bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza a virus NS1 resembles a TRAF3-interacting motif to target the RNA sensing-TRAF3-type I IFN axis and impair antiviral innate immunity
Authors: Lin Chun-Yang , Shih Meng-Cen , Chang Hung-Chun , Lin Kuan-Jung , Chen Lin-Fang , Huang Sheng-Wen , Yang Mei-Lin , Ma Sheng-Kai , Shiau Ai-Li , Wang Jen-Ren , Chen Kuan-Ru , Ling Pin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Influenza A virus (IAV) evolves strategies to counteract the host antiviral defense for establishing infection. The influenza A virus (IAV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a key viral factor shown to counteract type I IFN antiviral response mainly through targeting RIG-I signaling. Growing evidence suggests that viral RNA sensors RIG-I, TLR3, and TLR7 function to detect IAV RNA in different cell types to induce type I IFN antiviral response to IAV infection. Yet, it remains unclear if IAV NS1 can exploit a common mechanism to counteract these RNA sensing pathways to type I IFN production at once, then promoting viral propagation in the host.

Methods
Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to determine the effect of NS1 and its mutants on the RIG-I and TLR3 pathways to the activation of the IFN-β and NF-κB promoters. Coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopic analyses were used to the interaction and colocalization between NS1 and TRAF3. Ubiquitination assays were performed to study the effect of NS1 and its mutants on TRAF3 ubiquitination. A recombinant mutant virus carrying NS1 E152A/E153A mutations was generated by reverse genetics for biochemical, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses to explore the importance of NS1 E152/E153 residues in targeting the RNA sensing-TRAF3-type I IFN axis and IAV pathogenicity.

Results
Here we report that NS1 subverts the RIG-I, TLR3, and TLR7 pathways to type I IFN production through targeting TRAF3 E3 ubiquitin ligase. NS1 harbors a conserved FTEE motif (a.a. 150-153), in which the E152/E153 residues are critical for binding TRAF3 to block TRAF3 ubiquitination and type I IFN production by these RNA sensing pathways. A recombinant mutant virus carrying NS1 E152A/E153A mutations induces higher type I IFN production ex vivo and in vivo, and exhibits the attenuated phenotype in infected mice, indicating the importance of E152/E153 residues in IAV pathogenicity.

Conclusions
Together our work uncovers a novel mechanism of IAV NS1-mediated immune evasion to promote viral infection through targeting the RNA sensing-TRAF3-type I IFN axis.
Accuracy and precision of volumetric bone mineral density assessment using dual-source dual-energy versus quantitative CT: a phantom study
Authors: Koch Vitali , Hokamp Nils Große , Albrecht Moritz H. , Gruenewald Leon D. , Yel Ibrahim , Borggrefe Jan , Wesarg Stefan , Eichler Katrin , Burck Iris , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Lenga Lukas , Vogl Thomas J. , Martin Simon S. , Wichmann Julian L. , Hammerstingl Renate M. , Alizadeh Leona S. , Mader Christoph , Huizinga Nicole A. , D’Angelo Tommaso , Ascenti Giorgio , Mazziotti Silvio , Booz Christian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Dual-source dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) offers the potential for opportunistic osteoporosis screening by enabling phantomless bone mineral density (BMD) quantification. This study sought to assess the accuracy and precision of volumetric BMD measurement using dual-source DECT in comparison to quantitative CT (QCT).

Methods
A validated spine phantom consisting of three lumbar vertebra equivalents with 50 (L1), 100 (L2), and 200 mg/cm3 (L3) calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) concentrations was scanned employing third-generation dual-source DECT and QCT. While BMD assessment based on QCT required an additional standardised bone density calibration phantom, the DECT technique operated by using a dedicated postprocessing software based on material decomposition without requiring calibration phantoms. Accuracy and precision of both modalities were compared by calculating measurement errors. In addition, correlation and agreement analyses were performed using Pearson correlation, linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots.

