bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ubiquitous soil verrucomicrobial clade ‘Candidatus Udaeobacter’ shows preferences for acidic pH
Authors: Willms Inka M. , Bolz Simon H. , Yuan Jingyue , Krafft Lisa , Schneider Dominik , Schöning Ingo , Schrumpf Marion , Nacke Heiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMembers of the verrucomicrobial clade ‘Candidatus Udaeobacter’ rank among the most dominant bacterial phylotypes in soil. Nevertheless, despite this global prevalence, in‐depth analyses with respect to pH preferences of ‘Ca. Udaeobacter’ representatives are still lacking. Here, we utilized a recently designed primer pair, specifically targeting ‘Ca. Udaeobacter’, to investigate links between soil pH and the abundance as well as phylotype composition of this largely unexplored verrucomicrobial clade. Based on 150 forest and 150 grassland soils, comprising a broad pH range, we determined the highest total abundance of ‘Ca. Udaeobacter’ in strongly acidic soil (pH, ~5.1) and, noteworthy, in ultra‐acidic soil (pH < 3.5) and at a pH ≥ 7, its abundance drastically declined. When we analysed the six most dominant amplicon sequence variants affiliated with ‘Ca. Udaeobacter’ separately, their abundances peaked within a pH range of approximately 4.7–5.2, and only in one case at slightly acidic soil pH (pH, 6.1). Our study benefits from a combination of quantitative real‐time PCR and high‐throughput amplicon sequencing, enabling for the first time a highly specific abundance analysis of representatives affiliated with ‘Ca. Udaeobacter’, which revealed that this globally abundant verrucomicrobial clade shows preferences for acidic soil.
Thoracoscopic pulmonary metastasectomy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Yun Ju Sik , Kim Eunchong , Na Kook Joo , Song Sang Yun , Jeong In Seok , Oh Sang Gi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of thoracoscopic metastasectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine its prognostic factors.MethodsOf the 181 patients who underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary metastases from CRC between 2011 and 2017, 173 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical outcomes, long‐term survival, and the factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed.ResultsThe patients in the study were predominantly male (n = 104, 60.1%), and the median age was 65 years (range, 25–83 years). The median follow‐up time was 46 months (range, 0–114 months). The surgical procedures were 156 wedge resections, five segmentectomies, and 12 lobectomies. Conversion to thoracotomy was required in nine patients. The postoperative complication rate was 2.9%, and the in‐hospital mortality rate was 1.2%. The overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 94.8%, 70.6%, and 51.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the prognostic factors for survival were age (p = 0.027), pathological stage of CRC (p = 0.019), prior extrathoracic metastasis (p = 0.005), preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level (p = 0.020), number of pulmonary metastases (p = 0.011), and disease‐free interval (p = 0.026). In the multivariate analysis, two factors were related to prognosis: age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.881; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.189–2.976; p = 0.007) and prior extrathoracic metastasis (HR, 2.170; 95% CI; 1.269–3.711; p = 0.005).ConclusionsVATS for pulmonary metastasectomy for CRC can be performed relatively safely, and our results regarding long‐term survival are comparable with those of other studies. In this study, older age (≥70 years) and prior extrathoracic metastasis were independent prognostic factors of poor prognosis.
Scavenging patterns of generalist predators in forested areas: The potential implications of increase in carrion availability on a threatened capercaillie population
Authors: Tobajas Jorge , Oliva‐Vidal Pilar , Piqué Josep , Afonso‐Jordana Ivan , García‐Ferré Diego , Moreno‐Opo Rubén , Margalida Antoni 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe increases in ungulate populations and hunting bags throughout Europe and North America have resulted in higher carcass numbers available for mesocarnivore species in temperate and boreal forests. The increase in food resources can sustain denser predator populations, potentially affecting prey species such as the threatened western capercaillie Tetrao urogallus. We investigated the ungulate population trends in recent decades and the carrion use by facultative scavengers in areas of the Pyrenees occupied by capercaillie to assess the potential effects on predation of nests and adult birds, and on its population trend. We found a significant increase in the number of ungulates harvested during the period of sharp capercaillie population decline. Carrion was provided experimentally in forested areas occupied by capercaillie showing that remains were mainly consumed by red fox Vulpes vulpes, followed by wild boar Sus scrofa and marten species (Martes sp.). Season (cold or warm) was the most important factor determining scavenging activity in most species. Main predators of capercaillie nests and adults were martens and red fox, with no predation by wild boar. Our data show that main predators of capercaillie are the same species that mainly consume carrion, especially in winter, and that plentiful carrion resources could maintain higher populations of these species, potentially increasing predation pressure on the capercaillie population. This study shows that managing carrion arising from hunting activity in areas of capercaillie distribution is a necessary management action to reduce the available carrion biomass and so reduce the impact of mesocarnivores on capercaillie conservation.
Clystopsenella australiana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae): first species of the genus found outside the Neotropical region
