bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combination of simplex lattice design and chemometrics in the formulation of green tea leaves as transdermal matrix patch
Authors: Setyawan Eka Indra , Rohman Abdul , Setyowati Erna Prawita , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis 
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study was aimed to formulate a transdermal matrix patch using green tea leaf extract.
Materials and methods: The transdermal matrix patch formulation was optimized by the simplex lattice design method. The correlation between responses was analyzed using chemometrics. The observed responses were: 1. the physical properties of the matrix patch, and 2. the percentage of dissolution efficiency of catechins, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate released from the patch. The determination of drug release kinetics was based on the curve-fitting analysis using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models.
Results: The results showed that the optimal formula was obtained using the mixture of HPMC K100, HPMC K4M, and PEG 400 at a ratio of 4.0: 4.5: 0.5. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that %DE300 values of catechin caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate positively correlate. A similar condition was observed between the weight and thickness of the matrix. Drug release kinetics follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.
L'émancipation du théâtre mapuche sur la scène théâtrale chilienne post-dictatoriale.
Authors: Toledo Albornoz Gonzalo 
Published: March 2021

Cet article tente d'analyser la structure du théâtre mapuche contemporain ou du théâtre mapuche-chilien contemporain. Son contenu interroge, d'un point de vue historiographique, le retard du développement et du positionnement d'un théâtre dont les thèmes reflètent la pensée mapuche et ses formes, ainsi que ses attributs esthétiques dans le contexte du théâtre professionnel chilien actuel. La problématique que nous tenterons de développer est intrinsèquement liée à la remise en cause du politique au sein de ce théâtre basé sur un concept d'émancipation. De quoi le théâtre mapuche s’est-il spécifiquement émancipé ? Et si cette émancipation se vérifie, dans quelle mesure ou sous quelles formes le politique est-il interrogé dans son écriture et sa mise en scène ? Pour développer ces questions, nous analyserons les principales œuvres contribuant à la configuration du théâtre mapuche au XXe siècle et proposerons une réflexion plus approfondie des œuvres de la compagnie de théâtre Kimvn et de l'artiste Paula González Seguel.
Teatro x la Identidad et féminismes : trois études de cas
Authors: Jetté Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2021

L’Argentine est secouée depuis 2015 par un regain des luttes féministes, notamment grâce au mouvement Ni una menos et à la campagne pour le droit à l’avortement. Certaines compagnies théâtrales argentines prennent d’assaut la scène pour nourrir et défendre ces mobilisations. L’association Teatro x la Identidad, créée en 2000 dans l’idée de soutenir le projet des Grands-mères de la Place de Mai, semble s’inscrire dans ce mouvement, bien que sa mission n’explicite pas un engagement féministe. Cet article propose de démontrer en quoi le Teatro x la Identidad, qui se définit comme un outil de changement socio-culturel depuis 20 ans, appuie les revendications féministes actuelles. Celles-ci seront d’abord brièvement contextualisées. Puis seront exposés l’évolution du mandat de l’association Teatro x la Identidad et les différents aspects de son travail qui se rapportent à la justice sociale. Enfin, trois textes du Teatro x la Identidad seront analysés afin d’en dévoiler le caractère féministe : Gloria de Virginia Feinmann joué en 2014, El Origen de Carol Inturias produit en 2015 et Rosaura de Pablo dos Reis présenté en 2017.
Théâtre et post-conflit : panorama des scènes et des écritures colombiennes contemporaines à l’ère de la construction de la paix
Authors: Jambrina Nina 
Published: March 2021

Cet article traite du dialogue entre les scènes et les écritures théâtrales contemporaines et le contexte politique des accords de paix en Colombie entre le gouvernement de Juan Manuel Santos et la guérilla des FARC-EP en 2016. Quels sont les rôles et les fonctions qu’endossent les pratiques artistiques dans les processus complexes de réconciliation, de pardon ou encore de réparation ? Quelles continuités ou ruptures peut-on observer vis-à-vis des pratiques antérieures à la signature des accords de paix ? Après une mise en contexte historique et politique amenant à la période actuelle, l’article propose un panorama varié et non exhaustif de propositions théâtrales contemporaines pour finalement s’interroger sur les enjeux et les défis des scènes colombiennes aujourd’hui.
Prédire la révolte chilienne : Le théâtre comme espace d’anticipation des émancipations ?
Authors: Jésupret Célia 
Published: March 2021

