bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’homme en réseau
Authors: Sandmann-Strupp Ruth , Malchair Françoise , Prouvé Vincent , Raguet Christian 
Published: July 2021

Nous, les humains, vivons essentiellement dans deux mondes : celui qui nous est donné immédiatement par les sens, et le monde culturel, spirituel, qui nous est transmis via les médias. Une consommation facile, une diffusion omniprésente, enfin et surtout la pression sociale nous retiennent de plus en plus devant des écrans qui nous inondent d’un flot d’informations et d’images. Privé du présent immédiat, de plus en plus connecté au monde via les médias et les outils techniques, le Narcisse moderne, captivé, s’attarde devant une surface où il se reflète et qui s’agrandit constamment. Il n’est pas vraiment seul, mais son vis-à-vis n’est trop souvent que l’écho désincarné de lui-même, non un autre vivant. Nous perdons-nous comme sujets dans la mesure même où nous perdons le monde et les autres, et si oui, à quoi aspirons-nous ? Il serait erroné d’interpréter des phénomènes simultanés en termes de causalité : la fuite dans des espaces virtuels fait partie d’un long processus de désincarnation et de désensibilisation de notre existence, qui correspond au désenchantement du monde extérieur (Max Weber). La psyché se cherche de nouveaux lieux pour la projection de ses contenus essentiels : en atteste le succès de la fantasy dans les romans, les films et les jeux en ligne ! Reste à prouver dans quelle mesure Internet peut contenir ces lieux.
Une science de l’esprit lemmatique
Authors: Nakazawa Shin’ichi , Bruneau Flora , Raguet Christian 
Published: July 2021

L’auteur plaide, à propos de la relation entre le bouddhisme et la psychologie européenne — ou science de l’esprit —, pour une nouvelle perspective basée sur le Sutra Kegon , un texte qui a émergé dans les débuts du bouddhisme Mahayana (III e -V e siècles après J.-C.). La base de la science européenne est l’intellection du logos, formalisée par Aristote selon trois lois : la loi de l’identité, la loi de la contradiction et la loi du tiers exclu. Dans la tradition bouddhiste, en revanche, la logique est fondée sur le lemme , ce qui signifie : saisir dans sa totalité, non pas avec le langage mais avec l’intuition. La science basée sur le lemme , née dans la tradition bouddhiste, montre que la perception rationnelle est possible même en dehors des trois lois du logos. Le Sutra Kegon , qui expose ce que le Bouddha prêchait une semaine seulement après avoir atteint l’illumination, est unifié sous la logique du lemme et peut être considéré comme une tentative de créer une « science lemmatique de l’esprit ». L’enseignement fondamental du Sutra Kegon est exploré et ses principes sont comparés au processus primaire de la pensée et à l’inconscient tel que décrit par Freud et Jung. Les textes orientaux que Jung recherchait l’ont amené à créer une science de l’esprit qui est allée plus loin que Freud ; à titre d’exemple, son concept de synchronicité peut être perçu nouvellement dans le cadre d’une science basée sur le lemme .
Implementation of business process reengineering (BPR): Case study of official trip procedures in higher education institutions
Authors: Pasaribu Rina Djunita , Anggadwita Grisna , Hendayani Ratih , Kotjoprayudi Raswyshnoe Boing , Apiani Dessy Indah Nur 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Official trip is one of the common business processes carried out by every organization, including educational institutions. However, in its implementation, there are various kinds of obstacles that have an impact on the lack of effectiveness and efficiency of the system, in terms of time, material and human resources. This study aims to evaluate existing business processes and design, and implement the results of business process re-engineering (BPR) in the official trip system which is supported by digitization and digitalization with a multi-unit integration approach at one of the private universities in Indonesia, Telkom University.Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a mixed-method with an embedded design approach. The quantitative method was carried out by calculating the performance of official trip procedures before and after the BPR. Meanwhile, the qualitative method was carried out by conducting interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with key informants in this study. Triangulation technique was used to validate the research results.Findings: The BPR process has resulted in radical changes to the official trip system at the university, namely from a mixed system of manual / offline & online to completely online, from a very centralized to decentralized decision process, and the availability of a transparent monitoring system. These changes provide significant results by increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of business processes so as to speed up time, save paper (reduce paper waste and reduce costs) and optimize employee assignments.Originality/value: This study adds new insights into the implementation of BPR to the official trip system in higher education. This research implies that BPR can produce radical changes in business processes in higher education to become more effective and efficient. In addition, this study proposes several practical and academically useful recommendations for further research in this area.
A simple appendicitis? An anatomical pitfall
Authors: Wajman Slawomir , Gewartowska Magdalena , Antoniak Robert , Stanczyk Marek 
Published: July 2021

Rationale:
We present a case of appendicitis with an uncommon course due to rare anatomical location of the appendix in the right retroperitoneal space below the diaphragm and above the liver.

