bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-phase HI clouds in the Small Magellanic Cloud halo
Authors: Buckland-Willis F. , Miville-Deschênes M. A. , Marchal A. , Dawson J. R. , Dénes H. , Di Teodoro E. M. , Dickey J. M. , Gibson S. J. , Kemp I. P. , Lynn C. , Ma Y. K. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Murray C. E. , Pingel N. M. , Stanimirović S. , Van Loon J. Th. 
Published: December 2024

Context. The Galactic ASKAP collaboration (GASKAP) is undertaking an HI emission survey of the 21cm line to map the Magellanic system and the Galactic plane with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). One of the first areas observed in the Pilot Phase I of the survey was the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Previous surveys of the SMC have uncovered new structures in the periphery of the SMC, along relatively low column density lines of sight.
Aims. In this work we aimed to uncover the phase distribution of three distinct structures in the periphery of the SMC. This work will add to the constraints we have on the existence and survival of the cold neutral medium (CNM) in the SMC.
Methods. We used ROHSA, a Gaussian decomposition algorithm, to model the emission across each cloud and classify the HI emission into their respective phases based on the linewidths of the fitted Gaussians. We created maps of velocity and column density of each phase of the HI across these three clouds. We measured the HI mass and CNM number density for each cloud. We also compared the HI results across the different phases with other gas tracers.
Results. We find that in two clouds, the ends of each cloud are almost completely CNM dominated. Analysis of these two clouds indicates they are experiencing a compressive force from the direction of the SMC main body. In the third cloud we find a uniform CNM distribution along one wall of what is likely a supershell structure. Comparison with previous measurements of CO clumps in two of the clouds show the CO and HI are co-moving within a few km s−1 in regions of high HI column density, particularly when considering just the CNM.
Magnetic topology of quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs and associated ultraviolet brightenings
Authors: Bhatnagar Aditi , Prasad Avijeet , Rouppe van der Voort Luc , Nóbrega-Siverio Daniel , Joshi Jayant 
Published: December 2024

Context. Quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs) are small-scale magnetic reconnection events in the lower atmosphere of the quiet Sun. Recent work has shown that a small percentage of them can occur co-spatially and co-temporally with ultraviolet (UV) brightenings in the transition region.
Aims. We aim to understand how the magnetic topologies associated with closely occurring QSEBs and UV brightenings can facilitate energy transport and connect these events.
Methods. We used high-resolution Hβ observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) and detected QSEBs using k-means clustering. We obtained the magnetic field topology from potential field extrapolations using spectro-polarimetric data in the photospheric Fe I 6173 Å line. To detect UV brightenings, we used coordinated and co-aligned data from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and imposed a threshold of 5σ above the median background on the (IRIS) 1400 Å slit-jaw image channel.
Results. We identify four distinct magnetic configurations that associate QSEBs with UV brightenings, including a simple dipole configuration and more complex fan-spine topologies with a 3D magnetic null point. In the fan-spine topology, the UV brightenings occur near the 3D null point, while QSEBs can be found close to the footpoints of the outer spine, the inner spine, and the fan surface. The height of the 3D null varies between 0.2 Mm and 2.6 Mm, depending on the magnetic field strength in the region. Some QSEBs and UV brightenings, though occurring close to each other, are not topologically connected with the same reconnection process. The energy released during QSEBs falls in the range 1023–1024 ergs.
Conclusions. This study shows that magnetic connectivity and topological features, such as 3D null points, are crucial in linking QSEBs in the lower atmosphere with UV brightenings in the transition region.
Limiting the Gamble: Risk and Predictability for Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients Receiving Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Gore Kelsey , Linder Dean , Jose Martinez Duque Juan , Wang Junxi , Wester Brett , Otero Tiffany , Yockelson Shaun , Alexis Ruiz Adrian , Nossaman Bobby 
Published: December 2024

Background: Patients receiving mechanical circulatory support (MCS) frequently require renal replacement therapy (RRT). Examining risk factors for requiring RRT in patients receiving MCS may allow improved understanding of these comorbidities and enhance patient outcomes.
