bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Craniospinal Metastasis of Aggressive Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas as Pituitary Carcinomas
Authors: Raghu Ashley L. B. , Everson Megan C. , Helal Ahmed , Kiyofuji Satoshi , Clarke Michelle J. , Link Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Clinical behavior of pituitary neoplasms is peculiar and notoriously difficult to predict. While aggressive tumors are common, metastasis is very rare, can be highly delayed, and there are no histological or clinical features to meaningfully predict this happening. Endocrinologically silent tumors are particularly difficult, as there is less opportunity to detect early metastasis. Together, this amounts to a situation of uncertainty over the appropriate management of such tumors before and after metastasis.
Case Description The authors report two cases of nonfunctioning aggressive pituitary adenoma (APA) each requiring two transsphenoidal surgeries, a transcranial resection and radiotherapy. Both these tumors subsequently metastasized caudally along the neuraxis, years later, as a null cell carcinoma associated with a germline CHEK2 mutation and a silent Crooke's cell carcinoma. The former represents a novel oncogenetic association.
Conclusion Delayed drop dural metastasis of pituitary carcinoma is becoming increasingly recognized. Surgical resection of the distant disease to confirm the diagnosis and relieve the mass effect, followed by temozolomide chemotherapy, is the current treatment of choice. The need for both long-term follow-up in patients with APA, and a high degree of suspicion toward dural-based radiographic findings is emphasized.
Long-Term Outcomes of the Electrically Unresponsive, Anatomically Intact Facial Nerve Following Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Shoakazemi Alireza , Feria Alejandro , Kanakis Constantine E. , Stapleton Emma , Pathmanaban Omar N. , Freeman Simon R. , Lloyd Simon , Rutherford Scott A. , King Andrew Thomas , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective The study aimed to determine long-term outcomes in patients with intraoperative electrical conduction block in an anatomically intact facial nerve (FN).
Methods Single center retrospective review of prospectively collected database of all vestibular schwannoma surgeries between January 1, 2008 and August 25, 2015. Operative notes were reviewed and patients with anatomically intact FNs, but complete conduction block at the end of surgery were included for analysis.
Results In total, 371 patients had vestibular schwannoma surgery of which 18 met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 34.28 months and average tumor size was 28.00 mm. Seventeen patients had House-Brackmann Grade VI facial palsy immediately postoperatively and one patient was grade V. At 1 year, three patients remained grade VI (17%), two improved to grade V (11%), seven to grade IV (39%), six to grade III (33%), and one patient to grade II (6%). On extended follow-up, five patients (28%) had additional 1 to 2 score improvement in facial function. Subset analysis revealed no correlation of tumor size, vascularity, adherence to nerve, operative approach, extent of resection, splaying of FN, and recurrent tumor or sporadic tumors to the extent of FN recovery.
Conclusion Intraoperative conduction block does not condemn a patient to permanent FN palsy. There is potential for a degree of recovery comparable with those undergoing nerve grafting. Our data do not clearly support a policy of same-surgery or early-postoperative primary nerve grafting in the event of a complete conduction block, and instead we favor monitoring for recovery in an anatomically intact nerve.
Prevention of Superior Petrosal Vein Injury during Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Operative Nuances
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Park Sang-Ku , Lee Seunghoon , Lee Jeong-A , Park Kwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The superior petrosal vein (SPV) often obscures the surgical field or bleeds during microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Although SPV sacrifice has been proposed, it is associated with multiple complications. We have performed more than 4,500 MVDs, including approximately 400 cases involving trigeminal neuralgia. We aimed to describe our operative technique and nuances to avoid SPV injury.
Methods We have provided a detailed description of our institutional protocol, including the anesthesia technique, neurophysiologic monitoring, patient positioning, surgical approach, and SPV management. The surgical outcomes and treatment-related complications were retrospectively analyzed.
