bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators of Elder Mistreatment: Correlates among Veterans Receiving Care in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Jedele Jenefer , Griffin Cameron , Weitlauf Julie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among community-dwelling adults ages 65 and older, approximately 11% have experienced elder mistreatment (EM), including physical, emotional or sexual abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation. EM research typically focuses on this age group; however, Veterans receiving Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care have increased earlier morbidity, which may accelerate the impacts of EM. Using a cohort of all VHA Veterans 50 years and older with VHA use in 2018-2020, we examined correlates of EM. ICD-10 codes from clinical encounters identified Veterans with indications of EM (n=4,427). A 10% sample of Veterans without indications of EM was selected for comparison (n=530,535). Logistic regression compared EM+ Veterans to the comparison sample and assessed overall demographic and clinical differences as well as differences by age, i.e. 50-64 versus 65 and older. Overall, female gender (OR=5.3, 95% CI=4.3-6.5), non-white race/ethnicity (OR=1.7, CI=1.5-1.9), dementia (OR=3.0, CI=2.6-3.5), PTSD (OR=2.0, CI=1.6-2.5), anxiety (OR=1.3, CI=1.0-1.5), military service connected disability status (OR=1.3, CI=1.1-1.5), and higher Elixhauser medical morbidity scores (OR=1.1, CI=1.1-1.1) were associated with EM. Prior year ER visits (OR=28.0, CI=23.6-33.4), inpatient stays (OR=14.0, CI=11.5-17.0), and mental health visits (OR=26.1, CI=22.2-30.6) also predicted EM+ status. Forty-six percent of VHA Veterans with indicators of EM were aged 50-64. For these Veterans, female gender, PTSD, service connection, and mental health visits were associated with increased risk of EM compared to Veterans 65+. Findings highlight clinical correlates of EMs among Veterans in VHA care. Increased awareness of EM risk factors is warranted and may inform VHA efforts for EM prevention, detection and intervention.
Living in the New Normal: Effect of Residential Setting on Perception of a Meaningful Life among Older Women
Authors: Scott Judith , Graham Helen , Mayo Ann , Benton Melissa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Perception of a meaningful life is related to depression, anxiety, and general well-being. The sense that one’s life is meaningful influences overall quality of life, which influences aging well. It is not clear whether differences in residential setting influence perception of a meaningful life. This study evaluated the effect of residential setting (community versus assisted living) on perception of a meaningful life in 48 older (79.7 ± 1.0 years) women living in the community (n=24) or assisted living (n=24) who were pair matched by age. They completed a one-time questionnaire regarding self-rated health and whether life has meaning. Both questions were scored on a 5-point scale with 0 indicating poor health or no life meaning and 4 indicating excellent health or strong life meaning. There were no significant differences in age between women in community living (CL) and assisted living (AL) (78.0 ± 09 vs. 81.5 ± 1.6 years, respectively; p=0.7). Both groups also reported similar self-rated health scores (CL: 2.4 ± 0.2; AL: 2.2 ± 0.2; p=0.4), indicating good-very good health. However, there were significant differences between groups in their perception of a meaningful life. Women in CL reported significantly lower scores compared to women in AL (2.9 ± 0.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.1; p=0.006), indicating that women in CL perceived a less meaningful life. Based on our findings, it appears that the supportive infrastructure provided by AL residential settings may promote quality of life and successful aging by enhancing the perception of a more meaningful life.
The Impact of Unmet ADL Need on the Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction of Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Huang Jing , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Chau Pui Hing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to examine the associations of change in unmet need for assistance with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) with the self-rated health and life satisfaction of community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Using national longitudinal data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study, we examined the associations of unmet ADL need with self-rated health and with life satisfaction from baseline (T1) to a 3-year follow-up (T2) among 1,914 older adults with ADL limitation. Change in unmet ADL need was categorized into “Persistently Unmet”, “Unmet at T1 Only”, “Unmet at T2 Only”, and “Never Unmet”. Self-rated health and life satisfaction were rated by 5-point Likert scales. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the associations, controlling for sociodemographic factors, health conditions, and social support. The results showed that older adults whose ADL needs were persistently unmet, those unmet at T2 only, and those never unmet, experienced a significant decline in self-rated health from baseline to follow-up, but those unmet at T1 only experienced a significant rise in self-rated health. While the life satisfaction was stable from baseline to follow-up among older adults whose ADL needs were persistently unmet or never unmet, it significantly decreased among those unmet at T2 only and significantly increased among those unmet at T1 only. The effects of unmet ADL need on self-rated health and life satisfaction appeared to be short-term rather than long-term. These findings facilitate a better understanding of unmet ADL need and emphasize the importance to fully meet the ADL needs of older adults.
