bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data, Disasters, and Space-Time Entanglements
Authors: Meriläinen Eija , Koro Mirka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDisasters connected to natural hazards can at the same time be unfolding events, as well as structural phenomena with unequal disaster risk constructed over an extended timespan. Hence, in disaster studies, temporality and spatiality are central, yet often implicit, concepts employed to make sense of the disaster phenomena. In this article we explicitly focus on temporality and spatiality within qualitative disaster studies, particularly those containing ethnographic elements. We use Doreen Massey’s idea of space-time trajectories to analyze and illustrate how in qualitative disaster studies the trajectories of the disaster, research participants, and the researcher entangle in diverse ways. The focus is on how temporality and spatiality are present in the construction of data. The article is mainly conceptual, with illustrations drawn from empirical fieldwork on Valparaíso fire of 2014 in Chile. We interrogate how researchers’ sensitivity to temporality and spatiality challenges the conventional notions and practices of “data” in qualitative disaster studies. The focus in this article is on disaster studies, but it also offers methodological insights to other social sciences that strive to conduct research in the era of “Anthropocene,” with all its shifts and changes, the root causes of which have built over a long time.
Knee osteoarthritis and time-to all-cause mortality in six community-based cohorts: an international meta-analysis of individual participant-level data
Authors: Leyland Kirsten M. , Gates Lucy S. , Sanchez-Santos Maria T. , Nevitt Michael C. , Felson David , Jones Graeme , Jordan Joanne M. , Judge Andrew , Prieto-Alhambra Dani , Yoshimura Noriko , Newton Julia L. , Callahan Leigh F. , Cooper Cyrus , Batt Mark E. , Lin Jianhao , Liu Qiang , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Collins Gary S. , Arden Nigel K. ,   The PCCOA Steering Committee, March Lyn , Hawker Gillian , Conaghan Philip , Kraus Virginia Byers , Guermazi Ali , Hunter David , Katz Jeffrey N. , McAlindon Tim , Neogi Tuhina , Simon Lee , Cross Marita , King Lauren 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease, with increasing global burden of disability and healthcare utilisation. Recent meta-analyses have shown a range of effects of OA on mortality, reflecting different OA definitions and study methods. We seek to overcome limitations introduced when using aggregate results by gathering individual participant-level data (IPD) from international observational studies and standardising methods to determine the association of knee OA with mortality in the general population.

Methods
Seven community-based cohorts were identified containing knee OA-related pain, radiographs, and time-to-mortality, six of which were available for analysis. A two-stage IPD meta-analysis framework was applied: (1) Cox proportional hazard models assessed time-to-mortality of participants with radiographic OA (ROA), OA-related pain (POA), and a combination of pain and ROA (PROA) against pain and ROA-free participants; (2) hazard ratios (HR) were then pooled using the Hartung–Knapp modification for random-effects meta-analysis.

Findings
10,723 participants in six cohorts from four countries were included in the analyses. Multivariable models (adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes) showed a pooled HR, compared to pain and ROA-free participants, of 1.03 (0.83, 1.28) for ROA, 1.35 (1.12, 1.63) for POA, and 1.37 (1.22, 1.54) for PROA.

Discussion
Participants with POA or PROA had a 35–37% increased association with reduced time-to-mortality, independent of confounders. ROA showed no association with mortality, suggesting that OA-related knee pain may be driving the association with time-to-mortality.

