bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Density on Consolidation and Creep Parameters of Clay
Authors: Alhaji Mustapha Mohammed , Alhassan Musa , Adejumo Taiye Waheed , Jibrin Ramatu 
Published: March 2021

Effect of density on consolidation and creep parameters of a clay soil was investigated using a soil classified according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) as Clay of High plasticity (CH) and composing majorly of secondary minerals, including montmorillonite. The air-dried soil was compacted at five different compaction energy levels (Reduced Standard Proctor compaction energy, Standard Proctor compaction energy, West African compaction energy, Reduced Modified Proctor compaction energy, and Modified Proctor compaction energy). Specimens for consolidation tests were molded at the five different compaction energy levels (densities). The consolidation parameters (initial void ratio, compression index, and preconsolidation pressure) were observed to be empirically related to the compaction energy. The creep parameters (i.e. primary compression index, secondary compression index, and magnitude of creep) were observed to increase with increases in loading to 387kN/m2, after which the values decreased. Curves resulting from these relationships were observed to increase with increases in compaction energy level and tent towards straight line at Modified Proctor compaction energy. Maximum magnitude of creep estimated for three years was observed to reduce from 455.5 mm at Reduced Standard Proctor compaction energy through 268 mm at West African compaction energy to 247.4 mm at Modified Proctor compaction energy levels.
Use of ripening fruits in seed production of early-maturing varieties of melons and gourds in spring and summer sowing
Authors: Lazko V. Е. , Yakimova O. V. , Blagorodova E. N. 
Published: March 2021

Relevance. In recent years, the price of seeds for melons and gourds of foreign selection has reoriented many agricultural producers to use seeds of domestic varieties. To provide agricultural producers with the required amount of seeds with high sowing rates, it is necessary to apply new technological methods that will allow using the biological potential of varieties and growing commercial volumes of seeds.Material and methods. The research was carried out at the selection and experimental site of the vegetable growing department in the "Federal Scientific Rice Centre " in 2017-2018. The object of research is a new promising variety of watermelon Yubilyar, and two early-ripening varieties of melon Tamanskay and Strelchanka. Sowing terms: spring – from mid-April to the end of the first decade of May, summer – the first and second decades of July. Summer sowing with drip irrigation. When harvesting melon and watermelon fruits, the selection intensity is 90% to obtain reproductive seeds RS-1.Results. It has been established that due to the climatic conditions of the Krasnodar Territory and the varietal characteristics of the melon varieties Tamanskaya, Strelchanka and the watermelon Yubilyar, a short growing season and a neutral reaction to changes in the length of the day, you can get two harvests of seeds in one season using summer sowing. It was noted that low air humidity prevented damage to plants by peronospora, anthracnose and powdery mildew, practically eliminating the need for protective measures. The selected ripe fruits for the selection of seeds by morphological characteristics corresponded to varietal characteristics. It has been established that the seed productivity of melon during summer sowing is higher due to better pollination. From one hectare received up to 97-138 kg of seeds. The use of ripening made it possible to carry out a one-time collection of watermelon and melon fruits.
Rapid, reliable, and cheap point-of-care bulk testing for SARS-CoV-2 by combining hybridization capture with improved colorimetric LAMP (Cap-iLAMP)
Authors: Bokelmann Lukas , Nickel Olaf , Maricic Tomislav , Pääbo Svante , Meyer Matthias , Borte Stephan , Riesenberg Stephan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Here we present a step-by-step protocol for Cap-iLAMP (capture and improved ‎loop-mediated isothermal amplification) which combines a hybridization capture-based RNA extraction of gargle lavage samples with an improved colorimetric RT-LAMP assay and smartphone-based color scoring. Cap-iLAMP is compatible with point-of-care testing and enables the detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in less than one hour. The sensitivity is 97% and the specificity is 99%. In contrast to direct addition of the sample to improved LAMP (iLAMP), Cap-iLAMP prevents false positives and allows single positive samples to be detected in pools of 25 negative samples.
