bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Features of Ovarian Cancer Morbidity of Women in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kuanyshkaliyeva Ardak , Turgambayeva Assiya , Igissinov Nurbek 
Published: June 2021

Ovarian cancer is 4‐6% among cancers in women and is ranked seventh in frequency.In Kazakhstan, the death rate from cancer is the second largest in the structure of mortality. Every year about 17,000 people die of cancer, including 42% ‐ people of working age. Despite advances in modern medicine, there remains the annual increase in the number of patients with malignant tumors, with an average of 3.5% to 5%.Research material included data of oncological institutions in the country, about new cases of ovarian cancer. Calculated crude, age and standardized incidence per 100 000 female population. Trends of the incidence are defined with the least squares method.Over the study period in Kazakhstan were registered 8523 new cases of ovarian cancer. The age distribution was as follows: up to 30 years ‐ 544 (6.4%), 30‐39 ‐ 705 (8.3%), 40‐49 ‐ 1822 (21.4%), 50‐59 ‐ 2093 (24, 6%), 60‐69 ‐ 1919 (22.5%) and 70 years and over ‐ 1440 (16.9%). The average age of patients with ovarian cancer was 54,1 ± 0,2 years (T = ± 0.02%). In the dynamics of the average age of the patients had a slight tendency to “aging” (T = 0.02%). Crude incidence rate of ovarian cancer was 9,9 ± 0,1 (95% CI = 9.6‐10.2), and was statistically higher (p <0.05) than the ASR 9,0 ± 0,1 (95% CI = 8, 8‐9,2).Thus, the incidence of ovarian cancer in Kazakhstan had a tendency to increase. In addition, for the age‐specific incidence revealed a unimodal growth with a peak incidence in the 60‐69 years, where the incidence trends were most pronounced. Further epidemiological study of ovarian cancer in Kazakhstan will be a priority for future research.
Increased Mitochondrial Mutational Load Correlates with the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in the Nile Rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)
Authors: Osborne Adam , Wangh Lawrence , Hayes Kenneth 
Published: June 2021

It is critically important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. One such mechanism could be mitochondrial dysfunction in organs such as the liver. It is not known if the buildup of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) mutations (mutational load; ML) leads to dysfunction and diabetes, e.g. via insulin resistance brought about by mtDNA ML in the liver. The association between diabetes and hepatic mtDNA mutations was studied over the course of type 2 diabetes onset and progression in Nile rats, a novel model of diet‐induced diabetes that recapitulates the human disease. Age‐matched diabetic and non‐diabetic wild‐type rats were scored for disease incidence and severity using random blood glucose (RBG), hyperlipidemia, and hepatic pathology after 8‐21 weeks on diabetogenic diets after weaning. Hepatic mtDNA mutations were measured in the D‐loop and ND3 regions using digital LATE‐PCR with Lights‐On/Lights‐Off probes. Initial results showed that diabetic rats exhibited greater mutational load than the healthy controls. In separate studies mutations preceded the onset of diabetes (see intermediate rats) and palm fruit juice, an extract from the oil palm shown to delay diabetes in the Nile rat, reduced the number of mutations observed in diabetic rats (table). Mutational load did not correlate well with the severity of diabetes.

Status
(n)
RBG (mg/dl)
30’ OGTT (mg/dl)
Avg. ML
Liv%bdwt

Healthy
7
62 ± 9
205 ± 65
41 ± 10a, b
2.9 ± 0.3

Intermediate
7
77 ± 18
281 ± 76
70 ± 10a
2.6 ± 0.8

Diabetic
7
316 ± 214
527 ± 81
67 ± 10b
4.4 ± 0.8

Healthy
3
60 ± 30
NA
14 ± 7c, e
NA

Diabetic‐PFJ
3
372 ± 85
NA
67 ± 2c, d
NA

Diabetic+PFJ
3
239 ± 19
NA
30 ± 6c, d, e
NA

Intermediate Phenotype = low RBG levels, elevated oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Average liver weight as a percent of body mass.This research implicates that mitochondria mutagenesis plays a role in disease onset. Such mtDNA damage may serve as a potential molecular biomarker for type 2 diabetes.Supported by a grant from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board.
DHA/EPA Consumption by Pregnant Women in Louisiana
Authors: Thaxton Carly , Drewery Merritt , Gaitan Adriana , Pinkston Rakeysha , Seidemann Ericka , Elkind‐Hirsch Karen , Durham Holiday , Lammi‐Keefe Carol 
Published: June 2021

