bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does maternal tooth brushing-related sef-efficacy predict child's brushing adherence?
Authors: Dixit Uma B , Sehgal Priyanka R , Moorthy Lakshmi , Iyer Harikesavan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Dental plaque is a root cause of dental caries. Effective plaque control in young children can be achieved with twice-daily assisted tooth brushing. Self-efficacy relates to one's confidence in performing a task. Self-efficacy is shown to facilitate the behavior change in treatments for lifestyle diseases. The influence of maternal self-efficacy in children's oral health behaviors is less studied.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate an association between maternal tooth brushing-related self-efficacy (MTBSE) and child's brushing adherence.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in schools and included 781 mother-child dyads with children between the age group of 2 and 6 years.

Methods:
Selected mothers were asked to complete the questionnaires on sociodemographic data, mother's oral health knowledge (MOHK), tooth-brushing practices, and MTBSE. Brushing adherence was evaluated as complete adherence if the child followed twice daily assisted brushing using the toothbrush and toothpaste.

Statistical Analysis:
Nonparametric tests were used to compare the variables. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the predictors of brushing adherence.

Results:
Complete brushing adherence (assisted brushing with toothbrush and toothpaste at least twice per day) was seen only in 26.9% children. More children with complete brushing adherence were single children (P < 0.001). Children with complete brushing adherence had mothers with significantly higher MTBSE (P < 0.001). The presence/absence of siblings, MOHK, and MTBSE were found to be strong and significant predictors of brushing adherence in children.

Conclusions:
MTBSE plays a significant role in complete adherence to toothbrushing in children aged 2–6 years.
The effect of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea on inhibiting total cholesterol on animal subjects
Authors: Sutjiatmo Afifah Bambang , Haq Fahmy Ahsanul , Al Jati Sulaeman , Vikasari Suci Nar 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia occurs when cholesterol levels in the blood increases. Traditionally, krokot (purslane, portulaca oleracea) is used to treat cardiovascular disease.
Aim: This research evaluated the effect of purslane extract to inhibit increasing of cholesterol levels.
Methods: The ethanol extract dosage of purslane was 27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg body weight (bw) and simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg bw were used as comparisons. The anti-hyper cholesterol effect test was done by feeding a high cholesterol diet and drinks containing 0.01% propylthiouracil. The test parameters were body weight and total cholesterol levels on days 0, 7, 14, and 21.
Results: The results showed that the extract was able to prevent the increase in body weight compared to the control group (p<0.05) and that it could inhibit the increase of total cholesterol levels at day 14 and 21 compared to control group (p<0.05) and equivalent to simvastatin (p>0.05).
Pakistan Faces External Security Threats From Afghanistan and India
Authors: Malik Zain Ul Abiden 
Published: July 2021

