bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conducting tobacco industry informant interviews: lessons and implications for commercial determinants of health research
Authors: Watts Christina , Burton Suzan , Freeman Becky 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Investigating and exposing tobacco industry tactics to oppose and interfere with tobacco control policymaking is crucial to advancing public health. Whilst past investigations of tobacco industry activities have largely focused on secondary sources of information, such as publicly available tobacco industry documents, the collection of first-hand evidence from key informants has been an under-utilized method in tobacco industry monitoring. This article provides a detailed account of a methodological approach to systematically recruit former tobacco company employees as key informants for a study that aimed to gather information on the marketing tactics tobacco companies use in the Australian retail channel. Given the success of our study methodology in uncovering new information about tobacco company practices, we propose that key informant interviews with former industry employees should be a priority method for research investigating the role of commercial actors in influencing public health outcomes. To offer guidance to researchers who may wish to undertake a similar methodological approach, we also provide a reflective account of the elements of success and the lessons learned from this research.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)—tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a first-line treatment for postoperative recurrent and EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Moriya Tetsuji , Hamaji Masatsugu , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Miyata Ryo , Noguchi Misa , Tamari Shigeyuki , Chiba Naohisa , Miyamoto Hideaki , Toyazaki Toshiya , Tanaka Satona , Yamada Yoshito , Yutaka Yojiro , Nakajima Daisuke , Ohsumi Akihiro , Menju Toshi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To clarify survival outcomes and prognostic factors of patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) - tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as first-line treatment for postoperative recurrence.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify consecutive patients who received EGFR-TKIs as first-line treatment for postoperative recurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring EGFR gene mutations at our institution between August 2002 and October 2020. Therapeutic response, adverse events, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Survival outcomes were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariable and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS
Sixty-four patients were included in the study. The objective response and disease control rates were 53% and 92%, respectively. Grade 3 or greater adverse events were noted in 4 (6.3%) patients, including 1 patient (1.6%) of interstitial pneumonia. The median follow-up period was 28.5 months (range 3–202 months). The total number of events was 43 for PFS and 23 for OS, respectively. The median PFS was 18 months, and the median OS was 61 months after EGFR-TKI treatment. In multivariable analysis, osimertinib showed a tendency to prolong PFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12–1.1; P = 0.071], whereas the micropapillary component was significantly associated with shorter OS (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.02–6.9; P = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS
EGFR-TKIs as first-line treatment appeared to be a reasonable treatment option in selected patients with postoperative recurrent EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Osimertinib and the micropapillary component may be prognostic factors.
Concealment as Responsibility Shifting in Overlapping Generations Organizations
Authors: Tajika Tomoya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Firms sometimes have problems with their products or management systems: problems that can lead to catastrophic events. However, while workers in these firms are often aware of these problems, they sometimes fail to report them to their superiors. This paper examines workers’ incentives for concealing problems within an overlapping generations organization consisting of a subordinate and a manager. The results reveal that concealment exhibits strategic complementarity across different generations, which can lead to multiple equilibria. Further, imposing punishment and rewards on managers may paradoxically increase the motivation for concealment (JEL D23, D82, M51).
Who Watches the Watchmen: Evidence of the Effect of Body-Worn Cameras on New York City Policing
