bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brassica oleracea extract, glucosinlates, and sulforaphane promote hair growth in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Luo Zhen , Zhang Xuewu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss, in which dihyrotestosterone (DHT) plays a crucial role via modulating androgen receptors in hair follicles.AimsThe current objective is to search for new therapy of AGA.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the effects of sulforaphane, its precursor glucosinlates and glucosinlates‐enriched Brassica oleracea L.var.italic Planch extract (BOE) on the growth of hair follicle and the related matrix cell viability, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms in vitro and ex vivo.ResultsWe observed that BOE, glucosinlates, and sulforaphane can prevent the testosterone‐induced inhibition of dermal papilla (DP) cells viability. BOE and sulforaphane can even hinder the testosterone‐induced inhibition of HaCaT cells viability. Moreover, BOE, glucosinlates, and sulforaphane can up‐regulate the cytokeratin gene expression in HaCaT cells, prevent the increase in Bax gene levels induced by testosterone in DP, and promote the growth of hair follicle of mice. These effects can be linked to the enhancement of DP and HaCaT cells activities and the prevention of the testosterone‐induced cell apoptosis of DP cells.ConclusionsTaken together, BOE, glucosinlates, and sulforaphane can promote the growth of hair follicle of mice and can be used as potential treatment agents for androgenic alopecia.
Functional brain network reorganization in HIV infection
Authors: Minosse Silvia , Picchi Eliseo , Di Giuliano Francesca , Sarmati Loredana , Teti Elisabetta , Pistolese Chiara Adriana , Lanzafame Simona , Di Ciò Francesco , Guerrisi Maria , Andreoni Massimo , Floris Roberto , Toschi Nicola , Garaci Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo investigate the reorganization of the central nervous system provided by resting state‐functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), graph‐theoretical analysis, and a newly developed functional brain network disruption index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.MethodsForty HIV‐positive patients without neurological impairment and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls underwent rs‐fMRI at 3T; blood sampling was obtained the same day to evaluate biochemical variables (absolute, relative, and nadir CD4 T‐lymphocytes value and plasmatic HIV‐RNA). From fMRI data, disruption indices, as well as global and local graph theoretical measures, were estimated and examined for group differences (HIV vs. controls) as well as for associations with biochemical variables (HIV only). Finally, all data (global and local graph‐theoretical measures, disruption indices, and biochemical variables) were tested for putative differences across three patient groups based on the duration of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).ResultsBrain function of HIV patients appeared to be deeply reorganized as compared to normal controls. The disruption index showed significant negative association with relative CD4 values, and a positive significant association between plasmatic HIV‐RNA and local graph‐theoretical metrics in the left lingual gyrus and the right lobule IV and V of right cerebellar hemisphere was also observed. Finally, a differential distribution of HIV clinical biomarkers and several brain metrics was observed across cART duration groups.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that rs‐fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.
Death in four RHDV2‐vaccinated pet rabbits due to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2)
Authors: Hänske G. G. , König P. , Schuhmann B. , Bertram C. A. , Müller K. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo create awareness of single RHDV2 infections and cases of death despite immunisation with RHDV2‐specific vaccine.Materials and MethodsRetrospective case series of four companion rabbits. Patient signalment, vaccination history, pathology and molecular examinations were obtained from the medical records.ResultsThe animals died peracutely or with nonspecific symptoms like apathy and inappetence. Pathological examination indicated and molecular biological findings confirmed RHDV2 infection in four animals. Several partner animals died at the same time under the same circumstances.Clinical SignificanceThis is the first report of fatalities in RHDV2‐vaccinated companion rabbits due to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 infection with documented case and vaccination history. Veterinarians should be aware of possible single fatal RHDV2 infections despite vaccination, should initiate the clarification of suspected cases and inform vaccine manufacturers and competent authorities.
Invasive populations of Spiraea tomentosa (Rosaceae) are genetically diverse but decline during succession in forest habitats
Authors: Lorenz J. , Heinrich R. , Schneider A. , Schwager M. , Herklotz V. , Wesche K. , Ritz C. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Population genetic and ecological data may help to control invasive plants, which are considered a major threat to natural habitats. In contrast to expected bottleneck events, genetic diversity of such invasive populations may be high due to extensive propagule pressure or admixture. The ecological impact of invasive species has been broadly evaluated in the field; however, long‐term studies on the fate of invasive plants are scarce.

