bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desensitization Therapy in Kidney Transplantation Cases with Positive Baseline Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch and High Donor-Specific Antibodies
Authors: Sinha Vijay Kumar , Singh Ravi Kumar , Devra Amit Kumar , Choudhary Lok Prakash , Singh Khushboo , Pandey Prashant , Pande Amit 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The objective of the study is to assess the graft and patient outcome after desensitization in human leukocyte antigen incompatible kidney transplantation (KT) with positive baseline complement-dependent cytotoxic (CDC) crossmatch and high mean fluorescein intensity (MFI) of donor-specific antibodies (DSA).

Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted at Jaypee Hospital, Noida. This study included highly sensitized patients who were transplanted with positive CDC and DSA >10,000 MFI for single antigen or >5000 MFI for multiple donor antigens. The patient's renal outcomes were documented. The desensitization protocol consisted of rituximab, therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPE), and thymoglobulin.

Results:
A total of five patients who had positive CDC crossmatch with very high level of preformed DSA underwent KT. Three patients had end-stage renal disease due to diabetic kidney disease while other two due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and chronic glomerulonephritis. All the patients were on dialysis. The MFI by Luminex single antigen bead assay for Class I varied from 1657 to 23440 and for Class II varied from undetectable to 11120. The mean number of pretransplant TPE sessions given per patient was 7.8 ± 2.68 and posttransplant TPE sessions per patient was 0.8 ± 0.45. The mean follow-up period was 308.2 days. Mean creatinine on the day of discharge was 0.58 ± 0.17 mg/dL. None of the patients had any postoperative infections or rejections.

Conclusion:
The current report showed favorable short-term patient and graft outcomes post-KT without any postoperative infections or rejections with desensitization therapy comprising of rituximab, TPE, and thymoglobulin induction.
Erectile Dysfunction in Renal Transplant Patient - A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sadasukhi Nripesh , Patel Ketul , Sadasukhi T. C. , Gupta Manish , Gupta H. L. , Sharma Ashish , Malik Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Erectile dysfunction (ED), defined as an inability to obtain or maintain an erection adequate for satisfactory sexual function, is present in up to 50–80% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1). The rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was shown to be 75%, whereas it decreased to 59% in kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs).

Materials and Methods:
A 264 Renal Transplant Patient is included in this study. Both male and female patient included in this study. The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire – 5 (IIEF-5) (SHIM) Scoring systems is used.

Results:
Total 264 patients are included in the study.34 patients not responded. According to SHIM score 4 patients have sever erectile dysfunction, 21 patient have moderate erectile dysfunction, 78 patients have mild to moderate erectile dysfunction, 104 patients have mild erectile dysfunction and 23 patients have no erectile dysfunction. After 1 year of renal transplant, according to SHIM score 3 patients have sever erectile dysfunction,14 patient have moderate erectile dysfunction, 47 patients have mild to moderate erectile dysfunction, 67 patients have mild erectile dysfunction and 99 patients have no erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion:
IIEF-5 is an effective means to establish and diagnose the erectile dysfunction. Advance age, prolonged dialysis, diabetes mellitus and smoking were important risk factors for erectile dysfunction. The incidence of ED in patients with ERSD and KTRs is quite high, and its management is particularly difficult due to many interfering factors.
Anxiolytic effects of silibinin and naringenin on zebrafish model
Authors: Nachammai V. , Jeyabalan Srikanth , Muthusamy Sivakumar 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
Stress exacerbates the pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the frequently used model for experimental studies of stress and other central nervous system disorders, was used to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of flavonoids, namely silibinin and naringenin on alleviating acute stress-induced anxiety.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A molecular docking study with Molegro Virtual Docker software was done to assess the binding potential of flavonoids on serotonin and dopamine receptors. To determine the bioactivity and investigate the toxicity of the flavonoids, silibinin, and naringenin, brine shrimp lethality assay, and an acute toxicity study was conducted according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 203. The effect of silibinin and naringenin was assessed using behavioral tasks such as the novel tank assay and the light-dark test on the zebrafish model of acute stress.

