bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental drivers of golden tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) commercial landings and catch‐per‐unit‐effort
Authors: Nesslage Geneviève , Lyubchich Vyacheslav , Nitschke Paul , Williams Erik , Grimes Churchill , Wiedenmann John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe explored a range of potential low and high‐frequency environmental drivers of fishery production (landings) and catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) for northern and southern stocks of golden tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), a stenothermic species that prefers a narrow band of habitat along the continental shelf and upper slope of the eastern US. Random forest regression, a machine learning technique, was used to examine the impact of numerous and sometimes correlated environmental covariates. We used important random forest covariates to inform construction of a more parsimonious generalized additive mixed model for each data type and stock. We identified several potential environmental drivers of golden tilefish fishery and stock dynamics, including low‐frequency climate indices, oceanographic currents, and high‐frequency oceanographic conditions. Both Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and North Atlantic Oscillation indices were associated with historical golden tilefish landings for the northern stock spanning 1915–2000 at lags of 7 and 3–4 years, respectively. CPUE for both stocks (north: 1995–2017, south: 1994–2018) was associated with the AMO and oceanographic currents. In addition, northern stock CPUE was negatively related to Labrador Current flow and positively related to northerly position of the Gulf Stream. Southern stock CPUE was associated with seasonal Florida Current transport, monthly sea surface temperatures, and latitude. Oceanographic currents and water temperature primarily influenced within‐year CPUE, indicating a potential effect on adult fish or fisher behavior. In contrast, low‐frequency climate indices were associated with CPUE and landings at lags of 3–7 years, indicating their primary impact was on recruitment strength.
Development and validation of time‐domain 1H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks
Authors: Maitra Shraddha , Dien Bruce , Long Stephen P. , Singh Vijay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe bioenergy crops such as energycane, miscanthus, and sorghum are being genetically modified using state of the art synthetic biotechnology techniques to accumulate energy‐rich molecules such as triacylglycerides (TAGs) in their vegetative cells to enhance their utility for biofuel production. During the initial genetic developmental phase, many hundreds of transgenic phenotypes are produced. The efficiency of the production pipeline requires early and minimally destructive determination of oil content in individuals. Current screening methods require time‐intensive sample preparation and extraction with chemical solvents for each plant tissue. A rapid screen will also be needed for developing industrial extraction as these crops become available. In the present study, we have devised a proton relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) method for single‐step, non‐invasive, and chemical‐free characterization of in‐situ lipids in untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The systematic evaluation of NMR relaxation time distribution provided insight into the proton environment associated with the lipids in the biomass. It resolved two distinct lipid‐associated subpopulations of proton nuclei that characterize total in‐situ lipids into bound and free oil based on their “molecular tumbling” rate. The T1T2 correlation spectra also facilitated the resolution of the influence of various pretreatment procedures on the chemical composition of molecular and local 1H population in each sample. Furthermore, we show that hydrothermally pretreated biomass is suitable for direct NMR analysis unlike dilute acid and alkaline pretreated biomass which needs an additional step for neutralization.
Effect of individuals' forecast for their children's economic environment and satisfaction with their relationships with children on their mortality
Authors: Moon Jong Youn , Lee Joo‐Young , Kim Jae‐Hyun 
Published: May 2021

AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate if the risk of mortality among the elderly Korean individuals is associated with any of the two intergenerational variables: participants' forecast for their children's economic environment (FCEE) and participants' satisfaction with their relationship with their children (SRC).MethodsData from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) conducted between 2006 and 2016 were examined. In total, 9937 individuals were included at baseline. The FCEE and SRC were measured using an 11‐point Likert scale, which were stratified into four levels: “negative” (0–2), “Moderately negative” (3–5), “moderately positive” (6–8) and “positive” (9, 10).ResultsThe Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios of all‐cause mortality across different levels of FCEE and SRC while adjusting for other bio‐psycho‐social variables. Post‐hoc subgroup analyses were conducted to examine how potential confounders contribute to the associations found in our study. Multivariate analyses showed that individuals with more negative FCEE were associated with a greater risk of all‐cause mortality. Compared with the “positive” FCEE group, the “negative” group showed a 30.6% increase risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.306, 95% confidence interval = 1.066–1.601, P = 0.010).ConclusionThe SRC did not exhibit any significant association with the all‐cause mortality per multivariate analyses. More negative FCEE was associated with greater all‐cause mortality. The FCEE, an individual's appraisal of the financial climate of their children's generation, may be considered a novel correlate of the all‐cause mortality in an elderly population. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 568–576.
