bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On guarantees of protection of the policeman's right to money security
Authors: Masalova T. A. 
Published: December 2021

The article considers the issues of guarantees of protection of the policeman's right to financial security, in particular, the definition of "guarantees of protection of the policeman's right to financial security", defines the purpose, objectives and functions of the investigated guarantees, and outlines the structure of basic guarantees. Thus, guarantees for the protection of the right of police officers to financial security are considered as a set of legal and organizational-legal means, methods and conditions by which the police and state bodies ensure the real restoration of the violated right to remuneration.
It is concluded that today the guarantees of protection of the police officer's right to monetary security are a special manifestation of guarantees of protection of the employee's right to remuneration. This position allows us to draw the following conclusions: (1) the extension to the police of labor law and other guarantees of protection of labor rights of employees contributes to the expansion of the set of human-centered principles available in labor law in this area. This does not allow the state to subject police officers to labor exploitation, which degrades their human dignity, and obliges them to properly ensure and protect the right of these officers to a decent reward for their work; (2) as the real existence of guarantees of human and civil rights and freedoms in Ukraine is still far from adequate, the guarantees of protection of the police officer's right to financial security are not sufficiently perfect. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that the importance of police work, as well as ensuring a high level of social security of these officers has led to the creation and operation of a legal mechanism to protect the right of police officers to a decent reward. conditions under which a police officer may confirm and protect the right to financial security by all means and methods available to him, which do not endanger the state of national security of the state.
Confidential communication of a lawyer with his client as a guarantee of advocacy
Authors: Zaborovskyy V.V. 
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the disclosure of theoretical and applied issues related to the implementation of one of the main guarantees of a lawyer's professional activity, namely ensuring the confidentiality of his communication with his client.
The study revealed various approaches of scholars, as well as the position of the legislator on the practical provision of the right of a suspect (accused) to confidential communication with his lawyer, especially in cases of detention of such a person. The international standards and practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the aspect of implementation of the prohibition of interference in private communication of a lawyer with his client are also analyzed. The position is argued that the existence of undoubted trust in the professional activity of a lawyer, as the quintessence of advocacy, is possible only if the principle of confidentiality is ensured, including the prohibition of interference in private communication between the lawyer and the client.
To achieve this goal, the authors used methods typical of legal science. The study was conducted using a dialectical method of cognition of legal reality, which provided an opportunity to analyze the essence of the guarantee of interference in private communication between lawyer and client, while the use of system-structural method provided an opportunity to determine the overall structure of the study.
Based on the study, the author concludes that Ukrainian law pays considerable attention to ensuring the confidentiality of communication between a lawyer and his client, which generally complies with international principles in this area and aims to create appropriate conditions for confidentiality and legal secrecy as necessary conditions. advocacy.
A Pragma-Dialectical Approach to Memory Politics: Spanish Contemporary Memory Politics, Populism Studies, and Argumentative Dialectics
Authors: Ferreira Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper establishes a dialogue between populism studies, typologies of reconstruction of the past, and argumentative dialectics. The paper analyzes what types of argumentative strategies are employed in the context of the discussions regarding Spanish memory politics and how those strategies can be associated with typologies of re-elaboration of the past (Caramani and Manucci 2019). Building from argumentative dialectics (Van Eemeren and Grootendorst 2004), the paper studies argumentation structures uttered after the endorsement of the 2007 Spanish Historical Memory Law and the proposal of the 2021 Draft Democratic Memory Law. Departing from the distinction between diverse strategies of re-elaboration of the past, namely, heroization and cancellation (Caramani and Manucci 2019), the paper questions if Spanish decision-makers’ rhetorical strategies and political decisions in the field of memory politics disclose the adoption of particular types of populist behavior. The paper claims that the argumentative tactics used, in the domain of memory politics, by Spanish left-wing leaders reveal the adoption of a heroization strategy. In contrast, the rhetoric of Spanish right-wing leaders favors a strategy of cancellation. The paper also claims that, in the Spanish case, mainly from 2018 onwards, the adoption by Spanish left-wing leaders of a heroization strategy had two consequences. First, it did not reduce the cultural opportunity structure for right-wing populism. Second, it fostered a cultural opportunity structure for the affirmation of left-wing populism. The paper selected argumentative dialectics as a methodological framework (Van Eemeren and Grootendorst 2004). The paper discusses the scientific significance of analyzing memory politics through the lenses of populism studies.
2D and 3D numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth path and life predictions of a linear elastic
Authors: Bashiri Abdullateef H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes implementation of the finite element method (FEM) to investigate crack growth problems in linear elastic fracture mechanics and the correlation of results with experimental and numerical data. The approach involved using two different software to compute stress intensity factors (SIFs), the crack propagation trajectory, and fatigue life estimation in two and three dimensions. According to the software, crack modeling might be run in various ways. The first is a developed source code program written in the Visual Fortran language, while the second is the widely used ANSYS Mechanical APDL 19.2 software. The fatigue crack propagation trajectory and the corresponding SIFs were predicted using these two software programs. The crack direction was investigated using the maximum circumferential stress theory, and the finite element (FE) analysis for fatigue crack growth was done for both software based on Paris's law. The predicted results in both software demonstrated the influence of holes on the crack growth trajectory and all associated stresses and strains. The study's findings agree with other experimental and numerical crack propagation studies presented in the literature that reveal similar crack propagation trajectory observations.
Analysis of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Iskenderun Bay, Turkey
Authors: Kutlu Banu , Özcan Tahir , Özcan Gülnaz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ecological risk resulting from the accumulation of some heavy metals in the sediments of Iskenderun Bay was assessed using the following measures: enrichment and contamination factor, pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The concentrations of the studied heavy metals were in the following order: Fe > Ni > Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Cd > Hg. Ni and As had the highest EF values. This situation is most likely due to the presence of iron, pesticide, and fertilizer plants in the region. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ni, As, Mn, and Cr may have harmful effects on faunal communities in sediments. According to the RI, Site 4 was more contaminated and toxic than the other seven study sites, with “moderate” ecological risk. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined by multivariate methods – cluster and principal component analysis. As can be inferred from the RI values, the potential toxic effect of As and Ni in the sediments is moderate.
Determination of functional structure of soft-bottom marine macrobenthic communities of the Samsun Shelf Area using biological traits analysis
Authors: Van Ayşe , Gümüş Aysun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Biological Traits Analysis (BTA) was used to investigate the functional structure of marine macrobenthic communities along the Samsun Shelf Area (SSA). Benthic samples were collected seasonally from five different locations and at four different depths using a Van Veen grab sampler. Macrofaunal communities distributed in the SSA were assessed using 10 biological traits to identify characteristic traits for each depth and location. It was found that variability of benthic ecosystem functions in the SSA was driven by biological traits such as maximum size, living habit, sediment position, feeding mode and type of reproductive behavior. Bivalves, polychaetes and crustaceans of small to medium size, biodepositing, burying themselves in the sediment (burrowers) and feeding in suspension were relatively more abundant at depths of 0–60 m. However, the biomass of Amphiura, Abra, Papillicardium and some polychaetes characterized by medium to large sizes, diffusive mixing, free living and feeding on deposit and subsurface deposit showed higher values at depths below 60 m. In general, it is concluded that the functional structure of the benthic infauna in the SSA has adapted to physical disturbance, and communities distributed in this area consist mainly of taxa resistant to mechanical pressure.
Academic Dishonesty Siswa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Implikasinya pada Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Wahyuningsih Diana Dewi , Kusumawati Eny , Nugroho Imam Setyo 
Published: December 2021