Authors: Lepeco Anderson , Melo Gabriel A R 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClystopsenella Kieffer, 1911 is one of four extant genera included in the family Scolebythidae. This wasp family is the smallest within Chrysidoidea with six extant species described so far. To date, there are only two described species in the genus Clystopsenella—the extant Clystopsenella longiventris Kieffer, 1911 and the fossil C. mirabilis Engel, 2015, from Miocene Dominican amber. The extant species is found throughout the neotropics and has been recorded from Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Panama and Belize. Besides this, Clystopsenella had already been recorded in the Australian fauna, indicating that the genus is not strictly Neotropical. In the present work, Clystopsenella australiana sp. nov. is described based on the single specimen ever recorded, which was collected over 100 years ago in Bribie Island, Queensland. The presence of Clystopsenella in Australia adds to the intricate scenario of disjunct distributions within the family and agrees with the restriction of Scolebythidae to warm areas.
Anonychomyrma inclinata sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): description, biology and interaction with the endangered bulloak jewel butterfly, Hypochrysops piceatus Kerr, Macqueen & Sands, 1969 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Lewis Jon , Sands Don 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ant Anonychomyrma inclinata sp. nov. is described. It is an arboreal species, nesting in hollows of living mature trees including Allocasuarina luehmannii, Angophora leiocarpa and various Eucalyptus species. Anonychomyrma inclinata can form colonies which are among the most populous recorded for an ant species in Australia, with over 10 000 workers and a total population of 170 000, including all castes. The ant forms extensive trails, forages for insects, collects nectar from a range of flowering plants including many mistletoes and collects honeydew from Hemiptera. The ant's distribution extends from northern inland New South Wales and south central inland Queensland, as far north‐east as Home Hill, on the Burdekin River. The ant is an obligate attendant of the immature stages of the endangered bulloak jewel butterfly, Hypochrysops piceatus Kerr, Macqueen & Sands, 1969, and the southern population of the sapphire azure, Ogyris aenone Waterhouse, 1902. The distribution of A. inclinata is much wider than that currently known for H. piceatus, suggesting that suitable breeding sites may exist for this rare butterfly in areas not previously surveyed. While A. inclinata appears relatively widespread and is able to utilise a wide range of tree species, it is reliant, like H. piceatus, on mature live trees and so is subject to threats including vegetation clearance, timber‐getting, grazing, and increased drought and fire frequency. Due to its critical importance in the life cycle of H. piceatus, any action taken to conserve the butterfly must also consider the importance of preserving healthy populations of A. inclinata.
Social Accountability in Movies: Speculations on Legal Principle and Emotional Reasoning
Authors: Zhou Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe three films discussed here are all adapted works based on real‐life incidents that have happened in China pertaining to child trafficking, drug smuggling, and kidnapping. Although the films depict the roads traveled and lives lived by the particular characters, more importantly, they enable the audience to realize that characters cannot be viewed in terms of black and white. Rather, characters should be viewed as “gray.” Specifically, all characters are portrayed as both selfless and profit driven. They are forced to confront hidden pain caused by the trials and tribulations of life. That pain is coupled with a sense of helplessness and a need to face life’s changes brought about by the failure of the government’s social management system. Being under constant pressure, the dregs of society pursue their own selfish interests, thereby infringing on the interests of others. When criminals are at their worst, the audience is looking for their goodness amidst the opposing forces of legality and sentimentality, egoism and altruism. Audiences are hoping for some form of redemption in characters who are wrestling with responsibility and obligation. This not only gives the characters a sense of inclusiveness, but it also gives viewers comfort regarding our shared humanity. At the same time, the upsurge of public opinion triggered by these realistic films has accelerated government reform and enhancement of the social system. Thus, socially oriented movies in China have had large social value and practical significance.
In Hollywood, Representation of Marginalized People Has its Moment
Authors: Harrington Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor many decades, Hollywood movies contributed to the stereotyping of people of color. Although many of those stereotypes persist in contemporary works, the increasing number of works directed and produced by Black artists has generated some excellent movies, including 12 Years a Slave, Selma, Fruitvale Station, Time, Loving, and The Hate U Give, and TV series such as The Boondocks, Insecure, Queen Sugar, Atlanta, Black‐ish, The Chi, and Dear White People. No longer is Hollywood dependent on the voices of well‐intentioned white directors, who often relied on the tired myth of the white savior or hero who protects African Americans from injustice. Series such as Small Axe show how Black people have been working for justice on their own behalf for decades, whether recognized by whites or not. Representation in Hollywood is finally catching up with historical realities.
Land and Social Status in Movies