Results
DECT-derived BMD values differed significantly from those obtained by QCT (p < 0.001) and were found to be closer to true HA concentrations. Relative measurement errors were significantly smaller for DECT in comparison to QCT (L1, 0.94% versus 9.68%; L2, 0.28% versus 5.74%; L3, 0.24% versus 3.67%, respectively). DECT demonstrated better BMD measurement repeatability compared to QCT (coefficient of variance < 4.29% for DECT, < 6.74% for QCT). Both methods correlated well to each other (r = 0.9993; 95% confidence interval 0.9984–0.9997; p < 0.001) and revealed substantial agreement in Bland-Altman plots.

Conclusions
Phantomless dual-source DECT-based BMD assessment of lumbar vertebra equivalents using material decomposition showed higher diagnostic accuracy compared to QCT.
Signs of neuroinflammation outweigh neurodegeneration as predictors for early conversion to MS
Authors: El Fayomy Nervana Mohamed , Mohamed Hanan Helmy , Kamal Manal Mohamed , Alsayyad Aya Hamid , Alsayyad Enas Hamid , Shamloul Reham Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis include both inflammatory and degenerative processes. We aimed to study and compare markers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in patients with first presentation of demyelinating disorder and to prospectively identify which of the studied markers serve as predictors for early conversion to multiple sclerosis. Thus, 42 patients with first clinical manifestations suggestive of demyelinating disease were included in a prospective study. Subjects underwent thorough history taking and clinical evaluation. Laboratory studies involved analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum chitinase 3-like 1 levels. Brain imaging included MRI and ultrasonographic assessment.

Results
T1 black holes, elevated oligoclonal bands (OCB), high baseline T2 lesion load, and enhanced MRI lesions were significantly higher in patients with 1st attack multiple sclerosis. Significantly higher CSF-OCB and serum chitinase 3-like 1 protein was detected in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to clinically isolated syndrome, and higher levels in MS convertors than non-convertors. Cognitive dysfunction evaluated by MoCA test and brain atrophy assessed using transcranial sonography did not show significant difference among the studied groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that heavy T2 lesion load served as the only predictor of conversion to MS.

Conclusion
Early conversion to MS after first attack of demyelination is related to detection of signs of neuroinflammation rather than neurodegeneration.
Effects of Tirzepatide, a Dual GIP and GLP-1 RA, on Lipid and Metabolite Profiles in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pirro Valentina , Roth Kenneth D , Lin Yanzhu , Willency Jill A , Milligan Paul L , Wilson Jonathan M , Ruotolo Giacomo , Haupt Axel , Newgard Christopher B , Duffin Kevin L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Tirzepatide substantially reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist dulaglutide. Improved glycemic control was associated with lower circulating triglycerides and lipoprotein markers and improved markers of beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR), effects only partially attributable to weight loss.

Objective
Assess plasma metabolome changes mediated by tirzepatide.

Design
Phase 2b trial participants were randomly assigned to receive weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide, dulaglutide, or placebo for 26 weeks. Post hoc exploratory metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed.

Setting
Post hoc analysis.

Participants
259 subjects with T2D.

Intervention(s)
Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), or placebo.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Changes in metabolite levels in response to tirzepatide were assessed against baseline levels, dulaglutide, and placebo using multiplicity correction.

Results
At 26 weeks, a higher dose tirzepatide modulated a cluster of metabolites and lipids associated with IR, obesity, and future T2D risk. Branched-chain amino acids, direct catabolic products glutamate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, branched-chain ketoacids, and indirect byproducts such as 2-hydroxybutyrate decreased compared to baseline and placebo. Changes were significantly larger with tirzepatide compared with dulaglutide and directly proportional to reductions of HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment 2-IR indices, and proinsulin levels. Proportional to metabolite changes, triglycerides and diglycerides were lowered significantly compared to baseline, dulaglutide, and placebo, with a bias toward shorter and highly saturated species.

