bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction Beyond War: Assessing Time and Cost of Prefabrication in Rebuilding Post-Disaster Cities
Authors: Saeed Zaid O. , Almukhtar Avar , Salih Kawar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The urgent need for housing in challenging contexts such as Middle East and developing countries contradicts with the long time required to provide adequate responses, especially in the case of severely affected cities by war and mass destruction. The city of Mosul in Iraq is a case where there is an urgent need for reconstruction, especially in the housing sector. Advanced technologies in construction present opportunities in facing post-war reconstruction challenges. Prefabrication has been used for housing delivery around the world due to its efficiency in terms of time and cost as construction time-frame and costs form the core challenges of a successful and functional approach for reconstruction in post-war cities. This paper is part of a comprehensive research that investigates the potential of adopting prefabrication in housing delivery through a BIM-based inspection. This paper inspects a developed housing prototype to examine the cost and time feasibility of the design approach and application of prefabrication. The main findings include identifying the significance of prefabrication in presenting cost-efficient and time-effective construction approach for the restoration of the damaged housing sector in the city of Mosul.
Application of stakeholder theory in procedures for maintenance work for government buildings in Iraq
Authors: Breesam Hatem Khaleefah , Kadhim Jawad Zahraa Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The renewable nature of projects, especially maintenance projects, requires effective methodologies that are appropriate to the work environment. The stakeholders greatly influence the maintenance projects of government buildings, as they play a large role in the success of these projects. This study aims to find out the applicability of stakeholder theory in the procedures of maintenance work for government buildings in Iraq. A questionnaire was conducted for specialists in the field of building maintenance. Analysis of the questionnaire, which was answered by (75) engineer, revealed that the most influential factors in using the theory of stakeholders In maintenance work procedures are: the competencies of the project manager, ensuring effective communication between the project and the stakeholders, determining the common goals and objectives of the project, trust And mutual respect among stakeholders, assessing the strength of stakeholders, formulating a strategy for dealing with stakeholders, obtaining support from higher authorities, participation of stakeholders in decision-making, proper and frequent communication with stakeholders. Also, the principles that affected the most, according to the questionnaire: the principle of governance, the principle of agency, the principle of entry and exit, the principle of external factors. Two case studies were taken, for maintenance projects for government buildings, to know the reality of the situation of the most important factors and principles, which were obtained from the questionnaire, and to obtain more accurate and realistic data. Through the study, it can be said that the theory of stakeholders can be applied in the procedures of maintenance work for government buildings in Iraq, through which it is possible to develop the reality of maintenance of government buildings.
Effect of metal powder Nickel, Iron and Aluminium on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Hassan Hazim Faleh , Ismael Muna Noori , Ismail Suroor Noori 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Epoxy composite hold fabricated products used in different applications such as housing, electrical equipment, automobiles and insulators due to low thermal and electrical conductivity. The effect of metal particles (Al, Ni, Fe) content on physical and mechanical properties of such fabricated samples are investigated. Different weight fraction of metal particles (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) wt. % with 10 wt. % SiC powder is blended by simple hand lay-up technique. According to the results of experiments, we discovered the increasing in the filler content leads to increase of the hardness and modulus elasticity are increasing too. At the same time, when filler in epoxy matrix increases, electric conductivity will increase and dielectric conductivity will decrease.
Travel Time Prediction Models for Major Arterial Road in Baghdad City using Manufactured GPS device
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab Ahmed , Kadem Ali Jabar , Alattar Estabraq Falah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Travel time on arterials can be rotten into two components, free flow travel time and delay. That’s where the difference between the observed travel time and travel time of free flow, the delay can be calculated. Which is one of the most important roadways Metrics for Traffic. Estimation of travel time and measurement of reliability are critical issues for improving the efficiency of traffic network operations and safety. The purpose of this review is to estimate overall travel time and to analyse the collected data and also to estimate the travel time through predicting model for total delay of signalized intersections. In addition, utilizing a more convenient method and tools to reflect and to achieve a more practical model of delay time for the selected urban arterial in Baghdad city. Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers have an ability to reliably measure intersection delay in terms of (deceleration delay, stopped delay, and acceleration delay). In addition to measuring the travel time for each link along the streets specified for this study (Al-Karada Kharidge street). 50 test runs were collected from GPS-equipped instrumented vehicle at off peak and peak hours of the day for each direction for selected street in this study. So, the required data collection period for two months was from December 2019 to February 2020 were identified to study the complete travel time variations and travel delay times for each link and each intersection along the identified arterial street. The field data were collected for the selected of Al-Karada Kharidge street the Baghdad University intersection to Mohamed al-Qasim intersection.
