bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histology and structure of the testicles in three species of Atelopus frogs (Anura: Bufonidae) endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Ferreira Arantxa , Rincón-Barón Edgar J. , Rueda-Solano Luis A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Testicular histology constitutes one of the least explored aspects in frogs of the genus Atelopus. This taxonomic group shows an alarming population decline; therefore, its reproductive biology is one of the greatest topics of interest for its conservation. Objective: To describe the testicular morphology and the spermatogenetic lineage cells in adult males of Atelopus laetissimus, Atelopus nahumae, and Atelopus carrikeri in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Methods: During June – July 2017 and 2018, sampling was conducted in the localities of San Lorenzo and Páramo Cebolletas, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), to collect 15 adult males, 5 per species. Testes samples were fixed in Bouin to be processed by the standard paraffin-embedding technique. Histological sections (3 mμ) were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory-Heidenhain-Azan-Gomori's. For the description and photographic register of the germ cells, the photonic microscopy technique was used with the differential interference contrast system. Results: The testes are oval organs, compact, light yellow color, and with little vascularization. Externally, they are surrounded by a thin albuginea tunic constituted by regular dense connective tissue. Inside this layer, they are composed of numerous seminiferous tubules of hexagonal contour, in which germ cell cysts are distinguished at different stages of spermatogenesis (spermatogonia I and II, spermatocyte I and II, and early and late spermatids) and spermiogenesis (spermatozoa in fascicles and free spermatozoa). Separating the seminiferous structures is the interstitial tissue in which Leydig cells and blood vessels stand out. Additionally, in the cranial part of the testis, the Bidder's organ was found, formed by two distinguishable regions, the cortex and the medulla. In the cortex, there are previtellogénic oocytes of different sizes surrounded by a monolayer of flat follicular cells. For its part, the medullary region is the connective tissue that nourishes the oocytes and is constituted by blood capillaries. Conclusions: The gonads of the three species analyzed present a cystic cellular organization similar to other anurans, where all stages of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis were identified, possibly indicating a continuous reproductive activity. Likewise, the Bidder’s organ is reported for the first time in the three Atelopus species, which allows suggesting a possible sexual reversion in case of a population decrease of females as a reproductive strategy.
Ant diversity sampling in the Brazilian Amazon: a comparison of litter collection and pitfall trapping
Authors: Da Silva Wully B. , Cajaiba Reinaldo L. , Périco Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Ants in tropical forests are a hyper-diverse group that plays important ecological roles. Several studies on tropical forests have used different sampling protocols to capture soil ants, making it difficult to compare responses and patterns of diversity between studies. Thus, research that compares different well-structured and standardized sampling methodologies to adequately estimate the richness of ant species in tropical forests is necessary. Objective: In this study, we examined the combination of catches with pitfall traps with and without baits and litter collections for soil ant sampling. Methods: In the fall traps, we use two baited (sardines and bananas) and one non-baited. For the manual collections (litter sampling), the litter and only the topsoil of the loose soil were collected. Results: We found that traps containing sardine baits collected a greater abundance of ants, whereas non-baited traps collected a greater richness of ant species. On the other hand, litter collections captured the largest number of exclusive species, presenting a different species composition from the pitfall traps (with and without baits). In general, baited traps showed greater abundance in more degraded locations, while manual collections and unbaited pitfalls captured more individuals in preserved environments. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that, for accurate sampling of soil ant assemblages in tropical forests, the use of different methodologies is necessary to capture a greater diversity of species because the methods differ in effectiveness according to habitat.
Effectiveness of aerial wildlife crossings: Do wildlife use rope bridges more than hazardous structures to cross roads?
Authors: Laidlaw Katra , Broadbent Eben , Eby Stephanie 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Although wildlife crossing structures have proven successful at reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions and linking fragmented habitat, their ability to prevent electrocutions of arboreal wildlife has not been closely examined. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aerial rope bridges in restoring habitat connectivity for arboreal species in Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica, while preventing electrocutions by determining 1) what species are using the rope bridges and 2) whether wildlife prefer to use rope bridges instead of other hazardous structures that cross the roads (such as telephone cables, which are often in close proximity to electric wires). Methods: From January to May 2016, nine rope bridges along the highly-trafficked main road that extends from Quepos to Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica, were monitored using camera traps, and ten rope bridges were observed directly along a paved side road off the main road. Results: A total of 11 species were seen using the bridges, and 1 540 crossings were witnessed via camera traps and observations (1 234 via camera traps, 306 during observations). Results from a paired t-test showed no significant difference in the average number of individuals crossing the road via rope bridges versus telephone cables (t(8) = 1.027, P = 0.334). Conclusions: Rope bridges are used by a variety of arboreal wildlife species with a high degree of frequency; however, due to the equally high usage of telephone cables by arboreal wildlife, they are insufficient to prevent wildlife electrocutions on their own. Rope bridges should be installed in tandem with other methods to prevent electrocutions, such as insulating electric wires, to facilitate the safe passage of wildlife over roads.
