bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Fractured Rock Heterogeneity with the Grid Characteristic Method Using Structured Multiblock Grids
Authors: Хохлов Н.И. 
Published: August 2021

Основной задачей, стоящей перед сейсмической разведкой, является восстановление структуры и свойств подповерхностного пространства на основе регистрации колебаний земной поверхности. Для этого необходимо решить обратную задачу, что, в свою очередь, требует решения серии прямых задач с последовательно изменяющейся моделью геологического массива. В связи с открытием нетрадиционных месторождений (например, Баженовская свита), актуальной становится задача интерпретации сейсмического сигнала, обусловленной неоднородной структурой трещиноватых пластов. В настоящей работе была построена трещиноватая модель, отражающая некоторые особенности нефтеносных геологических сред. Проведено численное моделирование распространения сейсмических волн и получены синтетические площадные сейсмограммы. Также был проведен анализ сейсмического отклика.
The key objective of seismic exploration is the recreation of the subsoil structure and properties by registering the surface waves. To solve a reverse problem, several direct problems shall be solved as the rock model is gradually changed. As nonconventional deposits are discovered (like the Bazhenov suite), it becomes necessary to interpret the seismic response caused by the heterogeneous structure of the fractured rock. This study presents a fractured rock model that represents some features of oilbearing geology. The seismic waves propagation was simulated, and composed widepatch seismic records were produced. The seismic response was also analyzed.
Simulation of Polydisperse Gas-Droplet Mixture Flows with Chemical Transformations
Authors: Смирнов Н.Н. , Тюренкова В.В. , Стамов Л.И. , Хадем Дж. 
Published: August 2021

