bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Apprehension to Return to Sport After Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: an Exploratory Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Martini Alexandre , PT Anne Ayala , Lechable Marc , Rannou François , Lefèvre-Colau Marie-Martine , Nguyen Christelle 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background. Only 65% of people recover a level of sport equivalent to that before after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Persisting apprehension may in part explain this observation. We aimed to describe characteristics of people with ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (RSI) scores ≥ 60/100 (low apprehension) at 6 months after injury and to identify variables independently associated with low apprehension at 6 months. Methods. We conducted a single-center retrospective study. People who had surgery for an ACL rupture and who participated in an outpatient post-operative rehabilitation program were included consecutively. The ACL-RSI questionnaire was self-administered at 6 months after injury. Baseline characteristics of people with ACL-RSI scores ≥ 60/100 and < 60/100 were described. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify baseline variables associated with low apprehension at 6 months.Results. We included 37 participants: 13/37 (35.1%) were women and mean age was 27.2 (9.2) years. At 6 months, 21/37 (56.8%) had an ACL-RSI score ≥ 60/100. Participants who had an ACL-RSI score ≥ 60/100 more often received a preoperative rehabilitation (16/21 [76.2%] vs 5/16 [31.2%]), and had less often knee pain (7/21 [33.3%] vs 7/16 [43.7%]) and effusion (5/21 [23.8%] vs 8/16 [50.0%]) at 1 month after surgery, than participants who had an ACL-RSI score < 60/100. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative rehabilitation was associated with low apprehension at 6 months (OR [95% CI]=0.107 [0.023 to 0.488], p=0.002).Conclusions. Preoperative rehabilitation is independently associated with low apprehension at 6 months.Trial registration. Not applicable.
Viewpoint Changes of Medical Sciences Graduates in Evaluating the Performance of Faculty Members: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Azizi Hanieh , Beheshid Mozhgan , Gholipour Kamal , Abadi Saeed Aslan , Azadifar Ali , Alizadeh Mahasti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify which dimensions of faculty members’ evaluation criteria changed from the viewpoint of students after their graduation, and to determine the effective factors in changing their viewpoints.Methods: Using 28 semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study was conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TBZMED), Iran during 2016-2017. The target population included all graduates who accomplished their job duty and had a working experience of 1-3 years. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: There were two types of changes from the viewpoint of the graduates in evaluating the performance of faculty members: individual and environmental. Individual factors included the responsibility of graduates, social maturity, personal experience, intellectual maturity, understanding the causes of teachers’ behaviors, and understanding the importance of evaluation. The environmental factors were applicability of learning experiences in the work environment and workplace conditions. Conclusion: From the perspective of graduates, the importance of some evaluation criteria in the educational, professional, and personal dimensions changed over their study period due to some factors, such as personal experience, experiences in the work environment, workplace conditions, and intellectual maturity.
Branch- and Enantioselective Allylic C−H Alkylation Works Well for Almost All Types of α-Alkenes
Authors: Nong Zhong-Sheng , Zhu Ling , Wang Tian-Ci , Fan Lian-Feng , Wang Pu-Sheng , Gong Liu-Zhu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Asymmetric functionalization of alkenes represents one of the most attractive and straightforward methods to achieve precise assembly of molecular complexity from cost-effectiveness and sustainability viewpoints. Although the regio- and enantioselective transformations on the carbon-carbon double bond of alkenes have been extensively studied, those on the allylic C−H bonds of inactivated alkenes remain to be explored. Here, we report a Pd-catalyzed branch- and enantioselective allylic C−H alkylation, capable of accommodating almost all types of α-alkenes that range from feedstocks annually manufactured on million-ton scale to olefins tethering a wide scope of appended functionalities, providing unconventional access to chiral γ,δ-unsaturated amides. Notably, mechanistic studies reveal that the regioselectivity is not only governed by the coordination pattern of nucleophiles but also regulated by the ligational behaviors of ligands, highlighting the importance of the mono-ligation of chiral phosphoramidite ligands in provoking high levels of stereo- and branch-selectivity via a nucleophile-coordination enabled inner-sphere allylation pathway.
A Comparative Study On Electronic Transport Behavior Of Silicene And B40-Nano Onions
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Kaur Jupinder , Kumar Ravinder 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Density Functional Theory is utilized to scrutinize the electronic state of silicene and boron nano-onion which is a round compact mass formed by placing an N20, C20, and B20 fullerene within its parent atom fullerene B40. NEGF was used to investigate the quantum transport at both equilibrium and non-equilibrium. Firstly, the I-V curve for both silicene and boron-based devices was studied and compared. From the results, it is concluded that boron-based devices are better than silicene. To get deeper insights into why boron-based devices are better than silicene, transport properties of boron-based devices were determined. Later on, the transport mechanism is analyzed by computing the DOS, transmission and molecular spectra, HLG, electron densities, and differential conductance when the boron nano-onion is placed between the pair of Au electrodes. The calculated results are evaluated and a comparative study is done. From the results, it is deduced that the N20 variant nano-onion has lesser HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG) and highest value of current in comparison to other devices. Thus, by infusing a smaller fullerene of N20 inside the hollow cage of B40 fullerene the amplification of current and conductance can be observed in Boron-nano-onion in comparison to other devices.
