bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young adults with a history of transient psychotic experiences: findings from a population-based study
Authors: Coughlan Helen , Walton-Ball Erin , Carey Eleanor , Healy Colm , O’Regan-Murphy Grace , Uidhir Aoife Nic , Clarke Mary , Cannon Mary 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPsychotic experiences (PEs) are not uncommon in young people and are associated with both psychopathology and compromised global functioning. Although psychotic experiences are transient (short-lived, self-resolving and non-recurring) for most people who report them, few studies have examined the association between early transient PEs and later functioning in population samples. Additionally, studies using self-report measures of interpersonal and educational/ vocational difficulties are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood. Methods Participants were 103 young people from a longitudinal population-based study cohort of mental health in Ireland. They attended for baseline clinical interviews in childhood (age 11-13) and were followed up in young adulthood (age 19-25). Participants who reported psychotic experiences at baseline but not at follow-up were classified as having transient psychotic experiences. Data from both time-points were used to examine the association between transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/ vocational difficulties in young adulthood using poisson regression modelling.Results Young people with a history of transient psychotic experiences reported significantly higher interpersonal (adj IRR: 1.83, 95%ileCI: 1.10- 3.02, p = .02) and educational/vocational (adj IRR: 2.28, 95%ileCI: 1.43- 3.64, p = .001) difficulties during adolescence. However, no significant differences in interpersonal (adj IRR: 0.49, 95%ileCI: 0.10-2.30, p = .37) or educational/vocational (adj IRR: 0.88, 95%ileCI: 0.37-2.08, p = .77) difficulties were found in young adulthood. Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young people both with and without a history of transient psychotic experiences decreased between adolescence and young adulthood.ConclusionsYoung people with transient psychotic experiences have increased interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence but these may not persist into the young adult years. This finding indicates that early psychotic experiences may not confer high risk for long-term interpersonal or educational/vocational deficits among young people who experience these phenomena transiently.
Predicting the Incidence of COVID-19 Using Data Mining
Authors: Ahouz Fatemeh , Golabpour Amin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of COVID-19 has made it a new pandemic. Predicting both its prevalence and incidence throughout the world is crucial to help health professionals make key decisions. In this study, we aim to predict the incidence of COVID-19 within a two-week period to better manage the disease.
Methods: The COVID-19 datasets provided by Johns Hopkins University, contain information on COVID-19 cases in different geographic regions since January 22 and are updated daily. Data from 252 such regions were analyzed as of March 29, 2020, with 17,136 records and 4 variables, namely latitude, longitude, date, and records. In order to design the incidence pattern for each geographic region, the information was utilized on the region and its neighboring areas gathered two weeks prior to the designing. Then, a model was developed to predict the incidence rate for the coming two weeks via a Least-Square Boosting Classification algorithm.
Results: The model was presented for three groups based on the incidence rate: less than 200, between 200 to 1000, and above 1000. The model evaluation error rates were 4.71%, 8.54%, and 6.13%, respectively. Also, comparing the forecast results with the actual values in the period in question showed that the proposed model predicted the number of globally confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a very high accuracy of 98.45%.
Conclusion: Using data from different geographical regions within a country and discovering the pattern of prevalence in a region and its neighboring areas, our boosting-based model was able to accurately predict the incidence of COVID-19 within a two-week period.
Breastfeeding knowledge of mothers in protracted crises: The Gaza Strip example
Authors: Iellamo Alessandro , Monaghan Emily , Moghany Samar AL , Latham Jonathan , Nassereddin Nihal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to prevent child morbidity and mortality in all contexts. During Palestine-Israel conflict that started in the middle of the 20 th century, healthcare services are understaffed and lack basic resources, with frequent power cuts and stock-outs of essential drugs and equipment. This case study seeks to answer the questions: (1) How does the protracted crisis in Gaza affect the breastfeeding practices of the most vulnerable population; and (2) What is the role that midwives can play in improving breastfeeding practices? A mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) study was used to collect data. A total of 1044 respondents had a child less than 24 months at the time of the study. A total of 62.75 percent practice early initiation of breastfeeding and 42 percent confirmed that their new-borns were given liquids other than breast milk during the first three days of life. Fifty percent of mothers addressed breast milk insufficiency by drinking additional fluids and 40 percent by using infant formula. Discussion: This study confirms the need to a) implement the IYCF-E operational guidance in the Gaza strip and b) review the pre-service and in-service training for midwives. For vulnerable populations in humanitarian contexts, the impact of this cannot be underestimated. Conducting research in humanitarian settings is particularly challenging. Our experience included integration and linkage with international organizations security officers on the ground, co-ordination of activities with authorities and communities, regular supportive supervision during data collection, allocation of buffer days and geographical areas and in-country and remote assistance to data collection teams Conclusions: This research focuses on a protracted emergency in insecure populated areas. The unpredictable security situation meant that the team adopted a flexible approach during data collection. Lessons learned throughout this process include the importance of a) allocating additional research time, to account for potential interruption b) daily coordination with security officers to ensure safe access to localities c) identification of extra sites, in case escalation of conflict d) training of additional enumerators in case conflict escalation e) negotiation with authorities to ensure compliance with requirements.
