bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Permen Jelly Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) dengan Penambahan Karagenan sebagai Gelling Agent
Authors: Nurkaya Hamka 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Dragon fruit is an Indonesian agricultural commodity that contains many essential nutrients for the body. Dragon fruit is known to reduce cholesterol and balance blood sugar levels in the body. Unfortunately, dragon fruit is easily damaged. In addition, dragon fruit also often experiences price declines especially when the amount of harvest is abundant. Therefore, efforts are needed to process dragon fruit into processed products of high economic value; one example is to process them into jelly candies. In this research, jelly candies were made from dragon fruit by using carrageenan as a gelling agent. This study aims to determine the chemical properties and the level of preference of panelists on dragon fruit jelly candy with the addition of carrageenan at different concentrations. The experimental design used in this study is a completely randomized design with 1 treatment factor, namely the difference in carrageenan concentration (3%, 5%, and 7%). The results showed that the water content of dragon fruit jelly candy at all levels of carrageenan concentration had fulfilled SNI-3547-2-2008 with an average value ranging from 4.78 to 6.61% (maximum water content according to SNI was 20%). And the ash content required by SNI-3547-2-2008 for jelly candy is 3% according to the treatment of adding 3% carrageenan with a value of 2.91%. The organoleptic test showed that the best treatment that panelists prefer is the treatment with the addition of 3% carrageenan with an average value of aroma 3.33 (somewhat like), color 3.60 (like), taste 3.53 (like) and texture 3.45 (somewhat like).
Penyulingan Minyak Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) dengan Suhu yang Berbeda
Authors: Farida Aryani  
Published: February 2021

Melaleuca cajuputi merupakan salah satu tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri. Sejak jaman dahulu minyak kayu putih digunakan sebagai obat tradisional, karena baunya yang khas minyak kayu putih digunakan juga sebagai bahan pembuat aroma terapi untuk relaksasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui rendemen dan kualitas minyak kayu putih berdasarkan perbedaan suhu penyulingan. Penyulingan menggunakan alat berupa ketel dengan menggunakan metode penyulingan uap dan air dengan menggunakan perbedaan suhu yaitu 150°C dan 200°C. Selanjutnya dilakukan penghitungan rendemen dan pengujian kualitas yang meliputi Spesific Gravity, indeks bias, dan analisis kandungan senyawa kimia menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menggunakan suhu penyulingan 150°C diperoleh rendemen sebesar 1.99%, spesific grafity 0.9038, indeks bias 1.464,dan analisis GC-MS untuk senyawa aktif 1.8 cineol memiliki 54.56% area. Sedangkan penyulingan pada suhu 200°C memperoleh rendemen sebesar 1.68%, spesific grafity 0.9088, indeks bias 1.465, dan senyawa aktif 1.8 Sineol sebesar 53.67 % area.
A colonialidade do gênero e poder: da pós-colonialidade à decolonialidade
Authors: Mendoza Breny , Pilger da Silva Letícia , De Oliveira Silva Filho Suéliton 
Published: February 2021

