bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural fertilization with poultry manure results in persistent environmental contamination with the pathogen Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Frentrup Martinique , Thiel Nadine , Junker Vera , Behrens Wiebke , Münch Steffen , Siller Paul , Kabelitz Tina , Faust Matthias , Indra Alexander , Baumgartner Stefanie , Schepanski Kerstin , Amon Thomas , Roesler Uwe , Funk Roger , Nübel Ulrich 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDuring a field experiment applying broiler manure for fertilization of agricultural land, we detected viable Clostridioides (also known as Clostridium) difficile in broiler faeces, manure, dust and fertilized soil. A large diversity of toxigenic C. difficile isolates was recovered, including PCR ribotypes common from human disease. Genomic relatedness of C. difficile isolates from dust and from soil, recovered more than 2 years after fertilization, traced their origins to the specific chicken farm that had delivered the manure. We present evidence of long‐term contamination of agricultural soil with manure‐derived C. difficile and demonstrate the potential for airborne dispersal of C. difficile through dust emissions during manure application. Clostridioides genome sequences virtually identical to those from manure had been recovered from chicken meat and from human infections in previous studies, suggesting broiler‐associated C. difficile are capable of zoonotic transmission.
Validation analysis of a composite real‐world mortality endpoint for patients with cancer in the United States
Authors: Zhang Qianyi , Gossai Anala , Monroe Shirley , Nussbaum Nathan C. , Parrinello Christina M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe expanded the previous assessment of a mortality variable suited for real‐world evidence‐focused oncology research.Data sourceWe used a nationwide electronic health record (EHR)‐derived de‐identified database.Data collectionWe included patients with at least 1 of 18 cancer types between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Patient‐level structured data (EHRs, obituaries, and Social Security Death Index) and unstructured EHR data (abstracted) were linked to generate a composite mortality variable.Study designWe benchmarked sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and ±15‐day agreement against the National Death Index (NDI). Real‐world overall survival (rwOS) was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. We performed sensitivity analyses using a smaller patient cohort that underwent next‐generation sequencing testing.Principal findingsCompared with the NDI across 18 cancer types (overall N = 160 436): sensitivity, 83.9%‐91.5% (17/18 cancer types had sensitivity ≥85.0%); specificity, 93.5%‐99.7%; PPV, 96.3%‐98.3%; NPV, 75.0%‐98.7%; ±15‐day agreement, 95.6%‐97.6%; and median rwOS estimates ranging from 2.8% to 12.7% greater. Sensitivity analysis results (n = 17 540) were consistent with the main analysis.ConclusionsAcross all cancer types analyzed, this composite mortality variable showed high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and ±15‐day agreement, and yielded median rwOS values modestly overestimated when compared to NDI‐based results.
Career management for UK food degree students at multiple institutes using an industry‐developed professional competencies framework
Authors: Weston Emma J E , Millman Caroline , Setarehnejad Anita , Bennett Emma J , Oruna‐Concha Maria Jose 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecruitment of food science and technology graduates remains a priority for the UK food industry in the wake of skills shortages. As a result of the contemporary pressures faced by the food industry, it is essential that students applying for such roles are aware of and ready for management, leadership, and relevant professional competencies. This collaborative study uses the industry‐informed established framework, namely, Competencies for Food Graduate Careers (CFGC) and assesses the integration of this resource into careers education for food‐related programs of four higher education institutions: Cardiff Metropolitan University, Sheffield Hallam University, University of Nottingham and University of Reading. Mixed method analysis was conducted with students prior to and on conclusion of the teaching sessions, including surveys and focus groups. Students confirmed that CFGC was informative and useful for preparing them for a graduate career in food science and technology. No single method of integration of CFGC was proposed; instead, intervention can be undertaken by a variety of approaches, suitable for the level of study and Institutional operation as outlined in the study.
