bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P262: Automated nerve identification in histopathology slides enables comprehensive analysis of innervation in cancer and tumor neurobiology
Authors: Miller Alison R. , Krasnonosenkikh Daniel , Thanawala Monica , Huang Kai Chih , Thomas George V. , Lantermann Alexandra B. , Dai Hongyue , Sadaghiani Masoud , Wagner John A. , Huang Pearl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Linking features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to patient outcome is ambitious yet crucial to understand cancer progression and prognosis in order to develop new therapies. The current method to assess histopathological images is visual inspection by a professional, generally a pathologist. While this is an effective approach for diagnosis, it does not scale well for discovery biology and population-based studies for drug discovery purposes. An automated approach would allow for a more rapid, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of several morphological features of the TME by taking advantage of thousands of already existing slides within databases and biobanks. Recent studies have shown intriguing relationships between innervation in tumors (tumor exoneural biology) and patient outcomes. Here we present an automated tool that can detect and quantify nerve presence in tumors. We manually annotated a set of digital slides from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) in order to develop a deep learning model to quantify the presence of nerves in head and neck tumors stained with H&E. This tool is generalizable and was applied to identify patterns in the appearance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in and around tumors. It may be further applied to other structural features such as blood vessels in order to characterize and correlate these features within the TME in hundreds of images across cancer types. This enables integration of imaging features with multi-omics data to uncover potential biological pathways that are upregulated in groups with dense innervation compared to sparse innervation in cancer. The main advantage of this approach is the ability to utilize many public databases in which the features of interest can be correlated with reported patient comorbidities, treatments, and phenotypes. This platform-based methodology can be expanded to other disease areas and could ultimately provide valuable insight about exoneural biology and its role in disease physiology to identify new avenues for therapies.
Citation Format: Alison R. Miller, Daniel Krasnonosenkikh, Monica Thanawala, Kai Chih Huang, George V. Thomas, Alexandra B. Lantermann, Hongyue Dai, Masoud Sadaghiani, John A. Wagner, Pearl Huang. Automated nerve identification in histopathology slides enables comprehensive analysis of innervation in cancer and tumor neurobiology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P262.
Abstract P263: Interaction between CD36 and FABP4 regulates the import and metabolism of fatty acid in breast cancer cells
Authors: Gyamfi Jones , Choi Junjeong , Kwon Doru , Koo JaSeung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The breast cancer microenvironment is unique since the breast tissue within which the tumour originates comprises predominantly adipocytes. Adipocytes secrete various growth factors and cytokines that are reported to influence tumour progression by induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which enhances cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that the invading breast cancer invades surrounding adipose tissues resulting in the delipidation of adipose tissues. To determine the molecular mechanism underlying these events, we co-cultured human adipocytes and breast cancer cells. Co-cultured cells had increased CD36 expression, with fatty acid import. Genetic ablation of CD36 attenuates adipocyte-induced EMT and stemness. Molecular screening for pathways potentially involved in adipocyte-induced CD36 expression reveals activation of the STAT3 signaling axis. Our study identifies a feedforward loop between CD36 and STAT3; where STAT3 binds to the CD36 promoter, activating its expression and CD36 upregulates STAT3 signaling. Breast cancer cells co-cultured with adipocytes actively accumulate fatty acids and undergo metabolic reprogramming, with a shift towards fatty acid oxidation. Seahorse metabolic analysis reveals that co-cultured CD36-expressing cells assumed an energetic phenotype, indicating enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Thus, breast cancer cells alter their metabolic programs, with increased mitochondrial respiration, to meet their energy needs, with the availability of fatty acids. Analysis of breast cancer patient data reveals that increased CD36 expression occurs with increased FABP4 expression. Mechanistic experiments reveal that CD36 directly interacts with FABP4 to regulate fatty acid import, transport, and metabolism in co-cultured breast cancer cells. In vivo studies in mouse models reveal that combined chemical inhibition of CD36 and FABP4 resulted in a significant reduction in tumour growth rate. The study presents an alternative approach by which adipocytes may enhance cancer progression via the transfer of free fatty acids from tumour-associated adipocytes to breast cancer cells. The uptake of free fatty acid subsequently serves as a secondary source of energy to drive breast cancer cell progression. Targeting CD36 in combination with FABP4 may have a potential for therapies targeting the breast cancer microenvironment.
Citation Format: Jones Gyamfi, Junjeong Choi, Doru Kwon, JaSeung Koo. Interaction between CD36 and FABP4 regulates the import and metabolism of fatty acid in breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P263.
Genomic Landscape and Clinical Utility in Korean Advanced Pan-Cancer Patients from Prospective Clinical Sequencing: K-MASTER Program
Authors: Park Kyong Hwa , Choi Jung Yoon , Lim Ah-Reum , Kim Ju Won , Choi Yoon Ji , Lee Soohyeon , Sung Jae Sook , Chung Hee-Joon , Jang Byunghyun , Yoon Dayoung , Kim Sukwon , Sa Jason K. , Kim Yeul Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The fundamental principle of precision oncology is centralized on the identification of therapeutically exploitable targets that provides individual patients with cancer an opportunity to make informed decisions on a personalized level. To facilitate and adopt such concepts within clinical practice, we have initiated a nationwide, multi-institutional precision oncology screening program to examine and enroll patients into the most appropriate clinical trial based on their tumor's unique molecular properties. To determine the prevalence of essential major driver mutations and to explore their dynamic associations at both molecular and pathway levels, we present a comprehensive overview on the genomic properties of East Asian patients with cancer. We further delineate the extent of genomic diversity as well as clinical actionability in patients from Western and Eastern cultures at the pan-cancer and single-tumor entity levels. To support fellow oncology communities in future investigations involving large-scale analysis, all data have been made accessible to the public (https://kmportal.or.kr).

Significance:
We present a comprehensive overview of molecular properties of East Asian pan-cancer patients and demonstrate significant diversity in terms of genomic characteristics as well as clinical utility compared with patients with European ancestry. The results of this study will lay the groundwork for designing personalized treatments in the clinical setting.
See related commentary by Moyers and Subbiah, p. 886.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873
Diabetes Status Modifies the Association Between Different Measures of Obesity and Heart Failure Risk Among Older Adults: A Pooled Analysis of Community-Based NHLBI Cohorts
Authors: Patel Kershaw V. , Segar Matthew W. , Lavie Carl J. , Kondamudi Nitin , Neeland Ian J. , Almandoz Jaime P. , Martin Corby K. , Carbone Salvatore , Butler Javed , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Obesity and diabetes are associated with a higher risk of heart failure (HF). The interrelationships between different measures of adiposity—overall obesity, central obesity, fat mass (FM)—and diabetes status for HF risk are not well-established.

Methods:

Participant-level data from the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; visit 5) and the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study; visit 1) cohorts were obtained from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center, harmonized, and pooled for the present analysis, excluding individuals with prevalent HF. FM was estimated in all participants using established anthropometric prediction equations additionally validated using the bioelectrical impedance-based FM in the ARIC subgroup. Incident HF events on follow-up were captured across both cohorts using similar adjudication methods. Multivariable-adjusted Fine-Gray models were created to evaluate the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and FM with risk of HF in the overall cohort as well as among those with versus without diabetes at baseline. The population attributable risk of overall obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m
2
), abdominal obesity (WC>88 and 102 cm in women and men, respectively), and high FM (above sex-specific median) for incident HF was evaluated among participants with and without diabetes.

