bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute, but not longer‐term, exposure to environmental enrichment attenuates Pavlovian cue‐evoked conditioned approach and Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex in mice
Authors: Margetts‐Smith Gabriella , Macnaghten Anastasia I. , Brebner Leonie S. , Ziminski Joseph J. , Sieburg Meike C. , Grimm Jeffrey W. , Crombag Hans S. , Koya Eisuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExposure to environmental enrichment can modify the impact of motivationally relevant stimuli. For instance, previous studies in rats have found that even a brief, acute (~1 day), but not chronic, exposure to environmentally enriched (EE) housing attenuates instrumental lever pressing for sucrose‐associated cues in a conditioned reinforcement setup. Moreover, acute EE reduces corticoaccumbens activity, as measured by decreases in expression of the neuronal activity marker “Fos.” Currently, it is not known whether acute EE also reduces sucrose seeking and corticoaccumbens activity elicited by non‐contingent or “forced” exposure to sucrose cues, which more closely resembles cue exposure encountered in daily life. We therefore measured the effects of acute/intermittent (1 day or 6 day of EE prior to test day) versus chronic (EE throughout conditioning lasting until test day) EE on the ability of a Pavlovian sucrose cue to elicit sucrose seeking (conditioned approach) and Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in mice. One day, but not 6 day or chronic EE , reduced sucrose seeking and Fos in the deep layers of the dorsal mPFC. By contrast, 1 day, 6 day, and chronic EE all reduced Fos in the shallow layers of the OFC. None of the EE manipulations modulated NAc Fos expression. We reveal how EE reduces behavioral reactivity to sucrose cues by reducing activity in select prefrontal cortical brain areas. Our work further demonstrates the robustness of EE in its ability to modulate various forms of reward‐seeking across species.
Gender differences in post‐stroke functional outcome at discharge from an intensive rehabilitation hospital
Authors: Poggesi Anna , Insalata Greta , Papi Gioele , Rinnoci Valentina , Donnini Ida , Martini Monica , Falsini Catuscia , Hakiki Bahia , Romoli Annamaria , Barbato Carmen , Polcaro Paola , Casamorata Francesca , Macchi Claudio , Cecchi Francesca , Salvadori Emilia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGender differences in stroke functional recovery after rehabilitation are poorly investigated. Our aim was to compare functional outcomes at discharge from an intensive rehabilitation hospital after stroke in men and women, and to analyze their prognostic factors.MethodsRetrospective observational study of consecutive stroke patients discharged from an intensive neurological rehabilitation hospital, from January 2018 to June 2019. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge was the main outcome measure.ResultsAmong the 208 included patients (mean age 73.4 ± 13.6 years), 105 (50.5%) were women. Women were significantly older (75.3 ± 13.8 vs. 71.4 ± 13.2 years, respectively, p = 0.041), and less often had a history of smoking habit (27% vs. 50%, p < 0.001). No gender differences emerged for vascular risk factors and comorbidities, pre‐stroke functional status, length of hospital stay, stroke type, and number of clinical deficits. At admission to the rehabilitation hospital, mRS score distributions were not different (p = 0.795). At discharge, mRS score distributions and destinations did not differ between men and women (p = 0.391, p = 0.785, respectively). A significant interaction between gender and the change in mRS score from admission to discharge was found (F = 6.6, p = 0.011) taking into account age, stroke type, and number of initial clinical deficits. Dividing the cohort according to age, elderly women showed a better functional recovery compared to men.ConclusionsAt admission to an intensive rehabilitation hospital, men and women presented a similar functional and clinical status and a substantial overlap of functional recovery after stroke. At higher ages, the potential for recovery appeared better in women compared to men.