We analysed genetic diversity and structure in invasive Spiraea tomentosa populations in eastern Germany and western Poland using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. Potential hybridization between co‐occurring diploid Sp. tomentosa and tetraploid Sp. douglasii was investigated using Flow Cytometry. The genetic analyses were complemented by data from a 13‐year vegetation study in an area invaded by these Spiraea species.

We found no evidence for hybridization between Spiraea species. In populations of Sp. tomentosa both genetic diversity (He = 0.26) and genetic structure (ΦPT = 0.27) were high and comparable to other outcrossing woody plants. Low levels of clonality, presence of seedlings and new patches in sites that had been colonized over the last 13 years imply that populations spread via sexual reproduction. In all habitat types, native species diversity declined following Sp. tomentosa invasion. However, detailed aerial mapping of a forest reserve with ongoing succession revealed that Spiraea spp. populations have declined over a 10‐year period.

Despite its potential for dispersal and negative effects on native plant communities, invasive Spiraea populations may be controlled by increasing canopy cover in forest habitats.
Mapping Confederate Icons and Their Contestation
Authors: Evans Jocelyn J. , Sims Katherine 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveIn this article, we use racial threat theory to examine the contemporary debate over the place of Confederate memorials in the public square.MethodWe predict removal of Confederate iconography based on sociodemographic and organizational measures at the county level using logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe find strong evidence to suggest that county characteristics involving urban density, minority presence, average per capita income, and historic patterns of racially motivated social organization do influence the decision to keep or remove Confederate memorials today.ConclusionsThis project speaks to the spatial politics of commemorative landmarks as focal points for broader struggles over the formation and maintenance of community memory and identity. It also sheds light on competing paths moving forward—one focused on stripping memorials away from the public square and the other focused on protecting them for posterity.
High overexpression of CERES, a plant regulator of translation, induces different phenotypical defence responses during TuMV infection
Authors: Toribio René , Muñoz Alfonso , Sánchez Flora , Ponz Fernando , Castellano M. Mar 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYMutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E confer potyvirus resistance in a range of plant hosts. This supports the notion that, in addition to their role in translation of cellular mRNAs, eIF4E isoforms are also essential for the potyvirus cycle. CERES is a plant eIF4E‐ and eIF(iso)4E‐binding protein that, through its binding to the eIF4Es, modulates translation initiation; however, its possible role in potyvirus resistance is unknown. In this article, we analyse if the ectopic expression of AtCERES is able to interfere with turnip mosaic virus replication in plants. Our results demonstrate that, during infection, the ectopic expression of CERES in Nicotiana benthamiana promotes the development of a mosaic phenotype when it is accumulated to moderate levels, but induces veinal necrosis when it is accumulated to higher levels. This necrotic process resembles a hypersensitive response (HR)‐like response that occurs with different HR hallmarks. Remarkably, Arabidopsis plants inoculated with a virus clone that promotes high expression of CERES do not show signs of infection. These final phenotypical outcomes are independent of the capacity of CERES to bind to eIF4E. All these data suggest that CERES, most likely due to its leucine‐rich repeat nature, could act as a resistance protein, able to promote a range of different defence responses when it is highly overexpressed from viral constructs.
Effects of sex and menstrual cycle on sweating during isometric handgrip exercise and postexercise forearm occlusion
Authors: Okamoto Yumi , Amano Tatsuro 
Published: April 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do sex and menstrual cycle modulate sweating during isometric handgrip exercise and muscle metaboreceptor stimulation?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Sex modulates sweating during isometric handgrip exercise, as indicated by the lower sweat output per gland in women than in men, but not during muscle metaboreceptor stimulation. Sweat output per gland during isometric handgrip exercise and muscle metaboreceptor stimulation were lower in the mid‐luteal phase than in the early follicular phase in women. Cholinergic sweat gland sensitivity might explain, in part, the individual variation of the response. Our results provide new insights regarding sex‐ and menstrual cycle‐related modulation of the sweating response.
