bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of double bonds and cyclic structure on the AP‐PECVD of low‐korganosilicon insulating layers
Authors: Abessolo Ondo Dominique , Loyer François , Boscher Nicolas D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe influence of the monomer's structure on the growth mechanisms and performances of low dielectric constant insulating thin films elaborated from the atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition reaction of three different tetrasiloxane compounds is elucidated. The presence of vinyl bonds enables free‐radical polymerisation and surface reaction pathways, which is strongly favoured from the combination of ultrashort plasma pulses (ca. 100 ns), as polymerisation initiator, with long plasma off‐times (10 ms) to yield the formation of atomically smooth thin films with excellent insulating properties (in the range of 10−7 A·cm−2).
Agreement and reliability of repeated bedside respiratory muscle strength measurements in acute and subacute stroke
Authors: Lewko Agnieszka , Sidaway Marta , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Krawczyk Maciej 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeMany stroke trials include maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) outcome measurements. However, data on agreement and reliability of repeated MIP, MEP, and SNIP measurements in acute and subacute stroke patients are scarce.MethodsThis study employed a test–retest design. Eighteen patients (seven female) with mean (SD) age 59 (14.5) years were recruited from neurological wards. Median (range) time since first stroke was 50.5 (21–128) days. MIP, MEP, and SNIP were measured repeatedly in three testing sessions (S1–3) conducted within 24 h and following international standards. Intra‐rater agreement between testing sessions was analyzed using the Bland–Altman method. Test–retest reliability was analyzed using intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Association between individual measurement variability, time poststroke, and level of stroke impairment was analyzed using Spearman's rho.ResultsMean difference and 95% limits of agreement for MIP were −0.40 (−23.02, 22.22) cmH2O between S1 and S2, and 2.14 (−12.79, 16.99) cmH2O between S2 and S3; for MEP, −4.56 (−29.01, 19.90) cmH2O between S1 and S2, and 0.29 (−24.28, 24.87) cmH2O between S2 and S3; and for SNIP, −10.56 (−38.48, 17.37) cmH2O between S1 and S2, and −6.06 (−27.32, 15.20) cmH2O between S2 and S3. ICCs for MIP, MEP, and SNIP were ≥0.9 throughout. There were no strong correlations between individual measurement variability and time poststroke or level of stroke impairment.DiscussionMIP, MEP, and SNIP in acute and subacute stroke patients show good test–retest reliability for group averages; however, absolute agreement can vary considerably for some individuals.
Water‐Induced Formation of Ni2P–Ni12P5 Interfaces with Superior Electrocatalytic Activity toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhongke , Wang Shengyan , Ma Lixia , Guo Yingjie , Sun Jie , Zhang Nan , Jiang Ruibin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interface between two material phases typically exhibits unique electronic states distinct from their pure phases, thus, providing a very promising channel to construct catalysts with excellent activity and stability. Here, water‐induced formation of Ni2P–Ni12P5 through a one‐step phosphorization of nickel foam (NF) is demonstrated for the first time. The abundant interfaces endow Ni2P–Ni12P5/NF with excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in alkaline condition, with an overpotential of 76 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and of 147 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of 68.0 mV dec−1. The Ni2P–Ni12P5/NF also exhibits better durability than Pt/C/NF during HER at relatively large overpotential. Density functional theory calculations show that the electronic states at the Ni2P–Ni12P5 interface are greatly altered, which enables optimal hydrogen adsorption, accelerates the charge transfer kinetics, and thus enhances the HER electrocatalytic activity. Superior overall water‐splitting performance is also obtained by combining Ni2P–Ni12P5/NF with NiFe–layered double hydroxide (LDH) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst. Overpotentials of the cell for achieving 10 mA cm−2 are only 324 mV. This work provides a facile method for the preparation of interfaces between different nickel phosphide polymorphs toward HER.
