bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunotropic effects of vitamin D3 in original rectal suppositories in experimental ulcerative colitis
Authors: Osikov M. V. , Boyko M. S. , Simonyan E. V. , Ushakova V. A. 
Published: June 2021

Increased incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prerequisite for searching new therapeutic approaches, primarily with an opportunity of site-directed impact on the colon lesion. UC pathogenesis is associated with dysregulated immune response, and limited effectiveness of basic therapy for the disorder. Vitamin D3 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and other properties, it has been shown to be effective in some autoimmune diseases, thus prompting us to study its effect on immune status in UC. We aimed for studying the effect of vitamin D3, as a component of original rectal suppositories, upon clinical course and indexes of immune status in experimental UC. UC in rats was modeled with 3% oxazolone solution. The vitamin D3-containing suppositories (1500 IU) weighing 300 mg were administered per rectum every 12 hours for 6 days. On days 2, 4 and 6 of UC, the clinical features were assessed as well as blood leukocyte counts, numbers of CD3+, CD45RA+; absorbing and NBT-reducing abilities of blood neutrophils were determined; IgM, IgG, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in serum were also studied.The DAI index increased in non-treated UC, along with raised neutrophil numbers in blood, their absorption and NBT-reducing activity was also increased, the total number of lymphocytes, including CD3+, CD45RA+became higher, serum concentrations of IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 increased. Local use of vitamin D3 in UC reduces DAI parameters, causes decrease in blood neutrophil counts, reducing and partially restoring absorptive and NBT-reducing abilities of neutrophils, decline of total lymphocyte counts in blood, partially restoring the CD3+and CD45RA+ numbers, causing decline and partial restoration of serum IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 concentrations. An association between clinical signs and indexes of immune status in UC was established under the conditions of vitamin D3 use. Conclusions: The protective effect of vitamin D3 in UC can be mediated by its antioxidant effect, changes in production of immunoregulatory cytokines, modulation of Th1-, Th2-, Th17-dependent reactions and Treg activity, being a pre-requisite for further studies to clarify the mechanism of vitamin D3 immunotropic action in UC,with an opportunity of using it in clinical practice.
Recent achievements in CAR-T cell immunotherapy for glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Timofeeva S. V. , Sitkovskaya A. O. , Novikova I. A. , Ezhova M. A. , Lysenko E. P. , Kit O. I. 
Published: June 2021

Glioblastoma remains the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor today. Because of the neuroanatomical location of glioblastoma, conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have limited efficacy in patients with these tumors. Over the past decade, antitumor immunotherapy has become widespread among modern therapeutic approaches. The importance of immunotherapeutic methods lies in their ability to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment and prevent relapses by enhancing the systemic and local immune response against tumor cells.One of the most promising directions in modern immunotherapy is CAR-T therapy, or adoptive cell therapy using genetically modified T-lymphocytes. The functional advantage of CAR-T therapy is its ability to genetically modify lymphocytes, leading to their activation in vitro.This review examines the key principles of CAR-T therapy and analyzes the published results of clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma using several modifications of CAR-T cells.
SELF-CARE ACTIVITIES OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE
Authors: Ali Sideeq 
Published: June 2021

Background
Self-Care activities of hemodialysis patients are very important on a daily base, which improve their health and prevent them from complications and illness. This practice was the best practice that used since Orem’s nursing theory until now to improve all sides of patients.
Objectives
This study aims to assess the level of Self-Care activities and determines the association factors affecting their activity among hemodialysis patients.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 242 patients that maintain on the hemodialysis treatment in Erbil City from November 2019 to April 2020, by using interview questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS Program version 23 involved descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, and chi-square tests.
Results
More than half of the participants (55.4%) were in the older adult age group, male (52.5%), illiterate (53.7%), and live in the urban area (54.5%). The majority of them were married (72.3%) and poor income (76%). Highly percentage were non- smokers (94.6%), 88.8% were with chronic diseases and hypertension (72.7%). 50.4% of them time duration of hemodialysis treatment was between 1 year to 4 years. Most of the participants (70.2%) sometimes they were done self-care activities. Dependency of self-care activities was significantly higher associated with all the variables of socioeconomic (P <0.001) except with sex, however, there was no significant association with all the variables of clinical data except with associated disease of Chronic Renal Failure, the existence of heart disease and with a duration of hemodialysis treatment.
Conclusion
In general, hemodialysis patients sometimes can perform self-care activities. Dependency of self-care activities was highly significantly associated with the majority of socioeconomic variables and with the few parts of the clinical variable. Hemodialysis patients need their self-care activities for improving their health and well-being continually.
EVALUATION OF WOUND DRESSING PRACTICE AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN SULAIMANI SURGICAL TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Hamawandi Nizar , Ahamad Barzan 
Published: June 2021