Conclusions
Tirzepatide reduces body weight and improves glycemic control and uniquely modulates metabolites associated with T2D risk and metabolic dysregulation in a direction consistent with improved metabolic health.
Laparoscopic Versus Robot-Assisted Versus Transanal Low Anterior Resection: 3-Year Oncologic Results for a Population-Based Cohort in Experienced Centers
Authors: Burghgraef T. A. , Hol J. C. , Rutgers M. L. , Crolla R. M. P. H. , van Geloven A. A. W. , Hompes R. , Leijtens J. W. A. , Polat F. , Pronk A. , Smits A. B. , Tuynman J. B. , Verdaasdonk E. G. G. , Verheijen P. M. , Sietses C. , Consten E. C. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic, robot-assisted, and transanal total mesorectal excision are the minimally invasive techniques used most for rectal cancer surgery. Because data regarding oncologic results are lacking, this study aimed to compare these three techniques while taking the learning curve into account.

Methods
This retrospective population-based study cohort included all patients between 2015 and 2017 who underwent a low anterior resection at 11 dedicated centers that had completed the learning curve of the specific technique. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) during a 3-year follow-up period. The secondary outcomes were 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 3-year local recurrence rate. Statistical analysis was performed using Cox-regression.

Results
The 617 patients enrolled in the study included 252 who underwent a laparoscopic resection, 205 who underwent a robot-assisted resection, and 160 who underwent a transanal low anterior resection. The oncologic outcomes were equal between the three techniques. The 3-year OS rate was 90% for laparoscopic resection, 90.4% for robot-assisted resection, and 87.6% for transanal low anterior resection. The 3-year DFS rate was 77.8% for laparoscopic resection, 75.8% for robot-assisted resection, and 78.8% for transanal low anterior resection. The 3-year local recurrence rate was in 6.1% for laparoscopic resection, 6.4% for robot-assisted resection, and 5.7% for transanal procedures. Cox-regression did not show a significant difference between the techniques while taking confounders into account.

Conclusion
The oncologic results during the 3-year follow-up were good and comparable between laparoscopic, robot-assisted, and transanal total mesorectal technique at experienced centers. These techniques can be performed safely in experienced hands.
Development of a Biomarker-Based Scoring System Predicting Early Recurrence of Resectable Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Wakiya Taiichi , Nagase Hayato , Hara Yutaro , Kanda Taishu , Fujita Hiroaki , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (R-PDAC) often recurs early after radical resection, which is associated with poor prognosis. Predicting early recurrence preoperatively is useful for determining the optimal treatment.

Patients and methods
One hundred and seventy-eight patients diagnosed with R-PDAC on computed tomography (CT) imaging and undergoing radical resection at Hirosaki University Hospital from 2005 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with recurrence within 6 months after resection formed the early recurrence (ER) group, while other patients constituted the non-early recurrence (non-ER) group. Early recurrence prediction score (ERP score) was developed using preoperative parameters.

Results
ER was observed in 45 patients (25.3%). The ER group had significantly higher preoperative CA19-9 (p = 0.03), serum SPan-1 (p = 0.006), and CT tumor diameter (p = 0.01) compared with the non-ER group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified cutoff values for CA19-9 (133 U/mL), SPan-1 (78.2 U/mL), and preoperative tumor diameter (23 mm). When the parameter exceeded the cutoff level, 1 point was given, and the total score of the three factors was defined as the ERP score. The group with an ERP score of 3 had postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 5.5 months (95% CI 3.02–7.98). Multivariate analysis for ER-related perioperative and surgical factors identified ERP score of 3 [odds ratio (OR) 4.63 (95% CI 1.82–11.78), p = 0.0013] and R1 resection [OR 3.20 (95% CI 1.01–10.17), p = 0.049] as independent predictors of ER.

