bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odontogenic sinusitis – case series and review of literature
Authors: Garry S , O'Riordan I , James D , Corbett M , Barry T , Thornton M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOdontogenic sinusitis is a common cause of rhinosinusitis that is often undiagnosed and overlooked. No single sign or symptom is specific for odontogenic sinusitis, and failure to focus on the specific radiological features can delay diagnosis.ObjectiveThis paper presents four cases of chronic sinusitis that had an odontogenic origin. Each case was referred for a second opinion. Three patients had previously undergone unsuccessful surgical management.MethodsThe literature, and the associated contributory clinical, radiological and microbiological features required for correct diagnosis and management, are reviewed.ResultsEach case resulted in a positive patient outcome following the involvement of both otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery departments.ConclusionA high index of suspicion is advocated for odontogenic sinusitis in cases not responding to standard management plans. Collaboration with a maxillofacial specialist is important for diagnosis and management. This should be considered where standard management fails, or clinical features and radiological signs of odontogenic sinusitis are present. This paper also highlights the need for otolaryngologists to incorporate, at the very least, a basic dental history and examination as part of their assessment in recalcitrant cases.
Partial arytenoidectomy with transoral vocal fold lateralisation in treating airway obstruction secondary to bilateral vocal fold immobility
Authors: Al Omari A , Atallah I , Castellanos Paul F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcome of 18 patients with a tracheostomy secondary to bilateral vocal fold immobility, who were managed using reconstructive transoral laser microsurgical techniques.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of the surgical outcome of 18 patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility and a tracheostomy resulting from different aetiologies. Follow-up duration ranged from one to five years.ResultsA total of 18 patients had a tracheostomy at presentation because of bilateral true vocal fold immobility and stridor. All cases were treated using reconstructive transoral laser microsurgery with arytenoidectomy and vocal fold lateralisation. All patients were successfully decannulated by eight weeks after surgery.ConclusionReconstructive transoral laser microsurgery using partial arytenoidectomy with vocal fold lateralisation is minimally invasive, feasible, safe and effective for airway reconstruction in patients who present with stridor due to bilateral true vocal fold immobility.
Radiological parameters and audiometric findings in otosclerosis: is there any relationship?
Authors: Mangia L R L , Salvador G L O , Amadeu N T , Marroni G A , Coifman H , Hamerschmidt R 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe role of high-resolution computed tomography scans in otosclerosis remains uncertain. There is a debate over the relationship between radiological and audiometric findings among patients.MethodPre-operative audiometry and high-resolution computed tomography findings from 40 ears with surgically confirmed otosclerosis were compared. High-resolution computed tomography scan data regarding the characteristics of the disease foci, the endosteal extension and the occurrence of internal auditory canal diverticula were obtained. The influence of each radiological variable on the simple pure tone average, the high-frequency pure tone average and the bone-conduction pure tone average were investigated.ResultsCases with endosteal extension (p = 0.047) and a higher number of affected sites within the otic capsule had a worse bone-conduction pure tone average, although it was only significant for the latter (p = 0.006). Those without concomitant retrofenestral disease (p = 0.019) had better simple pure tone average.ConclusionThe number of sites of involvement and concomitant retrofenestral disease seem to significantly impact audiometric findings in otosclerosis.
A blurred view of Van der Waerden type theorems
Authors: Rödl Vojtech , Sales Marcelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet
$\mathrm{AP}_k=\{a,a+d,\ldots,a+(k-1)d\}$
be an arithmetic progression. For
$\varepsilon>0$
we call a set
$\mathrm{AP}_k(\varepsilon)=\{x_0,\ldots,x_{k-1}\}$
an
$\varepsilon$
-approximate arithmetic progression if for some a and d,
$|x_i-(a+id)|<\varepsilon d$
holds for all
$i\in\{0,1\ldots,k-1\}$
. Complementing earlier results of Dumitrescu (2011, J. Comput. Geom.2(1) 16–29), in this paper we study numerical aspects of Van der Waerden, Szemerédi and Furstenberg–Katznelson like results in which arithmetic progressions and their higher dimensional extensions are replaced by their
$\varepsilon$
-approximation.
