bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of complementary food powder obtained from upcycling of Greek yogurt acid whey with kodo and proso millets
Authors: Malik Sargun , Krishnaswamy Kiruba , Mustapha Azlin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcid whey from Greek yogurt manufacturing currently lacks an efficient utilization system posing serious environmental problems. Millets are underutilized healthy alkaline grains that can be used for neutralizing acid whey and enabling efficient upcycling. The objective of this study was to characterize the spray‐dried powder of feed containing acid whey, kodo and proso millets. Adding millets to acid whey increased the efficiency of spray‐drying process by increasing the yield. The obtained powder was of free‐flowing character with high water solubility and dispersibility. The constructed matrix was found to have potential to be used as a shelf‐stable complementary food.Practical ApplicationsThe practical application of this paper is to provide solution to the Greek yogurt manufacturing companies to problem of improper handling and disposal of acid whey. Addition of millets to acid whey helps the spray‐drying process to generate high yield resulting in a complementary food matrix. The study was able to prove that acid whey‐millet complimentary food powder that is shelf stable and has a free‐flowing characteristics. The reconstitution properties of formulation were also found to be similar to commercial baby food powder. The produced complementary food can also help in solving the problem of undernutrition because of its potential nutritional health benefiting properties.
Intraoperative hypotension and delirium among older adults undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Wesselink Esther M. , Abawi Masieh , Kooistra Nynke H. M. , Kappen Teus H. , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Emmelot‐Vonk Marielle , Pasma Wietze , van Klei Wilton A. , van Jaarsveld Romy C. , van Dongen Charlotte S. , Doevendans Pieter A. F. M. , Slooter Arjen J. C. , Stella Pieter R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is a frequently observed complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The effects of intraoperative hypotension (IOH) on POD occurrence are currently unclear.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study of patients who underwent TAVR was conducted. We predefined IOH as area under the threshold (AUT) of five mean arterial blood pressures (MBP), varying from <100 to <60 mmHg. The AUT consisted of the combination of duration and depth under the MBP thresholds, expressed in mmHg*min. All MBP AUTs were computed based on the complete procedure, independent of procedural phase or duration.ResultsThis cohort included 675 patients who underwent TAVR under general anesthesia (n = 128, 19%) or procedural sedation (n = 547, 81%). Delirium occurred mostly during the first 2 days after TAVR, and was observed in n = 93 (14%) cases. Furthermore, 674, 672, 663, 630, and 518 patients had at least 1 min intraoperative MBP <100, <90, <80, <70, and <60 mmHg, respectively. Patients who developed POD had higher AUT based on all five MBP thresholds during TAVR. The penalized adjusted odds ratio varied between 1.08 (99% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.56) for the AUT based on MBP < 100 mmHg and OR 1.06 (99% CI 0.88–1.28) for the AUT based on MBP < 60 mmHg.ConclusionsIntraoperative hypotension is frequently observed during TAVR, but not independently associated with POD after TAVR. Other potential factors than intraoperative hypotension may explain the occurrence of delirium after TAVR.