В статье представлен обзор результатов теоретических, численных и экспериментальных исследований процессов горения и инициирования детонации в гетерогенных полидисперсных смесях. Обсуждаются проблемы распыления, испарения и горения капель топлива, а также неравновесные эффекты при распылении капель и фазовых переходах. Влияние неоднородности размеров капель и неоднородности пространственного распределения на воспламенение смеси и ускорение пламени было исследовано для сильного и мягкого инициирования детонации: ударной волной и искровым зажиганием с последующим переходом от дефлаграции к детонации (ДДТ). Изучены особенности впрыска и зажигания струи в реакционной камере.
The paper presents the results of theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations of combustion and detonation initiation in heterogeneous polydispersed mixtures. The problems of fuel droplets atomization, evaporation and combustion, and the nonequilibrium effects in droplets atomization and phase transitions are discussed. The effects of droplets size nonuniformity and spatial distribution nonuniformity on mixture ignition and flame acceleration were investigated for strong and mild initiation of detonation: by a shock wave and spark ignition followed by deflagration to detonation transition (DDT). The features of jet injection and ignition in a reaction chamber are studied.
Towards a reproducible snow load map – an example for Austria
Authors: Schellander Harald , Winkler Michael , Hell Tobias 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The European Committee for Standardization defines zonings and calculation criteria for different European regions to assign snow loads for structural design. In the Alpine region these defaults are quite coarse; countries therefore use their own products, and inconsistencies at national borders are a common problem. A new methodology to derive a snow load map for Austria is presented, which is reproducible and could be used across borders. It is based on (i) modeling snow loads with the specially developed Δsnow model at 897 sophistically quality controlled snow depth series in Austria and neighboring countries and (ii) a generalized additive model where covariates and their combinations are represented by penalized regression splines, fitted to series of yearly snow load maxima derived in the first step. This results in spatially modeled snow load extremes. The new approach outperforms a standard smooth model and is much more accurate than the currently used Austrian snow load map when compared to the RMSE of the 50-year snow load return values through a cross-validation procedure. No zoning is necessary, and the new map's RMSE of station-wise estimated 50-year generalized extreme value (GEV) return levels gradually rises to 2.2 kN m−2 at an elevation of 2000 m. The bias is 0.18 kN m−2 and positive across all elevations. When restricting the range of validity of the new map to 2000 m elevation, negative bias values that significantly underestimate 50-year snow loads at a very small number of stations are the only objective problem that has to be solved before the new map can be proposed as a successor of the current Austrian snow load map.
Streamflow estimation at partially gaged sites using multiple-dependence conditions via vine copulas
Authors: Ahn Kuk-Hyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Reliable estimates of missing streamflow values are relevant for water
resource planning and management. This study proposes a multiple-dependence condition model via vine copulas for the purpose of estimating streamflow at partially gaged sites. The proposed model is attractive in modeling the high-dimensional joint distribution by building a hierarchy of conditional bivariate copulas when provided a complex streamflow gage network. The usefulness of the proposed model is firstly highlighted using a synthetic streamflow scenario. In this analysis, the bivariate copula model and a variant of the vine copulas are also employed to show the ability of the multiple-dependence structure adopted in the proposed model. Furthermore, the evaluations are extended to a case study of 54 gages located within the Yadkin–Pee Dee River basin in the eastern USA. Both results inform that the proposed model is better suited for infilling missing values. To be specific, the proposed multiple-dependence model shows the improvement of 9.2 % on average compared to the bivariate model from the historical case study. The performance of the vine copula is further compared with six other infilling approaches to confirm its applicability. Results demonstrate that the proposed model produces more reliable streamflow estimates than the other approaches. In particular, when applied to partially gaged sites with sufficient available data, the proposed model clearly outperforms the other models. Even though the model is illustrated by a specific case, it can be extended to other regions with diverse hydro-climatological variables for the objective of infilling.
High-resolution stable isotope signature of a land-falling atmospheric river in southern Norway
Authors: Weng Yongbiao , Johannessen Aina , Sodemann Harald 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Heavy precipitation at the west coast of Norway is often connected to elongated meridional structures of high integrated water vapour transport known as atmospheric rivers (ARs). Here we present high-resolution measurements of stable isotopes in near-surface water vapour and precipitation during a land-falling AR in southwestern Norway on 7 December 2016. In our analysis, we aim to identify the influences of moisture source conditions, weather system characteristics, and post-condensation processes on the isotope signal in near-surface water vapour and precipitation. A total of 71 precipitation samples were collected during the 24 h sampling period, mostly taken at sampling intervals of 10–20 min. The isotope composition of near-surface vapour was continuously monitored in situ with a cavity ring-down spectrometer. Local meteorological conditions were in addition observed from a vertical pointing rain radar, a laser disdrometer, and automatic weather stations. We observe a stretched, “W”-shaped evolution of isotope composition during the event. Combining paired precipitation and vapour isotopes with meteorological observations, we define four different stages of the event. The two most depleted periods in the isotope δ values are associated with frontal transitions, namely a combination of two warm fronts that follow each other within a few hours and an upper-level cold front. The d-excess shows a single maximum and a step-wise decline in precipitation and a gradual decrease in near-surface vapour. Thereby, the isotopic evolution of the near-surface vapour closely follows that of the precipitation with a time delay of about 30 min, except for the first stage of the event. Analysis using an isotopic below-cloud exchange framework shows that the initial period of low and even negative d-excess in precipitation was caused by evaporation below cloud base. The isotope signal from the cloud level became apparent at ground level after a transition period that lasted up to several hours. Moisture source diagnostics for the periods when the cloud signal dominates show that the moisture source conditions are then partly reflected in surface precipitation and water vapour isotopes. In our study, the isotope signal in surface precipitation during the AR event reflects the combined influence of atmospheric dynamics, moisture sources, and atmospheric distillation, as well as cloud microphysics and below-cloud processes. Based on this finding, we recommend careful interpretation of results obtained from Rayleigh distillation models in such events, in particular for the interpretation of surface vapour and precipitation from stratiform clouds.
RECTAL FISTULA
Authors: Жанбырбай Б.К. , Кошербаева Л.К. , Абдраимов Ж.О. , Абдулхасанова Ш.Б. , Кудайбергенова Г.Г. , Кудайбергенова Ж.Б. , Маннапова М.А. , Усербаева С.С. 
Published: August 2021

