bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of a pharmacy residency program in global health: Establishing pediatric clinical pharmacy services in a Malawian hospital
Authors: Laudone Thomas W , McKinzie Cameron J , Kumwenda Hanna S , Blum Lauren A , Dascanio Sarah A , Steeb David R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the establishment of pediatric clinical pharmacy services in a Malawian hospital as part of a pharmacy residency program’s engagement in global health.SummaryWhile pharmacy is expanding its role in global health through the introduction of international advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) rotations at US schools of pharmacy, international experiences for pharmacy residents are currently very limited. Such programs are advantageous for pharmacists planning for a career in public or global health, and there is also great opportunity for clinical pharmacists to work with international partners for professional development and to help advance pharmacy practice. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy recently expanded its international APPE rotation in Malawi into the postgraduate training space through creation of a pediatric pharmacy residency training program, with the specific aim of working with partners in Malawi to introduce pediatric pharmacy services at Kamuzu Central Hospital. As this was the first time there was a pharmacist involved in patient care on the pediatric wards, the focus for the participating pharmacy resident was on establishing a positive relationship with the medical team through providing high-quality collaborative patient care for the pediatric population. In addition to working to establish pediatric clinical pharmacy services, the resident further contributed to sustainable improvements in pediatric patient care by identifying areas for quality improvement. We discuss several considerations for the successful implementation of international experiences and their impact on participating residents.ConclusionPharmacy has an opportunity to build on the success of international APPE rotations and expand postgraduate offerings. Through collaboration with other institutions already involved in global health and identifying international rotation sites, residency programs across the country can create similarly beneficial global health experiences for their pharmacy residents.
Diet and Nutrition of Adult Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a Parasitoid of Filth Flies
Authors: Taylor E E , King B H , Burgess Edwin R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Most parasitoid wasps parasitize herbivorous insects, so nectar from flowers is readily available. However, parasitoid wasps are also an important component of the rich invertebrate communities at livestock facilities in large accumulations of manure, where flowers are largely absent. Little is known about adult parasitoid diet and nutrition in these communities. The present study examined this in Spalangia cameroni Perkins, a pupal parasitoid of filth flies. Like many parasitoid wasps, S. cameroni feed on host fluids, and in the laboratory readily feed on honey or a sucrose solution, which increases their longevity. Here adult longevity in the presence of six potential food sources, bovine manure, sorghum silage, bovine milk, buckwheat inflorescence (Polygonaceae), sweet alyssum inflorescence (Brassicaceae), or dandelion inflorescence (Asteraceae), was compared to that with water or honey. Only parasitoids given buckwheat lived as long as parasitoids given honey, and parasitoids given honey or buckwheat lived longer than parasitoids given water. Parasitoids readily ate buckwheat nectar, avoiding pollen grains. Diet affected the amount of free sugars, glycogen, and lipids in complex ways. Compared to parasitoids that were given just water, parasitoids with access to honey or sucrose had higher sugar and glycogen levels, but not detectably higher lipid levels. Access to buckwheat had no detectable effect on a parasitoid’s free sugar, glycogen, or lipid levels; however, then after 4 d with just water, sugar levels were lower and glycogen levels were higher compared to parasitoids that had been given access to only water the entire time.
ModellingPwaves in seismic noise correlations: advancing fault monitoring using train traffic sources
Authors: Sager Korbinian , Tsai Victor C , Sheng Yixiao , Brenguier Florent , Boué Pierre , Mordret Aurélien , Igel Heiner 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYThe theory of Green’s function retrieval essentially requires homogeneously distributed noise sources. Even though these conditions are not fulfilled in nature, low-frequency (&lt;1 Hz) surface waves generated by ocean–crust interactions have been used successfully to image the crust with unprecedented spatial resolution. In contrast to low-frequency surface waves, high-frequency (&gt;1 Hz) body waves have a sharper, more localized sensitivity to velocity contrasts and temporal changes at depth. In general, their retrieval using seismic interferometry is challenging, and recent studies focus on powerful, localized noise sources. They have proven to be a promising alternative but break the assumptions of Green’s function retrieval. In this study, we present an approach to model correlations between P waves for these scenarios and analyse their sensitivity to 3-D Earth structure. We perform a series of numerical experiments to advance our understanding of these signals and prepare for an application to fault monitoring. In the considered cases, the character of the signals strongly diverges from Green’s function retrieval, and the sensitivity to structure has significant contributions in the source direction. An accurate description of the underlying physics allows us to reproduce observations made in the context of monitoring the San Jacinto Fault in California using train-generated seismic waves. This approach provides new perspectives for detecting and localizing temporal velocity changes previously unnoticed by commonly exploited surface-wave reconstructions.