RESULTS:
Molecular docking studies showed a higher affinity of silibinin and naringenin for the serotonin and dopamine receptors. In comparison to the LC50 value, 13.15 μg/ml of the reference standard potassium dichromate, silibinin, and naringenin yielded higher LC50 values, 34.10 μg/ml and 91.33 μg/ml, respectively. The LC50 value of silibinin and naringenin was observed to be >100 mg/l from the acute toxicity study on adult zebrafish. After transferring to a novel tank, silibinin and naringenin-treated zebrafish groups were found to explore the upper level of the tank, similar to standard drugs, and spent a long time in the upper level of the tank compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Both silibinin and naringenin treatment group spent increased amounts of time in the tank's illuminated part in contrast to that of the dark side as evidenced by the number of zebrafish entering or remaining in the illuminated part of the tank through the light-dark test. Silibinin and naringenin treated groups were found to spend increased time in the light side significantly on the day 15th of evaluation as compared to the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
The flavonoids, silibinin, and naringenin were found to mitigate acute stress-induced anxiety, owing to their anxiolytic properties in the zebrafish model and may be explored as the potential therapeutic agents for treating anxiety.
Efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri on improving liver functions in patients with alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Sowjanya Karri , Girish Chandrashekaran , Bammigatti Chanaveerappa , Lakshmi Nakka Chandrasekhar Prasanna 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Phyllanthus niruri, a traditional herbal medicine, was found to be hepatoprotective as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no clinical trials available to date to evaluate its efficacy in alcoholic hepatitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study is a block randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm placebo-controlled trial that was designed to assess the efficacy of P. niruri on the liver and renal function parameters, total oxidant and antioxidant levels in alcoholic hepatitis patients in comparison to placebo over a 4-week period. Patients were screened by CAGE questionnaire, and those with a confirmed diagnosis of mild–moderate alcoholic hepatitis based on laboratory findings and Maddrey's discriminant function score were randomly allocated to treatment and placebo arms. Clinical assessments were done at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. A total of 454 patients were screened and 100 eligible patients were recruited for the study, and 71 were analyzed using the modified intention-to-treat approach.

RESULTS:
Serum levels of liver and renal function parameters failed to demonstrate significant improvement with P. niruri. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the level of total antioxidants with P. niruri (P = 0.034) with an additional appetite stimulant activity (P = 0.03) in 4 weeks.

CONCLUSION:
A 4-week administration of P. niruri in mild–moderate alcoholic hepatitis patients showed an improvement in the total antioxidant levels with an appetite stimulant activity compared to a placebo.
In silico binding analysis of lutein and rosmarinic acid against envelope domain III protein of dengue virus
Authors: Panchal Ritesh , Bapat Sanket , Mukherjee Sandeepan , Chowdhary Abhay 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
The study was performed to evaluate in silico binding ability of lutein and rosmarinic acid (RA) with the envelope domain III (EDIII) proteins of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), enlightening potential antiviral activity of the two compounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
EDIII protein structures for the four DENV serotypes were retrieved from RCSB Protein data bank (PDB) and used as receptors. Four ligands of lutein and four of RA were selected from the ZINC database and used for computational molecular docking and ligand interaction analysis with the four receptors using bioinformatics tools like AutoDock Vina and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software.

RESULTS:
The EDIII of the four serotypes demonstrated significant interaction with ligands of lutein and RA. RA ligand ZINC00899870, particularly presented best binding energy values of -6.4, -7.0, and -6.9 kcal/mol with EDIII of serotype DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 respectively. Whereas, lutein ligand, ZINC14879959 presented best binding energy value of -7.9 kcal/mol for EDIII of serotype DENV-3. From the results predicted by MOE, the hydroxyl (OH) of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl group of RA ligand ZINC00899870 is actively involved in interaction with all four serotypes.

