bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophoresis of soft particles with hydrophobic inner core grafted with pH‐regulated and highly charged polyelectrolyte layer
Authors: Maurya Saurabh Kumar , Sarkar Sankar , Mondal Hemanta Kumar , Ohshima Hiroyuki , Gopmandal Partha P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrophoresis of core–shell composite soft particles possessing hydrophobic inner core grafted with highly charged polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) has been studied analytically. The PEL bears pH‐dependent charge properties due to the presence of zwitterionic functional groups. The dielectric permittivity of the PEL and bulk aqueous medium were taken to be different, which resulted in the ion‐partitioning effect. Objective of this study was to provide a simple expression for the mobility of such core–shell soft particles under Donnan limit where the thickness of the PEL well exceeds the electric double layer thickness. Going beyond the widely used Debye–Hückel linearization, the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation coupled with Stokes–Darcy–Brinkman equations was solved to determine the electrophoretic mobility. The derived expression further recovers all the existing results for the electrophoretic mobility under various simplified cases. The graphical presentation of the results illustrated the impact of pertinent parameters on the electrophoretic mobility of such a soft particle.
Forecasting realized volatility of Chinese stock market: A simple but efficient truncated approach
Authors: Wen Danyan , He Mengxi , Zhang Yaojie , Wang Yudong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose a new family of the heterogeneous autoregressive realized volatility (HAR‐RV) models by considering truncated methods for predicting the RV in China's stock market. By adopting three types of critical values to recognize extremely large values of RV, we show that the modified models are simple but efficient to consistently deliver stronger in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasting performances than those of existing methods. Models that take truncated approaches into account can generate substantial economic gains in applications. We further provide evidence that the superiority of our proposed models is derived from the reduced variance of the measurement errors during days including truncated RVs. Additionally, the improved performances of the modified models still hold after considering the effects of jump components and leverage, as well as a wide range of extensions and robustness analyses.
Electrically controlled transdermal delivery of naproxen and indomethacin from porous cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene matrix
Authors: Ruangmak Kamonpan , Paradee Nophawan , Niamlang Sumonman , Sakunpongpitiporn Phimchanok , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study is focused on the inquiry of using a porous polymeric structure to absorb and release transdermally two drugs through a skin from deproteinized natural rubber latex (DPNR). The porous DPNR films were fabricated from the internal formation of surfactant micelles and their subsequent leaching out to generate porous structures. The pore size of DPNR films increased with increasing surfactant amount. The model drugs were naproxen and indomethacin; their releases and release‐permeations were investigated under the effects of surfactant amount, electrical potential, and drug size. Without electric field, the drug release mechanism was mainly driven by concentration gradient. The higher amount of drug released was obtained from the matrix with a larger pore size. Under electric field, the higher amounts of drug release were obtained in the shorter drug release durations, via the electrorepulsive force between the negatively charged drugs and the cathode electrode. The molecular drug size was a factor for the drug absorption, release rate and amount. For the drug release‐permeation experiment through the pig skin, there were two release‐permeation periods as governed by the combination of concentration gradient and swelling in the first period, and the matrix erosion in the second period. The fabricated porous DPNR films have been shown here to be potential to be used as a transdermal patch with electrically controllable drug release rate, amount and duration along with the facile drug‐matrix loading and absorption.
METTL3‐mediated m6A methylation of ASPM drives hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth and metastasis
Authors: Wang An , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Dongen , Yang Liang , Jiang Jianshuai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal spindle‐like microcephaly (ASPM) has been proved to participate in tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanism of ASPM in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains elusive.MethodsThe mRNA and protein expression were determined using Western blot and qRT‐PCR, and the capacities of cells proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated by CCK‐8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell. MeRIP was performed to validate the interaction between ASPM and methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3).ResultsHerein, we found that ASPM was significantly upregulated in LIHC, and the high expression of ASPM was associated with poor LIHC prognosis. Furthermore, ASPM knockdown could suppress LIHC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, while ASPM overexpression exerted reverse effect. Mechanistically, we revealed that the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of ASPM mRNA mediated by METTL3 promoted its expression in LIHC. More importantly, silencing METTL3 suppressed LIHC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, which could be retained by ASPM overexpression.ConclusionCollectively, our findings suggested that METTL3/ASPM axis could serve as a novel promising therapeutic candidate for LIHC.
