bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spread of COVID-19 Among 15,000 Physical Therapists in Italy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gianola Silvia , Bargeri Silvia , Campanini Isabella , Corbetta Davide , Gambazza Simone , Innocenti Tiziano , Meroni Roberto , Castellini Greta , Turolla Andrea ,   Scientific Committee of AIFI
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence, personal- and work-related exposures, and signs and symptoms among physical therapists during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy.

Methods
This cross-sectional, survey-based study collected demographic and exposure data from physical therapists from April to May 2020. All physical therapists working in inpatient and outpatient care in Italy were eligible. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among all eligible physical therapists to collect (1) demographic characteristics, (2–3) personal- and work-related exposures, and (4) signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Factors associated with a COVID-19–positive nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) were explored through logistic regression models and multivariate methods.

Results
A total of 15,566 respondents completed the survey, with a response rate of 43.3%, achieving high statistical precision (99% CI, 1% type I error). Among physical therapists who received NPS testing, 13.1% (95% CI = 12.1–14.1%) had a positive result, with a peak reached in March 2020 (36%). The top 5 symptoms were fatigue and tiredness (69.1%), loss of smell (64.5%), aches and pains (60.8%), loss of taste (58.3%), and headache (51.1%). No symptoms were reported by 8.9%. Working in a health care institution (odds ratio [OR] = 12.0; 95% CI = 7.8–18.4), being reallocated to a different unit (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.3–2.7), and changing job tasks (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2–2.3) increased the risk of being COVID-19 positive. In therapists with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, comorbidities were associated with male sex and age older than 51 years.

Conclusion
During the first wave in Italy, almost 1 out of 7 physical therapists tested positive on the COVID-19 NPS test. Considering personal- and work-related exposures, health care organizations should adopt prevention measures and adequate preparedness to prevent high rate of infections during future pandemics.

Impact
This is the largest investigation about the spread of and main risk factors for COVID-19 in the physical therapy field.
Early maternal care and amygdala habituation to emotional stimuli in adulthood
Authors: Holz Nathalie E , Häge Alexander , Plichta Michael M , Boecker-Schlier Regina , Jennen-Steinmetz Christine , Baumeister Sarah , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Laucht Manfred , Banaschewski Tobias , Brandeis Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Evidence suggests that maternal care constitutes a protective factor for psychopathology which may be conditional on the level of family adversity. Given that psychopathology is frequently linked with social deficits and the amygdala with social functioning, we investigated the impact of early maternal care on amygdala function under high vs low familial risk for psychopathology. Amygdala activity and habituation during an emotional face-matching paradigm was analyzed in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (n = 172, 25 years). Early mother–infant interaction was assessed during a standardized nursing and play setting at the age of 3 months. Information on familial risk during the offspring’s childhood and on the participants’ lifetime psychopathology was obtained with diagnostic interviews. An interaction between maternal stimulation and familial risk was found on amygdala habituation but not on activation, with higher maternal stimulation predicting stronger amygdala habituation in the familial risk group only. Furthermore, amygdala habituation correlated inversely with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnoses. The findings underline the long-term importance of early maternal care on the offspring’s socioemotional neurodevelopment and of interventions targeting maternal sensitivity early in life, particularly by increasing maternal interactive behavior in those with familial risk.
Prejudicial beliefs and COVID-19 disruptions among sexual minority men living with and not living with HIV in a high SARS-CoV-2 prevalence area
Authors: Kalichman Seth C , El-Krab Renee , Shkembi Bruno , Kalichman Moira O , Eaton Lisa A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had profound health and social impacts. COVID-19 also affords opportunities to study the emergence of prejudice as a factor in taking protective actions. This study investigated the association of COVID-19 concerns, prejudicial beliefs, and personal actions that involve life disruptions among people not living with and people living with HIV. 338 Black/African American men not living with HIV who reported male sex partners and 148 Black/African American men living with HIV who reported male sex partners completed a confidential survey that measured COVID-19 concern, COVID-19 prejudice, and personal action and institutionally imposed COVID-19 disruptions. Participants reported having experienced multiple social and healthcare disruptions stemming from COVID-19, including reductions in social contacts, canceling medical appointments, and inability to access medications. Mediation analyses demonstrated that COVID-19 concerns and COVID-19 prejudice were associated with personal action disruptions, indicating that these social processes are important for understanding how individuals modified their lives in response to COVID-19. It is imperative that public health efforts combat COVID-19 prejudice as these beliefs undermine investments in developing healthcare infrastructure to address COVID-19 prevention.
Rare and Atypical Presentations of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children: A Case Series
Authors: Hemram Sunil Kumar , Ghosh Arindam , Annigeri Saba 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic demyelinating disorder of central nervous system occurring in children with a wide range of clinical manifestations after infection or vaccination. There are few case reports in literature, describing atypical presentations of ADEM with fever of unknown origin, autonomic dysfunction, complex movement disorders such as myoclonus, dystonia and chorea, acute psychosis and myocarditis. Here, we report four cases of ADEM with atypical features like uniocular blindness, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies negative multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis, ADEM mimicking Guillain-Barre syndrome at presentation and isolated spinal ADEM. Treatment with high-dose steroids elicited an excellent neurological outcome in all patients. A high index of clinical suspicion along-with awareness of atypical features, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies are of paramount importance in establishing ADEM diagnosis and initiation of early treatment for better outcome.
Sharing Reflections on Multisource Feedback in a Peer Group Setting: Stimulating Physicians’ Professional Performance and Development
Authors: Bindels Elisa , van den Goor Myra , Scherpbier Albert , Lombarts Kiki , Heeneman Sylvia 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Reflecting on and using feedback are important for physicians’ continuous professional development (CPD). A common format is the discussion of multisource feedback (MSF) in a one-on-one session with a trusted peer or coach. A new approach is to discuss MSF during a peer group session moderated by a professional facilitator. This qualitative study explored how physicians experience participation in these peer group sessions in the context of their CPD.

