bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution
Authors: Nečas Tadeáš , Badjedjea Gabriel , Vopálenský Michal , Gvoždík Václav 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe reed frog genus Hyperolius (Afrobatrachia, Hyperoliidae) is a speciose genus containing over 140 species of mostly small to medium-sized frogs distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Its high level of colour polymorphism, together with in anurans relatively rare sexual dichromatism, make systematic studies more difficult. As a result, the knowledge of the diversity and taxonomy of this genus is still limited. Hyperolius robustus known only from a handful of localities in rain forests of the central Congo Basin is one of the least known species. Here, we have used molecular methods for the first time to study the phylogenetic position of this taxon, accompanied by an analysis of phenotype based on external (morphometric) and internal (osteological) morphological characters. Our phylogenetic results undoubtedly placed H. robustus out of Hyperolius into a common clade with sympatric Cryptothylax and West African Morerella. To prevent the uncovered paraphyly, we place H. robustus into a new genus, Congolius. The review of all available data suggests that the new genus is endemic to the central Congolian lowland rain forests. The analysis of phenotype underlined morphological similarity of the new genus to some Hyperolius species. This uniformity of body shape (including cranial shape) indicates that the two genera have either retained ancestral morphology or evolved through convergent evolution under similar ecological pressures in the African rain forests.
Microscale sensor solution for data collection from fibre-matrix interfaces
Authors: Dsouza Royson , Antunes Paulo , Kakkonen Markus , Tanhuanpää Olli , Laurikainen Pekka , Javanshour Farzin , Kallio Pasi , Kanerva Mikko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEspecially the applications of fibrous composites in miniature products, dental and other medical applications require accurate data of microscale mechanics. The characterization of adhesion between single filament and picoliter-scale polymer matrix usually relies on the experiments using so-called microbond (MB) testing. The traditional MB test systems provide unitary data output (i.e., converted force) which is enigmatic in resolving the fracture parameters of multi-mode interface cracks. As a fundamental basis, the momentary reaction force and respective local strain at the location of a non-ambiguous gradient are needed for a mechanical analysis. In this paper, a monolithic compliant based structure with an integrated Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is developed and analysed. The stiffness of the compliant structure is estimated by using mathematical and finite element (FE) models. Qualification experiments are carried out to confirm the functional performance: MB testing of synthetic (carbon and glass) and natural (flax) single filaments are successfully performed. Quasi-static and dynamic analysis of the MB testing is carried out by using the FE method to interpret the response of the compliant structure. The developed strain-sensing CBPM-FBG holder shows excellent sensitivity during the MB tests for both synthetic and natural filaments, even at a low filament diameters as low as $$7\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$

7

μ
m

, making the monolithic compliant structure the first instrument capable of force-strain data output for bonded filament-droplet specimens.
Data valuation for medical imaging using Shapley value and application to a large-scale chest X-ray dataset
Authors: Tang Siyi , Ghorbani Amirata , Yamashita Rikiya , Rehman Sameer , Dunnmon Jared A. , Zou James , Rubin Daniel L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe reliability of machine learning models can be compromised when trained on low quality data. Many large-scale medical imaging datasets contain low quality labels extracted from sources such as medical reports. Moreover, images within a dataset may have heterogeneous quality due to artifacts and biases arising from equipment or measurement errors. Therefore, algorithms that can automatically identify low quality data are highly desired. In this study, we used data Shapley, a data valuation metric, to quantify the value of training data to the performance of a pneumonia detection algorithm in a large chest X-ray dataset. We characterized the effectiveness of data Shapley in identifying low quality versus valuable data for pneumonia detection. We found that removing training data with high Shapley values decreased the pneumonia detection performance, whereas removing data with low Shapley values improved the model performance. Furthermore, there were more mislabeled examples in low Shapley value data and more true pneumonia cases in high Shapley value data. Our results suggest that low Shapley value indicates mislabeled or poor quality images, whereas high Shapley value indicates data that are valuable for pneumonia detection. Our method can serve as a framework for using data Shapley to denoise large-scale medical imaging datasets.
