bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
cláusulas de sostenibilidad medioambiental en los acuerdos comerciales de la UE
Authors: Pérez-Ardá Carbonell José Enrique 
Published: September 2021

Las cláusulas de sostenibilidad medioambiental se han convertido en una constante en los acuerdos comerciales de la Unión Europea. Son el resultado de la regionalización en la gobernanza medioambiental y en la comercial. Las cláusulas medioambientales pueden clasificarse en distintas categorías, en función del objetivo perseguido y de su grado de concreción. Estas provisiones son solo un caso concreto de la creciente interrelación entre la política comercial y el medioambiente. El presente artículo, tras revisar el concepto de sostenibilidad ambiental y estudiar las formas en que las relaciones comerciales afectan al medioambiente, realiza una descripción de las cláusulas medioambientales para los acuerdos en los que la UE es una de las partes, comparándolas con las cláusulas medioambientales incluidas en los acuerdos comerciales en los que EE. UU. y China son parte, con el objetivo de sentar las bases para futuros estudios en los que se evalúe la incidencia de dichas cláusulas sobre el desarrollo sostenible de los socios comerciales de la UE.
Correlation of Composite Indices and COPD Assessment Test in Thai COPD Patients
Authors: Khiawwan Supattra , Kawamatawong Theerasuk 
Published: September 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable chronic respiratory diseases. The BODE, ADO, DOSE are the composite indices taking into consideration for prognostication. In addition, COPD assessment test (CAT) score is associated with quality of life, taken for assessing symptoms severity and for personalizing treatments.
Objective: To investigate the CAT score in Thai COPD patients according to their BODE, ADO, and DOSE in the influence of clinical parameters and outcomes.
Methods: Medical records were reviewed between January 2016 and December 2016. BODE, ADO and DOSE was calculated based on their individual components.
Results: Total 125 consecutive COPD patients were recruited. There was difference between CAT score among the GOLD stages classified (P = .02). There was significant difference of CAT between 4 BODE quartiles in cohort (P = .001).Thai COPD patients had the higher ADO index exhibit the higher CAT score than those with the lower ADO index (P = .001). There was no difference in CAT score between COPD with the higher and the lower DOSE index (P = .05).
Conclusions: The higher CAT score found in Thai COPD patients with the higher composite indices of BODE and ADO. However, there was no difference in the DOSE index.
Ecological reasoning of regulation the phytopathogenic mycobioma in agrocenoses of spring barley under ecologically safe technologies
Authors: Mosiychuk I. , Beznosko І. , Turovnik Y. , Gorgan Т. 
Published: September 2021

The article shows the economically valuable features the spring barley and analyzes the most relevant varieties for growing on the farm. It is studied that many varieties of the spring barley with competitive genetic potential of productivity have been created in Ukraine, which in 2021 makes 181 varieties. It is shown that the use the best varieties and high quality seeds is one the most effective means of economic growth in the agro-industrial sector. In recent years, there has been an increase in the spread various diseases of plants spring barley, leading to significant yield losses. We analyzed modern methods of plant selection which allows faster searching new markers with partial resistance to diseases. It is shown that one the strategic direction of modern agriculture development is its biologization — the use of biological means to obtain quality products crop and the reproduction of fertility soils. Modern views on the effective use of biological preparations of different spectrum of action in the technologies of growing crops were presented. It is established that the use ecologycally safe technologies for growing spring barley is relevant. This does not only increase resistance to adverse conditions and phytopathogens, but increases yields and improves grain quality. We analyzed liquid microfertilizer Oracle and complex natural-synthetic preparation Vimpel 2, products of Dolyna company. These preparations have an inhibitory effect on plant diseases and building stimuli of natural plant immunity. Analysis of scientific and technical literature allows us to conclude that the urgent task is to find ways to regulate phytopathogenic microorganisms to ensure the harmonious flow of biological processes in the soil, improve plant nutrition, and the formation of full-fledged plant-microbial associations, which allows controlling the development and spread of pathogens.
In vivo Measurement of Intraosseous Vascular Haemodynamic Markers in Human Bone Tissue Utilising Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Meertens Robert , Knapp Karen M. , Strain William David , Casanova Francesco , Ball Susan , Fulford Jon , Thorn Clare 
Published: September 2021

