bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board
Authors: Aime Silvio , Al-Qahtani Mohammed , Behe Martin , Bormans Guy , Carlucci Giuseppe , DaSilva Jean N. , Decristoforo Clemens , Duatti Adriano , Elsinga Philip H. , Kopka Klaus , Li Xiang-Guo , Liu Zhibo , Mach Robert H. , Middel Oskar , Passchier Jan , Patt Marianne , Penuelas Ivan , Rey Ana , Scott Peter J. H. , Todde Sergio , Toyohara Jun , Vugts Danielle , Yang Zhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biyearly highlight commentary to update the readership on trends in the field of radiopharmaceutical development.

Results
This commentary of highlights has resulted in 23 different topics selected by each member of the Editorial Board addressing a variety of aspects ranging from novel radiochemistry to first in man application of novel radiopharmaceuticals.

Conclusion
Trends in radiochemistry and radiopharmacy are highlighted demonstrating the progress in the research field being the scope of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry.
Should intramuscular clozapine be adopted into mainstream clinical practice?
Authors: Bhattacherjee Shaun , Young Anthony , Ahuja Niraj , Allen Steven 
Published: March 2021

SummaryClozapine is under-used in the UK, and Casetta et al's recent paper in the BJPsych adds to a growing number of small studies that support the use of intramuscular clozapine to initiate and maintain treatment with oral clozapine. However, intramuscular clozapine remains unlicensed and, because of the risks associated with its administration, it should be used only cautiously before it can be adopted more widely into mainstream clinical practice.
Low-Dose Tamoxifen for Mammographic Density Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eriksson Mikael , Eklund Martin , Borgquist Signe , Hellgren Roxanna , Margolin Sara , Thoren Linda , Rosendahl Ann , Lång Kristina , Tapia José , Bäcklund Magnus , Discacciati Andrea , Crippa Alessio , Gabrielson Marike , Hammarström Mattias , Wengström Yvonne , Czene Kamila , Hall Per 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE Tamoxifen prevents breast cancer in high-risk women and reduces mortality in the adjuvant setting. Mammographic density change is a proxy for tamoxifen therapy response. We tested whether lower doses of tamoxifen were noninferior to reduce mammographic density and associated with fewer symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women, 40-74 years of age, participating in the Swedish mammography screening program were invited to the 6-month double-blind six-arm randomized placebo-controlled noninferiority dose-determination KARISMA phase II trial stratified by menopausal status (EudraCT 2016-000882-22). In all, 1,439 women were accrued with 1,230 participants accessible for intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome was proportion of women treated with placebo, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg whose mammographic density decreased at least as much as the median reduction in the 20 mg arm. The noninferior margin was 17%. Secondary outcome was reduction of symptoms. Post hoc analyses were performed by menopausal status. Per-protocol population and full population were analyzed in sensitivity analysis. RESULTS The 1,439 participants, 566 and 873 pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively, were recruited between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2019. The participants had noninferior mammographic density reduction following 2.5, 5, and 10 mg tamoxifen compared with the median 10.1% decrease observed in the 20 mg group, a reduction confined to premenopausal women. Severe vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, cold sweats, and night sweats) were reduced by approximately 50% in the 2.5, 5, and 10 mg groups compared with the 20 mg group. CONCLUSION Premenopausal women showed noninferior magnitude of breast density decrease at 2.5 mg of tamoxifen, but fewer side effects compared with the standard dose of 20 mg. Future studies should test whether 2.5 mg of tamoxifen reduces the risk of primary breast cancer.
Mantis shrimp identify an object by its shape rather than its color during visual recognition
Authors: Patel Rickesh N. , Khil Veniamin , Abdurahmonova Laylo , Driscoll Holland , Patel Sarina , Pettyjohn-Robin Olivia , Shah Ahmad , Goldwasser Tamar , Sparklin Benjamin , Cronin Thomas W. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Mantis shrimp commonly inhabit seafloor environments with an abundance of visual features including conspecifics, predators, prey and landmarks used for navigation. Although these animals are capable of discriminating color and polarization, it is unknown what specific attributes of a visual object are important during recognition. Here, we show that mantis shrimp of the species Neogonodactylus oerstedii are able to learn the shape of a trained target. Further, when the shape and color of a target that they had been trained to identify were placed in conflict, N. oerstedii tended to choose the target of the trained shape over the target of the trained color. Thus, we conclude that the shape of the target was more salient than its color during recognition by N. oerstedii, suggesting that the shapes of objects, such as landmarks or other animals, are important for their identification by the species.
Comparison of Activity Monitors Accuracy in Assessing Intermittent Outdoor Walking
Authors: TAOUM ALINE , CHAUDRU SÉGOLÈNE , DE MÜLLENHEIM PIERRE-YVES , CONGNARD FLORIAN , EMILY MATHIEU , NOURY-DESVAUX BÉNÉDICTE , BICKERT SANDRINE , CARRAULT GUY , MAHÉ GUILLAUME , LE FAUCHEUR ALEXIS 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine and compare the accuracy of different activity monitors in assessing intermittent outdoor walking in both healthy and clinical populations through the development and validation of processing methodologies.

