bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor to stratify patients for medication review in the emergency department
Authors: Bengaard Anne Kathrine , Iversen Esben , Kallemose Thomas , Juul‐Larsen Helle Gybel , Rasmussen Line Jee Hartmann , Dalhoff Kim Peder , Andersen Ove , Eugen‐Olsen Jesper , Houlind Morten Baltzer 
Published: July 2021

AimsTo investigate whether the association between levels of medication use (including polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications [PIMs]) and health outcomes such as readmission and mortality is dependent on baseline soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR).MethodsThis registry‐based cohort study included medical patients admitted to the emergency department at Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark. Patients were grouped according to their admission suPAR levels: low (0–3 ng/mL), intermediate (3–6 ng/mL), or high (>6 ng/mL). Hyper‐polypharmacy was defined as ≥10 prescribed medications. PIMs were identified based on the EU(7)‐PIM list, and data on admissions and mortality were obtained from national registries. Risk of 90‐day readmission and mortality was assessed by Cox regression analysis adjusted for sex, age and Charlson comorbidity index. Results were reported as hazard ratios within 90 days of index discharge.ResultsIn total, 26 291 patients (median age 57.3 y; 52.7% female) were included. Risk of 90‐day readmission and mortality increased significantly for patients with higher suPAR or higher number of medications. Among patients with low suPAR, patients with ≥10 prescribed medications had a hazard ratio of 2.41 (95% confidence interval = 2.09–2.78) for 90‐day readmission and 8.46 (95% confidence interval = 2.53–28.28) for 90‐day mortality compared to patients with 0 medications. Patients with high suPAR generally had high risk of readmission and mortality, and the impact of medication use was less pronounced in this group. Similar, but weaker, association patterns were observed between suPAR and PIMs.ConclusionThe association between levels of medication use and health outcomes is dependent on baseline suPAR.
Safety and survival of docetaxel and cabazitaxel in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Kreis Kristine , Horenkamp‐Sonntag Dirk , Schneider Udo , Zeidler Jan , Glaeske Gerd , Weissbach Lothar 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate real‐world haematological toxicity, overall survival (OS) and the treatment characteristics of docetaxel and cabazitaxel chemotherapy in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).Patients and MethodsThis retrospective claims data study followed patients with mCRPC receiving cabazitaxel or docetaxel from their first chemotherapy infusion. Haematological toxicities were measured using treatment codes and inpatient diagnoses. OS was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify OS predictors.ResultsData from 539 patients administered docetaxel and 240 administered cabazitaxel were analysed. Regarding adverse events, within 8 months of treatment initiation, some kind of treatment for haematological toxicity was documented in 31% of patients given docetaxel and in 61% of patients given cabazitaxel. In the same period, hospitalization associated with haematological toxicity was documented in 11% of the patients in the docetaxel cohort and in 15% of the patients in the cabazitaxel cohort. In the docetaxel cohort, 9.9% of patients required reverse isolation and 13% were diagnosed with sepsis during hospitalization. In the cabazitaxel cohort, the cumulative incidence was 7.9% and 15%, respectively. The median OS was reached at 21.9 months in the docetaxel cohort and, because of a later line of therapy, at 11.3 months in the cabazitaxel cohort. A multivariate Cox regression revealed that indicators of locally advanced and metastatic disease, severe comorbidities, and prior hormonal/cytotoxic therapies were independent predictors of early death.ConclusionCabazitaxel patients face an increased risk of haematological toxicities during treatment. Together with their short survival time, this calls for a strict indication when using cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC.