Authors: Zamoff Mitchell E , Greenwood Brad N , Burtch Gordon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a multi-year study of the rollout of Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) to the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Our study adds to the prior body of work by clarifying some of the discord within it, particularly with respect to large urban police departments. We estimate the effect of BWC deployment on precinct volumes of citizen stops, arrests, complaints against officers, and use-of-force incidents. Results indicate that BWCs drive significant increases in stops and decreases in arrests and citizen complaints. We observe no effect on use of force. We also document heterogeneity in affected stops and complaints. Our findings speak to three potential benefits of BWCs in urban law enforcement: an increase in legitimate stops made by police; a decrease in complaints alleging officers’ abuse of authority; and a reduction in arrests (which appears beneficial, regardless of whether this results from improved behavior among police or citizens).
Investigation of Developmental Stage/Age, Gamma Irradiation Dose, and Temperature in Sterilization of MaleAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) in a Sterile Insect Technique Program
Authors: Ernawan Beni , Anggraeni Tjandra , Yusmalinar Sri , Ahmad Intan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sterilization process using gamma irradiation is a crucial component in a program using sterile insect technique (SIT) to control Aedes aegypti. Unfortunately, there is no efficient standard protocol for sterilizing mosquitoes that can produce a high level of sterility while maintaining mating ability and longevity. Therefore, we conducted a study of the critical factors necessary to develop such a standard protocol. In this study, male Ae. aegypti pupae, as well as adults aged 1 d and 3 d, were irradiated using a Gamma-cell 220 irradiator doses of 0, 20, 40, 60, 70, 80, and 100 Gray (Gy). In addition, male Ae. aegypti in the pupal and adult stage aged 1 d were irradiated at a dose of 70 Gy at various temperatures. Changes in emergence rates, longevity, sterility, and mating competitiveness were recorded for each combination of parameters. Results showed that an increase of irradiation dose leads to a rise of induced sterility at all developmental stages, while simultaneously reducing emergence rate, survival, and mating competitiveness. Higher temperatures resulted in increased levels of sterility, reduced longevity, and did not affect the ability to mate. This study found that an irradiation dose of 70 Gy at a temperature between 20.00 and 22.30°C administered in the pupal stage induced a high level of sterility (around 98%), while maintaining mating competitiveness and longevity.
Mean field dynamo action in shearing flows – II. Fluctuating kinetic helicity with zero mean
Authors: Jingade Naveen , Singh Nishant K 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTHere we explore the role of temporal fluctuations in kinetic helicity on the generation of large-scale magnetic fields in the presence of a background linear shear flow. Key techniques involved here are same as in our earlier work, where we have used the renovating flow based model with shearing waves. Both the velocity and the helicity fields are treated as stochastic variables with finite correlation times, τ and τh, respectively. Growing solutions are obtained when τh &gt; τ, even when this time-scale separation, characterized by m = τh/τ, remains below the threshold for causing the turbulent diffusion to turn negative. In regimes when turbulent diffusion remains positive, and τ is of the order of eddy turnover time T, the axisymmetric modes display non-monotonic behaviour with shear rate S: both, the growth rate γ and the wavenumber k* corresponding to the fastest growing mode, first increase, reach a maximum and then decrease with |S|, with k* being always smaller than eddy-wavenumber, thus boosting growth of magnetic fields at large length-scales. The cycle period Pcyc of growing dynamo wave is inversely proportional to |S| at small shear, exactly similar to the fixed kinetic helicity case of our earlier work. This dependence becomes shallower at larger shear. Interestingly enough, various curves corresponding to different choices of m collapse on top of each other in a plot of mPcyc with |S|.
Distribution of charge on floating dust particles over sunlit locations on Moon
