bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidenzbasierte Ernährung bei zerebrovaskulären und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen
Authors: Deupmann A.-K. , Debus E. S. , Grundmann R. T. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung
Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche soll eine evidenzbasierte Ernährungsempfehlung zur Vorbeugung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen erarbeitet werden.

Methoden
Pubmed-Recherche bis Oktober 2019 zu nationalen und internationale Leitlinien, Metaanalysen, randomisierten Studien und Registerstudien der letzten 10 Jahre. Nur Veröffentlichungen, die den Einfluss der Ernährung auf den primären Studienendpunkt einer Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankung untersuchten, wurden berücksichtigt. Folgende Schlagwörter wurden für die Literaturrecherche verwendet: „diet“, „cardiovascular disease“, „nutrition“, „stroke“.

Ergebnisse
Ein vermehrter Verzehr von gesättigten Fettsäuren zeigte keinen Zusammenhang mit einem höheren Risiko für eine Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankung, trans-Fettsäuren sollten hingegen vermieden werden. Der Verzehr von pflanzlichen Fetten ist jenen tierischer Herkunft vorzuziehen. Eine Ernährung mit geringerem Kohlenhydratanteil ergab eine höhere Gesamtmortalität. Ein gesteigerter Verzehr von Ballaststoffen kann das Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) reduzieren und ist somit zu empfehlen. Der Verzehr von Obst und Gemüse reduziert signifikant das Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und KHK, das Gleiche gilt für den Verzehr von Nüssen. Für den Verzehr von rotem und verarbeitetem Fleisch lässt sich zwar mit ansteigendem Konsum eine Tendenz für eine Risikosteigerung für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen feststellen, jedoch ist die Evidenz hierzu gering. Ein moderater Konsum von Alkohol könnte das Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen minimieren, gesüßte Getränke in größeren Mengen erhöhen hingegen das Risiko. Die mediterrane Diät ist die anerkannteste Form der Ernährung zur Vorbeugung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Empfohlen wird auch die „Dietary-Approaches-to-Stop-Hypertension“(DASH)-Diät, besonders für Patienten mit erhöhtem Blutdruck. Die Evidenz der Aussagen für Letztere ist allerdings nur mäßig.

Folgerung
Die Inzidenz von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen könnte bei entsprechender Ernährung signifikant gesenkt werden.
Une Étude critique de Madame la présidente de Fatou Fanny-Cissé
Authors: Iloh Ngozi Obiajulum 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the Ivorian writer, Fatou Fanny-Cissé’s novel, Madame la présidente, published in 2015. The novel offers a fundamental critique of African democracy and the contemporary politics in Africa. The Republic of Louma is an imaginary country that show-cases electoral crises in an imaginary contemporary continent. The plot about a female dictator has a strong feminist inclination. The feminisation of presidential elections is a caricature of the dictatorial tendencies of African leaders. The themes discussed are true to contemporary political events in Africa as well as other parts of the world. The presentation reveals a lucid picture of feminine dictatorial politics.
Investigating Relationships Between Learning Environment Perceptions, Motivation and Self-Regulation for Female Science Students in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Aldridge Jill M , Rowntree Kate 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global lack of student motivation towards learning science and gender imbalance in STEM careers provided the impetus for this study, which had two key aims: (1) to examine the influence of female students’ perceptions of the psychosocial learning environment on their motivation towards and self-regulation in science learning,; and (2) to investigate the influence of their reported motivation on their self-regulation of effort. Data were collected from 338 female students in grades 6 to 9 science classes across 16 government schools in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the hypothesised relationships, which indicated that there were statistically significant relationships between learning environment perceptions, motivation and self-regulation. The results provide exigent information to both teachers, policy-makers and researchers with regard to the influences of the psychosocial learning environment on female students’ motivation towards science, as well as the influence of motivation towards science on their self-regulatory behaviour within science classroom settings.
Considerations about learning Word2Vec
Authors: Di Gennaro Giovanni , Buonanno Amedeo , Palmieri Francesco A. N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the large diffusion and use of embedding generated through Word2Vec, there are still many open questions about the reasons for its results and about its real capabilities. In particular, to our knowledge, no author seems to have analysed in detail how learning may be affected by the various choices of hyperparameters. In this work, we try to shed some light on various issues focusing on a typical dataset. It is shown that the learning rate prevents the exact mapping of the co-occurrence matrix, that Word2Vec is unable to learn syntactic relationships, and that it does not suffer from the problem of overfitting. Furthermore, through the creation of an ad-hoc network, it is also shown how it is possible to improve Word2Vec directly on the analogies, obtaining very high accuracy without damaging the pre-existing embedding. This analogy-enhanced Word2Vec may be convenient in various NLP scenarios, but it is used here as an optimal starting point to evaluate the limits of Word2Vec.