Changes in older adults' life space during lung cancer treatment: A mixed methods cohort study
Authors: Wong Melisa L. , Shi Ying , Smith Alexander K. , Miaskowski Christine , Boscardin W. John , Cohen Harvey Jay , Lam Vivian , Mazor Melissa , Metzger Lia , Presley Carolyn J. , Williams Grant R. , Loh Kah Poh , Ursem Carling J. , Friedlander Terence W. , Blakely Collin M. , Gubens Matthew A. , Allen Gregory , Shumay Dianne , Walter Louise C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance of function during cancer treatment is important to older adults. Characteristics associated with pretreatment life‐space mobility and changes during non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment remain unknown.MethodsThis mixed methods cohort study recruited adults age ≥65 with advanced NSCLC starting palliative chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapy from a Comprehensive Cancer Center, Veterans Affairs, and safety‐net clinic. Patients completed geriatric assessments including Life‐Space Assessment (LSA) pretreatment and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months after treatment initiation. LSA scores range from 0 to 120 (greater mobility); LSA <60 is considered restricted. We used mixed‐effects models to examine pretreatment LSA, change from 0 to 1 month, and change from 1 to 6 months. A subgroup participated in semistructured interviews pretreatment and at 2 and 6 months to understand the patient experience of life‐space change. For each interview participant, we created joint displays of longitudinal LSA scores juxtaposed with illustrative quotes.ResultsAmong 93 patients, median age was 73 (range 65–94). Mean pretreatment LSA score was 67.1. On average, LSA declined 10.1 points from pretreatment to 1 month and remained stable at 6 months. Pretreatment LSA score was associated with several demographic, clinical, geriatric assessment, and symptom characteristics. LSA decline at 1 month was greater among patients with high anxiety (slope = −12.6 vs. −2.3, p = 0.048). Pretreatment body mass index <21 kg/m2 was associated with LSA improvement from 1 to 6 months (slope = 4.1 vs. −0.04, p = 0.003). Joint displays illustrated the impact of different life‐space trajectories on patients' lives in their words.ConclusionOlder adults with NSCLC have low pretreatment life space with many developing restricted life space during treatment. Incorporating life‐space assessments into clinical cancer care may help older adults concretely visualize how treatment might impact their daily function to allow for informed decision making and identify early changes in mobility to implement supportive interventions.
Similarities and differences in the dental tissue proportions of the deciduous and permanent canines of Early and Middle Pleistocene human populations
Authors: García‐Campos Cecilia , Modesto‐Mata Mario , Martinón‐Torres María , Martín‐Francés Laura , Martínez de Pinillos Marina , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Bermúdez de Castro José María 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe two‐ and three‐dimensional assessment of dental tissues has become routine in human taxonomic studies throughout the years. Nonetheless, most of our knowledge of the variability of the enamel and dentine dimensions of the human evolutionary lineage comes from the study of permanent dentition, and particularly from molars. This leads to a biased view of the variability of these features. Due to their early formation and rapid development, the deciduous teeth allow more simplified inferences regarding the processes involved in the dental tissue development of each group. Therefore, their study could be very valuable in dental palaeohistology. In this research, we have explored the dental tissue proportions of the deciduous canines belonging to some human samples of the Early and Middle Pleistocene. The purpose of this was to discuss the meaning of the similarities and differences observed in their histological pattern, as well as to evaluate the degree of covariance with that observed in the permanent dentition of these populations. Our results show that, although there are some similarities in the dental tissue proportions between the deciduous and permanent canines of the study samples, the two dental classes do not provide a similar or comparable pictures of the dental tissue pattern present in the dentition of fossil hominins. Future works on the dental tissue patterns of the anterior and posterior dentition, including deciduous teeth, of fossil samples, may help to shed light on this hypothesis.
Use of traditional therapies in palliative care for Australian First Nations peoples: An integrative review
Authors: Rooney Erin Joanne , Johnson Amanda , Jeong Sarah Yeun‐Sim , Wilson Rhonda L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo conduct an integrative review of the literature to understand how the incorporation of traditional therapies affect First Nations people's utilisation of palliative care services.BackgroundFirst Nations peoples face many barriers related to accessing and utilising specialised health services such as palliative care. Whilst culturally appropriate care has been shown to improve these outcomes, there is little evidence regarding how this may be achieved.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using electronic databases CINAHL, Joanna Briggs, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect InformitHealth and ProQuest between the years of 20052021 databases were searched for papers with full text available and published in English. Papers were included if they were primary‐based research and focused on the topics of the use of traditional therapies in a palliative care context by First Nations persons. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme principles were used to assess the methodological quality of the selected articles.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The review included six qualitative studies and one quantitative study. From these studies, five themes were identified in the literature: supporting a holistic approach, developing culturally appropriate care, conflict within a Western medical model, regulatory issues, and geographical barriers.ConclusionThere is a dearth of current literature available discussing the utilization of traditional therapies in palliative care. From the literature analysed, the benefits of including traditional therapies are overall positive, however, there are barriers including conflict with the Western model of medicine and regulation. More research is required in the provision of traditional therapies in palliative care.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe incorporation of traditional medicines within a palliative care setting could help nurses provide holistic and culturally appropriate care, especially in rural and remote areas where they make up the majority of the healthcare force.
Multistate health transition modeling using neural networks
Authors: Wang Qiqi , Hanewald Katja , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a new model that combines a neural network with a generalized linear model (GLM) to estimate and predict health transition intensities. We introduce neural networks to health transition modeling to incorporate socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and to allow for linear and nonlinear links between these variables. We use transfer learning to link the models for different health transitions and improve the model estimation for health transitions with limited data. We apply the model to individual‐level data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018. The results show that our model performs better in estimation and prediction than standalone GLM and neural network models. We provide new estimates of the life expectancies for a range of population subgroups. We also describe a wide range of possible applications for further health‐related research, including risk prediction using health claim data and mortality prediction based on individual‐level mortality data.
The Impact of Changes in Physical Education Class Enrollment on Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity Among a Large Sample of Canadian Youth
Authors: Barratt Jaime , Patte Karen A. , Battista Kate , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFew youth engage in sufficient daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and the likelihood of meeting guidelines declines through secondary school. Physical education (PE) can afford youth with opportunities for MVPA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of changes in PE enrollment on MVPA and MVPA guideline adherence in Ontario and Alberta secondary students.METHODSLinked survey data was used from 1514 students who participated in year 3 (2014/2015 baseline) and year 6 (2017/2018 follow‐up) of the COMPASS Study. Regression models tested whether changes in PE enrollment predicted changes in self‐reported MVPA (minutes) and MVPA guideline adherence from grade 9 (baseline) to grade 12 (follow‐up), controlling for sports participation and sociodemographic variables.RESULTSStudents who remained enrolled in PE in grade 12 reported a daily average of 30 minutes more MVPA. Among students meeting MVPA guidelines and enrolled in PE in grade 9, students not taking PE in the current term in grade 12 were less likely to continue to meet guidelines than students currently enrolled in PE (adjusted odds ratio 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.36, 0.78; p < .0013).CONCLUSIONSFindings from this study could inform the future implementation of a mandatory PE credit for upper year secondary students.
Density‐dependence and seasonal variation in reproductive output and sporophyte production in the kelp, Ecklonia radiata
Authors: Tatsumi Masayuki , Mabin Christopher J. T. , Layton Cayne , Shelamoff Victor , Cameron Matthew J. , Johnson Craig R. , Wright Jeffrey T. 
Published: October 2021

The kelp, Ecklonia radiata, is an abundant subtidal ecosystem engineer in southern Australia. Density‐dependent changes in the abiotic environment engineered by Ecklonia may feedback to affect reproduction and subsequent recruitment. Here, we examined: 1) how the reproductive capacity of Ecklonia individuals in the field (zoospores released · mm−2 reproductive tissue) varied with adult density and time, and 2) how the recruitment of microscopic gametophytes and sporophytes was influenced by zoospore density at two times. Zoospore production did not vary with adult density, with only one month out of ten sampled over a 2‐y period showing a significant effect of density. However, zoospore production varied hugely over time, being generally highest in mid‐autumn and lowest in mid‐late summer. There were strong effects of initial zoospore density on gametophyte and sporophyte recruitment with both a minimum and an optimum zoospore density for sporophyte recruitment, but these varied in time. Almost no sporophytes developed when initial zoospore density was <6.5 · mm−2 in spring or <0.5 · mm−2 in winter with optimum densities of 90‐355 · mm−2 in spring and 21‐261 · mm−2 in winter, which resulted in relatively high recruitment of 4‐7 sporophytes · mm−2. Sporophyte recruitment declined at initial zoospore densities >335 · mm−2 in spring and >261 · mm−2 in winter and was zero at very high zoospore densities. These findings suggest that although adult Ecklonia density does not affect per‐capita zoospore production, because there is a minimum zoospore density for sporophyte production, a decline in population‐level output could feedback to impact recruitment.
