bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic complexity in the older patient: an unusual presentation of advanced biliary disease
Authors: Hosty Jennifer , Narramore Ruth , Boothroyd Matthew , Ramanath Rekha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biliary disease is common in the older population, and gallbladder dysfunction and increased bile lithogenicity predispose to calculi formation. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of gallbladder empyema. A 90-year-old male with metastatic prostate cancer presented with hypoactive delirium. With no localising features, normal liver function tests but persistently raised inflammatory markers, he was initially managed as a urinary tract infection. Chest wall discomfort and swelling over the right costal margin later developed. Abdominal imaging demonstrated a massive gallbladder empyema invaginating through the lower right rib cage, causing the superficial swelling. Pre-morbid status prevented cholecystectomy and he was managed conservatively with percutaneous cholecystostomy and antibiotics. He was discharged to 24-h care 2 weeks after diagnosis with a long-term drain.
Sentinel Nodal Metastasis Detection in Endometrial Carcinoma With Microcystic, Elongated, and Fragmented (MELF) Pattern by Cytokeratin Immunostaining
Authors: Rabe Kimmie M , Klein Molly E , Ghatak Sayak , Stout Irina , Schefter Alexandra , Erickson Britt K , Khalifa Mahmoud A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern of myoinvasion in endometrial carcinoma (EC) is associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis. Our aim is to assess the role of cytokeratin immunohistochemical (IHC) stains in detecting sentinel nodal metastasis in MELF pattern tumors.

Methods
We recovered 19 MELF pattern EC hysterectomies with lymphadenectomy from our files. Negative nodes were subjected to cytokeratin AE1/AE3 IHC. Ten additional cases with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies primarily assessed by IHC were also analyzed.

Results
Of the 19 cases of EC, 6 had positive lymph nodes based on H&E-stained sections at the time of their initial diagnosis. With the addition of IHC stains, 8 previously negative cases were found to have node metastases, and 3 of these were SLNs. Among the 10 cases primarily assessed by IHC, 5 had malignant cells in their SLNs.

