bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Eurasian strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795), is established in North America
Authors: Franklin Michelle T. , Hueppelsheuser Tracy K. , Abram Paul K. , Bouchard Patrice , Anderson Robert S. , Gibson Gary A.P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a species native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, as established in British Columbia, Canada. This is the first report of A. rubi in North America. We provide a diagnosis of the species and compare it with other species of the genus Anthonomus Germar in Canada. This species is a pest of plants in Rosaceae Jussieu, including economically important berries such as strawberries (Fragaria Linnaeus) and raspberries (Rubus idaeus Linnaeus), and of native berries of importance to Indigenous peoples in Canada. Female weevils oviposit eggs inside developing flower buds and sever flower stalks, facilitating larval development inside damaged buds and thus reducing fruit yields. Surveys to confirm the presence of A. rubi conducted in 2020 found the weevil to be well established in cultivated and wild hosts throughout the Greater Vancouver area and Fraser Valley, British Columbia. At least one species of parasitoid wasp in the genus Pteromalus Swederus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) has been found in association with A. rubi in the province. Future investigations are required to understand the biology of A. rubi in its new range, assess its impact on berries, and develop management strategies.
Anatomic Distribution of Intravenously Injected IgG Takes Approximately 1 Week to Achieve Stratum Corneum Saturation in Vaginal Tissues
Authors: Carias Ann M , Schneider Jeffrey R , Madden Patrick , Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon , Araínga Mariluz , Pegu Amarendra , Cianci Gianguido C , Maric Danijela , Villinger Francois , Mascola John R , Veazey Ronald S , Hope Thomas J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
i.v. injected Abs have demonstrated protection against simian HIV infection in rhesus macaques, paving the way for the Antibody Mediated Prevention trial in which at-risk individuals for HIV received an i.v. infusion of the HIV broadly neutralizing Ab VRC01. However, the time needed for these Abs to fully distribute and elicit protection at mucosal sites is still unknown. In this study, we interrogate how long it takes for Abs to achieve peak anatomical levels at the vaginal surface following i.v. injection. Fluorescently labeled VRC01 and/or Gamunex-C were i.v. injected into 24 female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with vaginal tissues and plasma acquired up to 2 wk postinjection. We found that Ab delivery to the vaginal mucosa occurs in two phases. The first phase involves delivery to the submucosa, occurring within 24 h and persisting beyond 1 wk. The second phase is the delivery through the stratified squamous epithelium, needing ∼1 wk to saturate the stratum corneum. This study has important implications for the efficacy of immunoprophylaxis targeting pathogens at the mucosa.
Effect of combinations of dexamethasone-ondansetron and dexamethasone-ondansetron-aprepitant versus aprepitant alone for early postoperative nausea and vomiting after day care gynaecological laparoscopy
Authors: Thanuja Ingilala L , Parida Satyen , Mishra Sandeep K , Badhe Ashok S 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims:
This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of the combination of dexamethasone–ondansetron with oral aprepitant alone and triple combination therapy with all three agents (dexamethasone-ondansetron and oral aprepitant) in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in day care gynaecologic laparoscopy.

Methods:
This was a randomised clinical trial conducted at a university teaching hospital. A total of 105 female patients were randomised into the aprepitant (A), dexamethasone-ondansetron (DO) and aprepitant-dexamethasone-ondansetron (ADO) groups. The patients in the A group received only 80 mg oral aprepitant 1 h before surgery. The patients in the DO group, received dexamethasone 8 mg at induction with ondansetron 4 mg before extubation. Patients in the ADO group received 80 mg oral aprepitant 1 h before surgery, dexamethasone 8 mg at induction and ondansetron 4 mg before extubation. Incidence of nausea and vomiting was compared between groups using the Chi-square test/Fisher's test. Bellville score for severity of PONV was analysed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. P value < 0.05 was regarded as significant.

Results:
The incidence of PONV did not show a statistically significant difference between the three groups, with a P value of 0.13 (12.5%, 30.3% and 32.3% in groups ADO, DO and A, respectively). The severity of PONV measured using Bellville score was also not significantly different among the groups [median values (IQR) of 0 (0-0), 0 (0-1), and 0 (0-1)].

