bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Animal Spices and Experimental Technique to Evaluate Sustained Release Granules
Authors: Miyake Masateru , Kano Mayumi , Suzuki Yuji , Kato Masami , Mukai Tadashi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEstablishment of a suitable animal model to evaluate sustained release (SR) formulations is very important because it reduces the development time of SR formulations. Beagle dogs are often used to evaluate prototype formulations since they can be directly administered powder, such as drug substance. However, the physiological condition of dogs is very different to that of humans. Therefore, the benefits of utilizing beagle dogs for the evaluation of modified release formulations such as sustained release formulations and enteric‐coated formulations are doubtful. To clarify the best animal and/or experimental technique for the evaluation of modified release formulations, we investigated dipyridamole pharmacokinetics from prototype sustained release granules by utilizing beagle dogs, propantheline bromide‐treated (PBT) beagle dogs, and miniature pigs. In normal dogs, the intestinal absorption and sustained release effect of dipyridamole decreased in the 20 mg sustained release granule. However, in PBT dogs, a sustained release effect was observed in the 45 mg sustained release granule, and its bioavailability was also maintained. Accordingly, PBT dogs could be the best to evaluate sustained release formulations such as tablets and granules, and the use of miniature pigs might be better to evaluate granules with equal to or less than 1 mm diameter.
Can AI replace humans? Comparing the capabilities of AI tools and human performance in a business management education scenario
Authors: Herath Dinuka B. , Ode Egena , Herath Gayanga B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study provides a comparative assessment of the capabilities of leading artificial intelligence (AI) tools and human participants in a business management education context. Specifically, we (a) assess how well current language models perform in providing answers to standardised essay‐type assessments in a business and management education context, (b) examine the efficacy of emergent tools in detecting AI‐generated texts and (c) evaluate online AI rewriting and paraphrasing tools and their efficacy in evading detection. Using an exploratory qualitative design, this study generated and evaluated 15 standard essays using ChatGPT (n = 5), Bard (n = 5) and human (n = 5). A comparison is provided between the average performance of AI‐derived essays and that of ChatGPT‐generated essays across all five essays. The results suggest that AI‐generated content can achieve reasonably high marks in management and business assessments. According to the findings of the study, AI's performance is highly influenced by the types of prompts used, the user's experience and the degree to which the user can discern between relevant and irrelevant content. According to the findings, Turnitin's AI detection tool is highly effective at detecting content that has been created by AI, but the effectiveness is reduced by rewriters. The Turnitin AI detection tool, however, is significantly more effective at identifying content generated by Bard compared with content generated by ChatGPT. According to the results, ChatGPT produced better results when the user provided a clear context, outlined the topic and expectations, divided the assessment tasks into sections and fed the prompts in a conversational manner to train the model. By utilising AI chatbots effectively, traditional teaching and assessment methods can be supplemented with targeted and engaging learning experiences.
Luminescent Carbon Dots From Biomass Waste for the Sensitive Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Tablet Dosage Forms
Authors: Mohamed Nehal , Hamed Mahmoud , Mansour Fotouh R. , Zarad Walaa , Emara Samy , Shawky Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAffordable and eco‐friendly green spectrofluorometric (FL) methods can enhance the safety and cost‐effectiveness of quality assurance and control in ascorbic acid (ASA) formulations. However, most current techniques for ASA analysis have faced challenges like complexity, delayed response times, low throughput, time‐consuming procedures, and requirements for expensive equipment and hazardous chemicals for analyte modification. The study is aimed at producing natural carbon quantum dots (NACQDs) from pumpkin seed peels (PSPs), a natural waste material, using a rapid microwave‐assisted method. A variety of techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, were employed to characterize the PSP‐based NACQDs. The NACQDs were used as probes for FL analysis of ASA, where the addition of ASA caused fluorescence quenching of the NACQDs. The developed method demonstrated good linearity (r = 0.996), sensitivity, accuracy (percentage recovery ranging from 99.36% to 100.35%), and precision (%RSD less than 0.21%) in the quantification of ASA in the range of 0.3–15 μg/mL. The method's LOD and LOQ values were 0.1 and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. The successful analysis of ASA in tablet formulations demonstrated the practicality of the proposed method. Greenness assessment tools highlighted its superior eco‐friendliness compared to reference techniques.
