bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ich, Selbstbewusstsein und der psychologische Paralogismus. Zur möglichen Bestimmung reflexiver Subjektivität und zur unmöglichen Bestimmung einer Ich-Substanz bei Kant
Authors: Olk Carsten 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
This article addresses the fact of possible and impossible determination of the I or the self-reflective I. In this context, two questions in particular are discussed: What epistemic functions of the I can be legitimately identified, and what kinds of determination of the I are invalid? A theoretical proof of the immortality of a single, persistent substance of the soul (anima) is not possible, because no material substance that corresponds to the I can be found or determined. As this article shows, however, at least a specific form of knowledge of the I, with a view to Kant’s unity of apperception and its actions, can be observed and is therefore epistemically justified.
Truth, Knowledge, and “the Pretensions of Idealism”: A Critical Commentary on the First Part of Mendelssohn’s Morning Hours
Authors: Dahlstrom Daniel O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Whereas research on Moses Mendelssohn’s Morning Hours has largely focused on the proofs for the existence of God and the elaboration of a purified pantheism in the Second Part of the text, scholars have paid far less attention to the First Part where Mendelssohn details his mature epistemology and conceptions of truth. In an attempt to contribute to remedying this situation, the present article critically examines his account, in the First Part, of different types of truth, different types of knowledge, and the case against idealism. The examination stresses potential but overlooked strengths of his account (e. g., a conception of immediate knowledge that is both far broader than the sensory field and distinctive for having change as its object), questions of ambiguity if not inconsistency in his concepts of existence and substance, and the potential import of these questions for the role he assigns to common sense.
Numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages: Semantic content, contextuality, and semi-lexicality
Authors: Wu Yicheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumeral classifiers have consistently been treated as lexical words (实词shicior 体词tici) by traditional Chinese grammarians but considered functional elements in most theoretical linguistic literature and treated as functionally equivalent to the definite article in English. In this paper, I point out that (i) unlike the definite articlethein English that denotes “definiteness” regardless of context, bare nouns and numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages indicate neither “definiteness” nor “indefiniteness” out of context; (ii) the analysis of equating Chinese numeral classifiers with English definite article is the consequence of mistaking an essentially pragmatic phenomenon for a grammatical one (Wu 2016. 语法性与语用性 Yufaxing yu yuyongxing [Grammaticality versus pragmaticality]. Shougao 手稿). Based on various sources of evidence, I demonstrate that the primary function of classifiers has remained unchanged, namely that of classification and individualization (cf. Bisang 1999. Classifiers in East and Southeast Asian languages: Counting and beyond. In Jadranka Gvozdanović (ed.),Numeral types and changes worldwide, 113–185. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter). Although bare [Cl+N] phrases and even bare classifiers in some Sinitic languages can sometimes be interpreted definitely, it is strictly subject to context and the pragmatic restriction of familiarity (Li and Bisang 2012. Classifiers in Sinitic languages: From individuation to definiteness-marking.Lingua122. 335–355). This is confirmed by our questionnaire survey that reveals that the grammatical feature of “definiteness” in these languages is invariably indicated by demonstratives. I thus conclude that numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages can be treated as belonging to the semi-lexical category in the sense of Corver and van Riemsdijk (2001.Semi-lexical categories: The function of content words and the content of function words. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter), which is in agreement with analyses of classifiers asfu mingci“quasi-nominals” (Lü 1953. Hanyu xuexi [Chinese learning]. Beijing: Chinese Youth Press) or “nominal auxiliaries” (Chao 1968.A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press).
Restructured phonological phrases in French: evidence from clash resolution
Authors: Post Brechtje 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In common with English and German and many other languages, French has an accentual configuration that arises in clash contexts, here referred to as clash resolution. Experimental research has shown that clash resolution is bounded by the phonological phrase. Moreover, the optional application of clash resolution has provided evidence for the restructured phonological phrase. However, the conditions on restructuring that have been proposed in the literature have been found to make the wrong predictions in a number of cases. In contradiction to earlier claims, perceptual and acoustic evidence shows that lexical heads can also be restructured with their branching complements. In addition, an analysis of the phonetic evidence shows that clash resolution is characterized by the absence of a final pitch accent, while the simultaneous realization of an initial pitch accent on the stress-shift item is optional. In our conclusions, we will discuss the implications of these findings for a phonological account of clash resolution.
Mary Shepherd on Causal Necessity
Authors: Fantl Jeremy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLady Mary Shepherd’s critique of Hume’s account of causation, his worries about knowledge of matters of fact, and the contention that it is possible for the course of nature to spontaneously change relies primarily on three premises, two of which – that objects are merely bundles of qualities and that the qualities of an object are individuated by the causal powers contributed by those qualities – anticipate contemporary metaphysical views in ways that she should be getting credit for. The remaining premise – that it is impossible for an object to begin to exist uncaused – seems more old fashioned. I argue that Shepherd can do without her old-fashioned premise and that she provides the materials for arguing that her remaining premises demonstrate a stronger anti-Humeanism than is maintained even by the contemporary representatives of those views, even though she may have to concede more to Humeanism than she would like.
Crystal structure of poly[dipoly[aqua-di(µ2-pyrazin-2-olato-κ2
N:N′) zinc(II)], C8H8N4O3Zn
Authors: Zheng Huan , Feng Sisi , Lu Liping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C8H8N4O3Zn, tetragonal,

