bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A normative power or fortress Europe? Normative policy coherence between the European Unionʼs development, migration, and foreign policies
Authors: Siitonen Lauri 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMotivationThe article aims to bring together research on policy coherence for development (PCD) with normative theorizing and normative analysis.PurposeThe article presents a case study of normative coherence for development between the three policy areas of the European Union (EU): development, migration, and foreign policy. It shows that normative analysis can be fruitfully applied to answer the question of how coherently normative arguments are used over time and between different policy areas.Methods and approachThe article offers a comparative study of policy coherence between the three EU policies. Methodologically, it compares the normative logics used in the relevant EU policy documents.FindingsThe study finds that coherence between the three EU policies has increased since the European “migration crisis” in 2015–2016, but not necessarily sustainably: development policy has become an instrument of migration policy, and both are increasingly coherent with foreign and security policies. Along with these policy changes, the normative logics of argumentation for each policy area have become more uniform, both over time and between the policies. Furthermore, the normative principle of PCD has been replaced with a technical understanding of coherence.Policy implicationsThe findings support the hypothesis that for rules‐based (regional) co‐operation, such as the EU, it matters how the policies are argued. As a focal actor on the global development and migration agendas, EU policies have implications far beyond its borders.
Irisin injection mimics exercise effects on the brain proteome
Authors: Dehghan Fariba , Zamani Saeed , Barreiro Carlos , Jami Mohammad‐Saeid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhysical inactivity can endanger human health and increase the incidence of neurodegenerative disease. Exercise has tremendous beneficial effects on brain health and cognitive function, especially in older adults. It also improves brain‐related outcomes in depression, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Irisin is a mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise. This study aimed to assess the proteome alterations in adult male National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) mice brain tissue upon three different conditions including endurance exercise, resistance exercise and irisin injection. Quantification of irisin levels in blood was performed using irisin‐ELISA Kit. Quantification and identification of proteins via two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)/MS showed the alteration of at least 21 proteins due to different treatments. Cellular pathway analysis revealed common beneficial effects of sole irisin treatment and different exercise procedures suggesting the capability of irisin injection to substitute the exercise when physical activity is not possible.
Going round in circles—The Papez circuit in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Forno Gonzalo , Lladó Albert , Hornberger Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hippocampus is regarded as the pivotal structure for episodic memory symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, what is often overlooked is that the hippocampus is ‘only’ one part of a network of memory critical regions, the Papez circuit. Other Papez circuit regions are often regarded as less relevant for AD as they are thought to sit ‘downstream’ of the hippocampus. However, this notion is oversimplistic, and increasing evidence suggests that other Papez regions might be affected before or concurrently with the hippocampus. In addition, AD research has mostly focused on episodic memory deficits, whereas spatial navigation processes are also subserved by the Papez circuit with increasing evidence supporting its valuable potential as a diagnostic measure of incipient AD pathophysiology. In the current review, we take a step forward analysing recent evidence on the structural and functional integrity of the Papez circuit across AD disease stages. Specifically, we will review the integrity of specific Papez regions from at‐genetic‐risk (APOE4 carriers), to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to dementia stage of sporadic AD and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). We related those changes to episodic memory and spatial navigation/orientation deficits in AD. Finally, we provide an overview of how the Papez circuit is affected in AD diseases and their specific symptomology contributions. This overview strengthened the need for moving away from a hippocampal‐centric view to a network approach on how the whole Papez circuit is affected in AD and contributes to its symptomology, informing future research and clinical approaches.
Decision making in Parkinson's disease: An analysis of the studies using the Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Colautti Laura , Iannello Paola , Silveri Maria Caterina , Antonietti Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease (PD) impairments in decision making can occur, in particular because of the tendency toward risky and rewarding options. The Iowa Gambling Task has been widely used to investigate decision processes involving these options. The task assesses the ability to manage risk and to learn from feedback. The present paper aims at critically examining those studies in which this task has been administered to PD patients, in order to understand possible anomalies in patients' decision processes and which variables are responsible for that. A meta‐analysis has been conducted as well. Features of the task, sociodemographic and clinical aspects (including daily drugs intake), cognitive conditions and emotional disorders of the patients have been taken into account. Neural correlates of decision‐making competences were considered. It emerged that PD patients show a trend of preference toward risky choices, probably due to an impairment in anticipating the unrewarding consequences or to an insensitiveness to punishment. The possible role played by dopamine medications in decision making under uncertain conditions, affecting basal ganglia and structures involved in the limbic loop, was discussed. Attention has been focused on some aspects that need to be investigated in further research, in order to delve into this issue and promote patients' quality of life.