Results No SPVs were sacrificed intentionally or accidentally during our MVD protocol for trigeminal neuralgia. In the 344 operations performed during 2006 to 2020, 269 (78.2%) patients did not require medication postoperatively, 58 (16.9%) tolerated the procedure with adequate medication, and 17 (4.9%) did not respond to MVD. Postoperatively, 35 (10.2%), 1 (0.3%), and 0 patients showed permanent trigeminal, facial, or vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction, respectively. Wound infection occurred in five (1.5%) patients, while cerebrospinal fluid leaks occurred in three (0.9%) patients. Hemorrhagic complications appeared in four (1.2%) patients but these were unrelated to SPV injury. No surgery-related mortalities were reported.
Conclusion MVD for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia can be achieved safely without sacrificing the SPV. A key step is positioning the patient's vertex at a 10-degree elevation from the floor, which can ease venous return and loosen the SPV, making it less fragile to manipulation and providing a wider surgical corridor.
Mutational fitness landscapes reveal genetic and structural improvement pathways for a vaccine-elicited HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody
Authors: Madan Bharat , Zhang Baoshan , Xu Kai , Chao Cara W. , O’Dell Sijy , Wolfe Jacy R. , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Fahad Ahmed S. , Geng Hui , Kong Rui , Louder Mark K. , Nguyen Thuy Duong , Rawi Reda , Schön Arne , Sheng Zizhang , Nimrania Rajani , Wang Yiran , Zhou Tongqing , Lin Bob C. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Shapiro Lawrence , Kwong Peter D. , DeKosky Brandon J. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Many current vaccines seek to elicit protective antibody responses along precise evolutionary pathways, and a fundamental understanding of genetic, structural, and biophysical antibody development features will accelerate guided vaccine strategies. Here we determine the structural and biophysical features associated with improvement or fitness of an antibody targeting the HIV fusion peptide, a known vulnerable site on HIV-1. We show that around 1% of possible antibody mutations can improve virus recognition. Beneficial mutations were often clustered far from the binding interface and altered protein structure and dynamics, leading to reduced antibody thermal stability and higher binding affinity to the HIV envelope trimer. These data quantify the genetic and biophysical landscape for improvement of a vaccine-elicted antibody and provide a rational framework to guide HIV vaccines.
Lipid droplets in mammalian eggs are utilized during embryonic diapause
Authors: Arena Roberta , Bisogno Simona , Gąsior Łukasz , Rudnicka Joanna , Bernhardt Laura , Haaf Thomas , Zacchini Federica , Bochenek Michał , Fic Kinga , Bik Ewelina , Barańska Małgorzata , Bodzoń-Kułakowska Anna , Suder Piotr , Depciuch Joanna , Gurgul Artur , Polański Zbigniew , Ptak Grażyna E. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Lipid droplets (LDs) are stored in the embryo throughout the preimplantation development. Yet, the role of LDs in the embryo remains unknown. Embryonic diapause (ED) is a temporary arrest of an embryo when it waits for the uterine receptivity signal to implant. We provide evidence that LDs play a crucial role in maintaining ED. Diapausing embryos exhibit increased release of exosomes reflecting elevated embryonic signaling to the mother. During ED, the decrease in lipid is caused by a switch from carbohydrate metabolism to lipid catabolism. We have also shown that presence of LDs in the oocytes of various mammals positively corelates with their species-specific length of diapause. Our results reveal the functional role of LDs in embryonic development.
Processing strategies used by Basque-French bilingual and Basque monolingual children for the production of the
subject-agent in Basque
Authors: Duguine Isabelle , Köpke Barbara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We sought to describe the strategies used by 2L1 and L2 Basque-French bilingual children and monolingual
Basque children to express subject-agent function in a free elicitation context in Basque. Based on a three-year longitudinal
study, the analysis focused on transitive constructions requiring a subject-agent noun marked for ergative case. The results
showed that the children mastered production of the ergative case marker at different ages, and used different
psycholinguistic strategies to refer to the subject-agent. The majority of the bilingual children favoured topological
strategy (i.e., marking of the subject-agent in the first position through subject-verb-object word order). However, the
children with L1 Basque seemed to engage more in morphological strategy, through the use of the nominal ergative suffix. These
data allowed us to discuss variations in the performance of bilingual children in light of the cue cost and cue validity
concepts elaborated by the Competition Model applied to language production.