Conclusions
Cytokeratin IHC staining detected malignant cells in 9 of 16 cases with SLNs in our sample of women with MELF pattern of myoinvasion. Immunohistochemical stains should be routinely performed on SLNs from all MELF-positive cases to detect occult lymph node metastases and isolated tumor cells.
Maternal Medication Use and Childhood Cancer in Offspring—Systematic Review and Considerations for Researchers
Authors: Hjorth Sarah , Hemmingsen Caroline H , Bénévent Justine , Broe Anne , Pottegaard Anton , Mørch Lina S , Leinonen Maarit K , Kjaer Susanne K , Hargreave Marie , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cancer is an important cause of childhood mortality, yet the etiology is largely unknown. A combination of pre- and postnatal factors is thought to be implicated, including maternal medication use. We aimed to provide: 1) a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications on associations between maternal medication use and childhood cancer, with a focus on study design and methodology; and 2) suggestions for how to increase transparency, limit potential biases, and improve comparability in studies on maternal medication use and childhood cancer. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases to June 8, 2020. Altogether, 112 studies were identified. The reviewed studies were heterogeneous in study design, exposure, and outcome classification. In 21 studies (19%), the outcome was any childhood cancer. Of the 91 papers that reported on specific types of cancer, 62% did not report the cancer classification system. The most frequently investigated medication groups were sex hormones (46 studies, excluding fertility medications), and antiinfectives (37 studies). Suggestions for strengthening future pharmacoepidemiologic studies on maternal medication use and childhood cancer relate to choice of cancer classification system, exposure windows, and methods for identification of, and control for, potential confounders.
Clarifying the Trade-Offs of Risk-Stratified Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Study
Authors: Hendrix Nathaniel , Gulati Roman , Jiao Boshen , Kader A Karim , Ryan Stephen T , Etzioni Ruth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cancer risk prediction is necessary for precision early detection, which matches screening intensity to risk. However, practical steps for translating risk predictions to risk-stratified screening policies are not well established. We used a validated population prostate-cancer model to simulate the outcomes of strategies that increase intensity for men at high risk and reduce intensity for men at low risk. We defined risk by the Prompt Prostate Genetic Score (PGS) (Stratify Genomics, San Diego, California), a germline genetic test. We first recalibrated the model to reflect the disease incidence observed within risk strata using data from a large prevention trial where some participants were tested with Prompt PGS. We then simulated risk-stratified strategies in a population with the same risk distribution as the trial and evaluated the cost-effectiveness of risk-stratified screening versus universal (risk-agnostic) screening. Prompt PGS risk-adapted screening was more cost-effective when universal screening was conservative. Risk-stratified strategies improved outcomes at a cost of less than $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year compared with biennial screening starting at age 55 years, but risk stratification was not cost-effective compared with biennial screening starting at age 45. Heterogeneity of risk and fraction of the population within each stratum were also important determinants of cost-effectiveness.
Verbascoside from Verbena incompta is a plant root growth inhibitor
Authors: Date Tomonori , Shigeno Kanamu , Hiroshima Megumi , Seo Kohei , Sato Masashi , Tebayashi Shinichi , Sato Shushi 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The use of biopesticides has expanded rapidly in recent years; however, their use in weed control is less advanced. Herein, we describe the development of a weed control agent by screening 208 plant extracts (104 species) for their plant growth-inhibition activities, which resulted in 142 active samples (from 89 plant species). Verbascoside, isolated from the shoots of Verbena incompta, was identified as a growth inhibitor against rice root (EC50, 1.75 m m), and its root growth-inhibition activity was also confirmed in radish, tomato, and Lotus japonicus. Verbascoside is composed of hydroxytyrosol (EC50,12.51 m m) and caffeic acid (EC50, 4.08 m m), 2 poorly water-soluble phenolic components with weak growth-inhibition activities, and 2 sugars, which are more soluble but inactive. The plant apparently developed a more active and highly soluble compound by condensing these 4 components. We conclude that a biopesticide containing verbascoside may be useful for weed-control purposes.
Life-history trade-offs, density, lay date—not personality—explain multibroodedness in great tits
Authors: Senécal Sarah , Mouchet Alexia , Dingemanse Niels J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn various taxa, multibroodedness is a common breeding strategy. Life-history theory predicts that individuals can increase fitness by producing multiple broods within a season. Despite the apparent increase in the number of offspring parents might produce per season, not all individuals are multibrooded, suggesting a trade-off. We studied ecological and behavioral factors influencing the initiation of second clutches in great tits (Parus major), an optionally multibrooded bird species, by distinguishing two types of clutches: replacement versus true second clutches, produced after failure versus successful first breeding attempts, respectively. We predicted which lay date, density, and investment in first clutches would decrease the probability of initiating a second clutch, but which faster exploring behavioral types with a faster pace-of-life would be more likely to be multibrooded. The probability of initiating true second clutches varied negatively within-individuals with lay date and breeding density. The initiation of replacement clutches instead varied negatively among-individuals with lay date and density, suggesting nonrandom settlement of behavioral types across environments. Individuals were less likely to be multibrooded when producing many offspring from their first clutch, suggesting within-year reproductive trade-offs, similar to previous studies. No previous research has linked personality to multibroodedness; here we show which neither the repeatable nor the plastic part of an individual’s exploratory behavior predicted multibroodedness. We confirmed our prediction which the resolution of trade-offs may occur either at the within- or among-individual level. Our research contributes to the understanding of life-history evolution in the wild by studying the mechanisms shaping multibroodedness within seasons.
Infectious disease mRNA vaccines and a review on epitope prediction for vaccine design
Authors: Cai Xinhui , Li Jiao Jiao , Liu Tao , Brian Oliver , Li Jinyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have recently emerged as a new type of vaccine technology, showing strong potential to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to SARS-CoV-2 which caused the pandemic, mRNA vaccines have been developed and tested to prevent infectious diseases caused by other viruses such as Zika virus, the dengue virus, the respiratory syncytial virus, influenza H7N9 and Flavivirus. Interestingly, mRNA vaccines may also be useful for preventing non-infectious diseases such as diabetes and cancer. This review summarises the current progresses of mRNA vaccines designed for a range of diseases including COVID-19. As epitope study is a primary component in the in silico design of mRNA vaccines, we also survey on advanced bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms which have been used for epitope prediction, and review on user-friendly software tools available for this purpose. Finally, we discuss some of the unanswered concerns about mRNA vaccines, such as unknown long-term side effects, and present with our perspectives on future developments in this exciting area.
VALIDATION OF A MURINE MODEL OF HYPERPLASIA IN COLON
Authors: Bote J , Ortega-Morán J F , Pagador B , Moreno-Lobato B , Saratxaga C L , Sánchez-Margallo F M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
New endoscopic technologies developed to improve colorectal cancer diagnosis need to be validated on animal models, which already exist for neoplastic polyps, but not for hyperplasia. For that, a hyperplastic model of growth in colon has been created on murine animal. For its characterization, a first pilot study was performed, and this study aims to validate the results.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
30 Pirc (Polyposis In the Rat Colon) rats, wild type strain (F344/NTac-Apcam1137), were used. The hyperplastic model was induced by laparotomy with a non-resorbable suture, not stenosing, placed through the colon wall. Then, colonic biopsies were extracted weekly from the growth around the suture.

