bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems related to the operation of machines and devices for the production of ceramic roof tiles with a special consideration of the durability of tools for band extrusion
Authors: Hawryluk Marek , Marzec Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article performs a complex analysis of the production of ceramic roof tiles from a plastic mass based mainly on clay with additions, subjected to the successive stages of the process, in order to ultimately obtain a roof tile to be used in roofings. It discusses the most important aspects and parameters of production which affect the abrasive and tribological wear of the machine elements. Particularly the key elements of those devices on the roof tile production lines which are in direct contact with the extruded material have to be especially resistant to abrasive wear, which occurs as a result of contact with the extruded clay band. The wear of tools of this type is affected by many, often opposing, factors and physic and chemical phenomena. This makes the analysis of their wear difficult and complex, at the same time demonstrating the difficulties in a detailed analysis of such processes as well as the key technological parameters, especially in terms of the possibilities of applying numerical modeling. This article also performs a review of the materials used for the production of machine elements for roof tiles and their optimization in the aspect of a continuous development of the production technology. A special attention is mostly paid to the wear of machines and devices used for band extrusion as well as the possible directions of further development of the ceramic industry.
Regeneration of virus-free plants from undeveloped ovules of seedless citrus cultivars: a practical approach for combating citrus viral diseases
Authors: Zhang Zhehui , Hu Yongjun , Wang Ming , Nie Ruihan , Sun Manli , Xie Zongzhou , Chai Lijun , Ye Junli , Deng Xiuxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe citrus industry is confronted with significant challenges posed by viral diseases. However, commercially favored seedless cultivars cannot be propagated through seeds to generate virus-free plants. Obtaining virus-free plants from seedless cultivars has been an important goal for research and practical purposes. In this study, virus-free plants were successfully regenerated from undeveloped ovules of seedless citrus cultivars through somatic embryogenesis. Following rigorous sterilization, the undeveloped ovules, collected from fruits harvested at 210 DAF (days after flowering), were cultured in darkness on MGS medium (MS medium containing 0.5 g L−1 malt extract, 1 mg L−1 GA3, 40 mg L−1 SAD [adenine hemisulfate]) to induce embryoid formation. The embryoids were then transferred to a 16-h photoperiod to promote bud regeneration. Thereafter, the regenerated buds were grafted onto in vitro rootstocks to recover entire plants. Four viruses, including Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV), Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), and Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), were confirmed to be successfully eradicated in the regenerated plants. Both whole-genome resequencing and single-gene sequence alignment analyses confirmed that the regenerated plants retained genetic fidelity to the maternal plants. Furthermore, we established that the regeneration protocol from undeveloped ovules is an effective and practical method for virus elimination across diverse citrus varieties. These findings provide an alternative strategy for combating citrus viral diseases and achieving germplasm conservation.
The Timing of Sea-Level Rise Impacts to Cultural Heritage Sites along the Georgia Coast, USA, through Fine-Grain Ecological Modeling
Authors: Cochran Lindsey E. , Thompson Victor D. , Anderson David G. , Hladik Christine M. , Herbert Ellen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Large datasets, combined with modeling techniques, provide a quantitative way to estimate when known archaeological sites will be impacted by climatological changes. With over 4,000 archaeological sites recorded on the coast of Georgia, USA, the state provides an ideal opportunity to compare methods. Here, we compare the popular passive “bathtub” modeling with the dynamic Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) combined with the Marshes Equilibrium Model (MEM). The goal of this effort is to evaluate prior modeling and test the benefits of more detailed ecological modeling in assessing site loss. Our findings indicate that although rough counts of archaeological sites destroyed by sea-level rise (SLR) are similar in all approaches, using the latter two methods provides critical information needed in prioritizing site studies and documentation before irrevocable damages occur. Our results indicate that within the next 80 years, approximately 40% of Georgia's coastal sites will undergo a loss of archaeological context due to wetlands shifting from dry ecological zones to transitional marshlands or submerged estuaries and swamps.