AbstractWe investigated whether sex and menstrual cycle could modulate sweating during isometric handgrip (IH) exercise and muscle metaboreceptor stimulation. Twelve young, healthy women in the early follicular (EF) and mid‐luteal (ML) phases and 14 men underwent two experimental sessions consisting of a 1.5 min IH exercise at 25 and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in a hot environment (35°C, relative humidity 50%) followed by 2 min forearm occlusion to stimulate muscle metaboreceptors. Sweat rates, the number of activated sweat glands and the sweat output per gland (SGO) on the forearm and chest were assessed. Pilocarpine‐induced sweating was also assessed via transdermal iontophoresis to compare the responses with those of IH exercise and muscle metaboreceptor stimulation, based on correlation analysis. Sweat rates on the forearm and chest during IH exercise and muscle metaboreceptor stimulation did not differ between men and women in either menstrual cycle phase (all P ≥ 0.144). However, women in both phases showed lower SGO on the forearm and/or chest compared with men during IH exercise at 50% of MVC, with no differences in muscle metaboreceptor stimulation. Women in the ML phase had a lower forearm sweat rate during IH exercise at 50% of MVC (P = 0.015) and SGO during exercise and muscle metaboreceptor stimulation (main effect, both P ≤ 0.003) compared with those in the EF phase. Overall, sweat rate and SGO during IH exercise and muscle metaboreceptor stimulation were correlated with pilocarpine‐induced responses (all P ≤ 0.064, r ≥ 0.303). We showed that sex and menstrual cycle modulate sudomotor activity during IH exercise and/or muscle metaboreceptor stimulation. Cholinergic sweat gland sensitivity might explain, in part, the individual variation of the response.
Infliximab is associated with attenuated immunogenicity to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with IBD
Authors: Kennedy Nicholas A , Lin Simeng , Goodhand James R , Chanchlani Neil , Hamilton Benjamin , Bewshea Claire , Nice Rachel , Chee Desmond , Cummings JR Fraser , Fraser Aileen , Irving Peter M , Kamperidis Nikolaos , Kok Klaartje B , Lamb Christopher Andrew , Macdonald Jonathan , Mehta Shameer , Pollok Richard CG , Raine Tim , Smith Philip J , Verma Ajay Mark , Jochum Simon , McDonald Timothy J , Sebastian Shaji , Lees Charlie W , Powell Nick , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveDelayed second dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination trades maximal effectiveness for a lower level of immunity across more of the population. We investigated whether patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab have attenuated serological responses to a single dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.DesignAntibody responses and seroconversion rates in infliximab-treated patients (n=865) were compared with a cohort treated with vedolizumab (n=428), a gut-selective anti-integrin α4β7 monoclonal antibody. Our primary outcome was anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibody concentrations, measured using the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibody assay 3–10 weeks after vaccination, in patients without evidence of prior infection. Secondary outcomes were seroconversion rates (defined by a cut-off of 15 U/mL), and antibody responses following past infection or a second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine.ResultsGeometric mean (SD) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations were lower in patients treated with infliximab than vedolizumab, following BNT162b2 (6.0 U/mL (5.9) vs 28.8 U/mL (5.4) p<0.0001) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (4.7 U/mL (4.9)) vs 13.8 U/mL (5.9) p<0.0001) vaccines. In our multivariable models, antibody concentrations were lower in infliximab-treated compared with vedolizumab-treated patients who received the BNT162b2 (fold change (FC) 0.29 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.40), p<0.0001) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (FC 0.39 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.51), p<0.0001) vaccines. In both models, age ≥60 years, immunomodulator use, Crohn’s disease and smoking were associated with lower, while non-white ethnicity was associated with higher, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations. Seroconversion rates after a single dose of either vaccine were higher in patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine.ConclusionInfliximab is associated with attenuated immunogenicity to a single dose of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection, or a second dose of vaccine, led to seroconversion in most patients. Delayed second dosing should be avoided in patients treated with infliximab.Trial registration numberISRCTN45176516.
Teaching other teachers how to teach CS better
Authors: Guzdial Mark 
Published: April 2021

