bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP ON THE PATTERNS OF ANTIBIOTICS’ PRESCRIPTION AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN THE MEDICAL WARD OF A MALAYSIAN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: SHIRAZI OVAIS ULLAH , RAHMAN NORNY SYAFINAZ AB , ZIN CHE SURAYA , MAHIR HANNAH MD , ADNAN SYAMHANIN 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the impact of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) on antibiotic prescribing patterns and certain clinical outcomes, the length of stay (LOS) and the re-admission rate (RR) of the patients treated within the medical ward of a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted retrospectively. The prescriptions of the AMS included alert antibiotics (AA) such as cefepime, ceftazidime, colistin (polymyxin E), imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin were reviewed for the period of 24 mo before (May, 2012–April, 2014) and after (May, 2014–April, 2016) the AMS implementation for the patients who were treated within the medical ward of a Malaysian tertiary care hospital. Patterns of antibiotics prescribed were determined descriptively. The impact of the AMS on the length of stay (LOS) and readmission rate (RR) was determined by the interrupted time series (ITS) comparative analysis of the pre-and post-AMS segments segregated by the point of onset (May, 2014) of the AMS program. Data analysis was performed through autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) Winter Additive model and the Games-Howell non-parametric post hoc test by using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: A total of 1716 prescriptions of the AA included for the AMS program showed that cefepime (623, 36.3%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (424, 24.7%) were the most prescribed antibiotics from May 2012 to April 2016. A 23.6% drop in the number of the AA prescriptions was observed during the 24-month post-AMS period. The LOS of the patients using any of the AA showed a post-AMS decline by 3.5 d. The patients’ LOS showed an average reduction of 0.12 (95% CI, 0.05–0.19, P=0.001) with the level and slope change of 0.18 (95% CI, 0.04–0.32, P=0.02) and 0.074 (95% CI, 0.02–0.12, P=0.002), respectively. Similarly, the percent RR reduced from 20.0 to 9.85 during the 24-month post-AMS period. The observed post-AMS mean monthly reduction of the RR for the patients using any AA was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.23–0.53, P<0.001) with the level and slope change of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.14–0.51, P=0.02) and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.16–0.58, P=0.001), respectively.
Conclusion: The AMS program of a Malaysian tertiary care hospital was a coordinated set of interventions implemented by the AMS team of the hospital that comprised of the infectious diseases (ID) physician, clinical pharmacists and microbiologist. The successful implementation of the AMS program from May, 2014 to April, 2016 within the medical ward resulted in the drop of the number of AA prescriptions that sequentially resulted in the significant (P<0.05) post-AMS reduction of the LOS and the RR.
A propósito de la economía libidinal capitalista
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso 
Published: March 2021

Traducción del francés al español de Luis Alfonso Paláu-Castaño
«Evidentemente no quiero decir que no hay diferencia entre el bien y el mal, y que el bien no es nada, como el mal. Muy por el contrario, lo que quiero decir es que esta diferencia es una composición y no una oposición. Ahora bien, la metafísica reposa, por regla general, en oposiciones y engendra siempre, al mismo tiempo, dogmas. Este dogmatismo puede ser religioso, fundado sobre una religión revelada, y conservador. O también puede ser revolucionario y “progresista”, o aún liberal en el sentido de neoliberal. El dogma consiste, entonces, en perseguir toda ambición de una política pública y de una mutualización de las inversiones distintas a las fundamentadas en el provecho a corto plazo. Esto conduce ineludiblemente a que este neoliberalismo niegue de hecho toda diferencia entre el bien y el mal, y a imponer el reino de las pulsiones mientras habla en nombre del bien, dogmáticamente opuesto al mal.»
PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN JANGKA PANJANG TERHADAP LAJU INFILTRASI TANAH PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DI LAHAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI LAMPUNG
Authors: Dinu Pranata Arwan , Utomo Muhajir , Afandi Afandi , Banuwa Irwan Sukri 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem olah tanah dan pengaruh pemupukan nitrogen jangka panjang serta interaksinya terhadap laju infiltrasi tanah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jangka panjang tahun ke-32 yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2018 sampai Februari 2019 di lahan Politeknik Negeri Lampung. Penelitian ini disusun secara faktorial (2x3) dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pemupukan Nitrogen dengan0 kg N ha-1 (N0) dan 200 kg N ha-1 (N2). Faktor kedua adalah sistem olah tanah yaitu Olah Tanah Intensif (OTI), Olah Tanah Minimum (OTM), dan Tanpa Olah Tanah (TOT). Variabel pengamatan meliputi Laju infiltrasi tanah, C-organik tanah, Berat volume tanah, Porositas Tanah dan Bobot kering akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju infiltrasi tanah dipengaruhi oleh sistem olah tanah dan pemupukan nitrogen namun tidak terjadi interaksi antara kedua perlakuan. Laju infiltrasi tanah tercepat adalah pada kombinasi perlakuan olah tanah intensif dan pemupukan nitrogen (N2T1).
VIABILITAS BENIH DAN VIGOR KECAMBAH EMPAT GENOTIPE SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) PASCA PENYIMPANAN 16 BULAN
Authors: Afriansyah Muhammad , Ermawati Ermawati , Pramono Eko , Nurmiaty Yayuk 
Published: March 2021

Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia yang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber karbohidrat dan bahan pangan. Penyediaan benih bermutu merupakan upaya untuk mendukung diversifikasi pangan. Salah satu kriteria benih bermutu adalah benih yang tetap mempunyai viabilitas dan vigor yang tinggi setelah periode penyimpanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui viabilitas benih dan vigor kecambah empat genotipe sorgum pasca penyimpanan 16 bulan pada kondisi suhu simpan ±26oC dan ±18oC. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan perlakuan tunggal tidak terstruktur dengan empat genotipe sorgum yaitu Super 1 (g1), P/F-5-193C (g2), GH 3 (g3), dan GH 10 (g4). Percobaan I menggunakan suhu ruang simpan ± 26oC (T1), dan Percobaan II menggunakan suhu ruang simpan ± 18oC (T2). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Teracak Sempurna sebanyak 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan pada percobaan I suhu simpan ±26oC dan percobaan II suhu simpan ±18oC viabilitas dan vigor benih Genotipe P/F-5-193C dan GH 10 paling tinggi dari pada genotipe lainnya. Hasil ini ditunjukkan kecambah normal total, kecepatan perkecambahan, kecambah normal kuat, panjang tajuk kecambah normal, panjang akar primer kecambah normal, dan bobot kering kecambah normal.
DESKRIPSI DAN DAYA HASIL 19 KLON UBIKAYU (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN UNILA, NATAR, LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Setiawati Eka , Utomo Setyo Dwi , Nurmauli Niar , Sunyoto Sunyoto 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan deskripsi klon ubi kayu membandingkannya dengan klon unggul nasional yaitu UJ 5. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanaman ubi kayu umur 9 bulan setelah tanam atau saat masa panen yang bertempat di kebun percobaan Desa Muara Putih, Natar, Lampung Selatan. Berdasarkan pengamatan terhadap 19 klon ubi kayu, didapatkan beberapa klon dengan daya hasil tinggi. Klon dengan daya hasil tertinggi yaitu Daniel Cabang 40 dengan 49,59 t/ha, BL 8-1 dengan 48,83 t/ha, SL 36 dengan 44,25 t/ha, Mulyo 190516 dengan 39,93 t/ha, MU 35 dengan 31,90 t/ha, serta UJ 5 sebagai pembanding pada urutan 18 dengan hasil 11,37 t/ha. Terdapat 17 klon ubi kayu yang memiliki potensi panen lebih tinggi dari klon pembanding UJ 5 sebagai klon unggul nasional.
Teaching and Learning in the Time of COVID: The Student Perspective
Authors: Means Barbara , Neisler Julie 
Published: March 2021

This article describes findings from the Survey of Student Perceptions of Remote Teaching and Learning, which was administered to a random national sample of 1,008 U.S. undergraduates taking for-credit college courses that began with in-person classes and shifted to remote instruction in spring 2020. Course satisfaction levels were much lower after courses moved online, and students recounted an array of barriers to their continued learning. More than 1 in 6 students experienced frequent internet connectivity issues and/or hardware and software problems severe enough to interfere with their ability to continue learning in their courses. Students from all backgrounds struggled to stay motivated and missed getting immediate instructor feedback and collaborating with their fellow students. Students of color and students from lower-income households experienced more challenges than did non-Hispanic White students and students from higher-income households. However, even with the challenges of an unplanned shift to remote learning, a majority of students were at least somewhat satisfied with their learning in the course after COVID, and satisfaction was higher for those courses using more of the practices recommended for effective online instruction.
The Correlation Between Students' Critical Thinking and Argumentative Skill in IAIN Bukittinggi
Authors: Suryani Lia Aulia , Pami Putry Hilma , Khair Hafizul 
Published: March 2021

