bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of sagittal spinopelvic parameters in a Taiwanese population with spondylolysis by the EOS imaging system: a retrospective radiological analysis
Authors: Chuang Hao-Chun , Tseng Yu-Hsiang , Chen Yueh , Chou Po-Hsin , Chang Wei-Lun , Su Pei-Fang , Lin Cheng-Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The impact of sagittal spinopelvic alignment on spondylolysis is well established in Caucasian populations. However, prior studies suggest that people from different ethnological backgrounds showed divergence, and a few studies that focused on Asian populations reported conflicting results. The aim of this study is to use the EOS imaging system to evaluate the spinopelvic parameters of spondylolysis patients, and their relationship with spondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, and age in a Taiwanese population.

Methods
Radiographic sagittal spinopelvic parameters for 45 spondylolysis patients and 32 healthy people were evaluated, including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). The spinopelvic parameters were compared between spondylolytic and control groups. These parameters were further compared between spondylolytic subjects with and without spondylolisthesis, with and without high-grade disc degeneration, and young (< 30 years old) and middle-aged.

Results
The PI and LL of the spondylolytic group (52.6°±12.0° and 41.3°±15.2°) were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (47.16°±7.95° and 28.22°±10.65°). Further analysis of the spondylolytic patients revealed that those with high-grade disc degeneration were more prone to spondylolisthesis (92.3 %) compared to those without (50 %; p = 0.001). The middle-aged group had significantly higher rates of spondylolisthesis (80 %) and high-grade disc degeneration (52.4 %) compared with those for the young group (45 and 16.7 %, respectively; p = 0.017 and 0.047, respectively). No statistically significant difference in the sagittal spinopelvic parameters was found when spondylolytic patients were divided according to the occurrence of spondylolisthesis or high-grade disc degeneration.

Conclusions
In a Taiwanese population, PI and LL were significantly larger in spondylolytic patients. Disc degeneration and age were associated with the occurrence of spondylolisthesis. Ethnological differences should thus be taken into account when making clinical decisions regarding spondylolysis in a Taiwanese population.
Strain patterns in normal anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments and after anatomical reconstruction using gracilis tendon grafts: A cadaver study
Authors: Takao Masato , Lowe Danielle , Ozeki Satoru , Oliva Xavier M. , Inokuchi Ryota , Yamazaki Takayuki , Takeuchi Yoshitaka , Kubo Maya , Matsui Kentaro , Katakura Mai , Glazebrook Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Inversion ankle sprains, or lateral ankle sprains, often result in symptomatic lateral ankle instability, and some patients need lateral ankle ligament reconstruction to reduce pain, improve function, and prevent subsequent injuries. Although anatomically reconstructed ligaments should behave in a biomechanically normal manner, previous studies have not measured the strain patterns of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) after anatomical reconstruction. This study aimed to measure the strain patterns of normal and reconstructed ATFL and CFLs using the miniaturization ligament performance probe (MLPP) system.

Methods
The MLPP was sutured into the ligamentous bands of the ATFLs and CTLs of three freshly frozen cadaveric lower-extremity specimens. Each ankle was manually moved from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantar flexion, and a 1.2-N m force was applied to the ankle and subtalar joint complex.

Results
The normal and reconstructed ATFLs exhibited maximal strain (100) during supination in three-dimensional motion. Although the normal ATFLs were not strained during pronation, the reconstructed ATFLs demonstrated relative strain values of 16–36. During the axial motion, the normal ATFLs started to gradually tense at 0° plantar flexion, with the strain increasing as the plantar flexion angle increased, to a maximal value (100) at 30° plantar flexion; the reconstructed ATFLs showed similar strain patterns. Further, the normal CFLs exhibited maximal strain (100) during plantar flexion-abduction and relative strain values of 30–52 during dorsiflexion in three-dimensional motion. The reconstructed CFLs exhibited the most strain during dorsiflexion-adduction and demonstrated relative strain values of 29–62 during plantar flexion-abduction. During the axial motion, the normal CFLs started to gradually tense at 20° plantar flexion and 5° dorsiflexion.

Conclusion
Our results showed that the strain patterns of reconstructed ATFLs and CFLs are not similar to those of normal ATFLs and CFLs.
A core outcome set for studies evaluating interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium for adults requiring an acute care hospital admission: an international key stakeholder informed consensus study
Authors: Rose Louise , Burry Lisa , Agar Meera , Blackwood Bronagh , Campbell Noll L. , Clarke Mike , Devlin John W. , Lee Jacques , Marshall John C. , Needham Dale M. , Siddiqi Najma , Page Valerie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Trials of interventions to prevent or treat delirium in adults in an acute hospital setting report heterogeneous outcomes. Our objective was to develop international consensus among key stakeholders for a core outcome set (COS) for future trials of interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium in adults with an acute care hospital admission and not admitted to an intensive care unit.