Women with Obesity Are More Likely to Have Long-Term Indwelling Bladder Catheterization in U.S. Nursing Homes
Authors: Harris John , Ackenbom Mary , Trinkoff Alison , Handler Steven , Engberg John , Wolf David , Castle Nicholas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reducing indwelling catheters and increasing clean intermittent catheterization is a key element of effective infection control and maintaining functional independence in nursing homes. Nursing care is often more difficult as obesity increases, leading to more nursing care or equipment to provide care. We hypothesized that nursing homes are more likely to use indwelling catheters for people with obesity because indwelling catheterization likely eases the nursing burden of toileting and personal hygiene care for residents with obesity. The study design was a retrospective cohort study of U.S. nursing home female residents in Minimum Data Set in 2013. Obesity and normal weight (the reference group) were categorized using National Institutes of Health criteria. Indwelling and intermittent bladder catheterization was defined during periodic assessment of residents. We modeled the outcomes using logistic regression using a robust variance estimator. Model covariates included obesity category, resident age, dementia status, comatose status, Stage 3 or 4 pressure ulcers, and the number of activities of daily living deficits. The study cohort included 1,068,388 female residents in 15,230 nursing homes. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) prevalence was 31.9%. The prevalence of indwelling catheterization was 5.2% and of intermittent catheterization was 0.4%. The odds ratio of indwelling catheter use for obese residents varied from 1.05 to 1.74 (all with p-values &lt;0.001), whereas the odds ratio. of intermittent catheter use varied from 0.84 to 0.46 (all with p-values &lt;0.01) compared to residents of normal weight. Increasing obesity is independently associated with increased long-term indwelling bladder catheterization and decreased intermittent catheterization.
Development of a Multi-Modal, Dyadic Intervention for Persistent Pain: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fox Aimee , Fruhauf Christine , Portz Jennifer , Van Puymbroeck Marieke , Sharp Julia , Leach Heather , Schmid Arlene 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
People who experience persistent pain often require help from a family member, partner, or friend. These caregivers frequently have pain, but are often not included in interventions. Caregivers and care-receivers who both experience pain are more likely to be socially isolated, experience communication conflict, and have decreased quality of life. Interventions should target caregiving dyads to help them manage their pain together. Feasibility studies that include manual development, intervention evaluation, and refinement of intervention manuals support randomized controlled trials and help move interventions from research to practice. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore (a) the needs of caregiving dyads, (b) input from medical and allied health experts, and (c) feedback from intervention facilitators and evaluators, informing the development and refinement of an intervention manual for people with persistent pain. A total of 16 caregiving dyads and one individual (caregiver couldn’t participate) experiencing pain participated in focus groups. Eight experts then participated in a focus group or one-on-one interview. Lastly, after the intervention ended, 15 intervention facilitators and fidelity evaluators participated in one focus group. Data were uploaded into NVivo software and analyzed using constant comparison. Findings identified the importance of interventions to focus on pain interference, novel and modifiable approaches to managing pain as a dyad, and addressing the emotional and psychological effects of experiencing pain. Using qualitative approaches to develop, test, and refine an intervention manual enhances the relevancy, acceptability, and translation of our intervention to meet the needs of caregiving dyads experiencing pain.
Gender Differences in Pain: Examining Explanations for the Association
Authors: Michael Cherish , Barrett Anne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Physical pain is a gendered experience: Women report higher levels of it than do men. This pattern may stem from differences in experiences of the body. Women are socialized to be attentive to its functioning, appearance, and sensations, while men are discouraged from paying much attention to their bodies. Little is known, however, about the precise social and economic pathways leading to gender differences in pain, especially in middle and later life when pain is most prevalent. We examine this issue using data from Wave 3 of Midlife in the United States (2013-2014). We consider four possible explanations for women’s more frequent reports of pain: economic security, physical and mental health, social relationships, and discrimination. Results indicate that women are more likely than men to report experiencing chronic pain, as well as greater effects of it on their everyday lives. However, only two of the explanations contributed to explaining this association. Economic security and physical and mental health accounted for substantial portions of the association between gender and pain – 57 and 73 percent, respectively. In contrast, no mediating role was observed for either women’s social relationships, in particular the greater strain they experience in them, or their more frequent reports of everyday and lifetime discrimination. The final model including all the possible explanations revealed that gender was no longer significant, suggesting that middle-aged and older women’s greater pain is explained by their worse health and economic circumstances.
