bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Don’t Japanese Early Childhood Educators Intervene in Children’s Physical Fights? Some Characteristics of the Mimamoru Approach
Authors: Nakatsubo Fuminori , Ueda Harutomo , Kayama Misa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This study aims to examine pedagogical meanings of the Mimamoru approach frequently used by Japanese early childhood educators in children’s physical fights. Mimamoru is a strategy in which educators intentionally withhold an intervention, while carefully observing children, to foster children’s voluntary participation in their own learning, socially and cognitively. In this report, we examine why Japanese educators tend not to intervene, and how they determine whether their intervention is necessary. Using methods from Tobin’s video cued multi-vocal ethnography, we conducted focus groups at 9 early childhood education and care facilities (7 in Japan and 2 in the U.S.) with a total of 34 Japanese and 12 U.S. educators. They watched a short video clip in which a mid-career male teacher, one of the Japanese participants, used the Mimamoru approach with two children involved in a physical fight. Educators, then, discussed their interpretations of the teacher’s responses to children. The analyses of participants’ discussion suggest that educators’ non-intervention, an important feature of the Mimamoru approach, provides children with opportunities to autonomously learn interpersonal skills, for example, through the experiences of feeling guilty and solving problems by themselves. Yet educators do intervene when they determine that the risk of physical harm caused by fighting is greater than the benefit for children to learn. Implications of the Mimamoru approach, including in other cultural contexts, are discussed.
Fractional-Order Delayed Ross-Macdonald Model for Malaria Transmission
Authors: Cui Xinshu , Xue Dingyu , Li Tingxue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel fractional-order delayed Ross-Macdonald model for malaria transmission. This paper aims to systematically investigate the effect of both the incubation periods of Plasmodium and the order on the dynamic behavior of diseases. Utilizing inequality techniques, contraction mapping theory, fractional linear stability theorem and bifurcation theory, several sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, local stability of the positive equilibrium point, and the existence of fractional-order Hopf bifurcation are obtained under different time delays cases. The results show that time delay can change the stability of the system. The system becomes unstable and generates a Hopf bifurcation when the delay increases to a certain value. Besides, the value of order influences the stability interval size. Thus, incubation periods and the order have a major effect on the dynamic behavior of the model. The effectiveness of the theoretical results is shown through numerical simulations.
Patellar Shape is Associated With Femoral Trochlear Morphology in Individuals with Mature Skeletal Development
Authors: Qiu Lanyu , Li Jia , Sheng Bo , Yang Haitao , Lv Fajin , Xiao Zhibo , Lv Furong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: As several studies have detected correlations between patellar and femoral trochlear development, this raises the question of whether patellar shape is associated with trochlear developmental outcomes.Methods: Patellar shape and femoral trochlear morphology were retrospectively analyzed in 240 subjects, of whom 80 each were classified as having Wiberg type I, II, and III patellae (groups A, B, and C, respectively). The sulcus angle (SA), lateral trochlea inclination angle (LTA), medial trochlear inclination angle (MTA), lateral facet length (LFL), medial facet length (MFL), lateral trochlear height (LTH), medial trochlear height (MTH), trochlea sulcus height (TH), and lateral-medial trochlear facet distance (TD) were analyzed as a means of evaluating trochlear morphology. Trochlear depth, trochlear condyle asymmetry, and trochlear facet asymmetry were additionally calculated, and differences in trochlear morphology and correlations between trochlear morphology and patellar shape were evaluated.Results: The femoral trochlear parameters of patients in group A differed significantly from those of patients in groups B and C. No significant differences between groups B and C were evident. Patellar shape was positively correlated with LTA, MTA, MFL, trochlear index trochlear condyle asymmetry, and trochlear facet asymmetry, and was negatively correlated with SA.Conclusions: These data indicated that patellar shape and trochlear morphology are related to one another. Relative to patients with Wiberg type II and III patellae, those with Wiberg type I patellae exhibited an increased trochlear inclination angle and a greater trochlear facet and condyle asymmetry, as well as a decreased SA.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
Community Perceptions and Experiences on the Events Leading to Facility Maternal Death; A Verbal Autopsy Qualitative Study
Authors: Said Ali , Malqvist Mats , Massawe Siriel , Hanson Claudia , Pembe Andrea B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BackgroundTanzania Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) system introduced in 2015 emphasizes review of facility maternal deaths with little community involvement. Involving the community in deaths enquiry can help to make better strategies to prevent future deaths. We aimed to explore family members (caregivers) perceptions and experiences on the events leading to facility maternal deaths to inform future community involvement in MDSRMethodsNarrative interviews were conducted with 20 caregivers who cared for women who died in childbirth to investigate into delays and health care seeking experience. The unstructured questions on perceptions and experiences of events leading to death were administered together with standard verbal autopsy questionnaire. Two regions, Lindi and Mtwara of Southern Tanzania were selected for the study in 2018. Narrative thematic analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsThree main themes evolved: ‘Prepared for birth but not ready for complications’, ‘Disconnect between caregivers and providers’ and ‘The bitter impact of maternal deaths’. Caregivers made efforts to prepare for birth but their preparation were severely inadequate when complications that necessitated referral occurred. Decision to seek care was made jointly between the pregnant woman, husband and other family members. Caregivers tried with little success in communicating with heath providers regarding their admitted patients. They also experienced emotions of grief such as denial, anger, depression, bargaining and acceptance once maternal deaths occurred. Caregivers (mostly old women) were left with the burden of caring for the newborns and other children left by the deceased mother. ConclusionCaregivers` perceptions and experiences of maternal deaths events provide valuable information for community interventions on birth preparedness, decision making, communication and providers` accountability. Maternal deaths bring far reaching mental, social and economic consequences to the family and society
Milling Inconel 718 Workpiece With Cryogenically Treated And Untreated Cutting Tools
Authors: Gürbüz Hüseyin , Baday Şehmus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although Inconel 718 is an important material for modern aircraft and aerospace, it is a kind material, which is known to have low machinability. Especially, while these types of materials are machined, high cutting temperatures, BUE on cutting tool, high cutting forces and work hardening occur. Therefore, in recent years, instead of producing new cutting tools that can withstand these difficult conditions, cryogenic process, which is a heat treatment method to increase the wear resistance and hardness of the cutting tool, has been applied. In this experimental study, feed force, surface roughness, vibration, cutting tool wear, hardness and abrasive wear values that occurred as a result of milling of Inconel 718 material by means of cryogenically treated and untreated cutting tools were investigated. Three different cutting speeds (35-45-55 m/min) and three different feed rates (0.02-0.03-0.04 mm/tooth) at constant depth of cut (0.2 mm) were used as cutting parameters in the experiments. As a result of the experiments, lower feed forces, surface roughness, vibration and cutting tool wear were obtained with cryogenically treated cutting tools. As the feed rate and cutting speed were increased, it was seen that surface roughness, vibration and feed force values increased. At the end of the experiments, it was established that there was a significant relation between vibration and surface roughness. However, there appeared an inverse proportion between abrasive wear and hardness values. While BUE did not occur during cryogenically treated cutting tools, it was observed that BUE occurred in cutting tools which were not cryogenically treated.
Willingness of The COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Cross-Sectional Study of Community Residents in China
Authors: Wan Xiao , Jia Ruiying , Lu Guangli , Chen Chaoran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought great disaster to the world. Vaccination for COVID-19 is one of the most important preventative measures to reduce the disease transmission. Our study aims to estimate residents’ willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination and its influencing factors in the general adult population in Chinese community.
Methods

3000 questionnaires were posted from December,2020 to January,2021 to residents in Kaifeng with 89.60% response rate. Results of the 2688 respondents on their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine were analyzed.
Results

89.06% of respondents were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine if vaccines were available. People who were 46–59 years old (OR = 0.311; 95% CI: 0.188–0.512), often live in the town (OR = 3.979; 95% CI: 2.473–6.402) and pay attention to the development of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 0.301; 95% CI: 0.203–0.447), and agreeing that the COVID-19 vaccine can prevent COVID-19 (OR = 0.106; 95% CI: 0.050–0.224) were significantly associated with their willingness to accept receive COVID-19 vaccination.
Conclusion

A high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination had been shown among Chinese residents although it was not during the pandemic period, while concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness might hinder the promotion of vaccine uptake.
A LED Light for Photo-Inducible Cell Ablation by miniSOG
Authors: Li Xiao , Kuai Bo , Yu Bin , Tu Xikai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Photosensitizer MiniSOG (mini-singlet oxygen generator), a green fluorescent flavoprotein, can be used to kill cells in a spatially and temporally regulated manner according to a chosen promoter when it is fused with the target cells. However, it needs 470nm blue light excitation to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) to work. In the past, researchers usually used fluorescence microscope to generate light, which wasted the lab resources and influenced other experiments. Here, we developed a homemade light emitting diode (LED) light for photo-inducible cell ablation by photosensitizers. The LED light consisted of six groups of lamps, and it could illuminate a plurality of culture dish drawers simultaneously with different light intensities. In order to watch the efficacy of cell ablation, confocal imaging, behavioral, calcium imaging and electrophysiology experiments have been performed on C. elegans. Most of neurons related with forward movements have been ablated after dozens of minutes light irradiation. The worms can only move backward with wriggled body, and the calcium oscillation increases in reverse movement motor neurons. The whole frequency and amplitude of miniature postsynaptic currents (PSCs) in body wall muscle decrease because of death of some neurons. These experimental results verified that the LED light was useful and convenient. This study provides a method for high-throughput cell ablation experiments.