Quantifying trade-offs between ecological gains, economic costs, and landowners’ preferences in boreal mire protection
Authors: Nieminen Eini , Kareksela Santtu , Halme Panu , Kotiaho Janne Sakari 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrivate land often encompasses biodiversity features of high conservation value, but its protection is not straightforward. Commonly, landowners’ perspectives are rightfully allowed to influence conservation actions. This unlikely comes without consequences on biodiversity or other aspects such as economic considerations, but these consequences are rarely quantitatively considered in decision-making. In the context of boreal mire protection in Finland, we report how acknowledging landowners’ resistance to protection changes the combination of mires selected to conservation compared to ignoring landowners’ opinions. Using spatial prioritization, we quantify trade-offs arising between the amount of landowners’ resistance, protected biodiversity, and financial costs in different conservation scenarios. Results show that the trade-offs cannot be fully avoided. Nevertheless, we show that the systematic examination of the trade-offs opens up options to alleviate them. This can promote the evaluation of different conservation policy outcomes, enabling better-informed conservation decisions and more effective and socially sustainable allocation of conservation resources.
Novel Method of Evaluating Liver Transplant Surgery Fellows Using Objective Measures of Operative Efficiency and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Yu Jennifer , Vachharajani Neeta , Ahmed Ola , Scherer Meranda D. , Matson Sarah C. , Wellen Jason R. , Shenoy Surendra , Chapman William C. , Doyle Maria B. , Khan Adeel S. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
The majority of liver transplantations (LTs) in North America are performed by transplant surgery fellows with attending surgeon supervision. Although a strict case volume requirement is mandatory for graduating fellows, no guidelines exist on providing constructive feedback to trainees during fellowship.

STUDY DESIGN:
A retrospective review of all adult LTs performed by abdominal transplant surgery fellows at a single American Society of Transplant Surgeons-accredited academic institution from 2005 to 2019 was conducted. Data from the most recent 5 fellows were averaged to generate reference learning curves for 8 variables representing operative efficiency (ie total operative time, warm ischemia time, and cold ischemia time) and surgical outcomes (ie intraoperative blood loss, unplanned return to the operating room, biliary complication, vascular complication, and patient/graft loss). Data for newer fellows were plotted against the reference curves at 3-month intervals to provide an objective assessment measure.

RESULTS:
Three hundred and fifty-two adult LTs were performed by 5 fellows during the study period. Mean patient age was 56 years; 67% were male; and mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score at transplantation was 22. For the 8 primary variables, mean values included the following: total operative time 330 minutes, warm ischemia time 28 minutes, cold ischemia time 288 minutes, intraoperative blood loss 1.59 L, biliary complication 19.6%, unplanned return to operating room 19.3%, and vascular complication 2.3%. A structure for feedback to fellows was developed using a printed report card and through in-person meetings with faculty at 3-month intervals.

CONCLUSIONS:
Comparative feedback using institution-specific reference curves can provide valuable objective data on progression of individual fellows. It can aid in the timely identification of areas in need of improvement, which enhances the quality of training and has the potential to improve patient care and transplantation outcomes.
A recent change in the relation between women's income and childbirth: heterogeneous effects of work-family balance policy
Authors: Chung Min-Su , Lee Keunjae 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt has been widely perceived in South Korea that the rise in a woman's income is negative for her childbirth. This study tries to verify the hypothesis empirically because the Korean government initiated the basic plan for low fertility in 2006 and has constantly strengthened work–family balance policy since then. Our analysis using a household annual data over 18 years, 1999–2016, indicates that married women's economic power relates positively to childbirth for the period after 2006. We also find that the higher birth likelihood among top income quartile women is largely attributed to their better accessibility to maternity protection benefits. These findings imply that the government's efforts to support work–family balance have been successful to a certain extent. However, the benefits remain limited only to high-income women.
Designing a Multicenter Registry of COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Infections in Fars, Iran
Authors: Emami Amir , Akbari Ali , Javanmardi Fatemeh , Lotfi Mehrzad , Moghadami Mohsen , Sharifi Mehrdad , Bakhtiari Hamid , Falahati Farshad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:A year after the emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a new crisis in respiratory infections, there remain many uncertainties and unknowns about SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes, called coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although COVID-19 is known as a respiratory disease, some atypical manifestations have been seen, different from those seen in other types of viral respiratory infections. This paper aims to describe designing, launching, and implementing a data collection system for all respiratory diseases, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 from the onset of this pandemic.Method:The current registry is designed in compliance with the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, along with the declaration of Helsinki principles.Results:A respiratory disease registry, with an emphasis on COVID-19 and other co-infections, was developed. Data consisted of demographic, clinical, and supporting information about SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viral diseases.Conclusion:It is hoped that the current data registry will facilitate patient evaluation and improve the outcomes of cases of respiratory infection defined by a particular condition, disease, or exposure. Moreover, the registry can harmonize data about the treatment, outcomes, and well-being of patients who receive care over time, and identify best practices.
