bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instrument for Studying the Oxygen Transport in Capillaries
Authors: Molebna Maria S. 
Published: July 2021

A possibility has been studied of the process of oxygen transfer to the tissues through the capillaries. Oxymetry principle is applied at the microscopic level. A prototype of the device has been designed and manufactured based on a measuring microscope and a spatially high-definition videocamera. Proposed and designed is the illumination schematic. The instrument structure is described including its parts, as well as the idea of image processing, the latter being acquired in different sections of the spectrum. In the studies, the narrow-band illumination was used in the regions of spectral lines 527 nm, 585 nm, and 650 nm, that were selected by the interference filters with transmission bandwidths 10-12 nm.
New Triaxial Connection Safety Factor for Tubular Design
Authors: Goodman Malcolm A. 
Published: July 2021

Summary
The American Petroleum Institute (API) equation for internal leak of API connections is uniaxial because it ignores axial force and external backup pressure. The ISO 13679 (2002) standard for qualification of premium connections is biaxial at best. It includes tension/compression but ignores backup pressure for both internal and external leak tests. For tubular design, this paper introduces a new fully triaxial safety factor for threaded connections with dependence on thread shear and hydrostatic pressure. Triaxial hydrostatic behavior is modeled with the mean normal stress, and thread shear behavior is modeled with the shear component of the von Mises stress. A leak line for use like the pipe body ellipse is proposed for quick leak assessment. Leak ratings and correlation with finite element analysis (FEA) results are presented for an example case of a 7-in. 35-ppf N80 long-thread-casing (LTC) connection. The new triaxial safety factor with two connection constants applies to all types of threaded connections, including tubing, casing, and drillpipe, so long as the two constants are evaluated with appropriate but simple physical tests.
Physiological and behavioural responses of modification psychomotor task in the virtual reality on cycling
Authors: Zainuddin Nurul Farha , Jamaludin Mohd Najeb , Zulkapri Izwyn , Hasan Hosni , Ibrahim Halijah , Miswan Mohd Syafiq 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Road cycling requires cyclists to deal naturally with uncertain environments due to different terrain and responses from competitors. Hence, virtual reality is an alternative tool to provide a safe and competitive environment especially for training and performance during competition. This study intends to evaluate the effects of task difficulty levels in the developed virtual reality on alpha/beta ratio, power output, heart rate, and cadence. The eight cyclists were recruited from National Sport School. The environment of virtual reality is modified from the available virtual reality smart trainer TACX system. The one-way multivariate of variance (MANOVA) identified the effect of 5 different levels of the psychomotor task (independent variables) in the virtual reality on multiple variables of physiological responses. The results from MANOVA revealed a statistically significant multivariate main effect (p < 0.05) for the 5 levels of task difficulty in road cycling when considered jointly on the variables of alpha/beta ratio, power output, heart rate, and cadence; Wilk’s λ = 0.28, F(16,98) = 3.19, partial η2 = 0.27. Alternative nonparametric test for a smaller number of participants also shows there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the 5 levels of task difficulty on alpha/beta ratio and cadence. The result of cadence suggested human interaction with the virtual reality specifically during a psychomotor task to road cycling. The significant effects on the joint physiological responses ensure that the evaluation of the experiment from the procedure of developed task difficulty in the virtual reality is practical and applicable. Future studies could consider an involvement of cognitive functions in response to behavioural mechanism.
