bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term benzodiazepines and z‐drug prescribing in Australian general practice between 2011 and 2018: A national study
Authors: Woods Amelia , Begum Mumtaz , Gonzalez‐Chica David , Bernardo Carla , Hoon Elizabeth , Stocks Nigel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite reducing benzodiazepine prescribing, benzodiazepine‐involving deaths have substantially increased in Australia. This study aimed to explore patterns in long‐term prescribing of medications (benzodiazepine and z‐drugs [BZD]) used for sleep‐issues/insomnia in Australia to better understand these changes. Open cohort study using de‐identified electronic health records of 1 414 593 adult patients regularly attending 404 Australian general practices from 2011 to 2018 (MedicineInsight). We used logistic regression adjusted for patient and practice characteristics to; (1) estimate long‐term BZD prescribing prevalence (≥3 prescriptions in 6 months) and the associated sociodemographic factors, and (2) Poisson regression to compute annual changes in prescribing rates. Long‐term BZD prescribing changed from 4.4% in 2011 to 5.8% in 2015, remaining relatively stable until 2018 (annual increase +2.5% [95% CI +2.0%;+3.0%]). Long‐term BZD prescribing in any year was up to six times more likely in elderly rather than in younger patients and 30%–43% more prevalent in females, or patients living in or attending a practice located in more disadvantaged areas. The increase was more pronounced among males, adults aged 35–49 years, and individuals living in advantaged areas. The median duration among incident cases decreased from 1183 to 322 days between 2011 and 2017, and was up to 197 days longer among elderly females than males. Despite a slight increase and recent stability in long‐term BZD prescribing, the higher rates and durations among elderly patients, women, or those living in more disadvantaged areas are concerning and highlights the need for interventions that reduce the potential harms of long‐term BZD use in vulnerable groups.
Outliers’ detection with a sensitive exponentially weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Raji Ishaq Adeyanju , Riaz Muhammad , Abujiya Mu'azu Ramat , Abbas Nasir , Lee Muhammad Hisyam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of parameter estimation emanating from the retrospective stage on the monitoring stage of control charts cannot be overemphasized. These effects are born of but are not limited to the practitioner‐to‐practitioner variations in the amount and type of samples employed to estimate the process parameters. Another major factor to this effect is outlying errors in phase‐I data. This study evaluates the performance of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, based on outlying values and practitioner‐to‐practitioner's variation in the phase‐I preliminary samples. Furthermore, the study proposes a sensitive EWMA control chart with Tukey's and median absolute deviation (MAD) outlier detectors. We study the proposed EWMA chart's estimation effect based on the outlier detector models compared to the default EWMA chart through the Monte‐Carlo simulation approach. By studying the run length properties of the proposed schemes, the study's findings prove that the outlier detectors‐based models are more stable in the presence of outliers and require less observation in the retrospective stage. The study concludes by implementing the results on a real‐life dataset extracted from the semiconductor manufacturing industry.
Long‐term responses of benthic invertebrates to rotenone treatment
Authors: Kjærstad Gaute , Arnekleiv Jo Vegar , Velle Gaute , Finstad Anders Gravbrøt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiological invasions are regarded as one of the largest threats to native biodiversity. The eradication of alien invasive fish or parasites by culling of hosts is a controversial conservation strategy, particularly when using indiscriminate methods involving whole ecosystem collateral damage. While short‐term effects are abundantly documented, long‐term surveys needed to detect potential wider ecosystem effects are scarce. Here, we report a five‐year study on effects of the piscicide rotenone on invertebrate communities from a Norwegian watercourse using a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact design. Kick‐net samples of benthic invertebrates were collected from three lentic sampling stations and two lotic stations two to four times per year in both a treated and nearby control catchment. In general, only relatively minor short‐term effects, measured as temporal beta‐diversity of benthic invertebrates, were observed in lentic and lotic locations following rotenone treatment. However, the lotic fauna was severely negatively affected following a period of long‐term rotenone exposure from a late autumn treated upstream lake where rotenone degradation was slow, likely due to low temperatures. Species turnover co‐varied markedly between control and treatment locations, indicating that natural environmental variation override effects of rotenone treatment. Likewise, the abundance of invertebrate taxa varied considerably both over time and between control and treatment locations. Our study indicates minor short‐term (i.e., <1 month) or long‐term (i.e., 4 years) effects of rotenone treatment on benthic invertebrates, but severe effects on the lotic fauna 8 months after treatment following long‐term low‐dose exposure. This suggests that exposure time is of high importance. The findings from the current study therefore highlight both the importance of long‐term monitoring including control sites for the study of rotenone treatment effects on benthic invertebrates as well as the importance of minimizing exposure time.
Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4 Production by Inhibiting C2H5OH Desorption from Cu2O/C Composite
Authors: Gao Yugang , Yu Shiqiang , Zhou Peng , Ren Xixi , Wang Zeyan , Zheng Zhaoke , Wang Peng , Cheng Hefeng , Liu Yuanyuan , Wei Wei , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has great potential in realizing carbon recycling while storing sustainable electricity as hydrocarbon fuels. However, it is still a challenge to enhance the selectivity of the CO2RR to single multi‐carbon (C2+) product, such as C2H4. Here, an effective method is proposed to improve C2H4 selectivity by inhibiting the production of the other competitive C2 products, namely C2H5OH, from Cu2O/C composite. Density functional theory indicates that the heterogeneous structure between Cu2O and carbon is expected to inhibit C2H5OH production and promote CC coupling, which facilitates C2H4 production. To prove this, a composite electrode containing octahedral Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) (o‐Cu2O) with {111} facets and carbon NPs is constructed, which experimentally inhibits C2H5OH production while strongly enhancing C2H4 selectivity compared with o‐Cu2O electrode. Furthermore, the surface hydroxylation of carbon can further improve the C2H4 production of o‐Cu2O/C electrode, exhibiting a high C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 67% and a high C2H4 current density of 45 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V in a near‐neutral electrolyte. This work provides a new idea to improve C2+ selectivity by controlling products desorption.
Synergetic Chemistry and Interface Engineering of Hydrogel Electrolyte to Strengthen Durability of Solid‐State Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Tang Kun , Fu Jimin , Wu Mingzai , Hua Tao , Liu Jun , Song Li , Hu Haibo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor the challenging pursuit of high energy efficiency and mechanical tolerance in flexible solid‐state Zn‐air batteries (FSZABs), a hydrogel electrolyte (HE) consisting of dual‐network crosslinked polyacrylic acid‐Fe3+‐chitosan (PAA‐Fe3+‐CS) polymer host infiltrated with a mixed aqueous electrolyte of NH4Cl and ZnCl2 is developed. The absorbed near‐neutral electrolyte renders the HE high ionic conductivity but low corrosiveness to both electrocatalysts and Zn metal anode (ZMA), ensuring more stable Zn‐OH‐O2 chemistry compared to that in strong alkaline electrolyte and thus endowing the assembled FSZABs with a landmark cycle life up to 120 h (5 mA cm−2). More intriguingly, the CS molecular beams introduced into the PAA hydrogel backbone will precipitate and fold subjecting to the Hofmeister effect when saturated with the near‐neutral electrolyte, which can effectively enhance the interfacial adhesion strength of the HE on both air cathode and ZMA, achieving reliable and robust bonding between them. Thus, the FSZABs simultaneously exhibited a superior tolerance to repeated mechanical deformation during operation, allowing more than 360 continuous bending‐recovery cycles without any decline in voltage efficiency. The ingenious chemistry and interface synergetic engineering on the crucial HEs provides a rational methodology to realize boosted electrochemical and mechanical durability of FSZABs forward for future practical implementation.
