bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Etco 2 on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane that Blunts the Adrenergic Response to Surgical Incision: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Trial
Authors: Wu Zhijie , Yu Junjie , Zhang Tianhua , Tan Hongying , Li Huiting , Xie Lan , Lin Wenqian , Shen Danping , Cao Longhui 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
CO2 has anesthetic potency and effectively influences the circulatory system. We investigated the effects of Etco
2 on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane that blunts the adrenergic response to surgical incision (MAC-BAR) in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric carcinoma.

METHODS:
Ninety patients undergoing radical gastric-carcinoma surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned into 3 groups. After intubation, the Etco
2 in group L (n = 30), group N (n = 30), and group H (n = 30) was adjusted to 25 mm Hg ≤ Etco
2 <30 mm Hg, 30 mm Hg ≤ Etco
2 < 40 mm Hg, and 40 mm Hg ≤ Etco
2 < 45 mm Hg, respectively, by changes in controlled ventilation. Hemodynamics and depth of anesthesia were observed before and after skin incision. The MAC-BAR of sevoflurane for each group was determined using an up-and-down sequential-allocation technique.

RESULTS:
To obtain 7 crossovers, 25, 26, and 26 patients were used in group L, group N, and group H, respectively. The MAC-BAR of sevoflurane using the up-and-down method for group H was significantly lower than that for group L (2.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.2–2.4] vs 2.9% [95% CI, 2.7–3.0]; difference, −0.6% [95% CI, −0.7 to −0.4], P < .001) and group N (2.3% [95% CI, 2.2–2.4] vs 2.8% [95% CI, 2.8–2.9]; difference, −0.5% [95% CI, −0.7 to −0.4], P < .001), while no significant difference was found between group L and group N (P = 1.000).

CONCLUSIONS:
Higher Etco
2 levels (Etco
2 values equal to 40 mm Hg or higher) can effectively decrease the MAC-BAR of sevoflurane in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric carcinoma.
Intensive Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: A National Review of the Service Status in Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Fitsum , Boru Yared , Tamiru Hailu Dhufera , Sultan Menbeu , Walelign Yenegeta , Demelash Azeb , Beane Abigail , Haniffa Rashan , Gebreyesus Alegnta , Moore Jolene 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
The burden of critical illness in low-income countries is high and expected to rise. This has implications for wider public health measures including maternal mortality, deaths from communicable diseases, and the global burden of disease related to injury. There is a paucity of data pertaining to the provision of critical care in low-income countries. This study provides a review of critical care services in Ethiopia.

METHODS:
Multicenter structured onsite surveys incorporating face-to-face interviews, narrative discussions, and on-site assessment were conducted at intensive care units (ICUs) in September 2020 to ascertain structure, organization, workforce, resources, and service capacity. The 12 recommended variables and classification criteria of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM) taskforce criteria were utilized to provide an overview of service and service classification.

RESULTS:
A total of 51 of 53 (96%) ICUs were included, representing 324 beds, for a population of 114 million; this corresponds to approximately 0.3 public ICU beds per 100,000 population. Services were concentrated in the capital Addis Ababa with 25% of bed capacity and 51% of critical care physicians. No ICU had piped oxygen. Only 33% (106) beds had all of the 3 basic recommended noninvasive monitoring devices (sphygmomanometer, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiography). There was limited capacity for ventilation (n = 189; 58%), invasive monitoring (n = 9; 3%), and renal dialysis (n = 4; 8%). Infection prevention and control strategies were lacking.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study highlights major deficiencies in quantity, distribution, organization, and provision of intensive care in Ethiopia. Improvement efforts led by the Ministry of Health with input from the acute care workforce are an urgent priority.
Biofidelic dynamic compression of human cortical spheroids reproduces neurotrauma phenotypes
Authors: Shoemaker Aaron R. , Jones Ian E. , Jeffris Kira D. , Gabrielli Gina , Togliatti Alyssa G. , Pichika Rajeswari , Martin Eric , Kiskinis Evangelos , Franz Colin K. , Finan John D. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Fundamental questions about patient heterogeneity and human-specific pathophysiology currently obstruct progress towards a therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Human in vitro models have the potential to address these questions. Three-dimensional spheroidal cell culture protocols for human-origin neural cells have several important advantages over their two-dimensional monolayer counterparts. Three-dimensional spheroidal cultures may mature more quickly, develop more biofidelic electrophysiological activity and/or reproduce some aspects of brain architecture. Here, we present the first human in vitro model of non-penetrating TBI employing three-dimensional spheroidal cultures. We used a custom-built device to traumatize these spheroids in a quantifiable, repeatable and biofidelic manner, and correlated the heterogeneous mechanical strain field with the injury phenotype. Trauma reduced cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and spontaneous synchronous electrophysiological activity in the spheroids. Electrophysiological deficits emerged at lower injury severities than changes in cell viability. Also, traumatized spheroids secreted lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of cell damage, and neurofilament light chain, a promising clinical biomarker of neurotrauma. These results demonstrate that three-dimensional human in vitro models can reproduce important phenotypes of neurotrauma in vitro.
Community-level influences on women’s experience of intimate partner violence and modern contraceptive use in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of nationally representative survey
Authors: Adedini Sunday A. , Adewole Ololade Grace , Oyinlola Funmilola F. , Fayehun Olufunke 
Published: November 2021

