bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting, Attributing, and Projecting Global Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Change: FishMIP 2.0
Authors: Blanchard Julia L. , Novaglio Camilla , Maury Olivier , Harrison Cheryl S. , Petrik Colleen M. , Fierro‐Arcos Denisse , Ortega‐Cisneros Kelly , Bryndum‐Buchholz Andrea , Eddy Tyler D. , Heneghan Ryan , Roberts Kelsey , Schewe Jacob , Bianchi Daniele , Guiet Jerome , Daniel van Denderen P. , Palacios‐Abrantes Juliano , Liu Xiao , Stock Charles A. , Rousseau Yannick , Büchner Matthias , Adekoya Ezekiel O. , Bulman Cathy , Cheung William , Christensen Villy , Coll Marta , Capitani Leonardo , Datta Samik , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Fuster Alba , Garza Victoria , Lengaigne Matthieu , Lindmark Max , Murphy Kieran , Ouled‐Cheikh Jazel , Prasad Sowdamini S. , Oliveros‐Ramos Ricardo , Reum Jonathan C. , Rynne Nina , Scherrer Kim J. N. , Shin Yunne‐Jai , Steenbeek Jeroen , Woodworth‐Jefcoats Phoebe , Wu Yan‐Lun , Tittensor Derek P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere is an urgent need for models that can robustly detect past and project future ecosystem changes and risks to the services that they provide to people. The Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (FishMIP) was established to develop model ensembles for projecting long‐term impacts of climate change on fisheries and marine ecosystems while informing policy at spatio‐temporal scales relevant to the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) framework. While contributing FishMIP models have improved over time, large uncertainties in projections remain, particularly in coastal and shelf seas where most of the world's fisheries occur. Furthermore, previous FishMIP climate impact projections have been limited by a lack of global standardized historical fishing data, low resolution of coastal processes, and uneven capabilities across the FishMIP community to dynamically model fisheries. These features are needed to evaluate how reliably the FishMIP ensemble captures past ecosystem states ‐ a crucial step for building confidence in future projections. To address these issues, we have developed FishMIP 2.0 comprising a two‐track framework for: (a) Model evaluation and attribution of past changes and (b) future climate and socioeconomic scenario projections. Key advances include improved historical climate forcing, which captures oceanographic features not previously resolved, and standardized global fishing forcing to test fishing effects systematically across models. FishMIP 2.0 is a crucial step toward a detection and attribution framework for changing marine ecosystems and toward enhanced policy relevance through increased confidence in future ensemble projections. Our results will help elucidate pathways toward achieving sustainable development goals.
Trace Element Emissions Vary With Lava Flow Age and Thermal Evolution During the Fagradalsfjall 2021–2023 Eruptions, Iceland
Authors: Wainman L. , Ilyinskaya E. , Pfeffer M. , Mandon C. , Bali E. , Edwards B. A. , Kleine‐Marshall B. I. , Gudjonsdottir S. R. , Cotterill A. , Scott S. W. , Wieser P. , Stefánsson A. , Nicholson E. J. , Sepulveda‐Araya J. , Hammond S. J. , Kunz B. E. , Jenner F. , Gunnarsson J. R. , Aiuppa A. , Burton M. , Mather T. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBasaltic fissure eruptions emit volatile and environmentally reactive gases and particulate matter (PM) into the lower troposphere (e.g., SO2, HCl, and HF in the gas phase; Se, As, Pb as complexes in the PM phase). Lava flows from fissure eruptions can be spatially extensive, but the composition and fluxes of their emissions are poorly characterized compared to those from main vent(s). Using uncrewed aircraft systems‐mounted (drone) samplers and ground‐based remote Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, we investigated the down‐flow compositional evolution of emissions from active lava flows during the Fagradalsfjall 2021–2023 eruptions. The calculated fluxes of volatile trace metals from lava flows are considerable relative to both main vent degassing and anthropogenic fluxes in Iceland. We demonstrate a fractionation in major gas emissions with decreasing S/halogen ratio down‐flow. This S‐Cl fractionation is reflected in the trace element degassing profile, where the abundance of predominantly sulfur‐complexing elements (e.g., Se, Te, As, Pb) decreases more rapidly in down‐flow emissions relative to elements complexing as chlorides (e.g., Cu, Rb, Cs), oxides (e.g., La, Ce) and hydroxides (e.g., Fe, Mg, Al, Ti). Using thermochemical modeling, we explain this relationship through temperature and composition dependent element speciation as the lava flow ages and cools. As a result, some chloride‐complexing elements (such as Cu) become relatively more abundant in emissions further down‐flow, compared to emissions from the main vent or more proximal lava flows. This variability in down‐flow element fluxes suggests that the output of metals to the environment may change depending on lava flow age and thermal evolution.
