bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Basis of Red Palm Weevil: Pathogen Interactions Leading Towards Enhanced Crop Production in Date Palms
Authors: Alazmi Meshari , Alshammari Nawaf , Alanazi Naimah A. , Sulieman Abdel Moneim E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Food safety remains a significant challenge despite the growth and development in agricultural research and the advent of modern biotechnological and agricultural tools. Though the agriculturist struggles to aid the growing population's needs, many pathogen-based plant diseases by their direct impact on cell division and tissue development have led to the loss of tons of food crops every year. Though there are many conventional and traditional methods to overcome this issue, the amount and time spend are huge. Scientists have developed systems biology tools to study the root cause of the problem and rectify it. Host-pathogen protein interactions (HPIs) have a promising role in identifying the pathogens' strategy to conquer the host organism. In this paper, the interactions between the host Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (an invasive wood-boring pest that destroys palm) and the pathogens Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are comprehensively studied using protein-protein interactions, molecular docking, and followed by 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. This study elucidates the structural and functional basis of these proteins leading towards better plant health, production, and reliability.
Effect of Ondansetron on Reducing ICU Mortality in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Guo Xiaojiang , Qi Xiguang , Fan Peihao , Gilbert Michael , La Andrew D. , Liu Zeyu , Bertz Richard , Kellum John A. , Chen Yu , Wang Lirong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify medications with potentially beneficial effects on decreasing mortality in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) while in the intensive care unit (ICU). We used logistic regression to investigate associations between medications received and ICU mortality in patients with AKI in the MIMIC III database. Drugs associated with reduced mortality were then validated using the eICU database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used for matching the patients’ baseline severity of illness followed by a chi-square test to calculate the significance of drug use and mortality. Finally, we examined gene expression signatures to explore the drug’s molecular mechanism on AKI. While several drugs demonstrated potential beneficial effects on reducing mortality, most were used for potentially fatal illnesses (e.g. antibiotics, cardiac medications). One exception was found, ondansetron, a drug without previously identified life-saving effects, has correlation with lower mortality among AKI patients. This association was confirmed in a subsequent analysis using the eICU database. Based on the comparison of gene expression signatures, the presumed therapeutic effect of ondansetron may be elicited through the NF-KB pathway and JAK-STAT pathway. Our findings provide real-world evidence to support clinical trials of ondansetron for treatment of AKI.
Nuclear moments put a new spin on the structure of 131In
Authors: Vernon Adam , Ruiz Ronald Fernando Garcia , Miyagi T. , Binnersley Cory , Billowes Jon , Bissell Mark , Bonnard Jeremy , Cocolios Thomas , Dobaczewski Jacek , Flanagan Kieran , Georgiev George , Gins Wouter , de Groote Ruben , Heinke Reinhart , Holt Jason , Koszorús Ágota , Leimbach David , Lynch Kara , Neyens Gerda , Stroberg Steven , Wilkins Shane , Yang Xiaofei , Yordanov Deyan , Farooq-Smith Gregory , Hustings Jeroen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In spite of the high-density and strongly correlated nature of the atomic nucleus, experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that around particular 'magic' numbers of nucleons, nuclear properties are governed by a single unpaired nucleon1,2. A microscopic understanding of the extent of this behaviour and its evolution in neutron-rich nuclei remains an open question in nuclear physics 3-5. A textbook example is the electromagnetic moments of indium (Z = 49) 6, which are dominated by a hole with respect to the proton magic number Z = 50 nucleus. They exhibit a remarkably constant behaviour over a large range of odd-mass isotopes, previously interpreted as pure "single-particle behaviour". Here, we present precision laser spectroscopy measurements performed to investigate the validity of this simple single-particle picture. Observation of an abrupt change in the dipole moment at N = 82 reveals that while the single-particle picture indeed dominates at neutron magic number N = 82 2,7, it does not for previously studied isotopes. We present state-of-the-art nuclear theory developed to investigate the details of the nuclear forces that describe the experimental results. The emergence and disappearance of single-particle behaviour was reproduced from an ab initio theory, including challenging many-body correlations in these large, complex nuclei. The inclusion of time-symmetry-breaking mean fields is shown to be essential for a correct description of the nuclear electromagnetic properties within the Density Functional Theory framework. Until now, such time-odd channels have been poorly constrained, but are essential to provide accurate predictions of nuclear properties necessary for searches of new physics with neutrinos 8,9 and studies of fundamental symmetries 10,11. These findings are key to understand the microscopic origin of nuclear electromagnetism and the emergence of single-particle phenomena from complex nuclei.
Soy Saponin Improves Egg-Laying Performance and Immune Function of Laying Hens
Authors: Peng Li , Yizhu Zhao , Shaojia Yan , Bocheng Song , Yongfa Liu , Mingkun Gao , Dazhi Tang , Guo Yuming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