Pakistan's insecurity and uncertainty derive primarily from the country's eastern and western borders with India and Afghanistan. The withdrawal of NATO forces from Afghanistan in December 2014 created a leadership vacuum and political instability, potentially worsening regional security, particularly in Pakistan. Pakistan also does not want Afghanistan to fall prey to foreign intervention, especially from India, as this would exacerbate Pakistan's sub-nationalism issue. Kashmir's strategic position has been a point of contention between the two countries. Kashmir is vital to both countries because it is the source of water for most of the major rivers that flow into Pakistan. In terms of security issues with India, they are critical because the two countries have fought three wars, resulting in massive human and financial losses as well as destruction of the countries' infrastructure.
Foreign Language Teaching and Development of Language skills :A Pakistani Perspective
Authors: Mumtaz Dr. Syeda Naureen , Quraishi Dr.Uzma 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study was attempted to explore as to what extent English language teaching in Pakistan has been able to develop language skills among the target learners. The researcher intended to evaluate the limit to which the textbook helps in generating competence of all four integrated skills, especially as laid down in the standards of the National Curriculum (2006). The purpose of this study was to create pragmatic awareness among learners, teachers and educational professionals, working in the field of English as Foreign Language. By method , it was a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were the tools used to elicit the data. The participants of this research were selected from public sector schools and organizations including, teachers, policymakers, curriculum developers, subject specialists, and students to examine the effectiveness of grade VIII’s English language textbook on students’ performance . For data analysis themes were developed, coded and summarized in a descriptive mode. The findings of this study reflected that the relevant textbook does not cater to the target learners’ future academic and professional language needs. As a solution to the problems while teaching and learning English as foreign language in Pakistan; this study also offered a model to be followed by the policy makers and practitioners in order to make the existing English language textbook more effectives in terms of foreign language teaching and learning and language skill development.
Key Words: Foreign language acquisition, Language skills, National Curriculum( 2006)
Pharmacological Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias in Acute Myocardial Infarction - a Review
Authors: Deaconu Alexandru , Deaconu Silvia , Radu Andrei , Dorobantu Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes severe metabolic and electrophysiological changes that induce silent or symptomatic life-threatening arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation are common during the early phase of AMI and are also important prognostic factors. Rapid identification and treatment of these arrhythmias can be life-saving, since in-hospital mortality rises dramatically in patients who develop arrhythmias with a fast ventricular rate following an AMI. Along with myocardial revascularization, adequate pharmacological therapy of hemodynamically relevant arrhythmias is generally useful. Since there are no controlled randomized trials comparing different antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in AMI, optimal decision making is based on medical societies guidelines recommendations and clinical judgement.
Survival, Functional Capacity and Quality of Life after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Present Considerations and Future Perspectives
Authors: Radulescu Crina-Ioana , Deleanu Dan , Chioncel Ovidiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease, with an increasing prevalence due to age-related degenerative modifications of the valve. Once AS becomes symptomatic, the survival of patients is significantly reduced with an annual mortality rate of 25%. Depending on surgical risk, anatomical and technical aspects, and the patient’s option, correction can be made either by surgical valve replacement (SAVR) or by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Although aortic valve implantation brings relief of symptoms, there is little data on the quality of life (QoL) of patients undergoing TAVI and the factors that directly influence it. Even if age and comorbidities are known modifiers of survival, there is no specific tool to assess the impact of AS and to determine the appropriate treatment strategy.
NT-pro BNP versus E/E’ Ratio after ECG Treadmill Test in Asymptomatic Hypertensive Patients with Exercise-Induced Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Paun Nicolae , Uscoiu Gabriela , Hodorogea Andreea , Andrei Irina Mariella , Nicolae Camelia , Nanea Tiberiu Ioan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Left ventricle dysfunction is the link between the heart morphological changes and the overt heart failure. Hypertension is one of the main cardio-vascular conditions which can lead to development of left ventricle failure. The study was conducted at outpatient Clinic – Medlife, Memorial Hospital. It intended to compare NT-pro BNP and the ratio E/E’ as markers of diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients and normal ejection fraction (EF) and no signs or symptoms of heart failure. Both indexes proved to reflect independently diastolic dysfunction in symptomatic patients with different cardiac diseases but not in asymptomatic hypertensive patients. It was a single-center observational study recruiting 40 participants (20 F 52–70 age, and 20 M 56–67 age). Natriuretic peptides are widely accepted as biomarkers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. NT-pro BNP proved to be a very good means of diagnosing exercise-related left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) showing that it could unveil a subclinical LVD, especially in patient with myocardial remodeling. The main goal of this study was to compare the values of NT-pro BNP and E/E’. We have found no correlation between NT-pro BNP and E/E’, both pre-exercise and post-exercise, demonstrating that the later was not a reliable means of diagnosing LVD at effort in aymptomatic hypertensive patients.
The Challenges of Tachycardia Induced Cardiomyopathy - a Case Report
Authors: Velcea Andreea Elena , Suran Maria Claudia Berenice , Vinereanu Dragos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is characterized by reversible left ventricular dysfunction caused by long-standing tachycardia. Treatment options for tachyarrhythmias causing TIC have evolved, especially the rhythm control strategies, ensuring a better and more sustainable control of the arrhythmia.
We report the case of a 46-year-old male presenting with acute heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF) of unknown duration and severe left ventricular dysfunction, as well as left ventricular dilation. His medical history was relevant for atrial flutter treated with catheter ablation, hypertension, and frequent atrial ectopy for which he had been prescribed amiodarone. Coronary artery disease and other potential causes for left ventricular dysfunction were excluded with coronary angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. Thus, the patient had a high suspicion of TIC. We opted for a rhythm control strategy, however, after a successful initial electrical cardioversion, he had AF recurrence a few days later, under classic heart failure medication and antiarrhythmics. Pulmonary vein isolation was then performed, with no complications. At the one-month follow-up visit the patient was arrhythmia-free and had a normal left ventricular ejection fraction, with a slightly enlarged left ventricle. We opted to continue the heart failure medication.
This case illustrates a typical case of AF induced TIC and the limited pharmacological options that exist for rhythm control, as well as the high efficacy of catheter ablation and value of imaging.
Legal and criminological analysis of the implementation of the «digital biography» of the student
Authors: Гареев М.Ф. 
Published: July 2021