Background: Modern contraceptives (MC) are important strategies for reducing unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion and maternal mortality, but MC remains low at 18% in Nigeria. Similarly, while there is increasing prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria, its effects on contraceptive use remain unclear. This study examined the influence of IPV on MC use, while adjusting for individual- and community-level confounders. Methods : The study utilized 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data. We performed multilevel binary logistic regression analysis on 24,973 married women aged 15-49 49 (nested within 1,400 communities), who were sexually active and were not pregnant at the time of the survey. Results : Findings show that use of MC was higher among married women who reported experience of IPV than those without IPV exposure. After adjusting for individual-level and contextual factors, the odds of using MC was significantly higher among women who experienced any form of IPV (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21, p<0.005) compared to those who reported no IPV experience. Around one-quarter of the total variance in contraceptive use with respect to the different types of IPV could be explained at the community level. Conclusion : The study provides empirical evidence that there is signiﬁcant community effect on IPV exposure and women’s contraceptive uptake. Attention must therefore be given to the context-specific social and gender norms that affect women’s sexual and reproductive health in Nigeria.
The impact of virtual learning on Multimedia University student performance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Toong Tai Hen , Liyen Lim , Ping Liew Yee 
Published: November 2021

Background:The Covid-19 pandemic has imposed adaption to virtual learning for students and educators across all levels of education in the world. The effectiveness of virtual learning varies amongst age groups. It has been suggested that the adoption of virtual learning will continue to be implemented even after pandemic, particularly in higher education. Therefore, it is crucial to validate the effectiveness of a virtual learning approach among university students to ensure a smooth transition from a conventional education model to a hybrid education model. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the impact of virtual learning on students’ performance in a virtual classroom.Methods:We analysed survey data collected from undergraduate students at Multimedia University, Malaysia. Convenience sampling and self-administered online surveys were used to understand the impact of virtual learning. Multiple regression analysis was performed using SPSS softwareResults:A total of 210 first and second year degree and diploma students responded to the online surveys. Factors affecting virtual learning were segregated into three categories: virtual teaching techniques, technology issues, and environment distraction. Respondents stated that the critical factor that affect the effectiveness of virtual learning and impacts on students’ performance was the virtual teaching techniques employed by educators.Conclusions:This study concludedthat virtual teaching techniques have significant impact on students’ performance whereas technology issues and environment distraction do not significantly influence students’ performance during virtual learning. Although this study is limited to students from Multimedia University, it lays the groundwork for future research to involve students from other universities or other countries. A future study can address more factors that affect virtual learning and students’ performance, such as students’ attitude and motivation.
Determinants of maternal healthcare service utilisation among Indonesian mothers: A population-based study
Authors: Aji Ridwan Setyo , Efendi Ferry , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi , Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Chan Chong-Mei 
Published: November 2021

Background:In Indonesia, maternal health care services are widely available, aiming to improve health and survival among mothers. However, these services remain underutilised, and its determining factor was unknown. This study sought to identify determinant factors of maternal healthcare services utilisation among Indonesian mothers.Methods:This population-based cross-sectional study leveraged the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 12,033 mothers aged from 15 to 49 years who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the determinant factors.Results:Approximately 93.44% of the mothers had adequate antenatal care, 83.73% had a delivery at the healthcare facility, and 71.46% received postnatal care. The mother’s age and household wealth index were the typical determinants of all maternal healthcare services. Determinants of antenatal care visits were husband’s occupational status, the number of children, and access to the healthcare facility. Next, factors that drive mothers’ delivery at the healthcare facility were the mother’s education level, husband’s educational level, and residential area. The use of postnatal care was determined by the mother’s occupational status, husband’s educational level, number of children, wealth index, access to the healthcare facility, and residential area.Conclusions:Although there were differences in the determinant factors of three key maternal healthcare services, the mother’s age and household wealth index were the typical determinants of all maternal healthcare services utilisation. Providing a tailored programme aligned with these determinant factors may ensure that mothers can access and adequately utilise maternal healthcare services.
Rice husk and melaleuca biochar additions reduce soil CH4 and N2O emissions and increase soil organic matter and nutrient availability
Authors: Tran Sy Nam , Huynh Van Thao , Chiem Nguyen Huu , Nguyen Van Cong , Mitsunori Tarao 
Published: November 2021

