bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On constructing of multiple rogue wave solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation
Authors: Cao Yulei , Tian Hao , Ghanbari Behzad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Exploring new wave soliton solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations has always been one of the most challenging issues in different branches of science, including physics, applied mathematics and engineering. In this paper, we construct multiple rogue waves of (3+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation through a symbolic calculation approach. Further, a detailed analysis of the localization features of first-order rogue wave solution is also presented. We discuss the influence of the parameters in the equation on the localization and characteristics of a rogue wave, as well as the control of their amplitude, depth, and width. In order to achieve these desired results, a series of polynomial functions are utilized to construct the generalized multiple rogue waves with a controllable center. Based on the bilinear form of this equation, 3-rogue wave solutions, 6-rogue wave solutions, and 9-rogue wave solutions are generated, respectively. The 3-rogue wave has a ‘triangle-shaped’ structure. The center of the 6-rogue wave forms a circle around a single rogue wave. The 9-rogue wave consists of seven first-order rogue waves and one second-order rogue waves as the center. Taking some appropriate parameters into account, their complex and interesting dynamics are shown in three-dimensional and contour plots. These new results are useful to understand the new features of nonlinear dynamics in real-world applications.
Excited states of 90,92,94Y populated in 90Zr+208Pb multinucleon transfer reaction
Authors: Pajtler M Varga , Malenica D Jelavić , Szilner S , Corradi L , de Angelis G , Fioretto E , Gadea A , Haas F , Lunardi S , Mărginean N , Mengoni D , Mijatović T , Montagnoli G , Montanari D , Pollarolo G , Recchia F , Salsac M-D , Scarlassara F , Soić N , Stefanini A M , Ur C A , Valiente-Dobón J J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multinucleon transfer reactions in 90Zr+208Pb have been studied via fragment-γ coincidences, employing the PRISMA magnetic spectrometer coupled to the CLARA γ-array. An analysis on Y isotopes has been carried out incorporating spectroscopic as well as reaction mechanism aspects. New γ transitions have been observed in 94Y, confirming the findings of recent studies where nuclei were produced via fission of uranium, and a comparison with near-by 90,92Y isotopes populated in the same reaction has been discussed. Experimental cross sections have been extracted and compared with the GRAZING calculations, showing a fair agreement along the neutron pick-up side. The results confirm how multinucleon transfer reactions are a suitable mechanism for the study of neutron-rich nuclei.
Global linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic modelling of Alfvén eigenmodes in ITER
Authors: Hayward-Schneider T. , Lauber Ph. , Bottino A. , Lu Z.X. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Linear and nonlinear modelling of Alfvénic instabilities, most notably toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs), obtained by using the global nonlinear electromagnetic gyrokinetic model of the code ORB5 are presented for the 15 MA scenario of the ITER tokamak. Linear simulations show that elliptic Alfvén eigenmodes and odd-parity TAEs are only weakly damped but not excited by alpha particles, whose drive favours even-parity TAEs. Low mode number TAEs are found to be global, requiring global treatment. Nonlinearly, even with double the nominal EP density, single mode simulations lead to saturation with negligible EP transport however multi-mode simulations predict that with double the nominal EP density, enhanced saturation and significant EP redistribution will occur.
Reputation preferences resolve social dilemmas in spatial multigames
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Hao Gang , Wang Huaibin , Xia Chengyi , Perc Matjaž 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneity and difference in the dynamics of individual reputation may strongly affect learning behavior, and hence also the evolution of cooperation within a population. Motivated by this, we propose here an evolutionary spatial multigames model, wherein the reputation of an individual increases if they cooperate and decreases if they defect. After the payoffs are determined, individuals with a higher reputation will be more likely to act as strategy sources for other individuals. We perform systematic Monte Carlo simulations to determine the transitions between cooperation and defection, as well as the parameter regions of strategic coexistence. We show that preferential learning, based on dynamic reputation changes, strongly promotes cooperation regardless of the interaction network’s structure. The mechanism responsible for more favorable evolutionary outcomes is enhanced network reciprocity, which leads to more compact cooperator clusters and thus to more robust spatiotemporal dynamics that are resilient to invading defectors. Our research may improve the understanding of selection patterns that favor the emergence and persistence of cooperative behavior.
