bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow stability and parameter sensitivity analysis of soil slope with frame protection under rainfall seepage
Authors: Lian Jifeng , Wu Jiujiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrame protection is a commonly used solution to maintain the shallow stability of soil slope under rainfall seepage. Currently, the frame structure's design is empirical, and its theoretical analysis method considering the influence of seepage is scarce. Based on the instability model of the infinite slope, the shallow stability calculation model of soil slope under the rectangular frame protection is established in this paper. The calculation results show that it is beneficial to maintain the shallow slope stability by reducing the skeleton spacing and increasing the cross-sectional size of the frame structure. Also, geometric parameters' sensitivity analysis of the frame structure is carried out based on the orthogonal experimental design methods. Therein, an optimal scheme evaluation function was constructed to balance the relationship between the safety factor and the construction material consumption. The calculation model and results included in this paper can guide the design of the rectangular frame protection to soil slope under rainfall seepage.
Identification of potential metabolic biomarkers in predicting esophageal varices needing treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Moon Chung-Man , Lee Yun-Young , Heo Suk-Hee , Shin Sang-Soo , Jeong Yong-Yeon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of in vivo quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to identify the presence of esophageal varices needing treatment (VNT), as well as investigate its correlation with clinical characteristics in patients with liver cirrhosis. Forty cirrhotic patients without VNT showing the negative red color sign, and 40 cirrhotic patients with VNT showing positive red color sign underwent laboratory tests, esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy, and 1H-MRS with single-voxel localization in the cirrhotic liver parenchyma. The levels of lactate + triglyceride (TG) and choline in cirrhotic patients with VNT were significantly higher than those in cirrhotic patients without VNT. In multivariate analysis, spleen diameter, platelet count, and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio, as well as lactate + TG, and choline were associated with the presence of VNT. Moreover, lactate + TG and choline levels were positively correlated with spleen diameter and negatively correlated with platelet count in the combined group of cirrhotic patients with and without VNT. Our study demonstrated that higher hepatic lactate + TG and choline levels in cirrhotic patients in conjunction with longer spleen diameter, lower platelet counts, and lower ratios of platelet count to spleen diameter were associated with the presence of esophageal VNT and the risk of developing variceal bleeding. Therefore, in vivo 1H-MRS might be an effective tool for diagnosing and predicting esophageal VNT in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Development and preclinical evaluation of novel fluorinated ammonium salts for PET myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Shamni Ofer , Grievink Hilbert , Kolevzon Netanel , Krajewski Seweryn , Steczek Lukasz , Meltzer Ella , Yitshak Shimon , Mishani Eyal , Abourbeh Galith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe previously presented the radiolabeled ammonium salt [11C]-dimethyl diphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([11C]DMDPA) as a potential novel PET-MPI agent. The current study aimed to increase the clinical applicability of PET-MPI by designing and synthesizing fluorinated ammonium salt derivatives. Four fluorinated DMDPA derivatives and two quinolinium salt analogs were radiolabeled. The dynamic distribution in vivo, following injection of each derivative into male SD rats, was evaluated using small-animal dedicated PET/CT. Organ uptake after injection of [18F]fluoroethylquinolinium acetate ([18F]FEtQ) was examined ex vivo. Four fluorinated DMDPA derivatives were synthesized, two were labeled with fluorine-18: [18F]fluoroethyl-methyldiphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([18F]FEMDPA) and [18F]fluorobuthyl-methyldiphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([18F]FBMDPA). The other two were labeled using carbon-11: [11C]methyl-(3-fluorophenyl)-methylphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([11C]3-F-DMDPA) and [11C]methyl-(4-fluorophenyl)-methylphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([11C]4-F-DMDPA). All four DMDPA derivatives exhibited significantly lower heart/liver radioactivity uptake ratios (0.6, 0.4, 0.7 and 0.6, respectively) compared to that of [11C]DMDPA (1.2). Conversely, the two radiolabeled quinolinium salt derivatives, [11C]methylquinolinium iodide ([11C]MeQ) and [18F]FEtQ demonstrated improved heart/liver ratios (2.0 and 1.3, respectively) with clear visualization of the left ventricle myocardium. Renal clearance was the major route of elimination. Among the fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts tested, [18F]FEtQ yielded the best images. Further studies are in progress to elucidate the underlying mechanism of its cardiac uptake.
