bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leishmanicidal activity of Artemisinin against cutaneous Leishmaniasis, in Vitro
Authors: Hassan Guffran M. , Ali Hayder Z. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease in tropical countries, including Iraq. Several studies have sought to examine chemotherapies for leishmaniasis treatment but most of them are of toxic and/or undesirable side effect, therefore, the need for investigating new fewer toxic therapies is essential.
Aim of study: In this study, the cytotoxic effect of Artemisinin (ART), a novel herbal compound, was screened against the two forms, promastigotes and amastigotes, of the Iraqi isolate of Leishmania tropica, the causative agent of Baghdad boil.
Material and methods: Different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.6 and 7.8) µM of Artemisinin were screened to investigate the leishmanicidal activity of the herbal compound against the two forms of the parasite along three times of follow up (24, 48, 72) hour using MTT cytotoxicity assay.
Results: The results showed that growth rate and cell viability were significantly decreased at all studied concentrations. The IC50 was measured after 72 hours of follow up and was 2.625 µM and 2.636 µM for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively.
Conclusion: These findings approved the leishmanicidal efficacy of Artemisinin against the of L. tropica and can be further studied to screen its effectiveness in vivo for exploring a safer herbal drug for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Molecular evaluation of salt tolerance induced by sodium azide in immature embryos of two wheat cultivars
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed A. , Al-falahi Ayoob , Hamedullah Majeed S. , Al-Hattab Zahraa N. 
Published: November 2021

Background: The artificial induction of mutations represents an efficient tool in creating genetic variations. For this reason, the current study was carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory/Genetic Engineering Institute to induce genetic diversity for salt tolerance in two local cultivars of bread wheat (Al-Iraq and Tamooz 2) using in vitro application of sodium azide (SA).
Objective: Immature seeds from both cultivars subjected to 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Mm of SA to determine the optimal concentration for developing novel mutants.
Materials and methods: The optimal dose of SA mutagen was found to be 2.0 mM, resulting in a 42% reduction in callus fresh and dry weight. The developed callus was subjected to five different salinity levels using NaCl (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 dS m-1).
Results: Mutants showed a significant decrease in the percentage of regenerated plants under salinity stress conditions. The used SSR markers approved the genetic diversity between the original and the mutants of the two cultivars (Al-Iraq and Tamooz 2) growing under normal and salinity stress. The presences and the absence of some fragments was prominent in plants derived from immature embryos of the two cultivars tested in salinity conditions. The used SSR markers (cfd 9, cfd4, cfd1 wmc405, PYL5, HKT1, HVA1 and htk1) were so efficient in distinguishing between the original and tissue culture-derived plants. Furthermore, the experienced SA levels induced a higher rate of mutant alleles in cv.
Conclusion: Al-Iraq with 19 mutant alleles than Tamooz 2 which showed only 13 mutant alleles. The current study represents an additional prove to the effectiveness of mutagens and tissue culture technique in developing novel variants with improved performance under stress conditions.
Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of cyproterone acetate against cancer cells and normal cells
Authors: Al-Saily Hala M. , Al-Halbosiy Mohammad , Al-Hady Faris N. 
Published: November 2021

