bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the MCMSI for Online Educational Systems Using the Two-Factor Authentication
Authors: Ahmed Shaymaa Taha , Kadhim Qusay Kanaan , Alsultani Hamid Sadeq Mahdi , Abd almahdy Widyan Salman 
Published: July 2021

<p class="0abstract"> </p><p class="0abstract">This paper researches the evolution process of what is called two-factor authentication technique and its adaptation related to the educational system through the Internet. This technique is a measure of security employed, particularly in scopes which have valuable information like bank services. It witnesses developments so far as today, in parallel with the developments occurring in technology. Since this technique consists of two phases, the security is going to be developed. Today, bank services, devices using the Internet of things, tickets of public transportation and lots of other scopes are utilized. In the information field, the researchers and scientists always update the techniques of two-factor authentication to resist the attacks related to security. Last years, the researchers studied novel technologies like behavioral biometric or biometrics. The training through the Internet may become much more useful than going to someplace to study a specific course. Mostly, the participants in the trainings through the Internet get many certificates for success, participation, etc. The principal problem is how to certify the truthiness of the participant who desires to get the certification. In this paper, and by researching the techniques of two-factor authentication, the Mimic Control Method with Sound Intensity (MCMSI) is proposed to be used for the training through the Internet.</p>
Development of Strontium-Doped Nano Hydroxyapatite Dentifrice and Compare its Remineralising Potential with a Topical Cream Containing Casein Phosphopeptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Rajendran Ratheesh , Nair K Radhakrishnan , Sandhya Raghu , Krishnan Anandhu V. , Anilkumar Aadit , Rakhi PV 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
To develop and evaluate the efficacy of synthesised strontium-doped nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice and compare its remineralizing potential with a topical cream containing Casein Phospho Peptide – Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, in remineralizing artificial carious lesion on enamel.

Materials and Methods:
Enamel specimens of 4 × 4 × 1 mm were prepared from 90 freshly extracted teeth. Specimens were divided into 3 groups of 30 samples each, based on the type of dentifrice applied that is a control group (Group I) and two experimental groups (Groups II, III). Surface topography and the calcium/phosphorous ratio of all sound specimen were evaluated using Scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDAX). The samples in group I and each of the experimental groups were subjected to demineralisation and the calcium/phosphorous ratio of the demineralized specimen were analysed. The samples were then subjected to remineralisation using different agents in each group. Samples in the control group (Group I) were brushed with a conventional dentifrice. In the experimental groups, Group II topical cream with Casein Phosphopeptide and Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) was used and in Group III laboratory synthesized Strontium-doped nanohydroxyapatite paste (Sr-nHAP), respectively for 28 consecutive days. The samples in the both the control and the two experimental groups were again subjected to SEM-EDAX analysis to analyse the calcium phosphorus ratio following remineralisation cycle. Groupwise comparison of the data was done with one way ANOVA followed by Tukeys Post hoc Test.

Results:
Both experimental groups (II, III) showed statistically significant remineralisation potential after demineralisation, compared to the control group I. Intergroup comparison showed that the samples in Group III showed the higher remineralisation potential than Group II and was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Both CPP- ACP containing tooth cream as well as Sr doped nHAp showed remineralisation potential. Sr doped nanohydroxyapatite showed better remineralisation than CPP ACP and can be considered for enamel repair in incipient carious lesions.
Comparative Evaluation of Retreatability of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers and Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers in Curved Canals-An In-Vitro Micro-Ct Analysis
Authors: Mavishna MV , Venkatesh Kondas Vijay 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To compare and evaluate the retreatability of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers in curved canals using micro-CT scanning.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five maxillary molars with curved roots were selected after confirming with the Schneiders test. Teeth were decoronated near the cemento-enamel junction and moderate to severely curved canals were selected for the study using cone-beam computed tomography. All the samples were subjected to pre-operative micro-CT scanning. Cleaning and shaping were done using step-back preparation, obturation was done using lateral compaction technique, and homogeneous obturation was achieved. All the specimens were kept in 10 mL of phosphate buffered-saline solution at a pH of 8.4 for 48 h and transferred to a plastic container containing moistened foam with 10 mL of phosphate- buffered saline solution, and stored at 37 °C with 100% relative humidity for 4 months. Retreatment was performed for all the samples using Protaper universal retreatment files. Micro-CT scanning was performed to compare and evaluate the remaining sealer volume and resultant cracks formed in the root canal after retreatment.

