bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of high‐value generating molecules from the wastes of tuna fishery industry by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography hyphenated techniques with automated sample preparation
Authors: Rigano Francesca , Arena Paola , Mangraviti Domenica , Donnarumma Danilo , Dugo Paola , Donato Paola , Mondello Luigi , Micalizzi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present work aims to a promising re‐utilization of the massive waste derived from the tuna fishing industry, for which by‐products can represent more than 50% of the original material. Due to the considerable content in polyunsaturated fatty acids and noble proteins, such wastes can be used as primary source of functional ingredients in the production of nutraceuticals. The composition of the lipid and protein tuna fractions was investigated by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry methods (in wastes and edible parts), and a preliminary characterization of potential bioactive peptides was achieved. Automated sample preparation allowed speeding up the analytical workflow, while allowing for highly sensitive and selective lipid characterization. The ω3 fatty acid content was found higher in waste products compared to the muscle, in terms of fatty acids as well as complex lipids. As for peptides, extraction by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation was performed, followed by enzymatic digestion and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, the use of bioinformatics tools highlighted the presence of potential antimicrobial peptides in the samples investigated.
Estimation of In‐Water Density and Abundance of Harbor Seals
Authors: Ampela Kristen , Jefferson Thomas A. , Smultea Mari A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEcologists and managers require accurate population estimates of marine mammals to assess potential anthropogenic threats to these animals. We present estimates of in‐water density and abundance of a distinct stock of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) in Hood Canal, Washington, USA. We used aerial line‐transect survey data collected from 2013 to 2016 to directly estimate harbor seal density and abundance in the waters of Hood Canal, a deep‐water fjord in the Salish Sea. We estimated a correction factor for trackline detection probability from dive and surface time data gathered from regional seal tagging studies, and applied this factor to correct for seals missed on the trackline during surveys. We applied conventional and multiple covariate line‐transect approaches in the analysis. The resulting best estimate of in‐water density of harbor seals in the Hood Canal study region was 5.80 seals/km2, with an estimated abundance of 2,009 seals. We did not derive a correction factor to account for the number of seals on land (i.e., hauled out). Therefore, these estimates do not reflect total stock size but provide a starting point to evaluate potential influences of anthropogenic activities, particularly those involving underwater noise, on this marine mammal stock. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Endoscopy‐Assisted Transoral Approach to Resect Parapharyngeal Space Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chen Huihong , He Zhiying , Li Guo , Liu Chao , Zhang Diekuo , Huang Donghai , Xie Changning , Jiang Weihong , Qiu Yuanzheng , Zhang Xin , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesBy comparing the endoscopy‐assisted transoral approach (EATA) with external approaches (EAs) for the resection of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPSTs), we determined whether the EATA has advantages in terms of operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospitalization, drainage volume, and complications. At the same time, we summarized the surgical indications for the EATA.MethodsSystematic literature retrieval was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVIP databases up to February 2020. We calculated the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous outcomes and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes. The measured outcomes were operative time, bleeding volume, postoperative hospitalization, drainage volume, and complications.ResultsSeven studies involving 318 patients were eligible. Of these patients, 145 patients underwent EATA and 173 patients underwent EA surgery. All the former tumors were benign and located medial or anteromedial to the carotid sheath except for the unrecorded tumors. Compared with EAs, the EATA significantly shortened the operation time (MD = −5.56 min, 95% CI: −9.58 to −1.55), shrank the bleeding volume (MD = −89.02 ml, 95% CI: −126.16 to −51.88), shortened the postoperative hospitalization (MD = −2.44 days, 95% CI: −3.37 to −1.51), reduced the drainage volume (MD = −32.97 ml, 95% CI: −36.24 to −29.70), and lowered the incidence of complications (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.59).ConclusionAs for PPSTs, with an appropriate and precise patient selection, the EATA is a safe, effective, minimally invasive, and aesthetic surgical modality. Laryngoscope, 131:2246–2253, 2021
A Structure‐Properties Relationship Study of Self‐Healing Materials Based on Styrene and Furfuryl Methacrylate Cross‐Linked via Diels–Alder Chemistry
Authors: Raffa Patrizio , Kassi Adamantia , Gosschalk Julian , Migliore Nicola , Polgar Lorenzo Massimo , Picchioni Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of copolymers of styrene and furfuryl methacrylate characterized by various molecular structures (linear and star, block and random) is synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization, and cross‐linked with a bismaleimide by means of thermally reversible Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, to obtain self‐healing materials. The prepared materials are studied in terms of gelation, swelling, thermal, and dynamic‐mechanical analysis, with the aim of correlating relevant properties to their chemical structure. It is found that the furan/styrene ratio, as well as the molecular architecture, have a major influence on the properties. It is also found that the reversibility of the DA reaction is not complete in the solid state for materials with high cross‐linking density. This study provides some important tools for the design of materials characterized by thermally reversible behavior, which find usually application as self‐healing thermosets, coatings, or adhesives.