Academic dishonestyÂ yaitu perilaku menyimpang dari aturan akademik yang dilakukan oleh siswa di berbagai jenjang pendidikan untuk mendapatkan hasil ujian atau pengakuan yang baik atas tugas akademiknya dengan jalan mencontek, plagiarisme, bekerja sama dalam kecurangan ujian, maupun memalsukan data. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi tingkat adacemic dishonesty siswa pada masa pandemi covid-19 dilihat dari perbedaan jenis kelamin, tingkatan kelas serta usia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu survey dengan jenis cross sectional survey design yang melibatkan 493 siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan academic dishonestyÂ scale. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis deskriptif, uji t-test dan Uji Anova. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa siswa sekolah memengah kejuruan memiliki tingkat academic dishonesty pada kategori sedang. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dilihat dari perbedaan jenis kelamin siswa laki-laki memiliki tingkat academic dishonesty lebih tinggi dari siswa perempuan. Hal yang sama juga terjadi ketika dilihat dari setiap indikator academic dishonesty. Pada perbedaan kelas dan perbedaan usia menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara siswa kelas 10 dan siswa kelas 12 serta siswa berusia 15, 16, 17, 18 dalam tingkat academic dishonesty. Diskusi lebih lanjut dibahas dalam artikel ini.Abstrac: Academic dishonestyis behavior deviating from academic rules carried out by students at various levels of education to get good test results or recognition of their academic assignments by cheating, plagiarism, cooperating in exam fraud, or falsifying data. This article aims to explore and determine the level of student academic dishonestyduring the Covid-19 pandemic seen from differences in gender, grade level and age. The research method used is a survey with a type of cross sectional survey design involving 493 vocational high school students who were selected using cluster sampling technique.. The research data collection instrument uses an academic dishonestyscale. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, t-test and Anova test. The results of the study prove that vocational high school students have a level of academic dishonestyin the medium category. Furthermore, this study found that seen from the gender differences, male students had a higher level of academic dishonestythan female students. The same thing also happens when viewed from each indicator of academic dishonesty. In terms of class differences and age differences, it shows that there is no significant difference between grade 10 and grade 12 students and students aged 15, 16, 17, 18 in the level of academic dishonesty. Further discussion is discussed in this article
NEW FINDS OF THE KOBAN-KOLCHIS METAL ARTIFACTS IN THE NORTHEASTERN BLACK SEA COASTLINE AREA (KRASNODAR REGION). EARLIER UNKNOWN AREA OF THE KOBAN-KOLCHIS BRONZES
Authors: Скаков А. Ю. , Кудин М. И. , Кизилов А. С. 
Published: December 2021

