bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context‐aware user profiles to improve media synchronicity for individuals with severe motor disabilities
Authors: Randolph Adriane B. , Petter Stacie C. , Storey Veda C. , Jackson Melody M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLosing the ability to communicate inhibits social contact, creates feelings of frustration and isolation and complicates personal comfort and medical care. Progressive diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause severe motor disabilities that make communication through traditional means difficult, slow, and exhausting, even with the support of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. Using a design science research approach, we seek to improve the communication process for individuals with severe motor disabilities. We develop a series of design requirements to inform the creation and evaluation of an artefact, an AAC system that incorporates context‐aware user profiles to improve the communication process for individuals with severe motor disabilities. We derive prescriptive knowledge through the creation of design principles based on our findings and justify these design principles using the lens of media synchronicity theory (MST). This research identifies opportunities for further research related to MST and provides insights to inform those designing communication systems for individuals that rely on AAC systems.
Synchrotron phase‐contrast imaging applied to the anatomical study of the hand and its vascularization
Authors: Solé Cruz Eva , Mercier Alexis , Suuronen Jussi‐Petteri , Chaffanjon Philippe , Brun Emmanuel , Bellier Alexandre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicroscopic anatomical study of the hand requires difficult or destructive dissection techniques for each anatomical structure. Synchrotron phase‐contrast imaging (sPCI) allows us to study precisely, at a microscopic resolution and in a nondestructive approach, the soft tissues and bone structures within a single 3D image. Therefore, we aimed to assess the capacity of sPCI to study the arterial anatomy of the hand and digits in human cadavers for anatomical purposes. A non‐injected hand from an embalmed body was imaged using sPCI at 21‐µm pixel size. The vascularization and innervation of the hands were virtually reconstructed at 84‐µm resolution, and the medial neurovascular bundle of the third digit at 21 µm. The thinner‐most distal structures were observed and reported. The diameter and thickness of the vascular and neural structures were defined on 2D computed tomographic axial projections, and using a granulometry method coupled to the 3D reconstructions. The vascularization of the hand was visible from the radial and ulnar arteries to the distal digital transverse anastomoses. The thinnest structure observed was the anastomotic arterial network around the proper palmar digital nerve. The latter emerged from the proper palmar digital artery and vascularized the nerve around its whole length and circumference. The perineural arterioles individualizable at this resolution had a diameter of 66–309 µm. In conclusion, sPCI allows both the arterial and neural anatomy of the hand to be studied at the same time, as well as the anatomical interactions between both networks. It facilitates the study of structures that have different sizes, diameters, thickness, and histological origin with great precision, in a noninvasive way, and using a single technique.
Prevalence of portal vein thrombosis detected by computed tomography angiography in dogs
Authors: von Stade L. E. , Shropshire S. B. , Rao S. , Twedt D. , Marolf A. J. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate dogs with computed tomography angiography of the abdomen for overall prevalence of portal vein thrombosis and prevalence of portal vein thrombosis based on different disease categories. To evaluate dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis for differences in outcome. To compare ultrasound to computed tomographic angiography for identification of portal vein thrombosis.MethodsAbdominal computed tomography angiography of 223 client‐owned animals was reviewed for evidence of portal vein thrombosis. Based on medical records, dogs were assigned to disease categories: (1) liver disease; (2) non‐hepatic neoplasia; (3) pancreatitis; (4) infectious disease; (5) immune‐mediated disease; (6) other; (7) multiple diseases. Different categories were compared for the prevalence of portal vein thrombosis. Outcome was evaluated in dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis. Ultrasound reports were reviewed to determine the detection of thrombosis on ultrasound.ResultsTwenty‐eight dogs (13%) had portal vein thrombosis. The pancreatitis category contained the highest percentage of portal vein thrombosis among different categories (eight of 19; 42%). There was a similar outcome between dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis. Of 21 dogs with portal vein thrombosis that had ultrasound performed, ultrasound detected thrombosis in four of 21 (19%) cases.Clinical RelevanceIn this study, portal vein thrombosis prevalence was higher in dogs with pancreatitis compared to dogs with liver disease, non‐hepatic neoplasia and other abdominal or systemic disease. The portal system should be carefully evaluated with imaging in dogs with pancreatitis. As compared to ultrasound, CT angiography is the imaging method of choice for detection of portal vein thrombosis in dogs.
Diagnostic clinical microbiology
Authors: Blondeau Joseph M. , Rankin Shelley C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTechnological advancements have changed the way clinical microbiology laboratories are detecting and identifying bacterial, viral, parasitic, and yeast/fungal pathogens. Such advancements have improved sensitivity and specificity and reduce turnaround time to reporting of clinically important results. This article discusses and reviews some traditional methodologies along with some of the technological innovations introduced into diagnostic microbiology laboratories. Some insight to what might be available in the coming years is also discussed.
