bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining a safe upper limit of oxygen supplementation for adult patients: a systematic review
Authors: Lassen Mathilde Languille , Risgaard Bjarke , Baekgaard Josefine S , Rasmussen Lars S 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to describe the connection between the inspired oxygen fraction and pulmonary complications in adult patients, with the objective of determining a safe upper limit of oxygen supplementation.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched in August 2019 (updated July 2020) for studies fulfilling the following criteria: intubated adult patients (Population); high fractions of oxygen (Intervention) versus low fractions of (Comparison); atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and/or duration of mechanical ventilation (Outcome); original studies both observational and interventional (Studies). Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment was done by two independent reviewers.ResultsOut of 6120 records assessed for eligibility, 12 were included. Seven studies were conducted in the emergency setting, and five studies included patients undergoing elective surgery. Eight studies reported data on atelectasis, two on ARDS, four on pneumonia and two on duration of mechanical ventilation. There was a non-significant increased risk of atelectasis if an oxygen fraction of 0.8 or above was used, relative risk (RR): 1.37 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.96). One study showed an almost threefold higher risk of pneumonia in the high oxygen fraction group (RR: 2.83 (95% CI 2.25 to 3.56)). The two studies reporting ARDS and the two studies with data on mechanical ventilation showed no association with oxygen fraction. Four studies had a high risk of bias in one domain.ConclusionsIn this systematic review, we found inadequate evidence to identify a safe upper dosage of oxygen, but the identified studies suggest a benefit of keeping inspiratory oxygen fraction below 0.8 with regard to formation of atelectases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020154242.
Role of community drug and alcohol services in physical healthcare for people who use illicit opioids: a qualitative study of clinical staff in the UK
Authors: Bradbury Molly , Lewer Dan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo understand how clinicians working in addiction services perceive their responsibilities for physical healthcare of clients who use opioids, and how physical healthcare could be improved for this group.DesignQualitative study comprising semistructured interviews.Participants16 clinicians, including nurses and nurse practitioners, nurse consultants, addiction psychiatrists, specialist general practitioners and psychiatry specialty registrars.SettingCommunity-based drug and alcohol treatment services in the UK, with services including outpatient opioid agonist therapy.ResultsWe identified three overarching themes. First, clients have unmet physical health needs that are often first identified in community drug and alcohol services. Participants reported attempts to improve their clients’ access to healthcare by liaising directly with health services and undertaking other forms of health advocacy, but report limited success, with many referrals ending in non-attendance. Second, most participants saw their role as supporting access to mainstream health services rather than providing physical healthcare directly, though sometimes reported frustration at being unable to provide certain treatments such as antibiotics for a respiratory infection. A minority of participants felt that people who use illicit opioids would be best served by an integrated ‘one-stop-shop’ model, but felt this model is currently unlikely to receive funding. Third, participants felt isolated from other health services, in part due to commissioning arrangements in which funding is provided through local government rather than the National Health Service.ConclusionsClinicians participating in this study serve a patient group with unmet physical health needs, but lack the resources to respond effectively to these needs.
Development of a Good Clinical Practice inspection checklist to assess clinical trial sites in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Quang Ngo , Nguyen Nam Vinh , Nguyen Dung Thi Phuong , Vidaillac Celine , Trinh Phuong Thi Minh , van Doorn H Rogier , Thwaites Guy E , Kestelyn Evelyne , Vo Ha Thi Nhi 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAssessing the capacity of a healthcare institution to conduct and manage clinical research studies is challenging, especially in developing countries where resources are limited. The objective of this study was to develop a practical and transparent tool for the Vietnam Ministry of Health (MOH) to assess institutions’ capacity to lead clinical trials in line with local and international regulations.MethodsWe reviewed the literature, relevant official international and national guidelines, regulations and checklists for clinical sites’ assessment to identify key indicators of clinical research capacity. We developed a Good Clinical Practice (GCP) inspection checklist consisting of a questionnaire with 30 key criteria, including 16 core criteria and 14 recommended criteria, related to four central aspects of clinical research management (ie, governance, operations, infrastructures and human resources). Following a detailed review and assessment by a panel of experts, sponsors and academic investigators, we assessed the checklist’s applicability in a pilot study involving 10 sites with various clinical research experiences.ResultsIndependently of their clinical research experience, all participating institutions fulfilled most of the core criteria. In contrast, a significant variability was observed in the compliance to recommended capacity criteria, especially those related to governance (certifications and reporting) as well as operations (existence of a clinical research coordination unit or electronic trial management system).ConclusionsA GCP inspection checklist was successfully developed to support the MOH in the assessment of institutions’ capacity to conduct clinical research. Additional efforts from all stakeholders are now warranted to provide local sites with sustainable capacity development resources that will further build up and harmonise Vietnamese clinical research settings.
Implementation of theStandingTallprogramme to prevent falls in older people: a process evaluation protocol
Authors: Taylor Morag E , Todd Chris , O"Rourke Sandra , Clemson Lindy M , Close Jacqueline CT , Lord Stephen R , Lung Thomas , Berlowitz David J , Blennerhassett Jannette , Chow Jessica , Dayhew Julia , Hawley-Hague Helen , Hodge Wendy , Howard Kirsten , Johnson Pamela , Lasrado Reena , McInerney Garth , Merlene Marita , Miles Lillian , Said Catherine M , White Leanne , Wilson Nicola , Zask Avigdor , Delbaere Kim 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionOne in three people aged 65 years and over fall each year. The health, economic and personal impact of falls will grow substantially in the coming years due to population ageing. Developing and implementing cost-effective strategies to prevent falls and mobility problems among older people is therefore an urgent public health challenge.StandingTallis a low-cost, unsupervised, home-based balance exercise programme delivered through a computer or tablet.StandingTallhas a simple user-interface that incorporates physical and behavioural elements designed to promote compliance. A large randomised controlled trial in 503 community-dwelling older people has shown thatStandingTallis safe, has high adherence rates and is effective in improving balance and reducing falls. The current project targets a major need for older people and will address the final steps needed to scale this innovative technology for widespread use by older people across Australia and internationally.Methods and analysisThis project will endeavour to recruit 300 participants across three sites in Australia and 100 participants in the UK. The aim of the study is to evaluate the implementation ofStandingTallinto the community and health service settings in Australia and the UK. The nested process evaluation will use both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore uptake and acceptability of theStandingTallprogramme and associated resources. The primary outcome is participant adherence to theStandingTallprogramme over 6 months.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the South East Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC reference 18/288) in Australia and the North West- Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID: 268954) in the UK. Dissemination will be via publications, conferences, newsletter articles, social media, talks to clinicians and consumers and meetings with health departments/managers.Trial registration numberACTRN12619001329156.
Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Liang Jing Nong , Budge Savanna , Madriaga Austin , Meske Kara , Nguyenton Derrick , Ho Kai-Yu 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionReduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.Methods and analysisThe protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212128.
The variations of endophilin A2-FoxO3a-autophagy signal in angiotensin II–induced dopaminergic neuron injury mouse model and by biochanin A
Authors: Yu Yi-Gui , Han Jun-Hui , Xue Hai-Xia , Li Wei-Zu , Wu Wen-Ning , Yin Yan-Yan 
Published: July 2021

