bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Evaluation of Toxic and Repellent Properties of Dracaena arborea Against Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Udo Ime Okon 
Published: June 2021

Laboratory evaluation of ethanolic extract of Dracaena arborea leaves partitioned between equal volumes of chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and n-butanol to obtain various fractions was carried out to assess contact toxicity on filter paper and by topical application, toxicity of extracts applied on grains and repellent action against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.) and Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius on stored grains. Insects were exposed to both treated and untreated surfaces and mortality was scored at different times after treatment. Results obtained from the study showed the extract fractions causing significant mortality of both insects exposed to treatments. A contact toxicity of over 80% was recorded against zeamais from ethyl acetate fraction. Similarly, 100% mortality was recorded against C. maculatus from ethyl acetate fraction after 96 h of treatment. Results obtained from grain treatment produced a significant mortality of over 60% against C. maculatus from n-hexane fraction while the aqueous fraction significantly killed S. zeamais by over 15% compared with the control treatment. A strong repellent action was evoked against S. zeamais while moderate action was recorded against C. maculatus. An overall repellency of 40% and 24% was recorded from various extract fractions against S. zeamais and C. maculatus, respectively. The results obtained suggest a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides and the incorporation of arborea into storage pest management system is advised.
Minimizing Nonessential Follow-up for Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Reich Michael S. , Switzer Julie A. , Sibley Andrew , Schroder Lisa K. , Vang Sandy , Nguyen Mai P. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Hip fractures pose a significant burden to patients and care providers. The optimal protocol for postoperative care across all surgically treated hip fracture patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that routine follow-up had on changing the clinical course.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of all low-energy hip fractures (ie, femoral neck fractures, pertrochanteric hip fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures) treated surgically from January 2018 through December 2019. Charts were reviewed for demographic information; the procedure performed; the number of postoperative follow-up visits each patient had with the orthopaedic surgery team; the number of sets of postoperative radiographic images obtained; and postoperative complications.

Results:
Eight hundred eleven patients with 835 hip fractures were included in the study. The overall number of patient visits was 1,788, and the number of radiograph sets was 1,537. The median number of follow-up visits was two visits/fracture (interquartile range: 1 to 3 visits, maximum = 9 visits), with the median follow-up length of 54 days (interquartile range: 33 to 97 days) with the treating orthopaedic surgeons. Sixty-two (7.6%) patients had 81 (4.5%) postoperative visits and 26 (1.7%) sets of images that led to treatment changes. Among them, 48 (77.4%) patients had concerns that were initiated by the patients and/or care provider. Fourteen standard patient visits led to treatment changes that were not initiated as concerns by the patient and/or care provider.

Discussion:
Most clinic visits and radiographs did not lead to a change in the care plan. We recommend that emphasis be placed on comprehensive orthogeriatric care of these patients, and we believe that these data provide the impetus to work toward improving the care pathways for elderly patients with hip fractures.
Patient Perception of Physician Attire in the Outpatient Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Omari Ali M. , Sodha Samir , Koerner John D. , Alberta Frank G. , Levine Harlan B. , Seidenstein Ari , Klein Gregg R. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, physician attire has evolved to incorporate personal protective equipment (PPE). Although PPE is mandated for all healthcare workers, variability exists in choice and availability. The purpose of this study was to determine patient perception of physician attire during the COVID-19 pandemic in an outpatient setting.

Methods:
Three hundred sixty-eight patients who presented to our outpatient orthopaedic clinics completed an anonymous survey. In addition to demographic characteristics, patient preferences for attire, PPE, and social distancing were obtained.

Results:
Scrubs (81%, 298/368) were found to be the most acceptable physician attire. Eye protection (34.2%, 126/368) and gloves (32.6%, 120/368), however, were deemed much less acceptable; 93.5% (344/368) of patients reported that no mask was unacceptable, with 41.0% (151/368) preferring a surgical mask. Predilection for a surgical mask and N95 rose with increasing patient education level. Interestingly, 55.2% (203/368) responded that physicians should stop wearing PPE only when the Center for Disease Control recommends.