Superconducting Gravimeter Observations Show That a Satellite‐Derived Snow Depth Image Improves the Simulation of the Snow Water Equivalent Evolution in a High Alpine Site
Authors: Koch F. , Gascoin S. , Achmüller K. , Schattan P. , Wetzel K.‐F. , Deschamps‐Berger C. , Lehning M. , Rehm T. , Schulz K. , Voigt C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lack of accurate information on the spatiotemporal variations of snow water equivalent (SWE) in mountain catchments remains a key problem in snow hydrology and water resources management. This is partly because there is no sensor to measure SWE beyond local scale. At Mt. Zugspitze, Germany, a superconducting gravimeter senses the gravity effect of the seasonal snow, reflecting the temporal evolution of SWE in a few kilometers scale radius. We used this new observation to evaluate two configurations of the Alpine3D distributed snow model. In the default run, the model was forced with meteorological station data. In the second run, we applied precipitation correction based on an 8 m resolution snow depth image derived from satellite observations (Pléiades). The snow depth image strongly improved the simulation of the snowpack gravity effect during the melt season. This result suggests that satellite observations can enhance SWE analyses in mountains with limited infrastructure.
Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Sporadic Meteors Radiant Observed by Meteor Radars
Authors: Luo Jiahui , Gong Yun , Zhang Shaodong , Ma Zheng , Zhou Qihou , Bao Jiaxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on data collected from three meteor radars located at Mohe (MH, 53.5°N, 122.3°E), Wuhan (WH, 30.5°N, 114.6°E), and Ledong (LD, 18.4°N, 109.0°E), the diurnal and seasonal variations of the meteor counts, azimuth‐zenith distributions of meteors, and sporadic meteor radiant are investigated. For the diurnal variation, meteor counts typically peak around 4 local time (LT) and reach their lowest levels near 17 LT, and the azimuth of the maximum meteor densities exhibits a clockwise rotation with LT. Such a characteristic is determined to be due to the domination of meteors from the helion direction during the daytime and from the antihelion direction during the nighttime. Additionally, three other meteor sources, north apex, south apex, and north toroidal have contributed to detections across all three radar sites. Distinct seasonal variations in meteor counts and azimuth‐zenith distribution are observed at MH while such variations are less evident at WH and LD. The seasonal variation of the radiant distributions displays significant distinct characteristics among different latitudinal observations. These diurnal and seasonal variations can be well explained by the change in the relative positions of the five meteor sources in the radars' local frame of reference. Our study enhances our ability to predict the characteristics of meteor counts and azimuth‐zenith distributions observed by meteor radar at any given time and location.
Ionospheric Irregularities Coinciding With the 2023 Typhoon Saola: A Multi‐Instrument Study
Authors: Nie Wenfeng , Wang Fangyuan , Qiao Zhizhong , Xu Tianhe , Wang Yong , Ye Mingzhu , Hu Lianhuan , Liu Tong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTyphoons exert significant influences on the ionosphere through atmospheric waves, ultimately affecting radio signals in the L‐band of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Due to the limitations of ground observations, the mechanisms and full impacts of typhoon‐induced ionospheric variation remain to be explored. To address this gap, we embarked on a challenging expedition, employing a shipborne ionospheric scintillation monitoring receiver (ISMR) to gather data near the trajectory of Typhoon Saola during August and September 2023. The results revealed prominent amplitude scintillation and total electron content fluctuations in GNSS satellite detections, particularly during sunset from 29 to 31 August 2023. The findings are cross‐validated with ground GNSS stations, high‐frequency radar and the Swarm satellite, confirming the presence of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). These EPBs have demonstrable effects on GNSS signals, ultimately influencing the precision of positioning performance. By examining the influence of the neutral wind field on atmospheric gravity waves triggered by typhoons, we elucidated how these waves impact the ionosphere, ultimately leading to the formation of plasma bubbles.