Femtosecond laser induced thermophoretic writing of waveguides in silicate glass
Authors: Macias-Montero Manuel , Muñoz Francisco , Sotillo Belén , del Hoyo Jesús , Ariza Rocío , Fernandez Paloma , Siegel Jan , Solis Javier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere in, the fs-laser induced thermophoretic writing of microstructures in ad-hoc compositionally designed silicate glasses and their application as infrared optical waveguides is reported. The glass modification mechanism mimics the elemental thermal diffusion occurring in basaltic liquids at the Earth’s mantle, but in a much shorter time scale (108 times faster) and over a well-defined micrometric volume. The precise addition of BaO, Na2O and K2O to the silicate glass enables the creation of positive refractive index contrast upon fs-laser irradiation. The influence of the focal volume and the induced temperature gradient is thoroughly analyzed, leading to a variety of structures with refractive index contrasts as high as 2.5 × 10–2. Two independent methods, namely near field measurements and electronic polarizability analysis, confirm the magnitude of the refractive index on the modified regions. Additionally, the functionality of the microstructures as waveguides is further optimized by lowering their propagation losses, enabling their implementation in a wide range of photonic devices.
Scopolamine promotes neuroinflammation and delirium-like neuropsychiatric disorder in mice
Authors: Cheon So Yeong , Koo Bon-Nyeo , Kim So Yeon , Kam Eun Hee , Nam Junhyun , Kim Eun Jung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPostoperative delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting a high postsurgical mortality rate and decline in postdischarge function. Extensive research has been performed on both human and animal delirium-like models due to their clinical significance, focusing on systematic inflammation and consequent neuroinflammation playing a key role in the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunctions. Since animal models are widely utilized for pathophysiological study of neuropsychiatric disorders, this study aimed at examining the validity of the scopolamine-induced delirium-like mice model with respect to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of delirium. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with intraperitoneal scopolamine (2 mg/kg). Neurobehavioral tests were performed to evaluate the changes in cognitive functions, including learning and memory, and the level of anxiety after surgery or scopolamine treatment. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α) and inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) in different brain regions were measured. Gene expression profiles were also examined using whole-genome RNA sequencing analyses to compare gene expression patterns of different mice models. Scopolamine treatment showed significant increase in the level of anxiety and impairments in memory and cognitive function associated with increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components. Genetic analysis confirmed the different expression patterns of genes involved in immune response and inflammation and those related with the development of the nervous system in both surgery and scopolamine-induced mice models. The scopolamine-induced delirium-like mice model successfully showed that analogous neuropsychiatric changes coincides with the neuroinflammatory hypothesis for pathogenesis of delirium.
The mechanism of TiaoGanYiPi formula for treating chronic hepatitis B by network pharmacology and molecular docking verification
Authors: Cao Xu , Zao Xiaobin , Xue Baiquan , Chen Hening , Zhang Jiaxin , Li Shuo , Li Xiaobin , Zhu Shun , Guo Rui , Li Xiaoke , Ye Yong’an 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Chinese herbal formula TiaoGanYiPi (TGYP) showed effective against chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Hence, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms and potential targets between TGYP and CHB. The active compounds and related putative targets of TGYP, and disease targets of CHB were obtained from the public databases. The key targets between TGYP and CHB were identified through the network construction and module analysis. The expression of the key targets was detected in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and normal hepatocyte cell line LO2. We first obtained 11 key targets which were predominantly enriched in the Cancer, Cell cycle and HBV-related pathways. And the expression of the key targets was related to HBV infection and liver inflammation verified in GSE83148 database. Furthermore, the results of real-time quantitative PCR and CCK-8 assay indicated that TGYP could regulate the expression of key targets including CCNA2, ABL1, CDK4, CDKN1A, IGFR and MAP2K1, and promote proliferation of LO2 cells. In coclusion, we identified the active compounds and key targets btween TGYP and CHB, and found that the TGYP might exhibite curative effect on CHB via promoting hepatocyte proliferation and inhibiting the liver inflammatory processes.
Effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis at 30 versus 60 min before cesarean delivery
Authors: Rubin Hadas , Rom Eyal , Wattad Malak , Seh Khadeje , Levy Natanel , Jehassi Ayellet , Romano Shabtai , Salim Raed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) given within 30 compared to 30–60 min before skin incision on the incidence of infectious morbidity after cesarean delivery (CD). A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institution on data between 2014 and 2018. Women who delivered by CD were divided into two groups according to AP timing before skin incision: group 1 within 30 min, and group 2 from 30 to 60 min. The primary outcome was the incidence of any infectious morbidity. Overall, 2989 women were eligible: 2791 in group 1 and 198 in group 2. The primary composite outcome occurred in 125 women (4.48%) in group 1 and 8 women (4.04%) in group 2 (OR, 1.11; 95% CI 0.54–2.31; P = 0.77). The rate of surgical site infection only, was 1.08% in group 1 and 0.51% in group 2 (OR, 2.13; 95% CI 0.29–15.70; P = 0.72). The incidence was comparable between the groups in a separate sub-analysis restricted to laboring CDs and obese women. The rate of infectious morbidity was similar among women who received AP within 30 min and from 30 to 60 min before skin incision.
Effects of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors on contextual modulation in macaque area V1
Authors: Herrero Jose L. , Thiele Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContext affects the salience and visibility of image elements in visual scenes. Collinear flankers can enhance or decrease the perceptual and neuronal sensitivity to flanked stimuli. These effects are mediated through lateral interactions between neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1), in conjunction with feedback from higher visual areas. The strength of lateral interactions is affected by cholinergic neuromodulation. Blockade of muscarinic receptors should increase the strength of lateral intracortical interactions, while nicotinic blockade should reduce thalamocortical feed-forward drive. Here we test this proposal through local iontophoretic application of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine and the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, while recording single cells in parafoveal representations in awake fixating macaque V1. Collinear flankers generally reduced neuronal contrast sensitivity. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blockade equally reduced neuronal contrast sensitivity. Contrary to our hypothesis, flanker interactions were not systematically affected by either receptor blockade.
Identified a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 6 serve as a novel gastric cancer prognostic biomarker by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhu Ya-zhen , Liu Yi , Liao Xi-wen , Luo Shan-shan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective: We aimed to explore the prognostic value of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) genes in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) expression data for 351 GC patients and other relevant clinical data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Survival analysis and a genome-wide gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to define the underlying molecular value of the ADAMTS genes in GC development. Besides, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were all employed to validate the relationship between the expression of these genes and GC patient prognosis. Results: The Log rank test with both Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that ADAMTS6 expression profile correlated with the GC patients clinical outcome. Patients with a high expression of ADAMTS6 were associated with poor overall survival (OS). Comprehensive survival analysis of the ADAMTS genes suggests that ADAMTS6 might be an independent predictive factor for the OS in patients with GC. Besides, GSEA demonstrated that ADAMTS6 might be involved in multiple biological processes and pathways, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), tumor protein P53, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), cadherin (CDH1) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathways. It was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR that ADAMTS6 is highly expressed in GC, which may be related to the prognosis of GC patients. Conclusion: In summary, our study demonstrated that ADAMTS6 gene could be used as a potential molecular marker for GC prognosis.
Biochemistry: one molecule at a time
Authors: Gruszka Dominika T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biological processes are orchestrated by complex networks of molecules. Conventional approaches for studying the action of biomolecules operate on a population level, averaging out any inhomogeneities within the ensemble. Investigating one biological macromolecule at a time allows researchers to directly probe individual behaviours, and thus characterise the intrinsic molecular heterogeneity of the system. Single-molecule methods have unravelled unexpected modes of action for many seemingly well-characterised biomolecules and often proved instrumental in understanding the intricate mechanistic basis of biological processes. This collection of reviews aims to showcase how single-molecule techniques can be used to address important biological questions and to inspire biochemists to ‘zoom in’ to the population and probe individual molecular behaviours, beyond the ensemble average. Furthermore, this issue of Essays in Biochemistry is the very first written and edited entirely by early career researchers, and so it also highlights the strength, diversity and excellence of the younger generation single-molecule scientists who drive this exciting field of research forward.
