bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I don't let everyone see my struggles”: Mothers' social support and privacy management
Authors: Vik Tennley A. , DeGroot Jocelyn M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explored the connection between communication privacy management and person‐centered messages directed toward mothers, as they make decisions to disclose or not disclose parenting challenges in the face of needing social support. One hundred thirty‐six mothers completed the online open‐ended survey. Findings revealed that, if they chose to share their challenges, mothers tended to disclose parenting challenges to others with whom they identified. Reasons for reifying rigid privacy boundaries include maintaining positive self‐presentation, buffering from judgment of others, the anticipation of low person‐centered messages, and experiences with others constructing hurtful social support messages. Participants also reflected on their experiences and identified their own social support needs.
Analyzing the Risk to COVID‐19 Infection using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Kanga Shruti , Meraj Gowhar , Sudhanshu  , Farooq Majid , Nathawat M. S. , Singh Suraj Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobally, the COVID‐19 pandemic has become a threat to humans and to the socioeconomic systems they have developed since the industrial revolution. Hence, governments and stakeholders call for strategies to help restore normalcy while dealing with this pandemic effectively. Since till now, the disease is yet to have a cure; therefore, only risk‐based decision making can help governments achieve a sustainable solution in the long term. To help the decisionmakers explore viable actions, we propose a risk‐based assessment framework for analyzing COVID‐19 risk to areas, using integrated hazard and vulnerability components associated with this pandemic for effective risk mitigation. The study is carried on a region administrated by Jaipur municipal corporation (JMC), India. Based on the current understanding of this disease, we hypothesized different COVID‐19 risk indices (C19Ri) of the wards of JMC such as proximity to hotspots, total population, population density, availability of clean water, and associated land use/land cover, are related with COVID‐19 contagion and calculated them in a GIS‐based multicriteria risk reduction method. The results showed disparateness in COVID‐19 risk areas with a higher risk in north‐eastern and south‐eastern zone wards within the boundary of JMC. We proposed prioritizing wards under higher risk zones for intelligent decision making regarding COVID‐19 risk reduction through appropriate management of resources‐related policy consequences. This study aims to serve as a baseline study to be replicated in other parts of the country or world to eradicate the threat of COVID‐19 effectively.
Frequent blood flow restricted training not to failure and to failure induces similar gains in myonuclei and muscle mass
Authors: Bjørnsen Thomas , Wernbom Mathias , Paulsen Gøran , Berntsen Sveinung , Brankovic Robert , Stålesen Håkon , Sundnes Joakim , Raastad Truls 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of short‐term high‐frequency failure vs non‐failure blood flow–restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on changes in satellite cells (SCs), myonuclei, muscle size, and strength. Seventeen untrained men performed four sets of BFRRE to failure (Failure) with one leg and not to failure (Non‐failure; 30‐15‐15‐15 repetitions) with the other leg using knee‐extensions at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Fourteen sessions were distributed over two 5‐day blocks, separated by a 10‐day rest period. Muscle samples obtained before, at mid‐training, and 10‐day post‐intervention (Post10) were analyzed for muscle fiber area (MFA), myonuclei, and SC. Muscle size and echo intensity of m.rectus femoris (RF) and m.vastus lateralis (VL) were measured by ultrasonography, and knee extension strength with 1RM and maximal isometric contraction (MVC) up until Post24. Both protocols increased myonuclear numbers in type‐1 (12%–17%) and type‐2 fibers (20%–23%), and SC in type‐1 (92%–134%) and type‐2 fibers (23%–48%) at Post10 (p < 0.05). RF and VL size increased by 5%–10% in both legs at Post10 to Post24, whereas the MFA of type‐1 fibers in Failure was decreased at Post10 (−10 ± 16%; p = 0.02). Echo intensity increased by ~20% in both legs during Block1 (p < 0.001) and was ~8 to 11% below baseline at Post24 (p = 0.001–0.002). MVC and 1RM decreased by 5%–10% after Block1, but increased in both legs by 6%–11% at Post24 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both short‐term high‐frequency failure and non‐failure BFRRE induced increases in SCs, in myonuclei content, muscle size, and strength, concomitant with decreased echo intensity. Intriguingly, the responses were delayed and peaked 10–24 days after the training intervention. Our findings may shed light on the mechanisms involved in resistance exercise‐induced overreaching and supercompensation.
