bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
État, langues, antinomie. La dynamique ethnolibérale des réformes institutionnelles en Belgique
Authors: Dirkx Paul 
Published: August 2021

Cet article explique comment l’État belge en est venu à réunir dans une seule structure trois modèles étatiques qui privilégient respectivement le niveau national, le niveau infranational et le niveau supranational. Sa première partie, à la fois historique et théorique, présente la genèse de cet État, qui est abordée à travers le concept d’antinomie. Les trois parties suivantes étudient les effets de l’antinomie sur les institutions belges, sur la gestion par l’État des autonomismes « flamand » et « wallon » et, enfin, sur sa politique socio-économique depuis les années 1960. Une dernière partie s’arrête brièvement aux rapports dialectiques entre cette politique, qualifiée ici d’ethnolibérale, et la « construction européenne ».
Syntaxe quantitative et expérimentale : objets et méthodes
Authors: Bîlbîie Gabriela , Faghiri Pegah , Thuilier Juliette 
Published: August 2021

Dans cet article, nous abordons la question des données utilisées dans la recherche en syntaxe. Nous proposons d’abord une approche critique des jugements de grammaticalité, employées traditionnellement en syntaxe formelle, en pointant leur variabilité et leur dimension gradiente ; puis, nous présentons les différents aspects méthodologiques de la syntaxe quantitative et expérimentale, en insistant sur la complémentarité d’un travail à partir de données de corpus et d’une approche expérimentale contrôlée. Nous plaidons pour une vision de la syntaxe qui, en plus des contrastes binaires de grammaticalité, intègre les contraintes préférentielles pour rendre compte de la nature gradiente des données langagières.
Préférences et perceptions face au risque : quels enseignements pour des applications à la santé ?
Authors: L’Haridon Olivier , Seror Valérie 
Published: August 2021

Cet article présente un état de l’art des avancées théoriques et méthodologiques en économie comportementale à des fins d’économie appliquée. Il s’intéresse notamment aux enjeux de santé. Partant du modèle d’utilité espérée, modèle normatif de choix rationnel, largement développé et utilisé au 20 ème siècle, nous présentons en quoi l’économie comportementale, d’une part, et la psychologie cognitive d’autre part, ont permis d’enrichir cette analyse traditionnelle de la prise de risque individuelle. En particulier, nous recherchons de quelle manière l’économie comportementale rend compte de manière plus approfondie de la subjectivité du risque au travers d’une vision plus générale de la « chance ». Nous illustrons notre propos grâce à la mesure empirique de ces modèles d’économie comportementale, appliqués notamment aux enjeux de santé. En séparant les rôles respectifs des utilités associées aux conséquences, de l’éventuelle transformation des probabilités et des jugements probabilistes, de telles approches apparaissent particulièrement adaptées à des contextes où prévalent des incertitudes individuelles et collectives quant à la santé et l’économie. Nous envisageons enfin dans quelle mesure toute une littérature classique en psychologie cognitive sur la perception de l’incertitude éclaire l’économiste sur la complexité de la formation des croyances, notamment en matière de santé.
New trends in preparing buckwheat dishes in Slovenia
Authors: Vombergar Blanka , Horvat Marija , Vorih Stanko , Pem Nataša 
Published: August 2021

Slovenian cuisine is traditionally related to the use of buckwheat, especially common buckwheat. At the Education Centre Piramida Maribor there are developing possibilities of using common and Tartary buckwheat in modern gastronomy. This paper presentings buckwheat dishes, which were developed and upgraded according to the trends in modern nutrition, along with market responses. Present varieties of buckwheat bread made with different leavening agents (e.g. yeast, sourdough, baking powder, cream of tartar, mineral water and without rising agents), confectionnery (e.g. cakes, pies, cream-pies, strudels, biscuits) from Tartary buckwheat, common buckwheat and other flours and also Tartary buckwheat pasta are presented. Buckwheat (either as gruel or as flour) can also be used as an ingredient in filling the chocolate pralines or in ice cream. In addition various buckwheat dishes with a touch of contemporary trends and culinary art are introduced. Furthermore, the possibilities of using common and Tartary buckwheat flour for gluten-free confectionery and for a variety of sweet and savory gluten-free dishes in the culinary will be presented. The latest speciality will be the presentation of buckwheat bread, confectionery and pasta combined with edible flowers.
Innovative Partnership Between Intensive Care Unit Nurses and Therapists to Care for Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Reese Sara M. , Johnson Jennifer , Edwards Jennifer , Oliveti Michelle , Buszkiewic Susan 
Published: August 2021

