bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estradiol Increases Risk of Topoisomerase Ⅱβ-Mediated DNA Strand Breaks to Initiate Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shi Qiancheng , Liu Ning , Yang Lei , Chen Yi , Lu Yanwen , Guo Hongqian , Han Xiaodong , Li Dongmei , Gan Weidong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is defined by translocation of the transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene located on chromosome Xp11.2. Due to the high incidence in women, 17β-estradiol (E2) may be a factor influencing TFE3 breaks, and the topoisomerase Ⅱ (TOP2) poison is considered one of the important risk factors in mediating DNA breaks. In this study, we investigated the potential pathogenesis of Xp11.2 tRCC using the renal epithelial cell line HK-2.Methods: Immunofluorescence assay was performed to analyze DNA breaks by quantifying phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX), and the micronuclei (MN) assay was designed for monitoring chromosome breaks. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) was used to detect whether proteins bound to specific DNA site, and the co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to confirm whether proteins bound to other proteins. In some experiments, siRNA and shRNA were transfected to knockdown target genes.Results: Our results demonstrated that DNA double-strand breaks were mediated by TOP2β in HK-2 cells, and this process could be amplified through estrogen receptor α (ERα)-dependent pathway induced by E2. After performing translocation site analysis using target region sequencing data in two Xp11.2 tRCC cell lines and ten Xp11.2 tRCC patients, we confirmed that TOP2β and ERα could both bind to TFE3 translocation sites directly to mediate DNA breaks in a E2-dependent manner. However, TOP2β and ERα were not observed to have direct interaction, indicating that their collaborative may be implemented in other ways. Besides, TFE3 was found to be upregulated through NRF1 with increasing E2 concentration, which could increase the risk of TFE3 breaks.Conclusion: Our results indicate that E2 amplifies TOP2β-mediated TFE3 breaks by ERα-dependent pathway, and E2 upregulates TFE3 by NRF1 to increase the risk of TFE3 breaks. This suggests that E2 is an important pathogenic factor for Xp11.2 tRCC pathogenesis.
Enhanced Cadaverine Production by Recombinant Corynebacterium Glutamicum with Response Regulator DR1558 at low pH Conditions
Authors: Kang Soong-bin , Choi Jong-Il 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Corynebacterium glutamicum is used industrially to produce various bio-based organic acids. However, it is often cultivated under abiotic stress conditions, such as low pH, which can reduce both cell growth and the yield of the target compound. Here, a response regulator from Deinococcus radiodurans, DR1558, was introduced into a recombinant C. glutamicum strain expressing lysine decarboxylase (cadA) to enhance cadaverine production at acidic pHs.Results: During batch cultivation under acidic conditions, 6.4 g/L of cadaverine was produced by the recombinant C. glutamicum strain expressing cadA and dr1558; this yield was 1.7-fold higher than that produced by a recombinant C. glutamicum strain expressing only cadA. Transcriptional analysis revealed altered expression levels of stress defense- and cadaverine biosynthesis-related genes in the recombinant C. glutamicum strain expressing dr1558. During fed-batch cultivation, the recombinant C. glutamicum strain expressing cadA and dr1558 showed a 2.4-fold increase in cadaverine production compared to that produced by the recombinant C. glutamicum strain expressing only cadA. The cell growth of C. glutamicum expressing both cadA and dr1558 increased markedly during fed-batch cultivation at acidic pH.Conclusion: These results indicated that the response regulator dr1558 altered the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways and stress defense mechanisms in C. glutamicum. Furthermore, C. glutamicum expressing the D. radiodurans dr1558 can be used to produce bio-based organic acids by fermentation in processes requiring acidic conditions.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Sodium in Chinese Restaurants and Implications for Salt Reduction Initiatives