Building Populist Discourse: An Analysis of Populist Communication in American Presidential Elections, 1896–2016
Authors: Fahey James J. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThis article examined the history of the use of populist frames in American presidential campaign discourse in order to answer a set of interrelated questions about how populist discourse is constructed and employed.MethodsUsing a novel database of presidential campaign speeches (n = 189) from 63 major candidates from 1896 to 2016, I coded these speeches for presence or absence of a set of 11 populist frames. Mokken scale analysis was conducted to determine if populist discourse is “built” in a logical way by political candidates. Regression analysis was conducted to measure if outsider candidates were more likely to employ populist framing.ResultsEight of the 11 frames comprise a stable Mokken scale that measures populist discourse. Results show that anti‐bureaucratic and nativist frames do not load onto the same factor as other populist frames, suggesting that they may be measuring a separate concept. Candidates are more likely to use generic, less threatening aspects of the populist frame than they are to use illiberal, “risky” frames. Less experienced and third‐party candidates are also more likely to use populist discourse.ConclusionPopulism is a flexible but coherent set of discursive frames present across modern campaign history. Populist framings are most commonly utilized by outsider candidates.
Manganese triggers phosphorylation‐mediated endocytosis of the Arabidopsis metal transporter NRAMP1
Authors: Castaings Loren , Alcon Carine , Kosuth Thibault , Correia David , Curie Catherine 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe NATURAL RESISTANCE‐ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN 1 (NRAMP1) transporter guarantees plant survival of manganese (Mn) deficiency by mediating Mn entry into root cells. Unlike other high‐affinity metal transporters, NRAMP1 is only slightly regulated at the transcriptional level. We show here that adequate Mn content in tissues is safeguarded through a tight control of the quantity of NRAMP1 present at the surface of root cells. Depending on Mn availability, an NRAMP1‐GFP fusion protein cycles dynamically between the plasma membrane (PM) and endosomal compartments. This involves a clathrin‐mediated endocytosis pathway, as disrupting this pathway in auxilin‐overexpressor lines prevents NRAMP1 internalization. Mutation of the phosphorylated serine residues 20, 22 and 24 in the cytosol‐exposed N terminus of NRAMP1 alters its membrane distribution. Indeed, a phospho‐dead mutation stabilizes NRAMP1 at the PM, regardless of the Mn regime, and dramatically reduces plant tolerance to Mn toxicity. Conversely a phosphomimetic mutant is constitutively internalized into endosomes. Together, these data establish that phosphorylation of NRAMP1 is the trigger for its Mn‐induced endocytosis and represents the main level of regulation of this transporter. Furthermore, the extent of Mn toxicity observed when interrupting NRAMP1 membrane cycling undermines the dogma that Mn is only marginally toxic to plants.
