bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Oyster Crassostrea Sp Settled on Shell and Stone Collectors
Authors: Yulianda Fredinan , Atmadipura Agus Soleh 
Published: September 2021

During a 4-weeks period oyster spat at- tached on shell and stone collectors but not on roofing tile submerged in estuarine and marine habitats. Collectors made of stone (rough surface) were better than collectors of shell in terms of number of settled spat. The oyster spat settled at highest density on collectors close tothe sea. The average growth in terms of weight was significantly different on the two types of collectors. The largest oysters occurred on shell collectors near the river
Accuracy of Radiographic Displacement Measurement in a Pelvic Ring Injury Model
Authors: Hashmi Sohaib Zafar , Butler Bennet , Johnson Daniel , Wun Kelly , Sherman Alan , Summers Hobie , Stover Michael 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Pelvic ring injury outcome studies rely on radiographic assessment. To date, no study investigates the accuracy of radiographic measurement. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and interobserver reliability of pelvic ring displacement measurement in an injury model. We hypothesize that current radiographic measurement methods do not accurately quantify the three-dimensional pelvic ring displacement.

Methods:
Ten orthopaedic traumatologists evaluated 12 pelvic ring injury model displacements using AP, inlet, and outlet radiographs and axial CT images. Observers completed a survey of demographic and treatment approach strategies. Radiographic displacement measurements in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were analyzed for accuracy using. Absolute displacement measurements were categorized with Matta and Tornetta grading system for Fleiss Kappa inter-reliability correlation evaluation.

Results:
The mean age of orthopaedic traumatologists was 47.5 years (range 36 to 59) with a mean 15.3 years (range 4 to 27) of pelvic fracture surgery experience. Radiographic measurement of isolated uniplanar of pelvic displacement in axial, sagittal, or coronal plane alone was more accurate than multiplanar pelvic displacements with more than one plane of displacement, 6.6 ± 5.7 mm error compared with 9.6 ± 6.3 mm error, respectively (P = 0.0035). Measurement accuracy was greater with isolated coronal plane (4 ± 3.5 mm error) compared with isolated axial plane (9.9 ± 7.1 mm error) or isolated sagittal plane displacement (6.7 ± 4 mm error). Interrater reliability for the radiographic displacement measurement by observers showed an overall poor agreement with 0.24.

Conclusion:
Radiographic displacement measurement in these modeled pelvic ring injuries has notable inaccuracy among various measurement methods. Coronal and sagittal plane radiographic displacement measurements are more accurate compared with axial plane measurement. The reporting of radiographic displacement measurement outcomes in clinical research studies should be critically evaluated, and standardization of pelvic ring injury displacement may not be achievable with radiography.

Level of Evidence:
Level V
Adjusting for Variation in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Is Needed to Improve Care After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Solberg Leif I. , Chrenka Ella , Asche Steve E. , Johnson Paul G. , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Horst Patrick K. , Cunningham Brian P. , Reams Megan , Swiontkowski Marc F. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Limited quantitative information exists about the patient and surgeon factors driving variation in patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores, limiting the use of these data in understanding and improving quality. The overall goal of this study was to learn how to adjust PROM scores to enable both individual and group quality improvement.

Methods:
Observational study in which preoperative Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS)-10 measures were prospectively obtained through patient survey from 1,173 of 1,435 possible patients before total knee arthroplasty and from 810 of the 1,173 patients at 12 months postoperatively (response rates = 81.7% and 69.0%). Regression analyses identified the relative contribution of patient and surgeon risk factors to OKS change from baseline to 12 months. Variation in patient scores and surgeon performance was described and quantified. Adjusted outcomes were used to calculate an observed and expected score for each surgeon.

Results:
(1) Moderate variation was observed in pre-/post-OKS change among the surgeons (n = 16, mean change = 15.5 ± 2.2, range = 12.1-21.1). Forty-five percent of the variance in OKS change was explained by the factors included in our model. (2) Patient preoperative OKS and PROMIS physical score, race, and BMI were markedly associated with change in OKS, but other patient factors, surgeon volume, and years of experience were not. (3) Eight surgeons had observed scores greater than expected after adjustment, providing an opportunity to learn what strategies were associated with better outcomes.

