bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasma gondii infections are associated with costly boldness toward felids in a wild host
Authors: Gering Eben , Laubach Zachary M. , Weber Patty Sue D. , Soboll Hussey Gisela , Lehmann Kenna D. S. , Montgomery Tracy M. , Turner Julie W. , Perng Wei , Pioon Malit O. , Holekamp Kay E. , Getty Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is hypothesized to manipulate the behavior of warm-blooded hosts to promote trophic transmission into the parasite’s definitive feline hosts. A key prediction of this hypothesis is that T. gondii infections of non-feline hosts are associated with costly behavior toward T. gondii’s definitive hosts; however, this effect has not been documented in any of the parasite’s diverse wild hosts during naturally occurring interactions with felines. Here, three decades of field observations reveal that T. gondii-infected hyena cubs approach lions more closely than uninfected peers and have higher rates of lion mortality. We discuss these results in light of 1) the possibility that hyena boldness represents an extended phenotype of the parasite, and 2) alternative scenarios in which T. gondii has not undergone selection to manipulate behavior in host hyenas. Both cases remain plausible and have important ramifications for T. gondii’s impacts on host behavior and fitness in the wild.
Aryl radical-mediated N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis
Authors: Matsuki Yuki , Ohnishi Nagisa , Kakeno Yuki , Takemoto Shunsuke , Ishii Takuya , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere have been significant advancements in radical reactions using organocatalysts in modern organic synthesis. Recently, NHC-catalyzed radical reactions initiated by single electron transfer processes have been actively studied. However, the reported examples have been limited to catalysis mediated by alkyl radicals. In this article, the NHC organocatalysis mediated by aryl radicals has been achieved. The enolate form of the Breslow intermediate derived from an aldehyde and thiazolium-type NHC in the presence of a base undergoes single electron transfer to an aryl iodide, providing an aryl radical. The catalytically generated aryl radical could be exploited as an arylating reagent for radical relay-type arylacylation of styrenes and as a hydrogen atom abstraction reagent for α-amino C(sp3)–H acylation of secondary amides.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Selective inheritance of target genes from only one parent of sexually reproduced F1 progeny in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Tao , Mudgett Michael , Rambabu Ratnala , Abramson Bradley , Dai Xinhua , Michael Todd P. , Zhao Yunde 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSexual reproduction constrains progeny to inherit allelic genes from both parents. Selective acquisition of target genes from only one parent in the F1 generation of plants has many potential applications including the elimination of undesired alleles and acceleration of trait stacking. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene drives can generate biased transmission of a preferred allele and convert heterozygotes to homozygotes in insects and mice, but similar strategies have not been implementable in plants because of a lack of efficient homology-directed repair (HDR). Here, we place a gene drive, which consists of cassettes that produce Cas9, guide RNAs (gRNA), and fluorescent markers, into the CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) gene through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR, resulting in cry1drive lines. After crossing the cry1drive/cry1drive lines to wild type, we observe F1 plants which have DNA at the CRY1 locus from only the cry1drive/cry1drive parent. Moreover, a non-autonomous trans-acting gene drive, in which the gene drive unit and the target gene are located on different chromosomes, converts a heterozygous mutation in the target gene to homozygous. Our results demonstrate that homozygous F1 plants can be obtained through zygotic conversion using a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene drive.
Phrenic nerve block during nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a single-centre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhu Yi , Wang Guangsuo , Gao Wenli , Lin Miao , Li Yali , Wang Jiaqing , Li Guofeng , Dai Zhongliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere has been interest in the use of nonintubated techniques for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in both awake and sedated patients. The authors’ centre developed a nonintubated technique with spontaneous ventilation for use in a patient under general anaesthesia using a phrenic nerve block. This treatment was compared with a case-matched control group. The authors believe that this technique is beneficial for optimizing anaesthesia for patients undergoing VATS. The patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to the phrenic nerve block (PNB) group and the control group. Both groups of patients received a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) that was inserted after anaesthetic induction, which permitted spontaneous ventilation and local anaesthesia in the forms of a paravertebral nerve block, a PNB and a vagal nerve block. However, the patients in the PNB group underwent procedures with 2% lidocaine, whereas saline was used in the control group. The primary outcome included the propofol doses. Secondary outcomes included the number of propofol boluses, systolic blood pressure (SBP), pH values of arterial blood gas and lactate (LAC), length of LMA pulled out, length of hospital stay (length of time from the operation to the time of discharge) and complications after 1 month. Intraoperatively, there were increases in lactate (F = 12.31, P = 0.001) in the PNB group. There was less propofol (49.20 ± 8.73 vs. 57.20 ± 4.12, P = 0.000), fewer propofol boluses (P = 0.002), a lower pH of arterial blood gas (F = 7.98, P = 0.006) and shorter hospital stays (4.10 ± 1.39 vs. 5.40 ± 1.22, P = 0.000) in the PNB group. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of the LMA pulled out, SBP or complications after 1 month between the groups. PNB optimizes the anaesthesia of nonintubated VATS.
