bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colour stability of stained composite resins after brushing with whitening toothpaste
Authors: Celik Neslihan , Iscan Yapar Merve 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brushing with whitening toothpaste on the colour change of composite resins discoloured with coffee.MethodsDisc‐shaped samples were prepared using one nano‐hybrid (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic), one micro‐hybrid (GC G‐aenial Anterior) and one nano‐ceramic composite (Zenit) (n = 6). After initial colour measurements, the samples were coloured in the coffee solution for 5 days. Colour measurements were made again after the colouring process, and brushing simulation was applied for 7, 15 and 30 days with two different whitening toothpastes containing calcium carbonate+perlite (Signal whitening system, SWN) and hydrated silica+hydrogen peroxide (Colgate optic White, COW) and a conventional non‐whitening toothpaste containing hydrated silica (Sensodyne pronamel, SPN). Colour change (∆E00) after brushing was calculated using the CIEDE2000 system. Repeated measures variance analysis was used for the analysis of data.ResultsG‐aenial anterior and Zenit showed significant coloration compared to Majesty esthetic after coloration with coffee (p < 0.05). The colour change in all composite resins was above the clinically acceptable limit (ΔE00 > 1.8). Colour change over time after brushing with both whitening toothpastes differed significantly (p < 0.05). SWN and COW exhibited a significantly higher whitening effect than SPN (p < 0.05). While there was no significant difference in composite groups brushed with the SWS (p > 0.05), there was a significant difference between Majesty esthetic, G‐aenial anterior and Zenit in groups brushed with COW (p < 0.05).ConclusionsColour change was high in micro‐hybrid and nano‐ceramic composites which were discoloured in coffee. The whitening toothpastes were effective in reducing the coloration caused by coffee.
Influence of occlusal and proximal caries on the outcome of full pulpotomy in permanent mandibular molar teeth with partial irreversible pulpitis: A prospective study
Authors: R Rechithra , Aravind Archana , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Sidhartha , Chawla Amrita , Logani Ajay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the influence of occlusal and proximal deep carious lesions on the outcome of full pulpotomy performed in mandibular teeth with pulpal diagnosis of symptomatic partial irreversible pulpitis.MethodologyEighty deep carious mandibular molar teeth with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of symptomatic partial irreversible pulpitis without periapical rarefaction from patients of either gender between the age of 16–35 years were included. Depending upon the location of deep carious lesion, the teeth were distributed equally into occlusal (n = 40) and proximal caries groups (n = 40). Full pulpotomy was performed under local anaesthesia and aseptic conditions. The pulp tissue was removed until the root canal orifices, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was applied to arrest pulpal bleeding. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was compacted over the radicular pulp. Teeth were restored with resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and bulk‐fill composite resin. Pre‐ and post‐operative pain was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h using a 11‐point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Patients were followed at 6 and 12 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Asymptomatic teeth without any radiographic evidence of periapical rarefaction were considered successful. The data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk W test, two‐sample Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, Pearson chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test and Kappa coefficient. The significance level was predetermined at p < .05.ResultAn intergroup comparison revealed that the pre‐ and post‐operative pain scores at 24, 48 and 72 h were not significantly different (p > .05). At the end of follow‐up period (12 months), success of full pulpotomy in occlusal and proximal caries group was 95% and 92.5%, respectively (p = .644). For both groups, the combined success rate of full pulpotomy was 93.75%.ConclusionThe site of carious lesions (i.e., occlusal or proximal) did not affect the clinical and radiographic outcome of full pulpotomy performed in mature permanent mandibular teeth with symptomatic partial irreversible pulpitis.
Integrating Cultural Perspectives into International Interdisciplinary Work
Authors: Trebitz Karen I. , Fennema Scott , Hicks Keegan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are well‐established methods for working in interdisciplinary natural resource management settings, but place‐based cultural differences are often poorly integrated into interdisciplinary projects. Intercultural adequacy is necessary to ensure that water management strategies are acceptable within the local contexts of water users. In this study we followed four cohorts of graduate students from Canada, Chile, Cuba, and the United States that participated in an international graduate‐level water resource management course hosted at the Universidad de Concepción in Chile. The North American students participated in post‐experience surveys and interviews to assess changes in their interdisciplinary and intercultural comfort levels. The interviews and survey identified factors that enhanced or detracted from their progress towards integrating disciplinary and cultural differences into their work. Though course material promoted interdisciplinary collaborations across various disciplinary cultures, participants noted that traditional methods of integrating did not adequately bridge differences in place‐based cultural worldviews. We propose a framework developed during the experience to integrate place‐based cultural differences into all phases of the interdisciplinary research and natural resource management processes.
