bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
effect of learning strategy and cognitive style on student’s narrative writing ability
Authors: Tambi Tata , Murtadho Fathiaty , Rafli Zainal 
Published: November 2021

In the class, most of the teacher use a single teaching strategy to students who have different cognitive styles when teaching narrative essays in the class. Therefore, it is necessary to improve teaching strategies in the teaching and learning process. The teaching strategies that fit with the cognitive style of students in order that the learning objective is improved. This paper investigates the effect of learning strategy and cognitive style on student’s narrative writing ability. This study was conducted on the VII grade students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ibnu Taimiyah Bogor, West Java. Treatment by level design and two-factorial ANOVA analysis with ? = 0.05 were applied in this experimental study. The sample was 40 students grouped into experiment classes and 40 students was grouped into control classes. There was a different ability in narrative writing in Bahasa Indonesia between students having field independent cognitive style (A1) and students having field dependent cognitive style (A2). Results of two-way interrow analysis of variance showed that Fcalculated (4.123) was higher than Ftable (3.97) at a significant level of ? = 0.05.
The Plebeian Algorithm: A Democratic Approach to Censorship and Moderation
Authors: Fedoruk Benjamin , Nelson Harrison , Frost Russell , Fucile Ladouceur Kai 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe infodemic created by the COVID-19 pandemic has created several societal issues, including a rise in distrust between the public and health experts, and even a refusal of some to accept vaccination; some sources suggest that 1 in 4 Americans will refuse the vaccine. This social concern can be traced to the level of digitization today, particularly in the form of social media.ObjectiveThe goal of the research is to determine an optimal social media algorithm, one which is able to reduce the number of cases of misinformation and which also ensures that certain individual freedoms (eg, the freedom of expression) are maintained. After performing the analysis described herein, an algorithm was abstracted. The discovery of a set of abstract aspects of an optimal social media algorithm was the purpose of the study.MethodsAs social media was the most significant contributing factor to the spread of misinformation, the team decided to examine infodemiology across various text-based platforms (Twitter, 4chan, Reddit, Parler, Facebook, and YouTube). This was done by using sentiment analysis to compare general posts with key terms flagged as misinformation (all of which concern COVID-19) to determine their verity. In gathering the data sets, both application programming interfaces (installed using Python’s pip) and pre-existing data compiled by standard scientific third parties were used.ResultsThe sentiment can be described using bimodal distributions for each platform, with a positive and negative peak, as well as a skewness. It was found that in some cases, misinforming posts can have up to 92.5% more negative sentiment skew compared to accurate posts.ConclusionsFrom this, the novel Plebeian Algorithm is proposed, which uses sentiment analysis and post popularity as metrics to flag a post as misinformation. This algorithm diverges from that of the status quo, as the Plebeian Algorithm uses a democratic process to detect and remove misinformation. A method was constructed in which content deemed as misinformation to be removed from the platform is determined by a randomly selected jury of anonymous users. This not only prevents these types of infodemics but also guarantees a more democratic way of using social media that is beneficial for repairing social trust and encouraging the public’s evidence-informed decision-making.