VNIR–NIR hyperspectral imaging fusion targeting intraoperative brain cancer detection
Authors: Leon Raquel , Fabelo Himar , Ortega Samuel , Piñeiro Juan F. , Szolna Adam , Hernandez Maria , Espino Carlos , O’Shanahan Aruma J. , Carrera David , Bisshopp Sara , Sosa Coralia , Marquez Mariano , Morera Jesus , Clavo Bernardino , Callico Gustavo M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrently, intraoperative guidance tools used for brain tumor resection assistance during surgery have several limitations. Hyperspectral (HS) imaging is arising as a novel imaging technique that could offer new capabilities to delineate brain tumor tissue in surgical-time. However, the HS acquisition systems have some limitations regarding spatial and spectral resolution depending on the spectral range to be captured. Image fusion techniques combine information from different sensors to obtain an HS cube with improved spatial and spectral resolution. This paper describes the contributions to HS image fusion using two push-broom HS cameras, covering the visual and near-infrared (VNIR) [400–1000 nm] and near-infrared (NIR) [900–1700 nm] spectral ranges, which are integrated into an intraoperative HS acquisition system developed to delineate brain tumor tissue during neurosurgical procedures. Both HS images were registered using intensity-based and feature-based techniques with different geometric transformations to perform the HS image fusion, obtaining an HS cube with wide spectral range [435–1638 nm]. Four HS datasets were captured to verify the image registration and the fusion process. Moreover, segmentation and classification methods were evaluated to compare the performance results between the use of the VNIR and NIR data, independently, with respect to the fused data. The results reveal that the proposed methodology for fusing VNIR–NIR data improves the classification results up to 21% of accuracy with respect to the use of each data modality independently, depending on the targeted classification problem.
Changes in external ischial tuberosity width at varying trunk–thigh angles between sexes using two measurement methods
Authors: Chen Yi-Lang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examined the influence of two methods and various trunk–thigh (TT) angles on external ischial tuberosity width (EITW) for 45 men and 45 women. In the experiment, the impress and seat pressure methods were applied at TT angles of 60°, 75°, 90°, and 105°. When the impress method was used, EITW remained highly consistent across the four measured TT angles with differences of 2.8 and 2.1 mm for men and women, respectively. Conversely, in the seated pressure method, EITW increased with TT angle such that differences in EITW across a full TT angle range were 11.5 and 11.7 mm for men and women, respectively. Irrespective of method, differences in EITW between genders measured approximately 12.6–13.7 mm across all TT angles. Correlation analyses revealed that hip circumference was positively related to EITW in all cases, whereas the relationship of hip width and depth with EITW varied by method and gender. Because of inherent differences in EITW between genders, these findings suggest that gender variability should be considered in seat cushion design.
Clusters of science and health related Twitter users become more isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Durazzi Francesco , Müller Martin , Salathé Marcel , Remondini Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 represents the most severe global crisis to date whose public conversation can be studied in real time. To do so, we use a data set of over 350 million tweets and retweets posted by over 26 million English speaking Twitter users from January 13 to June 7, 2020. We characterize the retweet network to identify spontaneous clustering of users and the evolution of their interaction over time in relation to the pandemic’s emergence. We identify several stable clusters (super-communities), and are able to link them to international groups mainly involved in science and health topics, national elites, and political actors. The science- and health-related super-community received disproportionate attention early on during the pandemic, and was leading the discussion at the time. However, as the pandemic unfolded, the attention shifted towards both national elites and political actors, paralleled by the introduction of country-specific containment measures and the growing politicization of the debate. Scientific super-community remained present in the discussion, but experienced less reach and became more isolated within the network. Overall, the emerging network communities are characterized by an increased self-amplification and polarization. This makes it generally harder for information from international health organizations or scientific authorities to directly reach a broad audience through Twitter for prolonged time. These results may have implications for information dissemination along the unfolding of long-term events like epidemic diseases on a world-wide scale.
Genomic characterization of rare molecular subclasses of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Damrauer Jeffrey S. , Smith Markia A. , Walter Vonn , Thennavan Aatish , Mose Lisle E. , Selitsky Sara R. , Hoadley Katherine A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrimary liver cancer, consisting of both cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Our goal is to genomically characterize rare HCC subclasses to provide insight into disease biology. Leveraging The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to perform a combined analysis of CCA (n = 36) and HCC (n = 275), we integrated multiple genomic platforms, to assess transcriptional profiles, mutational signatures, and copy number patterns to uncover underlying etiology and linage specific patterns. We identified two molecular classes distinct from prototypical HCC tumors. The first, CCA-Like, although histologically indistinguishable from HCC, had enrichment of CCA mutations (IDH1,BAP1), mutational signatures, and transcriptional patterns (SOX9,KRT19). CCA-Like, however, retained a copy number landscape similar to HCC, suggesting a hepatocellular linage. The second, Blast-Like, is enriched inTP53mutations, HBV infection, exposure related mutational signatures and transcriptionally similar to hepatoblasts. Although these subclasses are molecularly distinct, they both have a worse progression-free survival compared to classical HCC tumors, yet are clinically treated the same. The identification of and characterization of CCA-Like and Blast-Like subclasses advance our knowledge of HCC as well as represents an urgent need for the identification of class specific biomarkers and targeted therapy.
