bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resequencing of global Tartary buckwheat accessions reveals multiple domestication events and key loci associated with agronomic traits
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , He Ming , Fan Yu , Zhao Hui , Gao Bin , Yang Keli , Li Faliang , Tang Yu , Gao Qiang , Lin Tao , Quinet Muriel , Janovská Dagmar , Meglič Vladimir , Kwiatkowski Jacek , Romanova Olga , Chrungoo Nikhil , Suzuki Tatsuro , Luthar Zlata , Germ Mateja , Woo Sun-Hee , Georgiev Milen I. , Zhou Meiliang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a nutritionally balanced and flavonoid-rich crop plant that has been in cultivation for 4000 years and is now grown globally. Despite its nutraceutical and agricultural value, the characterization of its genetics and its domestication history is limited.ResultsHere, we report a comprehensive database of Tartary buckwheat genomic variation based on whole-genome resequencing of 510 germplasms. Our analysis suggests that two independent domestication events occurred in southwestern and northern China, resulting in diverse characteristics of modern Tartary buckwheat varieties. Genome-wide association studies for important agricultural traits identify several candidate genes, includingFtUFGT3andFtAP2YT1that significantly correlate with flavonoid accumulation and grain weight, respectively.ConclusionsWe describe the domestication history of Tartary buckwheat and provide a detailed resource of genomic variation to allow for genomic-assisted breeding in the improvement of elite cultivars.
Trematode diversity reflecting the community structure of Danish freshwater systems: molecular clues
Authors: Duan Yajiao , Al-Jubury Azmi , Kania Per Walter , Buchmann Kurt 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Digenean trematodes are parasitic platyhelminths that use several hosts in their life cycles and are thereby embedded in various ecosystems affected by local environmental conditions. Their presence in a habitat will reflect the presence of different host species and, as such, they can serve as ecological indicators. Only limited information on the occurrence of trematodes and their link to other trophic levels in the Danish freshwater ecosystems is currently available.Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to increase our knowledge in this field.

Methods
Snails were sampled from 21 freshwater lakes in Denmark, following which shedding procedures were performed, cercariae were recoved and the released parasites were identified using molecular tools (PCR and sequencing).

Results
A total of 5657 snail hosts belonging to ten species were identified, revealing a highly diverse parasite fauna comprising 22 trematode species. The overall trematode prevalence was 12.6%, but large variations occurred between host species. The snail host Lymnaea stagnalis showed the highest prevalence and also exhibited the highest diversity, accounting for 47.6% of the species richness.

Conclusions
This survey contributes updated information on parasite–host relations and compatibility and may assist in describing the ecological structure of the investigated Danish freshwater ecosystems.

Graphical Abstract
Photoacoustic and high-frequency ultrasound imaging of systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: Daoudi Khalid , Kersten Brigit E. , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. , van den Hoogen Frank H. J. , Vonk Madelon C. , de Korte Chris L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Systemic sclerosis starts with an early phase characterized by Raynaud’s phenomenon, puffy fingers/hands, autoantibodies, and a scleroderma nailfold microscopic pattern. Alterations in the nailfold microscopic pattern are not evident in all early SSc patients. Photoacoustics (PA) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) could fulfill this need. The former can measure oxygen saturation while the latter can measure skin thickening. We hypothesize that photoacoustics and high-frequency ultrasound can distinguish (early) SSc patients from individuals with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (PRP) by measuring oxygenation of the fingertip and skin thickening.

Methods
We compared measurements of oxygenation and skin thickness of the third finger between (early) SSc patients and PRP individuals and healthy controls. The spearman rank correlation was used to analyze an association between capillary density and oxygen saturation of the fingers.

Results
Thirty-one adult subjects participated in this study: twelve patients with SSc, 5 patients with early SSc, 5 volunteers with PR, and 9 healthy controls.
We found a significant difference in oxygen saturation between (early) SSc patients (80.8% ± 8.1 and 77.9% ± 10.5) and individuals with PRP (93.9% ± 1.1).
Measurements of skin thickening showed a significant difference in (early) SSc patients compared to individuals with PRP (0.48 ± 0.06 mm and 0.51 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.27 ± 0.01 mm). There was no significant difference between healthy and PRP individuals in oxygenation or skin thickening.

Conclusion
Photoacoustic and high-frequency ultrasound could help to distinguish between (early) SSc, PRP, and healthy individuals in both oxygenation and skin thickening.
Overall reduced lymphocyte especially T and B subsets closely related to the poor prognosis and the disease severity in severe patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Dafeng , Wang Yong , Zhao Bennan , Lan Lijuan , Liu Yaling , Bao Lei , Chen Hong , Yang Min , Li Qingfeng , Zeng Yilan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
A dysregulated host immune response is common in patients with COVID-19.

