bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining distal symmetrical polyneuropathy features in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Galosi Eleonora , Hu Xiaoli , Michael Nivatha , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Truini Andrea , Karlsson Páll 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy is among the most frequent complications of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and commonly manifests as a distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN). Despite evidence that T1DM- and T2DM-related DSPN are separate entities, most of our knowledge on diabetic DSPN derives from studies focused on type 2 diabetes. This systematic review provides an overview of current evidence on DSPN in T1DM, including its epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical features, along with principal diagnostic tests findings. This review included 182 clinical and preclinical studies. The results indicate that DSPN is a less frequent complication in T1DM compared with T2DM and that distinctive pathophysiological mechanisms underlie T1DM-related DSPN development, with hyperglycemia as a major determinant. T1DM-related DSPN more frequently manifests with non-painful than painful symptoms, with lower neuropathic pain prevalence compared with T2DM-associated DSPN. The overt clinical picture seems characterized by a higher prevalence of large fiber-related clinical signs (e.g., ankle reflexes reduction and vibration hypoesthesia) and to a lesser extent small fiber damage (e.g., thermal or pinprick hypoesthesia). These findings as a whole suggest that large fibers impairment plays a dominant role in the clinical picture of symptomatic T1DM-related DSPN. Nevertheless, small fiber diagnostic testing shows high diagnostic accuracy in detecting early nerve damage and may be an appropriate diagnostic tool for disease monitoring and screening.
Challenges and Some Recommendations Related to Estimation of in-situ Swelling Pressure of Gouge Materials
Authors: Nilsen Bjørn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFaults/weakness zones with gouge containing swelling clay (smectite) have in several cases caused serious stability problems in tunnels. The first part of this paper describes briefly some recent cases of instability/cave-in where swelling clay has been a main cause of the incident, followed by brief reviews of structure and properties of smectite and relevant laboratory test procedures. Main focus is placed on swelling pressure, which is a key parameter for understanding the potential problems that may develop when crossing a major fault/weakness zone, and a key factor also for analysis of stability and rock support requirement. Laboratory test results presented in this paper illustrate that swelling pressure may vary considerably between different locations of the same zone, and that test results based on standard laboratory preparation do not correspond well with results based on testing of in situ undisturbed samples. Swelling pressure based on laboratory testing, therefore, should not be used directly in stability analysis and rock support design. Recommendations on proper use of laboratory test data are given at the end of the paper.
Supremum, infimum and hyperlimits in the non-Archimedean ring of Colombeau generalized numbers
Authors: Mukhammadiev A. , Tiwari D. , Apaaboah G. , Giordano P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is well-known that the notion of limit in the sharp topology of sequences of Colombeau generalized numbers$$\widetilde{\mathbb {R}}$$R~does not generalize classical results. E.g. the sequence$$\frac{1}{n}\not \rightarrow 0$$1n↛0and a sequence$$(x_{n})_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$(xn)n∈Nconvergesifand only if$$x_{n+1}-x_{n}\rightarrow 0$$xn+1-xn→0. This has several deep consequences, e.g. in the study of series, analytic generalized functions, or sigma-additivity and classical limit theorems in integration of generalized functions. The lacking of these results is also connected to the fact that$$\widetilde{\mathbb {R}}$$R~is necessarily not a complete ordered set, e.g. the set of all the infinitesimals has neither supremum nor infimum. We present a solution of these problems with the introduction of the notions of hypernatural number, hypersequence, close supremum and infimum. In this way, we can generalize all the classical theorems for the hyperlimit of a hypersequence. The paper explores ideas that can be applied to other non-Archimedean settings.
