bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anästhesietechnische Assistenten/-innen – ein neuer Beruf im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Janssen Sven 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beruf Anästhesietechnische(r) Assistent(in) (ATA) ist für viele Kolleginnen und Kollegen ein neues Berufsbild im Gesundheitswesen. Nachwuchssorgen und ein ausgeprägter Fachkräftemangel sind nur 2 Schlagworte, die die aktuelle Situation im Gesundheitswesen beschreiben – Unterstützung soll in Zukunft von den ATA kommen. Dieser Artikel erläutert die Ausbildungsstruktur und die Aufgabengebiete.
Das Projekt „ICH! liebe“ zur Förderung der sexuellen Selbstbestimmung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung
Authors: Djanic Daniela 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit geistiger Behinderung sind in ihrer sexuellen Selbstbestimmung oft eingeschränkt. Ihnen fehlt Wissen zu Liebe, Sexualität, Partnerschaft und Familienplanung, und oft fehlen auch Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten, wenn Betreuungspersonen bzw. Einrichtungen entsprechende Erfahrungsräume verwehren. Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag stellt das sexualpädagogische Projekt „ICH! liebe“ der pro familia Bünde vor, das sich an Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung sowie an Mitarbeiter:innen der Eingliederungshilfe richtet. Die Projektleiterin beschreibt die Abläufe und fasst Evaluationsergebnisse zusammen.
Sexualität und Behinderung – ein Kommentar aus männlich-queerer Perspektive
Authors: Krösche Bastian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit Behinderung wird in unserer Gesellschaft schon im Alltag häufig noch nicht auf Augenhöhe begegnet. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie eine gleichberechtigte Sexualität für Menschen mit Behinderung möglich sein soll. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet im Hinblick auf diese Frage drei ausgewählte Felder: Sexualbegleitung als Sonderbehandlung im Bereich der Sexarbeit, die schwule Szene, die häufig dafür sorgt, dass es zu einer Doppeldiskriminierung von behinderten Männern kommt, und Medien mit ihrer Form der Darstellung.
Effect of Caffeine on Otoacoustic Emissions
Authors: Drepath Kumar Sanish , Rajan Athira , Nayak Srikanth , Vijay Arya , Kumar Sathish 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Caffeine is consumed everyday in a variety of ways by a large population around the world, including coffee, tea, and soft drinks. Therefore, there is a significant need to explore the effects of caffeine on human auditory system. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine on cochlea using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE).
Materials and Methods Thirty-three young adults were recruited for the study. The effect of caffeine on cochlea was assessed using DPOAE at frequencies between 1 to 10 kHz before and after caffeine consumption.
Results The signal to noise ratio of DPOAE was compared before and after coffee intake, which revealed no significant differences.
Conclusion The current study results suggest that caffeine has no effect on cochlear functioning.
Effects of Menstrual Cycles on VOR Gain Functions
Authors: Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Mohamad Alfarghal , Penwal Suman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to assess the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain function and VOR gain asymmetry during the various phases of the menstrual cycle in young healthy female participants. The study also aimed to characterize the presence or absence of corrective saccades during the various phases of the menstrual cycle.
Method Twenty-nine young healthy females participated in the study. The video head impulse test (vHIT) was performed in lateral, left anterior right posterior, and right anterior left posterior plane during the various phases of the menstrual cycle to see the changes in VOR gain function and VOR gain asymmetry ratio changes.
Results A repeated measure analysis of variance test did not show any significant main effect for the VOR gain function and VOR gain asymmetry ratio in various phases of the menstrual cycle in all the participants. The result suggested no changes in VOR gain function and VOR asymmetry ratio in healthy females during the menstrual cycle. Also, there was an absence of saccades in the entire participants group during the various phases of the menstrual cycle.
Conclusions As the VOR gain function does not change during the various phases of the menstrual cycle in young healthy females, there is no need to consider the various phases of the menstrual cycle while testing any female participant during the vHIT test.