The BOP‐type co‐transcriptional regulator NODULE ROOT1 promotes stem secondary growth of the tropical Cannabaceae tree Parasponia andersonii
Authors: Shen Defeng , Holmer Rens , Kulikova Olga , Mannapperuma Chanaka , Street Nathaniel R. , Yan Zhichun , van der Maden Thomas , Bu Fengjiao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Geurts Rene , Magne Kévin 
Published: March 2021

SummaryTree stems undergo a massive secondary growth in which secondary xylem and phloem tissues arise from the vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activity is driven by endogenous developmental signalling cues and environmental stimuli. Current knowledge regarding the genetic regulation of cambium activity and secondary growth is still far from complete. The tropical Cannabaceae tree Parasponia andersonii is a non‐legume research model of nitrogen‐fixing root nodulation. Parasponia andersonii can be transformed efficiently, making it amenable for CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated reverse genetics. We considered whether P. andersonii also could be used as a complementary research system to investigate tree‐related traits, including secondary growth. We established a developmental map of stem secondary growth in P. andersonii plantlets. Subsequently, we showed that the expression of the co‐transcriptional regulator PanNODULE ROOT1 (PanNOOT1) is essential for controlling this process. PanNOOT1 is orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana BLADE‐ON‐PETIOLE1 (AtBOP1) and AtBOP2, which are involved in the meristem‐to‐organ‐boundary maintenance. Moreover, in species forming nitrogen‐fixing root nodules, NOOT1 is known to function as a key nodule identity gene. Parasponia andersonii CRISPR‐Cas9 loss‐of‐function Pannoot1 mutants are altered in the development of the xylem and phloem tissues without apparent disturbance of the cambium organization and size. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of key secondary growth‐related genes is significantly down‐regulated in Pannoot1 mutants. This allows us to conclude that PanNOOT1 positively contributes to the regulation of stem secondary growth. Our work also demonstrates that P. andersonii can serve as a tree research system.
A Review on Water Fault Diagnosis of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System
Authors: Ma Tiancai , Zhang Zhaoli , Lin Weikang , Yang Yanbo , Yao Naiyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reliability and durability are the main factors that hinder the large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Water management is the key to solve such problems, and water content is the measurement standard of water management. But it is very difficult to measure water content inside the fuel cell directly. Thus, water fault diagnosis is a basic technology to monitor the water content indirectly based on the measurable parameters. In this paper, the water fault diagnosis of the PEMFC system has been summarized in three sections including the theoretical model-based method, knowledge-based method, and signal processing method from practical application, and part of them is from the perspective of vehicle application.
Pressure Loss Due to Hydraulic Transport of Large Solid Particles in Vertical Pipes Under Pulsating Flow Conditions
Authors: Masanobu Sotaro , Takano Satoru , Kanada Shigeo , Ono Masao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is important to predict the pressure loss due to hydraulic transport of large solid particles for the design of subsea mining system. The mixture flow in the lifting pipe is expected to be unsteady in the actual mining system. The authors develop the one-dimensional mathematical model to predict the pressure loss of pulsating mixture flow in a static vertical pipe assuming that the flow in the pipe is fully developed. The experiment on hydraulic transport of solid particles was carried out to obtain the data for the investigation of the effects of flow fluctuation on pressure loss in a static vertical pipe. In the experiment, alumina beads and glass beads were used as solid particles, and the experimental parameters were mixture velocity, solid concentration, pulsating period, and pulsating amplitude. The proposed model was validated by a comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, we calculated the pressure losses due to hydraulic transports of polymetallic sulfide ores and manganese nodules using the proposed model. The calculation results showed that the fluctuating component in pulsating mixture flow should be considered for the design of lifting system and that the homogeneous mixture model could not be applied to the prediction of the pressure loss unless the mixture concentration is low and the pulsating period is short.
Short-Term Forecasting and Uncertainty Analysis of Wind Power
Authors: Bo Gu , Keke Luo , Hongtao Zhang , Jinhua Zhang , Hui Huang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Accurate forecasting is the key factor in promoting wind power consumption and improving the stable operation of power systems. A short-term wind power forecasting (WPF) and uncertainty analysis method based on whale optimization algorithm (WOA), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and nonparametric kernel density estimation (NPKDE) was proposed in this paper. The advantages of WOA (fast convergence speed and high convergence accuracy) were used to optimize the penalty factor and kernel function width of the LSSVM model, and the calculation speed and forecasting accuracy of the LSSVM model were improved. The training sample set is classified according to the wind speed interval, and the WOA-LSSVM forecasting model is trained by subclass after classification to further improve the accuracy of short-term WPF. The NPKDE method is used to accurately calculate the probability density distribution characteristics of the forecasting error of wind power, and the confidence interval of the WPF is accurately calculated based on the probability density distribution characteristics. The calculation results show that the forecasting accuracy of the WOA-LSSVM model is higher than those of the LSSVM, long short-term memory (LSTM), and particle swarm optimization and least squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM) models, and the forecasting accuracy of the WOA-LSSVM model can be further improved after classifying the training sample set. The coverage of the confidence intervals in different time scales is higher than the corresponding confidence level, indicating that the NPKDE method can accurately describe the probability density distribution characteristics of the WPF errors.