Insomnia and falls in older adults: are they linked to executive dysfunction?
Authors: Unsal Pelin , Sengul Aycicek Gozde , Deniz Olgun , Esme Mert , Dikmeer Ayse , Balcı Cafer , Koca Meltem , Ucar Yelda , Boga Ilker , Burkuk Suna , Halil Meltem Gulhan , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Dogu Burcu Balam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundInsomnia increases the incidence of falls and impairs executive function. Moreover, falls are associated with executive function impairment. The relationship between falls and executive function in patients with insomnia is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between falls and executive function in individuals with insomnia and a control group.MethodsThis study involved 122 patients (47 insomnia, 75 controls). The Mini‐Mental State Examination, Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen, Trail Making Test A, clock‐drawing test, and digit span test were used to measure executive function. Semantic and working memory dual task was also performed. Fall history was recorded and the Falls Efficacy Scale – International administered.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 71 years (range: 65–89 years), and 60.7% were women. The insomnia group scored lower on the three‐word recall than the control group (P = 0.005), but there was no difference between the groups on cognitive tests. Fall history and fear of falling were more frequent in the insomnia group (P = 0.003, P < 0.001). Semantic and working memory dual tasks were correlated with clock‐drawing test only in the insomnia group (r = −0.316, P = 0.031; r = −0.319, P = 0.029). Depression (odds ratio (OR) = 9.65, P = 0.001) and Trail Making Test A (OR = 1.025, P = 0.07) were independently associated with insomnia. Four‐metre walking speed (OR = 2.342, P = 0.025), insomnia (OR = 3.453; P = 0.028), and the semantic memory dual task (OR = 1.589; P = 0.025) were also independently associated with falls.ConclusionOur study showed that dual tasking and executive function are related to falls in patients with insomnia. Managing insomnia and assessment of executive dysfunction may have beneficial effects on preventing falls.
Epidemiology, clinical spectrum, viral kinetics and impact of COVID‐19 in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Kwok Kin On , Huang Ying , Tsoi Margaret Ting Fong , Tang Arthur , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Wei Wan In , Hui David Shu Cheong 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTCOVID‐19 has hit the world by surprise, causing substantial mortality and morbidity since 2020. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology, induced impact, viral kinetics and clinical spectrum of COVID‐19 in the Asia‐Pacific Region, focusing on regions previously exposed to outbreaks of coronavirus. COVID‐19 progressed differently by regions, with some (such as China and Taiwan) featured by one to two epidemic waves and some (such as Hong Kong and South Korea) featured by multiple waves. There has been no consensus on the estimates of important epidemiological time intervals or proportions, such that using them for making inferences should be done with caution. Viral loads of patients with COVID‐19 peak in the first week of illness around days 2 to 4 and hence there is very high transmission potential causing community outbreaks. Various strategies such as government‐guided and suppress‐and‐lift strategies, trigger‐based/suppression approaches and alert systems have been employed to guide the adoption and easing of control measures. Asymptomatic and pre‐symptomatic transmission is a hallmark of COVID‐19. Identification and isolation of symptomatic patients alone is not effective in controlling the ongoing outbreaks. However, early, prompt and coordinated enactment predisposed regions to successful disease containment. Mass COVID‐19 vaccinations are likely to be the light at the end of the tunnel. There is a need to review what we have learnt in this pandemic and examine how to transfer and improve existing knowledge for ongoing and future epidemics.
All in the family: The role of family networks, collective action frames, and identity in Latino movement participation
Authors: Tueme Nabil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe family is often described as the foundation of Latino immigrant communities. Scholars interested in the political activism of Latino immigrants in the United States have consequently sought to examine the relationship between the family and recruitment to social movement participation. Overall, this research focuses on how the family can promote Latinos' political activism. However, less is known about the conditions under which the family may hinder activism. Family dynamics may be particularly demobilizing for certain segments of the Latino population with liminal or undocumented status. This article reviews two groups of the recent literature on Latino political mobilization: (a) social networks; and (b) collective action frames. By drawing on insights from social movement theory, the article concludes by arguing for more research that theorizes on the family as a group identity, powerfully enabling, and constraining Latino movement participation.
We must do better: Ableism and fatphobia in sociology
Authors: Stoll Laurie Cooper , Egner Justine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSociologists have contributed greatly to our understanding of how systems of oppression operate and work together to produce injustice. However, they have paid considerably less theoretical and empirical attention to fatphobia and ableism compared to some other systems of oppression. Worse yet, noncritical sociological research on fat bodies and disabled bodyminds has often contributed to the perpetuation of both. In this critical literature review of articles on disability and body size in the three highest ranking sociology generalist journals and two medical sociology journals over the past 10 years, we illustrate the main consequences when sociologists fail to employ a critical approach to the study of fat bodies and disabled bodyminds, including their use of eugenical logic and language. We conclude by offering suggestions for how sociologists can do better moving forward.