This research was directed to find out whether there any significant correlation between students' critical thinking and argumentative writing skill in IAIN Bukittinggi. The researcher found several problems in the field, the problems were students got difficulties in starting and developing their ideas into writing a paragraph, they have limited vocabulary in the English language, and some of the students don’t use transition signals. This research employed a correlation design. The population of this research was the students of the fifth semester in Iain Bukittinggi. The researcher used random sampling were the students of class 5A, class 5B, and 5C to get the sample of the research. In collecting the data, the researcher used a reading test to know of students of critical thinking, and the researcher used of writing test to know of argumentative writing essay. The data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 22.0 Statistic technique of product-moment t-test formula and consulted the result into t-table with the level of significant α = 0.05.The result of this study by the correlation coefficient (r-x-y) 0,787. It shows that there was a high correlation between students' critical thinking and argumentative writing, it included the scale of r interpretation score between 0,60- 0,79. Furthermore, with df =25. And the level of significance 0,05 (α= 5%) obtained 0,396. So , try = 0,787 > t table 0,396. So, Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. It means that there was a correlation between students critical thinking and argumentative writing skill.
Reading in English as a Foreign language: Examining differences in reading speed, comprehension, efficacy and L1 cross-linguistic influence across grades
Authors: Llanes Baró Àngels 
Published: March 2021

Reading in a second or foreign language (L2) is a more complicated process than reading in one's first language because it requires additional demands on the reader. Reading can be assessed from various domains. Reading fluency is known to be the most determining domain to identify reading problems (Rasinski, 2000). However, the goal of reading is comprehending a text, so comprehension should not be disregarded either. Despite the importance of reading in an L2, few studies have focused on examining its effects. The goal of the present study is threefold: first, to provide the estimates of L2 English reading rates of L1 Catalan/Spanish students of different ages and grades; second, to examine whether there are significant differences between participants of different grades in terms of reading rates, comprehension and efficacy; and third, to explore whether the students' reading rates in the L1 are correlated with their L2 reading rates and if so, the extent to which L1 reading rates explain L2 reading rates.
790 Catalan/Spanish learners of English participated in the present study. Participants were from 5th grade primary (age 12) to 2nd baccalaureate (age 18). They were asked to read two texts, one in English and the other one in their L1 (they could choose between Catalan or Spanish). They were asked to answer 7 multiple-choice comprehension questions after reading each text. Next, their scores on fluency (words read per minute), comprehension (percentage of comprehended text) and efficacy (a formula that integrates speed and comprehension) were obtained. Results show that reading fluency and comprehension are not linear and that they do not necessarily improve over time. Results also show that L1 and L2 reading fluency rates are highly correlated and that L1 reading rates explain a large percentage of L2 reading rates.
PENERAPAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI LESSON STUDY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS XI IPA-2 MAN GONDANGLEGI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Fajarianingtyas Dyah Ayu 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan inkuiri terbimbing melalui implementasi Lesson Study dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas XI IPA-2 MAN Gondanglegi Malang.Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) atau PTK.Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA-2 Tahun Pelajaran 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 36 siswa.Materi pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah Sistem Gerak.
Dari tindakan yang dilaksanakan peneliti dan pengamat dapat dilaporkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa dengan menggunakan inkuiri terbimbing.Penerapan inkuiri terbimbing melalui implementasi Lesson Study pada kelas XI IPA-2, siswa terlibat langsung dalam mempelajari dan memahami materi, siswa secara aktif bersama-sama siswa yang lain membahas dan memahami materi dalam kelompok. Pada pokok bahasan Sistem Gerak, tahap pertama siswa dibentuk dalam kelompok-kelompok dimana setiap kelompok membahas dan mempelajari serta memahami secara bersama-sama materi dan lembar kerja siswa yang telah ditentukan dan tahap kedua guru menyampaikan penguatan konsep pada materi tersebut.
Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kelas dari siklus 1 dan siklus 2 pembelajaran Biologi siswa kelas XI IPA-2 dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing mengalami peningkatan, yaitu sebesar 19,15%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada mata pelajaran Biologi.
Pattern of use of biologics in psoriasis among Indian dermatologists – A cross sectional survey
Authors: Neema Shekhar , Dabbas Disha , Radhakrishnan S. , Yadav Arun Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Biologics are a relatively new class of highly effective drugs in the management of psoriasis. They act on specific immune processes, achieve rapid and sustained clearance and do not cause target organ damage unlike conventional systemic therapy. It appears that their use in our country is not as widespread as in developed nations despite these benefits ; their prohibitive cost may be a major factor for the limited usage. This survey aimed to find out the extent of use and factors hindering usage of biologics for the management of psoriasis by Indian dermatologists.

