bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissection of 4L lymph node for left‐sided non‐small cell lung cancer: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Han‐Yu , Li Deyan , Qiu Xiao‐Ming , Zhu Da‐Xing , Tang Xiaojun , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether dissection of left lower paratracheal (4L) lymph node has any impact on survival of patients with left‐sided non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. We conducted the first meta‐analysis to compare the survival of patients treated with 4L lymph node dissection (LND) and those without for left‐sided NSCLC.MethodsWe systematically searched relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on February 6, 2020. Data for analysis included 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates, OS, and DFS. We calculated risk ratio (RR) for pooling 5‐year OS and DFS rates and extracted hazard ratio (HR) from multivariate analysis for pooling OS and DFS.ResultsWe finally included three retrospective cohort studies with propensity score‐matched analysis consisting of 2103 patients. Meta‐analysis showed that patients treated with 4L LND yielded significantly higher 5‐year OS (67.7% vs. 54.6%; fixed effects models: RR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.67, 0.84]; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) and DFS (53.3% vs. 44.8%; fixed effects models: RR = 0.85; 95% CI = [0.76, 0.95]; p = 0.003; I2 = 41.7%) rates than patients without 4L LNDS. Moreover, dissection of 4L lymph node was significantly associated with better OS (fixed effects model: HR = 0.66; 95% CI = [0.57, 0.76]; p < 0.001; I2 = 45.7%) and DFS (fixed effects model: HR = 0.67; 95% CI = [0.52, 0.87]; p = 0.003; I2 = 0%). No significant heterogeneities were observed.ConclusionsDissection of 4L lymph node could significantly improve both 5‐year OS and DFS rates and 4L LND was a favorable prognostic factor for patients with left‐sided NSCLC.
Paternal age over 50 years decreases assisted reproductive technology (ART) success: A single UK center retrospective analysis
Authors: Morris Guy , Mavrelos Dimitrios , Odia Rabi , Viñals Gonzalez Xavier , Cawood Suzanne , Yasmin Ephia , Saab Wael , Serhal Paul , Seshadri Srividya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo study whether paternal age exerts an effect, independent of maternal age, on the outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles. Semen quality deteriorates with increasing paternal age; however, there is conflicting evidence for any impact paternal age may have on the outcome of IVF/ICSI. Several retrospective and prospective cohort studies have shown that paternal age increases the miscarriage rate and reduces the live birth rate. Some studies have shown no effect of paternal age on live birth rate or miscarriage rate. Studies involving donor oocytes have tended to show no independent effect of paternal age on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. The age at which paternal age may exert a significant deleterious effect on outcome is not known and there is no limit to paternal age in IVF/ICSI treatment.Material and methodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, London, UK. Included in the analysis were all couples with primary or secondary infertility undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles in which the male partner produced a fresh semen sample and the cycle proceeded to fresh embryo transfer. All cycles of IVF/ICSI that used donor oocytes—donor sperm, frozen sperm, cycles leading to embryo storage and cycles including preimplantation genetic testing (PGT‐A/PGT‐M)—were excluded from analysis. The primary outcome was live birth rate and secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with live birth as a dependent variable and maternal and paternal age class as independent variables was performed.ResultsDuring the study period there were 4833 cycles, involving 4271 men, eligible for analysis; 1974/4833 (40.8%, 95% confiene intervals [CI] 39.5–42.2%) cycles resulted in a live birth. A significantly lower proportion of men over 51 years met World Health Organization semen analysis criteria (56/133, [42.1%, 95% CI 34.1–50.6]) compared with men under 51 years of age (2530/4138 [61.1%, 95% CI 60.0–62.6]) (p = 0.001). Both maternal and paternal age were retained in the multivariate model and for all maternal age subgroups the probability of live birth decreased with paternal age over 50 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.674, 95% CI 0.482–0.943) (p = 0.021). Paternal age over 50 years was not an independent predictor of miscarriage (OR 0.678, 95% CI 0.369–1.250) (p = 0.214).ConclusionsPaternal age over 50 significantly affects the chance of achieving a live birth following ART. Paternal age does not independently affect the risk of miscarriage following ART. There should be a public health message for men not to delay fatherhood.
Life after Leaving Institutional Care: Independent Living Experience of Orphan Care Leavers of Mumbai, India
Authors: Keshri Ankit Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransitioning from institutional care to independent living is a complex process for orphan care leavers. Most of them struggle to adapt to independent living for longer periods after leaving institutional care. This study describes those challenges in the Indian context. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 orphan care leavers to explore their experiences and perceptions of independent living. Findings showed that orphan care leavers perceive independent living as both opportunity and challenge. Some orphan care leavers felt that after leaving institutional care, they have lived through difficulties at their workplace: while finding accommodation, in household management, and establishing their official identity. However, data suggest that even in adverse circumstances, these orphan young adults have kept hope and have positive aspirations about their lives with a very strong informal network of care leavers as their main source of support. But overall, it was confirmed that social exclusion based on personal and care background is persistent among the orphan care leavers. Therefore, for promoting a better independent living experience initiating changes in the approach to work with care leavers is recommended.
