bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel design of circularly polarized ring CDRA with wideband impedance bandwidth using slotted microstrip feed line for X-band applications
Authors: Rai Chandravilash , Singh Sanjai , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Verma Ramesh Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA circularly polarized ring cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (ring-CDRA) of wideband impedance bandwidth is presented in this article. The proposed ring CDRA consist of an inverted rectangular (tilted rectangular) shaped aperture and inverted L-shaped slotted microstrip feed line. The tilted rectangular shaped aperture and inverted L-shaped microstrip feed line generate two-hybrid mode HEM11δ and HEM12δ while ring CDRA and slotted microstrip feed line are used for the enhancement of impedance bandwidth. The proposed ring CDRA is resonating between 6.08 and 12.2 GHz with 66.95% (6120 MHz) impedance bandwidth. The axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 6.99% (780 MHz) is obtained between 10.76 and 11.54 GHz with a minimum AR value of 0.2 dB at a frequency of 11 GHz. The proposed geometry of ring CDRA has been validated with measurement performed by VNA and anechoic chamber. The operating range of the proposed radiator is useful for different applications in X-band.
A Study of the Performances of Widely Used External Magnetic Field Models in the Outer Zone of the Earth's Radiation Belts by Comparing the Field Observations From Van Allen Probe‐A and the Model Estimations
Authors: Yang Xiaochao , Wang Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing magnetic field observations from Van Allen Probe‐A (VAP‐A), we evaluated the performances of 13 widely used external magnetic field models in the Earth's outer radiation belt region in detail. It is shown that later models tend to match observations better than earlier models except for T03s, which has a top performance similar to the latest TA16_RBF model. Additionally, in its applicable domain from quiet to moderately disturbed geomagnetic conditions, T02 has comparable performance to T03s. In the dusk, dawn and night sectors, highly stretched magnetic fields are seen in both the observations and model output between LmIGRF ∼5.7 and 6.1, which suggests the existence of steep radial gradients in the plasma pressures inside the outer belt region. The contributions from the currents located in the dusk sector during a disturbed period, such as the partial ring current and the substorm current wedge, are not adequately accounted for by the models, and the contribution of field‐aligned currents may also be underestimated. The results of this study will help select reliable external field models for future radiation belt studies and help assess uncertainties caused by the selected models. In addition, detailed analysis of the field components depicted by the empirical models could shed light on understanding the contributions from different current systems in this region.
miR-181a is a novel player in the STAT3-mediated survival network of TCRαβ+ CD8+ T large granular lymphocyte leukemia
Authors: Assmann Jorn L. J. C. , Leon Leticia G. , Stavast Christiaan J. , van den Bogaerdt Sanne E. , Schilperoord-Vermeulen Joyce , Sandberg Yorick , Bellido Mar , Erkeland Stefan J. , Feith David J. , Loughran Jr Thomas P. , Langerak Anton W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractT-LGL cells arise as a consequence of chronic antigenic stimulation and inflammation and thrive because of constitutive activation of the STAT3 and ERK pathway. Notably, in 40% of patients, constitutive STAT3 activation is due to STAT3 activating mutations, whereas in 60% this is unknown. As miRNAs are amongst the most potent regulators in health and disease, we hypothesized that aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to dysregulation of these pathways. miRNA sequencing in T-LGL leukemia cases and aged-matched healthy control TEMRA cells revealed overexpression of miR-181a. Furthermore, geneset enrichment analysis (GSEA) of downregulated targets of miR-181a implicated involvement in regulating STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways. Flow cytometric analyses showed increased SOCS3+ and DUSP6+ T-LGL cells upon miR-181a inhibition. In addition, miR-181a-transfected human CD8+ T cells showed increased basal STAT3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. By using TL1, a human T-LGL cell line, we could show that miR-181a is an actor in T-LGL leukemia, driving STAT3 activation by SOCS3 inhibition and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by DUSP6 inhibition and verified this mechanism in an independent cell line. In addition, miR-181a inhibition resulted in a higher sensitivity to FAS-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our data show that miR-181a could be the missing link to explain why STAT3-unmutated patients show hyperactive STAT3.
Lipid droplets as endogenous intracellular microlenses
Authors: Chen Xixi , Wu Tianli , Gong Zhiyong , Guo Jinghui , Liu Xiaoshuai , Zhang Yao , Li Yuchao , Ferraro Pietro , Li Baojun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing a single biological element as a photonic component with well-defined features has become a new intriguing paradigm in biophotonics. Here we show that endogenous lipid droplets in the mature adipose cells can behave as fully biocompatible microlenses to strengthen the ability of microscopic imaging as well as detecting intra- and extracellular signals. By the assistance of biolenses made of the lipid droplets, enhanced fluorescence imaging of cytoskeleton, lysosomes, and adenoviruses has been achieved. At the same time, we demonstrated that the required excitation power can be reduced by up to 73%. The lipidic microlenses are finely manipulated by optical tweezers in order to address targets and perform their real-time imaging inside the cells. An efficient detecting of fluorescence signal of cancer cells in extracellular fluid was accomplished due to the focusing effect of incident light by the lipid droplets. The lipid droplets acting as endogenous intracellular microlenses open the intriguing route for a multifunctional biocompatible optics tool for biosensing, endoscopic imaging, and single-cell diagnosis.
Relationship between sensory characteristics and cortical thickness/volume in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Habata Kaie , Cheong Yongjeon , Kamiya Taku , Shiotsu Daichi , Omori Ichiro M. , Okazawa Hidehiko , Jung Minyoung , Kosaka Hirotaka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit atypical sensory characteristics, impaired social skills, deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. The relationship between sensory characteristics and brain morphological changes in ASD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between brain morphological changes and sensory characteristics in individuals with ASD using brain image analysis and a sensory profile test. Forty-three adults with ASD and 84 adults with typical development underwent brain image analysis using FreeSurfer. The brain cortex was divided into 64 regions, and the cortical thickness and volume of the limbic system were calculated. The sensory characteristics of the participants were evaluated using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Correlation analysis was performed for cortical thickness, limbic area volume, and AASP scores. In the ASD group, there was a significant positive correlation between visual sensory sensitivity scores and the right lingual cortical thickness (r = 0.500). There were also significant negative correlations between visual sensation avoiding scores and the right lateral orbitofrontal cortical thickness (r = −0.513), taste/smell sensation avoiding scores and the right hippocampal volume (r = −0.510), and taste/smell sensation avoiding scores and the left hippocampal volume (r = −0.540). The study identified associations among the lingual cortical thickness, lateral orbitofrontal cortical thickness, and hippocampal volume and sensory characteristics. These findings suggest that brain morphological changes may trigger sensory symptoms in adults with ASD.
Moderators of inflammation-related depression: a prospective study of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Manigault Andrew W. , Ganz Patricia A. , Irwin Michael R. , Cole Steve W. , Kuhlman Kate R. , Bower Julienne E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInflammation has been shown to predict depression, but sensitivity to inflammation varies across individuals. Experimental studies administering potent pro-inflammatory agents have begun to characterize this sensitivity. However, risk factors for inflammation-associated depression in naturalistic contexts have not been determined. The present study examined key psychological and behavioral risk factors (state anxiety, perceived stress, negative affect, disturbed sleep, and childhood adversity) as potential moderators of the relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms in a prospective longitudinal study of breast cancer survivors. Women with early stage breast cancer were recruited after completing primary cancer treatment (nfinal = 161). Depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, and sTNF-RII), and key risk factors were assessed post treatment (T1), at 6 and 12-month follow-ups (T2 and T3), and during a final follow-up (TF) 3−6 years after T1; childhood adversity was measured only at T3. Inflammatory markers were combined into a single inflammatory index prior to analyses. Women who reported higher levels of state anxiety, perceived stress, negative affect, and/or sleep disturbance at T1 (post-treatment) exhibited higher depressive symptoms at times when inflammation was higher than typical (interaction βs ranged from .06 to .08; all ps < .014). Results demonstrate the relevance of these risk factors for understanding inflammation-associated depression in a clinical context and could inform targeted strategies for prevention and treatment among at-risk populations.
Second sound in the crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid
Authors: Hoffmann Daniel K. , Singh Vijay Pal , Paintner Thomas , Jäger Manuel , Limmer Wolfgang , Mathey Ludwig , Hecker Denschlag Johannes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSecond sound is an entropy wave which propagates in the superfluid component of a quantum liquid. Because it is an entropy wave, it probes the thermodynamic properties of the quantum liquid. Here, we study second sound propagation for a large range of interaction strengths within the crossover between a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid, extending previous work at unitarity. In particular, we investigate the strongly-interacting regime where currently theoretical predictions only exist in terms of an interpolation in the crossover. Working with a quantum gas of ultracold fermionic 6Li atoms with tunable interactions, we show that the second sound speed varies only slightly in the crossover regime. By varying the excitation procedure, we gain deeper insight on sound propagation. We compare our measurement results with classical-field simulations, which help with the interpretation of our experiments.
The histologic phenotype of lung cancers is associated with transcriptomic features rather than genomic characteristics
Authors: Tang Ming , Abbas Hussein A. , Negrao Marcelo V. , Ramineni Maheshwari , Hu Xin , Hubert Shawna Marie , Fujimoto Junya , Reuben Alexandre , Varghese Susan , Zhang Jianhua , Li Jun , Chow Chi-Wan , Mao Xizeng , Song Xingzhi , Lee Won-Chul , Wu Jia , Little Latasha , Gumbs Curtis , Behrens Carmen , Moran Cesar , Weissferdt Annikka , Lee J. Jack , Sepesi Boris , Swisher Stephen , Cheng Chao , Kurie Jonathan , Gibbons Don , Heymach John V. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Futreal P. Andrew , Kalhor Neda , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistology plays an essential role in therapeutic decision-making for lung cancer patients. However, the molecular determinants of lung cancer histology are largely unknown. We conduct whole-exome sequencing and microarray profiling on 19 micro-dissected tumor regions of different histologic subtypes from 9 patients with lung cancers of mixed histology. A median of 68.9% of point mutations and 83% of copy number aberrations are shared between different histologic components within the same tumors. Furthermore, different histologic components within the tumors demonstrate similar subclonal architecture. On the other hand, transcriptomic profiling reveals shared pathways between the same histologic subtypes from different patients, which is supported by the analyses of the transcriptomic data from 141 cell lines and 343 lung cancers of different histologic subtypes. These data derived from mixed histologic subtypes in the setting of identical genetic background and exposure history support that the histologic fate of lung cancer cells is associated with transcriptomic features rather than the genomic profiles in most tumors.
Breaking the barrier to biomolecule limit-of-detection via 3D printed multi-length-scale graphene-coated electrodes
Authors: Ali Md. Azahar , Hu Chunshan , Yuan Bin , Jahan Sanjida , Saleh Mohammad S. , Guo Zhitao , Gellman Andrew J. , Panat Rahul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSensing of clinically relevant biomolecules such as neurotransmitters at low concentrations can enable an early detection and treatment of a range of diseases. Several nanostructures are being explored by researchers to detect biomolecules at sensitivities beyond the picomolar range. It is recognized, however, that nanostructuring of surfaces alone is not sufficient to enhance sensor sensitivities down to the femtomolar level. In this paper, we break this barrier/limit by introducing a sensing platform that uses a multi-length-scale electrode architecture consisting of 3D printed silver micropillars decorated with graphene nanoflakes and use it to demonstrate the detection of dopamine at a limit-of-detection of 500 attomoles. The graphene provides a high surface area at nanoscale, while micropillar array accelerates the interaction of diffusing analyte molecules with the electrode at low concentrations. The hierarchical electrode architecture introduced in this work opens the possibility of detecting biomolecules at ultralow concentrations.
Highly efficient ethylene production via electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetylene under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Suheng , Uwakwe Kelechi , Yu Liang , Ye Jinyu , Zhu Yuezhou , Hu Jingting , Chen Ruixue , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Zhiyou , Li Jianfeng , Xie Zhaoxiong , Deng Dehui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRenewable energy-based electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene (E-HAE) under mild conditions is an attractive substitution to the conventional energy-intensive industrial process, but is challenging due to its low Faradaic efficiency caused by competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we report a highly efficient and selective E-HAE process at room temperature and ambient pressure over the Cu catalyst. A high Faradaic efficiency of 83.2% for ethylene with a current density of 29 mA cm−2 is reached at −0.6 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. In-situ spectroscopic characterizations combined with first-principles calculations reveal that electron transfer from the Cu surface to adsorbed acetylene induces preferential adsorption and hydrogenation of the acetylene over hydrogen formation, thus enabling a highly selective E-HAE process through the electron-coupled proton transfer mechanism. This work presents a feasible route for high-efficiency ethylene production from E-HAE.
Reductive inactivation of the hemiaminal pharmacophore for resistance against tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotics
Authors: Wen Wan-Hong , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ying-Ying , Yu Qian , Jiang Chu-Chu , Tang Man-Cheng , Pu Jin-Yue , Wu Lian , Zhao Yi-Lei , Shi Ting , Zhou Jiahai , Tang Gong-Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is becoming one of the major crises, among which hydrolysis reaction is widely employed by bacteria to destroy the reactive pharmacophore. Correspondingly, antibiotic producer has canonically co-evolved this approach with the biosynthetic capability for self-resistance. Here we discover a self-defense strategy featuring with reductive inactivation of hemiaminal pharmacophore by short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) NapW and homW, which are integrated with the naphthyridinomycin biosynthetic pathway. We determine the crystal structure of NapW·NADPH complex and propose a catalytic mechanism by molecular dynamics simulation analysis. Additionally, a similar detoxification strategy is identified in the biosynthesis of saframycin A, another member of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) antibiotics. Remarkably, similar SDRs are widely spread in bacteria and able to inactive other THIQ members including the clinical anticancer drug, ET-743. These findings not only fill in the missing intracellular events of temporal-spatial shielding mode for cryptic self-resistance during THIQs biosynthesis, but also exhibit a sophisticated damage-control in secondary metabolism and general immunity toward this family of antibiotics.
Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2
Authors: Sun Guo-Quan , Zhang Wei , Liao Li-Li , Li Li , Nie Zi-Hao , Wu Jin-Gui , Zhang Zhen , Yu Da-Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrochemical catalytic reductive cross couplings are powerful and sustainable methods to construct C−C bonds by using electron as the clean reductant. However, activated substrates are used in most cases. Herein, we report a general and practical electro-reductive Ni-catalytic system, realizing the electrocatalytic carboxylation of unactivated aryl chlorides and alkyl bromides with CO2. A variety of unactivated aryl bromides, iodides and sulfonates can also undergo such a reaction smoothly. Notably, we also realize the catalytic electrochemical carboxylation of aryl (pseudo)halides with CO2avoiding the use of sacrificial electrodes. Moreover, this sustainable and economic strategy with electron as the clean reductant features mild conditions, inexpensive catalyst, safe and cheap electrodes, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction might proceed via oxidative addition of aryl halides to Ni(0) complex, the reduction of aryl-Ni(II) adduct to the Ni(I) species and following carboxylation with CO2.
Geomorphic contexts and science focus of the Zhurong landing site on Mars
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Li Chunlai , Zhang Rongqiao , Rao Wei , Cui Xiaofeng , Geng Yan , Jia Yang , Huang Hai , Ren Xin , Yan Wei , Zeng Xingguo , Wen Weibin , Wang Xing , Gao Xingye , Fu Qiang , Zhu Yan , Dong Jihong , Li Haitao , Wang Xianzhong , Zuo Wei , Su Yan , Kong Deqing , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs part of the Tianwen-1 mission, the Zhurong rover successfully touched down in southern Utopia Planitia on 15 May 2021. On the basis of the new sub-metre-resolution images from the High Resolution Imaging Camera on board the Tianwen-1 orbiter, we determined that the Zhurong rover landed at 109.925° E, 25.066° N at an elevation of −4,099.4 m. The landing site is near the highland–lowland boundary1 and multiple suspected shorelines2–7. Under the guidance of the remote sensing survey, the Zhurong rover is travelling south for specific in situ investigation. Supported by the six payloads on board the rover8, its initial key targets are rocks, rocky fields, transverse aeolian ridges and subsurface structures along the path. Extended investigation will aim at troughs and cones in the distance. A better understanding of the formation mechanisms of these targets may shed light on the historical volcanism and water/ice activities within the landing area, as well as the activities of the wind. These results may reveal the characteristics and evolution of the ancient Martian environment and advance the exploration of the habitability of ancient Mars.
Non-equilibrium conditions inside rock pores drive fission, maintenance and selection of coacervate protocells
Authors: Ianeselli Alan , Tetiker Damla , Stein Julian , Kühnlein Alexandra , Mast Christof B. , Braun Dieter , Dora Tang T.-Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKey requirements for the first cells on Earth include the ability to compartmentalize and evolve. Compartmentalization spatially localizes biomolecules from a dilute pool and an evolving cell, which, as it grows and divides, permits mixing and propagation of information to daughter cells. Complex coacervate microdroplets are excellent candidates as primordial cells with the ability to partition and concentrate molecules into their core and support primitive and complex biochemical reactions. However, the evolution of coacervate protocells by fusion, growth and fission has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, a primordial environment initiated the evolution of coacervate-based protocells. Gas bubbles inside heated rock pores perturb the coacervate protocell distribution and drive the growth, fusion, division and selection of coacervate microdroplets. Our findings provide a compelling scenario for the evolution of membrane-free coacervate microdroplets on the early Earth, induced by common gas bubbles within heated rock pores.
Colossal magnetic fields in high refractive index materials at microwave frequencies
Authors: Luk`yanchuk B. , Vasilyak L. M. , Pecherkin V. Ya. , Vetchinin S. P. , Fortov V. E. , Wang Z. B. , Paniagua-Domínguez R. , Fedyanin A. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResonant scattering of electromagnetic waves is a widely studied phenomenon with a vast range of applications that span completely different fields, from astronomy or meteorology to spectroscopy and optical circuitry. Despite being subject of intensive research for many decades, new fundamental aspects are still being uncovered, in connection with emerging areas, such as metamaterials and metasurfaces or quantum and topological optics, to mention some. In this work, we demonstrate yet one more novel phenomenon arising in the scattered near field of medium sized objects comprising high refractive index materials, which allows the generation of colossal local magnetic fields. In particular, we show that GHz radiation illuminating a high refractive index ceramic sphere creates instant magnetic near-fields comparable to those in neutron stars, opening up a new paradigm for creation of giant magnetic fields on the millimeter's scale.