Mpox disease, diagnosis, and point of care platforms
Authors: Atceken Nazente , Bayaki Ikra , Can Berk , Yigci Defne , Tasoglu Savas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHuman Mpox disease (MPX) is an endemic zoonotic disease that develops when patients are infected with the Mpox virus (MPXV). MPXV shares a high level of genetic similarity to other poxviruses and the clinical presentation of MPX is similar to other poxvirus infections which can result in a delay in diagnosis. In addition, the MPXV virus is phylogenetically divided into two different clades which affects the severity of disease. In recent years, there has been an unusual worldwide spread of MPXV, leading to a global public health problem. The most important step in the fight against MPX is rapid, highly specific, and accurate diagnosis. Following the rapid spread of disease in recent years, efforts to develop diagnostic tests have gained momentum. Here, MPX, MPX epidemiology, and MPX diagnostic tests are discussed. Furthermore, biochemical diagnostic tests, molecular diagnostic tests and their development, and point‐of‐care (PoC) diagnostic applications are reviewed. Molecular diagnostic technologies such as polymerase chain reaction, recombinase polymerase amplification, and loop‐mediated isothermal amplification methods that detect MPX are evaluated. Additionally, next‐generation combined molecular techniques and their importance in PoC transition are explored.
Phytometabolites, Pharmacological Effects, Ethnomedicinal Properties, and Bioeconomic Potential of Velvet Apple (Diospyros discolor Willd.): A Review
Authors: Nahar Lutfun , Ahmed Md Nasir , Alfi Afroze Chowdhury , Sangthong Sarita , Guo Mingquan , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDiospyros discolor Willd., commonly known as velvet apple or Mabolo, is an underutilized fruit. Traditionally, various parts of D. discolor have been used in medicine for treating dysentery, diarrhea, and respiratory issues. Pharmacologically, the plant has exhibited diverse effects, including anti‐acetylcholinesterase, anti‐asthmatic, antiaging, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and thrombolytic activities. These findings substantiate its traditional uses, particularly its potential as an antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, and vasorelaxant agent. This plant is notable for its rich aromatic profile, containing 39 volatile compounds in the fruit and peel, with esters and α‐farnesene being the predominant compounds. Volatile esters such as methyl butyrate and ethyl dominate the aroma. Nutritionally, the fruit contains dietary fiber, malic acid, vitamins, essential fatty acids, flavonoids, and triterpenes. Additionally, bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, and dimeric naphthoquinones (e.g., diospyrin), have been isolated from the plant. The essential oil derived from its flowers further enhances its bioeconomic and health benefits. Moreover, D. discolor holds bioeconomic potential as a biosorbent, a source of timber and edible fruits, and a material for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. This review consolidates current knowledge on the traditional uses, phytometabolites, pharmacological properties, and bioeconomic potential of D. discolor. The potential toxicity of this plant and its components has also been reviewed.
Decoding Plant‐Based Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Mohamed Hamza , Maaza Malik , Krief Alain , Gibaud Alain 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study presents, for the first time, the comparison of behavior between two commonly found plant species, their extracts, and their major constituents (glucose and sucrose constituting over 70% of their dried extract) to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) from zinc nitrate hexahydrate. The findings underscore the critical role of sugars as key constituents in facilitating this synthesis. This research demonstrates that the process can occur at relatively low temperatures (120°C). However, it necessitates a specific ratio of reactants to produce “clean” ZnO NPs. These findings offer significant insights into the optimization and control of the nanoparticle synthesis process.