RESULTS
After the second follow-up, hyperplastic growths are already found. The reproducibility of the model has been obtained and the optimal time determined, after induction of the model. According to our knowledge, this is the first induced colonic hyperplasia model in rats. It solves limitations of other traditional models that only produce hypertrophy, where hyperplasia appears when iatrogenic effects occur as undesired results in a non-standardised or reproducible form.

CONCLUSIONS
This work has successfully developed a preclinical model of colonic hyperplasia in rats that recreates important characteristics of human hyperplasia, such as the generation of new cells in the colonic mucosa and tissue growth, as well as the corresponding angiogenesis. The new hyperplastic model created could be used for the validation of endoscopic technology, and other studies. It would be useful to improve optical biomarkers of colorectal cancer and to discriminate between endoscopic findings.
SERUM LEVEL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Barneo-Caragol C , Menéndez Lobo A , Contreras Sainz E , Miyar de León A , Solar García L , Ramos Montes C , Ibáñez Fernández C , Martínez-Morillo E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Trace elements named copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) could play a role in the development of malignancy since they act as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. The aim was to evaluate the alterations in the serum levels of Cu, Se and Zn in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), by analyzing portal and arterial blood, collected before (pre) and after (post) tumor resection.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was carried out between September 18-May 19 with 27 resected PDAC patients. The portal and arterial blood samples collected during surgery were immediately sent to the Biochemistry laboratory, where they were stored at -80 °C until processed by mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, 7700x, Agilent).

RESULTS
Blood was not diluted during surgery (similar hematocrit). There was a significant positive correlation between arterial and portal serum levels (Spearman coefficient).