Discussion:
Traditional age/sex adjustment of patient mix would have had no effect on mean PROM scores by surgeon. An adjustment model that includes the factors found to be markedly associated with outcomes will allow care systems to identify individual surgeon care management strategies potentially important for improving patient outcomes.
De beursgenoteerde vennootschap
Authors: de Groot C. 
Published: September 2021

De beursgenoteerde vennootschap. Faits divers
Een beursgenoteerde vennootschap is een vennootschap waarvan aandelen zijn toegelaten tot de handel op een gereglementeerde markt of soms ook tot de handel op een multilaterale handelsfaciliteit. In Boek 2 BW en in de Wft komen beide varianten voor. Als sprake is van toelating tot de handel op alleen een gereglementeerde markt gaat het primair om regelgeving waarin de Nederlandse wetgever uitvoering geeft aan Europees recht. Als het gaat om toelating tot de handel op een gereglementeerde markt of soms ook een multilaterale handelsfaciliteit gaat het om regelgeving die een nationale oorsprong heeft. In die laatste gevallen zijn wel weer verschillende varianten denkbaar.
Initiatiefwetsvoorstel Spoedwet conditionele eindheffing dividendbelasting
Authors: Bagci R. , Brandsma R.P.C.W.M. , Ruige P. , Zuidhof H.R. 
Published: September 2021

Initiatiefwetsvoorstel Spoedwet conditionele eindheffing dividendbelasting
De Nederlandse belasting op dividenden heeft door het Initiatiefwetsvoorstel Spoedwet conditionele eindheffing dividendbelasting – wederom – de aandacht van de politiek en het (inter)nationale bedrijfsleven. Invoering van het voorstel zou betekenen dat een vertrek uit Nederland door vennootschappen onder omstandigheden tot een eindafrekening voor de Nederlandse dividendbelasting gaat leiden. Invoering van het voorstel lijkt investeringen in Nederlandse bedrijven door buitenlandse (portfolio-)investeerders minder aantrekkelijk te maken, wat leidt tot een verslechtering van het Nederlandse vestigingsklimaat. De auteurs gaan in op diverse aspecten van het wetsvoorstel.
Truth and the Transunto: a copy of the Holy Shroud in Sixteenth-Century Bologna
Authors: Smith Samantha L. 
Published: September 2021

'Truth and the transunto' investigates the use of a hand-painted copy of the Holy Shroud which found its way to Bologna in the late sixteenth century. Used by the archbishop of Bologna, Alfonso Paleotti (1531-1610), this copy was the source of observations of the body of Christ, in the manner of an autopsy and is presented in Paleotti's book Esplicatione del Lenzuolo [...]. Early modern copies of the Holy Shroud are not however accurate copies, but present seemingly simplified replicas of the original. This article explores how such information, and indeed, level of trust, can come from these copies, which, to the modern eye, seem fallible. Previous studies have excused the strange appearance of these Shroud copies by considering them solely devotional instruments yet as the article shows, Paleotti's use of such an object shows that the copies might be better understood in the context of early modern natural historical studies and illustrations. The article draws on scholarship which discusses the emerging interest for visual evidence in early scientific practice and shows how certain types of images and image-making practices were able to evoke the idea of presence and clarify the indecipherable. Demonstrating that Paleotti's copy of the Holy Shroud was not just a religious tool, but also an epistemic image, this article shows how Paleotti's use of the term 'transunto' could be used as a valuable tool in gaining a more nuanced understanding of the concept 'copy' in Early Modern Europe.

On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.
Digitalt understøttet problem- og projektbaseret vejlederpraksis
Authors: Konnerup Ulla , Bertel Lykke Brogaard , Larsen Søren 
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel undersøger underviseres og studerendes erfaringer med digitalt understøttet projektvejledning under COVID-19-nedlukningen i foråret 2020. Der sættes fokus på filosofien bag problem- og projektbaseret vejledning på Aalborg Universitet og Roskilde Universitet, samt hvordan og i hvor høj grad digital transformation af vejlederpraksis understøtter og udfordrer denne filosofi. Resultaterne baserer sig primært på 12 kvalitative interviews med undervisere og 10 kvalitative interviews med studerende gennemført som en del af projektet “Erfaringer og oplevelser med online undervisning på 9 videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner”, suppleret af resultater fra lokale, interne undersøgelser i samme periode. Artiklen søger overordnet set at besvare undersøgelsesspørgsmålet: Hvad har vi lært om digitalt understøttet projektvejledning under COVID-19-nedlukningen, og hvilke erfaringer kan vi tage med os ind i en fremtidig problem- og projektorienteret vejlederpraksis? Undersøgelsens resultater viser, at nedlukningsperioden har givet anledning til nytænkning af den problem- og projektbaserede vejlederpraksis, og at vejledningen har potentiale til at blive mere fleksibel, studentercentreret og proces-orienteret, når den transformeres fra primært produktvejledning til en højere grad af procesfacilitering i hybride læringsrum.
Uncertainty Amidst Routineness: How Three Lung Cancer Patients Experienced Alienation in Biomedical Institutions and Personal Relationships.
Authors: Coopersmith Ari 
Published: September 2021