Tricostatin A-treated round spermatid enhances preimplantation embryo developmental competency following round spermatid injection in mice
Authors: Hosseini Sara , Salehi Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIt has been documented that the inefficacy of round spermatid injection (ROSI) might be caused by abnormal epigenetic modifications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) as an epigenetic modifier of preimplantation embryo development in activated ROSI oocytes. Matured oocytes were collected from superovulated female mice. Testes were placed in human tubal fluid medium and masses were then cut into small pieces to disperse spermatogenic cells. Round spermatids were treated with TSA and subsequently injected into oocytes. The expression level of the development-related genes including Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Dnmt and Hdac transcripts were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the presence of Oct-4 protein at the blastocyst stage. There was no statistically significant difference in fertilization rate following ROSI/+TSA compared with the non-treated ROSI and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) groups. Importantly, TSA treatment increased blastocyst formation from 38% in non-treated ROSI to 68%. The relative expression level of developmentally related genes increased and Dnmt transcripts decreased in ROSI/+TSA-derived embryos, similar to the expression levels observed in the ICSI-derived embryos. In conclusion, our results indicate that spermatid treatment with TSA prior to ROSI would increase the success rate of development to the blastocyst stage and proportion of pluripotent cells.
Sports psychiatry: a desideratum on sports arena!
Authors: Naguy Ahmed , Pridmore Saxby , Alamiri Bibi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emerging field of sports psychiatry has been developing steadily in recent years. This is not just a health concern but is likely to impact sporting performance and achievement significantly. An overview of sports psychiatry is provided. Psychiatric disorders of all varieties can and do present in sporting populations. Sports psychiatry keeps evolving to drive forward the importance of good mental health in sport as in life.
Normative Data for the CERAD-NP for Healthy High-Agers (80–84 years) and Effects of Age-Typical Visual Impairment and Hearing Loss
Authors: Fröhlich Stephanie , Müller Katrin , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to establish reference data for nondemented adults between 80 and 84 years of age based on the German version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease Neuropsychological (CERAD-NP) test battery and to assess the possible influence of hearing and vision impairments on CERAD-NP performance.Methods:Two hundred one volunteers were examined with the German CERAD-NP test battery, and 18 test scores were calculated from the data. The sample included 99 men (49%), the mean age was 81.8 years (SD = 1.3), and the mean years of education were 13.9 (SD = 3.1). Percentiles for continuous and percentile ranks for discrete test scores were calculated separately for four norm groups. The groups were classified according to gender and education. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict cognitive performance from visual acuity and hearing ability.Results:The normative data obtained were consistent with other findings from younger and older age groups. Worse visual acuity predicted slower performance in the Trail Making Test (TMT). None of the other CERAD-NP tests were correlated to sensory functions.Conclusions:Using age-appropriate reference data, such as that established here for the 80–84 year age group can help to improve the detection of cognitive decline and prevent biases that arise when old-old adults are compared to younger old adults. Visual acuity should be considered an influencing factor on TMT performance.
Addressing the Need for Just GeoHealth Engagement: Evolving Models for Actionable Research That Transform Communities
Authors: Hayhow Claire M. , Brabander Dan J. , Jim Rebecca , Lively Martin , Filippelli Gabriel M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeoHealth as a research paradigm offers the opportunity to re‐evaluate common research engagement models and science training practices. GeoHealth challenges are often wicked problems that require both transdisciplinary approaches and the establishment of intimate and long‐term partnerships with a range of community members. We examine four common modes of community engagement and explore how research projects are launched, who has the power in these relationships, and how projects evolve to become truly transformative for everyone involved.