Prevention of infective complications in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic literature review for the APLAR consensus statements
Authors: Oku Kenji , Hamijoyo Laniyati , Kasitanon Nuntana , Li Meng Tao , Navarra Sandra , Morand Eric , Tanaka Yoshiya , Mok Chi Chiu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a more common autoimmune rheumatic disease in the Asia‐Pacific region. The prognosis of SLE remains unsatisfactory in some Asian countries because of delayed diagnosis, limited access to medications, increased complications and issues of tolerability and adherence to treatment. The Asia‐Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology SLE special interest group has recently published a set of consensus recommendations on the management of SLE for specialists, family physicians, specialty nurses, and other healthcare professionals in the Asia‐Pacific region. This article reports a systematic literature review of the infective complications of SLE in Asia and evidence for prevention of these infections by pre‐emptive antimicrobial therapy and vaccination.
Methadone and buprenorphine treatment in United States jails and prisons: lessons from early adopters
Authors: Bandara Sachini , Kennedy‐Hendricks Alene , Merritt Sydney , Barry Colleen L. , Saloner Brendan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify implementation barriers and facilitators to the adoption and implementation of programs that provide opioid agonist treatments (OAT) with methadone and buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder in jails and prisons in the United States.DesignQualitative analysis: semi‐structured interviews were conducted and thematic analyses of transcripts and notes were performed using a hybrid inductive/deductive coding approach.SettingJails and prisons in the United States.ParticipantsFrom August 2019 to January 2020, we conducted 20 key informant interviews with 35 individuals representing 19 carceral systems that both initiate and maintain OAT.MeasurementsInterviews covered four domains: (1) program adoption; (2) policy influence on implementation; (3) program structure; and (4) program outcomes.FindingsStigma among staff, particularly medical staff, challenged program adoption, but reduced over time as staff were exposed to the program. Regulations on OAT dispensation, such as licensing requirements and prescribing limits, were key challenges to program implementation and shaped program structure. Dispensing medication required significant staff, time and space. Facilities were further challenged to overcome stigma and concerns about diversion, as OAT medication is often treated as contraband in carceral settings. Some systems deviated from evidence‐based treatment by limiting OAT dosage to low levels, requiring counseling for participation and requiring detoxification before medication initiation. Despite these challenges, early adopters felt strongly that other jails and prisons in the United States should provide OAT and that legislation and litigation may soon force OAT expansion in these carceral settings.ConclusionsDespite identifying regulatory and logistical challenges, early adopters of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) programs in US jails and prisons demonstrate that OAT programs can successfully be implemented in carceral settings with tailoring to the specific context.
What's hot and what's not – Identifying publication trends in insect ecology
Authors: Andrew Nigel R. , Evans Maldwyn J. , Svejcar Lauren , Prendegast Kit , Mata Luis , Gibb Heloise , Stone Marisa J. , Barton Philip S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch disciplines in science have historically developed in silos but are increasingly multidisciplinary. Here, we assessed how the insect ecology literature published in ecological and entomological journals has developed over the last 20 years and which topics have crossed discipline boundaries. We used structural topic modelling to assess research trends from 34 304 articles published in six ecology journals and six entomology journals between 2000 and 2020. We then identified and compared topics that emerged from the entire body of literature, or corpus, with topics that emerged from a subsection of articles that focused only on insects (insect corpus). We found that, within the entire corpus, topics on ‘Community ecology’, ‘Traits, life history & physiology’ and ‘Ecological methods & theory’ became more prevalent over time (hot topics), whereas ‘Population modelling’, ‘Insect development’, ‘Reproduction & ontogeny’ and ‘Plant growth’ declined in prevalence over the 20 years we surveyed (cold topics). In the insect corpus, we found that hot topics included ‘Thermal tolerance’ and ‘Disease vectors’, whereas cold topics included ‘Herbivore phenology’, ‘Insect‐plant interactions’ and ‘Parasitoids and parasites’. ‘Landscape ecology’ was a growth topic area for both corpora. Our findings suggest that insect‐related research is a major component of the broader ecological discipline, and there are topics in ecology where insect research aligns with general ecological trends. However, specific topics unique to the insect corpora – such as insect taxonomy – are fundamental to both insect and ecology research.
