bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulforaphane Induces Transient Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated DNA Damage in HeLa Cells
Authors: Kobayashi Sakine , Nishiba Seiya , Sato Chinatsu , Toriumi Kazuya , Someya Yuduki , Adachi Noritaka , Takeda Shigeki , Kurosawa Aya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in plants of the Brassicaceae family, possesses antioxidant, apoptosis‐inducing, and radiosensitizing effects. As one of the mechanisms of cytotoxicity by SFN, SFN has been suggested to be involved in the induction of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair. Recently, we reported on the potency of SFN in inducing single‐ended double‐strand breaks (DSBs) that are caused by the collision of replication forks with single‐strand breaks (SSBs). However, the mechanism of SSB accumulation by SFN remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of SFN on SSB‐inducing factors in HeLa cells. Although the inhibitory effect of SFN on DNA topoisomerase I was not observed, we found that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH; an antioxidant) level was decreased in an SFN concentration‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of ascorbic acid partially increased the viability of SFN‐treated HeLa cells. We subsequently observed that poly(ADP‐ribose) accumulated in SFN‐treated HeLa cells, which occurs during early SSB repair. Collectively, these findings suggest that SFN may transiently induce SSBs via reactive oxygen species in HeLa cells.
A Reduced Order Model for Sea Water Intrusion Simulation Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Geranmehr Mohammadali , Bau Domenico , Mayer Alex S. , Yu Weijiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSea water intrusion (SWI) simulators are essential tools to assist the sustainable management of coastal aquifers. These simulators require the solution of coupled variable‐density partial differential equations (PDEs), which reproduce the processes of groundwater flow and dissolved salt transport. The solution of these PDEs is typically addressed numerically with the use of density‐dependent flow simulators, which are computationally intensive in most practical applications. To this end, model surrogates are generally developed as substitutes for full‐scale aquifer models to trade off accuracy in exchange for computational efficiency. Surrogates represent an attractive option to support groundwater management situations in which fast simulators are required to evaluate large sets of alternative pumping strategies. Reduced‐order models, a sub‐category of surrogate models, are based on the original model equations and may provide quite accurate results at a small fraction of computational cost. In this study, a variable‐density flow reduced‐order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and utilizing a fully coupled flow and solute‐transport model is implemented with a finite‐difference (FD) approach for simulating SWI in coastal aquifers. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the FD‐POD approach for both homogeneous and—more realistic—heterogeneous systems are investigated using test cases based on the classic Henry's problem (Henry 1964). The findings demonstrate that the combined FD‐POD approach is effective in terms of both accuracy and computational gain and can accommodate the output of the most popular variable‐density flow models, such as those from USGS's MODFLOW family.
Steatotic liver index: An interpretable predictor of steatotic liver disease using machine learning with an enhanced shrinkage method
Authors: Okada Akira , Oba Koji , Kimura Takeshi , Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Ono Sachiko , Kurakawa Kayo Ikeda , Michihata Nobuaki , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Nangaku Masaomi , Matsuyama Yutaka , Kadowaki Takashi , Yamaguchi Satoko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimWhile the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) has been the most prominent among interpretable predictors for steatotic liver disease (SLD), we aimed to prepare a novel diagnostic/prognostic index better than FLI for SLD using a non‐black‐box and modified parsimonious machine learning method.MethodsWe included individuals who participated in an annual health checkup in Tokyo, Japan, between January 2008 and December 2018. In the training set (randomly selected 80% of the sample), we developed a novel interpretable model, Steatotic Liver Index (SLI), using a modified method of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression focusing on parsimony and interpretability using as few variables as FLI, and confirming its superiority to FLI using the test set (the remaining 20%). The predictive performance of the constructed index was assessed for the diagnosis, development, and remission of SLD.ResultsAmong ultrasound data of 92 968 participants at the first health checkup, 20 380 (21.9%) had SLD. Using a modified method of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, SLI was constructed with four variables: body mass index, waist circumference, alanine aminotransferase, and triglycerides. The C‐statistic of SLI for SLD diagnosis was superior to that of FLI (0.909 vs. 0.892, p < 0.001). In participants without SLD, SLI was more accurate than FLI in predicting SLD development, whereas among those with SLD, SLI showed better accuracy in predicting SLD remission compared with FLI.ConclusionsWe developed SLI, a novel interpretable and parsimonious index for diagnosing SLD, which demonstrates superior predictive capability compared with FLI. Further studies are necessary to validate the diagnostic ability outside Japan.