Свищи желудочно-кишечного тракта являются наиболее тяжелым осложнением различных оперативных вмешательств на брюшной полости, несущим угрозу для жизни больного. На сегодняшний день прямокишечные свищи являются одной из часто встречающих заболеваний в структуре хирургических заболеваний. Затрагивает данная патология в среднем пациентов в возрасте 30-50 лет, что обуславливает социально-экономическую значимость данной проблемы. На основании изученных исследований и метаанализов, мы можем сказать, что не разработан «золотой стандарт» лечения сложных прямокишечных свищей без осложнений.
A gastrointestinal fistula is the most severe complication of various surgical interventions after abdominal surgery, posing a threat to the patient's life. To date, rectal fistulas are one of the most common surgical diseases. This pathology affects on average patients aged 30-50 years, which determines the socio-economic significance of this problem. Based on research and meta-analyzes, we can say that there is no "gold standard" for the treatment of complex rectal fistulas without complications.
MACRO-AND MICROSCOPIC CHANGES KIDNEY DISEASE IN CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19
Authors: Гумарова П.С. , Абдуллаева Б.А. 
Published: August 2021

В настоящее время глубоко изучается морфо и патогенез - короновирусной инфекции, представители мировой медицины отмечают, что вирус SARS-Cov-2 очень быстро распространяется от человека к человеку. В связи с этим ВОЗ объявила вспышку COVID-19 пандемией. Некоторые ученые разработали концепцию, согласно которой изменение функциональной функции почек,изменение цвета мочи от нормального состояния, увеличение концентрации альбумина происходят от проникновения специфического SARS-CoV-2 в клетку через рецепторы АСЕ2.Доказано, что при цитологическом исследовании почек у человека в тяжелом состоянии COVID-19 происходит агрегация эритроцитов, разрушение эпителия и подоцитов. Лицам, страдающим хроническими заболеваниями почек, необходимо применять безопасные и действенные - методические подходы в профилактике короновирусной инфекции.
At present, the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of coronavirus infections are being studied in-depth, and the SARS-Cov-2 virus is spreading rapidly from person to person, according to world medicine. In this regard, the WHO declared the COVID-19 epidemic a pandemic. Some scientists have suggested that changes in renal function, abnormal urine colour, and increased albumin concentrations are caused by the entry of specific SARS-CoV-2 into the cell through ACE2 receptors. Cytological examination of the kidneys has shown that a person with severe COVID-19 has aggregation of erythrocytes, destruction of epithelium and podocytes. People with chronic kidney disease should use safe and effective innovative methods in the prevention of coronavirus infection.
AGGRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ITS PREVENTION
Authors: Камалиев Д.М. , Ракишева А.С. , Самсонова Ж.И. , Жетеева Р.А. 
Published: August 2021

В нашем исследовании изучена подростковая агрессивность и причины ее проявления, проведен анализ изученной литературы, изучены степени и проявления агрессии в подростковом возрасте школьников 7-8 классов и осужденных исправительного учреждения, проанализированы результаты исследования, выстроены правила подавления агрессивного поведения и даны рекомендации подросткам, родителям, педагогам.
In our study, we studied adolescent aggressiveness and the causes of its manifestation, analyzed the literature, studied the degree and manifestations of aggression in adolescence of schoolchildren of grades 7-8 and convicts of correctional institutions, analyzed the results of the study, built the rules for suppressing aggressive behavior and gave recommendations to adolescents, parents, teachers.
CURRENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Бабаева А.А. , Ушурова К.М. , Серикова Г.Б. , Канапина А.Б. , Асемов А.Б. 
Published: August 2021

