bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of population inversion saturation on the transverse mode instability threshold in high power fiber laser oscillators
Authors: Roohforouz Ali , Eyni Chenar Reza , Rezaei-Nasirabad Reza , Azizi Saeed , Hejaz Kamran , Hamedani Golshan Ali , Abedinajafi Ali , Vatani Vahid , Nabavi Seyed Hassan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo achieve a 3.02 kW Yb-doped fiber laser oscillator, the behavior of transverse mode instability (TMI) is experimentally studied in different pumping configurations; co, hybrid, counter, and bidirectional. A comparative analysis showed that population inversion saturation has a substantial impact on TMI threshold enhancement in high power fiber oscillators. Monitoring the dynamic power exchange of fundamental mode and higher-order mode of laser output beam indicates that in a hybrid pumping scheme, simultaneous pumping with two different wavelengths enhances the TMI threshold to a great stand. Moreover, injecting a few watts of pumping light in the counter direction mitigates the TMI caused by pumping in the co-direction. Calculation of population inversion in different pumping configurations using simulation shows that higher population inversion saturation leads to increasing the TMI threshold.
Data-driven analysis of amino acid change dynamics timely reveals SARS-CoV-2 variant emergence
Authors: Bernasconi Anna , Mari Lorenzo , Casagrandi Renato , Ceri Stefano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince its emergence in late 2019, the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the evolution of its viral genome. The co-occurrence of specific amino acid changes, collectively named ‘virus variant’, requires scrutiny (as variants may hugely impact the agent’s transmission, pathogenesis, or antigenicity); variant evolution is studied using phylogenetics. Yet, never has this problem been tackled by digging into data with ad hoc analysis techniques. Here we show that the emergence of variants can in fact be traced through data-driven methods, further capitalizing on the value of large collections of SARS-CoV-2 sequences. For all countries with sufficient data, we compute weekly counts of amino acid changes, unveil time-varying clusters of changes with similar—rapidly growing—dynamics, and then follow their evolution. Our method succeeds in timely associating clusters to variants of interest/concern, provided their change composition is well characterized. This allows us to detect variants’ emergence, rise, peak, and eventual decline under competitive pressure of another variant. Our early warning system, exclusively relying on deposited sequences, shows the power of big data in this context, and concurs to calling for the wide spreading of public SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing for improved surveillance and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Antibacterial activity and characteristics of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Carduus crispus
Authors: Urnukhsaikhan Enerelt , Bold Bum-Erdene , Gunbileg Aminaa , Sukhbaatar Nominchimeg , Mishig-Ochir Tsogbadrakh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years’ synthesis of metal nanoparticle using plants has been extensively studied and recognized as a non-toxic and efficient method applicable in biomedical field. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of different parts of medical plant Carduus crispus on synthesizing silver nanoparticles and characterize the produced nanoparticle. Our study showed that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized via whole plant extract exhibited a blue shift in absorption spectra with increased optical density, which correlates to a high yield and small size. Also, the results of zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, photon cross-correlation spectroscopy analysis showed the surface charge of − 54.29 ± 4.96 mV (AgNP-S), − 42.64 ± 3.762 mV (AgNP-F), − 46.02 ± 4.17 mV (AgNP-W), the crystallite size of 36 nm (AgNP-S), 13 nm (AgNP-F), 14 nm (AgNP-W) with face-centered cubic structure and average grain sizes of 145.1 nm, 22.5 nm and 99.6 nm. Another important characteristic, such as elemental composition and constituent capping agent has been determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared. The silver nanoparticles were composed of ~ 80% Ag, ~ 15% K, and ~ 7.5% Ca (or ~ 2.8% P) elements. Moreover, the results of the FTIR measurement suggested that the distinct functional groups present in both AgNP-S and AgNP-F were found in AgNP-W. The atomic force microscopy analysis revealed that AgNP-S, AgNP-F and AgNP-W had sizes of 131 nm, 33 nm and 70 nm respectively. In addition, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. At 17 µg/ml concentration, AgNP-S, AgNP-F and AgNP-W showed very low toxicity on HepG2 cell line but also high antibacterial activity. The silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity on both gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (5.5 ± 0.2 mm to 6.5 ± 0.3 mm) and gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus (7 ± 0.4 mm to 7.7 ± 0.5 mm). Our study is meaningful as a first observation indicating the possibility of using special plant organs to control the characteristics of nanoparticles.
Molecular dynamics simulations of ion beam irradiation on graphene/MoS2 heterostructure