Linoleic Acid Enhances Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Autophagy Caused by Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals
Authors: Ma Weiming , Wei Wanqing , Dong Yang , Zhao Yan , Xia Tian , Wang Xitao , Han Conghui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHigh intake of dietary linoleic acid may increase the incidence of many diseases. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of linoleic acid on the damage caused by calcium oxalate kidney stones on renal tubular epithelial cells. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals were prepared and used to treat HK‐2 cells, which were further treated with different concentrations of linoleic acid in vitro. Also, a small‐interfering RNA lentiviral vector of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) was constructed and transfected into HK‐2 cells. The cell viability, level of intracellular ROS and autophagy were tested. In vivo experiments were also carried out with a rat model for renal urolithiasis treated with linoleic acid. The results indicated that COM crystals promoted crystal deposition and apoptosis, increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels and inhibited the proliferation of HK‐2 cells. Linoleic acid exacerbated the damage of COM crystal‐treated HK‐2 cells and renal tubular epithelial cells of the rat model for renal urolithiasis, which can be partially reversed by downregulation of MFGE8. These results collectively suggest that linoleic acid might enhance the damage of renal tubular epithelial cells caused by COM crystals.
Polymer‐Based Toothpastes and Their Ability in Control Tooth Extrinsic Stain
Authors: Garcia Raissa Manoel , Rigo Letícia Maria Balbino , Lima Leonardo Custódio , Sakae Leticia Oba , Cavalli Vanessa , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Scaramucci Taís 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo synthesize experimental toothpastes (ETs) containing four different polymers (sodium linear polyphosphate [LPP]; chitosan [CHI]; sodium hexametaphosphate [HMP]; and sodium pyrophosphate [PP]) and test their ability in preventing and removing tooth extrinsic stain.MethodsThe tooth specimens were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 10): control (artificial saliva), regular toothpaste (RT—no whitening claim), ET 5% LPP, ET 0.5% CHI, ET 5% HMP, and ET 5% PP. Each cycle consisted of chlorhexidine (2 min), staining broth (30 min), artificial saliva (30 min), brushing (45 strokes), and artificial saliva (30 min). Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were assessed at baseline and after 21 cycles. ΔEab, ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔL, Δa, and Δb were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey test, at a 5% significance level.ResultsET 5% PP showed lower ΔEab and ΔE00 than the control and RT (p < 0.01). For ΔWID, PP showed a higher value. For ΔL (p = 0.265) and Δb (p = 0.119), there were no significant differences among the groups. For Δa (p = 0.01), ET 5% PP showed a difference with the control.ConclusionsThe ETs showed a similar effect in preventing and removing tooth extrinsic stains. However, the sodium pyrophosphate‐containing toothpaste was the only one with a superior effect in comparison with RT or brushing without toothpaste.Clinical SignificanceThe use of toothpastes for managing tooth extrinsic stains is a common approach in dentistry. In addition to the abrasives, their effect can be further enhanced by the presence of some polymers. Toothpastes containing sodium pyrophosphate demonstrated a superior ability to control tooth extrinsic stains.
