bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of al‐ajwa date polyphenol extract on plasma and liver lipid and antioxidantt enzymes in hypercholesterolemic rats (829.21)
Authors: Osman Magdi 
Published: June 2021

Al‐ajwa date is consider one of the most important date fruit in Saudia Arabia. The date is grown in North ‐western region ( Almadia al‐Monwara). Chemical analysis showed that its high carbohydrates, energy and potassium. The date is rich source of polyphenols due it dark color. Little is known about hypolipidemic effect of Al‐ajwa polyphenol extracts. The present reports on extraction of date polyphenol using different solvents system, determination of total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activities and investigation on the effect of various level of polyphenol extract plasma and liver lipid and antioxidant enzymes in hypercholesterolemic albino rats. Results revealed that acetone (50%) was the most efficient solvent with highest total and flavoinoid l level and antioxidant activities. Plasma and liver analysis showed that treatment of rats with (25, 50, or 100mg extract/kg body weight) significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDLc and increased HDLc compared to cholesterol control. However no significant differences was observed in VLDLc and T.G. Addition of cholesterol in rat diets significantly reduced glutathionr peroxidase (GPX), superoxide mutase and catalase activities. Treatment of rats with 100mg extract significantly increased GPX activities in plasma but not in liver. There was insignificant increase in SOD and catalase acitivities in both plasma and liver with Different extract levels. .Grant Funding Source: King Abdal Aziz City for Science and Technology
Wheat bran with unbound ferulic acid does not alter obesity, insulin resistance or fatty liver in obese rats compared to wheat bran with bound ferulic acid (829.22)
Authors: Brockman David , Gallaher Daniel , Bunzel Mirko , Fink Ryan , Arikawa Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Ferulic acid, the major phenolic acid found in wheat bran, has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, almost all is bound to arabinoxylans and is therefore minimally absorbed. In this study, we determined the effect of wheat bran with bound and unbound (released by a fermentation process) ferulic acid on the development of obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver in a model of diet‐induced obesity. Rats were fed a high fat diet (35% fat by weight) containing no wheat bran (CON) or 15% wheat bran with either bound (BF; 300 mg/kg diet; 2% free ferulic acid) or unbound (UF; 318 mg/kg diet; 47% free ferulic acid) ferulic acid. After 8 weeks, the BF and UF groups were not different in body weight, epididymal fat pad weight or area under the curve for glucose and insulin tolerance tests compared to the CON group, indicating that 15% wheat bran does not influence adiposity or insulin resistance. However, BF and UF reduced liver lipid levels compared to the CON group, suggesting a decrease in fatty liver. There was no reduction in bodyweight, epididymal fat pad weight, insulin resistance or liver lipids in the UF group compared to the BF group. Additionally, plasma C‐reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide and 24h urinary TBARS did not differ between the UF and BF groups. Wheat bran processed to release ferulic acid offered no apparent advantage relative to unprocessed wheat bran.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Healthy Foods Healthy Lives, Univ. of MN
Effects of watermelon powder on antioxidant capacity, inflammation and lipid profiles in DSS‐treated rats fed an atherogenic diet (830.1)
Authors: Hartig Nicole , Hooshmand Shirin , Kern Mark , Figueroa Arturo , Hong Mee Young 
Published: June 2021

Functional foods are emerging as important means for the improvement of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Watermelon is high in antioxidants, which help reduce inflammation, a risk factor for CVD. The goal of the study was to determine the effects of watermelon powder on antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, inflammation and lipid profiles. Forty male weanling (21 days old) Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups (10/group, total N=40) in a 2(diet) x 2(treatment) factorial design using an atherogenic diet with or without watermelon powder supplementation (0.2% by wt) for 30 days, and with or without Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) as an inflammation inducing agent for 48 hours. Watermelon powder groups exhibited significantly lower serum triglycerides (P=0.031), total cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL‐cholesterol (P<0.001), C‐reactive protein levels (P=0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (P<0.001) and significantly higher HDL‐cholesterol levels (P=0.041). Total antioxidant capacity was greater in watermelon powder groups (P=0.049). These findings support watermelon powder use to improve risk factors for CVD by altering antioxidant status, inflammation and lipid profiles.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NUTR 302L class
Effects of topically applied Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract on mouse hair growth under mild chronic stress (830.16)
Authors: Lee Bog‐Hieu , Choi Joo‐Yeon , Yu Miri , Jeong Gi Hee , Sung Ki‐Seung , Han Chan‐Kyu 
Published: June 2021

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract on hair growth with mental stress. Six‐week‐old female C57BL/6 mice were divided into six experimental groups(n=8/group); the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (NC), the DMSO stress group (NCS), the minoxidil group (PC), the minoxidil stress group (PCS), the Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract group (RMD), and RMD stress group (RMDS). Hairs of animals were shaved on the dorsal skin before the study and 200 μl once a day of test samples were topically applied for 3 weeks everyday. We observed morphology, length of hair follicle, and no. of mast cells, stem cell factors (SCF) and substance P in skin tissues. Hair follicle depth of RMD(562.0μm) and RMDS(499.2μm) groups were higher than those of NC, NCS, PC and PCS groups. Mast cell number of RMD group(1.4) was the lowest and that of NCS the highest((16.6)(p<0.001). Also, SCF of follicles in RMD‐treated groups was immunohistochemically stained strongly than any other groups. While substance P expression in RMD group was the lowest compared to other groups. From the findings, topical application of RMD extracts increased hair follicle length, hair growth factors, and decreased mast cell and substance P expression. Therefore, it would be beneficial for preventing hair loss or promoting hair growrh. Further research should be conducted to clarify the mechanism of action related to RMD extracts.Grant Funding Source: supported by Basic Science Research Program through the Natiional Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)
Anti‐inflammatory activities of licorice‐derived prenylflavonoids (830.30)
Authors: Kang Hye Ryung , Seo Ji Yeon , Kim Seong Soon , Kim Bo Ram , Zakharova Alexandra , Woo Ji Eun , Kim Mi Hye , Han Mi Kyung , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: June 2021

Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) is a widely used oriental herbal medicine from which dehydroglyasperin C (DGC), dehydroglyasperin D (DGD), and isoangustone A (IsoA) are derived. Our previous study demonstrated that these three compounds isolated from licorice had the strongest antioxidant activities in vitro system. The objective of current study is to investigate which compound isolated from licorice has the highest anti‐inflammatory activity. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines were determined for the media of murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effect of prenylflavonoids on the expression of LPS‐induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)‐kappa B p65 were assessed by Western blotting. In addition, we confirmed that the nuclear localization of NF‐κB was blocked by prenylflavonoids as assessed by immunocytochemistry. Thus, prenylflavonoids merit further study to evaluate their practical usefulness as anti‐inflammatory agents and/or functional food ingredients.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NRF‐2010‐0027204 and 2011‐0009782 and IPET (High Value‐added Food TechnologyDevelopment Program, 2012, 112066‐3), S. Korea
Chronic consumption of a high polyphenol content cranberry beverage improved glucoregulation and HDL cholesterol in healthy but overweight humans (831.10)
Authors: Mathison Bridget , Kimble Lindsey , McKay Diane , Chen C‐Y. Oliver , Blumberg Jeffrey , Kaspar Kerrie , Khoo Christina , Chew Boon 
Published: June 2021

Few studies are available on the putative cardioprotective role of cranberry juice. We studied the health benefits of chronic cranberry beverage consumption on glucoregulation and cholesterol metabolism in overweight but otherwise healthy humans. Seventy eight men and women (30‐70 y) with abdominal adiposity (BMI: 27‐35 kg/m2; waist:hip >0.8 for women and >0.9 for men; waist:height 蠅0.5) consumed 15.2 oz placebo or a high polyphenol content cranberry extract beverage (CEB) daily for 8 wk in a randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline, following a single dose of cranberry beverage, and after 8 wk chronic beverage intervention. Compared to placebo, a single dose of CEB decreased (P<0.05) serum glucose concentrations 1 h post‐OGTT and this trend tended to be sustained (P=0.08) following chronic CEB intervention. CEB consumption also decreased (P<0.05) serum insulin following OGTT after chronic beverage intervention and increased (P<0.05) HDL cholesterol as compared to placebo. An acute dose of cranberry beverage improved glucose tolerance, while 8 wk chronic consumption reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors by improving glucoregulation and increasing HDL cholesterol.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. and USDA
Cardiovascular benefits of cocoa flavanols in the healthy general population: relevance to dietary recommendations (831.13)
Authors: Heiss Christian 
Published: June 2021

Accumulating evidence from dietary intervention studies suggest that diets rich in flavanols are causally related to cardiovascular health benefits in humans. In order to consider flavanols as potential candidates for inclusion in future dietary recommendations, it is necessary to assess the efficacy, relevance, and applicability to the general public. Therefore, the pan‐European research consortium FLAVIOLA aimed at investigating the cardiovascular effects of cocoa flavanol (CF) intake in various cohorts representing a broader segment of the healthy population. In particular, we investigated the efficacy of CF from a gender‐ and age perspective in healthy people. Our data demonstrate that CF intake exerts beneficial effects on various accredited cardiovascular endpoints in healthy men and women across all the ages and groups investigated. Taken together, we provide direct evidence for population‐based health benefits, thus supporting a potential role for cocoa flavanols in primary cardiovascular disease prevention and future dietary guidelines.Grant Funding Source: FLAVIOLA Consortium, European Union 7th Framework Program
Effects of multivitamin, multimineral and phytonutrient supplementation on selected nutrient levels in blood and heart health risk factors in Russian population (831.4)
Authors: Isakov Vasily , Golubeva Alexandra , Selezneva Ksenia , Bessonov Vladimir , Sentsova Tatiana , Tutelyan Victor , Lin Yumei , Kazlova Valentina 
Published: June 2021

The primary objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effect of a multivitamin multimineral with phytonutrient supplement on heart health risk factors. One hundred twenty healthy adults (40‐70 y) were recruited in this 8‐week randomized double blind placebo control study. B‐carotene, a‐tocopherol, vitamin C, red blood cell (RBC) folate, B6, B12, Zn, Se content in blood were measured on Day 1, 28 and 56 and quercetin was measured on Day 1 and 56. Heart health risk factors such as homocysteine (Hcy), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), oxidized LDL (ox‐LDL), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid and blood lipid profile were monitored on Day 1 and 56. Results showed that supplementation significantly improved quercetin (p=0.0047), vitamin C (p=0.0011), RBC folate (p=0.0027) and B6 (p=0.0012) status after 8 weeks of consumption. A greater decrease of Hcy (p=0.0314), GGT (p=0.0545) and uric acid (p=0.1683) was also observed. However, a lesser degree of increase of hs‐CRP (p=0.2511) was observed, but not ox‐LDL (p=0.5444). Overall, supplementation may contribute nutrient status improvement and reduction of Hcy, which may play a role in supporting healthy heart in this Russian population.Grant Funding Source: Access Business Group, LLC and OOO Amway
Endogenous VEGF deficiency causes intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction in a model of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (832.1)
Authors: Yan Xiaocai , Sabnis Animesh , Liu Shirley , Marek Catherine , Tan Xiaodi , De Plaen Isabelle 
Published: June 2021

Ischemic necrosis is a feature of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We have previously found that VEGF is decreased in a neonatal mouse model of NEC. Here, we hypothesized that, in NEC, VEGF deficiency causes altered neonatal intestinal microvasculature and impaired microcirculation leading to NEC development. To test this hypothesis, neonatal pups were injected intraperitoneally with SU5416, a VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor prior to exposure to a NEC protocol. The intestinal mucosal microvasculature morphology was assessed by imaging after intracardiac dye injection. Endothelial (CD31+) cells were quantified by flow cytometry analysis following collagenase digestion of intestinal tissues. We found that: 1) Intestinal vascular networks were decreased in pups exposed to the NEC protocol for 48 hours compared to controls, and further decreased in pups treated with VEGF inhibitor; 2) The percentage of CD31+ cells in the CD45‐ Epcam‐ population was decreased in NEC small intestines (1.20%) vs. dam‐fed controls (4.64%), and further decreased when VEGF pathway was blocked (0.37%, p<0.05 vs dam‐fed). Pups exposed to the NEC protocol treated with VEGF inhibitor had increased incidence of severe NEC (score蠅2), compared to controls (18/29 vs 8/32, χ2=7.1, p<0.01) and had increased mortality. In conclusion, we found that inhibition of endogenous VEGF causes intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction and facilitates the development of neonatal NEC..Grant Funding Source: Supported by a Thrasher Foundation Grant
Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐1) suppressed foam cells via downregulation of 12/15‐lipoxygenase: potential mechanism responsible for IGF‐1‐induced atheroprotective effect (832.14)
Authors: Sukhanov Sergiy , Snarski Patricia , Vaughn Charlotte , Kim Catherine , Delafontaine Patrick 
Published: June 2021

We have shown that IGF‐1 reduced foam cells and suppressed atherosclerosis, however mechanism mediating these effects was not identified. Macrophage (MΦ) 12/15‐lipoxygenase (LOX) known to mediate oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and promote formation of foam cells contributing to atherogenesis. We hypothesized that IGF‐1 downregulates LOX and via this mechanism reduces foam cells and plaque size.IGF‐1 infusion into Apoe‐null mice (1.5 mg/kg/d, 12 weeks on a Western diet) reduced LOX plaque immunopositivity (74±9% decrease), suppressed plaque oxidative stress (64±7% decrease, immunohistochemistry with 8‐oxodG a/b), reduced plaque lipids (35%±6 decrease, Oil Red staining) and decreased atherosclerotic lesion area (IGF‐1: 0.259 ± 0.018 mm2, saline: 0.356 ± 0.031 mm2).To further define mechanisms THP‐1‐derived MΦ were exposed to IGF‐1. IGF‐1 (50 ng/ml, 16h) reduced LOX mRNA (49±6% decrease), decreased LOX protein (42±6% decrease, immunoblotting) and also IGF‐1 suppressed STAT6 transcription factor binding to LOX gene promoter region (CHIP assay with STAT6 a/b) suggesting that IGF‐1 downregulates LOX via STAT6‐dependent transcriptional mechanism. IGF‐1 reduced oxidation of LDL mediated by THP‐1 or mouse peritoneal MΦ (85±6% and 67±5% decrease, respectively; MDA assay) and also IGF‐1 decreased cellular LDL uptake (i.e. formation of foam cells) by THP‐1 or WT peritoneal MΦ (45±8% and 51±3% decrease, respectively), however both lipid uptake and IGF‐1 effect were blocked in LOX‐deficient peritoneal MΦ. These data indicate that LOX downregulation mediates IGF‐1‐induced suppression of LDL oxidation and foam cell formation.In summary, IGF‐1 reduced LOX expression in atherosclerotic plaque and in vitro in cultured MΦ. We demonstrated that LOX downregulation mediates IGF‐1‐induced reduction in foam cells representing potential mechanism mediating IGF‐1‐induced atheroprotective effect.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NHLBI
Regulation of TGF‐β1‐inducible angiotensinogen gene transcription in lung cells by core promoter SNPs (834.6)
Authors: Dang My‐Trang , Abdul‐Hafez Amal , Uhal Bruce 
Published: June 2021

Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that JunD and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF‐1α) mediate transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β1) inducible angiotensinogen (AGT) transcription in human pulmonary fibroblasts (FASEB, 2009:23(6)). The core promoter of AGT contains binding sites for JunD and HIF‐1α that overlap with single nucleotide polymorphisms. In non‐pulmonary cells, AGT promoter sequence variants affect the basal transcription rate of AGT. Increase in the basal transcription rate is seen with the presence of the C allele at ‐20 and ‐18 or the presence of the A allele at ‐6. Furthermore, these same SNPs have been associated with the severity and/or progression of various diseases. Recent work from our lab demonstrated that AGT promoter sequence variants at the ‐20 and ‐6 positions predicted low diffusing capacity in cohorts from the United States (p = 0.0028) and Spain (p = 0.017). From this, we hypothesize that AGT promoter sequence variants can influence the rate of TGF‐β1‐inducible AGT transcription. AGT promoter‐luciferase reporter studies demonstrated that AGT transcription in human pulmonary fibroblasts was significantly increase in cells transfected with the CA haplotype (at ‐20 and ‐6 respectively) compared to the AG haplotype (p = 0.05). Preliminary data suggest that these variants alter the binding affinity of HIF‐1α and JunD to the core promoter ‐ with increase binding of HIF‐1α to the CCA haplotype (at ‐20, ‐18, and ‐6 respectively) and JunD to the ATG haplotype. We hypothesize that this effect may be due to the competition between JunD and HIF‐1α for similar binding sites at the core promoter.Grant Funding Source: Supported by PHS‐HL 45136
Improving the diagnostic approach to type I diabetes: the introduction of anti‐zinc transporter protein autoantibodies (ZnT8A) (835.15)
Authors: Zago Silvia , Fabris Martina , Liguori Marco , Trevisan Mariateresa , Zanatta Manuela , Comici Alberto , Zanette Giorgio , Tonutti Elio , Curcio Francesco 
Published: June 2021

