bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD investigation of a combined biomass furnace and solar drying system for paver blocks
Authors: Atienza A H , Adorador L A , Hernandez J A , Vinagrera F J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paver blocks have been widely used as concrete materials for exterior flooring. The process of producing paver blocks consumes a lot of time as the drying period takes at least eleven days. This paper had aimed to design a drying mechanism, a combined biomass furnace and solar collector drying system for paver blocks. and simulate the flow of the system through computational fluid dynamic analysis using SolidWorks Flow Simulation (SWFS) 2018. Desired results had been achieved as temperature, pressure, and velocity fields generated by simulation were accounted to observe fluid distribution in the drying system using contour plots. The temperature in the chamber had increased and uniformly distributed as the heat inputs from the two heat sources converged in the drying chamber. It was observed that the pressure varied from 101,331.72 Pa to 101,327.83 Pa with the highest temperature peaking at 600K and velocity was 1.5 m/s. The theoretical heat produced in the solar collector, biomass furnace and combine system were 191.70 W, 1290.66 W and 1482.36 W, respectively.
Classifying maturity of cherry tomatoes using Deep Transfer Learning techniques
Authors: Huynh Danh Phuoc , Vo My Van , Dang Nghin Van , Truong Tri Quoc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research studies a method to classify the tomatoes’ maturity by using deep transfer learning techniques. We carry out sorting systems adopting three pre-trained convolutional neural networks of VGG16, VGG19, and ResNet101. The experimental results show that the VGG19 model obtains a high precision on both the train set and the test set.
Decision tree analysis of commuter mode choice in Baguio City, Philippines
Authors: Gue I H V , Soliman J , De Guzman M , Cabredo R , Fillone A , Lopez N S , Biona J B M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Transportation is a multidisciplinary system. Solving its issues would require the knowledge of social, economic, engineering, environmental, and technological disciplines. Emerging techniques used in problem-solving involve the use of machine learning techniques. In this study, a machine learning technique, decision tree, is used for mode choice analysis in Baguio City, Philippines. Using data from a household survey, the developed model uncovers the most significant factors affecting mode choice of residents in the city. The results highlight the role of income, which is related to the individuals’ career level and stage in life. Interestingly, a mid-level income group seems to be highly inclined towards private vehicle use. To conclude, the authors note that the primary advantage of a decision tree is its simplicity and straightforward results interpretation, which is paramount in policymaking. For future work, the authors recommend exploring larger decision tree models for mode choice and conducting a validation interview of the insights obtained from the study.
Design, fabrication and testing of a portable gravity generator as a back-up power source.
Authors: Agustin R. , Alonzo C , Ami K , Brual J M , Viray D N , Maglaya A , Fernando A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study a prototype small scale gravity driven generator was designed, tested, and evaluated. The prototype was designed using readily available components. It uses a chain sprocket system and a 24V DC generator. This study might help the needs for a new sustainable energy source, a gravity driven device that harness energy from a falling mass might provide an alternative solution for an increasing energy demand and supply electricity to remote areas.
Fuzzy-based automated nutrient solution control for a hydroponic tower system
Authors: Dela Vega J A , Gonzaga J A , Gan Lim L A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydroponic farming is gaining significant interests in the field of agriculture due to its many advantages. Its design is modular thereby allowing it to be installed in limited spaces and urban applications. Also, the trend of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is now prevalent in the study of hydroponics. This ensures that hydroponic setups are invulnerable to plant diseases, infestations, and variable weather systems. One of the challenges in its operation, however, is in the efficient and accurate maintenance of the nutrient solution. Sudden changes in the growth parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH level negatively impact the growth of hydroponic plants. Several studies have proposed systems which can control the distribution of the nutrient solution and maintain the optimal levels of growth parameters. This paper discusses a proposed control framework for nutrient solution management in a hydroponic system. Moreover, this system is based on fuzzy logic and designed for the adjustment of the pH level and electrical conductivity (EC) of the mixture. Additionally, the complexities in the process and maintenance of the system were made simple to facilitate easy adaptation and familiarization that even non-educated growers can easily acclimate to the proposed system. Also, dedicated sensor modules were used for monitoring the growth environment. Four treatment solutions were administered using dosing pumps to correct parameter values that went beyond the desired setpoint ranges. This system is applied on a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic tower farm to assess its performance on an actual physical setting.
Numerical analysis on the influence of process parameters on the deep drawn product by using Taguchi method
Authors: Win Nay Chi Than , Myint Phyo Wai , Nandar Wutyee 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deep drawing is a metal forming process that involves complex metal flow and widely used in various manufacturing. The process parameters such as punch corner radius and die corner radius affect the product quality. The punch velocity is also important to obtain the desired product shape. However, it is rare to observe the combination of process parameters effects such as punch and di corner radii and punch speed. In this study, the influences of punch corner radius, die corner radius, and punch speed on deep drawn formability and defect formation are analysed. Taguchi Method is applied to build the design of simulations, and the axisymmetric model is used to simulate with Finite Element Analysis-based ABAQUS software. The results showed that the punch corner radius and die corner radius mainly affect stress and strain distribution and the punch velocity affect the formability of the product and the production time.
