bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of chilling at the booting and flowering stages on rice phenology and yield: A case study in Northeast China
Authors: Shi Yanying , Guo Erjing , Wang Lizhi , Li Tao , Jiang Shukun , Xiang Hongtao , Zhang Tianyi , Cheng Xue , Zhu Xi , Zhou Litao , Ma Haoyu , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate change has resulted in a continuous increase in the frequency and intensity of chilling events in cold regions. In Northeast China, chilling at the booting and flowering stages negatively affects japonica rice grain yield. In this field experiment study, we conducted a 2‐year temperature‐controlled experiment to investigate the effects of chilling temperature and duration applied at the booting and flowering stages on japonica rice. The results showed that chilling at the two study stages delayed the rice phenology and decreased the grain yield. In particular, japonica rice was more sensitive to chilling at the booting stage than at the flowering stage. The rice grain yield was reduced by more as the chilling temperature decreased and the chilling duration increased. As for the yield components, the spikelet fertility and grain number per spike were more sensitive to chilling at the booting stage than at the flowering stage. Variations in the grain yield per plant were primarily contributed by the differences in spikelet fertility and grain number per spike, especially the spikelet fertility. In addition, cooling degree days showed statistically significant negative correlations with grain yield per plant, grain number per spike and spikelet fertility. For every 10°C·day increase in CDD at the booting (flowering) stage, the grain yield per plant, spikelet fertility and grain number per spike decreased by 7.1%, 6.2% and 3.4% (3.9%, 5.0% and 1.2%) respectively. As the spikelet fertility and grain number per spike decreased, the sink capacity decreased as well with the increasing of allocated assimilation to the stem and leaf while decreasing the assimilation allocated to the panicle. Increasing cooling degree days at the booting and flowering stages increased the allocations of assimilation to the stem and leaf. As a result, less assimilation was allocated to the panicle. This study suggests that breeding cultivars to improve the spikelet fertility and grain number per spike could help to minimize the potential rice grain yield loss due to the increase in chilling events occurring at the booting and flowering stages.
Utilizing social media in a supply chain B2B setting: A knowledge perspective
Authors: Agnihotri Raj , Kalra Ashish , Chen Haozhe , Daugherty Patricia J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile social media has become an integral part of modern‐day life, it is a largely overlooked topic in supply chain business‐to‐business setting. This study utilizes dyadic survey data collected from both supplier account managers and their customers to explore social media's impacts in the digitalized supply chain context. Drawing upon the knowledge‐based view of the firm, the study proposes and tests a conceptual model. Results indicate that supplier account manager's social media use can increase his or her product and competitor knowledge, which can positively influence customer outcome. Further, the moderation test suggests that when perceived customer demandingness is high, the relationship between social media use and knowledge will be stronger. This study draws much‐needed attention to social media as an emerging digital supply chain management too.
Finite element analysis of blueberry stack damage
Authors: Zheng Zhaoqi , Chen Jinghui , Tian Wei , Zhang Chao , An Zimin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBlueberries are prone to mechanical damage during the processes of grading, packaging, transportation, and selling, and stack damage is one of the important causes of blueberry quality loss. The mechanical parameters of blueberry should be obtained firstly to create the mechanical model for analyzing the stack problems of multilayer blueberries. Precise mechanical parameters were obtained for the first time by performing a compression experiment and analyzing an explicit dynamics simulation based on the finite element model. It was found that the elastic modulus of the blueberries was 0.225 MPa and that the Poisson's ratio of the blueberries was 0.35. The placement direction of the blueberries had the greatest impact on the rupture force, followed by the number of stacked layers and the loading speed. A regression model was also obtained by considering the influences of the three factors on the rupture force. The rupture force in this research ranged from 3.15 to 7.04 N. The calyx and bottom were the most vulnerable parts of the blueberries. The upper contact part of multilayer blueberries had a greater chance of damage, and the lower contact part was the opposite because the blueberries close to the bottom layer exerted a buffering effect. Moreover, this research demonstrates the importance of applying linear explicit dynamics simulation techniques to agricultural and food products.Practical ApplicationsThe main reason for the decreasing market value and quality of blueberries is damage occurring between the point of harvesting and consumption. The damage caused by stack is one of the important factors in this process. This article accurately determined the mechanical parameters of blueberries. On this basis, the important factors that cause blueberry stack damage were further studied. Taking the rupture force as a measure, empirical models for rupture susceptibility were described. This article not only provides ideas for how to reduce blueberry stack damage and to extend blueberry shelf life but also provides a theoretical basis for research on the mechanical structure and mechanized processing of blueberries.