Methods
It was a cross-sectional questionnaire based study. The questionnaire was designed after a focussed group discussion, followed by validation. The survey was sent in the form of a link to Indian dermatologists. The responses were recorded in excel-sheet and the data was analyzed by SPSS ver 25.

Results
Of the 310 participants who took part, 287 completed the survey. Two hundred (70%) were users of biologics, while 87 (30%) had never used them. Cost was the major factor which prevented biologic use. Majority of the respondents used biologics in less than 2 cases per month. Secukinumab was the most common biologic used followed by etanercept. The factors which determined choice of biologics were convenience, cost, previous experience, co-morbid conditions and recommendations by an expert.

Limitations
A small sample size was the limitation of the study. Dermatologists who do not use biologics may be under-represented in the study.

Conclusions
Biologics are not used optimally by Indian dermatologists for management of psoriasis. The cost, fear of adverse effects, lack of awareness and inadequate felt need are major factors which prevent their regular use.
Korelasi Marshall CT score sebagai prediktor mortalitas pada penderita cedera kepala di RSUD dr Abdul Aziz Singkawang
Authors: Kumoro Titah Arif Cahyo , Saragih Sonny Giat Raja , Natalia Diana 
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Cedera kepala termasuk masalah global dan salah satu penyebab terbanyak kematian dan kecacatan diseluruh dunia. Insiden cedera kepala banyak terjadi pada usia produktif, yaitu pada usia 15-24 tahun. Di Indonesia kasus trauma merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak ke-4 setelah stroke, tuberkulosis dan hipertensi. Insiden terjadinya cedera kepala di Indonesia relatif tinggi, terutama cedera kepala akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mencapai angka 19,6%. Di Kalimantan Barat sendiri jumlah korban meninggal akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas terjadi sebanyak 560 orang pada tahun 2013, 550 orang pada tahun 2014 dan 470 orang pada tahun 2015. Sedangkan insiden kecelakaan lalu lintas di Kota Singkawang tercatat 211 kasus pada tahun 2012, 168 kasus pada tahun 2013, 120 kasus pada tahun 2014, 110 kasus pada tahun 2015 dan terdapat 71 kasus pada tahun 2016. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang. Dilakukan di RSUD Dr Abdul Aziz Kota Singkawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dari seluruh rekam medis pasien bedah saraf dengan cedera kepala sedang dan berat diRSUD Abdul Aziz Kota Singkawang. Data yang diambil adalah hasil penilaian CT Scan pasien menggunakan Marshall CT Score dan penilaian hasil keluar, yang diambil berdasarkan rekam medis pasien. Sampel minimal yang diambil sebanyak 30 sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil: terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat antara Marshall CT Score dan mortalitas pada pasien cedera kepala sedang dan berat dengan nilai r mencapai 0.943 dari 66 data. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat antara Marshall CT Score dan mortalitas, yang mana semakin tinggi nilai Marshall maka semakin tinggi angka mortalitas. Nilai GCS yang terbanyak pada subjek penelitian adalah 12. Nilai Marshall CT Score terbanyak yaitu kategori diffuse injury II, dan persentase mortalitas tertinggi pada kategori non evacuated mass lesion. Angka mortalitas pada pasien cedera kepala sedang dan berat adalah 26 orang.
Perbandingan tulang dan lokomosi pada quadrupedal dan bipedal
Authors: Wicaksono Arif , Kusumaningtyas Sasanthy 
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang: Antropologi masih memperlihatkan ketertarikan dalam membandingkan struktur skeletal dan lokomosi antara manusia dan primata. Manusia dikatakan berkembang menjadi bipedal karena proses evolusi ribuan tahun dari primata. Metode: Penelitian ini membahas perubahan anatomi yang terjadi pada quadrupedal dan bipedalsecara umum kemudian mengkhususkan pada anatomi skeleton apendiculare, komparasinya dan hubungannya dengan lokomosi. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan pada beberapa detil tulang antara bipedal dan quadrupedal. Kesimpulan: Bentuk tulang pada manusia bipedal dan primata quadrupedal mirip tetapi terdapat perbedaan pada ukurandan bentuk dari skeleton appendicularnya yang menyebabkan perbedaanpembagian/penerusan beban, berbedaan lokomosi dan perbedaan energi yang diperlukan untuk melakukan lokomosi.
Towards Universal Health Coverage in Brazil: analysis of programs to expand the supply of doctors in primary health care
Authors: Fava Virgínia Maria Dalfior , Lapão Luís Velez 
Published: March 2021

Background The inequality in the access to health services in Brazil is one of the consequences of the poor distribution of doctors throughout the country. This is observed by the scarcity of these professionals working in primary health care (PHC) in the Brazilian health care system (SUS), particularly in rural and poor suburban areas. This paper analyzes the policies of the Brazilian federal government aiming to increase access to health services by encouraging physicians to work in PHC. The study examines the policies’ effects regarding the availability of doctors, and the participation of Brazilian doctors on the “Mais Médicos” Project, leading to recommendations for future strategies. Methods The research combined a scope review, based on documents produced by the federal government, and analysis of secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Health, as well as from official websites of the Brazilian government. Results The results indicate advances in innovative strategies to expand the number of physicians, increasing the availability of these professionals, and PHC coverage. However, it is still necessary to fight the scarcity of professionals and fill healthcare positions primarily in municipalities far from urban centers, poor and suburban areas, and Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts. Conclusions Improving health coverage in Brazil through strengthening primary health care will require further efforts to overcome the challenge of attracting and retaining doctors to work in disadvantaged areas, increasing the availability and accessibility of health workers. In addition, new policies need to emphasize the participation of other health professionals such as nurses, auxiliary nurses, and community health agents, as well as incorporate new technology able to reduce distances between health professionals and users of the Brazilian health care system.
Manajemen Pembelajaran
Authors: Gemnafle Mathias , Batlolona John Rafafy 
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini disusun dengan maksud mengeksplorasi masalah manajemen pembelajaran di sekolah yang patut mendapat perhatian semua pihak. Masalah mutu lulusan diberbagai jenjang dan jenis sekolah dipengaruhi pula oleh kualitas manajemen pembelajaran yang diterapkan di sekolah. Fakta bahwa seluruh proses dan hasil belajar yang dicapai siswa sangat tergantung kepada peranan, tugas dan tanggung jawab kepala sekolah dan guru di sekolah. Salah satu tugas dan peran kepala sekolah dan guru adalah pengelola proses pembelajar yang bertumpu pada kinerja yang bermutu. Proses pengelolaan di sekolah harus dimulai dari tahap perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, penilaian dan tindak lanjut. Yang menjadi tuntutan itu adalah supaya proses manajemen pembelajaran dimaksud dilakukan dengan baik dan benar oleh guru yang profesional, sehingga memuat konten pembelajaran yang mampu menghasilkan kompetensi akademik dan non akademik yang utuh di dalam diri siswa. Oleh karena itu, kualitas kerja guru dalam merencanakan sampai mengevaluasi dan menggunakan hasil belajar peserta didik, berkorelasi positif dengan mutu lulusan di sekolah. Guru yang memiliki kinerja manajerial positif yang tercermin secara efektif dalam proses belajar mengajar, tentu akan memberikan dampak besar terhadap hasil pembelajaran yang dicapai oleh peserta didiknya. Pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar di sekolah didahului dengan pekerjaan manajemen yang baik dan benar, adalah keniscayaan kerja setiap pemimpin pembelajaran yang disebut Kepala Sekolah dan guru selaku eksekutor pembelajaran di sekolah