bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistivitas Batuan Berdasarkan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Schlumberger untuk Menentukan Potensi Air Tanah Sebagai Acuan Sumur Bor
Authors: Fadilah Fadilah 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze rock resistivity based on the geoelectric method of the Schlumberger configuration to determine the potential for groundwater as a reference for boreholes. The method used in this research is the geoelectric resistivity method with a Schlumberger configuration. Data acquisition modeling was analyzed using Progress Version 3.0 to describe the subsurface based on measurement sounding points in the field. The main targets for these measurements are confined aquifer traps and sandstone stratigraphy. Field measurement points are at coordinates S 030 43 '52.2 "and E 1020 19' 27.1". The results of this study indicate that the layer that is thought to be the groundwater carrier layer is found at a depth of about 64.99 meters to 150.86 meters with a layer thickness of 85.87 meters, which is in the form of sandstone density with a resistivity value of 5.39 ohm meters. The iteration error scale value in this study is, 5.05% RMS. In conclusion, the results obtained can provide specific information for groundwater drilling actors in the research location.
Keywords: Groundwater, Geoelectricity, Resistivity, Schlumberger
Identifikasi Batuan Granit Daerah Prospek Panas Bumi Nyelanding menggunakan Metode Magnetik
Authors: Siregar Ahmat Munawir , Dewi Ira Kusuma , Ngatijo Ngatijo 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to identify granite rocks around the Nyelanding geothermal area, especially in the geothermal manifestations. This research used the magnetic method to analyze the subsurface structure of the geothermal area. Correction of magnetic data was performed in Microsoft excel 2010 software and two-dimensional modeling was performed using Oasis Montaj 8.4. The results showed that there are three layers of rock under Nyelanding hot springs, namely granite with a susceptibility of 0.009 - 0.05 SI to a depth of 500 meters and a layer of sandstone - clay, as well as layers of clay, gravel and silt with a susceptibility of 0.00001 - 0, 00005 SI. In conclusion, the local geology of the Nyelanding hot spring area is dominated by the presence of granite to a depth of 500 meters. The results of forward modeling on layers A-A' and C-C' show the subsurface structure of Nyelanding hot springs in the form of a granite rock basin which is estimated to be able to accumulate geothermal energy.
Key words: Nonvolcanic Geothermal, Magnetic Method, Granite Susceptibility, Forward Modeling
THE PROBLEMS OF INVESTIGATION TACTICAL MEANS ON SQUATTING AND ILLEGAL CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Hryshko I. 
Published: August 2021

The problems of developing the scientific concept of investigation tactical means while squatting and illegal construction, their relation with the forensic tactics means and identification of its place in the criminalistics system are examined. It is substantiated that tactical means of squatting and illegal construction investigation are the optimal set of linked by a common goal nonprocedural actions (measures), tactical methods, combinations, operations, recommendations, which are related to determining the action course of investigation entities and solving tactical tasks of a particular type of crime. It is proved that a prerequisite for the active development and implementation of means into investigative practice is that the realities of socio-economic transformations in Ukraine have led to the emergence of criminal activity new types and to advanced ways of its implementation. It seems that the development and use of means as a specific “toolkit” of forensic tactics in the activities of criminal proceedings professional participants (investigators, detectives), is one of the priorities of criminalistics at the present stage and the urgent need for practice.
It is noted that investigation tactical means of squatting and illegal construction provide professional participants in criminal proceedings with specialized toolkit that ensures the effective solution of tactical tasks that arise in the investigation of a crime. It is substantiated that the investigated criminal offense has a fairly high level of public danger, since it encroaches upon the subjective rights and legitimate interests of citizens, state or local community represented by relevant authorities, therefore it requires prompt response from the entities of pre-trial investigation. Scientific approaches to understanding forensic tactics means and investigation tactical means of squatting and illegal construction are considered. Promising directions for further scientific developments on the outlined problems are offered.
PECULIARITIES WHILE PREPARING TO THE APPOINTMENT OF FORENSIC MOLECULAR GENETICS EXAMINATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS INITIATED DUE TO MURDERS
Authors: Vuima A. 
Published: August 2021