Are healthcare providers and young people talking about sexuality? A scoping review to characterize conversations and identify barriers
Authors: Lung Stephanie Lock Man , Wincentak Joanne , Gan Caron , Kingsnorth Shauna , Provvidenza Christine , McPherson Amy C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundConversations about sexuality with healthcare providers (HCPs) are critical to youth's positive development, including youth with disabilities or chronic conditions. Yet, little is known about the characteristics of sexuality conversations with youth in healthcare settings. This scoping review examined the nature and extent of sexuality conversations between HCPs and youth (with and without a disability or chronic condition) and aimed to identify barriers to these conversations.MethodsScoping review methodology using rapid review principles was employed. Inclusion criteria: studies published between 2009 and 2019; examined conversations between HCPs and youth aged 21 and below; addressed sexuality; and took place in a healthcare setting. Study characteristics were described and clustered into thematic groups.ResultsOf the 5543 identified, 32 articles were included. Articles addressed (i) the content of sexuality conversations, (ii) prevalence of sexuality conversations and (iii) barriers to discussing sexuality. The content of sexuality discussions was largely biologically focused. The prevalence of sexuality discussions varied, with some discrepancy between youth‐reported and HCP‐reported rates. Seven barriers (three personal and four systemic) were identified. Youth with disabilities or chronic conditions were vastly under‐represented in the published literature.ConclusionsThis study highlighted that sexuality is an underexplored topic between HCPs and young people, especially young people with disabilities and/or chronic conditions. Given the importance of sexuality to young people's mental and physical health, research addressing barriers to these discussions and development of evidence‐informed resources to support HCPs and youth to engage in conversations about sexuality should be a priority.
A standard of care for individuals with PIK3CA‐related disorders: An international expert consensus statement
Authors: Douzgou Sofia , Rawson Myfanwy , Baselga Eulalia , Danielpour Moise , Faivre Laurence , Kashanian Alon , Keppler‐Noreuil Kim M. , Kuentz Paul , Mancini Grazia M. S. , Maniere Marie‐Cecile , Martinez‐Glez Victor , Parker Victoria E. , Semple Robert K. , Srivastava Siddharth , Vabres Pierre , De Wit Marie‐Claire Y. , Graham John M. , Clayton‐Smith Jill , Mirzaa Ghayda M. , Biesecker Leslie G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrowth promoting variants in PIK3CA cause a spectrum of developmental disorders, depending on the developmental timing of the mutation and tissues involved. These phenotypically heterogeneous entities have been grouped as PIK3CA‐Related Overgrowth Spectrum disorders (PROS). Deep sequencing technologies have facilitated detection of low‐level mosaic, often necessitating testing of tissues other than blood. Since clinical management practices vary considerably among healthcare professionals and services across different countries, a consensus on management guidelines is needed. Clinical heterogeneity within this spectrum leads to challenges in establishing management recommendations, which must be based on patient‐specific considerations. Moreover, as most of these conditions are rare, affected families may lack access to the medical expertise that is needed to help address the multi‐system and often complex medical issues seen with PROS. In March 2019, macrocephaly‐capillary malformation (M‐CM) patient organizations hosted an expert meeting in Manchester, United Kingdom, to help address these challenges with regards to M‐CM syndrome. We have expanded the scope of this project to cover PROS and developed this consensus statement on the preferred approach for managing affected individuals based on our current knowledge.
The song, not the singer: Infants prefer to listen to familiar songs, regardless of singer identity
Authors: Kragness Haley E. , Johnson Elizabeth K. , Cirelli Laura K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParent's infant‐directed vocalizations are highly dynamic and emotive compared to their adult‐directed counterparts, and correspondingly, more effectively capture infants’ attention. Infant‐directed singing is a specific type of vocalization that is common throughout the world. Parents tend to sing a small handful of songs in a stereotyped way, and a number of recent studies have highlighted the significance of familiar songs in young children's social behaviors and evaluations. To date, no studies have examined whether infants’ responses to familiar versus unfamiliar songs are modulated by singer identity (i.e., whether the singer is their own parent). In the present study, we investigated 9‐ to 12‐month‐old infants’ (N = 29) behavioral and electrodermal responses to relatively familiar and unfamiliar songs sung by either their own mother or another infant's mother. Familiar songs recruited more attention and rhythmic movement, and lower electrodermal levels relative to unfamiliar songs. Moreover, these responses were robust regardless of whether the singer was their mother or a stranger, even when the stranger's rendition differed greatly from their mothers’ in mean fundamental frequency and tempo. Results indicate that infants’ interest in familiar songs is not limited to idiosyncratic characteristics of their parents’ song renditions, and points to the potential for song as an effective early signifier of group membership.
