bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators Toward Disaster Knowledge, Skills, and Preparedness among Emergency Medical Services in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almukhlifi Yasir , Crowfoot Gary , Hutton Alison 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Disasters pose significant challenges globally, affecting millions of people annually. In Saudi Arabia, floods constitute a prevalent natural disaster, underscoring the necessity for effective disaster preparedness among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers. Despite their critical role in disaster response, research on disaster preparedness among EMS workers in Saudi Arabia is limited.Study Objective/Methods:The study aimed to explore the disaster preparedness among EMS workers in Saudi Arabia. This study applied an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design to explore disaster preparedness among EMS workers in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the qualitative phase. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 EMS workers from National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA) and Ministry of Health (MOH) facilities in Riyadh, Dammam, and Jeddah. Thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s six-step process, ensuring data rigor through Schwandt, et al’s criteria for trustworthiness.Findings:The demographic characteristics of participants revealed a predominantly young, male workforce with varying levels of experience and educational backgrounds. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: (1) Newly/developed profession, highlighting the challenges faced by young EMS workers in acquiring disaster preparedness; (2) Access to opportunities and workplace resources (government versus military), indicating discrepancies in disaster preparedness support between government and military hospitals; and (3) Workplace policies and procedures, highlighting the need for clearer disaster policies, training opportunities, and role clarity among EMS workers.Conclusion:The study underscores the importance of addressing the unique challenges faced by EMS workers in Saudi Arabia to enhance disaster preparedness. Recommendations include targeted support for young EMS professionals, standardization of disaster training across health care facilities, and improved communication of disaster policies and procedures. These findings have implications for policy and practice in disaster management and EMS training in Saudi Arabia.
Changes in the home language environments of US Spanish–English bilinguals between the ages of 4 and 12
Authors: Albudoor Nahar , Anaya Jissel B. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study longitudinally modeled home language exposure patterns of US Spanish–English bilingual children between the ages of 4 and 12. Participants were 280 Spanish–English bilinguals (95% Hispanic, 52% female) who were followed for up to 5 years using a cross-sequential longitudinal design. Multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate language exposure trajectories across four home language sources (adults, peers, electronic media and literacy activities) and three language modes (Spanish-only, English-only and bilingual). Results demonstrated that Spanish interactions with both adults and peers declined as children aged, while bilingual interactions showed a distinct increase over time. Conversely, media exposure and engagement in literacy activities increased over time, irrespective of the language used. Children’s age of first English exposure and current school English exposure also influenced language contact and use in the home. These findings approximate an 8-year exposure trajectory across a continuum of bilingual experiences.
Language exposure and use in study abroad versus migration contexts: modelling activity and learner profiles with ESM data
Authors: Arndt Henriette , Granfeldt Jonas , Gullberg Marianne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Language exposure and use (LEU) are widely viewed as key factors in multilingual development, and research highlights the importance of considering not just the frequency and quantity of LEU, but also contextual factors such as when and where a language is used, with whom and why. In this study, we illustrate the complexity of LEU in two contexts (study abroad and migration) by applying sequential mixture modelling to rich Experience Sampling Method data, considering combinations of various aspects of LEU such as language choice, type of activity, quantity, interlocutor characteristics and learner engagement. We argue that together, these methods for data collection and analysis have the potential to significantly strengthen research into LEU and broader language-related development. By uncovering distinct classes of language-related activities and language user profiles, we gain deeper insight into the nature of situated LEU and its relationship to language development among migrants and in study abroad.
Sorting it out: perceptions of foods among newly arrived adolescent refugees in the Southeastern USA
Authors: Jones-Antwi Rebecca E , Owens Caroline , Hadley Craig , Cunningham Solveig A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To explore the meanings that newly arrived refugee adolescents residing in the Southeastern USA attribute to foods.

Design:
We used methods from cognitive anthropology to assess whether adolescents from different countries share a cultural model of eating behaviours.

Setting:
A school-based study in a community in the Southeastern USA.

Participants:
Adolescents (10–17 years) who arrived in the USA on a refugee visa in the previous year.

Results:
Adolescents showed consensus in grouping items and in identifying some foods as associated with adults and others with children. There was evidence of a shared model of eating practices across age, gender and number of siblings. Adolescents who had lived in a refugee camp were significantly different in how they grouped items.

