bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human acellular amniotic membrane incorporating exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes diabetic wound healing
Authors: Xiao Shune , Xiao Chunfang , Miao Yong , Wang Jin , Chen Ruosi , Fan Zhexiang , Hu Zhiqi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetic wounds threaten the health and quality of life of patients and their treatment remains challenging. ADSC-derived exosomes have shown encouraging results in enhancing diabetic wound healing. However, the common method of exosome administration is subcutaneous injection at several sites around the wound, causing further damage and preventing direct contact between the exosomes and the injury site. Methods: A diabetic mouse skin wound model was established. ADSC-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) were isolated and in vitro application of exosomes was evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). After preparation and characterization of a scaffold of human acellular amniotic membrane (hAAM) loaded with ADSC-Exos in vitro , they were transplanted into wounds in vivo and wound healing phenomena were observed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses to identify the wound healing mechanism of the exosome-hAAM composites. Results: The hAAM scaffold dressing was very suitable for the delivery of exosomes. ADSC-Exos enhanced the proliferation and migration of HDFs and promoted proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro . In vivo results from a diabetic skin wound model showed that the hAAM-Exos dressing accelerated wound healing by regulating inflammation, stimulating vascularization and promoting the production of extracellular matrix. Conclusion: Exosome-incorporated hAAM scaffolds showed great potential in promoting diabetic skin wound healing, while also providing strong evidence for the future clinical applications of ADSC-derived exosomes.
The Characteristics of Insoluble Softwood Substrates Affect Fungal Morphology, Secretome Composition, and Hydrolytic Efficiency of Enzymes Produced by Trichoderma Reesei
Authors: Novy Vera , Nielsen Fredrik , Cullen Daniel , Sabat Grzegorz , Houtman Carl J. , Hunt Christopher G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOn-site enzyme production using Trichoderma reesei can improve yields and lower the overall cost of lignocellulose saccharification by exploiting the fungal gene regulatory mechanism that enables it to continuously adapt enzyme secretion to the substrate used for cultivation. To harness this, the interrelation between substrate characteristics and fungal response must be understood. However, fungal morphology or gene expression studies often lack structural and chemical substrate characterization. Here, T. reesei QM6a was cultivated on three softwood substrates: northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp (NBSK) and lodgepole pine pretreated by dilute-acid-catalyzed steam pretreatment (LP-STEX) and mild alkaline oxidation (LP-ALKOX). With different pretreatments of similar starting materials, we presented the fungus with systematically modified substrates. This allowed the elucidation of substrate-induced changes in the fungal response and the testing of the secreted enzymes’ hydrolytic strength towards the same substrates.ResultsEnzyme activity time courses correlated with hemicellulose content and cellulose accessibility. Specifically, increased amounts of side chain-cleaving hemicellulolytic enzymes in the protein produced on the complex substrates (LP-STEX; LP-ALKOX) was observed by secretome analysis. Confocal laser scanning micrographs showed that fungal micromorphology responded to changes in cellulose accessibility and initial culture viscosity. The latter was caused by surface charge and fiber dimensions, and likely restricted mass transfer, resulting in morphologies of fungi in stress. Supplementing a basic cellulolytic enzyme mixture with concentrated T. reesei supernatant improved saccharification efficiencies of the three substrates, where cellulose, xylan, and mannan conversion was increased by up to 27%, 45%, and 2800%, respectively. The improvement was most pronounced for proteins produced on LP-STEX and LP-ALKOX on those same substrates, and in the best case, efficiencies reached those of a state-of-the-art enzyme preparation.ConclusionCultivation of T. reesei on LP-STEX and LP-ALKOX produced a protein mixture that increased the hydrolytic strength of a basic cellulase mixture to state-of-the-art performance on softwood substrates. This suggests that the fungal adaptation mechanism can be exploited to achieve enhanced performance in enzymatic hydrolysis without a priori knowledge of specific substrate requirements.