Plant growth chamber with integrated air conditioning system, periodic irrigation, and adjustable photosynthetic light wavelength
Authors: Atienza A H , Cervantes R T , Dionisio J A , Tan T A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increase in the average temperature due to climate change affects the crop yield production and it can lead to food insecurity. Rapid breeding helps increase crop yield production and improve the overall crop quality. The researchers designed a plant growth chamber with integrated air conditioning system, periodic irrigation, and adjustable photosynthetic light wavelength. The growth rate of the representative plant, green span lettuce, grown in the plant growth chamber is compared to conventional planting. Factors such as growth period rate, dry weight, and overall produce quality are considered. It was found that implementing a 24-hour photoperiod, drip irrigating 50 mL per plant every 2 days, adding vermicast to the cocopeat at a ratio of 1:1 and maintaining a temperature range of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius produced a higher relative growth rate. In consideration of additive nutrients, the addition of vermicast added a substantial increase in the relative growth rate. Quality was also improved due to the correlation of the relative growth rate and plant quality.
Gravimetric and data analysis of the corrosion resistance behaviour and inhibition of C26000 brass in dilute HNO3solution
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Loto Cleophas , Ohwofasa Oshogbunu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe corrosion resistance of as-received and heat treated C26000 brass (annealed and quenched) was evaluated by gravimetric analysis in 0.5 M, 1 M, 1.5 M, 2 M, 2.5 M, 3 M and 3.5 M HNO3solution. Generally, corrosion rate of C26000 increased with increase in HNO3concentration and varies significantly with respect to observation time. Results showed that heat treatment has no influence on the corrosion resistance of the brass heat treated brass compared to the as-received sample. Application of garlic extracts in HNO3solution at 0.5 M significantly decreased the corrosion rate of C26000 60% concentration with inhibition value of 79.46%. The garlic extract exhibited significant concentration dependent behaviour and its inhibition performance varies with observation time. Statistical evaluation showed the standard deviation values of as-received and heat treated C26000 varied with respect to mean inhibition data. However, variation increased with HNO3concentration due to thermodynamic instability with respect to observation time. In the presence of the garlic extracts, the high standard deviation values at the lowest and highest garlic concentration signify significant variation with observation time and thermodynamic instability. Evaluation through analysis of variance shows HNO3concentration and observation are statistically irrelevant to the corrosion rate output of as-received and heat treated C26000. In the presence of garlic extracts only the extract concentration is statistically relevant with value of 90.52%.
Seismic Analysis of Concrete Arch Dam Considering Material Failure Criterion
Authors: Baghban Mohammad Hajmohammadian , Faridmehr Iman , Goldaran Reza , Amoly Roozbeh Safaeian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since large dams collapse can lead to catastrophic consequences on human’s lives and properties, the reliable performance of such structures during a strong earthquake is extremely important. Therefore, applying reliable analysis methods for designing large dams and seismic evaluation of the existing dam is crucial. The present study investigates the behavior of a concrete arch dam during the maximum credible earthquake “MCL” through non-linear time history analysis. A 30-meter height concrete arch dam was simulated in SAP2000-academic version- using 3D solid elements. Rayleigh damping and plasticity-based five-parameter Willam-Warnke model, as a means of failure criterion, were taken into account during non-linear time history analysis. The results indicated that the seismic load combination had a significant impact on final stress distribution in which high tensile cracks penetrated over the upstream heel.
