bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bandgap Shrinkage and Charge Transfer in 2D Layered SnS2 Doped with V for Photocatalytic Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Shelke Abhijeet R. , Wang Hsiao‐Tsu , Chiou Jau‐Wern , Shown Indrajit , Sabbah Amr , Chen Kuang‐Hung , Teng Shu‐Ang , Lin I‐An , Lee Chi‐Cheng , Hsueh Hung‐Chung , Liang Yu‐Hui , Du Chao‐Hung , Yadav Priyanka L. , Ray Sekhar C. , Hsieh Shang‐Hsien , Pao Chih‐Wen , Tsai Huang‐Ming , Chen Chia‐Hao , Chen Kuei‐Hsien , Chen Li‐Chyong , Pong Way‐Faung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEffects of electronic and atomic structures of V‐doped 2D layered SnS2 are studied using X‐ray spectroscopy for the development of photocatalytic/photovoltaic applications. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements at V K‐edge reveal the presence of VO and VS bonds which form the intercalation of tetrahedral OVS sites in the van der Waals (vdW) gap of SnS2 layers. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) reveals not only valence state of V dopant in SnS2 is ≈4+ but also the charge transfer (CT) from V to ligands, supported by V Lα,β resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering. These results suggest V doping produces extra interlayer covalent interactions and additional conducting channels, which increase the electronic conductivity and CT. This gives rapid transport of photo‐excited electrons and effective carrier separation in layered SnS2. Additionally, valence‐band photoemission spectra and S K‐edge XANES indicate that the density of states near/at valence‐band maximum is shifted to lower binding energy in V‐doped SnS2 compare to pristine SnS2 and exhibits band gap shrinkage. These findings support first‐principles density functional theory calculations of the interstitially tetrahedral OVS site intercalated in the vdW gap, highlighting the CT from V to ligands in V‐doped SnS2.
Modeling correction activities in the context of verification strategies
Authors: Xu Peng , Salado Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorrection activities (CAs), which can take the form of redesign, rework, or repair, are essential to system development. Whereas verification activities (VAs) provide information about the state of the system, CAs modify the state of the system to facilitate its correct operation. However, existing approaches to modeling and optimizing verification strategies take a simplistic approach to CAs. Specifically, CAs are modeled as an expected cost to achieve a desired confidence level after a VA has failed and are inherent to such VAs. In this paper, we present a modeling paradigm based on Bayesian networks (BNs) that captures the effects of different types of CAs. This modeling paradigm allows for the integration of verification and correction decisions (CDs) under a common framework. The modeling paradigm is illustrated in the notional case of a communication system.
Broadscale Population Structure and Hatchery Introgression of Midwestern Brook Trout
Authors: Erdman Bradley , Mitro Matthew G. , Griffin Joanna D. T. , Rowe David , Kazyak David C. , Turnquist Keith , Siepker Michael , Miller Loren , Stott Wendylee , Hughes Michael , Sloss Brian , Kinnison Michael T. , Wilson Chris C. , Larson Wes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis have faced significant declines throughout their native range and have been stocked in Midwestern waters since the late 1800s to offset such losses. Several studies have investigated the genetic effects of these stockings, but these efforts have been confined to relatively small spatial scales. In this study, we compiled 8,454 Brook Trout microsatellite genotypes from 188 wild Midwestern populations and 26 hatchery strains to provide novel insights of broadscale population structure, regional patterns of genetic diversity, and estimates of hatchery introgression for inland Wisconsin populations. Our results indicate high levels of differentiation among our study populations, a lack of hydrological population structuring, lower estimates of genetic diversity in the Driftless Area, and that hatchery introgression has been largely confined to regions of inland Wisconsin that have been heavily affected by anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., the Driftless Area). We also provide evidence that populations may be able to purge hatchery‐derived alleles, discuss possible mechanisms behind this phenomenon, and consider their relevance to accurate estimation of hatchery introgression. Collectively, these results summarize the genetic effects of over a century of anthropogenic disturbance on native Brook Trout populations and emphasize the importance of integrating historical data into contemporary genetic research of intensively managed species.
Prevalence of camel babesiosis in southeast of Iran
