bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criteria for Good Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yadav Drishti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research. The aim is to shed light on existing standards for assessing the rigor of qualitative research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological standpoints. Using a systematic search strategy, published journal articles that deliberate criteria for rigorous research were identified. Then, references of relevant articles were surveyed to find noteworthy, distinct, and well-defined pointers to good qualitative research. This review presents an investigative assessment of the pivotal features in qualitative research that can permit the readers to pass judgment on its quality and to condemn it as good research when objectively and adequately utilized. Overall, this review underlines the crux of qualitative research and accentuates the necessity to evaluate such research by the very tenets of its being. It also offers some prospects and recommendations to improve the quality of qualitative research. Based on the findings of this review, it is concluded that quality criteria are the aftereffect of socio-institutional procedures and existing paradigmatic conducts. Owing to the paradigmatic diversity of qualitative research, a single and specific set of quality criteria is neither feasible nor anticipated. Since qualitative research is not a cohesive discipline, researchers need to educate and familiarize themselves with applicable norms and decisive factors to evaluate qualitative research from within its theoretical and methodological framework of origin.
Re-engineering the Past: Countrywide Geo-referencing of Archival Aerial Imagery
Authors: Heisig Holger , Simmen Jean-Luc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArchival aerial imagery (AAI) represents a unique and relatively unexploited resource for assessing long-term environmental changes at a very high spatial resolution. A major constraint for the wider use of AAI often lies in the difficulties of establishing precise geo-referencing, namely in the difficult and time-consuming task of assigning ground reference through manual digitization of Ground control points (GCPs). We present a highly automated photogrammetric workflow for orientation of AAI. The workflow substitutes manual GCP measurements by generating image matches to a digital reference. The resulting abundant observations are algorithmically filtered and used in a bundle block adjustment (BBA) to obtain final image orientations. The proposed workflow has successfully been employed to process a complete coverage of AAI over the territory of Switzerland based on images acquired between 1985 and 1991. The accuracies obtained from the orientation process are very satisfying and allow for generating meaningful 2D and 3D products. The absolute accuracy for derived orthophotos and their mosaics is about 1 m. The relative accuracies are in the subpixel range and allow for generation of country-wide Digital surface models (DSMs) through dense-image matching. The obtained accuracies are comparable to those obtained at the authors’ affiliation using classical workflows that involve manual GCP identification from digital reference data. With regard to human working time, the workflow has, in our case, proven to be at least five times more efficient than classical workflows whilst the required computational resources are very moderate.
Pediatric's giant bladder stone: A proposed new terminology
Authors: Husein Ali , Sigumonrong Yacobda 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Bladder stones constitute approximately 5% of all urinary tract stones. In recent years, improved access to health care and improved nutritional status in children has led to a reduction of stone cases in many Asian countries. In the case of bladder stone in children, the term giant bladder stone which is based only on the stone burden cannot be applied, considering the capacity of a child's bladder that continues to increase with age.

Objective:
This current study aims to propose a new term related to giant bladder stones in pediatric patient populations concerning the stone burden, bladder capacity, and renal impairment related to the bladder stone.

Methods:
Thirty-four children with bladder stones in our center between January 2014 to August 2019 were admitted to the study. Data regarding patient's age, clinical symptoms, dietary history, socioeconomic status, laboratory investigations include complete blood examination, urinalysis and urine culture, presence of hydronephrosis, stone size, nutritional status, and type of procedure were collected. Estimated stone volume (ESV) was measured using Ackermann's formula, while estimated bladder capacity (EBC) was calculated using Koff formulas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the best cut-off value for determining what ESV to EBC ratio value at which a bladder stone cause hydronephrosis.

Result:
Hydronephrosis was noted in 12 patients. A significant difference in the mean ESV and ESV to EBC ratio was found between those two groups (p < 0.001 and 0.006 respectively). ROC curve was used to assess the accuracy of the ESV to EBC ratio as a predictor of hydronephrosis incidence with the area under the curve 0.768 (95% CI 0.624 to 0.949). Cut-off value of this ESV to EBC ratio is 0.0286 with a sensitivity 94.40%, specificity 62.50%, positive predictive value 73.91%, and negative predictive value 90.90%.

Conclusion:
We propose to use the term giant in pediatric cases using the EBV to EBC ratio above 0.028.