Authors: Du Wenwen , Wang Huijun , Zhang Jiguo , Zhang Xiaofan , Wei Nan , Li Yuan , Zhang Puhong , He Feng J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSodium intake in China is extremely high. Given the increasing consumption of restaurant foods, and limited research has explored the sodium level of these foods. The present study aims to assess the content and sources of sodium in Chinese restaurants. MethodsCross-sectional data were obtained from the baseline survey of Restaurant-based Intervention Study (RIS) in 2019. 8131 best-selling restaurant dishes with detailed recipe information from 192 restaurants in China were selected. Sodium levels per 100g and per serving were calculated according to Chinese Food Composition Table. The proportions of serving-size restaurant dishes exceeding the daily sodium reference intake level and sodium contributions by major sources were also explored. ResultsIn total, the median values of sodium in restaurant dishes were 487.3mg per 100g, 3.4mg per kcal, and 2543.7mg per serving. 74.9% of dishes per serving exceeded Chinese adults’ daily sodium adequate intake (AI, 1500mg per day), while 62.6% of dishes exceeded the proposed intake for preventing non-communicable chronic diseases (PI, 2000mg per day). Cooking salt was the leading source of sodium in Chinese restaurant dishes, accounting for 45.8%, followed by monosodium glutamate (17.5%), food ingredients (17.1%), soy sauce (9.4%), and other condiments/seasonings (10.2%). More categories of salted condiments/seasonings usage were related to higher sodium level. ConclusionsThe sodium level in Chinese restaurants is high. Coordinated salt reduction initiatives are needed according to the major sources of sodium in restaurant foods.
The Value of Lateral Flow Urine Lipoarabinomannan Assay and Empirical Treatment in the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Era: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kebede Wakjira , Abebe Gemeda , Gudina Esayas Kebede , Rie Annelies Van 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The value of Lateral Flow urine Lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay and the role of empiric tuberculosis (TB) treatment in the era of the highly sensitive Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) assay is unclear. This study aimed to assess the additional yield of Xpert Ultra compared to Xpert MTB/RIF, the yield of LF-LAM assay when used in combination with Xpert Ultra, and the role of empiric TB treatment in the Xpert Ultra era among patients with symptoms of TB admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a cohort of hospitalized Xpert MTB/RIF-negative patients. Sputum samples were examined for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by culture and Xpert Ultra. In HIV positive and severely ill patients, a urine sample was collected for the LF-LAM assay. Treatment outcome was assessed six months after enrollment. Logistic regression was used to identify factors predictive of deaths among Xpert Ultra negative patients. Results: Of the 250 hospitalized Xpert MTB/RIF-negative patients, 35 (14.0%) had culture-confirmed TB. The Xpert Ultra assay diagnosed 31 of the 35 culture positive cases that had been missed by Xpert MTB/RIF. The LF-LAM assay did not identify any case that was not detected by Xpert Ultra. Empiric treatment did not improve survival among Xpert Ultra negative patients (OR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.3-5.3). Low body mass index (< 18.5kg/m2) was the only significant predictor of death in Xpert Ultra negative patients (OR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.12-16.5).Conclusions: In this prospective cohort, we observed that LF-LAM did not improve the diagnostic yield when used in combination with Xpert Ultra and did not find a survival benefit of empiric treatment among Xpert Ultra negative individuals. Research is needed to determine the optimal management of patients with presumptive TB and a negative Xpert Ultra assay in high TB burden settings.
