bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on duration, age and migration of the feeder systems of the Madagascan Flood Basalt Province from high-precision
40
Ar/
39
Ar chronology
Authors: Cucciniello Ciro , Morra Vincenzo , Melluso Leone , Jourdan Fred 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The Late Cretaceous magmatism in Madagascar is correlated with the break-up between Madagascar and Greater India, with a presumed track of a hotspot from Madagascar towards the Marion Island and with an anoxic event in the Late Cretaceous. The lava succession and associated dyke swarms and sills of western Madagascar (Mailaka area) represent a volumetrically important area of the igneous province, where dykes with random orientation, several igneous intrusions and a flood basalt to rhyodacite sequence do occur. The magmas have a tholeiitic and weakly alkaline affinity. Using plagioclase separates, we obtained two plateau
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages, and an inverse isochron age statistically indistinguishable, ranging from 92.9 ± 3.8 to 91.2 ± 1.3 Ma (2
σ
). These ages indicate that tholeiitic and alkaline rocks were erupted in the same age span. In addition, these ages are close to the Cenomanian–Turonian (C–T; 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma) boundary and are indistinguishable from the U–Pb ages available for the capping rhyodacitic unit of the Mailaka lava succession. A filtered compilation of eight ages for northern and central-western Madagascar rocks suggests a duration for the magmatic activity in this part of Madagascar province of the order of
c.
3 Ma. If the western Madagascar magmatism is plume related, the plume head would need to have been located near the Mailaka area at
c.
93 Ma. The geochemistry of the mafic lavas and dykes of western Madagascar is barely distinguishable from mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), with an increasing crustal contamination towards the evolved rocks, and does not constrain input of typical components derived by plume magmatism.
Mechanisms of exercise as a preventative measure to muscle wasting
Authors: Graham Zachary A. , Lavin Kaleen M. , O’Bryan Samia M. , Thalacker-Mercer Anna E. , Buford Thomas W. , Ford Kenneth M. , Broderick Timothy J. , Bamman Marcas M. 
Published: May 2021

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in healthy individuals and it has important roles in health beyond voluntary movement. The overall mass and energy requirements of skeletal muscle require it to be metabolically active and flexible to multiple energy substrates. The tissue has evolved to be largely load dependent and it readily adapts in a number of positive ways to repetitive overload, such as various forms of exercise training. However, unloading from extended bed rest and/or metabolic derangements in response to trauma, acute illness, or severe pathology, commonly results in rapid muscle wasting. Decline in muscle mass contributes to multimorbidity, reduces function, and exerts a substantial, negative impact on the quality of life. The principal mechanisms controlling muscle mass have been well described and these cellular processes are intricately regulated by exercise. Accordingly, exercise has shown great promise and efficacy in preventing or slowing muscle wasting through changes in molecular physiology, organelle function, cell signaling pathways, and epigenetic regulation. In this review, we focus on the role of exercise in altering the molecular landscape of skeletal muscle in a manner that improves or maintains its health and function in the presence of unloading or disease. epigenetics; exercise; muscle wasting; resistance training; skeletal muscle
Research Note: An Investigation of Cybercrime Victims’ Reporting Behavior
Authors: De Kimpe Lies , Walrave Michel , Snaphaan Thom , Pauwels Lieven , Hardyns Wim , Ponnet Koen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Even though the dark number is especially high for cybercrimes, it is unclear by whom and to whom cybercrime is reported. Therefore, this study will answer the following questions: (1) who reports cybercrime incidents, and (2) to whom do victims report cybercrime? Analyses based on survey data including 334 recent cybercrime victims, indicate that 73.4% of victims do not report the incident. Cybercrime victims who do report are significantly older. In addition, 40.4% of the reporting victims notified the police, while others contacted a wide diversity of organizations. Based on these results, awareness raising campaigns should especially encourage young victims to report cybercrime incidents to the police. It would moreover be useful to appoint and promote a more centralized reporting channel.