Цель: Целью данной работы является изучение доступности, использования и существующих ограничений использования кардиологической реабилитации (КР) в Республике Казахстан. Материалы и методы: основной основой для исследования послужил обзор существующих исследований и имеющихся данных. Поиск исследований КР в странах с низким и средним уровнем доходов и странах с GHSI (Глобальный индекс безопасности в области здравоохранения) выше среднего был выполнен в различных электронных базах данных, включая EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, elibrary. Результаты. В Казахстане отсутствуют единые и утвержденные протоколы КР-терапии, а в организациях, проводящих реабилитационные программы, нет спецификации по пациентам с ССЗ. Кроме того, врачи часто назначают программы реабилитации, но они доступны для большинства пациентов из-за нехватки программ и высокой стоимости медицинского туризма. Кроме того, реабилитационные программы часто предлагают немедицинские учреждения, например, санатории. Вывод: Перед казахстанским здравоохранением стоит задача снижения смертности и инвалидности пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиологическая реабилитация (КР) является краеугольным камнем вторичной профилактики ишемической болезни сердца. В развивающихся странах, где бремя ишемической болезни сердца является значительным и продолжает расти, КР имеет критически важное значение. Однако наличие и использование КР в Казахстане систематически неизвестно.
Purpose: The aim of this work is to investigate the availability, exploitation and existing limitation of Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) usage in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods: The major basis for the study was the literature review of existing research and available data. The search on the studies of CR in low and middle-income countries and countries with GHSI of above-average was performed on various electronic databases, including EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, elibrary. Results: There are no unified and approved protocols of CR-therapies in Kazakhstan and organizations which conduct rehabilitation programs, have no specification on CVD-patients. Furthermore, doctors frequently prescribe rehabilitation programs, but it is available for most of the patients due to the scarcity of programs, and high costs of medical tourism. Moreover, the rehabilitation programs are frequently offered by non-medical institutions, such as health resorts. Conclusion: Kazakh health care faces the task of reducing mortality and disability of patients with coronary heart disease. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a cornerstone of secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. In LMIC, where the burden of ischemic heart disease is substantial and growing, CR is critically important. However, the availability and utilization of CR in Kazakhstan are not systematically known.
CIRCULATING MIR-145 AND MIR-21 IN BREAST CANCER IN THE KAZAKH POPULATION
Authors: Шарипов К.О. , Аширбеков Е.Е. , Абайлдаев А.О. , Ботбаев Д.М. , Белкожаев А.М. , Бекжанова Д.М. , Айтхожина Н.А. 
Published: August 2021

Рак молочной железы является наиболее часто диагностирумым раком у женщин во всем мире. Несмотря на прогресс в скриниге, позволившим обнаруживать заболевание на более ранних стадиях и значительно уменьшить смертноть, имеется необходимость в поиске новых достоверных, малоинвазивных и дешевых биомаркеров для раннего обнаружения, диагностики и прогностики рака молочной железы. Целью данного исследования явилась проверка диагностичекой ценности двух циркулирующих микроРНК - miR-145-5p и miR-21-5p, рекомендованных в литературе в качестве маркеров рака молочной железы, на выборке казахских женщин (91 больных и 65 здоровых). Используя метод количественной ПЦР, мы обнаружили, что концентрации обеих микроРНК были достоверно повышены в плазме больных по сравнению со здоровыми контролями. Кроме того, была обнаружена связь с некоторыми клинико-патологическими характеристиками в группе пациентов: уровень miR-21-5p был ассоциирован с пролиферативной активностью опухоли, уровень miR-145-5p - с менопаузальным статусом, уровни обеих микроРНК - с возрастом менархе и употреблением алкоголя. ROC-анализ показал средний потенциал применимости miR-145-5p в диагностике РМЖ, и низкий потенциал для miR-21-5p.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type in women around the world. Despite advances in screening that have made it possible to detect the disease at an earlier stage and significantly reduce mortality, there is a need to identify new reliable, minimally invasive and cheap biomarkers for the early detection, diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic value of two circulating miRNAs: miR-145-5p and miR-21-5p, recommended in the literature as markers of breast cancer, in Kazakh women (91 patients and 65 healthy controls). Using the quantitative PCR technique, we found that both miR-145-5p and miR-21-5p levels were significantly elevated in the plasma of breast cancer patients in comparison to healthy controls. In addition, associations with some clinicopathological characteristics in the patient group were found: the level of miR-145-5p was associated with menopausal status; the level of miR-21-5p was associated with the proliferative activity of tumors; the levels of both miR-145-5p and miR-21-5p were associated with age at menarche and alcohol consumption. ROC-analysis showed an intermediate potential for usefulness in breast cancer diagnostics for miR-145-5p, and a low potential for miR-21-5p.
CLASSIFICFTION AND MECHANISM OF ACROMIAL-CLAVICULAR JOINT DAMAGE
Authors: Набиев Е.Н. , Баубеков Ж.Т. , Абилда Е.М. , Халходжаев М.К. , Тусупов Д.М. , Турбеков Н.Т. , Алпысбаев Б.Б. 
Published: August 2021