Heterostructure Engineering of Core‐Shelled Sb@Sb2O3 Encapsulated in 3D N‐Doped Carbon Hollow‐Spheres for Superior Sodium/Potassium Storage
Authors: Chen Bochao , Yang Lizhuang , Bai Xiangren , Wu Qingzhao , Liang Ming , Wang Yuxuan , Zhao Naiqin , Shi Chunsheng , Zhou Baozeng , He Chunnian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, the core‐shelled Sb@Sb2O3 heterostructure encapsulated in 3D N‐doped carbon hollow‐spheres is fabricated by spray‐drying combined with heat treatment. The novel core‐shelled heterostructures of Sb@Sb2O3 possess a mass of heterointerfaces, which formed spontaneously at the core‐shell contact via annealing oxidation and can promote the rapid Na+/K+ transfer. The density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism and significance of Na/K‐storage for the core‐shelled Sb@Sb2O3 heterostructure, which validated that the coupling between the high‐conductivity of Sb and the stability of Sb2O3 can relieve the shortcomings of the individual building blocks, thereby enhancing the Na/K‐storage capacity. Furthermore, the core‐shell structure embedded in the 3D carbon framework with robust structure can further increase the electrode mechanical strength and thus buffer the severe volume changes upon cycling. As a result, such composite architecture exhibited a high specific capacity of ≈573 mA h g−1 for sodium‐ion battery (SIB) anode and ≈474 mA h g−1 for potassium‐ion battery (PIB) anode at 100 mA g−1, and superior rate performance (302 mA h g−1 at 30 A g−1 for SIB anode, while 239 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 for PIB anode).
Use of autologous products for the treatment of joint and soft tissue disease in horses: A systematic review
Authors: Tomlinson Francesca , Terschuur Janine , Henson Frances 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Soft tissue injuries and joint disease are the predominate causes of lameness in the equine athlete and these pathologies carry a guarded prognosis for a return to previous performance. Recently the use of autologous products has become more widespread as a treatment in equine sports medicine. However, the efficacy of these products is yet to be fully established.Objective: To evaluate the current published evidence base regarding the efficacy of autologous products in soft tissue injuries and joint disease.Methods: A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases from 1980 to 2017. The search strategy identified 1594 papers for review.Results: Fifty‐eight papers were included in this review, 28 of which were randomised controlled trials. Significant benefit was reported under several parameters, most notably in the use of autologous chondrocytes in artificially induced cartilage defects on histology. One paper documented a significant clinical response under lameness examination.Conclusion: The current literature shows that the treatment of soft tissue injury and cartilage disease with autologous products is safe and that the use of some products can give significant benefit on some outcome measures. True clinical significance is yet to be demonstrated with any product.
The Epigenome in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Costantino Sarah , Paneni Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests the growing importance of “nongenetic factors” in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Indeed, the inherited genome determines only part of the risk profile as genomic approaches do not take into account additional layers of biological regulation by “epi”-genetic changes. Epigenetic modifications are defined as plastic chemical changes of DNA/histone complexes which critically affect gene activity without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNAs and have the ability to modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Notably, epigenetic signals are mainly induced by environmental factors (i.e., pollution, smoking, noise) and, once acquired, may be transmitted to the offspring. The inheritance of adverse epigenetic changes may lead to premature deregulation of pathways involved in vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we describe the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine-tuners of gene transcription in atherosclerosis. Specifically, the following aspects are described in detail: (1) discovery and impact of the epigenome in cardiovascular disease, (2) the epigenetic landscape in atherosclerosis; (3) inheritance of epigenetic signals and premature vascular disease; (4) epigenetic control of lipid metabolism, vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis; (5) epigenetic biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis; (6) novel therapeutic strategies to modulate epigenetic marks. Understanding the individual epigenetic profile may pave the way for new approaches to determine cardiovascular risk and to develop personalized therapies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications.