Decoupling of functional and structural language networks in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Trimmel Karin , Vos Sjoerd B. , Caciagli Lorenzo , Xiao Fenglai , van Graan Louis A. , Winston Gavin P. , Koepp Matthias J. , Thompson Pamela J. , Duncan John S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify functional and structural alterations in language networks of people with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), who frequently present with naming and word‐finding difficulties.MethodsFifty‐five patients with unilateral TLE (29 left) and 16 controls were studied with auditory and picture naming functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks. Activation maxima in the left posterobasal temporal lobe were used as seed regions for whole‐brain functional connectivity analyses (psychophysiological interaction). White matter language pathways were investigated using diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging metrics extracted along fiber bundles starting from fMRI‐guided seeds. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the correlation of functional connectivity with diffusion MRI metrics.ResultsIn the whole group of patients and controls, weaker functional connectivity from the left posterobasal temporal lobe (1) to the bilateral anterior temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, and lingual gyrus during auditory naming and (2) to the bilateral occipital cortex and right fusiform gyrus during picture naming was associated with decreased neurite orientation dispersion and higher free water fraction of white matter tracts. Compared to controls, TLE patients exhibited fewer structural connections and an impaired coupling of functional and structural metrics.SignificanceTLE is associated with an impairment and decoupling of functional and structural language networks. White matter damage, as evidenced by diffusion abnormalities, may contribute to impaired functional connectivity and language dysfunction in TLE.
Maternal perception of couple relationship before and after the birth of first and second child and twins
Authors: Smorti Martina , Ponti Lucia , Prino Laura Elvira , Rollè Luca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the changes in quality of couples' relationships from pregnancy to postpartum in pregnant Italian women who conceived spontaneously and to analyze the differences in transition to motherhood with respect to birth of (a) first child, (b) second child, and (c) twins.BackgroundThe transition to motherhood leads to several changes for parents and can significantly affect a couple's adaptation. The couple's adaptation to parenthood may depend on whether they are having a first child, a second child, or twins.MethodA total of 119 women (61 primiparous women with single pregnancy, 42 multiparous women with single pregnancy, and 16 primiparous women with twin pregnancy) completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale during the third trimester of pregnancy and 3 months after childbirth. To explore whether the three groups differed regarding the quality of the couple relationship during pregnancy, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted. Subsequently, a series of mixed 2 × 3 ANOVA with Time (pregnancy and postpartum) as the within factor and Group as the between factor for each dependent variable linked to the dimensions of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale was carried out to explore whether the quality of the couple relationship differed 3 months after childbirth.ResultsResults highlighted that, during pregnancy, mothers expecting one child (both primiparas and multiparas) reported a higher level of couple relationship quality than did women expecting twins. However, after childbirth, mothers of twins reported significant improvements on some qualitative aspects of their couple relationship (Affective Expression), whereas the other mothers reported some worsening in the perceived couple relationship 3 months after the birth of the child, especially regarding global score, Dyadic Cohesion, and Affective Expression.ConclusionIn conclusion, birth preparation courses must pay attention not only to parenting transition but also to promoting involvement of both partners in household duties. Anticipating a fair division of household chores can allow partners to prepare for childbirth and limit the stress of the couple.ImplicationsThe promotion of dyadic adjustment can reduce parenting stress and increase parents' well‐being.
Effects of artificial light at night on the leaf functional traits of freshwater plants
Authors: Segrestin Jules , Mondy Nathalie , Boisselet Christelle , Guigard Ludivine , Lengagne Thierry , Poussineau Sophie , Secondi Jean , Puijalon Sara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The increasing use of artificial light at night has led to ecosystem exposure to light pollution worldwide. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly exposed, since lit road networks, urban development and industrial infrastructure are frequently located along river, lake, and sea shores. Although the negative effects of night‐time lighting on the physiology, behaviour, and life‐history traits of animals have been largely documented, there is a large knowledge gap about the responses of plants, especially regarding leaf functioning and resource‐management strategies. Some authors have proposed contrasting hypotheses of mechanistic responses to dim light at night in plants, but empirical results are still lacking.

Based on field measurements of nocturnal irradiance in freshwater ecosystems located in peri‐urban areas, we performed a mesocosm experiment using three species of submerged aquatic plants. After 5 months of exposure to realistic dim light at night, four functional traits related to the resource management at the leaf level were measured.

Artificial light at night had significant effects on the leaf physiology or chemistry, affecting their resource acquisition rate, but with different response intensities depending on the species. No effect was found on morphological or biomechanical traits for any of the studied species.

These results support the hypothesis that plants could interpret dim light at night as a shaded environment and respond accordingly.