A Coordinated Analysis Examining the Association Between Personality Traits and Cognitive Dispersion
Authors: Yoneda Tomiko , Marroig Alejandra , Willroth Emily , Graham Eileen , Hofer Scott , Mroczek Daniel , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cognitive dispersion is the degree of within-person variation in performance across cognitive tasks at the same testing occasion. Existing literature indicates that cognitive dispersion may be an early marker of poor brain health, dementia and mortality. Limited research, however, has examined individual differences in cognitive dispersion. Although personality traits are associated with individual differences in cognitive functioning, no research has examined personality and cognitive dispersion. In this project, we execute a pre-registered, coordinated analysis of seven diverse, international longitudinal studies of aging (Ntotal=33,581; mean age range=56.4-71.2) to investigate the extent to which the Big Five personality traits are associated with cognitive dispersion. For methodological approach, see /osf.io/wrnjq/. Cognitive dispersion scores were derived from cognitive test results, and independent linear regression models were fit independently in each study to examine personality traits as predictors of dispersion scores, adjusting for mean cognitive performance and socio-demographics (age, sex, education). Results from individual studies were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Results revealed minimal evidence for associations between cognitive dispersion and personality traits in independent analyses or in meta-analyses. Based on the meta-analytic estimates, only higher levels of openness were associated with greater cognitive dispersion. Mean cognitive scores were negatively associated with cognitive dispersion across the majority of studies, indicating that individuals with higher mean performance had less dispersed cognitive scores. Our study contributes to the replicability and transparency efforts characteristic of open science by pre-registering our study and drawing on the collaborative network of the Integrative Analysis of Longitudinal Studies of Aging and Dementia (IALSA).
Impact of Personality Features and Interpersonal Problems on Anxiety Among Older Adults
Authors: Noel Olivia , Segal Daniel , Granier Katie , Pifer Marissa , Stone Lisa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety is a significant mental health problem among older adults and is associated with multiple other mental disorders, poor psychosocial functioning, and reduced quality of life. Personality traits and disorders, along with interpersonal problems, may play a significant role in anxiety, but these relationships are not well understood among older adults. This study examined relationships between anxiety with normative personality traits, personality disorder (PD) features, and interpersonal problems. Method: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 130) completed the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), Coolidge Axis Two Inventory (CATI), Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2), and Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Problems (CSIP). Results: Anxiety was positively correlated with 13 of 14 CATI PD scales, ranging from .23 (Narcissistic) to .61 (Depressive). Regarding normative personality, anxiety was associated with Agreeableness (-.23), Conscientiousness (-.30), Extraversion (-.31), and Negative Emotionality (.56). Regarding interpersonal problems, anxiety was positively related to all eight CSIP scales: Self-Sacrificing (.30), Domineering (.31), Exploitable (.40), Intrusive (.41), Self-centered (.47), Nonassertive (.50), Socially Inhibited (.60), and Distant/Cold (.62). Regression analyses indicated that PD features accounted for the most variance in anxiety (53%), followed by interpersonal problems, (46%) and normative personality traits (33%). Discussion: Anxiety appears to be meaningfully associated with PD features, several aspects of normative personality, and interpersonal problems, suggesting that these variables may play a role in the development of anxiety, or vice versa. Our findings especially speak to the growing awareness of the deleterious impact of PD features on clinical syndromes in later life, as evidenced by strong comorbidities with anxiety.
Effects of Tai Chi on Biomarkers and Their Implication to Neurorehabilitation – A Systemic Review
Authors: Liu Howe , Salem Yasser 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: As an effective holistic therapeutic exercise program, Tai Chi (TC) has been widely used for patients with a variety of neurological disorders. In last 1-2 decades, there has been an increase in the number of research studies that examined the TC effects on biomarkers andIntroduction: As an effective holistic therapeutic exercise program, Tai Chi (TC) has been widely used for patients with a variety of neurological disorders. In last 1-2 decades, there has been an increase in the number of research studies that examined the TC effects on biomarkers including inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stressors, and neurotrophic factors. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review such effects and their possible implications to neurorehabilitation. Method: In this systematic review, we searched TC-related articles from the last 15 years until July 2020 that had investigated changes of biomarkers after TC practice. The search identified 24 studies that were included in our analysis. Results: It is found that TC practice is able to 1) reduce pro-inflammatory and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines (including Interleukins -1, 6, 10, 12, tumor necrosis factor, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and the C-reactive protein); 2) decrease oxidative stress factors (like plasma 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonylation); and 3) increase neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and N-Acetylaspartate). Conclusions: TC may take effect on patients with neurological dysfunctions through anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and neural health promotion.