Conclusion:
The combination of aprepitant, dexamethasone and ondansetron failed to demonstrate a statistically significant superiority over the other two antiemetic regimens.
All India Difficult Airway Association guidelines in practice—A survey
Authors: Kaniyil Suvarna , Pavithran Priyanka , Rajesh MC , Arun Krishna AK , Venugopal Vijeesh , Samuel Shoba Jacob 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims:
The All India Difficult Airway Association (AIDAA) has come up with difficult airway (DA) guidelines to suit the Indian context. We conducted an online survey with the primary aim to find out the awareness about AIDAA guidelines and adherence to them in clinical practice. The secondary aims were to explore variations in practice with respect to experience or the type of the institute.

Methods:
An online web-based questionnaire survey was sent to all practising anaesthesiologists who attended an airway workshop. The validated and piloted questionnaire consisted of 23 questions and the practice patterns were asked to be graded on a Likert scale of four.

Results:
The response rate was 66%. Awareness about AIDAA guidelines was high (81%) but adherence varied. Apnoeic nasal oxygen insufflation was always practised by only 19.59%.Only 79.7%of the respondents always used capnography to confirm intubation. While 23.64% did not ensure a safe peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) level of 95% to do repeat laryngoscopy, 64% chose supraglottic devices after three failed laryngoscopic attempts. A departmental debriefing of a DA event and issuing an alert card to the patient was practised by 58.78% and 52.7%, respectively. Although 50% had training to do cricothyrotomy, only 41% had ready access to a cricothyrotomy set in their workplace. The use of capnography was more prevalent in private institutions. The survey revealed a safety gap with some recommendations like debriefing of a DA event, alert card, nasal oxygenation etc.

Conclusion
Awareness about AIDAA guidelines is high among our practising anaesthesiologists, but adherence to the recommendations varied and there is room for improvement, especially for debriefing a DA event, issuing an alert card, the use of capnography and nasal oxygenation.
Can saline injection protect phrenic nerve? – A randomised controlled study
Authors: Srinivasan Karthikeyan Kallidaikurchi , Ryan John , Snyman Lindi , O'Brien Ciara , Shortt Conor 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims:
Various methods were attempted to reduce the incidence of phrenic nerve palsy during interscalene brachial plexus nerve block. Mechanism of phrenic palsy was presumed to be due to the spread of local anaesthetic anterior to the anterior scalene muscle. We hypothesised that by injecting saline in this anatomical location prior to performing an interscalene block might reduce the incidence of phrenic palsy.

Methods:
This was a double-blinded randomised controlled study performed in a single-centre, university-teaching hospital. A total of 36 patients were randomised to either group C (conventional group) or group S (saline group). Ultrasound-guided interscalene block was administered with 20 ml of 0.25% levo-bupivacaine in both groups. Ten ml of normal saline was injected anterior to anterior scalene muscle in group S prior to performing interscalene block. A blinded radiologist performed diaphragmatic ultrasound pre- and post-operatively to document phrenic palsy. Bedside spirometry was used to perform baseline and post-operative pulmonary function test. The primary outcome was to look at the incidence of phrenic palsy as measured by diaphragmatic palsy on ultrasound performed by radiologist. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Significantly less patients in the saline group developed diaphragmatic paresis when compared to conventional group (44% vs. 94%, Chi-squared = 10.01, P = 0.002). There was no difference in post-operative pain, subjective sensation of dyspnoea or patient satisfaction between the groups.

Conclusion:
Injecting saline anterior to anterior scalene muscle reduces the incidence of diaphragmatic palsy when performing interscalene block.
İstanbul’da Bir Üretim Mirası: 19. Ve 20. Yüzyıl Aralığında Aydınlatma Tasarımının Zamandizini
Authors: FIRAT EZENCİ Zeynep , ALTUNCU Damla 
Published: June 2021

