bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Minimally Morphologically Destructive Approach for DNA Retrieval and Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Pinned Historic Dipteran Vector Species
Authors: Korlević Petra , McAlister Erica , Mayho Matthew , Makunin Alex , Flicek Paul , Lawniczak Mara K N 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMuseum collections contain enormous quantities of insect specimens collected over the past century, covering a period of increased and varied insecticide usage. These historic collections are therefore incredibly valuable as genomic snapshots of organisms before, during, and after exposure to novel selective pressures. However, these samples come with their own challenges compared with present-day collections, as they are fragile and retrievable DNA is low yield and fragmented. In this article, we tested several DNA extraction procedures across pinned historic Diptera specimens from four disease vector genera: Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Glossina. We identify an approach that minimizes morphological damage while maximizing DNA retrieval for Illumina library preparation and sequencing that can accommodate the fragmented and low yield nature of historic DNA. We identify several key points in retrieving sufficient DNA while keeping morphological damage to a minimum: an initial rehydration step, a short incubation without agitation in a modified low salt Proteinase K buffer (referred to as “lysis buffer C” throughout), and critical point drying of samples post-extraction to prevent tissue collapse caused by air drying. The suggested method presented here provides a solid foundation for exploring the genomes and morphology of historic Diptera collections.
DNA Transposon Expansion is Associated with Genome Size Increase in Mudminnows
Authors: Lehmann Robert , Kovařík Aleš , Ocalewicz Konrad , Kirtiklis Lech , Zuccolo Andrea , Tegner Jesper N , Wanzenböck Josef , Bernatchez Louis , Lamatsch Dunja K , Symonová Radka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenome sizes of eukaryotic organisms vary substantially, with whole-genome duplications (WGD) and transposable element expansion acting as main drivers for rapid genome size increase. The two North American mudminnows, Umbra limi and Umbra pygmaea, feature genomes about twice the size of their sister lineage Esocidae (e.g., pikes and pickerels). However, it is unknown whether all Umbra species share this genome expansion and which causal mechanisms drive this expansion. Using flow cytometry, we find that the genome of the European mudminnow is expanded similarly to both North American species, ranging between 4.5 and 5.4 pg per diploid nucleus. Observed blocks of interstitially located telomeric repeats in U. limi suggest frequent Robertsonian rearrangements in its history. Comparative analyses of transcriptome and genome assemblies show that the genome expansion in Umbra is driven by the expansion of DNA transposon and unclassified repeat sequences without WGD. Furthermore, we find a substantial ongoing expansion of repeat sequences in the Alaska blackfish Dallia pectoralis, the closest relative to the family Umbridae, which might mark the beginning of a similar genome expansion. Our study suggests that the genome expansion in mudminnows, driven mainly by transposon expansion, but not WGD, occurred before the separation into the American and European lineage.
Physical Activity Scaled to Preferred Walking Speed as a Predictor of Walking Difficulty in Older Adults: A 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Karavirta Laura , Leppä Heidi , Rantalainen Timo , Eronen Johanna , Portegijs Erja , Rantanen Taina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe usual accelerometry-based measures of physical activity (PA) are dependent on physical performance. We investigated the associations between PA relative to walking performance and the prevalence and incidence of early and advanced walking difficulties compared to generally used measures of PA.MethodsPerceived walking difficulty was evaluated in 994 community-dwelling participants at baseline (age 75, 80, or 85 years) and 2 years later over 2 km (early difficulty) and 500 m (advanced difficulty). We used a thigh-mounted accelerometer to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA, daily mean acceleration, and relative PA as movement beyond the intensity of preferred walking speed in a 6-minute walking test (PArel). Self-reported PA was assessed using questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence and incidence were 36.2% and 18.9% for early and 22.4% and 14.9% for advanced walking difficulty, respectively. PArel was lower in participants with prevalent (mean 42 [SD 45] vs 69 [91] min/week, p &lt; .001) but not incident early walking difficulty (53 [75] vs 72 [96] min/week, p = .15) compared to those without difficulty. The associations between absolute measures of PA and incident walking difficulty were attenuated when adjusted for preferred walking speed.ConclusionsThe variation in habitual PA may not explain the differences in the development of new walking difficulty. Differences in physical performance explain a meaningful part of the association of PA with incident walking difficulty. Scaling of accelerometry to preferred walking speed demonstrated independence on physical performance and warrants future study as a promising indicator of PA in observational studies among older adults.