Teorias anticoloniais analisam complexas relações de poder entre o colonizador e o colonizado para promover projetos políticos de descolonização. Este artigo situa as teorias feministas anticoloniais em relação a duas linhas de pensamento anticolonial, as teorias pós-colonial e decolonial, particularmente a vertente da teoria decolonial desenvolvida pelos pensadores do grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade da América Latina. Comparam-se os conceitos centrais dos argumentos teóricos e projetos políticos associados a interseccionalidade, feminismo pós-colonial, e o feminismo decolonial que Maria Lugones aprofundou com sua noção de colonialidade de gênero. O artigo explora a recepção do trabalho de Lugones na América Latina e as análises que a teoria decolonial oferece para a criação de projetos contemporâneos de justiça social.
The Influence of the Magmatic to Postmagmatic Evolution of the Parent Rock on the Co Deportment in Lateritic Systems: The Example of the Santa Fé Ni-Co Deposit (Brazil)
Authors: Putzolu F. , Santoro L. , Porto C. , Mondillo N. , Machado M. , Saar De Almeida B. , Bastos A. , Herrington R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Santa Fé Ni-Co deposit is a major undeveloped lateritic deposit located in the Goiás State of Central Brazil. The deposit comprises two properties that together have indicated resources of 35.7 million tonnes (Mt), grading 1.14% Ni and 0.083% Co, and inferred resources of 104.3 Mt at 1.03% Ni and 0.054% Co. The laterite was derived from Late Cretaceous alkaline ultramafic lithologies that experienced an initial silicification from Eocene to Oligocene, followed by lateritization and partial reworking in Miocene-Pliocene. The deposit is characterized both by oxide- and phyllosilicate-dominated ore zones. In the former, Ni- and Co-bearing hematite and goethite dominate the supergene mineralogical assemblage, while ore-bearing Mn oxyhydroxides occur as minor components. In the phyllosilicate-dominated horizons the major Ni-carrying phase is chlorite.
Multivariate statistical analyses (factor analysis and principal components analysis) conducted on the drill core assay database (bulk-rock chemical analyses) showed that significant differences exist between Ni and Co distributions. The Ni distribution is not controlled by any clear geochemical correlation. This is because the highest Ni concentrations have been measured in the ferruginous and in the ochre saprolite zones, where Ni-bearing minerals (chlorite and goethite) are mostly associated with reworked material and only in a limited way, with zones affected by in situ ferrugination. Cobalt has an atypical statistical distribution at Santa Fé if compared with other laterites, correlated not only with Mn but also with Cr in the majority of the laterite facies. From microchemical analyses on several potential Co-bearing minerals, it was found that the Co-Cr association is related to elevated Co contents in residual spinels, representing unweathered phases of the original parent rock now included in the laterite. This element distribution is atypical for Ni-Co laterite deposits, where Co is normally associated with Mn in supergene oxyhydroxides. In the case of the Santa Fé laterite, the Co concentration in spinels is likely related to magmatic and postmagmatic processes that affected the original parent rock before lateritization, specifically (1) orthomagmatic enrichment of Co in chromite, due to its high affinity to spinels in alkaline melts, and (2) trace elements (i.e., Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn) redistribution during the hydrothermal alteration of chromite into ferritchromite. The Santa Fé deposit represents a good example of how the prelateritic evolution of a parent rock strongly affects the efficiency of Co mobilization and enrichment during supergene alteration. Based on the interpretation of metallurgical test work, a fraction of total Co between 20 and 50% is locked in spinels.
Memorias conflictivas en "El desierto" de Carlos Franz
Authors: Pittarello Elide 
Published: February 2021

Los acontecimientos históricos de la novela El desierto de Carlos Franz cubren la dictadura chilena y la transición entre 1973 y 2005. En este trabajo se analiza la manera de tratar los temas de la memoria histórica siguiendo el modelo de tragedia griega, especialmente la interacción entre lo apolíneo y lo dionisíaco elaborados por Friedrich Nietzsche. Tomando como punto de partida el proceso de la memoria histórica alemana, el autor representa el trauma chileno como una cuestión universal con un enfoque transnacional y cosmopolita. Desde el punto de vista trágico, integrado con los conceptos de la biopolítica, el análisis de El desierto cuestiona los problemas de la culpa, de la responsabilidad individual y colectiva, de la práctica de la violencia y la justicia. Sin embargo, no es posible dar con una solución racional. El estilo narrativo de la novela juega un papel fundamental en la presentación de la libertad humana como enigma. La estructura discontinua de la trama, basada en escenas simbólicas y elipsis referenciales entre otras técnicas literarias, concluye con un final circular, nihilista. Se subraya así el origen oscuro del mal y su resistencia fatal contra la esperanza de que pueda haber una civilización habitable. The historical events of the novel El desierto by Carlos Franz concern the Chilean dictatorship and the transition between 1973 and 2005. In this paper we discuss how the topics of historical memory are dealt with following the model of Greek tragedy. It is especially based on the interaction between the Apollonian and the Dionysian principles elaborated by Friedrich Nietzsche. Starting with the process of German historical memory, the author represents the Chilean trauma as a universal question with both a transnational and a cosmopolitan approach. From the tragic point of view, integrated with the concepts of biopolitics, the analysis of El desierto questions the issues of guilt, of individual and collective responsibility, of the practice of violence and justice. However, no rational solution can ultimately be found. The novel’s narrative style plays a fundamental role in the presentation of human freedom as an enigma. The discontinuous structure of the plot, based on symbolic scenes and referential ellipses among other literary techniques, concludes with a circular, nihilistic ending. It underlines the obscure origin of evil and its fatal endurance beyond hope for any livable civilization.
Effect of Self-stitched Double Fabric’s Properties on Tensile and Permeability Performances
Authors: BÜYÜKBAYRAKTAR Raziye Befru 
Published: February 2021