The 2019–2020 Southwest Puerto Rico Earthquake Sequence: Seismicity and Faulting
Authors: Vičič Blaž , Momeni Seyyedmaalek , Borghi Alessandra , Lomax Anthony , Aoudia Abdelkrim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe 2019–2020 Southwest Puerto Rico earthquake sequence ruptured multiple faults with several moderate magnitude earthquakes. Here, we investigate the seismotectonics of this fault system using high-precision hypocenter relocation and inversion of the near-field strong motions of the five largest events in the sequence (5.6≤Mw≤6.4) for kinematic rupture models. The Mw 6.4 mainshock occurred on a northeast-striking, southeast-dipping normal fault. The rupture nucleated offshore ∼15 km southeast of Indios at the depth of 8.6 km and extended southwest–northeast and up-dip with an average speed of 1.55 km/s, reaching the seafloor and shoreline after about 8 s. The 6 January 2020 (10:32:23) Mw 5.7 and the 7 January 2020 (11:18:46) Mw 5.8 events occurred on two east–southeast-striking, near-vertical, left-lateral strike-slip faults. However, the 7 January 2020 (08:34:05) Mw 5.6 normal-faulting aftershock, which occurred only 10 min after the Mw 6.4 normal-faulting mainshock, ruptured on a fault with almost the same strike as the mainshock but situated ∼8 km farther east, forming a set of parallel faults in the fault system. On 11 January 2020, an Mw 6.0 earthquake occurred on a north–northeast-striking, westing-dipping fault, orthogonal to the faults hosting the strike-slip earthquakes. We apply template matching for the detection of missed, small-magnitude earthquakes to study the spatial evolution of the main part of the sequence. Using the template-matching results along with Global Positioning System analysis, we image the temporal evolution of a foreshock sequence (Caja swarm). We propose that the swarm and the main sequence were a response to a tectonic transient that most affected the whole Puerto Rico Island.
Equity Investments, Bond Investments and Financial Performance of Collective Investment Schemes in Kenya
Authors: Nzilani Muema Jacinta , Omagwa Job , Wamugo Lucy 
Published: October 2021

The collective investment schemes in Kenya have witnessed increased volatility in their earnings, resulting in irregular growth in the industry. This necessitates the need to understand the factors contributing to poor financial returns from collective investment schemes. Hence this study sought to investigate the effect of equity investments and bond investments on Kenyan CIS’s performance. The specific objectives were: To assess the effect of equity investments, bond investments on financial performance of collective investment schemes in Kenya. The study was anchored on: modern portfolio theory and the efficient market hypothesis. The positivism philosophy was applied, with the firms adopting an explanatory research design. The target population was 17 Collective Investment Schemes registered by the Capital Markets Authority and were operational in the period 2010 to 2018. Secondary data was sought from the Capital Markets Authority Annual reports and from the respective websites of the CIS’. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and panel regression analysis. Hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. Findings indicate that equity investment, bond investments have an insignificant effect on CIS’ return on assets. Further, equity investments had a positive and significant effect on liquidity whereas bond investments had an insignificant effect on liquidity. The study recommends that CISs actively revise their equity investments and bond investments to stimulate financial returns.
Apresentação
Authors: Santos Silva Elson , Venâncio Ramos Júnior Dernival , Gomes Costa Ana Clara , Eschenhagen María Luisa , Barbosa de Lima Ricardo , De Fátima Machado Vilma 
Published: October 2021

A demonstração de que, para cada imposição vertical, emergem convivências criativas e emancipatórias garantirão, às bases que cimentam identidades, a capacidade de se reinventarem, de forma igualmente sofisticada. Convidamos a este exercício de desobediência epistêmica, apropriando-se das brechas nas validações do conhecimento ocidental para que novas narrativas, perspectivas e cosmovisões possam ser conhecidas. Para que possam, afinal, co-inspirar (MATURANA, 2002) caminhos e soluções, intentamos: a criação de uma rede de insurgência contra-hegemônica, que, por tantos embates, especializa-se em reconhecer as efemeridades das tentações, a perenidade do que continua e a estabilidade dos saberes locais atentos às suas conexões, sem grau de apropriação, mas de integração.
