bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saline Irrigation Water Retards Growth of Amaranthus in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Oluoch Ogalo Baka , Muindi Esther Mwende , Gogo Elisha Otieno 
Published: September 2021

Salinity is a major biotic factor that negatively affects growth and yield of crops. Over 90% of the coastal region of Kenya is arid and semi-arid, most farmers in the region use borehole irrigation water which is saline. Amaranthus spp. is one of the main vegetables grown in coastal region. There is limited information regarding the effect of salinity on amaranthus production. The study sought to determine the effect of saline irrigation water on amaranthus growth in coastal Kenya. Two experiments were set up, one at Mivumoni Secondary School farm in Kwale County and another at Pwani University farm in Kilifi County from beginning of September 2019 to the end of January, 2020. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The six treatments tested were: fresh water alone, 75% saline water alone, 100% saline water alone, fresh water + DAP, 75% saline water + DAP, 100% saline water + DAP. Crop growth data collected were: emergence rate, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem thickness, root density, root weight, root volume and total plant biomass. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS statistical package (SAS, Version 10) and treatment effects were tested for significance using F-test. Significant means at F-test was ranked using Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance. Amaranthus seeds sown in fresh water had higher emergence rate compared to seeds sown in saline water. Salinity regardless of concentration used and application of DAP, resulted in decrease in height, leaf number, leaf area, stem tickness, chlorophyll content, root length, root weight, root volume and total biomass. The study demonstrates that saline irrigation water in coastal Kenya has a negative effect on Amaranthus growth.
A review on vaccine pharmacovigilance during covid-19
Authors: Navya Jyothi K , Jaka Archana , Velpula Padma sujaya Velpula Padma sujaya , Rupavath Pallavi Nayak , Vaddadi Randeep Raj C 
Published: September 2021

Pharmacovigilance is important for collecting, detecting, monitoring adverse events which is the main objective. The adverse events reported should be assessed in order to know the casual relationship and avoid unnecessary effects on the recipient. Many people are vaccinating in a short period, so it is becoming much burden to the pharmacovigilance centers. The international society of pharmacovigilance (ISOP), the French national agency for medicines and health products safety (ANSM), and many others were in continuous collaboration and taking many initiatives to identify the safety and efficacy of vaccines and to provide answers to the raised questions respectively. Through pharmacovigilance, signals were detected, and many adverse events were identified. Pharmacovigilance of BioNTech/Pfizer-m-RNA, Moderna-mRNA vaccine, Covishield, Johnson and Johnson, Vaxzevria, Sputnik V, Convidecia are addressed. With BioNTech/Pfizer-m-RNA 12,249 ADRs, with Moderna-mRNA vaccine 577 ADRs, with Covishield 447 ADRs, with Johnson and Johnson 653 ADRs, with Vaxzevria 743 ADRs were reported. These vaccines resulted in immune thrombocytopenic purpura, cerebrovascular events, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, facial paralysis, deaths, and many other reactions which may be fatal. But the events reported were less compared to the safety of the patients. All these events were maintained by the Uppsala monitoring center.
Analisis Perilaku Struktur Gedung Berkolom Masif Dan Berlubang
Authors: Tuga Aprilia Romana , Suku Yohanes Laka , Nisanson Marselinus Yunior 
Published: September 2021

Kolom merupakan elemen struktur penting dalam struktur bangunan gedung yang berfungsi menopang dan meneruskan beban aksial dan momen ke struktur pondasi. Kolom berlubang sering digunakan sebagai conduit tempat perpipaan plumbing, mekanikal dan elektrikal untuk tujuan estetika. Penelitian perilaku struktur gedung berkolom massif dan berlubang bertujuan mengetahui perilaku struktur kolom berlubang dengan luasan lubang 3%, 4%, 5% dan 6% dari luasan penampang kolom. Perilaku yang diamati berupa waktu getar struktur, gaya geser dasar, simpangan, dan momen guling. Hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa model struktur dengan kolom berlubang tersebut mempunyai waktu getar struktur lebih kecil dari getar struktur maksimum yang disyaratkan. Akibat adanya lubang berat struktur kolom berlubang menjadi lebih ringan dibandingkan dengan struktur dengan kolom massif sehingga mereduksi gaya geser dasar, simpangan dan momen guling pada struktur dengan kolom massif.
Pendekatan Arsitektur Tropis Pada Bangunan SMAK Syuradikara Ende
Authors: Dede Petrus Jhon Alfred Depa , Siso Silvester Masias , Kerong Fabiola T.A. 
Published: September 2021

