bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar water uptake via cork warts in mangroves of the Sonneratia genus
Authors: Bryant Callum , Fuenzalida Tomas I. , Zavafer Alonso , Nguyen Hoa T. , Brothers Nigel , Harris Rosalie J. , Beckett Holly A. A. , Holmlund Helen I. , Binks Oliver , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFoliar water uptake (FWU) occurs in plants of diverse ecosystems; however, the diversity of pathways and their associated FWU kinetics remain poorly resolved. We characterized a novel FWU pathway in two mangrove species of the Sonneratia genus, S. alba and S. caseolaris. Further, we assessed the influence of leaf wetting duration, wet‐dry seasonality and leaf dehydration on leaf conductance to surface water (Ksurf). The symplastic tracer dye, disodium fluorescein, revealed living cells subtending and encircling leaf epidermal structures known as cork warts as a pathway of FWU entry into the leaf. Rehydration kinetics experiments revealed a novel mode of FWU, with slow and steady rates of water uptake persistent over a duration of 12 hr. Ksurf increased with longer durations of leaf wetting and was greater in leaves with more negative water potentials at the initiation of leaf wetting. Ksurf declined by 68% between wet and dry seasons. Our results suggest that FWU via cork warts in Sonneratia sp. may be rate limited and under active regulation. We conclude that FWU pathways in halophytes may require ion exclusion to avoid uptake of salt when inundated, paralleling the capacity of halophyte roots for ion selectivity during water acquisition.
Erythema and Acclimatization Following Repeated Sun Exposure: A Modeling Study
Authors: Diffey Brian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of a computational model is described that allows time‐varying erythema and acclimatization to be determined following repeated exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Good agreement was observed between experimental data and model predictions. Results are presented that illustrate how daily, adventitious sun exposure over the course of a year can result in occasional erythema generally in the late spring/early summer, while at the same time showing how the photoadaptive response of the skin changes throughout the year at different latitudes and for different sun‐reactive skin types. The model is predicated on three physiological responses; the erythemal response as a function of increasing UV dose, the time courses of erythema and adaptation in response to a single UV exposure. Mathematical models complement observational data and the outputs from the model may help in planning future experimental studies, as well as providing insights into mechanistic responses.
EEG‐neurofeedback and executive function enhancement in healthy adults: A systematic review
Authors: Viviani Giada , Vallesi Antonino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectroencephalographic (EEG)‐neurofeedback training (NFT) is a promising technique that supports individuals in learning to modulate their brain activity to obtain cognitive and behavioral improvements. EEG‐NFT is gaining increasing attention for its potential “peak performance” applications on healthy individuals. However, evidence for clear cognitive performance enhancements with healthy adults is still lacking. In particular, whether EEG‐NFT represents an effective technique for enhancing healthy adults' executive functions is still controversial. Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review is to assess whether the existing EEG‐NFT studies targeting executive functions have provided reliable evidence for NFT effectiveness. To this end, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the literature since the limited number of retrieved studies did not allow us meta‐analytical comparisons. Moreover, a second aim was to identify optimal frequencies as NFT targets for specifically improving executive functions. Overall, our systematic review provides promising evidence for NFT effectiveness in boosting healthy adults' executive functions. However, more rigorous NFT studies are required in order to overcome the methodological weaknesses that we encountered in our qualitative analysis.
Assessing the Reproducibility of Microbiome Measurements Based on Concordance Correlation Coefficients
Authors: Cui Ying , Peng Limin , Hu Yijuan , Lai HuiChuan J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Evaluating the reproducibility or agreement of microbiome measurements is often a crucial step to ensure rigorous downstream analyses in microbiome studies. In this paper, we address this need by developing adaptations of Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) tailored to microbiome studies. We introduce a general formulation of the new CCC measures upon the use of a distance function appropriately characterizing the discrepancy between microbiome compositional measurements. We thoroughly study the special cases that adopt the Euclidean distance and Aitchison distance. Our proposals appropriately account for the unique features of microbiome compositional data, including high-dimensionality, dependency among individual relative abundances and the presence of many zeros. We further investigate a practical compound approach to help better understand the sources of data inconsistency. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the utility of the proposed methods in realistic scenarios. We also apply the proposed methods to a microbiome validation data set from the Feeding Infants Right.. from the STart (FIRST) study. Our analyses offer useful insight about the extent of data variations resulted from two different experiment procedures as well as their heterogeneous patterns across genera.