Conclusions:
Adolescents from nine countries shared a model of eating behaviours; these patterns are consistent with rapid dietary acculturation within 1 year of arrival or with shared models held from pre-arrival. Our finding that adolescents who recently arrived in the USA generally agree about how foods relate to one another holds promise for generalised nutrition and dietary interventions across diverse adolescent groups.
Challenging the hijab ban in India: plural embodiment and secular constitutionalism
Authors: Kannabiran Tella Keertana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the core twin concepts of secularism and pluralism and their location within the Indian constitutional discourse, through a discussion of the hijab ban in the South Indian state of Karnataka. I suggest that attempts at Hindu majoritarian subversion of these core principles face challenges due to the structure of the Indian Constitution, and due to the constitutional agency and mutinies set in motion by women through their legal challenge of state action. I discuss the hijab ban in India and the two judgments on the ban as an example of this attempted subversion but also of its failure, suggesting that these judgments fall short in their reading of this interrelationship between secularism and pluralism. In doing so, I introduce a threefold analytical categorisation, pluralist constitutionalism, constitutional appropriation and constitutional derailment, to help us outline the tensions inherent in constitutional politics in the present.
Enhanced Charging and Mobilization of Photoemitting Dust Particles in a Low‐Density Plasma
Authors: Richmond Josef L. , Pagán Muñoz José H. , Wang Xu , Horányi Mihály , Machacek Joshua R. , Charles Christine , Boswell Roderick W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present the first observations of dust charging and mobilization in a combined vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and plasma environment. It is experimentally demonstrated that exposing photoemitting dust particles to a low‐density plasma enhanced the charge on the particles, accompanied by a significant increase in dust mobilization compared to VUV or plasma exposure alone. Measurements of the dust charge support a proposed ‘charge pumping’ mechanism, in which ambient electrons are collected by photoemitting dust surfaces, causing more photoelectrons to be pumped onto surrounding dust particles, increasing repulsive forces and leading to enhanced mobilization.
Observations of Estuarine Salt Intrusion Dynamics During a Prolonged Drought Event in the Rhine‐Meuse Delta
Authors: Wegman Tess M. , Pietrzak Julie D. , Horner‐Devine Alexander R. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Ralston David K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSalt intrusion poses a global threat to estuaries and deltas, exacerbated by climate change, drought, and sea level rise. This observational study investigates the impact of river discharge, wind, and tidal variations on salt intrusion in a branching river delta during drought. The complexity and spatial extent of deltas make comprehensive measurements challenging and rare. In this paper, we present a 17‐week data set of a historic drought in the Rhine‐Meuse Delta, capturing dynamics in a multiple‐channel system in a wide range of conditions. Key characteristics of this low‐lying delta are its branching channel network and complicated, human‐controlled discharge. Despite the system's complexity, we found that the subtidal salt intrusion length, defined by the 2 PSU isohaline , follows a power law relationship with Rhine River discharge . Subtidal water level variations contribute to short‐term variations in intrusion length, shifting the limit of salt intrusion upstream and downstream with a distance similar to the tidal excursion length. This can be attributed to the up‐estuary transport of seawater, caused by the estuary adjusting to variations in water levels at its mouth. However, spring‐neap variation in the tidal range does not alter the subtidal salt intrusion length. Side branches exhibit distinct dynamics from the main river, and their most important control is the downstream salinity. We show that treating the side branches separately is crucial to incorporate the highly variable downstream boundary condition, and may apply in other deltas or complex estuaries.
Arctic Sea Ice Prediction Based on Multi‐Scale Graph Modeling With Conservation Laws
Authors: Wei Lan , Freris Nikolaos M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArctic sea ice prediction is critical for exploring climate change, resource extraction, and shipping route planning. This paper introduces a novel neural network model, Ice Graph Attention neTwork (IceGAT), that is trained to predict sea ice concentration (SIC) from a number of atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface measurements. It is based on two design principles: (a) the complex spatial interactions in weather dynamics are captured via a series of graphs corresponding to different spatial resolutions and (b) the incorporation of the physical conservation laws for moisture and potential vorticity. We devise two main variants with 1 hr and 24 hr temporal resolution and determine the optimal input horizon to be 5 days. IceGAT features leading accuracy (96.7%; +2.4% over the current state‐of‐the‐art) and low inference time (1/4 s, on a single GPU). An online implementation (based on data from ERA5) alongside supplementary videos and our shared code are accessible at: https://lannwei.github.io/IceGAT/.
External Drivers and Mesoscale Self‐Organization of Shallow Cold Pools in the Trade‐Wind Regime
