bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of maternal-effect genes in zebrafish using maternal crispants
Authors: Moravec Cara E. , Voit Gabriella C. , Otterlee Jarred , Pelegri Francisco 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn animals, early development is dependent on a pool of maternal factors, both RNA and proteins, which are required for basic cellular processes and cell differentiation until zygotic genome activation. The role of the majority of these maternally expressed factors is not fully understood. By exploiting the biallelic editing ability of CRISPR-Cas9, we identify and characterize maternal-effect genes in a single generation, using a maternal crispant technique. We validated the ability to generate biallelic mutations in the germ line by creating maternal crispants that phenocopied previously characterized maternal-effect genes: birc5b, tmi and mid1ip1. Additionally, by targeting maternally expressed genes of unknown function in zebrafish, we identified two maternal-effect zebrafish genes, kpna7 and fhdc3. The genetic identity of these maternal crispants was confirmed by sequencing haploid progeny from F0 females, which allowed the analysis of newly induced lesions in the maternal germ line. Our studies show that maternal crispants allow for the effective identification and primary characterization of maternal-effect genes in a single generation, facilitating the reverse genetics analysis of maternal factors that drive embryonic development.
New mouse models for high resolution and live imaging of planar cell polarity proteins in vivo
Authors: Basta Lena P. , Hill-Oliva Michael , Paramore Sarah V. , Sharan Rishabh , Goh Audrey , Biswas Abhishek , Cortez Marvin , Little Katherine A. , Posfai Eszter , Devenport Danelle 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The collective polarization of cellular structures and behaviors across a tissue plane is a near universal feature of epithelia known as planar cell polarity (PCP). This property is controlled by the core PCP pathway, which consists of highly conserved membrane-associated protein complexes that localize asymmetrically at cell junctions. Here, we introduce three new mouse models for investigating the localization and dynamics of transmembrane PCP proteins: Celsr1, Fz6 and Vangl2. Using the skin epidermis as a model, we characterize and verify the expression, localization and function of endogenously tagged Celsr1-3xGFP, Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 fusion proteins. Live imaging of Fz6-3xGFP in basal epidermal progenitors reveals that the polarity of the tissue is not fixed through time. Rather, asymmetry dynamically shifts during cell rearrangements and divisions, while global, average polarity of the tissue is preserved. We show using super-resolution STED imaging that Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 can be resolved, enabling us to observe their complex localization along junctions. We further explore PCP fusion protein localization in the trachea and neural tube, and discover new patterns of PCP expression and localization throughout the mouse embryo.
The Arabidopsis stomatal polarity protein BASL mediates distinct processes before and after cell division to coordinate cell size and fate asymmetries
Authors: Gong Yan , Alassimone Julien , Muroyama Andrew , Amador Gabriel , Varnau Rachel , Liu Ao , Bergmann Dominique C. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In many land plants, asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) create and pattern differentiated cell types on the leaf surface. In the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage, BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE (BASL) regulates division plane placement and cell fate enforcement. Polarized subcellular localization of BASL is initiated before ACD and persists for many hours after the division in one of the two daughters. Untangling the respective contributions of polarized BASL before and after division is essential to gain a better understanding of its roles in regulating stomatal lineage ACDs. Here, we combine quantitative imaging and lineage tracking with genetic tools that provide temporally restricted BASL expression. We find that pre-division BASL is required for division orientation, whereas BASL polarity post-division ensures proper cell fate commitment. These genetic manipulations allowed us to uncouple daughter-cell size asymmetry from polarity crescent inheritance, revealing independent effects of these two asymmetries on subsequent cell behavior. Finally, we show that there is coordination between the division frequencies of sister cells produced by ACDs, and this coupling requires BASL as an effector of peptide signaling.
Industrial symbiosis platforms for synergy identification and their most important data points: a systematic review
Authors: Akrivou Chrysanthi , Łȩkawska-Andrinopoulou Lucyna , Tsimiklis Georgios , Amditis Angelos 
Published: August 2021

