bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide profile in DNA methylation in goat ovaries of two different litter size populations
Authors: Kang Beining , Wang Junjie , Zhang Hongfu , Shen Wei , El‐Mahdy Othman Othman , Zhao Yong , Min Lingjiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough some studies have investigated the DNA methylation modification in goat ovaries, it is not understood DNA methylation related to goat litter size. This investigation was designed to explore the DNA methylation status in the ovaries of high litter size and low litter size groups using whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We found that there was global difference on DNA methylation in high litter size and low litter size goat ovaries. Many differentially methylated region‐related genes (DMGs) were found in the ovaries of these two different goat populations. Moreover, enrichment analysis discovered that many DMGs were involved in gamete development, reproductive system development, wingless‐type MMTV integration site family (WNT) signalling pathways and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK) signalling pathways. The data indicated that DNA methylation in goat ovaries may play important roles in the folliculogenesis, the oocyte ovulation rate and finally the litter size. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of genome‐wide DNA methylation patterns in ovaries of high and low litter size goat which helps the understanding of ovarian DNA methylation in relation to goat fertility capability.
Clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease
Authors: King Jonathan N. , Seewald Wolfgang , Forster Sophie , Friton Gabriele , Adrian Derek E. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvaluate the clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease (CMSD).AnimalsFour hundred forty‐nine client‐owned cats with CMSD.MethodsPooled analysis of safety variables from 4 prospective randomized blinded clinical trials of robenacoxib (n = 222) versus placebo (n = 227), administered orally once daily for 4 to 12 weeks. Safety was evaluated from reported adverse events (AEs) and abnormalities detected on hematology and serum and urine chemistry analyses.ResultsThe number of cats with at least 1 AE was not significantly different (P = .15) with robenacoxib (n = 106, 47.8%) compared to placebo (n = 93, 41.0%). The relative risk of at least 1 AE (incidence robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.93‐1.43). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of clinical signs (range, 0‐9) per cat (P = .23). Serum creatinine concentrations were higher during robenacoxib administration compared to placebo (+4.36 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval 0.21‐8.50), but no related adverse clinical effects were detected. In the subgroup of 126 cats with evidence of chronic kidney disease, the relative risk of at least 1 AE (robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.78‐1.52, P = .61).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRobenacoxib was not associated with increased risk of AEs compared to placebo when administered for 4 to 12 weeks to cats with CMSD. The generalizability of the results to general practice is limited by the fact that cases with severe and uncontrolled concomitant diseases were not included.
Specialized morphology, not relatively large head size, facilitates competition between a small‐bodied specialist and large‐bodied generalist competitors
Authors: Barends J. M. , Maritz B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterspecific competition for limited resources should theoretically occur between species that are morphologically similar to each other. Consequently, species that reduce competition by adapting to specialize on a specific resource should be morphologically disparate to sympatric contemporaries and show evidence of phenotypic specialization. However, few studies have compared the morphologies of specialist and generalist competitors. In this context, we compare the feeding morphology and diet of an obligate, specialist, bird‐egg‐eating snake to three sympatric generalists that only facultatively consume bird eggs. We measured and compared body and head morphology of preserved museum specimens of each of four, syntopic snake species from southern Africa: the obligate bird‐egg‐eating rhombic egg‐eater (Dasypeltis scabra), and the facultative bird‐egg‐eating boomslang (Dispholidus typus), cape cobra (Naja nivea) and mole snake (Pseudaspis cana). Given the physical challenges of consuming bird eggs in snakes, we predicted that consumption of bird eggs would be facilitated by the evolution of relatively larger heads in the smaller‐bodied Dasypeltis. We found that head size was not phylogenetically conserved in the clades of these taxa and that contrary to our expectations, the specialist egg‐eaters evolved to possess significantly smaller heads relative to body size than their competitors. We found a positive relationship between dietary niche breadth and head size within these species and their close relatives. Thus, relatively large‐headed species have evolved diverse diets that overlap with the restricted diets of the small‐headed specialist thereby producing this atypical competitive interaction. Our findings suggest that specialized adaptations can decouple typical body‐size‐constrained competition dynamics between sympatric snake species and highlight the complexity of the origins of dietary specialization.