Modeling of suppression and mitigation interventions in the COVID-19 epidemics
Authors: Han YueXing , Xie ZeYang , Guo YiKe , Wang Bing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become the most fundamental threat to humanealth. In the absence of vaccines and effective therapeutical solutions, non-pharmaceutic interventions have become a major way for controlling the epidemics. Soft mitigation interventions are able to slow down the epidemic but not to halt it well. While strict suppression interventions are efficient for controlling the epidemics, long-term measures are likely to have negative impacts on economics and people’s daily lives. Hence, dynamically balancing the interventions of suppression and mitigation plays a fundamental role in manipulating the epidemic curves.Methods: We collected data of the number of infections for several countries during the COVID-19 pandemics and found a clear phenomenon of periodic waves of infections. Based on the observation, by connecting the infection level with the medical resources and a tolerance parameter, we propose a mathematical model by combining intervention measures to understand the epidemic dynamics.Results: Depending on the parameters of the medical resources, tolerance level, and the starting time of interventions, the combined intervention measure dynamically changes with the infection level, resulting in a periodic wave of infections con-trolled within an accepted level. The study reveals that, (a) with an immediate, strict suppression, the number of infections and deaths is well controlled with a significant reduction in very short time period; (b) an appropriate, dynamical combination of suppression and mitigation may find a feasible way in reducing the impacts of epidemics on people’s lives and economics.Conclusions: While the assumption of interventions deployed with a cycle of period in the model is limited and unrealistic, the phenomenon of periodic waves of infections in reality is captured by our model. These results provide helpful insights for policy-makers to dynamically deploy an appropriate intervention strategy to effectively battle against the COVID-19.
Nomogram for Prediction of fatal outcome in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Yang Yun , Zhu Xiaofei , Huang Jian , Chen Cui , Zheng Yang , He Wei , Zhao Linghao , Gao Qian , Huang Xuanxuan , Fu Lijuan , Zhang Yu , Chang Yanqin , Zhang Huojun , Lu Zhijie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background & Aims: To develop an effective model of predicting fatalOutcome in the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods: Between February 20, 2020 and April 4, 2020, consecutive COVID-19 patients from three designated hospitals were enrolled in this study. Independent high- risk factors associated with death were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard model. A prognostic nomogram was constructed to predict the survival of severe COVID-19 patients.Results: There were 124 severe patients in the training cohort, and there were 71 and 76 severe patients in the two independent validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that age ≥ 70 years (HR 1.184, 95% CI 1.061-1.321), Panting(breathing rate ≥ 30/min) (HR 3.300, 95% CI 2.509-6.286), lymphocyte count < 1.0 × 109/L (HR 2.283, 95% CI 1.779-3.267), and IL-6 >10pg/mL (HR 3.029, 95% CI 1.567-7.116) were independent high-risk factors associated with fatal outcome. We developed the nomogram for identifying survival of severe COVID-19 patients in the training cohort (AUC 0.900, [95% CI 0.841-0.960], sensitivity 95.5%, specificity 77.5%); in validation cohort 1 (AUC 0.811, [95% CI 0.763-0.961], sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 73.5); in validation cohort 2 (AUC 0.862, [95% CI 0.698-0.924], sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 64.5%). The calibration curve for probability of death indicated a good consistence between prediction by the nomogram and the actual observation. The prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients with high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) receiving tocilizumab was better than that of those patients without tocilizumab both in the training and validation cohorts, but without difference (p = 0.105 for training cohort, p = 0.133 for validation cohort 1, and p = 0.210 for validation cohort 2).Conclusions: This nomogram could help clinicians to identify severe patients who have high risk of death, and to develop more appropriate treatment strategies to reduce the mortality of severe patients. Tocilizumab may improve the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients with high levels of IL-6.
