bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periosteal expansion osteogenesis using an innovative, shape‐memory polyethylene terephthalate membrane: An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Imoto Kazuhiro , Yamauchi Kensuke , Odashima Kenji , Nogami Shinnosuke , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Kessler Peter , Lethaus Bernd , Unuma Hidero , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeriosteal expansion osteogenesis (PEO) results in the formation of new bone in the gap between periosteum and original bone. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane as an activation device. A dome‐shaped PET membrane coated with hydroxyapatite/gelatin on the inner side was inserted between the elevated periosteum and bone at the rabbit calvaria. In the experimental group, the membrane was pushed, bent, and attached to the bone surface and fixed with a titanium screw. In control group, the membrane was only inserted and fixed with titanium screw at original shape under the periosteum. After 7 days, the screw was removed and the mesh was activated in the experimental group. Three animals per group with or without setting a latency period for activation were sacrificed at 3 and 5 weeks after surgery. Bone formation was evaluated via micro‐computed tomography and determined by histomorphometric methods and histological evaluation. No PET membrane‐associated complications were observed during this study. The quantitative data by the area and the occupation of newly formed bone indicated that the experimental group had a higher volume of new bone than the control group at 3 weeks after surgery. Histologically, bone formation progressed to areas adjacent to the cortical perforations; many sinusoidal vessels ran from the perforations to overlying fibrous tissue via the new bone. No bone or obvious inflammatory cells were observed over the membrane. The PET membrane has biocompatible device for PEO that induces a natural osteogenic response at the gap between the original bone and periosteum.
miR‐218 contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma via targeting LRRC28
Authors: Chen Haifei , Cao Weiling , Chen Jiao , Liu Danbo , Zhou Lingyun , Du Fang , Zhu Feiqi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm featured by obvious drug resistance and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs with crucial roles in many biological processes including cancer initiation and progression. The current study aims to investigate the pathogenic role and molecular mechanism of miRNAs in MM drug resistance. In the present study, The expression profile of miRNAs in MM samples was analyzed by microarray and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell apoptosis was detected by the Annexin V staining assay. The interaction between miRNA and the targeting mRNA was assessed using Dual luciferase reporter assay. Herein, we show that expression profile of miRNAs is deregulated in MM. miR‐218, one of the most aberrational miRNAs in MM, is significantly decreased in MM cells compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Genetic manipulation reveals miR‐218 control the response of MM cells to anticancer drug bortezomib (BTZ). Overexpression of miR‐218 causes a significant aberrant genes expression including leucine rich repeat containing 28 (LRRC28). Mechanistic study shows that miR‐218 control the drug response through mediating the expression of LRRC28 in MM cells. Overexpression of LRRC28 significantly reserves miR‐218‐mediated cell response to BTZ. Taken together, miR‐218 is decreased in MM that contributes to BTZ resistance via targeting LRRC28, which might be used as a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.
Prognostic significance of hedgehog signaling network‐related gene expression in breast cancer patients
Authors: Kuehn Julia , Espinoza‐Sanchez Nancy Adriana , Teixeira Felipe C. O. B. , Pavão Mauro S. G. , Kiesel Ludwig , Győrffy Balázs , Greve Burkhard , Götte Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBreast cancer continues to be a serious public health problem. The role of the hedgehog pathway in normal development of the mammary gland as well as in carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer is the subject of intense investigation, revealing functional interactions with cell surface heparan sulfate. Nevertheless, its influence on breast cancer prognosis, and its relation to specific sulfation motifs in heparan sulfate have only been poorly studied in large patient cohorts. Using the public database KMplotter that includes gene expression and survival data of 3951 patients, we found that the higher expression of SHH, HHAT, PTCH1, GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 positively influences breast cancer prognosis. Stratifying patients according to the expression of hormone receptors, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and systemic therapy, we observed that GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 expression, as well as co‐expression of SHH and ELP1 were associated with worse relapse‐free survival in patients with HER2‐positive tumors. Moreover, GLI1 expression in progesterone receptor‐negative tumors and GLI3 expression in grade 3 tumors correlated with poor prognosis. SHH, in a panel of cell lines representing different breast cancer subtypes, and HHAT, PTCH1, GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 were mostly expressed in cell lines classified as HER2‐positive and basal‐like. Expression of SHH, HHAT, GLI2, and GLI3 was differentially affected by overexpression of the heparan sulfate sulfotransferases HS2ST1 and HS3ST2 in vitro. Although high HS2ST1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in KMplotter analysis, high levels of HS3ST2 were associated with a good prognosis, except for ER‐positive breast cancer. We suggest the GLI transcription factors as possible markers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer especially in HER2‐positive tumors, but also in progesterone receptor‐negative and grade‐3 tumors. The pathway interaction and prognostic impact of specific heparan sulfate sulfotransferases provide novel perspectives regarding a therapeutical targeting of the hedgehog pathway in breast cancer.
