bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury through Ischemia and Reperfusion in a Combined Human Renal Proximal Tubule/Blood Vessel-on-a-Chip
Authors: Vormann Marianne K. , Tool Laura M. , Ohbuchi Masato , Gijzen Linda , van Vught Remko , Hankemeier Thomas , Kiyonaga Fumiko , Kawabe Tetsuhiro , Goto Takayuki , Fujimori Akira , Vulto Paul , Lanz Henriette L. , Tetsuka Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Key Points

We set up an in vitro proximal tubule model that can capture acute kidney damage after an ischemic event.We showed the renoprotective effect of adenosine in an in vitro AKI/rIRI on-a-chip model.We showed a robust model for AKI/rIRI that can be used for high-throughput testing.

Background
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (rIRI) is one of the major causes of AKI. Although animal models are suitable for investigating systemic symptoms of AKI, they are limited in translatability. Human in vitro models are crucial in giving mechanistic insights into rIRI; however, they miss out on crucial aspects such as reperfusion injury and the multitissue aspect of AKI.

Methods
We advanced the current renal proximal tubule-on-a-chip model to a coculture model with a perfused endothelial vessel separated by an extracellular matrix. The coculture was characterized for its three-dimensional structure, protein expression, and response to nephrotoxins. Then, rIRI was captured through control of oxygen levels, nutrient availability, and perfusion flow settings. Injury was quantified through morphologic assessment, caspase-3/7 activation, and cell viability.

Results
The combination of low oxygen, reduced glucose, and interrupted flow was potent to disturb the proximal tubules. This effect was strongly amplified upon reperfusion. Endothelial vessels were less sensitive to the ischemia–reperfusion parameters. Adenosine treatment showed a protective effect on the disruption of the epithelium and on the caspase-3/7 activation.

Conclusions
A human in vitro rIRI model was developed using a coculture of a proximal tubule and blood vessel on-a-chip, which was used to characterize the renoprotective effect of adenosine. The robustness of the model and assays in combination with the throughput of the platform make it ideal to advance pathophysiological research and enable the development of novel therapeutic modalities.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Daring Mahasiswa Dimasa Covid 19 Dalam Tugas Mempelajari Dan Menghafal Ayat-Ayat Alquran
Authors: Hasan Bashori , Habib Muhammad , Utami Cindy Mutiara , Andani Devania Agelita 
Published: November 2021

Pandemi Covid 19 menyebar sejak akhir tahun 2019 hingga kini di beberapa wilayah dengan kasus yang berbeda, terhitung 193 negara berjuang dengan keras untuk melawan covid yang tidak pandang bulu. Wuhan adalah salah satu kota di China sebagai tempat pertama kali virus ditemukan, sebelum virus ini lalu berstatus pandemi. Tentu sangat berpengaruh terhadap sosial ekonomi, khususnya bidang pendidikan, pelaksanaan sistem pembelajaran pada satuan pendidikan mengalami perubahan bentuk operasional yaitu intruksi social distancing, hingga berujung pada himbauan lockdown , sehingga model pembelajaran hampir di seluruh Indonesia dengan Model daring mulai daari lembaga pendidikan hingga Instansi Pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode diskrptif kualitatif karena jauh lebih subyektif dalam pembelajaran daring di Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta yang diputuskan pembeljaran dari rumah. Subyek terdiri dari 2 dosen dan 2 mahasiswa Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta. Dengan aplikasi E-Learning UDB, Zoom, Google Meet, Whatsap, vidio call email dll, walaupun terdapat beberapa kendala diantaranya, sinyal internet, kuota , serta tidak bisa bertanya kepada dosen dengan leluasa.
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN AKUNTANSI SECARA DARING DI SMAK “X”
Authors: Budianto Tedjasuskmana  , Lindrawati  , Marini Purwanto  , Dian Purnama Sari  
Published: November 2021

