bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of case‐finding algorithms to identify prosthetic joint infections after total knee arthroplasty in Veterans Health Administration data
Authors: Weinstein Erica J. , Stephens‐Shields Alisa , Loabile Bogadi , Yuh Tiffany , Silibovsky Randi , Nelson Charles L. , O'Donnell Judith A. , Hsieh Evelyn , Hanberg Jennifer S. , Akgün Kathleen M. , Tate Janet P. , Lo Re Vincent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the positive predictive values (PPVs) of ICD‐9, ICD‐10, and current procedural terminology (CPT)‐based diagnostic coding algorithms to identify prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following knee arthroplasty (TKA) within the United States Veterans Health Administration.MethodsWe identified patients with: (1) hospital discharge ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 diagnosis of PJI, (2) ICD‐9, ICD‐10, or CPT procedure code for TKA prior to PJI diagnosis, (3) CPT code for knee X‐ray within ±90 days of the PJI diagnosis, and (4) at least 1 CPT code for arthrocentesis, arthrotomy, blood culture, or microbiologic procedure within ±90 days of the PJI diagnosis date. Separate samples of patients identified with the ICD‐9 and ICD‐10‐based PJI diagnoses were obtained, stratified by TKA procedure volume at each medical center. Medical records of sampled patients were reviewed by infectious disease clinicians to adjudicate PJI events. The PPV (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 PJI algorithms were calculated.ResultsAmong a sample of 80 patients meeting the ICD‐9 PJI algorithm, 60 (PPV 75.0%, [CI 64.1%–84.0%]) had confirmed PJI. Among 80 patients who met the ICD‐10 PJI algorithm, 68 (PPV 85.0%, [CI 75.3%–92.0%]) had a confirmed diagnosis.ConclusionsAn algorithm consisting of an ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 PJI diagnosis following a TKA code combined with CPT codes for a knee X‐ray and either a relevant surgical procedure or microbiologic culture yielded a PPV of 75.0% (ICD‐9) and 85.0% (ICD‐10), for confirmed PJI events and could be considered for use in future pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Treatment of patients with serious infections due to carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: How viable are the current options?
Authors: O'Donnell J. Nicholas , Putra Vibert , Lodise Thomas P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review critically appraises the published microbiologic and clinical data on the treatment of patients with carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Despite being recognized as an urgent threat pathogen by the CDC and WHO, optimal treatment of patients with serious CRAB infections remains ill‐defined. Few commercially available agents exhibit reliable in vitro activity against CRAB. Historically, polymyxins have been the most active agents in vitro, though interpretations of susceptibility data are difficult given issues surrounding MIC testing methodologies and lack of correlation between MICs and clinical outcomes. Most available preclinical and clinical data involve use of polymyxins, tetracyclines, and sulbactam, alone and in combination. As the number of viable treatment options is limited, combination therapy with a polymyxin is often used for patients with CRAB infections, despite the significant risk of nephrotoxicity. However, no treatment regimen has been found to reduce mortality, which exceeds 40% across most studies, or substantially improve clinical response. While some newer agents, such as eravacycline and cefiderocol, have demonstrated in vitro activity, clinical efficacy has not been fully established. New agents with clinically relevant activity against CRAB isolates and favorable toxicity profiles are sorely needed.
The association between urate‐lowering therapies and treatment‐related adverse events, liver damage, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): A network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Zhang Siliang , Xie Qiming , Xie Shuqing , Chen Jianwei , Deng Qingyue , Zhong Ling , Guo Jing , Yu Yuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeHyperuricemia is a common disease that may lead to gout, renal damage, and cardiovascular events. Oral medication is the main treatment for hyperuricemia patients when lifestyle intervention fails. An evaluation of the safety of various urate‐lowering therapies (ULTs) is integral to clinical decision‐making. We constructed a network meta‐analysis (NMA) to evaluate the safety of oral ULTs.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to April 1, 2021, for randomized controlled trials that examined the safety of ULTs. The language restriction was English. The three outcomes used to assess the safety of uric acid lowering medications were treatment‐related adverse events, liver damage, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsThirty‐two trials enrolling 23,868 individuals were included in the study. In terms of treatment‐related adverse events, there were no statistically significant differences between five uric acid lowering medications and placebo: allopurinol (risk ratio (RR): 1.08; 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.91, 1.29), febuxostat (RR: 1.05; 95% CrI: 0.89, 1.25), lesinurad (RR: 1.19; 95% CrI: 0.85, 1.67), lesinurad combined with xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI, RR: 1.05; 95% CrI: 0.83, 1.32), and topiroxostat (RR: 1.01; 95% CrI: 0.83, 1.23). Topiroxostat likely increases risk of liver damage (RR: 2.65; 95%CI: 1.24, 5.70; NNH: 33.40) as compared with placebo. With regard to MACE, there were no statistically significant differences between three uric acid lowering medications and placebo: allopurinol (RR: 0.63; 95% CrI: 0.36, 1.34), febuxostat (RR: 0.69; 95% CrI: 0.38, 1.66), and lesinurad combined with XOI (RR: 0.56; 95% CrI: 0.23, 1.85). The rankings of different interventions were depicted by cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).ConclusionsThrough NMA, we provide some evidence for the safety of ULTs. We found no statistically significant differences in their effects on treatment‐related adverse events and MACE. However, topiroxostat likely increases the risk of liver damage.
Effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan versus aldosterone antagonists in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Riaz Munaza , Smith Steven M. , Dietrich Eric A. , Pepine Carl J. , Park Haesuk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan versus angiotensin receptor antagonist therapy for prevention of heart failure (HF)‐related hospitalization and all‐cause hospitalization in a large cohort of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).DesignRetrospective cohort study.Data SourceIBM® MarketScan® research databases (2014–2018).PatientsPatients aged 18 years or older with their first HFrEF hospitalization on or after January 1, 2015, who initiated sacubitril/valsartan or angiotensin receptor antagonist after hospital discharge.InterventionSacubitril/Valsartan versus Angiotensin receptor antagonist.Measurements and Main ResultsThe index date was the first sacubitril/valsartan or angiotensin receptor antagonist fill date. After 1 up to 3 propensity score matching, Cox proportional hazards regression was used with robust variance estimators to compare HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations between treatments. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the main analysis. After propensity score matching, 1,088 sacubitril/valsartan and 2,839 angiotensin receptor antagonist new users were included. The crude incidence of HF‐related hospitalization was 13 per 100 person‐years for sacubitril/valsartan users and 18 per 100 person‐years for angiotensin receptor antagonist users. Compared with angiotensin receptor antagonist use, sacubitril/valsartan use was associated with 27% lower risk of HF‐related hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.91; p = 0.006) and 31% lower risk of all‐cause hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.79; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant heterogeneity, including subpopulations with chronic kidney disease or coronary artery disease.ConclusionsCompared with angiotensin receptor antagonists, sacubitril/valsartan was associated with lower risk of HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations. Our data suggest that, when added sequentially, sacubitril/valsartan should be the preferred initial agent over angiotensin receptor antagonists.
Four‐Dimensional Gravity on a Covariant Noncommutative Space (II)
Authors: Manolakos G. , Manousselis P. , Zoupanos G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBased on the construction of the 4‐dim noncommutative gravity model described in our previous work, first, a more extended description of the covariant noncommutative space (fuzzy 4‐dim de Sitter space), which accommodates the gravity model, is presented and then the corresponding field equations, which are obtained after variation of the previously proposed action, are extracted. Also, a spontaneous breaking of the initial symmetry is performed, this time induced by the introduction of an auxiliary scalar field, and its implications in the reduced theory, which is produced after considering the commutative limit, are examined.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Pyrazolone Appended Triarylmethanes (TRAMs)
Authors: Kshatriya Rajpratap , Shelke Premchand , Mali Suraj , Yashwantrao Gauravi , Pratap Amit , Saha Satyajit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present work describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of the anticancer properties of pyrazolone ring appended triarylmethanes by the condensation of diarylmethanols with pyrazolone in presence of a catalytic amount of p‐TSA catalyst. The use of an inexpensive catalyst and accessing the desired product in good yields within a short span are the merits associated with this protocol. Furthermore, the in‐silico, as well as in‐vitro analysis and molecular docking of the designed molecules, were performed followed by their anticancer activity evaluation against cancer cell lines like MCF7, MDA‐MB‐231, HeLa, and DU‐145. Few of the synthesized molecules demonstrated significant anticancer activity and could provide a new direction in the development of anti‐cancer molecules.
Reaction of Aroylpyrrolobenzothiazinetriones with Electron‐Rich Dienophiles
Authors: Khramtsova Ekaterina E. , Lystsova Ekaterina A. , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Maslivets Andrey N. , Jasiński Radomir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of synthetic protocols to small molecules with a complex 3D shape is a relevant problem for modern chemists because such molecules are required by drug discovery. The Diels‐Alder reaction is a good synthetic approach to complex three‐dimensional structures. In the present paper, a reaction of aroylpyrrolobenzothiazinetriones (oxa‐dienes) with electron‐rich dienophiles is investigated in order to reach novel alkaloid‐like pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrroles fused to a 1,4‐benzothiazine‐2‐one moiety. The studied reaction was found to proceed highly regioselectively. Its stereoselectivity was dramatically dependent on the reaction solvent. The experimental results are supplemented with computational studies, which demonstrate that the studied reaction proceeds via a one‐step polar mechanism. In addition, an improved synthesis of alkaloid‐like pentacyclic 6/6/5/6/5‐ and 6/6/5/6/6‐angularly fused pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrroles via an acid‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of Michael adducts to hetero‐Diels‐Alder cycloadducts was discovered. The synthesized alkaloid‐like heterocycles represent an interest to pharmaceutics, since their close analogs show significant antiviral activity.