Bilingual language control across modalities
Authors: Struys Esli , Surmont Jill , Van de Craen Piet , Kepinska Olga , Van den Noort Maurits 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bilingual language control has previously been tested separately in tasks of language comprehension and
language production. Whereas these studies have suggested that local control processes are selectively recruited during
mixed-language production, the present study investigated whether measures of global control show the same dependence on
modality, or are shared across modalities. Thirty-eight Dutch-French bilingual young adults participated by completing two
tasks of bilingual language control in both modalities. Global accuracy on mixed-language comprehension was related to mixing
costs on bilingual verbal fluency, but only when compared to the L2-baseline. Global performance on mixed-language production
was related to forward (L1-to-L2) switch costs. Finally, a significant correlation was found between the mixing cost on verbal
fluency and forward switch costs on the comprehension task. The results are interpreted as evidence for the involvement of
monitoring processes in bilingual language control across modality. The results also highlight the relevance of language
switch directionality.
Investigating vulnerabilities in grammatical processing of bilinguals
Authors: Pourquié Marie , Lacroix Hugues , Kartushina Natalia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bilinguals show a large gap in their expressive-receptive abilities, in both languages. To date, most
studies have examined lexical processing. The current study aimed to assess comprehension and production of verb agreement,
i.e., grammatical processing, in bilinguals, and to examine the factors that might modulate them: exposure, age and
language-specific morphological complexity. Twenty balanced Basque-Spanish bilinguals (10 adults and 10 children) were
assessed on comprehension and production of subject-verb agreement in both languages and object-verb agreement in Basque.
Twenty age-matched Spanish-dominant Basque-Spanish bilinguals were assessed in Spanish only. The results revealed a consistent
gap in Basque in both children and adults, with an advantage for comprehension. In Spanish, a gap appeared in children only,
with an advantage for production. The gap size did not vary with the amount of language exposure but with age and
morphological complexity, suggesting that these factors modulate bilinguals’ grammatical processing.
Dominance, mode, and individual variation in bilingual speech production and perception
Authors: Piccinini Page , Arvaniti Amalia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Early Spanish-English bilinguals and English controls were tested on the production and perception of
negative, short-lag, and long-lag Voice Onset Time (VOT), VOT types spanning the Spanish and English phonetic categories:
phonologically, negative and short-lag VOT stops are distinct phonemes in Spanish, but realizations of voiced stops in
English. Dominance was critical: more English-dominant bilinguals produced more short-lag VOT stops in response to negative
VOT stimuli, and were also less accurate than more balanced bilinguals at discriminating negative from short-lag VOT.
Bilinguals performed similarly to monolinguals overall, but they produced more negative VOT tokens and shorter short-lag VOT
in response to negative VOT. Their productions were also less well correlated with perception and showed more variation
between individuals. These results highlight the variable nature of bilingual production and perception, and demonstrate the
need to consider language dominance, individual variation, as well as modalities and tasks when studying bilinguals.
Production, comprehension and repetition of accusative case by monolingual Russian and bilingual Russian-Dutch and
Russian-Hebrew-speaking children
Authors: Janssen Bibi , Meir Natalia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study explores the acquisition of the Russian accusative [acc] case inflections in two
groups of bilingual children (Russian-Dutch and Russian-Hebrew) who acquire Russian as their Heritage Language (HL) and two
groups of monolingual Russian-speaking children within the Unified Competition Model (MacWhinney, 2008, 2012). Seventy-two typically
developing children participated in the study. Children’s performance on three tasks was compared: elicited production,
forced-choice comprehension and sentence repetition.
The current study confirmed the predictions of the Unified Competition Model: monolingual
children view the [acc] case inflection as a reliable cue. Conversely, bilingual children showed lower accuracy on
nouns which require the use of a dedicated [acc] marker. Similarly, the percentage of children manifesting
sensitivity to [acc] case cue was low in bilinguals. The findings of the study extend the Unified Competition
Model to patterns of HL acquisition in bilinguals. Cue detection in HL for bilinguals is challenged when exposure
is limited.
“I just sound Sco[ʔ]ish now”
Authors: Ryan Sadie Durkacz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the speech of adolescents who have moved directly from Poland to Glasgow, using data
from a range of social contexts and comparing their speech to that of their locally-born peer-group. Focusing on the acquisition
of word-medial glottal replacement, I find that the Polish participants have replicated one of the constraints shown by their
locally-born peers (number of syllables), have come close to replicating another (following segment), and have three which are not
significant for the Glaswegians: lexical frequency, preceding segment and speech context. The emergence of the speech context
constraint for the Polish group (and not for the Glaswegians) is a novel finding, and sheds light on how learners come to
understand and negotiate style in the L2. I suggest that as they are going through the acquisition process, the Polish group use
speech context as an interpretive framework around which they structure their stylistic variation.
On the development of the social-linguistic nexus in discourse research
Authors: Cap Piotr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper gives a critical overview of analytical approaches dominating the field of discourse studies in the last three decades, from the perspective of their philosophical and formative bases: social constructionism and linguistics. It explores different conceptions of the theoretical nexus between these two bases leading to the emergence of three distinct yet complementary strands of thought (i–iii). The paper starts with poststructuralist views of discourse salient in (i) Laclau and Mouffe’s Discourse Theory. Laclau and Mouffe’s assumption that no discourse is a closed entity but rather transformed through contact with other discourses is taken as the introductory premise to present a large family of (ii) critical discourse studies, characterized as text-analytical practices explaining how discourse partakes in the production and negotiations of ideological meanings. Finally, the paper discusses (iii) three recent discourse analytical models: Discourse Space Theory, Critical Metaphor Analysis and the Legitimization-Proximization Model. These new theories take a further step toward consolidation of the social-theoretical and linguistic bases in contemporary discourse studies. The empirical benefits of this consolidation are discussed in the last part of the paper, which includes a case study where the new models are used in the analysis of Polish anti-immigration discourse.
When OKAY is repeated
Authors: Kuroshima Satomi , Kim Stephanie Hyeri , Hayano Kaoru , Kim Mary Shin , Lee Seung-Hee 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the use of the repetition
of OKAY in a third position and in a transitional phase between
activities in Korean and Japanese conversations. We have identified
that (1) the duplicated OKAY, by being placed either in the middle
of the other speaker’s turn or after a gap, is employed to accept
the second position turn as sufficient and thereby propose to close
the protracted sequence, and (2) it is deployed to serve as a
boundary marker between two activities. These actions are commonly
observed as an achievement of multiple actors displaying their
orientation toward the activity through various resources, including
the duplicated OKAY.
OKAY in health helpline calls in Brazil
Authors: Ostermann Ana Cristina , Harjunpää Katariina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter investigates phone calls to a health
helpline in Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on how call-takers employ
OKAY as a resource in managing the participants’ mutual alignment
and the progression of activities during the calls. Call-takers make
use of OKAY in transitioning between main and
subsidiary actions and activities and in eliciting
uptake from the recipient. In both contexts, the use of OKAY relates
to the work of managing the institutional agenda and technical
resources in relation to the situated concerns of the callers. The
analysis thus contributes to the study of particles and
institutional interaction by showing how OKAY is used in organizing
the routinized, agenda-driven conversational structures of helpline
interactions.
