bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Combined Effects of Wood Vinegar and Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Enzymatic Activities, DNA Integrity and Gene Transcription in Dugesia Japonica
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Sun Na , Sun Jingyi , Wang Bin , Chen Xiaoran , Lv Ziheng , Liu Jing , Zhao Bosheng , Yuan Zuoqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been identified widely in aquatic environments, while there are few reports detailing the environmental risk of wood vinegar (WV) on freshwater ecosystems. We used freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica, to evaluate the combined effects of PFOA and WV by examining the adverse influence of enzymatic activities, DNA damage and gene transcription on planarians. Compared with control and PFOA groups, the malonaldehyde content was lower in planarians treated with WV. In addition, WV enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes, relieving the toxicity effects of PFOA. We also studied the genotoxicity of PFOA and WV on planarians using the comet assay. WV decreased the proportion of DNA in the tail and the olive tail moment. Furthermore, expression of gpx, gst and gr genes in planarians was significantly altered following exposure to both PFOA and WV, compared with individual exposure. Our results suggest that WV could alleviate the adverse effects of PFOA on the aquatic environment, but ecological risk assessments and toxicological safety evaluations of WV are necessary.
Sparse Representation Optimization of Gaussian Mixed Feature of Image Based on Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Ye Yuguang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of intelligent algorithm and image processing technology, the limitations of traditional image processing methods are more and more obvious. Based on this, this paper studies a new pattern of sparse representation optimization of image Gaussian mixture feature based on convolution neural network, and designs a sparse representation system model of vehicle detection image based on convolution neural network. The vehicle image data is collected from many aspects, and the convolution neural network is used for comprehensive analysis and evaluation. The model can extract the feature information of the vehicle detection image better by making the scheme of the real-time vehicle detection image and according to the image features and convolution neural network algorithm. The results show that the Gaussian mixture feature sparse representation optimization model based on convolution neural network has the advantages of high feasibility, high data accuracy and high response speed, which can enhance the processing efficiency of vehicle detection image and improve the utilization of local environmental information in the image.
Early-Childhood Feeding Practices Among Mexican Indigenous Population A Qualitative Study
Authors: Vera-Becerra Luz E , Rodriguez-Guerra Ana I , MARTINEZ-CORDERO CLAUDIA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Breast feeding and complementary feeding practices are crucial for health across the life. The purpose of the study was to know some infant feeding practices in a Mexican indigenous population. Twenty Mexican indigenous mothers with children under two-year age answered a semi-structured interview. Most of the mothers reported to feed their children with breast milk during the first months, although exclusive breastfeeding did not meet the recommended time mainly due to cultural factors. We conclude the mothers followed the preferences and signals of the child for complementary feeding, and instinctively determined how and when to offer different foods to breast milk.
Efficacy of Precesarean Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta Balloon Occlusion Among Women With Pernicious Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Wei Xuemin , Chen Yan , Cheng Weiwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic balloon occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta among women with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta.Methods This retrospective study included 110 patients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta. The control group consisted of 55 patients who underwent cesarean section alone, and the study group included 55 patients who underwent precesarean prophylactic balloon occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. In addition, both of the groups were further divided according to FIGO clinical grading standards. Prevention of hysterectomy was the primary outcome evaluated. The secondary outcomes included operative duration, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, intensive care unit admission, total hospital stay (days), and puerperal morbidity, and these data were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the neonatal outcomes were compared.Results There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes in the PAS 2 and PAS 3 groups (P > 0.05). However, in the PAS 4 and PAS 5 groups, the amount of bleeding in the study group was significantly less than that in the control group (3533.3 ± 2391.4 vs 4293.6 ± 1235.4, P < 0.05), and the total hysterectomy rate was also lower (7.8% vs 13.2%, P < 0.05).Conclusion Precesarean infrarenal abdominal aortic balloon occlusion is an effective and safe option for treating pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta and can effectively reduce the risk of hysterectomy and intraoperative blood loss in women with PAS grade 4-5.
The Criticality of Tourism Development, Economic Complexity, and Country Security on Ecological Footprint
Authors: Lee Chien-Chiang , Chen Mei-Ping , Wu Wenmin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
What kinds of countries are likely to be prosperous and have a sustainable environment at the same time? How might countries reorient their policy setting to be more capable of suppressing environmental degradation? To explore these questions, this research takes the six major kinds of ecological footprint (EF) as indicators of environmental quality and probes the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. We find that tourism development corresponds to more usage of carbon absorption land and cropland. Second, the lower (higher) a nation’s security is, the better (worse) is its the environmental quality. Third, economic complexity worsens environmental quality and does not effectively resolve environmental degradation. Fourth, country security weakens the negative influence of tourism development (economic complexity) on environmental quality. Fifth, increasing tourist arrivals should reach a specific level in order to raise the ecological footprint, which leads to greater environmental sacrifice. Sixth, the inverted U-shape relationship of economic complexity at the lowest to intermediate cropland quantiles supports the economic complexity-induced EKC hypothesis. Seventh, the country security-induced EKC hypothesis is supported in some specific EF quantiles. Finally, we show that tourism arrivals, economic complexity, and country security have varying impacts across diverse ecological footprint quantiles.
