bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On refinement strategies for solving $${\textsc {MINLP}\mathrm{s}}$$ by piecewise linear relaxations: a generalized red refinement
Authors: Burlacu Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the generalized red refinement for n-dimensional simplices that dates back to Freudenthal (Ann Math 43(3):580–582, 1942) in a mixed-integer nonlinear program ($${\textsc {MINLP}}$$
MINLP
) context. We show that the red refinement meets sufficient convergence conditions for a known $${\textsc {MINLP}}$$
MINLP
solution framework that is essentially based on solving piecewise linear relaxations. In addition, we prove that applying this refinement procedure results in piecewise linear relaxations that can be modeled by the well-known incremental method established by Markowitz and Manne (Econometrica 25(1):84–110, 1957). Finally, numerical results from the field of alternating current optimal power flow demonstrate the applicability of the red refinement in such $${\textsc {MIP}}$$
MIP
-based $${\textsc {MINLP}}$$
MINLP
solution frameworks.
Designing real-world laboratories for sustainable urban transformation: addressing ambiguous roles and expectations in transdisciplinary teams
Authors: Huning Sandra , Räuchle C. , Fuchs M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reflects upon the potential of real-world laboratories (RWLs) to promote sustainable urban development. RWLs strive for knowledge production through collective action in experimental settings. Their implementation in urban studies faces two major challenges: (1) the ambiguity of roles university researchers need to fill, and (2) the variety of expectations among team members from different institutional backgrounds. Based on research in one trans-European and three German RWLs, we propose a stronger focus on team development to help researchers in RWLs address these challenges more systematically. In particular, this means support in terms of resources and infrastructure (time, space, and training). We argue that the improvement of RWL team performance has great impact on the potentials of RWLs in transformative urban studies. Thus, the article contributes to the ongoing debate on the city as a laboratory and site of experimentation in times of multiple crises.
Effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation interventions incorporating outdoor mobility on ambulatory ability and falls-related self-efficacy after hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sheehan Katie J. , Fitzgerald Laura , Lambe Kate , Martin Finbarr C. , Lamb Sallie E. , Sackley Catherine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary

There is limited evidence from 11 randomised controlled trials on the effect of rehabilitation interventions which incorporate outdoor mobility on ambulatory ability and/or self-efficacy after hip fracture. Outdoor mobility should be central (not peripheral) to future intervention studies targeting improvements in ambulatory ability.

Purpose
Determine the extent to which outdoor mobility is incorporated into rehabilitation interventions after hip fracture. Synthesise the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions on ambulatory ability and falls-related self-efficacy.

Methods
Systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL, PEDro and OpenGrey for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of community-based rehabilitation interventions incorporating outdoor mobility after hip fracture from database inception to January 2021. Exclusion of protocols, pilot/feasibility studies, secondary analyses of RCTs, nonrandomised and non-English language studies. Duplicate screening for eligibility, risk of bias, and data extraction sample. Random effects meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity with inconsistency-value (I2).

Results
RCTs (n = 11) provided limited detail on target or achieved outdoor mobility intervention components. There was conflicting evidence from 2 RCTs for the effect on outdoor walking ability at 1–3 months (risk difference 0.19; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.21, 0.58; I2 = 92%), no effect on walking endurance at intervention end (standardised mean difference 0.05; 95% CI: − 0.26, 0.35; I2 = 36%); and suggestive (CI crosses null) of a small effect on self-efficacy at 1–3 months (standardised mean difference 0.25; 95% CI: − 0.29, 0.78; I2 = 87%) compared with routine care/sham intervention.