Patient's concern:
A 32-year-old, previously healthy male with a history of congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair in childhood, presented with 3 days of mild, colicky, central abdominal pain associated with fever, nausea and vomiting. At presentation, pain was localized to the right lower quadrant.

Diagnosis:
Even though diagnosis of appendicitis was clear, we decided to confirm it with computer tomography (CT). CT revealed elevation of the right dome of the diaphragm and perforated appendix located above the liver.

Intervention:
Appendectomy was performed via right subcostal approach instead of usual incision in the right lower quadrant.

Outcome:
Patient recovered well and was discharged on the 5th day after operation.

Lessons:
Previous congenital diaphragmatic hermia repair may change the location of the appendix. The appendix at rare locations could lead to an uncommon course of appendicitis. On this very note, surgeons should have a high index of suspicion, and CT may help avoid inadvertent complications.
Dynamics of transmission of COVID-19 cases and household contacts
Authors: Rajmohan Priyanka , Jose Ponnu , Thodi Jubina Bency Anthoora , Thomas Joe , Raphael Lucy , Krishna Swathi , Gopinathan Unnikrishnan Uttumadathil , Kuttichira Praveenlal 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To study the transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among 101 confirmed cases and their 387 household contacts and to determine risk factors associated with secondary attack among the household contacts.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1st 2021 to February 28th 2021, among 101 SARS-CoV-2 cases and 387 household contacts who were followed up for 14 days from the last day of contact with the index case of COVID-19. The dynamics of disease transmission was estimated, and factors affecting transmission risk were analyzed. Besides, the association between various factors and household secondary attack rate was determined.

Results:
The median incubation period was found to be 5 days, and the observed reproductive number (R) was found to be 1.63 (95% CI: 1.28-1.98). The mean household secondary attack rate was 40.7%. Contacts with comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism had significantly higher attack rates (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
As new variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerges, it is crucial to know the trasmission dynamics. This study shows a high secondary attack rate of COVID-19 among household contacts that must be closely monitored.
The recommended amount of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration for healthy Saudis
Authors: Alfawaz Rasha A. , Aljuraiban Ghadeer S. , AlMarzooqi Mezna A. , Alghannam Abdullah F. , BaHammam Ahmed S. , Dobia Ali M. , Alothman Shaima A. , Aljuhani Osama , Aljaloud Khalid Saad 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:
The goal of the 24-h Movement Practice Guidelines for Saudi Arabia is to provide policymakers, health-care providers, researchers, sports professionals, and members of the public with recommendations on the duration of time they should spend engaged in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep throughout all age groups.

METHODS:
A modified RAND appropriateness method and the “GRADE-ADOLOPMENT” approach of guideline recommendations were used by a guideline development panel to develop the present recommendations.

RESULTS:
The recommendations were based on the integrated needs of the following age groups: children (0–2 years), preschoolers (3–5 years), children and adolescents (6–17 years), adults (18–64 years), and older adults (≥65 years). The guidelines also include special considerations for sleep duration in the Saudi culture, such as dawn prayer and Ramadan.

CONCLUSIONS:
Several research gaps in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep were identified and highlighted by the guideline development panel for potential future research.
Point-of-care diagnostic lung ultrasound is highly applicable to the practice of medicine in Saudi Arabia but the current skills gap limits its use
Authors: Rajendram Rajkumar , Souleymane Mamdouh , Mahmood Naveed , Kharal Mubashar , AlQahtani Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

CONTEXT:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put a spotlight on point-of-care diagnostic lung ultrasound (POCDLUS). However, the spectra of respiratory disease and resources available for investigation vary internationally. The applicability of POCDLUS to internal medicine (IM) practice in Saudi Arabia and the current use by Saudi physicians are unknown.

AIMS:
The aim of the present study was to determine the applicability of POCDLUS to IM practice in Saudi Arabia and quantify the residents' current skills, accreditation, and use of POCDLUS.

METHODS:
A questionnaire was distributed to the IM residents at our institution to assess their knowledge, use of POCDLUS, and their perceptions of its applicability in IM.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Standard descriptive statistical techniques were used. Categorical data, presented as frequency, were compared using the Chi-squared test. The Likert scale responses, presented as mean ± standard deviation, were compared with a Student's t-test.

RESULTS:
In total, 100 residents participated (response rate 92.6%) and reported that POCDLUS was applicable to their practice. Identifying pleural effusions was most applicable. A small proportion (n = 7) had received training, nine used POCDLUS regularly, none were accredited and the overall self-reported level of knowledge was poor.

