bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Upcycling of Hemoglobin Protein Biowaste into Engineered Graphene Aerogel Architectures for 3D Supercapacitors
Authors: Hayashi Shuichiro , Rupp Marco , Liu Jason X. , Stiles Joseph W. , Das Ankit , Sanchirico Amelia , Moore Samuel , Arnold Craig B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGraphene aerogels (GAs) with engineered architectures are a promising material for applications ranging from filtration to energy storage/conversion. However, current preparation approaches involve the combination of multiple intrinsically‐different methodologies to achieve graphene‐synthesis and architecture‐engineering, complicating the entire procedure. Here, a novel approach to prepare GAs with engineered architectures based on the laser‐upcycling of protein biowaste, hemoglobin, is introduced. Laser scanning achieves graphene‐synthesis concurrently with architecture‐engineering through the localized graphitization of hemoglobin along the laser‐scan path, enabling the direct preparation of engineered GAs. The laser‐upcycled GAs are uniquely decorated with fibrous graphitic structures, which significantly improves the surface area. Such structural formation is attributable to the inherent iron content of hemoglobin which leads to the formation of iron‐based nanoparticles that catalyze the formation of nano‐structured graphene. By leveraging the high electrical conductivity and unique structural morphology, the laser‐upcycled GAs are applied as electrodes of symmetrical 3D supercapacitors. The fabricated supercapacitors exhibited a high specific capacitance (≈54.9 F g−1) and excellent cycle stability (≈94% retention), attributable to the laser‐engineered architecture facilitating ion diffusion even for thick electrodes. Not only does this study provide a novel approach to prepare GAs with engineered architectures but showcases the potential of laser‐upcycling in preparing advanced functional materials for future devices.
Review on Fundamental and Recent Advances of Strain Engineering for Enhancing Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Hu Andong , Liu Zhaoli , Ding Keren , Xia Wei , Shangguan Huayuan , Zhang Cui , Fu Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is widely recognized as an attractive technology for simultaneously addressing environmental issues and energy crises. CO2RR encompasses three primary processes: electron‐hole generation, electron‐hole separation, and surface catalysis. Consequently, the light absorption capacity, charge separation ability, and selectivity of the surface catalytic site of the photocatalyst significantly influence the rate of CO2RR. The significant role of strain engineering in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to solar fuel using semiconductor catalysts is reviewed in this paper. Specifically, the design strategies of strain catalysts and the crucial role of strain on CO2RR are examined. In this paper, the mechanisms of strain‐enhanced light absorption, photoelectron‐hole separation, and product selectivity are reviewed, along with the most recent advancements in this field. This review offers valuable information for the design of strain engineering photocatalysts and supplements the review of various semiconductor photocatalysts.
Physiological characterization of leaf‐shape isolines of upland cotton
Authors: Spivey William W. , St. Aime Ricardo , Sherer Taylor , Zimmerman Paul , Kuraparthy Vasu , Narayanan Sruthi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFour major leaf shapes exist in tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): normal, sub‐okra/sea‐island, okra, and super‐okra. The majority of upland cotton (G. hirsutum) varieties in the United States possess a normal leaf shape. However, the other three leaf shapes were reported to show a few production advantages such as accelerated flowering rates, early maturity, reduced lint trash and boll rot, and increased pest resistance. In this study, we evaluated the leaf‐shape isolines LA‐213‐okra, LA‐213‐normal, LA‐213‐super‐okra, and LA‐213‐sub‐okra for physiological traits related to yield and performance and identified the isolines associated with superior physiological mechanisms. During flowering stage, narrow leaf shape isolines, LA‐213‐okra and LA‐213‐super okra, showed 6%–19%, 0%–15%, and 3%–73% greater chlorophyll index, quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and photosynthetic rate, respectively, than the LA‐213‐normal and LA‐213‐sub‐okra isolines. Further, the water use of LA‐213‐super‐okra was 12%–22% lower than that of the other three leaf shape isolines. With superior physiological performance, the okra and super‐okra leaf shapes offer useful trait variation for cotton breeding and variety development.
Clinical use of biomarkers in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatments
Authors: VandeVrede Lawren , Schindler Suzanne E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the advent of treatments that specifically target Alzheimer's disease brain pathology, biomarker tests will become an increasingly important part of the routine clinical evaluation of cognitive impairment and guide clinical decision making. Clinicians must ensure they are using accurate and well‐validated biomarker tests and select the most appropriate testing modality for each patient based on individual and practical considerations. The interpretation of test results may be complex and depends on the pre‐test probability and test‐specific factors. Biomarker results must be presented and discussed with patients in a process that is sensitive to the major implications of the results and is carefully connected to diagnosis, prognosis, and management. Advances in treatments for Alzheimer's disease will likely require non‐dementia specialists to use biomarkers, necessitating major educational efforts. In the new era of Alzheimer's disease treatments, biomarkers are essential tools that will be integrated into all aspects of dementia diagnosis and care.