Sedative‐Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma‐Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma‐Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank
Authors: Doyno Cassandra R. , White C. Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are many nonopioid central nervous system depressant substances that share a gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor–related mechanism of action. These sedatives‐hypnotics can be indicated to treat anxiety, seizures, depression, and insomnia but are also used as substances of abuse and used to facilitate sexual assault. Barbiturates, methaqualone, and glutethimide were among the first type A GABA receptor–mediated sedative‐hypnotics. Their clinical use was limited for most indications by serious adverse events and strong abuse potential but continue to be used illicitly around the world. The benzodiazepines supplanted barbiturates for most indications because they were less likely to cause severe adverse events in monotherapy. Flunitrazepam is a newer benzodiazepine that is preferentially used recreationally and to facilitate sexual assault. Flunitrazepam has greater potency and higher affinity for the type A GABA receptor than most benzodiazepines. Gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid is sought illicitly for its hypnotic, euphoric and anabolic effects as well as to facilitate sexual assault. When any of these GABAergic drugs are used in high doses or with other sedative hypnotic agents, respiratory depression, coma, and death have occurred. Chronic use of these GABAergic drugs can lead to significant withdrawal syndromes. Phenibut and selank are poorly studied Russian drugs with GABAergic mechanisms that are inexplicably sold to US consumers as dietary supplements. Poison control center calls regarding phenibut have increased substantially over the past 5 years. Desired euphoriant effects account for the recreational and illicit use of many GABA‐modulating agents. However, illicit use can lead to significant toxicities related to abuse, dependence, and subsequent withdrawal syndromes. Significant evaluation of developing agents with GABA properties should be conducted to determine abuse potential before public access ensues.
Three‐dimensional printed model of impacted third molar for surgical extraction training
Authors: Feng Jing , Qi Wenting , Duan Shengfeng , Bao Chongyun , Zhang Xiaohui , Cai Bohong , Liu Xian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesExtraction of impacted mandibular third molars is one of the most common surgical procedures performed at dental clinics; however effective training models for teaching oral surgery to dental students are limited. This study aimed to use three‐dimension (3D) printing technology to develop an effective training model for impacted third molar extraction.MethodsThe data for the 3D model were digitally processed using high‐resolution computed tomography, and two common, but different patterns of impacted third molars were simulated using computer‐aided design. Thereafter, the model was printed using the 3D‐printing technology, and the efficiency of the 3D‐printed model and an animal model (pig mandible) were compared using a five‐point Likert scale by 35 oral surgeons in the oral surgery department and 208 students of stomatology in the internship stage.ResultsThe 3D‐printed model consisted of three parts: a non‐replaceable part (i.e., the body of the mandible and the teeth from the left first molar to the right first molar) and two replaceable parts (i.e., the part of the ascending ramus of the mandible, as well as the second and third molars). It was covered with a layer of rubber‐like material to simulate the gingiva. For the comparison between the 3D‐printed and animal models, a total of 205 questionnaires were collected. Both oral surgeons and students agreed that the 3D‐printed model was better than the animal model in terms of total value and the anatomy of the bone and teeth, simulating the surgical procedure (p < 0.05), while the two models achieved similar results for haptic feedback of the soft tissue (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe 3D‐printed model is realistic and effective for learning impacted third molar extraction and received positive feedback from students and oral surgeons. This model can significantly improve the pre‐clinical skill training of dental students.
Nanoscale Positioning Approaches for Integrating Single Solid‐State Quantum Emitters with Photonic Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Shunfa , Srinivasan Kartik , Liu Jin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeterministically integrating single solid‐state quantum emitters with photonic nanostructures serves as a key enabling resource in the context of photonic quantum technology. Due to the random spatial location of many widely‐used solid‐state quantum emitters, a number of positioning approaches for locating the quantum emitters before nanofabrication have been explored in the last decade. Here, the working principles of several nanoscale positioning methods and the most recent progress in this field, covering techniques including atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy with in situ lithography, and wide‐field fluorescence imaging are reviewed. A selection of representative device demonstrations with high‐performance is presented, including high‐quality single‐photon sources, bright entangled‐photon pairs, strongly‐coupled cavity QED systems, and other emerging applications. The challenges in applying positioning techniques to different material systems and opportunities for using these approaches for realizing large‐scale quantum photonic devices are discussed.
The institutionalization and effectiveness of transnational policy transfer: The China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park as a case study
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Ting‐Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransnational policy transfer through cross‐border government‐to‐government collaboration projects has been widely adopted as a tool to facilitate economic growth, especially by developing countries. Why did some transnational projects of policy transfer succeed while others fail? What are the facilitating and constraining factors in shaping their fates? What are their theoretical and policy implications for public administration and economic development in a globalizing world? This article examines the case of the China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park which has been in operation since its establishment in 1994. Challenging the previous studies and adopting a mixed research method utilizing a wide range of quantitative and qualitative data, we identify three major factors affecting the results of policy transfer: (1) a systemic combination of “hardware” and “software” in the conceptualization of transnational policy transfer; (2) localization of transnational policy and its enforcement; and mostly importantly, (3) institutionalization of key processes in both ends of policy exchanges and implementation.
