bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of CD73 Prevents Death after Emergency Open Aortic Surgery for a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm – A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Hakovirta Harri , Jalkanen Juho , Saimanen Eija , Kukkonen Tiia , Romsi Pekka , Suominen Velipekka , Vikatmaa Leena , Valtonen Mika , Karvonen Matti , Venermo Maarit 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Mortality remains high after emergency open surgery for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA). The aim of the present study was to assess, if intravenous (IV) Interferon (IFN) beta-1a improve survival after surgery by up-regulating Cluster of differentiation (CD73). Methods: This is a multi-center phase II double-blind, 2:1 randomized, parallel group comparison of the efficacy and safety of IV IFN beta-1a vs. placebo for the prevention of death after open surgery for an infra-renal RAAA. All study patients presented a confirmed infra-renal RAAA, survived the primary emergency surgery and were treated with IFN beta-1a (10μg) or matching placebo for 6 days after surgery. Major exclusion criteria included irreversible hemorrhagic shock, chronic renal replacement therapy, diagnosed liver cirrhosis, severe congestive heart failure, advanced malignant disease, primary attempt of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), and per-operative suprarenal clamping over 30 minutes. Main outcome measure was all-cause mortality at day 30 (D30) from initial emergency aortic reconstruction. Results: The study was pre-maturely stopped due to a reported drug-drug interaction and was left under-powered. Out of 40 randomized patients 38 were included in the outcome analyses (27 IFN beta-1a and 11 placebo). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at baseline. However, from surgery more open-abdomen and intestinal ischemia was present in the IFN beta-1a arm. D30 all-cause mortality was 22.2% (6/27) in the IFN beta-1a arm and 18.2% (2/11) in the placebo arm (OR 1.30; 95% CI, 0.21 – 8.19). The most common adverse event relating to the IFN beta-1a was pyrexia (20.7% in the IFN beta-1a arm vs. 9.1% in the placebo arm). High level of serum CD73 associated with survival (P = 0.001) whereas the use of glucocorticoids and the presence of IFN beta neutralizing antibodies associated with a poor CD73 response and survival.Conclusions: Due to the size of the study and several confounding factors a benefit from IFN beta-1a could not be determined. Survival after open RAAA surgery associated strongly with up-regulation of serum CD73. The use of glucocorticoids and IFN beta neutralizing antibodies blocked the up regulation of CD73. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03119701. Registered 19/04/2017 (retrospectively registered).
Comparison of Depolymerization of Chitosan into Chitooligosaccharides from the Shrimp Shell Waste of Parapeneopsis Stylifera by Non-Specific Enzymes
Authors: Renuka V. , Ravishankar Chandragiri Nagaraja Rao , Krishnamoorthy Elavarasan , Zynudheen Abubacker Aliyamveetil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two different non-specific proteolytic enzymes (papain and pepsin) and two carbohydrase enzymes (α-amylase and β-amylase) were used for the depolymerization of chitosan to produce chitooligosaccharides (COS). The COS produced using papain, pepsin, α-amylase and β-amylase were characterized for physico-chemical, structural, thermal and antioxidant activities. Chitooligosaccharides produced using pepsin enzyme had higher solubility compared to other three COS. Structural variation of chitosan and their oligosaccharides were studied by FTIR analysis and it revealed the existence of various structural difference among the oligosaccharides and chitosan. Thermal behavior of chitosan and oligosaccharides were examined using DSC analysis, and it exhibits difference in the glass transition temperature among the four oligosaccharides and native chitosan. Anti-oxidant analysis such as DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power revealed the antioxidant ability of chitooligosaccharides. Among the four COS, pepsin-COS had the highest DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activity. According to the patterns of molecular weight reduction, antioxidant properties, thermal behavior properties, four enzymes α- amylase, β-amylase, pepsin and papain found suitable for hydrolyzing chitosan into chitooligosaccharide. As it is superior to chitosan, chitooligosaccharide can be utilized in food industry as bio-preservatives to enhance the quality, safety and shelf life of the products.
Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Jigjiga Town Public Hospitals, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Muse Abdilahi Ibrahim , Osman Mohamed Omar , Wedajo Girma Tadesse , Abate Kalkidan Hassen , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohammed , Yusuf Ramadan Budul , Abdi Abdulahi Siraj , Usman Sied Abdi , Abdi Abdulahi Aden , Daud Fuad Ismail 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and AimUnder normal circumstances, a urine albumin excretion of 5-10 mg/L is considered to be normal. Micro-albuminuria is, however, defined as a level of albumin in the urine that is between 20 mcg/min, and 200 mcg/min (30-300mg/24h) with normal urine flow of 1 ml/min.The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of micro-albuminuria and associated factors among adult type two diabetes mellitus clients in public hospitals of Jigjiga town, Somali region, Ethiopia, from April 1 to July15, 2020Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was used from April 1 to July 15, 2020. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect a data from 204 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting at Karamara general and Jigjiga University referral hospitals for follow up. Descriptive statistics was computed. Logistic regression model was used to identify covariates using SPSS version 20. The direction and strength of statistical association was measured by odds ratio with 95 % CI and a P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of micro-albuminuria was 48.0% with [95% CI (41.2, 54.9)] Duration of DM between 11-20 years [AOR=3.71; 95% CI (1.45, 9.49)] Family history of hypertension [AOR=2.24; 95% CI: (1.02, 4.70)] Systolic blood pressure [AOR=3.36; 95% CI:(1.39, 8.13)], Low density lipoprotein [AOR=5.60; 95%CI: (2.22,14.11)] High density lipoprotein [AOR=5.210;95%CI:(2.067,13.131)] and Glycated hemoglobin [AOR = 3.246; 95% CI (1.356, 7.78)] were significantly associated with micro-albuminuriaConclusion: There is a significant level of micro-albuminuria among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Effective secondary prevention program directed on blood glucose and lipid with steps to improve blood pressure are critical in undertaking in the setting and regular screening of micro-albuminuria is needed so that an early preventive and treatment measures against its burden are put in place.
A Blumgart-Anastomosis Based Half-Invagination Pancreaticoenterostomy With Better Applicability to Laparoscopy and Lower Incidence of Pancreatic Leakage
Authors: Sun Qiang , Peng Peng , Gong Xueyi , Wu Jianlong , Zhang Qiao , Hu Zhipeng , Chang Xiaojian , Hu Zemin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The Blumgart anastomosis has been established as one of the safest anastomoses for pancreas remnant reconstruction, with low rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and postoperative complications. However, how to make laparoscopic pancreaticoenterostomy easier and safer is still a subject to be discussed. Methods Data of patients undergoing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy from April 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 20 cases of half-invagination anastomosis (Group HI) and 26 cases of Cattell-warren anastomosis (Group CW) were included. Intraoperative blood loss, Operative time and Postoperative drainage tube placement time of Group HI was significantly less than those of Group CW. Patients of Clavien-Dindo grade III and above in Group HI was significantly less than Control Group. Group Incidence of POPF in Group HI was significantly lower than that in Group CW. No high-risk group emerged during Fistula risk score analytical phase, and the highest risk of moderate-risk group was pancreatic leakage. Respectively, incidence of pancreatic leakage in Group HI and Group CW was 7.7% and 46.67%, while incidence of Group HI was significantly lower than that in the Group CW. Conclusions The Blumgart-anastomosis based half-invagination pancreaticoenterostomy with better applicability to laparoscopy can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic leakage.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Grading of Pituitary Macroadenoma- SIPAP Classification Revisited.
