bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymers Based on Phenyl Boric Acid in Tumor-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Luo Dexia , Yao Zheng , Wu Junzi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Tumors are still among the major challenges to human health. Tumor-targeted therapy
is an effective way to treat tumors based on precise medical models. Sialic acid (SA) is overexpressed on the
surface of tumor cells, and Phenyl Boric Acid (PBA) can specifically bind to SA. However, studies on the use
of PBA in tumor-targeted therapy are few.

Objective:
To summarize and analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of tumor targeted therapy in recent
years, and the influencing factors of phenyl boric acid modified polymers in tumor targeted therapy, such
as hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), and sugars. This paper describes the application
of phenyl boric acid partially functionalized nano-polymers in various types of targeted tumors, such as
breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, liver cancer, and so forth. In order to further improve the basic research
and clinical workers' understanding of nano-preparations and tumor targeted therapy. At the same time, it is also
expected to promote the development value of phenyl boric acid.

Methods:
The findings on tumor-targeted therapy and the role of partially functionalized polymers with PBA in
different tumors at home and abroad has been analyzed and summarized in recent years.

Results:
Tumor-targeted therapy is a promising treatment for tumors. PBA promotes the treatment of tumors using
SA, which is highly expressed on the surface of tumor cells.

Conclusions:
Tumor-targeted therapy has shown great prospects for clinical application in recent years. PBA is
beneficial as a member of the drug loading system. Further studies are still needed to promote its development
and application.
Design and Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as Anti-Angiogenesis and Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Gangapuram Madhavi , Eyunni Suresh , Zhang Wang , Redda Kinfe K. 
Published: January 2021

Aim: :
The aim of our research work is the synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as anti-Angiogenesis and anti-cancer
agents.

Background: :
Cancer is the second leading cause of deaths in United States. The current recovery rate from the advanced treatment for
the cancer is unacceptably low. Therefore, identification of novel, potent and less toxic anticancer agents remains a top priority.

Objective:
To 1) evaluate anti-angiogenesis, anticancer activities of THIQs on different colorectal cancer cell lines (CRC) viz., Colo320,
DLD-1, HCT116, SNU-C1, SW480 and GSK3b in pre-treated viability HCT116. 2) Undertake molecular docking studies of THIQs.

Methods:
Twenty synthesized THIQs were screened in the Eli Lilly’s Open Innovation Drug Discovery Program
and selected twelve compounds for in vitro primary screening in the KRas (Kirsten rat sarcoma)-Wnt SL
(Synthetic Lethal) in the basal viability of different colon cancer cell lines. Docking studies of the active THIQs
were also performed in our laboratory, targeting the active sites of KRas and VEGF receptors.

Results:
Compound GM-3-18 was found to possess significant activities for KRas inhibition, with IC50 values
in the range of 0.9 μM to 10.7 μM, for all colon cancer cell lines. Compound GM-3-121 showed potent anti-angiogenesis
activity with IC50 = 1.72 μM. Molecular docking studies showed that the carbonyl oxygen atoms of
GM-3-18 and GM-3-121 showed hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydrogen of - OH groups of THR 74
(A).

Conclusion:
The results indicated that all the compounds showed moderate to high activity for KRas inhibition.
The THIQs bearing the chloro group at the 4-position of the phenyl ring (GM-3-18) exhibited significant
KRas inhibition against all colon cancer cell lines.
Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Lung and Liver Protective Activity of
Galaxaura oblongata as Antagonistic Efficacy against LPS using Hematological
Parameters and Immunohistochemistry as Biomarkers
Authors: Nabil-Adam Asmaa , Shreadah Mohamed Attia 
Published: January 2021

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the potential bioactivity and the ameliorative
role of Galaxaura oblongata (G. oblongata) against LPS-induced toxicity using hematological
parameters.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to examine its protective effect using the immunohistochemistry
of the liver and lungs as biomarkers in male BALB/C albino mice.

Materials and Methods:
The current study was carried out using different in-vitro and in-vivo assays,
such as phytochemicals, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory for in-vitro where the hematological
and immunohistochemistry for lung and liver were investigated in vivo.

Results:
No previous studies were performed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro effects of the G.
oblongata extracts as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory due to their rareness compared to other
red algae. LPS treated mice revealed a significant decrease in the total number of WBCs, RBCs,
platelets, and HGB%, MPV, MCV and MCHC compared to the control group. In contrast, the
HCT and MCHC were increased in the induction group, which was treated with LPS compared to
the control group. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry results of the present study revealed the
protective effect of G. oblongata compared to the induction group. G. oblongata can be used as protective
marine natural products against the toxicity induced by LPS.

