bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Conversion Accelerating “Zn‐Escape” Effect in ZnSe‐CFs Heterostructure for High Performance Sodium‐Ion Half/Full Batteries
Authors: Dong Wen‐Da , Li Chao‐Fan , Wang Chun‐Yu , Wu Liang , Hu Zhi‐Yi , Liu Jing , Chen Li‐Hua , Li Yu , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a promising large‐scale energy storage system owing to the abundant and low‐cost sodium resources. However, their practical application still needs to overcome some problems like slow redox kinetics and poor capacity retention rate. Here, a high‐performance ZnSe/carbon fibers (ZnSe‐CFs) anode is demonstrated with high electrons/Na+ transport efficiency for sodium‐ion half/full batteries by engineering ZnSe/C heterostructure. The electrochemical behavior of the ZnSe‐CFs heterostructure anode is deeply studied via in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations. Phase conversion is revealed to accelerate the “Zn‐escape” effect for the formation of robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This leads to the ZnSe‐CFs delivering a superior rate performance of 206 mAh g−1 at 1500 mA g−1 for half battery and an initial discharge capacity of 197.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 for full battery. The work here heralds a promising strategy to synthesize advanced heterostructured anodes for SIBs, and provides the guidance for a better understanding of phase conversion anodes.
An Adsorption‐Insertion Mechanism of Potassium in Soft Carbon
Authors: Wu Shijie , Song Yan , Lu Chunxiang , Yang Tao , Yuan Shuxia , Tian Xiaodong , Liu Zhanjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoft carbon (SC) has become a promising anode for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) benefiting from its structural flexibility. However, the evolution of potassium storage behavior with the microstructure (the average size of the crystallites La and the average interlayer spacing a3) is still unclear, which hinders the understanding of the potassium storage mechanism. Herein, a series of soft carbon with different microstructures is prepared through pyrolysis of petroleum pitch. Based on the analysis of the relationship between electrochemical behavior and microstructure, an adsorption‐insertion mechanism is proposed: the capacity in the voltage range of 0.45–1.1 V is originated from the adsorption of potassium ions on edge‐defect sites whereas the capacity below 0.45 V is attributed to the insertion of potassium ions into interlayers. When La equals to 10.56 Å, SCs exhibit an adsorption‐controlled mechanism. However, as La increases to 120.98 Å, the insertion process is dominant. With La increasing from 21.9 to 93.02 Å, SCs have two mixed behaviors. The initial insertion coefficients do not change until a3 decreases to 3.46 Å. These findings highlight the relation of potassium storage behavior with different microstructures and the adsorption‐insertion mechanism can provide insights into the design of SC anodes for PIBs.
Acceleration‐based effective damping ratio of tuned mass damper under seismic excitations
Authors: He Hui , Tan Ping , Hao Linfei 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTo investigate the effectiveness of a tuned mass damper (TMD) in controlling acceleration responses of a primary structure under seismic excitations, this paper proposes a practical method for the calculation of the acceleration‐based effective damping ratio of TMD. Seismic ground motions were simulated by using the Kanai–Tajimi model, and the effect of site conditions on the TMD effective damping ratio was considered. The site filtering effect was expressed in a transfer function form, and the absolute acceleration dynamic amplification factor of a structure to bedrock was derived. In this study, the effectiveness of TMD was considered as the effective damping ratio added to each mode of the primary structure, and an analytical expression for the TMD effective damping ratio was therefore established. Results of the parametric analysis show that when the TMD mass ratio is less than 0.1, an increase in the TMD mass can enhance its effective damping ratio, as well as its acceleration response control performance. However, an increase in the structural damping ratio weakens the TMD control performance. Moreover, the TMD effective damping ratio significantly depends on site conditions, that is, the TMD may have a side effect in controlling acceleration responses in a certain frequency range. Numerical simulation of a 10‐story shear frame structure exposed to soil‐ and rock‐site earthquakes demonstrated that when it comes to the root mean square values of the structural absolute accelerations the error of the proposed method did not exceed 0.88%, indicating that it can precisely evaluate the effectiveness of the TMD.