Bangunan kolonial di Indonesia merupakan fenomena yang unik, percampuran budaya antara penjajah dan budaya Indonesia yang tidak terdapat ditempat lain serta disesuaikan dengan kondisi iklimnya yaitu iklim tropis lembab. Kota Ende pada masa lalu menjadi salah satu daerah tujuan para pedagang dan pelayar dari Jawa, Makassar, dan Ternate. Karena menjadi salah satu titik transit para pedagang maka sejarah keagamaan dan kepentingan-kepentingan Kolonialisme bermain di daerah-daerah pelabuhan di Kota Ende. Bangunan bernilai sejarah yang masih bertahan dan memiliki ciri arsitektur kolonial di Kota Ende, salah satunya adalah bangunan Sekolah Menengah Atas Katolik (SMAK) Syuradikara, yang keberadaannya tanpa disadari beradaptasi dengan iklim tropis. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kondisi iklim tropis (pendekatan arsitektur tropis) dapat mempengaruhi desain bangunan SMAK Syuradikara di Kota Ende, maka penulis melakukan kajian. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pendekatan terhadap iklim tropis yang dikaji meliputi orientasi bangunan, bukaan dan material yang digunakan. Metode kualitatif deskriptif digunakan untuk menguraikan elemen desain bangunan SMAK Syuradikara yang berkaitan erat dengan iklim tropis. Dalam melakukan kajian ini pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, survey, observasi dan studi literatur. Dari hasil kajian ditemukan bahwa orientasi bangunan secara keseluruhan menghadap dan memanjang kearah utara dan selatan. Permukaan bangunan yang menghadap arah datang dan terbenam matahari hanya sedikit yang menerima panas matahari. Aliran angin di sekitar bangunan datang dari arah timur dan barat dan ruangan yang mendapatkan aliran angin yang baik adalah ruang kelas. Orientasi peletakan jendela lebih dominan menghadap ke arah utara dan selatan. Keberadaan teras disepanjang bangunan untuk mengantisipasi sinar matahari langsung yang mengenai dinding bangunan, serta hempasan dari air hujan. Material lantai dari keramik dan tegel yang belum dipoles dengan permukaan sedikit kasar sehingga menyerap panas, ruangan cenderung lebih dingin. Dinding bangunan terbuat dari susunan bata yang diplester, tebal dinding antara 30 sampai 40 centimeter, sehingga dapat mereduksi udara panas yang ada dalam ruangan.
A genetic algorithm for optimal assembly of pairwise forced-choice questionnaires
Authors: Kreitchmann Rodrigo Schames , Abad Francisco J. , Sorrel Miguel A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of multidimensional forced-choice questionnaires has been proposed as a means of improving validity in the assessment of non-cognitive attributes in high-stakes scenarios. However, the reduced precision of trait estimates in this questionnaire format is an important drawback. Accordingly, this article presents an optimization procedure for assembling pairwise forced-choice questionnaires while maximizing posterior marginal reliabilities. This procedure is performed through the adaptation of a known genetic algorithm (GA) for combinatorial problems. In a simulation study, the efficiency of the proposed procedure was compared with a quasi-brute-force (BF) search. For this purpose, five-dimensional item pools were simulated to emulate the real problem of generating a forced-choice personality questionnaire under the five-factor model. Three factors were manipulated: (1) the length of the questionnaire, (2) the relative item pool size with respect to the questionnaire’s length, and (3) the true correlations between traits. The recovery of the person parameters for each assembled questionnaire was evaluated through the squared correlation between estimated and true parameters, the root mean square error between the estimated and true parameters, the average difference between the estimated and true inter-trait correlations, and the average standard error for each trait level. The proposed GA offered more accurate trait estimates than the BF search within a reasonable computation time in every simulation condition. Such improvements were especially important when measuring correlated traits and when the relative item pool sizes were higher. A user-friendly online implementation of the algorithm was made available to the users.
K2, Spitzer, and TESS Transits of Four Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
Authors: Duck Alison , Harada Caleb K. , Harrell Justin , Morris Ryan R. A. , Williams Edward , Crossfield Ian , Werner Michael , Deming Drake 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present new Spitzer transit observations of four K2 transiting sub-Neptunes: K2-36 c, K2-79b, K2-167b, and K2-212b. We derive updated orbital ephemerides and radii for these planets based on a joint analysis of the Spitzer, TESS, and K2 photometry. We use the EVEREST pipeline to provide improved K2 photometry, by detrending instrumental noise and K2's pointing jitter. We used a pixel-level decorrelation method on the Spitzer observations to reduce instrumental systematic effects. We modeled the effect of possible blended eclipsing binaries, seeking to validate these planets via the achromaticity