bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating software tools to conduct systematic reviews: a feature analysis and user survey
Authors: Pellegrini Marta , Marsili Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Systematic reviews are research synthesis methods increasingly used in educational research to support evidence-based decision making. The conduction of a systematic review is a complex process with several phases usually supported by software tools. These tools used at the international level are not currently common in the Italian educational research. This work describes four software tools used in the international educational research and evaluates their general functionality and specific features’ usability to conduct the systematic review phases of study screening and selection. For this purpose, this study uses two methods: a feature analysis (Kitchenham et al., 1997) and an expert survey (Harrison et al., 2020). The results of both investigation methods agree to consider Covidence and Rayyan the most functional software tools in conducting SR. Among the four tools, ASReview has the greatest potential for making the process of a SR more efficient.

Una valutazione dei software per condurre revisioni sistematiche: analisi delle caratteristiche e sondaggio a esperti
Le revisioni sistematiche sono metodi di sintesi di ricerca sempre più utilizzati in campo educativo al fine di supportare il processo decisionale basato su evidenze. La conduzione di una revisione sistematica, poiché complessa e su più fasi, è sovente supportata in ambito internazionale da software specifici attualmente poco diffusi nella ricerca educativa italiana. Il contributo presenta quattro software utilizzati nella ricerca educativa internazionale e valuta le funzionalità generali e l’usabilità di caratteristiche specifiche per condurre le fasi di screening e di selezione degli studi. A questo scopo lo studio impiega i metodi dell’analisi delle caratteristiche (Kitchenham et al., 1997) e del sondaggio ad esperti in revisioni sistematiche (Harrison et al., 2020) in campo educativo. I risultati di entrambi i metodi di indagine concordano nel ritenere Covidence e Rayyan gli strumenti più funzionali per condurre revisioni sistematiche, mentre ASReview risulta il software con maggiore potenzialità per rendere il processo più efficiente.
CIVES - Citizens Towards Sustainability. Emblematic results of a research
Authors: Bornatici Sara , Vacchelli Orietta 
Published: August 2021

L. n. 92/2019 introduced the transversal teaching of civic education in schools of all levels from the 2020-2021 school year. This contribution, without any claim to being exhaustive, proposes an interpretative reflection starting from some data that emerged in the context of the CIVES research (CIttadini VErso la Sostenibilità) which started from the training course on sustainable development aimed at the referring teachers of civic education of 51 Brescia institutes. The observations collected in the group debates highlighted fundamental contextual data for setting educational interventions, in an overall situation that appears very heterogeneous. Culture of sustainability and solidarity citizenship constitute two possible interpretations of the legislative proposal, taken for the training of teachers.

CIVES - CIttadini VErso la Sostenibilità. Esiti emblematici di una ricerca
La L. n. 92/2019 ha introdotto dall’anno scolastico 2020-2021 l’insegnamento trasversale dell’educazione civica nelle scuole di ogni ordine e grado. Il presente contributo, senza alcuna pretesa di esaustività, prospetta una riflessione interpretativa a partire da alcuni dati emersi nell’ambito della ricerca CIVES (CIttadini VErso la Sostenibilità) che ha preso le mosse dal corso di formazione in tema di sviluppo sostenibile rivolto ai docenti referenti di educazione civica di 51 istituti bresciani. Le osservazioni raccolte nei dibattiti di gruppo hanno evidenziato dati contestuali fondamentali per impostare interventi educativi, in una situazione complessiva che appare assai eterogenea. Cultura della sostenibilità e cittadinanza solidale configurano due possibili chiavi di lettura della proposta legislativa, assunte per la formazione dei docenti.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC MONITORING COMMISSIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EPIDEMIC: SOME LEGAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Малолеткина Наталья Сергеевна 
Published: August 2021