Pre-trial investigation of criminal proceedings initiated due to murders requires to possess special knowledge, take into consideration the peculiarities and procedure for conducting investigative (search) and procedural actions by investigators and prosecutors. The most evidential method is considered to be the method of DNA profiling, which has confirmed its efficiency in the mentioned criminal proceedings.
The procedure of preparing to the appointment of forensic molecular genetics examinations is a significant stage of forensic examination. It should be carried out at an appropriate level. The errors made by investigators while the detection, collection of biological origin samples, their storage and transportation exclude the possibility of solving identification problems, and sometimes the accomplishment of criminal proceedings tasks, what necessitates the need to develop recommendations aimed at eliminating them.
The article purpose is to identify the modern capabilities of forensic molecular genetics examinations in the investigation of murders initiated due to murders, determining typical errors, which are made by prosecutors at the stages of preparation and appointment of the indicated examinations and the development of recommendations for their prevention and elimination.
Ensuring the elimination and prevention of errors that are made by investigators, as well as the prevention of processes of DNA contamination and degradation are possible due to increase in the level of investigators’ special knowledge and the formation on this basis of skills for conducting appropriate investigative (search) and procedural actions. It is possible thanks to the involvement of forensic experts in the field of genetics while carrying out these actions, as well as in the case of appointing a group of investigators on indicated criminal proceedings.
The indicated and worded recommendations regarding the measures that are expedient to be taken with the purpose of exclusion and elimination of common mistakes are a promising avenue for further scientific developments.
ON THE ISSUE OF EVALUATING THE FORENSIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING RESULTS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Puchko D. 
Published: August 2021

Problematic issues of forensic structural engineering as a source of evidence while criminal proceedings in the aspect of evaluating its results have been analyzed. Taking into account the relevance of this type of forensic examination both for the investigation of criminal proceedings and for other types of court proceedings, main provisions concerning evaluation of a forensic report in the field of forensic structural engineering are considered.
Relevant norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and of some foreign countries have been studied. It is concluded that, in fact, the approaches to the preparation of forensic report content are similar to the corresponding norms of the Ukrainian criminal procedure law. Certain discrepancies relate to the content of the report examination part – in some countries it does not contain a detailed description of the research course. In addition, according to Art. 242 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, a defense can independently engage a forensic expert, therefore, Art. 102 needs improvement. And since the defense party is not endowed with the right to warn a forensic expert about responsibility for a knowingly false report and refusal without valid reasons to fulfill duties assigned to him, then the indicated norm must be supplemented for such cases – in the aspect of the forensic expert awareness on such responsibility.
It is specified that the body (person) that appoints the forensic structural engineering examination does not always ask a forensic expert questions within the framework of the subject of proof. Admissibility of evidence is primarily determined by its receipt based on compliance with law. The grounds are provided that may serve as a reason for accepting the forensic report as inadmissible evidence in the field of forensic structural engineering.
CONTENT AND SYSTEM OF FORENSIC LAW SOURCES: THE GENERAL PART
Authors: Kirin R. 
Published: August 2021