Inspire but don't interfere: Managerial influence as a double‐edged sword for innovation
Authors: Gerpott Fabiola H. , Bledow Ronald , Kühnel Jana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractManagers play a pivotal role in the innovation process; yet, the mechanisms through which managers enhance or undermine innovation are not well understood. Drawing upon self‐concordance theory, we argue that managers can augment employees' self‐concordance—defined as the congruence of goals and actions with inner values and preferences—through transformational behavior and thereby contribute to innovation. However, transformational behavior is closely coupled to another form of influence, namely, process management, the attempt to directly manage innovation‐related activities. This form of managerial influence reduces employees' self‐concordance and thereby undermines innovation. We test our conceptual model in a sample of 188 innovation projects using a contextualized method that asked employees to assess their self‐concordance and their managers' behavior during each project. Managers evaluated for each project the innovativeness of the outcome. Multilevel path‐analysis provided support for our hypotheses. We discuss future research implications to disentangle innovation‐facilitating and innovation‐undermining facets of managerial influence.
The relationship between organizational trust, resistance to change and adaptive and proactive employees' agility in an unplanned and planned change context
Authors: Doeze Jager Sandra B. , Born Marise Ph. , van der Molen Henk T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModern organizations need to adapt quickly to on‐going changes. The present study sought to examine employees' agility during periods of sudden, unplanned, and during periods of planned change. It was investigated to what extent one's trust in the organization and resistance to change could predict proactive agility and adaptive agility. Data came from employees (N = 188) in two different organizations, one undergoing an unplanned change and one undergoing a planned change. In both contexts, organizational trust had a negative relationship with resistance to change. In an unplanned change context (organization one), trust of employees in the organization had a positive effect on the adaptive component of agility through the (negative) mediation by affective resistance to change. In this context, trust did not have any (mediated) effect on the proactive component of agility. In contrast, in a planned change context (organization two), trust had a positive effect on the proactive component of agility, partially through the (negative) mediation by resistance to change. In this context, trust also had a positive effect on the adaptive component of agility, partially through the (negative) mediation by resistance to change. These results imply that trust works in different ways depending on the type of change. More trust through less resistance implies better adaptation during unplanned organizational change. More trust works directly and partially through less resistance to change to enhance employee proactivity and adaptability during planned change.
Avoiding ‘selection’?—References to history in current German policy debates about non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Foth Hannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the role of historical references and arguments in the current policy debate on non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in Germany. It analyses major documents and opinion statements, including the recent parliamentary debate (2019). The implementation of NIPT is accompanied by concerns and strong criticism, particularly in Germany. Many perceive the new test to be a problematic step that facilitates selective practices and is reminiscent of eugenics. Analysis of the German policy discourse shows that ‘eugenics’, and even more strongly, ‘selection’, are pivotal terms for rejecting NIPT and its coverage by public health insurance. They touch on a historical dimension in public deliberation, namely the fundamental distancing from the inhuman practices of the National Socialist period and anything that resembles them. However, using these terms to criticize prenatal genetic testing is controversial, and recent discourse demonstrates their avoidance as well, with many supporters of a limited coverage by public health insurance contrasting their approach with more widespread screening. Here, ‘screening’ has a negative connotation, and functions to demarcate the debate in a way that may reflect distance from certain modes of historical reasoning, but still expresses a special need to reconcile prenatal testing with the principles of dignity, inclusion and diversity. This article aims to elucidate the concerns involved in the national debates on prenatal testing and to increase awareness of the historical dimensions of the language and reasoning with which such methods are negotiated today and in future.
How do changes to parental job insecurity affect children's health?
