bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo‐Electrochemical Deposition of Gold Single Atoms on G‐C3N4 for Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction
Authors: Zhou Xue , Xu Dawei , Huang Jing , Tong Shijun , Qiao Panzhe , Zhang Zhonghai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of sustainable energy has intensified the exploration of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, with photoelectrocatalytic water reduction emerging as a green approach to harness solar energy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), recognized for its stability and non‐toxicity, presents limitations in photoconversion efficiency due to rapid electron‐hole recombination and narrow light absorption range. To address these challenges, herein, a cryo‐electrochemical deposition strategy is introduced to synthesize g‐C3N4 loaded with gold single‐atom catalysts (Au1), enhancing charge separation and light absorption. The atomic dispersion of Au1 on g‐C3N4 significantly elevates photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production, achieving a record yield rate on the Au1(14.5%)/g‐C3N4 sample. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and comprehensive characterizations reveal the role of Au1 in modulating the electronic structure and improving charge carrier dynamics. The findings underscore the potential of single‐atom catalysis in advancing photoelectrocatalytic water reduction systems for solar energy conversion and clean energy production.
A 2D sp2 Carbon Conjugated Pyrene Covalent Organic Framework with TEMPO for Selective Photocatalysis
Authors: Hao Huimin , Zhang Fulin , Wang Xiaoxiao , Huang Fengwei , Chen Shengli , Lang Xianjun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith recent developments, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted considerable attention in various applications, including visible light photocatalysis. Considering the properties of pyrene planum and π‐electron conjugation, 2D sp2 carbon‐conjugated and imine‐linked pyrene COFs, Py‐sp2c‐COF and Py‐COF are synthesized with a well‐ordered crystalline structure. Py‐sp2c‐COF is significantly superior to Py‐COF for selective photocatalysis due to the sp2 carbon conjugation. By virtue of the porosity and activity, Py‐sp2c‐COF with TEMPO ((2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl) turns out to be effective for selective aerobic oxidation of amines to imines induced by green light. Substantially, 2 mol% of TEMPO, an electron–proton transfer mediator, facilitates the aerobic conversions of amines by Py‐sp2c‐COF photocatalysis. It is an ingenious design for selective organic transformations by cooperative photocatalysis of an sp2 carbon‐conjugated COF with a redox mediator.
Wearable, Recoverable, and Implantable Energy Storage Devices With Heterostructure Porous COF‐5/Ti3C2Tx Cathode for High‐performance Aqueous Zn‐ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Xie Panpan , Zhang Yu , Man Zengming , Zhou Jianhua , Zhang Yongzhe , Lu Wangyang , Dong Heng , Wu Guan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the continuous advancement of the internet of things and information technology, implantable bioelectronics have attracted considerable attention for effective health monitoring and improvement of vital signs. Nevertheless, conventional power sources are typically plagued by short lifetimes, inflexible packaging modalities, and toxic corrosion risks that damage soft tissues. In this study, a biocompatible quasi‐solid‐state aqueous Zn‐ion hybrid capacitor (AZIHCs) is developed with high energy density and durability. The heterostructured porous COF‐5/Ti3C2Tx cathode exhibited enhanced interface charge transfer and accelerated Zn2+ migration kinetics, delivering an outstanding areal capacitance of 952 mF cm−2 and a high areal energy density of 160 mWh cm−2. Furthermore, the AZIHCs demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 524 mF cm⁻2, and the completely damaged device can still power the electronics after being reconnected using the superior silk nanofiber‐containing zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte. These implanted AZIHCs, with good biocompatibility, showed substantial deformation stability of 80.2% after 2000 cycles when firmly adhered to the tissues, illustrating an impressively stable performance in the tissue fluid or wetted tissue surface and an efficient power supply. This study provides a novel approach to high‐performance energy storage devices for multifunctional wearable applications and organism patches for in vivo detection.