Highlights
Acquiring knowledge through management consultancy: a national culture perspective
Authors: O'Mahoney Joe , Sturdy Andrew , Galazka Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how national culture informs the sourcing of management knowledge through external consultancy. First, it hypothesises and compares the relationship between quantitative measures of Hofstede's cultural indices with adjusted expenditure on consulting in nine countries. Two cultural indices are found to correlate with consulting use – power distance (negatively) and individualism (positively). However, the disparity between our findings and prior research suggests limitations of generalisation in studies solely employing quantitative cultural indices to understand the purchasing of business knowledge. We therefore propose the use of supplementary, qualitative data with sensitivity to local contexts and briefly apply this by using secondary sources to provide historical narratives for two countries – the UK and Japan. Overall, we find and tentatively explain significant statistical relationships between Hofstede's cultural indices and adjusted expenditure on consultancy. We then draw attention to wider implications for consulting research and for practitioners involved in this context.
Thailandina and Neothailandina and their family Thailandinidae salvaged: a valid taxonomic group of peculiar Permian fusuline Foraminifera
Authors: Ueno Katsumi 
Published: September 2021

The fusuline genera Thailandina Toriyama and Kanmera, 1968 and Neothailandina Toriyama and Kanmera, 1968 were established by Toriyama and Kanmera (1968) based on material from the Khao Phlong Phrab section of the Permian Rat Buri Limestone in central Thailand that is currently assigned to the Khao Khad Formation of the Saraburi Group (Ueno and Charoentitirat, 2011). These fusuline genera are peculiar in having parachomata and replaced tests by secondary mineralization. Moreover, Neothailandina was described to have a test with transverse septula, considered to be characteristic for Neoschwagerinidae. Based on these remarkable test features, Toriyama and Kanmera (1968) newly introduced the subfamily Thailandininae to accommodate these two new genera and assigned it to the Neoschwagerinidae, despite the lack of septula in Thailandina. Later, Kobayashi et al. (2010) argued that Thailandina and Neothailandina are just a mixed grouping of several known genera of schwagerinids, verbeekinids, and neoschwagerinids that are too altered by recrystallization to be recognizable, and rejected the taxonomic validity of these two genera as well as Thailandininae.The Khao Phlong Phrab section represents one of the standard late Cisuralian−Guadalupian (late early−middle Permian) fusuline successions in the eastern Paleotethys (Zhang and Wang, 2018) and contains not only Thailandina and Neothailandina but also abundant schwagerinid, verbeekinid, and neoschwagerinid fusulines (Toriyama, 1975; Fig. 1). I investigated the original specimens described by Toriyama and Kanmera (1968) and Toriyama (1975) from the section that are housed in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences of Kyushu University, Japan. I found that most of the grounds for Kobayashi et al.'s (2010) arguments to regard the thailandinin genera as taxonomically invalid are not supported by observations on these specimens as explained in the account that follows. In this taxonomic note, I propose that Thailandina and Neothailandina, and their family Thailandinidae, should be retained as valid taxonomic groups.
Regulating high-cost short-term credit in the UK: is there scope for ‘libertarian paternalism’ based provisions?
Authors: Aldohni Abdul Karim , Duxbury Darren 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe regulatory protection of credit consumers, in general, is paramount due to the considerable use of credit, the imbalanced bargaining positions of the contracting parties and the adverse effect of over-indebtedness on individuals and society alike. These concerning factors are worsened in the case of High-Cost Short-Term Credit (HCSTC) consumers owing to their disadvantaged financial position and other recognised vulnerabilities. In this respect, the paper argues that direct regulatory intervention, despite its importance, is not always a silver bullet. Through the analysis of the overhauling of the UK HCSTC regulatory framework, this paper demonstrates the shortfalls of these regulatory changes. Accordingly, the paper shifts the argument towards improving the decision-making mechanisms of HCSTC consumers, ie the role of ‘libertarian paternalism’-based interventions. By using a bespoke experimental survey, the paper demonstrates the type of behavioural interventions that can assist in this endeavour and which the regulator could possibly mandate.
Impact of the Elemental Composition of Exported Organic Matter on the Observed Dissolved Nutrient and Trace Element Distributions in the Upper Layer of the Ocean
Authors: Quay Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSystematic regional variations in the ratio of nutrient depth gradients of dissolved inorganic carbon (ΔDIC):nitrate (ΔNO3):phosphate (ΔPO4) in the upper layer (300 m) of the Pacific Ocean are observed. Regional variations in the ΔDIC/ΔNO3/ΔPO4 are primarily the result of three processes, that is, the C/N/P of organic matter (OM) being exported and subsequently degraded, nitrogen fixation, and air‐sea CO2 gas exchange. The link between the observed dissolved ΔDIC/ΔNO3/ΔPO4 and the C/N/P of exported OM is established using surface layer dissolved DIC, NO3, and PO4 budgets. These budgets, in turn, provide a means to indirectly estimate the C/N/P of OM being exported from the surface layer of the ocean. The indirectly estimated C/N/P of exported OM reach maxima in the subtropical gyres at 177/22/1, that is, significantly greater than the Redfield ratio and a minimum in the equatorial ocean at 109/16/1 with both results agreeing with available observed particle C/N/P and ocean biogeochemical models. The budget approach was applied to a bioactive trace element (TE) using the measured dissolved Cadmium (Cd) to PO4 gradients to estimate the Cd/P of exported OM in the Pacific Ocean. Combining the budget method with the availability of high‐quality dissolved nutrient and TE data collected during the GOSHIP and GEOTRACES programs could potentially provide estimates of the C/N/P/TE of exported OM on global ocean scales which would significantly improve our understanding of the link between the ocean's biological pump and dissolved nutrient distributions in the upper ocean.