Authors: Anwar Shayan Sirat Maheen , Hilal Kiran , Khan Anam , Ahmad Asra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as the modality of choice in diagnosis of pituitary adenomas. Since surgery is the first line therapy for all pituitary adenomas with exception of prolactinoma, simple and reproducible MRI classification based on major directions of tumour growth is an essential tool providing the exact road map for right surgical approach and maximum safe resection.SIPAP MRI classification for pituitary adenomas is derived from KNOSP-STEINER classification of parasellar growth, to which has been added grading for superior, inferior, anterior and posterior tumour extension.We, therefore, propose to incorporate SIPAP classification in routine reporting template of pituitary adenomas, for ideal radiological description of tumour delineation, relationship to juxtasellar structures, and tumour size, hence facilitating greater success rate in surgical and subsequent clinical management.METHODSTwo radiologists retrospectively reviewed imaging of 49 patients with biopsy-proven pituitary macroadenoma and graded according to SIPAP classification. Study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Data was analyzed using Stata version 15. Interobserver variability was calculated using Cohen’s Kappa. Comparison between grading before and after treatment was performed by Chi-square test. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTSSixty three percent patients were male and 37% female. Overall, maximum preoperative and postoperative volume was 71.82 cm3 and 49.50 cm3 respectively, with significant difference in pre and post-operative volumes (14.1±17.7 vs. 4.5±10.4, p-value <0.001). Length showed most significant difference pre and post-operatively (2.4±1.1 vs. 1.3±1.1, p-value <0.001). Individual tumour extensions according to SIPAP for pre- and post-operative grading showed significant difference (p-value <0.001), except for anterior extension. For suprasellar extension, 67.3% patients had pre-operative grade 3 and 63.3% had post-operative grade 0. For infrasellar extension, 51.0% had pre-operative grade 2 and 71.4% had post-operative grade 0. Anterior, posterior and parasellar extensions showed increased frequency in grade 0 in post-operative stage compared to pre-operative. Substantial inter-observer agreement was achieved for Superior, Inferior, Anterior and Posterior extent with all Kappa statistics values above 0.7 (p-value <0.001).CONCLUSIONWe propose incorporating simple and objective SIPAP classification in routine MR reporting for ideal pituitary tumour delineation, relationship to juxtasellar structures and tumour size.
Optimization of in-Process Conditioning Parameters During Face Plunge Grinding of PcBN
Authors: Denkena Berend , Krödel-Worbes Alexander , Müller-Cramm Dominik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) is an extremely hard material. Machining of the material is performed by grinding with diamond tools. Due to its high hardness, the grinding tools underlie a severe microscopic and macroscopic tool wear. This wear leads to a short tool life and results in high effort in conditioning the abrasive layer. Contrary to the usual conditioning of diamond grinding wheels with diamond dressing tools, this study investigates a conditioning process based entirely on the use of white corundum cup rolls. These conditioning tools allow the in-process face plunge conditioning of vitrified bond diamond grinding tools. The circumferential speed of the conditioning tool and the average grain diameter of the corundum are identified as the main factors influencing the topography of the generated grinding layer. To describe the performance of the conditioning process, a specific conditioning removal rate Q’sd is derived. This parameter represents a cumulated variable that allows a comparison of different conditioning strategies. It is shown that an increase in Q'sd significantly counteracts microscopic wear on the abrasive layer. Therefore, optimized process parameters enable the process of in-process conditioning to significantly reduce the wear on the grinding tool without increasing the process time or the non-productive time.
T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia with Atypical Immunophenotypes: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis of 17 Cases
Authors: Guo Jing-jing , Cao Lei , Zhu Hua-yuan , Miao Yi , Du Xin-yi , Wu Yu-jie , Wang Li , Xu Wei , Li Jian-yong , Fan Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is characterized by expansion of cytotoxic T cells expressing αβ T cell receptor (TCR), CD2, surface CD3, CD8, CD57 as well as cytotoxic molecules. Atypical immunophenotypes of T-LGLL, including γδ TCR and CD4, reported in a small subset, remains to be well-defined.
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed immunophotypes and clinicopathologic features of 96 T-LGLL cases.
Results

