bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased basal activity of the HPA axis and renin‐angiotensin system in congenital learned helpless rats exposed to stress early in development
Authors: Edwards E. , King J.A. , Fray J.C.S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLearned helpless behavior has been successfully bred in rats and designated as a genetic animal model of human depression and/or anxiety. Since congenital learned helpless animals have an impaired stress response in adulthood, we examined the effects of early stressors (at postnatal day 7, 14 or 21) on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the renin‐angiotensin system. The functioning of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis was monitored through changes in corticosterone plasma levels in the adult animals after acute exposure to cold stress and maternal deprivation early in development. Renin‐angiotensin system functioning was assessed by plasma renin activity. Unstressed congenital learned helpless rats had corticosterone levels that were similar to control animals (congenital non‐learned helpless rats not stressed during development), but unstressed plasma renin activity levels of congenital learned helpless rats were lower than congenital non‐learned helpless rats. There was a step‐wise increase in corticosterone plasma levels in the congenital learned helpless rats with age of acute presentation of either cold stress or maternal deprivation stress (day 7, 49%; day 14, 84%; and day 21, 543% for cold stress). However, these baseline corticosterone levels were significantly lower in congenital learned helpless rats compared to congenital non‐learned helpless controls. Similarly, in response to early exposure to cold stress and maternal deprivation, there was an increase in plasma renin activity levels of congenital learned helpless rats with age of presentation to either stressors. However, this increase in plasma renin activity levels was not evident in congenital non‐learned helpless controls. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to stress early in development has long‐term effects on both the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the renin‐angiotensin system, two neuroendocrine indicators of stress responsivity.
Nonresponder anorectic patients after 6 months of multimodal treatment: predictors of outcome
Authors: Fassino S. , Abbate Daga G. , Amianto F. , Leombruni P. , Garzaro L. , Rovera G.G. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryCurrently the therapy of anorexia nervosa is a relevant clinical problem. The percentage of patients who respond to short-term pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is still low and the condition often leads to chronic pathology or death. The present study aims to determine outcome predictors beyond personality traits, eating psychopathology, or particular clinical features.Forty patients with restricter type anorexia nervosa were tested, at T0 and after 180 days, with psychometric tests and clinical evaluation instruments. Patients were then divided into two groups. One group included patients who showed relevant clinical improvement; the other included not-yet-improved patients.A lower Novelty Seeking, higher levels of Ascetism and Maturity Fears characterised the not-yet-improved group. Correlation showed evidence of diverse bonds between personality and psychopathology in the improved and not-yet-improved groups. The psychopathology of non-yet-improved patients seemed to be more linked to their temperamental features, whereas improved patients seemed to be more influenced by their character. Different levels of psychological functioning can be expressed.The present data suggest focusing pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, even family counseling, with a progression more strictly related to the current personality functioning level and psychopathology of each patient.
New treatments for panic
Authors: Ballenger JC 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPanic disorder is a chronic condition for many patients and can be socially, emotionally and occupationally disabling. Until recently, clomipramine and alprazolam were the only drugs approved for its treatment. While widely used in the US and Europe, both belong to drug classes (tricyclics and benzodiazepines) with well-recognised side effects that can be problematic and thus limit their use. Recently, paroxetine became the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to receive approval and licensing for panic disorder.The short- and long-term efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in panic disorder has been established in clinical trials of almost 1,000 patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IIIR criteria for panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. In a 12-week double-blind study of 120 panic patients receiving standardised cognitive therapy, paroxetine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing panic attack frequency. In a 12-week placebo-controlled comparison in 367 panic patients, paroxetine was at least as effective as clomipramine and better tolerated. There was also some evidence that paroxetine had an earlier onset of action than clomipramine.A 9-month extension of the placebo-controlled comparison with clomipramine showed that the efficacy of paroxetine and clomipramine is maintained when treatment is continued into the longer term. In a relapse prevention study, 105 responders to 3 months' treatment with paroxetine or placebo were re-randomised, either to continue existing treatment or to receive placebo for 3 months. Only 5% of patients who continued to take paroxetine experienced a relapse compared with 30% of those who switched to placebo (P = 0.002). Paroxetine was generally well tolerated. In the short-term trials, the frequency of withdrawals due to adverse events (7.3%) was lower than that for placebo (11.4%) or clomipramine (14.9%). In the longer term, the dropout rate due to adverse events increased in the clomipramine group (19.0%) but was unchanged in the paroxetine group (7.4%). Since most patients with panic disorder will require prolonged treatment, the long-term tolerability of paroxetine and its lack of potential for dependence are important advantages that will encourage good compliance with treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.
Microneedle‐Based Local Delivery of CCL22 and IL‐2 Enriches Treg Homing to the Skin Allograft and Enables Temporal Monitoring of Immunotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Puigmal Núria , Dosta Pere , Solhjou Zhabiz , Yatim Karim , Ramírez Cynthia , Choi John Y. , Alhaddad Juliano B. , Cosme Ana Paula , Azzi Jamil , Artzi Natalie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkin allografts only serve as temporary dressing for patients suffering major burns due to their high immunogenicity and rejection by the immune system, requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapies that lead to deleterious side effects. Microneedle arrays composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and placed on skin allografts can locally deliver immunomodulators and simultaneously sample immune cells in interstitial fluid to monitor the response to the therapy. The cells can be retrieved from the microneedles for downstream analysis by degrading the HA using a reducing agent. Using an allogeneic skin transplantation model, it is shown that the microneedle‐mediated local delivery of the chemokine CCL22 (to attract Tregs) and the cytokine IL‐2 (to promote their expansion) increases the local immune suppression in the allograft. Moreover, immune cell population in the allograft correlates with that seen in the microneedles. The delivery and sampling functions of the microneedle arrays can help regulate the immune system locally, without inducing systemic immune suppression, and facilitate the monitoring of the response to the therapy following skin transplantation.
Silver‐Catalyzed Direct Regioselective C3 Phosphonation of 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones With H‐phosphites
Authors: Guo Lina , Su Meiyun , Zhan Haiying , Liu Wenjie , Wang Shaohua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn efficient and simple protocol for silver‐catalyzed direct C3 phosphonation of 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones with dialkyl phosphites has been developed. The reaction shows high regioselectivity, broad scope of substrates, and good functional group compatibility. Importantly, the phosphorylated 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one product 3 u can be employed as efficient probes for Fe3+.
Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Navi Babak B. , Sherman Carla P. , Genova Richard , Mathias Ryna , Lansdale Kelsey N. , LeMoss Natalie M. , Wolfe Julia , Skakodub Anna , Kamel Hooman , Tagawa Scott T. , Saxena Ashish , Ocean Allyson J. , Soff Gerald A. , DeSancho Maria T. , Iadecola Costantino , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Peerschke Ellinor , Zhang Cenai , DeAngelis Lisa M. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke with cancer.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross‐sectional study from 2016 to 2020 at 2 hospitals. We enrolled 3 groups of 50 adult participants each. The main group included patients with active solid tumor cancer and acute ischemic stroke. The control groups included patients with acute ischemic stroke only or active cancer only. The patients with stroke‐only and patients with cancer‐only were matched to the patients with cancer‐plus‐stroke by age, sex, and cancer type, if applicable. The outcomes were prespecified hematological biomarkers and transcranial Doppler microemboli detection. Hematological biomarkers included markers of coagulation (D‐dimer and thrombin‐antithrombin), platelet function (P‐selectin), and endothelial integrity (thrombomodulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 [sICAM‐1], and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 [sVCAM‐1]). Hematological biomarkers were compared between groups using the Kruskal‐Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum tests. In multivariable linear regression models, we adjusted for race, number of stroke risk factors, smoking, stroke severity, and antithrombotic use. Transcranial Doppler microemboli presence was compared between groups using chi‐square tests.ResultsLevels of all study biomarkers were different between groups. In univariate between‐group comparisons, patients with cancer‐plus‐stroke had higher levels of D‐dimer, sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1, and thrombomodulin than both control groups; higher levels of thrombin‐antithrombin than patients with cancer‐only; and higher levels of P‐selectin than patients with stroke‐only. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Transcranial Doppler microemboli were detected in 32% of patients with cancer‐plus‐stroke, 16% of patients with stroke‐only, and 6% of patients with cancer‐only (p = 0.005).InterpretationPatients with cancer‐related stroke have higher markers of coagulation, platelet, and endothelial dysfunction, and more circulating microemboli, than matched controls. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:159–169
Effects of crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers with crosslinking agent containing ester and amide groups on the properties of cementitious systems
Authors: Lin Xiuju , Pang Hao , Wei Daidong , Liao Bing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers were synthesized using acrylic acid, sodium methylallyl sulfonate and methyl polyethylene glycol acrylate as monomers, and monomers that contain either ester or amide groups as crosslinking agents. The superplasticizers that were synthesized from the ester‐ and amide‐based crosslinking agents were respectively denoted as SP‐E and SP‐N. In addition, a series of performance characterizations were carried out to explore the influence of different functional groups in crosslinking agents on the performance of superplasticizers. Fluidity test results showed that the dispersibility and fluidity retention of cement pastes treated with the SP‐E were better than those of cement pastes treated with SP‐N. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the sample containing SP‐E was lower than that containing SP‐N. In addition, the amount of the two superplasticizers that had become adsorbed onto the surfaces of cement particles also differed, and in this case the adsorption capacity of SP‐E was greater than that of SP‐N. X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy tests showed that the ester‐group based SP‐E superplasticizers promoted cement hydration to a greater degree than that was achieved with their amide‐bearing SP‐N counterparts. This study would provide valuable insight for the development of crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers.
Ex situ growing out of early stages of wild seahorses: Envisioning conservation options for threatened populations
Authors: Luzzatto Diego C. , Estalles María L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rafting has been proposed as a dispersive mechanism for some species of seahorses. Juvenile Hippocampus patagonicus rafting on the sea surface have been reported. This life stage has high mortality in nature due to ecological and environmental factors usually affecting juvenile planktonic teleosts (e.g. predation).
In this study, 50 juvenile seahorses were captured while rafting at the beginning of the reproductive season (December). They were grown out under a standard protocol in a recirculating aquaculture system for 120 days until they reached maturity.
During this period, only three seahorses died (6%). Mature seahorses were 65 ± 7 mm average height and showed variable coloration and pigmentation pattern (n = 47; 94%).
The availability of juvenile seahorses during the reproductive season and their high survival performance ex situ highlight the feasibility of developing protocols in which juvenile seahorses serve as a novel source of broodstock.
Distributed cooperative control for parallel direct current–direct current buck converters based on multi‐agent consensus theory
Authors: Zhu Min , Wang He , Cheng Yingying , Jia Ruting , Yu Miao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe voltage regulation and power sharing for parallel direct current–direct current (DC–DC) buck converters is studied in this paper by using the multi‐agent consensus theory. At the first step, the control problem of parallel DC–DC buck converters is modeled as the consensus problem of multi‐agent system. Different from the most existing algorithms for parallel DC–DC buck converters, a new distributed cooperative control algorithm is proposed to implement plug‐and‐play and to enhance the system's flexibility. For the current‐loop, a finite‐time control algorithm is employed to improve the dynamic response for the current tracking. The rigors stability analysis is given and the simulation result is presented.
A large‐scale community intervention to change gender perceptions in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Visser Maretha , Jansen van Rensburg Madri , Garforth Laura , Tefera Nebiat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on our participatory multi‐faceted community‐wide intervention to change gender perceptions and encourage support for girls' education to improve their school attendance and performance. The intervention involved community and education stakeholders in implementing a context‐specific multi‐faceted intervention to improve opportunities for girls in 123 primary schools in the rural Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. We implemented a repeated‐measures quasi‐experimental design in a sample of 30 schools (15 project and 15 control schools) to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness. Over 3 years we assessed gender perceptions of a cohort of 750 Grade 6 girls, their parents and teachers in project and control schools. In addition, participative group discussions were conducted with various stakeholders. In project schools, we recorded significant changes (e.g., provision of sanitary pads, counselling, tutorial classes and community involvement). Teachers and parents reported improved gender attitudes and support for girls' education; while girls' self‐esteem scores and educational aspirations increased. The findings showed a change in community perceptions of the value of girls' education and some evidence of increased equality in gender perceptions. We concluded that these systemic changes marked the start of a long‐term change process. This intervention showed the value of a participatory approach in a systemic community intervention. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Deep boundary‐aware semantic image segmentation
Authors: Wu Huisi , Li Yifan , Chen Le , Liu Xueting , Li Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile extensive research efforts have been made in semantic image segmentation, the state‐of‐the‐art methods still suffer from blurry boundaries and mismatched objects due to the insufficient multiscale adaptability. In this paper, we propose a two‐branch convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to capture the multiscale context and the boundary information with the two branches, respectively. To capture the multiscale context, we propose to embed self‐attention mechanism to the atrous spatial pyramid pooling network. To capture the boundary information, we propose to fuse the low‐level features in boundary feature extraction for refining the extracted boundaries via a feature fusion layer (FFL). With FFL, our method can improve the segmentation result with clearer boundaries. A new loss function is proposed which contains a segmentation loss and a boundary loss. Experiments show that our method can predict the boundaries of objects more clearly and have better performance for small‐scale objects.
Needle tract seeding following percutaneous biopsy of pediatric head and neck sarcoma: A case report
Authors: You Peng , Haynes David Aaron , Desai Sudhen , Dimachkieh Amy , Chelius Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis case report demonstrates the possibility of sarcoma biopsy needle track seeding from FNA/Core Needle Biopsy during the workup of a pediatric head and neck mass. Though not currently widely practiced in head and neck tumors, surgeons may consider placing biopsy tracks in the area of planned resection for suspected head and neck malignancies as is more common in approaches to extremity sarcoma.
Fetal ultrasound diagnosis allows effective early postnatal treatment of hematometrocolpos
Authors: Kwache Iliya , Meher Shireen , Balogun Moji , Ewer Andrew K. , Toldi Gergely 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFetal hematometrocolpos is a rare finding with an incidence of 1 in 16 000 female births. We present a case of fetal hematometrocolpos managed exclusively by prenatal and postnatal ultrasound scans allowing for effective immediate postnatal surgical treatment.
Successful low‐dose chemotherapy for refractory Epstein‐Barr virus—related post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a child with Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Xi Bixin , Zhou Chen , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the first case of a 12‐year‐old boy with Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome who developed CD20‐weakly expressed and CD30‐highly expressed Epstein‐Barr virus–related post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder refractory to rituximab treatment. The patient was effectively and safely treated with personalized low‐dose chemotherapy and subsequently remained in complete remission for 1 year.
Natural expulsion of a sharp iron nail: Right main bronchus to the alimentary tract: A case report
Authors: Poudyal Prasanta , Tripathi Prashant , Guragain Rajendra Prasad Sharma , Rayamajhi Pabina , Gyawali Bigyan Raj 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA young girl inhaled a pointed iron nail into the right main bronchus. However, both rigid bronchoscopy and oesophagoscopy failed to locate the nail. Surprisingly, it was detected in the abdomen by C‐arm and was expelled uneventfully while defecating two days later.
Successful treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in a child affected by systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report from Northeastern Iran
Authors: Kashefi Elham , Seyedi Seyed Javad , Zomorodian Kamiar , Zare Shahrabadi Zahra , Zarrinfar Hossein 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA6‐year‐old girl affected to systemic lupus erythematosus with symptoms of fever, weakness, and lethargy, cough, chest pain, and abnormalchest x‐ray. The isolated Aspergillus fumigatus was identified using partial calmodulin gene sequencing. Gradual improvement was observed onday 19 of treatment with amphotericinB (50 mg /day).
Gastric perforation caused by secondary systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroto , Yokota Akihiko , Suzuki Noriyuki , Tachibana Mitsuhiro , Tsutsumi Yutaka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmyloid A amyloidosis secondary to chronic inflammation involves systemic organs and tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. In the present case, massive amyloid deposit caused gastric perforation. IgM co‐deposition in the glomeruli was another finding of note.
Ultra‐delayed post‐FTRD resection bleeding
Authors: Zimmer Vincent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon‐exposed endoscopic full‐thickness resection (EFTR) has gained much momentum in streamlining the treatment of difficult‐to‐resect colorectal lesions. As a reiteration of the over‐the‐scope clip (OTSC) platform device‐assisted EFTR combines resection with defect closure, thus perforation and/or bleeding are uncommon complications.
Porous Silica Coated Ceria as a Switch in Tandem Oxidative Dehydrogenation and Dry Reforming of Ethane with CO2
Authors: Li Yingchun , Li Linyi , Sun Wenjing , Chen Congmei , Luo Shizhong , Shen Jun , Jiang Chengfa , Jing Fangli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane using CO2 as soft oxidant for the production of ethylene, possesses the features of valorization of light alkane and utilization of greenhouse gas. Although a significant challenge, the control of the reaction extent can provide a potential on‐purpose ethylene technology. In the present paper, CeO2 is proposed to be a promising catalyst, while the deep oxidation process of dry reforming is preferred. The SiO2 coated CeO2 catalyst can render the reaction more selective towards ethylene. Through high sensitivity low energy ion scattering spectroscopy, findings were made that SiO2 only partially covered CeO2 in the Si0.1CeO2 sample, in which the ethylene selectivity was 2.7 times as high as that of the bulk CeO2 based on the same conversion level. Further, density functional theory calculations also demonstrated that the presence of the SiO2 layer was more conducive to the desorption of ethylene.
The location of optimal object colors with more than two transitions
Authors: Burns Scott A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe chromaticity diagram associated with the 1931 2° CIE color‐matching functions is shown to be slightly non‐convex. While having no impact on practical colorimetric computations, the non‐convexity does have a significant impact on the shape of some optimal object color reflectance distributions located on the outer surface of the object color solid. Instead of the usual two‐transition Schrödinger form, many optimal colors exhibit higher transition counts. A linear programming formulation is developed and is used to locate where these higher‐transition optimal object colors reside on the object color solid surface. The regions of higher‐transition count appear to have a point‐symmetric, complementary structure. The high‐transition behavior is shown to be largely absent in more modern color‐matching functions, such as the recent “physiologically‐relevant” color‐matching functions transformed from cone fundamentals.