bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Visual Dictionary of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infection Control, and Institutional Surveillance Data
Authors: Keizer Julia , Luz Christian F. , Sinha Bhanu , van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette , Albers Casper , Beerlage-de Jong Nienke , Glasner Corinna 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Data and data visualization are integral parts of (clinical) decision-making in general and stewardship (antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, and institutional surveillance) in particular. However, systematic research on the use of data visualization in stewardship is lacking. This study aimed at filling this gap by creating a visual dictionary of stewardship through an assessment of data visualization (i.e., graphical representation of quantitative information) in stewardship research.Methods: A random sample of 150 data visualizations from published research articles on stewardship were assessed (excluding geographical maps and flowcharts). The visualization vocabulary (content) and design space (design elements) were combined to create a visual dictionary. Additionally, visualization errors, chart junk, and quality were assessed to identify problems in current visualizations and to provide improvement recommendations.Results: Despite a heterogeneous use of data visualization, distinct combinations of graphical elements to reflect stewardship data were identified. In general, bar (n = 54; 36.0%) and line charts (n = 42; 28.1%) were preferred visualization types. Visualization problems comprised color scheme mismatches, double y-axis, hidden data points through overlaps, and chart junk. Recommendations were derived that can help to clarify visual communication, improve color use for grouping/stratifying, improve the display of magnitude, and match visualizations to scientific standards.Conclusion: Results of this study can be used to guide data visualization creators in designing visualizations that fit the data and visual habits of the stewardship target audience. Additionally, the results can provide the basis to further expand the visual dictionary of stewardship toward more effective visualizations that improve data insights, knowledge, and clinical decision-making.
Cerebral Microbleed Burden in Ischemic Stroke Patients on Aspirin: Prospective Cohort of Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Chong-xi , Xu Hui , Yi Tong , Yi Xing-yang , Ma Jun-peng 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This investigation aimed at studying the prevalence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), including risk factors and the correlation of CMBs to ischemic stroke (IS) patient end results.Methods: Four hundred and fifty-nine acute IS cases were recruited between April 2014 and December 2016. Cerebral microbleeds were analyzed using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) brain MRI scan. The enrolled patients with acute IS were followed up for 12–24 months, with a median follow-up time of 19 months. The follow-up endpoint events including recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), transient ischemic attack (TIA), mortality, and cardiovascular events. The associations between vascular risk factors and CMBs in IS patients were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cox regression model was employed for evaluating CMB impact on clinical outcome.Results: Among 459 enrolled patients, 187 (40.7%) had CMBs and 272 (59.2%) had no CMB. In comparison with patients with no CMBs, age was higher and hypertension was more frequent in patients with CMBs. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed age and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of CMBs. Among the patient cohort, 450 cases completed the follow-up. During the follow-up period, 22 (4.9%) of patients developed ICH, 12 (2.7%) developed TIA, 68 (15.1%) developed RIS, cardiovascular events occurred in 20 (4.44%), and 13 (2.89%) cases were mortalities. Compared with patients without CMBs, IS patients with CMBs have an increased prevalence of ICH (p &lt; 0.05). However, no statistically valid variations regarding other outcome incidences between both groups was identified (p &gt; 0.05). The incidence of ICH was elevated in tandem with elevations in number of CMBs. Following adjusting for age, multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that CMBs ≥10 were independent predictors of ICH in acute IS patients.Conclusion: Age and hypertension are independently associated with the presence of CMBs. Intracranial hemorrhage incidence rate was increased with the number of CMBs, and the number of CMBs ≥10 were independent predictors of ICH in acute stroke patients.
Corticospinal Excitability of the Lower Limb Muscles During the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments: A TMS Study During Dart Throwing
Authors: Matsumoto Amiri , Liang Nan , Ueda Hajime , Irie Keisuke 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate whether the changes in the corticospinal excitability contribute to the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in the lower limb muscles when performing the ballistic upper limb movement of the dart throwing.Methods: We examined the primary motor cortex (M1) excitability of the lower limb muscles [tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles] during the APA phase by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the healthy volunteers. The surface electromyography (EMG) of anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, biceps brachii, TA, and SOL muscles was recorded and the motor evoked potential (MEP) to TMS was recorded in the TA muscle along with the SOL muscle. TMS at the hotspot of the TA muscle was applied at the timings immediately prior to the TA onset. The kinematic parameters including the three-dimensional motion analysis and center of pressure (COP) during the dart throwing were also assessed.Results: The changes in COP and EMG of the TA muscle occurred preceding the dart throwing, which involved a slight elbow flexion followed by an extension. The correlation analysis revealed that the onset of the TA muscle was related to the COP change and the elbow joint flexion. The MEP amplitude in the TA muscle, but not that in the SOL muscle, significantly increased immediately prior to the EMG burst (100, 50, and 0 ms prior to the TA onset).Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the corticospinal excitability of the TA muscle increases prior to the ballistic upper limb movement of the dart throwing, suggesting that the corticospinal pathway contributes to the APA in the lower limb in a muscle-specific manner.