Berberine Modulates Lupus Syndrome via the Regulation of Gut Microbiota in MRL/Lpr Mice
Authors: Bao Yanfeng , Wu Yeqing , Chen Tian , Jin Yi , Sha Xiaoqi , Ge Xingyu , Meng Yan , Guo Genkai , Xia Yunfei , Yang Junling , Sun Chi , Dong Chen , Ji Juan , Xue Zhonghui , Gu Zhifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Intestinal flora disorder and immune abnormalities have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Few researches indicated the intestinal status in Chinese SLE patients. Berberine (BBR) showed significant effects on regulating the intestinal flora, repairing gut barriers and regulating immune cells. This study mainly explored intestinal flora and metabolites in local Chinese SLE patients and the influence of BBR to MRL/Lpr mice.
Methods

16S high-throughput sequence and gas chromatographic technique were used to analyzed the intestinal flora and metabolites in SLE patients. MRL/Lpr mice were oral treated with BBR in low, medium and high dosages for 6 weeks. Urine protein was monitored. After the procedure, gintestinal status of MRL/Lpr mice were analyzed like human. A wide range of autoantibodies were tested. Kidney tissue was analyzed for C3, IgG and IgM expressions and colon tissue was analyzed for gut barrier markers. Flow cytometry determined the immune cells.
Results

Dysbacteriosis and abnormal metabolism influenced the Chinese lupus pathogenesis. BBR treatment reduced the urine protein, inhibited the auto-antibodies and ameliorated lupus nephritis (LN) in MRL/Lpr mice. In addition, BBR altered the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Verrucomicrobia and the butyric acid content in colon of MRL/Lpr mice. The increase of tight junction protein also indicated that the gut barrier was repaired by BBR. Treg and Tfr cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were increased.
Conclusions

These results revealed a therapeutic effect of berberine on SLE from gut microbiota to immune status.
HIF-1-Dependent Heme Synthesis Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance In Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Via Enhanced ABCB6 Expression
Authors: Xiang Lisha , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Yongsheng , Lan Jie , Na Feifei , Wu Shuang , Gong Yuzhu , Shao Bin , Xie Ganfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Gemcitabine, a deoxycytidine analogue, is commonly used in the treatment of various types of tumors, including human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, even the initial responders rapidly develop acquired resistance which limits our ability to effectively treat advanced NSCLC. The present study reports a widely prevalent mechanism of resistance to gemcitabine in NSCLC, whereby induced expression of ABCB6 is associated with poor prognosis and gemcitabine resistance in human NSCLCs which is in a HIF-1-dependent manner.Methods: We established gemcitabine resistant LUSC and LUAD cells and examined ABCB6 expression as well as heme synthesis in these cells. Additionally, we analyzed catalase protein expression and activity in gemcitabine resistant NSCLC cell lines. To validate ABCB6 gene as an HRE, we performed ChIP-qPCR assay. We also investigated the effect of inhibition of HIF-α/ABCB6 axis in vitro and in vivo.Results: The activation of HIF-1α/ABCB6 signaling leading to intracellular heme metabolic reprogramming and a corresponding increase in heme biosynthesis to enhance the activation and accumulation of catalase. Increased levels of catalase diminish the effective levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoting gemcitabine-based resistance. Targeting HIF-1α or ABCB6, in combination with gemcitabine, strongly restrains tumor proliferation, increases tumor cell apoptosis and prolongs animal survival.Conclusion: In combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, targeting HIF-1α/ABCB6 signaling could result in enhanced tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agent and may improve outcome in NSCLCs.
The Corrosive Improvement with High Temperature Laser Surface Treatment of AA7075
Authors: Su Ruiming , Wang Lei , Wang Kaining , Li Guanglong , Qu Yingdong , Li Rongde 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
a recently developed AA7075 was subjected to solid solution, high temperature laser surface treatment and artificial aging. The microstructure evolution and precipitation behavior were examined, and their effects on corrosion behavior and corrosion cracking were analyzed. The results show that the coarse η phase disappears and a large number of smaller η phases are formed after high temperature laser surface treatment. Most of the phases dissolved into Al matrix during solution, a fine η phase precipitated in laser treatment. η′ appeared in the high temperature laser surface treatment samples. It was concluded that reasonable laser scanning power owned the best corrosion resistance, lower intergranular corrosion tendency. Both lower laser scan power and higher scan power samples were susceptible to the intergranular corrosion, and the intergranular cracking was observed. In contrary, the reasonable sample which the laser power is 1000W showed much better corrosion resistance due to the coarsening and separation of grain boundary precipitations.
