bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design and Noise Analysis of High-Performance DBR-Integrated Lateral Germanium (Ge) Photodetectors for SWIR Applications
Authors: Kumar Harshvardhan , Pandey Ankit Kumar , Lin Chu-Hsuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work presents the high-performance Si/SiO2distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)-integrated lateral germanium (Ge) p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) for atmospheric gas sensing and fiber-optic telecommunication networks in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) regime. In addition, this study also proposes an opto-electronic compact small-signal noise equivalent circuit model (SSNECM) of the designed device to compute the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the detector. Various figure-of merits including current under dark and illumination, responsivity, detectivity, 3dB bandwidth, and the SNR of the proposed device are estimated at the room-temperature (RT) for an incident optical power of 0.5 μW. Furthermore, the impact of scaling of rib waveguide (WG) width and height on dark current, responsivity, and 3dB bandwidth are investigated to optimize the proposed device. The validation of the proposed model is done by comparing various parameters including dark current, responsivity, and detectivity of the designed device with other Ge PDs. The estimated results show the reduced trade-off between responsivity and 3dB bandwidth of the designed device. At λ=1550 nm, the proposed device achieves the high detectivity and SNR of >2X1011 Jones and 120 dB (up to 3 THz), respectively, with the bias voltage of -2V. These encouraging results pave the path for the future development of low noise and high-speed detectors for SWIR applications.
The Cumulative Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture Treatment in Patients With Migraine Without Aura: Evidence From Dynamic Alterations of Intrinsic Brain Activity and Effective Connectivity Analysis
Authors: Chen Yilei , Kang Yingjie , Luo Shilei , Liu Shanshan , Wang Bo , Gong Zhigang , Huang Yanwen , Wang Hui , Tan WenLi , Zhan Songhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The underlying neurological mechanism of acupuncture treatment in migraine without aura (MwoA) remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the dynamic alterations of intrinsic brain activity and effective connectivity in patients with MwoA after acupuncture treatment.Methods:The fMRI scans were separately obtained at baseline, after the first and after the 12th acupuncture sessions in 40 patients with MwoA. The acupuncture treatments were finished within 6 weeks as twice a week. 36 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and performed once fMRI scan. The dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) and dynamic granger causality analysis(GCA) were used to analyze the difference of different time points in patients with MwoA. The correlation analyses were performed in dALFF variability, dynamic effective connectivity (DEC) variability with clinical variables in patients with MwoA.Results:Compared with HCs, Patients with MwoA at baseline showed decreased dALFF variability in regions within rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), the superior lobe of left cerebellum (Cerebelum_Crus1_L), the right inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part (IFGtriang.R), the right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri (DCG.R), the right precuneus (PCUN.R), and the left inferior parietal, supramarginal and angular gyri (IPL.L), increased dALFF variability only in the left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG.L). After acupuncture treatment, the decreased dALFF variability of the RVM, Cerebelum_Crus1_L , and PCUN.R progressively recovered, the RVM revealed gradually increased DEC variability to the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R), the left insula (INS.L), the right precentral gyrus (PreCG.R), and the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG.R). And enhanced DEC variability from the right fusiform gyrus (FFG.R) to RVM. Furthermore, the increased DEC variability were found from Cerebelum_Crus1_L to the left middle occipital gyrus (MOG.L) and the left precentral gyrus (PreCG.L), from PCUN.R to the right thalamus (THA.R). These dALFF variabilities were significantly positive correlated with frequency of migraine attack and negative correlated with disease duration at baseline, dynamic GCA coefficients were significantly positive correlated with Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) score, negative correlated with frequency of migraine attack and visual analog scale (VAS) score postacupuncture treatment.Conclusions:Our results provide insight into dynamic alterations from the perspective of dynamic local brain activity and effective connectivity for the understanding mechanisms of cumulative therapeutic effect of acupuncture in patients with MwoA.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900023105. Registered 11 May 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=36959.
A thermodynamic origin for the Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound
Authors: Ramakrishna Satish 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound is imposed on the grounds of logical consistency (with classical General Relativity) upon local quantum field theories. This paper puts the bound into the context of a thermodynamic principle applicable to a field with a particular equation of state in an expanding universe. This is achieved without overtly appealing to either a decreasing density of states or a minimum coupling requirement, though they might still be consistent with the results described. The paper establishes that the holographic principle applied to cosmology is consistent with minimizing the free energy of the universe in the canonical ensemble, upon the assumption that the ultraviolet cutoff is a function of the causal horizon scale.
