bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Burden of Drug Abuse in Nigeria: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Studies and Drug Laws
Authors: Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Sha’aban Abubakar , Gulma Kabiru Abubakar , Shitu Zayyanu , Khalid Garba Mohammed , Isa Abubakar , Wada Abubakar S. , Mustapha Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

Background: The burden of drug abuse is becoming a public health concern in Nigeria. Preventive measures should include identifying the root causes of the burden for targeted intervention. We, therefore, aim to conduct a scoping review of the literature to summarize the findings of epidemiological studies on drug abuse and provisions of drug laws in Nigeria. The review also provides appropriate recommendations as interventions for prevention.Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature on PubMed to identify information on drug abuse and drug laws in Nigeria from the inception of the database to March 2020. Additional information was retrieved from Google Scholar, a manual search of included articles, discussion with experts on the subject matter, and gray literature. Study selection was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. Information from gray literature was assessed for quality and accuracy using the AACODS checklist (authority, accuracy, coverage, objectively, date, significance).Results: The systematic search of the literature generated 253 studies. Nine articles were obtained from other sources. After the selection process, 23 eligible studies were included for review. A prevalence of 20–40% and 20.9% of drug abuse was reported among students and youths, respectively. Commonly abused drugs include cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, diazepam, codeine, cough syrup and tramadol. Sources where abusers obtained drugs, were pharmacies/patent medicine shops, open drug markets, drug hawkers, fellow drug abusers, friends, and drug pushers. Drug abuse was common among undergraduates and secondary school students, youths, commercial bus drivers, farmers, and sex workers. Reason for use included to increase physical performance, stress and to derive pleasure. Poor socioeconomic factors and low educational background were the common risk factors associated with drug abuse. We identified several drug laws and policies that were established under government agencies such as the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), National Agency for Foods and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) and a Presidential Advisory Committee.Conclusion: Findings from epidemiological studies on drug abuse in Nigeria has demonstrated that the burden of drug abuse is still high despite the existing drug laws, policies, and strategies for prevention. Measures to reduce the burden should involve the community, government, and religious bodies. Preventive measures should target the youths, the students, identified sources of the drugs, reasons and risk factors associated with drug abuse in Nigeria.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA BANK BCA KANTOR CABANG UTAMA CIANJUR CABANG CIANJUR
Authors: . Nurjaya 
Published: January 2021