Background: Industrial symbiosis (IS) primarily involves interfirm utilization of industrial residual resources. An important factor determining the success of IS is the identification and matching of cooperation opportunities. Digital tools, including IS platforms, are considered facilitators of this process. This systematic literature review addresses the research question: ‘Which are the most important data points of an IS platform and how can they be used for the promotion of IS?’. Methods: The review is based on scientific publications from the following academic research databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, AISel and IEEE (via Google Scholar), and grey literature obtained through a customized Google search technique, last performed on 9/3/2021. Records were included according to their scientific content, namely if the document: i) examined the identification of synergies utilizing ICT tools, ii) data requirements or platform related information were presented or iii) the impact of a digital tool in promoting IS was discussed. Exclusion criteria were: articles not written in English, not peer-reviewed, published before 2016 or document type other than scientific article, conference paper or EU project deliverable. Two independent reviewers performed title scanning and abstract reading of the documents to reduce the risk of bias. Results: The total number of records included after abstract and full text reading was 32. The main results of this review suggest that two significant types of data points are encountered in IS platforms; i) data required for synergy identification and ii) platform related information. Conclusions: A possible limitation of the study is a minor risk of bias due to one reviewer performing full text reading and synthesis of results; however, they reported to and consulted with the supervising reviewer. Overall, the results indicate that several types of data points are required for effective matching and successful promotion of IS through digital tools.
Statistical Tests for Cross-Validation of Kriging Models
Authors: Kleijnen Jack P. C. , van Beers Wim C. M. 
Published: August 2021

Kriging or Gaussian process models are popular metamodels (surrogate models or emulators) of simulation models; these metamodels give predictors for input combinations that are not simulated. To validate these metamodels for computationally expensive simulation models, the analysts often apply computationally efficient cross-validation. In this paper, we derive new statistical tests for so-called leave-one-out cross-validation. Graphically, we present these tests as scatterplots augmented with confidence intervals that use the estimated variances of the Kriging predictors. To estimate the true variances of these predictors, we might use bootstrapping. Like other statistical tests, our tests—with or without bootstrapping—have type I and type II error probabilities; to estimate these probabilities, we use Monte Carlo experiments. We also use such experiments to investigate statistical convergence. To illustrate the application of our tests, we use (i) an example with two inputs and (ii) the popular borehole example with eight inputs. Summary of Contribution: Simulation models are very popular in operations research (OR) and are also known as computer simulations or computer experiments. A popular topic is design and analysis of computer experiments. This paper focuses on Kriging methods and cross-validation methods applied to simulation models; these methods and models are often applied in OR. More specifically, the paper provides the following; (1) the basic variant of a new statistical test for leave-one–out cross-validation; (2) a bootstrap method for the estimation of the true variance of the Kriging predictor; and (3) Monte Carlo experiments for the evaluation of the consistency of the Kriging predictor, the convergence of the Studentized prediction error to the standard normal variable, and the convergence of the expected experimentwise type I error rate to the prespecified nominal value. The new statistical test is illustrated through examples, including the popular borehole model.
Parents Taking Action: Adapting a Peer-to-Peer Program for Parents Raising Black Children With Autism
Authors: Dababnah Sarah , Shaia Wendy E. , Kim Irang , Magaña Sandy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report on the adaptation and delivery of a peer-led, 14-session manualized program, Parents Taking Action, among parents raising Black children with autism in low-income neighborhoods. We engaged a community advisory group made up of parents and grandparents of Black children with autism, a Black self-advocate, clinicians, and other stakeholders to culturally adapt the intervention. Three Parent Leaders delivered the program to seven Black mothers of children with autism. We collected and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data on intervention implementation. Our study revealed key participation barriers and facilitators facing families of Black children with autism, particularly financial and other material burdens, which can inform efforts to better serve parents experiencing the effects of poverty and racism.
Combining simple blood tests to identify primary care patients with unexpected weight loss for cancer investigation: Clinical risk score development, internal validation, and net benefit analysis
Authors: Nicholson Brian D. , Aveyard Paul , Koshiaris Constantinos , Perera Rafael , Hamilton Willie , Oke Jason , Hobbs F. D. Richard 
Published: August 2021

Background
Unexpected weight loss (UWL) is a presenting feature of cancer in primary care. Existing research proposes simple combinations of clinical features (risk factors, symptoms, signs, and blood test data) that, when present, warrant cancer investigation. More complex combinations may modify cancer risk to sufficiently rule-out the need for investigation. We aimed to identify which clinical features can be used together to stratify patients with UWL based on their risk of cancer.