We demonstrated that the effects of light at night on plants may have been underestimated in previous work. By modifying biotic interactions (e.g., competition and herbivory), these responses can have profound effects on community structure and ecosystem functioning.
Accounting for dispersal using simulated data improves understanding of species abundance patterns
Authors: Feng Xiao , Qiao Huijie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimA long‐standing question in ecology and biogeography is how the population of a species is distributed across space. The highest abundance has been hypothesized to be in the geographical centre or the niche centre, although mixed patterns from empirical studies have triggered a recent debate. Here, we propose a conceptual framework based on environmental suitability and dispersal to interpret the mixed evidence.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedVirtual species.MethodsWe conducted a series of simulations to demonstrate how the abundance pattern would be affected by environmental suitability and dispersal ability. We simulated different combinations of environmental suitabilities and dispersal abilities in landscapes with varied heterogeneities. We also investigated how frequently the location of the niche centre overlapped with the geographical centre.ResultsWe demonstrated that the highest abundance could occur in the geographical centre, in the niche centre or somewhere in between the two centres, depending on the environmental set‐up and dispersal ability. We found that geographical and niche centres rarely overlapped, suggesting that a counteracting effect between the two factors, rather than reinforcement, is the norm in determining abundance patterns. Therefore, we would expect the highest abundance in the real world to occur between the two centres, in the niche centre, or in the geographical centre, in descending frequency.Main conclusionsOur proposed framework can be used to interpret the mixed patterns from empirical studies when testing the abundant‐centre and abundant niche‐centre hypotheses. Understanding the role of dispersal allows us to make predictions of the location with the highest abundance, as well as its location relative to the geographical centre and the niche centre. The varied locations of highest abundance mirror the mixed evidence in the literature, suggesting that the abundant‐centre and abundant niche‐centre hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. This highlights the importance of considering the underlying mechanisms for a better understanding of biogeographical patterns.
Critical climate justice
Authors: Sultana Farhana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change has had unequal and uneven burdens across places whereby the planetary crisis involves a common but differentiated responsibility. The injustices of intensifying climate breakdown have laid bare the fault lines of suffering across sites and scales. A climate justice framework helps us to think about and address these inequities. Climate justice fundamentally is about paying attention to how climate change impacts people differently, unevenly, and disproportionately, as well as redressing the resultant injustices in fair and equitable ways. Critical climate justice as a praxis of solidarity and collective action benefits from greater engagement with intersectional and international feminist scholarship. Incorporating insights from feminist climate justice bolsters solidarity praxis while enriching and reframing dominant climate change discussions for more impactful and accountable action.
Diagnostic accuracy of pocket‐sized ultrasound for aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients without heart failure: A prospective observational study
Authors: Yamanaka Harumitsu , Maita Hiroki , Kobayashi Tadashi , Akimoto Takashi , Osawa Hiroshi , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

AimTo investigate the diagnostic accuracy of pocket‐sized ultrasound (PsUS) for aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients without heart failure.MethodsThis prospective observational study included patients with aspiration pneumonia. PsUS was performed in six areas (bilateral chest, four dorsal areas) by an independent examiner, blinded to the computed tomography (CT) results as a reference standard. Patients with heart failure were excluded.ResultsPsUS findings of 34 patients (median age, 87.5 years) and 204 areas were analyzed. Three or more B‐lines (comet tail artifacts) were strongly suggestive (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] 17.302) of consolidation on CT (CT‐consolidation, subpleural hypoechoic area with tissue‐like echostructure) or pleural change on CT. Consolidation on US (US‐consolidation) was suggestive of CT‐consolidation or pleural changes on CT (LR+ 6.453). Pleural effusion on US was strongly suggestive (LR+ 10.989) of CT‐consolidation or pleural change on CT. Absence of either three or more B‐lines, US‐consolidation, or US pleural effusion could not rule out CT‐consolidation or pleural change on CT (negative likelihood ratio [LR−] 0.482‐0.683). However, absence of all three findings could rule out abnormal CT findings (LR− 0.230). Chest radiograph findings proved difficult to confirm or exclude CT‐consolidation or pleural changes on CT (LR+ 1.584, LR− 0.489); when combined with PsUS findings, LR− improved to 0.124.ConclusionsThree or more B‐lines or US‐consolidation on PsUS in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia without heart failure suggested CT‐consolidation or pleural changes on CT. When both PsUS and chest radiograph findings were negative, CT‐consolidation and pleural change could be excluded. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1118–1124.
