bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadmium concentration in water and sediment from lake Lau Kawar, North Sumatra
Authors: Malau K M , Ilyas S , Barus T A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals are easy to bind organic matter and settle to the bottom of the waters and unite with sediments, which is cadmium. Cadmium (Cd) is found from volcanic eruptions, from various human activities, and is carcinogenic. This study aims to analyze the concentration of cadmium in water and sediment in Lake Lau Kawar. Water samples were collected by purposive sampling at three stations using Horizontal Bottle samples. Sediment samples were collected compositely using an Eckmann grab then analyzed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. Descriptive data analysis used comparative quantitative methods, namely comparing the level of cadmium in water and sediment in Lau Kawar Lake with the quality standards set by WHO and IADC/CEDA. The water quality in Lake Lau Kawar is in good condition. The concentration of heavy metal Cd in water and sediment still meets the established water quality standard criteria. The source of Cd contamination in the lake, which comes from the volcanic ash of Mount Sinabung, is only carried in low quantities. The largest source of contamination comes from the activities of residents as fertilizers and pesticides used on agricultural land.
Morphometric characteristics of mungkus fish (Sicyopterus sp.) from several rivers in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari D F , Sipriyadi  , Putra A H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mungkus fish (Sicyopterus sp) is one of the freshwater fish that is caught by many people in Bengkulu Province. The mungkus fish are amphidromous and live in rocky rivers and fast-flowing rivers. This fish has a ventral sucker for sticking to rocks. The aim of this research was to determine the types of mungkus fish that can be found in Bengkulu Province waters based on morphometric characters. The research was conducted on 8 major rivers in 5 districts in Bengkulu Province including Argamakmur, Muko-Muko, Seluma, Manna, and Kaur. Based on the results, showed that the mungkus fish were characterized based on morphometric, there were 3 types of fish including Sicyopterus squamosissimus, Sicyopterus cynocephalus, and Sicyopterus lagocephalus. Mungkus fish found in the northern Bengkulu region tend to be smaller in size, have almost the same color pattern and darker body color than the fish found in the South Bengkulu region. The most common species found in Bengkulu is Sicyopterus squamosissimus. The Sicyopterus lagocephalus species can also only be found in rivers in the South Bengkulu region. The fish morphometric characteristics shows that differences in fish habitat will affect the growth of fish and the existence of living species in nature.
Requirement of Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus for the biomass and lipid production
Authors: Rusydi R , Yakupitiyage A , Pumpuang S , Mellisa S , Rahma A , Ayuzar E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Synechococcus elongatus is unicellularCyanobacteria having fast growth and can conduct photosynthesis process in its cells.This research purposed to evaluate the potential of Synechococcus elongatus as an candidate of biodiesel feedstocks by evaluating its biomass and lipid content in appropriate nutrients. The study was conducted at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. The Factorial Completely Randomized Design was used as experimental design in this study. The species was grown in BG II medium which was added by different doses of NaNO3 and KHPO4. Cultivation was conducted for seven days for several parameters, namely appropriate dose of nutrients, specific growth rate, biomass, and lipid content. This study resulted the optimal dose of nitrate from NaNO3 and phosphate from KHPO4 for good growth of Synechococcus elongatus which were 289.11 mg/L of NO3- and 22.26 mg/L of HPO4.This species grew well in BG-II medium added optimal nutrients at specific growth rate of 0.34µg/day. The optimal lipid productivity of Synechococcus elongatus was achieved at day 6th of cultivation which its dried biomass was 0.21±0.03 g/L and total lipid was 1.89±0.28%. Based on the results, Synechococcus elongatus cultivated in BG-II medium was potential tobe biodiesel source with its fast growth and lipid content in its cell.