Groundwater Quality in the Yucatan Peninsula: Insights from Stable Isotope and Metals Analysis
Authors: Arcega‐Cabrera F. , Sickman J. O. , Fargher L. , Herrera‐Silveira J. , Lucero D. , Oceguera‐Vargas I. , Lamas‐Cosío E. , Robledo‐Ardila P. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh surface water‐groundwater connectivity characterizes watersheds underlain by karsts, increasing contaminant transport risks. However, karsts are highly complex, making research necessary to understand the transport of contaminants from the surface, through the aquifer, to discharge areas. In Yucatan, the lack of waste water treatment raises the risk of groundwater contamination. We monitored stable isotopes (δ18O‐NO3 and δ15N‐NO3), cadmium, and lead to document waste water contamination and transport during the rainy and dry seasons, using water samples collected along the Ring of Cenotes during each season. Specific conductance and pH showed no consistent seasonality, with conductance ranging from 0.5 to 55 mS/cm and pH ranging from 6.6 to 8.6 for most samples. Nitrate concentrations in the cenotes averaged 205 ± 260 μM and no seasonal pattern was observed. Cd and Pb concentrations were 0.1 to 37.9 μg/L and 0.2 to 243.2 μg/L, respectively. Nitrate stable isotope values were 2.6 to 27.2‰ for δ18O and 1.2 to 20.7‰ for δ15N. The statistical relationship between δ15N and δ18O, in dry season samples, indicated that denitrification was occurring. A scale measure for waste water recognition showed: (1) high variability among sites probably related with dry/rainy seasons and/or diverse anthropogenic activities; and (2) specific water quality variables that contribute to contamination at each site during each season. Importantly, our analyses indicate that in the area surrounding the Ring of Cenotes, waste water exhibits spatial and temporal patterns related to complex transport and dilution processes, as is the case in karsts in general.
Patient representatives: Crucial members of health‐care working groups facing an uncertain role and conflicting expectations. A qualitative study
Authors: Hult Anna , Lundgren Ewa , Jangland Eva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient representatives (PRs) have been involved for decades in health‐care development, and their participation is increasingly sought in health‐care working groups (HCWGs) on every level. However, information on how the role could be further developed and teamwork improved remains sparse.ObjectiveTo explore the role of patient representatives in clinical practice guideline (CPG) monitoring groups, to describe their contributions and identify possibilities of improvement.DesignQualitative design using semi‐structured interviews analysed by content analysis.Setting and participantsInterviews were conducted with 11 PRs, 13 registered nurses, and 9 physicians, all members of national committees monitoring CPGs for cancer in Sweden.ResultsMost participants considered the PR role important but mentioned several problems. PRs’ contributions were hampered by uncertainties about their role, the low expectations of other group members and their sense that their contributions were often disregarded. Some professionals questioned whether PRs were truly representative and said some topics could not be discussed with PRs present.ConclusionThis study highlights the fundamental problems that remain to be solved despite the long involvement of PRs in HCWGs. Even though the PR role and teamwork differed between the groups, most PRs need to be empowered to be actively involved in the teamwork and have their engagement and knowledge fully utilized. Enhancing teamwork through clarifying roles and expectations could lead to more inclusive and equal teams able to work more effectively towards the goal of improving health care.Patient or public contributionPRs were information givers in data collection.