Comparing Biomarkers for Predicting Pathological Responses to Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Fuxing , Huo Xingfa , Wang Miaozhou , Liu Zhen , Zhao Yi , Ren Dengfeng , Xie Qiqi , Liu Zhilin , Li Zitao , Du Feng , Shen Guoshuang , Zhao Jiuda 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe predictive strength and accuracy of some biomarkers for the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the HER2-enriched subtype and the presence of PIK3CA mutations, namely, TILs, HRs, and Ki-67, in predicting the pCR to HER2-positive breast cancer therapy.MethodsWe screened studies that included pCR predicted by one of the following biomarkers: the HER2-enriched subtype and the presence of PIK3CA mutations, TILs, HRs, or Ki-67. We then calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs, respectively), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy.ResultsThe pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity for the HER2-enriched subtype and the presence of PIK3CA mutations, namely, TILs, HRs, and Ki-67, were 0.66 and 0.62, 0.85 and 0.27, 0.49 and 0.61, 0.54 and 0.64, and 0.68 and 0.51, respectively. The AUC of the HER2-enriched subtype was significantly higher (0.71) than those for the presence of TILs (0.59, p = 0.003), HRs (0.65, p = 0.003), and Ki-67 (0.62, p = 0.005). The AUC of the HER2-enriched subtype had a tendency to be higher than that of the presence of PIK3CA mutations (0.58, p = 0.220). Moreover, it had relatively high PPV (0.58) and LR+ (1.77), similar NPV (0.73), and low LR− (0.54) compared with the other four biomarkers.ConclusionsThe HER2-enriched subtype has a moderate breast cancer diagnostic accuracy, which is better than those of the presence of PIK3CA mutations, TILs, HRs, and Ki-67.
Prognostic Role of the C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio in Patients With Gynecological Cancers: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fang Yingji , Zheng Tingting , Zhang Chengling 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundMany studies have investigated the prognostic role of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/Alb ratio) in patients with gynecological cancers; however, there is lack of consensus owing to conflicting results across studies. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the prognostic role of the CRP/Alb ratio in gynecological cancers.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang electronic databases since inception to April 2021. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the prognostic effect of the CRP/Alb ratio in gynecological cancers. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to investigate the association between the CRP/Alb ratio and clinicopathological features.ResultsThe meta-analysis included seven studies with 1,847 patients. The pooled results showed that a high pretreatment CRP/Alb ratio was associated with poor overall survival (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.41–2.40; p &lt; 0.001) and progression-/disease-free survival (HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.42–4.68; p = 0.002). Additionally, a high CRP/Alb ratio was significantly associated with stages III–IV disease (the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification) (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.45–6.14; p = 0.003). However, we observed a non-significant correlation between the CRP/Alb ratio and lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and histopathological grade.ConclusionsThe CRP/Alb ratio is a convenient and accurate predictor of survival outcomes in gynecological cancers. A high CRP/Alb ratio also predicts tumor progression.
18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT Performance on Risk Stratification Discrimination and Distant Metastases Prediction in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhuonan , Zheng Anqi , Li Yunxuan , Dong Weixuan , Liu Xiang , Yuan Wang , Gao Fan , Duan Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prediction performance of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and clinicopathologic characteristics on prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification and distant metastatic prediction.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 101 consecutively patients with biopsy or radical prostatectomy proved PCa who underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. The semi-quantitative analysis provided minimum, maximum and mean standardized uptake (SUVmin, SUVmax and SUVmean) of PCa. Association between clinicopathologic characteristics (total prostate-specific antigen, tPSA and Gleason Score, GS) and PET/CT indexes were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of distant metastatic on PET/CT parameters, tPSA and GS was evaluated using logistic regression analyses. A path analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediating effect of tPSA level on the relation between semi-quantitative parameters of primary tumors and metastatic lesions.ResultsThe PET/CT parameters were all higher in high risk stratification subgroups (tPSA&gt;20 ng/mL, GS ≥ 8, and tPSA&gt;20 ng/mL and/or GS ≥ 8, respectively) with high sensitivity (86.89%, 90.16% and 83.61%, respectively). The SUVmax, tPSA and GS could effectively predict distant metastatic with high sensitivity of SUVmax (90.50%) compared with tPSA (57.14%) and GS (55.61%). With a cutoff value of 29.01ng/mL for tPSA, the detection rate of distant metastasis between low and high prediction tPSA group had statistical differences (50.00% vs. 76.60%, respectively; P = 0.006) which was not found on guideline tPSA level (P&gt;0.05). 6/15 (40%) patients tPSA between 20ng/mL to 29.01ng/mL without distant metastases may change the risk stratification. Finally, tPSA had a partial mediating effect on SUVmax of primary tumors and metastases lesions.ConclusionThe 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT SUVmax has a higher sensitivity and can be an “imaging biomarker” for primary PCa risk stratification. The prediction tPSA level (29.01 ng/mL) is more conducive to the assessment of distant metastasis and avoid unnecessary biopsy.
