bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound in Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Karlas Thomas , Blank Valentin , Böhlig Albrecht 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHepatic steatosis is a commonly seen phenomenon in clinical practice and is the result of the accumulation of lipids in the hepatocytes. In most cases steatosis refers to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but it also occurs in other diseases of the liver parenchyma of a different etiology and is the result of the dysregulation of metabolic processes. Consequently, inflammatory processes can induce progressive fibrosis. Due to the high prevalence of fatty liver disease, a further increase in metabolic liver cirrhosis with corresponding complications can be expected in the near future. Due to its broad availability, ultrasound is particularly important, especially for the management of NAFLD. In addition to diagnosis and risk stratification, the monitoring of high-risk patients in NAFLD is becoming increasingly clinically important. Multimodality ultrasound includes B-mode and duplex methods, analysis of tissue stiffness (elastography), contrast-enhanced imaging (CEUS), and steatosis quantification. When using ultrasound in fatty liver disease, a standardized approach that takes into account the limitations of the method is essential.
Opioid Mortality Following Implementation of Medical Cannabis
Programs in the United States
Authors: Kaufman Daniel E. , Nihal Asawer M. , Leppo Janan D. , Staples Kelly M. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction The United States is in the midst of an opioid overdose
epidemic. Emerging evidence suggests that medical cannabis (MC) may reduce use
of opioids for pain in some individuals, with potential impacts on
opioid-related overdose. However, there may be other important differences
between states that did, and did not, adopt MC.
Methods This study evaluated differences following legal MC sales on US
opioid-related overdose deaths, corrected for population, from 1999 to 2017
using an interrupted time series. Comparisons by MC status were also made for
Medicaid expansion and the Centers for Disease Control death certificate
reporting quality (0: <good, 1: good, 2: excellent).
Results Overdose deaths were significantly higher in MC states from
2012–2017. Overdose death slopes over time increased in states with
(pre=1.46±0.46, post=2.90±0.58, p<0.05)
and without (pre =0.20±.10, post=1.04±0.22,
p<0.005) MC. Post-legalization slopes were significantly higher in MC
states (p<0.01). Two states without (11.1%) as compared to 11
states with (91.7%) MC expanded Medicaid by 2014
(χ2[1]=19.03, p<0.0005). MC states
(1.50±0.23) had higher death certificate reporting quality relative to
states without MC (0.78±0.22, p<0.05).
Discussion MC states had higher rates of opioid overdoses. Although there
was no decrease in association with MC introduction, these results were
confounded by states without MC having lower overdose reporting quality.
Medicaid expansion was also more common in states with MC. Finally, the potency
of fentanyl analogues may have obscured any protective effects of MC against
illicit opioid harms.
Störungen der Chemosensorik bei Covid-19: Pathomechanismen und klinische Relevanz
Authors: Isenmann Stefan , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Übersichtsarbeit wurden aktuelle Angaben zu Häufigkeit und Relevanz chemosensorischer Störungen bei Covid-19 erfasst, pathophysiologisch zugeordnet und Aussagen zur prognostischen Bedeutung abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche sämtlicher Literatur zu diesem Thema und eigenen Erfahrungen in der Behandlung von Patienten mit Riech- und Schmeckstörungen seit dem Beginn der Pandemie.Bisherige Studienergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass klinisch gering betroffene Covid-19-Patienten ohne stationäre Behandlungs- und Beatmungspflicht häufig Störungen der Chemosensorik aufweisen. Insbesondere bei jungen Patienten und Frauen scheinen sie ein Indikator einer günstigen Prognose des Krankheitsverlaufs zu sein. Riechstörungen können früh, isoliert oder als eines von mehreren Symptomen einer Covid-19-Erkrankung auftreten. Ob eine Ageusie eigenständig auftreten kann oder aber im Rahmen der Anosmie mit empfunden wird, ist noch nicht geklärt. In der Pandemie ist das neue Auftreten einer Anosmie ohne Kongestion / Obstruktion/Schnupfen wahrscheinlich Ausdruck einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 und sollte stets zu Quarantäne und Testung auf SARS-CoV-2 Anlass geben. Die Riechstörung bei Covid-19 scheint meist vorübergehend zu sein; ob es regelhaft zu einer vollständigen Restitution kommt, kann noch nicht abschließend beurteilt werden. Die bereits bei anderen postviralen Riechstörungen etablierten Therapieansätze (z. B. Riechtraining) kommen auch hier zum Einsatz.