Three-dimensional sensing of the magnetic-field vector by a compact planar-type Hall device
Authors: Shiogai Junichi , Fujiwara Kohei , Nojima Tsutomu , Tsukazaki Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmart society is forthcoming with a rapid development in the automation of electric appliances requiring abundant sensors. One of the key sensors is a three-dimensional magnetometer for detecting the motion of objects, which is usually driven by cooperative multiple sensors on three orthogonal planes. Here, we demonstrate the fundamental operation of a three-dimensional magnetometer based on a simple Fe-Sn heterostructure Hall device in a planar geometry. Polar coordinates of the magnetic-field vector are uniquely determined by the combination of the sizable anomalous Hall effect, the anisotropic magnetoresistance, and the unidirectional magnetoresistance. Thanks to the ferromagnetic topological features in the Fe-Sn heterostructure, the above-mentioned device overcomes the limitation of conventional semiconductor devices and is highly sensitive even at room temperature. The compact planar geometry will be particularly useful in versatile electrical applications requiring a low-cost three-dimensional magnetometer with space- and energy-saving features.
Quasi-Love wave scattering reveals tectonic history of Australia and its margins reflected by mantle anisotropy
Authors: Eakin Caroline M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Australian continental crust preserves a rich geological history, but it is unclear to what extent this history is expressed deeper within the mantle. Here an investigation of Quasi-Love waves is performed to detect scattering of seismic surface waves at mantle depths (between 100–200 km) by lateral gradients in seismic anisotropy. Across Australasia 275 new observations of Quasi-Love waves are presented. The inferred scattering source and lateral anisotropic gradients are preferentially located either near the passive continental margins, or near the boundaries of major geological provinces within Australia. Pervasive fossilized lithospheric anisotropy within the continental interior is implied, on a scale that mirrors the crustal geology at the surface, and a strong lithosphere that has preserved this signal over billions of years. Along the continental margins, lateral anisotropic gradients may indicate either the edge of the thick continental lithosphere, or small-scale dynamic processes in the asthenosphere below.
Computational and in vitro experimental analyses of the Anti-COVID-19 potential of Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Sari Anissa Nofita , Meidinna Hazna Noor , Dhanjal Jaspreet Kaur , Subramani Chandru , Basu Brohmomoy , Kaul Sunil C , Vrati Sudhanshu , Sundar Durai , Wadhwa Renu 
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health emergency. Although new vaccines have been generated and being implicated, discovery and application of novel preventive and control measures are warranted. We aimed to identify compound/s that may possess the potential to either block the entry of virus to host cells or attenuate its replication upon infection. Using host cell surface receptor expression (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) analysis as an assay, we earlier screened several synthetic and natural compounds and identified candidates that showed ability to downregulate their expression. Here, we report experimental and computational analyses of two small molecules, Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus that were initially identified as dual novel inhibitors of mortalin and PARP-1, for their activity against SARS-CoV-2. In silico analyses showed that MortaparibPlus, but not Mortaparib, stably binds into the catalytic pocket of TMPRSS2. In vitro analysis of control and treated cells revealed that MortaparibPlus caused downregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2; Mortaparib did not show any effect. Furthermore, computational analysis on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) that also predicted the inhibitory activity of MortaparibPlus. However, cell based anti-virus drug screening assay showed 30~60% viral inhibition in cells treated with non-toxic doses of either MortaparibPlus or Mortaparib. The data suggests that these two closely related compounds possess multimodal anti-COVID 19 activities. Whereas MortaparibPlus works through direct interactions/effects on the host cell surface receptors (ACE2 and TMPRSS2) and the virus protein (Mpro), Mortaparib involves independent mechanisms, elucidation of which warrants further studies.
