bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Run-and-Tumble Motion: The Role of Reversibility
Authors: van Ginkel Bart , van Gisbergen Bart , Redig Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study a model of active particles that perform a simple random walk and on top of that have a preferred direction determined by an internal state which is modelled by a stationary Markov process. First we calculate the limiting diffusion coefficient. Then we show that the ‘active part’ of the diffusion coefficient is in some sense maximal for reversible state processes. Further, we obtain a large deviations principle for the active particle in terms of the large deviations rate function of the empirical process corresponding to the state process. Again we show that the rate function and free energy function are (pointwise) optimal for reversible state processes. Finally, we show that in the case with two states, the Fourier–Laplace transform of the distribution, the moment generating function and the free energy function can be computed explicitly. Along the way we provide several examples.
MODES: model-based optimization on distributed embedded systems
Authors: Shi Junjie , Bian Jiang , Richter Jakob , Chen Kuan-Hsun , Rahnenführer Jörg , Xiong Haoyi , Chen Jian-Jia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe predictive performance of a machine learning model highly depends on the corresponding hyper-parameter setting. Hence, hyper-parameter tuning is often indispensable. Normally such tuning requires the dedicated machine learning model to be trained and evaluated on centralized data to obtain a performance estimate. However, in a distributed machine learning scenario, it is not always possible to collect all the data from all nodes due to privacy concerns or storage limitations. Moreover, if data has to be transferred through low bandwidth connections it reduces the time available for tuning. Model-Based Optimization (MBO) is one state-of-the-art method for tuning hyper-parameters but the application on distributed machine learning models or federated learning lacks research. This work proposes a framework$$\textit{MODES}$$MODESthat allows to deploy MBO on resource-constrained distributed embedded systems. Each node trains an individual model based on its local data. The goal is to optimize the combined prediction accuracy. The presented framework offers two optimization modes: (1)$$\textit{MODES}$$MODES-B considers the whole ensemble as a single black box and optimizes the hyper-parameters of each individual model jointly, and (2)$$\textit{MODES}$$MODES-I considers all models as clones of the same black box which allows it to efficiently parallelize the optimization in a distributed setting. We evaluate$$\textit{MODES}$$MODESby conducting experiments on the optimization for the hyper-parameters of a random forest and a multi-layer perceptron. The experimental results demonstrate that, with an improvement in terms of mean accuracy ($$\textit{MODES}$$MODES-B), run-time efficiency ($$\textit{MODES}$$MODES-I), and statistical stability for both modes,$$\textit{MODES}$$MODESoutperforms the baseline, i.e., carry out tuning with MBO on each node individually with its local sub-data set.
Cost–benefit analysis of flood mitigation measures: a case study employing high-performance hydraulic and damage modelling
Authors: Molinari Daniela , Dazzi Susanna , Gattai Edoardo , Minucci Guido , Pesaro Giulia , Radice Alessio , Vacondio Renato 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper shows a detailed, advanced procedure to implement cost–benefit analyses (CBAs) in order to assess the effectiveness of flood mitigation measures. The town of Lodi (North of Italy) has been selected as a case study for the research work, as it was hit by a large flood in 2002 for which several data are available. In order to compute the benefits, in terms of avoided damage with the mitigation measure in place, micro-scale damage models developed within the Flood-IMPAT + project were used. The great amount of input data for such models comes from results of a two-dimensional river modelling, for what concern the hazard parameters, and from open-source database, to evaluate the vulnerability and the exposure of the hit area. The research highlights that technological-advanced, high-performance hydraulic models allow taking into account a variety of hazard scenarios, with reasonable computational time, supporting the proper accounting of the probabilistic nature of risk in CBAs. Nonetheless, such high-resolution tools support the implementation of micro-scale damage assessment models, which can provide information on the distribution of benefits in the investigated area, increasing the effectiveness of CBAs for policy making.
