bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with thinness among adolescent girls attending high schools in rural and urban high schools of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Akiso Denebo , Belachew Tefera , Arficho Tegegn , Zinab Beakal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite the government of Ethiopia is striving to reduce the prevalence of the undernutrition, thinness among adolescents is one of the challenging nutritional issues in lifecycle approach in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed on determining the prevalence of thinness and its associated factors among adolescent girls attending high schools in Soro District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Methods

Institution based comparative cross sectional study design was employed. The study was conducted from March 15 to April 15, 2019 in high schools of rural and urban settings of Sorro District, Hadiya Zone. Both binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done to identify the factors associated with thinness among adolescent girls.
Result

A total of 414 adolescent girls were participated in this study making the response rate of 100%. The mean age were (17.01± 1.55) and 16.90 ± 1.48, P = 0.437) among adolescent girls in rural and urban high schools respectively. The overall prevalence of the thinness among female adolescents attending high schools in Soro district, Hadiya Zone was 6.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in thinness among adolescent girls in rural and urban high schools. Household wealth tertile AOR: 4.19; 95% C.I: 1.13-15.47, P <0.05, source of drinking water AOR: 2.31; 95% C.I: 1.01-5.30, P <0.05, dietary diversity AOR: 3.99; C.I: 1.15-13.82, P <0.05 and skipping breakfast AOR: 2.97; C.I: 1.28-6.92, P <0.05 were found to be independent factors associated with thinness.
Conclusion

Being low in household wealth tertile, unprotected source of drinking water, inadequate dietary diversity and skipping breakfast were those factors identified to be independently associated with thinness among female adolescents. Attention should be given from government and nongovernmental organizations by empowering household economic capacity, extending access for pure drinking water and increasing nutrition sensitive agriculture focusing on maintaining food varieties.
A metal-free approach for the hydrogenolysis of unactivated C(aryl)–C(alkyl) bonds
Authors: Wang Huadong , Xu Yuliang , Yang Yizhou , Liu Yizhen , Li Zhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The hydrogenolysis of C–C bonds is among one of the most important processes in the petroleum industry which has been considered as a viable way to recycle waste polyolefins. These transformations typically rely on heterogeneous catalysts and take place at high temperature and high pressure with limited selectivity. Employing homogenous transition metal catalysts, while allowing the hydrogenolysis of C–C bonds to proceed under much milder conditions, is only suitable for substrates containing strained C–C bonds or directing groups. Here we report that a borenium complex can catalyze the selective hydrogenolysis of unstrained C(aryl)–C(alkyl) bonds of alkylarenes at ambient temperature, affording the corresponding alkanes and arenes. This method does not require the assistance of directing groups, and tolerates a range of functional groups. Mechanistic studies suggest a reaction pathway that involves a synergistic activation of dihydrogen by the borenium complex and alkylarenes, followed by retro-Friedel-Crafts reaction to cleave the C(aryl)–C(alkyl) bonds. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by the conversion of post-consumer polystyrene into valuable benzene and phenylalkanes with mass recovery above 90%, thus opening up new avenues for the recycling of aromatic chemicals from waste plastics.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Recycled and Virgin HDPE Corrugated Pipes Used in Road Drainage Systems
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Q. , Cousin Patrice , Mohamed Khaled , Robert Mathieu , El-Safty Adel , Benmokrane Brahim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe is one of the materials of interest for use in road drainage systems. The combination of ultraviolet (UV) light, temperature, and moisture can produce weak spots and lead to pipe degradation during the storage, installation, and repair process. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical, morphological structure, and thermomechanical properties of recycled and virgin pipes under UV exposure. Laboratory accelerated aging tests were conducted by exposing pipes to UV for 3600 hours with an irradiance of 0.89 W/(m2 nm) at a wavelength of 340 nm. A cycle of 12 hours—comprised of 8 hours of UV radiation at 60°C and 4 hours of no UV radiation at 50°C corresponding to no water condensation—was performed to condition the specimens. HDPE specimens were taken out after 3600 hours and analyzed with FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), oxidative-induction time (OIT) measurements, and tensile tests. The results show that the recycled pipes maintained good properties and were not significantly affected by UV radiation, similarly to the virgin pipes. Statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that there was no significant difference between tensile strength, elastic modulus, and hardness measurements before and after UV exposure. There were only a few small changes in the surface of the pipes. The addition of carbon black, antioxidants, and UV stabilizers prevented further aging of the pipes during UV exposure.
Enamel Remineralization and Dentine Tubules Occlusion by Bioactive Formulations Based on Ion-Doped Nanohydroxyapatite and Precursor Nanoparticles.
Authors: Ionescu Andrei Cristian , Esposti Lorenzo Degli , Iafisco Michele , Brambilla Eugenio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent health care products are based on formulations claimed to provide enamel remineralization and dentinal tubules occlusion through calcium-phosphate bioactive nanocompounds ( ion-doped hydroxyapatite and precursor nanoparticles). This study aimed to test and characterize for the first time the structure and composition of a representative sample of remineralizing toothpastes and topical mousses available on the market. The enamel remineralization and dentinal tubules occlusion efficacy of tested formulations were investigated in vitro. Formulations were characterized in terms of water- and acid-insoluble fractions, and PXRD, FTIR, and EDS analyses were performed to determine their composition and investigate the presence of bioactive compounds and doping elements. All formulations containing Ca-P bioactive nanocompounds showed remineralizing ability, notably when hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate compounds were doped with small amounts of CO3-, F, Mg, and Sr. Topical mousse formulations showed a higher tubules occlusion capability than toothpastes, independently from their composition. In conclusion, all tested formulations could express remineralizing potential both on enamel and dentin thanks to the presence of biomimetic Ca-P compounds. The presence of doping elements or CPP-ACP seems essential to allow such performances.
BANK MONITORING AS AN EXTERNAL GOVERNANCE MECHANISM AND THE BORROWERS’ FIRM VALUE
Authors: Dina Alexandra Ryan Ahmad , Hermawan Ancella Anitawati 
Published: November 2021

The objective of this research is to examine the effect of bank monitoring as an alternative of corporate governance mechanisms on the borrowers’ firm value. The strengths of bank monitoring on the borrowers are measured based on the magnitude of the bank loan, the size of the loan from banks with high monitoring quality, the length of a bank loan outstanding period, and the number of lenders. The research hypotheses were tested using multiple regression model with a sample of 230 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2009. The empirical results show that only the size of the loan from banks with high monitoring quality and the number of lenders significantly influences the borrowers’ firm value. These findings imply that only banks with high monitoring quality could play an important role in the corporate governance and therefore increasing the firm value by their monitoring function. Furthermore, bank monitoring is less effective if a company borrows from many banks, and therefore decreasing the firm value.
Peningkatan Nilai Agama dan Moral Anak Usia Dini Melalui Kegiatan Latihan Manasik Haji
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu , Ningsih Sri Rahayu 
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah; 1) untuk mengetahui perkembangan nilai agama dan moral anak-anak di TK Aisyiyah 4 Reco sebelum dilaksanakan kegiatan latihan manaik haji/umrah, 2) untuk mengetahui seberapa besar penigkatan perkembangan nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini di TK Aisyiyah 4 Reco setelah dilaksanakan kegiatan latihan manasik haji/umrah, 3) untuk mengetahui hambatan dan kendala yang ditemui saat pelaksanaan keguatan latihan manasik haji/umrah di TK Aisyiyah 4 Reco. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Subyek penelitiannya adalah pihak-pihak yang ada di TK Aisyiyah 4 Reco, diantaranya adalah: guru, siswa, dan wali murid TK Aisyiyah 4 Reco. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan langkah-langkah penelitian naturalistic, sehingga analisis data dilakukan langsung di lapanagan dengan pengumpulan data. Setelah melaksanakan kegiatan latihan manasik haji/umrah, anak yang mempunyai capaian perkembangan MB (Mulai Berkembang) meningkat menjadi BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan), yaitu 5% menjadi 27% Anak yang BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan) meningkat menjadi BSB (Berkembang Sangat Baik, yaitu 13% menjadi 73%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan latihan manasik haji/umrah dapat meningkatkan perkembangan nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini di TK Aisyiyah 4 Reco.
Performance verification of novel rotor line start PMSM
Authors: Zöhra Berkan , Akar Mehmet 
Published: November 2021

In this study, 5.5-kW 1500 rpm IEC-60034-30-1:2014-IE4 super premium efficiency class Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LS-PMSM) was presented with an innovative rotor design utilizing two different slot types have been used. The slots offered in two different geometries make a significant contribution to the motor in the form of a high starting torque thus increasing the synchronization ability. The prototype was manufactured for the optimal model obtained via analytical methods and Finite Element Software. Torque ripples that pose an important issue for permanent magnet motors were tried to be reduced by way of a skewed stator structure. In addition, motor frame and stator main dimensions were acquired from a standard IE2 induction motor design during the manufacturing of the prototype. Experimental studies for the suggested LS-PMSM topology put forth a 6 % higher efficiency in comparison with low efficiency IE2 standard induction motors with the same shaft power. Results for the starting performance, torque ripples and back-EMF were presented for the prototype motor under a constant load of 0-1.25 p.u. It was verified as a result of the study that LS-PMSMs can be used as an alternative to induction motors in pump and fan industrial applications.
Wavelet packet analysis on blasting vibration signal under different cutting method
Authors: Man Ke , Liu Xiaoli , Song Zhifei 
Published: November 2021