Sex‐dependent molecular landscape of Alzheimer's disease revealed by large‐scale single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Soudy Mohamed , Bars Sophie Le , Glaab Enrico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) shows significant sex differences in prevalence and clinical manifestations, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.METHODSThis study used a large‐scale, single‐cell transcriptomic atlas of the human prefrontal cortex to investigate sex‐dependent molecular changes in AD. Our approach combined cell type–specific and sex‐specific differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, gene regulatory network construction, and cell–cell communication analysis to identify sex‐dependent changes.RESULTSWe found significant sex‐specific gene expression patterns and pathway alterations in AD. Male astrocytes showed changes in cell death pathways, with RPTOR as a key regulator, while female astrocytes had alterations in Wnt signaling and cell cycle regulation. Cell–cell communication analysis uncovered sex‐specific intercellular signaling patterns, with male‐specific impacts on apoptosis‐related signaling and female‐specific alterations in Wnt and calcium signaling.DISCUSSIONThis study reveals sex‐dependent gene expression patterns, pathway alterations, and intercellular communication changes, suggesting the need for sex‐specific approaches in AD research.Highlights
Single‐cell transcriptomics reveals significant sex‐specific molecular signatures in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Male astrocytes show enhanced modulation of apoptotic and cell death pathways in AD; female astrocytes exhibit distinct alterations in Wnt signaling and cell‐cycle regulation.
Sex‐dimorphic changes in mitochondrial gene expression are observed in excitatory neurons, suggesting divergent energy metabolism profiles may contribute to AD sex differences.
RPTOR is identified as a key regulator of male‐specific changes in astrocytes, implicating the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway in sex‐dependent AD pathology.
New cell–cell communication analyses reveal sex‐specific patterns of intercellular signaling, providing insights into how cellular interactions may differentially contribute to AD pathology in males and females.
Clinician and lived experience perspectives on non‐judgemental family care, in working with childhood maltreatment and intergenerational trauma: A pilot narrative review
Authors: Twigger Ashley , Lee Amos Yong Soon , Amos Jackie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon‐judgemental care is a widely acknowledged aspect of therapeutic work with children and families. There is limited literature that defines current practices of non‐judgemental family care and assesses its implementation within mental health settings. Clinicians who encounter and work with childhood maltreatment and abuse may make moral judgements and potentially ascribe culpability to a child's parents, carers or support network. This is despite understanding that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the complex interplay of sociocultural factors and wider determinants of health. This pilot narrative review explores facilitators and barriers to provision of non‐judgemental care in the modern literature from clinician, as well as lived and survivor, perspectives. A detailed search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase and PsycINFO databases, with focus on childhood maltreatment, intergenerational trauma and ACEs between 2014 and 2024 and published in English language. Title and abstract screening, then full‐text screening, was completed by the primary author and results were identified via informal analysis of themes. Eight studies of clinician perspectives identified facilitating themes of professionals' responsiveness, positive personal attributes and utilisation of strength‐based approaches. Clinician‐identified challenges included maintaining curiosity in the context of uncertainty and complexity, power differences and unconscious processes. Nine lived experience studies were included, identifying listening and attunement as facilitators. Shame, barriers and inadequate acknowledgement of historical traumas hindered therapeutic engagement. Shame was found to be a key barrier to the experience of non‐judgemental care and postulated to influence how clinician interventions are received. The author concludes that non‐judgemental care is incompletely understood in practice, with clinician judgements being ubiquitous and diffuse in therapeutic impacts. Future research is required to understand intersubjective therapeutic perspectives and elucidate existent gaps between delivery and perception of non‐judgemental care.
Exploring perceptions of alternative assessment and grading in graduate anatomy education
Authors: Dietrich Emily L. , McWatt Sean C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlternative assessment approaches, such as pass/fail and feedback‐based designs, aim to reduce academic stress and foster deeper learning. Few studies have examined feedback‐based evaluation in formative settings in medical education, but none among graduate anatomy students. This exploratory study investigated the impact of feedback‐based versus quiz‐based assessments on graduate students' academic stress, motivation, and perceived learning quality in an anatomy course. Nine students were interviewed to discern perceptions of the impact of the different assessment types. Four instructors were interviewed to establish the philosophies behind their chosen assessment style, and their responses were compared to the perceptions of their students. Inductive thematic analyses of student interviews yielded multiple themes regarding considerations for the influence of assessment on academic‐related anxiety and motivation: (1) communicating clear goals and expectations, (2) instructor approachability and individualized assessment, and (3) alignment between perceived effort and outcomes. Faculty interviewees demonstrated intentions to (1) promote non‐technical skills, (2) provide authentic experiences, and (3) emphasize individualized assessment. However, there was some misalignment between instructors' goals and students' experiences, exacerbating students' stress and reducing their motivation. Feedback‐based assessments were preferred for their perceived individualized nature and facilitation of deeper learning. Findings indicated that implementing feedback‐based approaches, while ensuring constructive alignment, could reduce stress for graduate anatomy students. Furthermore, clear communication and instructor approachability can cultivate stronger teaching presence, which may enhance motivation, engagement, and the quality of learning outcomes. Implementing formative feedback‐based assessments may, therefore, be an effective strategy to reduce stress and improve learning experiences for graduate‐level anatomy students.
Magnetic Assisted DNA Logic Gate Nanomachine Based on CRISPR/Cas12a for Recognition of Dual miRNAs
Authors: Liang Huiping , Mu Xiaomei , Huang Yong , Zhao Shulin , Tian Jianniao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe anomalous expression of microRNA poses a serious threat to human life and health safety, and serves as an important biomarker for cancer detection. In this study, a novel magnetic‐assisted DNA logic gate nanomachine triggered by miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155 was designed based on the trans‐cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a activated by a split DNA activator, using only a single crRNA and signal probe, which simplified the detection procedure and complex nucleic acid amplification. The presence of target molecules, miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155, can stimulate the DNA walker machine assembled on magnetic beads, which releases activator under the action of DNAzyme. Then the trans‐cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a is initiated and the system signal significantly increases. Based on this, an AND logic gate nanomachine was constructed for simultaneous analysis of miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155. The detection limits of miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐15 were 9.00 pM and 42.00 pM, respectively, and this method was successfully applied to miRNA analysis in cell samples. This nanomachine combined the DNA walker with DNA logic circuit and CRISPR/Cas12a system, providing a new approach for simultaneous detection of multiple targets and further expanding the application of gene editing in the analysis and sensing of multiple target substances.
Assessment of MGMT and TERT Subtypes and Prognosis of Glioblastoma by Whole Tumor Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis
Authors: Chen Ling , Wu Min , Li Yao , Tang Lifang , Tang Chuyun , Huang Lizhao , Li Tao , Zhu Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground: Adult glioblastomas (GBMs) are associated with high recurrence and mortality. Personalized treatment based on molecular markers may help improve the prognosis. We aimed to evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis can better predict MGMT and TERT molecular characteristics and to determine the prognostic relevance of genetic profile in patients with GBM.Materials and Methods: MRI, clinical, and pathological data of 79 patients with GBM were retrospectively collected. The ADC values based on histogram analysis were described using 10th percentile (p10), 90th percentile (p90), mean, median, minimum, maximum, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy. The independent‐sample t test, linear correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed.Results: MGMT promoter methylation and TERT promoter mutation were detected in 53.2% and 44.3% of GBM patients, respectively. The ADCp10 in MGMT promoter unmethylated group was significantly lower than that in the MGMT promoter methylated group (p = 0.005). There were significant differences in ADCmin, ADCp10, ADCmean, and entropy between TERT promoter mutant and wild‐type groups. Entropy showed the best diagnostic performance in differentiating between positive and negative TERT groups (AUC = 0.722, p = 0.001). Overall survival (OS) showed a positive correlation with ADCmin. The TERT promoter mutation was the only independent prognostic factor for GBM.Conclusions: ADC histogram analysis may be a potential noninvasive biomarker for differentiating MGMT and TERT molecular markers and providing prognostic information for GBM patients.
Paradox of Sustainable Growth: The Interplay Between Small and Medium Enterprises and Non‐governmental Organizations and Government Helix
Authors: Islam Ariful , Islam Md Asadul , Hossain Mohammad Imtiaz , Nimfa Danjuma T. , Tehseen Shehnaz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the effective economic engines of most developing countries. Unfortunately, due to resource constraints, the failure rate of SMEs is relatively high, prompting scholars and practitioners to explore potential solutions. Here, the collaboration between SMEs and non‐government organizations (NGOs), supported and guided by governments, can play a strategic role in overcoming resource constraints and promoting sustainable growth. Islamic NGOs can provide Sharia‐based financial support, capacity building, and mentorship to SMEs, especially those owned by Muslim entrepreneurs. Therefore, the goal of this study is to establish a conceptual framework for strategic collaboration between SMEs, conventional NGOs, Islamic NGOs, and governments, with the aim of promoting sustainable growth. A rigorous PICO‐based SLR identified 112 relevant articles. In‐depth analysis using thematic and content approaches, alongside the ADO framework, ensured a robust foundation for the proposed conceptual model. The implementation of methodical procedures further enhanced the rigor of the analysis, ensuring both reliability and validity. The study has devised a strategic collaboration paradigm for the sustainable growth of SMEs, considering the functions of both conventional and Islamic NGOs. This paradigm encompasses innovative financial options, technology transfer, and innovation, value sharing in the supply chain, capacity building and skill development, as well as stakeholder engagement. The results also highlight how important it is for government regulations and policies to be effective from a Helix viewpoint in order to guarantee the long‐term success of SMEs. Additionally, the obtained model has the potential to advance SDG 13 (climate action) and SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals) by fostering cross‐sector collaborations among SMEs and other important stakeholders.
