bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earthquake energy release and isostasy
Authors: Berg Joseph W. , Gaskell Robert , Rinehart Verrill 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The relationship between isostatic anomalies and average annual earthquake energy released was investigated. Data were used for the United States, West Indies, East Indies, Japan, Africa, and India. The above areas were subdivided into smaller areas, 5° on the side, and the data for the smaller areas were used to determine a relationship between the variables. Because the data were considerably scattered, an averaging method was used for smoothing. Results of the research indicate that (1) a relationship exists between the average annual earthquake energy released from regions and the isostatic relief (or gradient) of the regions, and (2) the isostatic relief can be used as an index of the strain level of the crust and upper mantle.
An application of statistical discrimination to classify seismic events
Authors: Booker Aaron , Mitronovas Walter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A basic statistical method is presented for the classification of observations into one of two multivariate, normal populations. This theory is applied to the identification of seismic events by considering one of the “populations” to consist of measurements on seismic recordings of earthquakes, the other of explosions. The measurements, or parameters, consist of ratios of the “energies” contained within predetermined “velocity windows” on the seismograms. The choice of velocity windows is guided by the assumption that earthquake source mechanism is extended both in time and space and generates a larger fraction of energy in shear waves as compared to explosion source mechanism. The best separation of twenty earthquakes and twenty-seven explosions is achieved when only seven of the nine ratios calculated are used in the statistical discriminator. Based on this data we have about 85% probability of correctly classifying a given event either as an explosion or as an earthquake.
On a method to obtain a Green's function for a multi-layered half space
Authors: Herrera I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper the surface wave terms of the Green's function for a two-dimensional multilayered half space are obtained. The method used is new and remarkable by its simplicity. It is based on the integral representation theorems for elastodynamics. The orthogonality properties of surface waves are generalized to include not only Love waves but Rayleigh waves as well.
Myringoplasty in wet and dry ears: an observational study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Rao S. Umamaheswara , Reddy K. Samatha , Pakanati Siva Subba Rao , Chandramouli S. 
Published: July 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic otitis media is the most common cause of hearing impairment in the developing countries with serious effects. The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of myringoplasty in dry and wet ears in tubo-tympanic type of chronic otitis media (COM) with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is an observational study done in the department of ENT, Mamata medical college, Khammam, during the study period of September 2019 to February 2021 on 40 patients of tubo-tympanic type COM. On simple random basis selected patients underwent myringoplasty by underlay technique. All patients were evaluated during post-operative follow-up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, majority of patients were in the age group of 26 to 45 years with slight female preponderance, with male to female ratio (0.73:1). In our study, the successful graft uptake was seen 90% in dry ears and 85% in wet ears, which seems to be not significant in difference. With respect to hearing improvement, post-operatively there was significant improvement in both the groups, when compared to pre-operative hearing. The maximum improvement in average hearing threshold after surgery, in dry ears with large perforation (12.66dB) and in wet ears with small central perforation (12.44dB) was almost equal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the success rate of graft uptake and hearing improvement is found almost equal in dry and wet ears by using underlay technique of myringoplasty. </p>
Effectiveness of virtual reality eyeglasses as a distraction technique in managing anxious paediatric patients undergoing dental treatment- A cross-sectional study
Authors: Devan Arya , Hegde K Sundeep , Bhat Sham S , Ballal Raksha , Rao H T Ajay 
Published: July 2021

To evaluate the effect of virtual reality eyeglasses as a distraction technique in management of anxious paediatric patients undergoing dental treatment.: It is an in-vivo study which was performed on 148 patients with 37 in each four different groups. Children’s dental anxiety was measured using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Pulse oximeter which measures the pulse rate, oxygen saturation. After assessing the anxiety levels of the children, children who are found to be anxious were taken for the study. includes children who have to undergo extraction without virtual reality eyeglasses. includes children who have to undergo extraction with virtual reality eyeglasses. includes children who have to undergo restoration without virtual reality eye glasses. includes children who have to undergo restoration with virtual reality eye glasses. Children’s anxiety was again evaluated using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Pulse oximeter during dental treatment. The results obtained were then compared. The data was collected, tabulated, Descriptive statistics and paired t test was used for statistical analysis. Group A: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate, oxygen saturation (SPO) and modified anxiety scale (p&#60;0.05). Group B: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate and modified anxiety scale (p&#60;0.05), but there were no statistically significant changes in the oxygen saturation (SPO)level (p&#62;0.05). Group C: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate and modified anxiety scale (p&#60;0.05), but there were no statistically significant changes in the oxygen saturation (SPO) level (p&#62;0.05). Group D: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate and modified anxiety scale (p&#60;0.05), but there were no statistically significant changes in the oxygen saturation (SPO)level (p&#62;0.05)Within the limitations of this study we conclude that virtual reality eyeglasses used in the present study is an effective distraction technique in management of pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment.
Echa represji wobec klasztorów w Królestwie Polskim na łamach krakowskiego Czasu po upadku powstania styczniowego
Authors: Gąsiorowska Patrycja 
Published: July 2021