Mutability of Druggable Kinases and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines by Their Proximity to Telomeres and A+T Content
Authors: McKnight Ian , Raines Regan , Hunter White , Nosoudi Nasim , Lee Peter H.U. , Shim Joon W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mutations of protein kinases are common and can cause cancer and other diseases. However, our understanding of the mutability in genes encoding kinases remains rudimentary. Given previously proposed factors associated with high mutation rates, we analyzed how many genes encoding druggable kinases match with (i) proximity to telomeres or (ii) high A+T content. We extracted genomic information using National Institute of Health Genome Data Viewer. Among 129 druggable human kinase genes studied, 106 genes satisfied either factors (i) or (ii), resulting in an 82% match. A similar 85% match rate was found in 73 genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. As we further compared these two factors in 20 de novo mutations of mice exposed to space-like ionizing radiation, however, 10 of 20 murine genetic loci met (i) or (ii), leading to only a 50% match. When compared with the top selling approved drugs, the data suggest that matching rate analysis on factor-druggable genome is feasible to systematically prioritize the relative mutability of the novel druggable candidates. These two factors not only predict how mutations of the disease phenotype are attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors but also sort out druggable proteins by their relative mutability.
Discrete Optimization on Unsteady Pressure Fluctuation of a Centrifugal Pump Using ANN and Modified GA
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Deng Qifan , Pei Ji , Chen Jinwei , Gan Xingcheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pressure fluctuation due to the rotor-stator interaction in turbomachinery is unavoidable, inducing strong vibration and even shortening the lifecycle. The investigation on optimization method of an industrial centrifugal pump was carried out to reduce the pressure fluctuation intensity. Considering the time-consuming transient calculation of unsteady pressure, a novel optimization strategy was proposed by discretizing design variables and genetic algorithm. Four highly related design parameters were chosen, and 40 transient sample cases were generated and simulated using an automatic simulation program. Furthermore, a modified discrete genetic algorithm (MDGA) was proposed to reduce the optimization cost by unsteady simulation. For the benchmark test, the proposed MDGA showed a great advantage over the original genetic algorithm in terms of searching speed and could deal with the discrete variables effectively. After optimization, an improvement in terms of the performance and stability of the inline pump was achieved.
Inter-Comparison of Two Regional Climate Models (RegCM and WRF) in Downscaling CFSv2 For the Seasonal Prediction of Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Mohanty Manas Ranjan , Mohanty Uma Charan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The efficacy of two latest versions of regional climate models (RegCM and WRF) for simulating the Indian summer monsoon (JJAS) is tested in this study. The CFSv2 hindcast outputs are downscaled over the Indian monsoon domain for 11 contrasting monsoon seasons using the regional models. The April start ensembles of the CFSv2 are averaged to generate the initial and lateral boundary conditions for driving the WRF and RegCM. The regional models perform better in simulating the Indian summer monsoon features better than the parent CFSv2 model. The rainfall pattern as well as the intensities are improved with the dynamical downscaling and the errors in the rainfall are minimized over the GCM hindcast. On comparing the two regional models, the RegCM overestimates the rainfall during the excess and normal monsoon seasons. The RCMs improve the skill of rainfall prediction as compared to the GCM and WRF shows better skill in particular. One peculiar finding of this study is that the daily rainfall biases averaged over all the years of simulation shows that the two RCMs show similar biases with RegCM showing stronger biases occasionally. It may be implied that the errors from GCM in the form of the ICBC might be influencing the simulation in the RCMs. The upper air and surface parameters analysis shows that the WRF performs better in representing the semi-permanent features of the Indian summer monsoon which may be helping in improving the rainfall over the RegCM. The wind pattern as well as the relative humidity along the vertical column of the atmosphere are captured better in the WRF model. Diagnostics of CAPE & vertically integrated moisture transport supports the finding of the rainfall being simulated better in the WRF model.