The potential antitumor effect of chrysophanol in relation to cervical cancer cells
Authors: Trybus Wojciech , Król Teodora , Trybus Ewa , Stachurska Anna , Król Grzegorz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChrysophanol is an anthraquinone with proven antitumor activity against several tumor cell lines. However, its effect on cervical cancer cells is still unknown. Therefore, HeLa cells were exposed to various concentrations of chrysophanol and then subjected to biochemical, ultrastructural, and morphological analysis. It has been shown using flow cytometry and MTT reduction assay that chrysophanol has been shown to inhibit cell viability and arrest cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, a significant increase in apoptosis was found after chrysophanol treatment on HeLa cells, and this process was mediated by caspases 3/7 with a clear inactivation of the antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family protein. However, the demonstrated increased number of cells with double‐stranded DNA breaks suggests that chrysophanol also causes DNA damage. By means of electron and fluorescence microscopy, a clear effect of chrysophanol on the intensification of degradation processes, on changes in the structure of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was demonstrated. The changes visible in the mitochondria may be related to the increase in the level of free radicals induced by chrysophanol, which induces apoptosis, inter alia, by increasing the permeability of mitochondrial membranes. The range of observed changes depended on the concentration of anthraquinone was tested.
Synthesis of new Schiff bases; Investigation of their in situ catalytic activity for Suzuki CC coupling reactions and antioxidant activities
Authors: Yılmaz Özgür 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNew series of Schiff bases have been synthesized from the reaction between cyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trien‐1‐ylmethanamine and different aldehydes, and characterized via using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and GC–MS. After the successful synthesis, the in situ catalytic activity of all Schiff bases have been examined for the Suzuki CC cross‐coupling reactions using phenylboronic acid, aryl bromides, and PdCl2 as a catalyst. Before starting these investigations, reaction conditions were optimized using different bases and solvents. At the end of these reactions, the best efficiency was obtained in Et3N and EtOH. In addition to catalytic investigations, antioxidant activities of all synthesized Schiff bases were examined using DPPH and Iron (Fe2+) chelation methods, and IC50 values were calculated. While many molecules show various amounts of antioxidant activity, especially molecules 8e and 8g showed the best activity compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), which were used as positive controls, in DPPH and Iron chelating methods, respectively.
Continuous culture of Nitrosomonas eutropha and biomethanol production using whole cell biotransformation
Authors: Sabale Tushar , Babu Mohan , Panchwagh Shruti , Ghosalkar Anand 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrosomonas eutropha is a chemolithoautotrophic organism with an ability to oxidize ammonium to nitrite and nitrate. Continuous culture with and without cell recycling was used to enhance production of N. eutropha cell biomass using a 40‐L bioreactor. Whole cell biotransformation was used to convert methane (CH4) present in the biogas into biomethanol using N. eutropha.RESULTSThe maximum biomass production rate of N. eutropha was increased by three‐fold with provision of cell recycling in the continuous culture. Removal of nitrite from the continuous culture resulted in high activity of ammonia monooxygenase enzyme responsible for conversion of CH4 to biomethanol. Use of ammonium sulfate as a source of electrons for biotransformation reaction with N. eutropha resulted in a maximum 119.86 mg L−1 of biomethanol production.CONCLUSIONOur research provides an efficient process for biomass production of N. eutropha using continuous culture. We have demonstrated improvement in CH4 to biomethanol conversion using biogas as feedstock. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Retrospective prediction of the epidemic trend of COVID‐19 in Wuhan at four phases
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Guo Xiaonan , Wang Xiaosheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) began in December 2019 and was basically under control in April 2020 in Wuhan. To explore the impact of intervention measures on the COVID‐19 epidemic, we established susceptible–exposed–infectious–recovered (SEIR) models to predict the epidemic characteristics of COVID‐19 at four different phases (beginning, outbreak, recession, and plateau) from January 1st to March 30th, 2020. We found that the infection rate rapidly grew up to 0.3647 at Phase II from 0.1100 at Phase I and went down to 0.0600 and 0.0006 at Phase III and IV, respectively. The reproduction numbers of COVID‐19 were 10.7843, 13.8144, 1.4815, and 0.0137 at Phase I, II, III, and IV, respectively. These results suggest that intensive interventions, including compulsory home isolation and rapid improvement of medical resources, can effectively reduce the COVID‐19 transmission. Furthermore, the predicted COVID‐19 epidemic trend by our models was close to the actual epidemic trend in Wuhan. Our phase‐based SEIR models demonstrate that intensive intervention measures can effectively control COVID‐19 spread even without specific medicines and vaccines against this disease.