В статье вводятся в научный оборот случайные находки последних десятилетий из района города-курорта Сочи и прилегающей части Туапсинского района, относящиеся к периоду поздней бронзы - раннего железа. До недавнего времени этот регион оставался своего рода «белым пятном» на археологической карте. Культурная принадлежность населения этого региона для рассматриваемого периода также оставалась неясной. Представленная коллекция случайных находок относится к нескольким хронологическим горизонтам - кон. II тыс. до н. э., VIII-VII вв. до н. э., VI-IV вв. до н. э. Для VIII-IV вв. до н. э. имеются определенные основания предполагать существование на этой территории самостоятельной археологической культуры в рамках кобано-колхидской культурно-исторической общности. Культура эта характеризуется синкретичностью, наличием как ярких кобано-колхидских, так и протомеотских и, в дальнейшем, меотских черт. Рассматривать этот регион как контактную зону представляется затруднительным из-за наличия некоторых ярких культурных маркеров, а именно слабо представленных в соседних ареалах бронзовых дуговидных фибул с кольцевыми утолщениями по краям дужки. Уверенно выделить новую, своеобразную культуру Восточного Причерноморья раннего железного века можно будет только после проведения новых широкомасштабных археологических исследований.
The paper introduces into scientific discourse chance finds of recent decades from the district of the Sochi resort-city and the adjacent part of the Tuapse district dating to the Late Bronze Age - Early Iron Age. Until recently, this region remained something of a ‘blank spot’ on the archaeological map. Cultural attribution of the population in this region also remained unclear. The published assemblage of chance finds is dated to several chronological horizons: late II mill. BC, 8th-th cc. BC, 6th-4th cc. BC. Regarding the 8th-4th cc. BC, there are grounds to believe that bearers of a distinctive archaeological culture forming part of the overall Koban-Kolchis cultural unity inhabited this area. The culture is characterized by syncretism and presence of both salient Koban-Kolchis features and proto-Maeotian features and, subsequently, Maeotian features. It is difficult to consider this region as a contact zone due to presence of some impressive cultural markers, namely, bronze arched fibulae with ring thickened parts along the hoop. It will be possible to single out a distinctive Early Iron Age culture of the eastern Black Sea coastline region only after large-scale archaeological excavations and research.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL, SOIL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE MOSKVA RIVER FLOODPLAIN DEPOSITS AT THE ZVENIGOROD BIOLOGICAL PLANT
Authors: Кренке Н. А. , Борисов А. В. , Чернышева Е. В. , Каширская Н. Н. , Войцик А. А. , Ершов И. Н. , Лавриков М. В. , Раева В. А. 
Published: December 2021

В статье приводятся результаты применения методов почвенно-микробиологического исследования культурных слоев в пойменных отложениях Москвы-реки. Выявлена корреляция пиков численности сапротрофных и термофильных бактерий с горизонтами погребенных почв в толще аллювия, к которым приурочены археологические находки. Показано, что с помощью микробиологических анализов можно выявить следы хозяйственной активности, которая датируется ранним бронзовым веком.
The paper describes results of soil and microbiological studies of the occupation layers in the Moskva River floodplain deposits. The study identified a correlation between peaks in the count of the saprotrophic and thermophilic bacteria with the horizons of buried soils in the stream sediments where archaeological finds were made. The paper shows that micro bioassays can help identify traces of economic activity dating to the early Bronze Age.
VOLOSOVO RETOUCHERS
Authors: Жилин М. Г. , Костылева Е. Л. 
Published: December 2021