The double fabrics having a complex structure are used in different areas both technically and aesthetically. In this study, tensile and air permeability properties of self-stitched double fabrics were investigated. Firstly, six different self-stitched double fabrics having the same yarn type, same settings, two different weave types, and three different stitching arrangements were designed and manufactured. Then, the tensile properties of these double fabrics were tested by applying tensile test at warp and weft directions, and bias-extension test at 45° bias direction. The effect of structural properties on tensile and air permeability results was discussed statistically. The tensile properties of self-stitched double fabrics having plain weave types are mostly better than 2/2 twill ones. The differences between tensile properties of self-stitched double fabrics generally were not found statistically significant according to stitching arrangement except the double fabric having plain weave type and higher stitching points. On the other hand, the differences between air permeability properties of all self-stitched double fabrics were found statistically significant at 95 % confidence level in terms of both stitching arrangement and weave type.
Two-Dimensional Group-10 Noble-Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Photodetector
Authors: Mu Haoran , Yuan Jian , Lin Shenghuang 
Published: February 2021

2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been widely considered as a promising material for future optoelectronics due to the strong light-matter interaction, fantastic electronic properties and environmental stability. However, the relatively large bandgap and low mobility of conventional TMDs (such as MoS2 and WS2) limit their applications in infra optoelectronics and high-speed photodetection. In this chapter, we introduce a new type of group-10 noble TMDs (NTMDs), which exhibit outstanding properties such as unique structural phase, widely tunable energy gap and high mobility. Till now, various NTMDs-based photodetectors have been realized with ultrabroad detection waveband (200 nm to 10.6 μm), fast response time, high responsivity and detectivity, and polarization sensitivity. NTMDs have been excellent potential candidates for next-generation photodetection devices with high-performance, wafer-scalability and flexibility.
Domestic Pig Germplasms of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Authors: Ponraj Perumal , Kumar De Arun , Bhattacharya Debasis 
Published: February 2021

Andaman and Nicobar Islands are endowed with immaculate flora and fauna biodiversity. Among the indigenous livestock species, pig occupies 27.26%. Andaman and Nicobar Islands have three different categories of domestic pig groups/breeds. Andaman Local pig is prevalent in Andaman group of Islands (South, Middle and North Andaman); Nicobari pig is in Nicobar group of Islands and long snouted Little Andaman wild pig (Schedule II animal under Forest Act, India). Other than the indigenous pigs, pure and crossbreds of Large White Yorkshire are available in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Nicobari Pigs are reared exclusively by Nicobari tribes in Nicobar group of islands and create a well defined socio-economic-ecological status of their tribal society. Nicobari pig occupies a prominent place in custom, festivals and socio-economic status of Nicobari tribes. These Andaman local and Nicobari pigs are reared for meat purpose under free range or semi-intensive system. Nicobari pig is appeared as short, black/brownish in colour and living as a family. Andaman local pig is available in Andaman group of islands and body colour differs from rusty grey to black and brown. Neck and dorsal portion hair are long and thick whereas flank and sides hairs are shorter and thinner. Wild pig of Andaman (Sus scrofa andamanensis) is a most endangered porcine species of Andaman and Nicobar islands. Jarawa tribes in Andaman Islands prefer this wild pig as a good protein source. It is black in colour, short legged, small to medium sized and a prolific breeder. Litter size varies from 4 to 7 numbers. Another pig group is crossbred, cross between Large White Yorkshire and Andaman local or Nicobari pig. Crossbred pigs are light brown to complete white with different lines of blackish colour. This breed exhibits early maturity, high growth rate and fecundity. The Nicobari pig has high prolificacy as litter size is ranging from 8 to 10 numbers with good mothering ability and body weight of matured pig differs from 115 to 130 kg. Moreover, this crossbred is adapted highly to the local tropical humid environmental conditions and also can adjust with locally available feed resources on the different agricultural produces. This is highly suitable for commercial production of pork in this Andaman and Nicobar islands. However, the domestic pig breeds need to be protected and be conserved in this Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands.
History and Current State of Mining in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Deposit
Authors: Stupnik Mykola , Shatokha Volodymyr 
Published: February 2021