Funding
Versus Arthritis Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis and Osteoarthritis Research Society International.
Management of Isolated Fetal Lymphangiomas Following Prenatal Diagnosis: Case Series
Authors: Gowda Mamatha , Godipelli Laxmi , Gangadhar Lekha , Jindal Bibekanada , Deodar Kirti , Yadav Manisha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLymphangiomas are benign cystic lesions caused by the failure of lymphatics to communicate with the lymphatic-venous drainage system. They have an incidence at birth of about 1 in 6000 and can occur at almost any location, most commonly the soft-tissues of the neck. Prenatal diagnosis is by ultrasound, where they appear as cystic masses of variable size, often with septations inside and absent flow on color doppler. Antenatal management involves serial monitoring of the fetus by ultrasound with attention to possible pressure effects and airway obstruction depending upon the size and location of the lymphangioma. The mode of delivery must be decided based on the possibility of obstructive labor or the need for resuscitation. Rarely, a large mass over the anterior neck causing airway obstruction may need an EXIT procedure. Large cystic hygromas need surgical excision while small to medium size lesions can be managed by conservative measures including sclerotherapy. We report three cases of isolated fetal cystic hygromas diagnosed prenatally at various gestations. Two were of moderate size over the anterolateral aspect of the neck and one case had a huge lymphangioma involving the entire right side of the chest wall.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Pre-harvest Meat Safety Interventions to Control Foodborne Pathogens in Broilers: a Systematic Review
Authors:   on behalf of the RIBMINS Cost Action, Pessoa Joana , Rodrigues da Costa Maria , Nesbakken Truls , Meemken Diana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewEnsuring broilers’ meat safety is a priority to policy makers, producers, and consumers. This systematic review aims to update the recent knowledge on pre-harvest interventions to control main foodborne pathogens in broilers and to assess their effectiveness.Recent FindingsA total of 815 studies were retrieved from PubMed® and Web of Science for 13 pathogens. In total, 51 studies regardingCampylobacterspp.,Salmonellaspp., VTEC, ESBL-AmpCEscherichia coli, andClostridium perfringenswere included in this review.SummaryResearch mostly focused onSalmonellaspp. andCampylobacterspp. Biosecurity and management interventions had mixed outcomes, while the effectiveness of feed additives, though intensively researched, remains controversial. Research on other pathogens (i.e. ESBL-AmpCE. coli/Salmonella, andToxoplasma gondii) was scarce, with publications focusing on epidemiology and/or on source-attribution studies. This is also true regarding research onListeria monocytogenes,Bacillus cereus,Clostridium botulinum,Clostridium perfringens, andStaphylococcus aureusas these are frequently controlled by post-harvest interventions. Overall, studies on recent developments of novel pathogen-specific immunisation strategies are lacking.
Lumacaftor/ivacaftor in cystic fibrosis: effects on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion
Authors: Colombo C. , Foppiani A. , Bisogno A. , Gambazza S. , Daccò V. , Nazzari E. , Leone A. , Giana A. , Mari A. , Battezzati A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The question whether the new cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs aimed at restoring CFTR protein function might improve glucose metabolism is gaining attention, but data on the effect of lumacaftor/ivacaftor treatment (LUMA/IVA) on glucose tolerance are limited. We evaluated the variation in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in CF patients homozygous for Phe508del CFTR mutation after one-year treatment with LUMA/IVA in comparison to patients with the same genotype who did not receive such treatment.

Methods
We performed a retrospective case–control study on 13 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CF, homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation, who received LUMA/IVA for one year (cases) and 13 patients with identical genotype who did not receive this treatment (controls). At the beginning and conclusion of the follow-up, all subjects received a modified 3 h OGTT, sampling at baseline, and at 30 min intervals for plasma glucose, serum insulin, and c-peptide concentrations to evaluate glucose tolerance, and quantify by modeling beta-cell insulin secretion responsiveness to glucose, insulin clearance and insulin sensitivity.

Results
LUMA/IVA did not produce differences in glucose tolerance, insulin secretory parameters, clearance and sensitivity with respect to matched controls over one-year follow-up.