Results:
The volume of sealer remaining in the root canal and the length of a crack within the groups were analysed using kruskal–Wallis test and among the groups using post-hoc scheffe test showed that more sealer present in the Diaproseal sealer followed by MTA Fillapex and Bioroot RCS and more crack length was seen in Diaproseal sealer followed by MTA Fillapex and no visible cracks were seen in Bioroot RCS, which had statistically significant results with a P value of < 0.05.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of the study it was concluded that in-terms of retrievability, Diaproseal sealer was the best among the tested groups followed by MTA Fillapex and Bioroot RCS.
Exploring the Perceptions, Attitude and Experiences of Adolescents, their Parents and Teachers towards Sugar Sweetened Beverages Consumption in the National Capital Region of Delhi
Authors: Mathur Manu Raj , George Matthew Sunil , Nagrath Deepti , Watt Richard G. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To understand perceptions, attitudes and experiences of school-going adolescents, their parents, teachers and school management towards sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs).

Design:
An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken.

Setting:
The study was conducted in selected, mixed, unaided schools in the state of Delhi.

Subjects:
Students of classes 8 to 12th, principals of schools, teachers, parents and school canteen owners.

Results:
SSBs formed an integral part of the diet of adolescents due to its taste and role as a thirst quencher. Respondents had a fair knowledge of health effects of SSBs. However, they were not aware of the range of drinks that constitute SSBs. Respondents associated SSBs with positivity and happiness. Promotion of SSBs by sports and film stars was cited as a major driver influencing consumption of SSBs by young people.

Conclusions:
SSBs were readily available even though schools had put in measures to restrict their availability in the premises. Peer pressure emerged as a key factor that drove the consumption of SSBs. Advertisements for SSBs involved individuals who were considered role models and these focused on themes that were important for young people such as belongingness, machismo and friendship among others. On the contrary, health promotion messages around obesity or the consumption of SSBs hardly had any brand ambassador or the visibility of campaigns that promoted SSBs.
Effects of Smoking on Oral Health
Authors: More Archana B. , Rodrigues Anisha , Sadhu Bhakti J. 
Published: July 2021

Context:
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable premature mortality in the world. Smoking is also detrimental to oral health, causing unaesthetic tooth staining, bad breath, periodontal diseases, impaired healing of wounds, increased risk of dental implant failure, precancerous conditions and oral cancer.

Aims:
To assess the awareness of the effects of smoking on oral health among smokers in Mangalore city and to assess the smoker's willingness to quit smoking.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Material and Methods:
Data was collected from 140 participants. A cross sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, awareness about the effects of smoking on oral health and their willingness to participate in smoking cessation programs and to quit smoking.

Results:
There was statistically significant difference found in the level of awareness of the smoking effects on oral cancer, on tooth staining and dental implants. However, it was observed that the upper socioeconomic class showed a comparatively higher level of awareness than the other classes. No significant differences were found in the level of awareness of the smoking effects on gum disease and on wound healing. One hundred and thirteen individual out of 140 expressed their willingness to quit smoking and also 78 respondents showed a positive attitude toward participation in cessation programs.

Conclusion:
Participants in this sample had some knowledge about the effects of smoking, but were not much aware of its effect on dental implants, requiring further education.
An In-Vivo Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis of Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Permanent Molars in an Indian Population
Authors: Pawar Ajinkya , Thakur Bhagyashree , Machado Ricardo , Kwak Sang W. , Kim Hyeon-Cheol 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The root and canal morphology of maxillary first permanent molars (MFPMs) is a very widely studied issue in endodontics. However, only one study has been conducted to date on this issue using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in India, and the sample consisted of extracted teeth.