Authors: Wadsworth Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSocial class is mostly inherited, but what is the source? From movies and TV, we can see how high social status often originates with efforts to gain control of strategic locations in an earlier generation. With that advantage and the economic leverage it offers, family fortunes are transformed into social standing. Westerns, such as Pale Rider and Once Upon a Time in the West, reveal how violence often lies at the root of today‘s social differences. Chinatown demonstrates how the same corrupt processes work in an urban setting. As long as private wealth gained through deceit or coercion can be sanitized in the next generation, rent seeking will remain the most popular means of gaining power. Filmmakers can help us see how these processes actually play out and possibly teach us how to prevent them.
What it Means to Be a Muslim Living in India: Insights from Experience and from Bollywood Movies
Authors: Niyaz Ahmad Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn India, there are a number of popular movies released every year in which Muslims are exemplified as negative characters such as dons, villains, or terrorists. This type of propaganda harms the image of an entire community. Only modern education has enabled Muslims to gain an accepted place with other communities living in India. Hence, Bollywood movies tend to present a peculiar image of Muslims, in their everyday struggles and aspirations, seeking to prove that they are patriotic nationalists.This article draws on two famous movies—Mulk and Shahid—and on my own fieldwork with Muslim communities, which is exemplified by the narratives of a Muslim man named Saleem who hails from Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh and currently lives in Mumbai. Based on those sources, this article sheds light on the humiliations of being a Muslim in India today, the struggles they face, and their aspirations to prove themselves patriots so they might be allowed to live a dignified life. The experiences of Saleem and the characters in the movies reveal that education is an influential instrument in bringing positive change in the life of Muslims.
Skin tumour specimen shrinkage with excision and formalin fixation—how much and why: a prospective study and discussion of the literature
Authors: de Waal John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgical skin specimens are known to undergo significant shrinkage when excised and processed. The degree of shrinkage is important for medical care, research and third‐party assessment. Studies to date have shown variable degrees of shrinkage. Most have included multiple and sometimes unspecified variables—different surgeons, varied sites, ill‐defined excision patterns and/or multiple pathologies. This study tries to exclude many of these variables to try to ascertain a more accurate predictor of shrinkage with a single surgeon, lower limb only site using a controlled excision pattern and restricted pathology cohort.Method100 previously untreated malignant BCC's and SCC's on the lower limb were excised and measurements made of the resulting wound and the specimen removed. Measurements were subsequently made after pathologic processing and statistically compared.ResultsWith excision of lower limb skin tumours the surgical defect enlarges significantly (15%) and the specimen shrinks significantly (20%) in both length (12%) and width (9%). The specimen shrinks a further 11%—again shrinking in length (8%) and width (2.6%) with formalin processing. The pathology specimen is 28.6% smaller than the specimen marked for excision. Anatomical site contributes to the degree of shrinkage. The pathologic specimen is only 75% of the suture repaired wound length.ConclusionsSkin specimens shrink significantly both with excision and processing. Most shrinkage (70%) takes place with excision while the remaining 30% with processing. The shrinkage takes place disproportionately in the normal tissue component of the specimen. Age, anatomical location, and pathology appear to play a part.
Ulnar‐sided wrist pain: a prospective analysis of diagnostic clinical tests
Authors: Ou Yang Owen , McCombe David B. , Keating Cameron , Maloney Peter P. , Berger Anthony C. , Tham Stephen K. Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying the cause of pain on the ulnar side of the wrist can be challenging. The outcome and recovery following surgery can be unpredictable. The aim of this study was to document and analyse the clinical tests used to evaluate the cause of ulnar‐sided wrist pain and determine their diagnostic relevance.MethodsThis is a prospective evaluation of 110 patients who presented with pain on the ulnar side of the wrist. The clinical evaluation and results from radiological investigations were documented and analysed.ResultsThere were 17 different diagnoses. Eighty‐five percent of the diagnoses were triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries, ulnocarpal abutment syndrome (UCAS), pisotriquetral arthritis (PTA), triquetral fracture or non‐union, distal radioulnar joint arthritis (DRUJ OA) and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) pathology. The ulnocarpal stress test and ulnar foveal sign were positive in several diagnoses. The ulnar foveal sign had a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 48% for TFCC injuries, and 85% and 37% for UCAS, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of pisotriquetral shear test for PTA was 100% and 92%, respectively. Patients with PTA or ECU pathology localised their pain better on the patient's pain localisation chart.ConclusionDiagnosis of TFCC injuries, UCAS, DRUJ OA and ECU injuries are challenging as the clinical symptoms and signs for the four diagnoses were similar and required either magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography for diagnostic confirmation after clinical examination. The ulnocarpal stress test and the ulnar foveal sign were not sufficiently specific.
The experiences of sepsis in people with a learning disability—a qualitative investigation
Authors: Grant Nerissa , Hewitt Olivia , Ash Katie , Knott Fiona 
Published: August 2021