P

4
‾

c
2

$P&#x203e;{4}c2$

(no. 116), a = 7.340(1) Å, c = 18.285(4) Å, V = 985.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0404, ωR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1214, T = 100 K.
“Non potest non peccare”: Karl Barth on original sin and the bondage of the will
Authors: Tseng Shao Kai 
Published: February 2021

Summary
This article offers an exposition of Karl Barth’s actualistic reorientation of the Augustinian notions of original sin and the bondage of the will in § 60 and § 65 of Church Dogmatics IV/1–2. Barth redefines human nature as a total determination of the human being (Sein/Dasein) “from above” by the covenantal history of reconciliation. Human nature as such remains totally intact in the historical state of sin. The human being, however, is also determined “from below” by the Adamic world-history of total corruption. With this dialectical construal of sin and human nature, Barth redefines original sin as the radically sinful activities and decisions that determine the confinement of human beings to the historical condition of fallenness. Barth also challenges the famous Augustinian account of the bondage of the will to which original sin gives rise, and uses the present active indicative to express his actualistic reorientation of the Augustinian notion of the bondage: “non potest non peccare”.
Do We Believe in Consequences? Revisiting the “Incoherence Objection” to Penal Substitution
Authors: Woznicki Christopher 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Among recent assessments of penal substitutionary accounts of atonement one significant critique is Mark Murphy’s “incoherence objection.” In this essay I express general agreement with Murphy’s critique of penal substitution, yet I suggest that there is a way to reconceive the doctrine of atonement such that it is conceptually coherent, is commensurate with scripture, and is a version of penal substitution. I call this view: The Penal-Consequence View of Atonement. This is a view of atonement that makes use of a distinction between what I call “penal consequences” and “mere consequences.” The view is defended with special reference to the topics of corporate moral responsibility and union with Christ.
Mobile Robots and Autonomic Ambient Assisted
Living
Authors: Brady Guanitta , Sterritt Roy , Wilkie George 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The use of Smart Environments in the delivery
of pervasive care is a research topic that has witnessed increasing
interest in recent years. These environments aim
to deliver pervasive care through ubiquitous sensing by
monitoring the occupants Activities of Daily Living. In order
for these environments to succeed in achieving their
goal, it is crucial that sensors deployed in the environment
perform faultlessly. In this research we investigate
addressing anomalous sensor behavior through the utilization
of a mobile robot. The robot’s role is twofold; it
must provide substitution in the presence of suspected
sensor faults and act as an observer of anomalous sensor
behavior in order to understand the changes that occur in
the behavior of sensors deployed within the environment
over time. The aim of this work is to explore a paradigm
shift to the use of Autonomic Ambient Assisted Living.We
have discovered that the use of a mobile robot is a viable
means of introducing this paradigm to a Smart Environment.
Clothing, Law and the Institution of the Subject’s Internal Normativity
Authors: Letellier Isabelle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gender Studies have shown that gender is a social construct. In the paper, I argue that gender as a social construct should not hide its “Real” dimension: social constructs participate in what Lacan calls the Real. In this perspective, gender is conceived as a symptom built by the subject to protect itself against castration. The subject is therefore tied to its gender as it is tied to its symptom – in the psychoanalytical sense. It builds the image of gender in order to be able to enter in a relationship with the Other. In other words, the imaginarization of gender makes possible – paradoxically – for the subject to access the impossibility of a sexual relationship. Gender is therefore the result of the imaginarization of castration. Whereas the psychoanalytical reading has often been interpreted – especially in Gender Studies – through a structuralist view, I argue that the psychoanalytical approach to the construction of gender does not contradict its social determination. However, one may stress that social determination according to psychoanalysis cannot but be introduced by the symptom, that is by the subject itself and through the fantasied construction of its relationship with the Other. I suggest to read this psychoanalytical interpretation of gender with the notion of the institution as developed by Merleau-Ponty. Merleau-Ponty’s view of the institution is particularly relevant here for two reasons. First it overcomes the opposition between the subject and the social which are both instituted and instituting at the same time. Second, Lacan’s theory of sinthome which reads the symptom in terms of sexual relationship implicitly refers to Merleau-Ponty’s notion of the institution. I will show to what extent the Merleau-Pontian notion of the institution helps to conceive of the Real in gender understood as an intertwining of social and subjective construct. I claim that this view overcomes both a structuralist approach – which represses the historicity of the social – and a view which represses the function of gender in the subject’s construction and its symptom.
