bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La función del lenguaje en un enfoque constructivista del aprendizaje de las ciencias
Authors: Llorens Molina J. A. , Jaime M. C. de , Llopis R. 
Published: June 2021

A constructivist view of science learning involves the overall knowledge of cultural factors wich can affect this process. The new trends in the theoretical aspects agree with the acceptance of the interactive nature of the language- thinking relationship. Simultaneously, some research papers show the relationship between language and cultural surroundings. In this paper we try to establish the experimental justification of the relevance of semantic analysis of the pupil's language and to test some hypotheses about the language role in concept making.
Causalidad y operaciones en la interpretación de las concepciones espontáneas
Authors: Pacca Jesuïna Lopes de Almeida , Saraiva J. A. F. 
Published: June 2021

This work analyses aspects of Piagees genetic epistemology concerning the construction of the notion of causality which, although being developed in parallel with the operatory notions, cannot be identified with them. Such differentiation is important to understand the knowledge of students shown trough spontaneous conceptions. The idea of necessity, which in Piaget's theory, is essential for the construction of causal relations, is considered here as a relative necessity, making sense and having value when referred to a system of explanation. Considering alternative conceptions as models of explanation of physical phenomena, the relations in these models must be causal and necessary in respect to a physical system, incomplete and inadequate as it might be.
La didàctica de les ciències : una empresa racional
Authors: Aliberas Maymí Joan , Gutiérrez R. , Izquierdo i Aymerich Mercè 
Published: June 2021

This article uses S. Toulmin 's evolutionary epistemology in order to face the present-day situation of Science Education, considered a suficiently different discipline in comparison with the other scientific disciplines, having its own professional field and research. As a result of this, the importance of timing and the pressure to find ways or collective work are emphasised. This may allow to reach theoretical agreements which have not yet been achieved in a satisfactory way. The change of teaching institutions, methods of working and training, which would allow for the innovative teaching behaviour now considered adequate by the professional staaf is also considered absolutely relevant.
Investigación en enseñanza de las ciencias en la Universidad de Cornell: esquemas teóricos, cuestiones centrales y abordes metodológicos
Authors: Moreira Marco Antonio , Novak J. D. 
Published: June 2021

This paper provides a description of the kinds of telling questions, guiding theories, and research methodologies involved in the science education program at Cornell University in recent years, and that will continue to be in the research agenda in the near future. Given its research bias, it does not focus directly on matters such as curriculum development, instructional practices, and teacher preparation —which are also being carried out at Cornell —but rather on implications of research findings on these matters. By doing this, the authors attempt to be coherent with the fact that the program is theory -based and that in its development there has been a continuous effort to design both research and new instructional practices from a theoretical foundation, and in turn construct, modify, and elaborate the theoretical frameworks. An English version of this paper is available from the authors upon request.
Ideas de los alumnos sobre digestión : aspectos anatómicos
Authors: Banet Hernández Enrique , Núñez Francisco 
Published: June 2021

In this article we analize the ideas that students from different levels (FOB, BUP, Teachers' Training college) as well as some teachers have in relation to some specific anatomical aspects of the digestive system. The results obtained show a very low effect of instruction on the conceptual progression of the student, and they suggest, as a working hypothesis, specific classroom tasks which could favour a more useful and lasting learning of the above mentioned concepts.
Ideas sobre los cambios de estado de agregación y las disoluciones en alumnos del 2º curso del BUP
Authors: Fernández Fernández J. M. 
Published: June 2021

We have tried to learn from the pupils who start in our school the systematic study of Chemistry, which are their ideas about nature and mass preservation, in relation to changes in substance condition and solution of a solid in a liquid. We have learnt that a great majority of them have preconceptions about the above mentioned questions, however, those preconceptions do not form a solid and coherent structure, thus showing an important confusion of ideas.
El uso de la terminología científica en los alumnos que comienzan el estudio de la química en la enseñanza media. Una propuesta metodológica para su análisis.
Authors: Llorens Molina J. A. , Llopis R. , Jaime M. C. de 
Published: June 2021

There is nowadays an increasing interest in the use of language in Science Teaching, as a means of communica- tion, and, maihly as an importat factor in the development of concepts. Thus, we can distinguish various aspects: syntactic, semantic, phonetic, sociolinguistic and motivational. In this paper we offer a methodology for analyzing connotations in the use of scientific vocabulary by pupils. This methodology is applied to 22 characteristic words in the teaching of preliminary concepts in chemistry. We place a special emphasis on the study of the relationship between misconceptions and the use of the words in everyday contexts.
Estudio, mediante un "path-analysis", de la influencia del aprendizaje en física en el desarrollo del pensamiento formal
Authors: López Rupérez F. , Palacios Gómez C. , Garrote Flores R. 
Published: June 2021

