bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved detection and management of advanced HIV disease through a community adult TB‐contact tracing intervention with same‐day provision of the WHO‐recommended package of care including ART initiation in a rural district of Mozambique
Authors: Izco Santiago , Murias‐Closas Adrià , Jordan Alexander M , Greene Gregory , Catorze Nteruma , Chiconela Helio , Garcia Juan Ignacio , Blanco‐Arevalo Alejandro , Febrer Anna , Casellas Aina , Saavedra Belén , Chiller Tom , Nhampossa Tacilta , Garcia‐Basteiro Alberto , Letang Emilio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAIDS‐mortality remains unacceptably high in sub‐Saharan Africa, largely driven by advanced HIV disease (AHD). We nested a study in an existing tuberculosis (TB) contact‐tracing intervention (Xpatial‐TB). The aim was to assess the burden of AHD among high‐risk people living with HIV (PLHIV) identified and to evaluate the provision of the WHO‐recommended package of care to this population.MethodsAll PLHIV ≥14 years old identified between June and December 2018 in Manhiça District by Xpatial‐TB were offered to participate in the study if ART naïve or had suboptimal ART adherence. Consenting individuals were screened for AHD. Patients with AHD (CD4 < 200 cells/μL or WHO stage 3 or 4) were offered a package of interventions in a single visit, including testing for cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) and TB‐lipoarabinomannan (TB‐LAM), prophylaxis and treatment for opportunistic infections, adherence support or accelerated ART initiation. We collected information on follow‐up visits carried out under routine programmatic conditions for six months.ResultsA total of 2881 adults were identified in the Xpatial TB‐contact intervention. Overall, 23% (673/2881) were HIV positive, including 351 TB index (64.2%) and 322 TB contacts (13.8%). Overall, 159/673 PLHIV (24%) were ART naïve or had suboptimal ART adherence, of whom 155 (97%, 124 TB index and 31 TB‐contacts) consented to the study and were screened for AHD. Seventy percent of TB index‐patients (87/124) and 16% of TB contacts (5/31) had CD4 < 200 cells/µL. Four (13%) of the TB contacts had TB, giving an overall AHD prevalence among TB contacts of 29% (9/31). Serum‐CrAg was positive in 4.6% (4/87) of TB‐index patients and in zero TB contacts. All ART naïve TB contacts without TB initiated ART within 48 hours of HIV diagnosis. Among TB cases, ART timing was tailored to the presence of TB and cryptococcosis. Six‐month mortality was 21% among TB‐index cases and zero in TB contacts.ConclusionsA TB contact‐tracing outreach intervention identified undiagnosed HIV and AHD in TB patients and their contacts, undiagnosed cryptococcosis among TB patients, and resulted in an adequate provision of the WHO‐recommended package of care in this rural Mozambican population. Same‐day and accelerated ART initiation was feasible and safe in this population including among those with AHD.
Prevalence and correlates of COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in the general public in Iraqi Kurdistan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow vaccine acceptance is a major barrier to vaccination coverage in every health system. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of the COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in a sample of the general population in Iraqi Kurdistan. The general population with both genders with different educational levels and sociodemographic characteristics from the Duhok governorate was eligible to participate in this cross‐sectional study in 2021. Therefore, an online Google form was sent to main pages and social groups through two main social media platforms. To obtain a representative sample of individuals with different educational levels, the author visited the main shopping center in Duhok city to collect the information from illiterate and low‐level education individuals. The study found that 83.5% (n = 773) of the participants have not received and 51.4% (n = 476) did not intend to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine. A small percentage has not decided to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine yet (n = 17, 1.8%). The intention to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine was increased with increasing level of education; 25.9%, 26.7%, 39.8%, and 53.6% in illiterate, under high school, high school, and college and higher, respectively (p < 0.0001). Healthcare workers were more likely to intend to receive a COVID‐19, 57.5% vs 40.1%, p < 0.0001. Individuals who had concerns about the side effects of a COVID‐19 vaccine were more likely to not receive and not intend to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine. Prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy was high in this region and was correlated with lower education and concerns about side effects.