Occult and active hepatitis B virus detection in donated blood in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Nishiya Anna S. , Levi José E. , de Almeida‐Neto Cesar , Witkin Steven S. , Ferreira Suzete C. , Bassit Leda , Sabino Ester C. , Di‐Lorenzo‐Oliveira Claudia , Salles Nanci A. , Coutinho Adenilson S. , Bellesa Maria A. , Rocha Vanderson , Mendrone‐Jr Alfredo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study determined the HBV antigen, antibody, and DNA status in blood donations deemed to be HBV positive. Individuals with an occult HBV infection (OBI), defined as being positive for HBV DNA but negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), as well as those with active infection (HBsAg‐positive), were identified and characterized.Study Design and MethodsFrom a total pool if 198,363 blood donations, we evaluated in a cross‐sectional study, 1106 samples that were positive in screening tests for antibody to HBV core antigen (HBcAb), HBsAg, and/or HBV DNA by nucleic acid testing (NAT‐HBV). The presence of genetic variants in the HBV pol/S gene in individuals with an active HBV infection was also determined.ResultsOBIs were detected in six of 976 samples (0.6%) that were positive only for HBcAb. The rate of HBV active infection was 0.024% (48/198,363) and there was a predominance of HBV sub‐genotype A1 (62.2%, 28/45), followed by D3 (17.8%, 8/45). Mutations in the S gene were found in 57.8% (26/45) and immune escape mutations in 37.8% (17/45) of active HBV‐infected donors. Among them, T123N, G145A, and D144G high‐impact immune escape mutations were identified.ConclusionHighly sensitive molecular tests improve the capacity to detect OBIs. When NAT is performed in pooled samples, HBcAb test has value in the detection of donors with OBI and improves transfusion safety. Mutations in the S gene are frequent in HBsAg‐positive blood, including those associated with diagnostic failure and vaccine escape mutations.
Exploration of COVID‐19 related fears deterring from blood donation in India
Authors: Sachdev Suchet , Kishore Kamal , Singh Lakhvinder , Lamba Divjot Singh , Hans Rekha , Dhawan Hari Krishan , Grover Sandeep , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) has impacted and pushed the healthcare settings to extremes across the globe. It was extremely challenging to sustain blood donation, and strategies could be formulated on knowing fears hindering blood donation.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey using Google Forms® through WhatsApp and email after obtaining the ethical clearance. The survey questionnaire was validated for content using the Delphi technique, and pilot tested for finalization.ResultsThe survey was attempted by 1066 participants, and 749 participants who had not donated since pandemic were included in the study. A little more than half, 415 (55%) reported either one or more than one fear during the pandemic which hindered blood donation. They reported lack of confidence in the safety measures at the hospitals and fear of transmitting infection to family, in 415 (55%) of the participants each, respectively. The fear of COVID‐19 hospital infection risk and hospital entry was statistically significant across the age groups that are eligible for blood donation.ConclusionsThe clear and dedicated confidence building measures to sustain blood donation using all communication modalities clearly emerge as the most important strategies to augment blood donation in the COVID‐19 pandemic. The measures should include information about implementation of safety measures to mitigate COVID‐19 transmission at the blood centres and that the act of blood donation does not increase risk of COVID‐19 and therefore the risk of transmission of infection to family.
Three‐dimensional printed guides for screw placement in equine navicular bones
Authors: Perez‐Jimenez Erik E. , Biedrzycki Adam H. , Morton Alison J. , McCarrel Taralyn M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of a custom 3D‐printed guide for placement of cortical bone screws in the equine navicular bone.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationEight pairs of normal adult equine forelimbs.MethodsA 3.5 × 55 mm cortical screw was placed in the longitudinal axis of each intact navicular bone. Screws were placed with a 3D‐printed guide (3D) in one bone and with a traditional aiming device (AD) in the contralateral bone within each pair. Duration of surgery and the number of fluoroscopy images were compared between techniques. Screw placement was subjectively evaluated by gross examination and scored by three boarded veterinary surgeons.ResultsThe use of a 3D‐printed guide reduced the duration of surgery by 6.6 min (±1.5 min) compared to traditional screw placement (20.7 min ± 4.8 min, p < .01). Fewer peri‐operative fluoroscopic images were obtained when the 3D guide was used (18 images ± 2.6 images vs. 40 images ± 5.1, p < .01). No difference was detected in navicular screw placement.ConclusionThe use of a 3D guide decreased the time required to place screws and the number of intraoperative images taken without affecting screw placement in intact navicular bones.Clinical relevance3D‐printed guides can aid in the study, practice, and execution of surgical procedures reducing surgical time and radiation exposure throughout the operative period achieving similar results to those obtained with a conventional approach.