Rice aquaporin OsPIP2;2 is a water‐transporting facilitator in relevance to drought‐tolerant responses
Authors: Bai Jiaqi , Wang Xuan , Yao Xiaohui , Chen Xiaochen , Lu Kai , Hu Yiqun , Wang Zuodong , Mu Yanjie , Zhang Liyuan , Dong Hansong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn rice (Oryza sativa), the PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN (PIP) family of aquaporin has 11 members, OsPIP1;1 to OsPIP1;3, and OsPIP2;1 to OsPIP2;8, which are hypothesized to facilitate the transport of H2O and other small compounds across cell membranes. To date, however, only OsPIP1;2, OsPIP2;1, and OsPIP2;4 have been demonstrated for substrate selectivity in their source plant (rice). In this study, OsPIP2;2 was characterized as the most efficient facilitator of H2O transport across cell membranes in comparison with the other 10 OsPIPs. In concomitant tests of all OsPIPs, four genes (OsPIP1;3, OsPIP2;1, OsPIP2;2, and OsPIP2;4) were induced to express in leaves of rice plants following a physiological drought stress, while OsPIP2;2 was expressed to the highest level. After de novo expression in frog oocytes and yeast cells, the four OsPIP proteins were localized to the plasma membranes in trimer and tetramer and displayed the activity to increase the membrane permeability to H2O. In comparison, OsPIP2;2 was most supportive to H2O import to oocytes and yeast cells. After de novo expression in tobacco protoplasts, OsPIP2;2 exceeded OsPIP1;3, OsPIP2;1, and OsPIP2;4 to support H2O transport across the plasma membranes. OsPIP2;2‐mediated H2O transport was accompanied by drought‐tolerant responses, including increases in concentrations of proline and polyamines, both of which are physiological markers of drought tolerance. In rice protoplasts, H2O transport and drought‐tolerant responses, which included expression of marker genes of drought tolerance pathway, were considerably enhanced by OsPIP2;2 overexpression but strongly inhibited by the gene silencing. Furthermore, OsPIP2;2 played a role in maintenance of the cell membrane integrity and effectively protected rice cells from electrolyte leakage caused by the physiological drought stress. These results suggest that OsPIP2;2 is a predominant facilitator of H2O transport in relevance to drought tolerance in the plant.
Cryo‐EM targets in CASP14
Authors: Cragnolini Tristan , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Topf Maya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStructures of seven CASP14 targets were determined using cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) technique with resolution between 2.1 and 3.8 Å. We provide an evaluation of the submitted models versus the experimental data (cryo‐EM density maps) and experimental reference structures built into the maps. The accuracy of models is measured in terms of coordinate‐to‐density and coordinate‐to‐coordinate fit. A‐posteriori refinement of the most accurate models in their corresponding cryo‐EM density resulted in structures that are close to the reference structure, including some regions with better fit to the density. Regions that were found to be less “refineable” correlate well with regions of high diversity between the CASP models and low goodness‐of‐fit to density in the reference structure.
Molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying fungal insecticides' resistance to solar ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Tong Sen‐Miao , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResistance to solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is crucial for field‐persistent control efficacies of fungal formulations against arthropod pests, because their active ingredients are formulated conidia very sensitive to solar UV wavelengths. This review seeks to summarize advances in studies aiming to quantify, understand and improve conidial UV resistance. One focus of studies has been on the many sets of genes that have been revealed in the postgenomic era to contribute to or mediate UV resistance in the insect pathogens serving as main sources of fungal insecticides. Such genetic studies have unveiled the broad basis of UV‐resistant molecules including cytosolic solutes, cell wall components, various antioxidant enzymes, and numerous effectors and signaling proteins, that function in developmental, biosynthetic and stress‐responsive pathways. Another focus has been on the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying photorepair of UV‐induced DNA lesions and photoreactivation of UV‐impaired conidia. Studies have shed light upon a photoprotective mechanism depending on not only one or two photorepair‐required photolyases, but also two white collar proteins and other partners that play similar or more important roles in photorepair via interactions with photolyases. Research hotspots are suggested to explore a regulatory network of fungal photoprotection and to improve the development and application strategies of UV‐resistant fungal insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bilateral pleural metastases of a primary central nervous system neuroblastoma in an adult: First case in the world
Authors: Loued Lobna , Migaou Asma , Abdelaaly Mabrouk , Bellalah Ahlem , Fahem Nesrine , Kaddoussi Rania , Ben Saad Ahmed , Joobeur Samah , Cheikh Mhamed Saoussen , Rouatbi Naceur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrimary central nervous system neuroblastoma (PCNS‐NBL) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumour. Pleural metastases of PCNS‐NBL have not been documented before. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old male patient, with a history of PCNS‐NBL treated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Three years later, he presented an aggravated dyspnoea with impaired general condition. The different investigations confirmed that his PCNS‐NBL has relapsed with bone, lymph nodes and bilateral pleural metastases. Because of the disseminated disease and the poor general condition of the patient, only symptomatic treatment measures were preconized. The patient died 3 months later following cardiorespiratory arrest. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting bilateral pleural metastases of a PCNS‐NBL in a young adult.