Effect of Mechanical Properties On Light Weight Sustainable Concrete With The Use of Waste Coconut Shell As Replacement For Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Natarajan Karthiga Shenbagam , Ramalingasekar Dhivya , Palanisamy Sushmitha , Ashokan Mohanraj 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Concrete is one of the most important material that is used in the construction industry all around the world. A larger part of the capacity in concrete is generally employed by the coarse aggregate. Due to the tremendous use of coarse aggregate in the construction industry the material is getting degraded. In order to preserve the natural material, we are in search of an alternate material that can be used in concrete instead of the original one. So in this research work a try has been attempted to study the mechanical behaviour of light weight concrete when we use coarse aggregate as waste coconut shell inside concrete. To improve the strength of concrete we also use the sisal fibers in various proportions ranging between 1% to 5% in accordance to the binder weight. After the mechanical properties tests such as the compression test, spilt tensile strength, flexural test, modulus of elasticity test, impact resistant test were conducted finally it was concluded that there was increment in the compression strength up to 5%, tensile strength was increased to 17% elastic modulus to 7% when the fiber content used was 3%. Thus with the use of these waste materials it was found that the concrete's strength gets increased and it leads to the formation of sustainable concrete thus reducing the pollution in the environment.
The Strong Correlation Between ADAM33 Expression and Airway Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Candidate for Biomarker and Treatment of COPD
Authors: Fachri Muhammad , Hatta Mochammad , Massi Muhammad Nasrum , Santoso Arif , Wikanningtyas Tri Ariguntar , Dwiyanti Ressy , Junita Ade Rifka , Primaguna Muhammad Reza , Sabir Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an amplified response of the normal immune system that occurs as a result of chronic irritation by toxic substances, such as cigarette smoke. This leads to the characteristic pathological changes in the inflammatory cells of COPD patients. ADAM33 has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD in East Asia by affecting airway inflammation and other immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of ADAM33 (mRNA and soluble levels) as a biomarker of inflammation in COPD patients. This is a case-control study using consecutive sampling. The COPD case and control (non-COPD) groups comprised 37 and 29 patients, respectively. We used univariate analysis to assess differences in the parameters between the groups and bivariate analysis to non-parametrically compare these parameters between the two groups. We observed significantly higher mRNA levels of ADAM33 in the COPD patients (10.39 ± 1.76) as compared to that in the non-COPD individuals (6.93 ± 0.39; p < 0.001). The levels of soluble ADAM33 were also significantly higher in the COPD patients (2.188 ± 1.142 ng/ml) compared to the non-COPD individuals (0.487 ± 0.105 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The mRNA and soluble ADAM33 levels were significantly higher in COPD patients compared to those in the parameter-matched non-COPD individuals. Thus, ADAM33 is a potential biomarker and treatment for inflammation in COPD patients.
Heavy Metal Distribution and Bioaccumulation Combined with Ecological and Human Health Risk Evaluation in a Typical Urban Plateau Lake, Southwest China
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhang Junqian , Huang Xiaolong , Zhang Lu , Yang Chao , Li Enhua , Wang Zhi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in lakes caused by the rapid industrialization and urbanization is a serious problem. In this study, 12 heavy metals were systematically surveyed in aquatic environment and organisms of Dianchi Lake. Results showed that heavy metals pollutions in surface water exhibited a decreasing order of Ba > Fe > Zn > Mn > As > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd > Co, equipped a consistency in spatial distribution, seriously contaminating the northern and southern parts. The average concentration of sedimentary heavy metals appeared in an order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Ba > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Ni > Co > Cd > Ag. The main existing fraction (51.9–75.0%) of Cu, Pb, Cr, As, Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, and Ba in sediments was residual fraction, whereas the exchangeable fraction (40.9–62.0%) was the dominant component for Cd, Zn, and Mn. Among the selected aquatic organisms, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ag possessed a strong bioaccumulation effect, followed by Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. Ecological risk assessment indicated that Cu, Cr, and Zn were the dominant heavy metal contaminants in surface water; Cd presented the disastrous risk and accounted for the considerable proportion of ecological risk in sediments. Human health risk evaluation showed that the selected aquatic products of Dianchi Lake were not absolutely safe, and As was the major contributor. This study systematically revealed heavy metal distributions in aquatic environments, which was conductive to environmental safety and human health.
