bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating global oilfield-specific flaring with uncertainty using a detailed geographic database of oil and gas fields
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Sherwin Evan D , Brandt Adam R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Associated gas flaring during crude oil production is an important contributor to global warming. Satellite technology has made global flaring monitoring possible with high spatial resolution. In this study, we construct a granular database to geographically match global oil and gas fields with remote sensing flaring data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite from 2012 to 2019. The geographic information system database contains over 50 000 oil and gas fields and around 4700 infrastructure sites (e.g. refineries, terminals) in 51 countries and regions, representing 96% of global oil production and 89% of natural gas production. Over 2900 fields and 140 infrastructure sites in 47 countries contain matching flares. The annual matched flare volume covers 89%–92% of the satellite-estimated flaring volume of these countries and 85%–87% of total worldwide volume detected by the satellite. In 2019, a set of 263 ‘high-flare’ fields (which flare more than 0.1 billion cubic meters per year) account for 67% of the total matched satellite-estimated volume. These fields are mainly concentrated in the Persian Gulf, West and East Siberia, Eastern Venezuela Basin, Permian and Williston Basins in the United States, the Gulf of Mexico, and West and North Africa. Accounting for asymmetric instrument uncertainty suggests that country-level flaring rates are accurate to within −8% to +29%, the global average within 1%.
Concept design and numerical analysis of hybrid solar–wind turbine
Authors: Ackshaya Varshini K S , Aswin Alenkar K , Rajan H , Maanav Charan K S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy to electrical energy. External factors such as wind speed and direction shift, as well as turbine blade design considerations, cause a significant amount of energy to be wasted throughout the conversion process. Considering all these losses, a turbine’s average efficiency is roughly 45 percent. The blades of a wind turbine are one of the most crucial factors in determining the turbine’s efficiency. The design and geometry of the blades have a direct impact on performance since it determines how much kinetic energy from the wind is converted into mechanical energy. Many concepts and technologies are being used to improve the efficiency of wind turbines while lowering their maintenance costs. Wind turbines based on their axis orientation are classified as vertical axis and horizontal axis. Vertical axis wind turbines are not as widespread as their horizontal-axis counterparts due to their lower efficiency. In this study, we will use a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine to investigate a way of enhancing its efficiency by installing solar panels on its vertical blades and determining the best performance angle at which the turbine should be kept achieving maximum efficiency. Computation fluid dynamic analysis and thermal and structural analysis has been performed to check the efficiency of the designed blade. As a result, an optimized wind turbine design has been developed.
Rebuilding sustainable place through the embodied image of the peranakan chinese house: Study of Kidang Mas in Lasem, Indonesia through Juhani Pallasmaa’s perspective
Authors: Darmayanti T E , Bahauddin A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article is grown from a dialogue between Mr. Rudi’s childhood story as the sixth generation of Kidang Mas and the phenomenological perspective of Juhani Pallasmaa. Phenomenology by Pallasmaa is a powerful research strategy that is well suited for exploring the image within the Peranakan house of Kidang Mas. The strategy is expected to build a better understanding of the value of the Peranakan house. Pallasmaa’s perspective also proposes the “hands” to grasp the experiences through verbal sources turning into a concrete image. Verbal sources obtained from flowing and in-depth interviews supported by sensory activation, which engendered various fascinating and memorable childhood stories and activated all human senses. While the concrete images are conveyed through pictures based on the three most favorite childhood memory activities. The drawings were done using a pencil on paper. It is expected to elevate the sense of attachment of homeowners, local people, and visitors to the place which caused appreciation to the embodiment of Peranakan houses in Lasem as heritage buildings. This article gives another understanding of “rebuilding” sustainable place through the embodied image of Peranakan house in Lasem. The article also serves as a medium for disseminating knowledge about one of the Indonesian cultures to the wider audience.
Coping with environmental challenges: COVID-19 screening station design with standard operation procedure in Thailand
Authors: Lawanyawatna S , Schoch M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the continuous need for COVID-19 testing in Thailand, the country lacks appropriate screening and sample-taking facilities. Based on an earlier functional prototype realized by the authors, this research aims to design, plan, and realize a screening station at a safe distance from healthcare facilities to protect those involved from coronavirus infection while the sample is being collected. The design, planning, and realization methodology combines design rationalization processes, including an expert survey based on a prototype analysis, a user survey of potential operators, and an SOP derivation based on government guidelines. Outcomes to improve the resulting station design allow later use changes, improved transportation, and speedier installation in the required locations. Results show the station design improved to the earlier prototype version, suggesting better operation flow and flexible usage, especially in rural regions where the need for isolated testing facilities is prevalent. The constructed screening station design is considered safe, operational, and suitable for implementation near healthcare facilities, offering a low risk of contamination and adaption to individual needs. Its long-lasting character and variable use also help improve health care facilities’ future pandemic preparedness. This research is funded through the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA).