Conclusion:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the patients found scrubs to be the most acceptable attire in an office-based outpatient setting. Patients also found physician mask-wearing to be important but are less accepting of providers wearing eye and hand protection.
Caractériser un champ institutionnel en phase de structuration : monographie d’une approche de la prévention des risques psychosociaux
Authors: Vuattoux Jean-Christophe , Dejean Frédérique 
Published: June 2021

Dans un champ institutionnel naissant, l’absence de discours ou de pratiques institutionnalisés rend difficile son étude. Cet article apporte une réponse originale en étudiant des organisations sociales temporaires dans un champ institutionnel en structuration : les événements configurateurs de champ. En s’appuyant sur le cas français de la prévention des risques psychosociaux dans les organisations, ce travail montre qu’il est possible de saisir les enjeux d’un nouveau champ, d’en identifier les acteurs, les frontières, et de permettre aux organisations concernées de mieux se situer dans la construction de leurs réponses institutionnelles et leur recherche de légitimité.
Effects of maternal taurine supplementation on maternal dietary intake, plasma metabolites and fetal growth and development in cafeteria diet fed rats
Authors: Kabasakal Çetin Arzu , Alkan Tuğ Tuǧba , Güleç Atila , Akyol Aslı 
Published: June 2021

Background
Maternal obesity may disrupt the developmental process of the fetus during gestation in rats. Recent evidence suggests that taurine can exert protective role against detrimental influence of obesogenic diets. This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal cafeteria diet and/or taurine supplementation on maternal dietary intake, plasma metabolites, fetal growth and development.

Methods
Female Wistar rats were fed a control diet (CON), CON supplemented with 1.5% taurine in drinking water (CONT), cafeteria diet (CAF) or CAF supplemented with taurine (CAFT) from weaning. After 8 weeks all animals were mated and maintained on the same diets during pregnancy and lactation.

Results
Dietary intakes were significantly different between the groups. Both CAF and CAFT fed dams consumed less water in comparison to CON and CONT dams. Taurine supplementation only increased plasma taurine concentrations in CONT group. Maternal plasma adiponectin concentrations increased in CAF and CAFT fed dams compared to CON and CONT fed dams and there was no effect of taurine. Hyperleptinemia was observed in CAF fed dams but not in CAFT fed dams. Malondialdehyde was significantly increased only in CAF fed dams. Litter size, sex ratio and birth weight were similar between the groups. There was an increase in neonatal mortality in CONT group.