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 recommends consumption of 8‐12 oz of seafood/week for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding to achieve an average DHA+EPA intake of 200‐250 mg/day. In an on‐going study of overweight pregnant women in Louisiana we assessed, by repeated 24‐hour dietary recalls using the U of Minnesota Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR), intake of seafood and fatty acids. Women were 20‐34 y of age and entered the study at 17‐20 wks of pregnancy. Depending on when women had been recruited into the study, women to date had completed 1‐7 recalls. On average, women (n=8) consumed 46 mg/day of dietary DHA+EPA and with supplementation, 225 mg (n=7). The range of dietary DHA+EPA intake, without supplementation (prenatals /other commercially available supplements) was 8‐101 mg/day and with supplementation, 72‐408 mg/day. Without supplementation with DHA+EPA, 8/8 of the women were consuming <200 mg/day DHA+EPA. Seven of 8 women reported supplementation and 2 of 7 women who supplemented consumed <200 mg DHA+EPA/day. Fish consumed included shrimp, crab, catfish, and fish sticks. The data point to a need for nutrition education for pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and women of childbearing ages regarding the importance of consuming fish varieties that are good sources of long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.Funded in part by: LSU Undergraduate Research Grant (C Thaxton); USDA AFRI 2012‐67017‐19293 (CJL‐K); and LSU AgCenter.
Intake of Fish and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cognitive Deficit From Mild Impairment to Severe Disease: Dose‐response Meta‐analysis of 24 Independent Cohort Studies
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jiao Jingjing 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the intake of fish and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the risk of cognitive deficit.MethodsThe Pubmed and Embase databases were searched. Studies reporting risk estimates for cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), or Alzheimer's disease (AD) from fish, total PUFA, total n‐3 PUFA, or at least one n‐3 PUFA were included. The summary relative risks (RR) were estimated by categorical and dose‐response analysis.ResultsTwenty‐four cohort studies (29 publications) with a total population of 218 145 were included. The dietary intake of fish was inversely associated with the risk of cognitive deficit (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.88). Additionally, a 20 g/day or 1 serving/week increment of daily fish was associated with 11% and 9% lower risks of cognitive deficit, respectively. Two types of marine n‐3 PUFA were significantly associated with the risk of cognitive deficit (EPA: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; DHA: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99), but their associations did not appear to be significant in a dose‐response effect. The plant n‐3 PUFA ALA was not categorically associated with the risk of cognitive deficit, but a 0.1 g/day increment of ALA intake led to a 2% reduction of the risk in the dose‐response meta‐analysis.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggested a protective effect of fish consumption on cognitive deficit. Marine‐derived n‐3 PUFA was associated with the risk of cognitive deficit, but not in a dose‐response way.
Cognition and Synaptic‐Plasticity Related Changes in Aged Rats Supplemented With 8‐ and 10 Carbon Medium Chain Triglycerides
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Pannerec Alice , Feige Jerome , Christinat Nicholas , Masoodi Mojgan , Mitchell Ellen 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that cognition is improved by providing AD patients with an alternate energy source: ketones derived from either ketogenic diet or supplementation with medium chain triglycerides (MCT). Recently, data on the neuroprotective capacity of MCT‐derived medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) suggest octanoic and decanoic acid have direct, cognition‐enhancing properties unrelated to ketone production.MethodsWe investigated the cognitive and weight effect of MCT‐8, MCT‐10 or sunflower oil (5%) over 8 weeks in 21 month old male Wistar rats.ResultsDecanoic acid levels in plasma of MCT‐10‐treated rats were higher than of octanoic acid levels in plasma of MCT‐8‐treated rats, indicating a possible slower metabolism of MCFA‐10. Social recognition was improved in both MCT arms compared to the control arm (p<0.02), but only the MCT‐10 group demonstrated improved novel object recognition memory (p<0.04) compared to control. qPCR analysis of cortex transcription showed that genes related to synaptic plasticity (Arc, Egr2, Plk3) were downregulated by both MCT treatments, while only the MCT‐8 diet increased beta‐glucosidase (Gba2) and voltage‐gated sodium channels (Scn5a). Interestingly, only MCT‐8 treatment increased forebrain IRS‐1 phosphorylation (pS312) and synaptophysin, and only MCT‐10 treatment increased Akt phosphorylation (pS473).ConclusionThese results demonstrate that treatment of 8‐ and 10‐carbon length MCTs in aged rats have differential effects on genes, protein expression and behavior that may be independent of ketone production.
Liquid vs. Solid Added Sugar Intake and Measures of Adiposity Among U.S. Teens
Authors: Brumme Christina , Welsh Jean 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSugar‐sweetened beverage consumption has been linked to increased adiposity but it is unknown if a similar association exists with sugars consumed in foods. The purpose of this study was to determine if the association between sugars and adiposity differs by the physical form in which they are consumed.MethodsData from one 24‐hour dietary recall was used to estimate the intake of added sugars in foods and in beverages among 1,796 adolescent participants (12‐19 y) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009‐2010. Weighted linear regression and analytical methods that account for the complex sampling methods were used to test the association between sugar intake and body‐mass‐index percentile (BMI%) and waist circumference (WC).ResultsMean added sugar intake was 16.2 tsp/daily in foods (solid) and 19.9 tsp/daily in beverages (liquid). In a Model I controlling for demographics, physical activity, BMI% or WC, total energy, fat, and other carbohydrate intake, each additional teaspoon of liquid added sugar was associated with greater WC. This association was maintained when total energy was added in Model 2 (WC +0.07 cm per each tsp liquid sugar; p=0.03). There was no significant association between liquid sugars and BMI% or between solid sugars and either WC or BMI% in either Model 1 or 2.ConclusionThe results of this cross‐sectional analysis demonstrate a positive association between liquid sugar consumption and WC but show no association between liquid sugar and BMI percentile or between solid sugars and either WC or BMI.
Nudging Adolescents towards Plant‐Based Foods within a School Food Environment
Authors: Ensaff H , Homer M , Sahota P , Braybrook D , Coan S , McLeod H 
Published: June 2021