Ukazujący się w Krakowie od 1848 roku dziennik Czas, organ prasowy galicyjskich konserwatystów, na bieżąco informował czytelników o wydarzeniach w Królestwie Polskim związanych z powstaniem styczniowym i represjami rządu carskiego wobec Polaków po jego upadku. Jednym z głównych tematów były represje dotykające Kościół katolicki, a zwłaszcza męskie i żeńskie zakony. Czas opisywał wszelkie przejawy nękania osób zakonnych ze strony Rosjan: drobne złośliwości, wydawanie przepisów utrudniających normalne funkcjonowanie klasztorów, dręczenie moralne, stosowanie tortur, wykonywanie egzekucji i zsyłanie zakonników na Syberię, konfiskaty klasztornych majątków, a wreszcie likwidację większości klasztorów męskich i żeńskich. Przy okazji relacjonowania przypadków represji dziennik przedstawiał też reakcje zachodnich mocarstw i papiestwa na antypolską i antykościelną politykę caratu oraz nieskuteczne dyplomatyczne próby przeciwdziałania im. Długo łudzono czytelników nadzieją na zbrojną interwencję zachodnich mocarstw na rzecz uciemiężonego narodu polskiego, łącząc obronę idei narodowych z obroną religii katolickiej. Niestety nadzieje te, o czym Czas donosił z goryczą, okazały się płonne.
PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS REGARDING USE OF GOOGLE CLASSROOM AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL DURING COVID-19
Authors: Ruqia Bibi , Khan Irfan Ullah , Khan Hamid , Ullah Mati , Bibi Zeenat 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The main focus of the researcher in the study was to investigate the opinions, views, beliefs, the respondents’ attitudes towards Google Classroom during Covid-19.
Methodology: The study was descriptive. All on Campus enrolled students along with students of affiliated colleges with the University of Lakki Marwat where the population of the study in which all BS level on Campus students were taken as the target population of the study in which the total numbers of (n = 500) respondents comprised of samples as per L.R.Gay formula regarding determining the size of the sample. . A simple random sampling technique was used. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire of the 5-Points Likert scale. The validity and reliability of the research instrument were ensured. Data were statistically analyzed through SPSS by using Frequency, Percentage, and Regression.
Main Findings: The key findings of the study reveal that the majority of the respondents were in favor of Google Classroom during Covid-19 at BS level. Those who disagree with the online classes or Google Classroom showed negative concerns regarding it due to lack of facilities required for online classes or lack of resources essential for Google Classroom at the university level but overall, the views of the respondents were in favor of Google Classroom at University level in the University of Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan.
Applications of this study: The current study is highly significant for the government of the day in this modern world especially during Covid-19; the study could be quite effective and meaningful for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Policymakers, and HEC to ensure the quality of education at University level.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The existing study is new or unique in the field of education to promote the quality of education during calamities also as Covid-19 etc.
Peran Lembaga Konsultasi dalam Merubah Sikap dan Persepsi Istri Korban Dampak Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Sambas Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Tamrin Tamrin , Manullang Sardjana Orba , Widjaja Gunawan , Sijabat Hotmaria H 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran lembaga konsultasi dalam merubah sikap dan persepsi istri korban dampak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian empiris dengan bertitik tolak pada pendekatan analitis deskriptif untuk mendapatkan data tersebut dengan pengamatan dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sikap istri korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) selalu menutup diri dikarenakan tindakan tersebut aib keluarga dan berpersepsi perbuatan pelaku semata-mata kehilafan. Oleh karena itu peran lembaga konsultasi dan bantuan hukum (LKBH) Sambas sangat penting dalam menggali informasi dari korban terkait fakta lapangan melalui pendekatan komunikatif dan persuasif, serta nilai kemaslahatan yang tertuang pada Al-Qur’an.
3D VIDEO MEASURING SYSTEM FOR TESTING OF MANUFACTURE OF PARTS THE HIGH PRECISION PROCESSING
Authors: Prokopchenko Serhii , Voskresenskyi Volodymyr 
Published: July 2021

