bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRADEing the quality of evidence on safety: an adapted GRADE approach for preparing lists of potentially inappropriate medication for older adults
Authors: Mathes Tim , Mann Nina-Kristin , Thürmann Petra , Sönnichsen Andreas , Pieper Dawid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSystematic reviews that synthesize safety outcomes pose challenges (e.g. rare events), which poses questions for grading the strength of the body of evidence. In this contribution, we suggest adaption of the GRADE system for grading the quality of evidence on safety outcomes for developing a potentially inappropriate medication list (PRISCUS).MethodsWe systematically assessed each of the five GRADE domains for rating-down (study limitations, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias) and the criteria for rating-up, considering if special considerations or revisions of the original approach were indicated. The result was gathered in a written document and discussed in a group-meeting. Subsequently, we performed a proof-of-concept application using a convenience sample of systematic reviews. Results We adapted aspects of the criteria study limitations, imprecision, publication bias and rating-up for large effect. In addition, we suggest a new criterion to account for data from subgroup-analyses. The proof-of-concept application did not reveal a need for further revision and thus we used the approach for the systematic reviews that were prepared for the PRISCUS-list. We assessed 51 outcomes for 19 clinical questions. Each of the proposed adaptions was applied. There were neither an excessive number of low and very low ratings, nor an excessive number of high ratings, but the different methodological quality of the safety outcomes appeared to be well reflected.ConclusionThe adaptions appear to have the potential to overcome some of the challenges when grading the methodological quality of harms and thus may be helpful for producers of evidence syntheses considering safety.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze Var. Niaowangensis Q. H. Chen Leaves Under Cold Stress
Authors: Wang Ying , Wan Cheng , Li Leijia , Xiang Zhun , Wang Jihong , Li Yan , Zhao Degang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fine varieties of the Yunwu Tribute Tea (Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze var. niaowangensis Q. H. Chen) are distributed on the Yunwu Mountain, Guiding County, Guizhou province, China. Cold stress usually occurs in winter and is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting the growth of this plant as well as its geographical distribution. However, only few systematic studies have examined the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance in the Yunwu Tribute Tea. Hence, in this study, Illumina HiSeq technology was applied to investigate the cold-tolerance mechanism and for this purpose, cDNA libraries were obtained from two groups of samples namely, the cold-treated group (DW) and the control group (CK). A total of 185,973 unigenes were produced from 511,987 assembled transcripts and among these, 16,020 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (corrected p-value <0.01, |log2(fold change)| >3), including 9,606 upregulated and 6,414 downregulated genes, were obtained. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme system, plant hormone signal transduction, proline metabolism, tyrosine metabolism pathway, and transcription factors were analyzed and based on the results, a series of candidate genes related to cold stress were screened out and discussed. The physiological indexes related to the low temperature response were tested, along with five DEGs which were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. For this study, it is expected that the results of the transcriptome sequence of Yunwu Tribute Tea will provide valuable clues for genetic studies while helping to screen candidate genes for cold-resistance breeding in tea plants.
Audiovisual Teleconsultation For Patients With Epilepsy In Primary Care In Rural Germany: A Pilot Study On Feasibility And Acceptance
Authors: Feldmeier Gregor , Löffler Christin , Altiner Attila , Wollny Anja , von Podewils Felix , Ritzke Manuela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In rural areas, epilepsy patients have limited access to specialised care. They usually have to put up with travel and waiting times of several hours. In addition, often the communication between general practitioners (GP) and specialized epileptologists about diagnosis and treatment is complicated by the high workload on both sides and the different prioritization of treatment goals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an interprofessional audio-visual patient-doctor teleconsultation and its acceptance in clinical practice in patients with epilepsy in a rural region in Germany.Method: Ten patients participated in telemedicine consultations in their GP practice. The practice was located in a sparsely populated region of Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania and equipped with technical equipment specifically procured for project-related purposes. An explorative qualitative interview was conducted with all participants. We based this paper on the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). Results: Despite initial uncertainties on the part of the patients regarding the consultation setting, all participants found the teleconsultation helpful. Some patients were initially intimidated and felt slightly overwhelmed by the attention provided and the technology used (multiple HD cameras, large high-resolution screens). However, during the consultation they felt supported by their GP and were satisfied that their needs were addressed in a satisfactory and timely manner. The hardware used was not felt to be a nuisance or to interfere with the conversation between doctor and patient. Patients also appreciated the time saved and the organisational convenience compared to a visit to a university outpatient clinic. Most consultations led to therapeutic consequences. Some patients seemed to benefit particularly, e.g. those who needed a change in their medication. Conclusion: This pilot study provides first evidence that teleconsultations between patients, specialists and GPs are possible in rural areas. Interprofessional collaboration between GPs and epileptologists can improve the care of patients with epilepsy. Further research should investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of interprofessional telemedicine consultations for epilepsy and other conditions.