Brokering Rural Community Food Security: An Organizational Network Case Study in Central Appalachia*
Authors: Engle Elyzabeth W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommunity‐based organizations (CBOs) are a common entry point to examine the activities, processes, and outcomes of community food security initiatives. Collaborative, inter‐organizational networks are implemented in practice, policy, and research to address the many capacity and resource challenges faced by CBOs. This study examines the role of a broker organization, Grow Appalachia, in facilitating community food security work across the rural region of Central Appalachia. Integrating findings from staff interviews (N = 26), partner site coordinator and staff survey (N = 32), document analysis, and 4 months of participant observation, this study identifies the “rules” implemented by the Grow Appalachia organization across its six‐state service region. Four main rules are identified through the data analysis: “Being In and Of the Community,” “Providing a Hand Up, Not a Hand Out,” “Cultivating Science‐Assisted Craft/Mountain Agriculture,” and “Promoting Sustainability for Self‐Sufficiency.” While these rules—and associated program practices—are found to support increased organizational capacity, community buy‐in, relationship building, and self‐sufficiency, they were also associated with Grow Appalachia staff burnout and exclusion of marginalized populations from program and network participation. Overall, the benefits of the rules outweigh the costs, but still undermine the overall community food security mission of the broker organization and its network.
There is no way! Ternary qualitative spatial reasoning for error detection in map data
Authors: Majic Ivan , Naghizade Elham , Winter Stephan , Tomko Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDetection and correction of errors in map data based on spatial reasoning may be used to improve their quality. However, the majority of current spatial reasoning approaches are based on binary spatial relations and are not able to perform analyses involving more than two objects. This article proposes building accessibility analysis with the ternary ray intersection model to detect potential map errors. Where buildings are not accessible from the road network, this may indicate potential errors in map data such as roads that are not mapped. The plausibility of the proposed method was tested in a case study on OpenStreetMap data. The results have been published in an online mapping challenge where volunteering mappers have used them to correct errors in map data, and have provided feedback on the analysis. The results show that the proposed method can detect errors in map data that are caused by incorrect classification of buildings, incorrect mapping of multi‐part buildings, and missing road data.
COVID‐19 and mucormycosis syndemic: double health threat to a collapsing healthcare system in India
Authors: Rocha Ian Christopher N. , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Goyal Samarth , Patel Tapan , Jain Shubhika , Ghosh Asmita , Cedeño Trisha Denise D. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn addition to the overwhelming and uncontrollable second wave of COVID‐19 in India, the country is also dealing with an outbreak of mucormycosis, a deadly fungal infection, which is affecting thousands of COVID‐19 patients. With the increasing number of cases of mucormycosis and a fatality rate of 50%, many Indian states and union territories have declared an epidemic of black fungus due to its unprecedented emergence, which has adversely affected the already debilitated health system of the country. The advent of the new fungal epidemic in the country is due to the overdosage, panic and injudicious use of corticosteroids among COVID‐19 patients, as well as their pre‐existing medical history of diabetes, given that India is the diabetes capital of the world. Thus, there is an urgent need to address this public health concern by having nationwide surveillance, diagnostic and management system of the disease, along with public awareness and education to combat the syndemic of COVID‐19 and mucormycosis in the country.
Cognitive Network Science for Understanding Online Social Cognitions: A Brief Review
