bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Coupled Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Thermal System Design for Li-Ion Batteries With Metal Separators
Authors: Cui Xujian , Chen Siqi , Xiao Mi , Li Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Battery thermal management system (BTMS) has significant impacts on the performance of electric vehicles (EVs). In this research, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled multi-objective optimization framework is proposed to improve the thermal performance of the battery pack having metal separators. CFD is utilized to study the thermal and fluid dynamics performance of the designed battery pack. Input parameters include inlet air temperature, thermal conductivity of coolant, thermal conductivity of metal separator, and diameter of heat dissipation hole. Five vital output parameters are maximum temperature, average temperature, temperature standard deviation (TSD), maximum pressure, and volume of the pack. The support vector machine (SVM) model is used to replace the real output parameters of the battery pack. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the diameter of heat dissipation hole is the main factor affecting the volume of the structure and the pressure drop, while the inlet air temperature has significant influence on the battery pack thermal behavior. The cooling efficiency and the uniformity of temperature distribution are mainly determined by the inlet air temperature. The decrease of inlet air temperature could lead to a rise of temperature standard deviation. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is taken to acquire the optimum set of input parameters. The obtained optimal scheme of battery pack can improve the cooling efficiency as well as reducing the volume cost and the energy consumption of the cooling system while such design may result in a higher level of nonuniformity of the temperature and pressure distribution.
Improved Tribological Performance of Polydopamine/Polytetrafluoroethylene Thin Coatings With Silica Nanoparticles Incorporated into the Polydopamine Underlayer
Authors: Abe Adedoyin , Choudhury Dipankar , Zou Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a solid lubricant with low friction coefficient. However, it lacks durability as a thin coating. Prior studies have shown that a polydopamine (PDA) underlayer enhances the coating durability. In this study, 100, 200, and 300 µL of aqueous silica nanoparticle (NP) dispersions were added to a 15 mL PDA deposition solution. Stainless steel substrates were coated with PDA + silica in the mixed dispersions and then coated with PTFE layers to form thin PDA + silica/PTFE coatings. The coatings were tested in ball-on-flat linear reciprocating motion under dry contact conditions. The durability of the PDA/PTFE coating was improved by 70% when 100 µL of aqueous silica NP dispersion was added. The significant improvement in the durability was attributed to the increased adhesion of the PTFE coating to the PDA underlayer, the fragmented wear debris, and the enhanced counterface transfer film. These samples also showed enhanced resistance under linearly increasing load scratch testing with lower coefficient of friction (COF) and higher delamination resistance when compared to samples without silica.
SAPEP: An Interactive System for the Appropriation of Planning Strategies in the Fabrication of Axisymmetrical Parts
Authors: Hernández José T. , Rodríguez Marcela , Serrano Maria C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explains the system SAPEP: an interactive system for the appropriation of planning strategies in the fabrication of axisymmetrical parts. It obtains the solution to the fabrication problems with sub problem refinement using a feature-based representation not only for the final parts but for the manufacturing operations. The appropriation scheme is a process tracing variation that, by comparison with a “base strategy”, questions about the criteria used. The base strategy is structured by refinement criteria (Which sub-problem to refine, and How to do it), and choice criteria. The session output is the automatic history of the prototype and expert’s actions, improved with explanations.
Opportunistic Process Planning: A Knowledge Based Technique for CAPP Applications
Authors: Kruth Jean-Pierre , Detand Jan , Van Zeir Geert , Kempenaers Jan , Pinte Jos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Feature based Computer Automated Process Planning applications often suffer from exponential growth of the search space and thus CPU-time, with increasing complexity of a part. Opportunistic process planning can remedy this drawback. The approach consists of dividing the features into two sets : one set, called the important features, are used to generate a process plan; the other features, called non-important features, are added to the process plan afterwards. This generation method resembles much the reasoning pattern of a human process planner. The developments are carried out in the framework of the ongoing Esprit project 6805 COMPLAN. Other reasoning methods, used in the project and described in this paper, are : combined variant/generative planning, non linear process plans, Petri nets, and feature based reasoning.