An Analysis of Politeness Principle in Badung Regent Candidates Debate in 2015
Authors: Aryasih Made 
Published: November 2021

Abstract This study aimed at: 1) finding maxims of politeness principle expressed in Badung Regent Candidates Debate in 2015; 2) finding the most dominant maxim of politeness principle used in Badung Regent Candidates Debate in 2015. This study was designed mainly as a descriptive qualitative study which then supported by some descriptive quantification. The objects of the study were the utterances containing maxims of politeness principle expressed by the regent and vice regent candidates of Badung in Badung Regent Candidates Debate in 2015. The data were analyzed based on the theory of politeness principle proposed by Leech and the theory of categorization of speech act by Searle. The results of the study display that there are six maxims of politeness principle expressed in Badung Regent Candidates Debate in 2015, namely the tact maxim, the generosity maxim, the approbation maxim, the modest maxim, the agreement maxim and the sympathy maxim. Furthermore, it is found out that the generosity maxim is the most dominant maxim used by the regent and vice regent candidates in Badung Regent Candidates Debate in 2015. The generosity maxim expressed in the debate applied the commissive type of speech act. Through the utterances of this maxim, they intend to convince the audience that they attempt to minimize benefit to self and maximize cost to self. The maxims expressed by the regent and vice regent candidates in the debate have a goal to communicate effectively
Current Review of Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chowdhury Selia , Bappy Mehedi Hasan , Chowdhury Samia , Chowdhury Md. Shahraj , Chowdhury Nurjahan Shipa 
Published: November 2021

Mutations are causing SARS-CoV-2 to alter its genetic structure to improve its potential to elude the immune system, making vaccine buildout against the virus more difficult. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have been found up to this point; based on their impact on public health some are considered variants of concern (VOCs) and some are considered variants of interests. VOCs are linked to superior transmissibility, a decline in neutralization by natural or vaccine induced antibodies, evading capability of detection, and a reduction in the efficacy of vaccines or therapeutics. In this article, a SARS-CoV-2 subtype, known as Delta, has been revised to provide the current state of the art and an appropriate foundation for future research works. The evolution, pathogenesis, current trends of transmission, associated symptoms, suggested prevention and treatments, and vaccine efficacy of Delta variant are reviewed and discussed.
ANALISIS JENIS DAN STRUKTUR KALIMAT DALAM SAKUBUN MAHASISWA SEMESTER IV PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA JEPANG UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Authors: Hardianti Ani , Zalman Hendri 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mendeskripsikan jenis dan struktur kalimat dalam sakubun mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kalimat berdasarkan jenis dan strukturnya yang diperoleh dari sakubun mahasiswa. Sedangkan sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah sakubun mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP yang berjumlah 30 sakubun. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : Pertama, jenis kalimat berdasarkan predikat yang digunakan dalam sakubun mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP peneliti menemukan 332 kalimat. Jenis kalimat doushibun sebanyak 202 yang terdiri dari 132 jenis kalimat tadoushibun, 70 jenis kalimat jidoushibun. Jenis kalimat keiyoushibun sebanyak 35 yang terdiri dari 11 jenis kalimat i-keiyoushi, 24 jenis kalimat na-keiyoushi. Jenis kalimat meishibun berjumlah 31. Sedangkan jenis kalimat lain berjumlah 64. Kedua, struktur kalimat yang digunakan dalam sakubun mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP peneliti menemukan 332 kalimat. Kalimat yang berstruktur SP sebanyak 50, kalimat yang berstruktur SOP berjumlah 77, kalimat yang berstruktur SOKP sebanyak 4, dan kalimat yang berstruktur lain sebanyak 201.
Genetic determinants of autism spectrum disorders - a review
Authors: Stanicki Paweł , Goliszek Konrad , Kasprzak Karol , Makarewicz Agata 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction: It is estimated that various types of abnormalities from the autistic spectrum disorder occur in up to 2% of the population. These include difficulties in maintaining relationships, communication, and repetitive behaviours. Literature describes them quite well, in contrast to the causes of these disorders, which include both environmental factors and a very long list of genetic aberrations.

Materials and methods: The papers available on the PubMed platform and other sources were reviewed to describe the most important genetic factors responsible for the development of autism spectrum disorders.

Results: There are many genes and their mutations associated with the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in patients. One of the main factors is the SHANK gene family, with the type and degree of abnormality in patients depending on the damage to particular genes: SHANK1-SHANK3. Research also shows the potential of targeted symptom-relieving therapies in patients with SHANK3 mutations. A correlation with the occurrence of autism has also been demonstrated for genes responsible for calcium signaling - especially the group of IP3R calcium channels. Their calcium transmission is abnormal in the majority of patients with autism spectrum disorders. A number of mutations in the 7q region were discovered - including the AUTS2, GNAI1, RELN, KMT2E, BRAF genes - the occurrence of which is associated with the presence of symptoms of autism. Autism spectrum disorders occur in about 10% of patients suffering from monogenic syndromes such as fragile X chromosome syndrome, Timothy syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Rett syndrome or hamartomatic tumor syndrome.