Au milieu de la révolte sociale qu’a connu le Chili au printemps austral 2019, les théâtres et les artistes – les uns par leur programmation, les autres par le biais des réseaux sociaux – ont mis en avant des créations récentes qui, selon eux ont, « anticipé » la crise sociale, ou qui tout du moins s’inscrivaient parfaitement dans la contingence du moment. Entre stratégie de communication pour attirer du public et création romantique d’une image d’artistes prophètes, ce discours témoigne surtout de l’observation d’un théâtre qui a cristallisé les mécontentements et questionnements sociopolitiques exprimées par la société chilienne depuis une quinzaine d’année. Il s’agit ici de voir dans quelle mesure ce caractère prédictif ou anticipateur prêté à certains spectacles esquisse une dramaturgie de l’émancipation permettant d’imaginer, à partir de la scène, un nouveau système socio-politique.
Neointegralismo: do debate historiográfico a uma possível definição
Authors: Caldeira Neto Odilon 
Published: March 2021

Nos últimos anos, os estudos sobre o integralismo (principal iniciativa política de inspiração fascista na história política brasileira) tiveram um notável avanço. Isso levou à absorção de debates oriundos nos estudos dos fascismos transnacionais, assim como desgarrou-se da exclusividade de pesquisas em torno da experiência institucional da Ação Integralista Brasileira (1932-1937). O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, especificamente, a particularidade do neointegralismo, entendido como o integralismo após a morte de Plínio Salgado (1975), apresentando as principais interpretações sobre o tema, assim como propondo uma definição mais circunstanciada da noção de “neointegralismo”.
Les mobilisations citoyennes d’arrachement de l’étang de Berre à l’industrialisation
Authors: Allouche Aurélien 
Published: March 2021

Cet article aborde les mobilisations citoyennes pour la réhabilitation écologique de l’étang de Berre de 1988 à 1992. Il décrit ces mobilisations comme un travail d’arrachement de l’étang à sa vocation industrielle. Ce travail comprend trois dimensions : une reterritorialisation de l’étang, un basculement du paradigme économique, enfin une reconstruction des formes de militantisme.
Attachements, pratiques sociales et usages du territoire à l’épreuve des pollutions à Fos‑sur‑Mer et Port‑Saint‑Louis‑du‑Rhône
Authors: Gramaglia Christelle , Duchêne Émilie 
Published: March 2021

La zone industrialo portuaire (ZIP) de Fos est l’une des plus importantes d’Europe. Elle s’étend sur dix mille hectares et comprend de très nombreuses usines métallurgiques, pétrochimiques et gazières, mais également des activités de traitement de déchets et de logistique. Les villes de Port-Saint-Louis du Rhône et Fos‑sur‑Mer sont situées dans son immédiate proximité. Vingt-cinq mille personnes environ y résident, sous l’influence de rejets polluants multiples. Si la presse se fait régulièrement l’écho des revendications formulées par des riverains inquiets pour leur santé, rares sont les informations disponibles sur les effets sociaux générés par ces pollutions. Notre article s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée entre 2015 et 2016, qui nous a permis de documenter les conséquences des pollutions sur l’habitabilité du territoire de la ZIP. Pour ce faire, nous avons interrogé des riverains sur leurs pratiques domestiques et environnementales, en essayant de voir comment celles‑ci étaient soit empêchées soit modifiées. Notre recherche a permis d’identifier des formes de connaissance intimes de la pollution et des pratiques d’accommodement originales destinées à limiter les risques d’exposition. Nous les avons nommées « ethnométhodes ». Nous montrons qu’elles se nourrissent des attachements forts que ce territoire suscite, malgré les meurtrissures infligées par le productivisme.
Conflits socio-politiques dans l’Alger des Barberousse (1518‑1562)
Authors: Caprioli Francesco 
Published: March 2021

