bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
St Benedict's Rule as the Antidote to Regulatory InflationThe Way of St Benedict, RowanWilliams, Bloomsbury, 2020 (ISBN 978‐1‐4729‐7307‐8), 160 pp., pb £8.99
Authors: Gioia Luigi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is much to learn from what Rowan Williams calls the ‘undramatic and transformative wisdom’ of the Rule of St Benedict. Expanding on Williams' penetrating reading of the Rule, this article analyzes aspects of Benedictine spirituality that might be useful in contemporary political and social debates, especially around issues of race and affirmative action. From the viewpoint of Benedictine spirituality, true empowerment comes from affirmation and recognition based not just on external regulations but also on inner and personal validation. Unconscious biases can be effectively tackled not only through external censure but especially through the demanding discipline of self‐knowledge. The promotion of both inner validation and self‐knowledge requires an environment of trust. The main challenge for healthy communities is creating the conditions for converting self‐defensiveness and suspicion into trust.
The blood protein hCAP‐18 in neutropenia: An 18‐month experience of a new ELISA for clinical use
Authors: Mörtberg Anette , Pütsep Katrin , Höglund Petter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeutropenia as an isolated clinical finding may include aetiologies ranging from severe disease to a transient condition, and differential diagnosis may be challenging. Previous data and clinical experience suggest that low levels of the neutrophil‐derived protein human 18 kDa cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP‐18) in the blood are predictive of more severe forms of neutropenia. The objective of this study was to present the results from a newly developed ELISA method that has been used in clinical routine in Sweden since 2018 for quantification of hCAP‐18 in blood plasma. Using this method, we report that patients with severe disease analysed during the study period presented with low or undetectable levels of blood plasma hCAP‐18, validating its use as screening tool for severe neutropenia. Furthermore, neutropenic patients as a group displayed lower levels of hCAP‐18 as compared to blood donors. Within the group of neutropenic patients, those with neutrophil antibodies displayed significantly higher hCAP‐18 levels compared to patients with idiopathic neutropenia. By including an analysis of hCAP‐18 in the primary investigation of neutropenia, an increased accuracy in differential diagnosis is achieved, thus contributing to reduced costs of neutropenia management.
Learning and satisfaction in a student‐led clinic
Authors: Niwa Laura , MacLellan Crystal L. 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYBackgroundStudent‐led clinics (SLCs) offer unique clinical placement experiences and address unmet community rehabilitation needs. There is growing evidence that SLCs provide high‐quality experiential practice and adequate quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction with student‐led care and students’ perception of their learning experiences in a student‐led physiotherapy clinic.MethodsEight participants with total hip arthroplasty attended 6 weeks of student‐led group exercise classes. As a marker of quality of care, we assessed key outcomes including walking speed and endurance, lower extremity function, falls risk and self‐reported quality of life after 3 and 6 weeks. Patients completed a satisfaction survey at the end of the program. Ten students who completed a placement during this time shared their perception of learning in the SLC.ResultsStudent‐led group exercise class was associated with improvements in walking speed and endurance, lower extremity function, a decrease in falls risk and improved quality of life. Patients were satisfied with their care. The SLC was a safe learning environment in which students felt well‐supported to develop confidence and independence, were encouraged to reflect on performance and take responsibility for care provided.ConclusionPatients are largely satisfied with the quality of care provided. High‐quality authentic clinical learning opportunities provided in the SLC may offer pedagogical benefits over traditional practicums, and students are generally satisfied with their learning experiences. SLCs may provide a setting to expose students to research and gain appreciation for evidence‐based practice.
Cryptic genetic lineages of a colonial ascidian host distinct microbiomes
Authors: Evans James S. , Erwin Patrick M. , Sihaloho Hendra F. , López‐Legentil Susanna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColour variation in marine invertebrates is typically attributed to intraspecific variability; however, the use of molecular tools to investigate its genetic basis has uncovered many instances of cryptic speciation. The colonial ascidian Distaplia bermudensis occurs in a wide array of colour morphs, ranging from all white to a dark blue tunic with yellow siphon apertures; yet careful observations of zooid and larval morphologies have not revealed any consistent difference among these colour morphs. In this study, we sampled the 5 main colour morph groupings of D. bermudensis from Wilmington, North Carolina (USA) and sequenced fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 18S rRNA genes. Analyses of both genes revealed the presence of two distinct genetic lineages that corresponded to unique colour morphology groupings. We further characterized symbiotic microbial communities for four samples from each lineage by high‐throughput sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes. Each genetic lineage also harboured unique symbiont communities that differed significantly in diversity and structure. Thus, the two genetic lineages detected herein corresponded to unique colour morphs and microbial communities, indicating that two distinct species coexist under the same scientific name. Further, our study reports the utility of symbiont profiling in resolving the taxonomic status of phenotypically variable ascidian species.
