bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core‐shell structured magnetite silica‐supported hexatungstate: A novel and powerful nanocatalyst for the synthesis of biologically active pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Nemati Ramin , Elhamifar Dawood , Zarnegaryan Ali , Shaker Masoumeh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis of a novel core‐shell structured magnetic silica‐supported hexatungstate (Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH3[W6O19]) nanocatalyst through immobilization of hexatungstate on amine‐modified magnetic silica nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties of Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH3[W6O19] were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, wide‐angle PXRD, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses. The Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH3[W6O19] nanocatalyst was used as a powerful and heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives. This novel catalyst was reused at least seven times without loss of its activity.
Effects of safinamide on pain in patients with fluctuating Parkinson's disease
Authors: Grigoriou Sotirios , Martínez‐Martín Pablo , Ray Chaudhuri K. , Rukavina Katarina , Leta Valentina , Hausbrand Denise , Falkenburger Björn , Odin Per , Reichmann Heinz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐motor symptoms (NMS) are integral to Parkinson's Disease (PD) and management remains a challenge. Safinamide is a novel molecule in relation to addressing NMS due to its multifocal mechanism of action with both dopaminergic and non‐dopaminergic properties.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of safinamide on NMS and its burden in PD patients with motor fluctuations after 6 months of treatment.MethodsThis observational, multicenter, open‐label, pilot study assessed a wide range of NMS using the following rating scales, NMSS (non‐motor symptom scale), KPPS (King's PD pain scale), HADS (hospital anxiety and depression scale), PDQ‐8 (Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire), and PDSS‐2 (Parkinson's disease sleep scale), EuroQol‐5D 3 level version (EQ‐5D‐3L), CGI‐I (clinical global impression of improvement), and PGI‐C (patient global impression of change). Motor examination using UPDRS part III (Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, motor examination), UPDRS IV (complications of therapy) and Hoehn and Yahr staging were also obtained.Results27 patients were included in the analysis and were evaluated at baseline and ≥ 6 months after safinamide treatment. 26 patients had a daily maintenance dose of 100 mg and 1 patient a daily dose of 50 mg. Significant improvements in UPDRS IV, KPPS item 5 (region‐specific “off” dystonia), KPPS domain 3 (items 4–6, fluctuation related pain) and KPPS total score were observed after treatment with safinamide, while maintaining stable dopaminergic medication. No statistically significant differences were found in NMSS, HADS, PDSS‐2, EQ‐5D‐3L, and PDQ‐8 after treatment.ConclusionsOur results suggest that safinamide may have a beneficial effect on pain, a key unmet need in fluctuating PD patients.
How to embed environmental sustainability: The role of dynamic capabilities and managerial approaches in a life cycle management perspective
Authors: Bianchi Guia , Testa Francesco , Tessitore Sara , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLife cycle management (LCM) is a managerial framework to embed a holistic environmental sustainability logic inside organizations. Despite its long tradition, the implementation of LCM is little explored. In this study we observe how sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capabilities together with managerial approaches to environmental sustainability help organizations embed LCM in their practices. We performed a multinomial logistic regression using a sample of 187 medium and large enterprises. Our findings show that sensing and seizing capabilities and an integrative approach to sustainability help embed LCM in presence of complex environments. Among dynamic capabilities, reconfiguring does not appear to help organizations embed LCM. This study contributes to the literature on LCM and dynamic capabilities.