Working conditions and health status of 6,317 front line public health workers across five provinces in China during the COVID-19 epidemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Jinghua , Xu Jingdong , Zhou Huan , You Hua , Wang Xiaohui , Li Yan , Liang Yuan , Li Shan , Ma Lina , Zeng Jing , Cai Huanle , Xie Jinzhao , Pan Chenghao , Hao Chun , Gilmour Stuart , Lau Joseph Tak-fai , Hao Yuantao , Xu Dong Roman , Gu Jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Public health workers at the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) and primary health care institutes (PHIs) were among the main workers who implemented prevention, control, and containment measures. However, their efforts and health status have not been well documented. We aimed to investigate the working conditions and health status of front line public health workers in China during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: Between 18 February and 1 March 2020, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey of 2,313 CDC workers and 4,004 PHI workers in five provinces across China experiencing different scales of COVID-19 epidemic. We surveyed all participants about their work conditions, roles, burdens, perceptions, mental health, and self-rated health using a self-constructed questionnaire and standardised measurements (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire and General Anxiety Disorder scale). To examine the independent associations between working conditions and health outcomes, we used multivariate regression models controlling for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and poor self-rated health was 21.3%, 19.0%, and 9.8%, respectively, among public health workers (27.1%, 20.6%, and 15.0% among CDC workers and 17.5%, 17.9%, and 6.8% among PHI workers). The majority (71.6%) made immense efforts in both field and non-field work. Nearly 20.0% have worked all night for more than 3 days, and 45.3% had worked throughout the Chinese New Year holiday. Three risk factors and two protective factors were found to be independently associated with all three health outcomes in our final multivariate models: working all night for >3 days (multivariate odds ratio [ORm]=1.67~1.75, p<0.001), concerns about infection at work (ORm=1.46~1.89, p<0.001), perceived troubles at work (ORm=1.10~1.28, p<0.001), initiating COVID-19 prevention work after January 23 (ORm=0.78~0.82, p=0.002~0.008), and ability to persist for > 1 month at the current work intensity (ORm=0.44~0.55, p<0.001).Conclusions: Chinese public health workers made immense efforts and personal sacrifices to control the COVID-19 epidemic and faced the risk of mental health problems. Efforts are needed to improve the working conditions and health status of public health workers and thus maintain their morale and effectiveness during the fight against COVID-19.
Family function fully mediates the relationship between social support and perinatal depression in rural Southwest China
Authors: Huang Yilin , Liu Yan , Wang Yu , Liu Danping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Perinatal depression is the most common complication of gestation and childbearing affecting women and their families, and good social support and family function are considered the protective and modifiable factors. This study aimed to investigate the depression status and explore inter-relationships between social support and perinatal depression considering the influence of family function in rural areas of Southwest China.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The following instruments were used: the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the APGAR Family Care Index Scale, and the Social Support Rate Scale. A structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis relationships among the variables. Results: A total of 490 rural antenatal (N=249) and postpartum(N=241) women (age: 28.17± 5.12) participated. We found that the prevalence of depression symptoms was 10.4%. Path analysis showed that family function had a direct negative correlation with depression (β =-0.251, 95%CI: -0.382 to -0.118). Social support had a direct positive correlation with family function (β =0.293, 95%CI: 0.147 to 0.434) and had an indirect negative correlation with depression (β =-0.074, 95%CI: -0.139 to -0.032), family function fully mediated the relationship between social support and depression. Conclusions: Findings of this study highlight that family function should be considered as the key target for interventions aiming to lower the prevalence of perinatal depression. Family members interventions are critical to reduce depression among antenatal and postpartum women.