В настоящей статье рассматривается инициатива Министерства просвещения Российской Федерации о введении «цифровой биографии студента». Дается правовой и криминологический анализ данной инициативы, анализируются последствия введения цифровой технологии. Специальное внимание уделяется прогнозу о росте детской преступности и возможности использования цифровых технологий в области образования криминальными элементами. Утверждается, что эти проблемы затрагивают вопросы информационной безопасности страны.
This article examines the initiative of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation to introduce a “digital student biography”. A legal and criminological analysis of this initiative is given, the consequences of the introduction of digital technology are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the forecast of the growth of child crime and the possibility of using digital technologies in the field of education by criminals. These issues are said to affect the country's information security.
Acceso renal guiado por ultrasonido para nefrolitotomía percutánea en un centro de referencia del Sureste de México
Authors: Magaña-González Jorge Esteban , Monzon-Falconi Juan Francisco , Cruz-Nuricumbo Eduardo , Cruz=Ordoñez Sandra Xochiquetzal , Flores=Tapia Juan Pablo , Esqueda=Mendoza Antonio 
Published: July 2021

RESÚMEN

La nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLPC) es el tratamiento de elección para litos coraliformes y cálculos renales grandes (mayores de 2 cm). El acceso renal percutáneo se puede lograr ya sea guiado por ultrasonido o fluoroscopia. El método de elección depende de la formación y las preferencias personales. El ultrasonido tiene varias fortalezas como herramienta de intervención y ofrece varias ventajas sobre la fluoroscopía: es fácilmente disponible, portátil, relativamente barato así como la reducción de la exposición a la radiación. Si bien existe una curva de aprendizaje para dominar estas técnicas, su adopción puede conducir a una menor exposición a la radiación para los pacientes, urólogos y proveedores de servicios de salud auxiliares al realizar la nefrolitotomia percutánea.

Objetivos
Describir la técnica quirúrgica, así como las características clínicas de los pacientes sometidos Nefrolitotomía Percutánea con acceso renal guiado por USG en el Hospital Regional De Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán en el periodo enero 2019 a enero del 2021.

Material y método
Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo, de los expedientes clínicos de un total de 22 pacientes con diagnóstico litiasis renal corroborado por estudio de tomografía, sometidos a NLPC con punción guiada por ultrasonido.

Resultados
Se realizaron un total de 22 NLPC con acceso renal guiado por ultrasonido en un periodo de un año (enero 2019 a enero 2020). El 72.7% de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino y 27.3% del sexo masculino. El 50% (11) tenían obesidad. El 68.2% (15) pertenecían a la clasificación de riesgo anestésico ASA 2, el 22.7% (5) ASA 3 y 9.1% (2) ASA 1. Dentro de las características del lito de acuerdo a la clasificación de GUY Stone Score, el 40.9% (9) contaban con un GUY III y el 27.3% (6) contaban con un GUY IV. Dentro de las características quirúrgicas: el tracto fue realizado en el 45.5% por un fellow de endourología en el (10) 22.7%, (5) por R5, 9.1% (2) por R4 y 22.7% por médico adscrito de endourología. En cuanto al número de punciones, el 45.5% (10) solamente requirieron una punción. 5 pacientes 2 punciones, 5 pacientes 3 punciones, 1 paciente 4 punciones y 1 paciente más 5 punciones; En el 95.5% (21) el tracto fue exitoso, únicamente en un paciente el tracto fue fallido. La punción se realizó en posición de Valdivia/Galdakao en el 90.0% (20) y en posición prono en el 9.1% (2). El número de tractos realizados fue unitracto en el 95.5% (21).

