bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
θ-Band Cortical Tracking of the Speech Envelope Shows the Linear Phase Property
Authors: Zou Jiajie , Xu Chuan , Luo Cheng , Jin Peiqing , Gao Jiaxin , Li Jingqi , Gao Jian , Ding Nai , Luo Benyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen listening to speech, low-frequency cortical activity tracks the speech envelope. It remains controversial, however, whether such envelope-tracking neural activity reflects entrainment of neural oscillations or superposition of transient responses evoked by sound features. Recently, it is suggested that the phase of envelope-tracking activity can potentially distinguish entrained oscillations and evoked responses. Here, we analyze the phase of envelope-tracking in humans during passive listening, and observe that the phase lag between cortical activity and speech envelope tends to change linearly across frequency in the θ band (4–8 Hz), suggesting that the θ-band envelope-tracking activity can be readily modeled by evoked responses.
An oral lipidic native testosterone formulation that is absorbed independent of food
Authors: Newell-Price John , Huatan Hiep , Quirke Jo , Porter John , Daniel Eleni , Mumdzic Enis , Voet Bernard , Keevil Brian , Whitaker Martin J , Ross Richard J 
Published: August 2021

Context
There is no licensed oral native testosterone (NT) because of challenges in the formulation. Licensed oral formulations of the ester, testosterone undecanoate (TU), require a meal for absorption and generate supraphysiological dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels.

Objective
To develop an oral NT formulation.

Design and methods
A lipid-based formulation of native testosterone filled into soft-gelatin capsules at 40 mg per capsule was designed with 2 years of stability at ambient temperature. Pharmacokinetic comparison studies of this oral lipidic NT formulation to oral TU were conducted in dogs and hypogonadal men.

Results
In dogs, 40 mg NT was well absorbed under fasted conditions whereas 40 mg TU required a high-fat meal: for NT, the mean fed/fasted AUC ratio was 1.63 and for TU 7.05. In hypogonadal men, fed and fasted NT had similar pharmacokinetics: Cmax mean 26.5 vs 30.4 nmol/L (769 vs 882 ng/dL), AUC0–10 h 87 vs 88.6 h nmol/L. NT (fed state) showed a testosterone AUC increase of 45% between 120 and 200 mg, and NT 200 mg gave a similar mean AUC0–10 h to TU 80 mg: 87 vs 64.8 h nmol/L. Serum TU levels were variable and on a molar basis were ~ten-fold higher than serum testosterone levels after TU 80 mg fed. The DHT: testosterone AUC0–10 h ratio was more physiological for NT than TU being 0.19 vs 0.36. There were no emerging safety concerns with NT.

Conclusion
This novel oral lipidic native testosterone formulation has potential advantages over oral TU of dosing independently of food and a lower risk of supraphysiological DHT levels.
Significance statement
There is no licensed oral testosterone because of challenges in formulation, and the oral formulations of the ester, testosterone undecanoate, require a fatty meal for absorption and generate supraphysiological dihydrotestosterone levels. We have overcome the design challenges and formulated an oral native testosterone that can be taken with or without food and provides physiological levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in hypogonadal men. This formulation, DITEST, has the potential advantage of being oral for patients who do not tolerate injections and less risk of adverse events that might theoretically be associated with elevated dihydrotestosterone levels. Future studies will need to define the dosing regimen for replacement in hypogonadal men.
Association of the acute:chronic workload ratio and wellness scores in premier league male hockey players
Authors: Torres Georgia , Veiga Gabriela , Maposa Innocent 
Published: August 2021

Background: The relationship between acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR) and the incidence of injury, as well as the relationship between subjective wellness scores and training load, is unclear in hockey players.
Objectives: This study investigated these relationships to determine if the ACWR is a useful workload management tool for field hockey players. In addition, the study investigated the association between specific subjective wellness scores (fatigue, sleep quality, general muscle soreness, mood and stress level) and the acute:chronic workload ratio and training load. The study also assessed the association between individual players’ training loads with the self-reported wellness scores.
Methods: Fourteen male field hockey players from the men’s first team at the University of the Witwatersrand participated in the study over ten weeks during a premier league competition phase. A Google form was completed within thirty minutes of every training session/match. This form consisted of questions that allowed for the calculation of the ACWR.
Results: No incidence of injury was reported during the ten- week period. ACWR scores ranged between 0.67 and 1.87. The ACWR was associated with general muscle soreness (p = 0.010) and training load was associated with fatigue (p = 0.002), sleep quality (p = 0.05), general muscle soreness (p = 0.004), and mood (p=0.025).
Conclusion: There may be some merit in the use of subjective wellness measures as workload management tools in field hockey. Further research is required to determine if there is an optimal ACWR for this sport.
The Influence of Parenting Patterns and Self-Concepts on Students' Entrepreneurial Interests
Authors: Andrian Bobby , Pargito Pargito , Sinaga Risma Margaretha 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the influence of Parenting Patterns and Self-Concepts on Entrepreneurial Interests both partially and simultaneously. Research is included in quantitative descriptive research. The results showed there is a real influence of parenting patterns on entrepreneurial interests can be shown with the value of R square = 0.361 or 36.1 %. So, if the parenting pattern is raised it will increase the interest of students by 36.1% or the contribution of parenting patterns to entrepreneurial interests by 36.1%. The influence of self-concept on students' entrepreneurial interests can be shown by a value of R sqaure= 0.347 or 34.7%. this means that the concept of self-concept to the entrepreneurial interests of students by 34.7% and the influence of parenting patterns and self-concepts have an influence on students' entrepreneurial interests by 36.3% and the remaining 63.7% is influenced by other factors that are not studied.
Relationship between Workload and Occupational Stress among Teachers in Public Primary Schools in Kasarani, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Waweru Lucy Nyambura , Ndambuki Philomena W. 
Published: August 2021

