bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetohydrodynamic effect of internal transport barrier on EAST tokamak
Authors: CHU Yuqi , LIU Haiqing , ZHANG Shoubiao , XU Liqing , LI Erzhong , JIE Yinxian , LIAN Hui , ZHOU Tianfu , FENG Xi , ZHANG Xuexi , WANG Yunfei , ZHU Xiang , WU Chenbin , WANG Shouxin , YANG Yao , HANADA K , LYU Bo , LI Yingying , ZANG Qing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An internal transport barrier (ITB) can be formed on EAST in exploring high-parameter operation. Previous studies show that safety factor (q) profiles, Shafranov shift and magnetohydrodynamic behaviors could be helpful in ITB formation by suppressing anomalous transport. Recently, electron density evolution with high resolution demonstrates that fishbone could be dominant in electron density ITB formation and sustainment. The power threshold is low in the fishbone condition and the electron density profile is determined by traits of fishbone. Simulation shows that the low-k ion mode is suppressed by fishbone. Direct measurement of turbulence in the inner region shows that the internal kink mode could sustain an electron temperature ITB by suppressing the trapped electron mode. The multi-scale interaction between the kink mode and turbulence by current could be key in sustaining high-electron-temperature long-pulse operation.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Orthostatic Hypotension: Results From the STURDY Trial
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P , Miller Edgar R , Wanigatunga Amal A , Schrack Jennifer A , Michos Erin D , Mitchell Christine M , Kalyani Rita R , Appel Lawrence J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D3 supplementation is considered a potential intervention to prevent orthostatic hypotension (OH) based on observational evidence that vitamin D levels are inversely associated with OH. With data from The Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You (STURDY), a double-blind, randomized, response-adaptive trial, we determined if higher doses of vitamin D3 reduced risk of OH.

Methods
STURDY tested the effects of higher (1,000+ IU/day, i.e., 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 IU/day combined) vs. lower-dose vitamin D3 (200 IU/day, comparison) on fall risk in adults ages 70 years and older with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, 10–29 ng/ml). OH was determined at baseline, 3, 12, and 24 months by taking the difference between seated and standing blood pressure (BP). OH was defined as a drop in systolic or diastolic BP of at least 20 or 10 mm Hg after 1 minute of standing. Participants were also asked about OH symptoms during the assessment and the preceding month.

Results
Among 688 participants (mean age 77 [SD, 5] years; 44% women; 18% Black), the mean baseline systolic/diastolic BP was 130 (19)/67 (11) mm Hg, serum 25(OH)D was 22.1 (5.1) ng/ml, and 2.8% had OH. There were 2,136 OH assessments over the maximum 2-year follow-up period. Compared with 200 IU/day, 1,000+ IU/day was not associated with seated, standing, or orthostatic BP, and it did not lower risk of OH or orthostatic symptoms.

Conclusions
These findings do not support use of higher doses of vitamin D3 supplementation as an intervention to prevent OH.

Clinical trials registration
Trial Number NCT02166333.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Workplace Factors Contributing to Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Among Nurses and Physicians During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Two US Healthcare Systems
Authors: Burstyn Igor , Holt Karyn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Anxiety and depression among physicians and nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA are not well described and their modifiable causes are poorly understood.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) among physicians and nurses in two US healthcare systems in June through September 2020; participation rate was 5–10%. We described features of work as well as their perceptions and associated concerns in relation to the risk of anxiety and depression, while controlling for health history via regression and path analyses.

Results
About a third of 684 nurses and 185 physicians surveyed showed symptoms of anxiety or depression, and the excess of symptoms of mood disorders was particularly prominent in nurses. The belief that one was infected was a dominant correlate of both anxiety and depression. This belief was more associated with history of symptoms of pneumonia than the contact with COVID-19 diagnosed patients. Factors found to be associated with reduced anxiety and depression in this working environment were having confidence in the competent use of and access to personal protective equipment, maintaining usual working hours, being surrounded by colleagues who were both sufficient in numbers and not stressed, and the support of immediate family and religious communities. Involvement in aerosol-generating procedures with infected patients was linked with lower depression in nurses but higher among physicians. Likewise, the setting of recent patient encounters affected risk of anxiety and depression differently for physicians and nurses.