Phase 3 Study of Talazoparib Plus Enzalutamide Versus Placebo Plus Enzalutamide as First‐Line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer: TALAPRO‐2 Japanese Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Matsubara Nobuaki , Miyake Hideaki , Uemura Hiroji , Mizokami Atsushi , Kikukawa Hiroaki , Kosaka Takeo , Nishimura Kazuo , Nakamura Motonobu , Kobayashi Kazuki , Komaru Atsushi , Mori Yuko , Toyoizumi Shigeyuki , Hori Natsuki , Umeyama Yoshiko , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn TALAPRO‐2, the poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor talazoparib plus the androgen receptor–signaling inhibitor enzalutamide improved radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS) versus placebo plus enzalutamide (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51–0.78) in molecularly unselected patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We report an exploratory analysis of efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in Japanese patients enrolled in the TALAPRO‐2 study.MethodsThe ongoing, multinational, randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 TALAPRO‐2 study enrolled patients with mCRPC receiving ongoing androgen deprivation therapy. Patients were prospectively assessed for homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations and randomized 1:1 to receive talazoparib or placebo plus enzalutamide once daily. The primary endpoint was rPFS by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary endpoints included overall survival, objective response, safety, and pharmacokinetics.ResultsFor the 116 Japanese all‐comers patients enrolled in TALAPRO‐2, the HR for rPFS was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.45–1.75) for the talazoparib versus placebo arm; among those with HRR‐deficient disease, the HR was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.16–2.20). Among patients with BRCA1/2 gene alterations in the HRR‐deficient population (n = 10), the HR for rPFS was < 0.01 (95% CI, < 0.01–not reached) for the talazoparib versus placebo arm. In the all‐comers population, the objective response rate by BICR was 55% (all complete responses) in the talazoparib arm versus 36% in the placebo arm. The safety profile of talazoparib plus enzalutamide was similar between Japanese patients and the overall all‐comers population; no new safety signals were identified. Anemia was the most common grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse event (55%) and cause of talazoparib discontinuation (12%). Talazoparib Ctrough was comparable across Japanese, Asian, and non‐Asian subgroups.ConclusionsIn this exploratory analysis, efficacy outcomes with talazoparib plus enzalutamide in Japanese patients in TALAPRO‐2 were consistent with those in the overall all‐comers population. The safety profile and pharmacokinetics of the combination were similar between Japanese patients and the overall all‐comers population.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03395197
Influence of Organ‐Specific Extranodal Involvement on Survival Outcomes in Stage IV Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kim Tong‐Yoon , Kim Tae‐Jung , Han Eun Ji , Min Gi June , Park Sung‐Soo , Park Silvia , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Eun , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Je , Lee Seok , Min Chang‐Ki , Lee Jong‐Wook , Jeon Youngwoo , Cho Seok‐Goo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prognostic significance of extranodal sites in stage IV diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains uncertain, making it challenging to select appropriate treatment strategies for individual patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of different extranodal sites on prognosis in young patients with stage IV DLBCL who achieved complete remission (CR) following initial chemo‐immunotherapy and to explore the potential of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a consolidation treatment for specific patient subgroups.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 119 patients with DLBCL aged < 60 years who achieved CR after chemo‐immunotherapy between 2008 and 2020. Patient survival rates were analyzed in correlation with different extranodal sites using univariate and multivariate models. Additionally, we assessed the effect of ASCT on 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with different extranodal sites involved.Study DesignA retrospective bicenter study.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed a significant decrease in survival rates in patients with a Deauville score of 3 and those with extranodal DLBCL affecting the spleen, bone marrow, nasosinus, and liver. In multivariate analysis, only nasosinusal involvement remained a significant predictor of reduced OS. Patients with spleen involvement benefited significantly from ASCT in terms of 5‐year PFS and OS, whereas those with nasosinusal involvement did not demonstrate any survival advantage with ASCT.ConclusionOur findings highlight the influence of specific extranodal sites on the prognosis of patients with stage IV DLBCL. The data indicate a clear need for precise patient stratification based on extranodal involvement for more effective treatment planning. Notably, patients with spleen involvement appear to benefit from ASCT, suggesting that this strategy could be useful in this subgroup. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm and incorporate these findings into clinical practice.