bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Systematic Approach to Teach Analysis of the Aging Face
Authors: Sivam Sunthosh , Kim Patrick , Humphrey Clinton , Kriet J. David 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a novel systematic approach aimed at improving a resident physician’s ability to perform analysis of the aging face.Study DesignProspective randomized case‐control study.SettingAccreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery residency program.MethodsTwenty otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residents were randomized into 2 groups with even representation in each postgraduate year level in each cohort. One group used traditional materials (textbooks), and the other group was given exclusive access to the online learning module featuring a systematic approach to aging‐face analysis. Both groups completed preactivity, postactivity, and retention assessments to gauge their ability to perform a comprehensive analysis of the aging face.ResultsWhen compared with a matched control cohort, the residents who used the systematic approach performed more comprehensive facial aging assessments immediately after the intervention and at a retention time point.ConclusionA systematic approach delivered via an 11‐minute online module can significantly improve a resident physician’s ability to perform analysis of the aging face. This systematic approach could be easily integrated into other online or traditional educational curriculums. Moreover, this methodology could be applied to additional areas in which residents have limited exposure but must develop expertise.
Clinical Characteristics and Management Outcomes of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments Due to Retinal Dialysis
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Raziyeh , Huang Denis , Salabati Mirataollah , Awh Katherine , Garg Sunir , Hsu Jason , Ho Allen , Regillo Carl 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This work assesses the clinical characteristics and outcomes of various treatment methods in managing rhegmatogenous retinal detachments secondary to retinal dialysis. Methods: In this retrospective, consecutive case series, patients presenting to a tertiary referral vitreoretinal service from 2015 to 2020 were chosen. The primary outcome measure was the single-surgery anatomic success (SSAS) rate in the first 90 days after surgery and overall SSAS rate until the last visit. Results: Eighty-six eyes of 84 patients were included. Mean (SD) age was 30 (14.8) years (range, 7-71 years). Fifty-nine (70%) patients were men and 55 eyes (64%) had a history of trauma. Dialysis occurred in the inferotemporal quadrant in 50 eyes (58%) of the entire cohort and 25 of 55 eyes (45%) with prior trauma. Fifty-one eyes (59.3%) were managed by scleral buckle (SB), 25 eyes (29.2%) with laser retinopexy, and 10 eyes (11.6%) with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The SSAS rate in the first 90 days after surgery was 94.1% (81 of 86 eyes), including 90.1% of eyes with SB, 100% of eyes with laser retinopexy, and 100% of eyes with PPV ( P = .07). The overall SSAS rate, however, was 89.5% (77 of 86) eyes, including 90.1% of eyes with SB, 84% of eyes with laser retinopexy, and 100% of eyes with PPV ( P = .4). Final attachment rate was 100% in the entire cohort. Conclusions: With careful consideration of underlying pathology, all 3 treatment modalities can provide high rates of anatomic and functional success.
Genome wide association study of agronomic and seed traits in a world collection of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)
Authors: Boukail Sameh , Macharia Mercy , Miculan Mara , Masoni Alberto , Calamai Alessandro , Palchetti Enrico , Dell’Acqua Matteo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe climate crisis threatens sustainability of crop production worldwide. Crop diversification may enhance food security while reducing the negative impacts of climate change. Proso millet (Panicum milaceumL.) is a minor cereal crop which holds potential for diversification and adaptation to different environmental conditions. In this study, we assembled a world collection of proso millet consisting of 88 varieties and landraces to investigate its genomic and phenotypic diversity for seed traits, and to identify marker-trait associations (MTA).ResultsSequencing of restriction-site associated DNA fragments yielded 494 million reads and 2,412 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were used to study the diversity in the collection and perform a genome wide association study (GWAS). A genotypic diversity analysis separated accessions originating in Western Europe, Eastern Asia and Americas from accessions sampled in Southern Asia, Western Asia, and Africa. A Bayesian structure analysis reported four cryptic genetic groups, showing that landraces accessions had a significant level of admixture and that most of the improved proso millet materials clustered separately from landraces. The collection was highly diverse for seed traits, with color varying from white to dark brown and width spanning from 1.8 to 2.6 mm. A GWAS study for seed morphology traits identified 10 MTAs. In addition, we identified three MTAs for agronomic traits that were previously measured on the collection.ConclusionUsing genomics and automated seed phenotyping, we elucidated phylogenetic relationships and seed diversity in a global millet collection. Overall, we identified 13 MTAs for key agronomic and seed traits indicating the presence of alleles with potential for application in proso breeding programs.
Perspectives of older adults with a chronic condition on functioning, social participation and health: a qualitative study
Authors: De Coninck Leen , Declercq Anja , Bouckaert Leen , Vermandere Mieke , Graff Maud J. L. , Aertgeert Bert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Problems with mobility, functioning and social participation make living independently difficult for frail older adults. To continue living independently, therapy adherence is a prerequisite. The causes for non-adherence among older adults are multiple and complex, which is why insight into older adults’ perspectives regarding their functioning is an essential factor to increase therapy adherence.
This study investigates the perspectives of older adults on their functioning, social participation and health, and the factors influencing these elements.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study on the older adult’s perceived functioning, social participation and health. Fourteen home-dwelling older adults suffering from chronic health issues were purposively selected.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with open-ended questions.
Data were analysed following the Basic Logical Model of Abduction and Creswell’s coding method.