Conclusions
Our findings may help develop mitigation measures and underscore the need to help nurses and physicians bear the psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic and similar events in the future.
Separation and Characterization of Novel Degradation and Process Related Impurities of Bedaquiline Bulk Drug
Authors: Vanavi Pragati J , Rajput Sadhana J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is a new drug approved by United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) in 2012 for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, which has become a major threat globally. The manuscript presents the development of three liquid chromatography (LC) based analytical methods. The first is a stability indicating RP-HPLC (reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography) method to analyze the BDQ in presence of its degradation products. Another UPLC/ESI–MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electron spray ionization–mass spectrometry) method was developed for the identification of different degradation based and process related impurities and the third, preparative HPLC method was developed for the isolation of major degradation products. Eleven degradation products and one process related impurity were identified using UPLC/ESI–MS whereas preparative HPLC was used to isolate two degradation products and their chemical structure was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance, mass and infra-red spectral data.
Accumulation of neutral lipids and carotenoids of Rhodotorula diobovata and Rhodosporidium babjevae cultivated under nitrogen-limited conditions with glycerol as a sole carbon source
Authors: Peng Tingting , Fakankun Irene , Levin David B 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
A total of two red oleaginous yeasts, Rhodotorula diobovata and Rhodosporidium babjevae, were investigated for their potential to grow on nitrogen-limited media with sufficient glycerol as carbon source and produce biomass, triacylglycerides (TAGs) and carotenoids. The two yeasts produced equal quantities of biomass by 120 h post-inoculation (h pi), but R. diobovata consumed more glycerol than R. babajavae under the same conditions. The TAG concentrations accumulated by R. diobovata and R. babjevae were greater than 20% dry cell weight (dcw), and the major fatty acid components consisted of palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid. The highest concentration of total fatty acids in biomass were present during the late of stationary phase were 486.3 mg/g dcw for R. diobovata at 120 h pi, and 243.9 mg/g dcw for R. babjevae at 144 h pi. Both R. diobovata and R. babjevae produced high concentrations of torularhodin, and low amounts of torulene and γ-carotene. Total carotenoid concentrations in R. diobovata biomass were 31.5 mg/g dcw at 120 h pi and 43.1 mg/g dcw at 96 h pi for R. babjevae. The dcw accumulations of carotenoids by R. diobovata and R. babjevae were significantly greater than those reported for other carotenogenic Rhodotorula and Rhodosporidium strains.
Plastome Structural Evolution and Homoplastic Inversions in Neo-Astragalus (Fabaceae)
Authors: Charboneau Joseph L M , Cronn Richard C , Liston Aaron , Wojciechowski Martin F , Sanderson Michael J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The plastid genomes of photosynthetic green plants have largely maintained conserved gene content and order as well as structure over hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Several plant lineages, however, have departed from this conservation and contain many plastome structural rearrangements, which have been associated with an abundance of repeated sequences both overall and near rearrangement endpoints. We sequenced the plastomes of 25 taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae), a large genus in the inverted repeat-lacking clade of legumes, to gain a greater understanding of the connection between repeats and plastome inversions. We found plastome repeat structure has a strong phylogenetic signal among these closely related taxa mostly in the New World clade of Astragalus called Neo-Astragalus. Taxa without inversions also do not differ substantially in their overall repeat structure from four taxa each with one large-scale inversion. For two taxa with inversion endpoints between the same pairs of genes, differences in their exact endpoints indicate the inversions occurred independently. Our proposed mechanism for inversion formation suggests the short inverted repeats now found near the endpoints of the four inversions may be there as a result of these inversions rather than their cause. The longer inverted repeats now near endpoints may have allowed the inversions first mediated by shorter microhomologous sequences to propagate, something that should be considered in explaining how any plastome rearrangement becomes fixed regardless of the mechanism of initial formation.
Paridad de género y representación. El caso mexicanoGender parity and representation. The Mexican case
Authors: Alterio Ana Micaela 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article will critically reflect on the jurisprudence of the Mexican Supreme Court of Justice regarding the constitutional principle of gender parity. To do so, it will rely on a theoretical reconstruction of three different foundations of the principle, based on the understanding of the political representation of women and the principle of equality. I will call these positions: “of formal equality,” “of the defense of quotas,” and “of parity,” highlighting how the arguments of the last two positions are mixed in the Mexican judgments in a disorderly and incoherent way. Finally, the article will promote an interpretation of the principle of gender parity as dynamic and therefore open to progressive contributions from the feminist political subject, avoiding both the risks of essentialism and reinforcing the binary system of sexes. This principle requires, at this historical moment, corrective, provisional, and strategic affirmative action measures to achieve substantive gender equality in political representation.
A comprehensive review of drivers influencing flu vaccine acceptance in the Middle East over the last six years: using Health Belief Model
Authors: Alalag Zahraa Adel , Al-Jumaili Ali Azeez , Al-Hamadani Fadya Yaqoob 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to review the literature covering the perceptions about influenza vaccines in the Middle East and to determine factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination using Health Belief Model (HBM).

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Three keywords were used: Influenza vaccine, perceptions and Middle East. Empirical studies that dealt with people/healthcare worker (HCW) perceptions of influenza vaccine in the Middle East and written in English were included. The search covered articles published between January 2015 and November 2020.