Non‐destructive sugar content assessment of multiple cultivars of melons by dielectric properties
Authors: Liu Dayang , Wang Enfeng , Wang Guanglai , Wang Pan , Wang Congcong , Wang Zhuanwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐destructive determination of the internal quality of fruit with a thick rind and of a large size is always difficult and challenging. To investigate the feasibility of the dielectric spectroscopy technique with respect to determining the sugar content of melons during the postharvest stage, three cultivars of melon samples (160 melons for each cultivar) were used to acquire dielectric spectra over the frequency range 20–4500 MHz. The three cultivars of melons were divided separately into a calibration set and a prediction set in a ratio of 3:1 by a joint x–y distance algorithm. Partial least squares (PLS) and extreme learning machine (ELM) methods were applied to develop individual‐cultivar and multi‐cultivar models based on full frequencies (FFs) and effective dielectric frequencies (EDFs) selected by the successive projection algorithm (SPA).RESULTSThe results showed that ELM models demonstrated a better performance than PLS models for the same input dielectric variables. Most of the models built based on the EDFs selected by SPA had a slightly worse performance compared to those based on FFs. For both PLS and ELM methods, the models for multi‐cultivars demonstrated a worse calibration and prediction performance compared to those for individual cultivars. When individual‐cultivar and multi‐cultivar samples were used to build sugar content determination models, the best model was FFs‐ELM (Rp = 0.887, RMSEP = 0.986), FFs‐ELM (Rp = 0.870, RMSEP = 1.028), FFs‐PLS (Rp = 0.882, RMSEP = 1.010) and FFs‐ELM (Rp = 0.849, RMSEP = 1.085) for ‘Hongyanliang’, ‘Xinzaomi’, ‘Manao’ and multi‐cultivar melons, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe present study indicates that it is possible to develop both individual‐cultivar and multi‐cultivar models for determining the sugar content of melons based on the dielectric spectroscopy technique. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasonographic Subclinical Signs of Inflammation of the Lacrimal, Parotid, and Submandibular Glands in Users of Cosmetic Fillers
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Moll‐Manzur Catherina , Ramírez‐Cornejo Cristian , Alfaro‐Sepúlveda Daniela , Mellado‐Francisco Gonzalo , Rezende Juliana , Vera‐Kellet Cristian 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo detect ultrasonographic inflammatory signs in the lacrimal, parotid, and submandibular glands in cosmetic fillers (CFs) users.MethodsA prospective and cross‐sectional ultrasound study of the glands in cases with CFs was performed. The sample included users of hyaluronic acid, silicone oil, polymethylmethacrylate, polycaprolactone, calcium hydroxyapatite, and polyacrylamide.Abnormalities of the parenchyma and hypervascularity signs of the glands were compared with a control group (n = 10), evaluated by 2 observers, and correlated with the type, number, and location of the facial CFs. Cohen's kappa test and logistic regression models with odds ratios (OR) adjusted by age with 95% CI were performed.ResultsSixty‐three patients with CFs met the criteria. Parotid and submandibular glands had the highest percentage of parenchymal involvement: 87.3 and 88.9%, respectively (p <.01). Abnormalities of the echostructure of the parenchyma and hypervascularity of the glands were detected with all kinds of fillers without significant differences per type. A significant substantial interrater kappa (0.61) with an agreement of 90% for all glands among observers was found.ConclusionUsers of common types of CFs frequently present subclinical ultrasonographic signs of inflammation of the lacrimal, parotid, and submandibular glands. Further research on the topic seems necessary.
Effects of narrow‐band UVB on nasal symptom and upregulation of histamine H1 receptor mRNA in allergic rhinitis model rats
Authors: Kamimura Seiichiro , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Fujii Tatsuya , Okamoto Kentaro , Sanada Nanae , Okajima Natsuki , Wakugawa Tomoharu , Fukui Hiroyuki , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Takeda Noriaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhototherapy with narrow‐band ultraviolet B (narrow‐band UVB) is clinically effective treatment for atopic dermatitis. In the present study, we examined the effects of intranasal irradiation with narrow‐band UVB on nasal symptom, upregulation of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene expression and induction of DNA damage in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis (AR) model rat.MethodsAR model rats were intranasally irradiated with 310 nm of narrow‐band UVB. Nasal mucosal levels of H1R mRNA were measured using real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR. DNA damage was evaluated using cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) immunostaining.ResultsIn toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI)‐sensitized rats, TDI provoked sneezes and H1R gene expression in the nasal mucosa. Intranasal pre‐irradiation with 310 nm narrow‐band UVB at doses of 600 and 1400, but not 200 mJ/cm2 significantly inhibited the number of sneezes and upregulation of H1R gene expression provoked by TDI. CPD‐positive cells appeared in the nasal mucosa after intranasal narrow‐band UVB irradiation at a dose of 1400, but not 200 and 600 mJ/cm2. The suppression of TDI‐provoked sneezes and upregulation of H1R gene expression lasted 24 hours, but not 48 hours, after narrow‐band UVB irradiation with a dose of 600 mJ/cm2.ConclusionsIntranasal pre‐irradiation with narrow‐band UVB dose‐dependently inhibited sneezes and upregulation of H1R gene expression of the nasal mucosa in AR model rats, suggesting that the inhibition of nasal upregulation of H1R gene expression suppressed nasal symptom. The suppression after narrow‐band UVB irradiation at a dose of 600 mJ/cm2 was reversible without induction of DNA damage. These findings indicated that low‐dose narrow‐band UVB phototherapy could be effectively and safely used for AR treatment in a clinical setting.Level of EvidenceNA.
