bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the discursive construction of the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone viewed through the prism of argumentative semantics
Authors: Cozma Ana-Maria 
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the issue of polysemy, and more precisely of multiple meanings in the case of the words francophonie/francophone from the perspective of argumentative semantics. The aim of the paper is to examine the mechanisms that account for the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone, i.e. the semantic and discursive mechanisms involved in the (re)construction of lexical meaning as the words occur in discourse. The data analysed in this paper consists of a set of discourse fragments about francophone identity, discourses that vary according to the speaker, the geographical location and the media support. The study is carried out within the framework of the SAP theory (Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities), following a procedure based on a pre-built reference meaning – i.e. a description of the argumentative potential of the lexeme – that will be used when analysing the discursive occurrences. First, the paper briefly presents the SAP theory and the pre-built reference meaning of the lexemes francophonie/francophone (described in terms of core-elements, stereotypes and argumentative possibilities). It then illustrates several discursive mechanisms of meaning construction. The analysis highlights a series of meaning construction mechanisms: transgressive activation of the argumentative potential, reconfiguration by scission of the core-elements or by deletion of one of the elements, modality addition, transgressive reconstruction of the core meaning, and finally core circularity. Thus, the paper indicates, from the perspective of argumentative semantics, that the multiple meanings of the words francophonie/francophone, i.e. the various semantic configurations attached to these words, can be seen as reconfigurations of a single lexical meaning.
Qualifying Adjectives and Saturation by Ethos
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique 
Published: September 2021

Since the end of the 1990s, research on discursive ethos – the image of the speaker which is projected by his or her utterance – has been very active in discourse analysis. It contributes to a better understanding of how an enunciation can attract the support of addressees. But in general, this research 1) focuses on isolated texts or individual speakers, not on discursive formations, 2) does not take into account the lexicon when it does not have clear ideological content. On the contrary, this article deals with the role played by some French polysemous adjectives (simple, doux, clair) to make the incorporation (Maingueneau 1999) of readers or listeners possible, to make them adhere to the universe of meaning that is proposed to them. This point of view is first illustrated by the study of an advertising text, before being applied to large discursive formations: a religious movement (“devout humanism”) of the first half of the 17th century; and, in the political field, two antagonistic positions in France under the French Third Republic (1870–1940): the handbooks of Republican School and the monarchist movement “l’Action Française”. We are led to conclude that adjectives, by their polysemy, “saturate discourse.” Through ethos, discourse does not only persuade by the ideas it delivers: it also sets the addressee in a speech scene that partakes of the semantic characteristics of the ideological universe that discourse aims to promote.
Association between biofilm-production and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates: A laboratory-based case study and a literature review
Authors: Gajdács Márió , Kárpáti Krisztina , Nagy Ádám László , Gugolya Máté , Stájer Anette , Burián Katalin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBacteria can enhance their survival by attaching to inanimate surfaces or tissues, and presenting as multicellular communities encased in a protective extracellular matrix called biofilm. There has been pronounced interest in assessing the relationship between the antibiotic resistant phenotype and biofilm-production in clinically-relevant pathogens. The aim of the present paper was to provide additional experimental results on the topic, testing the biofilm-forming capacity of Escherichia coli isolates using in vitro methods in the context of their antibiotic resistance in the form of a laboratory case study, in addition to provide a comprehensive review of the subject. In our case study, a total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) E. coli isolates, originating from either clean-catch urine samples (n = 125) or invasive samples (n = 125) were included. The colony morphology of isolates were recorded after 24h, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was assessed with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. Altogether 57 isolates (22.8%) isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), 89 isolates (35.6%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in 131 cases (52.4%), and 108 (43.2%) were positive for biofilm formation. Biofilm-producers were less common among isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.043 and P = 0.023, respectively). Biofilms facilitate a protective growth strategy in bacteria, ensuring safety against environmental stressors, components of the immune system and noxious chemical agents. Being an integral part of bacterial physiology, biofilm-formation is interdependent with the expression of other virulence factors (especially adhesins) and quorum sensing signal molecules. More research is required to allow for the full understanding of the interplay between the MDR phenotype and biofilm-production, which will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata Dalam Perspektif Islam Menggunakan Metode Analisis SWOT Halal Tourism
Authors: Azizah Lailatul 
Published: September 2021

Obyek wisata Bromo Tengger memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Namun potensi yang tinggi kurang didukung oleh kemudahan akses untuk mencapai lokasi tersebut. Pada kenyataannya jumlah kunjungan wisatawan baik domestik maupun mancanegara masih sangat rendah bila dibandingkan dengan obyek wisata lain yang ada di Kabupaten Pasuruan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan Mixed Method (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Peneliti akan menggambarkan tentang keadaan lapangan dengan tujuan untuk menemukan formulasi strategi pengembangan pariwisata dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT yang meliputi : Strength , Weakness , Opportunity dan Threat yang dapat dianalisis secara komprehensif. Dari hasil analisis IFAS (Internal Factors Analysis Summary) dan EFAS (External Factors Analysis Summary) diperoleh gambaran bahwa “ Destinasi Bromo Tengger dipandang memiliki daya kompetitif yang rendah untuk menghadapi ancaman dari destinasi wisata lainnya. Oleh karena itu strategi yang bisa diterapkan adalah melakukan strategi defensif yang memfokuskan pada pasar wisata. Langkah yang perlu diambil diantaranya adalah lebih meningkatkan promosi dan informasi tentang kawasan Bromo Tengger sebagai kawasan destinasi 10 pengembang prioritas (Tourism Branding Wonderful Indonesian). dan mengusulkan dalam agenda program wisata tahunan , memperbaiki sarana dan prasarana infrastuktur (assesibilitas) dan transportasi (amenitas) , serta mengenalkan atraksi budaya.
