bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thermal actuated switchable dry adhesive with high reversibility for transfer printing
Authors: Zhang Shun , Luo Hongyu , Wang Suhao , Chen Zhou , Nie Shuang , Liu Changying , Song Jizhou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transfer printing based on switchable adhesive that heterogeneously integrates materials is essential to develop novel electronic systems, such as flexible electronics and micro LED displays. Here, we report a robust design of a thermal actuated switchable dry adhesive, which features a stiff sphere embedded in a thermally responsive shape memory polymer (SMP) substrate and encapsulated by an elastomeric membrane. This construct bypasses the unfavorable micro- and nano-fabrication processes and yields an adhesion switchability of over 1000 by combining the peel-rate dependent effect of the elastomeric membrane and the thermal actuation of the sub-surface embedded stiff sphere. Experimental and numerical studies reveal the underlying thermal actuated mechanism and provide insights into the design and operation of the switchable adhesive. Demonstrations of this concept in stamps for transfer printing of fragile objects, such as silicon wafers, silicon chips, and inorganic micro-LED chips, onto challenging non-adhesive surfaces illustrate its potential in heterogeneous material integration applications, such as flexible electronics manufacturing and deterministic assembly.
Urban Densification and Physical Activity Change: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study of Australian Adults
Authors: Chandrabose Manoj , Owen Neville , Hadgraft Nyssa , Giles-Corti Billie , Sugiyama Takemi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUrbanization, a major force driving changes in neighborhood environments, may affect residents’ health by influencing their daily activity levels. We examined associations of population density changes in urban areas with adults’ physical activity changes over 12 years using data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (1999–2012). The analytical sample contained 2,354 participants who remained at the same residential address throughout the study period in metropolitan cities and regional cities (42 study areas). Census-based population density measures were calculated for 1-km–radius buffers around their homes. Population density change was estimated using linear growth models. Two-level linear regression models were used to assess associations between changes in population density and changes in self-reported walking and physical activity durations. The average change in population density was 0.8% per year (range, −4.1 to 7.8) relative to baseline density. After adjustment for confounders, each 1% annual increase in population density was associated with 8.5-minutes/week (95% confidence interval: 0.6, 16.4) and 19.0-minutes/week (95% confidence interval: 3.7, 34.4) increases in walking and physical activity, respectively, over the 12-year study period. Increasing population density through urban planning policies of accommodating population growth within the existing urban boundary, rather than expanding city boundaries, could assist in promoting physical activity at the population level.
Assessment of interactions between oil flowers and floral visitors in world biomes
Authors: Guimarães Murilo Menck , Souza Camila Silveira , Sigrist Maria Rosângela , Miliato Karina Back Militão , Maia Fabiano Rodrigo da 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Specialized glands that produce and store floral oil are found in 11 families of flowering plants, with greater representation in Malpighiaceae. Solitary bees use this resource to feed larvae and for cell lining. Oil interactions have been reported mainly at the population level and in some community studies that have commonly ignored not only the fewer representative families of oil-offering flowers, but also the floral visitors that do not collect floral oil. We have compiled and examined the interactions between oil-offering flowers and floral visitors in world biomes, to describe the structural patterns of the oil interaction meta-network and evaluate the species' functional roles. We reviewed 169 studies, which mainly used a phytocentric approach, reporting 1460 interactions between 214 species of oil-offering flowers and 377 species of floral visitors. Malpighiaceae and bees (mainly oil-collecting bees) were the most frequently investigated. The meta-network of oil interactions showed a modular structure, mainly influenced by botanical families, and core–periphery organization. The most important functional roles were associated with Malpighiaceae and oil-collecting bees, possibly due to their representativeness and geographic distribution.
UN celebrity diplomacy in China: activism, symbolism and national ambition online
Authors: Postema Saskia , Melissen Jan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article examines Chinese celebrities' UN-affiliated Weibo activism in the context of China's increasing engagement in the United Nations, which coincides with a shrinking domestic public sphere under Xi Jinping's leadership. Our article sheds light on how Chinese celebrity diplomacy is balancing contradictory expectations by the UN, the Chinese party-state and the domestic public in China. In doing so, we offer an important conceptual update of the western-centric literature on ‘celebrity diplomacy’, which focuses mostly on celebrity politics instead of diplomacy and tends to neglect the digital sphere. Based on a combined qualitative and quantitative approach, we draw fresh conclusions from nine Chinese celebrities' communication on Weibo since 2013. Our research covers the years marking China's growing self-confidence and a more assertive Chinese diplomatic style in global affairs. Although accredited by the UN, on balance Chinese celebrities' activism has become more symbolic than real, and as a rule aligned with the Chinese leadership's domestic and international ambitions. At a time of greater Chinese global activism, we are sensitive to the policy implications of Chinese celebrities' engagement on the cusp of the political and diplomatic spheres.