Method
Between March and July 2018, 26 physicians were interviewed about their experiences in a peer group session. These physicians represented 13 monospecialty physician groups from 5 general hospitals in the Netherlands. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed iteratively, following the interpretative phenomenological approach.

Results
Participation was experienced as a process of disclosing and sharing personal reflections with peers while striking a balance between interpersonal proximity to and distance from peers. Sharing reflections with peers rendered the feedback more meaningful, deepened collegial relationships, and created a sense of urgency for improvement. Improvement goals were mostly related to relational fine-tuning in collaboration; goals related to individual career management remained in the background. Influential factors for the perceived effectiveness of the group sessions were related to the facilitator’s expertise, group size, continuity and quality of collegial relationships, personal vulnerabilities, and the context of CPD policy.

Conclusions
Peer group sessions offered interactivity and established a clear link between individual physicians and their work environments. Sharing reflections on MSF in a peer group setting provided physicians with nuanced insight into their professional performance and fostered a community spirit that supported the implementation of intended changes. Future research should focus on the role of group dynamics and communication strategies and the application of coaching principles, such as drawing up a detailed plan of action and monitoring the follow-up process.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Devices With Instillation/Irrigation
Authors: Crumley Carolyn 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this technologic analysis was to critique technologic features of devices designed to deliver negative pressure wound therapy with instillation or irrigation (iNPWT).

APPROACH:
Published literature regarding negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) devices with the added feature of instillation or irrigation was reviewed to provide an overview of iNPWT. Varied features of devices currently available in the United States were described based on instructions published by individual manufacturers. Safety information regarding iNPWT was derived from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) Database.

CONCLUSIONS:
The additional option of instillation or irrigation available with some NPWT devices may provide clinical benefits in carefully selected patients. Advantages may be related to facilitated removal of thick exudate and necrotic tissue. Devices with instillation options are indicated for inpatient settings, with ongoing monitoring of health care professionals. A simpler device with an intermittent irrigation option may be used in the home setting, with proper supervision. More research is needed to demonstrate the clinical effectiveness and cost of the therapy.
The Use of Prophylactic Foam Dressings for Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries
Authors: Sillmon Katherine , Moran Carter , Shook Lauren , Lawson Claire , Burfield Allison H. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the use of prophylactic foam dressings for prevention of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs).

METHODS:
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Statement (PRISMA).

SEARCH STRATEGY:
Four researchers independently conducted searches in Health Source, Cochrane of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and PubMed. Search terms included: “pressure* OR skin breakdown AND sacrum*”; “ICU patient* OR critical care patient*”; and “foam dressing OR prophylactic* or prevent*.”

FINDINGS:
The search identified 380 articles; 14 met eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable. Findings from all studies included in our review support a decrease in HAPI incidence with use of sacral foam dressings.