Conclusion:
It exhibited a significant ameliorative role against the alterations in the hematological
parameters and immunohistochemistry of the liver and lungs, and reduced as well as coordinated
the acute inflammations caused by TNF.
Assessing the Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Personalized Mobile Phone App in Improving Adherence to Oral Hygiene Advice in Orthodontic Patients: Protocol for a Feasibility Study and a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sharif Mohammad Owaise , Newton Jonathon Timothy , Cunningham Susan J 
Published: January 2021

Background
Orthodontic treatment is a common health care intervention; treatment duration can be lengthy (2-3 years on average), and adherence to treatment advice is therefore essential for successful outcomes. It has been reported that up to 43% of patients fail to complete treatment, and there are currently no useful predictors of noncompletion. Given that the National Health Service England annual expenditure on primary-care orthodontic treatment is in excess of £200 million (US $267 million), noncompletion of treatment represents a significant inefficient use of public resources.

Improving adherence to treatment is therefore essential. This necessitates behavior change, and interventions that improve adherence and are designed to elicit behavioral change must address an individual’s capability, opportunity, and motivation. Mobile phones are potentially an invaluable tool in this regard, as they are readily available and can be used in a number of ways to address an individual’s capability, opportunity, and motivation.

Objective
This study will assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a personalized mobile phone app in improving adherence to orthodontic treatment advice by way of a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
This study will be conducted in 2 phases at the Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust.
Phase 1 is feasibility testing of the My Braces app. Participants will be asked to complete the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The app will be amended following analysis of the responses, if appropriate.
Phase 2 is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness and acceptability of the My Braces app.

Results
This study was approved by the London – Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee on November 5, 2019 (reference 19/LO/1555). No patients have been recruited to date. The anticipated start date for recruitment to phase 1 is October 2020.

Conclusions
Given the availability, affordability, and versatility of mobile phones, it is proposed that they will aid in improving adherence to treatment advice and hence improve treatment completion rates. If effective, the applicability of this methodology to developing behavior change/modification interventions and improving adherence to treatment across health care provides an exciting opportunity.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04184739; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04184739

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/18021
Digital Health Strategies for Cervical Cancer Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review of Current Implementations and Gaps in Research
Authors: Rossman Andrea H , Reid Hadley W , Pieters Michelle M , Mizelle Cecelia , von Isenburg Megan , Ramanujam Nimmi , Huchko Megan J , Vasudevan Lavanya 
Published: January 2021

Background
Nearly 90% of deaths due to cervical cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In recent years, many digital health strategies have been implemented in LMICs to ameliorate patient-, provider-, and health system–level challenges in cervical cancer control. However, there are limited efforts to systematically review the effectiveness and current landscape of digital health strategies for cervical cancer control in LMICs.

Objective
We aim to conduct a systematic review of digital health strategies for cervical cancer control in LMICs to assess their effectiveness, describe the range of strategies used, and summarize challenges in their implementation.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted to identify publications describing digital health strategies for cervical cancer control in LMICs from 5 academic databases and Google Scholar. The review excluded digital strategies associated with improving vaccination coverage against human papillomavirus. Titles and abstracts were screened, and full texts were reviewed for eligibility. A structured data extraction template was used to summarize the information from the included studies. The risk of bias and data reporting guidelines for mobile health were assessed for each study. A meta-analysis of effectiveness was planned along with a narrative review of digital health strategies, implementation challenges, and opportunities for future research.

Results
In the 27 included studies, interventions for cervical cancer control focused on secondary prevention (ie, screening and treatment of precancerous lesions) and digital health strategies to facilitate patient education, digital cervicography, health worker training, and data quality. Most of the included studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer studies in other LMIC settings in Asia or South America. A low risk of bias was found in 2 studies, and a moderate risk of bias was found in 4 studies, while the remaining 21 studies had a high risk of bias. A meta-analysis of effectiveness was not conducted because of insufficient studies with robust study designs and matched outcomes or interventions.

Conclusions
Current evidence on the effectiveness of digital health strategies for cervical cancer control is limited and, in most cases, is associated with a high risk of bias. Further studies are recommended to expand the investigation of digital health strategies for cervical cancer using robust study designs, explore other LMIC settings with a high burden of cervical cancer (eg, South America), and test a greater diversity of digital strategies.
Digital Health Tools for Managing Noncommunicable Diseases During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Patients and Caregivers
Authors: Monaco Alessandro , Palmer Katie , Holm Ravn Faber Nicolaj , Kohler Irene , Silva Mitchell , Vatland Anita , van Griensven Joop , Votta Mariano , Walsh Donna , Clay Vincent , Yazicioglu Mehmet Cuneyt , Ducinskiene Danute , Donde Shaantanu 
Published: January 2021

Background
A reduction in the number of face-to-face medical examinations conducted for patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to health care professionals quickly adopting different strategies to communicate with and monitor their patients. Such strategies include the increased use of digital health tools. However, patient preferences, privacy concerns, a lack of regulations, overregulation, and insufficient evidence on the efficacy of digital health tools may have hampered the potential positive benefits of using such tools to manage NCDs.