Conclusions: Research shows that many mutations can contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorders. Further studies are necessary to discover their therapeutic and diagnostic potential for autism.
Studies on uranium recovery from a U-bearing Radoniów Dump
Authors: Kiegiel Katarzyna , Roubinek Otton , Gajda Dorota , Kalbarczyk Paweł , Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz Grażyna , Chmielewski Andrzej G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work reports the possibility of uranium recovery from a post-mining uranium ore dump in Poland by a bioleaching method. The studies were conducted on the dump leaching model with the mass of 570 kg of uranium bearing mineral material from Radoniów pile and in the periodic bioreactor with a work volume of 80 dm3 and with mechanical mixing and aeration of the charge. The uranium concentration in the examined material was about 800 ppm. In this process, the consortium of microorganisms isolated from former mines was used. It was composed of the following microorganisms: Bacillius, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Thiomonas, and Geothrix. The efficiency of the uranium bioleaching process was 98% in the reactor, and a yield of 70% was obtained in the dump leaching model. The post-leaching solution contained significant amounts of uranium ions that were separated in two stages: (1) by ion chromatography and then (2) by a two-step precipitation method. The resulting solution was a source of ammonium diuranate, the precursor of yellowcake (uranium oxides).
Critical comparison of INAA and ICP-MS applied in the characterization of purity of TRISO fuel and substrates to its production
Authors: Chajduk Ewelina , Kalbarczyk Paweł 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), both in solution and laser ablation (LA) mode, and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in the nuclear material analysis are presented in this paper. The possibility of each technique for the chemical characterization of substances used during TRISO fuel production and its advantages and limitations are discussed based on the obtained results of the analysis of real materials used in TRISO fuel production in the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology. The paper also reports the application of INAA and LA-ICP-MS to the verification of the purity of the protective layers of pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and silicon carbide.
Numerical modelling of modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactors with thorium fuel
Authors: Oettingen Mikołaj , Cetnar Jerzy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The volumetric homogenization method for the simplified modelling of modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor core with thorium-uranium fuel is presented in the paper. The method significantly reduces the complexity of the 3D numerical model. Hence, the computation time associated with the time-consuming Monte Carlo modelling of neutron transport is considerably reduced. Example results comprise the time evolutions of the effective neutron multiplication factor and fissionable isotopes (233U, 235U, 239Pu, 241Pu) for a few configurations of the initial reactor core.
Application of genetic algorithms in optimization of SFR nuclear reactor design
Authors: Żurkowski Wojciech , Sawicki Piotr , Kubiński Wojciech , Darnowski Piotr 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work presents a demonstrational application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to solve sample optimization problems in the generation IV nuclear reactor core design. The new software was developed implementing novel GAs, and it was applied to show their capabilities by presenting an example solution of two selected problems to check whether GAs can be used successfully in reactor engineering as an optimization tool. The 3600 MWth oxide core, which was based on the OECD/NEA sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) benchmark, was used a reference design [1]. The first problem was the optimization of the fuel isotopic inventory in terms of minimizing the volume share of long-lived actinides, while maximizing the effective neutron multiplication factor. The second task was the optimization of the boron shield distribution around the reactor core to minimize the sodium void reactivity effect (SVRE). Neutron transport and fuel depletion simulations were performed using Monte Carlo neutron transport code SERPENT2. The simulation resulted in an optimized fuel mixture composition for the selected parameters, which demonstrates the functionality of the algorithm. The results show the efficiency and universality of GAs in multidimensional optimization problems in nuclear engineering.