Image Driven Hydrological Components Based Fish Habitability Modeling in Riparian Wetlands Triggered by Damming
Authors: Pal Swades , Khatun Rumki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Assessing fish habitability in pursuance of damming for some selected fishes in wetland of Indo-Bangladesh barind tract using hydrological ingredients like hydro-period, water depth, and water presence consistency is major focus of the present study. Rule based decision tree modeling has been applied for integrating aforesaid hydrological parameters to find out habitat suitability for some selected fishes like carp fishes, shrimps, tilapia and cat fishes both for pre-dam and post-dam periods. From this work it is highlighted that damming has accelerated the rate of wetland deterioration in forms of hydrological flow alteration i.e. inconsistency in water presence has increased, hydro-duration became shortened and water depth has attenuated. From the model it is very clear that a small proportion area was considered to be good fish habitat (16.54–39.90%) in pre-dam period, but after damming almost all parts have become least suitable for fish habitability. Field survey has confirmed that fishing quantity, growing rate of fishes was higher in pre-dam situation but it is reduced gradually during post-dam period. Image driven hydrological parameters to model fish habitability is a new approach but important parameters like food availability, water quality parameters could also be incorporated in order to get better result.
Relay Assisted Spectrum Sensing in Presence of IQ Imbalance in Multi-Channel System
Authors: Sahu Amaresh Kumar , Mahapatro Arunanshu , Patra Radheshyam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The increasing demand of wireless technology leads to a need for dynamic spectrum access that is positively accomplished by cognitive radio (CR) technology. For its acceptable efficiency it needs a robust detection scheme which detect the spectrum holes. This paper investigates a cooperative spectrum sensing method for a relay-based cognitive radio network. In general relay is a low cost device and is more prone to hardware impairment such as In-phase and Quadrature-phase Imbalance (IQI), which can considerably limit the capabilities of sensing spectrum holes. This work studies the energy detection (ED) based spectrum sensing in multi-channel receiver scenarios that are affected by IQI. The detection and false alarm probabilities considering Gaussian primary user signal models are derived. Our results are simulation based and verified with theoretical findings.
Plasma and Urine Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients With Adrenal Tumors
Authors: Choromańska Barbara , Myśliwiec Piotr , Kozłowski Tomasz , Łukasiewicz Jerzy , Vasilyevich Harelik Petr , Dadan Jacek , Zalewska Anna , Maciejczyk Mateusz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Total antioxidant capacity better characterizes the redox status of the biological system than the determination of individual antioxidants separately. This study is the first to assess the total antioxidant/oxidant status in the plasma and urine of patients with adrenal tumors. The study group consisted of 60 patients (31 women and 29 men) with adrenal masses, classified into three subgroups: non-functional incidentaloma, pheochromocytoma and Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma. The number of patients was set a priori based on our previous experiment (α = 0.05, test power = 0.9) Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased in incidentaloma patients, whereas in pheochromocytoma group was decreased. Plasma and urine total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were significantly higher in patients with adrenal tumors. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) was decreased in plasma and urine, while DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antiradical activity only in plasma of patients with adrenal masses. In pheochromocytoma patients, plasma and urine TAC, as well as plasma DPPH and FRAP correlated positively with methanephrine and normethanephrine. Reduced levels of TAC, DPPH and FRAP clearly indicate a reduced ability to scavenge free radicals and thus a lack of effective protection against oxidative stress in patients with adrenal tumors. Therefore, those patients are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress and oxidative damage, which can lead to impaired cellular metabolism. Both plasma and urine redox biomarkers can be used to assess systemic antioxidant status in adrenal tumor patients.
