bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vermeidbare Sterblichkeit – Neufassung eines Indikators für die Präventionsberichterstattung
Authors: Weber Anke , Reisig Veronika , Buschner Andrea , Kuhn Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Gesundheitsberichterstattung wird ein Indikator „vermeidbare Sterblichkeit“ geführt. Der Indikator aggregiert ausgewählte Todesursachen. In Deutschland gibt es dazu 2 Varianten, beide sind nicht mehr aktuell. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Neukonzeption vorgeschlagen.

Methoden
Die Neukonzeption orientiert sich bei der Auswahl der Todesursachen an Vorarbeiten auf europäischer Ebene. Die Umsetzbarkeit und Plausibilität einer konsentierten OECD-Eurostat-Liste werden anhand der Daten der amtlichen Statistik in Bayern für die Jahre 2016–2018 überprüft. Die Analyse umfasst die Untersuchung der Variabilität über die Zeit und innerhalb der bayerischen Regierungsbezirke sowie mögliche systematische Verzerrungen durch regionale Unterschiede im Codierverhalten bzw. Veränderungen im Zeitverlauf.

Ergebnisse
Die OECD-Eurostat-Liste ist auf regionaler Ebene mit geringfügiger Modifikation umsetzbar. Es ergibt sich eine altersstandardisierte vermeidbare Sterblichkeit von knapp 23 Todesfällen je 10.000 Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner (EW) in Bayern im Jahr 2018, wobei die prävenierbaren Sterbefälle solche, die durch eine Behandlung hätten vermieden werden können, bei Weitem übersteigen. Für Männer liegt die Sterberate aufgrund vermeidbarer Ursachen bei 30 pro 10.000 männlichen EW und ist damit fast doppelt so hoch wie jene für Frauen (16 pro 10.000 weiblichen EW). Regional folgt die vermeidbare Sterblichkeit Befunden zur regionalen Gesundheit aus anderen Studien.

Diskussion und Fazit
Die Ergebnisse liefern keinen Anlass, von großen Zufallsschwankungen bzw. methodisch bedingten systematischen Verzerrungen auszugehen. Der Indikator wird zur Anwendung in der Gesundheitsberichterstattung vorgeschlagen.
Psychotherapie nach einem Suizidversuch – Evidenzlage und Bewertung
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Gysin-Maillart Anja 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungSuizidversuche gelten als einer der wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für Suizide. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in den letzten Jahren diverse Psychotherapieangebote für Personen nach einem Suizidversuch entwickelt und untersucht. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels wird der aktuelle Stand der Effektivitätsforschung zusammengefasst, es werden Beispiele für erfolgreiche suizidfokussierte Psychotherapieprogramme gegeben und der gegenwärtige Forschungs- und Wissensstand wird kritisch reflektiert. Die Ergebnisse von 2 aktuellen Cochrane-Reviews zur Psychotherapie nach selbstverletzendem Verhalten im Kindes‑, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter sowie Befunde aus 14 weiteren Metaanalysen zur psychologischen Suizidprävention, die in den vergangenen 5 Jahren publiziert wurden, werden überblicksartig dargestellt.Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) und die dialektisch-behaviorale Therapie (DBT) haben sich als effektiv erwiesen. Insgesamt sind die gemittelten Effektstärken jedoch von geringer Größe und diverse methodische Probleme verunmöglichen weitreichende Schlussfolgerungen. Grundsätzlich kommt der suizidspezifischen Psychotherapie in der individuumszentrierten Suizidprävention besondere Bedeutung zu; die empirische Fundierung und Dissemination entsprechender Programme sind jedoch noch unzureichend.
Responses to larval herbivory in the phenylpropanoid pathway of Ulmus minor are boosted by prior insect egg deposition
Authors: Schott Johanna , Fuchs Benjamin , Böttcher Christoph , Hilker Monika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Elms, which have received insect eggs as a ‘warning’ of larval herbivory, enhance their anti-herbivore defences by accumulating salicylic acid and amplifying phenylpropanoid-related transcriptional and metabolic responses to hatching larvae.

Abstract
Plant responses to insect eggs can result in intensified defences against hatching larvae. In annual plants, this egg-mediated effect is known to be associated with changes in leaf phenylpropanoid levels. However, little is known about how trees—long-living, perennial plants—improve their egg-mediated, anti-herbivore defences. The role of phytohormones and the phenylpropanoid pathway in egg-primed anti-herbivore defences of a tree species has until now been left unexplored. Using targeted and untargeted metabolome analyses we studied how the phenylpropanoid pathway of Ulmus minor responds to egg-laying by the elm leaf beetle and subsequent larval feeding. We found that when compared to untreated leaves, kaempferol and quercetin concentrations increased in feeding-damaged leaves with prior egg deposition, but not in feeding-damaged leaves without eggs. PCR analyses revealed that prior insect egg deposition intensified feeding-induced expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), encoding the gateway enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Salicylic acid (SA) concentrations were higher in egg-treated, feeding-damaged leaves than in egg-free, feeding-damaged leaves, but SA levels did not increase in response to egg deposition alone—in contrast to observations made of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that prior egg deposition induces a SA-mediated response in elms to feeding damage. Furthermore, egg deposition boosts phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in subsequently feeding-damaged leaves by enhanced PAL expression, which results in the accumulation of phenylpropanoid derivatives. As such, the elm tree shows similar, yet distinct, responses to insect eggs and larval feeding as the annual model plant A. thaliana.
In the family: access to, and communication of, familial information in clinical practice
Authors: Lucassen Anneke , Clarke Angus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow an individual’s genetic information is governed by confidentiality, and how the interests of others—such as close relatives—in knowing such information might be respected, has been the topic of much debate ever since genetic testing has become more prevalent. In this paper, two authors who often appear to have different views on familial disclosure, discuss where they agree on this topic.
The impact of tooth loss on cognitive function
Authors: Galindo-Moreno Pablo , Lopez-Chaichio Lucia , Padial-Molina Miguel , Avila-Ortiz Gustavo , O’Valle Francisco , Ravida Andrea , Catena Andres 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
To investigate if there is epidemiological evidence of an association between edentulism and cognitive decline beside that currently available from limited sample-sized case series and cross-sectional studies considering limited co-variables.

Materials and methods
Data from two USA national health surveys [NHIS 2014–2017 and NHANES 2005–2018] were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression to study the impact of type of edentulism and number of remaining teeth on memory and concentration problems. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, education level, cardiovascular health index, body mass index, exercise, alcohol, smoking habits, and anxiety and depression were used as covariates.

Results
The combined population sample was 102,291 individuals. Age, socioeconomic status, educational level, anxiety and depression levels, and edentulism showed the highest odds ratios for cognitive decline. Number of teeth present in the mouth was found to be a predictor of cognitive status. This association showed a gradient effect, so that the lower the number of teeth, the greater the risk of exhibiting cognitive decline.

Conclusions
Edentulism was found among the higher ORs for cognitive impairment.

Clinical relevance
Maintenance of functional teeth through the promotion of oral health may contribute to the preservation of memory/concentration and other essential cognitive functions. Thus, increasing and efficiently coordinating efforts aimed at preventing of tooth loss in the adult population could substantially contribute to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment.
Anti-Haecceitism and Fundamentality
Authors: Scarpati Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIs everything about reality either qualitative or somehow determined by the qualitative character of reality itself? Metaphysical anti-Haecceitism is often taken to be the claim that this is the case, and to entail that reality is fundamentally qualitative. In this paper, I (1) argue against the idea that metaphysical anti-Haecceitism should be characterized in such terms, and (2) defend a novel way to phrase such a view. This will be done by taking the main arguments for anti-Haecceitism as a guide and by singling out the proper commitments of a view that satisfies the desideratum set forth by such arguments. The phrasing I shall offer will help tell the issue of anti-Haecceitism apart from some concerns about fundamentality that, I will contend, are orthogonal to it—among them, the question whether there is fundamentality at all.
Terahertz Multilayer Thickness Measurements: Comparison of Optoelectronic Time and Frequency Domain Systems
Authors: Liebermeister Lars , Nellen Simon , Kohlhaas Robert B. , Lauck Sebastian , Deumer Milan , Breuer Steffen , Schell Martin , Globisch Björn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe compare a state-of-the-art terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (TDS) system and a novel optoelectronic frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) system with respect to their performance in layer thickness measurements. We use equal sample sets, THz optics, and data evaluation methods for both spectrometers. On single-layer and multi-layer dielectric samples, we found a standard deviation of thickness measurements below 0.2 µm for TDS and below 0.5 µm for FDS. This factor of approx. two between the accuracy of both systems reproduces well for all samples. Although the TDS system achieves higher accuracy, FDS systems can be a competitive alternative for two reasons. First, the architecture of an FDS system is essentially simpler, and thus the price can be much lower compared to TDS. Second, an accuracy below 1 µm is sufficient for many real-world applications. Thus, this work may be a starting point for a comprehensive cross comparison of different terahertz systems developed for specific industrial applications.
Gambling Outlets Location in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Madrid
Authors: Pérez Levi , Rodríguez Ana , Shmarev Andrey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCities are certainly a key factor in the location of gambling facilities. This paper aims to map the location of gambling outlets in urban areas and to examine potential links between neighborhoods socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and gambling supply, taking into account spatial dependencies of neighboring areas. This correlation is of interest because neighborhood characteristics may attract sellers, and because the presence of gambling sellers may cause changes in neighborhood demographics. Using detailed official data from the city of Madrid for the year 2017, three spatial econometric approaches are considered: spatial autoregressive (SAR) model, spatial error model (SEM) and spatial lag of X (explicative variables) model (SLX). Empirical analysis finds a strong correlation between neighborhoods characteristics and co-location of gambling outlets, highlighting a specific geographic patterning of distribution within more disadvantaged urban areas. This may have interesting implications for gambling stakeholders and for local governments when it comes to the introduction and/or increase of gambling availability.
Edge Network Routing Protocol Base on Target Tracking Scenario
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi , Zhao Weihua , Huang Ouhan , Jia Gangyong , Li Youhuizi , Mei Songzhu , Zhao Duan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEdge computing perfectly integrates cloud computing centers and edge-end devices together, but there are not many related researches on how the edge-end node devices work to form an edge network and what the protocols used to implement the communication among nodes in the edge network. Aiming at the problem of coordinated communication among edge nodes in the current edge computing network architecture, this paper proposes an edge network routing and forwarding protocol based on target tracking scenarios. This protocol can meet the dynamic changes of node locations, and the elastic expansion of node scale. Individual node failures will not affect the overall network, and the network ensures efficient real-time with less communication overhead. The experimental results display that the protocol can effectively reduce the communications volume of the edge network, improve the overall efficiency of the network, and set the optimal sampling period, so as to ensure that the network delay is minimized.
BepiColombo - Mission Overview and Science Goals
Authors: Benkhoff J. , Murakami G. , Baumjohann W. , Besse S. , Bunce E. , Casale M. , Cremosese G. , Glassmeier K.-H. , Hayakawa H. , Heyner D. , Hiesinger H. , Huovelin J. , Hussmann H. , Iafolla V. , Iess L. , Kasaba Y. , Kobayashi M. , Milillo A. , Mitrofanov I. G. , Montagnon E. , Novara M. , Orsini S. , Quemerais E. , Reininghaus U. , Saito Y. , Santoli F. , Stramaccioni D. , Sutherland O. , Thomas N. , Yoshikawa I. , Zender J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBepiColombo is a joint mission between the European Space Agency, ESA, and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA, to perform a comprehensive exploration of Mercury. Launched on $20^{\mathrm{th}}$

20
th

October 2018 from the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, the spacecraft is now en route to Mercury.Two orbiters have been sent to Mercury and will be put into dedicated, polar orbits around the planet to study the planet and its environment. One orbiter, Mio, is provided by JAXA, and one orbiter, MPO, is provided by ESA. The scientific payload of both spacecraft will provide detailed information necessary to understand the origin and evolution of the planet itself and its surrounding environment. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, the only terrestrial planet besides Earth with a self-sustained magnetic field, and the smallest planet in our Solar System. It is a key planet for understanding the evolutionary history of our Solar System and therefore also for the question of how the Earth and our Planetary System were formed.The scientific objectives focus on a global characterization of Mercury through the investigation of its interior, surface, exosphere, and magnetosphere. In addition, instrumentation onboard BepiColombo will be used to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Major effort was put into optimizing the scientific return of the mission by defining a payload such that individual measurements can be interrelated and complement each other.
On the Monotonicity of the Isoperimetric Quotient for Parallel Bodies
Authors: Richter Christian , Saorín Gómez Eugenia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe isoperimetric quotient of the whole family of inner and outer parallel bodies of a convex body is shown to be decreasing in the parameter of definition of parallel bodies, along with a characterization of those convex bodies for which that quotient happens to be constant on some interval within its domain. This is obtained relative to arbitrary gauge bodies, having the classical Euclidean setting as a particular case. Similar results are established for different families of Wulff shapes that are closely related to parallel bodies. These give rise to solutions of isoperimetric-type problems. Furthermore, new results on the monotonicity of quotients of other quermassintegrals different from surface area and volume, for the family of parallel bodies, are obtained.
Cost stickiness and the firm’s organizational form: evidence from the property-liability insurance sector
Authors: Gores Timo , Rauch Jannes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine the existence of cost stickiness in the German property-liability insurance sector by analyzing if the percentage increase in administrative costs for a rise in premiums is larger than the percentage decrease in administrative costs for an equivalent drop in premiums. In addition, we analyze if sticky cost behavior depends on insurance firms’ organizational form. Using company-level data from German property-liability insurance firms for the years 2001–2017 and regression analyses, we find that administrative costs are sticky in the insurance sector, as administrative costs increase on average 0.82% per 1% increase in premiums but decrease only 0.6% per 1% decrease in premium income. Moreover, we find that stock insurers exhibit lower levels of cost stickiness, indicating better monitoring mechanisms.
Microbial processes during deposition and diagenesis of Banded Iron Formations
Authors: Dreher Carolin L. , Schad Manuel , Robbins Leslie J. , Konhauser Kurt O. , Kappler Andreas , Joshi Prachi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBanded Iron Formations (BIFs) are marine chemical sediments consisting of alternating iron (Fe)-rich and silica (Si)-rich bands which were deposited throughout much of the Precambrian era. BIFs represent important proxies for the geochemical composition of Precambrian seawater and provide evidence for early microbial life. Iron present in BIFs was likely precipitated in the form of Fe3+ (Fe(III)) minerals, such as ferrihydrite (Fe(OH)3), either through the metabolic activity of anoxygenic photoautotrophic Fe2+ (Fe(II))-oxidizing bacteria (photoferrotrophs), by microaerophilic bacteria, or by the oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) by O2 produced by early cyanobacteria. However, in addition to oxidized Fe-bearing minerals such as hematite (FeIII2O3), (partially) reduced minerals such as magnetite (FeIIFeIII2O4) and siderite (FeIICO3) are found in BIFs as well. The presence of reduced Fe in BIFs has been suggested to reflect the reduction of primary Fe(III) minerals by dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, or by metamorphic (high pressure and temperature) reactions occurring in presence of buried organic matter. Here, we present the current understanding of the role of Fe-metabolizing bacteria in the deposition of BIFs, as well as competing hypotheses that favor an abiotic model for BIF deposition. We also discuss the potential abiotic and microbial reduction of Fe(III) in BIFs after deposition. Further, we review the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. P and Ni) and their implications on early Earth biogeochemistry. Overall, the combined results of various ancient seawater analogue experiments aimed at assessing microbial iron cycling pathways, coupled with the analysis of the BIF rock record, point towards a strong biotic influence during BIF genesis.
From isolation to application: a case study of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Al-Yahya’ei Mohamed N. , Błaszkowski Janusz , Al-Hashmi Hamood , Al-Farsi Khaled , Al-Rashdi Ismail , Patzelt Annette , Boller Thomas , Wiemken Andres , Symanczik Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The vegetation in the Arabian Peninsula experiences drought, heat, soil salinity, and low fertility, mainly due to low phosphorus (P) availability. The beneficial mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a key factor supporting plant growth under such environmental conditions. Therefore, AMF strains isolated from these soils might be useful as biotechnological tools for agriculture and revegetation practices in the region. Here we present a pioneering program to isolate, identify, and apply AMF isolated from rhizosphere soils of agricultural and natural habitats, namely date palm plantations and five native desert plants, respectively in the Southern Arabian Peninsula. We established taxonomically unique AMF species as single-spore cultures as part of an expanding collection of AMF strains adapted to arid ecosystems. Preliminary experiments were conducted to evaluate the abilities of these AMF strains to promote seedling growth of a main crop Phoenix dactylifera L. and a common plant Prosopis cineraria L. (Druce) in the Arabian Peninsula. The results showed that inoculation with certain AMF species enhanced the growth of both plants, highlighting the potential of these fungi as part of sustainable land use practices in this region.
Experimental study on the performance of emulsions produced during ASP flooding
Authors: Laben Ahmed B. , Kayiem Hussain H. Al- , Alameen Mohammed A. , Khan Javed A. , Belhaj Ahmed F. , Elraies Khaled A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractASP (Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer) flooding is one of the most promising techniques that has proven to have successful application in several laboratory and pilot tests. However, the formation of persistent and stable emulsions is one of the associated problems with ASP flooding. The present work investigated the effect of sodium carbonate alkaline, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS) surfactant, and GLP100 polymer on produced crude oil emulsion. The study was conducted by measuring the emulsion stability in terms of water separation and rag layer volume using a TurbiScan analyzer, the dispersed droplet size using cross-polarization microscopy, the interfacial tension using spinning drop tensiometer, and rheological properties using rheometer. The experimental results have shown that AOS presence increased the emulsion stability only when its concentration is above 100 ppm. Meanwhile, below 100 ppm, the presence of AOS promoted water separation and reduced the rag layer volume. In a less significant manner, a high concentration of sodium carbonate alkali increased the stability of the emulsion. The use of GLP100 Polymer has shown substantial ability in promoting water separation and reducing the rag layer volume to a minimal level. It is believed that the outcomes of this work will aid in developing a suitable destabilization process to enhance the oil–water separation and produced water treatment from ASP flooding in the oil production fields. Further investigations on AS, AP, SP as well as the ASP's combined effect on emulsion stability, droplet size, interfacial tension and rheological properties are highly recommended to support the decision-makers on the EOR implementations with chemical additives.
Methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue, modifies maturation and emergence in overwintering Osmia rufa L. adults
Authors: Giejdasz Karol , Fliszkiewicz Monika , Wasielewski Oskar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of methods aimed at activation of imagos at any point of wintering provides a compelling potential avenue to utilize bees for pollination of greenhouse crops during autumn, winter, and early spring. In this study, we tested methoprene, a juvenile hormone (JH) analogue as a chemical stimulant to end a diapause of Osmia rufa L. and enable bee activation and emergence under experimental conditions. The application of methoprene significantly reduced the emergence time of adult bees in winter months as compared to vehicle (acetone) and negative controls. Bees treated with methoprene started to emerge 3–6 days earlier than bees from acetone and control groups and finished emergence 2–6 days earlier too. Statistically significant differences were observed between methoprene and controls groups of male and female in all tested incubation periods. It was also observed that the effects of methoprene were significantly more effective in female specimens during the first 2 months of winter. Moreover, in females, methoprene improved reproductive traits such as an increase in the size of terminal oocytes. Similarly, in males, methoprene treatment resulted in a significant increase in a seminal vesicle size and dynamic elevation of spermatozoa number. Taken together, our results indicate that methoprene may play an important role in the termination of diapause, bee activation, and emergence.