A needle in the colon, the risk of ingested foreign objects: a case report
Authors: Espin Darwin S , Tufiño Jorge F , Cevallos Jaime M , Zumárraga Fernando , Orozco Vanessa E , Proaño Estefany J , Molina Gabriel A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ingestion of foreign bodies is often found in clinical practice; however, intestinal perforation due to ingestion of foreign bodies is rare. Sharp and metallic objects are usually the ones that cause most complications. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult since the clinical presentation is vague and nonspecific presentation can simulate many abdominal pathologies. Patients are rarely aware of foreign body ingestion, and a high index of suspicion is required to make a timely diagnosis. In addition, treatment demands prompt surgery to avoid dangerous complications.
We present the case of a 19-year-old tailor; he inadvertently swallowed a needle and presented to the emergency department with a colonic perforation. Surgery was required, and he recovered completely.
Intraoperative ultrasound to aid resection of a peritorcular meningioma: a technical note
Authors: Rajwani Kapil Mohan , Lavrador Jose Pedro , Oviedova Anna , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Surgery for meningiomas involving dural venous sinuses is challenging. We describe a case of a peritorcular meningioma involving major venous sinuses, which was removed using a venous sparing approach with the aid of intraoperative ultrasound. We found ultrasound to be a useful adjunct as it enabled us to get real-time information about the location of venous structures, their function and demonstrate dynamic changes in blood flow during surgery.
The impact of pre-supernova feedback and its dependence on environment
Authors: McLeod Anna F , Ali Ahmad A , Chevance Mélanie , Della Bruna Lorenza , Schruba Andreas , Stevance Heloise F , Adamo Angela , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Longmore Steven N , Weisz Daniel R , Zeidler Peter 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Integral field units enable resolved studies of a large number of star-forming regions across entire nearby galaxies, providing insight on the conversion of gas into stars and the feedback from the emerging stellar populations over unprecedented dynamic ranges in terms of spatial scale, star-forming region properties, and environments. We use the Very Large Telescope (VLT) MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) legacy data set covering the central 35 arcmin2 (∼12 kpc2) of the nearby galaxy NGC 300 to quantify the effect of stellar feedback as a function of the local galactic environment. We extract spectra from emission line regions identified within dendrograms, combine emission line ratios and line widths to distinguish between ${\rm H\, \small {II}}$ regions, planetary nebulae, and supernova remnants, and compute their ionized gas properties, gas-phase oxygen abundances, and feedback-related pressure terms. For the ${\rm H\, \small {II}}$ regions, we find that the direct radiation pressure (Pdir) and the pressure of the ionized gas ($P_{{\rm H\, \small {II}}}$) weakly increase towards larger galactocentric radii, i.e. along the galaxy’s (negative) abundance and (positive) extinction gradients. While the increase of $P_{{\rm H\, \small {II}}}$ with galactocentric radius is likely due to higher photon fluxes from lower-metallicity stellar populations, we find that the increase of Pdir is likely driven by the combination of higher photon fluxes and enhanced dust content at larger galactocentric radii. In light of the above, we investigate the effect of increased pre-supernova feedback at larger galactocentric distances (lower metallicities and increased dust mass surface density) on the ISM, finding that supernovae at lower metallicities expand into lower-density environments, thereby enhancing the impact of supernova feedback.
Metal-enriched halo gas across galaxy overdensities over the last 10 billion years
Authors: Dutta Rajeshwari , Fumagalli Michele , Fossati Matteo , Bielby Richard M , Stott John P , Lofthouse Emma K , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Cullen Fergus , Crain Robert A , Tripp Todd M , Prochaska J Xavier , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Burchett Joseph N , Fynbo Johan P U , Murphy Michael T , Schaye Joop , Tejos Nicolas , Theuns Tom 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWe present a study of metal-enriched halo gas traced by Mg ii and C iv absorption at z &lt; 2 in the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies survey and the Quasar Sightline and Galaxy Evolution survey. Using these large and complete galaxy surveys in quasar fields, we study the dependence of the metal distribution on galaxy properties and overdensities, out to physical projected separations of 750 kpc. We find that the cool, low-ionization gas is significantly affected by the environment across the full redshift range probed, with ≈2–3 times more prevalent and stronger Mg ii absorption in higher overdensity group environments and in regions