bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Machine Learning Approaches on Real-Time Apartment Prices in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Authors: Peng Ti-Ching , Wang Chun-Chieh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe widely applied hedonic regression approach for the relationship between property prices and housing attributes is subject to assumptions and specifications of models as well as the availability and content of second-hand official data. In a cross-disciplinary spirit, this study employs machine learning techniques to examine hedonic apartment prices in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area of Japan based on online sales data extracted by web-parsing technology. With 14,579 apartment observations, two machine learning regressions—decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF)—are compared to conventional ordinary least squares regression (OLS) for hedonic modelling. Empirical results demonstrated that RF regressions led to the highest accuracy in model prediction performance, followed by DT and OLS. The comparison with results across models revealed that the housing features that have consistent influences on apartment prices tend to be those associated with living quality (including management funds, repair fund fees, floor size, located floor, total floor of the building, and location in Tokyo). Other commonly appreciated features, such as southward orientation or corner-lot location, did not demonstrate importance, possibly due to changes in residents’ preferences. In this big-data era, the adaptation of real-time data and machine learning approaches should add value to the variable selection process and model performance.
Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of theCrematogaster scutellarisgroup (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)
Authors: Ward Philip S , Blaimer Bonnie B 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the species-level taxonomy and evolutionary history of Nearctic ants in the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), drawing on evidence from morphology and UCE (ultraconserved element) phylogenomics. The New World species in this group form a well-supported clade that originated in the Late Miocene (~7.3 Mya) and subsequently diverged into three major lineages: the C. coarctata clade (south-western Nearctic), the C. opaca clade (south-western Nearctic and northern Neotropics) and the C. lineolata clade (eastern Nearctic and Caribbean, with four isolated south-west endemics). We hypothesize trans-Beringian dispersal into the New World, west-to-east movement within North America and restriction of mesophilic species to the east with increasing aridification of the west. The ancestral nesting behaviour of these ants is inferred to be ground-dwelling, and this is still the predominant condition in the arid west, whereas most species in the eastern United States are arboreal. We resurrect from synonymy nine species and describe three new species: C. detecta sp. nov. (from Nevada), C. parapilosa sp. nov. (Florida) and C. vetusta sp. nov. (Arizona). We provide a worker-based key to the 34 species of Crematogaster occurring in America north of Mexico, but emphasize that there are still ongoing taxonomic issues that need to be resolved.
Incorporating Early Palliative Medicine Consultation Into Daily Morning Huddle in the ICU
Authors: Babar Arslan , Eilenfeld Katherine , Alqaisi Sura , MohamedElfadil Mahmoud , Al-Jaghbeer Mohammed J. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Early palliative medicine consult in the ICU can significantly improve outcomes in high-risk patients. We describe a pilot study of including a recommendation for palliative medicine consult in the ICU morning huddle.

DESIGN:
A prospective, observational, quality improvement study.

PATIENTS AND SETTING:
Adult patients (age above 18 yr) admitted with cardiac arrest, stage IV cancer, admission from a long-term acute care facility, and circulatory shock on mechanical ventilation to the medical ICU.

INTERVENTIONS:
We aim to assess the effect of an early palliative medicine consultation in selected high-risk patients on change in code status, referral to hospice, tracheostomy, and or percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
There were 83 patients who triggered an early palliative medicine consult. Palliative medicine consultation occurred in 44 patients (53%); 23 patients (28%) had a palliative medicine consult within the first 48 hours, 21 (25%) had a palliative medicine consult afterwards. There was a significantly higher number of patients who de-escalated their code status in the palliative medicine consult group compared with the no palliative medicine consult group (63.6% vs 7.7%); however, the number was higher in the late palliative medicine consult group (71.4% vs 56.5%). There were more patients referred to hospice in the palliative medicine consult group. No difference in length of stay was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early palliative medicine consultation in the daily ICU morning huddle is achievable, can produce a palliative medicine consultation in most cases, and results in a significant change in code status toward less aggressive measures.
Psychological Symptoms in Relatives of Critically Ill Patients: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: de Ridder Carin , Zegers Marieke , Jagernath Danny , Brunnekreef Gert , van den Boogaard Mark 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To explore the psychologic impact of an ICU stay on relatives and to determine patient and relative factors, including their pre-ICU mental health status, associated with psychologic symptoms 3 months after ICU admission.

DESIGN:
A prospective, exploratory, longitudinal cohort study.

SETTING:
A 12-bed ICU in a Dutch tertiary teaching hospital.