Characterization of Simultaneous Uptake of Xylose and Glucose in Caldicellulosiruptor Kronotskyensis for Optimal Hydrogen Production
Authors: Vongkampang Thitiwut , Sreeni Krishnan , Engvall Jonathan , Grey Carl , Niel Ed van 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCaldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis has gained interest for its ability to grow on various lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth profiles of C . kronotskyensis in the presence of mixtures of glucose-xylose. Recently, we characterized a diauxic-like pattern for C. saccharolyticus on lignocellulosic sugar mixtures. In this study we aimed to investigated further whether C . kronotskyensis has adapted to uptake glucose in the disaccharide form (cellobiose) rather than the monosaccharide (glucose). ResultsInterestingly, growth of C . kronotskyensis on glucose and xylose mixtures did not display diauxic-like growth patterns. Closer investigation revealed that, in contrast to C. saccharolyticus , C . kronotskyensis does not possess a second uptake system for glucose. Both C. saccharolyticus and C . kronotskyensis share the characteristics of preferring xylose over glucose. Growth on xylose was twice as fast (μ max = 0.57 h -1 ) as on glucose (μ max = 0.28 h -1 ). It was found that C . kronotskyensis takes up glucose and xylose simultaneously with the same transporter. A study of the sugar uptake was made with different glucose-xylose ratios to find a kinetic relationship between the two sugars for transport into the cell. High concentrations of glucose inhibited xylose uptake and vice versa. The inhibition constants were estimated to be K I,glu = 0.01 cmol·L -1 and K I,xyl = 0.001 cmol·L -1 , hence glucose uptake was more severely inhibited by xylose uptake. Bioinformatic analysis indicated the lack of another sugar uptake system in C . kronotskyensis as compared to C. saccharolyticus . Therefore, it was investigated whether glucose uptake by C . kronotskyensis was in the form of cellobiose. Indeed, cellobiose is taken up faster than glucose, nevertheless, the growth rate on each sugar remained similar. ConclusionsC . kronotskyensis possesses a xylose transporter that might take up glucose at an inferior rate even in the absence of xylose. Alternatively, glucose can be taken up in the form of cellobiose, but growth performance is still inferior to growth on xylose. Therefore, we propose that the catabolism of C . kronotskyensis has adapted more strongly to pentose rather than hexose thereby having obtained a specific survival edge in thermophilic lignocellulosic degradation communities.
Analysing the Relationship Between Co2 Emissions and GDP in China; A Fractional Integration and Cointegration Approach
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Claudio-Quiroga Gloria , Gil-Alana Luis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the logarithms of CO2 emissions and real GDP in China by applying fractional integration and cointegration methods. These are more general than the standard methods based on the dichotomy between stationary and non-stationary series, allow for a much wider variety of dynamic processes, and provide information about the persistence and long-memory properties of the series and thus on whether or not the effects of shocks are long-lived. The univariate results indicate that the two series are highly persistent, their orders of integration being around 2, whilst the cointegration tests (using both standard and fractional techniques) imply that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between the two variables in first differences, i.e. their growth rates are linked together in the long run. This suggests the need for environmental policies aimed at reducing emissions during periods of economic growth. JEL Classification: C22, C32, Q56
The Effect of Preoperative Aminophylline on the Recovery Profile After Major Pelvi-abdominal Surgeries: a Randomized Controlled Double-blinded Study
