bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the tube piercing process types in terms of final product properties
Authors: Darki Saeed , Raskatov Evgeniy Yurevich 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rotary tube piercing (RTP) is the first process of making seamless tube after producing the desired alloy ingot. There are several ways to make a seamless tube, one of the most common being RTP. This approach covers a wide range of processes that are categorized according to the number and shape of the rollers. On the other hand, each of these types has designed guides in the output and input of the piercing process. In this article, a new design of input and output guide for all types of rollers have been examined and simulated. Thus, three specimens including Diescher and Conical rollers were considered with 3 and 2 numbers, respectively. Results including torque, total force, temperature distribution and strain were extracted using FEM simulation. The results obtained through simulation are more in line with the experimental results obtained from previous research. While showing the successful performance of the output and input guides of the RTP process, the results indicate that the 3-roller Diescher type RTP has the most suitable arrangement for seamless tube production.
Automation of Life Data Analysis Processes
Authors: Krämer Jonathan , Thiele Gregor , Johanni Theresa , Krüger Jörg 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Life data analysis is an effective statistical process to gain information on the reliability of technical facilities. The Weibull analysis is a widely-used method for modeling the probabilities of different functional failures. For its application in modern manufacturing and maintenance processes, an automation of this analysis is expedient. An exemplary process of data collection and fitting of a parametric model with continuous time scale is analyzed in this article. Its automation with different statistic software tools is described and comparatively evaluated. With the ambition of minimizing manual effort in the process, a highly automated solution was developed in this research. We describe this self-implemented solution in “R” and justify that this procedure automatizes the process more than the examined commercial implementations. The here presented work proves to be a practical real-time assistance, right now applied in aircraft maintenance.
Simulation based Performance Analysis of Production Intralogistics
Authors: Golova Jelena , Mahmood Kashif , Raamets Tõnis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Production planning and scheduling rely heavily on the efficient operations of production logistics and material handling equipment. Industry 4.0 technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Digital Twins, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be applied to production logistics in terms of autonomous mobile robots that facilitate to increase the flexibility and productivity of the whole production site. However, before the implementation of an automated production logistics systems, its feasibility must be analysed. This paper describes a simulation-based approach, including the definition of and comparative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), to analyse the performance of production intralogistics applied to a selected use case. The presented approach offers a proof of concept on the basis of which decision-makers can implement mobile robots for intralogistics in their own production environments.
Numerical study on the effect of geometry on mechanical behavior of triply periodic minimal surfaces
Authors: Rezapourian Mansoureh , Kamboj Nikhil , Hussainova Irina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metallic cellular structures with triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) is a great approach to enhance multifunctionality for several engineering disciplines. In the present study, we aimed to generate metal-based Neovious, Schoen I-WP and Schwarz Primitive structures, leveraging on TPMS based design methods. Neovious, Schoen I-WP and Schwarz Primitive structures are mathematically formulated. Geometric factors like wall thickness, number of cells and the length of unit cell can affect the mechanical response namely elastic modulus and compressive strength. Herein, Neovious, I-WP and Primitive based materials are fabricated through Selective Laser Melting (SLM) to evaluate the difference between the aforementioned geometrical factors both experimentally and through simulations. The Taguchi method was implemented to explore the effect of geometric factors on structural response. These results were further extended to the structures to optimize the elastic modulus and compressive strength.
Risk Assessment and Calibration of Risk Matrices Aspects
Authors: Sivitski A , Põodra P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Modern quality management systems, including ISO 9001 standard based, are widely used by companies. Availability of ISO 9001 certificate and quality management system, that runs like well-lubricated machine, gives the company the tool to concentrate on customer needs, to keep the high quality standard of all processes in the company, to collaborate with reliable partners and as a result to offer the high quality products and services. There is a tendency that management systems are becoming more risk thinking based and refer to risk management standard ISO 31000. Risk management standard stands for managing risks with consequences related to safety, economic performance, environmental and other outcomes thus support company continuous improvement.
For machine industry risk assessment is crucial as this is a part of CE marking documentation. According to EU legislation, to sell the machinery within European Economic Area, CE marking of machines showing the machine correspondance to Machinery directive requirements is mandatory. Risk assessment in machine industry is applied for evaluation of the risks associated with corresponding hazards to guarantee the safety of design, production process and machinery produced. Risk assessment is conducted to evaluate machine design, exploitation or manufacturing process risks. For production process risk estimation the risk levels of subprocesses should be considered.