Methods
In study 1, an automated algorithm was implemented and tested for the detection of short (≤1 min) walking and stopping bouts during prescribed walking protocols performed by healthy subjects in environments with low and high levels of obstruction. The following parameters obtained from activity monitors were tested, with different recording epochs0.1s/0.033s/1s/3s/10s and wearing locationsscapula/hip/wrist/ankle: GlobalSat DG100 (GS) and Qstarz BT-Q1000XT/-Q1000eX (QS) speed; ActiGraph wGT3X+ (AG) vector magnitude (VM) raw data, VM counts, and steps; and StepWatch3 (SW) steps. Furthermore, linear mixed models were developed to estimate walking speeds and distances from the monitors parameters. Study 2 validated the performance of the activity monitors and processing methodologies in a clinical population showing profile of intermittent walking due to functional limitations during outdoor walking sessions.

Results
In study 1, GS1s, scapula, QS1s, scapula/wrist speed, and AG0.033s, hip VM raw data provided the highest bout detection rates (>96.7%) and the lowest root mean square errors in speed (≤0.4 km·h−1) and distance (<18 m) estimation. Using SW3s, ankle steps, the root mean square error for walking/stopping duration estimation reached 13.6 min using proprietary software and 0.98 min using our algorithm (total recording duration, 282 min). In study 2, using AG0.033s, hip VM raw data, the bout detection rate (95% confidence interval) reached 100% (99%–100%), and the mean (SD) absolute percentage errors in speed and distance estimation were 9% (6.6%) and 12.5% (7.9%), respectively.

Conclusions
GPS receivers and AG demonstrated high performance in assessing intermittent outdoor walking in both healthy and clinical populations.
Fasciectomy for Recurrent Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Anterior Leg
Authors: VOGELS SANNE , VAN ARK WENDELA , JANSSEN LOES , SCHELTINGA MARC R. M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether a fasciectomy for recurrent chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior leg (ant-CECS) after a minimally invasive fasciotomy is safe and beneficial.

Methods
Demographics and clinical course of patients undergoing a fasciectomy for ongoing exercise-related leg pain (ERLP) after an earlier minimally invasive fasciotomy for ant-CECS were prospectively obtained using questionnaires. Patient-reported severity and frequency of pain, tightness, weakness, cramping, and paresthesia in rest and during exercise were scored before and after surgery. A successful outcome was defined as a self-reported good or excellent result.

Results
Between January 2013 and March 2019, 24 of the 958 patients evaluated for ERLP were included in the study (15 females; median age, 24 yr; range, 14–37 yr). Intracompartmental pressure values before the minimally invasive fasciotomy and before the fasciectomy were not different. Perioperative findings were fibrotic bands, pseudofascias, or complete fusions of fascial edges. Postoperative superficial wound infections requiring oral antibiotics occurred in four legs. After rehabilitation, the total symptom scores during exercise and resting conditions decreased threefold compared with preoperatively (exercise, 55 ± 5 to 17 ± 3, P < 0.001; rest, 30 ± 4 to 10 ± 2, P < 0.001). All cardinal symptoms decreased significantly, but the largest improvements were reported for pain and tightness. At follow-up (median, 12 months; range, 2–65 months), 79% of patients reported a successful outcome, whereas 75% had returned to physical activity.