Augmented reality navigation in orthognathic surgery: Comparative analysis and a paradigm shift
Authors: Żelechowski Marek , Zubizarreta‐Oteiza Jokin , Karnam Murali , Faludi Balázs , Zentai Norbert , Gerig Nicolas , Rauter Georg , Thieringer Florian M. , Cattin Philippe C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe emergence of augmented reality (AR) in surgical procedures could significantly enhance accuracy and outcomes, particularly in the complex field of orthognathic surgery. This study compares the effectiveness and accuracy of traditional drilling guides with two AR‐based navigation techniques: one utilizing ArUco markers and the other employing small‐workspace infrared tracking cameras for a drilling task. Additionally, an alternative AR visualization paradigm for surgical navigation is proposed that eliminates the potential inaccuracies of image detection using headset cameras. Through a series of controlled experiments designed to assess the accuracy of hole placements in surgical scenarios, the performance of each method was evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that the small‐workspace infrared tracking camera system is on par with the accuracy of conventional drilling guides, hinting at a promising future where such guides could become obsolete. This technology demonstrates a substantial advantage by circumventing the common issues encountered with traditional tracking systems and surpassing the accuracy of ArUco marker‐based navigation. These results underline the potential of this system for enabling more minimally invasive interventions, a crucial step towards enhancing surgical accuracy and, ultimately, patient outcomes. The study resulted in three relevant contributions: first, a new paradigm for AR visualization in the operating room, relying only on exact tracking information to navigate the surgeon is proposed. Second, the comparative analysis marks a critical step forward in the evolution of surgical navigation, paving the way for integrating more sophisticated AR solutions in orthognathic surgery and beyond. Finally, the system with a robotic arm is integrated and the inaccuracies present in a typical human‐controlled system are evaluated.
Template‐based universal adversarial attack for synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition network
Authors: Liu Wei , Wan Xuanshen , Niu Chaoyang , Lu Wanjie , Li Yuanli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExisting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) adversarial attack algorithms primarily focus on the digital image domain, and constructing adversarial examples in real‐world scenarios presents significant and challenging hurdles. This study proposes the template‐based universal adversarial attack (TUAA) algorithm. Initially, a SAR interference template generator module is constructed to derive a universal adversarial perturbation in the image domain. The designed loss function guides the parameter updating of the generator, thereby improving the attack effectiveness and perturbation concealment. Subsequently, a SAR jamming signal generator module is developed, which swiftly generates the interference signal using the range convolutional and azimuth multiplication modulation jamming method. Consequently, the victim model can be effectively targeted by merely transmitting the jamming signal to the SAR receiver. Experimental results show that TUAA reduces the recognition rate of four typical DNN models to less than 15% under acceptable time costs and image deformation.
A Firing Cannon: Bilateral Lower Limb Ischemia as a Manifestation of Cardiac Myxoma
Authors: Elbayomi Mohamed , Groß Raphael , Presheet Pathare , Agaimy Abbas , May Mattias , Wayend Micheal , Heim Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac neoplasms.
Case Description We present a case of a middle-aged lady with cardiac myxoma in her left atrium awaiting semi-elective surgery. During the preoperative period, the patient presented emergently with acute bilateral lower limb ischemia. This lady was fortunate to have these emboli fired towards a tissue with ischemia tolerance capacity. If these emboli had been directed toward the central nervous system, this patient would have experienced devastating complications and even death.
Conclusion This presentation opens the debate on the timing of surgical intervention in myxoma patients.
Beyond the Chest Wall: Examining the Relationship between Morphological Features and Psychosocial Distress in Pectus Excavatum Patients
Authors: Janssen Nicky , Daemen Jean H.T. , van Hulst Luca DRTG , Franssen Aimée J.P.M. , Coorens Nadine A. , Hulsewé Karel W.E. , Vissers Yvonne L.J. , de Loos Erik R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction Pectus excavatum patients frequently experience psychosocial distress, yet the relationship with morphological features of the deformity remains unexplored. We hypothesize that certain morphological features analyzed by 3D optical surface imaging contribute more prominently to the distress experienced by pectus excavatum patients as they impact the visible severity of the deformity.
Materials and Methods Consecutive pectus excavatum patients who received three-dimensional optical surface imaging between August 2019 and November 2022 were included. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association between morphological features and psychosocial distress in which the distress was scored as a binary variable, based on a self-reported assessment.
Results Among 215 patients, 55% reported psychosocial distress with multivariable analyses revealing greater depth and length of the deformity being significantly correlated with psychosocial distress. However, this prediction model demonstrated a moderate discriminative ability with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.73) for pectus depth and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.51–0.66) for pectus length.
Conclusions The morphological features of length and depth of the deformity are correlated with psychosocial distress. Nonetheless, these individual features are weak predictors due to their moderate discriminative ability. This underscores that other patient-related factors, such as personality traits, neuropsychological conditions, and other psychosocial influences, are likely to play a role in the occurrence of psychosocial distress. Future studies should investigate these variables alongside the incorporation of standardized instruments for measuring psychosocial distress to better understand and address the distress in this population.