Economic challenges: Conceptual framework on factors affecting construction cost during COVID-19 pandemic in malaysia
Authors: Abdullah N.A. , Mohd Kamar I.F. , Mustapa N.A. , Che Ahmad A , Abdullah M.N. , Syed Mustafa S.A.H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVarious studies have found that COVID-19 pandemic impacts on a country’s economy through several channels, including the construction sector. The construction sector, which has always been a big growth generator for the economy, has also been completely shut down. Construction stakeholders are facing a several of the issues as the construction costs keep increasing as a result of the workplace safety and health compliance, suspension and termination of the project, and productivity loss. Accordingly, this paper attempted to propose a conceptual framework on the factors affecting construction cost during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Almost all evidence from the literature shows that project completion, supply chain and regulatory compliance are the main factors that need to take heed of by the construction players during COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly, all these three components have the potential as the contributors to the increment of construction costs during COVID-19 pandemic.
The thermal phenomena of Aceh tradisional house due to changes inform spatial planning, building materials and constructure structures
Authors: Sawab H , Shah A , Lahna K , Nizarli  , Ivan T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The development of science and technology has influenced the pattern of human life, especially the housing as the basic needs in human life. This can also be seen in the Acehnese people who have made changes to their traditional houses which will unwittingly have an impact on the thermal performance of the building.. This study observes the thermal perception of the occupants of the original and changing Aceh traditional houses, in the form of their responses or reactions in describing environmental conditions when the air temperature is hot, normal, or cold, which is carried out by distributing questionnaires. Measurements were made on traditional house buildings and their occupants for 7 (seven) days on each house. As a thermal reference for occupancy, air temperature conditions in buildings and rooms will be measured using a Thermo Hygrograph and a Sling Thermometer. The results of this study indicate that there is a change in the thermal perception of occupancy in the form of a comfort range and length of time when the building is inhabited, which is caused by changes made to the traditional house building, in the form of adding another room at the back without disturbing the main building (Rumoh Aceh) using other materials and different buildings structures (not a stilt house like the main building).
Adaptive reuse of old houses as coffee shop: Environmental and spatial aspects
Authors: Pasha C P T , Dewi Cut , Djamaluddin Masdar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Adaptive reuse is a transformation carried out on buildings to provide new functions both from aesthetic and functional aspects. For decades, adaptive reuse has been a panacea for bridging the conservation and current needs for development. In addition, adaptive reuse has been considered an environmentally friendly approach to architectural conservation practices regarding the reuse of building materials and spaces. Besides government-imposed conservation, the community initiated to conserve everyday buildings by spontaneously and informally reusing and adapting various types of buildings known as a vernacular adaptive reuse. This study examines this vernacular approach by analyzing the process and changes that occur because of its application. The case study examined three residential houses that were built in the late 1960s and have been transformed into coffee shops. A research method is an approach through interviews with coffee shop business owners and local government, site observations on the surrounding area of old houses, building measurements, as well as literature studies related to adaptive reuse. The results showed that the process of the vernacular adaptive reuse approach was carried out by the business owners in a creative and pragmatic way with minimal cost and without expert’s involvement. Its application has positive impacts on the surrounding environment, such as social and economic activities, and it reduces environmental impacts by reusing abandoned buildings. In the spatial aspect, the old houses are regenerated by using a new spatial organization that still utilizes some of the spatial organization from the previous function.
Evaluation of spatial comfort on vernacular architecture in Aceh Besar District as a form of local wisdom in adapting surrounding environment
Authors: Izziah  , Sari L H , Meutia E , Mirza I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aceh is located in a warm humid climate area. It has high relative humidity, which averages almost 80% and an air temperature of 27.50C. This study aims to evaluate the structure and material of a vernacular architectural style of the Indrapuri Mosque, located in Aceh Besar district, in relation to spatial comfort. The representation of vernacular architecture in relation to spatial comfort is the implication of the local wisdom value in designing architecture that is adaptive to the surrounding environment. In terms of spatial comfort, the study focuses on examining thermal and daylight performances. In doing this, primary data were collected by conducting a field survey and mechanical measurement. In supporting primary data, written sources as secondary data that related to the study were reviewed. The study found that a few new building materials installed have affected spatial discomfort. These new materials create a high indoor thermal performance. Concerning daylight performance, the whole interior space of the mosque receives adequate sunlight. However, a few building materials that have been replaced with new materials have affected spatial discomfort.. The study thus shows that traditional buildings are still suitable to be used in the current time. To anticipate having high indoor temperature, the installment of new material through building conservation activities should pay attention to the character of new materials close to the original building material.