Association Between Occupation Type and Obesity Prevalence: An Analysis of the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: KIM JEONGHEON , Lee Kyu Rae rae 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose : Although occupational factors such as working hours, type of workers, and being a shift worker have been associated with the prevalence of obesity, the relationships between occupation type and obesity prevalence, especially in South Korea, have not been clarified. We therefore investigated the association between obesity markers such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and types of occupation using data from the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: We evaluated the height, weight, WC, -and demographic variables (age, sex, socioeconomic status, alcohol, and smoking) from data of 3,645 respondents. The occupational groups were classified into nine categories (managers, professionals and related workers, clerks, service workers, sales workers, skilled agriculture, forestry and fishery workers, craft and related trade workers, equipment, machine operating and assembling workers, and elementary workers) using the Korean version of the Standard Classification of Occupations. We performed an analysis of covariance test to assess the relationship between obesity markers (BMI; and WC) and types of occupation. Results: There was a significant difference in obesity markers among men according to occupation categories after controlling for socio-demographic covariates. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in managers (25.8 +/- 0.4 kg/m 2 , 89.7 +/- 1.1 cm), and lower in craft and related trade workers (24.3 +/ - 0.2 kg/m 2 , 85.1 +/- 0.6 cm) , respectively . (p = 0.011) . Conclusion: The obesity markers were highest in the manager group and lowest in the craft and related trades workers group among men of all the occupation groups.
Assessing the Performance and the Microbial Dynamics of Co-composting System Using Recycled Cow Manure and Bedding Material Waste&nbsp;
Authors: Duan Haiyan , Ji Minghua , Chen Ai , Xie Shiqiu , Sun Junsong , Shi Jiping , Li Xiang , Zhang Baoguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Co-composting of recycled cow manure and waste bedding material has been used to convert both agricultural wastes to biofertilizers. This study explored the succession of microbial community, metabolic function and substances conversion capacities during 60 days’ co-composting using high throughput sequencing technology. The study revealed that co-composting of cow manure and bedding material waste at a ratio of 1.32 (CM+B) had the highest efficiency among four treatments. The bacterial and fungal community diversity changed significantly during the co-composting of CM+B group, and the major phyla included Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Ascomycota. PICRUSt and FUNGuild analysis showed that carbohydrate, lipid metabolism and especially nitrogen fixation were enhanced in the thermophilic phase, while animal and plant pathogens were not detected after the co-composting. Wood saprotrophs became the dominant fungal group (89.1%) in the maturation phase. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed that temperature influenced bacterial community succession more than it influenced fungal community succession. Ruminiclostridium had a significantly positive relationship with temperature (p_value < 0.05), while pH and C/N had significant effect on the fungal (p_value < 0.05), and Penicillium and Mortierella were significantly related to moisture (p_value < 0.05). This work describes an efficient methodology to deal with co-composting systems that had been successfully applied in agricultural wastes treatment, enabling further understanding in mechanisms underlying the substance conversion and the involved microbial community succession in sophisticated composting system.
Impaired Cognitive Functioning in Stress Induced Exhaustion Disorder. A New Tablet Based Assessment
Authors: Bartfai Aniko , Åsberg Marie , Beser Aniella , Sorjonen Kimmo , Wilczek Alexander , Warkentin Siegbert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The adverse health effects of stress induced exhaustion disorder (SED) cause increasing concern in Western societies. This disorder is characterized by severe fatigue, decreased tolerance to further stress, and attention and memory lapses. Despite subjective complaints, individual cognitive deficits are not always detected in a clinical setting, which calls for the validation of more sensitive instruments. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate if a short, tablet-based serial naming task, MapCog Spectra (MCS) could be used as a marker for cognitive problems in SED.Participants: The study comprised of 39 subjects (35 females, four males) with SED. Their mean age was 46,8 years (SD 10.1; range 30 - 60 yrs.). All participants were healthcare professionals, with a college or university degree, doctors, registered nurses, and psychologists. Methods: The MCS was used to assess the number of aberrant pauses during serial naming of coloured geometrical shapes. The Coding, Matrix Reasoning, Digit Span, Symbol Search of the WAIS-IV, and RUFF 2&7 tests, were administered together with a short interview.Results: Mean values were within normal reference limits for all tests, except for the MCS, which showed a significantly a higher number of aberrant pauses (p<0,001) in the SED group, compared to normal reference values. Although subjects performed within normal limits on the RUFF 2&7, a significant difference between individuals was found in the performance strategy of the participants. Conclusion: Here we report that subjects with SED have performance deficits on the MCS, in terms of aberrant times, despite average performance on WAIS-IV tests measuring inductive reasoning, processing speed, working memory, and attention. We also demonstrate that subjects use different strategies to overcome their problems. These findings add to the growing evidence of cognitive deficits in SED and that the MCS might aid neuropsychologists in disentangling cognitive markers, important to substantiate the subjective complaints of affected individuals.
Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Response Mechanisms of Ginseng to Rust Root Symptoms
Authors: Bian Xingbo , Zhao Yan , Xiao Shengyuan , Yang He , Han Yongzhong , Zhang Lianxue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Ginseng rusty root symptoms (GRS) is one of the primary diseases of ginseng. It leads to a severe decline in the quality of ginseng. Results: Compared with Healthy ginseng (HG), 949 metabolites and 9451 genes in diseased tissues were significantly changed at the metabolic and transcription levels. The metabolic patterns of the diseased tissues changed significantly, and organic acids, alkaloids, alcohols, and phenols may play a vital role in the response of ginseng to this disease. There were significant differences in the expression of plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, peroxidase pathway, and multiple genes in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway.Conclusion: The current study performed a comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis of GRS and HG. Based on the findings at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, the mechanism model of ginseng response to rusty root symptoms was established. Our results provide new insights into ginseng's response to rusty root symptoms, which will help reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of this disease in ginseng.
Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of Pectin Extraction from Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus) with Citric Acid
Authors: Perez Jose , Gomez Karina , Vega Lorena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Watermelon rind was used for the pectin extraction with citric acid as the extractant solvent. The effects of pH (2.0-3.0), extraction time (45-75 min) and liquid-solid ratio (1:10-1:40 g/ml) on the pectin yield, degree of esterification, methoxyl content and anhydrouronic acid content were investigated using Box-Behnken surface response experimental design. The pH was the most significant variable for the pectin yield and properties. The responses optimized separately showed different optimal conditions for each of the variables studied in this work. Therefore, the desirability function was used to determine the sole theoretical optimum for the highest pectin yield and highest anhydrouronic acid content, which was found to be: pH of 2.0, extraction time of 62.31 min and liquid-solid ratio of 35.07 g/mL. Under this optimal condition, the pectin yield, degree of esterification, methoxyl content and anhydrouronic acid content were 24.30%, 73.30%, 10.45% and 81.33%, respectively. At optimal conditions, watermelon rind pectin can be classified as high methoxyl and rapid-set pectin with high quality and high-purity.
High Performance of Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics Modified with TiO2, Fe, Ag-doped TiO2 and Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials towards Antimicrobial and Adsorption Removal of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Khairy M. , Kamal R. , Mousa M. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multifunctional cotton textile nanocomposites are well developed by the functionalization of cotton with pure TiO2, Ag-, Fe-doped TiO2, and graphene oxide nanoparticles via sol-gel and modified Hummer methods. The treated fabrics materials are investigated by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The obtained treated fabrics have been used as an adsorbent for the methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solution. The functionalized cotton fabrics are tested for antimicrobial capability towards Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. All functionalized fabrics have higher antimicrobial activity compared to untreated cotton especially the fabrics containing silver and Fe doped TiO2. The optimum conditions of the adsorption process are determined via the study of the effect of the initial concentration of dye, pH, and contact time on the removal efficiency. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherms are applied for the equilibrium adsorption data. GO-Cot and Ag-Ti@GO-Cot samples showed the highest adsorption removal activity. The linear correlation coefficient (R2) showed that the Temkin model well fitted the data of adsorption on the GO-Cot sample. The analysis of experimental data with different kinetic models showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well fitted the adsorption data better than the other kinetic models of pseudo-first-order, Elovich, and the intra-particle diffusion.