Conclusion
An anterior fasciectomy with associated treatment of correlated pathologies can be safe and beneficial in patients with ongoing ERLP who previously underwent a minimally invasive fasciotomy for ant-CECS.
Time Course of Skeletal Muscle miRNA Expression after Resistance, High-Intensity Interval, and Concurrent Exercise
Authors: TELLES GUILHERME DEFANTE , LIBARDI CLEITON AUGUSTO , CONCEIÇÃO MIGUEL SOARES , VECHIN FELIPE CASSARO , LIXANDRÃO MANOEL EMÍLIO , DE ANDRADE ANDRÉ LUÍS LUGNANI , GUEDES DANIEL NOVAIS , UGRINOWITSCH CARLOS , CAMERA DONNY MICHAEL 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exercise-induced microRNA (miRNA) expression has been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity. However, the specificity and acute time course in miRNA expression after divergent exercise modes are unknown. In a randomized crossover design, we compared the acute expression profile of eight skeletal muscle miRNAs previously reported to be involved in skeletal muscle development, growth, and maintenance after a bout of either resistance exercise (RE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval exercises (CE).

Methods
Nine untrained young men (23.9 ± 2.8 yr, 70.1 ± 14.9 kg, 177.2 ± 3.0 cm, 41.4 ± 5.2 mL·kg−1·min−1) underwent a counterbalanced crossover design in which they performed bouts of RE (2 × 10 repetitions maximum 45° leg press and leg extension exercises), HIEE (12 × 1-min sprints at V˙O2peak with 1-min rest intervals between sprints), and CE (RE followed by HIIE), separated by 1 wk. Vastus lateralis biopsies were harvested immediately before (Pre) and immediately (0 h), 4 h, and 8 h after each exercise bout.

Results
There were similar increases (main effect of time; P < 0.05) in miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b, miR-181a-3p, and miR-486 expression at 8 h from Pre with all exercise modes. Besides a main effect of time, miR-23a-3p and miR-206 presented a main effect of condition with lower expression after HIIE compared with RE and CE.

Conclusions
Select miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b, miR-23a-3p, miR-181a-3p, miR-206, miR-486) do not exhibit an expression specificity in the acute recovery period after a single bout of RE, HIIE, or CE in skeletal muscle. Our data also indicate that RE has a higher effect on the expression of miR-23a-3p and miR-206 than HIIE. As upregulation of these miRNAs seems to be confined to the 8-h period after exercise, this may subsequently affect the expression patterns of target mRNAs forming the basis of exercise-induced adaptive responses.
Initial Weight Change and Long-Term Changes in Weight and Compensation during Supervised Exercise Training
Authors: DORLING JAMES L. , HÖCHSMANN CHRISTOPH , FEARNBACH S. NICOLE , APOLZAN JOHN W. , HSIA DANIEL S. , JOHANNSEN NEIL M. , CHURCH TIM S. , MARTIN CORBY K. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Our primary aim was to investigate the association between initial weight change and longer-term changes in weight and compensation (predicted weight loss–observed weight loss) during exercise. As secondary aims, we investigated if initial weight change was related to change in cardiometabolic risk markers and energy balance modulators.

Methods
Two 6-month randomized controlled exercise trials conducted in individuals with overweight or obesity were analyzed (study 1, n = 312; study 2, n = 102). In both studies, participants in an exercise condition (4 kcal·kg−1·wk−1 [KKW], 8 KKW, 12 KKW, or 20 KKW) were split into tertiles based on percent weight change from baseline to week 4. Tertiles 1 and 3 exhibited the least and most initial weight loss, respectively. Changes in end points were compared between tertiles.