For the smooth blasting method, the straight parallel hole cutting method, single wedge hole cutting method and double wedge hole cutting method have been devised. Corresponding to the devised cutting methods, the blasting test have been carried out in site. By the blasting vibration monitor technology, the blasting effect and peak blasting vibration velocity have been considered and compared. From the points of blasting footage, half hole ratio of the peripheral hole, rock slag throwing distance and the homogenization degree of rock slag, the blasting effect has been assessed separately. In advance, for straight parallel hole cutting, there is a rather higher ratio in the low frequency band area, the Power Spectral Density (PSD) mainly concentrated in the range of 0-100 Hz. However, for the wedge hole cutting, the PSD mainly ranges from 0 to 800 Hz, concentrated in a higher frequency band area. Meantime, for straight parallel hole cutting, the overall energy distribution is in the low frequency part, and the distribution difference is a bit large. For the single wedge hole cutting, about 25 % of the energy in the second layer is concentrated in the range of 1000-2000 Hz. In the third layer, about 20 % of the energy is concentrated in the range of 1500-2000 Hz. Furthermore, for the double wedge hole cutting, the energy distribution is basically uniform, and there is equivalent vibration energy distribution in each frequency band. In the second layer, about 50 % of the energy is concentrated in the high frequency part, that is in the 1000-2000 Hz. Even in the range of 1750-2000 Hz, there is about 20% of the energy still distributed here.
Study on the streamflow compensation characteristics of reservoirs in Luanhe River Basin based on Copula function
Authors: Wan Fang , Xiao Lingfeng , Chai Qihui , Li Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of economy and society, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is increasing. Efficient utilization and allocation of limited water resources are one of the main means to solve the above contradictions. In this paper, the multidimensional joint distribution of natural streamflow series in reservoirs is constructed by introducing the mixed Copula function, and the probability of wet and dry encounters between natural streamflow is analyzed. Luan River is located in the northeastern part of Hebei Province, China, taking the group of Panjiakou Reservoir, Douhe Reservoir and Yuqiao Reservoir in the downstream of Luan River Basin as an example, the probabilities of synchronous and asynchronous abundance and depletion of inflow from the reservoirs are calculated. The results show that the probability of natural streamflow series between reservoirs is 61.14% for asynchronous wetness and dryness, which has certain mutual compensation ability. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the risk of water supply security in Tianjin, Tangshan and other cities, and strengthen the optimal joint water supply scheduling of reservoirs. The research results are reasonable and reliable, which can provide reference for water supply operation of other basins.
Investigation of impact of climate change on small catchments using different climate models and statistical approaches
Authors: Guven Aytac , Pala Abdulhadi , Sheikhvaisi Mohamad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of a statistical downscaling technique is needed to investigate the hydrological consequences of climate change on the local hydropower capacity. Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are crucial tools used in various simulations for potential climate change effects, including precipitation and temperature. Statistical downscaling methods comprise the improvement of relations between the large-scale climatic parameters and the local variables. This study presents the trend analysis of the observed variables compared to the statistically downscaled emission scenarios that are adopted from the Canadian Second Generation Earth Systems Model (CanESM2) in the basin of Göksu River which is located in Turkey. The key purpose of the research is to evaluate both the predicted monthly precipitation and the projections of GCMs within the three simulated scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 by Gene Expression Programming (GEP). In addition, the findings of statistical downscaling of monthly mean precipitation will be compared to the Linear Regression (LR) model. The R-value is 0.827 and 0.755 for precipitation of the GEP model for the periods of calibrating and validation. In comparison with the LR model for the validation and calibration periods (1971–2005), the results of the GEP model prove its applicability in projecting the data for monthly mean rainfall. Generally, in the simulated periods of 2021–2100, the mentioned scenarios forecast a decline in the monthly mean precipitation in the basin. Moreover, the scenario of RCP8.5 projected more suitably for the case study than expected under the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP2.6. The mean statistically downscaled CanESM2 model was compared with the trend analysis of the areal mean precipitation over the case study area, and the trend was shown as decreasing. However, the RCP 8.5 scenario was the more quasi-asymptotic for trend.
Application of CoMn/CoFe layered double hydroxide based on metal–organic frameworks template to activate peroxymonosulfate for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Wei Haitong , Gao Yanhui , Wang Ning , Yuan Xiaoying , Chi Zhilong , Zhao Guangli , Song Shuguang , Song Jianjun , Jin Xinghui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have unique properties and stable structures, which have been widely used as templates/precursors to prepare well developed pore structure and high specific surface area materials. In this article, an innovative and facile method of crystal reorganization was designed by using MOFs as sacrificial templates to prepare a layered double hydroxide (LDH) nano-layer sheet structure through a pseudomorphic conversion process under alkaline conditions. The obtained CoMn-LDH and CoFe-LDH catalysts broke the ligand of MOFs and reorganized the structure on the basis of retaining a high specific surface area and a large number of pores, which had higher specific surface area and well developed pore structure compared with LDH catalysts prepared by traditional methods, and thus provide more active sites to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Due to the unique framework structure of MOFs, the MOF-derived CoMn-LDH and CoFe-LDH catalysts could provide more active sites to activate PMS, and achieve a 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation of 99.3% and 99.2% within 20 minutes, respectively. In addition the two LDH catalysts displayed excellent degradation performance for bisphenol A, ciprofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the valence state transformation of metal elements participated in PMS activation. Electron paramagnetic resonance manifested that sulfate radical () and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the main species for degrading pollutants. In addition, after the three-cycle experiment, the CoMn-LDH and CoFe-LDH catalysts also showed long-term stability with a slight activity decrease in the third cycle. The phytotoxicity assessment determined by the germination of mung beans proved that PMS activation by MOF-derived LDH catalysts can basically eliminate the phytotoxicity of a 2,4-D solution. This research not only developed high-activity LDH catalysts for PMS activation, but also expanded the environmental applications of MOF derivants.
Clinical Features of Acute Retinal Necrosis with Optic Neuropathy
and Central Retinal Artery Occlusion as Initial Manifestations
Authors: Tong Bainan , Yang Li , Bai Feng , Jia Yan , Liu Xiaoli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Acute retinal necrosis normally occurs at the periphery retina and gradually
merges and progresses to the posterior pole. Optic neuropathy and central retinal artery
occlusion as initial manifestation is very rare. We report the case of a patient with optic
neuropathy and central retinal vessels as the first manifestations of acute retinal
necrosis. Antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, and drugs that improve blood circulation were
given. The necrotic retina and swollen optic disc disappeared gradually. However, the
final vision of this eye declined to no light perception. From the first case report in 2001
to now, a total of 8 sporadic cases have been reported. The average onset age is
60.85±14.05 years. Most of them had no history of virus infection. Cardiovascular
disease history maybe a risk factor. Acute retinal necrosis should be considered in
patients with retinal vascular occlusion accompanied by granulomatous anterior uveitis.
Further research is needed to determine whether treatments in addition to antiviral and
corticosteroid therapy are needed.
From Inhibition of GABA-A Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission by
Conventional Antidepressants to Negative Allosteric Modulators of Alpha5-
GABA-A Receptors as Putative Fast-Acting Antidepressant Drugs:
Closing the Circle?
Authors: Fernández-Teruel Alberto 
Published: November 2021