Serum Cystatin C, Kidney Injury Molecule-1, Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Klotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 in The Early Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Sepsis in a Chinese Emergency Cohort Study
Authors: Pei Yuanyuan , Zhou Guangping , Wang Pengfei , Shi Fang'e , Ma Xiaolu , Zhu Jihong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) was a common and critical complication of sepsis, and is associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic criteria for AKI was insensitive for early detection. Novel biomarkers included cystatin C, KIM-1, NGAL, klotho and FGF-23 which can predict AKI earlier may allow immediate interventions. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers for detecting AKI in sepsis patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from May 2018 and November 2020, enrolling sequential 162 sepsis patients. AKI’s definition was according to 2012 KDIGO criteria and we divided patients into non-AKI (n=102) and AKI (n=60) groups. Serum levels of several AKI biomarkers were detected by ELISA. The relationship between biomarker levels on admission of AKI were analyzed and discrimination performances comparison were performed.Results: AKI incidence was up to 37.0% (60/162) during hospitalization. Compared with non-AKI group, both serum cystatin C, KIM-1, NGAL and FGF-23 were significantly elevated at admission in septic AKI patients. The areas under the receiver operating curves demonstrated that serum cystatin C had modest discriminative powers for predicting AKI after sepsis, and cystatin C combined with serum creatinine in the prediction of septic AKI increased the diagnostic sensitivity prominently.Conclusion: Serum cystatin C, KIM-1, NGAL and FGF-23 levels are both increased in septic AKI patients. Our study provides reliable evidence that cystatin C solely and combined with serum creatinine may accurately and sensitively predict septic AKI when patients on admission.
The Effects of Media and Peers on Negative Body Images of Chinese College Students: Multiple Mediating Effects of Appearance Comparison and Internalization of the Thin-Ideal
Authors: Shen Jianting , Chen Jinjun , Tang Xiwen , Bao Shangfei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Negative body image is a common psychological phenomenon among Chinese college students, which should arouse our attention. Peers and media are important factors that influence personal negative body image. This study explores the mechanism of media and peers on the negative body image of Chinese college students.
Methods

461 college students (173 identifying as male, 234 identifying as female) were investigated by using the Revised Social and Cultural Attitude Questionnaire of Appearance, Appearance Comparison Scale, Peer Impact Scale and Negative Body Image Scale.
Results

The results are as follows: (1) Correlation analysis shows that except media attention is not significantly correlated with negative body images, all other variables are significantly positively correlated; (2) Path analysis shows that the direct effect of media attention on negative body image is not significant, while the direct effect of peer impact is significant, and both of them have indirect effects through the mediate role of appearance comparison and internalization of the thin-ideal. Additionally, appearance comparison and internalization of the thin-ideal act as a chain mediation between negative body image and media attention, peer impact.
Conclusions

The research shows just paying attention to the information of the perfect body in the media will not produce negative body image, but paying attention to the media and peer talks about the body may cause college students to compare appearances and internalize the standards for a good shape, leading to their negative evaluation of themselves.
Compressed Sensing Based Dynamic MR Image Reconstruction By Using 3D-Total Generalized Variation and Tensor Decomposition: k-t TGV-TD
Authors: Zhang Jucheng , Han Lulu , Sun Jianzhong , Wang Zhikang , Xu Wenlong , Xia Ling , Jiang Mingfeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Compressed Sensing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CS-MRI) is a promising technique to accelerate dynamic cardiac MR imaging (DCMRI). For DCMRI, the CS-MRI usually exploits image signal sparsity and low-rank property to reconstruct dynamic images from the undersampled k-space data. In this paper, a novel CS algorithm is investigated to improve dynamic cardiac MR image reconstruction quality under the condition of minimizing the k-space recording.Methods: The sparse representation of 3D cardiac magnetic resonance data is implemented by synergistically integrating 3D TGV algorithm and high order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) based Tensor Decomposition, termed as k-t TGV-TD method. In the proposed method, the low rank structure of the 3D dynamic cardiac MR data is performed by the HOSVD method, and the localized image sparsity is achieved by the 3D TGV method. Moreover, the Fast Composite Splitting Algorithm (FCSA) method, combining the variable splitting with operator splitting techniques, is employed to solve the low-rank and sparse problem. Two different cardiac MR datasets (cardiac cine and cardiac perfusion MR data) are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Results: Compared with the state-of-art methods, such as the k-t SLR method, 3D TGV method and HOSVD based tensor decomposition method, the proposed method can offer improved reconstruction accuracy in terms of higher signal-to-error ratio (SER).Conclusions: This work proved that the k-t TGV-TD method was an effective sparse representation way for DC-MRI, which was capable of significantly improving the reconstruction accuracy with different reduction factor.