Aim of the study. To evaluate the prevalence and persistence of ZnT8A, in a cohort of Pediatric diabetic patients, to assess reliability and relationship with other T1DM diagnostic markers. Methods. Sera from 97 T1DM pediatric patients (53.6% M/46.4% F, age 11.1 ± 3.9 yrs), and 112 controls (51.8% M/48.2% F, age 9.6 ± 4.9 yrs; with no T1D or family history of autoimmune diseases) were analyzed for IgG ZnT8, GADA, IA2A and AIA by ELISA, and for IgG Islet Cell Antibodies (ICA) by an indirect immunofluorescence test on cryostat primate’s pancreas.Results. ZnT8A (cut‐off 蠅 15 UA/ml) were present in 54.6% (53/97) T1DM patients (in two cases as the unique autoantibody) vs 97.3% (3/112) controls (p<0.0001). ZnT8A prevalence decreases among onset (25/40, 62.5%) and follow‐up patients with 5 or more years of disease (12/29, 41.3%). The prevalence of ICA at disease onset was 33.3% compared to 66.7% for GADA, 73.3% for IA2A, 73.3% for ZnT8A and 6% for AIA. Conclusions. The sensitivity (54.6%) and specificity (97.3%) of the ZnT8A in T1DM were in line with previous literature and comparable to those of the other major known diabetes autoantibodies. Even if ZnT8A do not persist as long as GADA after diagnosis, it represent a valid independent diagnostic marker for T1DM and its introduction in the Lab analysis is strongly recommended. In contrast, the sensibility of ICA appears unsatisfactory and its use as a screening test of limited value.
Identifying cytokines associated with acute and chronic Lyme arthritis (835.6)
Authors: Sridharan Ramya , Maduskie Victoria , Fawcett Paul 
Published: June 2021

Symptoms of untreated infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, which is the causative agent of Lyme disease, frequently include arthritis, particularly of large joints. In pediatric patients, symptoms of arthritis typically resolve following treatment with an adequate course of antibiotics. However, in 10 to 20 percent of pediatric patients with Lyme arthritis, symptoms persist despite patients having received adequate treatment with antibiotics. Patients whose symptoms resolve in less than 6 months after initiation of antibiotic therapy are classified as having acute Lyme arthritis. Patients whose symptoms do not resolve within 6 months are classified as having chronic Lyme arthritis.Cells were obtained from the synovial fluid from pediatric patients with both chronic and acute Lyme arthritis. These were analyzed to determine if cytokines produced by synoviocytes could be used to predict the outcome of treatment with antibiotics. Primary cell cultures were cultured in transformation media to change fibroblasts into adipocytes and osteocytes. Culture supernatants were then tested for cytokine concentration changes.Results showed that transformation of synoviocytes caused significant variation of inflammatory cytokine concentrations associated with arthritis inflammation: MCP‐1 and IL‐6. IL‐6 rapidly declined in both adipogenic and osteogenic transformations. MCP‐1 also declined. Results confirm that transformation of synoviocytes from synovial fluid samples caused significant variation of inflammatory cytokine concentrations associated with arthritis inflammation.
Cytokines in asthma: effects on human pulmonary fibroblasts (835.8)
Authors: Lankala Shreya , Quinn Tim , Herndon Betty 
Published: June 2021

In the asthmatic patient, CD4+ T lymphocytes elevate chemokines in airway fluids and blood. This study assayed effects of serum from asthmatic adults on the metabolism of healthy human lung fibroblasts in culture, comparing effects to those seen with sera from lung‐healthy volunteers. WI38 human lung fibroblasts (ATCC) were cultured in MEM + 15% fetal calf serum. At assay, 1500 cells in 100 µL were added to 96‐well plates, and after attachment, media was replaced with serum‐free MEM with 15 µL asthma or control sera. After 24 hr incubation, MTT formazan cell proliferation was assayed at 570 nm. Tests were repeated 3x.MTT of 24 asthmatics averaged 1.37 ± 0.12 vs 1.28 ± 0.11 for 16 controls, p=0.03 with 3 replications. Sera with high IgE (ELISA) were compared to low by MTT values and were not different. Serum and breath condensate have recently been assayed for multiple chemokines but not for effects of these effluents on healthy lung cells. Our tests, while not identifying components demonstrate the expression of substances in asthma that raise the inflammatory response of healthy cells (measured by MTT upregulation). We showed the upregulation was significantly greater by asthmatic sera than by control sera. The use of asthma serum‐sensitized cells in culture offers high possibility of clarifying the disease of asthma and its humoral processes beyond cell‐related triggers.Grant Funding Source: Sarah Morrison Student Grant to SL