An Early Holocene Primary Dolomite Layer of Abiotic Origin in Lake Sayram, Central Asia
Authors: Cheng Jianru , Meng Xianqiang , Zhang Enlou , Jiang Qingfeng , Ni Zhenyu , Ji Junfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe “dolomite problem” is a long‐standing puzzle in sedimentology and mineralogy. Previous studies have shown that some dolostones are formed by microbes or in hydrothermal–burial environments. Here, we provide a different case in which an abiotic and Ca‐rich dolomite layer precipitated in Lake Sayram, Central Asia, during the early Holocene. The 12‐cm‐thick layer consists of abundant partially ordered dolomite crystals (mean > 50 wt% and maximum = 81 wt%) which have euhedral and rhombohedral shapes and weak cation ordering. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that even in a single crystal, compositions vary among different domains. Mineralogical and isotopic evidence suggests that these dolomites are of primary and abiotic origin. We infer that this dolomite layer might be the product of day and night temperature cycling of shallow lake water under local warming trend. This study provides evidence for abiotic dolomites forming at ambient temperature.
Particulate Oxalate‐To‐Sulfate Ratio as an Aqueous Processing Marker: Similarity Across Field Campaigns and Limitations
Authors: Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Crosbie Ewan , Bañaga Paola Angela , Betito Grace , Braun Rachel A. , Cambaliza Maria Obiminda , Corral Andrea F. , Cruz Melliza Templonuevo , Dibb Jack E. , Lorenzo Genevieve Rose , MacDonald Alexander B. , Robinson Claire E. , Shook Michael A. , Simpas James Bernard , Stahl Connor , Winstead Edward , Ziemba Luke D. , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLeveraging aerosol data from multiple airborne and surface‐based field campaigns encompassing diverse environmental conditions, we calculate statistics of the oxalate‐sulfate mass ratio (median: 0.0217; 95% confidence interval: 0.0154–0.0296; R = 0.76; N = 2,948). Ground‐based measurements of the oxalate‐sulfate ratio fall within our 95% confidence interval, suggesting the range is robust within the mixed layer for the submicrometer particle size range. We demonstrate that dust and biomass burning emissions can separately bias this ratio toward higher values by at least one order of magnitude. In the absence of these confounding factors, the 95% confidence interval of the ratio may be used to estimate the relative extent of aqueous processing by comparing inferred oxalate concentrations between air masses, with the assumption that sulfate primarily originates from aqueous processing.
Reaction‐Induced Mantle Weakening at High‐Pressure Conditions: An Example From Garnet Pyroxenites of Ulten Zone (Eastern Alps, N Italy)
Authors: Pellegrino L. , Menegon L. , Zanchetta S. , Langenhorst F. , Pollok K. , Tumiati S. , Malaspina N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeridotites of Ulten Zone (Eastern Alps, N Italy) show a transition from coarse protogranular spinel lherzolites to fine‐grained amphibole + garnet peridotites, recorded by the crystallization of garnet coronas around spinel. Pyroxenite veins, transposed along the peridotite foliation, show a similar metamorphic evolution from coarse‐grained (garnet‐free) websterites to fine‐grained garnet websterites. In both peridotites and websterites, garnet previously exsolved from porphyroclastic high‐temperature pyroxenes and later crystallized along the foliation. This evolution has been interpreted to reflect cooling and pressure increase of websterites and host peridotites from spinel‐ to garnet‐facies conditions. Microstructures and crystallographic orientation data indicate that the re‐equilibration of garnet websterites in the garnet stability field occurred during deformation. Porphyroclastic pyroxenes have been interpreted to deform by dislocation glide and creep. In particular, TEM observations indicate the activation of the (100)[010] slip system in orthopyroxene. Core‐and‐mantle microstructures also suggest that dislocation creep was aided by subgrain rotation recrystallization, leading to the formation of neoblastic pyroxenes. These recrystallized grains deformed by diffusion‐accommodated grain boundary sliding, as indicated by the occurrence of quadruple junctions and straight, aligned grain boundaries. The transition from dislocation creep to diffusion creep in websterites was accompanied by the crystallization of garnet along foliation, which triggered the pinning of the recrystallized matrix and stabilized the fine‐grained microtexture for diffusion creep, promoting rheological weakening. Garnet websterites of Ulten Zone thus offer a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of reaction softening during the corner flow in the supra‐subduction lithospheric mantle induced by the descending slab.