Conclusions
For R-PDAC, ER could be predicted by the scoring system using preoperative serum CA19-9 and SPan-1 levels and CT tumor diameter, which may have great significance in identifying patients with poor prognoses and avoiding unnecessary surgery.
Prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors post-cardiac surgery
Authors: Azzopardi Matthew , Paris Jean-Luc , Sladden David 
Published: October 2021

Aims/Background Gastrointestinal bleeding significantly increases morbidity and mortality rates postoperatively in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The prophylactic prescribing of proton pump inhibitors post-cardiac surgery is currently a class IIa recommendation of the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Method A retrospective review of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between July and December 2019 in the authors' hospital was carried out, using discharge summaries. New treatment charts were introduced with a pre-printed proton pump inhibitor included in the ‘regular medication’ section of the treatment chart and two reaudits were performed using the same methodology. Results Before the intervention, 47% were prescribed omeprazole postoperatively, compared to 74% (P<0.001) and 66% (P=0.008) in the first and second reaudits respectively. Gastrointestinal bleeding was more common pre-intervention (4% vs 1% respectively; P=0.10). Conclusions This intervention resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the prescription of postoperative omeprazole and a decrease in gastrointestinal bleeds. However, other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis and procedure urgency may have contributed to the absence of statistical significance in the latter.
Measuring Quality in Indian VET Institutions: Development Steps Towards a Framework Adapted to the National Context
Authors: Ramasamy Muthuveeran , Regel Julia , Sharma Harshil , Rajagopalan Anjana , Pilz Matthias 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Purpose: The quality of vocational education and training (VET) processes plays an important role in international education policies and research. In India, issues of quality came into focus in recent years due to an increased demand for skilled workers, and continuing challenges in the area of quality of VET. Existing quality assurance mechanisms of VET in India are characterised by a lack of comprehensiveness and uniform standards. This paper addresses the contextualised development of an Indian-specific approach for quality measurement. It centres on following research question: Which quality areas, criteria and related indicators are of relevance for measuring quality comprehensively? Approach: Design-based research substantiates the research objective, which is to develop a model that is theoretically and technically sound, as well as adapted to the national context. The question of how to create "cultural-fit" was essential for the research process illustrated in this paper. Starting point for the development of the approach was to build a structured review, and following analysis, with reference to existing models and approaches to quality management. The initial search examined national and international academic sources for quality management in business and education, as well as governmental sources for quality management strategies in VET. A significant number of models were selected, based on inclusion criteria, and these models were aggregated to provide a source for a first own conception of an approach. Results: Quality dimensions and criteria were collected and identified with reference to distribution across models. In total, seven major quality areas are identified, namely Institutional Sphere and Context; Personnel; Educational Planning, Provision and Assessment; Learning and Teaching; Leadership and School Management; Industry Linkage and Learner Achievements. In addition, 40 quality criteria are determined under these major quality fields, and relevant quantitative and qualitative sub-indicators for measurement are derived. Conclusion: The actual results will be a basis for the following pilot-based implementation in India. The model can provide meaningful feedback and data-based recommendations for continuous improvement of the Indian VET system and may furthermore provide for a reflected and contextually adapted implementation in other countries.
Escola em Torto Arado
Authors: Pereira Mariana Fernandes , Faria Gustavo 
Published: October 2021

O livro Torto Arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior, é um fenômeno da literatura contemporânea no Brasil. Sua importância está não apenas em uma escrita fluida e interessante, mas também na temática atual a que se dedica. Uma questão social que aparece na narrativa é a construção de uma escola na comunidade de Água Negra e a partir dali duas questões se colocam: Bibiana vê na educação uma possibilidade de alcançar as melhorias necessárias para seu povo e deseja se tornar professora. Por outro lado, Belonísia enxerga na educação formal uma perda de tempo, pois não se enxerga inserida nas atividades escolares guiadas por dona Lourdes, a professora que vem ensinar em Água Negra. As duas formas de enxergar a educação podem ilustrar a importância da teoria freiriana e a necessidade de uma educação inclusiva e libertadora. Para este trabalho, buscou-se encontrar no enredo da obra, ilustrações para a educação bancária e para a educação humanista, conforme a teoria de Freire. Para isso, foram feitos recortes do texto do livro que pudessem ser analogias para a aplicação da teoria em questão. O que se encontra é um retrato da mudança social teorizada por Freire e que se opera na narrativa.
Le participatif à la télévision en France
Authors: Ségur Céline 
Published: October 2021