Methods and findings
We used data from 63,973 adults (age: mean 59 years, standard deviation 21 years; 42% male) to predict cancer in patients with UWL recorded in a large representative United Kingdom primary care electronic health record between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2012. We derived 3 clinical prediction models using logistic regression and backwards stepwise covariate selection: Sm, symptoms-only model; STm, symptoms and tests model; Tm, tests-only model. Fifty imputations replaced missing data. Estimates of discrimination and calibration were derived using 10-fold internal cross-validation. Simple clinical risk scores are presented for models with the greatest clinical utility in decision curve analysis. The STm and Tm showed improved discrimination (area under the curve ≥ 0.91), calibration, and greater clinical utility than the Sm. The Tm was simplest including age-group, sex, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, haemoglobin, platelets, and total white cell count. A Tm score of 5 balanced ruling-in (sensitivity 84.0%, positive likelihood ratio 5.36) and ruling-out (specificity 84.3%, negative likelihood ratio 0.19) further cancer investigation. A Tm score of 1 prioritised ruling-out (sensitivity 97.5%). At this threshold, 35 people presenting with UWL in primary care would be referred for investigation for each person with cancer referred, and 1,730 people would be spared referral for each person with cancer not referred. Study limitations include using a retrospective routinely collected dataset, a reliance on coding to identify UWL, and missing data for some predictors.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that combinations of simple blood test abnormalities could be used to identify patients with UWL who warrant referral for investigation, while people with combinations of normal results could be exempted from referral.
Pathways to care and preferences for improving tuberculosis services among tuberculosis patients in Zambia: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Kerkhoff Andrew D. , Kagujje Mary , Nyangu Sarah , Mateyo Kondwelani , Sanjase Nsala , Chilukutu Lophina , Eshun-Wilson Ingrid , Geng Elvin H. , Havlir Diane V. , Muyoyeta Monde 
Published: August 2021

Background
Delays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) contribute to a substantial proportion of TB-related mortality, especially among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We sought to characterize the diagnostic journey for HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with a new TB diagnosis in Zambia, to understand drivers of delay, and characterize their preferences for service characteristics to inform improvements in TB services.

Methods
We assessed consecutive adults with newly microbiologically-confirmed TB at two public health treatment facilities in Lusaka, Zambia. We administered a survey to document critical intervals in the TB care pathway (time to initial care-seeking, diagnosis and treatment initiation), identify bottlenecks and their reasons. We quantified patient preferences for a range of characteristics of health services using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) that assessed 7 attributes (distance, wait times, hours of operation, confidentiality, sex of provider, testing incentive, TB test speed and notification method).

Results
Among 401 patients enrolled (median age of 34 years, 68.7% male, 46.6% HIV-positive), 60.9% and 39.1% were from a first-level and tertiary hospital, respectively. The median time from symptom onset to receipt of TB treatment was 5.0 weeks (IQR: 3.6–8.0) and was longer among HIV-positive patients seeking care at a tertiary hospital than HIV-negative patients (6.4 vs. 4.9 weeks, p = 0.002). The time from symptom onset to initial presentation for evaluation accounted for the majority of time until treatment initiation (median 3.0 weeks, IQR: 1.0–5.0)–an important minority of 11.0% of patients delayed care-seeking ≥8 weeks.
The DCE found that patients strongly preferred same-day TB test results (relative importance, 37.2%), facilities close to home (18.0%), and facilities with short wait times (16.9%). Patients were willing to travel to a facility up to 7.6 kilometers further away in order to access same-day TB test results. Preferences for improving current TB services did not differ according to HIV status.

Conclusions
Prolonged intervals from TB symptom onset to treatment initiation were common, especially among PLHIV, and were driven by delayed health-seeking. Addressing known barriers to timely diagnosis and incorporating patients’ preferences into TB services, including same-day TB test results, may facilitate earlier TB care engagement in high burden settings.
Prevalence and factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure among slum and non-slum dwellers undergoing emergency surgery in a metropolitan area of South Western Nigeria
Authors: Obembe Taiwo A. , Levin Jonathan , Fonn Sharon 
Published: August 2021

Background
Out of Pocket (OOP) payment continues to persist as the major mode of payment for healthcare in Nigeria despite the introduction of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Although the burden of health expenditure has been examined in some populations, the impact of OOP among slum dwellers in Nigeria when undergoing emergencies, is under-researched. This study sought to examine the prevalence, factors and predictors of catastrophic health expenditure amongst selected slum and non-slum communities undergoing emergency surgery in Southwestern Nigeria.

Methods
The study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to recruit 450 households through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires in 2017. Factors considered for analysis relating to the payer were age, sex, relationship of payer to patient, educational status, marital status, ethnicity, occupation, income and health insurance coverage. Variables factored into analysis for the patient were indication for surgery, grade of hospital, and type of hospital. Households were classified as incurring catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), if their OOP expenditure exceeded 5% of payers’ household budget. Analysis of the data took into account the multistage sampling design.

Results
Overall, 65.6% (95% CI: 55.6–74.5) of the total population that were admitted for emergency surgery, experienced catastrophic expenditure. The prevalence of catastrophic expenditure at 5% threshold, among the population scheduled for emergency surgeries, was significantly higher for slum dwellers (74.1%) than for non-slum dwellers (47.7%) (F = 8.59; p = 0.019). Multiple logistic regression models revealed the significant independent factors of catastrophic expenditure at the 5% CHE threshold to include setting of the payer (whether slum or non-slum dweller) (p = 0.019), and health insurance coverage of the payer (p = 0.012). Other variables were nonetheless significant in the bivariate analysis were age of the payer (p = 0.017), income (p<0.001) and marital status of the payer (p = 0.022).

