bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axial Crush Response of Aluminium Square Tube with Origami Patterns
Authors: Ghani Amir Radzi Ab , Zulfikry M Amirul Syafiq , Ramly Ramzyzan , Othman Mohd Zaid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thin-walled square tubes are widely used as impact energy absorber in automotive structures due to their ease of fabrication and installation, high energy absorption capacity in terms of progressive plastic deformation and long stroke. However, the main drawback of square tube is its high initial peak force during the initial stage of crushing. An origami pattern on the faces of the tube is proposed to reduce the high initial peak force and increase the energy absorption of the tube. Static and dynamic axial crushing were performed using finite element analysis to determine the initial peak force (IPF), crush force efficiency (CFE) and plastic specific energy absorption (SEA) of tubes with origami pattern. The results of simulations were validated by experimental data. Then, various combinations of origami patterns were studied using finite element simulation only. It was found that the origami pattern significantly enhanced the tubes crush performance. Comparison between plain square tube and tubes with various origami patterns was carried out and it was found that the origami patterns reduced the initial peak force and increased the crush force efficiency for both static and dynamic loading conditions.
The Development of a Web-based Credit Transfer Application (CTA) for Higher Academic Institution: From Feasibility Study to Testing Phase
Authors: Azizan N , Isa R , Farzana F , Aziz A , Amiruddin M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Credit transfer is the process of transferring course credits of the subject to another programme or another institution to support and promote students’ flexibility in their study by reducing number of courses or subjects required to complete their studies. Currently, the enrolment of new degree students in Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA Kuala Lumpur (KUPTMKL) is using the manual application forms to apply the subject credit transfer. Understandably, the manual process is tedious and students are pruned to make mistake. The objective of this paper is to develop a web-based Credit Transfer Application system (CTA) for Faculty of Computing and Multimedia (FCOM) of KUPTMKL that can be used for the FCOM degree programme Coordinator and student in managing the application of credit transfer with several security applications and mechanisms such as random password, restriction of unsupported file format and database security. The CTA is developed using Agile methodology and Visual Studio Code is used to build the CTA as the code editor to write the programming languages such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP) and XAMMP to manage the MySQL databases. In the development of the CTA system, the feasibility study is performed and three methods are used namely, observation, conducting interviews and delivering questionnaires. Based on 100 respondents of FCOM degree students and 5 Coordinators, the result shows more than 95 percent of evidence indicates that the new system developed is able to store, display and manage all information successfully and performed efficiently compared to manual method. CTA can be easily accessed by students and management via the Web.
Stress Analysis on Cracking Plate Structure For Reducing Stress Concentration
Authors: Huda F , Safrudin R A , Utomo S , Rusli M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The structures which are subjected to load experience stress. If there is no discontinuity (defect), the stress is distributed in a particular pattern based on the type of stress. The crack is one defect that is frequently found in the plate structure, which causes stress concentration factor. In this paper, the treatments to reduce concentration factors are applied to plate structures under cracked conditions to investigate the treatment effect to reduce the stress concentration. For that purpose, the low-cost strain indicator using strain gauge integrated with Arduino Uno and computer is constructed to measure the stress distribution on cantilever aluminum plate in the normal conditions, crack, and crack with treatment. The treatments to reduce the stress concentration factor are applied in the form of the stop drill hole and additional hole. The result shows that the given treatment could reduce the stress concentration factor by around 11%. Even though the reduction of the factor was not significant, the treatment could be a fast and straightforward solution in decreasing the stress on the cracking plate structure.
Effect of Forging Temperature on Biodegradable Mg-0.7%Ca Alloy Properties for Implant Application
Authors: Nanda Is Prima , Ali Zahran , Anuar Nur Farah Bazilah Wakhi , Idris Mohd Hasbullah , Arafat Andril 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The potential of binary Mg-Ca alloy as biodegradable material is considerable interest in implant application among researchers. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of different forging temperature and forging speed on the hardness, microstructure and corrosion rate of Mg-0.7%Ca. The experiment was established by preparing the alloy sample with 0.7%wt calcium content. The forging process was carried out under four different temperature variations of 140°C, 180°C, 220°C, and 260°C (±10°C) with two different speed;25 and 45 strokes per minute (spm). The samples microstructure was examined by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The mechanical properties of the forged samples were measured in its hardness and plastic deformation ability along with samples cold-working percentage. The corrosion rate was determined by performing the electrochemical test in simulated body fluid. This research found that increases of forging temperature and forging speed provide a higher rate of recrystallization and Mg2Ca compound precipitation results in greater hardness, increase deformation and reduce the cold-working percentage. However, the investigated factors still led to a high corrosion rate compared to a previous study and consequently, reduce the feasibility of the alloy in implant application for biodegradable material.
