bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of a two prey and one predator system with switching effect
Authors: Saha Sangeeta , Samanta Guruprasad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Prey switching strategy is adopted by a predator when they are provided with more than one prey and predator prefers to consume one prey over others. Though switching may occur due to various reasons such as scarcity of preferable prey or risk in hunting the abundant prey. In this work, we have proposed a prey-predator system with a particular type of switching functional response where a predator feeds on two types of prey but it switches from one prey to another when a particular prey population becomes lower. The ratio of consumption becomes significantly higher in the presence of prey switching for an increasing ratio of prey population which satisfies Murdoch’s condition [15]. The analysis reveals that two prey species can coexist as a stable state in absence of predator but a single prey-predator situation cannot be a steady state. Moreover, all the population can coexist only under certain restrictions. We get bistability for a certain range of predation rate for first prey population. Moreover, varying the mortality rate of the predator, an oscillating system can be obtained through Hopf bifurcation. Also, the predation rate for the first prey can turn a steady-state into an oscillating system. Except for Hopf bifurcation, some other local bifurcations also have been studied here. The figures in the numerical simulation have depicted that, if there is a lesser number of one prey present in a system, then with time, switching to the other prey, in fact, increases the predator population significantly.
Control of TITO processes using sliding mode controller tuned by ITAE minimizing criterion based Nelder-Mead algorithm
Authors: Kumar E Govinda , J Arunshankar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Control of multi input and multi output (MIMO) process with interaction is often encountered in process industry. Such MIMO processes are controlled using conventional sliding mode controller (SMC) and tuned by integral square error (ISE) minimizing criterion based Nelder-Mead algorithm. SMC tuned by integral time absolute error (ITAE) minimization criterion based Nelder-Mead algorithm is proposed in this work. Three categories of two inputs and two outputs (TITO) process models are represented in the matrix form, with each of the matrix element representing a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) process. These TITO models are categorized based on the ratio ε, between dead time and time constant of the FOPDT model which forms the matrix element of the TITO model. The performance of conventional SMC is evaluated for these three categories of TITO models, in which the TITO process models with the ratio ε greater than the one, exhibited by poor closed loop performance, whereas the proposed SMC when applied to the these process models delivered superior closed loop performance.
A statistical study of COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt
Authors: Radwan Taha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 started in Wuhan on December 31, 2019, and a powerful outbreak of the disease occurred there. According to the latest data, more than 165 million cases of COVID-19 infection have been detected in the world (last update May 19, 2021). In this paper, we propose a statistical study of COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. This study will help us to understand and study the evolution of this pandemic. Moreover, documenting of accurate data and taken policies in Egypt can help other countries to deal with this epidemic, and it will also be useful in the event that other similar viruses emerge in the future. We will apply a widely used model in order to predict the number of COVID-19 cases in the coming period, which is the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. This model depicts the present behaviour of variables through linear relationship with their past values. The expected results will enable us to provide appropriate advice to decision-makers in Egypt on how to deal with this epidemic.
LCBRG: A lane-level road cluster mining algorithm with bidirectional region growing
Authors: Gong Xianyong , Wu Fang , Xing Ruixing , Du Jiawei , Liu Chengyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Lane-level road cluster is a most representative phenomenon in road networks and is vital to spatial data mining, cartographic generalization, and data integration. In this article, a lane-level road cluster recognition method was proposed. First, the conception of lane-level road cluster and our motivation were addressed and the spatial characteristics were given. Second, a region growing cluster algorithm was defined to recognize lane-level road clusters, where constraints including distance and orientation were used. A novel moving distance (MD) metric was proposed to measure the distance of two lines, which can effectively handle the non-uniformly distributed vertexes, heterogeneous length, inharmonious spatial alignment, and complex shape. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively recognize lane-level road clusters with the agreement to human spatial cognition.
Elevated levels of neopterin and pentraxin 3 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ekin Sabri , Sivrikaya Abdullah , Akdağ Turan , Yilmaz Sema , Gülcemal Semral 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
As a systemic inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis in the population and there is no specific diagnostic marker in laboratory tests. The purpose of the study was to determine whether serum neopterin and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels may be a marker of increased inflammation in RA patients.

Materials and methods
The study were consist of 30 RA patients and 30 healthy controls who were admitted to the department of rheumatology. Blood specimens were taken from both group, and the levels of neopterin were analyzed by chromatography method (HPLC) and the PTX 3 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All data and demographic characteristics of participants were also recorded.