Au début de l’Époque moderne, l’expansion ottomane au Maghreb entraîna une redéfinition générale des méthodes de gestion politique des sociétés nord-africaines. Dans ce processus de changement de régime, la ville d’Alger connut plusieurs moments de tension sociale du fait de son incorporation, comme province de frontière (beylik), dans la structure de l’Empire des sultans. Même si l’historiographie occidentale n’a réduit ces conflits qu’à une lutte pour l’obtention de l’autorité politique entre factions socio-ethniques, « Janissaires » et « renégats », la réalité fut plus complexe. Dans le cadre d’un débat historiographique bien établi portant sur les méthodes de gestion décentralisée de l’Empire ottoman, le présent article analyse le processus de légitimation politique à Alger, entre 1518 et 1562, afin de relire les rivalités ethniques entre les membres de l’appareil militaro-administratif algérien comme expressions des stratégies politiques au sein de la maison (kapı) du gouverneur ottoman.
Restauration et entretien de la statuaire dans les temples égyptiens : un aperçu
Authors: Jung Marie-Paule 
Published: March 2021

À travers la présentation de quelques exemples, cet article propose un aperçu des techniques de restauration, réparation et entretien des statues placées dans les temples égyptiens ; les valeurs pouvant être attribuées à ces interventions dans certains contextes sont également abordées.
Le recueil de dessins d’Alfred André, une source inestimable pour l’histoire de la restauration des émaux peints de Limoges au xixe siècle
Authors: Kurovets Olga , Barbe Françoise 
Published: March 2021

Les archives du célèbre restaurateur parisien Alfred André (1839-1919) conservent un recueil de dessins d’émaux peints de Limoges, inconnu des spécialistes jusqu’en 2013. Son étude fait la lumière sur les techniques de restauration pratiquées par la maison André et leur évolution. Elle permet également d’établir une liste des œuvres qui furent restaurées par l’atelier dans la seconde moitié du xixe et au début du xxe siècle, et qui sont actuellement conservées dans de nombreux musées du monde (British Museum, J. Paul Getty Museum, musée national de la Renaissance à Écouen, musée des Beaux-Arts de Limoges…). L’article se concentre sur la description de deux techniques de restauration exécutées chez André (la soudure de parties rapportées et le patch) et en propose une chronologie, en s’appuyant sur la comparaison des œuvres et des dessins conservés. La nature et le rôle des dessins sont également évoqués, mettant en évidence les potentialités qu’une telle source d’information offre à un chercheur en histoire de la restauration.
Revealing the identity of Mordellistena minima and M. pseudorhenana (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) based on re-examined type material and DNA barcodes, with new distributional records and comments on morphological variability
Authors: Selnekovič Dávid , Goffová Katarína , Kodada Ján , Improta Roberta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current interpretation of two common European species, Mordellistena minima Costa, 1854 and M. pseudorhenana Ermisch, 1977, is based on misidentification. The confusion regarding the identity of the species is fixed based on the revised type material. Here, the species are redescribed, and diagnostic characters are provided. Mordellistena pseudorhenana is revalidated. Mordellistena emeryi Schilsky, 1895 is recognised as a new synonym of M. minima. Mordellistena sajoi Ermisch, 1977 is recognised as a new synonym of M. pseudorhenana. Lectotype and paralectotypes of M. emeryi are designated. Mordellistena pseudorhenana is reported for the first time from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, and Switzerland. Two morphotypes of M. pseudorhenana differing in size and shape of the parameres are recognised. Morphological differences are quantified and displayed using principal component analysis. In addition, DNA barcodes have been used for the first time in family Mordellidae to examine the divergences between the species and to interpret the morphological variability observed in M. pseudorhenana. Low genetic divergences did not provide the evidence for considering the morphotypes as separate species. The discrepancy between the morphological and molecular evidence raises questions about the efficiency of the CO1 gene for Mordellidae identification and the stability of morphological traits conventionally used for species separation.
Shorter Delay to Treatment by Integrated Diagnostic Services and Ngo-Provided Support among Breast Cancer Patients in Two Brazilian Referral Centres
Authors: dos Santos Andrade Lorena Sofia , de Melo Santos Tácila Thamires , Case de Oliveira Milena Edite , Lima Gomes Kedma Anne , Araújo Pereira Soares Adriana Raquel , de Oliveira Tiago Almeida , Weller Mathias 
Published: March 2021