Kualitas pelayanan menjadi faktor utama dalam memberikan kepuasan kepada pelanggannya. Hal ini karena Bank BCA Kantor Cabang Utama Cianjur merupakan perusahaan di bidang jasa yang pelayanannya langsung diberikan oleh pegawai dan dapat dirasakan oleh pelanggan. Dengan demikian maka kualitas pelayanan pegawai Bank BCA menjadi variable penting dalam mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penulis tertarik untuk meneliti tentang pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Bank BCA Kantor Cabang Utama Cianjur. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif, yaitu penelitian untuk mengetahui nilai variable mandiri baik satu atau lebih variable tanpa membuat perbandingan atau di pengaruhi oleh variable lainya. Dan metode asosiatif, yaitu untuk melihat pengaruh antara dua atau lebih variable. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Bank BCA. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 50 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metoda sampel acak (random sampling). Analisis data menggunakan korelasi rank spearman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka diperoleh nilai pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dengan kepuasan pelanggan pada Bank BCA Kantor Cabang Utama Cianjur, ditunjukkan oleh nilai korelasi r = 0.83, artinya nilai hubungan berada di daerah antara 0.70 – 1.00, yaitu memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat. Dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0.69 diketahui bahwa 69% kepuasan pelanggan dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pelayanan, nilai hubungan ini memiliki hubungan positif yang artinya kualitas pelayanan meningkat maka kepuasan pelanggan Bank BCA akan meningkat.
Estudio de la influencia de gases de protección en el esfuerzo de corte de soldaduras de filete fabricadas por GMAW-SC
Authors: Rodríguez Nicole , Carvajal Linton 
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se evaluó la influencia sobre el esfuerzo de corte en soldaduras de filete longitudinales y transversales soldadas mediante GMAW-SC, de cuatro gases de protección que actualmente comercializa Indura S.A: Indurmig 20, Indurmig 8, Indurmig O2 y CO2. Para ello se ensayaron en tracción probetas para ensayo de corte fabricadas bajo la Norma AWS B4.0:2007. Se fabricaron, además, probetas de filetes en unión T para realizar pruebas de micrografía, microdureza y macrografía para dar así significado a los resultados del esfuerzo de corte, por medio del análisis de microestructuras, microdureza Vickers y penetración obtenida para cada gas evaluado. El metal base utilizado fue un acero ASTM A36 y el metal de aporte, ER70S-6. Los resultados muestran que el esfuerzo de corte es mayor al utilizar CO2, con 313 MPa de promedio, y menor en las juntas soldadas con Indurmig O2, con un promedio de 244 MPa, lo que se relaciona directamente con las dimensiones de las gargantas efectivas y, en consecuencia, con la penetración obtenida para cada gas, definiendo guarda relación con el esfuerzo de corte y a medida que el oxígeno aumenta en la composición química del gas, aumenta la dureza, ya que se favorece una mayor velocidad de soldeo y, con ello, una mayor velocidad de enfriamiento y un tamaño de cordón más pequeño.
Palabras Clave: Soldadura; GMAW; Ensayo de corte; Gases de protección; Esfuerzo de corte.
E-LEARNING BERBASIS MOODLE SEBAGAI MEDIA INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI GUNA MENCEGAH PENYEBARAN COVID-19
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

To prevent the spread of Covid-19, various universities and schools began to implement e-learning. This is the application of application-based learning. There are many universities that have organized this learning model program and have passed their students' thesis and dissertation examinations by utilizing this technological sophistication. This paper explains the nature of e-learning model, both its characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and its benefits in preventing the spread of Covid-19. Basically, e-learning has two types, namely synchronous and asynchronous. The Synchronous is learning process all at once between lecturers and students (on line at the same time). Whereas the asynchronous is not at the same time. Students can take different time from lecturers. It can be concluded that e-learning can be used to prevent the spread of covid-19, because there is no face-to-face learning when giving material. E-learning also has several advantages over conventional learning systems. However, e-learning also has shortcomings, such as the lack of interaction between students and teachers even between other students, tend to ignore the social aspects and foster individual aspects, the teaching and learning process tends towards training rather than education, and several other shortcomings.
Guna mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 ini, berbagai Perguruan Tinggi hingga sekolah mulai menerapkan e-learning. Upaya ini adalah penerapan pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi. Ada banyak kampus yang sudah menyelenggarakan program pembelajaran model ini dan sudah meluluskan ujian skripsi, tesis dan disertasi mahasiswanya dengan memanfaatkan kecanggihan teknologi ini. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk menjelaskan hakikat pembelajaran e-learning ini, karakteristik, kelebihan dan kekurangannya serta manfaatnya dalam mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Pada dasarnya, e-learning memiliki dua tipe, yaitu synchronous dan asynchronous. Synchronous artinya proses pembelajaran terjadi pada saat yang sama antara dosen dan mahasiswa (on line di waktu bersamaan). Sedangkan asynchronous tidak pada waktu bersamaan. Mahasiswa dapat mengambil waktu pembelajaran berbeda dengan dosen yang memberikan materi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis e-learning dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19, sebab tidak dibutuhkan adanya tatap muka dalam pemberian materi pelajaran. E-learning juga memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan sistem pembelajaran konvensional. Namun demikian, e-learning juga memiliki kekurangan, seperti minimnya interaksi antara pelajar dengan pengajar bahkan antara pelajar yang lain, kecenderungan mengabaikan aspek sosial dan membuat tumbuhnya aspek individual, proses belajar mengajar cenderung ke arah pelatihan dari pada pendidikan, dan beberapa kekurangan lainnya.
PROFESIONALISME GURU FIQIH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP SIKAP KEBERAGAMAAN SISWA DI MTS NEGERI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Huda Muhamad Nuril 
Published: January 2021

