bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Abscess in the Current Decade (2010–2019) in India—A Review
Authors: Ravikumar R. , John Daisy Vanitha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrain abscess outcomes have improved in recent years due to advancements in cranial imaging, microbiological techniques, minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures, and effective antibiotic treatments. However, the incidence of brain abscess remains unchanged in developing countries. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for references using the key words “brain abscess” and “India” and reviewed both retrospective and prospective studies published in peer-reviewed journals in the current decade to understand the present status. The review shows that the patients’ ages, the predominance of male patients, the symptoms and locations of brain abscesses, and the types of bacteria associated with them have remained unchanged over the past decade. The most common predisposing condition in recent years has been chronic suppurative otitis media with a mortality rate of 7 to 10%. Middle ear infection is often neglected and not treated aggressively in Asian countries. It requires multidisciplinary treatment strategies to address the primary source of infection and better health awareness to prevent the development of brain abscess.
Extraction of an Impacted Foreign Body Bronchus in an Adult Using Flexible Bronchoscopy
Authors: T. Chandramouli M. , Baikunje Nandakishore , Venkataram Rajesh , Hosmane Giridhar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractForeign body aspiration (FBA) can be potentially fatal if the object is large enough to cause nearly complete obstruction of the upper airway. The object causing obstruction beyond the carina can result in less severe clinical presentation. FBA is rare in adults than in children. If the clinical history is not suggestive of FBA, then a high index of suspicion and flexible bronchoscopy can ensure proper diagnosis and prompt intervention. We present a case of an adult with aspirated betel nut in the left main bronchus, removed using flexible bronchoscopy with the aid of a Fogarty balloon catheter following the failure of rigid bronchoscopy.
Perceptions of Surgical and Other Medical Specialties about Medical Oncologists: A Survey among Physicians in a Filipino Tertiary Hospital
Authors: De Veyra Jamila Marie J. , Calma Clevelinda S. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction There are unverified negative perceptions about medical oncologists. Identifying how they are perceived may provide guidance on how to strengthen the positive and correct the negative impressions.
Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 528 physicians. They were asked to answer a Likert scale of opposing descriptors.
Results Two hundred and fifty-nine of 528 physicians completed the questionnaire, yielding a 49% response rate. Medical oncologists were perceived to have a medical rather than social focus to their work, render holistic care, have a multifaceted role, communicate with many other professionals, work more effectively in a team, have deep relationships with patients, and care for their general well-being. They are considered to be the nonsporty, intellectual type, who do not consider themselves superior, but rather treat other physicians as colleagues. They are perceived to not only have the skills to deal with a psychiatric problem and a wide spectrum of patients, have a health education role, require a high level of intellectual skills, collaborate more with others, possess good interpersonal skills with an individual patient, but are also adept within a group. They are autonomous workers, but usually refer patients to other professionals as well. Lack of finances hinders referral to medical oncologists.
Conclusion Perceptions were generally positive in terms of breadth of professional outlook, degree of patient interaction, projected professional image, perception of own professional status, possession of skills for a wide professional scope of responsibility, level of rapport with patient and colleagues, and degree of professional interdependence. Mainly financial factors are the barriers to referral to medical oncologists.
Signatures of self-interstitials in laser-melted and regrown silicon
Authors: Menold T. , Ametowobla M. , Werner J. H. 
Published: May 2021

Photoluminescence spectroscopy investigates epitaxially regrown silicon single crystals after pulsed laser melting for atomic-level lattice defects. The measurements identify a transition from a regime free of defect-related spectral lines to a regime in which spectral lines appear originating from small self-interstitial clusters. This finding of self-interstitial clusters indicates supersaturated concentrations of self-interstitials within the regrown volume. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that recrystallization velocities vre ≈ 1 m/s after laser melting lead to supersaturation of both self-interstitials and vacancies. Their concentrations ci and cv in the regrown volumes are ci ≈ cv ≈ 1017 cm−3. An analytical model based on time-dependent nucleation theory shows a very strong dependence of self-interstitial aggregation to clusters on the cooling rate after solidification. This model explains the transition identified by photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Probing the local emission of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ via X-ray nanoprobe
Authors: Huang Shu-Chi , Wu Yu-Hao , Fu Shih-Yu , Lee Chien-Yu , Chen Bo-Yi , Yin Gung-Chian , Chung Shyan-Lung , Lin Bi-Hsuan , Tang Mau-Tsu 
Published: May 2021