Coordination of OKAY, nods, and gaze in claiming understanding
and closing topics
Authors: Helmer Henrike , Betz Emma , Deppermann Arnulf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Our paper examines how bodily behavior
contributes to the local meaning of OKAY. We explore the interplay
between OKAY as response to informings and narratives and
accompanying multimodal resources in German multi-party interaction.
Based on informal and institutional conversations, we describe three
different uses of OKAY with falling intonation and the recurrent
multimodal patterns that are associated with them and that can be
characterized as ‘multimodal gestalts’. We show that: 1. OKAY as a
claim to sufficient understanding is typically accompanied by upward
nodding; 2. OKAY after change-of-state tokens exhibits a recurrent
pattern of up- and downward nodding with distinctive timing; and
3. OKAY closing larger activities is associated with gaze-aversion
from the prior speaker.
A Novel Vehicular Heatstroke Prevention by Smart HVAC System Model
Authors: Seng Yeap Wei , Chuan Tan Say , Ong Yoong , Mohd Fadzil Lokman , Khairi Ishak Mohamad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Today, automobile safety has become one of the paramount focus areas by car manufacturers. The vehicles of today have increasingly grown more intelligent to keep passengers safe on the road. Apart from traffic safety, non-crash safety issues progressively turn out to be another prime concern. Currently, vehicular heatstroke deaths in parked vehicles are one of the major focuses in the non-crash safety domain. 2018 saw a total of 52 American children died while 90% out of 8290 calls to RSPCA concerned trapped dogs in scorching cars. Thus, we proposed a prototype system with the capability to monitor vehicle conditions and take appropriate actions to save a life. The objective of this work is to reduce the possibility of uninformed passengers, especially children, the elderly, and the pets, from unnecessary deaths or suffering from trapped car-related heatstroke. This prototype can be further enhanced to smartly communicate with other Electrical Control Units (ECUs) inside the vehicle via an in-vehicle communication network, i.e. CAN bus to further improve vehicle safety.
UniCycle: An Android Application of Bike Sharing System in the Digital Campus
Authors: Ku Azir K.N.F. , Junita M.N. , Loke E.Y.N. , Zul M.F. , Roszaki M.A.A. , Zakaria N.H. , Abdalla J.A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bike Sharing System (BSS) has been on a rapid rise to provide healthy lifestyle and a sustainable environment to the world. However, the concept of BSS has a multiple flaws such as in managing of bike’s usage and maintenance. BSS that is currently used in Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) is based on rental concept which reduces time efficiency and is inconvenient to users due to its lack of maintenance management. Thus, this work has been innovated to monitor the bike’s maintenance by designing the concept of dock free system and design of mobile application to monitor bike’s usage, payment and location of the bike based on Internet of Thing (IoT) platform. UniCycle provides services that are useful as neither there will be wastage nor shortage of parking dock. The dock free system provides a service where users need not worry about finding the parking dock and they can place the bicycle at anywhere and anytime within the campus’ compound. Therefore, UniCycle provides dock-free smart bike sharing services which is a more convenient alternative to students to navigate around the campus. Furthermore, the maintenance team can also monitor the condition of the bicycles.
Design and Integrate Real Time Clock and Temperature Digital Signal Processing with ARM System
Authors: Wang H S , Jambek A B , Boey K H , Mohd Alias M N A , Faezal S F R , Md Isa M N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The integrated circuit had been developed rapidly from microprocessor to microcontroller and System-on-Chip (SoC) just happen within a few decade. The development is continuing as the demand for the functionality increase. The Real Time Clock (RTC) is one of the peripherals most widely used inside the microcontroller. Besides, when Moore’s law is still applied, the number of transistor will increase, so does the temperature. Thus, the temperature digital signal processing (TDSP) unit had become an important peripheral to monitor the system-on-chip temperature. In this paper, these two Intellectual Property which are RTC and TDSP are designed and integrated into ARM system. The system architecture and implementation strategies are discussed. The results were run and simulated in the Synopsys software.