Driving cooperative actions: A multimethod study of the temporal duration of unilateral commitments
Authors: Paraskevas John‐Patrick , Eckerd Stephanie , Grimm Curtis M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious research demonstrates numerous benefits of mutual commitments between parties. However, less is understood about the effect of unilateral commitments, when one party (the committer) makes a relationship‐specific investment without an established current or forthcoming reciprocal commitment by the other party (the recipient). This problem is particularly relevant in the supply chain management domain, where organizations often make investments in their supply chain partners, and frequently assume great risks in doing so. To help organizations understand how they can initiate unilateral commitments to their benefit, we develop theory regarding the outcomes of unilateral commitments based on their temporal duration. We evaluate our hypothesis using data collected from three distinct studies, each using different methodologies and samples: a laboratory experiment of graduate students, a vignette experiment of operations management practitioners, and a secondary data analysis of baseball contracts. We find compelling support that unilateral commitments of shorter duration successfully drive recipient cooperative behavior; however, a significant decrease in recipient cooperation results from longer term unilateral commitments. Our research contributes broadly to the literature on unilateral commitments, and in particular its manifestation within supply chain management, where this research stands to make substantial impact due to the prevalence of unilateral commitments.
Towards a unified framework to study causality in Earth–life systems
Authors: Dolby Greer A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is considerable interest in better understanding how earth processes shape the generation and distribution of life on Earth. This question, at its heart, is one of causation. In this article I propose that at a regional level, earth processes can be thought of as behaving somewhat deterministically and may have an organized effect on the diversification and distribution of species. However, the study of how landscape features shape biology is challenged by pseudocongruent or collinear variables. I demonstrate that causal structures can be used to depict the cause–effect relationships between earth processes and biological patterns using recent examples from the literature about speciation and species richness in montane settings. This application shows that causal diagrams can be used to better decipher the details of causal relationships by motivating new hypotheses. Additionally, the abstraction of this knowledge into structural equation metamodels can be used to formulate theory about relationships within Earth–life systems more broadly. Causal structures are a natural point of collaboration between biologists and Earth scientists, and their use can mitigate against the risk of misassigning causality within studies. My goal is that by applying causal theory through application of causal structures, we can build a systems‐level understanding of what landscape features or earth processes most shape the distribution and diversification of species, what types of organisms are most affected, and why.
Site fidelity, spatial use, and behavior of dwarf sperm whales in Hawaiian waters: using small‐boat surveys, photo‐identification, and unmanned aerial systems to study a difficult‐to‐study species
Authors: Baird Robin W. , Mahaffy Sabre D. , Lerma Jordan K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima) have been studied rarely at sea. We used photo‐identification, boat‐ and drone‐based behavioral observations, and citizen science photo contributions to examine site fidelity, spatial use, and behavior in Hawaiʻi. Sighting rates were highest in island slope (500–1,000 m) waters. Over 40% of photo‐identified individuals were linked by association in the same social network. More than half of the very distinctive individuals were seen more than once, and 28.5% were seen in multiple years, with one individual seen 14 times over a 15‐year span. Resighted individuals and those in the main cluster of the social network were found in significantly shallower water than individuals that were not resighted or that were in isolated clusters. Distances between resighting locations suggest small home ranges. This suggests an insular slope‐dwelling population that overlaps with an offshore population. Evidence of unsuccessful predatory attempts by large sharks was recorded on four individuals, and linear wounds consistent with interactions with line fisheries were documented on three individuals. Surface and subsurface behavior recorded by drone revealed vigilance behavior likely to minimize predation risk. Lessons learned from this study can be applied elsewhere to increase knowledge of this poorly known and difficult‐to‐study species.
A novel robust and high‐throughput method to measure cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by fluorescence imaging
Authors: Xi Yuxuan , Chochois Vincent , Kroj Thomas , Cesari Stella 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAssessing immune responses and cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf agro‐infiltration assays is a powerful and widely used experimental approach in molecular plant pathology. Here, we describe a reliable high‐throughput protocol to quantify strong, macroscopically visible cell death responses in N. benthamiana agro‐infiltration assays. The method relies on measuring the reduction of leaf autofluorescence in the red spectrum upon cell death induction and provides quantitative data suitable for straightforward statistical analysis. Two different well‐established model nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat domain proteins (NLRs) were used to ensure the genericity of the approach. Its accuracy and versatility were compared to visual scoring of the cell death response and standard methods commonly used to characterize NLR activities in N. benthamiana. A discussion of the advantages and limitations of our method compared to other protocols demonstrates its robustness and versatility and provides an effective means to select the best‐suited protocol for a defined experiment.
