bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of a rocking-motion device built into classic cross-country roller-ski bindings on biomechanical, physiological and performance outcomes
Authors: Parry Henry , Buskqvist Alfred , Erlandsson Petter , Öhrman Christian , Lindblom Hampus , Ohlsson Marie , McGawley Kerry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether the recently developed Flow Motion Technology®roller-ski prototype could improve indicators of performance during sub-maximal and maximal cross-country roller skiing. Thirteen national and international cross-country skiers completed 2 experimental trials: 1 with Flow Motion Technology®activated, allowing a rocking motion between the foot and ski binding, and 1 with the foot fixed in a traditional manner. Each trial included 2 sub-maximal bouts using the diagonal-stride and double-poling sub-techniques, as well as a double-poling maximal velocity test and a diagonal-stride 6-min time trial. There were no differences in performance between Flow Motion Technology®and traditional roller skiing during the maximal velocity test or the time trial. However, reductions in mean plantar force during sub-maximal diagonal stride (p = 0.011) and ankle range of motion during sub-maximal (p = 0.010) and maximal (p = 0.041) diagonal stride were observed with Flow Motion Technology®versus traditional roller skiing. This, together with a reduced minimum horizontal distance of the hips in front of the ankles during sub-maximal double poling (p = 0.001), indicated impaired technique with Flow Motion Technology®, which may have contributed to the trend for reduced gross efficiency during double poling with Flow Motion Technology®(pη2 = 0.214). Significant physiological differences included a reduced sub-maximal double poling respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.03) and a greater maximal heart rate during the time trial (p = 0.014) with Flow Motion Technology®. We conclude that the application of Flow Motion Technology®requires further examination before use in training and competition.
Shared traditions and shard conservatism: pottery making at the Chalcolithic site of Radovanu (Romania)
Authors: Koutouvaki E. , Amicone S. , Kristew A. , Ștefan C. E. , Berthold C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work investigates the technology of pottery production at the Chalcolithic site of Radovanu-La Muscalu (first half of the fifth millennium BCE), in southern Romania. The excavation of this settlement yielded a rich and well-contextualised archaeological assemblage that represents the last phases of development of Boian material culture, a Chalcolithic phenomenon that spread throughout the lower Danube area at the end of the sixth millennium BCE and the first half of fifth millennium BCE. To carry out this investigation, a total of forty-nine ceramic samples, representative of the different pottery types and chronological horizons attested at this site, together with geological samples collected around Radovanu, were selected. These were analysed using a multi-pronged scientific approach including ceramic petrography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. This interdisciplinary study elucidates different aspects of the local pottery production and indicates that ceramics at Radovanu were manufactured according to a conservative tradition that consistently made use of grog tempering throughout all phases in which this settlement was inhabited. The results also show that at Radovanu, regional technological traits coexisted with elements that were widely applied in the Balkan region at that time, such as graphite-painted decoration. This investigation together with the identification of potential non-local productions well illustrates the complex interrelationships between the Boian phenomenon and the neighbouring material cultures in the Balkans.
Improving prediction of students’ performance in intelligent tutoring systems using attribute selection and ensembles of different multimodal data sources
Authors: Chango Wilson , Cerezo Rebeca , Sanchez-Santillan Miguel , Azevedo Roger , Romero Cristóbal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to predict university students’ learning performance using different sources of performance and multimodal data from an Intelligent Tutoring System. We collected and preprocessed data from 40 students from different multimodal sources: learning strategies from system logs, emotions from videos of facial expressions, allocation and fixations of attention from eye tracking, and performance on posttests of domain knowledge. Our objective was to test whether the prediction could be improved by using attribute selection and classification ensembles. We carried out three experiments by applying six classification algorithms to numerical and discretized preprocessed multimodal data. The results show that the best predictions were produced using ensembles and selecting the best attributes approach with numerical data.
Numerical simulation of flooding induced uplift for abandoned coal mines: simulation schemes and parameter sensitivity
Authors: Zhao Jian , Konietzky Heinz , Herbst Martin , Morgenstern Roy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerical simulation approaches have been widely applied to study mining induced subsidence, and they are potential methods to study the flooding induced uplift for abandoned mines. This paper gives an overview about different numerical approaches to simulate uplift induced by flooding abandoned underground mines, including three different hydraulic conditions, considering both unconfined and confined water conditions. Four basic simulation schemes using 1-dimensional rock column models verified by analytical solutions demonstrate these procedures. The results reveal that flooding induced uplift is mainly related to the pore pressure in the mine goaf. The parameter study documents that height and stiffness of the mine goaf have the strongest influence on maximum surface uplift.