A Review of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Thoracolumbar Trauma
Authors: Raheja Amol , Tandon Vivek , Garg Kanwaljeet , Sinha Sumit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of endoscopy, microscopy, and image guidance system provided the impetus for the adoption of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques in the management of spinal trauma patients. The underlying drive has been an attempt to achieve the functional and biomechanical goals inherent to trauma care but through MIS techniques. Broadly the MIS techniques for spinal trauma can be divided into two categories—fusion and nonfusion methods. Fusion methods include mini-open or keyhole approaches that allow for discectomy and/or corpectomy and cage reconstruction via an anterior/lateral/posterior operative corridor. The nonfusion methods primarily include percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, kyphoplasty, and vertebroplasty, all without placement of bone graft or other attempts at inducing arthrodesis. In this review article, we have stratified the MIS techniques based on the operative corridor used and briefly described the decision-making process, technical nuances, pros, and cons of each technique.
Minimally Invasive Management of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Madiedo Andrea , Hall Jason 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraditionally, management of complicated diverticular disease has involved open damage control operations with large definitive resections and colostomies. Studies are now showing that in a subset of patients who would typically have undergone an open Hartmann's procedure for Hinchey III/IV diverticulitis, a laparoscopic approach is equally safe, and has better outcomes. Similar patients may be good candidates for primary anastomosis to avoid the morbidity and subsequent reversal of a colostomy.While most operations for diverticulitis across the country are still performed open, there has been an incremental shift in practice toward minimally invasive approaches in the elective setting. The most recent data from large trials, most notably the SIGMA trial, found laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy is associated with fewer short-term and long-term complications, decreased pain, improvement in length of stay, and maintains better cost-effectiveness than open resections. Some studies even demonstrate that robotic sigmoid resections can maintain a similar if not more reduction in morbidity as the laparoscopic approach while still remaining cost-effective.Intraoperative approaches also factor into improving outcomes. One of the most feared complications in colorectal surgery is anastomotic leak, and many studies have sought to find ways to minimize this risk. Factors to consider to minimize incidence of leak are the creation of tension-free anastomoses, amount of contamination, adequacy of blood supply, and a patient's use of steroids. Techniques supported by data that decrease anastomotic leaks include preoperative oral antibiotic and mechanical bowel prep, intraoperative splenic flexure mobilization, low-tie ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, and use of indocyanine green immunofluorescence to assess perfusion.In summary, the management of benign diverticular disease is shifting from open, morbid operations for a very common disease to a minimally invasive approach. In this article, we review those approaches shown to have better outcomes, greater patient satisfaction, and fewer complications.
Trend Analysis of Head and Neck Neoplasms between 2012–2018 in Patients Residing in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alsharif Maha T. , Alsharif Alla T. , Krsoum Majid A. , Aljohani Mazen A. , Qadiri Osama M. , Alharbi Abdulkarim A. , Al-Maweri Sadeq A. , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Kassim Saba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives This study sought to present a view of head and neck neoplasms (HNN) prevalence with specific focus on sociodemographic determinants in Al-Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods This was a hospital-based retrospective study based on retrieval of histopathological data for a period of 6 years between 2012 and 2018. Data was collected from the archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory at King Fahad Hospital (the only referral center for biopsy services) in Al-Madinah City.
Statistical Analysis An independent t-test and/or nonparametric (Mann–Whitney U test, chi-squared test) tests were used to determine the differences between groups. Statistical significance was set at the p-value < 0.05.
Results Out of 96 patients, a total of 58 patients had valid biopsy data with preoperative diagnosis. Over three quarters of the cases (n = 44) were benign with only 24% were malignant. Males were more likely to be diagnosed with a benign tumor than females (54.5 vs. 45.6%, respectively), and malignancy was also more common in males (64.3 vs. 24.1). A significant difference was found in relation to mean age of older patients who were more likely to be diagnosed with malignant tumors (p = 0.001).
Conclusions The findings suggest that most of biopsied HNN cases are benign neoplasms. Age is a significant risk factor for head and neck malignancy in this region. Delays in diagnosis of HNN need to be explored.
Preservation Rhinoplasty: Evolution and Current State of Practice in the United States
Authors: Patel Priyesh N. , Friedman Oren , Kandathil Cherian K. , Most Sam P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClassic Joseph hump reduction techniques have been a hallmark of current rhinoplasty practice and teaching. Recently, there has been a renewed global interest in preservation rhinoplasty techniques, although these techniques are not new. The work and techniques of innovative surgeons including Goodale, Lothrop, and Cottle describing preservation concepts from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century were not as prevalently adopted as open structural approaches. As such, there has been a relative paucity in both research and teaching of preservation techniques—particularly in the United States. A survey of members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and The Rhinoplasty Society (145 respondents) demonstrates that while 15 (10%) of surgeons are not at all familiar with dorsal preservation surgery, 130 (90%) were. In the group that was familiar with dorsal preservation, the majority were only somewhat familiar (84, 65%) with these techniques. Only 11 respondents received any formal training in dorsal preservation techniques during residency or fellowship. 61 (42%) had attended a course or conference in which dorsal preservation techniques were discussed. One-hundred twenty-two survey respondents (84.1%) do not currently implement preservation techniques into their rhinoplasty practice. Twelve (8%) respondents implement it in <25% of cases, 5 (3%) in 25 to 50% of cases, and 6 (4%) in >50% of cases. As research and formal training in preservation rhinoplasty grow, familiarity and implementation of these techniques will likely also grow in the United States.
