bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen combined with escitalopram in depression and its effect on cognitive function
Authors: Mi Kun , Guo Qiang , Xu Bao-yan , Wang Man , Bi Hao 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with escitalopram in patients with depression and its effect on cognitive function.
Methods: From 2016 to 2018, seventy patients with depression aged 18-65 years treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University were selected. Seventy patients with depression meeting the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group using a random number table, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was treated with escitalopram, while the observation group was additionally treated with HBO on this basis. The patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) before treatment and two, four and six weeks after treatment.
Results: Two weeks after treatment, HAMD score showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in HAMD score between the two groups four and six weeks after treatment (P > 0.05). Four and six weeks after treatment, MoCA score presented statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Escitalopram combined with HBO in the treatment of depression presents rapid efficacy and a certain effect in improving cognitive function.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3993
How to cite this:Mi K, Guo Q, Xu BY, Wang M, Bi H. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen combined with escitalopram in depression and its effect on cognitive function. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1054-1057. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3993
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Antenatal care providers’ attitudes and beliefs towards maternal vaccination in Kenya
Authors: Chander Subhash , Gonzalez-Casanova Ines , Chaves Sandra S. , Otieno Nancy A. , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Verani Jennifer , Frew Paula , Wilson Andrew , Omer Saad B. , Malik Fauzia 
Published: April 2021

Background: Maternal immunization is known to be one of the best strategies to protect both mothers and their infants from infectious diseases. Studies have shown that healthcare providers play a critical role in implementation of maternal immunization. However, little is known about providers’ attitudes and beliefs towards vaccination that can influence their vaccine recommendations, specifically in low to middle income countries (LMIC). Methods: A self-administrated knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) survey was provided to 150 antenatal care providers across four different regions (Nairobi, Mombasa, Marsabit, and Siaya counties) of Kenya. The research staff visited the 150 clinics and hospitals and distributed a quantitative KAB survey. Results: Nearly all of the antenatal care providers (99%) recommended tetanus maternal vaccination. Similarly, 99% of the providers agreed that they would agree to provide additional vaccinations for pregnant women and reported that they always advise their patients to get vaccinated. Between 80 and 90% of the providers reported that religious beliefs, ethnicity, cultural background and political leaders do not affect their attitude or beliefs towards recommending vaccines. Conclusions: Considering the positive responses of healthcare providers towards vaccine acceptance and recommendation, these results highlight an opportunity to work in partnership with these providers to improve coverage of maternal vaccination and to introduce additional vaccines (such as influenza). In order to achieve this, logistical barriers that have affected the coverage of the currently recommended vaccines, should be addressed as part of this partnership.
Scandal, Social Movement, and Change: Evidence from #MeToo in Hollywood
Authors: Luo Hong , Zhang Laurina 
Published: April 2021

Social movements have the potential to effect change in strategic decision making. In this paper, we examine whether the #MeToo movement, spurred by the Harvey Weinstein scandal, leads to changes in the likelihood of Hollywood producers working with female writers on new movie projects. Because #MeToo affected the entire industry, we use variation in whether producers had past collaborations with Weinstein to investigate whether and how #MeToo may spur change. We find that producers previously associated with Weinstein are, on average, about 35% more likely to work with female writers after the scandal than they were before, relative to nonassociated producers, and the size of this effect increases with the intensity of the association. Female producers are the main drivers of our results, perhaps because they are more likely than male producers to resonate with the movement’s cause and face relatively low costs of enacting change. Changes made by other groups, such as production teams with the most intense association with Weinstein and less experienced all-male teams, may be better explained by motivations to mitigate risk. We also find that producers do not sacrifice writer experience by hiring more female writers and that both experienced and novice female writers have benefited from the increased demand. Our study shows that social movements that seek to address gender inequality can, indeed, lead to meaningful change. It also provides perspective for thinking about whether, and to what extent, changes may occur in broader settings. This paper was accepted by Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, organizations.
Evaluation of Statistical Downscaling Methods for Simulating Daily Precipitation Distribution, Frequency, and Temporal Sequence
Authors: Zhang Xunchang , Shen Mingxi , Chen Jie , Homan Joel W. , Busteed Phillip R. 
Published: April 2021