Kegiatan pembelajaran daring adalah kegiatan proses belajar mengajar yang dilakukan pada saat ini diatur oleh kebijakan Pemerintah dalam rangka menghindari wabah COVID-19 yang sedang melanda pada masyarakat di Indonesia dan di seluruh dunia. Namun, pembelajaran daring sendiri masih menuai pro dan kontra karena dirasa belum mampu diserap secara penuh oleh para siswa didik. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pembelajaran daring di sebuah SMAK melalui media google meet serta memberikan kuis melalui media google form. Setelah seluruh proses dilaksanakan, para siswa mengisi kuisioner sehingga dapat mengukur efektivitas pembelajaran daring yang dilakukan. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa memang lebih merasa mudah memahami materi melalui sistem pembelajaran tatap muka, meskipun dalam pembelajaran daring lebih dari 30% siswa masih dapat memahami materi dengan baik. Para siswa masih membutuhkan motivasi belajar sehingga guru mungkin dapat memberikan materi dengan lebih banyak variasi.Kata kunci— Pembelajaran Daring, Akuntansi, Motivasi Belajar
Online learning activities are teaching and learning process activities that are currently being regulated by Government policies in order to avoid the COVID-19 outbreak that is currently hitting people in Indonesia and around the world. However, online learning itselfstill reaps pros and cons because students feel that they are not fully absorbed by students. This community service activity is carried out by providing online learning at a high school through google meet media as well as providing quizzes via google form media. Afterthe whole process was carried out, the students filled out a questionnaire so that they could measure the effectiveness of the online learning that was being carried out. The results of this community service activity show that students really find it easier to understand the material through the face-to-face learning system, although in online learning more than 30% of students can still understand the material well. Students still need motivation to learn so that teachers may be able to provide material with more variety.Keywords—Effectivity, Online Learning, Accounting, Motivation to Learn
VERTICAL TYPE OF SCYTHIAN CATACOMBS OF THE 5th—4th CEN¬TURY BC IN THE NORTHERN PONTIC STEPPE
Authors: Polin S. V. , Daragan M. N. 
Published: November 2021

The vertical type of catacomb graves unusual for Scythian funeral practises is discussed in the paper. If numerous types of Scythian catacombs and their subcategories in the Northern Pontic Region have the vertical-horizontal layout, where the entrance pit has the vertical-horizontal layout, and the dromos and the connected catacomb have exclusively horizontal layout, the burials under discussion have only the vertical layout. The oval entrance pit to these small burials is located directly above the large oval or sub-rectangular chamber. From our viewpoint in these cases we have the catacombs of fundamentally different construction which we term the «vertical type» of Scythian catacombs. Only 25 vertical-catacomb burials have been discovered so far. Taking into account the total number of about 4500 burials dated to the 5th—4th cent. BC discovered in the steppe region, the infrequence of this type of burial type constituting only 0.6 % of the total number of burials becomes quite obvious. Eleven burials are concentrated in the Lower Dnieper region, whereas one is located in the Lower Dniester region and thirteen in the Crimea. This type of catacombs belonges to the common population, the females and children burials predominate, males grave are very few. This type of burials appears in the Crimea in the first half of the 5th cent. BC and no later than the end of 5th — beginning of 4th cent. BC appears in the Lower Dnieper region. For most of the 4th cent. BC exists both in the Crimea and in the Lower Dnieper region. During the almost whole 4th cent. BC such graves exist both in the Crimea and in the Lower Dnieper region. Apparently, the group of Crimean Scythians who practiced the burial rite in vertical catacombs, to the beginning of the 4th cent. BC has completely developed the stable route of seasonal migrations of the circulation type in the meridional direction.
KURGAN BURIAL GROUND OF THE SCYTHIAN TIME «DERGACHI»
Authors: Pelyashenko K. Yu. 
Published: November 2021