Evaluation of the Secretor Status of ABO Blood Group Antigens in Saliva using Absorption Inhibition Method
Authors: Tejasvi M.L Avinash , Bukkya Jaya Laksmi , Rao Pandu Ranga , Bhayya Harsha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives While DNA profiling has become the principal technique for individualization of biological evidences, ABO blood grouping is still a useful test method in the initial stages of crime investigation. Objectives of the study were blood group determination using slide agglutination method, blood group determination from saliva using absorption inhibition method, and comparison of slide agglutination method with that of absorption inhibition method from saliva sample.Materials and Methods A total of 60 subjects were taken randomly with their age ranging from 20 to 60 years. Sixty subjects were divided in to two groups, study group and control group. 5 to 10 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from 60 patients and Wieners agglutination test was performed to detect the secretor status of blood using absorption inhibition method and compared with that of slide agglutination methodResults Out of 60 subjects, 52 subjects showed secretors of antigen in saliva with percentage value of 86.66% and eight subjects were nonsecretors (13.33%). Slightly higher percentage of secretor status was seen in males 84.6 and 88.2% in females.Conclusion Evaluation of secretor status of blood group antigen from saliva using absorption inhibition method can be useful method in identification of medicolegal cases.
History of Dorsum Conservative Techniques in Rhinoplasty: The Evolution of a Revived Technique
Authors: Arancibia-Tagle Diego , Neves José Carlos , D'Souza Alwyn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe correction and management of the nasal hump has been a classic problem in rhinoplasty since the beginning of the aesthetic purpose of this surgery. For many years, the resective technique described by Joseph has been the battle horse to solve this problem but it has several drawbacks if not done properly. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a new dorsal conservative technique was born and for several years was an alternative option to treat the same problem without damaging the keystone area while preserving the dorsal connection between the upper lateral cartilage and the septum. The aim of this article is to review the history and evolution of this technique, which has been reborn after several years, and how it has evolved since then.
Cytokine Profile in Children with Severe Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Rodríguez-Rubio Miguel , Menéndez-Suso Juan J. , Cámara-Hijón Carmen , Río-García Miguel , Laplaza-González María , Amores-Hernández Irene , Romero-Gómez María P. , Álvarez-Rojas Elena , Salas-Mera Diana , López-Granados Eduardo , de la Oliva Pedro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel and concerning entity related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although MIS-C has been the subject of intensive research efforts, its pathophysiology and optimal treatment remain elusive. We studied the clinical features, laboratory findings, and immunoinflammatory profiles of seven children prospectively admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during the first wave of the pandemic. All patients had immunoglobulin (Ig)-G against SARS-CoV-2, four of seven patients had both IgM and IgG, and in one of the 7 SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a respiratory sample. All patients received intravenous fluid boluses (median: 15 mL/kg) and norepinephrine. The most common form of respiratory support was supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula. None of the patients needed mechanical ventilation. The cardiovascular system was frequently involved. All patients had an elevated troponin-I (median: 107.3 ng/L). Four out of seven patients had coronary artery abnormalities, and two of seven had both abnormal electrocardiogram (EKG) findings and evidence of left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram. Ig levels and complement function were normal. Peripheral blood phenotyping with flow cytometry showed decreased T-cell numbers at the expense of CD8+ T-cells. Cytokine profiling showed a heterogeneous increase in interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-18, IL-2Ra, IL-10, and IL-1Ra that tended to normalize after treatment. Our study shows that children with MIS-C have elevated plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of the disease without other relevant immunologic disturbances. These findings suggest the presence of a mixed antagonist response syndrome (MARS) similar to that present in pediatric sepsis. Combining a meticulous differential diagnosis with cautiously coordinated immunomodulatory therapy and high-quality supportive care can help clinicians avoid causing iatrogenic harm in patients with MIS-C.