Волосовская культура была распространена в центре европейской части России в позднем неолите - энеолите. Среди артефактов этой культуры на ряде стоянок представлены роговые стержни и изогнутые предметы неясного назначения. В результате проведенного авторами трасологического анализа установлено, что они являются составными частями ретушеров для обработки кремневых орудий. При этом изогнутые предметы были рукоятками, в паз которых вставлялись стержни, служившие рабочими частями этих орудий. Такая конструкция ретушера была оптимальной с функциональной точки зрения. Почти без изменений она дожила до этнографической современности.
The Volosovo culture was spread in the center of the European part of Russia in the Late Neolithic-Eneolithic. The artifacts of this culture retrieved from a number of sites include antler rods and curved items of unknown functions. The tracewear analysis conducted by the authors established that these items are parts of composite retouchers used to treat flint tools. The curved items were handles with a slot into which rods used as working parts of the tools were inserted. This design of a retoucher was optimal from the functional point of view. It has survived into ethnographic modernity with almost no changes.
FIRST RESULTS OF NEW STUDIES OF THE GNEZDILOVO CEMETERY NEAR SUZDAL
Authors: Макаров Н. А. , Красникова А. М. , Ерохин С. А. 
Published: December 2021

Поиски средневековых могильников, исследованных в 1851-1852 гг. А. С. Уваровым и утративших выраженные на поверхности надмогильные памятники - курганные насыпи - после раскопок и многолетней распашки земельных участков, на которых находились курганы, ведутся Суздальской экспедицией ИА РАН и ГИМ в Суздальском Ополье уже двадцать лет. Методы и приемы этих поисков существенно изменились в последние годы с использованием ГИС для определения местоположения объектов, обозначенных на картах и планах, сопровождающих полевую документацию 1851-1852 гг., анализом данных дистанционного зондирования местности и использованием геофизической съемки для выявления площадок, на которых располагались курганы, и участков с грунтовыми погребениями. Материалы новых исследований могильника Гнездилово демонстрируют высокую ценность памятников, считавшихся утраченными.
Search for medieval burial sites which had been under excavations in 18511852 in the framework of A. S. Uvarov’s field campaign and later became invisible in the landscape with the destruction of the barrows which marked the location of the burials on the intensively cultivated lands are going on for twenty years. Surveys are conducted by Suzdal expedition of the Institute of Archaeology RAS and State Historical Museum. Methods and techniques of these surveys became more effective in the recent years with the progress of GIS, georeferencing of maps of the 1851 excavations and introduction of remote sensing and geophysical prospections for the detection of barrow platforms and areas with the flat in-ground inhumation graves. Recent field investigations at Gnezdilovo burial site demonstrate high scientific value of the sites which were previously regarded as completely destroyed
The Federal Budget of the Russian Federation as an instrument of socio-economic development: educational aspects
Authors: Успаева Милана Гумкиевна , Гачаев Ахмед Магомедович 
Published: December 2021

Современные исследования все чаще направлены как на получение новых знаний, так и на практическое применение, с акцентом на контекст и социальную значимость. В связи со стиранием границ между дисциплинами традиционных академических определений и критериев качества исследований уже недостаточно. Эффективные критерии их качества необходимы для управления финансированием, постоянным развитием и продвижением научных методов, проектов и программ, отсутствие таких критериев тормозит развитие исследований. Соответствующая оценка качества существенно влияет на поддержку и финансирование научных поисков, а также нацеливает исследователей и руководителей на выполнение высококачественных исследований и обучает их этому. Между тем подходы к оценке исследований до сих пор базируются прежде всего на обнародовании научных результатов (престиж публикации и печатного издания), цитатах и экспертной оценке. Хотя эти показатели качества исследований остаются актуальными, нужны дополнительные критерии для характеристики результатов исследований и долгосрочных социальных последствий. Среди многочисленных определений финансирования в децентрализацию высшего образования отечественными учеными приведем следующие: децентрализация касается предоставления общественных услуг населению, что, со своей стороны, требует решения вопросов распределения полномочий, собственности и финансовых ресурсов.
Modern research is increasingly focused both on obtaining new knowledge and on practical application,
with an emphasis on context and social significance. Due to the blurring of boundaries between disciplines,
traditional academic definitions and research quality criteria are no longer sufficient. Effective quality criteria are
necessary to manage funding, continuous development and promotion of scientific methods, projects and
programs, the absence of such criteria hinders the development of research. Appropriate quality assessment
significantly affects the support and financing of scientific research, and also targets researchers and managers
to perform high-quality research and trains them to do so. Meanwhile, approaches to the evaluation of research
are still based primarily on the publication of scientific results (the prestige of publication and print edition),
citations and expert evaluation. Although these indicators of research quality remain relevant, additional criteria
are needed to characterize research results and long-term social consequences. Among the numerous
definitions of financing for the decentralization of higher education by domestic scientists, we will cite the
following: decentralization concerns the provision of public services to the population, which, for its part, requires
solving issues of the distribution of powers, property and financial resources.