Back ground: Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a steroidal anti-androgen inhibits the testosterone and DHT action it is used as a medicine for prostate cancer by association with the androgen receptors located on the surface of prostate cells, thus preventing the association of testosterone with receptors.
Objective: Investigation of the anticancer activities of Cyproterone acetate against cancer cell lines testicular (Tera-1), macrophage (RAW 264.7) in comparison to non- tumorigenic fetal hepatic cell line (WRL-68).
Material and method: The cytotoxic effect of CPA was investigated according to selected parameters including: MTT assay as assay of cell function to determined cell viability, high content screening (HCS) technique for the apoptosis of cell. Only the most cytotoxic concentration of CPA and the most sensitive cells as assayed by MTT was selected to complete the other test: (HCS). (MTT) assay was carried out at the Centre of Biotechnology Research’s, Al- NahrainUniversityBaghdad,Iraq . The HCS assay was performed at the Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, KualaLumpur, Malaysia
Results: The most significant cytotoxic effect of Cyproterone acetate towards 2 cancer cell lines was obtained when its concentration was 1.25mg/mL. The Tera-1 Cells were more sensitive to Cyproterone acetate compared with RAW264.7 and WRL-68. cells. There was a significant decrease in valid cell count, nuclear intensity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) when CPA (400 μg/mL)was used compared with doxorubicin (20 μg/mL) as a standard. Also, there was a significant increase in membrane permeability and cytochrome C releasing when CPA (400μg/ml) was used compared with positive control.
Conclusion: CPA showed cytotoxic effects against the Tera-1 and RAW264.7 cancer cell lines while the WRL-68. Cells was not affected as determined in-vitro by the MTT assay. The HCStechnique also showed toxic effect towards Tera-1.
The clinical aspect of overweight on rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity
Authors: Ahmed Haitham , Al-Sadoon Tagreed A. , Khudhair Khudhair A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To investigate the influence of obesity on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients and to determine a probable connection with the acute phase response. Materials and methods: The recruited patients satisfied the criteria from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). To evaluate the body mass index (BMI), anthropometric tests were carried out at the Rheumatology Department at Baquba Teaching Hospital, which has a consultation unit. The serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) were measured from blood samples taken through the particle-enhanced (latex) immunonephelometry assays on the genius analyser (CO, Ltd. China) and test kits from IMTEC-CCP-Antibodies. RF screen and serological tests (latex) were carried out to determine the C-reactive protein (CRP), measure Hb and the total WBCs count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also carried out. Results: The current study findings from the sample of RA patients showed that the proportion of patients falling into the overweight classification (BMI 25-29) was 80.6% while the obese classification (BMI 30-35) was 33.33%. Among the RF and ACCP-positive cases, a marginally stronger relationship between the development of RA and the history of obesity was found. Additionally, a significant correlation between acute phase response and free mass was found in RA patients (anti-CCP p-value≤ 0.00021 ESR p≤ 0.00072 Hb p≤ 0.00054, and W.B.C p =≤ 0.000.94, CRP p≤1). Conclusion: The present study’s findings show an elevated prevalence of high body mass among the RA patients. Furthermore, a linear association existed between the fat free mass and the acute phase response.
Comparison of the possible side effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on renal function in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Abdulbari Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are two main immunosuppressants of kidney transplant patients and are commonly used in hospitals with renal transplantation.
Aim of the study: The goal of this study is to demonstrate potential harmful effects, not only from kidney failure as a disease, but also the use of immunosuppressants before and after renal transplants.
Materials and Methods: An analysis of tacrolimus or cyclosporine immunosuppressive regimes has been conducted in Baghdad hospital using data from patients with kidney transplants. The study excluded patients who received other types of immune suppressant drugs, and those who switched from cyclosporine to tacrolimus.
Conclusion: Effectiveness and side effects should be tested in kidney transplantation patients with cyclosporin and tacrolimus and other immunosuppressive medications, tacrolimus treated patient has shown an increase in glucose level and decrease in WBC , hemoglobin and calcium level in comparing to cyclosporine treated group.

This finding may allow scientists and physicians to make a better choice between immunosuppressive drugs according to the patient's medical condition.
Study The Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Lepidium draba on Some Skin Infectious Agents
Authors: Najim Rayhana Saad , Hasan Zainab Yaseen M. , Al-Chalabi Rawaa 
Published: November 2021

