bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to pulmonary hypertension due to the unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery
Authors: Nagamatsu Yuki , Goda Ayumi , Ito Junnosuke , Takeuchi Kaori , Kikuchi Hanako , Kariyasu Toshiya , Machida Haruhiko , Inami Takumi , Kohno Takashi , Soejima Kyoko , Satoh Toru 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a 64‐year‐old female diagnosed with severe pulmonary hypertension due to the unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. The four‐dimensional computed tomography scan is a useful modality for revealing detailed anatomical findings for differential diagnoses and surgical decision‐making. The patient had severe pulmonary hypertension with a mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) of 74 mmHg and was treated with triple upfront combination therapy, leading to significant improvement in pulmonary haemodynamics (to 27 mmHg in mean PAP) and functional capacity (WHO functional class, from III to II; 6‐min walk distance, from 211 to 276 m).
Computational Organometallic Catalysis: Where We Are, Where We Are Going
Authors: Lledós Agustí 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis essay gives my personal perspective of the current stage of computational methods applied to modeling organometallic catalysis, as well as the new directions the field is taking. The first part of the essay deals with what I consider the state‐of‐the‐art to build up energy profiles, regarding both chemical and computational models. With a proper choice of the chemical model and computational methods, quantum mechanical calculations are nowadays able to provide accurate energy profiles of organometallic reactions in solution involving closed‐shell species. However, in most cases they are still used to “predict the past”, providing after‐the‐fact explanations and missing out the full potential of contemporary simulation techniques. Simulations are mature enough to be incorporated at the design stage and to guide the experimental exploration. The new directions the field is taking, incorporating automated exploration methods and combined with extensive data analysis and machine learning algorithms, approach the holy grail of catalyst discovering.
Construction of Racemic and Enantiopure Biaryl Unnatural Amino Acid Derivatives via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Arylation of Unactivated Csp3−H Bonds
Authors: Banga Shefali , Kaur Ramandeep , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the construction of racemic and enantiopure biaryl unnatural amino acid derivatives via the palladium‐catalyzed stereoselective sp3 C−H activation and arylation of amino acid derivatives with iodobiaryls. The synthesis of biaryl motif installed (DL‐), L‐ and D‐amino acid derivatives including norvaline, phenylalanine, leucine, norleucine and 2‐aminooctanoic acid with anti stereochemistry is reported. The synthesis of alanine derivatives with two biaryl motifs and aminoalkanoic acids with biaryl motifs is also shown. The C−H arylation of enantiopure carboxamides gave biaryl amino acid derivatives with good enantiopurity. Removal of the directing group 8‐aminoquinoline, deprotection of the phthalimide moiety, and the preparation of biaryl amino acid derivatives containing free amino‐ and carboxylate groups are also reported. The stereochemistry (anti) of representative major diastereomers was unequivocally ascertained from X‐ray structure analysis. Biaryl amino acids/peptides are important motifs in medicinal chemistry, and this work therefore represents a contribution towards enriching the library of biaryl amino acids.
Episodic master narratives through time: Exploring the temporal dynamism of 2016 election night stories
Authors: Dunlop William L. , Wilkinson Dulce E. , Harake Nicole R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaster narratives are culturally vetted stories that guide collective action. Over an 18‐month period, we examined the dynamism inherent in master narratives of the 2016 American presidential election. In assessments separated six months apart, four independent samples of Clinton and Trump voters provided their stories of election night 2016 and rated the positivity and vividness of these experiences. Narratives were additionally quantified along both linguistic (I‐talk and We‐talk) and conceptual (redemption and contamination) dimensions. Over time: (a) election night experiences became less vivid, (b) the proportion of We‐words in election night narratives increased (suggesting greater group identification), (c) Clinton supporters’ evaluations of their election nights became marginally more positive (suggesting an increased optimism), and (d) Trump supporters’ narratives became less redemptive (suggesting a reduced enthusiasm for this historical event). These results signal the enduring and dynamic elements of the narratives central to two of America's diametrically opposed sociopolitical groups.
