bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil Diffusion in Fat Crystal Matrices: Characterization by NMR Relaxometry and Diffusometry
Authors: Nelis Veronique , De Neve Lorenz , Danthine Sabine , Dewettinck Koen , Martins José C. , Van der Meeren Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel technique based on high resolution (HR)‐NMR diffusometry is presented to investigate oil diffusion on the (sub)‐micron scale level in fat crystal networks in situ and in a non‐destructive way. The use of a high‐gradient probe enables the observation of the time (Δ)‐dependent diffusion behavior in fat blends (FBs) of different solid fat content (SFC), as obtained by mixing soft palm mid fraction and high‐oleic sunflower oil. Hereby, the NMR‐diffusion data are analyzed using CONTIN to obtain a continuous distribution of diffusion coefficients. As such, the hindrance of the oil diffusion by the fat crystal network is examined. The characterization of the lipid matrices is completed with 1H‐LR‐NMR relaxometry, X‐ray diffraction, and microstructural visualization. For the investigated FBs, the average diffusion coefficient D(Δ) decreased with increasing SFC, indicating an increased tortuosity of the diffusive path due to an increasing density of the fat crystal networks as observed by polarized light microscopy. This is also supported by an increase in crystal surface area which is indicated by T2‐relaxation analysis. This study shows that NMR diffusometry is a promising technique for investigation of structure‐function relationships in fat systems.Practical Applications: The study shows that NMR diffusometry is a promising technique for investigation of structure‐function relationships in fat systems. For the first time, oil diffusion in fat crystal networks has been studied by HR‐NMR diffusometry with high gradients to collect the diffusional echo signals, while CONTIN‐analysis has been used for the first time to process the data.
A novel defoamer for processing nuclear waste: Testing and performance
Authors: Lambert Dan P. , Nikolov Alex D. , Wasan Darsh T. , Williams Matthew S. , Howe Anthony M. , Woodham Wesley H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLegacy radioactive waste from nuclear weapons material processing is the biggest environmental challenge in the state of South Carolina, and one of the biggest in the United States. Although substantial progress has been made in processing and vitrifying high‐level radioactive waste at the Savannah River site, approximately 35 million gallons remains to be treated and dispositioned. In this article, we show the development of a new defoamer for use in the processing of high‐level radioactive waste. The application of the new defoamer is not only more effective at controlling foam but will shorten the batch processing time leading to safer and more efficient processing. This has the potential to help shorten the overall site mission lifetime, saving the federal government hundreds of millions of dollars. The novel aspect of the new defoamer is its effectiveness and stability in the harsh conditions needed for processing high‐level radioactive waste: high temperatures, pH 4–13, strong oxidizing and reducing agents, and numerous metal catalysts. The defoamer will replace an existing antifoam agent that decomposes to form multiple flammable gases. Because the existing antifoam agent decomposes quickly, processing changes increased processing time.Statement of noveltyWe demonstrate that a new defoamer has been developed for use in processing high‐level radioactive waste. This novel defoamer is effective and stable in the harsh processing conditions with no detectable flammable by‐products. Because the existing antifoam agent decomposes quickly, processing changes, including lowering acid addition rates and evaporation rates, increased processing time. The new defoamer is not only more effective at controlling foam but will shorten the batch processing time and lead to safer and more efficient processing by eliminating the production of flammable gases.Statement of industrial relevanceFoaming is of great concern in many industrial processes involving three‐phase gas/liquid/fine‐solids systems, like in water evaporation, mineral floatation, air sparging in situ remediation techniques, and in those found in the paper industry.
Highlighting the cathodic contribution of an electrooxidation pretreatment study on waste activated sludge disintegration
Authors: Sari Erkan Hanife , Bakaraki Turan Nouha , Onkal Engin Guleda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the cathodic contribution in the performance of electro‐oxidation (EO) pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated using different electrode pairs, namely titanium dioxide (TiO2)/TiO2, TiO2/TiO2 coated Platine (Pt) and TiO2/TiO2 coated ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) and main operational parameters such as dosage of electrolyte solution (Na2SO4), initial pH, applied current, and electrolysis time were optimized. Disintegration degree (DD) in terms of soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs) increased with an increase in initial pH of WAS, applied current, and electrolysis time for all pairs of electrodes. Under the optimized conditions (5 g/L Na2SO4, pH 10, 3 A of current, and 100 min of e time), a maximum DD value of 23.93 and 14.26% was obtained using TiO2/RuO2 and Pt/TiO2 electrodes, respectively. However, lower DDCOD value of 12.85% was obtained for TiO2/TiO2 electrodes at similar conditions except for 4 A current. Soluble extracellular polymeric substances analysis and their protein and polysaccharide concentrations confirmed the disintegration of WAS flocs by the EO process. The operational cost (OC) of applied processes was also calculated and OC values were found in the following order: TiO2/RuO2 (46.54 €/m3) > TiO2/TiO2 (41.77 €/m3) > TiO2/Pt (32.99.54 €/m3) from the point of energy consumption.
Consumer acceptance of egg white partially substituted with mushrooms and mushroom–egg white flavor pairing
Authors: Du Xiaofen , Muniz Adriana , Sissons Joanna , Wang Wanyi , Juma Shanil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMushroom possesses a distinctive sensory quality and unique nutrients. Its pairing with egg white and consumer acceptance has never been investigated. In this study, formulated mushroom–egg white patty prototypes (white and crimini mushrooms at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, either oven roasted or steamed) were evaluated by 380 participants for acceptance and intensity of nine sensory attributes. Mushroom–egg white patty prototypes received positive hedonic scores for overall acceptance and the likeability of overall flavor, mushroom flavor, meaty flavor, egg white flavor, overall texture, and firmness. Consumer overall acceptance was most strongly and positively correlated with overall flavor liking, followed by overall appearance and overall texture likeability. Additionally, the likeability of flavor pairing between mushroom and egg white was rated positively across all 16 patties, indicating a good flavor match of mushroom and egg white. Consumer hedonic levels toward mushroom patties were significantly (p ≤ .05) impacted by cooking method, mushroom type, and mushroom level. The addition of mushroom was acceptable up to 20%, with steam method and crimini mushroom most preferred. The results provided new insights into consumer attitudes and potentially important sensory factors affecting the acceptability of mushroom–egg white patties, consequently increasing the utilization and consumption of mushrooms and mushroom‐blended products.
Transoral robotic submandibular gland transposition to reconstruct radical tonsillar resection defects
Authors: Young Allen , Bigcas Jo‐Lawrence , Yang Albert , Reeve Nathaniel , Kim Yuna , Wang Robert C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSignificant dysphagia, pain, and risk of bleeding occur after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) radical tonsillectomy. We present a novel surgical technique utilizing robotically assisted submandibular gland transposition (SMGT) to reconstruct the radical tonsillar defect. A 48‐year‐old male with p16+ tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma underwent deep TORS radical tonsillectomy, contralateral tonsillectomy, ipsilateral neck dissection, and TORS‐assisted reconstruction of the radical defect with ipsilateral SMGT. Postoperatively, the patient experienced minimal pain and was discharged on postoperative day (POD) 3 tolerating a soft diet. There were no episodes of postoperative bleeding. This procedure was performed in five other cases as well. Transoral robotic SMGT can be used successfully to repair deep TORS radical tonsillectomy defects and may theoretically reduce dysphagia, pain, and the risk of hemorrhage.
The ex‐post impact of agricultural technology adoption on poverty: Evidence from north Shewa zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Mesele , Mengiste Markew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of agricultural technology adoption on poverty reduction in north Shewa zone of Amhara region of Ethiopia in 2020. Using the selection model, this study finds that farm household's decision to adopt agricultural technologies are mainly influenced by sex of the household head, credit access, saving, extension visit, farm cooperatives and distance from market. Using an endogenous switching regression model, this study finds that adopters of agricultural technologies have higher food consumption expenditure per adult. Moreover, the significant difference in food consumption expenditure per adult equivalent between the actual and counterfactual scenario is very high. The result of the study confirmed that adoption of agricultural technology has a direct and significant impact on increasing household's consumption expenditure while also reducing household poverty. The findings of the study suggest that increasing the access and adoptions of agricultural technologies significantly improves the welfare of farm households.
Comparison of three modalities of plasmapheresis on coagulation: Centrifugal, single‐membrane filtration, and double‐filtration plasmapheresis
Authors: Marlu Raphaël , Naciri Bennani Hamza , Seyve Landry , Noble Johan , Chevallier Eloi , Motte Lionel , Imerzoukene Farida , Bugnazet Mathilde , Christophe Maryvonne , Malvezzi Paolo , Jouve Thomas , Rostaing Lionel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlasmapheresis can deplete pathogenic antibodies and allow ABO‐ and/or HLA‐incompatible transplantation.AimTo determine the impacts of three modalities of plasmapheresis (centrifugal plasmapheresis [cTPE], single‐filtration plasmapheresis [mTPE], double‐filtration plasmapheresis [DFPP]) on hemostasis parameters and thrombin generation.Materials/MethodsProspective, comparative study on 21 patients that received three modalities of plasmapheresis (7 patients/group). Hemostasis (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], procoagulant factors and natural anticoagulants) were measured before and after the first plasmapheresis session. Thrombin generation was also assessed in platelet‐poor plasma using an STA‐Genesia (Stago) analyzer and Thromboscreen reagents (Stago) in 4‐5 patients from each group.ResultsBoth cTPE and mTPE resulted in high decreases in proteins, whatever their molecular weights. Median post/pre ratios were 0.27 to 0.55 for cTPE for most proteins (except FVIII [0.64] and VWF [0.57]). Median post/pre‐ratios of mTPE were 0.28 to 0.56 for all proteins. DFPP decreased high‐molecular‐weight proteins (fibrinogen, FV, FVIII, FXI, VWF) and proteins strongly bound to large molecules (protein SandTFPI). Median post/pre ratios with cTPE and mTPE were similar to DFPP for fibrinogen and FXIII. Regarding thrombin generation, cTPE and mTPE did not significantly modify endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and DFPP induced a slight decrease in ETP (median post/pre ratio at 0.73) in the absence of thrombomodulin. ETP inhibition by thrombomodulin was decreased for all procedures.ConclusionsDFPP depleted high molecular‐weight proteins in contrast to cTPE and mTPE, which significantly decreased all proteins. Regarding thrombin generation, depletion of procoagulant factors was counterbalanced by a decrease in some natural anticoagulants whatever plasmapheresis method used; with all methods, fibrinogen and FXIII were highly depleted.
Investigation of the effect of different chelation solutions on penetration of resin‐based and bioceramic sealers with a novel method
Authors: Alim Uysal Betul Aycan , Kotan Gozde , Guneser Mehmet Burak , Dincer Asiye Nur , Senturk Hilal , Rafiqi A. Mateen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different chelation solutions on the penetration of resin‐based and bioceramic root canal sealers into dentinal tubules using a device that assembles conventional microplate detection with automated digital microscopy. Eighty‐four single‐rooted teeth were prepared with 30.07 nickel‐titanium instruments and divided into four groups of 21 according to the final irrigation solutions used: saline (control), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), maleic acid (MA), and etidronic acid (HEBP). The samples were obturated with AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, or EndoSequence BC Sealer using the single‐cone technique. The roots were then sectioned horizontally at 2, 6, and 10 mm and examined using a Cytation 5 reader and Gen5 software. Data were compared using two‐way analysis of variance followed by univariate analyses and Tukey's multiple comparison test (p < .05). The mean penetration depth in the apical thirds was higher in the MA group than in the other groups (p = .013). The mean depth in the middle and coronal thirds was almost equal in the EDTA and HEBP groups. The mean depth was significantly higher in the coronal thirds of the root canals than in any other section in all final irrigation solution groups (p < .001). EndoSequence BC Sealer displayed higher penetration depth than AH Plus and MTA Fillapex, although the differences between the examined sealers were not statistically significant. The chelation solutions increased root canal sealer penetration into the dentinal tubule.
Phosphonium‐based deep eutectic solvent coupled with vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of benzoylurea insecticides in olive oil
Authors: Meng Zilin , Li Xin , Qiao Kexin , Zeng Haozhe , Cui Xiaoyan , Liu Zikai , Ju Ziwei , Lu Runhua , Gao Haixiang , Zhou Wenfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel method using a phosphonium‐based deep eutectic solvent coupled with vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction was investigated for the enrichment and separation of five benzoylurea insecticides in olive oil. The experimental factors affecting the extraction efficiency, including the extractant type, deep eutectic solvent volume, extraction time, and extraction mode, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was observed for all target analytes, with correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9971 to 0.9998; the limits of detection were in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 μg/L, and the recoveries of analytes using the proposed method ranged between 66.9 and 111.0%. The simple, rapid, and effective method was successfully applied for detecting target analytes in olive oil sample.
Research4Life: Landscape and situation analysis: Review
Authors: Hill Tom 
Published: January 2021

Key points
The report was undertaken by Research4Life to assess their strategic position using a variation on the PESTEL framework; it contains insights valuable to researchers, publishers, and funders working in developing countries.
Growth in research funding and the number of researchers who need access to scholarly literature and research data indicates a continuing need for Research4Life.
Open access (OA) and associated developments could undermine Research4Life's value proposition, and similarly, Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐based search engines and scholarly social media platforms could render Research4Life's existing interface uncompetitive.
The Covid‐19 pandemic introduces some uncertainty into the overall picture, with the probability of significant budget pressures for universities, research funders, and publishers.
Following this, work has commenced on ways a transition can be made to OA in an equitable manner, avoiding creation of new barriers to access in lower‐ and middle‐income countries.
Recurrent angioedema: Experience at a tertiary care urban medical center
Authors: Kedarisetty Suraj , Tint Derrick , Michael Alexander , Soliman Ahmed M. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the demographics, presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with recurrent angioedema. To compare the findings to patients with ACE inhibitor related angioedema.MethodsRetrospective case series with chart review of patients who presented to a tertiary‐care hospital between January 2010 and December 2017 with two or more episodes of angioedema. Excluded were patients with anaphylactic reaction, medication induced angioedema, or angioedema secondary to an infectious etiology. A group of 88 patients who presented during the same time period with ACE inhibitor related angioedema was used as a control. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two‐tailed Fisher exact test and a multivariate logistical regression model to determine significant associations.ResultsNinety‐one patients were identified; 61 met the selection criteria and had 217 total episodes of angioedema episodes presenting to the emergency department. Fifty percent were Caucasian or Hispanic. The average number of episodes was 3.5 (range: 2‐23). The lips and tongue were the most commonly affected sites (37% and 39%). The larynx and floor of mouth were least likely to be involved (7% and 6%). Only 1 patient was found to have C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. Twenty‐eight percent of patients had asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, or atopic dermatitis. Only 11% of episodes required airway intervention. No patients required airway intervention after admission.ConclusionRecurrent angioedema was primarily idiopathic, was less severe than ACE inhibitor angioedema, and was associated with an atopic history. There was less frequent worsening of symptoms after admission, and recurrences occurred more frequently are at the same anatomic subsite.Level of EvidenceIV.
PMPC Modified PAMAM Dendrimer Enhances Brain Tumor‐Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Ban Jiamin , Li Sidi , Zhan Qi , Li Xuepin , Xing Huike , Chen Ning , Long Lixia , Hou Xin , Zhao Jin , Yuan Xubo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe excellent biocompatibility drug delivery system for effective treatment of glioma is still greatly challenged by the existence of blood–brain barrier, blood–brain tumor barrier, and the tissue toxicity caused by chemotherapy drugs. In this study, poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) is used for the first time for modifying third‐generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) to enhance their brain tumor‐targeted drug delivery ability as well as simultaneously reducing the toxicity of PAMAM dendrimers and the tissue toxicity of the loaded doxorubicin (DOX). The cytotoxicity, the therapeutic ability in vitro, and the brain tumor‐targeted ability of the PMPC modified PAMAM nanoparticles are further studied. Results indicate that PMPC, as a dual‐functional modifier, can significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers, while efficiently target the brain tumor. In addition, the therapeutic effect of DOX‐loaded PAMAM‐PMPC in mice inoculated with U‐87 is also studied in vivo. In comparison with DOX solution, DOX‐loaded PAMAM‐PMPC alleviates weight loss of tumor‐inoculated mice and reduces the cardiotoxicity of DOX. The tumor growth inhibition, in vivo, is significantly increased up to (80.76 ± 1.66)%. In conclusion, this strategy of PMPC dual‐functional targeted nanocarrier provides a new method for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to treat glioma.