Changes in antibiotic prescribing following COVID‐19 restrictions: Lessons for post‐pandemic antibiotic stewardship
Authors: Gillies Malcolm B. , Burgner David P. , Ivancic Lorraine , Nassar Natasha , Miller Jessica E. , Sullivan Sheena G. , Todd Isobel M. F. , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Schaffer Andrea L. , Zoega Helga 
Published: August 2021

AimsPublic health responses to reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission have profoundly affected the epidemiology and management of other infections. We examined the impact of COVID‐19 restrictions on antibiotic dispensing in Australia.MethodsWe used national claims data to investigate antibiotic dispensing trends from November 2015 to October 2020 and whether changes reflected reductions in primary care consultations. We used interrupted time series analysis to quantify changes in monthly antibiotic dispensing and face‐to‐face and telehealth GP consultations and examined changes by recipient age, pharmacy State and prescriber specialty.ResultsOver the study period, an estimated 19 921 370 people had 125 495 137 antibiotic dispensings, 71% prescribed by GPs. Following COVID‐19 restrictions, we observed a sustained 36% (95% CI: 33–40%) reduction in antibiotic dispensings from April 2020. Antibiotics recommended for managing respiratory tract infections showed large reductions (range 51–69%), whereas those recommended for non‐respiratory infections were unchanged. Dispensings prescribed by GPs decreased from 63.5 per 1000 population for April–October 2019 to 37.0 per 1000 for April–October 2020. Total GP consultation rates remained stable, but from April 2020, 31% of consultations were telehealth.ConclusionIn a setting with a low COVID‐19 incidence, restrictions were associated with a substantial reduction in community dispensings of antibiotics primarily used to treat respiratory infections, coincident with reported reductions in respiratory viral infections. Our findings are informative for post‐pandemic antimicrobial stewardship and highlight the potential to reduce inappropriate prescribing by GPs and specialists for respiratory viral infections.
Simultaneous variable selection in regression analysis of multivariate interval‐censored data
Authors: Sun Liuquan , Li Shuwei , Wang Lianming , Song Xinyuan , Sui Xuemei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultivariate interval‐censored data arise when each subject under study can potentially experience multiple events and the onset time of each event is not observed exactly but is known to lie in a certain time interval formed by adjacent examination times with changed statuses of the event. This type of incomplete and complex data structure poses a substantial challenge in practical data analysis. In addition, many potential risk factors exist in numerous studies. Thus, conducting variable selection for event‐specific covariates simultaneously becomes useful in identifying important variables and assessing their effects on the events of interest. In this paper, we develop a variable selection technique for multivariate interval‐censored data under a general class of semiparametric transformation frailty models. The minimum information criterion (MIC) method is embedded in the optimization step of the proposed expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain the parameter estimator. The proposed EM algorithm greatly reduces the computational burden in maximizing the observed likelihood function, and the MIC naturally avoids selecting the optimal tuning parameter as needed in many other popular penalties, making the proposed algorithm promising and reliable. The proposed method is evaluated through extensive simulation studies and illustrated by an analysis of patient data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.
Building physical health: What is the role of mental health?
Authors: Kesavayuth Dusanee , Shangkhum Prompong , Zikos Vasileios 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the dynamic relationship between physical and mental health. We ask whether and to what extent mental health affects subsequent physical health, and drawing eight waves of panel data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia (HILDA) Survey, use a dynamic panel estimator with instrumental variables for identification. We find that good past mental health promotes present physical health. We also show that good past physical health predicts good present physical health. Our findings imply that policies and intervention programs should focus on helping individuals with mental health conditions to reduce the risk of negative spillover effects on their physical health.
Choking or excelling under pressure: Evidence of the causal effect of audience size on performance
Authors: Jane Wen‐Jhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerforming in front of a crowd increases motivation. However, it also creates a psychological pressure, which may hinder performance, especially in precision tasks in decisive situations, such as assessment tests, job‐related talks, or sports competitions. In this paper, I shed light on the effects of pressure on performance. Using the task of batting in baseball competitions involving Major League Baseball regular season games from 2015 to 2018, I find evidence of a negative causal effect of audience size on the probability of a successful bat for all players. The results are in line with the hypothesis of choking under pressure when performing skill‐based tasks. However, contrary to what would be expected given the evidence in favor of a choking phenomenon, star batters do not choke but instead tend to excel when facing large audience. They also behave differently from nonstar batters when facing different audience compositions.
Multiple fluid flow events from salt‐related rifting to basin inversion (Upper Pedraforca thrust sheet, SE Pyrenees)
Authors: Cruset David , Vergés Jaume , Benedicto Antonio , Gomez‐Rivas Enrique , Cantarero Irene , John Cédric M. , Travé Anna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFluid systems in inverted rifted margins are challenging to interpret because fractures formed before compression were often reactivated acting as fluid pathways as new ones formed. Deciphering the fracture and fluid flow history in such complex settings has key implications for the prediction of the distribution of mineral resources. As an example, we reconstruct the fluid flow evolution of a portion of the inverted Pyrenean rift, the Upper Pedraforca thrust sheet, from the Mesozoic extension to the Alpine orogeny. We combine structural analysis and petrographic, geochemical and geochronological data obtained from 87 samples of fracture‐filling carbonate cements. During the Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous, low‐temperature seawater produced dolomitization of Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous limestones in an extensional setting. During the Early Cretaceous salt‐related extension, formation waters, probably evolved seawater or fluids that interacted with Triassic evaporites, at temperatures from 125 to 149°C migrated through fractures. The formation of breccias within post‐salt rocks in primary weld zones facilitated the upward migration of formation waters that interacted with pre‐salt rocks with high 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Formation waters at temperatures of 80°C migrated during the emplacement of the Upper Pedraforca thrust sheet in the Late Cretaceous‐Palaeocene. These fluids interacted with Upper Cretaceous Carbonates and/or Triassic evaporites. In contrast, the influence of meteoric fluids increased in shallower positions due to the exhumation of the SE Pyrenees during the Eocene‐Oligocene. Coevally, hot dolomitizing fluids migrated along diapir walls during the formation of secondary welds. Supergene ores documented in diapiric areas worldwide related to meteoric fluids, and the similar meteoric percolation occurred in the Upper Pedraforca thrust sheet, suggest that supergene mineralization could be found in the Pyrenees. Brecciation of rocks in primary weld zones and evaporite detachments, where mineralization accumulate in fractures from basement‐derived fluids, also suggests that similar ores could be found in the Pyrenees.
Influence of extensional faults and relay ramp on palaeo‐topography and lacustrine carbonate facies: Purbeck Limestone Group (Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous), Wessex Basin, UK
Authors: Gallois Arnaud , Bosence Daniel , Burgess Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLacustrine carbonate facies distribution is controlled by multiple environmental parameters including climate, hydrology, and tectonic setting, but few published models address this complexity. In this study, seismic and borehole data, integrated with outcrop logging, correlations, and facies models, are used to create a new tectono‐sedimentary model demonstrating how extensional faults, linked by a relay ramp, control distribution of lacustrine carbonate facies in the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Purbeck Limestone Group (Wessex Basin, UK). Accumulation occurred in half‐graben sub‐basins south of two extensional east‐west faults, with widespread subaerial emergence of footwall blocks to the north. The lacustrine limestones of the lowest unit of this Group are characterised by in‐situ microbial mounds within bedded inter‐mound packstones‐grainstones. Mounds occur in three depositional intervals separated by paleosols. The distribution of facies indicates more brackish‐water conditions shoreward to the west, and more hypersaline conditions basinward to the east. The relay ramp hosts extensive microbial carbonate buildups formed in response to carbonate‐rich waters sourced from the northern limestone footwall blocks that fed into extensive shallow‐water areas on the low‐angle relay ramp slope.
Selective autophagy
Authors: Faruk Mohammad Omar , Ichimura Yoshinobu , Komatsu Masaaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile starvation‐induced autophagy is thought to randomly degrade cellular components, under certain circumstances autophagy selectively recognizes, sequesters, and degrades specific targets via autophagosomes. This process is called selective autophagy, and it contributes to cellular homeostasis by degrading specific soluble proteins, supramolecular complexes, liquid‐liquid phase‐separated droplets, abnormal or excess organelles, and pathogenic invasive bacteria. This means that autophagy, like the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, strictly regulates diverse cellular functions through its selectivity. In this short review, we focus on the mechanism of "selective" autophagy, which is rapidly being elucidated.
Extraction and deproteinization process of polysaccharide from purple sweet potato
Authors: Yang Wenjian , Yang Zixuan , Zou Yi , Sun Xinke , Huang Gangliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtraction and deproteinization process of polysaccharide from purple sweet potato (PPSP) were optimized via the response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the optimal conditions of extraction in hot water of PPSP were as follows: The extraction temperature was 120℃, the extraction time was 2.5 hr, and the solid–liquid ratio was 1∶10 (g/ml). The optimal conditions of Sevage deproteinization were as under the oscillation time was 20 min, the deproteinization times was twice, and polysaccharide solution‐Sevage reagent ratio was 1:1 (ml/ml). The extraction yield of PPSP was 3.32%, and the protein removal rate was 93.14% in such a condition.
