bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Regulation, Enterprises' Bargaining Power, and Enterprises' Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Shuwang , Wang Chao , Zhang Hao , Lu Tingshuai , Yi Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The relationship between environmental regulation and enterprises' total factor productivity (TFP) has been a hot topic in the field of environmental economics, but the conclusions are still mixed. Employing a sample of 14,110 firm-year observations in China from 2010 to 2018, our research explores whether and when environmental regulation could trigger firms, to enhance TFP. The available evidence leads us to cautiously conclude that: 1) Environmental regulation notably improves enterprises' TFP, the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. 2) Enterprises' bargaining power significantly weakens the influence of environmental regulation on enterprises' TFP. 3) Compared with non-state-owned enterprises and non-heavy-polluting industries, environmental regulation has a greater impact on state-owned enterprises and heavy-polluting industries; higher executive compensation does not motivate firms to improve TFP; compared with enterprises headquartered in non-provincial capital cities, environmental regulation has a greater impact on enterprises' TFP in provincial capital cities. Overall, the findings of our research are extremely relevant for the government, investor, and enterprise's manager, this paper provides micro-firm-level evidence for the Porter hypothesis in practice in China.
Assessment of Hygiene Practices and Microbial Safety of Milk Supplied by Smallholder Farmers to Processors in Selected Counties in Kenya
Authors: Mogotu Miriam W. , Abong George O. , Mburu John , Ndambi Asaah O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Smallholder farmers dominate the Kenyan dairy sector producing 95% of the total milk. However, several concerns have been raised on the quality and safety of the milk they produce. This study assessed the hygienic practices and microbial safety of milk supplied by smallholder farmers to processors in Bomet, Nyeri, and Nakuru counties in Kenya. Interviews and direct observations were carried out to assess hygiene and handling practices by farmers and a total of 92 milk samples were collected along four collection channels: direct suppliers, traders, cooperatives with coolers and cooperatives without coolers. Microbial analysis was done following standard procedures and data analysed using GenStat and SPSS. This study revealed that farmers did not employ good hygienic practices in their routine dairy management. They used plastic containers for milking and milk storage (34.2%); they did not clean sheds (47.9%) and did not set aside cows that suffered from mastitis factors (83.6%), resulting in poor microbial quality of raw milk along the collection channels. The highest mean total viable counts (8.72 log10 cfu/ml) were recorded in Nakuru while Nyeri had the highest mean E. coli counts (4.97 log10 cfu/ml) and Bomet recorded the highest mean counts of 5.13 and 5.78 log10 cfu/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes respectively. Based on all above-mentioned parameters, the microbial load in most samples from all three counties exceeded the set Kenyan standards. Farmer training, improving road infrastructure, use of instant coolers at cooperatives, and quality-based payment systems are recommended as measures to curb microbial growth.
The Brassica Napus Fatty Acid Exporter FAX1-1 Contributes to Biological Yield, Seed Oil Production, and Oil Quality
Authors: Xiao Zhongchun , Tang Fang , Zhang Liyuan , Li Shengting , Wang Shufeng , Huo Qiang , Yang Bo , Zhang Chao , Wang Daojie , Li Qing , Wei Lijuan , Guo Tao , Qu Cunmin , Lu Kun , Zhang Yanfeng , Guo Liang , Li Jiana , Li Nannan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In the oilseed crop Brassica napus (rapeseed), various metabolic processes influence seed oil production, oil quality, and biological yield. However, the role of plastid membrane proteins in these traits has not been explored. Results: Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 520 B. napus accessions identified the chloroplast membrane protein-localized FATTY ACID EXPORTER 1-1 (FAX1-1) as a candidate associated with biological yield. Seed transcript levels of BnaFAX1-1 were higher in a cultivar with high seed oil content relative to a low-oil cultivar. BnaFAX1-1 localized to the plastid envelope. When expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, BnaFAX1-1 enhanced biological yield (total plant dry matter), seed yield and seed oil content per plant. Likewise, in the ﬁeld, B. napus BnaFAX1-1 overexpression lines (BnaFAX1-1-OE) displayed significantly enhanced biological yield, seed yield, and seed oil content compared with the wild type. BnaFAX1-1 overexpression also up-regulated gibberellic acid 4 (GA4) biosynthesis, which may contribute to biological yield improvement. Furthermore, oleic acid (C18:1) significantly increased in BnaFAX1-1 overexpression seeds. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the putative fatty acid exporter BnaFAX1-1 simultaneously improved seed oil production, oil quality and biological yield in B. napus, providing new approaches for future molecular breeding.
PIMS-TS Innate Cell Signature and Immunophenotype, Description and Comparison with a Cohort of Healthy Children, Kawasaki Disease, Severe Viral and Bacterial Infections.
Authors: García-Salido Alberto , Leoz-Gordillo Inés , González-Brabin Anthony , García-Teresa María Ángeles , de Azagra-Garde Amelia Martínez - , Iglesias-Bouzas María Isabel , Cabrero-Hernández Marta , Patón Gema de - Lama - Caro - , Roch José Luis Unzueta - , Castillo-Robleda Ana , Ramírez-Orellana Manuel , Nieto-Moro Montserrat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new clinical syndrome named as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) has been described. This new disease is a main cause of hospital and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We made a prospective-retrospective observational study to describe the innate cell signature and immunophenotype of children admitted to PICU because of PIMS-TS (from March 2020 to September 2020). They were compared with previous cohorts of healthy controls and children admitted to PICU because bacterial infection, viral infection and Kawasaki disease (KD). Two hundred and forty seven children were studied: 183 healthy controls, 25 viral infections, 20 bacterial infections, 6 KD and 13 PIMS-TS. PIMT-TS showed the lowest percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes with higher relative numbers of CD4+ (p =0,000). Monocytes and neutrophils in PIMS-TS showed higher levels of CD64 expression (p = 0,000). Also, CD11a and CD11b were highly expressed compare to other severe viral or bacterial infections (p = 0,000). In conclusion, we describe and compare for the first time the innate cellular response of children with PIMS-TS with other severe forms of viral or bacterial infection and KD. These data should be further studied and may facilitate the diagnosis and management of these patients.
Impact of COVID-19 and Mitigation Plans on Essential Health Services: Institutional Experience of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College
Authors: Dandena Firaol , Teklewold Berhanetsehay , Anteneh Dagmawi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth systems around the world are being challenged by on-going COVID-19 pandemic .The COVID-19 pandemic and associated response can have a significant downstream effect on access to routine health care services, and indirectly cause morbidity and mortality from causes other than the disease itself ,especially in resource-poor countries such Ethiopia. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these service and measures taken to combat the effect.MethodsThe study was conducted at St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college (SPHMMC). The study was conducted from December 15, 2020 to January 15, 2021 using comparative cross- sectional study design. We collected data on the number of clients getting different essential healthcare services from May to October 2019 (Pre COVID) and same period in 2020 (during COVID-19 pandemic) from patient registry book. The analysis was done with SPSS version 24 software.ResultOverall, the essential services of SPHMMC were affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The most affected service is inpatient admission that showed 73 % (2044 to 682) reduction from pre- COVID period and the least affected is maternal service, which only decrease by 13% (3671 to 3177). During the 6 months after COVID-19 pandemic, there is a progressive increment in number of clients getting essential health services.ConclusionThe establishment of a triple setup for fighting against COVID-19, which encompass; non COVID service, isolation centre and COVID-19 treatment centre played a vital role in preserving essential health services.