Corporate directors' implicit theories of the roles and duties of boards
Authors: Boivie Steven , Withers Michael C. , Graffin Scott D. , Corley Kevin G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch summaryThe question of what boards do, or should do, has remained a central focus in governance research. Much of this research is based on explicit theories or empirical models that impose assumed behaviors onto boards—such as monitoring—that are thought to define their roles and duties. While these explicit perspectives have offered critical insights, we suggest it is time to consider directors' implicit beliefs of their roles and duties to understand their perspective of the board's overall role. We use a grounded theory approach to develop theoretical insights about directors' implicit views of their roles and duties. We integrate information learned from extensive interviews with active directors and executives and find that directors view themselves as strategic partners with their firms' executives.Managerial summaryHow do directors view their work on their boards? This remains a critical question for corporate governance researchers and practitioners alike. To help answer this question, we conducted extensive interviews with current directors and executives. Our analysis of these interviews suggests that directors view their CEOs as generally acting in the best interests of their firms. In turn, directors consider strategically collaborating with their CEOs as critical to their board service. Recognizing the unique perspectives that directors bring to the boardroom has important implications for governance practices directed toward ensuring overall board effectiveness.
Core–Shell MOF‐in‐MOF Nanopore Bifunctional Host of Electrolyte for High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Abdelmaoula Ahmed Eissa , Shu Jun , Cheng Yu , Xu Lin , Zhang Gang , Xia Yangyang , Tahir Muhammad , Wu Peijie , Mai Liqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolid‐state lithium‐ion batteries with high safety are the encouraging next‐generation rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices. Yet, low Li+ conductivity of solid electrolyte and instability of solid–solid interface are the key issues hampering the practicability of the solid electrolyte. In this research, core–shell MOF‐in‐MOF nanopores UIO‐66@67 are proposed as a unique bifunctional host of ionic liquid (IL) to fabricate core–shell ionic liquid–solid electrolyte (CSIL). In the current design of CSIL, the shell structure (UIO‐67) has a large pore size and a high specific surface area, boosting the absorption amount of ionic liquid electrolyte, thus increasing the ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, the core structure (UIO‐66) has a small pore size compared to the ionic liquid, which can confine the large ions, decreasing their mobility, and selectively boost the transport of Li+. The CSIL solid electrolyte exhibits considerable enhancement in the lithium transference number (tLi+) and ionic conductivity compared to the homogenous porous host (pure UIO‐66 and UIO‐67). Additionally, the Li|CSIL|Li symmetric batteries maintain a stable polarization of less than 28 mV for more than 1000 h at 1000 µA cm−2. Overall, the results demonstrate the concept of core–shell MOF‐in‐MOF nanopores as a promising bifunctional host of electrolytes for solid‐state or quasi‐solid‐state rechargeable batteries.
Anchorage and lap capacity of square twisted reinforcement for assessment of existing structures
Authors: Cairns John , Feldman Lisa , Palmisano Fabrizio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough square twisted section reinforcement is no longer used in new construction, there remain many older structures still in service that were built with such bars. The increasing need for assessment of existing construction means there remains a continuing need for information on performance over older types of reinforcement. Research into plain surface bars essentially ceased when ribbed bars became the norm, and plain bars have consequently been bypassed in developments in understanding of bond since 1960. The basis through which margins of safety are introduced for design has also changed as formal methods for analysis of reliability have developed. An analysis of test data on bond of square twisted bars, also termed Type 1 deformed or Ransome type bars is presented, and a new semi‐empirical formulation for anchorage capacity of straight square twisted bars in R.C. structures consistent with the reliability‐based approach included in the forthcoming second generation of Eurocodes is derived. The expression parallels that for ribbed bars in the fib Model Code 2010. A comparison with provisions of some historical international design codes suggests that in some cases the margin of safety against failure of straight plain bar anchorages may have been lower than would be required by current norms. Implications for practice are briefly discussed.