Objective
This viewpoint aims to discuss the views of an advisory board of patient and caregiver association members. Specifically, we aim to present this advisory board’s view on the role of digital health tools in managing patients with NCDs during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify future directions based on patients’ perspectives.

Methods
As an initiative under the NCD Partnership (PARTners in Ncds Engage foR building Strategies to improve Healthy ageing In Patients) model of Upjohn, a web-based advisory board of patient and caregiver advocates was held on July 28, 2020, to bring together key stakeholders from public and private sectors.

Results
The following key themes emerged: (1) technology developers should understand that the goals of patients may differ from those of health care professionals and other stakeholders; (2) patients, health care professionals, caregivers, and other end users need to be involved in the development of digital health tools at the earliest phase possible, to guarantee usability, efficacy, and adoption; (3) digital health tools must be better tailored to people with complex conditions, such as multimorbidity, older age, and cognitive or sensory impairment; and (4) some patients do not want or are unable to use digital health care tools, so adequate alternatives should always be available.

Conclusions
There was consensus that public-private partnership models, such as the Upjohn NCD Partnership, can be effective models that foster innovation by integrating multiple perspectives (eg, patients’ perspectives) into the design, development, and implementation of digital and nondigital health tools, with the main overall objective of improving the life of patients with NCDs.
Child Abuse and Nonaccidental Trauma
Authors: Malka S Terez 
Published: January 2021

Child abuse accounts for over 1% of visits to pediatric emergency departments (EDs), and injuries related to abuse have higher morbidity and mortality than accidental injuries. Recognizing child abuse and neglect in the ED is challenging but critical to prevent recurrent episodes of abuse and long-term physical and emotional sequelae. This review defines child abuse and neglect and explores historical and physical examination findings, assessment and diagnosis, treatment, disposition, and outcomes for victims of child abuse. Figures show x-rays demonstrating common fracture patterns associated with abusive injury and an algorithm for evaluation of nonaccidental trauma in the ED. Tables list key historical elements in the evaluation for abuse or neglect, bruising characteristics suggestive of abuse, fractures that are specific for abuse, and recommended laboratory evaluation for suspected abuse.

This review contains 4 figures, 5 tables, and 36 references.
Key words: child abuse, child neglect, nonaccidental trauma, sexual abuse
Neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Gelfand Jeffrey M , Stern Barney 
Published: January 2021

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder of unclear cause characterized by nonnecrotizing (noncaseating) granulomatous inflammation. Neurosarcoidosis—involvement of the nervous system by the granulomatous inflammatory process of sarcoidosis—affects approximately 5 to 15% of people with sarcoidosis and is a major cause of morbidity from the disease. Neurosarcoidosis is often invoked in the differential diagnosis of suspected inflammatory neurologic syndromes. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, genetics, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis of neurosarcoidosis. Figures show magnetic resonance imaging features of neurosarcoidosis. Tables outline a clinical framework for categorizing
neurosarcoidosis and neurologic organ system involvement by sarcoidosis.

