bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalization gradients for fear and disgust in human associative learning
Authors: Wang Jinxia , Sun Xiaoying , Lu Jiachen , Dou HaoRan , Lei Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious research indicates that excessive fear is a critical feature in anxiety disorders; however, recent studies suggest that disgust may also contribute to the etiology and maintenance of some anxiety disorders. It remains unclear if differences exist between these two threat-related emotions in conditioning and generalization. Evaluating different patterns of fear and disgust learning would facilitate a deeper understanding of how anxiety disorders develop. In this study, 32 college students completed threat conditioning tasks, including conditioned stimuli paired with frightening or disgusting images. Fear and disgust were divided into two randomly ordered blocks to examine differences by recording subjective US expectancy ratings and eye movements in the conditioning and generalization process. During conditioning, differing US expectancy ratings (fear vs. disgust) were found only on CS-, which may demonstrated that fear is associated with inferior discrimination learning. During the generalization test, participants exhibited greater US expectancy ratings to fear-related GS1 (generalized stimulus) and GS2 relative to disgust GS1 and GS2. Fear led to longer reaction times than disgust in both phases, and the pupil size and fixation duration for fear stimuli were larger than for disgust stimuli, suggesting that disgust generalization has a steeper gradient than fear generalization. These findings provide preliminary evidence for differences between fear- and disgust-related stimuli in conditioning and generalization, and suggest insights into treatment for anxiety and other fear- or disgust-related disorders.
Detection of Begomovirus in chilli and tomato plants using functionalized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Lavanya R. , Arun V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBegomoviruses are a major class of Geminiviruses that affects most dicotyledonous plants and causes heavy economic losses to farmers. Early detection of begomovirus is essential to control the spread of the disease and prevent loss. Many available detection methods like ELISA, immunosorbent electron microscopy, PCR or qPCR require expertise in handling sophisticated instruments, complex data interpretation and costlier chemicals, enzymes or antibodies. Hence there is a need for a simpler detection method, here we report the development of a visual detection method based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP assay). The assay was able to detect up to 500 ag/µl of begomoviral DNA (pTZCCPp3, a clone carrying partial coat protein gene) suspended in MilliQ water. Screening of chilli plants for begomoviral infection by PCR (Deng primers) and AuNP assay showed that AuNP assay (77.7%) was better than PCR (49.4%). The AuNP assay with clccpi1 probe was able to detect begomoviral infection in chilli, tomato, common bean, green gram and black gram plants which proved the utility and versatility of the AuNP assay. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by testing with total DNA from different plants that are not affected by begomoviruses.
Feasibility of balloon-based endobiliary radiofrequency ablation under cholangioscopy guidance in a swine model
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Kutsumi Hiromu , Ibusuki Mayu , Yoneda Masashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has demonstrated considerable potential for the treatment of biliary strictures, conventional catheter RFA has several limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel cholangioscopy (CS)-guided balloon-based RFA procedure in vivo using a swine model. CS-guided balloon-RFA was performed under endoscopic retrograde cholangiography guidance at target temperatures of 60 ℃ or 70 ℃, which were maintained for 60 s. We evaluated the technical feasibility, adverse events, and histological effects associated with the procedure. Twelve sites were ablated in seven miniature pigs. The CS-guided balloon-RFA procedure was technically successful in all cases without any hindrance. Mucosal changes could be detected during RFA, and the ablation area was identified on CS. Necropsy was performed in four pigs on the same day as the procedure: the tissue samples showed coagulative necrosis, and the entire internal circumference of the bile duct was uniformly ablated. The mean lengths of the ablation area in the samples ablated at 60 °C and 70 °C were 20.64 and 22.18 mm, respectively, while the mean depths were 3.46 and 5.07 mm, respectively. The other three pigs were reared and euthanized and autopsied 35 days after the procedure. The site to be ablated had replaced the granulation tissue and fibrotic changes. No adverse events were observed in any case. CS-guided balloon-RFA appears to be a promising option for treating biliary strictures. This preliminary study could pave the way for the evaluation of this procedure in future human clinical trials.
