bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric nurses' burnout, quality of life and perceived patient adverse events during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Testing an integrated model using structural equation modelling
Authors: Khatatbeh Haitham , Al‐Dwaikat Tariq , Rababah Jehad , Oláh András , Pakai Annamária 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeA model was hypothesised by integrating two theoretical models: the compassion satisfaction‐compassion fatigue and empowerment models. This study aimed to assess the extent to which this integrated model can explain the relationships between paediatric nurses' burnout quality of life, perceived patient safety and work‐related variables during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundNurses' burnout is negatively associated with quality of life (QOL) and positively with patient safety. Several theoretical models were introduced to explain burnout determinants and outcomes such as Golembiewski, Munzenrider and Stevenson model, Leiter and Maslach's process model, and Lee and Ashforth's model. However, few models described burnout in relation to QOL or patient safety.MethodsA sample of 225 paediatric nurses responded to questionnaires about burnout, QOL, adverse events and work‐related variables. Compassion satisfaction ‐ compassion fatigue and empowerment models were integrated into a single model and tested using structural equation modelling analysis. This study was prepared and is reported according to the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe final model explained 65% of the variance of burnout and 37% of the variance of QOL. The work‐related variables (co‐workers' support, job satisfaction, satisfaction with the monthly salary, participation in continuous education and exposure to violence) are predicting paediatric nurses' burnout and quality of life.ConclusionThe Compassion satisfaction ‐ compassion fatigue ‐Empowerment integrated model allows for assessing the different paths in the relationship between work‐related variables and burnout.Relevance to clinical practiceThese results might be essential for nursing managers to develop strategies that improve nurses' work environment and minimise their burnout during COVID‐19 pandemic. These strategies should focus on enhancing co‐workers' support, job satisfaction and participation in continuous education. Furthermore, paediatric nurses should be protected from any violence.
Research progress on diarrhoea and its mechanism in weaned piglets fed a high‐protein diet
Authors: Xia Jiangying , Fan Haoyue , Yang Ju , Song Tianhao , Pang Lianfeng , Deng Huidan , Ren Zhihua , Deng Junliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to pursue faster growth and development of weaned piglets, increased dietary protein (CP) levels were favoured by the pig industry and the feed industry. The digestive organs of piglets were not fully developed at weaning, and the digestive absorption capacity of protein was limited. High‐protein diets can cause allergic reactions in piglets, destroy intestinal structural integrity, reduce immunity, and cause intestinal flora imbalance. Undigested proteins were prone to produce toxic substances, such as ammonia and biogenic amines, after fermentation in the hindgut, which negatively affects the health of the intestine and eventually causes reduced growth performance and diarrhoea in piglets. This review revealed the mechanism of diarrhoea caused by high‐protein diets in weaned piglets and provided ideas for preventing diarrhoea in weaned piglets.
Addressing urban disorder without police: How Seattle'sLEADprogram responds tobehavioral‐health‐relateddisruptions, resolves business complaints, and reconfigures the field of public safety
Authors: Stuart Forrest , Beckett Katherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the late twentieth century, as part of a broad effort to maximize the profitability of commercial spaces and address the complaints of business interests, cities have increasingly criminalized the presence and behavior of populations perceived as disorderly. The resulting police interactions produce a range of deleterious outcomes, particularly for individuals contending with mental health and substance use disorders, homelessness, and other behavioral health concerns. Against this backdrop, we provide a case study of Let Everyone Advance with Dignity (LEAD), a novel public safety intervention developed in Seattle, Washington. LEAD diverts businesses' disorder complaints from police and 911 toward program personnel who provide long‐term harm reduction services and resources. LEAD's non‐punitive approach has demonstrated success in reducing the harms of criminalization, improving individual outcomes, satisfying business grievances, and, more broadly, disrupting the defining logic and practices of neoliberal urbanism. LEAD's successes carry theoretical implications, demonstrating the need for nonpolice alternatives to reconfigure the organizational field of public safety by intervening into the longstanding coalition between businesses and police. The LEAD model also offers insights about the concrete steps necessary to ensure public safety and community vitality without police involvement.