Effects of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid on embryonic development and immunotoxicity of zebrafish
Authors: Liu Yi , Guo Jing , Yang Fengjie , Deng Yunyun , Peng Yuyang , Meng Yunlong , Liu Wenjin , Cheng Bo , Fu Jianping , Zhang June , Liao Xinjun , Lu Huiqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough chlorobromoisocyanuric acid has been widely used in agriculture, its deleterious toxicity on aquatic organisms remains rare. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to chlorobromoisocyanuric acid (0, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L) from 10 to 96 h post‐fertilization (hpf). We found a significant reduction in immune cell numbers (neutrophils and macrophages) and the area of thymus at 96 hpf. The expression of immune‐related genes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines genes were upregulated. Besides, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid triggered neutrophils cell apoptosis. The mRNA and protein levels of pro‐apoptotic p53 pathway and the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio further indicated the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, the oxidative stress was observed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde significantly increased. Subsequently, the antioxidant agent astaxanthin significantly attenuated the level of oxidative stress and the dysregulation of inflammatory response. In summary, our results showed that chlorobromoisocyanuric acid induced developmental defects and immunotoxicity of zebrafish, partly owing to oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
SIRT1/mTOR pathway‐mediated autophagy dysregulation promotes Pb‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Mao Ankang , Zhang Ranran , Guan Shuang , Lu Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLead (Pb) is a common and toxic metal pollutant in the ecological environment and has drawn significant attention due to its presence in various channels, including the use of lead‐based paint, mineral extraction and smelting, exhaust gas from gasoline combustion. Autophagy is an essential catabolic pathway and blocked autophagy may result in abnormal lipid metabolism in liver. A body of evidence demonstrates that Pb exposure causes abnormal lipid droplet (LDs) accumulation in the liver, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether Pb induced lipid accumulation by regulating autophagy in HepG2 cells. In this study, we found that Pb (50 μM) blocked the autophagy flux mainly by transcription factor EB (TFEB)‐mediated impairment of lysosome formation and activity. Then we demonstrated that the dense lipid accumulation was observed upon Pb exposure, and induction of autophagy by the autophagy activator rapamycin (Rap) alleviated Pb‐induced lipid accumulation, while suppression of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) exacerbated Pb‐induced lipid accumulation, suggested that Pb‐induced autophagy blockage might be responsible for lipid accumulation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the SIRT1/mTOR pathway participated in Pb‐induced autophagy dysregulation, leading to Pb‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation. In summary, these results revealed a new insight into the relationship between Pb‐caused autophagy dysregulation and lipid accumulation for the first time and highlight autophagy as a novel therapeutic target against Pb‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation which supplying the theoretical basis and potential strategies for the intervention and treatment of Pb‐related disease.
Hexagonalization of Fishnet integrals. Part I. Mirror excitations
Authors: Olivucci Enrico 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we consider a conformal invariant chain of L sites in the unitary irreducible representations of the group SO(1, 5). The k-th site of the chain is defined by a scaling dimension ∆k and spin numbers $$ \frac{\ell_k}{2},\frac{\ell_k}{2} $$