Results:

The study included 10 387 participants (52.9% ARIC; 25.1% diabetes; median age, 74 years). The correlation between predicted and bioelectrical impedance-based FM was high (
R
2
=0.90; n=5038). During a 5-year follow-up, 447 participants developed HF (4.3%). Higher levels of each adiposity measure were significantly associated with higher HF risk (hazard ratio [95% CI] per 1 SD higher BMI=1.15 [1.05, 1.27], WC=1.22 [1.10, 1.36]; FM=1.13 [1.02, 1.25]). A significant interaction was noted between diabetes status and measures of BMI (
P
interaction=0.04) and WC (
P
interaction=0.004) for the risk of HF. In stratified analysis, higher measures of each adiposity parameter were significantly associated with higher HF risk in individuals with diabetes (hazard ratio [95% CI] per 1 SD higher BMI=1.29 [1.14–1.47]; WC=1.48 [1.29–1.70]; FM=1.25 [1.09–1.43]) but not those without diabetes, including participants with prediabetes and euglycemia. The population attributable risk percentage of overall obesity, abdominal obesity, and high FM for incident HF was higher among participants with diabetes (12.8%, 29.9%, and 13.7%, respectively) versus those without diabetes (≤1% for each).

Conclusions:
Higher BMI, WC, and FM are strongly associated with greater risk of HF among older adults, particularly among those with prevalent diabetes.
Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclones over the North Atlantic and Western North Pacific
Authors: Befort Daniel J. , Hodges Kevin I. , Weisheimer Antje 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and North Atlantic (NA) basins are analyzed in seasonal forecasting models from five European modeling centers. Most models are able to capture the observed seasonal cycle of TC frequencies over both basins; however, large differences for numbers and spatial track densities are found. In agreement with previous studies, TC numbers are often underestimated, which is likely related to coarse model resolutions. Besides shortcomings in TC characteristics, significant positive skill (deterministic and probabilistic) in predicting TC numbers and accumulated cyclone energy is found over both basins. Whereas the predictions of TC numbers over the WNP basin are mostly unreliable, most seasonal forecast provide reliable predictions for the NA basin. Besides positive skill over the entire NA basin, all seasonal forecasting models are skillful in predicting the interannual TC variability over a region covering the Caribbean and North American coastline, suggesting that the models carry useful information, including for adaptation and mitigation purposes ahead of the upcoming TC season. However, skill in all forecast models over a smaller region centered along the Asian coastline is smaller compared to their skill in the entire WNP basin.
What Do We Know About Interventions to Prevent Low Back Injury and Pain Among Nurses and Nursing Students? A Scoping Review
Authors: Duffett-Leger Linda , Beck Amy J. , Siddons Anya , Bright Katherine S. , Alix Hayden K. 
Published: December 2021

Study backgroundBack injuries are common among nurses worldwide with lifetime prevalence of lower back pain ranging from 35% to 80%, making nursing a profession at great risk for back injuries.PurposeThis systematic scoping review explored and mapped existing evidence regarding the prevention of low back injury and pain among nurses and nursing students.MethodsUsing a scoping review methodology, six databases were searched initially in September 2017 and updated June 2020. Studies investigating interventions designed to reduce back injuries and pain among regulated nurses and student nurses, published in peer-review journals and written in English, were eligible for inclusion in this review. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies of regulated nurses, nursing students, and nursing aides were included. Two independent reviewers screened, critically analysed studies using a quality appraisal tool, extracted data, and performed quality appraisals.ResultsTwo searches yielded 3,079 abstracts and after title, abstract and screening, our final synthesis was based on 48 research studies.ConclusionsForty years of research has demonstrated improvements in quality over time, the efficacy of interventions to prevent back injury and pain remains unclear, given the lack of high-quality studies. Further research, using multi-dimensional approaches and rigorous study designs, are needed.