The cerebellum could serve as a potential imaging biomarker of dementia conversion in patients with amyloid‐negative amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Ji , Cheong E‐nae , Jo Sungyang , Lee Sunju , Shim Woo‐Hyun , Kwon Miseon , Kim Jae Seung , Kim Bum Joon , Lee Jae‐Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAs part of network‐specific neurodegeneration, changes in cerebellar gray matter (GM) volume and impaired cerebello–cerebral functional networks have been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD). Compared with healthy controls, a volume loss in the cerebellum has been observed in patients with continuum of AD. However, little is known about the anatomical or functional changes in patients with clinical AD but no brain amyloidosis. We aimed to identify the relationship between cerebellar volume and dementia conversion of amyloid‐negative mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study of patients over the age 50 years with amyloid‐negative amnestic MCI who visited the memory clinic of Asan Medical Center with no less than a 36‐month follow‐up period. All subjects underwent detailed neuropsychological tests, 3 T brain magnetic resonance imaging scans including three‐dimensional T1 imaging, and fluorine‐18[F18]‐florbetaben amyloid positron emission tomography scans. A spatially unbiased atlas template of the cerebellum and brainstem was used for analyzing cerebellar GM volume.ResultsDuring the 36 months of follow‐up, 39 of 107 (36.4%) patients converted to dementia from amnestic MCI. The converter group had more severe impairments in all visual memory tasks. In terms of volumetric analysis, reduced crus I/II volume adjusted with total intracranial volume, and age was observed in the converter group.ConclusionsSignificant cerebellar GM atrophy involving the bilateral crus I/II may be a novel imaging biomarker for predicting dementia progression in amyloid‐negative amnestic MCI patients.
Worsening of myasthenia due to antiepileptic, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and sedative medication: An estimation of risk based on reporting frequency
Authors: Trillenberg Peter , Katalinic Alexander , Junghanns Klaus , Thern Julia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMany drugs can worsen myasthenia symptoms. The clinician usually relies on cautionary lists compiled according to case reports. We intended to provide a quantitative basis for a risk comparison within the groups of antiepileptic, antidepressant, neuroleptic, and sedative drugs.MethodsWe extracted adverse drug reaction (ADR) counts (total and myasthenia related) for drugs from these groups and calculated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) within the drug groups from the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database. For a given drug, the ROR was increased above 1 if the proportion of myasthenia‐related ADRs for this drug was larger than the same proportion for the rest of drugs in that same group. If the 95% confidence interval of ROR was >1, this was taken as a signal for a higher risk of the given drug as compared to the average of the respective group.ResultsGabapentin, sertraline, citalopram, lithium, and amisulpride had a signal for the ROR to be increased above 1 within their respective groups. Bupropion, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, and paroxetine had ROR values <1. For all other drugs, 1 was within the ROR confidence interval.ConclusionsFor gabapentin and lithium, the analysis of RORs confirmed case reports and cautionary lists. For a number of antidepressant drugs associated with a higher‐than‐average risk, no case reports exist substantiating our results. For these drugs, special attention should be paid to this risk. The remarkable difference between citalopram and escitalopram could prompt experimental work to confirm differential influence of the two preparations on neuromuscular transmission.
In vivo diagnosis of skin cancer with a portable Raman spectroscopic device
Authors: Bratchenko Ivan A. , Bratchenko Lyudmila A. , Moryatov Alexander A. , Khristoforova Yulia A. , Artemyev Dmitry N. , Myakinin Oleg O. , Orlov Andrey E. , Kozlov Sergey V. , Zakharov Valery P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we performed in vivo diagnosis of skin cancer based on implementation of a portable low‐cost spectroscopy setup combining analysis of Raman and autofluorescence spectra in the near‐infrared region (800–915 nm). We studied 617 cases of skin neoplasms (615 patients, 70 melanomas, 122 basal cell carcinomas, 12 squamous cell carcinomas and 413 benign tumors) in vivo with a portable setup. The studies considered the patients examined by GPs in local clinics and directed to a specialized Oncology Dispensary with suspected skin cancer. Each sample was histologically examined after excisional biopsy. The spectra were classified with a projection on latent structures and discriminant analysis. To check the classification models stability, a 10‐fold cross‐validation was performed. We obtained ROC AUCs of 0.75 (0.71–0.79; 95% CI), 0.69 (0.63–0.76; 95% CI) and 0.81 (0.74–0.87; 95% CI) for classification of a) malignant and benign tumors, b) melanomas and pigmented tumors and c) melanomas and seborrhoeic keratosis, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values ranged from 20% to 52% and from 73% to 99%, respectively. The biopsy ratio varied from 0.92:1 to 4.08:1 (at sensitivity levels from 90% to 99%). The accuracy of automatic analysis with the proposed system is higher than the accuracy of GPs and trainees, and is comparable or less to the accuracy of trained dermatologists. The proposed approach may be combined with other optical techniques of skin lesion analysis, such as dermoscopy‐ and spectroscopy‐based computer‐assisted diagnosis systems to increase accuracy of neoplasms classification.