Resveratrol regulates intestinal barrier function in cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Song Xu , Liu Lin , Peng Shuwei , Liu Tao , Chen Yaqin , Jia Renyong , Zou Yuanfeng , Li Lixia , Zhao Xinghong , Liang Xiaoxia , Tang Huaqiao , Yin Zhongqiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDResveratrol, a kind of polyphenolic phytoalexin, can be obtained from numerous natural foods. Although resveratrol is demonstrated to have various bioactivities, little is known about the regulation of intestinal barrier function under immunosuppression. The present study is aimed at investigating the regulatory effect of resveratrol on intestinal barrier function in immunosuppression in mice induced by cyclophosphamide.RESULTSThe effects of resveratrol on intestinal biological barrier were evaluated by 16S rRNA and metagenome sequencing analysis. The results showed that resveratrol could improve diversity of the intestinal microbiota and intestinal flora structure by increasing the abundance of probiotics, and resveratrol regulated the function of gut microbiota to resist immunosuppression. Resveratrol could significantly upregulate the secretion of secretory immunoglobulin A and promote the transcriptional levels of test cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin 4 and interleukin 6 in jejunum and ileum mucosa, suggesting improved intestinal immune barrier by resveratrol. The mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins involved in intestinal physical barrier function, including zonula occludens 1 (ZO‐1), claudin 1 and occludin, were increased after resveratrol treatment. The protein levels of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylation nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB‐p65) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase α were decreased by resveratrol treatment when compared with the untreated group, indicating inhibition of the TLR4/NF‐ĸB signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONThese results provide new insights into regulation of the intestinal barrier function by resveratrol under immunosuppression and potential applications of resveratrol in recovering intestinal function. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Erosion–corrosion behavior of aluminum in a 50°C ethylene glycol aqueous solution simulating cooling water in HVDC transmission
Authors: Tian Yingfu , Li Huixi , Wang Shengping , Fan Youping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe erosion–corrosion of aluminum in a 50 °C ethylene glycol aqueous solution (EGAS) was studied. Compared with that in deionized water, the corrosion of aluminum in an EGAS was inhibited to a certain extent. The corrosion potential, corrosion current, and charge transfer impedance of aluminum changed from −1.5776 V, 380.4 nA cm−2, and 1.924 × 10−4 Ω cm−2in deionized water to −1.3127 V, 285.5 nA cm−2, and 4.041 × 10−4 Ω cm−2in a 45.3 vt% EGAS, respectively. Ethylene glycol did not ionize in deionized water and the ionic conductivity of the EGAS was low, effectively restraining the corrosion of aluminum. However, a test with aluminum in an EGAS after long‐term storage (9 days) showed that ethylene glycol gradually oxidized to glycolic acid, oxalic acid, and other substances, which slowly corroded the aluminum surface. Analysis results showed that the corrosion products on the surface of aluminum were Al(OH)3and Al2O3. The pitting hole formation mechanism of aluminum occurs via an aluminum–alcohol phase formed on the aluminum surface, which can inhibit the dissolution of the oxide film. Therefore, a suitably concentrated EGAS with a high heat capacity and low ionic conductivity similar to that of deionized water can be used as a coolant in airtight valve cooling systems for high‐voltage direct‐current transmission.
Effect of AC interference on the corrosion behavior of cathodically protected mild steel in an artificial soil solution. Part I: Investigation on formed corrosion product layer
Authors: Markić Mario , Arat Serkan , Fürbeth Wolfram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAC‐induced corrosion is a big threat even for cathodically protected pipelines nowadays. While this phenomenon was intensively investigated in the last decades, the corrosion mechanisms due to AC interference remain unclear. In the present work, investigations on the surface processes on cathodically protected mild steel during AC polarization have been performed. They utilized high‐speed potential measurements that have demonstrated the influence of the polarization parameters on the resulting alternating voltage. The corrosion product layer was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and Raman spectroscopy, which clearly show the effect of the parameters of the applied alternating current on the surface under different cathodic protection (CP) conditions. It was demonstrated that the properties of the formed corrosion product layer, meaning the layer thickness, amount of oxygen, and so on, is not only dependent on the AC polarization parameters but also on the CP potential itself.
