bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and its Temperature Sensitivity Along a Vegetation Restoration Gradient in Subtropical China
Authors: Fang Xiong , Sun Haozhao , Huang Yunpeng , Liu Jundi , Zhu Yulin , Tang Xinghao , Hu Yalin , Yi Zhigang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization produces important CO2 flux from terrestrial ecosystems which can provide feedbacks to climates. Vegetation restoration can affect SOC mineralization and its temperature sensitivity (Q10), but how this effect is related to soil moisture remains uncertain. Methods We performed a laboratory incubation using soils of different vegetation restoration stages (i.e., degraded vegetation [DS], plantation [PS], and secondary natural forest [SFS]) maintained under different moisture and temperature conditions to explore the combined effects of vegetation restoration and soil moisture on SOC mineralization and Q10. Results We found that cumulative SOC mineralization in PS and SFS were about 11.7 times higher than that in the DS, associated with higher SOC content and microbial biomass. Increased soil moisture and temperature led to higher SOC mineralization in the SFS and PS. However, in the DS, soil moisture did not affect SOC mineralization, but temperature enhancement solely increased (158.7%) SOC mineralization at the 60%MWHC treatment. Furthermore, significant interactive effect of vegetation restoration and soil moisture on Q10 was detected. At the 60%MWHC treatment, Q10 declined with vegetation restoration age. Nevertheless, at the 30%MWHC treatment, Q10 was lower in the DS than that in the PS. Higher soil moisture did not affect Q10 in the PS and SFS, but enhanced Q10 in the DS. Conclusions Our results highlight that the responses of SOC mineralization and Q10 to vegetation restoration were highly dependent on soil moisture and substrate availability, and vegetation restoration reduced the influence of soil moisture on Q10.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum (1-3)-Beta-D-glucan for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Using the Fungitell Assay: Focus on Cutoff Levels
Authors: long wenzhang , xiao kunting , yuan yongqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of various levels of serum (1-3)-Beta-D-glucan(BDG) for Pneumocystis jirovecii(PJ) infection using Fungitell assay.MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE, and the reference lists of relevant studies were identified up to March 12,2021, with no language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models for bivariate analysis. Subgroup analyses were implemented in HIV-positive Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), HIV-negative PJP, and PJP versus colonized patients.ResultsNineteen individual studies that included a total of 2,310 participants met our inclusion criteria. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio(LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−),and 95 % confidence interval CI of serum-BDG were 0.94(95 % CI: 0.89–0.96),0.76 (95 % CI: 0.65–0.85), 3.99 (95 % CI: 2.59–6.13),0.08 (95 % CI: 0.05–0.15), respectively. Futher stratified analysis of diagnostic values showed that various levels of serum BDG differed in sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR− in the diagnosis of PJP. Subgroup analyses also indicated that the cutoff value of 200 pg/mL had sufficient diagnostic accuracy in HIV-positive PJP patients versus controls. Moreover, the 80 pg/mL cutoff value had satisfactory diagnostic accuracy in PJP versus colonized patients, a overall sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.73-0.93), a overall specificity of 0.82(95% CI,0.73-0.88), a overall LR+ 4.70(95 % CI: 3.11–7.08), and a overall LR−0.17(95 % CI: 0.09–0.34),individually.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that the optimal positive threshold for serum BDG, tested by the Fungitell assay, requires better definition and clinical validation rather than the recommended cutoff of 80pg/mL by the manufacturer in the diagnosis of PJP. These cutoff values could be further refined in additional studies that focus on populations that are as homogeneous as possible.
Application Effect of Computer-Aided Design Combined with Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in Autologous Tooth Transplantation：A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Han Shuang , Wang Hui , Chen Jue , Zhao Jihong , Zhong Haoyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:To examine the effectiveness of computer-aided design combined with the 3D printing technology in autotransplantation of teeth by using retrospective analysis.Methods: We divided 41 tooth autotransplantation cases which assisted by 3D-printed donor models and surgical guides into two groups in accordance with whether the donor tooth could be placed successfully after the preparation of alveolar socket guided by the model tooth. Then, we compared and analyzed the preparation time of alveolar socket, extra-alveolar time, and number of positioning trials of the donor tooth between the two groups. We also included a comparison of the in vitro time of the donor tooth with that of 15 min. The incidence of complications was included in the prognostic evaluation.Results: The mean preparation time of the alveolar socket, mean extra-alveolar time of donor tooth, and mean number of positioning trials with donor tooth of 41 cases were 12.73 ± 6.18 min, 5.56 ± 3.11 min, and 2.61 ± 1.00, respectively. The group wherein the donor tooth cannot be placed successfully (15.57 ± 6.14 min, 7.29 ± 2.57 min) spent more preparation time of alveolar socket and extra-alveolar time than the group wherein the donor tooth can be placed successfully (9.75 ± 4.73 min, 3.75 ± 2.57 min). The number of positioning trials with the donor tooth of the group wherein the donor tooth cannot be placed successfully (3.19±0.75) was higher than that of the other group (2.00 ± 0.86). Conclusions: Compared with the traditional tooth autotransplantation, the introduction of computer-aided design combined with 3D printing of the model tooth and surgical guides evidently shortens the preparation time of the alveolar socket and the extra-alveolar time of the donor tooth and reduces the number of positioning trials with the donor tooth regardless of the shape deviation between the model and actual teeth.
A Novel Dosimetric Metrics-Based Risk Model to Predict Local Recurrence in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated With Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
Authors: M.D. Wenjun , He Jinlan , Liu Zijian , Tian Maolang , Yang Jiangping , Han Jiaqi , Xiao Jianghong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