Non-mercaptalbumin is significantly associated with the coronary plaque burden and the severity of coronary artery disease
Authors: Chou Shengpu , Yasukawa Keiko , Fujino Yusuke , Ishibashi Midori , Haraguchi Mikiko , Sato Masaya , Ikeda Hitoshi , Nakamura Sunao , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman non-mercaptalbumin (HNA), oxidized form of serum albumin, has been reported as a useful marker in oxidative stress-related diseases; however, few reports have examined the association between HNA and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study evaluated whether the HNA fraction is correlated with coronary artery stenosis in 140 patients considered to have a high risk of CAD or who were suspected of having acute coronary syndrome. The severity of CAD was defined by the number of stenotic coronary vessels and a severity score system (the Gensini score). HNA measurements were performed using our newly established high-performance liquid chromatography methodology. The results had shown that HNA was significantly increased in patients with three-vessel disease, compared with those without CAD or with single-vessel disease (p = 0.025), and was positively correlated with the Gensini score (ρ = 0.421, p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that the number of stenotic vessels was an independent and significant factor associated with HNA (ρ = 1.246, p = 0.012). A logistic regression analysis showed that HNA was a strong predictor of multivessel CAD (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.020–1.229; p = 0.017). These findings indicate that the measurement of HNA could be clinically practical for predicting the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
Influence of bevacizumab therapy and intraretinal hemorrhage in long-term outcomes of hemorrhagic retinal arterial macroaneurysm
Authors: Kim Jae Hui , Kim Jong Woo , Kim Chul Gu , Lew Young Ju , Cho Han Joo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the long-term visual outcomes of hemorrhagic retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM), particularly focusing on the influence of bevacizumab therapy and intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH) on the outcomes. This retrospective study included 49 patients diagnosed with hemorrhagic RAM. Patients were divided into the bevacizumab group and observation group depending on the whether they were administered bevacizumab treatment and the IRH group and the non-IRH group based on the presence of IRH at the fovea. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at diagnosis was compared with that at the final visit. Further, the BCVA at the final visit was compared between the study groups. Multivariate analysis was also performed to identify factors associated with poor BCVA at the final visit. The mean follow-up period was 24.8 ± 15.3 months. The mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution BCVA was significantly improved from 1.37 ± 0.70 at diagnosis to 0.72 ± 0.62 at the final visit (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the BCVA at the final visit between the bevacizumab group and observation group (P = 0.576). However, the BCVA at the final visit was significantly worse in the IRH group than in the non-IRH group (P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, the presence of IRH was significantly associated with poor BCVA (P = 0.007). Significant long-term visual improvement was noted in hemorrhagic RAM. However, the presence of IRH at the fovea was associated with poor visual prognosis. Bevacizumab therapy did not significantly influence the outcomes.