With growing evidence for the health benefits of a plant‐based diet, and adolescents' diets typically marked by poor food choices, this study's objective was to evaluate the impact of changes to the choice architecture within a secondary school canteen on students' plant‐based food choices. A set of small changes to nudge students towards specific food items (whole fruit, fruit salad, vegetarian main meals, sandwiches containing salad) was implemented for six weeks during the academic year 2013‐14. Data (>200 000 transactions) from the cashless system employed in the school canteen enabled students' food choices (980 students) for the academic year (188 days) to be examined. Students' selections at baseline (29‐week period), intervention (6‐week period) and post‐intervention (3‐week period) were compared. Selection of the designated food items increased significantly during the intervention and post‐intervention periods compared to baseline (baseline 1.2%; intervention 2.9%; post‐intervention 2.2%) χ2(2)=328.18, p<0.001. Logistic regression analysis revealed the independent effect of the intervention on the uptake of these items. Controlling for student year group, free school meal entitlement (a measure of socioeconomic status), day of the week and price – students were 2.5 times more likely (p<0.001) to select the designated items during the intervention period, than at baseline. Small changes to the choice architecture nudged students towards more plant‐based food choices. The results evidence the role schools and choice architecture can play in improving adolescents' dietary behavior.Grant Funding Source: Alpro Foundation
Where do US Households Shop? Understanding the Sociodemographic Characteristics that Predict Shopping Pattern Membership
Authors: Stern Dalia , Ng Shu Wen , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe examined the combination of stores where US households shop for food and sociodemographic predictors of shopping patterns.MethodsWe conducted cross‐sectional analysis of US households' shopping patterns using Nielsen Homescan. Store type was classified using 2012 information into: warehouse‐club; convenience/drug/dollar; ethnic/specialty; grocery chains (蠅10 stores); mass‐merchandisers; independent (<10 stores); and other. Cluster analysis was used to derive shopping patterns (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012). Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify whether specific subpopulations, defined by race and income characteristics, were associated with shopping patterns in 2012.ResultsFrom 2003 onwards, we found three shopping patterns: grocery‐chain cluster, mass‐merchandise/grocery‐chain cluster and combo store cluster. The proportion of households belonging to the grocery‐chain cluster decreased from 59.6% in 2003 to 50.7% in 2012, increased from 15.6% in 2003 to 21.9% in 2012 for mass‐merchandisers/grocery‐chain cluster and remained stable for the combo store cluster. Predicted probabilities for grocery‐chain cluster membership show no race‐ethic differences amongst low‐income households; however Hispanic/low‐income households had a significantly lower probability (vs. white‐non Hispanic/low‐income) to belong to the mass‐merchandise/grocery‐chain cluster and higher probability to belong to the combo store cluster.ConclusionsContrary to research on food desserts, low income and other US households shop for food at a variety of store‐types. These complex varied patterns must be considered in policy initiatives.
Differential Serving Sizes of High β Glucan Oatmeal Elicit Lower Glycemic Response than Rice Cereal
Authors: Wolever Thomas , Jenkins Alexandra , Campbell Janice , Spruill Susan , Richard Black , Harkness Laura , van Klinken Jan‐Willem 
Published: June 2021