Erbium Related Photoluminescence of Silicon: Influence of Co-doping with Oxygen and Hydrogenation
Authors: Islam Aynul , Aynul Anika Tasnim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This experiment deals with the influence of co-doping with oxygen and hydrogen and also annealing parameters, temperature and excitation power on the Er related photoluminescence (PL) of silicon. The ultimate goal is to optimise the PL intensity of the Er3+ internal transition to make at room-temperature luminescence possible. Silicon is a very inefficient light emitter, because of the low radiative recombination rate due to the indirect band gap. However, by adding optically active impurities such as erbium, Si can be made luminescent. Silicon is an ideal material for the fabrication of optical waveguides that are compatible with optical telecommunication technology at 1.54µm, because of its high transparency and high refractive index at this wavelength. Co-doping with oxygen and hydrogen can enhance the initial Er luminescence. To investigate the influence of oxygen and hydrogen on the diffusion process and the luminescence intensity, samples were doped with erbium, oxygen and hydrogen at different concentrations that were implanted both on Float Zone (FZ) and Czochralski (CZ) silicon wafers. In FZ silicon, the samples implanted with both oxygen and hydrogen showed the highest luminescence yield with a six times higher peak intensity as compared to samples implanted with only erbium and a two times higher peak intensity as compared to samples with erbium and oxygen, in accordance with previous results. However, identified by the line position and contrary to previous results on CZ-Si, the luminescence stems from an erbium-oxygen impurity complex and not from the so-called cubic centre. In CZ samples doped with erbium, oxygen and hydrogen show a 3 times higher intensity as compared to samples doped only with erbium and oxygen. Although the PL lines of the cubic centre are visible, they do not exhibit the strongest luminescence. In samples doped only with erbium and hydrogen and annealed at 900°C, we observe luminescence from only the cubic centre. Although the appearance of the cubic centre in these samples is most likely due to out-diffusion of erbium in the absence of oxygen, hydrogen again enhances the luminescence intensity by a factor 2.
The Effects of Sintering Additives on the Sintering of 3Y-TZP Ceramic
Authors: Theenagaran S , Ting C H , Chin K L , Yeo W H , Ng C K , Ramesh S , Teng W D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The influence of 0.5 wt.% of manganese oxide (MnO2) addition as dopant into 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) were studied in comparison to undoped 3Y-TZP using different sintering profiles. Samples were sintered at 1200°C, 1300°C and 1400°C with holding time of 1 min, 12 min, 2 hours and 20 hours all for single step sintering. The optimal sintering profiles are A4 and C2 where 3Y-TZP doped with 0.5% wt. MnO2 sintered at 1400°C for 12 minutes and 1200 °C for 20 hours respectively. At these sintering parameters, the MnO2 doped 3Y-TZP sample exhibited relative density of ~97%, Vicker’s Hardness value of ~13 GPa, Fracture toughness value of ~4 MPam1/2 and Young’s modulus of ~210 GPa.
The Study on penetration variation of nickel ion in wastewater by laser light technology
Authors: Lin Dan , Xie Fang , Wu Xin-Da , Zhou Hao-Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of industry in the world has brought serious negative effects, so pollution control and prevention is an important issue for the future environment. The discharge and treatment of metal ions in water environment are becoming more and more serious. Common heavy metal analysis methods need the support of large-scale instruments. In the study, the differently control of wavelength, temperature and concentration. Explore theoretical analysis solutions based on laser absorption and scattering, Design of metal ion analysis of laser light penetration. The influence of medium change of metal ions on the light dispersion path is measured by direct light. Preliminary results found that the 532nm wavelength laser light has a deviation in the determination of metal ions. Laser wave was analysed by water diffusion chromatography. In order to facilitate the change from large equipment to portable metal ion detection technology.
The study of Laser 532nm wavelength in Ni+·H20 for reflective effect
Authors: Zhou Hao-Lin , Wu Xin-Da , Lin Dan , Zhang Li-Qiong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of science and technology in china, treatment of pollutants is also relatively the biggest problem in developed countries, and heavy metal pollution in many water pollution accounted for a larger proportion. The traditional analytical sampling methods include ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), to improve timeliness, in this study, laser light method was used to preliminarily analyse the water body, using the difference of reflected facula analysis may contain metal ions in the sample. It was found that after the laser with the wavelength of 532nm was refracted in the nickel solution and distilled water, the facula reflected by the outer glass surface had a significant deviation, from the preliminary experimental results, the reflect facula area of that nickel liquid was 96.01% with respect to water. Therefore, that lase light can be used as a reference for research on miniaturize measurement equipment in the future.
Development and Characterization of Bioplastic Film from Salacca zalacca Seed Starch
Authors: Ma’mun S , Alamsyah D N , Pribadi A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The world community has given a particular concern to environmental issues such as pollution of the marine environment due to petroleum-based plastic materials. Since petro-based plastics cannot easily be degraded in nature, bioplastics’ development is a must. Bioplastics can be made from various renewable feedstocks such as polysaccharides, protein, and fat. Salacca zalacca is one of the starch sources that can be used to manufacture bioplastics. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize the bioplastic by use of Salacca zalacca starch. The bioplastic films were made by mixing all the raw materials at 70 oC for 40 minutes. The sample was then put into a mold and heating it in the oven at 50°C for 24 hours. The results show that an optimum condition with 4 wt% of PVA occurs at the starch concentration of 1.8 wt% with the tensile strength and the elongation of 20 N and 53%. Moreover, the optimum condition with 15 wt% of PVAc gives the tensile strength of 20 N with lower elongation (15%).