The problem of studying forensic law sources, as an element of the national legal system, is becoming urgent today. By studying their systemic properties, the possibility of scientific forecasting in the development of the legal system tendency, determining courses of the most effective steps to improve the entire mechanism of legal regulation of forensic relations’ complex is increasing.
The article purpose is to conduct research on the prerequisites for systematizing the modern array of the forensic science legal basis in Ukraine and to identify theoretical and applied peculiarities for the formation of the general part content in the system of forensic law sources.
To uncover the problem and subject of examination, as well as to accomplish the tasks, the synthesis method was used, which helped to identify the main areas of legal regulation and the system of general forensic relations, the formal legal method helped to clarify the content of forensic legislation legal norms.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the legal construction of the general part of the current Law on judicial examination from the point of view of legal technique in general and rule-making in particular is an example of legislative anachronism in which neither substantive nor formal requirements of the culture of law-making are properly observed, what directly complicates its implementation, compliance and application.
The need for injunctions of a general nature is emphasized with the purpose for a better understanding of the essence, objectives and content of specific injunctions. In general provisions of the basic act of forensic legislation it is offered to combine injunctions that define: the concept, terminology, content, legal basis, objectives, principles of forensic activity and their content, subject and object composition of forensic examination, as well as the powers of state, interdepartmental, departmental and public bodies on state regulation and forensic management.
It has been established that the content of most sources of forensic law testifies to the differentiation of their injunctions, which can be carried out in a special part according to three generic criteria: the type of forensic activity entity (based on departmental subordination, form of ownership); type of forensic examination; type of legal proceedings.
Arguments on the lack of a single scientifically based system of interconnected regulatory legal acts of forensic legislation are presented, which, as a result, created the social prerequisites for its systematization in the form of codification. The course of the highest degree of legislation perfection is substantiated, which should be presented in the form of Forensic Code of Ukraine.
CERTAIN ISSUES ON INTERACTIONAND COORDINATION OF UKRAINIAN FORENSIC INSTITUTIONS WORK WITH OTHER ENTITIES WHILE IMPLEMENTING PREVENTIVEACTIVITY
Authors: Snigerov O. , Filipenko N. 
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the conceptual principles, views and ideas on understanding the nature and forms of interaction of forensic institutions with law enforcement and judicial authorities in the implementation of preventive measures, considers its concept.
The correlation between the concepts of «interaction» and «coordination» has been studied, because one of the main problems that cannot be avoided in the forensic study of the phenomenon of expert prevention is the ambiguity of both scientific understanding and elaboration and practical application of the conceptual and categorical apparatus. In our opinion, the interaction of forensic institutions of Ukraine with other entities in the implementation of preventive activities should be understood based on laws and regulations, coordinated preventive activities of independent bodies to combine opportunities, methods and tools they have, to conduct an effective set of organizational, managerial, technical, scientific and other prevention measures. Interaction is carried out in two forms: procedural and non-procedural (organizational). The procedural form of interaction includes: conducting an examination to establish the circumstances that contributed to the commission of the offense (conducting an examination on preventive issues); establishing circumstances that are important for the prevention of offenses on the own initiative of the expert (use of the expert’s right to initiative); participation of an expert in investigative actions as a specialist; participation in the review of the scene and the reproduction of the situation and circumstances of the event; Advice from a specialist on the cessation of crimes can sometimes be provided by a specialist in the process of conducting operational and investigative measures (for example, recommendations for photographing non-commodity documents operatively), etc.
The next type of interaction and coordination of forensic institutions of Ukraine with other entities in the implementation of preventive activities are non-procedural (organizational) measures. In contrast to the procedural form of interaction, the emergence and development of organizational forms is not associated with the requirements of procedural law, but with the participants’ awareness of the need for cooperation based on mutual assistance and assistance to each other to more effectively achieve common goals.
The implementation of joint, coordinated preventive activities involves several mutually agreed stages, namely: interaction at the preparatory (information-analytical), main and final stages. It should be emphasized that in the professional literature the number and nature of these stages may differ.
THE CONCEPT OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE BOUNDARIES OF THEIR APPLICATION IN CIVIL AND ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Fesiunin V. , Kurdes E. , Sviridova L. 
Published: August 2021

It is emphasized that the need to involve specialists who possess special knowledge appears when the participants of civil and economic proceedings lack their own capabilities and knowledge, available methods and technical means of the entity cognition of such an activity, skills in application of such means and methods are insufficient for the effective collection, analysis, evaluation and use of information, establishment of specific facts, identification of hidden links, properties, features of the studied objects, performance of other tasks. Taking into account the fact that the meaning of the term special knowledge can be most fully disclosed only in connection with the elements of the proof procedure in civil or economic proceedings, the interpretation of the concept special knowledge was analyzed by scientists.
It is emphasized that a number of scientific papers, including dissertations, is devoted to consideration, analysis, and definition of the essence of the term special knowledge through disclosing its content. Therefore, the article highlighted particular positions of scientists and authors’ opinions regarding their point of view, the position of scientists in which the criteria considered that are used while studying and defining the essence of the concept special knowledge is suggested. It is stressed that the legal limits of the use of special knowledge in civil and economic proceedings are determined by the procedural law and court, taking into consideration the rules of correspondence, admissibility, reliability and sufficiency of evidence to resolve a particular civil case or commercial dispute. It is noted that the requirements for the above criteria are ensured in the procedural legislation and their detailed characteristics are given. It is established that the grounds for the use of special knowledge are formalized and include substantive and procedural grounds, in addition, their application requires the court to correctly determine the subject of proof in the case and identify the need to use special knowledge and skills of knowledgeable persons. The authors note that in economic and civil proceedings attention is focused on different purposes of involving specialists and forensic experts and, accordingly, on differences in procedural rights and responsibilities, as well as on the procedural significance of the results of such specialists’ use of their special knowledge.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPROPER ARRANGEMENT OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OCCURRENCE
Authors: Olkhov V. 
Published: August 2021

The daunting issues arising at experts and forensic bodies when appointing and conducting comprehensive road and pavement forensic investigation and road accident analysis (forensic expert examination) are considered. Types of traffic accidents provided by the statistics of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine are analyzed. A number of road accidents with victims committed in conditions of the road and settlements streets unsatisfactory state is defined.