A qualitative evaluation of coproduction of research: ‘If you do it properly, you will get turbulence’
Authors: Worsley Joanne Deborah , McKeown Mick , Wilson Timothy , Corcoran Rhiannon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients and public members are increasingly involved across the different stages of the research process. Their involvement is particularly important in the conception and design of applied health research where it enables people with lived experience to influence the aims, content, focus and methods.ObjectiveTo evaluate the process of coproducing a mental health–related research proposal suitable for funding through a national health research funding body.MethodsReflections from members of the public (n = 3) and academic researchers (n = 3) were collected through semi‐structured interviews. Data were thematically analysed.ResultsThematic analysis identified five overarching themes: valuing the lived experience perspective; matching ambitions to the funded research process; ‘Us and them’: power, relationships and trust; challenges; and benefits of coproduction.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that for successful coproduction of a research funding application, an open and trusting atmosphere, where equal relationships are established and a shared common goal agreed is essential. Although relationships with research professionals were framed by trust and mutual respect for some public advisors, others felt a sense of ‘us and them’. With various tensions played out through interpersonal conflict, difficult conversations and disagreements, coproduction was not a positive experience for all stakeholders involved. Among the learning was that when collaboration of this kind is constrained by time or funding, genuine, impactful coproduction can be more challenging than is generally acknowledged.
Continental flood basalt magmatism contemporaneous with Deccan traps in the Mannar basin, offshore Sri Lanka
Authors: Premarathne Upul , Ranaweera Lalindra V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Gulf of Mannar and adjoining Cauvery basin to the north between India and Sri Lanka are associated with a failed rift, which initiated during the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous as a precursor to the breakup of East Gondwana. Despite the occurrence of igneous rocks that can be noted in seismic profiles, offshore, and deep seated occurrence of those have lead only to the limited understanding of igneous activity in the Mannar basin. Rock cuttings recovered in the Barracuda exploratory well in the Mannar basin shows approximately 700 m thick basalt rock sequence interlayered with sediments at a depth of 3500–4200 m below mean sea level. Here, we analyzed samples recovered from the Barracuda well for major and trace element composition. Major and trace element data suggest that the basalts were crystallized from two different degrees of partial melts from a similar source. Chondrite normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns indicate that the basalts are similar to continental flood basalt, though they show a distinct Ba positive anomaly. Importantly, supported with previously available K–Ar data, we decipher that these basalts are contemporaneous with the Deccan traps. Rifting between Seychelles and India which had occurred at ~62 Ma approximately 3.5 Ma after the main Deccan eruption is synchronous with the Barracuda volcanism suggesting coeval rifting between Seychelles–India and India–Sri Lanka. Thus, our data suggest simultaneous rifting between Seychelles–India and India–Sri Lanka. Large plate reorganizations that took place during this time period in the Indian Ocean have likely caused consequent passive rifting in the Mannar basin.
Perceived quality of life among oral health therapy and dental students: A cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Mah Enriq Xing Yao , Neo Aaron Shi Kai , Leong Amanda Wei Ting 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study examined the perceived quality of life (QOL) of Oral Health Therapy (OHT) students and compared the domain differences between Dental students, gender, and year‐of‐study.MethodsOHT students from a local polytechnic were invited to participate (IRB no. (SHS‐2019–001). Perceived QOL was assessed with the multidimensional World Health Organization QOL (WHOQOL)‐BREF instrument. Demographic information and WHOQOL‐BREF responses were collected electronically. Raw scores were converted to transformed scores and related to data of Dental students from other countries. Statistical analyses were performed with a T‐test, one‐way ANOVA/posthoc Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05).ResultsOf the total cohort of 66 students, 65 consented to participation (98.5% response rate). The study sample (mean age 19.2 ± 2.9 years) comprised of 83.1% females (54/65). Mean domain scores were as follows: Physical health – 54.90 ± 9.78; psychological – 50.98 ± 17.36; social relationships – 60.69 ± 16.47; and environment – 66.80 ± 13.66. The psychological domain was rated the lowest as with most other studies on Dental students. Mean scores for the overall perception of QOL and “satisfaction with health” (SWH) were 3.46 ± 0.83 and 3.35 ± 0.89 respectively. No significant difference in the domain and overall QOL/SWH scores were observed between genders. Psychological and environmental domains scores were significantly different between the first and third‐year students (p ≤ 0.02). Correlations coefficients between the QOL domains ranged from rs = 0.18–0.66.ConclusionAside from the USA and Saudi Arabia, the perceived QOL of Asian OHT students was generally comparable to those of Dental students from other countries. Overall perceived QOL and satisfaction with health were moderately favourable.