Simulations of domain walls in Two Higgs Doublet Models
Authors: Battye Richard A. , Pilaftsis Apostolos , Viatic Dominic G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Two Higgs Doublet Model predicts the emergence of 3 distinct domain wall solutions arising from the breaking of 3 accidental global symmetries, Z2, CP1 and CP2, at the electroweak scale for specific choices of the model parameters. We present numerical kink solutions to the field equations in all three cases along with dynamical simulations of the models in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions. For each kink solution we define an associated topological current. In all three cases simulations produce a network of domain walls which deviates from power law scaling in Minkowski and FRW simulations. This deviation is attributed to a winding of the electroweak group parameters around the domain walls in our simulations. We observe a local violation of the neutral vacuum condition on the domain walls in our simulations. This violation is attributed to relative electroweak transformations across the domain walls which is a general feature emerging from random initial conditions.
Supernova Muons: New Constraints on Z′ Bosons, Axions and ALPs
Authors: Croon Djuna , Elor Gilly , Leane Rebecca K. , McDermott Samuel D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
New light particles produced in supernovae can lead to additional energy loss and a consequent deficit in neutrino production in conflict with the neutrinos observed from Supernova 1987A (SN1987A). Contrary to the majority of previous SN1987A studies, we examine the impact of Z′ bosons, axions, and axion-like particles (ALPs) interacting with the muons produced in SN1987A. For the first time, we find constraints on generic Z′ bosons coupled to muons, and apply our results to particle models including gauged Lμ−Lτ number, $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

, and gauged B − L number, U(1)B−L. We constrain Z′ bosons with masses up to about 250 − 500 MeV, and down to about 10−9 in Z′-muon coupling. We also extend previous work on axion-muon couplings by examining the importance of loop-level interactions, as well as performing calculations over a wider range of axion masses. We constrain muon-coupled axions from arbitrarily low masses up to about 200 − 500 MeV, with bounds extending down to axion-muon couplings of approximately 10−8 GeV−1. We conclude that supernovae broadly provide a sensitive probe of new lightly-coupled particles interacting with muons.
On thermal correlators and bosonization duality in Chern-Simons theories with massive fundamental matter
Authors: Mishra Amiya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider Chern-Simons theory coupled to massive fundamental matter in three spacetime dimensions at finite temperature, in the large N limit. We compute several thermal correlators in this theory for both fermionic and bosonic matter separately. The results are computed in the large N ’t Hooft limit but for arbitrary values of the ’t Hooft coupling. Furthermore, we generalize the computations of the four-point function of fundamental scalars in the bosonic theory to finite temperature. As a consistency check, we see that the results obtained here agree with the existing previous results in different limiting cases. Moreover, we check that the results are consistent with the conjectured bosonization duality, providing an additional evidence of it.
Mechanical clinching and self-pierce riveting for sheet combination of 780-MPa high-strength steel and aluminium alloy A5052 sheets and durability on salt spray test of joints
Authors: Abe Yohei , Mori Ken-ichiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo increase the usage of high-strength steel and aluminium alloy sheets for lightweight automobile body panels, the joinability of sheet combinations including a 780-MPa high-strength steel and an aluminium alloy A5052 sheets by mechanical clinching and self-pierce riveting was investigated for different tool shapes in an experiment. All the sheet combinations except for the two steel sheets by self-pierce riveting, i.e., the two steel sheets, the two aluminium alloy sheets, and the steel-aluminium alloy sheets, were successfully joined by both the joining methods without the gaps among the rivet and the sheets. Then, to show the durability of the joined sheets, the corrosion behaviour and the joint strength of the aged sheets by a salt spray test were measured. The corrosion and the load reduction of the clinched and the riveted two aluminium alloy sheets were little. The corrosion of the clinched two steel sheets without the galvanized layer progressed, and then the load after 1176 h decreased by 85%. In the clinched two galvanized steel sheets, the corrosion progress slowed down by 24%. In the clinched steel and aluminium alloy sheets, the thickness reduction occurred near the minimum thickness of the upper sheet and in the upper surface on the edge of the lower aluminium alloy sheet, whereas the top surface of the upper sheet and the upper surface of the lower sheet were mainly corroded in the riveted joint. The load reduction was caused by the two thickness reductions, i.e., the reduction in the minimum thickness of the upper sheet and the reduction in the flange of the aluminium alloy sheet. Although the load of the clinched steel without the galvanized coating layer and aluminium alloy sheets decreased by about 20%, the use of the galvanized steel sheet brought the decrease by about 11%. It was found that the use of the galvanized steel sheets is effective for the decrease of strength reduction due to corrosion.