During the control of technological processes of manufacturing various parts, which are required to increase the accuracy of processing, it is necessary to adhere to the systematic measurement of their geometric dimensions, tolerances, compliance with the shape and location of the surfaces of the parts. To date, this type of non-destructive testing is carried out using special optical systems and allows you to study different products, regardless of their type, design features and structure of the materials from which they are made. That is, the visual-optical method of measurement is one of the most important methods of non-destructive testing in production.
In the article the authors shared practical experience in the selection and optimal use of 3D video measuring system with limited resources. The choice of manufacturer and model (type) of video measuring system was made depending on the complexity of the measurement tasks. First of all, the error of measurement results was evaluated, which was determined by technical indicators and the composition of software functionality. For control in the manufacture of high-precision mechanical parts, the basic requirements for technical parameters and software of the video measuring system are defined.
Emphasis is placed on the economic effect by reducing the time of measurement of linear dimensions and angles in the plane of the controlled parts, while using high-quality functionality of video processing, which significantly reduces the likelihood of operator error. The choice between manual and automated measurement systems is justified: the main factors are the capacity and the required amount of measurements. Evaluated as a positive ability to save information files in Exel, Word, and SPC for statistical processing of information to improve the quality of parts.
Features of video measuring systems concerning: implementation of innovative metrological solutions - multisensory metrology, namely - inclusion in the program of measurements of optical, laser and contact research; Reverse Engineering of previous versions of parts for which drawings have already been lost and CAD models are not available.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF FUEL COMBUSTION PROCESS IN LOW AND MEDIUM POWER BOILERS. PART 1. METHOD AND HARDWARE
Authors: Zaporozhets Arthur , Kuts Yurii 
Published: July 2021

In Ukraine today there are more than 6000 boiler plants with a heating capacity of up to 1 Gcal/h with an efficiency of about 70 %, requiring replacement or modernization, 40 % of boilers are operated with an efficiency of less than 82 %, about 11000 boilers with a capacity of 100 kW to 1 MW have been in operation for over 20 years. Although the part of these boilers in the municipal heat power system of Ukraine does not exceed 14 %, the projected savings in natural fuel in these boilers is more than 130 million cubic meters per year. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the fuel combustion process in small and medium power boilers is an urgent task at the present time.
The article presents the results of creating a method and hardware that implements it, to increase the speed and reliability of monitoring the process of fuel combustion in boiler units based on measuring the concentration of residual oxygen in exhaust gases. The developed method is implemented by stepwise correction of the ratio of the air-fuel mixture entering to the furnace of the boiler for combustion, according to feedback signals from a broadband oxygen sensor manufactured by Bosch, located in the outgoing channel.
The air-fuel ratio control with automatic adjustment of the blower fan speed depending on the amount of fossil fuel supplied for combustion ensures low-toxic combustion of fuel with low emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, and high efficiency. Additional use of a variable frequency drive in the combustion control system allows to reduce energy consumption by 30-40 %, eliminate starting currents and motor overloads, reduce mechanical wear of equipment, increase the service life of contact switching equipment. In general, the developed fuel combustion control system allows to optimize the fuel combustion mode, taking into account the actual conditions, operating modes of the boiler unit and fuel characteristics; to reduce specific fuel consumption by at least 10%; to reduce the level of emissions of nitrogen oxides up to 40 % and carbon monoxide up to 50 %; to increase the efficiency by at least 5 %; qualitatively to simplify the work of the boiler maintenance personnel.
THE EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF MONITORING THE HUMAN RADIATION DOSES DURING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Rudoy Aleksey , Tereshchenko Mykola 
Published: July 2021

X-ray imaging techniques have many advantages over other methods because they can be easily performed in a short time and are widely available, allowing doctors to quickly confirm or rule out a diagnosis with greater confidence. The main problem associated with the widespread use of radiological diagnosis and therapy is the significant exposure of patients. Over the last 30 years, the average radiation dose of the population and patients has doubled, despite the fact that exposure to natural factors has remained almost at the same level. The increase in the level of the average radiation dose of the population and patients of medical institutions is associated with an increase in the number of diagnostic procedures, despite the fact that the level of radiation with each procedure has decreased significantly. This is especially true in this period of coronary crisis - a rapid increase in the number of human diseases caused by the Covid-19 virus.
The paper considers the principles of monitoring the level of radiation doses in diagnostic and therapeutic complexes of medical institutions. The analysis of research methods, comparison of doses obtained experimentally, in which multifactor measurements were performed with dosimeters located in the areas of major vital organs and doses adopted by treatment protocols according to state and sanitary rules and regulations.
After the analysis and identification of the main problems of irradiation, a method of automated measurement of radiation doses with the installation of high-precision detectors and an algorithm for calculating irradiation parameters, according to the location of patients and staff during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, as well as separately for each body, method assessment of the accumulation of the level of radiation doses.
EFEKTIVITAS MODUL ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS SAINTIFIK PADA MATERI KELARUTAN DAN HASIL KALI KELARUTAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SMA
Authors: Sari Meida Wulan 
Published: July 2021