What causes the word gap? Financial concerns may systematically suppress child‐directed speech
Authors: Ellwood‐Lowe Monica E. , Foushee Ruthe , Srinivasan Mahesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParents with fewer educational and economic resources (low socioeconomic‐status, SES) tend to speak less to their children, with consequences for children's later life outcomes. Despite this well‐established and highly popularized link, less research addresses why the SES “word gap” exists. Moreover, while research has assessed individual‐level contributors to the word gap—like differences in parenting knowledge—we know little about how structural constraints that vary according to SES might affect caregivers’ speech. In two pre‐registered studies, we test whether experiencing financial scarcity can suppress caregivers’ speech to their children. Study 1 suggests that higher‐SES caregivers who are prompted to reflect on scarcity—particularly those who reflect on financial scarcity—speak less to their 3‐year‐olds in a subsequent play session, relative to a control group. Study 2 suggests that mid‐ to higher‐SES caregivers engage in fewer back‐and‐forth exchanges with their children at the end of the month—when they are more likely to be experiencing financial hardship—than the rest of the month. These studies provide preliminary evidence that—above and beyond caregivers’ individual characteristics—structural constraints may affect how much parents speak to their children.
The Monty Hall problem as a multifaceted experiential learning exercise in quantitative business courses
Authors: Côté Murray J. , Smith Marlene A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPopular game shows offer educators the opportunity to develop active‐learning exercises that provide students with a real‐world connection to analytical reasoning and methods. We describe a classroom assignment developed for quantitative business courses based on the Monty Hall Problem (MHP), a probability puzzle with ties to the long‐running television game showLet's Make a Deal. Through a holistic view of the MHP, we provide instructors with various avenues to use the MHP as a comprehensive experiential learning exercise with multiple opportunities for individual and class discussions and exercises. Instructors adopting our multifaceted approach to the MHP will expose students to myriad analytical tools including probability, decision trees, and Monte Carlo simulation as well as to cognitive biases that can affect the decision‐making process. Among the unique contributions of our work is its focus on the commonly held MHP assumptions. Specifically, we challenge students to articulate conditions inherent to the MHP solution and assess their appropriateness in context. By relaxing one or more of those assumptions, and observing differences in solutions, students become attuned to the importance of knowing and assessing conditions that underlie all quantitative decision‐making tools.
Species loss due to nutrient addition increases with spatial scale in global grasslands
Authors: Seabloom Eric W. , Batzer Evan , Chase Jonathan M. , Stanley Harpole W. , Adler Peter B. , Bagchi Sumanta , Bakker Jonathan D. , Barrio Isabel C. , Biederman Lori , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Bugalho Miguel N. , Caldeira Maria C. , Catford Jane A. , Daleo Pedro , Eisenhauer Nico , Eskelinen Anu , Haider Sylvia , Hallett Lauren M. , Svala Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg , Kimmel Kaitlin , Kuhlman Marirose , MacDougall Andrew , Molina Cecilia D. , Moore Joslin L. , Morgan John W. , Muthukrishnan Ranjan , Ohlert Timothy , Risch Anita C. , Roscher Christiane , Schütz Martin , Sonnier Grégory , Tognetti Pedro M. , Virtanen Risto , Wilfahrt Peter A. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effects of altered nutrient supplies and herbivore density on species diversity vary with spatial scale, because coexistence mechanisms are scale dependent. This scale dependence may alter the shape of the species–area relationship (SAR), which can be described by changes in species richness (S) as a power function of the sample area (A):S = cAz, wherecandzare constants. We analysed the effects of experimental manipulations of nutrient supply and herbivore density on species richness across a range of scales (0.01–75 m2) at 30 grasslands in 10 countries. We found that nutrient addition reduced the number of species that could co‐occur locally, indicated by the SAR intercepts (logc), but did not affect the SAR slopes (z). As a result, proportional species loss due to nutrient enrichment was largely unchanged across sampling scales, whereas total species loss increased over threefold across our range of sampling scales.
Becoming Role Models: Pedagogies of Soft Skills and Affordances of Person‐Making in Contemporary China
Authors: Hizi Gil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article looks at the market‐driven globalization of pedagogies of interpersonal “soft” skills by depicting these practices’ microdynamics and phenomenological attributes. My case study is located in urban China, where expertise and practices of soft skills have recently become accessible to people of different social backgrounds. Drawing on participant observations in relevant workshops in a second‐tier city, I describe interactive dynamics where participants express themselves in new ways and, in turn, envision possibilities for changing their personalities and social standing. This process characterizes a globally expansive apparatus, which in China takes the particular form of role‐modeling interactions where participants transition from learners to “exemplars.” “Self‐improvement” through these pedagogies tends to emerge as moments of perceived affordances for self‐transformation, activated through the synergy of seemingly accessible bodily capacities and the configuration of valuable “skills.”
Marital Satisfaction and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Couples With Young Children: Dyadic Autoregressive Cross‐Lagged Modeling
Authors: Choi Eunsil , Jung Sun Young 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional associations between marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms among Korean couples with young children.BackgroundThe associations between marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms have been known as reciprocal in actor effects. However, little research has examined partner effects, gender differences, and the directionality between them, particularly in collectivistic cultures.MethodWe investigated actor (i.e., the associations between marital satisfaction and one's own depressive symptoms) and partner (i.e., the associations between marital satisfaction and partner's depressive symptoms) effects, gender differences, and the directionality between marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms using a dyadic autoregressive cross‐lagged model. The participants were 1,264 couples in the Panel Study of Korean Children. The couples reported on marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms at three time points over a 4‐year period.ResultsThe results showed bidirectional associations in both actor and partner effects. In addition, a series of nested models found no gender differences in actor and partner effects and further revealed that the bidirectional associations were the same in both actor and partner effects.ConclusionThese findings enhance understanding of the reciprocal associations between marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms both within‐person and across partners for Korean couples in a collectivistic culture.ImplicationsThe findings provide evidence that couples therapy and/or dyadic treatment programs are needed for both spouses who experience depressive symptoms and marital problems. Brief screening of depressive symptoms and marital problems may be helpful to prevent a vicious cycle.
Precipitation manipulation and terrestrial carbon cycling: The roles of treatment magnitude, experimental duration and local climate
Authors: Wang Jinsong , Tian Dashuan , Knapp Alan K. , Chen Han Y. H. , Luo Yiqi , Li Zhaolei , Hou Enqing , Huang Xinzhao , Jiang Lifen , Niu Shuli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimPrecipitation manipulation experiments have shown diverse terrestrial carbon (C) cycling responses when the ecosystem is subjected to different magnitudes of altered precipitation, various experimental durations or heterogeneity in local climate. However, how these factors combine to affect C cycle responses to changes in precipitation remains unclear.LocationGlobal.Time period1990–2019.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial ecosystems.MethodsUsing observations from 230 published studies in which precipitation was manipulated and terrestrial C cycling variables were measured, we conducted a global meta‐analysis to investigate responses of diverse C cycle processes to altered precipitation, including gross ecosystem productivity, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity, ecosystem carbon use efficiency, net primary productivity (NPP), aboveground and belowground NPP, aboveground and belowground biomass, shoot‐to‐root ratio, soil respiration and soil microbial biomass C.ResultsWe found that C cycling responses were correlated linearly and positively with the magnitude of precipitation treatments. We also detected that the responses of NPP and its aboveground component (ANPP) to altered precipitation weakened with experimental duration. Furthermore, gross ecosystem productivity, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem productivity showed larger responses to precipitation treatments of greater magnitude over shorter time periods. The response of soil respiration, a key component of the C budget in most terrestrial ecosystems, depended in particular on the local climate. Local temperature and precipitation not only influenced the magnitude of the response of soil respiration to altered precipitation but also affected its sensitivity to the magnitude of the precipitation treatments, with higher sensitivities in the response of soil respiration to treatment magnitude at drier and colder sites.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of the interactions between the magnitude of precipitation treatments, their duration and the local climate in the response of ecosystem C cycling to altered precipitation, which is crucial to a better understanding of ecosystem C processes and functioning and projecting them under changing precipitation regimes.