Background
Wound dressing is a clinical procedure mostly undertaking by nursing staffs that require excellent skills and knowledge. Effective wound dressing promotes wound healing and leads to early discharge and saving costs.
Objectives
To evaluate wound dressing practices among Health Care Providers and find out the relationship between the practices and the socio-demographic characteristics of Health Care Providers.
Methods
A prospective observational descriptive study was conducted at Sulaimani Surgical Teaching Hospital, from November 17th, 2018 to November 17th, 2019. A purposive “non-probability” sample of 37 Health Care Providers was taken from the wards of general, orthopedic and urological surgery. Data were collected through the use of direct observation. Data were analyzed with SPSS 25 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25), through the application of descriptive statistical analysis including frequency and percentage, the application of inferential statistics including the mean of score, percentage and ANOVA test.
Results
The majority of the Health Care Providers were males (54.1%), with an age group 41 years and over (48.6%), secondary nursing school graduate (37.8%), having less than 10 years of experience (37.8%), married (10.8%), from the general surgical department (67.6%) and participating in training sessions (67.6%). There were no significant relationship between the nurse's gender, working place, level of education, participating in training sessions and their practices, but there were significant relationship between the nurse's age, years of experience and their practices.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated a practice deficit in most items of wound dressing practice regarding the preparation of the patients applying wound dressing technique and post wound dressing care. Special training sessions must be arranged for the health care providers, developing special forms for nursing documentation for wound dressing.
GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC AND RISK STRATIFICATION STUDY OF 109 CASES IN SULAYMANIYAH CITY-KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Salih Barham 
Published: June 2021

Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare and heterogeneous tumors that occur throughout the GIT most commonly in the stomach or small intestine. They grow from specialized cells in the gastrointestinal tract called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) or precursors to these cells.
Objectives
To describe GISTs cases and perform risk stratification based on both the (AFIP) classiﬁcation and TNM staging.
Materials and Methods
The data were collected retrospectively from registries and documents in Hiwa Hospital and the histopathology department in Shorsh Teaching Hospital in Sulaimaniyah between 2010 and 2019. The histopathological features extracted from the reports included the site of a tumor, size of tumor, histological type, mitotic count/50 high power fields (HPF), risk behavior assessment, and presence or absence of necrosis, and metastasis. Risk stratification was conducted by assigning the cases to specific risk categories and groups for disease progression based on Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Criteria (AFIPC) and staging according to the TNM system (AJCC 8th edition).
Results
A total of 109 cases of GIST diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were included. More than half (52.3%) of the cases were female. The age range was 28 to 87 years with a mean age of 58 years. Most (67.9%) of GISTs occurred between 48 and 77 years of age. The mean diameter of tumors was 8.18 cm. Around half (48.6%) of the GISTs were in the stomach, 60.6% of the cases had spindle cell type morphology and 82.6% were CD117 positive. Based on AFIPC risk stratification 34.0 % of the total cases were high risk. As per the Staging criteria of the TNM system (AJCC 8th edition), 37.6% were stage I followed by stage III (28.4%), stage II (17.4%), and stage IV (16.5%).
Conclusion
Most of the patients in the current study had GIST in the stomach and were in a high-risk category. The current epidemiological and morphologic findings were similar to prevailing knowledge. However, only 82.6% were CD 117 Positive.
Patient's Awareness Regarding Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Stones in Surgical Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Ismael Niyan 
Published: June 2021

