bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Chatbot Adapted from Question and Answer System Using RNN-LSTM Model
Authors: Anki P , Bustamam A , Al-Ash H S , Sarwinda D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In modern times, the chatbot is implemented to store data collected through a question and answer system, which can be applied in the Python program. The data to be used in this program is the Cornell Movie Dialog Corpus which is a dataset containing a corpus which contains a large collection of metadata-rich fictional conversations extracted from film scripts. The application of chatbot in the Python program can use various models, the one specifically used in this program is the LSTM. The output results from the chatbot program with the application of the LSTM model are in the form of accuracy, as well as a data set that matches the information that the user enters in the chatbot dialog box input. The choice of models that can be applied is based on data that can affect program performance, with the aim of the program which can determine the high or low level of accuracy that will be generated from the results obtained through a program, which can be a major factor in determining the selected model. Based on the application of the LSTM model into the chatbot, it can be concluded that with all program test results consisting of a variety of different parameter pairs, it is stated that Parameter Pair 1 (size_layer 512, num_layers 2, embedded_size 256, learning_rate 0.001, batch_size 32, epoch 20) from File 3 is the LSTM Chatbot with the avg accuracy value of 0.994869 which uses the LSTM model is the best parameter pair.
Photovoltaic-Based Intelligent Search and Rescue Trolley
Authors: Zhang J , Zhao M Z , Zhou W D , Tian Y , Zhu Y J , Zhang W Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For the search and rescue work after the earthquake or the exploration of unknown areas, a photovoltaic-based intelligent search and rescue device was designed. A hardware platform for a car automatic driving system controlled by an STM32 single-chip microcomputer based on an ARM core is constructed, which consists of a photovoltaic auxiliary power generation module, a power supply module, a main controller module, obstacle detection, a motor drive module, a speed detection module, and a video transmission module. And constructed a software platform based on ARM core STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer controlled automatic control system. Finally, through the joint debugging of the hardware and software parts of the photovoltaic intelligent search and rescue equipment, the stability and feasibility of the system were verified, and the functions of photovoltaic-assisted power generation, manual control, autonomous obstacle avoidance, and video transmission of the car were realized.
Study of Salt Effect on Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste with Modified First-Order Model
Authors: Li X F , Hu T N , Huang J J , Liu Y Y , Peng D P , Wu Z , Huang T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In semi-continuous anaerobic digestion, organic material feed sometimes may not be consumed completely in one day and it may considerably help to increase biogas production of next day. Such occurrence is called ’biogas accumulation phenomenon’, which cannot reflect the real biogas production from next day’s feed. In this test, first-order model was modified to solve this problem. Compared with first-order model, k values of modified first-order model had smaller relative standard deviation for each week with better fitting degree. Modified first-order model was then verified using food waste with different theoretical biogas production. Therefore, it can be concluded that the modified model can remove biogas accumulation phenomenon effectively. However, this model didn’t perform well in methane production fitting. The modified first-order model was utilized to study the variation trend of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of food waste with increasing salt concentration in the reactor. Results showed that when salt concentration in reactor increased from 0.69 to 2.12 g.-L−1, biogas production experienced increasing first and then deceasing. 0.98 to 1.27g-L.−1salt concentration was more appropriate for biogas production (653-718L.-kg−1 VS) and when salt concentration increased to 1.36-1.61 g.-L−1, inhibition phenomenon began. Biogas production (363-420L.-kg−1 VS) was further suppressed with 1.68-2.12 g.-L−1salt concentration. At this time, the ratio of volatile organic acids to the total inorganic carbon (VOA/TIC) increased to 0.24-0.58, showing anaerobic digestion process was unstable.
Research and Design of Heat Transfer Coefficient Measuring Instrument for Vacuum Glass
Authors: Zhang X Y , Ning D , Huang J Y , Zhu G L , Chen Y X 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of building energy loss and actively respond to the implementation of the national energy conservation and emission reduction policy, this system, according to the international standard of vacuum glass JC/T1079-2008, combined with the development status and production demand of the measuring instrument, developed a set of instruments that can meet the design requirements to quickly and accurately measure the heat transfer coefficient of vacuum glass. At the same time, the constant pressure measurement conditions are put forward and implemented on the basis of the system. The circuit, software and mechanical structure of the system are studied and designed. Through the above design, the design and test of the vacuum glass heat transfer coefficient measuring instrument are completed. The experimental data show that the measurement error is 0.34% under the condition of adopting effective control strategy, which is about 16 times lower than the measurement error of low-end control method, which is 5.6%. The conclusion shows that the instrument can be used to measure the target more accurately, which is of economic and practical significance.
Historical Aspects of Development of Metall Structures and Application Thereof in Buildings and Facilities
Authors: Gabitov A I , Udalova E A , Salov A S , Yamilova V V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Brief history of development of metal structures and application thereof in various buildings and facilities starting from the 12th century and up to now is presented herein. “The metal structures” notion includes structural form, manufacturing technology and ways of installation. Evolution step in making metal structures is defined both by public needs therein and level and capabilities of technical facilities: development of metal industry, engineering technology, metalworking, construction machinery and science. Proceeding from this, five periods in metal structures evolution may be singled out. Development of industry and construction is shown to result in vast variety of metal structures to be applied nowadays in different buildings and constructions especially in significant spans, heights and loads. Therewith wide scientific R&D in engineering design with application of modern high-power PCs and CAD complexes, in particular, enable to efficiently upgrade and vary the structural form of facilities with less materials and resources expenses. In-depth and comprehensive analysis of centuries-old evolution of metals application in construction and implementation of investigation results in teaching high-skilled builders and architects of today will enable to efficiently provide staffing for successful solving of state challenges of hi-tech and social development of the Russian Federation.
Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Gas Emissions of Energy-Technological Equipments
Authors: Sazonov E V , Drapalyuk N A , Burak E E , Vorob’eva Y A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Power-generating plants are devices for producing heat, electrical and mechanical energy. They are widely used as internal combustion engines for ground and air vehicles. A significant drawback of internal combustion engines is their exhaust gases - the main environmental pollutants. The article identifies benchmarks (CO, NOx, CmHn, SOx) and secondary chemical compounds in the exhausts of internal combustion engines, their percentage and degree of toxicity are given. The influence of the highway on the surrounding territory and processes that reduce the migration of pollutants into the airspace are considered. Recommendations are given on reducing the number of parameters for analyzing the state of the environment and the possible penetration of pollutants into the human body.
Analysis of Efficiency of Toll Road Network Development
Authors: Karpushko M O , Bartolomei I L , Karpushko E N , Zhidelev A V , Bryzgalov V I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the experience of Russian cities that provide toll roads charging. Based on the analysis, rates for toll roads were proposed depending on the category of vehicles, corresponding to the volume and quality of services provided to the user of the toll road. Based on the data obtained and the methodology for calculating the rate for vehicles on toll roads, the calculation of the amount of savings received by users when driving a toll road, compared with an alternative free route, was made. The calculation included determining the cost of operating a vehicle when driving through a toll road facility by reducing the consumption of fuel and lubricants, tire wear, repair costs, and other items of operating costs. The advantage for users of toll roads was determined by saving time for delivery of goods and passengers, increasing comfort and traffic safety. Additional attraction of funds through placement of gas stations and advertising is considered. The payback period of the toll road has been determined. The conclusion is made about the need for further research on the problems of development of the network of toll roads.
On the Question of Reducing Technogenic Risks of Accidents in the Technical Systems of Buildings and Structures
Authors: Glukhanov A S , Biryuzova E A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The necessity of making changes to the functionality of a structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems of buildings and structures is justified. An approach to modernizing the algorithmic support of a structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems of buildings and structures is proposed in order to identify failures that lead to emergency situations at an early stage of their occurrence. The main features of the structure and application of technical systems of objects of various purposes, essential for the analysis of their technical condition, are determined. The necessity of developing and implementing a system for managing the technical condition of the studied systems is justified. A model for monitoring the operability of engineering systems of buildings and structures has been developed. The use of parametric statistics methods as a basis for the development of performance monitoring algorithms is justified. Regression equations are constructed as algebraic polynomials of various degrees, which are also the simplest combinations of elementary functions. Regression dependences of the monitored parameters of the diagnosed engineering systems on input influences are determined. Lists of these parameters are defined. The dependence of the reliability of determining the technical condition of engineering systems on the value of the confidence interval of the measured parameters was determined by numerical experiment. An algorithm for determining regression dependencies and a block diagram of the proposed algorithmic support are presented.
Updating the Matrix Approach to Creating a Parametric Balance of Technological Process
Authors: Shakhov V A , Piskaryova T I , Ivanova A P , Mezhueva L V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Currently, the feed industry uses a large number of different types of feed mixers. The preparation of feed mixtures with different ingredients, with frequently changing compositions, must comply with such condition as uniformity. Basically, any prepared multicomponent mass should be distributed uniformly throughout the volume of each recipe element.