Teacher professionalism is something that cannot be negotiated, including for a fiqh teacher. Because the professionalism of a teacher plays a very dominant role, even though the sophistication of technology is very, very impressive. There are still too many human elements such as attitudes, value systems, feelings, motivation, habits, etc. which are expected to be the result of the learning process. A good religious attitude is one of the hopes that results from a fiqh study. And only fiqh learning managed by a professional fiqh teacher has implications for the formation of students' religious attitudes. Professional fiqh teachers are able to create a dynamic and democratic learning atmosphere, and will have implications for students' religious attitudes in the form of; first, the students will understand what they do and at the same time understand what other people who are different from it have been practicing, Second, the level of student obedience in carrying out religious rites is getting better, Third, the more students have more confidence in the truth of their religion, Fourth, the students' commitment to godliness is getting better. good, and Fifth, embedded tolerance towards all differences.

Profesionalisme guru adalah suatu hal yang tidak dapat ditawar-tawar lagi, termasuk bagi seorang guru fiqih. Karena keprofesionalan seorang guru memegang peranan yang sangat dominan, meskipun kecanggihan tehnologi sudah amat sangat mengagumkan. Masih terlalu banyak unsur-unsur manusiawi seperti sikap, sistem nilai, perasaan, motivasi, kebiasaan, dan lain-lain yang diharapkan menjadi hasil dari proses pembelajaran. Sikap keberagamaan yang baik adalah salah satu harapan yang dihasilkan dari sebuah pembelajaran fiqih. Dan hanya pembelajaran fiqih yang dikelola oleh seorang guru fiqih profesional yang memungkinkan berimplikasi pada pembentukan sikap keberagamaan siswa. Guru fiqih yang profesional mampu menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang dinamis dan demokratis, dan akan berimplikasi terhadap sikap keberagamaan siswa berupa; pertama siswa akan memahami apa yang diamalkan sekaligus memahami apa yang selama ini diamalkan orang lain yang berbeda dengannya, Kedua, tingkat kepatuhan siswa dalam menjalankan ritus-ritus agama semakin baik, Ketiga, semakin tambah keyakinan siswa terhadap kebenaran agamanya, Keempat, komitmen kebertuhanan siswa semakin baik, dan Kelima, tertanam sikap toleransi terhadap segala perbedaan..
Manajemen Kesiswaan dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Beragama Siswa MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember
Authors: Sholeh Badrus 
Published: January 2021

Manajemen kesiswaan memiliki peranan penting karena bertujuan untuk mengatur kegiatan-kegiatan peserta didik agar kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut menunjang proses pembelajaran di madrasah. Lebih lanjut, proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan lancar, tertib dan teratur sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pencapaian tujuan madrasah dan tujuan pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Manajemen kesiswaan yang dimaksud adalah program-program dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh kesiswaan untuk meningkatkan keberagamaan peserta didik, sehingga tumbuh menjadi insan yang cerdas, terampil, beriman, bertakwa, dan berakhlak mulia. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bagaimana manajemen kesiswaan sebagai representasi program peningkatan kualitas beragama siswa di MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini sampai pada simpulan bahwa manajemen kesiswaan sebagai representasi program peningkatan kualitas beragama siswa di MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember dimulai sejak proses penerimaan siswa baru dengan menggunakan tes keagamaan dan psikotes. Kemudian dalam proses pembinaan disiplin siswa, dilakukan sistem reward dan punishment yang melibatkan layanan-layanan pendukung di sekolah.
Kata Kunci: kualitas beragama siswa, madrasah, manajemen kesiswaan
Student management has an important role to organize students’ activities, so that these activities will support the school learning process. Furthermore, the learning process which can run smoothly, orderly and regularly can contribute to the achievement of school goals and the whole education objectives. The definition of student management in this research is the programs and activities undertaken by student affair staff to improve the students diversity, so they willl grow to be a clever, skilled, faithful, religious, and noble person. A research focus is to reveal how the student management as a representation of religious quality improvement program in MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. This research concluded that the role of student management as a representation of religious quality improvement program in MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember was started from the new students’ recruitment through religious and psychological tests. Furthermore, they applied reward and punishment system which involved the school support services to maintain the students discipline process.
Stanowisko Czech i Słowacji wobec Inicjatywy Trójmorza
Authors: Bajda Piotr 
Published: January 2021