Urinary tract stone is the most common recurrent disorder of the urinary tract that encompasses all the process of stone formation in the urinary system (kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra). Patient’s awareness could prevent the disease and its consequences. The aim of this study is to assess the patient’s awareness regarding prevention of recurrent urinary tract stones.
A quantitative, descriptive study was carried out in Surgical Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City, from June to September 2020. A total number of, 50 patients who had urinary stones were recruited into the study, and required data were collected through direct interviews. The questionnaire was used to collect data on the patients’ Sociodemographic and awareness of the urinary tract stones. Questions about awareness of urinary stones were related to fluid and beverage intake, past medical history and risk factors, movement and physical activity, and dietary intake. The collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0).
The results of the present study showed that most of the patients’ aged30 to 60 years, were males (58%), and had primary level of education (38%). Patient’s awareness regarding “fluid and beverage intake, past medical history and risk factor, physical activity and dietary intake” was considerably at a moderate level. There was no significant relationship between the patients’ socio-demographics and their awareness of the urinary tract stones
It was concluded that the patients were not sufficiently aware of urinary tract stone prevention. Patient’s socio-demographic variables did not determine the patients’ awareness of stone prevention.
Assessment of the effect of hemostatic materials on blood calcium concentration
Authors: Lipatov V. A. , Lazarenko S. V. , Severinov D. A. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the effect of hemostatic materials on concentration of calcium of blood.Materials and methods. The following groups of local hemostatic materials were studied: collagen plate (No. 2), hemostatic sponge from medical gelatin (No. 3), oxidized cellulose material (No. 4), experimental samples of hemostatic sponge developed by the team of authors, based on the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose with various modifications (groups No. 5-8). In the control group (No. 1), only blood of volunteer donors was used, without introducing the test materials. Evaluation of the effect of hemostatic materials on blood calcium concentration was carried out according to the described method: «Method for comparative investigation of the effectiveness of local hemostatic agents in an in vitro experiment» Russian patent No. 2709 517. According to the results of the study, median, 25 and 75 percentiles were calculated. The validity of differences between groups was determined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05).Results. In groups using various materials, such as group No. 2 (Tachocomb) by 0.24 mmol/L and group № 4 (Surgicel Fibrillar) by 0.7 mmol/L, the serum calcium level was statistically significantly lower than the control group. Significant differences of calcium level values after blood immersion of volunteer donor samples based on cellulose derivatives were revealed, namely in group No. 5 (Na-CMC + Tranexamic acid pressed) value exceeds that in group No. 4 by 0.58 mmol/l. In other cases, comparisons of calcium concentration values in groups using experimental samples (not introduced into clinical practice) with material widely used in abdominal surgery (group No. 4) were found to be greater: in group No. 6 (Na-CMC + Tranexamic acid unsaturated) by 0.61 mmol/l, in group No. 7 (Na-CMC pressed) by 0.75 mmol/l, in group No. 8 (Na-CMC unsaturated) by 0.5 mmol/l.Conclusion. It should be noted that although there are no significant differences in the groups using experimental samples of local hemostatic agents and the control group, the calcium levels in groups No. 5-6 are close to those in the groups using widely known materials such as Tachocomb (No. 2) and Gelita-Spon Standart (No. 3). Also, among the samples developed by the authors, the greatest effectiveness was identified in group No. 8 (Na-CMC, unpressed), in which the serum calcium levels (2.14 mmol/L) are lower than in groups No. 5-7.
Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the Allium cepa extract in rats
Authors: Meegada Purna Prasad , Pathapati Rama Mohan , Rayam Sriharsha , Nallabothula Raveendra Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background: The onion plant (Allium cepa) is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. It has antibiotic, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, hemostatic, antimutagenic effects. The current study is aimed to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Allium cepa extracts in rat models.Methods: In this study analgesic activity in rats is tested by Eddy’s hot plate method, tail flick method. In Eddy’s hot plate method rats are individually placed on the heated plate of the analgesic meter maintained at 550C and mean reaction time was calculated at regular time intervals. In tail flick method the tail withdrawal from the heat (flicking response) is taken as the end point. Anti-inflammatory property is studied by carrageenan induced paw edema model, in which the paw volume is measured with a plethysmograph.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate method the mean reaction time increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 2 hours when compared to control. In tail flick method the mean reaction time is increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 1.5 hour when compared to control. In carrageenan induced paw edema method Allium cepa exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by significant (p<0.05) suppression of paw edema when compare to control at 1 hour after carrageenan injection to rat paw.Conclusions: Allium cepa has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in hot plate, tail flick and carrageenan induced paw edema model.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of postgraduate medical students towards clinical research in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Johar Sukhmeen Kaur , Jaybhaye Deepali L. , Chandra Shruti , Mishra Prashant S. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Clinical research is a component of medical and health research that facilitates valuable knowledge regarding diagnosis, prevention as well as treatment of a disease. Nowadays, the practise of medicine is evidence-based and combining medical education with clinical research provides a channel for translating scientifically advanced knowledge into better public health. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practices (P) about clinical research among post graduate medical students.Methods: After obtaining institutional ethics committee approval, a cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study was conducted. A pre-structured and validated KAP questionnaire comprising of 25 questions (knowledge-15, attitude-5 and practices-5) was shared online through google forms with post graduate students. The responses to the questions were later marked correct or incorrect. The data was collected and compiled using Microsoft excel and expressed in percentage (%). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0.Results: 102 students responded to the questionnaire completely. Out of which males (55.9%) pre-dominated and majority of the PG students belonged to I year accounting for 40.2%. About 61.76% PG students were aware about a clinical research unit in the college. Majority of the students acknowledged the necessity of conducting clinical research and exhibited good knowledge about key concepts of clinical trials. Even responses to questions pertaining to attitude towards clinical research were also majorly positive. On the contrary, more than 90% students had neither attended any workshop on ICH-GCP guidelines nor registered their academic study under clinical trial registry of India. However, 73.5% of them expressed their willingness to participate in a clinical trial in future.Conclusions: Although, assessment of knowledge and attitudes about clinical research among post graduate students showed positive results but discrepancies were observed in its practise. As such, this necessitates incorporation of clinical research activities into existing medical education system.
Capsular dissection technique for reducing recurrent laryngeal neuropraxia and temporary hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy: a single center experience
Authors: Sahni Dimple , Kaur Rajwant , Kaur Gagandeep , Aggarwal Sangeeta , Bhagat Sanjeev 
Published: June 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Foreign bodies in aerodigestive tract is common, frequent, and sometime life threatening emergency for otorhinolaryngologists mainly in the paediatric group. The aims of the present study was to find the incidence of foreign bodies, in relation to demographic factors, type and sites of foreign bodies its clinical presentations and its management.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study was conducted on 100 cases coming to the ear, nose and throat (ENT) emergency and outpatient department (OPD). After thorough history, clinical examination, routine blood and urine investigations and urine done. Radiological examination was done to visualize the radio-opaque foreign body, and if the foreign body was not radio-opaque then computed tomography (CT) scan was done. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Incidence of foreign was 67% in male than 33% in female. Mostly foreign bodies were in nose (49%), followed by oesophageal (31%), abdominal (14%), and bronchus (6%) respectively. 33% were totally asymptomatic, 25% with mucupurulent discharge from nose, dysphagia (16%), nasal obstruction (15%), and odynophagia (11%) respectively. Most of the foreign bodies were inorganic in nature, coin (42%), pearls (8.16%), and battery (6.45%). Among organic foreign bodies peanut was most common (33.33%), grains (10%). All foreign bodies were removed successfully with minimal morbidity and zero mortality.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Present study suggested incidence was very common among male children, in rural background, with common asymptomatic presentation. With high index of suspicion, and proper and timely intervention all 100 cases were managed successfully. But still educating the parents about keeping such things away from kids prevent these incident.</p>
Talking with My Daughter About Archives
Authors: Loyer Jessie , Loyer Darrell 
Published: June 2021