A randomized controlled trial of a new intervention in early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examinations: PR-ESSENCE
Authors: Johnson Mats , Gillberg Carina , Vinsa Ingrid , Fransson Gunnar , Samuelsson Lena , Jakobsson Klara , Östlund Sven , Fernell Elisabeth , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe need for effective intervention programs for youth with neurodevelopmental problems (ESSENCE) and challenging behaviour is great. This study examines Problem Resolution in ESSENCE (PR-ESSENCE), a newly developed model in which children and parents develop mutual problem resolution strategies. Ten-week randomized controlled trial of PR-ESSENCE for children and adolescents aged 5–18 years, compared to treatment as usual. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and randomized period endpoint. Primary outcome was the Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scale (CGI-I) rated by blinded assessors. Secondary outcomes were rated by parents—SNAP-IV, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), Relationship Problems Questionnaire, Family Burden of Illness Module, and children—Beck Youth Inventories (BYI). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03780413. The study enrolled 108 participants (activen = 72; controlsn = 36, randomized 2:1), of whom 95 completed the randomized period. No clinically significant group differences were found in baseline characteristics. More than half had autism and 80% had ADD or ADHD. Large treatment effects were seen on CGI-I (ITT analysis, Effect Size 1.48). Treatment responders, much/very much improved on CGI-I, were 51.4% in active group and 5.6% of controls. Effect sizes were medium to large in parent ratings on SNAP-IV (ODD and ADHD symptoms), ECBI (behaviour problems), and in BYI child self-ratings of disruptive behaviour. PR-ESSENCE treatment improved global symptoms and functioning (CGI-I), behaviour problems, ADHD and ODD symptoms, and disruptive behaviour. Treatment effects were at least equivalent to those in previous studies of well-established Parent Management Training and Collaborative Problem Solving programs.
Early outcomes of component separation techniques: an analysis of the Spanish registry of incisional Hernia (EVEREG)
Authors: Pereira-Rodriguez J. A. , Bravo-Salva A. , Montcusí-Ventura B. , Hernández-Granados P. , Rodrigues-Gonçalves V. , López-Cano M. ,   the EVEREG Registry Members
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim
To analyze the outcomes of component separation techniques (CST) to treat incisional hernias (IH) in a large multicenter cohort of patients.

Methods
All IH repair using CST, registered in EVEREG from July 2012 to December 2019, were included. Data on the pre-operative patient characteristics and comorbidities, IH characteristics, surgical technique, complications, and recurrence were collected. Outcomes between anterior (ACS) and posterior component separation (PCS) techniques were compared. Risk factors for complications and recurrences were analyzed.

Results
During the study period, 1536 patients underwent CST (45.5% females) with a median age of 64.0 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 29.7 kg/m2. ACS was the most common technique (77.7%). Overall complications were frequent in both ACS and PCS techniques (36.5%), with a higher frequency of wound infection (10.6% vs. 7.0%; P = 0.05) and skin necrosis (4.4% vs. 0.1%; P < 0.0001) with the ACS technique. Main factors leading to major complications were mesh explant (OR 1.72; P = 0.001), previous repair (OR 0.75; P = 0.038), morbid obesity (OR 0.67; P = 0.015), ASA grade (OR 0.62; P < 0.0001), COPD (OR 0.52; P < 0.0001), and longitudinal diameter larger than 10 cm (OR 0.58; P = 0.001). After a minimum follow-up of 6 months (median 15 months; N = 590), 59 (10.0%) recurrences were diagnosed. Operations performed in a non-specialized unit were significantly associated with recurrences (HR 4.903, CI 1.64–14.65; P = 0.004).

Conclusion
CST is a complex procedure with a high rate of complications. Both ACS and PCS techniques have similar complication and recurrence rates. Operations performed in a specialized unit have better outcomes.