The silver king in the Magic City: Observation of Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus aggregation off Miami, Florida
Authors: Saltzman Julia , Hawkins Cliff , Macdonald Catherine C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to the logistical and financial challenges in studying migratory marine species, there is relatively limited knowledge of the reproductive biology, behavior, and habitat use of many ecologically important marine megafauna species, including the Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus. Here, we present a novel observation using consumer‐grade aerial drones to observe, quantify the scale of, and classify behaviors within a previously unreported tarpon aggregation (N = 182) over the course of a 2‐day fish aggregation event. After the event, we analysed and compared observed behaviors (e.g., cruising and clustering) with those of other fish species with well‐documented reproductive behaviors, revealing behaviors potentially consistent with courtship, leading us to believe this to be a possible spawning aggregation or aggregation of reproductive/migratory significance. This aggregation occurred in highly altered and urbanized habitat off the coast of South Florida, during the winter, and outside of tarpon's previously reported spring and summer spawning season. Although few studies to date have used drones to monitor teleosts, this study reinforces their potential value as a tool for monitoring fish populations, behavior, and movement.
Can We Improve Geriatrics Recruitment? An Analysis of U.S. Geriatrics Fellowship Programs on X
Authors: Ruiz Eloy F. , Ponce Oscar J. , Fernandez Helen M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic accelerated the shift from in‐person to virtual recruitment, prompting residency and fellowship programs to adopt innovative strategies, such as leveraging social media platforms to attract applicants and enhance visibility. Our aim was to identify and describe the presence of U.S. geriatric medicine fellowship programs on X.MethodsWe identified all U.S. geriatric medicine fellowship programs using FREIDA, and then located their X accounts through a stepwise process. Data were collected on account creation, number of followers, posts, and activity level, with an analysis of the last 100 posts from the most active accounts. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong the 147 geriatric medicine fellowship programs identified, 38 (25.9%) had an X account. The majority of accounts were created after the start of the pandemic, reflecting likely the adaptation to virtual recruitment processes. Only a few accounts generated the majority of posts and followers. The accounts primarily posted or reposted educational content, research highlights, and promotional material.ConclusionThe use of X by geriatric medicine programs is still significantly underutilized, with only one‐fourth of them having an account. Half of the accounts were created after the COVID‐19 pandemic began. Programs should focus on building a robust social media presence to increase their visibility, especially as virtual interviews have become a permanent part of recruitment.
Proactive Management of Lactation in the Birth Hospital to Ensure Long‐Term Milk Production and Sustainable Breastfeeding
Authors: Spatz Diane L. , Álvarez Rodríguez Salomé , Benjilany Sarah , Finderle Barbara , von Gartzen Aleyd , Yates Ann , Brumley Jessica 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIndividuals who are at risk of not achieving a full milk supply are often overlooked in scientific literature. There is available guidance to help establish an adequate milk supply for healthy individuals experiencing a physiologic labor and birth, and there are robust recommendations for the lactating parents of small, sick, and preterm newborns to ensure that these newborns can receive human milk. Missing from the literature are clinical practice guidelines that address the preexisting health, pregnancy, birth, or newborn‐related risk factors for suboptimal lactation. This can include risk factors that impact secretory activation or newborns who may not attach and suckle effectively to provide the stimulation and removal necessary to reach full milk volume. Secretory activation can only occur after the birth of the newborn and the placenta, with milk volume being established during the first weeks of breastfeeding. Recognizing this gap, over the past 2 years, an international group of midwives led by a doctoral nurse scientist in lactation conducted an extensive literature review to identify the most significant risk factors that can disrupt normal physiologic lactation. Our group sought to establish proactive lactation management strategies to ensure long‐term milk production. We developed an evidence‐based perinatal operational breastfeeding plan alongside clinical pathways to guide health care professionals in assessment, care, and necessary education for families who present with risk. Our goal is for midwives and other health care professionals to integrate the perinatal operational breastfeeding plan into practice and use these pathways to ensure (1) timely and effective secretory activation, (2) building a milk supply as robust as feasible for personal situations and conditions, (3) more newborns receiving more human milk and (4) more families achieving their personal breastfeeding goals.