Automatic Planning for 5-Axis Sculptured Surface Machining
Authors: Lee Yuan-Shin , Chang Tien-Chien 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In modern product design, sculptured surfaces are commonly used for functional and artistic shape design. Design of sculptured surfaces is evolutionary, consisting primarily of incremental changes to existing part surfaces. Manual operation planning for sculptured surface machining is known to be error-prone and inefficient, which requires considerable checking, verification, and rework. Five-axis machining has higher productivity and better machining quality than 3-axis machining. However, the programming for 5-axis machining is more difficult due to the complex simultaneous cutter movements along the machine’s five axes. This paper presents a systematic methodology to generate operation plans for 5-axis sculptured surface machining. A complete operation plan and the error-free cutter path can be automatically generated from the CAD part design. To achieve design for manufacturing of sculptured surface products, the machining unfeasibility information can be fed back to the designer for further design modification. Results of computer implementation and testing examples are also presented.
Structure to Function Mapping via Behaviour in Automated Mechanism Design
Authors: Vissikirsky Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents an approach to organization and use of mechanism design knowledge based on the concept of design prototype. A role of behaviour as a link between structure and function of mechanism is in the focus of consideration. Function can be interpreted as a set of qualitative features that the designer uses in the search for a solution. Dependency network as an explicit representation between these features and behaviour of structural variables, has been suggested to reduce solution space in redesign process. Some questions of coordination between design prototypes of different levels are also discussed.
Maximum Stress at Intersecting Bores of Pressurized Blocks
Authors: Garg Ajay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In high pressure applications, rectangular blocks of steel are used instead of cylinders as pressure vessels. Bores are drilled in these blocks for fluid flow. Intersecting bores with axes normal to each other and of almost equal diameters, produce stresses which can be many times higher than the internal pressure. Experimental results for the magnitude of maximum tensile stress along the intersection contour were available. A parametric finite element model simulated the experimental set up, followed by correlation between finite element analysis and experimental results. Finally, empirical methods are applied to generate models for the maximum tensile stress σ11 at cross bores of open and close ended blocks. Results from finite element analysis and empirical methods are further matched. Design optimization of cross bores is discussed.
Simulation of Two-Dimensional Turbulent Recirculating Flow Field Behind a V-Shaped Bluff Body
Authors: Gu Z. , Sharif M. A. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The two-dimensional turbulent recirculating flow fields behind a V-shaped bluff body have been investigated numerically. Similar bluff bodies are used in combustion chambers for flame stabilization. The governing transport equations in conservative form are solved by a pressure based predictor-corrector method. The standard k-ϵ turbulence closure model and a boundary fitted multi-block curvilinear grid system are used in the computation. The code is validated against turbulent flow over a backward facing step problem. The predicted flow field behind the bluff body is also compared with experiment. It is found that while the qualitative features of the flow are well predicted, there is quantitative disagreement between the measurement and prediction. This disagreement can be partially attributed to the k-ϵ turbulence model which is known to be inadequate for recirculating flows. Parametric investigation of the flow field by varying the shape and size of the bluff body is also performed and the results are reported.
Linking Expert Group Technology With Parametric Design
Authors: Lee Joon Seok , Chang Kang J. , Lichten Larry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Expert systems can be integrated with databases and CAD/CAM systems using group technology (GT). By using information in a database, geometric features of parts can be specified by GT codes, and CAD models can be generated automatically using parameterized generic templates. This paper describes a microcomputer-based prototype implementation that merges database, expert, and CAD systems in order to perform GT classification and create CAD models with minimal manual intervention.
Design of Tolerances for Quality
Authors: Feng Chang-Xue , Kusiak Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Design of a product (process) includes system design, parameter design, and tolerance design. Robust design is closely applicable to parameter design and tolerance design. The current literature on robust design is focused on parameter design while little attention has been paid to tolerance design. The current literature on tolerance design has focused on the use of optimization to minimize cost while little attention has been paid to minimizing manufacturing variations. This paper attempts to apply a robust design method, the design of experiments (DOE) approach, in tolerance synthesis to minimize manufacturing variations in the probabilistic case. Both, the manufacturing cost and the number of manufacturing defects are minimized in robust tolerance design. A solution procedure is proposed to apply the DOE approach to probabilistic tolerance design. The procedure is illustrated with an example. Special applications of the DOE approach to tolerance design are discussed. A brief comparison of the DOE approach with optimization, Taguchi methods, and zero defect design is presented.
A Hierarchy of Oct-Sphere Model and its Application in Collision Detection
Authors: Yang Heming , Zhang Xinfang , Zhou Ji , Yu Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Collision and interference detection among 3-D moving objects is an important issue in the simulation of their behavior. This paper presents a new model for representing 3-D objects and a corresponding effective algorithm for detecting collisions and interferences among moving objects. Objects can be represented for efficient collision and interference detection by a hierarchy of oct - sphere model (HOSM). Algorithms are given for building the HOSM and for detecting collisions and interferences between moving objects. On the basis of HOSM, the algorithm checks only intersections between the nodes of the models which are on the surfaces of the objects. Furthermore, because a node of HOSM represents a spherical region, the collision between the two nodes can be easily found just by calculating the distance between the centers of the two spheres corresponding to them no matter how the objects move. Finally, we discuss the efficiency of the algorithm through an example.