Background: medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals, which represent the richest bioresource of drugs are used against various diseases.
Objective: The present study included an in-vitro antimicrobial investigation for one of wild Iraqi plant Lepidium draba on some skin infectious agents.
Methods: The fresh aerial plant parts were macerated in 80% ethanol and subjected to phytochemical general test to investigate the plant active contents. Totat flavonoids were isolated through plant reflex in acidic aqeous solution to obtain the aglycone flavonoids using ethylacetate as an organic solvent. Qualification and quantification of the isolated total flavonoids were done in coressponding to standard s flavonoids. An antimicrobial activity for the crud ethanolic extract and the isolated total flavonoids had been carried out on some skin infectous agents using the following strain: Staph aureus, Pseudomoneus aerogenosa and Candida albicans.
Results: the outcome showed that the plant contain major active constituent included flavonoids Tannins, polysaccharides, alkaloids,saponines and Polyphenolic compounds.The plant contains many types of flavonoids including Rutin, Qurecetin, Kampferol and Luteolin, and each 100 g fresh aerial parts will contain 28 mg total flavonoids. The amount of each type of flavonoids were detected by HPLC technique. the extracted flavonoids at concentation of 4mg/ml showed potent effect upon the gram bacteria negative pseudomonas aeruginosa which is known to be more virulence than the gram positive strains but has no effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Also the extracted flavonoids appeared to be affected against the Candida albicans growth.
Conclusion: the ethanolic extractv of locally plant L.draba is effecient to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and decrease the chances of skin infection that provided the justification for therapeutic potential as supplementary or alternative medicine.
The Correlation between Vitamin D and Clinical Implications for Obesity-Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tahir Noor Thair , Ahmed Hind SH. , Hashim Rasha K. , Soluiman Teba D. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes have both rapidly raised during the last periods and are ongoing to increase at a disturbing rate universal. Several clinical and epidemiological researches demonstrated a reverse association between circulating vitamin D levels, central adiposity and the progress of insulin resistance and diabetes.
Objective: The target of this work was to elucidate the complex role of vitamin D and the clinical implications of diabetes on metabolic defects related with obesity.
Subjects and Methods: This study encompassed 90 diabetic patients (45 obese and 45 non obese) who were attending the National Diabetic Center/ Al-Mustansiriyah University during the period from June 2019 to January 2020; their age range was (35-60) years. All participant underwent clinical and biochemical examinations.
Results: A substantial rise (p= 0.01) in waist/hip ratio, body mass index, fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese diabetic patients as paralleled to non-obese group. Moreover, there was an elevation in glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance in obese group, but it was not significant. A substantial decrease (p= 0.01) in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and vitamin D3 were detected in obese diabetic patients as paralleled to non-obese group.
Also, obese diabetic patients had the higher percent (61%) of D3 deficiency as paralleled to non-obese patients.
Conclusions: In the present study, it is found that there is significant increase in blood sugar in the individuals with decreased vitamin D levels, which was related with insulin resistance, decreased β-cell function, and obesity.
Allele Frequencies of 15 Autosomal STR Loci in Hilla City population / Iraq
Authors: Al-Samaraie Halah Kh. , Sabbah Majeed Arsheed , Al-Zubaidi Mohammed M. 
Published: November 2021

Back ground: It is important to establish STR database for future applications in forensic and paternity tests to gain a reliable evaluation for statistical analysis and that STR database would be more representative.
Objective: The objectives of this study are establishing autosomal STR database for the population of Hilla City.
Material and methods: DNA was extracted and purified from sixty six individuals from Hilla city by Prepfiller kit. Extracted DNA quantified by Quantifiler real time PCR kit. Fifteen autosomal STR loci (Identifiler) were amplified then analyzed by Genetic Analyzer. All kits supplemented by Applied Biosystem, USA.
Results: All samples amplified and analyzed successfully. Allele frequency and forensic parameters were determined.
Conclusion: We can conclude that we can use this database for further forensic and paternity applications.
Antibacterial activity of watery and ethanolic extracts of Black Tea and peppermint (In vitrostudy)
Authors: AL Beatushi Abdullateef M. , Hussein Imad Hatem , Mouhamad Raghad S. , Al-Khafaji Khlood Abedalelah , Tayh Mohammed W. , Al-Zamily Razaq W. , Ghlaim Haidar A. , Abbas Qusay kh. 
Published: November 2021

