bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease burden and treatment sequence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients in Japan: a real-world evidence study
Authors: Miyazaki Celine , Ishii Yutaka , Stelmaszuk Natalia M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction/objectives
Since new consensus on polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) were released in Japan, an updated evidence on treatment landscape and PM/DM burden was essential. This study evaluates treatment burden and overall treatment cost of PM/DM-related inpatient and outpatient visits, treatments, and procedures/patient/year.

Method
This retrospective, observational study analyzed insurance claims from Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) database. Patients with at least one PM/DM diagnosis/one dispensation of treatment between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 were enrolled. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns and sequence, treatment choices, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and related costs were assessed. Chi-square test and linear regression model were used to assess impact of patient characteristics on treatment choice.

Results
Patients (836/4,961) receiving a relevant treatment were analyzed. Heart disease (35%), interstitial lung disease (27%), and diabetes mellitus (26%) were frequently identified as comorbidities. Concomitant dispensation of immunosuppressants and systemic steroids was largely found in first and second line of treatment (LoT) while systemic steroids remained as single dominant treatment across all LoTs. HCRU was very low for inpatient visits (0.68 [1.43]) or rehabilitation (4.74 [14.57]). The mean (SD) number of inpatient visits decreased from first (1.23 [2.32]) to third year (0.11 [0.54]). Total mean (SD) healthcare cost per patients per year was ¥ 3,815,912 (7,412,241), with overall drug dispensation compounding to 80% of total cost.

Conclusions
High concomitant immunosuppressant and systemic steroid prescriptions in first LoT recommend early optimal treatment to manage PM/DM. Although inpatient costs are low, outpatient dispensation costs increase overall economic burden.

Key Points• Japan faces treatment challenges in the prognosis of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) and thus, we assessed the real-world treatment landscape, practice, patterns, and healthcare resource utilization as an evidence to support healthcare outcome improvement and treatment burden reduction.• Systemic steroids were the dominant preferred choice of treatment, but it increases the overall cost of the treatment due to the resultant comorbidities considering possible side-effects promotion.• Thus, an increased awareness towards the disease management among patients and medical doctors is required for better management goals based on this real-world practice evidence.
Tipping for charity: a field experiment in charitable giving on free walking tours
Authors: Butz Britta , Harbring Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe following field experiment analyzes the effect of payments in a setting of shared social responsibility where charitable giving is incorporated into a pay-what-you-want scheme as a share of the payment. The field experiment involved free walking tours. Within a timeframe of 10 weeks, tours operated as usual, while every second week a Donation Week was implemented. During Donation Week, 5% of the tips were donated to a charitable organization by the tour firm. Results reveal that tips are significantly higher in the Donation Week compared to the Baseline and that the rise in tips roughly outweighs the cost of the donation payment. Thus, while tour guides’ profits do not differ between treatments donations to charity may be generated additionally in Donation Week.
Automated and interactive evaluation of welding producibility in an multidisciplinary design optimization environment for aircraft components
Authors: Madrid Julia , Andersson Petter , Söderberg Rikard , Wärmefjord Kristina , Kveselys Donatas , Lindkvist Lars , Lööf Johan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe automation capabilities and virtual tools within engineering disciplines, such as structural mechanics and aerodynamics, enable efficient Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) approaches to evaluate and optimize the performance of a large number of design variants during early design stages of aircraft components. However, for components that are designed to be welded, in which multiple functional requirements are satisfied by one single welded structure, the automation and simulation capabilities to evaluate welding-producibility and predict welding quality (geometrical deformation, weld bead geometrical quality, cracks, pores, etc) are limited. Besides the complexity of simulating all phenomena within the welding process, one of the main problems in welded integrated components is the existing coupling between welding quality metrics and product geometry. Welding quality can vary for every new product geometrical variant. Thus, there is a need of analyzing rapidly and virtually the interaction and sensitivity coefficients between design parameters and welding quality to predict welding producibility. This paper presents as a result an automated and interactive welding-producibility evaluation approach. This approach incorporates a data-based of welding-producibility criteria, as well as welding simulation and metamodel methods, which enable an interactive and automated evaluation of welding quality of a large number of product variants. The approach has been tested in an industrial use-case involving a multidisciplinary design process of aircraft components. The results from analyzing the welding-producibility of a set of design variants have been plotted together with the analysis results from other engineering disciplines resulting in an interactive tool built with parallel coordinate graphs. The approach proposed allows the generation and reuse of welding producibility information to perform analyses within a big spectrum of the design space in a rapid and interactive fashion, thus supporting designers on dealing with changes and taking fact-based decisions during the multidisciplinary design process.