IMPLICATIONS:
Findings from this review suggest that prophylactic foam dressings decrease sacral HAPI occurrences in critical care patients. While additional research is needed, current best evidence supports use of prophylactic foam sacral dressings for patients at risk for HAPI.
Association of Systemic or Intravitreal Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) and Impaired Wound Healing in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Boyar Vita 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that has been used as a systemic chemotherapy treatment of various malignancies in adults since 2000. It has been used for pediatric patients over the last decade. In addition, bevacizumab is used for neonatal intravitreal administration for retinopathy of prematurity, a major complication of preterm birth, characterized by incomplete and abnormal vascularization of the retina that can lead to retinal detachment and blindness without treatment.

CASES:
The objective of this multiple case series is to report impaired wound healing seen in 3 adolescents and 1 premature neonate receiving bevacizumab and to propose collagen-based dermal template as a choice for the management of such wounds. The 3 adolescents were undergoing treatment of malignancies and developed wound healing complication within weeks of receiving anti-VEGF. The premature neonate experienced an extravasation and had a slow wound healing trajectory after receiving intravitreal administration of bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. All wounds achieved closure following topical treatment with a collagen dermal template.

CONCLUSION:
Use of bevacizumab is increasing in the pediatric population. Clinicians should be aware of compromised wound healing and higher likelihood of wound dehiscence after bevacizumab administration. We recommend waiting for at least 4 to 6 weeks between anti-VEGF administration (either systemic or vitreous) and elective surgical procedures, consistent with adult literature recommendations. If patient has an existing wound, we assert that bevacizumab should not be administered until that wound is healed. If wound healing is stalled, we recommend dermal template as a safe and effective accelerator of wound healing.
A Novel Method to Offload Neuropathic Ulcers of the Distal Phalanges in the Presence of First Ray Metatarsal Hypermobility
Authors: Christensen Deborah , Coviello Jane , Munn Sally , Petersen Birgit , Whitaker Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
The standard practice to heal neuropathic ulcers on the toes is to offload the affected areas with special types of therapeutic footwear including shoes and boots to reduce the amount of pressure on the wound. Once healed, the individual wears custom insoles to prevent the development of new wounds. In our practice, we found that some newly healed wounds will reulcerate despite wearing therapeutic footwear. We devised a method to prevent and offload neuropathic foot ulcers on the distal phalanges in the presence of first ray metatarsal hypermobility, a common problem associated with the development of wounds.

CASES:
Three individuals with first ray metatarsal hypermobility and recurrent neuropathic ulcers demonstrated healing using a buttress constructed from a tampon placed under the plantar surface of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The buttress was successful in supporting the first ray metatarsal to keep it in proper alignment.

