bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoallelic mutations in SLCO2A1 cause autosomal dominant primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Authors: Xu Yang , Zhang Zeng , Yue Hua , Li Shanshan , Zhang Zhenlin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare disease inherited as a recessive or irregular dominant trait and characterized by digital clubbing, pachydermia, and periostosis. Biallelic mutations in HPGD and SLCO2A1, disturbing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) catabolism and leading to increased circulating PGE2 level, cause PHO autosomal recessive 1 (PHOAR1) and PHO autosomal recessive 2 (PHOAR2), respectively. However, no causative genes have been reported for PHO autosomal dominant (PHOAD). Here, we performed Sanger sequencing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on DNA samples from seven Chinese PHOAD families; after excluding other single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), structural variations (SVs), and copy number variations (CNVs) in the genomes, we reported six SLCO2A1 monoallelic mutations (c.1660G&gt;A [p.G554R], c.664G&gt;A [p.G222R], c.1106G&gt;A [p.G369D], c.1065dupA [p.Q356TfsX77], c.1293delT [p.S432AfsX48], and c.1807C&gt;T [p.R603X]) in the probands and affected family members. Then, in five other PHO families with probands carrying SLCO2A1 biallelic mutations, we verified that parents with SLCO2A1 monoallelic mutations also displayed PHO manifestations, which further confirmed the pathogenicity of SLCO2A1 monoallelic mutations and illustrated the allelic nature of PHOAD and PHOAR2. Subsequently, through comparison of seven PHOAD probands and 50 PHOAR2 patients, we found onset age in puberty and skewed penetrance rate were similar in both PHO types, but symptoms and signs of PHOAD were milder, including less severe pachydermia (p = .027) and periostosis (p = .005), and less frequent cutis verticis gyrata (p = .011), acne (p = .005), arthralgia (p = .037), and anemia (p = .023). The median urinary PGE2 level in PHOAD probands was almost half that in PHOAR2 patients (PHOAD 277.58 ng/mmoL creatinine, PHOAR2 473.19 ng/mmoL creatinine; p = .038). Moreover, through the 3-month trial of oral administration of etoricoxib, an effective response similar to that we reported previously in PHOAR2 patients was observed in PHOAD probands. In conclusion, our findings confirm that SLCO2A1 monoallelic mutations are the cause of PHOAD and broaden phenotypic spectrum of PHO. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Phosphorylated LASS2 inhibits prostate carcinogenesis via negative regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Zhang Kuangen , Wu Rui , Mei Fang , Zhou Yuhe , He Lin , Liu Yanhua , Zhao Xuyang , You Jiangfeng , Liu Beiying , Meng Qingyang , Pei Fei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLASS2 is a novel tumor‐suppressor gene and has been characterized as a ceramide synthase, which synthesizes very‐long acyl chain ceramides. However, LASS2 function and pathway‐related activity in prostate carcinogenesis are still largely unexplored. Here, we firstly report that LASS2 promotes β‐catenin degradation through physical interaction with STK38, SCYL2, and ATP6V0C via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, phosphorylation of LASS2 is essential for β‐catenin degradation, and serine residue 248 of LASS2 is illustrated to be a key phosphorylation site. Furthermore, we find that dephosphorylation of LASS2 at serine residue 248 significantly enhances prostate cancer cell growth and metastasis in vivo, indicating that phosphorylated LASS2 inhibits prostate carcinogenesis through negative regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Thus, our findings implicate LASS2 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of prostate cancer.