Results
Assistive devices, the older adult’s dwelling and living environment, professional and informal support, and medication are perceived as important determinants for retaining functioning and social participation.
Attitude, social influence and personal effectiveness were found to influence whether a person performs or participates in an activity. A person’s attitude is related to the significance the activity has to that person, the activity’s importance, personal wellbeing, the person’s values, and their desire for autonomy. Peers and children have a social influence on the level of activity of the older person. Traditions, in particular religious activities, along with personal effectiveness are motivating factors determining whether a person performs or participates in an activity. Personal effectiveness is linked to the person’s belief in their personal competencies and to the relationship between effort and result.
Finally, it appears that the type of coping strategy the older adult adopts, has an influence on their behavior. The participating older adults often used remarkable problem-focused strategies, which had a positive effect on their level of autonomy.

Conclusions
Older adults have identified barriers and facilitators that influence their level of functioning and social participation. These findings help to create a framework for maintaining and increasing therapy adherence, which may be helpful in facilitating occupational therapists and other healthcare professionals to detect determinants of therapy adherence.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study of lived experiences of South Asian immigrant women and perspectives of their health care providers in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Mridula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSouth Asian women are at a high risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus than other women in Australia. Gestational diabetes affects up to 14–19% of all pregnancies among South Asian, South East Asian, and Arabic populations placing women at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although, gestational diabetes resolves after childbirth, women with gestational diabetes are up to seven times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes within five to ten years of the index pregnancy. Increasingly, South Asian women are being diagnosed with gestational diabetes in Australia. Therefore, we aimed to gain a better understanding of the lived experiences of South Asian women and their experiences of self-management and their health care providers’ perspectives of treatment strategies.MethodsUsing an ethnographic qualitative research methodology, semi-structured one-on-one, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 health care providers involved in gestational diabetes management and treatment from the three largest tertiary level maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 South Asian women post diagnosis between 24–28 weeks gestation in pregnancy.ResultsHealth care providers had challenges in providing care to South Asian women. The main challenge was to get women to self-manage their blood glucose levels with lifestyle modification. Whilst, women felt self-management information provided were inadequate and inappropriate to their needs. Women felt ‘losing control over their pregnancy’, because of being preoccupied with diet and exercise to control their blood glucose level.ConclusionsThe gestational diabetes clinical practice at the study hospitals were unable to meet consumer expectations. Health care providers need to be familiar of diverse patient cultures, rather than applying the current ‘one size fits all’ approach that failed to engage and meet the needs of immigrant and ethnic women. Future enabling strategies should aim to co-design and develop low Glycaemic Index diet plans of staple South Asian foods and lifestyle modification messages.
TBX5-AS1, an enhancer RNA, is a potential novel prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cheng Lin , Han Tong , Chen Bolin , Nie Kechao , Peng Weijun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are demonstrated to be closely associated with tumourigenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of eRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely unclear. Thus, a comprehensive analysis was constructed to identify the key eRNAs, and to explore the clinical utility of the identified eRNAs in LUAD.

Methods
First, LUAD expression profile data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and eRNA-relevant information were integrated for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis to filtered the key candidate eRNAs that was associated with survival rate and their target genes in LUAD. Then, the key eRNA was selected for subsequent clinical correlation analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were undertaken to explore the potential signaling pathways of the key eRNA. Data from the human protein atlas (HPA) database were used to validate the outcomes and the quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was conducted to measure eRNA expression levels in tumor tissues and paired normal adjacent tissues from LUAD patients. Finally, the eRNAs were validated in pan-cancer.

