bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and construction of a test bench for the manufacture and on-machine non-contact inspection of parts obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Peña F , Fernández C , Valiño G , Álvarez B J , Rico J C , Mateos S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Industrial application of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is subjected to limitations related to the lack of dimensional and geometrical accuracy of manufactured parts. Many works were dedicated to improve quality of parts manufactured by AM, but integrated solutions in commercial-type AM machines have not been achieved yet. With this aim, the present work describes the design, manufacture and starting-up of a mechatronic test bench first prototype, with the double capability of 3D printing by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and non-contact inspection of deposited layers. Both systems operate coordinately as the part is constructed. Final tests describe the effectiveness of both integrated systems and state the basis for further research.
Topology optimization and additive manufacturing applied to a camera bracket for a 3U CubeSat
Authors: Serrano M , Andrés E M , González I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work is aimed to perform the optimization of the design of a camera bracket for a 3U CubeSat. The weight of the initial design is 1.15 kg which needs to be reduced below 150 g, maintaining enough stiffness to withstand the launch loads. Topology Optimization is applied with Altair’s OptiStruct Inspire software to fulfil the mass reduction requirement, with promising result. Lastly, a PLA prototype is manufactured via Additive Manufacturing.
Preliminary study of Augmented Reality based manufacturing for further integration of Quality Control 4.0 supported by metrology
Authors: Ho P T , Albajez J A , Yagüe J A , Santolaria J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) is a key technology enabling Industry 4.0, which enriches human perspectives by overlaying digital information onto the real world. The maturity of AR technology has grown recently. As processes in the automotive and aeronautic sectors require high quality and near-zero error rates to ensure the safety of end-users, AR can be implemented to facilitate workers with immersive interfaces to enhance productivity, accuracy and autonomy in the quality sector. In order to analyse whether there is a real and growing interest in the use of AR as assisting technology for manufacturing sector in general and quality control in particular, two specific research questions are defined. In addition, two well-known research databases (Scopus, Web of Science) are used for the paper selection phase in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to conduct a preliminary study and evaluate the current development of AR applications in manufacturing sector in order to answer the defined questions. It is found that while the development of AR technology has widely implemented to assign real-time information to several systems and processes in assembly and maintenance sectors, this tendency has only emerged in the quality sector over the last few years. However, AR-based quality control has proved its advantages in improving productivity, accuracy and precision of operators as well as benefits to manufacturing in terms of product and process quality control across different manufacturing phases.
Path towards embedding industry 4.0 paradigm – Digital competence overview in HEI: The Alto Minho Region case study
Authors: Pereira T , Amaral A , Barreto L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The increased adoption of IoT and analytical devices, telecommunication systems, smart sensors, and diverse information systems have brought significant impacts to Industry 4.0. To respond to this rapid technological evolvement is essential to ensure a proper articulation of HEI (Higher Education Institutions) with industry, to better prepare graduates with the appropriate competencies and technological capabilities within the digital transition of the industry. This paper aims to present a research project developed in digital transformation amongst HEI students, in the Alto-Minho region disclosing the trigger points to increase the digital adoption and embedding of Industry 4.0 paradigm. The obtained results enabled to conclude an apparent low level of digital literacy, a lack of vision and awareness about the technology potentialities throughout industry activities, besides its use almost restricted to leisure and as study support, as well as lack on cybersecurity domain-specific competencies.
Maintenance management and Optimization of the thermoforming process for the agri-food industry using the S2 model
Authors: Álvarez F J , Salgado D R , González A G , Pérez O L , Romero F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The agri-food industry has been greatly enhanced in recent years with the introduction of process control and the automation [1] of certain links in the production chain. The seasons of the year in which these machines must be operational and show robust and reliable operation, have short durations (2 to 4 months) and are therefore greatly affected by unexpected failures that cause stops on the production lines. This paper attempts to expose a comparative advantages that can be obtained in terms of availability and efficiency in the thermoforming process. With the introduction of Industry 4.0 [2, 4] and the S2 model [5] and actuator control and early action, it is possible to optimize availability and efficiency ratios on thermoformer machines. Results show that it’s possible to reduce unexpected failures by means of this optimization tools. Two improvement strategies are outlined. Maintenance Management improvement model improves response to failures but does not optimize the useful life of the components. Algorithm life optimization based on S2 model optimizes service life and improves response to failure.