Screening of Plant Species for Phytoremediation of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Kaushal Jyotsna , Mahajan Pooja , Srivas Arun Lal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Most of the dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature. Plants are potential candidates to remediate textile dye wastewater from contaminated sites. The present study aimed to design an efficient hydroponic system to screen potential ornamental plant species for removal of synthetic dye solution of triarylmethane dye Methylene Blue (MB) and diazo dye Congo Red (CR). The six plants selected for screening are Trachyspermum ammi, Tagetes erecta, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi, and Catharanthus roseus. The phytotreatment of dyes was done up to 40 h for two different concentrations of dyes, i.e., 10 and 20 mg L− 1. Among screened plant species, the maximum decolorization was obtained from T. ammi followed by B. fedtschenkoi. Both plant species showed active growth in indigenous designed hydroponic system even after the phytoremediation process. T. ammi decolorized the MB dye 99% (10 mg L− 1) and 86% (20 mg L− 1) while the decolorization of the CR dye solution was up to 95% (10 mg L− 1) and 84% (20 mg L− 1). T. ammi was found to have maximum potential among screened plants for the removal of MB and CR dye from synthetic dye solution when kept in designed hydroponic system and can be used for phytoremediation of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes.
The Economic Value of Sustainability of the Integrated Crop-Livestock System in Tropical Regions
Authors: Similli Flávia Fernanda , Mendonça Gabriela Geraldi , Gameiro Augusto Hauber , Augusto Jeferson Garcia , de Oliveira Joyce Graziella , Menegatto Leonardo Sartori , Santos David Ferreira Lopes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of improve economic value of integrated crop-livestock systems in comparison to conventional systems specialized in monoculture. Empirical studies have demonstrated the environmental benefits of integrated crop-livestock systems, however the potential for creating economic value these systems are controversial, especially in emerging countries, where the necessity to expand the food supply needs be associated with better land use. This research evaluated six models of integrated systems and two conventional systems (corn grain production and pasture beef cattle production) in the south-eastern region of Brazil for two years. The models were conducted in an experiment to replicate the main management possibilities in the integrated systems. We show for the first time the economic impact analysis combined the risk optimization and discounted cash flow techniques based on Monte Carlo simulation, considering the price and productivity uncertainties of each system. Results indicated that, for the indicators of added value and return on investment, integrated crop-livestock systems had an economic advantage when compared to conventional systems. It was also found that integrated crop-livestock systems needed a smaller operational area for the economic break-even point to be reached.
A Systemic Approach to Trainee Physician Wellness: Using the Theory of Change to Restructure a Pediatric Residency Program
Authors: Raza Mahanoor , Rahman Arshalooz Jamila , Humayun Khadija , Gulamani Shafeen , Rasheed Muneera , Saeed Sana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Resident well-being leads to better patient care practices, but a systematic approach is needed to achieve the wellness agenda. The Theory of Change was used for developing an interventional model for wellness in our study, after identifying the causes of burnout and attrition in a pediatric residency program. Methods: This was a quality improvement project where residents were asked about their main stressors in an anonymous open-ended feedback form. Workload (n=63, 37.5%) was identified as the main source of dissatisfaction. A database of 43 residents who quit in the past ten years was examined to find 40.0% of residents left after the first year of training and the main cause was marriage and/or family concerns (28.9%). Then literature was reviewed to build a wellness intervention's framework. Finally, the Theory of Change was applied focusing on restructuring the residency core, accountability and communication, and stress management. The final theory of the change model included the assumptions that the program needed restructuring because of high attrition, low first pass exam rate, and decreased patient satisfaction. The goal was to increase resident wellness and performance, while keeping patient care at the core. Results: The short-term outcomes were drop in attrition rate from an average of 8.67% to 1.75%, decrease in FCPS exam attempt from 3.3 to almost 1, and an increase in patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Using the Theory of Change, it was possible to address residents’ concerns, increase their retention and improve patient satisfaction by reconstructing the wellness program.