Circular economy of food waste: A literature review
Authors: Ouro‐Salim Omar , Guarnieri Patrícia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current linear economy, inherited from the 19th‐century industrial revolution, has reached its limit due to the depletion of natural resources. In this context, the notion of circular economy (CE) emerged, which is regenerative and restorative. It deals with the transformation of waste or garbage into other value‐added resources. This paper aims to discuss the issue of food waste from the perspective of the CE. It was evident that there is a more significant accumulation of papers published in developed countries than in developing countries on the CE of food waste. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) raises research gaps and suggestions for future work and offers actionable inferences for practice. We found that researchers focused their studies more on the economic and environmental impacts of the CE than on the social implications in food supply chains. This paper can contribute to academics and practitioners interested in this area of study because it identifies research gaps and avenues for future studies.
Effects of vitamin D3 injection in close‐up period on insulin resistance and energy balance in transition dairy cows
Authors: Hassanabadi Morteza , Mohri Mehrdad , Seifi Hesam. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany studies in dairy cows are towards calcium homeostasis and there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of vitamin D in preventing insulin resistance and improving energy balance in the transition period of dairy cows.MethodsThe trial was conducted in a commercial dairy farm with about 1500 lactating cows in Tehran province, Iran. Twenty‐four Holstein cows had been randomly selected and divided into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, 12 cows, received a single dose of 8,000,000 IU vitamin D3 intramuscularly and in the control group, 12 cows were injected placebo (distilled water) 2–8 days before the expected calving time. Blood samples were collected between 8 and 10 AM 2 h after feeding on 21 and 7 days before calving and 1,3,7,15 and 30 days after calving. 25(OH)vitamin D, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), insulin, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), albumin, total protein, glucose, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were measured by commercially available kits. The insulin resistance index was calculated.ResultsVitamin D3 injection significantly affected the amounts of 25(OH) vitamin D, urea, insulin and insulin resistance index (p ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, the amounts of glucose, NEFA, BHBA concentration and AST activity were higher in control group (p ≤ 0.05). Time had a significant effect on the amounts of most measured variables except IGF‐1 and insulin. There were no group and time interactions for measured variables.ConclusionIt seems that injection of vitamin D3 in close up period influenced lipolysis potentially modifying energy metabolism and resulted in reducing insulin resistance.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Aspiration-Based Techniques to Treat Different Types of Acute Thromboembolic Occlusions in the Femoropopliteal Vascular System Using an In Vitro Flow Model
Authors: Aludin Schekeb , Schäfer Philipp Jost , Borzikowsky Christoph , Jansen Olav , Pfarr Julian , Berndt Rouven , Rusch René , Trentmann Jens 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In this in vitro study, the effectiveness and safety of four aspiration-based techniques for thrombectomy are evaluated for three types of thrombi in a flow model simulating the femoropopliteal segment.

Material and Methods
Red, white, and mixed thrombi were produced in a standardized manner and used to simulate occlusion of a superficial femoral artery using a pulsatile flow model. Four techniques were compared: aspiration alone, aspiration + stent retriever, exposing thrombus to laser by an excimer laser system and a laser catheter + aspiration, and aspiration + mechanical fragmentation by a separator. Rate of first-pass recanalization, embolic events, and number of embolized fragments > 1 mm were compared.

Results
Aspiration alone, stent retriever, laser, and separator differed in rates of first-pass recanalization (53.3%; 86.6%; 20%; and 100%) and embolic events (40%; 93.3%; 73.3%; and 60%). Number of embolized fragments was lowest with aspiration and higher with separator, laser, and stent retriever. Rates of first-pass-recanalization (75%; 75%; and 45%) and embolic events (65%; 60%; and 75%) differed for red, white, and mixed thrombi. The mixed thrombus caused the highest number of embolized fragments, which was particularly high using the stent retriever.

Conclusion
Additional use of mechanical techniques significantly enhances the effectiveness of thrombectomy but simultaneously provokes more embolism. Laser seems to negatively alter the structure of a thrombus and thus diminishes the effectiveness, while provoking embolism. All techniques had lowest effectiveness, but highest embolism with the mixed thrombus. This was particularly striking when a stent retriever was used with the mixed thrombus.