PATIENTS:
The relatives of ICU patients admitted between March 2018 and December 2019.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Relatives completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale shortly after patients’ ICU admission referring to the week before ICU admission and 3 months later, together with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, assessing posttraumatic stress. A total of 387 were eligible of which 78 (20%) responded. Almost a quarter reported an increase of anxiety (23.1%) and depression (24.4%) between baseline and 3 months follow-up. One in six (17.9%) reported posttraumatic stress. Anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress at 3 months follow-up were significantly associated with preexisting anxiety and depression. Patients’ factor associated with depression 3 months follow-up in relatives was length of ICU stay (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16).

CONCLUSIONS:
Relatives with preexisting psychologic symptoms before ICU admission are at risk to develop anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress shortly after ICU discharge of the patient. Screening and identification in an early stage enables early interventions to prevent relatives from worsening mental health during and after ICU admission.
Native Spleen Preservation During Visceral Transplantation Inhibits Graft-Versus-Host-Disease Development
Authors: Stringa Pablo , Papa-Gobbi Rodrigo , Vela María , Gentilini María Virginia , Machuca Mariana , Klin Pablo , Arreola Nidia M. , Serradilla Javier , Bueno Alba , Andrés Ane M. , Ramos Esther , Alcolea Alida , Pérez-Martínez Antonio , Prieto Gerardo , López-Santamaría Manuel , Gondolesi Gabriel , Rumbo Martín , Hernández Francisco 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
We aimed to assess whether native spleen preservation during visceral transplantation (VT) affects graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) incidence.

Summary Background Data:
GVHD is one of the most severe and frequently lethal hematological complications after VT procedures. Because there is no specific treatment for GVHD, it is imperative to develop a strategy to reduce donor lymphocyte engraftment and proliferation.

Methods:
Our study included both clinical and experimental data. A total of 108 patients were divided into 3 groups: a native spleen preservation group, a native spleen removal with no donor spleen group, and a donor spleen included (allogeneic spleen) group. We also used an allogeneic VT rat model, in which recipients were divided into 2 groups: a native spleen preservation (+SP) group and a native spleen removal (−S) group. Skin rash appearance, histopathological changes, chimerism, and spleen effects on circulating allogeneic T-cells were assessed.

Results:
The patients with native spleen preservation showed a lower rate of GVHD (P<.001) and better survival (P<.05) than those in the other groups. Skin and histological signs of GVHD were lower in the rats in the +SP group (P<.05). The donor T-cell frequency in the bloodstream and skin was also significantly reduced when the native spleen was preserved (P<.01 and P<.0001, respectively).