Conclusiones
El acceso guiado por ultrasonido para la nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLPC) es una técnica segura, efectiva, libre de radiación y de bajo costo que puede ser utilizada en cualquier hospital. Esta técnica requiere de entrenamiento estructurado el cual debe comenzar desde la residencia.
Implementasi Pembangunan Jaringan Mini Optical Line Termination di Kawasan Babelan milik PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia
Authors: Satriadi Mathias Radi , Pramudita Rully 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian dengan judul pembangunan mini optical line termination di Kawasan Babelan, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari infrastruktur terbaru milik PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia yang mengembangkan jaringanya terus menerus untuk menjangkau wilayah yang belum mendapatkan akses internet, proses pembangunan jaringan fiber optik, PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Telkom) sebagai Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) yang berkonsenterasi pada bidang komunikasi, berhasil meluncurkan produk Internet Home (INDIHOME) sebagai Brand Image-nya guna memenuhi kebutuhan informasi komunikasi demi kemajuan bangsa Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi studi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Studi lapangan meliputi praktek , wawancara dan pengamatan. Studi pustaka dilakukan dengan penilitian kepustakaan yang relevan dengan masalah yang dihadapi. Dari analisa dan pengamatan yang dilakukan bahwa jaringan akses fiber optik merupakan salah satu peningkatan yang baik guna meningkatkan efisiensi yang berpengaruh pada kecepatan mengirimkan paket data (internet).

Kata kunci: Fiber Optik, Jaringan, Indihome, Optical Line Termination (OLT)