A synchrotron source offers the advantage of continuous and tunable x rays. Therefore, not only an X-ray nanoprobe can provide the desired spatial resolution to measure the elemental distribution of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ via X-ray fluorescence mapping but X-ray absorption spectroscopy can also be used to unambiguously analyze the valence states of europium ions (Eu2+ or Eu3+) in different local areas. X-ray excited optical luminescence spectra exhibit only one red emission peak (∼650 nm) corresponding to the 4f65d1 to 4f7 transition of Eu2+, which reveals the fact that Eu2+ ions substitute perfectly for Ca2+ ions at the same site. Through detailed analysis, we demonstrated that the main contribution to the luminescence intensity of CASIN:Eu2+ comes from the Eu2+ activator in the product. We anticipate that X-ray nanoprobes will open new avenues with great characterization ability for studying the emission properties of CASIN:Eu2+.
Optimization of key power loss for LLC circuits with planar transformer in high-frequency and high-power scenarios
Authors: Ji Ziyi , Min Fuhong , Dou Yiping , Cao Ziqing , Li Xinya 
Published: May 2021

An accurate power loss model, for the design of high-efficiency switching power supplies, is difficult to establish due to the complicated magnetic components where the power loss is hard to calculate. This paper proposed a multi-level power loss model of LLC circuits with a planar transformer of high frequency, high power, and low voltage output. The key loss items can be optimized by using this loss model, the accuracy of which and the feasibility of the optimization method are validated by extensive prototype experiments. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the loss calculation is about 93.6%, and the high efficiency at high-power conversion (95.9% @ 3 kW, 224–16 V) has been realized using an optimized prototype converter.
Degradation kinetics of alkali-activated mortar in aggressive citric acid environment
Authors: Nidhu M S , Sniktha V R , Benny Libin , Thomas Jerin , Ajay Athira , Ramaswamy K P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Acid attack is a complex phenomenon arising in construction industries worldwide as it is responsible for the deterioration of concrete in acidic environments resulting in premature degradation with regard to mass changes, weakening of mechanical properties, and increase in porosity due to calcium leaching. This paper investigates the citric acid resistance of geopolymer composites (GP) and its comparison with conventional concrete system (OPC) in lower and higher concentrations of acid medium. The GP samples displayed increased resistance to citric acid attack than OPC system in terms of mass and strength loss. It was also found that geopolymer mortar made with a blend of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and red mud (RM) offered increased acid resistance based on the parameters studied in the degradation kinetics
Degradation kinetics of alkali-activated pastes in acetic acid
Authors: Ajay Athira , Ramaswamy K P , Thomas Anu V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Growing urban and industrial activities globally are found to be the sources of rising acidic environment. These acidic environments ensue early degradation of concrete in terms of microstructural alteration of phases formulating to mass changes, weakening of mechanical properties, and increase in porosity due to calcium leaching. This paper probes into the acetic acid resistance of geopolymer composites (GP) and its comparison with conventional concrete system (OPC) in 0.125M and 0.25M concentrations of acetic acid medium. The GP samples displayed increased resistance to acetic acid attack in terms of mass and thickness loss. It was also found that blends of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (class F) (FA) with red mud (RM) offered increased acid resistance due to the nature of the main binder gel produced in GP systems.
Earthquake data analysis and data visualization of Maharashtra state, India from 1912 to 2009 using R programming