Enhancement of self-healing to mechanical properties of concrete
Authors: Abd Elzahra Israa H , Al-Sherrawi Mohannad H 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConcrete is the main construction material of many structures. Exposing to loads creates cracks in concrete, which reduce the performance and durability. The decrease of concrete cracks becomes a necessity demand to ensure more durability and structural integrity of the concrete structure. Autogenous healing concrete is a kind of new smart concretes, which has the ability to reclose its cracks by means of itself. Concrete self-healing is a type of free repairs processes, which is reduce direct and indirect cost of maintenance and repairing. This work targets to inspect the mechanical properties of concrete after using two combinations of two materials (20 kg/m3 calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and 2 kg/m3 sodium carbonate Na2CO3 and 30 kg/m3 calcium hydroxide and 3 kg/m3 sodium carbonate) as a partial replacement of cement to work as self-healing agents. The paper reports and study the compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests’ results at 7, 28 and 90 days of concrete age. Use of two combinations of calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, as healing agents, enhanced the mechanical properties of concrete and reduced the width of concrete cracks with time. The concrete compressive strength was increased after curing for 90 days by 9.3 and 11.1 %, respectively. The flexural strength was improved by 14.3 and 15.9 %, respectively. Also, the splitting tensile strength was enhanced by 6.9 and 9.3 %, respectively.
Release Analysis of Nano-Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) from Paint: An Accelerated Weathering Experiment
Authors: Llana M J , Tolentino M S , Valeza N C C , Reyes J P , Basilia B A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM’s), particularly TiO2 nanoparticles are being incorporated on paints due to their capabilities to enhance optical properties and to scatter UV radiation, which eventually protects the paint from discoloration. In this study, the release of these nano-TiO2 from paint was investigated. Two (2) types of paint were used, one containing pigment- and nano-TiO2 (P1), while the other only contains pigment-TiO2 (P2). The paints were subjected to accelerated weathering wherein the paints were exposed to cycles of UV irradiation and water condensation. The SEM-EDX results showed the distribution of the pigment- and nano-TiO2 on the surface of P1 and P2, and the changes in the morphologies before and after weathering. The photomicrograph revealed the formation of cracks on the surface of P1 brought about by the photocatalytic degradation due to the presence of nano-TiO2. Leachate samples were also collected weekly in the duration of the weathering test and were analysed using ICP-OES. The presence of Ti, which can be correlated to the release TiO2, on the samples was detected. The release of Ti from P1 and P2 showed a decreasing trend throughout the weathering experiment, having the following initial amounts of release: 1.38 mg/L and 2.10 mg/L for P1 and P2, respectively. Moreover, a graphical release mechanism for the nano-TiO2 release was conceptualized based on the results of the study. In general, potential release of nano-TiO2 from paints could happen since these TiO2 nanoparticles serve as a photocatalyst in the paint degradation when exposed to prolonged weathering conditions.
Material Risk Pooling: Strategies for Precast Fabrication
Authors: Ko Chien-Ho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Materials used in precast fabrication are different from those cast in the construction site. When fabricators lack production materials, they have to await the materials until the supplier transports them to the precast fabricator. The primary objective of the study is to enhance on-time delivery with relatively low inventory by leading risk-pooling concept with lateral transshipment strategy. To achieve the goal, this research develops lateral transshipment strategies by considering the characteristics and requirements of precast production. The computer simulation technique is then used to analyze the material risk pooling strategies. The proposed method can be used to analyze optimum transshipment policy for shipping the required materials from manufacturing plants that have surplus to others starving for materials. Risks of late delivery can thus be reduced.
Investigation of the Criteria for Evaluating Electrode Metal Transfer in Short Circuit Gas-Shielded Arc Welding
Authors: Bolotov S V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Based on the developed information-measuring complex, the investigation of processes of melting and electrode metal transfer during short circuit arc welding was carried out. The close relationship between the energy of the arc at the stage of its formation and the diameter of an electrode metal droplet was found. It is proposed to evaluate the transfer stability by the harmonic composition of welding current.
Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the quality of metal parts obtained by selective laser melting
Authors: Zhdanov A V , Voznesenskaya A A , Raznoschikov A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, an approach to improving the quality of material obtained by the method of selective laser melting is considered. The analysis of powder material of stainless steel is carried out. A number of samples were obtained with subsequent HIP-processing. The structure was analyzed, and the hardness of the obtained samples was measured before and after HIP treatment.
Stabilization of Root Parameters for Shielded Arc Welding
Authors: Krasikov P P , Savinov A V , Polesskiy O A , Chudin A A , Krasikova L S , Kozlov I V , Borisov D S , Filippov V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study revealed that the application of flux paste to the back side of the welded joint during welding of low-alloyed steels provides control over the sizes of the root and its defect-free formation. It was found that the back bead height of the root welded with flux paste is 1.5 to 3 times less than that of the root welded with the same welding variables without flux paste.