In 2021 one of the world’s largest iron ore deposit in Kryvyi Rih (Ukraine) celebrates 140 years of its exploitation history. During the whole period of its existence the deposit has played and continues to play an important role in the development of Ukraine’s economy, being the main basis of its iron and steel industry. More than 6 billion tons of marketable iron ore extracted during this period and some 20 billion tons of waste rock has been mined. The deposit constitutes 82% of Ukraine’s iron ore output making the country the 7th biggest producer and 5th biggest iron ore exporter with value of USD 4 billion in 2019. In this chapter the historic aspects of deposit’s development and current state of its exploration are analyzed, including processing techniques employed to produce high grade iron ore concentrate, sinter and pellets. Characteristics of iron ores’ mineralogical composition and the features of the deposit’s geological genesis are also presented. Special attention is paid to the ongoing and planned modernization and deployment of innovative technologies aimed to enhance the competitiveness and to reduce environmental footprint of exploration.
Type and timing of exercise during lunch breaks for suppressing postprandial increases in blood glucose levels in workers
Authors: Yoko Nishiyama , Hiroshi Yamato , Ying Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia may aid in preventing lifestyle-related diseases in working people. The present study aimed to identify the types and timings of exercises that can be performed by working people during a 60-minute lunch break that are effective in attenuating postprandial increases in blood glucose levels.

Methods
Healthy working people aged 20 years and older were subjected to aerobic (AER) or resistance (RES) exercise before (Pre) and after (Post) lunch, assuming a 60-minute lunch break, with fixed 20-minute lunch and rest periods. These exercise sessions of 4 different patterns were performed by each participant. Serial measurements of blood glucose levels were obtained every 15 minute using a Flash Glucose Monitoring System.

Results
Data were analyzed for 11 participants who completed the protocol. Our incremental area under the curve (IAUC) analysis indicated that the AER-Post condition was associated with the most significant hypoglycemic effect, followed by the AER-Pre condition. Although the RES-Post showed no significant difference, a decrease in the IAUC comparison is apparent. However, the RES-Pre condition exerted no acute effect on blood glucose levels.

Conclusions
Workers may benefit from a 20-minute aerobic exercise period, following a 20-minute lunch and a 20-minute rest period, as this may help prevent progression to diabetes. Furthermore, performing 20-minute aerobic exercises prior to lunch may also attenuate postprandial increases in blood glucose levels. Therefore, if the lunch breaks are short, aerobic exercises are recommended before lunch.
Wheat‐ghretropins: novel ghrelin‐releasing peptides derived from wheat protein
Authors: Tanikawa Kana , Kaneko Kentaro , Abe Shimon , Nakato Jyunya , Tokuyama Yuki , Odaka Sayano , Iwakura Hiroshi , Sato Masaru , Kurabayashi Atsushi , Suzuki Hideyuki , Makita Miki , Ikemoto Hiroyuki , Matsumura Shigenobu , Inoue Kazuo , Ohinata Kousaku 
Published: February 2021