Information dynamics in neuromorphic nanowire networks
Authors: Zhu Ruomin , Hochstetter Joel , Loeffler Alon , Diaz-Alvarez Adrian , Nakayama Tomonobu , Lizier Joseph T. , Kuncic Zdenka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic systems comprised of self-assembled nanowires exhibit a range of neural-like dynamics arising from the interplay of their synapse-like electrical junctions and their complex network topology. Additionally, various information processing tasks have been demonstrated with neuromorphic nanowire networks. Here, we investigate the dynamics of how these unique systems process information through information-theoretic metrics. In particular, Transfer Entropy (TE) and Active Information Storage (AIS) are employed to investigate dynamical information flow and short-term memory in nanowire networks. In addition to finding that the topologically central parts of networks contribute the most to the information flow, our results also reveal TE and AIS are maximized when the networks transitions from a quiescent to an active state. The performance of neuromorphic networks in memory and learning tasks is demonstrated to be dependent on their internal dynamical states as well as topological structure. Optimal performance is found when these networks are pre-initialised to the transition state where TE and AIS are maximal. Furthermore, an optimal range of information processing resources (i.e. connectivity density) is identified for performance. Overall, our results demonstrate information dynamics is a valuable tool to study and benchmark neuromorphic systems.
Microstructure analysis and image-based modelling of face masks for COVID-19 virus protection
Authors: Du Wenjia , Iacoviello Francesco , Fernandez Tacson , Loureiro Rui , Brett Daniel J. L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 may spread through respiratory droplets released by infected individuals. The viruses are transmitted in moist droplets which cause coronavirus disease. Many countries have mandated the wearing of face masks, to various extents. However, the efficacy of masks is yet to be well rationalised given the limited microstructure information. Here, three common face masks and associated air permeations were revealed by coupling X-ray tomographic imaging and infrared thermal imaging techniques. Quantitative parameters have been extracted from the 3D images. Also, image-based modelling was performed to simulate the permeability to show how droplets pass through the porous structure. Our results show that the N95 mask has the smallest average pore diameter (~30 µm) and the densest nanoscale fibres which provides superior droplet filtration among all cases. Modifications to the N95 masks are proposed to develop the next generation mask with higher efficacy and better breathability.
Research on transformer fault diagnosis: Based on improved firefly algorithm optimized LPboost–classification and regression tree
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxing , Fang Rongxing , Zhang Guozhi , Fang Yaqi , Zhou Xiu , Ma Yunlong , Wang Kun , Chen Kang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe information of dissolved gas in transformer oil can reflect the potential fault in oil immersed power transformer. In order to improve the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis, a transformer fault diagnosis model based on IFA‐LPboost‐CART is proposed here. First, a LPboost‐CART model is established. The classification and regression tree (CART) are used as the weak classifiers, and the linear programming boosting (LPboost) ensemble learning method is used to adjust the weight of each weak classifier to construct a strong classifier. Then the improved firefly algorithm (IFA) is adopted to optimize the number of CART and the maximum number of splits of CART in LPboost‐CART to obtain the IFA‐LPboost‐CART model. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing methods, such as CART and support vector machine (SVM), the proposed IFA‐LPboost‐CART model has higher fault diagnosis accuracy, which can provide technical support for transformer fault diagnosis.
Molecular Landscape for Malignant Transformation in Diffuse Astrocytoma
Authors: Tunthanathip Thara , Sangkhathat Surasak , Kanjanapradit Kanet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Malignant transformation (MT) of low-grade gliomas changes dramatically the natural history to poor prognosis. Currently, factors associated with MT of gliomas have been inconclusive, in particular, diffuse astrocytoma (DA).
Objective The present study aimed to explore the molecular abnormalities related to MT in the same patients with different MT stages.
Methods Twelve specimens from five DA patients with MT were genotyped using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify somatic variants in different stages of MT. We used cross-tabulated categorical biological variables and compared the mean of continuous variables to assess for association with MT.
Results Ten samples succussed to perform NGS from one male and four females, with ages ranging from 28 to 58 years. The extent of resection was commonly a partial resection following postoperative temozolomide with radiotherapy in 25% of cases. For molecular findings, poly-T-nucleotide insertion in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was significantly related to MT as a dose–response relationship (Mann–Whitney's U test, p = 0.02). Also, mutations of KMT2C and GGT1 were frequently found in the present cohort, but those did not significantly differ between the two groups using Fisher's exact test.