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektivitasan modul elektronik berbasis saintifik pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains siswa SMA. Penelitian keefektifan modul elektronik berbasis saintifik ini didahului dengan penelitian pengembangan (RnD) terlebih dahulu dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu model pengembangan media yang mengacu pada teori Borg dan Gall dengan langkah-langkah yaitu, 1) penelitian dan mengumpulkan informasi, 2) merencanakan, 3) mengembangkan bentuk awal produk, 4) uji lapangan awal, 5) Rrevisi produk utama, 6) uji lapangan utama, 7) revisi produk operasional, 8) uji lapangan operasional, 9) revisi produk akhir, dan 10) diseminasi. Uji efektifitas produk modul elektronik dilaksanakan pada bagian revisi produk akhir. Sumber data pada penelitian ini berasal dari siswa SMAN 1 Teras. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 68 siswa dengan rincian masing-maing 34 siswa dari kelas XI MIA 2 dan XI MIA 3.Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi. Observasi keterampilan proses sains dilakukan oleh tiga observer. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaaan nilai keterampilan proses sains (KSP) antara kelas kontrol dan eksperimen sehingga modul elektonik berbasis sainstifik ini efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran guna memberdayakan keterampilan proses sains siswa.</p>
PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MELALUI DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN METODE EKSPERIMEN DAN DEMONSTRASI DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIVITAS SISWA SMK KELAS X PADA MATERI SIFAT MEKANIK BAHAN
Authors: Ekawati Yuli , Sunarno Widha , Cari Cari 
Published: July 2021

<p>Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan terkait penerapan discovery learning ini dalam dunia pendidikan. Menurut Hasanah (2015) ada beberapa hal yang tidak menggembirakan dari <em>discovery learning</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan interaksi penggunaan model <em>Discovery Learning</em>, metode eksperimen, metode demonstrasi, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas terhadap hasil belajar. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK Negeri 1 Kebonsari Madiun kelas X tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Sampel diambil dengan teknik <em>Cluster Random Sampling</em>, sampel terdiri dari 2 kelas yaitu kelas X KR A dan X KR C. Kelas X KR A diberi pembelajaran dengan <em>Discovery Learning </em>menggunakan metode eksperimen, sedangkan X KR C diberi pembelajaran <em>Discovery Learning</em> dengan metode demonstrasi. Data hasil belajar kognitif, kemampuan berpikir kritis diambil menggunakan instrumen tes, data kreativitas menggunakan angket sedangkan data hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotor menggunakan lembar observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi anava tiga jalan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji <em>compare means. </em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pembelajaran <em>discovery learning</em> menggunakan metode eksperimen dan demonstrasi terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik: 2) terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotorik; 3) terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotorik; 4) tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotorik; 5) tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif , afektif, psikomotorik; 6) tidak terdapat interaksi antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik; 7) tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik.</p>
DLPS DIPADU DENGAN NHT PADA PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA
Authors: Sulistyo Aris Joko , Sajidan Sajidan , Prayitno Baskoro Adi 
Published: July 2021

<p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) karakteristik model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT, 2) menguji kelayakan model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT, 3) menguji efektifitas model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT terhadap hasil belajar siswa SMP N 2 Tangen. Penelitian menggunakan metode <em>Research And Development</em> (R &amp; D) mengacu pada model Gall, Borg, and Gall (1983) yang dimodifikasi menjadi sembilan tahap. Responden pengembangan meliputi respon uji coba lapangan awal berjumlah 3 validator dan 2 praktisi, respon uji coba lapangan terbatas berjumlah 10 siswa, dan responden uji lapangan operasional berjumlah 32 siswa kelas <em>existing class, </em>39 siswa <em>modeling class</em>. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket, observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket, lembar observasi, dan tes. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan hasil belajar kognitif dianalisis dengan uji t (<em>t test</em>). Hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1) model yang dikembangkan mengacu pada model Gall, Borg, and Gall (1983) dan model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT terdapat sembilan sintak pembelajaran; 2) hasil pengembangan model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu denganNHT<em> </em>yang diperoleh dari ahli, praktisi, dan siswa masuk kedalam kategori baik, sehingga model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT layak digunakan sebagai model pembelajaran; 3) Hasil efektivitas model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT pada materi peredaran darah manusia terdapat kenaikan hasil belajar, dengan demikian model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa model yang telah dikembangkan dan diuji cobakan memperoleh hasil yang efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar.</p>