Evaluation of Connectivity Characteristics on the Permeability of Two‐Dimensional Fracture Networks Using Geological Entropy
Authors: Ye Zuyang , Fan Xincheng , Zhang Jun , Sheng Jianlong , Chen Yuting , Fan Qingli , Qin Huikai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA systematic approach has been developed to estimate the relationship between the permeability and connectivity of two‐dimensional fracture networks, in which the network connectivity is evaluated with the concept of geological entropy as informative index of spatial disorder. The geological entropy is quantified by the entropic scale, a metric developed by Bianchi and Pedretti (2018), which is here applied to integrate multiple properties of two‐dimensional fracture networks, including aperture, spacing, length, orientation. Through the comparisons among several existing connectivity indicators including the entropic scale in an illustrative example, only the entropic scale is positively correlated with the permeability concerning aperture and can be successfully used to quantify the network connectivity. In order to understand connectivity characteristics dependence of the permeability, a computational method combining fracture network generation and steady‐state flow simulation is developed. Based on the results of detailed numerical simulations considering hydraulic behavior and connectivity characteristic in various fracture networks, the entropic scale and permeability are simultaneously inversely proportional to length and proportional to spacing with the same global entropy, but exhibit weak dependence on the orientation variation. A simple closed‐form empirical expression in terms of quadratic polynomial model between the permeability and entropic scale is proposed. The results indicated that geological entropy is valid and appropriate to quantify the connectivity and predict the permeability of two‐dimensional fracture networks.
Tropical Weathering History Recorded in the Silicon Isotopes of Lateritic Weathering Profiles
Authors: Guinoiseau Damien , Fekiacova Zuzana , Allard Thierry , Druhan Jennifer L. , Balan Etienne , Bouchez Julien 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnder tropical climates, mineral assemblages composing lateritic weathering profiles offer precious records of past weathering conditions. Silicon (Si) isotope signatures in the clay fractions of a deep lateritic profile in central Amazonia, Brazil, in combination with previously determined kaolinite ages, suggest that the surrounding region underwent two major weathering episodes, distinct in their intensity. The first episode (ca. 35–20 Ma) of moderate intensity produced well‐crystallized kaolinites from the parent sediment with limited Si isotope fractionation. A more recent (8–6 Ma) and shorter phase caused the replacement, from top to bottom of the profile, of the first kaolinite generation by a new population characterized by higher crystallographic disorder and stronger Si isotope fractionation, suggesting weathering under conditions of rapid water percolation. These inferences are supported by results from an isotope‐enabled reactive transport model, and they are consistent with paleoclimatic and paleogeographic evidences recorded over the Amazon Basin.
How Sea Ice Drift Influences Sea Ice Area and Volume
Authors: Wagner T. J. W. , Eisenman I. , Mason H. C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEquatorward sea ice drift can have competing impacts on the sea ice cover. On one hand, as ice reaches warmer waters it will be subject to faster melt. On the other hand, the ice near the pole will thin, causing faster ice growth when air temperatures are below freezing. This prompts the fundamental question whether equatorward ice motion increases or decreases ice area and volume? We investigate this using an idealized climate model with a representation of sea ice thermodynamic processes and specified sea ice drift. We find that equatorward ice drift leads to consistent loss of ice volume. The impact of ice motion on ice area depends on seasonal factors and the background climate: When there is enough ice, equatorward ice motion slightly expands ice area. For thinner ice, however, motion during the melt season can create polynyas and cause substantial ice loss that persists throughout the year.