Background:The most important medical challenge is the emergence of bacterial resistant to traditional antibiotics. So the need for new pharmaceutical compound derived from daily intake plant material. Mint and black tea used extensively in Arabic area as hot or cold drink
Objective: investigate the bacterial activity of mint and black tea aqueous extract against many bacterial genera.
Material and methods: from the local market of Baghdad Province, Iraq, dry black tea was obtained; while, peppermint (Mentha piperita L) was harvested from Iraqi plants during April 2020. Active ingredients extracted using either ethanol or water and their antibacterial activity evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis, Citrobacter sp and Klebsiella sp using well diffusion agar under invitro laboratory condition.
Results: Dried powder of each extract appeared with different color range from brown to black. Results recognized that S. aureus was susceptible to watery and ethanolic extract of both black tea and peppermint extracts. While, S. epidermidis showed resist to both plant extract and solvents used in extraction except minor inhibition with ethanolic extract of tea at 0.3% dose dose. Citrobacter spp gave susceptibility to watery extract of black tea as well as, watery and ethanolic of mint extract. Otherwise, Klebsiella spp. Growth inhibited by watery extract of black tea while, no bioactivity existed upon mint extract treatment.
Conclusion: Dose dependent manner existed for watery and ethanolic extracts for both plant material in their antibacterial activity.
Isolation and Amplification of Touch DNA from Portable Computer
Authors: Shehab Miriam Jasim , Sabbah Majeed Arsheed , Namaa Dhuha  Salim , Nabeel Sura 
Published: November 2021

Analysis of touched DNA from crime scenes is fundamental in forensic DNA laboratories. Many factors affect the recovery of DNA from touched surfaces and then affect the quality of the final results. The aim of this work is studying the possibility of recovery suitable amount of DNA from ltouched portable computer. The computer was cleaned with 10% Bleach then touch and DNA collected for extraction by Organic method and two STR regions D5S818 (115-163bp) and FGA (308-464bp) were amplified. The results showed that it is possible to isolate a proper amount of DNA from touched portable computer where it was amplified and then analyzed by Agarose gel electrophoresis. The conclusion is that portable computer is suitable source for forensic analysis.
Morphological and anatomical study in some species of Orobanche
Authors: Al-Joboury Khansaa Rasheed , Aliwy Sukeyna Abass 
Published: November 2021

Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers., Orobanche cernua L. and Orobanche coelestis (Reut.) Boiss. and Reut. ex Beck are plants belong to the Orobanchaceae family in Iraq. Morphological and anatomical study of the three species is very important to to know the qualities that help us to distinguish between them. To study the morphological and anatomical traits the samples were collected from Baghdad, the southern deserts, and Kurdistan of Iraq between 2016-2018 during the flowering period (spring). The plant was preserved in special glass ampoules containing alcohol 70% for the purpose of conducting the transvere anatomy section process. The identity and morphological study as well as the anatomical study of the three species were determined by studying the anatomical transverse sections of the stem and studying the trichomes which are generally divided into two parts: Non-glandular trichomes which consist of from one or more cells, different lengths with acute or obtuse apices, and glandular trichomes which consist of a multicellular or unicellular head and stalks depended on their shape, number of cells and general characteristics as a method or Identity imprint of the plant used to differentiate among the studied species. Significant differences were observed in the general and anatomical appearance. The species Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. is more dense in the amount of trichomes spread in all parts of the plant compared to other, O. aegyptiaca Pers. be containing 18–22 layers of parenchyma cells, the species O. cernua L. consists of 10-16 layer of parenchyma cells and the species O. coelestis (Reut.) Boiss. And Reut.exBeck consists of 20-24 layers of parenchyma cells. Morphological and anatomical study have proven its effectiveness in determining mportant characteristics in diagnosing species and distinguishing between them.
Human Remains detection after Suicide Bombing by STR Analysis
Authors: Sabbah Majeed Arsheed , Ibrahim Halah Khalid , Namaa Dhuha  Salim , Nabeel Sura 
Published: November 2021