Pediatric Simplified Acute Physiology Score II: Establishment of a New, Repeatable Pediatric Mortality Risk Assessment Score
Authors: Irschik Stefan , Veljkovic Jelena , Golej Johann , Schlager Gerald , Brandt Jennifer B. , Krall Christoph , Hermon Michael 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:In critical care it is crucial to appropriately assess the risk of mortality for each patient. This is especially relevant in pediatrics, with its need for accurate and repeatable scoring. Aim of this study was to evaluate an age-adapted version of the expanded Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; (p-SAPS II), a repeatable, newly-designed scoring system compared to established scores (Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score/pSOFA, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score-2/PELOD-2 and Pediatric Index of Mortality 3/PIM3).Design:This retrospective cohort pilot study included data collected from patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at the Medical University of Vienna between July 2017 through December 2018.Patients:231 admissions were included, comprising neonates (gestational age of ≥ 37 weeks) and patients up to 18 years of age with a PICU stay longer than 48 h.Main Outcomes:Mortality risk prediction and discrimination between survivors and non-survivors were the main outcomes of this study. The primary statistical methods for evaluating the performance of each score were the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and goodness-of-fit test.Results:Highest AUROC curve was calculated for p-SAPS II (AUC = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77–0.96;p&lt; 0.001). This was significantly higher than the AUROCs of PELOD-2/pSOFA but not of PIM3. However, in a logistic regression model including p-SAPS II and PIM3 as covariates, p-SAPS II had a significant effect on the accuracy of prediction (p= 0.003). Nevertheless, according to the goodness-of-fit test for p-SAPS II and PIM3, p-SAPS II overestimated the number of deaths, whereas PIM3 showed acceptable estimations. Repeatability testing showed increasing AUROC values for p-SAPS II throughout the clinical stay (0.96 at day 28) but still no significant difference to PIM 3. The prediction accuracy, although improved over the days and even exceeded PIM 3.Conclusions:The newly-created p-SAPS II performed better than the established PIM3 in terms of discriminating between survivors and non-survivors. Furthermore, p-SAPS II can be assessed repeatably throughout a patient's PICU stay what improves mortality prediction. However, there is still a need to optimize calibration of the score to accurately predict mortality sooner throughout the clinical stay.
Bleeding Outcomes After Dental Extraction in Patients Under Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants vs. Vitamin K Antagonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hua Wenbing , Huang Zhengmei , Huang Zhuoli 
Published: October 2021

Background: The current systematic review aimed to compare bleeding outcomes in dental extraction patients receiving uninterrupted Direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) or Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for various systemic diseases.Methods: PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case control studies, conducted on adult patients undergoing dental extraction under uninterrupted DOAC or VKAs therapy and reporting bleeding outcomes. The search was conducted up to March 31, 2021. We pooled data to calculate risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model.Results: Eight studies comparing 539 patients on DOAC therapy and 574 patients on VKAs were included. Meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant lower bleeding risk in patients under DOAC therapy (RR 0.68 95% CI 0.49, 0.95 I2 = 0%). However, on sensitivity analysis, the results were statistically non-significant after exclusion of any of the included studies. On pooled analysis of limited number of studies, we found no statistically significant difference in the risk of bleeding between apixaban (RR 0.85 95% CI 0.45, 1.60 I2 = 0%), rivaroxaban (RR 0.95 95% CI 0.36, 2.48 I2 = 45%), dabigatran (RR 0.49 95% CI 0.19, 1.28 I2 = 5%), edoxaban (RR 0.41 95% CI 0.13, 1.27 I2 = 0%) and VKAs.Conclusion: The results of the first review comparing bleeding outcomes after dental extraction in patients on uninterrupted DOAC or VKA therapy indicates that patients on DOAC may have a reduced risk of hemorrhage. Current evidence is of very low-quality and should be interpreted with caution. Data on individual DOAC is scarce and at this point, the difference in the risk of bleeding between these drugs cannot be elucidated. Further studies with a large sample size shall supplement our conclusion.