Results
At month 6, weight loss was lower in tertile 1 than tertile 3 (study 1: −3.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.6 to −2.6; study 2: −1.8%, 95% CI = −3.1 to −0.4; P ≤ 0.034). Tertile 1 also showed greater compensation than tertile 3 in study 1 (3.0 kg, 95% CI = 2.2 to 3.9) and study 2 (1.5 kg, 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.6; P ≤ 0.048). Changes in triglycerides and, in study 1, HDL cholesterol were less favorable in tertile 1 versus tertile 3 (P ≤ 0.043); however, changes in other cardiometabolic markers were similar (P ≥ 0.209). In study 2, tertile 1 increased energy intake and exhibited maladaptive changes in eating behaviors relative to tertile 3 (P < 0.050). No between-tertile differences in cumulative exercise energy expenditure and physical activity were evident (P ≥ 0.321).

Conclusions
Less initial weight loss was associated with longer-term attenuated weight loss and greater compensation during aerobic exercise training. Individuals who display less initial weight loss during exercise may require early interventions to decrease compensation and facilitate weight loss.
Change in Force-based Metrics during Outdoor 2- and 4-Mile Runs
Authors: RENNER KRISTEN , QUEEN ROBIN M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Changes in running gait may contribute to injury risk, but currently, this research is restricted to laboratory settings because of limitations with currently available and used technology.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine if peak ground reaction force (GRF), loading rate (LR), and impulse metrics change across an outdoor run using force sensing insoles. We hypothesize that over the course of the run there would be a decline in limb symmetry for all measures and a decrease in LR and GRF values.

Methods
Thirty healthy participants (15 male, 15 female) were recruited for a two-visit study during which a 2- or 4-mile run was completed on the first visit and the other run distance was completed on the second visit (order was randomized). Force data were collected at 100 Hz for the duration of the run. Peak GRF, impulse, LR, and limb symmetry indices (LSI) of these variables were calculated at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the run.

Results
GRF decreased over the course of the runs, but the GRF LSI remained unchanged. No changes in LR were detected over the 2- or 4-mile run for either limb. The impulse LSI during the 2-mile run did indicate decreased symmetry from 25% of the run to 50% of the run, the LR LSI improved, and there was no difference in GRF LSI or any of the LSI metrics during the 4-mile run.

Conclusions
We posit that the lack in change in LSI was due to the courses/distance not inducing fatigue in our population. Future studies should investigate the effect of outdoor fatigue protocols and various types of terrain on force metrics and potential injury risk factors.
Repeatability and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient and fat fraction measurement of focal myeloma lesions on whole body magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Barwick Tara , Orton Matthew , Koh Dow Mu , Kaiser Martin , Rockall Andrea , Tunariu Nina , Blackledge Matthew , Messiou Christina 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To assess intra- and inter-reader variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat fraction (FF) measurement in focal myeloma bone lesions and the influence of lesion size.

Methods:
22 myeloma patients with focal active disease on whole body MRI were included. Two readers outlined a small (5–10 mm) and large lesion (&gt;10 mm) in each subject on derived ADC and FF maps; one reader performed this twice. Intra- and inter-reader agreement for small and large lesion groups were calculated for derived statistics from each map using within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation, interclass correlation coefficient measures, and visualized with Bland–Altman plots.

Results:
For mean ADC, intra- and inter-reader repeatability demonstrated equivalently low coefficient of variation (3.0–3.6%) and excellent interclass correlation coefficient (0.975–0.982) for both small and large lesions. For mean FF, intra- and inter-reader repeatability was significantly poorer for small lesions compared to large lesions (intra-reader within-subject standard variation estimate is 2.7 times higher for small lesions than large lesions (p = 0.0071), and for inter-reader variations is 3.8 times higher (p = 0.0070)).

Conclusion:
There is excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement for mean ADC estimates, even for lesions as small as 5 mm. For FF measurements, there is a significant increase in coefficient of variation for smaller lesions, suggesting lesions &gt;10 mm should be selected for lesion FF measurement.