Автором рассматривается проблема эффективности деятельности членов общественных наблюдательных комиссий в период эпидемии. Особое внимание уделяется правовой основе деятельности членов общественных наблюдательных комиссий в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы с учетом имеющихся ограничений, связанных с эпидемией. Согласно ст. 85 УИК РФ возможно введение режима особых условий в исправительных учреждениях для противодействия и нейтрализации негативных последствий от стихийных бедствий, различных оснований введения чрезвычайного положения, указанных в ст. 3 ФКЗ Российской Федерации «О чрезвычайном положении», групповых неповиновений осужденных и пр. Режим особых условий предусматривает возможность введения дополнительных ограничений в отношении осужденных к лишению свободы и корректировку организации деятельности подразделений администрации исправительного учреждения (ч. 2 ст. 85 УИК РФ). В статье предлагается повторно изучить уже имеющийся опыт ряда пилотных проектов, которые реализовывались в исправительных учреждениях, и по мере необходимости внедрить их для повышения эффективности общественного пенитенциарного контроля за обеспечением прав осужденных. Формулируются также предложения по совершенствованию уголовно-исполнительного и иного законодательства в этой сфере.
The article deals with the problem of the effectiveness activity of public monitoring commission members during the epidemic. Special attention is paid to the legal basis of the activities of public monitoring commissions members in the penal institutions, taking into account the existing restrictions associated with the epidemic. According to Article 85 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, it is possible to introduce a regime of special conditions in correctional institutions to counteract and neutralize the negative consequences of natural disasters, various grounds for the introduction of a state of emergency specified in Article 3 of the Federal Criminal Code of the Russian Federation «On the State of Emergency», group disobedience of convicts, etc. The regime of special conditions provides for the possibility of introducing additional restrictions on persons sentenced to imprisonment and adjusting the organization of the departments activities of the penal administration (Part 2 of Article 85 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The article proposes to re-examine the existing experience of a number of pilot reform that were implemented in correctional institutions and, if necessary, to implement them to improve the effectiveness of public penitentiary control over the rights of convicts. Proposals are also formulated to improve the penal enforcement and other legislation in this area.
REVISITING THE TECHNICAL MEANS USAGE FOR DETECTING NARCOTIC DRUGS AND (OR) PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Денисенко Олег Игоревич 
Published: August 2021

