bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alginate oligosaccharide/polysaccharide and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus FNCC–0041 & Streptococcus thermophilus FNCC–0040) as immunostimulants against pathogenic Vibrio spp. using Artemia bio model
Authors: Yudiati Ervia , Wijayanti D P , Azhar N , Chairunnisa A I , Sedjati S , Arifin Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Alginate polysaccharide/oligosaccharide (APS/AOS) has been proven as a good immunostimulant. FNCC–0041 & FNCC–0040 are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) producing exopolysaccharides. Vibrio bacteria are pathogenic for aquatic cultivans. This study determines the performance of APS/AOS in combination with LAB as immunostimulants. These were conducted in Artemia challenge test assay against three species of Vibrio spp., namely Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), V. harveyi (Vh), and V. vulnificus (Vv). The treatments were prepared by Factorial Design with two factors (APS/AOS doses and Vibrio spp.) and replicated three times. The APS/AOS concentration was 0, 300, 600, 900 ppm. There were 8 levels of vibrio challenges, namely non-Vibrio, Vp, Vh, Vv, Vp-Vh, Vh-Vp, Vv-Vp, and Vp-Vh-Vv. LAB and APS/AOS were fermented with seawater encapsulated by newly hatched Artemia’s nauplii for one hour. Ten nauplii were taken out and challenged with 108 cells/mL Vibrio. Its survival rate (SR) was counted every six hours until reached 100% mortality. Results show that SR of all nauplii Artemia bio encapsulated treatments was higher than control (p<0.05). The best survival rate was reached from 400 ppm AOS. It has appeared that there is a synergically positive effect among the bio encapsulated AOS and LAB to accelerate the Artemia’s immune system.
Life cycle assessment of expanded polystyrene
Authors: Lim Y S , Izhar T N T , Zakarya I A , Yusuf S Y , Zaaba S K , Mohamad M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is one of the most common materials used in packaging. In Malaysia, EPS is a type of plastic which is not in the recycling category. Usually, EPS wastes will end up in landfill and incinerator, leading to severe environmental impacts. Therefore, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) study of EPS was carried out to investigate the potential environmental impacts of EPS. The most significant potential environmental impact will also be identified. Both will be identified under 2 different scenarios. The study was analyzed using GaBi Education Software with the method of TRACI 2.1 to the environmental indicators of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and ozone depletion potential (ODP). In scenario 1, the emission percentage for GWP, AP, EP, and ODP are 99.73 %, 0.21 %, 0.06 %, and 3x10-6 %, respectively. As for scenario 2, all the 3 conditions show similar trend with scenario 1. The LCA study of EPS is particularly focused on the manufacturing, distribution, and the end-of-lifetime treatments, with the introduction of recycling into the system. The findings show that manufacturing of EPS is the major contributor of the environmental impacts and GWP contributes to the most significant potential environmental impacts. Overall, recycling was found to have the least impact to the environment, which possibly be used as the new end-of-lifetime treatment of EPS in Malaysia.
Production of Dianthus Caryophyllus L. Cultivar (Nanus) as A potted Flowering Plant Using Two Growth Retardants (Alar and Paclobutrazol)
Authors: Al-Bayati Mateen Yilmaz I. , Salih Ziyad Khalaf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment of one factor was carried out in the greenhouse of the University of Kirkuk - College of Agriculture - Agricultural Research and Experiment Station for the two agricultural seasons 2020-2021, by planting the seeds of the Carnations (Nanus) plant in special dishes for planting seeds filled with peat moss on 1-10-2020, when the reaching the required size of the root system, the seedlings were transferred on 20-1-2021 to the final and required size of the pots with a diameter of (13 cm) and were treated with two types of plant growth retardants (Alar and Paclobutrazol) at two different levels in addition to the control treatment (100-200) mg.l−1 Alar, (100-200) mg.l−1 Paclobutrazol and the spraying process was repeated 15 days after the first spray. The experiment resulted in a significant superiority of Paclobutrazol at the concentration 200 mg.l−1, as it was significantly superior by giving the lowest plant height and the highest flowers diameter compared to Alar factor and the control treatment, while Alar was significantly superior at the concentration of 100 mg.l−1 by giving the largest number of plant branches and the largest number of flowers compared to Paclobutrazol and control.