Climate change reduces winter overland travel across the Pan-Arctic even under low-end global warming scenarios
Authors: Gädeke Anne , Langer Moritz , Boike Julia , Burke Eleanor J , Chang Jinfeng , Head Melissa , Reyer Christopher P O , Schaphoff Sibyll , Thiery Wim , Thonicke Kirsten 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Amplified climate warming has led to permafrost degradation and a shortening of the winter season, both impacting cost-effective overland travel across the Arctic. Here we use, for the first time, four state-of-the-art Land Surface Models that explicitly consider ground freezing states, forced by a subset of bias-adjusted CMIP5 General Circulation Models to estimate the impact of different global warming scenarios (RCP2.6, 6.0, 8.5) on two modes of winter travel: overland travel days (OTDs) and ice road construction days (IRCDs). We show that OTDs decrease by on average −13% in the near future (2021–2050) and between −15% (RCP2.6) and −40% (RCP8.5) in the far future (2070–2099) compared to the reference period (1971–2000) when 173 d yr−1 are simulated across the Pan-Arctic. Regionally, we identified Eastern Siberia (Sakha (Yakutia), Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast) to be most resilient to climate change, while Alaska (USA), the Northwestern Russian regions (Yamalo, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Nenets, Komi, Khanty-Mansiy), Northern Europe and Chukotka are highly vulnerable. The change in OTDs is most pronounced during the shoulder season, particularly in autumn. The IRCDs reduce on average twice as much as the OTDs under all climate scenarios resulting in shorter operational duration. The results of the low-end global warming scenario (RCP2.6) emphasize that stringent climate mitigation policies have the potential to reduce the impact of climate change on winter mobility in the second half of the 21st century. Nevertheless, even under RCP2.6, our results suggest substantially reduced winter overland travel implying a severe threat to livelihoods of remote communities and increasing costs for resource exploration and transport across the Arctic.
Heat kernel for the quantum Rabi model: II. Propagators and spectral determinants
Authors: Reyes-Bustos Cid , Wakayama Masato 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The quantum Rabi model (QRM) is widely recognized as an important model in quantum systems, particularly in quantum optics. The Hamiltonian H
Rabi is known to have a parity decomposition H
Rabi = H
+ ⊕ H
−. In this paper, we give the explicit formulas for the propagator of the Schrödinger equation (integral kernel of the time evolution operator) for the Hamiltonian H
Rabi and H
± by the Wick rotation (meromorphic continuation) of the corresponding heat kernels. In addition, as in the case of the full Hamiltonian of the QRM, we show that for the Hamiltonians H
±, the spectral determinant is, up to a non-vanishing entire function, equal to the Braak G-function (for each parity) used to prove the integrability of the QRM. To do this, we show the meromorphic continuation of the spectral zeta function of the Hamiltonians H
± and give some of its basic properties.
Quantum field theory with dynamical boundary conditions and the Casimir effect: coherent states*
Authors: Juárez-Aubry Benito A , Weder Ricardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe have studied in a previous work the quantization of a mixed bulk-boundary system describing the coupled dynamics between abulkquantum field confined to a spacetime with finite space slice and with timelike boundary, and aboundaryobservable defined on the boundary. Our bulk system is a quantum field in a spacetime with timelike boundary and a dynamical boundary condition—the boundary observable’s equation of motion. Owing to important physical motivations, in such previous work we have computed the renormalized local state polarization and local Casimir energy for both the bulk quantum field and the boundary observable in the ground state and in a Gibbs state at finite, positive temperature. In this work, we introduce an appropriate notion of coherent and thermal coherent states for this mixed bulk-boundary system, and extend our previous study of the renormalized local state polarization and local Casimir energy to coherent and thermal coherent states. We also present numerical results for the integrated Casimir energy and for the Casimir force.