Die Verfassungsmäßigkeit der sog. 10-H-Regelung in Art. 82 BayBO: Eine Neubewertung nach dem Klima-Beschluss des BVerfG
Authors: Faßbender Kurt 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenstand des nachfolgenden Beitrags ist die Frage der Verfassungsmäßigkeit der sog. 10-H-Regelung
in Art. 82 der Bayerischen Bauordnung (BayBO). Dabei weist das Gutachten nach, dass diese – bislang
in der Rechtsprechung nur vom Bayerischen Verfassungsgerichtshof aus der Perspektive der Verfassung des
Freistaates Bayern näher geprüfte – Frage nach dem sog. Klima-Beschluss des BVerfG vom
24.3.2021 neu bewertet werden muss.
Agent-based modeling and life cycle dynamics of COVID-19-related online collective actions
Authors: Zhang Gang , Li Hao , He Rong , Lu Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly threatened global public health and produced social problems, which includes relative online collective actions. Based on the life cycle law, focusing on the life cycle process of COVID-19 online collective actions, we carried out both macro-level analysis (big data mining) and micro-level behaviors (Agent-Based Modeling) on pandemic-related online collective actions. We collected 138 related online events with macro-level big data characteristics, and used Agent-Based Modeling to capture micro-level individual behaviors of netizens. We set two kinds of movable agents, Hots (events) and Netizens (individuals), which behave smartly and autonomously. Based on multiple simulations and parametric traversal, we obtained the optimal parameter solution. Under the optimal solutions, we repeated simulations by ten times, and took the mean values as robust outcomes. Simulation outcomes well match the real big data of life cycle trends, and validity and robustness can be achieved. According to multiple criteria (spans, peaks, ratios, and distributions), the fitness between simulations and real big data has been substantially supported. Therefore, our Agent-Based Modeling well grasps the micro-level mechanisms of real-world individuals (netizens), based on which we can predict individual behaviors of netizens and big data trends of specific online events. Based on our model, it is feasible to model, calculate, and even predict evolutionary dynamics and life cycles trends of online collective actions. It facilitates public administrations and social governance.
John Lewis and the Durability of Transcendent Race Politics
Authors: Gillespie Andra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJohn Lewis's civil rights activism in the 1960s often obscures the fact that he won elective office as a racially moderate politician. Scholars have long noted the efficacy of using deracialized, or racially transcendent, campaign strategies to get elected, despite normative concerns. These strategies were critical to electing Black governors, senators, and even President Obama. However, in the age of Black Lives Matter, some have questioned the continued usefulness of the strategy. Using Rep. Lewis's life as a guide, I examine the ways that some Black politicians continue to use deracialization, even in this racially charged social and political moment, and I explain how younger cohorts of Black politicians challenge this approach. Ultimately, I argue that while deracialization is a contested strategy, its efficacy has not diminished. Rather, Black politicians have expanded the boundaries of what constitutes racially transcendent politics to include consensus issues like voting rights, which while highly racialized, are not likely to induce an erosion of support among non-Black Democratic voters.
Validated predictive equations based on tibial length in estimating height for children with cerebral palsy for 2–18 years, across all GMFCS levels
Authors: Mokhy Mahnon Suria , Jamaluddin Rosita , Ismail Abd Rasyid , Sulaiman Norhasmah , Adznam Siti Nur ‘Asyura , Ismail Intan Hakimah , Osman Malina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) typically suffer from congenital deformities, such as scoliosis and contractures, therefore, it is a challenge to measure the stature of CP children. Studies have suggested that predictive equations based on tibia length (TL) may be used as an alternative method in measuring the actual height or stature. The present study aimed to develop and validate predictive equations based on TL for CP children in Malaysia across all five levels of gross motor functions (GMFCS I to V) through a cross-sectional study. All subjects were recruited from Hospitals and Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) in the central and southern regions of Malaysia. Two predictive equation models were developed using multiple linear regression. For Model 1, the predictive equation was developed based on TL. On the other hand, Model 2 was developed based on TL with age was included. A flexible Seca measuring tape was used to measure the stature and TL. CP children aged 2–18 years were classified into the equation development group (EDG), n 177 and the validation group (VG), n 139. Model 1, Height = 32⋅3 + 3⋅14 (TL), demonstrated a strong correlation with the actual height (R2 0⋅834), small SEE (1⋅42), and high intra correlation coefficient (0⋅929). The findings suggested that Model 1 was more accurate in estimating the height of CP children aged 2–18 years. This model was shown to suit the Malaysian population and applicable across all GMFCS levels.