Methods
A rigorous COS development process was used including a systematic review, qualitative interviews, modified Delphi consensus process, and in-person consensus using nominal group technique (registration http://www.comet- initiative.org/studies/details/796).
Participants in qualitative interviews were delirium survivors or family members. Participants in consensus methods comprised international representatives from three stakeholder groups: researchers, clinicians, and delirium survivors and family members.

Results
Item generation identified 8 delirium-specific outcomes and 71 other outcomes from 183 studies, and 30 outcomes from 18 qualitative interviews, including 2 that were not extracted from the systematic review. De-duplication of outcomes and formal consensus processes involving 110 experts including researchers (N = 32), clinicians (N = 63), and delirium survivors and family members (N = 15) resulted in a COS comprising 6 outcomes: delirium occurrence and reoccurrence, delirium severity, delirium duration, cognition, emotional distress, and health-related quality of life. Study limitations included exclusion of non-English studies and stakeholders and small representation of delirium survivors/family at the in-person consensus meeting.

Conclusions
This COS, endorsed by the American and Australian Delirium Societies and European Delirium Association, is recommended for future clinical trials evaluating delirium prevention or treatment interventions in adults presenting to an acute care hospital and not admitted to an intensive care unit.
A systematic review of prediction models to diagnose COVID-19 in adults admitted to healthcare centers
Authors: Locquet Médéa , Diep Anh Nguyet , Beaudart Charlotte , Dardenne Nadia , Brabant Christian , Bruyère Olivier , Donneau Anne-Françoise 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant pressure on the hospital system. To help clinicians in the rapid triage of patients at high risk of COVID-19 while waiting for RT-PCR results, different diagnostic prediction models have been developed. Our objective is to identify, compare, and evaluate performances of prediction models for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in adult patients in a health care setting.

Methods
A search for relevant references has been conducted on the MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Rigorous eligibility criteria have been established (e.g., adult participants, suspicion of COVID-19, medical setting) and applied by two independent investigators to identify suitable studies at 2 different stages: (1) titles and abstracts screening and (2) full-texts screening. Risk of bias (RoB) has been assessed using the Prediction model study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Data synthesis has been presented according to a narrative report of findings.

Results
Out of the 2334 references identified by the literature search, 13 articles have been included in our systematic review. The studies, carried out all over the world, were performed in 2020. The included articles proposed a model developed using different methods, namely, logistic regression, score, machine learning, XGBoost. All the included models performed well to discriminate adults at high risks of presenting COVID-19 (all area under the ROC curve (AUROC) > 0.500). The best AUROC was observed for the model of Kurstjens et al (AUROC = 0.940 (0.910–0.960), which was also the model that achieved the highest sensitivity (98%). RoB was evaluated as low in general.

