bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable and Biocompatible Subcutaneous Implants Consisted of Ph-Sensitive Mebendazole-Loaded/Folic Acid-Targeted Chitosan Nanoparticles for Murine Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kefayat Amirhosein , Hosseini Maryam , Ghahremani Fatemeh , rafienia mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Mebendazole (MBZ) is a well-known anti-parasite drug with significant anti-cancer properties. However, MBZ exhibits low solubility, limited absorption efficacy, extensive first-pass effect, and low bioavailability. Therefore, multiple oral administration of high dose MBZ is required daily for achieving the therapeutic serum level which can cause severe side effects and patients’ non-compliance. Method: In the present study, MBZ-loaded/folic acid-targeted chitosan nanoparticles (CS-FA-MBZ) were synthesized, characterized, and used to form cylindrical subcutaneous implants for 4T1 triple-negative breast tumor (TNBC) treatment in BALB/c mice. The therapeutic efficacy of the CS-FA-MBZ implants was investigated after subcutaneous implantation in comparison with Control (no-treatment), MBZ (40 mg/kg, oral administration, twice a week for 2 weeks), and CS-FA implants, according to 4T1 tumors’ growth progression, metastasis, and tumor-bearing mice survival time. Also, their biocompatibility was evaluated by blood biochemical analyzes and histopathological investigation of vital organs. Results: The CS-FA-MBZ implants were completely degraded 15 days after implantation and caused about 73.3%, 46.5%, 37.3% decrease in the mean tumors’ volume in comparison with the Control (1050.5±120.7 mm3), MBZ (561.7±70.3 mm3), and CS-FA (658.3±88.1 mm3) groups, respectively. Average liver metastatic colonies’ number per microscope field at the CS-FA-MBZ (8.6±1.9) group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the Control (24.5±4.1), MBZ (14.1±2.5), and CS-FA (15.7±3.1) groups. In addition, the CS-FA-MBZ treated mice exhibited about 51%, 24%, and 17% more survival time (days) after the cancer cells injection in comparison with the Control, MBZ, and CS-FA groups, respectively. Moreover, the CS-FA-MBZ implants were completely biocompatible based on histopathology and blood biochemical analyzes. Conclusion: Taking together, CS-FA-MBZ implants were completely biodegradable and biocompatible with high therapeutic efficacy in a murine TNBC model.
There are no A1 and A2 astrocytes in brain
Authors: Gao Shuang-qi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives

The subsets of astrocytes in the brain have not been fully elucidated. Using bulk RNA sequencing, reactive astrocytes were divided into A1 versus A2. However, using single-cell RNAseq (ScRNAseq), astrocytes were divided into over two subsets. Our aim was to set up the correspondence between the fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS)-bulk RNAseq and ScRNAseq data.
Results

We found that most of reactive astrocytes (RAs) marker genes were expressed in endothelial cells but not in astrocytes, suggesting those marker genes are not suitable for astrocytic activation. The absence of A1 and A2 astrocytes in the brain.
Qualitative Inquiry of Adolescents’ Experience of Ethical Issues During Enrollment and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Temeke Regional Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Joseph Renatha Sillo , Mahiti Gladys Reuben , Frumence Gasto , Ulrich Connie M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Adolescents living with HIV experience ethical challenges including lack of involvement in their care as well nondisclosure of HIV status which leads to poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Parents have the authority over their children but during adolescence there is increase sense of independence. Whose decision should be followed in case of disagreement. Aim of the study is to explore experience of ethical issues identified by adolescents age 10 to 19 years attending HIV care and treatment in Temeke regional referral hospital.
Methods

Exploratory descriptive qualitative design was employed at Temeke regional referral hospital in Care and Treatment Centre in the Out-Patient Department with adolescents living with HIV 10 to19 years of age. A total of 22 adolescents participated in in-depth face-to-face interviews after obtaining parental consent and adolescent assent. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim in Swahili, and back translated to English. Data analysis included both inductive and deductive thematic analysis and rigor was maintained using standards of qualitative research.