A Multibody/Finite Element Analysis Approach for Modeling of Crash Dynamic Responses
Authors: Ma Deren , Lankarani Hamid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Computer models of the human body are robust tools for gaining insight into the gross motion of ground vehicle or aircraft occupants and evaluating the loads and deformations of their critical parts. The knowledge of occupant responses will help in the determination of the type and probable causes of injuries that may be sustained during a crash. One important aspect in crash analysis is how the large motion of the relatively rigid segments of an occupant, such as the limbs, and the small deformations of flexible segments, such as the spine column, are inter-related. To this end, a general methodology for kineto-static analysis of multibody systems with flexible structures undergoing large motion and complicated structural deformations is developed. Rigid multibody dynamics is used to predict the gross motions and displacements at the boundaries. Finite element analysis is then performed to determine the corresponding loads and deformations of the entire structure. Based on this methodology, a multibody model of the occupant with a finite element model of the lumbar spine is developed for a Hybrid II (Part 572) anthropomorphic test dummy. The analytical results obtained from the code are correlated with the experimental results from the impact sled tests. Comparison of the results has shown much closer match between the analyses and the experiments.
The Development, Dynamic Simulation and Verification of a Half-Vehicle Model for Durability Testing
Authors: Belfiore D. A. , Gilmore B. J. , Wambold J. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Accelerated life testing analysis for transit buses requires a dynamic simulation model using road profiles as excitation inputs. This paper presents the modeling and parameter estimation required to conduct such a dynamic simulation of a small bus. The simulation preclude the necessity of measuring actual vehicle response traversing portions of selected roads. The results from the simulation correlate well with actual results in both magnitude and frequency distribution and thus, may be used for accelerated life test purposes.
Motion Interpolation Using Dynamics
Authors: Loduha T. A. , Ravani B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present a method for dynamically interpolating the motion of a rigid body in space between known end-positions. We begin by creating an image space representation of the equations of motion for a rigid body. These equations are written as a system of first-order state equations whose trajectory is optimized based on the minimization of a certain performance index. This leads to a set of boundary-value equations between the end positions, which when solved give the interpolated motion. Finally, a program developed to perform such interpolations numerically is utilized by generating a trajectory between given terminal states.
Motion Interpolation With G2 Composite Bézier Motions
Authors: Ge Q. J. , Kang Donglai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with smooth motion interpolation. Recently, a direct construction algorithm was developed for designing piecewise parametric motions with second order geometric continuity (G2). The present paper provides a refined version of the G2 spline algorithm and shows how the G2 spline motion can be used to fulfill the task of motion interpolation by solving the problem of inverse design for the G2 spline motion. The results are useful for computer aided motion animation, and Cartesian trajectory generation for CNC machines and robot manipulators.
Robust Design by Tolerance Allocation Considering Quality and Manufacturing Cost
Authors: Söderberg Rikard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Involving customer values in the design process is necessary to improve the total quality of a product. The purpose of this work is to establish a theoretical base for tolerance allocation which allows both quality and manufacturing cost to be considered. The paper addresses functional tolerance chains, i.e. tolerance chains that involve a dimension important for the function of the product or component. The total loss to customer is determined as the sum of two tolerance dependent properties; the functionality loss and the component price. The functionality loss represents the customer’s economical loss due to poor functionality. The optimal tolerance limits are found by minimizing the total loss to customer. These are the limits that represent the best trade-off between cost and quality, from the customer’s point of view.
This work specially emphasizes a method for treating asymmetrical functionality loss, i.e. when the design is more sensitive to a deviation of a critical parameter in one direction than in the other. By moving the manufacturing target in a direction away from the most sensitive part, the total loss to customer can be reduced. This paper describes how the optimal manufacturing target and corresponding symmetrical tolerance band are found. This method thus increases the robustness of the design.
The method may be used for single tolerances or any resulting tolerance of a tolerance chain.