Factors Associated with Unexpected Readmission Following Lung Resection
Authors: Uchida Shinsuke , Yoshida Yukihiro , Yotsukura Masaya , Nakagawa Kazuo , Watanabe Shun‐ichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of the predictors of readmission can facilitate appropriate perioperative management. The current study aimed to investigate the potential predictors of unexpected readmission after lung resection for primary lung cancers.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 1000 patients who underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer at our institution between January 2016 and December 2017. Unexpected readmission was defined as unscheduled readmission to our hospital within 30 days after discharge. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for identification of perioperative factors associated with readmission.ResultsForty‐three patients (4.3%) required unexpected readmission, and the median interval between the day of discharge and readmission was 10 days (range 1–29 days). The reasons for readmission included empyema and pleural effusion (n = 11), acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 7), pneumothorax (n = 7), and others (n = 18). The median hospitalization length after readmission was 14 days (range 2–90 days). Four patients (9.3%) died in the hospital because of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis after readmission. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, postoperative refractory air leakage, defined as prolonged air leakage lasting > 5 days or requiring reoperation, was identified as a significant predictor associated with an increased risk of readmission (odds ratio 2.87; 95% confidence interval 1.22–6.72; p = 0.015).ConclusionsUnexpected readmission was an inevitable event following lung resection. Patients with readmission had an increased risk of death. Refractory air leakage after lung resection for primary lung cancer was strongly associated with unexpected readmission.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation can overcome the poor prognosis of KMT2A-MLLT3 acute myeloid leukemia and can lead to good GVHD-free/relapse-free survival
Authors: Tong Juan , Zhang Lei , Liu Huilan , Xu Xiucai , Zheng Changcheng , Yao Wen , Zhu Xiaoyu , Tang Baolin , Wan Xiang , Song Kaidi , Zhang Xuhan , Sun Guangyu , Sun Zimin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is a retrospective study comparing the effectiveness of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) and chemotherapy for patients in the first complete remission period for acute myeloid leukemia with KMT2A-MLLT3 rearrangements. A total of 22 patients were included, all of whom achieved first complete remission (CR1) through 1–2 rounds of induction chemotherapy, excluding patients with an early relapse. Twelve patients were treated with UCBT, and 10 patients were treated with chemotherapy after 2 to 4 courses of consolidation therapy. The 3-year overall survival (OS) of the UCBT group was 71.3% (95% CI, 34.4–89.8%), and that of the chemotherapy group was 10% (95% CI, 5.89–37.3%). The OS of the UCBT group was significantly higher than that of the chemotherapy group (P = 0.003). The disease-free survival (DFS) of the UCBT group was 60.8% (95% CI, 25.0–83.6%), which was significantly higher than the 10% (95% CI, 5.72–35.8%) of the chemotherapy group (P = 0.003). The relapse rate of the UCBT group was 23.6% (95% CI, 0–46.8%), and that of the chemotherapy group was 85.4% (95% CI, 35.8–98.4%), which was significantly higher than that of the UCBT group (P < 0.001). The non-relapse mortality (NRM) rate in the UCBT group was 19.8% (95% CI, 0–41.3%), and that in the chemotherapy group was 0.0%. The NRM rate in the UCBT group was higher than that in the chemotherapy group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.272). Two patients in the UCBT group relapsed, two died of acute and chronic GVHD, and one patient developed chronic GVHD 140 days after UCBT and is still alive, so the GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 50% (95% CI, 17.2–76.1%). AML patients with KMT2A-MLLT3 rearrangements who receive chemotherapy as their consolidation therapy after CR1 have a very poor prognosis. UCBT can overcome the poor prognosis and significantly improve survival, and the GRFS for these patients is very good. We suggest that UCBT is a better choice than chemotherapy for KMT2A-MLLT3 patients.