Anthropological and clinical research has brought to light emotionally isolating effects of receiving biomedical treatment for serious illnesses such as lung cancer. This essay illustrates how these isolating effects can manifest for individuals by presenting the experiences of three lung cancer patients in England who were interviewed between 2000 and 2003. The patients discussed feeling emotionally alienated in medical contexts because their illnesses tended to be routinely encountered by their caregivers, yet new and frightening for themselves. They stressed the importance of meaningful relationships with individual care providers in mitigating these alienating effects. They also discussed tensions between the emotional support provided by family and friends, and difficulty when the same loved ones could not fully understand their illness experiences. I conclude that in biomedical institutions and society as a whole, greater attention should be paid to patients' feelings of isolation and alienation, and that the root causes of these experiences should be examined at institutional and societal levels.
Self-reported Reasons for Changes in Performance of Daily Activities During a 2-Year Multidisciplinary Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation
Authors: Karhula Maarit E. , Kanelisto Katja , Hämäläinen Päivi , Ruutiainen Juhani , Era Pertti , Häkkinen Arja , Salminen Anna-Liisa 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Few multidisciplinary rehabilitation studies with a heterogeneous design have focused on individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study compared subjective-reported changes in performance and satisfaction with daily activities among moderately and severely disabled individuals with MS during a 2-year, multidisciplinary, group-based, outpatient rehabilitation program comprising education in self-management and compensatory techniques, exercise, and guided peer support.

METHODS:
Thirty-eight adults with moderate disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score of 4.0–5.5, 74% women, mean age of 48) and 41 individuals with severe disability (EDSS 6.0–8.5, 63% women, mean age of 48) were assessed at baseline and after 12 and 21 months of outpatient rehabilitation using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Group × time interactions were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. Participants’ explanations of reasons for changes in activity performance were collected via semistructured interviews and analyzed content.

RESULTS:
Statistically significant improvements in COPM performance and satisfaction scores were reported in both groups from baseline to 21 months of rehabilitation. No significant between-group differences in improvement were observed. The self-reported reasons for improvement were mainly linked to environmental factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
The outpatient rehabilitation program, including 4 themes—cognition, mood, energy conservation, and body control—improved the self-reported performance of patients with MS with moderate and severe disabilities. Environmental factors warrant consideration during rehabilitation.
Running Smart
Authors: van Sprundel Mariska 
Published: September 2021

A science writer and recreational runner explores the science behind popularly held beliefs about shoes, injuries, nutrition, “runner's high,” and more.
Conventional wisdom about running is passed down like folklore (and sometimes contradicts itself): the right kind of shoe prevents injury—or running barefoot, like our prehistoric ancestors, is best; eat a high-fat diet—and also carbo load before a race; running cures depression—but it might be addictive; running can save your life—although it can also destroy your knee cartilage. Often it's hard to know what to believe. In Running Smart, Mariska van Sprundel, a science journalist and recreational runner who has had her fair share of injuries, sets out to explore the science behind such claims.
In her quest, van Sprundel reviews the latest developments in sports science, consults with a variety of experts, and visits a sports lab to have her running technique analyzed. She learns, among other things, that according to evolutionary biology, humans are perfectly adapted to running long distances (even if our hunter-gatherer forebears suffered plenty of injuries); that running sets off a shockwave that spreads from foot to head, which may or may not be absorbed by cushioned shoes; and that a good sports bra controls the ping pong–like movements of a female runner's breasts. She explains how the body burns fuel, the best foods to eat before and after running, and what might cause “runner's high.” More than fifty million Americans are runners (and a slight majority of them are women). This engaging and enlightening book will help both novice and seasoned runners run their smartest.
Sandfuture
Authors: Beal Justin 
Published: September 2021

An account of the life and work of the architect Minoru Yamasaki that leads the author to consider how (and for whom) architectural history is written.
Sandfuture is a book about the life of the architect Minoru Yamasaki (1912–1986), who remains on the margins of history despite the enormous influence of his work on American architecture and society. That Yamasaki's most famous projects—the Pruitt-Igoe apartments in St. Louis and the original World Trade Center in New York—were both destroyed on national television, thirty years apart, makes his relative obscurity all the more remarkable.
Sandfuture is also a book about an artist interrogating art and architecture's role in culture as New York changes drastically after a decade bracketed by terrorism and natural disaster. From the central thread of Yamasaki's life, Sandfuture spirals outward to include reflections on a wide range of subjects, from the figure of the architect in literature and film and transformations in the contemporary art market to the perils of sick buildings and the broader social and political implications of how, and for whom, cities are built. The result is at once sophisticated in its understanding of material culture and novelistic in its telling of a good story.
Glucosylceramide synthase regulates hepatocyte repair after concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated liver injury
Authors: Gan Jian , Gao Qin , Wang Li Li , Tian Ai Ping , Zhu Long Dong , Zhang Li Ting , Zhou Wei , Mao Xiao Rong , Li Jun Feng 
Published: September 2021

Background
Sphingolipids produce pleiotropic signaling pathways, and participate in the pathological mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis during liver injury. However, the role of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS)–key enzyme that catalyzes the first glycosylation step, in liver injury is still vague.

