bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early discharge after temporary epicardial pacing wire removal: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jacob Liril , Bruno Vito Domenico , Cross Debbie 
Published: June 2021

Background/Aims Insertion of temporary epicardial pacing wires is a common procedure following cardiac surgery. Complications related to their removal, though rare, can be fatal. There are no nationally recognised guidelines on the removal of pacing wires or safe discharge thereafter. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of discharging stable cardiac surgery patients, who meet all other discharge criteria, within 4–24 hours of epicardial pacing wire removal. Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted with all consecutive cardiac surgery patients who underwent temporary pacing wire insertion at a tertiary centre for cardiac surgery (n=250). Patient records were retrospectively reviewed to extract and collate variables related to the procedure, as well as acute and long-term adverse outcomes. Data were analysed using a variety of statistical tests, with P<0.005 being taken to indicate significance. Results No significant difference was observed in the incidence of acute (P=0.646) or long-term complications (P=0.118) between patients discharged before 24 hours after wire removal and those discharged later. Patients with moderate or severe resistance to removal were significantly more likely to experience acute complications (P<0.001). Patients with an international normalised ratio of >2 at removal showed significantly more long-term complications (40.9% vs 16.2%, P=0.02). Conclusions The practice of discharging patients within 24 hours after pacing wire removal, if all other discharge criteria are met, is safe. High resistance and an elevated international normalised ratio (>2) at the time of removal are independent predictors of acute and long-term complications. Such patients should be closely monitored after removal and might benefit from delayed discharge. Further research should be conducted to make this study's results more generalisable and to formulate guidelines to standardise practice.
Suspected scaphoid injuries managed by MRI direct from the emergency department
Authors: Dean Benjamin J. F. , Little Christopher , Riley Nicholas D. , Sellon Edward , Sheehan Warren , Burford Jenna , Hormbrey Phil , Costa Matthew L. 
Published: June 2021

Aims To determine the role of early MRI in the management of suspected scaphoid fractures. Methods A total of 337 consecutive patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) following wrist trauma over a 12-month period were prospectively included in this service evaluation project. MRI was not required in 62 patients with clear diagnoses, and 17 patients were not managed as per pathway, leaving a total of 258 patients with normal scaphoid series radiographs who were then referred directly from ED for an acute wrist MRI scan. Patient demographics, clinical details, outcomes, and complications were recorded at a minimum of a year following injury. Results The median time from injury to ED presentation was one day and the median number of positive clinical signs was two out of three (snuffbox tenderness, tubercle tenderness, pain on telescoping). Of 258 patients referred for acute MRI, 208 scans were performed as 50 patients either did not tolerate (five patients) or did not attend their scan (45 patients). MRI scans demonstrated scaphoid fracture (13%), fracture of another bone (22%), scaphoid contusion (6%), other contusion/ligamentous injury (20%), or solely degenerative pathology (10%). Only 29% of scans showed no abnormality. Almost 50% of those undergoing MRI (100 patients) were discharged by ED with advice, with only one re-presentation. Of the 27 undisplaced occult scaphoid fractures, despite prompt cast immobilization, two experienced delayed union which was successfully treated with surgery. Conclusion The use of MRI direct from ED enables prompt diagnosis and the early discharge of a large proportion of patients with normal radiographs following wrist trauma. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(6):447–453.
Mid-infrared ridge waveguides fabricated in CaF2 crystal by the technique of O5+ ion irradiation
Authors: Zhang Xinbin , Cheng Yazhou , Zhang Yongcheng 
Published: June 2021

The fabrication of ridge waveguides in calcium fluoride (

C
a
F

2

) crystal working at the mid-infrared wavelength was studied. First, the planar waveguide was fabricated by using

O

5
+

ion irradiation, and then the ridge waveguide structure was manufactured by precise diamond blade dicing. The propagation loss was measured by end-face coupling arrangement, and then annealing treatment was implemented to optimize the waveguide performance, and the propagation loss was finally reduced to 0.5 dB/cm. We measured the Raman spectra of the waveguide and substrate to observe the damage to the material lattice caused by

O

5
+

ion irradiation technology.
Deep learning to predict long-term mortality in patients requiring 7 days of mechanical ventilation
Authors: George Naomi , Moseley Edward , Eber Rene , Siu Jennifer , Samuel Mathew , Yam Jonathan , Huang Kexin , Celi Leo Anthony , Lindvall Charlotta 
Published: June 2021