Care Received and Unmet Care Needs Among Older Parents in Biological and Step Families
Authors: Patterson Sarah E , Schoeni Robert F , Freedman Vicki A , Seltzer Judith A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIncreased likelihood of having step children among more recent cohorts of older adults, alongside lower levels of assistance from step children, has led to concerns about greater unmet needs for older parents in step families. However, few studies have directly examined family structure and unmet needs. We examined the associations between having step children (vs. only biological children) and receiving care from adult children, and unmet needs for assistance.MethodsUsing the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study, we investigated among older parents with care needs whether levels of care received from adult children and unmet needs differed between those with biological versus step families. We also explored whether a partner or paid care compensated for observed differences.ResultsOlder parents in need of care were more than twice as likely to receive care from their adult children if they had biological instead of step families. Unmet needs among older parents did not differ by family structure, nor did levels of partner or paid care.DiscussionResults illustrate that concerns about the implications of the rising prevalence of step families for care parents receive from their children may be warranted. However, there is a lack of evidence of greater unmet need for care for older parents in step families, as risks of unmet needs are high for older parents regardless of family type.
Successful Family-Driven Intervention in Elder Family Financial Exploitation: A Case Study
Authors: Kilaberia Tina R , Stum Marlene S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe prevalence and consequences of elder family financial exploitation reinforce the need for a range of effective intervention strategies. This article describes how and why one family successfully intervened in the family-based financial exploitation, constructing, and achieving meaningful processes and outcomes for the specific family and context.Research Design and MethodsCase data analysis and interpretation were guided by Stake’s (2015) systematic phases of case summary (factual information), inductive case themes (issue relevant meanings), and case features (abstractions to the existing knowledge). The case was selected from a larger study examining the meaning and experience of elder family financial exploitation based on the following case boundaries: reliance on family members with minimal private sector support, no report to the authorities, and successful outcomes for the victim, perpetrator, and the family system.ResultsThe case family successfully resolved family-based financial exploitation by (a) honoring the victim’s wishes, (b) providing support and accountability for the perpetrator, (c) restoring family relationships and functioning, and (d) family-driven decision making. A family systems approach and the application of restorative justice principles are identified as overarching case features.Discussion and ImplicationsAs a study of a previously undocumented experience of successful family involvement, the case findings are useful for researchers and practitioners when constructing and examining the effectiveness of future intervention strategies.
The Moderating Role of Race and Ethnicity in the Relationship Between Negative Family Interactions and Mental Health Among Older Adults
Authors: Wang Fei , Nguyen Ann W , Lincoln Karen D , Qin Weidi , Hamler Tyrone 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStudies generally show that negative social interactions are detrimental to mental health for older adults. Furthermore, empirical evidence suggests that negative interactions may function differently in relation to mental health across racial/ethnic groups given their unique life circumstances and social conditions. This study examines whether the association between negative family interactions and mental health outcomes varies by race and ethnicity.Research Design and MethodsSamples of older African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Latino Whites aged 55 and older were drawn from the National Survey of American Life (N = 1,439). Mental health variables included depressive symptoms, any lifetime disorder according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), and number of lifetime DSM-IV disorders. Regression models were used to test the study aim.ResultsAnalyses indicated that negative interactions with family were positively associated with all 3 mental health outcomes. Several racial/ethnic differences emerged. The association between negative family interactions and depressive symptoms was stronger among Whites than African Americans. While negative family interactions were positively associated with number of disorders among Caribbean Blacks, negative interactions were unrelated to number of disorders among African Americans.Discussion and ImplicationsThis study demonstrates the racial and ethnic differences in diverse aging populations and the importance of recognizing the heterogeneity of the Black American population in minority research. Clinical practice should focus on reducing negative family interactions, and future research should examine whether psychosocial resources (e.g., stress appraisals, neighborhood social cohesion, and religious practices) can attenuate the association between negative family interactions and mental health for older African Americans.