Mechanical, Barrier, Adhesion and Antibacterial Properties of Pullulan / Graphene Bio Nanocomposite Coating on Spray Coated Nanocellulose Film for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Shanmugam Ragavanantham , Mayakrishnan Vishnuvarthanan , Kesavan Radhakrishnan , Shanmugam Kirubanandan , Veeramani Subha , Ilangovan Rajangam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite was prepared and coated on the nanocellulose film to improve the surface, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties. The nanocellulose films were prepared by using a spray coating of nanocellulose suspension on stainless steel plates. The graphene nanoparticles were prepared by the modified Hummers method. The pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposites were prepared by solvent method with the addition of various wt% (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) of graphene with pullulan. The coating was carried out by the roller coating method. Results showed that the increased graphene nanoparticles in pullulan coating increased the opacity, surface hydrophobicity, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate and watervapour transmission rate of the coated nanocellulose film. Also, the coated film showed excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative E.coli and gram-positive S.aureus. In this research work, it was concluded that the graphene nanoparticles of 0.2 wt% showed efficient results. The exceptional properties of the pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite coating on the nanocellulose film will give a new pathway to high performance food packaging applications.
Smart AMD Prognosis through cellphone: An Innovative Localized AI Based Prediction System for Anti-VEGF Treatment Prognosis in Nonagenarians and Centenarians.
Authors: Qidwai Uvais , Qidwai Umair , Raja Muhammad , Burton Ben 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective Age-related macular-degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common reasons for blindness in the world today. The most common treatment for wet AMD is the intra-vitreal injections for inhibiting Vascular-Endothelial-Derived-Growth-Factor (VEGF). This treatment usually involves multiple injections and thus multiple clinic visits which not only causes increased cost on national health services but also causes exposure to the hospital environment which is sometimes high risk considering current COVID crisis. The treatment, in spite of the above concerns, is usually effective. However, in some cases, either the medicine fails to produce the anticipated favorable outcome, resulting in waste of time, medication, efforts, and above all, psychological distress to the patients. Hence, early predictability of anatomical as well as functional effectiveness of the treatment appears to be a very desirable capability to have. Method A Machine Learning approach using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) two-sample prediction model has been presented that requires only the base line measurements and changes in Visual Acuity (VA) as well as Macular Thickness (MAC) after four months of treatment to estimate the values of VA and MAC at 8th and 12th months. In contrast to most of the AI techniques, ANFIS approach has shown the capability of the algorithm to work with very small dataset as well, which makes it a perfect candidate for the presented solution. Results The presented model has shown to have a very high accuracy (>92%) and works in near-real-time scenarios. It has been converted into a smart-phone-App, OphnosisAMD, for convenient usage. With this App, the clinician can visualize the progression of the patient for a specific treatment and can decide on continuing or changing the treatment accordingly. The complete AI-engine developed with ANFIS algorithm is localized to the phone through the App, implying that there is no need for internet or cloud connectivity for this App to function. This makes it ideal for remote usage, especially under the current COVID scenarios. Conclusions With a smart AI-based App on their fingertips, the presented system provides ample opportunity to the doctors to make a better decision based on the estimated progression, if the same drug is continued with (Good/Fair Prognosis) or alternate treatment should be sought (Bad Prognosis). From a functional point of view, a prediction algorithm is triggered through simple entry of the relevant parameters (base-line and 4 months only). No internet/cloud connectivity is needed since the algorithm and the trained network are fully embedded in the App locally. Hence, using the App in remote and/or non-connected isolated areas is possible, especially in the secluded patients during the COVID scenarios.
Comparing Deep and Shallow Neural Networks in Forecasting Call Center Arrivals
Authors: Manno Andrea , Rossi Fabrizio , Smriglio Stefano , Cerone Luigi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forecasting volumes of incoming calls is the first step of the workforce planning process in call centers and represents a prominent issue from both research and industry perspectives. We investigate the application of Neural Networks to predict incoming calls 24 hours ahead. In particular, a Deep Learning method known as Echo State Networks, is compared with a completely different shallow Neural Networks strategy, in which the lack of recurrent connections is compensated by a careful input selection. The comparison, carried out on three different real world datasets, reveals similar predictive performance, although the shallow approach seems to be more robust and less demanding in terms of time-to-predict.