Étienne Gilson's Early Social and Political Thought
Authors: Fafara Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent resurrection and rediscovery of Gilson's early political writings broaden the traditional view of Gilson by allowing us to see him as a serious, engaged, political thinker. This essay traces the background of Gilson's early political thought, the beginnings of a dramatic change both in Gilson's activity and writings in the late 1920s, possible reasons for that change, and focuses on Gilson'sPour un ordre catholique(For the Establishment of a Catholic Order). This emblematic work of Gilson's early political thought, which is a practical application of his Christian philosophy, remains relevant to addressing serious religious and political issues confronting Catholics today.
JMJ27‐mediated histone H3K9 demethylation positively regulates drought‐stress responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Qiongli , Liu Peng , Jing Hua , Zhou Xiao Feng , Zhao Bo , Li Yuan , Jin Jing Bo 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) is associated with heterochromatinization and transcriptional gene silencing in plants. The activation of sets of genes by drought stress is correlated with reduced H3K9me2 levels, but the role of H3K9 methylation in the regulation of drought‐stress responses remains elusive.

Here, we show that the Jumonji domain‐containing H3K9 demethylase JMJ27 positively regulates drought‐stress responses through its histone demethylase activity. RNA‐seq analysis identified JMJ27‐regulated genes, including positive regulators of drought stress GALACTINOL SYNTHASE 2 (GOLS2) and RESPONSE TO DESICCATION 20 (RD20). Genetic analysis demonstrated that JMJ27 positively regulates drought‐stress responses at least partly through GOLS2 and RD20.

JMJ27 directly associated with GOLS2 and RD20, and protected these loci from silencing by reducing H3K9me2 levels under normal conditions. REGULATORY PARTICLE NON‐ATPASE 1a (RPN1a), a subunit of the 26S proteasome, interacted with JMJ27 and negatively regulated JMJ27 accumulation. Drought stress diminished RPN1a abundance, resulting in increased JMJ27 abundance. The drought stress‐promoted occupancy of JMJ27 at GOLS2 and RD20 chromatin may reinforce their transcriptional induction by locally reducing the H3K9me2 levels.

These results indicate that the RPN1a‐JMJ27 module precisely regulates dynamic H3K9me2 deposition plasticity, ensuring proper adaptation to drought stress in Arabidopsis.
Taxation: A Regulatory Multilevel Governance Perspective
Authors: Rixen Thomas , Unger Brigitte 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article makes four claims: First, tax systems at the national, regional and global level are regulatory systems. They can and should be studied as that. Second, taxation is an important extension to regulatory scholars’ empirical field of inquiry. It is a hard case to test prominent theories of new, softer modes of governance. Third, in the era of liberalization and globalization tax governance exhibits similar institutional changes as regulatory governance. It has changed (1) from national to multi‐level governance, (2) from public and direct to indirect with increased involvement of private actors, and (3) from hierarchical and coercive to cooperative and responsive. Fourth, since the global financial crisis, the new sites of tax governance have increasingly been involved in the fight against tax evasion and avoidance and have become more politicized. These claims are substantiated by reference to the contributions to the special issue that this article introduces.
Well‐posedness and control in a hyperbolic–parabolic parasitoid–parasite system
Authors: Colombo Rinaldo M. , Rossi Elena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe develop a time and space‐dependent predator—prey model. The predators' equation is a nonlocal hyperbolic balance law, while the diffusion of prey obeys a parabolic equation, so that predators“hunt”for prey, while prey diffuse. A control term allows to describe the use of predators as parasitoids to limit the growth of prey–parasites. The general well‐posedness and stability results here obtained ensure the existence of optimal pest control strategies, as discussed through some numerical integrations. The specific example we have in mind is that ofTrichopria drosophilæused to fight against the spreading ofDrosophila suzukii.