This work investigates, by a path -analysis, the strength of the direct causal linkage between the achievement in a High School Physics course and the terminal cognitive developmental level. The general fluid intelligence has been also considered in our study. The little and non -significant value obtained for path coefficient between the two first variables has been interpreted in the context of Piaget's theory.
Reflexiones en torno al concepto de energía. Implicaciones curriculares
Authors: Sevilla Segura C. 
Published: June 2021

After an analysis of the difficulty of the energy concept, the paper proposes a review of this subject in the traditional way, in secondary school curricula, in favor of the incorporation of sorne Thermodynamics concepts. Without these, the energy concept is limited and in this manner conditions its incorporation to the student's cognitive structure by losing a large part of its explanatory power.
Enseñanza basada en ordenador : una experiencia en BUP
Authors: Vidal de Labra J. A. , Romero Ayala F. , Requena Rodríguez A. 
Published: June 2021

In chis paper, the analysis of an experiment with B.U.P., 2nd. level pupils, (in the subject of Physics and Chemistry) about the incidence of Computer Based Learning (CBL) is shown. A set of pupils was divided in two groups; one received a traditional learning of «Solutions» Lesson, the other learnt the same lesson by CBL. Both groups were tested to evaluate their knowledge; the CBL group got better qualifications than the traditional group.
La "metodología de la superficialitat" i l'aprenentatge de les ciències
Authors: Carrascosa Alís Jaime , Gil Pérez D. 
Published: June 2021

The object of this article is —starting from a short justification of the science learning model as a conceptual and methodological change— to bring experimental evidence of the existence of a «methodology of superficiality» deeply assumed by students... and teachers. Usual science teaching not only does not try to modify this methodology, but it stimulates it as well.
La construcción histórica del concepto de fuerza centrípeta en relación con las dificultades de su aprendizaje
Authors: Casadellà Reig Josep , Bibiloni i Matos Lluís 
Published: June 2021

The conceptual errors which appear in the process of learning, keep some parallellism with the historical process of the building of science. As it might be helpful from a didactic point of view, we try to go through the main historical periods which led to the consolidation of the concept of centripetal force, also emphasizing the context in which it developed.
Enseñanza de la Topología y Geometría en los niveles elementales
Authors: Vidal Costa E. , Torre Fernández E. de la 
Published: June 2021

Both topological and geometric notions are a particularly essential component in the development of children's awareness. Many authors agree in the importance of this knowledge but are in dispute as to how it should be structured. We are dividing the work into two parts: in the first we are dealing with the content and offering a learning scheme; in the second we are offering some didactic guidance.
Fuerza y movimiento : la interpretación de los estudiantes
Authors: Sebastià José M. 
Published: June 2021

In the present work we present the results of a study about students' interpretations concerning physical situations involving the concepts of movement and force. Using an appropriate methodology and instrumentation we obtained evidence that the general patterns of interpretation that students use in this area of physics differ greatly from the newtonian interpretation that is intented to be transmitted in physics courses. Taking a sample of Spanish students from the geographic areas of Madrid and Valladolid, and accounting for the education level, we verified the great weight of those interpretations, and that they are not replaced by the physics courses that the students have taken. Certain implications for the improvement of physics teaching derived from the obtained results are suggested in the final part of this article.
Los problemas de Matemáticas en el curriculum de EGB (Ciclo medio) : un estudio cuantitativo/descriptivo desde el punto de vista de su potencial heurístico
Authors: Cerdán F. , Puig Espinosa L. 
Published: June 2021

Mathematical problems in the curriculum for children aged 8-11 are analyzed from different points of view related to the problem solving process. The aim of this analysis is to obtain information to enable us to improve both the curriculum and the training of teachers. All the problems in the textbooks of four series have been examined. Their distribution over courses, topics and types (the solving of which implies and increasing degree of creativity: «recognition exercicies», «algorithmic exercices», «application problems», «open -search problems» and «problem situations») have been studied. Furthermore, the standard solution to every problem has been carried out, to enable us to identify the heuristic tools implicitly contained and to analyze their distributions over courses and topics. The results lead us to conclude that the currimulum does not stimulate creative problem solving. This is especially evident in the almost complete lack of problem situations (percentages between 0.2 and 4.05), the low percentage of open -search problems and the high percentage of recognition exercices. Some subjects such as «sets and retations» and «plane shapes)) when examined in detail prove to be especially illustrative of the crucial role which the philosophy behind the currículum has in causing such poor results. The percentage of problems in the curriculum containing heuristic tools is low in almost every course (around 130/o). With regard to the heuristic tools identified (special case)), «subgoals», «examining possibilities», «draw a picture or a diagram)) and «trial and error») the hegemony of «subgoals» (nearly 50%) shows how and when problem solving heuristics could be achieved.
Consideración sobre algunos errores conceptuales en el aprendizaje de la Química en el Bachillerato
Authors: Caamaño Ros Aureli , Mayós C. , Maestre G. , Ventura T. 
Published: June 2021