Alterations of lipid metabolism provide serologic biomarkers for the detection of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Janneh Alhaji H. , Kassir Mohamed Faisal , Dwyer Connor J. , Chakraborty Paramita , Pierce Jason S. , Flume Patrick A. , Li Hong , Nadig Satish N. , Mehrotra Shikhar , Ogretmen Besim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic exerts a health care emergency around the world. The illness severity is heterogeneous. It is mostly unknown why some individuals who are positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies stay asymptomatic while others show moderate to severe disease symptoms. Reliable biomarkers for early detection of the disease are urgently needed to attenuate the virus’s spread and help make early treatment decisions. Bioactive sphingolipids play a crucial role in the regulation of viral infections and pro-inflammatory responses involved in the severity of COVID-19. However, any roles of sphingolipids in COVID-19 development or detection remain unknown. In this study, lipidomics measurement of serum sphingolipids demonstrated that reduced sphingosine levels are highly associated with the development of symptomatic COVID-19 in the majority (99.24%) SARS-CoV-2-infected patients compared to asymptomatic counterparts. The majority of asymptomatic individuals (73%) exhibited increased acid ceramidase (AC) in their serum, measured by Western blotting, consistent with elevated sphingosine levels compared to SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative controls. AC protein was also reduced in almost all of the symptomatic patients’ serum, linked to reduced sphingosine levels, measured in longitudinal acute or convalescent COVID-19 samples. Thus, reduced sphingosine levels provide a sensitive and selective serologic biomarker for the early identification of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
Design of abiotic polymer ligand-decorated lipid nanoparticles for effective neutralization of target toxins in the blood
Authors: Koide Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Ikumi , Hoshino Yu , Yasuno Go , Okamoto Takumi , Akashi Sotaro , Saito Kazuhiro , Oku Naoto , Asai Tomohiro 
Published: July 2021

We developed abiotic polymer ligand (PL)-decorated lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to improve PL mobility, decrease aggregation after capturing the target, and increase the blood circulation time to achieve highly effective toxin neutralization in vivo.
PatchMatch Filter‐Census: A slanted‐plane stereo matching method for slope modelling application
Authors: Eng Weiyong , Koo Voonchet , Lim Tiensze 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImage matching is a well‐studied problem in computer vision. Conventional image matching is solved using image feature matching algorithms, and later deep learning techniques are also applied to tackle the problem. Here, a slope‐modelling framework is proposed by adopting the image matching techniques. First, image pairs of a slope scene are captured and camera calibration as well as image rectification are performed. Then, PatchMatch Filter (PMF‐S) and PWC‐Net techniques are adapted to solve the matching of image pairs. In the proposed PatchMatch Filter‐Census (PMF‐Census), slanted‐plane modelling, image census transform and gradient difference are employed in matching cost formulation. Later, nine matching points are manually selected from an image pair. Matching point pairs are further used in fitting a transformation matrix to relate the matching between the image pair. Then, the transformation matrix is applied to obtain a ground truth matching image for algorithm evaluation. The challenges in this matching problem are that the slope is of a homogenous region and it has a slanted‐surface geometric structure. In this work, it is found out that the error rate of the proposed PMF‐Census is significantly lower as compared with the PWC‐Net method and is more suitable in this slope‐modelling task. In addition, to show the robustness of the proposed PMF‐Census against the original PMF‐S, further experiments on some image pairs from Middlebury Stereo 2006 dataset are conducted. It is demonstrated that the error percentage by the proposed PMF‐Census is reduced significantly especially in the low‐texture and photometric distorted region, in comparison to the original PMF‐S algorithm. This further verifies the suitability of the PMF‐Census in modelling the outdoor low‐texture slope scene.
A novel consequent‐pole bearingless PMSM with integrated winding for flywheel energy storage
Authors: Xu Jie , Sun Yukun , Yuan Ye , Huang Yonghong , Yang Fan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenerating torque and suspension force with one set of windings at the same time can increase the copper space factor and improve the torque output capacity. This structure has a unique application advantage for bearingless motors used in onboard flywheel energy storage. A consequent‐pole bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with integrated winding is designed and researched. Regulating suspension current has minimal effect on the torque performance of the motor in this design. The effectiveness and feasibility of this design are verified through a finite element calculation. Its advantages and application scope are discussed.