Influence of Cu‐coated diamond addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC‐based cemented carbides
Authors: Ren Xiaoyong , She Dingshun , Wang Chengbiao , Peng Zhijian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCu‐coated diamond enhanced tungsten carbide powder (WC)‐Ni cemented carbides were successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering method. Characterization of the phase composition and microstructure reveal that the diamond particles are well preserved and homogeneously distributed in the composites. Relative density of the samples improved from 92% to 97.6% with 2 wt% Cu‐coated diamond addition. Vickers hardness and flexural strength of the samples achieved the maximum value of 2000 HV10 and 950 MPa with 8 and 2 wt% addition, respectively. The fracture toughness improved from 8 to 11 MPa m1/2 with the added content of diamond increasing from 0 to 4 wt%. The wear rate of the sample is reduced by five times with 6–8 wt% Cu‐coated diamond addition. The wear mechanism mainly includes the removal of binder phase, the crushing of WC grains, and the crushing and pulling out of diamond particles.
Effect of furcellaran incorporation on gel properties of sardine surimi
Authors: Petcharat Tanyamon , Chaijan Manat , Karnjanapratum Supatra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEffects of furcellaran, powder (FURP) and solution (FURS), incorporation (2‐8% based on surimi solid content) on gel properties of sardine (Sardinella albella) surimi were investigated. Breaking force, hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and whiteness of gels increased with increasing FURP or FURS contents (P < 0.05), where the highest values were observed in gel containing 8% FURS (P < 0.05). Expressible moisture content of gel decreased as levels of furcellaran increased (P < 0.05). The gel deformation, springiness, and cohesiveness were not affected by furcellaran (P > 0.05) as well as the polymerization of myosin heavy chain as visualised by SDS‐PAGE. FURP and FURS could enhance the interconnection between chains during heating as indicated by the higher G′. Addition of furcellaran, especially FURS, up to 6% increased sensory property of resulting gel (P < 0.05). Anywise, an abatement in overall likeness score was found in gel with 8% FURS. Finer and denser microstructural network was observed in gel containing 6% FURS when compared to control. Therefore, furcellaran, prepared as solution, at an appropriate level can improve the overall quality of sardine surimi.
Influences of ultrasonic treatment on structure and functional properties of salt‐soluble protein from Moringa oleifera seeds
Authors: Du Qiu‐Han , Wu Yan‐Hui , Tang Shi‐Qi , Ren Min‐Hong , Fu Zhen 
Published: July 2021

SummaryInfluences of ultrasonic treatment on structure and functional properties of salt‐soluble protein from Moringa oleifera seeds (MOSSP) were explored. The results indicated that the ultrasonic treatment destroyed spherical structure of MOSSP and transformed the spherical structure into irregular fragments. The content of β‐turn, α‐helix and random coils in MOSSP significantly increased, but with extending the ultrasound time, the content of β‐turn, α‐helix and random coils had no significant change. SDS‐PAGE results showed that sonication could stabilise the primary structure of MOSSP. The surface hydrophobicity and emulsification were significantly reduced, but sonication could improve the solubility and foaming properties of MOSSP within a certain range.