To determine impact of serving size and cereal type along with addition of sugar on the glycemic response (GLR) elicited by oatmeal, we compared the GLR over 2 hr elicited by 30, 40 and 60g high β glucan (5.2%) Classic Quaker Quick Oats (18, 24 and 36g available carbohydrate (CHO), respectively) and by 30g Oats plus 9g sugar (sucrose) with those after available CHO matched portions (22, 29, 44 and 33g, respectively) of Cream of Rice cereal (Control) in 38 healthy subjects (mean±SD age 40±12 yr, BMI 26.4±3.6 kg/m²).As serving size increased, incremental area under the curve (AUC), peak rise (PR), rate of decline (RD) and time to baseline (Tb) for blood glucose increased significantly for both cereals.Time to peak (Tp) tended to increase with serving size (significant only for Oats).Overall mean AUC, PR and RD, respectively for oats without sugar were 24%, 25%and 24% less than those after Control (all p<0.05). The GLR after Oats plus sugar was compared to that after 33g Control without sugar (both test meals contained 27g available CHO). After Oats plus sugar AUC, PR and RD were significantly lower than after 33g Control without sugar by 29%, 15% and 23%, respectively.It is concluded that high β glucan Oatmeal elicits a lower glycemic response than Cream of Rice cereal. Measures of GLR tended to increase with increased serving size but the rate of change of some of the measures varied for the different cereals. Adding sugar to Oatmeal elicits a significantly lower GLR than a serving of Cream of Rice cereal containing the same amount of available carbohydrate.
Effects of high‐fat diet intake and endurance training on CLOCK gene in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Fujii Hisao , Tamazaki Chihiro 
Published: June 2021

【Objective】Excess caloric intake is associated with the development of obesity. A number of recent studies suggest that attenuation of CLOCK gene amplitude by high‐fat diet causes obesity. Normalizing to the CLOCK gene amplitude can be considered to contribute for the prevention of obesity. Also endurance training has the effect for prevention of obesity, but influence on the disorder of CLOCK gene by high‐fat diet intake is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high‐fat diet intake and endurance training on CLOCK gene in rat skeletal muscle. 【Methods】Adult male Wistar rats (∼260 g) were used. Animals were randomly divided into three groups; control diet (CON), high‐fat diet (HF) and high‐fat diet+ training (HF+Tr). The CON animals were received a standard diet. HF and HF+Tr animals were received high‐fat diet containing of 62% fat as calories. All animals were feeding two times per day. The rats of each group were provided equal food volume per day for six weeks. HF+Tr animals were exercised on treadmill (90 min/day and 5 days a week). The mRNA expression of CLOCK genes (Bmal1, Clock, and Per2 ) in skeletal muscle were tested at four points (ZT2, ZT8, ZT14 and ZT20) . 【Results and Conclusion】 The body weight of HF was heavy significantly compared with CON and HF+Tr. In skeletal muscle Bmal1 and Per2 gene expressions were not affected by high‐fat diet. On the other hand, the amplitude of Clock expression was attenuated in the HF and HF+Tr. In the present study, we consider the attenuation of Clock expression in skeletal muscle might be caused by lipid metabolism abnormality. Therefore, high‐fat diet intake was suggested to become obesity.
Comparing Effects of Native and Nanoencapsualted Epigallocatechin Gallate on Liver Fat Content in LDL Receptor Null Mice
Authors: Li Chuan , Zhang Jia , Nie Shufang , Cao Jun , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe successfully synthesize epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) nanocarriers (E‐nano), which have anti‐atherogenic and anti‐inflammatory bioactivities. But their effects on liver fat, primarily triglyceride, content have not been known yet. Therefore, we compared the effects of native EGCG and different types of E‐nano on liver fat content in LDL receptor null (LDLr‐/‐) mice.MethodsMice were fed an atherogenic diet and received weekly intravenous injection of the following 6 treatments for 20 weeks: saline, high dose (25 mg/kg body weight) of EGCG (EGCG‐H), E‐nano (E‐nano‐H), macrophage‐targeting E‐nano (TE‐nano‐H), and low dose (10 mg/kg body weight) of E‐nano (E‐nano‐L), macrophage‐targeting E‐nano (TE‐nano‐L). Liver lipids were extracted by a chloroform/methanol mixture. Liver triglyceride content was measured using an enzymatic method. Liver fat content was determined using an EchoMRI scanning method.ResultsCompared to other treatments, native EGCG significantly decreased liver fat content in LDLr‐/‐ mice. Both the enzymatic method and EchoMRI scanning demonstrated the similar results.imageimageConclusionsNative EGCG, not nanoencapsulated EGCG, decreased liver fat content in LDLr‐/‐ mice fed an atherogenic diet.Grant Funding Source: NIH 1R15AT007013‐01, Scholarship of Nanchang University.
Children with Epilepsy With Different Baseline Blood Beta‐hydroxybutyrate Have Similar Blood Beta‐hydroxybutyrate and Response on Ketogenic Therapy
Authors: Allen Hannah , Pacheco Giselle , Lennon Dylan , Lukosaityte Jurate , Borum Peggy 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChildren with epilepsy may have fasting blood beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BOB) similar to (low BOB) or higher than (high BOB) healthy children, which could reflect differences in metabolism or usual diet. BOB increases in children with epilepsy on Ketogenic Therapy (KT), where fat is most of the Calories, but it is unclear if children with low or high BOB at baseline respond differently to KT.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that both groups of children with epilepsy (low or high BOB) can respond to KT with a reduction in seizures and need for antiepileptic drugs (meds).MethodsPatients were divided into low or high BOB group at baseline. BOB, seizure response, and med response were collected 1.5 to 3.5 years on KT. Seizure response and med response (including aspects of seizures or meds in addition to number) were determined the month BOB was collected. Seizure response and med response are a percent change from baseline where 0% reflects 0 seizures or meds.ResultsLow BOB group was significantly different (p<0.001) from high BOB group at baseline. BOB, seizure response, and med response were not significantly different between the two groups at 1.5‐3.5 years on KT.