Conclusion
Thirteen models have been developed since the start of the pandemic in order to diagnose COVID-19 in suspected patients from health care centers. All these models are effective, to varying degrees, in identifying whether patients were at high risk of having COVID-19.
Which species discovers novel food sources first? A camera trap study in a natural environment
Authors: Randler Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBirds underlie a predation-starvation risk, and foraging should show a diurnal/circadian pattern. Camera traps were used to study visitation patterns and discovery of a novel food source in woodland birds in SW Germany. A total of 18 species occurred at feeders with nine of them being exploratory species. Great Tits (Parus major) discovered novel food sources first in most instances, and first discoveries occurred on average at 10:38, while it took 97 h for the first detection of the food source. Population size was correlated with discovery. The study supports the predation-starvation risk hypothesis with discovery of food sources in the morning.
How text sentiment moderates the impact of motivational cues on crowdfunding campaigns
Authors: Yuan Xiang , Wang Luyao , Yin Xicheng , Wang Hongwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArousing funders’ motives for crowdfunding participation is a challenge for every entrepreneur. According to self-determination theory, crowdfunding involvement is driven by two kinds of motivations: extrinsic and intrinsic motives. Campaign narratives with different sentimental orientations could act as cues triggering funders’ motives of capital-giving differently. Thus, we focus on the moderating effect of text sentiment on the motivational cues in crowdfunding campaigns. We hypothesize that the sentiment of campaign narratives moderates the relationship between motivational cues and fundraising success. Data are selected from 270,000 campaigns of the crowdfunding website Indiegogo. Empirical analysis demonstrates that the sentiment strength positively moderates the effect of intrinsic motives on fundraising success but negatively moderates the impact of extrinsic motives on fundraising success. The findings provide managerial insights for practitioners to stimulate specified motives by using the narratives with proper sentiment strength.
Do the RMB exchange rate and global commodity prices have asymmetric or symmetric effects on China’s stock prices?
Authors: Long Shaobo , Zhang Mengxue , Li Keaobo , Wu Shuyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the rapid expansion of the RMB exchange rate’s floating range, the effects of the RMB exchange rate and global commodity price changes on China’s stock prices are likely to increase. This study uses both auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) approaches to explore the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the RMB exchange rate and global commodity prices on China’s stock prices.
Our findings show that without considering the critical variable of global commodity prices, there is no cointegration relationship between the RMB exchange rate and China’s stock prices, and the coefficient of the RMB exchange rate is not statistically significant. However, when we introduce global commodity prices into the NARDL model, the result shows that the RMB exchange rate has a negative effect on China’s stock prices, that there indeed exists a long-run cointegration relationship among the RMB exchange rate, global commodity prices, and stock prices in the NARDL model, and that global commodity price changes have an asymmetric effect on China’s stock prices in the long run. Specifically, China’s stock prices are more sensitive to increases than decreases in global commodity prices. Thus, increases in global commodity prices cause China’s stock prices to decline sharply. In contrast, the same magnitude of decline in global commodity prices induces a smaller increase in China’s stock prices.
Role of CT scan thorax in nCovid19—a case-based review
Authors: Moleyar Vishnu sharma , Noojibail Anupama , I Nagaraj shetty , D S Harsha , M Nithish Bhandary 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost of the morbidity and mortality in nCovid19 is due to pneumonia which can be reduced by early diagnosis and treatment. Chest CT scan plays an important role in the early diagnosis and management of respiratory complications due to nCovid19. Clinicians should be aware about the indications for the CT scan of the thorax, timing of investigation, and limitations of CT.Main body of abstractChest CT scan is indicated in patients with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms and pretest probability of nCovid19 infection, when RT-PCR test results are negative, and in patients for whom an RT-PCR test is not performed or not readily available. When a rapid antigen test is negative and an RT-PCR test report takes time, CT can be used in seriously ill patients to decide whether it is COVID or not. For patients who are dependent on oxygen even after 2 weeks, CT may help to show the extent of lung involvement and predict long-term prognosis. CT may be done to exclude nCovid19 pneumonia. For patients with high risk for nCovid19 who require an immediate diagnosis to rule out lung involvement, CT can be done. A normal CT excludes nCovid19 pneumonia. CT scan is required in confirmed cases of nCovid19 pneumonia when complications are suspected clinically. These include pulmonary thromboembolism, pneumothorax, mediastinal/surgical emphysema, bacterial pneumonia, and unexplained deterioration with new shadows in chest X-ray. CT pulmonary angiogram is indicated when pulmonary embolism is suspected, and in other cases, plain CT should be done. In pre-operative cases where emergency surgery is required, nCovid19 disease is suspected clinically, and RT-PCR report awaited or not available, CT thorax can be done.ConclusionCT scan is useful for early diagnosis of lung involvement, detection complications, triaging of cases, risk stratification, and preoperative evaluation in select cases. CT scan should be done only when there is a definite indication so to reduce radiation hazards and to reduce health care expenditure. Normal CT excludes nCovid19 lung involvement, but the patient may have upper respiratory involvement which may progress later to involve lungs.
Vitamin D deficiency in a high secure forensic psychiatry hospital: A clinical audit and service evaluation
Authors: Gillett George , Chudleigh-Warren Samantha , Hardy Benedict , Gordon Charles Robert 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo assess concordance with guidelines on monitoring vitamin D levels and prescribing prophylaxis or replacement. To assess the association between the implementation of local guidelines and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is associated with various adverse health outcomes including osteoporosis, fractures and myalgia. Most recently, vitamin D deficiency has been hypothesised as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include incarceration, ethnicity, diet and a diagnosis of psychiatric disorder. Vitamin D deficiency is known to be prevalent among individuals within forensic mental health institutions.Local Trust guidelines advise that vitamin D levels should be checked within one-month of hospital admission, followed by checks at three-monthly intervals. Recommendations for prescribing depend on patients’ vitamin D levels; deficient (<25nmol/L), insufficient (25 < 50nmol/L) or adequate (50-150nmol/L). We assessed concordance with these guidelines at Broadmoor Hospital, UK.MethodMedical records, laboratory results and drug charts were assessed for a total of 75 patients across 15 wards. Data were collected using a standardised audit tool, including; date of admission, admission vitamin D level, most recent vitamin D level and the dose and frequency of vitamin D prescribed.Result76.4% of patients had their vitamin D levels checked within one month of admission. 66.7% of patients had their vitamin D checked within the last 3 months. For patients with an admission vitamin D level recorded, 43.6% had deficient vitamin D levels, 43.6% had insufficient levels and 12.7% had adequate levels. For patients with a more recent serum vitamin D level, 14.5% had deficient levels, 38.7% had insufficient levels and 46.8% had adequate levels. For patients with a documented serum vitamin D level, 21.4% were prescribed the correct dose, 22.9% were under-dosed, 14.3% were over-dosed and 41.4% received no dose where guidelines suggested they should.ConclusionComparison of admission and most recent vitamin D levels suggests a general improvement in prevalence of vitamin D deficiency associated with the implementation of local guidelines. However, we identify significant areas for improvement. A substantial proportion of patients lacked admission or regular monitoring of vitamin D levels and a substantial proportion of patients were under-dosed or received no dose where guidelines suggested they should have. We propose that better concordance with guidelines may improve clinical outcomes further. This may prove especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic, given a potential association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of respiratory infection.
Validation of the internet addiction test (IAT) to Sinhalese and assessment of internet addiction among school children in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunathillaka Kavinda , Wijesinghe Chamara , Gunasekera Trivon , Premathilake Bhagye , Rodrigo Asiri , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , Kuruppuarachchi Lalith 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo translate Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to Sinhalese and validate for use in a Sri Lankan population. Following validation of the questionnaire, to use the validated questionnaire to assess the prevalence of internet addiction in a school going population in the Western province of Sri Lanka and identify characteristics of those addicted to the internet.BackgroundThe internet is widely used across the world and in Sri Lanka. Though essential for everyday life there are many negative aspects of internet use. Addiction to the internet is one such problem and identified to exist among the general population and students in other countries. The most common tool used to measure internet addiction is Young's internet addiction test. The phenomena of internet addiction has not been scientifically studied in Sri Lanka according to our knowledge.MethodA school-based cross-sectional analytical study conducted in two stages among students aged 15 to 19 years. In stage 1 of the study, 200 students were administered the Sinhalese translation of the IAT and internal consistency and test retest validity assessed. Once validation of the scale was established the translated scale was used on a sample of 2800 students to assess presence of internet addiction.ResultThe Sinhala translation of the Internet addiction test showed good reliability and validity The Chrohnbach's alpha value was 0.78 and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85 and therefore suitable to use in a Sinhalese speaking population in Sri Lanka.Internet addiction was identified among the study population. 8% of the entire study sample and 12.6% among those using the internet showed features of internet addiction. The majority of cases of internet addiction identified were mild 8.2% followed by moderate internet addiction in 3.6% and only 0.9 % having severe internet addiction. There were no significant demographic or internet use related features identified among those with internet users and those not addicted to the internet.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the Sinhala translation of Young's IAT is suitable to assess internet addiction in Sri Lanka. It also identified that there are students in Sri Lanka who are addicted to the internet. This will possibly impact negatively on their lives at a crucial stage of development and have immediate as well as long term detrimental effects. More studies are required to identify characteristics of those who are addicted to the internet and to plan interventions.
Differential attainment in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Varma Shreya , Gulati Radhika , Rishi Natasha , Khan Nagina , Shankar Rohit , Dave Subodh 
Published: June 2021