Authors: Kasim Samaa A. , Bahr Mahmoud Hussien , Abdelkader Mohamed , Rashwan Doaa Abu Elkassim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study compared the effects of premedication with different doses of aminophylline on the recovery profile after general anesthesia.Methods: 45 patients scheduled for pelvi-abdominal surgeries were divided into 3 groups; Group(C): the patients received 100 ml of IV normal saline, Group (A1): received 2 mg/kg aminophylline IV)and Group(A2): received 4 mg/kg aminophylline(IV)30minutes before induction of general anesthesia . The following data were recorded:demographic data, ASA physical status, duration of anesthesia and surgery, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, propofol dose, fentanyl dose ,times to reach BIS (48±2)after induction of anesthesia and to reach 80 after discontinuation of sevoflurane anesthesia,time till recovery of consciousness and to tracheal extubation and to discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit,side effects of aminophylline were also recorded .Results :The time till BIS reach 48±2 was statistically significantly less for the control group compared to group A2 (70.67±22.50 and 106.67±34.77 minutes) for group C and A2 respectively;(p -value =0.00),the time till BIS reached 80 was statistically significantly longer for the control group compared to group A2 (5.6±1.40 and 2.53±1.72 minutes ) for group C and A2 respectively;(p -value =0.00),time for ROC was statistically significantly longer for the control group than group A1 and A2(8.93±0.92, 5.6±2.47 and 4.53±3.33 minutes) for group C, A1 and A2 respectively ; (p -value =0.00 ), the extubation time was statistically significantly longer for the control group being12.4±1.08,7.87±3.27and 6.6±2.47 minutes) for group C, A1 and A2 respectively; (p -value =0.00.Conclusion: Premedication with aminophylline enhanced the recovery profile after pelvi-abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia without cardiovascular complications.Trial registration: Number: NCT04151381, date November 5, 2019, retrospectively
A Congenital Brucellosis Case of 34-day-old Girl
Authors: Xu Dan , Li Xuejing , Cheng Beilei , Zhou Yunlian , Zhou Mingming , Gu Weizhong , Chen Zhimin , Wang Yingshuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic infection over the world, caused by bacterial genus brucella. The disease is transmitted rarely via human-to-human transmission. Limited data support vertical transmission of human brucellosis. Herein, we reported a case of congenital brucellosis case with solid evidence of pathogen detected in mother’s placental specimen.Case presentation: A 34-day-old girl was admitted to department of pulmonology because of fever for eight days. Her mother had fatigue and arthralgia for 2 weeks, fever and membrane rupture 1 day before the baby was born. Three blood samples and one sample of cerebrospinal fluid showed positive with Brucella meliteusis. The diagnosis of brucellosis and Brucella meliteusis meningitis were established with hyperbilirubinemia and liver dysfunction. Treatment of rifampicin (6 weeks) and meropenem (2 weeks) was applied. However, the disease relapsed 3 weeks. A combination therapy of rifampicin and SMZ/TMP lasted for eight weeks. Brucella meliteusis DNA was detected by next-generation sequencing and bacterial identifying under microscope in mother’s placental specimen, which also proved chorioamnionitis. The baby was still in following-up.Conclusions: We reported a confirmed case of congenital brucellosis. This disease should be paid enough attention even in non epidemic areas. The treatment of brucellosis in infancy face the challenge of medicine choosing and disease relapse.
Inhomogenous Amorphous Content and Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties in Bi12TiO20-based Composite Ceramics
Authors: Yu Dan , Zhao Minglei , Wang Chunlei , Fan Jiyuan , Li Shilei , Li Zhao , Liu Yunyan , Wang Cao , Lu Maozeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bi12TiO20-based composite ceramics were prepared by sintering a mixture of presynthesized Bi12TiO20 and a second phase around the melting point of Bi12TiO20. These ceramics can exhibit direct as well as inverse piezoelectricity without electrical polarization, and become competitive piezoelectric material with high depoling temperature and stable thermal behavior. However, their piezoelectric constants were, in general, relatively low and do not remain consistent for both the symbol and magnitude over the entire surface. To prevent the permeation of melting Bi12TiO20 into substrate and thus create the inhomogenous amorphous content, samples were sintered on Al2O3 (0001) single crystal substrate. Compared to samples sintered on Al2O3 ceramics, piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of these samples was increased by 80%. Moreover, the symbol of d33 is identical on the whole surface. Here, the enhanced piezoelectricity might be ascribed to increased alignment of distorted BiO5 polyhedra in amorphous Bi12TiO20 phase. These results provided a method to improve the piezoelectric properties of Bi12TiO20-based ceramics and provided some inspiration for further development of Bi12TiO20-based ceramics suitable for practical applications.