CONCLUSION:
RA is a competent candidate for further evaluation of potential in vitro antiviral activity that can be effective in conferring protection against the four serotypes of DENV.
The Association Between Dietary Intake of Sodium, Potassium, and Na
Authors: Salehi-sahlabadi Ammar , Mirfazli Elham , Teymoori Farshad , Roosta Sajjad , Mokari Amin , Azadi Mina , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: December 2021

Backgrounds:
Dietary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) relationship with chronic disease has drawn more attention recently. Epidemiological studies reported controversial findings about high salt and Na diets with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and studies about the association between K and NAFLD are scare. Present study aimed to examine the associations between dietary intake of Na, K, and Na:K ratio with the risk of NAFLD.

Methods:
We analyzed data from a case–control study of 225 patients with NAFLD cases and 450 controls. Dietary intake of Na and K measured using a validated 168 item food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to report odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) of NAFLD across tertiles of Na, K, and Na:K ratio.

Results:
The mean ± standard deviation of age and body mass index of participants (47% female) were 38.1 ± 8.8 years and 26.8 ± 4.3 Kg/m2. In the age- and sex-adjusted model, there was any significant association between Na, K, and Na: K ratio with the risk of NAFLD. In the final adjusted model, the OR (95%CI) of the highest vs the lowest tertiles of K, Na, and Na:K was 0.39 (0.19–0.80), 0.71 (0.40–1.25), and 1.10 (0.61–1.97), respectively.

Conclusion:
The present study indicates that higher dietary K was related to lower odds of NAFLD; however, there was no association between dietary Na and Na: K ratio with odds of NAFLD.
Choquet utility depending on the state of nature
Authors: Abdou Issouf , Andriamanantena Philibert , RAVELOMANANA Mamy Raoul , Rakotozafy Rivo 
Published: December 2021