Polluted lignocellulose-bearing sediments as a resource for marketable goods—a review of potential technologies for biochemical and thermochemical processing and remediation
Authors: Haller Henrik , Paladino Gabriela , Dupaul Gabriel , Gamage Shiromini , Hadzhaoglu Burdzhu , Norström Sara , Eivazi Alireza , Holm Svante , Hedenström Erik , Jonsson Anders 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLignocellulose-bearing sediments are legacies of the previously unregulated wastewater discharge from the pulp and paper industry, causing large quantities of toxic organic waste on the Baltic Sea floor and on the bottom of rivers and lakes. Several km2 are covered with deposits of lignocellulosic residues, typically heavily contaminated with complex mixtures of organic and inorganic pollutants, posing a serious threat to human and ecological health. The high toxicity and the large volume of the polluted material are challenges for remediation endeavours. The lignocellulosic material is also a considerable bioresource with a high energy density, and due to its quantity, it could appeal to commercialization as feedstock for various marketable goods. This study sets out to explore the potential of using this polluted material as a resource for industrial production at the same time as it is detoxified. Information about modern production methods for lignocellulosic material that can be adapted to a polluted feedstock is reviewed. Biochemical methods such as composting, anaerobic digestion, as well as, thermochemical methods, for instance, HTC, HTL, pyrolysis, gasification and torrefaction have been assessed. Potential products from lignocellulose-bearing sediment material include biochar, liquid and gaseous biofuels, growing substrate. The use of a contaminated feedstock may make the process more expensive, but the suggested methods should be seen as an alternative to remediation methods that only involve costs. Several experiments were highlighted that support the conception that combined remediation and generation of marketable goods may be an appropriate way to address polluted lignocellulose-bearing sediments.
Graphic abstract
Packing under convex quadratic constraints
Authors: Klimm Max , Pfetsch Marc E. , Raber Rico , Skutella Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider a general class of binary packing problems with a convex quadratic knapsack constraint. We prove that these problems are$$\mathsf {APX}$$APX-hard to approximate and present constant-factor approximation algorithms based upon two different algorithmic techniques: a rounding technique tailored to a convex relaxation in conjunction with a non-convex relaxation, and a greedy strategy. We further show that a combination of these techniques can be used to yield a monotone algorithm leading to a strategyproof mechanism for a game-theoretic variant of the problem. Finally, we present a computational study of the empirical approximation of these algorithms for problem instances arising in the context of real-world gas transport networks.
Development of training method for vessel traffic service based on cognitive process
Authors: Song Binbing , Itoh Hiroko , Kawamura Yasumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVessel traffic service (VTS) is important to protect the safety of maritime traffic. Along with the expansion of monitoring area per VTS operator in Tokyo Bay, Japan, inexperienced operators must acquire the ability to quickly and accurately detect conditions that requires attention (CRAs) from a monitoring screen. In our previous study (Song B, Itoh H, Kawamura Y, Fukuto J (2018) Analysis of Cognitive Processes of Operators of Vessel Traffic Service. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International Association of Institutes of Navigation. IAIN 2018, pp 529–534, Song et al., J Jpn Inst Navig 140:48–54, 2019), we established a task analysis method based on the assumption that the cognitive process model consists of three stages: “situational awareness”, “situation judgment”, and “decision making”. A simulation experiment was conducted for VTS operators with different levels of ability and their cognitive processes were compared based on the observation of eye movements. The results showed that the inexperienced operators’ abilities to predict situation changes were lower. And it was considered that oral transmission of the knowledge is difficult, thus new training methods are needed to help the inexperienced operators to understand the prediction methods of experienced operators. In this study, based on the cognitive process of an experienced operator, we analyzed the prediction procedures of situation changes and developed an educational tool called vessel traffic routine (VTR). The training method learning VTR aims to quickly improve inexperienced VTS operators’ abilities to predict situation changes. A simulation verification experiment of the VTR effect was conducted for four inexperienced operators, who were divided into two groups with and without prior explanation of VTR. By evaluating the cognitive processes of inexperienced operators, it was confirmed that those given prior explanations of VTR were better at detecting CRAs.