Objective:Poor vascular health is associated with reduced bone strength and increased risk of fragility fracture. However, direct measurement of intraosseous vascular health is difficult due to the density and mineral content of bone. We investigated the feasibility of using a commercially available continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system for the investigation of vascular haemodynamics in human bonein vivo.Approach:An arterial occlusion (AO) protocol was developed for obtaining haemodynamic measurements of the proximal tibia and lateral calf, including assessment of the protocol’s intra operator reproducibility. For 36 participants, intraosseous haemodynamics derived by NIRS were compared to alternative tests of bone health based on dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) testing and MRI.Main Results:Near infrared spectroscopy markers of haemodynamics of the proximal tibia demonstrated acceptable reproducibility, comparable with reproducibility assessments of alternative modalities measuring intraosseous haemodynamics, and the use of NIRS for measuring muscle. Novel associations have been demonstrated between haemodynamic markers of bone measured with NIRS and body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements obtained with both DXA and MRI.Significance:Near infrared spectroscopy provides inexpensive, non-invasive, safe, and real time data on changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration in bone at the proximal tibia. This study has demonstrated the potential for NIRS to contribute to research investigating the pathophysiological role of vascular dysfunction within bone tissue, but also the limitations and need for further development of NIRS technology.
PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE OF THE YOUNG ARTIST
Authors: Myaleshko Svetlana , Biruk Svetlana 
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the creation of psycho-pedagogical preconditions contributing to successful performance of the young artist on the stage. The author analyzes various aspects of the problem: extraversion and introversion of future artists, their temperament and features of character, the ability to overcome stressful situations. Each of these features, according to the author, requires an individualteacher’s approach to the training of his pupil to go on stage. Choosing the right approach to the development of stage exposure at a young age forms the personality of artist and determines his future concerts. Thus, in every sphere of human activity that is carried out in the presence of the public, there are certain psychological difficulties. One of the main activities of the musician is to perform a concert on stage. It characterizes public appearances of musicians as actors’ performances, speakers, athletes, etc. belong to stressful situations. The main stressors for them are the audience, the realization that their every action is monitored and evaluated by people.Thus, it becomes clear that: the future artists should try different variants of preparation for public speaking on their own experience and practice, to deprive what is best combined with its individual characteristics and properties. Psychological knowledge is necessary for every person at every stage of his life ‒ for professional growth, a deeper understanding of themselves and their potential, understanding of others and for the education of the younger generation. This problem is not limited by the existing research. The priorities of the study are: analysis of the influence of frequent appearances on public on the formation of a young artist; the impact of student support by parents and teachers.
SOME PECULIARITIES OF SELF-CONCEPT FORMATION IN TEMPORAL-SPATIAL DIMENSION DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Katolyk H. 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is the theoretical correction and analysis of psychotherapeutic dream narratives regarding a deep understanding of self concepts in the intrapsychic and interpersonal dimension in the context of time and space. The articles consider various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the category of time and space in the context of the formation of concepts of self (author's approach). Measuring space during the time of detection with psychological patterns that create a person in the process of learning the experience of overcoming a certain distance in the process of a fixed period of time. The change of a person about life, which associatively in the psychotherapeutic space creates as fantasies or dreams about “the road, path, path, field, field, etc.” there are also deep mythological archetypal roots (transgenerational temporal and spatial experiences). Qualitative description of the consciousness of psychotherapeutic clients in the spatial and temporal narratives of transgenerational and individual experiences (while in a zone of self-isolation in a pandemic) is a proposal for psychotherapeutic reflections. Part of these ideas is always a dynamic assessment of self-attitude, which is formed gradually and forgets the usual nature of the concept of self, which is reviewed here and now in the social, information and motivational spheres.
The research method offered a qualitative analysis of cases of psychotherapeutic cases during a pandemic in clients who lost loved ones or acquaintances. The result of research is the creation of a dynamic model of forming concepts of I in the ontogenetic perspective using different temporal and spatial zones of implicit and explicit experience in managing social influences on it here and now in the field: social, information and motivational. This makes it possible to understand the planes of psychotherapeutic interventions with the support of resource reproduction in times of social catastrophes. Conclusions summarize and accept new understandings and definitions of self-concepts.
Achievements and Improvements in Nurturing High School Graduates in the Field of Future Promising New Technologies Recognized by Vocational High School Teachers and Students
Authors:   Korean Technology Education Association, Song Nak-Hyun 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out the achievements and improvements perceived by teachers and students regarding the cultivation of high school graduates in the field of future promising new technologies in vocational high schools.
The results of the study have been summarized as follows; First, it was found that teachers perceived high performance in recognition of manpower training, operational performance, curriculum operation, student career and growth support, and enhancement of teacher expertise.
Second, it was found that students perceived student support, satisfaction, and student s own change as above average level. On the other hand, students showed increased interest and willingness in major competencies, career development and employment in new technology fields, and learning in major fields.
Third, with the improvement recognized by teachers, the purpose of manpower nurturing was practical learning in the new technology field, differentiation was various types of work-based learning, the expansion of manpower nurturing was the new technology field and industry-university cooperation, and operational improvement was the expansion of the autonomy of the curriculum operation.
Fourth, as improvement items, students suggested the operation of student-centered and practical-oriented classes in the new technology field, and various information provision and support for employment in industries in the new technology field.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN PROFITABILITAS PADA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH SUMBER MULYA DI KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG
Authors: Suherman Dadang , Sutriyono  , Herdiansah Riko 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The study was purposed to find out income and profitability was achieved by a Sumber Mulya dairy farm. Research was held in July â€“ Agust 2018 in Sumber Mulya dairy farm Kepahiang. The methods used in this research is case study method. Primary Data obtained through interviews with the respondents and recording. Data obtained for time 12 months on technical aspects and financial data covering production costs, data revenue, income data, the amount of data the data the amount of milk production and livestock lactation. Secondary data retrieved from the data contained in these farms. Data analysis used analysis formulas use income and profitability ratios. The result showed that Sumber Mulya Dairy cattle farm was net incomeaverages per month is Rp. 5,427,176,91 with the number of 7.00 averagecows lactation flat tail. Total cost per month of Rp.10,032,823.29 Profitability achieved by the company said 10,78% profitable because the value of profitability is greater than the interest rate a bank of 4.35%.
Key word : income, dairy farm, profitability, dairy farm, milk production
The Effect of Using Xtra – Man Apparatus on Developing Motor Response Speed In Advance Basketball Players
Authors: Mohameed Hareth Mobesher , Alaany Muhannad abdulsattar 
Published: September 2021