Magma mixing in the genesis of the Qingshanbao granitoids in the Longshoushan area: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the North Qilian orogenic belt, NW China
Authors: Liu Wen‐Heng , Spier Carlos , Niu Yu‐Ben , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Yan Jie , Wang Kai‐Xing , Pan Jia‐Yong 
Published: June 2021

The geochemical differences of magmatic rocks can be influenced by melt source and magmatic processes, including partial melting, fractional crystallization and magma mixing. New whole‐rock geochemical analyses, zircon U–Pb ages and Hf‐isotope data on granitoids from the Qingshanbao complex in the Longshoushan belt highlight a significant Late Ordovician–Early Silurian magmatic episode during the collision between the Alxa and Qilian‐Qaidam blocks, in which magma mixing was a fundamental process. The Qingshanbao complex comprises K‐feldspar granite, granodiorite and diorite emplaced coevally from 442 to 433 Ma. They exhibit peraluminous to metaluminous I‐type features, are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs). Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns are fractionated (LaN/YbN = 10.2–34.9) with weakly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.66–0.94). The 176Lu/177Hf zircon two‐stage model ages (TDM2) and the εHf(t) on zircons extracted from the K‐feldspar granite (1613–2,316 Ma, εHf(t) = −14.4 to −3.0) and granodiorite (1640–2015 Ma, εHf(t) = −9.6 to −3.6) suggest they were formed by the mixing of melts produced by the melting of Mesoproterozoic crustal materials, most likely meta‐basic rocks from the Longshoushan Group, and to a lesser extent mantle materials. In contrast, zircons in the diorite yield TDM2 ages ranging from 964 to 1767 Ma and εHf(t) values of −5.5 to 7.1, implying melting of depleted mantle rocks with subordinate participation of lower crust materials. We suggest that the Qingshanbao complex was emplaced when the North Qilian area was in a transitional stage from a compressional to an extensional environment as early as approximately 442 Ma.
Significance of time‐dependent magnetohydrodynamic transient free convective flow in vertical annuli: An analytical approach with the finite Hankel transform
Authors: Anurag  , Maurya J. P. , Singh A. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn analytical study is accomplished by using the Finite Hankel Transform Technique for the variation of the temperature and the velocity profile with several nondimensional parameters. In this problem, an electrically conducting fluid has been considered in the vertical concentric annulus, with a perpendicular radial magnetic field. Furthermore, a closed and exact type of expression for the velocity and the temperature are received in the form of Bessel functions of both kinds (first and second). The impact of emerging parameters in this model, such as time, Hartmann number, Prandtl number, and the annular gap between the cylinders, is discussed through graphs, whereas the numerical values of the skin friction, mass flux, and the Nusselt number are given in the tabular form. As a consequence of this, it is detected that the velocity and temperature distributions are increasing continuously with an enhanced time scale. Eventually, it gains its steady state very quickly. Moreover, the impact of the Prandtl number and the Hartmann number leads to a decrease in the velocity profiles.
In situ and ex situ bioassays with Cantareus aspersus for environmental risk assessment of metal(loid) and PAH-contaminated soils
Authors: Louzon Maxime , Pauget Benjamin , Gimbert Frédéric , Morin-Crini Nadia , Wong Janine W. Y. , Zaldibar Beñat , Natal-da-Luz Tiago , Neuwirthova Natália , Thiemann Christina , Sarrazin Bernard , Irazola Mireia , Amiot Caroline , Rieffel Dominique , Sousa José P. , Chalot Michel , de Vaufleury Annette 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Environmental risk assessment of contaminated soils requires bioindicators that allow the assessment of bioavailability and toxicity of chemicals. Although many bioassays can determine the ecotoxicity of soil samples in the laboratory, few are available and standardized for on-site application. Bioassays based on specific threshold values that assess the in situ and ex situ bioavailability and risk of metal(loid)s and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils to the land snail Cantareus aspersus have never been simultaneously applied to the same soils. The aims of this study were to compare the results provided by in situ and ex situ bioassays and to determine their respective importance for environmental risk assessment. The feasibility and reproducibility of the in situ bioassay were assessed using an international ring test. This study used five plots located at a former industrial site and six laboratories participated in the ring test. The results revealed the impact of environmental parameters on the bioavailability of metal(loid)s and PAHs to snails exposed in the field to structured soils and vegetation compared to those exposed under laboratory conditions to soil collected from the same field site (excavated soils). The risk coefficients were generally higher ex situ than in situ, with some exceptions (mainly due to Cd and Mo), which might be explained by the in situ contribution of plants and humus layer as sources of exposure of snails to contaminants and by climatic parameters. The ring test showed good agreement among laboratories, which determined the same levels of risk in most of the plots. Comparison of the bioavailability to land snails and the subsequent risk estimated in situ or ex situ highlighted the complementarity between both approaches in the environmental risk assessment of contaminated soils, namely, to guide decisions on the fate and future use of the sites (e.g., excavation, embankments, and land restoration). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:539–554. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
The comparison of the bioavailability to land snails and the subsequent ecotoxicological risk of the metal(loid)s and the PAHs estimated in situ or ex situ highlighted the complementarity between the field and laboratory approaches to assess the environmental risk of contaminated soils. The method is now submitted as an ISO standard (ISO 24032). This ISO standard gives tools for the assessment in situ (and ex situ) of the bioavailability and environmental risk of numerous contaminants. This original validated method should help strengthen the positioning and use of combined chemical and biological tools in environmental risk assessment of contaminated soils and sites.