Filter Component Impact on EGS002-based Inverter Circuit Performances
Authors: Hardisal  , Candra R A , Ilham D N , Saragi D P , Harahap R , Suherman S , Yahya Z. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper examines filter component impact on inverter output. The inverter prototype was designed by using pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generated by EGS002 module, combined with DC voltage source, voltage regulator, MOSFET bridge and low pass filter. As component assembled, the output voltage quality is determined by the choice of filter components. Experiment shows that the calculated values may not suitable as soldering and connection imperfection may change component values. As adjustments were performed, filter components of 12.63 H and 6.5uf generated the finest sinusoidal output of 30.8 Vpp with frequency of 50,05 Hz.
Pattern Recognition of Facial Electromyography (FEMG) Signal for Aceh Language Speech using Naïve Bayes and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)
Authors: Putra Darma Setiawan , Weru Yuril Umbu Woza , Fardiansyah  , Fitriady  , Fakhruddin  , Yahya Z. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Facial electromyography is myoelectric signals that formed by human facial muscles. This signal can be acquired by attaching an electrode to the facial muscle that has been connected with an electromyography sensor. When human say certain words, the articulation muscles contract and facial electromyography signals appear in the muscles. This study aims to recognize patterns in facial electromyography signals by classifying signals using naïve bayes and learning vector quantization classifier. Feature extraction used one-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms. Wavelet transform type used wavelet daubechies2 level 5. The transformation produces a level 5 approximation coefficient called a5 and five detail coefficients called d1, d2, d3, d4, and d5. The result of this study show that the average classification accuracy for ho neuk jak sentence using naïve bayes and LVQ classifier was 62.5% and 92.5% respectively. The average classification accuracy for ja’ word using naïve bayes and LVQ classifier was 70% and 92.5% respectively. The average classification accuracy for ja’ wo sentence using naïve bayes and LVQ classifier was 52.5% and 90% respectively. The average classification accuracy for pane word using naïve bayes and LVQ was 70% and 90% respectively. The average classification accuracy for soe word using naïve bayes and LVQ classifier is 85% and 95% respectively. Thus, this study shows that when humans say the words, facial electromyography signals that appear on facial muscles difference for each subject.
Candlenut Shell Charcoal Yield in Every Chamber Produced by Candlenut Shell Carbonization Tool Using a Vertical Multi Chamber
Authors: Amri Asbahrul , Lovita Oktalia Triananda , Saputra Devi Satria , Ihsan  , Fitriani  , Arifan Mahdi , Saputra Miki , Yahya Z. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Candlenut shell contained organic compound, such as hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin which can be converted to solid, liquid, and gaseous products by thermochemical methods. One of the products is charcoal. One of the tool that can carbonize the candlenut shell is candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chamber. The tool can carbonize candlenut shell without having any additional energy. Some variables from the tool has been identify from the previous research, such as its maximum capacity and process time, while its charcoal yield remains unknown. Therefore, this research is aimed to determine the charcoal yield that can be produced by candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chamber. Three carbonization experiments were performed with 8 kg candlenut shell filled in every carbonization chamber (CC). The carbonization process temperature was measured for each chamber by using a thermocouple in order to know the effect of temperature toward charcoal yield. As the result, the average candlenut charcoal yield that can be produced by candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chamber is 24.99 %. Every chamber was experiencing deferent capability in producing charcoal. CC3 is the highest charcoal yield chamber with 31.38 % and then followed by CC2 with 25.04 % and CC1 with 18.79 %. Based on temperature that experiencing by every chamber, it indicates that the temperature has a significant impact on charcoal yield. When the temperature high, the charcoal yield is low and also goes the same in contrary. Therefore, candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chamber has capability in producing candlenut shell charcoal at 24.99 % yield.