Biochanin A (Bioch A) is a natural plant estrogen, with various biological activities such as anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, and suppression of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Bioch A on angiotensin II (AngII) – induced dopaminergic (DA) neuron damage in vivo and on molecular mechanisms. Spontaneous activity and motor ability of mice among groups was detected by open-field test and swim-test. The expression of TH, microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3B II (LC3BII)/LC3BI, beclin-1, P62, forkhead box class O3 (FoxO3), phosphorylated (p) FoxO3a/FoxO3a, FoxO3, and endophilin A2 were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that AngII treatment significantly increased the behavioral dysfunction of mice and DA neuron damage. Meanwhile, AngII treatment increased the expression of LC3BII/LC3BI, beclin-1, P62, and FoxO3a and decreased the expression of endophilin A2 and p-FoxO3a/FoxO3a, however, Bioch A treatment alleviate these changes. In summary, these results suggest that Bioch A exerts protective effects on AngII-induced mouse model may be related to regulating endophilin A2, FoxO3a, and autophagy-related proteins; however, the specific mechanism is not yet clear and needs further study.
Transition to chip serration in simulated cutting of metallic glasses
Authors: Avila Karina E. , Vardanyan Vardan Hoviki , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cutting of metallic glasses produces as a rule serrated and segmented chips in experiments, while atomistic simulations produce straight unserrated chips. We demonstrate here that with increasing depth of cut – with all other parameters unchanged – chip serration starts to affect the morphology of the chip also in molecular dynamics simulations. The underlying reason is the shear localization in shear bands. As the distance between shear bands increases with increasing depth of cut, the surface morphology of the chip becomes increasingly segmented. The parallel shear bands that formed during cutting do no longer interact with each other when their separation is $$\gtrsim $$
≳
10 nm. Our results are analogous to the so-called fold instability that has been found when machining nanocrystalline metals.

Graphic abstract
Extremely Rare Intraoral Presentation of Localized Amyloidosis
Authors: Morelato Luka , Smojver Igor , Seiwerth Sven , Gabrić Dragana 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To present an extremely rare case of localized amyloidosis of the mucosa of the maxillary alveolar ridge. Case Report. A 71-year-old man was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, for a persistent nodular formation in the edentulous ridge of the anterior maxillary region. The nodular formation had a reddish color, solid consistency, and an approximate size of

40
×
15

mm

. Orthopantomographic imaging excluded bone resorption and defects. Histopathological assessments of the biopsy specimen showed that the stroma was occupied by a multiplied, partially hyalinized connective tissue. The samples were subsequently stained with Congo red, and collagen accumulation under polarized light showed an apple-green birefringence indicating amyloid. Subsequently, the nodular formation was completely excised and a maxillary total denture was made. The patient showed normal tissue healing with no sign of recurrence at a follow-up assessment 1.5 years after the procedure. Conclusion. This is only the third reported case of localized amyloidosis of the alveolar ridge mucosa. Histopathological analysis is the first step for diagnosis, but systemic tests, blood counts, urinalysis, bone marrow biopsy, electrocardiography, and digestive endoscopy are recommended to rule out a systemic disease.
Mutant p53 Attenuates Oxidative Phosphorylation and Facilitates Cancer Stemness through Downregulating miR-200c–PCK2 Axis in Basal-Like Breast Cancer
Authors: Chao Chi-Hong , Wang Chen-Yun , Wang Cing-Hong , Chen Ting-Wen , Hsu Huai-Yu , Huang Hao-Wei , Li Chia-Wei , Mai Ru-Tsun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

miR-200c is a tumor suppressor miRNA that plays a critical role in regulating epithelial phenotype and cancer stemness. p53 deficiency downregulates the expression of miR-200c and leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness phenotype, which contributes to the progression of breast cancers. In this study, we demonstrated that CRISPR-mediated knockout (KO) of miR-200c induces metabolic features similar to the metabolic rewiring caused by p53 hot-spot mutations, and that impairing this metabolic reprogramming interferes with miR-200c deficiency–induced stemness and transformation. Moreover, restoring miR-200c expression compromised EMT, stem-cell properties, and the Warburg effect caused by p53 mutations, suggesting that mutant p53 (MTp53) induces EMT-associated phenotypes and metabolic reprogramming by downregulating miR-200c. Mechanistically, decreased expression of PCK2 was observed in miR-200c– and p53-deficient mammary epithelial cells, and forced expression of miR-200c restored PCK2 in p53 mutant–expressing cells. Reduced PCK2 expression not only led to attenuated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and increased stemness in normal mammary epithelial cells but also compromised the enhanced OXPHOS and suppression of cancer stemness exerted by miR-200c in p53 mutation–bearing basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells. Clinically, PCK2 expression is negatively associated with EMT markers and is downregulated in basal-like subtype and cases with low miR-200c expression or p53 mutation. Notably, low expression of PCK2 is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer.

Implications:
Together, our results suggest that p53 and miR-200c regulate OXPHOS and stem/cancer stemness through PCK2, and loss of the p53–miR-200c–PCK2 axis might provide metabolic advantages that facilitate cancer stemness, leading to the progression of BLBCs.
Sob outra perspectiva: a história oral nas obras de Svetlana Aleksiévitch
Authors: Matos Maria Carolina Nascimento de 
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho faz uma reflexão crítica acerca da história oral como empregada nas obras da escritora bielo-russa Svetlana Aleksiévitch. Svetlana encontrou na simplicidade da vida cotidiana as suas fontes para descrever os principais acontecimentos que abalaram não apenas o Estado soviético e a ideologia comunista, mas também a vida de seus cidadãos. A Segunda Guerra Mundial, o acidente na central nuclear de Chernobyl e a Perestroika são alguns desses acontecimentos. Ao se fazer um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema foi percebido que até o momento muito de seu trabalho tem sido interpretado em diálogo com a literatura e em menor medida com o jornalismo, a questão de suas obras serem um trabalho de história oral é sempre mencionada, entretanto nunca aprofundada. O que desejo é estabelecer uma conexão mais íntima entre suas obras e a história demonstrando que apesar de ser comum no meio editorial a publicação de suas obras usando a designação “história oral” não podemos considerar que o seu trabalho de fato utilize essa metodologia. Para isso, darei ênfase a três de suas obras: A Guerra não tem rosto de mulher, Vozes de Tchernóbil e O fim do Homem Soviético conjuntamente com a bibliografia especializada.
A record of Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from the Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Singh Arun P. , Lekhendra  
Published: July 2021