In a kitchen table discussion, a Métis genealogist and his Cree-Métis librarian daughter talk about the ways Indigenous people navigate archives, oral history, and research; discuss the inaccuracies that exist in records relating to Indigenous people; and consider the ways that records can supplement oral history about Métis culture.
FAMILY-BASED CORRUPTION PREVENTION THROUGH PESANTREN VALUES
Authors: Arifin Samsul , Baharun Mokhammad , Saputra Rahmat 
Published: June 2021

Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) has a great potential for family-based corruption prevention. This study aims to determine the values of pesantren and portraits of sakinah family personalities in the texts of “Zadu Az-Zaujayn” and “Syair Madura” in relation to the prevention of corruption. It uses an ethnographic-hermeneutic qualitative approach. The research concludes that the value of pesantren associated with the prevention of corruption lies in the expression "Mondhuk entar ngabdi bhen ngaji (the intention of going to pesantren is to learn and to serve)" and “Mon ngecok jerum e pondok mon mole ka romana ngecok jheren (if you steal a needle in pesantren, you will steal a horse once you get back home)". Through the values, students are accustomed to serving people and being careful of taking others’ belongings. Meanwhile, the values of sakinah family within the text are wara’ (being cautious and able to self-control), zuhud (living a simple life and prioritizing others’ need), and patient (being tender and dare to face difficulties); qona'ah (accepting life as it is), ridha (accepting the provisions of God); and self-presentation. This research is vital to develop to achieve sakinah families free of corruption.Pondok pesantren memiliki potensi besar dalam mencegah korupsi berbasis keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan nilai-nilai pesantren dan potret kepribadian keluarga sakinah dalam teks kitab “Zadu Az-Zaujayn” dan “Syair Madura” terkait pencegahan korupsi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif tipe etnografi-hermeneutik. Hasil penelitian: nilai-nilai pesantren yang terkait dengan pencegahan korupsi yaitu “Mondhuk entar ngabdi dan ngaji (mondok untuk mengabdi dan mengaji)”. Santri juga menghindari ngecok (mencuri):“Mon ngecok jerum e pondok mon mole ka romana ngecok jheren, (kalau mencuri sebuah jarum di pondok, pulangnya akan mencuri seekor kuda)”. Dengan kedua nilai tersebut, santri akan terbiasa melayani orang lain dan menjauhi mengambil hak milik orang lain. Sedang kepribadian pasangan suami-istri sakinah yaitu mampu mengendalikan diri: yaitu wara’ (hati-hati dan mampu mengendalikan diri), zuhud (hidup sederhana dan lebih mementingkan kepentingan orang lain), dan sabar (lapang dada dan berani menghadapi kesulitan-kesulitan); penerimaan hidup apa adanya: qona’ah (menerima kenyataan yang ada), ridha (ketenangan hati menerima ketentuan-ketentuan dari Allah); dan presentasi diri. Penelitian ini penting untuk dikembangkan, agar tercipta keluarga sakinah yang bebas dari korupsi.