The Paraguayan Chaco at a crossroads: drivers of an emerging soybean frontier
Authors: Henderson James , Godar Javier , Frey Gabriel Ponzoni , Börner Jan , Gardner Toby 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur study analyzes potential agro-industrial soybean expansion dynamics and is the first to project soybean expansion Paraguayan Chaco. This biodiverse region, home to the greatest diversity of indigenous groups in Paraguay, has recently seen some of the world’s highest deforestation rates, losing 3.4 Mha of forestland between 2001 and 2014. Soy, a globally traded commodity crop and Paraguay’s largest export product, recently arrived in the area and may exacerbate the high deforestation rates currently attributed to pastureland expansion. We combine extensive field, trade, and satellite data, to analyze the context, and push-pull factors that are driving frontier expansion dynamics, and assess the potential impacts of soybean-based land use change using geo-located accounts of current soybean production sites. Our analysis finds that roughly 742,000 ha in the Paraguayan Chaco are suitable for soybean frontier expansion with an additional 940,000 ha moderately suitable for expansion. We identify the main drivers of soybean expansion in the region as agricultural technology and land price appreciation. However, infrastructure investments are set to further drive soybean expansion dynamics and connect the region via navigable rivers and roads with access to ports on the Atlantic and Pacific oceans as part of the multi-nationalCorredor-Bioceánico“bi-oceanic corridor” road project. The continued rapid development of this fragile landscape could transform the Paraguayan Chaco into a major South American logistics hub for soybean and other agricultural production. Without appropriate governance systems in place, this development could lead to irreversible large-scale damage to the socio-environmental systems, similar to boom dynamics seen in other South American frontiers.
The role of passing network indicators in modeling football outcomes: an application using Bayesian hierarchical models
Authors: Ievoli Riccardo , Gardini Aldo , Palazzo Lucio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPasses are undoubtedly the more frequent events in football and other team sports. Passing networks and their structural features can be useful to evaluate the style of play in terms of passing behavior, analyzing and quantifying interactions among players. The present paper aims to show how information retrieved from passing networks can have a relevant impact on predicting the match outcome. In particular, we focus on modeling both the scored goals by two competing teams and the goal difference between them. With this purpose, we fit these outcomes using Bayesian hierarchical models, including both in-match and network-based covariates to cover many aspects of the offensive actions on the pitch. Furthermore, we review and compare different approaches to include covariates in modeling football outcomes. The presented methodology is applied to a real dataset containing information on 125 matches of the 2016–2017 UEFA Champions League, involving 32 among the best European teams. From our results, shots on target, corners, and such passing network indicators are the main determinants of the considered football outcomes.
Commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain
Authors: Jiménez-Rodríguez Rebeca , Morales-Zumaquero Amalia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain for the global commodity price index and the indices of its main categories (i.e., agricultural raw materials, food and beverages, energy and metals) in the world, advanced and emerging economies. To do so, the study considers country-by-country vector autoregression models and pool the results by taking weighted means for 18 advanced economies and 19 emerging countries, as well as for the world (defined as the sum of advanced and emerging economies). The results show the following: (i) there is evidence in favour of partial pass-through from commodity prices to producer prices, although the evidence for the pass-through to consumer prices is less evident; (ii) the pass-through in the world seems to be led by both advanced and emerging countries for producer prices and only by advanced economies for consumer prices; (iii) higher prices in the four categories (agricultural raw materials only in the short-run) induce significant higher producer prices in almost all cases, with shocks in the prices of energy and metals showing the largest effects; and (iv) energy prices explain the highest variability of producer and consumer prices.