Steepness is a slippery slope
Authors: Miller Timothy J. , Brooks Elizabeth N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Beverton–Holt and Ricker stock‐recruit functions were derived in terms of two pre‐recruit mortality parameters. Mace, & Doonan, (1988, A generalized bioeconomic simulation model for fish population dynamics) reparameterized the stock‐recruit function in terms of steepness, which combines pre‐recruit mortality with post‐recruit biological parameters defining unfished spawning biomass per recruit. Their parameterization explicitly assumes a stable age distribution at unexploited conditions, but also implicitly assumes that unexploited spawning biomass per recruit is time invariant. Temporal variation could occur in either pre‐recruit mortality rates or post‐recruit biological parameters, but different dynamics are produced. The former results in variation in both the stock‐recruit curve and the population equilibria, whereas variation in the latter only changes the points of equilibria on the curve. Thus, variation in either pre‐ or post‐recruit parameters will result in variation in steepness, maximum sustainable yield and associated management reference points. Empirical measures of components of post‐recruit productivity (maturity and mass at age, e.g.) are available for many managed fish stocks and often exhibit temporal variability. Yet use of the steepness parameterization requires an analyst to specify one set of post‐recruit biological parameters to define unexploited spawning biomass per recruit for the full time series. This misspecification leads to misperception of biological reference points and has implications for meta‐analyses of steepness, and interpretation of the dynamicconcept. Returning to the original parameterization allows the isolation of any temporal or inter‐population variation in pre‐ and post‐recruit productivity and reduces the potential for mechanistic bias in stock‐recruit parameters.
Potential of hotspot solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence for better tracking terrestrial photosynthesis
Authors: Hao Dalei , Asrar Ghassem R. , Zeng Yelu , Yang Xi , Li Xing , Xiao Jingfeng , Guan Kaiyu , Wen Jianguang , Xiao Qing , Berry Joseph A. , Chen Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRemote sensing of solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) opens a new window for quantifying a key ecological variable, the terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP), because of the revealed strong SIF–GPP correlation. However, similar to many other remotely sensed metrics, SIF observations suffer from the sun‐sensor geometry effects, which may have important impacts on the SIF–GPP relationship but remain poorly understood. Here we used remotely sensed SIF, globally distributed tower GPP data, and a mechanistic model to provide a systematic analysis. Our results reveal that leaf physiology, canopy structure, and sun‐sensor geometries all affect the SIF–GPP relationship. In particular, we found that SIF observations in the sun‐tracking hotspot direction can be a better proxy of GPP due to the similar responses of light use efficiency and SIF escaping probability in the hotspot direction to the increasing incoming solar radiation. Such conclusions are supported by a variety of modeling simulations and satellite observations over various plant function types, at different time scales and with satellite observational modes. This study demonstrates the potential and advantage of normalizing SIF observations to the hotspot direction for better global GPP estimations. This study also demonstrates the great potentials of current and future spaceborne sun‐tracking satellite missions for a significant improvement in measuring and monitoring, at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, the changes in terrestrial ecosystem GPP in response to anticipated changes in the Earth's environmental conditions.