Authors: Stella Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocial media are digitalizing massive amounts of users’ cognitions in terms of timelines and emotional content. Such Big Data opens unprecedented opportunities for investigating cognitive phenomena like perception, personality, and information diffusion but requires suitable interpretable frameworks. Since social media data come from users’ minds, worthy candidates for this challenge are cognitive networks, models of cognition giving structure to mental conceptual associations. This work outlines how cognitive network science can open new, quantitative ways for understanding cognition through online media like: (i) reconstructing how users semantically and emotionally frame events with contextual knowledge unavailable to machine learning, (ii) investigating conceptual salience/prominence through knowledge structure in social discourse; (iii) studying users’ personality traits like openness‐to‐experience, curiosity, and creativity through language in posts; (iv) bridging cognitive/emotional content and social dynamics via multilayer networks comparing the mindsets of influencers and followers. These advancements combine cognitive‐, network‐ and computer science to understand cognitive mechanisms in both digital and real‐world settings but come with limitations concerning representativeness, individual variability, and data integration. Such aspects are discussed along with the ethical implications of manipulating sociocognitive data. In the future, reading cognitions through networks and social media can expose cognitive biases amplified by online platforms and relevantly inform policy‐making, education, and markets about complex cognitive trends.
Molecular genetic analysis of Mia‐positive hybrid glycophorins revealed two novel alleles of GP.Vw and multiple variant transcripts of GYPB existing in both the homozygous GP.Mur and wild‐type GPB individuals
Authors: Wei Ling , Sun Ainong , Wen Jizhi , Wang Zhen , Li Qiao , Liao Yanting , Luo Guangping , Ji Yanli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe hybrid glycophorins of MNS blood group system express a series of low incidence antigens including Mia, which are commonly found in Southeast Asian populations. In this study, the molecular basis of Mia‐positive hybrid glycophorins was firstly clarified in the Chinese Southern Han population. RNA transcripts of GYPB gene in the homozygous GP.Mur individuals were also analyzed.Study design and methodsDNAs were extracted from the whole blood samples of 111 Mia‐positive donors. Then, high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis for GYP(B‐A‐B) was used to analyze the genotypes. Sequencing of GYPB pseudoexon 3 was conducted in the samples with variant melting curves. TA‐cloning and subsequent sequencing of GYPA exons 2–4 were performed in the Mia‐positive samples with normal GYPB/GYPB genotype by HRM. The transcript analysis of GYPB was conducted in homozygous GP.Mur and wild‐type glycophorin B (GPB) individuals using RNA extracted from the cultured erythroblast.ResultsThe heterozygous GYP*Mur/GYPB (n = 101), homozygous GYP*Mur/GYP*Mur (n = 7) including one novel GYP*Mur allele with an extra GYPA/GYPE specific nucleotide substitution (c.229+110A>T), heterozygous GYP*Bun/GYPB (n = 1) and GYP*Vw/GYPA (n = 2) with two novel GYP*Vw alleles were identified. RNA transcript analysis revealed multiple transcripts of GYPB existing in both homozygous GP.Mur and normal GPB individuals.ConclusionThe results showed the genetic diversity of hybrid glycophorins in the Chinese population. Besides, the successful analysis of GYPB transcripts indicates that the cultured erythroblast is a good source for RNA transcript analysis for the protein only expressed on the red blood cells.
Engineered microenvironment for the study of myofibroblast mechanobiology
Authors: Xu Ying , Koya Richard , Ask Kjetil , Zhao Ruogang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMyofibroblasts are mechanosensitive cells and a variety of their behaviours including differentiation, migration, force production and biosynthesis are regulated by the surrounding microenvironment. Engineered cell culture models have been developed to examine the effect of microenvironmental factors such as the substrate stiffness, the topography and strain of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the shear stress on myofibroblast biology. These engineered models provide well‐mimicked, pathophysiologically relevant experimental conditions that are superior to those enabled by the conventional two‐dimensional (2D) culture models. In this perspective, we will review the recent advances in the development of engineered cell culture models for myofibroblasts and outline the findings on the myofibroblast mechanobiology under various microenvironmental conditions. These studies have demonstrated the power and utility of the engineered models for the study of microenvironment‐regulated cellular behaviours. The findings derived using these models contribute to a greater understanding of how myofibroblast behaviour is regulated in tissue repair and pathological scar formation.
Calculation Model of X-Ray Computed Tomography with Density Assessment Function
Authors: Osipov S. P. , Yadrenkin I. G. , Chakhlov S. V. , Osipov O. S. , Usachev E. Yu. , Manushkin A. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract—
A calculation model of X-ray computed tomography with a density assessment function in the geometry of a parallel beam has been proposed. The model includes blocks for simulating and correcting sinograms and reconstructing section images. When generating sinograms, the parameters of the test object, source, and recorder of X-ray radiation have been taken into account. Modeling algorithms are implemented in the MathCad system and tested on virtual test objects.
Soil texture and other site-level factors differentially affect growth of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings in the western Pacific Northwest
Authors: Carter David R. , Slesak Robert A. , Harrington Timothy B. , D’Amato Anthony W. 
Published: June 2021