Data‐Driven Design of Wave‐Propagation Models for Shale‐Oil Reservoirs Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Xiong Fansheng , Ba Jing , Gei Davide , Carcione José M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe exploration and exploitation of shale oil is an important aspect in the oil industry. Seismic properties and well‐log data are essential to establish wave‐propagation models. Specifically, the description of wave dispersion and attenuation under complex geological conditions needs proper lithological and petrophysical information. This complex physical mechanism has to be considered if a traditional modeling approach is adopted. In this sense, machine learning (ML) techniques provide new possibilities for this purpose. We compare two deep‐neural‐network (DNN)‐based wave propagation models. In the first (pure data‐driven), a DNN is trained to connect seismic attributes, such as wave velocities, to multivariate functions of rock‐physics properties. By training DNNs with different initial parameters, the uncertainty of the proposed method can be quantified. The second method assumes the form of the wave equations. Then, the elastic constants of the constitutive relations are predicted by DNNs. The resulting dynamical equations describe the dispersion and attenuation and wavefield simulations can be performed to obtain more information. On the basis of a test, the two kinds of wave‐propagation models yield acceptable estimations of the seismic properties, with the second approach showing a broader application because the DNN is trained without S wave data. The methodologies illustrate that the new wave‐propagation model based on ML has high precision and can be general in terms of rheological description.
Evaluating the Impacts of Cloud Processing on Resuspended Aerosol Particles After Cloud Evaporation Using a Particle‐Resolved Model
Authors: Yao Yu , Dawson Matthew L. , Dabdub Donald , Riemer Nicole 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAerosol particles undergo physical and chemical changes during cloud processes. In this work, we quantified the changes in aerosol mixing state using a particle‐resolved model. To this end, we coupled the particle‐resolved aerosol model PartMC‐MOSAIC with the aqueous chemistry module CAPRAM 2.4 and designed cloud parcel simulations that mimicked several cloud cycles that a particle population may be exposed to in polluted urban environments. With ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate added to the activated particles, after the cloud evaporated, the activation potential of the resuspended aerosol particles increased for supersaturation thresholds lower than the maximum supersaturation attained in the cloud. Formation of sulfate and nitrate increased the internally mixed state of all particle populations, quantified by the mixing state index χ. The change of aerosol mixing state due to aqueous‐phase chemistry was related to the fraction of activated particles. For a case with low aerosol number concentration, where the activated fraction was up to 60%, χ increased by up to 50 percentage points after cloud processing, reaching an almost completely internal mixture. In contrast, for a case with high aerosol emissions and activated fraction of less than 20%, the increase in χ was less than 20 percentage points, and χ remained below 80% after cloud processing. The change in aerosol mixing state caused by coagulation within the cloud parcel was negligible. These findings highlight the complex influence of cloud processing on particle properties.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Heat and Building Height on Urban Precipitation Over the Seoul Metropolitan area in Regional Climate Modeling
Authors: Kim Gayoung , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Song Chang‐Keun , Kim Hyungjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn urban heat island (UHI) is a well‐known urban climatic feature; however, an opposite effect, i.e., an urban cool island (UCI), was recently observed at locations where high‐rises were concentrated. Here, we analyzed the impact of two urbanization factors (anthropogenic heat flux (AH) and building height (ZR)), which could affect the formation of UHIs and UCIs, on urban precipitation over the Seoul Metropolitan area. AH caused an increasing precipitation in urban and downwind areas, especially during daytime. AH directly contributed to the sensible heat flux, resulting in surface warming associated with an UHI. Surface heat was transferred within the planetary boundary layer by turbulence, which increased the low‐level instability, resulting in increased precipitation. In the experiments with the ZR, both surface temperature and precipitation increased (decreased) during the nighttime (daytime). The diurnal variation of ground heat flux intensified with an increasing ZR, inducing a smaller variation of sensible heat flux for surface energy balance. Changes in the ground heat flux could also explain occurrence of UCIs in cities with high‐rises. Tall buildings reduced daytime surface temperature, thereby facilitating atmospheric stabilization, and reducing precipitation. Also, the surface friction increased with a higher ZR, resulting in enhanced convergence in the western part of urban areas where dominant westerlies first met land, which was favorable for increased precipitation. In summary, a study of variations in AH and ZR demonstrated how UHIs and UCIs significantly altered precipitation, respectively. In particular, an UCI alleviated an increment in thermo‐driven daytime precipitation caused by an UHI.