Disentangled and controllable sketch creation based on disentangling the structure and color enhancement
Authors: Gao Nan , Ren Hui , Li Jia , Su ZhiBin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExisting sketch‐based image processing methods include sketch recognition, sketch synthesis and sketch‐based image retrieval. For sketch creation, a meaningful task is proposed namely disentangled and controllable sketch creation (DCSC) based on disentangling the structure and color enhancement. Specifically, as the first subtask, sketch structure enhancement (SSE) is used to enhance a non‐professional sketch (NPS) and obtain a professional sketch (PS), which is a process denoted as NPS2PS. A data set named SketchMan is first provided, consisting of NPSs and PSs with various postures in different scenes. SSE is trained as a conditional image‐to‐image translation problem, and there are three models: direct sketch‐to‐sketch (SS), grayscale guided SS and contour guided SS. Multiple IOU metrics are proposed based on Corner Point Map (CPM), Straight Line Map (SLM) and Segmented Area Map (SAM). As the second subtask, sketch color enhancement (SCE) is trained as a two‐stage framework containing a topology enhancement network (TE‐Net) that maps a sketch to the corresponding grayscale domain and a color injection network (CI‐Net) that injects the global color feature to the AdaIN residual blocks to perform adaptive sketch colorization. The TE‐Net and CI‐Net disentangle the topological and color features to perform more controllable and diverse SCE results. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methods are effective to address the challenging and meaningful DCSC task compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A two‐turn loop active magnetic field probe design for high sensitivity near‐field measurement
Authors: Shao Weiheng , Li Jianke , Huang Quan , Shao E , Liu Jiesheng , He Xiao , Yi Zhiqiang , Fang Wenxiao , Zhou Changjian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper develops an active magnetic near field probe (H‐field probe) by using a four‐layer printed circuit board (PCB) technique. Two‐turn detection structure and a low noise amplifier are used to improve probe's frequency response. The two‐turn detection structure can maximize the use of PCB stack resources, and a 14.5 dB gain amplifier can increase signal output capability. The probe can then be used for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test from 150 kHz to 3 GHz. Compared with traditional active shielded‐loop H‐field probe (TAHP) with loop area of 500 m, the frequency response of the proposed probe can improve 20 dB at 0.5 GHz. Different from the method of comparing the sensitivity of the probe only through the frequency response, this paper measures and analyzes the real sensitivity of the probing device composed of the proposed probe. Under the condition of the same receiver parameter setting, the sensitivity at 0.5 GHz is increased by 11.7 dB compared with commercial passive probing device and 20.2 dB at 0.5 GHz compared with the probing device with TAHP device. It reaches −32.4 dB μA. In addition, the proposed probe has acceptable spatial resolution of 1.28 mm at 1 GHz, which is more suitable for printed circuit board level EMI analysis.
Polarization-based surface enhanced Raman scattering from single colloidal DNA decorated with 3 nm silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Mantey Kevin , Quagliano Lucia , Rezk Ayman , Palleschi Simonetta , Abuhassan Laila , Nayfeh Ammar , Bahceci Ersin , H. Nayfeh Munir 
Published: October 2021

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), in which sample molecules are placed in the proximity of conducting nanostructures, subjects the molecules to intense electron oscillation (plasmon) field. The intense field, however, may cause heavy distortion and thermal damage to the molecule as well as non-separable and heavy convolution with the metal electronic structure. We utilized 3-nm red luminescent Si nanoparticles decorating the DNA molecules (drawn electrostatically) to enhance Raman scattering in solution at 532 nm. We demonstrated that the nanoparticles enhance the spectral resolution and intensity of vibrations of DNA by two orders of magnitude and reveal vibrations that are otherwise weak or forbidden. Theoretically, we conducted calculations of Mie scattering and three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain scattering and obtained the wavelength dependence of the near-field distribution from single or dimer Si particles. The simulations show moderate intensity enhancement (25–40-fold) and exciton resonances. Moreover, it shows that the near field is highly confined, extending only to 3–5 Å from the Si particle (atomic scale) compared to several nanometers for metal nanoparticles. The observed SERS-type characteristics are understood in terms of polarization-based light scattering, which is possible by the use of Si of highly reduced size for which the polarizability and exciton processes are strong. However, multilayers contribute to metal SERS, and monolayers/single molecules dominate the Si case. Weaker but highly confined, ultra-short range polarization-based scattering provides an alternative to plasmon and Mie scattering, while providing practical, straightforward interpretation of vibration printing of bio-medical species without compromising the molecular structure.
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum flavones exert antihepatic carcinoma property both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Li Yonglu , Chen Wen , Ye Xiang , Jia Ruoyi , Yu Lushuang , Tang Qiong , Tu Pengcheng , Jiang Yong , Chu Qiang , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (T. hemsleyanum) has been regarded as an anticancer food in China. However, its corresponding mechanisms remains unclear. Thus, in this study, the antitumor activity of flavones-rich fraction of root of T. hemsleyanum (FRTH) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that FRTH could inhibit the proliferation and migration of human hepatoellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells in vitro by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. FRTH could increase the level of reactive oxygen species and change the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. In addition, FRTH treatment (300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, body weight) significantly suppressed tumor growth on HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. Besides, immunohistochemistry assays and western blotting revealed that FRTH enhanced the expression level of Bcl-2 associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bax/Bcl-2), cytochrome C, caspase-3, caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3, and downregulated the expression level of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), ki67, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) factor in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice. Our study suggests T. hemsleyanum as a kind of promising candidate medicine for liver cancer treatment.