with greater overall stellar mass and star formation rates. Complementary to these results, we have further investigated the more highly ionized gas as traced by C iv absorption, and found that it is likely to be more extended than the Mg ii gas, with ≈2 times higher covering fraction at a given distance. We find that the strength and covering fraction of C iv absorption show less significant dependence on galaxy properties and environment than the Mg ii absorption, but more massive and star-forming galaxies nevertheless also show ≈2 times higher incidence of C iv absorption. The incidence of Mg ii and C iv absorption within the virial radius shows a tentative increase with redshift, being higher by a factor of ≈1.5 and ≈4, respectively, at z &gt; 1. It is clear from our results that environmental processes have a significant impact on the distribution of metals around galaxies and need to be fully accounted for when analysing correlations between gaseous haloes and galaxy properties.
Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters – III. NGC 288, NGC 362, and NGC 6218 (M12)
Authors: Gontcharov George A , Khovritchev Maxim Yu , Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Il’in Vladimir B , Marchuk Alexander A , Savchenko Sergey S , Smirnov Anton A , Usachev Pavel A , Poliakov Denis M 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present new isochrone fits to colour–magnitude diagrams of the Galactic globular clusters NGC 288, NGC 362, and NGC 6218 (M12). We utilize a lot of photometric bands from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared by use of data from the HST, Gaia, unWISE, Pan-STARRS, and other photometric sources. In our isochrone fitting, we use theoretical models and isochrones from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Program and Bag of Stellar Tracks and Isochrones for α-enhanced abundance [α/Fe] = +0.40, different helium abundances, and a metallicity of about [Fe/H] = −1.3 adopted from the literature. We derive the most probable distances 8.96 ± 0.05, 8.98 ± 0.06, and 5.04 ± 0.05 kpc, ages 13.5 ± 1.1, 11.0 ± 0.6, and 13.8 ± 1.1 Gyr, extinctions AV = 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.11 ± 0.04, and 0.63 ± 0.03 mag, and reddenings E(B − V) = 0.014 ± 0.010, 0.028 ± 0.011, and 0.189 ± 0.010 mag for NGC 288, NGC 362, and NGC 6218, respectively. The distance estimates from the different models are consistent, while those of age, extinction, and reddening are not. The uncertainties of age, extinction, and reddening are dominated by some intrinsic systematic differences between the models. However, the models agree in their relative age estimates: NGC 362 is 2.6 ± 0.5 Gyr younger than NGC 288 and 2.8 ± 0.5 Gyr younger than NGC 6218, confirming age as the second parameter for these clusters. We provide reliable lists of the cluster members and precise cluster proper motions from the Gaia Early Data Release 3.
The comprehensive interactomes of human adenosine RNA methyltransferases and demethylases reveal distinct functional and regulatory features
Authors: Covelo-Molares Helena , Obrdlik Ales , Poštulková Ivana , Dohnálková Michaela , Gregorová Pavlína , Ganji Ranjani , Potěšil David , Gawriyski Lisa , Varjosalo Markku , Vaňáčová Štěpánka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) are two abundant modifications found in mRNAs and ncRNAs that can regulate multiple aspects of RNA biology. They function mainly by regulating interactions with specific RNA-binding proteins. Both modifications are linked to development, disease and stress response. To date, three methyltransferases and two demethylases have been identified that modify adenosines in mammalian mRNAs. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the interactomes of these enzymes. PCIF1 protein network comprises mostly factors involved in nascent RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II, whereas ALKBH5 is closely linked with most aspects of pre-mRNA processing and mRNA export to the cytoplasm. METTL16 resides in subcellular compartments co-inhabited by several other RNA modifiers and processing factors. FTO interactome positions this demethylase at a crossroad between RNA transcription, RNA processing and DNA replication and repair. Altogether, these enzymes share limited spatial interactomes, pointing to specific molecular mechanisms of their regulation.
Impact of pre-graft serology on risk of BKPyV infection post-renal transplantation
Authors: Dakroub Fatima , Touzé Antoine , Sater Fadi Abdel , Fiore Toni , Morel Virginie , Tinez Claire , Helle François , François Catherine , Choukroun Gabriel , Presne Claire , Guillaume Nicolas , Duverlie Gilles , Castelain Sandrine , Akl Haidar , Brochot Etienne 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy is a troublesome disease caused by BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in immunocompromised renal graft recipients. There are no effective treatments available, making immunosuppression reduction the only management option. Thus, pre-graft predictive BKPyV replication markers are needed for identification of patients at high risk of viraemia.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study to assess the correlation between pre-transplantation BKPyV serostatus and post-transplantation incidence of BKPyV infection. Sera from 329 recipients and 222 matched donors were tested for anti-BKPyV antibodies against BKPyV serotypes I and IV by using a virus-like particle-based immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and BKPyV DNA load was monitored for at least 1 year post-transplantation.