Simulating infrared spectro-photometric surveys with a Spritz
Authors: Bisigello L. , Gruppioni C. , Calura F. , Feltre A. , Pozzi F. , Vignali C. , Barchiesi L. , Rodighiero G. , Negrello M. , Carrera F. J. , Dasyra K. M. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Giard M. , Hatziminaoglou E. , Kaneda H. , Lusso E. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Pérez González P. G. , Ricci C. , Schaerer D. , Spinoglio L. , Wang L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMid- and far-infrared (IR) photometric and spectroscopic observations are fundamental to a full understanding of the dust-obscured Universe and the evolution of both star formation and black hole accretion in galaxies. In this work, using the specifications of the SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) as a baseline, we investigate the capability to study the dust-obscured Universe of mid- and far-IR photometry at 34 and$70\, {\rm{\mu }}\mathrm{m}$and low-resolution spectroscopy at$17{-}36\, {\rm{\mu }}\mathrm{m}$using the state-of-the-art Spectro-Photometric Realisations of Infrared-selected Targets at all-z(Spritz) simulation. This investigation is also compared to the expected performance of the Origins Space Telescope and the Galaxy Evolution Probe. The photometric view of the Universe of a SPICA-like mission could cover not only bright objects (e.g.$L_{IR}>10^{12}\,{\rm L}_{\odot}$) up to${z}=10$, but also normal galaxies ($L_{IR}<10^{11}\,{\rm L}_{\odot}$) up to$\textit{z}\sim4$. At the same time, the spectroscopic observations of such mission could also allow us to estimate the redshifts and study the physical properties for thousands of star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei by observing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a large set of IR nebular emission lines. In this way, a cold, 2.5-m size space telescope with spectro-photometric capability analogous to SPICA, could provide us with a complete three-dimensional (i.e. images and integrated spectra) view of the dust-obscured Universe and the physics governing galaxy evolution up to$\textit{z}\sim4$.
Chronic aerobic exercise prevents high-fructose diet-induced impairment in blood pressure in healthy young adults: a double-blind, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Vieira Alexandra Ferreira , Moritz Cesar Eduardo Jacintho , Ramis Thiago Rozales , Boeno Francesco Pinto , dos Santos Gabriela Cristina , Lisboa Salime Chedid , Teodoro Juliana Lopes , Costa Rochelle Rocha , Macedo Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira , Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to verify the effect of 4 weeks of a high-fructose diet (HFD) associated with aerobic training on the risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Twenty-one young adults were randomised into three groups: HFD (HFD: 1 g/kg body weight of fructose/day), high-glucose diet (HGD: 1 g/kg body weight of glucose/day) and high-fructose diet and exercise (HFDE: 1 g/kg body weight of fructose/day + 3 weekly 60-minute sessions of aerobic exercise). Before and after the 4 weeks of the intervention, blood samples were taken and flow-mediated dilatation, insulin resistance index, pancreatic beta cell functional capacity index, insulin sensitivity index and 24-h blood pressure were evaluated. HFD showed an increase in uric acid concentrations (P = 0·040), and HGD and HFDE groups showed no changes in this outcome between pre- and post-intervention; however, the HFDE group showed increased uric acid concentrations from the middle to the end of the intervention (P = 0·013). In addition, the HFD group showed increases in nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0·022) and nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0·009). The HGD group exhibited decreases in nocturnal SBP (P = 0·028) and nocturnal DBP (P = 0·031), and the HFDE group showed a decrease in 24-h SBP (P = 0·018). The consumption of 1 g/kg of fructose per day may increase uric acid concentrations and blood pressure in adults. Additionally, aerobic exercises along with fructose consumption attenuate changes in uric acid concentrations and prevent impairment in nocturnal blood pressure.