It is of great significance to clarify the role of biologically active ingredients in soybean meal to solve the shortage of soybean meal resources. The objective of this experiment was to design a low soybean meal basal diet and measure the effects of dietary soya saponin (SS) on egg-laying performance and immune function.
Results

Results showed that egg production rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and eggshell quality tended to be improved in the 50 SS groups. Besides, peripheral blood LPS stimulation index and proportion of B lymphocytes ratio at 5th week were increased. Serum follicle stimulating hormone and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels were significantly elevated at 10th week in the 50 SS groups. We also found that mRNA levels of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in ovarian, nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and Interferon γ (IFN-γ) in spleen were up-regulated at the end of the trial. Beyond that, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the ileal flora was dropped, and the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Romboutsia and Lactobacillus delbrueckii were elevated in the 50 SS group. Similar to the above were that at the end of the 5th week, there are same biological effects on laying hens about 50 and 500 mg/Kg SS. While at the end of the trial, the blood levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, IFN-γ, and the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4 were significantly increased in the 500 SS group. What’s more, the gene mRNA levels of NF-κB, IL-12, IFN-γ, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4 about spleen were up-regulated in the 500 SS group. The mRNA levels of genes such as the gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) in Hypothalamus, the estrogen related receptor (ERR) in ovaries were down-regulated with 500 mg/kg SS supplementation.
Conclustions:

The egg production performance was improved by dietary supplementation with 50 mg/kg SS via stimulating ovaries development, increasing ovarian FSHR transcription level and serum estrogen level. The intestinal microflora was regulated, and the immune function of laying hens also was improved with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation. Unexpectedly, the immune homeostasis of the laying hens tilted towards the pro-inflammatory direction with 500 mg/kg SS supplementation. It resulted in a negative impact on the laying performance of laying hens and physiological functions of the liver.
Alteration of the Gut Microbiota in Rhesus Monkey with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yan Yaping , Yi Xiaoyan , Duan Yanchao , Jiang Bin , Huang Tianzhuang , Inglis Briauna Marie , Zheng Bingrong , Si Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) can cause stiffness and chronic pain, which affect patients' health and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests the microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. However, there are very few studies on the intestinal microbiota of OA. The spontaneous osteoarthritis in rhesus macaque is similar to osteoarthritis in human. The artificially reared macaques showed that captivity “humanizes” the primate microbiome can also better control the diet and drug use.
Methods
We collected colonic contents of the rhesus macaque with spontaneous OA for intestinal microbiota analysis by metagenomics sequencing. The data were analyzed using R packages. The genomic features were identified by a metagenomic biomarker discovery approach called linear discriminant analysis effect size.
Results
Our results indicate that the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in monkeys with OA are different compared to the normal monkeys. Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus was significantly decreased in the monkeys with osteoarthritis. Lactobacillales, Lactobacillaceae, Mycoplasmataceae and Lactobacillus were significantly increased in the monkeys with OA. Functional analysis of the microbiota also predicts cartilage damage in the monkeys with osteoarthritis.
Conclusions
Our results are largely consistent with the composition of microbiota in cartilage of OA patients. Our results exclude the effects of food, living environment, and antibiotic use, so we have found some microbes that can be a biomarker for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.
Allophlebia, A New Genus to Accomodate Phlebia Ludoviciana (Agaricomycetes, Polyporales)
Authors: Lira Carla Rejane de Sousa , Chikowski Renata dos Santos Santos , de Lima Vítor Xavier , Larsson Karl-Henrik , Gibertoni Tatiana Baptista 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Allophlebia is proposed as a new genus in Meruliaceae based on morphological characters and molecular data. The genus is typified by Peniophora ludoviciana and the new combination A. ludoviciana is proposed. The genus is so far monotypic. The type species is characterized by a resupinate basidioma, a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections, two types of cystidia (leptocystidia and metuloids), clavate basidia, and hyaline, thin-walled and ellipsoid basidiospores. A phylogeny for Allophlebia and related taxa was inferred from ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences and new information about the geographic distribution of A. ludoviciana is provided.
Class I Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) Critically Contribute to Ewing Sarcoma Pathogenesis
Authors: Schmidt Oxana , Nehls Nadja , Prexler Carolin , von Heyking Kristina , Groll Tanja , Pardon Katharina , Hensel Tim , Gürgen Dennis , Henssen Anton G , Eggert Angelika , Steiger Katja , Burdach Stefan , Richter Günther HS 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Histone acetylation and deacetylation seem processes involved in the pathogenesis of Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Here histone deacetylases (HDAC) class I were investigated.Methods: Their role was determined using different inhibitors including TSA, Romidepsin, Entinostat and PCI-34051 as well as CRISPR/Cas9 class I HDAC knockouts and HDAC RNAi. To analyze resulting changes microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, western blotting, Co-IP, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, invasion assays and xenograft-mouse models were used.Results: Class I HDACs are constitutively expressed in EwS. Patients with high levels of individual class I HDAC expression show decreased overall survival. CRISPR/Cas9 class I HDAC knockout of individual HDACs such as HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibited invasiveness, and blocked local tumor growth in xenograft mice. Microarray analysis demonstrated that treatment with individual HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) blocked an EWS-FLI1 specific expression profile, while Entinostat in addition suppressed metastasis relevant genes. EwS cells demonstrated increased susceptibility to treatment with chemotherapeutics including Doxorubicin in the presence of HDACi. Furthermore, HDACi treatment mimicked RNAi of EZH2 in EwS. Treated cells showed diminished growth capacity, but an increased endothelial as well as neuronal differentiation ability. HDACi synergizes with EED inhibitor (EEDi) in vitro and together inhibited tumor growth in xenograft mice. Co-IP experiments identified HDAC class I family members as part of a regulatory complex together with PRC2.Conclusions: Class I HDAC proteins seem to be important mediators of the pathognomonic EWS-ETS-mediated transcription program in EwS and in combination therapy, co-treatment with HDACi is an interesting new treatment opportunity for this malignant disease.
Application Research Of 3D Digital Evaluation And Analysis Method In Geological Engineering
Authors: Jing Gao , Weibo Zhou , Shuwu Li , Changhu Li , Xiaobing Wang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to adapt to the construction and development of informatization and digitization of engineering survey industry, a method of rock mass quality classification based on 3D geological modeling analysis is proposed. Based on a hydropower station as an example, this paper build a refinement 3D geological visualization model, simulate and analysis engineering geology of the hydropower station from the perspective of the three-dimensional digital. According to features of rock mass damage and elastic-plastic mechanics of dissipation energy principle, which gives the optimize evaluation index and method of rock mass quality classification in water resources and hydropower engineering, endowed with classification attribute values of each level and restructured model shows the spatial distribution characteristics of rock mass quality. In conclusion, this method improves the efficiency and intuitiveness of the engineering geology analysis and engineering rock mass quality classification. Furthermore, the 3D digital evaluation method was verified more rationality and intuitiveness in geological engineering comparing with traditional 2D geological analysis method.