Determination of colistin in luminal and parietal intestinal matrices of chicken by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Mead Andrew , Gillard Nathalie , Robert Christelle , Pierret Gilles , Henrottin Jean , Richez Pascal , Pelligand Ludovic 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJustification for continued use of colistin in veterinary medicine, for example medicated water, relies on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies that require accurate measurement of colistin content in the digestive tract. A method for the detection and quantification of colistin in poultry intestinal material was developed and validated. Colistin is not absorbed after oral administration, and the biophase is the gastrointestinal tract. Extraction of colistin from the matrix was achieved using solid‐phase extraction with a methanol:water (1:2; v/v) solution. Polymyxin B was used as an internal standard. Colistin A and colistin B, the main components of colistin, were separated, detected and measured using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS). The method was validated for linearity/quadraticity between 1.1 (LOQ) and 56.7 mg/kg. Mean accuracy was between 82.7% and 107.7% with inter‐ and intra‐day precision lower than 13.3% and 15% respectively. Freeze–thaw, long‐term and bench storage were validated. Incurred samples following colistin treatment in poultry at the approved clinical dose of 75,000 IU/kg in drinking water and oral gavage were quantifiable and in line with expected intestinal transit times. The method is considered appropriately accurate and precise for the purposes of pharmacokinetic analysis in the gastrointestinal tract.
Labor market effects of COVID‐19 in Sweden and its neighbors: Evidence from administrative data
Authors: Juranek Steffen , Paetzold Jörg , Winner Hannes , Zoutman Floris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the labor market effects of non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic. We focus on the Nordic countries which showed one of the highest variations in NPIs despite having similar community spread of COVID‐19 at the onset of the pandemic: While Denmark, Finland and Norway imposed strict measures (‘lockdowns’), Sweden decided for much lighter restrictions. Empirically, we use novel administrative data on weekly new unemployment and furlough spells from all 56 regions of the Nordic countries to compare the labor market outcomes of Sweden with the ones of its neighbors. Our evidence suggests that the labor markets of all countries were severely hit by the pandemic, although Sweden performed slightly better than its neighbors. Specifically, we find the worsening of the Swedish labor market to occur around 2 to 3 weeks later than in the other Nordic countries, and that its cumulative sum of new unemployment and furlough spells remained significantly lower (about 20–25%) during the time period of our study (up to week 21 of 2020).
Rates of decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in AMA‐negative primary biliary cholangitis cirrhosis
Authors: John Binu V. , Dahman Bassam , Deng Yangyang , Khakoo Nidah S. , Taddei Tamar H. , Kaplan David E. , Levy Cynthia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe natural history of patients with anti‐mitochondrial antibody (AMA)‐negative Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) cirrhosis has not been well defined, with prior studies showing discordant results. Furthermore, most studies of AMA‐negative PBC have limited numbers of patients with cirrhosis and liver‐related outcomes.MethodsWe investigated the association of AMA‐negative PBC and the development of death, liver‐related death, decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in a large cohort of predominantly male patients with PBC cirrhosis assembled from the Veterans Health Administration.ResultsIn a cohort of 521 patients with PBC cirrhosis (65 AMA‐negative) with a total follow‐up of 2504.3 person‐years (PY) from cirrhosis diagnosis, patients with AMA‐negative PBC were younger and more likely to be black but had similar rates of UDCA response. AMA‐negative PBC cirrhosis was associated with similar unadjusted rates of liver‐related death (4.6 vs 5.9 per 100 PY, P = .44), overall death (7.7 vs 9.6 per 100 PY, P = .31), decompensation (7.3 vs 5.1 per 100 PY, P = .12) and HCC (0.6 vs 1.0 per 100 PY, P = .63) to AMA‐positive PBC. After adjusting for confounders, AMA‐negative PBC cirrhosis was associated with similar rates of liver‐related death (sub‐Hazard Ratio [sHR] 1.27, 95% CI 0.71‐2.28, P = .42, death [sHR] 1.24, 95% CI 0.81‐1.90, P = .32), decompensation (sHR 1.05, 95% CI 0.56‐1.98, P = .87) and HCC (sHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.11‐2.10, P = .33) to AMA‐positive patients.ConclusionIn a cohort of predominantly male patients, AMA‐negative PBC cirrhosis was associated with similar rates of overall or liver‐related death, HCC or decompensation compared with AMA‐positive disease.