Study the Effects of Micro-Textured Cutting Tool on Surface Quality and Tool Wear when Machining Aluminium Alloy 7075-T6
Authors: Musavi Seyed Hasan , Sepehrikia Majid , Niknam Seyed Ali , Davoodi Behnam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the wide applications of aluminum alloy in numerous industrial sectors and products, significant attention has been paid by many researchers to improve the production and manufacturing aspects of aluminium alloys and related products. One of the main concerns in this regard is the cutting tool life when machining aluminium alloys. This work aims to present the capability and performance of a new strategy of life improvement in the tungsten carbide inserts by creating micro-textured grooves on their surface. For this purpose, the laser was used to create the different morphologies of textures on the insert surfaces. The grooves were created with different distances in parallel to the cutting edge on the tool rake face. The effects of fabricated grooves on the tool wear attributes were discussed in three directions, including the main edge (x-direction), side edge (y-direction), and radial (in the direction of 45 degrees) and the effect of these grooves/textures on the surface roughness attributes were also studied. To that end, experimental works were performed under dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), as well as three levels of cutting speed, feed rate, and grooves distance. The experimental results were compared with those measured under non-textured inserts. Finally, the obtained results were statistically analyzed, and the empirical models were formulated. Experimental results indicated that micro-textured inserts in both MQL and dry conditions led to surface quality and tool wear as compared to readings made under non-textured inserts.
The Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate Variability in Newborns
Authors: Fister Petja , Lenasi Helena , Rihar Eva , Filipič Jerneja , Klemenc Matjaž 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Neonatal apnoea has been treated with caffeine, which affects the central nervous and the cardiovascular system. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and might be used as a measure of ANS maturation in newborns. We aimed to establish the effect of caffeine on HRV in newborns, and saught for a potential correlation between HRV and the postmenstrual age.Methods: In 25 newborns, hospitalized due to apnoea and treated with caffeine (2.5 mg/kg), we assessed breathing frequency, arterial oxygen saturation, body temperature, and the heart rate while they were sleeping in two bed positions (0° tilt and 30° head-up tilt). We assessed HRV by spectral analysis using fast Fourier transformation. The same protocol was reapplied 100 hours after caffeine withdrawal to assess control parameters.Results: Caffeine increased breathing frequency (p=0.023), but did not affect any other parameter assessed including HRV. We established a positive correlation between postmenstrual age and HRV during treatment with caffeine in a 30° head-up tilt position (total power: p=0.044; low-frequency band: p=0.039).Conclusions: Apparently, the maintenance dose of caffeine is too low to affect heart rate and HRV. A positive correlation between postmenstrual age and HRV might reflect maturation of ANS.Trial registration: NCT04869176, retrospectively registered on April 27th 2021.
Large Scale Toxicoepigenetics on Histones: A Mass Spectrometry-based Screening Assay Applied to Developmental Toxicity
Authors: Verhelst Sigrid , Puyvelde Bart Van , Willems Sander , Daled Simon , Cornelis Senne , Corveleyn Laura , Willems Ewoud , Deforce Dieter , De Clerck Laura , Dhaenens Maarten 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Toxicoepigenetics is an emerging field that studies the toxicological impact of compounds on protein expression through heritable, non-genetic mechanisms, such as histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs). Due to substantial progress in the large-scale study of hPTMs, integration into the field of toxicology is promising and offers the opportunity to gain novel insights into toxicological phenomena. Moreover, there is a growing demand for high-throughput human-based in vitro assays for toxicity testing, especially for developmental toxicity. Consequently, we developed a mass spectrometry-based proof-of-concept to assess a histone code screening assay capable of simultaneously detecting multiple hPTM-changes in human embryonic stem cells. To prove the applicability and performance, we first validated the untargeted workflow with valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. These results demonstrate that our workflow is capable of mapping the hPTM-dynamics, with a general increase in acetylations as an internal control. To illustrate the scalability, a dose-response study was performed on a proof-of-concept library of ten compounds i) with a known effect on the hPTMs (BIX-01294, 3-Deazaneplanocin A, Trichostatin A, and VPA), ii) classified as highly embryotoxic by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) (Methotrexate, and All-trans retinoic acid), iii) classified as non-embryotoxic by ECVAM (Penicillin G), and iv) compounds of abuse with a presumed developmental toxicity (ethanol, caffeine, and nicotine). In conclusion, we show that toxicoepigenetic screening on histones is feasible and yields very rich data that holds potential, not only for applications in the pharmaceutical industry, but also for environmental toxicity and food safety.