Aim:
To investigate the root and canal morphology of MFPMs in an Indian population, by using CBCT.

Methods and Material:
487 bilateral MFPMs (974 teeth) were assessed and the root and canal morphology were determined according to Vertucci's classification. In addition, the prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal in the mesiobuccal root (MB2) was correlated with gender, age and arch side.

Results:
Three roots were most commonly found in the MFPMs regardless of gender (P > 0.05), but this prevalence varied according to the side of the dental arch (P < 0.05). MB2 was present in 77.5% of 3-rooted teeth. Patients above 60 years had a higher incidence of these canals (84.7%) (P < .05). The occurrence of bilateral MB2 was 71.8% in 3-rooted MFPMs. Gender had no significant impact on the occurrence of bilateral MB2 in 3-rooted MFPMs (P > .05). The most common canal configuration was type IV (46.5%) and I (98.9%) in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots, respectively (P < .05). The prevalence of MB2 in 3-rooted MFPMs was higher in patients above 60 years of age.

Conclusions:
The root and canal morphology of MFPMs in an Indian population may have significant variations depending on the dental arch side and patient age.
Osteotome-Mediated Sinus Floor Elevation using an In Situ Hardening Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitute Compared to Xenograft
Authors: Kakar Ashish , Sripathi Rao Bappanadu H. , Deshpande Nikhil , Hegde Shashikanth , Kohli Anil , Patney Aditya , Mahajan Harsh 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
To assess osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation (OMSFE) with simultaneous implant placement using an in situ hardening biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) compared to xenograft as a control.

Methods:
Patient in need for sinus floor augmentation in one or both sinuses were selected for this randomised controlled clinical trial. Sites presenting a residual sinus floor height of 3–6 mm and eligible for OMSFE were randomly assigned to receive either BCP (test) or xenograft particles (control). CBCT scans were performed before and at the time of implant loading (180 days). The difference in sinus floor height gain between the two groups was set as the primary endpoint parameter for equivalence testing. The implant insertion torque (ITV) was recorded and Implant stability quotients (ISQ) was assessed upon implant placement, abutment connection (160 days) and implant loading (180 days).

Results:
A total of 54 sinus lifts were performed in 42 patients including 12 bilateral cases. Four implants failed (two in each group) and a total of six patients were lost to follow-up. Statistical analysis of sinus floor height revealed no significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups at baseline nor at 180 days after augmentation. There was no statistical difference in sinus floor height gain between the two groups as supported by the 90% confidence intervals of the difference between groups. Good primary implant stability was confirmed in both treatment groups by ITV and ISQ measurements.

Conclusions:
Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that OMSFE using in situ hardening BCP particles results in equivalent sinus floor height gain than using xenograft particles but offers an easier application.
Evaluating the relationship between dosimetric parameters and esophagitis in patients who experienced radiotherapy in the cervicothoracic region
Authors: Siavashpour Zahra , Rabiee Nazanin , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Anvari Amir , Zayeri Farid 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
Prescribing radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation for cervicothoracic cancers inevitably leads to esophagitis. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the correlation between the dose–volume parameters and the esophagitis in patients who received radiotherapy in the cervicothoracic region.

Materials and Methods:
Forty cancerous patients whose radiotherapy fields were in the cervicothoracic region have been rolled. The correlation between the dosimetric and clinical factors with esophagitis was analyzed through binary logistic regression model and Pearson correlation tests and was quantified with receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results:
The patients participating in the study were selected from breast (6 cases), lymphoma (7 cases), and head-neck (27 cases) patients with prescription doses of 36–72 Gy. Increasing esophagus mean dose resulted in an increase of acute esophagitis significantly (P = 0.05). Furthermore, by one-gray increase in the esophagus median dose, the possibility of esophagitis increased by 9.3% (P = 0.02). To prevent acute esophagitis (Grade ≥2), D50 should be kept below 7 Gy. To limit acute esophagitis, V40 should be kept below 19% (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Based on the correlation analysis of the current study, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, DMean, D50, D80, and V40 are known as reliable predictive dosimetric parameters of acute esophagitis incidence in patients who experienced radiotherapy in the cervicothoracic region.
Understanding Health Care Brokering Among Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Ball James , Banas Jennifer , Bice Matthew 
Published: July 2021

