bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What role conceptions do multi-healthcare professionals have of physicians and what role expectation do they have of physicians in a community?
Authors: Haruta Junji , Goto Ryohei , Ozone Sachiko , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
To create an effective community-based integrated care system, interprofessional collaboration based on healthcare professionals’ mutual understanding of their respective roles must be promoted. This study aimed to identify the role conception and role expectation that other healthcare professionals have towards physicians in the context of a community-based integrated care system.

Methods
We organized focus groups and adopted ‘Role Theory’ as a theoretical framework. We collected data from healthcare professionals attending a conference on community-based integrated care systems in Japan. Fifty-four non-physician healthcare professionals consented to participate in 7 focus groups. Theme analysis based on the verbatim recorded transcripts was conducted in accordance with the framework of “Role Theory”.

Results
The role conception of physicians is as a figure of intellectual authority positioned at the top of a traditional hierarchy, with a personal character of criticism/autonomy/closedness, not accommodative of interference from others, and upholding the Biomedical Model as an absolute standard. In response to this, the role expectation of physicians in the community is that they undertake actions that only physicians can undertake to ensure that a flat organization functions properly in providing medical explanations during patient transitions, and to offer healthcare support for patients who are difficult to access. This role expectation also includes the perception of patients as human beings, with physicians adapting to the Bio-Psycho-Social Model, explaining to patients about their disease as an authoritative voice based on an understanding of psychosocial circumstances, and sharing the prognosis of disease or disability. The expected personal character is a person with an open mind who allows others to seek advice, as well as a sense of approachableness which facilitates such seeking of advice.

Conclusion
In the context of a community-based integrated care system, physicians should consider the understanding of their role conception and role expectation that other professionals have of them, and endeavor to create an open relationship with all healthcare professionals while giving careful consideration to their own role.
HLA alleles associated with asparaginase hypersensitivity in Chinese children
Authors: Chua Gilbert T. , Rosa Duque Jaime S. , Cheuk Daniel Ka Leung , Leung Alex Wing Kwan , Wong Wilfred Hing Sang , Liu Anthony Pak Yin , Lee Pamela P. W. , Ha Shau Yin , Chiang Alan Kwok Shing , Ho Marco Hok Kung , Chu Wai Keung , Chan Yuk Sing , Luk Chun Wing , Ling Alvin Siu Cheung , Kwan Mike Yat Wah , Yiu Oscar Kuen Fong , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Lau Yu Lung , Li Chi Kong , Leung Wing Hang , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung , Ip Patrick , Kwok Janette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAsparaginase is an important drug to treat childhood haematological malignancies.
Data on the association between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and asparaginase hypersensitivity among Chinese are lacking. We conducted a retrospective study to identify HLA alleles associated with asparaginase hypersensitivity among Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), mixed phenotype leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), who received asparaginases with HLA typing performed between 2009 and 2019. 107 Chinese patients were analysed. 66.3% (71/107) developed hypersensitivity to at least one of the asparaginases. HLA-B*46:01 (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–10.1, p < 0.01) and DRB1*09:01 (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.6–11.4, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with l-asparaginase hypersensitivities, which remained significant after adjustment for age, gender and B cell ALL [HLA-B*46:01 (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% 1.3–10.5, p = 0.02) and DRB1*09:01 (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6–13.3, p < 0.01)].
Translation and cultural validation of the University of Washington Caregiver Stress and Benefit Scales
Authors: Amtmann Dagmar , Bamer Alyssa M. , Salem Rana , Gammaitoni Arnold R. , Galer Bradley S. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
English versions of the University of Washington Caregiver Stress (UW-CSS) and Benefit (UW-CBS) Scales were developed in the United States (US) to measure impact on caregivers of caring for a child/children. Caregiving stress and benefit are important constructs to study worldwide. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the UW-CSS and UW-CBS into French, German, Italian, and Spanish languages.

Method
UW-CSS and UW-CBS were translated using forward and backward translation with reconciliation. Cognitive interviews (CIs) were completed with caregivers of children < 18 years with severe epilepsy. Translated versions were also administered to at least 100 caregivers in each of the four countries: France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses were used to assess linguistic and cultural bias by country. The US development sample of 722 caregivers was used as a comparison sample for DIF analyses. DIF adjusted scores were calculated to determine impact of DIF on the item response theory (IRT)-based T-score. Benefit and stress scores were also calculated and compared across countries and health condition subgroups. Finally, short forms were modified to minimize the impact of DIF on the UW-CSS and UW-CBS T-scores and to reflect feedback from CIs.