A new peptide inhibitor of C1QBP exhibits potent anti‐tumour activity against triple negative breast cancer by impairing mitochondrial function and suppressing homologous recombination repair
Authors: Li Xingxing , Wu Yue , Zhang Min , Wang Fengliang , Yin Hong , Zhang Yanrong , Zhao Shuli , Ma Jiehua , Lv Mingming , Lu Cheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractC1QBP exhibits heightened expression across a spectrum of tumours, thereby fostering their proliferation and metastasis, rendering it a pivotal therapeutic target. Nevertheless, to date, no pharmacological agents capable of directly targeting and inducing the degradation of C1QBP have been identified. In this study, we have unveiled a new peptide, PDBAG1, derived from the precursor protein GPD1, employing a peptidomics‐based drug screening strategy. PDBAG1 has demonstrated substantial efficacy in suppressing triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) both in vitro and in vivo. Its mechanism of action involves mitochondrial impairment and the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), achieved through direct binding to C1QBP, thereby promoting its ubiquitin‐dependent degradation. Concomitantly, due to metabolic adaptability, we have observed an up‐regulation of glycolysis to compensate for OXPHOS inhibition. We observed an aberrant phenomenon wherein the hypoxia signalling pathway in tumour cells exhibited significant activation under normoxic conditions following PDBAG1 treatment. Through size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays, we have validated that PDBAG1 is capable of binding C1QBP with a Kd value of 334 nM. Furthermore, PDBAG1 inhibits homologous recombination repair proteins and facilitates synergism with poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitors in cancer therapy. This underscores that PDBAG1 ultimately induces insurmountable survival stress through multiple mechanisms while concurrently engendering therapeutic vulnerabilities specific to TNBC.Key points
The newly discovered peptide PDBAG1 is the first small molecule substance found to directly target and degrade C1QBP, demonstrating significant tumour inhibitory effects and therapeutic potential.
Clinicopathological evaluation of the efficacy of endoscopic treatment for sessile serrated lesions comparing endoscopic mucosal resection, cold snare polypectomy, and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Kagemoto Kaizo , Okamoto Koichi , Okada Yasuyuki , sei Motoko , Fujimoto Shota , Yagi Mai , Mitsuhashi Takeshi , Ueda Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Takanori , Kashihara Takanori , Kawaguchi Tomoyuki , Kida Yoshifumi , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Kawano Yutaka , Sogabe Masahiro , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Sato Yasushi , Muguruma Naoki , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesRecently, various endoscopic treatments for colorectal polyps have been reported, including cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR), in addition to EMR. However, a precise treatment strategy for sessile serrated lesions (SSL) has not been established. In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathological features of SSL resected by EMR, CSP, and UEMR to determine the most suitable treatment for SSL.MethodsA total of 92 SSL resected via EMR (n = 11), CSP (n = 36), and UEMR (n = 45) were retrospectively enrolled between February 2021 and October 2022. To evaluate pathological findings, we examined SSL samples, which were stretched before formalin fixation and sectioned at 2‐mm intervals. Primary outcomes were the R0 resection rate and thickness of submucosal (SM) tissue specimens for each treatment. In addition, we evaluated SSL with dysplasia (SSLD) and the inverted growth pattern which may affect the vertical margin.ResultsThe R0 resection rate significantly differed among the three groups (EMR, 73%; CSP, 42%; UEMR, 87%, p = 0.001). The median thickness of SM tissue resected by CSP (0 µm) was significantly less than that by EMR (362 µm) and UEMR (325 µm; p < 0.001). All four SSLDs were diagnosed endoscopically. Five SSLs with inverted growth patterns were pathologically diagnosed. Of these, two SSLs with inverted growth patterns could not be diagnosed endoscopically.ConclusionsUEMR is considered to be a suitable treatment option for SSL. CSP results were pathologically insufficient. Therefore, surveillance to evaluate local recurrence is important, and the results of further multicenter prospective studies should be referred.
