bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Level of Cyber-Ostracism and Self-Esteem in Medical Faculty Students
Authors: Oktar D , Unsal A , Arslantas D , Mutlu A , Oznur Muz FN 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Social media, which has become an indispensable part of our lives in recent years, is important for young people to socialize in online groups and to develop their self-esteem (SE). One of the dangers of increased use of social media is cyber ostracism (CO), defined as not being able to join a group and being ignored on social media. In the study, it was aimed to evaluate the level of CO and SE in medical faculty students.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on students of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine in 2021 spring semester. The questionnaire prepared based on the literature was filled out online by the participants. The study group consisted of 1092 (70% response rate) students who agreed to participate in the survey. The CO Scale was used to assess the level of CO, and the Rosenberg SE Scale was used for the assessment of SE. Mann Whitney-U test, Kruskal Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results
In the study group; 593 (54.3%) were female. Their ages ranged from 17-27, with a mean of 21.6 ± 2.0 years. The scores obtained from the CO scale ranged from 14 to 70, with an average of 24.8 ± 9.9 points. A moderate positive correlation was found between the scores the students got from the CO Scale and the SE Scale (r: 0.49, p: 0.001). Multiple Linear Regression analysis showed that; living in an extended family, not sparing time for hobbies during the day, having a type-A personality, poor face-to-face communication with peers, negative evaluation of parental attitudes, age at first use of smartphone below years 12 or less, use of smartphones for 5 hours or more a day, and Creating membership in social media by hiding their identity was a predictor for CO (F: 30.338, R2: 0.212, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
It can be said that CO is at a moderate level in medical faculty students. An inverse relationship between CO and SE was found in the study.

Key messages
İt’s recommended to plan more comprehensive studies on CO which is a new concept for digital health. Public health policies to reduce the level of CO may contribute to higher SE in future physicians.
Housing environmental and design attributes and psychoneuroimmunology profiles – a systematic review
Authors: Hernandez-Garcia E , Chrysikou E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) indicators, with the central role in low-grade systemic inflammation, are associated with major psychiatric disorders and late effects post-cancer treatment. Immune disturbances might mediate the effects of environmental determinants on the behaviour and mental disorders. Therefore, our primary objective is to evaluate whether the exposure to household environmental attributes can trigger PNI biomarker level changes, and to what extent a set of architecture parameters influence on the spatial dynamics of environmental variables.

Methods
A restricted systematic review is employed to generate knowledge synthesis about housing and mental recovery for the COVID-19 context in a resource-efficient manner. This review is conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook guideline and PRISMA statement. We searched in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Included studies need to be peer-reviewed, written in English and meet pre-defined eligibility criteria. Observational or intervention studies investigating the effects of either environmental determinants within home environments -air pollution, thermal comfort, lighting, electromagnetic fields, noise and nature- using objective metrics or housing design, or combination with a set of circulating biomarkers in PNI and correlate gut microbiome composition are included. Quantitative measures of mental morbidities common in the cancer survivorship are included as secondary outcomes. Study eligibility and quality assessments are carried out by one team member and verified by a second reviewer. A descriptive analysis is conducted.
To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to systematically explore and integrate the evidence available on the association multifactorial and dynamic of housing environmental and design attributes with immune and microbiome mechanisms.

Key messages
Disease surrogate markers based on systems biology and PNI approaches may help understand multi-level and multi-directional interactions among neuroimmune-microbiota function and housing exposure. This timely study contributes to understand if household environmental and architecture parameters might facilitate cancer rehabilitation via home design, restoring mental-physiological functions.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare leaders in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
Authors: Scarpis E , Bravo G , Cocconi R , Brunelli L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The current pandemic scenario may cause psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs). Although several studies highlighted this issue as particularly affecting frontline HCWs, no data are available regarding professionals dealing with the governance of healthcare organizations. This study aims to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare leaders (HeLs).

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out between October and November 2020, among HeLs working within Friuli-Venezia Giulia healthcare system (Italy). HeLs included: heads of surgical or medical department, deans of hospital, heads of doctors and nurses working at regional level or in hospital/community settings. We collected demographic data and assessed the presence of depressive (DS) and anxiety symptoms (AS), perceived stress (PS) and insomnia using internationally validated tools. Relationship between mental health outcomes and professional role was analysed using nonparametric tests.