Authors: Mishra S K , Sana Trinesh 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The charging of fine particles within the photoelectron cloud is the key in characterizing the dusty plasma environment over sunlit locations. In this work, based on the statistical mechanics and charging kinetics of the floating dust particles within the photoelectron sheath over the sunlit lunar surface, the distribution of charge over floating particles has been investigated. The natural randomisation of the dust charging currents, the anisotropy in sheath photoelectron population and electric field/potential, and half Fermi–Dirac velocity distribution of the emitted photoelectrons have been consistently accounted for in the formulation. In this framework, due to natural fluctuation, the charge on the floating dust particles is shown to be distributed over a wide range (∼100 e). This random fluctuation in charge might alter the static equilibrium of the floating dust particles and induce an altitudinal fluctuation (∼10 %) about its mean position within the sheath. The concept and results suggest that the natural fluctuation of the dust charge could be a reason that the strict dust levitation under static force equilibrium is less likely to exhibit over the sunlit lunar surfaces. This effect of dust charge and subsequent altitudinal fluctuations have been found pronounced at larger latitudes (near the terminator region) and higher lunar altitudes.
Transitional events in the spectrophotometric regime between stripped envelope and superluminous supernovae
Authors: Prentice S J , Inserra C , Schulze S , Nicholl M , Mazzali P A , Vergani S D , Galbany L , Anderson J P , Ashall C , Chen T W , Deckers M , Delgado Mancheño M , González Díaz R , González-Gaitán S , Gromadzki M , Gutiérrez C P , Harvey L , Kozyreva A , Magee M R , Maguire K , Müller-Bravo T E , Muñoz Torres S , Pessi P J , Sollerman J , Teffs J , Terwel J H , Young D R 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The division between stripped-envelope supernovae (SE-SNe) and superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) is not well-defined in either photometric or spectroscopic space. While a sharp luminosity threshold has been suggested, there remains an increasing number of transitional objects that reach this threshold without the spectroscopic signatures common to SLSNe. In this work, we present data and analysis on four SNe transitional between SE-SNe and SLSNe; the He-poor SNe 2019dwa and 2019cri, and the He-rich SNe 2019hge and 2019unb. Each object displays long-lived and variable photometric evolution with luminosities around the SLSN threshold of Mr &lt; −19.8 mag. Spectroscopically however, these objects are similar to SE-SNe, with line velocities lower than either SE-SNe and SLSNe, and thus represent an interesting case of rare transitional events.
COVID-19 and adult-onset Still’s disease as part of hyperferritinemic syndromes
Authors: Kawasaki Tatsuya , Ooka Seido , Mizushima Machiko , Nakamura Yuta , Ikeda Hiroki , Sakurada Tsutomu , Suzuki Shotaro , Yamazaki Kazuko , Goto Yutaka , Sakurai Keiichi , Yukitaka Yamasaki , Kiyokawa Tomofumi , Tonooka Kumiko , Kunishima Hiroyuki , Kawahata Kimito 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is known to cause hyperferritinemia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Including this laboratory parameter, symptoms similar to COVID-19 have been observed in adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, macrophage activation syndrome, and septic shock, which has led to the proposal of a concept called ‘hyperferritinemic syndromes’. High levels of some clinical markers in both COVID-19 and AOSD make them difficult to differentiate. While the efficacy of ciclesonide had been expected for mild pneumonia with COVID-19, the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ), which is a known treatment for AOSD, was not established. We report the first known occurrence of COVID-19 diagnosed in March 2020, preceded by the diagnosis of AOSD in April 2019. The patient was given prednisolone and TCZ, which led to remission. With the dyspnea and ground-glass appearance on chest computed tomography, PCR test revealed COVID-19 infection. Ciclesonide was started on Day 7 of the disease onset, which led to improved inflammatory markers. We infer that while TCZ is theoretically useful for COVID-19 due to its inhibition of interleukin 6. AOSD and COVID-19 may be differentiated by levels of ferritin, and appropriate treatment must be allocated.
