bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistics and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analyses of the Experimentally Confirmed Thermal Behavior of Self-designed Internally Cooled Smart Cutting Tool
Authors: Öztürk Erkan , Yıldızlı Kemal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When compared with dry machining, using traditional cutting fluids has some weaknesses such as environmental pollution, high machining costs and harmful effects on human health. Internally cooled cutting tools (ICCT) have been a promising, sustainable, health-friendly and green technologies for turning applications. However, the effects of different types of internal coolant fluids on insert tip temperature (Ttip) have not been investigated for ICCTs. Within effective cooling, machining quality of metallic materials and tool life can improve. Therefore, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model for a self-designed internally cooled smart cutting tool (ICSCT) was set. The CHT simulation was experimentally confirmed using pure water. After that, the effects of flow velocity (Vf), inlet temperature of the coolant fluid (Tinlet) alongside different types of glycol-based heat transfer fluids (including pure water) on Ttip were statistically evaluated by the Taguchi method and analysis of the variance (ANOVA). It was found that the most effective factor was the Tinlet at a contribution ratio level of 88.32%. Additionally, Vf and the type of heat transfer fluid were found to be significant according to statistics. Hence, since no external coolant is used, the designed smart tool can be counted as being environmentally friendly and health friendly. In conclusion, the glycol-based fluids can be a better choice for internally cooled tool designs owing to their superior features, e.g., corrosion prevention, nontoxicity and stable heat transfer capability at lower temperatures compared to pure water although pure water has better thermal properties than the glycol-based fluids.
Chatter Suppression and Stability Analysis of Rotary Ultrasonic Milling Titanium Alloy Thin-walled Workpiece
Authors: Sun Lianjun , Zheng Kan , Liao Wenhe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Titanium alloy and its thin-walled structures are widely used in the aerospace field. Aiming at the processing chatter and difficult-to-machine problem of titanium alloy thin-walled workpieces, rotary ultrasonic milling technology (RUM) is employed to restrict machining vibration in this paper. Firstly, the titanium alloy web with low stiffness is equivalent to a mass-spring-damping system with three degrees of freedom for describing its dynamic characteristics. Then, a novel stability analysis method is proposed for RUM thin-walled workpiece (RUM-tww) through defining an ultrasonic function angle. Furthermore, RUM-tww stability lobe diagrams (SLDs) are achieved based on the semi-discrete method (SDM). The simulation results show that the milling stability of titanium alloy webs is improved effectively under the effect of ultrasonic vibration energy. Compared with conventional milling thin-walled workpiece (CM-tww), the stability region of RUM-tww is increased by 80.32% within the spindle speed from 1000r/min to 5000r/min. Finally, milling experiments are carried out to verify the validity and rationality of SLDs via analyzing chatter marks, cutter marks and flatness on the machined surface. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
A Case of Mucor Irregularis-Associated Cutaneous Mucormycosis in the Forearm
Authors: Wu Zeting , Dong Wenwei , Yao Liwei , Xu Dingli , Chen Xianwu , Mao Haijiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A 61-year-old man developed rupture of the left forearm after cupping 1 year ago, which was partially improved after surgical dressing change. However, the lesion site recurred repeatedly since then and no cure was found. In the recent one month, he came to the hospital for treatment due to the increased area of skin rupture. The lesions involved subcutaneous tissue, reaching deep to the fascia layer, with large black mildew spots on the surface and necrosis like bean dregs in the deep part. The lesion was irregular in distribution, with different sizes and unclear boundaries. Blood blisters and papules could be seen on the skin at the edge, with partial rupture and hemorrhage.
