bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female CEO succession and audit fees: evidence from China
Authors: Gull Ammar Ali , Atif Muhammad , Issa Ayman , Usman Muhammad , Siddique Muhammad Abubakkar 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to examine whether CEO succession with gender change (male to female) affects audit fees in the Chinese setting. In addition, this study examines whether the relationship exists in both types of ownership, i.e. non-state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and SOEs.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from all A-share non-financial firms listed on both the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) for the period 2009 to 2015. To draw inferences, this study uses pooled ordinary least squares regression as a baseline technique. This study performs sub-sample analyzes for robustness. To account for endogeneity, this study uses three techniques including firm fixed-effects regression, the two-step Heckman model and the system generalized method of moments (GMM).FindingsThis study documents a significantly negative relationship between CEO succession with gender change and audit fees. However, the negative effect of CEO succession on audit fees is more pronounced in non-SOEs than SOEs. This study also finds, in additional analyzes, a strong negative effect of female CEO succession on audit fees in sub-sample of large, high-risk, high-performance and firms audited by non-big auditors. The main finding is robust across three endogeneity techniques.Practical implicationsThe findings add to the ongoing debate about the underrepresentation of women in key executive positions such as CEO. The results suggest that CEO succession from male to female has a favorable effect on the quality of internal monitoring mechanisms (due to the superior monitoring skills of women) and enhances the quality of financial reporting. The study has practical implications for regulatory bodies and corporate decision-makers; this study encourages them to look into considering women in the executive succession framework.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by exploring the effect of CEO succession with gender change (male to female) on audit fees in the context of China and the existence of this relationship in non-SOEs and SOEs.
Is global carbon inequality getting better or worse? A decomposition analysis of carbon inequality in intraincome and interincome groups
Authors: Li Rongrong , Wang Qiang , Liu Yi , Jiang Rui 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study is aimed at better understanding the evolution of inequality in carbon emission in intraincome and interincome groups in the world, and then to uncover the driving factors that affect inequality in carbon emission.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is developed by combining the Theil index and the decomposition technique. Specifically, the Theil index is used to measure the inequality in carbon emissions from the perspective of global and each income group level. The extended logarithmic mean Divisia index was developed to explore the driving factors.FindingsThis study finds that the inequality in carbon emissions of intraincome group is getting better, whereas the inequality in carbon emission of interincome group is getting worse. And the difference in global carbon emissions between income groups is the main source of global carbon emission inequality, which is greater than that within each income group. In addition, the high-income group has transferred their carbon emissions to upper-middle income group by importing high-carbon-intensive products to meet the domestic demand, while lower-middle-income group do not fully participate in the international trade.Practical implicationsTo alleviate the global carbon inequality, more attention should be paid to the inequality in carbon emission of interincome group, especially the trade between high-income group and upper-middle income group. From the perspective of driving factors, the impact of import and export trade dependence on the per capita carbon emissions of different income groups can almost offset each other, so the trade surplus effect should be the focus of each group.Originality/valueIn order to consider the impact of international trade, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of global carbon emissions inequality from the perspective of income levels and introduces the import and export dependence effect and the trade surplus effect into the analysis framework of global carbon emission inequality drivers, which has not been any research carried out so far. The results of this paper not only provide policy recommendations for mitigating global carbon emissions but also provide a new research perspective for subsequent inequality research.
Study on driving waveform design process for multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead in material-jetting 3D printing
Authors: Cheng Yih-Lin , Tseng Tzu-Wei 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Material-jetting (MJ) three-dimensional (3D) printing processes are competitive due to their printing resolution and printing speed. Driving waveform design of piezoelectric printhead in MJ would affect droplet formation and performance, but there are very limited studies on it besides patents and know-hows by commercial manufacturers. Therefore, in this research, the waveform design process to efficiently attain suitable parameters for a multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead was studied. Therefore, this research aims to study the waveform design process to efficiently attain suitable parameters for a multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead.

Design/methodology/approach
Ricoh’s Gen4L printhead was adopted. A high-speed camera captured pictures of jetted droplets and droplet velocity was calculated. The waveforms included single-, double- and triple-pulse trapezoidal patterns. The effects of parameters were investigated and the suitable ones were determined based on the avoidance of satellite drops and preference of higher droplet velocity.