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism under alkaline and acidic conditions
Authors: Liang Qiuhua , Brocks Geert , Bieberle-Hütter Anja 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) simulations of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are considered essential for understanding the limitations of water splitting. Most DFT calculations of the OER use an acidic reaction mechanism and the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) as reference electrode. However, experimental studies are usually carried out under alkaline conditions using the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) as reference electrode. The difference between the conditions in experiment and calculations is then usually taken into account by applying a pH-dependent correction factor to the latter. As, however, the OER reaction mechanisms under acidic and under alkaline conditions are quite different, it is not clear a priori whether a simple correction factor can account for this difference. We derive in this paper step by step the theory to simulate the OER based on the alkaline reaction mechanism and explain the OER process with this mechanism and the RHE as reference electrode. We compare the mechanisms for alkaline and acidic OER catalysis and highlight the roles of the RHE and the SHE. Our detailed analysis validates current OER simulations in the literature and explains the differences in OER calculations with acidic and alkaline mechanisms.
‘Patients come with two garbage bags full of problems and we have to sort them.’ A qualitative study of the experiences of healthcare professionals on patients admitted to short-term residential care in the Netherlands
Authors: van den Besselaar Judith H , Hartel Linda , Wammes Joost D , MacNeil-Vroomen Janet L , Buurman Bianca M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Short-term residential care (STRC) facilities were recently implemented in the Netherlands to provide temporary care to older adults with general health problems. The aim of STRC is to allow the individual to return home. However, 40% of patients are discharged to long-term care facilities. In-depth data about characteristics of patients admitted and challenges in providing STRC are missing.

Objective
To obtain perspectives of STRC professionals on the patient journey from admission to discharge.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Eight nursing homes and three hospitals.

Subjects
A total of 28 healthcare professionals.

Methods
A total of 13 group interviews with in-depth reviews of 39 pseudonymised patient cases from admission to discharge. Interviews were analysed thematically.

Results
Many patients had complex problems that were underestimated at handover, making returning to home nearly impossible. The STRC eligibility criteria that patients have general health problems and can return home do not fit with current practice. This results in a mismatch between patient needs and the STRC that is provided. Therefore, planning care before and after discharge, such as advance care planning, social care and home adaptations, is important.

Conclusions
STRC is used by patients with complex health problems and pre-existing functional decline. Evidence-based guidelines, appropriate staffing and resources should be provided to STRC facilities. We need to consider the environmental context of the patient and healthcare system to enable older adults to live independently at home for longer.
Sexual selection maintains a female-specific character in a species with dynamic sex roles
Authors: Hare Robin M , Simmons Leigh W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effects of sexual selection are more conspicuous among male animals, and, as a result, the majority of sexual selection research focuses on males. However, burgeoning evidence suggests that sexual selection also acts on females, and there have been calls for an increased focus on females. Here, we used a multivariate approach to analyze sexual selection in Kawanaphila nartee, a spermatophore gift-giving bushcricket with dynamic sex roles. Early in the breeding season, females compete for males, and, later, when environmental food resources are more abundant, sex roles revert to Darwinian convention. Ear size, which is much greater in females than in males, has been suggested to affect female fitness as females with larger ears are more likely to reach calling males first under sex-role-reversed conditions. We tested this suggestion and found evidence of positive linear and nonlinear correlational selection acting on female ear size early in the breeding season (under reversed sex roles) but not later in the breeding season (under Darwinian sex roles). Interestingly, there was no correlation between mating success and reproductive success (Bateman gradient) at any time during the season. Together, our results indicate that even brief and circumscribed periods of intrasexual competition among females can lead to sexual selection on morphological characters and that this selection may not depend on multiple mating. Considering the wealth of reports in the literature of brief episodes of intrasexual competition among female animals, we recommend increased study of sexual selection acting on females.