The Association Between Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Level and in-hospital Death Due to Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Ghaffari Samad , Mohammadi Tooba , Hajizadeh Reza , Kavandi Hadiseh , Mohammadi Kamran , Mohebalizadeh Mehdi , Ghodratizadeh Sahar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: There are few studies evaluating the prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We analyzed possible power of serum LDH level to predict in-hospital mortality. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 217 patients with confirmed PE diagnosis with CT angiography and available serum LDH level at first 24-hours upon admission were included. Results: The mean age of patients were 63.04±16.81 years old, 23 patients (10.6%) died during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis showed that only LDH, WBC were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, however this association was not significant. Conclusions: In patients with pulmonary embolism, LDH can be a good prognostic marker for predicting in-hospital death.
The Agonal Principle of Russian Consciousness in the Concept of M.O. Koyalovich
Authors: Darenskiy Vitaliy Yu. 
Published: March 2021

he article shows that M.O. Koyalovich demonstrated an amazing independence of thinking and thus made valuable synthesis formulations of Slavophil ideologies. He was the first to turn to the material of the history of Russian historical science with a specific approach showing the consistent maturing of Russian historical consciousness. This approach allowed M.O. Koyalovich to define the constitutive principle of Russian historical consciousness, - the principle of agonality, i.e. the struggle against the imposition of foreign views on Russian history. M.O. Koyalovich carries out the substantiation of his theory at three levels of the material analysis –the struggle of the southern Russian people against the Catholic Union; general definitions of Russian consciousness in the spirit of classic Slavophils; and the analysis of the history of Russian historical science. On the basis of Russian classical historiography texts Koyalovich showed the process of Russian historical consciousness formation in response to its suppression by foreign influences, which makes this analysis especially relevant nowadays. All this allows us to consider the scientific heritage of M.O. Koyalovich extremely valuable and requiring study already at the secondary school level.
Path Analysis on the Influence of Perceived Sport Competence by Other Motivational Variables
Authors: TSANG Eric C.K. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of this study was to examine children's sport and physical education (PE) participation by focusing on perceived sports competence as suggested in Harter's competence motivation theory (1978, 1981). The study included other related factors of intrinsic/extrinsic motivational orientation, task/ego goal orientation and level of competitive trait anxiety to examine their relationship and predictive ability on perceived sport competence. A total of 2,202 participants from eleven schools of Secondary One, Two and Three, with a mean age of 13.55 years (SD=2.15) took part in this study. There was a proportional distribution of males (n=1,056) and females (n=1,130). Data was collected by using measuring instruments that included the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC; Harter, 1985), Sport Motivation Scale (SMS; Pelletier et al., 1995), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Duda & Nicholls, 1989) and Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT; Martens, Vealey & Burton, 1990). Descriptive statistics were used to generalise the characteristics of the sample. Path analysis using EQS was performed to identify the structure of relationships between different attributes. The results revealed the relationships between perceived sport competence and other motivational attributes were mostly in accordance with Harter's competence motivation theory such that analyses demonstrated significant, modest, positive relationships with intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, and negative relationships with anxiety and amotivation. The relationship with task goal orientation was significant but weak. Examination with path analysis showed that task goal orientation was related to perceived competence through the mediating effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. By understanding how these factors affect children's decisions to continue or discontinue participation in PE and sport activities, and how these factors interact with each other, recommendations were made concerning the school PE curriculum and implementation of sport programmes in Hong Kong. Recommendations were also made for future studies.