Performance analysis of teaching methodologies applied to graduate subjects on risk engineering and management in industrial environments
Authors: Rodríguez A , González C , Sebastián M A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the risk engineering and management teaching, technical guides need to be complemented with standards, regulations, guides and professional criteria of Spanish and international prestigious institutions. This situation allows the extension of teaching opportunities, addressed to design teaching activities focused on the analysis and knowledge of considered industrial safety technologies. For this, from the Manufacturing Engineering area of the National Distance Education University, a methodology based on the simulation of the actual Health & Safety professional practice has been developed. In this work, an analysis of the student’s opinions on the teaching methodology of several National Distance Education University subjects related to industrial risk engineering and management is performed. The study covers a period of five academic years, collecting a total of 232 surveys. The analysis methodology has allowed to obtain a general view related to the student satisfaction. Among, the conclusions, it can be highlighted the satisfaction with evaluation model, the flexibility, the quality of contents and the teaching methodology. Finally, in the future, this methodology will be used to perform another teaching performance based on other approaches based, for example, specifically in the training -obtained in these subjects- for professional issues.
Historical-technological study, modeling and reconstruction to scale of the six-cylinder pump of Taqī ad-Dîn
Authors: Cabeza I M , Lopez R , Dorado R , Medina G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work presents both a historical study and a technological analysis of one of the most ingenious Middle Ages’ mechanisms in the East. This time can be considered one of the darkest stages, as far as technological progress is concerned. However, we can refute this qualification by contributions such as the Taqī Ad-Dîn (1526-1585) one. This article has addressed a study of the great work of this inventor, “Al-Turuq al-samiyya fi al-alat al-ruhaniyya” or “The Sublime Methods for Spiritual Machines” (1551). Thus, within this work, we focus on his most relevant hydraulic machine, “The Six-Cylinder Pump”: a hydraulic machine for lifting water. This functionality is obtained through the use of six cylinders in line, unheard of at that time, with their corresponding pistons. We explain its operation and describe the mechanism’s multiple components, their role within this device, and its most significant characteristics and peculiarities. A virtual interpretation of “The Six-Cylinder Pump” has been made using CAD software. A virtual animation has also been carried out to appreciate the mode of operation. It is possible to accomplish the mechanical analysis of its most characteristic elements through the assisted engineering modules. Finally, we show a mock-up of the mechanism using different technologies and materials, which helps appreciate its performance.
Sugar cane industrial heritage in oriental coast of Málaga. A tourist route opportunity
Authors: Martín S , Trujillo F J , Bermudo C , Claver J , Sebastián M A , Sevilla L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Industrial heritage, as a historical and cultural heritage typology, can be considered a new opportunity to generate tourism interest in a zone. Along the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, the oriental coast of Málaga (Spain) was considered a reference area in the sugar cane cultivation and manufacturing. Nowadays, different sugar cane factories assets remain. These assets can be considered an opportunity to increase visitors and to improve the economy of this area. In this work, six sugar cane factories have been evaluated. Different characteristics has been proposed and a value has been assigned to each one. Finally, a route to visit the proposed sugar cane factories has been designed. The main advantage of this tourism route is that can be done in one day, reinforcing the current touristic offer and attracting new visitors to this area.
Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles-doped hydroxyapatite as antibacterial and antioxidant nanocomposite
Authors: Fatimah Is , Citradewi Putwi Widya , Yahya Amri , Nugroho Bambang Hernawan , Hidayat Habibi , Purwiandono Gani , Sagadevan Suresh , Mohd Ghazali Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh , Ibrahim Shariff 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A composite of hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with green synthesized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was prepared. Au NPs were produced via the bioreduction of HAuCl4 with Clitoria ternatea flower extract and utilized in HA synthesis, using Ca(OH)2 and ammonium diphosphate as precursors. The aim of this research was to analyze the structure of the composite and conduct an antibacterial activity test involving Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. In addition, antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging. Au NP formation monitoring was conducted by UV–visible spectroscopy and particle size analysis, and the synthesized composite was studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed homogeneously dispersed Au NPs (particle size ranging from 5 to 80 nm) in the HA structure. The nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria compared to HA, with minimum inhibition concentrations of 3 μg ml−1 for E.coli and S.aureus and 10 μg ml−1 for K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. The nanocomposite expressed antioxidant activity, as shown by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities of 66% and 58% at concentrations of 100 μg ml−1 and 50 μg ml−1, respectively.
Feasibility of a High-Volume Filter Sampler for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 Patient Rooms
Authors: Wilson Amanda M , Kaur Kamaljeet , Jones Rachael M , Kelly Kerry E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 by COVID-19 patients can put healthcare workers and susceptible individuals at risk of infection. Air sampling for SARS-CoV-2 has been conducted in healthcare settings, but methods vary widely and there is need for improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a high-volume filter sampler, BioCapture z720, to detect SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patient rooms in a medical intensive care unit, a dedicated COVID-19 ward, and at nurses’ stations. In some locations, the BioSpot-VIVAS, known for high efficiency in the collection of virus-containing bioaerosols, was also operated. The samples were processed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA with multi-plex nested polymerase chain reaction. One of 28 samples collected with the high-volume filter sampler was positive for SARS-CoV-2; all 6 samples collected with BioSpot-VIVAS were negative for SARS-CoV-2. The high-volume filter sampler was more portable and less intrusive in patient rooms than the BioSpot-VIVAS, but limits of detection remain unknown for this device. This study will inform future work to evaluate the reliability of these types of instruments and inform best practices for their use in healthcare environments for SARS-CoV-2 air sampling.