Uncovering Astrocyte Morphological Dynamics Using Optical Diffraction Tomography and Shape‐Based Trajectory Inference
Authors: Anantha Pooja , Raj Piyush , Saracino Emanuela , Kim Joo Ho , Kim Jeong Hee , Convertino Annalisa , Gu Luo , Barman Ishan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAstrocytes, integral components of the central nervous system, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles beyond support cells. Despite their acknowledged importance, understanding the intricacies of astrocyte morphological dynamics remains limited. Our study marks the first exploration of astrocytes using optical diffraction tomography (ODT), establishing a label‐free, quantitative method to observe morphological changes in astrocytes over a 7‐day in‐vitro period. ODT offers quantitative insights into cell volume, dry mass, and area through label‐free, real‐time measurements‐capabilities that are challenging to achieve with conventional imaging techniques. Through comprehensive analysis of 3D refractive index maps and shape characterization techniques, we capture the developmental trajectory and dynamic morphological transformations of astrocytes. Specifically, our observations reveal increased area and a transition to larger, flattened shapes, with alterations in cell volume and density, indicating shifts in cellular composition. By employing unsupervised clustering and pseudotime trajectory analysis, we introduce a novel morphological trajectory inference for neural cells, tracking the morphological evolution of astrocytes from elongated to evenly spread shapes. This analysis marks the first use of trajectory inference based solely on morphology for neural cell types, laying a foundation for future studies employing ODT to examine astrocyte dynamics and neural cell interactions across diverse substrates.
Bond Confinement‐Dependent Peierls Distortion in Epitaxially Grown Bismuth Films
Authors: Hoff Felix , Kerres Peter , Veslin Timo , Jalil Abdur Rehman , Schmidt Thomas , Ritarossi Simone , Köttgen Jan , Bothe Lucas , Frank Jonathan , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Xu Yazhi , Kim Dasol , Mertens Julian , Mayer Joachim , Mazzarello Riccardo , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA systematic study of the impact of film thickness on the properties of thin Bi films is presented. To this end, epitaxial films of high quality have been grown on a Si (111) substrate with thicknesses ranging from 1.9 to 29.9 nm. Broadband optical spectroscopy reveals a notable decline in the optical dielectric constant and the absorption peak height as the film thickness decreases, alongside a shift of the absorption maximum to higher photon energies. Raman and pump‐probe spectroscopy show that the phonon mode frequencies increase upon decreasing film thickness, with the in‐plane mode frequency rising by 10% from the thickest to the thinnest sample. The X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals an increasing Peierls distortion for thinner films, explaining the observed property changes. Quantum chemical bonding analysis and density functional theory calculations show that the properties of thin bismuth are influenced by the interplay between electron localization and delocalization, characteristic of metavalently bonded solids. This study shows that for solids that utilize metavalent bonding, a thickness reduction leads to significant property changes. The effect can even be employed to tailor material properties without the need to change material stoichiometry.
Controlled Stratification and Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polymeric Films Toward Optically Active Coatings
Authors: Khelifa Farid , Ehmann Heike M. A. , Lamaoui Abderrahman , Surin Mathieu , Rubio‐Magnieto Jenifer , Dubois Philippe , Habibi Youssef 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNature's most brilliant hues arise from the interaction of light with multilayered‐ structures of aligned building blocks. Mimicking this hierarchical organization in highly‐ordered thin films of liquid crystalline species has attracted increasing attention for potential applications in sensors and optical switching displays. Due to its intriguing ability to organize into optically active materials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are attracting a strong interest in the scientific community. This study demonstrates that the shear‐driven convective assembly technique can be used to stratify in a controlled fashion highly ordered multilayers of rod‐like CNC embedded in a protective hydrophobic polymer matrix leading to optically active thin films. The films remain fully transparent even after stratifying 50 layers. Atomic force microscopy analysis reveals that over 87% of the CNCs in the upper layer aligned within ±20° of the withdrawal direction. Notably, the stratification does not disrupt the organization of the underlying layers. The films exhibit strong selective reflections with uniform and intense colors, dependent on the number of stratified layers. This scalable appraoch enables precise control over the optical characteristics of CNC‐polymer composite films, presenting opportunities for environmentally friendly applications in pigment‐free coatings, security papers, and optical devices.
Direct Optical Probing of the Magnetic Properties of the Layered Antiferromagnet CrPS4
Authors: Fąs Tomasz , Wlazło Mateusz , Birowska Magdalena , Rybak Miłosz , Zinkiewicz Małgorzata , Oleschko Leon , Goryca Mateusz , Gondek Łukasz , Camargo Bruno , Szczytko Jacek , Budniak Adam K. , Amouyal Yaron , Lifshitz Efrat , Suffczyński Jan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe unusual magnetic properties of van der Waals‐type antiferromagnetic semiconductors such as transition metal thiophosphates make them highly attractive for spintronics and optoelectronics. However, a link between the magnetic and optical properties of these materials, required for practical applications, has not yet been established. A combined experimental and theoretical study of magnetic, optical, and structural properties of CrPS4 samples is reported. It is found that the magnetic‐field‐dependent circular polarization degree of the photoluminescence is a direct measure of the net magnetization of CrPS4. Complementary Raman scattering measured as a function of magnetic field and temperature enables the determination of the magnetic susceptibility curve of the material. Experimental results are supported by density functional theory calculations that take as input the lattice parameters determined from temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction measurements. This allows the impact of spin ordering on the spectral position of Raman transitions in CrPS4 to be explained, as well as the anomalous temperature shifts of some of them. The presented method for all‐optical determination of magnetic properties is highly promising for studies of spin ordering and magnetic phase transitions in single‐ or few‐layer samples of magnetic layered materials, for which a poor signal‐to‐noise ratio precludes reliable neutron scattering or magnetometry measurements.
Elucidating the Role of Addenda and Hydrogen Atoms on the Acidity of Heteropolyacid to Produce Butyl Levulinate as a Green Diesel Additive
Authors: Ahmad Khwaja Alamgir , Znad Hussein , Ahmad Ejaz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe present study explores the synthesis of butyl levulinate (BL), a green diesel additive, using vanadium‐incorporated Keggin phosphomolybdic acid (HPVM) catalysts. This study highlights the effect of addenda and hydrogen atoms on HPVM catalysts for BL production, thereby elucidating a correlation between addenda atoms, HPVM acidity, and BL yield. The catalysts are characterized using Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, ammonia‐TPD, SEM‐EDX, and ICP‐OES techniques to determine their structural properties, acidity, and elemental composition. Reaction parameters, including time, temperature, catalyst concentration, stirring rate, and solvent volume, are systematically evaluated to optimize the conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to BL. A significant BL yield (>96%) is obtained using 25 wt.% H4PMo11VO40 (H4PVM) catalyst at 100 °C in 40 min. Kinetic analysis unveiled a pseudo‐first‐order reaction mechanism for BL synthesis with activation energies of 66.73, 68.81, and 71.19 kJ.mol−1 for H4PMo11VO40 (H4PVM), H5PMo10V2O40 (H5PVM), and H6PMo9V3O40 (H6PVM) catalysts, respectively. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), entropy of activation (ΔS*), and Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG*), are determined. Overall, this study highlights the complex interplay between acidity, activation energy, and BL yield, emphasizing the significance of the number of vanadium addenda atoms in catalyst performance.
Multifaceted Immunomodulatory Nanocomplexes Target Neutrophilic‐ROS Inflammation in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Su Fan , Zhang Chong , Zhang Qianyun , Shen Yi , Li Saiqi , Shi Jianlin , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Lin Han , He Bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe sepsis‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) still represents one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients, underscoring the need for novel therapies. Excessive activation of immune cells and damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the main factors that exacerbate lung injury. Here, the multifaceted immunomodulatory nanocomplexes targeting the proinflammatory neutrophilic activation and ROS damage are established. The S100A8/9 inhibitor, ABR2575, is loaded in the nanocomplexes, which effectively blocks the neutrophils‐S100A8/A9‐ toll‐like receptors (TLRS)‐Inflammasome signaling in ALI. Synergically, the SiH nanosheets are encapsulated together with ABR2575 into the core of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanosponges, to achieve sustainable hydrogen release for the alleviation of ROS‐induced lung tissue injury, and also promote the M2 polarization of macrophages. This novel combination strategy is proven to significantly suppress the infiltration of neutrophils and pro‐inflammatory macrophages into the lungs, decrease the activation of neutrophils and pro‐inflammatory monocytes in the blood, facilitate the anti‐inflammatory polarization of macrophages and monocytes, and reduce the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in both the lung and blood circulation, all of which alleviate the lung injuries in preclinical murine ALI models. The current investigations offer a novel nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI with great potential in clinical invention.
Freely Selective Analog and Digital Resistive Switching Behavior of In2Se3 Devices for Storage and Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Tian Siying , Wang Changhao , Wang Yuanjie , Wang Honghao , Gao Chenxi , Hu Weisen , Wei Jia , Chen Fengling , Sun Dapeng , Zheng Xu , Li Chaobo , Yin Chujun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDigital storage and analog storage shine in different fields mainly due to their strong stability and high information density, respectively, while the freely selective digital and analog resistance switching applications are a matter of great concern. Here, a multi‐functional device integrated with analog and digital resistive switching behavior in a simple structure is reported, achieving functions of freely selective non‐volatile digital storage, artificial synaptic behavior based on ferroelectric polarization‐inducing analog resistive switching behavior, neural network computing, and reconfigurable logic functions. The non‐volatile digital memory exhibits a low operating voltage (≈1—2 V) and high retention stability (> 2000 s). The analog resistive switching behavior exhibits 128‐level conductance and excellent artificial synaptic performance with a large dynamic range (≈196), high linearity (≈0.84), and low power consumption. The modulation effect of band bending, an often underappreciated yet crucial element, is considered to analyze the mechanisms behind the optimized device performance, further providing support and expansion for the multifunctional applications of In2Se3 devices. Reconfigurable logic functions and an artificial neural network (ANN) with outline learning accuracy (≈89%) for handwritten digit recognition are achieved. This design provides new insights into the analysis of 2D ferroelectric devices and holds great promise for simplified and multi‐functional storage‐computing devices.
Boon and Bane of Local Solid State Chemistry on the Performance of LSM‐Based Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Türk Hanna , Tran Xuan Quy , König Patricia , Hammud Adnan , Vibhu Vaibhav , Schmidt Franz‐Philipp , Berger Dirk , Selve Sören , Roddatis Vladimir , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Girgsdies Frank , Chan Yu‐Te , Götsch Thomas , Ali Hebatallah , Vinke Izaak C. , de Haart L.G.J (Bert) , Lehmann Michael , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Reuter Karsten , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Scheurer Christoph , Lunkenbein Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐temperature solid oxide cells are highly efficient energy converters. However, their lifetime is limited by rapid deactivation. Little is known about the local, atomic scale transformation that drive this degradation. Here, reaction‐induced changes are unraveled at the atomic scale of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) operated for 550 h by combining high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with first‐principles and force‐field‐based atomistic simulations. We focus on the structural evolution of lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM)/yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) regions and the corresponding solid–solid interface. It is found that the strong inter‐diffusion of cations leads to the additional formation and growth of a multitude of localized structures such as a solid solution of La/Mn, nano‐domains of secondary structures or antisite defects in the YSZ, as well as a mixed ion and electron conduction region in the LSM and complexion. These local structures can be likewise beneficial or detrimental to the performance, by either increasing the catalytically active area or by limiting the supply of reactants. The work provides unprecedented atomistic insights into the influence of local solid‐state chemistry on the functioning of SOECs and deepens the understanding of the degradation mechanism in SOECs, paving the way towards nanoscopic rational interface design for more efficient and durable cells.
Biphasic models improved S‐metolachlor dissipation endpoint predictions
Authors: Kouame Koffi Badou‐Jeremie , Savin Mary C. , Willett Cammy D. , Butts Thomas R. , Grantz Erin , Bertucci Matthew B. , Robinson Samantha E. , Werle Rodrigo , Roma‐Burgos Nilda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurate predictions of herbicide dissipation endpoints are essential for making environmental management decisions, estimating the duration of weed control, and deciding crop replant and rotation options. The performance of the single first‐order (SFO), first‐order multiple‐compartment (FOMC), bi‐exponential (BEXP), first‐order double‐exponential decay (FODED), and first‐order two‐compartment (FOTC) was evaluated to describe S‐metolachlor dissipation. Results showed that the BEXP and FOTC were not appropriate. The FODED was ranked as the top model with the lowest Akaike's information criterion (AICc) value among the other three candidate models and was followed by the FOMC model. The SFO displayed the largest root mean square error (11.43) and mean absolute error (9.16) values, and the smallest Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency value (0.88) within the set of three appropriate candidate models. The SFO predicted a time it takes the herbicide to dissipate to one‐eighth of its original concentration, 21 and 26 days shorter than that predicted by the FOMC and FODED, respectively. The SFO also predicted a time for S‐metolachlor to dissipate to one‐tenth of its original concentration, 33 days shorter than that predicted by both FOMC and FODED. Therefore, even though the SFO is effective at predicting half‐life, caution might be required when making inferences about DT90 or the time required for the dissipation of 90% of the initial concentration of pesticides in the soil using the SFO.
Dry matter yield, persistence, nutritive value, and in situ dry matter degradability of non‐dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) adapted to Florida
Authors: Lee Seongshin , Biswas Anju , Rios Esteban F. , Vyas Diwakar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production in the subtropics may increase forage yield and quality in livestock systems. This study evaluated the effects of seeding rate on dry matter yield (DMY), nutritive value (NV), and in situ degradability of non‐dormant alfalfa grown in Florida. The study was designed as a randomized complete block design with a two‐way‐factorial treatment arrangement with two seeding rates (20 and 27 kg ha−1 of pure live seed) and five genotypes: two breeding lines (UF_AlfPers_2015 and UF_AlfPers_2017) and three cultivars (Florida 77, Florida 99, and Bulldog 805). DMY was assessed between April 2019 and April 2021, and NV and neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) degradability are reported from two harvests, while in situ ruminal dry matter (DM) disappearance was measured for UF_AlfPers_2015 and Bulldog 805 only. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX in SAS, and mean separation was performed by a Tukey test. No interaction was observed between seeding rate and genotypes for DMY, persistence, and NV. UF_AlfPers_2017 had the highest mean DMY per harvest (1424.5 kg ha−1) and stand persistence (76 plants m−2), and Bulldog 805 produced the lowest mean DMY per harvest (936.3 kg ha−1). Bulldog 805 had the lowest lignin concentration, the greatest net energy of lactation, greatest milk per metric ton of forage, and highest NDF degradability. Both the rate and extent of DM degradation were greater for Bulldog 805 compared to UF_AlfPers_2015. The cultivar Bulldog 805 is recommended for planting as it showed greater NV; however, new cultivars and breeding lines are being developed to increase DMY and stand persistence in Florida.
Resilience to Alzheimer's disease associates with alterations in perineuronal nets
Authors: de Vries Luuk E. , Bahnerth Anouck , Swaab Dick F. , Verhaagen Joost , Carulli Daniela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSome individuals show intact cognition despite the presence of neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The plasticity of parvalbumin (PV)‐containing interneurons might contribute to resilience. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), that is, extracellular matrix structures around neurons, modulate PV neuron function. We hypothesize that PNNs play a role in resilience to AD.METHODSPNN amount and morphology were determined in immunolabelled sections of the frontal cortex of control, AD and resilient subjects. Expression levels of genes related to PNNs and microglia signatures were evaluated by bulk RNA sequencing.RESULTSThe expression of the PNN‐component aggrecan around PV neurons is decreased in resilient and AD subjects, whereas PNN‐sugar chains are reduced only in resilient subjects. In AD, fewer presynaptic terminals on PV neurons are detected and genes related to PNN degradation are upregulated.DISCUSSIONThese data show distinct PNN changes in individuals resilient to AD, which may contribute to preserved cognition despite the neuropathology.Highlights
Aggrecan levels are decreased in the frontal cortex of AD and resilient subjects.
In resilient subjects, WFA+ PNNs are reduced around neuronal somata.
In AD patients, PV neurons show disrupted WFA peridendritic staining and synaptic loss.
Expression levels of PNN‐degrading enzymes are higher in AD.
Excitatory neurons bearing a PNN show low amounts of ptau.