Pressupomos, portanto, alimentar envolvimentos em detrimento de des-envolvimentos (SILVA CARVALHO; RAMOS JÚNIOR, 2017). O objetivo é de dispor e trocar lugares de afetividades que se manifestam como fés, curiosidades e, fundamentalmente, promover a ação política que pode ensinar o envolvimento integrado, as respostas e alternativas ao Desenvolvimento.
MULHER RURAL:
Authors: Cunha Pereira Mariana , Araújo Moreira Claudia 
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos reflexões sobre a mulher trabalhadora rural do centro oeste brasileiro a partir da experiência vivida no projeto intitulado: Projeto Trabalhadoras rurais: geração de trabalho e renda em processos de desenvolvimento agroecológico[1]. Tais reflexões se estendem aos processos produtivos, a legislação que ampara a mulher do campo e os planejamentos de políticas públicas no Brasil, bem como as representações que criam de si. O artigo se fundamenta na antropologia, sociologia e na história, bem como em dados empíricos registrados pela observação participante nas oficinas ministradas.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Mulher Rural, Processos Produtivos, Identidade e Relações de Gênero
KINNEYIA-TYPE WRINKLE STRUCTURES ON SANDSTONE BEDS: NOT MICROBIALLY INDUCED BUT DEFORMATION FEATURES CAUSED BY SYNSEDIMENTARY EARTHQUAKES
Authors: PRATT BRIAN R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
A category of wrinkle structures, often termed Kinneyia structure or Runzel marks, comprises bedding plane features consisting typically of anastomosing, low-relief, flat-topped ridges with intervening depressions. Topographic relief is usually less than a millimeter. They are locally common on the upper surfaces of fine- to medium-grained sandstone beds interbedded with mudstone deposited in offshore settings, especially in Precambrian and lower Paleozoic strata but as young as Cretaceous. For more than the last two decades these wrinkle structures have been widely regarded as due to microbial mats, and have been taken as evidence for dominance in the Proterozoic of microbially stabilized sediment and, in the Phanerozoic, a matground marine benthic ecology which gradually gave way to a mixground ecology. The detailed morphology and cross-cutting relationships demonstrated by a range of specimens of Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Silurian age, however, cast this interpretation into doubt. The relationship between the wrinkled surface and bioclasts such as shells and both prior- and later-formed scour surfaces, and horizontal and vertical burrows show that these wrinkles did not develop due to the surface topography of microbial mats or compaction of microbial mats during burial, but instead formed at the top of a sand bed at the interface with an overlying layer of mud. Deformation is ascribed to vibration from low-magnitude earthquakes. The presence in some units of small-scale sedimentary dikelets and crack arrays that formed later after some stiffening, along with locally associated seismites and other evidence for nearby faulting, show that syndepositional tectonic activity was not unexpected and support the interpretation that this category of wrinkle structures is a type of seismite.
Post-buckling behaviors of thin-film soft-substrate bilayers with finite-thickness substrate
Authors: Li Meng , Sun Bohua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surface buckling behaviors of thin-film soft-substrate bilayers have important research value. Recent research has focused on bilayers with infinite-thickness substrates. However, bilayers with finite-thickness substrates widely exist. To study this problem more comprehensively, we extended the stability theory of a beam on an elastic foundation to bilayers and then established a finite element method of bilayers using the neo-Hookean hyperelastic constitutive model. A self-contact analysis method was coupled to the finite element method so that the further buckling evolution of the film surface after folding could be simulated. Based on our analysis of various modulus ratios and thickness ratios, the evolution of the buckling path was significantly influenced by the thickness ratio. Without considering the situation of a prestressed substrate, four new buckling paths were found. Thus, we extended the single buckling path (under infinite thickness substrate) to five types. Our study also found that for path four, the substrate with a certain thickness exhibited a special final stable surface morphology. That is, regardless of the friction, a new periodic morphology after film folding appeared due to the contact slip of the film surface. Finally, further analysis showed that these five buckling paths were all dependent on different modulus ratios and thickness ratios.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Active Surveillance for Asymptomatic, Skull-Based Meningiomas: An International, Multicenter Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Mantziaris Georgios , Pikis Stylianos , Samanci Yavuz , Peker Selcuk , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Reda Wael A. , Tawadros Sameh R. , El-Shehaby Amr M.N. , Abdelkarim Khaled , Emad Reem M. , Delabar Violaine , Mathieu David , Lee Cheng-chia , Yang Huai-che , Liscak Roman , Hanuska Jaromir , Alvarez Roberto Martinez , Moreno Nuria Martinez , Tripathi Manjul , Speckter Herwin , Albert Camilo , Benveniste Ronald J , Bowden Greg N , Patel Dev N , Kondziolka Douglas , Bernstein Kenneth , Lunsford Dade L. , Jenkinson Michael D. , Islim Abdurrahman I. , Sheehan Jason P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: The optimal management of asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas is not well defined. The aim of this study is to compare the imaging and clinical outcomes of patients with asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas managed either with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or active surveillance.Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study involved patients with asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas. The study end-points included local tumor control and the development of new neurological deficits attributable to the tumor. Factors associated with tumor progression and neurological morbidity were also analyzed.Results: The combined unmatched cohort included 417 patients. Following propensity score matching for age, tumor volume, and follow-up 110 patients remained in each cohort. Tumor control was achieved in 98.2% and 61.8% of the SRS and active surveillance cohorts, respectively. SRS was associated with superior local tumor control (p<0.001, HR=0.01, 95% CI=0.002-0.13) compared to active surveillance. Three patients (2.7%) in the SRS cohort and six (5.5%) in the active surveillance cohort exhibited neurological deterioration. One (0.9 %) patient in the SRS-treated and 11 (10%) patients in the active surveillance cohort required surgical management of their meningioma during follow-up.Conclusions: SRS is associated with superior local control of asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas as compared to active surveillance and does so with low morbidity rates. Active surveillance with regular neuroimaging studies does not always detect tumor growth before symptomatic progression. SRS should be considered as an alternative to active surveillance at diagnosis of an asymptomatic skull base meningioma. If active surveillance is initially chosen, SRS should be recommended when tumor growth from the original presenting volume is noted during follow-up.