The State of Animal-Assisted Interventions: COVID-19 Safety Protocols and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Meers Lieve Lucia , Contalbrigo Laura , Stevens Vicky Antoinette , Ulitina Oksana Michailovna , Laufer Stephan Jens , Samuels William Ellery 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) share specific characteristics, their differences can be quite significant (Lajoie, 2003). Most research on AAIs focuses on the human side (Muñoz Lasa et al., 2011). The autonomy and well-being of the animals involved are seldom studied, as well as the possible values of conflict between humans and animals (Glenk, 2017). The COVID-19 pandemic that gripped the world starting in 2019–2020, greatly affected human-animal interaction projects, such as animal-assisted interventions (Kumar et al., 2020). To control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, several (inter)national organisations, came up with new safety protocols. We focus on scientific insights and anecdotal observations, as well as the ethical implications of the COVID-19 safety protocols on AAIs in Belgium and Italy. The paper aims to give the reader an insight into the complexity of AAIs and its future relevance for developing protocols to handle the current and maybe future pandemics.
The National and the Popular
Authors: Peña Richard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The national and the popular have been an intertwined and ever-thorny topic of the relationship in cinema. So what is “national cinema?” How can national character be expressed in the cinema? When looking at, for example, the history of Brazilian cinema critics rarely felt the need to the question of what constituted a “Brazilian” film; perhaps, it seemed obvious, not worth discussing. As in so many cultures in Asia, Africa and Latin America, the cinema began as something imported for many decades, something brought to the country by foreigners. Turkey also has its own problematic relationship to colonialism: the encounter with the West is not the imposition of something external, but the liberation of something that was always internal. In Chinese culture, the cinema itself was seen as a modernizing element with far less historical baggage than any of the traditional artistic disciplines.
The term popular, as in popular cinema, has its true force, perhaps, in its blurred contours and cultural contradictions; in the supposed opposition of two paradigms, one based on the market, the other drawn from anthropology. One can define the popular simply by focusing on the commercial success of individual works or by studying those things that claim for themselves or are claimed to be expressions of the thoughts, values and the feelings of the “people,” however defined. Many of the formulations of popular cinema, however construed, often imagine it as a kind of alternative practice to some kind of other, official or better produced cinema—popular cinema as oppositional cinema. The films offered a free zone, a space in which “official” or promoted values could be questioned or even refused. Yet in the end, they truly do not dislodge that imposed modernization; instead, they offer examples of how one can accommodate oneself to it.
World Cinema in a Global Frame
Authors: Jeong Seung-hoon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The “world” in film studies has been the “other” of the world’s empire, with Hollywood taking American exceptionalism. It unfolds as the stage of identity politics representing all the rest of the world as postcolonial, peripheral, or merely different than Hollywood. However, this “political” model becomes challengeable as the world’s ongoing homogenization blurs old boundaries while causing “ethical” deadlocks such as the vicious interlocking between (neo)liberal multiculturalism and fundamentalist terrorism. The notions of subjectivity and society also undergo new crises and changes permeating the entire world beyond the established national or transnational frames of the world. Against this backdrop, world cinema can be reframed not for a world tour of territorialized national cinemas or transnational deterritorialization but a critical remapping of many contemporary films reflecting global phenomena even in localized narrative space. Locality functions here less as the basis of identity, referring to a unique reality that both resists and requires the center’s endorsement, than as a contingent springboard for addressing the concrete universality of the world system, including the center. This approach brings a global frame of world cinema.
Atmospheric Circumglobal Teleconnection Triggered by Spring Land Thermal Anomalies Over West Asia and Its Possible Impacts on Early Summer Climate Over Northern China
Authors: Yang Jingqiu , Chen Haishan , Song Yidi , Zhu Siguang , Zhou Botao , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEurasian continent experienced significant warming during the past decades. West Asia locates in arid/semi-arid zone and its warming amplification has drawn lots of attention. However, the climatic effect of such a warming is not clear yet. In this study, we explored the possible impacts of recent land surface warming over West Asia on the atmospheric general circulation and climate. Results show that abnormal spring land surface warming over West Asia tends to increase precipitation over North China but decrease (increase) precipitation (air temperature) over Northeast China in early summer (June). It is noted that the precipitation anomalies are much stronger over the eastern region of North/Northeast China. Further analysis suggests abnormal spring land surface warming can trigger eastward-propagating disturbance via diabatic heating, which benefits intensified the atmospheric circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern, causing anomalous circulation and climate in early summer over northern China. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that abnormal spring land surface warming can increase the atmospheric baroclinic instability and trigger Rossby waves that propagate along the westerly jet stream (WJS), resulting in the formation of CGT. Due to persistent land surface thermal forcing and the interaction between the basic flow (especially WJS) and CGT, the CGT tends to be intensified. The anomalous wave center over East Asia in early summer is responsible for the precipitation increases (decreases) over North (Northeast) China and the evident warming in Northeast China. Our results suggest that the spring land surface thermal anomalies over West Asia can be a potential signal for short-term prediction of early summer climate over northern China.