Conclusions:
The clinical and experimental data indicate that recipient spleen preservation protects against GVHD after VT, and donor cell clearance from the bloodstream by spleen macrophages could be the underlying mechanism. Therefore, spleen preservation should be considered in VT procedures, whenever possible.
The serological diversity of serum IgG/IgA/IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein, spike, and receptor-binding domain and neutralizing antibodies in patients with COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Yudai , Sugiyama Akira , Tanaka Toshiya , Fukui Kazushige , Taguchi Akashi , Nakayama Aya , Koga Kazumasa , Kishi Yoshiro , Daming Wang , Qian Chungen , Xia Fuzhen , He Fan , Zheng Liang , Yu Yi , Wada Youichiro , Wada Yoshiaki , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Kawamura Takeshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the temporal changes of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein, S1 subunit, and receptor binding domain and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA total of five patients in Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan confirmed COVID-19 from August 8, 2020 to August 14, 2020 were investigated. Serum samples were acquired multiple times from 0 to 76 days after symptom onset. Using a fully automated CLIA analyzer, we measured the levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 N, S1, and RBD and NAbs against SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe levels of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins increased over time in all cases but IgM and IgA levels against SARS-CoV-2 showed different increasing trends among individuals in the early stage. In particular, we observed IgA antibodies increasing before IgG and IgM in 3/5 cases. The NAb levels against SARS-CoV-2 increased and kept above 10 AU/mL more than around 70 days after symptom onset in all cases. Furthermore, in the early stage, NAb levels were more than cut off value in 4/5 COVID-19 patients some of whose antibodies against RBD didn’t exceed 10 AU/mL.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that patients with COVID-19 should be examined for IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins and NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in addition to conventional antibody testing methods for SARS-CoV-2 (IgG and IgM kits) to analyze the diversity of patients’ immune mechanisms.
Socioeconomic position and SARS-CoV-2 infections: seroepidemiological findings from a German nationwide dynamic cohort
Authors: Hoebel Jens , Grabka Markus M. , Schröder Carsten , Haller Sebastian , Neuhauser Hannelore , Wachtler Benjamin , Schaade Lars , Liebig Stefan , Hövener Claudia , Zinn Sabine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and infections with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is still limited as most of the available studies are ecological in nature. This is the first German nationwide study to examine differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections according to SEP at the individual level.MethodsThe ‘CORONA-MONITORING bundesweit’ (RKI-SOEP) study is a seroepidemiological survey among a dynamic cohort of the German adult population (n=15,122; October 2020 – February 2021). Dried blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and oral-nasal swabs for viral RNA. SEP was measured by education and income. Robust logistic regression was used to examine adjusted associations of SARS-CoV-2 infections with SEP.Results288 participants were seropositive, PCR-positive, or self-reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adjusted odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 1.87-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.06-3.29) higher among low-educated than highly educated adults. Evidence was weaker for income differences in infections (odds ratio=1.65; 95% CI=0.89-3.05). Highly educated adults had lower odds of undetected infection.ConclusionThe results indicate an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in low-educated groups. To promote health equity in the pandemic and beyond, social determinants should be addressed more in infection protection and pandemic planning.
Meta-Analytic Evidence of Depression and Anxiety in Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhang Stephen X. , Miller Saylor O. , Xu Wen , Yin Allen , Chen Bryan Z. , Delios Andrew , Dong Rebecca Kechen , Chen Richard Z. , McIntyre Roger S. , Wan Xue , Wang Senhu , Chen Jiyao 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo perform a systematic and meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms including anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Eastern Europe, as well as three select sub-populations: students, general healthcare workers, and frontline healthcare workers.Data sourcesStudies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Psycinfo, and medRxiv up to February 6, 2021.Eligibility criteria and data analysisPrevalence rates of mental health symptoms in the general population and key sub-populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Europe. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence rates of anxiety and depression.ResultsThe meta-analysis identifies and includes 21 studies and 26 independent samples in Eastern Europe. Poland (n=4), Serbia (n=4), Russia (n=3), and Croatia (n=3) had the greatest number of studies. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in eleven Eastern European countries including Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in 18 studies with 22 samples was 30% (95% CI: 24% – 37%) and pooled prevalence of depression in 18 studies with 23 samples was 27% (95% CI: 21% – 34%).ImplicationsThe cumulative evidence from the meta-analysis reveals high prevalence rates of clinically significant symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Europe. The findings suggest evidence of a potential mental health crisis in Eastern Europe during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our synthesis also reveals a relative lack of studies in certain Eastern European countries as well as high heterogeneities among the existing studies, calling for more effort to achieve evidence-based mental healthcare in Eastern Europe.HighlightsThe pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression were 30% and 27% in Eastern Europe, respectively.Trial registrationCRD42020224458
Interpretable gender classification from retinal fundus images using BagNets
Authors: Ilanchezian Indu , Kobak Dmitry , Faber Hanna , Ziemssen Focke , Berens Philipp , Ayhan Murat Seçkin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) are able to predict a person’s gender from retinal fundus images with high accuracy, even though this task is usually considered hardly possible by ophthalmologists. Therefore, it has been an open question which features allow reliable discrimination between male and female fundus images. To study this question, we used a particular DNN architecture called BagNet, which extracts local features from small image patches and then averages the class evidence across all patches. The BagNet performed on par with the more sophisticated Inception-v3 model, showing that the gender information can be read out from local features alone. BagNets also naturally provide saliency maps, which we used to highlight the most informative patches in fundus images. We found that most evidence was provided by patches from the optic disc and the macula, with patches from the optic disc providing mostly male and patches from the macula providing mostly female evidence. Although further research is needed to clarify the exact nature of this evidence, our results suggest that there are localized structural differences in fundus images between genders. Overall, we believe that BagNets may provide a compelling alternative to the standard DNN architectures also in other medical image analysis tasks, as they do not require post-hoc explainability methods.