The goal of this study was to determine the association between workload and occupational stress among public primary school teachers. The study's goal was to see if there was a link between workload and stress at work. The Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress provided the theoretical underpinning for this study (CATS). Questionnaires were used to collect, analyze, and interpret data in this study, which followed quantitative research technique. The study took place in Kasarani, Nairobi County, Kenya. All Kasarani public primary school teachers were the study's target group In order to pick the sample, the researcher employed a basic random sampling method. Using Nassiuma's formula, the sample size was estimated (2002). 155 teachers from six schools were studied out of 728 teachers in 25 public schools. A random sample of eight respondents was surveyed at two public primary schools in Kasarani, Nairobi County, which were not part of the study region. The correlation research design was used in this study. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential analysis, were used for descriptive and co-relational analysis. There is no significant association between workload and occupational stress among public primary school teachers, according to the null hypothesis examined. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the hypothesis. The data demonstrated that a high level of occupational stress is connected with a high level of workload, with a significant connection of p = 0.001. The study concluded that primary school teachers should be relieved of their severe workload. Counsellors should collaborate with Head teachers to develop advice and counseling programs to assist teachers in reducing occupational stress. Teachers will be protected from emotional and cognitive injury as a result of this, and will be more effective in their jobs.
Experimental Study of Heavy Oil Displacement by Carbon Dioxide on Carbonated Cores
Authors: Kalinin Stanislav Alexandrovich , Morozuyk Oleg Alexandrovich , Kosterin Konstantin Sergeevich 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the key aspects in the development of heavy and extra heavy oil resources is the creation and application of effective development technologies. The heterogenic carbonate reservoir represented the permian-carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoe oil field in the capacity of a place for testing the technology for the extraction of super-viscous oil using carbon dioxide (CO2).
The paper presents the results of PVT study and flooding experiments on cores and slim tubes (slim-tube method) performed under various thermobaric conditions corresponding to different zones of the permian-carboniferous deposit. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of CO2 injection technology together with the heat carrier to increase oil recovery from a deep-seated heavy oil reservoir.
As a result of the studies, it was found that the most effective condition of displacement of super-viscous heavy oil by carbon dioxide in the conditions of the permian-carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoe oil field is the immiscible displacement condition.
The displacement of super-viscous heavy oil by carbon dioxide from a low-permeability porous matrix at low temperatures is ineffective without preliminary heating of the reservoir.
It has been shown by the experiments that preliminary heating provides an increase in the efficiency of the displacement of super-viscous heavy oil by carbon dioxide – the oil recovery factor increases and the gas-oil ratio decreases.
The results of flooding experiments show that there is an optimal ratio of the heat carrier and CO2 injection volume, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the thermal process and the reservoir development indicators.
SARS-CoV-2 infects blood monocytes to activate NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, pyroptosis and cytokine release
Authors: Junqueira Caroline , Crespo Ângela , Ranjbar Shahin , Lewandrowski Mercedes , Ingber Jacob , de Lacerda Luna B. , Parry Blair , Ravid Sagi , Clark Sarah , Ho Felicia , Vora Setu M. , Leger Valerie , Beakes Caroline , Margolin Justin , Russell Nicole , Kays Kyle , Gehrke Lee , Adhikari Upasana Das , Henderson Lauren , Janssen Erin , Kwon Douglas , Sander Chris , Abraham Jonathan , Filbin Michael , Goldberg Marcia B. , Wu Hao , Mehta Gautam , Bell Steven , Goldfeld Anne E. , Lieberman Judy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory distress that can progress to multiorgan failure and death in a minority of patients. Although severe COVID-19 disease is linked to exuberant inflammation, how SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammation is not understood. Monocytes and macrophages are sentinel immune cells in the blood and tissue, respectively, that sense invasive infection to form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores, leading to inflammatory death (pyroptosis) and processing and release of IL-1 family cytokines, potent inflammatory mediators. Here we show that expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) linked to higher GSDMD expression increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease (odds ratio, 1.3, p<0.005). We find that about 10% of blood monocytes in COVID-19 patients are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Monocyte infection depends on viral antibody opsonization and uptake of opsonized virus by the Fc receptor CD16. After uptake, SARS-CoV-2 begins to replicate in monocytes, as evidenced by detection of double-stranded RNA and subgenomic RNA and expression of a fluorescent reporter gene. However, infection is aborted, and infectious virus is not detected in infected monocyte supernatants or patient plasma. Instead, infected cells undergo inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) mediated by activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, caspase-1 and GSDMD. Moreover, tissue-resident macrophages, but not infected epithelial cells, from COVID-19 lung autopsy specimens showed evidence of inflammasome activation. These findings taken together suggest that antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes/macrophages triggers inflammatory cell death that aborts production of infectious virus but causes systemic inflammation that contributes to severe COVID-19 disease pathogenesis.