Patient Satisfaction with Absorbable Anchoring Facial Threads
Authors: Ziade Georges , Daou Dayane , Karam Desiree 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate satisfaction in terms of facial appearance, quality of life, and adverse effects in patients undergoing the facial thread lifting procedure using the absorbable facial threads anchored on the superficial and deep temporal fascias. The charts of patients for whom facial anchored thread lifting was performed using absorbable threads between February 2017 and September 2019 were reviewed. Demographic data including age and gender as well as data from the Face-Q scales were collected. Descriptive analysis was made for the adverse effects 1 week after the procedure. The mean value of adverse effects scales was compared 1 and 2 weeks after the procedure and also the mean values of facial appearance and quality-of-life scales were compared at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure. All recruited subjects were females with a mean age of 43.42 years. There was a statistically significant decrease in the rate of adverse effects following the procedure between the first and second week. The mean difference in patients' perceived age 6 and 12 months after the procedure was statistically significant when compared with baseline. The psychological distress significantly decreased and the psychological function improved 6 and 12 months after the procedure. The overall satisfaction with facial appearance increased significantly after 6 months with a mean of 20.08. This was maintained at 12 months. The satisfaction in skin appearance, cheeks, nasolabial folds, marionettes, lower face, and jawline appearances improved significantly 6 months after the procedure. This was also maintained at 12 months. Face lifting using the polycaprolactone threads anchored on the temporalis fascia showed a significant improvement in the quality of life and facial appearance. The adverse effects are tolerable starting 2 weeks after the procedure.
Prudential supervisory disclosure (PSD) with supervisory technology (SupTech): lessons from a FinTech crisis
Authors: Zeranski Stefan , Sancak Ibrahim E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe U.S. financial markets faced an unprecedented rapid decline and recovery on May 6, 2010, known as the May 6 flash crash. Roughly one trillion $ market value in less than thirty minutes vanished with the biggest one-day point decline in the history of the DJIA at the time. Since the market events took place in electronic markets, and algorithmic trading and high-frequency trading, parts of FinTech, played significant roles, we handle the May 6 flash crash from the FinTech, SupTech, and financial supervision perspectives. With the flashback method, we analyzed the reactions of market participants, media, and two financial supervisors, the SEC, and the CFTC, to the market crash. We find that the technological imbalance between financial markets or institutions and their supervisors drove the markets in uncertainty, hence in a fear and panic environment. Since the imbalance has not diminished yet, the same risks still exist. As a remedy, we introduce a new concept and model with a well-functioning SupTech system to cope with the May 6 type FinTech crises.
Identification of tetracycline combinations as EphB1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud S. , Wang Ping , Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Nhi , Nakada Yuji , Menendez-Montes Ivan , Ismail Muhammad , Bachoo Robert , Henkemeyer Mark , Sadek Hesham A. , Kandil Enas S. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Chronic pain is one of the most pressing national healthcare problems, and as a result, chronic pain was named by the NIH as the “silent epidemic.” Consequentially, chronic pain has directly contributed to the disproportionate increase in opioid use in America. However, thus far, there has been little progress in discovery of alternative noninvasive therapeutics for chronic pain. The current report outlines the repurposing of three tetracyclines for treatment of neuropathic pain by targeting the catalytic domain of EphB1 kinase. These results can be readily applicable clinically for treatment of neuropathic pain and provide proof of concept for the development of molecules for targeting Eph/ephrin-mediated pathologies.
Identifying vital nodes by Achlioptas process
Authors: Qiu Zhihao , Fan Tianlong , Li Ming , Lü Linyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The vital nodes are the ones that play an important role in the organization of network structure or the dynamical behaviors of networked systems. Previous studies usually applied the node centralities to quantify the importance of nodes. Realizing that the percolation clusters are dominated by local connections in the subcritical phase and by global connections in the supercritical phase, in this paper we propose a new method to identify the vital nodes via a competitive percolation process that is based on an Achlioptas process. Compared with the existing node centrality indices, the new method performs overall better in identifying the vital nodes that maintain network connectivity and facilitate network synchronization when considering different network structure characteristics, such as link density, degree distribution, assortativity, and clustering. We also find that our method is more tolerant of noisy data and missing data. More importantly, compared with the unique ranking list of nodes given by most centrality methods, the randomness of the percolation process expands the possibility space of the optimal solutions, which is of great significance in practical applications.
Bilinear dynamic mode decomposition for quantum control
Authors: Goldschmidt Andy , Kaiser E , DuBois J L , Brunton S L , Kutz J N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Data-driven methods for establishing quantum optimal control (QOC) using time-dependent control pulses tailored to specific quantum dynamical systems and desired control objectives are critical for many emerging quantum technologies. We develop a data-driven regression procedure, bilinear dynamic mode decomposition (biDMD), that leverages time-series measurements to establish quantum system identification for QOC. The biDMD optimization framework is a physics-informed regression that makes use of the known underlying Hamiltonian structure. Further, the biDMD can be modified to model both fast and slow sampling of control signals, the latter by way of stroboscopic sampling strategies. The biDMD method provides a flexible, interpretable, and adaptive regression framework for real-time, online implementation in quantum systems. Further, the method has strong theoretical connections to Koopman theory, which approximates nonlinear dynamics with linear operators. In comparison with many machine learning paradigms minimal data is needed to construct a biDMD model, and the model is easily updated as new data is collected. We demonstrate the efficacy and performance of the approach on a number of representative quantum systems, showing that it also matches experimental results.