3D QSAR Pharmacophore Based Virtual Screening, ADME Analysis and Estimation of MM/GBSA binding Free Energies of Azoles as a Potential Inhibitor of DprE1 for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Madhavi Madhavaram , Venkatesh Nampally , Parthasarathy Tigulla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Decaprenylphosphoryl - D – ribose – 2 –epimerase (DprE1) is a promising drug target to identify new anti- TB drugs against drug resistant tuberculosis. DprE1 helps in cell wall biosynthesis through Decaprenyl-phosphoryl d-arabinose pathway. Inhibition of DprE1 results in blocking of cell wall biosynthesis, causing death of mycobacterium tuberculosis. In current studies, a set of thirty triazole molecules having antitubercular activity were selected for pharmacophore 3D QSAR studies. The generated common pharmacophore hypothesis (AHRRR.172) consists of one acceptor (A), one hydrophobic (H), and three aromatic rings (R). The resulted pharmacophore model recorded with good statistical results, R2 = 0.71, Q2 = 0.54 and other parameters F = 45, RMSE = 0.41. This model further investigated to identify pharmacophoric features which are crucial for biological activity. The resultant pharmacophore model was used to screen ZINC chemical database molecules to identify potent lead molecules against DprE1 enzyme. The resultant hit molecules were recorded with dihydroquinonolin 2-one and Pyrazolo [1, 5] pyramidin 5-one scaffold and this information could be helpful to design new potent anti-tuberculosis agent. Further, these molecules along with co-crystal ligand were utilized for the estimation of physicochemical properties and followed by binding mode analysis.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Uptake of New Medicines into Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Medlinskiene Kristina , Tomlinson Justine , Marques Iuri , Richardson Sue , Stirling Katherine , Petty Duncan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Implementation and uptake of novel and cost-effective medicines can improve patient health outcomes and healthcare efficiency. However, the uptake of new medicines into practice faces a wide range of obstacles Earlier reviews provided insight into determinants for new medicine uptake (such as medicine, prescriber, patient, organization, and external environment factors), but the methodological approaches used had limitations (e.g., single author, narrative review, narrow search, no quality assessment of reviewed evidence).This systematic review aims to identify barriers and facilitators affecting the uptake of new medicines into clinical practice and identify areas for future research. Method: A systematic search was undertaken within seven databases. Eligible qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies focused on adult participants (18 years and older) requiring or taking new medicine(s) for any condition, in the context of healthcare organizations and identified factors affecting the uptake of new medicines. The methodological quality was assessed using QASTDD tool. A narrative synthesis of reported factors was conducted using framework analysis and conceptual framework was utilised to group them. Results: A total of 66 studies were included. Most studies (n=62) were quantitative and used secondary data (n=46) from various databases, e.g., insurance databases. The identified factors had a varied impact on the uptake of the different studied new medicines. Differently from earlier reviews, patient factors (patient education, engagement with treatment, therapy preferences), cost of new medicine, reimbursement and formulary conditions, and guidelines were suggested to influence the uptake. Also, the review highlighted that health economics, wider organizational factors, and underlying behaviours of adopters were not or under explored. Conclusion: This systematic review identifies additional factors affecting new medicine use not reported in earlier reviews, which included patient influence and education level, cost of new medicines, formulary and reimbursement restrictions, and guidelines. Further research employing determinant frameworks or implementation theories is needed to gain a better understanding of factors, especially patient, prescriber, and organizational, affecting the uptake of new medicines into clinical practice.Registration: PROSPERO database (CRD42018108536)
Development of High-Performance Air Purifier using Human Hair and Vetiver (Chrysopogan Zizanioides) as Filter Media
Authors: Varma.S Anand Kumar , A SUVALAKSHMI , R MANJULA K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose-The global crisis of extreme air pollution is encountered nowadays due to the burning of fossil fuel, vehicular emission, modern sophistication and industrialization. These result infusions of high levels of Smoke, Particulate Matter (PM), Total volatile organic compounds (VOC), Hydrocarbons (HCHO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), Sulfur Oxides (SOX), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and other air pollutants into the atmosphere.Findings- Therefore, the development of a cost-saving air purifier is extremely essential with naturally occurring resources that are readily available throughout all the places at some point in time.A compact, flexible, modular and low-cost air purifier has designed employing a combination of porous plug and two filter media developed from natural resources.Methodology-The air purification unit is horizontal shaped and made with a simple PVC pipe. The first filter media was developed by mixing human hair with low-cost vegetable Mahua oil and the second one by wetting Vetiver (Chrysopogan zizanioides) with water. A mixture of human hair with Mahua oil can absorb the suspended particulate matter of size above 2.5 µm, and wet Vetiver shows the enormous capability of absorption of gases like NOx, SOx and Hydrocarbons and adsorption of particle size even less than 2.5 µm like PM1. Moreover, due to the pleasant smell, wet Vetiver can produce fresh air.Value-The cleaning and disposals of such naturally derived products are easy because of complete biodegradability and no negative impact on the environment. To restrict the filter media movement, porous plugs are coupled at the inlets and outlets of pipeline and filters. Due to the Joule-Thomson effect, the air coming out of the porous plug becomes 50oC cooler than the input air. The pollutant removal efficiency of indoor was found to be more than 60% were in the outdoor residential areas, it was more than 75%, and in the heavily crowded regions, it evaluated to be more than 65%. Amidst the alarming air pollution scenario throughout the world, such an invented device should be welcome due to the excellent performance as reflected in the production of pollutant-free fresh air at reduced temperature.