Background
When patients with COVID-19 began presenting to hospitals in early 2020, medical professionals were unprepared to handle the severity of disease and the number of severely ill patients.

Local Problem
In response to critical needs of patients with COVID-19 and the threat of nurse burnout, a special operations team comprising physical and occupational therapists was convened to (1) provide help to intensive care unit nurses, (2) help therapists be productive, and (3) use therapists’ specialties for critical patients.

Methods
Two therapists teamed up each shift to work with every critical patient with COVID-19, performing numerous nursing and therapy activities. Activity frequency was documented by the therapists daily, and duration was estimated and data were summarized by nursing leadership.

Results
During the 9-week program, 35 critical patients with COVID-19 were included in the special operations program. During the program, the teams performed 10 activities, including prone positioning, turning, and mobilization, 1937 times with the patients with COVID-19. The partnership saved between 5 and 40 minutes of intensive care nurse time per activity, which resulted in a total of 677.2 hours of nursing time saved.

Discussion
Implementation of the special operations program had a positive impact on patients, nurses, and therapists. Patients benefited both clinically and socially from additional time with special operations teams. Nurses benefited from having help caring for critical patients, and therapists benefited from increased productivity during redeployment.

Conclusion
Deployment of nonnursing clinical staff could be an effective strategy to leverage available resources while maintaining clinical standards of care and reducing nursing burden during a pandemic or crisis surge.
Comparison Between the Potential of Tempe Flour Made from Germinated and Nongerminated Soybeans in Preventing Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Astawan Made , Rahmawati Inas Suci , Cahyani Ananda Putri , Wresdiyati Tutik , Putri Sastia Prama , Fukusaki Eiichiro 
Published: August 2021

This study was aimed to compare the chemical characteristics of tempe flour made from nongerminated soybean (NST) and germinated soybean (GST), especially on their capacity in preventing diabetes mellitus (DM). Soybeans were germinated for 20 hours in the dark until 2.5-5.0 mm of the radicle emerged. The ungerminated soybeans and the germinated soybeans were then processed into tempe and tempe flour. The two types of tempe flour were subjected to proximate analysis, amino acid profiling, antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, isoflavone content, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition analyses. GST was superior in preventing DM in the protein content and antioxidant parameters, as these were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in NST. On the other hand, NST was superior in preventing diabetes in the isoflavon (daidzein, genistein, and total isoflavone) and α-amylase inhibition IC50 parameters which were significantly better (p<0.05) than in GST. On the contrary, the diabetes-preventing parameters total phenols, α-glucosidase inhibition IC50, and insulinotropic amino acids (arginine, alanine, phenilalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine) were not different (p>0.05). Therefore, GST and NST both have potential in preventing diabetes through different mechanisms.
Anatomical Properties and Near Infrared Spectra Characteristics of Four Shorea Species from Indonesia
Authors: Adi Danang Sudarwoko , Hwang Sung-Wook , Pramasari Dwi Ajias , Amin Yusup , Cipta Hairi , Damayanti Ratih , Dwianto Wahyu , Sugiyama Junji 
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the anatomical properties and absorbance characteristics of NIR spectra of four Shorea species from Indonesia. Macroscopic section revealed that Balau has similarity with Heavy Red Meranti, whereas White Meranti was almost identical with Light Red Meranti. All of the woods have diffuse porous and axial resin canals in tangential lines at the microscopic level. Original NIR spectra of Shorea species showed different absorbance characteristic. Wood density was assumed to be one of the factors that affected to the absorbances. Principal component analysis (PCA) of second derivative NIR spectra at the wavenumber 8,000-4,000 cm-1 (full) and 6,200-5,600 cm-1 (specific) showed different orientation among the Principal Component (PC) number. PC1, which contained highest spectral variation, had two closed clusters (1) Balau and Heavy Red Meranti and (2) White and Light Red Meranti at full spectral range. In contrast, the results at specific range were (1) Balau and White Meranti and (2) Heavy and Light Red Meranti. Hierarchical clustering dendrogram using PCA data from two spectral regions resulted in two types of clustering, the 8,000-4,000 cm-1 was somehow related to ‘density’, while the 6,200-5,600 cm-1 was grouped in ‘color’ information from visual inspection. From both spectral regions, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) classification models revealed 100% accuracy in identification four Shorea species using NIR spectra.
Rural dwellers involvement in small scale poultry farming in Oluyole Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunwale O.G. , Abegunrin O.O. , Oyewole O.O. , Olatunji B.T. , Ajanaku A.O. 
Published: August 2021