Earlier diagnosis of small intestine neuroendocrine tumours (SI‐NETs) through transformation of the South Wales NET service
Authors: Gould Harriet L. , Amin Kapish , Karategos Thanos , Abbas Sarah , Olive Susannah , Sivananthan Mathoorika , Rela Ayeesha , Reed Harriet , Powell Catherine , Navaratnam Janu , Ellis‐Owen Rwth , Fielding Patrick , Mondal Dipanjali , Kihara Steve , Williams Gethin , Morgan Carys , Witczak Justyna , Cornish Julie , Gwynne Sarah , Horwood James , Torkington Jared , Hargest Rachel , Christian Adam , Davies Michael , Ansell James , Khan Mohid S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSmall intestine neuroendocrine tumours (SI‐NETs) are often diagnosed late with a UK median of 3 years and high misdiagnosis rates. Previous studies, largely based on patient surveys, offer little data on improving diagnosis. In 2017, the South Wales NET service underwent a nationally commissioned, systematic transformation, aiming to improve diagnosis through the development of a gastroenterology and surgical referral network, and education of these specialities. This study aims to assess the impact of the transformation on SI‐NET diagnosis times and misdiagnosis rates using accurate hospital data, along with the diagnostic routes and investigations used for SI‐NETs. We retrospectively analysed the hospital records of 224 patients diagnosed with SI‐NETs referred to the South Wales NET service (110 pre‐transformation and 114 post‐transformation). Following the service transformation, there was a significant reduction in diagnosis times from a median of 12.5–5.2 months (p < .05), at an earlier stage (cases with metastases reduced from 77% to 62%), and reduced misdiagnosis rates from 40% to 25%. Colonoscopy, used to investigate the presenting gastrointestinal symptoms in 42% of patients prior to diagnosis, identified an abnormality in only 28%, compared with 97% with computed tomography (CT) scans. A gastroenterology and surgical referral network across hospitals may improve diagnosis in SI‐NETs, leading to earlier detection and reducing misdiagnosis rates. Further exploration of GP interactions is needed. Caution is needed following negative colonoscopy in patients with persistent lower gastrointestinal symptoms as this could lead to missed SI‐NET diagnosis if further abdominal imaging is not undertaken.
Central regulation of drinking water in divergently selected high‐water‐efficient young broiler chickens: A minireview
Authors: Roach Brooklee , Greene Elizabeth S. , Dridi Sami 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPoultry production is confronting real challenges, including a lofty projected high demand for animal proteins to feed the future, and the need to adapt to planetary boundaries (global warming) with limited natural resources (land, energy, water). Among the most challenging stressors to poultry production sustainability are heat stress (HS) and water uncertainty, that need extensive fundamental and applied research to identify effective strategies. In that regard, our group has recently developed a high‐water‐efficient broiler (meat‐type) chicken line using water conversion ratio (WCR) as a phenotypic trait and defined the hypothalamic molecular mechanisms controlling drinking water under heat stress conditions. In response to the invitation from the Organizing Committee of the 13th International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology (ISAE 2024), the present review summarizes these data and closes the chapter by asking questions for future investigations. Data showed that HS exposure increased core body temperature (CBT) of both lines, with higher degree in HWE than in LWE counterparts. Despite this increase in CBT, HWE line drank less water but had superior performance with better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and WCR than LWE line. Molecular analyses showed that hypothalamic drinking‐related neuropeptides (arginine vasopressin system, aquaporin system, renin, and angiotensin system) are affected in line‐ and/or environmental‐dependent manner. Together, our research outcome indicates that the divergent selection for water efficiency could be an effective strategy to preserve water while maintaining optimal growth performance and could be applied to other poultry species and livestock.