HighlightsNine statistical downscaling methods from three downscaling categories were evaluated.Weather generator-based methods had advantages in simulating non-stationary precipitation.Differences in downscaling performance were smaller within each category than between categories.The performance of each downscaling method varied with climate conditions.Abstract. Spatial discrepancy between global climate model (GCM) projections and the climate data input required by hydrological models is a major limitation for assessing the impact of climate change on soil erosion and crop production at local scales. Statistical downscaling techniques are widely used to correct biases of GCM projections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of nine statistical downscaling methods from three available statistical downscaling categories to simulate daily precipitation distribution, frequency, and temporal sequence at four Oklahoma weather stations representing arid to humid climate regions. The three downscaling categories included perfect prognosis (PP), model output statistics (MOS), and stochastic weather generator (SWG). To minimize the effect of GCM projection error on downscaling quality, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 1 data at a 2.5° grid spacing (treated as observed grid data) were downscaled to the four weather stations (representing arid, semi-arid, sub humid, and humid regions) using the nine downscaling methods. The station observations were divided into calibration and validation periods in a way that maximized the differences in annual precipitation means between the two periods for assessing the ability of each method in downscaling non-stationary climate changes. All methods were ranked with three metrics (Euclidean distance, sum of absolute relative error, and absolute error) for their ability in simulating precipitation amounts at daily, monthly, yearly, and annual maximum scales. After eliminating the poorest two performers in simulating precipitation mean, distribution, frequency, and temporal sequence, the top four remaining methods in ascending order were Distribution-based Bias Correction (DBC), Generator for Point Climate Change (GPCC), SYNthetic weather generaTOR (SYNTOR), and LOCal Intensity scaling (LOCI). DBC and LOCI are bias-correction methods, and GPCC and SYNTOR are generator-based methods. The differences in performances among the downscaling methods were smaller within each downscaling category than between the categories. The performance of each method varied with the climate conditions of each station. Overall results indicated that the SWG methods had certain advantages in simulating daily precipitation distribution, frequency, and temporal sequence for non-stationary climate changes. Keywords: Climate change, Climate downscaling, Downscaling method evaluation, Statistical downscaling.
Inverse AERMOD and SCIPUFF Dispersion Modeling for Farm-Level PM10 Emission Rate Assessment
Authors: Cheng Bin , Shiv Kumar Aditya Padavagod , Wang-Li Lingjuan 
Published: April 2021