Numerical simulation to evaluate the effect of the stepped chute on abrasion erosion of a stilling basin type III
Authors: Hilo Ali N. , Ayoob Nadheer S. , Daek Yasir H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hundreds of concrete cubic meters may be ruined due to the abrasion erosion in several strategic hydraulic structures. Such unfavorable action can cause serious dangers, impose high maintenance costs, and reduce these structures’ life span. The high-velocity water flow, which carries large amounts of sediments, is the main cause of this phenomenon. This study was directed to evaluate the possibility of minimizing the abrasion action by changing the hydraulic structure design criteria; a numerical simulation was conducted depending on the FLOW3D program. It aimed to evaluate the effect of using a stepped spillway chute on the applied water pressure and the flow velocity along the type III stilling basin. The numerical simulation results showed that using a stepped chute instead of the traditional smooth chute provided a better water pressure distribution and reduced the maximum applied pressure by approximately 28.8 to 68.2%. Moreover, it also reduced the flow velocity along the stilling basin. Thus, the stepped chute use can be considered a possible solution to reduce abrasion erosion hazards in hydraulic structures.
Influence of Roadside Impedance on Speed and Capacity of Urban Streets
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab A. , Kamoona Walaa A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The elements of roadside friction have been defined as those activities that are taking place on the side of the road or even on the road, and which may affect on the uninterrupted traffic flowing. These elements are usually very common in highly populated regions in the developing countries, while they are random and low in the developed countries. In this research, the roadside friction elements were limited to on-street parking of vehicles first and the second side, vehicles stopping temporary and pedestrians crossing. Three links of arterial streets were chosen in the city of Baghdad; Palestine Street and Palestine Street, Zayouna region and 14-Ramadan Street, AL Mansoor. The data had extracted during two periods: the peak period and the non-peak period. The flow-density relationship was plotted and the values of the correlation coefficient (R2) were extracted for the two periods. A comparison was made between the empirical and extracted free-flow speed from the field. The percentage difference in FFS for Palestine Street was the maximum, as it reached 29.13%. The percentage reduction results in the capacity values display that Palestine Street, Zayouna Region has a maximum result which was 33.92%. While the minimum percentage 4.07% was for 14-Ramadan Street, AL-Mansoor region. This study spotlights through the results obtained the need to include side friction elements in traffic-related studies, especially for proper planning of urban roads.
Behaviour of moment resisting reinforced concrete frames subjected to column removal scenario
Authors: Matrood Methaq S. , Al-Rifaie Ali , Zinkaah Othman Hameed , Shubbar Ali A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Researchers awarded a considerable attention to progressive collapse analysis in recent years to avoid the partial or entire failure of structures. General Service Administration guidelines (GSA) established the base to deal with such catastrophic failure. For multi-story building, these guidelines proposed column removal scenario in which one or more columns in different locations should be removed from a structure. Then, the response of entire structure with the column omitted should sustain the loading applied ensuring no global failure occurred. In this paper, three-dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) frame is constructed and analyzed using the commercial program SAP2000. Non-linear static analysis is employed to obtain Demand Capacity Ratios (DCR) for beams and the displacement of joint connecting beams to column in the selected frame. The response of moment resisting RC frame under column removal scenario is presented and discussed in terms of strength and displacements in critical locations in RC frame to evaluate the strength of such frame against progressive collapse.
Development of the performance control algorithm of the blower motors of electric locomotives for various operating modes
Authors: Akhmetshin A R , Suslov K V , Astashkov N P , Olentsevich V A , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The widespread use of electric motors in various electric drive systems and the automatic regulation of their performance are largely determined by the reliability of these machines, the failures of which cause significant material damage and are caused by significant yard time at the depot repair positions. Improving their reliability is a major scientific and technological challenge. When electric locomotives operate on the East Siberian Railway, severe climatic conditions have a direct impact on the reliability of electrical equipment, so the development of an algorithm to control the performance of blower motors for various operating modes is an urgent task. The main parameters of the entire electric locomotive energy system, which largely determine the safety of trains and the amount of throughput capacity of the sections, are the reliability of cooling machines and the algorithm of their operation in different operating modes, taking into account weather and climatic conditions. The immediate accounting and analysis of the causes of the failure of asynchronous electric motors with a short-circuited rotor in the blower drive, the use of which is justified by the simplicity of the design, was the basis for the development of the algorithm proposed in this article. The electric locomotive cooling control algorithm is focused on eliminating or minimizing snow, dust insulation of traction electrical equipment in a given range of regulation. Elimination of the unauthorized shutdown of cooling machines by locomotive crews while the train runs in the slow-down mode, as well as the elimination of the start processes of asynchronous electric motors of the blower motor actuator, will improve the reliability of the entire electric locomotive in general.