An Object-Oriented Design Model Incorporating Uncertainty for Early Risk Assessment
Authors: Crossland Rose , Sims Williams Jon H. , McMahon Chris A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the early stages of a design project it is necessary to evaluate the design to determine its feasibility and where to concentrate further work. Thus the design knowledge of the collaborating designers must be made available whilst it is still both incomplete and uncertain, at a time when many design decisions have not yet been taken and many parallel designs may be under consideration.
A toolset is being developed which will allow a team of designers to build a shared object-oriented model of a design that is able to evolve both in level of detail and in level of certainty as the design progresses, thus providing a smooth transition from conceptual design to the later, embodiment design phase. The model is able to represent uncertain relationships between objects thus permitting modelling of alternative (parallel) design paths, as well as uncertain attribute values.
Effect of Brownian Diffusion and Particle Size on Thermophoretic Flow
Authors: Jayaraj S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work attempts to analyse the aerosol particle deposit on in laminar flow over a flat plate with hot gas flowing over it. Solution is obtined by a finite difference marching procedure with grid adaptation. Prediciton were made about aerosol particle deposition due to Brownian diffusion and also due to the phenomenon of thermophoresis. The regions of importance of the two different mechanisims are approximately predicted by analysis the results for different particle sizes. The results are validated by comparision with similarity solution. It is observed that thermophoresis is the predominant deposition mechanism for Schmidt numbers ranging from 100 to 106, whereas for Schmidt numbers ranging from 100 to 103 Brownian diffusion has a strong effect on the deposition rate.
Sharper Labyrinth Seal Edges to Allow Greater Clearance Without Increased Leakage
Authors: Rhode David L. , Guidry M. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A numerical study was undertaken to examine the effects of utilizing sharper edges for increasing the leakage resistance of advanced labyrinth seal configurations. Such an increase allows the designer to enlarge the extremely small knife clearance, providing a seal with less damage susceptibility at the same leakage rate. The maximum possible leakage resistance increase from changing three cavity edges to perfectly sharp ones was estimated from the present computations. In addition, previous measurements of the edge sharpness effect on the leakage through orifices are appropriately utilized to obtain a rough estimate of the resistance increase for generic seals. The latter allows consideration of a broader range of application. Further, turbulence energy generation contours reveal that only one particular cavity edge needs to be sharpened in order to obtain a significantly increased leakage resistance.
Real-Time Data Acquisition and Controls Using Matlab
Authors: Gorman Kevin J. , Rahnamai Kourosh J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Matlab is a powerful mathematical package that has numerous functions for engineering applications, such as signal processing. Simulink is an add-on package for Matlab that gives a graphical user interface for creating and simulating block diagrams. Matlab has another add-on package, the Real-Time Workshop, which is an interface between the data acquisition adapters and Simulink. This package adds real-time data acquisition, which allows data to be acquired and analyzed. The system design is done in a graphical interface using block models. A servo system was designed and modeled using the Real-time Workshop. Matlab is a powerful tool that can be used for real-time data acquisition and control systems.
Microcomputer Tools to Support Student Design Projects
Authors: Kitto Kathleen L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Microcomputer tools have been used in the Manufacturing and Plastics Engineering Technology programs at Western Washington University to support freshman through senior level design projects for the past three years. An additional sophomore level course, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools, has also been developed and added to the curriculum in the programs as a required course. These microcomputer tools range from solids modeling packages, first introduced in the freshman year, to finite element analysis and injection MoldFlow analysis, in the senior year. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) packages are introduced in the sophomore year and are emphasized in the junior year. Since microcomputer tools have changed the way engineers and technologists perform their jobs, current engineering and engineering technology curricula must also evolve so that the students are prepared to face a very competitive world market place. This paper describes the applications of microcomputer tools that have been integrated into the curriculum at Western Washington University and also the application of those tools to support engineering design projects. Concurrent engineering is emphasized in these design projects in the engineering technology and industry design programs.