Fear of falling and all-cause mortality among young-old community-dwelling adults: a 6-year prospective study
Authors: Belloni Giulia , Büla Christophe , Santos-Eggimann Brigitte , Henchoz Yves , Fustinoni Sarah , Seematter-Bagnoud Laurence 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigated whether fear of falling (FOF) measured by two different instruments, the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and the single question on FOF and activity restriction (SQ-FAR), is associated with mortality at 6-year follow-up. Participants (n = 1359, 58.6% women) were community-dwelling persons enrolled in the Lausanne cohort 65 + , aged 66 to 71 years at baseline. Covariables assessed at baseline included demographic, cognitive, affective, functional and health status, while date of death was obtained from the office in charge for population registration. Unadjusted Kaplan Meyer curves were performed to show the survival probability for all-cause mortality according to the degree of FOF reported with FES-I and SQ-FAR, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess hazard ratios, using time-in-study as the time scale variable and adjusting for variables significantly associated in bivariable analyses. During the 6-year follow-up, 102 (7.5%) participants died. Reporting the highest level of fear at FES-I (crude HR 3.86, 95% CI 2.37–6.29, P < .001) or “FOF with activity restriction” with SQ-FAR (crude HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.44-4.09, P = .001) were both associated with increased hazard of death but these associations did not remain significant once adjusting for gender, cognitive, affective and functional status. As a conclusion, although high FOF and related activity restriction, assessed with FES-I and SQ-FAR, identifies young-old community-dwelling people at increased risk of 6-year mortality, this association disappears when adjusting for potential confounders. As a marker of negative health outcomes, FOF should be screened for in order to provide personalized care and reduce subsequent risks.
Overlapping Key Populations and HIV Transmission in Tijuana, Mexico: A Modelling Analysis of Epidemic Drivers
Authors: Fraser Hannah , Borquez Annick , Stone Jack , Abramovitz Daniela , Brouwer Kimberly C. , Goodman-Meza David , Hickman Matthew , Patterson Thomas L. , Silverman Jay , Smith Laramie , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Martin Natasha K. , Vickerman Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTijuana, Mexico, has a concentrated HIV epidemic among overlapping key populations (KPs) including people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), their male clients, and men who have sex with men (MSM). We developed a dynamic HIV transmission model among these KPs to determine the extent to which their unmet prevention and treatment needs is driving HIV transmission. Over 2020–2029 we estimated the proportion of new infections acquired in each KP, and the proportion due to their unprotected risk behaviours. We estimate that 43.7% and 55.3% of new infections are among MSM and PWID, respectively, with FSW and their clients making-up < 10% of new infections. Projections suggest 93.8% of new infections over 2020–2029 will be due to unprotected sex between MSM or unsafe injecting drug use. Prioritizing interventions addressing sexual and injecting risks among MSM and PWID are critical to controlling HIV in Tijuana.
Artificial intelligence in the creative industries: a review
Authors: Anantrasirichai Nantheera , Bull David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews the current state of the art in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and applications in the context of the creative industries. A brief background of AI, and specifically machine learning (ML) algorithms, is provided including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). We categorize creative applications into five groups, related to how AI technologies are used: (i) content creation, (ii) information analysis, (iii) content enhancement and post production workflows, (iv) information extraction and enhancement, and (v) data compression. We critically examine the successes and limitations of this rapidly advancing technology in each of these areas. We further differentiate between the use of AI as a creative tool and its potential as a creator in its own right. We foresee that, in the near future, ML-based AI will be adopted widely as a tool or collaborative assistant for creativity. In contrast, we observe that the successes of ML in domains with fewer constraints, where AI is the ‘creator’, remain modest. The potential of AI (or its developers) to win awards for its original creations in competition with human creatives is also limited, based on contemporary technologies. We therefore conclude that, in the context of creative industries, maximum benefit from AI will be derived where its focus is human-centric—where it is designed to augment, rather than replace, human creativity.
An efficient hybrid method for uncertainty quantification
Authors: Wahlsten Markus , Ålund Oskar , Nordström Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA technique for coupling an intrusive and non-intrusive uncertainty quantification method is proposed. The intrusive approach uses a combination of polynomial chaos and stochastic Galerkin projection. The non-intrusive method uses numerical integration by combining quadrature rules and the probability density functions of the prescribed uncertainties. A stable coupling procedure between the two methods at an interface is constructed. The efficiency of the hybrid method is exemplified using hyperbolic systems of equations, and verified by numerical experiments.