bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platinum Crosslinked Carbon Dot@TiO2−x p‐n Junctions for Relapse‐Free Sonodynamic Tumor Eradication via High‐Yield ROS and GSH Depletion
Authors: Geng Bijiang , Xu Shuang , Li Ping , Li Xiaokai , Fang Fuling , Pan Dengyu , Shen Longxiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSonodynamic therapy as a promising noninvasive modality is being developed for tumor therapy, but there is a lack of next‐generation sonosensitizers that can generate full ROS at high yields and simultaneously deplete elevated levels of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells. Semiconductor p‐n junctions are engineered as high‐efficacy sonosensitizers for sonodynamic tumor eradication using pyridine N‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) as a p‐type semiconductor and oxygen‐deficient TiO2−x nanosheets as a n‐type semiconductor. The rate constants of 1O2 and •OH generation by ultrasound‐excited N‐CD@TiO2−x p‐n junctions are 4.3 and 4.5 times higher than those of TiO2, respectively. A Z‐scheme carrier migration mechanism in the p‐n junction achieving the rapid spatial separation of the ultrasound‐generated electron–hole pairs for enhanced full ROS production is proposed. GSH‐cleavable, Pt‐crosslinked, N‐doped CD fluorescent probes to detect the presence of intracellular GSH are also constructed. A GSH‐responsive, p‐n junction platform (Pt/N‐CD@TiO2−x) with integrated GSH detection, GSH depletion, and enhanced sonodynamic performance is then assembled. Malignant tumors are completely eradicated without relapse via intravenous administration of low‐dose Pt/N‐CD@TiO2−x under ultrasound irradiation. This work substantiates the great potential of biocompatible, GSH‐responsive p‐n junctions as next‐generation sonosensitizers via p‐n junction‐enhanced ROS generation and metal ion oxidation of intracellular GSH.
Bismuth Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Rich Porous Carbon Nanofibers as a High‐Performance Anode for Aqueous Alkaline Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhou Kai , Wang Shuai , Guo Xinying , Zhong Guixiang , Liu Zhenbang , Ma Yingming , Wang Haoyu , Bao Yu , Han Dongxue , Niu Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aqueous alkaline rechargeable batteries (AARBs) have an attractive potential for electrochemical energy storage devices. In view of the advantages of high theoretical capacity and desirable negative operating window, bismuth (Bi) has been deemed as a hopeful anode material for AARBs. Unfortunately, intensive reported works of Bi anode are still confronted with limited capacity and poor cycling stability. Herein, the designed electrodes of different size Bi nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon nanofibers with a contrasting nitrogen doping content are obtained by electrospinning and thermal treatment processes. The effect of the N dopant in carbon shell is demonstrated on the Bi core, which is in favor of enhancing the capacity of Bi anodes. More importantly, the core structure with highly dispersed ultrasmall Bi nanoparticles (<20 nm) in carbon matrix plays a crucial role in long‐term durability. Accordingly, the optimized polydisperse ultrasmall Bi nanoparticles confined in N‐rich porous carbon nanofibers electrode (Bi@NPCF) presents an admirable capacity of 196.1 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 and outstanding durable lifespan (retain 116.95% after 10 000 cycles). In addition, the fabricated Bi@NPCF//NiCo2O4 battery exhibits an exceptional energy and power density with durable stability (95.9% after 5000 cycles).
Co‐Assembly of Colloids and Eumelanin Nanoparticles in Droplets for Structural Pigments with High Saturation
Authors: Han Sang Hoon , Choi Ye Hun , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractColloidal crystals have been used to develop structural colors. However, incoherent scattering causes the colors to turn whitish, reducing the color saturation. To overcome the problem, light‐absorbing additives have been incorporated. Although various additives have been used, most of them are not compatible with a direct co‐assembly with common colloids in aqueous suspensions. Here, the authors suggest eumelanin nanoparticles as a new additive to enhance the color chroma. Eumelanin nanoparticles are synthesized to have diameters of several nanometers by oxidative polymerization of precursors in basic solutions. The nanoparticles carry negative charges and do not weaken the electrostatic repulsion among same‐charged polystyrene particles when they are added to aqueous suspensions. To prove the effectiveness of eumelanin as a saturation enhancer, the authors produce photonic balls through direct co‐assembly of polystyrene and eumelanin using water‐in‐oil emulsion droplets, while varying the weight ratio of eumelanin to polystyrene. The high crystallinity of colloidal crystals is preserved for the ratio up to at least 1/50 as the eumelanin does not perturb the crystallization. The eumelanin effectively suppresses incoherent scattering while maintaining the strength of structural resonance at an optimum ratio, improving color chroma without compromising brightness.