The current record of Ourapterya dierli Inoue,1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometriidae: Ennominae) from Garhwal Himalaya, India further extends the western most limit in the distribution range of this species in the Himalaya, up to Chakrata hills which is 250km from the nearest known earlier record from Munsiyari in Kumaon,India and is the first record from Garhwal and second of this species from India.
Characterisation of breeding habitat of Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Mammalia: Sciuridae) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India
Authors: Thomas Kiran , Nameer P.O. 
Published: July 2021

The Grizzled Giant Squirrel (GGS) Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769) is a ‘Near Threatened’ and endemic giant squirrel distributed in southern India and Sri Lanka. In India, the species is distributed in more than 10 locations between Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka in the north and Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu in the south. A study was conducted in the riparian habitats of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala to understand the habitat characteristics, including the drey site use of GGS. The vegetation of the GGS habitat was studied using the quadrat method, and the dreys were counted using the transects. A total of 95 species of trees were identified from the riverine vegetation, and the GGS used 36 species of trees for drey construction. Most of the dreys were found on Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Ficus microcarpa, Diospyros ebenum, and Pongamia pinnata. However, the GGS may prefer trees such as Mitragyna parviflora, Diospyros ebenum, Ficus microcarpa, Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica, and Acacia leucophloea for drey construction. The study also highlights the usage of large trees with extensive crown by the GGS for various activities such as feeding, resting, moving, and nesting, thus signifying the necessity for protecting the remaining riverine habitat at Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary to ensure the long-term conservation of GGS. We recommend an urgent restoration by restocking with already existing, native tree species of the riverine habitat due to the extremely poor regeneration of trees in the riverine habitat that support the only population of the GGS in Kerala.
Podocyte Glucocorticoid Receptors Are Essential for Glomerular Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Srivastava Swayam Prakash , Zhou Han , Setia Ocean , Dardik Alan , Fernandez‐Hernando Carlos , Goodwin Julie 
Published: July 2021

Background
Proteinuria and glomerular segmental fibrosis are inevitable complications of diabetic nephropathy though their mechanisms are poorly understood. Understanding the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of proteinuria and glomerular segmental fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy is, therefore, urgently needed for patient management of this severe disease.

Methods and Results

Diabetes mellitus was induced in podocyte‐specific glucocorticoid receptor knockout (GR
PKO
) mice and control littermates by administration of streptozotocin. Primary podocytes were isolated and subjected to analysis of Wnt signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Conditioned media from primary podocytes was transferred to glomerular endothelial cells. Histologic analysis of kidneys from diabetic GR
PKO
mice showed worsened fibrosis, increased collagen deposition, and glomerulomegaly indicating severe glomerular fibrosis. Higher expression of transforming growth factor‐βR1 and β‐catenin and suppressed expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in nephrin‐positive cells were found in the kidneys of diabetic GR
PKO
mice. Podocytes isolated from diabetic GR
PKO
mice demonstrated significantly higher profibrotic gene expression and suppressed fatty acid oxidation compared with controls. Administration of a Wnt inhibitor significantly improved the fibrotic features in GR
PKO
mice. The glomerular endothelium of diabetic GR
PKO
mice demonstrated the features of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Moreover, endothelial cells treated with conditioned media from podocytes lacking GR showed increased expression of α‐smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor‐βR1 and β‐catenin levels.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that loss of podocyte GR leads to upregulation of Wnt signaling and disruption in fatty acid metabolism. Podocyte–endothelial cell crosstalk, mediated through GR, is important for glomerular homeostasis, and its disruption likely contributes to diabetic nephropathy.