Low Velocity Zones in the Martian Upper Mantle Highlighted by Sound Velocity Measurements
Authors: Xu F. , Siersch N. C. , Gréaux S. , Rivoldini A. , Kuwahara H. , Kondo N. , Wehr N. , Menguy N. , Kono Y. , Higo Y. , Plesa A.‐C. , Badro J. , Antonangeli D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe InSight mission to Mars is currently monitoring the seismic activity of the planet. Interpretation of seismological observations in terms of composition and mineralogy requires the knowledge of density and thermo‐elastic properties of constituent materials at pertinent conditions. We thus performed phase equilibria experiments and carried out sound velocity and density measurements on aggregates representative of the Martian mantle over pressures and temperatures directly relevant for Mars’ upper and mid mantle. Our results indicate the stability of magnetite, although in a small amount, in phase assemblages at upper mantle conditions, especially in an oxidized environment. The measured pressure and temperature derivatives of compressional and shear velocities show that the temperature‐induced reduction of seismic wave speeds dominates over pressure‐induced effects at Mars' shallow mantle conditions for the predicted areotherms and, independently from mineralogy, support the presence of a low‐shear‐wave‐velocity layer between 150 and 350 km depth, in agreement with seismic observations.
Immediate Foreshocks Indicating Cascading Rupture Developments for 527 M 0.9 to 5.4 Ridgecrest Earthquakes
Authors: Meng Haoran , Fan Wenyuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding earthquake foreshocks is essential for deciphering earthquake rupture physics and can aid seismic hazard mitigation. With regional dense seismic arrays, we identify immediate foreshocks of 527 0.9 M 5.4 events of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, including 48 earthquakes with series of immediate foreshocks. These immediate foreshocks are adjacent to the mainshocks occurring within 100 s of the mainshocks, and their P waves share high resemblances with the mainshock P waves. However, attributes of the immediate‐foreshock P waves, including the amplitudes and preceding times, do not clearly scale with the mainshock magnitudes. Our observations suggest that earthquake rupture may initiate in a universal fashion but evolves stochastically. This indicates that earthquake rupture development is likely controlled by fine‐scale fault heterogeneities in the Ridgecrest fault system, and the final magnitude is the only difference between small and large earthquakes.
A Study of the Solar Wind Ion and Electron Measurements From the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission's Fast Plasma Investigation
Authors: Roberts O. W. , Nakamura R. , Coffey V. N. , Gershman D. J. , Volwerk M. , Varsani A. , Giles B. L. , Dorelli J. C. , Pollock C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe compare plasma measurements in the solar wind between the Magnetospheric MultiScale Mission's (MMS) Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) and those obtained near the Earth‐Sun L1 Lagrangian point from OMNI. FPI is an instrument designed to investigate plasma processes such as magnetic reconnection, acceleration, and turbulence. Since 2017, MMS supports solar wind campaigns where the plasma can have a higher Mach number, a cooler temperature, and a narrower beam compared with the MMS primary regions of interest. With FPI's firmware now optimized for these campaigns, the comparison with OMNI aids the interpretation of solar wind measurements. From these comparisons, we can make suggestions for both fast and burst‐survey telemetry modes. From fast mode intervals, we find first, that the FPI ion density can be lower than the OMNI proton density. However, the FPI electron density agrees well with the OMNI proton density. Second, due to the solar wind's cooler proton temperature and narrow‐angle, the FPI ion temperature is overestimated. Thus, using the OMNI proton temperature is suggested for plasma parameters such as the ion , the ratio of ion thermal to magnetic pressure. Third, the FPI ion velocity is well‐estimated when compared with the OMNI proton velocity. In burst mode, the ion density and temperature have similar characteristics but to a lesser degree. Spin effects observed in all these plasma moments in burst mode intervals are reduced with the methods discussed in this paper. The results are summarized in a table that includes linear fit parameters and their defined errors.
Fluid Pressure Diffusion in Fractured Media: The Role Played by the Geometry of Real Fractures
Authors: Lissa Simón , Barbosa Nicolás D. , Quintal Beatriz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWave‐induced fluid pressure diffusion (FPD) represents an important mechanism of seismic energy dissipation in fractured media. The associated effects on wave propagation are typically studied considering idealized fracture geometries. Here, we study fracture‐geometry‐related effects on FPD by numerically computing the frequency‐dependent and angle‐dependent seismic velocity and attenuation on models having fractures of realistic geometries. The geometry of the models is derived from microcomputed tomography images of a fractured Berea sandstone. By comparing the numerical results with those for an equivalent thin‐planar‐layer analytical model, we isolate fracture‐geometry effects. We found that discrepancies on the anisotropic behavior of P and S waves with respect to the simple analytical model are small except for the S wave attenuation. This is associated with the pressure gradients induced by S waves in fractures exhibiting a mild curvature. Part of this dissipation occurs inside the fracture, parallel to its walls, and is thus controlled by its permeability, which points to a possible perspective of inferring fracture hydraulic properties from S waves attenuation.