Police legitimacy and procedural justice among young Brazilian adolescents: A cross-sectional and time-ordered analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Herbert , Medina Justin C 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe legal socialization framework expounds individual attitudes towards authority. The current study tested whether the attitudes of Brazilian adolescents towards social authorities (parents and teachers) explain later attitudes towards legal authority (the police). Data were obtained from three waves of a longitudinal study of Brazilian youth in São Paulo (ages 11–13; 50 per cent female) between 2016 and 2018. The time-ordered data are uniquely capable of testing the legal socialization framework as adolescent social spheres expand beyond the domestic domain. The findings of the structural equation models support the claim that attitudes towards social authorities explain later attitudes towards legal authority. The findings also paint a more complicated and nuanced picture of how spheres of authority are related.
A Selective and Sensitive Method Development and Validation of 1,1-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-Pyrrolidinium Bromide Impurity in Glycopyrrolate Oral Solution by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: Chawla Rajesh Kumar , Rao G S N Koteswara , Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Panda Siva Prasad , Alavala Rajasekhar Reddy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the quantification of 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-pyrrolidinium bromide impurity in glycopyrrolate oral solution.

Materials and method
The LC–MS/MS analysis was done on X Bridge HILIC (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column, and the mobile phase used was10 mM ammonium formate with 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase-A and acetonitrile as mobile phase-B with a gradient programme of 5.0 min. The flow rate used was 1.2 mL/min. Triple quadrupole mass detector coupled to positive electrospray ionization operated in multiple reactions monitoring mode was used for the quantification at m/z 116.10 ± 0.5.

Results
Retention time of impurity was found ~3.2 min. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, range, limit of detection, limit of quantitation (LOQ) and robustness. Relative standard deviation (RSD) for system suitability was found 1.3%. Calibration plot was linear over the range of 0.050–2.000 μg/mL. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found 0.017 and 0.051 μg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision RSD was 2.3% and the obtained recovery at LOQ to 200% was in between 86.7 and 107.4%.

Conclusion
The low RSD values and high recoveries of the method confirm the suitability of the method.
Discrimination Between Fructus Gardeniae (ZZ) and Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae (SZZ) Based on Fingerprint Coupled with Chemometrics and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Cao Honghong , Yan Weihua , Guo Shuang , Deng Chang , Xue Rong , Zhang Kewei , Lu Tulin , Mao Chunqin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fructus Gardeniae, known as Zhi-zi in China, has been used as Chinese herbal medicine and functional health food for thousands of years. Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae, named as Shui-zhizi, is a counterfeit herb of Fructus Gardeniae. In order to discriminate these two varieties, based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, an analysis method of fingerprints of Fructus Gardeniae and Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae was established. With hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis, they were separated into two groups. Analyzed with partial least squares discriminant analysis, there were differences in chemical compositions between Fructus Gardeniae and Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae. Six compounds, crocin I, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside and four other unknown compositions were identified as differential marker compositions between them. Furthermore, seven active substances in them were determined simultaneously. Thus, an integral method of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with chemometrics analysis and quantitative assessment was established. It could be utilized in characterization, quality evaluation of Fructus Gardeniae and could be applied for discriminating Fructus Gardeniae from Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae.
