bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of glycemic regulation and endotrophin in patients with type 2 Diabetes; pilot study
Authors: Yoldemir Sengul Aydin , Arman Yucel , Akarsu Murat , Altun Ozgur , Ozcan Mustafa , Tukek Tufan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Endotrophin is one of the extracellular matrix proteins secreted by adipose tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of changes in blood glucose levels on serum endotrophin levels secreted by adipose tissue and thus on diabetes.

Methods
In this prospective pilot study included 78 patients with type 2 diabete (T2D) with hemoglobin A1c level > 9 %. Lifestyle changes were recommended and appropriate medical treatment was initiated to all patients in order to reach the target HbA1c level. Data of anthropometric measurements, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), serum lipid parameters and endotrophin were collected in patients; all examinations were repeated after 3 months. Analysis was performed using Paired-Samles T test and Spearman tests.

Results
Of patients, 23 were female (54.8 %) and 19 were male (45.2 %). Mean age was 55.2 years, with mean diabetes age of 8.14 ± 5.35 years. After 3 months follow-up, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-reactive protein(CRP), UACR and endotrophin levels were observed to clearly reduce. The variation in serum endotrophin levels examined at the start of the study and in the 3rd month was identified to have a positive correlation with the variation in HbA1c and UACR levels (r = 0.342, p = 0.02; r = 0.484, p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed percentage variation values (δ)-endotrophin levels were only independently correlated with (δ)-UACR (model r2 = 0.257, p value = 0.00).

Conclusions
Endotrophin levels decreased significantly with the decrease in HbA1c. Unexpectedly, this reduction in endotrophin levels is closely related to the decrease in UACR, regardless of blood glucose regulation. We think that studies targeting endotrophin will contribute to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diabetic nephropathy in the future.
Evaluation of CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ rapid membrane enzyme immunoassay to detect Campylobacter spp. antigen in stool samples
Authors: Franco Justine , Bénejat Lucie , Ducournau Astrid , Mégraud Francis , Lehours Philippe , Bessède Emilie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCampylobacter spp. enteritis is the most frequent bacterial enteritis in both adults and children and is sometimes a source of severe complications. Its diagnosis by culture suffers from a lack of sensitivity and delays the result, preventing an early initiation of optimal antibiotic therapy in some cases. Our aim was to test a new rapid immuno-enzymatic method for Campylobacter spp. diagnosis in comparison to a composite reference standard (CRS). Stool samples from the French National Reference Center for Campylobacter and Helicobacter were tested with the CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ (Abbott). The CRS used to consider a case positive for Campylobacter spp. was a positive culture and, in case of a negative culture, a positive result obtained with both an ELISA and a molecular test. One hundred and eight stools were included: 53 were positive according to the CRS. If performed alone, culture would have missed 5 cases which the CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ detected. Finally, the CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ showed a sensitivity of 96.2% and a specificity of 94.5% and is relevant for clinical practice. Given the characteristics of the new method, it can be used as a screening method for Campylobacter spp. detection.
Feasibility of salivary cortisol collection in patients and companions attending dementia diagnostic meetings in memory clinics
Authors: Pavlickova H. , Russell A. E. , Lightman S. , McCabe R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Receiving a diagnosis of dementia is life-changing for the individual and their companion. The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of collecting salivary cortisol from patients who are informed if they have dementia and their companions. Patients and companions collected nine saliva samples in three batches: 1–2 weeks before, immediately before, and immediately after the diagnostic meeting. Each batch consisted of three samples taken in the evening, after awaking and 30 mins post-waking.

Results
22.7% (N = 10) of 44 invited patients and nine companions agreed, with 18.2% patients (N = 8) and 15.9% companions (N = 7) providing samples. Participants found that saliva collection was demanding and disrupted routines. On a purely descriptive level, some indications of an increased cortisol stress response in patients diagnosed with dementia were found in this very small sample. Researchers should expect low recruitment rates in this elderly population. Simpler collection procedures, e.g. pre-labelled packages with date/time, possible omission of morning samples and objective rather than self-report assessment of waking and saliva collection times—using actigraphy wrist-watches bleeps to prompt people at the timepoints and electronic track caps—might improve adherence and improve the accuracy of timepoints when swabs were actually collected.
Ulam–Hyers stabilities of a differential equation and a weakly singular Volterra integral equation
Authors: Ege Ozgur , Ayadi Souad , Park Choonkil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work we study the Ulam–Hyers stability of a differential equation. Its proof is based on the Banach fixed point theorem in some space of continuous functions equipped with the norm $\|\cdot \|_{\infty }$

