bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOI-2109: An Ultrahot Gas Giant on a 16 hr Orbit
Authors: Wong Ian , Shporer Avi , Zhou George , Kitzmann Daniel , Komacek Thaddeus D. , Tan Xianyu , Tronsgaard René , Buchhave Lars A. , Vissapragada Shreyas , Greklek-McKeon Michael , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Ahlers John P. , Quinn Samuel N. , Furlan Elise , Howell Steve B. , Bieryla Allyson , Heng Kevin , Knutson Heather A. , Collins Karen A. , McLeod Kim K. , Berlind Perry , Brown Peyton , Calkins Michael L. , de Leon Jerome P. , Esparza-Borges Emma , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Fukui Akihiko , Gan Tianjun , Girardin Eric , Gnilka Crystal L. , Ikoma Masahiro , Jensen Eric L. N. , Kielkopf John , Kodama Takanori , Kurita Seiya , Lester Kathryn V. , Lewin Pablo , Marino Giuseppe , Murgas Felipe , Narita Norio , Pallé Enric , Schwarz Richard P. , Stassun Keivan G. , Tamura Motohide , Watanabe Noriharu , Benneke Björn , Ricker George R. , Latham David W. , Vanderspek Roland , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Fong William , Huang Chelsea X. , Mireles Ismael , Schlieder Joshua E. , Shiao Bernie , Noel Villaseñor Jesus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report the discovery of an ultrahot Jupiter with an extremely short orbital period of 0.67247414 ± 0.00000028 days (∼16 hr). The 1.347 ± 0.047 R
Jup planet, initially identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, orbits TOI-2109 (TIC 392476080)—a T
eff ∼ 6500 K F-type star with a mass of 1.447 ± 0.077 M
☉, a radius of 1.698 ± 0.060 R
☉, and a rotational velocity of

v
sin

i

*

=
81.9
±
1.7

km s−1. The planetary nature of TOI-2109b was confirmed through radial-velocity measurements, which yielded a planet mass of 5.02 ± 0.75 M
Jup. Analysis of the Doppler shadow in spectroscopic transit observations indicates a well-aligned system, with a sky-projected obliquity of λ = 1.°7 ± 1.°7. From the TESS full-orbit light curve, we measured a secondary eclipse depth of 731 ± 46 ppm, as well as phase-curve variations from the planet’s longitudinal brightness modulation and ellipsoidal distortion of the host star. Combining the TESS-band occultation measurement with a K

s
-band secondary eclipse depth (2012 ± 80 ppm) derived from ground-based observations, we find that the dayside emission of TOI-2109b is consistent with a brightness temperature of 3631 ± 69 K, making it the second hottest exoplanet hitherto discovered. By virtue of its extreme irradiation and strong planet–star gravitational interaction, TOI-2109b is an exceptionally promising target for intensive follow-up studies using current and near-future telescope facilities to probe for orbital decay, detect tidally driven atmospheric escape, and assess the impacts of H2 dissociation and recombination on the global heat transport.
V488 Per Revisited: No Strong Mid-infrared Emission Features and No Evidence for Stellar/substellar Companions
Authors: Sankar Swetha , Melis Carl , Klein Beth L. , Fulton B. J. , Zuckerman B. , Song Inseok , Howard Andrew W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present characterization of the planetary system architecture for V488 Per, the dustiest main-sequence star known with a fractional infrared luminosity of ≈16%. Far-infrared imaging photometry confirms the existence of an outer planetary system dust population with a blackbody-fit temperature of ≈130 K. Mid-infrared spectroscopy probing the previously identified ≈800 K inner planetary system dust population does not detect any obvious solid-state emission features, suggesting either large grain sizes that mute such emission and/or grain compositions dominated by species like amorphous carbon and metallic iron, which do not produce such features. In the latter case, the presence of significant quantities of iron-rich material could be indicative of the active formation of a Mercury-like planet around V488 Per. In any event, the absence of solid-state emission features is very unusual among main-sequence stars with copious amounts of warm orbiting dust particles; we know of no other such star whose mid-infrared spectrum lacks such features. Combined radial velocity monitoring and adaptive optics imaging find no evidence for stellar/substellar companions within several hundred astronomical units of V488 Per.
Dynamically Driven Inflow onto the Galactic Center and its Effect upon Molecular Clouds
Authors: Hatchfield H Perry , Sormani Mattia C. , Tress Robin G. , Battersby Cara , Smith Rowan J. , Glover Simon C. O. , Klessen Ralf S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Galactic bar plays a critical role in the evolution of the Milky Way’s Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), driving gas toward the Galactic Center via gas flows known as dust lanes. To explore the interaction between the CMZ and the dust lanes, we run hydrodynamic simulations in arepo, modeling the potential of the Milky Way’s bar in the absence of gas self-gravity and star formation physics, and we study the flows of mass using Monte Carlo tracer particles. We estimate the efficiency of the inflow via the dust lanes, finding that only about a third (30% ± 12%) of the dust lanes’ mass initially accretes onto the CMZ, while the rest overshoots and accretes later. Given observational estimates of the amount of gas within the Milky Way’s dust lanes, this suggests that the true total inflow rate onto the CMZ is 0.8 ± 0.6 M
⊙ yr−1. Clouds in this simulated CMZ have sudden peaks in their average density near the apocenter, where they undergo violent collisions with inflowing material. While these clouds tend to counter-rotate due to shear, co-rotating clouds occasionally occur due to the injection of momentum from collisions with inflowing material (∼52% are strongly counter-rotating, and ∼7% are strongly co-rotating of the 44 cloud sample). We investigate the formation and evolution of these clouds, finding that they are fed by many discrete inflow events, providing a consistent source of gas to CMZ clouds even as they collapse and form stars.
Genetic differentiation of predominant mosquito species in Hainan province and characterization of mosquito midgut microbiota
Authors: Kang Xun , Liu Biao , Li Siping , Xia Qianfeng 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To identify the mosquito species collected in the field of 8 cities/counties of Hainan province, China and to analyze the characteristics of genetic differentiation of the predominant mosquito species. The types, contents and composition characteristics of the midgut microbiota of various mosquito species were explored to provide evidence for the control and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in Hainan province.

