bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Machine Learning–Based Race-Specific Models to Predict 10-Year Risk of Heart Failure: A Multicohort Analysis
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Jaeger Byron C. , Patel Kershaw V. , Nambi Vijay , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Correa Adolfo , Butler Javed , Chandra Alvin , Ayers Colby , Rao Shreya , Lewis Alana A. , Raffield Laura M. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Michos Erin D. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Hall Michael E. , Mentz Robert J. , de Lemos James A. , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: April 2021

Background:Heart failure (HF) risk and the underlying risk factors vary by race. Traditional models for HF risk prediction treat race as a covariate in risk prediction and do not account for significant parameters such as cardiac biomarkers. Machine learning (ML) may offer advantages over traditional modeling techniques to develop race-specific HF risk prediction models and to elucidate important contributors of HF development across races.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of 4 large, community cohort studies (ARIC [Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities], DHS [Dallas Heart Study], JHS [Jackson Heart Study], and MESA [Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis]) with adjudicated HF events. The study included participants who were >40 years of age and free of HF at baseline. Race-specific ML models for HF risk prediction were developed in the JHS cohort (for Black race–specific model) and White adults from ARIC (for White race–specific model). The models included 39 candidate variables across demographic, anthropometric, medical history, laboratory, and electrocardiographic domains. The ML models were externally validated and compared with prior established traditional and non–race-specific ML models in race-specific subgroups of the pooled MESA/DHS cohort and Black participants of ARIC. The Harrell C-index and Greenwood-Nam-D’Agostino χ2tests were used to assess discrimination and calibration, respectively.Results:The ML models had excellent discrimination in the derivation cohorts for Black (n=4141 in JHS, C-index=0.88) and White (n=7858 in ARIC, C-index=0.89) participants. In the external validation cohorts, the race-specific ML model demonstrated adequate calibration and superior discrimination (Black individuals, C-index=0.80–0.83; White individuals, C-index=0.82) compared with established HF risk models or with non–race-specific ML models derived with race included as a covariate. Among the risk factors, natriuretic peptide levels were the most important predictor of HF risk across both races, followed by troponin levels in Black and ECG-based Cornell voltage in White individuals. Other key predictors of HF risk among Black individuals were glycemic parameters and socioeconomic factors. In contrast, prevalent cardiovascular disease and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were stronger predictors of HF risk in White adults.Conclusions:Race-specific and ML-based HF risk models that integrate clinical, laboratory, and biomarker data demonstrated superior performance compared with traditional HF risk and non–race-specific ML models. This approach identifies distinct race-specific contributors of HF.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Fragile Balance of a Small Zoo: the Case of Pistoia Zoo in Italy
Authors: Bandoli Francesca , Cavicchio Paolo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Zoos and aquaria have progressively evolved into conservation centres aimed at conserving biodiversity through educational, recreational, research and integrated conservation activities. Their work is based on a strong cooperation at national and international level, that enables the collaborative management of hundreds of thousands of animals and the protection of endangered species through integrated conservation programmes. The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated health, social and economic crisis have greatly impacted the zoological community, leading to multifaceted consequences especially for small private institutions. Here, we present the operational and ethical challenges, as well as the opportunities, arisen from the on-going crisis, focusing on Pistoia Zoo (Italy) as a case study. We finally discuss ethical and operational constraints and perspectives which could characterize the upcoming future of zoological facilities.