Key Findings
A total of 34 cross-sectional studies covering a total of 35 518 participants from 22 countries were included in this review. The overall influenza vaccination rates were generally low (&lt;50%) among general population, particularly among pregnant women and children. HCWs had relatively higher vaccination rates compared with general population. Old age, health comorbidities or working in high-risk environments were noted as major motivators to receive the vaccine. Concerns about adverse reactions and the lack of vaccine efficacy were the most predominant reported barriers to receiving the vaccines. Lastly, cues to actions included receiving advice from HCWs, influence of institutional requirement, awareness/educational pamphlets and influence from the media.

Summary
The HBM can be helpful in identifying and analysing motivators and barriers to vaccination. Additionally, by looking at the root causation, this model can help plan campaigns to increase vaccination rates in the region. Finally, we recommend empowering HCWs to proactively advocate for vaccination as part of preventive care.
Race and Colonialism in the Construction of Labour Markets and Precarity
Authors: Ashiagbor Diamond 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article explores the interconnections and continuities between racial inequalities in the contemporary labour market and the legacies of colonialism and racial distinctions woven into the evolution of market economy. It argues that race is embedded in the legal form by which labour is regulated. In its focus on the legal relations between individual subjects, namely, the contract of employment, the dominant legal form for governing work relations, the standard employment relationship, erases from view the broader social and economic structures within which the bilateral relationship exists—that is, the unpaid work of social reproduction and the colonial extraction which make paid work possible. The article identifies a number of ways in which race, racism and the legacies of colonialism are implicated in the evolution of market economy and latterly in the construction of the postwar welfare state and contemporary labour market institutions. First, in the racial capitalism of slavery. Second, in the colonial extraction and commodification of labour power from the global South for the benefit of markets in the global North. Third, in relation to migrant labour and racialised segmentation of the labour market.
Maternal and child factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in Chad: evidence from nationally representative cross-sectional data
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Budu Eugene , Mohammed Aliu , Adu Collins , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Kissah-Korsah Kwaku , Adoboi Faustina , Yaya Sanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) is an inexpensive practice but has a substantial potential to reduce neonatal morbidity. Therefore, this study investigated the maternal and child-related factors associated with EIB and makes recommendations that could help improve the practice in Chad.MethodsWe used data from the children's recode file of the 2014–2015 Chad Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 3991 women ages 15–49 y who had last-born children in the 2 y preceding the survey were included in our study. The outcome variable for the study was EIB. Both descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential (binary logistic regression) analyses were carried out. All results of the binary logistic analyses are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe found the prevalence of EIB in Chad to be 23.8%. In terms of maternal factors, the likelihood of EIB was high among non-working women (aOR 1.37 [95% CI 1.18 to 1.59]), the richest wealth quintile women (aOR 1.37 [95% CI 1.04 to 1.79]) and non-media-exposed women (aOR 1.58 [95% CI 1.24 to 2.02]) compared with working women, the poorest wealth quintile women and media-exposed women, respectively. EIB was lower among children whose mothers had one to three antenatal care visits (ANC; aOR 0.73 [95% CI 0.61 to 0.87]) and four or more ANC visits (aOR 0.80 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.97]) compared with those who had no ANC visits. With the child factors, EIB was higher among mothers of children who were smaller than average size at birth compared with those of larger than average birth size (aOR 1.47 [95% CI 1.24 to 1.74]). Mothers of children of fifth-order or more births compared with those of first-order births (aOR 1.51 [95% CI 1.07 to 2.12]) and those who were delivered through vaginal birth compared with those delivered through caesarean section (aOR 4.71 [95% CI 1.36 to 16.24]) were more likely to practice EIB.ConclusionsMaternal and child-related factors play roles in EIB in Chad. Hence, it is important to consider these factors in maternal and neonatal health interventions. Such initiatives, including training of outreach health workers, health education, counselling sessions and awareness-raising activities on breastfeeding geared towards EIB should be undertaken. These should take into consideration the employment status, wealth quintile, exposure to mass media, size of the baby at birth, ANC visits, parity and delivery method.
Impact of mobility restrictions on the dynamics of transmission of COVID-19 in Colombian cities
Authors: Paternina-Caicedo Angel , Alvis-Guzmán Nelson , Dueñas Carmelo , Narvaez Javier , Smith Adrian D , De la Hoz-Restrepo Fernando 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Our aim was to study the association between case rates and reductions in urban mobility in state capitals of Colombia.

Methods
We designed an ecological time-series study to correlate the Colombian incidence rate with reductions in mobility trends of retail stores.

Results
The meta-analysis of β coefficients describing the association between case rates and reductions in mobility trends of retail stores resulted in a mean estimate of 0.0637 (95% confidence interval 0.027 to 0.101; p&lt;0.001) with nearly 100% heterogeneity.