Global epidemiological burden of fungal infections in cirrhosis patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Verma Nipun , Singh Shreya , Singh Manvi , Chauhan Anil , Pradhan Pranita , Jaiswal Nishant , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Singh Meenu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsFungal infections (FIs) have serious implications, yet understated in cirrhosis. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiology and trends of FIs among cirrhotics.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for full‐text articles describing prevalence of FIs in cirrhosis. Studies from post‐transplant, malignancy and classical‐immuno‐deficiency patients were excluded. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was done to pool estimates of FIs (overall, and by type and infection‐site), and their variation(I2) was explored on moderator‐analysis and meta‐regression. Risk of bias and asymmetry in estimates was assessed by a checklist and Egger's regression, respectively.(CRD42019142782).ResultsThirty‐four low‐risk and four moderate‐risk studies (31 984 cirrhotics) were included. Pooled estimates of overall FIs (17 studies), invasive fungal infections (IFIs; 17 studies), invasive candidiasis (23 studies) and invasive aspergillosis (16 studies) in cirrhosis were 10.2%(6.0‐16.9), 9.5%(5.4‐16.2), 4.0%(2.0‐8.0) and 2.8%(1.5‐5.3), respectively (I2 > 90%;each). Site of FIs in decreasing order of pooled prevalence was pulmonary, urinary tract, bloodstream, peritoneal, oesophageal and cerebral. Geographic differences in these estimates were remarkable, with highest burden of overall FIs from Belgium, the United States and India. Non‐albicans‐Candida and Aspergillus infections have increased over the last decade in cirrhosis. Intensive‐care‐unit (ICU)‐admitted and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients had the highest prevalence of IFIs. MELD score(cases), bias score and sample size across studies were the predictors of variance in overall FI estimates. Diabetes, steroid and broad‐spectrum antibiotic‐exposure, and multiple organ failures were the common predispositions reported in patients with FIs.ConclusionsFIs impose a substantial burden in cirrhosis. ACLF and ICU admission should be considered as a host factor for defining IFIs. Epidemiology of FIs can guide interpretation of biomarkers and antifungal treatment in cirrhosis.
For Better or For Worse: Impacts of IoT Technology in e‐Commerce Channel
Authors: Sun Can , Ji Yonghua 
Published: November 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) technology utilizes sensors and other internet‐enabled devices to collect and share data. It is widely regarded as a disruptive technology that brings tremendous opportunities to supply chain members. This study uses a game‐theoretical model to study an e‐commerce setting in which an online platform provides IoT infrastructure and a manufacturer sells its products on the platform. Our work examines the interaction among the manufacturer's IoT investment decision, the platform's choice of pricing models, and the platform's transfer payment strategy. We solve the model analytically and obtain several interesting findings. Our study shows that the manufacturer in a wholesale pricing model is more likely to invest, and invests more, in IoT technology than in an agency one. One surprising finding is that both the manufacturer and the channel performance could be hurt by an increase in IoT technology value in certain situations. Also surprisingly, even having the option of investing in IoT technology by the manufacturer can make both the manufacturer and the channel performance worse off. Therefore, the advancement of IoT technology might not benefit either manufacturers or the whole industry, although e‐commerce platform giants and the news media have been advocating the benefits of IoT technology enthusiastically in recent years. Our results should concern both device manufacturers who contemplate adopting or have adopted IoT technology and policymakers who are interested in overall channel performance.
Post‐castration prostatic involution: A morphometric and endocrine study of healthy canines and those with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Cazzuli Guillermo , Damián Juan Pablo , Molina Estela , Pessina Paula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of castration on dimensions of the prostate by B‐mode ultrasound for 90 days, as well as to evaluate changes in serum concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol in clinically healthy canines and those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Three groups of animals were used: healthy canines castrated on day 0 (HCC, n = 8), canines with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPHC, n = 9) castrated on day 0 and healthy uncastrated canines (IHCC, n = 10). Prostate size was obtained by B‐mode ultrasound, while blood samples were collected (days 0, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 post‐castration) to determine the serum testosterone and oestradiol concentration. Castration did not affect serum oestradiol concentrations. Castration led to a decrease in serum testosterone (reaching values <20 ng/dl in the first week, p < .05), causing a gradual decrease in dimensions of prostate parameters relative to body weight (p < .05). Canines with BPHC had similar prostate dimensions as the IHCC group 2 weeks post‐castration. In relation to the prostate's relative parameters, the decrease with time was greater in canines with BPHC than those in the HCC group. When evaluating parameters as a percentage of relative change, the decrease with time was similar in both castrated groups, except for relative length percentage, which presented a more pronounced decline in BPHC canines than HCC canines. In conclusion, castration is an effective, fast and long‐lasting treatment for canine patients with BPH, as it causes a rapid decrease in blood testosterone concentrations and a decrease in glandular volume, but does not affect serum oestradiol concentrations. This study did not determine the mechanisms of action, but allowed us to observe (based on morphometric variables) that characteristics of prostate involution after castration differed between canines with BPH and healthy canines.