Magmatic Evolution of the Marius Hills, Rümker Hills, and Gardner Volcanic Complexes on the Moon: Constraints From Topography and Gravity
Authors: Yin Haolin , Huang Qian , Zhang Feng , Geng Meixia , Chen Yuchao , Zhao Jiannan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMarius Hills, Rümker Hills, and Gardner are three prominent volcanic complexes on the lunar nearside characterized by well‐preserved elevated topography, highly concentrated domes/cones, and positive gravity anomalies. Here, we perform a comparative study of the geology and geophysics of these three volcanic complexes using multi‐source remote‐sensing data to better understand the volcanism diversity and magmatic evolution of the lunar nearside. Uniform and precise feature extraction methods are used to explore the morphological and geochemical characteristics of the volcanic complexes and their quasi‐circular small shields (domes/cones). A new generalized approach based on three‐dimensional (3D) gravity forward modeling is utilized to estimate the subsurface magma intrusion volumes. The results are about 2.63–6.65 × 104, 1.48–3.86 × 104, and 2.75–4.22 × 104 km3 for the Marius Hills, Rümker Hills, and Gardner, respectively. Together with their extrusion volumes, Marius Hills has the largest magnitude of magmatic activity and the lowest ratio of intrusive versus extrusive volumes. Taking into account their geological and geophysical diversities, we propose three magma intrusion and extrusion schematic models and suggest that potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus (KREEP) may serve as an important driving force for the long‐term and large‐magnitude volcanism in Marius Hills, while the relatively short‐lived and small‐scale volcanism in Rümker Hills and Gardner may not be related to KREEP. Future geochemical studies of basalt samples from the Marius Hills region may provide additional clues to the role of KREEP in lunar nearside volcanism and thermal evolution.
TGFβ signaling sensitizes MEKi-resistant human melanoma to targeted therapy-induced apoptosis
Authors: Loos Benjamin , Salas-Bastos Adrian , Nordin Anna , Debbache Julien , Stierli Salome , Cheng Phil F. , Rufli Stefanie , Wyss Conrad , Levesque Mitchell P. , Dummer Reinhard , Wong Wendy Wei-Lynn , Pascolo Steve , Cantù Claudio , Sommer Lukas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe TGFβ signaling pathway is known for its pleiotropic functions in a plethora of biological processes. In melanoma, TGFβ signaling promotes invasiveness and metastasis formation. However, its involvement in the response to therapy is controversial. While several studies have linked TGFβ signaling to elevated resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma, separate findings have indicated a favorable treatment response through TGFβ-mediated increase of cell death. We now found that the outcome of TGFβ signaling in the context of targeted therapy is dose dependent. Unlike low doses, high levels of TGFβ signal activation induce apoptosis upon simultaneous MAPK pathway inhibition, even in targeted therapy resistant melanoma cell lines. Using transcriptomic analyses, combined with genomic target identification of the critical TGFβ signaling effector SMAD4, we demonstrate that parallel activation of TGFβ signaling and MAPK pathway inhibition causes a complete switch of TGFβ target genes from promoting pro-invasive processes to fueling pro-apoptotic pathways. Investigations of underlying mechanisms identified a novel apoptosis-inducing gene signature. Functional validation of signature members highlighted a central role of the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member BCL2L11 (BIM) in mediating apoptosis in this condition. Using a modified, synthetic version of the TGFB1 mRNA for intra-tumoral injections, we additionally showcase a potential therapeutic application of this treatment combination.
Introducing a global database of entomopathogenic fungi and their host associations
Authors: De Wint Frederik C. , Nicholson Soun , Koid Qian Qun , Zahra Shafia , Chestney-Claassen Georgia , Seelan Jaya Seelan Sathiya , Xie Jie , Xing Shuang , Fayle Tom M. , Haelewaters Danny 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPathogens significantly influence natural and agricultural ecosystems, playing a crucial role in the regulation of species populations and maintaining biodiversity. Entomopathogenic fungi (EF), particularly within the Hypocreales order, exemplify understudied pathogens that infect insects and other arthropods globally. Despite their ecological importance, comprehensive data on EF host specificity and geographical distribution are lacking. To address this, we present EntomoFun 1.0, an open-access database centralizing global records of EF–insect associations in Hypocreales. This database includes 1,791 records detailing EF species, insect host taxa, countries of occurrence, life stages of hosts, and information sources. EntomoFun 1.0 is constructed based on 600 literature sources, as well as herbarium specimens of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. This database is intended to test hypotheses, identify knowledge gaps, and stimulate future research. Contents of the EntomoFun 1.0 database are visualized with a global map, taxonomic chart, bipartite community network, and graphs.
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 5.0
Authors: Jakobsson Martin , Mohammad Rezwan , Karlsson Marcus , Salas-Romero Silvia , Vacek Florian , Heinze Florian , Bringensparr Caroline , Castro Carlos F. , Johnson Paul , Kinney Juliet , Cardigos Sara , Bogonko Michael , Accettella Daniela , Amblas David , An Lu , Bohan Aileen , Brandt Angelika , Bünz Stefan , Canals Miquel , Casamor José Luis , Coakley Bernard , Cornish Natalie , Danielson Seth , Demarte Maurizio , Di Franco Davide , Dickson Mary-Lynn , Dorschel Boris , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Dreutter Simon , Fremand Alice C. , Hall John K. , Hally Bryan , Holland David , Hong Jon Kuk , Ivaldi Roberta , Knutz Paul C. , Krawczyk Diana W. , Kristofferson Yngve , Lastras Galderic , Leck Caroline , Lucchi Renata G. , Masetti Giuseppe , Morlighem Mathieu , Muchowski Julia , Nielsen Tove , Noormets Riko , Plaza-Faverola Andreia , Prescott Megan M. , Purser Autun , Rasmussen Tine L. , Rebesco Michele , Rignot Eric , Rysgaard Søren , Silyakova Anna , Snoeijs-Leijonmalm Pauline , Sørensen Aqqaluk , Straneo Fiammetta , Sutherland David A. , Tate Alex J. , Travaglini Paola , Trenholm Nicole , van Wijk Esmee , Wallace Luke , Willis Josh K. , Wood Michael , Zimmermann Mark , Zinglersen Karl B. , Mayer Larry 
Published: December 2024

AbstractKnowledge about seafloor depth, or bathymetry, is crucial for various marine activities, including scientific research, offshore industry, safety of navigation, and ocean exploration. Mapping the central Arctic Ocean is challenging due to the presence of perennial sea ice, which limits data collection to icebreakers, submarines, and drifting ice stations. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) was initiated in 1997 with the goal of updating the Arctic Ocean bathymetric portrayal. The project team has since released four versions, each improving resolution and accuracy. Here, we present IBCAO Version 5.0, which offers a resolution four times as high as Version 4.0, with 100 × 100 m grid cells compared to 200 × 200 m. Over 25% of the Arctic Ocean is now mapped with individual depth soundings, based on a criterion that considers water depth. Version 5.0 also represents significant advancements in data compilation and computing techniques. Despite these improvements, challenges such as sea-ice cover and political dynamics still hinder comprehensive mapping.
A decade of declines in toothed whale densities following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Frasier Kaitlin E. , Kadifa Macey A. , Solsona Berga Alba , Hildebrand John A. , Wiggins Sean M. , Garrison Lance P. , Frouin-Mouy Héloïse , Gracia Adolfo , Serrano Arturo , Hodge Lynne E. W. , Wall Carrie C. , Le Hénaff Matthieu , Soldevilla Melissa S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractShortly after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill began in April 2010, a widely spaced passive acoustic monitoring array was deployed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to document the impacts of this unprecedentedly large and deep offshore oil spill on oceanic marine mammals. The array was subsequently maintained for over a decade. Here we document decadal density declines for seven of eight monitored species groups, including sperm whales (up to 31%), beaked whales (up to 83%), and small delphinids (up to 43%). Declines were observed both within and outside of the surface oil footprint. Though not conclusively linked to the oil spill, the broad spatial and temporal scale of these declines observed for disparate marine mammal species is consistent with Deepwater Horizon impacts. These declines have exceeded and outlasted post-spill damage assessment predictions, suggesting that the offshore ecosystem impacts of Deepwater Horizon may have been larger than previously thought.
Weakly supervised bounding‐box generation for camera‐trap image based animal detection
Authors: Xie Puxuan , Gao Renwu , Lu Weizeng , Shen Linlin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn ecology, deep learning is improving the performance of camera‐trap image based wild animal analysis. However, high labelling cost becomes a big challenge, as it requires involvement of huge human annotation. For example, the Snapshot Serengeti (SS) dataset contains over 900,000 images, while only 322,653 contains valid animals, 68,000 volunteers were recruited to provide image level labels such as species, the no. of animals and five behaviour attributes such as standing, resting and moving etc. In contrast, the Gold Standard SS Bounding‐Box Coordinates (GSBBC for short) contains only 4011 images for training of object detection algorithms, as the annotation of bounding‐box for animals in the image, is much more costive. Such a no. of training images, is obviously insufficient. To address this, the authors propose a method to generate bounding‐boxes for a larger dataset using limited manually labelled images. To achieve this, the authors first train a wild animal detector using a small dataset (e.g. GSBBC) that is manually labelled to locate animals in images; then apply this detector to a bigger dataset (e.g. SS) for bounding‐box generation; finally, we remove false detections according to the existing label information of the images. Experiments show that detector trained with images whose bounding‐boxes are generated using the proposal, outperformed the existing camera‐trap image based animal detection, in terms of mean average precision (mAP). Compared with the traditional data augmentation method, our method improved the mAP by 21.3% and 44.9% for rare species, also alleviating the long‐tail issue in data distribution. In addition, detectors trained with the proposed method also achieve promising results when applied to classification and counting tasks, which are commonly required in wildlife research.
Advances in Disease-Modifying Therapeutics for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Davalos Long , Kushlaf Hani 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeuromuscular disorders can cause respiratory impairment by affecting the muscle fibers, neuromuscular junction, or innervation of respiratory muscles, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Over the past few years, new disease-modifying therapies have been developed and made available for treating different neuromuscular disorders. Some of these therapies have remarkable effectiveness, resulting in the prevention and reduction of respiratory complications. For myasthenia gravis (MG), efgartigimod, ravulizumab, rozanolixizumab, and zilucoplan have been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive generalized MG in the past 2 years. Rozanolixiumab is also approved for treating MG caused by muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies. The new MG therapeutics target the complement system or block the neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptors (FcRn), leading to significant clinical improvement. For spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), nusinersen (intrathecal route) and risdiplam (oral route) modify the splicing of the SMN2 gene, increasing the production of normal survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Onasemnogene abeparvovec is a gene replacement therapy that encodes a functional SMN protein. All SMA medications, particularly onasemnogene abeparvovec, have led to clinically meaningful improvement. For late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), avalglucosidase alfa has shown a greater improvement in respiratory function, ambulation, and functional outcomes in comparison to alglucosidase alfa, and cipaglucosidase alfa combined with miglustat has shown improvement in respiratory and motor function in a cohort of enzyme replacement therapy-experienced LOPD patients. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains a challenge. The two most recent FDA-approved medications, namely sodium phenylbutyrate and tofersen, may slow down the disease by a few months in a selected population but do not stop the progression of the disease.
Safety, Efficacy, and Effectiveness of Maternal Vaccination against Respiratory Infections in Young Infants
Authors: Makan-Murphy Nisha , Madhi Shabir A , Dangor Ziyaad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Maternal vaccination is an effective strategy in protecting young infants from LRTI, particularly in the first few months after birth when infant is most vulnerable, and most primary childhood vaccinations have not been administered. Additionally, maternal vaccination protects the mother from illness during pregnancy and the postnatal period, and the developing fetus from adverse outcomes such as stillbirth and prematurity. In this paper, we review the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of maternal vaccines against LRTIs, such as pertussis, influenza, coronavirus disease 2019, and respiratory syncytial virus.