2.5D frequency selective surface with quasi‐elliptical bandpass response
Authors: Zhao Zhen‐Zhen , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Kishk Ahmed A. , Zhang An‐Xue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, a via‐based 2.5‐dimensional (2.5D) frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed to realize a quasi‐elliptical bandpass response with high frequency selectivity. Each FSS element is composed of two parts. Part A is a double‐layer metallic circular patches, which are etched on both sides of a thick substrate and connected by a central big metallic via and several small vias. Part B is a single layer metallic circular patch etched on a thin substrate. The proposed FSS features several transmission/reflection zeros, exhibiting a flat transmission in the passband and fast roll‐off out of band. By investigating the electric field distributions, two paths of electromagnetic wave (EMW) propagation are observed, and the physical mechanism of the transmission/reflection zeros of the FSS is obtained. A prototype of the FSS is fabricated to verify the design, and the measured transmission responses agree with the simulated ones.
Uniform voltage distribution analysis for high peak voltage antenna tuner switch
Authors: Ren Jiangchuan , Dai Ruofan , He Jun , Zhang Zhengxuan , Zou Shichang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical analysis for achieving uniform voltage distribution among stacked field effect transistors (FETs) of RF tuner switch. The RF peak voltage (Vpeak) is limited by the unequal divided voltage drop among stacked FETs. A simplified equivalent capacitor circuit is established and an analytical expression is then derived for the first time to decide the value of ideal equivalent capacitance of each FET in the stack for achieving equal voltage division. Varying size of each stacked FET to set that the drain‐to‐source capacitance (Cds) equals to the capacitance from the proposed analytical expression can obtain a uniform voltage distribution, and thus a much higher Vpeak. To validate the proposed analytical expression, a 4‐shunt single‐pole single‐throw (4xSPST) switch is fabricated in HHGrace's 0.13 μm RF silicon‐on‐insulator process. Simulation and measurement results show that the switch features a uniform voltage distribution and a significant improvement in Vpeak.
Display Technology Branches Out
Authors: Atwood Stephen P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWelcome to 2021 and the beginning of a new year for Information Display. We have some fascinating stories and features coming up. We'll be covering timely display topics such as OLED manufacturing, more on HDR and wide color gamuts, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), flexible displays, and much more. Also, we're always looking for volunteers to work as guest editors and welcome any new topical suggestions you might have. Our full 2021 editorial calendar is available online (www.informationdisplay.org).
Location‐scale monitoring of ordinal categorical processes
Authors: Bai Kaizong , Li Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn many applications, process variables are measured by categorical data with some natural order among their attribute levels, such as “good,” “marginal,” and “bad.” This paper considers monitoring ordinal categorical factors, which are determined by their latent continuous variables. The monitoring considers shifts in the location or scale parameters of latent variables, but only the ordinal attribute levels are observable. To this end, univariate and multivariate location‐scale log‐linear (LSL2) models are first established to describe a single ordinal factor and multiple ones, respectively. LSL2 models are founded on the score tests with respect to the location and scale parameters of continuous variables, which transform the detection of latent location and scale shifts into testing the coefficients of LSL2 models. Based on this, univariate and multivariate location‐scale ordinal control charts are proposed for detecting shifts in the location and scale parameters of the latent continuous variable of a single ordinal factor, as well as shifts in the location, scale, and correlation parameters of the underlying continuous variables of multiple ordinal factors. Simulation results have demonstrated the power of the proposed methods under various types of latent continuous distributions.