The essential role of nurses in supporting physical examination in telemedicine: Insights from an interaction analysis of postsurgical consultations in orthopedics
Authors: Cherba Maria , Grosjean Sylvie , Bonneville Luc , Nahon‐Serfaty Isaac , Boileau Judith , Waldolf Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTelemedicine changes clinical practice and introduces new ways of distributing tasks between physicians and nurses, and particularly the delegation of sensory assessments during remote physical examinations. As nurses become more involved in patient assessment and clinical decision‐making, the quality of physician–nurse collaboration has been recognized as essential to ensure quality patient care. However, few studies have examined physician–nurse interactions during teleconsultations. This article presents the results of an empirical study of nurse–physician communication during remote physical examinations. In partnership with a university‐affiliated hospital in Ontario, Canada, we observed and recorded 10 simulated postsurgical consultations in orthopedics (involving a physician, a patient, and an on‐site nurse) and conducted auto‐confrontation interviews with physicians. The results of the thematic analysis of the interviews informed the selection of consultation sequences for in‐depth interaction analysis. The findings demonstrate the nurse's essential role during remote physical examinations and reveal specific practices accomplished by the nurse to ensure successful nurse–physician collaboration. The interview data shows how physicians view the nurse's role and contributions. The findings contribute to our understanding of the collaborative nature of sensory assessments during remote physical examinations in telemedicine and can inform the development of training programs for professionals focusing on communication skills. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Egg and math: introducing a universal formula for egg shape
Authors: Narushin Valeriy G. , Romanov Michael N. , Griffin Darren K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe egg, as
one of the most traditional food products, has long attracted the attention of mathematicians, engineers, and biologists from an analytical point of view. As a main parameter in oomorphology, the shape of a bird's egg has, to date, escaped a universally applicable mathematical formulation. Analysis of all egg shapes can be done using four geometric figures: sphere, ellipsoid, ovoid, and pyriform (conical or pear‐shaped). The first three have a clear mathematical definition, each derived from the expression of the previous, but a formula for the pyriform profile has yet to be derived. To rectify this, we introduce an additional function into the ovoid formula. The subsequent mathematical model fits a completely novel geometric shape that can be characterized as the last stage in the evolution of the sphere—ellipsoid—Hügelschäffer's ovoid transformation, and it is applicable to any egg geometry. The required measurements are the egg length, maximum breadth, and diameter at the terminus from the pointed end. This mathematical analysis and description represents the sought‐for universal formula and is a significant step in understanding not only the egg shape itself, but also how and why it evolved, thus making widespread biological and technological applications theoretically possible.
Space use by semi‐free‐ranging cows on wetlands and its implication as a conservation management tool
Authors: Mirski Paweł 
Published: August 2021

Wetlands are often exposed to reed and shrub expansion that dominate their heterogeneous landscape and threaten species inhabiting open wetlands. The alternative to heavy‐machine mowing is grazing, which should be carried out without fencing in high‐value protected areas. To evaluate the effectiveness of semi‐free‐ranging cattle in sustaining and restoring the open landscape of heterogeneous wetlands in Biebrza National Park, a herd of semi‐free‐ranging dairy cows was followed with a GPS tag. Cows freely grazed for 10.7 hours, on average, during the day and were taken to a cowshed at night. Each day the herd moved 10.2 km, on average (up to 23.5 km), but usually stayed in the radius of 3.5 km (up to 4.7 km) from the cowshed. The core foraging range (50% kernel) reached 46 ha (stock density reached 0.63 cow/ha), but the total foraging range (95% kernel) was a few times larger—208 ha (0.14 cow/ha). The cows used all available habitats (fen grasslands, hillocks, trees, and shrubs), but avoided reed in the late summer and autumn as well as afforested sites in spring. On the whole, reed expansion was suppressed in the cows' foraging range, while it still continued to increase on the outskirts of the study area, where cows did not regularly graze. It can be concluded that semi‐free‐ranging cattle can be used to effectively impede reed succession within a large wetland area.