BOB at baseline
Baseline
1.5‐3.5 years on KT

BOB (mg/dL)
BOB (mg/dL)
Seizure Response (%)
Med Response (%)

Low (n=10)
4.2 (2.4)*
32.6 (17.6)
50.0 (86.5)
27.2 (32.2)

High (n=10)
20.7 (11.1)
41.5 (14.9)
27.2 (41.8)
60.2 (45.9)

Data are mean (± SD), * is (p<0.001) compared to highConclusionChildren with epilepsy with different baseline blood BOB have similar BOB, seizure response, and med response on KT for 1.5‐3.5 years on KT.Supported in part by the NIH/NCATS CTSA to the University of Florida UL1 TR000064
Human Milk Intake and Pesticide Transfer in Agricultural and Urban Areas of Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Limon‐Miro Ana , Aldana‐Madrid Maria , Antunez‐Roman Lesley , Alvarez‐Hernandez Gerardo , Rodriguez‐Olivarria Guillermo , Valencia Mauro 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBreast milk is considered the best way to feed newborn babies in order to achieve optimal growth, development and health. Despite being essentially sterile and safe, people may be exposed to various pollutants when living in different environments.ObjectiveTo measure human milk production by isotopic techniques, mother's body composition and pesticide transfer to babies through human milk in agricultural and urban areas of Sonora, Mexico.MethodsHuman milk intake was determined by the dose‐to‐the‐mother technique using deuterium oxide dilution. Likewise, mother's body composition was assessed by the intercept method. Organochlorine pesticide residues (p,p'‐DDT, p,p'‐DDE, p,p'‐DDD) and pyrethroids (deltamethrin , cypermethrin and cyhalothrin) in breast milk samples where measured by gas chromatography.Results62 lactating women and their infants participated in the study, 32 where urban residents and 30 lived in the agricultural area. There was a difference of approximately 100 mL on the daily milk intake between the study areas (799 mL in the agricultural area and 707 mL in urban participants (p< 0.05)). The concentrations of DDT metabolites were higher in the urban group (p< 0.002), however none of the samples exceeded the safe limits established by the Environmental Protection Agency and FAO/WHO.ConclusionBreast milk intake was higher in agricultural areas in Sonora compared to the urban region. Consumption of human milk by infants, can still be considered a safe feeding practice in these environments.