Neurocognitive Dysfunction Among Patients Living With HIV/AIDS in a National Teaching Hospital in Ghana: Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Fiagbe Delali , Boima Vincent , Ganu Vincent , Amissah-Arthur Maame , Yorke Ernest , Dey Dzifa , Acquaye Kelvin , Gyaban-Mensah Anna , Puplampu Peter , Adjei Patrick , Mate-Kole Charles Christopher 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies have reported good therapeutic outcomes among persons living with HIV, however, there is evidence to indicate persisting cognitive deficits. The present study examined the pattern of neurocognitive deficits and psychosocial changes among persons living with HIV at a tertiary hospital in a Sub Saharan country, Ghana.
Method
This was facility-base cross-sectional study involving one hundred and twenty-three (123) patients recruited from an infectious disease unit in a national referral hospital. Structured questionnaire and standardized research instruments; Revised Quick Cognitive Screening Test (RQCST), Digit Span Test, Spatial Span Test, Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), California Verbal Learning Test ii short form (CVLT), Santa Clara Strength of Religious (SCSR), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL) were used to obtain quantitative data on socio-demographic characteristics, cognitive function, spirituality, depression and quality of life. Eight individuals each were sampled for in-depth interviews. Responses were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Statistical significance was set at < 0.05.
Results
The results indicated that 54% of the participants experienced cognitive deficits. There was a significant correlation between duration of the illness in months and Revised Quick Cognitive Screening Test [RQCST] Global score, r (73) = .29, p = .012, and Verbal score, r (73) = .35, p = .002 and Brief Symptoms Inventory [BSI] Depression sub-domain, r (61) = -.33, p = .009. Physical Health, a domain in WHO quality of life was a significant predictor of cognitive deficits in patient living with HIV/AIDS
Conclusion
Cognitive deficits are associated with poor psychosocial outcomes in patient living with HIV/AIDS, Neurocognitive assessment should be considered a crucial aspect in the management of HIV rehabilitation.
An Integrating of Clinical, Pathological, and Radiomic Approach to Predict the Microsatellite Instability in Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Hang , Yu Peng , Li Jiankai , Song Niping , Wan Zi'ang , Chen Bingchen , Tu Shiliang , Wei Yuguo , Ma Yanqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To develop an integrative model with clinical, pathological, and radiomic characteristics to predict the status of microsatellite instability (MSI) in rectal carcinoma (RC). Methods: A cohort of 788 RCs with 97 high MSI status (MSI-H) and 691 microsatellite stable status (MSS) were enrolled. The clinical and pathological characteristics were recorded. The radiomic features were calculated after segmentation of volume of interests and then patients were divided into the training set and validation set with a random proportion of 7:3. The logistic models of simple clinical characteristics (LM-Clin), pathological characteristics (LM-Patho), and radiomic features (LM-Radio) were constructed to distinguish MSI-H from MSS. The relevant radiomic score was calculated. Finally, a integrative nomogram (LM-Nomo) including significant clinical, pathological characteristics, and radiomics was developed. The area under receiver operator curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of prediction. Results: The AUC of simple LM-Clin including variables of CEA and hypertension and LM-Patho including characteristics of gross type and lymph node metastasis ratio (LNR) was 0.584 (95%CI, 0.549-0.619) and 0.585 (95%CI, 0.550-0.619), which was lower than that of LM-Radio including 12 radiomic features with AUC of 0.737 (95%CI, 0.675-0.799). The LM-Nomo contained CEA, hypertension, LNR, and radiomic score, and the AUC was 0.757 (95%CI, 0.726-0.787). Conclusion: The AUCs of LM-Clin and LM-Patho were disappointing and lower than that of LM-Radio. The LM-Nomo demonstrated the best performance in predicting MSI-H status.
Somatic Hypermutation Defects in Two Adult Hyper Immunoglobulin M Patients
Authors: Yilmaz Hülya , Fırtına Sinem , Sarıtaş Merve , Sayitoğlu Müge , Ar Muhlis Cem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hyper immunoglobulin M (HIGM) syndrome is a rare disorder of the immune system with impaired antibody functions. The clinical picture of the patients varies according to the underlying genetic variation. In this study, we identified two novel variants in AID and UNG genes, which are associated with autosomal recessive type HIGM, by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel. A biallelic 11 base pair deletion (c.278_288delATGTGGCCGAC) in the coding sequence of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) gene was identified in a 36-years-old patient. Biallelic two base pair insertion in exon 7 of Uracil nucleoside glycosylase (UNG) gene (c.924_925insGG) was identified in 40-years-old patient. Both variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. HIGM, like many of the other primary immunodeficiencies, is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose entity with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. It should be suspected in patients with a history of early-onset recurrent respiratory infections, enlarged lymph nodes and autoimmune disorders. There might be a delay in diagnosis until adulthood especially in subtle cases or if HIGM is not included in the differential diagnosis due lacking of awareness. In this regard, genetic testing with NGS-based diagnostic panels provide a rapid and reasonable tool for the molecular diagnosis of patients with immunodeficiencies and hence, decrease the time to diagnose and prevent infection-related complications associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Establishment of a simple method to evaluate mixing times in a plastic bag photobioreactor using image processing based on freeware tools
Authors: Wurm Henrike , Sandmann Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this work was to develop a simple optical method to determine the mixing time in a photobioreactor. The image processing method should be based on freeware tools and should not require programming skills.
Results
An optical method has been established to analyze images from recorded videos of mixing experiments. The basic steps are: 1. Extraction of a sequence of images from the video file; 2. Cropping of the pictures; 3. Background removal; and 4. Image analysis and mixing time evaluation based on quantification of pixel-to-pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation over pixel intensities) within a given area of interest. The novel method was generally able to track the dependency between aeration rate and mixing time within the investigated photobioreactor. In a direct comparison, a Pearson correlation coefficient of rho = 0.9957 was obtained. Gas flow rates between 10 L h−1, and 300 L h−1 resulted from mixing times of between 48 sec and 14 sec, respectively. This simple technique is applicable even without programming skills and can be used in education within high schools and in early stages of undergraduate programs.
Global Analysis of the Signalling Network of Breast Cancer Cells in Response to Progesterone.
Authors: Wright Roni , Vastolo Viviana , Oliete Javier Quilez , Beato Miguel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer cells enter into the cell cycle following progestin exposure by the activation of signalling cascades involving a plethora of enzymes, transcription factors and co-factors that transmit the external signal from the cell membrane to chromatin, ultimately leading to a change of the gene expression program. Although many of the events within the signalling network have been described in isolation, how they globally team up to generate the final cell response is unclear. Methods: In this study we used antibody microarrays and phosphoproteomics to reveal a dynamic global signalling map that reveals new key regulated proteins and phosphor-sites and links between previously known and novel pathways. T47D breast cancer cells were used, and phosphosites and pathways highlighted were validated using specific antibodies and phenotypic assays. Bioinformatic analysis revealed an enrichment in novel signalling pathways, a coordinated response between cellular compartments and protein complexes. Results: Detailed analysis of the data revealed intriguing changes in protein complexes involved in nuclear structure, epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT), cell adhesion, as well as transcription factors previously not associated with breast cancer proliferation. Pathway analysis confirmed the key role of MAPK following progesterone and additional hormone regulated phosphosites were identified. Full network analysis shows the activation of new signalling pathways previously not associated with progesterone signalling in breast cancer cells such as ERBB and TRK. As different post-translational modifications can mediate complex crosstalk mechanisms and massive PARylation is also rapidly induced by progestins, we provide details of important chromatin regulatory complexes containing both phosphorylated and PARylated proteins. Conclusions: This study contributes an important resource for the scientific community, as it identifies novel players and connections meaningful for breast cancer cell biology and potentially relevant for cancer management.
Microbial redox interplay enhances biodiversity and ecosystem productivity
Authors: Seto Mayumi , Kondoh Michio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A significant portion of the Earth’s biodiversity and biomass is from the subsurface biosphere, where chemotrophic microbial species harness diverse inorganic oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reactions) as a major source of metabolic energy while driving biogeochemical cycles. Given the limited availability of energy in the anaerobic environment, a fundamental question concerns what interplay between the chemical environment and chemotrophic community enables the persistence of whole biogeochemical systems. Here, using a thermodynamics-based mechanistic model that maps the interplay between diverse chemotrophic species and chemical compounds onto a redox network, we show that cycles of redox reactions mediate chemotrophic interactions in a way that increases the complexity of both redox reaction networks and microbial communities and enhances the community-level efficiency of energy metabolism. The high efficiency and complexity of biogeochemical systems arises from the self-organised ecological niche segmentation of microbes. More specifically, a consortium of chemotrophic species that subdivide a long-reaction pathway into shorter-reaction segments enhance each other’s population growth, replaces the species that monopolises the long-reaction pathway, and increases ecosystem productivity. An ecologically driven ‘division of metabolic labour’ in the chemotrophic community provides a novel mechanism through which an intimate life-environment interplay concurrently enhances biodiversity and ecosystem productivity.
Isotopic signatures and source apportionment of Pb in ambient PM2.5
Authors: Jung Chien-Cheng , Chou Charles , Huang Yi-Tang , Chang Shih-Yu , Lee Chung-Te , Lin Chuan-Yao , Cheung Hing-Cho , Kuo Weu-Chen , Chang Chih-Wei , Chang Shuenn-Chin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Particulate lead (Pb) is a primary air pollutant that affects society because of its health impacts. This study investigates the source sectors of Pb associated with ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over central-western Taiwan (CWT) with new constraints on the Pb-isotopic composition. We demonstrate that the contribution of coal-fired facilities is overwhelming, which is estimated to reach 35±16 % in the summertime and is enhanced to 57±24 % during the winter monsoon seasons. Moreover, fossil-fuel vehicles remain a major source of atmospheric Pb, which accounts for 12±5 %, despite the current absence of a leaded gasoline supply. Significant seasonal and geographical variations in the Pb-isotopic composition are revealed, which suggest that the impact of East Asian (EA) pollution outflows is important in north CWT and drastically declines toward the south. We estimate the average contribution of EA outflows as accounting for 35±15 % (3.6±1.5 ng/m3) of the atmospheric Pb loading in CWT during the winter monsoon seasons.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Inhibits Osteoarthritis by Modulating Interaction Between Vitamin D Receptor and NLRP3 in Macrophages
Authors: Duan Ao , Ma Zemeng , Liu Wanshun , Shen Kai , Zhou Hao , Wang Shunbing , Kong Renyi , Shao Yuqi , Chen Yunzi , Guo Wei , Liu Feng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is most prevalent chronic joint disease globally. Loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) by chondrocytes is a classical feature of OA. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), secreted mainly by macrophages, promote expression of matrix degrading proteins and further aggravate progression of OA. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 VD) modulating inflammation thus exerting protective effects on cartilage tissue. However, the underlying mechanisms of 1,25 VD activity have not been fully elucidated.Design: The destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced mice model of OA was established to investigate the protective effects of 1,25 VD by micro-CT and Safranin-O and Fast Green staining. And the co-culture system between THP-1 cells and primary chondrocytes was constructed to explore the effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1,25 VD on chondrogenic proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. The immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the expressions of ECM proteins and matrix degradation associated proteases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines.Results: The findings of the study showed that 1,25 VD prevented cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation by inhibiting secretion of inflammatory cytokines in OA mice model. These protective effects were exerted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Further studies showed that 1,25VD increased ubiquitination level of NLRP3 by binding to VDR, resulting in decrease in IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. These findings indicate that 1,25 VD binds to VDR thus preventing chondrogenic ECM degradation by modulating macrophage NLRP3 activation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thus alleviating OA progression.Conclusions: Here, our study suggests that 1,25 VD, targeting to VDR, prevents chondrogenic ECM degradation through regulating macrophage NLRP3 activation and inflammatory cytokines secretion, thereby alleviates OA. These findings provide information on a novel molecular mechanism for application of 1,25 VD as OA therapy.
Loss of SATB2 and CDX2 Expression is Associated with DNA Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency and BRAF Mutation in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Jiezhen , Zeng Qiang , Huang Haijian , Qin Xiaoying , Chen Lingfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The relationship between the expression of the SATB2, CDX2, and p53 proteins and common molecular changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) has rarely been studied. Recent literature suggests that the loss of SATB2 and CDX2 expression is more frequently observed in cases of colon cancer with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency and BRAF mutation. We collected 1180 cases of CRC and explored the association between the expression of SATB2, CDX2, and p53 and clinicopathological characteristics and molecular alterations of CRC using whole-slide immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that negative expression of SATB2 and CDX2 was more common in MMR-protein-deficient CRC than in MMR-protein-proficient CRC (15.8% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.001; 14.5% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.000, respectively). Negative expression of SATB2 and CDX2 was more common in BRAF-mutant CRC than in BRAF wild-type CRC (17.2% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.003; 13.8% vs. 4. 2%; P = 0.004, respectively). There was no relationship between SATB2 and/or CDX2 negative expression and KRAS, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations. The expression of p53 was not associated with MMR protein status or BRAF, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA mutations. In addition, the lack of expression of SATB2, CDX2, and p53 was associated with poor histopathological features of CRC. In conclusion, the lack of SATB2 and CDX2 expression in CRC was associated with MMR protein deficiency and BRAF mutation, but not with KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA mutation. The expression of p53 protein was not related to the common molecular changes of CRC.