Efficacy and adverse events of continuousl‐asparaginase administration for canine large cell lymphoma of presumed gastrointestinal origin
Authors: Nakagawa Taisuke , Kojima Mari , Ohno Koichi , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Ohmi Aki , Goto‐Koshino Yuko , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examined the efficacy and adverse events of continuousl‐asparaginase administration in dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumedgastrointestinal (GI) origin. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumed GI origin treated with continuousl‐asparaginase administration from 2009 to 2018. We collected information on the signalment, lesion site, complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, diagnostic imaging findings, cytological and histopathological findings, immunophenotype,l‐asparaginase administration frequency, treatment response, adverse events, rescue protocol, and patient outcomes. Clinical outcomes were assessed using medical records or by contacting the owner or referring veterinarian. Thirty‐two dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumed GI origin received weeklyl‐asparaginase administration. The median number ofl‐asparaginase injections was seven (range: 1–30). Although two of the 32 dogs had GI toxicity of grade 3 or higher, none developed a hypersensitivity reaction. The response rate based on ultrasonographic findings was 18/32 (56%) and that based on clinical signs was 30/32 (94%). The median overall progression‐free survival was 50 days (range: 2–214 days), and median overall survival was 147 days (range: 2–482 days). Adverse events associated with continuousl‐asparaginase administration were rare. Clinical signs at diagnosis improved in most cases. Based on these results, continuousl‐asparaginase administration appears to be a reasonable treatment option for dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumed GI origin.
Energy potential of household fats, oils and grease waste
Authors: Collin Thomas , Cunningham Rachel , Deb Melani , Villa Raffaella , MacAdam Jitka , Jefferson Bruce 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn comparison to fats, oils and grease (FOG) found in commercial and industrial effluents, very little is known about FOG discharged at household level. To address this shortcoming, household FOG production was calculated following a year‐long monthly collection at 2.3 kg/year per household, equivalent to 0.8 kg/year per capita. In the United Kingdom, these numbers translate in an annual estimated FOG production of 62 380 tonnes. Physico‐chemical characterization of household FOG showed promising results for biodiesel production. Biomethane yield was measured at 875 mL CH4/g VSadded, twice as much that of sewage sludge, making it a desirable substrate for anaerobic digestion. It was thus estimated that energy recovery from household FOG through anaerobic co‐digestion or biodiesel production could generate about 490 GWh/year in the United Kingdom. However, insights from participants revealed that most of this waste is currently not recovered, requiring the development of schemes fitting with households' routine to maximize collection rates.
Neurotización: concepto clave en reparación nerviosa
Authors: Barreto Niño Ana Maria , Nieto Ramírez Luis Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

La neurotización es el fenómeno por el cual un brote axonal alcanza la estructura de un nervio periférico lesionado, coloniza un tejido y produce en este, la función que tiene determinado el cuerpo celular al cual pertenece esta prolongación axonal.
Los tipos de neurotización dependen del tejido a inervar, teóricamente cualquier tejido podría ser neurotizado, siendo utilizados la neurotización nerviosa, ya sea del mismo nervio o con un nervio diferente. Esta revisión tiene el objetivo de explicar los diferentes tipos de neurotización.
