bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in rats can be improved via PirB knockdown in the retina
Authors: Yang Mei , Jian Lan , Fan Wei , Chen Xing , Zou Huan , Huang Yanming , Chen Xiaofan , Zhou Yuan-Guo , Yuan Rongdi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
In the central nervous system (CNS), three types of myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) exert major inhibitory effects on nerve regeneration: Nogo-A, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp). MAIs have two co-receptors, Nogo receptor (NgR) and paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB). Existing studies confirm that inhibiting NgR only exerted a modest disinhibitory effect in CNS. However, the inhibitory effects of PirB on nerve regeneration after binding to MAIs are controversial too. We aimed to further investigate the effect of PirB knockdown on the neuroprotection and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve injury in rats.

Methods
The differential expression of PirB in the retina was observed via immunofluorescence and western blotting after 1, 3, and 7 days of optic nerve injury (ONI). The retina was locally transfected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) PirB shRNA, then, the distribution of virus in tissues and cells was observed 21 days after AAV transfection to confirm the efficiency of PirB knockdown. Level of P-Stat3 and expressions of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) were detected via western blotting. RGCs were directly labeled with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). The new axons of the optic nerve were specifically labeled with growth associated protein-43 (GAP43) via immunofluorescence. Flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) was used to detect the P1 and N1 latency, as well as N1-P1, P1-N2 amplitude to confirm visual function.

Results
PirB expression in the retina was significantly increased after ONI. PirB knockdown was successful and significantly promoted P-Stat3 level and CNTF expression in the retina. PirB knockdown promoted the regeneration of optic nerve axons and improved the visual function indexes such as N1-P1 and P1-N2 amplitude.