The relationship between body mass index and incident diabetes mellitus in Chinese aged population: a cohort study
Authors: Tang Molian , Zhou Yiquan , Song Anqi , Wang Jialu , Wan Yanping , Xu Renying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesPrevious studies reported that overweight older adults had a lower mortality after cardiovascular diseases attack, indicating being thinner might not always be better. However, there is ongoing debate about what is the optimal range of body mass index (BMI) for the aged population. We aimed to evaluate the value of BMI for the prediction of incident diabetes mellitus (DM) in Chinese elderly population.MethodsA total number of 6,911 Chinese elderly people (4,110 men and 2,801 women, aged 71±6.0 years) were included in this cohort study. BMI was measured at baseline (Jan 1st 2014 to Dec 31st 2014). All the participants were further classified into six groups: < 18.5kg/m2, 18.5 to < 22.5 kg/m2, 22.5 to < 25.0 kg/m2, 25.0 to < 27.5 kg/m2, 27.5 to < 30.0 kg/m2, and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were annually measured during follow-up (Jan 1st 2015-May 31st 2019). DM was confirmed if either FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression model to evaluate the association between BMI and the prediction of incident DM. ResultsComparing individuals with a BMI range of 18.5 to < 22.5 kg/m2 (reference), the hazards ratio for incident DM was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.54~2.95), 2.14 (95% CI: 1.53~3.00), 3.17 (95% CI: 2.19~4.59), 3.15 (95% CI: 1.94~5.09), and 3.14 (95% CI: 1.94~5.09) for the group with a BMI range of 22.5 to < 25.0 kg/m2, 25.0 to < 27.5 kg/m2, 27.5 to < 30.0 kg/m2, and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 after adjusting for baseline age, sex, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and eGFR (P trend <0.001), after adjusting for the above-mentioned confounders. The association tended to be closer in men and young participants, compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsHigh BMI was associated with high risk of developing DM in Chinese aged population. Thus, it is optimal for the aged population to maintain their body weight within a reasonable range to prevent chronic diseases.
Geographical Variability of the Deformation Radius of the First Surface Mode
Authors: Si Zongshang , Pang Chongguang , Liu Zhiliang , Wang Shihong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In areas with rough bathymetry, the vertical structure of ocean eddies can be decomposed into “surface modes,” which are surface intensiﬁed, and exhibit a velocity of nearly zero at the bottom. Furthermore, ocean surface modes are ubiquitous. Atlases of the first surface mode (SM1) deformation radius were computed on a global 0.25°×0.25° grid using WOA2013 and the data from Generalized Digital Environment Model (GDEM). Monthly and seasonal changes were also analyzed. The annual average SM1 deformation radius was approximately 1.5 times larger than the Rossby radius of deformation; the main difference occurred in areas with rough bathymetry, including continental margins and mid-ocean ridges. The seasonal and monthly average SM1 deformation radius shows an evident annual cycle.
Demographic, Epidemiological and Etiological Characteristics of Fungal Keratitis Cases in Southern Anatolia Tertiary Eye Care Center
Authors: cakmak Ayse idil , Çetin Meryem , Öz Yasemin , Kara Necip 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the demographic, epidemiological and etiological features of cases with fungal keratitis seen at a tertiary eye care center in Southern Anatolia.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all culture-proven fungal keratitis seen from May 2017 to May 2019 was evaluated. The demographic characteristics of the patients, epidemiological factors and etiological factors of the cases were noted.Results: The mean age of 15 cases with fungal keratitis was 46±7 years (ranging 19-77 years) with a male-to- female ratio of 4:1. The majority of the occupation of the cases were mostly agricultural workers or farmers (73%). The etiology was predominantly trauma mostly with an enviroment origin (93.3%). Fungal growth was detected in 15 eyes (38.5%) in a total of 39 microbial positive corneal cultures. Filamentous fungi were responsible for all cases, including Fusarium sp. in 8 eyes (53.3%) and Aspergillus sp. in 7 eyes (46.7%). Species of Fusarium were determined in 4 eyes, namely F. Aquaeductus, F. Chlamydosporum, F. oxysporum and F. solani; whereas species of Aspergillus were determined in 3 eyes, namely A. niger and A. flavus. Bacterial and fungal coinfection was shown in two eyes (Aspergillus sp. with Gram (+) beta hemolytic streptococcus; Fusarium sp. with Pseudomonas orzyihabitans). Conclusion: Agricultural activity and associated eye trauma were shown to be the main causes of fungal keratitis in which filamentous fungi were isolated in all cases. The identified etiological factors may be useful in the selection of early empirical treatment of fungal keratitis cases encountered in Southern Anatolia.