Работа посвящена организационно-правовым аспектам использования технических средств для обнаружения наркотических и психотропных веществ в ИУ и СИЗО. Рассмотрены основные способы их поступления с акцентированием внимания на таком способе, как пронос наркотических средств и (или) психотропных веществ через контрольно-пропускной пункт различных субъектов. Выявлены проблемные аспекты досмотровых мероприятий, проводимых сотрудниками УИС ФСИН России на данном пункте. Проблема заключается в не урегулированном на сегодняшний день перечне используемых технических средств обнаружения наркотических средств и (или) психотропных веществ в процессе прохода лиц на территорию исправительного учреждения или следственного изолятора. В работе рассмотрены некоторые тактико-технические данные технических средств, которые используются таможенными органами, которые могут быть использованы и сотрудниками УИС. Предложены некоторые варианты решения рассматриваемых проблем путем внесения в нормативно-правовые акты Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний норм, устанавливающих порядок и условия использования технических средств по обнаружению наркотических средств и (или) психотропных веществ на контрольно-пропускном пункте людей.
The work is devoted to the organizational and legal aspects and the flow of narcotic drugs and (or) psychotropic substances into the territory of correctional institutions or pre-trial detention centers for convicts in various ways. The main methods of their receipt are considered, with an emphasis on such a method as bringing narcotic drugs and (or) psychotropic substances through the checkpoint of various subjects. The problematic aspects of the inspection activities at this point, which are carried out by penal employees, have been identified. The problem lies in the currently unregulated list of the use of technical means for detecting narcotic drugs and (or) psychotropic substances in the process of the passage of persons into the territory of a correctional institution or a pre-trial detention center. The paper considers some tactical and technical data of technical means that are used by customs authorities, which can serve as an example of their implementation in the penal system of Russia. Some options are proposed for solving the problems under consideration by introducing norms into the regulatory legal acts of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia that establish the procedure and conditions for the use of technical means for the detection of narcotic drugs and (or) psychotropic substances at the checkpoint of people.
Gravitational-wave Signatures from Compact Object Binaries in the Galactic Center
Authors: Wang Huiyi , Stephan Alexander P. , Naoz Smadar , Hoang Bao-Minh , Breivik Katelyn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Almost every galaxy has a supermassive black hole (SMBH) residing at its center, the Milky Way included. Recent studies suggest that these unique places are expected to host a high abundance of stellar and compact object binaries. These binaries form hierarchical triple systems with the SMBH and undergo the eccentric Kozai–Lidov (EKL) mechanism. Here we estimate the detectability of potential gravitational-wave emission from these compact objects within the frequency band of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo detectors. We generate a post-EKL population of stars at the onset of Roche limit crossing and follow their evolution to compact object binaries. As a proof of concept, we adopt two metallicities, solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) and 15% of it (Z = 0.003). We demonstrate that over the observation timescale of LISA, black hole (BH) binaries (BH–BH) and white dwarf (WD) binaries provide the most prominent GW sources via the EKL-assisted merger channel. Systems involving neutron stars (NSs) are less observable but possibly abundant through different merger channels. Our population synthesis of BH–BH with Z = 0.02 (Z = 0.003) translates to ∼4 (24) events per year with LIGO within a 1 Gpc3 sphere. We also estimated the number of binaries visible in the LISA band within the inner parsec of our Galactic center (and possibly other galaxies) to be about 14–150 WD–WD, 0–2 NS–BH, 0.2–4 NS–NS, and 0.3–20 BH–BH.
Is Solar Minimum 24/25 Another Unusual One?
Authors: Li Huichao , Feng Xueshang , Wei Fengsi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solar minimum 23/24 is considered to be unusual because it exhibits features that differ notably from those commonly seen in previous minima. In this Letter, we analyze the solar polar magnetic field, the potential-field solution of the solar corona, and the in situ solar wind measurements to see if the recent solar minimum 24/25 is another unusual one. While the dipolar configuration that is commonly seen during minimum 22/23 and earlier minima persist for about half a year after the absolute minimum of solar cycle 24, the corona has a morphology that is more complex than a simple dipole before the absolute minimum. The fast solar wind streams are less dominant than minimum 23/24. The interplanetary magnetic field strength, density, and mass flux that are historically low in the minimum 23/24 are regained during minimum 24/25, but still do not reach the minimum 22/23 level. From the analysis of this Letter, it seems that the minimum 24/25 is only partly unusual, and the recovery of the commonly minimum features may result from the enhancement of the polar field.
Evidence for a Transient Emission Feature at 1524 Å in the Far Ultraviolet Spectrum of 21 Com
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Evidence is presented for the presence of a transient emission feature at 1524 Å in the far ultraviolet spectrum of 21 Com recorded by the International Ultraviolet Explorer during the 1979 event. This event is characterized by he sudden appearance of broad and intense absorption features shortwards of 1720 Å. The emission feature at 1524 Å is tentatively identified as a Si i line also present in the FUV spectra of quiescent dMe dwarfs. During the event, the flux level in the continuum adjacent to this line is about 1.6 times higher than in the mean spectrum outside event.
Belatedly Habitable Planets
Authors: Tuchow Noah W. , Wright Jason T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Stars do not remain static, so their habitable zones evolve in time. Over a star's evolution, its habitable zone encompasses new planets, and it remains uncertain whether these planets can become habitable. We refer to this often overlooked class of planets as lying in the belatedly habitable zone, and stress that many planets found in the habitable zones of other stars will belong to this class. Future studies should take belated habitability into account and not implicitly assume that these planets are habitable.
Business startup motives and growth expectations of micro and small-scale entrepreneurs in Southern Province of Sri Lanka: the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation
Authors: Sriyani G. T. W. , Fairoz F. Mafasiya , Silva M. W. S. Sanjeewa , Jayampathi E. K. 
Published: August 2021

