bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Function and Breathing Patterns in Hospitalised COVID-19 Survivors: a Review of Post-COVID-19 Clinics
Authors: Stockley James , Alhuthail Eyas A , Coney Andrew M , Parekh Dhruv , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Gautam Nandan , Madathil Shyam , Cooper Brendan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: There is relatively little published on the effects of COVID-19 on respiratory physiology, particularly breathing patterns. We sought to determine if there were lasting detrimental effect following hospital discharge and if these related to the severity of COVID-19.Methods: We reviewed lung function and breathing patterns in COVID-19 survivors >3 months after discharge, comparing patients who had been admitted to the intensive therapy unit (ITU) (n=47) to those who just received ward treatments (n=45). Lung function included spirometry and gas transfer and breathing patterns were measured with structured light plethysmography. Continuous data were compared with an independent t-test or Mann Whitney-U test (depending on distribution) and nominal data were compared using a Fisher’s exact test (for 2 categories in 2 groups) or a chi-squared test (for >2 categories in 2 groups). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.Results: We found evidence of pulmonary restriction (reduced vital capacity and/or alveolar volume) in 65.4% of all patients. 36.1% of all patients has a reduced transfer factor (TLCO) but the majority of these (78.1%) had a preserved/increased transfer coefficient (KCO), suggesting an extrapulmonary cause. There were no major differences between ITU and ward lung function although KCO alone was higher in the ITU patients (p = 0.03). This could be explained partly by obesity, respiratory muscle fatigue, localised microvascular changes, or haemosiderosis from lung damage. Abnormal breathing patterns were observed in 18.8% of subjects, although no consistent pattern of breathing pattern abnormalities was evident.Conclusions: An “extrapulmonary restrictive” like pattern appears to be a common phenomenon in previously admitted COVID-19 survivors. Whilst the cause of this is not clear, the effects seem to be similar on patients whether or not they received mechanical ventilation or had ward based respiratory support/supplemental oxygen.
YouTube as a Source of Information during the Covid-19Pandemic: A Content Analysis of YouTube Videos published During January to March 2020
Authors: Parabhoi Lambodara Parabhoi Lambodara , Sahu Ramani Ranjan Sahu Ramani Ranjan , Dewey Rebecca Susan Dewey Dr. Rebecca Susan , Verma Manoj Kumar Verma Dr Manoj Kumar , Seth Arbind Seth Mr. Arbind , Parabhoi Damodar Parabhoi Damodar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Institutions, government departments, and healthcare professionals engage in social media because it facilitates reaching a large number of people simultaneously. YouTube provides a platform whereby anyone can upload videos and gain feedback on their content from other users. There are many YouTube videos related to health and science, and many people search YouTube for health-related information. YouTube has been acknowledged as a key public information source in recent crises caused by Zika, H1N1, swine flu, and most recently, COVID-19.
Methods

YouTube videos were collected from the YouTube Application Programming Interface (API) using the search terms COVID-19, coronavirus, COVID19, and corona. The search was conducted on April 4 and 5, 2020.The initial search found a total of 1084 videos. The second step involved identifying and verifying the videos for their relationship to COVID-19 information and excluding videos that did not relate to COVID-19 or were in a language other than English and Hindi.
Results

An analysis of YouTube videos covering COVID-19, uploaded in early 2020, in English and Hindi. The sample comprised 349 videos (n = 334 English). Videos were characterized by contributor, duration, content, and reception (views/likes/dislikes/comments). The majority contained general information, with only 4.01% focusing on symptoms, and 11.17% on treatment and outcomes. Short videos of under 10 minutes’ duration were the most effective. Videos provided by government/health organizations were of the highest quality. 71.63% of videos were uploaded by news channels.
Conclusions

YouTube may provide a significant resource for the dissemination of information on public health issues like outbreaks of viral infections, and should be utilized by healthcare agencies for this purpose. However, there is currently no way to determine whether a video has been produced or verified by authorized healthcare professionals. This limitation needs to be addressed so that the vital distribution services offered by platforms like YouTube can be fully utilized for increasing understanding of healthcare science, particularly during a crisis such as a pandemic.
Ecological niche models applied to post-megafire vegetation restoration in the context of climate change
Authors: García María Cristina Carrillo , Girola-Iglesias Lucas , Guijarro Mercedes , Hernando Carmen , Madrigal Javier , Mateo Rubén G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Context

Climate change and land-use changes are the main drivers altering fire regime and leading to the occurrence of megafires. Current management policies focus on short-term restoration without considering how climate change affects regeneration dynamics.
Objectives

We aimed to test the usefulness of ecological niche models (ENMs) in post-fire restoration plans, assessing the short and long-term effects (climate change) of tree species distribution. We, also, examined different important conceptual and methodological aspects.
Methods

We executed ENM for the four main tree species in an area affected by a megafire in Central Spain following a hierarchical approach and precise resolution (25 meters), at two scales (local and regional), two sampling strategies (regular 2 years after the fire, and opportunistic 14 years after the fire) at local scale, and under two future climate change scenarios.
Results

ENMs were reliable (AUC > 0.9). Local models generated with data from an opportunistic sampling strategy in a stable phase of vegetation succession (14 years after the fire) provided valuable information for decision-making in post-fire management for current time. But, regional models are capable of projecting the whole climatic niche of species to determine the potential effect of climate change on the vegetation.
Conclusion

The usefulness of ENMs as support tools in decision-making for post-fire management was confirmed for the first time. ENMs projected at different scales provide valuable information for decision-making in post-fire management. This framework can be applied in other areas to manage the restoration of areas affected by megafires considering climate change scenarios.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of biobased packaging solutions for Extended Shelf-Life (ESL) milk
Authors: Cappiello Giulia , Aversa Clizia , Genovesi Annalisa , Barletta Massimiliano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dairy market is one of the most important sectors worldwide and milk packaging contributes to over one third of the global dairy packaging demand. The end-of-life of the disposable packages is a critical stage of their life cycle, as demonstrated by the fact that disposable bottles are one of the litter items that are most found on beach shores. The aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of Bio-plastic bottles compared to other alternatives currently in use in the milk packaging sector, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Bio-compostable plastic can be a powerful means to create a circular economy for disposable items. A PLA-based bottle is compared to a PET bottle, a HDPE bottle, a Multilayer carton and a Glass bottle. In the analysis, also secondary and tertiary packaging is included. The functional unit chosen is “the packaging needed to contain 1 litre of ESL milk and to guarantee a shelf life of 30 days”. Two sensitivity analysis are also performed in order to assess the influence of the end-of-life stage on the total impact. The results show that Bioplastic system has a better performance than fossil-based systems and Multilayer carton in the categories of Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, Human toxicity and Freshwater Eutrophication. The recycling scenario strongly changes the impact of the Glass packaging system in the considered categories.
Prognostic Value of Different N1 Lymph Node Zones in pN1M0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer：A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Hu Fengling , Lin Chutong , Chu Hongling , Ren Peng , Wang Jingdi , Ma Shaohua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The IASLC lymph node map grouped the lymph node stations into "zones" for prognostic analyses. In the N1 lymph nodes group, N1 nodes are divided into the Hilar/Interlobar zone (N1h) and Peripheral zone (N1p). There is no consensus on the different prognostic values of N1 lymph nodes in N1h and N1p. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the survival difference between N1h and N1p in patients of pN1M0 NSCLC. Methods: Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of science were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published up to April 4th, 2020. A retrospective cohort study and prospective cohort study comparing N1h vs. N1p to the pN1M0 NSCLC were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) for OS were aggregated according to a fixed or random-effect model.Results: Ten publications for 1946 patients of pN1M0 NSCLC were included for the meta-analysis. OS was lower for patients with N1h (HR: 1.67, 95%CI 1.44-1.94; P < 0.001). The pooled 5-year OS in N1h and N1p were 40% and 56%, respectively.Conclusions: The patients in pN1M0 NSCLC have different survival according to different N1 lymph node zones involvement: patients with N1p metastasis have a better prognosis than those with N1h metastasis.