Accessible summary
Sepsis is a very serious illness. It is a common cause of death in people with learning disabilities.
We wanted to understand what it is like for people with a learning disability to have sepsis.
We asked three people with a learning disability and five of their carers what it was like when they had sepsis. We asked about their health before sepsis, how their sepsis was treated and what health services could have done better.
Carers often felt that people's mental health was worse after sepsis. They thought that even when people were physically better, their mood and behaviour was still affected.
After sepsis, people were more worried about their physical health, and carers were careful to follow up on every health concern.

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a common cause of death within the general population and the third most common cause of death for people with a learning disability, suggesting an increased vulnerability or different trajectory within this population. Despite this, there is currently no research into the direct lived experiences of people with a learning disability who develop and recover from sepsis.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 3 people with a learning disability (average age of 44.7, range of age 33 to 68) who experienced sepsis and 5 carers (1 familial and 4 professional carers) (average age of 48.8, range of age 43 to 58) who had supported an individual with a learning disability while they had sepsis. Sepsis was caused by a range of physical health problems. Face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsSix main themes were identified: chronic and acute pre‐existing health conditions, experiences within the hospital setting, physical recovery, mental recovery, returning to a normal life and the implications of sepsis.The findings highlighted some of the ongoing difficulties for people with intellectual disabilities in accessing timely healthcare provision and the ongoing mental health problems, even after physically recovering from sepsis. People with a learning disability have more comorbid health conditions which may compound the longer‐term effects of sepsis.ConclusionFuture research should be conducted with people with learning disabilities about their experiences shortly after recovery from sepsis, to mitigate the effects of memory difficulties in recalling experiences.
‘It will make more people feel included if they can talk to them in their first language’: The experience of university students with an intellectual disability engaging in a formal Irish Sign Language Course
Authors: Spassiani Natasha A. , Clince Maria , Ó Murchadha Noel 
Published: August 2021