Zidovudine enhances activity of carbapenems against NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Hu Yanmin , Coates Anthony 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of zidovudine in combination with carbapenems against NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae.MethodsMICs were determined using the broth microdilution method. The combinatory effects of zidovudine and carbapenems were examined using the chequerboard method and time–kill analysis.ResultsWe found that the NDM-1-producing strains were resistant to all carbapenems tested. FIC index from chequerboard assay demonstrated that zidovudine synergized with carbapenems against all the NDM-1 strains. Time–kill analysis demonstrated significant synergistic activity when a low level of zidovudine was combined with meropenem.ConclusionsZidovudine in combination with carbapenems produced synergistic activity against NDM-1 Enterobacteriaceae strains in vitro.
Electricity Induced Burns and Lung Injury: A Rare Autopsy Observation
Authors: Kanchan Tanuj , Meshram Vikas P , Shekhawat Raghvendra Singh , Krishan Kewal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Electrocutions injuries are frequently encountered in a domestic setting or as an occupational hazard. Electrocutions injuries sustained in occupational settings are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally. Autopsy diagnosis of electrocution is mostly based on gross and histopathological changes in the entry and exit wounds. Gross changes in form of entry and exit wounds, however, may not be present in all cases of electrocution. In such cases, histopathological changes in the internal organs along the path of current can be useful. We report a case of fatal electrocution involving a 23-year-old young male in which remarkable gross and microscopic changes were appreciated in the lung due to the passage of electric current through it. Such observations are rarely reported in literature and highlight on the significance of autopsy pathology in the diagnosis of electrocution.
Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Repairs Burn Wound and Reduces Burn Pain in Rats
Authors: Ren Zhao-qi , Du Bin , Dong Hai-jiao , Duan Guang-hua , Du Ai-cui , Wang Yue , Zhao Li-xia , Shao Wen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To investigate the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on burn wound and burn pain in rats. Rats were treated with high-temperature copper rod to induce skin burn. During treatment, the wound area of rats was recorded on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 and healing rates were calculated. After 14-day treatment, the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) as well as paw withdrawal thermal latency were measured. In addition, CD31 expression in burn wound was detected by immunohistochemistry. The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in wound tissues were detected by ELISA. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 in wound tissues were detected by RT-qPCR together with Western blot. Burn wound of rats in the PRP group gradually got better with a decreased wound area. Compared with the NS group, the wound area of the PRP group was significantly reduced and the healing rate was significantly increased. Meanwhile, PWMT of the rats in the PRP group was obviously increased compared with the NS group. Compared with the NS group, the rate of CD31-positive cells in the wound tissue of burned rats was increased; while the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased after a subcutaneous injection of PRP. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 in the wound tissue of rats from PRP group were evidently increased. Autologous platelet-rich plasma not only shortened the healing time, but also relieved the burn pain.
Is Resource Change a Useful Predictor of Carrion Insect Succession on Pigs and Humans?
Authors: Dawson Blake M , Wallman James F , Evans Maldwyn J , Barton Philip S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Carrion is a dynamic and nutrient-rich resource that attracts numerous insect species that undergo succession due to the rapid change in the carrion resource. Despite this process being well-understood, few studies have examined resource change as a driver of carrion insect succession, and instead have focused on the effects of time per se, or on coarse, qualitative measures such as decay stage. Here we report on three field succession experiments using pig carcasses and human cadavers encompassing two winters and one summer. We quantified the effects of resource change (measured as total body score, TBS), carrion type, initial carrion mass, ambient temperature, and season on insect species richness and community composition. We found that all variables had an effect on different taxonomic or trophic components of the insect community composition, with the exception of initial carrion mass which had no effect. We found significant positive effects of TBS on beetle species richness and composition, while fly species richness was not significantly affected by TBS, but was by ambient temperature. TBS had a significant positive effect on all trophic groups, while ambient temperature also had a significant positive effect on the necrophages and predator/parasitoids. Our study indicates that resource change, as indicated by TBS, is an important driver of carrion insect species turnover and succession on carrion, and that TBS can provide information about insect ecological patterns on carrion that other temporal measures of change cannot.