Ring‐Expansion Copolymerization of l‐Lactide and Glycolide
Authors: Weidner Steffen M. , Kricheldorf Hans R. , Scheliga Felix 
Published: January 2021

Abstract1:1 Copolymerizations of glycolide (GL) and l‐lactide (LA) are performed in bulk at 100 C and at 160 C with four cyclic tin catalysts. The resulting copolyesters are characterized by size exclusion chromatography measurements, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. At 160 °C and longer reaction time (22 h), nearly complete conversion of both monomers is achieved, and cyclic copolymers with nearly random sequences are formed. At shorter times (0.5–3.0 h, depending on catalyst) the conversion of LA is incomplete, and only cyclics having even numbers of lactyl units are obtained. At 100 C and 22 h again cycles mainly consisting of even numbered lactyl units are formed, but with even and odd numbers of glycolyl units. Copolymerization of lactide at 160 C with small amounts of GL show that formation of high Tm crystallites (Tm > 190 C) is hindered even when only >2% of GL is added. For polyglycolide containing a smaller amount of lactide complete solubility in hexafluoroisopropanol is only observed around and above 20 mol% of lactide.
The Calderón–Zygmund estimates for a class of nonlinear elliptic equations with measure data
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zheng Shenzhou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study a class of nonlinear elliptic equations involving measure data
where μ is a Radon measure. Under the main assumption of that there exists a constant such that
where for some integrable index , we obtain the Calderón–Zygmund estimates in the Sobolev–Morrey spaces for refined fractional‐order derivatives of distributional solutions depending on α.
Social norms and recognition in social fundraising campaigns: The moderating role of self‐construal
Authors: Minguez Ana , Sese Francisco Javier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeveloping effective solicitation campaigns has become a priority for nonprofit organizations to raise funds. To do so, they have begun to introduce social information and recognition mechanisms in their campaigns to encourage donations, yet our current understanding of the effectiveness of these interventions is limited. This study intends to contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness of these campaigns by investigating the role played by social norms, recognition, and their interplay in charitable giving. In addition, the study also investigates the extent to which these effects are moderated by self‐construal, an important individual psychological trait. This empirical investigation conducted an experimental design between subjects on a sample of 261 participants. A two‐stage correction approach was used to estimate two dependent variables. The effectiveness of social norms and recognition varies depending on the decision in play (whether to donate, or how much to donate) as well as on an individual's self‐construal (independent or interdependent). Strategies that combine several of these mechanisms should take into account their objective, that is, whether it is focused on boosting symbolic support or on incentivizing significant contributions. This article contributes by demonstrating that the type of social norm and the type of recognition matter, as they produce significant different effects on both the donation decision and the donation amount.
Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its performance on the thermal, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Juncheng , Chen Zhiquan , Chen Zhongwei , Ni Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel microcapsule flame retardant microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite (MAHP) was introduced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the shell material on the surface of MAHP. The water contact angle (WCA) experiments show that the WCA of MAHP (71.4°) is significantly larger than that of aluminum hypophosphite (34.4°). And the interfacial free energy between MAHP and epoxy resin (EP) is only 7.89 mJ/m2, which results in good compatibility with EP. The results from differential scanning calorimeter test indicate that the addition of MAHP can improve the heat resistance of EP matrix. Thermogravimetric (TG) tests show that EP/MAHP has the largest amount of residue (32.03 wt%). The combustion behaviors of flame‐retardant EP (FR‐EP) composites were evaluated by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94, and cone calorimetry. The results show that the microencapsulation to AHP in this study can significantly improve the flame retardancy of EP. Thermogravimetric infrared analysis was used to investigate the gas‐phase products. Surface morphology and structure of char residues of EP and FR‐EP was also studied. The carbon layer became quite dense and continuous when MAHP was added. On the premise of improving the flame retardancy, the mechanical properties of the material are retained. The tensile strength and bending strength of EP/MAHP‐3 were 23.98 and 50.75 MPa, respectively.