Rapid Fabrication of Patterned Gels via Microchannel‐Conformal Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Shen Haixia , Wang Hao‐Peng , Wang Cai‐Feng , Zhu Liangliang , Li Qing , Chen Su 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrom the perspective of both fundamental and applied science, it is extremely advisable to develop a facile and feasible strategy for fabricating gels with defined structures. Herein, the authors report the rapid synthesis of patterned gels by conducting frontal polymerization (FP) at millimeter‐scale (2 mm), where a series of microchannels, including linear‐, parallel‐, divergent‐, snakelike‐, circular‐ and concentric circular channels, were used. They have investigated the effect of various factors (monomer mass ratio, channel size, initiator concentration, and solvent content) on FP at millimeter‐scale, along with the propagating rule of the front during FP in these microchannels. In addition, we developed a new microfluidic‐assisted FP (MFP) strategy by combining the FP and microfluidic technique. Interestingly, the MFP can realize the production of hollow‐structured gel in a rapid and continuous fashion, which have never been reported. Our work not only offers an effective pathway towards patterned gels by the microchannel‐conformal FP, but also gives new insight into the continuous production of hollow‐structured materials. Such a method will be beneficial for fabricating vessel and scaffold materials in a flexible, easy‐to‐perform, time and energy saving way.
Age and Growth of Yellowfin Tuna in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic
Authors: Pacicco Ashley E. , Allman Robert J. , Lang Erik T. , Murie Debra J. , Falterman Brett J. , Ahrens Robert , Walter John F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Age, growth, and mortality were estimated for Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares from the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic Ocean. During 2004–2017, 3,443 Yellowfin Tuna were sampled, primarily from recreational landings off the coast of Louisiana (90%). Based on reading otoliths, ages ranged from 1 to 18 years, with younger fish (&lt;4 years) representing the majority (78%) of the age-classes. Otolith weight was allometrically related to fish age (r2 = 0.91), which suggests that it may be a useful tool in indirectly estimating age given the challenges associated with directly aging tropical tunas. Based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), the Richards growth model had the most parsimonious fit to the length-at-age data (average maximum length L∞ = 1,658 mm, growth coefficient k = 0.23 year−1, a = 1.04, b = 0.45) compared to the von Bertalanffy growth model (L∞ = 1,589 mm, k = 0.36 year−1, theoretical age at zero length t0 = −0.8 year; AIC difference = 26.21), which had a relatively poor fit. The size-modified Richards model, which assumed a truncated error structure at the minimum size limit (686 mm curved fork length [CFL]) in fishery-dependent collections, improved the fit in the smallest individuals and was therefore the preferred model. Males and females had similar maximum ages (18 and 17 years, respectively) but showed significant differences in growth, with males reaching a larger L∞ than females (size-modified Richards: 1,706 versus 1,568 mm CFL, respectively). Baseline natural mortality (M) using a maximum age of 18 years was 0.346 and was then scaled across age-classes. These growth and mortality estimates and the individual age data have been used in improving stock assessments for Yellowfin Tuna to support scientific management.