On the origin of the genetic variation in infectious disease prevalence: Genetic analysis of disease status versus infections for Digital Dermatitis in Dutch dairy cattle
Authors: Kulkarni Pranav Shrikant , Biemans Floor , de Jong Mart C.M. , Bijma Piter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the origin of the genetic variation in the prevalence of bovine digital dermatitis (DD) by comparing a genetic analysis of infection events to a genetic analysis of disease status. DD is an important endemic infectious disease affecting the claws of cattle. For disease status, we analysed binary data on individual disease status (0,1; indicating being free versus infected), whereas for infections, we analysed binary data on disease transmission events (1,0; indicating becoming infected or not). The analyses of the two traits were compared using cross‐validation. The analysis of disease status captures a combination of genetic variation in disease susceptibility and the ability of individuals to recover, whereas the analysis of infections captures genetic variation in susceptibility only. Estimated genetic variances for both traits indicated substantial genetic variation. The GEBV for disease status and infections correlated with only 0.60, indicating that both models indeed capture distinct information. Together, these results suggest the presence of genetic variation not only in disease susceptibility, but also in the ability of individuals to recover from DD. We argue that the presence of genetic variation in recovery implies that breeders should distinguish between infected individuals versus infectious individuals. This is because epidemiological theory shows that selection for recovery is effective only when it targets recovery from being infectious.
Biogeography of different life forms of the southernmost neotropical tank bromeliad
Authors: Barberis Ignacio M. , Mogni Virginia Y. , Oakley Luis J. , Vogt Christian , Prado Darién E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimFactors affecting bromeliad distribution depend on the life forms of the studied species; some could grow as terrestrial, saxicolous, or epiphytic depending on the type of habitat. We analysed the distribution patterns of the life forms of a bromeliad species in different biogeographic domains and associated them with environmental variables and vegetation types.LocationChaquenian, Amazonian, and Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest domains; South America.TaxonThe tank bromeliad Aechmea distichantha (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae).MethodsWe compiled records of the biogeographic distribution and the vegetation types where A. distichantha occurs based on bibliographic data, digital datasets, herbaria, and personal observations. We associated the distributional records of this species with altitude, five selected bioclimatic variables, four soil variables, and with the vegetation types where it occurs.ResultsA. distichantha has been recorded as epiphytic, terrestrial and saxicolous in all biogeographic domains but showed contrasting patterns in life form proportions among them. In the Amazonian domain, characterized by evergreen tropical and subtropical forests with high precipitation, it mainly grows as epiphytic. In the Chaquenian domain, dominated by xerophytic forests with low rainfall, high soil pH and base saturation, it mainly grows as terrestrial, whereas in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest domain, the three life forms were recorded in similar proportions. In azonal plant communities of all domains, it mainly grows as saxicolous.Main ConclusionsThis tank bromeliad species can thrive in sites with contrasting habitat and environmental conditions. Its ability to survive in different environments could be associated with its high frost tolerance, the presence of the CAM photosynthetic pathway, a well‐developed phytotelma, and high phenotypic plasticity. The life form prevailing in each domain is influenced by water availability (i.e., the quantity of water available during each year, the precipitation in the driest month, and the plant water supply relative to demand).
Association of free androgen index and sex hormone–binding globulin and left ventricular hypertrophy in postmenopausal hypertensive women
Authors: Jianshu Chen , Qiongying Wang , Ying Pei , Ningyin Li , junchen Han , Jing Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between androgen and LVH in postmenopausal hypertensive women. Enrolled in this study were 378 postmenopausal hypertensive women who were admitted to the department of cardiology between December 2018 and December 2020. According to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) evaluated by echocardiography, the patients were divided into LVH group (n = 172) and non‐LVH group (n = 206). Their clinical characteristics were collected. Based on the result of propensity score matching analysis, 160 cases in each group were matched successfully. After correcting for confounding factors by various models, the results showed that free androgen index (FAI) and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were the influencing factors of LVH in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Patients with elevated SHBG were 5% less likely to develop LVH than those without elevated SHBG (OR: 0.950, 95% CI 0.922‐1.578). Postmenopausal hypertensive patients with elevated FAI were 16% more likely to have LVH than those without elevated FAI (OR: 1.608, 95% CI 0.807‐3.202). Multiple linear regression showed that LVMI increased by 61.82g/m2 for every 1 unit increase in FAI. In addition, SHBG decreased by 1 nmol/l, and LVMI increased by 0.177g/m2. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in the controlled BP group had a lower risk of LVH for every additional unit of SHBG compared with the uncontrolled BP group. The risk of LVH for each additional unit of FAI in the uncontrolled BP group was higher than that in the controlled BP group. The results of this present study showed that the occurrence of LVH was positively correlated with FAI and negatively correlated with SHBG in postmenopausal women with hypertension. The increase in FAI level and the decrease in SHBG level may be related to the occurrence and development of LVH in postmenopausal hypertension.