New venture creations are vital for the economic growth of any country because of its contribution to employment generation, employment generation, GDP, innovations and value additions. Though a large number of new venture creations occur every year in Sri Lanka, research findings highlighted that a smaller percentage was able to survive. Hence, the number of business establishments cannot be considered as a meaningful indicator of economic growth of the country and the high failure rate is a crucial issue. Past studies revealed that business startup motives effect on the business growth and Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) plays a crucial role in directing the business towards success. Studies are lacking about the impact of business startup motives on the success and survival of newly established ventures and the mediating role of the EO on the relationship between start-up motives and new venture success. Therefore, the present study focused to reveal whether significant relationship exists between business startup motives and growth expectations; growth expectations between the necessity driven (NDEs) and opportunity driven entrepreneurs (ODEs); and whether EO plays a mediating role on the relationship between business startup motives and growth expectations. Independent Sample T test and Structural Equation Modeling were applied to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that significant difference exists between the NDEs and ODEs in terms of proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy and no significant difference exists in growth expectations between the NDEs and ODEs. Entrepreneurial Orientation partially mediates the relationship between business startup motives and growth expectations.
Effects of Piper nigrum fruit and Cinnamum zeylanicum bark alcoholic extracts, alone and in combination, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice
Authors: Teymuori Mohammad , Yegdaneh Afsaneh , Rabbani Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that is thought to be triggered via disruption of cholinergic neurons and enhanced oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant phytochemicals with the ability to fortify cholinergic function should help in preventing the progress of the disease. This study aimed at evaluating the combinational effects of two popular herbs one with anticholinesterase activity namely Piper nigrum and the other with antioxidant capacity, Cinnamomum zeylanicum.

Experimental approach:
In this study, P. nigrum extract (PN) (50, 100 mg/kg, ip) and C. zeylanicum extract (CZ) (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, ip) and their combinations were administered for 8 days before the injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip). Mice were then tested for their memory using two behavioral models, namely the object recognition test and the passive avoidance task.

Findings/Results:
Administration of scopolamine significantly impaired memory performance in both memory paradigms. In the passive avoidance test (PAT) model, PN at doses up to 100 mg/kg and CZ at doses up to 400 mg/kg did not significantly alter the memory impairment induced by scopolamine. The combination of these two plant extracts did not change the PAT parameters. In the object recognition test (ORT) model, however, administration of 100 mg/kg CZ alone and a combination of PN (50 mg/kg) with CZ (400 mg/kg), significantly increased the recognition index (P < 0.05).

Conclusion and implications:
Two plant extracts when administered alone or in combinations affected the memory performance differently in two memory paradigms. In the PAT model, the extracts did not show any memory improvement, in ORT, however, some improvements were observed after plant extracts.
Effect of ethanolic extract of Stachys pilifera Benth on subacute experimental models of inflammation and some underlying mechanisms
Authors: Zarezade Vahid , Sadeghi Heibatollah , Panahi Kokhdan Esmaeel , Nikbakht Jafar , Molavi Mehdi , Mostafazadeh Mostafa , Abedi Sayed Aghil , Sadeghi Hossein 
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:
This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of S. pilifera (HESP) in two sub-acute models of inflammation and clarified some possible mechanisms.

Experimental approach:
Colorimetric methods were used to determine total phenol and flavonoid contents. Carrageenan or formalin-induced rat paw edema (seven days) and multiple application TPA-induced ear edema in mice (9 days) were used. The concentration of IL-1 and TNF-α were measured in the inflamed paw, as well as MDA levels in the serum and liver. Histopathological studies and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were also studied using heat-or hypotonicity-induced hemolysis in RBC humans.