Evaluation of Development Datasets for Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for Estimating the Time of Placement of Human and Swine Remains in Texas, USA
Authors: Cuttiford Lue , Pimsler Meaghan L , Heo Chong Chin , Zheng Le , Karunaratne Inoka , Trissini Gabriele , Tarone Aaron M , Lambiase Simonetta , Cammack Jonathan A , Tomberlin Jeffery K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A basic tenet of forensic entomology is development data of an insect can be used to predict the time of colonization (TOC) by insect specimens collected from remains, and this prediction is related to the time of death and/or time of placement (TOP). However, few datasets have been evaluated to determine their accuracy or precision. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is recognized as an insect of forensic importance. This study examined the accuracy and precision of several development datasets for the black soldier fly by estimating the TOP of five sets of human and three sets of swine remains in San Marcos and College Station, TX, respectively. Data generated from this study indicate only one of these datasets consistently (time-to-prepupae 52%; time-to-eclosion 75%) produced TOP estimations that occurred within a day of the actual TOP of the remains. It is unknown if the precolonization interval (PreCI) of this species is long, but it has been observed that the species can colonize within 6 d after death. This assumption remains untested by validation studies. Accounting for this PreCI improved accuracy for the time-to-prepupae group, but reduced accuracy in the time-to-eclosion group. The findings presented here highlight a need for detailed, forensic-based development data for the black soldier fly that can reliably and accurately be used in casework. Finally, this study outlines the need for a basic understanding of the timing of resource utilization (i.e., duration of the PreCI) for forensically relevant taxa so that reasonable corrections may be made to TOC as related to minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) estimates.
Change Mechanisms in Patient-Preferred Live Music: An Exploratory Interpretivist Study
Authors: Silverman Michael J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough there is empirical support for patient-preferred live music (PPLM) in addressing affective states and pain for adults in medical settings, there is a lack of data regarding why PPLM might be effective. Identifying the underlying processes and events of change mechanisms within PPLM has the potential to improve education and clinical training, distinguish music therapy from other music interventions, and augment treatment outcomes for service users. The practitioner’s expertise constitutes a component of evidence-based practice and could be used to identify change mechanisms that result in PPLM being effective. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory interpretivist study was to understand practitioners’ perceptions of PPLM change mechanisms for adults in medical settings. I conducted in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with 10 practitioners who had provided protocol-based PPLM in adult medical settings as a component of published research projects. Incorporating member checking and trustworthiness, I used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze data. I identified 3 major themes: Choices within PPLM, Music-based aspects of PPLM, and Positive outcomes resultant of PPLM. These themes were supported by 17 subthemes. The subthemes helped to explain relationships between results and I developed a visual model to conceptualize PPLM change mechanisms. While previous objectivist literature has found PPLM to be an effective intervention for adults in medical settings, the results of the current study provide an evidence-based and practitioner-centric approach to PPLM change mechanisms. Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Colorectal Cancer Care and Patients’ Perceptions Before and During COVID-19: Implications for Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection Waves
Authors: Derksen Jeroen W G , May Anne M , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V , de Rooij Belle H , Hafkenscheid Dorothee A , Verkooijen Helena M , Koopman Miriam , Vink Geraldine R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) care planning because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and well-being of patients with CRC are unknown. We report changes in CRC care and patient-reported outcomes including HRQoL, distress, and loneliness during the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods
In April 2020, 4984 patients included in the nationwide Prospective Dutch Colorectal Cancer cohort were invited to complete a COVID-19–specific questionnaire, together with the validated European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30), De Jong Gierveld, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Clinical data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Scores were compared with the year prior to COVID-19 and with an age- and sex-matched control population during COVID-19.

Results
In total, 3247 (65.1%) patients responded between April and June 2020. Of the patients, 17% had canceled, postponed, or changed hospital visits to a telephone or video consult, and 5.3% had adjusted, postponed, or canceled treatment. Compared with controls, patients reported worse HRQoL but comparable distress and less social loneliness (patients = 21.2%; controls = 32.9%). Compared with pre–COVID-19, clinically meaningful deterioration of HRQoL was more prevalent in patients with changes in cancer care planning than in patients without changes. Prior to undergoing or currently undergoing treatment and infection worries were associated with lower HRQoL.