The research aimed at using Xtra – Man apparatus on advanced basketball players, designing a test for motor response speed, preparing Xtra – man apparatus exercises for advanced basketball players, and identifying the effect of these exercises using Xrat – Man apparatus on developing motor response speed in advance basketball players. The researchers used the experimental method on (12) advanced basketball players from Al Adhamia club. After applying for the training program the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that special exercises using Xtra – Man have a significant effect on the development of motor response speed in advanced basketball players.
The impact of joint attention on the sound-induced flash illusions
Authors: Battich Lucas , Garzorz Isabelle , Wahn Basil , Deroy Ophelia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHumans coordinate their focus of attention with others, either by gaze following or prior agreement. Though the effects of joint attention on perceptual and cognitive processing tend to be examined in purely visual environments, they should also show in multisensory settings. According to a prevalent hypothesis, joint attention enhances visual information encoding and processing, over and above individual attention. If two individuals jointly attend to the visual components of an audiovisual event, this should affect the weighing of visual information during multisensory integration. We tested this prediction in this preregistered study, using the well-documented sound-induced flash illusions, where the integration of an incongruent number of visual flashes and auditory beeps results in a single flash being seen as two (fission illusion) and two flashes as one (fusion illusion). Participants were asked to count flashes either alone or together, and expected to be less prone to both fission and fusion illusions when they jointly attended to the visual targets. However, illusions were as frequent when people attended to the flashes alone or with someone else, even though they responded faster during joint attention. Our results reveal the limitations of the theory that joint attention enhances visual processing as it does not affect temporal audiovisual integration.
Individual differences in proactive interference in rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
Authors: Tsakanikos Elias , Reed Phil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndividual differences in behaviors are seen across many species, and investigations have focused on traits linked to aggression, risk taking, emotionality, coping styles, and differences in cognitive systems. The current study investigated whether there were individual differences in proactive interference tasks in rats (Rattus Norvegicus), and tested hypotheses suggesting that these tasks should load onto a single factor and there should be clusters of rats who perform well or poorly on these tasks. The performance of 39 rats was tested across three learning tasks that all involved disengagement from an irrelevant previously learned stimulus to a relevant stimulus: latent inhibition (LI), partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE), and reversal learning (RL). An exploratory factor analysis revealed the existence of one factor underlying performance. A cluster analysis revealed the existence of sets of rats displaying either weak LI and strong PREE and RL effects, or vice versa. These findings suggest that proactive interference may be based on a single underlying psychological system in rats.
Scripting Shame in African Literature
Authors: Bishop Stephen L. 
Published: September 2021