Methods for alleviation of impacts of axial diffusion on decomposition products monitoring in gas‐insulated transmission lines
Authors: Qiu Rui , Chen Weijiang , Zhou Wenjun , Liu Ming , Zou Jianming , Zheng Yu , Li Han , Hu Shizhuo , Yu Jianhui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsidering the long length of gas‐insulated transmission lines (GILs), novel methods are required to alleviate the impacts of axial diffusion on decomposition products' monitoring. The diffusion process of two typical decomposition products, SO2 and SO2F2, was studied. During the diffusion experiments, SO2 and SO2F2 were generated by partial discharges. Based on Fick’s law, an axial diffusion model of SO2 and SO2F2 was proposed. By combining the experiment and simulation results, it was found that the diffusion coefficient of SO2 was greater than that of SO2F2. In addition, the concentration variation at different positions would experience some delay and decay in axial direction. The delay and decay were inversely related to the diffusion coefficient and increased with prolongation of the distance. Based on the diffusion characteristics determined, methods for optimising the monitoring positions, correcting concentration, and using the concentration ratio and generation rate were proposed to alleviate the impacts of diffusion. The methods could allow the decomposition products to be monitored in 1 month and reduce the monitoring error to 10% or less. The diffusion model and the methods could be useful for monitoring decomposition products in GILs.
Monolithic 3D printed waveguide filters with wide spurious‐free stopbands using dimpled spherical resonators
Authors: Guo Cheng , Yu Yang , Li Sheng , Wen Xiaozhu , Zhang Anxue , Wang Yi , Attallah Moataz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmploying a family of dimpled and slotted spherical resonators, and a set of X‐band waveguide bandpass filters (BPFs) is presented in this study. The resonators originated from spherical resonators with depression (hence, dimples are formed) and cutting slots into the resonator shell. With a large number of experiments, the combination of using the twisted coupling topology, depression and slotting on the resonators results in filters with simultaneous low insertion loss (IL), good out‐of‐band rejection and wide spurious‐free stopband. Several BPFs are designed and 3D printed using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique where they are made in one piece. The monolithic implementation of these filters is allowed by the compatibility of the microwave and the mechanical design, which minimises the required supporting structures inside the filters. The measurement results show ILs of 0.2–0.3 dB and are better than 15 dB return loss. There is a small frequency shift of less than 0.9%, and a measured spurious‐free stopband covering the entire X–Ku bands (8.2–18 GHz) with rejection over 34 dB. Additionally, for the SLM printed devices, the influences of temperature to the S‐parameter responses, as well as polishing, which lowers the losses, are included in this study.
Parasomnien
Authors: Kotterba Sylvia 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBewegungen im Schlaf sind prinzipiell physiologisch. In der Internationalen Klassifikation von Schlafstörungen (ICSD 3) werden Bewegungen (insbesondere das Restless-legs-Syndrom) und Parasomnien aufgeführt, die durch Beeinträchtigung des Betroffenen einer Abklärung und ggf. auch einer Therapie bedürfen. Bewegungen im Rahmen von Parasomnien können zu Verletzungen der Betroffenen und der Bettpartner führen, sexuelle Übergriffe sind möglich. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die Diagnostik und ggf. forensische Bedeutung von Parasomnien geben. Insbesondere soll auf die möglichen Therapien bzw. Vorsorgemechanismen eingegangen werden.
Prostate incidentaloma on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: Diagnostic value of volumetric positron emission tomography parameters
Authors: Şahin Özlem , Kaya Buğra , Aydın Zeynep , Şen Ahmet Eren , İyisoy Mehmet Sinan , Aydın Arif 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate whether volumetric PET parameters such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) contributed to maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in predicting prostate carcinoma in the prostate incidentalomas (PI) in 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Materials and methods This retrospective study comprised 107 patients with PI of 4723 male patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT. SUVmax and volumetric PET parameters of PIs were assessed. MTV and TLG were acquired with each SUV threshold as 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0.
Results The PI incidence was 2.3%, and the malignancy ratio of PI was 15.9%. According to further analysis results, 17 patients were in the malignant group, and 46 patients were in the benign group. Malignant PIs had higher SUVmax (10.6 vs. 6.4 and p<0.01), MTV (all p < 0.01) and TLG (all p < 0.01) than benign incidentalomas. All volumetric PET parameters had higher area under the curve (AUC) than SUVmax. SUVmax AUC was 0.835 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.728–0.942]. MTV 2.5 and TLG 2.5 had the highest performance for predicting malignant PI.MTV2.5 AUC was 0.871 (95% CI: 0.775–0.968), and TLG2.5 AUC was 0.882 (95% CI: 0.797–0.967). Using TLG 2.5 greater than 29.8 as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity for malignancy prediction were 94.1% and 82.6%, respectively.