Results
Interviews were completed with 47 caregivers (German n = 14; Spanish n = 10; French n = 13; Italian n = 10). UW-CSS and UW-CBS were administered to 456 (German n = 117, Spanish n = 114, French n = 115, Italian n = 110) caregivers of children with and without health conditions. All stress items functioned well in CIs, though results indicated statistically significant DIF for three items in multiple countries and in the overall sample. Four of the 13 benefit items were problematic based on CI feedback, and six items showed DIF in one or more countries or in the combined sample. However, average differences between DIF adjusted and non-adjusted scores were minimal for both scales and all comparisons, indicating the impact of DIF on the total score was negligible.

Conclusion
Modified short forms functioned well in all four of the translated versions. All language versions are freely publicly available.
Prevalence and predictors of heart failure among patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bramania Puneet Kishore , Ruggajo Paschal Joseph , Furia Francis Fredrick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Heart failure among patients on hemodialysis therapy portends poor outcomes. Traditional risk factors like aging, hypertension and diabetes mellitus are relatively common in these patients and may not accurately predict the occurrence of heart failure. Such patients may have other factors that contribute to heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of heart failure among patients on maintenance hemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Results
Among 160 patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 49 (30.6%) were female. The mean age of patients was 52.2 ± 13.3 years. Almost all patients had hypertension and 69 (43.1%) had diabetes mellitus. Heart failure was prevalent in 17 (10.6%) patients. On multivariate analysis, presence of angina, intradialytic hypertension, and anemia were independent predictors of heart failure. Patients with heart failure had significantly higher malnutrition inflammation scores and erythropoietin resistance indexes.

Conclusions
Heart failure among hemodialysis patients correlates with the presence of angina, intradialytic hypertension, and anemia. Patients with heart failure had a greater degree of malnutrition–inflammation complex, and erythropoietin resistance. Patients with these conditions require a thorough cardiac evaluation and appropriate treatment.
Integrated Analysis of the Pancreas and Islets Reveals Unexpected Findings in Human Male With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Haliyur Rachana , Walker John T , Sanyoura May , Reihsmann Conrad V , Shrestha Shristi , Aramandla Radhika , Poffenberger Greg , Ramirez Andrea H , Redick Sambra D , Babon Jenny Aurielle B , Prasad Nripesh , Hegele Robert A , Kent Sally C , Harlan David M , Bottino Rita , Philipson Louis H , Brissova Marcela , Powers Alvin C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Clinical and pathologic heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes is increasingly being recognized. Findings in the islets and pancreas of a 22-year-old male with 8 years of type 1 diabetes were discordant with expected results and clinical history (islet autoantibodies negative, hemoglobin A1c 11.9%) and led to comprehensive investigation to define the functional, molecular, genetic, and architectural features of the islets and pancreas to understand the cause of the donor’s diabetes. Examination of the donor’s pancreatic tissue found substantial but reduced β-cell mass with some islets devoid of β cells (29.3% of 311 islets) while other islets had many β cells. Surprisingly, isolated islets from the donor pancreas had substantial insulin secretion, which is uncommon for type 1 diabetes of this duration. Targeted and whole-genome sequencing and analysis did not uncover monogenic causes of diabetes but did identify high-risk human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and a genetic risk score suggestive of type 1 diabetes. Further review of pancreatic tissue found islet inflammation and some previously described α-cell molecular features seen in type 1 diabetes. By integrating analysis of isolated islets, histological evaluation of the pancreas, and genetic information, we concluded that the donor’s clinical insulin deficiency was most likely the result autoimmune-mediated β-cell loss but that the constellation of findings was not typical for type 1 diabetes. This report highlights the pathologic and functional heterogeneity that can be present in type 1 diabetes.
AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF THE CARDIAC OUTPUT IN BASIC POSE CONDITIONS (STANDING/LYING)
Authors: Dilenyan Levon R. , Bocharin Ivan V. , Zaripova Alena V. , Martusevich Andrew K. 
Published: October 2021

The aim of the work was to show the dynamics of cardiac output (CO) in standing and lying positions in postnatal ontogenesis.
Material and methods. The data were obtained on the basis of an observational study in 1944 people (1308 men and 636 women). The following age groups were: up to 8 years (n=55), 9-14 years (n=68), 15-21 years (n=226), 22-35 years (n=326), 36-55 years for women and 36-60 years for men (n=658), up to 70 years (n=413) and over 70 years (n=198). The study was performed standing up and after 15-20 minutes in the supine position on the complex of the expert diagnostic system “ANTHROPOS-CAVASCREEN” based on rheography.
Results. Our data justify the identification of the type of dynamic organization of blood circulation in humans by the anthropo-physiological ratio of CO in standing/lying positions. The transition to a hyperkinetic state in orthostatics is a manifestation of adaptation to the gravitational (hydrostatic) factor of blood circulation to ensure the circulatory state of the cardiovascular system in the most constant and relevant for human life conditions of upright walking. The obvious direction of such adaptation is the centralization of blood circulation in the standing position and the formation of a hyperkinetic state of the pumping function of the heart. This orientation reflects the strained state of the cardiovascular system in the anti-gravity support mode, which not only limits the functional reserve for cardiac output in the standing position, but also clearly associated with the growth of both problematic circulatory conditions and nosological states formed on this basis.
The Ratio of the Extraversion and Fluid Intelligence Levels as a Predictor of the Operators’ Successful Professional Activity
Authors: Kosenkov A. 
Published: November 2021