Work-related Stressors and Mental Health Among LGBTQ Workers: Results From a Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Mills Suzanne , Lewis Nathaniel , Owens Benjamin , Guta Adrian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals experience high rates of adverse mental health outcomes due to the stressors they experience in families, communities, and society more broadly. Work and workplaces also have the potential to influence these outcomes given the substantial amount of time spent at work, and the ability of work to further influence social and economic wellbeing in this already vulnerable population. This study aims to identify how sociodemographic characteristics and characteristics of work, including industry, work environment and degree of precarity, influence self-reported mental health among LGBTQ people in two Canadian cities.Methods: Self-identified LGBTQ workers ≥16 years of age (n = 531) in Sudbury and Windsor, Ontario, Canada were surveyed. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) to evaluate differences in gender identity, age, income, industry, social precarity, work environment, and substance use among workers who reported poor or neutral mental health, compared with a referent group that reported good mental health.Results: Compared with a referent group with good mental health, LGBTQ workers with poor or neutral mental health had greater odds of: being cisgender women or trans compared with being cisgender men; being aged <35 years compared with ≥35 years; working in low-wage service sectors compared with blue collar jobs; earning <$20,000/year compared with ≥20,000; working in a non-standard work situation or being unemployed compared with working in full-time permanent employment; feeling often or always unable to schedule time with friends due to work; feeling unsure or negative about their work environment; and using substances to cope with work.Conclusions: LGBTQ workers reporting poorer mental health had higher odds of being unemployed or working in jobs that were more precarious and less supportive of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Medical imaging using Plasmonic gold Nanostars
Authors: Abdelhady Kholoud Ramadan , Moustafa Hossam El- Din , Yousif Bedir B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper gives insights about examinations of plasmonic nanoparticles and particularly gold nanostar as sign enhancer and contrast agent for clinical imaging and the optical properties of (NPs) of different volume and morphology and the encompassing medium were stood out from affirm that the gold nanostars are the best shape that can Scatter the light, thusly obtaining better and all the most clear clinical imaging. Stars formed gold nanoparticles have a greater surface comparative with its volume and contact surface cross section than spherical and rods shaped nanoparticles, and accordingly act even more firmly as a radiation enhancer. At that point the wavelength of the (SPR) is in the body tissues transparence window, the laser can impact gold nanostars more profound inside the human body. Mathematical outcomes exhibit that the gold nanostar has more powerful Scattering cross section conversely with sphere and rod shaped gold nanoparticles. The largest nanostar displayed better contrast properties for imaging applications, for instance, confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography.
The Effect of Balloon Inflating Distraction on Pain Intensity During Venous Blood Sampling in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarbijan Somaeh. Salehi , Rabori Roghiah Mehdipoor , Nouhi Esmat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A large number of children are subject to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment procedures that mostly require venous blood sampling. Painful procedures such as blood sampling in children have annoying physical and emotional effects and can lead to wider negative consequences such as physical, behavioral, and social disorders in children. This study aimed to determine the effect of distraction by balloon inflating on the amount of pain during taking blood samples from children aged 4 to 7. Method: This study had a randomized controlled clinical trial that was conducted on 80 children admitted to the pediatric department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft-Kerman province who met the inclusion criteria after obtaining their parent’s consent. The children were randomly grouped into the intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The pain level in children in the intervention group was measured during the venous blood sampling while the children were watching inflating a balloon. However, the pain in children in the control group was measured without any intervention during blood sampling. Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale questionnaire was used for pain assessment. Results: The average pain scores for the children in the two groups showed no significant difference before the intervention but the average pain scores after the intervention in the intervention and control groups were 1.38±2.56 and 4.2±1.58; showing a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Using balloon inflation distraction during venous blood sampling reduces pain in children.