Disparities in cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients: A scoping review
Authors: Manz Christopher R. , Odayar Varshini S. , Schrag Deborah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic minority status, structural racism, low educational attainment, and poverty are consistently associated with cancer disparities and with higher rates of incarceration. The objective of this scoping review is to conduct a qualitative synthesis of the literature on cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disparities in these outcomes for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients, as this literature is fragmented and heterogenous.MethodsThis scoping review included Bureau of Justice Statistics reports and searched PubMed in May 2021 for all English language studies published between 1990 and 30 April 2021, that reported on cancer prevalence, incidence, or mortality for incarcerated or formerly incarcerated individuals in the United States.ResultsTwenty studies were selected. Data on cancer prevalence and incidence were scarce but suggested that incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients have a similar overall risk of cancer diagnosis as the general population, but elevated risk of certain cancers such as cervical, lung, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinoma for which effective prevention and screening interventions exist. Cancer mortality data in state and local jails as well as prisons were robust and suggests that both incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients have higher cancer mortality than the general population.ConclusionsIncarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients likely have a higher risk of dying from cancer than the general population, but important gaps in our knowledge about the extent and drivers of disparities for this population remain. Additional research is needed to guide interventions to reduce cancer disparities for patients experiencing incarceration.
Artificial intelligence‐assisted colonoscopy: A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of polyp detection
Authors: Xu Lei , He Xinjue , Zhou Jianbo , Zhang Jie , Mao Xinli , Ye Guoliang , Chen Qiang , Xu Feng , Sang Jianzhong , Wang Jun , Ding Yong , Li Youming , Yu Chaohui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) assistance has been considered as a promising way to improve colonoscopic polyp detection, but there are limited prospective studies on real‐time use of AI systems.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing colonoscopy at six centers. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to conventional colonoscopy (control group) or AI‐assisted colonoscopy (AI group). AI assistance was our newly developed AI system for real‐time colonoscopic polyp detection. Primary outcome is polyp detection rate (PDR). Secondary outcomes include polyps per positive patient (PPP), polyps per colonoscopy (PPC), and non‐first polyps per colonoscopy (PPC‐Plus).ResultsA total of 2352 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control, AI group did not show significant increment in PDR (38.8% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.183), but its PPC‐Plus was significantly higher (0.5 vs. 0.4, p < 0.05). In addition, AI group detected more diminutive polyps (76.0% vs. 68.8%, p < 0.01) and flat polyps (5.9% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.05). The effects varied somewhat between centers. In further logistic regression analysis, AI assistance independently contributed to the increment of PDR, and the impact was more pronounced for male endoscopists, shorter insertion time but longer withdrawal time, and elderly patients with larger waist circumference.ConclusionThe intervention of AI plays a limited role in overall polyp detection, but increases detection of easily missed polyps; ChiCTR.org.cn number, ChiCTR1800015607.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Selenium‐substituted Benzoxazine via Radical Initiated Cyclization
Authors: Lin Xinxin , Zeng Cuilian , Pang Xinyan , Zhu Chenlong , Liu Chengkou , Yang Xiaobing , Hu Yujing , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA strategy for electrochemically synthesizing selenium benzoxazines through o‐vinylaniline and diselenide has been developed. This metal‐free and oxidant‐free electrochemical synthesis method is carried out in an undivided cell under mild conditions, which is more environmentally friendly. Moreover, a variety of selenium‐substituted benzoxazine can be prepared in good yield with a broad scope and functional group tolerance, which has potential industrial application value.
Physico‐Chemical and Kinetic Evaluation of a Combined Vertical Settler/Self‐Aerated Unit for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Authors: El‐Khateeb Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater resource limitation is one of the crises facing many countries worldwide. The work aims to apply a compact unit consisting of a vertical settler (VS) followed by a self‐aerated chamber (SAC) for wastewater treatment. The dimensions of the unit are 2 × 1 × 2.5 m for length, width, and height, respectively. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 5 h in the VS for performance study while for the kinetic study the HRT is 4, 6, 8, 10, to 12 h. The unit is packed with a non‐woven fabric material produced from waste plastic. The influent organic concentrations expressed by chemical and biological oxygen demand (CODtot and BOD) are 367.7 and 254.7 mg L−1, respectively. The concentrations of CODtot and BOD in the treated effluent are 78.8 and 80.5% to 36.7 and 16.6 mg L−1, respectively. The prevailed removal kinetic for COD and nitrogen (N) concentrations is the second‐order reaction kinetic. With the exception of fecal coliform (FC), the final treated effluent meet the National regulatory requirements. The disinfection step is essential to reuse the final treated effluent safely. The unit can serve 100 p.e. in rural and unserved areas in developing countries with area of 2–3 m2.