Authors: Alinaghi Pouriya , Siebesma A. Pier , Jansson Fredrik , Janssens Martin , Glassmeier Franziska 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent observations of the trade‐wind regions highlight the covariability between cold‐pool properties and mesoscale cloud organization. Given the covariability of organization with cloud cover and albedo, this suggests a potential impact of cold pools on the cloud radiative effect (CRE). To explore this, we use an ensemble of 103 large‐domain, high‐resolution, large‐eddy simulations and investigate how the variability in cold pools is determined by large‐scale external cloud‐controlling factors and shaped by processes within the mesoscale. It is demonstrated that the size and frequency of occurrence of cold pools are strongly influenced by the near‐surface horizontal wind speed and large‐scale subsidence. The temporal evolution of cold pools is strongly correlated with the diurnality in radiation. Even without external variability, we find a strong intermittent behavior in the evolution of cold pools, governed by a complex interplay between cold pools and clouds which expresses itself in the form of shallow squall lines. These squall lines result from precipitating downdrafts, cold pool outflows and the resulting gust fronts, reinforcing parent clouds. Cold pools influence the CRE of trade cumuli, but only when they exist during the day. This emphasizes the importance of the synchronization between cold‐pool events and the diurnal cycle of insolation for the dependence of the CRE on cold pools.
Anthropogenic and Hydroclimatic Controls on the CO2 and CH4 Dynamics in Subtropical Monsoon Rivers
Authors: Chen Shuai , Ran Lishan , Duvert Clément , Liu Boyi , Zhou Yongli , Yang Xiankun , Yang Qianqian , Li Yuxin , Li Si‐Liang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic perturbations have substantially altered riverine carbon cycling worldwide, exerting influences on dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) dynamics at multiple levels. However, the magnitude and role of anthropogenic activities in modulating carbon emissions across entire river networks, as well as the influence of climatic controls, remain largely unresolved. Here, we explore the controlling factors of riverine CO2 and CH4 dynamics across 62 subtropical, monsoon‐influenced streams and rivers through basin‐wide seasonal measurements. We found that land use and aquatic metabolism played significant roles in regulating the spatial and temporal patterns of both gases. Increased nutrient levels and organic matter contributed to higher partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CH4 (pCH4). Dissolved oxygen, stable carbon isotope of dissolved inorganic carbon, the proportion of impervious surface, catchment slope, and river width were the major predictors for pCO2. For pCH4, the major predictors were Chlorophyll a and water temperature, which influence organic matter availability and methanogenesis. Seasonal variations in pCO2 and pCH4 were strongly modulated by hydroclimatic conditions, with temperature markedly regulating river ecosystem metabolism. These findings highlight the likelihood of significant changes in riverine carbon emissions as climate changes and land use patterns evolve, thereby profoundly affecting the global carbon cycle.
TRIM59/RBPJ positive feedback circuit confers gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by activating the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Shiyu , He Zhiwei , Cai Kun , Zhang Yan , Zhu Hongyan , Pang Chong , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Dong , Xu Xundi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors that lacks effective treatment, and gemcitabine-based chemoresistance occurs frequently. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for PC are urgently needed. Tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59) plays an important role in breast and lung cancer chemoresistance. However, the association between TRIM59 and gemcitabine resistance in PC remains unclear. We identified TRIM59 as an innovative E3 ubiquitin ligase that activated Notch signaling in PC. TRIM59 levels were increased in PC and positively correlated with poor prognosis and gemcitabine resistance in PC patients. TRIM59 facilitated gemcitabine resistance in PC cells in vitro and in vivo. TRIM59 interacted with recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ) and stabilized it by promoting K63-linked ubiquitination. RBPJ transcriptionally upregulated TRIM59 expression, forming a positive feedback loop with TRIM59. We identified a novel TRIM59 inhibitor, catechin, and confirmed that it sensitized PC cells to gemcitabine. TRIM59 conferred gemcitabine resistance in PC by promoting RBPJ K63-linked ubiquitination, followed by activating Notch signaling. Therefore, our study provides a promising target for gemcitabine sensitization in PC treatment.
Contrasting rule and machine learning based digital self triage systems in the USA
Authors: Naved Bilal A. , Luo Yuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPatient smart access and self-triage systems have been in development for decades. As of now, no LLM for processing self-reported patient data has been published by health systems. Many expert systems and computational models have been released to millions. This review is the first to summarize progress in the field including an analysis of the exact self-triage solutions available on the websites of 647 health systems in the USA.
Mono‐disperse submicron silver powder for conductive elastomer
Authors: Pi Hemu , Zhao Panchao , Lei Chi , Zhang Bosheng , Wang Xiaoyu , Cao Qigao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of superfine silver powder with good dispersity is of great significance for accelerating the development of high‐end electronics and photovoltaic products. Herein, a kind of quasi‐spherical submicron silver powder prepared by the introduction of gelatin during silver ions reduction is reported. The optimal scheme is determined that the initial pH of gelatin solution is 3 and the mass of gelatin (Mw 50,000—70,000) is 10% of silver nitrate, leading to a mono‐disperse silver powder with regular morphology and average particle size of 0.5 µm. In addition, the prepared silver powder can be further combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a stretchable conductive elastomer (PDMS/Ag elastomer). In unstretched state, the minimum sheet resistance of the elastomer can reach 66 Ω/□ without annealing treatment. Even when the elongation reaches 100%, it still exhibits good conductivity with a sheet resistance of only 13 kΩ/□. The comprehensive performance, mainly referring to stretching and conductivity, is comparable to that of some flexible conductive materials involving silver nanowire or nanocarbon. Thus, this study will demonstrate a new class of silver powder with a potential in flexible electronics.
Resultados comparativos en cirugía del túnel carpiano bilateral en 1 y 2 etapas
Authors: Cifuentes Natalia , Naranjo Marco , Sanhueza Miguel , Carrasco Gabriel , González Javier , Henríquez Luis , Barrios Dangelo , Cavalla Pedro , San Martín Javiera 
Published: December 2024