Results
Serum neopterin and PTX 3 levels of the patient group (25.99 ± 7.24 ng/mL and 4.19 ± 1.01 ng/dL, respectively) was higher than the control group (9.55 ± 0.74 ng/mL and 2.23 ± 0.39 ng/dL, respectively). These results were remarkable significant (p<0.01). No statistically significant correlation was found between age-PTX 3, age-neopterin and PTX 3-neopterin parameters in the patient group. In the control group, a significant negative correlation was found between age and PTX 3 (p<0.05), and a positive correlation between neopterin and PTX 3.

Conclusions
Consequently, the serum neopterin and PTX 3 levels were higher in RA patients as compared to the healthy individuals. Our study suggest that there is a relation between neopterin and PTX 3 levels with RA patients. These findings suggest that neopterin and PTX 3 are important markers in the monitoring of RA disease.
Detection of symmetrical fault and discrimination from power swing using MOPSVC approach
Authors: Andanapalli Kumarraja , Biswal Monalisa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Distance relay are designed with swing blocking/tripping logic to maintain reliable and secure operation of power system. To prevent this from happening, the relay is functioned with a power swing blocking (PSB) logic. However, ensuring proper detection to swing event requires to overcome from the dependable situation such as three-phase fault. The relay refuses to behave normally if both swing and three-phase fault occur simultaneously. Reliable setting is essential to generate trip/block command. Unsymmetrical faults are easily detected during the swing condition due to the presence of negative and zero sequence components, but such components are absent in the case of symmetrical/three-phase fault. As a result, symmetrical fault under blocking condition is unidentified many a times by the distance relay, arising security issues. To improve the relay operation during swing and symmetrical fault conditions, a MOPSVC (multiplication of positive sequence voltage and current) based index is developed in this work. The MOPSVC index helps to discern power swing from three-phase fault. To test the efficacy of the method, a 230 kV, 50 Hz two-area four machine system, and Indian Eastern Regional Grid (IERG) network are considered. Simulation task is conducted using EMTDC/PSCAD software. To investigate the performance of the proposed method, various swing phenomena, faults, CT saturation, switching transients, and the presence of noise cases are considered, and the results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Responses under stressed power system conditions are also investigated, and a report on comparisons with existing methods is provided. Simulated results confirm that the proposed algorithm can balance the dependability and security aspects of the protection logic.
Effect of Jyoti-Trataka on intraocular pressure, autonomic control, and blood glucose in diabetic patients with high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Ismail Ali Mohamed Ali , Abd Elfatah Abo Saif Hatem Fawzy , El-Moatasem Mohamed Alaa Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Yoga is used as a complementary therapy to control the symptomatic and complicated consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but the effect of Jyoti-Trataka yoga (gazing steadily at a 4-feet away-fixed candle flame) on the intraocular pressure (IOP), autonomic control, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in T2DM patients with high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was not previously investigated. This study aimed to search the effect of Jyoti-Trataka on IOP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), FBG, and pulse rate (PR) in T2DM patients with bilateral high-tension POAG.

Methods
The patients with a 52- to 67-year range and body mass index below 30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to one of two 30-patient groups, study or control groups. Besides the administered oral hypoglycemic drugs by both groups, the study group only received one month of daily 55-min Jyoti-Trataka session.

Results
A significant decrease (p<0.05) was identified after the comparison between the pre and post SBP, RR, DBP, FBG, IOP of both eyes, and PR in the study group while the control group exhibited no significant changes of all measures (p>0.05). In-favor-of the study group, the between-group post-treatment comparison showed a significant improvement of all measures (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Jyoti-Trataka is a good yogic complementary therapy that can be used to regulate autonomic functions, blood glucose, and IOP in T2DM patients with high-tension POAG.
Application of portrait recognition system for emergency evacuation in mass emergencies
Authors: Xu Ke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A portrait recognition system can play an important role in emergency evacuation in mass emergencies. This paper designed a portrait recognition system, analyzed the overall structure of the system and the method of image preprocessing, and used the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) algorithm for portrait detection. It also designed an improved algorithm combining principal component analysis (PCA) with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for portrait recognition and tested the system by applying it in a shopping mall to collect and monitor the portrait and establish a data set. The results showed that the missing detection rate and false detection rate of the SSD algorithm were 0.78 and 2.89%, respectively, which were lower than those of the AdaBoost algorithm. Comparisons with PCA, LDA, and PCA + LDA algorithms demonstrated that the recognition rate of the improved PCA + LDA algorithm was the highest, which was 95.8%, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was the largest, and the recognition time was the shortest, which was 465 ms. The experimental results show that the improved PCA + LDA algorithm is reliable in portrait recognition and can be used for emergency evacuation in mass emergencies.
