bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multidimensional Investigation of Sensory Processing in Autism: Parent- and Self-Report Questionnaires, Psychophysical Thresholds, and Event-Related Potentials in the Auditory and Somatosensory Modalities
Authors: Dwyer Patrick , Takarae Yukari , Zadeh Iman , Rivera Susan M , Saron Clifford D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundReconciling results obtained using different types of sensory measures is a challenge for autism sensory research. The present study used questionnaire, psychophysical, and neurophysiological measures to characterize autistic sensory processing in different measurement modalities.MethodsParticipants were 46 autistic and 21 typically-developing adolescents. Participants and their caregivers completed questionnaires regarding sensory experiences and behaviours. Auditory and somatosensory ERPs were recorded as part of a multisensory ERP task. Auditory, tactile static detection, and tactile spatial resolution psychophysical thresholds were measured.ResultsSensory questionnaires strongly differentiated between autistic and typically-developing individuals, while little evidence of group differences was observed in psychophysical thresholds. Crucially, the different types of measures (neurophysiological, psychophysical, questionnaire) appeared to be largely independent of one another. However, we unexpectedly found autistic participants with larger auditory Tb ERP amplitudes had reduced hearing acuity, even though all participants had hearing acuity in the non-clinical range.LimitationsThe autistic and typically-developing groups were not well-matched, although this limitation does not affect our main analyses regarding convergence of measures within ASD. The autistic sample in the present study is not representative of the whole autistic constellation, limiting generalizability. Auditory ERPs and auditory thresholds were measured with non-equivalent stimuli.ConclusionsOverall, based on these results, measures in different sensory modalities appear to capture distinct aspects of sensory processing in autism, with relatively limited convergence between questionnaires and laboratory-based tasks. Generally, this might reflect the reality that laboratory tasks are often carried out in controlled environments without background stimuli to compete for attention, a context which may not closely resemble the busier and more complex environments in which autistic people’s atypical sensory experiences commonly occur. For this reason, sensory questionnaires may be more practically useful assessments of autistic people’s real-world sensory challenges. Further research is needed to replicate and investigate the drivers of the unexpected association we observed between auditory Tb ERP amplitudes and hearing acuity, which could represent an important confound for ERP researchers to consider in their studies.
High-Dose Immunoglobulin G Suppresses Local Inflammatory Reaction and Facilitates Functional Recovery Following Olfactory System Injury
Authors: Kobayashi Masayoshi , Nishida Kohei , Ishigami Eisuke , Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHead trauma can be a cause of refractory olfactory dysfunction due to olfactory nervous system injury. Anti-inflammatory treatment using steroids or anti-cytokine agents is known to contribute to functional recovery of the central and peripheral nervous systems in injury models, while there is a concern that they can induce adverse reactions. The present study examines if high-dose immunoglobulin G (IgG) can facilitate olfactory functional recovery following injury. MethodsOlfactory nerve transection (NTx) was performed in OMP-tau-lacZ mice to establish injury models. High-dose IgG was intraperitoneally injected immediately after the NTx and histological assessment of recovery within the olfactory bulb was performed at 5, 14, 42 and 100 days after the drug injection. X-gal staining labeled degenerating and regenerating olfactory nerve fibers and immunohistochemical staining detected the presence of reactive astrocytes and macrophages/microglia. Olfactory function was assessed using an olfactory avoidance behavioral test.ResultsHigh-dose IgG-injected mice showed significantly smaller areas of injury-associated tissue, fewer astrocytes and macrophages/microglia, and an increase in regenerating nerve fibers. An olfactory avoidance behavioral test showed improved functional recovery in the IgG-injected mice. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that high-dose IgG could provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction following head injuries.