Accessible Summary

Learning a second language can provide people with more opportunities to be included in society. For example, they could have more opportunities for employment, social activities and travel.

However, people with intellectual disabilities are typically not given the opportunity to learn a second language because people think they do not have the ability to learn more than one language.

This study looked at the experiences of university students with intellectual disabilities who took part in an Irish Sign Language course.

The study used a focus group (a group interview) to speak to six university students with intellectual disabilities and found that students spoke about their experience with learning Irish Sign Language, the class design and the importance of learning Irish Sign Language.

This study showed that people with intellectual disabilities critically reflected on their experience of learning a second language. More research is needed to see if this finding is common amongst individuals with intellectual disabilities.

AbstractBackgroundOpportunities for people with intellectual disabilities to become bi/multilingual tend not to be widely available despite demonstrated linguistic and extralinguistic advantages associated with an ability to use more than one language. This article focuses on the learning experiences of students with intellectual disabilities in learning Irish Sign Language (ISL) as part of a university course tailored for students with intellectual disabilities.MethodsThe sample consisted of six adults with intellectual disabilities who were enrolled in a full‐time university programme in Ireland. Students were required to take a 12‐week course entitled Language and Society, which included ISL lab sessions. A focus group was conducted asking questions that focused on the students’ experience of taking part in a formalided ISL class.FindingsThree themes were generated in the analysis of the data: learning ISL, class design and implications of taking an ISL course. Findings showed that participants reflected critically on their learning experiences, their expectations of learning ISL, class content and social implications of learning ISL.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential of people with intellectual disabilities to be able to critically engage in second language learning.
Subtype‐selective positive modulation of KCa2 channels depends on the HA/HB helices
Authors: Nam Young‐Woo , Cui Meng , El‐Sayed Naglaa Salem , Orfali Razan , Nguyen Misa , Yang Grace , Rahman Mohammad Asikur , Lee Judy , Zhang Miao 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeIn the activated state of small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated potassium (KCa2) channels, calmodulin interacts with the HA/HB helices and the S4‐S5 linker. CyPPA potentiates KCa2.2a and KCa2.3 channel activity but not the KCa2.1 and KCa3.1 subtypes.Experimental ApproachSite‐directed mutagenesis, patch‐clamp recordings and in silico modelling were utilised to explore the structural determinants for the subtype‐selective modulation of KCa2 channels by CyPPA.Key ResultsMutating residues in the HA (V420) and HB (K467) helices of KCa2.2a channels to their equivalent residues in KCa3.1 channels diminished the potency of CyPPA. CyPPA elicited prominent responses on mutant KCa3.1 channels with an arginine residue in the HB helix substituted for its equivalent lysine residue in the KCa2.2a channels (R355K). KCa2.1 channels harbouring a three‐amino‐acid insertion upstream of the cognate R438 residues in the HB helix showed no response to CyPPA, whereas the deletion mutant (KCa2.1_ΔA434/Q435/K436) became sensitive to CyPPA. In molecular dynamics simulations, CyPPA docked between calmodulin C‐lobe and the HA/HB helices widens the cytoplasmic gate of KCa2.2a channels.Conclusion and ImplicationsSelectivity of CyPPA among KCa2 and KCa3.1 channel subtypes relies on the HA/HB helices.