Implementasi Strategi Pengembangan Bisnis Dengan Business Model Canvas
Authors: Sukarno Bangkit Rambu , Ahsan Muhamad 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the mapping of existing business strategies and develop new business strategies into a business model canvas. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and interview. The collected data were analyzed using SWOT analysis and the results were elaborated into nine elements of the Business Model Canvas. The results showed that the business strategy obtained from the Business Model Canvas mapping is good enough because each element supports each other to increase revenue. The practical implication is that several strategies must be improvised to increase revenue, including by developing key resources, increasing the cost structure for advertising, and persuading customers to become resellers as key partnerships, customer relationships, and channels.
Analisis Pengaruh Proporsi Hutang, EPS Dan Oversubscription Terhadap Fenomena Underpricing
Authors: Haniifah Aisy , Hartati Nani 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the proportion of debt, EPS, and oversubscription on the underpricing phenomenon in IPO’ s on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2020. Sampling in this study was carried out using purposive sampling method, namely the sampling technique with certain considerations. To test the hypothesis, this study uses secondary data obtained by means of observational studies, literature studies and internet research, and processed using eviews 10. The results of this study indicate that the proportion of debt has no significant effect on underpricing . Earning per share was found to have a significant positive effect on underpricing . Oversubscription was also found to have a significant positive effect on underpricing .
Earthquake locations by 3-D finite-difference travel times
Authors: Nelson Glenn D. , Vidale John E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a new method for locating earthquakes in a region with arbitrarily complex three-dimensional velocity structure, called QUAKE3D. Our method searches a gridded volume and finds the global minimum travel-time residual location within the volume. Any minimization criterion may be employed. The L1 criterion, which minimizes the sum of the absolute values of travel-time residuals, is especially useful when the station coverage is sparse and is more robust than the L2 criterion (which minimizes the RMS sum) employed by most earthquake location programs. On a UNIX workstation with 8 Mbytes memory, travel-time grids of size 150 by 150 by 50 are reasonably employed, with the actual geographic coverage dependent on the grid spacing. Location precision is finer than the grid spacing. Earthquake recordings at six stations in Bear Valley are located as an example, using various layered and laterally varying velocity models. Locations with QUAKE3D are nearly identical to HYPOINVERSE locations when the same flat-layered velocity model is used. For the examples presented, the computation time per event is approximately 4 times slower than HYPOINVERSE, but the computation time for QUAKE3D is dependent only on the grid size and number of stations, and independent of the velocity model complexity.Using QUAKE3D with a laterally varying velocity model results in locations that are physically more plausible and statistically more precise. Compared to flat-layered solutions, the earthquakes are more closely aligned with the surface fault trace, are more uniform in depth distribution, and the event and station travel-time residuals are much smaller. Hypocentral error bars computed by QUAKE3D are more realistic in that the trade-off of depth versus origin time is implicit in our error estimation, but ignored by HYPOINVERSE.
