bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider preferences for delivery of HIV care coordination services: results from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Zimba Rebecca , Fong Chunki , Conte Madellena , Baim-Lance Abigail , Robertson McKaylee , Carmona Jennifer , Gambone Gina , Nash Denis , Irvine Mary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe PROMISE study was launched in 2018 to assess and document the implementation of changes to an existing HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP) designed to address persistent disparities in care and treatment engagement among persons with HIV in New York City. We evaluated provider endorsement of features of the CCP to identify opportunities for improvement.MethodsWe used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to measure provider endorsement of four CCP attributes, including: a) how CCP helps with medication adherence, b) how CCP helps with primary care appointments, c) how CCP helps with issues other than primary care, and d) where CCP visits take place (visit location). Each attribute had three to four levels. Our primary outcomes were relative importance and part-worth utilities, measures of preference for the levels of the four CCP program attributes.ResultsVisit location (28.6%) had the highest relative importance, followed by how staff help with ART adherence (24.3%), how staff help with issues other than primary care (24.2%), and how staff help with primary care appointments (22.9%). Within each of the above attributes, respectively, the levels with the highest part-worth utilities were home visits 60 minutes from the program or agency (19.9 utiles, 95% CI 10.7-29.0), directly observed therapy (26.1 utiles, 95% CI 19.1-33.1), help with non-HIV specialty medical care (26.5 utiles, 95% CI 21.5-31.6), and reminding clients about and accompanying them to primary care appointments (20.8 utiles, 95% CI 15.6-26.0).ConclusionsOngoing CCP refinements should account for how best to support and evaluate the intensive CCP components endorsed by providers in this study.
Analysis of Mechanistic Pathways in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Evidence from a Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Muthiah Mark D. , Ng Cheng Han , Xiao Jieling , Chin Yip Han , Lim Grace , Lim Wen Hui , Tay Phoebe , Hao Tan Darren Jun , Yong Jie Ning , Pan Xin-Hui , Heng Koh Jeffery Wei , Chew Nicholas , Syn Nicholas , Tan Eunice , Huang Daniel Q. , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Loomba Rohit , Sanyal Arun J. , Noureddin Mazen 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsNon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common cause of liver disease contributing to significant disease burden worldwide. However, there is lack of comparison of efficacy between different NASH drug classes. We conducted a network meta-analysis evaluating drug classes through comparing histological outcomes and targets of drugs.Approach & ResultsMedline, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched for articles evaluating NASH drugs in biopsy-proven NASH patients. Primary outcomes included NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis, 2-point reduction in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Activity Score (NAS) without worsening of fibrosis and 1-point reduction in fibrosis. Treatments were classified into inflammation, energy, bile acid, and fibrosis modulators. The analysis was conducted with Bayesian network model and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis.From the 48 trials included, treatments modulating energy (Risk ratio (RR): 1.84, Credible intervals (Crl): 1.29 - 2.65) were the most likely to achieve NASH resolution followed by treatments modulating fibrosis (RR 1.68, Crl: 0.55 - 5.28), bile acids (RR: 1.34, Crl: 0.78 - 2.26) and inflammation (RR: 0.94, Crl: 0.59 - 1.46). Energy and bile acids modulation were effective in 2-point NAS reduction without worsening of fibrosis (RR: 1.60, Crl 1.13 - 2.30 and RR: 1.79, Crl 1.14 - 2.86) and 1-point fibrosis (RR: 1.27, Crl:1.05 - 1.52 and RR: 1.54, Crl: 1.20 - 1.97).ConclusionsThis network analysis demonstrates the relative superiority of drugs modulating energy pathways and bile acids in NASH treatment. This guides the development and selection of drugs for combination therapies.
Trends in the conduct and reporting of clinical prediction model development and validation: a systematic review
Authors: Yang Cynthia , Kors Jan A. , Ioannou Solomon , John Luis H. , Markus Aniek F. , Rekkas Alexandros , de Ridder Maria A.J. , Seinen Tom M. , Williams Ross D. , Rijnbeek Peter R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis systematic review aims to provide further insights into the conduct and reporting of clinical prediction model development and validation over time. We focus on assessing the reporting of information necessary to enable external validation by other investigators.Materials and MethodsWe searched Embase, Medline, Web-of-Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar to identify studies that developed one or more multivariable prognostic prediction models using electronic health record (EHR) data published in the period 2009-2019.ResultsWe identified 422 studies that developed a total of 579 clinical prediction models using EHR data. We observed a steep increase over the years in the number of developed models. The percentage of models externally validated in the same paper remained at around 10%. Throughout 2009-2019, for both the target population and the outcome definitions, code lists were provided for less than 20% of the models. For about half of the models that were developed using regression analysis, the final model was not completely presented.DiscussionOverall, we observed limited improvement over time in the conduct and reporting of clinical prediction model development and validation. In particular, the prediction problem definition was often not clearly reported, and the final model was often not completely presented.ConclusionImprovement in the reporting of information necessary to enable external validation by other investigators is still urgently needed to increase clinical adoption of developed models.
Genetically predicted levels of the human plasma proteome and risk of stroke: a Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Peters James E. , Prins Bram , Persyn Elodie , Traylor Matthew , Surendran Praveen , Karthikeyan Savita , Yonova-Doing Ekaterina , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Roberts David J. , Watkins Nicholas A. , Ouwehand Willem H. , Danesh John , Lewis Cathryn M. , Bronson Paola G. , Markus Hugh S. , Burgess Stephen , Butterworth Adam S. , Howson Joanna M. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProteins are the effector molecules of biology and are the target of most drugs. To identify proteins and related pathways that may play a causal role in stroke pathogenesis, we used Mendelian randomisation (MR). We tested potential causal effects of 308 plasma proteins (measured in 4,994 blood donors from the INTERVAL study) on stroke outcomes (derived from the MEGASTROKE GWAS) in a two-sample MR framework and assessed whether these associations could be mediated by cardiovascular risk factors. We extended the analysis to identify whether pharmacological targeting of these proteins might have potential adverse side-effects or beneficial effects for other conditions through Phenome-wide MR (Phe-MR) in UK Biobank.MR showed an association between stroke and genetically predicted plasma levels of TFPI, IL6RA, MMP12, CD40, TMPRSS5 and CD6 (P≤1.62×10−4). We identified six risk factors (atrial fibrillation, body mass index, smoking, blood pressure, white matter hyperintensities and type 2 diabetes) that were associated with stroke (P≤0.0071) using MR. The association of TFPI, IL6RA and TMPRSS5 with stroke could be mediated by these risk factors, such as body mass index, white matter hyperintensity and atrial fibrillation. Thirty-six additional proteins were potentially causal for one or more of these risk factors. The Phe-MR suggested that targeting TFPI could have potential beneficial effects on other disorders of arteries and hyperlipidaemia in addition to stroke. Our results highlight novel causal pathways and potential therapeutic targets for stroke.
Unveiling Sex-based Differences in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis of Transcriptomic Studies
Authors: López-Cerdán Adolfo , Andreu Zoraida , Hidalgo Marta R. , Grillo-Risco Rubén , Català-Senent José Francisco , Soler-Sáez Irene , Neva-Alejo Almudena , Gordillo Fernando , de la Iglesia-Vayá María , García-García Francisco 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, increasing longevity (among other factors) has fostered a rise in Parkinson’s disease (PD) incidence. Although not exhaustively studied in this devastating disease, the impact of sex represents a critical variable in PD as epidemiological and clinical features differ between males and females. To study sex bias in PD, we conducted a systematic review, tissue-specific meta-analyses of transcriptomic data from the frontal cortex (FC), striatum tissue (ST), and substantia nigra (SN), and a global meta-analysis of all 3 brain regions. We selected 7 PD studies that included sex information, analyzing 267 samples. The tissue-specific meta-analyses linked PD to the enhanced expression ofMED31in the female FC and the dysregulation of 237 genes in the SN. The global meta-analysis detected 15 genes with sex-differential patterns in PD, which participate in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neuronal degeneration, and cell death. Furthermore, functional analyses identified pathways, protein-protein interaction networks, and transcription factors that differed by sex. While male PD patients exhibited changes in oxidative stress based on metal ions, inflammation, and angiogenesis, female PD patients exhibited dysfunctions in mitochondrial and lysosomal activity, antigen processing and presentation functions, and glutamic and purine metabolism. Overall, we believe that our findings will provide new insight into the perspective of sex in PD, thereby underscoring the importance of including sex information in future PD studies.
Tsetse RNA Virome: Novel Iflavirus Genomes inGlossina morsitansand Other Tsetse Species
Authors: Manni M , Zdobnov EM 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTsetse flies (Glossinaspp.) are vectors of Human and Animal African trypanosomiasis. The tsetse microbiome has been extensively studied in the context of bacterial endosymbiont-host interactions, however, remarkably little is known about the tsetse virome with only one well-characterized DNA virus, the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV). Here we report the genomes of four iflaviruses identified in tsetse flies and their distribution in public RNA-seq libraries, mainly from laboratory colonies. Strikingly, the iflavirus identified inG. morsitans, provisionally named Glossina iflavirus 1 (GliflaV1), is present in all 136 RNA-seq libraries ofG. morsitansmaintained at different institutions, and displays a broad tissue tropism and high abundance, reaching up to 15% of library content. Its ubiquitous distribution and presence in the reproductive tissues, intrauterine larvae, and teneral flies suggest it is part of the initial core microbiota maternally transmitted to the progeny. None of theG. morsitanssamples harbor iflaviruses identified in the other three, more closely related, tsetse species which, conversely, do not harbor the iflavirus fromG. morsitans. Though apparently asymptomatic, these infections may influence tsetse host fitness, developmental or biological processes which might be relevant in the context of tsetse population control strategies, mass rearing, and paratransgenesis, and open up new opportunities to study the quadripartite system of interactions among the invertebrate host, the parasitic protozoan, and both viral and bacterial symbionts.