The kurgan mound is located on the edge of the right root bank of the river. Lopan (basin of the Seversky Donets river), near the Dergachi city, Kharkiv region. Now the barrow ground has 32 mounds, although at the beginning of the twentieth century had 60—70 kurgans. The first excavations of the cemetery were carried out in 1903 E. P. Trefiliev who had excavated 10 mounds. The collection of artifacts has not survived up today, and the publication of the results contains brief generalizing characteristics of the burial assemblages. For a long time the exact location of the kurgan burial was unknown, and only recently, during the archaeological exploration, the archaeological site was localized. In 2018—2019 the excavations of the site was resumed. 7 burial mounds were discovered where 6 graves of the Scythian Age were revealed. Burials were not discovered under two mounds, and two one-time burials were found under the one barrow. The obtained data make it possible to reconstruct the funeral rite. Burials were carried out under mounds of small diameter and height. Among the designs of the burial chamber stand out: soil pits, wooden crypts in pits, a pit with shoulders. All burial chambers are directed along the southwest — northeast line, and those buried in them are lied supine, with their heads to the southwest. The grave goods are rather poor, partly due to the robbery of almost all graves. Among the discovered artifacts are the weapons (arrowheads, spear / dart details), jewelry (beads, earrings), household items (knives, awls). A set of signs of the funeral rite suggests that this site is the tribal burial ground of the population who lived in the region at the late 5th—4th centuries BC.
NEW TAMGA SIGNS AND ELEMENTS OF SARMATIAN ARMAMENT AND EQUIPMENT FROM OLBIA
Authors: Kozlenko R. A. 
Published: November 2021

The series of new tamga signs from the latest excavations in Olbia, among which there are unique signs for the Sarmatian nomadic world are published in the paper. The tamgas are deposited on limestone which was found at a new site T-4 placed on the Terraced city of Olbia. Some signs have analogies on the marble lion from Olbia, in Scythian Neapolis, on the «plate-encyclopedia» from Panticapaeum, and on the territory of Asian Sarmatia. The period of existence of these tamgas in Olbia can be attributed to the second half of the 1st — the 2nd centuries AD. This was the time of close military-political relations between Olbia and the Sarmatians. During this period, the Sarmatian kings Farzoios and Inismeos minted in Olbia gold and silver coins with their generic tamga-sign, and the Olbian ambassadors met the Sarmatian kings in the city.
In the upper layers of the site T-4 there were also found the elements of Sarmatian weapons and equipment such as the iron arrowhead, bone arrowheads, and iron quiver hooks, which are unique for the region. Bone arrowheads and quiver hooks have analogies in the Sarmatian burials of the Volga region and could be associated with the appearance of Sarmatian nomads in the Northern Pontic region which can be associated with the appearance of Sarmatian nomads in the Northern Black Sea region, who came in the middle — third quarter of the 1st century AD from the Volga-Don steppes. Objects with tamga signs in Olbia are usually accompanied by iron and bone arrowheads, bow detailes, elements of horse bridle, buckles etc. All of this, in general, is the evidences of the direct Sarmatian presence in the city in the Roman period.
THE EARRINGS OF THE SVITLOVODSK CEMETERY
Authors: Mogylov O. D. 
Published: November 2021

Scythian tribes and their North Pontic neighbors had a magnificent set of jewelry in their everyday life: beads, bracelets, appliques for costume decoration, rings, earrings, torques, pins.
One of these categories, the earrings, is widely represented in the large Svitlovodsk cemetery on the south of the Dnieper Right Bank Forest-Steppe. During the 1975—1990 by archaeological expeditions under the direction of N. M. Bokiy and I. A. Kozyr more than 160 graves of Scythian Age have been excavated.
A total of 45 items were found in 34 graves (21 % of the total). They are ring-shaped and sometimes decorated with beads or pendants. More often, the earrings have been put into female burials. Sometimes one earring has been occurred in the graves of male warriors.
The ring-shaped earrings are made of bronze wire. One end is usually sharpened. This is the most numerous group including 19 items (42 % of the total) from 16 burials.
Twisted wire hoop earrings (5 items, making up 11 % of all earrings, come from 4 burials). Moreover, 3 items are silver, 2 are bronze. They have been found jnly in female tombs.
Hoop earrings with curved ends. 4 specimens (almost 9% of earrings) have been found in two graves with buried women.
Ring-shaped smooth earrings with beads are the second largest type in Svitlovodsk, including 11 items (24 % of earrings from 11 graves). The body is usually bronze, only once it is silver. The beads made of glass, less often of copper, bone, bronze. Usually one bead was set onto body. In several cases 2, 3 and 4 such decorations have been recorded. This type is the most frequent attribute of female burials, sometimes of a child and a teenager, in one case of a wealthy male warrior.
Hoop earrings with twisted body and bead. Two specimens (over 4% of earrings) come from 2 assemblages. They are made of bronze and electrum.
Bronze hoop earrings with pendants. Two items (4 % of earrings) come from two graves. In one case the pendant was made of the animal tooth, in the second it was the bronze ring.
Earrings in the shape of a stylized duck. Two copies (4 % of earrings) were found in graves 70 and 77. In Svitlovodsk, these jewelry were found in graves belonging to poor community members.This category of jewelry from Svitlovodsk shows the part of the set of jewelry of the common population of Scythia.
NEW DATA ABOUT SCYTHIAN GOLD GARMENT APPLIQUЙS FROM BARROWS NEAR OLHYNE VILLAGE OF KHERSON OBLAST
Authors: Lifantii O. V. 
Published: November 2021