Analysis of distribution patterns and marketing margins of capture fishery products at the Ujong Baroh fishing port, West Aceh district, Indonesia
Authors: Perdana A W , Affan J M , Hasri Q , Miswar E , ‘Akla C M N , Batubara A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objectives to be achieved in this study are to determine the distribution pattern of capture fishery products at Ujong Baroh Fishing Port and determine an efficient distribution pattern in conducting a marketing system by knowing the margin received. The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling data collection techniques. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and marketing margin analysis. The descriptive analysis used to describe the distribution pattern in Ujong Baroh Fishing Port. Marketing margin analysis is used to measure the profits of each actor involved in the catch distribution pattern. Results of this study obtained 2 distribution patterns that occur in Ujong Baroh Fishing Port. The first distribution pattern is fishermen to fish collectors to wholesalers to retailers to consumers; second, fishermen to fish collectors to traders to consumers. Both distribution patterns at Ujong Baroh Fishing Port are correct because these patterns get a marketing margin value of < 50% and a fisherman’s profit sharing value of > 50%, where the distribution pattern is classified as efficient. The party who benefits from both distribution patterns is fish collectors because they get a sales profit of 7%.
The potential of the spiny lobster fishery in Aceh waters: A short review
Authors: Damora A , Fadli N , Andriyono S , Suman A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The western-southern and northern coastal waters of Aceh are the potential fishing areas of spiny lobster, which faces the Indian Ocean and the Andaman Sea. Fishing gears that are widely used are lobster gill nets and hand-picking with compressors. In Indonesia, seven species of spiny lobsters are caught in these waters, including Panulirus homarus, P. penicillatus, P. versicolor, P. ornatus, P. polyphagus, P. longipes longipes, and P. longipes femoristiga. The habitat for spiny lobsters is spread from coral reefs, rock, sand, and muddy sand. Panulirus homarus is the most frequently caught species in these waters, followed by P. penicillatus and P. longipes. Panulirus homarus is mainly caught during the dry season (southwest wind) and high waves (May to July), where other lobster species experience a significant decrease in the catch. The stock of spiny lobster in Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 572 (including Aceh coastal waters) has been in an overfishing condition since 2008. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of spiny lobster in Aceh coastal waters part of Malacca Strait (FMA 571) is 188.60 tons.yr−1 with a total allowable catch (TAC) of 151.10 tons. yr−1. Furthermore, the MSY for Aceh coastal waters part of Indian Ocean is 292.09 tons.yr−1 with a TAC of 233.92 tons.yr−1. Spiny lobster fishing in Aceh coastal waters must ensure its use in the future, both ecologically, socially, and economically.
The change of coral cover in Ujong Pancu waters, Peukan Bada Sub-District, Aceh Besar
Authors: Ulfah M , Muliari M , Azzahara F , Razi N M , Fazillah M R , Agustiar M , Fadli N 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are one of the most productive ecosystems on the earth, with large ecological functions. The disruption of coral reef ecosystems has a significant impact on the surrounding biota. This study aims to determine the condition of coral reefs for the last three years in Ujong Pancu waters, Peukan Bada sub-district, Aceh Besar district. This study uses data in 2017, 2018, and 2019 with three observation locations: Lhok Keeutapang, Lhok Mata Ie, and Tuan Island. The method used is Point Intercept Transect (PIT) with a transect length of 20 m with four repetitions. The results showed that the percentage of hard coral cover in the Ujong Pancu waters decreased from the good category (50.31%) in 2017 to moderate (47.81%) in 2019. The percentage with the highest coral cover was at the Lhok Keutapang location at 72, 81% in 2018, while the lowest coral cover at the Tuan Island location was 15.94% in 2017. The composition of the coral genus found also decreased from 12 coral genera (2017) to 9 coral genera (2019).