To develop a risk model based on dosimetric metrics to predict local recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensive modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
Methods

493 consecutive patients were included, among whom 44 were with local recurrence. One-to-two propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance variables between recurrent and non-recurrent groups. Dosimetric metrics were extracted, and critical dosimetric predictors of local recurrence were identified by Cox regression model. Moreover, recurrent sites and patterns were examined by transferring the recurrent tumor to the pretreatment planning computed tomography.
Results

After PSM, 44 recurrent and 88 non-recurrent patients were used for dosimetric analysis. The univariate analysis showed that eight dosimetric metrics and homogeneity index were significantly associated with local recurrence. The risk model integrating D5 and D95 achieved a C-index of 0.706 for predicting 3-year local recurrence free survival (LRFS). By grouping patients using median value of risk score, patients with risk score ˃ 0.885 had significantly lower 3-year LRFS (66.2% vs. 86.4%, p = 0.023). As for recurrent features, the proportion of relapse in nasopharynx cavity, clivus, and pterygopalatine fossa was 61.4%, 52.3%, and 40.9%, respectively; and in field, marginal, and outside field recurrence constituted 68.2%, 20.5% and 11.3% of total recurrence, respectively.
Conclusions

The current study developed a novel risk model that could effectively predict the LRFS in NPC patients. Additionally, nasopharynx cavity, clivus, and pterygopalatine fossa were common recurrent sites and in field recurrence remained the major failure pattern of NPC in the IMRT era.
Demographics, Sleep Apnea and Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Treatment-Related Characteristics Associated with PAP Adherence: A Large Retrospective Community-Based Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Villa Jonathan , Dales Robert , Kendzerska Tetyana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Despite many years of research, multiple factors have inconsistently shown to be associated with positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence. We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the association between selected demographics, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) - and PAP treatment-related factors, generally available, and objective PAP therapy adherence.We considered all consented individuals with OSA who purchased a PAP device from a registered vendor (Ottawa, Ontario) between 2011 and 2017 who had usage data available. PAP adherence was measured objectively as PAP use for at least 4 hours on at least 70% of days on treatment. In our cohort, 7,147/11,634 (61.5%) of participants were deemed adherent to PAP. The median percentage of days PAP therapy was used was 82% (IQR: 48-97%), and the median number of days PAP therapy was used for greater than 4 hours was 95 (IQR: 28-372). In multivariable logistic regression considering all variables available, the effect of body mass index, age, and minimum SaO2 at baseline sleep study were significantly associated with PAP adherence.
A Correlation based study using air quality and meteorological parameters for the outbreak of COVID-19 on major affected districts in India
Authors: Gupta Amitesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Air quality is an important factor for human health conditions. Simultaneously, suitable meteorology poses the circumstances for virus transmission. Hence, we investigated both these two important aspects for the COVID-19 pandemic. We correlated the remote sensing based observations of meteorological parameters and air quality parameters with COVID-19 cases from 657 districts all over the country and found that air quality parameters are playing very crucial role along with a few meteorological parameters for this outbreak. We observed that air temperature, and wind speed were significantly and positively correlated with COVID-19 cases but precipitation and humidity were negatively correlated with confirmed cases. Cloudiness had no significant relation in this aspect. Among the air pollutants, O3 was better correlating with COVID-19 cases. AOD representing the particulate matter concentration also significantly correlated with such cases majorly over Indo-Gangetic plain region. The carbon-pollutants CO was also very high over the same region. Though NO2 and SO2 were reduced during lockdown, due to the power generation and mining activities both these gases were quite highly correlated over eastern India region. We noted the eastern and western coastal districts of India and districts from the low-lying plain areas had more cases during this pandemic. Our study suggests that improving air quality with proper strict regulations and complete lockdown during the peak of pandemic could reduce the misfortune in all over India. Hence, the summer season could be susceptible and might pose a gesture of seasonality for this disease.