Methods: Following IRB approval, patient characteristics, comorbidities, and the need for RRT were studied in 129 patients who received MCS from January 2017 to October 2023. The clinical variables underwent machine learning to examine their relationships to the outcome of interest, the need for RRT.
Results: In this study the incidence of RRT was 36% with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 29-44%. Following machine learning, patients with a history of immunologic therapy or having a pacemaker or internal cardiac defibrillator (ICDs) were associated with the need for RRT (Chi-square=44, P=0.0003). The c-index statistic for this model was 0.81. The anticoagulation therapy administered in these two groups was also analyzed. Patients in these two groups receiving unfractionated heparin were observed to have a higher incidence (44%) in the need for RRT.
Conclusion: The incidence of RRT was high in this patient population. The novel associations in patients requiring MCS who have received prior immunologic therapy or have pre-existing pacemaker/ICDs suggest that an increased systemic inflammatory state exists that escalates the need for RRT. Unfractionated heparin appears to provide minimal protection from the need for RRT in patients requiring MCS. These findings suggest that other options for systemic anticoagulation in patients requiring MCS should be considered. Further investigation into how these background inflammatory conditions contribute to the need for RRT in patients requiring MCS is warranted.
Ein Vergleich von Direktaufnahmen mit Verlegungen von psychiatrischen
Stationen im Rahmen von Stationsäquivalenter Behandlung (StäB)
Authors: Brieger Peter , Klocke Luisa , Bechdolf Andreas , von Peter Sebastian , Längle Gerhard , Holzke Martin , Nikolaidis Konstantinos , Kilian Reinhold , Timm Jürgen , Weinmann Stefan , Waldmann Tamara , zur Verth Johanna , Raschmann Svenja , Schwarz Julian , Rout Sandeep , Hirschmeier Constance , Herwig Uwe , Richter Janina , Baumgardt Johanna , Hamann Johannes 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Verschiedene Zugangswege zu stationsäquivalenter Behandlung sowie
Unterschiede zwischen direkt in StäB aufgenommenen und verlegten Patient:innen,
im Hinblick auf Baselineunterschiede und Behandlungsergebnisse, wurden
untersucht.
Methodik Baselineunterschiede wurden mithilfe explorativer
Gruppenvergleiche untersucht, Behandlungseffekte nach Zugangsarten mithilfe
einer Regressionsanalyse.
Ergebnisse Von 200 StäB Nutzenden wurden 144 (72%) direkt in StäB
aufgenommen, während 56 (28%) Personen nach einer stationären Behandlung
zuverlegt wurden. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Standorten wurden
bezüglich des Anteils direkter StäB Aufnahmen identifiziert (p=0,04).
Direktaufnahmen wiesen eine höhere Prävalenz von affektiven Störungen auf (51%),
während Verlegungen relativ häufiger mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen
Formenkreis (34%) assoziiert waren. Bezüglich der Behandlungseffekte zeigten
sich keine relevanten Unterschiede.
Schlussfolgerung Der Zugang zur StäB-Behandlung wird für verschiedene
Patient:innengruppen flexibel genutzt, Behandlungsergebnisse unterscheiden sich
nicht wesentlich. Aufsuchende Angebote sollten noch flexibler gestaltet werden,
als das starre Gerüst von StäB derzeit erlaubt.
A New Concept in Peripheral Nerve Repair: Incorporating the Tunica Adventitia
Authors: Zuhour Moath , İnce Bilsev , Oltulu Pembe , Gök Orhan , Tekecik Zülal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Pedicled, prefabricated, and free nerve flaps have several drawbacks, such as requiring microsurgical anastomosis, the need for secondary operations and the risk of developing thrombosis. In this study, we aimed to vascularize the repaired nerve in a single session by establishing a connection between the epineurium of the repaired median nerve and the tunica adventitia of the brachial artery.
Methods The technique was performed on the median nerves of a total of 42 rats over 13 weeks. While group 1 didn't receive any intervention, the following three groups (2, 3, and 4) received classic treatments (coaptation, graft, and vein conduit). In addition to classic treatments, the other three groups (5, 6, and 7) were vascularized by attaching the adventitia of the brachial artery to the repaired nerves. Nerve regeneration was evaluated using functional tests, immunohistochemical analysis, and electron microscope.
Results The vascularized groups (5, 6, and 7) showed earlier functional recovery (p < 0.05). Vascularization reduced inflammation in the coaptation group, reduced fibrosis and degeneration in the nerve graft group, and reduced fibrosis, degeneration and disorganization while increased the number of passing fibers and myelination in the vein conduit group (p < 0.05). Vascularization provided superior ultrastructural findings. Microscopic analysis revealed a novel finding of “zone of neurovascular interaction” between the adventitia and the regenerating nerve.
Conclusion Vascularizing the repaired nerves with this new technique provided faster functional and better histological healing. Unlike classic vascularization techniques, this method does not require microsurgical anastomosis, does not carry the risk of thrombosis, and does not necessitate secondary operations. The “zone of neurovascular interaction” identified in this study revealed regenerating axon clusters alongside newly developed blood vessels. This important finding highlights a potential role of the tunica adventitia in nerve regeneration.
Pneumonia Vaccines: Indications for Use and Current Safety Data in Pregnancy
Authors: Dutra Karley , Berry Hayley , Lazenby Gweneth B. 
Published: December 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and invasive pneumococcal disease among adults in the United States, with higher rates of disease occurring among individuals with chronic medical and immunocompromising conditions. Pregnant individuals, especially those with comorbid conditions, are also at increased risk of infection due to S. pneumoniae due to physiological and immunologic changes in pregnancy. Vaccination against pneumococcus is recommended for adults living with HIV aged 19 to 49, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, asplenia, chronic renal failure, sickle cell disease, alcohol abuse, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathies, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease, and diabetes mellitus. During pregnancy, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends vaccination against S. pneumoniae for individuals meeting the criteria for immunization outside of pregnancy. Pneumococcal vaccine uptake has been low. There are no data available for vaccine uptake in pregnancy, but we suspect it is lower than nonpregnant populations. Low uptake of immunization rates in pregnancy is likely multifactorial and includes general vaccine hesitancy among pregnant individuals, cost, access to care, and supply shortages. While data in support of pneumococcal vaccines during pregnancy are limited, sufficient evidence exists to support the safety and efficacy of vaccination in the antepartum period. Pregnancy provides an opportunity to continuously engage individuals in care, allowing obstetricians and gynecologists to establish rapport, work to reduce vaccine hesitancy, and to provide pneumococcal immunization to those who are eligible. Medical indications for pneumococcal vaccination will increasingly apply to pregnant persons as the population acquires comorbidities and there is a need for improved education among obstetricians on the topic of antenatal pneumococcal vaccination.
Key Points
Inheritance of Primary Headache in Children and Adolescents—A Scoping Review
Authors: Winther Camille C. H. , Berring-Uldum Amalie A. , Debes Nanette Mol 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe objective is to give an update on the current state of research on the genetics of primary headache in children and adolescents. Investigations of the genetics of migraine in adults have changed our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine, but knowledge from our adult patients cannot be directly applied to pediatric patients. The study was conducted through searches of PubMed and Web of Science. Our search yielded 10 studies. Some of the included studies elucidated correlations between certain characteristics of the headaches in parents and an elevated risk of headache in their children. The follow-up studies found that about one-third of the participants were headache-free at the time of follow-up and about one in four had shifted to a different headache diagnosis. All studies included in this paper found a familial aggregation or heritability of primary headache in children and adolescents.