Authors: Mirahmadi Hadi , Ghaderi Ali , Barani Shaghik , Alijani Ebrahim , Mehravaran Ahmad , Shafiei Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBabesiosis is a globally distributed zoonotic parasitic disease in a broad range of vertebrates with great importance in the veterinary field. The standard diagnostic test for Babesiosis in animals is microscopic identification of the parasite in a venous blood smear stained with Giemsa combined with assessment of clinical manifestations throughout the acute phase of the disease. The present study was planned to determine the presence of Babesia species in camels from the southeastern regions of Iran. A total of 140 blood samples of camels were randomly collected in four selected cities including Qaen, Nehbandan, Iranshahr, and Zahedan from March to August 2019. Blood smears of each case were also examined by the Giemsa staining method and extracted DNA samples were subjected to internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The prevalence rates using microscopically and molecular examinations were 10% and 19.28%, respectively. The prevalence rates significantly vary between the selected regions (p = 0.003). PCR technique showed higher sensitivity than microscopy. We found that all infected camels were positive for Babesia caballi. The rate of infection with Babesia among the camel in Zahedan is remarkable. Early diagnosis and early treatment can prevent further spread of the disease in this area.
Computation of gravitational particle production using adiabatic invariants
Authors: Basso Edward E. , Chung Daniel J. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Analytic and numerical techniques are presented for computing gravitational production of scalar particles in the limit that the inflaton mass is much larger than the Hubble expansion rate at the end of inflation. These techniques rely upon adiabatic invariants and time modeling of a typical inflaton field which has slow and fast time variation components. A faster computation time for numerical integration is achieved via subtraction of slowly varying components that are ultimately exponentially suppressed. The fast oscillatory remnant results in production of scalar particles with a mass larger than the inflationary Hubble expansion rate through a mechanism analogous to perturbative particle scattering. An improved effective Boltzmann collision equation description of this particle production mechanism is developed. This model allows computation of the spectrum using only adiabatic invariants, avoiding the need to explicitly solve the inflaton equations of motion.
Aspects of high scale leptogenesis with low-energy leptonic CP violation
Authors: Granelli A. , Moffat K. , Petcov S. T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using the density matrix equations (DME) for high scale leptogenesis based on the type I seesaw mechanism, in which the CP violation (CPV) is provided by the low-energy Dirac or/and Majorana phases of the neutrino mixing (PMNS) matrix, we investigate the 1-to-2 and the 2-to-3 flavour regime transitions, where the 1, 2 and 3 leptogenesis flavour regimes in the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe ηB are described by the Boltzmann equations. Concentrating on the 1-to-2 flavour transition we determine the general conditions under which ηB goes through zero and changes sign in the transition. Analysing in detail the behaviour of ηB in the transition in the case of two heavy Majorana neutrinos N1,2 with hierarchical masses, M1 ≪ M2, we find, in particular, that i) the Boltzmann equations in many cases fail to describe correctly the generation of ηB in the 1, 2 and 3 flavour regimes, ii) the 2-flavour regime can persist above (below) ∼ 1012 GeV (∼ 109 GeV), iii) the flavour effects in leptogenesis persist beyond the typically considered maximal for these effects leptogenesis scale of 1012 GeV. We further determine the minimal scale M1min at which we can have successful leptogenesis when the CPV is provided only by the Dirac or Majorana phases of the PMNS matrix as well as the ranges of scales and values of the phases for having successful leptogenesis. We show, in particular, that when the CPV is due to the Dirac phase δ, there is a direct relation between the sign of sin δ and the sign of ηB in the regions of viable leptogenesis in the case of normal hierarchical light neutrino mass spectrum; for the inverted hierarchical spectrum the same result holds for M1 ≲ 1013 GeV. The considered different scenarios of leptogenesis are testable and falsifiable in low-energy neutrino experiments.
Deformations of JT gravity via topological gravity and applications
Authors: Förste Stefan , Jockers Hans , Kames-King Joshua , Kanargias Alexandros 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the duality between JT gravity and the double-scaled matrix model including their respective deformations. For these deformed theories we relate the thermal partition function to the generating function of topological gravity correlators that are determined as solutions to the KdV hierarchy. We specialise to those deformations of JT gravity coupled to a gas of defects, which conforms with known results in the literature. We express the (asymptotic) thermal partition functions in a low temperature limit, in which non-perturbative corrections are suppressed and the thermal partition function becomes exact. In this limit we demonstrate that there is a Hawking-Page phase transition between connected and disconnected surfaces for this instance of JT gravity with a transition temperature affected by the presence of defects. Furthermore, the calculated spectral form factors show the qualitative behaviour expected for a Hawking-Page phase transition. The considered deformations cause the ramp to be shifted along the real time axis. Finally, we comment on recent results related to conical Weil-Petersson volumes and the analytic continuation to two-dimensional de Sitter space.
Null boundary phase space: slicings, news & memory