Contradictions and Continuities: A Historical Context to Euro-American Settlement Era Fires of the Lake States, USA.
Authors: Meunier Jed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Lake States experienced unprecedented land use changes during Euro-American settlement (settlement) including large, destructive fires. Forest changes were radical in this region and largely attributed to anomalous settlement era fires in slash (cumulation of tops and branches) following cutover logging. In this study I place settlement era fires in a historical context by examining fire scar data in comparison to historical accounts and investigate fire-vegetation-climate relationships within a 400-year context.ResultsSettlement era fires (1851–1947) were less frequent than historical fires (1548–1850) with little evidence that slash impacted fire frequency or occurrence at site or ecoregion scales. Only one out of 25 sites had more frequent settlement era fires and that site was a pine forest that had never been harvested. Settlement era fires were similar across disparate ecoregions and forest types including in areas with very different land use history. Settlement fires tended to burn during significantly dry periods, the same conditions driving large fires for the past 400 years. The burned area in the October 8, 1871 Peshtigo Fire was comprised of mesic forests where fuels were always abundant and high-severity fires would be expected given the conditions in 1871. Furthermore, slash would not have been a major contributor to fire behavior or effects in the Peshtigo Fire.Conclusions﻿Historical records, like written accounts of fires and settlement era survey records, provide a reference point for landscape changes but lack temporal depth to understand forest dynamics or provide a mechanistic understanding of changes. While settlement land use changes of Lake States forests were pervasive, fires were not the ultimate degrading factor, but rather likely one of the few natural processes still at work.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in Yangtze River Delta of Eastern China
Authors: Lu Taotao , Li Runzhe , Ferrer Aira Sacha Nadine , Xiong Shuang , Zou Pengfei , Peng Hao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The water resource is highly demanded in the Yangtze River Delta with a developed economy. Long-term exploitation has posed threats of artificial pollution and seawater intrusion to the shallow groundwater. This study aimed to reveal the hydrochemical characteristics and health risks of shallow groundwater in the coastal plain of the Yangtze River Delta. Also, possible factors affecting groundwater quality were discussed. Methods, such as typical hydrochemical tests, water quality assessment and health risk models, were applied to achieve the study targets. The results showed that the shallow groundwater was slightly alkaline, and the average values of total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) were 930.74 mg/L and 436.20 mg/L, respectively. The main hydrochemical types of groundwater were Ca+Mg–HCO3 and Ca/Na–HCO3, accounting for 44.3% and 47.5%, respectively. In addition, As concentration was generally high, with a mean value of 0.0115 mg/L. The principal factors affecting the groundwater components include water-rock interactions (especially silicate), cation exchange, seawater intrusion and human activities. As in the groundwater is strongly influenced by the redox of Fe, Mn, and NO3-. The results of the groundwater quality evaluation indicated that the shallow groundwater in some regions was unsuitable for drinking and agricultural irrigation. Health risk assessment showed that 44.3% of the water samples had significant health risks, which was attributed to the high As concentration. Therefore, it is urgent to establish long-term As monitoring to maintain sustainable groundwater management and drinking water safety. The results of this study can provide essential data for water resource management and human health protection in the Yangtze River Delta.
Functional Limitations Before and After Cancer Diagnosis and Contributing Factors: Longitudinal Findings from the China Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Yang Rumei , Liu Yin , Jiang Yun , Fleming Daniel J. M. , Fauth Elizabeth B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Although there is a general trend of functional decline with age, there lacks an understanding of how cancer diagnosis and other factors may contribute to this trend. This study aimed to examine functional limitation trajectories among adults with and without cancer, and before versus after the cancer diagnosis, and to explore potential contributing factors associated with functional trajectories among cancer survivors. Methods: The sample were middle-aged and older Chinese adults who participated in all 3 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2015). Ordinary and multiphase growth curve analyses were conducted to examine (1) differences in functional trajectories between participants with (n=139) and without cancer (n=7,313), (2) pre-and post-cancer diagnosis changes in functional limitations among those who reported a cancer diagnosis over the 4-year timeframe, and (3) contributing factors associated with functional trajectories among cancer survivors, guided by the Disablement Process Models, including psychological (depressive symptoms), physical (pain and falls), cognitive (self-reported memory problems), and environmental (social contact and available support) factors. Results: There was a trend of increased functional limitations among all participants over time (β=0.17, p<.0001). However, participants with cancer did not differ from non-cancer participants in neither the level (β=0.77, p=.08) nor the rate of functional decline (β=-0.43, p=.07). Functional limitation trajectories were different pre- versus post-cancer diagnosis, although not in expected directions (β=-0.48, p<.05). Cancer survivors with greater pain had higher levels of functional limitations which were sustained over time compared to those with less pain (β=0.93, p<.001).Conclusions: The study confirmed that Chinese middle-aged and older adults had overall decreased functional decline over time. A novel finding that cancer survivors experienced less rapidly functional decline after the cancer diagnosis suggested that cancer diagnosis might serve as an inflection point at which early intervention is promising to slow the functional decline. In addition, findings that within-person contributing factors, such as pain, can be influential in functional limitation trajectories suggested that more attention is needed to pay to patients with cancer-pain. These findings demonstrated the heterogeneity of functional limitation trajectories and needs for person-centered interventions among Chinese cancer survivors.
Reduction of the Uncertainties in the Hydrological Projections in Korean River Basins Using Dynamically Downscaled Climate Projections
Authors: Qiu Liying , Kim Joeng-Bae , Kim Seon-Ho , Choi Yeon-Woo , Im Eun-Soon , Bae Deg-Hyo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
How the added value of dynamically downscaled climate variables can be transferable to the hydrological impact assessment has been a long standing issue. This study investigates the potential benefit of highresolution climate data locally tailored over South Korea in terms of the reduction of uncertainties in hydrological projections. For this purpose, a large ensemble consisting of three Global Climate Model (GCM) projections and their downscaling products with different resolutions (i.e., 20 and 5 km), and four bias correction (BC) methods is fed into a semi-distributed hydrological model (HM) customized over Korean river basins. The in-depth comparison among the 45-members hydrological simulations proves that the added value of RCM would not be erased by the application of BC. While this study acknowledges the necessity of BC to remove the systematic bias in climate simulations, it is found that the high-resolution dynamical downscaling can significantly narrow the spread brought with different BC methods, thus reducing the uncertainty in the projected hydrological change. The projected streamflow changes for both the mean of wet season and the high flows indicate that there will be an intensified runoff, especially for the extremes, over South Korea under the warming. Altogether, this study provides a valuable exploration of uncertainty reduction in hydrological projections from the perspective of resolution effect of dynamical downscaling, which is meaningful for hydroclimate studies and climate change impact assessment.
Plant production-community composition relationship associated with fungal guilds depends on grassland disturbance in surface and subsurface soils
Authors: Bai Huimin , Liu Zhiying , Li Huizhen , Wang Tianqi , Xu Hongbin , Zhang Tianyu , Baoyin Taogetao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Soil fungal guilds have been proven to influence the plant community composition-production relationship, but not much is known about their effects on surface and subsurface soils under different disturbances.
Methods

Here, we assessed the functional characteristics of three fungal groups using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) classifier and data available in FUNGuild, and we characterized the community of saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, and potential plant pathogenic fungi in surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface soils (10–20 cm) of temperate grasslands under different management practices.
Results

We found that grassland disturbances decreased plant aboveground production and changed plant community composition. In surface soil, antagonistic interaction between potential plant pathogens and saprotrophic fungi drove the plant community composition-production relationship. In subsurface soil, this relationship was driven by antagonistic interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and potential plant pathogens.
Conclusion

These findings revealed that under grassland disturbances, the surface soil fungal communities were more strongly associated with plant community composition-production relationship than those from the subsurface soil were. Potential plant pathogens played an important role in plant community composition-production relationship. This knowledge is important for predicting the shifts in ecosystem functions as a consequence of changes in soil fungal groups during grassland management.