Assessing Fidelity to Family-Based Treatment: An Exploratory Examination of Expert, Therapist, Parent, and Peer Ratings
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Kimber Melissa , Barwick Melanie , McVey Gail , Findlay Sheri , Webb Cheryl , Niccols Alison , Lock James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Fidelity is an essential component for evaluating the clinical and implementation outcomes related to delivery of evidence-based practices (EBPs). Effective measurement of fidelity requires clinical buy-in, and as such, requires a process that is not burdensome for clinicians and managers. As part of a larger implementation study, we examined fidelity to Family-Based Treatment (FBT) measured by several different raters including an expert, a peer, therapists themselves, and parents, with a goal of determining a pragmatic, reliable and efficient method to capture treatment fidelity to FBT. Methods: Each therapist audio-recorded at least one FBT case and submitted recordings from session 1, 2, and 3 from phase 1, plus one additional session from phase 1, two sessions from phase 2, and one session from phase 3. These submitted files were rated by an expert and a peer rater using a validated FBT fidelity measure. As well, therapists and parents rated fidelity immediately following each session and submitted ratings to the research team. Inter-observer reliability was calculated for each item using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), comparing the expert ratings to ratings from each of the other raters (parents, therapists, and peer). Mean scale scores were compared using repeated measures ANOVA.Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed that agreement was the best between expert and peer, with excellent, good, or fair agreement in 7 of 13 items from session 1, 2 and 3. There were only four such values when comparing expert to parent agreement, and two such values comparing expert to therapist ratings. The rest of the ICC values indicated poor agreement. Scale level analysis indicated that expert fidelity ratings for phase 1 treatment sessions scores were significantly higher than the peer ratings and, that parent fidelity ratings tended to be significantly higher than the other raters across all three treatment phases. There were no significant differences between expert and therapist mean scores.Conclusions: There may be challenges inherent in parents rating fidelity accurately. Peer rating or therapist self-rating may be considered pragmatic, efficient, and reliable approaches to fidelity assessment for real-world clinical settings.
Epidemiologic characteristics and double-buffered strategy for patients in orthopedic surgery during the novel coronavirus outbreak: Wuhan's experience
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ming Jianghua , Liu Shiqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this article is to summarize the epidemiologic characteristics and double-buffered strategy for patients in orthopedic surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, based on our own experience in our hospital. Methods: A retrospective and comparative study was performed to identify all inpatients at our clinic from February 17, 2020 to April 20, 2020 (epidemic group), and from February 17, 2019 to April 20, 2019 (control group). Epidemiologic characteristics, screening effect, perioperative complications, and nosocomial infection were analyzed. Results: In the epidemic group, 82 patients were identified, a decrease by 76.0% than the 342 patients in the same period in the 2019. Patients in the epidemic group (54.6 ± 20.2 years) were older than those in the control group (49.6 ± 22.5 years). For the epidemic group, the proportion rates of traumatic factures (69.5%) and low-energy injuries (86.0%) were higher than that in the control group, respectively (35.4% and 37.2%). The preoperative waiting time (7.0 ± 2.6 days) in the epidemic group was longer than that in the control group (4.5 ± 2.1 days). The postoperative complication rate (12.2%) in the epidemic group was higher than that in the control group (3.5%). No nosocomial infection of orthopedic staff and patients with COVID-19 was noted in the epidemic group.Conclusion: During the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, orthopedic inpatients showed unique epidemiological characteristics. The double-buffered strategy could effectively avoid nosocomial infections among medical staff and patients. Doctors should fully evaluate the perioperative risks and complications.
Comparison of carbon footprint and net ecosystem carbon budget under organic materials retention combined with reduced mineral fertilizer
Authors: Liu Ying , Tang Haiying , Smith Pete , Zhong Chuan , Huang Guoqin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Excessive application of chemical fertilizer has resulted in lower nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of crops, decreasing soil fertility, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and worse environment pollution. Organic material retention is regard as the key to solve these problems. he objective of this study is to conduct an assessment of carbon budget under Astragalus sinicus L. and rice straw retention combined with reduced mineral fertilizer based on the two-year field experiment in a paddy field in the south of China. The experiment was randomized complete block design including four treatments with triplicates: control CK (winter follow, 120 kg ha-1 N fertilizer for each rice season) and three treatments with Astragalus sinicus L. and rice straw retention named RA, RB, and RC (reduced N fertilizer by 15%, 27.5%, and 40% in each rice season). Results: Treatments RA, RB, and RC increased greenhouse gases emissions by 9.30%~101.25%, among which CH4 accounted for more than 60%; Carbon input of crops from treatments RA, RB, and RC increased by 2.25%~12.10% compared with control CK over the two years. Though treatments RA, RB, and RC enhanced CO2 emissions, however, treatment RB decreased carbon footprint and became carbon sink.Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that treatment RB (Astragalus sinicus L. and rice straw retention with reduced N fertilizer by 27.5%) is better in reducing chemical fertilizer amount, increasing crop yield and carbon input, which is more conductive to sustainable development of agriculture.