Authors: Adami H. , Grumiller D. , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M. , Taghiloo V. , Yavartanoo H. , Zwikel C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We construct the boundary phase space in D-dimensional Einstein gravity with a generic given co-dimension one null surface $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
as the boundary. The associated boundary symmetry algebra is a semi-direct sum of diffeomorphisms of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
and Weyl rescalings. It is generated by D towers of surface charges that are generic functions over $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
. These surface charges can be rendered integrable for appropriate slicings of the phase space, provided there is no graviton flux through $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
. In one particular slicing of this type, the charge algebra is the direct sum of the Heisenberg algebra and diffeomorphisms of the transverse space, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
v for any fixed value of the advanced time v. Finally, we introduce null surface expansion- and spin-memories, and discuss associated memory effects that encode the passage of gravitational waves through $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
, imprinted in a change of the surface charges.
Circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Hu Mingchao , Wang Zhili , Wu Zeen , Ding Pi , Pei Renjun , Wang Qiang , Xing Chungen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA-199) have been prevalently used as biomarkers in various cancers, they are neither very sensitive nor highly specific. Repeated tissue biopsies at different times of the disease can be uncomfortable for cancer patients. Additionally, the existence of tumor heterogeneity and the results of local biopsy provide limited information about the overall tumor biology. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to look for reliable and noninvasive biomarkers of CRC. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which depart from a primary tumor, enter the bloodstream, and imitate metastasis, have a great potential for precision medicine in patients with CRC. Various efficient CTC isolation platforms have been developed to capture and identify CTCs. The count of CTCs, as well as their biological characteristics and genomic heterogeneity, can be used for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response in CRC. This study reviewed the existing CTC isolation techniques and their applications in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CRC. The study also presented their limitations and provided future research directions.
An in vitro-based hazard assessment of liquid smoke food flavourings
Authors: Selin Erica , Mandava Geeta , Vilcu Alexandra-Livia , Oskarsson Agneta , Lundqvist Johan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiquid smoke products are widely used as a food additive to create a desired smoke flavour. These products may contain hazardous chemicals generated during the wood-burning process. However, the toxic effects of these types of hazardous chemicals constituting in the commercially available products are largely unknown. Therefore, a test battery of cell-based in vitro methods, covering different modes of actions of high relevance to human health, was applied to study liquid smoke products. Ten liquid smoke flavourings were tested as non-extracted and extracted. To assess the potential drivers of toxicity, we used two different solvents. The battery of in vitro methods covered estrogenicity, androgenicity, oxidative stress, aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity and genotoxicity. The non-extracted samples were tested at concentrations 0.002 to 1 μL liquid smoke flavouring/mL culture medium, while extracted samples were tested from 0.003 to 200 μL/mL. Genotoxicity was observed for nearly all non-extracted and all hexane-extracted samples, in which the former had higher potency. No genotoxicity was observed for ethyl acetate-extracted samples. Oxidative stress was activated by almost all extracted and non-extracted samples, while approximately half of the samples had aryl hydrocarbon receptor and estrogen receptor activities. This study used effect-based methods to evaluate the complex mixtures of liquid smoke flavourings. The increased bioactivities seen upon extractions indicate that non-polar chemicals are driving the genotoxicity, while polar substances are increasing oxidative stress and cytotoxic responses. The differences in responses indicate that non-extracted products contain chemicals that are able to antagonize toxic effects, and upon extraction, the protective substances are lost.
A new proposal for secondary surveillance following potentially curative therapy of HCC: alternating MRI and CEUS
Authors: Bansal Sanjay , Lu Fangshi , Frehlich Levi , Wong Jason K. , Burak Kelly W. , Wilson Stephanie R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A high recurrence rate following ablative therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) necessitates routine follow-up imaging (secondary surveillance) to facilitate early re-treatment. We evaluate our unique secondary surveillance algorithm (with use of alternating MRI and CEUS) by assessment of the relative diagnostic accuracy of MRI and CEUS in detection of residual/recurrent tumor. Potential benefits of alternating surveillance are compared to the use of MRI alone.