Bismuth‐based Nanomaterials for Aqueous Alkaline Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Shang Xuefeng , Shi Xin , Cao Xianshuo , Lu Xihong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAqueous alkaline batteries (AABs) with the merits of cost‐effectiveness, environmental benignity and high safety have attracted extensive interests and considered as the most promising stational energy storage system. As potential anode candidates in AABs, bismuth‐based materials show special advantages such as non‐toxic, low redox potential and high theoretical capacity. In this review, we overview the structure of Bi based materials and their energy storage mechanism. Then the application of Bi and its compound in AABs including modification strategies are summarized. In addition, perspectives on future anode design and innovation direction are provided for the further investigation and development of Bi‐based AABs.
Shape Control Synthesis of CuPt Alloys with Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Methanol Oxidation Reaction Activities
Authors: Yang Xianghua , Lin Zeqing , Cai Xingyi , Cheng Aozhi , Zhang Qian , Meng Qingwei , Qiu Songbai , Wang Wenxia , Ma Liang , Lin Ling , Tan Junjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe high expense, poor stability, and low abundance of platinum (Pt) catalysts on earth greatly handicaps its further application. Alloying Pt with other metals is an alternate idea, however, as a promising catalyst should be synthesized on a large scale, one important goal is that the morphologies and electrocatalytic activities of the as‐obtained electrocatalysts can maintain the same, even when the precursor ratio is varied. In addition, according to the Le Chatellier's principle as more earth‐abundant precursors were used can accelerate the transforming efficiency of noble metal during the synthesis. Unfortunately, no current research has reached this goal, we herein report a facile two‐step method for the synthesis of three‐dimensional CuPt alloys via galvanic replacement between the noble Pt precursor and pre‐synthesized copper (Cu) nanocubes in a liquid system free of capping agent. Further investigation proved that the morphologies can be regulated via changing the reaction temperature, while the composition of precursors does not affect the morphologies evolutions match well with the industrial demand. The CuPt alloys obtained at 80 °C (denoted as CuPt‐80) exhibited superior activities towards both HER and MOR reaction when compared with CuPt‐60, CuPt‐100, Pt nanocrystals (Pt NCs) and 20% Pt/C. This work enriched the application of Le Chatellier's principle and provides a promising way for the rational design and synthesis of efficient and robust catalysts for sustainable energy conversion.
Tracheal chondrosarcoma: A case report, systematic review, and pooled analysis
Authors: Heuermann Mitchell , Bekker Simon , Czeczok Thomas , Gregory Stacie , Sharma Arun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTracheal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignancy, and formal treatment guidelines have not been established due to the lack of high quality studies. Best evidence at this time is limited to case reports.AimExplore the role of surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and the long‐term outcomes for these interventions for tracheal chondrosarcoma.Methods and ResultsA literature search was performed using PubMed (1959–2020) and ResearchGate (1959–2020) using medical subject heading terms “tracheal chondrosarcoma” OR “trachea chondrosarcoma.” Additional reports were identified within reviewed articles and included for review. Articles pertaining to chondrosarcomas of the lung, bronchus, larynx, or other head and neck subsites were excluded. Cases of chondromas were excluded. Thirty‐five patients with tracheal chondrosarcoma were identified in the literature since 1959. Advanced age was significantly associated with recurrent or persistent disease (p = .003). The majority (77%) of cases were treated with open surgical resection, with an open approach and negative surgical margins being significantly associated with being disease‐free after treatment (p = .001 and p < .001, respectively). Adjuvant radiotherapy was reserved for those unfit for surgery or for recurrent disease. Tumor size, extra‐tracheal extension, tumor calcification, location, and initial diagnosis were not associated with tumor recurrence.ConclusionNon‐metastatic tracheal chondrosarcoma can be treated by adequate surgical resection, with little to no role for adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Open surgery and negative margins were associated with oncologic control, while advanced age was associated with recurrent or persistent disease.