A preliminary Study on The Use of PET Bottle Waste as The Green Roof Drainage Layer for Thermal Insulator
Authors: Munir A , Irfandi  , Muslimsyah  , Abdullah  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI) and global warming are significant issues now in relation to sustainable urban development. The application of green roofs is an intention to weaken the impact of UHI by reducing heat gain on the building surface that is emitted to the environment. In addition, green roofs also reduce heat transmission from solar radiation received by the roof to the indoor. Utilization of plastic bottle waste from PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) will cut down the weight of the green roof system, which also develops the heat resistance value of the roof. This research is an initial study that suggests a green roof application that is more environmentally friendly with the principle of reusing PET waste as a sustainable building material to increase thermal resistant of the system. The analysis concentrates on describing the thermal behavior of the green roof system with the inclusion of PET bottles as a drainage layer. The investigation was carried out by preparing a cubical model of 60cm x 60 cm x 60 cm with a green roof system. Thermal performances were assessed by measuring the temperature of each layer of the green roof using thermocouple wire. The environmental variables measured were solar intensity, ambient air temperature, and air humidity, where the sensors placed close to the models. This analysis demonstrates the influences of green roofs in reducing solar radiation heat. Even though the decreasing of room temperature between the models was not significantly different, this initial results show that, by introducing PET, still display a further performance in reducing heat gain from solar radiation. However, it is necessary to adjust the evaluation models. Heat accumulation in room raised the indoor temperature to be higher than the roof temperature, so that the behavior of the green roof with the purpose of PET is not obviously distinguishable. A trial model with ventilation opening will release heat from enclosed space and it could evaluate clearly the rate of heat flow from the roof.
Holistic perspective to knowledge integration for performance of renewable and sustainable energy business
Authors: Yadwad V , Bharamnaikar S R , Bhushi U 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Power generation and consumption globally has always been on the top agenda for any country since it contributes to the basic needs of human beings. In the race of bridging the supply and demand gap, human beings created side effects in the name of environmental pollution. The alternate source of energy is renewable energy, and many nations are committed to adopting these new forms of energy generation; these still contribute lesser than one-fourth of global energy consumption and power generation. This study aims to focus on knowledge integration for the performance of the renewable business segment. It creates a more practical alternative against other forms of energy generations like Thermal, natural gas-based. There are areas like a waste of energy as an example where it is still a lesser-known world. Many measurement techniques are still explored, which suggests Knowledge plays a vital role in the Business Performance of Renewable and Sustainable energy and in implementing Global Climate Control Strategies. The study results indicate the energy sector’s transformation into the renewable energy sector, highlighting innovations, knowledge integration, effect on performance, and role of management & government.
The development of waste to energy in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Hadi S P , Prabawani B , Hamdani R S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The volume of solid waste in Semarang City reached 1,300 tons per day consisting of 65 percent organic and 35 percent inorganic waste. 77.64 percent of waste was transported and disposed at Jatibarang landfill, 17.65 percent was managed by waste Bank and by temporary landfills (TPS) and 4.71 percent waste remain unmanaged. Jatibarang landfill is predicted to be exceeded its carrying capacity in 2021. To deal with this problem, through a public private partnership scheme, a PLTSa (waste to energy) has been developed. PLTSa would manage 70 percent of waste and produce 20 MW electricity sold to the State Electricity Company (PLN). The government of Semarang City must pay a tipping fee of 780,555 IDR per ton to the PLTSa Management. This paper analyses the development of PLTSa by comparing with another similar project. The research method was descriptive analysis, relied on secondary data, webinars, and informal interviews with relevant persons. This study found that waste to energy project will create dependency on the city government financially and operationally. To create sustainable waste management, it is recommended to utilize appropriated technology enabling the city government to operate by themselves and enjoy the benefit of electricity resulted from the process.