Architectures of contemporary digital platforms in education. Analysis of exclusion processes
Authors: Vidal Inés María González 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Internet is a wide, open and dynamic ecosystem of digital platforms where people and technologies contribute to the creation and consumption of digital information. The convergence of the Internet and the accelerated change of technological innovation have been the engines of society and its development, and all this has caused transformations in the social, economic and educational context. In this context, this work analyzes contemporary digital platform architectures and their influence on the processes of educational exclusion. To meet the objectives, the crucial changes brought about by digitally mediated life are studied; the conceptual and technological aspects that characterize contemporary digital platform architectures; and its influence on exclusion processes. This research is supported by qualitative research methodologies; the analysis and synthesis methods, the PRISMA model, and a meta-analysis of data extracted from the Scopus databases and the Web of Science-WOS is also carried out. The work shows changes in the social and educational context given the consolidation of the Internet through contemporary digital platform architectures and its influence on the processes of social, digital and educational exclusion. The need to promote equal opportunities, active participation and the capacity for professional insertion between women and men is visualized.
Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 spread and stabilization in Madhya Pradesh, India: A fundamental approach
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumar Vikash , Panchore Vijay , Mandava Ravi Kumar , Sarangi Somnath 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study was performed to model a COVID-19 spread and stabilization constraints for the regional people of Madhya Pradesh, India, at the mid-time of the lockdown period. A novel mathematical model was developed to predict the number of days required to break the virus spread chain based on the chain breaking concept of the virus carriers. This model has predicted the very accurate COVID-19 results at a mid-time of the lockdown period. Unfortunately, a good recovery rate was not achieved in Madhya Pradesh as expected by the model to stop the chain of virus spread. Thus, this novel model failed to predict the COVID-19 spread for a large duration. Nevertheless, this novel model has much potential to model the other parallel situations similar to COVID-19 spread.
Obesity Paradox: Pulmonary Complications Rather than Mortality after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation?
Authors: Luo Zeng-Rong , Qiu Han-Fan , Chen Liang-wan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) is considered a minimally invasive procedure. Body mass index (BMI) has been rarely evaluated for pulmonary complications after TAVI. This study aimed to assess the influence of BMI on the pulmonary complications and other related outcomes after TAVI. Methods: The clinical data of 109 patients who underwent TAVI in our hospital from May 2018 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal weight (BMI <24.0kg/m2, n=54), overweight (BMI 24.0-27.9kg/m2, n=41) and obesity (BMI >28kg/m2, n=14) and two groups according to vascular access: through femoral artery route (TF-TAVI) (n=94) and through the transapical route (TA-TAVI) (n=15). Procedure endpoints, procedure success, and adverse outcomes were evaluated according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 definitions. Results: Obese patients had higher proportion of older (p <0.01) and previous percutaneous coronary intervention patients (p <0.01) and higher percentage of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.016) and frailty (p = 0.024), lower level of glomerular filtration rate (p <0.01). Procedure success was found similar between the three groups. 30-day all-cause mortality of patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity was 3.7% (2/54) vs 4.9% (2/41) vs 7.1% (1/14) , respectively. In the multivariable analysis, overweight and obese patients exhibited similar overall mortality (overweight vs normal, p = 0.550 and obese vs normal, p = 0.763) and similar intubation time compared to normal weight patients (9.3±5.2 hours vs 9.0±6.2 hours vs 8.8±4.3 hours in obesity, overweight, and normal weight patients, respectively, p = 0.699). Although obese patients had lower PaO2/FiO2 than the normal weight patients at baseline, transitional extubation and postextubation 12th hour (p=0.046, 0.036, 0.047 respectively), there was no difference at postextubation 24th hour, postextubation 48th hour and postextubation 72th hour ( p= 0.778, 0.866, 0.886 respectively). Chronic lung disease (OR=7.986, p=0.001) rather than obesity (OR=1.967, p=0.132) or overweight (OR=3.046, p=0.081) affected postoperative PaO2/FiO2 after TAVI. Conclusions: We did not found the existence of an obesity paradox after TAVI. BMI showed no effect on the postoperative intubation time. Patients with a higher BMI should be treated equally and do not need to deliberately extend the intubation time for TAVI.