CONCLUSION:
We found using a buttress was an effective nonsurgical intervention for these 3 individuals with first ray metatarsal hypermobility to prevent and offload neuropathic hallux ulcers.
Deep Learning for Caries Detection using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Huang Yu-Ping , Lee Shyh-Yuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarly detection of dental caries has been one of the most predominant topics studied over the last few decades. Conventional examination through visual-tactile inspection and radiography can be inaccurate and destructive to the tooth structure. The development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has given dentistry an alternative diagnostic technique, which has been proven by numerous studies, that it has better sensitivity, specificity, and non-invasive characteristics. The growing popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) also contributes to a more efficient and effective way of image-based detection and decision-making. However, previous studies, which have attempted to employ AI for caries assessment, did not incorporate high-quality ground truth data. Therefore, this study aims to bypass this issue and highlights the importance of high-quality data. A two-phase study was carried out to explore different methods for caries detection. Initially, the comparison of caries detection based on OCT and apical radiography by 5 experienced clinicians was conducted. Then, five convolutional neural networks (CNNs), including AlexNet, VGG-16, ResNet-152, Xception, and ResNext-101, in the scope of AI were employed to detect caries and compared with the findings of the 5 clinicians. The data was preprocessed and labeled with the ground truth corresponding to microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) with rigorous definition. The weighted Kappa statistics suggested that OCT (ϰ= .699, SD = .090) showed a higher accuracy rate than radiography (ϰ= .407, SD = .049), and CNNs (ϰ= .860, SD = .049) were rated higher than clinicians (ϰ= .679, SD = .113), both at a .05 significance level. The best result was carried out by ResNet-152, which demonstrated a high accuracy rate of 95.21% and a sensitivity of 98.85%. These findings illustrate the importance of ground truth data for AI training and the potential of deep CNN algorithms combined with OCT for diagnosing dental caries.
Computing the Prevalence and Severity of an Epidemic Using only the Distribution of Simple Tests for Infection Confirmation
Authors: Shahar Yuval , Mokryn Osnat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEpidemics and Pandemics such as COVID-19 require estimating total infection prevalence. Accurate estimates support better monitoring, evaluation of proximity to herd immunity, estimation of infection fatality rates (IFRs), and assessment of risks due to infection by asymptomatic individuals, especially in developing countries, which lack population-wide serological testing.We suggest a method for estimating the infection prevalence by finding thePivot group, the population sub-group with the highest susceptibility for being confirmed as positively infected. We differentiatesusceptibility to infection, assumed to be uniform across all population sub-groups (a key assumption), fromsusceptibility to developing symptoms and complications, which differs between sub-groups (e.g., by age). We compute the minimal infection-prevalence factor by which the number of positively confirmed patients should be multiplied that allows for a sufficient number of Pivot-group infections that explains the number of Pivot group confirmations.We applied the method to the COVID-19 pandemic, using UK and Spain serological surveys. Our key assumption held, and actual infection-prevalence factors were consistent with our predictions. We computed minimal infection-prevalence factors, and when possible, assessed IFRs and serology-based IFRs, for the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries.Estimating a lower bound for an epidemic’s infection prevalence using our methodology is feasible, and the assumptions underlying it are valid. The use of our methodology is often necessary for developing countries, especially in the early phases of an epidemic when serological data are not yet available or when new mutations of a known virus appear.
The first GAEN-based COVID-19 contact tracing app in Norway identifies 80% of close contacts in “real life” scenarios
Authors: Meijerink Hinta , Madslien Elisabeth H. , Mauroy Camilla , Johansen Mia Karoline , Møgster Braaten Sindre , Steen Lunde Christine Ursin , Arnesen Trude Margrete , Feruglio Siri Laura , Nygård Karin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 response in most countries depends on testing, isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine, which is labor- and time consuming. Therefore, several countries worldwide launched Bluetooth based apps as supplemental tools. We evaluated the new Norwegian GAEN (Google Apple Exposure Notification) based contact tracing app “Smittestopp” under two relevant simulated scenarios, namely standing in a queue and riding public transport.We compared two configurations (C1: 58/63 dBm; C2: 58/68 dBm) with multiple weights (1.0-2.5) and time thresholds (10-15 min), by calculating notification rates among close contacts (≤2 meters, ≥15 min) and other non-close contacts. In addition, we estimated the effect of using different operating systems and locations of phone (hand/pocket) using χ2.C2 resulted in significantly higher notification rates than C1 (p-value 0.05 - 0.005). The optimal setting resulted in notifications among 80% of close contacts and 34% of other contacts, using C2 with weights of 2.0 for the low and 1.5 for the middle bucket with a 13-minutes time threshold. Among other contacts, the notification rate was 67% among those ≤2 meters for <15 minutes compared to 19% among those >2 meters (p=0.004). Significantly (p-values 0.046 - 0.001) lower notification rates were observed when using the iOS operating systems or carrying the phone in the pocket instead of in the hand.This study highlights the importance of testing and optimizing the performance of contact tracing apps under “real life” conditions to optimized configuration for identifying close contacts.
Vps501, a novel vacuolar SNX-BAR protein cooperates with the SEA complex to
induce autophagy
Authors: Goyal Shreya , Segarra Verónica A. , Nitika  , Stetcher Aaron M. , Truman Andrew W. , Reitzel Adam M. , Chi Richard J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The sorting nexins (SNX), constitute a diverse family of molecules that play
varied roles in membrane trafficking, cell signaling, membrane remodeling,
organelle motility and autophagy. In particular, the SNX-BAR proteins, a SNX
subfamily characterized by a C-terminal dimeric Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) lipid
curvature domain and a conserved Phox-homology domain, are of great interest. In
budding yeast, many SNX-BARs proteins have well-characterized endo-vacuolar
trafficking roles. Phylogenetic analyses allowed us to identify an additional
SNX-BAR protein, Vps501, with a novel endo-vacuolar role. We report that Vps501
uniquely localizes to the vacuolar membrane and works with the SEA complex to
regulate autophagy. Furthermore, we found cells displayed a severe deficiency in
starvation-induced/nonselective autophagy only when SEA complex subunits are
ablated in combination with Vps501, indicating a cooperative role with the SEA
complex during autophagy. Additionally, we found the SEA complex becomes
destabilized in
vps501Δsea1Δ cells,
which resulted in aberrant TORC1 hyperactivity and misregulation of autophagy
induction.