Results

Qualitative themes identified included: lack of participation in decisions about HIV care and treatment; issues around disclosure of HIV status, such as delays in disclosure to the adolescent and disclosure to other persons and benefits and harms of such disclosures; and factors supporting and interfering with adherence to ART, such as parental support, organizational (clinic) support and problems, and self-stigmatization and shame.
Conclusion

Lack of adolescents’ involvement in their care decision making and delayed disclosure are identified ethical concerns leading to poor adolescents’ adherence to ART. Early disclosure to adolescents is beneficial the same as disclosure to others especially teachers helped adolescents at school to take their medication properly. Disclosure to others apart from adolescents lead to stigma and discrimination for some adolescents.
Urbanizing the floodplain: Global changes of imperviousness in flood-prone areas
Authors: Andreadis Konstantinos , Wing Oliver , Colven Emma , Gleason Colin , Bates Paul , Brown Casey 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cities have historically developed close to rivers and coasts, increasing human exposure to flooding. That exposure is exacerbated by changes in climate and population, and by urban encroachment on floodplains. Although the mechanisms of how urbanization affects flooding are relatively well understood, there have been limited efforts to assess the magnitude of floodplain encroachment globally and how it has changed in both space and time. Highly resolved global datasets of both flood risk and changes in urban area from 1985-2015 are now available, enabling the reconstruction of the history of floodplain encroachment at high spatial resolutions. Here we show that the urbanized area in floodplains that have an average probability of flooding of 1/100 years, has almost doubled since 1985. Further, the rate of urban expansion into these floodplains increased by a factor of 1.5 after the year 2000. We also find that urbanization rates were highest in the most hazardous areas of floodplains, with population growth in these urban floodplains suggesting an accompanying increase in population density. These results reveal the scope, trajectory and extent of global floodplain encroachment. With tangible implications for flood risk management, these data can be directly used with integrated models to assess adaptation pathways for urban flooding.
Investigation of osteoporosis and its influencing factors in a group of Chinese patients with Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Zhang Hui , Sheng Xiao-Wen , Zhang Fan , Hu Yu-Qi , Huang Li-Ru , Yuan Xue-Yan , Cui Ai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) seriously influences patient’s quality of life (QOL) due to an abnormally repaired lung structure and damaged lung function, as well as its many complications. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and may impair QOL and increase mortality in ILD patients. We conducted this study to investigate osteoporosis in Chinese ILD patients.
Methods

We performed a cross-sectional survey of 179 Chinese ILD patients. BMD levels were evaluated, and the clinical variables of the patients were recorded. The physical activity and QOL of patients were evaluated by a questionnaire when enrolled. Regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting BMD in ILD patients.
Results

In total, 68.2% of the included patients had an abnormal BMD, 24.6% had osteoporosis, and 43.6% had osteopenia. Decreased of BMD in ILD patients was associated with multiple factors, of which sex, height, weight, ILD subtypes and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) were most significantly. The QOL of ILD patients with osteoporosis is dramatically declining.
Conclusions

Osteoporosis and osteopenia have high prevalence rates in ILD patients and seriously affect patients’ QOL. The development of osteoporosis and low BMD in ILD patients are influenced by multiple factors. Early identification and interventions are expected to benefit the QOL of ILD patients.
Subjective Postural Vertical as a Prognosticator of Lateral Trunk Flexion in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.