Field Emergence Affected by Zea Mays L. Cultivars and Seed Soaking in Acids of Ascorbic, Citric and Humic
Authors: Kadhim J. J. , Hamza Jalal Hameed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out during the spring season 2019 and 2020 to obtain a fast, uniform, and high field emergence ratio of maize seeds under a wide range of environmental conditions. Randomize complete block design in the split-plot arrangement was used with three replications. The first factor in the main plots was cultivars (5018, Baghdad3 and Sumer). The second factor in the sub-plots was seeds soaking with ascorbic and citric acids (100 mg L−1) each and humic (1 ml L−1) in addition to control treatment (seeds soaking with distilled water only). Results showed the superiority of soaking with humic acid significantly, as means of characteristics of field emergence in both seasons, respectively, were as follows: Last day of field emergence (12.4 and 12.6 days), time spread of field emergence (4.4 and 4.6 days), emergence at first and final counts (62.4 and 34.4 %) and (95.8 and 88.0 %), daily emergence rate (8.0 and 7.3 % day−1), mean field emergence time (8.7 and 9.3 days), emergence index rate (11.1 and 9.7 % day−1), velocity coefficient of field emergence (11.4 and 10.8) and emergence index (407.6 and 333.3). Cultivars didn’t differentiate among themselves, with the effect of seeds soaking in most traits. It can be concluded that seeds soaking with humic acid improved characteristics of emergence and seedlings, so it can be recommended to soaking maize seeds with humic acid at the concentration (1 ml L−1) when planting them in the spring season.
The Effect of Temperature Stress Associated With Different Planting Dates and Levels of Gibberellic Acid on The Growth of Sorghum Spring
Authors: Jabir Diaa Abd Alkarim , Mahmoud Mohammed Radwan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna during the spring season 2021 to determine the effect of planting dates on some growth characteristics of sorghum. The experiment was applied by arranging the split panels according to the RCBD design and with three replications. The main panels included three planting dates (4/15 ’ 4\5 ’ 3/25) while the secondary panels included gibberellin treatments (0, 100ppm) and the results were as follows: The planting date exceeded the first date 3/25 in the number of days to 75% flowering (97.5 days), the height of the plant (143.74 cm) and the diameter of the stem(2.34 cm) and the number of leaves per plant (8.73 leaves). 75% flowering, giving(92.33) days, plant height (136.55 cm), stem diameter (2.04 cm) and number of leaves (8.10 leaves).
Asian American Cultural Critique at the End of US Empire
Authors: Lye Colleen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSharpening contradictions in US–China economic interdependency has created a crisis and an opportunity for Asian American cultural critique. A crisis in that it is plainer than ever before that antiracism and anti-imperialism do not necessarily align; an opportunity in that US and China’s financial entanglements have fueled a boom in the Asian American novel as a lively genre of the transPacific credit economy. At the very least, this makes for the new social relevance of Asian American novel criticism.