The Tolerance Optimization Problem Using a System of Experimental Design
Authors: Gadallah M. H. , ElMaraghy H. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new algorithm for manufacturing tolerance synthesis is proposed. In complex mechanical assemblies, most tolerance analysis and synthesis methods tend to be impractical. In this article, a methodology is proposed to minimize manufacturing cost by tightening important dimensional and/or geometrical tolerances. Analysis of variance and experimental design techniques are used to discriminate among various design dimensions to the overall functional requirement of the mechanical assembly. In this case, some, but not all, design dimensions will be controlled. This paper reviews the state-of-the art in the area of tolerance analysis and synthesis and highlights the contribution of this work.
Triangulation Algorithm Based on Narrow Polygon Zone for Trimmed Parametric Surface
Authors: Gao Sande , Wang Qifu , Zhou Ji , Yu Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to improving the triangulation of surfaces near intersection curves, i. e. “trim” regions. The main idea is based on constructing narrow polygons around trimming curves. The algorithm consists of: (1) Description of trimmed surface, (2) Reconstruction of intersection curve of surfaces, (3) Adaptive subdivision of the surface, (4) Construction of the narrow polygon zone, (5) Triangulation of the narrow polygon zone, (6) Reconstruction of topological relations.
Shape Optimal Design of Structures Based on Recent Developments of the Boundary Element Method
Authors: Portela A. , Mota Soares C. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the numerical implementation of the boundary element method for shape optimal design of two-dimensional linear elastic structures. The design objective is to minimize the structural compliance, subject to an area constraint. Sensitivities of objective and constraint functions, derived by means of Lagrangean approach and the material derivative concept with an adjoint variable technique, are computed through analytical expressions that arise from optimality conditions. The boundary element method, used for the discretization of the state problem, applies the stress boundary integral equation for collocation on the design boundary and the displacement boundary integral equation for collocation on other boundaries. The use of the stress boundary integral equation, discretized with discontinuous quadratic elements, allows an efficient and accurate computation of stresses on the design boundary. This discretization strategy not only automatically satisfies the necessary conditions for the existence of the finite-part integrals, which occur naturally in the stress boundary integral equation, but also circumvents the problem of collocation at kinks and corners. The perturbation field is described with linear continuous elements, in which the position of each node is defined by a design variable. Continuity along the design boundary is assured by forcing the end points of each discontinuous boundary element to be coincident with a design node.
The optimization problem is solved by the modified method of feasible directions available in the program ADS. Examples of a plate with a hole are analyzed with the present method, for different loading conditions. The accuracy and efficiency of the implementation described herein make this formulation ideal for the study of shape optimal design of structures.
On Modeling Multiple Objectives and Multi-Level Decisions in Concurrent Design
Authors: Mistree Farrokh , Patel Bharat , Vadde Srinivas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modeling of multiple objectives in a decision and multilevel decisions are important in decision-based concurrent design. In this paper we address these twin issues in the context of a rotating disk. The initial mathematical description, referred to as the baseline model, of the rotating disk is independent of the strategies of modeling and solution, applied to it. Once the baseline model is established, it is modeled using two design strategies with different philosophical underpinnings, namely, one based on the notion of a unique optimum and the other on the notion of satisficing solutions. Our desire in writing this paper is to foster discussion rather than offering a prescription for solution.
On the Prediction of Extremal Material Properties and Optimal Material Distribution for Multiple Loading Conditions
Authors: Bendsøe Martin P. , Díaz Alejandro R. , Lipton Robert , Taylor John E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes some recent developments that treats the simultaneous optimization of material and structure for minimum compliance. The basic idea is to represent the material properties for a linear elastic continuum in the most general form possible namely as the unrestricted set of elements of positive semi-definite constitutive tensors. The cost of resource is measured through certain invariants of the tensors, here the 2-norm or the trace of the tensors. The advantage of this general formulation is that analytical forms for the optimized material properties can be derived and that effective methods for computational solution can be devised for the resulting reduced structural optimization problem.
Applying Axiomatic Design to Interface Analysis in Modular Product Development
Authors: Hillström Fredrik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modular products fulfil various overall functions through the combination of distinct building blocks or modules. This paper outlines a method that helps the designer clarify how interfaces between modules influence module functions, and select the best interface location. The method utilizes Suh’s axiomatic design theory together with conventional DFMA tools (Design For Manufacture and Assembly). In this approach, the information contained in the functional and physical hierarchies is utilized to clarify the interface/function interaction. DFMA tools are used to obtain a measure of the information content or complexity of each interface.
Furthermore, a product-modelling tool designed to support these activities (and axiomatic design in general) is discussed. An example that illustrates the use of the method is provided.