Sorption of selected radionuclides from liquid radioactive waste by sorbents of biological origin: The alkaline earth alginates
Authors: Fuks Leon , Oszczak-Nowińska Agata 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The sorption of 241Am3+, 85Sr2+ and 137Cs+ by calcium, strontium and barium alginates has been studied under different operation conditions. The most prominent adsorption was found in the pH range of 5–6 for all systems, even if the observed dependence on the acidity of the solution was small. The most favourable time for the adsorption process was found to be about 2 h for calcium alginate and 4 h for the other two sorbents.
Radiolytic synthesis of gold nanoparticles in HEMA-based hydrogels: Potentialities for imaging nanocomposites
Authors: Dziarabina Katsiaryna , Pinaeva Uliana , Kadłubowski Sławomir , Ulański Piotr , Coqueret Xavier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article reports on the radiolytic synthesis of nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within two types of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA): (i) plain networks with various contents in ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), as a cross-linker and (ii) stimuli-responsive (SR) networks prepared from these monomers copolymerized with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MADQUAT) to confer pH-switchable swelling. Hydrogels were prepared by photopolymerization with well-defined composition and a high degree of monomer conversion using two experimental procedures, as xerogels or in aqueous solution. Besides MADQUAT, acrylic acid (AA) or N-isopropylacrylamide have been tested as copolymers, yielding pHor temperature-sensitive hydrogels, respectively. Isothermal swelling in water was affected by monomer composition. Electron beam (EB) irradiation at doses up to 100 kGy of poly(HEMA) xerogels and water-swollen networks prepared with 0.5 wt% of EGDMA had a moderate impact on swelling characteristics and thermomechanical properties of the plain materials, whereas small amounts of extractables were formed. Poly(HEMA)-based nanocomposites containing AuNPs were successfully obtained by EB irradiation of samples swollen by aqueous solutions of Au(III). The effects of dose and cross-linking density on the formation of AuNPs were monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. Irradiation at well-defined temperatures of the Au(III)-loaded SR hydrogels induced the formation of nanoparticles with size-dependent features, whereas the efficiency of Au(III) reduction at 10 kGy was not significantly affected by the network structure. EB-induced reduction of Au(III) in poly(HEMA) hydrogels using a lead mask to generate well-defined patterns yielded coloured and long-lasting images in the zones where the nanocomposite was formed.
Radiation synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) nanogels for drug delivery applications – post-synthesis product colloidal stability
Authors: Rurarz Beata P. , Gibka Natalia , Bukowczyk Małgorzata , Kadłubowski Sławomir , Ulański Piotr 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of polymer nanogels (NGs) for biomedical applications is considered to be a very promising application in radiation engineering. Under high-dose pulse irradiation of dilute aqueous polymer solution, reactive species generated by water radiolysis can create multiple radicals on each macromolecule and consequently induce intramolecular cross-linking of polymer chains, resulting in NG formation. The obtained products are free from harmful monomers, initiators, and cross-linking agents, which makes them potentially applicable for drug delivery applications. One of the biggest challenges in handling and use of nanoparticles, however, is the colloidal stability, when aqueous suspensions are stored for prolonged periods. Therefore, development of the best protocols for the particular nanocarrier storage is key. To address this need, we have performed the prospective study in which we systematically assessed the influence of various processing and storage scenarios feasible in our lab, on the colloidal stability of the radiation-synthesized poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) NG particles in suspension. This allowed us to choose the optimal way of handling the product after its synthesis. We confirmed that none of the strategies we used and tested are substantially detrimental to our product. Filtration with 0.2-μm filters was proven sufficient for sample purification and prolonged storage in aqueous suspension did not exert a negative effect on the colloidal stability of particles suspension. We have also demonstrated that lyoprotectant-free lyophilization was suitable for our polymer nanoparticles. This is an important fact for further application of particles as nanocarriers for biologically active compounds such as targeting ligands or therapeutic moieties.