Quaternary chronology and rock uplift recorded by marine terraces, Gaviota coast, Santa Barbara County, California, USA
Authors: Morel Daniel L. , Morell Kristin D. , Keller Edward A. , Rittenour Tammy M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Transverse Ranges of southern California are a region of active transpression on the western margin of North America that hosts some of the world's highest uplift rates at the Ventura anticline. Yet, the manner in which rock uplift rates change along strike from Ventura to the westernmost Transverse Ranges and the structures that may be responsible for this uplift remain unclear. Here, we quantified rock uplift rates within the westernmost 60 km of the Transverse Ranges by obtaining new age constraints from raised beach and shoreface deposits from marine terraces along the Gaviota coast. Twelve radiocarbon (seven sites) and eight luminescence (six sites) ages, ranging from ca. 50 to 40 k.y. B.P. and ca. 56 to 43 ka, respectively, consistently suggest that the first emergent terrace dates to marine isotope stage (MIS) 3, rather than MIS 5a as previously reported for the western Gaviota coast. These younger ages yield rock uplift rates between 0.8 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.4 m/k.y., i.e., over five times higher than previous estimates for this region. The spatial distribution of rock uplift rates and the abrupt along-strike changes in marine terrace elevations favor a regional tectonic model with a step-wise change in rock uplift across the south branch of the Santa Ynez fault. The south branch of the Santa Ynez fault appears to separate two regional tectonic blocks, characterized by rock uplift rates of ∼1.3–1.6 m/k.y. to the east and slightly lower rates to the west (∼0.8–1.4 m/k.y.). Our observations suggest that coastal rock uplift is primarily accommodated by deeply rooted far-field structures such as the offshore Pitas Point–North Channel fault system and the Santa Ynez fault, and that smaller through-going structures impart second-order controls and locally accommodate short-wavelength (&lt;10-km-long strike length) deformation. These results imply that although the rates of rock uplift decline westward along strike, the westernmost portion of the western Transverse Ranges nonetheless accommodates relatively high (&gt;1 m/k.y.) rock uplift rates at a significant distance (&gt;50 km) from the rapidly uplifting (6–7 m/k.y.) Ventura anticline, and &gt;100 km from the prominent restraining bend (“Big Bend”) in the San Andreas fault. The new constraints on the geometry of Quaternary-active structures and regional rates of fault-related deformation have implications for regional earthquake source models and seismic hazard assessment in the highly populated southern California coast region.
Evaluating the role of topographic inversion in the formation of the Stanislaus Table Mountains in the Sierra Nevada (California, USA)
Authors: Gabet Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Table Mountains, a flat-topped series of ridges capped by a 10.4 Ma latite flow in the Stanislaus River watershed, are considered to be evidence for late Cenozoic uplift-driven landscape rejuvenation in the northern Sierra Nevada range (California, USA). The commonly accepted theory for the formation of these mesas posits that the latite flowed and cooled within a bedrock paleovalley and, since then, the surrounding landscape has eroded away, leaving behind the volcanic deposit as a ridge. Although this theory is accepted by many, it has not been thoroughly tested. In this study, I examine a series of geological cross-sections extracted along the length of the latite deposit to determine whether the evidence supports the existence of bedrock valley walls on both sides of the 10.4 Ma flow. I find that the presence of older Cenozoic deposits adjacent to the latite flow precludes the possibility that the flow would have been constrained within a bedrock valley. Moreover, the cross-section from an 1865 report that has been offered as evidence of topographic inversion (and subsequently reproduced in numerous publications) does not accurately represent the topography at that site. I conclude that there is no evidence that the bedrock topography has been inverted and that instead, the latite flowed within a channel cut into underlying Cenozoic deposits, which have since mostly eroded away. This study, therefore, refutes the hypothesis that the Stanislaus River watershed was rejuvenated in the late Cenozoic and challenges the claim for recent significant uplift of the region.
Sr isotopes in the Tortonian-Messinian Lake Bira and Gesher marshes, Northern Valleys of Israel: Implications for hydroclimate changes in East Mediterranean–Levant margins
Authors: Rozenbaum A.G. , Stein M. , Zilberman E. , Gelband D. Shaked , Starinsky A. , Sandler A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract87Sr/86Sr isotope and Sr/Ca ratios in lacustrine carbonates were used to reconstruct the hydroclimate conditions in the watershed of Lake Bira that filled during the Tortonian-Messinian the tectonic depressions of the Northern Valleys of Israel in the East Mediterranean-Levant region. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Tortonian (ca. 10–8 Ma) carbonates of ∼0.7075 and the great expansion of the lake indicate wet conditions and enhanced supply of freshwater from the regional Mesozoic aquifers. Upon the transition to the Messinian period (ca. 7–6 Ma), the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the carbonates rose to ∼0.7080–0.7085, reflecting the contribution of Sr from Sahara Desert dusts that came to comprise the regional surface cover. This contribution is also reflected in the silicate fraction of the lacustrine formations that show “granitic-crustal” 87Sr/86Sr ratios of ∼0.711. During the Messinian salinity crisis (5.9–5.6 Ma), the region became arid and Lake Bira possibly dried. Later, during the Lago Mare stage (ca. 5.5–5.3 Ma), the rainfall increased and paludal waterbodies scattered the area of the larger Lake Bira.