Conclusion
It was not possible to attribute any benefit observed to an outdoor mobility intervention component due to poor reporting of target or achieved outdoor mobility and/or quality of the underlying evidence. Given the low proportion of patients recovering outdoor mobility after hip fracture, future research on interventions with outdoor mobility as a central component is warranted.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration: CRD42021236541
Analytical and in silico study of the inclusion complexes between tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine with cyclodextrins
Authors: Butnariu Monica , Peana Massimiliano , Sarac Ioan , Chirumbolo Salvatore , Tzoupis Haralampos , Chasapis Christos T. , Bjørklund Geir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDatura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) possesses a rich tropane alkaloids (TAs) spectrum. The plant contains, in particular, the allelopathic compounds scopolamine and atropine, which are poorly soluble in water, thus limiting their use in agrochemical formulations as biocidal and deterrent agents against herbivore insects. The efficacy of the hydrophobic TAs extracts could be increased with the improvement of their dissolution/leaching properties. This is important for improving screening and test performance and for elucidating the activity of environmentally friendly agricultural approaches, with new perspectives for the production and use of those biodegradable insecticidal products. The present study explores the aspects of atropine and scopolamine complexation with cyclodextrin (CDs) through FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies. In addition, the structures of the inclusion complex of atropine, scopolamine and β-CD have been investigated by molecular modeling techniques. The results obtained indicate that β-CDs are a promising carriers for improving the properties of TAs, therefore increasing their application potential in agrochemical formulations.
Graphic abstract
Data based model predictive control for ring rolling
Authors: Lafarge Rémi , Hütter Sebastian , Tulke Marc , Halle Thorsten , Brosius Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThermomechanical ring rolling is an evolution of the process where deformation and heat treatment are combined to obtain a product with both the desired geometry and hardness or microstructure in a single step. However, the high sensitivity of the process to the initial condition and to various disturbances limits its repeatability and accuracy. In this paper, the authors implement a concept for hardness control of ring rolling in virtual experiments. A concept based on soft sensors and model predictive control is implemented on a digital twin. The operation of the different models needed for this control loop are detailed and the controller itself is illustrated.
Novel RNAi-Based Therapies for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ruotsalainen Anna-Kaisa , Mäkinen Petri , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Atherosclerosis, defined by inflammation and accumulation of cholesterol, extracellular matrix, and cell debris into the arteries is a common factor behind cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke. In this review, we discuss and describe novel RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies in clinical trials and on the market.

Recent Findings
The first RNAi-based therapies have entered clinical use for the control of atherosclerosis risk factors, i.e., blood cholesterol levels. The most advanced treatment is silencing of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) with a drug called inclisiran, which has been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in late 2020, and results in a robust decrease in plasma cholesterol levels.

Summary
As the new RNAi therapies for atherosclerosis are now entering markets, the usefulness of these therapies will be further evaluated in larger patient cohorts. Thus, it remains to be seen how fast, effectively and eminently these new drugs consolidate their niche within the cardiovascular disease drug palette.
Cultural Adaptation and Validity of the Sniffin’ Sticks Psychophysical Test for the UK Setting
Authors: Langstaff Lorna , Clark Allan , Salam Mahmoud , Philpott Carl M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Olfactory testing must be culturally adapted to be relevant to the target population. This study aimed to validate the Sniffin’ Sticks test for the UK setting.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted at a tertiary olfactory dysfunction clinic. Phase 1—healthy volunteers underwent the original German identification test followed by a UK adapted version. Phase 2—patients with olfactory dysfunction underwent the extended smell test (TDI) including the new descriptors. Outcome measures included differences in identification test (phase 1), retest reliability and differences in scores before and after treatment.

Results
A total of 31 healthy volunteers and 87 patients were recruited (6 and 31 males, respectively). Phase 1—mean identification scores showed a small improvement after descriptor adaptations (13.77 and 14.57, p = 0.0029). Phase 2—41 untreated participants had a mean identification score of 7.31 at both intervals (95% CI: − 1.15 to 1.15, p > 0.999). The mean change in treated participants was 1.88 (0.70 to 3.06, p = 0.0224). TDI score difference between treated and untreated groups was 6.63 (2.48 to 10.79, p = 0.0023). The intraclass correlation coefficient for untreated patients was high for both TDI score (ICC = 0.82, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.93) and identification score (ICC = 0.80, 0.52 to 0.93); CIs suggest the reliability is moderate to excellent.

Conclusions
This study confirms the validity of the descriptor adaptations of the identification component of the Sniffin’ Sticks test to distinguish between health and disease.

Implications
The Sniffin’ Sticks test can now reliably be used for clinical assessment of British patients, modifying only the descriptors.
Equilibrium thermodynamics and the genesis of protein–protein complexes in cells
Authors: Jennings Robert C. , Belgio Erica , Zucchelli Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is often thought that the structural complexity of living organisms places Life outside the laws of Physics. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, inanimate matter tends towards ever-increasing randomness. Most thermodynamic studies on the living system are course-grained in the sense that it is the whole organism which is considered and they lack microscopic details. In these studies, as the living system is an open system, non-linear thermodynamics have been used. This requires that a number of assumptions be made concerning the living system itself, which may not be correct in organisms living under natural environmental conditions. In the present study, we depart from this approach and use a fine-grained analysis of the genesis of subcellular protein complex structures. The analysis is performed in terms of classical equilibrium thermodynamics using the acquired knowledge of protein/protein interactions. In this way, it is demonstrated that the spontaneous creation of ordered subcellular structures occurs in accordance with the Second Law of Thermodynamics. We specifically consider the simple example of protein dimer and trimer formation from its monomer components, both in vitro and with chaperone assistance in vivo. The entropy decrease associated with protein complex assembly, on which the continuing debate is founded, is shown to be a relatively small component in the overall and positive entropy increase.
Graphic abstract
Nonlinear Conditions for Ultradifferentiability
Authors: Nenning David Nicolas , Rainer Armin , Schindl Gerhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA remarkable theorem of Joris states that a function f is $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

if two relatively prime powers of f are $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