Host genetic factors associated with the range limit of a European hantavirus
Authors: Saxenhofer Moritz , Labutin Anton , White Thomas A. , Heckel Gerald 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe natural host ranges of many viruses are restricted to very specific taxa. Little is known about the molecular barriers between species that lead to the establishment of this restriction or generally prevent virus emergence in new hosts. Here, we identify genomic polymorphisms in a natural rodent host associated with a strong genetic barrier to the transmission of European Tula orthohantavirus (TULV). We analysed the very abrupt spatial transition between two major phylogenetic clades in TULV across the comparatively much wider natural hybrid zone between evolutionary lineages of their reservoir host, the common vole (Microtus arvalis). Genomic scans of 79,225 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 323 TULV‐infected host individuals detected 30 SNPs that were consistently associated with the TULV clades CEN.S or EST.S in two replicate sampling transects. Focusing the analysis on 199 voles with evidence of genomic admixture at the individual level (0.1–0.9) supported statistical significance for all 30 loci. Host genomic variation at these SNPs explained up to 37.6% of clade‐specific TULV infections. Genes in the vicinity of associated SNPs include SAHH, ITCH and two members of the Syngr gene family, which are involved in functions related to immune response or membrane transport. This study demonstrates the relevance of natural hybrid zones as systems not only for studying processes of evolutionary divergence and speciation, but also for the detection of evolving genetic barriers for specialized parasites.
Host‐pathogen‐environment interactions predict survival outcomes of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) released from fisheries
Authors: Teffer Amy K. , Hinch Scott G. , Miller Kristina M. , Patterson David. A. , Bass Arthur L. , Cooke Steven J. , Farrell Anthony P. , Beacham Terry D. , Chapman Jacqueline M. , Juanes Francis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncorporating host‐pathogen(s)‐environment axes into management and conservation planning is critical to preserving species in a warming climate. However, the role pathogens play in host stress resilience remains largely unexplored in wild animal populations. We experimentally characterized how independent and cumulative stressors (fisheries handling, high water temperature) and natural infections affected the health and longevity of released wild adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in British Columbia, Canada. Returning adults were collected before and after entering the Fraser River, yielding marine‐ and river‐collected groups, respectively (N = 185). Fish were exposed to a mild (seine) or severe (gill net) fishery treatment at collection, and then held in flow‐through freshwater tanks for up to four weeks at historical (14°C) or projected migration temperatures (18°C). Using weekly nonlethal gill biopsies and high‐throughput qPCR, we quantified loads of up to 46 pathogens with host stress and immune gene expression. Marine‐collected fish had less severe infections than river‐collected fish, a short migration distance (100 km, 5–7 days) that produced profound infection differences. At 14°C, river‐collected fish survived 1–2 weeks less than marine‐collected fish. All fish held at 18°C died within 4 weeks unless they experienced minimal handling. Gene expression correlated with infections in river‐collected fish, while marine‐collected fish were more stressor‐responsive. Cumulative stressors were detrimental regardless of infections or collection location, probably due to extreme physiological disturbance. Because river‐derived infections correlated with single stressor responses, river entry probably decreases stressor resilience of adult salmon by altering both physiology and pathogen burdens, which redirect host responses toward disease resistance.