Exploring human splenic red pulp vasculature in virtual reality: details of sheathed capillaries and the open capillary network
Authors: Steiniger Birte S. , Pfeffer Henriette , Guthe Michael , Lobachev Oleg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe reconstructed serial sections of a representative adult human spleen to clarify the unknown arrangement of the splenic microvasculature, such as terminal arterioles, sheathed capillaries, the red pulp capillary network and venules. The resulting 3D model was evaluated in virtual reality (VR). Capillary sheaths often occurred after the second or third branching of a terminal arteriole and covered its capillary side or end branches. The sheaths started directly after the final smooth muscle cells of the arteriole and consisted of cuboidal CD271++ stromal sheath cells surrounded and infiltrated by B lymphocytes and macrophages. Some sheaths covered up to four sequential capillary bifurcations thus forming bizarre elongated structures. Each sheath had a unique form. Apart from symmetric dichotomous branchings inside the sheath, sheathed capillaries also gave off side branches, which crossed the sheath and freely ended at its surface. These side branches are likely to distribute materials from the incoming blood to sheath-associated B lymphocytes and macrophages and thus represent the first location for recognition of blood-borne antigens in the spleen. A few non-sheathed bypasses from terminal arterioles to the red pulp capillary network also exist. Red pulp venules are primarily supplied by sinuses, but they also exhibit a few connections to the capillary network. Thus, the human splenic red pulp harbors a primarily open microcirculation with a very minor closed part.
Stereology as the 3D tool to quantitate lung architecture
Authors: Knudsen Lars , Brandenberger Christina , Ochs Matthias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStereology is the method of choice for the quantitative assessment of biological objects in microscopy. It takes into account the fact that, in traditional microscopy such as conventional light and transmission electron microscopy, although one has to rely on measurements on nearly two-dimensional sections from fixed and embedded tissue samples, the quantitative data obtained by these measurements should characterize the real three-dimensional properties of the biological objects and not just their “flatland” appearance on the sections. Thus, three-dimensionality is a built-in property of stereological sampling and measurement tools. Stereology is, therefore, perfectly suited to be combined with 3D imaging techniques which cover a wide range of complementary sample sizes and resolutions, e.g. micro-computed tomography, confocal microscopy and volume electron microscopy. Here, we review those stereological principles that are of particular relevance for 3D imaging and provide an overview of applications of 3D imaging-based stereology to the lung in health and disease. The symbiosis of stereology and 3D imaging thus provides the unique opportunity for unbiased and comprehensive quantitative characterization of the three-dimensional architecture of the lung from macro to nano scale.
Modal analysis and insights into damping phenomena of a special vibration chain
Authors: Müller Peter C. , Weber Wolfgang E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVibration chains are of interest in many fields of practical applications. In this contribution, a modal analysis of the rather special Mikota’s vibration chain is performed. Herein, focus is set on the mode shapes of this multibody oscillator, which was firstly introduced by Mikota as a solid body compensator in hydraulic systems for filtering out fluid flow pulsations. The mode shapes show interesting properties, e.g. an increase in the polynomial representing the coordinates of each mode shape with an increasing eigenfrequency associated with the respective mode shape. This and other properties are discussed exemplary. Some of these properties still have to be proven, which is the task of future work. Additionally, modal damping of Mikota’s vibration chain is discussed. Moreover, an approach for determining the damping matrix for given Lehr’s damping measures without knowing the mode shapes in advance is introduced. This approach involves the determination of a matrix root.