bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic compression fractures in thoracic-lumbar junction: vertebroplasty vs conservative management in a prospective controlled trial
Authors: D'Oria Salvatore , Dibenedetto Mariagrazia , Squillante Eleonora , Somma Carlo , Hannan Cathal John , Giraldi David , Fanelli Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundBoth surgery and conservative management are well established treatments for compression fractures of the thoraco-lumbar spine without neurological compromise. This article aims to compare the outcomes of conservative management to those of vertebroplasty, a relatively safe and simple procedure.Methods102 patients were admitted to our neurosurgical unit between January 2012 and February 2016, presenting with a single-level, post-traumatic A1 or A2 Mager l type fracture, affecting the thoracic-lumbar spine without any neurological deficits. After description of both treatment options, the patients were asked to choose between vertebroplasty or conservative treatment. Accordingly, the patients were allocated into two groups and a prospective non-randomized controlled trial was carried out. The first group (Group A) included 52 patients, treated with bed rest and an orthosis. The second group (Group B) of 50 patients underwent a percutaneous vertebroplasty. Pain intensity (assessed via visual analog scale (VAS)), disability degree (assessed via Oswestry Disability Index), ability to resume work (assessed via Denis work Scale), vertebral body height loss rate, regional kyphosis angle (Cobb’s angle), duration of hospitalization and treatment-associated complications, were prospectively recorded in a database and analyzed. Follow ups were planned at 1, 6, and 12 months after the injury.ResultsGroup B, compared with group A, showed a faster improvement in VAS score as well as functional ability and return to work. Cobb’s angle progression was significantly less in the surgical group. Morbidity, mortality, and complication rate were similar and comparable in both groups without a statistical difference (P<0.05)ConclusionsVertebroplasty is a safe and effective treatment in post-traumatic thoracic-lumbar fractures compared with conservative management.
Over-the-Scope Clip-Associated Endoscopic Muscular Dissection for Seven Cases of Small Gastric Submucosal Tumor: A Video-Based Case Series
Authors: Li Xin , Wei Rongfen , Qin Jianfu , Qin Fei , Peng Peng , Qin Mengbin , Liu Shiquan , Huang Jiean 
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To evaluate the methodology, feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel method called over-the-scope clip- (OTSC-) associated endoscopic muscular dissection for small GSMT. Methods. A pilot study on small

GSMT

diameter
≤
1

cm was performed. OTSC-associated endoscopic muscular dissection was based on the requirement of OTSC apparatus and ESD technique; after ligaturing the bottom of small GSMT by OTSC, ESD was performed to resect the tumors, and the wounds of ESD were closed by clips finally. All the patients were followed up for more than 3 months, and the complications during and after OTSC-associated endoscopic muscular dissection were recorded. Results. A total of 7 consecutive patients with small GSMT were included. All tumors were completely dissected without any perforation or infection during and after the procedure in all cases, while three patients had mild abdominal pain, and one experienced postoperative bleeding after the procedure which was treated by the endoscopy with titanium clips. All the patients were followed by endoscopy three months later, all the wounds healed well, and all the OTSCs were still in the gastric wall. Conclusions. OTSC-associated endoscopic muscular dissection as a novel endoscopic interventional therapy should be a convenient, safe, and effective therapy for small GSMT. The short-time outcome is excellent, whereas long-term effect is unclear, and the further follow-up is needed to schedule.
Latinos & Racism in the Trump Era
Authors: Canizales Stephanie L. , Vallejo Jody Agius 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay examines the roots, causes, and effects of racism experienced by Latinos in the Trump era. We argue that Trump and his administration were not the origin of Latinos' experiences of racism, but his rise to power was, in part, derived from Latino racialization. Preexisting politics of Latino immigration, Whites' fear of loss of status due to demographic shifts, and historical and contemporary processes of racializing Latinos were seized by the Trump administration and made central features of his renegade presidential campaign and policy agenda. White nationalist racism became the defining feature of the Trump presidency, making Latinos' heightened experiences of racism, and the relegitimization of overt White nationalism, one of its lasting legacies.
La philosophie au tournant des années 1940 : Étienne Gilson
Authors: De Libera Alain 
Published: March 2021