. Recently, Thilliez showed that an analogous theorem holds in Denjoy–Carleman classes of Roumieu type. We prove that a division property, equivalent to Joris’s result, is valid in a wide variety of ultradifferentiable classes. Generally speaking, it holds in all dimensions for non-quasianalytic classes. In the quasianalytic case we have general validity in dimension one, but we also get validity in all dimensions for certain quasianalytic classes.
Recent advances in the pathology of prodromal non-motor symptoms olfactory deficit and depression in Parkinson’s disease: clues to early diagnosis and effective treatment
Authors: Bang Yeojin , Lim Juhee , Choi Hyun Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by movement dysfunction due to selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Non-motor symptoms of PD (e.g., sensory dysfunction, sleep disturbance, constipation, neuropsychiatric symptoms) precede motor symptoms, appear at all stages, and impact the quality of life, but they frequently go unrecognized and remain untreated. Even when identified, traditional dopamine replacement therapies have little effect. We discuss here the pathology of two PD-associated non-motor symptoms: olfactory dysfunction and depression. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the earliest non-motor symptoms in PD and predates the onset of motor symptoms. It is accompanied by early deposition of Lewy pathology and neurotransmitter alterations. Because of the correlation between olfactory dysfunction and an increased risk of progression to PD, olfactory testing can potentially be a specific diagnostic marker of PD in the prodromal stage. Depression is a prevalent PD-associated symptom and is often associated with reduced quality of life. Although the pathophysiology of depression in PD is unclear, studies suggest a causal relationship with abnormal neurotransmission and abnormal adult neurogenesis. Here, we summarize recent progress in the pathology of the non-motor symptoms of PD, aiming to provide better guidance for its effective management.
The Limits of Labelling: Incidental Sex Work Among Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Young Men on Social Media
Authors: Morris Max 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe termincidental sex workrefers to forms of casual, occasional, unsolicited commercial sex, arranged between gay, bisexual, and queer men on social media platforms such as Grindr. This paper explores the limits of labelling sexual identities, and how definitions of “sex” and “work” have become increasingly unstable in the digital age.MethodsThis study used mixed methods, with the primary mode of data collection being qualitative interviews with young gay, bisexual, and queer men conducted between May 2015 and April 2016. The interviews incorporated a nine-point sexuality scale and photo-elicitation procedures to prompt further discussions. Through the participant recruitment process, the study also generated an informal survey of 1473 Grindr users aged 18 to 28, finding that 14.6% had been paid for sex, most of whom (8.2%) had done so “incidentally.”ResultsThe 50 interview participants discussed being paid for sex 358 times. This paper focuses on their narratives of labelling, identity politics, sexual normativity, and social stigma. All participants distanced themselves from labels such as “prostitute,” “rent boy,” or “sex worker” given that their behaviours were not seen as “regular” or “professional” enough, alongside seeking to avoid association with stigmatising stereotypes of sex work. These results are compared with the participants’ experiences of coming out as gay, bisexual, and queer.DiscussionThese narratives are interpreted using queer theory to understand those whose behaviours and identities do not conform to normative (legal, medical, social) discourses of sex work. The implications of this hidden population for campaigners, policymakers, and healthcare practitioners are discussed, contributing to ongoing debates around harm reduction and social policy.
Scenario reduction methodologies under uncertainties for reservoir development purposes: distance-based clustering and metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Mahjour Seyed Kourosh , Santos Antonio Alberto Souza , Correia Manuel Gomes , Schiozer Denis José 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe simulation process under uncertainty needs numerous reservoir models that can be very time-consuming. Hence, selecting representative models (RMs) that show the uncertainty space of the full ensemble is required. In this work, we compare two scenario reduction techniques: (1) Distance-based Clustering with Simple Matching Coefficient (DCSMC) applied before the simulation process using reservoir static data, and (2) metaheuristic algorithm (RMFinder technique) applied after the simulation process using reservoir dynamic data. We use these two methods as samples to investigate the effect of static and dynamic data usage on the accuracy and rate of the scenario reduction process focusing field development purposes. In this work, a synthetic benchmark case named UNISIM-II-D considering the flow unit modelling is used. The results showed both scenario reduction methods are reliable in selecting the RMs from a specific production strategy. However, the obtained RMs from a defined strategy using the DCSMC method can be applied to other strategies preserving the representativeness of the models, while the role of the strategy types to select the RMs using the metaheuristic method is substantial so that each strategy has its own set of RMs. Due to the field development workflow in which the metaheuristic algorithm is used, the number of required flow simulation models and the computational time are greater than the workflow in which the DCSMC method is applied. Hence, it can be concluded that static reservoir data usage on the scenario reduction process can be more reliable during the field development phase.
Reservoir characterization and identification of new prospect in Srikail gas field using wireline and seismic data
Authors: Hossain Md. Imam Sohel , Woobaidullah A. S. M. , Rahman Md. Jamilur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough reservoir characterization has been carried out by many researchers on the sedimentary package of the Bengal basin hydrocarbon province, integration of petrophysical and seismic sequence-based reservoir evaluation is rarely taken into account. This paper focuses on the identification of gas zones, reserve estimation and identification of new prospects in Srikail gas field within the eastern fold belt of Bengal basin integrating four wireline logs and 2D seismic data. Our study finds seven hydrocarbon-bearing zones (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) within the measured depth between 2429.5 and 3501 m. Petrophysical properties of seven hydrocarbon-bearing zones indicate that they are good quality reservoir sands. The gas horizons were mapped on seismic sections which reveal that the NW–SE anticlinal structure is largely affected by channels in the crest and western flank. The channels are infilled by fine-grained sediments which act as cap rock on northern and western parts of the structure. Thus, the anticlinal structure and fine-grained sediments make a potential trap for hydrocarbon accumulation and laterally and vertically well-distributed sequence remnants are the main reservoir rocks in this area. Volumetric reserve estimation of these sands provided a total gas initially in place as 552 billion cubic feet. Moreover, all the four wells are drilled in the southern block of the structure, and since there is a structural continuity from south to the north, it is highly recommended to drill a well up to 3000 m depth in the northern block to test its hydrocarbon potentiality. Overall, the outcomes of this study contribute new insights for reservoir characterization and identification of new prospects in an efficient way.
Generalization of low rank parity-check (LRPC) codes over the ring of integers modulo a positive integer
Authors: Kamwa Djomou Franck Rivel , Talé Kalachi Hervé , Fouotsa Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFollowing the work of Gaborit et al. (in: The international workshop on coding and cryptography (WCC 13), 2013) defining LRPC codes over finite fields, Renner et al. (in: IEEE international symposium on information theory, ISIT 2020, 2020) defined LRPC codes over the ring of integers modulo a prime power, inspired by the paper of Kamche and Mouaha (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 65(12):7718–7735, 2019) which explored rank metric codes over finite principal ideal rings. In this work, we successfully extend the work of Renner et al. by constructing LRPC codes over the ring $$\mathbb {Z}_{m}$$