This article attempts to identify the decision-making process of the authorities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia accompanying the establishment of the Three Seas Initiative – a new project of regional cooperation in Central Europe. Describing the reactions of Prague and Bratislava to the presidential summit in Dubrovnik inaugurating the project and the subsequent evolution of the attitudes of both countries in recent years makes it possible to show the role and importance attributed to the Three Seas Initiative by the Czechs and Slovaks.
Obszary bezpieczeństwa Inicjatywy Trójmorza
Authors: Reginia-Zacharski Jacek 
Published: January 2021

The Three Seas Initiative (tsi) is a relatively young format of regional cooperation, partially implemented by the instruments of the European Union. The areas of the Initiative’s activity declared in Dubrovnik (2016): logistic and transport cooperation, energy cooperation as well as IT and telecommunication cooperation are immanent components of national and international security. At the same time, they implement security postulates directly or indirectly, increasing the potential and possibilities in other areas.The aim of the study is to demonstrate the relationship between the activities carried out in the TSI format and security understood today – both in its „positive” and „negative” dimensions. The leading hypothesis is the assumption that by increasing the civilizational and infrastructural potential, levelling the development backwardness and the competitiveness of the region, it increases the level of security of the whole region, as well as of international institutions such as the European Union and NATO.
Effect of ionic conduction under dielectric barriers on PEDOT:PSS electrochemical interfaces
Authors: Jimbo Yasutoshi , Lee Wonryung , Nishinaka Masaya , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been widely used for electrochemical interfaces. When the surface is covered by an inhomogeneous dielectric layer, ions are injected to the uncovered part of PEDOT:PSS and then laterally diffuse to the covered part. However, this effect has not been incorporated into the device model. Here we show the effect of lateral ionic diffusion on the transient response of electrochemical interfaces. When PEDOT:PSS is partially covered by a dielectric layer, the covered part contributes to the electrochemical admittance unlike metal electrodes. This effect also makes the transient performance of organic electrochemical transistors deviate from conventional models.
MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN ANAK KELOMPOK B MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL UMPET BATU
Authors: Rahmah Siti , Zirmansyah Zirmansyah 
Published: January 2021

Disiplin dapat mengasah perkembangan sosial emosional pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan disiplin melalui permainan tradisional pada anak kelompok B. Penelitian ini berupa Penelitian Tindakan Kelas menggunakan model <em>Kemmis dan Mc.Taggart</em>. Subjek penelitian adalah Kelompok B1 yang berjumlah 24 orang anak di TK Al Kautsar. Data diambil melalui observasi dan dokumentasi dalam pengumpulan data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dikatakan berhasil jika 75% anak berhasil mencapai dua butir indikator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disiplin anak kelompok B1 meningkat. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata anak yang mendapat skor 3 pada setiap indikator per siklus dari siklus I ke siklus II pada indikator taat pada aturan permainan siklus I sebesar 31.8% dan siklus II sebesar 77.2 %, artinya terdapat peningkatan sebesar 45.4%. Pada indikator mengatur diri sendiri siklus I sebesar 31.8% dan siklus II sebesar 77.2 %, artinya terdapat peningkatan sebesar 45.4%. Kesimpulannya adalah permainan tradisional dapat meningkatkan disiplin pada anak kelompok B di TK Al Kautsar Pondok Bambu Jakarta Timur.
UPAYA GURU MENANAMKAN KEMANDIRIAN ANAK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SENTRA SENI
Authors: Melinda Vini , Suwardi Suwardi 
Published: January 2021