Threaded lock conic connection of drill pipes and method to increase its carrying ability and resource of work
Authors: Zhovtikhanov D S , Korabelnikov M I , Aksenova N A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article presents the rationale and relevance of the use of an improved threaded keyhole conical connection of drill pipes for the oil and gas industry. The proposed threaded joint for drill pipes is characterized by an increased service life and a high rate of bearing capacity of the threaded joint in the conditions of drilling wells with complex spatial parameters, including when drilling sidetracks, horizontal and branched trunks of deep oil and gas wells.
Structure of the surface layer and the microhardness of high-carbon instrumental steel after laser treatment
Authors: Astafyeva N A , Kargapol’tsev S K , Gozbenko V E , Karlina Yu I , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of the study of the effect of laser treatment on the structure and microhardness of the surface of high-carbon steel samples. The treatment is carried out in order to obtain surface layers, parts with high properties for industries of various purposes. The samples from high-carbon steel U10 A after preliminary thermal treatment by modes of 780–800 °C heating for 2 minutes with cooling in 10 percent water solution of sodium chloride with tempering at 270–320 °C and cooled in the air and without the thermal treatment are treated with the Nd:YAG laser with the capacity up to 1 kW. Metallographic studies and microhardness properties illustrate the influence of laser surface processing on the increase in mechanical properties. It is shown that the laser thermal treatment of steel allows obtaining a surface microhardness of about HV 800-1000 MPa and depends on the original state of the metal and the previous thermal treatment.
Increase of the throughput and processing capacity of the railway line mountain pass section by strengthening the devices of the system of traction power supply
Authors: Astashkov N P , Olentsevich V A , Akhmetshin A R , Suslov K V , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
According to the forecast target indicators values of the JSC “Russian Railways” integrated development project until 2023, it is necessary to increase the East Siberian railway capacity of the mountain-pass section of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II up to 137 pairs of trains per day. The freight trains number should be 107 pairs per day, a raft of pushing locomotives in the odd direction up to 19 units. The section transportation capacity will increase to 116.7 million tons per year. According to the specified operation parameters, with the growth of cargo turnover on the Irkutsk – Slyudyanka section by 2023, the available capacity shortage will be 14 pairs of trains. In freight traffic, if all provided reserve lines of the the regulatory schedule are used, the capacity deficit will be 11 pairs of various categories trains. The article offers a solution of the existing section power supply devices strengthening problem until the inter-train interval of 8 minutes is reached, for this purpose, the technical parameters of the section substations are considered, and the performance indicators that can provide reliable and cost-effective working conditions are determined. The operation conditions of a traction power network (TPN) of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II section under the existing traffic schedule and under the prospective train schedule are compared. Traction calculations have a special role, since they serve as the basis for drawing up optimal train schedules, determining the railway lines capacity, effectively placing separate points, traction substations, fuel depots, determining the locomotives electricity and fuel consumption rate, solving other practical problems. Traction operation calculation of the electrified mountain pass section of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II railway line was performed using the KORTES software package. The power supply parameters of a given section were used as input data: the separate points number and location, the current speed limits for trains on this section, the longitudinal profile of the railway track, the categories and types of trains that pass through the section, the trains weights and the electric rolling stock types used in the calculation.
Study of the flammability of vegetable oils in the combustion chamber of diesel engines
Authors: Markov V A , Devyanin S N , Kamaltdinov V G , Sa B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Promising biofuels for diesel engines are vegetable oils and fuels derived from them. The advantages of using biofuels in internal combustion engines were considered. The problems of using vegetable oils in diesel engines have been analyzed. It is noted that the main issues of using vegetable oils are their high viscosity and their worst flammability in the combustion chamber of diesel engines. The flammability indicators of vehicle fuels in the combustion chamber of diesel engines were considered. The most important among them is the cetane number of the fuel. The factors influencing the cetane number of vegetable oils have been determined. The dependences of the cetane number of vegetable oils on the flash point in a closed-cup, the content of oleic acid, and the content of saturated fatty acids have been obtained and analyzed. These dependences have been compared with a multi-factorial dependence of the cetane number on the basic triglyceride contents.