Results
A total of 48 HeLs participated; their mean age was 53.4±7.9, women were 56.3%. Most (45.8%) were heads of department, 16.7% deans of hospital, 8.3% heads of doctors, 29.2% heads of nurses. The majority (60.4%) worked in hospital setting, 22.9% in the community and 16.7% at regional level. The prevalence of DS and AS was 14.6% and 12.5%, respectively. Moderate insomnia was found in 12.5% of HeLs, while severe insomnia in 6.3% of them. The 45.8% of HeLs showed moderate level of stress, whereas 4.2% high level. PS was significantly higher among deans of hospital. Moreover, lower PS correlated with lower DS, AS and insomnia (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The high level of perceived stress, insomnia, depressive and anxious symptoms experienced by HeLs shows another issue of the COVID-19 pandemic psychological impact. Considered the key role of HeLs in leading healthcare organizations over the current crisis, mental health of these professionals is a major issue that needs higher attention.

Key messages
Psychological impact of COVID19 not only affects frontline HCWs, but also the professionals who are leading healthcare organization through the crisis. Promotion of mental well-being among HCWs should be improved at all levels of healthcare organizations, ensuring a healthier workplace for all professionals working for public health.
Sexual and reproductive health education for women in a migrant camp in Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Graham A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Serbia borders the European Union (EU). It hosts 18 migrant camps for migrants/refugees blocked from entering the EU. A camp in Belgrade, houses 450 people, most residing there for over a year. The women are vulnerable due to no/low education, early marriage, multiple children, perilous journeys travelled, shared basic accommodation, and uncertain status/futures. The UN sustainable development goal 3 highlights the importance of improving sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in humanitarian settings. SRH education empowers women to plan/prevent pregnancies, prevent spread of sexually transmitted infections, and to know when to see a doctor. Many migrant camps exist across Europe housing similarly vulnerable women who would benefit from SRH education. The objectives were to 1. Create a safe space for sharing SRH concerns; 2. Assess knowledge and needs; 3. Develop and deliver a bespoke SRH programme in collaboration with the women; 4. Assess impact on knowledge. I facilitated SRH discussions and built rapport, the women then completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing knowledge/needs. I developed a series of monthly SRH workshops delivered over a year. The questions posed were 1. Was SRH education needed/desired? 2. Would women attend? 3. Would SRH knowledge improve?
The discussions and questionnaire demonstrated the need and desire for SRH education. 4-10 women (average 8) attended each workshop, with open discussions generated. The women's knowledge increased, extrapolated from workshop activities and qualitative feedback. These migrant women had an unmet need for SRH education, which was addressed via this programme. It demonstrated an increase in SRH knowledge, enabling informed SRH decision making and ultimately improving public health. Migrant women reside in camps across Europe, and would benefit from this programme. Creating a collaborative, bespoke SRH programme with migrant women in transit across Europe is both innovative and important.

Key messages
Vulnerable female migrants residing in a migrant camp in Belgrade had an unmet need/desire for sexual and reproductive health education which was addressed via a bespoke programme of SRH workshops. Migrant camps exist across Europe housing vulnerable women who urgently require access to good quality sexual and reproductive health education and care in order to improve overall public health.
Learning from the pandemic, and getting ready for the next one
Authors:   Organised by: European Commission, EUPHA,   Moderators: Isabel de la Mata (EC), Dineke Zeegers Paget (EUPHA)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Covid-19 has shown us that most countries were not focusing their emergency preparedness plans in the correct direction. Covid-19 is a long-term health event, with serious impact on so many different sectors. Preparedness plans were conceived only for health events that are more explosive in initiation and resolution.
Governments of a wide range of levels of competency, and covering much of the political spectrum, all failed to address the pandemic effectively, both from the health point of view and from the social point of view. So, what can we learn from our successes and from our failures?
In a ‘learning from this pandemic’ round, we ask all panellists to reflect on the successes and failures (each 5 minutes). In a second round, we will be asking the panellists for their ideas on how to be better prepared for future pandemics. The final 5 minutes are for the next generation of public health professionals, summarizing the ‘take home’ messages.