Structural Connectivity in Ventral Language Pathways Characterizes Nonverbal Autism
Authors: Olivé Guillem , Slušná Dominika , Vaquero Lucía , Muchart-López Jordi , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni , Hinzen Wolfram 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves a large variety of language capacities, from normal scores on standardized language tests to absence of functional language in a substantial minority of 30% of individuals with ASD. Due to practical difficulties of scanning at this severe end of the autism spectrum, insights from MRI are scarce. Here we used manual deterministic tractography to investigate, for the first time, the integrity of the core white matter tracts defining the language connectivity network in nonverbal ASD (nvASD): the arcuate (AF), inferior fronto-occipital (IFOF), inferior longitudinal (ILF) and uncinate (UF) fasciculi, and the frontal aslant tract (FAT). A multiple case series of nine individuals with nvASD were compared to normative benchmarks from matched individuals with verbal ASD (vASD) and typical development (TD). Bonferroni-corrected repeated measure ANOVAs were performed separately for each tract –Hemisphere (2:Left/Right) x Group (3:TD/vASD/nvASD). Results revealed (i) a main effect of group consisting in a reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the IFOF in nvASD relative to TD; (ii) a significant interaction of hemisphere and group in the UF, which showed reduced volume in the left hemisphere when compared to the right, in the vASD group only; and (iii) main effects of hemisphere in both the AF (left-lateralized in volume) and the ILF (left-lateralized in FA). These results do not replicate deficits of the dorsal language route previously observed in nvASD, and instead point to a disruption of the ventral language pathway, which is in line with semantic deficits observed behaviourally in this group.
Image-Matching Digital Macro-Slide—A Novel Pathological Examination Method For Microvascular Invasion Detection In Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Hong-Ming , Wang Kang , Feng Jin-Kai , Lu Lei , Qin Yu-Chen , Cheng Yu-Qiang , Guo Wei-Xing , Shi Jie , Cong Wen-Ming , Lau Wan Yee , Dong Hui , Cheng Shu-Qun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a prominent risk factor of postoperative recurrence for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The MVI detection rate of conventional pathological examination approaches is relatively low and unsatisfactory.Methods: By integrating pathological macro-slide with whole-mount slide imaging, we first created a novel pathological examination method called image-matching digital macro-slide (IDS). Surgical samples from eligible patients were collected to make IDS. The MVI detection rates, tumor recurrence rates and recurrence-free survival were compared among conventional 3-Point and 7-Point baseline sampling protocols and IDS. Additionally, biomarkers to recognize MVI false negative patients were probed via combining conventional pathological sampling protocols and IDS. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to obtain the optimal cutoff of biomarkers to distinguish MVI false negative status.Results: The MVI detection rates were 21.98%, 32.97% and 63.74%, respectively, in 3-Point, 7-Point baseline sampling protocols and IDS (P< 0.001). Tumor recurrence rate of patients with MVI negative status in IDS (6.06%) was relatively lower than that of patients with MVI negative status in 3-Point (16.90%) and 7-Point (16.39%) sampling protocols. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) was selected as potential biomarkers to distinguish MVI false negative patients.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that IDS can help enhance the detection rate of MVI in HCC and refine the prediction of HCC prognosis. Alpha-fetoprotein is identified as a suitable and robust biomarker to recognize MVI false-negative patients in conventional pathological protocols.