Conclusion In summary, we identified a novel relationship between poly-T insertion polymorphisms that established the pathogenesis of MT in DA. A further study should be performed to confirm the molecular alteration with more patients.
Physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of green and red spinach crackers
Authors: Nurhanan A R , Wen Xin Daphane Teo , Tham L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Green and red spinach are leafy vegetables prepared in varieties of Malaysian dishes. Utilisation of vegetables or fruits in baked foods such as crackers could increase nutritional values besides creating new flavor of the food. The objectives of this study were to determine the physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of crackers incorporated with green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius). The crackers were prepared by substituting 5%, 10% and 15% of green or red spinach with flour in the formulations. The formulated crackers were analysed for proximate compositions according to AOAC Methods, hardness and colour properties were determined using Texture Analyzer and chromameter respectively. Descriptive sensory evaluation was performed using 7-scale hedonic method to determine products preferences. The results showed that flour substitution with green or red spinach powder had decreased the moisture (3.35 to 10.48%) but increased the ash (2.34 to 3.23%), fat (11.2 to 13.93%) and protein (8.61 to 9.79%) content of crackers. Hardness values of both crackers were increased (4500 N to 5461 N) with increasing percentage of spinach powder used. The hardness decreased as longer time of storage applied. Lightness, redness and yellowness of crackers decreased with increased percentage of spinach used. Similarly, the colour intensities were decreased during four weeks of storage. In sensory evaluation, the lowest percentage of spinach in crakers (5%) received higher sensory acceptabilities than control and other formulations. In conclusion, the incorporation of green or red spinach in crakers at all percentages had increased nutritional values. The incorporation of 5% of green or red spinach received higher consumers’ acceptability among all formulations. It is recommended that green or red spinach powder could be incorporated in crackers up to 5% level for commercialization.
Big Data Brain Image Data Repair and Diagnosis Technology Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Yunhong , Liang Luxu , Qu Zhijie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an automatic tumor detection algorithm in MRI brain images based on significance modeling based on directional features.Firstly, the MRI brain image is preprocessed to remove the interference of the skull region in the image.Then, directional-feature-based saliency detection is used to increase the contrast of the lesion area to achieve more accurate extraction of the tumor image area.A large number of experiments have been carried out on the brain image data sets, and compared with the mainstream automatic tumor detection methods, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been proved.
An Automatic Pointer Meter Reading Method based on Deep Learning in Gas Gathering Station
Authors: Zhou Tao , Wei HaiKun , Zhang Kanjian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
pointer meters are widely used in gas gathering stations, and manual meter reading is time-consuming and laborious. This paper proposes an automatic reading method of pointer meters in gas gathering stations based on deep learning and image processing algorithm. Firstly, the input image is detected by YOLO neural network algorithm to quickly locate the position of the pointer meter in the image; then, the meter image is segmented from the background image, and after filtering and binarization preprocessing, the meter border is preliminarily detected by Hough transform. After further removing the background interference, the pointer area and scale value area are segmented by connected domain detection to detect. After measuring the center of mass of the scale value area, the center of the dial is corrected again by RANSAC fitting circle, and the pointer angle is identified by index table thinning algorithm, and finally the meter indication is calculated. The results show that this method can quickly locate the pointer meters in the gas gathering station under complex background and reduce the light interference.
Strategy Research on Accelerating Green and Low-Carbon Development under the Guidance of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Targets
Authors: Li Yinan , Chen Keren , Zheng Nan , Cai Qiyuan , Li Yuanfei , Lin Changyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since September 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made seven solemn promises to the world that China will achieve “carbon peak” by 2030 and “carbon neutral” by 2060. Under the guidance of carbon peak and carbon neutral targets, it has become an inevitable choice for China to accelerate green and low-carbon development. Developed countries started earlier on the road of emission reduction and have accumulated rich experience with relatively sound relevant laws and regulations. This paper studies and analyzes the emission reduction status of developed countries, and summarizes and summarizes the practical experience that can be used for reference from five aspects: scientific planning of emission reduction path, establishment and improvement of institutional system, gradual improvement of carbon price mechanism, breakthrough in energy conservation and emission reduction technology, and comprehensive implementation of circular economy. On this basis, combining with the current situation of economic and social development in China, Suggestions are put forward from four aspects: policy guidance, market mechanism, technological innovation and circular economy.
Research on Sponge City Planning Based on Resilient City Concept
Authors: Chao Wang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, China has made great efforts to promote the planning and construction of sponge cities. The State Council also pointed out that the low-impact development mode should be actively carried out to promote the construction of sponge cities in the approval of the overall planning of the pilot cities of sponge city construction. With the intensification of climate and environmental problems such as global warming, sponge city is gradually adopted for urban planning and construction in the development of modern cities, so as to improve the utilization rate of urban water resources. But still exist in the process of urban planning integration, the problem of the relative lack of systematic and consistent, so we need resilience thinking, introduced on the basis of the sponge city, in the city the top-level design from multidimensional perspectives of using toughness thinking mode for planning and construction, to further improve city heat island effect, and the ability of severe weather. Based on the current advanced concept of resilient city, this paper puts forward the conception of sponge city planning in view of the problems in the planning and construction of sponge cities in China, in order to provide a reference model for the pilot city construction.