The processing and evaluation of news content on social media is influenced by peer-user commentary
Authors: Boot Arnout B. , Dijkstra Katinka , Zwaan Rolf A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContemporary news often spreads via social media. This study investigated whether the processing and evaluation of online news content can be influenced by Likes and peer-user comments. An online experiment was designed, using a custom-built website that resembled Facebook, to explore how Likes, positive comments, negative comments, or a combination of positive and negative comments would affect the reader’s processing of news content. The results showed that especially negative comments affected the readers’ personal opinions about the news content, even in combination with other positive comments: They (1) induced more negative attitudes, (2) lowered intent to share it, (3) reduced agreement with conveyed ideas, (4) lowered perceived attitude of the general public, and (5) decreased the credibility of the content. Against expectations, the presence of Likes did not affect the readers, irrespective of the news content. An important consideration is that, while the negative comments were persuasive, they comprised subjective, emotive, and fallacious rhetoric. Finally, negativity bias, the perception of expert authority, and cognitive heuristics are discussed as potential explanations for the persuasive effect of negative comments.
Antibacterial hydrogel microparticles with drug loading for wound healing
Authors: Zhang Hongzhen , Xu Ronghua , Yin Zuowen , Yu Jun , Liang Ning , Geng Qian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Wound healing and regeneration are critical in medical care and pose a huge challenge for healthcare systems. It has great significance to develop functional materials for promoting wound repair. Herein, we presented novel antibacterial hydrogel microparticles with drug loading to treat the wound. The chitosan (CS) droplets were generated from a microfluidic electrospray system and solidified by sodium hydroxide solution. With further drying and drug uploading process, the drug-loaded CS microparticles (CSMPs) were achieved. The CSMPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial property, and displayed excellent capability in promoting wound healing in multiple stages. Hence, it is expected that the presented CSMPs can serve as multifunctional dressings for wound healing applications.
Social status does not predict in-camp integration among egalitarian hunter-gatherer men
Authors: Fedurek Piotr , Aktipis Athena , Cronk Lee , Makambi E Jerryson , Mabulla Ibrahim , Berbesque J Colette , Lehmann Julia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been much research regarding the importance of social prestige in shaping the social structure of small-scale societies. While recent studies show that social prestige may have important health consequences, little is known about the extent to which prestige translates into actual in-person interactions and proximity, even though the level of integration into such real-life social networks has been shown to have important health consequences. Here, we determine the extent to which two different domains of social prestige, popularity (being perceived as a friend by others), and hunting reputation (being perceived as a good hunter), translate into GPS-derived in- and out-of-camp proximity networks in a group of egalitarian hunter-gatherer men, the Hadza. We show that popularity and hunting reputation differ in the extent to which they are translated into time spent physically close to each other. Moreover, our findings suggest that in-camp proximity networks, which are commonly applied in studies of small-scale societies, do not show the full picture of Hadza men’s social preferences. While men are in camp, neither popularity nor hunting reputation is associated with being central in the proximity network; however, when out of camp, Hadza men who are popular are more integrated in the proximity networks while men with better hunting reputations are less integrated. Overall, our findings suggest that, to fully understand social preferences among hunter-gatherers, both in-camp and out-of-camp proximity networks should be considered.
Outcomes of robotic low anterior resection versus transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Buan J L B , So W Z , Lim X C , Chong C S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The quality of total mesorectal excision (TME) is regarded as a fundamental key to the oncological outcome of rectal cancer. Robotic low anterior resection (RLAR) and transanal TME (TaTME) were developed to overcome the technical challenges of conventional open TME. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of RLAR versus TaTME for rectal cancer.

Methods
Retrospective data from patients undergoing RLAR or TaTME at a colorectal unit in Singapore were analysed. The primary outcomes were the short-term clinical and pathological results including specimen margins and quality of TME. Secondary outcomes were recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates.