Long-distance radiation of Rossby waves from the equatorial current system
Authors: Farrar J. Thomas , Durland Theodore , Jayne Steven R. , Price James F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMeasurements from satellite altimetry are used to show that sea-surface height (SSH) variability throughout much of the North Pacific is coherent with the SSH signal of the tropical instability waves (TIWs) that result from instabilities of the equatorial currents. This variability has regular phase patterns consistent with freely propagating barotropic Rossby waves radiating energy away from the unstable equatorial currents, and the waves clearly propagate from the equatorial region to at least 30°N. The pattern of SSH variance at TIW frequencies exhibits remarkable patchiness on scales of hundreds of kilometers, which we interpret as being due to the combined effects of wave reflection, refraction, and interference. North of 40°N, more than 6000 km from the unstable equatorial currents, the SSH field remains coherent with the near-equatorial SSH variability, but it is not as clear whether the variability at the higher latitudes is a simple result of barotropic wave radiation from the tropical instability waves. Even more distant regions, as far north as the Aleutian Islands off of Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula of eastern Russia, have SSH variability that is significantly coherent with the near-equatorial instabilities. The variability is not well represented in the widely used gridded SSH data product commonly referred to as the AVISO or DUACS product, and this appears to be a result of spatial variations in the filtering properties of the objective mapping scheme.
Assessing Seaglider® Model-based Position Accuracy on an Acoustic Tracking Range
Authors: Bennett James S. , Stahr Frederick R. , Eriksen Charles C. , Renken Martin C. , Snyder Wendy E. , Van Uffelen Lora J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeagliders® are buoyancy-driven autonomous underwater vehicles whose sub-surface position estimates are typically derived from velocities inferred using a flight model. We present a method for computing velocities and positions during the different phases typically encountered during a dive-climb profile based on a buoyancy-driven flight model. We compare these predictions to observations gathered from a Seaglider deployment on the acoustic tracking range in Dabob Bay (200 m depth, mean vehicle speeds ~30 cm s-1), permitting us to bound the position accuracy estimates and understand sources of various errors. We improve position accuracy estimates during long vehicle accelerations by numerically integrating the flight-model's fundamental momentum-balance equations. Overall, based on an automated estimation of flight-model parameters, we confirm previous work that predicted vehicle velocities in the dominant dive and climb phases are accurate to < 1 cm s-1, which bounds the accumulated position error in time. However, in this energetic tidal basin, position error also accumulates due to unresolved depth-dependent flow superimposed upon an inferred depth-averaged current.
Study of novel solar assisted heating system
Authors: Davies Gareth , Blower John , Hall Richard , Maidment Graeme 
Published: April 2021

The potential for energy, carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and cost savings when using low emissivity (low-ε) transpired solar collectors (TSCs), combined with heat pumps in a range of configurations, has been investigated using computer modelling. Low-ε TSCs consist of metal solar collector plates with a spectrally sensitive surface, perforated with holes. Ambient air is drawn through the holes and heated by convection from the solar collector plate, increasing the air temperature by up to 25 K. The heated air can be used for e.g. space heating, or pre-heating water in buildings. The models developed have been used to compare the performance of low-ε TSC/heat pump heating systems in small and large buildings, at a range of locations. The model results showed savings in energy, CO2e and costs of up to 16.4% when using low-ε TSCs combined with an exhaust air heat pump compared with using the exhaust air heat pump alone. Practical application: If the UK is to meet its target of reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, it will be necessary to adopt low or zero carbon heating technologies. The novel low emissivity transpired solar collector device investigated can contribute to this. Its advantages include: (i) utilising solar radiation; (ii) readily integrated with existing heating systems e.g. heat pumps; (iii) significant energy, CO2e emissions and cost savings; (iv) low cost device; (v) minimal energy input i.e. one small fan; (vi) can be retrofitted to existing buildings; (vii) its benefits were applicable at all of the (wide range of) locations tested.