Hybrid/Combined Darrieus–Savonius Wind Turbines: Erstwhile Development and Future Prognosis
Authors: Sarma Jyotirmoy , Jain Siddhant , Mukherjee Prasenjit , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Over the last few decades, the vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have undergone intensive research mainly due to their design simplicity and independency of wind direction. The drag-based Savonius wind rotor exhibits a better starting capability, whereas the lift-based Darrieus wind rotor achieves higher efficiency over a wider operating range. Thus, in order to capitalize on their advantages, both the rotors are mounted on the same axis to form a hybrid/combined system. In this review paper, an attempt has been made to collect and analyze the past research studies in the field of hybrid wind rotors. An optimization route has also been suggested for the design of such a hybrid wind rotor to ensure that the design complexity is minimized, and at the same time, both the Savonius and the Darrieus rotors are utilized to their fullest potential. In this regard, a few important parameters are identified whose effects on the hybrid rotor performance must be investigated in future studies. Suggestions and direction of research are presented keeping in mind the improvement of the technology.
Super Aggressive S-Ducts for Air Breathing Rocket Engines
Authors: Taylor J. V. , Flanagan F. , Dunlop A. , Grimshaw S. D. , Miller R. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Air breathing rocket engines require turbomachinery and ducting that is substantially lighter than that used in ground-based or aerospace gas turbines. In order to reduce the weight of the axial compressor, the design of the inter-spool swan neck duct is targeted. In this paper, a circumferential splitter blade is used to reduce loading and diffusion on the duct endwalls. The splitter and duct geometry are coupled and optimized together using 2D CFD. A design is selected that is 30% shorter than ducts that are currently used in aerospace gas turbines, and the 3D flow features are investigated in further detail using an experimental rig and 3D CFD. This paper shows that the “splittered” duct has three benefits over a conventional duct design: first, separation of the endwalls is prevented even at short duct lengths, this will reduce distortion into the downstream compressor. Second, losses generated by corner separations on structural struts can be reduced by 20%, enabling short ducts to achieve high performance. Third, splittered ducts are shown to be twice as robust to uncertain inlet flow conditions as conventional ducts. This allows a designer to target high-performance short designs with reduced risk.
A Stiffness Model for Bolted Joints Considering Asperity Interactions of Rough Surface Contact
Authors: Zhou Hua , Long Xinhua , Meng Guang , Liu Xianbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A revised fractal contact model considering asperity interactions is proposed. The displacement of the mean of asperity heights is used to represent the effects of the asperity interactions. Then, the critical contact area will be dependent on the contact load, and the contact stiffness will be an integral whose integrand is an implicit expression. The fractal dimension and the fractal roughness are obtained by the measurement of the surface profile to calculate the theoretical contact stiffness. The measurement of deformation is conducted to obtain the actual contact stiffness for verification, and the results show that the proposed model is closer to the experimental results than other models without considering asperity interactions. Once the contact stiffness is determined, a new equivalent normal stiffness model for bolted joints considering the contact of two rough surfaces is also proposed. Since the contact stiffness is dependent on the clamped force, the equivalent normal stiffness for bolted joints is calculated iteratively at given initial preload and external separating force. Different from the classical model, the equivalent normal stiffness for bolted joint decreases with the external separating force increases, and this stiffness loss will become larger with initial preload decreases. In this sense, the proposed equivalent normal stiffness model is a way to determine the suitable initial preload for different sizes of bolts when the stiffness loss is restricted to a certain range.