Materials and methods
This prospective observational IRB approved study included 231 patients with 354 treated tumors between January 2017 and June 2020. Treated lesions underwent secondary surveillance for a minimum of 7 months and up to 3 years, median follow-up 14 months. Secondary surveillance involved MRI performed at 1 month after treatment, followed by CEUS and MRI at alternate 3-month intervals (i.e., CEUS at month 4, MRI at month 7, etc.), for a total of 2 years. An equivocal finding on one imaging modality triggered expeditious evaluation with the alternate modality. Arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout comprise the classic features of recurrent tumor on both modalities.

Results
A total of 746 MRI and 712 CEUS examinations were performed, and a total of 184 tumor recurrences detected, MRI (n = 82) and CEUS (n = 102) (p = 0.19). There was no difference in the sensitivity (71.0–85.0% and 80.9–92.0%), specificity (97.4–99.2% and 98.5–99.9%), and area under the ROC curve (0.85–0.92 and 0.91–0.96) between MRI and CEUS, respectively. 23 of 82 recurrent tumors identified on MRI were equivocal and confirmed with expedited CEUS. 9 equivocal cases on MRI were disproved by expedited CEUS. On CEUS, 1 of the 102 recurrent tumors was equivocal and confirmed on MRI, and 2 equivocal CEUS cases were disproved by MRI.