Analysis of narrowband data transfer technologies on the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Daudov Kh A , Patrusova A M , Nadrshin V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article provides an overview and comparative analysis of narrowband data transfer technologies on the Internet of Things. For analysis, a method of comparing the parameters of each of the reviewed technologies based on data from domestic and foreign literature, scientific articles and publications was chosen. This comparative analysis helps to identify a more efficient and preferable technology.
Using the wave algorithm for optimal route construction
Authors: Zhigalov K , Klochkova E , Druzhinina T Ya , Vakhrusheva M Yu , Bataev D K-S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Integration of modern routing algorithms in logistics is aimed at minimizing costs. The formation of the most effective solutions must take into account the complexity and the variety of types of tracks. It is advisable to optimize the route only after localizing the square of movement, analyzing the terrain, developing the infrastructure of the sector, as well as taking into account the technical characteristics of the declared vehicle and the construction algorithm. The study of the principles of the hierarchical approach in the formation of the route justifies the use of the wave algorithm in the formation of the optimal route on a digital map that meets multifactor criteria: determining the direction of movement of an object by sector, calculating the resources spent on overcoming a specific area of terrain and displaying the results of movement-minimizes costs when building routes.
Change of exploitation parameters of a vessel after the switch to the usage of LNG as the main fuel
Authors: Ivanov L V , Baranov A Y , Tsvetkov V A , Vasilenok A V , Andreev A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study presents the analysis of the changes in the fuel autonomy and the effective range performed by the vessels which underwent modernization in order to use LNG as the main fuel. In this article various variants of modernization were considered. It is suggested that the project core geometry of the self-propelled tankers and tugboats should not be altered. The change in the parameters of the fuel autonomy after placing the cryogenic fuel tanks of different constructions was estimated. The various operating modes of cargo tanks of different constructions were observed. Besides that, there are two possible operating modes, particularly the drainage mode and the drain-free mode. It is proved that the tug boats’ fuel autonomy is reduced 2 times. The usage of the boil-off-gas in the self-propelled LNG carrier’s engine compensates for the decrease in the fuel autonomy. Thus, it depends on the distance between the final consumer of LNG and the loading satellite terminal of the cryogenic product whether to opt for using self-propelled or tug and barge transport.
Automation of technological processes in mechanical engineering
Authors: Kozlova E P , Kuznetsova S N , Romanovskaya E V , Andryashina N S , Garina E P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article discusses trends of production development in the engineering industry. The need to control automation processes at various stages of product manufacture has been identified. It was concluded that automation leads to increasing the efficiency of production, economic activities and quality of products, as well as making and introducing new products. On the basis of Russian and foreign experience the key stages of realization of automatic control system for technological processes were pointed out. Using the example of Business Units, the stages of implementing the latest automated equipment were considered. The project team conducted a survey of the business unit and determined that automation of the casting process in the foundry should be carried out. As a result, it was proposed to introduce an automatic cutting and grinding complex into the production process. These innovations made it possible to reduce the enterprise expenses by reducing the number of employees, as well as reduce the percentage of defects. Moreover, it became possible to solve a number of other significant problems: a decrease in the waste percentage, the need to meet the world requirements for the result of processing, elimination of the consequences of difficult working conditions (reduction in the number of accidents, noise levels and concomitant diseases). The results can be used not only for the considered objects of research, but also for organizations of other industries in order to increase the efficiency of activities through the introduction of automation of the control system of technological processes.
Economic efficiency of increasing the reliability of electric transport in urban transport systems
Authors: Chernyakov M K , Akberov K Ch , Malozyomov B V , Listkov V Yu , Kharlamova I Yu , Saricheva E N , Shuraev I A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, the authors propose a new approach to determining the efficiency of increasing the reliability of electric transport, based on the symbiosis of the effective implementation of a diagnostic technical set of measures and minimizing the cost of operating electric transport. As a result of its use, it was determined that increasing the reliability of electric transport systems can lead to a decrease in both specific operating costs and specific capital investments as a result of an increase in the annual productivity of electric transport. This is due to the reduction in the time it takes to take it out of operation to eliminate the consequences of failures and to carry out maintenance and repair.
Techniques for optimization of gas extraction from production wells annulus
Authors: Mingulov Sh G , Mingulov I Sh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article experimentally establishes the regularities of the separated gas pressure growth in the annulus depending on geological and technical characteristics of producing wells; it obtains an experimental dependence for calculating the period of stabilization of the gas pressure in the annulus when the pressure is equal to the pressure in the discharge manifold of the well.