A practical building energy consumption anomaly detection method based on parameter adaptive setting DBSCAN
Authors: Yao Gang , Guo Chen , Ge Quanbo , Ait‐Ahmed Mourad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to realize the Building Energy Consumption Anomaly Detection (BECAD) for the green building assessment, the Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) is adopted for data clustering. To deal with the parameter setting difficulty of the DBSCAN, a practical parameter adaptive setting method is proposed. The presented method determines values of the DBSCAN parameters, MinPts and ε, according to four distribution characteristics (average data distance, data local densities, cosine similarity, and equivalent space radius) of data, and does not need prior knowledge of the datasets. Furthermore, parameter values determined by the proposed method can improve the clustering effect of the DBSCAN on datasets with various data densities. After testing the proposed method with open datasets, DBSCAN with the parameter adaptive setting method is applied to the BECAD. Experiment results show that identified building energy utilization patterns and abnormal buildings are reasonable and the results can offer the management departments a clear understanding of building energy consumption patterns, as well as decision supports to make subsequent improvement measures.
Periphere Nervenrekonstruktion – Diagnostik als Grundlage der Entscheidungsfindung – Bericht des Consensus-Workshops im Rahmen der 35. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM)
Authors: Radtke Christine , Bendszus Martin , Lindenblatt Nicole , Freystätter Christian , Aszmann Oskar , Schiller Andreas , Liodaki Maria-Erini , Giovanoli Pietro 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Frühstadium von Nervenläsionen stellt die klinische Differenzierung zwischen Neurapraxie, Axonotmesis und Neurotmesis oftmals eine große Herausforderung dar. Vor allem im Frühstadium von Nervenläsionen ist eine korrekte Klassifizierung des Schädigungstyps jedoch von essenzieller Bedeutung, da hiermit das therapeutische Konzept, insbesondere das operative Vorgehen und damit die Prognose, maßgebend bestimmt werden. Neben einer ausführlichen klinischen Statuierung und Anamneseerhebung bedarf es zur Präzisierung der Diagnose den Einsatz ergänzender elektrophysiologischer (funktioneller) und/oder bildgebender Untersuchungen. Eine elektrophysiologische Diagnostik kann hierbei Auskunft über Lokalisation, Schweregrad, Verlauf, Schädigungstyp und einer beginnenden oder stattgehabten Reinnervation geben. Präoperativ sollten hinsichtlich der funktionellen Diagnostik eine Neurografie, Nadel-Elektromyografie (EMG) und ggf. evozierte Potentiale (EP) und bildgebend eine Nervensonografie oder Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) durchgeführt werden. Ergänzend kann eine EMG auch intraoperativ erfolgen.
Einfluss der Brustdimension bei der einzeitigen Augmentationsmastopexie auf die Implantatauswahl – Erfahrungen aus 103 konsekutiven Brustaugmentationen mit nanotexturierten Silikonimplantaten
Authors: Lam Martin C. , Vorhold Jens , Pech Thomas , Wefers Natalie , Kalff Jörg C. , Walgenbach Klaus J. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Laut aktueller Studienlage weist die einzeitige Augmentationsmastopexie (AM) geringe Komplikationen auf und ist mit einer niedrigeren Reoperationsrate verbunden, als wenn ein zweizeitiges Vorgehen erfolgt. Bei der AM kann sich die Brustdimension im Vergleich zu jenen Fällen ohne zusätzliche Straffungsindikation deutlich unterscheiden. Dabei blieben diese Unterschiede nur unzureichend untersucht. In der vorliegenden Studie sollen diese zunächst quantifiziert und im Anschluss die Auswirkung der Brustdimension auf die Implantatauswahl eruiert werden. Zudem soll der Einfluss der Mastopexie auf das Outcome von Augmentationen mit runden nanotexturierten Silikonimplantaten evaluiert werden.
