bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological and economic interpretation of the soil map constructed by the method of plastic of relief
Authors: Stepanova V I , Trofimetz L N , Alexandrova A P , Saraeva A M , Tyapkina A P , Chaadaeva N N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the possibilities of soil maps, constructed by the method of plastic of relief, to distinguish soil differences based on their association with specific relief forms. It gives examples of the ecological and economic assessment of lands in the Kashirsky district (Moscow region), which were carried out with the help of a map of plastic of relief. The method of plastic of relief was developed by Professor I.N. Stepanov in the eighties of the last century. The authors give a comparative analysis of the results of soil mapping by the traditional method and the method of plastic of relief. Using the example of soil maps of the Ozherelyevsky state farm, they discuss the advantages of the method of plastic of relief for representing soil differences on different relief elements. The soils of the Ozherelyevsky state farm are shown on the map as flows. The hierarchy of height levels of flows is shown. These levels correspond to specific soils according to V.V. Dokuchaev (normal, transitional, soils of depressions). The flows revealed by the method of plastic of relief have a specific direction in space. Due to this quality, it’s concluded that it’s possible to determine the ways of transport of geochemical substances and contaminants in space. This is important to take into account when carrying out reclamation work. The map at the design stage allows structuring land use in the most optimal way and taking a differentiated approach to the economic assessment of lands involved in production.
The phytomeliorating effect of spring rape in rice crop rotation in the Republic of Kalmykia
Authors: Nidzhlyaeva I A , Ochirova E N , Moroz N N , Dedova E B , Ochirov V V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mid-crops accelerate rice field soil cultivation and increase rice yields. When spring rape is introduced into the rice crop rotation, the soil acquires an increased ability to restore the soil layer. The bulk density of soil in the rice–spring rape crop rotation decreases by 8 … 10%. When cultivating rice on a reclamation field, this indicator increases by 4 … 6%. It has been established that rapeseed crops have phytomeliorative properties, improve the ameliorative state of rice fields, have a positive effect on the fertility of brown semi-desert soil, and increase rice productivity.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of feeding fish using electro-optical devices in fish farms of the Volgograd region
Authors: Kostin V E , Sokolova N A , Kochetkov V G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For intensive fish farming on fish farms, the food supply is a decisive condition. But the fodder base of reservoirs is not an unlimited resource, and compound feed is becoming more expensive and not always available. One of the solutions to this problem can be attracting flying insects to the surface of water bodies. Light traps of various models are increasingly used to attract insects at twilight and at night. The experiment used an experimental mobile electro-optical installation for the destruction of flying insects with an optical converter of the ultraviolet spectrum, a structure to which a high-frequency electric voltage is applied and a screen for collecting insects. The light trap attracts different species of insects, which also differ in their food value for fish. Nevertheless, natural food provides a good supplement with sufficient amounts of essential nutrients and energy. As a result of the obtained experiment, a species analysis of arthropods attracted by a light trap was carried out. The most active ones were representatives of the order Diptera, from the families of chironomids (bell mosquitoes) and midges (river midge). Representatives of the leafhopper family from the order of Hemiptera (bugs) also showed high activity. Chironomids are an important component of food for larvae and fry of fish, especially carp species. The proposed installation can operate in a mixed discrete mode, actively attracting flying insects without affecting them by high voltage, which contributes to the intensification of the development of food organisms.
Monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Republic of Khakasia
Authors: Shanina Ekaterina V , Shanina Elena V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The production of environmentally friendly, safe food is one of the conditions contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. Special attention is paid to the measures aimed to prevent the ingress and accumulation of heavy metal ions in agricultural products. Most researchers deal with the content of gross forms of heavy metals in agricultural soils, while it is the mobile forms that have a significant effect on their “transition” into production and accumulation. The article presents the results of studies on the content of mobile forms of cadmium, lead and copper in agricultural soils in different landscape and climatic zones of the Republic of Khakassia. It was found that the average values of concentrations of the mobile forms of heavy metals in the humus layer are within the maximum permissible concentrations. The content of lead varies from 0.3 to 2.2 mg / kg, copper - from 0.18 to 0.4 mg / kg, cadmium - from 0.01 to 0.2 mg / kg. The content of mobile forms of cadmium, lead and copper varies from year to year. During the monitoring, the oscillatory dynamics of changes in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil was revealed. The ratio of mobile forms of heavy metals (Pb: Cu: Cd) decreases in the following sequence: chestnut soils → southern chernozems → ordinary and leached chernozems → gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils.