Comparison of standard versus low‐dose valganciclovir regimens for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in high‐risk liver transplant recipients
Authors: Bixby Alexandra L. , Fitzgerald Linda , Park Jeong M. , Kaul Daniel , Tischer Sarah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of two valganciclovir (VGCV) institutional dosing protocols for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in liver transplant (LT) recipients with CMV serotype donor +/recipient‐ (D+/R−).MethodsThis was a single‐center review of CMV D+/R− adult LT recipients who received VGCV 450 mg/day for 90 days (low‐dose) or VGCV 900 mg/day for 180 days (standard‐dose). The primary outcome was incidence of CMV disease at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included rates of CMV syndrome, end‐organ disease, breakthrough infection, and resistance. Neutropenia, early discontinuation of VGCV, growth colony stimulating factors use (G‐CSF), biopsy‐proven rejection (BPAR), graft loss, and death at 1 year were analyzed.ResultsNinety‐six CMV D+/R− LT recipients were included. Although no difference in CMV disease was observed (low‐dose 26% vs. standard‐dose 23%, p = 0.71), 75% of CMV infections in the low‐dose group presented with end‐organ disease. Ganciclovir (GCV) resistance was observed only in the low‐dose group (n = 2). Significantly more patients in the standard‐dose group developed neutropenia (low‐dose 10% vs 60% standard‐dose, p < 0.001). In the standard‐dose group, 29% required early discontinuation of VGCV (vs. 5% in the low‐dose group, p < 0.001), and 20% were treated with G‐CSF. Both cohorts had similar rates of BPAR, graft loss, and death at 1 year.ConclusionsVGCV 900 mg/day for 180 days had higher rates of hematologic adverse effects resulting in frequent treatment interruptions. However, the occurrence of two cases of GCV‐resistant CMV disease raises concerns about routinely using low‐dose VGCV prophylaxis.
Nonsurgical reduction of prolapsed colocolic intussusception in 2 puppies
Authors: Moores Alison L. , Urraca Carolina I. , de Sousa Ricardo J. R. , Jenkins Georgia , Anderson Davina M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the nonsurgical management of prolapsed colocolic intussusception in 2 puppies.Case SummaryTwo 3‐month‐old male intact puppies (Pug and Labrador Retriever) developed intussusceptions that had prolapsed from the anus after they had suffered from tenesmus with soft feces or diarrhea. Reduction of the prolapsed tissue was performed and colocolic intussusception was diagnosed ultrasonographically in 1 dog. Rectal manipulation and saline enema were performed in both dogs, and reduction of the intussusception was confirmed endoscopically or ultrasonographically. Bupivacaine and prednisolone foam enemas were administered to reduce tenesmus. Abdominal ultrasonography the following day in 1 dog confirmed a normal appearing colon. No further tenesmus was noted in 1 dog; the other had a brief rectal prolapse after an episode of tenesmus that was manually reduced. Intussusception had not recurred 4 months and 1 year following manual reduction procedures.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first report of successful nonsurgical management of colocolic intussusception in a companion animal. Nonsurgical management is a first‐line treatment of intussusception in children and could be considered in dogs with colocolic intussusception. Further investigation is required to define specific aspects, including rectal manipulation, saline enema, or anesthesia, that aid in resolution of this type of intussusception.
Prevalence of iron deficiency and red blood cell transfusions in surgical patients
Authors: Tonino Rik Paulus Bernardus , Wilson Michael , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Schipperus Martin Roelof 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhile iron deficiency (ID) is the most common cause of anaemia, little is known about the prevalence and type of ID in preoperative surgical patients. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and types of ID in a large cohort of surgical patients, and how these are related to perioperative blood use after correction for confounders such as haemoglobin level.Materials and MethodsData were retrospectively extracted from electronic case records of all patients who underwent elective surgery between September 2016 and November 2017 (n = 2711). Iron parameters, haemoglobin and details of perioperative red cell transfusions were collected.ResultsOf 2711 patients, 618 (22.8%) were iron deficient (= transferrin saturation [TSAT] < 16%) preoperatively, 173 (6.4% of the cohort) had an absolute iron deficiency (AID; TSAT < 16% and ferritin < 30 μg/L) and 445 (16.4%) had functional/mixed ID (TSAT < 16% and ferritin ≥ 30 μg/L). Corrected for Hb level, iron‐deficient patients received significantly more red cell units than patients without ID (p = 0.026). AID was not associated with a significantly higher incidence of transfusions (7.5% of patients transfused; p = 0.12 after correction for Hb) than patients without ID, whereas patients with functional/mixed deficiency did receive significantly more transfusions (6.1%; p = 0.021) as compared to patients without ID (1.7%).ConclusionPreoperative ID, in particular the functional/mixed type, was associated with a higher risk of receiving perioperative red cell transfusions as compared to patients without ID. Adequately treating ID might, therefore, reduce the need for perioperative red cell transfusions.