Results
A total of 80 patients who underwent either RLAR or TaTME were analysed. The TaTME group had a shorter operating time than the RLAR group (354 versus 481 min respectively; P &lt; 0.001) and fewer stays in the high-dependency and intensive care units (38.1 versus 73.7 per cent; P = 0.010). There was a higher rate of readmissions at 30 days in the TaTME group (19.0 versus 0 per cent; P = 0.006). Specimens from TaTME had greater proximal (14.0 versus 10.0 cm; P = 0.045) and distal (2.50 versus 1.65 cm; P = 0.021) margins. Patients undergoing TaTME had borderline longer DFS (25.9 versus 15.7 months; P = 0.049). Subgroup analysis of patients with (y)pT3–4 tumours showed fewer positive circumferential resection margins with TaTME (0 versus 18.2 per cent; P = 0.019) and improved DFS (25.9 versus 15.7 months; P = 0.017).

Conclusion
Superior margins were obtained with TaTME, especially in locally advanced tumours, although TaTME was associated with a higher readmission rate compared with RLAR.
Path dependence and stagnation in a classical growth model
Authors: Michl Thomas R , Tavani Daniele 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper embeds a technical progress function in a classical growth model and studies the effects of permanent changes in parameters and temporary shocks such as pandemics. Technical change is driven by dynamic economies of scale and responds to distributional forces: the wage share regulates labour-saving technical change and employment regulates its capital-using bias. The model features path dependence in the employment-population rate and the output-capital ratio. Population growth and distribution can respond to the employment rate. Interpreted through the model, secular stagnation under neoliberal capitalism has been driven by a combination of diminished investment and reduced worker bargaining power more than by slower technical change and population growth. A temporary unfavourable shock to the output-capital ratio will permanently reduce the employment rate. In the fully endogenous model, this will increase the profit share and reduce the rates of technical change, capital accumulation, and population growth.
Drivers of deindustrialisation in internationally fragmented production structures
Authors: Lábaj Martin , Majzlíková Erika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper provides detailed evidence on the extent of outsourcing and offshoring of manufacturing employment and value added using a regional subsystem input–output framework. The paper argues that direct employment and the value-added shares of manufacturing in the totals underestimate manufacturing’s importance. Jobs in manufacturing subsystems accounted for more than 25% of total worldwide employment, in contrast to just 15% recorded in direct statistics. In major developed countries, the level of intersectoral outsourcing reached its upper limit at the beginning of the new millennium. At the same time, the offshoring of activities interlinked with manufacturing has become the dominant driver of deindustrialisation in these countries. While direct manufacturing employment and intersectoral outsourcing declined between 2000 and 2014, offshoring experienced a significant increase of 6.5 percentage points, from 29% to 35.5% of the total employment generated under the G7 manufacturing subsystem. Furthermore, 84% of the value added that existed to meet the final demand for manufactured products in G7 countries remained in G7 countries, while most of the jobs needed to meet G7 final demand have been offshored to developing countries. The paper concludes that the importance of manufacturing subsystems for the world economy did not decline over 2000–14, but there was a significant shift of manufacturing activities and related services from G7 countries to China and other rapidly growing economies.
Combatting the imbalance of sex ratio at birth: medium-term impact of India’s National Programme of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao in the Haryana State of India
Authors: Gupta Rakesh , Singhal Girdhari Lal , Goyal Aarti , Kaur Gurjinder , Purohit Neha , Prinja Shankar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Government of India initiated the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (B3P) programme in 2015 as a flagship initiative to reduce gender imbalance in sex ratio at birth (SRB) and to ensure social protection of girls. The present study was conducted to evaluate the medium-term impact of B3P implementation in Haryana state, from 2015 to 2019, on SRB. Monthly data on SRB were collected for the entire state of Haryana through a civil registration system. Segmented time series regression analysis was used to estimate the variations in SRB after the B3P programme with the help of Winter’s additive interrupted time series model. The SRB in Haryana increased from 876 girls per 1000 boys in 2015 to 923 in 2019. The results of the model demonstrated that before the inception of intervention (pre-slope), there was a significant monthly change in SRB of 0.217 (95% confidence interval: 0.144–0.290). Following the B3P programme, SRB was found to increase by 0.835 per month, which implied that an increase of 0.618 (confidence interval: 0.338, 0.898) every month in SRB can be attributed to the B3P programme. This indicated that SRB for the state of Haryana increased at the rate of 7.42 units per year as a result of the B3P programme. B3P has led to a significant improvement in SRB in Haryana state. The continuity of efforts in the same direction with a sustained focus on behaviour change will further help achieve the goal of gender parity in births and child survival.