Soil Structure Interaction Effects on Stability of HP/HT Unburied Subsea Pipelines Using a Probabilistic-Based Approach
Authors: Forcellini Davide , Mina Daniele , Karampour Hassan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soil structure interaction (SSI) may considerably affect the seismic vulnerability of subsea high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) pipelines. Numerical simulations are herein proposed to study the effects of soil deformability on failure of an unburied pipeline with D/t = 20, laid on the seabed and resting on a sleeper. OpenSees is used to assess an earthquake scenario imposed on a laterally buckled pipeline by considering the effects of non-linear soil behaviour on the mechanisms that induce damage on the soil-pipeline system. Uncertainties in the case study were considered by applying a probabilistic-based approach and by developing analytical fragility curves that allow estimation of the probability of exceedance of the selected failure criteria.
Target Position and Safety Margin Effects on Path Planning in Obstacle Avoidance
Authors: Saeedpour-parizi Mohammad R. , Hassan Shirin E. , Azad Ariful , Baute Kelly J. , Baniasadi Tayebeh , Shea John B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study examined how people choose their path to a target, and the visual information they use for path planning. Participants avoided making contact with an obstacle as they walked to a bookcase and picked up a cup from different locations on a shelf. Participants chose a path with a smaller deviation angle from a straight line to the target and chose a side of the obstacle which was closer to them. Unlike previous studies which have not included a safety margin in their analyses, we found that the right and left safety margins combined to account for 26% of the variability in path planning decision making. In some cases, participants chose a longer path around the obstacle even when the available safety margin which would have resulted in a straight line to the target was large enough to allow passage. Gaze analysis findings showed that participants directed their gaze to minimize the uncertainty involved in successful task performance and that gaze sequence changed with obstacle location. Early in their walk to the target, the greatest allocation of gaze was on the safety margin and target, later in their walk, gaze shifted to the safety margin when it was small, and then gaze shifted primarily to the target after the participant passed the obstacle. Our results of a path selection judgment test showed that the threshold for participants abandoning their preferred side for circumventing the obstacle was 15 cm to the left of the bookcase shelf center.
Feng Shui and Imperial Examinations: A Case Study on the 1849 Severe Flood in Nanjing and Discussions on Flood Discharge
Authors: Xu Zhengrong , Yang Yuda , Sun Tao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Social adaptations to natural hazards have been influenced by various social and economic factors including traditional cultures such as Feng Shui that is known as Chinese geomancy. This study examined not only the progressive processes and spatial distribution of the 1849 severe flood in Nanjing city but also subsequent countermeasures based on historical documents, maps, and digital elevation model (DEM) data. As an adaptation to extreme floods, a project that connects Xuanwu Lake to the Yangtze River has been deeply discussed to relieve the flood risk. As the role of the traditional concept of Feng Shui in China was not neglectable, however, local officials and elites of Nanjing city worried that the project may destroy the Feng Shui of the city, which may bring misfortune to local candidates in the Imperial Examinations, their future promotion, and the prosperity of their families. This indicates that, in the complicated traditional Chinese society, such traditional cultures may play an important role in determining social adaptations to climate change. However, these concepts may not lead to a consensus without specific institutional culture. Hence, in a complicated traditional society, the institutional culture was also fundamental to build social adaptations to climate change. This project has been eventually completed in 1931 as the concepts have kept dynamically being changed in a complicated society, which demonstrates that the relationship between the culture and the social adaptation to climate change is also evolving.