Exome sequencing identifies a disease variant of the mitochondrial ATP‐Mg/Pi carrier SLC25A25 in two families with kidney stones
Authors: Jabalameli M. Reza , Fitzpatrick Fiona M. , Colombo Roberto , Howles Sarah A. , Leggatt Gary , Walker Valerie , Wiberg Akira , Kunji Edmund R. S. , Ennis Sarah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCalcium kidney stones are common and recurrences are often not preventable by available empiric remedies. Their etiology is multifactorial and polygenic, and an increasing number of genes are implicated. Their identification will enable improved management.MethodsDNA from three stone‐formers in a Southampton family (UK) and two from an Italian family were analyzed independently by whole exome sequencing and selected variants were genotyped across all available members of both pedigrees. A disease variant of SLC25A25 (OMIM 608745), encoding the mitochondrial ATP‐Mg/Pi carrier 3 (APC3) was identified, and analyzed structurally and functionally with respect to its calcium‐regulated transport activity.ResultsAll five patients had a heterozygous dominant SLC25A25 variant (rs140777921; GRCh37.p13: chr 9 130868670 G>C; p.Gln349His; Reference Sequence NM_001006641.3). Non‐stone formers also carried the variant indicating incomplete penetrance. Modeling suggests that the variant lacks a conserved polar interaction, which may cause structural instability. Calcium‐regulated ATP transport was reduced to ~20% of the wild type, showing a large reduction in function.ConclusionThe transporter is important in regulating mitochondrial ATP production. This rare variant may increase urine lithogenicity through impaired provision of ATP for solute transport processes in the kidney, and/or for purinergic signaling. Variants found in other genes may compound this abnormality.
Poly(Ethylene Glycol‐block‐2‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxazoline) as Cathode Binder in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chien Yu‐Chuan , Jang Hohyoun , Brandell Daniel , Lacey Matthew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFunctional binders constitute a strategy to overcome several challenges that lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are facing due to soluble reaction intermediates in the positive electrode. Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) are in this context a previously well‐explored binder mixture. Their ether and amide groups possess affinity to the dissolved sulfur species, which enhances the sulfur utilization and mitigates the parasitic redox shuttle. However, the immiscibility of PEO and PVP is a concern for electrode stability. Copolymers comprising ether and amide groups are thus promising candidates to improve the stability the system. Here, a series of poly (ethylene glycol‐block‐2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) with various block lengths is synthesized and explored as binders in S/C composite electrodes in Li‐S cells. While the electrochemical analyses show that although the sulfur utilization and capacity retention of the tested electrodes are similar, the integrity of the as‐cast electrodes can play a key role for power capability.
Understanding the impact of fiber orientation on mechanical, interlaminar shear strength, and fracture properties of jute–banana hybrid composite laminates
Authors: Prashanth Maruthi , Gouda P. S. Shivakumar , Manjunatha T. S. , Banapurmath N. R. , Edacheriane Abhilash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJute and banana fibers are biodegradable green fibers being increasingly used to replace synthetic fibers in fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. Integration of jute and banana distinct natural fibers has the potential to improve composite performance in secondary structural applications. In this study, an equal quantity of unidirectional jute and banana fibers with four different fiber orientations [(0/0)3s, (0/45)3s, (0/90)3s, and (+45/−45)3s] was embedded in phenol formaldehyde resin to make hybrid laminates using the hot press method. Tensile, flexural, impact, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and single‐end notch bend tests are performed in accordance with the ASTM standards to evaluate the effect of fiber orientation on natural fiber hybrid composites (NFHCs). Experimental results revealed that changing the fiber orientations [(0/0)3s] leads to a major impact on reducing the mechanical properties of NFHC laminates to the extent of 39%. Furthermore, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, impact and ILSSs, and fracture toughness were found to be 37% higher for the (0°/0°)3scomposite. Additionally, tensile, flexural, and impact fractured specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy to understand the fiber–matrix failure behavior due to inter‐ply orientation in NFHCs.
Harmonious personality and work–family conflicts: The multiple mediating roles of social support and self‐control
Authors: Chen Yidi , Gao Lingling , Lippke Sonia , Xiang Zhaohui , Gan Yiqun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the multiple mediating roles of social support and self‐control in the relationship between harmonious personality and work–family conflict. A total of 143 Chinese adults (137 male, 95.8%; aged 30.25 ± 7.85 years) participated in this longitudinal study. Data were collected at three time points, at intervals of 1 month. Self‐report questionnaires measuring social demographics and harmonious personality (Time 1), self‐control and social support (Time 2), and work–family conflict (Time 3) were administered. Self‐control and work–family conflict were negatively correlated. The relationship between harmony and work–family conflict was mediated by self‐control and social support. Possible paths were self‐control and multiple mediation by social support and self‐control. Our results confirmed the multiple mediating roles of social support and self‐control in the relationship between harmonious personality and work–family conflict. To achieve a better work–family balance, it is important not only to establish a harmonious interpersonal perspective and to enhance the social support from employers, colleagues, and family but also to ensure adequate self‐control resources.