Experimental Verifications of Uninterruptible Power Supply Using a Flywheel Motor‐Generator and a Planetary Gear
Authors: Kato Shuhei , Shiojima Daisuke , Kawaguchi Takayuki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFlywheels have several advantages such as long life, high reliability, and high environmental resistance. This paper describes the application of flywheel to uninterruptible power supplies that rotate a motor‐generator at commercial frequencies of 3000 min−1. Conventional systems that use flywheel generators require high‐capacity semiconductor power converters for energy conversion. Moreover, a specially designed generator is required because the generator operates at variable speed. To overcome these weaknesses, this paper proposes a flywheel generator using a planetary gear, which is a mechanical shaft coupling mechanism. The use of a planetary gear enables the flywheel and generator to rotate at different speed. As a result, even if the flywheel speed drops during a power outage, the generator speed can be kept constant. This paper reports on the design guidelines and experimental verifications for a 1‐kW system
Elucidating Fluorine Steering Effects in Diels‐Alder Reactions Interfaced with Charge‐Enhanced Reactivity
Authors: Hoford Sabrina , Jan Julius , Johnston Jeffrey N. , Dudding Travis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFluorinated molecules are core to contemporary drug discovery programs and critical for advancing innovation in numerous fields. In merging these important chemical themes, fluorinated Diels‐Alder cycloaddition products are a particularly attractive subset of compounds with significant utility. Herein, an in‐depth computational and experimental study of fluorine substitution effects on dienophile partners in Diels‐Alder reactions is reported. Of particular focus to this study is understanding the origin of reaction rate deceleration as a consequence of employing fluorinated dienophiles and the factors controlling endo‐ vs. exo‐selectivity. To unlock insight into this unique reactivity, density function theory calculations, distortion/interaction‐activation strain models, energy decomposition analysis and natural bond orbital analysis, among other computational methods, were applied. In addition, the influence of oriented external‐electric‐field‐effects (OEEFs) and local electric field effects were explored. To further probe this effect, experimental studies of charge‐enhanced Diels‐Alder reactivity with fluorinated dienophiles were conducted. Collectively, this work offers novel mechanistic understanding pertinent to Diels‐Alder reactions of fluorinated dienophiles providing valuable fluorinated scaffolds.
Configuration path identification of investment risk in China's overseas energy projects: An exploration based on LDA and fsQCA
Authors: Chen Haonan , Wan Anxia , Peng Benhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChina's overseas energy investment is subject to various risks and uncertainties. This study uses the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model for text mining to comprehensively identify risk factors for overseas energy project investment. Then, we utilize fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the configuration path of risk based on 25 overseas energy project investment cases. The results show that there are six categories of investment risks in overseas energy projects, namely: political risk, economic risk, resource risk, environmental risk, social risk, and national relations risk. The occurrence of a single risk is insufficient to cause an investment in an overseas energy project to fail. Rather, it is only when multiple risks occur together and act in concert that the project is disadvantaged. The configuration paths of risk can be categorized into four types, which are geopolitical dominance type, socio‐economic dominance type, resource‐environment dominance type, and comprehensive type. From a holistic perspective, this study examines the cumulative impact of multiple risk factors on the investment effect of energy projects, illustrating the inherent complexity of investment risks associated with overseas energy projects. This study provides direction for investors and policymakers to develop effective risk management programs and sound investment strategies.
Techno‐economic, environmental impact and exergy analysis of microwave assisted drying of nutmeg mace
Authors: Alfiya P. V. , Jayashree E. , Anees K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to reduce the drying time of mace under microwave pre‐treatment and to analyze the energy, exergy, and techno‐economic feasibility of the process. Effect of microwave pretreatments were studied under three microwave power levels of 160, 320, and 480 W for an exposure time of 60 s. Drying time during convective drying without microwave pretreatment was 5.5 h, which was decreased by 18.2%, 27.3%, and 36.4% at microwave powers of 160, 320, and 480 W respectively. Moisture content of mace decreased from 45.66 ± 1.14% to 6%. under various drying conditions. The two‐term exponential model fitted the drying data under optimized conditions. The drying efficiency and exergy efficiency of the microwave assisted drying of mace was observed to be 29.53% and 26.74%, respectively. The values of economic attributes indicated the benefit cost ratio of 1.9 and payback period of 2.1 years. The sustainability index and environment destruction coefficient of the system was determined to be 1.10 and 2.41, respectively. Waste energy ratio, environmental impact factor and improvement potential of the developed drying process was 0.72, 1.52, and 0.46, respectively. The study concluded that microwave at optimal power of 320 W can be utilized for commercial production of mace with better retention of essential oil, oleoresin and color.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differential Mechanisms of Soft Rot Resistance in Lettuce Grown Under White and Blue Light
Authors: Wang Yong , Ma Xiaojing , Shang Wenkai , Luo Hengbin , Wang Longyu , Sun Kaile , Dong Han , An Guanghui , Shen Shunshan , Guo Zhixin , Dong Xiaoxing , Li Xinzheng , Piao Fengzhi , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSpecific light wavelengths can affect plant responses to pathogens. In this study, we investigated the soft rot resistance of lettuce grown under different light conditions and analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA‐seq data. The results revealed that blue‐light‐grown leaves had a better resistance to soft rot infection compared to the leaves grown under white light and other light conditions, as evidenced by the fewer soft rot symptoms and lower soft rot incidence. After soft rot infection, H2O2 levels increased in all samples grown under different light conditions but were the lowest in blue‐light‐grown leaves. Significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were observed in blue‐light‐grown leaves than in white‐light‐grown regardless of soft rot infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed that blue‐light‐grown leaves could better activate and maintain the expressions of CAT and SOD genes, isochorismate synthase and pathogenesis‐related protein genes, and the genes involved in the ascorbate‐glutathione cycle, the photosynthesis‐related metabolic pathways than white‐light‐grown leaves, which should contribute to the blue‐light‐induced soft rot resistance. In addition, we found many genes involved in the synthesis and signaling pathways of jasmonic acid and ethylene were significantly upregulated in white‐light‐grown leaves after soft rot infection. Thus, light quality in the growth environment can affect lettuce soft rot resistance by altering the antioxidant and photosynthetic systems and plant hormone‐related pathways, providing new ideas for the prevention and control of soft rot in lettuce.
Hidden Hunger in the Age of Abundance: The Nutritional Pitfalls of Modern Staple Crops
Authors: Yilmaz Hilal , Yilmaz Abdurrahim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHidden hunger, characterized by micronutrient deficiencies despite adequate caloric intake, affects over 2 billion people globally, primarily due to deficits in iron, vitamin A, and iodine. This phenomenon underscores a critical paradox in global food security: the Green Revolution, which significantly increased crop production through high‐yielding varieties (HYVs) of staple crops, has simultaneously contributed to widespread nutritional deficiencies. This article examines the dual legacy of the Green Revolution, exploring how its emphasis on yield over nutritional quality has led to decreased concentrations of essential micronutrients in staple crops, exacerbating hidden hunger. The extensive use of synthetic fertilizers, while boosting crop yields, has resulted in environmental degradation and economic burdens for smallholder farmers. Additionally, the shift towards dietary monoculture has reduced agricultural biodiversity and increased the prevalence of diet‐related non‐communicable diseases. Through diverse case studies from India, Zambia, Guatemala, the Philippines, Brazil, Mexico, and Ethiopia, this article illustrates various strategies to combat hidden hunger, including biofortification, multisectoral approaches, and sustainable agricultural practices. This article highlights the necessity for a multifaceted approach that integrates improved agricultural practices, dietary diversity, and supportive policies to enhance food security and public health. By addressing both caloric and nutritional needs, this comprehensive strategy aims to build resilient food systems that ensure a sustainable agricultural future.