Elementary Schools’ Response to Student Wellness Needs During the COVID-19 Shutdown: A Qualitative Exploration Using the R=MC2 Readiness Heuristic
Authors: Calvert Hannah , Lane Hannah G. , McQuilkin Michaela , Wenner Julianne A. , Turner Lindsey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: During spring of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying public health advisories forced K-12 schools throughout the United States to suspend in-person instruction. School personnel rapidly transitioned to remote provision of academic instruction and wellness services such as school meals and counseling services. When schools operate under typical circumstances, many factors affect their capacity to provide services to students. The aim of this study was to investigate how schools responded to the transition to remote supports, including assessment of what readiness characteristics schools leveraged or developed to facilitate those transitions. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the spring of 2020, with an interview guide informed by school wellness implementation literature. Personnel (n=50) from 39 urban and rural elementary schools nationwide participated. A team of three coders iteratively analyzed the data. After first-cycle open coding, the readiness = motivation capacity2 (R=MC2) heuristic, developed by Scaccia and colleagues, guided coding to determine themes related to schools’ readiness to support student wellness in innovative ways during the pandemic closure. Axial coding was then used to connect codes to themes within each readiness construct. Results: Two distinct code sets emerged, defined according to the R=MC2 heuristic (1) Innovations: roles that schools took on during the pandemic response, and (2) Readiness: factors influencing schools’ motivation and capacity to carry out those roles. The innovation was defined as a network of support for student wellness, which included themes such as serving meals, providing wellness services, and promoting positivity. Emergent themes related to Readiness included recognizing the need to support disadvantaged families, positive influence of local school leaders in coordinating the network, and attitudes of schools and the surrounding communities to “do anything it takes” to facilitate the network. Technology infrastructure was a cross-cutting theme which impacted schools’ readiness to carry out the network of support. Differences emerged between urban and rural schools. Conclusions: Schools demonstrated unprecedented capacity and motivation to provide crucial wellness support to students and families early in the COVID-19 pandemic. These efforts can inform future resource allocation and new strategies to implement school wellness practices when schools resume normal operations.
Bactericidal Potency of Bioderived Carbon and Calcium Decorated on Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanocomposite from Calotropis gigantea against Primitive Wound Associated Pathogens
Authors: Govindasamy G Ambarasan , Mydin Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. , Harun Nor Hazliana , Sreekan Srimala 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Commercialized antibiotics are often linked with ineffectiveness in treating chronic wound ulcer especially associated multi-drug resistant pathogens. Photocatalytic nanoparticles have become current trade attention as potent antibacterial agent. This study investigates the bactericidal potency of green synthesised CuO nanoparticles from Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea) leaves extract at different calcination temperatures (i.e. 400°C and 500 °C) against MDR and non-MDR wound related pathogens. A well-defined oval shape CuO nanoparticles were obtained at 500 °C (CuO-500C) with present of calcium and carbon atoms were characterized using the X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. FTIR and UV-Vis analysis successfully confirmed phenol and carbonyl group are the stabilizing phytochemical agents. Further antimicrobial performance of CuO-500C sample was observed against non-MDR and MDR pathogens. CuO-500C sample found to markedly inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus. A significant reduction of non-MDR Gram-positive bacterial colonies observe starts from 6 h exposure and bactericidal activity was noticed at 12 h exposure. Furthermore, constant prolong free radicals release was observed up to 30 days which might provide advantage against long-term antimicrobial application. Overall, it proves that high concentrated natural carbon and calcium wrapped green synthesised CuO nanocomposite demonstrated potential as a strong antimicrobial agent for combating pathogens associated with open wound infections especially in long- term basis.
Study on the Early Warning and Forecasting of Flash Floods in Small Watersheds Based on the Rainfall Pattern of Risk Probability Combination
Authors: Lu Lu , Yuan Wenlin , Su Chengguo , Gao Qianyu , Yan Denghua , Wu Zening 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Flash floods cause great harm to people's life and property safety. Rainfall is one of the main causes of flash floods in small watersheds. The uncertainty of rainfall events results in inconsistency between the traditional single rainfall pattern and the actual rainfall process, which poses a great challenge for the early warning and forecasting of flash floods. This paper proposes a novel rainfall pattern based on total rainfall and peak rainfall intensity, i.e., the rainfall pattern of risk probability combination (RPRPC). To determine the joint distribution function with the best fitting effect, copula functions are introduced and optimized. On this basis, the HEC-HMS hydrological model is used to simulate the rainfall-runoff process, a trial algorithm is used to calculate the critical rainfall (CR), and an optimistic-general-pessimistic (O-G-P) early warning mode considering the decision maker's risk preference is proposed. The small watershed of Xinxian in Henan province, China, is taken as a case study for calculation. The results show that the RPRPC is feasible and closer to the actual rainfall process than the traditional rainfall pattern (TRP) and that the HEC-HMS model can be applied to small watersheds in hilly areas. Additionally, the influence of antecedent soil moisture condition (ASMC) and rainfall pattern on critical rainfall varies with the change of peak rainfall intensity and rainfall duration. Finally, the O-G-P early warning mode is effective and provides a valuable reference for the early warning and forecasting of flash floods in small watersheds in hilly areas.