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Mark Guzdial shares how he assesses the efforts of other computer science teachers.
Photographic record of Temminck’s Tragopan Tragopan temminckii (Gray, 1831) (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) from eastern Bhutan: an evidence of its westward range expansion
Authors: Dorji Tshering , Kinley Kinley , Letro Letro , Tshering Dawa , Maidali Prem Nanda 
Published: April 2021

We report the second photographic evidence of Temminck’s Tragopan Tragopan temminckii from Bhutan. Inhabiting warm broadleaved forest at an elevation of 2,952m, the species photo captured in a camera trap was much westward than its previous record, indicating westward range expansion of this rare and elusive bird.
Diversity of understory flowering plants in the forest patches of Marilog District, Philippines
Authors: Acma Florfe M. , Mendez Noe P. , Lagunday Noel E. , Amoroso Victor B. 
Published: April 2021

The forest patches of Marilog District, Davao are the remnants of various anthropogenic activities including logging, conversion of land for agriculture, ecotourism and human settlements. Floristic study was carried out in 2018–2019 from 100 established plots measuring 20 x 20 m, with repeated transect walks and opportunistic sampling along forest trails. One-hundred-and-four species of understory flowering plants were identified from 102 genera and 40 families. Species diversity mean values across study sites using Simpson’s (D) and Shannon-Wiener index (H’) were 0.97 and 3.9, respectively. Species diversity was highest in sites 2 and 4 (D = 0.98; H’ = 4.0 each) and lowest in site 5 (D = 0.96; H’ = 3.7). At family level, the most abundant taxa include Zingiberaceae (26 species) (15%), Orchidaceae (19 species) (11%), Gesneriaceae (14 species) (8%), and Rubiaceae and Arecaceae (13 species each) (7%). Conservation status assessment using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) revealed 10 threatened species, while listing from the Philippines’ administrative order has categorized 13 threatened species. A total of 54 species (ca. 1.14% of the total Philippine endemic vascular flora) of understory flowering plants were Philippine endemics. Findings of this study were used as additional data for the proclamation of Mt. Malambo as Local Conservation Area, which was formalized through a barangay resolution.
Assessment of crop and property damage caused by Semnopithecus vetulus nestor (Bennett, 1833) (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijethilaka Sunil , Weerasekara Lakshani S. , Bandara Saumya , Ranawana Kithsiri B. 
Published: April 2021

In earlier times, human-monkey interactions were not a severe problem in Sri Lanka, but has recently intensified as a result of habitat fragmentation and urbanization. Due to these changes, Semnopithecus vetulus nestor has been listed among the 25 most Endangered primates. The objective of our study was to evaluate the intensity of human-S.v. nestor negative interaction by identifying the crop and property damages in villages bordering Danawkanda Forest (7.001N & 80.049E), Gampaha, Sri Lanka. We collected data using structured questionnaires interviewing households (N= 80) bordering the Danawkanda Forest from August 2014 to January 2015. Households were most affected by damage to fruits, leaves, and buds of commercially important trees (93%), followed by damage to roof tiles (76%), and frightful confrontations with the monkeys (43%). Average monthly loss per household from crop and property damage was estimated at between (Sri Lankan Rupees) LKR 2,700 and LKR 1,500. Lighting firecrackers was the most common method used by the residents (99%) to deter monkeys, where as electrified barriers were rarely used (4%). Households in close proximity to Danawkanda Forest experienced a considerable loss to their monthly income due to crop and property damage, compared to households further away. As an alternative, residents now grow ornamental plants and short trees, eliminating the structures that attract and facilitate damage by S.v. nestor. Awareness and active participation of residents, authorized government, and non-governmental organizations are needed to manage unplanned construction and agriculture plot extensions into the forest. These two factors trigger the human-wildlife negative interactions in general and are not limited just to monkeys.
Nesting and hatching behaviour of Olive Ridley Turtles Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Reptilia: Cryptodira: Cheloniidae) on Dr. Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha, India
Authors: Poornima P. 
Published: April 2021