Conclusions
We recommend continuing to consider mobility restrictions when the number of cases starts to climb in each local jurisdiction.
Results of an Interlaboratory Comparison of a Liquid Chromatography–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of 13C/12C Ratios of Saccharides in Honey
Authors: Aries Eric , De Rudder Oliver , Kaklamanos Georgios , Maquet Alain , Ulberth Franz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Stable carbon isotope analysis of sugars in honey by LC–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is a useful tool for detecting adulteration of honey with extraneous sugar. Purity criteria based on 13C/12C ratios of saccharides in honey, determined by LC–IRMS of a large number of authentic honey samples, have been elaborated. However, no interlaboratory comparison (ILC) has yet been performed to estimate the precision of the method under reproducibility conditions.

Objective
To address this knowledge gap an ILC involving 14 laboratories and using six honey samples was conducted.

Methods
The participants were allowed to use their LC–IRMS-based method of choice for sample preparation and compound separation.

Results
The precision figures were estimated according to ISO 5725:1994. The repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) for the determination of δ13C values of fructose and glucose varied between 0.3 and 0.5%, with 0.3 and 1.0% for disaccharides, and 0.7 and 2.8% for trisaccharides. The RSDR varied between 0.8 and 1.8% for the monosaccharides, 1.0 and 1.5% for disaccharides, and 1.4 and 2.8% for trisaccharides.

Conclusion
Based on the obtained precision data the LC–IRMS method for the determination of 13C/12C ratios of saccharides in honey was considered fit for the conformity assessment of honey with established purity criteria.

Highlights
Precision estimates for a LC–IRMS method to determine 13C/12C ratios of saccharides in honey were obtained through an ILC. The data created can form the basis for the standardization of the method by interested standards-developing organizations for use in official control.
Driving Under the Influence of Flualprazolam: 10 Case Reports
Authors: Mercurio Nicholas , Triebold Craig , Coleman Dan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ten cases of suspected driving under the influence of flualprazolam are presented. Data from police reports and drug recognition examinations, when available, were evaluated. In all cases, significant driving impairments were observed, including weaving, driving slowly, stopping in the roadway or collisions. Objective signs of impairment in all cases were generally consistent with those expected from central nervous system depressants. Both the mean and median blood flualprazolam concentrations were &lt;15 ng/mL. Although comprehensive analysis was not performed on each specimen, the data from this study support the conclusion that flualprazolam at low concentrations may significantly impair the ability to safely drive.
Diagnosis of a new subfamily within Barbouriidae (Decapoda: Caridea)
Authors: Ditter Robert E , Mejía-Ortíz Luis M , Bracken-Grissom Heather D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In a recent revision of the Barbouridae Christoffersen, 1987, the authorship for the subfamily Calliasmatinae was cited as “Holthuis, 1973.” This is incorrect as the subfamily name has not been used before. We here diagnose the Calliasmatinae as a new subfamily and validate the name. All members of the new taxon are endemic to anchialine caves. We also provide a revised list of the species of Barbouriidae.
Coronary artery embolism and culture-negative endocarditis post Bentall’s procedure
Authors: McNeill Jared , Chew Hong , Andresen David , Muller David , Granger Emily , Wang Louis W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Infective endocarditis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, which classically presents with fevers and nonspecific symptoms. Afebrile infective endocarditis with negative blood cultures makes diagnosis more challenging and delays in treatment can occur increasing the likelihood of complications. The presence of prosthetic heart valves places patients at an increased risk of infective endocarditis and the case described below highlights the importance of considering this diagnosis even if classic clinical features such as fever and raised inflammatory markers are not present, as well as discussing an unusual complication of infective endocarditis; coronary artery embolism leading to myocardial infarction.
Observational constraints on Tsallis modified gravity
Authors: Asghari Mahnaz , Sheykhi Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The thermodynamics-gravity conjecture reveals that one can derive the gravitational field equations by using the first law of thermodynamics and vice versa. Considering the entropy associated with the horizon in the form of non-extensive Tsallis entropy, S ∼ Aβ here, we first derive the corresponding gravitational field equations by applying the Clausius relation δQ = TδS to the horizon. We then construct the Friedmann equations of Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker Universe based on Tsallis modified gravity (TMG). Moreover, in order to constrain the cosmological parameters of TMG model, we use observational data, including Planck cosmic microwave background, weak lensing, supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and redshift-space distortions data. Numerical results indicate that TMG model with a quintessential dark energy is more compatible with the low redshift measurements of large scale structures by predicting a lower value for the structure growth parameter σ8 with respect to ΛCDM model. This implies that TMG model would slightly alleviate the σ8 tension.