Poultry production at all levels appears to be lucrative and profitable but many factors appear to limit the involvement of rural dwellers in this sector. This study was carried out at Oluyole Local Government Area Oyo State to assess the level of involvement of rural dwellers in small scale poultry farming. Some parts of Oluyole local government were purposely selected for this study because of higher concentration of rural dwellers that are involved in poultry production. A total of ninety five respondents were sampled and had a well-structured questionnaire administered to them to determine their socio economics characteristic, their level of involvement, benefit derived and constraint faced in poultry farming. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and means, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05% level of significance. The results show that majority of the respondents were males (61.1%), married (68.8%) and have tertiary education (59.1%). Majority (50.5%) of the respondents were between the ages of 31-45years. Socio-economic characteristics such as age, region, sex, educational level, household size and income had no significant relationship with the respondent’s level of involvement in small scale poultry farming (P<0.05). Results on level of involvement shows that most (48.8%) of the sampled correspondents were involved in boilers production. The study also shows that the benefit derived in poultry farming remained the same regardless of the level of involvement of the farmers in various poultry activities, with r –value (0.177), p-value (0.089) indicating that the relationship is not significant (P<0.01), it also indicated that the relationship between the constraints facing the respondents and their level of involvement is not significant with r –value (0.154). Also, the major constraints facing the respondents included difficulty in accessing loan and quality feed. Government should therefore make loan facilities at affordable interest rate while all the stake holders should work together to improve farmers’ access to quality feed, vaccine, technical know-how and adequate extension workers.
Determinants of Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Weather Index Insurance in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Isaboke Hezron Nyarindo 
Published: August 2021