Die Capricorn‐Brücke im Düsseldorfer Medienhafen
Authors: Mähl Florian , Hartl Günter , Kloft Harald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIm Süden des Düsseldorfer Medienhafens sind innerhalb kurzer Zeit zwei moderne Bürogebäude in nächster Umgebung zueinander entstanden, zum einen das Capricornhaus der Architekten Gatermann+Schossig und das Float von Renzo Piano Building Workshop. Ursprünglich unabhängig voneinander geplant, beherbergen beide Gebäude heute gemeinsam die Firmenzentrale eines internationalen Konzerns. Zur Verbesserung der internen Erschließung wurden Supergelb Architekten und osd – office for structural design beauftragt, eine verbindende, witterungsgeschützte Fußgängerbrücke zu entwerfen. Die komplexe Form der kristallin wirkenden und allseitig mit polygonalen Isolierglaselementen bekleideten Capricorn‐Brücke leitet sich her aus den unterschiedlichen Gebäudeachsen, den verspringenden Zugängen in die bestehenden Fassaden sowie der zentralen Gründung im Straßenraum. Das 35 m lange Brückenbauwerk setzt sich gestalterisch von den Nachbargebäuden ab und markiert einen eigenständigen Baukörper im Straßenraum, der von außen wie ein geschliffener Diamant wirkt. Die Capricorn‐Brücke lagert auf einem zentralen, massiven Sockel aus Stahlbeton, von welchem das räumliche Stabwerk aus Stahlhohlprofilen in beide Richtungen zu den Andockpunkten hin auskragt. Durch die zentrale Gründung in Fahrbahnmitte ergaben sich für Tragwerks‐ und Fassadenplanung besondere Anforderungen.
Moment–rotation curve characteristics and initial rotational stiffness calculation method of angle connections
Authors: Qin Jiangui , Wang Zhan , Pan Jianrong , Li Bin , Fan Yanjing 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDue to recent advances in computational power, high efficiency and high precision semi‐rigid calculation methods of steel connections are necessary. In this paper, four connection experiments were designed to study the mechanical behavior of the top and seat angle connections. In the experiment, a monotonic load was applied at the end of the beam to study its moment–rotation characteristics. In addition, this paper proposed a second derivative method to determine the yield point, the starting point of the plastic strengthening stage, and the initial rotational stiffness of the connections according to the moment–rotation curve. Loading test experiments (EX) results and finite element analysis (FEA) results showed that the compression side angle stiffener has little effect on the initial rotational stiffness. Nevertheless, it can delay the top and seat angle connection in entering the elastoplastic stage and the starting point of the plastic strengthening stage. The results also showed that the tension side angle stiffener could significantly increase the initial rotational stiffness, but makes the angle connection enter the yield stage earlier. When the connection's top and seat angles have no stiffener, the elastoplastic deformation range on the curve is smaller. Finally, based on the theory of Plates and Shells, this paper proposed the calculation method for the deformation stiffness of the key components and the initial rotational stiffness of the connection. Results from the theoretical calculation method showed high calculation accuracy and high calculation efficiency, as compared with the EX and the FEA results.