Background: Health care brokering occurs when people with limited English proficiency rely on others to interpret health information. The purpose of this study was too describe what kinds of health brokering task individuals do, describe the emotional experience and academic impact of health brokering, and identify what kinds of support/services participants have access to or would want to have access to. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used to complete this study. Students and employees at a Midwestern university that is designated as a Hispanic Serving Institution were asked to complete a survey and participate in semi-structured interviews to get in-depth information about health care brokering. Results: The survey indicated the most common activities that health care brokers complete were looking up health information on the Internet and talking/translating to a doctor or nurse. Thee majority of participants had to miss class or work to complete health care brokering tasks and they reported feeling a mix of emotions while completing these tasks. The semi-structured interviews revealed four themes: lost opportunities, opportunity for personal growth, the stress of translation, and desired supports. Conclusion: The diversity of this country is unlikely to change and it is important for health promotion professionals to explore and implement strategies to help families’ complete health care brokering tasks. Providing health care information and terms in all languages at the doctor’s offi ce seems like an attainable first step.
INTOXICAÇÕES EXÓGENAS POR AGROTÓXICOS NO OESTE DO PARANÁ, BRASIL / EXOGENOUS INTOXICATIONS BY PESTICIDES IN THE WEST OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL
Authors: Gonsales Patrick Luiz Bola , Brocardo Carlos Rodrigo , Costa Giovanni de Oliveira Nagasawa , Ramiro Stefany Morais , Delariva Rosilene Luciana 
Published: July 2021

O Brasil lidera o ranking mundial de uso de agrotóxicos, consumindo cerca de um bilhão de litros por ano. Como uma das graves consequências do uso indiscriminado, ocorrem relevantes casos de intoxicações por esses contaminantes. Assim, pretendeu-se inventariar os grupos de agrotóxicos mais utilizados na agricultura da região Oeste do Paraná e analisar o número de intoxicações das populações humanas. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de bases de dados dos Sistemas de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, de Controle do Comércio e Uso de Agrotóxicos do Estado do Paraná e da Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano, no período de 2018 a 2019. Forte relação entre maior uso do solo agrícola com o número de casos de intoxicações foram registrados, sendo as principais causas ocorridas de forma acidental. Os agrotóxicos pesquisados corresponderam, principalmente, a herbicidas agrícolas, relacionados às extensas áreas agricultáveis na região. Os resultados apresentados abordam a problemática do uso intensivo de agrotóxicos e podem auxiliar em projetos de prevenção contra os casos de intoxicações na região, bem como em políticas de proteção aos recursos hídricos e segurança alimentar.
Direito humano ao desenvolvimento: considerações sobre miséria, pobreza e políticas públicas de erradicação
Authors: Quirino Júlia Sara Accioly 
Published: July 2021

RESUMO

O artigo traz a temática do Direito ao Desenvolvimento, aqui compreendido como projeto universal que se propõe à proteção dos indivíduos mediante a oferta de políticas públicas de asseguramento das condições básicas de existência digna. Nesse ínterim, o Direito ao Desenvolvimento aparece na dimensão internacional como direito humano inalienável, visando o desenvolvimento integral dos povos. Assim, resgataremos neste texto a trajetória histórica do Direito ao Desenvolvimento, sua dimensão ontológica e normativa, bem como seus objetivos, a partir da análise das normativas nacionais e internacionais que dão guarida a este direito, bem como dos movimentos de política nacional que buscaram implementar ações de empoderamento das populações vulnerabilizadas a partir dos anos de 1990.

Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento; Direitos Humanos; Políticas Públicas.

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the theme of the Right to Development, understood here as a universal project that proposes the protection of individuals by offering public policies to ensure the basic conditions of dignified existence. In the meantime, the Right to Development appears in the international dimension as an inalienable human right, aiming at the integral development of peoples. Thus, we will rescue in this text the historical trajectory of the Right to Development, its ontological and normative dimension, as well as its objectives, from the analysis of national and international norms that give shelter to this right, as well as the national policy movements that sought to implement actions to empower vulnerable populations from the 1990s onwards.

Keywords: Development; Human rights; Public policy.
Plasma elafin, cathelicidin, and α-defensins are
increased in paediatric inflammatory Crohn’s disease
and reflect disease location
Authors: Wędrychowicz Andrzej , Tomasik Przemysław , Kowalska-Duplaga Kinga , Pieczarkowski Stanisław , Fyderek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe aim of our study was to assess antimicrobial peptides in children with Crohn’s disease (CD).Material and methodsPlasma elafin, cathelicidin, alpha and beta-defensins were assessed in 35 children with CD using immunoassays. Phenotype and location of CD were assessed based on the results of endoscopic and radiology studies.ResultsWe found increased elafin, cathelicidin and alpha-defensins in children with inflammatory phenotype as compared to stricturising and penetrating phenotypes of CD. Additionally, we found increased elafin and cathelicidin in colonic location and alpha defensins in ileal CD locations.ConclusionsAssessing antimicrobial peptides may be helpful in estimating of phenotype and location of CD lesions.
A novel representation of biological nitrogen fixation and competitive dynamics between nitrogen-fixing and non-fixing plants in a land model (GFDL LM4.1-BNF)
Authors: Kou-Giesbrecht Sian , Malyshev Sergey , Martínez Cano Isabel , Pacala Stephen W. , Shevliakova Elena , Bytnerowicz Thomas A. , Menge Duncan N. L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Representing biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an important challenge for coupled carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) land models. Initial representations of BNF in land models applied simplified phenomenological relationships. More recent representations of BNF are mechanistic and include the dynamic response of symbiotic BNF to N limitation of plant growth. However, they generally do not include the competitive dynamics between N-fixing and non-fixing plants, which is a key ecological mechanism that determines ecosystem-scale symbiotic BNF. Furthermore, asymbiotic BNF is generally not included in land models. Here, we present LM4.1-BNF, a novel representation of BNF (asymbiotic and symbiotic) and an updated representation of N cycling in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Land Model 4.1 (LM4.1). LM4.1-BNF incorporates a mechanistic representation of asymbiotic BNF by soil microbes, a representation of the competitive dynamics between N-fixing and non-fixing plants, and distinct asymbiotic and symbiotic BNF temperature responses derived from corresponding observations. LM4.1-BNF makes reasonable estimations of major carbon (C) and N pools and fluxes and their temporal dynamics, in comparison to the previous version of LM4.1 with N cycling (LM3-SNAP) and to previous representations of BNF in land models generally (phenomenological representations and those without competitive dynamics between N-fixing and non-fixing plants and/or asymbiotic BNF) at a temperate forest site. LM4.1-BNF effectively reproduces asymbiotic BNF rate (13 kgNha-1yr-1) in comparison to observations (11 kgNha-1yr-1). LM4.1-BNF effectively reproduces the temporal dynamics of symbiotic BNF rate: LM4.1-BNF simulates a symbiotic BNF pulse in early succession that reaches 73 kgNha-1yr-1 at 15 years and then declines to ∼0 kgNha-1yr-1 at 300 years, similarly to observed symbiotic BNF, which reaches 75 kgNha-1yr-1 at 17 years and then declines to ∼0 kgNha-1yr-1 in late successional forests. As such, LM4.1-BNF can be applied to project the dynamic response of vegetation to N limitation of plant growth and the degree to which this will constrain the terrestrial C sink under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and other global change factors.