Bringing sedimentology and stratigraphy into the StraboSpot data management system
Authors: Duncan Casey J. , Chan Marjorie A. , Hajek Elizabeth , Kamola Diane , Roberts Nicolas M. , Tikoff Basil , Walker J. Douglas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe StraboSpot data system provides field-based geologists the ability to digitally collect, archive, query, and share data. Recent efforts have expanded this data system with the vocabulary, standards, and workflow utilized by the sedimentary geology community. A standardized vocabulary that honors typical workflows for collecting sedimentologic and stratigraphic field and laboratory data was developed through a series of focused workshops and vetted/refined through subsequent workshops and field trips. This new vocabulary was designed to fit within the underlying structure of StraboSpot and resulted in the expansion of the existing data structure. Although the map-based approach of StraboSpot did not fully conform to the workflow for sedimentary geologists, new functions were developed for the sedimentary community to facilitate descriptions, interpretations, and the plotting of measured sections to document stratigraphic position and relationships between data types. Consequently, a new modality was added to StraboSpot—Strat Mode—which now accommodates sedimentary workflows that enable users to document stratigraphic positions and relationships and automates construction of measured stratigraphic sections. Strat Mode facilitates data collection and co-location of multiple data types (e.g., descriptive observations, images, samples, and measurements) in geographic and stratigraphic coordinates across multiple scales, thus preserving spatial and stratigraphic relationships in the data structure. Incorporating these digital technologies will lead to better research communication in sedimentology through a common vocabulary, shared standards, and open data archiving and sharing.
Fixation in the Transport of Lower Limb Casualties
Authors: Martin P. G. C. 
Published: November 2021

Summary(1) The principles of treatment of battle wounds are reiterated.(2) A summary of methods of fixation of the injured lower limb is made.(3) Plaster spica fixation as soon as possible is urged, and a method of application of such a plaster where no special apparatus is at hand is described.
Abnormal Reactions to Punishment
Authors: Prewer R. R. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryNaval offenders sometimes react abnormally to confinement, but these reactions are familiar in civil prisons ; the great majority are impulsive or hysterical in nature, but a conscious element of deception is usually present also. Certain methods of treating such cases are described. The undesirability of discharging men to hospital for needle-swallowing and other forms of self-injury has been stressed.
Low level of complement factor H increases the risk of cancer-related death in patients with small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Xiang Mengqi , Zhang Huachuan , Kou Lingna , Chen Jing , Xu Zhihua , He Jintao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary cancer is a kind of deeply invasive tumour which is difficult to treat, and its mortality rate is high. Previous research has shown that activation of complement could contribute to the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, little research has been done on SCLC.MethodsComplement factor H (CFH), complements C3 as well as C4 were measured in patients, and the prognostic impact of different parameters was assessed by log-rank function analysis and Cox multifactor models. Besides, we constructed a predictive model based on complement fractions and validated the accuracy of the model.ResultsAmong these 242 patients, 200 (82.6%) died. The median survival time was 18.3 months. We found by multifactorial analysis that high levels of CFH decreased the risk of death (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.57, p&lt;0.001), while elevated complement C4 displayed poor prognosis (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.13, p&lt;0.001). We screened variables by Cox models and constructed CFH-based prediction models to plot a nomogram by internal validation. The nomogram showed excellent accuracy in assessing the probability of death, yielding an adjusted C-statistics of 0.905.ConclusionsCFH can be recognised as a biomarker to predict the risk of death in SCLC. The prediction model established based on CFH, C3 and C4 levels has good accuracy in patients’ prognostic assessment.
Macrophage Regulation of the Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Al-Janabi Haider , Lewis Claire E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the front-line treatment for early and metastatic prostate cancer, and the development of tumor resistance to it has major clinical consequences. Cancer cells start to proliferate and tumors begin to regrow, requiring the administration of more generic anticancer treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages are known to drive tumor resistance to a number of anti-cancer therapies. El-Kenawi and colleagues now demonstrate a novel mechanism underpinning their ability to do so in prostate tumors during ADT. This involves the accumulation of cholesterol by macrophages in tumors and its transfer to cancer cells, where it acts as a precursor for androgen biosynthesis and results in the activation of androgen receptors.