Multiomics Study of Key Differentially Expressed Methylation Genes in HCC Based on Epigenome and Transcriptome Analyses
Authors: Wang Yu , Qi Fei , Wang Xun , Jin Shi , He Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: To screen out key differentially expressed methylation genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by extracting data from the NCBI-GEO and TCGA databases, discuss the interaction of key genes in HCC and explore the influence of these genes on tumor progression.Methods: The clinical information and sequence data of HCC patients and healthy controls were extracted from the NCBI-GEO and TCGA databases. The module that presented the highest correlation with the tumor phenotypes was selected by the WGCNA network and TOM analysis. GO and KEGG analyses were used for signaling pathway analysis. Key differentially expressed genes were screened out from the module. KM plot analysis was performed to determine the impact of key genes on patient survival. The relationship between core genes and tumor immune infiltration was also discussed. Drug sensitivity analysis was performed to observe the sensitivity of key genes methylated by chemotherapeutic drugs and thus determine the associated effects on patient prognosis. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of the genes involved in tumor progression were analyzed by GSVA, and the interactions between key genes were revealed using Gene MANIA analysis.Results: A total of 373 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 88 upregulated genes and 285 downregulated genes. Three of these genes, CHST4, CRHBP, and IGFBP3, were found to be abnormally methylated in HCC patients and significantly associated with expected survival. The relationship between these key genes and tumor immune invasion was confirmed, and these genes play a protumor or antitumor role through immune cell mediation. In addition, we found that CHST4 and IGFBP3 expression can significantly reduce the sensitivity of several commonly used chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, while CRHBP expression plays a synergistic role with chemotherapy drugs to enhance mutual effects. The participation of these genes in specific signaling pathways involved in liver metabolism and tumor progression has also been identified. Finally, complex interactions between the three core genes and other related genes were presented.Conclusion: The CHST4, CRHBP and IGFBP3 genes present significant methylation and differential expression in HCC, are involved in tumor immune infiltration, and affect chemotherapy drug sensitivity. As potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, they may be beneficial to the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients in the future.
Newcastle disease virus-induced caspase-independent apoptosis pathway in BHK-21 cells
Authors: Wang Chen-Wei , Lin Chia-Ying , Chung Sheng-Chang , Shih Wen-Ling , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Thongchan Duangsuda​ , wu hung-yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important virus for humans. It is highly lethal in fowl and is newly identified as an oncolytic virus for cancer treatment. In vivo, NDV induces spleen, thymus, bursa, and mesenteric gland cell apoptosis, thereby causing immunosuppression. In vitro , NDV can induce apoptosis by caspase-dependent pathways including the mitochondria-mediated pathway and death receptor-mediated pathway. Methods: In this study, the major materials were baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, NDV virus ( Miyadera strain; 10 3.8 TCID 50 /μl), and pan-caspase inhibiter Z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk). All of the experiments used a viral infection MOI of 1. Apoptosis was confirmed using DNA fragmentation and TUNEL assay. Finally, the apoptosis-independent pathway was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Results: In this study, we differentiate between the caspase group and caspase inhibition group (added 100 µM pan-caspase inhibitor [z-VAD-fmk]) in BHK-21 cells treated with NDV at 0, 12, and 24 h. In the DNA fragmentation and TUNEL assays, the apoptosis appears at 12 h and apoptosis increases over time, regardless of caspase or not. In protein level determination, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased over time, which is the opposite of how the proapoptotic proteins Bax, cytochrome C, Mst3, and AIF behaved. Further, using western blot and immunofluorescent staining, we checked the AIF and Endo G translocation from the mitochondria (cytoplasmic) to the nucleus. In addition to apoptosis, we found that NDV treatment of BHK-21 cells decreased actin, regardless of caspase. The actin always decreased in the NDV-treated BHK-21 cells at 12 and 24 h. Conclusions: NDV-mediated BHK-21 cell apoptosis mechanisms involve complex pathway; when in the normal state, the caspase-dependent pathway is main apoptosis pathway; when the caspase is suppressed, the BHK-21 can switch on the caspase-independent pathway by AIF, Endo G, or Mst3 to allow apoptosis to continue.
Changes in adult smoking behaviours in ten Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) countries during 2008-2018 - a test of ‘hardening’ hypothesis
Authors: Sreeramare Chandrashekhar T , Aye Saint Nway 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Hardcore smoking behaviours and test of hardening are seldom reported from low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). We report country-wise changes in smoking behaviors between two sequential surveys and explored ecologically the relationship between MPOWER scores and smoking behaviors including hardcore smoking. Methods We analysed sequential Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data done at least at five years interval in 10 countries namely India, Bangladesh, China, Mexico, Philippines, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam. We estimated weighted prevalence rates of smoking behaviors namely current smoking (both daily and non-daily), prevalence of hardcore smoking (HCS) among current smokers (HCSs%) and entire surveyed population (HCSp%), quit ratios (QR), and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). We calculated absolute and relative (%) change of rates between two surveys in each country. Using aggregate data, we correlated relative change in current smoking prevalence with relative change in HCSs% and HCSp% as well explored the relationship of MPOWER score with relative change in smoking behaviors using Spearman’ rank correlation test. Results Overall daily smoking has declined in all ten countries lead by a 23% decline in Russia. In India, Bangladesh, and Philippines HCSs% decreased as the smoking rate decreased while HCSs% increase in Turkey (66%), Vietnam (33%) and Ukraine (15%). In most countries, CPD ranged from 15 - 20 sticks except in Mexico (7.8), and India (10.4) where CPD declined by 18% and 22% respectively. MPOWER scores were moderately and significantly correlated with HCSs% in both sexes (r=0.578, p=0.023) and HCSp% (r= 0.489, p=0.057) and among women both HCSs% (r=0.667, p=0.009) and HCSp% (r=0.533, p=0.037) were significantly correlated with MPOWER scores. Conclusion With declining smoking prevalence, HCS had also decreased and quit rates improved. Ecologically, a positive linear relationship between changes in smoking and HCS is a possible evidence against ‘hardening’. Continued monitoring of the changes in quitting and hardcore smoking behaviours is required to plan cessation services.
Synthesis of Magnetic Targeted Cellulose Composite Decorated with Poly(AA-DMC) for Synergistic Adsorption Degradation of Congo Red from Organic Wastewater
Authors: Ling Chen , Yimin Dai , Qi Lu , Chengqian Fang , Zhiheng Wang , Shengyun Wang , Yue-fei Zhang , Yan Li , Li Wan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A brand-new environmental-friendly magnetic cellulosic adsorbent MnFe2O4@Cel-g-p(AA-DMC) was synthesized by natural cellulose and easy-recovered magnetic particles MnFe2O4. Magnetic cellulose composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, BET, VSM, TGA and FTIR. The MnFe2O4NPs could activate the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce various reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accordingly, magnetic cellulose composites can synergistic adsorption degradation of dyes from organic wastewater. The Congo red (CR) removal efficiency by MnFe2O4@Cel-g-p(AA-DMC) via PMS activated by MnFe2O4 reached a maximum of 96.9% and only 9% reduction after four adsorption-desorption cycles, indicating the stability and recoverability of adsorbent. It is worth noting that adsorbents can be quickly recovered from aqueous solution by external magnet owing to superior saturation magnetization (35.44 emu·g-1). A possible degradation mechanism of CR on the MnFe2O4@Cel-g-p(AA-DMC) composite was proposed. The results suggest that adsorbent display strong potential for the removal of CR dyes from organic wastewater.
Effects of rTMS and tDCS on neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study
Authors: de Assis Erickson Duarte Bonifácio , Martins Wanessa Kallyne Nascimento , de Carvalho Carolina Dias , Ferreira Clarice Martins , Gomes Ruth , Rodrigues Evelyn Thais Almeida , Meira Ussânio Mororó , Morya Edgard , Andrade Suellen Marinho 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) after brachial plexus injury (NPBPI) is a highly disabling clinical condition and is increasingly prevalent due to increased motorcycle accidents. Currently, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) in patients suffering from NPBPI. In this study, we directly compare the efficacy of 10-Hz rTMS and anodal 2 mA tDCS techniques applied over the motor cortex (5 daily consecutive sessions) in 21 patients with NPBPI, allocated into 2 parallel groups (active or sham). The order of the sessions was randomised for each of these treatment groups according to a crossover design and separated by a 30-day interval. Scores for “continuous” and “paroxysmal” pain (primary outcome) were tabulated after the last stimulation day and 30 days after. Secondary outcomes included the improvement in multidimensional aspects of pain, anxiety state and quality of life. Active rTMS and tDCS were both superior to sham in reducing continuous (p < 0,001) and paroxysmal pain (p = 0.04) as well as in multidimensional aspects of pain and anxiety state. Repetitive TMS was superior to tDCS in reducing continuous (p = 0.01) and paroxysmal pain (p = 0.03), and in improving multidimensional aspects of pain (p = 0.01). Our results suggest rTMS and tDCS are able to treat NPBPI with little distinction in pain and anxiety state, which may promote the use of tDCS in brachial plexus injury pain management, as it constitutes an easier and more available technique.
Incidence of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting and Antiemetic Guideline Compliance in Chinese Real Clinical Setting: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Survey
Authors: Xue Cong , Li Lu , Xia Qing , An Xin , Li Haifeng , Huang Riqing , Hou Mei , Yuan Xianglin , Chen Xi , Ba Yi , Zhang Yiping , Zhao Lingdi , Shi Yuankai , Hu Xichun , Yang Shune , Cheng Jing , Luo Yi , Liang Hui , Zou Qingfeng , Han Zhengxiang , Gu Kangsheng , Niu Zuoxing , Gao Yuhuan , Xia Li , Yang Runxiang , Xiong Jianping , Bu Qing , Jiang Xiaodong , Xie Xiaodong , Sun Tao , Zhang Qingyuan , Ma Shoucheng , Tan Shisheng , Li Miao , Wang Ningju , Wang Xiumei , Feng Jifeng , Jiang Wenqi , Shi Yanxia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background This survey aims to investigate the incidence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in Chinese real clinical setting and evaluate the effect of guideline-consistent CINV prophylaxis (GCCP) and guideline-inconsistent CINV prophylaxis (GICP) on incidence of complete response (CR) of CINV.Materials and Methods A cross-sectional nationwide multicenter study assessing the guideline consistency and CINV incidence of patients was conducted at a total of 32 large medical centers from 26 provinces across the west,east༌northeast and middle part of China between April and May 2021.Result Data for 2964 patients were analyzed. Patients treated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) were more prone to experience CINV during the acute phase compared to those receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC); patients receiving low or minimally emetogenic chemotherapy (L/mEC) were least likely to experience CINV during the overall phase among the whole study population. The prevalence of GCCP was 29.2% in the whole study population, and 13.6%, 35.7% and 45.1% for the patients receiving HEC, MEC and L/mEC, respectively. For patients receiving HEC and MEC, GCCP increased incidence of CR during both delayed and overall phases. For those receiving L/mEC and GICP, incidence of CR was not higher than that of patients receiving L/mEC and GCCP.Conclusion This study revealed Chinese CINV status, the prevalence of GCCP in the real clinical setting and the association between GCCP and CR rate for the first time. The findings indicate that prescribing antiemetics in compliance with guidelines for all patients receiving chemotherapy is strongly suggested.
New Type of Solitary Wave Solution With the Coexisting Peak and Valley for a Perturbed Wave Equation
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Wang Jundong , Shchepakina Elena , Sobolev Vladimir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The perturbed mK(3,1) equation is restudied to further explore the dynamics of solitary wave solutions by combining the geometric singular perturbation theorem and bifurcation analysis in this paper. Besides the solitary waves presented in literature, we show that this equation possesses a family of solitary waves which decay to some constants determined by their wave speeds and a parameter. It is shown that a portion of the solitary wave solutions to the mK(3,1) equation will persist under small perturbations and the wave speed selection principle is presented as well. In addition to the solitary waves, each of which has only one peak or valley and approximates to a solitary wave of the unperturbed equation as the perturbation parameter tends to zero, we theoretically prove the existence of a new type of solitary waves with the coexisting peak and valley. The numerical simulations are carried out, and the results are in complete agreement with our theoretical analysis.