Results
As a result, TBX5-AS1 was identified as the key eRNA, which has T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) as its regulatory target. KEGG analysis indicated that TBX5-AS1 may exert a vital role via the PI3K/AKT pathway, Ras signaling pathway, etc. Additionally, the qRT-PCR results and the HPA database indicated that TBX5-AS1 and TBX5 were significantly downregulated in tumour samples compared to matched-adjacent pairs. The pan-cancer validation results showed that TBX5-AS1 was associated with survival in four tumors, namely, adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), LUAD, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Correlations were found between TBX5-AS1 and its target gene, TBX5, in 26 tumor types.

Conclusion
Collectively, our results indicated that TBX5-AS1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients and promote the targeted therapy of LUAD.
Life weariness, suicidal thoughts and mortality: a sixteen-year longitudinal study among men and women older than 60 years
Authors: Fagerström Cecilia , Welmer Anna-Karin , Elmståhl Sölve , Tuvesson Hanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide in old age is a significant contributor to mortality. However, the extent to which life weariness and suicidal thoughts impact on mortality in a long-term perspective is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of life weariness and suicidal thoughts on long-term survival (16 years) in an older Swedish population, controlling for demographic and social network factors and depression. A further aim was to investigate differences in sex and age interactions in relation to mortality among individuals with and without life weariness and suicidal thoughts.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study on a national, representative sample of individuals aged 60+ years was conducted within the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care study. The sample included 7213 individuals, who provided information about life weariness and suicidal thoughts through an item derived from the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Data were analysed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsAt baseline, 12.5% of the participants (14.6% of females and 9.5% of males) reported life weariness and suicidal thoughts. During the 16-year follow-up, a mean survival time was 11.5 years (standard deviation (SD) 5.6), and 3804 individuals died (59.5% females and 40.5% males). Individuals with life weariness and suicidal thoughts had half the survival rate compared with those without such thoughts (24.5% vs. 50.6%), with a mean survival time of 8.4 years (SD 5.7) versus 12.0 years (SD 5.4). The multi-adjusted hazard ratio of mortality for those reporting life weariness and suicidal thoughts was 1.44 (95% confidence interval, 1.30–1.59), with the population attributable risk at 11.1%. In the models, being male or female 80+ years showed the highest multi-adjusted hazard ratio of long-term mortality (ref. female 60–69 years).ConclusionsThe findings suggested that life weariness and suicidal thoughts were risk factors for long-term mortality, when controlled for sex and age interactions that were found to strongly predict long-term mortality. These findings have practical implications in prevention of mortality, emphasising the importance of screening, identifying, and intercepting older men and women with signs of life weariness and suicidal thoughts.Trial registrationNot applicable.
An assessment of anthropometric indices and its association with NCDs among the older adults of India: evidence from LASI Wave-1
Authors: Bramhankar Mahadev , Pandey Mohit , Rana Gursimran Singh , Rai Balram , Mishra Nand Lal , Shukla Anandi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to assess the status of physical body indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) among the older adults aged 45 and above in India. Further, to explore the association of anthropometric indices with various non-communicable morbidities.

Methods
The study uses secondary data of the Longitudinal Ageing Survey’s first wave in India (2017–18). The national representative sample for older adults 45 and above (65,662) considered for the analysis. The prevalence of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) included in the study is based on the self-reporting of the participants. Diseases included are among the top ten causes of death, such as cancer, hypertension, stroke, chronic heart diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and multi-morbidity. Multi-morbidity is a case of having more than one of the morbidities mentioned above. BMI-obese indicates an individual having a BMI ≥30, and the critical threshold value for high-risk WC for men is ≥102 cm while for women is ≥88 cm. The critical limit for the high-risk WHR for men and women is ≥0.90 and ≥ 0.85, respectively. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions are used to assess the association BMI, WC, and WHR with non-communicable morbidities.

Results
Based on the multivariate-adjusted model, odds shows that an Indian older adult aged 45 and above is 2.3 times more likely (AOR: 2.33; 95% CI (2.2, 2.5)) by obesity, 61% more likely (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI (1.629, 1.631)) by high-risk WHR and 98% more likely (AOR: 1.98; 95% CI (1.9, 2.1)) by high-risk WC to develop CVDs than their normal counterparts. Similarly, significant positive associations of obesity, high-risk WC, and high-risk WHR were observed with other NCDs and multi-morbidity.

Conclusion
Our study shows that obesity, high-risk WC, and high-risk WHR are significant risks for developing NCDs and multi-morbidity among the older adults in India. There is a need for a multi-sectoral approach to reduce the share of the elderly population in high-risk groups of BMIs, WHR, and WC.
XIST promotes apoptosis and the inflammatory response in CSE-stimulated cells via the miR-200c-3p/EGR3 axis
Authors: Chen Panfeng , Jiang Ping , Chen Jianing , Yang Yang , Guo Xiumei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that causes obstructed airways and abnormal inflammatory responses in the lungs. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) has been revealed to play a vital role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in certain diseases. We aimed to explore the role of EGR3 and its upstream mechanism in COPD.