Findings
In a single-pulse waveform, an increase of fill time (Tf) decreased the droplet velocity. The maximum velocity happened at the same pulse width, the sum of fill time and hold time (Tf + Th). In double- and triple-pulse, a voltage difference (Vd) above zero in the holding stage was adopted except the last pulse to avoid satellite drops. Suitable parameters for the selected resin were obtained and the time-saving design process was established.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the effects of parameters and observed data trends, suggested procedures to determine suitable parameters were proposed with fewer experiments.

Practical implications
This study has verified the feasibility of suggested design procedures on another resin. The required number of trials was reduced significantly.

Originality/value
This research investigated the process of driving waveform design for the multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead. The suggested procedures of finding suitable waveform parameters can reduce experimental trials and will be applicable to other MJ 3D printers when new materials are introduced.
Human resource management practices in creating a committed workforce for fostering knowledge transfer: a theoretical framework
Authors: Ishak Nurul Amirah , Islam Md Zahidul , Sumardi Wardah Azimah 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to review existing literature on the role of human resource management (HRM) practices in nurturing employee’s organisational commitment (OC), which subsequently promoting knowledge transfer (KT) within an organisation and propose a conceptual framework for future empirical research.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive review of existing literature was undertaken in an attempt to build the conceptual model for KT.FindingsThe proposed conceptual framework illustrates the role of OC as a focal mediating mechanism in fostering KT. This paper identifies “high commitment” HRM (HCHRM) (e.g. staffing, job design, training and development, performance appraisal and reward system) as the factors influencing the development of OC, which subsequently affecting KT (i.e. knowledge sharing and application). Also, this paper integrates the potential moderating roles of leader-member exchange (LMX) between HCHRM practices-OC, as well as information and communication technology support in the OC-KT linkage into the proposed framework.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper presents a comprehensive view of fostering KT. However, the major limitation of this paper is that it remains at a conceptual level. Further empirical investigations would be helpful to test propositions, hence validating the proposed conceptual framework.Practical implicationsThe proposed conceptual framework could serve as practical guidance for managers and/or practitioners in developing policies that will facilitate KT in business organisations.Originality/valueWhile KT is often viewed as a single phenomenon, this paper considers the KT into two components (i.e, sharing and application) in accordance with the practice-based perspective on knowledge and behavioural approach to KT. In addition, the adoption of the general workplace commitment model in conceptualising KT could further validate its applicability in knowledge management research. Also, the integration of LMX as a moderator in the proposed framework could contribute to the scant research on LMX-related moderation models upon validation.
An update of genetics, co‐morbidities and management of hyperuricaemia
Authors: Zhu Chunsheng , Sun Bao , Zhang Bing , Zhou Zheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyperuricaemia (HU) caused by disorders of purine metabolism is a metabolic disease. A number of epidemiological reports have confirmed that HU is correlated with multiple disorders, such as chronic kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease and gout. Recent studies showed that the expression and functional changes of uric acid transporters, including URAT1, GLUT9 and ABCG2, were associated with HU. Moreover, a large number of genome‐wide association studies have shown that these transporters’ dysfunction leads to HU. In this review, we describe the recent progress of aetiology and related transporters of HU, and we also summarise the common co‐morbidities possible mechanisms, as well as the potential pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment methods for HU, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of HU.
The pandemic and the problem of compliance with safety measures: The case of Egypt
Authors: Moaddel Mansoor , El‐Zanaty Fatma , Hamed Rashad , Saeed Abdelhamid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnalysing data from a nationally representative sample of 3442 interviews conducted in Egypt in 2020, this study examines the influence of four sets of factors in predicting compliance with the advice of healthcare professionals to combat the spread of COVID‐19: demographics, knowledge and values, fear of the disease and denial, and the pandemic as a foreign invasion. The findings show that a higher likelihood of compliance is linked to socioeconomic status, awareness of the pandemic, reliance on a plurality of information sources, adherence to liberal values, and fear of the disease, but being male, young, employed, religious, fatalistic, and in denial of the severity of the pandemic lower this likelihood – all consistent with the results reported in the literature. In addition, this study highlights the link between compliance and such attributes of nationalism as national identity, national pride, the perception of the pandemic as a national event, and the willingness to sacrifice one's human right to combat the spread of the disease. Drawing on these factors, this paper suggests building societal consensus around the theme of national unity against the microparasitic invasion is the key to an effective strategy to combat the spread of the virus.
Feasibility of a screening tool for sex trafficking in an adult emergency department