Coastal marine gravity modelling from satellite altimetry – case study in the Mediterranean
Authors: Abulaitijiang Adili , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Barzaghi Riccardo , Knudsen Per 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The coastal marine gravity field is not well modelled due to poor data coverage. Recent satellite altimeters provide reliable altimetry observations near the coast, filling the gaps between the open ocean and land. We show the potential of recent satellite altimetry for the coastal marine gravity modelling using the least squares collocation technique. Gravity prediction error near the coast is better than 4 mGal. The modelled gravity anomalies are validated with sparse shipborne gravimetric measurements. We obtained 4.86 mGal precision when using the altimetry data with the best coastal coverage and retracked with narrow primary peak retracker. The predicted gravity field is an enhancement to EGM2008 over the coastal regions. The potential improvement in alti- metric marine gravity will be beneficial for the next generation of EGM development.
Informal Sector Taxation and Enforcement in African Countries: How plausible and achievable are the motives behind? A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Mpofu Favourate Y Sebele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Taxation is a fundamental tool for revenue generation, economy building and sustainability, reducing market externalities, regulating trade, stimulating representation and achieving tax justice as well as building state accountability and responsiveness. The informal sector in developing countries has been considered a hindrance to effective domestic revenue mobilisation, hence the rejuvenated focus to bring the sector into the tax baskets. Through a critical literature review, this study sought to identify the varying motivations tabled by the various stakeholders (policymakers, scholars and tax administrators) in literature on the need to administer tax on this sector and to strengthen enforcement and to evaluate the plausibility of these motives critically. Literature search was done through Google scholar and this was also aided by snowballing. The motives were aggregated into five major groups: the magnitude of the sector and revenue implications, growth motive, the governance gains, equity considerations and the boosting of tax morale and compliance in the formal sector. This study, therefore, conducted a profound evaluative analysis of literature on these motivations, pinpointing any voids that future research could address and accordingly sought to contribute to the guidance offered to policymakers on how to improve IS taxation. In order to balance the mobilisation of revenue needs and the sector’s contribution to other government objectives such as those outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Goals 1, 8 and 10 on poverty, decent work and economic growth, and reduced inequalities, governments and policymakers need to make an informed analysis.
Handwritten culture through digital native eyes: student participation in the digital fragmentology project Textus invisibilis
Authors: Molinari Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present paper addresses the issue of how interest-driven learning can enhance an attitude of student-generated inquiry in the learning process so to promote student participation in university research projects. The research question is how wonder as an epistemic emotion may sustain students’ interest-generated questioning, and how the latter may influence the design of a university research project. As a case-study, the paper describes a laboratory on palaeography which took place in Spring 2019 at an Italian State Archive within a University bachelor program in the context of a digital fragmentology project. To design the laboratory and establish qualitative analysis methods for its data, an interdisciplinary educational approach was designed that combines interest-driven learning, emotion theory, value theory, hermeneutics, and User Experience, on the background of Ernst Cassirer’s view of a human being as an animal symbolicum. In the laboratory, the students’ questions and hypotheses arising from their interaction with historical scripts and Medieval handwriting culture are helping redesign some aspects of the research project Textus invisibilis both on the level of the research design and of the team composition, as well as pointing to a novel relevance of state archives and historical libraries in higher education.
A Novel Method for RFID Reading Performance Measurement Based on the Effects of Exposure to Salt Mist
Authors: Yu Xiaolei , Ding Cheng , Zhu Zhuo , Liu Zhenlu , Li Lin , Zhao Zhimin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that salt mist seriously affects the reading performance of radio frequency identification (R FID) tags, the salt mist effects on the performance of RFID tags are researched through simulation and measurement. The reading range of RFID tags in the salt mist environment is reduced because the boundary conditions of the test chamber reduce the antenna efficiency and gain. As the concentration of the salt mist in the test chamber increases, the environmental conductivity in the test chamber increases, and the RFID reading distance of the tag decreases. In this paper, a theoretical formula is proposed for calculating RFID reading distance in salt mist environment. Besides, RFID dynamic identification based on the salt mist environment platform is designed. Corresponding functions are obtained by fitting the experimental data. This function establishes the relationship between salt mist concentration and the RFID reading distance. The experiment shows this theoretical formula is feasible, and the system has high practicability. At the same time, the system shows that the reading distance decreases as long as the concentration of the salt mist increases.