Network- and Differential-Analyzer Solution of Torsional Oscillation Problems Involving Nonlinear Springs
Authors: Concordia C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper (a) points out that, just as in the case of linear systems, the “alternating-current network analyzer” may he used to extend the graphical method to the direct solution of torsional-oscillation problems involving many masses and springs, more than one of which may he nonlinear, and (b) illustrates the use of the “differential analyzer” in solving steady-state vibration problems in which the approximate graphical method cannot be applied or does not give satisfactory solutions. In both of these methods the torque-amplification curves are determined simply and directly. It is indicated that the same methods apply to linearly vibrating systems with nonlinear springs as well as to systems having, for example, nonlinear damping or inertia coefficients.
Distribution of Tooth Load Along a Pinion
Authors: Poritsky H. , Sutton A. D. , Pernick A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The distribution of load along a spur gear and pinion or among the teeth of a helical gear and pinion is of great interest in the design and performance of gears. If the load is unevenly distributed, certain parts are not carrying their due share of load, while the resulting concentration of load elsewhere may result in local failure. This paper is concerned with the calculation of load distribution, and the analysis of the factors responsible for the character of this distribution.
Cumulative Damage in Fatigue
Authors: Miner Milton A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of cumulative damage under repeated loads was assumed to be related to the net work absorbed by a specimen. The number of loading cycles applied expressed as a percentage of the number to failure at a given stress level would be the proportion of useful life expended. When the total damage, as defined by this concept, reached 100 per cent, the fatigue specimen should fail. Experimental verification of this concept for an aluminum alloy, using different types of specimens, various stress ratios, and various combinations of loading cycles is presented. These data are also analyzed to provide information on different stress ratios when an S-N curve for any one ratio is known. Results of a sample analysis based on experiments are given. It is concluded that a simple and conservative analysis is possible using the concept of cumulative fatigue damage.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Intermittent Electromagnetic Stirring on the Columnar-Equiaxed Transition in Sn–10 wt % Pb Alloy Solidification
Authors: Abdelhakem Ab. , Hachani L. , Zaidat K. , Sari I. , Fautrelle Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Experimental analysis of stratification, electromagnetic stirring (EMS), and solidification were carried out for two solidification experiments for a binary Sn–10 wt % Pb alloy. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of forced convection driven by an intermittent traveling magnetic field on the solidification process. Several aspects were investigated, namely, thermal field, macrostructure, and finally segregation behavior, as well as morphology. The effect of the both thermal and solutal stratification on the intensity of the flow is discussed yet showed that stratification has a stabilizing effect for the flow, which can also slow the convective hydrodynamic movements generated by the buoyancy forces. The consequence of this stratification on macrosegregations and channel segregation, which develop during the solidification period, is experimentally analyzed. EMS by intermittent traveling magnetic promotes the development of the columnar-equiaxed transition mechanism (CET), more particularly the refinement of the grain size. The results illustrate, also, that EMS effectively diminish macrosegregations significantly, while remaining inactive for reducing channels segregation development.
Thermal Transport in Laminar Convective Flow of Ferrofluids in the Presence of External Magnetic Field
Authors: Shah Ram Krishna , Drave Jai Kumar , Khandekar Sameer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) numerical investigation is carried out to examine the effect of magnetic field (MF) on laminar forced convection of ferrofluids. Laminar flow (Reynolds number (Re) ≤ 100) of ferrofluid is modeled in a square mini-channel of 2 mm hydraulic diameter in the presence of the MF. A magnetic force is induced in ferrofluids because of the applied MF, which accelerates the upstream flow and decelerates the downstream flow with respect to the magnet's location. The acceleration/deceleration of the flow disrupts the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers (BLs), positively affecting the heat transfer. The extent of magnetic influence primarily depends on the Reynolds number and induced magnetic force. At low Re (= 25), where magnetic force dominates over inertial force, the flow of ferrofluid is strongly affected by the MF. This results in a higher augmentation in convective heat transfer. As the Re of the flow is increased to Re = 75, the inertial forces partially overcome the effect of the magnetic force, resulting in a smaller augmentation. The interaction of magnetic and inertia forces is expressed through a dimensionless magnetic Froude number (Frm). The effect of volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, Reynolds number, and the presence of multiple magnets placed along the flow channel on heat transfer is investigated through a parametric study. A correlation has also been proposed to predict the net enhancement in the Nusselt number due to the application of the MF based on the results of the present study.