Conclusion
Although catastrophic health expenditure was higher among the slum dwellers, substantial proportions of respondents incurred catastrophic health expenditure irrespective of whether they were slum or non-slum dwellers. Concerted efforts are required to implement protective measures against catastrophic health expenditure in Nigeria that also cater to slum dwellers.
A botica conventual no feminino
Authors: Braga Isabel Drumond 
Published: August 2021

Este texto pretende analisar as receitas farmacêuticas contidas num livro produzido no convento feminino das visitandinas de Lisboa, durante o século XVIII, no qual se encontram preparados de culinária a par de outros dedicados a questões de higiene, beleza e mezinhas utilizadas na época, numa mistura comum neste tipo de documentos, em que se entrelaçam permanências e ruturas.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Botica. Conventos. Freiras. Receitas. Portugal.
Host–parasite relationship modulates the effect of African mistletoe leaves on the cholinergic, monoaminergic and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in fruit fly
Authors: Oyeniran Olubukola H. , Ademiluyi Adedayo O. , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Mistletoe infests common plant trees of great medicinal values such as Moringa and Almond. According to folklore, mistletoe leaves have been found to have application as food and medicine in the alleviation of various degenerative diseases. Host–parasite relationship may possibly influence the phytochemical and biological activities of mistletoe leaves. Hence, we examined the polyphenol contents, antioxidant properties, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activities of African mistletoe leaves obtained from Moringa and Almond host plants in fruit fly in vitro.

Methods
The phenolic constituents of the leaves were evaluated using HPLC system. The antioxidant activities were determined through the ABTS, DPPH and OH free radicals scavenging properties, ferric (Fe3+) and malondialdehyde (MDA) reducing abilities and Fe2+ chelation. The inhibitory effects of the leaves aqueous extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE and MAO activities were also assessed.

Results
The HPLC characterization of the leaves revealed that host plants caused marked variation in their phenolic composition, however, Almond mistletoe leaves had significantly (p<0.05) greater amounts of phenolic constituents. Both Moringa and Almond mistletoe leaves reduced Fe3+ and MDA levels, scavenged free radicals, chelated Fe2+ and inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE and MAO activities with the Almond mistletoe leaves having significantly (p<0.05) higher antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory activities.

Conclusions
This present study indicated that host plants could positively modulate the phenolic profile of mistletoe leaves and this probably brought about the vivid noticeable changes in their antioxidant abilities, cholinergic, monoaminergic and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities.
The potential positive epigenetic effects of various mind-body therapies (MBTs): a narrative review
Authors: Kripalani Simran , Pradhan Basant , Gilrain Kelly L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mind-body therapies (MBTs), such as mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and tai-chi, are said to improve quality of life by contributing to positive thinking and reducing overall distress. MBTs not only play a role in reducing stress and anxiety, but they are also found to epigenetically affect genes and other areas in our genomes that are implicated in inflammation, stress, and distress. This review analyzes the role of MBTs in reducing the epigenetic changes as reported in five previously conducted controlled studies found in the NCBI PubMed database. The methylation of the tumor necrosis factor gene, implicated in psychological distress, was shown to significantly decrease for the women who performed yoga. For people who took part in mindfulness meditation, there was a significant alteration in a variety of modifications of histone deacetylase enzymes as well as their expression patterns when compared to the control group. Other studies found that long-term meditators had slower biomarkers of aging, known as epigenetic clocks, and methylation in genes associated with immune cell metabolism and inflammation. Different genomic regions known as CpG dinucleotide sites (“CpG islands”) were also found to be epigenetically altered in participants of tai-chi. These controlled studies were promising evidence on the potential of MBTs to affect the epigenetics of an individual. This information will be useful in diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative measures, and can be an addition to western medicine, in a way that is more holistic and beneficial to the individual.
Molecular spaces and the dimension paradox
Authors: Carbó-Dorca Ramon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, the dimension or dimensionality paradox is defined and discussed in a dedicated context. This paradox appears when discrete vector representations of the elements of a molecular set are constructed employing several descriptor parameters, adopting specific values for each molecule. The dimension paradox consists in that when constructing discrete N-dimensional molecular vectors, the primal structure of the attached molecular set, chosen as a collection of different objects, cannot be well-defined if the number of descriptors N and the number of molecules M do not bear a convenient relation like:

N
≥
M

$N\ge M$

. This has implications for the linear independence of the vectors connected with each molecule.