Authors: Battul Vaishnavi , Helen Santhi M , Malathi G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the seismic data analysis and visualization using R programming for the state of Maharashtra, India. Maharashtra has witnessed a significant number of earthquakes ranging from low to high in magnitude. The past earthquake data of a particular location are useful to the civil and structural engineers for the safe and efficient planning, designing and construction of seismic resistant buildings in that locality. In this paper the past earthquake data of Maharashtra from the year 1912 to 2009 are collected and analyzed. There are 53 earthquake data with magnitudes ranging from 3.6 to 7.2. This analysis shows the relationship between magnitude and depth, intensity and PGA, visualization of classification of earthquakes depends on magnitude and intensity.
Seismic performance assessment of a typified school building damaged during the 2019 Albanian earthquakes
Authors: Hysenlliu Marjo , Bilgin Hüseyin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents the seismic performance evaluation of a typified masonry school building, Shkolla 9-Vjeçare “26 Nëntori”, which was damaged by the recent earthquakes which hit Albanian territory on November 26, 2019. This building was constructed in 1985 by following the template school projects in Albanian construction practice. The current situation of the building was evaluated by considering the provisions of modern codes i.e. Eurocode 6, Eurocode 8 and Turkish building Code. Analytical model of the school building was developed using the experimental test results conducted on the brick units and mortar. Nonlinear static pushover analyses were executed to estimate the seismic capacity, the performance point, and the damage limit state levels. The performance based assessment rules were used for this objective. Deficiencies and weak points were identified by the detailed examination of the pushover curves. Results showed that selected school designed per pre-modern code is far from satisfying the desired criteria, suggesting that urgent response and necessary measures should be put into action.
Classification of certain vertebral degenerations using MRI image features
Authors: Athertya Jiyo S , Saravana Kumar G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective: This article describes a fully automatic system for classifying various spinal degenerative phenotypes namely Modic changes, endplate defects and focal changes which are associated with lower back pain. These are obtained from T1/T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. Lower back pain is a predominantly occurring ailment, which is prone to have various roots including the anatomical and pathophysciological aspects. Clinicians and radiologist use MRI to assess and evaluate the extent of damage, cause, and to decide on the future course of treatment. In large healthcare systems, to circumvent the manual reading of various image slices, we describe a system to automate the classification of various vertebral degeneracies that cause lower back pain. Methods: We implement a combination of feature extraction, image analysis based on geometry and classification using machine learning techniques for identifying vertebral degeneracies. Image features like local binary pattern, Hu’s moments and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based features are extracted to identify Modic changes, endplate defects, and presence of any focal changes. A combination of feature set is used for describing the extent of Modic change on the end plate. Feature sensitivity studies towards efficient classification is presented. A STIR based acute/chronic classification is also attempted in the current work. Results: The implemented method is tested and validated over a dataset containing 100 patients. The proposed framework for detecting the extent of Modic change achieves an accuracy of 85.91%. From the feature sensitivity analysis, it is revealed that entropy based measure obtained from gray level co-occurrence matrix alone is sufficient for detection of focal changes. The classification performance for detecting endplate defect is highly sensitive to the first 2 Hu’s moments. Conclusion: A novel approach to identify the allied vertebral degenerations and extent of Modic changes in vertebrae by exploiting image features and classification through machine learning is proposed. This shall assist radiologists in detecting abnormalities and in treatment planning.
Apical oxygen vibrations dominant role in d-wave cuprate superconductivity and its interplay with spin fluctuations
Authors: Rosenstein B , Shapiro B Ya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microscopic theory of a high T