Ensemble Kalman Filter Updates Based on Regularized Sparse Inverse Cholesky Factors
Authors: Boyles Will , Katzfuss Matthias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular technique for data assimilation in high-dimensional nonlinear state-space models. The EnKF represents distributions of interest by an ensemble, which is a form of dimension reduction that enables straightforward forecasting even for complicated and expensive evolution operators. However, the EnKF update step involves estimation of the forecast covariance matrix based on the (often small) ensemble, which requires regularization. Many existing regularization techniques rely on spatial localization, which may ignore long-range dependence. Instead, our proposed approach assumes a sparse Cholesky factor of the inverse covariance matrix, and the nonzero Cholesky entries are further regularized. The resulting method is highly flexible and computationally scalable. In our numerical experiments, our approach was more accurate and less sensitive to misspecification of tuning parameters than tapering-based localization.
GADD45g acts as a novel tumor suppressor, and its activation suggests new combination regimens for the treatment of AML
Authors: Guo Dan , Zhao Yangyang , Wang Nan , You Na , Zhu Wenqi , Zhang Peiwen , Ren Qian , Yin Jing , Cheng Tao , Ma Xiaotong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy for which there is an unmet need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we characterize the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene gamma (GADD45g) as a novel tumor suppressor in AML. We show that GADD45g is preferentially silenced in AML, especially in AML with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3–internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations and mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearrangements, and reduced expression of GADD45g is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with AML. Upregulation of GADD45g impairs homologous recombination DNA repair, leading to DNA damage accumulation, and dramatically induces apoptosis, differentiation, and growth arrest and increases sensitivity of AML cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, without affecting normal cells. In addition, GADD45g is epigenetically silenced by histone deacetylation in AML, and its expression is further downregulated by oncogenes FLT3-ITD and MLL-AF9 in patients carrying these genetic abnormalities. Combination of the histone deacetylase 1/2 inhibitor romidepsin with the FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor AC220 or the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 exerts synergistic antileukemic effects on FLT3-ITD+ and MLL-AF9+ AML, respectively, by dually activating GADD45g. These findings uncover hitherto unreported evidence for the selective antileukemic role of GADD45g and provide novel strategies for the treatment of FLT3-ITD+ and MLL-AF9+ AML.
A PSGL-1 glycomimetic reduces thrombus burden without affecting hemostasis
Authors: Wong Daniel J. , Park Diane D. , Park Simon S. , Haller Carolyn A. , Chen Jiaxuan , Dai Erbin , Liu Liying , Mandhapati Appi R. , Eradi Pradheep , Dhakal Bibek , Wever Walter J. , Hanes Melinda , Sun Lijun , Cummings Richard D. , Chaikof Elliot L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Events mediated by the P-selectin/PSGL-1 pathway play a critical role in the initiation and propagation of venous thrombosis by facilitating the accumulation of leukocytes and platelets within the growing thrombus. Activated platelets and endothelium express P-selectin, which binds P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) that is expressed on the surface of all leukocytes. We developed a pegylated glycomimetic of the N terminus of PSGL-1, PEG40-GSnP-6 (P-G6), which proved to be a highly potent P-selectin inhibitor with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for clinical translation. P-G6 inhibits human and mouse platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregation in vitro and blocks microcirculatory platelet-leukocyte interactions in vivo. Administration of P-G6 reduces thrombus formation in a nonocclusive model of deep vein thrombosis with a commensurate reduction in leukocyte accumulation, but without disruption of hemostasis. P-G6 potently inhibits the P-selectin/PSGL-1 pathway and represents a promising drug candidate for the prevention of venous thrombosis without increased bleeding risk.
A flow cytometric assay to detect platelet-activating antibodies in VITT after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination
Authors: Handtke Stefan , Wolff Martina , Zaninetti Carlo , Wesche Jan , Schönborn Linda , Aurich Konstanze , Ulm Lena , Hübner Nils-Olaf , Becker Karsten , Thiele Thomas , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Vaccination is crucial in combatting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. The rare complication of thrombocytopenia and thrombotic complications at unusual sites after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination is caused by platelet-activating antibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4). We present a widely applicable whole-blood standard flow cytometric assay to identify the pathogenic antibodies associated with vaccine-induced immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. This assay will enable rapid diagnosis by many laboratories. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04370119.