Adipose Micro-Grafts Enhance Tendinopathy Healing in Ovine Model: An in Vivo Experimental Perspective Study
Authors: Palumbo Piccionello Angela , Riccio Valentina , Senesi Letizia , Volta Antonella , Pennasilico Luca , Botto Riccardo , Rossi Giacomo , Tambella Adolfo Maria , Galosi Livio , Marini Carlotta , Vullo Cecilia , Gigante Antonio , Zavan Barbara , De Francesco Francesco , Riccio Michele 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In Europe, approximatively 100 000 to 500 000 tendon repairs are performed every year. These procedures are associated with a considerable rate of postoperative complications (from 6% to 11%). Autologous micro-grafts (AAMG) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) have been shown to improve tendon healing in 60% to 70% of treated rodents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of AAMG in a sheep model with tendinopathy. We used sheep models because, as a large animal, they are more comparable to humans. The hypothesis was that SVF injection would improve tendon healing compared with the control group, reducing inflammatory and matrix degrading, while increasing anti-inflammatory expression and collagen synthesis in the early stage of tendon injury. Sixteen Apennine sheep aged 2 to 5 years underwent 500 UI type I collagenase injection into both common calcaneal tendons (CCT) to induce tendinopathy. After 15 days (T0), one CCT in every ovine underwent randomly to 2.5 mL of AAMG obtained by mechanical disruption and the contralateral CCTs received no treatment. Clinical, ecographic, and sonographic evaluations were performed after 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2). Histological, immunohistochemical, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and biomechanical evaluations were performed at T2. At T2, the treated group showed a final tendon diameter (9.1 ± 1.4 mm) and a hardness expression (62%) that were similar to the original healthy tendon (8.1 ± 1.1 mm; 100%), with a significant recovery compared with the control group (9.5 ± 1.7 mm; 39%). Moreover, histological analysis of the treated group revealed an improvement in the fiber orientation score, fiber edema score, infiltrative-inflammatory process, and necrosis score (4.3 ± 3.3) compared with control group (8.8 ± 2.9). Immunohistochemically, the treated group showed high expression of collagen 1, Factor VIII and significantly low expression of collagen 3. These data were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The study findings suggested that AAMGs obtained through mechanical disruption present a safe, efficient, and reliable technique, enhancing tendon healing.
IFN-γ and PPARδ Influence the Efficacy and Retention of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells in Graft vs Host Disease
Authors: Carty Fiona , Dunbar Hazel , Hawthorne Ian J. , Ting Anthony E. , Stubblefield Samantha R. , Van't Hof Wouter , English Karen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cell-based therapy for the treatment of inflammatory disorders has focused on the application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). Despite the recent positive findings in industry-sponsored clinical trials of MSCs and MAPCs for graft vs host disease (GvHD), cell therapy is efficacious in some but not all patients, highlighting the need to identify strategies to enhance cell-based therapeutic efficacy. Here, we demonstrate the capacity for interferon (IFN)-γ licensing to enhance human MAPC efficacy and retention following early administration in a humanized mouse model of acute GvHD (aGvHD). Activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) negatively influenced the retention and efficacy of human MAPCs as well as IFN-γ-licensed MAPCs in the aGvHD model. PPARδ antagonism significantly enhanced the efficacy of human MAPCs when administered early in the humanized aGvHD model. COX-2 expression in human MAPC was significantly decreased in IFN-γ licensed MAPCs exposed to a PPARδ agonist. Importantly, MAPC exposure to the PPARδ antagonist in the presence of a COX-2 inhibitor indomethacin before administration significantly reduced the efficacy of PPARδ antagonized MAPCs in the aGvHD humanized mouse model. This is the first study to demonstrate the importance of PPARδ in human MAPC efficacy in vivo and highlights the importance of understanding the disease microenvironment in which cell-based therapies are to be administered. In particular, the presence of PPARδ ligands may negatively influence MAPC or MSC therapeutic efficacy.