A tug of war between filament treadmilling and myosin induced contractility generates actin cortex
Authors: Ni Qin , Wagh Kaustubh , Upadhyaya Arpita , Papoian Garegin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In most eukaryotic cells, actin filaments assemble into a shell-like actin cortex under the plasma membrane, controlling cellular morphology, mechanics, and signaling. The actin cortex is highly polymorphic, adopting diverse forms such as the ring-like structures found in podosomes, axonal rings, and immune synapses. The biophysical principles that underlie the formation of actin cortices and their structural plasticity remain unknown. Using a molecular simulation platform, called MEDYAN, we discovered that varying the filament treadmilling rate induces a finite size phase transition in actomyosin network structure. We found that actomyosin networks condense into clusters at low treadmilling rates but form ring-like or cortex-like structures at high treadmilling rates. This mechanism is supported by our corroborating experiments on live T cells, which show that disrupting filament treadmilling induces centripetal collapse of pre-existing actin rings and the formation of clusters. Our analyses suggest that the actin cortex is a preferred state of low mechanical energy, which is, importantly, only reachable at high treadmilling rates.
Sliding of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase over DNA creates a transient P pocket – Targeting P-pocket by fragment screening
Authors: Singh Abhimanyu , Martinez Sergio , Gu Weijie , Nguyen Hoai , Schols Dominique , Herdewijn Piet , De Jonghe Steven , Das Kalyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) slides over an RNA/DNA or dsDNA substrate while copying the viral RNA to a proviral DNA. We report a crystal structure of RT/dsDNA complex in which RT overstepped the primer 3’-end of a dsDNA substrate and created a transient P-pocket at the priming site. We performed a high-throughput screening of 300 drug-like fragments by X-ray crystallography and identified binding of two to P-pocket, which is composed of structural elements from polymerase active site, primer grip, and template-primer that are resilient to drug-resistance mutations. Analogs of a fragment were synthesized of which two showed noticeable RT inhibition. An engineered RT/DNA aptamer complex trapped the transient P-pocket in solution. Structures of the RT/DNA complex were determined with a fragment and a synthesized analog bound at P-pocket by single-particle cryo-EM. Identification of P-pocket and the devised structure-based platform provide an opportunity for designing new types of polymerase inhibitors.
Health Impact Assessment of Auto Rickshaw And Cab Drivers Due To Exposure To Vehicular Pollution In Delhi: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Jain Suresh , Barthwal Vaishnavi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vehicular emission is an important contributor to air pollution in urban environment and impacts the health of commuters as well as drivers. In-vehicle concentration of pollutants is known to be higher than the ambient environment and varies with the mode of transport. Thus, this study attempts to assess the health impacts of exposure to air pollution on auto rickshaw and cab drivers. The study was conducted in Delhi using a triangular approach involving health perception survey, lung function test and in-vehicle monitoring of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) concentration to assess the health impacts of air pollution on auto rickshaw and cab drivers. Total 150 respondents (75 from each occupation) were surveyed, and spirometry was performed for 40 respondents (20 from each occupation). Binary logistic regression showed auto rickshaw drivers were exposed to significantly higher in-vehicle PM concentrations in summers as well as winters and thus, had significantly higher risk of developing respiratory, ophthalmic and dermatological health symptoms (p< 0.05 and relative risk >1). Pulmonary function test showed obstructive lung impairment was reported only among auto rickshaw drivers (6%) and restrictive lung impairment was also more prevalent among auto rickshaw drivers (48%) than cab drivers (33%), suggesting a greater vulnerability of auto rickshaw drivers to respiratory health issues. Lung function impairment was associated with age (p= 0.002). Health and wellbeing of individuals is a matter of global concern, also highlighted in sustainable development goal no. 3. However, it was observed that neither auto rickshaw drivers, nor cab drivers used formal/ standard protective measures largely due to unawareness or being unaffordable. The study suggests increasing awareness and formulate guidelines to highlight the use of proper protective measures by these vulnerable groups along with specific policy measures to protect outdoor workers like auto rickshaw drivers.