Elbow Dislocation With Irretrievable Rotating-rope Injury of the Forearm: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Jianchuan , Qin Song , Wang Tienan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Concurrent dislocation of the distal radiulnar joint of the proximal elbow and proximal radius fracture with rotatory noose injury medial to the ulnar tuberosity is an extremely rare case. No such injury has been reported in the domestic or international literature. The injury we report is similar to that of the proximal fibula of the ankle locked behind the tibial tuberosity, namely Bosworth's injury. We report a case of 36 male elbow proximal distal radial ulnar radial ulnar joint rotation joints and proximal radial fracture and dislocation bowstring in ulna nodule inside, in the rapid and timely accurate diagnosis under the emergency line open reduction and accurate judgment and treatment of this injury is challenging, early diagnosis and timely treatment can get the best curative effect.
Characterization of Tree Crops Biomass from Marginal Lands as Feedstock for Solid Biofuels
Authors: Kamperidou Vasiliki , TERZOPOULOU Paschalina , BARBOUTIS Ioannis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Even though the biomass production on marginal lands intended to be used as biofuel production feedstock has been proposed as an alternative viable option for meeting biofuel requirements and address the conflict between food and fuels, there are still concerns whether the species grown on marginal lands can have a high quality performance as solid biofuels feedstock. In this study, material of stem wood, branches and bark of three native forest species of Mediterranean region, turkish pine, black pine and black locust was harvested from marginal lands of North Greece, and thoroughly characterized on the basis of physical properties, combustion characteristics, chemical composition, and ash elemental analysis. The potential of these fast-growing drought-tolerant species to contribute as sustainable feedstock for qualitative solid biofuels production is high, with black pine to present the highest potential. The materials presented low moisture and ash contents, especially stems and branches, and high calorific values, comparable to species grown on conventional lands, attributed to high lignin contents. The materials ashes consist mainly of Ca, K, S, P major elements and their toxic elements contents are negligible, increasing the ashes potential to be utilized in fertilizing.
Social Media, Vaccine Hesitancy and Trust Deficit in Immunization Programs: A Qualitative Enquiry in Malappuram District of Kerala, India
Authors: Nair Anoop T , Nayar Kesavan Rajasekharan , Koya Shaffi Fazaludeen , Abraham Minu , Azariah Jinbert L. , Grace Chitra , Sreeku Sreekutty , Chembon Priya , Swarnam Kamala , Pandey Anant Kumar , Pillai A. Marthanda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWith increased penetration of the internet and social media, there are concerns regarding its negative role in influencing parents’ decisions regarding vaccination for their children. It is perceived that a mix of religious reasons and propaganda by anti-vaccination groups on social media are lowering the vaccination coverage in Malappuram district of Kerala. We undertook a qualitative study to understand the factors responsible for generating and perpetuating vaccine hesitancy; to understand the pathways of trust deficit in immunization programs; and to understand the interaction between various social media actors. MethodsIn-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted among parents/caregivers, physicians, public sector health staff, alternate system medical practitioners, field healthcare workers, and teachers in areas with highest and lowest vaccination coverage in the district as well as with communication experts. ResultsThe trust-deficit between parents/caregivers and healthcare providers is created by multiple factors such as providers’ lack of technical knowledge, existing patriarchal societal norms, and vaccine critical views of naturopaths and homeopaths. Anti-vaccine groups use social media to influence caregivers' perceptions and beliefs. Religion does not appear to play a major role in creating vaccine resistance in this setting. ConclusionsA long-term, multi-pronged strategy should be adopted to address the trust deficit. In the short to medium term, health sector can focus on appropriate and targeted vaccine related communication strategies including the use of infographics, soft skill development of health workers, technical competency improvement through a mobile application-based repository of information, and creation of a cell to monitor vaccine related conversations in social media and intervene if needed.