Multifunctional Irrigation-Assisted Vacuum Drainage versus Traditional Drainage in the Treatment of Odontogenic Deep Fascial Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: He Di , Qian Yuanyi , Zhou LiMei , Qi HaoZhao , Yu Menghua , Zhang Tian , Yan Qin , Sheng Xiahan , Liu Yanming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Odontogenic deep fascial space infection in the head and neck is a common clinical problem which requires emergency surgery. Traditional drainage method is considered laborious and gravity-dependent. We aimed in this study to promote a modified multifunctional irrigation-assisted vacuum drainage (MIVD) and evaluate the clinical effect of it in the treatment of odontogenic deep fascial infection.Methods: Patients diagnosed with odontogenic deep fascial space infection in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China between March 2018 and March 2021 were studied. We divided the patients into two groups based on the drainage method they received: patients with the MIVD device were included in the MIVD group, patients with traditional drainage were included in the traditional group. Data was collected retrospectively including baseline characteristics and treatment outcome variables. Pearson Chi-square test and the Student t-test were used in statistical analyses. Statistical difference was considered significant when p<0.05.Results: A total of 65 patients were included. All the patients were eventually cured. There were no significant differences in age, gender, systemic diseases, history of diabetes, tobacco use, number of the infected spaces, preoperative white blood cell count and C-reactive protein between the two groups (p>0.05). The number and frequency of manual irrigation by clinicians (MIC), time required for white blood cell count to return to normal levels (TWBC), time required for C-reactive protein to return to normal levels (TCRP), the length of hospitalization and the length and total cost of antibiotics use were significantly less in the MIVD group than those in the traditional group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the cost of hospitalization between the 2 groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: The MIVD device significantly reduced the number and frequency of MIC, TWBC, TCRP, the length of hospitalization and the length and total cost of antibiotics use in comparison with the traditional drainage method. It provided a favorable treatment method for patients with odontogenic deep fascial space infection in the head and neck.
Body image concerns screening tools: creation and validation of Polish language versions of Body Shape Questionnaire-34 (BSQ-34) and Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)
Authors: Yurtsever Ida , Matusiak Łukasz , Szepietowska Marta , Evans Chris , Szepietowski Jacek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Body image can be defined as individual perception of own body and related behaviors. Body dissatisfaction may lead to low self-esteem, depression and anxiety. Body image can be evaluated and quantified. Among various number of instruments assessing body image, there are: Body Shape Questionnaire-34 (BSQ-34) and Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS). The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Polish version of both: BSQ-34 and FAS. Methods: Both, forward and backward translations of the original English versions of BSQ-34 and FAS questionnaires was performed in accordance with international standards. The validation of BSQ-34 was conducted on 89 and FAS on 103 individuals. They completed the questionnaires twice with 3-6 days interval. The subjects also filled the Polish versions of BIQLI (Body Image Quality of Life Inventory) and BAS-2 (Body Appreciation Scale-2) for convergent validity procedure. Results: The Polish version of both BSQ-34 and FAS demonstrated very good and good internal consistency and reproducibility. Convergent validity indicated a moderate relationship between BSQ-34 and BIQLI, and strong correlation between FAS and BAS-2. Conclusions: To conclude the Polish version of both BSQ-34 and FAS questionnaire showed sufficient internal consistency and reliability. They can be used in clinical practice in subjects speaking Polish language. Trial registration: Wroclaw Medical University EC approval no: 2/06/20