Response of dual‐purpose winter wheat yield and its components to sowing date and cutting timing in a semiarid region of China
Authors: Yang Jingning , Lai Xingfa , Shen Yuying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDual‐purpose winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been advocated on the Loess Plateau of China to fill feed gap and integrate crop–livestock systems; however, the effects of sowing date on the recovery after cutting and interactions between various management practices are largely unclear. Field experiment was conducted in 2015–2017 in semiarid northwestern China to investigate the effects of sowing date and cutting timing on forage yield, grain yield, and its components of dual‐purpose winter wheat cultivars. The experiment combined four cutting treatments, that is, winter cutting, spring cutting, winter–spring cutting, and control, two sowing dates (22 Sept., 2 Oct.), and two cultivars (early to mid‐maturing Zhongmai and late‐maturing Longyu4). Results showed delayed sowing decreased forage yield by 33.4%, but still had the potential to produce an average of 1.6 t ha−1 of forage, with average protein content of 290 g kg−1. Response of winter wheat grain yield to cutting ranged from −38.9 to 1%, with a delay of 1–7 d in maturity. Delayed sowing induced insignificant yield penalties. More forage and higher kernel protein content were produced if crops were cut in winter–spring, but this came with large reductions (30.1% in Longyu4 and 38.9% in Zhongmai) in grain yield, mainly due to reductions in kernels per spike and kernel weight. This study suggests that Longyu4 and Zhongmai are suitable varieties for dual‐purpose winter wheat in the Loess Plateau. For higher forage and grain yield, Longyu4 is suitable for sowing in middle or late September, whereas Zhongmai is suitable for delaying sowing. Winter cutting or spring cutting is acceptable to maintain the forage and grain yield, whereas winter–spring cutting is disadvantageous to grain yield in our study area.
Testing the strength and direction of selection on vocal frequency using metabolic scaling theory
Authors: Francis Clinton D. , Wilkins Matthew R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA major challenge for studies assessing drivers of phenotypic divergence is the statistical comparison of taxa with unique, often unknown, evolutionary histories, and for which there are no clear expected trait values. Because many traits are fundamentally constrained by energy availability, we suggest that trait values predicted by scaling theories such as the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) can provide baseline expectations. Here, we introduce a metabolic scaling‐based approach to test theory involving the direction and magnitude of ecological and sexual selection, using vocal frequency as an example target of selection. First, we demonstrate that MTE predicts the relationship between the natural log of body size and natural log of vocal frequency across 795 bird species, controlling for phylogeny. Family‐wide deviations in slope and intercepts from MTE estimates reveal taxa with potentially important differences in physiology or natural history. Further, species‐level frequency deviations from MTE expectations are predicted by factors related to ecological and sexual selection and, in some cases, provide evidence that differs from current understanding of the direction of selection and identity of ecological selective agents. For example, our approach lends additional support to the findings from many cross‐habitat studies that suggest that dense vegetation selects for lower frequency signals. However, our analysis also suggests that birds in non‐forested environments vocalize at frequencies higher than expected based on MTE, prompting intriguing questions about the selective forces in non‐forest environments that may act on vocal frequency. Additionally, vocal frequency deviates more strongly from MTE expectations among species with smaller repertoires and those with low levels of sexual dichromatism, complicating the use of these common sexual selection surrogates. Broad application of our metabolic scaling approach might provide an important complementary approach to understanding how selection shapes phenotypic evolution by offering a common baseline across studies and taxa and providing the basis to explore evolutionary trade‐offs within and among multicomponent and multimodal traits.