IκB kinase inhibition remodeled connexins, pannexin‐1, and excitatory amino‐acid transporters expressions to promote neuroprotection of galantamine and morphine
Authors: Magdy Shimaa , Gamal Maha , Samir Nancy F. , Rashed Laila , Emad Aboulhoda Basma , Mohammed Haitham S. , Sharawy Nivin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInflammatory pathway and disruption in glutamate homeostasis join at the level of the glia, resulting in various neurological disorders. In vitro studies have provided evidence that membrane proteins connexions (Cxs) are involved in glutamate release, meanwhile, excitatory amino‐acid transporters (EAATs) are crucial for glutamate reuptake (clearance). Moreover, pannexin‐1 (Panx‐1) activation is more detrimental to neurons. Their expression patterns during inflammation and the impacts of IκB kinase (IKK) inhibition, morphine, and galantamine on the inflammatory‐associated glutamate imbalance remain elusive.To investigate this, rats were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide. Thereafter, vehicles, morphine, galantamine, and BAY‐117082 were administered in different groups of animals. Subsequently, electroencephalography, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and histopathological examinations were carried out and various indicators of inflammation and glutamate level were determined. Parallel analysis of Cxs, Panx‐1, and EAAts in the brain was performed. Our findings strengthen the concept that unregulated expressions of Cxs, Panx‐1, and EAATs contribute to glutamate accumulation and neuronal cell loss. Nuclear factor‐kB (NF‐κB) pathway can significantly contribute to glutamate homeostasis via modulating Cxs, Panx‐1, and EAATs expressions. BAY‐117082, via inhibition of IkK, promoted the anti‐inflammatory effects of morphine as well as galantamine. We concluded that NF‐κB is an important component of reshaping the expressions of Cxs, panx‐1, and EAATs and the development of glutamate‐induced neuronal degeneration.
Low‐cost nano‐TiO2 composites for remediation of textile dyes: Appraisal on the effect of solar and ultraviolet irradiations
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Kalia Anu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe study evaluates the azo dye degradation potential of nano‐TiO2; its composites with low‐cost substrates in the form of powder and encapsulated bead for two widely used azo dyes, methyl orange (MO) and congo red (CR) under solar and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Degradation potential varied according to the dye concentration, chemistry of dye, light source, and the formulation of the photocatalyst. Both the dyes were completely decolorized at 100 mg/L concentration and to some extent at 1,000 mg/L concentration. The activated charcoal‐titanium dioxide (AC‐TiO2) nanocomposite in the presence of solar radiations proved to be an economic and efficient substrate for degradation of the test dyes exhibiting combined action of adsorption and photocatalytic phenomena.
Prolonged presence of replication‐competent SARS‐CoV‐2 in mildly symptomatic individuals: A report of two cases
Authors: Mendes Correa Maria C. , Leal Fabio E. , Villas Boas Lucy S. , Witkin Steven S. , de Paula Anderson , Tozetto Mendonza Tania R. , Ferreira Noely E. , Curty Gislaine , de Carvalho Pedro S. , Buss Lewis F. , Costa Silvia F. , da Cunha Carvalho Flavia M. , Kawakami Joyce , Taniwaki Noemi N. , Paiao Heuder , da Silva Bizário Joao C. , de Jesus Jaqueline G. , Sabino Ester C. , Romano Camila M. , Grepan Regina M. Z. , Sesso Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt has been estimated that individuals with COVID‐19 can shed replication‐competent virus up to a maximum of 20 days after initiation of symptoms. The majority of studies that addressed this situation involved hospitalized individuals and those with severe disease. Studies to address the possible presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 during the different phases of COVID‐19 disease in mildly infected individuals, and utilization of viral culture techniques to identify replication‐competent viruses, have been limited. This report describes two patients with mild forms of the disease who shed replication‐competent virus for 24 and 37 days, respectively, after symptom onset.
Synchronization and frequency control strategy for doubly fed induction generator based on adaptive high‐order sliding mode controller
Authors: Zare Hassan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince the DFIGs have been widely used in the modern electric power system, they must participate in the frequency regulation and active power generation during different internal and external disturbance conditions. The amassed kinetic energy in the rotating components due to acceleration and deceleration operating conditions can appropriately support the active power generation. Loss of the rotor speed equilibrium leads to overspeed of the DFIG's rotor and accordingly instability condition. An imbalance between power generation and demand can create a significant deviation in the frequency of the power system, that is, the speed and frequency of the generator increase due to reduced load and increased power, and vice versa. Hence, the frequency of the power system is basically considered a prominent measure for maintaining the balance of active power, while various frequency regulation strategies such as inertial response and frequency control have been widely used for DFIG. On the other hand, the synchronization control‐based power generation by DFIG can cause an instability condition during the severe disturbances. This paper proposes ASCS‐AHSMC to accurately regulate the system frequency and maintain the synchronization. To appraise the performance of the proposed controller, it has been compared with the conventional SMC and Fuzzy‐based SMC. Furthermore, DFIG experiences less stable conditions under different wind variation models and short circuit to validate the controllability of ASCS‐AHSMC. Finally, the performance of the ASCS‐AHSMC has been well approved under different disturbance conditions as compared with the conventional SMC and the Fuzzy‐based SMC.