The current state of SubtiWiki, the database for the model organism Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Pedreira Tiago , Elfmann Christoph , Stülke Jörg 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive model bacterium with extensive documented annotation. However, with the rise of high-throughput techniques, the amount of complex data being generated every year has been increasing at a fast pace. Thus, having platforms ready to integrate and give a representation to these data becomes a priority. To address it, SubtiWiki (http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/) was created in 2008 and has been growing in data and viewership ever since. With millions of requests every year, it is the most visited B. subtilis database, providing scientists all over the world with curated information about its genes and proteins, as well as intricate protein–protein interactions, regulatory elements, expression data and metabolic pathways. However, there is still a large portion of annotation to be unveiled for some biological elements. Thus, to facilitate the development of new hypotheses for research, we have added a Homology section covering potential protein homologs in other organisms. Here, we present the recent developments of SubtiWiki and give a guided tour of our database and the current state of the data for this organism.
Constraints on error rate revealed by computational study of G•U tautomerization in translation
Authors: Kazantsev Andriy , Ignatova Zoya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In translation, G•U mismatch in codon-anticodon decoding is an error hotspot likely due to transition of G•U from wobble (wb) to Watson-Crick (WC) geometry, which is governed by keto/enol tautomerization (wb-WC reaction). Yet, effects of the ribosome on the wb-WC reaction and its implications for decoding mechanism remain unclear. Employing quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical umbrella sampling simulations using models of the ribosomal decoding site (A site) we determined that the wb-WC reaction is endoergic in the open, but weakly exoergic in the closed A-site state. We extended the classical ‘induced-fit’ model of initial selection by incorporating wb-WC reaction parameters in open and closed states. For predicted parameters, the non-equilibrium exoergic wb-WC reaction is kinetically limited by the decoding rates. The model explains early observations of the WC geometry of G•U from equilibrium structural studies and reveals discrimination capacity for the working ribosome operating at non-equilibrium conditions. The equilibration of the exoergic wb-WC reaction counteracts the equilibration of the open-closed transition of the A site, constraining the decoding accuracy and potentially explaining the persistence of the G•U as an error hotspot. Our results unify structural and mechanistic views of codon-anticodon decoding and generalize the ‘induced-fit’ model for flexible substrates.
Interactions between SQUAMOSA and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE MADS-box proteins regulate meristem transitions during wheat spike development
Authors: Li Kun , Debernardi Juan M , Li Chengxia , Lin Huiqiong , Zhang Chaozhong , Jernstedt Judy , Korff Maria von , Zhong Jinshun , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInflorescence architecture is an important determinant of crop productivity. The number of spikelets produced by the wheat inflorescence meristem (IM) before its transition to a terminal spikelet (TS) influences the maximum number of grains per spike. Wheat MADS-box genes VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1) and FRUITFULL 2 (FUL2) (in the SQUAMOSA-clade) are essential to promote the transition from IM to TS and for spikelet development. Here we show that SQUAMOSA genes contribute to spikelet identity by repressing MADS-box genes VEGETATIVE TO REPRODUCTIVE TRANSITION 2 (VRT2), SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE 1 (SVP1), and SVP3 in the SVP clade. Constitutive expression of VRT2 resulted in leafy glumes and lemmas, reversion of spikelets to spikes, and downregulation of MADS-box genes involved in floret development, whereas the vrt2 mutant reduced vegetative characteristics in spikelets of squamosa mutants. Interestingly, the vrt2 svp1 mutant showed similar phenotypes to squamosa mutants regarding heading time, plant height, and spikelets per spike, but it exhibited unusual axillary inflorescences in the elongating stem. We propose that SQUAMOSA–SVP interactions are important to promote heading, formation of the TS, and stem elongation during the early reproductive phase, and that downregulation of SVP genes is then necessary for normal spikelet and floral development. Manipulating SVP and SQUAMOSA genes can contribute to engineering spike architectures with improved productivity.
Pleural Ultrasonography versus Chest Radiography for the Diagnosis of Pneumothorax
Authors: Salah Amir Ibrahim , El- Serwi Heba Bahaa el-Dien , Ansary Amin Mohammad Al , Houssien Ahmed Badawy Ibrahim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Pneumothorax (PTX) is an emergency that requires urgent management to avoid catastrophic consequences. PTX is also an important cause of respiratory failure in the emergency department, and may occur frequently as a complication of central venous catheter insertion.