Effect of sudden canal contraction on the discharge coefficient and the energy dissipation coefficient of the elliptical LOPAC gate*
Authors: Kheybar Hooman , Sajjadi Seyed Mohsen , Ahadiyan Javad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGates are usually made with a width smaller than the width of the canal to reduce construction and operation costs. In this study, the effect of a sudden contraction of the canal cross‐section on the hydraulic performance of the elliptical LOPAC (EL) gate was investigated in vitro. To that end, 108 experiments were carried out at three different flow discharges (25, 35, and 45 L/s), four different gate widths or sudden canal contractions (b = 50, 60, 70, and 80 cm), three different submergence ratios (Yt/Yu = 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9), and three different gate‐closing angles (15, 20, and 25). For this purpose, using the discharge coefficient and energy dissipation coefficient, distinct equations were obtained to estimate the discharge of the EL gate. By presenting an empirical relation, the discharge coefficient was estimated with a maximum error of ±9%. Experimental results showed that due to the sudden canal contraction, the discharge coefficient of the gate indicates a decrease of about 14%–73%. The energy drop coefficient for the EL gate was obtained based on experimental data. The energy dissipation coefficient was calculated to be 1.3 for the velocity head at the output of the EL gate, which estimated the discharge with a maximum error of ±11%.
Assessing the Accuracy and Reproducibility of PARIETAL: A Deep Learning Brain Extraction Algorithm
Authors: Valverde Sergi , Coll Llucia , Valencia Liliana , Clèrigues Albert , Oliver Arnau , Vilanova Joan C. , Ramió‐Torrentà Lluís , Rovira Àlex , Lladó Xavier 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundManual brain extraction from magnetic resonance (MR) images is time‐consuming and prone to intra‐ and inter‐rater variability. Several automated approaches have been developed to alleviate these constraints, including deep learning pipelines. However, these methods tend to reduce their performance in unseen magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner vendors and different imaging protocols.PurposeTo present and evaluate for clinical use PARIETAL, a pre‐trained deep learning brain extraction method. We compare its reproducibility in a scan/rescan analysis and its robustness among scanners of different manufacturers.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwenty‐one subjects (12 women) with age range 22–48 years acquired using three different MRI scanner machines including scan/rescan in each of them.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted images acquired in a 3‐T Siemens with magnetization prepared rapid gradient‐echo sequence and two 1.5 T scanners, Philips and GE, with spin‐echo and spoiled gradient‐recalled (SPGR) sequences, respectively.AssessmentAnalysis of the intracranial cavity volumes obtained for each subject on the three different scanners and the scan/rescan acquisitions.Statistical TestsParametric permutation tests of the differences in volumes to rank and statistically evaluate the performance of PARIETAL compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods.ResultsThe mean absolute intracranial volume differences obtained by PARIETAL in the scan/rescan analysis were 1.88 mL, 3.91 mL, and 4.71 mL for Siemens, GE, and Philips scanners, respectively. PARIETAL was the best‐ranked method on Siemens and GE scanners, while decreasing to Rank 2 on the Philips images. Intracranial differences for the same subject between scanners were 5.46 mL, 27.16 mL, and 30.44 mL for GE/Philips, Siemens/Philips, and Siemens/GE comparison, respectively. The permutation tests revealed that PARIETAL was always in Rank 1, obtaining the most similar volumetric results between scanners.Data ConclusionPARIETAL accurately segments the brain and it generalizes to images acquired at different sites without the need of training or fine‐tuning it again. PARIETAL is publicly available.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Salt tolerance at vegetative stage is partially associated with changes in grain quality and starch physicochemical properties of rice exposed to salinity stress at reproductive stage
Authors: Sangwongchai Wichian , Krusong Kuakarun , Thitisaksakul Maysaya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice yield and grain quality are highly sensitive to soil salinity. Distinct rice genotypes respond to salinity stress differently. To explore the variation in grain yield and grain trait adaptation to moderate, reproductive‐stage salinity stress (4 dS/m electrical conductivity), four rice cultivars differing in degrees of vegetative salt tolerance, including Pokkali (salt‐tolerant), RD15 (moderately salt‐tolerant), KDML105 (moderately salt‐susceptible) and IR29 (salt‐susceptible), were examined.RESULTSGrain fertility and 100‐grain weight of RD15, KDML105 and IR29, as well as grain morphology of KDML105 and IR29, were significantly disturbed. Interestingly, grain starch accumulation in RD15 and KDML105 was enhanced under stress. However, only RD15 showed changes in starch physicochemical properties, including increased granule diameter, decreased gelatinization peak temperature (Tp) and decreased retrogradation onset temperature (To). Notably, Pokkali maintained productivity, grain quality, and starch properties, while the grain quality of IR29 remained unchanged under salinity stress. Multivariate analysis displayed clear separation of productivity, grain morphology, and starch variables of RD15 in the salt‐treated group relative to the control group, suggesting that it was the cultivar most impacted by salt stress despite its moderate salt‐tolerance at vegetative stage.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate specific salinity responses among the rice genotypes, and suggest discrepancies between degrees of salt tolerance at vegetative stage versus the ability to maintain both grain quality and starch properties in response to salinity stress imposed at reproductive stage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Delay in breast cancer diagnosis and its clinical consequences during the coronavirus disease pandemic
