bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green and Sustainable Antibiofouling Coatings: A Review
Authors: Amir Siti Nabilah , Yusof Nur Zulaikha , Ismail Razali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Marine biofouling, the unwanted accumulation of living organisms on man-made structures is worsening every year. Biofouling in marine environment usually occurs in any wetted surface, submerged for a period of time in the seawater. This phenomenon happens in few stages started with conditioning and followed by attachment and colonization. Marine biofouling is a highly cost problem which requires unnecessary waste of financial source especially in fuel consumption and production time as well as safety problems. The currently used antibiofouling paint is reported to be highly toxic and threatening the marine organisms. The most commonly used antibiofouling agents are biocide-based such as the tributyl-n-tin (TBT), Sea Nine 211, Irgarol 1051, Diuron and the copper-based. The well-developed coating companies such as Hempel USA, SeaCoat Technology, Nippon Paint and many more has started their involvement in making the earths greener by introducing the non-biocide coating that is claimed to be as good as the biocide based antibiofouling coatings. Although the paints did not clearly state the antibiofouling agents used to replace biocide, the paints introduced are however, still has its own drawbacks. The secondary metabolites extractedfrom natural products as a defence mechanism is a potential green antibiofouling agent. Apart of its lower toxicity, natural products are also biodegradable. Further study on development of sustainable antibiofouling coating is crucial. This paper intended to review available green and sustainable antifouling compound used as paint or coating. The effectiveness and toxicity of the antifoulant will be critically reviewed.
Luffa Gourd Production Practices from Transplanting and Direct Seeding Methods for Composite Productions
Authors: Awal Asmah , Adam Salwa , Shamsuri Shampazuraini , Yusuf Nor Azma , Ibrahim Nordiana , Elias Erfan Zafran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
World is facing an increase of environmental concerns recently regarding on natural and synthetic fibers problems. Producing synthetic fibers may cost highly and create a few financial issues on the production matter. Moreover, synthetic fiber products have several disadvantages such as they are non-biodegradable. Some of them may cause health related problems and expose a significant risk. Researchers aimed to find the replacement for synthetic fibers with less cost production and renewable sources which lead to development of biomaterials-based composites production. Luffa is an eco-friendly crop, has been added as the new fibrous fruit with short harvest period. This study have applied a few practices using direct seeding and transplanting methods for low cost luffa production that aim for composites production. On the other hand, this study showed that transplanting (TP) method is better than direct seeding (DS) method based on the growth performance. TP method showed highest average of plant height (cm) and average total dry weight (g) of luffa fruits with 74.42±0.68 and 91.08±2.26 respectively whereas lower growth yield performance showed by DS method. Other parameters observed are the number of leaves and number of fruits which is a competent sources to the current composites sources, synthetic fibers. Hence, the results showed that luffa has the potential as a low cost and short harvest duration production plant.
Sustainable pineapple growth performance on mineral soil
Authors: Jalil Nur Syahidah Abdul , Adam Salwa , Awal Asmah , Shamsuri Shampazuraini , Yusuf Nor Azma , Ibrahim Nordiana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Malaysia, pineapple has been identified as a high-value non-seasonal tropic fruit, which is one of the top five fruits that shows a promising potential in the local and export markets. The variety of pineapple chosen in this study was MD2 hybrid. This variety is promoted for industrial cultivation by Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board (MPIB) because of its uniqueness as in uniformity and consistency for the size and ripeness compared to other varieties. Statistically, 90% of the pineapples in Malaysia are cultivated on peat soil while another 10% are cultivated on mineral soil. Highly weathered mineral soil lead to unfertile soil which inhibit crop growth. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to compare early growth performance of pineapple crop cultivated on mineral soil and peat soil. Based on t-test, growth performance including plant height, leaves length and leaves number showed no significant difference (p>0.05) except for leaf width. The leaf width of pineapple grown on mineral soil was significantly wider than cultivated on peat soil with significant difference of p = 0.015. The chemical analysis showed peat soil was significantly more acidic compared to mineral soil. Mineral soil was significantly higher in nutrients compared to peat soil especially the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Meanwhile, peat soil was significantly higher in phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content compared to mineral soil. From this study, it is found that with additional fertilizer, pineapple can be grown on mineral soil since the properties of soil can support the growth.
Antifeedant Activity of Peltophorum pterocarpum and Ipomoea aquatica Extracts as Botanical Pesticides against Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Othman ‘Amirah Sa’aidah Nafisah , Latip Siti Noor Hajjar Md 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPomacea canaliculatais dangerous pest to paddy field due to fast action on eating stem and young leaves of paddy. Synthetic pesticides are common method used by farmers to controlP. canaliculatainfestation. However, the usage of synthetic pesticides gave negative impact to natural environment, aquatic and non-target organisms. Thus, botanical pesticides are alternative methods to controlP. canaliculata. The aims of this research are to quantify chemical compound inPeltophorum pterocarpumandIpomoea aquaticaextracts and evaluate antifeedant activity of extracts for controllingP. canaliculata. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spetrophotometer analysis was done to quantify chemical compound inP. pterocarpumandI. aquaticaextracts. The result showed all treatments gave the highest amount of lupeol compared with catechin, rutin, salicylic acid, quercetin and kaempferol.Peltophorum pterocarpumextracts in methanol showed highest antifeedant index (AFI) (46.9%) compared with other treatments. Thus, it showedP. pterocarpumextracts in methanol have more abilities to act as an antifeedant. In summary,P. pterocarpumis recommended as an alternative botanical pesticide due to its antifeedant properties onP. canaliculata.
A Multi-Linear Regression Model to Predict the Factors Affecting Water Consumption in Qatar
Authors: Alshaikhli M , Aqeel S , Valdeolmillos N , Fathima F , Choe P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water scarcity is increasingly encouraging water-saving techniques and urban water management schemes committed to reducing the consumption of natural resources and the effects on the ecosystem. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of water supplies is required to design strategies for safe and effective use of water. Water management networks are complex. Consumption of water is affected by various variables, and therefore, the relationship of these variables is also complex. This study examines water consumption determinants in the State of Qatar, focusing on the factors linked to seasonal months by using a multiple linear regression model. The regression model was developed to accurately estimate the water consumption in Qatar to help the government’s plan for water usage in Qatar. The results of the model shows that the temperature-related regression coefficient is associated with an increase in water consumption per capita. In addition, an increase in population density for each unit is correlated with a decrease in water consumption per capita.
Regional Climate Monitoring and Assessment in the Belt and Road
Authors: LIU Chuanli , Fangfang Zhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Belt and Road is the abbreviation of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The countries along the Belt and Road routes are generally highly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change, so it is urgent to design a service platform for climate change prediction and monitoring. In this paper, based on the various demands of climate change prediction and monitoring, we analyzed the importance of the establishment of a climate service platform and the main measures to improve the capabilities of climate service platform. According to the principle of “refinement, systematization and specialization”, a meteorological service platform was designed, which are based on space remote sensing, supplemented by airborne remote sensing, and verified by the ground observation network to verify that the real-time monitoring and prediction of sky and ground integration. The platform can provide scientific basis for the countries along the routes, and improve the infrastructure construction progress and personnel safety along the Belt and Road.
Study on the Removal of Nitrogen-containing Waste outside the Aquaculture Pond by the Method of Electric Flocculation and Quasi Circulating Aquaculture
Authors: Chen  , Fei-Chuan  , Lee  , Yu-Hsiang  , Chou  , Hsiu-Yueh  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When the waste containing ammonia nitrogen is removed by electric flocculation circulating aquaculture, not only the colloidal impurities and suspended impurities are coagulated and precipitated, but also a variety of pollutants and bacteria in the water can be removed due to the oxidation of the anode and the reduction of the cathode. In this project, PWM (pulse width modulation) technology is used to overcome the power consumption problem of traditional electric flocculation method, high-voltage pulse and anode-cathode pole exchange technology is used to overcome the iron consumption and plate passivation problem, and echelon potential method is used to solve the difficulty of plate exchange. Compared with the traditional chemical and biological treatment technology, electrocoagulation can ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture without adding oxidants, flocculants and other chemicals. At present, electronic technology and Internet of things technology are used in aquaculture fields to monitor the water quality data in the pond and control the growth of aquaculture organisms in the most suitable environment in real time, so as to increase income, reduce human power and save water and electricity. Therefore, with mature sensing technology, IOT, Im, cloud computing, big data and AI, we can build an intelligent aquaculture production, marketing and digital service system to improve the overall production efficiency, energy and quality, and accelerate the transformation of aquaculture industry.
On Linking Administrative Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice in Environmental Management
Authors: Ding Xiaowei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Linking administrative law enforcement and criminal justice in environmental management promotes the cooperation between environmental administrative law enforcement departments and criminal justice institutions in combating environmental crimes and ensuring environmental safety. Problems arise in their joint efforts in combating environmental crimes in recent years, such as low case-transfer rate, unclear transfer criteria, difficulty in evidence conversion and test identification, as well as unavailability to network information-sharing platforms. It is imperative to build up evaluation system, standardize case transfer criteria, clarify evidence conversion rules, and establish network information-sharing platforms. Only in this way can the two laws converge effectively, and a harmonious environmental management order be maintained.
Hydrological Risk Management of Urbanized Areas in Framework of the Smart City Concept
Authors: Plyuschikov V G , Avdotin V P , Arefieva E V , Gurina R R , Bolgov M V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The emergence of new technologies, such as blockchain, Big Data, etc., provides fundamentally new opportunities for the formation of distributed databases necessary for assessing and managing hydrological risks in urbanized areas. At the same time, the use of the most modern technologies is based on adequate modeling and forecasting of hydrological processes, which, in the context of climatic changes and poorly predicted meteorological events for the long term, require close attention and understanding. The article deals with the tasks of risk assessment and prevention of damage from hazardous hydrological processes (rainfall floods, floods, mudflows, etc.) in framework of the Smart City Concept. Natural and anthropogenic factors of floods, methods of risk assessment and risk management in flooded areas are discussed. The issues of hazardous hydrological processes predictability and damage assessment are discussed. Sufficiency and effectiveness of the decisions made in the field of minimizing the negative impact of water, sufficiency of forces and means to ensure population safety and economic facilities are assessed on the example of the Kuban River basin.
Static Structural Analysis and Determination of Low-Cost Component Sizes of The Paper Pulper Machines
Authors: Kriswanto  , Supraptono  , Roziqin A , Hasyim F , Saputro D D , Wijayanto B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paper pulper machines a capacity of 83 litres/process must have a low-cost material, robust and safe to operate. Paper pulper machine components analysed are tubes, frames, helical screw shaft and the shaft holder. The method uses a static structural analysis to obtain von mises stress and displacement. Static structural analysis uses finite element analysis with the help of CATIA® Software. The safe component size and lowest cost (safety factor more than 2.5) were selected in this study. Calculation of costs by multiplying the size of the material needs by material prices. Tube components use SUS 304 with thickness variations of 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2mm. Frame and shaft holder using L shape ASTM A36 size 40x40mm and 50 x50 mm with thickness variations of 3, 4, and 5 mm respectively. Variations in material size are determined based on standard material sizes available on the market. The simulation result of each component shows the thicker the material, the lower the von mises stress, the lower the displacement and the higher safety factor. Tubes with a thickness of 0.5mm have a von mises stress of 4.43 MPa, a displacement of 4.7 x 104 mm with SF 56.4 is safe and were chosen because of the lowest material costs (IDR 360,009). The frame size was chosen 40x40x3 mm based on the SF frame value (26) with the lowest material cost (IDR 197,800). The shaft holder is also chosen for the size of 40x40x3mm where the SF value (3834) and the lowest material cost (IDR 14,400). Helical screw shaft size is chosen at 0.5mm thickness where SF is 304 and material costs IDR 100,968. The overall results of the static structural analysis on various sizes of the paper pulper machine components showed ovon under Oyield, small displacement, and SF is safe.
Static Structural Analysis of the Sports Utility Vehicles Patriot Chassis
Authors: Aryadi W , Kriswanto  , Roziqin A , Jamari J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a static structural analysis of the Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV) Patriot chassis uses a type of ladder frame with 440 G JIS STAM carbon steel tube and bracket material is AISI 1020. Static load on the patriot chassis is varied in a normal load and an extreme load. The element method simulation is carried out on the chassis until the horizontal chassis position is 0˚, 30˚ downhill and 30˚ uphill. Static structural analysis on the patriot chassis frame using the finite element method found that the overall design is safe under various load variations and support variations. Applied normal load with a total of 4 supports (4 wheels) on the patriot chassis design which is varied by its tilt, show that the 0˚ chassis position produces the highest von mises stress (86.1 MPa) and the highest displacement (0.38mm). The results of extreme loading on various supports of the 3 wheels alternately patriot chassis design show that the highest von mises stress (264 MPa) and the highest displacement (5.11 mm) occurs at 0˚ chassis position with rear right not support. The factor of safety from various variations in loaded, tilt position, and the number of supports of the Patriot chassis design is more than 1 so that the chassis design is declared safe.
Analysis of User Satisfaction Factors of E-Kinerja Application as Utilization of the Paperless Office System: A Case Study in Regional Civil Service Agency, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Wantania L J , Hidayanto A N , Ruldeviyani Y , Kurnia S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
User Satisfaction is a crucial factor to the success of the Information System which will have extensive impact on the benefits for individuals and organizations as well as users’ continuance intention. Paperless office system is the use of e-government which aims not only to reduce paper usage but to increase effectiveness and efficiency in public services. E-Kinerja is a method provided and supported by the government with a purpose of improving employee productivity and performance. Through the integration of Extended Expectation Confirmation Model-IT (EECM-IT) and updated Delone and McLean IS success model, this research examines the relationship between each variables adopted and then identify factors intended to influence user satisfaction as well as building significant impact towards implementation of E-Kinerja application. Using data collected from a research of 553 respondents users’ E-Kinerja applications through the Partial Lest Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) method, interestingly results have shown that User Confirmation, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Usefulness are strongly positive and create significant effect towards User Satisfaction. Whereas User Satisfaction had impacted positively to the Use and Net Benefit. However data also indicate that User Satisfaction is critical and bring no effect towards Continuance Intention to Use. In addition, Use and Net Benefit convey important impact positively to the users’ continuance intention.
Customer churn factors detection in Indonesian postpaid telecommunication services as a supporting medium for preventing waste of IT components
Authors: Saputro B , Ma’mun S , Budi I , Santoso A B , Putra P K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the most important tasks in the telecommunication company is to maintain the customer churn rate and customer satisfaction level. These things can be maintained by evaluating the churn customer factors. The results of this evaluation can certainly be used to improve the services of the company, so that customers will be stopped from churn and customer satisfaction level will be increased. This condition indirectly provided positive effect on the environment by preventing e-waste of IT components. In this research study, customer churn factors from customer feedback were evaluated by using text mining, by targeting the postpaid customers in one of telecommunication company in Indonesia. In this research we used 3 classification methodology, Fast Large-Margin, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine. Fast Large-Margin classification methodology was the most accurate model in this research, was used to classify the customer feedback for five following customer churn factors in telecommunication industry: poor customer service, poor network, high cost of services, billing errors, and promotion seeking. The result shows that promotion seeking was the most factor that caused customer to churn during January and December 2019 period.
Comparison of testing load cell sensor data sampling method based on the variation of time delay
Authors: Hastawan A F , Haryono S , Utomo A B , Hangga A , Setiyawan A , Septiana R , Hafidz C M , Triantino S B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Load Cell Sensors are transducers (transducers, electronic components that can measure physical quantities into electrical signals) that can convert the pressure by the load into an electrical signal. IC HX711 is a weighing module, which has a working principle of converting the measured changes in resistance changes and converting them into voltage quantities through the existing circuit. Load cell and HX7411 are used to obtain data of weight which will be compared with a commercial digital weight scale that the accuracy has been verified. In collecting data of weight, there are several calculation methods including the mean, modus, and median method. This study aims to provide test results for the three methods with different variations in delay. Delay is used to avoid errors in taking data from the sensor directly and also to provide pauses for the sensor in real time data collection. The test was conducted with four human subjects who have differences in body weight. The variation of delay used is 250ms, 500ms, 750ms, and 1000ms. The test results show that when testing variations in body weight with a delay time of 250ms, the mean method has the best results with a value of nmean
= 2. In the 500ms delay test, the median method has the best results with the value nmedian
= 3. In the 500ms delay test, the mean and median methods have the same good results with values of nmean
= 2 and nmedian
= 2. In the 1000ms delay test, the median method has the best results with a value of nmedian
= 2. The results of the whole test show that the values of Nmean
= 6, Nmedian
= 8, and Nmodus
= 2 which indicate that the median method is the method that has the best level of precision.
Online learning in higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic: A case study in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Authors: Sunardiyo S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world has posed significant challenges for the world of higher education globally. The main challenge that is very urgent and inevitable for lecturing at the university is face-to-face in class but must be taught online. Online teaching and learning implies a certain pedagogical content knowledge, especially related to designing and organizing for a better learning experience and creating a different learning environment, and the role of information technology. This article, concludes that five things play a role in online learning, namely first, a reliable information technology facility to support access to online learning; Second, the need for teachers to make variations and innovations to deliver teaching material so that it attracts students; Third, it needs an in-depth study in practicum lectures; Lecturers can do a practicum with simulations. Fourth, there is a need for material to be delivered based on light, clear, concise and interactive principles. Fifth, there is an increase in student participation in online learning.