Perceived Stress as a Pathway for the Relationship Between Neighborhood Factors and Glycemic Control in Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Egede Joshua K. , Campbell Jennifer A. , Walker Rebekah J. , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeNeighborhood factors such as crime, discrimination, and violence are increasingly recognized as correlates of poor glycemic control. However, pathways for these relationships are unclear. This study examined stress and self-efficacy as potential pathways for the relationship between neighborhood factors and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo primary care clinics in southeastern US.Participants615 adults aged 18 years and older.MeasuresValidated measures were used to capture neighborhood factors, stress, and self-efficacy, while hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was abstracted from the electronic health record.AnalysisPath analysis was used to investigate direct and indirect relationships between neighborhood factors, stress, self-efficacy, and glycemic control.ResultsIn the final model, violence (r = .17, P = .024), discrimination (r = .46, P < .001), and crime (r = .36, P = .046) were directly associated with higher perceived stress. Stress (r = −.5, P < .001) was directly associated with lower self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was directly associated with better general diet (r = .12, P < .001), better specific diet (r = .04, P < .001), more exercise (r = .08, P < .001), and lower HbA1c (r = −.11, P < .001). Stress (r = .05, P < .001), crime (r = .20, P < .001), and discrimination (r = .08, P < .001) were indirectly associated with higher HbA1c.ConclusionStress and self-efficacy are potential pathways for the relationship between neighborhood factors like violence, discrimination, and crime and glycemic control. Interventions aimed at mitigating stress and improving self-efficacy may improve self-care behaviors and glycemic control.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of acupuncture for angina in an underserved diverse population
Authors: DeVon Holli A , Uwizeye Glorieuse , Cai Hui Yan , Shroff Adhir R , Briller Joan E , Ardati Amer , Hoppensteadt Debra , Rountree Lauren , Schlaeger Judith M 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Stable angina is ischemic chest pain on exertion or with emotional stress. Despite guideline-directed therapy, up to 30% of patients have suboptimal pain relief. The aims of this study were to: (1) determine the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of acupuncture; and (2) evaluate preliminary efficacy of acupuncture with respect to reduction of pain and increased functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Participants with stable angina for ⩾1 month received either a standardized acupuncture protocol, twice per week for 5 weeks, or an attention control protocol. Measures included the McGill Pain Questionnaire (average pain intensity (API), pain now) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire–7 (functional status, symptoms, and HRQoL). Feasibility was defined as ⩾80% recruitment, ⩾75% retention following enrollment, and ⩾80% completion. Descriptive statistics and mixed-effects linear regression were used for analysis. Results: The sample (n = 24) had a mean age of 59 ± 12 years, was predominantly female (63%), and represented minority groups (8% White, 52% Black, 33% Hispanic, and 8% Other). Feasibility was supported by 79% retention and 89% completion rates. The recruitment rate (68%) was slightly lower than expected. Acceptability scores were 87.9% for the acupuncture group and 51.7% for the control group. Outcomes were significantly better for the acupuncture versus control groups (API, b = −2.1 (1.1), p = 0.047; functional status, b = 27.6 (7.2), p < 0.001; and HRQoL, b = 38.8 (11.9), p = 0.001). Conclusions and implications: Acupuncture was feasible and acceptable in our diverse sample. We were slightly under the recruitment target of 80%, but participants who started the study had a high likelihood of completing it. Acupuncture shows promise for stable angina, but its effectiveness needs to be confirmed by a larger, adequately powered RCT. Trial registration number: NCT02914834 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Prioritisation of colonoscopy services in colorectal cancer screening programmes to minimise impact of COVID-19 pandemic on predicted cancer burden: A comparative modelling study
Authors: van Wifferen Francine , de Jonge Lucie , Worthington Joachim , Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Lew Jie-Bin , Nadeau Claude , van den Puttelaar Rosita , Feletto Eleonora , Yong Jean H.E. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Canfell Karen , Coupé Veerle M.H. ,   on behalf of the COVID-19 and Cancer Global Modelling Consortium (CCGMC) working group 2
Published: December 2021