ℓ
k

2

,

ℓ
k

2

The model with open and fixed boundaries is shown to be integrable at the quantum level and its spectrum and eigenfunctions are obtained by separation of variables. The transfer matrices of the chain are graph-builder operators for the spinning and inhomogeneous generalization of squared-lattice “fishnet” integrals on the disk. As such, their eigenfunctions are used to diagonalize the mirror channel of the Feynman diagrams of Fishnet conformal field theories. The separated variables are interpreted as momentum and bound-state index of the mirror excitations of the lattice: particles with SO(4) internal symmetry that scatter according to an integrable factorized $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-matrix in (1 + 1) dimensions
Electrostatic description of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 linear quivers
Authors: Akhond Mohammad , Legramandi Andrea , Nunez Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present the holographic dual for the strongly coupled, low energy dynamics of balanced$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 field theories in (2 + 1) dimensions. The infinite family of Type IIB backgrounds with AdS4× S2× S2 factors is described in terms of a Laplace problem with suitable boundary conditions. The system describes an array of D3, NS5 and D5 branes. We study various aspects of these Hanany-Witten set-ups (number of branes, linking numbers, dimension of the Higgs and Coulomb branches) and encode them in holographic calculations. A generic expression for the Free Energy/Holographic Central Charge is derived. These quantities are then calculated explicitly in various general examples. We also discuss how Mirror Symmetry is encoded in our Type IIB backgrounds. The connection with previous results in the bibliography is made.
A polyfold proof of the Arnold conjecture
Authors: Filippenko Benjamin , Wehrheim Katrin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe give a detailed proof of the homological Arnold conjecture for nondegenerate periodic Hamiltonians on general closed symplectic manifolds M via a direct Piunikhin–Salamon–Schwarz morphism. Our constructions are based on a coherent polyfold description for moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic curves in a family of symplectic manifolds degenerating from $${{\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {P}}}^1\times M$$

C
P

1

×
M

to $${{\mathbb {C}}}^+ \times M$$

C

+

×
M

and $${{\mathbb {C}}}^-\times M$$

C

-

×
M

, as developed by Fish–Hofer–Wysocki–Zehnder as part of the Symplectic Field Theory package. To make the paper self-contained we include all polyfold assumptions, describe the coherent perturbation iteration in detail, and prove an abstract regularization theorem for moduli spaces with evaluation maps relative to a countable collection of submanifolds. The 2011 sketch of this proof was joint work with Peter Albers, Joel Fish.
X-ray emission spectroscopy: a genetic algorithm to disentangle core–hole-induced dynamics
Authors: Pettersson Lars G. M. , Takahashi Osamu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA genetic algorithm (GA) is developed and applied to make proper connections of final-state potential-energy surfaces and X-ray emission (XES) cross sections between steps in the time-propagation of H-bonded systems after a core–hole is created. We show that this modification results in significantly improved resolution of spectral features in XES with the semiclassical Kramers–Heisenberg approach which takes into account important interference effects. We demonstrate the effects on a water pentamer model as well as on two 17-molecules water clusters representing, respectively, tetrahedral (D2A2) and asymmetric (D1A1) H-bonding environments. For D2A2, the applied procedure improves significantly the obtained intensities, whereas for D1A1 the effects are smaller due to milder dynamics during the core–hole life-time as only one hydrogen is involved. We reinvestigate XES for liquid ethanol and, by properly disentangling the relevant states in the dense manifold of states using the GA, now resolve the important 3a′′ state as a peak rather than a shoulder. Furthermore, by applying the SpecSwap-RMC procedure, we reweigh the distribution of structures in the sampling of the liquid to fit to experiment and estimate the ratio between the main anti and gauche conformers in the liquid at room temperature. This combination of techniques will be generally applicable to challenging problems in liquid-phase spectroscopy.
Inflammatory potential of diet and bone mineral density in a senior Mediterranean population: a cross-sectional analysis of PREDIMED-Plus study
Authors: García-Gavilán Jesús F. , Paz-Graniel Indira , Babio Nancy , Romaguera Dora , Martínez Jose Alfredo , Martin Vicente , Martínez María Ángeles , Konieczna Jadwiga , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , de Paz Fernandez José Antonio , Goday Albert , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Bulló Mònica , Salas-Salvadó Jordi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Inflammation could play a key role in tissue damage and bone metabolism. The modified dietary inflammatory score (M-DIS) is a validated tool to estimate the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we evaluate the associations between the M-DIS and bone mineral density (BMD) in a senior Mediterranean population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Methods
Baseline cross-sectional association between the M-DIS and bone mineral density was assessed in 1134 participants of the multicenter PREDIMED-Plus trial (aged 55–75 with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome). BMD was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans and participants answered a food frequency questionnaire to determine the M-DIS. BMD was categorized as low BMD when T score was equal or lower than -1 and normal BMD in another case. Associations between BMD and M-DIS were evaluated by using linear and logistic regressions adjusted by other co-variates.