HighlightsAERMOD and SCIPUFF were employed to back-calculate farm-level PM10 emission rates based on inverse modeling.Both AERMOD and SCIPUFF did not capture the diurnal and seasonal variations of farm-level PM10 emission rates.AERMOD modeling results were affected by wind speed, with higher wind speed leading to higher emission rates.Higher numbers of receptors and PM10 measurements with greater time resolution may be recommended in the future.Abstract. Air pollutant emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) have become a serious concern for public health and ambient air quality. Particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) is one of the major air pollutants emitted from AFOs. To assess the impacts of PM10 emissions from AFOs, knowledge about farm-level PM10 emission rates is needed but is challenging to obtain through field measurements. The inverse dispersion modeling approach provides an alternative way to estimate farm-level PM10 emission rates. In this study, two dispersion models, AERMOD and SCIPUFF, were employed to back-calculate farm-level PM10 emission rates based on hourly PM10 concentration measurements at four downwind locations in the vicinity of a commercial egg production farm in the southeast U.S. Onsite meteorological data were simultaneously recorded using a 10 m weather tower to facilitate the dispersion modeling. The modeling results were compared with PM10 emission measurements from two layer houses on the farm. Single-area source, double-area source, and double-volume source were used in AERMOD, while only single-point source was used in SCIPUFF. The inverse modeling results indicated that both SCIPUFF and AERMOD did not capture the diurnal and seasonal variations of the farm-level PM10 emission rates. In addition, the AERMOD modeling results were affected by wind speed, and higher emission rates may be predicted at higher wind speeds. The single-point source for SCIPUFF, the plume rise simplification for AERMOD, and insufficient concentration measurement resolution in response to temporal changes in wind direction may have added uncertainties to the modeling results. The results of this study suggest that more receptors covering more representative downwind locations should be considered in future modeling for farm-level emissions assessment. Moreover, ambient data collection with greater time resolution (e.g., less than one hour) is recommended to capture diurnal and seasonal patterns more rigorously. Only in this way can researchers achieve a better understanding of the effectiveness of inverse dispersion modeling for estimation of pollutant emission rates. Keywords: AERMOD, Animal feeding operations, Egg production, Farm-level emission rate, Inverse dispersion modeling, PM10, SCIPUFF.
Keanekaragaman dan Pengelompokan Jenis Ikan di Waduk Mulur Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Faradiana Rahma , Budiharjo Agung , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKWaduk Mulur mempunyai luas 151 hektar. Waduk ini memiliki satu inlet dan dua outlet. Pada kawasan inlet dan outlet mempunyai faktor biotik dan faktor abiotik yang berbeda yang dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman jenis ikan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat keanekaragaman dan pengelompokan jenis ikan yang ada di Waduk Mulur. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-November 2017 dan proses identifikasi ikan di Universitas Sebelas Maret. Pengambilan sampel ikan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan menentukan empat stasiun yang mewakili yakni pada kawasan inlet, tengah waduk dan dua lokasi outlet. Sampling dilakukan pukul 06.00-18.00 WIB dengan membuat plot ukuran sekitar 10x20 meter3. Sampling dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan pada masing- masing stasiun. Alat yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan adalah jaring biasa, jala, serok ikan, anco, dan pancing. Identifikasi ikan dengan buku Kottelat et al (1993). Parameter lingkungan perairan yang diukur mencakup suhu, kecepatan arus, penetrasi cahaya, DO, BOD, dan plankton. Perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman dengan menggunakan indeks keragaman Shannon Wiener. Hubungan antara faktor abiotik dan keanekaragaman jenis ikan dianalisis dengan uji korelasi regresi menggunakan SPSS versi 23.0. Ikan yang berhasil ditangkap dan diidentifikasi selama penelitian berjumlah 512 ekor dikelompokkan kedalam 11 familia, 16 genus dan 24 species. Berdasarkan perhitungan indeks diversitas ikan menunjukkan di kawasan inlet dan tengah mempunyai indeks diversitas lebih tinggi yaitu 1,003 dan 1,026 sedangkan pada stasiun outlet I dan II secara berturut-turut yaitu 0,784 dan 0,895. Faktor abiotik yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman ikan adalah penetrasi cahaya dan kecepatan arus. Habitat yang berbeda menyebabkan perbedaan karakter morfologi pada ikan.Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman, Ikan, Waduk Mulur
Vertical transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A scoping review
Authors: Tolu Lemi Belay , Ezeh Alex , Feyissa Garumma Tolu 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
The evidence for vertical transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not well established. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize emerging evidence on the vertical transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and CENTRAL. Likewise, a search for preprint publications was conducted using MedRxiv and Research Square. Studies that addressed vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (concept) among pregnant women infected by Covid-19 (population) in any setting (community, hospital, or home) in any country or context were considered for inclusion. Any types of studies or reports published between December 2019 and September 2020 addressing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnant women and their newborn babies were included. Studies were screened for eligibility against the inclusion criteria for the review by two reviewers.

Results
We identified 51 studies reporting 336 newborns screened for COVID-19. From the 336 newborns screened for COVID-19, only 15 (4.4%) were positive for throat swab RT-PCR. All neonates with positive throat swab RT-PCR were delivered by cesarean section. Among neonates with throat swab SARS-CoV-2 positive only five (33.3%) had concomitant placenta, amniotic fluid, and cord blood samples tested, of which only one amniotic fluid sample is positive for RT PCR. Five neonates had elevated IgG and IgM but without intrauterine tissue tested. Four neonates had chest imaging suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Conclusion
Currently there is not enough evidence on vertical virologic transmission of COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, there is no evidence to support cesarean delivery, abstaining from breast feeding nor mother and infant separation. Further research involving an adequate sample size of breast milk, placenta, amniotic fluid, and cord blood to ascertain the possibility of vertical transmission and breast milk transfer is needed.
Comparison of Glidescope Core, C-MAC Miller and conventional Miller laryngoscope for difficult airway management by anesthetists with limited and extensive experience in a simulated Pierre Robin sequence: A randomized crossover manikin study
Authors: Moritz Andreas , Holzhauser Luise , Fuchte Tobias , Kremer Sven , Schmidt Joachim , Irouschek Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Background
Video laryngoscopy is an effective tool in the management of difficult pediatric airway. However, evidence to guide the choice of the most appropriate video laryngoscope (VL) for airway management in pediatric patients with Pierre Robin syndrome (PRS) is insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the Glidescope® Core™ with a hyperangulated blade, the C-MAC® with a nonangulated Miller blade (C-MAC® Miller) and a conventional Miller laryngoscope when used by anesthetists with limited and extensive experience in simulated Pierre Robin sequence.

Methods
Forty-three anesthetists with limited experience and forty-three anesthetists with extensive experience participated in our randomized crossover manikin trial. Each performed endotracheal intubation with the Glidescope® Core™ with a hyperangulated blade, the C-MAC® with a Miller blade and the conventional Miller laryngoscope. “Time to intubate” was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were “time to vocal cords”, “time to ventilate”, overall success rate, number of intubation attempts and optimization maneuvers, Cormack-Lehane score, severity of dental trauma and subjective impressions.

Results
Both hyperangulated and nonangulated VLs provided superior intubation conditions. The Glidescope® Core™ enabled the best glottic view, caused the least dental trauma and significantly decreased the “time to vocal cords”. However, the failure rate of intubation was 14% with the Glidescope® Core™, 4.7% with the Miller laryngoscope and only 2.3% with the C-MAC® Miller when used by anesthetists with extensive previous experience. In addition, the “time to intubate”, the “time to ventilate” and the number of optimization maneuvers were significantly increased using the Glidescope® Core™. In the hands of anesthetists with limited previous experience, the failure rate was 11.6% with the Glidescope® Core™ and 7% with the Miller laryngoscope. Using the C-MAC® Miller, the overall success rate increased to 100%. No differences in the “time to intubate” or “time to ventilate” were observed.

Conclusions
The nonangulated C-MAC® Miller facilitated correct placement of the endotracheal tube and showed the highest overall success rate. Our results therefore suggest that the C-MAC® Miller could be beneficial and may contribute to increased safety in the airway management of infants with PRS when used by anesthetists with limited and extensive experience.
Ceramic colors
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ceramic colors or stains consist mainly of pigments, glaze or body, and opacifiers. They are used for the decoration of porcelain, earthenware bone china and other ceramics. Glazes and enamels are the main application systems for ceramic colors. Pigments are the color giving components in the composition of a ceramic color. High temperature and chemical stability as well as high tinting strength are characteristics of stains. Technically important ceramic colors are cadmium sulfide and sulfoselenides (occluded in zircon), metals such as gold, silver, platinum, and copper (as colloidal particles), metal oxides (α-Fe2O3, Cr2O3, CuO, Co3O4/CoO, MnO2/Mn2O3, and NiO/Ni2O3), mixed metal oxides and silicates, zirconia-based and zircon-based compositions. Ceramic colors are often produced using solid state reactions.
Agricultural terraces in the Mediterranean: medieval intensification revealed by OSL profiling and dating
Authors: Turner Sam , Kinnaird Tim , Varinlioğlu Günder , Şerifoğlu Tevfik Emre , Koparal Elif , Demirciler Volkan , Athanasoulis Dimitris , Ødegård Knut , Crow Jim , Jackson Mark , Bolòs Jordi , Sánchez-Pardo José Carlos , Carrer Francesco , Sanderson David , Turner Alex 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe history of agricultural terraces remains poorly understood due to problems in dating their construction and use. This has hampered broader research on their significance, limiting knowledge of past agricultural practices and the long-term investment choices of rural communities. The authors apply OSL profiling and dating to the sediments associated with agricultural terraces across the Mediterranean region to date their construction and use. Results from five widely dispersed case studies reveal that although many terraces were used in the first millennium AD, the most intensive episodes of terrace-building occurred during the later Middle Ages (c. AD 1100–1600). This innovative approach provides the first large-scale evidence for both the longevity and medieval intensification of Mediterranean terraces.
Effect of Specimen Thickness on Threshold Stress Intensity Factor (K
IH) Associated with DHC in Zr-2.5 Nb Alloy Pressure Tube Material
Authors: Sunil Saurav , Bind A. K. , Murty T. N. , Singh R. N. , Avinash G. , Singh I. V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Delayed hydride cracking (DHC) behavior for zirconium alloys is characterized in terms of DHC velocity, VDHC, and Threshold Stress Intensity factor, KIH. The effect of specimen thickness on KIH associated with DHC of unirradiated Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tube material was investigated. For this purpose, KI at crack arrest for 1 mm–, 2 mm–, and 4.5 mm–thick specimens was determined using the load drop technique. Significant tunneling of the crack was observed for 1 mm– and 2 mm–thick specimens in the load drop test at 250°C. The KI at crack arrest was found to be increasing with the decrease in specimen thickness. However, extended finite element model (FEM) simulation revealed that KI at crack arrest in the center of the 1-mm specimen and 2-mm specimen is comparable to the values 9.2 ± 0.5 MPa.m1/2obtained for the 4.5 mm–thick specimen. Hence, if tunneling is not present in the specimen, the KIH was found to be independent of specimen thickness.