There are no available risk assessment industry standards. Risk matrices developed by companies are used to analyse and estimate risks for correct decision making and risk reduction. Unfortunately faulty risk matrices cause difficulties during risk estimation process and lead to inappropriate safety measures application. Risk matrices use numerical values and consider minimally hazardous event severity and probability of hazardous event levels. Numerical values of risk levels are listed in the risk matrices during risk assessment. Unfortunately calibration information with defined numerical risk tolerance criteria is often missing. Miscalibrated risk matrices lead to critically wrong decisions on risk elimination issues. This paper describes the aspects of risk matrices calibration and highlights the importance of risk tolerance definition applied during risk assessment.
Investigation of technological factors influencing the strength of bonded Al – alloy
Authors: Reneckis Vainius , Vilutis Almontas , Jankauskas Vytenis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adhesive bonding makes up a significant part of rigid joints of machine elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination effect of moisture and oil on the bond strength of aluminium alloy 2024 T3 bonded by film and liquid adhesives using mechanical and chemical surface preparation methods. Two types of joints were used: homogeneous (Al-Al) and heterogeneous (Al-GFRP) ones. Surface preparation highly increased surface roughness Ra. The surfaces were moistened with deionized water and mineral oil and glued after a constrained time delay (outlife). Tensile shear strength tests of the joints showed higher strength of the chemically prepared surfaces by gluing with film adhesive. Contrarily mechanically prepared surfaces were stronger with liquid adhesive. Film adhesive seemed less sensitive to surface contamination in general.
Alloying of TiC-FeCr cermet in manganese vapor
Authors: Kolnes M , Tarraste M , Kübarsepp J , Juhani K , Viljus M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Conventional vacuum sintering is not suitable for producing manganese containing cermets because of the physical-chemical properties of manganese, high vapor pressure, combined with high sintering temperature of cermets (1400-1600 °C). Sintering in Mn-rich microatmosphere does not only prevent Mn loss, but also enables additional in-situ alloying of the binder phase during sintering. We studied alloying of TiC-based cermet bonded with high chromium steel during sintering in Mn-rich atmosphere. Sintering in manganese vapor was found to increase sinterability of the TiC-FeCr cermet, resulting in the formation of ∼1 mm thick Mn-rich surface layer with homogeneous microstructure while the core region of the material remained unaffected. This core region exhibited highly increased Mn content and competitive mechanical properties – hardness of ∼1200 HV30 and indentation fracture toughness of ∼13 MPa*m1/2. In addition, an unusual ε-type martensitic phase was observed in the surface layer.
Analysis of power losses in catenary wires in AC electric traction power supply systems when installing a device for shunt compensation of reactive power
Authors: Agunov A V , Komissarov A D , Seronosov V V , Sokolov D A , Stepanskaya O A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research is aimed at studying the catenary wires power losses change by transverse capacitive compensation with considering the movement of trains on the intersubstation zone. Calculations instantaneous and average catenary wires power losses while passing through the intersubstation zone one train and two successive trains are presented in this article. Losses are determined for two cases: when installed compensating device and in its absence. The values of the differences of these losses are founded. The computer simulation in MATLAB-Simulink software was implemented. According to the results of calculations graphs were built, illustrating the change of catenary wires power losses while moving trains on the intersubstation zone when installed compensating device and without it, as well as the differences between the said losses. Average values of catenary wires power losses were determined by integrating these functions and their comparison is carried out. Calculations have shown that by selecting compensating device power by the average reactive power consumed by a train, its intersubstation zone passage with constant current causes the same average catenary wires power losses as in the absence of the compensating device. Increasing the number of trains, simultaneously located on the intersubstation zone at the same compensating device power, entails a reduction of catenary wires power losses with respect to a similar situation without the compensating device, but at the same time reactive power is compensated only partially.
Features and prospects of development of transit container transportation on the Northern sea route
Authors: Yudnikova E S , Bedashov N M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to the congestion of the main transit container corridors, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative container lines. This trend prompted us to conduct a study of an alternative sea corridor to the Suez Canal. In this paper, we have considered the features and prospects for the development of transit container transportation along the Northern Sea Route. We analyzed many factors that influenced the complexity of transportation by the Northern Sea route, such as severe weather conditions, undeveloped infrastructure, and others. We studied the geography of the Northern Sea Route, the natural conditions along its entire length, and identified the main ports along the route. We conducted a comparative analysis between the Northern Sea Route and its main competitor, the Suez Canal. We found out that there are prospects for the development of the Northern Sea Route and its economic benefits over competitors. We were convinced that the Northern Sea Route is a strategically important project for Russia. We reviewed the transport strategy for the development of the Northern Sea Route until 2030. They presented forecasts for the development of the Northern Sea Route. They gave an example of an experimental flight of a Maersk vessel passing along the Northern Sea Route. Based on our research, we were able to make forecasts for the development of transit container traffic along the Northern Sea Route.