Results
Participants in the top tertile of the M-DIS had a lower BMD at total femur [β (95% CI) − 0.02 (− 0.04, − 0.01)], trochanter areas [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.01)] and lumbar spine area [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.01)] (but in the last case, measures were less precise and hence not statistically significant) compared to those in the lower M-DIS tertile. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of the total femur and femoral trochanter osteopenia/osteoporosis were higher in participants in the top tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile of M-DIS [OR (95% CI) 1.71 (1.12, 2.64), P for trend 0.015; 2.02 (1.29, 3.21), P for trend 0.002, respectively].

Conclusion
A high pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the M-DIS, is associated with lower BMD in a senior Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome.
Living with a giant, flowering parasite: metabolic differences between Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep. (Vitaceae) shoots uninfected and infected with Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) and potential applications for propagation
Authors: Molina Jeanmaire , Nikolic Dejan , Jeevarathanam Jashvanth Raaj , Abzalimov Rinat , Park Eun-Jung , Pedales Ronniel , Mojica Elmer-Rico E. , Tandang Danilo , McLaughlin William , Wallick Kyle , Adams James , Novy Ari , Pell Susan K. , van Breemen Richard B. , Pezzuto John M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMain conclusionMetabolites inRafflesia-infected and non-infectedTetrastigmawere compared which may have applications inRafflesiapropagation. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, here reported for the first time in Vitaceae, were abundant in non-infected shoots and may be a form of defense. InRafflesia-infected shoots, oxylipins, which mediate immune response, were elevated.AbstractEndemic to the forests of Southeast Asia,Rafflesia(Rafflesiaceae) is a genus of holoparasitic plants producing the largest flowers in the world, yet completely dependent on its host, the tropical grape vine,Tetrastigma.Rafflesiaspecies are threatened with extinction, making them an iconic symbol of plant conservation. Thus far, propagation has proved challenging, greatly decreasing efficacy of conservation efforts. This study compared the metabolites in the shoots ofRafflesia-infected and non-infectedTetrastigma loherito examine howRafflesiainfection affects host metabolomics and elucidate theRafflesiainfection process. Results from LC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis showed benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were naturally more abundant in non-infected shoots and are here reported for the first time in the genusTetrastigma,and in the grape family, Vitaceae. These metabolites have been implicated in plant defense mechanisms and may prevent aRafflesiainfection. InRafflesia-infected shoots, oxygenated fatty acids, or oxylipins, and a flavonoid, previously shown involved in plant immune response, were significantly elevated. This study provides a preliminary assessment of metabolites that differ betweenRafflesia-infected and non-infectedTetrastigmahosts and may have applications inRafflesiapropagation to meet conservation goals.
Beyond the limitations of real-time scheduling theory: a unified scheduling theory for the analysis of real-time systems
Authors: Slomka Frank , Sadeghi Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the mathematical properties of event bound functions as they are used in the worst-case response time analysis and utilization tests. We figure out the differences and similarities between the two approaches. Based on this analysis, we derive a more general form do describe events and event bounds. This new unified approach gives clear new insights in the investigation of real-time systems, simplifies the models and will support algebraic proofs in future work. In the end, we present a unified analysis which allows the algebraic definition of any scheduler. Introducing such functions to the real-time scheduling theory will lead two a more systematic way to integrate new concepts and applications to the theory. Last but not least, we show how the response time analysis in dynamic scheduling can be improved.
Characterisation of the redox centers of ethylbenzene dehydrogenase