-	Shame is one of the most frequent underlying emotions expressed throughout sub-Saharan African literature, yet studies of such literature almost universally ignore the topic in favour of a focus on the struggle for independence and the postcolonial situation, encompassing a search for individual, national, and ethnic identities and questions of corruption, changing gender roles, and conflicts between so-called tradition and modernity. Shame, however, is not antithetical to these investigations and, in fact, the persistent trope of shame undergirds many of them. This book locates these expressions of shame in sub-Saharan African literature and shows how its diverse literary representations underscore shame’s function as a fulcrum in the mutual constitution of subject and community on the continent. Though shame research is dominated by Western definitions and theories, this study emphasizes the centrality of African conceptions of shame in ways that notions of Western subjectivity dismiss or cannot capture.
Decolonisation and ‘Development Untoward'
Authors: Hyde Dave 
Published: September 2021

Kenya’s decolonisation was founded upon a contradictory and precarious strategy, menaced by the proliferation of consecutive waves of plantation strikes which revealed the unplanned formation of a rural proletariat, defying all nostrums of how a working class should emerge. There was a consensus that the brakes had to be applied to the spontaneous actions of this unwelcome actor and its further development diverted to consolidate the basis of the elite transition to independence on 2 October 1963. During the colony’s State of Emergency, declared on 20 October 1952, the imperial power attempted to violently atomise the organisation and sever the symbiotic ties of the urban proletariat. However, while being displaced from the key urban locations and pivots of the colony, these relationships stood to form elsewhere, especially in the rural presence of monopoly capital in the Kericho Valley where a rural proletariat emerged in face of attempts to reverse this process along a course of ‘peasantisation’ through land resettlement schemes.
Radial Gradients in Dust-to-gas Ratio Lead to Preferred Region for Giant Planet Formation
Authors: Chachan Yayaati , Lee Eve J. , Knutson Heather A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Rosseland mean opacity of dust in protoplanetary disks is often calculated assuming the interstellar medium (ISM) size distribution and a constant dust-to-gas ratio. However, the dust size distribution and dust-to-gas ratio in protoplanetary disks are distinct from those of the ISM. Here we use simple dust evolution models that incorporate grain growth and transport to calculate the time evolution of the mean opacity of dust grains as a function of distance from the star. Dust dynamics and size distribution are sensitive to the assumed value of the turbulence strength α
t and the velocity at which grains fragment v
frag. For moderate-to-low turbulence strengths of α
t ≲ 10−3 and substantial differences in v
frag for icy and ice-free grains, we find a spatially nonuniform dust-to-gas ratio and grain size distribution that deviate significantly from the ISM values, in agreement with previous studies. The effect of a nonuniform dust-to-gas ratio on the Rosseland mean opacity dominates over that of the size distribution. This spatially varying—that is, non-monotonic—dust-to-gas ratio creates a region in the protoplanetary disk that is optimal for producing hydrogen-rich planets, potentially explaining the apparent peak in the gas-giant planet occurrence rate at intermediate distances. The enhanced dust-to-gas ratio within the ice line also suppresses gas accretion rates onto sub-Neptune cores, thus stifling their tendency to undergo runaway gas accretion within disk lifetimes. Finally, our work corroborates the idea that low-mass cores with large primordial gaseous envelopes (“super-puffs”) originate beyond the ice line.
Misaligned Circumstellar Disks and Orbital Motion of the Young Binary XZ Tau
Authors: Ichikawa Takanori , Kido Miyu , Takaishi Daisuke , Shimajiri Yoshito , Tsukamoto Yusuke , Takakuwa Shigehisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report our analyses of the multi-epoch (2015–2017) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data of the Class II binary system XZ Tau at Bands 3, 4, and 6. The millimeter dust-continuum images show compact, unresolved (r ≲ 15 au) circumstellar disks (CSDs) around the individual binary stars, XZ Tau A and B, with a projected separation of ∼39 au. The 12CO (2–1) emission associated with those CSDs traces the Keplerian rotations, whose rotational axes are misaligned with each other (P.A. ∼ −5° for XZ Tau A and ∼130° for XZ Tau B). The similar systemic velocities of the two CSDs (V
LSR ∼ 6.0 km s−1) suggest that the orbital plane of the binary stars is close to the plane of the sky. From the multi-epoch ALMA data, we have also identified the relative orbital motion of the binary. Along with the previous NIR data, we found that the elliptical orbit (e =

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0.025

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a
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0
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172

−
0
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003

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002

, and

ω
=
−
54
.°

2

−
4
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7

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0

) is preferable to the circular orbit. Our results suggest that the two CSDs and the orbital plane of the XZ Tau system are all misaligned with each other, and possible mechanisms to produce such a configuration are discussed. Our analyses of the multi-epoch ALMA archival data demonstrate the feasibility of time-domain science with ALMA.