bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning model for the topological design of 2D periodic wave barriers
Authors: Liu Chen‐Xu , Yu Gui‐Lan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study presents a new deep learning (DL) model to design topological configurations of periodic wave barriers to meet different target frequencies and site conditions. The new DL model is composed of an auto‐encoder (AE) and a conditional variational AE, and 230,000 sets of data are generated for training, validating, and testing it. The designed results are in good agreement with the targets, and it only takes a few seconds to complete a design. Two barriers are designed by the proposed method for two practical examples, and the vibrations in peak frequency ranges are attenuated. The DL model makes the design of periodic wave barriers smarter and more efficient.
Burkholderia multivorans requires species‐specific GltJK for entry of a contact‐dependent growth inhibition system protein
Authors: Myers‐Morales Tanya , Sim Martha M. S. , DuCote Tanner J. , Garcia Erin C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterbacterial antagonism and communication are driving forces behind microbial community development. In many Gram‐negative bacteria, contact‐dependent growth inhibition (CDI) systems contribute to these microbial interactions. CDI systems deliver the toxic C‐terminus of a large surface exposed protein to the cytoplasm of neighboring bacteria upon cell−contact. Termed the BcpA‐CT, import of this toxic effector domain is mediated by specific, yet largely unknown receptors on the recipient cell outer and inner membranes. In this study, we demonstrated that cytoplasmic membrane proteins GltJK, components of a predicted ABC‐type transporter, are required for entry of CDI system protein BcpA‐2 into Burkholderia multivorans recipient cells. Consistent with current CDI models, gltJK were also required for recipient cell susceptibility to a distinct BcpA‐CT that shared sequences within the predicted “translocation domain” of BcpA‐2. Strikingly, this translocation domain showed low sequence identity to the analogous region of an Escherichia coli GltJK‐utilizing CDI system protein. Our results demonstrated that recipient bacteria expressing E. coli gltJK were resistant to BcpA‐2‐mediated interbacterial antagonism, suggesting that BcpA‐2 specifically recognizes Burkholderia GltJK. Using a series of chimeric proteins, the specificity determinant was mapped to Burkholderia‐specific sequences at the GltK C‐terminus, providing insight into BcpA transport across the recipient cell cytoplasmic membrane.
Kangaroo position during neonatal ground ambulance transport: Parents' experiences
Authors: Lundqvist Pia , Jakobsson Ulf , Terp Karina , van den Berg Johannes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundKangaroo mother care including skin‐to‐skin care aims to overcome the negative effects of separating parents and infants and to increase the quality of care for infants and parents in need of neonatal care. In most cases where inter‐hospital transport is needed, the infant is placed in a transport incubator, which increases the risk of separation due to ambulance service restrictions that imply that parents are not allowed to accompany these transport trips.AimTo illuminate parents' experiences of holding their infant in a kangaroo position during neonatal ground ambulance transport.Study designA qualitative design with an inductive approach.MethodsA total of 11 open interviews with Swedish parents were conducted two to seven days after their infant had been transferred in a kangaroo position between hospitals. The transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe emerged overarching category was “an uninterrupted closeness chain.” The parents experienced that holding their infant during the transport extended the time they were close to their infant. Using the kangaroo position during ground ambulance transport also created a feeling of being important as a parent, as their participation during transport was appreciated. Parents' experiences were allocated into three categories: “Strengthen the feeling of being important as a parent,” “promote security and create a positive environment for the baby” and “the professionals' attitude promotes security.”Conclusion and relevance for clinical practiceThis knowledge about parents' experiences is important in the continued work to develop interventions that focus on promoting zero separation in neonatal care. Using kangaroo position in a safety harness during ambulance transport enhances zero separation and closeness. To encourage the implementation of kangaroo position during ambulance transport, further research is needed to address parents' experiences of zero separation during transport of infants to a higher level of care.
The gut brain in a dish: Murine primary enteric nervous system cell cultures
Authors: Schonkeren Simone L. , Küthe Tara T. , Idris Musa , Bon‐Frauches Ana C. , Boesmans Werend , Melotte Veerle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive neural network embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates digestive function and gastrointestinal homeostasis. The ENS consists of two main cell types; enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. In vitro techniques allow simplified investigation of ENS function, and different culture methods have been developed over the years helping to understand the role of ENS cells in health and disease.PurposeThis review focuses on summarizing and comparing available culture protocols for the generation of primary ENS cells from adult mice, including dissection of intestinal segments, enzymatic digestions, surface coatings, and culture media. In addition, the potential of human ENS cultures is also discussed.