Multidisciplinary design optimisation of a fully electric regional aircraft wing with active flow control technology
Authors: Mosca V. , Karpuk S. , Sudhi A. , Badrya C. , Elham A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe German research Cluster of Excellence SE2A (Sustainable and Energy Efficient Aviation) is investigating different technologies to be implemented in the following decades, to achieve more efficient air transportation. This paper studies the Hybrid Laminar Flow Control (HLFC) using boundary layer suction for drag reduction, combined with other technologies for load and structural weight reduction and a novel full-electric propulsion system. A multidisciplinary design optimisation framework is presented, enabling physics-based analysis and optimisation of a fully electric aircraft wing equipped with HLFC technologies and load alleviation, and new structures and materials. The main focus is on simulation and optimisation of the boundary layer suction and its influence on wing design and optimisation. A quasi three-dimensional aerodynamic analysis is used for drag estimation of the wing. The tool executes the aerofoil analysis using XFOILSUC, which provides accurate drag estimation through boundary layer suction. The optimisation is based on a genetic algorithm for maximum take-off weight (MTOW) minimisation. The optimisation results show that the active flow control applied on the optimised geometry results in more than 45% reduction in aircraft drag coefficient, compared to the same geometry without HLFC technology. The power absorbed for the HLFC suction system implies a battery mass variation lower than 2%, considering the designed range as top-level requirement (TLR).
Progress in interlaminar toughening of aerospace polymer composites using particles and non-woven veils
Authors: İnal O. , Katnam K.B. , Potluri P. , Soutis C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites generally have a layered architecture and are commonly manufactured with thermosetting resins—making them susceptible to interlaminar fracture (i.e. delamination), which is often a major concern in structurally critical applications. As a result, various approaches have been explored to enhance interlaminar fracture resistance. This review focuses on third-phase toughener inclusions, which offer opportunities to create damage resistant and damage tolerant structures without significantly adding weight or reducing in-plane mechanical properties. These toughener inclusions, typically introduced in the interlaminar regions, are divided into two categories herein: particle fillers and non-woven fibre veils. The advantages and limitations of both types are discussed, and the potential of the two approaches is evaluated using published data, aiming to provide an overview of the current understanding and challenges in designing and manufacturing safe and reliable composite structures.
Flight Characteristics with Different Supercooled Large Droplet Ice Configurations
Authors: Deiler C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn evaluation of the effects of different ice configurations on the flight characteristics of a fixed-wing aircraft is presented. Within a joint research project of German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer simulation models of three supercooled large droplet (SLD) ice configurations were developed for one Phenom 300 prototype. A specific flight test campaign with artificial SLD ice shapes on the aircraft was conducted to gather the relevant flight data. The simulation models for the different ice configuration were obtained by system identification, and specific results for the SLD-ice simulation models are provided. The analysis of aircraft characteristics was based on the results of these high-quality simulation models: the icing-induced changes of the flight performance characteristics evaluated by the interpretation of several parameters like thrust-to-weight ratio and specific excess power. The typical flight performance degradation was found for all ice configurations with different magnitude. The change of aircraft eigenmodes was investigated in detail by analysing the system matrix of the linearised models at a specific trim points. In addition, the diverse effects found for different ice configurations (App. C and SLD) are discussed and the change of root locus is analysed. Furthermore, ice-induced changes of the handling qualities are evaluated using numerical criteria of flying qualities standard “MIL-STD-1797 A”: no significant deterioration was found for the investigated ice configurations.
Presence and activities of clinical research coordinators at Italian Health Care Institutions: A national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Caminiti Caterina , Maglietta Giuseppe , Frau Ileana , Peruzzotti Giulia , Felisi Mariagrazia , van Dijk Antoinette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:Clinical Research Coordinators (CRCs) are key members of research teams who ensure rigorous conduction of clinical studies and quality standard compliance. Yet, their roles and responsibilities are still not well defined, and formal recognition of their professional profile is lacking in Italy. This survey of Italian healthcare institutions collected data on centers’ research activities number of CRCs and tasks they performed and explored factors associated with CRC employment.Methods:Cross-sectional study using a brief questionnaire. Data were analyzed by means of graphical representations, histogram, scatter, and polar plots. Multivariable linear regression was specified to test the association between the number of CRCs and a subset of factors.Results:Data collection took place from February to December 2020. 62/143 institutions (43.4%) responded. Median number of ongoing studies reported by centers was 65 (IQR 29–205); of these, median of sponsored and interventional studies was 32 and 35, respectively. Median number of CRCs employed at each center was 6 (IQR 2–9). The frequency with which activities were reported to be performed by CRCs overlapped with those of Data Managers. Linear multivariable regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the number of employed CRCs and the number of sponsored studies (P= 0.01), but not with the total number of studies, geographical location, or institution type.Conclusions:The association between industry funding and the number of CRCs observed in this study should be further explored to understand the direction of this relationship and to verify whether this may influence compliance with quality standards.