The mixtures homogeneity can be achieved by using various equipment, which, unfortunately, is not always efficient and cost-effective. The selection of a technological line from equipment that provides a low-cost production cycle is a very time-consuming task, since the use of an experimental base of changing types of mixing machines implies unforeseen economic expenditures.
Often when starting a certain production cycle of dry or wet mixtures, a preliminary forecast of the process effectiveness which can be achieved by creating a mathematical model of mixing is needed. All kinds of technological units designs, their geometric components classification, physico-mechanical and rheological indicators, operating-kinematic characteristics of the process can be used in the mathematical model.
Having studied the mixing process we came to the conclusion that a high degree of mixing uniformity can be obtained with the same geometric particle sizes. But such a phenomenon is quite rare. Thus, an ideal mixture can be obtained by forcibly selecting process parameters.
The effectiveness of this process can be based on a matrix approach. The process matrix will contain the dominant most significant indicators which have interconnections in the intermatrix space that create a certain parametric balance.
It is advisable to divide the mathematical interpretation of the homogeneous feed mixtures creating process into several stages:
- the first stage includes loading into the software model of the characteristics displaying the specific features of the process in question;
- the second stage includes empirical patterns description;
- the third stage creates an opportunity for searching for optimal tasks solutions.
When studying the graphical dependences of the influence of process parameters on the output of quality energy indicators, the optimal solutions region is determined, each point of which allows to effectively carry out the mixing process in a screw-blade mixer.
On the Relative Unimportance of Aesthetic Value in Evaluating Visual Arts
Authors: Kulka Tomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContrary to the received view according to which the value of works of art consists exclusively or primarily in their aesthetic value I argue that the importance of aesthetic value has been grossly overrated. In earlier publications I have shown that the assumption stipulating that the value of artworks consists exclusively in their aesthetic value is demonstrably wrong. I have suggested a conceptual distinction between the aesthetic and the artistic value arguing that when it comes to evaluation the artistic value, which reflects the significance of innovations exemplified by the work, is no less important than the aesthetic value. Here I take the argument a step further by suggesting that the aesthetic value is considerably less important than the artistic value. To show this I draw attention to a neglected aspect of art evaluation, namely to the monetary value of artworks. Although there is no necessary connection between monetary value of works of art (determined by supply and demand) and their aesthetic value or their artistic value, it can nevertheless tell us something important not only about the overall value of works of art (as art) but also about the relative importance of the two component values. I show that the enormous differences between monetary values of different artworks cannot be accounted for by the corresponding differences in their aesthetic value but can be explained by the differences in their artistic value.
Hypothesis Generation During Foodborne-Illness Outbreak Investigations
Authors: White Alice E , Smith Kirk E , Booth Hillary , Medus Carlota , Tauxe Robert V , Gieraltowski Laura , Scallan Walter Elaine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hypothesis generation is a critical, but challenging, step in a foodborne outbreak investigation. The pathogens that contaminate food have many diverse reservoirs, resulting in seemingly limitless potential vehicles. Identifying a vehicle is particularly challenging for clusters detected through national pathogen-specific surveillance, because cases can be geographically dispersed and lack an obvious epidemiologic link. Moreover, state and local health departments could have limited resources to dedicate to cluster and outbreak investigations. These challenges underscore the importance of hypothesis generation during an outbreak investigation. In this review, we present a framework for hypothesis generation focusing on 3 primary sources of information, typically used in combination: 1) known sources of the pathogen causing illness; 2) person, place, and time characteristics of cases associated with the outbreak (descriptive data); and 3) case exposure assessment. Hypothesis generation can narrow the list of potential food vehicles and focus subsequent epidemiologic, laboratory, environmental, and traceback efforts, ensuring that time and resources are used more efficiently and increasing the likelihood of rapidly and conclusively implicating the contaminated food vehicle.
Highly diverse and highly successful: invasive Australian acacias have not experienced genetic bottlenecks globally
Authors: Vicente Sara , Máguas Cristina , Richardson David M , Trindade Helena , Wilson John R U , Le Roux Johannes J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Invasive species may undergo rapid evolution despite very limited standing genetic diversity. This so-called genetic paradox of biological invasions assumes that an invasive species has experienced (and survived) a genetic bottleneck and then underwent local adaptation in the new range. In this study, we test how often Australian acacias (genus Acacia), one of the world’s most problematic invasive tree groups, have experienced genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding.

Methods
We collated genetic data from 51 different genetic studies on Acacia species to compare genetic diversity between native and invasive populations. These studies analysed 37 different Acacia species, with genetic data from the invasive ranges of 11 species, and data from the native range for 36 species (14 of these 36 species are known to be invasive somewhere in the world, and the other 22 are not known to be invasive).