Mechanism of Antimicrobial Activity of Honeybee (Apis Mellifera) Venom on Gram-Negative Bacteria: Escherichia Coli and Pseudomonas Spp.
Authors: HAKTANIR Izlem , Masoura Maria , MANTZOURIDOU Fani Th , GKATZIONIS Konstantinos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Honeybee venom (Apitoxin, BV), a secretion substance expelled from the venom gland of bees, has being reported as antimicrobial against various bacterial species; however, the mechanism of action remains uncharacterized. In this study, the antibacterial activity of BV was investigated on hygiene indicator Escherichia coli and the environmental pathogen and spoilage bacterial species, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. An array of methods was combined to elucidate the mode of action of BV. Viability by culture on media was combined with assessing cell injury with flow cytometry analysis. ATP depletion was monitored as an indicator to metabolic activity of cells, by varying BV concentration (75, 225and 500µg/mL), temperature (25°H and 37°o), and time of exposure (0 to 24h). Venom presented moderate inhibitory effect on E. coli by viability assay, caused high membrane permeability and significant ATP loss where the effect was increased by increased concentration. The viability of P. putida was reduced to a greater extent than other tested bacteria at comparable venom concentrations and was dictated by exposure time. On the contrary, P. fluorescens appeared less affected by venom based on viability; however, flow cytometry and ATP analysis highlighted concentration- and time-dependent effect of venom. According to Transmission Electron Microscopy results, the deformation of the cell wall was evident for all species. This implies a common mechanism of action of the BV which is as follows: the cell wall destruction, change of membrane permeability, leakage of cell contents, inactivation of metabolic activity and finally cell death.
Circular RNA circ_001422 Promotes Progression and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma via the miR-195-5p/FGF2/PI3K/Akt Axis
Authors: Yang Bingsheng , Li Lutao , Tong Ge , Zeng Zhirui , Tan Jianye , Su Zexin , Liu Zhengwei , Lin Jiezhao , Gao Wenwen , Chen Jianping , Zeng Sisi , Wu Guofeng , Li Lin , Zhu Shuang , Liu Qiuzhen , Lin Lijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in diverse processes that drive cancer development. Nevertheless, the expression landscape and mechanistic function of circRNAs in osteosarcoma (OS) remain to be studied.MethodsBioinformatics analysis and high-throughput RNA sequencing tools were employed to determine differentially expressed circRNAs between OS and adjacent healthy tissues. The expression levels of circ_001422 in clinical specimens and cell lines were measured using qRT-PCR. A total of 55 OS patients were recruited to analyze the association of circ_001422 expression with clinicopathologic features. Loss- and gain-of-function tests were conducted to explore the role of circ_001422 in OS cells. RNA immunoprecipitation, fluorescent in situ hybridization, bioinformatics databases, RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, mRNA sequencing, and rescue experiments were conducted to decipher the competitive endogenous RNAs regulatory network dominated by circ_001422.ResultsWe characterized a novel and abundant circRNA, circ_001422, which promoted the progression of OS. Circ_001422 expression was dramatically higher in OS cell lines and tissues relative to normal samples. Increased circ_001422 correlated with more advanced clinical stage, larger tumor size, more distant metastases and poorer overall survival of OS patients. Knockdown of circ_001422 markedly repressed proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis of OS cells in vivo and in vitro, whereas overexpression of circ_001422 exerted an opposite effect. Mechanistically, competitive interactions between circ_001422 and miR-195-5p elevated the expression of FGF2 while also initiating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These events enhanced the malignant characteristics of OS cells.Conclusions﻿Circ_001422 accelerates OS tumorigenesis and metastasis through modulating the miR-195-5p/FGF2/PI3K/Akt axis, implying that circ_001422 could be therapeutically targeted to treat OS patients.