Background
Among patients with acute respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheostomies are typically placed after approximately 7 to 10 days. Yet half of patients admitted to the intensive care unit receiving tracheostomy will die within a year, often within three months. Existing mortality prediction models for prolonged mechanical ventilation, such as the ProVent Score, have poor sensitivity and are not applied until after 14 days of mechanical ventilation. We developed a model to predict 3-month mortality in patients requiring more than 7 days of mechanical ventilation using deep learning techniques and compared this to existing mortality models.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Database. Patients: All adults requiring ≥ 7 days of mechanical ventilation. Measurements: A neural network model for 3-month mortality was created using process-of-care variables, including demographic, physiologic and clinical data. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) was compared to the ProVent model at predicting 3 and 12-month mortality. Shapley values were used to identify the variables with the greatest contributions to the model.

Results
There were 4,334 encounters divided into a development cohort (n = 3467) and a testing cohort (n = 867). The final deep learning model included 250 variables and had an AUROC of 0.74 for predicting 3-month mortality at day 7 of mechanical ventilation versus 0.59 for the ProVent model. Older age and elevated Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) Score on intensive care unit admission had the largest contribution to predicting mortality.

Discussion
We developed a deep learning prediction model for 3-month mortality among patients requiring ≥ 7 days of mechanical ventilation using a neural network approach utilizing readily available clinical variables. The model outperforms the ProVent model for predicting mortality among patients requiring ≥ 7 days of mechanical ventilation. This model requires external validation.
Nanoscale Copper II Oxide An Efficient and Reusable Adsorbent for Removal of Nickel II from Contaminated Water
Authors: Raul Prasanta K. , Das Bodhaditya , Devi Rashmi R. , Dwivedi Sanjai K. 
Published: June 2021