Long‐term outcomes after heart failure hospitalization during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a multisite report from heart failure referral centers in London
Authors: Ta Anyu Anawinla , Badawy Layla , Cannata Antonio , Bromage Daniel I. , Rind Irfan A. , Albarjas Mohammad , Piper Susan , Shah Ajay M. , McDonagh Theresa A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsPatients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) had worse in‐hospital outcomes during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, their long‐term outcomes are unknown. We describe long‐term outcomes among patients who survived to hospital discharge compared with patients hospitalized in 2019 from two referral centers in London during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Methods and resultsIn total, 512 patients who survived their hospitalization for acute HF in two South London referral centers between 7 January and 14 June 2020 were included in the study and compared with 725 patients from the corresponding period in 2019. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. The demographic characteristics of patients admitted in 2020 were similar to the 2019 cohort. Median (IQR) follow‐up was 622 (348–691) days. All‐cause mortality after discharge remained significantly higher for patients admitted in 2020 compared with the equivalent period in 2019 (P < 0.01), which may relate to observed differences in place of care with fewer patients being managed on specialist cardiology wards during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionHospitalization for HF during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with higher all‐cause mortality among patients who survived to discharge. Further studies are necessary to identify predictors of these adverse outcomes to improve outpatient management during a critical period in the management of acute HF.
Systolic pulmonary regurgitation affects the outcome of patients with severe systolic heart failure
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Hung , Hsiao Chao‐Sheng , Chiou Kuan‐Rau 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsLittle is known of the impact of systolic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) on acute decompensated heart failure (HF). We assessed the prevalence and prognostic significance of systolic PR in patients with severe HF.Methods and resultsAccording to recent 10 year echocardiographic database of E‐Da Hospital, 533 patients admitted for first systolic heart failure (HF) and left ventricular ejection fraction <35% were under investigation. Systolic PR was defined as the presence of pulmonary backward flow persistent after QRS in electrocardiogram. Isovolumic contraction/relaxation time and myocardial performance index were derived by tissue Doppler imaging. Right ventricular (RV) function was assessed by RV fractional area change. Estimated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was assessed by the ratio of peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity to the RV outflow tract time–velocity integral. The factors associated with systolic PR were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Cox proportional regression analyses were used to estimate the impact of cardiovascular events including HF rehospitalization and cardiovascular death. For estimated prevalence of 5480 control subjects, echocardiographic screens in those with normal left ventricular ejection fraction were performed. Of 533 systolic HF cases, 143 (26.8%) had systolic PR during indexed hospitalization. Among 143 cases, 86% systolic PR disappeared during late follow‐up. In control subjects, 0.3% (18/5480) had systolic PR. Systolic PR correlated to RV dysfunction, estimated PVR, E/e′, sign of low cardiac output, and pulmonary oedema. Systolic PR was associated independently with further cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 2.266, 95% confidence interval 1.682–3.089, P < 0.0001) including cardiovascular death and HF rehospitalization.ConclusionsSystolic PR is not uncommon in systolic HF and is associated with high PVR and RV dysfunction. Systolic PR significantly impacts cardiovascular outcome.
Synthesis of a Sterically Encumbered Pincer Au(III)−OH Complex
Authors: Engbers Silène , Trifonova Evgeniya A. , Hess Kristopher M. , de Vries Folkert , Klein Johannes E. M. N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis and crystallographic characterization of a novel Au(III)−OH complex featuring a N^N^N‐pincer ligand. Reactivity studies towards oxygen atom transfer (OAT), a type of reactivity previously reported for a Au(III)−OH complex, indicate that this complex provides both a sterically encumbered Au atom and a sterically poorly accessible OH group leading to no reactivity with a series of phosphines. The steric encumbrance sets this example apart from the known examples of Au(III)−OH (pincer) complexes, which commonly feature planar ligands that provide little control over steric accessibility of the Au and O atoms in these complexes. Implications for the mechanism of OAT from Au−OH complexes are briefly discussed.