Potent Anti-Delta Effect By a Booster Third-Dose of UB-612, a Precision-Designed SARS-CoV-2 Multitope Protein-Peptide Vaccine
Authors: wang Chang Yi , Hwang Kao-Pin , Kuo Hui-Kai , Peng James , Shen Daphne , Kuo Besheng , Hou Kuo-Liang , Cheng Jennifer , Wang Min-Sheng , Yang Ya-Ting , Huang Juin-Hua , Chiu Han Chen , Jiang Ming-Han , Shih Hao-Yu , Shen Hsuan-Yu , Chang Po-Yen , Lan Yu-Rou , Chen Sky , Liu Hope , Ho Yu-Hsin , Lin Feng , Ding Shuang , Liu Zhi , Wu Huang-Ting , Lin Yi-Ling , Liang Jian-Jong , Liao Chun-Che , Chou Yu-Chi , Morris Mary Kate , Hanson Carl , Guirakhoo Farshad , Hellerstein Michael , Hu Mei Mei , Yu Hui-Jiing , King Chwan-Chuen King , Heppner Donald , Kemp Tracy , Monath Tom 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection occurs due to waning immunity time-to-vaccine, to which the globally-dominant, highly-contagious Delta variant is behind the scene. In the primary 2-dose and booster series of clinical Phase-1 trial, UB-612 vaccine, which contains S1-RBD and synthetic Th/CTL peptide pool for activation of humoral and T-cell immunity, induces substantial, prolonged viral-neutralizing antibodies that goes parallel with a long-lasting T-cell immunity; and a booster (3rd ) dose can prompt recall of memory immunity to induce profound, striking antibodies with the highest level of 50% viral-neutralizing GMT titers against live Delta variant reported for any vaccine. The unique design of S1-RBD only plus multitope T-cell peptides may have underpinned UB-612’s potent anti-Delta effect, while the other full S protein-based vaccines are affected additionally by mutations in the N-terminal domain sequence which contains additional neutralizing epitopes. UB-612, safe and well-tolerated, could be effective for boosting other vaccine platforms that have shown modest homologous boosting. [Funded by United Biomedical Inc., Asia; ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04967742 and NCT04545749]
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Anti-Alpha- Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Fan Siyuan , Ren Haitao , Zhou Lixin , Guan Hongzhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Encephalitis associated with antibodies against alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is an extremely rare type of antibody-mediated encephalitis. This research aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of anti-AMPAR encephalitis.
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled nine patients with anti-AMPAR encephalitis. Demographic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings, treatment and response were collected and analyzed. These patients were followed up with an average period of 72 weeks to gather prognostic information.
Results
Nine patients (7 females and 2 males) were enrolled with the mean age of disease onset as 59 years old. Three clinical syndromes, including limbic encephalitis (n=7; 78%), pure amnesia (n=1; 11%) and fulminant encephalitis (n=1; 11%) were identified. New symptoms of dysphagia and deafness were identified in the clinical spectrum of anti-AMPAR encephalitis. All patients had positive blood AMPAR antibodies, and six of them (67%) had paired positive antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were abnormal in 75% of the patients with no specific patterns recognized. Six patients (67%) had tumors, including lung cancers or thymomas. After immunotherapy and oncotherapy, partial improvement of neurological symptoms was observed among all 6 patients with available records during their hospitalization. During a mean follow-up of 72 weeks, 3 patients had marked improvement of modified Rankin Scale (mRS), one patient had unchanged mRS, 4 patients died and the other one was lost.
Conclusions
Anti-AMPAR encephalitis mainly presents as limbic encephalitis. Anti-AMPAR encephalitis is paraneoplastic in 67% cases and intensive screening for tumors is recommended for all anti-AMPAR patients. Although patients showed a good short-term therapeutic response, the overall prognosis was not satisfactory.
Polydrug use of Tobacco and Cannabis in a Cohort of Young People from Central Catalonia (2012-2020)
Authors: Codinach-Danés Eva , Obradors-Rial Nuria , González-Casals Helena , Cirera-Guàrdia Maria Rosa , Catalina Queralt Miro , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Espelt Albert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco and cannabis use and the relationship between these two substances in a cohort of young people from Central Catalonia in the period 2012-2020 according to sex and year of follow-up.Methods: Prospective longitudinal study with 828 students in 4th year of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) in Central Catalonia, who answered a survey on health behaviour in 2012 (828 young people), 2016 (342 young people) and in 2020 (271 young people). The dependent variables were traditional tobacco use, cannabis use in the last month and polydrug use of both substances. The independent variables were sex and year of follow-up. For the prevalence analysis, frequencies and percentages were analysed with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Chi-Square and Cochran's Q contrast were used to test the relationship between independent and paired qualitative variables. A significance level of 0.05 was set. Results: There are significant differences between the prevalence of smoking cannabis in the last month in boys and girls aged 19-20 years and 23-24 years. Girls who did not use traditional tobacco in 2012, 0.9% (0.1-6.5), 1.9% (0.4-7.5) and 7.5% (3.8-14.5) did use cannabis in 2012, 2016 and 2020 respectively, with a significant increase over the period analysed (p-value = 0.014). Boys who did not smoke traditional tobacco in 2012, 3.5% (1.1-10.6), 14.4% (8.3-23.9) and 14.3% (8.2-23.6) did smoke cannabis in 2012, 2016 and 2020 respectively, with a significant change between 2012 and 2020 (p-value = 0.006). Conclusions: There is a strong association between tobacco use and cannabis use, with those young people who smoke tobacco regularly having the highest prevalence of cannabis use. There is a significant percentage of young people where the gateway to smoked drugs is no longer tobacco but cannabis itself.