Methods:
Adult mosquitoes were collected in the field using light traps, human lure or cattle lure methods. Morphology and DNA-barcoding technology (COI gene) were applied to identify the mosquito species. The V3-V4 hypervariable region of microbes 16S rRNA was used for high-throughput sequencing of the midgut microbiota, and SPSS 21.0 and R v3.1.1 software were employed to perform statistical analysis of the sequencing results and the Beta diversity analysis.

Results:

Aedes (Ae.) albopictus, Armigeres (Ar.) subalbatus and Culex (Cx.) pipiens pallpens were the three predominant species of the mosquito samples. Ae. albopictus was closely related to MK736660 (India) and JQ235749 (Yunnan), while MT541282 (DF, Dongfang) was a relatively independent population. The composition and structure of bacterial communities significantly varied among most of the samples (P<0.05). At the genus levels, 16 genera overlapped in the midgut in Ae. albopictus, 20 in Ar. subalbatus and 26 in Ar. subalbatus. Besides, Ae. albopictus, Ar. subalbatus and Cx. pipiens pallpens shared 15 out of the 16 overlapping genera.

Conclusions:

Ae. albopictus, Ar. subalbatus and Cx. pipiens pallpens were close within the same species in Hainan. The main exchange of mosquito species occurs within Hainan province, but also occurs across provincial or even national boundaries. The gut microbiota of mosquito species collected from the same sites were similar. Most of the core bacteria found in the midgut of Ae. albopictus were also present in Ar. subalbatus and Cx. pipiens pallpens, indicating that the breeding environment of Ae. albopictus may cover the breeding environment of Ar. subalbatus and Cx. pipiens pallpens.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Indian Anesthesiologists Regarding the Comprehensive Preanesthetic Assessment of Geriatric Patients
Authors: Ahluwalia Pallavi , Gupta Bhavna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Comprehensive preoperative geriatric evaluations, including frailty, diet, mobility aid use, physical activity, cognitive testing, and mood state assessment, help predict perioperative outcomes in elderly patients.

Material and Methods:
An online questionnaire-based Google survey was prepared to assess preanesthetic checkup (PAC) in elderly patients by practicing anesthesiologists over 3 months. Data about respondent demographics, knowledge about preoperative investigations, and utilization of validated tools for risk assessment in geriatric patients were collected and analyzed descriptively using different percentages and frequencies.

Results:
The invitation was sent to 500 anesthesiologists. One hundred and fifty-six recipients responded to the e-mail invitation producing an overall response rate of 31.2%. About 47.4% and 42.4% of anesthesiologists had an equal preference for regional/general anesthesia in conducting elderly elective cases for surgeries, the choice of anesthesia was mainly regional anesthesia in cognitively impaired elderly patients. Nearly 88.5% and 78.2% of practicing anesthesiologists were well aware and conducted the functional assessment and mini—mental state examination in geriatric patients, but only 48.7% were aware of frailty scoring, 30.8% were aware of Charlson comorbidity scoring index, and 24.4% were about Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS).