Findings/Results:
Total phenol and flavonoid contents of HESP were 101.35 ± 2.96 mg GAE/g extract and 660.79 ± 10.06 mg RE g extract, respectively. Oral (100 and 200 mg/kg) and topical application (5 mg/ear) of HESP significantly inhibited formalin-induced paw edema and multiple TPA-induced ear edema. The extract also significantly decreased the serum and liver levels of MDA in the carrageenan and formalin tests. The elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the carrageenan-injected paw were not affected by HESP. The extract (50-800 μg/mL) inhibited heat-or hypotonicity-induced hemolysis. Histopathological examination of the inflamed tissues revealed that HESP inhibited congestion and leukocyte infiltration.

Conclusion and implications:
The findings confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory effects of S. pilifera in two sub-acute inflammation models and suggested that these properties were not related to IL-1 and TNF-α, but could be attributed to inhibition of lipid peroxidation, membrane stabilization, and inhibition of leukocyte penetration.
Anti-inflammatory effects of saxagliptin and vildagliptin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Mostafa Rasha Ezzat , Morsi Azza Hassan , Asaad Gihan Farag 
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:
The clinical use of the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DXR), is significantly limited by its extensive multi-organ toxicity. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is over-expressed in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. DPP4 inhibitors have proven pleiotropic effects. The study investigates the protective effects of some DDP4 inhibitors; namely, saxagliptin (SAX) and vildagliptin (VIL) against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Experimental approach:
Forty rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I served as normal control. Nephrotoxicity was induced in the remaining 3 groups by single-DXR injection (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Groups III and IV administered oral SAX (10 mg/kg) and VIL (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks.

Findings/Results:
DXR-control rats showed deteriorated renal functions, elevated renal inflammatory parameters (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)), up-regulated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and significant tubulointerstitial injury manifested by elevated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration and distorted renal histopathological pictures. Immunohistochemical studies showed increased iNOS and Bax positivity in renal tissues of DXR-control rats. Treatment with SAX and VIL significantly attenuated DXR-induced nephrotoxicity via alleviation of all the above-mentioned parameters when compared to DXR-control rats.

Conclusion and implications:
The study elucidated the possible mechanisms beyond DXR-induced nephrotoxicity to be through inflammation plus tubulointerstitial injury. DXR nephrotoxicity has been linked to TNF-α, IL-1β, and NLRP3 inflammasome up-regulation and iNOS expression. The protective role of SAX and VIL in mitigating the tubular injury and inflammatory effects of DXR on renal tissues has been tested and proved.
Attitude of Prescribers about the Rational Use of Antibiotics for Common Infections in a Clinical Setting as Part of Antibiotic Stewardship Program
Authors: Palanisamy Priyadharsini Raman , Natrajan Nagalingam , Balaji Vignesh Kanna 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The resistance of the bacteria toward the antibiotics is growing day by day, and it is a serious threat globally. The reasons are self-medication, unjustified prescription of antibiotics, high use of antibiotics in livestock, and nonadherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines by prescribers. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of the prescribers toward the prescription of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire which contains questions to assess the knowledge and attitude of the prescribers. The questionnaire had three parts: the first part was used to obtain the basic demographic characteristics from participants, the second part had questions regarding the antibiotic indication in common infections, and the third part assessed the knowledge questions about antibiotic resistance. The questionnaire was attempted by eighty prescribers.

Results:
More than 50% of the medical practitioners agreed that antibiotics had to be used for some common infections such as acute gastroenteritis, asymptomatic bacteriuria in nonpregnant patients, and burn wounds with no evidence of infection. The knowledge of the prescribers regarding antibiotic resistance is variable.

Conclusion:
A higher percentage of the prescribers responded in favor of the use of antibiotics for common infections. It requires an awareness program to sensitize the prescribers regarding the prescription of antibiotics for appropriate indications and the seriousness of antibiotic resistance.