The invasive shrub Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is a pervasive threat to regenerating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) stands in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Field observations indicate that the susceptibility of areas to Scotch broom invasion and dominance can vary by site. We selected 10 sites throughout the western Pacific Northwest that spanned a gradient of soil textures and other factors to test the site-specific susceptibility of Douglas-fir to overtopping by Scotch broom. We expected to find that the ability of Scotch broom to dominate a site was mediated by site-level factors, particularly those influencing soil water — the most limiting factor to growth in the region. We found Scotch broom and Douglas-fir were inversely affected by site-level factors. In general, Douglas-fir absolute height growth rates were more competitive with those of Scotch broom on fine-textured soils than on more coarsely textured soils. We also found Douglas-fir to have a more dramatic response to increasing down woody material than Scotch broom. Scotch broom height growth approached an asymptote at 3 m. Sites with fast-growing Douglas-fir were able to surpass this height 6–7 years after planting and appear likely to avoid suppression by Scotch broom.
The design of the n2EDM experiment
Authors: Ayres N. J. , Ban G. , Bienstman L. , Bison G. , Bodek K. , Bondar V. , Bouillaud T. , Chanel E. , Chen J. , Chiu P.-J. , Clément B. , Crawford C. B. , Daum M. , Dechenaux B. , Doorenbos C. B. , Emmenegger S. , Ferraris-Bouchez L. , Fertl M. , Fratangelo A. , Flaux P. , Goupillière D. , Griffith W. C. , Grujic Z. D. , Harris P. G. , Kirch K. , Koss P. A. , Krempel J. , Lauss B. , Lefort T. , Lemière Y. , Leredde A. , Meier M. , Menu J. , Mullins D. A. , Naviliat-Cuncic O. , Pais D. , Piegsa F. M. , Pignol G. , Quéméner G. , Rawlik M. , Rebreyend D. , Rienäcker I. , Ries D. , Roccia S. , Ross K. U. , Rozpedzik D. , Saenz W. , Schmidt-Wellenburg P. , Schnabel A. , Severijns N. , Shen B. , Stapf T. , Svirina K. , Tavakoli Dinani R. , Touati S. , Thorne J. , Virot R. , Voigt J. , Wursten E. , Yazdandoost N. , Zejma J. , Zsigmond G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present the design of a next-generation experiment, n2EDM, currently under construction at the ultracold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) with the aim of carrying out a high-precision search for an electric dipole moment of the neutron. The project builds on experience gained with the previous apparatus operated at PSI until 2017, and is expected to deliver an order of magnitude better sensitivity with provision for further substantial improvements. An overview is of the experimental method and setup is given, the sensitivity requirements for the apparatus are derived, and its technical design is described.
Threefold spin helicity as possible origin of SU(3) gauge symmetry
Authors: Marsch E. , Narita Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the notion of spin helicity is generalized into threefold spin helicity. It appears to be a useful means to extend the standard Dirac equation to describe coloured fermions. The threefold generalization of helicity is derived from the mass shell condition, spin, and kinetic helicity in a natural way. It is found that the three different types of helicities are associated with the rotation degrees of freedom in 3-D coordinate space. Moreover, threefold helicity can by unitary transformation be connected with the empirical SU(3) colour symmetry of the quarks, and thus be brought into the mathematical form of the SU(3) Yang–Mills gauge theory of the standard model. This offers an alternative picture of the physical origin of quark symmetry in compliance with the Coleman–Mandula theorem.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Iran: Findings from the Four-Year FH Registry
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Taheri Marzieh , Heshmat-Ghahdarijani Kiyan , Rayati Mohammad , Zarfeshani Sonia , Pourmoghaddas Ali , Khosravi Alireza , Zarepour Ehsan , Keshavarzrad Parsa , Arabi Sina , Azizi Mohammadreza , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Najafian Jamshid , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: June 2021