Achilles tenocytes from diabetic and non diabetic donors exposed to hyperglycemia respond differentially to inflammatory stimuli and stretch
Authors: Fleischmann Nils , Hofmann Sarah , Gögele Clemens , Frank Eva , Werner Christian , Kokozidou Maria , Hoffmann Bernd , Konrad Jens , Schulze‐Tanzil Gundula 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) promotes Achilles tendon (AS) degeneration and exercise could modulate features of DMT2. Hence, this study investigated whether tenocytes of non DMT2 and DMT2 rats respond differently to normo‐ (NG) and hyperglycemic (HG) conditions in the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α or cyclic stretch. AS tenocytes, isolated from DMT2 (fa/fa) or non DMT2 (lean, fa/+) adult Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, were treated with 10 ng/mL TNFα either under NG or HG conditions (1 g/L vs. 4.5 g/L glucose) and were exposed to cyclic stretch (14%, 0.3 Hz, 48 h). Tenocyte survival, metabolic activity, gene and/or protein expression of tendon extracellular matrix component collagen type 1, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA, Acta2), the stress defense enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (Hmox1) as well as suppressors of cytokine signaling (Socs)1 and Socs3 were analyzed. Tenocyte vitality remained high, but metabolic activity was slightly impaired by HG conditions irrespectively of cell origin. Collagen type 1 alpha protein and gene expression was suppressed by TNFα, but only in cells of non DMT2 animals in NG culture medium. Higher amounts of αSMA were visualized in tendons/tenocytes of diabetic rats or those exposed to TNFα. Cyclic stretch caused cell alignment in zero stretch direction. In addition, it led to a significant reduction of cell perimeters, particularly in cells of DMT2 donor rats under HG conditions. Hmox1, Socs1 and Socs3 were induced by HG, but only in tenocytes of diabetic rats (4 h). Stretch induced significantly Hmox1 transcriptional activity under NG conditions and Socs3 under HG conditions especially in tenocytes of DMT2 rats. The response of tenocytes to TNFα and cyclic stretch depends on glucose supply and origin suggesting their irreversible impairment by DMT2.
Thoracic and abdominal diagnostic imaging findings in dogs diagnosed with immune‐mediated polyarthritis: 71 cases (2011‐2023)
Authors: Atkinson L. , Schiborra F. , O'Connell E. , Barton J. , Humphreys W. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo describe thoracic and abdominal imaging findings in dogs with immune‐mediated polyarthritis and to evaluate their impact on the decision to commence immunosuppressive therapy.Materials and MethodsRetrospective case series describing imaging findings in dogs with immune‐mediated polyarthritis across modalities, including thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and where available, echocardiography. Additionally, two internal medicine clinicians reviewed the signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings and diagnostic imaging results on two separate occasions, reaching a consensus for each dog on whether immunosuppression would be their treatment of choice or whether their recommendations would be altered by the results of diagnostic imaging.ResultsSeventy‐one dogs met the inclusion criteria. Abnormal diagnostic imaging findings were identified in 25.4% (18/71) of dogs. Thoracic radiography did not identify significant imaging findings in any of the dogs. Lymphadenomegaly was the most commonly reported finding on computed tomography (32/40) and abdominal ultrasound (13/34). Neoplasia was identified in three dogs (3/71). Four (4/13) dogs had echocardiography findings consistent with endocarditis. Immunosuppression without performing diagnostic imaging would have been considered in 41 of 71 (57.7%) dogs, based on the signalment, presenting signs, results of physical examination and clinicopathological testing. Of these, 10 dogs (24.3%) had diagnostic imaging findings suggestive of an underlying trigger, therefore changing the clinician's decision to proceed with immunosuppression.Clinical SignificanceAbdominal imaging and echocardiography should be prioritised over thoracic radiography, in dogs with immune‐mediated polyarthritis. Signalment, presenting complaint, physical examination findings and clinicopathological results are not reliable predictors of abnormal diagnostic imaging findings in dogs with immune‐mediated polyarthritis.