Aim
In this study, we aimed to define the characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and their relationship with disease progression in COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods
The baseline peripheral lymphocyte subsets were compared between 55 healthy controls and 95 patients with confirmed COVID-19, and between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients with or without DM.

Results
The prevalence of DM in the COVID-19 group was 20%, and patients with severe COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of DM than those with non-severe disease (P = 0.006). Moreover, a significantly poor prognosis and a higher rate of severity were found in those with DM relative to those without DM (P = 0.001, 0.003). Generally, all lymphocytes and subsets of lymphocytes, especially B and T cells, were significant reduced in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those with DM. Patients with severe COVID-19 and DM had the lowest lymphocyte counts compared with those with severe COVID-19 without DM, and those with non-severe COVID-19 with or without DM. Partially decreased lymphocyte subsets, age and DM were closely related to disease progression and prognosis.

Conclusions
These findings provide a reference for clinicians that immunomodulatory treatment may improve disease progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease with DM.
Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2000034563
Inversion of Love waves in earthquake ground motion records for two-dimensional S-wave velocity model of deep sedimentary layers
Authors: Kasamatsu Kentaro , Yamanaka Hiroaki , Sakai Shin’ichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a new waveform inversion method to estimate the 2D S-wave velocity structure of deep sedimentary layers using broadband Love waves. As a preprocessing operation in our inversion scheme, we decompose earthquake observation records into velocity waveforms for periods of 1 s each. Then, we include in the inversion only those periods for which the assumption of 2D propagation holds, which we propose to determine through a principal component analysis. A linearized iterative inversion analysis for the selected Love wave segments filtered for periods of 1 s each allows a detailed estimation of the boundary shapes of interfaces over the seismic bedrock with an S-wave velocity of approximately 3 km/s. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique with applications to observed seismograms in the Kanto Plain, Japan. The differences between the estimated and existing velocity structure models are remarkable at the basin edges. Our results show remarkable differences from previous existing structural models, particularly near the basin edges while being in good agreement with the surface geology. Since a subsurface structure at a basin edge strongly affects the earthquake ground motions in a basin with the generation of surface waves, our method can provide a detailed model of a complex S-wave velocity structure at an edge part for strong ground motion prediction.
Fixation of olecranon osteotomy only with 6′5 mm partially trheaded cancellous screw is a safe an effective method used in surgical management of distal humerus fractures
Authors: Cañete San Pastor Pablo , Lopez Valenciano Javier , Copete Ivan , Prosper Ramos Inma 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the osteosynthesis with a 6.5 mm screw and washer of a Chevron shape olecranon osteotomy performed for the surgical approach of supraintercondylar fractures of the distal humerus, achieving union and complication rates better or similar to other published case series.

Methods
From 2009 to 2019, 26 patients underwent fixation of an olecranon osteotomy for the treatment of a supraintercondylar fracture of the distal humerus with partially threaded cancellous cannulated screws of 6.5 mm diameter with a washer. The patients were followed for at least 1 year, taking radiographs the day after the surgery, at 3, 6 and 12 months. Complications have been collected: infection, loss of reduction, non-union, delay of union, discomfort of the osteosynthesis hardware.
The diameter of the ulna medullary canal diaphysis was also measured in all patients.

Results
Consolidation of the osteotomy was 100% at 12 months. The average time of radiological consolidation was 112 ± 12 days. The average size of the ulna medullary canal diaphysis was 6′06 ± 0′16 mm on anteroposterior radiographs and 5′65 ± 0′14 mm on lateral radiographs. The mean screw length was 102′31 mm ± 3′89. We found 1 acute infection, 2 osteotomies delays of union (one of these cases was the acute infection case), one early osteosynthesis failure and 1 wound dehiscence.

Conclusions
Olecranon ostetomy fixation with a 6′5 mm cancelous partial threaded screw and washer is safe and effective with a high consolidation rate and excellent results and with complication rates similar to or lower than other fixation methods published. Long enough screws must be used to get a good cortical grip with enough stability.