CONCLUSIONS
The concentrations of the trace elements are significantly lower after pancreatic resection. The good correlation between arterial and portal serum levels suggests that portal blood collection is unnecessary.
Grants: New diagnostic strategies for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DIAGNOPANC). Ministry for Science and Innovation, 2018. C. Seijo Fernandez, Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. A. Montes Llaneza, Unidad Enfermería Quirófano, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. E. Castro Celeiro, Unidad Enfermería Quirófano, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. L. Barneo Serra, Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias.
Integrating Visual Thinking Strategies in Social Work Education: Opportunities for the Future?
Authors: Lynch Deborah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPedagogy associated with engaging with the arts in social work education is a developing area of exploration and research. This conceptual article explores the potential use of Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS), which is a methodology where students look at artwork and discuss with peers. It draws on some existing literature on visual thinking or a similar pedagogical approach to stimulate thought and debate on the use of the methodology in contemporary social work education. The links discovered between VTS, critical inquiry and visual literacy highlight the relevance, and the potential of this methodology to contribute to student learning outcomes in direct practice social work courses through connecting skills-based competency with cognitive processes, such as critical inquiry and creativity. Engaging social work students in VTS can advance skills in observing, processing and communicating reasoning to peers in situations of ambiguity, which are critical for assessment and decision making in their future professional practice. There is a potential for students to engage with VTS in inter-professional education with medical, nursing and allied health students to facilitate communication and collaborative problem-solving. The article identifies the need for research to evaluate the use of VTS in the context of art-based pedagogies in social work.
Sex Differences in Cortical Morphometry and White Matter Microstructure During Brain Aging and Their Relationships to Cognition
Authors: Sang Feng , Chen Yaojing , Chen Kewei , Dang Mingxi , Gao Shudan , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Changes in brain structure are associated with aging, and accompanied by the gradual deterioration of cognitive functions, which manifests differently in males and females. Here, we quantify the age-related spatial aging patterns of brain gray and white matter structures, their volume reduction rate, their relationships with specific cognitive functions, as well as differences between males and females in a cross-sectional nondementia dataset. We found that both males and females showed extensive age-related decreases in the volumes of most gray matter and white matter regions. Females have larger regions where the volume decreases with age and a greater slope (females: 0.199%, males: 0.183%) of volume decrease in gray matter. For white matter, no significant sex differences were found in age-related regions, and the slope of volume decrease. More significant associations were identified between brain structures and cognition in males during aging than females. This study explored the age-related regional variations in gray matter and white matter, as well as the sex differences in a nondemented elderly population. This study helps to further understand the aging of the brain structure and sex differences in the aging of brain structures and provides new evidence for the aging of nondemented individuals.
Unraveling the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Ambulatory Antibiotic Drug Consumption in Young Children: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Danino Dana , van der Beek Bart Adriaan , Givon-Lavi Noga , Greenberg David , Ben-Shimol Shalom , Dagan Ron 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) reduce respiratory infections in young children, the main antibiotic consumers. Following PCV implementation, dispensed antibiotic prescription (DAP) rates in young children were expected to decline.

Methods
Computerized data on DAP for children &lt;5 years were examined during a 13-year period (including 4 pre-PCV years). All DAPs from clinics with ≥50 insured children, active both pre– and post–PCV implementation were included. Interrupted time-series with segmented regression was applied to analyze monthly DAP rate trends, adjusted for age, ethnicity, and season. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of DAPs during the late PCV13 period versus 4 years pre-PCV were calculated both as absolute rate ratios (aIRRs) and relative to expected rates (rIRRs).

Results
Of 1 090 870 DAPs, 57% were in children &lt;2 years. All-DAP rates peaked in the cold season. Post–PCV7/PCV13 implementation, all DAP rates abruptly and significantly declined, reaching a plateau within 5 years. This was largely driven by amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanate (75% of DAPs). Age &lt;2 years and Bedouin ethnicity were significantly associated with higher pre-PCV DAP rates but with faster and greater decline post-PCV, achieving near elimination of gaps between ages and ethnic groups. Overall reduction (95% CIs) in DAP rates per 1000 was estimated between aIRR (344.7 [370.9–358.4]) and rIRR (110.4 [96.9–123.7]) values.