Gravitational cells.The formula of the gravitational constant. Calculation of the value of the gravitational constant in the region of a black hole.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new concept is introduced into physics - gravitational cells. These cells are densely compressed elementary particles: a proton and an electron. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. On this theoretical basis, using the Schwarzschild radius formula and the adapted Coulomb formula, a formula for the gravitational constant was obtained and its value in the gravitational field of black holes was calculated, 𝑮𝟎=𝟔,𝟕𝟗𝟐𝟕∙𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏. Also, scientific substantiation of the value of the usual gravitational constant 𝑮 was obtained. In this study, a new physical constant was determined - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole 𝒎𝟎=𝟏,𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟑∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟕 kg. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn regarding the gravitational mass of the proton and the electron.
Enhanced Antibacterial activity of eugenol loaded m-PEG/PCL nanoparticles in eliminating resistant bacteria from wastewater
Authors: Shajari Mojgan , Rostamizadeh Kobra , Shapouri Reza , Taghavi Lobat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, eugenol loaded m-PEG/PCL nanoparticles were used to make better the anti-bacterial properties of eugenol in an attempt to eliminate the resistant bacteria. m-PEG/PCL copolymer was prepared by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone monomer in the vicinity of dry m-PEG and tin (II) octoate catalyst. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation procedure. The particle size and zeta potential of mPEG/PCL/eugenol were specified to be 157.23 ± 3.81 nm and − 6.95 ± 0.19 mv, respectively. The polymeric nanoparticle structure was identified by AFM, FT-IR, and DSC techniques. To evaluate and compare the anti-bacterial efficiency of m-PEG/PCL/eugenol and free eugenol, a turbidity assay was used in association with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Images of SEM were taken from bacteria before and after exposure to the mPEG/PCL/eugenol. Colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/ml) method was considered to follow the effect of mPEG/PCL/eugenol on bacteria growth rate in the original hospital wastewater. The results showed that m-PEG/PCL/eugenol nanoparticles at 40 µM concentration show the enormous antibacterial effect at 37°C. In original hospital wastewater, m-PEG/PCL/eugenol in the concentration of 0.125 µM at 25 ° C showed the greatest growth decrease of microbial total count.
Degradation of BTEX in groundwater by nano-CaO2 particles activated with L-cysteine chelated Fe(III): enhancing or inhibiting hydroxyl radical generation
Authors: Sun Xuecheng , Ali Meesam , Cui Changzheng , Lyu Shuguang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The simultaneous oxidation performance of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) by nanoscale calcium peroxide particles (nCaO2) activated with ferric ions (Fe(III)) and the mechanism of the enhancement of BTEX degradation by L-cysteine (L-cys) were investigated. The batch experimental results showed that the nCaO2/Fe(III)/L-cys process was effective in the destruction of BTEX in both ultrapure water and actual groundwater. A proper amount of L-cys could enhance BTEX degradation due to the promotion of Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycles by the participation of L-cys, but an excessive presence of L-cys would cause inhibition. Adding 1.0 mM L-cys to the nCaO2/Fe(III) system, the concentration of Fe(II) increased to 1.15 mM instantly. Simultaneously, the yield of HO• produced by the 1.0 mM L-cys-containing system was 0.066 mM at 180 min reaction, higher than that without L-cys (0.049 mM). When excess L-cys (5.0 mM) was added to the system, the amount of Fe(II) increased to 3.73 mM because excessive L-cys caused a large amount of Fe(III) in the system to be reduced. However, the yield of HO• decreased to 0.043 mM since excessive Fe(II) could conversely scavenge HO• to produce Fe(III) again. EPR tests and quenching results indicated that HO• was the dominant reactive species in the nCaO2/Fe(III)/L-cys system. For the removal of BTEX, the optimal molar ratio of nCaO2/Fe(III)/L-cys was 10.5/20/1 based on calculation by response surface methodology (RSM). Finally, the BTEX destruction pathway was proposed according to the detected intermediates by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Electrochemical degradation of DCF by boron-doped diamond anode: degradation mechanism, pathways and influencing factors
Authors: Qiu Huimin , Fan Pingping , Li Xueying , Hou Guangli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely detected in wastewater and surface water, indicating that the removal of NSAIDs by wastewater treatment plants was not efficient. Electrochemical advanced oxidation technology is considered to be an effective process. This study presents an investigation of the kinetics, mechanism, and influencing factors of diclofenac (DCF) degradation by an electrochemical process with boron-doped diamond anodes. Relative operating parameters and water quality parameters are examined. It appears that the degradation follows the pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics. DCF degradation was accelerated with the increase of pH from 6 to 10. The degradation was promoted by the addition of electrolyte concentrations and current density. Humic acid and bicarbonate significantly inhibited the degradation, whereas chloride accelerated it. According to the quenching tests, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfate radicals contributed 76.5% and 6.5%, respectively, to the degradation. Sodium sulfate remains a more effective electrolyte, compared to sodium nitrate and sodium phosphate, suggesting the quenching effect of nitrate and phosphate on •OH. Major DCF transformation products were identified. According to the degradation products detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, hydroxylation and decarboxylation are the main pathways of DCF degradation; while dechlorination, chlorination, and nitro substitution are also included in this electrochemical degradation process.
Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE-I) Inhibition and Antioxidant Peptide from a Squilla Species
Authors: Joshi Ila , Abdul Nazeer Rasool 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Oratosquilla woodmasoni is one of the marine squilla species, which is
found in the entire Asia-Pacific region. This current study assesses the species as the main basis of
both ACEi and antioxidant peptide.