Submucosal microbiome of peri‐implant sites: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Polymeri Angeliki , van der Horst Joyce , Buijs Mark J. , Zaura Egija , Wismeijer Daniel , Crielaard Wim , Loos Bruno G. , Laine Marja L. , Brandt Bernd W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo study the peri‐implant submucosal microbiome in relation to implant disease status, dentition status, smoking habit, gender, implant location, implant system, time of functional loading, probing pocket depth (PPD), and presence of bleeding on probing.Materials and MethodsBiofilm samples were collected from the deepest peri‐implant site of 41 patients with paper points, and analysed using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing.ResultsWe observed differences in microbial profiles by PPD, implant disease status, and dentition status. Microbiota in deep pockets included higher proportions of the genera Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Anaeroglobus compared with shallow pockets that harboured more Rothia, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Streptococcus. Peri‐implantitis (PI) sites were dominated by Fusobacterium and Treponema compared with healthy implants and peri‐implant mucositis, which were mostly colonized by Rothia and Streptococcus. Partially edentulous (PE) individuals presented more Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Rothia, whereas fully edentulous individuals presented more Veillonella and Streptococcus.ConclusionsPPD, implant disease status, and dentition status may affect the submucosal ecology leading to variation in composition of the microbiome. Deep pockets, PI, and PE individuals were dominated by Gram‐negative anaerobic taxa.
How to define today a medical disorder? Biological and psychosocial disadvantages as the paramount criteria
Authors: Telles Correia Diogo , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Rocha Neto Helio G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe 20th century has seen great developments in the concept of disease. Marked by the biopsychosocial paradigm, several strategies for disease definition were added to previous descriptive organic views, but a final concept is still out of reach.MethodA critical review was carried out on thorough analysis of articles and textbooks to describe the main concepts and definitions of disease.ResultsThe concept ‘disease’ is a pragmatic construct, not a natural kind. Three main ways to define disease were identified, and characterized: Biological (disease as a lesion, disadvantage/deviation from normal and dysfunction), Psychosocial (distress and disability, existential potentials, descriptive prototype, and prototype typification), and values‐based definition.ConclusionAll the paradigms have advantages and flaws, but progressive use of all criteria in disease definition adds validity and reliability to diagnostic constructs. Such constructs must be, above all, useful for practice and research. Biological paradigm is relevant, but fails to cover all the complexity that involves human illness and the treatment process. An emphasis on distress, dysfunction, and carefully selected value‐laden characteristics might be the right direction for useful diagnostic construct conceptions.
Differentiated agrarian vulnerabilities and generalized national responses to COVID‐19 in the Upper West Region of Ghana
Authors: Baada Jemima Nomunume , Antabe Roger , Sano Yuji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe experiences of COVID‐19 differ at both micro and macro levels. This emphasizes the need for differentiated responses that account for the varying vulnerabilities of diverse groups regarding the pandemic. In Ghana, much of the attention on COVID‐19 has been on urban centres, particularly the country's two largest metropolises in southern Ghana. This has created a gap between national level policy and the experiences of COVID‐19 among rural dwellers in Ghana. This is despite evidence that the world's poorest populations will bear the brunt of COVID‐19 effects, and that globally, four out of five people living below the poverty line reside in rural areas. Using the Upper West Region as a case study, we discuss the differentiated vulnerabilities that agrarian communities in Ghana face regarding the pandemic. We situate our discussions within the theories of vulnerability and feminist political economy to highlight how interlocking vulnerabilities regarding historical, environmental, geopolitical, socio‐economic, health, and gendered inequalities affect the disposition of agrarian communities to cope with and recover from the COVID‐19 pandemic. We call for more nuanced COVID‐19 responses that account for the needs and experiences of agrarian communities in Ghana.