Collisions of Small Kuiper Belt Objects With (486958) Arrokoth: Implications for Its Spin Evolution and Bulk Density
Authors: Mao Xiaochen , McKinnon William B. , Singer Kelsi N. , Keane James T. , Beyer Ross A. , Greenstreet Sarah , Robbins Stuart J. , Schenk Paul M. , Moore Jeffrey M. , Stern S. Alan , Weaver Harold A. , Spencer John R. , Olkin Catherine B. ,   the New Horizons Science Team
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe orientation and morphology of the bilobate, cold classical Kuiper belt object (486958) Arrokoth (formerly 2014 MU69) is consistent with a slow, tidal merger of a close binary. However, the discrepancy between Arrokoth's present‐day rotation (15.9 hr) and synchronous rotation for nominal cometary densities near ∼500 kg/m3 implies reduction (up to 30%) in post‐merger spin angular momentum. We investigate how collisions with dynamically cold and hot classical Kuiper belt objects might have affected Arrokoth's post‐merger spin. Using a dynamically equivalent triaxial ellipsoid, 5000 Monte Carlo simulations of 100 impacts each, consistent with Arrokoth's cratering record, were carried out. Starting from the assumption of critical, synchronous rotation for a given density, these simulations rarely reproduce Arrokoth's present spin period, unless its true density is near 250 kg/m3. We explore in greater depth the effects of formation of Arrokoth's largest crater (now officially named Sky, previously informally named Maryland). We adopt point‐source scaling and randomly select impact parameters that lead to the crater, using Arrokoth's full bilobate shape. Results from Sky's formation alone are similar to those considering a full range of impactor sizes, unless we adopt low cratering efficiency due to high porosity, which implies substantially larger Sky‐forming impactors. Overall, results imply that the probability of substantial angular momentum change due to impacts alone over Solar System history is unlikely, and spindown from a synchronous, tidal rotation rate to a 15.9‐hr period unlikely unless Arrokoth itself was and is a very low density object (∼250 kg/m3), though we cannot statistically rule out densities up to 400 kg/m3.
A Rapid Method for Modeling Transient River Response Under Stochastic Controls With Applications to Sea Level Rise and Sediment Nourishment
Authors: Arkesteijn Liselot , Blom Astrid , Labeur Robert Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent analysis of equilibrium and quasi‐equilibrium channel geometry in engineered (fixed‐width) rivers has successfully shown that two temporal scales can be distinguished, with quasi‐static (long‐term) and dynamic (short‐term) components. This distinction is based on the fact that channel slope cannot keep pace with short‐term fluctuations of the controls. Here we exploit the distinction between the two temporal scales to model the transient (so time‐dependent) phase of channel response, which is the phase wherein the channel approaches its new equilibrium. We show that: (a) besides channel slope, also the bed surface texture cannot keep pace with short‐term fluctuations of the controls, and (b) mean transient channel response is determined by the probability distributions of the controls (e.g., flow duration curve rather than flow rate sequence). These findings allow us to set up a rapid numerical method that determines the mean transient channel response under stochastic controls. The method is based on distinguishing modes (i.e., sets of controls) and takes the probability density of each mode into account. At each time step, we compute the mode‐specific flow, sediment transport rate, and corresponding change in bed level and surface texture. The net change within the time step is computed by weighting the mode‐specific changes in bed level and surface texture with the probability density of each mode. The resulting mean transient channel response is a deterministic one, despite the controls being stochastic variables. We show that the proposed method provides a rapid alternative to Monte Carlo analysis regarding the mean time‐dependent channel response.