisning?
Authors: Bregnhøj Henrik , Mathiasen Helle 
Published: July 2021

Fokus i artiklen er på kommunikationens betingelser i HyFlex-undervisning, hvor halvdelen af de studerende på skift kan møde op på campus, mens resten kan følge undervisningen live online. En e-moderator i forelæsningslokalet fungerer som et kommunikativt bindeled mellem online-deltagerne og forelæser.
Artiklens empiri omfatter en kvantitativ og kvalitativ del og har fokus på forelæsninger og de studerendes kommunikative deltagelse.
Undersøgelsesresultaterne fortæller bl.a., at 74% af studerende vælger at følge forelæsningerne online, og at de studerende er enige om, at HyFlex er en god og fleksibel forelæsningsorganisering. Argumenterne for valg af onsite/online-deltagelse viser en vifte af individuelle præferencer.
E-moderator-funktionen er vigtig. Onlinestuderende er mere kommunikativt aktive mht. faglige spørgsmål (gennemsnitlig et bidrag fra hver tredje onlinestuderende i chatten). Chatkommunikationen initierer spørgsmål/svar via e-moderator (IRE-triader), mens interaktion forelæser/onsite og onsite/onlinestuderende (interaktionskæder) har vanskelige vilkår. De studerendes oplevelser indbefatter sparring, spejling, afveksling, engagement og motivation som vigtige parametre for deres tilgang til HyFlex-undervisning.