Recently revealed data considering gold appliquйs series, forced to correct notion, which has already fastened in literature. These artefacts were found during an excavation of a group of barrows near Olhyne village, Hornostaivskyi district, Kherson Oblast. The research was conducted in 1990 by the Kherson Archaeological Expedition led by Anatolii Kubyshev. This publication aimed to eliminate unfortunate confusion and to clarify the date of some graves in the described burial ground.
Thus, two garment appliquйs, preserved in Archaeological Storage of Institute of Archaeology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, that have no provenance information were identified. These two pieces were not published before. Due to a comparison of the Archaeological report and analysis of Storage documentation data, I have managed to find their place of finding.
As shown in the article, the openwork appliquй in a form of two-bodied Sphinx was part of headdress decorum from the central grave of Bratoliubivka barrow (the main and biggest mound in the group). One rectangular-shaped plaque with a depiction of lying in crouched pose griffin was found in the grave 5 of the same barrow. In this inlet tomb the wealthy Scythian warrior was buried. The construction time of the barrow and inlaid grave 5 lay in second — early third quarter of the 4th century BCE.
Twelve rectangular appliquйs with an image of a half-recumbent griffin with crescent-shaped wings were found in the grave 4 barrow 1 of Olhyne group. Previously only one plaque of this series was wrongly published as find from the grave 5 of Bratoliubivka barrow. This unfortunate mistake is now corrected. At the same tomb, 52 rectangular appliquйs with the depiction of a lion attacking a doe were found. Therefore, at well-preserved woman grave 4 of barrow 1 near Olhyne village fully decorated hat and veil were placed. This tomb was probably constructed in the second — early third quarter of the 4th century BCE. Considering the modesty of this grave goods, one can only imagine how bright the appliques of a ceremonial garment from the central grave of Bratoliubivka barrow were.
СHILDREN’S GRAVE AT THE CEMETERY OF THE CHERNYAKHIV CULTURE VOYTENKI
Authors: Schultze E. , Lyubichev М. V. , Kozak A. D. 
Published: November 2021

The children’s graves at the cemeteries of the Chernyakhiv / Sоntana de Mureş culture are the relevant problem for the archaeology of the period. Children’s burials at the cemeteries of this culture have been the subject of special study for more than fifteen years. At the cemetery Voytenky 15 graves of children of various ages were discovered (graves 6, 34, 50, 72, 79, 85, 94, 97, 99, 103, 126, 217, 218, 220, 231). Their analysis is envisaged within the framework of the project on the reconstruction of the social structure of the population of the Chernyakhiv culture on the basis of the cemetery Voytenki.
The publication of materials from grave 231 of the cemetery Voytenki includes archaeological and anthropological analysis. Inventory features of the complex allow determination of the social status of the child and his family.
The burial’s inventory includes 24 vessels. A specific feature of this complex is the presence of an amphora. The burial belongs to the phase «C» after the relative chronology of the «classical» Chernyakhiv culture horizon in the Dnepr-Do­netsk forest-steppe (after M. Lyubichev). This correlates with stages C3, C3/D1 by J. Tejral, and in absolute dates can be attributed to the third quarter of the 4th century.
The age of the child determined as (1.5) 2—2.5 years. Pathological lesions on the skeleton diagnosed as traces of scurvy, probably anemia, and viral or bacterial meningitis. Their presence permits raise the question of adaptation of the children of particular social class to their living conditions. Presumably, some adults of this social stratum belonged to the mobile part of the population or were in close contact with migrants. Migrations could be seen as one of the reasons, led to the emergence of new infections, which primarily affected children.
The grave with the amphora testifies to the strong economic position of the family, whose child was buried. This family probably participated in an interregional exchange.
THE LEAD SEAL OF A BYZANTINE OFFICIAL OF THE LATE 11th — EARLY 12th CENTURIES FROM THE EXCAVATIONS 2019 IN THE YARD OF THE St. SOPHIA CATHEDRAL IN KYIV
Authors: Bobrovskyy T. A. , Evdokimova A. A. 
Published: November 2021