Discussion
This study showed that maternal taurine supplementation exerted modest protective effects on cafeteria diet induced maternal obesity. The increased neonatal mortality in CONT neonates indicates possible detrimental effects of taurine supplementation in the setting of normal pregnancy. Therefore, future studies should investigate the optimal dose of taurine supplementation and long term potential effects on the offspring.
Regulating Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Activity of a Metal Coordination Polymer via d–π Conjugation
Authors: Ni Youxuan , Lin Liu , Shang Yuxin , Luo Lin , Wang Liubin , Lu Yong , Li Yixin , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Kai , Cheng Fangyi , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐noble transition metal complexes have attracted growing interest as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) while their activities still lack rational and effective regulation. Herein, we propose a d–π conjugation strategy for rough and fine tuning of ORR activity of TM‐BTA (TM=Mn/Fe/Co/Ni/Cu, BTA=1,2,4,5‐benzenetetramine) coordination polymers. By first‐principle calculations, we elucidate that the strong d–π conjugation elevates the dxz/dyz orbitals of TM centers to enhance intermediate adsorption and strengthens the electronic modulation effect from substitute groups on ligands. Based on this strategy, Co‐TABQ (tetramino benzoquinone) is found to approach the top of ORR activity volcano. The synthesized Co‐TABQ with atomically distributed Co on carbon nanotubes exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.85 V and a specific current of 127 mA mgmetal−1 at 0.8 V, outperforming the benchmark Pt/C. The high activity, low peroxide yield, and considerable durability of Co‐BTA and Co‐TABQ promise their application in oxygen electrocatalysis. This study provides mechanistic insight into the rational design of transition metal complex catalysts.
Applying different spectroscopic techniques for the selective determination of daclatasvir using merbromin as a probe: Applications on pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Almahri Albandary , Abdel‐Lateef Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, rapid resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), spectrophotometric, and spectrofluorimetric methods were performed for facile quantitation of daclatasvir dihydrochloride without interference from sofosbuvir (a co‐formulated anti‐hepatitis C virus drug). The proposed approaches were based on forming a binary complex between daclatasvir dihydrochloride and merbromin reagent at pH 4.1. The binary complex was measured spectrophotometrically at λmax = 544 nm. The spectrofluorimetric approach relied on the quenching effect of daclatasvir dihydrochloride on the fluorescence strength of merbromin at λEmission = 545 nm. The RRS approach depended on augmentation in the merbromin RRS spectrum at 363 nm upon addition of daclatasvir dihydrochloride. The presented methodologies were linear over the concentration ranges 2.5−15.0, 0.2−1.6 and 0.15−3.0 μg ml−1 with detection limits of 0.45, 0.046, and 0.036 μg ml−1 for the spectrophotometric approach, the spectrofluorometric approach, and RRS approach, respectively. Current approaches were validated in compliance with International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and utilized practically to estimate daclatasvir dihydrochloride either in binary mixtures with sofosbuvir or in its commercial tablet dosage form with good results. Moreover, the test for content uniformity was applied successfully on commercial tablets using the current spectroscopic approaches.
Exploring the potential of engineering polygalacturonase‐inhibiting protein as an ecological, friendly, and nontoxic pest control agent
Authors: Chiu Tiffany , Behari Anita , Chartron Justin W. , Putman Alexander , Li Yanran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn plants, polygalacturonase‐inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) play critical roles for resistance to fungal disease by inhibiting the pectin‐depolymerizing activity of endopolygalacturonases (PGs), one type of enzyme secreted by pathogens that compromises plant cell walls and leaves the plant susceptible to disease. Here, the interactions between PGIPs from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvPGIP1 and PvPGIP2) and PGs from Aspergillus niger (AnPG2), Botrytis cinerea (BcPG1 and BcPG2), and Fusarium moniliforme (FmPG3) were reconstituted through a yeast two hybrid (Y2H) system to investigate the inhibition efficiency of various PvPGIP1 and 2 truncations and mutants. We found that tPvPGIP2_5‐8, which contains LRR5 to LRR8 and is only one‐third the size of the full length peptide, exhibits the same level of interactions with AnPG and BcPGs as the full length PvPGIP2 via Y2H. The inhibitory activities of tPvPGIP2_5‐8 on the growth of A. niger and B. cinerea were then examined and confirmed on pectin agar. On pectin assays, application of both full length PvPGIP2 and tPvPGIP2_5‐8 clearly slows down the growth of A. niger and B. cinerea. Investigation on the sequence‐function relationships of PGIP utilizing a combination of site directed mutagenesis and a variety of peptide truncations suggests that LRR5 could have the most essential structural feature for the inhibitory activities, and may be a possible target for the future engineering of PGIP with enhanced activity. This study highlights the potential of plant‐derived PGIPs as a candidate for future in planta evaluation as a pest control agent.