Metamorphism and geochronology of high-pressure mafic granulites (retrograded eclogites?) in East Cathaysia terrane of South China: Implications for Mesozoic tectonic evolution
Authors: Xia Yanfei , Yin Changqing , Lin Shoufa , Zhang Jian , Qian Jiahui , Wu Shangjing , Liu Jingna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh-pressure mafic granulites (retrograded eclogites?) were discovered as minor lenses enclosed in garnet-kyanite-cordierite gneiss from the Badu Complex of the East Cathaysia terrane in South China. These rocks consist mainly of garnet, clinopyroxene, hornblende, quartz, and rutile/ilmenite with or without omphacite pseudomorphs that are indicated by clinopyroxene + sodic plagioclase symplectic intergrowths. Mineral textures and reaction relationships suggest three metamorphic stages: (1) an eclogite-facies stage (M1) characterized by the mineral assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene (omphacite) + hornblende + rutile + quartz; (2) a high-pressure granulite-facies (M2) stage mainly represented by garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + hornblende + rutile + quartz in the matrix; and (3) an amphibolite retrograde stage (M3) defined by hornblende + plagioclase + ilmenite + quartz symplectites surrounding garnet porphyroblasts. Conventional geothermometers and geobarometers in combination with phase equilibria modeling constrain metamorphic P–T conditions of 15.8–18.2 kbar/625–690 °C (M1), 11.8–14.5 kbar/788–806 °C (M2), and 5.4–6.4 kbar/613–668 °C (M3), respectively. Two-staged decompression processes are defined after the peak pressure, which suggests a two-staged exhumation of these deeply buried rocks. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U-Pb dating and trace element analysis show that the high-pressure metamorphism occurred at 240–244 Ma. Complete early Mesozoic orogenic processes characterized by initial subduction and/or crustal thickening and subsequent exhumation followed by rapid uplift are reconstructed for this part of the East Cathaysia terrane, South China.
Early Pleistocene–to–present paleoclimate archive for the American Southwest from Stoneman Lake, Arizona, USA
Authors: Staley Spencer E. , Fawcett Peter J. , Anderson R. Scott , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong, continuous records of terrestrial paleoclimate offer insights into natural climate variability and provide context for geomorphological studies, climate model reconstructions, and predictions of future climate change. STL14 is an 80 m lacustrine sediment core that archives paleoenvironmental changes at Stoneman Lake, Coconino County, Arizona, from the early Pleistocene (ca. 1.3 Ma) to present. Full-core sedimentology was analyzed using smear slides and core face observations. Lithofacies strongly correlate with wet bulk density and bulk magnetic susceptibility (MS), and these data resemble a sawtooth pattern characteristic of glacial-interglacial climate cycles. A linkage between deep to shallow lake depth transitions and glacial terminations is supported by an age model that incorporates accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates and tephrochronology of ashes from the Lava Creek B and multiple Long Valley, California, volcanic eruptions. We correlated middle and late Pleistocene glacial maxima to deep lake deposits defined by well-preserved bedding, increased biosilica, boreal pollen taxa (i.e., Picea), and lower density and MS. Interglacial periods are associated with shallow-water deposits characterized by banded-to-massive siliciclastic material, some authigenic calcite, the alga Phacotus, and higher density and MS. Prior to the marine isotope stage (MIS) 24–22 interval, smaller-amplitude changes in the lake environment suggest milder glacial conditions compared to those of the middle and late Pleistocene. Thus, abrupt intensification of glacial conditions may have occurred ca. 900 ka in the American Southwest, mirroring a global characteristic of the mid-Pleistocene transition. The STL14 record suggests that lake environments throughout the history of this small (3.5 km2), internally drained, basaltic catchment are sensitive to the regional hydrologic balance, which, at orbital time scales, is largely influenced by the northern cryosphere and associated changes in atmospheric circulation. The predominance of quartz in sediment throughout the record indicates significant eolian inputs. Few paleoclimate records from this region extend beyond the last glacial cycle, let alone the middle Pleistocene, making STL14 a valuable resource for studying environmental responses to a range of natural climate states and transitions throughout much of the Quaternary.