Résumé
L’article est consacré à l’histoire des chaires de philosophie du Collège entre 1921 et 1951, considérée à partir du double échec subi en 1941 par le médiéviste Etienne Gilson, au moment de repourvoir la chaire de « Philosophie » définie pour Édouard Le Roy en 1921 après le départ de Henri Bergson. Sur la base d’un arbre généalogique de la philosophie au Collège de France depuis 1542, l’article restitue les enjeux des deux phases du duel entre Gilson et son principal opposant Mario Roques : a) le maintien de l’intitulé de Édouard Le Roy contre la proposition gilsonienne : Histoire des idées philosophiques dans la France moderne, b) l’élection du spiritualiste Louis Lavelle contre le philosophe psychologue Maurice Pradines, à la chaire de philosophie. L’article analyse les différents biais (statut de la philosophie à l’université, dans les lycées et collèges, laïcité, statut de la métaphysique, situation politique), affectant l’affrontement entre philosophie et histoire de la philosophie, lieu commun rhétorique des débats idéologiques depuis 1874.
Rome au Collège de France entre la Révolution et le XXe siècle. Une évolution rapide
Authors: Scheid John 
Published: March 2021

Résumé
Parmi les nouvelles chaires créées au Collège de France au XIXe siècle dans le domaine des langues classiques, apparurent en 1861 et en 1877 l’Épigraphie latine et l’Épigraphie grecque. Il s’agissait de création de chaires. Pour la est conservé un dialogue entre l’Institut, le Collège de France et le ministère de l’Instruction publique, avec l’approbation de l’Empereur. À l’arrière-plan de la création ministérielle, on devine l’ombre de Philippe Le Bas et du projet de Corpus des inscriptions latines organisé selon les normes définies par Theodor Mommsen, qui avait réuni du temps du ministère d’Abel Villemain des Français, des Allemands et des Italiens. Quant à la chaire d’Épigraphie grecque, la seconde, les lettres de justification de sa création en apportent la preuve : elles décrivent l’activité épigraphique telle que les concepteurs du Corpus d’inscriptions berlinois l’imaginaient.
Systèmes ou pensée ? L’histoire de la philosophie en question au Collège de France (1951)
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

Résumé
Cet article cherche à éclairer l’élection de Martial Gueroult (1891-1976) à la chaire d’Histoire et technologie des systèmes philosophiques en 1951, et, indirectement, le succès de son approche « structurale » de l’histoire de la philosophie. Ceux qui occupaient des rôles clés dans la gestion de l’économie disciplinaire des sciences humaines ne devaient pas contredire dans leur travaux les axiomes qui avaient réglé la pratique de l’histoire de la philosophie depuis le début du XIXe siècle tout en faisant montre d’innovation dans ce champ. Dans un premier temps nous résumons la méthode historiographique proposée par Gueroult ; un deuxième temps l’inscrit dans une tradition d’historiographie de la philosophie ; le troisième temps situe sommairement la pratique de l’histoire de la philosophie au Collège de France et à la Sorbonne ; dans de quatrième et cinquième temps nous décrivons les rapporteurs et les candidats lors de l’élection au Collège de France, et les pièces pertinentes ; enfin nous considérons les stratégies adoptées pendant la campagne qui ont pu déterminer le résultat de l’élection.
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Unilateral Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis With Osteitis
Authors: Che Zigang , Zhang Qingxiang , Zhao Pengfei , Lv Han , Ding Heyu , Li Jing , Wang Hao , Zhang Peng , Ji Hongbo , Zou Caiyun , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: March 2021

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred noninvasive method for the evaluation of osteitis in chronic sinusitis. Some scholars believe that the bone changes associated with chronic sinusitis always show high attenuation (high density) and are positively correlated with the severity of the disease. However, sinus bone remodeling is a complex process that may cause high or low attenuation. There have been few reports on the spread of osteitis. Therefore, additional research on sinus CT is necessary. Objective: To observe bony changes in chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) by CT and reveal the mechanism. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 45 patients with unilateral CMS with bony changes in the sinus walls. The patients’ clinical data and CT results were analyzed and compared between the affected and normal sides. We propose the location, involvement, attenuation, and thickness method to evaluate CMS with osteitis. Results: Of the 45 patients, 40 (88.9%), 2, 12, and 7 had posterior external, medial, anterior, and superior lesions, respectively. The nasal region, sphenoid bone, palatine bone, and zygomatic arch were involved in 3, 12, 8, and 18 (40%) patients, respectively. Computed tomography indicated high attenuation in 30 (75.0%) and low attenuation in 10 (25.0%) patients; 6 (15.0%) showed new bone marrow cavities. The bone thickness was significantly different between the affected and normal sides in 40 patients ( P < .001), including members of both the high- and low-attenuation groups (high-attenuation group: P < .001; low-attenuation group: P < .01). However, there was no significant difference in the thickness of the affected side between the high- and low-attenuation groups ( P > .05). Conclusions: Chronic rhinosinusitis with bony changes may occur in the maxillary sinus walls and spread to adjacent bones. Both increased and decreased attenuation may occur in these circumstances. Analyzing the CT features of bone changes in unilateral CMS can improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis.
Prospective comparative study evaluating the role of flavonoids after endovenous thermal ablation
Authors: Karathanos Christos S , Batzalexis Konstantinos , Nana Petroula , Spanos Konstantinos , Kouvelos George , Rousas Nikolaos , Giannoukas Athanasios 
Published: March 2021

