bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic warp-break detection mechanism for manual looms
Authors: Afriyie Alex Osei , Howard Ebenezer Kofi , Asinyo Benjamin Kwablah , Badoe William , Seidu Raphael Kanyire , Apau Edward 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a system that detects warp breakage in manual looms using simple mechanisms combined with electronic circuitry.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used the universal design methodology model where results from observations and interviews aided in designing the appropriate blueprints for the mechanism.

Findings
Testing procedures revealed that the conductivity of steel bars coupled with the weight of the droppers affected the efficiency of the mechanism. Additionally, the weight of the drop wires influenced the rising of the warp threads during shedding. Considering this, a plate thickness of 0.06 mm was ideal for the droppers which did not affect warp shedding. Test outcomes at the weaving shed proved the workability of the mechanism for timely or prompt repair of a broken warp by weavers that ensured fabric quality.

Originality/value
The issue of warp breaks remains a critical problem at weaving on manual looms which influence the quality of fabrics. These looms are used by craftsmen in producing interesting fabrics for the market of which they depend on for their living. Premise on this, a two-way (light + sound) alert system was developed to assist weavers to effectively locate and repair broken yarns. Additionally, weavers with special needs (blind people) would be notified on a warp break for immediate repair from someone. This would limit the unnecessary challenges associated with broken warp yarns during weaving.
Exploration of kids ready to wear clothing brands for measurement and fit discrepancies
Authors: Prabhakar Deepasri , Rajagopal Sudhakar 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to probe customers’ expectations and explore discrepancies across various domestic kids’ ready to wear (RTW) apparel brands for measurements, fit, shape and labelling/nomenclature.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. Interviews were held with the consumers to understand their perceptions and expectations with the kids’ wear brands for measurements, fit and labelling. The approach had a twofolded purpose of addressing the consumers’ dissatisfaction and the apparel manufacturer’s perspective.

Findings
The results indicated that 87% of consumers gave importance to well-fitted apparel. The apparel brands considered for the study showed inconsistency and discrepancies in the measurements, leading to consumer dissatisfaction and frustrations.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of the study may be useful for fashion academia, kids RTW apparel manufacturers and designers who can relate to the role of standard measurements and the varying body shapes in RTW apparel. They can work closer to develop innovative practices focusing on the fit challenges in kids RTW apparel.

Originality/value
The implication of the lack of any standard measurement for Indian kids for apparel is well-established in the study.
Dyeing and finishing of cotton fabric with eucalyptus leaves extracts
Authors: Endris Jemal , Govindan Nalankilli 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to establish a suitable procedure for dyeing and multifunctional finishing on 100% cotton using extracts of eucalyptus leaves in an eco-friendly manner.Design/methodology/approachBox–Behnken design of experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to optimise the conditions of extraction, dyeing and finishing. Phytochemical analysis was performed to determine the chemical constituents of the extracts. Colour strength, fastness properties were evaluated for dyed fabric samples. The effectiveness of eucalyptus leaves extract as an insect repellent, aroma, antibacterial finishing agent, was assessed. Pre-soaking and padding method was used for the application of active essential oil on the fabric.FindingsEssential oil extracted fromEucalyptus globulusleaves have great repellent rate for insects to the extent of 90% and aroma intensity of 72% and antibacterial effect of 100% bacterial reduction up to five washings. The use of citric acid as cross-linking agent helps increase the durability of the finish. Natural dyeing to get light yellow shade is possible with extracts made with water, possessing good fastness properties.Research limitations/implicationsScaling up the extraction process and soaking larger quantities of fabrics in extracted essential oil solution before the pad applications are considered limitations of this study. However, smaller pieces of fabrics can conveniently be handled in this process. It has tremendous potential for practising industrially, to get yellow-shaded multifunctional finished cotton textiles.Practical implicationsProtection against insects, including mosquitoes, bacteria with additional aroma on cotton will be of great use in day-to-day life for the wearer.Social implicationsEco-friendly, renewable sources of ingredients from the plant were used to obtain protection against pathogenic or odour-causing microorganisms using this hygiene finish with multiple end uses.Originality/valueThis original work enables conducting dyeing and multifunctional finishing together in a single stage, which otherwise takes a number of steps, consuming large quantities of water, chemicals and energy to impart similar effects on cotton.
Case studies in the classroom: assessing a pilot information literacy curriculum for English composition
Authors: Wishkoski Rachel , Strand Katie , Sundt Alex , Allred Deanna , Meter Diana J. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis mixed-methods study assesses a pilot library curriculum in a general education English composition course. Case-based learning (CBL), a form of problem-based learning (PBL), was used to scaffold information literacy skills and concepts across sessions. This article explores the approach's impact on student learning and engagement.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were enrolled in four sections of an undergraduate composition course. Two sections were taught with the CBL library curriculum, and two with the standard library curriculum as a control. Pretest/posttest surveys included quantitative and qualitative measures to assess students in several areas of information literacy. Weekly reflections from a subsample of students were analyzed, and the research team conducted structured classroom observations and teaching reflections.FindingsQuantitative survey results did not support the hypotheses that the CBL curriculum would increase students' confidence and skill levels compared to their control section peers. Although there was no significant difference between sections in measured information literacy outcomes, students generally agreed that the case studies used in the CBL curriculum taught skills applicable to their research. Teaching observation data revealed the cohesion of the curriculum across library sessions and increased student engagement in classroom activities. However, some of the case studies could be improved, and some limitations in study design point to the need for further research.Originality/valueThis study addresses a gap in the literature through a mixed-methods assessment of CBL pedagogy using a control group, contributing to an understanding of the role of PBL pedagogies in information literacy curricula.
The impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on jobs: an industry perspective
Authors: Poba-Nzaou Placide , Galani Malatsi , Uwizeyemungu Sylvestre , Ceric Arnela 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on jobs.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors followed rapid review guidelines. The authors collected industry and government reports published prior and up to August 2017 in Google and Google Scholar using combination of key words: “job automation” or “work automation” with technology keywords: “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” etc. In total, 11 were included in this research.

Findings
The use of AI technologies will impact jobs in the near future as some job tasks are automated. AI is likely to substitute both, routine and nonroutine tasks. It is expected that humans and robots would work together in ways never imaginable. Changes in employability skills are expected. Because of the magnitude of these impacts on jobs, consulted reports call for concerted solutions that go beyond organizations’ and industry’s boundaries to include other relevant stakeholders. Moreover, organizations will have to rethink their human resource (HR) function to realign its expertise to the reality of AI.

Practical implications
In this context, the HR function will have to understand the dynamics that generate the impacts of these technologies in a workplace, to anticipate changes and actively contribute to creating an organizational environment that will facilitate the collaboration between human workers and complex digital agents, while ensuring compliance with labor and employment laws and supporting strategic organizational objectives.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the debate on ongoing concerns by providing a synthesis of relevant professional literature.
Nudging for good: how behavioural science improves financial health
Authors: Jackson Paul 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to provide HR leaders and key decision makers with guidance about how they can use behavioural science to improve financial health of their employees at scale.

Design/methodology/approach
Personal finance is an area that does not often get spoken about enough. Individuals of all pay grades need access to different levels of support and education and technology can provide that.

Findings
As everyone is different within an organisation, both in terms of situation and pay scale, their financial health will be unique. Therefore, the method of delivery needs to be personalised, if you are going to provide help via email or SMS, those need to be impactful and relevant.

Originality/value
This paper intends to provide a viewpoint on a subject that is not being spoken about in the same way as mental health but it is equally important.
Basaloid follicular hamartomas in pediatric Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Besagni Francesca , Dika Emi , Ricci Costantino , Misciali Cosimo , Veronesi Giulia , Corti Barbara , Gurioli Carlotta , Neri Iria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBasal Cell Nevus Syndrome (BCNS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by PTCH1 (9q22.3‐q31) germline mutations. Skin manifestations are mainly characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, palmoplantar pits and a strong predisposition to develop multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Recently, it has been hypothesized that basaloid follicular hamartomas (BFH) could be included in BCNS skin features. We present three pediatric cases of GS with BCCs and BFHs. Clinical, dermoscopic and immunohistochemical tools are reported.
Soil resources mediate the strength of species but not trait convergence across grassland restorations
Authors: Catano Christopher P. , Bassett Tyler J. , Bauer Jonathan T. , Grman Emily , Groves Anna M. , Zirbel Chad R. , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Ecological restoration is notoriously unpredictable because similar actions can result in different outcomes. Outcomes can also differ for species and functional components of communities depending on how restoration actions and abiotic conditions alter community assembly trajectories. Quantifying variation in community trajectories across restorations for both species and traits is rare, but can help to resolve underlying assembly processes and refine strategies to maximize restoration success.

We quantified the importance of soil resources, seed mix richness, and prescribed fire for variation in plant species and functional trait trajectories over 6 years across 20 restored tallgrass prairies in the mid‐western United States. We predicted stronger convergence for traits than species, with species and trait compositions converging more across restorations on resource‐poor soils and with frequent fires due to stronger abiotic filtering. In contrast, we predicted species and trait compositions would converge more slowly or diverge across restorations with resource‐rich soils, with less frequent fires, and seeded with more species due to weaker filtering and more stochasticity.

Communities generally converged over time; however, the rate of convergence was determined by soil resources, not restoration actions. Restorations converged more across resource‐rich sites. In contrast to patterns of species convergence, variation in trait composition remained stable over time regardless of soil resources or restoration actions.

The unexpected pattern of species, but not trait, convergence during community assembly appears to result from increasing dominance of a native C4 bunchgrass, Andropogon gerardii that coincides with proportional declines of other C4 grasses that share similar traits.

Synthesis and applications. Restoration outcomes may be more predictable than typically considered. Trait compositions were stable and variation in species compositions decreased over time owing to site conditions, where resource‐rich soils produced more consistent outcomes. Our study shows monitoring multiple facets of biodiversity across restorations can reveal why outcomes vary and inform broad‐scale restoration planning.
Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals
Authors: Hastie Gordon D. , Lepper Paul , McKnight J. Chris , Milne Ryan , Russell Debbie J. F. , Thompson David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Avoidance of anthropogenic sounds has been measured in many species. The results, which are typically based on observations in limited exposure contexts, are frequently used to inform policy and the regulation of industrial activities. However, the occurrence and magnitude of avoidance may be a consequence of complex risk‐balancing decisions made by animals. The importance of the factors in decision‐making, such as perceived risks associated with the sounds or prey quantity and quality during sound exposure, is unknown.

Here we address this knowledge gap by measuring the relative influence of perceived –risk of a sound (silence, pile driving, and a tidal turbine) and prey patch quality on decision‐making and foraging success in grey seals Halichoerus grypus.

Seals were given access to two underwater ‘prey patches’ in an experimental pool where fish were delivered at controlled rates to simulate a low‐density (LD) and a high‐density (HD) prey patch. Acoustic playbacks were made using an underwater speaker above one of the prey patches (randomised during the study), and three decision and foraging metrics (foraging duration, foraging effort allocation between the prey patches, and foraging success) were measured.

Foraging success was highest during silent controls and was similar regardless of speaker location (LD/HD). Under the tidal turbine and pile‐driving treatments, foraging success was similar to the controls when the speaker was located at the HD prey patch but was significantly reduced (~16%–28% lower) when the speaker was located at the LD prey patch. Foraging decisions by the seals were consistent with a risk/profit balancing approach. Avoidance rates depend on the quality of the prey patch as well as the perceived risk.

Policy implications. The results suggest that foraging context is important when interpreting avoidance behaviour and should be considered when predicting the effects of anthropogenic activities. For example, sound exposure in different prey patch qualities may result in markedly different avoidance behaviour, potentially leading to contrasting predictions of impact in Environmental Assessments. We recommend future studies explicitly consider foraging context, and other contextual factors such as behavioural state (e.g. foraging or travelling) and habitat quality.
Soil fauna modulates the effect of experimental drought on litter decomposition in forests invaded by an exotic pathogen
Authors: Homet Pablo , Gómez‐Aparicio Lorena , Matías Luis , Godoy Oscar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLitter decomposition is a fundamental process for nutrient cycling and C fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Multiple factors such as environmental conditions, litter quality and decomposer organisms are known to influence this ecological process in direct and indirect ways. However, it remains poorly understood to what extent this entangled bank of complex interactions can be disrupted by several global change drivers such as climate change and invasive species.Here we reported main findings from a litter decomposition experiment conducted in a natural mixed forest invaded byPhytophthora cinnamomi,an exotic oomycete well known for causing tree disease and forest decline. In two Mediterranean forest types (namely woodland and closed forest), we first built a rainfall exclusion infrastructure to reduce natural precipitation by 30%. Then, we followed the spatial variation in C and N leaf litter dynamics as well as the abundance of the exotic oomyceteP.cinnamomifor 18 months under both control and rainfall exclusion conditions using a litter bag methodology with different mesh sizes to further evaluate the indirect role of mesofauna abundance and diversity in litter C and N temporal dynamics.Significant reductions in soil moisture produced by the experimental rainfall exclusion increased C litter loss with time directly, and indirectly via increases in overall mesofauna abundance and changes in the ratio between predators and decomposers. N litter dynamics were in contrast modulated mainly by initial litter quality. Surprisingly,P. cinnamomiabundance did not correlate with variation in initial litter quality as previously suggested, but we found that the exotic oomycete was negatively correlated with both decomposer and predator abundances. These results suggest it might participate indirectly in litter decomposition dynamics through the biotic soil component.Synthesis. Contrary to expected, our results show that a moderate but realistic rainfall reduction can accelerate the litter decomposition process. It also points out to litter fauna as a key component modulating the indirect impacts of global change drivers on litter decomposition.
Bank loans and firm environmental information disclosure: Evidence from China's heavy polluters
Authors: Wu Long , Xu Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine the impact of environmental information disclosure (EID) on heavy polluters' access to bank loans. Through a proprietary dataset of listed heavy polluters in China between 2011 and 2018, we find that the quality of EID positively contributes to their access to bank loans. Furthermore, banks rely more on EID in lending practice to heavy polluters in less‐developed regions, with poor internal control, or with state ownership. Our findings support the effectiveness of EID in China's loan market and may have policy implications for the green management of heavy polluters in emerging markets.
The Ambiguous Ideology of Levelling Up
Authors: Newman Jack 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Conservative Party's ‘levelling up agenda’ has been deployed both as a tool for public communication and as a broad motif for the government's policy programme, gaining a great deal of traction as a political message. Levelling up is a vision of a post‐Brexit Britain in which there will be greater state investment, educational opportunity, regional equality, and regional independence. However, this vision invokes a wide range of disparate political ideologies without addressing the underlying tensions between them. It speaks to social democrats about tackling deprivation; it speaks to social liberals about equality of opportunity; it speaks to economic liberals about supporting the free market; and it speaks to conservatives about reuniting the nation. If levelling up develops from a political slogan into a fully‐fledged policy programme, it will become increasingly difficult for the government to manage the ideological tensions inherent in the levelling‐up agenda.
Class and social policy in the knowledge economy
Authors: HÄUSERMANN SILJA , PINGGERA MICHAEL , ARES MACARENA , ENGGIST MATTHIAS 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent studies of welfare state attitudes in the knowledge economy find very high generalized support for generous welfare state policies, both among the working and the middle classes. Has class become irrelevant as a predictor of social policy preferences? Or do we simply mis‐conceptualise today's class conflict over social policy? To what extent has it changed from a divide over the level of social policy generosity to a divide over the kind of social policy and – more specifically – over the relative importance that should be given to different social policies? Answering these questions is not only relevant to understand welfare politics in the twenty‐first century, but electoral politics as well: only when we understand what working‐ and middle‐class voters care about, can we evaluate the role distributive policies play in electoral processes. We use original survey data from eight West European countries to show that middle‐ and working‐class respondents indeed differ in the relative importance they attribute to social investment and social consumption policies. Middle‐class respondents consistently attribute higher absolute and relative importance to social investment. We also show that this emphasis on investive policies relates to the middle class expecting better future economic and social opportunities than the working class. This divide in anticipated opportunities underlies a new kind of working‐ versus middle‐class divide, which contributes to transforming the class divide from a conflict over the level of social policy to a conflict over the priorities of social policy.
Judgment and decision making research on CSR reporting in the COVID‐19 pandemic environment
Authors: Humphreys Kerry A. , Trotman Ken T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJudgment and decision making (JDM) research in accounting focuses on the judgments and decisions of preparers, users and auditors/assurance providers of financial and non‐financial information, including sustainability information. However, the environment in which these judgments are made and how groups interact has changed substantially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and likely post‐pandemic. We focus on the impact of these changes for corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting, including managers’ decisions on the preparation and use of CSR information, demand for CSR assurance, and the effect of CSR reports and assurance on investors’ judgments. We then outline implications for the research questions addressed and experimental designs used.