Conclusion
We found no evidence of improvements in glucose tolerance mechanisms in patients with CF after one-year treatment with LUMA/IVA.
Stem cell legislation and its impact on the geographic preferences of stem cell researchers
Authors: Verginer Luca , Riccaboni Massimo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProponents describe stem Cell Replacement Therapy and related technologies to be a significant step forward for medicine. However, due to the inherent ethical problems in human Embryonic Stem Cell Research (hESC), it is strictly regulated around the world. The US has passed at the federal and state level, both supportive and restrictive laws over the years. The changing legislative environment at the state and federal levels has created a situation whereby researchers have to choose whether and where to carry out this research. By exploiting the temporal and spatial heterogeneity and legislative shocks, we assess if the affected scientists have voted with their feet, leaving the state or country imposing restrictive rules and whether hESC research has clustered geographically. We find that most of the hESC research is carried out in supportive states, and significant legislative changes have had a minor but noticeable effect on relocation choices. Most importantly, the research has moved to supportive states. This result suggests that several state-level interventions (supportive), which were opposed to federal laws (restrictive), have counteracted each other.
On the challenges of predicting microscopic dynamics of online conversations
Authors: Bollenbacher John , Pacheco Diogo , Hui Pik-Mai , Ahn Yong-Yeol , Flammini Alessandro , Menczer Filippo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo what extent can we predict the structure of online conversation trees? We present a generative model to predict the size and evolution of threaded conversations on social media by combining machine learning algorithms. The model is evaluated using datasets that span two topical domains (cryptocurrency and cyber-security) and two platforms (Reddit and Twitter). We show that it is able to predict both macroscopic features of the final trees and near-future microscopic events with moderate accuracy. However, predicting the macroscopic structure of conversations does not guarantee an accurate reconstruction of their microscopic evolution. Our model’s limited performance in long-range predictions highlights the challenges faced by generative models due to the accumulation of errors.
Histochemical Analysis of Lacrimal Concretions in a Patient Using Rebamipide Ophthalmic Suspension: Case Report
Authors: Yamashita Ken , Hiraoka Miki , Sugita Shintaro , Yotsuyanagi Takatoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConcretions of the lacrimal drainage system can cause dacryocystitis. In the present study, our patient developed dacryocystisis with lacrimal concretions of a white soft mass. Rebamipide ophthalmic suspension had been applied for treatment of dry eye. To evaluate the pathogenic mechanism of the case, histological and chemical studies were performed. Our case was woman in her seventies. She had a medical history of rheumatoid arthritis. She was referred to our hospital for dacryocystitis after showing a poor response to treatment with antibiotic agents. A head computed tomography (CT) scan showed ductal high-density deposits along the lacrimal sacs. During dacryocystotomy, the hypertrophy of the lacrimal sacs was found replete with pus and cottage cheese-like white substances. The extracts were surgically removed, and histological and chemical analysis was performed. The histological examination showed granulation tissues and acellular amorphous material with crystal-like structures. Positive staining by Alcian blue and Kossa was found in crystal-like legions. The extract obtained from the concretions showed the same fluorescence band and UV absorption spectrum in thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrometry, respectively, as rebamipide. Our findings suggest that the obstruction by lacrimal concretions containing rebamipide resulted in dacryocystitis in this case. In addition, it is speculated that in patients who have impaired tear secretion, refractory dacryocystitis may be evoked following the accumulation of rebamipide in the lacrimal sacs.
Effect of blast loading and resulting progressive failure of a cable-stayed bridge
Authors: Mudragada Ravi , Mishra S. S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany researchers have carried out experimental and numerical investigations to examine building structures’ response to explosive loads. Studies of bridges subjected to blast loads are limited. Hence, in this study, we present a case study on a cable-stayed bridge, namely, Charles River Cable-Stayed Bridge-Boston, to assess its robustness and resistance against the progressive collapse resulting from localized failure due to blast loads. Three different blast scenarios are considered to interpret the bridge performance to blast loads. To monitor the progressive failure mechanisms of the structural elements due to blast, pre-defined plastic hinges are assigned to the bridge deck. The results conclude that the bridge is too weak to sustain the blast loads near the tower location, and the progressive collapse is inevitable. Hence, to preserve this cable-stayed bridge from local and global failure, structural components should be more reinforced near the tower location. This case study helps the designer better understand the need for blast resistance design of cable-stayed bridges.
Parallel machines scheduling with time-dependent deterioration, using meta-heuristic algorithms
Authors: Kalaki Juybari Jaber , Kalaki Juybari Somayyeh , Hasanzadeh Reza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the identical parallel machines scheduling problem with exponential time-dependent deterioration. The meaning of time-dependent deterioration is that the processing time of a job is not a constant and depends on the scheduled activities. In other words, when a job is processed later, it needs more processing time compared to the jobs processed earlier. The main purpose is to minimize the makespan. To reach this aim, we developed a mixed integer programming formulation for the problem. We solved problem in small scale using GAMS software, while due to the fact that in larger scales the aforesaid case is a complex and intricate optimized problem which is NP-hard, it is not possible to solve it by standard calculating techniques (in logical calculating times); we applied the meta-heuristic genetic algorithm, simulating annealing and artificial immune system, and their performance has been evaluated. In the end, we showed that solving the problem in small scale, with the meta-heuristic algorithms (GA, SA, and AIS) equals the optimal solution (GAMS), And on a large scale, at a time of approximately equal solution, meta-heuristic algorithm simulating annealing, provides a more optimal solution.
Clustering Using Student t Mixture Copulas
Authors: Massing Till 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTewari et al. (Parametric characterization of multimodal distributions with non-Gaussian modes, pp 286–292, 2011) introduced Gaussian mixture copula models (GMCM) for clustering problems which do not assume normality of the mixture components as Gaussian mixture models (GMM) do. In this paper, we propose Studenttmixture copula models (SMCM) as an extension of GMCMs. GMCMs require weak assumptions, yielding a flexible fit and a powerful cluster tool. Our SMCM extension offers, in a natural way, even more flexibility than the GMCM approach. We discuss estimation issues and compare Expectation-Maximization (EM)-based with numerical simplex optimization methods. We illustrate the SMCM as a tool for image segmentation.
Re-engineering The Clinical Research Enterprise in Response to COVID-19: The Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) experience and proposed playbook for future pandemics
Authors: Coller Barry S. , Buse John B. , Kimberly Robert P. , Powderly William G. , Zand Martin S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the clinical research enterprises at the 60 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Hubs throughout the nation. There was simultaneously a need to expand research to obtain crucial data about disease prognosis and therapy and enormous limitations on conducting research as localities and institutions limited travel and person-to-person contact. These imperatives resulted in major changes in the way research was conducted, including expediting Institutional Review Board review, shifting to remote interactions with participants, centralizing decision-making in prioritizing research protocols, establishing biobanks, adopting novel informatics platforms, and distributing study drugs in unconventional ways. National CTSA Steering Committee meetings provided an opportunity to share best practices and develop the idea of capturing the CTSA program experiences in a series of papers. Here we bring together the recommendations from those papers in a list of specific actions that research sites can take to strengthen operations and prepare for similar future public health emergencies. Most importantly, creative innovations developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic deserve serious consideration for adoption as new standards, thus converting the painful trauma of the pandemic into “post-traumatic growth” that makes the clinical research enterprise stronger, more resilient, and more effective.
Feasibility of a virtual Facebook community platform for engagement on health research
Authors: Patten Christi A. , Balls-Berry Joyce (Joy) E. , Cohen Elisia L. , Brockman Tabetha A. , Valdez Soto Miguel , West Ian W. , Cha Jinhee , Zavala Rocha Maria G. , Eder Milton (Mickey) 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Community engagement is important for advancing Clinical and Translational Science (CTS), but face-to-face engagement has limited reach and scale. We examined the feasibility of a novel virtual Facebook community platform for public engagement on health research statewide in Minnesota.