This chapter contains 1 highly rendered figure, 2 tables, 124 references, 1 teaching slide set, and 5 MCQs.
Design and Development of AI-Based Tourist Facilitator and Information Agent
Authors: Munawar Adeel , Raza Syed Ali , Qasim Awais 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Due to the rapid increase in the demand for information that supports tourists after, before, and during the trip, many tour systems are available. However, these systems are not able to successfully replace a human facilitator that is expensive to hire. The primary key qualities of a human tourist guide are his/her knowledge, communication skills, and interpretation of destination attractions. Traditional tourist facilitator systems are lacking in these qualities. The main idea of the research is to design an agent to guide tourists, provide them accurate information about visitable places, without having any bound for a specific region and it will have human-like communication skills along with the point of interest knowledge, which depends on its internal knowledge base as well as its online searching techniques.
Experimental simulation of mathematical learning process based on ‘chunk-objective’
Authors: Zhang Yukong , Li Hongwei , Clark John D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Traditional mathematics learning always paid excessive attention to the memorisation and repeated practice of theoretical knowledge and ignored guidance on learning method, resulting in bad learning outcome and insufficient problem-solving ability. Based on the theory of ‘chunks’ and ‘objective’, this paper analyses the mathematics learning process from the perspective of experimental simulation, designs a mathematics learning process based on ‘chunk-objective’, and simulates it. The data show that the learning mode is scientific and effective, which can help students learn better according to cognitive rules, thus forming their knowledge structure and improving their ability to solve problems.
Modeling the Kinematics of Two Robots with Denavit–Hartenberg Notation
Authors: Burghardt Andrzej , Skwarek Wincenty 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents a description and methodology for building a kinematics model for the formation of two-wheeled mobile robots transporting a beam using Denavit–Hartenberg notation. The simple and inverse kinematics tasks of this formation were solved. Solutions of kinematics tasks are presented in junction coordinates and global coordinates. The obtained results were simulated using the Matlab–Simulink package together with animation of the solution using a programmed emulator of robot work.
Nutritional, Antinutritional and Phenolic Properties of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Accessions: Underutilized Legume in Ethiopia
Authors: Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Birhanu Etana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate nutritional compositions, anti- nutritional factors and antioxidant properties of lima bean accessions grown in East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. The lima bean accessions were studied and compared for their nutritional composition, anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant properties. The result showed that lima bean accessions were good source of vital nutrients when compared to the commonly consumed legumes in Ethiopia. Particularly, lima bean accessions “LB8510” rich in crude protein whereas accession “LB85CH2” rich in crude fiber, total ash and iron and can be implemented for breeding, new product development and used as alternative source of nutrient rich to mitigate malnutrition prevalent in Ethiopia. Therefore, increasing its consumption, cultivation and promotion should be encouraged.
Nutritional Properties of Sakada Produced from Blends of Cassava and African Yam Bean Flours
Authors: Ajayi Oluwafemi , Arueya Gibson , Adedeji Olajide , Akinlabi Ajose 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of African yam bean flour (AYF) inclusion on the quality of sakada. Fermented cassava mash (FCM) and AYF were blended at ratios (% w/w) 100:0 (control), 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. Sakada was produced using the blends, and its nutritional and sensory properties were determined. Protein, fat, crude fibre, P, Ca, phytate, and oxalate contents of sakada increased (p < 0.05) with increasing AYF level, while moisture, carbohydrate, and cyanide decreased. The incorporation of 20% AYF in sakada resulted in a significant amount (> 4.0 g/100g protein) of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. Sensory properties of sakada that contained ≤ 20% AYF compared favourably with sakada produced using 100% FCM. This study showed that the nutritional quality of sakada improved following AYF incorporation.
Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Mass Transfer During Deep-Fat Frying of Plantain (Musa paradisiacal AAB) Chips (ipekere)
Authors: Adeyanju James Abiodun , Olajide John Oluranti , Oke Emmanuel Olusola , Adedeji Akinbode Adeyemi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study developed a mathematical model following the fundamental principles of mass transfer for the simulation of the oil and moisture content change during the Deep-Fat Frying of plantain (ipekere) chip. The explicit Finite Difference Technique (FDT) was used to conduct a numerical solution to the consequential governing equation (partial differential equation) that was used to describe the mass transfer rate during the process. Computer codes that were computed in MATLAB were used for the implementation of FDT at diverse frying conditions. Samples of the plantain were cut into portions of 2 mm thickness, and these sliced portions were fried at separate frying oil temperatures (170, 180 and 190°C) between 0.5 and 4 minutes. The experimental data and the predicted outcomes were compared for the validation of the model, and the juxtaposition revealed a plausible agreement. The predicted values and the experimental values of oil and moisture transfer models produced correlation coefficients that range from 0.96 to 0.99 and 0.94 to 0.99, respectively. The predicted outcomes could be utilized for the control and design of the DFF.
Education and Learning in Sustainable Development: Foregrounding an Emergent Discourse
Authors: Manteaw Bob Offei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The framing of education and learning in sustainable development has evolved out of global environment and development discussions to shape how knowledge, learning and action are applied in efforts to address complex socio-ecological and sustainability challenges of the times. Such framings have over time contributed not only to the establishment of the importance of education and learning in issues of environment and development – sustainable development – but also to the definition of what forms education and learning should take. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has since emerged from such framings in international discussions to pave the way for the formal recognition of the role of education and learning in the global quest for sustainable development. While the ESD discourse has since evolved to become a pragmatic educational ideology and tradition; while many countries and institutions have embraced its ideals in practice, not a lot of attention has been given to the seemingly instrumentalization of education in the ESD discourse. This work foregrounds ESD as an emergent discourse to critically explore how education has been framed in the discourse. Through Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, the paper examines the coarseness of words used in creating the ESD discourse across time by paying close attention to texts – specific language use – in key discourse moments to understand how linguistic choices, power, and institutional structures have helped to create a role for education in sustainable development and how that has facilitated the formation of the ESD discourse.