Conclusion:
Surgical results are strongly influenced by the general health, work, and life expectancy of patients. A comprehensive preoperative geriatric evaluation of patients must be extended beyond an organ-based or disease-based evaluation. We support the inclusion in the PAC of geriatric patients of validated score systems, including frailty score, Charlson comorbidity score index, EMS, functional assessment, and mini—mental state assessment.
Airway Obstruction by Subcutaneous Tissues Growing Into Tracheal Lumen Below Tracheostomy Stoma
Authors: Renjith Indrajith , Revathi Ramalingam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tube obstruction is one of the common complications of tracheostomy. The most frequent cause of tube obstruction is the plugging of tracheostomy tube with mucous plug, clots, or crust. We report a case of low tracheostomy obstructed by a mass of subcutaneous tissue proliferating into the tracheal lumen. When the patient was posted for radical surgery, trachea was cannulated using a regular endotracheal tube (ETT) inserted into the stoma under fiber optic bronchoscope guidance, and general anesthesia was administered. Anatomically distorted tracheostomy tracts may be maintained with customized tracheostomy tubes if available to prevent complications. Any difficulty in inserting tracheostomy tube can be temporarily managed with the ETT inserted into the stoma.
Clonidine versus Dexmedetomidine as Premedication to Intrathecal 0.5% Bupivacaine
Authors: Khare Arvind , Thada Beena , Solanky Laxmi Narayan , Mathur Veena , Garg Deepak , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists have synergistic action with local anesthetics and may prolong the duration of sensory and motor blockade and postoperative analgesia obtained with spinal anesthesia. The primary objective of this study was to compare the duration of analgesia, and the secondary objectives were to evaluate onset of sensory and motor blockade, perioperative sedation, hemodynamic changes, and adverse effects after intravenous (IV) infusion of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on spinal block characteristics as premedication to intrathecal 0.5% bupivacaine.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective, randomized, double blind study was conducted on a total of 100 patients belonging to the American Society of Anaesthesiologist class I and II undergoing lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries and were randomly allocated into two groups: Group CN (n = 50) received 1.5 µg/kg clonidine infusion and Group DM (n = 50) received 0.75 µg/kg dexmedetomidine infusion in 100 mL NS over 15 min before spinal anesthesia.

Results:
The duration of analgesia was statistically significantly prolonged in Group DM (251.70 ± 6.264 min) when compared with Group CN (213.02±10.374 min) (P < 0.001). The onset of sensory and motor blockade was faster in Group DM when compared with Group CN (P < 0.001). Recovery of sensory block was prolonged in Group DM when compared with Group CN (P < 0.001), but recovery of motor block was comparable in both the groups. The hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups without any significant adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Premedication with IV dexmedetomidine infusion is better than that with IV clonidine infusion to provide intraoperative sedation and postoperative analgesia as premedication with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% spinal anesthesia.
Introduction of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills as Workplace-Based Assessment Tool in Department of Anesthesiology
Authors: Mathur Pooja R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
The direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) was introduced for the workplace-based assessment of procedural skills. It offers an opportunity to provide feedback to trainees. This makes DOPS an authentic measure of clinical competence in anesthesiology training. The goal of this study was to assess the perceptions of both trainees and consultants regarding the use of DOPS and to evaluate the performance of anesthesia postgraduate (PG) trainees over consecutive assessments.

Materials and Methods:
After approval from the ethical committee and sensitization workshop, two exposures of DOPS per trainee were given for three common anesthesia skills as per their years in training. Thereafter anonymous feedback was collected from faculty and trainees to gather their perception regarding DOPS. Consecutive DOPS scores for trainees were analyzed. Data were presented in terms of percentages, mean, and standard deviation. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
More than 50% of participants were satisfied with the way DOPS was conducted and thought it was feasible for formative assessment. About 80% of participants were of the view that DOPS is helpful for anesthesia training and improving anesthesia procedural skills. Yet only 40%–50% favored the addition of DOPS to the departmental assessment plan. Significant improvement was observed in DOPS scores of PG trainees. Mean DOPS scores of postgraduate trainee year 1, 2, and 3 (JR 1, JR 2, and JR 3) increased from 2.6 to 4.8, 4 to 5.7, and 5.6 to 7, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
DOPS may be considered as a useful tool for workplace-based assessment for anesthesia PG training.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ONLINE LEARNING AND STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE IN THE RURAL AREAS IN MALAYSIA - THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PARENT’S SUPPORT
Authors: Kanapathipillai Kumaran , Narayanan Subaneeswasri 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study was undertaken during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown to scrutinise the mediating role of parental support on the relationship between online learning and student's academic performance. To realise the objectives, the researchers used the quantitative approach to explore this mediating effect. The population of this study was 7.4 million families who are living in the rural areas in Malaysia. Using the simple random sampling method, 650 parents in rural areas were chosen as the participants in this research. For data collection, closed-ended questionnaires were used by the researchers. Out of the 650 questionnaires, 437 were collected, but only 426 could be used as the respondents did not fully complete the rest. The results of this research illuminated that parent's intervention and support are statistically and significantly necessary during their children's online learning sessions to enhance their children's academic performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research can guide academics in public and private education sectors, parents, and the Ministry of Education to focus and upgrade the online learning and teaching methodologies rather than just depending on conventional teaching and learning methodologies. Online learning could be beneficial whenever a catastrophic incident occurs that may disrupt children's education; as such, it would be wise to encourage parents to be always ready for this new way of learning in the new milieu.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0897/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ TEACHING EXPERIENCE ON TEACHING OF LITERACY SKILLS AMONG GRADE ONE PUPILS IN MOMBASA, KENYA
Authors: Olando Emelda Juma , Mwangi Margaret 
Published: November 2021