A Novel Live Imaging-Based Assay for Visualising Species-Specific Interactions in Gametic Adhesion Molecules
Authors: Nakajima Kohdai P. , Valansi Clari , Kurihara Daisuke , Sasaki Narie , Podbilewicz Benjamin , Higashiyama Tetsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Successful gametic fusion requires species-specific membrane adhesion. However, the interaction of adhesion molecules in gametes is difficult to study in real time through low-throughput microscopic observation. Therefore, we developed a novel live imaging-based adhesion molecule (LIAM) assay to study gametic adhesion molecule interactions in cultured cells. First, we modified a fusion assay previously established for fusogens introduced into cultured cells, and confirmed that our live imaging technique could visualise cell-to-cell fusion in the modified fusion assay. Next, instead of fusogen, we introduced adhesion molecules including a mammalian gametic adhesion molecule pair, IZUMO and JUNO, and detected their temporal accumulation at the contact interfaces of adjacent cells. Accumulated IZUMO or JUNO was translocated to the opposite cells; the mutation in amino acids required for their interaction impaired accumulation and translocation. By using the novel LIAM assay, we investigated the species specificity of IZUMO and JUNO of mouse, human, hamster, and pig in all combinations. IZUMO and JUNO accumulation and translocation were observed in conspecific, and some interspecific, combinations, suggesting potentially interchangeable combinations of IZUMO and JUNO from different species.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Year-Round Fruiting Jackfruit Variety Reveals Very High Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Inter-Genic Regions
Authors: Islam Tofazzal , Afroz Nadia , Koh ChuShin , Haque M. Nazmul , Rahman Md. Jillur , Gupta Dipali Rani , Mahmud Nur Uddin , Nahid Abdullah Al , Islam Rashedul , Bhowmik Pankaj K. , Sharpe Andrew G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a tropical and sub-tropical fruit tree distributed in Asia, Africa, and South America. It is the national fruit of Bangladesh and produces fruit in the summer season only. However, a year-round jackfruit variety, BARI Kanthal-3 developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) provides fruits from September to June. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of BARI Kanthal-3 and to generate a draft whole genome sequence to obtain molecular insights of this important unique variety.
Results
Number of fruits, average each fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, edible portion in fruit and ß carotene content of BARI Kanthal-3 (n = 5) were 422/plant/year, 5.60 kg, 236.32 kg/year, 53.5% and 3614 mg/100g, respectively. During de novo assembly, 817.7 Mb of the BARI Kanthal-3 genome was scaffolded. However, in the reference-guided genome assembly, almost 843 Mb of the BARI Kanthal-3 genome was scaffolded. Through BUSCO assessment, 97.2% of the core genes were represented in the assembly with 1.3% and 1.5% either fragmented or missing, respectively. By comparing the single copy orthologues (SCOs) in three closely and one distantly related species of BARI Kanthal-3, 706 SCOs were found to be shared across the genomes of the five species. The phylogenetic analysis of the shared SCOs showed that A. heterophyllus is the closest species to BARI Kantal-3. The estimated genome size of BARI Kanthal-3 was 1.04 giga base pairs (Gbp) with a heterozygosity rate of 1.62%. The estimated GC content was 34.10%. Variant analysis revealed that BARI Kanthal-3 includes 5.7 M (35%) and 10.4 M (65%) simple and heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and about 90% of all these polymorphisms are located in inter-genic regions.
Conclusion
The whole-genome sequence of A. heterophyllus cv. BARI Kanthal-3 reveals extremely high single nucleotide polymorphisms in inter-genic regions. The findings of this study will help better understanding the evolution, domestication, phylogenetic relationships, year-round fruiting and the markers development for molecular breeding of this highly nutritious fruit crop.