Aiding clinical assessment of neonatal sepsis using hematological analyzer data with machine learning techniques
Authors: Huang Brian , Wang Robin , Masino Aaron J. , Obstfeld Amrom E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionEarly diagnosis and antibiotic administration are essential for reducing sepsis morbidity and mortality; however, diagnosis remains difficult due to complex pathogenesis and presentation. We created a machine learning model for bacterial sepsis identification in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using hematological analyzer data.MethodsHematological analyzer data were gathered from NICU patients up to 48 hours prior to clinical evaluation for bacterial sepsis. Five models, Support Vector Machine, K‐nearest‐neighbors, Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient boosting (XGBoost), were trained on 60 hematological and nine clinical variables for 2357 cases (1692 control, 665 septic). Clinical feature only models (nine variables) were additionally trained and compared with models including hematological variables. Feature importance was used to assess relative contributions of parameters to performance.ResultsThe three best performing models were RF, Logistic Regression, and XGBoost. RF achieved an average accuracy of 0.74, AUC‐ROC of 0.73, Sensitivity of 0.38, and Specificity of 0.88. Logistic Regression achieved an average accuracy of 0.70, AUC‐ROC of 0.74, Sensitivity of 0.62, and Specificity of 0.73. XGBoost achieved an average accuracy of 0.72, AUC‐ROC of 0.71, Sensitivity of 0.40, and Specificity of 0.85. All models with hematological variables had significantly stronger performance than models trained on only clinical features. Neutrophil parameters had the highest average feature importance.ConclusionsMachine learning models using hematological analyzer data can classify NICU patients as sepsis positive or negative with stronger performance compared to clinical feature only models. Hematological analyzer variables could augment current sepsis classification machine learning algorithms.
The role of high‐density lipoprotein in the regulation of the immune response: implications for atherosclerosis and autoimmunity
Authors: Fernandes das Neves Marisa , Batuca Joana R. , Delgado Alves José 
Published: May 2021

SummaryInflammation and immune dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as crucial mechanisms in atherogenesis. Modifications in cell lipid metabolism, plasma dyslipidaemia and particularly low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels occur both in atherosclerosis and in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (which are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis), suggesting the presence of a crucial link. HDL, the plasma lipoprotein responsible for reverse cholesterol transport, is known for its several protective effects in the context of atherosclerosis. Among these, HDL immunomodulatory effects are possibly the less understood. Through the efflux of cholesterol from plasma cell membranes with the consequent disruption of lipid rafts and the interaction with the cholesterol transporters present in the plasma membrane, HDL affects both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal and human studies have demonstrated a predominance of HDL anti‐inflammatory effects, despite some pro‐inflammatory actions having also been reported. The HDL role on the modulation of the immune response is further suggested by the detection of low levels together with a dysfunctional HDL in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the modulatory effects HDL may have on them.