Change in Colorectal Cancer Tests Submitted for Reimbursement in Switzerland 2012–2018: Evidence from Claims Data of a Large Insurance
Authors: Schneider Rémi , Näpflin Markus , Syrogiannouli Lamprini , Bissig Sarah , Tal Kali , Bulliard Jean-Luc , Ducros Cyril , Senn Oliver , Selby Kevin , Bähler Caroline , Blozik Eva , Auer Reto 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:Guidelines recommend colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or colonoscopy. In 2013, Switzerland introduced reimbursement of CRC screening by mandatory health insurance for 50-69-years-olds, after they met their deductible. We hypothesized that the 2013 reimbursement policy increased testing rate.Methods:In claims data from a Swiss insurance, we determined yearly CRC testing rate among 50-75-year-olds (2012–2018) and the association with socio-demographic, insurance-, and health-related covariates with multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. We tested for interaction of age (50–69/70–75) on testing rate over time.Results:Among insurees (2012:355′683; 2018:348′526), yearly CRC testing rate increased from 2012 to 2018 (overall: 8.1–9.9%; colonoscopy: 5.0–7.6%; FOBT: 3.1–2.3%). Odds ratio (OR) were higher for 70–75-year-olds (2012: 1.16, 95%CI 1.13–1.20; 2018: 1.05, 95%CI 1.02–1.08). Deductible interacted with changes in testing rate over time (p&lt; 0.001). The increase in testing rate was proportionally higher among 50-69-years-olds than 70-75-year-olds over the years.Conclusions:CRC testing rate in Switzerland increased from 2012 to 2018, particularly among 50-69-years-olds, the target population of the 2013 law. Future studies should explore the effect of encouraging FOBT or waiving deductible.
Chaos theory and youth extremism in Russia
Authors: Vatoropin Aleksandr , Duran Tat'yana , Tagilceva Yuliya 
Published: October 2021

Many scientific works of sociologists, political analysts, psychologists, linguists have been devoted to the study of youth extremism, its various aspects and the fight against it. However, youth extremism still exists, and its violent manifestations destroy political and social stability in different countries including Russia. Therefore, the search for ways to counter this phenomenon continues.
The purpose of the study is to clarify the concepts of youth extremism, to determine the approach to its study and the fight against it as well as to apply this approach to the predicted specific political crisis in Russia.
Methodology, methods. The article uses chaos theory adapted to the analysis of social reality as a methodology for the study of youth extremism. To tackle manifestations of youth extremism, the method based on the use of so–called strange attractors is proposed.
Results. The field of the research is determined through the correlation of the concepts of “extremism”, “radicalism”, “deviation”, “delinquency”. The study clarifies the concept of extremism, gives its classification, and substantiates the boundaries of its social carrier - the youth. Chaos theory is used to study youth extremism and predict the development of social crises in Russia, in which young people can take an active part. The possibility of using so-called strange attractors to prevent active performances of young extremists in a situation of a specific political crisis is shown.
The scientific novelty lies in the use of chaos theory to study youth extremism in modern Russia and the fight against it.
Practical significance. A concrete way of countering manifestations of youth extremism in real political conditions is suggested.
Peculiarities of Relations in LGBT Community
Authors: Lar'kina Viktoriya , Pochebut Lyudmila 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. LGBT communities belong to groups with deviant behavior. A small amount of information about the structure of the LGBT community causes the following problems: 1. Disinformation and negative attitude towards the activities of the LGBT community. 2. The LGBT community consists of significantly different groups with different needs and specific problems, which leads to misunderstandings and conflicts of interests within the social movement. 3. Hidden conflicts within the LGBT community have an influence on its activity.
The purpose of the research is to study the peculiarities of intergroup relations within the LGBT community.
Methodology, methods and techniques. Participants were 134 representatives of the LGBT community. The sample included 34 lesbians, 8 gays, 16 bisexuals, 27 transgender, 15 asexual people, 14 pansexual and 20 genderqueer or non-binary people. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the study. The respondents were asked to fill out a questionnaire including the following techniques: 1. Questionnaire “Components of social capital” by L. G. Pochebut; 2. Questionnaire “SEP” by L. G. Pochebut; 3. Questionnaire “The need for affiliation” by A. Mahrebian; 4. Questionnaire “Measuring trust” by R. B. Sho; 5. Open questions.
Results. When analyzing the data, the following significant intergroup differences were identified: indicators of “trust” and “goals and values” are lower among transgender people than lesbian, pansexual and genderqueer people. The level of trust among pansexual people is higher than in other groups. “Fear of social rejection” with asexual people is higher than with prosexual people, while the same indicator with asexual people is higher than “fear of social rejection” with lesbian, gay and pansexual people. Gays have lower “fear of social rejection” than transgender people. At the same time, the latter are less inclined to collectivism than cisgender. Lesbians are more prone to affective neutrality than gay and transgender people, while homosexual men are likely to be affective than other groups. Bisexual people are more prone to universalism than other groups.
Scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that intergroup relations in the LGBT community have not been previously investigated by Russian scientists.
Practical significance. To provide effective counselling being in great demand nowadays among LGBT people, it is necessary to understand community peculiarities and relations between groups.