Methods:
The Facebook platform, MN Research Link, was evaluated from June 19, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Facebook advertisements and boosts were used to recruit followers. Content, based on prior formative work, included health research information and interactive postings (e.g., live interviews with researchers). Standard metrics obtained from Facebook analytics included participation (followers), content reach (views), and engagement (likes, shares, comments, clicks).

Results:
During the 12-month period, we acquired 1406 followers (31% rural residents), with a retention of followers of 99.7%. Mean number of views per month was 9379.83 (Mdn = 2791, range 724–41,510). Engagement metrics indicated a mean of 535.2 likes, shares, comments, and/or clicks per month (Mdn = 296.5, range 55–1535). The page continued to acquire new followers, but a slight decrease in engagement was observed in the final months after state COVID-19 mitigation strategies were implemented.

Conclusion:
As the complexity of CTS continues to grow, along with social distancing measures resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of virtual digital platforms to reach and engage community stakeholders in conversations about health and research has increasing importance. Preliminary findings from this program evaluation indicate that a Facebook community platform is feasible to engage Minnesota residents in conversations around health and research topics. Future work will evaluate its potential for reach, scale, and sustainability.
CTSA pharmacies: Contribution to research and public health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: MacArthur Robert B. , Bentur Ohad S. , MacArthur Ian C. , Bartoo Anna S. , Capozzi Donna L. , Christensen Jason A. , Johnson Amber L. , Patel Kuldip , Coller Barry S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
In March 2020, academic medical center (AMC) pharmacies were compelled to implement practice changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes were described by survey data collected by the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program which were interpreted by a multi-institutional team of AMC pharmacists and physician investigators.

Methods:
The CTSA program surveyed 60 AMC pharmacy departments. The survey included event timing, impact on pharmacy services, and corrective actions taken.

Results:
Almost all departments (98.4%) reported at least one disruption. Shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) were common (91.5%) as were drug shortages (66.0%). To manage drug shortages, drug prioritization protocols were utilized, new drug supply vendors were identified (79.3%), and onsite compounding was initiated. PPE shortages were managed by incorporating the risk mitigation strategies recommended by FDA and others. Research pharmacists supported new clinical research initiatives at most institutions (84.0%), introduced use of virtual site visits, and shipped investigational drugs directly to patients. Some pharmacies formulated novel investigational products for clinical trial use. Those AMC pharmacies within networked health systems assisted partner rural and inner-city hospitals by sourcing commercial and investigational drugs to alleviate local disease outbreaks and shortages in underserved populations. Pharmacy-based vaccination practice was expanded to include a wider range of pediatric and adult vaccines.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic radically altered hospital pharmacy practice. By adopting innovative methods and adapting to regulatory imperatives, pharmacies at CTSA sites played an extremely important role supporting continuity of care and collaborating on critical clinical research initiatives.
Ergodic cocycles of IDPFT systems and non-singular Gaussian actions
Authors: DANILENKO ALEXANDRE I. , LEMAŃCZYK MARIUSZ 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is proved that each Gaussian cocycle over a mildly mixing Gaussian transformation is either a Gaussian coboundary or sharply weak mixing. The class of non-singular infinite direct productsTof transformations$T_n$,$n\in \mathbb N$, of finite type is studied. It is shown that if$T_n$is mildly mixing,$n\in \mathbb N$, the sequence of Radon–Nikodym derivatives of$T_n$is asymptotically translation quasi-invariant andTis conservative then the Maharam extension ofTis sharply weak mixing. This technique provides a new approach to the non-singular Gaussian transformations studied recently by Arano, Isono and Marrakchi.