В статье приведены современные классификации повреждений акромиально-ключичного сочленения, а также механизм их возникновения. Современные классификации должны учитывать степень повреждения связочного аппарата, вид смещения ключицы и морфологические изменения, происходящие в окружающих тканях АКС и плечевого пояса. Показаны значения классификации повреждений при выборе рационального лечения повреждений акромиально-ключичного сочленения. Знание механизма повреждения позволяет специалисту прогнозировать характер и тяжесть повреждения структур сустава. Отмечено важность характера травмирующей силы при повреждении акромиально-ключичного сочленения.
The article presents modern classifications of injuries of the acromioclavicular joint, as well as the mechanism of their occurrence. Modern classifications should take into account the degree of damage to the ligamentous apparatus, the type of displacement of the clavicle and morphological changes occurring in the surrounding tissues of the ACS and the shoulder girdle. The values of the classification of injuries are shown when choosing a rational treatment for injuries of the acromioclavicular joint. Knowledge of the mechanism of damage allows the specialist to predict the nature and severity of damage to the structures of the joint. The importance of the nature of the traumatic force in case of damage to the acromioclavicular joint is noted.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NEUROSURGICAL SERVICES
Authors: Ерниязов Н.Б. , Арингазина А.М. 
Published: August 2021

В статье представлен краткий обзор влияния пандемии COVID-19 и связанных с ней карантинных мероприятий на различные аспекты хирургической службы в общем и нейрохирургической службы в частности. Дана информация об организации нейрохирургической службы в различных странах в период карантина, методах оптимизации, нанесенном вреде на повседневную работу.
The article provides a brief overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related quarantine measures on various aspects of the surgical service in general and the neurosurgical service in particular. It provides an information on the organization of neurosurgical services in various countries during the quarantine period, optimization methods, and damage done to daily work.
Origin-Destination Data: a prototype and related scenarios
Authors: Parcianello Yussef , Kozievitch Nádia Puchalski , Fonseca Keiko V. O. , Rosa Marcelo 
Published: August 2021

The Public Transportation System and its operation management require the processing of large amount of data (like bus routes, user data and bus schedules). In particular, origin-destination data serves to indicate citizens’ travel patterns, providing insights related to the dynamic of the urban space occupation. Given this scenario, this paper presents a prototype of origin-destination data visualization, maintaining the spatial and temporal context. The novelty relies on visualization through clustering of georreferenced data, allowing the analysis of different regions of interests (neighborhood, regionals or mathematical regions using K-means algorithm). We demonstrate the prototype through several scenarios, and interviews done to local citizens.Challenges related to meaningful presentation of results are discussed under the perspective of visualization and analytics.