Post-Mabo White Settler Fables and the Negotiation of Native Title Legislation in Andrew McGahan’s The White Earth (2004)
Authors: Antor Heinz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In his novel The White Earth, Andrew McGahan engages with an important chapter in the history of his country, namely the period of the famous Mabo case of 1992, which overturned the doctrine of terra nullius, and the subsequent Native Title Act of 1993. This novel of initiation with gothic features draws attention to both the woeful history of the dispossession, maltreatment and partial elimination of Australian Aborigines and to the issue of how white Australians cope with this past as well as the guilt, anxieties, and loss of orientation this may create. The novel thus turns into a critical engagement with the legal history of race relations in Australia and probes possible paths for future change.
Ian Mc Ewan’s The Children Act: Minors’ Rights and Family Justice Perspectives in Italy and the UK
Authors: Cordiano Alessandra , Ligugnana Giovanna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ian MacEwan’s The Children Act presents many interesting aspects of the often troubled relationship between childhood and the law. Fiona Maye, nearly 60, wise and respected judge of the High Court, faces the most dreadful family disputes and tries to solve them through fair decisions, showing expert and competent legal reasoning. The urgent case of a young boy, Jehovah’s Witness, suffering from leukaemia and refusing transfusion, leads Fiona to the most difficult decision, one that involves life and death, religious freedom and the child’s welfare. The novel constitutes the occasion for some reflections on the English Family Law system and minors’ protection – as settled by Parliament in The Children Act 1989 – and on the recent reforms of the Family Justice, aimed at improving the “private” resolution of family conflicts through mediation as a means of reducing the “expensive” Courts intervention.
Grammaticalization of causatives and passives and their recent development into stance markers in Korean
Authors: Rhee Seongha , Koo Hyung Jung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a unique state of affairs of "causatives" and "passives" in Korean. The two grammatical notions have long remained unstable due to the fact that certain morphological causatives and passives are formally identical and that these two no-tions are conceptually closely related. The paper also analyzes the processes involved in their development by tracing their paths to Middle Korean. In addition, it describes their recent change in Modern Korean, which has further complicated their usage, i.e. some of them have acquired an extended function as markers of the speaker’s attenuative stance to show politeness. This extension is motivated at the conceptual level by the demotion of agent to promote humility and the functional reinterpretation of existing forms; and, furthermore, at the socio-cultural level by political influence and language contact, among others. The current paper argues that this development involves diverse participating factors, i.e. discursive strategies, subjectification, inter-subjectification, and functional extension, and that linguistic variability may persevere over a long period of time.
Introducing the ORIGINS project: a community-based interventional birth cohort
Authors: Silva Desiree T. , Hagemann Erika , Davis Jacqueline A. , Gibson Lisa Y. , Srinivasjois Ravisha , Palmer Debra J. , Colvin Lyn , Tan Jamie , Prescott Susan L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose the greatest threat to human health globally. The dramatic rise in early onset NCDs – such as childhood obesity, the allergy epidemic and an increasing burden of mental ill health in children and youth – reflect the profound early impact of modern environments on developing systems. The ORIGINS Project is a research platform enabling world class investigation of early antecedent pathways to NCDs, and how to curtail these. As well as facilitating strategic long-term research capacity, ORIGINS is a pipeline for short-term productivity through a series of clinical trials, early interventions, mechanistic studies, and targeted research questions to improve maternal and paternal health and the early environment.

Methods
ORIGINS is a decade-long collaborative initiative between the Joondalup Health Campus (JHC) and the Telethon Kids Institute (TKI) to establish a Western Australian (WA) birth cohort of 10,000 families, enrolled during pregnancy. It is currently funded to follow up participating children and their families to five years of age. Comprehensive data and biological samples are collected from participants at up to 15 different timepoints, from the first antenatal clinic visit. In the process, ORIGINS is creating a major research platform, consisting of an extensive, world class biobank and databank. Of key strength and novelty, ORIGINS includes a series of harmonised nested sub-projects integrated with clinical and diagnostic services and providing real-time feedback to improve the health of individuals and the community.