Citric Acid and EDTA as chelating agents in phytoremediation of heavy metal in polluted soil: a review
Authors: Shinta Y C , Zaman B , Sumiyati S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of metal chelating agents in phytoremediation has been shown to increase plant efficiency for heavy metal uptake in phytoextraction significantly. EDTA is a famous chelating agent used in phytoextraction. However, future use of EDTA is likely to be limited to ex-situ conditions where leachate control can be achieved, so there are limitations to its use that need to be studied. So that many phytoremediation studies have been carried out on organic chelating agents that are not expected to be harmful to the environment, one of which is Citric Acid. The purpose of this review is to compare commonly chelating agents, namely: EDTA as synthetic and Citric Acid as a natural matter for phytoremediation in polluted soils. This review also discusses the ability of Citric Acid and EDTA on phytoremediation, their effect on soil physiology and soil microbiology, advantages and disadvantages of each on the prospects of phytoremediation. EDTA can increase phytoextraction better than Citric Acid but can increase the risk of groundwater pollution because EDTA is difficult to degrade by the environment. In contrast, Citric Acid has been shown to increase phytoextraction, phytostabilization and harmless to the environment.
The effect of time and velocity variation in sequencing batches reactor on cod and bod, removal efficiency in tofu waste
Authors: Hardyanti N , Sudarno S , Zaman B , Arihta A , Putri R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The tofu industry produces liquid waste that can cause pollution if it is not processed first. Tofu liquid waste has the characteristics of containing high organic matter such as BOD and COD so that if it has directly discharged into the environment, it will reduce the carrying capacity of the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyse the effect of variations in times and velocity of sequence batch reactor on the optimization of COD and BOD removal in tofu industrial wastewater by anaerobic bacteria originating from natural sediments. The method used is an experimental method where the method is to find the effect on other things controlled by using artificial waste. The removal of COD and BOD in tofu industrial wastewater can be done by biological treatment process with attached growth using Sequencing Batch Reactor. The reactor inoculated by the septic tank sediment was fed with artificial waste containing a concentration of COD of 7,000 mg/l and BOD of 2,000 mg/l. For 35 days, this reactor will be operated in batches. Results showed a decrease in BOD and COD parameters using a sequencing batch reactor with BOD concentration 176 mg/l and COD concentration 570 mg/l.
A selection method of municipal solid waste reduction in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Septarini S , Huboyo H S , Sudarno  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Waste management is an important activity in human life that aims to find solutions to the waste problem. The province and local governments in Indonesia are responsible for waste management. The volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) in West Nusa Tenggara province, specifically in East Lombok, reached 2.792 m3/day. The public area for waste processing is technically limited. In East Lombok, there are 58 Transfer Post (TPS) units, although the majority are not operational. In East Lombok, the majority of the population (86.9%) did not separate their MSW. The volume of MSW in East Lombok, particularly MSW from urban areas, is affected by population expansion; therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the best scenarios for implementation in the East Lombok district using four approaches: waste reduction through recycling, composting, incinerating and pyrolisis in the TPS. According to the modelling, scenarios 2 and 3 have the same impact on waste reduction. The percentage of total waste reduction can be seen. It has the potential to reduce complete waste by up to 50%. It applies to the method in East Lombok.
Proposing a new strategy to minimize domestic wastewater under the influence of human factor in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Rasolonjatovo F F F V F , Huboyo H S , Sudarno  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Water pollution happens when organic or inorganic materials, even solid materials are poured into the water which degrades its physicochemical quality. The purpose of this study is, to identify, to describe and to highlight the major source of wastewater, and proposing a new strategy for minimization in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Antananarivo is one of the dirtiest cities on the African continent according to the classification made by Forbes magazine and Afrikmag. To know the current situation, an in-situ analysis of the physical parameters: colour, odour, turbidity and electrical conductivity using the turbidimeter and the conductometer are measurable parameters in the field. Major elements analyses, BOD5 using Oxytop method analysis, COD using Potassium dichromate, suspended solids using membrane filtration are measured in the laboratory. The turbidity of the discharges fluctuates from 127 NTU to 421 NTU). For electrical conductivity, it varies from 217 to 977μS.cm−1, BOD5 is of the order 3 to 88mg.L−1, while COD diverges from 279mg.L−1 to 730mg.L−1 and suspended matter oscillates from 400mg.L−1 to 60mg.L−1. Some parameters and concentrations exceeded the discharge standard Malagasy and the international Standard. The best solution for the management of water quality in the face of domestic pollution is the treatment of wastewater before discharge into receiving environments and the sensibilization of the population to take their responsibility.