This paper reports the nesting, impact of lunar phase and rainfall on mass nesting, hatching, and hatchling behaviour of L. olivacea in Dr. Abdul Kalam Island, Bhadrak District, Odisha. The study site is a well-known rookery for this species. A study of 15 mass nesting events between 2003 and 2020 using Rayleigh’s test indicated that the onset of mass nesting was not uniform across a lunar month, but was most intense towards the beginning of the fourth quarter moon (mean lunar day = 22.44). Also, rainfall and mass-nesting data from 2015 to 2020 revealed that ≥3.2 mm rainfall in February delayed mass nesting from the second fortnight of February to the end of the first fortnight of March. Sporadic nesting continued after hatching commenced in May, and continued until the end of May 2020, with an average of three turtles nesting each day. At night, a cohort of hatchlings from individual nests emerged synchronously. Before emergence they remained a little beneath the sand surface in airy-shallow pits. During hatchling emergence these pits fill with sand, leaving depressions described as “emergence craters” in recent literature on L. olivacea. To study hatchling emergence 30 such craters were examined in May 2020, and the numbers of emerged hatchlings per cohort varied from 28 to 182. Of 30 craters examined, 28 were circular and two were elliptical, with diameters varying between 10 and 26 cm. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the numbers of emerged hatchlings and crater diameter was 0.38. Hatchlings took 17 min 22 sec (SD= ±5min 30 sec) on average to reach the sea from a mean distance of 34.6m.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Restored After Surgery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kakuta Kentaro , Dohi Kaoru , Yamamoto Takayuki , Fujimoto Naoki , Shimoyama Takahiro , Umegae Satoru , Ito Masaaki 
Published: April 2021

Background
We aimed to investigate the presence and severity of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis and to elucidate the influence of surgical resection of the diseased intestines on CMD by assessing coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐seven patients with IBD (aged 44±15 years; 22 patients with Crohn disease and 15 patients with ulcerative colitis) and 30 controls (aged 46±12 years) were enrolled. For CFVR measurement, coronary flow velocity was recorded at rest and during hyperemia by ADP infusion using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, and CFVR <2.5 defined CMD. CFVR measurement was repeated before and within 1 year after surgery. CFVR was similarly and significantly lower in patients with Crohn disease and those with ulcerative colitis than controls (Crohn disease: 2.92±1.03 [
P
<0.05 versus controls], ulcerative colitis: 2.99±0.65 [
P
<0.05 versus controls], and controls: 3.84±0.75). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the presence of IBD and baseline hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) were independently associated with low CFVR among all study participants (β=−0.403 [
P
=0.001] and −0.237 [
P
=0.037], respectively). Hyperemic coronary flow velocity significantly improved after surgery only in patients with IBD who had CMD. CFVR significantly improved in patients with IBD who had both CMD and non‐CMD, and the extent of CFVR improvements were greater in patients with CMD than non‐CMD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the reduction of hs‐CRP was independently associated with improvement of hyperemic coronary flow velocity and CFVR among all patients with IBD (β=−0.481 [
P
=0.003] and β=−0.334 [
P
=0.043], respectively).

Conclusions
IBD is associated with CMD, which improved after surgical resection of diseased intestines.