Results: To study the relationship between the ratio of the extraversion and fluid intelligence levels with the success of the professional activity of the nuclear power plants (NPP) operators.
Material and methods: This paper analyzes the results of psychodiagnostic examinations of operators of main control rooms of NPPs that functioned under normal conditions. All individuals were administered the J. Raven's “Progressive matrices”, the Russian language adaptation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF, form A). Cross-peer review using the ranking method identified 5 groups of operators with different levels of professional success (from markedly reduced to high).
Results: Using factor analysis, the dimension of the data matrix obtained during the surveys was reduced. Correlation analysis showed that out of 9 identified factors, only 2 had a statistically significant correlation with the success of professional activity, namely, the factors of extraversion (negative relationship) and intelligence (positive relationship). Based on these two factors, an automatic classification of operators was carried out using cluster analysis, as a result of which 5 classes of operators were identified. It was shown that classes A and B with a predominance of the extraversion factor included mainly (79 %) operators with a level of professional success below average. On the contrary, classes C, D and E with a predominance of the intelligence factor consisted mainly (81 %) of operators with average and above average levels of professional success. It is noteworthy that the average value of intelligence factor in one of the classes consisting of operators, advantageously with lower professional success rate (class B) was the same or even 10 T-scores higher in comparison with the classes represented mainly by operators whose success rate was assessed from medium to high.
Conclusion: Factors of extraversion and intelligence are associated with the quality of performance of professional duties by the NPP control room operators under normal operating conditions. At the same time, the success of their professional activity depends not so much on the quantitative values for these factors, but on their ratio, namely: the predominance of the intelligence factor is prognostically favorable.
Search of Predictors of Radiosensitivity in Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Vologirova M. , Volchenko N. , Zamulaeva I. , Droshneva I. , Boyko A. , Sidorov D. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To analyze a number of immunohistochemical markers as predictors of the radiosensitivity of rectal adenocarcinoma.
Material and methods: The study included 122 patients with histologically verified rectal adenocarcinoma, varying degrees of differentiation, and the stage of the tumor process I-IIIC, T2-T4b /N0-N2b/ M0, with the localization of the tumor in the lower-middle-ampullary parts of the rectum. Predictors included in the research: Ki67, p53, EGFR, Bcl2, COX2, P21, E-cadherin. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy was performed up to 48–50 Gy with the use of medications (5-FU, Cisplatin) as a radio modifiers. The analysis was carried out according to the degree of severity of therapeutic pathomorphosis (according to Mandard), a decrease in the stage before surgery.
Results: A full course of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery was performed at 121 patients, one patient died of concomitant cardiac pathology during the break. The first degree of Mandard pathomorphosis (complete resorption) registered at 12 patients. The second degree (preservation of a few tumor cells against the background of fibrotic changes) – at 27 patients. The third degree (a large number of preserved tumor cells against the background of the predominance of fibrosis) – at 38 patients. The fourth degree (tumor cells predominate over fibrotic changes) – at 27 patients. The fifth degree (complete absence of signs of tumor regression, absence of fibrosis) – at 2 patients. A decrease in the stage of the tumor process according to the preoperative comprehensive examination registered in 114 (94.2%) patients, in 9 (7.4%) patients – there was no dynamics. During the observation period from 2006 until nowadays, 10 people are known to have died. Years in remission range from 3 months to 22 years. According to the results of multivariate and multiple regression analyses, it is possible to successfully predict the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy, both with the use of biomarkers (Ki67, p53, EGFR, Bcl2, COX2, P21, E-cadherin), and traditional indicators (histological type, stage of the disease, gender, degree of differentiation). It turned out, that both traditional indicators and immunohistochemical indicators work equally well, regardless of each other.
Conclusion: Studied immunohistochemical predictors of radiosensitivity of rectal adenocarcinoma, allow to assess the degree of radiosensitivity or radioresistance of the tumor in each patient before the start of preoperative chemoradiotherapy by doing so, it warns us about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of chemoradiotherapy in a specific clinical situation, which allows us to individualize the approach to treatment, choosing a more suitable treatment method for the patient: neoadjuvant chemotherapy or surgery.
Combination therapy with injectable platelet-rich fibrin and microneedling for male androgenetic alopecia: an evaluation of current practice