Invariants for EA- and CCZ-equivalence of APN and AB functions
Authors: Kaleyski Nikolay S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn (n,m)-function is a mapping from${\mathbb {F}_{2}^{n}}$F2nto${\mathbb {F}_{2}^{m}}$F2m. Such functions have numerous applications across mathematics and computer science, and in particular are used as building blocks of block ciphers in symmetric cryptography. The classes of APN and AB functions have been identified as cryptographically optimal with respect to the resistance against two of the most powerful known cryptanalytic attacks, namely differential and linear cryptanalysis. The classes of APN and AB functions are directly related to optimal objects in many other branches of mathematics, and have been a subject of intense study since at least the early 90’s. Finding new constructions of these functions is hard; one of the most significant practical issues is that any tentatively new function must be proven inequivalent to all the known ones. Testing equivalence can be significantly simplified by computing invariants, i.e. properties that are preserved by the respective equivalence relation. In this paper, we survey the known invariants for CCZ- and EA-equivalence, with a particular focus on their utility in distinguishing between inequivalent instances of APN and AB functions. We evaluate each invariant with respect to how easy it is to implement in practice, how efficiently it can be calculated on a computer, and how well it can distinguish between distinct EA- and CCZ-equivalence classes.
Clinical anatomy of the musculoskeletal system in the hip region
Authors: Tsutsumi Masahiro , Nimura Akimoto , Akita Keiichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the hip joint is regarded as inherently stable, hip pain and injuries caused by traumatic/non-traumatic hip instability are relatively common in active individuals. A comprehensive understanding of hip anatomy may provide better insight into the relationships between hip stability and clinical problems. In this review, we present our recent findings on the hip morphological characteristics, especially focusing on the intramuscular tendon of the gluteus medius tendon and its insertion sites, hip capsular attachment on the anterosuperior region of the acetabular margin, and composition of the iliofemoral ligament. We further discussed the hip stabilization mechanism based on these findings. The characteristics of the gluteus medius tendon suggest that even a single muscle has multiple functional subunits within the muscle. In addition, the characteristics of the hip capsular attachment suggest that the width of the capsular attachment is wider than previously reported, and its wide area shows adaptive morphology to mechanical stress, such as bony impression and distribution of the fibrocartilage. The composition of the iliofemoral ligament and its relation to periarticular structures suggest that some ligaments should be defined based on the pericapsular structures, such as the joint capsule, tendon, and aponeurosis, and also have the ability to dynamically coordinate joint stability. These anatomical perspectives provide a better understanding of the hip stabilization mechanism, and a biomechanical study or an in vivo imaging study, considering these perspectives, is expected in the future.
Revisiting the Recharge and Discharge Processes for Different Flavors of El Niño
Authors: Chakravorty Soumi , Perez Renellys C. , Gnanaseelan C. , Anderson Bruce T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEl Niño‐related sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the tropical Pacific Ocean impact global climates, but these impacts differ substantially for conventional cold tongue El Niño (CT El Niño) and the central Pacific El Niño (CP El Niño) events. This study is motivated by the need for a better understanding of the recharge/discharge processes associated with these two different flavors of El Niño. Composite analysis based on improved CT and CP El Niño identification methods applied to the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation demonstrates that the recharge/discharge processes are active during CT El Niño events. In contrast, for CP El Niño events, the recharge/discharge processes do not play a significant role. Prior to a CT El Niño, warm water accumulates over the western Pacific due to off‐equatorial anticyclonic wind stress curl. The onset of a CT El Niño is closely associated with the formation of a cyclonic atmospheric circulation over the northwest Pacific in the winter and spring, which induces westerly wind anomalies in the equatorial western Pacific and initiates eastward warm water transport. This leads to peak warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific the following winter, followed by the poleward discharge of warm water. This quasi‐cyclical behavior provides a measure of predictability. In contrast, the CP El Niño events do not show a precursor subsurface warming signal along the tropical Pacific thermocline. Instead, modest warm SST anomalies appear in boreal summer and peak in the fall, with weak subsurface warming mainly in the fall during CP El Niños. Hence, CP El Niños are less predictable in terms of an equatorial thermocline precursor than CT El Niño events.