Conclusions
PirB is one of the key molecules that inhibit the regeneration of the optic nerve, and inhibition of PirB has an excellent effect on promoting nerve regeneration, which allows the use of PirB as a target molecule to promote functional recovery after ONI.
Dubhe: a deep-learning-based B5G coverage analysis method
Authors: Xu Haoyan , Xu Xiaolong , Xiao Fu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, with the rapid development of various technologies such as the Internet of Things and the Internet, the demand for massive device connections and a variety of differentiated new business applications has continued to increase. In order to better cope with the rapid growth of mobile data in the future, 5G also came into being. Then, B5G was proposed and applied in industries such as traditional voice/video, smart city, automotive car or ship, unmanned aerial vehicle, marine monitoring, IoT, and intelligent industry. In these scenarios, B5G is required to achieve seamless global coverage. As these scenarios are complex and changeable, analysis of the coverage of 5G base stations has become a challenge. We decompose the environment around the base station into multiple grids, and analyze the signal strength of each grid. A signal propagation model needs to be constructed to predict whether each grid is covered. The commonly used wireless propagation model is an empirical model based on a mathematical formula for statistical analysis of a large amount of test data during the establishment of a 5G local area network. It has universal applicability, but has insufficient prediction accuracy for specific scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate and modify the typical propagation model according to the specific environment to obtain an accurate propagation model that matches the current area. We improved the traditional wireless communication model, and proposed a deep-learning-based B5G coverage analysis method namedDubhewhich is one of the planets of the Big Dipper. In a real cell scenario, the mean square error of the link budget of the typical UMa model is 17.9 dBm, while the mean square error of the proposedDubhemodel constructed in this article is only 6.78 dBm. The recognition rate of weak coverage can reach 42.86%.
On optimal number of cognitive radios considering co-site electromagnetic compatibility
Authors: Liao Mingxue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the development and wide applications of wireless communication technology, the limited spectrum resources and the fixed spectrum allocation policy could no longer satisfy the demand for wireless communication. Just for this reason, many spectrum resources become spectrum holes because they are allocated but not used. Cognitive radio is now becoming one of the most important techniques for high utility of these spectrum holes. If the holes available to cognitive users are abundant over a certain time, it is a worth consideration to increase network throughputs by orthogonal multiplexing as many as spectrum holes. A multi-transceiver configuration is one of the possible solutions for this purpose. With such a schema, all transceivers within a cognitive user work in a concurrent or parallel mode, by which the throughput of the network can be increased. However, co-site working cognitive radios may incur electromagnetic interference between each other. When more cognitive radios are equipped, much electromagnetic interference may be incurred. Many techniques are proposed to mitigate such so-siting interference; however, none of them have addressed the probability that the interference will happen. If the probability could be estimated in advance, the user will make a better planning on the configurations of the co-siting working radios. Based on an elaboratedn-fold multiple integral model, we propose a novel method to decide how many cognitive radios can be installed for one cognitive user at most. This is our main contribution with this work, providing an enhanced ability to determine the optimal number of cognitive radios installed within each cognitive user. We make a strict deduction on electromagnetic compatibility probability with various parameters of cognitive radios. Simulations are performed and the results show that the electromagnetic compatibility of the simulated cognitive radio system meets the deducted probability by this method very well.
Trends in prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with community- and healthcare-associated bacteriuria: results from 2014 to 2020 in an urban safety-net healthcare system
Authors: Raphael Eva , Glymour M. Maria , Chambers Henry F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producingEscherichia coli(ESBL-E. coli) is increasing worldwide, but the setting in which this increase is occurring is not well defined. We compared trends and risk factors for ESBL-E. colibacteriuria in community vs healthcare settings.MethodsWe collected electronic health record data on all patients withE. coliisolated from urine cultures in a safety-net public healthcare system from January 2014 to March 2020. All analyses were stratified by healthcare-onset/associated (bacteriuria diagnosed > 48 h after hospital admission or in an individual hospitalized in the past 90 days or in a skilled nursing facility resident, N = 1277) or community-onset bacteriuria (bacteriuria diagnosed < 48 h after hospital admission or in an individual seen in outpatient clinical settings without a hospitalization in the past 90 days, N = 7751). We estimated marginal trends from logistic regressions to evaluate annual change in prevalence of ESBL-E. colibacteriuria among all bacteriuria. We evaluated risk factors using logistic regression models.ResultsESBL-E. coliprevalence increased in both community-onset (0.91% per year, 95% CI 0.56%, 1.26%) and healthcare-onset/associated (2.31% per year, CI 1.01%, 3.62%) bacteriuria. In multivariate analyses, age > 65 (RR 1.88, CI 1.17, 3.05), male gender (RR 2.12, CI 1.65, 2.73), and Latinx race/ethnicity (RR 1.52, CI 0.99, 2.33) were associated with community-onset ESBL-E. coli. Only male gender (RR 1.53, CI 1.03, 2.26) was associated with healthcare-onset/associated ESBL-E. coli.ConclusionsESBL-E. colibacteriuria frequency increased at a faster rate in healthcare-associated settings than in the community between 2014 and 2020. Male gender was associated with ESBL-E. colibacteriuria in both settings, but additional risks—age > 65 and Latinx race/ethnicity—were observed only in the community.
Right-sided endocarditis caused by polyclonal Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Kolben Yotam , Ishay Yuval , Azmanov Henny , Rokney Assaf , Baum Moti , Amit Sharon , Nir-Paz Ran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a case of bacterial endocarditis with both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which based on typing, originated from two distinct clones. Such a case may be misinterpreted by microbiology lab automation to be a monoclonal multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, while simple microbiology techniques will instantly reveal distinct clonality.
A case of primary nonleukemic myeloid sarcoma of the spleen, successfully treated by surgery and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ono Asuka , Kitano Yuki , Imai Katsunori , Matsumoto Takashi , Endo Shinya , Tokunaga Kenji , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Yamashita Yo-Ichi , Matsuoka Masao , Baba Hideo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare disease, mostly found in conjunction with acute myelogenous leukemia or other diseases, and primary nonleukemic MS of the spleen is particularly rare.

Case presentation
We report a 57-year-old male who presented with a spleen mass that was found incidentally, and was enlarged. As a result of various examinations, he was diagnosed with primary MS of the spleen with suspected involvement of the transverse colon, left kidney, pancreatic tail, and left diaphragm. He underwent a total splenectomy, partial pancreatectomy, partial colectomy, left nephrectomy, and left diaphragm partial resection. Histological examination revealed splenic primary MS. Bone marrow biopsy and immunophenotypic flow cytometry revealed no evidence of myeloid leukemia. He underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation, and he is currently living without a sign of recurrence at 10 months after surgery.

Conclusions
We experienced a very rare case of primary spleen MS that was discovered without a hematologic malignancy. Two cases of surgically resected primary splenic MS have been reported, including the present case.
Changes in the root-associated bacteria of sorghum are driven by the combined effects of salt and sorghum development
Authors: Yukun Gao , Jianghui Cui , Genzeng Ren , Shilin Wei , Puyuan Yang , Congpei Yin , Hongkai Liang , Jinhua Chang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Sorghum is an important food staple in the developing world, with the capacity to grow under severe conditions such as salinity, drought, and a limited nutrient supply. As a serious environmental stress, soil salinization can change the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and induce a series of harm to crops. And the change of rhizospheric microbes play an important role in the response of plants to salt stress. However, the effect of salt stress on the root bacteria of sorghum and interactions between bacteria and sorghum remains poorly understood.