More and more judicial and investigative bodies turn to forensic science institutes, in particular to KhRIFE, in order to determine whether the improper design of the road network affected the occurrence of an accident. In other words, the questions not only on the establishment of improper design of the road section where the accident occurred, but also on the existence of cause and effect relationship between the identified discrepancies and the accident are advanced for examination. The study of the above issues belongs to the forensic specialty 10.16 Road and Pavement Forensic Investigation. The demand for forensic research of improper design of the road network and the causes of accidents are constantly growing. At the same time, the practice of conducting road and pavement forensic investigation, namely the analysis of the materials provided for the study, shows that most criminal proceedings are investigated both while pre-trial investigation and in court for violation of traffic safety rules or transport operation by persons who drive vehicles. In the statistical report of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine, the data of road accidents are not classified as those that arose due to improper condition of roads and streets of settlements, and when conducting road and pavement forensic investigation it is established that improper design of the road network is in cause and effect relationship with the occurrence of an accident from a technical point of view.
DETERMINATION OF QUANTITATIVE CONTENT OF CHARGE STOCKS IN GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL BINARY MIXTURE
Authors: Rudniev V. , Klimchuk A. , Bui O. , Nardid L. , Koval V. 
Published: August 2021

An approach to establishing quantitative indicators of the composition of gasoline and diesel fuel mixtures with determination of the content of charge stocks is presented. Correctness indicator of the method, as a measure of deviation from a true value, was 6.5% volume while studying the model sample. As an auxiliary method for qualitative determination of gasoline or diesel fuel, the method of fractional distillation (distillation) at atmospheric pressure was used.
Determination of the fractional composition of the mixtures was carried out under normal conditions for charge stocks as well as their mixtures with a concentration range of predominantly 10% volume. Research has shown a significant increase in the final boiling point temperature with availability of even a small amount of diesel fuel in gasoline as well as decrease in the initial boiling point when adding gasoline to diesel fuel.
The study by gas-liquid chromatography method made it possible to establish an approximate boundary of gasoline components redistribution: diesel fuel mixtures when their proportions are changed. It was noted that the main redistribution of components occurs before and after adding n-Nonane which content in gasolines and diesel fuels is relatively small. Using the ratio of the sum of point areas eluting before n-Decane (without n-Nonane) and after n-Decane (including n-Nonane), considering unidentified ones, as the distribution coefficient of the source k components , it was possible to establish proportions of source components.
The k coefficient dependence on the content of diesel fuel is nonlinear. Transition to linear relationship in the coordinates of the linear logarithm of the k coefficient and the content of diesel fuel showed the presence of strong negative correlation with the values of the coefficient of reliability of approximation from -0.982 to -0.997 for model mixtures. The practical application of the k coefficient to determine the content of gasoline and diesel fuel can be recommended when constructing narrow calibration dependences in the range from 20 to 40% (vol.) of the target component.
PECULIARITIES OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY FORENSIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC EXAMINATIONS APPOINTMENT
Authors: Rudzevych R. 
Published: August 2021

A growing number of crimes in the field of construction necessitates the development of a certain course of actions aimed to ensure their speedy disclosure.
Forensic expert practice shows that the most common violation while conducting construction work involving budget funds is overvaluation of cost of carried out construction work.
Investigation of complex mechanisms of committing crimes in the construction field is impossible without the use of special construction and technical knowledge, and illegal transfer of budget funds cannot be established without special economic knowledge.
Attention should be drawn to multidisciplinary forensic structural engineering and economic examination, as an effective procedural instrument for seeking truth while investigating economic crimes in this area.
The article considers peculiarities of forensic economic examination appointment during investigation of crimes in the construction field. The existing problems and shortcomings that arise in practice when assigning multidisciplinary forensic structural engineering and economic examination are outlined. An example of the most common task that arises while investigation of economic crimes in the field of construction and progress of its implementation are provided.