See related article by El-Kenawi and colleagues, p. 5477
Sex Differences in Ablation Strategy, Lesion Sets, and Complications of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis From the GWTG-AFIB Registry
Authors: Yunus Fahd N. , Perino Alexander C. , Holmes DaJuanicia N. , Matsouaka Roland A. , Curtis Anne B. , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Frankel David S. , Knight Bradley P. , Russo Andrea M. , Lewis William R. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Turakhia Mintu P. , Day John , Desai Nihar , Feld Gregory K. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hurwitz Jodie L. , Joglar Jose , Sheth Kevin , Sidhu Mandeep 
Published: November 2021

Background:
When presenting for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, women, compared with men, tend to have more nonpulmonary vein triggers and advanced atrial disease. Whether this informs differences in AF ablation strategy is not well described. We aimed to characterize ablation strategy and complications by sex, using the Get With The Guidelines-AF registry.

Methods:
From the Get With The Guidelines-AF registry ablation feature, we included patients who underwent initial AF ablation procedure between January 7, 2016, and December 27, 2019. Patients were stratified based on AF type (paroxysmal versus nonparoxysmal) and sex. We compared patient demographics, ablation strategy, and complications by sex.

Results:

Among 5356 patients from 31 sites who underwent AF ablation, 1969 were women (36.8%). Women, compared with men, were older (66.8±9.6 versus 63.4±10.6,
P
<0.0001) and were more likely to have paroxysmal AF (59.4% versus 49.5%,
P
<0.0001). In women with nonparoxysmal AF, left atrial linear ablation was more frequent (roof line: 53.9% versus 45.3%,
P
=0.0002; inferior mitral isthmus line: 10.2% versus 7.0%,
P
=0.01; floor line: 46.1% versus 40.6%,
P
=0.02) than in men. In multivariable analysis, the association between patient sex and complications from ablation was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
In this US wide AF ablation quality improvement registry, women with nonparoxysmal AF were more likely to receive adjunctive lesion sets compared with men. These findings suggest that patient sex may inform ablation strategy in ways that may not be strongly supported by evidence and emphasize the need to clarify optimal ablation strategies by sex.
Investigation of Sea Spray Effect on the Vertical Momentum Transport Using an Eulerian Multifluid-Type Model
Authors: Rastigejev Yevgenii , Suslov Sergey A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Eulerian multifluid mathematical model is developed to describe the marine atmospheric boundary layer laden with sea spray under the high-wind condition of a hurricane. The model considers spray and air as separate continuous interacting turbulent media and employs the multifluidE–ϵ closure. Each phase is described by its own set of coupled conservation equations and characterized by its own velocity. Such an approach enables us to accurately quantify the interaction between spray and air and pinpoint the effect of spray on the vertical momentum transport much more precisely than could be done with traditional mixture-type approaches. The model consistently quantifies the effect of spray inertia and the suppression of air turbulence due to two different mechanisms: the turbulence attenuation, which results from the inability of spray droplets to fully follow turbulent fluctuations, and the vertical transport of spray against the gravity by turbulent eddies. The results of numerical and asymptotic analyses show that the turbulence suppression by spray overpowers its inertia several meters above wave crests, resulting in a noticeable wind acceleration and the corresponding reduction of the drag coefficient from the reference values for a spray-free atmosphere. This occurs at much lower than predicted previously spray volume fraction values of ∼10−5. The falloff of the drag coefficient from its reference values is more strongly pronounced at higher altitudes. The drag coefficient reaches its maximum at spray volume fraction values of ∼10−4, which is several times smaller than predicted by mixture-type models.
Estimating PM2.5 Concentrations in Contiguous Eastern Coastal Zone of China Using MODIS AOD and a Two-Stage Random Forest Model
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Xu Hanqiu , Yu Shaode 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The coarse Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) product (spatial resolution: 3 km) retrieved by the dark-target algorithm always generates the missing values when being adopted to estimate the ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. In this study, we developed a two-stage random forest using MODIS 3-km AOD to obtain the PM2.5 concentrations with full coverage in a contiguous coastal developed region, i.e., Yangtze River delta–Fujian–Pearl River delta (YRD–FJ–PRD) region of China. A first-stage random forest–integrated six meteorological fields was employed to predict the missing values of AOD product, and the combined AOD (i.e., random forest–derived AOD and MODIS 3-km AOD) incorporated with other ancillary variables were developed for predicting PM2.5 concentrations within a second-stage random forest model. The results showed that the first-stage random forest could explain 94% of the AOD variability over YRD–FJ–PRD region, and we achieved a site-based cross validation (CV) R2 of 0.87 and a time-based CV R2 of 0.85. The full-coverage PM2.5 concentrations illustrated a spatial pattern with annual-mean PM2.5 of 46, 40, and 35 μg m−3 in YRD, PRD, and FJ, respectively, sharing the same trend with previous studies. Our results indicated that the proposed two-stage random forest model could be effectively used for PM2.5 estimation in different areas.