Conclusions
At its core, ORIGINS aims to improve the health and quality of life of the next generation through improved pathways to optimise the early environment and reduce adversity by promoting primary prevention, early detection and early intervention. This dynamic, interactive, community-based project not only provides novel research capacity, productivity, collaboration and translational impact on future generations – it is also anticipated to have flow on benefits for community engagement, cohesion and purpose. This will provide a sentinel example for tailored replication in other communities around the world as part of interconnected grass root strategies to improve planetary health.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aloizou Athina-Maria , Pateraki Georgia , Anargyros Konstantinos , Siokas Vasileios , Bakirtzis Christos , Liampas Ioannis , Nousia Anastasia , Nasios Grigorios , Sgantzos Markos , Peristeri Eleni , Dardiotis Efthimios 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most well-known autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, and constitutes a major cause of disability, especially in young individuals. A wide array of pharmacological treatments is available, but they have often been proven to be ineffective in ameliorating disease symptomatology or slowing disease progress. As such, non-invasive and non-pharmacological techniques have been gaining more ground. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) utilizes the electric field generated by a magnetic coil to stimulate neurons and has been applied, usually paired with electroencephalography, to study the underlying pathophysiology of MS, and in repetitive trains, in the form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), to induce long-lasting changes in neuronal circuits. In this review, we present the available literature on the application of TMS and rTMS in the context of MS, with an emphasis on its therapeutic potential on various clinical aspects, while also naming the ongoing trials, whose results are anticipated in the future.
Systemwechsel in der Pflegeversicherung?
Authors: Meyer Dirk 
Published: February 2021

Summary
In October 2004, in Germany a pre-operating study was started in order to prove the feasibility and consequences of the use of personal budgets by persons who are in need of nursing care. About 1.000 care dependent persons living in seven regions are included in this triannual study. For three years they receive a budget amounting to 100 percent of their right of benefit in kind according to the German compulsory long term care insurance. This budget has to be used exclusively for care-related services and must not be spent for assistance deliv­ered by family members or neighbours.
From socio-economic perspectives, the personal budget will result in a pro­motion of individuals instead of certain services or service institutions. An analysis shows, that the consequences might be an increased efficiency and effectiveness as well as structural changes within the supply of nursing care services. But to achieve these advantages, certain conditions must be provided. At first, the amount of the budget has to correspond to the individual need of care, which can change over time. Secondly, a misapplication of the personal fund has to be prevented without to exclude the potential of local or family dedication. And finally, new ways of quality assurance are requested due to the scope for development, which arises through deregulation.
Ertragsunabhängige Unternehmenssteuerbelastung im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Broer Michael 
Published: February 2021

Summary
One of the federal government’s most important projects is its reform of business taxation, planned for 2008. The key elements of this reform, published in summer 2006, provide for a reduction in the nominal tax burden on corporations from 38.65 % to 29.8 %. In return, an aspect of German taxation, namely the Hinzurechnung method, by which the interest paid on long-term debt was added back onto profit and which up to now has applied only with respect to the trade tax collected by the municipalities, is to be extended to corporation tax and is to include all interest paid as well as the financing part of rents, hire and leasing amounts. The key elements did not mention what percentage was to be added back on. One aspect which is important in terms of the effect the 2008 reform of business taxation has on the tax burden on companies is whether, despite a reduction in the tax rate, extending the Hinzurechnung method will lead to an increase in the burden on companies from taxes not dependent on earnings, and how this burden fares in international comparison. Attempts are being made to answer this question using a microeconomic and a macroeconomic approach. It would appear that the amendments as set out in the key elements published would lead to an increase in Germany’s currently very low burden from taxes not dependent on earnings. However, it should also be noted that even if this burden were to experience a strong percentage rise, it would still be relatively low in international comparison. In contrast to the extension of the Hinzurechnung method used in trade tax, a critical view should be taken of any inclusion into corporate taxation of non-earnings-dependent elements.
What Drives Investment in Telecommunications Markets? Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Heimeshoff Ulrich 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent studies provide clear evidence that the quality of telecommunications infrastructure has strong impacts on economic growth. Especially in Germany there is a controversial debate how to stimulate telecommunications investment to foster the introduction of Next Generation Networks. To find appropriate policies to enhance infrastructure investment one has to get a thorough understanding of the determinants of infrastructure investment. Using a panel consisting of 30 OECD countries for the period 1990 to 2011 and taking account of possible non-stationarities in aggregate data, we investigate the main drivers of telecommunications investment on an aggregate level applying dynamic panel data methods. Our main finding is an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita telecommunications investment and competition.