Ecologically driven selection of nonstructural carbohydrate storage in oak trees
Authors: Furze Morgan E. , Wainwright Dylan K. , Huggett Brett A. , Knipfer Thorsten , McElrone Andrew J. , Brodersen Craig R. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Leaf habit is a major axis of plant diversity that has consequences for carbon balance since the leaf is the primary site of photosynthesis. Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) produced by photosynthesis can be allocated to storage and serve as a resiliency mechanism to future abiotic and biotic stress. However, how leaf habit affects NSC storage in an evolutionary context has not been shown.

Using a comparative physiological framework and an analysis of evolutionary model fitting, we examined if variation in NSC storage is explained by leaf habit. We measured sugar and starch concentrations in 51 oak species (Quercus spp.) growing in a common garden and representing multiple evolutions of three different leaf habits (deciduous, brevideciduous and evergreen).

The best fitting evolutionary models indicated that deciduous oak species are evolving towards higher NSC concentrations than their brevideciduous and evergreen relatives. Notably, this was observed for starch (the primary storage molecule) in the stem (a long‐term C storage organ).

Overall, our work provides insight into the evolutionary drivers of NSC storage and suggests that a deciduous strategy may confer an advantage against stress associated with a changing world. Future work should examine additional clades to further corroborate this idea.
Urban and rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption among 6–9‐year‐old children from 19 countries from the WHO European region
Authors: Heinen Mirjam M. , Bel‐Serrat Silvia , Kelleher Cecily C. , Buoncristiano Marta , Spinelli Angela , Nardone Paola , Milanović Sanja Musić , Rito Ana Isabel , Bosi A. Tülay Bağci , Gutiérrrez‐González Enrique , Pudule Iveta , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya , Brinduse Lacramioara Aurelia , Cucu Alexandra , Duleva Vesselka , Fijałkowska Anna , Gualtieri Andrea , Hejgaard Tatjana , Hyska Jolanda , Kujundžić Enisa , Petrauskiene Ausra , Sacchini Elena , Shengelia Lela , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Usupova Zhamilya , Bergh Ingunn Holden , Weghuber Daniel , Taxová Braunerová Radka , Kunešová Marie , Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia , Nurk Eha , Ostojic Sergej M. , Spiroski Igor , Tichá Ľubica , Rutter Harry , Williams Julianne , Boymatova Khadichamo , Rakovac Ivo , Weber Martin W. , Breda João 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn order to address the paucity of evidence on the association between childhood eating habits and urbanization, this cross‐sectional study describes urban–rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption in 123,100 children aged 6–9 years from 19 countries participating in the fourth round (2015–2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children's parents/caregivers completed food‐frequency questionnaires. A multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed and revealed wide variability among countries and within macroregions for all indicators. The percentage of children attending rural schools ranged from 3% in Turkey to 70% in Turkmenistan. The prevalence of less healthy eating habits was high, with between 30–80% and 30–90% children not eating fruit or vegetables daily, respectively, and up to 45% consuming soft drinks on >3 days a week. For less than one third of the countries, children attending rural schools had higher odds (OR‐range: 1.1–2.1) for not eating fruit or vegetables daily or consuming soft drinks >3 days a week compared to children attending urban schools. For the remainder of the countries no significant associations were observed. Both population‐based interventions and policy strategies are necessary to improve access to healthy foods and increase healthy eating behaviors among children.
Socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep patterns among 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children from 24 countries in the WHO European region
Authors: Musić Milanović Sanja , Buoncristiano Marta , Križan Helena , Rathmes Giulia , Williams Julianne , Hyska Jolanda , Duleva Vesselka , Zamrazilová Hana , Hejgaard Tatjana , Jørgensen Maja Bæksgaard , Salanave Benoît , Shengelia Lela , Kelleher Cecily C. , Spinelli Angela , Nardone Paola , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Usupova Zhamilya , Pudule Iveta , Petrauskiene Ausra , Farrugia Sant'Angelo Victoria , Kujundžić Enisa , Fijałkowska Anna , Rito Ana Isabel , Cucu Alexandra , Brinduse Lacramioara Aurelia , Peterkova Valentina , Gualtieri Andrea , García‐Solano Marta , Gutiérrez‐González Enrique , Boymatova Khadichamo , Yardim Mahmut S. , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Melkumova Marina , Weghuber Daniel , Nurk Eha , Mäki Päivi , Bergh Ingunn Holden , Ostojic Sergej M. , Russell Jonsson Kenisha , Spiroski Igor , Rutter Harry , Ahrens Wolfgang , Rakovac Ivo , Whiting Stephen , Breda João 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPhysical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are important predictors of children's health. This paper aimed to investigate socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep across the WHO European region. This cross‐sectional study used data on 124,700 children aged 6 to 9 years from 24 countries participating in the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative between 2015 and 2017. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured through parental education, parental employment status, and family perceived wealth. Overall, results showed different patterns in socioeconomic disparities in children's movement behaviors across countries. In general, high SES children were more likely to use motorized transportation. Low SES children were less likely to participate in sports clubs and more likely to have more than 2 h/day of screen time. Children with low parental education had a 2.24 [95% CI 1.94–2.58] times higher risk of practising sports for less than 2 h/week. In the pooled analysis, SES was not significantly related to active play. The relationship between SES and sleep varied by the SES indicator used. Importantly, results showed that low SES is not always associated with a higher prevalence of “less healthy” behaviors. There is a great diversity in SES patterns across countries which supports the need for country‐specific, targeted public health interventions.