The present work describes the synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface area (52.11 m2/g) and its Ni(II) adsorption efficiency from contaminated water at room temperature. Copper (II) oxide NPs are able to remove Ni(II) as 93.6 per cent and 93.7 per cent using 500 ppb & 1000 ppb initial concentration of nickel at near-neutral pH respectively. CuO NPs is very much effective to remove more than 75 per cent nickel over a wide range of pH even in presence of other competing ions like Cd2+, Pb2+, Cr6+, SO42-. Prepared CuO NPs can be used to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solution in real field application.
Groundstates for Choquard type equations with weighted potentials and Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev lower critical exponent
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Liu Zhisu , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe are concerned with a class of Choquard type equations with weighted potentials and Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev lower critical exponent−Δu+V(x)u=Iα∗[Q(x)|u|N+αN]Q(x)|u|αN−1u,x∈RN.$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle -{\it\Delta} u+V(x)u=\left(I_{\alpha}\ast [Q(x)|u|^{\frac{N+\alpha}{N}}]\right)Q(x)|u|^{\frac{\alpha}{N}-1}u, \quad x\in \mathbb R^N. \end{array}$$By using variational approaches, we investigate the existence of groundstates relying on the asymptotic behaviour of weighted potentials at infinity. Moreover, non-existence of non-trivial solutions is also considered. In particular, we give a partial answer to some open questions raised in [D.~Cassani, J. Van Schaftingen and J. J. Zhang, Groundstates for Choquard type equations with Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev lower critical exponent,Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section A Mathematics,150(2020), 1377–1400].
The post 16 gap: how do young people conceptualise PE? An exploration of the barriers to participation in physical education, physical activity and sport in senior school pupils
Authors: Cowley Joe G. , McIntosh Ian , Kiely John , Collins Dave J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have identified several key barriers to Physical Education, Physical activity and Sport (PEPAS). However, there is a paucity of qualitative evidence investigating why young people do and do not participate in PA and the relationship between their levels of participation at different stages of life. This study builds on a previous study and aims to investigate the barriers to PEPAS in adolescents at transition stage. The extant literature highlights that instilling regular PA throughout life strongly relies on developing physical literacy through participation in high quality physical education. Despite the understanding of the importance of high quality physical education, there is an over emphasis on the short term outcomes of physical education (PE) sessions which have been noted to overemphasise immediate physical activity rather than focus on educational outcomes important to physical literacy. Anecdotally, the recent Covid 19 Global pandemic and subsequent lockdown has resulted in a digitalisation of PE in schools and a subsequent reliance of PA programmes based on adult fitness classes, which may not necessarily be categorised as PE in its true sense. Twenty-four respondents aged 16–19 were divided into five focus groups. Data were analysed verbatim using NVivo following the guidelines by Braun and Clark (2006) on thematic analysis. The findings indicated that most respondents equated PE with team sports. Findings suggest that Physical Educators need to acknowledge how past and present experience of PE impacts young people’s future motivation to continue PA beyond school. Delivery of traditional PE lessons, prioritising sporting ability, can act as a participation barrier to pupils who consider themselves “non-sporty”. Accordingly, a shift towards inclusive pedagogical models with an emphasis on a holistic approach, may best promote the physical literacy necessary for the competence and confidence to continue movement in a lifelong capacity.
The retinal circuitry for magnetoreception in migratory birds
Authors: Seth Pranav K. , Balaji Vaishnavi , Dedek Karin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Night-migratory birds use the Earth’s magnetic field to determine the direction in which they want to migrate. Many studies suggest that this “magnetic compass sense” is light dependent and mediated by blue light sensors, called cryptochromes, which are expressed in the retina of night-migratory birds. In this review, we summarize the evidence that the avian retina processes not only visual information but also magnetic compass information. We also review the current knowledge on cryptochrome expression in the bird retina and highlight open questions which we aim to address within the framework of SFB 1372 Magnetoreception and Navigation in Vertebrates.
A chemoinformatic analysis of atoms, scaffolds and functional groups in natural products
Authors: Hanna Joelle Ngo , Bekono Boris D. , Owono Luc C. O. , Toze Flavien A. A. , Mbah James A. , Günther Stefan , Ntie-Kang Fidele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the quest to know why natural products (NPs) have often been considered as privileged scaffolds for drug discovery purposes, many investigations into the differences between NPs and synthetic compounds have been carried out. Several attempts to answer this question have led to the investigation of the atomic composition, scaffolds and functional groups (FGs) of NPs, in comparison with synthetic drugs analysis. This chapter briefly describes an atomic enumeration method for chemical libraries that has been applied for the analysis of NP libraries, followed by a description of the main differences between NPs of marine and terrestrial origin in terms of their general physicochemical properties, most common scaffolds and “drug-likeness” properties. The last parts of the work describe an analysis of scaffolds and FGs common in NP libraries, focusing on huge NP databases, e.g. those in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP), NPs from cyanobacteria and the largest chemical class of NP – terpenoids.
Phthalocyanine blue pigments
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCopper phthalocyanine is the dominant blue organic pigment by far, used extensively in printing ink, paint, plastics, and a range of other applications. A historical perspective of the development of phthalocyanine pigments, from their original serendipitous discovery, through the characterization of their molecular structures, to their development as pigments, is discussed in this chapter and in the separate chapter entitled Phthalocyanines: General Principles. Copper phthalocyanine exhibits polymorphism. Theα- andβ-forms are the most important crystal phases used as pigments, while theε-form has only minor significance. Although structurally complex, the synthesis of copper phthalocyanine is relatively straightforward, involving readily available commodity starting materials to provide the products in high yield. After-treatments are required not only to convert the crude pigment into an appropriate pigmentary physical form, but also to provide stability towards crystal phase change and flocculation in application.
Analytical solution for unsteady adiabatic and isothermal flows behind the shock wave in a rotational axisymmetric mixture of perfect gas and small solid particles
Authors: Nath G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The approximate analytical solutions are obtained for adiabatic and isothermal flows behind a cylindrical shock wave in a dusty gas. A mixture of perfect gas and micro size small inert solid particles is taken as the dusty gas. The inert solid particles are distributed continuously in the mixture. It is considered that the equilibrium flow conditions are maintained. The flow variables are expanded in power series to obtain the solution of the problem. The analytical solutions are obtained for the first order approximation in both the adiabatic and isothermal cases. Also, the system of ordinary differential equations for second order approximations to the solution is obtained. The influence of an increase in the ratio of the density of the inert solid particles to the initial density of the perfect gas, the rotational parameter and the mass concentration of inert solid particles in the mixture are discussed on the flow variables for first approximation. Our first approximation to the solution corresponds to the Taylor’s solution for the creation of a blast wave by a strong explosion. A comparison is also made between the solutions for isothermal and adiabatic flows. It is investigated that the density and pressure near the line of symmetry in the case of isothermal flow become zero and hence a vacuum is formed at the axis of symmetry when the flow is isothermal. Also, it is found that an increase in the value of rotational parameter or the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture has a decaying effect on shock wave. The present work may be used to verify the correctness of the solution obtained by self-similarity and numerical methods.
The effect of non-bridging oxygen on the electrical transport of some lead borate glasses containing cobalt
Authors: Ahmed Fatma B. M. , Badawi Ali , Abdel-Wahab Fouad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effect of reducing oxygen in glass network on the electrical conductivity of system 50 B2O3 − 20 Pb3O4 − 10 Co3O4 − (20 − x)CaO − xCaCl2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 20 mol%) has thoroughly been investigated. This reduction was created by substituting oxygen ions with chloride ions. The measurements were conducted in the temperature range 320–560 K for fixed frequencies 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 kHz. It was found that at low temperatures, the dc conductivity (σ
dc) is lower than the measured ac conductivity σ(ω), whereas σ(ω) and σ
dc became equal at high temperature for all frequencies. The ac, dc conductivity as well as dc activation energies decrease with the gradual increase of CaCl2 content. The ac conductivity and the frequency exponent data showed that the correlated barrier hopping of electrons between both of oxidation states of cobalt ions (Co2+ and Co3+) is the most probable mechanism. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the present glass system can be fitted to the Cole–Cole equation for all frequencies and temperatures.
Neonatal Mastitis and Concurrent Serious Bacterial Infection
Authors: Kaplan Ron L. , Cruz Andrea T. , Michelson Kenneth A. , McAneney Constance , Blackstone Mercedes M. , Pruitt Christopher M. , Shah Nipam , Noorbakhsh Kathleen A. , Abramo Thomas J. , Marble Richard D. , Middelberg Leah , Smith Kathleen , Kannikeswaran Nirupama , Schnadower David , Srivastava Geetanjali , Thompson Amy D. , Lane Roni D. , Freeman Julia F. , Bergmann Kelly R. , Morientes Oihane , Gerard James , Badaki-Makun Oluwakemi , Avva Usha , Chaudhari Pradip P. , Freedman Stephen B. , Samuels-Kalow Margaret , Haines Elizabeth , Strutt Jonathan , Khanna Kajal , Vance Cheryl , Bajaj Lalit 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES
Describe the clinical presentation, prevalence, and outcomes of concurrent serious bacterial infection (SBI) among infants with mastitis.