Elektrik enerjisi, sanayi devrimi ile birlikte yaklaşık son iki yüz yıldır aydınlatma alanında kullanılmaktadır. Ancak elektrik enerjisi kullanılmadan önce, farklı enerji kaynakları ile mekanlarda aydınlatma sağlanmıştır. Mekanları aydınlatabilmek için ise, çeşitli aydınlatma araçları kullanılmış ve zaman içerisinde evrim geçirerek farklı tasarımlarla karşımıza çıkmıştır. Aydınlatma kaynaklarının değişimi, aydınlatma elemanları üzerinden takip edilebilir olmuştur. Aydınlatma elemanlarının takibi yapılırken Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun içinde bulunduğu iktisadi, ticari ve ekonomik koşullar göz önüne alınmıştır. Aydınlatma yöntemlerinin ve araçlarının gelişimi, bu parametreler içerisinde değişip gelişmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapay aydınlatmanın gelişimini Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönemlerinde karar olarak aldığı sanayi kanunları ve sanayileşme politikaları çerçevesinde izleyebilmektir. Ayrıca Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun dağılması ve yeni kurulan Cumhuriyet’in etkisi ile değişen kaynakların izlerinin takip edilebilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye’deki aydınlatma gelişimini aydınlatma ürünleri üzerinden inceleyebilmek için sanayileşme hamlelerini takip ederek literatüre kazandırmaya önem göstermektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda aydınlatma aygıtı ve teknolojisi satışı yapan işletmeler, basılı yayınlar üzerinden takip edilerek harita üzerinde yoğunlaştıkları bölgeler tespit edilecektir. Bu sebeple çalışmanın problemi; Türkiye’deki aydınlatma aygıtlarının gelişiminin işletme, üretici ve tasarımcı üzerinden kronolojisini oluşturmak için tasniflenerek topluma ve tarihe kazandırılmasına ihtiyaç vardır olarak belirlenmiştir.
Çalışma ile aydınlatma elemanlarının, aydınlatma kaynaklarının farklılaşması ile değişime uğradığı varsayılmaktadır. Ancak bu durumun belirlenebilmesi için öncelikle dönemlerin teknolojik gelişimlerinin sanayileşme üzerinden araştırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çalışma 1850-1940 yılları arasında sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada, aydınlatma aygıtlarının çalışma prensipleri ile aydınlatma tasarımı gibi teknik konular kapsam dışında bırakılmıştır.
Comparativo sintomático sobre a covid-19 e dengue
Authors: Luna Alda Andressa Moreira , Andrade Thomás Fernandes Meira , Gaggini Márcio César Reino 
Published: June 2021

O Brasil enfrenta epidemias de dengue desde 1986 sazonalmente de março a junho e agora associado com a pandemia do covid-19. O impacto da COVID-19 no sistema público de saúde é perceptível pela elevada demanda por internação hospitalar, levando ao esgotamento da oferta de leitos de terapia intensiva e ventiladores pulmonares em algumas regiões do país. Provocado impactos em todos os setores da sociedade, principalmente nos sistemas de saúde, devido à sua rápida disseminação por todos os continentes, sua capacidade de provocar mortes em populações vulneráveis, além do insuficiente conhecimento científico sobre o vírus, patogenia e tratamento.E grande relevância relacionar os sintomas de pacientes com Covid-19 apresentados no momento do acolhimento dos usuários do SUS durante o atendimento na ESF e relacionar com os sintomas apresentados pela Dengue registrados pela Cartilha do Ministério da Saúde. Para tanto utilizou-se coleta retrospectivos dos dados dos pacientes já confirmados com o teste positivo para Covid-19, após esses dados foram utilizados os prontuários eletrônico dos pacientes e considerado quais as principais queixas na primeira consulta. O Covid- 19 e a dengue há diversos sintomas similares podendo ser confundido quando apresentados isoladamente ou até mesmo em conjunto a depender dos sintomas, dentre os sintomas frequentes em ambas as doenças estão febre, mialgia, cefaleia, dor abdominal, diarreia, diante desse fato e necessário sempre suspeita de ambas as doenças até sua adequada investigação, e assim estipular adequado tratamento. Assim como na dengue o covid- 19 e mais graves em pessoas com a presença de comorbidades e idosos.
Ressaltando que o covid- 19 e uma doença nova e que ainda a muita a ser descoberto, e para tanto e de suma importância à continua monitorização dos sintomas que surgem com o avançar das doenças.
PARTNERSHIP COLLABORATION DALAM PENGELOLAAN DESA WISATA EKOLOGIS DI KAWASAN GEOPARK KOTARAJA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Suteja I Wayan , Wahyuningsih Sri , Rosida Lia , W Ni Luh Sueni , M Billy Jafanca 
Published: June 2021