Effect of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Stephens Kristen L. , DeVito Robert G. , Hollenbeck Scott T. , Campbell Chris A. , Stranix John T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been widely implemented across many surgical practices, including autologous breast reconstruction. However, the benefits of ERAS in the morbidly obese population have yet to be defined.
Methods A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction at our institution from 2017 to 2022 was performed. Length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, opioid usage, cost, and flap outcomes were analyzed in patients with body mass index greater than 35 before and after ERAS implementation.
Results Thirty-five morbidly obese patients receiving DIEP flap breast reconstruction were identified before ERAS and 18 after ERAS. There were no differences in unilateral versus bilateral or immediate versus delayed reconstruction. LOS decreased with ERAS (3.43 vs. 2.06 days, p < 0.0000001). ICU utilization decreased with ERAS (0.94 vs. 0.0 days, p < 0.0001). Daily and total opioid usage decreased with ERAS (41.8 vs. 17.9 morphine milligram equivalent [MME], p < 0.0001; 190.5 vs. 54.7 MME, p < 0.0001). Financial metrics improved with ERAS, including decreased total cost ($33,454 vs. $25,079, p = 0.0002) and increased cost margin ($4,458 vs. −$8,306, p = 0.004). There were no differences in donor or recipient site outcomes including flap loss, deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, hernia/bulge, delayed wound healing, revisions, and blood loss.
Conclusion ERAS pathways maintain benefits in the morbidly obese population undergoing abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction, including decreased LOS, ICU utilization, opioid use, and cost while maintaining successful reconstruction outcomes.
Advancing Pediatric Robotic Colorectal Surgery: Trends, Outcomes, and Future Directions—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pini Prato Alessio , Lacher Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction Pediatric robotic colorectal surgery has rapidly evolved, offering enhanced precision and safety for treating complex conditions such as Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), anorectal malformations (ARMs), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review analyzes recent trends, outcomes, and complications in robotic colorectal procedures for pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods A systematic review was performed using PubMed, yielding 1,112 articles related to pediatric robotic colorectal surgery. After applying exclusion criteria, 35 papers were analyzed, focusing on patient characteristics, procedure types, and clinical outcomes.
Results Since 2001, approximately 700 pediatric patients have undergone robotic colorectal procedures, with HSCR being the most commonly treated condition (n = 421). The review highlights that 1.7% of patients experienced Clavien–Dindo grade III complications, while 11.5% had grade I to II complications, indicating a favorable safety profile. The use of robotic platforms facilitated improved precision during perirectal dissection and reduced the risk of damage to adjacent structures, particularly in cases requiring complex pelvic dissections. Despite promising outcomes, the uptake of robotic colorectal surgery remains lower than that for urologic procedures due to challenges such as cost, instrument size, and specialized training.
Conclusion Robotic colorectal surgery in children is a safe and effective approach, particularly for complex conditions like HSCR, IBDs, and ARMs. While adoption is currently limited by cost and training requirements, ongoing advancements in technology and techniques promise to broaden its application and improve outcomes in pediatric surgery.