Introducing the Practice Dive Approach: an extension of co-creation in physical activity promotion and health promotion
Authors: Popp Johanna , Carl Johannes , Grüne Eva , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Recently, there has been increasing interest in co-creation utilized for physical activity (PA) promotion and health promotion. Co-creation involves researchers and non-academic stakeholders conjointly developing and implementing interventions. In addition to the frequently reported benefits of co-creation, critical voices highlight the associated challenges (e.g. different interests that inhibit interaction). So far, research has not identified concrete solutions to these challenges and the limitations of co-creation. This article aims to introduce the Practice Dive Approach as a potential way to strengthen cooperation between researchers and non-academic stakeholders. We build on real-life experiences from a German research project, in which researchers moved into practice to familiarize themselves with the settings and end-users. After conducting a literature search on related concepts in PA/health promotion, we developed a comprehensive approach to fostering multi-sectoral cooperation. The introduced Practice Dive Approach assumes that a significant contribution to better cooperation among co-creators is the temporal immersion of researchers in their setting of interest, which has the potential to improve the success of co-creation in the PA/health promotion field. A four-level typology characterizes the intensity of researcher interactions with the setting and the non-academic stakeholders. Potential beneficial effects for both researchers and non-academic stakeholders can be hypothesized (e.g. familiarity with the setting structures and increased understanding of the end-users), while simultaneously, some challenges need to be considered. Future research should aim to validate the concept and its postulated effects.
Foreign policy thought in Weimar’s ‘conservative revolution’: realpolitik or a question of being?
Authors: Nedzynski Nicholas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article illuminates a neglected aspect of conservative revolutionary ideology: namely, foreign policy. It shows that the conservative revolution was united by more than opposition to political liberalism, while simultaneously considering the different tendencies and tensions at work within the current. It proves that the foreign political agendas championed by conservative revolutionaries share the cultural impulses and metaphysical basis that characterize their ideals in other spheres. This elucidates the relationship between the ‘spiritual’ and the ‘political’ that permeates conservative revolutionary thinking. These aims are achieved through a close, comparative analysis of original texts, in concert with a thematic approach.
Exosomal transfer of activated neutrophil-derived lncRNA CRNDE promotes proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells in asthma
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Chen Zhuo-Chang , Li Nan , Wang Zhi-Hua , Guo Ya-Li , Tian Cui-Jie , Cheng Dong-Jun , Tang Xue-Yi , Zhang Luo-Xian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractActivated neutrophil-derived exosomes reportedly contribute to the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), thereby aggravating the airway wall remodeling during asthma; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-EXO and si-CRNDE-EXO were extracted from the media of human neutrophils treated with LPS and LPS + si-CRNDE (a siRNA targets long non-coding RNA CRNDE), respectively. Human ASMCs were co-cultured with LPS-EXO or si-CRNDE-EXO, and cell viability, proliferation and migration were measured. The interplay of colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 (TAK1) was explored using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Co-IP assays. A mouse model of asthma was induced using ovalbumin. CRNDE was upregulated in LPS-EXO and successfully transferred from LPS-treated neutrophils to ASMCs through exosome. Mechanically, CRNDE loaded in LPS-EXO reinforced TAK1-mediated IKKβ phosphorylation, thereby activating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Functionally, silencing CRNDE in LPS-EXO, an IKKβ inhibitor, and an NF-κB inhibitor all removed the upregulation of cell viability, proliferation and migration induced by LPS-EXO in ASMCs. In the end, the in vivo experiment demonstrated that CRNDE knockdown in neutrophils effectively reduced the thickness of bronchial smooth muscle in a mouse model for asthma. Activated neutrophils-derived CRNDE was transferred to ASMCs through exosomes and activated the NF-κB pathway by enhancing IKKβ phosphorylation. The latter promoted the proliferation and migration of ASMCs and then contributed to airway remodeling in asthma.
FUS-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by inhibiting GSK-3β in aDrosophilamodel of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Choi Hyun-Jun , Lee Ji Young , Cha Sun Joo , Han Yeo Jeong , Yoon Ja Hoon , Kim Hyung-Jun , Kim Kiyoung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked mutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) lead to the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates in neurons. They are believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of FUS-associated ALS. Therefore, the clearance and degradation of cytoplasmic FUS aggregates in neurons may be considered a therapeutic strategy for ALS. However, the molecular pathogenic mechanisms behind FUS-associated ALS remain poorly understood. Here, we report GSK-3β as a potential modulator of FUS-induced toxicity. We demonstrated that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Drosophila ortholog Shaggy in FUS-expressing flies suppresses defective phenotypes, including retinal degeneration, motor defects, motor neuron degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that cytoplasmic FUS aggregates were significantly reduced by Shaggy knockdown. In addition, we found that the levels of FUS proteins were significantly reduced by co-overexpression of Slimb, a F-box protein, in FUS-expressing flies, indicating that Slimb is critical for the suppressive effect of Shaggy/GSK-3β inhibition on FUS-induced toxicity in Drosophila. These findings revealed a novel mechanism of neuronal protective effect through SCFSlimb-mediated FUS degradation via GSK-3β inhibition, and provided in vivo evidence of the potential for modulating FUS-induced ALS progression using GSK-3β inhibitors.