Sequential Four-Component Synthesis And Antitumor Activity Screening of Spiro[chromene-indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline] And Spiro[indolo[2,1-b]Quinazoline-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene]
Authors: Sadeghian Zahra , Bayat Mohammad , Safari Fatemeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most common types of treatment among cancer patients and by using potent chemicals and agents, tumor promotion was inhibited. Despite the usage of many chemical agents in cancer therapy, cancer is still incurable. It seems that the synthesis of new compounds with high efficiency on cancer cells and low side effects on normal cells will remain a critical challenge among researchers in this area. In the present work, a fast and straightforward process for the transformations involving tryptanthrins, malononitrile, some types of CH-acids such as 1,3-cyclohexanedione, dimedone, and 4-hydroxycumarin resulting in preparing spiro[chromene-indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline] and spiro[indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene] derivatives through sequential Knoevenagel/Michael/intramolecular cyclization sequences was reported. at room temperature. This protocol benefits some notable advantages including short reaction time, mild reaction condition, and simple purification, which make it interesting. Furthermore, it was carried out at room temperature, so it is according to green chemistry procedures. Also, antitumor screening of our new synthetic compounds (4a-i) was evaluated on pancreatic cancer cells (Panc1), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), prostate cancer cells (PC3), and normal human adult dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) by using MTT assay using etoposide as a positive control. We found that 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of our synthetic compounds were not lower than etoposide against three cancer cell lines.
Using the Asymmetric Gaussian Method to Interpret the Electronic Spectroscopy of the Olivine Family
Authors: Brown Adrian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the mathematical aspects of band fitting and introduces the Asymmetric Gaussian curve and its tangent space for the first time. First, we derive an equation for an Asymmetric Gaussian shape. We then derive a rule for the resolution of two Gaussian shaped bands. We then use the Asymmetrical Gaussian equation to derive a Master Equation to fit two overlapping bands. We identify regions of the fitting space where the Asymmetric Gaussian fit is optimal, sub optimal and not optimal. We then demonstrate the use of the Asymmetric Gaussian curve to fit four overlapping Gaussian bands, and show how this is relevant to the olivine family spectral complex at 1 μm. We develop a modified model of the olivine family spectral complex based on previous work by Runciman and Burns. The limitations of the asymmetric band fitting method and a critical assessment of three commonly used numerical minimization methods are also provided.
Complex Function Solution for Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Inclined Coal Seam Roadway
Authors: Xiong Xianyu , Dai Jun , chen Xinnian , Ouyang Yibo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The stressed environment of the inclined coal seam roadway is complex and changeable, and the damage degree of surrounding rock increases, threatening the safe mining of coal mines. To improve the effectiveness of stability control of surrounding rock of this kind of roadway, the deformation and failure law of the inclined coal seam roadway is analyzed based on the complex function theory. It optimizes the solution process and accuracy of the mapping function coefficient and deduces the analytical solution of surrounding rock stress and deformation inclined coal seam roadway. The deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock in inclined coal seam roadway is revealed theoretically and verified by numerical simulation and physical simulation test. The results show that the stress and deformation of roadway surrounding rock in inclined coal seam show obvious asymmetric distribution characteristics. The stress and deformation of roadway surrounding rock on the right side are greater than on the left side. The two sides of the roadway, the right side of the roof and the roof angle of the right side, are the key positions of roadway stress concentration and deformation. According to the variation law of stress and deformation distribution of roadway surrounding rock, roadway cyclic deformation and failure theory is put forward. The numerical simulation and physical simulation test show that the deformation and failure law of roadway is consistent with the theoretical analysis results, and the cyclic deformation and failure mechanism of roadway in inclined coal seam is verified.
Adaptive Honeycomb Based on Additive Manufacturing: Research on Rapid Generation Algorithm, Manufacturing Process, and Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Qian Bo , Fan Hongri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and complex process in the current generation algorithm and process verification of hexagonal honeycomb structures for complex spatial shapes and arbitrarily curved surfaces, this paper proposes an adaptive hexagonal grid calculation method based on the intracellular splitting iteration method for the first time. This method can better adapt to the complex spatial shape and arbitrary curved surface structure in the three-dimensional space, and it can also achieve the purpose of enhancing the mechanical performance while maintaining the lightweight structure. According to the principle of the above algorithm, different structural models including honeycomb cells are calculated and generated. 316L Stainless Steel material and Selective Laser Melting additive manufacturing processes are also used for printing actual samples. The printed samples are mechanically compressed. According to the results of the compression curve, the critical yield force of the honeycomb grid parts with iteration is higher than that of the homogeneous honeycomb grid parts, and the value is basically greater than 30%-40%. Finally, the energy absorption efficiency can be increased by more than 20% according to the compression characteristics of the adaptive iterative honeycomb analyzed.