Vulnerability of Fishery-based Livelihoods to Climate Variability and Change in a Tropical Island: Insights From Small Scale Fishers in Seychelles
Authors: Etongo Daniel , Arrisol Lyn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An indicator approach based on six major components and their corresponding sub-components was applied in order to assess community vulnerability of small-scale fishers on Mahe and Praslin Island with the framework of the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). These major major components include socio-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, food, health, social networks, and natural disasters and climate variability from which questionnaires were designed based on expert judgements. Fisher associations on Mahe and Praslin provided guidance for the selection of fishing households and a total of 80 surveys were completed with 40 from each island. Three shared dialogue workshops (SDWs) were conducted to gather additional qualitative data. A composite index was used to aggregate the data and the LVI-IPCC methodology was applied in the calculation of the contributing factors of the sub-components to the major components and the overall vulnerability was deduced for exposure, adaptive capacity and sensitivity. Results showed that the percentage of fishers’ households that depend mainly on fisheries as a source of income was 95% and 97% for Mahe and Praslin respectively with alternative income streams along the fishing value chain such as transportation, fish mongers and processor. Fishers on Mahe Island had a dependency ratio index that was slightly higher than those on Praslin. Overall, fishing households on Mahe showed greater vulnerability on socio-demographic profile index compared to their counterparts on Praslin. However, greater livelihood diversification was recorded for householders on Mahe than Praslin – an indication that the level of development on the former as the largest island and capital of Seychelles offer greater opportunities for diversification. The SDWs revealed that fishers earned income from tourism-related activities such as guest house, car rental, boat ride, and sales of coconuts. While householders on Mahe struggled to find fish for 3 months during the southeast monsoon season, those on Praslin had just 2 months given that they are granted access to fish in the lagoon during this season. More importantly, the voluntary closure of some fishing zones between the months of November to April on Praslin is a sustainability strategy with an increase in size and number observed for rabbit and parrotfish. Further studies are needed in two key areas as follows: the role of subsidies and sustainable fisheries management, and a value-chain approach to vulnerability of small-scale fishers within the fishery sector in Seychelles.
Low Serum Maresin-1 Levels Are Associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Fang Xia , Wang Hongya , Ye Ting , Fu Xiaolan , Tan Xiaozhen , Zeng Yan , Fan Jiahao , Xu Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Maresin-1 is one of anti-inflammatory pro-resolving mediators, which is considered as a potential regulator of metabolic diseases. However, little information is available on the relationship between Maresin-1 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. Therefore, this study explored the associations between serum Maresin-1 levels and NAFLD.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 240 Chinese people, including 116 non-NAFLD subjects and 124 NAFLD patients. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Serum Maresin-1 levels were determined by ELISA. The association between Maresin-1 and NAFLD was assessed.
Results

Serum Maresin-1 levels in NAFLD patients were markedly lower than those in non-NAFLD subjects (63.63 [59.87–73.93] vs 73.11 [65.12–84.50] pg/mL, P = 0.000). The percentages of patients with NAFLD gradually decreased in tandem with increasing quartiles of Maresin-1 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, serum Maresin-1 levels were positively associated with AST/ALT, albumin, Albumin-globulin-ratio, and HDL-C (all P < 0.05) and negatively associated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, ALT, GGT, uric acid, TG, and FBG (all P < 0.05) after adjusting for sex and age. We found that serum Maresin-1 levels were significantly associated with NAFLD by binary logistic regression analysis.
Conclusions

Circulating Maresin-1 levels were decreased in patients with NAFLD, and there was a negative correlation between NAFLD and serum Maresin-1 concentrations. Decreased Maresin-1 might be involved in the development of NAFLD.
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis related to COVID-19- A case series exploring risk factors
Authors: Aggarwal Sushil Kumar , Kaur Upinder , Talda Dolly , Pandey Akshat , Jaiswal Sumit , Kanakan Ahalya , Goyal Arpit , Yadav Ramraj , Singh Anshuman , Dhameja Neeraj , Selvaraj Siva , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There has been a surge of rhino-orbital mucormycosis cases in India in the wake of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been widely suggested that dysglycaemia due to diabetes present as a common comorbidity in these COVID-19 patients as well as indiscriminate steroid use has resulted in this surge. Here, we report a series of 13 cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients admitted at our center between mid-April and early June 2021. Out of the 13, the only common factor was COVID-19 at some time point before diagnosis of mucormycosis or coexistent with it. The cases showed a male preponderance and four of them showed intracranial extension of disease. Eleven of them had received steroids as part of COVID-19 management protocol and twelve of them had pre-existing or newly diagnosed diabetes. We have summarized other probable risk factors being considered such as immunosuppressed state, antiviral and Ayurvedic (Indian traditional) medications, oxygen therapy, with each of which we could not find a link of mucormycosis. We propose that COVID-19 itself through molecular mechanisms predisposes to mucormycosis, with other factors such as dysglycaemia providing a second hit.
Prospects for the introduction of ornamental plants of the genus Sage (Salvia L.) to the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Pereboichuk Oxana , Mashkovska Svitlana 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Analysis of species and varietal diversity of the genus Salvia L. cultivated flora of the world, including Ukraine; prognostic assessment and determination of the directions of ornamental representatives of the genus introduction to the conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization of information data, introduction forecast.
Results. The modern assortment of the genus Salvia is presented in quantitative, taxonomic, arealogical and ecological-cenotic terms. Belonging of the species of the genus to 6 main centers of origin of cultivated plants was determined, and a significant diversity of life forms (nanophanerophytes, microphanerophytes, hamephites, hemicryptophytes, theophytes), naturally formed under the influence of factors determined by different geographical and ecological-phytocenotic conditions of plant growth was reflected. Species assortment of the genus Salvia from the collection fund of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was analyzed in comparison with the collections of other Ukrainian botanical gardens. The list of decorative species of the collection, found in the natural flora of Ukraine, was given. Three groups of species have been identified by origin, what determines the conditions for plant cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In terms of taxonomic structure, introduced sage species belong to eight (according to Bentham, 1833) out of twelve sections, which represent biomorphological diversity and confirm the high introduction potential of these plants. The species and interspecific hybrids most fully used in breeding work and represented by a significant varietal diversity were distinguished, as well as the sage assortment of the collection of ornamental plants of the NBG was presented.
Conclusions. It has been revealed that the species and varietal diversity of the genus Salvia of the world cultivated flora has a significant introduction potential for the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It was determined that the main base for the introduction of the ornamental species of the genus Salvia in Ukraine is the collection of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The main directions of further introduction and breeding work with representatives of the genus Salvia in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Ukraine were highlighted.
Repurposing Ruxolitinib in Combating COVID-19: A Mini-review
Authors: Begum Inshia , Murthuza Fathima , Iqbaluddin Juwairiya Syed , Arsal Hafsah Fatima 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The pandemic caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2), is believed to be one of the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century. Recent collective evidence has warranted
Ruxolitinib as a potential agent in recovery. Ruxolitinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of Jack kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 with modest to marked selectivity against tyrosine kinase 2 and JAK3, respectively.

Objective:
The review aims to outline the current evidence regarding the repurposed treatment for COVID- 19 and to give an insight into the clinical trials.
There has been considerable interest in introducing existing therapeutic agents against COVID-19 to reduce the severity of illness and ease the
burden on public healthcare systems.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using keywords like ‘Ruxolitinib trial’ and ‘COVID-19 Ruxolitinib’ on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science
Direct, and Cochrane databases to select research papers and articles on the topic published from January to October 2020. Inclusion criteria were
restricted to articles on Ruxolitinib and COVID, whereas the exclusion criteria stipulated that any study done on COVID-19 involving mixed
treatment regimen with Ruxolitinib and other drugs or any studies not pertinent to the purpose of the study were omitted.

Conclusion:
Based on the successful outcomes of various researches conducted and clinical trials performed, the use of Ruxolitinib has shown significant
improvement and faster clinical recovery among COVID-19 patients of varying severity of infection, advanced age and multiple comorbidities.
This review provides an overview of various such studies with their promising outcomes.
An Applicative Survey on Few-shot Learning
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Chen Wei , Zhang Xubin , Lv Lei , Di Yining 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Learning discriminative representation from large-scale data sets has made
a breakthrough in decades. However, it is still a thorny problem to generate representative embedding
from limited examples, for example, a class containing only one image. Recently, deep learning-
based Few-Shot Learning (FSL) has been proposed. It tackles this problem by leveraging prior
knowledge in various ways.

Objective:
In this work, we review recent advances of FSL in a perspective of high-dimensional
representation learning. The results of the analysis can provide insights and directions for future
work.

Methods:
We first present the definition of general FSL. Then, we propose a general framework for
the FSL problem and give the taxonomy under the framework. We survey two FSL directions:
learning policy and meta-learning.

Results:
We review the advanced applications of FSL, including image classification, object detection,
image segmentation and other tasks etc., as well as the corresponding benchmarks to provide
an overview of recent progress.

Conclusion:
In future work, FSL needs to be further studied in medical images, language models
and reinforcement learning. In addition, cross-domain FSL, successive FSL and associated FSL are
more challenging and valuable research directions.