Do State Agency on Aging Strategic Plans Include Terms Related to Malnutrition?
Authors: Arensberg Mary Beth , Gahche Jaime , Dwyer Johanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Demand for federal nutrition assistance programs is increasing as the older population grows and further accelerated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adult nutrition programs are based on federal nutrition guidelines that have traditionally focused on healthy populations, yet many older adults have multiple chronic conditions/advanced age. Some guidelines are changing; the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recognize older adults’ risk for malnutrition and also need for adequate protein to prevent lean muscle loss with age. The 2020 Older Americans Act (OAA) reauthorization included reduction of malnutrition in OAA’s official purpose and added program participant screening for malnutrition. The OAA requires State Agencies on Aging submit multiyear strategic plans to receive program funding, but it is unknown how the plans address risks for malnutrition, including overweight, underweight, and muscle loss (sarcopenia/frailty). We searched 51 State Agency on Aging strategic plans posted at advancingstates.org to determine their frequency of mentioning nutrition, malnutrition/underweight/undernutrition, obesity/overweight, frail/frailty, sarcopenia, and dietary supplements/oral nutrition supplements (DS/ONS)/meal replacements. Every state plan included nutrition but less than a third included malnutrition. There was wide variability in how nutrition and malnutrition were incorporated into state goals and strategies. Very few plans included obesity, frailty, and DS/ONS terms; none included sarcopenia. Although there has been some movement, there is need for many State Agencies on Aging plans to address all aspects of malnutrition including overweight, underweight/other factors related to muscle loss (sarcopenia/frailty) that adversely impact healthy aging. Wide disparities in plan structure/use of terms create opportunities for more common approaches/definitions.
Rural/Urban Differences in Sleep Disorders Among Older Adults in Ghana
Authors: Oladimeji Abolade 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sleep plays a significant role in the maintenance of the body, and experiences of sleep disorders may have adverse health outcomes on older adults. While a substantial number of studies have documented rural and urban differences in sleep quality and duration, none has examined rural/urban differences in sleep disorders among older adults in Ghana. The analytical sample included 2,142 older adults (65 years and above) who are part of the cross-national study of the Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE) conducted in Ghana in 2007 (µage = 74, female 54%). The analysis was based on multivariate logistic regression in predicting the odds of experiencing sleep difficulty among older adults and how this may differ based on rural/urban residence. Results reveal that net of other factors, older adults in rural Ghana are more likely to experience sleep disorders than their urban counterparts (OR=1.29, P&lt;.05). Possession of Jewelry in Africa is a symbol of higher social status, the result shows that net of other factors, those who own jewelry are more likely to experience sleep disorder than those who do not possess jewelry (OR=1.69, P&lt;.001), those who are obese show greater odds of sleep disorder than those with normal weight (OR=1.59, P&lt;.01). Other significant differences were education, self-rated health, and feeling of happiness. These findings show that causal factors of sleep disorder among older adults are multifactorial and their underlying mechanisms may vary by geography(rural/urban)
Racial/ Ethnic and Gender Differences in Older Adults’ Chronic Stress Patterns
Authors: Wang Kun , Suntai Zainab 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chronic stress has been associated with several adverse psychological, physical, and cognitive outcomes. While there exists a baseline level of stress among all individuals, certain groups of people are at risk of developing chronic stress due to existing hardships and stressors. Black Indigenous and/or people of color (BIPOC) and women have historically experienced several inequities including higher rates of certain chronic illnesses, interpersonal discrimination, socioeconomic disparities, and several other adverse outcomes. In addition to stressors from racial/ethnic and gender identities, older adulthood is a major transitional period marked by changes in physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being, which have been shown to affect overall well-being and mental health. As such, this study aimed to examine the association between chronic stress and cognition among older adults, using the intersectionality of race and sex. Data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study were used, resulting in a final sample of 6,015 adults aged 50 and older. Latent class analysis was used to determine chronic stress patterns by sex and race, and a three-step method was used to examine the effects of covariates on stress class memberships by race and sex subgroups. Results indicated that compared to White men, the high stress classes among White women, BIPOC men and BIPOC women contained more stressors. Interventions targeted towards the mitigation of chronic stress among older adults should consider how intersectional identities combine to create increased hardships and stressors.