Resumen
Introducción Síndrome túnel carpiano (STC) es la neuropatía por atrapamiento más frecuente, correspondiendo 3-5%1 50-70% es bilateral.2 Se cree que intervenir simultáneamente en 1 tiempo se asocia a mayor disconfort que en 2 tiempos, se asocia a elevado gasto tanto para el paciente como para los sistemas de salud.3

Hipótesis Tratamiento quirúrgico en 1 tiempo es bien tolerado, con tiempo de evolución postoperatorio similar y menor costo.
Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte. Revisión archivos de STC bilateral operados en 1 y 2 tiempos en 1 centro, por el mismo equipo entre 2019-2022, seguimiento 2 y 41 meses. Técnica abierta intertenar.Evaluó: ausentismo laboral, Quick Dash, satisfacción y costos. Consideró ingreso promedio en Chile publicado por Instituto Nacional Estadísticas (INE) 2020 para valorización día laboral perdido (DTP).
Resultados 538 cirugías se rescataron 118:Grupo A: intervención bilateral en 1 tiempo. 26 pacientes. Edad promedio 49.Grupo B: intervención bilateral en 2 tiempos. 33 pacientes. Edad promedio 49.Quick DASH grupo A v/s B promedio 1.74 v/s 3.23 valor p 0.47. DTP 32.88 v/s 84.84; valor p 0.00014. Satisfacción 88% v/s 91%, p 0.69. Gasto incurrido quirúrgico fue, 4979.37 US v/s 5274.63 USConsiderando DTP diferencia fue de US 1503.77
Conclusión Resultado quirúrgico es comparable sin mayor disconfort. Existió diferencia en días laborales perdidos y costos, favoreciendo intervención en 1 tiempo.
Nivel evidencia III
Measurement of relative neutron energy response curve of plastic scintillator detector based on the back-n-white neutron source at CSNS
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Ruan Jinlu , Chen Liang , Zhang Jianfu , He Shiyi , Zhao Kuo , Zhou Leidang , Zhang Silong , Zhao Naizhe , Li Yang , Shu Wenyu , Wang Fangbao , Ouyang Xiaoping 
Published: December 2024

The plastic scintillator detector is widely used to measure pulsed radiation fields, and a high-quality neutron energy response curve is crucial for accurately determining neutron yields. Traditionally, the neutron energy response curve can be obtained by the simulation of the performance of neutron detectors via the knowledge of the light yield of secondary particles or direct measuring energy response. Both methods record signals by a data acquisition system in the counting mode. This work establishes a new model to directly measure the energy response to neutrons of a plastic scintillator detector in current mode with white source spectra. The plastic scintillator detector can be triggered externally. There is no signal loss and dead time, and it is possible to calibrate the neutron detector with a high-intensity neutron source. Efficiencies can be determined at all energies simultaneously, and a rapid calibration of the plastic scintillator detector is available. To validate the experimental results, the theoretical values are obtained by Geant4 simulation, and the results reproduce the shapes of the experimental curves reasonably well. The neutron energy response curves of the detector show that when the thickness of the scintillator is reduced from 3 to 1 mm, the reduction ratio of gamma signal intensity is greater than that of neutron signal intensity, which leads to an increase in the neutron–gamma sensitivity ratio. Meanwhile, the thin scintillator thickness can obtain a somewhat flatter neutron energy response curve compared with other thicknesses.
Response function measurement for a non-destructive gas-sheet beam profile monitor
Authors: Yamada Ippei , Kamiya Junichiro 
Published: December 2024

A gas-sheet beam profile monitor enabling non-destructive two-dimensional profile measurements of a high-intensity beam by capturing an image of a beam-induced fluorescence was developed. For quantitative profile measurements, the monitor’s response function comprising, e.g., the gas sheet density distribution and the detector’s sensitivity distributions must be experimentally clarified because the monitor output is a converted profile with the response function. A response function measurement method was devised based on the beam-profile-measurement method formula of the monitor. The response function was obtained by injecting a thin electron beam into the developed monitor and scanning its center position in transverse. The measured response function was evaluated by the J-PARC 3 MeV, 60 mA H− beam profile measurement. The 2-D beam profile was successfully reconstructed with the measured response function within the 2.74% residual of the least-squares method and 6.01% experimental statistic deviation. The projected 1-D profiles agreed well with those measured using a wire-scanning-type profile monitor.