Current status of the small-scale fisheries and its resources at Peukan Bada coastal area in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Haridhi H A , Agustina S , Damora A , Fajri I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The coastal region around the world is in response to the significant change from the environment impacted by natural and anthropogenic sources. Such significant change could be observed in the coastal region where it had been experienced a natural disaster, climate change, and social-economic shift locally and regionally. The Peukan Bada coastal area in Aceh Province has experienced all of these features; thus, studying this region will give a new perspective and highlight the status of the small-scale fisheries and their governing marine-fisheries resources. In this study, we conducted the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Management System (RAFMS) to estimate the fisheries resources and their biological and physical attributes, market pattern, and main coastal problem facing by the community. The study found that the rapid and significant change of the fisheries resources and their biological and physical attributes as a result of a major natural disaster such as 26 December 2004 mega earthquake and tsunami, meanwhile a minor change to the market pattern was found changed in response to market demand, and major coastal problems are dominantly related to the community activities (anthropogenic) rather than resulted from natural event.
Analysis of Pb and Cd Heavy Metal Contents in Green Mussel (Pernaviridis L.) in Alue Naga Waters, Banda Aceh
Authors: Rusydi I , Savira D , Putra D F , Dewiyanti I , Defira C N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Alue Naga waters are a coastal area in Banda Aceh city which is thought to have been exploited due to various human activities. The existence human settlements, tourist spots, fishponds, ports, and places for catching marine biota such as oysters, green mussels and fish are some instances to name a few.This research was conducted in July 2020 using simple random sampling method. Samples of green mussels were taken from a container for cultivation and from the bottom of the stream. Sample analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) at the laboratory of Office for Research and Standardization of Aceh Industries. The heavy metals that were analyzed are Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The results showed that the content of Pb found in the cultivated green mussels was <0.0001 mg/Kg and Cd with <0.0002 mg/Kg. The metal content of green mussels found at the bottom of the stream was <0.0004 mg/Kg for cadmium and <0.0001 mg/Kg for lead. The intensity of heavy metal content in the seawater atcultivation locations also did not exceed the quality standard for the stream and aquatic biota with <0.0001 mg/L (Pb) and <0.0004 mg/L (Cd). Therefore, it is safe for human consumption.
The operation characteristics of air cathode Microbial Desalination Cell to treat oil refinery wastewater
Authors: Jaroo S S , Jumaah G F , Abbas T R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This system [microbial desalination cell (MDC)] is considered an excellent sustainable process to treat wastewater by biological anaerobic oxidation of the organic material by electroactive bacteria, desalinate saltwater, and electrical power generation. In the present work, MDC was used for treating oil refinery wastewater in the anode chamber by anaerobic bacteria. Simultaneously, an air pump was used to provide the oxygen to the cathode chamber as an electron acceptor to generate bioelectricity power. The power density generated by this air cathode MDC with 1KΩ external resistance at the 1st experiment was 71.11 μW/m2. It increased to a peak value of 570.86 μW/m2 at the last experiment. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal percent of oily wastewater was 96%. The higher salinity removal rate 150.39 ppm/h with a first salt concentration in a desalinating chamber of 35000 ppm.
Energy Harvesting of Ambient E.M Waves by Employing Different Types of R.F. Antenna
Authors: Radi Ibtesam O. , Mahdi Samira A. , Motlak H. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Used to operate small electronic devices, such as the cell phones. This work will deal with the electromagnetic signals as a renewable energy sources. An analog circuit will prepare using diodes and a charged capacitance and antenna to convert the energy of ambient E.M. waves (Radio Frequencies RF) to a D.C. voltage. The measurements will be demonstrated using different kinds of antenna. In addition, the ambient RF frequency according to Iraq/Babylon/Hilla city will be collected from the communications tower and measured using a receiver circuit.in this paper used three kinds of antenna, wire antenna, air antenna, dish antenna, Measuring the DC Power. the amount of the DC Power that obtained using a dish antenna is approximate the energy that collected using an air antenna. The amount of the DC. Power could be controlled by the charging time (RC) of the capacities.