The study examined how multiple factors influence participation of farmers in Weather Index Insurance WII in Embu County, Kenya. Data wer e collected from a sample of 401 smallholders following multi stage sampling technique The study employed the Cragg ’s Double Hurdle model in determining factors that influence participation and extent of participation in WII. Results revealed th at short rain season, household size, land size, perception of the household head on WII , owners h ip of a mobile phone a nd location of the farm were important factors in explaining participation in WII. The distance to a registered agro veterinary products outlet, insurance premium , group membership, the weather station in Runyenjes station and distan c e to the local weather station influenced probability to participate negatively. Similarly, ownership of mobile phone had a positive influence on the extent of participation in WII while the size of the household, distance to a registered agro veterinary p roducts outlet and land size were significant with a negative influence. The findings of this study highlight the importance of shaping farmers’ perceptions to wards WII, promotion of policies that allow for access and use of information and communication t echnologies ( such as mobile phones by the farming households as a pathway to providing smart so lutions to smallholder farmers in dealing with weather rela ted risks . Further, the research recommends for development of policies that would ensure modest WII insurance premiums that are aligned to the unique need s of the smallholder farmers.
Biodiversity and Management Status of Charia beel in Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Chakraborty Binay , Labh S.N. , Rani R. , Bhattacharjee S. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim is to study the condition of aquatic species in the Charia beel. A good management technique is developed for protecting biodiversity and productions of the beel in order to ensure food security.
Subjects and Methods: Primary data was developed by a semi-structured questionnaires and primary data was collected by field observation which comprised of selected area of the beel basin, survey of different fishing methods, conducted a series of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), applying Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) and Key Informant Interview (KII). Secondary data were collected from the Department of Fisheries (DoF), comprehensive literature review and internet sites. The code of IUCN was followed to categorize the status of the beel and to compare the trend among different years Shannon index was followed.
Results: A total number of 91 species (83 wild fishes, four prawns, one crab, one snail, and four species of turtles) belonging to 65 genera were identified from the Charia beel. About 10 types of operative fishing gear and craft were found in the river. The increasing rate of using current jal (20.50-30.50%) and Kapuri jal (14.60-18.00%) were identified as detrimental gear used to kill the different species during four years. A common increasing trend of using current jaal, Kapuri jaal (seine net) and FAD (Fish aggregating device) were identified as detrimental gear killing different species between 2016 and 2019. The fish productivity decreased dramatically from 184.52± 55.04 to 141.65± 57.66 mt within four years and the total production percentage (%) also sharply decreased from 8.88% mt to 23.23% over the same period.
Conclusion: Commercially important 06 aquatic species namely Sarpunti (Puntius sarana), Napit (Badis badis), Gajar (Channa marulius) and Turtles (Kachuga tecta,Morenia petersi and Lissemys punctata) were regional extinct, 18 commercially important aquatic species were at the edge of extinction (critically endangered, CR), 35 species endangered (EN), 23 species vulnerable status (VU), five species were identified as lower risk (LR) and only four species of the river were not threatened (NT) in position between 2016 and 2019 in the this beel.
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Hibiscus Asper Hook. F. and Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. on some Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Arogbodo Joseph Olowo , Faluyi Oyetayo Bolanle , Igbe Festus Omotere 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The study aims to assess the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Hibiscus asper and Hibiscus sabdariffa against eight bacterial isolates.
Materials and Methods: An in vitro Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of the two plants against eight nosocomical and pathogenic bacteria viz; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Proteus vulgaris (PVU), Klebsiella aerogenes (KAE), Staphylococcus aureus (SAU), Bacillus cereus (BCE), Escherichia coli (ECO), Moraxella catarrhalis (MCA) and Salmonella typhi (STY) was carried out using agar well diffusion assay with the concentration range of 3.13 – 100 mg/mL.
Results: H. asper and H. sabdariffa showed significant difference (p< 0.05) in antimicrobial activity against BCE over the rest of the isolates. Inhibition zone diameters exhibited by the isolates to ethanolic leaf extract of H. asper was in descending order of BCE (15.00 ± 1.00a) >ECO (11.67 ± 0.58b) >SAU (7.67 ± 0.58c) >PAE (6.67 ± 0.58d) >STY (5.67 ± 0.58e) while that of H. sabdariffa was in the order BCE (15.33 ± 1.15a) > MCA (11.33 ± 1.15b) > SAU (11.00 ± 1.00bc) > KAE (9.67 ± 0.58c) > PAE (8.00 ± 1.00d) >PVU (7.67 ± 0.57e). PVU, KAE and MCA were resistant to the extract of H. asper while only STY was resistant to that of H. sabdariffa.
Conclusion: H. sabdariffa extract demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity against the selected bacterial isolates than H. asper. However, the two extracts minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) ranged from 25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. This is worthy of further exploration by pharmacological industries in the formulation of potent broad spectrum antibiotics for combating the present health challenge due to antimicrobial resistance.
Overexpression of miR-221-3p effecting cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation by targeting Toll-like receptors 4 in propofol-induced rat astrocytes
Authors: Qi Shuang , Li Zinan , Yu Shanshan 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionGrowing evidence indicated that propofol has neurotoxic effects on the brains of developing rodents, leading to neuronal cell death, neurodegeneration, and brain injury.Material and methodsEctopic miR-221-3p was transfected into rat astrocytes, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell growth and apoptosis. The mRNA levels of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), caspase-3, caspase-12, STAT3, and GRP78 were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proteins of TLR4 and MyD88 were determined using Western blotting. The association between miR-221-3p and TLR4 was measured using Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay (Promega Corporation, Wisconsin, USA). Then, siTLR4 was transfected with 293T cells to study the role of TLR4 in astrocytes with propofol treatment.ResultsThe miR-221-3p expression in rat astrocytes was markedly suppressed by propofol treatment. The miR-221-3p mimics transfection in propofol-treated astrocytes effectively reduced the suppressive effect of propofol on astrocyte growth, repressed the propofol-induced apoptosis in rat astrocytes, and decreased the cell number during the G2–M phase. The expression of MyD88 and TLR4 was induced by propofol, whereas the transfection of miR-221-3p mimics dramatically reduced these genes expression at the mRNA and protein expression. After that, TLR4 was found to be target of miR-221-3p using Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay. Furthermore, knockdown of TLR4 could suppress the apoptosis rate in propofol-treated astrocytes.ConclusionsThis study revealed that miR-221-3p might prevent astrocytes from propofol-induced damage by targeting TLR4.
PHÁT HIỆN LẠI LOÀI ỐC CẠN Chloritis remoratrix (Morlet, 1893) SAU GẦN 120 NĂM Ở VIỆT NAM (GASTROPODA: CAMAENIDAE)
Authors: Đỗ Đức Sáng , Nguyễn Thanh Sơn 
Published: August 2021