Restored CD8+PD-1+ T cells Facilitate the Response to Anti-PD-1 for Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qian , qiao guoliang , Huang Lefu , Xu Chang , Guo Deliang , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jing , Song Yuguang , Liu Bing , Chen Zheng , Yang Zhiyong , Yuan Yufeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundsWe aimed at to investigate that restoring the amount of CD8+PD1+ T cells through adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) could improve the prognosis and facilitate the therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC).Methods177 adult patients who underwent tumor resection as initial treatment for PDAC during February 2013 to July 2019. at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in this study. Another cohort of 32 patients with APC were prospectively enrolled from Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital from June 1, 2013, to May 30, 2019. All patients with APC underwent ACT and 15 of 32 (46.8%) patients received ACT combined with anti-PD-1 (Pembrolizumab).ResultsOf the 177 patients received tumor resection, 67 tumor samples showed overexpression of PD-L1 We found that high PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues was significantly associated with short overall survival. Also, we tested the percentage of peripheral CD8+PD-1+ T cells and found it was significantly correlated with the PD-L1 expression and the prognosis of patients with PDAC. We further tracked the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subtypes for 30 months and found that CD8+PD-1+ cells were decreased and we hypothesized that the CD8+PD-1+ cells were exhausted. After that, we performed ACT for patients with APC and we found that the ratios of post treatment of ACT/pre-ACT CD8+PD-1+ T cells were significantly related with the prognosis of patients with APC. Moreover, patients with combined treatment of ACT with anti-PD-1 had significantly favorable both OS and PFS. Furthermore, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were tested and TCR diversity of cultured T cells were calculated and we found the treatment of ACT impacted on the TCR repertoire especially in patients with significantly CD8+PD-1+ T cells enhanced.Conclusionsthis study showed that the CD8+PD-1+ T cell subgroup was related with expression of PD-L1 and the prognosis of patients with PDAC who received surgical resection. The CD8+PD-1+ T cells were gradually exhausted and restoring it by treatment of ACT was associated with a significantly favorable prognosis and facilitate the response to Anti-PD-1.
Modeling Simulation and Fault Analysis of Aircraft Air Conditioning System Based on Grasshopper Algorithm Improved Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wu Huiyong , jin shuchun , jin zhu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To effectively analyze the working state of the air circulation system when the aircraft flies at high altitude, it is necessary to simulate and analyze on the ground. A simulated annealing-grasshopper algorithm is proposed to optimize the support vector machine ( SAGOA-SVM ). The overall simulation model of the aircraft air circulation system is established, and the fault injection analysis is carried out. The support vector machine is introduced to classify the system results. The grasshopper algorithm simulated annealing and position offset are used to optimize the support vector machine, and the optimal parameter values are obtained. The results show that the simulation system can effectively simulate the temperature changes of the aircraft under various operating conditions. The optimized support vector machine can effectively distinguish the fault types of the aircraft component outlet, and the system convergence speed is accelerated to avoid the problem of falling into the local optimal value.
Effects of Fermented Feed on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Function and Microbiota of Piglets Weaned at Different Age
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xiong Yunxia , Chen Jingping , Xiao Hao , Wu Qiwen , Wen Xiaolu , Jiang Zongyong , Wang Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The beneficial function of fermented feed in livestock industry has been widely investigated. However, little is known about the effects of fermented feed on different weaned-day piglets. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented diet on the growth performance, intestinal function and microbiota of piglets weaned at age of 21 days and 28 days.RESULTS: The results found that weaning on d 21 significantly increased (P < 0.05) ADG, and ADFI (calculated based on wet weight and dry matter), while reduced (P < 0.05) F: G, the activities of trypsin and lipase of jejunum and villus height of ileum, compared with 28-d weaning. The protein levels of Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1 of ileum in the groups weaning on d 21 were less (P < 0.05) than the groups weaning on d 28. Moreover, dietary supplementation with fermented diet upregulated (P < 0.05) Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1 proteins of ileum, compared with the groups treated with control diet both weaning on d 21 and d 28. In addition, dietary supplementation with fermented diet decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Clostridia (class) and increased (P < 0.05) Bacteroidia (class) level of cecal microbiota, compared with the groups treated with control diet both weaning on d 21 and d 28. However, supplementation with fermented diet did not affect the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Therefore, our data suggest that feed digestibility is improved in piglets weaned at 21 days, but intestinal barrier function is weaker than in piglets weaned at 28 days. However, compared with feeding control diet, supplementation with fermented diet both improved feed conversion and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets by modulating intestinal microbiota.