Objectives The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of flavonoids in the improvement of post-operative symptoms after endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA). Methods A prospective comparative study of 120 consecutive patients undergoing EVTA of the greater saphenous vein associated with phlebectomies was undertaken. Patients were grouped in those receiving micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF- 60 patients) agent 500 mg Bid 7 days pre- and 30 days post- operatively (MPFF group) and those in the control group (60 patients) who did not. Demographics, intra-operative details, Clinical –Etiology- Anatomy- Pathophysiology (CEAP) clinical class, 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (CΙVIQ-20) were recorded. Primary outcome was the postoperative pain assessement using the VAS scale and CIVIQ pain score. Secondary outcomes included assessement of VCSS and CΙVIQ-20 scores. Results There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographics, clinical and procedural characteristics. Patients in MPFF group reported significantly lower VAS pain levels than control group at 7- (−3.6 ± 1.2 vs −2.7 ± 1.9, p < .0001) and 30- post-operative day (−4.9 ± 0.1 vs −4.2 ± 1, p < .0001). MPFF group also showed better outcome in terms of CIVIQ pain score at 7- (−3.7 ± 1.3 vs −3.5 ± 1.8, p = .008) and 30- post-operative day (−5.3. ± 1.1 vs −4.4 ± 1, p = .017). Both groups showed a significant improvement in VAS pain score (p = .047), global CIVIQ-20 (p = .009) and VCSS (p = .008) at 7- and 30-days post-operatively. Conclusions Administration of flavonoids in patients undergoing EVTA associated with phlebectomies reduces pain by a small amount during early postoperative period.
Reshaping the Economic Structure in Argentina: The Role of External Debt during the Macri Administration (2015–2019)
Authors: Santarcángelo Juan E. , Padín Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2021

Argentina’s right-wing shift in the 2015 presidential election concluded twelve years of center-left rule. The elected president, Mauricio Macri, claimed that the economy would experience normalization of existing imbalances and recover its strength in a “new political era.” However, the new administration quickly restored the dominance of neoliberal economic policies through a comprehensive set of initiatives, which centrally included the return to international financial debt and equity markets and submission to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) rules. This article analyzes Argentina’s external-debt-growth process and discusses its objectives and long-term effects. This paper posits that the indebtedness process carried out by the Macri administration—and its modality—not only increased the relevance of financial capital in the Argentine economy but also structurally conditioned any future nonorthodox alternative path of development. This outcome cannot be understood without taking into account the deliberate role of the United States, the IMF, and the top companies that operate in Argentina, as well as the complicity of many political sectors. JEL Classification: H63, F34, F63
Where Exactly Does the Sexist Bias in the Official Measurement of Monetary Poverty in Europe Come From?
Authors: Berthonnet Irène 
Published: March 2021

This article aims to round out the well-established criticism in feminist research whereby measuring income poverty at household level tends to underestimate poverty among women. It demonstrates that while this indicator is underpinned by a conceptual bias that could be qualified as sexist, this is not only because of measurement at the household level, but rather the manner in which this is measured and because it is the only independent item of individual income factored into the measurement of poverty risk. A number of suggestions for improvements are made although, without more detailed research in liaison with Eurostat or national statistical institutes, it will be difficult to make progress in this area. JEL classification: D31, D13, B54
The Distribution of Posterior Malleolus Fracture Lines
Authors: Quan Yuan , Lu Hao , Xu Hailin , Liu Yijun , Xie Wenyong , Zhang Boyu , Zhang Dianying , Jiang Baoguo 
Published: March 2021