We found a total of 17 cases with atypical immunophenotypes including 9 TCRγδ + cases and 8 CD4+ TCRαβ + cases. Pure red cell aplasia was less common in atypical immunophenotypes patients compared to that of typical immunophenotypes [0/17 (0%) vs. 26/79 (32.9%), p=0.005]. STAT3 mutations were also less frequent in atypical immunophenotypes cases, although accompanied with marginal significance (p=0.086).
Conclusion

Patients with atypical immunophenotypes showed a similar survival outcome to that of typical T-LGLL immunophenotypes. Additional efforts were needed to better understand the pathogenesis of these rare atypical immunophenotypes T-LGLL cases.
Interrelations among frustration-free models via Witten's conjugation
Authors: Wouters Jurriaan , Katsura Hosho , Schuricht Dirk 
Published: October 2021

We apply Witten’s conjugation argument [Nucl. Phys. B 202, 253
(1982)] to spin chains, where it allows us to derive frustration-free
systems and their exact ground states from known results. We
particularly focus on \mathbb{Z}_pℤp-symmetric
models, with the Kitaev and Peschel–Emery line of the axial next-nearest
neighbour Ising (ANNNI) chain being the simplest examples. The approach
allows us to treat two \mathbb{Z}_3ℤ3-invariant
frustration-free parafermion chains, recently derived by Iemini et
al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 170402 (2017)] and Mahyaeh and Ardonne [Phys.
Rev. B 98, 245104 (2018)], respectively, in a unified framework. We
derive several other frustration-free models and their exact ground
states, including \mathbb{Z}_4ℤ4-
and \mathbb{Z}_6ℤ6-symmetric
generalisations of the frustration-free ANNNI chain.
Molecular Insights of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Molecular
Treatments
Authors: Abdurrahman Lama , Fang Xiaoqian , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
The coronavirus disease emerged in December 2019 (COVID-19) is caused
by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its rapid
global spread has brought an international health emergency and urgent responses for
seeking efficient prevention and therapeutic treatment. This has led to imperative needs
for illustration of the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, identification of molecular
targets or receptors, and development of antiviral drugs, antibodies, and vaccines. In
this study, we investigated the current research progress in combating SARS-CoV-2
infection. Based on the published research findings, we first elucidated, at the molecular
level, SARS-CoV-2 viral structures, potential viral host-cell-invasion, pathogenic
mechanisms, main virus-induced immune responses, and emerging SARS-CoV-2
variants. We then focused on the main virus- and host-based potential targets and
summarized and categorized effective inhibitory molecules based on drug development
strategies for COVID-19 that can guide efforts for the identification of new drugs and
treatment for this problematic disease. Current research and development of antibodies
and vaccines were also introduced and discussed. We concluded that the main virus
entry route- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with ACE2 receptors played a key
role in guiding the development of therapeutic treatments against COVID-19. Four main
strategies may be considered in developing molecular therapeutics, and drug
repurposing is likely to be an easy, fast and low-cost approach in such a short period of
time with urgent need of antiviral drugs. Additionally, the quick development of antibody
and vaccine candidates has yielded promising results, but the wide-scale deployment of
safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines remains paramount in solving the pandemic
crisis. As new variants of the virus emerge, the efficacy of these vaccines and
treatments must be closely evaluated. Finally, we discussed the possible challenges of
developing molecular therapeutics for COVID-19 and suggested some potential future
efforts. Despite the limited availability of literature, our attempt in this work to provide a
relatively comprehensive overview of current SARS-CoV-2 studies can be helpful for
quickly acquiring the key information of COVID-19 and further promoting this important
research to control and diminish the pandemic.
Computational Exploration of Anti-Cancer Potential of GUAIANE Dimers from Xylopia
vielana by Targeting B-Raf Kinase Using Chemo-Informatics, Molecular Docking,
and MD Simulation Studies
Authors: Shams ul Hassan Syed , Abbas Syed Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Jin Hui-Zi 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Natural products from herbs are abundant and display powerful anti-cancer activities.

Objectives:
In the current study, B-Raf kinase protein (PDB: 3OG7), a potent target for melanoma, was tested against
two guaiane-type sesquiterpene dimers, xylopin E-F, obtained from Xylopia vielana.

Methods:
In this work, a systematic in silico study using ADMET analysis, bioactivity score forecasts, and molecular
docking along with its simulations was conducted to understand compounds’ pharmacological properties.

Results:
During ADMET predictions of both the compounds, xylopin E-F displayed a safer profile in hepatotoxicity
and cytochrome inhibition, and only xylopin F was shown to be non-cardiotoxic compared to the FDA-approved drug
vemurafenib. Both the compounds were proceeded to molecular docking experiments using Autodock docking software,
and both the compounds, xylopin E-F, displayed higher binding potential with -11.5Kcal/mol energy compared
to control vemurafenib (-10.2 Kcal/mol). All the compounds were further evaluated for their MD simulations, and their
molecular interactions with the B-Raf kinase complex displayed precise interactions with the active gorge of the enzyme
by hydrogen bonding.

Conclusions:
Overall, xylopin F had a better profile relative to xylopin E and vemurafenib, and these findings indicated
that this bio-molecule could be used as an anti-melanoma agent and as a possible anti-cancer drug in the future.
Therefore, this is a systematically optimized in silico approach for creating an anti-cancer pathway for guaiane dimers
against the backdrop of its potential for future drug development.
Effect of Petroleum Products on the Larvicidal Activity of Aedes Mosquitoes in Ika North-East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojianwuna Cynthia C. , Enwemiwe Victor N. , Erhunmwun Sunny E. 
Published: October 2021

Aims:
The recent yellow fever outbreak in Delta State, especially in Ika North East local government, triggered the need for this study.

Background:
Diseases caused by Aedes are by far raising serious concerns in the world.

Objective:
To evaluate the larvicidal activity on the use of petroleum products in the control of Aedes mosquitoes.

Methods:
Mosquito species were collected using 350ml deep ladle and identified in the field using their resting positions in their local habitats. Larvae and pupae were separately exposed to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%ml of kerosene and petrol in single and mixed forms. The experimental sets were triplicated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey’s test to compare mortality, and time of mortality. LC50 and LC95 were computed using Probit analysis.

Results:
Results revealed that all concentrations of treatment caused complete mortality in larvae except in 0.005%ml and 0.01%ml of kerosene alone and kerosene and petrol mixture at 50 minutes of exposure. All concentrations of treatment equally caused complete mortality in pupae except in 0.005%ml of kerosene (Mean= 10.00) at 30 minutes. The differences between mortality and time mortality records were significant (p< 0.05). Kerosene and petrol mixture and kerosene alone had the lower LC50 and LC95 0.0021 and 0.0088ml respectively in the larvae group. Kerosene and petrol mixture had lower LC50 and LC95 0.0037 and 0.0050, respectively.

Conclusion:
Therefore, scaling up this intervention on a large scale in endemic areas would reduce larvae density and disease outbreaks.