CONCLUSIONS:
Whilst POCDLUS is applicable to IM practice in Saudi Arabia, the significant skills gap preclude the provision of a POCDLUS service. As COVID-19 can cause an interstitial syndrome, our pandemic preparation response should include POCDLUS training. The current study is supported by a similar Canadian study and the international standardisation of POCDLUS training may be feasible. The findings of the current study may facilitate the development of POCDLUS training programs for internists throughout Saudi Arabia.
The efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome adult patients
Authors: Othman Fatmah , Alsagami Noura , Alharbi Reem , Almuammer Yara , Alshahrani Shatha , Ismaeil Taha 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:
To recruit poorly ventilated lung areas by providing active and adequate oxygenation is a core aspect of treating patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) mode is increasingly accepted as a means of supporting patients with ARDS. This study aimed to determine whether the APRV mode is effective in improving oxygenation, compared to conventional ventilation, in adult ARDS patients.

METHODS:
We conducted the study according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched for clinical trials in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until April 2019. We included all studies comparing APRV and other conventional mechanical ventilation modes for adult ARDS patients. Our primary outcome was oxygenation status (defined as the day 3 PaO2/FiO2 ratio). The secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were performed including studies with conventional low-tidal volume ventilation as a comparator ventilation strategy.

RESULTS:
We included six clinical trials enrolling a total of 375 patients. The day 3 PaO2/FiO2 was reported in all the studies, and it was significantly higher in patients receiving APRV (mean difference [MD] 51.9 mmHg, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 8.2–95.5, P = 0.02, I
2= 92%). There was no significant difference in mortality between APRV and the other conventional ventilator modes (risk difference 0.07, 95% CI: −0.01–0.15, P = 0.08, I
20%). The point estimate for the effect of APRV on the LOS in ICU indicated a significant reduction in the ICU LOS for the APRV group compared to the counter group (MD 3.1 days, 95% CI 0.4–5.9, P = 0.02, I
2= 53%).

CONCLUSION:
In this study, using the APRV mode may improve oxygenation on day 3 and contribute to reducing the LOS in ICU. However, it is difficult to draw a clinical message about APRV, and well-designed clinical trials are required to investigate this issue.
Small-airway disease and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Ayuk Adaeze C. , Ndukwu Chizalu I. , Uwaezuoke Samuel N. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:
Lung function abnormalities may occur in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Small-airway disease (SAD) precedes abnormalities in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1).

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to assess the presence and reversibility of SAD in HIV-infected children using the Global Lung Function Initiative standards.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months at the Paediatric HIV Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Eligible consenting children with HIV infection were recruited. Lung function was measured, and the reversibility of FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) was assessed at 12% while that of forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25-75) was assessed at 12%, 15%, and 20%. Predictors of abnormal Z-score values were determined by multivariate linear and logistic regressions. Statistically significant values were set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
The mean Z-score for FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 was − 2.19, −1.86, and − 1.60, respectively. Most patients (73%) had abnormal FEV1, while 52% had abnormal FEF25-75. Significant changes in FEV1 (P = 0.001) and FEF25-75 (P < 0.001) occurred after the bronchodilator response (BDR) test. Of the children whose FEV1 showed positive BDR, 70.9% had low zFEV1; 50% had low zFEF25-75, while all had low FEV1. Nutritional status (Z-score for body mass index) was significantly associated with low FEV1.

CONCLUSIONS:
Abnormal FEF25-75 as a marker of SAD and FEV1 with a positive BDR are common in HIV-infected children. These lung function abnormalities justify long-term follow-up for these patients.
Clinical profiles associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and complications from coronavirus disease-2019 in children from a national registry in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almuzaini Yasir , Alsohime Fahad , Subaie Sarah Al , Temsah Mohamad Hani , Alsofayan Yousef , Alamri Fahad , Alahmari Ahmed , Alahdal Hadil , Sonbol Hana , Almaghrabi Rana , Nahhas Mahmoud , Khan Anas 
Published: July 2021

CONTEXT:
Exploring clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in children may help in prevention and treatment guidelines.

AIMS:
The aim of the to describe the spectrum of pediatric COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.

SETTINGS And DESIGN:
A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study involving pediatric COVID-19 patients across all Saudi regions.

METHODS:
All patients aged between 2 months and 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The primary end point was the hospitalization.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the baseline demographic data and clinical characteristics. Numerical data were explored using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Shapiro–Wilk test, while Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data.

RESULTS:
Among the 654 pediatric COVID-19 patients, 4.7% (n = 31) were hospitalized, with one patient only needing pediatric intensive care admission. Sex, breastfeeding, birth status, and the patients' living environment showed no significant association with hospitalization. Most children (80.3%, n = 525) were symptomatic, with two symptoms that were significantly associated with admission, namely, vomiting (P = 0.007) and nausea (P = 0.026). History of admission within the last year was identified in 10.4% (n = 68) children but had no association with worse outcome. The median duration of hospitalization for the entire group was 5.5 days, with longest hospital stay for age group 7–12 years (median 6 days).