Structural changes in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyle of growing patients with sagittal jaw discrepancy treated with the twin‐block appliance
Authors: Akan Burçin , Ünlü Kurşun Begüm 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the structural changes in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyles in patients treated with the Twin‐block functional orthopaedic appliance that act by promoting condylar growth and to compare the fractal dimension (FD) of condylar trabecular bone structure prior to treatment (T0) and after orthopaedic functional treatment (T1).Setting and sample population: This retrospective study included panoramic images of 112 individuals with a mean age of 11.04 ± 1.30 years in the study group (32 girls and 24 boys) and 11.6 ± .80 years in the control group (29 girls and 27 boys).Materials and MethodsThe standardized region of interest was selected as the right and left condylar areas close to the articulation surfaces from the twin‐block (TB) group, which included patients who completed functional orthopaedic treatment and the control group, which included untreated individuals. FD values in the condylar region were analysed from the panoramic radiographs of both groups using a box‐counting method with ImageJ software (version 1.52a, US National Institutes of Health).ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the FD values of the right (−.038) and left (−.022) condylar region at T0 and T1 in the TB group. Between‐group FD comparisons demonstrated that the TB group showed changes in the condylar region (right, P = .004; left, P = .022) compared to the control group.ConclusionFunctional orthopaedic forces caused a decrease in the trabecular structure of the condylar area examined.
Transvenous lead extraction: The influence of age on patient outcomes in the PROMET study cohort
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Elbatran Ahmed I. , Starck Christoph T. , Gonzalez Elkin , Al‐Razzo Omar , Mazzone Patrizio , Delnoy Peter‐Paul , Breitenstein Alexander , Steffel Jan , Eulert‐Grehn Jürgen , Lanmüller Pia , Melillo Francesco , Marzi Alessandra , Leung Lisa W.M. , Domenichini Giulia , Sohal Manav , Gallagher Mark M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy contributes to an improvement in morbidity and mortality across all patient demographics. Patient age is a recognized risk factor for unfavorable outcomes in invasive procedures. This is the largest series of non‐laser transvenous lead extraction (TLE) evaluating the association between patient age and procedure outcomes.MethodsData of 2205 (3849 leads) patients was collected retrospectively from six European TLE centers between January 2005–December 2018 in the PROMET study. Of these, 153 patients with 319 leads were excluded for incomplete data. A comparison of outcomes was performed between the age groups young [< 50 years], young intermediate [50–69 years], older intermediate [70–79 years], and octogenarian [≥80 years].ResultsInfection was most common indication for TLE in the octogenarian cohort, less common in the younger population (60.1% vs. 33.2%, respectively, p < .01). High‐voltage leads were extracted most frequently from young patients, less frequently from octogenarians (31.6% vs. 10%, p < .001), while the opposite was evident for pacemaker leads (p < .001). Rotational sheath use was equally prevalent across all patient groups (p = .79). Minor and major complications across all the age groups were statistically similar, as was procedural success; the 30‐day mortality was most significant in the octogenarian and least in the young patients (4.9% vs. 0.4%, p = .005). Propensity matching multivariate analysis found systemic infection, lead dwell time, and patient age (p = .013, OR 1.064 [1.013–1.116]) increased risk of 30‐day mortality.ConclusionTLE is safe and effective across all age groups. 30‐day mortality risk is significantly higher in the older patients.