Pilot Implementation of the Competence of Czech Paramedics to Administer Sufentanil for the Treatment of Pain in Acute Trauma Without Consulting a Physician: Observational Study
Authors: RENZA Metoděj , SYKORA Roman , PERAN David , HRICOVA Kristina , BRIZGALOVA Nikola , BAKUROVA Petra , KUKACKA Miloš 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe use of intravenous opioids in the traumatic pain in pre-hospital care in the Czech Republic is based primarily on the indication of a physician. If the paramedic crew arrives at the site earlier or only on their own, analgesia is given after phone-call consultation with the physician or after his arrival at the site. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the indication and administration of sufentanil by paramedics in the treatment of pain in acute trauma adult patients without the physician’s control. MethodsParamedics underwent voluntarily the simulation training aimed at administering intravenously sufentanil to treat pain in acute trauma in adults without physician’s indication. Subsequently, the adverse events and efficacy were monitored for a six-month period and compared in two groups: administration of sufentanil by paramedics without this competence, who further consulted the administration by telephone with physicians (group Consultation) and those with this competence (group Competence).ResultsA total number of sufentanil administration in group Consultation was 88 and in group Competence 70. There was no respiratory arrest, bradypnea, or need for oxygen therapy reported in any of the study groups. The incidence of nausea was the same 3% in Consultation; (n = 3) and in Competence (n = 2). Vomiting was not reported in the Consultation group and in 6% in the Competence group (n = 4). Intravenous antiemetic drugs were used in the Consultation group only in 1% (n = 1) and in the Competence group in 7% of patients (n = 5) (p < 0,05). In both groups there was observed a decrease in the numeric rating scale (Consultation: M = - 3,2; SD = 1,2 points vs. Competence: M = - 3,9; SD = 1,8 points). ConclusionIntravenous administration of sufentanil by properly trained paramedics without consultation with a physician in acute trauma can be considered safe.
Intrinsically disordered sequences in the Polycomb protein Polyhomeotic regulate condensate formation
Authors: Kapur Ibani , Boulier Elodie , Francis Nicole 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) complex PRC1 localizes in the nucleus in the form of condensed structures called Polycomb bodies. The PRC1 subunit Polyhomeotic (Ph) contains a polymerizing sterile alpha motif (SAM) that is implicated in both PcG body formation and chromatin organization in Drosophila and mammalian cells. A truncated version of Ph containing the SAM (mini-Ph), forms phase separated condensates with DNA or chromatin in vitro, suggesting PcG bodies may form by phase separation. In cells, Ph forms multiple condensates, while mini-Ph forms a single large nuclear condensate. We therefore hypothesize that sequences outside of mini-Ph are required for proper condensate formation. We identified three distinct Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs) in Ph based on sequence composition and complexity. We tested the role of each IDR in Ph condensates using live imaging of transfected Drosophila S2 cells. We find that each IDR uniquely affects Ph SAM-dependent condensate size, number, and morphology.
Active immunization by COVID-19 mRNA vaccine results in rapid antibody response and virus reduction in breakthrough infection by Delta (B.1.617.2)
Authors: Hirotsu Yosuke , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Kakizaki Yumiko , Miyashita Yoshihiro , Iwase Fumiaki , Maejima Makoto , Sugiura Hiroki , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Omata Masao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vaccination is expected to suppress COVID-19 infection. However, breakthrough infections have increased following vaccination because of the spread of variants of concern, notably Delta (B.1.617.2 lineage). Virological and serological data pertaining to post-vaccination infections are limited. Here, we conducted genome analysis determined the viral lineages that infected patients following vaccination. Changes in viral load, antibody levels, and viral antigen levels following infection were analyzed. At the time of infection, Delta-infected patients had a 6.2-fold and 12.3-fold higher viral load compared with Alpha and other lineages, respectively. Viral lineages (Delta:Alpha:Other) of infection were 0:12:0 in the fully vaccinated group, 1:11:0 in the partially vaccinated group, 9:16:0 in the shortly after vaccination group, and 254:229:165 in the unvaccinated group. Breakthrough infections occurred regardless of retention of high antibody titers following vaccination. At the time of diagnosis, Delta-infected patients showed high viral load with or without vaccination. However, no fully vaccinated patients developed severe disease, and the rapid increase in anti-spike antibodies occurred approximately 1 week after onset of symptoms. Concomitantly, a decrease in viral antigen levels was observed in fully vaccinated patients, shortening the time to negative result by approximately 2 days compared with unvaccinated patients.