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. Moreover, we get some results on the Ulam–Hyers stability of a weakly singular Volterra integral equation using the Banach contraction principle in the space of continuous functions $C([a,b])$
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.
Investigation of the p-Laplacian nonperiodic nonlinear boundary value problem via generalized Caputo fractional derivatives
Authors: Matar M. M. , Abbas M. I. , Alzabut J. , Kaabar M. K. A. , Etemad S. , Rezapour S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA newly proposed p-Laplacian nonperiodic boundary value problem is studied in this research paper in the form of generalized Caputo fractional derivatives. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are fully investigated for this problem using some fixed point theorems such as Banach and Schauder. This work is supported with an example to apply all obtained new results and validate their applicability.
Seasonal dynamics of iron and phosphorus in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region
Authors: Norgbey Eyram , Li Yiping , Zhu Ya , Nwankwegu Amechi S. , Bofah-Buah Robert , Nuamah Linda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in sediments have direct and indirect impacts on water quality. However, the mobility of P and Fe in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region remains unclear. This study examined P and Fe pollution in sediments in a Eucalyptus plantation region using the novel planar optode, the ZrO-Chelex DGT, and the DIFS model.

Results
Direct in situ investigations showed that the levels of labile P and Fe were smaller in the Eucalyptus species-dominated sediments (X2) compared to sediments without Eucalyptus species (X1). The mean concentration of labile P and Fe decreased by 25% and 42% from X1 to X2. The decrement was insignificant (p = 0.20) in the surface sediment concentration for labile P. The significant disparity for DGT-Fe (Fe2+) (p = 0.03) observed in the surface sediments could be attributed to the Eucalyptus species’ elevated organic matter (tannins) concentration at X2, which reacted and consumed labile Fe. For both regions, the maximum concentration of labile P and Fe occurred in November (autumn). The reductive decomposition of Fe/Mn oxides was recognized as the main driver for their high P efflux in July and November. Low concentration of labile P and Fe was observed in December (winter) due to the adsorption of Fe/Mn oxides. The concentration of labile Fe synchronizes uniformly with that of labile P in both sediments indicating the existence of a coupling relationship (r > 0.8, p < 0.01) in both regions. The positive diffusion fluxes in both regions suggested that the sediments release labile P and Fe. The fluxes of labile P and Fe in both regions were substantially higher (p < 0.05) in the summer (anoxic period) than winter (aerobic period), indicating that hypoxia and redox conditions influenced the seasonal efflux of labile P and Fe. From the DIFS model, the replenishment ability of reactive P was higher during the anoxic period (R = 0.7, k1 = 79.4 day− 1, k-1 = 0.2 day− 1) than the aerobic period (R = 0.4, k1 = 14.2 day− 1, k-1 = 0.1 day− 1), suggesting that oxygen inhibited the efflux of P in the sediments.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that hypoxia, Eucalyptus species (organic matter (tannins)), and redox conditions influenced the seasonal mobility of sediment labile P and Fe. Our findings provided an insight into the mobility of labile P and Fe in Eucalyptus-dominated sediments and, moreover, serves as a reference for developing future studies on Eucalyptus-dominated sediments.
The impact of project ECHO on physician preparedness to treat opioid use disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Puckett Hunter M. , Bossaller Jenny S. , Sheets Lincoln R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a medical condition that has evolved into a serious and deadly epidemic in the United States. Both medical and psychological interventions are called for to end this growing epidemic, but too few health care professionals are trained to treat OUD. One proven model of training physicians and cross-disciplinary teams in treating a variety of disorders is exemplified by Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes), a collaborative tele-mentoring program in which specialists train health-care workers to treat medical conditions, especially those that affect underserved populations. This systematic review found that Project ECHO has the potential to effectively extend current services to patients suffering from OUD, but that there is also a gap in knowledge regarding this type of training. The articles that we reviewed all presented evidence that Project ECHO improves healthcare provider preparedness to treat OUD, especially in regard to improving knowledge and self-efficacy.
Carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in a high-density informal settlement in Kenya is associated with environmental risk-factors
Authors: Omulo Sylvia , Lofgren Eric T. , Lockwood Svetlana , Thumbi Samuel M. , Bigogo Godfrey , Ouma Alice , Verani Jennifer R. , Juma Bonventure , Njenga M. Kariuki , Kariuki Samuel , McElwain Terry F. , Palmer Guy H. , Call Douglas R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The relationship between antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance varies with cultural, socio-economic, and environmental factors. We examined these relationships in Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi—Kenya, characterized by high population density, high burden of respiratory disease and diarrhea.