Balancing selection maintains ancient polymorphisms at conserved enhancers for the olfactory receptor genes of a Chinese marine fish
Authors: Liu Qiaohong , Mishra Mrinal , Saxena Ayush S. , Wu Haohao , Qiu Ying , Zhang Xinhui , You Xinxin , Ding Shaoxiong , Miyamoto Michael M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study of balancing selection, as a selective force maintaining adaptive genetic variation in gene pools longer than expected by drift, is currently experiencing renewed interest due to the increased availability of new data, methods of analysis, and case studies. In this investigation, evidence of balancing selection operating on conserved enhancers of the olfactory receptor (OR) genes is presented for the Chinese sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis), a coastal marine fish that is emerging as a model species for evolutionary studies in the Northwest Pacific marginal seas. Coupled with tests for Gene Ontology enrichment and transcription factor binding, population genomic data allow for the identification of an OR cluster in the sleeper with a downstream flanking region containing three enhancers that are conserved with human and other fish species. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses indicate that the enhancers are under balancing selection as evidenced by their translineage polymorphisms, excess common alleles, and increased within‐group diversities. Age comparisons between the translineage polymorphisms and most recent common ancestors of neutral genealogies substantiate that the former are old, and thus, due to ancient balancing selection. The survival and reproduction of vertebrates depend on their sense of smell, and thereby, on their ORs. In addition to locus duplication and allelic variation of structural genes, this study highlights a third mechanism by which receptor diversity can be achieved for detecting and responding to the huge variety of environmental odorants (i.e., by balancing selection acting on OR gene expression through their enhancer variability).
Anatomical Variations of the Vertebral Artery: Analysis by Three‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Angiography in Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Shuang , Ren Wei‐jian , Zheng Liang , Sun Shao‐tong , Zhang Bo‐hua , Chen Yu , Xiang Liang‐bi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the anatomical variations of V3 and V2 segments of the vertebral artery in the Chinese population.MethodsThe current retrospective study was an observational, anatomical, radiological research. Between 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, the data of 589 continuous head‐and‐neck three‐dimensional computed tomography angiography were observed and analyzed using the open‐source software of Horos. There were 415 males and 174 females with an average age of 44.63 ± 2.5(18–74) years. The variations of the V3 segment were defined as persistent first intersegmental artery (PFIA) and paracondylar processes (PP). The variations of V2 segments were unusual vertebral artery entrance transverse foreman (UE‐V2S) and midline migration (MM). The incidences of all variations were summarized and the gender, side characters were compared.ResultsAmong the patients, 4.34% (18/415) males and 4.60% (8/174) females were with the variation of PFIA. Meanwhile, 12.29% (51/415) males and 10.92% (19/174) females were with the variation of PP. Then 18.80% (78/415) males and 16.67% (29/174) females were with UE‐V2S. All the variations above were not different in genders. As for the variation of MM, 3.86% (16/415) males and 8.62% (15/174) females were identified, and the difference of genders was significant for this type of variation (P < 0.05). The differences between each side were also observed and analyzed for all variations and no differences were found.ConclusionThere are several variations of V3 and V2 segments of the vertebral artery are associated with the cervical surgeries, most were without differences in genders and sides, except the variation of MM.
Support interventions provided during palliative care to families with dependent children when a parent has terminal illness: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cockle-Hearne Jane , Aldiss Susie , Gibson Faith , Milne Shannon , Todd Jennifer , Ream Emma 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map support interventions provided during palliative care to families with dependent children when a parent has a terminal illness.

Introduction:
For dependent children, losing a parent through terminal illness can be one of the most traumatic experiences they will face. Without age-appropriate information and support, parental death can lead to unresolved grief, post-traumatic stress, and longer-term negative social, emotional, educational, and behavioral consequences. Support from health care professionals is provided, but challenges within hospice and community palliative care mean the needs of dependent children may not be addressed. Greater emphasis is often placed on children's and families’ bereavement needs as opposed to their pre-bereavement needs. The status of pre-bereavement support in palliative care for these families has not been documented.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include studies of support interventions provided to families with dependent children when a parent has a terminal illness that are delivered during palliative care and in settings including, but not limited to, hospices, hospitals, and the community (including family and care homes). Empirical, peer-reviewed studies based on qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods data, and gray literature, reporting any stage of intervention development will be included.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI approach for scoping reviews. Multiple database searches will be conducted. Two authors will independently review full-text articles and extract data. Interventions will be mapped in terms of characteristics, evaluation methods, and implementation challenges. Data will be presented in tables, diagrammatic form, and narrative summary.