Background. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease. Its diagnosis in Iran was uncommon. Iran registry of FH (IRFH) has been started from 2017 from Isfahan. In this study, we report the four-year FH registry. Methods. The Iran FH registry is an ongoing study which is followed by a dynamic cohort. It has been started from 2017. The patients are selected from laboratories due to high cholesterol level and who have history of premature cardiovascular disease. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria are used for the detection of FH. Cascade screening is performed for detection of first-degree relative of patients. Results. Among the 997 individuals included in this registry, they were 522 (mean age

51.41
±
12.91

year), 141 (mean age

51.66
±
8.3

year), and 129 (mean age

41
±
16.5

year) patients from laboratories, premature cardiovascular disease, and relatives, respectively. In total, 263 patients were diagnosed with probable or definite FH, and others were in the possible group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level was

141.42
±
45.27

mg
/
dl

in the laboratory group and 54.9% of patients were on LLT treatment. In patients with premature cardiovascular disease and FH, the LDL level was

91.93
±
32.58

and was on LLT treatment. The LDL concentration in the first relative of FH patients was

152.88
±
70.77

and 45.7% of them are on LLT therapy. Conclusions. Most of FH patients were underdiagnosed and undertreated before their inclusion in the IRFH. Cascade screening helps in the improvement of diagnosis.
“A Monster of iniquity in my self”: Queer Sacramental Temporality in Thomas Shepard and Michael Wigglesworth
Authors: Kraayenbrink Taylor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article contends, through a reading of Thomas Shepard and Michael Wigglesworth, that puritan devotional practice contains a queer temporality that emphasizes the recurrent experience and recording of personal sinfulness. This queer temporality, articulated in puritan devotional literature in sacramental terms, poses an important challenge to the secularization account Charles Taylor offers in which puritan religious emphasis on righteous conduct leads to ultimately secular projects of social and individual reform.
Application of the Paternalism Principle to Constitutional Rights: Mental Health Case-Law in Ireland
Authors: Whelan Darius 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In adjudicating on matters relating to fundamental constitutional or human rights, courts make important statements about the principles which apply. The principles articulated will have a profound impact on the outcomes of such cases, and on the development of case-law in the relevant field. In the fields of medical law and mental health law, various courts have moved away from deference to medical decision-making and paternalism to a person-centred rights-based approach. However, courts in Ireland have continued to interpret mental health law in a paternalistic fashion, praising paternalism as if it is particularly suitable for mental health law. This raises profound questions about judicial attitudes to people with mental health conditions and judicial reluctance to confer full personhood on people with disabilities. This article outlines case-law in Ireland regarding paternalism in mental health law and discusses the consequences for constitutional rights in Ireland.