Key Results
Levels of genetic diversity are similar in native and invasive populations, and there is little evidence of invasive populations being extensively inbred. Levels of genetic diversity in native range populations also did not differ significantly between species that have and that do not have invasive populations.

Conclusion
We attribute our findings to the impressive movement, introduction effort and human usage of Australian acacias around the world.
Functional rice with tandemly repeated Cbl-b ubiquitin ligase inhibitory pentapeptide prevents denervation-induced muscle atrophy in vivo
Authors: Akama Kazuhito , Shimajiri Yasuka , Kainou Kumiko , Iwasaki Ryota , Nakao Reiko , Nikawa Takeshi , Nishikawa Akio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) play a critical role in nonloading-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy: Cbl-b ubiquitinates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), leading to its degradation and a resulting loss in muscle mass. We reported that intramuscular injection of a pentapeptide, DGpYMP, which acts as a mimic of the phosphorylation site in IRS-1, significantly inhibited denervation-induced skeletal muscle loss. In order to explore the possibility of the prevention of muscle atrophy by diet therapy, we examined the effects of oral administration of transgenic rice containing Cblin (Cbl-b inhibitor) peptide (DGYMP) on denervation-induced muscle mass loss in frogs. We generated transgenic rice seeds in which 15 repeats of Cblin peptides with a WQ spacer were inserted into the rice storage protein glutelin. A diet of the transgenic rice seeds had significant inhibitory effects on denervation-induced atrophy of the leg skeletal muscles in frogs, compared with those receiving a diet of wild-type rice.
Cloprostenol, a synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α induces functional regression in cultured luteal cells of felids
Authors: Hryciuk Michał M , Jewgenow Katarina , Braun Beate C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of the synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)—cloprostenol—on cultured steroidogenic luteal cells of selected felid species over a 2-day culture period. The changes induced by cloprostenol were measured based on progesterone concentration and mRNA expression analysis of selected genes. Cloprostenol significantly reduced concentration of progesterone in cell culture medium of small luteal cells isolated from domestic cat corpora lutea (CL) at the development/maintenance stage (P &lt; 0.05), but did not influence progesterone production in cultured cells from the regression stage. A decrease or complete silencing of progesterone production was also measured in cultured luteal cells of African lion (formation stage) and Javan leopard (development/maintenance stage). Gene-expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed that treatment with cloprostenol did not have an influence on expression of selected genes coding for enzymes of steroidogenesis (StAR, HSD3B, CYP11A1) or prostaglandin synthesis (PTGS2, PGES), nor did it effect hormone receptors (AR, ESR1, PGR, PTGER2), an anti-oxidative enzyme (SOD1) or factors of cell apoptosis (FAS, CASP3, TNFRSF1B, BCL2) over the studied period. Significant changes were measured only for expressions of luteinizing hormone (P &lt; 0.05), prolactin (P &lt; 0.05) and PGF2α receptors (P &lt; 0.005) (LHCGR, PRLR, and PTGFR). The obtained results confirm that PGF2α/cloprostenol is a luteolytic agent in CL of felids and its impact on progesterone production depends on the developmental stage of the CL. Cloprostenol short-term treatment on luteal cells was associated only with functional but not structural changes related to luteal regression.
Widespread Positive Direct and Indirect Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Developing Functional Connectome in Early Adolescence
Authors: Brooks Skylar J , Parks Sean M , Stamoulis Catherine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdolescence is a period of profound but incompletely understood changes in the brain’s neural circuitry (the connectome), which is vulnerable to risk factors such as unhealthy weight, but may be protected by positive factors such as regular physical activity. In 5955 children (median age = 120 months; 50.86% females) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort, we investigated direct and indirect (through impact on body mass index [BMI]) effects of physical activity on resting-state networks, the backbone of the functional connectome that ubiquitously affects cognitive function. We estimated significant positive effects of regular physical activity on network connectivity, efficiency, robustness and stability (P ≤ 0.01), and on local topologies of attention, somatomotor, frontoparietal, limbic, and default-mode networks (P &lt; 0.05), which support extensive processes, from memory and executive control to emotional processing. In contrast, we estimated widespread negative BMI effects in the same network properties and brain regions (P &lt; 0.05). Additional mediation analyses suggested that physical activity could also modulate network topologies leading to better control of food intake, appetite and satiety, and ultimately lower BMI. Thus, regular physical activity may have extensive positive effects on the development of the functional connectome, and may be critical for improving the detrimental effects of unhealthy weight on cognitive health.