Aim
The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of bedside lung US with those for anteroposterior (AP) chest X ray (CXR) for the detection of PTX in critically ill patients.

Methods
This study was conducted on fifty adult patients from both sexes, mechanically ventilated at least 48 hours and planned for central line insertion. We excluded overt pneumothorax, patients requiring immediate invasive intervention, pregnancy and lactation. Lung ultrasound was done to all patients after 30 minutes from central line insertion followed by CXR to confirm the diagnosis of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax was confirmed using CT chest.

Results
Results showed that ultrasound is superior to chest X Ray in detection of PTX.Ultrasound showed sensitivity of 94.87%, specificity of 81.82%, positive predictive value of 94.87%, negative predictive value of 21.82% and accuracy of 92.0% in detection of PTX, while Chest X Ray showed sensitivity of 76.92%, specificity of 63.64%, positive predictive value of 88.24%, negative predictive value of 43.75% and accuracy of 74.0% in detection of PTX.

Conclusions
In conclusion, US represent a good approach for the evaluation of PTX, with advantages of timeliness, high accuracy and high reliability.
Soluble MICA versus Troponin as Early snd Specific Predictor for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ali Rania M , Elsaid Amr M , El Shaer Ahmed I , Abd El-Hafiz Rania H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Accurate early detection & early management of MI as a life threatening condition in patients with CKD , who are more likely than those without it to have elevated troponin levels still challenging. Recently, MICA could be activated in the normal tissues by a variety of stimuli, such as ischemia/reperfusion-induced tissue injury.

Aim of the Work
To compare sensitivity and specificity of serum sMICA to that of Troponin for early and accurate diagnosis of AMI in patients with CKD.

Patients and Methods
Total 30 patients was enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups A & B (15 for each one) in NHI , cTnI and sMICA was assayed in both groups; in the group A,cTnI & sMICA was assayed serially according to time from arrival of the patient to ED (0 hour , 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours ) and recording the pattern of rising, peaking & falling of both biomarkers.. ‘

Results
At zero hour both markers were positive serum level in both groups but lower in sMICA then pattern of rising and peaking of sMICA was early than TnI in AMI group which peaks later.

Conclusion
sMICA could be considered as a novel predictor that more sensitive and specific than cTnI.
A comparative study between Levobupivacaine alone and in combination with Dexmedetomidine in caudal analgesia of hernia repair in pediatrics
Authors: Kamar Ahmed K , Awad Hala G , Awad Hanan Mahmoud F , Maarouf Mohammed M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the pediatric population. Using optimal analgesic regimen provides safe and effective analgesia, reduce postoperative stress response and accelerate recovery from surgery.

Aim of the Work
to examine the effect of Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to Levobupivacaine in caudal anesthesia, mainly its effect in enhancing and prolonging post-operative analgesia.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted on 50 randomly chosen patients in Ain Shams University Hospitals after approval of the medical ethical committee. Patients were divided randomly into two groups, each group consisted of 25 patients. After preoperative assessment and obtaining baseline vital data, all patients received general anesthesia. Group A: Patients in this group received caudal anesthesia with Levobupivacaine 0.25% at a dose of 2 mg·kg−1 (0.8 ml·kg−1) before the beginning of the procedure. Group B: Patients in this group received Levobupivacaine 0.25% at a dose of 2 mg·kg−1 (0.8 ml·kg−1) in addition to Dexmedetomidine 1 μg·kg−1 in 1 ml normal saline before the beginning of the procedure.

Results
The results of the study revealed that there was significant reduction in FLACC score in group B at 4, 8, and 12 hours postoperatively compared to group A, at the twenty-fourth hour there was no significant difference. Regarding the duration of analgesia postoperatively we found statistically significant increase in group B compared to that in group A (p-value &lt;0.001). Regarding the number of doses of analgesia required post operatively (Paracetamol 15ml/kg/dose) there was a statistically significant decrease in patients requirement in group B compared to that in group A (p-value &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to Levobupivacaine provided significantly prolonged postoperative analgesia, reduced the postoperative analgesic requirements and better parents’ satisfaction as compared with caudal analgesia using Levobupivacaine alone in children undergoing hernia repair.