<p>Kemandirian adalah sikap dan perilaku yang tidak mudah bergantung pada orang lain dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugasnya sendiri. Kemandirian sangat penting dikembangkan pada anak usia dini agar menjadi individu yang mampu melakukan semua kegiatan dengan kemampuan dirinya sendiri tanpa campur tangan dari orang lain, inisiatif dalam menyelesaikan masalah, penuh ketekunan, dan memperoleh kepuasan dari usahanya sendiri. Salah satu sekolah yang menanamkan kemandirian yaitu KB-TK Islam Al Azhar 2 Pasar Minggu melalui pembelajaran di Sentra Seni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan upaya guru dalam menanamkan kemandirian anak usia 4 – 5 tahun melalui kegiatan pembelajaran di Sentra Seni KB-TK Islam Al Azhar 2 Pasar Minggu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data pada penelitian ini terdiri dari kepala sekolah, guru, dan anak-anak Kelompok A1 di Sentra Seni KB-TK Islam Al Azhar 2 Pasar Minggu. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam menanamkan kemandirian anak di Sentra Seni dilakukan dengan cara pemberian contoh (<em>role model</em>), pembiasaan, dan motivasi. Ketiga upaya ini dilakukan di setiap pijakan, yaitu Pijakan Sebelum Bermain, Pijakan Selama Bermain, dan Pijakan Sesudah Bermain.</p>
Phosphate mineral associations from the Tres Arroyos aplite-pegmatites (Badajoz, Spain): Petrography, mineral chemistry, and petrogenetic implications
Authors: Garate-Olave Idoia , Roda-Robles Encarnación , Gil-Crespo Pedro Pablo , Pesquera Alfonso 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTIn the Tres Arroyos granite-pegmatite system (Badajoz, Spain) a zoned aplite-pegmatite field occurs, with poorly evolved, intermediate, and Li-rich dikes intruded into metasediments, close to the contact with the Nisa-Alburquerque granitic batholith. A large variety of Fe-Mn phosphate minerals occur in the poorly evolved aplite-pegmatites; Al-phosphates occur mainly in the intermediate and Li-rich dikes. The Fe/(Fe + Mn) ratio of the Fe-Mn phosphates is the highest reported for aplite-pegmatite fields in the Central Iberian Zone, suggesting a low degree of fractionation for the poorly evolved aplite-pegmatites that host these minerals. In contrast, the high F contents observed in crystals of the amblygonite–montebrasite series from the intermediate and Li-rich aplite-pegmatites indicates a higher fractionation degree for these dikes. The relatively common occurrence of phosphate minerals in the three types of aplite-pegmatites from Tres Arroyos attests to a significant availability of P in the pegmatitic melt. In this granite pegmatite system, P first started behaving as a compatible element, thus favoring the crystallization of discrete phosphates, during the crystallization of the poorly evolved aplite-pegmatites. In more fractionated melts, where Fe-Mn-(Mg) contents were extremely depleted, P was still available, allowing the crystallization of the Al-phosphates, mainly of the amblygonite–montebrasite series, in the more evolved intermediate and Li-rich aplite-pegmatites. Subsolidus replacement of the early phosphate phases, such as those of the amblygonite–montebrasite series, by lacroixite, together with the presence of late Ca- and Sr-bearing phosphates such as jahnsite-(CaMnFe), whiteite-(CaFeMg), mitridatite, and goyazite, attest to a high activity of metasomatic fluids in the Tres Arroyos granite-pegmatite system. Consequently, variations in the phosphate mineral associations and in their chemical compositions reflect well the fractional crystallization processes suffered by the pegmatitic melts from the poorly evolved up to the Li-rich dikes, as well as the subsolidus history of the Tres Arroyos system.