Authors: Hagel Corina , Blaum Bärbel , Friedrich Thorsten , Heider Johann 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEthylbenzene dehydrogenase (EbDH), the initial enzyme of anaerobic ethylbenzene degradation from the beta-proteobacterium Aromatoleumaromaticum, is a soluble periplasmic molybdenum enzyme consisting of three subunits. It contains a Mo-bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (Mo-bis-MGD) cofactor and an 4Fe–4S cluster (FS0) in the α-subunit, three 4Fe–4S clusters (FS1 to FS3) and a 3Fe–4S cluster (FS4) in the β-subunit and a heme b cofactor in the γ-subunit. Ethylbenzene is hydroxylated by a water molecule in an oxygen-independent manner at the Mo-bis-MGD cofactor, which is reduced from the MoVI to the MoIV state in two subsequent one-electron steps. The electrons are then transferred via the Fe–S clusters to the heme b cofactor. In this report, we determine the midpoint redox potentials of the Mo-bis-MGD cofactor and FS1–FS4 by EPR spectroscopy, and that of the heme b cofactor by electrochemically induced redox difference spectroscopy. We obtained relatively high values of > 250 mV both for the MoVI–MoV redox couple and the heme b cofactor, whereas FS2 is only reduced at a very low redox potential, causing magnetic coupling with the neighboring FS1 and FS3. We compare the results with the data on related enzymes and interpret their significance for the function of EbDH.
Graphical abstract
Analyzing the effects of thermal stress on insulator papers by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Jusner Paul , Bacher Markus , Simon Jonas , Bausch Florian , Khaliliyan Hajar , Schiehser Sonja , Sumerskii Ivan , Schwaiger Elisabeth , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMillion tons of cellulosic paper have been used for insulating coils in oil-filled electrical power transformers, thereby assuring the electricity supply for our societies. The high working temperatures in transformers constantly degrade paper insulators throughout their service life of up to 40 years. We approached the structural changes in oil-immersed cellulosic paper samples upon thermal stress in a study that compared unbleached softwood Kraft paper used as insulator paper with pure cotton cellulose paper. The model experiments used a thermal treatment in transformer oil at 170 °C for up to 14 days. The samples were characterized by means of13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, mainly based on deconvolution of the C4 resonance. An automated, fast, and reproducible C4 resonance deconvolution employing the “Peak Analyzer” tool of OriginPro 2020 (OriginLab Corporation, USA) was developed and used to exploit13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of thermally stressed paper samples. Our results show that thermally induced structural changes depend heavily on the composition of paper, that hornification and coalescence of fibrils take place, and that the allomorph composition of cellulose crystallites is altered under the given conditions.Graphical abstract
A Defence of Manipulationist Noncausal Explanation: The Case for Intervention Liberalism
Authors: Emmerson Nicholas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen growing interest in modifying interventionist accounts of causal explanation in order to characterise noncausal explanation. However, one surprising element of such accounts is that they have typically jettisoned the core feature of interventionism: interventions. Indeed, the prevailing opinion within the philosophy of science literature suggests that interventions exclusively demarcate causal relationships. This position is so prevalent that, until now, no one has even thought to name it. We call it “intervention puritanism”. In this paper, we mount the first sustained defence of the idea that there are distinctively noncausal explanations which can be characterized in terms of possible interventions; and thus, argue that I-puritanism is false. We call the resultant position “intervention liberalism” (I-liberalism, for short). While many have followed Woodward (Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003) in committing to I-pluralism, we trace support for I-liberalism back to the work of Kim (in: Kim (ed) Supervenience and mind, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1974/1993). Furthermore, we analyse two recent sources of scepticism regarding I-liberalism: debate surrounding mechanistic constitution; and attempts to provide a monistic account of explanation. We show that neither literature provides compelling reasons for adopting I-puritanism. Finally, we present a novel taxonomy of available positions upon the role of possible interventions in explanation: weak causal imperialism; strong causal imperialism; monist intervention puritanism; pluralist intervention puritanism; monist intervention liberalism; and finally, the specific position defended in this paper, pluralist intervention liberalism.