Using network DEA to inform policy: The case of the teaching quality of higher education in England
Authors: Lee Boon L. , Johnes Jill 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCurrent literature on higher education (HE) performance only considers the production of graduates and not graduate employment. The latter needs to be factored into the HE production model as it not only measures the true impact of HE institutions (HEIs), but also provides policy implications on how resources should be allocated. Furthermore, the current literature on HE does not incorporate student responses into outputs, which should be in order to evaluate the teaching quality of HEIs. This study contributes to the existing literature by employing a network data envelopment analysis model that truly reflects the production process of HEIs and incorporates qualitative and quantitative data drawn from the UK Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) to capture the effects from teaching quality and the graduate employment outcomes. The study allows us to compare the actual TEF outcomes with the teaching efficiency scores and determine the sources of inefficiencies which lead to policy implications.
L'évaluation par le client comme méthode de surveillance: les enjeux de la réputation numérique du travailleur à la lumière du Règlement général sur la protection des données de l'Union européenne
Authors: TODOLÍ‐SIGNES Adrián 
Published: February 2021

RésuméL'évaluation du travailleur par le client ou l'employeur ainsi que la publication des avis qui en résultent constituent une méthode de contrôle et de surveillance qui pose de multiples problèmes au regard du droit européen. Sous couvert d'une approche client, elle soumet le travailleur à une surveillance de tous les instants, qui va bien au‐delà de ce qui prévaut dans un cadre de travail classique. L'auteur examine les enjeux de la question à la lumière du Règlement général sur la protection des données de l'Union européenne (UE), qui fixe des limites très précises à la collecte et la publication d'informations concernant les travailleurs.
Nurse resilience for clinical practice: An integrative review
Authors: Cooper Alannah L. , Brown Janie A. , Leslie Gavin D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate and synthesize research that has investigated nurse resilience, to develop an understanding of what nurses' feel affects their resilience, their experiences and how resilience can impact individual nurses, patients and employers.DesignIntegrative review.Data SourcesCINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO, searched from the date each database was available to July 2019.Review MethodsPrimary research studies explicitly investigating resilience in any type of licensed nurse were eligible for inclusion. Studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Framework. Data from each study were abstracted, coded and themes were identified according to the review aims and key findings of each study.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight sub‐themes and three main themes were identified: The Resilient Nurse, Nurses' Experiences of Resilience and Employment Conditions and Nurse Resilience.ConclusionNurse resilience is a complex and dynamic process, and high levels of resilience are associated with reduced psychological harm and increased well‐being. Attempts to determine the characteristics of the resilient nurse have been inconclusive and research has predominately focussed on individual factors which could affect resilience, with minimal research exploring external factors which affect nurse resilience including work environment and conditions. Nursing work was characterized by adversity and nurses described the development and use of strategies to maintain their resilience.ImpactThis review found that individual factors have received most attention in research investigating nurse resilience. Findings suggest that nurse resilience protects against negative psychological outcomes and nurses independently develop and use strategies to manage adversity. Factors in the workplace which affect resilience are under‐researched, and addressing this gap could assist with the development of comprehensive interventions and policies to build and maintain nurse resilience.
