bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can antioxidants protect against chemotherapy in a rat spermatogonial stem cell line?
Authors: Allen Caroline M , Lopes Federica , Mitchell Rod T , Spears Norah 
Published: November 2021

Lay summary
Boys administered chemotherapy to treat cancer are at risk of damage to their healthy testicular tissue, which can lead to infertility in adulthood. Researchers are therefore investigating treatments to protect the testis during cancer treatment. Here, cells originating from rat testicles were cultured for 4 days and exposed to chemotherapy drugs with or without antioxidants for the final 2 days. Antioxidants can reduce cellular damage by inactivating toxic compounds. Here, antioxidants such as melatonin or n-acetylcysteine were tested against chemotherapy agents cisplatin, doxorubicin, or vincristine. Cultures were repeated four times, with cell survival measured at the end of culture. The antioxidants were not damaging and partially protected against cisplatin, although not doxorubicin. Surprisingly, n-acetylcysteine enhanced vincristine-induced damage. The results suggest that using antioxidants to protect the testis could have either beneficial or harmful effects when given alongside different chemotherapy drugs: this is important, considering that patients are often treated with multiple drugs.
Coping with syntactic complexity in English–Chinese sight translation by translation and interpreting students.
Authors: Ma Xingcheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study approaches syntactic complexity from a relative point of view and examines how translation and interpreting students cope with relative clauses and passive constructions, two exemplifications of syntactic complexity in English–Chinese sight translation. A group of students (N= 23) took part in the study. The study consisted of three parts: an English reading span test, a sight translation task, and a baseline reading task. During the sight translation task, the participants sight translated English sentences with different degrees of structural asymmetry into Chinese in the single sentence context and the discourse context. During the baseline reading task, they silently read the English sentences and answered the comprehension questions. The participants' eye movements in the sight translation and baseline reading tasks were recorded as indicators of cognitive load. Three major findings were generated: (1) Syntactic complexity resulted in a significant increase in cognitive load during the sight translation task. The syntactic aspects of the target language were activated during the initial stage of comprehension, which favoured the parallel view of translation. (2) Although sight translation became more time efficient due to wider contexts, a larger amount of contextual information did not make word-based processing less effortful, as indicated by more fixations and the longer regression path duration in the discourse context. (3) No correlations were found between reading span and cognitive load in addressing syntactical complexity.
Sovietisms as cultural, social and historical realia in English retranslations of Bulgakov's The Fatal Eggs
Authors: Vid Natalia Kaloh , Žagar-Šoštarić Petra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMikhail Bulgakov's fantastic short story The Fatal Eggs (1925) was translated into English by five translators, Mirra Ginsburg (1964), Kathleen Gook-Horujy (1990), Hugh Aplin (2003), Michael Karpelson (2010), and Roger Cockrell (2011). The emphasis in this research is on the linguistic analysis of the translations of cultural, social and historical realia referred to as Sovietisms, which pertain to items characteristic of Soviet discourse in the 1930s. Bulgakov's language is brimming with Soviet vocabulary that refers to various cultural and socio-political elements of Soviet reality. A complete naturalization or even omission of Sovietisms may lead to loss of connotative meanings essential to understanding the context, while foreignizing through transliteration or calquing may disturb the fluency of reading. The purpose of the analysis is to assess the translators' choices and what they imply for the readers. Another aim is to test the assumptions of re-translation theory (Bensimon 1990; Gambier 1994), which states that early translations are more target-oriented than subsequent translations. The analysis employs taxonomies suggested by Vlakhov and Florin (1980) and Mokienko and Nikitina (1998) for the classification of Sovietisms, and Aixelá’s taxonomy of translation strategies (1996) as the grounds for the case study.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis Based on Arias Intensity in the North–South Seismic Belt of China
Authors: Li Xuejing , Xu Weijin , Gao Mengtan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Arias intensity (IA), as an important seismic parameter, which contains the information of amplitude, frequencies, and duration of ground motion, plays a crucial role in characterizing seismic hazard such as earthquake-induced landslides. In this article, we conducted probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) based on IA in China’s north–south seismic belt. We adopted the seismic sources and seismicity parameters used in the fifth generation of the Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zoning Map of China, and two ground-motion model of IA. The results show that the values of IA are greater than 0.11 m/s in most regions of the north–south seismic belt. The provincial capital cities and most prefecture-level cities in the seismic zone are located in the region with IA-values greater than 0.32 m/s. The values of IA are above 0.54 m/s in the region around the main fault zone. This means that the north–south seismic belt is prone to extremely high-seismic hazard, particularly earthquake-induced landslides. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the evaluation and prevention of earthquake-induced landslides in this area. As we have found significant differences in the values of IA calculated from different ground-motion model, it is necessary to study the ground-motion model of IA for the western geological environment of China. In addition, the PSHA based on IA gives more consideration to the influence of large earthquakes than that based on peak ground acceleration. Therefore, IA plays an important role in seismic design of major engineering projects. The results of this article are of great scientific significance for understanding the seismic hazard of the north–south seismic belt.