Integration of Feature Based Design and Feature Recognition
Authors: Han JungHyun , Requicha Aristides A. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Process planning for machined parts typically requires that a part be described through machining features such as holes, slots and pockets. This paper presents a novel feature finder, which automatically generates a part interpretation in terms of machining features, by utilizing information from a variety of sources such as nominal geometry, tolerances and attributes, and design features. The feature finder strives to produce a desirable interpretation of the part as quickly as possible. If this interpretation is judged unacceptable by a process planner, alternatives can be generated on demand. The feature finder uses a hint-based approach, and combines artificial intelligence techniques, such as blackboard architecture and uncertain reasoning, with the geometric completion procedures first introduced in the OOFF system previously developed at USC.
Estimation of Setup Time for Machined Parts: Accounting for Work-Holding Constraints Using a Vise
Authors: Das Diganta , Gupta Satyandra K. , Nau Dana S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For machined parts, setup time is a major component of the total time required to manufacture a machined part from a stock. If the number of setups and hence setup time can be reduced, this will not only decrease the manufacturing time, but will also ensure better machining accuracy, require fewer work-holding devices and increase machine usage time.
To achieve any improvement in setup time, first we need to estimate the setup time accurately. In this paper we propose a methodology to estimate the setup time for machining prismatic parts in a three axis vertical machining center. We concurrently consider three major factors for estimating the number of setups, namely — the precedence constraints among machining operations, the feasibility of work holding using vise clamping, and the availability of datum faces for locating the workpiece on the machine table during machining on a 3 axis vertical machining center.
Current Trends and Future Challenges in Automated Manufacturability Analysis
Authors: Gupta Satyandra K. , Das Diganta , Regli William C. , Nau Dana S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the marketplace of the 21st century, there is no place for traditional over-the-wall communication between design and manufacturing. In order to “design it right the first time,” designers must ensure that their products are both functional and easy to manufacture. Software tools have had some successes in reducing the barriers between design and manufacturing. Manufacturability analysis systems are emerging as one such tool — enabling identification of potential manufacturing problems during the design phase and providing suggestions to designers on how to eliminate them.
In this paper, we survey current state of the art in automated manufacturability analysis. We describe the existing approaches to automated manufacturability analysis and overview representative systems based on their application domain. Finally, we attempt to expose some of the existing research challenges and future directions.
Automatic Recognition of Geometric Forms From B-Rep Models
Authors: Lee Nien-Lung , Menq Chia-Hsiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop a neutral basis that bridges the gap between the geometric data of a design work and the higher-level geometric abstraction that supports complex reasoning incurred in feature-based systems. In order to accomplish this goal, a new approach is proposed to characterize surface differential geometry and object topology so as to develop a neutral basis that can be applied to different types of geometric data and the resulting higher-level geometric abstraction can support various life-cycle design activities. In this approach, two attributes are proposed to characterize the geometric entities including surfaces, edges, and vertices by applying the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the concept of homeomorphisms. By associating the entities with the proposed attributes and applying the adjacent relationship information among geometric entities, three basic feature categories including positive features, negative features, and transition features are first identified. The proposed approach is not limited to prismatic parts. Part models consisting of fillets, rounds, cylindrical surfaces, spherical surfaces, torus, and sculpture surfaces can all be recognized. Several issues in feature interactions are addressed and examples are given to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Statistical Analysis and Optimal Allocation of Geometric Tolerances
Authors: Nassef Ashraf O. , ElMaraghy Hoda A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a procedure for the statistical analysis and optimization of geometric tolerances. The proposed procedure assumes that a manufactured surface is represented by a set of points, which are assumed to be random variables having a multinormal distribution. Sets of surface points are generated from the multinormal distribution, and the minimum deviation zone for the geometric deviations in each set is compared with the specified tolerances. A parametric surface is interpolated to the generated points representing the manufactured surface. Genetic algorithms and a Monte Carlo simulation routine which incorporates variance reduction techniques are used to evaluate the geometric deviations of the machined surface. A second routine, based on genetic algorithms, is used to allocate the tolerance values which keeps the part’s probability of rejection within a desired value. An example for simulating a cylindrical feature is presented and the results obtained from the algorithms using the proposed variance reduction techniques are compared with those obtained using simple Monte Carlo simulation. In addition the specified tolerance values are reallocated to achieve a desired probability of rejection.