Level of evidence
Level IV, Case series, retrospective review.
Capacitance measurements on integrated conductors for detection of matrix cracks in GFRP
Authors: Buggisch Christina , Gagani Abedin , Fiedler Bodo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor the reliable and cost-efficient application of glass fibre polymer composites in structural applications, knowledge of the damage state of the material during operation is necessary. Within this work, a structural health monitoring method based on in-situ electrical capacitance measurements is presented, which enables damage monitoring in glass fibre reinforced polymers. For this purpose, individual glass fibre rovings in a non-crimp fabric were replaced by carbon fibre rovings at regular intervals. Additionally, specimens with solid or stranded copper conductors were manufactured to gain insights into the influences of conductor material and composition. The modified fabrics were implemented as 90 ∘ layers of [0/904]s glass fibre polymer cross-ply laminates. To monitor the progressive damage, conductive rovings were contacted, forming the capacitor walls of interleaved capacitors. Carbon fibre conductors show higher sensitivity of the capacitance to crack formation than solid or stranded copper conductors. Capacitance decrease measured in-situ during tensile tests on specimens with carbon fibre conductors shows a high correlation with crack initiation, further crack formation and speed of crack evolution. An analytical model can describe the correlation based on the assumptions of an ideal plate capacitor. Thus, the structural health monitoring method developed in this work can reveal in-situ knowledge of the material damage state.
Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and high-frequency audiometry results in Behçet’s disease
Authors: Abdel Baki Noha M. , Zahran Abeer Mohamed Ahmed , Dabbous Abeir Osman , Koura Rabab Ahmed , Hamdy Mona Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHearing is commonly impaired in Behçet’s disease (BD). Also, vestibular abnormalities as well as cochlear function affection have been found. The inflammatory process which leads to BD may be the cause of vestibular frequency audiometry abnormalities in those patients. The aim of this study is to assess hearing and vestibulo-colic reflex in Behçet patients using convential pure-tone audiometry (cPTA), high-frequency audiometry (HFA), and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP).ResultsThis study included 25 patients with BD (group I), whose age ranged from 21 to 45 years, with a mean age of 34.24 ± 7.07 years. The control group (group II) comprised 20 normal adults whose ages are between 21 and 45 years, with a mean age of 30.8 ± 8.02 years. The measured cVEMP parameters which include the mean peak latency of P13 and the mean peak latency of N23 were statistically significantly different between the patients suffering from BD and the control groups. All BD patients had high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) starting from 4 up to 12.5 kHz. The mean thresholds of the audiometry were significantly higher in the diseased group.ConclusioncVEMP testing can be used for the evaluation of the vestibulo-colic reflex in BD patients. The occurrence of hearing loss especially in high-frequency regions is a common finding in patients suffering from BD, and a HFA may be a valuable tool in early exploration of hearing loss in patients with BD.
Risk of adverse outcome of COVID-19 among patients in secure psychiatric services: observational cohort study
Authors: Basrak Natasa , Mulcrone Naoise , Sharifuddin Sue , Ghumman Zeshan , Bechan Nirvana , Mohamed Enas , Murray Michael , Rajendran Hariharan , Gunnigle Sean , Nolan Mark , Quane Tim , Terao Masashi , Hoare Tracey , Kirrane Kevin , Kennedy Harry G. , Davoren Mary 
Published: January 2021

Background
Secure forensic mental health services treat patients with high rates of treatment-resistant psychoses. High rates of obesity and medical comorbidities are common. Population-based studies have identified high-risk groups in the event of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including those with problems such as obesity, lung disease and immune-compromising conditions. Structured assessment tools exist to ascertain the risk of adverse outcome in the event of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Aims
To assess risk of adverse outcome in the event of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a complete population of forensic psychiatry patients using structured assessment tools.

Method
All patients of a national forensic mental health service (n = 141) were rated for risk of adverse outcome in the event of SARS-CoV-2 infection, using two structured tools, the COVID-Age tool and the COVID-Risk tool.

Results
We found high rates of relevant physical comorbidities. Mean chronological age was 45.5 years (s.d. = 11.4, median 44.1), mean score on the COVID-Age tool was 59.1 years (s.d. = 19.4, median 58.0), mean difference was 13.6 years (s.d. = 15.6), paired t = 10.9, d.f. = 140, P < 0.001. Three patients (2.1%) were chronologically over 70 years of age, compared with 43 (30.5%) with a COVID-Age over 70 (χ2 = 6.99, d.f. = 1, P = 0.008, Fisher's exact test P = 0.027).