Effects of different rotational legume crops and residue management regimes on soil microbial properties and functions in a sugarcane farming system
Authors: Paungfoo-Lonhienne Chanyarat , Wang Weijin , Yeoh Yun Kit , Reeves Steven , Halpin Neil , Daly Joshua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Legume crop rotation in sugarcane cropping systems can improve soil health and fertility. However, their impacts on soil microbial community composition and function have not been clearly understood to date.Aims: This study aimed to assess responses of soil biochemical properties and composition of microbial communities driving C and N transformations in soils to different legume crop rotations and crop residue management practices.Methods: We investigated the effects of two rotational legume crops (soybean and peanut) and six different crop residue management practices on soil physicochemical and microbial properties as well as biological activities including C and N mineralisation, nitrification capacity and denitrification potential, in a subtropical sugarcane cropping system.Results: Incorporating high‐N soybean crop residues into soil significantly increased soil mineral N content in the first month compared to no‐till; no significant tillage effects were recorded with low‐N peanut residues. Both crop residues increased soil microbial biomass C, C mineralisation capacity and nitrification capacity. However, bacterial and archaeal composition and abundances of 16S rRNA and nitrification genes were not affected. Spraying a nitrification inhibitor (DMPG) onto the crop residues before tillage significantly suppressed soil nitrification capacity.Conclusions: Compared to peanut rotation, soybean rotation could supply significantly more N for the following sugarcane crop due to its much higher crop residue N inputs and faster N mineralisation. Spraying legume residues with DMPG before tillage may provide an effective strategy to inhibit formation and thus reduce the risk of losses through leaching or denitrification.
Interfacial Rheology Measured with a Spinning Drop Interfacial Rheometer: Particularities in More Realistic Surfactant–Oil–Water Systems Close to Optimum Formulation at HLDN = 0
Authors: Marquez Ronald , Meza Luz , Alvarado José G. , Bullón Johnny , Langevin Dominique , Forgiarini Ana M. , Salager Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree different cases were selected to study the effect of physicochemical formulation on interfacial rheology properties of surfactant–oil–water (SOW) systems by increasing the complexity of the system from a basic case. This was performed by changing the normalized hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLDN) to attain the optimum formulation at HLDN = 0. Two types of SOW systems were studied: the first one used an ionic surfactant with a salinity scan, and the second one a mixture of two nonionic surfactants in a formulation scan produced by changing their proportion. Both of them contained cyclohexane as a pure oil phase, without alcohol. Sec‐butanol was then added as a co‐surfactant with hardly any formulation influence on HLDN. The complexity in interfacial rheology was then increased by changing the oil to a light crude with low asphaltene content. The interfacial rheology is also reported for a realistic system with a high asphaltene content comprised of crude oil diluted in cyclohexane with a conventional surfactant and a commercial demulsifier. The findings confirm that at optimum formulation and whatever the scanning variable (salinity, average ethylene oxide number in the nonionic surfactant mixture, or surfactant/demulsifier concentration), the interfacial tension, and interfacial elastic moduli E, E′, and E″ exhibit a deep minimum. These observations are related to the acceleration of the surfactant exchanges between the interface, oil, and water, near the optimum formulation. Several arguments are put forward to explain how these findings could contribute to the decrease in emulsion stability at HLDN = 0.