Conclusion In this study, in which the effectiveness of volumetric parameters in the diagnosis of PI was evaluated for the first time, it was shown that they could potentially have clinical value along with SUVmax.
Rifampicin-Resistant Disseminated Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Adolescent Male Presenting with Retropharyngeal Abscess and Spinal Involvement
Authors: Das Arghya , Gupta Vineeta , Anupurba Shampa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRetropharyngeal abscess is a rare manifestation in spinal tuberculosis. Early clinical diagnosis followed by microbiological confirmation and effective treatment is crucial to avoid irreversible damage to the spine. Here, we report a case of disseminated tuberculosis in an immunocompetent adolescent male who presented with retropharyngeal abscess, multifocal involvement of the spine, and skin tuberculids. Xpert MTB/RIF assay in this patient facilitated early lifesaving treatment by detecting rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the clinical specimen.
Risks and Rewards of Bariatric Surgery in Advanced Chronic Liver Diseases
Authors: Mendoza Yuly P. , Becchetti Chiara , Watt Kymberly D. , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe burden of obesity and metabolic syndrome has determined a sharp increase in bariatric surgery (BS) procedures, which lead to marked weight loss, improved metabolic syndrome, reduced cardiovascular risk, and even improvement in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite these promising results, BS in patients with chronic liver disease can rarely lead to worsening of liver function, progression to cirrhosis and its complications, and even liver transplantation. On the other hand, since obesity in patients with cirrhosis is a major cofactor for progression to a decompensated stage of the disease and a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, BS has been used to achieve weight loss in this population. In this review, we critically analyze the existing data on outcomes of BS in patients with cirrhosis and the possible mechanisms leading to fibrosis progression and worsening liver function in patients undergoing BS. Finally, we propose a set of measures that could be taken to improve the multidisciplinary management of liver disease in patients undergoing BS, including early recognition of malnutrition and alcohol misuse.
1.7 Phosphorus-Centered Radicals
Authors: Bellanger C. , Chelli S. , Lakhdar S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds are one of the most important classes of organic products because of their applications as ligands for transition-metal catalysts, as organocatalysts, as biologically active molecules, and as building blocks for material sciences. This review discusses recent approaches for the generation of four types of synthetically useful phosphorus-centered radicals and their use for the formation of carbon—phosphorus bonds. Emphasis is placed on the scope and limitations of the reactions reported.
1.14 Palladium(I)-Mediated Reactions
Authors: Maestri G. , Serafino A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral elegant reactivities can be observed in reactions involving palladium(I) species, allowing access to molecular architectures that are often beyond the capabilities of popular diamagnetic palladium complexes. This review presents three main axes of research in this context, which have mostly emerged in the last decade. Reactions promoted by visible light enable synthetic methods that are unusual in their mild experimental conditions coupled with remarkably broad functional group tolerance. The use of discrete palladium(I) dimers as precatalysts allows one to perform a wide set of cross-coupling protocols, such as Kumada and Negishi reactions, and chalcogenation reactions, with a surgical precision on the carbon—halogen bond that is initially activated. The generation of alkyl radicals and palladium(I) species through a thermal strategy proves useful for the elaboration of substrates with several polyfluorinated fragments, which are otherwise elusive coupling partners for more common two-electron processes.
Covariant formulation of electrodynamics in isotropic media
Authors: Pal Palash B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The equations of electromagnetic fields in a medium are usually written in the rest frame of the medium. We outline a method of generalizing the discussion to arbitrary inertial frames. In the discussion, we also include the possibility that the medium is optically active, a possibility that is often overlooked in discussions of electromagnetic fields in an isotropic medium.