Solid nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with silymarin for oral delivery: Formulation development and evaluation
Authors: Hirlekar Rajashree , Patil Esha , Bhairy Srinivas 
Published: November 2021

The present study was aimed at preparing stable dry adsorbed nanoparticles (DANs) of silymarin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The prepared silymarin loaded NLCs and DANs were characterized for various quality parameters. Silymarin loaded NLCs were prepared by a modified hot melt emulsification ultra-sonication method using glyceryl monostearate (GMS), capmul MCM C8 EP (CAP) and gelucire 50/13 (G50/13) as solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant respectively. For better stability, NLC dispersion was converted into DANs by adsorbing them onto some suitable carriers. NLCs and DANs were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, assay, thermal behavior, crystallinity and morphological study. The optimized NLCs have a mean particle size of 206.1±012.5 nm (size distribution of 0.249±0.058), a zeta potential of -32.5±1.2 mV with high entrapment of 95.60±0.45% and drug loading of 1.90±0.08%. The X-ray diffraction and endothermic peaks confirmed the maximum encapsulation of active in lipid matrices. The particles were spherical with smooth surface morphology. In-vitro release studies showed sustained drug release for up to 24 h. Ex-vivo permeation in the presence and absence of lymphatic blocker indicates the uptake of silymarin loaded NLCs by the lymphatic route. Silymarin loaded NLCs prepared had a nanosize distribution with high entrapment efficiency. The ex-vivo permeation study for optimized NLC formulation exhibited the lymphatic uptake of active. Dispersion stability was increased by preparing the DANs. The solid dry powder is used for oral reconstitution and can be further converted into tablets or filled into capsules.
УГЛЕРОДИСТЫЙ ОСТАТОК ОТ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ НЕФТЕШЛАМА КАК ОСНОВА ДЛЯ БИО-ТОПЛИВНОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ
Authors: Tabakaev Roman B. , Larionov Kirill B. , Ibraeva Kanipa T. , Shanenkov Ivan I. , Zavorin Alexander S. 
Published: November 2021

Ссылка для цитирования: Углеродистый остаток от термической переработки нефтешлама как основа для био-топливной композиции / Р.Б. Табакаев, К.Б. Ларионов, К.Т. Ибраева, И.И. Шаненков, А.С. Заворин // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 10. – С. 202–212.
Актуальность исследования обуславливается интересом к обеспечению тепловых затрат технологий переработки нефти за счет побочных продуктов (нефтешлама), а также необходимостью снижения вредных выбросов технологических процессов. Цель: исследование возможности сжигания углеродного остатка, полученного при паровой газификации нефтешлама, в составе топливной композиции с добавлением торфа. Объект: углеродистый остаток нефтешлама, полученный после паровой газификации нефтяного шлама при температуре 600 °С, и топливная композиция на его основе с добавлением торфа (25 мас. %). Методы. Теплотехнические характеристики исследуемых образцов определены согласно ГОСТ Р 55661-2013, 33503-2015 и 55660-2013. Значения теплоты сгорания установлены при помощи калориметра АБК-1 (РЭТ, Россия), элементный состав – на анализаторе Vario Micro Cube (Elementar, Германия). Размер частиц УОН установлен при помощи растрового электронного микроскопа JSM-6000C (JEOL, Япония). Исследование процесса горения рассматриваемых образцов осуществлено с помощью дифференциального-термического анализатора STA 449 F3 Jupiter (Netzsch, Germany) и экспериментального стенда, оборудованного высокоскоростной видеокамерой FASTCAM СА4 5 (Photron, CША). Характерные температуры плавкости золы и её состав определены согласно ГОСТ 2057-94 и ГОСТ 10538-87 соответственно. Результаты. Углеродистый остаток нефтешлама имеет превышающую торф и сопоставимую с бурыми углями теплоту сгорания и довольно низкую температуру воспламенения (220 °C), что обусловлено довольно высоким содержанием летучих веществ (Vdaf =64,3 %). Однако высокие значения зольности (Ad=60 %) и содержания серы (Sdaf=4,3 %) указывают на необходимость утилизации большого количества золы и улавливания окислов серы SOx. Показано, что совместное сжигание углеродистого остатка и торфа (25 мас. %) позволило снизить количество образующегося зольного остатка. Помимо этого, при добавлении 25 мас. % суховского торфа удалось снизить количество образующихся выбросов SO2 более чем в 3 раза. Этот эффект обусловлен взаимодействием газовой фазы с минеральной частью торфа, а именно, с карбонатами кальция и магния.