A detailed seismicity study of the Middle Mountain zone at Parkfield, California
Authors: Nishioka Gail K. , Michael Andrew J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to better understand the preparation zone of the predicted Parkfield earthquake, a detailed study of the seismicity at middle Mountain in the Parkfield, California, area was made using 71 digitally recorded earthquakes that located within, or close to, the Middle Mountain alert box. These earthquakes were retimed on an interactive graphics system. Based on these new arrival times, new station corrections were developed; however the data did not support changing the velocity model developed from refraction and 1966 aftershock data. The process of retiming the earthquakes and using the new station corrections reduced the rms travel-time residuals by 70 per cent to 0.025 sec, halved the location errors, and clustered the earthquakes closer to the surface trace of the San Andreas fault. The seismicity can be approximated by a plane on the scale of several kilometers, but at finer scales two clusters were discovered that show demonstrable width to the seismogenic zone. Previous workers had proposed a 5° bend in the fault at the hypocenter of the 1966 main shock on the basis of patterns in the first motion data in the 1966 aftershocks. We find that this pattern also exists in the first-motion data from 1969 to 1987, but the 5° bend was not evident in the hypocentral distribution. This suggests that a more complicated explanation is needed to explain the first-motion data. Fault plane solutions were determined for the 71 events and 69 of these were compatible with strike-slip motion on a vertical San Andreas fault. An event located in the north end of the study area co-locates with the strike-slip solutions and may be a thrust or oblique solution. The other earthquake, located 2½ kilometers northeast of the fault, has a thrust or NNE-SSW striking right lateral solution but can not be explained by a San Andreas style mechanism. Both possible solutions can be explained by structures observed in the geology.
Yield estimation using regional mb(Pn)
Authors: Vergino Eileen S. , Mensing Richard W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Seismic yield estimation at regional distances will become increasingly important in monitoring a Low-Yield Threshold Test Ban (LYTTB). In order to investigate seismic yield estimation using regional data, we have examined regional mb(Pn) values for a large population of Nevada Test Site (NTS) underground nuclear explosions that occurred in widely varying geologic media with a range of yields from less than 1 kt to 300 kt. Magnitude-yield relationships were developed using data from a set of pre-1985 events (calibration set). To obtain an independent estimate of the uncertainty in estimating yields of events at NTS using mb(Pn) alone, the calibrated relationships were applied to a set of post-1984 events (prediction set). We found that the average uncertainty in the yield estimate, based on a weighted combination of the yield estimates from the four Livermore NTS Network (LNN) seismic stations, is about 1.8 (at the 2σ level). If data are available from all four LNN stations, the uncertainty is about 1.7 (at the 2σ level).
By including a term for the gas-filled porosity of the rock near the working point in the magnitude-yield relationship, we were able to develop a single relationship valid for events both above and below the water table, as well as those in alluvium and tuff. We have found, however, systematic differences in the relationships for events in Yucca Flat, Pahute Mesa, and Rainier Mesa.
Shear-wave anisotropy in the Parkfield Varian well VSP
Authors: Daley T. M. , McEvilly T. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A vertical seismic profile (VSP) survey was run to 1334 m depth in the instrumented Varian well, 1.4 km from the San Andreas fault trace at Parkfield, California, to test the sensor string shortly after its permanent installation. The cable subsequently failed near the 1000 m level, so the test survey represents the deepest data acquired in the study. A shear-wave vibrator source was used at three ofsets and two orthogonal orientations, and the data have been processed for P- and S-wave velocities and for S-wave velocity anisotropy. Velocities are well-determined (3.3 and 1.9 km/sec, respectively, at the deeper levels), and the S waves are seen clearly to be split by anisotropy below about 400 m. Some 8 per cent velocity difference is apparent between polarizations parallel to and perpendicular to the San Andreas fault (faster and slower, respectively), and the difference seems to decrease with distance from the fault, suggesting that the cause may be the fabric of the fault zone. Repeated surveys at the 1000 m depth are being conducted as part of the Parkfield monitoring program.
The Prince George, British Columbia, earthquake of 21 March 1986
Authors: Rogers Garry C. , Cassidy John F. , Ellis Robert M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
On 21 March 1986 a widely felt earthquake occurred near 54°N, 122°W adjacent to the Rocky Mountains in east central British Columbia in an area of low historic seismicity. The earthquake had a body-wave magnitude of 5.4, a surface-wave magnitude of 5.2, and a seismic moment of 2.4 × 1024 dyne-cm. The stress drop is estimated as 3 bars from the aftershock area. The epicentral region is sparsely populated and only minor damage occurred although the earthquake was felt strongly (Modified Mercalli intensity of V) in the nearby city of Prince George. Within 48 hours of the main shock, portable short-period seismographs began to be deployed in the epicentral region and were maintained there for eight days. Few aftershocks were recorded. They were confined to a depth range of 9 to 16 km and the largest was magnitude 2.5. No foreshocks were detected by the Canadian Seismograph Network. The focal mechanism of the earthquake was thrust faulting on a northwest-southeast plane dipping about 40° to the southwest. This is similar to the structural trends mapped in the region. The occurrence of this earthquake and several other moderate to large earthquakes in the Foreland Fold and Thrust Belt raises the question of whether there is a potential seismic hazard along the entire eastern margin of the Canadian Cordillera. The lower than expected attenuation for seismic waves observed for this earthquake also has implications for seismic hazard assessment in the Cordillera.