Speakers:
Andrea Ammon European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Sandra Gallina Health and Food Safety, European Commission Michael Edelstein EUPHA-ICD Laura de la Torre Pérez Specialist in Preventive Medicine and Public Health
Delineating infection strategies ofLeishmania donovanisecretory proteins in Human through host–pathogen protein Interactome prediction
Authors: Panditrao Gauri , Ganguli Piyali , Sarkar Ram Rup 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTInteractions of Leishmania donovani secretory virulence factors with the host proteins and their interplay during the infection process in humans is poorly studied in Visceral Leishmaniasis. Lack of a holistic study of pathway level de-regulations caused due to these virulence factors leads to a poor understanding of the parasite strategies to subvert the host immune responses, secure its survival inside the host and further the spread of infection to the visceral organs. In this study, we propose a computational workflow to predict host–pathogen protein interactome of L.donovani secretory virulence factors with human proteins combining sequence-based Interolog mapping and structure-based Domain Interaction mapping techniques. We further employ graph theoretical approaches and shortest path methods to analyze the interactome. Our study deciphers the infection paths involving some unique and understudied disease-associated signaling pathways influencing the cellular phenotypic responses in the host. Our statistical analysis based in silico knockout study unveils for the first time UBC, 1433Z and HS90A mediator proteins as potential immunomodulatory candidates through which the virulence factors employ the infection paths. These identified pathways and novel mediator proteins can be effectively used as possible targets to control and modulate the infection process further aiding in the treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Modelling above-ground biomass ofPinus radiatatrees with explicit multivariate uncertainty
Authors: Sandoval Simón , Montes Cristián R , Olmedo Guillermo F , Acuña Eduardo , Mena-Quijada Pablo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe biomass content and carbon captured by forest plantations is of interest, for example in the context of climate change and carbon budgets.The main objective of our study was to develop functions to estimate the total biomass and its components (stem, branches, bark and leaves) of Pinus radiata D. Don trees in Chile. The methodology proposed for the model fitting uses the maximum likelihood method in a multivariate equation system fitting simultaneously. The fit strategy incorporates additivity restrictions in the estimation functions and in the variance functions to incorporate the heteroskedasticity of biomass, and three structures of the variance–covariance matrix were evaluated to assess the dependence of the different components of tree biomass. Non-linear biomass functions that used the variable $D^2H$ performed best according to several indicators of goodness-of-fit (log-likelihood, Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion) and estimation precision (root mean square error (RMSE), Bias and EI). The simple structure of both biomass and variance estimation functions was $\beta _1 (D^2H)^{\beta _2}$, and in the modelling system for total tree biomass RMSE between 54.1-54.4 kg (28-36%) were obtained. The three variance–covariance matrix structures evaluated did not generate clear differences in relation to the RMSE, bias and Error Index indicators. The structure of the variance–covariance matrix that incorporated explicitly in the system equations allowed modelling of the relationship between biomass components.
Left ventricular assist device implants in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: do we need cardiopulmonary bypass?
Authors: Pappalardo Federico , Potapov Evgenij , Loforte Antonio , Morshuis Michiel , Schibilsky David , Zimpfer Daniel , Riebandt Julia , Etz Christian , Attisani Matteo , Rinaldi Mauro , Haneya Assad , Ramjankhan Faiz , Donker Dirk , Jorde Ulrich P , Lewin Daniel , Wieloch Radi , Ayala Rafael , Cremer Jochen , Bertoldi Letizia , Borger Michael , Lichtenberg Artur , Gummert Jan , Saeed Diyar ,   the Durable MCS after ECLS study group
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Implanting a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in a patient on extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is challenging. The goal of this study was to compare the results of patients from a European registry who had a durable LVAD implanted with or without transition from ECLS to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODS
A total of 531 patients on ECLS support who had an LVAD implant between January 2010 and August 2018 were analysed; after 1:1 propensity score matching, we identified and compared 175 patients in each group.

RESULTS
The duration of preoperative ECLS was 7 [standard deviation (SD) 6] vs 7 (SD 6) days in patients with or without CPB (P = 0.984). The surgical time was longer in the CPB group [285 (SD 72) vs 209 [SD 75] min; P ≤ 0.001). The postoperative chest tube output was comparable [1513 (SD 1311) vs 1390 (SD 1121) ml; P = 0.3]. However, re-exploration for bleeding was necessary in 41% vs 29% of patients with or without CPB (P = 0.01) and a significantly higher number of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma [8 (SD 8) vs 6 (SD 4) units; P = 0.001 and 6 (SD 7) vs 5 (SD 5) units; P = 0.03] were administered to patients operated on with CPB. A postoperative mechanical right ventricular support device was necessary in 50% vs 41% of patients (P = 0.08). The stroke rate was not significantly different (P 0.99). No difference in survival was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Omitting CPB for an LVAD implant in patients on ECLS is safe and results in shorter operating time, less re-exploration for bleeding and fewer blood products. However, no survival benefit is observed.
Did primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum risk factor alter in the period of COVID-19 pandemia?
Authors: Aker Cemal , Sezen Celal Buğra , Sezen Ayşegül İnci , Doğru Mustafa Vedat , Özbek Merve , Metin Muzaffer , Cansever Levent , Bedirhan Mehmet Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In this study, we aimed to establish risk factors for primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reveal those which are significant.