Conclusions
Shortly following PCV implementation, overall DAP rates showed an abrupt, steep decline, stabilizing within 5 years, in parallel to post-PCV respiratory infection trends previously described in this population, suggesting causality. The variable patterns of certain drug categories suggest additional influences beyond PCV.
Clinical Translation and Evaluation of a Handheld and Biocompatible Mass Spectrometry Probe for Surgical Use
Authors: Zhang Jialing , Sans Marta , DeHoog Rachel J , Garza Kyana Y , King Mary E , Feider Clara L , Bensussan Alena , Keating Michael F , Lin John Q , Povilaitis Sydney C , Katta Nitesh , Milner Thomas E , Yu Wendong , Nagi Chandandeep , Dhingra Sadhna , Pirko Christopher , Brahmbhatt Kirtan A , Van Buren George , Carter Stacey , Thompson Alastair , Grogan Raymon H , Suliburk James , Eberlin Livia S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative tissue analysis and identification are critical to guide surgical procedures and improve patient outcomes. Here, we describe the clinical translation and evaluation of the MasSpec Pen technology for molecular analysis of in vivo and freshly excised tissues in the operating room (OR).MethodsAn Orbitrap mass spectrometer equipped with a MasSpec Pen interface was installed in an OR. A “dual-path” MasSpec Pen interface was designed and programmed for the clinical studies with 2 parallel systems that facilitated the operation of the MasSpec Pen. The MasSpec Pen devices were autoclaved before each surgical procedure and were used by surgeons and surgical staff during 100 surgeries over a 12-month period.ResultsDetection of mass spectral profiles from 715 in vivo and ex vivo analyses performed on thyroid, parathyroid, lymph node, breast, pancreatic, and bile duct tissues during parathyroidectomies, thyroidectomies, breast, and pancreatic neoplasia surgeries was achieved. The MasSpec Pen enabled gentle extraction and sensitive detection of various molecular species including small metabolites and lipids using a droplet of sterile water without causing apparent tissue damage. Notably, effective molecular analysis was achieved while no limitations to sequential histologic tissue analysis were identified and no device-related complications were reported for any of the patients.ConclusionsThis study shows that the MasSpec Pen system can be successfully incorporated into the OR, allowing direct detection of rich molecular profiles from tissues with a seconds-long turnaround time that could be used to inform surgical and clinical decisions without disrupting tissue analysis workflows.
Inside out: heart rate monitoring to advance the welfare and conservation of maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
Authors: Moraes Rosana N , Laske Timothy G , Leimgruber Peter , Stabach Jared A , Marinari Paul E , Horning Megan M , Laske Noelle R , Rodriguez Juan V , Eye Ginger N , Kordell Jessica E , Gonzalez Marissa , Eyring Tom , Lemons Christopher , Helmick Kelly E , Delaski Kristina M , Ware Lisa H , Jones Julia C , Songsasen Nucharin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic change is a major threat to individual species and biodiversity. Yet the behavioral and physiological responses of animals to these changes remain understudied. This is due to the technological challenges in assessing these effects in situ. Using captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus, n = 6) as a model, we deployed implantable biologgers and collected physiological data on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) over a 1-year period. To test for links between HR and changes in the environment we analysed HR daily rhythms and responses to potential stressors (e.g. physical restraint, change in housing conditions, short-distance transportation and unfamiliar human presence). The 2-min HR averages ranged from 33 to 250 bpm, with an overall rest average of 73 bpm and a maximum of 296 bpm. On average, HRV was higher in females (227 ± 51 ms) than in males (151 ± 51 ms). As expected, HR increased at dusk and night when animals were more active and in response to stressors. Sudden decreases in HR were observed during transportation in three wolves, suggestive of fear bradycardia. We provide the first non-anesthetic HR values for the species and confirm that behaviour does not always reflect the shifts in autonomic tone in response to perceived threats. Because strong HR responses often were not revealed by observable changes in behaviour, our findings suggest that the number and variety of stressors in ex situ or in situ environments for maned wolves and most wildlife species may be underestimated. Our study also shows that integrating biologging with behavioral observations can provide vital information to guide captive management. Similar technology can be used to advance in situ research for developing more effective welfare, management and conservation plans for the species.