Results
Eighty recipients were viruric and 59 recipients were viraemic post-transplantation. In the post-transplantation period, the probability of developing viraemia for serotype I increased from 4.3% for the D−/R+ group to 12.1% for the D+/R+ group, climbing to 37.5% for the D+/R− group (P &lt; 0.05). When calculating recipient mean titres for serotypes I and IV, we observed a clear difference in the proportions of viraemia, decreasing from 50% for mean titres &lt;400 to 13.5% for titres ≥400 (P &lt; 0.001), as well as a higher proportion of presumptive nephropathy (50% versus 23.1%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). In univariate analysis, this parameter had an odds ratio of 6.41 for the risk of developing post-transplantation BKPyV viraemia (95% confidence interval 3.16–13.07; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Determination of both donor and recipient BKPyV seropositivity before transplantation and antibody titre measurements may serve as a predictive tool to manage clinical BKPyV infection by identification of patients at high risk.
Approach to a patient with hypertensive urgency in the primary care setting
Authors: Benenson Irina , Bradshaw Molly J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Patients who present to an outpatient office with hypertensive urgency—or severely elevated BP without evidence of acute target organ damage—can be safely treated in the ambulatory setting by initiating or reestablishing long-acting oral antihypertensive medications, addressing medication nonadherence, and reviewing precipitating factors.
Initiative to Increase the Rate of Emergency Department Physician Preprocedure Time-out Documentation
Authors: Sarin Arjun , Sharma Nikita , Jain Shobhit 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
The preprocedure time-out is an important safety measure to verify patient identity and accuracy of a planned procedure. The time-out is an institutional and Joint Commission requirement. However, physicians in our emergency departments (EDs) document it inconsistently. We aimed to improve physician preprocedure time-out documentation for deep sedation (ketamine and/or propofol) from 75% to 90%, and separately for cutaneous abscess incision and drainage (I&D) from 94% to 98% by June 2020.