Z
m

which is not a chain ring. We give a decoding algorithm and we study the failure probability of the decoder.
Role of lung ultrasound for the etiological diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children: a prospective study
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Musolino Annamaria , Ferro Valentina , De Rose Cristina , Morello Rosa , Ventola Chiara , Liotti Flora Marzia , De Sanctis Rita , Chiaretti Antonio , Biasucci Daniele Guerino , Spanu Teresa , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Valentini Piero 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective and design
Our prospective study assesses the role of detailed lung ultrasound (LUS) features to discriminate the etiological diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children.

Methodology
We analyzed patients aged from 1 month to 17 years admitted between March 2018 and April 2020 who were hospitalized for ALRTI. For all patients, history, clinical parameters, microbiological data, and lung ultrasound data were collected. Patients were stratified into three main groups (“bacterial”, “viral”, “atypical”) according to the presumed microbial etiology and LUS findings evaluated according to the etiological group. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all patients. A qualitative diagnostic test developed by Nurex S.r.l. was used for identification of bacterial and fungal DNA in respiratory samples. The Seegene Allplex™ Respiratory assays were used for the molecular diagnosis of viral respiratory pathogens. In addition, bacterial culture of blood and respiratory samples were performed, when indicated.

Results
A total of 186 children with suspected ALRTI (44% female) with an average age of 6 were enrolled in the study. We found that some ultrasound findings as size, number and distribution of consolidations, the position and motion of air bronchograms, pleural effusions and distribution of vertical artifacts significantly differ (p < 0.05) in children with bacterial, viral and atypical ALRTI.

Conclusion
Our study provides a detailed analysis of LUS features able to predict the ALRTI ethology in children. These findings may help the physicians to better manage a child with ALRTI and to offer personalized approach, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up.