A study on the aromaticity and ring currents of polycyclic neutral oxocarbon isomers
Authors: Yusufujiang Ailizire , Kerim Ablikim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, topological resonance energy (TRE) methods and ring current (RC) methods were used to describe the global aromaticity of a series of polycyclic neutral oxocarbon isomers. The observed trends in aromaticity are explained. Our results obtained using the TRE method are compared with those obtained using the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) method as reported in the literature. The bond resonance energy (BRE) and circuit resonance energy (CRE) indices were applied to study the local aromaticity of oxocarbons. The aromaticity of the individual rings of each of the polycyclic neutral oxocarbon isomers studied was assessed using the Hückel–London ring current (RC) model. The results regarding the local aromatic and antiaromatic states of the individual rings as obtained using the BRE and CRE indices show direct correspondence with the RC results, which indicate the strength of the diatropic and paratropic currents within those rings.
TMEM106B in humans and Vac7 and Tag1 in yeast are predicted to be lipid transfer proteins
Authors: Levine Tim P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTMEM106B is an integral membrane protein of late endosomes and lysosomes involved in neuronal function, its overexpression being associated with familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and point mutation linked to hypomyelination. It has also been identified in multiple screens for host proteins required for productive SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Because standard approaches to understand TMEM106B at the sequence level find no homology to other proteins, it has remained a protein of unknown function. Here, the standard tool PSI‐BLAST was used in a nonstandard way to show that the lumenal portion of TMEM106B is a member of the late embryogenesis abundant‐2 (LEA‐2) domain superfamily. More sensitive tools (HMMER, HHpred, and trRosetta) extended this to predict LEA‐2 domains in two yeast proteins. One is Vac7, a regulator of PI(3,5)P2 production in the degradative vacuole, equivalent to the lysosome, which has a LEA‐2 domain in its lumenal domain. The other is Tag1, another vacuolar protein, which signals to terminate autophagy and has three LEA‐2 domains in its lumenal domain. Further analysis of LEA‐2 structures indicated that LEA‐2 domains have a long, conserved lipid‐binding groove. This implies that TMEM106B, Vac7, and Tag1 may all be lipid transfer proteins in the lumen of late endocytic organelles.
Developing a new undergraduate pharmacology core curriculum: The British Pharmacological Society Delphi Method
Authors: Wallace Melisa J. , Zecharia Anna , Guilding Clare , Tucker Steven , McFadzean Ian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe British Pharmacological Society (BPS) developed a new core curriculum for undergraduate pharmacology degrees. To do this, a modification of the Delphi Process was used. Initially, a pharmacology educator workshop was hosted to explore the core attributes expected of pharmacology graduates. We then developed these discussions into knowledge, skills, and attitudes statements and sent them, in the form of a questionnaire, to our Expert Group, which included pharmacology professionals from across academia and industry. In an iterative process, the Expert Group were asked to rank each statement according to how much they agreed it was a core graduate attribute. Where there was disagreement, statements were modified according to feedback. After three rounds of questionnaires, we had a draft core curriculum which was then finalized through a discussion workshop with the education community. In this workshop, practical aspects of curriculum implementation were discussed and the potential for the Society to develop resources to support it considered. The revised core curriculum is freely available on the Society website: https://www.bps.ac.uk/media‐library‐assets/library/undergraduate‐pharmacology‐core‐curriculum. Several examples exist of the curriculum making an impact within and beyond the United Kingdom, where it has been utilized in a quality assurance context, as a tool for curriculum review and also to guide building new programs. Through a series of further expert workshops, the BPS Education and Training committee is currently developing more granular learning outcomes to accompany the core curriculum alongside recommended resources to enable delivery. In addition, this expanded curriculum is also being reviewed and updated to ensure it is fully inclusive and represents the diversity of pharmacology educators and learners worldwide.