Advancements in mTOR Inhibitors for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Thaker Aanal , Patel Shrusti , Chaube Udit , Dey Rajdeep , Shaw Suman , Bhatt Hardik , Patel Bhumika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis account comprehensively reviews the recent advancements in the development of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors targeting non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical trial statuses. Key small molecules such as RM-018 and RMC-4998 highlight novel approaches in targeting the KRASG12C mutation, offering enhanced potency compared to earlier inhibitors. Traditional and plant-derived compounds, including Fuzi alkaloids, salvianolic acid, and ononin, demonstrate promising antitumor activities through diverse pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Combination therapies targeting dual pathways show synergistic effects, improving treatment efficacy. The role of personalized medicine, driven by genetic profiling and pathway-specific inhibitors, is emphasized as a transformative approach in NSCLC management. These findings highlight the potential of mTOR-targeting agents as a cornerstone in advancing NSCLC therapies.1	Introduction2	Small-Molecule mTOR Inhibitors3	mTOR Inhibitors in Clinical Trials4	Conclusion and Future Directions
Migration as good, bad and necessary: examining impacts of migration on staying Himalayan communities affected by climate change
Authors: Upadhyay Himani 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWithin the migration system, the seminal Foresight report highlighted that climate change can have significant implications for staying populations. Yet research on this remains limited. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the impacts of sustained outmigration on staying farmer communities in the Indian Himalayan Region, affected by incremental climate change. Employing an empirical qualitative approach, new data is collected through semi-structured interviews (n = 72). Staying communities describe migration as good, bad, and necessary with the majority (46%) noting negative impacts such as fewer people to do agriculture, abandoned assets, more tasks for women, loss of community, disrupted household structures, mental health implications for the elderly, and disinvestment in public services. While remittances from migration have positive impacts, they are primarily used for meeting everyday needs (81%) and not invested in climate change adaptation. In addition to migration impacts, changing weather patterns, agricultural shifts, and societal transformations further exacerbate the vulnerabilities of staying populations. Without policy support to address these vulnerabilities, the benefits of migration may not effectively contribute to climate change adaptation. The findings here are likely applicable to staying populations in other mountain areas, facing similar pressures from migration and climate change, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to build long-term adaptive capacity.
Charge-density waves in disordered systems
Authors: Vinokur V. M. , Feigeľman M. V. 
Published: December 2024

The dielectric permeability χ of a one-dimensional charge-density wave, interacting with a lattice and with electron-scattering impurities, has been found as a function of the incommensurability parameter h in the case of various types and degrees of disorder. It has been shown that in the case of strong disorder the permeability is constant if “backward” scattering predominates in the system. If “forward” scattering predominates in the system, χ ∼h4/3 for large values of h. In the case of weak disorder, χ is constant in the commensurate phase and grows ((h – hc)/hc)1/3ln−4/3(hc/(h – hc)) (where hc is the threshold value of the incommensurability vector) in the region h–hc≪h0, i.e., in the weakly incommensurate region in which a well defined soliton lattice exists. With a further increase in h,χ∼(a+hc2/h2)−2/3, where a is the ratio of the intensities of the random potentials responsible for the “backward” and “forward” scattering. The low-frequency characteristics of the density of states ρ(ω) and the conductivity σ(ω) have been calculated.
The shape of the σ(ω) peak at a frequency of the order of the pinning frequency in the case of weak disorder is described. It is shown that in the case of strong disorder the low-frequency asymptotic form of the conductivity is decribed by the Mott–Berezinskii formula.
Design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer for high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Borne Kurtis , O’Neal Jordan T. , Wang Jun , Isele Erik , Obaid Razib , Berrah Nora , Cheng Xinxin , Bucksbaum Philip H. , James Justin , Kamalov Andrei , Larsen Kirk A. , Li Xiang , Lin Ming-Fu , Liu Yusong , Marinelli Agostino , Summers Adam M. , Thierstein Emily , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Rolles Daniel , Walter Peter , Cryan James P. , Driver Taran 
Published: December 2024

We describe the design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) for high-energy electron spectroscopy. Our design features a 2 m long electron drift tube and electrostatic retardation lens, achieving sub-electronvolt (eV) electron kinetic energy resolution for high energy (several hundred eV) electrons with a close to 4π collection solid angle. A segmented anode electron detector enables the simultaneous collection of photoelectron spectra in high resolution and high collection efficiency modes. This versatile instrument is installed at the time-resolved molecular and optical sciences instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). In this paper, we demonstrate its high resolution, collection efficiency, and spatial selectivity in measurements where it is coupled to an XFEL source. These combined characteristics are designed to enable high-resolution time-resolved measurements using x-ray photoelectron, absorption, and Auger–Meitner spectroscopy. We also describe the pervasive artifact in MBES time-of-flight spectra that arises from a periodic modulation in electron collection efficiency and present a robust analysis procedure for its removal.