Research on vertical deformation and predeformation control of three‐tower connected super high‐rise structure during construction
Authors: Yuan Zhijie , Sun Guangjun , Wu Xiaoping , Li Hongjing , Kong Lei 
Published: December 2021

SummaryConnected super high‐rise structure has a long construction period and significant time‐dependent characteristics, so it is necessary to study its vertical deformation during construction. Taking an asymmetrical three‐tower conjoined super high‐rise structure as engineering background, the equivalent elasticity problem was analyzed by age‐adjusted effective modulus method, and vertical deformation formula was deduced. A simplified model and a refined model of structure were established. The correctness of the deformation formula and modeling had been proven by comparing the dynamic characteristics and numerical simulation results. Based on the simplified model, the optimal construction plan of the conjoined super high‐rise structure was discussed. Based on the deformation formula, the predeformation calculation method of the conjoined super high rise was studied, and the correctness was verified by numerical simulation. The results show that the largest vertical deformation of the connected structure occurs at the position of corridor, and an apparent mutation occurs here. Properly delaying the rigid connection timing between corridor and tower is beneficial to the control of the overall structural deformation difference and internal force. The predeformation analysis method proposed in this paper is correct and effective, which could offset the vertical deformation of the structure during the construction sequence.
Process Intensification of Enzymatic Synthesis of Flavor Esters: A Review
Authors: Jaiswal Kajal S. , Rathod Virendra K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe conventional flavor synthesis method suffers from low yields, time inefficiency, and extreme reaction conditions. Therefore, there is a necessity for the green and novel synthesis approach to overcome these limitations. The current review presents a holistic insight into different aspects associated with the synthesis of flavor esters using the immobilized enzyme. The application of process intensification tools such as ultrasound and microwave irradiation can enhance the reaction efficiency because of higher product recovery, less formation of by‐products, and decreased energy consumption. This review presents the process intensification of value‐added flavor esters synthesis and the mechanism of ultrasound and microwave action on the enzyme to enhance the enzyme activity and increase the reaction rate. It also summarizes the role of process intensification in enzymatic flavor ester synthesis, followed by specific examples as reported in the literature.
Introduction
Authors: Silvast Antti , Foulds Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides background context on the calls for doing (more) interdisciplinarity and explains our own positioning as to what interdisciplinarity actually is, as well as what we believe this book contributes to the study of said interdisciplinarity. Specifically, we discuss mainstream arguments for why interdisciplinary research is deemed to be a worthwhile endeavour by many researchers, policymakers, funders, and so on. We build on this by arguing that there is a unique—and currently under-fulfilled—role to be played by Science and Technology Studies (STS) in exploring the sociological dimensions of how large-scale (energy) research projects are actually carried out. Alongside these wider landscape discussions, we explain what this book contributes to the study of interdisciplinarity and to energy research, through our empirics and STS-inspired ideas. We also make clear how we define interdisciplinarity and disciplines and explain how we focus on problem-focused research that may (or may not) involve external stakeholders.
Whole Systems Thinking and Modelling in the UK
Authors: Silvast Antti , Foulds Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUK academic researchers have been vying for a ‘whole’ systems perspective on energy issues for more than a decade. This research programme has exposed challenges in complex systems thinking and in the dialogue between academic disciplines and epistemic cultures that is needed to mediate the social, technological, and environmental impacts of energy systems. This chapter examines these efforts starting from existing studies that include detailed reports on experiences of interdisciplinary research. By extending these findings via interviews and ethnographic research, this chapter pays particular attention to the role of interdisciplinary computer modelling that was expected to represent complex energy transitions and energy infrastructures of the future. In doing so, this chapter demonstrates how interdisciplinarity has actually worked in three exemplary areas: the diversity of computer models that seek to represent everyday energy demand and how they simplify both demand and other disciplines in so doing; the need for collaborative, cross-cutting research in foresight of future energy scenarios; and how modelling scholars strongly envision their models should become ‘useful’ for imagined policy and planning stakeholders.
Animal Welfare: Beyond Human Happiness
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor animals capable of affective feelings (enjoyment and suffering), we should also be concerned with their welfare. Welfare biology studies at least three basic questions: Which (species are capable of welfare)? Whether (their welfare is positive)? How (to increase their welfare? As affective feelings entail energy costs, species not capable of making flexible choices are not capable of affective feelings. The fact that members of most species either starve to death or are eaten before successful mating, their net welfare is likely negative. We could decrease animal suffering by banning pointless cruelty and making the living conditions of our farmed animals better (like increasing cage sizes of chicken farming). However, the widespread reduction of extensive animal suffering including wild animals will largely have to be left after our significant scientific/technological, economic, and moral advances. Excessively strict guidelines on animal experimentation that inhibit scientific/technological advances may thus be counter-productive in animal salvation in the long run.