Advances in knowledge:
ADC measurements of focal myeloma have excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement. FF measurements are more susceptible to lesion size as intra- and inter-reader agreement is significantly impaired in lesions less than 10 mm.
A Toolkit for Robust Risk Assessment UsingF-Divergences
Authors: Kruse Thomas , Schneider Judith C. , Schweizer Nikolaus 
Published: March 2021

This paper assembles a toolkit for the assessment of model risk when model uncertainty sets are defined in terms of an F-divergence ball around a reference model. We propose a new family of F-divergences that are easy to implement and flexible enough to imply convincing uncertainty sets for broad classes of reference models. We use our theoretical results to construct concrete examples of divergences that allow for significant amounts of uncertainty about lognormal or heavy-tailed Weibull reference models without implying that the worst case is necessarily infinitely bad. We implement our tools in an open-source software package and apply them to three risk management problems from operations management, insurance, and finance.This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.
nomen omen. una narrativa pedagógica sobre una comunidad de indagación en contexto de formación docente
Authors: Rodriguez Gonzalo Santiago 
Published: March 2021

This paper recounts the experience of a community of inquiry in a Philosophy with Children´s workshop directed at teacher training students. The workshop experience is documented in the form of pedagogical narrative, a practice-training-research strategy that seeks to make school practice visible from the teacher´s point of view. Our narrative documents the experience of the workshop in the students’ voices. Between August and October 2018, each session was audio-recorded and transcribed. The critical issue of the narrative analyzed here is the question of names; the discussion shows how the name not only constitutes a fundamental issue for identity definition, but also problematizes identity. The students’ experience of naming and being named opens questions about the teacher’s role in the classroom context, and problematizes the concept of the human subject in current pedagogical discourse, particularly in its opposition to the concept of community of inquiry in current philosophy of education discourse.
Factors influencing retention among hospital nurses: systematic review
Authors: Marufu Takawira C , Collins Alexandra , Vargas Liavel , Gillespie Lucy , Almghairbi Dalal 
Published: March 2021

Background: Recruitment and retention of nursing staff is the biggest workforce challenge faced by healthcare institutions. Across the UK, there are currently around 50 000 nursing vacancies, and the number of people leaving the Nursing and Midwifery Council register is increasing. Objective: This review comprehensively compiled an update on factors affecting retention among hospital nursing staff. Methods: Five online databases; EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and NICE Evidence were searched for relevant primary studies published until 31 December 2018 on retention among nurses in hospitals. Results: Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine domains influencing staff turnover were found: nursing leadership and management, education and career advancement, organisational (work) environment, staffing levels, professional issues, support at work, personal influences, demographic influences, and financial remuneration. Conclusion: Identified turnover factors are long-standing. To mitigate the impact of these factors, evaluation of current workforce strategies should be high priority.
Patient-reported outcome measures used in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Yiou , Yin Meihua , Zhu Shibai , Chen Xi , Zhou Hongru , Qian Wenwei 
Published: March 2021

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are being used increasingly in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We conducted a systematic review aimed at identifying psychometrically sound PROMs by appraising their measurement properties. Studies concerning the development and/or evaluation of the measurement properties of PROMs used in a TKA population were systematically retrieved via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus. Ratings for methodological quality and measurement properties were conducted according to updated COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology. Of the 155 articles on 34 instruments included, nine PROMs met the minimum requirements for psychometric validation and can be recommended to use as measures of TKA outcome: Oxford Knee Score (OKS); OKS–Activity and Participation Questionnaire (OKS-APQ); 12-item short form Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS-12); KOOS Physical function Short form (KOOS-PS); Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index-Total Knee Replacement function short form (WOMAC-TKR); Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS); Forgotten Joint Score (FJS); Patient’s Knee Implant Performance (PKIP); and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score. The pain and function subscales in WOMAC, as well as the pain, function, and quality of life subscales in KOOS, were validated psychometrically as standalone subscales instead of as whole instruments. However, none of the included PROMs have been validated for all measurement properties. Thus, further studies are still warranted to evaluate those PROMs. Use of the other 25 scales and subscales should be tempered until further studies validate their measurement properties.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(3):203–217.