Authors: Mikami Kyohei , Shiraishi Makoto , Kamo Tsutomu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study to test our hypothesis that the subjective postural vertical (SPV) ratio, i.e., SPV in relation to the lateral flexion axis, is predictive of lateral trunk flexion (LTF) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study group comprised 25 patients with PD. The SPV angle, i.e., the subjective perception of a vertical position with reference to the vertical axis, and the SPV ratio, i.e., the SPV angle with reference to the axis of lateral flexion, were calculated. The SPV ratio (r = 0.698 p = 0.001) and LTF angle (r = −0.601 p = 0.001) were found to correlate with change in the LTF angle calculated at 1 year. The SPV ratio was significantly smaller in the LTF angle-improved group (n = 12) than in the non-improved group (n = 13) (0.99 ± 0.78 vs 1.66 ± 0.71, p = 0.011). The AUC under the ROC curve of the SPV ratio for discrimination of LTF improvement was 0.795 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.98). Our study showed that the SPV ratio is associated with change in the LTF and that the SPV ratio can conceivably be used to predict the likelihood of improvement in patients’ LTF.
High Expression of lncRNA HEIH is Helpful in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Predicts Poor Prognosis
Authors: He Chaowen , Huang Dongxuan , Yang Fan , Huang Dongsheng , Cao Yahui , Peng Jianfeng , Luo Xiaohua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression and clinical value of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HEIH in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: Healthy subjects (N=70), patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC, N=70) and patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD, N=80) were included. LncRNA HEIH expression in peripheral blood of included subjects was detected. According to the median expression of lncRNA HEIH, LUSC and LUAD patients were divided into lncRNA HEIH high/low expression group. The correlation between lncRNA HEIH and clinical indicators of patients was analyzed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of lncRNA HEIH and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in LUSC and LUAD patients. MedCalc-Comparison of ROC curves was used to compare the area under ROC curve. The cumulative survival rates of lncRNA HEIH high/low expression group were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve.Results: LncRNA HEIH in peripheral blood of LUSC and LUAD patients was higher than that in healthy controls, with no evident difference between LUSC and LUAD groups. LUSC and LUAD patients with high lncRNA HEIH expression had larger tumor size, higher CEA level and tumor stage, and higher risk of lymph node metastasis and distal metastasis. LncRNA HEIH had higher diagnostic efficiency than CEA in NSCLC patients. High expression of lncRNA HEIH predicted poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC.Conclusions: High expression of lncRNA HEIH is helpful in the diagnosis of NSCLC and predicts poor prognosis.
Cytidine Derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitors: Antiviral Prediction, Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Score Investigations
Authors: Kawsar Sarkar Mohammad Abe , Hosen Mohammed Anowar , Fujii Yuki , Ozeki Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a beta coronavirus that was first found during the Wuhan COVID-19 epidemic in 2019 and is listed as a potential global health threat by World Health Organization due to its high mortality. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the optimum targets for antiviral drug design and development. Nucleoside derivatives have been investigated since many years, and some of the most clinically effective antiviral agents used currently include purine or pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives. In this study, the hydroxyl (–OH) groups of cytidine structures were modified with different aliphatic and aromatic groups to obtain 5´-O-acyl and 2´,3´-di-O-acyl derivatives, and then, these derivatives were employed for molecular modeling, molecular docking, antiviral prediction, and pharmacological studies. Density functional theory at the B3LYP/3-21G level was employed to analyze the thermochemical stability and molecular electrostatic potential of the modified derivatives to evaluate the effect of the aliphatic and aromatic groups on the drug properties. All the derivatives were more stable than their parent molecule, cytidine. The experimental and computed IR analyses showed the characteristic peaks for various aliphatic and aromatic groups. The antiviral parameters of the modified derivatives revealed promising drug properties compared with those of standard antiviral drugs. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina to determine binding affinities and interactions between the cytidine derivatives and SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The modified derivatives strongly interacted with prime Cys145 and His41 residues. Finally, the pharmacokinetic characterization of the optimized inhibitors showed the derivatives to be safe due to their improved kinetic properties. Our comprehensive computational and statistical analyses showed that the selected cytidine derivatives can be used as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.