Microvascular Decompression by Interposition Method for Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia Due to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Yu Feng , Yin Jia , Lu Pei-gang , Zhao Zhen-yu , Zhang Yong-qiang , Men Xue-zhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a rare disease that can be challenging to treat. The objectives of this study are to investigate the characteristics of patients with TN due to VBD and to analyze the efficacy of microvascular decompression (MVD) by the interposition method for treatment of the condition. From 2010 till 2020, the data of 30 patients with TN due to VBD who were treated with MVD by the interposition method were analyzed retrospectively. The characteristics of the patients were compared with those of patients with non-VBD TN (n = 815). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to determine pain-free survival. The 30 patients (21 males, 9 females; mean age, 63.03 years) accounted for 3.55% of all patients with TN during the study period. In 30 patients, the offending vessel was the basilar artery (BA) in 1 patient, the vertebral artery (VA) in 6 patients, the VA plus the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) in 6 patients, the VA plus the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 12 patients, and the VA+SCA+AICA in 5 patients. Compared to non-VBD TN patients, those with TN due to VBD were significantly more likely to be male, to have TN of the left side, and to have hypertension (all P < 0.001). Mean age at surgery (P = 0.057) and symptom duration (P = 0.308) were comparable between the two groups. All 30 patients had immediate relief of facial pain after MVD and could stop medication. There were no postoperative complications. Over mean follow-up of 76.67 months, 3 patients had recurrence. The mean duration of pain-free survival was 70.77 months. In conclusions, TN due to VBD appears to be more likely in males, in those with hypertension, and to involve the left side. The interposition method performed by experienced and skilled neurosurgeons is a safe and effective treatment for TN due to VBD. Further studies are needed to analyze the associated long-term results and the pain recurrence rate among this special population.
Development of Mechanical Soil Stability In An Initial Homogeneous Loam And Sand Under In-Situ Field Conditions
Authors: Rosskopf Ulla , UTEAU Daniel , PETH Stephan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
PurposeSoil structure evolving from physical and biological processes is closely related to soil mechanical characteristics and texture. A soil plot experiment in Bad Lauchstädt, Germany, allowed us to study the influence of substrate and genotype on the initial development of mechanical traits, differences between depths, and changes over the course of two years. MethodsPlots were homogeneously filled with a loam and a sand and planted with two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes (wild type (WT) and rth3 mutant) with contrasting root hair attributes. Undisturbed soil cores were taken in 2019 and 2020 at 14 and 34 cm depth. Confined uniaxial compression tests were performed to determine pre-compression stress (σpc), compressibility (Cc, Cs) and elasticity index (EI). Mechanical energy was calculated based on penetration resistance tests with a penetrometer needle resembling root geometries. Resultsσpc, Cc and Cs were significantly higher in loam as compared to sand, whereas the factor genotype proved to be negligible. Over time, σpc increased and Cc decreased in loam from 2019 to 2020 and Cs declined in both substrates. Higher mechanical energies were observed in loam and partially in WT. Required energy was higher at 14 cm than at 34 cm depth and decreased from 2019 to 2020 in sand. Airdry sand samples required four times as much energy than those at -50 kPa.ConclusionFor the development of the mechanical traits examined texture proved to be the dominating factor and changes in soil stability could be observed within a short period of time.
A Tribometric Device for the Rolling Contact of Soft Elastomers
Authors: Hoyer Brodie , Long Rong , Rentschler Mark E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rolling contact experimentation is a viable and instructive method for exploring the adhesive contact between surfaces. When applied to soft elastomeric or engineered surfaces, the results of such experiments can provide insights relevant to medical robotics, soft gripping applications, and reversible dry adhesives for bandages or wearable devices. We have designed and built a tribometric device to capture normal and tangential forces between a rolling indenter and substrate correlated with contact area imaging. The device was validated using an experimental setup involving a rigid, nominally smooth acrylic cylinder rolling against a flat polydimethylsiloxame (PDMS) substrate, the results of which matched favorably with accepted contact mechanics theories. The second test involved an indenter with a rigid core and thin (3 mm) smooth shell of a highly deformable, viscoelastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rolling on the same PDMS substrate. This test deviated significantly from analytical predictions, highlighting the effects of finite-thickness effects, viscoelasticity, and interfacial slip. This device will facilitate experimental investigations of the rolling contact mechanics between textured surfaces and soft tissue-like materials, which is an important fundamental problem in medical robotics.