Adjunctive vitamin A and D for the glycaemic control in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xiong Ke , Wang Jinyu , Ma Aiguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin A, D and their interaction on the glycaemic control in patients with both diabetes and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis infection and its treatment induce hyperglycaemia and complicate the glycaemic control in patients with diabetes. A randomised controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted in a tuberculosis-specialised hospital in Qingdao, China. A total of 279 patients who have both diabetes and tuberculosis were included in this analysis. The patients received standard anti-tuberculosis treatment alone (control group), or together with a dose of vitamin A (600 μg RAE/d) or vitamin D (10 μg/d) or a combination of vitamin A (600 μg RAE/d) and vitamin D (10 μg/d) for 2 months. The effects of the intervention on fasting plasma glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were investigated by ANCOVA. The analysis was adjusted for baseline values, age, sex, smoking, drinking and antidiabetic treatment as covariates. No significant effect was observed for vitamin A and D supplementation on fasting plasma glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, BMI and related blood parameters. No interaction was observed between vitamin A and D supplementation for these endpoints. Vitamin A and D supplementation showed a null effect on the glycaemic control for patients with concurrent diabetes and tuberculosis. Future work should evaluate the effect of vitamin A and D supplementation on insulin-related indices for these patients and investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor genotypes.
Porpoise, punishment and partnership: the meaning of presenting and consuming a marine mammal in late medieval coastal Flanders
Authors: Dillen Kristiaan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLate medieval sources reveal an annual handover of a marine mammal between the council of the small coastal city of Blankenberge and the aldermen of Bruges. The reason for the transfer is not disclosed by the sources, and there is no consensus among historians as to the interpretation of this behaviour. This article explores the role of the presentation and consumption of a porpoise in the relationship between Blankenberge and the nearby medieval metropolis of Bruges. I argue that a porpoise supported the crucial, mutually beneficial ties of solidarity between two communities favouring their position and opportunities in the competitive maritime landscape.
Evaluating the implementation and impact of a healthier checkout programme at a regional convenience store chain
Authors: Baquero Barbara , Anderson Steeves Elizabeth , Polacsek Michele , De Marco Molly , Chapman Leah , Leone Lucia A , Simon Caitlin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To test the feasibility of implementing and evaluating a healthier checkout pilot study in a convenience store chain.Design:A quasi-experimental study was conducted comparing a 3-month ‘healthier checkouts’ intervention in ten convenience stores which stocked eight healthier items in the checkout space and ten comparison stores assigned to continue stocking their current checkout space product mix. All aspects of the intervention were implemented by the retailer. The research team conducted in-person fidelity checks to assess implementation. Sales data were collected from the retailer in order to compare mean baseline to intervention sales of the eight healthier items in intervention and comparison groups while controlling for overall store sales.Setting:Convenience store chain.Participants:Twenty convenience stores in New Hampshire.Results:The increases in sales of healthier items between the baseline and intervention periods among the intervention and comparison stores were not statistically significant; however, the overall pattern of the results showed promising changes that should be expanded on in future studies. Intervention fidelity checks indicated that results may have been attenuated by variability in intervention implementation.Conclusions:This study advances the evidence for effective promotion of healthier food purchases in the convenience store chain setting and adds to the current literature on retail checkout space interventions. Additional research is needed to confirm and expand these results.
A Political Profile of U.S. Pagans
Authors: Marchetti Kathleen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough prior research has explored the demographic characteristics, religious practices, and beliefs of modern Pagans, their political attitudes and actions have yet to be studied in depth. Further, most extant research is based on non-random samples of Pagans which calls into question the generalizability of prior findings. This article examines Pagans' political attitudes and behavior using a representative sample of Pagans in the United States drawn from the 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Study. Descriptive and multivariate analyses show that Pagan religious identity shapes political views and behavior despite the varied and decentralized nature of Paganism. Overall, Pagans are relatively liberal and supportive of issues common across Pagan traditions like the environment and LGBTQ rights. However, Pagans are somewhat less politically engaged than non-Pagans as evidenced by their lower levels of party identity and voter registration.