New insights on interfacial polymerization kinetics of polyaniline
Authors: Shen Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe kinetics on the interfacial polymerization, IP, of polyaniline, PANI, has been studied by in situ dynamic conductivity measurement. Experimentally, the IP process was performed in classical and nonclassical by varying the ratio of upper/bottom phase volume in symmetrical or asymmetrical, respectively. Recorded dynamic solution conductivity, μ, curves showed that the fully PANI IP process has three stages: when the time, t, increase caused the μ stable at the first stage, rapid enhancement to the highest at the second stage, and then again stable while at a higher equilibrium level at the third stage. By defining the dμ/dt as the dynamic polymerization rate, rd, and the drd/dt as the dynamic polymerization acceleration, ad, respectively, the presented relative curves shown that the rd and ad both were varied in whole IP process while the increase was only at the second IP stage. Comparisons found that the increase of the time for rd and ad approaching to the greatest at the second stage was important for enhancing the conductivity of PANI, and the nonclassical IP process, especially the enhancement of the bottom phase volume, was the better than the others.
Study on the effect of vibration on solidification structures in the vibration cast‐rolling process
Authors: Wang H. , Qu C. , Zheng Y. , Du F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the vibration cast‐rolling process, the metal material is in the state of sub‐rapid solidification. Based on the principle of solidification and random theory, the relation between the vibrating process with sub‐rapid solidification and the number of new crystal nuclei was deduced. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and experiments of sub‐rapid solidification under vibration were performed. The results show that the modified Cellular Automaton‐Finite Element model can predict the solidified microstructure and size of crystal grains. The results also show that vibration with chilling can effectively promote the production of free crystal nuclei. With a higher frequency of vibration, the area of the equiaxed zone can increase, and the grains can be smaller.
Tourette Syndrome and Driving
Authors: Makhoul Karim , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDriving ability may be impaired in patients with various movement disorders, but it has not been studied in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS).CasesWe describe a series of 6 patients from our large cohort of TS patients followed in our movement disorders clinic in whom severe tics have had interfered with their driving abilities. The motor tics involved facial muscles and caused visual impairment because of frequent blinking and transient blepharospasm (dystonic tic), but complex limb and truncal tics also seriously impacted their driving.ConclusionsAlthough majority of patients with TS have no functional impairment, severe motor tics in some patients may adversely affect their driving ability, potentially causing danger to themselves and others. Screening for such troublesome tics should be considered in patients with TS, particularly in teenagers who are being evaluated for driver's licensing.
Low phase noise buffer‐reused BiCMOS oscillator
Authors: Lee Ho‐Chang , Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Chen Yen‐Hsun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis letter presents a lower phase noise voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) uses two differential amplifiers in cross‐coupled feedback and is named as a buffer‐reused VCO in the TSMC standard 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS processes. The die area is 1.1 × 1.2 mm2. The first amplifier uses HBT stacking on nMOSFET and the second amplifier uses nMOS amplifier. Its power consumption of 2.65 mW with output buffer current, the phase noise is −128.81 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the center frequency 4.19 GHz. The figure of merit (FOM) is −194.08 dBc/Hz.
Estimating the age of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticusL. 1758) cockerels through spur development
Authors: Doherty Sean Paul , Foster Alison , Best Julia , Hamilton‐Dyer Sheila , Morris James , Sadler Peta , Skelton Caroline , Smallman Rebecca , Woldekiros Helina , Thomas Richard , Sykes Naomi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetermining the age of bird remains after the cessation of growth is challenging due to the absence of techniques such as tooth eruption and wear available for mammals. Without these techniques, it is difficult to reconstruct hunting strategies, husbandry regimes, and wider human–animal relationships. This paper presents a new method, developed from a collection (n = 71) of known‐age specimens of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticusL. 1758), for assessing age based on the fusion and size of the tarsometatarsal spur. Using this method, we reconstruct the demographics of domestic fowl from Iron Age to Early Modern sites in Britain to reveal the changing dynamics of human–domestic fowl relationships. We highlight the advanced age that cockerels often attained in their early history and how their life expectancies have subsequently declined.
Color and Coatings
Authors: Houta Faiza , Quinten Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOptical thickness determination of very thin layers is based on measuring the reflectance and evaluating with a fit algorithm. Any fit algorithm however needs initial values for the parameters that need not to be far away from the expected final parameter values. This causes serious problems in the case of samples with spatially distributed coatings. We successfully circumvented the problem by combining the thickness determination with a color evaluation. The color evaluation proved to be helpful to set the proper initial values for each measuring position.
