bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified animal model of hepatic regeneration induced by hilar bile duct ligation
Authors: Li Tao , Chai Yichao , Chang Pengkang , Reng Fenggang , Xue Zhao , Zhang Hongke , Lv Yi , Hu Liangshuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMechanisms of the proliferation of liver are mainly studied in animal model of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH). However, the PH model involves complex regeneration mechanisms, including hemodynamic factors, cytokines, growth factors, and metabolites. Among liver metabolites, bile acid (BA) is a key signaling molecule that regulates liver regeneration. This study aimed to establish a new type of rapid liver hyperplasia model induced mainly by bile acid pathway through hepatoenteral circulation with hilar bile duct ligation (HBDL). We first established the HBDL model by ligating the bile duct of all hepatic lobes but the right lateral lobe in rabbits and compared with the PVL model and sham operation group. Changes in the liver lobe and hemodynamics were observed. Liver function and the bile acid level were also analyzed. Then we verified the HBDL model in mice. Liver function and the levels of bile acids and cytokines were tested. The protein and mRNA levels of FXR, FGF15, CYP7A1 and FoxM1b in liver tissue were also analyzed. After hilar ligation of the biliary tract, the unligated liver lobes proliferated significantly. Compared with those in the sham group, the volume and weight of the unligated right lateral lobe of the liver in the HBDL group and the PVL group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Transient liver function impairment occurred both in the HBDL group and PVL group in the rabbit model as well as the mouse models. The bile acid levels in the HBDL groups of the rabbit model and mouse model increased significantly within first week after surgery (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemistry results confirmed the proliferation of hepatocytes in the unligated liver lobe. Compared with those in the sham group, the levels of FXR, FGF15 and FoxM1b in the HBDL group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of CYP7A1 was inhibited. Compared with those in the HBDL group, the postoperative hemodynamic changes in the PVL group were significant (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the HBDL group were higher than those in the sham group. The HBDL model is simple to establish and exhibits good surgical tolerance. The model has definite proliferative effect and strong specificity of bile acid pathway. This is an ideal animal model to study the mechanism of liver regeneration through bile acid pathway.
Effects of virtual reality v. biophilic environments on pain and distress in oncology patients: a case-crossover pilot study
Authors: Ashley Verzwyvelt L. , McNamara Ann , Xu Xiaohui , Stubbins Renee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis pilot study aimed to determine if a biophilic Green Therapy or Virtual Reality environment can decrease an oncology patient’s pain and distress while receiving chemotherapy. A case-crossover pilot study was conducted in a comprehensive cancer infusion center. 33 participants with breast, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, pancreatic and prostate cancers were all included in three rooms in a random order at different cycles: control room, Green Therapy room, and Virtual Reality room to receive chemotherapy, respectively. Participants’ pain, distress, heart rate, blood pressure, and saliva cortisol were measured before and after infusion in each room. No statistical significance differences were shown in the changes of heart rate, systolic, or diastolic blood pressure, saliva cortisol, pain, or distress before and after infusion between the control, Green Therapy, and Virtual Reality rooms. However, more patients reported the experience as “fun” and “enjoyable” when they were in Green Therapy or Virtual reality room as compared to in the control room. Additionally, since participating in the study, 14 patients reported spending at least 30 min or more outside in nature. In this study, we found that patients’ heart rate, blood pressure, and self-reported distress levels were reduced after each biophilic intervention although results are not statistically significant. The study also suggested that biophilic interventions are safe and feasible and may complement the standard of care for oncology patients.
In vitro impact preliminary assessment of airborne particulate from metalworking and woodworking industries
Authors: Pavlovska Ilona , Ramata-Stunda Anna , Martinsone Zanna , Boroduskis Martins , Patetko Liene , Martinsone Inese , Seile Anita , Vanadzins Ivars 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInhalation is the main route of exposure to airborne pollutants. To evaluate the safety and assess the risks of occupational hazards different testing approaches are used. 3D airway epithelial tissues allow to mimic exposure conditions in vitro, generates human-relevant toxicology data, allows to elucidate the mode of action of pollutants. Gillian3500 pumps were used to collect the airborne particulate from woodworking and metalworking environments. EpiAirway tissues were used to model half working day (4 h), full working day (8 h), and 3 working day exposures to occupational pollutants. Tissue viability was assessed using an MTT assay. For preliminary assessment, RT-qPCR analyses were performed to analyze the expression of gelsolin, caspase-3, and IL-6. Tissue morphology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. An effect on the proliferation of lung epithelial cell line A549 was assessed. Acute exposure to workspace pollutants slightly affected tissue viability and did not change the morphology. No inhibiting effect was observed on the proliferation of A549 cells. Preliminary analysis showed that both types of particles suppressed the expression of gelsolin, with the effect of metalworking samples being more pronounced. A slight reduction in caspase-3 expression was observed. Particles from metalworking suppressed IL-6 expression.
Sidedness determines clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in medullary adenocarcinoma of the colon
Authors: Blakely Andrew M. , Nelson Rebecca A. , Hamilton Stanley A. , Lai Lily L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColon medullary adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a rare histologic subtype. Clinical presentation and cancer outcomes of MAC, compared to colon adenocarcinoma (AC), remain incompletely described. Annual age-adjusted incidence rates were computed using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (2002–2017). A cohort analysis using the National Cancer Database (2010–2016) compared patient characteristics in an unmatched dataset and prognostic characteristics in a 1:1 matched subset. Reported annual age-adjusted incidence of MAC has significantly increased, with an average annual percent change (APC) increase of 23.8% (95% CI: 19.2–28.6); concurrent AC incidence declined (APC: − 2.8, 95% CI: − 3.1 to − 2.8). Analyses of 1018 MAC and 210,784 AC unmatched patients showed that MAC patients were more often older, female, and white, with higher disease stage, poorly-differentiated tumors, right-sided laterality, and lymphovascular invasion (all p < 0.0001). Among those with known microsatellite status, instability was more prevalent among MAC than AC patients (82% vs. 24%, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analyses of the matched dataset revealed that MAC histology was not independently associated with overall survival. However, when stratifying by laterality, left-sided MAC was associated with shorter survival when compared to right-sided MAC (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.16–2.38) and right-sided AC (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12–2.12). The reported incidence of MAC is increasing, in contrast to the declining incidence of AC. MAC clinical and molecular features are distinct from AC and likely account for outcome differences. Overall, left-sided MAC was associated with the shortest OS. Molecular profiling may improve treatment guidelines for MAC.
Two triterpenoids from Rubus fraxinifolius leaves and their tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities
Authors: Desmiaty Yesi , Hanafi Muhammad , Saputri Fadlina Chany , Elya Berna , Rifai Eko Aditya , Syahdi Rezi Riadhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerous therapeutic compounds have been isolated from naturally abundant organic resources, which may offer economical and sustainable sources of compounds with safe and efficacious biological activities. In the cosmetics industry, natural compounds with anti-aging activities are eagerly sought. Thus, we prepared various extracts from Rubus fraxinifolius leaves and used enzyme inhibition assays to isolate compounds with protective effects against skin aging. Two triterpenoids were isolated from Rubus fraxinifolius Poir. leaves. The structures were characterized by spectroscopic analyses (LC-ESI-MS, 1D/2D NMR) and comparison to reported data. Compound 1 and 2 were determined as 2,3-O-ethyleneglycol, 19-hydroxyurs-12-en-23,28-dioic acid and 2,3-O-propanediol,19-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid. Methanol extract and isolates were assessed for their inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited elastase with IC50 122.199 µg/mL and 98.22 µg/mL, and also inhibited tyrosinase with IC50 207.79 µg/mL and 221.51 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking proved that both compounds have affinities toward the enzymes.
The effects of human movements on urban climate over Eastern China
Authors: Wu Lingyun , Zhang Jingyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe live on an urban planet with unprecedented human mobility. In this study, we collectively analyze ten large cities over densely populated Eastern China, and detect that mass people outflows during Spring Festival (SF) holiday significantly cool down urban climate expressed as urban heat island intensity variation particularly at the nighttime after minimizing the effects of other factors. We estimate that the average nighttime cooling effects of the ten large cities over Eastern China during the SF holiday relative to the nearby background period are 0.63 °C stronger during the 2000s than during the 1990s. The attribution analysis points to that the urban cooling effects are primarily caused by mass people outflows during the SF holiday. Our findings help to better understand the complex interactions of human population dynamics, urban development, and the environment, and may have important implications for promoting sustainable, people-centered, and resilient development of our urban planet.
Seasonality modulates wind-driven mixing pathways in a large lake
Authors: Fernández Castro Bieito , Bouffard Damien , Troy Cary , Ulloa Hugo N. , Piccolroaz Sebastiano , Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Chmiel Hannah E. , Serra Moncadas Lucas , Lavanchy Sébastien , Wüest Alfred 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTurbulent mixing controls the vertical transfer of heat, gases and nutrients in stratified water bodies, shaping their response to environmental forcing. Nevertheless, due to technical limitations, the redistribution of wind-derived energy fuelling turbulence within stratified lakes has only been mapped over short (sub-annual) timescales. Here we present a year-round observational record of energy fluxes in the large Lake Geneva. Contrary to the standing view, we show that the benthic layers are the main locus for turbulent mixing only during winter. Instead, most turbulent mixing occurs in the water-column interior during the stratified summer season, when the co-occurrence of thermal stability and lighter winds weakens near-sediment currents. Since stratified conditions are becoming more prevalent –possibly reducing turbulent fluxes in deep benthic environments–, these results contribute to the ongoing efforts to anticipate the effects of climate change on freshwater quality and ecosystem services in large lakes.
Older adults across the globe exhibit increased prosocial behavior but also greater in-group preferences
Authors: Cutler Jo , Nitschke Jonas P. , Lamm Claus , Lockwood Patricia L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPopulation aging is a global phenomenon with substantial implications across society1,2. Prosocial behaviors—actions that benefit others—promote mental and physical health across the lifespan3,4 and can save lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined whether age predicts prosociality in a preregistered global study (46,576 people aged 18–99 across 67 countries) using two acutely relevant measures: distancing during COVID-19 and willingness to donate to hypothetical charities. Age positively predicted prosociality on both measures, with increased distancing and donations among older adults. However, older adults were more in-group focused than younger adults in choosing who to help, making larger donations to national over international charities and reporting increased in-group preferences. In-group preferences helped explain greater national over international donations. Results were robust to several control analyses and internal replication. Our findings have vital implications for predicting the social and economic impacts of aging populations, increasing compliance with public health measures and encouraging charitable donations.
Ethyl acetate extract of theMusa nanaflower inhibits osteoclastogenesis and suppresses NF-κB and MAPK pathways
Authors: Tang Min-Min , Chen Ying-Jie , Wu Jia-Ying , Amin Aftab , Zhou Xue-Ming , Jin Cai , Chen Guang-Ying , Yu Zhi-Ling 
Published: October 2021

Effects of ethyl acetate extract (FFE-EA) of the Musa nana flower on the RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis pathway.
Comment on “Non-interacting coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particles near the quadrature configuration of solar terrestrial relations observatory”: CME shocks are fast magnetosonic shocks and not intermediate Alfvén shocks
Authors: Tsurutani B. T. , Shan L. , Lakhina G. S. , Mazelle C. , Meng X. , Du A. , Liu Z. 
Published: October 2021

Aims.The expression for the shock Mach number used by Ravishankar and Michalek (2020, A&A, 638, A42) is incorrect. We wish to provide a correct expression so they can redo their analyses.Methods.Coronal mass ejection (CME) shocks are fast magnetosonic shocks and not intermediate Alfvén shocks. We give the steps for calculating the shock normal, shock velocity, and, thus, the shock Mach number. We also mention that the shock properties, such as being quasi-perpendicular or quasi-parallel, are another important parameter for the shock acceleration of energetic particles.Results.We have corrected the errors existing in the Astronomy and Astrophysics literature concerning the mathematical expression for the Mach number for a CME shock. Hopefully, future authors will use the now-correct expression for the Mach number.Conclusions.The correct shock Mach number expression has been given to Ravishankar and Michalek. It is hoped that they will redo their calculations (including using other shock properties) to see if their 2020 conclusions still hold true or not.
Clustered star formation at early evolutionary stages
Authors: Gieser C. , Beuther H. , Semenov D. , Suri S. , Soler J. D. , Linz H. , Syed J. , Henning Th. , Feng S. , Möller T. , Palau A. , Winters J. M. , Beltrán M. T. , Kuiper R. , Moscadelli L. , Klaassen P. , Urquhart J. S. , Peters T. , Longmore S. N. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Galván-Madrid R. , Pudritz R. E. , Johnston K. G. 
Published: October 2021

Context. The process of high-mass star formation during the earliest evolutionary stages and the change over time of the physical and chemical properties of individual fragmented cores are still not fully understood.
Aims. We aim to characterize the physical and chemical properties of fragmented cores during the earliest evolutionary stages in the very young star-forming regions ISOSS J22478+6357 and ISOSS J23053+5953.
Methods. NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array 1.3 mm data are used in combination with archival mid- and far-infrared Spitzer and Herschel telescope observations to construct and fit the spectral energy distributions of individual fragmented cores. The radial density profiles are inferred from the 1.3 mm continuum visibility profiles, and the radial temperature profiles are estimated from H2CO rotation temperature maps. Molecular column densities are derived with the line fitting tool XCLASS. The physical and chemical properties are combined by applying the physical-chemical model MUlti Stage ChemicaL codE in order to constrain the chemical timescales of a few line-rich cores. The morphology and spatial correlations of the molecular emission are analyzed using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) method.
Results. The mid-infrared data show that both regions contain a cluster of young stellar objects. Bipolar molecular outflows are observed in the CO 2−1 transition toward the strong millimeter (mm) cores, indicating protostellar activity. We find strong molecular emission of SO, SiO, H2CO, and CH3OH in locations that are not associated with the mm cores. These shocked knots can be associated either with the bipolar outflows or, in the case of ISOSS J23053+5953, with a colliding flow that creates a large shocked region between the mm cores. The mean chemical timescale of the cores is lower (~20 000 yr) compared to that of the sources of the more evolved CORE sample (~60 000 yr). With the HOG method, we find that the spatial emission of species that trace the extended emission and of shock-tracing molecules are well correlated within transitions of these groups.
Conclusions. Clustered star formation is observed toward both regions. Comparing the mean results of the density and temperature power-law index with the results of the original CORE sample of more evolved regions, it appears that neither change significantly from the earliest evolutionary stages to the hot molecular core stage. However, we find that the 1.3 mm flux, kinetic temperature, H2 column density, and core mass of the cores increase in time, which can be traced both in the M/L ratio and the chemical timescale, τchem.
Medizinische Vorbereitung der Lebendnierenspende
Authors: Renders Lutz , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Kappler Verena , Wen Ming , Hartmann Daniel , Aßfalg Volker 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Rahmen der Vorbereitung eines Lebendspenders für eine Organspende soll ein ausreichender Gesundheitszustand des Spenders dokumentiert werden, insbesondere auch hinsichtlich einer „normalen“ Nierenfunktion. Um diese richtig einzuschätzen, bedarf es einiger Überlegungen, die in diesem Beitrag erläutert werden. Zur weiteren Abklärung gehören der Ausschluss von Infektionen, Tumorerkrankungen, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sowie Einschränkungen der Funktion der Organe oder der Psyche, die eine Lebendspende verhindern. Zusätzlich müssen immunologische Voraussetzungen (Verträglichkeitsprüfung mittels Crossmatch und die Untersuchung der Blutgruppenkompatibilität) nachgewiesen und die Vorgaben nach dem Transplantationsgesetz erfüllt werden. Vonseiten der Transplantationschirurgie gilt es dabei, möglichst früh zu klären, ob der mögliche Spender aufgrund von den bereits erwähnten Vorerkrankungen, Voroperationen oder anatomischen Gegebenheiten überhaupt für eine Spenderoperation geeignet ist. Das interdisziplinäre Team begleitet das Lebendspendenpaar in der Vorbereitungsphase eng, um alle Besonderheiten der Spender kennenzulernen und sie mit einem maximal möglichen Maß an Sicherheit zur Spende bzw. Transplantation zu führen.
Pulmonary Imaging of Immunocompromised Patients during Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation using Non-Contrast-Enhanced Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time (3D-UTE) MRI
Authors: Metz Corona , Böckle David , Heidenreich Julius Frederik , Weng Andreas Max , Benkert Thomas , Grigoleit Götz Ulrich , Bley Thorsten , Köstler Herbert , Veldhoen Simon 
Published: October 2021

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of non-contrast-enhanced three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D-UTE) MRI for pulmonary imaging in immunocompromised patients during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Methods MRI was performed using a stack-of-spirals 3D-UTE sequence (slice thickness: 2.34mm; matrix: 256 × 256; acquisition time: 12.7–17.6 seconds) enabling imaging of the entire thorax within single breath-holds. Patients underwent MRI before HSCT initiation, in the case of periprocedural pneumonia, before discharge, and in the case of re-hospitalization. Two readers separately assessed the images regarding presence of pleural effusions, ground glass opacities (GGO), and consolidations on a per lung basis. A T2-weighted (T2w) multi-shot Turbo Spin Echo sequence (BLADE) was acquired in coronal orientation during breath-hold (slice thickness: 6.00mm; matrix: 320 × 320; acquisition time: 3.1–5.5 min) and read on a per lesion basis. Low-dose CT scans in inspiration were used as reference and were read on a per lung basis. Only scans performed within a maximum of three days were included in the inter-method analyses. Interrater agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of 3D-UTE MRI were calculated.
Results 67 MRI scans of 28 patients were acquired. A reference CT examination was available for 33 scans of 23 patients. 3D-UTE MRI showed high sensitivity and specificity regarding pleural effusions (n = 6; sensitivity, 92 %; specificity, 100 %) and consolidations (n = 22; sensitivity 98 %, specificity, 86 %). Diagnostic performance was lower for GGO (n = 9; sensitivity, 63 %; specificity, 84 %). Accuracy rates were high (pleural effusions, 98 %; GGO, 79 %; consolidations 94 %). Interrater agreement was substantial for consolidations and pleural effusions (κ = 0.69–0.82) and moderate for GGO (κ = 0.54). Compared to T2w imaging, 3D-UTE MRI depicted the assessed pathologies with at least equivalent quality and was rated superior regarding consolidations and GGO in ~50 %.
Conclusion Non-contrast 3D-UTE MRI enables radiation-free assessment of typical pulmonary complications during HSCT procedure within a single breath-hold. Yet, CT was found to be superior regarding the identification of pure GGO changes.
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Portal Vein Thrombosis: Diagnosis and Endovascular Management
Authors: Ju Connie , Li Xin , Gadani Sameer , Kapoor Baljendra , Partovi Sasan 
Published: October 2021

Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but severe entity that can cause clinically significant sequela such as worsening portal hypertension or mesenteric ischemia. Those cases refractory to medical management may be referred for endovascular intervention. Several technical considerations have been described in the literature, but a cohesive comparison of these multiple techniques is lacking.
Methods The purpose of this article is to review the diagnosis and endovascular management of PVT, including areas in which further research is warranted.
Results Cases of PVT can be readily diagnosed using ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment often begins with systemic anticoagulation and endovascular interventions may be used in selected cases. Determining the optimal approach to accessing the portal venous system depends on the underlying disease and chronicity of the thrombus and the degree of occlusion. Once access to the portal venous system is established, catheter-directed therapy may be performed to achieve recanalization.
Conclusion Despite the heterogeneity in patient presentation, cases of PVT can be readily diagnosed across several imaging modalities. Strategizing interventional approaches involves evaluation of the underlying disease and the chronicity of the thrombus.
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Analogy approach in solving the problem of a moving electric dipole
Authors: Sautbekov Seil S. , Baisalova Kuralay N. , Sirenko Yuriy K. 
Published: October 2021

Using the principle of permutational duality as well as the analogical approach of both electrical and magnetic dipoles, it is possible to obtain a new relativistic magnetic type vector potential of an arbitrarily moving electric point dipole. The specific cases of the magnetic vector potential in the calculation of fields have been considered, and the obtained results have been compared with the research of other scholars.