Loài ốc cạn có phổi Chloritis remoratrix (Morlet, 1893) thuộc họ Camaenidae được phát hiện đầu tiên từ khu vực biên giới giữa Lào (tỉnh Champasak) và Campuchia (tỉnh Stung Treng). Dựa trên nguồn mẫu vật thu được từ huyện Phong Thổ, tỉnh Lai Châu, chúng tôi trình bày một mô tả lại loài này, gồm các dẫn liệu về đặc điểm cấu trúc hình thái vỏ, kích thước và môi trường sống. Ngoài ra, phạm vi phân bố mới và hệ thống phân loại cũng được giới thiệu và thảo luận. Loài C. remoratrix được đặc trưng bởi kích thước lớn, vỏ hình nón, màu vàng đến vàng nâu, có các dải màu nâu sẫm ở ngoại vi; vòng xoắn cuối tạo gờ xoắn ở ngoại vi; miệng vỏ hình bán nguyệt, vành miệng dày và mở rộng; lỗ rốn rộng và sâu.
Severe Esophagitis and Chemical Pneumonitis as a Consequence of Dilute Benzalkonium Chloride Ingestion: A Case Report
Authors: Amit Kumar  , Rajesh Chetiwal  , Priyank Rastogi  , Shweta Tanwar  , Saurabh Gupta  , Rajesh Patnaik  , Maduri Vankayalapati  , Sudhish Gupta  , Alok Arya  
Published: August 2021

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) has been used as an active ingredient in a wide variety of compounds such as surface disinfectants, floor cleaners, pharmaceutical products and sanitizers. Solutions containing <10% concentration of BACs typically do not cause serious injury. As the available data regarding acute BAC toxicity is limited, we report a case of dilute benzalkonium chloride ingestion resulting in bilateral chemical pneumonitis and significant gastrointestinal injury requiring mechanical ventilatory support.
The Case: A 42-year-old male presented with complaints of nausea, vomiting and excessive amount of blood mixed oral secretions after accidental ingestion of approximately 100ml of BAC solution (<10%). Later he developed respiratory distress with falling oxygen saturation for which he was intubated and mechanical ventilatory support was administered. Computed tomography (CT) chest was suggestive of bilateral chemical pneumonitis and upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed diffuse esophageal ulcerations. The patient was managed with intravenous fluids, corticosteroids, proton pump inhibitor, empiric antibiotics, and total parenteral nutrition.
Conclusion: The present case report emphasizes that dilute BAC compounds can cause severe respiratory and gastrointestinal injuries. Immediate and aggressive medical treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing complication rates.