of the transits (K2 versus Spitzer). However, we find that Spitzer’s signal-to-noise ratio for these small planets is insufficient to validate them via achromaticity. Nevertheless, by jointly fitting radii between K2 and Spitzer observations, we were able to independently confirm the K2 radius measurements. Due to the long time baseline between the K2 and Spitzer observations, we were also able to increase the precision of the orbital periods compared to K2 observations alone. The improvement is a factor of 3 for K2-36 c, and more than an order of magnitude for the remaining planets. Considering possible JWST observations in 1/2023, previous 1σ uncertainties in transit times for these planets range from 74–434 minutes, but we have reduced them to the range of 8–23 minutes.
ALMA Observations of Lyα Blob 1: Multiple Major Mergers and Widely Distributed Interstellar Media
Authors: Umehata Hideki , Smail Ian , Steidel Charles C. , Hayes Matthew , Scott Douglas , Swinbank A. M. , Ivison R. J. , Nagao Toru , Kubo Mariko , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Matsuda Yuichi , Ikarashi Soh , Tamura Yoichi , Geach J. E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present observations of a giant Lyα blob (LAB) in the SSA22 protocluster at z = 3.1, SSA22-LAB1, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Dust continuum, along with [C ii] 158 μm and CO(4–3) line emission have been detected in LAB1, showing complex morphology and kinematics across a ∼100 kpc central region. Seven galaxies at z = 3.0987–3.1016 in the surroundings are identified in [C ii] and dust continuum emission, with two of them potential companions or tidal structures associated with the most massive galaxies. Spatially resolved [C ii] and infrared luminosity ratios for the widely distributed media (L
[Cɪɪ]/L
IR ≈ 10−2−10−3) suggest that the observed extended interstellar media are likely to have originated from star formation activity and the contribution from shocked gas is probably not dominant. LAB1 is found to harbor a total molecular gas mass M
mol = (8.7 ± 2.0) × 1010
M
⊙, concentrated in the core region of the Lyα-emitting area. While (primarily obscured) star formation activity in the LAB1 core is one of the most plausible power sources for the Lyα emission, multiple major mergers found in the core may also play a role in making LAB1 exceptionally bright and extended in Lyα as a result of cooling radiation induced by gravitational interactions.
Collisional Evolution of the Inner Zodiacal Cloud
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Pokorný P. , Malaspina D. M. , Pusack A. , Bale S. D. , Battams K. , Gasque L. C. , Goetz K. , Krüger H. , McComas D. J. , Schwadron N. A. , Strub P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The zodiacal cloud is one of the largest structures in the solar system and strongly governed by meteoroid collisions near the Sun. Collisional erosion occurs throughout the zodiacal cloud, yet it is historically difficult to directly measure and has never been observed for discrete meteoroid streams. After six orbits with Parker Solar Probe (PSP), its dust impact rates are consistent with at least three distinct populations: bound zodiacal dust grains on elliptic orbits (α-meteoroids), unbound β-meteoroids on hyperbolic orbits, and a third population of impactors that may be either direct observations of discrete meteoroid streams or their collisional by-products (“β-streams”). The β-stream from the Geminids meteoroid stream is a favorable candidate for the third impactor population. β-streams of varying intensities are expected to be produced by all meteoroid streams, particularly in the inner solar system, and are a universal phenomenon in all exozodiacal disks. We find the majority of collisional erosion of the zodiacal cloud occurs in the range of 10–20 solar radii and expect this region to also produce the majority of pickup ions due to dust in the inner solar system. A zodiacal erosion rate of at least ∼100 kg s−1 and flux of β-meteoroids at 1 au of (0.4–0.8) × 10−4 m−2 s−1 are found to be consistent with the observed impact rates. The β-meteoroids investigated here are not found to be primarily responsible for the inner source of pickup ions, suggesting nanograins susceptible to electromagnetic forces with radii below ∼50 nm are the inner source of pickup ions. We expect the peak deposited energy flux to PSP due to dust to increase in subsequent orbits, up to 7 times that experienced during its sixth orbit.
The Impact of Online Game Addiction on Adolescent Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Purwaningsih Eni , Nurmala Ira 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 determined that Internet Gaming Disorders (IGD) were included as mental health disorders. Among adolescents, excessive online gaming has become a lifestyle and is associated with psychological symptoms (psychopathological symptoms and life satisfaction), social health (social interactions) and physical health (general health and body mass index). The IGD has now become a problem all over the world.