Happiness or Life Satisfaction?
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLife satisfaction is likely to be more (than happiness) liable to be affected by shifts in the aspiration level, reducing the comparability of the resulting indices. Life satisfaction and/or preference may differ from happiness due to a positive valuation on the contribution to or a concern for the happiness of others. In the presence of such a divergence, levels of life satisfaction may be misleading.
Happiness as the Only Intrinsic Value
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs happiness is directly experienced by the individual as valuable, its normative value needs no additional justification. Things like institutions and moral principles may be used to promote happiness directly and indirectly. In time, they may be mistakenly valued for their own sake, while ultimately their values should be based on their contribution to happiness. We are born, brought up, and socially influenced to have certain preferences which are largely consistent with our own happiness. Where they diverge, then apart from the effects on the happiness in the future and of others (hence really no divergence in the longer/wider perspective of happiness), ultimately it is happiness that is really consistent with rationality. Arguments for happiness as the only intrinsic value are made and defended against objections or opposite arguments (including ‘Rather be unhappy Socrates than a happy pig’, Kant's categorical imperatives, Rawls’ maximin, etc.). The apparent acceptability of these opposing positions is due either to our imperfect rationality and/or inadequate account on the effects in the future and on others.
Hepatitis E virus cross-contamination on the surface of porcine livers after storage in Euro meat containers in a German pig abattoir
Authors: Dzierzon Janine , Oswaldi Verena , Merle Roswitha , Langkabel Nina , Meemken Diana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen and known as the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans. The specific role of porcine liver as a vehicle for human HEV infections has been highlighted in different studies. Nevertheless, gaps of knowledge still exist regarding possible HEV cross-contamination both at consumer and production level. Furthermore, people working in the food production industry, e.g. veterinarians and abattoir employees, are exposed to an increased risk of HEV infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate HEV cross-contamination on the surface of porcine liver in a German abattoir. The sample set included 250 samples of porcine liver parenchyma and the corresponding 250 superficial layer samples of the same livers, which were analyzed for the presence of HEV ribonucleic acid (RNA). Afterwards, the initial status of the tested liver parenchyma was compared with the occurrence of HEV RNA in the corresponding superficial layer. HEV RNA was detectable in 34% (85/250) of superficial layer samples, with 58% (49/85) of the samples originated from initially HEV negative livers. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides an insight in the potential of HEV cross-contamination at abattoir level in Germany. Furthermore, it could be identified that the joint storage of livers in Euro meat containers has a significant impact on the presence of HEV RNA on the surface of porcine liver.
Der klinische Versorgungspfad zur multiprofessionellen Versorgung seltener Erkrankungen in der Pädiatrie – Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt TRANSLATE-NAMSE
Authors: Choukair Daniela , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae , Berner Reinhard , Grasemann Corinna , Hiort Olaf , Hauck Fabian , Klein Christoph , Druschke Diana , Hoffmann Georg F. , Burgard Peter 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seltene Erkrankungen (SE) manifestieren sich ganz überwiegend im Kindes- und Jugendalter, sind heterogen, multisystemisch, haben meist einen chronischen Verlauf und stellen eine große Herausforderung für alle Beteiligten dar. Finanziert durch den Innovationsfonds des G‑BA hatte das Versorgungsprojekt TRANSLATE-NAMSE das Ziel, Vorschläge zur besseren Versorgung von Menschen mit SE zu entwickeln und zu erproben.

Fragestellung
Für Patienten aller Altersgruppen mit einer Verdachtsdiagnose aus einer von 5 Gruppen definierter Indikatorerkrankungen (seltene Anämien, Endokrinopathien, Autoinflammationserkrankungen, primäre Immundefekte und Stoffwechselerkrankungen) sollte ein generischer Versorgungspfad entwickelt werden, der den Weg von der Konfirmationsdiagnostik bis hin zur Langzeitbetreuung dieser Patienten abbildet.