Genotypic HIV-1 tropism determination might help to identify people with exhausted treatment options and advanced disease
Authors: Bouba Yagai , Armenia Daniele , Forbici Federica , Bertoli Ada , Borghi Vanni , Gagliardini Roberta , Vergori Alessandra , Cicalini Stefania , Mazzotta Valentina , Malagnino Vincenzo , Lichtner Miriam , Latini Alessandra , Mussini Cristina , Andreoni Massimo , Antinori Andrea , Perno Carlo Federico , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , Santoro Maria Mercedes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate HIV-1 tropism in 1382 combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-experienced patients failing therapy to characterize those with exhausted therapeutic options.MethodsHIV-1 genotypic tropism was inferred through Geno2Pheno by estimating the false-positive-rate (FPR) values. Cumulative resistance and drug activity were evaluated by Stanford algorithm.ResultsOverall, median (IQR) CD4 count (cells/mm3) nadir and at last genotypic resistance test (GRT) available were 98 (33–211) and 312 (155–517), respectively. Considering HIV-1 tropism, 30.5% had X4/dual-mixed strains (FPR ≤5%: 22.2%; FPR 5%–10%: 8.3%). By stratifying according to tropism, by decreasing FPR, a significant decrease of CD4 nadir and at last GRT was observed. The proportion of individuals with CD4 count &lt;200 cells/mm3, who were perinatally infected and with a long treatment history significantly increased as FPR levels decreased. Regarding resistance, 933 (67.5%) individuals accumulated at least one class resistance, with 52.7%, 48.2%, 23.5% and 13.2% of individuals showing resistance to NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs and INIs; while 23.2%, 27.2%, 14.3% and 2.8% harboured resistance to 1, 2, 3 and 4 classes, respectively. Individuals with FPR ≤5% showed a significantly higher level of resistance to PIs, NRTIs and INIs compared with others. The proportion of individuals harbouring strains susceptible to ≤2 active drugs was only about 2%; nonetheless, this proportion doubled (4.6%) in patients infected with FPR ≤5%.ConclusionsOur findings showed that a small proportion of cART failing individuals have limited therapeutic options. However, tropism determination might help to identify people who have accumulated a high level of resistance and have a greater risk of advanced disease.
Highly significant differences in HBsAg kinetics among patients with two types of hepatitis B flare, with and without retreatment
Authors: Jeng Wen-Juei , Liu Yen-Chun , Peng Chien-Wei , Chien Rong-Nan , Liaw Yun-Fan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOff-therapy hepatitis flare may be detrimental or, conversely, facilitate hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decline. Retreatment decisions are crucial.MethodsHBsAg was quantified before and during flares, at peak/retreatment start and at Months 6 and 12 in 336 entecavir/tenofovir-retreated and 105 non-retreated hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients. Increasing HBsAg during ALT flare defined a ‘virus-dominating flare’ and decreasing HBsAg a ‘host-dominating flare’.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty-eight retreated patients with a virus-dominating flare showed greater 1 year HBsAg decline (−1.0 versus −0.01 log10 IU/mL; P &lt; 0.0001), more frequent rapid decline (69.8% versus 8.3%; P &lt; 0001) and higher 3 year incidence of HBsAg &lt; 100 IU/mL (32% versus 12%; P = 0.026) than 48 patients with a host-dominating flare, of whom 16 (33.3%) showed 3.8-fold (2 to 52-fold) HBsAg rebound on retreatment (versus 2/288; P &lt; 0.0001). Compared with non-retreated controls, 1 year HBsAg decline was greater (−1.0 versus −0.47 log10 IU/mL; P &lt; 0.0001) and faster (69.8% versus 42.5%; P &lt; 0.0001) in patients with a virus-dominating flare, whereas 1 year HBsAg decline (−0.01 versus −0.16 log10 IU/mL) and 3 year HBsAg loss rate (0% versus 21%; P = 0.009) were lower in patients with a host-dominating flare.ConclusionsEntecavir/tenofovir retreatment effectively decreases HBsAg level in patients with a virus-dominating flare but is ineffective/worse in patients with a host-dominating flare. These results support the use of combined HBsAg/ALT kinetics for the decision to retreat patients with a virus-dominating flare and withhold retreatment for patients with a host-dominating flare.
No Coming Back to Sick Society: The Emergence of New Drug User Segment in the Järvenpää Social Hospital in Finland, 1965–1975
Authors: Parhi Katariina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article explores the emergence of “new” drug users by taking a closer look at the medical records of individuals who received inpatient treatment in the Järvenpää Social Hospital in Finland due to their drug consumption during the years 1965–1975. The hospital focused on social and psychiatric care. The Social Hospital patients differentiated themselves between “classical narcomaniacs” and new users, which indicates that a new user segment had emerged. The hospital staff described the new patients’ personalities as shortsighted and dependent on others but avoided making homogenic or dogmatic psychiatric interpretations. Both the patients and the staff referred to “drug philosophy” or “drug ideology,” which positioned drug consumption in a certain work-avoiding societal context. The main argument is that the Social Hospital archive provides an invaluable source by offering a combination of medical and societal analysis together with patients’ perspectives. Drug use was seen as a social problem that was never simplified into any one cause. Instead, the files offer a nuanced view to drug use and youth culture in Finland.
Meta-Analysis of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Gonzalez Brian D , Eisel Sarah L , Bowles Kristina E , Hoogland Aasha I , James Brian W , Small Brent J , Sharpe Susan , Hyland Kelly A , Bulls Hailey W , Christy Shannon M , Mansfield Jori , Nelson Ashley M , Alla Raviteja , Maharaj Kelly , Kennedy Brittany , Lafranchise Elizabeth , Williams Noelle L , Jennewein Sarah , Oswald Laura B , Postow Michael A , Dicker Adam P , Jim Heather S L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have published patient-reported quality of life (QOL), but the size and heterogeneity of this literature can make patient education difficult. This meta-analysis aimed to describe change in QOL and symptomatology in patients receiving ICIs for cancer.

Methods
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases were searched through November 2019 for articles or abstracts of prospective, original studies reporting longitudinal QOL in adult cancer patients treated with ICIs. The prespecified primary outcomes were change in global QOL among patients treated with ICIs and difference in change since baseline in global QOL between patients treated with ICI vs non-ICI active treatment. Secondary outcomes included physical functioning and symptomatology. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Of 20 323 publications, 26 met inclusion criteria. Global QOL did not change over time in patients treated with ICIs (k = 26, n = 6974; P = .19). Larger improvements in global QOL was observed in patients receiving ICI vs non-ICI regimens (k = 16, ICI: n = 3588; non-ICI: n = 2948; P &lt; .001). Physical functioning did not change in patients treated with ICIs (k = 14, n = 3169; P = .47); there were no differences in mean change between ICI vs non-ICI regimens (k = 11, n = 4630; P = .94). Regarding symptoms, appetite loss, insomnia, and pain severity decreased, but dyspnea severity increased in patients treated with ICIs (k = 14, n = 3243-3499; P &lt; .001). Insomnia severity was higher in patients treated with ICIs than non-ICI regimens (k = 11, n = 4791; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
This study is among the first to quantitatively summarize QOL in patients treated with ICIs. Findings suggest ICI recipients report no change in global QOL and higher QOL than patients treated with non-ICI regimens.