Background: Biochar is a promising material in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from paddy fields due to its remarkable structural properties. Rice husk biochar (RhB) and melaleuca biochar (MB) are amendment materials that could be used to potentially reduce emissions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, their effects on CH4 and N2O emissions and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: We conducted a field experiment using biochar additions to the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). Five treatments comprising 0 t ha-1 (CT0); 5 t ha-1 (RhB5) and 10 t ha-1 (RhB10), and 5 t ha-1 (MB5) and 10 t ha-1 (MB10) were designed plot-by-plot (20 m2) in triplicates. Results: The results showed that biochar application from 5 to 10 t ha-1 significantly decreased cumulative CH4 (24.2 – 28.0%, RhB; 22.0 – 14.1%, MB) and N2O (25.6 – 41.0%, RhB; 38.4 – 56.4%, MB) fluxes without a reduction in grain yield. Increasing the biochar application rate further did not decrease significantly total CH4 and N2O fluxes but was seen to significantly reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scale GWP in the RhB treatments. Biochar application improved soil Eh but had no effects on soil pH. Whereas CH4 flux correlated negatively with soil Eh (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.552, RhB; P < 0.001; r2 = 0.502, MB). The soil physicochemical properties of bulk density, porosity, organic matter, and anaerobically mineralized N were significantly improved in biochar-amended treatments, while available P also slightly increased. Conclusions: Biochar supplementation significantly reduced CH4 and N2O fluxes and improved soil mineralization and physiochemical properties toward beneficial for rice plant. The results suggest that the optimal combination of biochar-application rates and effective water-irrigation techniques for soil types in the MD should be further studied in future works.
The development of the rehabilitation community transition support team as a response to COVID-19
Authors: Fenton Kelly , Kidd Katherine , Kingman Rachel , Le-Butt Sara , Gray Michelle 
Published: November 2021

Background/aims The rehabilitation community transition support team was created as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in faster discharges from the inpatient rehabilitation service. The aim of this evaluation was to explore the perspectives of staff and patients on their experience of the rehabilitation community transition support team. Methods Staff and patients in the new team were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Staff interviews generated seven main themes: positive staff experiences; defining the ‘team’; mode of working; link role for the team; technology; relationships with patients; and support from colleagues. The patient analysis generated five themes: positive experiences of the rehabilitation community transition support team; relationship with rehabilitation community transition support team worker; mode of working; handling the hurdles of discharge; and defining the ‘team’. There were crossovers of staff and patient themes, particularly surrounding around face-to-face visits, defining the team and relationships. Patients indicated that contact with the community team helped them to overcome both practical and emotional hurdles of discharge. Conclusions The presence of a team supporting the transition from hospital to a community setting may be helpful for people who have been discharged.
Comparative Non-Darcian Modeling of Subsurface Preferential Flow Experimental Observations in a Riparian Buffer
Authors: Orozco-López Enrique , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael 
Published: November 2021

HighlightsHigh ecohydrological activity drives macropore prevalence in riparian buffers.An abundance of macropore flow (MF) was confirmed in a field riparian buffer in Kenya.Source-response (SR) and multilayer kinematic diffusive wave (MKDW) MF models are compared.A novel MKDW modeling framework efficiently identifies and predicts preferential flow in riparian buffers.Abstract. The significant ecohydrological activity typical of riparian buffers makes them potential hotspots of macropores, i.e., structured preferential flow pathways, through the soil vadose zone. The prevalence of these preferential pathways can allow transported contaminants to bypass the soil matrix and quickly reach a seasonal shallow water table and the adjacent surface waterbody. This quick transport can ultimately limit the role of riparian buffers for runoff pollution control. Currently, there are no management tools that incorporate macropore flow (MF) when assessing riparian buffer performance. The objective of this study was to experimentally quantify and mathematically simulate macropore flow and arrival time in a riparian buffer under field conditions. Three infiltration experiments were conducted with a grid of 20 time-domain transmission (TDT) dielectric soil moisture sensors along a field riparian buffer transect in Kenya to quantify the presence of macropore flow and to test two non-Darcian soil MF models, including the source-responsive (SR) model and the modified kinematic-dispersive wave (MKDW) model developed in this study, by adding a user-defined multilayer convection scheme and a new hysteresis function between water flux and content. The abundance of MF in the riparian buffer was corroborated experimentally. Modeling results showed that the MKDW model was an efficient (average NSE of 0.937 and 0.721 for calibration and testing, respectively), flexible, and robust method to identify and represent non-linear and non-sequential MF signals at any soil depth and antecedent conditions. The SR model was computationally inexpensive and provided good calibration results (NSE = 0.867) but required piecemeal recalibration of the travel time and maximum water content at each layer and yielded lower performance in testing. The Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria showed that MKDW outperformed SR when accounting for the trade-off between model complexity and efficiency. The results support further research focused on independent characterization of model parameters at the field scale, and the inclusion of MKDW in holistic riparian buffer management and decision-support tools such as VFSmod. Keywords: Kinematic-dispersive wave, Macropore flow, Numerical modeling, Preferential flow, Riparian vadose zone.
Near unity transmission and full phase control with asymmetric Huygens’ dielectric metasurfaces for holographic projections
Authors: Liang Xinan , Yu Yefeng , Xu Xuewu , Fu Yuan Hsing , Valuckas Vytautas , Paniagua-Dominguez Ramon , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. 
Published: November 2021