Overheating assessment in flats with glazed balconies in warm-summer humid continental climate
Authors: Grudzińska Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

Greenhouse systems in the form of glazed balconies may be accomplished both in the newly designed buildings and in the existing ones, raising their energy standard in a quick and inexpensive way. However, basic parameters influencing the efficiency of the systems are often chosen intuitively, not allowing to fully benefit from the sunspaces or causing overheating of the rooms and discomfort for the users. These issues are common drawbacks of passive systems and may become especially important in the aspect of anthropogenic climate changes, including temperature rise and summer heatwaves. The paper presents results of a long-term summer temperature monitoring in flats with glazed balconies of different construction. They were located in prefabricated multi-family buildings, in residential districts of Lublin and Zamość. The cities are situated in the south-eastern part of Poland, belonging to the warm-summer humid continental climate area. The monitoring enabled overheating assessment according to the concept of adaptive comfort and connecting it with the sunspace construction and the inhabitants’ behaviour. These issues are new aspects in the research area, and the work is a part of extensive studies including monitoring and dynamic simulations of dwellings with passive greenhouse systems in Poland. Practical application: Glazed balconies raise the energy standard of buildings in a quick and inexpensive way, but it is important to consider their function not only during the heating season but also in the summer. Recording of temperatures enabled the monitoring of thermal conditions in the flats and the overheating assessment. It is possible to keep the internal temperature in the rooms within the desired range thanks to the sunspace ventilation and occupants’ behaviour.
What do we know about indoor air quality of nurseries? A review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Mumovic D , Stamp Samuel , Curran Katherine , Cooper Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

Considering the alarming rise in the rate of asthma and respiratory diseases among school children, it is of great importance to investigate all probable causes. Outside of the home, children spend most of their time in school. Many studies have researched the indoor environmental quality of primary and secondary school buildings to determine the exposure of school children to indoor air pollution. However, studies of very young children in nurseries are scarce. Unlike at elementary schools or universities, children in nurseries are more vulnerable due to their physiology, inability to articulate discomfort and to adapt their behaviour to avoid exposures. This article reviews current studies on the indoor environment in nurseries. It summarizes air pollution levels and related environmental and behavioural factors in nurseries that have been reported in the literature. Additionally, exposure to indoor air pollution and related potential health outcomes are examined. This review concludes that indoor air pollution in nurseries often exceeds current guidelines, and designers and policymakers should be made aware of the impact on the health and wellbeing of children in nurseries. Proper interventions and guidelines should be considered to create a healthy indoor environment for nursery children. Practical application: Previous IAQ assessments have mainly focused on indoor temperatures and CO2 levels. Data on comprehensive monitoring (including PMs, NO2, O3 and other pollutants) of indoor air quality of nurseries are scarce. Particularly in the UK, studies about indoor air quality in nurseries have not been founded. This paper categorized relevant articles according to the focus of the study, to provide evidence to a better understanding of current indoor air quality in nursery environments.
Prognosis in Head and Neck Cancer: Importance of Nutritional and Biological Inflammatory Status
Authors: Saroul Nicolas , Puechmaille Mathilde , Lambert Céline , Hassan Achraf Sayed , Biau Julian , Lapeyre Michel , Mom Thierry , Bernadach Maureen , Gilain Laurent 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the importance of nutritional status, social status, and inflammatory status in the prognosis of head and neck cancer.Study DesignSingle‐center retrospective study of prospectively collected data.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsNinety‐two consecutive patients newly diagnosed for cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract without metastases were assessed at time of diagnosis for several prognostic factors. Nutritional status was assessed by the nutritional risk index, social status by the EPICES score, and inflammatory status by the systemic inflammatory response index. The primary endpoint was overall survival.ResultsIn multivariable analysis, the main prognostic factors were the TNM classification (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.34, P =. 002, for stage T3‐4), malnutrition as assessed by the nutritional risk index (HR = 3.64, P =. 008, for severe malnutrition), and a systemic inflammatory response index score ≥1.6 (HR = 3.32, P =. 02). Social deprivation was not a prognostic factor.ConclusionPrognosis in head and neck cancer is multifactorial; however, malnutrition and inflammation are important factors that are potentially reversible by early intervention.