Distillation Equipment Design of Nutmeg Oil using Hybrid System
Authors: Fitriadi Nuzuli , Balkhaya  , Saputra Edi , Othman S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The quality of nutmeg oil is determined by the quality of the nutmeg and the technology that are used in the purification process of the nutmeg. For instance, the distillation process will affect the yield and the essential quality of the production of the nutmeg oil are involving the boiler material, cooling system, and boiler design. The existing nutmeg oil distillation system is time consuming because the operators are highly depending on the firewood and the operators who must monitor closely throughout the time during the nutmeg oil refining process. The new distillation process and technique is based on the new type of boiler that is made from Stainless steel 304 with a diameter of 70 cm, length 120 cm, and with the thickness of 3 mm. The Boiler also comes with a new control system to precisely control the pressure and temperature. Meanwhile, the excess pressure of the boiler is controlled by pressure safety valve because the boiler is designed to withstand up to 3 bar maximum pressure capacity. The kettle is made of 304 Stainless steel equipped with a multi-storey basket to polish and to enhance the circulation and vapour pressure inside the boiler. The condenser pipes are made from the aluminium pipe to maximise the condensation process of the raw nutmeg oil. For the new distillation process, the hybrid system is utilised, where the sources of firewood and electricity are used as the source of energy to operate the boiler. It can be seen that hybrid kettle design reaches 2.8 tons with a 30% operating-saving cost. On top of that distillation time can be shortened to 48 hours from the previous 72 hours. It is stated that this hybrid boiler system is much more effective when compared to conventional systems. Laboratory test results stated that the distilled nutmeg oil has fulfilled the Indonesian national standard.
Imaging and positioning through scattering media noninvasively by bi-directional exposure
Authors: Wang Xin , Hu Chenyu , Liu Honglin , Gao Jingjing , Han Shensheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Speckle autocorrelation is a popular method for imaging through scattering media. Currently, most proposed methods in literature can only recognize the pattern and the relative movement ratio of a hidden object. Position and size quantification, the other content of imaging, is just as important as object recognition. Here, we propose a non-invasive method to estimate the axial position and size of a hidden object based on speckle autocorrelation imaging. A unique geometry setup for bi-directional exposure is applied to extract the position and size information. The image of the object can be reconstructed from the recorded speckle pattern via phase retrieval techniques. According to the geometry relationship, we calculate the size and axial position of the object, and further, obtain the lateral or axial displacements when the object is shifted in both simulation and experiment. This method opens a door for noninvasive imaging and positioning through scattering media, will impact the fields of biomedical imaging, object tracking, etc.
Spatial differentiation of optical beams using a resonant metal-dielectric-metal structure
Authors: Kashapov Artem I , Doskolovich Leonid L , Bezus Evgeni A , Bykov Dmitry A , Soifer Victor A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development and investigation of novel photonic structures for the differentiation of optical signals, which are considered as promising building blocks for the optoelectronic information processing devices, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this tutorial, we discuss the optical computation of the spatial derivatives of the profile of a 2D optical beam impinging on a resonant diffractive structure. As a diffentiator example, we consider a simple resonant metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure consisting of an upper metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a metal substrate. Using the multiple wave interference model, we prove that the reflection coefficient of the MDM structure may strictly vanish, which enables obtaining high-quality differentiation. The rigorous numerical simulation results demonstrate the possibility of optical computation of the first derivative of the incident beam profile in the case of oblique incidence, and of the second derivative in the case of normal incidence. The presented results may find application in novel analog optical computing and optical information processing systems.
A new method for improving the forming quality in laser additive manufacturing process
Authors: Tang Xiaokang , Luo Kaiyu , Lu Jinzhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The melt pool temperature plays a very important role in the laser additive manufacturing (LAM) process which has been widely used in different industries. In this process, simple laser scan strategies and constant laser power levels are usually used, which will elicit variations in the melt pool temperature and ultimately affect the forming quality such as the cracks and pores. In this paper, a new method for improving the forming quality was presented, which calculates the local thermal distribution dynamically by analyzing the laser scanning path included in a G-code file. A factor called the thermal distribution factor (TDF) was used to adjust the laser power. By inserting the adjusted laser power into a modified G-code file, the melt pool temperature can be controlled indirectly. This method can help to control the melt pool temperature and improve the forming quality at the lowest cost. An experimental set-up was designed to verify this method and the results were analyzed. Results indicated that the cracks and pores of the part were significantly reduced by using the modified G-code file. Besides, the drawbacks and the future potential improvements of this method were discussed.