<p>Early childhood years are crucial in children’s literacy development since the development of language and literacy begins at birth and is a lifelong process. For early childhood education to be a success, teacher experience is imperative for teaching literacy. The teachers’ experience informs the necessary literacy skills for the child which include writing, reading, speaking, listening and drawing. Policies governing basic education in Kenya do emphasize the importance of skilled, experienced teachers in the classroom, including early childhood settings. However, such requirements have not been adhered to and therefore numerous early childhood teachers lack experience in children literacy issues. This study sought to determine how teacher’s experience influences the teaching of literacy skills in primary school in Mbaraki Zone, Mombasa County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was adopted in the study. The target population for the study comprised of 20 head teachers, 800 Grade one pupils and 40 Grade one teachers of all the twenty primary schools in Mbaraki Zone, Mombasa County, Kenya. Purposive sampling approach was used to obtain the sample for the primary school head teachers and Grade one teachers because they are relatively small. Three learners were sampled randomly from each class that had a participating teacher. The study findings revealed that majority of teachers had more than five years of experience teaching literacy skills. The inferential analysis revealed that the teaching experience had a statistically significant influence on reading (p 0.014), speaking (p 0.021), listening skills (p 0.038) as well as basic skills (p 0.019). The study calls on the ministry of education and the schools to ensure that teachers assigned to grade one should have extensive experience teaching literacy skills to promote teaching of literacy skills in the classes.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0975/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
TRANSFORMATION VARIABLES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Yassin Yasni Nurul Huda Mohd , Thangal Thahira Bibi TKM , Bungsu Mohd Sharial , Osman Mohd Hassan Mohd , Othman Akmal Aini , Ismail Azianti 
Published: November 2021

<p>The higher education sector faced increasingly tense to transform due to the digitization that reshapes the world in the 21st century to strengthen and improve the teaching and learning environment. The present critical success factors driven by global-profit-making reform institutions are affected by both external and internal issues. This systematic article review expounds on the instrumental transformation variables that influence higher education institutions globally. The exploration of these variables is not a new phenomenon in this research field and has long gained numerous scholars' attention. However, most of these past inquiries overlooked the effects of cultural and contextual components, where the higher education landscape perspectives are often underrepresented. Hence, this study aims to fill this gap by critically reviewing a considerable amount of past studies on the changes in Asian educational institutions. The Systematic Review approach was adopted for data analysis, accessing main journal databases and search engines through Elsevier, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, Emerald and EBSCO. The search efforts resulted in a corpus of 33 articles were reviewed. As a result of the thematic analyses, eight main themes were formulated namely, Globalization, Income Generation and Financial Implication, Institutional Policies, Knowledge Management, Learning Innovation, Governance in Institutional Restructuring, Synergy, and Leadership as dominant variables for the higher education sector. Several recommendations were also presented for the reference of relevant parties and future scholars. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0963/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
INVESTIGATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE, PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM PERCEPTIONS OF ACADEMICIANS
Authors: Yalçın Sinan , Özbaş Mehmet 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research, which aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational justice, perceived organizational support and organizational cynicism perceptions of academicians, was designed with the correlational survey model in the quantitative research pattern. The data of the research were collected with the organizational justice, perceived organizational support and organizational cynicism scales. The research was carried out with 132 academicians who were in-service in the Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2019. The data of the research were analysed using the frequency, frequency, arithmetic mean, correlation and regression analysis. At the end of the research, it was found that the organizational justice, perceived organizational support of the academicians were at a high level, their organizational cynicism perceptions were at a low level. According to another result reached, there was a negative significant relationship between organizational justice, perceived organizational support perceptions and organizational cynicism perceptions of the academicians. At the end of the regression analysis, it was found that the academicians' organizational justice and perceived organizational support perceptions were a significant predictor of organizational cynicism.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0951/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>