Methods:
We analyzed 1 year of baseline data and weekly electronic medical record (EMR) reports from November 2019 through June 2020. Our outcome measures were the rate of physician time-out documentation for deep sedation and I&D, respectively; our process measure was physician engagement. Our interventions included education, monthly reminders and updates, individualized feedback for insufficient documentation, EMR deep sedation, and I&D procedure note optimization, and academic and financial incentives. We used statistical process control chart quality improvement rules for discerning special versus common cause variation.

Results:
Physician documentation of a preprocedure time-out improved from 75% to 100% for deep sedation and from 94% to 99.3% for I&D. These improvements remained sustained. All physicians were eligible for the financial bonus, and 40 (63%) met Maintenance of Certification credit requirements.

Conclusions:
Using quality improvement methodology, we increased physician time-out documentation for deep sedation and I&D through education, feedback, and systems enhancement. We improved Joint Commission regulatory compliance and reduced potential harm through these safety checks. Future studies may quantify patient safety effects and examine the efficacy of similar interventions for other procedures.
Using a Communication Passport within a Multidisciplinary Genetics Clinic
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Brenner-Miller Diana , Cottrell Clorinda , Bress Joy , Torres Amy , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Multiple clinic models for Down syndrome exist; one model is the multidisciplinary, specialty clinic, such as the Massachusetts General Hospital Down Syndrome Program (MGH DSP).

Methods:
Intrateam communication was identified as an area for improvement. Our team developed an intervention, the Passport, a paper-based communication tool passed by parents between clinical teams who evaluated the same patients in different locations. Metrics included an electronic survey of parents and clinicians and tracking the frequency of Passport use. The analysis included the use of Statistical Process Control charts and rules.

Results:
The parental suggestions for communication-based interactions improved from 54% (32/60) to 17% (3/18) (P < 0.01). Communication scores within the MGH DSP team and between the team and parents were high at 86% and 96%, respectively. Overall satisfaction with the MGH DSP remained consistently high during our project, with a mean score of 6.49 out of 7. The MGH DSP team members reported communication scores with a mean of 85 out of 100.

Conclusions:
Implementation of a paper Passport tool incorporated parents in the real-time, intraclinic communication between our MGH DSP teams, leading to improved communication suggestions and high marks on the other metrics followed. Such a tool could be useful for other multidisciplinary clinics where team members evaluate the same patients at different locations on the same day.
Cost Effectiveness and Impact in Quality of Care of a Pediatric Multidisciplinary Stone Clinic
Authors: Ming Jessica M. , Lopes Roberto I. , Harvey Elizabeth A. , Chua Michael E. , Saunders Megan A. , Matsuda-Abedini Mina , Bägli Darius J. , Farhat Walid A. , Dos Santos Joana 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Herein, we assess the cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary clinic for children with urinary stones. The clinic’s primary goals were to decrease unnecessary visits, imaging, and costs while optimizing the quality of care.

Methods:
Between October 2012 and January 2016, children with complex stone disease, previously treated in urology and/or nephrology clinics, were seen at a triannual pediatric combined stone clinic. We compared the number and cost of ultrasounds, emergency room (ER) visits, and stone surgeries performed before and after each patient’s initial evaluation. All patients received satisfaction surveys.

Results:
Among the 79 patients, 27 were seen at least twice in the combined clinic and followed multiple times in either urology or nephrology clinics. The mean number of ER visits per patient per year significantly decreased from 0.29 ± 0.36 to 0.10 ± 0.15 (P = 0.002). The mean cost of ER visits went from CAD$ 23.44 ± 28.80 to CAD$ 4.14 ± 12.18 (P = 0.002). Likewise, the mean annual number and cost of stone-related surgeries significantly decreased [(0.38 ± 0.63 versus 0.20 ± 0.32 after the MSC started (P = 0.026) and mean annual cost of surgeries went from CAD$ 182.97 ± 301.49 to CAD$ 41.59 ± 110.97 (P = 0.022)]. Among the survey responses returned, 75% of families believed the clinic was time-saving.

Conclusions:
Despite a small sample size, the number of ER visits and stone-related operations significantly decreased after the initial combined clinic intervention. Longer-term data will hopefully confirm if the positive findings continue.