:
The present perspective paper shortly and specifically addresses the issues of whether inhibition of GABA-A receptor-mediated synaptic transmission may be involved in antidepressant-like actions and the therapeutic effects of conventional antidepressant (AD) drugs, and whether the recent development of negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of the alpha5-GABA-A receptor may constitute significant progress in our knowledge on the neurobiology and the treatment of depression.
Overcoming the Challenges of Detecting GPCR Oligomerization in the
Brain
Authors: Fernández-Dueñas Víctor , Bonaventura Jordi , Aso Ester , Luján Rafael , Ferré Sergi , Ciruela Francisco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest group of membrane receptor
proteins controlling brain activity. Accordingly, GPCRs are the main target of commercial drugs for
most neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the mechanisms by which GPCRs regulate
neuronal function is by homo- and heteromerization, with the establishment of direct protein-protein
interactions between the same and different GPCRs. The occurrence of GPCR homo- and heteromers
in artificial systems is generally well accepted, but more specific methods are necessary to address
GPCR oligomerization in the brain. Here, we revise some of the techniques that have mostly
contributed to reveal GPCR oligomers in native tissue, which include immunogold electron microscopy,
proximity ligation assay (PLA), resonance energy transfer (RET) between fluorescent ligands
and the Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay (ALPHA). Of note, we use the archetypical
GPCR oligomer, the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) heteromer
as an example to illustrate the implementation of these techniques, which can allow visualizing
GPCR oligomers in the human brain under normal and pathological conditions. Indeed, GPCR
oligomerization may be involved in the pathophysiology of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.