Discontinuation of tuberculosis treatment among children in the Kampala Capital City Authority health facilities: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kibirige Leonard , Izudi Jonathan , Okoboi Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Discontinuation of tuberculosis treatment (DTT) among children in sub-Saharan Africa is a major obstacle to effective tuberculosis (TB) control and has the potential to worsen the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB and death. DTT in children is understudied in Uganda. We examined the level and factors associated with DTT among children at four large health facilities in Kampala Capital City Authority and documented the reasons for DTT from treatment supporters and healthcare provider perspectives. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of records for children <15 years diagnosed and treated for TB between January 2018 and December 2019. We held focus group discussions with treatment supporters and key informant interviews with healthcare providers. We defined DTT as the stoppage of TB treatment for 30 or more consecutive days. We used a stepwise generalized linear model to assess factors independently associated with DTT and content analysis for the qualitative data reported using sub-themes. Results: Of 312 participants enrolled, 35 (11.2%) had discontinued TB treatment. The reasons for DTT included lack of privacy at healthcare facilities for children with TB and their treatment supporters, the disappearance of TB symptoms following treatment initiation, poor implementation of the community-based directly observed therapy short-course (CB-DOTS) strategy, insufficient funding to the TB program, and frequent stock-outs of TB drugs. DTT was more likely during the continuation phase of TB treatment compared to the intensive phase (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 5.22; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.76-17.52) and when the treatment supporter was employed compared to when the treatment supporter was unemployed (aOR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.34-11.38). Conclusion: Many children with TB discontinue TB treatment and this might exacerbate TB morbidity and mortality. Treatment supporters of children with TB should be provided with detailed and consistent health education messages about TB treatment duration, the benefits of treatment completion, and risks of treatment discontinuation. The district and national TB control programs should address gaps in funding to TB care and the supply of TB drugs.
Superiority of OxyMask™ with Less Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing in Children
Authors: Ogiwara Shigetoshi , Tamura Takuya , Sai Shuji , Nojima Masanori , Kawana Shin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite the growing importance of oxygen-delivery devices worldwide, there are only a few reports of physiological data on various oxygen masks in children. OxyMask KidTM (Southmedic Inc. Canada; hereafter OxyMask) is expected to reduce carbon dioxide rebreathing even at low oxygen flow rates because of its structural features. Biological data using OxyMask in children have not been well investigated. Measured respiratory parameters of OxyMask with those of a simple oxygen mask in healthy children were compared. Ten subjects were enrolled, with a median age of 5.4 years. All of them used both OxyMask and a simple oxygen mask. The fraction of inspiratory oxygen (FIO2), partial pressure of inspiratory carbon dioxide (PICO2), and partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured using a side-stream gas-sampling monitor in all subjects. The oxygen-flow rate was set at 1, 3, 5, and 10 L/min. FIO2 levels were higher with OxyMask than with the simple oxygen mask at 3L/min of oxygen. PICO2 levels were significantly lower with OxyMask than with the simple oxygen mask (1.5 mmHg vs. 3.7 mmHg at 1 L/min, P = .005; 1.0 mmHg vs. 2.7 mmHg at 3 L/min, P = .005, respectively), whereas PICO2 levels were higher at low oxygen-flow rates with both masks. ConclusionOur results showed that higher FIO2 and less CO2 rebreathing were achieved with OxyMask than with a simple oxygen mask at low-flow rates of oxygen in healthy children.
Event-Triggered Compound Learning Tracking Control of Nonstrict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems in Sensor-to-Controller Channel
Authors: Deng Yingjie , Ni Tao , Wang Jiantao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the event-triggered tracking control of the nonstrict-feedback nonlinear system with the time-varying disturbances. While the fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) serve as the approximators to the unknown dynamics, the compound disturbance is comprised of the time-varying disturbance and the approximation error of the FLS. An event-triggered compound learning algorithm is originally developed to accurately estimate the total uncertainties. By referring to an event-triggered adaptive model, the control laws are derived without provoking the problem of "algebraic loop", seeing Remark 3. The command filters are employed to generate the continuous substitutes for both the virtual control laws and their derivatives, so as to solve the recently proposed problem of "jumps of virtual control laws" arising in the backstepping-based event-triggered control (ETC) that functions in the channel of sensor to controller. The triggering condition is constructed to guarantee the similarity between the adaptive model and the original system. While the satisfactory learning performance of the FLSs and the compound disturbances estimation are maintained, the proposed control scheme can guarantee the semi-globally uniformly ultimate boundedness (SGUUB) of all the tracking errors. Finally, a numerical experiment is carried out to exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.