High-specificity antibodies and detection methods for quantifying phosphorylated tau from clinical samples
Authors: Arbaciauskaite Monika , Lei Yu , Cho Yong Ku 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ability to measure total and phosphorylated tau levels in clinical samples is transforming the detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, recent reports indicate that accurate detection of low levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in plasma provides a reliable biomarker of AD long before sensing memory loss. Therefore, the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases progression using blood samples is becoming a reality. These major advances were achieved by using antibodies specific to p-tau as well as sophisticated high-sensitivity immunoassay platforms. This review focuses on these enabling advances in high-specificity antibody development, engineering, and novel signal detection methods. We will draw insights from structural studies on p-tau antibodies, engineering efforts to improve their binding properties, and efforts to validate their specificity. A comprehensive survey of high-sensitivity p-tau immunoassay platforms along with sensitivity limits will be provided. We conclude that although robust approaches for detecting certain p-tau species have been established, systematic efforts to validate antibodies for assay development is still needed for the recognition of biomarkers for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Preferential Parasitism of Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Regardless of Rearing Host
Authors: Ganjisaffar Fatemeh , Power Nancy , Perring Thomas M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The invasive stink bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a serious pest of cole crops. Studies are underway to assess the potential of an exotic egg parasitoid from Pakistan, Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), as a biological control agent for this pest. In the present study, the ovipositional preference of O. mirus reared for multiple generations on B. hilaris, Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal), or Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) for eggs of these three stink bug species was evaluated. The first host accepted for oviposition, the number of parasitoid eggs (as indicated by pedicels) laid on each host egg at different time intervals, and the number of wasps that emerged from parasitized eggs were recorded. Results show that O. mirus prefers eggs of its primary host, B. hilaris, for oviposition over the alternate hosts tested regardless of whether the parasitoids were reared on the primary or alternate hosts. The percent parasitism in the first 2 h of exposure also was higher on B. hilaris eggs although it was not significantly different from T. pallidovirens eggs for parasitoids reared on B. hilaris and N. viridula eggs. For all parasitoid populations, the mean number of emerged wasps per host egg ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 with no significant differences. Bagrada hilaris eggs were significantly smaller than T. pallidovirens and N. viridula eggs and female wasps that emerged from B. hilaris eggs had significantly shorter body length and head width than those that emerged from T. pallidovirens and N. viridula eggs.
Epigenetic alterations in stem cell ageing—a promising target for age-reversing interventions?
Authors: Pouikli Andromachi , Tessarz Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAgeing is accompanied by loss of tissue integrity and organismal homeostasis partly due to decline in stem cell function. The age-associated decrease in stem cell abundance and activity is often referred to as stem cell exhaustion and is considered one major hallmark of ageing. Importantly, stem cell proliferation and differentiation potential are tightly coupled to the cellular epigenetic state. Thus, research during the last years has started to investigate how the epigenome regulates stem cell function upon ageing. Here, we summarize the role of epigenetic regulation in stem cell fate decisions and we review the impact of age-related changes of the epigenome on stem cell activity. Finally, we discuss how targeted interventions on the epigenetic landscape might delay ageing and extend health-span.
IRIS-FGM: an integrative single-cell RNA-Seq interpretation system for functional gene module analysis
Authors: Chang Yuzhou , Allen Carter , Wan Changlin , Chung Dongjun , Zhang Chi , Li Zihai , Ma Qin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Summary
Single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data is useful in discovering cell heterogeneity and signature genes in specific cell populations in cancer and other complex diseases. Specifically, the investigation of condition-specific functional gene modules (FGM) can help to understand interactive gene networks and complex biological processes in different cell clusters. QUBIC2 is recognized as one of the most efficient and effective biclustering tools for condition-specific FGM identification from scRNA-Seq data. However, its limited availability to a C implementation restricted its application to only a few downstream analysis functionalities. We developed an R package named IRIS-FGM (Integrative scRNA-Seq Interpretation System for Functional Gene Module analysis) to support the investigation of FGMs and cell clustering using scRNA-Seq data. Empowered by QUBIC2, IRIS-FGM can effectively identify condition-specific FGMs, predict cell types/clusters, uncover differentially expressed genes and perform pathway enrichment analysis. It is noteworthy that IRIS-FGM can also take Seurat objects as input, facilitating easy integration with the existing analysis pipeline.

Availability and implementation
IRIS-FGM is implemented in the R environment (as of version 3.6) with the source code freely available at https://github.com/BMEngineeR/IRISFGM.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.