Collectively, even if breakthrough infection occurs, the rapid antibody response in fully vaccinated individuals contributes to prevention of severe disease, possibly because of suppression of viral replication.
Tensor Decomposition of Largest Convolutional Eigenvalues Reveals Pathological Predictive Power of RhoB in Rectal Cancer Biopsy
Authors: Pham Tuan , Ravi Vinayakumar , Liu Na , Luo Bin , Fan Chuan-Wen , Sun Xiao-Feng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
RhoB protein belongs to the Rho GTPase family, which plays an important role in governing cell signaling and tissue morphology. RhoB expression is known to have implications in pathological processes of diseases. Investigation in the regulation and communication of this protein detected by immunohistochemical staining on the microscope is worth exploring to gain insightful information that may lead to identifying optimal disease treatment options. In particular, the role of RhoB in rectal cancer is not well-discovered. Here, we report that methods of deep learning-based image analysis and the decomposition of multiway arrays discover the predictive factor of RhoB in two cohorts of rectal-cancer patients having survival rates of less and more than 5 years. The analysis results show distinctions between the tensor-decomposition factors of the two cohorts.
Morphological Changes of The Root Apex In Anterior Teeth With Periapical Periodontitis: An In-Vivo Study
Authors: Zhang Chen-chen , Liu Ya-jing , Yang Wei-dong , Zhang Qian-nan , Zha Ming-zhu , Wen Shan-hui , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The aim was to analyze the morphological changes of root apex in anterior teeth with periapical periodontitis. Methods: 32 untreated anterior teeth with periapical periodontitis were enrolled, compared with the healthy contralateral teeth. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to measure diameter of the apical constriction. 3D reconstruction technique was used to reconstruct the teeth, analysis the constriction forms, and measure the distances of constriction to apical foramen and anatomical apex respectively. Results: The difference value between buccolingual and mesiodistal diameter was (0.06±0.09) mm in periapical periodontitis and (0.04±0.04) mm in healthy teeth (p<0.05). The mean distances between apical constriction and anatomical apex were (0.97±0.25) mm and (1.59±0.48) mm in periapical periodontitis and healthy teeth. The mean distances of apical constriction to apical foramen were (0.39±0.12) mm and (0.70±0.18) mm in periapical periodontitis and healthy teeth. The most common form of apical construction was flaring (65.6%) in periapical periodontitis. Conclusions: The anterior teeth with periapical periodontitis had shorter distances of apical constriction to anatomical apex and apical foramen, bigger disparities between the diameters of buccolingual and mesiodistal, and higher proportion of flaring apical construction.
Androgen Receptor Expression Associates With Distinctive Clinicopathological and Molecular Features in ER-Positive and ER-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Hu Taobo , Liu Yiqiang , Zhao Guiyang , Wang Shu , Long Mengping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Androgen receptor (AR) expression is frequently observed in breast cancer, but its association with estrogen receptor (ER) expression of breast cancer remains unclear.
Methods
In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathological and molecular features associated AR loss in ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer respectively, trying to elucidate the molecular correlation between AR and ER.