AIM: This study aims to analyze the impact of online game addiction on adolescents using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were searched extensively from the Pubmed, Sage, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. The search used the keywords "online game addiction", "mental health", and "youth". The inclusive criteria for the included literature in this study were as follow; the literature had to be sourced from journal article, written in English, available in full text, the published between 2011-2021, and the age of the adolescent subject should be 13-18 years. We identified 81 articles of which 20 were deemed relevant for this systematic review.

RESULTS: This review study shows that problematic online gaming behavior has a strong negative correlation with various subjective health outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Early relevant prevention for adolescents from the IGD is the appropriate use of internet/ gadgets as the only option to avoid or to reduce the symptoms of internet addiction and online games.

Keywords :
Online game addiction; Mental health; Adolescents; Good Health and Wellbeing
Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reverse Hepatic Fibrosis, Improved Vascularity, and Attenuate the Apoptosis in Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatic Fibrosis Experimental Rats
Authors: Mostafa Abeer , Altaib Zainab , Sayed Walaa , Rashwan Eman , Albrakati Ashraf 
Published: September 2021

Background: Liver fibrosis is a sequel of different chronic inflammatory diseases. The most effective treatment for end-stage liver fibrosis is liver transplantation; but the shortage of donor organs, immunological rejection, surgical complications, and high medical costs limit the transplantation. That’s why we are in argent need to develop new strategies in treatment. Objectives: to evaluate the role of MSCs in regenerating liver cells and reverse hepatic fibrosis. Materials and Methods: 30 Animals were randomly divided into three groups (10 animals each): group 1: a negative control; group 2: induced liver fibrosis (pathological control).; group 3: induced liver fibrosis that received undifferentiated BM MSCs (3×106 cells/ml intraperitoneally/single dose); The extent of fibrosis, vascularization, and inflammation and hepatic cell apoptosis were evaluated together with assessment of liver functions. Results: The MSCs treated group showed significant improvement of liver functions, and attenuation of fibrosis histopathologicaly and down regulate the expression of TGF ß versus the induced fibrosis group. inflammatory marker(TNF,IL-6) were down regulated and vascularity was restored in MSCs treated group compared to CCL4 induced fibrosis rats. Conclusion: MSCs provide promising therapeutic agents in treatment of liver fibrosis.
Recommandations dans le suivi et l’accompagnement précoce des bébés à risque de développer un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) : dernières avancées scientifiques
Authors: Franchini Martina , Schaer Marie , Eliez Stephan 
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, nous présentons les dernières recherches scientifiques en lien avec le suivi précoce des bébés à risque de développer un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). En particulier, nous nous focalisons sur les avancées scientifiques qui permettent de mieux identifier les difficultés qui peuvent se manifester chez les bébés à risques (notamment, les jeunes frères et sœurs d’enfants ayant déjà reçu un diagnostic). En effet, 10 à 20 % des jeunes frères et sœurs d’un enfant ayant reçu un diagnostic de TSA rencontrent aussi les critères pour un diagnostic de TSA (Grønborg, Schendel & Parner, 2013 ; Ozonoff et al. , 2011), ce qui est supérieur à la prévalence dans une population tout-venant. Les dernières recherches montrent que des difficultés dans le développement peuvent déjà être détectées avant l’âge auquel un diagnostic peut être formellement posé (c.-à-d., dans les deux premières années de vie des enfants). Les recommandations cliniques issues de ces recherches proposent ainsi de suivre les bébés à risque de manière répétée dans leur développement précoce, et en particulier lorsque des inquiétudes développementales sont identifiées, soit par des évaluations standardisées et/ou structurées, soit par les inquiétudes parentales. Des études préliminaires montrent également l’intérêt d’intervenir auprès de cette population dès la moindre inquiétude dans le développement de l’enfant, même avant qu’un diagnostic ne puisse être formellement posé. Ces recommandations rejoignent les préconisations de l’instruction « Triptyque » du 3 e plan Autisme relative au cadre national de repérage, de diagnostic et d’interventions précoces en France.
Le tournant idéaliste du spiritualisme
Authors: Lurson Guillaume 
Published: September 2021