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhu Xiaobao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe interaction between ion irradiation and two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures is important for the performance modulation and application realization, while few studies have been reported. This paper investigates the influence of Ar ion irradiation on graphene/MoS2 heterostructure by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The generation of defects is studied at first by considering the influence factors (i.e., irradiation energy, dose, stacking order, and substrate). Then uniaxial tensile test simulations are conducted to uncover the evolution of the mechanical performance of graphene/MoS2 heterostructure after being irradiated by ions. At last, the control rule of interlayer distance in graphene/MoS2 heterostructure by ion irradiation is illustrated for the actual applications. This study could provide important guidance for future application in tuning the performance of graphene/MoS2 heterostructure-based devices by ion beam irradiation.
Exercise effects on muscle quality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Radaelli Régis , Taaffe Dennis R. , Newton Robert U. , Galvão Daniel. A. , Lopez Pedro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo systematically review and analyse the effects of exercise on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MQ) outcomes in older adults and assess a range of possible moderators that may affect the impact of exercise on MQ outcomes. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomised controlled trials were searched in CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, MedNar, OpenGrey and OpenThesis databases. Eligible trials examined the effects of exercise interventions on morphological and neuromuscular MQ in older adults (≥ 60 years). Twenty-one trials (n = 973 participants) were included. Exercise significantly improved morphological MQ (effect size (ES) = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.51, P < 0.001) with significant results maintained for studies assessing muscle density and intermuscular adipose tissue (ES = 0.45–0.52, P < 0.05). For neuromuscular MQ, exercise provided significant positive effects (ES = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.69, P < 0.001) but only maintained for physically healthy participants (ES = 0.43, P < 0.001), resistance exercise interventions (ES = 0.64, P < 0.001), or studies assessing 1-RM or knee extensor isokinetic muscle strength relative to leg lean mass (ES = 0.48–0.62, P = 0.001). Associations between exercise duration and changes in MQ measures were not observed (P > 0.05). Supervised exercise interventions significantly improved different measures of MQ regardless of exercise duration, although these effects were small-to-moderate and not supported across all population-, exercise-, and methods-related features.
A splicing variant of TFEB negatively regulates the TFEB-autophagy pathway
Authors: Park Jee-Yun , Sohn Hee-Young , Koh Young Ho , Jo Chulman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTranscription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Here, we cloned a novel splicing variant of TFEB, comprising 281 amino acids (hereafter referred to as small TFEB), and lacking the helix-loop-helix (HLH) and leucine zipper (LZ) motifs present in the full-length TFEB (TFEB-L). The TFEB variant is widely expressed in several tissues, including the brain, although its expression level is considerably lower than that of TFEB-L. Intriguingly, in cells stably expressing small TFEB, the expression profile of genes was inverted compared to that in cells ectopically expressing TFEB-L. In addition, fisetin-induced luciferase activity of promoter containing either coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) element or antioxidant response element (ARE) was significantly repressed by co-transfection with small TFEB. Moreover, fisetin-mediated clearance of phosphorylated tau or α-synuclein was attenuated in the presence of small TFEB. Taken together, the results suggest that small TFEB is a novel splicing variant of TFEB that might act as a negative regulator of TFEB-L, thus fine tuning the activity of ALP during cellular stress.
Formalin fumigation and steaming of various composts differentially influence the nutrient release, growth and yield of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Ali Muhammad Arif , Smith Donald L. , Masood Sajid , Qayyum Muhammad Farooq , Ahmed Niaz , Rehman Ateeq ur , Ahmad Shakeel , Hussain Sajjad , Arshad Muhammad , Muneer Summia , Khan Aqib Hassan Ali , Fahad Shah , Datta Rahul , Iqbal Mazhar , Schwinghamer Timothy D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNutrient disorder and presence of disease-causing agents in soilless media negatively influence the growth of muskmelon. To combat these issues, use of environmentally-friendly sanitation techniques is crucial for increased crop productivity. The study was conducted under greenhouse and field conditions to investigate the effect of two different sanitation techniques: steaming and formalin fumigation on various media’s characteristics and their impact on muskmelon yield. Media: jantar, guar, wheat straw and rice hull and peat moss of 10% air-filled porosity and sanitized with formalin and steaming. Steaming of guar, jantar, and wheat straw increased the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations by 13.80–14.86% and 6.22–8.45% over formalin fumigation. Likewise, P and K concentrations in muskmelon were higher under steaming. Steaming significantly inhibited the survival ofFusariumwilt sp.melonis, root knot nematode sp.meloidogyneand nitrifying bacteria in media than formalin fumigation. In conclusion, steaming decreased the prevalence of nitrifying bacteria and pathogens which thus improved the NO3−–N:NH4+–N ratios, P and K nutritional balance both in the media and muskmelon transplants. Hence, steaming as an environment-friendly approach is recommended for soilless media. Further, optimization of steaming for various composts with different crops needs to be investigated with steaming teachnique.