Conclusion
MRI and CEUS performed similarly in our secondary surveillance algorithm for HCC in their ability to detect tumor recurrence, and showed no significant difference in their relative diagnostic test accuracy measures. Of greater interest, equivocal results on MRI (typically due to difficulty in distinguishing tumor recurrence from post-treatment change/shunting) were either confirmed or disproven by CEUS in all cases. Secondary surveillance of treated HCC with alternating MRI and CEUS shows equivalent performance of each modality. CEUS resolves equivocal MRI and optimally demonstrates APHE and washout in tumor recurrence.

Graphic abstract
Anatomical variants of the medioplantar oblique ligament and inferoplantar longitudinal ligament: an MRI study
Authors: Szaro Paweł , Ghali Gataa Khaldun , Ciszek Bogdan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The spring ligament complex (SL) is the chief static stabilizer of the medial longitudinal foot arch. The occurrence of normal anatomical variants may influence radiological diagnostics and surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical variants of the part of SL located inferior to the talar head (i-SL), medioplantar oblique ligament (MPO) and inferoplantar longitudinal ligament (IPL).

Methods
We included 220 MRI examinations of the ankle performed on a 3.0 T engine. Only patients with a normal SL were included. Two musculoskeletal radiologists assessed the examinations and Cohen’s kappa was used to assess agreement. Differences between groups were assessed using the chi-squared test; p < 0.05 was considered as significant. The final decision was made by consensus.

Results
Most commonly, i-SL was composed of the two ligaments IPL and MPO n = 167 (75.9%); in this group, bifid ligaments occurred in 19.2%, most commonly in the MPO. A branch to the os cuboideum was seen in n = 17 (10.2%). Three ligaments were seen in n = 52 (23.6%). In this group, bifid ligaments occurred in 13.5%; most commonly, the IPL was bifid and a branch to the os cuboideum was noted in n = 6 (11.5%). In one case, n = 1 (0.04%), we identified MPO, IPL and two accessory ligaments. No significant relationship was noted between the number of ligaments, the presence of bifid ligaments and side or gender (p > 0.05). Conclusion. More than two aligaments were seen in 24.1% of examined cases, the most common variant was the presence of MPO, IPL and one accessory ligament.
Role and mechanism of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression in pepsin-induced development of vocal cord leukoplakia
Authors: Ao Yin-Jie , Wu Ting-Ting , Cao Zai-Zai , Zhou Shui-Hong , Bao Yang-Yang , Shen Li-Fang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the role of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression in pepsin-induced development of human vocal cord leukoplakia cells (HVCLCs). Next, we analyzed the relationship between Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression with the clinicopathological features of laryngeal carcinoma.

Methods
Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression levels in HVCLCs were determined after treatment with artificial gastric juice containing pepsin and laryngeal carcinoma tissues.

Results
Exposure to pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice significantly enhanced the migration and proliferation of VSCLCs in a time-dependent manner. The apoptotic rate of VSCLCs decreased over time after exposure to pepsin and reached a nadir on day 7 (p < 0.01). With increasing duration of exposure to pepsin, the proportion of VSCLCs in G0/G1 phase decreased and the proportions in the S and G2/M phases significantly increased (p < 0.05). After treatment with pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice, RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β significantly increased in HVCLCs compared to in the absence of pepsin (p < 0.05). The expression of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β gradually increased from vocal cord leukoplakia (VLC) to laryngeal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Glut-1 expression in VCL significantly inhibited the cells’ migration and proliferation (p < 0.05) but enhanced their apoptosis (p < 0.05). Also, inhibition of Glut-1 expression resulted in an increased proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase and a significantly decreased proportion in G2/M phase (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Elevated Glut-1 expression may promote the development of VCL by upregulating laryngeal H+/K+-ATPase expression to reactivate absorbed pepsin, thus damaging the laryngeal mucosa.
Assessment of the microvasculature in poppers maculopathy
Authors: Hamann T. , Wiest M. R. J. , Brinkmann M. , Toro M. , Fasler K. , Baur J. , Freund K. B. , Zweifel Sandrine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate a possible microvascular component of poppers maculopathy (PMP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods
Twelve patients suffering from poppers maculopathy were included. Health records, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA data was gathered and compared to a healthy control group (HC). PMP lesion type was determined by manifestation in OCT. OCTA-based evaluation of retinal vascular plexus and choriocapillaris (CC) was executed. Vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) in superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP), as well as flow deficits (FD), within the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in CC were assessed.

Results
Median age of PMP patients was 40 (min 24; max 64) years, all male. Eleven patients presented with ellipsoid zone-type lesions; one patient showed a vitelliform-type lesion. No qualitative microvascular changes between PMP patients and HC were identified. Quantitative values for VD and VLD of SCP and DCP did not differ in between the two groups. The analysis of FDs in CC showed no deviation from PMP patients to HC.

Conclusions
No vascular anomalies in qualitative and quantitative analysis in OCTA were detected in PMP patients. The constitution of the CC within FAZ of PMP patients does not differ from HC when assessed as FD.