bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ultradeep Multiband VLA Survey of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): Source Catalog and Number Counts
Authors: van der Vlugt D. , Algera H. S. B. , Hodge J. A. , Novak M. , Radcliffe J. F. , Riechers D. A. , Röttgering H. , Smolčić V. , Walter F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present ultradeep, matched-resolution Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations at 10 and 3 GHz in the COSMOS field: the COSMOS-XS survey. The final 10 and 3 GHz images cover ∼16 and

and reach median rms values at the phase center of 0.41 and 0.53 μJy beam−1, respectively. Both images have an angular resolution of ∼20. To account for the spectral shape and resolution variations across the broad bands, we image all data with a multiscale, multifrequency synthesis algorithm. We present source catalogs for the 10 and 3 GHz image with 91 and 1498 sources, respectively, above a peak brightness threshold of 5σ. We present source counts with completeness corrections included that are computed via Monte Carlo simulations. Our corrected counts at 3 GHz are consistent within the uncertainties with other results at 3 and 1.4 GHz but extend to fainter flux densities than previous direct detections. The 3 GHz number counts exceed the counts predicted by the semiempirical simulations developed in the framework of the SKA Simulated Skies project, consistent with previous P(D) analyses. Our source counts suggest a steeper luminosity function evolution for faint star-forming sources. The semiempirical Tiered Radio Extragalactic Continuum Simulation predicts this steeper evolution and is in better agreement with our results at 10 and 3 GHz within the expected variations from cosmic variance. In summary, the multiband, matched-resolution COSMOS-XS survey in the COSMOS field provides a high-resolution view of the ultrafaint radio sky that can help guide next-generation radio facilities.
Statistical Correlation between the Distribution of Lyα Emitters and Intergalactic Medium H i at z ∼ 2.2 Mapped by the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Liang Yongming , Kashikawa Nobunari , Cai Zheng , Fan Xiaohui , Prochaska J. Xavier , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Tanaka Masayuki , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Ito Kei , Shimakawa Rhythm , Nagamine Kentaro , Shimizu Ikkoh , Onoue Masafusa , Toshikawa Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The correlation between neutral hydrogen (H i) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and galaxies attracts great interest. We select four fields that include several coherently strong Lyα absorption systems at z ∼ 2.2 detected using background quasars from the whole SDSS/(e) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) database. Deep narrowband and g-band imaging are performed using the Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. We select 2642 Lyα emitter (LAE) candidates at z = 2.177 ± 0.023 down to the Lyα luminosity of L
Lyα
≈ 2 × 1042 erg s−1 to construct the galaxy overdensity maps, covering an effective area of 5.39 deg2. Combining the sample with the Lyα absorption estimated from 64 (e) BOSS quasar spectra, we find a moderate to strong correlation between the LAE overdensity δ
LAE and the effective optical depth τ
LoS in lines of sight, with P value = 0.09% or <0.01% when the field containing a significant quasar overdensity is included or excluded. Cross-correlation analysis also clearly suggests that up to 4 ± 1 pMpc, LAEs tend to cluster in regions rich in H i gas, as indicated by the high τ
LoS, and avoid the low τ
LoS regions where the H i gas is deficient. By averaging the τ
LoS as a function of the projected distance (d) to LAEs, we find a 30% excess signal at 2σ level at d < 200 pkpc, indicating the dense H i in the circumgalactic medium, and a tentative excess at 400 < d < 600 pkpc in the IGM regime, corroborating the cross-correlation signal detected at about 0.5 pMpc. These statistical analyses suggest that galaxy−IGM H i correlations exist on scales ranging from several hundred pkpc to several pMpc at z ∼ 2.2.
Magnetic Fields in Elliptical Galaxies: An Observational Probe of the Fluctuation Dynamo Action
Authors: Seta Amit , Rodrigues Luiz Felippe S. , Federrath Christoph , Hales Christopher A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fluctuation dynamos are thought to play an essential role in the evolution of magnetized galaxies, saturating within ∼0.01 Gyr and thus potentially acting as seeds for large-scale mean-field dynamos. However, unambiguous observational confirmation of the fluctuation dynamo action in a galactic environment is still missing. This is because, in spiral galaxies, it is difficult to differentiate between small-scale magnetic fields generated by a fluctuation dynamo and those due to the tangling of the large-scale field. We propose that observations of magnetic fields in elliptical galaxies would directly probe the fluctuation dynamo action. This is motivated by the fact that in ellipticals, due to their lack of significant rotation, the conventional large-scale dynamo is absent and the fluctuation dynamo is responsible for controlling the strength and structure of the magnetic field. By considering turbulence injected by Type Ia supernova explosions and possible magnetic field amplification by cooling flows, we estimate expected magnetic field strengths of

in the centers of quiescent elliptical galaxies. We use a semianalytic model of galaxy formation to estimate the distribution and redshift evolution of field strengths, tentatively finding a decrease in magnetic field strength with decreasing redshift. We analyze a historical sample of radio sources that exhibit the Laing–Garrington effect (radio polarization asymmetry in jets) and infer magnetic field strengths between

for a uniform thermal electron density and between

for the thermal electron density following the King profile. We examine observational techniques for measuring the magnetic field saturation state in elliptical galaxies, focusing on Faraday rotation measure grids, the Laing–Garrington effect, synchrotron emission, and gravitational lensing, and finding appealing prospects for future empirical analysis.
Efficient Direct Method for Self-gravity in 3D, Accelerated by a Fast Fourier Transform
Authors: Krasnopolsky Ruben , Martínez Mario Ponce , Shang 尚 Hsien 賢 , Tseng 曾耀 Yao-Huan 寰 , Yen 嚴健 Chien-Chang 彰 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Self-gravity calculations for 3D are expensive in terms of computational time. Several methods exist for this computation, for example multigrid and spectral methods. Unfortunately, these approaches require the imposition of boundary conditions, which can be either numerically expensive (direct Newtonian sums), artificial (periodicity assumptions), or potentially imprecise (multipolar expansions). In this work we present a novel direct numerical method to calculate the gravitational potential and forces by solving the Poisson equation without the need to prescribe artificial boundary conditions; this method, despite being direct, turns out to be efficient due to the possibility of using a fast Fourier transform for its implementation. For a grid having N zones in each dimension, the computational complexity of the method presented here is

, which is comparable with multigrid methods under no consideration of boundary settings. Finally, a numerical study shows this proposed method can achieve second order for calculations of both potential and forces.
First Fermi-LAT Solar Flare Catalog
Authors: Ajello M. , Baldini L. , Bastieri D. , Bellazzini R. , Berretta A. , Bissaldi E. , Blandford R. D. , Bonino R. , Bruel P. , Buson S. , Cameron R. A. , Caputo R. , Cavazzuti E. , Cheung C. C. , Chiaro G. , Costantin D. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , de Palma F. , Desiante R. , Di Lalla N. , Di Venere L. , Dirirsa F. Fana , Fegan S. J. , Fukazawa Y. , Funk S. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Giordano F. , Giroletti M. , Green D. , Guiriec S. , Hays E. , Hewitt J. W. , Horan D. , Jóhannesson G. , Kovac’evic’ M. , Kuss M. , Larsson S. , Latronico L. , Li J. , Longo F. , Lovellette M. N. , Lubrano P. , Maldera S. , Manfreda A. , Martí-Devesa G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Mereu I. , Michelson P. F. , Mizuno T. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. V. , Negro M. , Omodei N. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Paneque D. , Pei Z. , Persic M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Petrosian V. , Piron F. , Porter T. A. , Principe G. , Racusin J. L. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Rani B. , Razzano M. , Razzaque S. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Serini D. , Sgrò C. , Siskind E. J. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Tak D. , Troja E. , Valverde J. , Wood K. , Zaharijas G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present the first Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi-LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the γ-ray energy band (30 MeV–10 GeV) detected with a significance of ≥5σ over the years 2010–2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibits delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase, with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog observations of GeV emission from three flares originating from active regions located behind the limb of the visible solar disk. We report the lightcurves, spectra, best proton index, and localization (when possible) for all FLSFs. The γ-ray spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy γ-ray flares ever reported and provides a unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing a new window in solar physics to be opened.
Le monde « refait » des machinistes
Authors: Crunel Bérénice 
Published: January 2021

Au sein d’un Opéra de renommée mondiale, l’enquête menée en immersion auprès des machinistes fait apparaître la centralité d’un répertoire symbolique autonome, fortement inspiré des luttes et représentations du monde ouvrier. À travers des valeurs et références concurrentes de celles qui prédominent dans « la Maison », cet « esprit de brigade » renverse les stigmates qui pèsent sur ces salariés subalternes et soutient leurs capacités d’agir. Outre l’action syndicale, c’est un ensemble d’usages et de traditions infrapolitiques qui sont légitimées et permettent aux machinistes de s’accommoder en pratique de la violence symbolique et de la contrainte. Ce répertoire, qui n’est que relativement autonome, rend donc la domination « tenable » par la réaffirmation d’une dignité collective autant que par l’octroi de soupapes concrètes. Mais avec la diversification sociale de la brigade, liée au renforcement des profils techniques, s’accentuent des clivages entre, d’une part, les machinistes pour qui ce répertoire fait encore sens, pratiquement et politiquement, et d’autre part, ceux qui, plus éloignés du monde ouvrier et pouvant faire valoir d’autres ressources, développent des appropriations ambivalentes et critiques de « l’esprit de brigade ».
L’intelligence des plantes : révolution ou fiction ?
Authors: Dorly Claire 
Published: January 2021

Jusqu’à une époque récente, le monde végétal n’occupait qu’une place restreinte dans le domaine de la pensée contemporaine. Des progrès techniques ont permis de mettre à la disposition des botanistes des données qui amènent à questionner des notions fondamentales comme la vie et la mort. De nouvelles propriétés apparaissent chez les végétaux, donnant lieu à des interprétations anthropomorphiques. Il s’ensuit la nécessité d’un renouvellement des relations entre les humains et les végétaux. Certains scientifiques estiment que le temps est venu d’une révolution intellectuelle. L’auteure met au travail la notion de « conception du monde » élaborée par Jung, qu’elle confronte aux multiples aspects du changement.
L’écopsychologie ou le souffle poétique d’une révolution intellectuelle
Authors: Taleb Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

L’écopsychologie est un nouveau paradigme apparu dans les années 1990 aux États-Unis. Sa thèse principale est l’existence d’un continuum entre la psyché (vie intérieure, âme, conscience/inconscient, jardin secret) et la nature vivante, le cosmos animé. Dans ce continuum, qui repose sur une « unité du monde », circulent des images, des perceptions sensorielles, des sentiments, des pensées, des émotions, des intuitions, des formes. Même si elle est née dans le contexte de la prise de conscience de la gravité du drame environnemental, l’écopsychologie contemporaine peut être explorée selon les voies multiples de la connaissance objective et de l’expérience intérieure, avec la poésie, la parole scientifique, l’art, la spiritualité. Ici les philosophes et écrivains Theodore Roszak et Michel Cazenave seront nos guides.
L’écrit biographique, objet de transmission. Témoignage d’un biographe hospitalier
Authors: Cuynet Patrice , Cuinet Christelle 
Published: January 2021

Cet article livre le témoignage d’une « biographe hospitalière » qui rencontre des patients malades, souvent en fin de vie, afin d’accompagner leur souhait de transmettre un écrit, lettres ou livre autobiographique. Les auteurs mettent en valeur la vertu cathartique de l’objet livre et engagent ensuite une réflexion sur les enjeux de cet accompagnement créateur pour le narrateur et sa famille et sur le statut particulier de l’écrit comme objet médiateur dans la transmission de la mémoire familiale. Ainsi, l’objet livre peut notamment venir compenser le manque de ritualité autour de la mort à l’hôpital et apprivoiser l’idée de son proche décès, lui donner un sens, redonner à la personne malade un statut d’être de projet et de désir. Pour ceux qui restent, il est survivance de l’être aimé, trace d’une histoire singulière dans la mémoire collective, repère signifiant, ils devront s’approprier ce legs par des processus conscients ou inconscients d’identification qui impacteront leur construction identitaire.
Le devoir de vigilance : une innovation juridique entre continuités et ruptures
Authors: d’Ambrosio Luca 
Published: January 2021

Cette contribution analyse les origines de la notion de « devoir de vigilance ». À cette fin, elle reconstruit les rapports de filiation entre cette notion et celle de « due diligence » , devenue ces derniers temps une notion clé pour caractériser la responsabilité des États et des entreprises concernant les atteintes graves à des valeurs protégées par le droit international (environnement, santé, droits de l’homme, etc.). L’article vise ainsi à repérer les lignes de continuité ainsi que celles de rupture qui marquent l’introduction et la traduction du devoir de vigilance dans le système juridique français : les unes comme les autres permettront en effet de présenter les contours de cette innovation juridique et d’en saisir la portée dans le cadre du plus large processus d’institution d’une responsabilité juridique des entreprises dans l’horizon de la globalisation.
An Economic Analysis of Violent Crime
Authors: Sekeris Petros G. , van Ypersele Tanguy 
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article nous développons un modèle théorique permettant de mieux comprendre l’effet des lois sur le contrôle des armes à feu sur les crimes violents liés à l’appropriation de propriété privée. Nous supposons qu’une rencontre violente est coûteuse aussi bien pour un criminel que pour sa victime et nous identifions deux types d’équilibres : un équilibre violent en stratégie pure et un équilibre en stratégie mixte dans le cadre duquel le criminel est dissuadé avec une probabilité strictement positive. L’effet d’un assouplissement de la législation sur les armes à feu dépend du niveau des restrictions légales initiales en la matière, ainsi que du gain d’efficacité relatif de la victime et du criminel. Nous mettons au jour une possible relation en U-inversé entre la souplesse des lois sur les armes à feu et les investissements en activités violentes, ce qui permet de réconcilier des résultats empiriques antérieurs contradictoires.
Smart Sensor Network-Based Autonomous Fire Extinguish Robot Using IoT
Authors: Radha D. , Arun Kumar M. , Telagam Nagarjuna , Sabarimuthu M. 
Published: January 2021

Fire explosion is among the main reasons for death in the world. The urban spaces have a lot of population, many systems have control over fire detection but not over control of fire due to lack of functionalities. The operation of the robot depends on the android application on the smartphone. It can also be communicated using Wireless fidelity technology. The motion detection technology is embedded in it, which can identify the objects or obstacles. With Arduino microcontroller and IoT technology, this robot can send emergency alerts in critical conditions, explore the compounds, and effectively check for the fire. The entire robot was contained in the sensor-based network, and if the sensors fail to detect, the robot still will operate and extinguish fire with the help of an inbuilt camera. Finally, this robot is tested for operation in automated mode and live video buffering capability.
Chloroquine nasal drops in asymptomatic & mild COVID-19
Authors: Thakar Alok , Panda Smriti , Sakthivel Pirabu , Brijwal Megha , Dhakad Shivram , Choudekar Avinash , Kanodia Anupam , Bhatnagar Sushma , Mohan Anant , Maulik Subir K. , Dar Lalit 
Published: January 2021

Background & objectives:
Chloroquine (CQN) administered as nasal drops has the potential to achieve much greater local tissue levels than with oral/systemic administration. This trial was undertaken to study the efficacy and safety profile of topical nasal administration of CQN drops in reducing viral load and preventing clinical progression in early COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
This randomized clinical trial was done with a sample size of 60. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed asymptomatic patients or those with mild COVID-19 illness [National Early Warning Score (NEWS) ≤4] were included. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 manner. Control arm (standard supportive treatment, n=30) was compared with intervention arm (n=30) of standard treatment plus CQN eye drops (0.03%) repurposed as nasal drops administered six times daily (0.5 ml/dose) for 10 days. Outcome measures were adverse events and adherence; clinical progression and outcomes were measured by NEWS; sequential RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values were also noted on days 0, 3, 7 and 10.

Results:
Nasal CQN was associated with local irritation in seven and non-compliance in one of 30 patients. Eleven patients were excluded due to enrolment error (2 – recovered; 9 – false-positive referral), and 49 patients were analyzed as per modified intention-to-treat analysis. Clinical recovery was noted as similar with 100 per cent asymptomatic by day seven in both arms. Virological outcomes also indicated similarly improving Ct values in both arms, and similar proportion of patients transitioning to non-infectivity by day 10 (controls - 19/25; nasal CQN - 15/24). Nine false-positive patients with enrolment error and day 0 RT-PCR negative were initially uninfected but had continuing COVID-19 exposure and treatment as per randomization. Patients receiving nasal CQN (n=5) demonstrated stable Ct values from day 0 to 10, while patients with no nasal CQN (n=4) demonstrated significant dip in Ct value indicating to infection (Ct<35) and infectivity (Ct<33).

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present study suggests to the potential of topical nasal CQN in the prevention of COVID-19 infection if administered before the infection is established. No significant differences in clinical or virological outcome were however, demonstrated in patients with mild but established illness.
Endoscopic visualization-assisted corneal bee sting removal
Authors: Tyagi Mudit , Reddy Subhakar , Basu Sayan , Pappuru Rajeev R , Dave Vivek P 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
Deeply embedded corneal foreign bodies and intrastromal foreign body removal can often be a challenge. The aim of this report was to describe the utility of endoscopy in visualization and removal of an embedded corneal bee stinger.

Methods:
A 44-year-old male patient developed toxic keratopathy after injury from a bee stinger. On examination, the bee stinger was noted to be deeply embedded in the corneal stroma. A superficial keratectomy was initially attempted; however, the stinger was noted to be intrastromal and protruding into the anterior chamber and could not be removed. An Endoscopy-assisted visualization was used to remove the stinger.

Results:
The bee stinger was successfully removed and the patient's vision improved to 20/100 from an initial CFCF (counting fingers close to face) at time of presentation. At the end of 3 months follow-up, there was residual corneal edema along with cataractous changes in the lens as a sequelae of the initial bee sting injury. The patient subsequently underwent an endothelial keratoplasty along with phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and the final BCVA improved to 20/40.

Conclusion:
Endoscopyassisted visualisation of anterior chamber and angle structures can be valuable in removal of retained and deeply embedded corneal or intracameral foreign bodies.
Mucor in a Viral Land
Authors: Sen Mrittika , Lahane Sumeet , Lahane Tatyarao P , Parekh Ragini , Honavar Santosh G 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
COVID-19 infection, its treatment, resultant immunosuppression, and pre-existing comorbidities have made patients vulnerable to secondary infections including mucormycosis. It is important to understand the presentation, temporal sequence, risk factors, and outcomes to undertake measures for prevention and treatment.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective, interventional study on six consecutive patients with COVID-19 who developed rhino-orbital mucormycosis and were managed at two tertiary ophthalmic referral centers in India between August 1 and December 15, 2020. Diagnosis of mucormycosis was based on clinical features, culture, and histopathology from sinus biopsy. Patients were treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B with addition of posaconazole and surgical debridement of necrotic tissue.

Results:
All patients were male, mean age 60.5 ± 12 (46.2–73.9) years, type 2 diabetics with mean blood glucose level of 222.5 ± 144.4 (86–404) mg/dL. Except for one patient who was diagnosed with mucormycosis concurrently with COVID-19, all patients received systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19. The mean duration between diagnosis of COVID-19 and development of symptoms of mucor was 15.6 ± 9.6 (3–42) days. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus debridement, whereas two patients required orbital exenteration. At the last follow-up, all six patients were alive, on antifungal therapy.

Conclusion:
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening, opportunistic infection, and patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 are more susceptible to it. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and use of corticosteroids increase the risk of invasive fungal infection with mucormycosis which can develop during the course of the illness or as a sequelae. High index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and appropriate management can improve survival.