Results
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of salt stress on sorghum growth performance and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Statistical analysis confirmed that low high concentration stress depressed sorghum growth. Further taxonomic analysis revealed that the bacterial community predominantly consisted of phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in sorghum rhizosphere soil. Low salt stress suppressed the development of bacterial diversity less than high salt stress in both bulk soil and planted sorghum soil. Different sorghum development stages in soils with different salt concentrations enriched distinctly different members of the root bacteria. No obviously different effect on bacterial diversity were tested by PERMANOVA analysis between different varieties, but interactions between salt and growth and between salt and variety were detected. The roots of sorghum exuded phenolic compounds that differed among the different varieties and had a significant relationship with rhizospheric bacterial diversity. These results demonstrated that salt and sorghum planting play important roles in restructuring the bacteria in rhizospheric soil. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity.

Conclusions
In this paper, we found that salt variability and planting are key factors in shifting bacterial diversity and community. In comparison to bulk soils, soils under planting sorghum with different salt stress levels had a characteristic bacterial environment. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. Different sorghum variety with different salt tolerance levels had different responses to salt stress by regulating root exudation. Soil bacterial community responses to salinity and exotic plants could potentially impact the microenvironment to help plants overcome external stressors and promote sorghum growth. While this study observed bacterial responses to combined effects of salt and sorghum development, future studies are needed to understand the interaction among bacteria communities, salinity, and sorghum growth.
Death as attraction: the role of travel medicine and psychological travel health care in ‘dark tourism’
Authors: Bauer Irmgard L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStill an evolving field in travel medicine, psychological travel health has not yet been linked to tourist products that may affect travellers’ mental wellbeing. Dark tourism, the travel to sites linked to death, atrocities and suffering, is a product that, on the one hand, attracts people with a keen interest in death-related attractions and, on the other hand, may inflict psychological scars. Of particular concern are travellers with undiagnosed or diagnosed mental illness.This is the first article bringing travel medicine and dark tourism together. Understanding dark tourism is crucial to appreciate the wide variety of potential stimuli leading to anything from amusement to travel-related psychoses. Travellers’ motivations for and emotional responses to visits of ‘dark’ sites provide an important input into individually tailored psychological pre and post-travel health care. Relevant recommendations include suggestions for education, clinical practice and much needed further multidisciplinary research.
Development of a novel PRO instrument for use in familial chylomicronemia syndrome
Authors: Davidson David , Slota Christina , Vera-Llonch Montserrat , Brown T. Michelle , Hsieh Andrew , Fehnel Sheri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamilial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by high levels of circulating triglycerides, negatively impacts multiple organs, including the liver and pancreas.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop and support the content validity of a novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure addressing FCS symptoms and impacts. To facilitate use in clinical trials of new treatments, evidence supporting the new measure needed to be consistent with regulatory guidance and requirements.MethodsA pool of items addressing symptoms and impacts of FCS was initially developed based on data from a large burden-of-illness study with patients with FCS as well as a review of available literature and existing PRO measures. Two rounds of qualitative interviews were conducted with patients with FCS (N = 10) to refine the draft items and support the measure’s content validity. Each interview began with concept elicitation followed by cognitive debriefing of the draft FCS measure.ResultsPatient-reported symptoms and impacts of FCS were generally consistent with those identified by the burden-of-illness study; abdominal pain was particularly prevalent and salient for patients. Suggested changes to the draft item pool were generally minor. Comprehensibility and ease of completion for the final instrument were confirmed during the second set of interviews.ConclusionThe content validity of the final 17-item FCS Symptoms and Impacts Scale is strongly supported by patient input gathered through both a large burden-of-illness study and qualitative research. To further support use in clinical trials, psychometric evaluation of the measure is underway.
Competing sexual-asexual generic names in Agaricomycotina (Basidiomycota) with recommendations for use
Authors: Stalpers Joost A. , Redhead Scott A. , May Tom W. , Rossman Amy Y. , Crouch Jo Anne , Cubeta Marc A. , Dai Yu-Cheng , Kirschner Roland , Langer Gitta Jutta , Larsson Karl-Henrik , Mack Jonathan , Norvell Lorelei L. , Oberwinkler Franz , Papp Viktor , Roberts Peter , Rajchenberg Mario , Seifert Keith A. , Thorn R. Greg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the change to one scientific name for fungal taxa, generic names typified by species with sexual or asexual morph types are being evaluated to determine which names represent the same genus and thus compete for use. In this paper generic names of theAgaricomycotina(Basidiomycota) were evaluated to determine synonymy based on their type. Forty-seven sets of sexually and asexually typified names were determined to be congeneric and recommendations are made for which generic name to use. In most cases the principle of priority is followed. However, 16 generic names are recommended for use that do not have priority and thus need to be protected:AleurocystisoverMatula; ArmillariaoverAcurtisandRhizomorpha; AsterophoraoverUgola; BotryobasidiumoverAcladium,Allescheriella, Alysidium, Haplotrichum,Physospora,andSporocephalium; CoprinellusoverOzonium; CoprinopsisoverRhacophyllus; DendrocollybiaoverSclerostilbumandTilachlidiopsis; DiacanthodesoverBornetina; EchinoporiaoverEchinodia; NeolentinusoverDigitellus; PostiaoverPtychogaster; RiopaoverSporotrichum; ScytinostromaoverArtocreas, Michenera, andStereofomes; TulasnellaoverHormomyces; TyphulaoverSclerotium;andWolfiporiaoverGemmulariaandPachyma.Nine species names are proposed for protection:Botryobasidium aureum, B. conspersum,B. croceum,B. simile, Pellicularia lembosporum(syn.B. lembosporum),Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Polyporus metamorphosus(syn.Riopa metamorphosa),Polyporus mylittae(syn.Laccocephalum mylittae), andPolyporus ptychogaster(syn. Postia ptychogaster). Two families are proposed for protection:PsathyrellaceaeandTyphulaceae. Three new species names and 30 new combinations are established, and one lectotype is designated.
Impact of post harvest treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera lam leaves
Authors: Fombang Edith N. , Nobossé Pierre , Mbofung Carl M. F. , Singh Damanpreet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity (AOA). These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well as the processing conditions. Hence, it is crucial to determine the most appropriate post-harvest treatment that preserves or enhances AOA. To this effect the influence of steam blanching, fermentation / oxidation, oven drying and roasting of fresh Moringa leaves on their AOA was investigated. Processing conditions of time and temperature for each treatment were optimised using response surface methodology. The effect of the different treatments at optimal conditions on phenolic profile and AOA were compared. Roasting achieved the most significant (p < 0.05) improvement in phenolics (43%) and AOA (22–31%), which was accompanied by the formation of 2 new compounds, quercetin-3-O-acetylglucoside and Quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside. Steam blanching had the most deleterious effect on phenolics (− 31%) and AOA. Post-harvest treatments qualitatively and quantitatively affect phytochemical profile of Moringa leaves.