Influence of human land use and invasive species on beta diversity of tropical ant assemblages
Authors: Baidya Pronoy , Bagchi Sumanta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Understanding how biodiversity is distributed is increasingly becoming important under ongoing and projected human land use. Measures of beta diversity, and its partitions, can offer insights for conservation and restoration of biodiversity.
We ask how different species, functional groups, and land use contribute to beta diversity, and whether invasive species have a negative influence on beta diversity. We address these questions using ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at 277 sites distributed across five geomorphic land use types in Goa, India.
We recorded 68 species (35 genera, 7 subfamilies) of which 5 were invasive. We classified them into eight functional groups. Oecophylla smaragdina—a common tropical arboreal species, and Anoplolepis gracilepis—a globally significant invasive, contributed the most to beta diversity. Large‐bodied omnivores which may influence soil functions contributed more to beta diversity than small‐bodied predators. Lateritic plateaus contributed most to beta diversity, whereas human‐influenced plantations contributed the least. Beta diversity across sites was related to species turnover, whereas nestedness was more prominent for functional groups. This indicates how species replace one another with change in land use, but functional roles are lost despite such turnover. Sites with human land use had higher incidence of invasive species, and invaded sites contributed less to beta diversity than non‐invaded sites.
Human land use strongly influences diversity and distribution of ant assemblages. Land use may spare local species richness, but not functional groups. A small number of invasive species exert negative influence even in very speciose communities.
Wear assessment of Cr2O3‐/TiAlN‐coated DAC‐10 tool steel against steel and Al2O3 counterbodies
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Maity Saikat Ranjan , Patnaik Lokeswar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTiAlN film was deposited on Cr2O3‐coated plasma‐nitrided DAC‐10 tool steel to obtained multilayer Cr2O3/TiAlN coating layer using cathodic arc deposition technique. The structural make‐up of the coating was characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray diffraction methods, and the mechanical properties were evaluated using nanoindentation and nanoscratch test. The structural phases of the coating indicated the presence of crystalline CrO structure and cubic TiAlN phases. The coating showcased improved hardness (38 GPa), elastic modulus (387 GPa), and adhesion along with appreciable H/E (0.09) and H3/E2 (0.366 GPa) attributes. Further, friction‐induced wear behavior of the coating was investigated against steel and Al2O3 counterbodies under dry sliding conditions. The wear behavior of the coating was greatly influenced by its hardness and deformation properties and frictional behavior of the counterbodies. More spikes and fluctuation were observed in the frictional curve against Al2O3 counterbody attributed to the emanation of TiO2, Cr2O3, and Al2O3 compounds due to dry sliding leading to the formation of flakes and delamination induced debris. Against the steel counterbody, the coating mainly formed a typical smooth glossy surface ascribed to the formation of Fe2O3 compound on the worn surface.
A qualitative study of young childhood cancer survivors and their parents’ experiences with treatment‐related late effects in everyday life post‐treatment
Authors: Petersen Natasha Nybro , Hansson Helena , Lie Hanne C. , Brinkkjær Maria , Graungaard Benjamin , Hamilton Larsen Marie , Hamilton Larsen Elna , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Fridh Martin Kaj , Bækgaard Larsen Hanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this secondary analysis was to explore how young cancer survivors and their parents experience and manage treatment‐related late effects in daily life post‐treatment.DesignA phenomenological‐hermeneutic explorative study.MethodsUsing purposive sampling, we included 15 childhood cancer survivors (aged 11–18 years) and their parents who participated in semi‐structured interviews from September 2019 through May 2020. We analysed the interviews paired using a thematic approach focused on meaning.ResultsThe central theme, ‘Negotiation daily life’, emerged as well as three interrelated sub‐themes, that is ‘A changed everyday life’, ‘Physical activity as a tool’ and ‘Friends as a tool’. The childhood cancer survivors and their parents experienced, understood and interpreted the late effects differently. The difference between the survivors’ perceptions and those of their parents in managing treatment‐related late effects in everyday life resulted in a continuous negotiation process between the parties. Parents highlighted the negative impact of late effects on their child's daily life in relation to physical activity, school and socialization while the survivors wished to leave the cancer experience behind and ‘move on’ with their friends. As a result, most of the survivors developed strategies to manage their social activities while their parents felt that the survivors neglected the late effects.ConclusionThe ongoing negotiation process between the childhood cancer survivors and their parents show the complexity of the new family dynamics on returning to everyday life post‐treatment. For clinical nurses, that means that there should be focus on family dynamics and how the childhood cancer survivors and parents, respectively, manage the childhood cancer survivors’ late effects.ImpactHealthcare providers should distinguish between the needs of the survivors and those of their parents as they transition from treatment to everyday life, and especially in the management of late effects caused by the treatment.