Exploring the Diversity of the Human Blood Virome
Authors: Cebriá-Mendoza María , Bracho María A. , Arbona Cristina , Larrea Luís , Díaz Wladimiro , Sanjuán Rafael , Cuevas José M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metagenomics is greatly improving our ability to discover new viruses, as well as their possible associations with disease. However, metagenomics has also changed our understanding of viruses in general. The vast expansion of currently known viral diversity has revealed a large fraction of non-pathogenic viruses, and offers a new perspective in which viruses function as important components of many ecosystems. In this vein, studies of the human blood virome are often motivated by the search for new viral diseases, especially those associated with blood transfusions. However, these studies have revealed the common presence of apparently non-pathogenic viruses in blood, in particular human anelloviruses and, to a lower extent, human pegiviruses (HPgV). To shed light on the diversity of the human blood virome, we subjected pooled plasma samples from 587 healthy donors in Spain to a viral enrichment protocol followed by massive parallel sequencing. This showed that anelloviruses were clearly the major component of the blood virome and showed remarkable diversity. In total, we assembled 332 complete or near-complete anellovirus genomes, 50 of which could be considered new species. HPgV was much less frequent, but we nevertheless recovered 17 different isolates that we subsequently used for characterizing the diversity of this virus. In-depth investigation of the human blood virome should help to elucidate the ecology of these viruses, and to unveil potentially associated diseases.
[68Ga] Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 And [18F] FDG PET / CT For Diagnosis of Metastatic Lesions In Patients With Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Elboğa Umut , Sayiner Zeynel Abidin , Şahin Ertan , Öztürk Saadettin , Çayırlı Yusuf Burak , Doğan İlkay , Kilbaş Benan , Çelen Yusuf Zeki , Akarsu Ersin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context: PET CT imaging methods based on fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs) have recently demonstrated promising clinical results. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the use of 68Ga-FAPI PET / CT and 18FDG PET / CT imaging techniques to detect the metastatic foci in recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma.Design and Patients: This is a prospective study. Patients who were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma, achieved biochemical recovery after the first operation and having recurrence for papillary thyroid carcinoma on the follow up were included in the study. [68Ga] Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 and [18F] FDG PET / CT were performed for comparative purpose and detection of recurrence localization.Results: [18F] FDG PET / CT detected the metastatic foci in 21 of 29 patients (72.4%), [68Ga] Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 was able to detect the metastatic foci in 25 of 29 patients (86.2%). When the two imaging techniques were used together, the metastatic foci in 27 of the 29 patients could be detected (93.1%.). Also between the [18F] FDG PET / CT SUVmax values and [68Ga] Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 SUVmax values, a statistical significance was found in favor of 68Ga-FAPI PET (p = 0,002).Conclusion: In conclusion, 68Ga-FAPI PET imaging technique can be used as an alternative method to detect the metastatic focus or foci in patients with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma. It can also increase the chance of metastatic focus or foci detection when used in conjunction with the 18 FDG PET.
Real-World Data on Home End-Of-Life Care for Elderly Cancer Patients: A Yokohama Original Medical Database-Based Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Suzuki Yukio , Dohmae Soshi , Ohyama Kohei , Chiba Taiga , Nakagami Sachiko , Miyagi Etsuko , Shuri Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer incidence is expected to increase with population aging, making the availability of places for treating terminal cancer patients a pressing issue. Thus, home medical care is expected to play a crucial role. However, real-world big data on the actual state of home end-of-life care in Japan are limited. We aimed to clarify the real-world state of home end-of-life care for elderly cancer patients using data from an administrative database.
Methods
We analyzed the Yokohama Original Medical Database, which included 2,486,834 people and 29,411,895 medical invoices in 2014 and 2015. Data of target patients were extracted based on three criteria: age ≥ 65 years, malignant neoplasm diagnosis, and having a billing code of home end-of-life care. Medical fee points, including data related to home medical care, emergent admission, and survival time at home, were also analyzed.