Authors: Millar-Hume Lucy 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Within the past 20 years, significant advances have taken place within the realm of aesthetic medicine to manage hair loss. Several human blood preparations have been found to contain regenerative properties suitable for hair rejuvenation and, subsequently, have emerged onto the market. An advanced and liquid version of platelet-rich fibrin, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) is one such product. This article evaluates the combination of iPRF with microneedling (MN) for the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) compared to other therapies. To knowledge, it is the first evaluation of its kind. Methods and materials: Secondary research was conducted via EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to explore a preferred blood preparation and combination treatment using MN. Results and discussion: Secondary research shows that there is more in-depth evidence that suggests platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the preferred blood preparation for treating male AGA at present. However, studies show that iPRF has greater regenerative potential. More research currently exists to suggest that MN in combination with minoxidil (MX) therapy is preferred over iPRF combined with MN alone. No validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) currently exist for male AGA, although PROMs do exist for facial aesthetic treatments and alopecia areata. Conclusions: Studies show that iPRF combined with MN is a safe and effective option for the treatment of male AGA, but comparison studies against other combinations are lacking. Other monotherapy and combination methods are generally more evidenced. The secondary research also found that no specific PROM tool for measuring male AGA exists. Unless a specific PROM is developed and validated for male AGA, challenges around treatment comparison will continue to limit evidence.
The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave in Europe 2020: A systematic review
Authors: Vaselli Natasha Marcella , Hungerford Daniel , Shenton Ben , Khashkhusha Arwa , Cunliffe Nigel A. , French Neil 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundA year following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, new infections and deaths continue to increase in Europe. Serological studies, through providing evidence of past infection, can aid understanding of the population dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ObjectivesThis systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in Europe was undertaken to inform public health strategies including vaccination, that aim to accelerate population immunity.MethodsWe searched the databases Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and grey literature sources for studies reporting seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Europe published between 01/12/2019–30/09/20. We provide a narrative synthesis of included studies. Studies were categorized into subgroups including healthcare workers (HCWs), community, outbreaks, pregnancy and children/school. Due to heterogeneity in other subgroups, we only performed a random effects meta-analysis of the seroprevalence amongst HCWs stratified by their country.Results115 studies were included spanning 17 European countries, that estimated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 from samples obtained between November 2019 –August 2020. A total of 54/115 studies included HCWs with a reported seroprevalence among HCWs ranging from 0.7% to 45.3%, which did not differ significantly by country. In community studies significant heterogeneity was reported in the seroprevalence between different age groups and the majority of studies reported there was no significant difference by gender.ConclusionThis review demonstrates a wide heterogeneity in reported seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between populations. Continued evaluation of seroprevalence is required to understand the impact of public health measures and inform interventions including vaccination programmes.
IMPACTO DO ENFORCEMENT LEGAL E DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NO DESEMPENHO EMPRESARIAL
Authors: De Luca Vanessa Mendes , Góis Alan Diógenes , De Luca Márcia Martins Mendes , Medeiros Jislene Trindade 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o enforcement legal e a governança corporativa. Adicionalmente, analisa-se o efeito da governança corporativa e do enforcement legal no desempenho empresarial.
Método: A amostra é composta por 4.447 empresas de capital aberto (24.025 observações) de 61 países, cujos dados, referentes ao período de 2010 a 2018, estão registrados na Thomson Reuters Eikon e no World Bank. Além da estatística descritiva e da análise de correlação, fez-se uso da técnica de regressão com dados em painel para analisar o efeito da governança corporativa e do enforcement legal no desempenho empresarial.
Resultados/Discussão: Os resultados mostraram que há uma relação positiva entre governança corporativa e desempenho empresarial e é maior em países de maior enforcement legal, indicando que as empresas sediadas em países de forte enforcement legal adotam melhores práticas de governança corporativa; e que aspectos de governança corporativa e nacional são relevantes para um melhor desempenho das empresas.
Contribuições: O artigo contribui com a literatura ao considerar a relevância do tema enforcement legal para a governança corporativa trazendo evidências de que ao adotar estratégias para melhorar a governança corporativa, os gestores e formuladores de políticas devem considerar o impacto do enforcement legal, visto que a adoção de um mecanismo de governança pode não ter efetividade em um ambiente onde a observância da legislação é considerada fraca.