Comparative phytochemistry of flavaglines (= rocaglamides), a group of highly bioactive flavolignans from Aglaia species (Meliaceae)
Authors: Greger Harald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFlavaglines are formed by cycloaddition of a flavonoid nucleus with a cinnamic acid moiety representing a typical chemical character of the genus Aglaia of the family Meliaceae. Based on biosynthetic considerations 148 derivatives are grouped together into three skeletal types representing 77 cyclopenta[b]benzofurans, 61 cyclopenta[bc]benzopyrans, and 10 benzo[b]oxepines. Apart from different hydroxy, methoxy, and methylenedioxy groups of the aromatic rings, important structural variation is created by different substitutions and stereochemistries of the central cyclopentane ring. Putrescine-derived bisamides constitute important building blocks occurring as cyclic 2-aminopyrrolidines or in an open-chained form, and are involved in the formation of pyrimidinone flavaglines. Regarding the central role of cinnamic acid in the formation of the basic skeleton, rocagloic acid represents a biosynthetic precursor from which aglafoline- and rocaglamide-type cyclopentabenzofurans can be derived, while those of the rocaglaol-type are the result of decarboxylation. Broad-based comparison revealed characteristic substitution trends which contribute as chemical markers to natural delimitation and grouping of taxonomically problematic Aglaia species. A wide variety of biological activities ranges from insecticidal, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anti-inflammatory properties, especially to pronounced anticancer and antiviral activities. The high insecticidal activity of flavaglines is comparable with that of the well-known natural insecticide azadirachtin. Comparative feeding experiments informed about structure–activity relationships and exhibited different substitutions of the cyclopentane ring essential for insecticidal activity. Parallel studies on the antiproliferative activity of flavaglines in various tumor cell lines revealed similar structural prerequisites that let expect corresponding molecular mechanisms. An important structural modification with very high cytotoxic potency was found in the benzofuran silvestrol characterized by an unusual dioxanyloxy subunit. It possessed comparable cytotoxicity to that of the natural anticancer compounds paclitaxel (Taxol®) and camptothecin without effecting normal cells. The primary effect was the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the translation initiation factor eIF4A, an ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicase. Flavaglines were also shown to bind to prohibitins (PHB) responsible for regulation of important signaling pathways, and to inhibit the transcriptional factor HSF1 deeply involved in metabolic programming, survival, and proliferation of cancer cells. Flavaglines were shown to be not only promising anticancer agents but gained now also high expectations as agents against emerging RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2. Targeting the helicase eIF4A with flavaglines was recently described as pan-viral strategy for minimizing the impact of future RNA virus pandemics.
Behavioral Economics and Parent Participation in an Evidence-Based Parenting Program at Scale
Authors: Hill Zoelene , Spiegel Michelle , Gennetian Lisa , Hamer Kai-Ama , Brotman Laurie , Dawson-McClure Spring 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvidence-based and culturally relevant parenting programs strengthen adults’ capacity to support children’s health and development. Optimizing parent participation in programs implemented at scale is a prevailing challenge. Our collaborative team of program developers, implementers, and researchers applied insights from the field of behavioral economics (BE) to support parent participation in ParentCorps—a family-centered program delivered as an enhancement to pre-kindergarten—as it scaled in a large urban school district. We designed a bundle of BE-infused parent outreach materials and successfully showed their feasibility in site-level randomized pilot implementation. The site-level study did not show a statistically significant impact on family attendance. A sub-study with a family-level randomization design showed that varying the delivery time of BE-infused digital outreach significantly increased the likelihood of families attending the parenting program. Lessons on the potential value of a BE-infused approach to support outreach and engagement in parenting programs are discussed in the context of scaling up efforts.
The no-free-lunch theorems of supervised learning
Authors: Sterkenburg Tom F. , Grünwald Peter D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe no-free-lunch theorems promote a skeptical conclusion that all possible machine learning algorithms equally lack justification. But how could this leave room for a learning theory, that shows that some algorithms are better than others? Drawing parallels to the philosophy of induction, we point out that the no-free-lunch results presuppose a conception of learning algorithms as purely data-driven. On this conception, every algorithm must have an inherent inductive bias, that wants justification. We argue that many standard learning algorithms should rather be understood as model-dependent: in each application they also require for input a model, representing a bias. Generic algorithms themselves, they can be given a model-relative justification.
Should a higher-order metaphysician believe in properties?
Authors: Liggins David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper I take second order-quantification to be asui generisform of quantification, irreducible to first-order quantification, and I examine the implications of doing so for the debate over the existence of properties. Nicholas K. Jones has argued that addingsui generissecond-order quantification to our ideology is enough to establish that properties exist. I argue that Jones does not settle the question of whether there are properties because—like other ontological questions—it is first-order. Then I examine three of the main arguments for the existence of properties. I conclude thatsui generissecond-order quantification defeats the “one over many” argument and that, coupled with second-order predication, it also defeats the reference and quantification arguments.