Development of Injectable Water-Stop for Grouting in Underground Concrete Structure Joint
Authors: Bae Abraham , Jung Eunyoung , Seo Bogsun , Jae Lee Sun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the case of water leakage at the diaphragm wall concrete panel joint, secondary grouting is usually conducted from outside of the structure after construction, but the remedial treatment requires high costs and time because of the uncertainty of the leakage location. The idea of this study is to incorporate the grouting hose into the conventional water-stop installed at the construction joint, and thus, grouting can be effectively performed. A state of the practice of water-stop, inside which grouting material can be injected, was designed and manufactured. Accordingly, an injection methodology was developed. The original geometry of the commercial water-stop was not changed, and the existing center hole was selectively renovated as an injecting tube. Micro-opening on the tube surface was optimized as a slit shape for discharging grouting material. The injection system and methodology were suitably created to fit to this product. Injection performances were verified with various experiments for pure water, microcement, modified acryl, and polymer urethane. Real-scale vertical injection experiments at 15 m of height proved that the developed water-stop can be applicable for commercial grouting materials within 30 minutes. A workable threshold viscosity of grouting material would be estimated to be 200 cP. Workable injection pressures are recommended after both actual injection tests and numerical analysis; 2–5 bar for materials with low viscousness, such as microcement and modified acryl, and 5–8 bar for high-viscous materials, such as polymer urethane. An injection test at concrete joints successfully demonstrated grouting performance. Long-term waterproofing capability was proved against continuous 5–bar application, representing 50 m of water pressure for a consecutive 15 months.
A Contribution of the Analysis of the Road Macrotexture and Microtexture Roles vis-à-vis Skid Resistance
Authors: Kane Malal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Skid resistance of roads enables drivers to shorten their stopping distances and to follow their desired trajectories on curves, too. The road texture remains the principal parameter governing skid resistance, especially in wet conditions. That texture is composed of a multitude of wavelengths with the microtexture and macrotexture considered to be the most important vis-à-vis to skid resistance. The present work contributes to the numerous analyses of the role of these two texture scales, as many authors have done before. It is based on the physical separation of these two scales of textures using an empirical mode decomposition and systematic identification of their roles on skid resistance using a dynamic friction model. The results found in this present work consolidate well the findings of previous works. Indeed, they show that the higher the microtexture is, the better the skid resistance will be at low speeds. Furthermore, the higher macrotexture is, the better the skid resistance is at high speed. These results have led to the proposal of algebraic relations linking skid resistance to microtexture and macrotexture at all speeds, constituting then a clear step forward compared to previous works.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA LIFT THE FLAP BOOK MATERI MENULIS KALIMAT EFEKTIF
Authors: Sari Indria Prawita 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahya keterampilan siswa dalam menulis kalimat efektif. Hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media lift the flap book untuk siswa kelas III SD yakni, menghasilkan media lift the flap book, menguji kelayakan media lift the flap book, dan menguji keefektifan media lift the flap book. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Develompent (R&D). Hasil uji kelayakan lift the flap book yaitu dari ahli media sebesar 97,7% dan ahli materi sebesar 90,9%. Media lift the flap book efektif digunakan sesuai hasil uji t menunjukkan -t hitung< -t tabel ( -5,67 < -1,68 ), maka Ho ditolak dan uji N-Gain pretest dan posttest diperoleh sebesar 0,45 dengan kriteria sedang. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah media yang dikembangkan sangat layak dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran serta dapat meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis kalimat efektif.
This research was motivated by the poor skills of students in writing effective sentences. This occured due to the lack of innovative learning media in Bahasa Indonesia subject. This study aimed to develop lift the flap book media for the third grade students, namely, to produce lift the flap book media, to test the viability and the effectiveness of lift the flap book media. The research method used Research and Development (R&D). The result of the lift the flap book viability test from media experts by 97.7% and from content experts by 90.9%. The media lift the flap book was effectively used according to the results of the t test showing -t count <-t table (-5.67 <-1.68), so Ho was rejected and the N-Gain test on pretest and posttest obtained a value of 0.45 with moderate criteria . The conclusion of this research is that the media developed was very viable and effective in learning and can improve students' skills in writing effective sentences.