Five-second STEM dislocation tomography for 300 nm thick specimen assisted by deep-learning-based noise filtering
Authors: Zhao Yifang , Koike Suguru , Nakama Rikuto , Ihara Shiro , Mitsuhara Masatoshi , Murayama Mitsuhiro , Hata Satoshi , Saito Hikaru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is suitable for visualizing the inside of a relatively thick specimen than the conventional transmission electron microscopy, whose resolution is limited by the chromatic aberration of image forming lenses, and thus, the STEM mode has been employed frequently for computed electron tomography based three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization and combined with analytical methods such as annular dark field imaging or spectroscopies. However, the image quality of STEM is severely suffered by noise or artifacts especially when rapid imaging, in the order of millisecond per frame or faster, is pursued. Here we demonstrate a deep-learning-assisted rapid STEM tomography, which visualizes 3D dislocation arrangement only within five-second acquisition of all the tilt-series images even in a 300 nm thick steel specimen. The developed method offers a new platform for various in situ or operando 3D microanalyses in which dealing with relatively thick specimens or covering media like liquid cells are required.
Preventing adolescent synaptic pruning in mouse prelimbic cortex via local knockdown of α4βδ GABAA receptors increases anxiety response in adulthood
Authors: Evrard Matthew R. , Li Michael , Shen Hui , Smith Sheryl S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnxiety is increasingly reported, especially in adolescent females. The etiology is largely unknown, which limits effective treatment. Layer 5 prelimbic cortex (L5PL) increases anxiety responses but undergoes adolescent synaptic pruning, raising the question of the impact of pruning on anxiety. Here we show that preventing L5PL pruning increases anxiety in response to an aversive event in adolescent and adult female mice. Spine density of Golgi-stained neurons decreased ~ 63% from puberty (~ PND35, vaginal opening) to post-puberty (PND56, P < 0.0001). Expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) transiently increased tenfold in L5PL at puberty (P < 0.00001), but decreased post-pubertally. Both global and local knockdown of these receptors during puberty prevented pruning, increasing spine density post-pubertally (P < 0.0001), an effect reversed by blocking NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Pubertal expression of the NMDAR-dependent spine protein kalirin7 decreased (50%, P < 0.0001), an effect prevented by α4 knock-out, suggesting that α4βδ-induced reductions in kalirin7 underlie pruning. Increased spine density due to local α4 knockdown at puberty decreased open arm time on the elevated plus maze post-pubertally (62%, P < 0.0001) in response to an aversive stimulus, suggesting that increases in L5PL synapses increase anxiety responses. These findings suggest that prelimbic synaptic pruning is necessary to limit anxiety in adulthood and may suggest novel therapies.
Bmal1 in the striatum influences alcohol intake in a sexually dimorphic manner
Authors: de Zavalia Nuria , Schoettner Konrad , Goldsmith Jory A. , Solis Pavel , Ferraro Sarah , Parent Gabrielle , Amir Shimon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlcohol consumption has been strongly associated with circadian clock gene expression in mammals. Analysis of clock genes revealed a potential role ofBmal1in the control of alcohol drinking behavior. However, a causal role ofBmal1and neural pathways through which it may influence alcohol intake have not yet been established. Here we show that selective ablation ofBmal1(Cre/loxP system) from medium spiny neurons of the striatum induces sexual dimorphic alterations in alcohol consumption in mice, resulting in augmentation of voluntary alcohol intake in males and repression of intake in females.Per2mRNA expression, quantified by qPCR, decreases in the striatum after the deletion ofBmal1. To address the possibility that the effect of striatalBmal1deletion on alcohol intake and preference involves changes in the local expression ofPer2, voluntary alcohol intake (two-bottle, free-choice paradigm) was studied in mice with a selective ablation ofPer2from medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Striatal ablation ofPer2increases voluntary alcohol intake in males but has no effect in females. StriatalBmal1andPer2expression thus may contribute to the propensity to consume alcohol in a sex -specific manner in mice.
Dopamine based adhesive nano-coatings on extracellular matrix (ECM) based grafts for enhanced host–graft interfacing affinity
Authors: Tao Chao , Jin Min , Yao Hang , Wang Dong-An 
Published: October 2021

An adhesive nano-coating on extracellular matrix (ECM) based grafts, which could crosslink in situ with ferric ions for fixation with surrounding tissues after implantation without affecting the porous structures of the grafts, was developed.
Exploration of the Influences of Temporary Velum Paralysis on Auditory-Perceptual, Acoustic, and Tomographical Markers
Authors: Maryn Youri , Zarowski Andrzej , Loomans Natalie 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
To better understand hypernasality (HN), we explored the relations between velopharyngeal orifice, auditory perception of HN, and acoustic-spectral measures in an in vivo within-subject design: (a) with a normally functioning velum as the control condition and (b) with a temporarily paralyzed velum as the experimental condition.

Method

The velum of eight volunteers was injected with ropivacaine hydrochloride (Naropin) in the area of the levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles to induce temporary velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) and HN. Sustained [a] and [i] and oronasal text readings were recorded, and 3D cone-beam computed tomography images of the vocal tract were built before and during velar anesthesia. Differences between conditions and correlations in normal-to-numb differences between velopharyngeal cross-sectional area (VP
area
), mean ratings of HN severity, and nine acoustic-spectral measures were determined.

Results

Three subjects already had some incomplete velopharyngeal closure in the control condition. Temporary motor nerve blockage of the velum (increased VP
area
) was accomplished in seven subjects, leading to increased HN and changes in three acoustic-spectral measures. Furthermore, significant correlations only emerged between VP
area
, HN, and Model
Kataoka
.

Conclusions

In most of the participants, it was possible to temporarily increase the velopharyngeal orifice to investigate HN while controlling other speech variables and cephalic morphology. Although this study was exploratory and its are findings preliminary, it provided additional evidence for the possible clinical value of Model
Kataoka
,
A
3
–
P
0
, and B

F
1

for the objective measurement of VPI or HN.
An inferencing structure for MPO‐based decentralized dynamic fault diagnosis
Authors: Khaleghi Milad , Barkhordari Yazdi Mojtaba , Karimoddini Ali , Maghfoori Farsangi Malihe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of fault diagnosis in discrete event systems through a decentralized structure. Within the proposed decentralized diagnosis structure, local most permissive bbservers (MPOs) are employed as diagnosis tools, and an effective protocol is proposed to coordinate local MPOs to infer diagnosis information. It is shown that the proposed technique can diagnose fault occurrences subjected to proper sensing decisions. A sufficient condition on sensing decision policies is derived for diagnosis of faults in a decentralized setting. Further, it is proven that the proposed decentralized structure has less complexity than a centralized structure. The details of the proposed technique are illustrated by applying the developed method to a manufacturing system.
An efficient eigenmode restoration and mode matching method for multi‐junctional inhomogeneous waveguiding structures based on the Krylov subspace method
Authors: Liu Jia , Su Min , Yu Xu Qun , Fang Ning , Wang Bao Fa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMode matching is a widely used method in various electromagnetic problems due to its dimensional advantages. However, the numerical implementation of mode matching is challenged by its high computational complexity in solving eigenvalue problems. The Lanczos method approximates the original eigenvalue problem in an efficient way and transforms the mode matching into an implicit form. The price of efficiency enhancement is the loss of eigenmode accuracy and behaviour interpretation. Its numerical efficiency is also influenced by block matrix dimensions while solving multi‐junctional waveguide structures. This work proposes a novel structure eigenmode restoration algorithm based on the Krylov subspace method. The method takes the conventional explicit mode matching strategy, but the efficiency enhancement for solving eigenmodes is prominent. The overall computational complexity is reduced from the original O(N3) to O(N1.5) without the cost of eigenmode accuracy loss. Numerical benchmark cases verify the proposed method’s accuracy and efficiency. The efficiency advantage is outstanding especially in computational time. Extra discussions about eigenmode selection strategies based on accuracy controlling indicate that the proposed method possesses better flexibility in solving complicated waveguide problems.
Observational evidence for two-component distributions describing solar magnetic bright points
Authors: Berrios Saavedra Gerardine , Utz Dominik , Vargas Domínguez Santiago , Campos Rozo José Iván , González Manrique Sergio Javier , Gömöry Peter , Kuckein Christoph , Balthasar Horst , Zelina Peter 
Published: October 2021

Context.High-resolution observations of the solar photosphere reveal the presence of fine structures, in particular the so-called Magnetic Bright Points (MBPs), which are small-scale features associated with strong magnetic field regions of the order of kilogauss (kG). It is especially relevant to study these magnetic elements, which are extensively detected in all moments during the solar cycle, in order to establish their contribution to the behavior of the solar atmosphere, and ultimately a plausible role within the coronal heating problem.Aims.Characterisation of size and velocity distributions of MBPs in the solar photosphere in two different datasets of quiet Sun images acquired with high-resolution solar instruments i.e. Solar Optical Telescope SOT/Hinode and the High-resolution Fast Imager HiFI/GREGOR, in theG-band (4308 Å).Methods.In order to detect the MBPs, an automatic segmentation and identification algorithm is used. Next, the identified features were tracked to measure their proper motions. Finally, a statistical analysis of hundreds of MBPs is carried out, generating histograms for areas, diameters and horizontal velocities.Results.This work establishes that areas and diameters of MBPs display log-normal distributions that are well-fitted by two different components, whereas the velocity vector components follow Gaussians and the vector magnitude a Rayleigh distribution revealing again for all vector elements a two component composition.Conclusions.The results can be interpreted as due to the presence of two different populations of MBPs in the solar photosphere one likely related to stronger network magnetic flux elements and the other one to weaker intranetwork flux elemens. In particular this work concludes on the effect of the different spatial resolution of GREGOR and Hinode telescopes, affecting detections and average values.