The association between EAE development in mice and the production of autoantibodies and abzymes after immunization of mice with different antigens
Authors: Aulova Kseniya S. , Urusov Andrey A. , Sedykh Sergey E. , Toporkova Ludmila B. , Lopatnikova Julia A. , Buneva Valentina N. , Sennikov Sergei V. , Budde Thomas , Meuth Sven G. , Popova Nelly A. , Orlovskaya Irina A. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have previously shown that immunization of C57BL/6 mice, prone to spontaneous development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with three antigens (MOG35‐55, DNA‐histone complex or DNA‐methylated BSA complex), alters the differentiation profiles of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These are associated with the production of autoantibodies (auto‐Abs) against these antigens and the formation of abzymes hydrolysing DNA, MOG, myelin basic protein (MBP) and histones. Immunization of mice with antigens accelerates the development of EAE. This work is the first to analyse the ratio of auto‐Abs without and with catalytic activities at different stages of EAE development (onset, acute and remission phases) after immunization of mice with the three specific antigens. Prior to immunization and during spontaneous in‐time development of EAE, the concentration of auto‐Abs against MBP, MOG, histones and DNA and activities of IgG antibodies in the hydrolysis of substrates increased in parallel; correlation coefficients = +0.69‐0.94. After immunization with MOG, DNA‐histone complex or DNA‐met‐BSA complex, both positive (from +0.13 to +0.98) and negative correlations (from −0.09 to −0.69) were found between these values. Our study is the first showing that depending on the antigen, the relative amount of harmful auto‐Abs without and abzymes with low or high catalytic activities may be produced only at onset and in acute or remission phases of EAE. The antigen governs the EAE development rate, whereby the ratio of auto‐Abs without catalytic activity and with enzymatic activities of harmful abzymes hydrolysing MBP, MOG, histones and DNA varies strongly between different disease phases.
Phylotranscriptomic insights into Asteraceae diversity, polyploidy, and morphological innovation
Authors: Zhang Caifei , Huang Chien‐Hsun , Liu Mian , Hu Yi , Panero Jose L. , Luebert Federico , Gao Tiangang , Ma Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiodiversity is not evenly distributed among related groups, raising questions about the factors contributing to such disparities. The sunflower family (Asteraceae, >26,000 species) is among the largest and most diverse plant families, but its species diversity is concentrated in a few subfamilies, providing an opportunity to study the factors affecting biodiversity. Phylotranscriptomic analyses here of 244 transcriptomes and genomes produced a phylogeny with strong support for the monophyly of Asteraceae and the monophyly of most subfamilies and tribes. This phylogeny provides a reference for detecting changes in diversification rates and possible factors affecting Asteraceae diversity, which include global climate shifts, whole‐genome duplications (WGDs), and morphological evolution. The origin of Asteraceae was estimated at ~83 Mya, with most subfamilies having diverged before the Cretaceous–Paleocene boundary. Phylotranscriptomic analyses supported the existence of 41 WGDs in Asteraceae. Changes to herbaceousness and capitulescence with multiple flower‐like capitula, often with distinct florets and scaly pappus/receptacular bracts, are associated with multiple upshifts in diversification rate. WGDs might have contributed to the survival of early Asteraceae by providing new genetic materials to support morphological transitions. The resulting competitive advantage for adapting to different niches would have increased biodiversity in Asteraceae.
The healing effects of facial BOTOX injection on symptoms of depression alongside its effects on beauty preservation
Authors: Khademi Mohammad , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Goodarzi Azadeh , Seirafianpour Farnoosh , Dodangeh Milad , Khademi Arash 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBeauty is closely associated with a sense of calm, confidence, and hope for a better life. Therefore, it is expected that improving the appearance or even correcting one's view of appearance can prevent depression and even improve different degrees of depression in individuals.AimsInvestigation of whether using botulinum injections (a common method of improving facial esthetics) can improve the degree of depression in clients.MethodsThis prospective interventional before‐after study was conducted on 121 consecutive individuals referred for beautifying the face. Before performing the interventional procedure by facial botulinum injection as well as one month later, the depression status was examined by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) questionnaire.ResultsThe mean baseline depression score dropped from 18.9 ± 4.8 to 10.6 ± 2.9 during the follow‐up time (P < .001). Using the multivariable linear regression modeling and with the presence of baseline parameters, the main determinants of improving depression score included young ages (beta = −0.541, P = .001), higher educational level (beta = 0.595, P = .015), and previous experiences of botulinum toxin use (beta = 1.072, P = .036).ConclusionThe improvement in people's moods along with correction of their facial defects following botulinum toxin injections would be expected.