Authors: Kaltiso Sheri‐Ann O. , Greenbaum V. Jordan , Moran Timothy P. , Osborne Anwar D. , Korniotes Jessica , Marazzi Grace , Clery Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman trafficking (HT) is a human rights violation and public health issue. People with a history of HT are likely to see a physician during their exploitation. A screening tool was developed and implemented in a busy urban emergency department (ED) to aid in the identification of this population.ObjectiveThe objective was to retrospectively assess a HT screening tool implemented in an urban ED and evaluate the feasibility of the tool as a component of standard emergency care.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study conducted at an urban adult ED after the implementation of an original 11‐item HT screening tool. Adult patients 18 years and older were screened based on high‐risk chief complaints, “red flag” risk factors, or provider gestalt. All patients with a positive screen were offered the opportunity to speak to a social worker, who then determined the patients’ likely trafficking status. Data analysis was performed on this group of patients.ResultsA total of 26,974 patients were screened in the ED during 2019. Of these patients, 189 of them had a positive screen. A total of 37 patients were confirmed to have a likely sex trafficking status based on the federal definition. Eight of these patients elected to go to a community partner safe house. Positive responses to eight of the questions were significantly associated with likely sex trafficking status. Through regularized regression analysis, the predictive power of the screen was found to be derived from seven of the questions.ConclusionThrough the implementation of this screening tool, providers in a busy urban ED were able to identify patients with an experience of sex trafficking and offer them resources using a trauma‐informed approach. This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementation of screening in the ED and identifies seven of the questions used as predictive of likely sex trafficking.
Test–retest reliability of neural alcohol cue‐reactivity: Is there light at the end of the magnetic resonance imaging tube?
Authors: Bach Patrick , Reinhard Iris , Koopmann Anne , Bumb Jan M. , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Kiefer Falk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, the assessment of alcohol cue‐reactivity gained popularity in addiction research, and efforts were undertaken to establish neural biomarkers. This attempt however depends on the reliability of cue‐induced brain activation. Thus, we assessed test–retest reliability of alcohol cue‐reactivity and its implications for imaging studies in addiction. We investigated test–retest reliability of alcohol cue‐induced brain activation in 144 alcohol‐dependent patients over 2 weeks. We computed established reliability estimates, such as intraclass correlation (ICC), Dice and Jaccard coefficients, for the three contrast conditions of interest: ‘alcohol’, ‘neutral’ and the ‘alcohol versus neutral’ difference contrast. We also investigated how test–retest reliability of the different contrasts affected the capacity to establishing associations with clinical data and determining effect size estimates. Whereas brain activation, indexed by the constituting contrast conditions ‘alcohol’ and ‘neutral’ separately, displayed overall moderate (ICC > 0.4) to good (ICC > 0.75) test–retest reliability in areas of the mesocorticolimbic system, the difference contrast ‘alcohol versus neutral’ showed poor overall reliability (ICC < 0.40), which was related to the intercorrelation between the constituting conditions. Data simulations and analyses of craving data confirmed that the low reliability of the difference contrast substantially limited the capacity to establish associations with clinical data and precisely estimate effect sizes. Future research on alcohol cue‐reactivity should be cautioned by the low reliability of the common ‘alcohol versus neutral’ difference contrast. We propose that this limitation can be overcome by using the constituent task conditions as an individual difference measure, when intending to longitudinally monitor brain responses.
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy with biopsy in paediatric feeding disorders
Authors: Robinson Robyn , Placone Nicholas , Katz Mitchell , Ornelas Elisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimOur aim was to evaluate upper GI pathology found endoscopically among children seen in a GI feeding clinic for persistent feeding problems compared with controls.MethodsEsophagogastroduodenoscopy biopsy results were examined among two cohorts of children. The first group included 86 children evaluated in a gastroenterology feeding clinic for paediatric feeding disorders. A comparison was made with an age‐matched control group of 86 children referred for endoscopy for conditions other than disordered feeding.ResultsIn the feeding cohort, 57% had abnormal endoscopy biopsies. These included 30% with microscopic esophagitis and 15.1% with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Among the controls, 53% had abnormal biopsies, which included 26% with microscopic esophagitis and 8% with eosinophilic esophagitis. The statistical comparison between groups included p = 0.98 for microscopic esophagitis and p = 0.15 for eosinophilic esophagitis.ConclusionResults demonstrated similar prevalence of abnormal endoscopy biopsies and microscopic esophagitis in both groups. The incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the feeding group triples that of previous reports and nearly doubles controls. Our findings suggest paediatric feeding disorders which do not resolve may warrant investigation by upper endoscopy.
Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis and therapeutics in military‐relevant animal infection models
Authors: Bobrov Alexander G. , Getnet Derese , Swierczewski Brett , Jacobs Anna , Medina‐Rojas Maria , Tyner Stuart , Watters Chase , Antonic Vlado 
Published: June 2021