Sudden out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in pediatric patients in Kyushu area in Japan
Authors: Yoshinaga Masao , Ishikawa Shiro , Otsubo Yoshikazu , Shida Masanori , Hoshiko Kiyomi , Yatsunami Koichi , Kanaya Yoshiaki , Takagi Junichi , Takamura Kazushi , Ganaha Hitoshi , Sunagawa Makoto , Soeda Osamu , Ogawa Yumi , Ogata Hiromitsu , Kashima Naoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is well‐known that a neurologically favorable outcome of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with the presence of bystander‐initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (bystander CPR) and use of an automated external defibrillator. However, little is known about the effect of the presence of pre‐existing conditions, prior activity, and locations on the outcome of pediatric OHCA.MethodsWe analyzed the data from questionnaires about pediatric patients with OHCA aged from 3 days to 19 years in the Kyushu area in Japan between 2012 and 2016.ResultsA total of 594 OHCA cases were collected. The numbers of OHCA cases and the rate of 1 month survival with a favorable neurological outcome during sleeping, swimming / bathing, and exercise were 192 (1.0%), 83 (32.5%), and 44 (65.9%), respectively. When an OHCA occurred at school (n = 56), 88% of children / adolescents received bystander CPR, but when it occurred at home (n = 390), 15% received bystander CPR. Cardiovascular (n = 61), suicide (n = 61), and neurological / neuromuscular (n = 44) diseases were three major pre‐existing conditions. The OHCA of cardiovascular disease was associated with exercise (24/61) and mainly occurred at school (22/61). The OHCA of neurological / neuromuscular disease was associated with swimming/bathing (15/44) and mainly occurred during bathing at home (12/44). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the presence of bystander CPR (P < 0.001) and occurrence of OHCA at school (P < 0.001) were independently predictive of a favorable outcome in pediatric OHCA.ConclusionThe outcome was different among pre‐existing conditions, prior activity, and location of OHCA. These findings might be useful for preventing OHCA and improving the outcome of pediatric OHCA.
Detection of virulence to septoria tritici blotch (STB) resistance conferred by the winter wheat cultivar Cougar in the Irish Zymoseptoria tritici population and potential implications for STB control
Authors: Kildea Steven , Sheppard Liam , Cucak Mladen , Hutton Fiona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeptoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici continues to be the most economically destructive disease of winter wheat throughout Ireland. Due to the widespread development of fungicide resistance in the Irish Z. tritici population, integrated strategies to control STB are increasingly necessary. A key component of such strategies will be the deployment of winter wheat cultivars with improved levels of STB resistance. Unfortunately, due to the nature of Z. tritici, such resistances are at risk of being overcome by the pathogen. In late summer 2020, foci of STB were observed across a range of winter wheat cultivars under evaluation for recommendation in Ireland. Common amongst these was the cultivar Cougar in each of their pedigree. To determine if the foci observed in 2020 resulted from strains virulent to Cougar, isolate collections were established and virulence screens conducted on Cougar and a range of the cultivars currently under evaluation. These confirmed the presence of Cougar‐virulent strains in the Irish Z. tritici population, and that this virulence affects not just Cougar, but also cultivars derived from it. Although the foci observed in 2020 were in both fungicide‐untreated and ‐treated plots, there was no evidence that these strains are more sensitive or resistant to fungicides compared to the wider Irish Z. tritici population, with moderate resistance to the SDHIs and azoles dominating. Combined, the present study confirms the need to ensure a diversity of control measures for STB, including ensuring a range of STB resistances are used.
Clustering Longitudinal Life-Course Sequences using Mixtures of Exponential-Distance Models
Authors: Murphy Keefe , Murphy T. Brendan , Piccarreta Raffaella , Gormley I. Claire 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSequence analysis is an increasingly popular approach for analysing life courses represented by ordered collections of activities experienced by subjects over time. Here, we analyse a survey data set containing information on the career trajectories of a cohort of Northern Irish youths tracked between the ages of 16 and 22. We propose a novel, model-based clustering approach suited to the analysis of such data from a holistic perspective, with the aims of estimating the number of typical career trajectories, identifying the relevant features of these patterns, and assessing the extent to which such patterns are shaped by background characteristics. Several criteria exist for measuring pairwise dissimilarities among categorical sequences. Typically, dissimilarity matrices are employed as input to heuristic clustering algorithms. The family of methods we develop instead clusters sequences directly using mixtures of exponential-distance models. Basing the models on weighted variants of the Hamming distance metric permits closed-form expressions for parameter estimation. Simultaneously allowing the component membership probabilities to depend on fixed covariates and accommodating sampling weights in the clustering process yields new insights on the Northern Irish data. In particular, we find that school examination performance is the single most important predictor of cluster membership.
Incorporating digital platforms into nutritional care in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dawson Jessica , Lambert Kelly , Campbell Katrina L. , Kelly Jaimon T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDigital health is increasingly recognized for its value to enhance patient care and clinical care processes. People with chronic kidney disease often find dietary self‐management challenging. There is promising evidence that digital health interventions can support people with chronic kidney disease to self‐manage their diet, by providing more frequent access to nutritional information and dietitians and by facilitating regular monitoring and feedback. There is some emerging evidence of the impact of digital interventions in chronic kidney disease; however, more research is needed to provide meaningful interpretation of how digital interventions can enhance current practice. Importantly, a number of factors need to be considered when designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating the impact of digital interventions. Consideration of the nutrition service and patients' needs, motivation and digital literacy, type of digital intervention, and the ability to embed the digital intervention into current care processes are critical. This paper overviews the current literature on digital health and self‐management, factors to consider when embedding digital interventions and platforms into nutrition care and practical considerations for designing and implementing digital health interventions to enhance the nutritional care of people with chronic kidney disease.