Effect of a three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis combined with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor on erectile dysfunction
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Peng , Liu Qiang , Ben Liangliang , Chen Geng , Han Zhijuan , Peng Hui 
Published: April 2021

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of implanting a three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) combined with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil in severe erectile dysfunction (ED) patients. Methods This randomized controlled study included 123 ED patients. Sixty-two patients received the IPP implantation and 61 patients received the IPP implantation and the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil. Erectile function and sexual life quality were evaluated using the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and modified Sexual Life Quality Questionnaire–Quality of Life domain (mSLQQ-QoL), respectively. Serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 levels were assessed. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess the overall IPP survival. Results Implantation of the three-piece IPP with sildenafil improved erectile function and sexual life quality, alleviated the inflammatory response, reduced the complication rate, and improved overall IPP survival. Conclusion Implantation of the three-piece IPP combined with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor significantly improved clinical outcomes and the prognosis in ED patients.
Outcomes of head and neck cancer management from two cancer centres in Southern and Northern Europe during the first wave of COVID-19
Authors: Tagliabue Marta , Russell Beth , Moss Charlotte , De Berardinis Rita , Chu Francesco , Jeannon Jean-Pierre , Pietrobon Giacomo , Haire Anna , Grosso Enrica , Wylie Harriet , Zorzi Stefano , Proh Michele , Brunet-Garcia Aina , Cattaneo Augusto , Oakley Richard , De Benedetto Luigi , Arora Asit , Riccio Stefano , Fry Alistair , Bruschini Roberto , Townley William , Giugliano Gioacchino , Orfaniotis Georgios , Madini Marzia , Dolly Saoirse , Borghi Ester , Aprile Danila , Zurlo Valeria , Bibiano Debora , Mastrilli Fabrizio , Chiocca Susanna , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Gandini Sara , Simo Ricard , Ansarin Mohssen 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To describe the approach and outcomes from two cancer centres in Southern and Northern Europe during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods: Data collection was performed on a retrospective cohort of patients surgically treated for primary HNC between March and May 2020, using data from two tertiary hospitals: the European Institute of Oncology (Milan) and Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (London). Results: We included 77 patients with HNC. More patients with COVID-19 were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and had Clavien-Dindo Classification grade I compared to negative patients, respectively (60% vs 22% [ p = 0.058] and 40% vs 8% [ p = 0.025]). Multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed our data ( p = 0.05 and 0.03, respectively). Sex and age were statistically significantly different ( p = 0.05 and <0.001 respectively), showing more male patients (75% vs 53.66%, respectively) and more elderly patients in Italy than in the United Kingdom (patients aged >63 years: 69.44% vs 29.27%). Conclusions: This study presents a large cohort of patients with HNC with nasopharyngeal swab during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Patients with HNC with COVID-19 appeared more likely to develop postsurgical complications and to be taking ACE inhibitors. The preventive measures adopted guaranteed the continuation of therapeutic surgical intervention.
The Alt-Right’s continuation of the ‘cultural war’ in Euro-American societies
Authors: Bar-On Tamir 
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I argue that the Alt-Right needs to be taken seriously by the liberal establishment, the general public, and leftist cultural elites for five main reasons: 1) its ‘right-wing Gramscianism’ borrows from the French New Right ( Nouvelle Droite – ND) and the French and pan-European Identitarian movement. This means that it is engaged in the continuation of a larger Euro-American metapolitical struggle to change hearts and minds on issues related to white nationalism, anti-Semitism, and racialism; 2) it is indebted to the metapolitical evolution of sectors of the violent neo-Nazi and earlier white nationalist movements in the USA; 3) this metapolitical orientation uses the mass media, the internet, and social media in general to reach and influence the masses of Americans; 4) the ‘cultural war’ means that the Alt-Right’s spokesman Richard Spencer, French ND leader Alain de Benoist, and other intellectuals see themselves as a type of Leninist vanguard on the radical right, which borrows from left-wing authors such as Antonio Gramsci and their positions in order to win the metapolitical struggle against ‘dominant’ liberal and left-wing political and cultural elites; and 5) this ‘cultural war’ is intellectually and philosophically sophisticated because it understands the crucial role of culture in destabilizing liberal society and makes use of important philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Carl Schmitt, Julius Evola and others in order to give credence to its revolutionary, racialist, and anti-liberal ideals.
‘Stranger than Fiction’: a description of an online essay examination preparation club for Queensland trainees
Authors: Monahan Katherine , Freier Karen , Parker Stephen , Suetani Shuichi 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To describe an online essay-style examination preparation group. Methods: The process of the establishment – including recruitment, rules and characteristics – of ‘Stranger than Fiction’ is outlined. Results: Over the 10-week period, 66 essays were submitted, and 40 essays were marked. Sixteen out of 30 registered candidates submitted at least one essay, and 11 out of 17 registered markers marked at least one essay. Conclusion: ‘Stranger than Fiction’ is a novel approach to create a supportive environment where trainees are given opportunities to practise critical essay questions.
Keeping COVID out: a collaborative approach to COVID-19 is associated with a significant reduction in self-harm in young people in custody
Authors: Kasinathan John , Haysom Leigh , Andriotis Helen , Wheaton Mike , Lloyd Trisha , Langstaff Rohan , McClelland Renee , Whiting Nick , Southgate Steven , Vita Michael , McGrath Colette , Palmai Marlene , Armstrong Christine , O’Donovan Connie , Oyan Marcus , Woodward Jenny , Wilson Cindy 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To describe the collaboration between Youth Justice New South Wales (YJNSW) and Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network (JHFMHN) during the early COVID-19 Response (CR) across the six Youth Justice centres in NSW, and the reduced incidence of self-harm noted over this period. Methods: Narrative article with analysis of self-harm incident data during the initial CR period of March to May 2020, compared to the same period in 2019. Results: During the initial CR period (March to May 2020), there was a highly significant, four-fold reduction in self-harming incidents recorded by both YJNSW and JHFMHN compared with the equivalent time period in 2019 ( p < .00001). Conclusion: The greater than four-fold reduction in self-harm by young people during the early CR may relate to the ‘interagency response’, with an increase in positive interactions between staff, and between staff and young people. The reduction in self-harm and improvements in mental health will be further explored through standardised interviews with the young people and staff.
Orthodontic Pre Grafting Closure of Large Alveolar Bony and Soft Tissue Gaps: A Novel Nonsurgical Protraction of the Lesser Segments in Growing Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Meazzini Maria Costanza , Cohen Noah , Battista Valeria Marinella Augusta , Incorvati Cristina , Biglioli Federico , Autelitano Luca 
Published: April 2021

Background: Closure of wide alveolar clefts with large soft tissue gaps and reconstruction of the dentoalveolar defect are challenging for the surgeon. Some authors successfully used interdental segmental distraction, which requires an additional surgical procedure. Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of tooth borne devices utilized to orthopedically advance the lesser segments, with a complete approximation of the soft tissue of the alveolar stumps, allowing traditional simultaneous soft tissue closure and bone grafting, and avoiding the need for supplementary surgery. Methods: Eight growing patients, 2 with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 6 with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP), with large soft tissue and bony alveolar defects prior to bone grafting were prospectively selected. A banded rapid palatal expander (RPE) in BCLP and a modified RPE in UCLP combined with protraction face mask in younger patients or a modified Alt-Ramec in patients older than 12 years were applied. Radiographic and photographic records were available at T0, at the end of protraction (T1) and at least 1 year after bone grafting (T2). Results: Patients with large gaps showed a significant reduction in the bony cleft area and approximation of the soft tissues at T1. All patients received bone grafting with good healing and ossification at T2. Conclusion: In growing patients with UCLP and BCLP with large gaps, presurgical orthodontic protraction seems to be an efficient method to reduce the cleft defect, minimizing the risk of post grafting fistulas, reducing the need for supplementary surgical procedures.