The tumor suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli regulates T lymphocyte migration. Insights from familial polyposis patients
Authors: Mastrogiovanni Marta , Vargas Pablo , Rose Thierry , Cuche Céline , Juzans Marie , Esposito Elric , Laude Hélène , Renaudat Charlotte , Ungeheuer Marie-Noëlle , Delon Jérôme , Alcover Andrés , Di Bartolo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a tumor suppressor whose mutations underlie familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and colorectal cancer. Although its role in intestinal epithelial cells is well characterized, APC importance for anti-tumor immunity is ill defined. APC regulates cytoskeleton organization, cell polarity and migration in various cells types. Here we address whether APC plays a role in T lymphocyte migration, a key step of anti-tumor immune responses.Using a series of cell biology tools, we demonstrated that T cells from FAP patients carrying APC mutations display adhesion and migration defects. Concomitantly, they presented lower expression of the integrin VLA-4. To further dissect the cellular mechanisms underpinning these defects, we depleted APC in the CEM T cell line. We found that APC is critical not only for VLA-4-dependent adhesion but also for actomyosin and microtubule organization in migrating T cells. Finally, APC-silenced CEM cells preferentially adopt an ameboid-like migration featuring unstructured pseudopodia and blebbing.These findings underscore a role of APC in T cell migration via modulation of integrin-dependent adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization. Hence, APC mutations in FAP patients not only drive intestinal neoplasms, but also impair T cell migration, potentially leading to inefficient T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.
Using deep learning to predict brain age from brain magnetic resonance images and cognitive tests reveals that anatomical and functional brain aging are phenotypically and genetically distinct
Authors: Goallec Alan Le , Diai Samuel , Collin Sasha , Vincent Théo , Patel Chirag J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the world population aging, the prevalence of age-related brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Lou Gehrig’s, and cerebrovascular diseases. In the following, we built brain age predictors by leveraging 46,000 brain magnetic resonance images [MRIs] and cognitive tests from UK Biobank participants. We predicted age with a R-Squared [R2] of 76.4±1.0% and a root mean squared error of 3.58±0.05 years and identified the features driving the prediction using attention maps. We defined accelerated brain aging as the difference between brain age (predicted age) and age. Accelerated brain aging is partially heritable (h_g2=35.9±2.6%), and is associated with 219 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in 25 genes (e.g CRHR1, involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway). Similarly, it is associated with biomarkers (e.g blood pressure), clinical phenotypes (e.g general health), diseases (e.g diabetes), environmental (e.g smoking) and socioeconomic variables (e.g income and education). We performed the same analysis, this time distinguishing between anatomical (MRI-based) and functional (cognitive tests-based) brain aging. We found the two accelerated aging phenotypes to be phenotypically .112±.006 correlated and genetically uncorrelated, with distinct SNPs and non-genetic factors associated with each. In conclusion, anatomical and functional brain aging are two distinct, complex phenotypes, which also differ in their genetic and non-genetic factors. Our brain predictors could be used to monitor the effects of emerging rejuvenating therapies on the brain.
A tool to distinguish viral from bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Tagarro Alfredo , Moraleda Cinta , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Rodríguez Mario , Dolores Martín María , Luisa Herreros María , Folgueira María Dolores , Pérez-Rivilla Alfredo , Jensen Julia , López Agustín , Berzosa Arantxa , de Santaeufemia Francisco José Sanz , Jiménez Ana Belén , Sainz Talía , Llorente Marta , Garrote Elisa , Muñoz Cristina , Sánchez Paula , Santos Mar , Illán Marta , Barrios Ana , Pacheco Mónica , Corral Raquel Ramos , Arquero Carmen , Bernardino María , Prieto Luis , Gutiérrez Lourdes , Epalza Cristina , Rojo Pablo , Oviedo Lidia , Serna-Pascual Miquel , Soto Beatriz , Guillén Sara , Molina David , Martín Elvira , Vázquez Carmen , Gerig Natalia , Calvo Cristina , Pilar Romero María , Imaz Manuel , Cañete Alfonso , Ramos José-Tomás , Galán Juan Carlos , Otheo Enrique 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesEstablishing the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children at admission is challenging. As a result, most children receive antibiotics that do not need.This study aims to build and validate a diagnostic tool combining clinical, analytical and radiographical features to sequentially differentiate viral from bacterial CAP, and among bacterial CAP, typical from atypical bacteria, to improve choice of treatment.MethodsConsecutive hospitalized children between 1 month and 16 years of age with CAP were enrolled. An extensive microbiological workup was performed. A score was built with a training set of 70% patients, to first differentiate between viral and bacterial CAP and secondly, typical from atypical bacterial CAP. To select variables, a Ridge model was used. Optimal cut-off points were selected to maximize specificity setting a high sensitivity (80%). Weights of each variable were calculated with a multivariable logistic regression. The score was validated with the rest of the participants.ResultsIn total, 262 (53%) children (median age, 2 years, 52.3% male) had an etiological diagnosis.The step 1 discriminates viral from bacterial CAP. Bacterial CAPs were classified with a sensitivity=97%, a specificity=48%, and a ROC’s area under the curve (AUC)=0.81. If a CAP was classificated as bacterial, it was assessed with step 2. The step 2 differentiates typical vs. atypical bacterial CAP. Typical bacteria were classified with a sensitivity=100%, a specificity=64%, and AUC=0.90.ConclusionThis two-steps tool can facilitate the physician’s decision to prescribe antibiotics without compromising patient safety.Article summaryWe validated a clinical tool to predict the aetiology of CAP in children safely. This tool differentiates CAP into viral, atypical bacteria and typical bacteria.“What’s Known on This Subject”Establishing the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children at admission is challenging. As a result, most admitted children with CAP receive antibiotics.“What This Study Adds”We validated a clinical tool to predict the aetiology of pneumonia in children safely, differentiating among viral, atypical bacteria and typical bacteria.