Glycerol‐Filled Silicone Adhesive Patches with Excellent Sun Protection
Authors: Yu Liyun , Mazurek Piotr , Madsen Frederikke Bahrt , Skov Anne Ladegaard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerous medical conditions such as cancer, eczema, moles, and burns may leave patients with increased sensitivity to UV light. A UV‐protective patch that provides a healing environment for sensitive or broken skin is therefore developed from two‐phase glycerol‐silicone adhesives. The adhesives are prepared using a simple processing method in which high shear forces mix glycerol and silicone prepolymers that are subsequently cured to form a stable, free‐standing adhesive containing inherent discrete glycerol droplets. These materials are excellent candidates for wound care adhesives, since glycerol increases the silicone adhesives’ water absorption while providing low peel forces and gentle adherence to the skin. Adhesives show increased sun protection properties with increasing glycerol content. When TiO2, a well‐known ingredient in sunscreen products, is added to the glycerol‐filled silicone adhesives, the sun protection factor reached SPF 100 without compromising the mechanical or peel strength properties. Further, the sun protective properties of the TiO2‐filled glycerol‐silicone adhesives prove to be stable when exposed to 80% relative humidity for 20 h to simulate performance during typical usage.
β‐Blocker–Induced Tremor
Authors: Al‐Shorafat Duha M. , Bhowmick Suvorit , Espay Alberto J. , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough the β‐blocker propranolol is considered one of the most effective tremor treatments and other β‐blockers are often prescribed to patients with tremor, those with partial β‐agonist activity on β‐adrenoreceptors can theoretically induce or exacerbate tremor. Here we report 2 patients with tremor induced or worsened by such β‐blockers.CasesCase 1 is a 38‐year‐old man with worsening of tremor in both upper extremities after the introduction of pindolol as an adjunct treatment for severe depression. The tremor improved 1 month after discontinuing this medication. Case 2 is a 77‐year‐old woman with new bilateral hand tremor after receiving labetalol for the management of hypertension during a hospital admission. Tremor markedly attenuated after eliminating labetalol.Conclusionβ‐Blockers with partial agonist activity can induce or exacerbate tremor.
Natural convection nanofluid flow with heat transfer analysis of carbon nanotubes–water nanofluid inside a vertical truncated wavy cone
Authors: Ellahi Rahmat , Zeeshan Ahmed , Waheed Aamir , Shehzad Nasir , Sait Sadiq M. 
Published: February 2021

The flow of heat transfer study of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)–water nanofluid over vertical truncated wavy cone is considered. The present boundary layer power law fluid is analyzed near the truncated wavy cone. The considered cone is wavy in physical configuration and placed in a vertical direction. Moreover, nanosized particles of CNTs suspended into water (base fluid) are transporting in two directions, which are modeled by using Boussinesq's approximation. Coordinate transformation is applied in order to shift the wavy surface to a flat surface. Then governing equation dealing with the momentum of nanofluid along with thermal stratification are reduced in dimensionless form by using appropriate transformation. Results point out that the thickness of thermal boundary layer decreases by increasing the value of volume fraction of carbon nanotubes. Finally, the obtained solution is related through a graphical survey, and it is inferred that the investigation is in good accordance with the current literature.
Design of assessment tool for unplanned endotracheal extubation of artificial airway patients
Authors: Zhang Ping , Liu Li‐Ping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimUnplanned endotracheal extubation (UEE) is one of the most common adverse events reported in patients with artificial airway. Current research in UEE is mostly limited to the summary of risk factors and analysis of prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to develop an assessment tool for medical staff to assess the risk of unplanned extubation in endotracheal intubation patients.DesignThe design was a qualitative study.MethodsBased on literature review, group discussion, pre‐investigation, the initial risk assessment scale on unplanned extubation for endotracheal intubation patients was established. Fifteen experts from thirteen tertiary‐A hospitals across eight provinces participated in two rounds of Delphi panel.ResultsThe risk assessment tool on unplanned extubation for endotracheal intubation patients was established by the Delphi method. It was composed of 11 indicators, which got agreement among two rounds panel.