Some mistakes frequently found in the learning process of Chemistry in secondary schools are dealth with. Specifically:— the difficulty in making the difference between mixed and compound substance,— the difficulty in reasoning the discontinuous nature of matter,— the associations acorn -element and molecule-compound, - the non comprenhension of the mol concept, etc...Some suggested solutions are also included.
Intuición e historia de las ciencias en la enseñanza
Authors: Valera M. , López C. , García S. , Gil J. , Grutos J. , Iniesta Mª A , Marset Campos Pedro 
Published: June 2021

This paper establishes a relationship between some of the students' misconceptions (in mathematics, astronomy, mechanics,...) and the historical evolution of scientific knowledge. The results suggest that the awareness on the teacher's side of such historical evolution would help to introduce the physical concepts in a more appropiate manner.
Análisis de dos modelos evaluativos referidos a la química de COU y selectividad (primeros resultados)
Authors: López N. , Llopis R. , LLorens Molina J. A. , Salinas B. , Soler J. 
Published: June 2021

This article is about the content and analysis of examinations and assessment in a specific field: the teaching of Chemistry. We compare the results obtained by students in different internal test during and the end of an academic year with those obtained by the same students in art external test set by the entrance examination board at the University of Valencia.
Efficient Identification of High-Titer Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Plasma Samples by Pooling Method
Authors: Nguyen Khoa D. , Wirz Oliver F. , Röltgen Katharina , Pandey Suchitra , Tolentino Lorna , Boyd Scott D. , Pham Tho D. 
Published: June 2021

Context.—
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has elicited a surge in demand for serologic testing to identify previously infected individuals. In particular, antibody testing is crucial in identifying COVID-19 convalescent plasma, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration under the Emergency Use Authorization for use as passive immunotherapy for hospitalized patients infected with COVID-19. Currently, high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma can be qualified by Ortho's Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test.

Objective.—
To explore the use of an efficient testing method to identify high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma for use in treating COVID-19–infected patients and track COVID-19 positivity over time.

Design.—
We evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)–based method that detects antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) with individual and pooled plasma samples and compared its performance against the Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test. Using the pooled RBD-ELISA (P-RE) method, we also screened more than 10 000 longitudinal healthy blood donor samples to assess seroprevalence.

Results.—
P-RE demonstrates 100% sensitivity in detecting Food and Drug Administration–defined high-titer samples when compared with the Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test. Overall sensitivity of P-RE when compared with the Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test and our individual sample RBD-ELISA (I-RE) were 83% and 56%, respectively. When screening 10 218 healthy blood donor samples by P-RE, we found the seroprevalence correlated with the local infection rates with a correlation coefficient of 0.21 (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions.—
Pooling plasma samples can be used to efficiently screen large populations for individuals with high-titer anti–RBD antibodies, important for COVID-19 convalescent plasma identification.
Analysis of Steady Flow Over Interacting Sails
Authors: Register David S. , Irey Richard K. 
Published: June 2021

Inviscid lifting surface techniques are applied to strongly interacting multiple sail configurations. A computer program is developed to solve the resulting non-linear potential flow problem. It is employed to predict the pressure distributions for a number of single and multi-sail rigs. Empirical; tall prediction and correction methods are proposed and implemented.
Catboat rigs are found to be superior to sloop rigs in lift coefficient, while sloop rigs show a lower drag coefficient. A finite optimum mainsail aspect ratio is predicted for masthead and 7/8 rigs, but not for a 3/4 fractional rig. The region of significant perturbation of the onset flow field is shown to extend as much as eight chord lengths ahead of the mainsail of a cat-ketch rig.
Sailing Yacht Capsizing
Authors: Kirkman Karl , Nagle Toby J. , Salsich Joseph O. 
Published: June 2021

A joint SNAME/USYRU Project for Safety From Capsizing has led to significant progress in an understanding of the causes and mechanism of the single wave impact capsize.
The paper traces the background of the project, outlines the approach selected in pursuing answers to the concerns of the yachting community, presents related findings from other research and describes capsizing model tests and the linear regression of the Fastnet '79 data.
Into the Grey Zone: Retired Nurses’ Reflections on Ethics in Canadian Nursing Practice
Authors: Jones-Bonofiglio Kristen , Alzghoul Manal M. 
Published: June 2021