Objective:
To isolate the ACEi peptide derived from O. woodmasoni and examine its ACE inhibition
along with antioxidant potential.

Materials and Methods:
The squilla muscle protein was hydrolysed using alcalase and trypsin enzymes
for 12 hours and tested for DH. The hydrolysates were examined for their ACEi activity and
then the best hydrolysate was sequentially purified in various chromatographical methods. The purified
peptide was studied for anti-oxidant and functional properties, followed by amino acid sequencing.
The purified peptide was also evaluated for its toxicity by in vitro cell viability assay.

Results:
The DH% was found to be 47.13 ± 0.72% and 89.43 ± 2.06% for alcalase and trypsin, respectively.
The alcalase 5th-hour hydrolysate was detected with potent activity (65.97 ± 0.56%) using
ACEi assay and was primarily fractionated using ultrafiltration; the maximum inhibitory activity
was found with 77.04 ± 0.52% in 3-10 kDa fraction. Subsequently, the fraction was purified using
IEC and GFC, in which the AC1-A2 fraction had higher antihypertensive activity (70.85 ±
0.78%). The non-toxic fraction showed hexapeptide HVGGCG with molecular weight 529 Da with
great potential of antioxidant activity along with functional property.

Conclusion:
This peptide could be developed as a potential ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant agent.
Benzotriazacycle Cored Perylene Diimide Non-fullerene Acceptors for
High-performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Min , Ji Zhenkai , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Peng Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Perylene diimide (PDI) is among the most investigated non-fullerene electron
acceptor for organic solar cells (OSCs). Constructing PDI derivatives into three-dimensional propellerlike
molecular structures is not only one of the viable routes to suppress the over aggregation tendency
of the PDI chromophores but also rise possibilities to tune and optimize the optoelectronic property of
the molecules.

Objective:
In this work, we reported the design, synthesis, and characterization of three electronaccepting
materials, namely BOZ-PDI, BTZ-PDI, and BIZ-PDI, each with three PDI arms linked to
benzotrioxazole, benzotrithiazole, and benzotriimidazole based center cores, respectively.

Method:
The introduction of electron-withdrawing center cores with heteroatoms does not significantly
complicate the synthesis of the acceptor molecules, but drastically influences the energy levels
of the propeller-like PDI derivatives.

Result:
The highest power conversion efficiency was obtained with benzoxazole-based BOZ-PDI
reaching 7.70% for its higher photon absorption and charge-transport ability.

Conclusion:
This work explores the utilization of electron-withdrawing cores with heteroatoms in the
propeller-like PDI derivatives, which provides a handy tool to construct high-performance nonfullerene
acceptor materials.