Methods
All experiments were conducted using 7–9-week-old pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were detected in murine models of liver disease, in addition to histological characterization of liver injuries. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of the GCS, matrix metallopeptidase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) genes. The GCS was observed through a fluorescence microscope, and the flow cytometry was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis. The concentrations of serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. MMP-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression was measured via western blot (WB) analysis.

Results
Con A is often used as a mitogen to activate T lymphocytes and promote mitosis. A single dose of Con A injected intravenously will cause a rapid increase of ALT and AST, which is accompanied by the release of cytokines that cause injury and necrosis of hepatocytes. In this study, we successfully induced acute immune hepatitis in mice by Con A. Con A administration resulted in GCS upregulation in liver tissues. Moreover, the mice in the Con A group had significantly higher levels of ALT, AST, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and increased hepatocyte apoptosis than the control group. In contrast, all of the aforementioned genes were significantly downregulated after the administration of a GCS siRNA or Genz-123346 (i.e., a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor) to inhibit the GCS gene. Additionally, the histopathological changes observed herein were consistent with our ALT, AST, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 expression results. However, unlike this, hepatocyte apoptosis has been further increased on the basis of the Con A group. Moreover, our qRT-PCR and WB results indicated that the expression of MMP-1 in the Con A group was significantly lower than that in the control group, whereas TIMP-1 exhibited the opposite trend. Conversely, MMP-1 expression in the GCS siRNA and Genz-123346 groups was higher than that in the Con A group, whereas TIMP-1 expression was lower.

Conclusions
GCS inhibition reduces Con A-induced immune-mediated liver injury in mice, which may be due to the involvement of GCS in the hepatocyte repair process after injury.
A Comparative Study on Oxygen Saturation, Breath Rate, Lung Parameters, Anxiety and Depression Level in Geriatric Population
Authors: Bhat P. Chaitra , Kumar K. U. Dhanesh , Rai Subhashchandra , Basheer K. B. Riyas 
Published: September 2021

Background: Ageing has been associated with multiple medical conditions mainly due to impaired immune mechanisms and deteriorating physiological reserves such as declining physical health, increased risk for mental and emotional problems, economic constraints, changing roles and changing lifestyles. Chronic psychological and physical illnesses among geriatrics were studied univocally. Hence present study aimed to compare the effect of yoga techniques and conventional exercises.
Methods: 40 subjects participated in the form of group therapy based on the selection criteria. Yoga group received yogic Relaxation and pranayama (10 min each) and exercise group received supine rest and diaphragmatic breathing (10 min each) for four days per weeks continued for three months. Outcome measures were evaluated before the intervention and after three months of participation.
Results: The Oxygen saturation in yoga group were 96.4±1.39 and 97.05±1.19, and in exercise group 96.7±1.45 and 97.7± 0.73 in pre and post assessment. The breath rates in yoga group were reduced to an average of 19.1 and 19.65 in exercise group after 3 months. The mean vital capacity (L/min), FEV1 (mL/sec), FVC (L/min) in yoga group after 3 months were 1.72 ± 0.2, 1.53 ± 0.17 and 1.47 ± 0.1 and in exercise group were 0.72 ± 0.13, 0.70 ± 0.13 and 0.69 ± 0.13 after the intervention. The mean anxiety and depression measured with HADS were 8.9 ± 0.8 & 7.45 ± 0.75 and 9.0 ± 0.72 & 7.9 ± 0.8 pre and post respectively in Yoga Group & Exercise Group.
Conclusion: Yogic relaxation and pranayama is equally effective in supine rest and diaphragmatic breathing in improving oxygen saturation, breath rate, lung parameters and anxiety and depression in geriatrics.
Increasing Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Production through Frontline Demonstrations in Irrigated Regions of Central Punjab, India
Authors: Boparai A. K. , Raj Ritu , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Frontline demonstrations plots are vital tools used by the government agricultural extension agents of India in bridging the gaps between research and extension for increase crop productivity. The study aimed at minimizing the extension-technology gaps for increasing the productivity of chickpea crop in India.
Study Design: Demonstrative design.
Methodology: Total 121 demonstrations plots were constructed over an area of 30 ha for a period of three years - 2017-2019.
Results: The result showed that average grain yield in the demonstration plot increased by 21.07% over the control fields. The mean technology gap and extension gap were 1.30 and 3.26 q ha-1, respectively with 6.51% technology index value. The average benefit cost ratio for the demonstration plots was 3.55, compared to the control plot, which was 2.95.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the frontline demonstrations plots have a great potential to increase chickpea productivity in India. The demonstration techniques used can be adopted in diversifying crop production with improper irrigation facilities in order to increase food security in India.