METHODS
Within the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee, 28 sites reviewed records of infants aged ≤90 days with mastitis who were seen in the emergency department between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were summarized.

RESULTS
Among 657 infants (median age 21 days), 641 (98%) were well appearing, 138 (21%) had history of fever at home or in the emergency department, and 63 (10%) had reported fussiness or poor feeding. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were collected in 581 (88%), 274 (42%), and 216 (33%) infants, respectively. Pathogens grew in 0.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–1.2) of blood, 1.1% (95% CI 0.2–3.2) of urine, and 0.4% (95% CI 0.01–2.5) of cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Cultures from the site of infection were obtained in 335 (51%) infants, with 77% (95% CI 72–81) growing a pathogen, most commonly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (54%), followed by methicillin-susceptible S aureus (29%), and unspecified S aureus (8%). A total of 591 (90%) infants were admitted to the hospital, with 22 (3.7%) admitted to an ICU. Overall, 10 (1.5% [95% CI 0.7–2.8]) had sepsis or shock, and 2 (0.3% [95% CI 0.04–1.1]) had severe cellulitis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. None received vasopressors or endotracheal intubation. There were no deaths.

CONCLUSIONS
In this multicenter cohort, mild localized disease was typical of neonatal mastitis. SBI and adverse outcomes were rare. Evaluation for SBI is likely unnecessary in most afebrile, well-appearing infants with mastitis.
On the frequency distribution of earthquake magnitude and intensity
Authors: Makjanić Berislav 
Published: June 2021

abstractSince the usual Gutenberg and Richter distribution of magnitudes does not give good fit to the observed data except in the middle of the range, it is proposed to find a new distribution of magnitudes starting from the two principles: (a) distribution of all magnitudes (initial distribution) has to be limited; and (b) distribution of the largest values (extremal distribution) has to be asymptotic extremal distribution for the given initial distribution. Since it is well established that the largest values of intensity and magnitude follow the so-called third asymptote, which is conveniently written in Jenkinson's form, the initial distribution which belongs to this extremal distribution is determined. A procedure for determining the parameters of the initial distribution is proposed. For the time being, better results are obtained from macroseismic intensities, since often the magnitudes are being determined from these intensities by means of the linear regression. As an example, the frequency distribution of the 100-yr series of intensity of Zagreb earthquakes is analyzed. It seems that this initial distribution, which turns out to be the generalized exponential distribution, gives good fit to the data.