Immigrant males’ knowledge influences baboon troop movements to reduce home range overlap and mating competition
Authors: Collet Julien , Pettorelli Nathalie , Baniel Alice , Carter Alecia J , Huchard Elise , King Andrew J , Lee Alexander E G , Marshall Harry H , Cowlishaw Guy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mechanistic models suggest that individuals’ memories could shape home range patterns and dynamics, and how neighbors share space. In social species, such dynamics of home range overlap may be affected by the pre-dispersal memories of immigrants. We tested this “immigrant knowledge hypothesis” in a wild population of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). We predicted that overlap dynamics with a given neighboring troop’s home range should reflect males’ adaptive interests in overlap when the alpha male had immigrated from this neighboring troop but less so when the alpha male originated from elsewhere. We used data collected between 2005 and 2013 on two neighboring troops in Namibia, comprising GPS records of daily ranges, male natal origins, daily females’ reproductive status, and a satellite index of vegetation growth. We found support for our prediction in line with male reproductive strategies but not in line with foraging conditions. In periods with a higher relative number of fertile females over adult males in the focal troop, male baboons would benefit from reducing overlap with their neighbors to mitigate the costs of between-troop mating competition. This was indeed observed but only when the alpha male of the focal troop was an immigrant from that neighboring troop, and not with alpha males of other origins, presumably due to their different knowledge of the neighboring troop. Our findings highlight the role of reproductive competition in the range dynamics of social groups, and suggest that spatial segregation between groups could increase through the combination of dispersal and memory.
The DGCR8 E518K mutation found in Wilms tumors leads to a partial miRNA processing defect that alters gene expression patterns and biological processes
Authors: Vardapour Romina , Kehl Tim , Kneitz Susanne , Ludwig Nicole , Meese Eckart , Lenhof Hans-Peter , Gessler Manfred 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal tumor in childhood. We and others have previously identified oncogenic driver mutations affecting the microprocessor genes DROSHA and DGCR8 that lead to altered miRNA expression patterns. In the case of DGCR8, a single recurrent hotspot mutation (E518K) was found in the RNA binding domain. To functionally assess this mutation in vitro, we generated mouse Dgcr8-KO embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines with an inducible expression of wild-type or mutant DGCR8, mirroring the hemizygous mutant expression seen in WT. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant differences of miRNA expression profiles in DGCR8-E518K compared with DGCR8-wild-type mESCs. The E518K mutation only led to a partial rescue of the reported miRNA processing defect in Dgcr8-KO, with selectively reduced expression of numerous canonical miRNAs. Nevertheless, DGCR8-E518K retained significant activity given its ability to still process many miRNAs. Subsequent to altered miRNA levels, the expression of mRNA targets was likewise changed. Functional assays showed that DGCR8-E518K cells still have a partial proliferation and differentiation defect but were able to rescue critical biological processes in embryoid body development. The stem cell program could be shut down and all three germ layers were formed. These findings suggest that the E518K mutation leads to a partial reduction of microprocessor activity and altered specificity with selective impairment only in certain developmental contexts, apparently including nephrogenesis.
Effective connectivity and criminal sentencing decisions: dynamic causal models in laypersons and legal experts
Authors: Asamizuya Takeshi , Saito Hiroharu , Higuchi Ryosuke , Naruse Go , Ota Shozo , Kato Junko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This magnetic resonance imaging study is designed to obtain relevant implications for criminal justice and explores the effective connectivity underlying expertise. Laypersons and experts considered sentences for remorseful and remorseless defendants, respectively, with and without mitigation, in hypothetical murder cases. Two groups revealed no differential activation. However, dynamic causal modeling analysis found distinct patterns of connectivity associated with subjects’ expertise and mitigating factors. In sentencing for remorseful defendants, laypersons showed increased strength in all bidirectional connections among activated regions of Brodmann area (BA) 32, BA23, the right posterior insula, and the precuneus. In contrast, legal experts sentenced based on mitigation reasoning, showed increased strength only in the bidirectional connection between the insula and the precuneus. When sentencing for remorseless ones without mitigation, both laypersons and experts increased the connection strength, but with reverse directionality, between regions; legal experts strengthened connectivity from BA10 to other regions, that is, the right anterior insula and BA23, but the directionality was reversed in laypersons. In addition, the strength of connection to BA32 and BA10 was correlated with changes in punishments by mitigating factors. This is a crucial result that establishes the validity of the connectivity estimates, which were uninformed by the independent (behavioral) differences in the severity of punishment.