Authors: Lee Yong‐Woo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the last two decades, after the Asian financial crisis, Korea's employment composition has witnessed a rapid increase in temporary contractual work. I investigate the impact of changes in parental job status from employment with permanent contracts to that with temporary contracts on children's health using Korea Welfare Panel Study data. I find that parental job status changes to temporary contractual work from permanent contracts have a significantly negative effect on children's health. This outcome can be attributed to adverse financial shocks and a deterioration in mental health, which seem to outweigh the time reallocation effects.
Constitutive protein kinase G activation exacerbates stress‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Schwaerzer Gerburg K. , Casteel Darren E. , Cividini Federico , Kalyanaraman Hema , Zhuang Shunhui , Gu Yusu , Dalton Nancy D. , Peterson Kirk L. , Dillmann Wolfgang H. , Boss Gerry R. , Pilz Renate B. 
Published: May 2021

Background and PurposeHeart failure is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and new therapeutic targets are needed. Preclinical data suggest that pharmacological activation of protein kinase G (PKG) can reduce maladaptive ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in the stressed heart. However, clinical trial results have been mixed and the effects of long‐term PKG activation in the heart are unknown.Experimental ApproachWe characterized the cardiac phenotype of mice carrying a heterozygous knock‐in mutation of PKG1 (Prkg1R177Q/+), which causes constitutive, cGMP‐independent activation of the kinase. We examined isolated cardiac myocytes and intact mice, the latter after stress induced by surgical transaortic constriction or angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion.Key ResultsCardiac myocytes from Prkg1R177Q/+ mice showed altered phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins and reduced contractility in response to electrical stimulation, compared to cells from wild type mice. Under basal conditions, young PKG1R177Q/+ mice exhibited no obvious cardiac abnormalities, but aging animals developed mild increases in cardiac fibrosis. In response to angiotensin II infusion or fixed pressure overload induced by transaortic constriction, young PKGR177Q/+ mice exhibited excessive hypertrophic remodelling with increased fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis, leading to increased left ventricular dilation and dysfunction compared to wild type litter mates.Conclusion and ImplicationsLong‐term PKG1 activation in mice may be harmful to the heart, especially in the presence of pressure overload and neurohumoral stress.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on cGMP Signalling in Cell Growth and Survival. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.11/issuetoc
Halokinetic modulation of sedimentary thickness and architecture: A numerical modelling approach
Authors: Cumberpatch Zoë A. , Finch Emma , Kane Ian A. , Pichel Leonardo M. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Kilhams Ben A. , Hodgson David M. , Huuse Mads 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSubsurface salt flow can deform overlying strata and influence contemporaneous sedimentary systems. Studying salt‐sediment interactions is challenging in the subsurface due to poor imaging adjacent to salt, and in the field due to the dissolution of halite. Discrete Element Modelling provides an efficient and inexpensive tool to model stratigraphy and deformation around salt structures, which is advantageous over other modelling techniques as it realistically recreates brittle processes such as faulting. Six 2D experiments were run representing 4.6 Myr to determine the effect of salt growth on syn‐kinematic stratigraphy. Halokinetic deformation of stratigraphic architecture was assessed by varying sediment input rates through time. Results show the realistic formation and evolution of salt‐related faults which define a zone of halokinetic influence ca. 3 times the width of the initial diapir. Outside of this, early diapiric and syn‐kinematic stratigraphy are undeformed. Within this zone, syn‐kinematic strata are initially isolated into primary salt withdrawal basins, onlapping and thinning towards the salt‐cored high. In most models, syn‐kinematic strata eventually thin across and cover the diapir roof. Thinning rates are up to six times greater within 350 m of the diapir, compared to further afield, and typically decrease upwards (with time) and laterally (with distance) from the diapir. Outputs are compared to a subsurface example from the Pierce field, UK North Sea, which highlights the importance of considering local fluctuations in diapir rise rate. These can create stratigraphic architectures that may erroneously be interpreted to represent increases/decreases in sedimentation rate. Exposed examples, such as the Bakio diapir, northern Spain, can be used to make inferences of the expected depositional facies, below model resolution. Our models aid the prediction of sedimentary unit thickness and thinning rates and can be used to test interpretations arising from incomplete or low‐resolution subsurface and outcrop data when building geological models for subsurface energy.