AimsDifferential attainment (DA) amongst Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) medical students and postgraduate trainees including Psychiatry trainees has been extensively documented in medical education, with non-white medical students being 2.5 times more likely to fail high-stake examinations compared to their White counterparts. The Equality Act 2010 places a responsibility on public bodies such as Royal Colleges to address discrimination in training and assessment. Understanding DA in undergraduate medical education can help understand DA in the postgraduate setting. Consequently, this systematic review aims to detect the processes that enable and impede DA in UK undergraduate medical education.MethodSeven online databases including PubMed, Scopus, PyschInfo, and ERIC were searched. A formal grey literature search was also conducted. Inclusion criteria comprised studies dated from January 1995 to present and included UK undergraduate medical students. We present the preliminary findings from 13 papers, analysed to create a conceptual framework for a further mixed methods analysis. The studies were critically appraised for methodological quality.ResultFive key themes emerged from the preliminary analysis of 13 papers. BAME students experienced:Being ‘divergent’: Not feeling part of the current organisational learning milieuLack of social capital: Difficulty in being absorbed into existing ‘networks’ of relationships in a manner that is ‘approachable’ and not ‘intimidating’Continuum of discrimination: ‘Indirect’ impact of subtle communication processes in the learning environment undermining individual ‘belief’ in own performanceInstitutional discriminatory factors: Culture, rules, norms, and behavioural routines of educators that lead to differential outcomes for learnersLack of external support: Relative lack of interventions tackling DA.ConclusionThe key finding of this review is that British BAME undergraduate medical students experience discriminatory behaviours early in medical schools that impact on personal, educational, and professional outcomes. These factors may need to be borne in mind by postgraduate training organisations such as the Royal College of Psychiatrists as they commence the challenging task of addressing DA.