c
cuprate Bi
2
Sr
2
CaCu
2
O
8+x
based on main pairing channel of electrons in CuO planes due to 40mev lateral vibrations of the apical oxygen atoms in adjacent the SrO ionic insulator layer is proposed. The separation between the vibrating charged atoms and the 2D electron gas creates the forward scattering peak leading in turn to the d -wave pairing within Eliashberg formalism. The phonon mode naturally explain the kink in dispersion relation observed by ARPES and the and effect of the O
16 → O
18 isotope substitution in the normal state. To describe the pseudogap physics a single band fourfold symmetric

t
−

t

′

Hubbard model, with the hopping parameters

t

′

∼
−
0.17
t

and the on site repulsion e U ∼ 6t. It described the Mott insulator at low doping, while at higher dopping the pseudogap physics (still strongly correlated) can be be approximated by the symmetrized mean field model and with renormalized U incorporating screening. The location of the transition line T
*between the locally antiferromagnetic pseudogap and the paramagnetic overdoped phases and susceptibility (describing spin fluctuations coupling to 2DEG) are also obtained within this approximation. The superconducting d - wave gap mainly due to the phonon channel but is assisted by the spin fluctuations (15%–20%). The dependence of the gap and T

c
on doping and effect of the isotope substitution are obtained and is consistent with experiments.
The condition for the conservation of momentum at the interface under phase transitions of solutions
Authors: Guskov Alex 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present work considers a change in the momentum under the transfer of a solution through the interface. It is shown that pressure related to the partial volumes of the components arises as a result of the kinetics of the addition of particles to a new phase in the solution. In contrast to the description of one-dimensional interphase mass transfer using the convective diffusion problem, the proposed model provides the stationary exponential distributions of components in both phases. It is shown that generalized Fick’s law provides the condition for the conservation of the momentum of a component at the interface. The model describes component segregation by the interface.
On Silence and History
Authors: Topouzova Lilia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How to write a silenced history is the broad question that frames this essay. It explores the methodological challenges of working with a purged archive and fragmented oral histories while telling the little-known story of the Bulgarian gulag and its aftermath. Weaving together the personal and the historical, the essay unfolds the silences that constitute the experience of state repression during the Communist era and the trauma that lingers to this day in the lives of survivors and society. To write a history of the Communist camp past in the capitalist present requires scholars to overcome intellectual frameworks deeply mired in triumphalist Cold War rhetoric. The historical methodology laid out here suggests that doing so demands of us to embrace the imperfect evidence that we have at our disposal: disjointed testimonies and purged documents. Instead of trying to make them cohere into a linear historical narrative, the essay proposes that we leave the gaps open and let the silences speak. In grappling with the limit of the archival record and faded memories, the essay also reflects on the multiplicity of the lived experience of twentieth-century Eastern European Communism and its contradicting realities, emancipatory and repressive at once.
Methods for the Analysis of 26 Million VOC Area Measurements during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Clean-up
Authors: Groth Caroline P , Banerjee Sudipto , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Stewart Patricia A , Sandler Dale P , Blair Aaron , Engel Lawrence S , Kwok Richard K , Stenzel Mark R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The NIEHS GuLF STUDY is an epidemiologic study of the health of workers who participated in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill response and clean-up effort. Even with a large database of approximately 28 000 personal samples that were analyzed for total hydrocarbons (THCs) and other oil-related chemicals, resulting in nearly 160 000 full-shift personal measurements, there were still exposure scenarios where the number of measurements was too limited to rigorously assess exposures. Also available were over 26 million volatile organic compounds (VOCs) area air measurements of approximately 1-min duration, collected from direct-reading instruments on 38 large vessels generally located near the leaking well. This paper presents a strategy for converting the VOC database into hourly average air concentrations by vessel as the first step of a larger process designed to use these data to supplement full-shift THC personal exposure measurements. We applied a Bayesian method to account for measurements with values below the analytic instrument’s limit of detection while processing the large database into average instrument-hour concentrations and then hourly concentrations across instruments on each day of measurement on each of the vessels. To illustrate this process, we present results on the drilling rig ship, the Discoverer Enterprise. The methods reduced the 26 million measurements to 21 900 hourly averages, which later contributed to the development of additional full-shift THC observations. The approach used here can be applied by occupational health professionals with large datasets of direct-reading instruments to better understand workplace exposures.
Combination of ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser and platelet-rich plasma treatment to improve hypertrophic scars: a retrospective clinical observational study
Authors: Dai Zhanzhan , Lou Xiaozhen , Shen Tuo , Sun Yu , Xiao Yongqiang , Zheng Xingfeng , Wang Xuexin , Peng Yu , Guo Yukun , Guo Yibin , Wen Jiannan , Fang He , Ma Bing , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypertrophic scars are one of the main complications that affect the quality of life of patients after burns. Many methods have been shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, such as ablative fractional CO2 laser (AFCL) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, there are few studies on the effect of the combined application of these measures. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of AFCL combined with PRP on hypertrophic burn scars.

Methods
A retrospective clinical observation study was conducted on 50 patients with hypertrophic burn scars. The AFCL+PRP group included 31 patients who received AFCL combined with PRP treatment; the AFCL group included 19 patients who received AFCL treatment only. The University of North Carolina 4P Scar Scale (UNC4P) and the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores that were collected before each treatment were used as indicators of the effectiveness of the previous treatment. The scores recorded at the second, fourth and seventh months were analysed.

Results
The demographic data of the 2 groups were not significantly different. Before treatment, there was no difference in the UNC4P and VSS scores between the 2 groups. There was a significant decline in the UNC4P and VSS total scores over 6 months in both groups (p &lt; 0.05) and scores in the 2 groups were comparable after 3 and 6 months (p &lt; 0.05). UNC4P scores in the AFCL+PRP group decreased from a mean of 8.26 to 2.61 (p &lt; 0.05) with a concomitant drop in VSS scores from a mean of 11.74 to 6.06 (p &lt; 0.01). In the AFCL group UNC4P and VSS scores decreased from 7.68 to 4.63 (p &lt; 0.05) and from 10.89 to 8.16 (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. The sub-items of these 2 assessments were analysed and the results suggest that AFCL combined with PRP can comprehensively improve scarring.

Conclusions
This study shows that PRP is an effective adjunct for AFCL in the treatment of hypertrophic burn scars and that the combination of PRP and AFCL proved to be more useful than AFCL alone. This combination may be a new and effective clinical practice for the treatment of scars. However, larger and higher-level clinical studies are still needed to determine its efficacy and possible mechanisms.