Background: The morphology and classification of posterior malleolus (PM) fractures remain controversial. An increasing number of studies have found that merely focusing on the fragment size does not lead to a satisfactory prognosis. This study aimed to demonstrate the fracture line and comminution zones of PM fractures using computed tomography (CT), in order to provide insights into the injury mechanism of PM fractures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 95 patients with PM fractures between 2013 and 2018 at a level 1 trauma center. The CT data of the PM of the patients were reconstructed using software. Images of all patients were superimposed together, and drawn as a heat map of the fragments and line distributions of PM fractures. Results: Our study included 66 type I, 19 type II, and 10 type III PM fractures according to the classification of Haraguchi. In the single-fragment fracture group, the fracture lines were mainly concentrated in the posterolateral tibial tubercle area (Volkmann’s tubercle) and a larger tubercle area involving the tibialis posterior groove. In the multifragment fracture group, there were 10 (43.5%) patients with a 2-fragment pattern and 13 (56.5%) patients with a compressive-fragment pattern. Conclusion: According to the fracture map and previous studies on the syndesmosis, our study provides a different understanding of the pathomechanisms of ankle injuries compared with previous classifications of PM fractures. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective study.
Vitrectomy for full thickness macular hole developed during the course of anti-VEGF treatment of type 1 neovascular AMD
Authors: Nawrocka Zofia Anna , Nawrocka Zofia , Nawrocki Jerzy 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To report a case of treatment of a full-thickness macular hole, which appeared after 10 months of anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: The patient was diagnosed as type 1 nAMD. The coexisting vitreomacular traction caused a full thickness macular hole after 10 months of treatment. Patients: A 68-year-old woman treated with anti VEGF. Results: Vitrectomy with the temporal inverted ILM flap technique succeeded in closing the hole. Further anti-VEGF treatment followed. Conclusion: FTMH is a rare complication or coexistence in nAMD. Vitrectomy and continuous anti-VEGF treatment might result in satisfactory anatomical and functional results.
Pan-Cancer Transcriptional Models Predicting Chemosensitivity in Human Tumors
Authors: Wells Jason D , Griffin Jacqueline R , Miller Todd W 
Published: March 2021

Motivation: Despite increasing understanding of the molecular characteristics of cancer, chemotherapy success rates remain low for many cancer types. Studies have attempted to identify patient and tumor characteristics that predict sensitivity or resistance to different types of conventional chemotherapies, yet a concise model that predicts chemosensitivity based on gene expression profiles across cancer types remains to be formulated. We attempted to generate pan-cancer models predictive of chemosensitivity and chemoresistance. Such models may increase the likelihood of identifying the type of chemotherapy most likely to be effective for a given patient based on the overall gene expression of their tumor. Results: Gene expression and drug sensitivity data from solid tumor cell lines were used to build predictive models for 11 individual chemotherapy drugs. Models were validated using datasets from solid tumors from patients. For all drug models, accuracy ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 when applied to all relevant cancer types in the testing dataset. When considering how well the models predicted chemosensitivity or chemoresistance within individual cancer types in the testing dataset, accuracy was as high as 0.98. Cell line–derived pan-cancer models were able to statistically significantly predict sensitivity in human tumors in some instances; for example, a pan-cancer model predicting sensitivity in patients with bladder cancer treated with cisplatin was able to significantly segregate sensitive and resistant patients based on recurrence-free survival times ( P = .048) and in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine ( P = .038). These models can predict chemosensitivity and chemoresistance across cancer types with clinically useful levels of accuracy.
Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both?
Authors: Skripkauskaite Simona , Slade Lance , Mayer Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Atypical attention is considered to have an important role in the development of autism. Yet, it remains unclear whether these attentional difficulties are specific to the social domain. This study aimed to examine attentional orienting in autistic and non-autistic adults from and to non-social and social stimuli. We utilised a modified gap–overlap task with schematic images (Experiment 1: autistic = 27 and non-autistic = 26) and photographs (Experiment 2: autistic = 18 and non-autistic = 17). Eye-tracking data (i.e. saccadic latencies) were then compared across condition and type of stimulus (social or non-social) using multilevel modelling. Autistic adults exhibited mostly typical gap and overlap effects, as well as a bias towards social stimuli. Yet, autistic participants benefitted from exogenous disengagement when orienting to social information more than non-autistic participants. Neither a domain general nor social domain–specific account for attentional atypicalities in autism was supported separately. Yet, subtle combined domain differences were revealed in the gap condition. Lay abstract Previous research has shown that autistic individuals look at other people less and orient to them more slowly than others. Yet, it is still unclear if this represents general visual differences (e.g. slower looking at any new information, social or not) or a uniquely social difference (e.g. only slower looking to humans but not objects). Here, we aimed to examine how quickly autistic and non-autistic adults look to and away from social (i.e. faces) and non-social information (i.e. squares and houses). We used an attentional shifting task with two images where sometimes the first image disappears before the new image appears (makes it easier to notice the new image) and other times it stays on the screen when the new image appears. In Experiment 1, we showed schematic faces and squares to 27 autistic and 26 non-autistic adults, and in Experiment 2, we showed photographs of faces and houses to 18 autistic and 17 non-autistic adults. In general, autistic adults looked at the new non-social or social images similarly to non-autistic adults. Yet, only autistic adults looked at new social information faster when the first image disappeared before the new image appeared. This shows that autistic individuals may find it easier to notice new social information if their attention is not already occupied.