Strengthening conservation science as a crisis discipline by addressing challenges of precaution, privilege, and individualism
Authors: Stirling Andy , Burgman Mark A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConservation science deals with crises and supports policy interventions devised to mitigate highly uncertain threats that pose irreversible harm. When conventional policy tools, such as quantitative risk assessments, are insufficient, the precautionary principle provides a practical framework and range of robust heuristics. Yet, precaution is often resisted in many policy arenas, especially those involving powerful self‐interests, and this resistance is compounded by structures of privilege and competitive individualism in science. We describe key drivers and effects of such resistance in conservation science. These include a loss of rigor under uncertainty, an erosion of crisis response capabilities, and a further reinforcement of privileged interests in conservation politics. We recommend open acknowledgement of the pressures exerted by power inside science; greater recognition for the value of the precautionary principle under uncertainty; deliberate measures to resist competitive individualism; support for blind review, open science, and data sharing; and a shift from hierarchical multidisciplinarity toward more egalitarian transdisciplinarity to accelerate advances in conservation science.Article impact statement: Precautionary principle, privilege structures among disciplines, and culture of individualism link to effective conservation policy making.
Importance of greater interdisciplinarity and geographic scope when tackling the driving forces behind biological invasions
Authors: Hulme Philip E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvasive non‐native species are important drivers of ecosystem change, yet the driving forces of biological invasions themselves are poorly understood. Such information is essential to ensure policies focus on the most relevant drivers, and that future scenarios capture the full range of potential outcomes for invasive non‐native species. I carried out a bibliometric analysis of articles published from 2000 to 2020 that address either invasive non‐native species or biodiversity and ecosystem services and that also mention 1 or more drivers of ecosystem change. I examined 5 indirect drivers (demographic, economic, governance, sociocultural, and technological) and 6 direct drivers (climate change, invasive non‐native species, land‐use or sea‐use change, natural hazards, pollution, and resource extraction). Using the Web of Science core collection of citation indexes, I undertook searches of article titles and keywords and retrieved 27,462 articles addressing invasive non‐native species and 110,087 articles dealing with biodiversity or ecosystem services. Most research to date on biological invasions as well as on biodiversity and ecosystem services has focused on anthropogenic direct drivers of ecosystem change rather than indirect drivers. Yet currently, less than 18% of articles addressing biological invasions examined drivers of ecosystem change, a similar level to that found over 20 years ago for biodiversity or ecosystem services. Knowledge of the drivers of biological invasions is limited, emphasizes tractable drivers over those that require an interdisciplinary approach, and is biased toward developed economies. Drivers generally deemed important for biological invasions, such as governance and resource extraction, accounted for less than 2% of research effort. The absence of a systematic understanding of the forces that drive invasive non‐native species and how they interact means that attempts to mitigate or forecast biological invasions are likely to fail. To address biological invasions requires a much better orientation of national and international research on drivers in relation to both their actual importance as well as their policy relevance.
Time interval between rectal cancer resection and reintervention for anastomotic leakage and the impact of a defunctioning stoma: A Dutch population‐based study
Authors: Warps Anne‐Loes K. , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M. , Tanis Pieter J. , Dekker Jan Willem T. ,   the Dutch ColoRectal Audit
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimIn the Netherlands, a selective policy of faecal diversion after rectal cancer surgery is generally applied. This study aimed to evaluate the timing, type, and short‐term outcomes of reoperation for anastomotic leakage after primary rectal cancer resection stratified for a defunctioning stoma.MethodData of all patients who underwent primary rectal cancer surgery with primary anastomosis from 2013–2019 were extracted from the Dutch ColoRectal Audit. Primary outcomes were new stoma construction, mortality, ICU admission, prolonged hospital stay, and readmission.ResultsIn total, 10,772 rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery with primary anastomosis were included, of whom 46.6% received a primary defunctioning stoma. The reintervention rate for anastomotic leakage was 8.2% and 11.6% for patients with and without a defunctioning stoma (p < 0.001). Reintervention consisted of reoperation in 44.0% and 85.3% (p < 0.001), with a median time interval from primary resection to reoperation of seven days (IQR 4–14) vs. five days (IQR 3–13), respectively. In the presence of a defunctioning stoma, early reoperation (<5 days; n = 47) was associated with significantly more end‐colostomy construction (51% vs. 33%) and ICU admission (66% vs. 38%) than late reoperation (≥5 days; n = 127). Without defunctioning stoma, early reoperation (n = 252) was associated with significantly higher mortality (4% vs. 1%), and more ICU admissions (52% vs.34%) than late reoperation (n = 302).ConclusionsEarly reoperations after rectal cancer resection are associated with worse outcomes reflected by a more frequent ICU admission in general, more colostomy construction, and higher mortality in patients with primary defunctioned and nondefunctioned anastomosis.