Optimizing Post-Kasai Management in Biliary Atresia: Balancing Native Liver Survival and Transplant Timing
Authors: Madadi-Sanjani Omid , Uecker Marie , Thomas Gordon , Fischer Lutz , Hegen Bianca , Herrmann Jochen , Reinshagen Konrad , Tomuschat Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Kasai procedure (KPE) is a palliative intervention in infants with biliary atresia (BA) aiming to restore biliary drainage. While the measure of success in BA is the post-Kasai native liver survival (NLS), BA remains the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in children. While a considerable amount of children fail to clear their jaundice following KPE, resulting in early liver failure and transplantation, some children become jaundice-free after “successful” KPE. However, sequelae of chronic liver disease might affect those children, becoming a later risk for NLS. While liver transplantation is inevitable in the majority of children, various salvage procedures have been recently described to maintain NLS. This article provides a comprehensive overview of procedures performed after KPE to prolong NLS in BA patients from early childhood to late adulthood and discusses their indications and limitations.
Methods A literature-based search for surgical and radiological interventions performed in BA patients after KPE to prolong NLS (salvage procedures) was performed using PubMed. Data from case reports, retrospective studies, and registries were included.
Results Fifteen studies included 794 patients who underwent post-KPE salvage procedures. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels were IIc to IV.Interventions included redo-Kasai's (n = 710) for cessation of bile flow post-KPE, surgical and radiological procedures (n = 14) for bile lakes, and recurrent cholangitis, shunt surgery (n = 49), and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (n = 21) for portal hypertension in BA patients. Age at the time of salvage interventions varied considerably, including redo-Kasai's at 27 days of life and percutaneous biliary interventions in a 35-year-old.
Conclusion Salvage procedures can maintain NLS after KPE in BA patients with disease sequelae. However, indications remain scarce and liver transplantation is ultimately unavoidable in the majority of patients. While redo-Kasai numbers are globally decreasing with the advances in liver transplantation, procedures for bile lakes and portal hypertension can be viable options for patients with complications but otherwise stable liver function. Discussion on those procedures should be held by multidisciplinary expert teams, involving pediatric hepatologists, pediatric surgeons, and transplant surgeons to elaborate on the potential of maintaining NLS or proceeding with transplantation.
Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Failure after PEA: An Initial Experience
Authors: Ak Koray , Tarazi Majd , Öztürk Fatih , Yıldızeli Şehnaz Olgun , Kararmaz Alper , Mutlu Bulent , Yildizeli Bedrettin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent prone positioning (PP) for acute respiratory failure after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA).
Methods A total of 125 patients underwent PEA and the outcome related to patients who underwent PP for acute respiratory failure after surgery was analyzed.
Results In all 13 patients (10%) underwent PP at the mean duration of 28.2 ± 10.6 hours after surgery and the mean prone time was 29.4 ± 9.8 hours. Compared with the pre-prone values, there was a significant improvement in the mean arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio at the end of PP (119.4 ± 12.4 versus 202 ± 58.3) (p = 0.0002). Eight patients (61%) revealed a significant improvement in oxygenation with PP. Five patients who remained unresponsive underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and four of them were weaned off successfully. In multivariate logistic stepwise analysis, the need for a moderate inotropy (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1) and low preoperative cardiac index (OR: 0.2) were independent predictors of PP. Under PP, the most common complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia (n = 9, 70%) and PP was found to be an independent predictor of ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR: 10.3). Early mortality was seen in three patients (23%, sepsis in two and adult respiratory distress syndrome in one).
Conclusion In the early care of acute respiratory failure following PTE, PP may be a feasible option, despite an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. More research involving a larger sample size is necessary.
Primary versus Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): A Meeting Report from the 2023 McMaster ITP Summit
Authors: Modi Dimpy , Chowdhury Saifur R. , Mahamad Syed , Modi Hayley , Cines Douglas B. , Neunert Cindy E. , Al-Samkari Hanny , Cooper Nichola , Moulis Guillaume , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Liebman Howard A. , Bussel James B. , Breakey Vicky R. , Nazy Ishac , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe McMaster Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Summit, held on October 27, 2023, was an educational seminar from leading experts in immune thrombocytopenia and related disorders geared toward hematologists, internists, immunologists, and clinical and translational scientists. The focus of the Summit was to review the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of primary versus secondary ITP. Specific objectives were to describe the unique features of secondary ITP, and to review its mechanisms in the context of autoimmune disease and infection. The key messages in this Summit were: (1) ITP is a heterogeneous disease, and genetic and immunologic insights may help classify patient subtypes; (2) exploring the autoimmune mechanisms and their association with hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with secondary ITP could improve our understanding of ITP and its subtypes; (3) investigating the mechanisms of ITP in the context of infections caused by viruses such as CMV, HIV, dengue, and hepatitis C, or bacteria such as H. pylori, or vaccinations could provide insight into the causes of ITP. A better understanding of secondary ITP could help elucidate the pathogenesis of ITP.
Recent Applications of Triphenylmethyl (Trityl) Cations in Synthesis
Authors: Mulks Florian F. , Gong Yiwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbocations, often deemed transient and unstable intermediates in organic chemistry, gained significant recognition with the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to George A. Olah in 1995 for his work on carbocation chemistry. The triphenylmethyl (trityl) cation, a stable and versatile carbocation, has emerged as a significant player in organic reactions. This short review provides an update on the use of trityl cations as organic Lewis acids, highlighting their role in various catalytic processes. We aim to offer a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and prospects of these ions. The continued exploration of trityl cations promises to enhance their role as a valuable tool in synthetic chemistry, offering efficient alternatives to traditional inorganic or metal-based catalysts.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Fluorinated Triphenylmethylium Acids3	Redox Behavior of Tritylium Salts4	Lewis Acids for Organocatalysis5	Catalysis of Multicomponent Syntheses6	Initiation of Carbenium- and Silylium-Centered Reactivity7	Polymer Synthesis8	Further Applications of Tritylium Salts9	Conclusion and Outlook
Beyond Hydrolysis: Scalable, On-Demand Dihydrogen Release from NaBH4 Enables Circular and Sustainable Process Design
Authors: Wessels Pier W. , Verhoef Caroline J. , Buß Florenz , Geiger Valentin , de Jong G. Bas , Wesselingh Tim , Germanacos Philip , Slootweg J. Chris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogen storage in its elemental form poses significant safety and economic challenges. Metal hydrides, particularly sodium borohydride, offer a promising alternative because of their superior safety profiles and enhanced transportability. This study presents a scalable hydrogen release system based on sodium borohydride and commercially available alcohols and acids. The system enables rapid, controlled hydrogen generation, achieving quantitative yields. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to propose a mechanism for the alcoholysis of NaBH4 with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and acid present. It was demonstrated that the reaction proceeds via isopropoxy-substituted borane derivatives BH(3−n)(O
i
Pr)
n
(for n = 0, 1, 2, 3), which can form Lewis acid–base adducts with IPA. These Lewis acid–base adducts serve as reaction complexes for σ-bond metathesis, upon which an equivalent of hydrogen gas is released. Notably, the spent fuel can be regenerated to sodium borohydride using established chemical reactions, ensuring the system's sustainability and applicability for larger-scale hydrogen production.
Medical School Curricular Changes and Their Impact on Mental Health during the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al Kassab Leen , Fozouni Laila , Reynolds Christopher , Pham Phuong , Dobiesz Valerie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives The main objectives were to identify and categorize the curricular changes that occurred in U.S. medical schools during the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the relationship between curricular changes and COVID-19 surges and student mental health.
Methods This Institutional Review Board-approved study consisted of a voluntary online survey of U.S. medical students. A convenience sample of students was reached through Facebook groups, medical student organizations, and administrators. The survey consisted of questions about demographics, curricular changes, and mental health. Univariate and backward stepwise multivariate linear regression were used to assess associations between mental health outcomes and demographic characteristics, curricular changes, and stressors.
Results Four-hundred and nine medical students completed the survey from 21 states between May 29, 2020, and August 29, 2020. Seventy-nine percent of respondents reported continuing their basic science curricula virtually. Forty-five percent reported that rotations continued virtually; those reported being offered virtually included internal medicine (77%), family medicine (78%), surgery (70%), obstetrics/gynecology (73%), pediatrics (74%), and psychiatry (76%). The majority of students reported that core clerkships (78%) and subinternships (86%) were not allowed, and away rotations were universally canceled. In univariate linear regression, having in-person subinternships and core clerkships allowed, as well as not relocating for coursework or residence (experienced by 35% of students), was associated with improved mental health outcomes, while experiencing graduation changes (15%) or being from the Southern region was associated with worse outcomes (p < 0.001).
Conclusion During the early COVID-19 pandemic, students reported that their medical schools adapted by converting to virtual platforms for basic science and core clerkships. Allowing in-person rotations and limiting relocation were associated with improved mental health outcomes among students. Limitations included sample size, selection bias, and student perceptions.
Assessing the Impact of USMLE Step 1 Going Pass-Fail: A Brief Review of the Performance Data
Authors: English Kevan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOn January 26, 2022, the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 exam transitioned to a pass-fail grading system instead of the conventional three-digit score. This move was intended to decrease the emphasis on Step 1 scores and facilitate a more holistic approach by programs in the residency selection process. However, since the implementation of the new grading system, we have seen a lower passing percentage among all medical students, including U.S. MDs, DOs, and international medical graduates. In this article, we assess the USMLE Step 1 performance data since the change in scoring and some factors that may have contributed to the lower passing rates among all medical students.