Noise mitigation in 12‐to‐5 V DC‐DC converter using an embedded metal layout strategy
Authors: Jung Dong Yun , Jang Hyun Gyu , Kwon Sungkyu , Cho Doohyung , Park Kun Sik , Lim Jong‐Won , Lee Yong Ha 
Published: June 2021

We propose a 12‐to‐5 V DC‐DC converter using a low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC)‐based multi‐layer circuit technology. The converter using seven‐layer LTCC includes an embedded metal layout strategy to achieve noise mitigation. The measured efficiency and maximum output ripple noise of the proposed converter prototype were 96.18% and 73.75 mVpp, respectively. From the result of electromagnetic interference test, the proposed converter satisfied the IEC61000‐6‐3 Class B standard. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sequencing the USDA core soybean collection reveals gene loss during domestication and breeding
Authors: Bayer Philipp E. , Valliyodan Babu , Hu Haifei , Marsh Jacob I. , Yuan Yuxuan , Vuong Tri D. , Patil Gunvant , Song Qijian , Batley Jacqueline , Varshney Rajeev K. , Lam Hon‐Ming , Edwards David , Nguyen Henry T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe gene content of plants varies between individuals of the same species due to gene presence/absence variation, and selection can alter the frequency of specific genes in a population. Selection during domestication and breeding will modify the genomic landscape, though the nature of these modifications is only understood for specific genes or on a more general level (e.g., by a loss of genetic diversity). Here we have assembled and analyzed a soybean (Glycine spp.) pangenome representing more than 1,000 soybean accessions derived from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection, including both wild and cultivated lineages, to assess genomewide changes in gene and allele frequency during domestication and breeding. We identified 3,765 genes that are absent from the Lee reference genome assembly and assessed the presence/absence of all genes across this population. In addition to a loss of genetic diversity, we found a significant reduction in the average number of protein‐coding genes per individual during domestication and subsequent breeding, though with some genes and allelic variants increasing in frequency associated with selection for agronomic traits. This analysis provides a genomic perspective of domestication and breeding in this important oilseed crop.
Using Tetracycline to Evaluate Age Estimation in a Long‐Lived Aquatic Mammal
Authors: Lonati Gina L. , Howell Amber R. , Schueller Paul , Deutsch Charles J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAge estimation is useful for understanding population parameters and, in many vertebrates, relies on the principle that growth layer groups (GLGs) are deposited annually in specific tissues. In Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), GLGs in earbones are used to estimate age at death. Opportunities to validate the rate of GLG deposition in earbones from manatees >15 years old are rare, yet important for ensuring accurate age estimation across the species’ lifespan. Tetracycline injection is a useful method for validating GLG interpretations, particularly when the exact age of an animal is unknown. Since 1997, we collected earbones from 10 manatees that were ≥13–69 years old at death and had been injected with tetracycline 9–37 years before death. The number of years since injection (YSI) was estimated by photographing earbone cross‐sections under ultraviolet light, measuring the distance between the fluorescent tetracycline mark and earbone edge, processing the earbones to visualize GLGs, superimposing the distance to evaluate the marks’ locations relative to GLGs, and counting the GLGs between the mark and earbone edge. Seven earbones had tetracycline marks, although 2 of the marks were dull or discontinuous. On average, estimated YSI was 5.6 (SD = 7.5) years less than the known YSI; however, the error was nearly always ≤2 years for manatees that had been injected <20 years before death, consistent with an annual rate of GLG deposition at younger ages. Resorption (i.e., bone turnover) that obliterated GLGs was likely why YSI was underestimated in old manatees with longer post‐injection intervals, although we cannot exclude the possibility that GLG deposition rate may slow in old age. We discuss how age, extrinsic stressors, life history events, and laboratory processing may affect tetracycline visibility, earbone growth, and GLG interpretation. Our study reinforces the challenges with accurately estimating the age of old individuals in long‐lived mammalian species. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Bootstrapping the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Wess-Zumino models in three dimensions
Authors: Rong Junchen , Su Ning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using numerical bootstrap method, we determine the critical exponents of the minimal three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Wess-Zumino models with cubic superpotetential $$ \mathcal{W}\sim {d}_{ijk}{\Phi}^i{\Phi}^j{\Phi}^k $$
W
∼

d
ijk

Φ
i

Φ
j

Φ
k

. The tensor dijk is taken to be the invariant tensor of either permutation group SN, special unitary group SU(N), or a series of groups called F4 family of Lie groups. Due to the equation of motion, at the Wess-Zumino fixed point, the operator dijkΦjΦk is a (super)descendant of Φi. We observe such super-multiplet recombination in numerical bootstrap, which allows us to determine the scaling dimension of the super-field ∆Φ.
Bootstrapping the minimal $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 superconformal field theory in three dimensions
Authors: Rong Junchen , Su Ning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We develop the numerical bootstrap technique to study the 2 + 1 dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal field theories (SCFTs). When applied to the minimal $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFT, it allows us to determine its critical exponents to high precision. This model was argued in [1] to describe a quantum critical point (QCP) at the boundary of a 3 + 1D topological superconductor. More interestingly, this QCP can be reached by tuning a single parameter, where supersymmetry (SUSY) is realized as an emergent symmetry. We show that the emergent SUSY condition also plays an essential role in bootstrapping this SCFT. But performing a “two-sided” Padé re-summation of the large N expansion series, we calculate the critical exponents for Gross-Neveu-Yukawa models at N =4 and N =8.