Patienten und Methoden Über einen Zweijahreszeitraum wurden alle Patientinnen mit primären Brustaugmentationen mit nanotexturierten Implantaten in die Studie eingeschlossen. Soziodemografische Daten, präoperative Brustmaße, Spezifikationen der eingesetzten Implantate und Komplikationen der Augmentationsgruppe ohne Straffung wurden mit jenen der Gruppe mit AM verglichen. Die Zufriedenheit der Patientinnen und der Operateure wurde mittels Likert-Skalen dokumentiert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 206 Brustaugmentationen bei n = 103 Patientinnen durchgeführt. Das mittlere Follow-up betrug 24,0 ± 4,3 Monate. Im Vergleich zur Augmentation ohne Straffungsindikation lagen bei der AM breitere Brustbasen und größere präoperative Körbchengrößen vor, p < 0,001. In der Folge wurden bei der AM Implantate mit breiteren Durchmessern und niedrigeren Volumina (p < 0,05) ausgewählt, welche mit geringeren Projektionen verbunden waren, p < 0,001. Die Gesamtrevisionsraten nach Augmentationen ohne (n = 51) und mit Straffung (n = 52) betrugen 5,9 % und 19,2 %, p < 0,05. Die AM erhöhte gewebebedingte Revisionen von 2,0 % auf 13,4 % (p < 0,05) ohne Einfluss auf implantatbedingte Revisionen (3,9 % vs. 5,8 %, p = 0,663). Die Gesamtinzidenz von Kapselkontrakturen lag bei 1,9 %. In beiden Gruppen zeigte sich eine annähernd gleichhohe Zufriedenheit.
Schlussfolgerung Im Vergleich zu Augmentationen ohne Straffung führen präoperativ breitere Brustbasen und größere Brustvolumina zur Auswahl von signifikant unterschiedlichen Implantatdimensionen bei der AM. Nanotexturierte Implantate sind verbunden mit niedrigen Komplikationsraten, wobei ein erhöhtes Risiko für gewebebedingte Revisionen nach AM verbleibt. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um eventuelle Vor- und Nachteile gegenüber etablierten Implantaten zu evaluieren.
Granuloma anulare, Necrobiosis lipoidica und deren Assoziation zu Adipositas, Diabetes mellitus und hämatologischen Malignomen
Authors: Müller C. S. L. , Shabani M. , Wagenpfeil G. , Vogt T. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Granuloma anulare und die Necrobiosis lipoidica sind zwei selten auftretende Dermatosen mit Gynäkotropie und granulomatöser feingeweblicher Komponente und meist therapierefraktärem hoch-chronischen Verlauf. Assoziationen mit einem Diabetes mellitus, Schilddrüsenerkrankungen und Dyslipidämie wurden schon länger vermutet, konnten jedoch bisher nicht sicher statistisch nachgewiesen werden.
Rezidivierende Harnwegsinfektionen – was tun?
Authors: Faßl Daniel , Wagenlehner Florian 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHarnwegsinfektionen zählen zu den häufigsten bakteriellen Infektionen. Einen nicht geringen Anteil stellen rezidivierende Harnwegsinfekte dar, was bei den Patientinnen zu Beeinträchtigungen vor allem bei körperlicher Intimität, Sozialkontakten und Arbeitsfähigkeit führt. Hilfe bei Diagnosestellung und Verlaufsbeurteilung kann der standardisierte Fragebogen ACSS geben.Neben allgemeiner Aufklärung und Beratung über Risikofaktoren von Harnwegsinfektionen sind vor allem die nicht-antibiotischen Therapieoptionen zur Rezidivreduktion wichtig. Ziele hiervon sind Resistenzentwicklungen und den entsprechenden unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen von Antibiotika vorzubeugen. Zu den nicht-antibiotischen Strategien zählen allen voran eine persönliche Beratung mit Vermittlung von Verhaltensempfehlungen, die Immunoprophylaxe, Phytotherapeutika, sowie eine lokale Östrogensubstitution. Bei hohem Leidensdruck der Patientinnen ist jedoch nach entsprechender Abwägung auch eine antibiotische Prophylaxe in Betracht zu ziehen. Zusammenfassend sollte eine individuelle Beratung erfolgen und mit einem multimodalen Therapieansatz behandelt werden.
Heilsame Bewegung im System
Authors: Cicekten Alphan 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWelche Rolle spielt das Familiensystem bei chronischen Erkrankungen, und wie können Familienaufstellungen hier unbewusste Zusammenhänge ans Licht bringen? Inwieweit ist Aufstellungsarbeit auch Traumatherapie – und wie kann eine heilsame Bewegung im System entstehen? Ein Gespräch mit dem Heilpraktiker und Systemaufsteller Stephan Hausner.