Jaboticaba peel extract as an antimicrobial agent: screening and stability analysis
Authors: Fleck Nataís , Sant’Anna Voltaire , Oliveira Wemerson de Castro , Brandelli Adriano , Fonseca Veras Flávio 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract from jaboticaba skin against important foodborne bacteria and fungi and its stability.Design/methodology/approachJaboticaba skin aqueous extract (at ratio of 10 g L-1) was tested againstListeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereusandEscherichia coli. Stability of the anti-staphylococcal activity, total phenolics, monomeric anthocyanins, tannins, phenolic acid content were measured and statistically correlated.FindingsThe residue extract inhibited L.monocytogenes, S.aureus, B.cereus and E.coli growth but was not effective against fungi and was stable to the thermal treatments, remaining with its inhibitory activity against S.aureus. When stored for 14 days at 25 °C with an incidence of light, there was a reduction in the antibacterial activity and in the phenolic compounds. The change in pH slightly changed polyphenolic content profile, and the exposure to papain and bromelain did not affect the antimicrobial activity. Results showed strong correlation between anti-staphylococcal activity, the presence of polyphenols and anthocyanins, meanwhile moderate correlation with phenolic acids content in the extract.Originality/valueBiopreservatives are a great trend in food microbiology. The present work shows deeper information about the utilization of jaboticaba skin as antimicrobial agent and its stability, which is not found in the current literature.
Revisiting the interconnection between governance mechanisms and firm performance: evidence from Vietnamese listed firms
Authors: Tran Cong Duc , Nguyen Tin Trung , Wang Jo-Yu 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Corporate governance plays a critical role in solving agency problems. However, previous findings on how governance mechanisms lead to high firm performance are inconclusive. Additionally, this relationship has not been well addressed in the context of transitional countries where governance systems and mechanisms are weak, leaving a gap for research. Hence, this study aims to shed light on the effects of four key governance components, namely, ownership concentration, chief executive officer duality, board size and gender diversity, on firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study reports on the econometric panel data analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 1,424 firm-year observations from listed companies in Vietnam covering the period of 2010–2017.

Findings
The econometric panel data analysis confirmed the net effects of single solitary governance components. FsQCA revealed equifinal configurations of components that explain high firm market- and accounting-based performance.

Practical implications
These findings are relevant for firms in transitional and emerging markets, aiming to adopt the most suitable internal mechanisms to pursue their performance objectives and for regulators interested in enhancing the advantages of the capital market.

Originality/value
This study provides empirical evidence that firm performance can be improved when the appropriate corporate governance mechanisms are selected. As there are equifinal paths leading to the desired outcome of high performance, firms from different industrial and national contexts should mindfully apply any uniform corporate governance code.
Policies, instrumentalities, compliance and control: combatting money laundering in Bangladesh
Authors: Zafarullah Habib , Haque Halima 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Money laundering (ML) has become a global threat in recent years, impacting both developed and poor countries. Developing an efficient anti-money laundering (AML) regime is a difficult and time-consuming process owing to the ever-changing spectrum of methods used, weaknesses in control mechanisms, intricacies of laws and regulations, organizational malfunction and goal displacement. In Bangladesh, surge of illegal money, rising money heists and egregious capital outflows have posed a governance problem. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dimensions of ML and examine the structure and performance of the AML regime.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a qualitative method, based on a thorough review of the conceptual and empirical literature on ML, content analysis of a range of publications, a scan of newspaper articles and digital resources and responses/comments of current and retired government employees in Bangladesh. The evaluation is informed by the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force and supported by the mutual evaluation reports of the AGroup on Money Laundering.

Findings
Bangladesh, like most of South Asia, is highly vulnerable to ML and is hard-pressed to fully comply with global standards for control. Weak institutions, bureaucratic pathology, lack of transparency and accountability, high levels of corruption, an ambiguous regulatory environment, unregulated financial operations, a disordered banking sector, conflicting interests, criminal exploitation, poor oversight and reporting, flawed risk assessment and weak government performance have affected the performance of the AML system.