L’évolution de la télévision et des pratiques des publics invite à considérer la communication télévisuelle au XXIe siècle sous l’angle du participatif, c’est-à-dire un modèle dans lequel les producteurs et les consommateurs de médias sont en interactions les uns avec les autres. Si le modèle de l’usager passif semble bel et bien révolu, les modalités précises de la participation médiatique et l’imaginaire communicationnel qu’elle suscite appellent à nuance. Cet article questionne les manifestations et les enjeux de l’idéal participatif à la télévision en France. La construction cathodique de la place des téléspectateurs dans la fabrique de la télévision de l’après-guerre a donné naissance à une culture de la participation qui n’est pas sans ambivalences : appel à témoignage vs instrumentalisation, communication à distance vs interaction, vote vs stratégie de fidélisation. En d’autres termes, les publics sont régulièrement invités à s’exprimer, débattre, jouer ou encore voter, c’est-à-dire à prendre part aux dispositifs télévisuels, mais leur parole est filtrée, instrumentalisée, voire insignifiante.
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported sulfonic acid as a green catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Sakhdari Mahnaz , Amoozadeh Ali , Kolvari Eskandar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, magnetic nanoparticle-supported sulfonic acid (γ-Fe2O3-SO3H) is used as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles in a short time (40–70 min for trisubstituted imidazoles and 30–40 min for tetrasubstituted imidazoles) and high-purity products were obtained (92–98% for trisubstituted imidazoles and 94–98% for tetrasubstituted imidazoles) in simple multicomponent reactions. The structure of these products was confirmed via FT-IR and NMR. Green and recyclable catalysts, eco-friendly and solvent-free conditions, high catalytic activity, shorter reaction time, easy recovery by an external magnet, high purity, and excellent yields are some features of these reactions.
Sufficient conditions for p-valent functions
Authors: Khan Qaiser , Dziok Jacek , Raza Mohsan , Arif Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the current article, we examine some properties of analytic functions associated with cosine and exponential functions. We calculate some conditions on α so that; if

1
+

α

z

2
−
p

f
′

(
z
)

p

$1+\frac{\alpha z^{2-p}f'(z)}{p}$

,

1
+
α

z

2

f
′

(
z
)

p
f
(
z
)

$1+\alpha \frac{z^{2}f'(z)}{pf(z)}$

,

1
+
α

z

p
+
2

f
′

(
z
)

p

f

2

(
z
)

$1+\alpha \frac{z^{p+2}f'(z)}{pf^{2}(z)}$

and

1
+
α

z

2
p
+
2

f
′

(
z
)

p

f

3

(
z
)

$1+\alpha \frac{z^{2p+2}f'(z)}{pf^{3}(z)}$

are subordinated by Janowski functions, then

f
(
z
)

z

p

≺
cos
⁡
(
z
)

$\frac{f(z)}{z^{p}}\prec \cos (z)$

. Further, we also discuss the same implications for

f
(
z
)

z

p

≺

e

z

$\frac{f(z)}{z^{p}}\prec \textrm{e}^{z}$

.
Stability analysis of implicit semi-Lagrangian methods for numerical solution of non-hydrostatic atmospheric dynamics
equations
Authors: Shashkin Vladimir V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The stability of implicit semi-Lagrangian schemes for time-integration of the non-hydrostatic atmosphere dynamics equations is analyzed in the present paper. The main reason for the instability of the considered class of schemes is the semi-Lagrangian advection of stratified thermodynamic variables coupled to the fixed point iteration method used to solve the implicit in time upstream trajectory computation problem. We identify two types of unstable modes and obtain stability conditions in terms of the scheme parameters. Stabilization of sound modes requires the use of a pressure reference profile and time off-centering. Gravity waves are stable only for an even number of fixed point method iterations. The maximum time step is determined by inverse buoyancy frequency in the case when the reference profile of the potential temperature is not used. Generally, applying time off-centering and reference profile to pressure variable is necessary for stability. Using reference profile for potential temperature and an even number of the iterations allows one to significantly increase the maximum time-step value.