An Incremental Equivalent Circular Contact Model for Rough Surfaces
Authors: Wang G. F. , Liang X. M. , Yan D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The accurate calculation of the real contact area between rough surfaces is a key issue in tribology. In this paper, based on the geometrical information of total contact area and the number of contact patches with respect to surface separation, a new method is proposed to determine the relation between real contact area and normal load. The contact of rough surfaces is treated as an accumulation of equivalent circular contacts with varying average contact radius. For a realistic range of separation, the proposed model predicts a linear relation between real contact area and load, and coincides well with direct finite element calculations. Moreover, this model is general and not confined to isotropic Gaussian surfaces.
Method for Calculating Plastic Deformation of High Resolution and Large Contact Area
Authors: Sklenak S. , Mevissen D. , Brimmers J. , Brecher C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a rolling contact, the tribological properties in terms of friction, wear, and fatigue are significantly influenced by the surface roughness. Due to solid contact of the surfaces in the contact area, the roughness and thus also the tribological properties change during the service life of the contact. The initial load leads to major changes of the tribological properties figured out by Brecher et al. (2019, “Influence of the Metalworking Fluid on the Micropitting Wear of Gears,” Wear, 61(434–435), p. 202996). Prediction of the initial changes in topography in the contact area is necessary for specific optimization of rolling contacts. Especially for dry rolling–sliding contact, the roughness of the surfaces is crucial for the lifetime, which is part of the investigations within the DFG priority program 2074 (357505886). In this work, an elastic-plastic contact algorithm for calculating plastic deformation for dry contact of rough surfaces with large contact area and high resolution is presented. Due to the nonlinearity behavior associated with plastic deformation, the plastic contact algorithm is based on an iterative approach. An optimized meshing strategy is implemented to calculate the elastic pressure distribution on the surface. Corresponding to the two-dimensional pressure distribution, the three-dimensional stress distribution allows the consideration of residual stresses and interactions of the microscopic peaks of the rough surface. Furthermore, the three-dimensional plastic strain distribution allows the application of an analytical approach to represent the plastic deformation of the surface. Finally, the solution of a plastic contact calculation with an exemplary topography measured on a real rough surface is presented.
Subsmoothing: An Optimized Smoothing Method
Authors: Gutfinger Ron S. , Abraham Raj 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Usually, a mesh created by an automatic mesh generator is of low quality. In order to improve the mesh quality, a smoothing algorithm is applied on the mesh. The result is a mesh ready for analysis. The smoothing is a CPU intensive iterative process. In some cases, smoothing may take longer than the initial mesh creation. In this work an optimized smoothing algorithm is presented. While iterating, the algorithm recognizes nodes that are sufficiently smoothed, and ignores them in subsequent iterations. Progressively, a smaller and smaller subset of nodes is smoothed. The result is less CPU time spent per iteration, and some decrease in the total number of iterations. This method, called subsmoothing, is applied on Laplacian smoothing of shell meshes. Examples show 30% CPU time savings and little change in mesh quality (¼%).
Process Selection for the Design of Aluminum Components
Authors: Yu Jyh-Cheng , Lotfi Sherveen , Ishii Kos , Trageser Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a method for process selection of aluminum components in the early stages of design. Aluminum has many advantages in a variety of applications in its manufacturability and recyclability. Yet, engineers who are trained to design steel components do not take full advantage of this material. The main reason is that engineers tend to be unaware of the many economical processing methods for aluminum. We have developed a program that combines preliminary screening of processes with normalized cost analysis. Design compatibility analysis (DCA) ranks each process based on its feasibility with the basic geometry, material, and production requirements. For top candidates, the program employs external cost routines for detailed comparisons. The primary processes considered are extrusion, sheet forming, forging, die casting, and sand casting. The program extends its compatibility and cost analysis to secondary operations such as bending and machining. The program should be useful for engineer training and as a preliminary design tool. The program uses HyperCard as a front-end, Prolog for logic-based analysis, and Excel for cost calculations.