DeepNetBim: deep learning model for predicting HLA-epitope interactions based on network analysis by harnessing binding and immunogenicity information
Authors: Yang Xiaoyun , Zhao Liyuan , Wei Fang , Li Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpitope prediction is a useful approach in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Many computational methods, including machine learning and network analysis, have been developed quickly for such purposes. However, regarding clinical applications, the existing tools are insufficient because few of the predicted binding molecules are immunogenic. Hence, to develop more potent and effective vaccines, it is important to understand binding and immunogenic potential. Here, we observed that the interactive association constituted by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-peptide pairs can be regarded as a network in which each HLA and peptide is taken as a node. We speculated whether this network could detect the essential interactive propensities embedded in HLA-peptide pairs. Thus, we developed a network-based deep learning method called DeepNetBim by harnessing binding and immunogenic information to predict HLA-peptide interactions.ResultsQuantitative class I HLA-peptide binding data and qualitative immunogenic data (including data generated from T cell activation assays, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding assays and MHC ligand elution assays) were retrieved from the Immune Epitope Database database. The weighted HLA-peptide binding network and immunogenic network were integrated into a network-based deep learning algorithm constituted by a convolutional neural network and an attention mechanism. The results showed that the integration of network centrality metrics increased the power of both binding and immunogenicity predictions, while the new model significantly outperformed those that did not include network features and those with shuffled networks. Applied on benchmark and independent datasets, DeepNetBim achieved an AUC score of 93.74% in HLA-peptide binding prediction, outperforming 11 state-of-the-art relevant models. Furthermore, the performance enhancement of the combined model, which filtered out negative immunogenic predictions, was confirmed on neoantigen identification by an increase in both positive predictive value (PPV) and the proportion of neoantigen recognition.ConclusionsWe developed a network-based deep learning method called DeepNetBim as a pan-specific epitope prediction tool. It extracted the attributes of the network as new features from HLA-peptide binding and immunogenic models. We observed that not only did DeepNetBim binding model outperform other updated methods but the combination of our two models showed better performance. This indicates further applications in clinical practice.
Transcriptional profile of oil palm pathogen, Ganoderma boninense, reveals activation of lignin degradation machinery and possible evasion of host immune response
Authors: Dhillon Braham , Hamelin Richard C. , Rollins Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The white-rot fungi in the genus Ganoderma interact with both living and dead angiosperm tree hosts. Two Ganoderma species, a North American taxon, G. zonatum and an Asian taxon, G. boninense, have primarily been found associated with live palm hosts. During the host plant colonization process, a massive transcriptional reorganization helps the fungus evade the host immune response and utilize plant cell wall polysaccharides.

Results
A publicly available transcriptome of G. boninense - oil palm interaction was surveyed to profile transcripts that were differentially expressed in planta. Ten percent of the G. boninense transcript loci had altered expression as it colonized oil palm plants one-month post inoculation. Carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), particularly those with a role in lignin degradation, and auxiliary enzymes that facilitate lignin modification, like cytochrome P450s and haloacid dehalogenases, were up-regulated in planta. Several lineage specific proteins and secreted proteins that lack known functional domains were also up-regulated in planta, but their role in the interaction could not be established. A slowdown in G. boninense respiration during the interaction can be inferred from the down-regulation of proteins involved in electron transport chain and mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, pathogenicity related genes and chitin degradation machinery were down-regulated during the interaction indicating G. boninense may be evading detection by the host immune system.

Conclusions
This analysis offers an overview of the dynamic processes at play in G. boninense - oil palm interaction and provides a framework to investigate biology of Ganoderma fungi across plantations and landscape.
Deviations in the gut microbiota of neonates affected by maternal group B Streptococcus colonization
Authors: Li Yue-feng , Gong Xue-lei , Chen Su-xiang , Wang Kejian , Jiang Yan-hua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is the leading cause of septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia in neonates. Aberrant gut colonization in early life may predispose children to various diseases in adulthood. However, the associations between gut microbial changes and GBS colonization is still unclear.

Results
The composition and diversity of meconium microbiota in GBS group were similar to that of healthy controls. However, we identified several specific taxa that were differentially abundant between the two groups (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe): p < 0.05, LDA > 2.0). Particularly, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus paracasei was significantly reduced, indicating a role in GBS colonization.

Conclusions
Our study presented a series of bacterial species colonized by GBS, thus providing novel evidence in support of initial intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the neonates with mother’s GBS colonization.