Scheduling of construction works in the formation of technological processes of railway construction using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Polyanskiy A V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to solving the task of scheduling construction works in the formation of technological processes of railway construction by the method of evolutionary modeling. Scheduling of construction works is the task of optimizing the amount of subcontracting involved to ensure maximum utilization of the construction contractor’s own resources. The purpose of the task was to determine the sequence of work during the construction of railway track objects (roadbed, upper structure of the track, culverts). The solution of the task required taking into account project limitations: resource, technological, and information. The specifics of the activities of construction contractors and subcontractors required taking into account the time limit that set the time interval: early and late start of construction work. The set of restrictions and the dimension of the task contributed to the attraction of a genetic algorithm for its solution. A mathematical model was developed for this purpose. The model allowed us to assess the fitness function of individuals (solutions), taking into account the dynamic nature of the distribution of own and subcontracting resources for construction work. The results of solving the task were obtained in automated mode. Analysis of the results of the solution allowed us to determine the advantages of the genetic optimization method for obtaining the most effective solution to the task of scheduling construction works.
Protection of critical information in external data stores using the dissection-separation method
Authors: Shurkhovetsky George N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Today, due to the large spread of cloud technologies, more and more individuals and businesses use their services. It is common practice in the field of cloud technologies to store in-formation (data) from one service provider in one physical and geographical location. At the same time, we must remember that the information passes through third parties whose intentions are not always known. Therefore, valuable critical information is usually encrypted before it is sent to the cloud on the user’s side. To do this, you can use both simple tools (for example, creating password-protected archives) and more advanced tools (software for creating encrypted partitions). However, in addition to normal encryption, you can use the fact that there are many unrelated repositories. Such methods include, for example, the dissection-separation method, which is discussed in this paper.
Environmental and floristic analysis of undesired plants on the railway formation canvas
Authors: Dontsov S A , Drozdova L F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Negative effects caused by the vegetation of unwanted plants on the railway track skeleton have been studied. The ballast prism is shown to be a potentially areal for a vegetation of specific plants under particular effects of biotic and abiotic factors. The phytoindication technique was used to estimate the plants vegetation in the railroads with different volumes of traffic. The typical plants species and the average degree of the manifestation in the photoautotroph areal have been determined. To improve efficiency of the weed control measures, various forms of herbicides have been tested. The paper reports techniques for the environmental and floristic analysis of unwanted plants that grow in the tie cribs and provides recommendations on how to avoid an appearance of those plants. These measures ensure a stable operation of the railway infrastructure.
Distributed elementary ECR microwave plasma sources supplied by solid state generators for production of large area plasmas without scale limitation: plasma density measurements and comparison with simulation
Authors: Zoubian F , Renaut N , Latrasse L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High-density reactive species plasmas uniformly covering large surface areas are required for semi-conductor processing. Novel, self-matched plasma sources using microwave solid state generators have been developed for this purpose. The technology applied, based on automatic frequency tuning, allowed to eliminate the impedance matching system. Large surface plasmas have been achieved by using a distribution of elementary sources. A big campaign of plasma density measurement using a Langmuir probe has allowed to create a database for different plasma conditions for a single source. Thanks to an internally developed software, the density obtained with several sources in various distribution configurations has been simulated. The position and the power of each source have been optimized and the calculations have been validated by experimental measurements. High plasma densities >1011 cm−3 over large areas >400 mm in diameter with only 13 plasma sources have been achieved with all tested gases. An increase of compactness i.e., increasing the sources number over the same area, allows to have the same plasma surface while increasing the plasma density up to 5 × 1011 cm−3.
Short-Scar Latissimus Dorsi With a Lateral Approach: A Game Changer in Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Perez Simon , Delay Emmanuel , Sinna Raphaël , Savu Traian , Vaucher Richard , Frobert Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
In delayed breast reconstruction, the thoraco-mammary cutaneous tissue often shows residual damage from radiotherapy. The fragility of this tissue is associated with a risk of skin necroses of approximately 8% when dissection is performed by reopening of the mastectomy scar.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to adapt the technique of short-scar latissimus dorsi flap surgery with an abdominal advancement flap employing a lateral approach only avoiding re-incision of the mastectomy scar.

