bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Substance and Circumstances of Race and Immigration Talk in High School Gender and Sexuality Alliances
Authors: Calzo Jerel P. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Paul Poteat V. , Kieu Talia , Pham Amanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGender & Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) are school‐based clubs that support youth of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. As identity‐centered spaces, GSAs could also foster discussions related to race and immigration (i.e., race and immigration talk). We conducted semi‐structured interviews from 2016 to 2018 with 38 GSA members (ages 13–20 years old) of diverse racial/ethnic, immigrant‐origin (first and second generations in the United States born of immigrant parents), sexual orientation, and gender identities. Race and immigration talk often occurred when discussing current events (e.g., the 2016 US Presidential Election). Students reported that race and immigration talk depended on representation (i.e., GSA demographics), if it was deemed personally relevant to members, and whether students perceived issues of race and immigration as part of the agenda of the GSA. Some students indicated motivation to discuss racism and nativism yet refrained from doing so due to discomfort or fear of misspeaking. Overall, youth primarily viewed the GSA as a space for LGBTQIA+‐oriented discussions and support yet expressed potential for fostering productive race and immigration talk in GSAs given the ongoing US sociopolitical climate. Discussions facilitated by advisors focusing on inter‐connected oppression (e.g., intersections of racism and heterosexism) and that leverage brave space discussion dynamics may help students develop competencies to engage in race and immigration talk.
The role of organizational supports in mitigating mental ill health in firefighters: A cohort study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Cherry Nicola , Galarneau Jean‐Michel , Haynes Whitney , Sluggett Bryan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the effectiveness of ongoing mental health support in reducing the mental health impacts of a traumatic deployment.MethodsA cohort of firefighters was established among those deployed to a devastating wildfire in Alberta, Canada in May 2016. Firefighters completed three questionnaires: at recruitment giving details of exposures, a first follow‐up reporting mental health supports before, during, and after the fire and a second follow‐up, at least 30 months after the fire, with screening questionnaires for anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fire chiefs were interviewed about mental health provisions. The impact of supports on mental ill health was estimated, adjusting for clustering within fire service and potential confounders.ResultsOf 1234 firefighters in the cohort, 840 completed the questionnaire on mental health supports. In total, 78 of 82 fire chiefs were interviewed. Analysis of the impact of supports on mental ill health included 745 firefighters from 67 fire services. Only 45.8% of reports of peer support were concordant between firefighters and fire chiefs. After adjusting for confounding, the odds ratios (OR) for peer support reported by both fire chief and firefighter were depressive disorder: OR = 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08–0.61; anxiety disorder: OR = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.24–0.82; PTSD: OR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.37–1.02. Symptoms of anxiety and depression but not PTSD were reduced by resiliency training before the fire and by support offered within 48 h of return from deployment.ConclusionThe results suggest peer support in firefighters is protective but its availability is poorly recognized. PTSD was somewhat less responsive, perhaps reflecting the cumulative effects of previous exposures.
Low dose CT detected interstitial lung abnormalities in a population with low asbestos exposure
Authors: Harris Edward J. A. , Lim Kuan P. , Moodley Yuben , Adler Brendan , Sodhi‐Berry Nita , Reid Alison , Murray Conor P. , Franklin Peter J. , Musk AW (Bill) , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Brims Fraser J. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of low dose CT (LDCT) chest is becoming more widespread in occupationally exposed populations. There is a knowledge gap as to heterogeneity in severity and the natural course of asbestosis after low levels of exposure. This study reports the characteristics of LDCT‐detected interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA).MethodsThe Asbestos Review Program offers annual LDCT, health assessments, and pulmonary function tests to an asbestos‐exposed cohort. Asbestosis was defined using the Helsinki Consensus statement and the presence of ILA defined using a protocol for occupational CT reports. At least two of three pulmonary function tests: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1);​ forced vital capacity (FVC); and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) were required for analysis of physiological decline.ResultsFrom 1513 cases, radiological ILA was present in 485 (32%). The cohort was 83.5% male with a median age of 68.3 years and a median (IQR) asbestos exposure of 0.7 (0.09–2.32) fiber/ml‐year. A mixed occupation, mixed asbestos fiber cohort comprised the majority of the cohort (65.8%). Of those with ILA, 40 (8.2%) had an FVC decline of ≥10% and 30 (6.2%) had a DLco decline of ≥15% per year. Time since first exposure, increasing tobacco exposure and reported dyspnea were independently associated with the presence of ILA.ConclusionsIn this population with relatively low asbestos exposure, LDCT‐detected ILA that fits criteria for asbestosis is common, but physiological decline is not. This mild chronic stable phenotype of asbestos‐associated ILA contrasts with the traditionally accepted views that asbestosis requires high exposures.
Field Dynamics Inference for Local and Causal Interactions
Authors: Frank Philipp , Leike Reimar , Enßlin Torsten A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInference of fields defined in space and time from observational data is a core discipline in many scientific areas. This work approaches the problem in a Bayesian framework. The proposed method is based on statistically homogeneous random fields defined in space and time and demonstrates how to reconstruct the field together with its prior correlation structure from data. The prior model of the correlation structure is described in a non‐parametric fashion and solely builds on fundamental physical assumptions such as space‐time homogeneity, locality, and causality. These assumptions are sufficient to successfully infer the field and its prior correlation structure from noisy and incomplete data of a single realization of the process as demonstrated via multiple numerical examples.
Rational Design of a Highly Selective Near‐Infrared Two‐Photon Fluorogenic Probe for Imaging Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Chemotherapy
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Wang Rui , Qi Sujie , Kwon Nahyun , Han Jingjing , Kim Heejeong , Li Haidong , Yu Fabiao , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSelective fluorescence imaging of biomarkers in vivo and in situ for evaluating orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) chemotherapy remains a great challenge due to current imaging agents suffering from the potential interferences of other hydrolases. Herein, we observed that carbamate unit showed a high selectivity toward the HCC‐related biomarker carboxylesterase (CE) for evaluation of treatment. A near‐infrared two‐photon fluorescent probe was developed to not only specially image CE activity in vivo and in situ but also target orthotopic liver tumor after systemic administration. The in vivo signals of the probe correlate well with tumor apoptosis, making it possible to evaluate the status of treatment. The probe enables the imaging of CE activity in situ with a high‐resolution three‐dimensional view for the first time. This study may promote advances in optical imaging approaches for precise imaging‐guided diagnosis of HCC in situ and its evaluation of treatment.
The sesamoid bone in the long abductor muscle tendon of the first digit in the dog
Authors: Van den Broeck Martine , Stock Emmelie , Duchateau Luc , Cornillie Pieter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sesamoid bone in the tendon of the m. abductor digiti primi longus is considered present in most dog breeds and is described to be radiologically detectable at the level of the carpus from the age of 4 months. However, an extensive investigation of this sesamoid bone has not been conducted before. The aim of this study was therefore to determine its prevalence in different dog breeds, to describe its histological development, and to determine the age at which it becomes radiologically visible. The prevalence of the sesamoid bone was assessed on radiographic images of the carpus or by dissection of the carpal region in 743 adult dogs of 115 breeds. Its development was studied by dissection and histological analysis in 45 puppies and its timing of radiological appearance was evaluated in 209 puppies. At least one sesamoid bone was present in all adult dogs, except for 14 dogs of six breeds of predominantly the small breed category. The lowest prevalence rate of 38.46% was exhibited in the French bulldog. The histological development could be divided into five stages. The first radiographic appearance corresponded to the coalescence of smaller ossification centers into one big nucleus (stage 4). The mean time of radiographic appearance was 108.4 days. This study provides extensive data on the prevalence and timing of the radiographic appearance of a sesamoid at the carpus of the dog. The data on radiographic appearance may be helpful in the age estimation of puppies.
The impact of emotional signals on credibility assessment
Authors: Giachanou Anastasia , Rosso Paolo , Crestani Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFake news is considered one of the main threats of our society. The aim of fake news is usually to confuse readers and trigger intense emotions to them in an attempt to be spread through social networks. Even though recent studies have explored the effectiveness of different linguistic patterns for fake news detection, the role of emotional signals has not yet been explored. In this paper, we focus on extracting emotional signals from claims and evaluating their effectiveness on credibility assessment. First, we explore different methodologies for extracting the emotional signals that can be triggered to the users when they read a claim. Then, we present emoCred, a model that is based on a long‐short term memory model that incorporates emotional signals extracted from the text of the claims to differentiate between credible and non‐credible ones. In addition, we perform an analysis to understand which emotional signals and which terms are the most useful for the different credibility classes. We conduct extensive experiments and a thorough analysis on real‐world datasets. Our results indicate the importance of incorporating emotional signals in the credibility assessment problem.
Highly Emissive Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Nitrofuran and Quinolone Antibiotics
Authors: Cong Zhenzhong , Song Zhenfeng , Ma Yunxiao , Zhu Mingchang , Zhang Ying , Wu Shuangyan , Gao Enjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe overuse of antibiotics makes its detection very significant for human health. New facile methods and high‐performance sensory materials will be urgently needed for detection of antibiotics. Unfortunately, there are few reports on fluorescence enhancement of antibiotics detection. Herein, based on the modulability of the coordination mode, we proposed two MOFs with different coordination modes based on different metal ions: Zn‐MOF (1) and Cd‐MOF (2). The fluorescence of 1 and 2 can be efficiently and selectively quenched by nitrofuran antibiotics (nitrofurazone, NFZ and furazolidone, FZD) and chloramphenicol (CAP), respectively. Particularly, the matched energy levels between 2 and enrofloxacin (ENR) enables 2 with turn‐on sensing for ENR. Moreover, apart from the sensitivity and selectivity, 1 and 2 also have strong recyclable ability, fast response time and anti‐interference ability, which make them great potential sensory materials to detect antibiotics.
Immersion and invariance control for Euler angles of a fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Aslan Fırat , Yalçın Yaprak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an asymptotically stabilizing, nonlinear flight controller design via immersion and invariance (I&I) approach for a fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. The objective is to adjust pitch, roll, and yaw angles with the control inputs aileron, elevator, and rudder deflections. The important issues in designing a controller for fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are to cope with its nonlinear dynamics and to obtain a controller that can deal with various disturbances. Existing linear controllers cannot deal well with the nonlinear dynamics of the UAVs and that can not guarantee stability outside of the considered operating point. On the other hand, widely used nonlinear controllers have some weaknesses. Such as sliding mode controllers are robust to disturbances but suffer from the chattering phenomenon, and the backstepping controllers are not very robust to disturbances. The proposed controller ensures global stability with smooth and precise reference tracking and also yields significant disturbance attenuation without the chattering phenomenon. I&I approach also enables us to directly assign closed‐loop dynamics. Thus, tuning of the proposed controller is straightforward. Most of the other nonlinear methods do not have straightforward tuning of control parameters to assign desired dynamics to a closed‐loop system. The superior performance of the proposed controller is shown via simulations for various disturbances in comparison with the sliding mode controllers; the one with standard control law and the one with modified control law that eliminate the chattering phenomenon.
Does a screening digital rectal exam provide actionable clinical utility in patients with an elevated PSA and positive MRI?
Authors: Chang Courtney M. , McIntosh Andrew G. , Shapiro Daniel D. , Davis John W. , Ward John F. , Gregg Justin R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo define the value of a digital rectal exam (DRE) in the prostate‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) era. Prostate MRI is increasingly used in men with elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) prior to biopsy.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in men with elevated PSA undergoing MRI followed by MRI fusion with systematic biopsy and men with elevated PSA/active surveillance with negative MRI followed by biopsy. Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics and DRE findings were collected. We examined performance of a positive DRE on sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC).ResultsA total of 339 patients had elevated PSA and positive MRI followed by MRI fusion guided with systematic biopsy. Pre‐biopsy DRE was documented in 286/339 patients, who were included in further analysis. About 81.6% positive, 78.7% questionable, and 55.8% negative DRE patients had CSPC. Positive DRE had 21.8% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity for CSPC. Positive or questionable DRE had 42.1% sensitivity and 81.5% specificity. Among 148 men with non‐CSPC (GG1)‐targeted biopsy, 28 had systematic biopsy with CSPC. About 5/28 had positive DRE and 8/28 had positive or questionable DRE. Twenty‐seven patients were included who had elevated PSA/on active surveillance with negative MRI and biopsy done within 2 years. About 77.8% had negative, 7.4% had questionable, and 14.8% men had positive DRE. About 7.4% had CSPC and all had a negative DRE.ConclusionsOur study provides limited evidence for the value of a DRE. However, it does show occasional benefit in detecting GG2 or higher disease and given the lack of cost and side effects, should still be considered.
HiCommunication as a novel speech and communication treatment for Parkinson's disease: A feasibility study
Authors: Schalling Ellika , Winkler Helena , Franzén Erika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionSpeech and communication problems are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can result in social withdrawal and reduced quality of life. Intervention may improve symptoms but transfer and maintenance remain challenging for many. Access to treatment may also be limited. Group intervention incorporating principles for experience‐dependent plasticity may address these challenges. The aim of this study was to develop and study feasibility aspects of a new intervention program for group training of speech and communication in people with PD.Materials & MethodsDevelopment and content of the program called HiCommunication is described. Core target areas are voice, articulation, word‐finding and memory. Five participants with mild‐moderate PD completed this feasibility trial. Attendance rate and possible adverse events as well as the participants' experiences were documented. A speech recording and dysarthria testing were completed to study feasibility of the assessment procedure and evaluate possible changes in voice sound level and intelligibility.ResultsAttendance rate was 89%. No adverse events occurred. Participants reported a positive experience and limited fatigue. Assessment was completed in approximately 30 min and was well tolerated. Four of five participants had an increased voice sound level during text‐reading postintervention and mean intelligibility improved.ConclusionsResults indicate that HiCommunication is feasible for people with mild‐moderate PD. The program was appreciated and well tolerated. Positive outcomes regarding voice sound level and intelligibility were observed; however, the number of participants was very limited. The results motivate that effects of HiCommunication are further studied in a randomized controlled trial, which is ongoing.
Red cell index: A novel biomarker for 3‐month mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Qian Meizi , Zhou Xinbo , Gao Beibei , Huang Honghao , Yang Chenguang , Zeng Tian , Shen Jiamin , Hu Jingyu , Sun Fangyue , Li Shengqi , Huang Xuerong , Chen Guangyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe red cell index (RCI) was described as a biomarker for evaluating respiratory function in previous studies, but the relationship between RCI and stroke, remained a mystery. The present study aimed to probe the association between RCI at 24‐hr and 3‐month mortality and functional outcomes among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r‐tPA).MethodsA total of 217 AIS patients between January 2016 and January 2019 were recruited in this retrospective study. AIS patients were grouped in terms of RCI tertiles. Predictive factors were confirmed via multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the ability of RCI in predicting mortality. In addition, the risk of 3‐month all‐cause mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsWe grouped AIS patients into tertiles with the purpose of comparing clinical factors and RCI levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis presented that RCI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.443, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.167–1.786], p = 0.001) was an independent biomarker for 3‐month all‐cause mortality. The best cutoff value of RCI was 2.41 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.639, 95% CI [0.501–0.778], p = .032), with a sensitivity of 40.9% and a specificity of 89.7%. Cox survival analysis demonstrated a positive significant correlation between RCI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.332, 95% CI [1.148–1.545], p < .001) and mortality risk.ConclusionRCI, a potential predictor, was significantly associated with 3‐month mortality in AIS patients with r‐tPA.
Hospital‐level compliance with the commission on cancer’s quality of care measures and the association with patient survival
Authors: Nussbaum Daniel P. , Rushing Christel N. , Sun Zhifei , Yerokun Babatunde A. , Worni Mathias , Saunders Robert S. , McClellan Mark B. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Greenup Rachel A. , Blazer Dan G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuality measurement has become a priority for national healthcare reform, and valid measures are necessary to discriminate hospital performance and support value‐based healthcare delivery. The Commission on Cancer (CoC) is the largest cancer‐specific accreditor of hospital quality in the United States and has implemented Quality of Care Measures to evaluate cancer care delivery. However, none has been formally tested as a valid metric for assessing hospital performance based on actual patient outcomes.MethodsEligibility and compliance with the Quality of Care Measures are reported within the National Cancer Database, which also captures data for robust patient‐level risk adjustment. Hospital‐level compliance was calculated for the core measures, and the association with patient survival was tested using Cox regression.ResultsSeven hundred sixty‐eight thousand nine hundred sixty‐nine unique cancer cases were included from 1323 facilities. Increasing hospital‐level compliance was associated with improved survival for only two measures, including a 35% reduced risk of mortality for the gastric cancer measure G15RLN (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.58–0.72) and a 19% reduced risk of mortality for the colon cancer measure 12RLN (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.77–0.85). For the lung cancer measure LNoSurg, increasing compliance was paradoxically associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.20). For the remaining measures, hospital‐level compliance demonstrated no consistent association with patient survival.ConclusionHospital‐level compliance with the CoC’s Quality of Care Measures is not uniformly aligned with patient survival. In their current form, these measures do not reliably discriminate hospital performance and are limited as a tool for value‐based healthcare delivery.
COVID‐19‐related coagulopathy: A review of pathophysiology and pharmaceutical management
Authors: Kohansal Vajari Mahdi , Shirin Mahsa , Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi Atieh , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Abolghasemi Hassan , Bashash Davood 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDecember 2019 will never be forgotten in the history of medicine when an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China sooner or later prompted the World Health Organization to issue a public health warning emergency. This is not the first nor will it be the last time that a member of β‐coronaviruses (CoVs) is waging a full‐scale war against human health. Notwithstanding the fact that pneumonia is the primary symptom of the novel coronavirus (2019nCoV; designated as SARS‐CoV‐2), the emergence of severe disease mainly due to the injury of nonpulmonary organs at the shadow of coagulopathy leaves no choice, in some cases, rather than a dreadful death. Multiple casual factors such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet and complement activation, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system derangement, and hypoxemia play a major role in the pathogenesis of coagulopathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Due to the undeniable role of coagulation dysfunction in the initiation of several complications, assessment of coagulation parameters and the platelet count would be beneficial in early diagnosis and also timely prediction of disease severity. Although low‐molecular‐weight heparin is considered as the first‐line of treatment in COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy, several possible therapeutic options have also been proposed for better management of the disease. In conclusion, this review would help us to gain insight into the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and laboratory findings associated with COVID‐19 coagulopathy and would summarize management strategies to alleviate coagulopathy‐related complications.