From hearth to hard drive: well-being benefits of online Irish traditional singing sessions during COVID-19
Authors: Thompson Ciara , O’Brien Kara Shea 
Published: November 2021

Summary
This article explores the impact of online Irish traditional singing sessions on health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Singing sessions are unique facets of Ireland’s music tradition that saw dramatic closure, interruption and digital transition in response to COVID-19 social distancing measures. This study highlights a gap in health promotion literature with regard to traditional singing sessions as a group singing activity and examines the potential for online group singing activities to have positive impacts on the health and well-being of participants. While traditional singing sessions foreground solo performances, they are quintessentially group activities, and include community engagement and active participation from singers and listeners alike. Through an online survey (n = 108), and ethnographic interviews (n = 3), this study explores potential health and well-being implications of online traditional singing sessions, and reveals four main areas of impact: social connection, enjoyment, cognitive motivation and timekeeping. The study suggests that online traditional singing sessions can promote health and well-being in participants, particularly during times of isolation.
Disease-associated c-MYC downregulation in human disorders of transcriptional regulation
Authors: Pallotta Maria M , Di Nardo Maddalena , Sarogni Patrizia , Krantz Ian D , Musio Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multiorgan developmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in cohesin genes. It is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous dominant (both autosomal and X-linked) rare disease. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that CdLS is caused by a combination of factors, such as gene expression dysregulation, accumulation of cellular damage and cellular aging, which collectively contribute to the CdLS phenotype. The CdLS phenotype overlaps with a number of related diagnoses such as KBG syndrome and Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome both caused by variants in chromatin-associated factors other than cohesin. The molecular basis underlying these overlapping phenotypes is not clearly defined. Here, we found that cells from individuals with CdLS and CdLS-related diagnoses are characterized by global transcription disturbance and share common dysregulated pathways. Intriguingly, c-MYC (subsequently referred to as MYC) is downregulated in all cell lines and represents a convergent hub lying at the center of dysregulated pathways. Subsequent treatment with estradiol restores MYC expression by modulating cohesin occupancy at its promoter region. In addition, MYC activation leads to modification in expression in hundreds of genes, which in turn reduce the oxidative stress level and genome instability. Together, these results show that MYC plays a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of CdLS and CdLS-related diagnoses and represents a potential therapeutic target for these conditions.
Domiciliary medication review (ReMeDo): development, reliability and acceptability of a tool for community pharmacists
Authors: Quintana-Barcena Patricia , Sinner Caroline , Berger Jérôme 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Polymedication and medication hoarding in patients’ homes may increase the risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). Community pharmacists can prevent DRPs through medication reconciliation and review. This study aims to (1) develop a tool for community pharmacists to perform domiciliary medication review (ReMeDo) and (2) assess the interrater and test–retest reliability and acceptability of the tool.

Methods
The ReMeDo tool was first developed 6 years before this study to perform medication review during pharmacist home visits. A literature review was performed to update the content of the existing tool. Ten pharmacy students participated in the assessment of the interrater and test–retest reliability using three vignettes based on former ReMeDo patients. Test–retest reliability coefficients were calculated for the entire tool and each segment. Global and individual interrater reliability coefficients were also computed. Acceptability was assessed through a satisfaction survey.

Key findings
The ReMeDo tool was structured to guide the collection of information before, during and after the pharmacist home visit. The global kappa coefficients for interrater and test–retest reliability were 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67 to 0.73) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.74), respectively. The test–retest reliability coefficients for each segment and the interrater reliability coefficients for participants were higher than 0.60 (except for one participant), demonstrating a moderate to substantial level of agreement. The tool was deemed acceptable by participants.

Conclusions
The ReMeDo tool proved to be reliable and acceptable for use by community pharmacists to perform medication review in patients’ homes.