本研究是根據「勝任運動能力」及其他影響參與運動的因素包括「內在及外在動機」、「運動焦慮」及「目標定向」檢視香港初中生參與運動的動機。2,202名中一至中三的學生參與這次問卷研究。數據分析總結出「勝任運動能力」與「內在動機」及「外在動機」存在重要及正面關係，與「運動焦慮」及「無動機」存在負面關係；通過結構公式分析顯示「任務目標」透過「內在動機」及「外在動機」影響「勝任運動能力」。在了解這些影響青少年參與運動的因素後，本研究作出一些提議及提出將來研究的方向。
Critcial Examination of the Figurative Language Used by Physical Education Student Teachers
Authors: HOLT Brett J. , HANNON James C. , RATLIFFE Thomas A. , HATTEN John D. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
In order to follow up previous studies focusing on figurative language amongst physical educators, the following study was performed to determine the amount and type of figurative language used by three physical education student teachers. This study examined and classified three types of figurative language and attempted to identify common pieces of figurative language used by three physical education student teachers. It was found that the three student teachers studied, used figurative language throughout their lessons frequently, however, did not have any common pieces of figurative language.
為了接著集中於圖像語言的早先研究在物理教育家之中，以下研究被進行確定三個體育實習教師和類型使用的圖像語言的數額。這項研究審查了並且分類了圖像語言的三個類型，並試圖辨認三個體育實習敎師使用的圖像語言共同的片斷。它被發現三個實習敎師頻繁地學習了，半新圖像語言在他們的敎訓中，然而，沒有圖像語言任何共同的片斷。
Effects of Video Feedback with Verbal Cues on Performance of Basketball Free Throw Shooting by Female Junior Basketball Beginners
Authors: LUK Kwok Mun , CRUZ Alberto , LIN Violette Fu Po 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study was to investigate whether with the aid of verbal cues, video modeling with verbal cues and self-video replay with verbal cues were effective in enhancing the free throw ability for female junior basketball beginners. Participants were 24 female learners aged 13 to 14 years with no or little experience in free throw shooting. With equal ability among groups, they were divided into four equal groups (n=6), (1) control group (CG), (2) verbal feedback group (VG), (3) verbal cues with videotaped modeling (VMG), and (4) verbal cues with video replay (VRG). After an observation of a video clip with successful shooting attempts by an expert player, all participants were given two days of acquisition sessions with 120 trials in total and a retention test one day after the practice sessions. Both scoring accuracy and shooting form were evaluated, and a two-way analysis of variance ANOVA (4 groups X 3 trials) with repeated measures on the trial factor was used to analyze the effects of four different feedback methods for two basketball skill performance. It was found that with the aid of verbal cues, both video modeling and self-video replay were effective in enhancing the basketball free throw form in female basketball beginners.
本研究旨在探討配合口頭回饋、示範錄像及自我重放錄像能否有效提升初中女籃球初學者之射罰球能力。24個參加者為中二級女生，他們被分成4個相等能力組別(n = 6)：(1) 對照組(CG)、(2) 口頭回饋(VG)組、(3) 示範錄像及口頭回饋(VMG)、(4) 自我重放錄像及口頭回饋(VRG)。評估內容包括投射準確度和動作技巧，並使用雙因素方差ANOVA分析不同的實驗組的表現。研究結果顯示，配合口頭回饋、示範錄像及自我重放錄像均能有效提升初中女籃球初學者之射罰球能力。
Cooperating Teachers’ Expectations for Student Teachers During the Student Teaching Experience in Physical Education
Authors: CHRISTENSON Robert , BARNEY David 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The student teaching experience is important. The student teacher wants to be successful during their student teaching experience. Part of working successfully with the cooperating teacher can greatly impact a student teachers success. The purpose of this study was to investigate school based cooperative teachers’ experiences with student teachers for the purpose of better preparing physical education teacher education majors for their student teaching. For this study 100 experienced physical educators were surveyed to find out what student teachers should expect to do to be successful when student teaching. One of the main findings from this study was for student teachers to successfully communicate with their cooperating teacher.
實習教學的經驗是教師成功的要素。本研究的目的是調查實習教師與學校教師的經驗交流，共調查了100位具備豐富教學經驗的體育教師，結果顯示實習教師與本科教師溝通是最重要的因素。