Quantitative model suggests both intrinsic and contextual features contribute to the transcript coding ability determination in cells
Authors: Kang Yu-Jian , Li Jing-Yi , Ke Lan , Jiang Shuai , Yang De-Chang , Hou Mei , Gao Ge 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gene transcription and protein translation are two key steps of the ‘central dogma.’ It is still a major challenge to quantitatively deconvolute factors contributing to the coding ability of transcripts in mammals. Here, we propose ribosome calculator (RiboCalc) for quantitatively modeling the coding ability of RNAs in human genome. In addition to effectively predicting the experimentally confirmed coding abundance via sequence and transcription features with high accuracy, RiboCalc provides interpretable parameters with biological information. Large-scale analysis further revealed a number of transcripts with a variety of coding ability for distinct types of cells (i.e. context-dependent coding transcripts), suggesting that, contrary to conventional wisdom, a transcript’s coding ability should be modeled as a continuous spectrum with a context-dependent nature.
From communal duties to individual rights: The migration of Indian social workers to England
Authors: Hakak Yohai , Francis Toks 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The demand for social workers in England has been outstripping supply for more than a decade. As a result, social work continues to be on the UK Shortage Occupation List (2021; available online at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/immigration-rules/immigration-rules-appendix-shortage-occupation-list (accessed May 26, 2021), ensuring the migration of social workers will continue. While several studies have examined the experiences of migrating social workers, these studies largely neglected the impact culture plays in this transition. This article will focus on the experiences of social workers who were trained in India and migrated to England. It is part of a much larger study that used a mixed method approach to explore the migration to England of social workers from eight different countries. Indian social workers highlighted the significant differences between the individualistic character of English culture and the much more collectivist Indian culture. This difference shaped a range of attitudes towards the family and parenting, as well as the distinctions between what is ‘public’ or ‘communal’ and what is ‘private’. Other differences raised were regarding communication resulting from the more hierarchical tendencies of Indian society. In the final section, implications for practice are discussed and recommendations are made for the induction required to help future migrating social workers make a smoother transition.
Acquiescence and Its Role in the Settlement of Island Disputes: “Silence May also Speak”, But to What Extent?
Authors: Yan SONG 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Acquiescence usually takes the form of silence or absence of protest in circumstances that reasonably call for objections. This notion has been frequently invoked by States in territorial cases, especially recent island disputes. Based on the latest international jurisprudence, this article will study whether, and to what extent, the special case of island disputes would affect international courts’ consideration of acquiescence. As suggested by this study, international jurisprudence has set a high threshold for proof regarding the elements of acquiescence. Nevertheless, acquiescence seldom constitutes a sole and independent legal title for the settlements of island disputes, but as an important element for the establishment of a historic title, treaty interpretation and the application of effectivités. In addition, it is of more frequent occurrence that international courts contemplate the possibility of transferring a title to an island based on the notion of acquiescence, but the conditions for the transfer of title are strictly defined.
A Role for CXCR3 Ligands as Biomarkers of Post-Operative Crohn’s Disease Recurrence
Authors: Walshe Margaret , Nayeri Shadi , Ji Jiayi , Hernandez-Rocha Cristian , Sabic Ksenija , Hu Liangyuan , Giri Mamta , Nayar Shikha , Brant Steven , McGovern Dermot P B , Rioux John D , Duerr Richard H , Cho Judy H , Schumm Phil L , Lazarev Mark , Silverberg Mark S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Crohn’s disease [CD] recurrence following ileocolic resection [ICR] is common. We sought to identify blood-based biomarkers associated with CD recurrence.

Methods
CD patients undergoing ICR were recruited across six centres. Serum samples were obtained at post-operative colonoscopy. A multiplex immunoassay was used to analyse 92 inflammation-related proteins [Olink Proteomics]. Bayesian analysis was used to identify proteins associated with increasing Rutgeerts score. Identified proteins were used in receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis to examine the ability to identify CD recurrence [Rutgeerts score ≥i2]. Existing single cell data were interrogated to further elucidate the role of the identified proteins.