Kolaborasi dan kerjasama dalam penyelenggaraan kepariwisataan di Pulau Lombok terutama Kabupaten Lombok Timur masih perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Seperti Desa Tete Batu, Kembang Kuning dan Jeruk Manis yang berada pada kawasan geografis yang sama sangat membutuhkan program bersama yang dapat mendukung perkembangan masing-masing. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan partnership managenent model sehingga terbangun pengelolaan pariwisata yang kuat. Untuk mengkaji penyelenggaraan desa wisata ekologi di Kawasan Geopark Kotaraja digunakan teori tourism partnership managenent dan konsep desa wisata ekologis. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan proses pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara dengan tahapan analisis yaitu pemilahan data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan pariwisata di tiga desa ini dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat melalui kelompok sadar wisata. Selain itu, sebagai kawasan geosite Rinjani pengawasannya berada di bawah naungan pengelola Taman Nasional Gunung Rinjani (TNGR). Belum banyak kerjasama dan kolaborasi formal yang dilakukan oleh ketiga desa tersebut walapun ketiganya memanfaatkan sumberdaya terutama dayabtarik secara bersama-sama. Sehingga kedepannya akan dilaksanakan program kolaborasi oleh ketiga pengelola. Adapun tahapan yang akan dilaksanakan yaitu dimulai dari pertemuan dan musyawarah antar perwakilan kelompok pengelola untuk membahas program-program yang dapat dilaksanakan bersama, menentukan program kerja yang dapat disusun berdasarkan skala prioritas dalam bentuk rencana jangka pendek, menengah dan jangka panjang. Tahap berikutnya adalah pelaksanaan dari setiap program kerja dan juga memastikan tercapainya target-target yang disusun bersama-sama, pelaksanaan kontrol dan terakhir evaluasi terhapat capaian dari hasil kerjasama dan kolaborasi yang telah dilakukan. Dengan kegiatan ini kolaborasi dan kerjasama akan dapat terwujud dan menghasilkan sinergi pengelolaan pariwisata yang kuat.
PERCEPATAN REGENERASI PETANI PADA KOMUNITAS USAHATANI SAYURAN DI KECAMATAN SAMARANG KABUPATEN GARUT PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Santoso Aji Wahyu , Effendy Lukman , Krisnawati Endang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Samarang District has the availability of food crops, especially in various vegetable crops to be developed so that it can potentially increase the acceleration of young farmers' regeneration. So, this study aims to describe the characteristics of young farmers, analyze the factors of acceleration of farmers' regeneration, find a strategy of accelerating regeneration. This study was conducted in the Samarang District, Garut Regency. The study sample was 77 respondents who were taken by random sampling technique. The independent variable includes internal factors, namely age, level of education, length of organization, land area, cosmopolitan and external factors of extension activities, government support, availability of facilities and infrastructure, availability of information, and support of informal leaders. The analysis used is descriptive analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that managerial is classified as moderate, technically classified as moderate, and socio-economic is classified as moderate Factors related to the acceleration of farmers' regeneration are age, level of education, extension activities, and government support. To increase the acceleration of farmers' regeneration, counseling is carried out by forming the characteristics of farmers and increasing the intensity of extension.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI JAJAR LEWOGO PADA SISTEM USAHATANI MINAPADI DI DESA ARJASARI KECAMATAN LEUWISARI TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Fauziah Misni , Siswoyo Siswoyo , Azhar Azhar 
Published: June 2021

Usahatani minapadi merupakan usaha intensifikasi pertanian yang berpotensi di Tasikmalaya. Sistem usahatani minapadi ini perlu dikembangkan agar memperoleh hasil yang maksimal. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan melakukan perbaikan teknologi yang digunakan khususnya teknologi sistem tanam jajar legowo melalui peningkatan SDM pertaniannya. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani dalam penerapan teknologi jajar legowo pada usahatani minapadi dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani dalam penerapan teknologi jajar legowo pada minapadi. Pengkajian dilakukan di Desa Arjasari Kecamatan Leuwisari dengan sampel dari Kelompoktani Mulyasari, Rukun Tani Mukti dan Sinar Bahagia. Data diambil dengan cara observasi dan wawancara dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner pre-test dan post-test.
الصلاتُ العلميةُ والاقتصادية والاجتماعية لعلماء مكة ومصر في القرن الثامن الهجري
Authors: حفظ الدين عبد الرحمن 
Published: June 2021