Principles of Laser Scanning Microscopes
Authors: Farell Megan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the factors that contributes to the recent considerable reduction in the size and high integration of electronics and other devices is the miniaturization of the electronic components that they contain. In addition, new fine functional materials have been developed and widely used in fields including the automobile, aviation, metal, and chemical industries. As a result, higher accuracy and resolving power are required for minute three‐dimensional measurement of these components and materials. Although a variety of devices are available to satisfy these requirements, the confocal microscope is gathering attention as the device of choice for easy three‐dimensional, non‐contact surface profile measurements in air.
Broadening the impact of plant science through innovative, integrative, and inclusive outreach
Authors: Friesner Joanna , Colón‐Carmona Adán , Schnoes Alexandra M. , Stepanova Anna , Mason Grace Alex , Macintosh Gustavo C. , Ullah Hemayat , Baxter Ivan , Callis Judy , Sierra‐Cajas Kimberly , Elliott Kiona , Haswell Elizabeth S. , Zavala Maria Elena , Wildermuth Mary , Williams Mary , Ayalew Mentewab , Henkhaus Natalie , Prunet Nathanaël , Lemaux Peggy G. , Yadegari Ramin , Amasino Rick , Hangarter Roger , Innes Roger , Brady Siobhan , Long Terri , Woodford‐Thomas Terry , May Victoria , Sun Ying , Dinneny José R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPopulation growth and climate change will impact food security and potentially exacerbate the environmental toll that agriculture has taken on our planet. These existential concerns demand that a passionate, interdisciplinary, and diverse community of plant science professionals is trained during the 21st century. Furthermore, societal trends that question the importance of science and expert knowledge highlight the need to better communicate the value of rigorous fundamental scientific exploration. Engaging students and the general public in the wonder of plants, and science in general, requires renewed efforts that take advantage of advances in technology and new models of funding and knowledge dissemination. In November 2018, funded by the National Science Foundation through the Arabidopsis Research and Training for the 21st century (ART 21) research coordination network, a symposium and workshop were held that included a diverse panel of students, scientists, educators, and administrators from across the US. The purpose of the workshop was to re‐envision how outreach programs are funded, evaluated, acknowledged, and shared within the plant science community. One key objective was to generate a roadmap for future efforts. We hope that this document will serve as such, by providing a comprehensive resource for students and young faculty interested in developing effective outreach programs. We also anticipate that this document will guide the formation of community partnerships to scale up currently successful outreach programs, and lead to the design of future programs that effectively engage with a more diverse student body and citizenry.
Registration of Clearfield ‘CLL15’ southern long‐grain rice
Authors: Esguerra Manuel Q. , Sha Xueyan , Hardke Jarrod T. , Scott Robert C. , Wamishe Yeshi , Counce Paul A. , Bateman Nick , Beaty Bryan A. , Bulloch Jill M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract‘CLL15’ (Reg. no. CV‐154, PI 692952) is a high‐yielding, very early maturing, short‐stature Clearfield (BASF) long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with improved disease package developed by the University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center in Stuttgart, AR, and approved for release by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture in January 2019. It was selected from the cross of RU1302048/RU1302045 made in summer 2013. CLL15 was initiated as a F4 bulk of a single progeny row in the winter nursery near Lajas, Puerto Rico, in spring 2015. From 2016 to 2019, CLL15 was evaluated in 47 multilocation trials. Clearfield cultivars ’CL151’, ‘CL153’, and ‘CL172’ served as checks. Grain yield of CLL15 was 9.33 t ha−1 across all trials compared with 9.50 t ha−1 for ‘CL151’, 8.74 t ha−1 for CL153, and 8.74 t ha−1 for CL172. However, in the multilocation trials in Arkansas—Arkansas Rice Performance Trial and Producer Rice Evaluation Program—CLL15 consistently produced the highest grain yield, ranging from 8.80 to 10.31 t ha−1. Plant height of CLL15 was 97 cm, which is 2 cm taller than CL172, but shorter than 101 cm for CL151 and 99 cm for CL153. CLL15 reached 50% heading in 83 d, which was similar to CL151 and 2 d earlier than both CL153 and CL172. CLL15 is moderately resistant to blast and susceptible to sheath blight, bacterial panicle blight, kernel smut, and false smut.