Methodik
Der Versorgungspfad wurde als allgemeines Ablaufschema dargelegt; die Prozessschritte wurden in eine Checkliste übertragen, inhaltlich ausformuliert und an 6 universitären Standorten an 587 Personen mit der Verdachtsdiagnose einer Indikatorerkrankungen erprobt.

Ergebnisse
Für 369 (62,9 %) Fälle mit der Verdachtsdiagnose einer Indikatorerkrankung konnte eine Diagnose gestellt werden, davon in 25,2 % mit innovativer genetischer Diagnostik; 104 (17,7 %) Verdachtsdiagnosen erwiesen sich als falsch-positiv; 114 (19,4 %) Fälle blieben ungeklärt. An Fallkonferenzen zur multiprofessionellen Versorgung nahmen im Median 4 Spezialisten teil. Die Versorgung (Diagnoseeröffnung, Schulung, Beratung, Information) begann im Median am Tag des Diagnostikergebnisses. In einer externen Evaluation erwies sich die Zufriedenheit der Sorgeberechtigten mit dem Versorgungspfad als hoch.

Schlussfolgerungen
Im bisher in Deutschland einzigartigen TRANSLATE-NAMSE-Projekt wurde ein Versorgungspfad für SE in der Pädiatrie entwickelt und erfolgreich erprobt. Zur Verstetigung dieser Versorgungsform ist eine auskömmliche Finanzierung in der Regelversorgung anzustreben.
Entrepreneurship and geography—some thoughts about a complex relationship
Authors: Sternberg Rolf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis review article sheds a light on the complex and hitherto under-researched relationship between geography and entrepreneurship. This relationship is considered to be interdependent. Both directions are discussed. The paper also describes the perspectives of both academic disciplines involved in regional entrepreneurship research, namely (geographically sensitive) economics and management studies on the one hand, and economic geography on the other. Based on a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on regional entrepreneurship, several research gaps are identified that could be helpful for designing future research. Some have strong relevance for government policy, which has recently paid much more attention to entrepreneurship than in the past (e.g. related to the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach), but which rather rarely has been considered in academic evaluations so far. This paper ends with a suggestion for an agenda for future regional entrepreneurship research. Digital transformation with its potential for a disruptive transformation of economies and societies will provide an excellent and, of course, a currently not well-understood research field for regional entrepreneurship research.
Unexpected spotlight on two unusual substances
Authors: Zwirner Johann , Dreßler Jan , Gradistanac Tanja , Möbius Dustin , Edler Carolin , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a rare and unexpected condition, which is commonly related to drug ingestion and viral infections. Here, two ALF fatalities are presented, which showed a rapid progression between the onset of symptoms and death. Both cases gained attention as unusual substances were suspected to be the reason for the fatal ALF, namely the prescription-free natural remedy Iberogast® (Bayer Vital GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany) and freely available energy drinks. Autopsy findings revealed that the fatal ALFs were unrelated to the ingestion of these two substances.
Tensor Hierarchy Algebra Extensions of Over-Extended Kac–Moody Algebras
Authors: Cederwall Martin , Palmkvist Jakob 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTensor hierarchy algebras are infinite-dimensional generalisations of Cartan-type Lie superalgebras. They are not contragredient, exhibiting an asymmetry between positive and negative levels. These superalgebras have been a focus of attention due to the fundamental rôle they play for extended geometry. In the present paper, we examine tensor hierarchy algebras which are super-extensions of over-extended (often, hyperbolic) Kac–Moody algebras. They contain novel algebraic structures. Of particular interest is the extension of a over-extended algebra by its fundamental module, an extension that contains and generalises the extension of an affine Kac–Moody algebra by a Virasoro derivation $$L_1$$

L
1

. A conjecture about the complete superalgebra is formulated, relating it to the corresponding Borcherds superalgebra.