Results
Our results showed that AR loss was associated with different clinicopathological characteristics in ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer. Moreover, the expression of AR was correlated with different molecular features in ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the role of AR in ER-positive breast cancer is distinctive from that in ER-negative breast cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Medicine JCM-16021 for Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Zheng Ya , Ching Jessica , Cheng Chung-wah , Lam Wai-ching , Chan Kam-Leung , Zhang Xuan , Lam Pui-yan , Wu Xing-yao , Zhong Linda L.D. , Cao Pei-hua , Lo Cho-wing , Cheong Pui-kuan , Lin Zhi-xiu , Koh Matthew , Wu Justin , Bian Zhao-xiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal functional disease. Adults with IBS may experience abdominal pain, change of bowel habits, and abnormal stool form without organic disease. IBS can seriously affect their work productivity and quality of life, especially diarrhea-predominant Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Chinese Herbal Medicine JCM-16021 has been shown to be potentially effective in improving the symptoms of IBS-D based on a small scale clinical trial. Hence, a large scale clinical study is designed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of JCM-16021 for IBS-D with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern of Liver Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency (LSSD).Methods: This study is a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 392 eligible participants will be enrolled with two-week run-in, eight-week treatment and eight-week follow-up. After run-in period, participants will be randomized to receive either JCM-16021 or placebo for eight weeks, and will have post-treatment follow up for another 8 weeks. The primary outcome is the improvement rate on the Global Assessment of Improvement (GAI) at week 10. The secondary outcomes consist of changes of IBS-D symptoms, TCM pattern improvement, IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QoL), IBS-Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS), safety, etc. Results: A standard protocol has been developed for the study. The protocol will provided a detailed procedure to conduct a clinical trial and verify if the Chinese medicine JCM-16021 would significantly improve the overall symptoms of IBS-D with LSSD pattern of TCM by relieving abdominal pain, reducing stool frequency, improving the stool consistency and improving quality of life. The consolidated evidence from the study can shed light on the treatment of IBS-D with Chinese medicine.Conclusion: The protocol will provide details for investigators about the study following SPIRIT Statement. High-quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of Chinese Medicine JCM-16021 for IBS-D will be provided through strict compliance with the protocol.Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03457324. Registered 8 February 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03457324?term=NCT03457324&draw=2&rank=1
Research on the drying Mechanism of Astragali Radix during Processing
Authors: Peng Jie , Wu Meng-Mei , Ye Li-Fang , Wu Meng-Hua , Ma Zhi-Guo , Cao Hui , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Backgroundstragali Radix (Huangqi) is an important Chinese herbal medicine that is always processed into pieces for clinical use. There are many operations required after harvesting, among which drying of AR pieces is a key step. Unfortunately, research on the drying mechanism is still limited.MethodsLow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were applied to study the water status and water distribution during the drying process. The contents of bioactive ingredients and texture changes were measured by HPLC and texture analyzer, respectively.ResultsDuring the drying process, the moisture content first decreased rapidly. After a particular time, the moisture content decreased slowly, and the equilibrium value was reached. The trends for changes in flavonoid glycoside and flavonoid aglycone contents in AR pieces were entirely opposite. The relaxation times T22 and T23 and the peak areas A22 and ATotal decreased significantly during drying. In addition, the intensity of the water signal decreased from the surface to the interior. The textural parameters hardness, adhesion and fracturability increased without an apparent change in springiness. The parameters of LF-NMR and the texture analyzer were correlated with water content.Conclusions﻿This study indicated that HPLC, LF-NMR, MRI and texture analyzers provide a scientific basis for elucidating the principles for drying of AR pieces. The method is useful and shows potential for popularization and application; accordingly, it can easily be extended to other radix and/or rhizoma Traditional Chinese Medicinal materials.
The 532 nm Laser Treatment Promotes The Proliferation of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells and Up-Regulates Nr4a1 To Stimulate Tenogenic Differentiation
Authors: Li Ming , Zhu Yiming , Pei Qing , Deng Yuhao , Ni Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The combination of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and stem cell transplantation with tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) as seed cells provides a new treatment strategy for tendon injury. Nevertheless, the effect of LLLT on the biological behavior of TDSCs and its internal mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of LLLT with a wavelength of 532 nm on the proliferation and differentiation of TDSCs of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
Methods

TDSCs were isolated from Achilles tendons of SD rats and identified by cell morphology and flow cytometric analysis. Energy density gradient experiment was performed to determine the ideal energy. Then TDSCs were treated with LLLT using a wavelength of 532 nm at a fluence of 15J/cm2. Cell response after irradiation was observed at 6, 12 and 24 hours to ascertain cell morphology and cell proliferation. RT-PCR was used to detect the RNA expression levels of the key genes of TDSCs differentiation including Scx, Tnmd, Mkx and Dcn, PPARγ, Sox9 and Runx2. Then gene chip microarray was used to detect the expression of differential genes after 532 nm laser intervention in TDSCs, and the target genes were screened out to verify the role of target genes in this process.