Cet article cherche à mettre en évidence, au sein de l’histoire du spiritualisme, la fonction transcendantale d’un possible basculement vers l’idéalisme. Au travers de la comparaison et de la confrontation des philosophies de Ravaisson, de Lachelier et de Brunschvicg, on cherchera ainsi à interroger la légitimité de ce passage. En effet, si le spiritualisme refuse dans un premier temps l’idéalisme, c’est pour le considérer ensuite comme un moyen nécessaire afin de dépasser les apories initiales de la philosophie de Ravaisson. Le passage à l’idéalisme a-t-il signé la trahison du spiritualisme, ou a-t-il au contraire permis sa poursuite la plus adéquate ?
Morale de bienveillance et morale d’inquisition. La littérature russe devant le totalitarisme
Authors: Rouger Jean Robert 
Published: September 2021

De prime abord, l’expression d’une bonté immédiate, synonyme d’un simple bouleversement émotionnel, ne semble pas pouvoir être un fondement de la morale. Mais par ailleurs, l’obéissance inconditionnelle à la discipline imposée par un État au nom d’une cause commune interdit toute autonomie du jugement. Tel est le dilemme dont témoigne la littérature russe dans les œuvres de Vassili Grossman et d’Evguénia Guinzbourg. Poursuivant une recherche antérieure, relative à l’analyse philosophique de la littérature, nous essayons de montrer ici que nos positions morales, même portées par une théorie éthico-politique élaborée, sont bien, comme le dit Kant dans ses Leçons d’éthique , « sous la condition de la bonté ». Si nous oublions cela, nous sommes inévitablement conduits dans la voie d’une insurmontable brisure éthique entre morale et civilité.
A cross-sectional study of insomnia severity and cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients under remission
Authors: Yella Siva Anoop , Kumar Ch Siva , Miryala Gireesh Kumar , Pabbathi Lokeswara Reddy , Singagari Sai Naveen 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Sleep disturbances are commonly seen in mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Even though psychiatric symptoms are treated, sleep disturbances remain to be persisting in some groups of patients. Persistent sleep disturbances could lead to relapse of the disorder per se or could lead to cognitive dysfunction or impairment. Depending on the severity of insomnia, cognitive impairment can vary among remitted patients.

Methodology:
A total of 200 patients suffering from mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder under remission are taken for the study. After obtaining the sociodemographic profile of the patients, insomnia severity is calculated using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale and cognitive impairment is assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). ISI scores are compared ith MoCA scores and cognitive impairment is assessed in those patients using statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age as found to be 32.08, the mean ISI score is 20.55, and the mean MoCA score is 23.15. ISI score as negatively correlated to MoCA score and age. MoCA score as positively correlated to age.

Conclusions:
Cognitive impairment, as observed on MoCA score, as more hen the insomnia severity is high and also ith increasing age. Correcting the underlying insomnia in remitted patients is very important in preventing cognitive impairment.