GC investigation of post-irradiation oxidation phenomena on polypropylene
Authors: Głuszewski Wojciech 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper summarizes the results of research on gas products of polypropylene (PP) radiolysis. Particular attention was paid to the phenomena of post-radiation degradation of PP. The protective effect of selected aromatic compounds was investigated. The research was carried out both from the point of view of obtaining radiation-resistant PP varieties and the possibility of accelerating biodegradation phenomena, e.g., PP/cellulose composition. The phenomena of post-radiation chain oxidation of PP were investigated by gas chromatography (GC). The GC in the system used (packed column, thermal conductivity detector, argon – carrier gas) enables the determination of H2, O2, CO, and CH4 in one measurement. The samples were irradiated with electron beams (EBs) accelerated in accelerators: Elektronika 10/10 with a power of 10 kW and energy of 10 MeV and LAE 13/9 with a power of 9 kW and energy up to 13 MeV. In the tests, PP without stabilizing additives (obtained directly from the production line) and non-stabilized styrene were used. Radiolytic efficiency of hydrogen evolution allowed us to estimate the number of originally formed free radicals. The maintenance of the secondary oxidation processes was the loss of oxygen and the formation of oxidation products (CO, CH4). Attention is paid to the protective effect of aromatic compounds (polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), anthracene, fluoranthene, acenaphthene, pyrene, naphthalene) both at the stage of hydrogen atom separation and the secondary oxidation process. The examples of post-radiation oxidation of PP irradiated in cryogenic conditions (–196°C) are presented. All used aromatic compounds showed a protective effect in PP radiolysis. We suppose that this phenomenon is responsible for the charge transfer along the polymer chain from the ionization spurs to the aromatic compound. The protective ranges of PS in PP radiolysis were estimated for the variously prepared PP/PS type compositions from 6 mers to 28 mers.
Combination of methods of thermal and radiation treatment of sediments associated with PCBs – the Delor type
Authors: Fülöp Marko , Šagátová Andrea , Benkovský Ivan , Prokes Karel , Foltinova Lubica 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An efficient method of burning polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is often used to remove the environmental burden of PCBs. However, combustion produces toxic dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), so residents are increasingly rejecting this method. The heat treatment (HT) method does not burn PCBs but evaporates it from sediments. Even in this process, PCDD/Fs are formed to a lesser extent, which are destroyed by radiation processing (RP) following the HT. At the same time, the RP method degrades PCB congeners down to biphenyls, which decompose easily in the environment. A block assembly of a complex synergistic combination of equipment for methods of thermal (HT) and radiation (RP) destruction of PCBs in sediments is proposed. The efficacy of this complex was preliminarily determined at a level of 70-fold reduction in PCB concentration in sediments. To achieve a higher reduction factor in the concentration of PCBs, possible procedures for optimizing the settings of individual devices of this complex are presented.
O embate entre saúde e economia na pandemia
Authors: Hadler Raquel Duarte 
Published: November 2021

Este artigo analisa uma polêmica que acompanha o desenrolar da pandemia do Coronavírus nos diversos meios de comunicação brasileiros: o embate entre salvar vidas e salvar a economia. Para desenvolver essa análise, são apresentados alguns trechos textuais dos discursos que envolvem a polêmica em questão, os quais circularam na mídia digital, mais especificamente em sites de veículos com relevância nacional. A partir da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, buscou-se apresentar perspectivas que contribuam para a identificação dos mecanismos discursivos que caracterizam a polêmica. No processo de análise de tais discursos foram discutidos aspectos que caracterizam a polêmica a partir de autores que já estudaram esse fenômeno, como também foram mobilizados alguns conceitos que auxiliam na compreensão do seu funcionamento discursivo. Assim, foi possível identificar memórias discursivas, posições em disputa e condições de produção, aspectos entrelaçados com o presente contexto histórico e sociocultural e que ajudam a desconstruir uma suposta transparência da linguagem.