Methods
In this retrospective study, the authors performed 150 reconstructions in 146 patients to assess the safety and effectiveness of the short-scar latissimus dorsi technique with lateral approach. The primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative skin necrosis of the thoraco-mammary area.

Results
Of the 150 delayed breast reconstruction procedures performed, none showed skin necrosis of the thoraco-mammary area, and a positive effect on skin trophicity of this area was observed. The resulting patient and surgical team satisfaction were very favorable.

Conclusions
In the authors’ practice, this technique changed their paradigm because of good skin safety and effectiveness. It allows reconstruction without a patch-effect in patients with very poor skin quality in whom the thoraco-mammary skin would have been replaced in the past by a skin paddle. Reconstruction would have even be contraindicated. It could also be an alternative to many other more complex and longer techniques of autologous reconstruction.

Level of Evidence: 4
Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in high-risk women
Authors: Duncan A , Maslen C , Gibson C , Hartshorne T , Farooqi A , Saratzis A , Bown M J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Population-wide ultrasound screening programmes for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) for men have already been established in some countries. Women account for one third of aneurysm-related mortality and are four times more likely to experience an AAA rupture than men. Whole-population screening for AAA in women is unlikely to be clinically or economically effective. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of a targeted AAA screening programme for women at high risk of AAA.

Method
Women aged 65–74 years deemed at high risk of having an AAA (current smokers, ex-smokers, or with a history of coronary artery disease) were invited to attend ultrasound screening (July 2016 to March 2019) for AAA in the Female Aneurysm screening STudy (FAST). Primary outcomes were attendance for screening and prevalence of AAA. Biometric data, medical history, quality of life (QoL) and aortic diameter on ultrasound imaging were recorded prospectively.

Results
Some 6037 women were invited and 5200 attended screening (86.7 per cent). Fifteen AAAs larger than 29 mm were detected (prevalence 0.29 (95 per cent c.i. 0.18 to 0.48) per cent). Current smokers had the highest prevalence (0.83 (95 per cent c.i. 0.34 to 1.89) per cent) but lowest attendance (75.2 per cent). Three AAAs greater than 5.5 cm were identified and referred for consideration of surgical repair; one woman underwent repair. There was a significant reduction in patient-reported QoL scores following screening.

Conclusion
A low prevalence of AAA was detected in high-risk women, with lowest screening uptake in those at highest risk. Screening for AAA in high-risk women may not be beneficial.
Media Censorship: Obscuring Autocracy and Hindutva-ideology in Indian Governance
Authors: Mehta Smith , Kaye D Bondy Valdovinos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article draws on a political economy approach to examine the politics of censorship that undergirds the current Indian online audio-visual sector. Through our analysis of interviews with media creators, government policies and trade press literature, we probe the implications of censorship on India’s burgeoning online production culture and we contest the Indian government’s ideological motives in spearheading the censorship process. We conclude that the current measures for regulating online content reflect the government’s ongoing agenda to curb freedom of expression and promote Hindu nationalism through policy interventions.
Arrhythmia in an athlete diagnosed by smartphone electrocardiogram: a case report
Authors: Phillips Daniel , O’Callaghan Peter , Zaidi Abbas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
This is the first case report demonstrating the use of a smartphone device, enabling the diagnosis of an arrhythmia in the sports cardiology literature.

Case summary
A 17-year-old semi-professional rugby player presented with recurrent episodes of palpitations terminated by vagal manoeuvres. The rugby player’s resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and exercise stress test were normal. Due to his suggestive history and an ECG trace from a smartphone device, demonstrating a narrow complex tachycardia, an electrophysiological study was arranged. The study demonstrated a slow-fast atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia which was successfully ablated.

Discussion
The ambulatory use of a smartphone ECG device assisted in the timely diagnosis and management of an undiagnosed paroxysmal arrhythmia in a rugby player. This resulted in an expedited return to play.