Ghrelin is an endogenous orexigenic hormone mainly produced by stomach cells and is reported to influence appetite, gastrointestinal motility and growth hormone secretion. We observed that enzymatic digest of wheat gluten stimulated ghrelin secretion from mouse ghrelinoma 3‐1, a ghrelin‐releasing cell line. Further on, we characterized the ghrelin‐releasing peptides present in the digest by comprehensive peptide analysis using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and structure–activity relationship. Among the candidate peptides, we found that SQQQQPVLPQQPSF, LSVTSPQQVSY and YPTSL stimulated ghrelin release. We then named them wheat‐ghretropin A, B and C, respectively. In addition, we observed that wheat‐ghretropin A increased plasma ghrelin concentration and food intake in mice after oral administration. Thus, we demonstrated that wheat‐ghretropin stimulates ghrelin release both in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a wheat‐derived exogenous bioactive peptide that stimulates ghrelin secretion.
Visible Light‐Induced [3+2] Cyclization Reactions of Hydrazones with Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Reagents for the Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Dong Jun‐Ying , Wang He , Mao Shukuan , Wang Xin , Zhou Ming‐Dong , Li Lei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, visible‐light‐induced [3+2] cyclization reactions of hydrazones with hypervalent iodine diazo reagents as diazomethyl radical precursors are reported. Mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility were observed. Furthermore, the synthetic utility was demonstrated by gram‐scale synthesis and elaboration to several value‐added products. This protocol broadens the scope of diazo chemistry, and is applicable to the late‐stage functionalization of natural products.magnified image
Seeds enriched with molybdenum improve cowpea yield in sub‐humid tropical regions of Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Ester P. A. , Sodré Danilo N. , Braun Heder , Vieira Rogério F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe possible benefits of molybdenum (Mo)‐enriched seeds for grain legumes have yet to be addressed in sub‐humid tropical areas, where cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important crop. In 2016, seeds with 0.014 (low), 0.674, or 1.987 (high) μg seed−1 of Mo were harvested from plants sprayed with 0, 250, or 850 g ha–1 of Mo, respectively. These seeds were combined with either Bradyrhizobium inoculation (with or without) in 2017 or nitrogen (0 or 60 kg ha−1) in 2018 and evaluated under small farmer management in Maranhão State, Brazil. Maximum nodules plant−1 in these trials was 5.2. In 2017, inoculation acted synergistically with Mo‐enriched seeds by increasing nodule weight. Averaged across inoculation levels, plants originated from high‐Mo seeds had 36% higher leaf N concentration than those raised from low‐Mo seeds. Inoculation did not affect yield, but plants grown from high‐Mo seeds yielded 42% more than those raised from low‐Mo seeds. In 2018, seed Mo content did not affect nodule and yield where urea was applied. However, without urea, plants raised from high‐Mo seeds had 3.5‐fold greater values for nodule number and weight and yielded 70% more than those grown from low‐Mo seeds. We conclude that using Mo‐enriched seeds associated with Bradyrhizobium inoculation would improve cowpea N nutrition and yield in a sustainable way.
Safety and efficacy of cold‐water immersion in the treatment of older patients with heat stroke: a case series
Authors: Ito Chikao , Takahashi Isao , Kasuya Miyuki , Oe Kyoji , Uchino Masahito , Nosaka Hideki , Sakamoto So , Yoshida Ryuhei , Kasuya Satoshi , Fujimori Daisuke , Nakamura Satoshi , Yamada Eri , Kanda Jun 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHeat stroke treatment focuses on rapid cooling because symptom severity correlates with the duration of hyperthermia (i.e., time during which the core body temperature is sustained above the critical threshold). Several reports have revealed that cold‐water immersion is a safe and appropriate therapy for exertional heat stroke in young, otherwise healthy patients. However, few reports have assessed cold‐water immersion in older patients. We document three cases of cold‐water immersion in older heat stroke patients and evaluate its safety and efficacy.Case presentationThree older patients with severe heat stroke were treated with cold‐water immersion. Core body temperatures decreased rapidly, and no complications occurred during the treatment.ConclusionCold‐water immersion can achieve rapid cooling and is effective in treating heat stroke. With special precautions, it can be performed safely for older patients. Further investigation is warranted to establish appropriate cooling methods in older adults.