METHODS
The study included 62 patients with primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum who presented to our hospital between 11 March 2020, the date of the first-reported COVID-19 case in our country, and 3 January 2021. Of these, 14 patients (22.6%) had COVID-19 and 48 patients (77.4%) did not have COVID-19.

RESULTS
Of the 62 patients included in the study, 41 (66.1%) were male and 21 (33.9%) were female. The mean age was 28.90 ± 16.86 (range, 16–84) years. The most common symptom at admission was chest pain (54.8%). The mean age of the patients with COVID-19 was 39.35 ± 23.04 years and that of the patients without COVID-19 was 25.85 ± 13.45 years (P &lt; 0.001). In receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve for age was 0.785 (95% confidence interval: 0.648–0.922) and the optimal cut-off value was 24 years for COVID-19-positive patients. The highest sensitivity and specificity values were 0.857 and 0.729. Twelve (85.79%) of the COVID-19-positive primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum patients were aged 24 years or older (P &lt; 0.001). Five patients (8.1%) had positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test but no abnormal findings on computed tomography.

CONCLUSIONS
Having an age of more than 24 years was associated with a higher prevalence of pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients and emerged as an important risk factor. Multicentre studies with more cases are needed to determine whether pneumomediastinum is associated with additional other risk factors related to COVID-19.
How Did Environmental Governance Become Complex? Understanding Mutualism Between Environmental NGOs and International Organizations
Authors: Green Jessica F , Hadden Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent international relations scholarship has adopted the perspective of organizational ecology (OE) to explore a range of questions related to organizational emergence, strategy, and death. These studies draw attention to organizational competition as the mechanism underpinning important transformations in global governance. We argue that existing work in IR that uses OE has overlooked the importance of another strand of sociological theory that focuses on dynamics of mutualism between organizations. We illustrate the importance of mutualism by focusing on a crucial case: the evolution of different “populations” of organizations working in environmental governance during its critical 1970–1990 period. Our analysis demonstrates that as the environmental consciousness of the 1970s took hold, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) increasingly captured new resources and stimulated new attention to the issue. Rather than viewing these new actors as competition, existing international organizations (IOs) sought to incorporate and legitimate INGOs, promoting their growth. And in turn, INGOs sought to support and legitimate the activities of the existing IOs, promoting growth of Secretariats and treaties. Our account offers an important organizational-level story that shows that dynamics of mutualism help account for the increased complexity of global governance.
Cellular senescence and its impact on the circadian clock
Authors: Ahmed Rezwana , Reza Hasan Mahmud , Shinohara Kazuyuki , Nakahata Yasukazu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ageing is one of the greatest risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, and cellular senescence is one of the major causes of ageing and age-related diseases. The persistent presence of senescent cells in late life seems to cause disarray in a tissue-specific manner. Ageing disrupts the circadian clock system, which results in the development of many age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiac diseases and sleep disorders and an increased susceptibility to infections. In this review, we first discuss cellular senescence and some of its basic characteristics and detrimental roles. Then, we discuss a relatively unexplored topic on the link between cellular senescence and the circadian clock and attempt to determine whether cellular senescence could be the underlying factor for circadian clock disruption.
Property Inheritance, Deferred Reference and Copredication
Authors: Gotham Matthew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are sentences that are coherent and possibly true, but in which there is at the very least the appearance of a conflict between the requirements of two (or more) predicates that are applied to the same argument. This phenomenon, known as copredication, raises various issues for linguistic theory. In this paper I defend and develop an approach to the issues of counting and individuation in copredication put forward in previous work, in dialogue with criticisms made by Liebesman & Magidor and their own positive account of copredication.
Defining the Family of Washington: Meaning, Blood, and Power in the New American Nation
Authors: Good Cassandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article examines the many meanings of family that George Washington deployed throughout his life, with particular attention to his claim to having “no family.” Drawing on kinship theory, historiography, and Washington’s writings, it situates his varied understandings of family in the context of Anglo-American notions of inheritance law, lineage, and blood. Washington’s and his fellow Americans’ definitions of family were also intimately tied to the political ideals of a new republic hoping to sever family from government power. Careful analysis of the family as an ever-changing and situational process in Washington’s life provides a model for an alternative way of approaching family history.