يتناولُ هذا البحثُ الصلاتِ العلميةَ، والاقتصاديةَ، والاجتماعيةَ لعلماء مكة ومصر في القرن الثامن الهجري، ويتتبعُ الباحثُ هذه الصلات بين المصرين في القرن الثامن، وقد توصَّلَ إلى أنها كانت موجودةً بين حملة العلم - علماء ومتعلمين - في كلا البلدين وعلى وجه الخصوص الصلات العلمية، والتي أفرزتْ نتائجَ إيجابية مهمة أبرزها الآتي:
-	أولًا: الحصول على إجازات علمية من شيوخ العلم في البلدين.
-	ثانيًا: تكوين أطُر علمية وإدارية في البلدين.
-	ثالثًا: استقرار بعض المُرتحلين في كلا البلدين.
-	رابعًا: مساهمة علماء البلدين في حلقات التدريس بهما.
أما الصلاتُ الاقتصاديةُ لعلماء مكة ومصر في فترة الدراسة فقد كانت متنوعةً تعتمدُ في مصادرها على ما يحصلونه من ريع الأوقاف في البلدين وما تدرّه عليهم بعضُ الأعمال العلميةِ والإداريةِ؛ مثل: التدريس، والقضاء، وكذا بعض المهن والحرف التي كانوا يمتهنونها للإنفاق على أنفسهم أثناء رحلاتهم العلمية وطلبهم للعلم.
وأخيرًا اتضحَ من خلال المتابعة لحياة العلماء الاجتماعية في مكة ومصر في فترة الدراسة أنَّ بعضَهمْ كان يسكنُ في الأربطة والخانقاوات الموقوفة عليهم فضلًا عن ما كان يقومُ به بعضُ العلماء المرحول إليهم من إيواء الراحلين إليهم في فترة تلقي العلم عنهم وعن غيرهم، كما أنَّ البعضَ منهم كان يتزوجُ وينجبُ الأولادَ في البلد الراحل إليه ثم يصبحون من سكان ذلك البلد ويعرفون بنزلاء مكة أو مصر.
The research discussed the scientific, economic and social links for the scholars of Makkah and Egypt in the eighth Hijri century. The researcher traced these links between Egyptians in the eighth century and has concluded that they were existing among the knowledge seekers- scholars and learners - in both countries, and in particular the scientific links, which excretes important and positive results, the most notably are the following:
First: Obtaining scientific certificates from the scholars of both countries.
Second: Establishing scientific and administrative frameworks.
Third: Settledness of some immigrants in both countries.
Fourth: The contribution of the scholars of both countries
The economic links of the scholars of Makkah and Egypt during the period of study were varied depending in its sources on the endowments that they receive in both countries, in addition to what they earned form some scientific and administrative work such as teaching and judiciary, as well as some professions and trades that they practised to spend on themselves during their scientific trips and their seeking for knowledge.
Finally, it is clear from tracing the social life of the scholars in Mecca and Egypt during the study period that some of them lived in the (Ribats and Khanqahs) places for Sufi gathering adjoined to them, as well as what some scholars provided to the migrated scholars in the period of learning. Some of them were getting married and having children in the immigration country and then they become residents of that country and are known as the guests of Mecca or Egypt.
Pengetahuan Perawat Tentang Spiritual Care Di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Katolik Di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Pili Bernadeta Peta , Maratning Anastasia , Trihandin Bernadeta 
Published: June 2021

Perilaku yang didasari oleh pengetahuan akan lebih langgeng daripada perilaku yang tidak didasari oleh pengetahuan.Perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan professional yang memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan tindakan yang bersifatintelektual, interpersonal, moral, bertanggung jawab dan berkewenangan serta merawat pasien dengan memandangnyasecara holistik yang memiliki kebutuhan bio-psiko-sosial-spiritual. Spiritual Care adalah praktek dan prosedur yangdilakukan oleh perawat terhadap pasien untuk memenuhi kebutuhan spiritualnya. Mengingat besarnya peran aspekspiritual care bagi kesehatan individu, maka pemberian pelayanan spiritual merupakan hal yang penting yang perludilakukan oleh perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana gambaran pengetahuan perawat tentangspiritual care, di salah satu rumah sakit swasta Katolik di Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptifkuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data secara survey. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakantehnik consecutive sampling jumlah 50 perawat. Hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptifdengan menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pengetahuan perawattentang spiritual care berada pada kategori baik (48%), cukup (38%), dan kurang (14%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa pengetahuan perawat tentang spiritual care di rumah sakit berada dalam kategori baik.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Perawat, Spiritual Care
La academia en oncología y hematología a través de nuestra publicación.
Authors: Manneh Raimundo 
Published: June 2021

El aumento progresivo de la incidencia del cáncer, su mortalidad y el número de personas que viven con diversas neoplasias activas o no, crece en más del 3% cada año. Esta cifra es un testamento vívido del avance de la investigación clínica y de transferencia que en la actualidad suman cerca del 30% del producto intelec-tual global en diferentes áreas biomédicas. No obstante, el aporte de América Latina ha sido escaso, y sigue una tendencia lenta, limitada por la carencia de recursos; en concordancia, Colombia continúa situando sus objetivos en investigación alre-dedor de las enfermedades transmisibles, a pesar de la rápida transición epidemiológica que modifica estre-pitosamente el comportamiento de las enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo las alteraciones hematológicas benignas y malignas, y el cáncer