Assessment of Current Situation of Aquaculture Pollution in Tianjin and Its Prevention and Control Measures
Authors: Liu Jiahong , Wei Daiyan , Yang Jidong , Yi Xiaojuan , Sun Meng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to grasp the current situation of aquaculture pollution in Tianjin, the situation of Tianjin aquaculture and the characteristics of tail water discharge were studied. The results showed that Tianjin’s aquaculture area in 2019 was 398, 000 mu, of which 384, 000 mu was freshwater aquaculture; the tail water discharge was 448 million cubic meters, of which freshwater aquaculture emissions were 384 million cubic meters; the main pollution factor for freshwater aquaculture was chemical oxygen demand (CODCr
) and total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (CODCr
) all exceed the standard, the total phosphorus compliance rate is 18.8%, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are both up to the standard; the main pollution factors of pond aquaculture in marine aquaculture are chemical oxygen demand (CODCr
) and reactive phosphate and total phosphorus. The main pollution factors of factory-aquaculture are inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphate and total nitrogen. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphate, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in factory-aquaculture using circulating water is higher than that using non-circulating water; Tianjin’s annual aquaculture chemical oxygen demand discharges 32, 700 t, ammonia nitrogen 348.0 t, total phosphorus 367.3 t, and total nitrogen 2025.6 t; countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the pollution of aquaculture.
Design of Heat Pump Drying Device for Livestock and Human Feces
Authors: Liu Hao , Si Huiping , Yu Yibiao , Shen Zheng , Zhang Yalei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The composition of livestock and human feces are relatively complex. In addition to being rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, there are also a large number of pathogenic bacteria, parasite eggs, antibiotics, and large doses of heavy metal additives. Livestock and human feces are good organic fertilizers, but if they are used without effective treatment, they will cause great damage to the environment. Because heat pumps have the advantages of low power consumption, environmental friendliness, easy automatic control, good quality of dried products, and saving drying time, heat pumps have been used to dry seafood, grains, and other materials. This paper set chicken manure as the research object, designed a set of heat pump drying devices to reduce and harmlessly treat the chicken manure, and used FLUENT software to simulate the drying oven, and drew the conclusion that the chicken manure can be dried evenly according to the set conditions in the drying oven.
Numerical Modelling of Round Bars Rolling Process in Three-High Skew Rolling Mill HDQT-R 30-12
Authors: Peković M , Benešová S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the 21 st century, numerical analysis is a proven tool for research and development of manufacturing processes. Mathematical modelling provides information about the behaviour of various materials during forming processes, for instance. The real-world process is therefore represented by an abstract mathematical model, on which calculations are performed. Three-roll skew rolling can be used for various grades of steel. This paper presents the results of a theoretical analysis of skew rolling of bars with an initial diameter of 30 mm for three different carbon steels, S235JRC, C45 and C60, and austenitic stainless steel AISI 321. The final diameter of the rolled bars was 22 mm and was achieved in a single pass. Several different rolling speeds were used for the stainless steel. The simulations were carried out using DEFORM 2D/3D software. The behaviour of the materials during rolling was analysed, including the values of effective strain and stress.
HFBD: a biomarker knowledge database for heart failure heterogeneity and personalized applications
Authors: He Hongxin , Shi Manhong , Lin Yuxin , Zhan Chaoying , Wu Rongrong , Bi Cheng , Liu Xingyun , Ren Shumin , Shen Bairong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular disease with a high incidence around the world. Accumulating studies have focused on the identification of biomarkers for HF precision medicine. To understand the HF heterogeneity and provide biomarker information for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of HF, a knowledge database collecting the distributed and multiple-level biomarker information is necessary.

Results
In this study, the HF biomarker knowledge database (HFBD) was established by manually collecting the data and knowledge from literature in PubMed. HFBD contains 2618 records and 868 HF biomarkers (731 single and 137 combined) extracted from 1237 original articles. The biomarkers were classified into proteins, RNAs, DNAs and the others at molecular, image, cellular and physiological levels. The biomarkers were annotated with biological, clinical and article information as well as the experimental methods used for the biomarker discovery. With its user-friendly interface, this knowledge database provides a unique resource for the systematic understanding of HF heterogeneity and personalized diagnosis and treatment of HF in the era of precision medicine.

Availability and implementation
The platform is openly available at http://sysbio.org.cn/HFBD/.