Following suicide bombing, human remains usually collected for DNA identification. Human remains affected due to exposure to excessive heat and bomb solid, sharp pieces. The aim of this work is to study the possibility of DNA analyzing of human remains after suicide bombing. Fifteen human remains were received from a place of suicide bombing in Najaf City south of Iraq. The remains were severely affected and cannot recognize morphologically or as it is human or animal origin. DNA extracted from remains by organic method, then quantified by real time PCR kit then analyzed by Powerplex 21 kit using 3130XL Genetic Analyzer. The results showed that seven remains where analyzed successfully while the other remains failed for analysis for both real time PCR quantification or STR analysis. Four remains belong to two persons. This study showed that suicide bombing affects negatively the most remains for STR analysis.
Aborto espontáneo en estudiantes universitarias en Pamplona, Norte de Santander, en el periodo del año 2007 al 2016. Un estudio transversal
Authors: Cárdenas Malpica Paola Andreina , Flórez Ingrid Xiomara , Martínez-Torres Javier , Zambrano Medina Nixón Albeiro , Lee-Osorno Belinda Inés , Jaimes Laguado Marco Fredy 
Published: November 2021

Introducción: El aborto espontáneo se refiere al fenómeno por el cual un embrión o feto se descarga automáticamente del cuerpo de la madre por alguna razón involuntaria, generalmente a las 20 semanas del embarazo. Entre el 15 % y el 20 % de todos los embarazos tienen riesgo de aborto espontáneo, alrededor de un 10 % terminarán siendo abortos espontáneos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal con intención analítica. Se tomaron los datos de 207 historias clínicas del archivo del hospital público de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, de mujeres gestantes universitarias, correspondientes a los periodos del año 2007 al 2016. Se consideró aborto espontáneo la variable reportada en la historia clínica. Se estimó la frecuencia de aborto espontáneo y se exploró la asociación con diferentes variables clínicas y sociodemográficas en estudiantes universitarias. Se construyeron modelos de regresión binomial simple y multivariable, para estimar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados: Se reportaron 15 abortos espontáneos (7,5 %), aquellas que no se habían aplicado la vacuna antitetánica y quienes no se realizaron citología durante los 12 meses previos presentaron los mayores porcentajes de abortos espontáneos (16,7 % y 15,2 %, respectivamente). Las mujeres que acusaron haber estado hospitalizadas (RP 4,01 IC 95 % 1,69-9,49), y haber tenido abortos previamente (RP 7,53 IC 95 % 3,02-18,77), mostraron asociación con el aborto espontáneo. Conclusión: Se pudo estimar que la proporción de abortos espontáneos es similar a lo reportado en otros estudios; no obstante, es necesario generar investigaciones adicionales que evalúen la relación entre el aborto espontáneo y factores individuales y contextuales para generar estrategias que disminuyan estas cifras.
Demographics and outcome of dogs and cats enrolled in the PetSafe program at the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine: 2004–2019
Authors: Valiyamattam Georgitta J. , Kritchevsky Janice , Beck Alan M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the number and species of animals cared for by the PetSafe program at the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine (a community service offered to meet the short-term housing needs of pets, especially pets owned by victims of intimate partner violence) from 2004 through 2019 and collect information on duration of stay, outcome, health problems, and expenses.

ANIMALS
229 animals cared for by the PetSafe program.

PROCEDURES
Medical records were reviewed for information on species, breed, age, duration of stay, outcome of stay, client referral source, whether the animal had been cared for previously, health problems, medical interventions, and expenses incurred.

RESULTS
There were 124 dogs, 95 cats, 6 ferrets, and 4 sugar gliders; 187 of the animals were returned to their owners, 37 were rehomed, and 5 were euthanized because of medical conditions. The most common health problems were dental disease and dermatological complaints (eg, flea infestation and resulting fleabite dermatitis). None of the animals had physical evidence of abuse. Mean duration of stay was 22 days (range, 1 to 93 days), and mean ± SD cost per animal was $368 ± $341.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Over the 16-year period of the study, the number and species of animals cared for by the PetSafe program at Purdue and the health problems encountered in those animals were relatively stable, and the program was able to meet the relatively predictable financial costs incurred through existing sources of funding.