Modern combat‐related injuries are often associated with acute polytrauma. As a consequence of severe combat‐related injuries, a dysregulated immune response results in serious infectious complications. The gram‐negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes life‐threatening bloodstream, lung, bone, urinary tract, and wound infections following combat‐related injuries. The rise in the number of multidrug‐resistant P. aeruginosa strains has elevated its importance to civilian clinicians and military medicine. Development of novel therapeutics and treatment options for P. aeruginosa infections is urgently needed. During the process of drug discovery and therapeutic testing, in vivo testing in animal models is a critical step in the bench‐to‐bedside approach, and required for Food and Drug Administration approval. Here, we review current and past literature with a focus on combat injury‐relevant animal models often used to understand infection development, the interplay between P. aeruginosa and the host, and evaluation of novel treatments. Specifically, this review focuses on the following animal infection models: wound, burn, bone, lung, urinary tract, foreign body, and sepsis.
Taking a BiTE out of the CAR T space race
Authors: Patel Ameet , Oluwole Olalekan , Savani Bipin , Dholaria Bhagirathbhai 
Published: June 2021

SummaryChimaeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR T) therapy has evolved at an exponential pace and seeks to revolutionize the CAR T space with next‐generation CARs and expanding indications in plasma cell dyscrasias. Recent developments in Bispecific T‐cell engager therapy (BiTEs) may level the playing field with CAR T therapy, offering key advantages with off‐the‐shelf or on‐demand treatment and a manageable toxicity profile to encompass a wider pool of eligible patients in the outpatient setting. The coexistence of both modalities will remain important in overall management and accelerate the next iteration of both cellular and BiTEs. This article summarises the current progress, potential future of both therapies for haematologic malignancies, and their economic implications on the healthcare system.
An observational study of volume–outcome effects for robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy in England
Authors: Gray William K. , Day Jamie , Briggs Tim W.R. , Harrison Simon 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate volume–outcome relationships in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for cancer using data from the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) database for England.Materials and MethodsData for all adult, elective RPs for cancer during the period January 2013–December 2018 (inclusive) were extracted from the HES database. The HES database records data on all National Health Service (NHS) hospital admissions in England. Data were extracted for the NHS trust and surgeon undertaking the procedure, the surgical technique used (laparoscopic, open or robot‐assisted), hospital length of stay (LOS), emergency readmissions, and deaths. Multilevel modelling was used to adjust for hierarchy and covariates.ResultsData were available for 35 629 RPs (27 945 RARPs). The proportion of procedures conducted as RARPs increased from 53.2% in 2013 to 92.6% in 2018. For RARP, there was a significant relationship between 90‐day emergency hospital readmission (primary outcome) and trust volume (odds ratio [OR] for volume decrease of 10 procedures: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.00; P = 0.037) and surgeon volume (OR for volume decrease of 10 procedures: 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00; P = 0.013) in the previous year. From lowest to highest volume category there was a decline in the adjusted proportion of patients readmitted as an emergency at 90 days from 10.6% (0–49 procedures) to 7.0% (≥300 procedures) for trusts and from 9.4% (0–9 procedures) to 8.3% (≥100 procedures) for surgeons. LOS was also significantly associated with surgeon and trust volume, although 1‐year mortality was associated with neither.ConclusionsThere is evidence of a volume–outcome relationship for RARP in England and minimising low‐volume RARP will improve patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the observed effect size was relatively modest, and stakeholders should be realistic when evaluating the likely impact of further centralisation at a population level.
Animal models of diabetes‐associated vascular diseases: an update on available models and experimental analysis
Authors: Choi Judy S. Y. , de Haan Judy B. , Sharma Arpeeta 
Published: June 2021

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with the accelerated development of macrovascular (atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease) and microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy), which remain the principal cause of mortality and morbidity in this population. Current understanding of cellular and molecular pathways of diabetes‐driven vascular complications, as well as therapeutic interventions has arisen from studying disease pathogenesis in animal models. Diabetes‐associated vascular complications are multi‐faceted, involving the interaction between various cellular and molecular pathways. Thus, the choice of an appropriate animal model to study vascular pathogenesis is important in our quest to identify innovative and mechanism‐based targeted therapies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Herein, we provide up‐to‐date information on available mouse models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic vascular complications as well as experimental analysis and research outputs.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc