bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glargine versus regular insulin protocol in feline diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian K. , Luckschander‐Zeller Nicole , Karlovits Sonja , Rand Jaquie S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether basal‐bolus administration of glargine insulin is a safe and effective alternative treatment compared to the standard continuous rate infusion (CRI) protocol.DesignProspective randomized clinical trial.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty cats diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).InterventionsThe cats were block‐randomized to either a CRI protocol using regular insulin (CRI‐group; n = 10) or a basal‐bolus SC and IM glargine protocol (glargine‐group, n = 10). Baseline blood gases, electrolytes, glucose, and β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB) concentrations were measured at the time of admission and later at predefined intervals until reaching the primary endpoint of the study, defined as a β‐hydroxybutyrate concentration < 2.55 mmol/L.Measurements and main resultsThe main outcome measure was time (h) to resolution of ketonemia. Secondary outcome measures were time until first improvement of hyperglycemia and ketonemia, decrease of glucose to ≤13.9 mmol/L (250 mg/dL), resolution of acidosis, consumption of first meal, and discharge from hospital. Additionally, occurrence of treatment‐associated adverse events and death were compared. Seventeen cats (85%) survived to discharge, with no difference in survival between groups (P = 1.0). Median times to β‐OHB < 2.55 mmol/L were 42 (CRI‐group) and 30 (glargine‐group) hours, respectively (P = 0.114). Median times to first improvement of hyperglycemia (glargine‐group: 2 h; CRI‐group: 6 h;P = 0.018) and until discharge from hospital (glargine‐group: 140 h; CRI‐group: 174 h;P = 0.033) were significantly shorter in the glargine‐group. No significant differences were observed in any other parameter under investigation (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBasal‐bolus administration of glargine insulin appears to be an effective and safe alternative to the current standard CRI‐protocol for the management of DKA in cats. The positive outcomes and simplicity make it a viable option for the treatment of feline DKA.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudal portion of the digastric muscle in canine idiopathic facial neuropathy
Authors: McGregor Ombeline , Plested Mark J. , Beltran Elsa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdiopathic is the most common etiology for acute onset of facial neuropathy in dogs with limited number of studies describing MRI characteristics. A retrospective, observational study was performed using archived records, aiming to describe the MRI features of the caudal portion of the digastric muscle in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic facial neuropathy and to determine correlation with prognosis. Client‐owned dogs presented to a referral hospital between 2009 and 2019, diagnosed with unilateral idiopathic facial neuropathy and having undergone MRI, with images including the caudal portion of the digastric muscle, were included (n = 19). MRI appearance of the affected muscle, including degree of muscle atrophy, signal intensity, enhancement post‐contrast, and enhancement characteristics of the affected facial nerve, was described and compared to the contralateral, clinically unaffected caudal portion of the digastric muscle. Correlation between MRI appearance and outcome at 1‐month and 3‐months following onset of clinical signs was investigated. The majority of patients demonstrated some degree of muscle atrophy (n = 17, 89%), hyperintensity in T2W (n = 17, 89%), and pre‐contrast T1W (n = 15, 79%) images, as well as contrast enhancement of the affected muscle (n = 14, 74%) and affected facial nerve (n = 9, 47%). There was no statistically significant correlation between atrophy or enhancement of the affected caudal portion of the digastric muscle nor between enhancement of the affected facial nerve and outcome. Hyperintensity both in T2W images and pre‐contrast T1W images was significantly correlated with a worse prognosis. Ensuring inclusion and evaluation of this muscle in MRI may therefore be indicated in canine idiopathic facial neuropathy.
Effect of Retrofit Scenarios on Energy Performance and Indoor Thermal Comfort of a Typical Single-Family House in Different Climates of Morocco
Authors: Sobhy Issam , Benhamou Brahim , Brakez Abderrahim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper aims at identifying the impact of three retrofit scenarios of a typical single-family house on its energy performance and its indoor thermal comfort in several climates. Two of these scenarios are based on the Moroccan Thermal Regulation in Constructions (RTCM) while the third is the one proposed in this study. The climates range from group B to group C of the Köppen climate classification. The results show that the proposed renovation scenario allows reducing the heating load by 19–42% and the cooling load by 29–60% depending on the climate. Furthermore, the RTCM retrofit scenario leads to summer overheating in all climates. One of the main reasons for this overheating is the insulation of the slab-on-grade floor as this insulation increases the annual heating/cooling energy needs of the house by 6–10%. Moreover, the cavity wall technique was found to be the best option for external walls, instead of using high thermal insulating material, in hot climates. The analysis of the energy performance, the thermal comfort indices, and the payback periods for each retrofit scenario shows that the proposed scenario presents the best thermal performance, except for the cold climate where the RTCM scenario is the most favorable.
Finite Element Modeling for Orthogonal Machining of AA2024-T351 Alloy With an Advanced Fracture Criterion
Authors: Paresi Prudvi Reddy , Narayanan Arunachalam , Lou Yanshan , Yoon Jeong Whan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Numerical modeling of the plastic deformation and fracture during the high-speed machining is highly challengeable. Consequently, there is a need for an advanced constitutive model and fracture criterion to make the numerical models more reliable. The aim of the present study is to extend the recent advanced static Lou-Yoon-Huh (LYH) ductile fracture creation to high strain rate and temperature applications such as machining. In the present work, the LYH static fracture creation was extended to machining conditions by introducing strain rate and temperature dependency terms. This extended LYH fracture criterion was calibrated over the wide range of stress triaxialities and different temperatures. Modified Khan- Huang-Liang (KHL) constitutive model along with the variable friction model was employed to predict the flow behavior of work material during the machining simulation. Damage evolution method was coupled to identify the element deletion point during the machining simulation. Orthogonal machining experiments were carried out for an aerospace-grade AA2024-T351 at cutting speeds varying between 100 and 400 m/min with the feed rates varying between 0.1 and 0.3 mm/rev. To assess the prediction capabilities of extended LYH fracture criterion, numerical simulations were also carried out using Johnson-Cook (JC) fracture criterion under all experimental conditions. Specific cutting energy, chip morphology, and compression ratio predictions were compared with the experimental data. Numerical predictions with coupled extended LYH criterion showed good agreement with experimental results compared to coupled JC fracture criterion.
Corrosion Study on Single-Phase Liquid Cooling Cold Plates With Inhibited Propylene Glycol/Water Coolant for Data Centers
Authors: Shia David , Yang Jin , Sivapalan Sean , Soeung Rithi , Amoah-Kusi Christian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Single-phase cold plate liquid cooling attracts more and more attention to high-performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, and general computing data centers for the thermal management of modern microprocessors and adjacent components due to liquid’s inherent advantage of higher specific heat compared to air. Deionized (DI) water is usually used as a coolant for liquid cooling in data centers. On the contrary, propylene glycol/water is recommended as a coolant for single-phase cold plate liquid cooling in this study for following reasons. The inhibited propylene glycol-based fluids of 25+% vol have the benefit of being biostatic and not requiring addition of biocides. They also offer freezing protection in the usage of data centers in cold climates. The cold plates made from copper is prone to oxide even under the room temperature, and the dissimilarity between brazing material and copper can also cause galvanic corrosion in the usage. In this paper, a study was carried out to investigate cold plate corrosion with inhibited propylene glycol/water using design of experiments (DOE) method. This study shows manufacturing process plays an important role on corrosion of cold plates made from copper and the corrosion risk can be mitigated by enabling new manufacturing processes, including friction stir welding (FSW) and nickel plating to the inside surface of the cold plate in the manufacturing process.
A Calibration Method for Enhancing Robot Accuracy Through Integration of Kinematic Model and Spatial Interpolation Algorithm
Authors: Qi Junde , Chen Bing , Zhang Dinghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Industrial robots are finding their niche in the field of machining due to their advantages of high flexibility, good versatility, and low cost. However, limited by the low absolute positioning accuracy, there are still huge obstacles in high-precision machining processes such as grinding. Aiming at this problem, a compensation method combining analytical modeling for quantitative errors with spatial interpolation algorithm for random errors is proposed based on the full consideration of the source and characteristics of positioning errors. First, as for the quantitative errors, namely geometric parameter and compliance error in this paper, a kinematics-based error model is constructed taking the coupling effect of errors into consideration. Then avoiding the impact of random errors, the extended Kalman filtering (EKF) algorithm is adopted to identify the error parameters. Second, based on the similarity principle of spatial error, spatial interpolation algorithm is used to model the residual error caused by temperature, gear clearance, etc. Based on the spatial anisotropy characteristics of robot motion performance, an adaptive mesh division algorithm was proposed to balance the accuracy and efficiency of mesh division. Then, an inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm considering the influence degree of different joints on the end position was established to improve the approximation accuracy of residual error. Finally, the rough-fine two-stage serial error compensation method was carried out. Experimental results show that the mean absolute positioning accuracy is improved from 1.165 mm to 0.106 mm, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in this paper.
Effectiveness of a national mass distribution campaign of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying on clinical malaria in Malawi, 2018–2020
Authors: Topazian Hillary M , Gumbo Austin , Brandt Katerina , Kayange Michael , Smith Jennifer S , Edwards Jessie K , Goel Varun , Mvalo Tisungane , Emch Michael , Pettifor Audrey E , Juliano Jonathan J , Hoffman Irving 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionMalawi’s malaria burden is primarily assessed via cross-sectional national household surveys. However, malaria is spatially and temporally heterogenous and no analyses have been performed at a subdistrict level throughout the course of a year. The WHO recommends mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) every 3 years, but a national longitudinal evaluation has never been conducted in Malawi to determine LLIN effectiveness lifespans.MethodsUsing District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) health facility data, available from January 2018 to June 2020, we assessed malaria risk before and after a mass distribution campaign, stratifying by age group and comparing risk differences (RDs) by LLIN type or annual application of indoor residual spraying (IRS).Results711 health facilities contributed 20 962 facility reports over 30 months. After national distribution of 10.7 million LLINs and IRS in limited settings, malaria risk decreased from 25.6 to 16.7 cases per 100 people from 2018 to 2019 high transmission seasons, and rebounded to 23.2 in 2020, resulting in significant RDs of −8.9 in 2019 and −2.4 in 2020 as compared with 2018. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-treated LLINs were more effective than pyrethroid-treated LLINs, with adjusted RDs of −2.3 (95% CI −2.7 to −1.9) and −1.5 (95% CI −2.0 to −1.0) comparing 2019 and 2020 high transmission seasons to 2018. Use of IRS sustained protection with adjusted RDs of −1.4 (95% CI −2.0 to −0.9) and −2.8% (95% CI −3.5 to −2.2) relative to pyrethroid-treated LLINs. Overall, 12 of 28 districts (42.9%) experienced increases in malaria risk in from 2018 to 2020.ConclusionLLINs in Malawi have a limited effectiveness lifespan and IRS and PBO-treated LLINs perform better than pyrethroid-treated LLINs, perhaps due to net repurposing and insecticide-resistance. DHIS2 provides a compelling framework in which to examine localised malaria trends and evaluate ongoing interventions.
Factors associated with the length of stay at health facilities after childbirth among mothers and newborns in Dhading, Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ikeda Subaru , Shibanuma Akira , Silwal Ram , Jimba Masamine 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo measure the length of stay at a health facility after childbirth, identify factors associated with the length of stay and measure the gap between the timings of the last check-up and discharge.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFive public health facilities in Dhading, Nepal.Participants351 randomly selected mothers who gave birth at selected health facilities within 1 year of data collection between 10 and 31 August 2018.Outcome measureLength of stay (hours) at a health facility after childbirth. Adequate length was defined as 24 hours or longer based on the WHO guidelines.ResultsAmong 350 mothers (99.7%) out of 351 recruited, 61.7% were discharged within 24 hours after childbirth. Factors associated with shorter length of stay were as follows: travel time less than 30 min to a health facility (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.69, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.78); delivery attended by auxiliary staff (IRR=0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98); and delivery in a primary healthcare centre (IRR=0.67, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.79). Factors associated with longer length of stay were as follows: aged 22 years or above at the first pregnancy (IRR=1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40); having maternal complications (IRR=2.41, 95% CI 2.16 to 2.70); accompanied by her own family (IRR=1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34), accompanied by her husband (IRR=1.16, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.29); and delivered at a facility with a physical space where mother and newborn could stay overnight (IRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.34). Among mothers without complications, 32% received the last check-up 3 hours or less before discharge.ConclusionsMultiple factors, such as mothers’ conditions, health facility characteristics and external support, were associated with the length of stay after childbirth. However, even if mothers stayed long, they might have not necessarily received timely and proper assessment before discharge.
Evaluating pictorial support in person-centred care for children (PicPecc): a protocol for a crossover design study
Authors: Nilsson Stefan , Wiljén Angelica , Bergquist Jonas , Chaplin John , Johnson Ensa , Karlsson Katarina , Lindroth Tomas , Schwarz Anneli , Stenmarker Margaretha , Thunberg Gunilla , Esplana Linda , Frid Eva , Haglind Malin , Höök Angelica , Wille Joakim , Öhlen Joakim 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThis study protocol outlines the evaluation of the pictorial support in person-centred care for children (PicPecc). PicPecc is a digital tool used by children aged 5–17 years to self-report symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who undergo high-dose methotrexate treatments. The design of the digital platform follows the principles of universal design using pictorial support to provide accessibility for all children regardless of communication or language challenges and thus facilitating international comparison.Methods and analysisBoth effect and process evaluations will be conducted. A crossover design will be used to measure the effect/outcome, and a mixed-methods design will be used to measure the process/implementation. The primary outcome in the effect evaluation will be self-reported distress. Secondary outcomes will be stress levels monitored via neuropeptides, neurosteroids and peripheral steroids indicated in plasma blood samples; frequency of in-app estimation of high levels of distress by the children; children's use of analgesic medicine and person centeredness evaluated via the questionnaire Visual CARE Measure. For the process evaluation, qualitative interviews will be carried out with children with cancer, their legal guardians and case-related healthcare professionals. These interviews will address experiences with PicPecc in terms of feasibility and frequency of use from the child’s perspective and value to the caseworker. Interview transcripts will be analysed using an interpretive description methodology.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (reference 2019-02392; 2020-02601; 2020-06226). Children, legal guardians, healthcare professionals, policymaking and research stakeholders will be involved in all stages of the research process according to Medical Research Council’s guidelines. Research findings will be presented at international cancer and paediatric conferences and published in scientific journals.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov;NCT04433650.
Patients’ perception of the outpatient pharmaceutical service quality in hospital pharmacies with auditable pharmaceutical transactions and services in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassa Desalegn Gebrehaweria , Xiang Cheng , Hu Shuchen , Hayat Khezar , Andegiorgish Amanuel Kidane , Fang Yu , Yang Caijun 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo ensure the availability of quality pharmaceutical products and effective pharmaceutical services, a package of interventions named auditable pharmaceutical transactions and services (APTS), was implemented in the tertiary and secondary hospitals across Ethiopia since 2014. This study aimed to evaluate outpatients’ perception of pharmaceutical service quality in hospitals with APTS in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSeven hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia.Participants794 patients coming for pharmaceutical services.Main outcome measuresSERVQUAL instrument was employed to collect the patient’s perception of pharmaceutical services. The mean perception score of pharmaceutical service quality was the main outcome measurement.ResultsOut of 810 patients approached, 794 participated in the study (response rate of 98.02%). Overall, the mean perception score of the service quality was 3.1 of 5. Among the five dimensions of SERVQUAL, dimension of empathy achieved the highest result with a mean score of 3.71, and tangibility was the second (3.19), followed by responsiveness (3.08), assurance (2.87) and reliability (2.81). The perception of patients in tertiary hospitals of service quality was more positive compared with patients in secondary hospitals (3.265>3.011, p=0.04). However, the difference was only significant in the dimension of assurance when considering the five dimensions separately. Respondents who were older, widowed, illiterate, farmer, retired or Orthodox were found to have better quality service experience compared with others (p=0.001).ConclusionGenerally, outpatients’ perception of pharmaceutical service quality was positive. However, two dimensions of the service quality (assurance and reliability) were negatively perceived. To improve the service quality, we recommended the following: (1) managers should provide more training for pharmacists to strengthen their professional knowledge and encourage them to cooperate with other professionals; (2) the government needs to develop guidelines on information provided to patients and train the pharmacists to follow them; (3) hospitals can apply various procurement methods and efficient inventory management methods.
Control Crohn Safe with episodic adalimumab monotherapy as first-line treatment study (CoCroS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Janssen Laura , Romberg-Camps Mariëlle , van Bodegraven Ad , Haans Jeoffrey , Aquarius Michèl , Boekema Paul , Munnecom Tamara , Brandts Lloyd , Joore Manuela , Masclee Adrian , Jonkers D , Pierik M 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionCrohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a heterogeneous clinical presentation, relapse rate and treatment response. At present, no markers are available to adequately predict disease course at diagnosis. To prevent overtreatment of patients with a relative mild disease course, a step-up approach starting with corticosteroids is usually applied. Timely introduction of potentially disease modifying drugs and tight control of mucosal inflammation are crucial to prevent disease-related complications in patients with a complex disease course. We hypothesise that episodic treatment with adalimumab monotherapy in combination with close monitoring after drug discontinuation improves long-term outcome and reduces drug-related side effects, while preventing overtreatment.Methods and analysisIn this pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial, newly diagnosed CD patients or CD patients with a flare, naïve to thiopurines and biologicals, will be included and randomised 1:1 to open-label episodic (ie, 24 weeks) adalimumab monotherapy or step-up care starting with corticosteroids. The primary outcome is the number of yearly quarters of corticosteroid free clinical (Monitor Inflammatory Bowel Disease At Home score ≤3) and biochemical (C reactive protein within normal range and faecal calprotectin ≤200 µg/g) remission at week 96. Secondary outcomes are total healthcare costs, cumulative corticosteroid dose, proportion of patients with endoscopic remission at week 24, corticosteroid-free clinical remission, time to remission and patient-reported outcome measures on quality of life, (work) disability and treatment adherence. Safety outcomes are drug-related and disease-related adverse events and disease progression on MRI-enterography at week 96.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of azM/UM in Maastricht dated 21 August 2019 (METC18-076) and is monitored by the Clinical Trial Centre Maastricht according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients. Study results will be published in international peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberNCT03917303.