Context: Nurses are often hesitant to talk about ethical issues in their practice for many unique and valid reasons. What if the burden of risk was lifted upon retirement, even if just slightly? The purpose of this study was to explore retired nurses’ reflections on their experiences of ethical issues and decision making in various nursing practice settings throughout their careers and to glean recommendations for ethics in contemporary nursing practice. Methods: Data were collected via in-depth, individual, semi-structured interviews. Guided by an interpretive, descriptive approach, data were managed with NVivo v.11 and analyzed with an inductive, comparative, thematic approach. In northern Ontario, two nurse researchers co-interviewed eight retired nurses with decades of practice experience across diverse Canadian health care settings. Ethics approval was obtained through Lakehead University’s Research Ethics Board. Findings: Three themes emerged to address ethical issues in practice; these are creativity, resourcefulness, and a strong sense of community with other nurses. Further, the retired nurses’ collated reflections on ethics in practice are presented as the FIG model: Fellowship, Ingenuity, and Gumption. Conclusions: This study identifies ethical underpinnings that retired nurses have used to effectively respond to ethical issues in their practice. Those who are currently nursing, and nursing as a profession, may wish to recognize and retain these strategies in order to continue to deliver a high standard of quality, ethical care. Recommendations for practice, research, and education are offered.
Diminuer les injustices épistémiques au moyen d’enseignements par et avec les patients : l’expérience pragmatiste de la faculté de médecine de Bobigny
Authors: Gross Olivia , Gagnayre Rémi 
Published: June 2021

Quand des catégories d’acteurs sont discrédités, les inégalités épistémiques produisent des injustices testimoniales ou herméneutiques. Ces injustices se manifestent par l’absence de reconnaissance des savoirs d’autrui et par le fait que sa faculté de compréhension soit mise en doute. De plus, bien que subissant des normes exogènes dans lesquelles elles ne se retrouvent pas, les personnes subissant ces injustices éprouvent des difficultés à se faire entendre et à identifier leurs propres normes. Ces deux types d’injustice altèrent la qualité des relations de soins, en particulier sur le plan de l’éthique relationnelle en érodant la confiance entre soignés et soignants. Pour les contrer, une expérience pédagogique adossée à des logiques démocratiques et épistémiques a été proposée à des étudiants en santé. Cette dernière comporte trois piliers : des enseignements sur le partenariat entre professionnels de santé et patients, des patients comme enseignants ou mentors et des patients comme collègues. Ces trois piliers sont présentés comme inter-reliés, l’un n’allant pas sans l’autre. Sur le plan démocratique, est visé un rééquilibre des rapports de pouvoir. Ainsi, ce sont des patients qui recrutent les patients, selon des critères qui leur sont propres et ces derniers ont un statut. Sur le plan épistémique, est visé un rééquilibre des rapports de savoirs, ce qui conduit à interroger les savoirs et les normes à l’aune de leurs conséquences sur les patients, plus exactement sur « l’expérience patient ». Deux programmes pédagogiques différents et complémentaires mis en oeuvre ont permis de constituer une expérience pédagogique au sein d’une faculté de médecine (Université Sorbonne Paris Nord) située dans la ville de Bobigny, dite dès lors « expérience de Bobigny ». Il s’agit, pour l’un, de convoquer la « perspective patient » autour de la résolution de situations cliniques et pour l’autre, de convoquer la médecine narrative, afin de croiser les expériences d’étudiants et de patients autour de sujets précis.
Meta-analysis of the effect of expression of MYB transcription factor genes on abiotic stress
Authors: Han Zhaolan , Shang Xiaowen , Shao Lingxia , Wang Ya , Zhu Xujun , Fang Wanping , Ma Yuanchun 
Published: June 2021

Background
MYB proteins are a large group of transcription factors. The overexpression of MYB genes has been reported to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plant. However, due to the variety of plant species studied and the types of gene donors/recipients, along with different experimental conditions, it is difficult to interpret the roles of MYB in abiotic stress tolerance from published data.

Methods
Using meta-analysis approach, we investigated the plant characteristics involved in cold, drought, and salt stress in MYB-overexpressing plants and analyzed the degrees of influence on plant performance by experimental variables.

Results
The results show that two of the four measured plant parameters in cold-stressed plants, two of the six in drought-stressed, and four of the 13 in salt-stressed were significantly impacted by MYB overexpression by 22% or more, and the treatment medium, donor/recipient species, and donor type significantly influence the effects of MYB-overexpression on drought stress tolerance. Also, the donor/recipient species, donor type, and stress duration all significantly affected the extent of MYB-mediated salt stress tolerance. In summary, this study compiles and analyzes the data across studies to help us understand the complex interactions that dictate the efficacy of heterologous MYB expression designed for improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants.