bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent intrathecal interleukin-8 production in a patient with SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy presenting aphasia: a case report.
Authors: Kudo Takuya , Hayashi Yuichi , Kunieda Kenjiro , Yoshikura Nobuaki , Kimura Akio , Otsuki Mika , Shimohata Takayoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are increasingly recognized and include encephalopathy, although direct infection of the brain by SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial. We herein report the clinical course and cytokine profiles of a patient with severe SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy presenting aphasia.Case presentationAn 81-year-old man developed acute consciousness disturbance and status epileptics several days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Following treatment with remdesivir and dexamethasone, his consciousness and epileptic seizures improved; however, amnestic aphasia and agraphia remained. Two months after methylprednisolone pulse and intravenous immunoglobulin, his neurological deficits improved. We found increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), but not IL-2 and IL-10 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the levels of serum IL-6 and MCP-1 were much higher than those in the CSF. The level of IL-8 in the CSF after immunotherapy was four times higher than that before immunotherapy.ConclusionThe cytokine profile of our patient was similar to that seen in severe SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy. We demonstrated (i) that the characteristic aphasia can occur as a focal neurological deficit associated with SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy, and (ii) that IL8-mediated central nervous system inflammation follows systemic inflammation in SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy and can persist and worsen even after immunotherapy. Monitoring IL-8 in CSF, and long-term corticosteroids may be required for treating SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy.
Does adjusting for biological maturity when calculating child weight status improve the accuracy of predicting future health risk?
Authors: Gillison Fiona B. , Grey Elisabeth B. , Cumming Sean P. , Sherar Lauren B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting the weight categorisation of children for their biological maturity status could improve the accuracy of predicting weight status and cardiometabolic risk at age 17.

Methods
Data from 1525 participants (787 female) from the ALSPAC study were analysed. Participants’ weight status at age 11 was estimated using first standard chronological age and sex adjusted BMI cut-offs, and again using maturity adjusted BMI cut-offs. Each BMI category at age 11 was regressed against cardiometabolic risk score and BMI category at age 17, controlling for sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status.

Results
At age 11 years, 22% of boys and 46% of girls who were categorised as overweight or having obesity based on chronological age were re-categorised into a lower BMI category after adjusting for biological maturity. Biologically adjusted BMI categories better predicted BMI category at age 17 compared with non-adjusted BMI categories (∆BIC = − 21.69); the odds of having obesity at age 17 were 18.28 times greater with each increase in BMI category at age 11. Adjusted and non-adjusted BMI status at 11 years showed equivalent accuracy in predicting cardiometabolic risk at age 17; the odds ratio of high cardiometabolic risk was 1.85, with heightened risk in boys, particularly early maturers.

Conclusion
The traditional method of categorising adolescents into a BMI category may over-predict overweight and obesity, particularly in girls. Adjusting for biological maturity when estimating weight status through calculating adolescents’ BMI classification was equivalent to standard approaches in predicting other cardiovascular risk at age 17.
Utilization of HIV testing and counselling services by women with disabilities during antenatal care in Uganda: analysis of 2016 demographic and health survey
Authors: Zandam Hussaini , Akobirshoev Ilhom , Nandakumar Allyala , Mitra Monika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
HIV testing and counselling during antenatal care (ANC) is critical for eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We investigated disparity in utilization of HIV testing and counselling services (HTC) between women with and without disabilities in Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using the nationally representative 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. The study sampled 10,073 women between age 15–49 who had a live birth in the last 5 years. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for receiving pre-test HIV counselling, obtaining an HIV test result, and post-test HIV counselling by disability status using logistic regressions.

Results
We found that women with disabilities were less likely to receive pre-test HIV counselling (59.6 vs 52.4), obtain an HIV test result (68.2 vs 61.4), receive post-test HIV counselling (55.5 vs 51.6), and all HTC services (49.2 vs 43.5). From the regression analysis, women with disabilities were less likely to receive pre-test counselling [AOR = 0.83; CI = 0.74, 0.93] and obtain an HIV test result [AOR = 0.88; CI = 0.78, 0.99].

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that women with disabilities are less likely to receive HTC service during ANC and highlighted the need for disability-inclusive HIV and reproductive health services. Government, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders should consider funding inclusive campaigns and identifying other mechanisms for disseminating health information and behavioral interventions to women with disabilities.
Clinical outcome of laparoscopic versus robot-assisted radical cystectomy for patients with bladder cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Bai Yuchen , Wang Shuai , Zheng Wei , Li EnHui , Quan Jing , Wei Fei , Zhang Qi , Qi XiaoLong , Zhang DaHong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
With the development of minimally invasive surgery technology, patients with bladder cancer are increasingly receiving laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) or robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) treatment. The main purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of bladder cancer patients treated with LRC versus RARC.

Methods
A retrospective study to identify patients with clinical stage Ta/T1/Tis to T3 bladder cancer who underwent RARC or LRC has been performed. The perioperative outcome, recurrence, and overall survival (OS) of the two surgical methods were compared.

Results
218 patients were identified from March 2010 to December 2019 in our department, which including 82 (38%) patients who received LRC and 136 (62%) patients who received RARC. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of lymph node collection, lymph node positive rate, resection margin positive rate, and postoperative pathological staging. Compared with the LRC group, patients in the RARC group had a median estimated blood loss (180 vs. 250 ml; P = 0.02) and reduced complications at 90 days postoperatively (30.8% vs. 46.3%; P = 0.01). Recurrence, all-cause death, and cancer-specific death occurred in 77 (35%), 55 (25%), and 39 (18%) patients, respectively. The 5-year OS rate was 54.63% and 54.65% in the RARC and LRC group (P > 0.05). The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate was 73.32% and 61.55% in RARC and LRC group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.083, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.626–1.874; P = 0.78], and CSS (HR 0.789, 95%CI 0.411–1.515; P = 0.61) between two groups.

Conclusions
Both RARC and LRC were safe and effective with a similar long-term clinical outcomes. Moreover, RARC had significantly lower median estimated blood loss and reduced postoperative complications.
Oral reactive capillary hemangiomas induced by SHR-1210 in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Jinhan , Mao Qinghua , Li Yining , Li Zhiyong , He Hong , Chen Qianming , Liu Chuanxia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1 have remarkably improved the overall survival of many patients with advanced solid tumors. SHR-1210 is an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Dermatologic reactive capillary hemangiomas (RCH) were the most common and unique drug-related AEs of SHR-1210, but rare on oral mucosa and gastrointestinal mucosa. Herein we report a case of RCH occurred in oral mucosa during the clinical trials of SHR-1210 in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Case presentation
A male in his 60 s with a history of non-small cell lung cancer received injection of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies SHR-1210. The patient developed drug-related RCH on skin after the first injection and began to have gingival hyperplasia one year after the first injection which gradually increased in size and affect eating and speaking. Anti-PD-1 treatments were continued. After periodontal treatment, two oral lesions and one skin lesion were surgically removed. Similar histological manifestation was found in all three lesions as reactive capillary hemangiomas. All lesions had a good prognosis without recurrence on oral mucosa within one year after surgery.

Conclusions
Oral reactive capillary hemangiomas could be induced by SHR-1210 in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Surgical resection is an effective treatment with a good prognosis.
CircRFX3 contributes to glioma progression through the circRFX3-miR-1179/miR-1229-VASP axis
Authors: Li Hongli , Zhang Yiwei , Song Huiqin , Li Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the carcinogenesis of human cancers. However, the functional roles of circRFX3 in glioma are not elucidated.

Methods
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was performed for the levels of circRFX3, RFX3, miR-1179, miR-1229 and vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Actinomycin D assay and RNase R assay were employed to analyze the characteristics of circRFX3. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were conducted for cell proliferation. Transwell assay was used for cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry analysis was adopted for cell apoptosis. RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were employed to analyze the interaction between miR-1179/miR-1229 and circRFX3 or VASP. Western blot assay was conducted for VASP protein level. Murine xenograft model assay was used to investigate the role of circRFX3 in vivo.

Results
CircRFX3 level was increased in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of circRFX3 suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro and repressed tumorigenesis of glioma in vivo. MiR-1179 and miR-1229 were identified to be the targets of circRFX3. MiR-1179 or miR-1229 inhibition reversed the impacts of circRFX3 knockdown on glioma cell malignant behaviors. Additionally, VASP was demonstrated to be the target gene of miR-1179 and miR-1229, and VASP overexpression abolished the effect of circRFX3 knockdown on glioma cell progression.

Conclusion
CircRFX3 served as a tumor promoter in glioma via modulating miR-1179/miR-1229-VASP axis, which might provide a novel target for glioma therapy.
Diverse biological and engineering strategies towards organ regeneration
Authors: Hou Junjie , Zhou Qinchao , Zhu Xiaojun , Peng Jinrong , Xiong Jing-Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrgan regeneration is an important, fascinating, and old topic while much remains unknown in spite of extensive investigations for decades. From March 25th to 27th, 2021, the Third Chinese Symposium on Organ Regeneration took place in the beautiful ocean city of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China. This biennial conference attracted ~ 300 academic attendees: students, postdoctoral fellows, and principal investigators, in addition to few industrial investigators. The mixed live and virtual talks covered the broad field of organ regeneration from different animal organisms to human organoids, and concluded with some impressive advances on inflammatory signaling, regenerative signaling mechanisms, new technologies, and applications for organ regeneration.
Framing agricultural policy through the EC’s strategies on CAP reforms (1992–2017)
Authors: Erjavec Karmen , Erjavec Emil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe periodic reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) are announced each time by a strategic document in the form of a Communication by the European Commission (EC). The content of the last Communication differs from previous ones, which raises the questions of what frames the EC has employed with respect to its CAP reforms and how these frames have been modified over the past 26 years (from 1991 to 2017) in order to legitimise the preservation of the CAP. This paper tries to fill the gap in the research of frames in the main strategic documents on the CAP by employing comparative historical framing analysis. The results show consistent use of five frames: the policy mechanism frame, farmers’ economic frame, foreign trade frame, budgetary frame, and the societal concerns frame. While they have all remained in use, most have been changed significantly over the years. Throughout the analysed period, the farmers’ economic frame has retained its primacy and continuity, demonstrating the power of the farmers’ lobbies and conservative member states. If in the initial Communications the environment was barely present within the societal concerns frame, it has gained importance in the recent Communications, in addition to other general societal issues, such as climate change, food security and quality, health, digitalisation, innovation, and even migration. By marginalising the policy mechanism frame and replacing it with the implementation model and increasingly emphasising the societal concerns frame with social justifications of the CAP, the EC is trying to legitimise the CAP after 2021.
Quantitative sequencing clarifies the role of disruptor taxa, oral microbiota, and strict anaerobes in the human small-intestine microbiome
Authors: Barlow Jacob T. , Leite Gabriela , Romano Anna E. , Sedighi Rashin , Chang Christine , Celly Shreya , Rezaie Ali , Mathur Ruchi , Pimentel Mark , Ismagilov Rustem F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and abdominal pain afflict between 12 and 30% of the worldwide population and research suggests these conditions are linked to the gut microbiome. Although large-intestine microbiota have been linked to several GI diseases, the microbiota of the human small intestine and its relation to human disease has been understudied. The small intestine is the major site for immune surveillance in the gut, and compared with the large intestine, it has greater than 100 times the surface area and a thinner and more permeable mucus layer.

Results
Using quantitative sequencing, we evaluated total and taxon-specific absolute microbial loads from 250 duodenal-aspirate samples and 21 paired duodenum-saliva samples from participants in the REIMAGINE study. Log-transformed total microbial loads spanned 5 logs and were normally distributed. Paired saliva-duodenum samples suggested potential transmission of oral microbes to the duodenum, including organisms from the HACEK group. Several taxa, including Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Clostridium, seemed to displace strict anaerobes common in the duodenum, so we refer to these taxa as disruptors. Disruptor taxa were enriched in samples with high total microbial loads and in individuals with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Absolute loads of disruptors were associated with more severe GI symptoms, highlighting the value of absolute taxon quantification when studying small-intestine health and function.

Conclusion
This study provides the largest dataset of the absolute abundance of microbiota from the human duodenum to date. The results reveal a clear relationship between the oral microbiota and the duodenal microbiota and suggest an association between the absolute abundance of disruptor taxa, SIBO, and the prevalence of severe GI symptoms.
M﻿etagenomic insights into the microbial communities of inert and oligotrophic outdoor pier surfaces of a coastal city
Authors: Tong Xinzhao , Leung Marcus H. Y. , Shen Zhiyong , Lee Justin Y. Y. , Mason Christopher E. , Lee Patrick K. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies of the microbiomes on surfaces in built environment have largely focused on indoor spaces, while outdoor spaces have received far less attention. Piers are engineered infrastructures commonly found in coastal areas, and due to their unique locations at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, pier surfaces are likely to harbor interesting microbiology. In this study, the microbiomes on the metal and concrete surfaces at nine piers located along the coastline of Hong Kong were investigated by metagenomic sequencing. The roles played by different physical attributes and environmental factors in shaping the taxonomic composition and functional traits of the pier surface microbiomes were determined. Metagenome-assembled genomes were reconstructed and their putative biosynthetic gene clusters were characterized in detail.

Results
Surface material was found to be the strongest factor in structuring the taxonomic and functional compositions of the pier surface microbiomes. Corrosion-related bacteria were significantly enriched on metal surfaces, consistent with the pitting corrosion observed. The differential enrichment of taxa mediating biodegradation suggests differences between the metal and concrete surfaces in terms of specific xenobiotics being potentially degraded. Genome-centric analysis detected the presence of many novel species, with the majority of them belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. Genomic characterization showed that the potential metabolic functions and secondary biosynthetic capacity were largely correlated with taxonomy, rather than surface attributes and geography.

Conclusions
Pier surfaces are a rich reservoir of abundant novel bacterial species. Members of the surface microbial communities use different mechanisms to counter the stresses under oligotrophic conditions. A better understanding of the outdoor surface microbiomes located in different environments should enhance the ability to maintain outdoor surfaces of infrastructures.
Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) for severe and extreme anorexia nervosa in an outpatient eating disorder unit at a public hospital: a quality-assessment study
Authors: Frostad Stein , Calugi Simona , Engen Caroline B. N. , Dalle Grave Riccardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this quality-assessment study was to determine the outcome of patients with severe and extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) in a real-world outpatient setting.

Methods
Twenty-one adults with AN and a body mass index (BMI) of < 16 were recruited from consecutive referrals to an outpatient clinic at a public hospital in Western Norway. All enrolled patients were provided with enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) to treat their AN, commencing between January 2013 and December 2016. Their BMI was recorded at baseline, at the end of CBT-E and 1 year after the end of treatment.

Results
Ten patients completed the CBT-E treatment and achieved a large weight gain with the change remaining stable at follow-up. Eleven patients did not complete the treatment but had a significant increase in BMI at the premature end of treatment. One year after end of therapy 14/21 (66.7%) of the patients had BMI above 18.5 kg/m2. No severe complications were observed during therapy.

Conclusions
Although 52.4% of the patients did not complete outpatient CBT-E, the findings of this quality-assessment study support previous findings indicating that CBT-E may represent a valid alternative to inpatient treatment in patients with severe and extreme AN.
Language proficiency analysis of Turkish children from high-income and highly educated families aged 5 in Antalya
Authors: Pınar Yunus , Ünal Fatma , Pınar Nihal Kubilay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine the mother tongue proficiency of pre-school children from high-income and highly educated families in Antalya, Turkey. The study used the Turkish version of the Hamburger Instrument for the Analysis of the Language Level of 5-year olds (HAVAS 5) linguistic-level diagnostic tool that is originally employed to form the basis of individually customized language support programs. The study group of this research was made up of 41 pre-school children (n= 41; 29 boys, 12 girls). Furthermore, a semi-structured interview (SSI) form was developed by the authors and finally conducted with 3 mothers and their husbands (n=6). Our study results show that the majority of the children (33/41) from high-income and highly educated families showed an advanced level of language proficiency especially in the realm of vocabulary acquisition. In particular, the children were observed to be self-confident when using their mother tongue and that they did not hesitate to take initiatives during the HAVAS 5 storytellings. Our qualitative results suggest also that a small group of children who are either introverts or having lower level language proficiency may have a specific trait, condition or characteristic. Based on the data from interviews, emotional atmosphere of the family, parenting styles, speech sound disorder (SSD) or excessive screen-based media use might reasonably be suspected of having some influence on mother tongue proficiency.
Assessing Iranian EFL teachers’ educational performance based on gender and years of teaching experience
Authors: Mashhadlou Haleh , Izadpanah Siros 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the assessment of Iranian English teachers’ performance. Besides, it was aimed to examine and compare the performance of teachers based on their gender differences and teaching experience. To the first aim, the Delphi technique was used to develop a questionnaire and the reliability of the Delphi questionnaire based on Cronbach’s alpha was .982. In the first round, 25 experts including university lecturers and experienced instructors in the field of English teaching were asked to answer open-ended questions regarding important issues in the evaluation of an English teacher. Then, the related themes emerged. Using emerged themes, a questionnaire including 100 questions was designed and measured on a linear scale (1 = not important to 5 = absolutely essential). After calculating the frequency of each item, the results were resent to the panel to rate the questions. In the last phase, three criteria including 1—the mean 4 and more, 2—standard deviation less than 1, 3—less than 10% of the participants do not answer to the item were considered to decide on the final questions and components of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed using Google forms. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were filled correctly and analyzed using SPSS 22. Then, the validity of questionnaire was checked. Overall, it was seen that there was not any significant difference between teachers’ performance based on gender difference and teaching experience. The findings of the present study might have some implications for researchers, instructors, language teachers, school administrators, and the ministry of education.