Optimization of food recipes for people of mental work and their lifestyle
Authors: Eremenko V N , Grinchenko V S , Pitkin V A , Levchenko A A , Sinko O V , Tsaava S V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The types of mental work include the work of programmers, operators, teachers, doctors, students, etc. People of intense mental labor, especially chess players, have an increased need for essential amino and fatty acids. A particularly important role is assigned to the chess game as a means of the student’s intellectual development, mental activity and cognitive mental abilities of a person - memory, attention, thinking, etc. The article describes a method for optimizing food formulations. The prescription principles for the design of food products based on pancakes with cheese and greens for people with increased mental stress have been optimized. The composition of raw materials and finished products is analyzed.
Technological solutions and prospects for obtaining protein preparations and composites from legumes
Authors: Kolpakova V V , Kulikov D S , Ulanova R V , Gaivoronskaya I S , Chumikina L V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To eliminate the deficit of proteins in the diet of humans and animals, as an alternative to polymers of animal origin, modern methods and technological solutions for isolating preparations from various types of plant materials with modern physicochemical and biotechnological techniques are being developed. The most effective are the methods and processes with enzyme preparations, eliminating the destruction of the structure and composition of protein fractions of raw materials, in contrast to solutions of acids and alkalis. Protein preparations from peas and chickpeas, having a high biological value, along with polypeptides, also contain useful biologically active substances (fiber, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, etc.), the presence of which benefits human body and animals. The analysis of the state of production of leguminous crops in the country indicates that, on the existing domestic raw material base, the production of food and feed protein concentrates from pea and chickpea grain is promising to organize with the maximum preservation of biological value, composition and properties. It is also advisable to use biosynthetic processes with various types of fungal and / or bacterial enzymes, physical and physico-chemical methods of exposure to obtain safe products with high yield. In order to obtain a balanced diet of humans and animals, along with ensuring the complementarity of amino acids, it is advisable to include minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, etc., in the form of additives or by synthesis of functional ingredients from components of leguminous raw materials with selected microorganisms.
Designing 69 Meters Littoral Mission Ship Based on the 60 Meters Fast Patrol Boat Platform to Improve Multi-Task Warfare
Authors: Santoso A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
60 meters fast patrol boat class is well known as one of the successful programs in the build of local warship in the national shipyards. Due to the higher tension in the South China Sea recently, therefore, it is urgently to have some better ships both quantitatively and qualitatively. To reduce procurements costs and shorten the delivery time then an LMS type with a length of 69 meters would be proposed based on the proven design of 60 meters FPB. Improvement of the platform not only about its size and capacity but also multi-task missions. The LMS will support missions of patrolling and intercepting as a fast patrol craft, moreover additional tasks including anti-surface warfare, mines-warfare, hydrography and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), also bio & chemical warfare duties. LMS will have a low radar cross-section by improving its stealth design and the addition of a helideck to accommodate a medium-sized helicopter. Ship able carries up to three standard ISO-containers as complementary logistics when the deck not being occupied by helicopter. LMS needs only 20% more engine power when its draught is 0.1 m higher and 21.5% more displacement compare with the FPB at a similar speed of 24 knots.
Design Propeller Of Fast Missile Boat 60 M By Using Gawn Series
Authors: Kusuma C , Ariana I M , Nugroho W H , Djatmiko E B , Masroeri A A , Sutardi  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 60m Fast Missile Boat (FMB 60m) with a full load displacement of 467T draft 2.6m uses a 3900Kw engine and a maximum speed of 28 knots. In this research, it will be designed using the Gawn series. Choice of the Gawn series is because Gawn has a P / D of 0.4-2.0 and a maximum KT of 1.1. Powering calculations, performed using the MARIN DESPPC method. Based on the calculation results, the KTR and JDesaign value will be obtained, then all Gawn series propellers that meet the required engine power will be calculated. From the calculation of thrust requirements and the availability of engine power, the Gawn-series propeller is suitable for the propulsion of 60m fast missile boat.
Analysis of the usage of the android-based scantling calculation application for wooden ship construction for survey activity based on BKI vol vii 2013 rules
Authors: Afsari Sabila Fitri , Supomo Heri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In survey activities at wooden shipyards, surveyors often find scantling calculations not comply with the regulations. Because the use of technology has not yet developed, based on traditional technology development so that the weakness occurs in the design and construction. The survey system for scantling calculation is yet manually, surveyors write actual results and carry documents in paper form which is less efficient. Designing media in the form of android application for calculating wooden ship scantling based on BKI Volume VII 2013 rules concerning ‘Rules for Small Vessel Up to 24 M’ is needed. The initial step of a design application is creating database structure that normalization BKI table become a system, then, making a mock up for display. After that, create functional as back end system that is processing database and front end that is screen display, and the last step is creating system for reporting result. This application accessed by input the actual data of wood type, mechanical properties and main dimension on each form, then the application will display the results of BKI calculations. The surveyor fills actual data of scantling in column and gives mark if the results comply and will gives a note if not complied then insert a photo to prove. The PELRA ship with length overall (LOA) of 17.65 meters used as the research object. The questionnaire is applied to know response of user about the application. The results, a total percentage is 75.6% to average total score is 37.8 which shows that the application very helpful to assist survey activities. The conclusion, the use of android application for scantling calculation of wooden ship construction is needed because more practical and can accessed anywhere compared to manual survey systems, more efficient in terms of time, and more safety for data storage of report.