Blinded by worries: sin taxes and demand for temptation under financial worries
Authors: Burlacu Sergiu , Kažemekaitytė Austėja , Ronzani Piero , Savadori Lucia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImposing “sin” taxes has been the preferred way governments tried to discourage the over-consumption of temptation goods for decades. However numerous evidence shows that consumers exhibit behavioral biases which can affect their reaction to taxes. This paper investigates a potential bias and how it affects demand for temptation: financial worries associated with poverty have been shown to shift attention towards pressing needs, often at the expense of forward-looking decisions. In an online experiment with UK participants, we randomly induce financial worries and ask participants to allocate a budget between basic necessities and temptation goods in an experimental market. We randomly impose “taxes” on temptation by increasing its price. We find that, in the absence of any tax, inducing financial worries lowers demand for temptation, effect stronger for lower-income participants. However, when financial concerns are salient, increasing the tax does not lower demand among lower-income participants. While financial worries might protect against over-consumption of temptation in the absence of tax changes, they also might hurt the poor the most when additional taxes are introduced.
Stress Anisotropy Severely Affects Zinc Phosphate Network Formation
Authors: Sukhomlinov Sergey V. , Müser Martin H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using density-functional theory based simulations, we study how initially disconnected zinc phosphate molecules respond to different externally imposed deformations. Hybridization changes are observed in all cases, in which the coordination of zinc atoms changes irreversibly from tetrahedral to seesaw and square pyramidal, whereby the system stiffens substantially. The point at which stiff networks are formed does not only depend on the hydrostatic pressure. Stress anisotropy generally reduces the required hydrostatic network formation pressure. Moreover, networks obtained under isotropic deformations turn out stiffer, elastically more isotropic, and lower in energy after decompression than those produced under anisotropic stresses. We also find that the observed stress-memory effects are encoded to a significant degree in the arrangement of atoms in the second neighbor shell of the zinc atoms. These findings refine previously formulated conjectures of pressure-assisted cross-linking in zinc phosphate-based anti-wear films.

Graphical Abstract
Digging deeper into the immunopeptidome: characterization of post-translationally modified peptides presented by MHC I
Authors: Mangalaparthi Kiran K. , Madugundu Anil K. , Ryan Zachary C. , Garapati Kishore , Peterson Jane A. , Dey Gourav , Prakash Amol , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeptides presented by MHC molecules on the cell surface, or the immunopeptidome, play an important role in the adaptive arm of the immune response. Antigen processing for MHC class I molecules is a ubiquitous pathway present in all nucleated cells which generates and presents peptides of both self and non-self-origin. Peptides with post-translational modifications represent one category of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. However, owing to the complexity of self-peptides presented by cells, the diversity of peptides with post-translational modifications is not well-studied. In this study, we carried out MHC Class I immunopeptidomics analysis of Loucy T-cell leukemia and A375 malignant melanoma cell line to characterize the diversity of post-translational modifications of MHC class I-bound peptides. Using high resolution mass spectrometry, we identified 25,761 MHC-bound peptides across both cell lines using Bolt and Sequest search engines. The enrichment method was highly specific as ~ 90% of the peptides were of typical length (8–12 amino acids long) and the motifs were expected based on previously reported motifs for MHC I alleles. Among the MHC-bound peptides, we identified phosphorylation as a major post-translational modification followed by deamidation. We observed site-specific localization of these post-translational modifications, at position P4 for phosphorylated peptides and position P3 for deamidated peptides. We identified a smaller number of peptides with acetylated and methylated lysine, possibly due to very low stoichiometric levels of these PTMs compared to phosphorylation and deamidation. Using PEAKS de novo sequencing algorithm, we identified spliced peptides that accounted for ~ 5–7% of MHC-bound peptides that were otherwise similar in their features as normal MHC-bound peptides. We validated the identity of several post-translationally modified peptides and spliced peptides through mass spectrometric analysis of synthetic peptides. Our study confirms post-translationally modified peptides to be present at low stoichiometric levels along with unusual spliced peptides through unbiased identification using high resolution mass spectrometry.
Dietary selenium sources differentially regulate selenium concentration, mRNA and protein expression of representative selenoproteins in various tissues of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Xu Xiao-Jian , Zhang Dian-Guang , Zhao Tao , Xu Yi-Huan , Luo Zhi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study was conducted to determine the effects of three dietary Se sources, such as sodium-selenite (S-S), seleno-yeast (S-Y) and seleno-methionine (S-M), on Se concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and TXNRD activities, and mRNA expression of fifteen representative selenoproteins, and protein expression of four endoplasmic reticulum-resided selenoproteins in a wide range of tissues of yellow catfish. Compared with S-S and S-M groups, dietary S-Y significantly decreased growth performance and feed utilisation of yellow catfish. Dietary Se sources significantly influenced Se contents in the spleen, dorsal muscle and the kidney, GPX activities in spleen, kidney, intestine, muscle and mesenteric fat, and TXNRD activities in the heart, intestine and mesenteric fat. Among ten tested tissues, dietary Se sources influenced mRNA expression of GPX4 and SELENOK in three tissues; GPX3, SELENOS and TXNRD2 in four tissues; SELENOF, SELENON and DIO2 in five tissues; SELENOM, GPX1/2 and TXNRD3 in six tissues; SELENOW in seven tissue and SELENOP and SELENOT in eight tissues. Based on these observations above, S-S and S-M seem to be suitable Se sources for improving growth performance and feed utilisation of yellow catfish. Dietary Se sources differentially influence the expression of selenoproteins in various tissues of yellow catfish. For the first time, we determined the expression of selenoproteins in fish in responses to dietary Se sources, which contributes to a better understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of selenoporteins.
Disciplining the Rich: Tocqueville on Philanthropy and Privilege
Authors: Avramenko Richard , Wolf Brianne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article inquires into the moral successes and failings of the superrich in America. To do this, we turn to Alexis de Tocqueville who outlines a set of expectations for any privileged elite. Drawing from his Old Regime, Memoir on Pauperism, and Democracy in America, we argue that the superrich are obliged to a particular kind of charity, which we specify as philanthropy. To fulfill their philanthropic duties, the superrich must steadfastly attend to three obligations: maintaining their local communities, safeguarding local liberties, and providing moral leadership. In the conclusion, we suggest how the superrich might be disciplined unto this virtue.
Competition, cooperation, and adaptation: The organizational ecology of international organizations in global energy governance
Authors: Downie Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn policy domains characterised by complexity, international organizations (IOs) with overlapping mandates and governance functions regularly interact in ways that have important implications for global governance. Yet the dynamics of IO interactions remain understudied. This article breaks new ground by building on the theoretical insights of organizational ecology to examine IO competition, cooperation, and adaptation in the domain of energy. Drawing on original empirical data, I consider three related hypotheses: (1) competition between IOs in the same population is likely to centre on material resources; (2) IOs are more likely to cooperate when they have a shared governance goal; and (3) individual IOs can adapt by changing their goals and boundaries. In considering these hypotheses, this article highlights the limits of the organizational ecology approach and the need to broaden it to account for the possibility that IOs do cooperate, and that individual IOs, such as the International Energy Agency, have the capacity to adapt to changes in their environment.
Recording studios as museums? Record producers’ perspectives on German rock studios and accounts of their heritage practice
Authors: Herbst Jan-Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecording studios are shrouded in mystery. Some have become sites of pilgrimage; other studios have been converted into heritage museums. These practices are driven by city authorities, commercial heritage institutions or music fans. This interview study gives a voice to an understudied group: record producers and studio owners as the people in charge of popular music creation. Three German rock and metal producers expressed their opinion on the usefulness of studio museums and explained their own heritage practices. Their insights demystify the ‘magical aura’ associated with recording studios, picturing these spaces as places of pressure and anxiety. Hardly convinced of the technologically deterministic ‘magical contamination’ of technical equipment, the producers see little sense in studios as museums. For them, the released record is what counts. To stay in touch with the community and to keep the memory of their work alive, they prefer to use social media.
Media discourses and marketing strategies in the advertising of the pianola
Authors: González Jordi Roquer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a phenomenon of great social relevance between 1900 and 1930, the graphic advertising of the pianola must be considered as one of the first great mass media platforms linked to musical activity and, therefore, the analysis of its discourse offers valuable information about the social construction of the musical world during the first decades of the twentieth century. This article shows the results of an analysis of 200 historical advertisements through which it is possible to trace the origins of some of the current advertising rhetoric and also some of our current ideas about musical activity. In this way, the advertisements studied show some interesting links to the mindset and aesthetic and social conventions of the time but also show us to what degree these discourses are, to a large extent, still valid today.
Mechanical instruments and everyday life: the player piano in Portugal
Authors: Silva João 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines player pianos in Portugal between the 1890s and the 1930s. In a small European country with few production facilities, mechanical music developed in a particular way since a local recording industry was expanding rapidly and radio was not yet disseminated. Despite the local market's reliance on imported goods, the music business concentrated on Portuguese pieces. The mechanisation of the piano and its display as a product that embodied modernity illustrates the transformations that took place in Portugal at the beginning of the 20th century. These were reflected in new forms of entertainment, such as cinemas and nightclubs that incorporated new music genres. At the dawn of the century, the leisure market relied on the popular music theatre, which was dominated by Portuguese, French and Spanish music. In the interwar period, English and American pieces made their way into people's lives, transforming the music business.