Background The diagnosis of breast cancer requires a complicated series of diagnostic exams. The present study addressed the delay of patients who used publicly and privately financed diagnostic services. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) donated diagnostic mammograms and biopsies. Design and methods Data from 304 patients were obtained from two Brazilian referral centres. In one referral centre (FAP), diagnostic mammography, clinic-histopathological exam and immunohistochemistry were outsourced, whereas in the other centre (HNL), these services were integrated. Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis and non-parametric tests were used to compare variables and time intervals. Results If diagnostic mammography was financed privately and covered by private health insurance, the likelihood of a delay of >90 days between the first medical visit and the initiation of treatment decreased 2.15-fold (95%CI: 1.06-4.36; p=0.033) and 4.44-fold (95%CI: 1.58-12.46; p=0.004), respectively. If the clinic- histopathological exam was outsourced (FAP) and publicly or privately financed, the median time between diagnostic mammography and the diagnostic result was 53 and 65 days in the integrated (HNL) and outsourced public system, compared to 29 days in the outsourced private system (p<0.050). The median time between the first medical visit and the diagnostic results of patients who were supported by NGOs, who financed their diagnostic services privately, and who used exclusively public diagnostic services was, respectively, 28.0, 48.5 and 77.5 days (p<0.050). Conclusion Patients who used privately financed health services had shorter delays. Compared to outsourcing, the integration of the publicly financed clinic- histopathological exam diminished the delay. The support of patients by NGOs accelerated patient flow.
Dynamic Estimation of Epidemiological Parameters of Covid-19 Outbreak and Effects of Interventions on Its Spread
Authors: Zhang Hongzhe , Zhao Xiaohang , Yin Kexin , Yan Yiren , Qian Wei , Chen Bintong , Fang Xiao 
Published: March 2021

Background A key challenge in estimating epidemiological parameters for a pandemic such as the initial COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan is the discrepancy between the officially reported number of infections and the true number of infections. A common approach to tackling the challenge is to use the number of infections exported from the originating city to infer the true number. This approach can only provide a static estimate of the epidemiological parameters before city lockdown because there are almost no exported cases thereafter. Methods We propose a Bayesian estimation method that dynamically estimates the epidemiological parameters by recovering true numbers of infections from day-to-day official numbers. To illustrate the use of this method, we provide a comprehensive retrospection on how the COVID-19 had progressed in Wuhan from January 19 to March 5, 2020. Particularly, we estimate that the outbreak sizes by January 23 and March 5 were 11,239 [95% CI 4,794–22,372] and 124,506 [95% CI 69,526–265,113], respectively. Results The effective reproduction number attained its maximum on January 24 (3.42 [95% CI 3.34–3.50]) and became less than 1 from February 7 (0.76 [95% CI 0.65–0.92]). We also estimate the effects of two major government interventions on the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan. Conclusions This case study by our proposed method affirms the believed importance and effectiveness of imposing tight nonessential travel restrictions and affirm the importance and effectiveness of government interventions ( e.g., transportation suspension and large scale hospitalization) for effective mitigation of COVID-19 community spread.
The Lag between Daily Reported Covid-19 Cases and Deaths and Its Relationship to Age
Authors: Jin Raymond 
Published: March 2021

Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has infected millions and killed tens of thousands of people. Public health measures put in place by governments are essential to the success of controlling this disease. However, governments may not feel as incentivized to implement these measures when deaths are not rising along with cases. However, it is known that a delay exists between the time of infection and the time of death. This study attempted to find how long that lag is and how the age of people infected may affect that lag. Design and Method A descriptive and correlational study was carried out to investigate the length of the lag and the relationship between lag and age. Results The average lag between daily Covid-19 cases and deaths was 8.053 days with a standard deviation of 4.116 days for nineteen regions. After excluding data from three more regions due to unavailable age data, the regression yielded an equation of lag = 14.015 – 0.153 (% cases above 60) with a p-value of 0.066. Because the p-value of 0.066 is lower than the 0.10 significance level, there is evidence that a relationship exists between the lag and the age of cases. Conclusion The results show that regions must remain vigilant when Covid-19 cases rapidly increase without similar increases in deaths since there exists a significant lag between the two. Additionally, a younger demographic of cases may lead to an increased lag, further pushing regions into a false sense of security that should be avoided.
Extranodal natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Champaka G. , Amirtham Usha , Jacob Linu Abraham , Premalata C. S. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Extranodal natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), is a rare, aggressive, predominantly extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of putative natural-killer (NK) cell and rarely T-cell origin, always associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and characterized by highly distinctive histopathological features with predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract. While the nasal cavity is the prototypical site, less frequently extranasal ENKTL can also occur. The objective of this case series is to study the immunomorphological features of ENKTL from a tertiary cancer centre as the data are sparse from India despite it being a distinct entity with characteristic clinicopathological features.