Huygens’ metasurfaces are transparent arrays of nanostructures that enable phase-front manipulation. This is achieved by simultaneous excitation of electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) resonances with equal amplitudes and phases in the constituent meta-atoms. In usual designs, the size changes of the meta-atoms, necessary to map the phase front, can detune the overlapping of ED and MD resonances, decreasing the transmission and limiting the operating bandwidth. In this report, we demonstrate that ED and MD resonances can be almost perfectly tuned together over a large wavelength range, keeping their spectral overlap, in a silicon metasurface by using anisotropic meta-atoms. In particular, we show near-unity transmission (

>

95

%

in simulations) and

2

π

phase control in a wavelength range from 760 to 815 nm using cuboidal nanoantennas. Using this concept, we also experimentally demonstrate clear reconstruction from holograms of a single metasurface spanning the near infrared and the whole visible spectral range.
Fast responsive 2D/3D switchable display using a liquid crystal microlens array
Authors: Tian Li-Lan , Chu Fan , Zhao Wu-Xiang , Li Lei , Wang Qiong-Hua 
Published: November 2021

A fast responsive two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) switchable display is demonstrated based on an active liquid crystal (LC) microlens array and a twisted nematic (TN) cell. Compared with the traditional LC microlens array, the fabricated LC microlens array has more ideal phase profile and better focusing effect. The TN cell can switch the polarization direction of the incident light with a very short switching time (4.3 ms) and a small driving voltage (

5

V

r
m
s

). By introducing the tilted elemental image arrays and tilted LC lens array, the moiré patterns are eliminated. The fast switching of the 2D/3D display can be realized by applying or removing voltage to the TN cell. The fast responsive 2D/3D switchable display with the LC microlens array and the TN cell is thin and compact without moiré pattern compared with other 2D/3D switchable display devices.
Impact of Intergenerational Patterns on Coaching Effectiveness
Authors: Schlüter Jan H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis exploratory study examined the influence of intergenerational family patterns and transgenerational transmissions on coaching effectiveness. It specifically focused on the potential impact of coaches’ intergenerational patterns on their countertransference risks and development of coaching resources. Fifteen executive coaches were socioanalytically interviewed with a focused genogram and a self-as-instrument approach to understand the impact of intergenerational patterns and underlying family dynamics on coaching effectiveness. Results indicated a relationship between these factors and coaching effectiveness. This was especially the case with regard to the development of functional and adaptive coping behaviour rather than transmitting dysfunctional, maladaptive behaviour only. Analysing and debriefing live coaching situations with a focus on potential countertransference reactions would further validate these findings in future research. Given the results of this study, it seems essential to integrate the reflection of intergenerational patterns and related countertransference risks into the training and supervision of coaches.
Maternal methylmercury exposure changes the proteomic profile of the offspring’s salivary glands: Prospects on translational toxicology
Authors: Cunha Nascimento Priscila , Alana Bragança Aragão Walessa , Oliveira Bittencourt Leonardo , Dionizio Aline , A. R. Buzalaf Marilia , Crespo-Lopez Maria Elena , Lima Rafael Rodrigues 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMethylmercury (MeHg) remains a public health issue since developing organisms are particularly vulnerable to this environmental contaminant. This study investigated the effect of maternal MeHg exposure on the modulation of proteomic profile of parotid (PA), submandibular (SM), and sublingual (SL) glands of offspring rats.Materials and methodsPregnant Wistar rats were daily exposed to 40 μg/kg MeHg during both gestational and lactation periods. The proteomic profiles of the major salivary glands of the offspring rats were analyzed through mass spectrometry.ResultsThe offspring rats exposed to MeHg showed significant alterations in the proteomic profiles of the PA, SM, and SL glands. Altered proteins were associated with cytoskeleton components, tissue morphogenesis, and response to stimulus and stress.ConclusionThis original study showed that maternal MeHg exposure significantly modulates the expression of proteins and induces alterations in the proteomic profiles of developing salivary glands.