Facilitating person-centred leadership support during the Covid-19 crisis
Authors:   University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark, Hølge-Hazelton Bibi , Rosted Elizabeth ,   University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark, Borre Line Zacho ,   Zealand University Hospital,  Roskilde, Denmark, McCormack Brendan ,   Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, Kjerholt Mette ,   Zealand University Hospital,  Roskilde, Denmark
Published: November 2021

Background: The Covid-19 crisis has created new and difficult working conditions for all frontline healthcare staff and leaders. Ward managers in particular have faced significant challenges. The practice development initiative described in this article began at a hospital in Denmark immediately after the country’s first Covid-19 wave. The hospital has person-centredness as its vision for care and research. Aim: The purpose of this article is to offer a reflection on the ways in which our research and its findings enabled us to learn from the experiences of ward managers so as to support them and strengthen their network during a difficult time, using principles of practice development. Conclusion and implications for practice: The evidence produced in the project was found to be relevant to leadership practice by the ward managers and led to a strengthened position at a time of crisis. This implies that: •	It is possible to establish collaborative and useful evidence for clinical practice under difficult circumstances •	By using principles of practice development it is possible to facilitate constructive dialogues between ward managers and executive managers •	At a time of a major crisis, the role of ward managers should not be underestimated
Surrogate-Assisted Multiobjective Optimization of a Hydraulically Fractured Well in a Naturally Fractured Shale Reservoir with Geological Uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sheng James J. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing is the most widely used technology for the commercial exploitation of shale-gas reservoirs, yet still faces high cost and development risk caused by many inestimable and uncertain geological parameters in shale reservoirs. Optimally designing the hydraulic fracturing considering the geological uncertainty is an essential topic, and also a computationally expensive problem, which still has not obtained enough investigation. Facing this urgent requirement, a novel surrogate-assisted multiobjective optimization (MOO) framework is proposed for the hydraulically fractured well optimization in shale-gas reservoirs with geological uncertainty. A shale-gas-production numerical model is illustrated using the embedded discrete-fracture model (EDFM), in which a set of stochastic power-law distributed natural-fracture (NF) models are generated to describe the geological uncertainty. To fully grasp the expected economical revenue and the development risk, the MOO strategy is applied, in which the expected value and standard deviation of the net present values (NPVs) are regarded as the objective functions; a Pareto-ranking scheme is adopted to search for the Pareto front (PF) that satisfies both objectives. In addition, a state-of-the-art hybrid multiobjective particle-swarm optimization (HMOPSO) algorithm is developed, which couples the synthetic advantages of multiobjective particle-swarm optimization (MOPSO) and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and presents a higher accuracy and efficiency than both of them. Furthermore, a Gaussian-process Kriging model is adopted as the surrogate model to replace the time-consuming numerical simulation caused by the geological uncertainty; it is then integrated with the HMOPSO to construct a surrogated-assisted HMOPSO, which helps to increase the optimization efficiency and accuracy of the computationally expensive problem. Finally, the superiority of the HMOPSO against the traditional algorithms is validated using several benchmark functions, and the surrogated-assisted HMOPSO is performed into a hydraulic-fracture (HF)-well MOO example in a shale-gas reservoir with geological uncertainty. The PF is obtained, which provides a set of tradeoff solutions for designers.
Paenibacillus Polymyxa MVY-024: Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Which is Easy to Apply on an Industrial Scale
Authors: Kaziūnienė Justina , Mažylytė Raimonda , Krasauskas Aurimas , Toleikienė Monika , Gegeckas Audrius 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, thirteen isolates which were possibly expected to fix nitrogen, were isolated from the soil and pea root nodules and identified by gene analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. Two of these isolates which were able to form endospores and growth on nitrogen free media were selected for spring wheat development research. The isolate Paenibacillus sp. S7 identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa was found to significantly increased amount of ammonium and mineral N amounts in the soil. Furthermore, increased nitrogen accumulation in grain and a chlorophyll index were obtained after wheat treatment. Paenibacillus sp. S7 isolate was selected for further studies and accession number MT900581 and strain name MVY-024 in NCBI nucleotide bank for this isolate was assigned. During cultivation of Paenibacillus sp. MVY-024, sugarcane molasses and yeast extract were determined as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, optimal concentrations were 100 gL-1 and 10 gL-1, respectively. The optimal pH range for cells culturing was between 6.5 and 7.0, optimal air flow rate was 0.4 vvm. It was found that air flow has effect for biomass production and cells endospores formation. After Paenibacillus sp. MVY-024 biomass cultivation optimization, cultured cells number was on average 2.2 × 109 cfu mL-1.
Can Proximal Junctional Kyphosis After Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity Be Predicted by Preoperative Dynamic Sagittal Alignment Change With 3D Gait Analysis? A Case–control Study
Authors: Asada Tomoyuki , Miura Kousei , Koda Masao , Kadone Hideki , Funayama Toru , Takahashi Hiroshi , Noguchi Hiroshi , Shibao Yosuke , Sato Kosuke , Eto Fumihiko , Kono Mamoru , Mataki Kentaro , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate whether preoperative dynamic spinal alignment that worsened during gait as detected by three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis can be a predictive factor for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) with a minimum 1-year follow-up.MethodWe included 27 patients with ASD who underwent 3D gait analysis before corrective surgery and had >1-year follow-up. Dynamic spinal alignment parameters were obtained using a Nexus motion capture system (Vicon, Oxford, UK) with reflective markers. Spinal alignment was assessed in each region and pelvic alignment was assessed with surface markers. Patients were asked to walk for as long as possible around an oval walkway. We obtained the averaged dynamic parameters in the final lap and compared them between patients with PJK(+) and those with PJK(–).ResultsPJK occurred in 7 patients (26%). Preoperative angle between the thoracic spine and the pelvis was larger in patients with PJK(+) than in those with PJK(–) (32.3 ± 8.1 vs 18.7 ± 13.5, P = 0.020) with sufficient sample size. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified the angle between the thoracic spine and pelvis as an independent risk for PJK.ConclusionPreoperative thoracic kyphosis exacerbated by gait as determined in 3D gait analysis is a preoperative independent risk factor of PJK in patients undergoing ASD corrective surgery.
Facile and Sustainable Modification for Improving the Adsorption Ability of Sugarcane Bagasse Towards Cationic Organic Pollutants
Authors: Luan Pengcheng , Liao Jianming , Chen Li , Kuang Yishan , Zhang Xi , Zhang Yuxiang , Zhu Yikui , Dai Yonghong , Mo Lihuan , Li Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using low-cost agro-industrial wastes and by-products derived from lignocellulosic biomass for adsorption is believed to an affordable and sustainable way to tackle the burning issue of cationic pollution in the marine, while its relatively low adsorption capability limits its large-scale application. Chemical modifications to improve the adsorption abilities of lignocellulosic biomass usually has problems such as long reaction time, high operational cost, rigorous reaction conditions (high temperature and pressure) as well as the second pollution. In this study, a green, rapid, simple, and mild method was developed by using ozone to improve the adsorption abilities of sugarcane bagasse (SB). The effects of ozone modification on the SB and its related adsorption abilities towards cationic polymers were quantitatively investigated. Results showed that ozone modification under very low ozone consumption (~ 1.5 wt%) could efficiently increase the carboxyl groups, change the chemical compositions of SB, and does not significantly change its morphology, thereby ensuring the good recovery and adsorption performance of SB. The maximum adsorption rate and capacity of SB for positively charged methylene blue (MB) were increased about 33.3% and 11.3% than the original SB. Besides, ozone modified SB maintained its high adsorption capability even at high NaCl concentration (0.6 M). For cationic polymer with high charge densities, the adsorption capacity of milled SB increased about 125.4%.
Nomogram for Predicting Occurrence of Synchronous Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: A Single-center Retrospective Study Based on Pathological Factors
Authors: Liu Yunxiao , Wang Yuliuming , Zhang Hao , Zheng Mingyu , Wang Chunlin , Hu Zhiqiao , Wang Yang , Xiong Huan , Hu Hanqing , Tang Qingchao , Wang Guiyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for liver metastasis (LM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to construct a nomogram for predicting the occurrence of synchronous LM based on baseline and pathological information.MethodsThe baseline and pathological information of 3190 CRC patients from the Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between 2012 and 2020 were included. All patients were divided into development and validation cohorts with the 1:1 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to identify the potential predictors of LM in CRC patients. Using the R tool to create a predictive nomogram. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was calculated to describe the discriminability of the nomogram. A calibration curve was plotted to compare the predicted and observed results of the nomogram. Decision-making curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical effect of nomogram.ResultsThe nomogram consisted of six features including tumor site, vascular invasion (VI), T stage, N stage, preoperative CEA and CA-199 level. ROC curves for the LM nomogram indicated good discrimination in the development cohort (AUC = 0.885, 95% CI 0.854-0.916) and the validation cohort (AUC = 0.857, 95% CI 0.821-0.893). The calibration curve showed that the prediction results of the nomogram was in good agreement with the actual observation results. Moreover, the DCA curves determined the clinical application value of predictive nomogram.ConclusionsThe pathologic-based nomogram could help clinicians to predict the occurrence of synchronous LM in postoperative CRC patients and provide a reference to perform appropriate metastatic screening plans and rational therapeutic options for the special population.