Transcriptome sequencing revealed the molecular mechanism of response of pearl millet root to heat stress
Authors: Sun Min , Lin Chuang , Zhang Ailing , Wang Xiaoshan , Yan Haidong , Khan Imran , Wu Bingchao , Feng Guangyan , Nie Gang , Zhang Xinquan , Huang Linkai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh temperature is an environmental factor that affects plant growth and productivity. It is very important to study the changes in plant roots under heat stress (HS) to discover key heat response genes and improve the heat tolerance of plants. Pearl millet is utilized for food, livestock feed and bioenergy materials and is highly tolerant to HS. However, research on the response mechanism of pearl millet roots to HS is limited. In this study, we performed physiological index determination and RNA‐seq on the roots of pearl millet under HS (40/35°C) at 1, 3 and 7 hr. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 hr was the highest (8,479), followed by 1 hr (6,250) and 7 hr (5,167). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of DEGs revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trehalose synthesis pathways were the major responsive pathways after 1 and 3 hr of HS. This study revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of root response to high temperature stress in pearl millet and provided useful information for identifying heat‐resistant genes and breeding heat‐resistant plants.
Superior vena cava isolation with 50 W high power, short duration ablation strategy
Authors: Kusa Shigeki , Hachiya Hitoshi , Sato Yoshikazu , Hara Satoshi , Ohya Hiroaki , Miwa Naoyuki , Yamao Kazuya , Iesaka Yoshito , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe optimal ablation strategy is unknown regarding a superior vena cava isolation (SVCI). This study aimed to examine the feasibility and safety and to analyze the lesion characteristics of the SVCI using high‐power, short‐duration (HPSD) ablation.Methods and ResultsA total of 100 patients underwent an index SVCI using HPSD (n = 50, HPSD group) or conventional lower‐power and longer‐duration (n = 50, LPLD group) ablation, using the Thermocool Smarttouch SF. In the HPSD group, ablation was performed with a power of 50 W for 7 s, and was limited to 4 s at the lateral segment close to the right phrenic nerve. The ablation setting used in the LPLD group was 20–25 W for 20–30 s and was limited to 10–20 W for 15–30 s at the lateral segment when diaphragmatic capture was seen. An electrical SVCI was achieved in all patients. The HPSD group required a significantly shorter procedure time (10.8 ± 3.2 vs. 14.8 ± 6.4 min;p < .01), shorter radiofrequency duration (49 ± 16 vs. 282 ± 124 s;p < .01), fewer lesions (8.3 ± 2.5 vs. 10.4 ± 4.4;p < .01), and lower ablation index (316 ± 38 vs. 356 ± 62;p < .001) than the LPLD group. The incidence of a postprocedural asymptomatic mild diaphragmatic elevation was comparable (2% in the HPSD group vs. 6% in the LPLD group;p = .61).ConclusionThe 50‐W HPSD ablation strategy allowed for a successful, fast, and safe SVCI with the fewer ablation lesions and the lower ablation index.
Pathological mechanism of chondrocytes and the surrounding environment during osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Li Baochao , Guan Guangzhao , Mei Li , Jiao Kai , Li Huang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative disease of the TMJ. In order to explore its aetiology and pathological mechanism, many animal models and cell models have been constructed to simulate the pathological process of TMJ osteoarthritis. The main pathological features of TMJ osteoarthritis include chondrocyte death, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and subchondral bone remodelling. Chondrocyte apoptosis accelerates the destruction of cartilage. However, autophagy has a protective effect on condylar chondrocytes. Degradation of ECM not only changes the properties of cartilage but also affects the phenotype of chondrocytes. The loss of subchondral bone in the early stages of TMJ osteoarthritis plays an aetiological role in the onset of osteoarthritis. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral angiogenesis promote TMJ osteoarthritis. Hypertrophic chondrocytes secrete many factors that promote cartilage degeneration. These chondrocytes can further differentiate into osteoblasts and osteocytes and accelerate cartilage ossification. Intrachondral angiogenesis and neoneurogenesis are considered to be important triggers of arthralgia in TMJ osteoarthritis. Many molecular signalling pathways in endochondral osteogenesis are responsible for TMJ osteoarthritis. These latest discoveries in TMJ osteoarthritis have further enhanced the understanding of this disease and contributed to the development of molecular therapies. This paper summarizes recent cognition on the pathogenesis of TMJ osteoarthritis, focusing on the role of chondrocyte hypertrophy degeneration and cartilage angiogenesis.