Modification and Analysis of Twin Screw Ship Stern for Optimizing Propulsive Coefficient Values in Propulsive System
Authors: Rulianto J , Indiaryanto M , Ariana I M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Twin-screw ship has the advantage of being able to reduce the diameter of propeller by using the same rotation and engine power as a single-screw ship. With the result that twin-screw ship can be operated in areas with lower water depth. However, the type of twin-screw ship has a deficiency in the value of hull efficiency ( ) and the relative rotative efficiency ( ). This occurs because of the propeller position which is far from the field of the flow of the ship’s hull speed (V). So that the value of the water flow to the propeller (advance velocity/) becomes low. Various studies have been conducted to increase wake fraction (w) and reduce the thrust deduction factor (t) values some of which are by modifying the shape of the ship’s stern parts bossing to increase the water speed to the propeller (advance velocity/) which will have a large effect on the wake fraction (w) and thrust deduction factor (t). Among them is by modifying the shape of the ship’s stern bossing so that it can increase the speed of water to the propeller (advance velocity/) which will greatly affect the value of the wake fraction (w) and thrust deduction factor (t) to increase the propulsive coefficient (PC). In this study, it is known that the QPC value for the ship model tested in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory Indonesia (LHI) is 0.54 while for the four models tested using the CFD method is model one 0.63, model two 0.55, model three 0.63, and model four amount 0.51. Based on the above test it can be concluded that the third hull model has the highest QPC. be in ALARP compared to acceptance criteria.
Logistics System of Exported Fishery Product : a Case Study of Fisheries Centre in Natuna
Authors: Mustakim A. , Lazuardi S.D. , Caterina A. K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs one of potential fishery areas in Natuna, the Integrated Marine and Fisheries Center (SKPT) has been producing the fishery commodities of 350,000 kg per month. Currently, SKPT Natuna is cooperating with Japan to export one of fishery products, which is frozen octopus. However, the existing export logistics system is considered ineffective and inefficient due to the higher logistics cost and higher lead time. This study aims to develop logistics system model with respect to obtain the optimum travel duration and the schedule of ship arrival at each transit point by considering minimum unit cost. The method used is the Shortest Path Problem [1] to optimize 24 cargo delivery schedules for one year so that the optimum routes defined are different for each delivery schedule depending on the availability of ship. The result shows the total duration of the delivery required is 32 days and the total shipping cost is Rp. 31,3 million/TEU. Thus, the optimum route obtained is able to reduce the shipping cost of frozen octopus by 45% and shorten the lead time by 15% compared to the current logistics system.
Comparison Between Fish-Catching Techniques with Purse Seine Fishing Equipment in Japan and Indonesia
Authors: Faturachman D. , Fitri Z. , Aslan S. , Sulaeman K.A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Japan is a country that has highly developed marine fishery resources. In the field of fisheries, Indonesia is still very behind compared to Japan. One of the factors related to Indonesia being lagging behind Japan in the fisheries sector lies in the fishing technique using the purse seine fishing gear. There are several conditions related to fishing gear in Indonesia, such as: simple navigation and fishing gear, almost 80% of fishing gear operation still uses human power with manual steering systems and fishing operations in Indonesia which can take some time weeks or even months. This has an impact on the less than optimal fish catch. Indonesia is still very far from being able to catch up with the technology owned by Japan, especially in the operation of purse seine fishing gear. The purpose of this study was to determine and explain the purse seine fishing gear and to know the similarities and differences between fishing techniques and purse seine fishing gear in Japan and Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach with literature review to collect data and make observations directly into the field, namely in Indonesia, especially on the Tri Mina Barokah Ship, Juwana area, Pati Regency and in Japan especially the Yamasen Ship, Choshi area, Chiba Prefecture. The results of the study that show the most significant difference between fishing techniques in Indonesia and in Japan are the number of vessels and fishing aids used. In Indonesia, fishing is still using 1 unit of ship which has a function as fish finder, net carrier and fish catcher, besides that the fishing aid used is still very simple. In Japan, 4 vessels are engaged in fishing (honsen, tansakusen, unpansen, recko boat) and are equipped with sophisticated and modern fishing tools.