Abstract: The research entitled the construction of a mini optical line termination in the Babelan area, the purpose of this research is to study the latest infrastructure owned by PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia which is developing its network continuously to reach areas that do not yet have internet access, the process of building a fiber optic network, PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Telkom) as The State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), which concentrate on the communication sector, have successfully launched the Internet Home (INDIHOME) product as its Brand Image to meet the needs of communication information for the progress of the Indonesian nation. Data collection methods include field studies and literature studies. Field studies include practice, interviews and observations. Literature study is carried out with literature research that is relevant to the problem at hand. From the analysis and observations made that the fiber optic access network is one of the best improvements to improve efficiency which affects the speed of sending data packets (internet).
Keywords: Fiber Optic, Network, Indihome, Optical Line Termination (OLT)
Growth performance and meat quality of meat-type guinea fowl fed different commercial diets
Authors: Batkowska Justyna , Drabik Kamil , Karwowska Małgorzata , Ahsan Umair , Raza Ifrah , Adamczuk Agnieszka , Horecka Beata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The aim of study was to assess the growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of meat-type guinea fowl fed balanced commercial diets under two different feeding programs, similar to those for slaughter turkeys and broiler chickens, respectively. A total of 80 4-week-old meat-type guinea fowl divided into two groups (four replicates per group; 10 birds in each replicate) were raised for 14 weeks. One group received commercially available diets in a three-phased program (TM group), whereas the other group was fed commercial diets in a two-phased program (CM group). Growth-performance-related traits were recorded. At the end of rearing (14 weeks of age), eight birds from each group were slaughtered. Carcass yield and technological traits of meat (pH, color, water-holding capacity, natural and thermal loss, tenderness, fatty acid profile) were analyzed. Groups did not differ in terms of body weight as well as carcass yield and characteristics. There was no difference in meat quality and the fatty acid profile of breast and thigh meat of guinea fowl from TM and CM groups. The findings of this study suggest that both commercial diets (for broiler chickens and turkeys) can be used in meat-type guinea fowl rearing. Due to the lower price of diets fed to the CM group and the lack of significant variation in meat quality traits, its use seems to be more justified from an economic point of view.
Increasing the spatial resolution of cloud property retrievals from Meteosat SEVIRI by use of its high-resolution visible channel: implementation and examples
Authors: Deneke Hartwig , Barrientos-Velasco Carola , Bley Sebastian , Hünerbein Anja , Lenk Stephan , Macke Andreas , Meirink Jan Fokke , Schroedter-Homscheidt Marion , Senf Fabian , Wang Ping , Werner Frank , Witthuhn Jonas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The modification of an existing cloud property retrieval scheme for
the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) instrument
on board the geostationary Meteosat satellites is described to utilize
its high-resolution visible (HRV) channel for increasing the spatial
resolution of its physical outputs. This results in products with a
nadir spatial resolution of 1×1 km2 compared to
the standard 3×3 km2 resolution offered by the
narrowband channels. This improvement thus greatly reduces the
resolution gap between current geostationary and polar-orbiting
meteorological satellite imagers. In the first processing step,
cloudiness is determined from the HRV observations by a
threshold-based cloud masking algorithm. Subsequently, a linear model
that links the 0.6 µm, 0.8 µm, and HRV
reflectances provides a physical constraint to incorporate the spatial
high-frequency component of the HRV observations into the retrieval of
cloud optical depth. The implementation of the method is described,
including the ancillary datasets used. It is demonstrated that the
omission of high-frequency variations in the cloud-absorbing
1.6 µm channel results in comparatively large
uncertainties in the retrieved cloud effective radius, likely due to
the mismatch in channel resolutions. A newly developed downscaling
scheme for the 1.6 µm reflectance is therefore applied
to mitigate the effects of this scale mismatch. Benefits of the
increased spatial resolution of the resulting SEVIRI products are
demonstrated for three example applications: (i) for a convective
cloud field, it is shown that significantly better agreement between
the distributions of cloud optical depth retrieved from SEVIRI and
from collocated MODIS observations is achieved. (ii) The temporal
evolution of cloud properties for a growing convective storm at
standard and HRV spatial resolutions are compared, illustrating an
improved contrast in growth signatures resulting from the use of the
HRV channel. (iii) An example of surface solar irradiance, determined
from the retrieved cloud properties, is shown, for which the HRV channel
helps to better capture the large spatiotemporal variability induced
by convective clouds. These results suggest that incorporating the HRV
channel into the retrieval has potential for improving Meteosat-based
cloud products for several application domains.
De Joseph Ratzinger a Benedicto XVI. Vida, obra y trayectorias de Ratzinger
Authors: Natal Álvarez Domingo 
Published: July 2021

Aquí presentamos el entorno vital de Ratzinger, con sus estudios e influencias más decisivas, así como al profesor Universitario y su famosa Tesis de Habilitación. El Perito del Concilio Vaticano II, y el paso de Münster a Tubinga, la crisis social del 68 y su marcha a Ratisbona. La llegada de los vientos del Concilio y la revista Communio. El Obispo, el Prefecto de la Congregación de la Fe y el Papa Benedicto XVI. Luego exponemos la Razón y la Fe, según Ratzinger, ante el silencio de Dios: la meditación de sábado Santo, el sábado Santo de la Historia y el ateísmo actual. Además, él se adentra en la situación actual y sus causas: el egocentrismo individualista, la alergia a lo sublime, y nos muestra cómo ser cristiano en una era neopagana, desde el camino del Vaticano II y el testimonio cristiano del Dios vivo en nuestro mundo, con el evangelio del Dios del amor y su moral. También nos habla del diálogo interreligioso, el mundo de los laicos, la mujer en la Iglesia, el número de los santos y la reforma litúrgica, para llegar a la Nueva Evangelización hoy como testimonio del Dios vivo en nuestro mundo.