Kidney Dysfunction And COVID-19: Characteristics, Predictive Factors, And Influence Of Age
Authors: Porta Edoardo La , Baiardi Paola , Fassina Lorenzo , Faragli Alessandro , Perna Simone , Tovagliari Federico , Tallone Ilaria , Talamo Giuseppina , Secondo Giovanni , Mazzarello Giovanni , Esposito Vittoria , Pasini Matteo , Lupo Francesca , Deferrari Giacomo , Bassetti Matteo , Esposito Ciro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background COVID-19 severity and mortality are strongly influenced by age and comorbidities. Among comorbidities, kidney dysfunction seems to play a crucial role. Indeed, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent finding in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and seems to be associated to mortality and severity. On the other hand, the role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in COVID-19 is more debated. Aims and Methods We performed a retrospective study in a cohort of 174 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Italy from March 3rd to May 21st 2020, to investigate the role of kidney dysfunction on COVID-19 severity and mortality. Moreover, we examined in depth the relationship between kidney function, age, and progression of COVID-19, also using different equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) were obtained by logistic regression, while a predictive analysis was made through a machine learning approach.Results AKI and death occurred in 10.2 % and 19.5% respectively, in our population. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, neutrophils, lymphocytes, c-reactive protein and procalcitonin were significantly correlated to mortality and severity of the disease. The major risk factors for mortality in our cohort were age [adjusted HR, 6.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-21.4] and AKI [3.36 (1.44-7.87)], while, in these relationships, GFR at the baseline mitigated the role of age. The occurrence of AKI was influenced by baseline kidney function, D-dimer and procalcitonin and hypertension. Our predictive analysis for AKI and mortality reached an accuracy ≥ of 94% and 91%, respectively. In patients ≥ 70 years, MDRD and CKD-EPI showed a better performance in the prediction of AKI and mortality, compared to BIS-1 formula.Discussion Our study confirms the importance of AKI as a risk factor in COVID-19 disease, while it scales down the role of CKD, especially in elderly patients. BIS-1 formula demonstrated a worse performance to predict the outcomes in COVID-19 patients when compared to MDRD and CKD-EPI.
Synthesis and Characterization of PVA Assisted Sr-Hydroxyapatite Using Hydrothermal Coupled Microemulsion Method
Authors: IRUDHAYAM VENDA , VEERABATHIRAN THAMIZHARASI , VICTOR COLLINS ARUN PRAKASH 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is a bioceramic material and it is one of the most important inorganic compounds which are extensively used in several forms as a bone substitute material. Hydroxyapatite is chemically represented as (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), and is chemically and crystallographically similar to the human hard tissue. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticle is mainly used in orthopaedic and dental applications due to its properties of bioactivity, osteoconduction, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. In this research work, poly vinyl alcohol assisted strontium substituted hydroxyapatite nano powders was synthesised by conventional hydrothermal coupled microemulsion method using dimethyl sulfoxide and hexane. It is well known that strontium stimulates bone formation, reduction bone resorption and it is also used to osteoporosis diseases, while poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) helps in controlling the morphology and it is beneficial for artificial bone formation and possess excellent bioactivities properties. The structure, chemical composition and morphology were investigated by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM and MTT assay. The results indicated that the poly vinyl alcohol assisted Sr substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticle has a uniform spherical morphology, smaller particle size and with no impurities. The biomedical application studies of the as-synthesised material are yet to be studied.