A realist evaluation of the individual transferable quota system used in Finnish herring fisheries
Authors: Hanstén Magnus , Haapasaari Päivi , Kuikka Sakari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rights-based management, such as the individual transferable quota (ITQ) system, is a popular approach for pursuing economic, social, and environmental sustainability in fisheries, with a variety of outcomes. This variety appears to be explained by the contextual differences between the targeted fisheries. By acknowledging that each fishery is unique, we need to apply holistic evaluation methods to understand the mechanisms causing different outcomes in fisheries interventions. Here, we apply the realist evaluation (RE) approach to evaluate the ITQ system implemented in the Finnish herring fishery. This study serves two purposes: (1) it outlines the realized outcomes of the Finnish management system in relation to the expected outcomes and (2) it introduces the RE method to the field of fisheries management. Measured in economic terms, the results indicate the new management system to be a success, although the benefits are more prominent for large-scale fishers. The context did not allow small-scale fishers to reap the theorized benefits of the ITQ system, leading to a somewhat more uncertain future for the sector. The RE approach proved to be a useful tool, well-suited to the evaluation of fisheries management systems.
Social and emotional factors as predictors of poor outcomes following cardiac surgery
Authors: Cromhout Pernille Fevejle , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Moons Philip , Nashef Samer , Damgaard Sune , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESExisting risk prediction models in cardiac surgery stratify individuals based on their predicted risk, including only medical and physiological factors. However, the complex nature of risk assessment and the lack of parameters representing non-medical aspects of patients’ lives point towards the need for a broader paradigm in cardiac surgery. Objectives were to evaluate the predictive value of emotional and social factors on 4 outcomes; death within 90 days, prolonged stay in intensive care (≥72 h), prolonged hospital admission (≥10 days) and readmission within 90 days following cardiac surgery, as a supplement to traditional risk assessment by European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE).METHODSThe study included adults undergoing cardiac surgery in Denmark 2014–2017 including information on register-based socio-economic factors, and, in a nested subsample, self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, adjusted for EuroSCORE, of variables reflecting social and emotional factors.RESULTSAmongst 7874 included patients, lower educational level (odds ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.51) and living alone (1.25; 1.14–1.38) were associated with prolonged hospital admission after adjustment for EuroSCORE. Lower educational level was also associated with prolonged intensive care unit stay (1.27; 1.00–1.63). Having a high income was associated with decreased odds of prolonged hospital admission (0.78; 0.70–0.87). No associations or predictive value for symptoms of anxiety or depression were found on any outcomes.CONCLUSIONSSocial disparity is predictive of poor outcomes following cardiac surgery. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are frequent especially amongst patients with a high-risk profile according to EuroSCORE.Subj collection105, 123
The difference in postoperative pulmonary functional change between upper and lower thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Tane Shinya , Kitazume Mai , Fujibayashi Yusuke , Kuroda Sanae , Kimura Kenji , Kitamura Yoshitaka , Takenaka Daisuke , Nishio Wataru 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Through 3-dimensional lung volumetric and morphological analyses, we aimed to evaluate the difference in postoperative functional changes between upper and lower thoracoscopic lobectomy.

METHODS
A total of 145 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic upper lobectomy (UL) were matched with 145 patients with lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lower lobectomy (LL) between April 2012 and December 2018, based on their sex, age, smoking history, operation side, and pulmonary function. Spirometry and computed tomography were performed before and 6 months after the operation. In addition, the postoperative pulmonary function, volume and morphological changes between the 2 groups were compared.

RESULTS
The rate of postoperative decreased and the ratio of actual to predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s were significantly higher after LL than after UL (P &lt; 0.001 for both). The tendency above was similar irrespective of the resected side. The postoperative actual volumes of the ipsilateral residual lobe and contralateral lung were larger than the preoperatively measured volumes in each side lobectomy. Moreover, the increased change was particularly remarkable in the middle lobe after right LL. The change in the D-value, representing the structural complexity of the lung, was better maintained in the left lung after LL than after UL (P = 0.042).

CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary function after thoracoscopic LL was superior to that after UL because the upward displacement and the pulmonary reserves of the remaining lobe appeared more robust after LL.