Hospital outbreak of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant in partially and fully vaccinated patients and healthcare workers in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Susky Erica K. , Hota Susy , Armstrong Irene E. , Mazzulli Tony , Kestenberg Shaindel , Casaubon Leanne K. , Granton John , Rebelo Carly , Bartels Erika , Wrana Jeff , Vaisman Alon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant is highly transmissible, and current vaccines may have reduced effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infection. Using epidemiological and genomic analyses, we investigated an outbreak of the variant in an acute-care setting among partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Effective outbreak control was achieved using standard measures.
Genetic connectivity of trypanosomes between tsetse-infested and tsetse-free areas of Kenya
Authors: Kimenyi Naomi N. , Kimenyi Kelvin M. , Amugune Nelson O. , Getahun Merid N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe prevalence rates of trypanosomes, including those that require cyclical transmission by tsetse flies, are widely distributed in Africa. Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense are actively maintained in regions where there are no tsetse flies although at low frequencies. Whether this could be due to an independent evolutionary origin or multiple introduction of trypanosomes due to continuous movement of livestock between tsetse-free and -infested areas is not known. Thus, the aim of the study was to carry out microsatellite genotyping to explore intra-specific genetic diversity between T. (Trypanozoon), T. congolense and Trypanosoma vivax from the two regions: tsetse infested and tsetse free. Microsatellite genotyping showed geographical origin-based structuring among T. (Trypanozoon) isolates. There was a clear separation between isolates from the two regions signalling the potential of microsatellite markers as diagnostic markers for T. brucei and Trypanosoma evansi isolates. Trypanosoma vivax isolates also clustered largely based on the sampling location with a significant differentiation between the two locations. However, our results revealed that T. congolense isolates from Northern Kenya are not genetically separated from those from Coastal Kenya. Therefore, these isolates are likely introduced in the region through animal movement. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of both genetic connectivity as well as independent evolutionary origin, depending on the trypanosome species between the two ecologies.
Lurking in the water: testing eDNA metabarcoding as a tool for ecosystem-wide parasite detection
Authors: Thomas Leighton J. , Milotic Marin , Vaux Felix , Poulin Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the light of global biodiversity change and emerging disease, there is an urgent need to establish efficient monitoring programmes of parasites in aquatic ecosystems. However, parasite identification is time-consuming, requires a high degree of taxonomic expertize and in general requires lethal sampling. The use of environmental DNA methodology to identify parasites has the potential to circumvent these limitations. This study evaluates the use of eDNA metabarcoding to detect the presence of all species of nematode and platyhelminth parasites in two New Zealand lakes. We developed two novel metabarcoding primer pairs targeting a region of cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) specific to platyhelminths and nematodes. We successfully detected parasite DNA in both lakes. Platyhelminth DNA yield was in general greater than nematode DNA yield. This most likely results from the larger biomass of the former quantified using traditional methods, or the presence of free-swimming life stages in the life cycle of many platyhelminths. By using eDNA, we did not detect all expected parasite families revealed through traditional methods, likely due to a lack of sequencing data available from public databases such as GenBank. As such, genetic resources need to include full reference sequences if parasitology is to truly harness eDNA to characterize and monitor parasite biodiversity in natural systems.
First report ofOvipleistophora ovariaeandO. diplostomuriin China provides new insights into the intraspecific genetic variation and extends their distribution
Authors: Weng Meiqi , Xie Derong , Zhang Qianqian , Li Aihua , Zhang Jinyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrosporidia of the genusOvipleistophoraare generally parasites of fishes and aquatic crustaceans. In the current study,Ovipleistophora diplostomuriandO. ovariaewere firstly reported fromCulter alburnusandXenocypris argenteaandParabramis pekinensis, respectively. Both of them exclusively infected fish ovary and were morphologically, ultrastructurally and genetically characterized. Sporogony occurred in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm and sporophorous vesicles were not observed for the new isolates of these twoOvipleistophoraspecies. Spores ofO. ovariaewere for the first time observed to be dimorphic. Genetic analysis indicated that the genetic variation in the ITS and LSU sequences was distinct among between-hostO. diplostomuriisolates. High sequence variation in ITS sequence suggests that it can be a reliable molecular marker to explore the population genetics ofO. diplostomuri. This is the first report of these twoOvipleistophoraspecies in China which extends their host and geographical range.