The Success of the Construction Industry’s Adoption of the Carbon Assessment Strategy PAS2050
Authors: Smith Holly , Joseph Amoako-Attah , Hashim Raad K. , Hashim Khalid S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PAS2050 was introduced in order to help combat the extremely high levels of emissions that the construction industry emits, as well as the large volume of natural resources they use, through the life cycle of a project. It was developed to create a consistent method of assessing the life cycle of Greenhouse gases as well as a method to increase understanding of where they arise from within a supply chain. This is essential in today’s world as without change, the climate will continue to rise in temperature and contribute negatively to the already dramatic effects of climate change that have already been seen. By implementing PAS2050 the industry aims to allow stakeholders to realise the impacts and encourage movement towards a more sustainable future. This research aims to determine how well the construction industry has adopted the carbon assessment strategy covered by PAS2050 through informed opinions, data and case studies. Using journals and research, alongside a questionnaire which will be distributed to individuals within the industry, an informed decision will be made to determine how well the construction industry has adopted PAS2050. The results found that the industry is having difficulty in adapting to the change at all levels and scopes. The findings of this research show that the industry has only touched the surface and although the larger organisations are leading the charge, enough is not being done by smaller organisations and the supply chain.
Parametric Theoretical Study of Solar Assisted Cooling System Using Lithium Bromide-Water Pair
Authors: Shahhath Ahmed A , Shahad Haroun A K , Mahdi Alaa A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of parameters of solar absorption system such as evaporator, absorber, condenser, generator temperatures and the mass of the solution on the evaporator cooling load and the coefficient of performance has been explained theoretically. The results show that, increasing of evaporator and condenser temperatures increase the evaporator cooling load, performance coefficient and the Ratio of Circulation while increasing the temperature of condenser and absorber decreases the evaporator cooling load, performance coefficient and the Circulation Ratio. In addition, increasing the solution mass increases the refrigeration power while the performance coefficient and the Circulation Ratio was constant at increasing the solution mass. The reached maximum cooling load was (1.932 kW) at 15 kg solution mass and 100 °C generator temperature, the maximum COP was 0.774 at (10 °C) temperature of evaporator and the peak Circulation Ratio was 0.3066 at (30 °C) temperature of absorber and (100 °C) temperature of generator.
Performance Evaluation of Al-Muamirah Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Al-Wardy Alia Haider , Al-Saadi Riyadh Jasim Mohammed , Alquzweeni Saif Salah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wastewater treatment is a process, which is being done on the wastewater to change its quality to be within the required specifications of water discharged to the surface waterway or water used for different purposes. In the present study, the performance of the oxidation ditch system related to Al-Muamirah wastewater treatment plant in Hilla city, province of Babylon, Iraq, in removing the pollutant of municipal were evaluated. The samples were taken from input wastewater and output treated water of the plant to measure the pollutant parameters. These parameters are the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5
), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Ammonia (NH3
), Phosphorus (P04
), and the quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity (pH). Data were analyzed by using Excel software. The results show that the efficiency of removal of BOD
5, COD, TSS, NH3
and P04
was 91%, 78%, 93%, 69% and 68%, respectively on a monthly basis. Accordingly, it can be recommended that the Al-Muamirah wastewater treatment plant has an acceptable efficiency of wastewater treatment and producing water in accordance with Iraqi environmental standards of water discharged to the surface water or water of other uses.
Updated Moving Forecasting Model of Air Maximum Temperature
Authors: Hashim Khalid , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Zubaidi Salah L. , Saad Al-Bdairi Nabeel Saleem , Farhan Sabeeh L. , Ethaib Saleem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the current study, a moving forecasting model is used for the purpose of forecasting maximum air temperature. A number of recordings are used for building the AR model and next, to forecasting some temperature values ahead. Then the AR model coefficients are updating due to shifting the training sample by adding new temperature values in order to involve the change in temperature time series behaviour. The current work shows a high performance all over the temperature time series, which considered in the analysis.
Preparation and Optimization Green Gel Casting Technique for Manufacturing Near-Net-Shape Ceramics Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Al-dujaili Mohammed A. , Al-hydary Imad Ali , Abdalhussien Montaha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gel casting technique is a promising technology that has ability to produce near-net shape ceramics via using toxic and non-ecofriendly agents. The current work aim to develop green gel casting technique using water as a solvent, agar as a gelling agent, and the microwave thermal treatment instead of cross linker. 8mo l% Yttria stabilized zirconia was selected as a case study to produce near-net shape ceramics. The experimental work involved the preparation of Yttria stabilized zirconia nanoparticles via chemical precipitation method. The effect study of agar ratio, Yttria stabilized zirconia solid loading percent on the physical, mechanical, surface properties of the prepared ceramics and selecting of suitable casting conditions. The study has been found that the microwave thermal treatment develops thermally activated cross linking in the agar aqueous solution leading to higher glass transition temperature for agar. The green combination (agar aqueous solution and microwave treatment) can be used as alternative to (monomer, solvent, cross linker) Companion. Also, using the ultrasonic treatment can effectively eliminate needs for dispersants, also the vacuum de-airing treatment. Yttria stabilized zirconia ceramic with high dimensional accuracy, low surface roughness (Ra=2. 81 nm) can be obtained using an agar ratio of (0.4%) and solid loading of (65%). The sample can be moulded with complex shape and the green gel, also the pre-sintered body is machineable. The sintered samples have a porosity of (31%) and compressive strength of (234MPa). Regression analysis and genetic algorithm are showed that the obtained microhardness, compressive strength, and surface roughness are predictable.
Rechargeable Flexible Paper Battery using PAV, PSSPEDOT Polymer
Authors: Abed Thakir H. , Abed Meethaq. M. , Kadem Burak Y. , Jaiad Ahmad T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main idea of this research is to design a rechargeable paper battery from local cheap and available materials. The practical part is represented by adding Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to conductive polymer (PSS PEDOT) with adding different mineral salts for then study the quantum of electrical conductivity and heat influence on electrical conductivity and acidity factors of the Electrolyte solution.The next step was to produce a rechargeable, flexible battery manufactured from regular cellulose paper, sulfone, and ionic solution.The measurements were made using modern laboratory devices to study the electrical properties, conductivity, resistance (Hall Effect), and voltage quantum of the ionic solution. Through the results we obtained, we noticed an increase in the conductivity of the ionic solution when adding mineral salts. The voltage quantum of one battery ranged between 0.3-0.3 volts, also several batteries were connected in series, and the result was 1.8 volts. Manufactured paper batteries can be recharged with a direct current source and recover their efficiency marked up 98-99%.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Thermal Performance for Flat Plate Solar Water Heater in Najaf
Authors: Alghurabe Mohammed J , Al-Shamkhee Dhafer M , Alsahlani Assaad A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work presented the numerical and experimental study of the thermal performance of a flat plate collector (FPC). This study focuses on analyzing the performance of (FPC) in the climatic conditions of Najaf and calculating the thermal energy produced by the collector for domestic use, which reduces the electricity consumption that Iraq is witnessing a severe shortage in its supply. Also, various working fluids (water, oil engine, ethylene glycol-water mixture) were tested to determine the best working fluid that improves the collector’s efficiency. The experiments were performed in Najaf, Iraq (32° 2’ N / 44° 18’ E) on January 9, 2019. The simulation study of the (FPC) is performed by COMSOL Multiphasic 5.3 software. The numerical results were validated with experimental results and there was good convergence between them. The results showed that the average daily efficiency of the solar collector (FPC) was 37.17%, and the highest outlet water temperature of the collector was 57.1Co. The collector achieved a useful cumulative useful heat during the day of about 3.3557 MW, this contributes to reducing the use of electricity and achieving the required economic feasibility of use (FPC). Finally, the engine oil gave better results in improving efficiency compared to other working fluids.