Results

When the 532 nm laser energy density was 15 J/cm2, the proliferation capacity of TDSCs was improved (2.73 ± 0.24 vs. 1.81 ± 0.71, P < 0.05), and the expression of genes related to tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs was significantly increased (P < 0.01), showing the potential of tenogenic differentiation. After RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses, we speculated that Nr4a1 was involved in the tenogenic differentiation process of TDSCs regulated by 532 nm laser treatment. Subsequent experiments confirmed that Nr4a1 regulated the expression of the tenogenic differentiation genes scleraxis (Scx) and tenomodulin (Tnmd) in TDSCs, affecting the process.
Conclusion

A 532 nm laser with 15J/cm2 regulated the process of TDSC proliferation and tenogenic differentiation by up-regulating Nr4a, which could accelerate tendon healing.
Screening of phytochemicals from Golden apple of discord, Cydonia oblonga against the pTen and HBx using in silico-based tools.
Authors: Khan Elhan , Ahmad Iffat Zareen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Phytochemicals derived from Cydonia oblonga have been investigated for their anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities in many cancer cells lines. The reported bioactive compounds are evaluated in-silico to develop a novel antagonist against pTEN and HBx to target hepatocellular carcinoma. Lower expression of pTEN or higher expression of HBx represents the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Objective

This research is intended to identify the best candidate which interacts with our target proteins (pTEN and HBx) from the quince seeds by using computational methodologies.
Materials and Methods

The ternary structures of protein and phytochemicals reported in quince like derivatives of caffeoylquinic acid, kaempferol and quercetin, Chrysoeriol, Catechin and other compounds are retrieved from the online databanks. Druglikness analysis and ADMET profiling was done, followed by docking analysis. Lastly, molecular dynamics study was done to determine the complexes stability.
Results

Docking study revealed that CQA derivatives have the significant inhibitory potential of 3CQA and 5CQA with binding affinity of -7.53 and -7.49 against pTEN and -5.94 and -6.01 against HBx in comparison to the standard drug doxorubicin. The average RMSD and RMSF value for protein-ligand complexes were found quite stable comparative to the standard, while parameters like gyration and SASA supports the complexes having the significant binding and stability especially against pTEN.
Conclusion

The results obtained from the evaluation depict 3CQA and 5CQA shows best stability especially with the p10 protein target. Hence, these compounds have to be considered for detailed experimental studies to understand its biological function against HCC.
Reversed Phase Transformation of β→α-Sn at Elevated Temperatures towards Quantum Material Integration on Silicon
Authors: Covian Alejandra Cuervo , Liu Shang , Gardener Jules , Akey Austin , Levin Barnaby , Wang Xiaoxin , Liu Jifeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
α-Sn and SnGe alloys have recently attracted much attention as a new family of topological quantum materials. However, bulk α-Sn is thermodynamically stable only at <13°C. Moreover, scalable integration of α-Sn quantum materials/devices on Si has been hindered by a large lattice mismatch. To address these challenges, we demonstrate compressively strained α-Sn doped with 2-4 at.% Ge on a native oxide layer on Si, grown at 300-500°C through a reversed β-to-α-Sn phase transformation without relying on epitaxy. The size of α-Sn microdots reaches up to 200 nm, ~10x larger than the upper size limit for α-Sn formation reported before. Furthermore, the compressive strain makes it one of the few candidates for 3D topological Dirac semimetals with interesting applications in spintronics. We find that Ge-rich GeSn nanoclusters in the as-deposited materials seeded the reversed β-to-α-Sn transition at elevated temperatures. This process can be further optimized for SnGe quantum material and device integration on Si.