Service Modes and Effects Analysis: Integration of Failure Analysis and Serviceability Design
Authors: Di Marco Patrick , Eubanks Charles F. , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the integration of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) into a computer-aided tool for Serviceability Design. FMEA is an important yet often neglected design practice that is critical in ensuring the product’s ownership quality. A computer aid that integrates FMEA into other life-cycle design evaluation tool should encourage engineers to use this important methodology more readily. The proposed method, service modes and effects analysis (SMEA) combines the functional block diagram (FBD) and structural graph (LINKER) as design inputs. The user defines functional discrepancies or component failures as service mode inputs, and the tool computes the failure criticality for each mode and life-cycle service costs. The key technology lies in representing the relationship between functions and structure and maintaining the consistency between function and component-based service modes. SMEA builds on our prototype life-cycle design analysis tool, LASeR, which evaluates not only the life-cycle ownership quality but also assemblability and recyclability.
An Integrated Process for Gearbox Design
Authors: Mehdi K. , Play D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The design process of a mechanical product gathers generally different activities (conceptual study, mechanical analysis, drawing, documentation, manufacture and assembly). Many design systems based on traditional programming methods have been developed to assist the user to one or several of these activities. These programs suffer generally from the previously defined sequences, the inefficiency of the heuristic knowledge representation and the inaptitude of manipulation of symbolic informations. Thus, the success of such new design systems necessitates the combination of several types of knowledge (heuristic, symbolic, numeric, etc.). These knowledge are generally complementary and can come from different sources of knowledge. The state of the art is characterized therefore by the coupling or the integration of these sources of knowledge and to put them in a stand alone design system. This system also has to be opened to the integration and the acceptance of other sources of knowledge that will be able to be integrated later. This paper has for objective to show from a practical point of view the feasibility of a such integrated system with the example of an industrial gearbox design. This mechanical example is sufficiently complicated to be significant and to put in light the encountered advantages and difficulties. Results will be presented and the design methodology will be specifically discussed.
Knowledge-Based Mechanical Spring Design System
Authors: Tai K. K. , Lin Yuyi , Wang L. X. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Expert systems are best known for qualitative or heuristic reasoning capability. However, the design of high performance and critical mechanical components, such as automotive valve springs, requires that precise and quantitative issues be resolved. This paper discusses the extended use of an expert system shell for mechanical spring design automation. An expert system shell is utilized as a user friendly front end and a binding agent among system components. Building blocks of the complete system include a product information data base which is provided by commercial manufacturers, a dynamic modeling and simulation module which includes typical-applications models, an optimization module which uses simulated annealing algorithms, and a design specification generation module which produces production drawings and a design report. The basic methodology discussed in this paper can be applied to the design automation of other mechanical components.
The Significance of Specifications in the Product Development Processes
Authors: Ahrens Gritt , Tegel Oliver 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An approach to support the appropriate definition, formulation and presentation of requirements obeying the needs of the employees is being presented. Classifiying the needs for information of the employees according to some characteristics, a guideline for how to promote the information needed by them can be developed. The goal is to ensure that everyone involved in the process — even the subcontractor — has the right information available in the right form at the right time. Defining requirements lists, splitting them into partial requirements lists for each area of the company, each process phase or each team, and then formulating these requirements and presenting them in an adequate way is the proceeding strived for. The result will be implemented into an information infrastructure to support the product development process continuously.
Production and Classification-Based Active Structural Design Databases
Authors: Xirouchakis Paul C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider the beam section design problem domain and its representation using the LOOM knowledge representation and reasoning database system. We use LOOM’s concept classification capabilities to built a taxonomy of terms describing the beam section design process. This allows LOOM to automatically classify concepts and instances of objects in the proper location in the taxonomy of terms. This classification-based reasoning is what distinguishes LOOM from other knowledge or object-oriented database systems. We also use LOOM’s two behavioral programming features: object-oriented and rule-based in our beam problem domain. This way we define the beam concepts of flat bar, exactly one flange, exactly two flanges and box type. We also define three versions of a section area calculation method that fires depending on the type of the beam section. Finally, we define a production that fires when the type of an object changes to tank boundary. As a result the applicable beam design pressure is changed accordingly.