This article, which is part of the general framework of mathematics applied to economics, is a decision-making model in total ignorance. Such an environment is characterized by the absence of a law of distribution of the states of nature allowing having good forecasts or anticipations. Based primarily on the integral of Choquet, this model allows aggregating the different states of nature in order to make a better decision. This integral of Choquet imposes itself with respect to the complexity of the environment and also by its relevance of aggregation of the interactive or conflicting criteria. The present model is a combination of the Schmeidler model and the Brice Mayag algorithm for the determination of Choquet 2-additive capacity. It fits into the framework of subjective models and provides an appropriate response to the Ellsberg paradox.
Cet article qui s'inscrit dans le cadre général des mathématiques appliquées à l'économie est un modèle de prise de décision dans l'ignorance totale. Un tel environnement est caractérisé par l'absence d'une loi de distribution des états de la nature permettant d'avoir des bonnes prévisions ou anticipations. Se basant principalement sur l'intégrale de Choquet, ce modèle permet d'agréger les différents états de la nature afin de prendre une meilleure décision. Cette intégrale de Choquet s'impose par rapport à la complexité de l'environnement et aussi par son caractère pertinent d'agrégation des critères interactifs ou conflictuels. Le présent modèle est une combinaison du modèle de Schmeidler et de l'algorithme de Brice Mayag pour la détermination de la capacité 2-additive de Choquet. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre des modèles subjectifs et apporte une réponse appropriée au paradoxe d'Ellsberg.
Antecedentes de la teoría del crimen y el castigo en los Fundamentos de la filosofía del Derecho
Authors: Miranda Mora Ana María 
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se reconstruyen algunos antecedentes de la teoría del crimen y el castigo de la filosofía del derecho de Hegel la luz de la pregunta por el rol de la coerción en su justificación del castigo penal y su noción de derecho. Se muestra cómo la discusión normativa sobre el castigo y el crimen implica en su filosofía, la pregunta por la legitimidad del derecho penal para enforzar (to enforce) la ley por medio del castigo. Asimismo, se ubica el análisis de Hegel como parte de la reforma Ilustrada de la pena y se propone entender su teoría como una teoría mixta, en contraste con las teorías que afirman una lectura prioritariamente retributivista. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el contexto teórico y los antecedentes históricos de su teoría del crimen y el castigo que cristalizan en los Fundamentos de la filosofía del Derecho de Berlín. Para concluir, se argumenta que la teoría de Hegel es una teoría mixta, es decir, que combina su carácter retributivo con funciones sociales adicionales, como la disuasión y la rehabilitación, y se rechaza la tesis que sostiene que la teoría más sustantiva del castigo de Hegel está contenida en el Derecho Abstracto. Asimismo, se muestra que la justificación completa de la legitimación de la pena (Strafe) sólo se alcanza en la dimensión de la Administración de la justicia en el apartado de la Sociedad Civil.
System of Governance in Malaysia, and the Extent of its Effectiveness in Islamic Banks and their Windows in Algeria
Authors: Chourana Mohamed , Bensayah Sana , Kashi Aghilas 
Published: December 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف بصفة أساسية على مبادئ الحوكمة في المصارف الإسلامية وقياس مدى تطبيق تلك المبادئ في المصارف الإسلامية بالجزائر، لأنّ ما يميز الصيرفة الإسلامية هو وجود هيئة رقابية شرعية تنظر في الأنشطة والعقود التي تنتج عنها، وهذا ما يجعلها رائدة في عالم المال، لاتخاذ الشريعة الإسلامية مرجعا لها في كل البنود. ولذلك فإن بعض الدول وعلى رأسهم ماليزيا قامت بانشاء المجلس الإستشاري الشرعي على مستوى البنك المركزي الماليزي، وهو بمثابة السلطة المخولة بالتحقق من تطبيق أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية والإلزام بها في أعمال المصارف الإسلامية، وهو ما يمثل بالحوكمة الشرعية للمصارف الإسلامية. ويعمل هذا البحث على دراسة مدى توفير الإدارة السياسية على البنية التحتية اللاّزمة لتطوير الصناعة المالية الإسلامية في الجزائر الناشئة في كل أبعادها القانونية والشرعية والمالية، وهل يمكن إقامة نظام حوكمة شرعية بضوابطها ومعاييرها في إدارة المصارف الإسلامية بالجزائر، وإنشاء قانون مركزي للمجالس الاستشارية والشرعية؟ وما مدى اعتبار نظام الحوكمة ومدى فعاليته في المصارف الإسلامية، بالاستفادة من التجربة الماليزية؟ خصوصا وأن البنوك الإسلامية الجزائرية لا تحظى بثقة المجتمع المدني بسبب غياب أسس الحوكمة الشرعية بها
الكلمات المفتاحية: حوكمة شرعية، المالية الإسلامية، الجزائر، ماليزيا

Abstract
This study aimed mainly at identifying the principles of governance in Islamic banks and measuring the extent to which these principles are applied in Islamic banks in Algeria, because what distinguishes Islamic banking is the existence of a Sharia supervisory board that looks at the activities and contracts that result from it. Islamic law as a reference for it in all items. Some countries, on top of them Malaysia, have established the Sharia advisory board at the level of the Central Bank of Malaysia, which is the authority empowered to verify the implementation of the provisions of Islamic law and its obligation in the work of Islamic banks Which represents the Sharia governance of Islamic banks. This research studies the extent to which the political administration provides the necessary infrastructure for the development of the emerging Islamic financial industry in Algeria in all fields, legal, sharia and Financial. Is it possible to establish a Sharia governance system with its controls and standards in the management of Islamic banks in Algeria, and to establish a central law for advisory and Sharia councils? And to what extent is the governance system considered and the extent of its effectiveness considered in Islamic banks, taking advantage of the Malaysian experience? Especially since Algerian Islamic banks do not have the confidence of civil society due to the absence of legitimate governance foundations in them.
Keywords: Islamic governance, Islamic finance, Algeria, Malaysia
Islam's Interest in Infrastructure; A Descriptive Historical Study
Authors: Ubaid Hasan Saleh Abdulmajid , Assaghir Bahmi Abdulrahim 
Published: December 2021

بحث فقهاء الإسلام العقود بشكل عام في الفقه الإسلامي، وتناولوا جُل المباحث العقدية المالية بالدراسة والتحليل الفقهي، بينما قل ما تجد جد دراسة مستوفية لواقع الاهتمام بالبنية التحتية من الناحية التاريخية وإبراز ذلك من الجانب المقاصدي، فخلفاء الإسلام كانوا حريصين على العمران كتعبيد الطرقات، وتوفير الإضاءة، ومشاريع المياه، والمستشفيات، بحسب متطلبات تلك المرحلة وإمكانيتاها، وقد كان الاهتمام ببناء المساجد والمدارس وتوفير المياه مبكراً، فإن أول حدث يطالعنا في هجرة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بناء المسجد (الذي كان يعتبر مركز عبادة وقضاء وتعليم)، ثم الحث على شراء بئر رومة، وقد أثنى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على من أسرج المسجد وسماه سراجا، وتعتبر دار الأرقم ابن أبي الأرقم مركز تعليمي، وقد كان يسمى (دار القراء) كل هذه الأحداث تبين اهتمام الشريعة بالبنية التحتية، تأصيلاً، وتطبيقاً، وعلى هذا الأمر سار كثيراً من خلفاء العصر الإسلامي، وهذ الأمر يحتاج إلى إبراز لتعزيز الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر وبيان كلية الدين، من حيث اهتمامها بكافة الجوانب الحياتية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: البنية التحتية، العمران، العصر الإسلامي.
Abstract
Jurists discussed the matter of contracts in Islamic jurisprudence generally. They dealt with study and analysis most of the financial ideological issues in jurisprudence. However, there is a scarceness in competent studies that meet the reality of interest in infrastructure from historical terms as well as highlighting this from the lawful side. Moreover, we can see that the successors of Islam were aware for the matter of urbanism such as paving roads, providing lighting, water projects, and hospitals, according to the requirements and possibilities of that stage. Consequently, the interest in building mosques and schools as well as providing water early, appeared clearly; so, the first event which we read it in the migration of the Prophet (PBUH) was the construction of the mosque (which was considered a center of worship, justice and education), and then urged the purchase of a 'Ruma Well'. Furthermore, the Prophet (PBUH) praised that one who lightened the mosque and called him a 'Sraj' (light). In addition, we cannot forget 'Dar Al-Arkam ibn Abi Al-Arkam' which considered an educational center, which was called 'Dar Al-Qra'a' (House of Readers). Therefore, all these events show the interest of Sharia in infrastructure on the provenance and application. As such, many of the successors of the Islamic era have followed, for that; this matter needs to be highlighted to promote contemporary Islamic thought and the statement of the reality of religion, in terms of its interest in all aspects of life.
Keywords: Infrastructure, Urbanism, Islamic Era.
Role of Educational Tools and Aids in Teaching and Learning Arabic Language and Its Basics Skills for Non-Native Speakers
Authors: Elhag Abd ElGadir Ibrahim Babikir 
Published: December 2021

الحمدُ لله الذي خلق السموات والأرض جعل الظلمات والنور، مَنْ يهد الله فهو المهتد ومن يضلل فلن تجد له وليّا مرشدا، والصلاة والسلام على أشرف خلق الله سيدنا محمد بن عبد الله، وعلى آله وأصحابه الطيبين الطاهرين ومن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين وبعد. الناطقون بغير العربية يواجهون مشكلات متعددة في تعلّم المهارات الأساسية للغة العربية، فكثيرٌ منهم ليس لديهم الكفايات اللازمة في إتقان مهارات اللغة العربية وممارستها، وقد أثبتت الدراسات والبحوث الحديث أن المهارات اللغوية لها دورٌ كبير ومهم في هذا العصر، الذي تطورت فيه أدوات التواصال الاجتماعي والتكنولوجي، على الرغم من أن المهارات تؤثرُ في بعضها البعض، إلا أنّ كثيرا من الطلاب تواجههم مشكلات وصعوبات في التواصل اللغوي مع الآخرين، وكيفية اختيار الجمل والتراكيب وفهم المعنى، ويرى الباحث أن الحدّ من صعوبة تعلّم المهارات الأساسية للغة العربية يرجعُ إلى عدم استخدام الوسائل التعليمية بدقة وتوظيفها التوظيف الصحيح في تعليم المهارات خاصة مهارة المحادثة، وكذلك دقة عرضها على الطلاب حتى تؤثرَ تأثيرا إيجابيا في نفوس الطلاب ومستوى إداراكهم وتفكيرهم، وحتى يستطيعَ المعلم أنْ يصلَ إلى النتائج المرجوة التي يسعى لتحقيقها، ومن الأمور ذات الصلة بموضوع تعليم مهارات وتعلّمها مما يستدعي إيجاد الحلول لها ومعالجتها، تتمثل في المفاهيم الخاطئة والنظرة السالبة لدى المعلم تجاه الوسائل التعليمية وإهمال استخدامها، بالإضافة لعدم قدرة بعض المعلمين على كيفية استخدام الأدوات والوسائل الاستخدام الأمثل خلال العملية التعليمية وتوظيف خصائصها ومميزاتها لتعليم المهارات، فلكل وسيلة تعليمية خصائصها ومميزاتها التي تميزها عن الأخرى، خاصة الوسائل التعليمية الحديثة التي لها قدرة كبيرة في إثارة انتباه الطلاب وترغيبهم في تعليم وتعلم اللغة العربية ومهاراتها.
عقوبة الإعدام في القانون الليبي والشريعة الإسلامية
Authors: H Belkasem Boufaris Salaheden 
Published: December 2021

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على مفهوم عقوبة الإعدام واستكشاف الحالات التي يجب الحكم فيها بالإعدام. وتكمن مشكلة الدراسة إلى استناد القانون الليبي في نصوصه إلى الشريعة الإسلامية. وتبرز أهمية الدراسة في تسليط الضوء على نصوص القانون الليبي والشريعة الإسلامية. وتتمحور أهداف الدراسة في تبيان مفهوم عقوبة الإعدام في القانون الليبي والشريعة الإسلامية وإيضاح الجرائم التي يستلزم فيها تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام في القانون الليبي والشريعة الإسلامية. واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الإستقرائي لإستقراء نصوص الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الليبي. كما اتبعت المنهج التحليلي لتحليل نصوص القانون الليبي في تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام. ولقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج من بينها أن الشريعة الإسلامية هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع. كما أن القانون الليبي لايمكنها أن تتخلى عن تطبيق عن تطبيق عقوبة الإعدام في نظامها العقابي. ولقد أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إعادة تبويب وتصنيف القانون الليبي بما يسمح من توضيح نصوص القانون الليبي في عقوبة الإعدام.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to determine the idea of the death penalty and research of the cases where the death sentence might be regulated. The predicament of the research, the Libyan law is based on the Islamic Shariah law, so it relies on the information according to Shariah. So, it signified both the Libyan law and Islamic Shariah. The research also recognized the systematic procedure to analyze the topics of the Libyan law about the execution of the death penalty. The study resolved from the conclusions that the Shariah is the main source of authorization to legalize the death penalty in the Libyan regulatory system. The study also revealed that the death penalty in Libya is under penal law so there is no possibility to surrender once the death penalty is legalized by the court. So, the study recommends that the Libyan law is required to amend in regards to the death sentence.