Authors: Koca Bulent , Yildirim Murat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAt the end of 1 year of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, we aimed to reveal the changes in breast cancer cases in the context of cause and effect based on the data of surgically treated patients in our institution.Patients and MethodsPatients with breast cancer were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of patients who were operated in the year before the COVID‐19 pandemic, and Group 2 consisted of patients who were operated within the first year of the pandemic. Tumor size, axillary lymph node positivity, distant organ metastasis status, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery performed were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe tumor size, axillary lymph node positivity, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p = .005, p = .012, p = .042, respectively). In addition, the number of breast‐conserving surgery + sentinel lymph node biopsy were lower, while the number of mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy were higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p = .034).ConclusionPatients presented with larger breast tumors and increased axillary involvement during the pandemic. Moreover, distant organ metastases may increase in the future.
Dual‐Responsive Soft Actuator Based on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Composite/Graphene Bimorph for Bioinspired Applications
Authors: Li Heng , Li Run , Wang Kesheng , Hu Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanocarbon‐based polymer actuators have attracted significant attention because of their excellent actuation performance. In this study, a soft bimorph actuator composed of an anisotropic carbon nanotube (CNT)–polymer composite and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film is fabricated by a simple blade‐coating method. Owing to the excellent electrical, optical, and thermal properties of the CNT and rGO, the actuator exhibits dual‐responsive actuation. It generates reversible bending deformation with a displacement of ≈13 mm under low electrical voltage stimulation or white light irradiation. Furthermore, because of the embedment of aligned CNTs in polymer matrix, this actuator exhibits excellent mechanical output compared with many of the reported nanocarbon‐based actuators. It can lift a 2.048 g clip to a height of ≈5 mm under low electrical voltage stimulation. Based on this soft actuator with dual response and good mechanical output, various bionic devices are designed. A bionic eagle claw that grasps a soft object under electrical stimulation and an artificial flower blooming in response to light irradiation are constructed. Moreover, a light‐driven smart curtain and a seagull robot are fabricated. These results reveal the great potential of the dual‐responsive anisotropic soft actuator in soft robots and smart devices driven by electricity and light.
Tics and TikTok: Functional Tics Spread Through Social Media
Authors: Hull Mariam , Parnes Mered 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFunctional movement disorder is a subtype of functional neurologic symptom disorder a syndrome of involuntary physical, neurologic‐type symptoms that are incongruous with “organic” disease. Throughout history, there have been outbreaks of functional symptoms in communities; until recently, spread had been confined to groups of people who shared a physical location. However, in the era of social media, a new mode of dissemination may have arisen.CasesWe describe six teenage girls, each with the explosive onset of tic‐like movements. Mean age of onset was 14.2 years. The presence of features incongruous with Tourette syndrome on history and examination prompted the diagnosis of functional tics. All patients reported exposure to a specific social media personality before symptom onset.ConclusionsOur series suggests that social media may contribute to the spread of functional neurologic symptom disorder, in a way previously requiring physical proximity.
What Fatigue Means to Persons Living with Parkinson's Disease? A Qualitative Study
Authors: George Derek D. , Baer Nicholas K. , Berliner Jean M. , Jones Jacqueline , Kluger Benzi M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFatigue is one of the most prevalent non‐motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Research is hampered by imprecise terminology and the lack of case definition criteria.ObjectivesTo elicit the experiences of persons living with PD‐related fatigue and provide ecological validation for case definition criteria.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 22 individuals and 4 focus groups, and analyzed using an inductive qualitative method.ResultsSix core themes emerged: (i) difficulty initiating and completing important tasks; (ii) desire for others to understand their fatigue experience; (iii) heterogeneity of experiences and descriptions of fatigue; (iv) complex relationships with other non‐motor symptoms; (v) variable self‐management strategies; and (vi) general alignment with proposed case definition criteria.ConclusionsPD‐related fatigue impacts function, is subjectively distinguishable from other non‐motor symptoms, has heterogeneous descriptions, and may be mitigated by various self‐management strategies. Proposed case definition criteria appear ecologically valid and warrant further optimization and testing.