Substance P‐induced lung inflammation in mice is mast cell dependent
Authors: Wang Nan , Wang Jue , Zhang Yongjing , Hu Shiling , Zhang Tianxiao , Wu Yuanyuan , Sun Xiuzhen , Zhang Tao , Yang Shuanying , He Langchong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergic asthma is a common inflammatory lung disease and a major health problem worldwide. Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in the early‐stage pathophysiology of allergic asthma. Substance P (SP) functions in neurogenic inflammation by activating MCs, and therefore, it may to participate in the occurrence and development of asthma.ObjectiveWe examined the relationship between SP and lung inflammation, and also whether SP can directly trigger asthma.MethodsWe measured the number of peripheral blood eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils and evaluated the levels of IgE and SP in blood samples of 86 individuals with allergic asthma. Serum IgE and SP levels were also determined in 29 healthy individuals. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to different doses of SP, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to count the inflammatory cells. Lung tissues were analysed using histopathological methods to evaluate lung peribronchial inflammation, fibrosis and glycogen deposition. Levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐17 and IFN‐γ were determined in mouse serum.ResultsSubstance P levels were increased in the serum samples of patients with asthma. SP induced mouse lung peribronchial inflammation, fibrosis and glycogen deposition, with high levels of Th2‐related cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 observed in the BALF. Furthermore, low level of total IgE was noted in the serum, and SP had little effect on MC‐deficient kitW‐sh/W‐sh mice.Conclusions & clinical relevanceSubstance P levels increased significantly in serum of asthmatic patients and independently associated with the risk of asthma. Furthermore, SP induced Th2 lung inflammation in mice, which was dependent on MCs.
The prevalence of anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Chang Sheng-Hui , Wang Jing , Zhang Xu , Zhao Ning , Jia Kun , Yi Ming , Zhang Qiu-Xia , Zhai Hui , Li Xiao-Wen , Yang Chun-Sheng , Yang Li , Zhang Lin-Jie 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Anti-neurofascin-155 (NF155) antibodies have been observed in two cases with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). This study investigated the prevalence of anti-NF155 antibodies in patients with NMOSD and the clinical features of anti-NF155 antibody-positive patients. Sera from 129 patients with NMOSD were screened with anti-NF155 antibodies by cell-based assay (CBA) and re-examined using immunostaining of teased mouse sciatic nerve fibres. Fifty-six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 50 healthy controls (HC) were also enrolled for detecting anti-NF155 antibodies. A total of 12.40% (16 of 129) of patients with NMOSD were positive for anti-NF155 antibodies confirmed by both CBA and immunostaining. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 was the predominant subclass. However, none of 56 MS patients or 50 HC were positive for anti-NF155 antibodies. Anti-NF155 antibody-positive NMOSD patients had a higher proportion of co-existing with autoimmune diseases (p &lt; 0.001) and higher positive rates of serum non-organ-specific autoantibodies, including anti-SSA antibodies (p &lt; 0.001), anti-SSB antibodies (p = 0.008), anti-Ro-52 antibodies (p &lt; 0.001) and rheumatoid factor (p &lt; 0.001). Five anti-NF155 antibody-positive NMOSD patients who took part in the nerve conduction study showed mildly abnormal results. Differences in some nerve conduction study parameters were observed between anti-NF155 antibody-positive and negative patients. Anti-NF155 antibodies occurred in a small proportion of NMOSD patients. Anti-NF155 antibody-positive NMOSD patients tended to co-exist with autoimmune diseases.