Distribution Pattern of Capture Fisheries Industry in Southern of East Java Analysed from Operational Aspect and Interconnection Between Ports
Authors: Mubarok M R , Gurning O S , Arvitrieda N I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
East Java is one of the provinces that has the largest capture fisheries resources in Indonesia. It is recorded that the sustainable potential of East Java fisheries is more than 500.000 tons / year [1]. Capture fisheries production in the southern part of East Java Province is dominated by 3 Regencies, there are Trenggalek Regency, Pacitan Regency and Banyuwangi Regency [2]. As one of the Provinces that greatly contributed to the National income, East Java province is very potential if the government wants to make strategic plans related to the capture fisheries industry in East Java province. This strategic plan will determine a suitable development area for the capture fisheries industry on the southern part of East Java by considering operational aspects and interconnection between ports. By considering these two factors, it is hoped that the center for the development of the capture fisheries industry in southern of East Java will become more structured so can supports the government program, National Fisheries Logistics System (SLIN).
Cell spheroids as a versatile research platform: formation mechanisms, high throughput production, characterization and applications
Authors: Decarli Monize Caiado , Amaral Robson , Santos Diogo Peres dos , Tofani Larissa Bueno , Katayama Eric , Rezende Rodrigo Alvarenga , Silva Jorge Vicente Lopes da , Swiech Kamilla , Suazo Claudio Alberto Torres , Mota Carlos , Moroni Lorenzo , Moraes Ângela Maria 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has tremendous advantages to closely mimic the in vivo architecture and microenvironment of healthy tissue and organs, as well as of solid tumors. Spheroids are currently the most attractive 3D model to produce uniform reproducible cell structures as well as a potential basis for engineering large tissues and complex organs. In this review we discuss, from an engineering perspective, processes to obtain uniform 3D cell spheroids, comparing dynamic and static cultures and considering aspects such as mass transfer and shear stress. In addition, computational and mathematical modeling of complex cell spheroid systems are discussed. The non-cell-adhesive hydrogel-based method and dynamic cell culture in bioreactors are focused in detail and the myriad of developed spheroid characterization techniques is presented. The main bottlenecks and weaknesses are discussed, especially regarding the analysis of morphological parameters, cell quantification and viability, gene expression profiles, metabolic behavior and high-content analysis. Finally, a vast set of applications of spheroids as tools for in vitro study model systems is examined, including drug screening, tissue formation, pathologies development, tissue engineering and biofabrication, 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, together with their use in high-throughput platforms.
AdaptingWives and Daughtersfor Television: Reimagining Women, Travel, Natural Science, and Race
Authors: Ballinger Gill 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis essay examines the depiction of women, travel, natural science, and race in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters (1864–66) and Andrew Davies’s BBC adaptation of the novel (1999). It argues that the adaptation offers a recognizable transposition of Gaskell’s text, but makes some significant adjustments that reveal its contemporary reimagining of the novel’s gender and racial politics. In particular, Davies transforms Gaskell’s unexceptional female protagonist Molly Gibson into a proto-feminist naturalist adventurer, and revisions the casual racism the novel expresses towards black people in line with late-twentieth-century sensibilities. Each text, novel and film, reveals the period-specific ideological forces that shape its portrayal of Englishwomen and African people.
Discordance between dementia caregivers’ goal of care and preference for life-extending treatments
Authors: Malhotra Chetna , Mohamad Hazirah, , Østbye Truls , Pollak Kathryn I , Balasundaram Bharathi , Malhotra Rahul , Tong Ka-Mun , Hum Allyn Yin Mei , Allen John Carson , Seow Dennis , Yong Jing Rong , Yoon Sungwon ,   PISCES Study Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany older adults with severe dementia receive potentially life-extending treatments even when caregivers do not wish to prolong their life inappropriately.ObjectiveExplore factors that influence caregiver preferences for potentially life-extending treatments for older adults with severe dementia, and reasons for discordance between overall end-of-life care goal and treatment preferences.DesignSemi-structured in-depth interviews asking caregivers their overall end-of-life care goal for older adults and preferences for intravenous (IV) antibiotics, tube feeding and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).ParticipantsA total of 26 caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with severe dementia in Singapore.ApproachReflexive thematic analysis.ResultsMost caregivers’ (77%) overall end-of-life care goal was ‘no life extension’. Yet, 80% preferred IV antibiotics for a life-threatening infection, 60% preferred tube feeding and 45% preferred CPR. Caregivers preferred these treatments because they (1) perceived letting go by withholding treatments as unethical, (2) felt they had no choice as they deferred to the health care provider, (3) wanted to alleviate suffering rather than extend life and (4) desired trying minimally invasive treatments that had the potential to be withdrawn. Themes explaining discordance were (1) feared regret about making the ‘wrong’ decision, (2) considered treatments to address immediate needs even when long-term goal did not match providing that treatment and (3) anticipated disagreement with other family members on overall goal of care.ConclusionTo reduce discordance between caregivers’ overall end-of-life care goal and preferences for life-extending treatments, clinicians can use a shared decision-making approach involving discussions of both their overall end-of-life care goal and treatment preferences.