Graphical abstract
Demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive determinants of serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in adult women of reproductive age in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Oyinkansola Islamiyat , Yusuff Jameelu-deen Omokunmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Anti-Müllerian hormone is a dimeric glycoprotein produced by the granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles of the ovaries. It is a reliable biomarker of ovarian reserve, ageing, and response in the management of women with infertility. However, there are few studies on the determinants of serum anti-Müllerian hormone in Nigerian women. This study aimed to investigate determinants of serum anti-Müllerian hormone among adult women of reproductive age. The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 161 women of reproductive age attending the gynaecology clinic and immunisation clinic of a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Baseline characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
In univariate analysis, age (B = − 0.035, P = 0.000), parity (B = − 0.080, P = 0.001), and infertility duration (B = − 0.050, P = 0.011) had a negative relationship with serum anti-Müllerian hormone, while ethnicity (B = 0.180, P = 0.040), body mass index (B = 0.015, P = 0.010), and cycle length (B = 0.042, P = 0.000) had a positive relationship with serum anti-Müllerian hormone. In multivariable analysis, all relationships except infertility duration persisted.

Conclusion
We found that age, ethnicity, parity, infertility duration, body mass index, and cycle length were associated with serum anti-Müllerian hormone. A large prospective population-based study is required to better understand factors that are associated with serum anti-Müllerian hormone in an ethnically diverse country like Nigeria.
Delayed cephalic arch rupture following balloon angioplasty
Authors: Algharras Abdulaziz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Vascular access care comes with its substantial cost that include but not limited to poor blood flow during dialysis, stenosis throughout the dialysis circuits, aneurysmal dilatation, clots formation and complete thrombosis. Acute cephalic arch rupture is not that uncommon but delayed rupture is rare presentation that was not discussed previously.

Case presentation
We describe a case of a 70-year-old female with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing a fistulogram and angioplasty of cephalic arch stenosis that resulted in a small vessel rupture that was successfully treated with prolonged balloon inflation initially. Unfortunately, this was complicated with massive venous rupture after initiating hemodialysis. The diseased segment was successfully treated with covered stent placement. This paper review and discuss cephalic arch stenosis, clinical presentation, and available initial and bailout treatment strategies.

Conclusions
Primary management of cephalic arch rupture is a prolong-low pressure balloon angioplasty, with covered stent across the site of extravasation if persisted. This case depicted a delayed vascular rupture following hemodialysis in patient with previously controlled extravasation that necessities covered stent placement. No data in the literature suggested the time that is required to avoid dialysis and improve healing.