CONCLUSIONS:
COVID-19 is usually a milder disease in children. Although having preexisting medical conditions was linked to a longer hospitalization, it was not associated with worse outcome. Continuous surveillance will allow additional characterization of the burden and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19-associated hospitalizations.
Prevalence of Undernutrition among Preschool Children (3-6 Years) Attending Anganwadi Centers in Urban Mysuru
Authors: George Preetha Susan , Murthy M. R. Narayana 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
For balanced growth and childhood development, adequate nutrition is very necessary. The health and nutritional status of children is an indicator of the health and nutrition of the community and the nutritional profile of the entire country. Undernutrition is not only a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, but it jeopardizes physical as well as mental development of children. The Public Distribution Scheme's bias toward calories and subsidies continued on rice and wheat and did not include more diverse and nutritious foods.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of undernutrition among preschool children (3–6 years) attending Anganwadi in Urban Mysuru.

Materials and Methods:
This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Bannimantap Urban Primary Health Centre for a period of 1 year. A total of 365 children (3–6 years) were included in the study. Required total sample size of 365 children in the age group of 3–6 years was selected from each Anganwadi as per population proportionate to size sampling technique. A pretested, semi-structured proforma was used to collect data pertaining to sociodemographic variables, maternal-related variables, and child-related variables. Data were coded and entered into MS Excel 2016 and analyzed using SPSS Version 22.

Results:
Among the total 365 children aged 3–6 years, 54.7% were males and 45.3% were females. Majority (60.8%) of the children hailed from nuclear family and 50% belonged to upper lower socioeconomic class. The prevalence of undernutrition which constitutes underweight, stunting, and wasting was 25.4%, 23.5%, and 10.2%, respectively. Prevalence of severe acute malnutrition was 0.3%.

Conclusion:
Lack of socioeconomic development along with ignorance of cost-effective nutritional diet intake contributed to undernutrition in our study area.
Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Singh Narinder Pal , Kathuria Danish , Aggarwal Neeru P. , Gupta Anish Kumar , Kaur Gurleen 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has both short term as well as long-term consequences in critically ill patients. The present study is an attempt to study its etiological profile in intensive care units (ICUs) which has been only scarcely done in India.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty patients admitted with or developing AKI during their ICU stay were included in the prospective study and were defined as well as staged according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Patients were followed up at discharge and at 3 months to determine the outcome as either favorable (renal recovery) or adverse (residual renal dysfunction, dialysis dependence, or death). Various known risk factors, as laid down by KDIGO, were identified and analyzed with respect to their association with the outcome.

Results:
Out of total of 120 subjects, almost half of the subjects (47.5%) had Stage I AKI, 27.5% had Stage II AKI and the remaining quarter of subjects had Stage III AKI. One fourth had pre-existing chronic kidney disease and three-fourth subjects had developed de novo AKI of which more than half of patients had community-acquired AKI. Anemia and sepsis were the most prevalent risk factors. The highest rate of renal recovery was demonstrated in Stage I AKI. Overall mortality was 28%, highest in Stage III AKI.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrated increasing prevalence of the adverse outcome in a linear fashion with an increase in the severity of AKI. Sepsis was not only the most prevalent risk factor but was also strongly associated with an adverse outcome. The epidemiology of AKI in critical care in India has started to resemble high-income group countries, in terms of both age distribution as well as etiology.
Perceptions and Beliefs on Vaccination for COVID-19 in Delhi
Authors: Sharma Abha , Srivastava Anshuman 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
It is believed that despite all the measures taken to curb the contagion, a vaccine will be the most effective tool in preventing the spread and complications of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and achieving a state of normalcy again. Scientists from worldwide have been successful in developing the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, but COVID-19 vaccination faces several challenges which may impact its success.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was done to determine the beliefs and perceptions of people on COVID-19 vaccination in Delhi in the month of March–April 2021 with the help of a questionnaire which was distributed online. It contained 22 questions and was finalized after the review through a pilot study and content validation. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007.

Results:
A total of 286 participants were analyzed, of which 55% were female. The mean age was 33.4 years. Intention of people for taking vaccination was analyzed with relation to different age groups, and positive trend was seen in people with advancing age and it was also statistically significant (P = 0.002). It was seen that people with higher education and of higher socioeconomic status were more inclined to get vaccination; however, in our study, 39.1% of the participants were concerned about the safety of the vaccine.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that despite repeated assurance about the safety of vaccine, people still had doubts and misconceptions which were evident from our study. Hence, this study may help the administrators to understand the community concerns, tweaking current policies, and increasing the awareness campaign so that people gather more knowledge about vaccine benefits and community trust is built.