Depth-dependent seismic attenuation in the Granada zone (Southern Spain)
Authors: Ibáñez J. M. , Del Pezzo E. , De Miguel F. , Herraiz M. , Alguacil G. , Morales J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoda-Q estimates for the Granada Basin (Southern Spain) are obtained by analyzing earthquakes occurring within or close to the borders of this area. The data set is composed of 54 earthquakes with local magnitudes ranging between 2.2 and 4.0 and with epicentral distances to the nearest station smaller than 10 km. A single-scattering process is assumed. Coda-Q values obtained show a clear dependence on frequency according to the relationship Q = Qofn, where n ranges from 0.81 to 0.89. After removing the main site effects and discussing the possible multiple-scattering influence, the lapse-time dependence is interpreted as due to attenuation variations with depth. This result agrees with the variation of coda Q obtained by using different sets of events with increasing hypocentral depth ranges.
Azimuthal anomalies of short-periodP-wave arrivals from Nahanni aftershocks, Northwest Territories, Canada, and effects of surface topography
Authors: Buchbinder Goetz G. R. , Haddon R. A. W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFollowing two large earthquakes in the Northwest Territories of Canada in 1985 and one in 1988, four field surveys were undertaken to study the extensive aftershock activity. Some of the seismographs employed recorded three-component digital data, which allowed the directions of approach of short-period P-wave arrivals to be analyzed. At three stations, observed azimuthal deviations reached as much as 40° from theoretically expected azimuths as computed from the inferred hypocenters for the events. Theoretical results are presented that support the hypothesis that the observed azimuthal deviations are caused principally by local topographic slopes in the vicinity of the recording instruments. Similar theoretical results indicate that effects of local surface topography on arrival azimuths of SH and SV waves are nearly an order of magnitude less than for P waves, so that such effects will generally be unimportant in shear wave splitting studies.
The solution of Cagniard's problem for anSHline source in elastic and anelastic media, calculated using ω —kintegrals
Authors: Abramovici Flavian , Le Lawrence H. T. , Kanasewich Ernest R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComputations have been performed using an improper ω — k double integral representing the response to an SH pulse generated by a line source, acting in a model consisting of two homogeneous isotropic elastic or linear viscoelastic half-spaces separated by a plane boundary. The advantage of this method is its universality: complete seismograms for relevant time and frequency windows are produced by the program. The calculated synthetic seismograms are accurate enough even for a small number of frequencies and compare well with exact results for elastic models obtained using Cagniard's method.For the simple models of two anelastic or one elastic and one anelastic half-space in welded contact considered here, all the arrivals that are predicted by elasticity theory, including the incident, reflected, head, transmitted, and evanescent waves, are present. It seems that attenuation does not radically change the physical picture seen in the elastic case but rather modifies it: there is continuous variation with dispersion and attenuation. For viscoelastic media, the seismograms present features due to the nonplanar wavefronts propagating from a line source. Such features cannot be explained by the inhomogeneous plane wave theory.
Stability of earthquake ground motion synthesized by using different small-event records as empirical Green's functions
Authors: Dan K. , Watanabe T. , Tanaka T. , Sato R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe semi-empirical method, in which small-event records are used as Green's functions to synthesize strong ground motions from a large earthquake, has become one of the most practical methods for generating the input ground motion for earthquake-resistant design of structures. The stability of the synthesized ground motions was examined in the applicability for engineering purposes. The accelerograms from the 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki, Japan, earthquake with a magnitude of 6.7 were simulated by using the records from 17 foreshocks and aftershocks with magnitudes of 3.4 to 4.9. The syntheses were carried out for each small-event record and 17 results are obtained. The coefficients of variation (percentages of the standard deviations to the mean values) of the ratios of the synthesized PGA, PGV and SI to the observed ones were found to be 40 to 80 per cent, which consisted of 20 to 30 per cent caused by our synthesis procedure itself, 30 to 40 per cent caused by the approximation of the source spectrum for each small event by the ω-square model, and 0 to 70 per cent caused by the similarity relations used to obtain the source parameters (L, W, D, and σe from the magnitude. Consequently, in order to minimize the variation caused by the modeling of the source spectrum and the similarity relations, we proposed a new synthesis procedure, in which the small-event records were normalized with regard to the source size and then chosen randomly as Green's functions for each element of the fault plane of the main shock. The coefficients of variation of the results by the present new procedure became 15 to 25 per cent much more stable.