Methods
Two-hundred households were enrolled in a 5-month longitudinal study. One adult (≥ 18 years) and one child (≤ 5 years) participated per household. Biweekly interviews (n = 1516) that included questions on water, sanitation, hygiene, and antibiotic use in the previous two weeks were conducted, and 2341 stool, 2843 hand swabs and 1490 drinking water samples collected. Presumptive E. coli (n = 34,042) were isolated and tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics.

Results
Eighty percent of presumptive E. coli were resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes. Stool isolates were resistant to trimethoprim (mean: 81%), sulfamethoxazole (80%), ampicillin (68%), streptomycin (60%) and tetracycline (55%). Ninety-seven households reported using an antibiotic in at least one visit over the study period for a total of 144 episodes and 190 antibiotic doses. Enrolled children had five times the number of episodes reported by enrolled adults (96 vs. 19). Multivariable linear mixed-effects models indicated that children eating soil from the household yard and the presence of informal hand-washing stations were associated with increased numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (counts increasing by 0·27–0·80 log10 and 0·22–0·51 log10 respectively, depending on the antibiotic tested). Rainy conditions were associated with reduced carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (1·19 to 3·26 log10 depending on the antibiotic tested).

Conclusions
Antibiotic use provided little explanatory power for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Transmission of resistant bacteria in this setting through unsanitary living conditions likely overwhelms incremental changes in antibiotic use. Under such circumstances, sanitation, hygiene, and disease transmission are the limiting factors for reducing the prevalence of resistant bacteria.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in children: risk factors and mortality rate
Authors: Alsuhaibani Mohammed , Aljarbou Alanoud , Althawadi Sahar , Alsweed Abdulrahman , Al-Hajjar Sami 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen that can cause an invasive and fatal infection, particularly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. However, little is known about the impact of S. maltophilia bacteremia in pediatric patients. Therefore, we aimed to identify risk factors for mortality, antibiotics susceptibility to S. maltophilia, and mortality rates in pediatric patients with S. maltophilia bacteremia.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study by identifying all S. maltophilia positive blood cultures in the microbiology laboratory database between January 2007 and December 2018 from hospitalized pediatric patients (age 1–14 years). After identifying patients with S. maltophilia bacteremia, medical charts were reviewed for demographics, clinical data, and outcomes within seven days of bacteremia diagnosis. Risk factors associated with mortality in S. maltophilia bacteremia patients were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Findings
Sixty-eight pediatric patients with S. maltophilia bacteremia were identified. All infections were nosocomial infections, and (88.2%) bacteremia cases were catheter-related bloodstream infections. On multivariate analysis, ICU admission prior to bacteremia episode and neutropenia were the major risk factors associated with mortality. S. maltophilia was the most susceptible to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX, 94.1%), followed by levofloxacin (85.7%). The overall mortality rate within seven days of S. maltophilia bacteremia diagnosis was 33.8%.

Conclusion
S. maltophilia bacteremia is a devastating emerging infection associated with high mortality among hospitalized children. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt management based on local susceptibility data are crucial. Various risk factors, especially ICU admission prior to bacteremia episode and neutropenia, are associated with S. maltophilia bacteremia mortality.
A mixed community of skin microbiome representatives influences cutaneous processes more than individual members
Authors: Loomis Kristin H. , Wu Susan K. , Ernlund Amanda , Zudock Kristina , Reno Allison , Blount Kianna , Karig David K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Skin, the largest organ of the human body by weight, hosts a diversity of microorganisms that can influence health. The microbial residents of the skin are now appreciated for their roles in host immune interactions, wound healing, colonization resistance, and various skin disorders. Still, much remains to be discovered in terms of the host pathways influenced by skin microorganisms, as well as the higher-level skin properties impacted through these microbe-host interactions. Towards this direction, recent efforts using mouse models point to pronounced changes in the transcriptional profiles of the skin in response to the presence of a microbial community. However, there is a need to quantify the roles of microorganisms at both the individual and community-level in healthy human skin. In this study, we utilize human skin equivalents to study the effects of individual taxa and a microbial community in a precisely controlled context. Through transcriptomics analysis, we identify key genes and pathways influenced by skin microbes, and we also characterize higher-level impacts on skin processes and properties through histological analyses.

Results
The presence of a microbiome on a 3D skin tissue model led to significantly altered patterns of gene expression, influencing genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and the extracellular matrix (among others). Moreover, microbiome treatment influenced the thickness of the epidermal layer, reduced the number of actively proliferating cells, and increased filaggrin expression. Many of these findings were evident upon treatment with the mixed community, but either not detected or less pronounced in treatments by single microorganisms, underscoring the impact that a diverse skin microbiome has on the host.