Conclusions
CRC patients reported equal anxiety and depression but worse HRQoL than the control population. Changes in care planning were associated with deterioration of HRQoL and increased anxiety. In case of 1 or more risk factors, health-care specialists should discuss (mental) health status and possible support during future SARS-CoV-2 infection waves or comparable pandemics.
Ethical, legal and social implications of human genome studies in radiation research: a workshop report for studies on atomic bomb survivors at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Authors: Noda Asao , Kato Kazuto , Tamura Chieko , Biesecker Leslie G , Imaizumi Misa , Inoue Yusuke , Henderson Gail E , Wilfond Benjamin , Muto Kaori , Naito Mariko , Kayukawa Junji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) is the primary organization in Japan dedicated to studying the health consequences of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings in World War II. In December 2020, RERF held a virtual international workshop on the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of genome studies. In this workshop, the ELSI considerations of future human genome studies on radiation research including atomic bomb survivors and their families were discussed. Since genome sequencing (GS) is now practical and affordable, RERF now plans GS of parents/child trios to examine genetic effects of atomic bomb radiation. As such studies may engender some novel risks and benefits, ethics review and engagement with families (including consent) need to be considered. These include protection of individual privacy, use of samples from deceased prior participants, return of results to the participants, public sharing of genome data and advance science and social welfare. Specifically with regard to social welfare, the results of such studies may have implications for public and government decision-making regarding social benefits of victims and other important questions. Based on these broad-ranging discussions we have developed the following concepts to guide this work: “trust,” “compromise” and “relationship building,” inclusive of the concerned stakeholders, scientific aims and Japanese society at large. We conclude that in order to realize, establish and maintain these concepts, it is essential to put procedures into place to ensure the successful, consensus-based implementation of the RERF studies.
Genre Experiments: Thylias Moss’sSlave Mothand the Poetic Neo-Slave Narrative
Authors: Vrana Laura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs histories of experimentation on the enslaved receive scholarly attention, so too are neo-slave narratives representing and commenting on this aspect of enslavement, in both their content and their form. This article examines Thylias Moss’s genre-troubling Slave Moth: A Narrative in Verse (2004), a neo-slave text that depicts an enslaved woman named Varl treated as an object of psychological experimentation. Varl develops a strong subjectivity through becoming a subject performing experiments: aesthetic experiments in how she chooses to represent her narrative in stitched cloths. The subtly experimental poetic devices through which Moss crafts this representation highlight that this protagonist possesses an alternate, generative epistemology that differs meaningfully from her master’s scientific worldview and thereby enables fugitive, temporary agency and freedom. By analyzing Slave Moth, I argue that the ethically problematic epistemology that generated experiments on the enslaved has certainly not dissipated and that it indirectly undergirds lyric theory’s failure to engage form in texts by nonwhite poets. Through contrasting close attention to formal devices by which Moss undermines teleological narrative, this essay postulates that “lyric time” enables fleeting, yet nevertheless generative, subversions of the formal expectations readers impose on texts representing enslavement. Reading Slave Moth through such a lens suggests potential middle-ground formal alternatives to wholly rejecting either narrative or lyric as genres and to thereby asymptotically approaching adequate representation of enslavement.
Wick Rotation and the Positivity of Energy in Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Kontsevich Maxim , Segal Graeme 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We propose a new axiom system for unitary quantum field theories on curved space-time backgrounds, by postulating that the partition function and the correlators extend analytically to a certain domain of complex-valued metrics. Ordinary Riemannian metrics are contained in the allowable domain, while Lorentzian metrics lie on its boundary.
Long-Term Effects of Childhood Nutrition: Evidence from a School Lunch Reform
Authors: Lundborg Petter , Rooth Dan-Olof , Alex-Petersen Jesper 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the long-term impact of a policy-driven change in childhood nutrition. For this purpose, we evaluate a program that rolled out nutritious school lunches free of charge to all pupils in Swedish primary schools between 1959 and 1969. We estimate the impact of the program on children’s economic, educational, and health outcomes throughout life. Our results show that the school lunch program generated substantial long-term benefits, where pupils exposed to the program during their entire primary school period have 3% higher lifetime income. The effect was greater for pupils that were exposed at earlier ages and for pupils from poor households, suggesting that the program reduced socioeconomic inequalities in adulthood. Exposure to the program also had substantial effects on educational attainment and health, which can explain a large part of the effect of the program on lifetime income.