Methods and result
In the present study, 16HBE cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to mimic the inflammatory response in vitro. RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of EGR3 was upregulated in lungs from COPD patients. EGR3 expression in 16HBE cells was increased by CSE treatment. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis and western blot analysis showed that EGR3 downregulation inhibited 16HBE cell apoptosis. EGR3 silencing decreased the protein levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and COX2 in CSE-stimulated 16HBE cells. In addition, EGR3 was targeted by microRNA-200c-3p (miR-200c-3p) in 16HBE cells. MiR-200c-3p expression was significantly decreased in lung tissues from COPD patients compared to that in healthy controls. Furthermore, miR-200c-3p bound to lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in 16HBE cells. Additionally, XIST expression was elevated in lung tissues from COPD patients. Rescue assays indicated that EGR3 overexpression counteracted the effects of XIST downregulation on apoptosis and inflammation in CSE-stimulated 16HBE cells.

Conclusion
The XIST/miR-200c-3p/EGR3 axis facilitated apoptosis and inflammation in CSE-stimulated 16HBE cells. These findings may provide novel insight for treating COPD by alleviating lung inflammation.
Cardiovascular and mortality benefits of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: CVD-Real Catalonia
Authors: Real Jordi , Vlacho Bogdan , Ortega Emilio , Vallés Joan Antoni , Mata-Cases Manel , Castelblanco Esmeralda , Wittbrodt Eric T. , Fenici Peter , Kosiborod Mikhail , Mauricio Dídac , Franch-Nadal Josep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence from prospective cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients supports the use of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to reduce the risk of CV events. In this study, we compared the risk of several CV outcomes between new users of SGLT2i and other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs) in Catalonia, Spain.

Methods
CVD-REAL Catalonia was a retrospective cohort study using real-world data routinely collected between 2013 and 2016. The cohorts of new users of SGLT2i and oGLDs were matched by propensity score on a 1:1 ratio. We compared the incidence rates and hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and modified major adverse CV event (MACE; all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke).

Results
After propensity score matching, 12,917 new users were included in each group. About 27% of users had a previous history of CV disease. In the SGLT2i group, the exposure time was 60% for dapagliflozin, 26% for empagliflozin and 14% for canagliflozin. The use of SGLT2i was associated with a lower risk of heart failure (HR: 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.74; p < 0.001), all-cause death (HR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.31–0.54; p < 0.001), all-cause death or heart failure (HR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.47–0.63; p < 0.001), modified MACE (HR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.52–0.74; p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (HR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.54–0.80; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In this large, retrospective observational study of patients with T2DM from a Catalonia, initiation of SGLT-2i was associated with lower risk of mortality, as well as heart failure and CKD.
A new pipeline for structural characterization and classification of RNA-Seq microbiome data
Authors: Racedo Sebastian , Portnoy Ivan , Vélez Jorge I. , San-Juan-Vergara Homero , Sanjuan Marco , Zurek Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
High-throughput sequencing enables the analysis of the composition of numerous biological systems, such as microbial communities. The identification of dependencies within these systems requires the analysis and assimilation of the underlying interaction patterns between all the variables that make up that system. However, this task poses a challenge when considering the compositional nature of the data coming from DNA-sequencing experiments because traditional interaction metrics (e.g., correlation) produce unreliable results when analyzing relative fractions instead of absolute abundances. The compositionality-associated challenges extend to the classification task, as it usually involves the characterization of the interactions between the principal descriptive variables of the datasets. The classification of new samples/patients into binary categories corresponding to dissimilar biological settings or phenotypes (e.g., control and cases) could help researchers in the development of treatments/drugs.

Results
Here, we develop and exemplify a new approach, applicable to compositional data, for the classification of new samples into two groups with different biological settings. We propose a new metric to characterize and quantify the overall correlation structure deviation between these groups and a technique for dimensionality reduction to facilitate graphical representation. We conduct simulation experiments with synthetic data to assess the proposed method’s classification accuracy. Moreover, we illustrate the performance of the proposed approach using Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) count tables obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from two microbiota experiments. Also, compare our method’s performance with that of two state-of-the-art methods.

Conclusions
Simulation experiments show that our method achieves a classification accuracy equal to or greater than 98% when using synthetic data. Finally, our method outperforms the other classification methods with real datasets from gene sequencing experiments.