Conclusions
This work contributes to the understanding of how microbiome constituents individually and collectively influence human skin processes and properties. The results show that, while it is important to understand the effect of individual microbes on the host, a full community of microbes has unique and pronounced effects on the skin. Thus, in its impacts on the host, the skin microbiome is more than the sum of its parts.
Microdiversity and phylogeographic diversification of bacterioplankton in pelagic freshwater systems revealed through long-read amplicon sequencing
Authors: Okazaki Yusuke , Fujinaga Shohei , Salcher Michaela M. , Callieri Cristiana , Tanaka Atsushi , Kohzu Ayato , Oyagi Hideo , Tamaki Hideyuki , Nakano Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Freshwater ecosystems are inhabited by members of cosmopolitan bacterioplankton lineages despite the disconnected nature of these habitats. The lineages are delineated based on > 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, but their intra-lineage microdiversity and phylogeography, which are key to understanding the eco-evolutional processes behind their ubiquity, remain unresolved. Here, we applied long-read amplicon sequencing targeting nearly full-length 16S rRNA genes and the adjacent ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences to reveal the intra-lineage diversities of pelagic bacterioplankton assemblages in 11 deep freshwater lakes in Japan and Europe.

Results
Our single nucleotide-resolved analysis, which was validated using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, uncovered 7–101 amplicon sequence variants for each of the 11 predominant bacterial lineages and demonstrated sympatric, allopatric, and temporal microdiversities that could not be resolved through conventional approaches. Clusters of samples with similar intra-lineage population compositions were identified, which consistently supported genetic isolation between Japan and Europe. At a regional scale (up to hundreds of kilometers), dispersal between lakes was unlikely to be a limiting factor, and environmental factors or genetic drift were potential determinants of population composition. The extent of microdiversification varied among lineages, suggesting that highly diversified lineages (e.g., Iluma-A2 and acI-A1) achieve their ubiquity by containing a consortium of genotypes specific to each habitat, while less diversified lineages (e.g., CL500-11) may be ubiquitous due to a small number of widespread genotypes. The lowest extent of intra-lineage diversification was observed among the dominant hypolimnion-specific lineage (CL500-11), suggesting that their dispersal among lakes is not limited despite the hypolimnion being a more isolated habitat than the epilimnion.

Conclusions
Our novel approach complemented the limited resolution of short-read amplicon sequencing and limited sensitivity of the metagenome assembly-based approach, and highlighted the complex ecological processes underlying the ubiquity of freshwater bacterioplankton lineages. To fully exploit the performance of the method, its relatively low read throughput is the major bottleneck to be overcome in the future.
Composition of weighted finite transducers in MapReduce
Authors: Elghadyry Bilal , Ouardi Faissal , Verel Sébastien 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWeighted finite-state transducers have been shown to be a general and efficient representation in many applications such as text and speech processing, computational biology, and machine learning. The composition of weighted finite-state transducers constitutes a fundamental and common operation between these applications. The NP-hardness of the composition computation problem presents a challenge that leads us to devise efficient algorithms on a large scale when considering more than two transducers. This paper describes a parallel computation of weighted finite transducers composition in MapReduce framework. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to tackle this task using MapReduce methods. First, we analyze the communication cost of this problem using Afrati et al. model. Then, we propose three MapReduce methods based respectively on input alphabet mapping, state mapping, and hybrid mapping. Finally, intensive experiments on a wide range of weighted finite-state transducers are conducted to compare the proposed methods and show their efficiency for large-scale data.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia using dental implants—a clinical report
Authors: Schnutenhaus Sigmar , Götz Werner , Luthardt Ralph G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdult patients with oral manifestations of untreated syndromic malformations usually exhibit a high degree of suffering. In this clinical report, we describe the implant-supported prosthetic treatment of a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia, a rare autosomal-dominant inherited malformation syndrome. Therapy for oral manifestations of cleidocranial dysplasia should be started in early childhood; however, the 26-year-old patient in the present study had not undergone orthodontic therapy in childhood. The treatment measures performed prior to this study were limited to the removal of several permanent teeth. Surgical pretreatment, placement of six implants each in the maxilla and mandible, and prosthetic restoration are described. The implantation was guided using a three-dimensional template. Long-term immediate temporary restoration and immediate loading of the implants were performed. The definitive prosthetic restoration was completed using fixed, acrylic resin-veneered screw-retained fixed dental prostheses. The clinical and radiological parameters observed in this case suggest that surgical and prosthetic procedure concepts from implantology can be adopted for patients with CCD.