Objectives Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been disrupted in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Performing catch-up of missed screens while maintaining regular screening services requires additional colonoscopy capacity that may not be available. This study aimed to compare strategies that clear the screening backlog using limited colonoscopy resources. Methods A range of strategies were simulated using four country-specific CRC natural-history models: Adenoma and Serrated pathway to Colorectal CAncer (ASCCA) and MIcrosimulation SCreening ANalysis for CRC (MISCAN-Colon) (both in the Netherlands), Policy1-Bowel (Australia) and OncoSim (Canada). Strategies assumed a 3-month screening disruption with varying recovery period lengths (6, 12, and 24 months) and varying FIT thresholds for diagnostic colonoscopy. Increasing the FIT threshold reduces the number of referrals to diagnostic colonoscopy. Outcomes for each strategy were colonoscopy demand and excess CRC-related deaths due to the disruption. Results Performing catch-up using the regular FIT threshold in 6, 12 and 24 months could prevent most excess CRC-related deaths, but required 50%, 25% and 12.5% additional colonoscopy demand, respectively. Without exceeding usual colonoscopy demand, up to 60% of excess CRC-related deaths can be prevented by increasing the FIT threshold for 12 or 24 months. Large increases in FIT threshold could lead to additional deaths rather than preventing them. Conclusions Clearing the screening backlog in 24 months could avert most excess CRC-related deaths due to a 3-month disruption but would require a small increase in colonoscopy demand. Increasing the FIT threshold slightly over 24 months could ease the pressure on colonoscopy resources.
Factors Influencing Academic Self-Efficacy Among Nursing Students During COVID-19: A Path Analysis
Authors: Han ShinHi , Eum Koun , Kang Hee Sun , Karsten Kathleen 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The shift to online learning owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is posing an additional challenge to academic success, particularly for students who speak English as a Second Language (ESL). This study aimed to examine the factors that contribute to academic self-efficacy among ESL nursing students. Method: This was a cross-sectional study using path analysis with 113 undergraduate ESL nursing students in New York City. Data were collected online using self-report measures of the study variables: academic self-efficacy, perfectionistic concerns, acculturative stress, and e-learning stress. A hypothetical path model was tested using AMOS 26.0. Results: Perfectionistic concerns and acculturative stress directly affected academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, perfectionistic concerns and e-learning stress indirectly affected academic self-efficacy via the acculturative stress path. Discussion: Results indicate the importance of developing a multifaceted intervention that considers diverse cultural and psychological factors to help ESL nursing students enhance their academic self-efficacy in e-learning environments.
Thematic Analysis of Coping Strategies Used by Parents of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate in El Salvador
Authors: Aleman Ramon Manuel , Martinez Maria Guadalupe 
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to describe coping strategies used by parents of children with cleft palate with or without a cleft (CP ± L) during the early development of their children in El Salvador. Design Qualitative interviews were completed with 16 parents of children born with CP ± L who were 6 months to 6 years old. Parents were questioned about their emotions and coping during eight time periods: prenatal, birth, social interaction before the first surgery, the beginning of surgeries, social interaction after the first surgery, early childhood education (ECE), speech–language therapy, and formal education. Thematic analysis (TA) was used to identify coping strategies as conceptualized by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) . Results Four major themes emerged: (a) experienced emotions related to diagnosis, (b) interpretations related to the birth of a child with a cleft, (c) seeking and experiencing cleft treatment, and (d) social interaction of the children. During prenatal and birth stages, parents used emotion-focused strategies. A few hours to a week after birth, they used problem-focused strategies, which led them in search of treatment. Some parents used avoidance strategies during periods of social interaction before surgery, ECE, and formal education. Socioeconomic challenges impacted access to speech–language therapy. Sociocultural factors, such as discrimination, religion, and folk beliefs, appeared to influence some of the coping strategies used by parents. Conclusions Problem-focused strategies appear to be helpful in seeking surgical treatments. The emotion-focused strategy of avoidance seemed to have adverse effects in minimizing opportunities for social interaction prior to surgery and early education.