The unique Byzantine molivdovul found during archaeological excavations in 2019 at the yard of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv is analyzed in the paper.
The modivdovul is 2.6—2.8 cm in diameter and 2.5—3 mm thick (fig. 1, 2). A poetic legend in Greek is preserved on the both sides: «(Σφραγὶς) βεβεω̃ (τοὺς) (λ)ό(γου)ς Βασιλείου // (ο)ι̉κιστικου̃ τέλ(ε)ι νυ̃ν βεστιαρίου» («The seal confirms the words of Vasily the oikistikos (in the past), who now serves as a vestiarios»). Two positions belonging to the different bureaucratic offices of the Byzantine Empire, mentioned in one legend, determine the uniqueness of this molivdovul.
The archaeological dating of the find is the second half of the 11th — first half of the 12th centuries which is consistent with the paleography of the legends text. The spelling features of the inscription are characterized by substitutions «ε» instead of «αι» in the verb «βεβαιω̃» and «ι» instead of «ει» in the verb «τέλει», which is associated with a chronologically similar linguistic processes — the monophthongization of the diphthongs and the manifestation of the itacism in Greek.
Basing on the historical sources the authors conclude that the molivdovul could belong to the Byzantine official who сhanged his position at the imperial court during late 11th — early 12th centuries as a result of the administrative reform carried out by the Byzantine emperor Alexei I Comnenus between 1081 and 1118. The finding of this seal in the yard of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv apparently testifies to the close ties existed during this period between the Kyiv’s Metropolis and the Constantinople’s Imperial court.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF THE POST-MONGOLIAN PERIOD NEAR SEDNIV
Authors: Motsia O. P. , Skorokhod V. M. , Syta L. F. 
Published: November 2021

Archaeological sites of Sedniv and its outskirts have been studied since the end of the 19th century and, despite the attention of scientists, systematic extencive researches were concentrated mainly around hillforts that could be associated with the Chronicle Snovsk.
At the Sedniv territory there are at least three hillforts, and one of which — Tryfonovshchyna hillfort — has never been excavated before 2015. It is located in the south-eastern part of the village, 100 m from the edge of the right bench over the flood land (shooter cape 20 m high). On the western side the hillfort cuted by the moat up to 20 m wide and 6.0 m deep and defensive rampart up to 1.5 m high (on the western side of the site). The hillfort is of triangular shape. On the western side in the middle of rampart from the bottom of the moat to the northeast there is a ramp-road up to 30 m long. Archaeological excavations of the Tryfonovshchyna hillfort were necessary due to ascertain the chronology of the site.
In order to find out the time of construction of the fortifications the archaeological profile of defensive rampart was made. It was received the interesting stratigraphic situation of its formation. The remains of wooden-earth cages (klet) of rampart have been found which burned in a fire of the late 14th — early 15th century. The rampart cages were build along the perimeter of the hillfort, and the additional defensive line in the eastern separate part of cape was erected.
Research on the Tryfonovshchyna hillfort made it possible to discover the cultural layers and objects of the post-Mongolian period. The discovered building of the late 14th — early 15th century displays the tradition of the constructions of the site. The part of additional defensive line (stockade) outside the hillfort has been explored as well.
The stratigraphic observations of the fortifications and the constructions of the site indicate it’s destruction in a powerful fire. Finds of the weapons (crossbow bolt, iron plates from Mongolian armor, chain mail rings), elements of military clothing, numismatic finds make it possible to suggest the military conflict between the Lithuanian and Golden Horde troops in the late 14th — early 15th century.