Methods:
We identified 11 cases of ENKTL from the departmental archives between January 2015 and June 2018. The clinicopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings of these tumors were analyzed. EBV encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) for EBV was done in eight cases.

Results:
The disease was more common in males (male: female ratio 1.8:1) with the mean age of 45 years (range 31–65 years). Sinonasal region was the most common site with 9 cases and skin and penis were involved in one case each. The patient with penile involvement on further investigations was found to have occult nasal involvement, Histomorphological features such as angiocentricity/angioinvasion was seen in seven cases (63.6%) and significant necrosis was present in all 11 cases (100%). All cases were uniformly positive for cytoplasmic CD3 and CD56 with high Ki67 proliferating index and EBER-ISH test for EBV was positive in all the eight cases.

Conclusion:
ENKTL is an aggressive NHL and should be differentiated from other T- and B-cell lymphomas as the prognosis and therapy differ. Nasal biopsies showing predominant necrosis and atypical lymphoid cells with angiocentricity must raise the suspicion of ENKTL and should be confirmed by immunomorphological and molecular studies.
Normative data for inferior vena cava diameters and collapsibility index in healthy Indian children from a tertiary care hospital of Chennai
Authors: Ghosh Vidya , Ranjit Suchitra , Balasubramaniam Ramakrishnan , Agrwal Shipra 
Published: March 2021

Background:
An ultrasound evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility index (CI) has proven to be an excellent noninvasive method of evaluating hydration in adult patients. There is a lack of normative data on the IVC diameters and CI in Indian children. This study was planned to formulate the normative values for IVC diameter in children and adolescents and to assess its correlation with various somatic parameters in Indian children aged 6 months–16 years.

Subjects and Methods:
Children aged 6 months–16 years in good general health, normal hydrations, and without any significant underlying medical condition who were coming to hospital for their treatment in the outpatient department were consecutively enrolled in the study. The maximum and minimum diameters of IVC were measured during the expiratory and inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle, respectively, using M mode ultrasonography. CI was also calculated for each subject. These values were correlated with age, gender, and body surface area (BSA).

Results:
One hundred patients were enrolled in the study, 48 were boys and 52 were girls. The mean (standard deviation) CI was 23.3% (11.9) among males and 20.1% (11.7) among females. The mean maximum and minimum IVC diameter increased significantly with age (r = 0.738, P = 0.00; r = 0.789 P = 0.000) and with BSA (r = 0.73, P = 0.0001; r = 0.77, P = 0.0001). CI did not show significant correlation with age or BSA.

Conclusion:
IVC dimensions during inspiration or expiration increases with age and BSA, but same relation does not hold for CI. These values were similar among males and females.
SİNOP/AYANCIK/TARAKÇI KÖYÜ GEBELİT CAMİSİ VE MEZAR TAŞLARI
Authors: ÇELEMOĞLU Şuayip 
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada Sinop ili, Ayancık ilçesi, Tarakçı Köyü, Gebelit Mahallesi’nde yer alan cami ve haziresindeki mezar taşları tanıtılacaktır. Cami, yapıya geçiş kapısı üzerinde yer alan kitabeye göre 1289 (M.1872/3) yılında Uzunoğluzâde Hacı Osman Ağa’nın oğlu Çolak Osman Ağa tarafından yeniden yaptırılmıştır. Cami kuzeybatı-güneydoğu doğrultusunda dikdörtgen bir alanı kaplamakta olup sonradan eklenen son cemaat yeri ve harim bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Mütevazı ölçülerde bir mahalle camisi olan yapı, moloz taş malzeme ile yığma tekniğinde inşa edilmiştir.
Caminin haziresinde ve mezarlık alanında Osmanlı Dönemi, Osmanlı mezar taşı geleneğini devam ettiren Cumhuriyet Dönemi ve günümüz mezar taşları bulunmaktadır.
Hazirede ve yolun alt kısmındaki mezarlıkta Osmanlı dönemine ait, Cumhuriyet dönemi tarihli olup Osmanlı mezar taşı geleneğini devam ettiren mezar taşları ve günümüz mezar taşı anlayışını devam ettiren mezar taşları bulunmaktadır.
Osmanlı Dönemi ve Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete geçiş sürecinde taşrada bir ilçe mezarlığındaki belli bir döneme şahitlik eden taşlarla, tarihe, sosyolojiye, halk kültürüne ve edebi eserlere katkıda bulunmak hedeflenmektedir.