Results
Overall, 1,323 people (554 and 769 aged < 80 and ≥ 80 years, respectively; males, 59.2%) had planned to receive home end-of-life care. The < 80-year group had more frequent emergent home visits than the ≥ 80-year group (p < 0.001), but the number of monthly home visits was similar between the two groups (p = 0.267). The average overall survival time at home was 3.9 ± 4.4 months, with the < 80-year group having a shorter survival time than the ≥ 80-year group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Terminal cancer patients aged ≥ 80 years were less dependent on home medical care and had better prognosis at home than terminal cancer patients aged < 80 years did. Our results can provide the basis for providing home medical care through a community-based integrated care system and for evidence-based policymaking.
The Association Between Alkaline Phosphatase and Neurological Outcome in Patients with Post-cardiac Arrest: a Secondary Analysis of Data from Belgium
Authors: he jiacheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Prognostication of the unfavourable neurological outcome(UNO) after Cardiac arrest(CA) is multimodal while blood biomarkers are an attractive option.Serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) is shown to be associated with ischemic stroke and considered as an independent prognostic factor for long-term functional outcome after acute cerebral infarction.We aimed to study the association between ALP and UNO in 3 months in patients after CA.Methods:Review of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU at Erasme Hospital, Brussels (Belgium) following CA between January 2007 and December 2015. The outcome was the UNO in 3 months. We used multivariable logistic regression models to calculate the adjusted odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval(CI). Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to Shock,Dobutamine.used,Hypertension,Cardiac.Etiology and Shockable.Rhythm.Results: We included 374 CA patients. The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk of UNO in 3 months after CA was significantly associated with ALP.When ALP was Equal is divided in 3 groups, the risk of ALP>91 level and adverse outcomes was 1.7407 times of ALP<64 level (P for trend=0.19709).In the non-hypertension group, the risk of adverse outcomes increased with increased ALP by 1.018 (1.0041.01,1.032).Conclusions: ALP is an independent risk factor for the UNO in 3 months after CA, especially in non-hypertension. Elevated ALP was significantly associated with increased UNO in 3 months after CA. However, the prediction significance of ALP for long-term neurological outcome in patients after CA is needed further studied.
WITHDRAWN: CCR2 Contributes to the Homing of MSCs and Liver Regeneration
Authors: Xing Xuekun , Zhang Jiayang , Li Hongnan , Liu Runsheng , Wang Na 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a new therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.However, the inability of stem cells to efficiently return to the target tissue is a major obstacle to repair.The chemokine family and its receptors play an important role in the homing of mesenchymal stem cells.This study was conducted to verify that the overexpression of chemokine receptor CCR2 can contribute to the homing of MSCs, improve the therapeutic effect, and clarify the mechanism of action.Methods: A mouse model of partial hepatectomy was established. Transcriptome sequencing was used to detect the expression of CCl2 in liver tissue.CCR2 was transfected with lentivirus into BMSCs, and the expression of CCR2 in BMSCs was detected by qRT-PCR. The effect of BMSCs overexpressing CCR2 on liver regeneration in mice with partial hepatectomy was detected by liver index, HE staining and serum ALT and AST content. The migration ability of BMSCs modified by CCR2 was observed by Transwell test and PKH26 staining. The influence of CCl2-CCR2 on the homing signaling pathway of BMSCs was detected by Western blot and scratch experiments.Results: The expression of CCl2 was up-regulated during the whole process of liver regeneration.BMSCs can express CCR2 receptor, but lentivirus transfected BMSCs can express more CCR2.The BMSCs modified by CCR2 showed stronger migration ability. At 72 hours after partial hepatectomy, the liver index of BMSCS-CCR2 group was higher than that of BMSCs group, the liver tissue structure tended to be normal, and ALT and AST content decreased significantly. Expression of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway protein was increased in the liver of BMSCS-CCR2 group, while cell migration was decreased after treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632.Conclusion: In summary, this study suggests that CCR2 expression on BMSCs enhances their targeted migration to the liver of partial hepatectomy mice and promotes liver regeneration. The Rho/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in the homing of BMSCs.