Evaluating efficacy of preemergence soybean herbicides using field treated soil in greenhouse bioassays
Authors: Ribeiro Victor H. V. , Oliveira Maxwel C. , Smith Daniel H. , Santos Jose B. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmid widespread occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds in the United States, the use of PRE herbicides and cover crops have resurged once again as important strategies for weed management in cropping systems. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the length of soil residual weed control from PRE soybean herbicides and the detrimental impact of these herbicides on cover crop species using field treated soil in greenhouse bioassays. Greenhouse bioassays were conducted using soil from field experiments conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Arlington and Lancaster, WI. PRE herbicides consisted of imazethapyr, chlorimuron-ethyl, and cloransulam-methyl (acetolactate synthase [ALS] inhibitors); metribuzin (photosystem II [PS II] inhibitor); sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, and saflufenacil (protoporphyrinogen oxidase [PPO] inhibitors); acetochlor, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone (very long-chain fatty acid [VLCFA] inhibitors); and a nontreated control. Greenhouse bioassays were conducted using soil (depth, 0 to 10 cm) sampled at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 d after treatment (DAT). Palmer amaranth and giant foxtail (weeds), and radish and cereal rye (cover crops) were used as bioindicators of herbicide levels in the soil. Bioassay results showed extended soil residual control of Palmer amaranth with sulfentrazone and pyroxasulfone; extended residual control of giant foxtail was observed with pyroxasulfone and S-metolachlor. Chlorimuron-ethyl and metribuzin were the most injurious herbicides to radish and cereal rye shortly after application, respectively, but minimal injury was observed from soil samples collected 50 DAT, indicating the use of PRE and fall-seeded cover crops in southern Wisconsin can be compatible. These results can support growers and practitioners with selection of effective PRE herbicides for Palmer amaranth and giant foxtail control and reduced impact on fall-seeded radish and cereal rye cover crops, altogether leading to more effective, diverse, and sustainable weed management programs.
Arctic Winter Temperature Variations Correlated With ENSO Are Dependent on Coincidental Sea Ice Changes
Authors: McCrystall Michelle R. , Screen James A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a well‐known modulator of global climate and is correlated with observed temperature variations over the Barents‐Kara Sea (BKS). However, the origins and causality of this observed correlation are unclear. Here, we show that historical climate model simulations, on average, fail to reproduce the observed ENSO‐BKS correlation. However, individual realizations do show a relationship as observed. We find that the internal variability of BKS sea ice is the main factor between realizations that reproduce the ENSO‐BKS correlation and those that do not. Furthermore, we find that atmospheric model simulations prescribed with observed sea ice variability reproduce the ENSO‐BKS correlation. We conclude that ENSO‐correlated winter BKS temperature variations are dependent on coincidental sea ice changes.
Seasonally Resolved Holocene Sea Ice Variability Inferred From South Pole Ice Core Chemistry
Authors: Winski Dominic A. , Osterberg Erich C. , Kreutz Karl J. , Ferris David G. , Cole‐Dai Jihong , Thundercloud Zayta , Huang Jiayue , Alexander Becky , Jaeglé Lyatt , Kennedy Joshua A. , Larrick Carleigh , Kahle Emma C. , Steig Eric J. , Jones Tyler R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVariability in sea ice is a critical climate feedback, yet the seasonal behavior of Southern Hemisphere sea ice and climate across multiple timescales remains unclear. Here, we develop a seasonally resolved Holocene sea salt record using major ion measurements of the South Pole Ice Core (SPC14). We combine the SPC14 data with the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model to demonstrate that the primary sea salt source switches seasonally from open water (summer) to sea ice (winter), with wintertime variations disproportionately responsible for the centennial to millennial scale structure in the record. We interpret increasing SPC14 and circum‐Antarctic Holocene sea salt concentrations, particularly between 8 and 10 ka, as reflecting a period of winter sea ice expansion. Between 5 and 6 ka, an anomalous drop in South Atlantic sector sea salt indicates a temporary sea ice reduction that may be coupled with Northern Hemisphere cooling and associated ocean circulation changes.
Heat Transfer Through the Wairakei‐Tauhara Geothermal System Quantified by Multi‐Channel Data Modeling
Authors: Ardid Alberto , Archer Rosalind , Bertrand Edward , Sepulveda Fabian , Tarits Pascal , Dempsey David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo obtain the fullest picture of geothermal systems, it is necessary to integrate different types of data, for example, surface electromagnetic surveys, lithology, geochemistry, and temperature logs. Here, by joint modeling a multichannel data set we quantify the spatial distribution of heat transfer through the hydrothermally altered, impermeable smectite layer that has developed atop the Wairakei‐Tauhara system, New Zealand. Our approach involves first constraining magnetotelluric inversion models with methylene blue analysis (an indicator of conductive clay) and mapping these onto temperature and lithology data from geothermal wells. Then, one‐dimensional models are fitted to the temperature data to estimate heat flux variations across the field. As a result, we have been able to map the primary seal that insulates the geothermal reservoir and estimate the heat flow of the system. The approach could be applied in geothermal provinces around the world with implications for sustainable resource management and our understanding of these magmatic systems.