FUBP1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Stemness and Metastasis via DVL1-Mediated Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Yin Haofan , Gao Tianxiao , Xie Jinye , Huang Zhijian , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Fengyu , Qi Weiwei , Yang Zhonghan , Zhou Ti , Gao Guoquan , Yang Xia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients die from distant metastasis. Approximately 50% of CRC patients develop liver metastases, while 10% to 30% of patients appear pulmonary metastases. The occurrence of metastasis is considered to be almost exclusively driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation. However, the key molecules that confer the stem-transformation of CRC and subsequent metastasis remain unclear.Methods: FUBP1 was screened in CRC CSCs by mass spectrometry and was examined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of CRC tissues. The stemness induction and mechanism of FUBP1 were elucidated both in vivo and in vitro.Results: FUBP1 was upregulated in 85% of KRAS mutation and 25% of wildtype CRC patients which correspondence to the metastasis rate. Further, elevated FUBP1 was positively correlated with CRC lymph node metastasis and clinical stages and negatively associated with overall survival, whatever KRAS mutation or wildtype. Overexpression of FUBP1 significantly enhanced migration, invasion, tumor sphere formation and CD133/ALDH1 expression of CRC cells in vitro and the tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, FUBP1 promoted the initiation of CSCs by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via directly binding to the promoter of DVL1, a vigoroso activator of β-catenin. The knockdown of DVL1 tremendously blockaded the stem-transformation and tumorigenicity of CRC. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by DVL1 increased pluripotent transcription factors, including c-Myc, NANOG, SOX2 rather c-Myc alone. Moreover, FUBP1 was upregulated at the post-transcriptional level. Elevated FUBP1 in KRAS wildtype CRC patients is due to the decrease of Smurf2, which promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of FUBP1. Whereas FUBP1 was upregulated in mutated KRAS patients through both inhibition of caspase-3-dependent cleavage and decreased Smurf2.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate for the first time that FUBP1 is a novel oncogene for the initiation of CSCs as a new endogenous Wnt signaling powerful agonist and may provide an important prognostic factor and therapeutic target for metastasis in both KRAS mutation and wildtype CRC.
Implications of the Overlapping Degree Between Proximal Fibula and Tibia for Placing the Optimal Syndesmotic Screw: A Virtual Cadaveric Study
Authors: Jung Gu-Hee , Lee Jun-Young , Lim Jae-Hwan , Lee Hyeon-Joon , Lee June-Yeon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the optimal direction of the syndesmotic screw and introduce a consistent landmark for practical application by analyzing three-dimensional (3D) modeling and virtual implantation.Methods: A total of 102 cadaveric lower legs (50 males and 55 females, average height of 160.6 ± 7.1cm) were used to reconstruct a 3D model by using the Mimics® software and the joint morphology was evaluated. Syndesmotic cylinders (Ø3.5 mm/Length 100 mm) were transversely placed in the proximal end of the incisura fibularis for simulating screw fixation. The tibial proximal cylinder, which was tangent to the posterior tibial condyles, was traced and the angle between the two cylinders was measured as the tibial torsion angle (TTA). After rotating the syndesmotic cylinder parallel to the ground, the overlapping degree between the proximal fibula and tibia were assessed as a radiologic indicator. Results: Concerning tibial torsion, the TTA was an average of 36.7° (range, 17.2°–54.4°, SD 8.78) When the syndesmotic cylinder was rotated to be parallel to the ground, the proximal fibula had non- or linear overlap with the lateral border of the tibia, regardless of the joint morphology. In this nonoverlapping view, compared to the mortise view, the three criteria for normal fibular length could be better visualized. Conclusion: The syndesmotic cylinder in the proximal end of the incisura fibularis could be consistently placed parallel to the ground by internally rotating the tibia until there was a non- or linear overlap between the proximal fibula and the tibia, regardless of the joint morphology.
Smartphone Apps to Support Laypersons in Bystander CPR Are of Ambivalent Benefit: a Randomized Controlled Trial Using Medical Simulation
Authors: Metelmann Camilla , Metelmann Bibiana , Schuffert Louisa , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Brinkrolf Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Bystander initiated resuscitation is essential. To encourage medical laypersons to perform resuscitation smartphone apps providing real-time guidance were invented. Are these apps a beneficial addition to traditional resuscitation training?Methods: In a randomized controlled trial impact of app usage on quality of resuscitation in a standardised simulated cardiac arrest scenario was assessed. In a previous study the app “HELP Notfall” was selected for this purpose. Six weeks after a standardised resuscitation training pupils encountered a simulated cardiac arrest (i) without app (control group); (ii) with facultative app usage (facultative group); (iii) with mandatory app usage (mandatory group).Results: 200 pupils attended this study with 74 pupils (37%) in control group, 65 (32,5%) in facultative group and 61 (30,5%) in mandatory group. Participants using the app in mandatory group had a significantly higher percentage of chest compressions with the correct compression rate (65.4% vs. 43.8%; p<0.01) and with correct compression depth (47.6% vs. 24.4%; p=0.001) than pupils of the control group. Participants of the mandatory group had a significant delay compared with control group regarding time until check for breathing (23 sec. vs. 12 sec., p<0.001), call for help (35 sec. vs. 20 sec., p<0.001) and first compression (68 sec. vs. 29 sec., p<0.001). Hands-off-time during compression tended to be shorter in mandatory group (0.5 sec.) compared with control group (1.5 sec.), (p=0.36).Conclusions: Smartphone apps offering real-time guidance in resuscitation are of mixed benefits. An improved quality of chest compression is countered by a delayed start of chest compressions. Both aspects have to be considered before recommending smartphone apps to support laypersons in bystander resuscitation as an addition to traditional hands-on training.
Increased Peak Detection Accuracy in Over-dispersed ChiP-seq Data With Supervised Segmentation Models
Authors: Liehrmann Arnaud , Rigaill Guillem , Hocking Toby Dylan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Histone modification constitutes a basic mechanism for the genetic regulation of gene expression. In early 2000s, a powerful technique has emerged that couples chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). This technique provides a direct survey of the DNA regions associated to these modifications. In order to realize the full potential of this technique, increasingly sophisticated statistical algorithms have been developed or adapted to analyze the massive amount of data it generates. Many of these algorithms were built around natural assumptions such as the Poisson distribution to model the noise in the count data. In this work we start from these natural assumptions and show that it is possible to improve upon them. Results: Our comparisons on seven reference datasets of histone modifications (H3K36me3 & H3K4me3) suggest that natural assumptions are not always realistic under application conditions. We show that the unconstrained multiple changepoint detection model with alternative noise assumptions and supervised learning of the penalty parameter reduces the over-dispersion exhibited by count data. This model detects peaks more accurately than algorithms which rely on natural assumptions. Conclusion: The segmentation model we propose can benefit researchers in the field of epigenetics by providing new high-quality peak prediction tracks for H3K36me3 and H3k4me3 histone modifications.
Efficacy of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Failure with Interstitial Lung Disease; A Case Control Nationwide Dataset Study in Japan
Authors: Usagawa Yuko , Komiya Kosaku , Yamasue Mari , Fushimi Kiyohide , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Since it is uncertain whether acute respiratory failure in patients with interstitial lung disease is reversible, indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in these patients remain controversial, except for bridging to lung transplantation. The objective of this study was to clarify in-hospital mortality and prognostic factors in interstitial lung disease patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Study design and Methods: Case-control study. Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we reviewed hospitalized interstitial lung disease patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory failure from 2010 to 2017. As we focused on the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an intervention for managing merely acute respiratory failure, patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation were excluded.Results: A total of 164 interstitial lung disease patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were included, 122 of whom (74.4%) died during hospitalization. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were older and received high-dose cyclophosphamide, protease inhibitors, and antifungal drugs more frequently but macrolides and anti-influenza drugs less frequently. Multivariate analysis revealed the following factors were associated with in-hospital mortality: advanced age with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.048 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.015–1.082, non-use of macrolides (OR, 0.264; 95% CI, 0.118–0.589), and use of antifungal drugs (OR, 3.158; 95% CI, 1.377–7.242).Conclusions: Approximately three quarters of interstitial lung disease patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation died in hospital. Moreover, advanced age, non-use of macrolides, and use of antifungal drugs were found to correlate with a poor prognosis.