Results
Data from 276 colonoscopies in 213 patients were available. Median time from surgery to first and second colonoscopy was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 6–9) and 19 [IQR 16–23] months, respectively. Disease recurrence was evident at 60 [30%] first and 36 [49%] second colonoscopies. Of 14 proteins significantly associated with Rutgeerts score, the strongest signal was seen for CXCL9 and MMP1. Among patients on anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs, CXCL9 and CXCL11 were most strongly associated with Rutgeerts score. Both are CXCR3 ligands. Incorporation of identified proteins into ROC analysis improved the ability to identify disease recurrence as compared to C-reactive protein alone: area under the curve [AUC] 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.82] vs 0.64 [95% CI 0.56–0.72], p = 0.012. Single cell transcriptomic data provide evidence that innate immune cells are the primary source of the identified proteins.

Conclusions
CXCR3 ligands are associated with CD recurrence following ICR. Incorporation of novel blood-based candidate biomarkers may aid in identification of CD recurrence.
Impact of COVID-19 on angioplasty service and outcome of patients treated for critical limb ischaemia
Authors: Rodway A , Giltinan C , Dehghan-Nayeri A , Santos A , Stafford M , Whyte M B , Allan C , Field B , Clark J , Pazos Casal F , Pankhania A , Loosemore T , Heiss C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major challenge worldwide and endovascular revascularization is an important component of treatment that is affected by COVID-19 restrictions.

Purpose
Here, we evaluated the impact of COVID-19 restriction on angioplasty service and outcome of patients undergoing lower limb angioplasty.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing endovascular revascularisation between August 2018-March 2021 in a UK district general hospital were analysed retrospectively. Indications for angioplasty of all patients were discussed and agreed upon in multi-disciplinary teams. We compared time from referral to angioplasty, patient and procedural characteristics, technical success, peri-procedural complications, and outcome (wound healing, major amputation, target lesion revascularization, death) in patients treated 'before' and after February 2020 (“during COVID-19”).

Results
One hundred nineteen patients were treated 'before' (92% critical limb ischaemia [CLI]; 60% diabetes mellitus) and 72 were treated 'during COVID-19' (96% CLI; 61% diabetes mellitus). While the total monthly number of patients treated did not change, the number of outpatients treated as day cases increased (40% to 72%) and overnight stays for social reasons decreased (16% to 10%). Treatment of hospitalized patients decreased from 44% to 18%. The percentage of outpatients treated at &lt;14 days after referral increased from 39% to 63% and hospitalized patients treated &lt;5 days from 47% to 54%. Neither COVID-19 nor time to procedure affected wound healing (p(log Rank) = 0.451; median time to healing 168±25 days) and amputation free survival (p(log Rank) = 0.924; median survival 368±30 days) in all CLI patients significantly. However, amputation-free survival was significantly worse in hospitalized as compared to outpatients (p(log Rank) &lt;0.001; median survival 155±20 vs 368±30 days) with similar wound healing in those that survived (p(log Rank) = 0.340; median time to wound healing 168±25 days). Of note, the known causes of death were sepsis (32%), pneumonia (18%), COVID pneumonia (18%), cardiac (16%) and stroke (8%).

Conclusions
Adapting to COVID-19 restriction we maintained a safe and effective angioplasty service while shortening waiting times. Very high mortality rates in patients after hospitalization indicated that CLI need to be treated much earlier and more aggressively to avoid disease progression requiring hospitalization.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Organic carbon from graminoid roots as a driver of fermentation in a fen
Authors: Meier Anja B , Oppermann Sindy , Drake Harold L , Schmidt Oliver 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Fen Schlöppnerbrunnen is a moderately acidic methane-emitting peatland overgrown by Molinia caerulea and other wetland graminoids (e.g. Carex rostrata). Recently, the accumulation of H2, an indicator for fermentation, was observed with anoxically incubated C. rostrata roots but not with root-free fen soil. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that root-derived organic carbon has a higher capacity to promote fermentation processes than peat organic carbon from root-free fen soil. To address this hypothesis, C. rostrata and M. caerulea roots were anoxically incubated with or without fen soil and the product profiles of root treatments were compared with those of root-free soil treatments. Ethanol, acetate, propionate, butyrate, H2 and CO2 accumulated in root treatments and collective amounts of carbon in accumulating products were 20–200 times higher than those in root-free soil treatments, in which mainly CO2 accumulated. Analyses of 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Clostridium, Propionispira and Rahnella, representatives of butyrate, propionate and mixed acid fermenters, respectively, were relatively enriched in root treatments. In contrast, differences of the microbial community before and after incubation were marginal in root-free soil treatments. Collectively, these findings supported the assumed stimulatory effect of root-derived organic carbon on fen fermenters.