Diversity and dynamics in larval digenean assemblages parasitizingHeleobia parchappiiin a freshwater shallow lake from the Southeastern Pampa plain, Argentina
Authors: Campanini Florencia Paz , Merlo Matías Javier , Méndez Casariego María Agustina , Parietti Manuela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDigeneans have important roles within ecosystems; however, it is estimated that only 14% of the species have been described. Therefore, before being able to detail their role, digenean species’ identification and the diversity present in the ecosystems must be known. In this study, the diversity and the temporal-spatial dynamics of larval digeneans in the freshwater snailHeleobia parchappiiwere analysed in a shallow lake. Specimens ofH. parchappiiwere collected seasonally at three points during one year and a total of 2871 molluscs were analysed. A total of 23 species of digenea were registered and both the overall prevalence and the composition of the assemblages presented temporal and spatial variations, responding to the differential environmental conditions characteristics (anthropic effect, presence of native forests, and differential use of the habitat by the definitive hosts) of three sampled sites. The assemblages of larval digenean in their first intermediate host support the idea that this area is of great importance in biodiversity, and could be endemic areas of some species of digenean that use reptiles, amphibians and bats as hosts, groups that are at risk of conservation. Protection of these environments is a fundamental pillar in the policies for the conservation of wild flora and fauna.
Resistance to territorial and maritime delimitation judgments of the International Court of Justice and clashes with ‘territory clauses’ in the Constitutions of Latin American states
Authors: Arévalo Ramírez Walter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the growing resistance to judgments of the International Court of Justice arising out of domestic law in Latin America, through a study of challenges to the authority of the Court’s judgments regarding territorial and maritime delimitation in the region. These challenges are based upon the ‘territory clauses’ found in many Latin American constitutions, which were used to set national boundaries following colonial independence. Territory clauses that once developed international law doctrines such as uti possidetis iuris are now being used against prevailing international law rules, in a process described in this article as ‘constitutional resistance’.This article explains the nature of ‘territory clauses’ in Latin America, i.e., clauses that constitutionally define the national territory in reference to international law. It then describes the process of ‘constitutional resistance’, by which local authorities have used these clauses to oppose ICJ judgments, leading to various results, such as non-appearance in further proceedings, constitutionalizing exclusively favourable judgments, deferring the implementation of a judgment to the Constitutional Court or implementing only certain ICJ judgments, while creating legal barriers to the implementation of judgments that, in the State’s view, negatively affect their territory.These challenges based on territory clauses are studied through prominent ICJ cases involving Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and Colombia. The article also explores how the lack of a strong territory clause eased the implementation of the Peru v. Chile judgment, and how the recent non-appearance of Venezuela in its current ICJ proceedings with Guyana, is partly based on constitutional justifications.
Investigating Barotropic Zonal Flow in Jupiter's Deep Atmosphere Using Juno Gravitational Data
Authors: Kulowski Laura , Cao Hao , Yadav Rakesh K. , Bloxham Jeremy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe high‐precision Juno gravitational measurements allow us to infer the structure of Jupiter's deep atmospheric zonal flow. Since this inference is nonunique, it is important to explore the space of possible solutions. In this study, we consider a model in which Jupiter's deep atmospheric zonal flow is barotropic, or invariant along the direction of the rotation axis, until it is truncated at depth by some dynamical process (e.g., Reynolds stress, Lorentz or viscous force). We calculate the density perturbation produced by the z‐invariant part of the flow using the thermal wind equation and compare the associated odd zonal gravitational harmonics (J3, J5, J7, J9) to the Juno‐derived values. Most of the antisymmetric gravitational signal measured by Juno can be explained by extending observed winds between 20.9°S and 26.4°N to depths of km. Because the small‐scale features of the midlatitude/high‐latitude zonal flow may not persist to depth, we allow the zonal flow in this region to differ from the observed surface winds. We find that the Juno odd zonal gravitational harmonics can be fully explained by km deep barotropic zonal flows involving the observed winds between 20.9°S−26.4°N and a few broad midlatitude/high‐latitude jets.