Conclusions
Patients in secure forensic psychiatric services represent a high-risk group for adverse outcomes in the event of SARS-COV-2 infection. Population-based guidance on self-isolation and other precautions based on chronological age may not be sufficient. There is an urgent need for better physical health research and treatment in this group.
Influence of Particle Size and Drug Load on Amorphous Solid Dispersions Containing pH-Dependent Soluble Polymers and the Weak Base Ketoconazole
Authors: Monschke Marius , Kayser Kevin , Wagner Karl G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmong the great number of poorly soluble drugs in pharmaceutical development, most of them are weak bases. Typically, they readily dissolve in an acidic environment but are prone to precipitation at elevated pH. This was aimed to be counteracted by the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using the pH-dependent soluble polymers methacrylic acid ethylacrylate copolymer (Eudragit L100–55) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) via hot-melt extrusion. The hot-melt extruded ASDs were of amorphous nature and single phased with the presence of specific interactions between drug and polymer as revealed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The ASDs were milled and classified into six particle size fractions. We investigated the influence of particle size, drug load, and polymer type on the dissolution performance. The best dissolution performance was achieved for the ASD made from Eudragit L100–55 at a drug load of 10%, whereby the dissolution rate was inversely proportional to the particle size. Within a pH-shift dissolution experiment (from pH 1 to pH 6.8), amorphous-amorphous phase separation occurred as a result of exposure to acidic medium which caused markedly reduced dissolution rates at subsequent higher pH values. Phase separation could be prevented by using enteric capsules (Vcaps Enteric®), which provided optimal dissolution profiles for the Eudragit L100–55 ASD at a drug load of 10%.
Cross-Coupling Reactions of Persistent Tertiary Carbon Radicals
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Kanomata Kyohei , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The scope of cross-coupling reactions using tertiary carbon-centered radicals has expanded rapidly over the past decade. In this review, we outline the development of the cross-coupling reactions that involve persistent tertiary carbon-centered radicals as a powerful toolbox to synthesize molecules containing quaternary carbon(s) and/or tetra-substituted carbon(s). In particular, we focus on persistent tertiary carbon-centered radicals derived from carbonyl- or related compounds. We first describe the historical background and structural characterization of these radicals, and their reactivity/selectivity relationships. We then present selected recent examples of cross-coupling reactions involving tertiary carbon-centered radicals, categorized according to the originally proposed reaction mechanism, to showcase their versatile synthetic utility for structural diversification of small molecules.
PI3K inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resistant oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Edge Sarah D , Renard Isaline , Pyne Emily , Li Chun , Moody Hannah , Roy Rajarshi , Beavis Andrew W , Archibald Stephen J , Cawthorne Christopher J , Maher Stephen G , Pires Isabel M 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) prior to surgery is the standard of care for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) patients. Unfortunately, most patients fail to respond to treatment. MiR-187 was previously shown to be downregulated in neo-CRT non-responders, whist in vitro miR-187 overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity and upregulated PTEN. This study evaluates the role of miR-187 and downstream PI3K signalling in radiation response in OAC.

Methods:
The effect of miR-187 overexpression on downstream PI3K signalling was evaluated in OAC cell lines by qPCR and Western blotting. PTEN expression was analysed in OAC pre-treatment biopsies of neo-CRT responders and non-responders. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K using GDC-0941 was evaluated in combination with radiotherapy in two-dimensional and three-dimensional OAC models in vitro and as a single agent in vivo. Radiation response in vitro was assessed via clonogenic assay.

Results:
PTEN expression was significantly decreased in neo-CRT non-responders. MiR-187 overexpression significantly upregulated PTEN expression and inhibited downstream PI3K signalling in vitro. GDC-0941 significantly reduced viability and enhanced radiation response in vitro and led to tumour growth inhibition as a single agent in vivo.

Conclusion:
Targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who have repressed miR-187 expression and do not respond to conventional neo-CRT.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study evaluating the effect of PI3K inhibition on radiosensitivity in OAC, with a particular focus on patients that do not respond to neo-CRT. We have shown for the first time that targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising alternative therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who do not respond to conventional neo-CRT.
Optimization of catheter placement for convection-enhanced delivery to brain tumors
Authors: Antoine Lisa H. , Koomullil Roy P. , Wick Timothy M. , Nakhmani Arie 
Published: January 2021

Background:Recent trends suggest that physicians will diagnose thousands of children in the United States with a brain or central nervous system tumor in 2020. Malignant brain tumors are difficult to treat, with low life expectancy rates in children and adults. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) shows promise for the treatment of brain tumors, yet remains in clinical trials despite being developed more than 20 years ago. To advance CED to standard of care status and help improve survival rates, this study group developed a quantitative computer simulation model to determine and optimize therapy distribution in brain tumors based on the catheter infusion locations for CED.Methods:The simulations resulted in the identification of four infusion reference locations, which were used to conduct an optimization study to identify the optimal locations for CED. Patient-specific T1-weighted images and diffusion-weighted images provided information regarding tumor shape and size and the approximate rate at which therapy distributes at spatial locations within the tumor. Using the images, the researchers in this study developed a model which allowed the calculation of therapy distribution within the tumor while considering its permeability, porosity, and interstitial fluid pressure characteristics. We divided the tumor into regions and calculated distribution for four infusion locations per region. Using the location from each region with the highest volume distribution allowed our study group to conduct the response surface optimization.Results:Twelve optimal locations emerged from the optimization with volume percentage distributions ranging from 7.92% to 9.09%, compared to 2.87% to 6.32% coverage for non-optimal locations. This optimization method improved distribution from 27.80% to 45.95%, which may improve therapeutic value.Conclusions:Catheter placement appears to influence volume therapy distribution percentages. The selection of the highest percentages per region may provide optimal therapy for the entire tumor region.