Originality/value
This paper looks at the problem of ML from a holistic perspective covering different dimensions such as black money whitening, illegal funds movements, informal money transfer systems, use of offshore refuge for hiding money and so on and the state’s responses to the syndrome. The evaluation will be of particular relevance to policymakers, anti-corruption and law enforcement agencies, the financial intelligence operators and public prosecutors dealing with criminal justice.
Microbial survival and growth on non‐corrodible conductive materials
Authors: Bird Lina J. , Tender Leonard M. , Eddie Brian , Oh Eunkeu , Phillips Daniel A. , Glaven Sarah M. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBiofilms growing aerobically on conductive substrates are often correlated with a positive, sustained shift in their redox potential. This phenomenon has a beneficial impact on microbial fuel cells by increasing their overall power output but can be detrimental when occurring on stainless steel by enhancing corrosion. The biological mechanism behind this potential shift is unresolved and a metabolic benefit to cells has not been demonstrated. Here, biofilms containing the electroautotroph ‘Candidatus Tenderia electrophaga’ catalysed a shift in the open circuit potential of graphite and indium tin oxide electrodes by >100 mV. Biofilms on open circuit electrodes had increased biomass and a significantly higher proportion of ‘Ca. Tenderia electrophaga’ compared to those on plain glass. Addition of metabolic inhibitors showed that living cells were required to maintain the more positive potential. We propose a model to describe these observations, in which ‘Ca. Tenderia electrophaga’ drives the shift in open circuit potential through electron uptake for oxygen reduction and CO2 fixation. We further propose that the electrode is continuously recharged by oxidation of trace redox‐active molecules in the medium at the more positive potential. A similar phenomenon is possible on natural conductive substrates in the environment.
Public attitudes to a wealth tax: the importance of ‘capacity to pay’
Authors: Rowlingson Karen , Sood Amrita , Tu Trinh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present findings from the first ever study, to our knowledge, to focus in detail on public attitudes to an annual wealth tax. We start with a brief review of relevant recent studies before outlining the mixed methods used, which involved a nationally representative survey of 2,243 members of the general public and four focus groups conducted during the summer of 2020. The study aimed to measure, explore and explain the overall levels of support for a wealth tax compared with other taxes, the arguments for and against a wealth tax, and opinions on the particular design of such a tax. Key findings include high levels of public support for a wealth tax compared with other taxes, and support for the base of the tax to include financial investments and property wealth (after excluding the main home). The most popular rate/threshold combination is for the tax to be levied at a rate of at least 1 per cent over £500,000. Support for the tax appears to be driven by a combination of rational self‐interest and beliefs about fairness but, in particular, the public are keen for the tax to be focused on those with capacity to contribute the most.
Behavioural responses to a wealth tax
Authors: Advani Arun , Tarrant Hannah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we review the existing empirical evidence on how individuals respond to the incentives created by a net wealth tax. Variation in the overall magnitude of behavioural responses is substantial: estimates of the elasticity of taxable wealth vary by a factor of 800. We explore three key reasons for this variation: tax design, context and methodology. We then discuss what is known about the importance of individual margins of response and how these interact with policy choices. Finally, we use our analysis to systematically narrow down and reconcile the range of elasticity estimates. We argue that a well‐designed wealth tax would reduce the tax base by 7–17 per cent if levied at a tax rate of 1 per cent.
Who should pay a wealth tax? Some design issues
Authors: Chamberlain Emma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAny wealth tax design needs to resolve the question of who should pay it it How wide should the net be cast? Setting high or low exempt thresholds affects avoidance behaviour and may influence whether one should tax by reference to the household (and if so how that should be defined) or simply on each individual who owns wealth over a certain threshold. Typically, wealth taxes in other countries have not been imposed on non‐residents except in relation to real property but questions remain over whether any exempt period should be given to new arrivals, not least for administrative convenience. A one‐off wealth tax would require a different design in a number of respects from an annual wealth tax. For example, a one off tax t would need to be designed to catch those who have recently left the UK and contain modifications for recent arrivals. Trusts, foundations and similar vehicles pose particular problems in the design of a wealth tax and the author suggests some possible solutions and connecting factors that could be considered.
Ways of taxing wealth: alternatives and interactions
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the role of a wealth tax in the context of the UK's existing taxes on wealth. First, I discuss several ways in which the UK could be said to tax wealth already, and I set out two possible directions for reforming these taxes, highlighting policies that are merited under either approach. Second, I consider whether and under what circumstances a broad‐based tax on the ownership of wealth – a ‘wealth tax’ – could be justified instead of or in addition to these reforms. Third, I address how a wealth tax should interact with other taxes, focusing on concerns regarding ‘double taxation’ and (conversely) proposals for an alternative minimum tax based on wealth. I conclude that there is a large degree of consensus amongst existing proposals to reform our current taxes on wealth, and that most of these reforms would be required whether or not a wealth tax is introduced as well.