The glaring omission in hospital ranking and quality grading programs: emergency department boarding
Authors: Weiner Scott G , Salmasian Hojjat , Mendu Mallika L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hospitals in the United States are assessed and ranked by several agencies and services, including U.S. News & World Report. Frequently, though, the key hospital throughput metric of inpatient boarding time in the emergency department (ED) is not considered when ranking hospitals. As a result, there is a discordance in which highly ranking hospitals may be poor performers in boarding of patients, a practice with known adverse safety effects. This article outlines the rationale for considering ED boarding in hospital ranking and quality assessments.
Looking through a Different Lens: Microhistory and the Workhouse Experience in Late Nineteenth-Century London
Authors: Jones Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article uses a microhistorical approach to investigate the “workhouse experience” of a single pauper in late nineteenth-century London. Its subject is Frank Burge, a remarkably prolific (though by no means unique) correspondent who wrote several lengthy letters of complaint from the Poplar workhouse to the Local Government Board (the central poor law authority) between 1884 and 1885. It places these letters, and the official responses they stimulated, alongside other public and official documents and uses a blended methodological approach to uncover a rich narrative of hardship, struggle, and personal agency. In doing so, it argues that, in contrast to more orthodox histories of welfare, it is only through this kind of painstaking and sensitive historical reconstruction that we truly can understand the nature, and the legacy, of poverty and the “workhouse experience” on the nineteenth-century poor.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the drivers of gas and stellar metallicity differences in galaxies
Authors: Fraser-McKelvie A , Cortese L , Groves B , Brough S , Bryant J , Catinella B , Croom S , D’Eugenio F , López-Sánchez Á R , van de Sande J , Sweet S , Vaughan S , Bland-Hawthorn J , Lawrence J , Lorente N , Owers M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The combination of gas-phase oxygen abundances and stellar metallicities can provide us with unique insights into the metal enrichment histories of galaxies. In this work, we compare the stellar and gas-phase metallicities measured within a 1Re aperture for a representative sample of 472 star-forming galaxies extracted from the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We confirm that the stellar and interstellar medium (ISM) metallicities are strongly correlated, with scatter ∼3 times smaller than that found in previous works, and that integrated stellar populations are generally more metal-poor than the ISM, especially in low-mass galaxies. The ratio between the two metallicities strongly correlates with several integrated galaxy properties including stellar mass, specific star formation rate, and a gravitational potential proxy. However, we show that these trends are primarily a consequence of: (a) the different star formation and metal enrichment histories of the galaxies, and (b) the fact that while stellar metallicities trace primarily iron enrichment, gas-phase metallicity indicators are calibrated to the enrichment of oxygen in the ISM. Indeed, once both metallicities are converted to the same ‘element base’ all of our trends become significantly weaker. Interestingly, the ratio of gas to stellar metallicity is always below the value expected for a simple closed-box model, which requires that outflows and inflows play an important role in the enrichment history across our entire stellar mass range. This work highlights the complex interplay between stellar and gas-phase metallicities and shows how care must be taken in comparing them to constrain models of galaxy formation and evolution.
Exploring the consequences of chromatic data excision in 21-cm epoch of reionization power spectrum observations
Authors: Wilensky Michael J , Hazelton Bryna J , Morales Miguel F 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We explore how chromatic radio frequency interference (RFI) flags affect 21-cm power spectrum measurements. We particularly study flags that are coarser than the analysis resolution. We find that such RFI flags produce excess power in the EoR window in much the same way as residual RFI. We use Fast Holographic Deconvolution (fhd) simulations to explain this as a result of chromatic disruptions in the interferometric sampling function of the array. We also use these simulations in conjunction with Error Propagated Power Spectrum with InterLeaved Observed Noise to show that without modifying current flagging strategies or implementing extremely accurate and complete foreground subtraction, 21-cm EoR experiments will fail to make a significant detection. As a mitigation strategy, we find that circumventing the chromatic structure altogether by flagging the entire analysis band when RFI is detected is simple to implement and highly successful. This demands a detection strategy with a low false-positive rate in order to prevent excessive data loss.