Changes to benthic community structure may impact organic matter consumption on Pacific Arctic shelves
Authors: Jones Brittany R , Kelley Amanda L , Mincks Sarah L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Changes in species composition and biomass of Arctic benthic communities are predicted to occur in response to environmental changes associated with oceanic warming and sea-ice loss. Such changes will likely impact ecosystem function, including flows of energy and organic material through the Arctic marine food web. Oxygen consumption rates can be used to quantify differences in metabolic demand among species and estimate the effects of shifting community structure on benthic carbon consumption. Closed-system respirometry using non-invasive oxygen optodes was conducted onboard the R/V Sikuliaq in June 2017 and 2018 on six dominant species of benthic macrofauna from the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Sea shelves, including five bivalve species (Macoma sp., Serripes groenlandicus, Astarte sp., Hiatella arctica and Nuculana pernula) and one amphipod species (Ampelisca macrocephala). Results revealed species-specific respiration rates with high metabolic demand for S. groenlandicus and A. macrocephala compared to that of the other species. For a hypothetical 0.1-g ash-free dry mass individual, the standard metabolic rate of S. groenlandicus would be 4.3 times higher than that of Astarte sp. Overall, carbon demand ranged from 8 to 475 μg C individual−1 day−1 for the species and sizes of individuals measured. The allometric scaling of respiration rate with biomass also varied among species. The scaling coefficient was similar for H. arctica, A. macrocephala and Astarte sp., while it was high for S. groenlandicus and low for Macoma sp. These results suggest that observed shifts in spatial distribution of the dominant macrofaunal taxa across this region will impact carbon demand of the benthic community. Hence, ecosystem models seeking to incorporate benthic system functionality may need to differentiate between communities that exhibit different oxygen demands.
Surgical anatomy of the upper esophagus related to robot-assisted cervical esophagectomy
Authors: Wedel Thilo , Heinze Tillmann , Möller Thorben , van Hillegersberg Richard , Bleys Ronald L A W , Weijs Teun J , van der Sluis Pieter Christian , Grimminger Peter P , Sallum Rubens A , Becker Thomas , Egberts Jan-Hendrik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Robot-assisted cervical esophagectomy (RACE) enables radical surgery for tumors of the middle and upper esophagus, avoiding a transthoracic approach. However, the cervical access, narrow working space, and complex topographic anatomy make this procedure particularly demanding. Our study offers a stepwise description of appropriate dissection planes and anatomical landmarks to facilitate RACE.
Macroscopic dissections were performed on formaldehyde-fixed body donors (three females, three males), according to the surgical steps during RACE. The topographic anatomy and surgically relevant structures related to the cervical access route to the esophagus were described and illustrated, along with the complete mobilization of the cervical and upper thoracic segment.
The carotid sheath, intercarotid fascia, and visceral fascia were identified as helpful landmarks, used as optimal dissection planes to approach the cervical esophagus and preserve the structures at risk (trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerves, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk). While ventral dissection involved detachment of the esophagus from the tracheal cartilage and membranous part, the dorsal dissection plane comprised the prevertebral compartment harboring the thoracic duct and right intercosto-bronchial artery. On the left side, the esophagus was attached to the aortic arch by the aorto-esophageal ligament; on the right side, the esophagus was bordered by the azygos vein, right vagus nerve, and cardiac nerves.
The stepwise, illustrated topographic anatomy addressed specific surgical demands and perspectives related to the left cervical approach and dissection of the esophagus, providing an anatomical basis to facilitate and safely implement the RACE procedure.
Vagococcus fluvialis isolation and sequencing from urine of healthy cattle
Authors: Giannattasio-Ferraz Silvia , Ene Adriana , Maskeri Laura , Oliveira André Penido , Barbosa-Stancioli Edel F , Putonti Catherine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While the gram-positive bacterium Vagococcus fluvialis has been isolated from the environment as well as fish, birds, and mammals, very little is known about the species. V. fluvialis is believed to be a probiotic in fishes. However, within mammals, it is more frequently isolated from infectious tissue, including on rare occasions human and livestock lesions. Prior to the study described here, V. fluvialis had never been found in healthy bovine animals. Here, we present the complete genomes of V. fluvialis UFMG-H6, UFMG-H6B, and UFMG-H7, novel strains isolated from urine samples from healthy bovine females. These are the first genomes of mammalian isolates and the first description of V. fluvialis from urine. The genomes did not encode for any known virulence genes, suggesting that they may be commensal members of the urine microbiota.