Well‐Switching to Reduce Arsenic Exposure in Bangladesh: Making the Most of Inaccurate Field Kit Measurements
Authors: Jameel Yusuf , Mozumder M. Rajib Hassan , van Geen Alexander , Harvey Charles F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWell‐switching programs in Bangladesh have successfully lowered arsenic exposure. In these programs, households switch from wells that are labeled “unsafe” to nearby wells labeled “safe,” but these designations are usually based on inherently inaccurate field kit measurements. Here, we (a) compare the efficacy of field‐kit measurements to accurate laboratory measurements for well switching, (b) investigate the potential impact on well switching of the chosen “safe” threshold, and (c) consider the possible benefits of providing more detailed concentration information than just “safe” and “unsafe.” We explore different hypothetical mitigation scenarios by combining two extensive data sets from Araihazar Bangladesh: a blanket survey of 6595 wells over 25 km2 based on laboratory measurements and 943 paired kit and laboratory measurements from the same area. The results indicate that the decline in average arsenic exposure from relying on kit rather than laboratory data is modest in relation to the logistical and financial challenge of delivering exclusively laboratory data. The analysis further indicates that the 50 μg/L threshold used in Bangladesh to distinguish safe and unsafe wells, rather than the WHO guideline of 10 μg/L, is close to optimal in terms of average exposure reduction. We also show that providing kit data at the maximum possible resolution rather than merely classifying wells as unsafe or safe would be even better. These findings are relevant as the government of Bangladesh is about to launch a new blanket testing campaign of millions of wells using field kits.
Valproic acid disables the Nrf2 anti-oxidant response in acute myeloid leukaemia cells enhancing reactive oxygen species-mediated killing
Authors: Jiang Yao , Southam Andrew D. , Trova Sandro , Beke Flavio , Alhazmi Bader , Francis Thomas , Radotra Anshul , di Maio Alessandro , Drayson Mark T. , Bunce Chris M. , Khanim Farhat L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
We previously demonstrated the in vitro killing of AML cells by the combination of the lipid-lowering agent bezafibrate (BEZ) and the contraceptive hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). A phase II trial demonstrated in vivo safety and efficacy of BEZ and MPA (BaP) in elderly, relapsed/refractory AML and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. However, we observed dose-limiting toxicities in a second trial that attempted to improve outcomes via escalation of BaP doses. Thus we sought to identify a third repurposed drug that potentiates activity of low dose BaP (BaP 0.1 mM).

Methods and Results
We demonstrate that addition of a commonly used anti-epileptic, valproic acid (VAL) to low dose BaP (BaP 0.1 mM)(VBaP) enhanced killing of AML cell lines/primary AML cells to levels similar to high dose BaP (BaP 0.5 mM). Similarly, addition of VAL to BaP 0.1 mM enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis. Overexpression of Nrf2 in K562 and KG1a completely inhibited ROS production and rescued cells from VAL/BaP 0.1 mM/VBaP killing.

Conclusions
Given the good safety data of low-dose BaP in elderly/relapsed/refractory AML patients, and that VAL alone is well-tolerated, we propose VBaP as a novel therapeutic combination for AML.
Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Pedersen Mikkel Winther , Alsos Inger Greve , De Sanctis Bianca , Racimo Fernando , Prohaska Ana , Coissac Eric , Owens Hannah Lois , Merkel Marie Kristine Føreid , Fernandez-Guerra Antonio , Rouillard Alexandra , Lammers Youri , Alberti Adriana , Denoeud France , Money Daniel , Ruter Anthony H. , McColl Hugh , Larsen Nicolaj Krog , Cherezova Anna A. , Edwards Mary E. , Fedorov Grigory B. , Haile James , Orlando Ludovic , Vinner Lasse , Korneliussen Thorfinn Sand , Beilman David W. , Bjørk Anders A. , Cao Jialu , Dockter Christoph , Esdale Julie , Gusarova Galina , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Mangerud Jan , Rasic Jeffrey T. , Skadhauge Birgitte , Svendsen John Inge , Tikhonov Alexei , Wincker Patrick , Xing Yingchun , Zhang Yubin , Froese Duane G. , Rahbek Carsten , Bravo David Nogues , Holden Philip B. , Edwards Neil R. , Durbin Richard , Meltzer David J. , Kjær Kurt H. , Möller Per , Willerslev Eske 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood1–8. Here we report a large-scale environmental DNA metagenomic study of ancient plant and mammal communities, analysing 535 permafrost and lake sediment samples from across the Arctic spanning the past 50,000 years. Furthermore, we present 1,541 contemporary plant genome assemblies that were generated as reference sequences. Our study provides several insights into the long-term dynamics of the Arctic biota at the circumpolar and regional scales. Our key findings include: (1) a relatively homogeneous steppe–tundra flora dominated the Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by regional divergence of vegetation during the Holocene epoch; (2) certain grazing animals consistently co-occurred in space and time; (3) humans appear to have been a minor factor in driving animal distributions; (4) higher effective precipitation, as well as an increase in the proportion of wetland plants, show negative effects on animal diversity; (5) the persistence of the steppe–tundra vegetation in northern Siberia enabled the late survival of several now-extinct megafauna species, including the woolly mammoth until 3.9 ± 0.2 thousand years ago (ka) and the woolly rhinoceros until 9.8 ± 0.2 ka; and (6) phylogenetic analysis of mammoth environmental DNA reveals a previously unsampled mitochondrial lineage. Our findings highlight the power of ancient environmental metagenomics analyses to advance understanding of population histories and long-term ecological dynamics.
Oceanographic anomalies coinciding with humpback whale super-group occurrences in the Southern Benguela
Authors: Dey Subhra Prakash , Vichi Marcello , Fearon Giles , Seyboth Elisa , Findlay Ken P. , Meynecke Jan-Olaf , de Bie Jasper , Lee Serena Blyth , Samanta Saumik , Barraqueta Jan‐Lukas Menzel , Roychoudhury Alakendra N. , Mackey Brendan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeasonal feeding behaviour of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) has been observed in the coastal waters of the Southern Benguela where the species has been observed forming super-groups during the austral spring in recent years since 2011. Super-groups are unprecedented densely-packed aggregations of between 20 and 200 individuals in low-latitude waters and their occurrences indicate possible changes in feeding behaviour of the species. We accessed published data on super-groups occurrence in the study area in 2011, 2014 and 2015, and investigated oceanographic drivers that support prey availability in this region. We found that enhanced primary production is a necessary but not sufficient condition for super-groups to occur. Positive chlorophyll anomalies occurring one month prior to the super-group occurrences were identified, but only a concurrent significantly reduced water volume export from the region throughout October were conducive to the aggregations in the specific years. Hydrodynamic model results attributed the anomalous decreased volume export to the strength and orientation of the Goodhope Jet and associated eddy activity. The combination of random enhanced primary production typical of the region and emerging anomalous conditions of reduced water export in October since 2011 resulted in favourable food availability leading to the unique humpback whale aggregations. The novelty of this grouping behaviour is indicative of the lack of such oceanographic conditions in the past. Given the recency of the events, it is difficult to attribute this reduction in ocean transport to climatic regime shifts, and the origin should be likely investigated in the distant water mass interaction with the greater Agulhas system rather than in local intensifications of the upwelling conditions. A positive trend in the humpback whale population abundance points to the need to monitor the exposure of the species to the changing climate conditions.
Preclinical safety testing and initial experience of a morcellation bag with four sealable ports
Authors: Anapolski Michael , Schellenberger Anja , Alkatout Ibrahim , Panayotopoulos Dimitrios , Gut Alexander , Soltesz Stefan , Schiermeier Sven , Papathemelis Thomas , Noé Günter K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectromechanical morcellation—so called power morcellation—is a minimally invasive approach to remove bulky lesions such as uterine fibroids. The spread of benign and malignant tissue due to morcellation is a major concern that might limit the use of laparoscopic interventions. We present an in vitro evaluation of the safety characteristics of a four-port endobag with closable trocar sleeves, and describe physical properties of the bag that may or may not allow passage through the hole. In addition, we report our preliminary experience of this tool when used for laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomies. The behavior of the endobag during the extraction process was analyzed by extracting opened and re-sealed bags filled with 20 ml blue dye solution through a wooden template, with incisions measuring 10 to 24 mm. The endobag was used in 50 subtotal hysterectomies during the morcellation procedure. In the in vitro test, no dye loss was recorded for incisions measuring 11–24 mm. The mean force required to pull the bag through the template was inversely proportional to incision size. No bag rupture occurred during the surgical procedures. The mean time taken to prepare the bag for morcellation was 7.1 min (range, 4–14 min), the mean duration of subtotal hysterectomy was 53.4 min (range, 20–194 min). The mean weight of the removed body of the uterus was 113.8 g (range, 13–896 g), the mean weight of tissue and fluid remaining in the bag after morcellation 7.9 g (range, 0–39 g). In the in vitro setting, the improved endobag signifies greater patient safety during bag extraction, along with less tissue traumatization due to a smaller incision in the abdominal wall. The improved ergonomic features of the bag permit the insertion of three trocars in the lower abdomen and avoid closure of unused access ports. Our preliminary experience has shown that the device can be used under routine conditions. Failure rates will be evaluated in future studies.