New Natural Products from Asphodelus albus MILL. Essential Oil
Authors: Dekić Milan S. , Selimović Enisa S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA detailed chemical analysis of the essential oil of Asphodelus albus roots performed in this work, in combination with a chemical synthesis approach – the synthesis of selected compounds and their detailed spectral analysis – has led to the identification of a series of new natural products, the esters of furan‐3‐ylmethanol: furan‐3‐ylmethyl 2‐methylpropanoate, furan‐3‐ylmethyl butanoate, furan‐3‐ylmethyl 2‐methylbutanoate, furan‐3‐ylmethyl 3‐methylbutanoate, furan‐3‐ylmethyl pentanoate, furan‐3‐ylmethyl 4‐methylpentanoate, and furan‐3‐ylmethyl hexanoate.
Dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction: rationale and design of the DELIVER trial
Authors: Solomon Scott D. , de Boer Rudolf A. , DeMets David , Hernandez Adrian F. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Martinez Felipe , Shah Sanjiv J. , Lindholm Daniel , Wilderäng Ulrica , Öhrn Fredrik , Claggett Brian , Langkilde Anna Maria , Petersson Magnus , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsSodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, originally developed as glucose‐lowering agents, have been shown to reduce heart failure hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes without established heart failure, and in patients with heart failure with and without diabetes. Their role in patients with heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction remains unknown.MethodsDapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients With PReserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (DELIVER) is an international, multicentre, parallel group, event‐driven, randomized, double‐blind trial in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40%, comparing the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily, vs. placebo, in addition to standard of care. Patients with or without diabetes, with signs and symptoms of heart failure, a LVEF >40%, elevation in natriuretic peptides and evidence of structural heart disease are eligible. The primary endpoint is time‐to‐first cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure event (heart failure hospitalization or urgent heart failure visit), and will be assessed in dual primary analyses – the full population and in those with LVEF <60%. The study is event‐driven and will target 1117 primary events. A total of 6263 patients have been randomized.ConclusionsDELIVER will determine the efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to conventional therapy, in patients with heart failure and preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction.
Flow cytometry data mining by cytoChain identifies determinants of exhaustion and stemness in TCR‐engineered T cells
Authors: Manfredi Francesco , Abbati Danilo , Cianciotti Beatrice Claudia , Stasi Lorena , Potenza Alessia , Ruggiero Eliana , Magnani Zulma , Carnevale Erica , Doglio Matteo , Noviello Maddalena , Tassi Elena , Balestrieri Chiara , Buonanno Silvia , Clemente Francesca , De Lalla Claudia , Protti Maria Pia , Mondino Anna , Casorati Giulia , Dellabona Paolo , Bonini Chiara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe phenotype of infused cells is a major determinant of Adoptive T‐cell therapy (ACT) efficacy. Yet, the difficulty in deciphering multiparametric cytometry data limited the fine characterization of cellular products. To allow the analysis of dynamic and complex flow cytometry samples, we developed cytoChain, a novel dataset mining tool and a new analytical workflow. CytoChain was challenged to compare state‐of‐the‐art and innovative culture conditions to generate stem‐like memory cells (TSCM) suitable for ACT. Noticeably, the combination of IL‐7/15 and superoxides scavenging sustained the emergence of a previously unidentified nonexhausted Fit‐TSCM signature, overlooked by manual gating and endowed with superior expansion potential. CytoChain proficiently traced back this population in independent datasets, and in T‐cell receptor engineered lymphocytes. CytoChain flexibility and function were then further validated on a published dataset from circulating T cells in COVID‐19 patients. Collectively, our results support the use of cytoChain to identify novel, functionally critical immunophenotypes for ACT and patients immunomonitoring.
A targeted ancestry informative InDels panel on capillary electrophoresis for ancestry inference in Asian populations