Functional connectivity between the amygdala and subgenual cingulate gyrus predicts the antidepressant effects of ketamine in patients with treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Nakamura Tomoyuki , Tomita Masaru , Horikawa Naoki , Ishibashi Masatoshi , Uematsu Ken , Hiraki Teruyuki , Abe Toshi , Uchimura Naohisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimApproximately one‐third of patients with major depressive disorder develop treatment‐resistant depression. One‐third of patients with treatment‐resistant depression demonstrate resistance to ketamine, which is a novel antidepressant effective for this disorder. The objective of this study was to examine the utility of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of treatment response to ketamine in treatment‐resistant depression.MethodsAn exploratory seed‐based resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis was performed to examine baseline resting‐state functional connectivity differences between ketamine responders and nonresponders before treatment with multiple intravenous ketamine infusions.ResultsFifteen patients with treatment‐resistant depression received multiple intravenous subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg/40 minutes) ketamine infusions, and nine were identified as responders. The exploratory resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis identified a cluster of significant baseline resting‐state functional connectivity differences associating ketamine response between the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate gyrus in the right hemisphere. Using anatomical region of interest analysis of the resting‐state functional connectivity, ketamine response was predicted with 88.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The resting‐state functional connectivity of significant group differences between responders and nonresponders retained throughout the treatment were considered a trait‐like feature of heterogeneity in treatment‐resistant depression.ConclusionThis study suggests the possible clinical utility of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging for predicting the antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment‐resistant depression patients and implicated resting‐state functional connectivity alterations to determine the trait‐like pathophysiology underlying treatment response heterogeneity in treatment‐resistant depression.
Exome Sequencing of 21 Bardet‐Biedl Syndrome (BBS) Genes to Identify Obesity Variants in 6,851 American Indians
Authors: Day Samantha E. , Muller Yunhua L. , Koroglu Cigdem , Kobes Sayuko , Wiedrich Kim , Mahkee Darin , Kim Hye In , Van Hout Cris , Gosalia Nehal , Ye Bin ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Shuldiner Alan R. , Knowler William C. , Hanson Robert L. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveIn an ongoing effort to identify the genetic variation that contributes to obesity in American Indians, known Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) genes were analyzed for an effect on BMI and leptin signaling.MethodsPotentially deleterious variants (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion score > 20) in BBS genes were identified in whole‐exome sequence data from 6,851 American Indians informative for BMI. Common variants (detected in ≥ 10 individuals) were analyzed for association with BMI; rare variants (detected in < 10 individuals) were analyzed for mean BMI of carriers. Functional assessment of variants’ effect on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity was performed in vitro.ResultsOne common variant, rs59252892 (Thr549Ile) in BBS9, was associated with BMI (P = 0.0008, β = 25% increase per risk allele). Among rare variants for which carriers had severe obesity (mean BMI > 40 kg/m2), four were in BBS9. In vitro analysis of BBS9 found the Ile allele at Thr549Ile had a 20% increase in STAT3 activity compared with the Thr allele (P = 0.01). Western blot analysis showed the Ile allele had a 15% increase in STAT3 phosphorylation (P = 0.006). Comparable functional results were observed with Ser545Gly and Val209Leu but not Leu665Phe and Lys810Glu.ConclusionsPotentially functional variants in BBS genes in American Indians are reported. However, functional evidence supporting a causal role for BBS9 in obesity is inconclusive.
Amphoteric functional polymers for leather wet finishing auxiliaries: A review
Authors: Wang Xuechuan , Wang Wanni , Liu Xinhua , Wang Youyou 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmphoteric functional polymers containing anionic and cationic groups have the advantages of pH‐responsive function, self‐assembly, and anti‐polyelectrolyte effect, which have been diffusely applied in the healthcare industry, leather area, and so forth. Very recently, with the development of organic chrome‐free tanned ecological leather manufacturing technology, the anionic retanning and fatliquoring agents for traditional chrome tanning system have gradually lost their dominant position due to the weak interactions between positively charged collagen fibers and negatively charged wet finishing auxiliaries, resulting in a series of problems such as low dye uptake, uneven dyeing, and so forth. To address this issue, recent researches have been devoted to developing amphoteric polymers for leather retanning and fatliquoring processes. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the preparation and application of amphoteric materials for leather retanning and fatliquoring agents. With the perspective of their properties, current challenges, and outlook in the future, crafting functional and environmentally friendly amphoteric materials are further put forward. The development and application of amphoteric polymer wet finishing auxiliaries will greatly promote the integrated manufacturing of ecological leather, and further motivate the upgrading, transformation, and sustainable development of the traditional leather industry.
The role of rheological premonitory of hydrogels based on cellulose nanofibers and polymethylsilsesquioxane on the physical properties of corresponding aerogels
Authors: Gupta Pragya , Pandey Akanksha , Gaikwad Kirtiraj K. , Roy Sunanda , Maji Pradip K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ)‐based aerogels (CNF/PMSQ aerogels) have been prepared by the sol–gel method. The extraction of CNFs from pine wood and formation of composite aerogel with PMSQ were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and field emission scanning electron microscopic analyses. The rheological premonitory of hydrogel has been performed to predict the physical properties (i.e., density, mechanical properties) of aerogels. The variation in the precursor (methyltrimethoxysilane [MTMS]) and urea content has shown a considerable effect on the storage modulus and phase angle of the hydrogel. The variation in urea content showed a 4–8% increment in the density with a pronounced difference in aerogel's morphology. The increment in the MTMS concentration demonstrated a 10–20% enhancement in density with a minor change in morphology. The van Gurp–Palmen plot of hydrogel has represented a relationship between complex modulus and phase angle. This study establishes that hydrogel's premonitory analysis could compare aerogel's physical properties without going through drying and further analysis.
Theoretical unraveling detailed excited state proton transfer mechanism for 2,5‐bis (benzoxazol‐2‐yl)thiophene‐3,4‐diol‐ethyl compound in different solvents
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Wan Huilin , Li Chaozheng , Liu Yufang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExcited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of organic molecules has been drawing continuously considerable interests. It is not only one of the most basic processes in life but also exists in wide of application fields. In this work, we theoretically make a thorough inquiry about molecular excited state trends and ESIPT procedures for the novel highly miscible 2,5‐bis (benzoxazol‐2‐yl)thiophene‐3,4‐diol‐ethyl (BBTE) molecule. Based on DFT and TDDFT means, we first examine and certify hydrogen bond O1–H2···N3 role in BBTE. Probing into molecular structure and infrared (IR) vibrational behaviors, we validate O1–H2···N3 of BBTE is enhanced in S1 state via photo‐induced excitation. Accessorial negative electronic densities over N3 atom facilitate attracting hydrogen proton, which caters to the truth of strengthening hydrogen bond in S1. In addition, frontier orbital gap indicates the solvent polarity plays vital roles in affecting excited state courses for BBTE. By means of potential energy curves (PECs) in three kinds of solvents, we propose the ultrafast ESIPT mechanism for BBTE with explaining previous experimental characteristics. Along the way of ESIPT, we present the regulation mechanism for BBTE via solvent polarities.The enhanced hydrogen bond and charge redistribution facilitate excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction for 2,5‐bis (benzoxazol‐2‐yl)thiophene‐3,4‐diol‐ethyl (BBTE) system. Frontier orbital gap reveals that solvent polarity could play vital roles in controlling excited state dynamical behaviors for BBTE compound. Solvent polarity could regulate and control the ultrafast ESIPT behavior for BBTE molecule.
Synthesis of poly(hydroxyurethane) from 5‐membered cyclic carbonate under mild conditions in the presence of bicyclic guanidine and their reaction process
Authors: Dong Wenyong , Yoshida Yoshiaki , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of amines are applied as catalysts in the aminolysis reactions of five‐membered cyclic carbonate (5CC). Kinetic results display that TBD, which has a guanidine structure, exhibits the best catalytic efficacy and the reaction rate constant is about 100 times higher than the blank system without catalyst. The reaction medium, NMP is found to be as both solvent and promoter in the aminolysis of 5CC. Finally, with TBD and NMP as catalyst and solvent, respectively, the polymerization of bis‐functional 5CC (B5CC) and 1, 6‐diaminohexane can proceed almost 100% at room temperature in less than 4 h to obtain poly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHUs) with moderate molecular weight.
Effects of Preparation Methods for Cu Foil on the Electric‐Explosion Properties
Authors: Ye Qin , Li Airong , Fu Qiubo , Yang Shuang , Lei Fan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn order to study the different structural characteristics and electric explosion properties of Cu foils prepared by different methods, Cu films were prepared by electron beam evaporation, electroplating, evaporation, and magnetron sputtering in this work. The morphology and structure of the Cu films were characterized by SEM, AFM, XRD. Furtherly, the Cu films were separately etched into a bridge foil shape to measure the explosion process of the Cu foil in the discharge circuit at the charging voltage of 3000 V, and the resistance and deposition energy were calculated. The results showed that the particle size and surface roughness of Cu foil prepared by evaporation was smallest, and the crystallization peak of Cu (111) texture was strongest. The surface roughness of the Cu foil prepared by magnetron sputtering was the largest, and the peak voltage was the highest of 1640 V. The Cu foil prepared by electroplating had the smallest initial resistance and the longest time to reach the peak resistance during the explosion process. The deposition energy of the Cu film is 93.37 mJ, which is the largest. Among these methods, the Cu foil prepared by electroplating is more conducive to energy conversion.