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Cao Yueyan , Zhang Shu , Huang Yuguo , Hu Yuhan , Zhou Yijun , Wang Haoyu , Wang Yufang , Zhang Ji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCE is the primary methodology used in forensic DNA typing. Alleles of commonly used types of genetic markers could be separated and detected via CE based on dye color and migration time. Insertion/deletion (InDel) is an ideal genetic marker for forensic DNA analysis due to their abundance in the human genome, low mutation rate, availability of their allele types via CE, and elimination of stutter peaks. Moreover, InDels could be used as ancestry informative markers since allele frequencies of InDels is different among geographically separated populations. Several ancestry informative insertion/deletion panels have been established based on CE platform to achieve the intercontinental populations distinction. However, improvements to differentiate intracontinental populations is few. In this study, 21 InDels with fixation index (FST) > 0.15 were selected and assembled into one ancestry informative insertion/deletion panel. Using well‐designed primers, those 21 InDels could be amplified successfully and genotyped on the CE platform accurately and completely. The panel showed a large FST distance distinction among the ten Asian populations. Using clustering analysis, ten Asian populations were classified into three subgroups: East Asian, Southeast Asian, and South Asian subgroups. To evaluate the panel's capability in ancestry inference, a validation experiment was undertaken with 319 individuals from four geographically separated populations in China. Four Chinese populations were classified into different ancestry subgroups and 81.8% test individuals’ ancestry could be inferred correctly. Our result showed that development of high ancestry informative InDels panel based on CE platform is a potential for individual ancestry inference among intracontinental populations.
Genetic toxicity testing using human in vitro organotypic airway cultures: Assessing DNA damage with the CometChip and mutagenesis by Duplex Sequencing
Authors: Wang Yiying , Mittelstaedt Roberta A. , Wynne Rebecca , Chen Ying , Cao Xuefei , Muskhelishvili Levan , Davis Kelly , Robison Timothy W. , Sun Wei , Schmidt Elizabeth K. , Smith Thomas H. , Norgaard Zachary K. , Valentine Charles C. , Yaplee Jeffry , Williams Lindsey N. , Salk Jesse J. , Heflich Robert H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe organotypic human air‐liquid‐interface (ALI) airway tissue model has been used as an in vitro cell culture system for evaluating the toxicity of inhaled substances. ALI airway cultures are highly differentiated, which has made it challenging to evaluate genetic toxicology endpoints. In the current study, we assayed DNA damage with the high‐throughput CometChip assay and quantified mutagenesis with Duplex Sequencing, an error‐corrected next‐generation sequencing method capable of detecting a single mutation per 107 base pairs. Fully differentiated human ALI airway cultures were treated from the basolateral side with 6.25 to 100 μg/mL ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) over a period of 28 days. CometChip assays were conducted after 3 and 28 days of treatment, and Duplex Sequencing after 28 days of treatment. Treating the airway cultures with EMS resulted in time‐ and concentration‐dependent increases in DNA damage and a concentration‐dependent increase in mutant frequency. The mutations observed in the EMS‐treated cultures were predominantly C → T transitions and exhibited a unique trinucleotide signature relative to the negative control. Measurement of physiological endpoints indicated that the EMS treatments had no effect on anti‐p63‐positive basal cell frequency, but produced concentration‐responsive increases in cytotoxicity and perturbations in cell morphology, along with concentration‐responsive decreases in culture viability, goblet cell and anti‐Ki67‐positive proliferating cell frequency, cilia beating frequency, and mucin secretion. The results indicate that a unified 28‐day study can be used to measure several important safety endpoints in physiologically relevant human in vitro ALI airway cultures, including DNA damage, mutagenicity, and tissue‐specific general toxicity.
Experimental study of spray analysis for Palmarosa biodiesel‐diesel blends in a constant volume chamber
Authors: Sathiyamoorthi Ramalingam , Sankaranarayanan Gomathinayakam , Munuswamy Dinesh Babu , Devarajan Yuvarajan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe diesel spray process is one of the critical development zones in terms of diesel engine‐out emission regulations. Detailed analysis of Palmarosa oil methyl esters fuel spray properties has been studied and made a comparison analysis with mineral diesel. Experiments under various injection pressures (200, 225, and 250 bars) have been investigated in a constant volume chamber (CVC). Studies have shown that the longest and shortest spray tip penetrations (STPs) for biodiesel and diesel were observed. A higher spray cone angle of about 17.5 ms for PMO fuels and 11.4 ms for diesel were found. The Sauter mean diameter for all test blends decreased with an increase in fuel injection pressure with the maximum reduction of 15 μm. Additionally, the spray volume of 0.4 cm3 and spray area of 5 cm2 increased respectively during 250 bars injection pressure. STP increased by 14.3 ms for Palmarosa oil methyl ester than diesel at 250 bars injection pressure. It is concluded that the fuel properties such as density and viscosity are the main influencing factors for spray analysis and play a significant role in the fuel injection system.