bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cálculo dos coeficientes de perda de carga, utilizando coeficiente de Reynolds e Bernoulli em um escoamento laminar para o aumento da vazão em um pasteurizador de suco.
Authors: Moraes Juliana Karine , Morais Andresa , Bittencourt Tiago , Marazzo Marcia , Oliveira Zarur 
Published: July 2021

A produção de alimentos é geralmente praticada em todas as regiões do Brasil, e o maior desafio de todas as empresas é fabricar alimentos saudáveis com o menor risco de contaminação possível. A pasteurização é um dos procedimentos utilizados para diminuição de micro-organismos presentes nos alimentos. Com tudo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo a realização de cálculos mecânicos para o aumento da vazão de um pasteurizador na empresa de suco e polpas Britvic Ebba situada na cidade de Astolfo Dutra - MG, passando sua vazão de 7860L/h para 9000L/h. Foram coletadas informações de tempo, pressão e velocidade decorrentes do processo, todos os dados foram apurados no processo em tempo real de produção. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que com a pressão do fluido, a velocidade de saída será menor que a velocidade de início, de acordo com a altura que os tubos de envase do pasteurizador se encontram.
Conclui-se que os métodos mecânicos de análises foram efetivos para a verificação do aumento da vazão do pasteurizador realizado pela empresa.
Stimulation of the Social Brain Improves Perspective Selection in Older Adults: A HD-tDCS Study
Authors: Martin A. K. , Perceval G. , Roheger M. , Davies I. , Meinzer M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is evidence for dissociable, causal roles for two key social brain regions in young adults. Specifically, the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is associated with embodied perspective taking, whereas the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is associated with the integration of social information. However, it is unknown whether these causal brain-behaviour associations are evident in older adults. Fifty-two healthy older adults were stratified to receive either rTPJ or dmPFC anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation in a sham-controlled, double-blinded, repeated-measures design. Self-other processing was assessed across implicit and explicit level one (line-of-sight) and level two (embodied rotation) visual perspective taking (VPT) tasks, and self-other encoding effects on episodic memory. Both rTPJ and dmPFC stimulation reduced the influence of the alternate perspective during level one VPT, indexed by a reduced congruency effect (difference between congruent and incongruent perspectives). There were no stimulation effects on level two perspective taking nor self-other encoding effects on episodic memory. Stimulation to the rTPJ and dmPFC improved perspective selection during level one perspective taking. However, dissociable effects on self-other processing, previously observed in young adults, were not identified in older adults. The results provide causal evidence for age-related changes in social brain function that requires further scrutinization.
The Sexual OBjectification and EMotion database: A free stimulus set and norming data of sexually objectified and non-objectified female targets expressing multiple emotions
Authors: Ruzzante Daniela , Monachesi Bianca , Orabona Noemi , Vaes Jeroen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSexual objectification – perceiving or treating a woman as a sexual object – is a widespread phenomenon. Studies on sexual objectification and its consequences have grown dramatically over the last decades covering multiple and diverse areas of research. However, research studying sexual objectification might have limited internal and external validity due to the lack of a controlled and standardized picture database. Moreover, there is a need to extend this research to other fields including the study of emotions. Therefore, in this paper we introduce the SOBEM Database, a free tool consisting of 280 high-resolution pictures depicting objectified and non-objectified female models expressing a neutral face and three different emotions (happiness, anger, and sadness) with different intensity. We report the validation of this dataset by analyzing results of 134 participants judging pictures on the six basic emotions and on a range of social judgments related to sexual objectification. Results showed how the SOBEM can constitute an appropriate instrument to study both sexual objectification per se and its relation with emotions. This database could therefore become an important instrument able to improve the experimental control in future studies on sexual objectification and to create new links with different fields of research.
Simulasi Numerik Penambahan Slot Per Daun Terhadap Kekuatan Statik Kendaraan Niaga
Authors: Supriyanto Agung , Muhammad Vendy hermawan  
Published: July 2021

Commercial vehicles are a mode of transportation that plays an important role of the nation economy, so it is necessary to pay attention to their effectiveness and efficiency factors. Commercial vehicles have high effectiveness if they are able to send as many goods as possible, but the durability of vehicle components must be considered. One way to increase vehicle load capacity is by adding more slots leaf spring. This study aims to determine the effect of adding slot of leaf spring to the static strength of the rear suspension of Mitsubishi FE 71 110 Ps. This study discusses the static strength of three types of leaf spring arrangement, they are original leaf spring arrangement, the addition of a 700mm spring slot and an additional 1000 mm spring slot. The research was conducted by creating 3-dimensional design drawings and simulating static analysis using SolidWork software. The data sought are the stress and strain values ​​for each variation. The result is the maximum stress value of the original leaf spring arrangement of 14.58 x107 N / m2, an additional slot of 700 mm 21.80 x107 N / m2, and an additional slot of 1,000 mm 24.93 x107 N / m2.
HEURISTICS AND NUMERICAL METHOD FOR NORMALIZING THE EMPIRICAL CONTEXT IN ONTOLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Семенова Валентина Андреевна 
Published: July 2021

Областью исследования является онтологический анализ данных, заключающийся в построении формальных онтологий на основе эмпирических данных о слабоструктурированных предметных областях. Предметом исследования является нормализация эмпирического V -контекста - нестрогого соответствия «объекты-свойства» - при ограничениях существования свойств. Задача исследования состоит в разработке численного метода, который реализует эвристический подход к нормализации эмпирических контекстов. В работе используются методы теории множеств и бинарных отношений, модели и методы анализа формальных понятий, а также существующая методология применения ограничений существования свойств для построения формальных онтологий. Отличие и новизна предложенного метода заключаются в более эффективной реализации эвристического подхода за счёт представления системы измеряемых свойств - множества фиксируемых у объектов исследуемой предметной области свойств с заданными на нём ограничениями существования - в виде совокупности субструктур, однородных по виду экзистенциального сопряжения свойств-членов.
The research field is ontological data analysis, which consists in the construction of formal ontologies based on empirical data on semi-structured subject domains. The subject of the research is the normalization of the empirical V -context - a non-strict correspondence "objects-properties" - with properties existence constraints. The research objective is to develop a numerical method that implements a heuristic approach to the normalization of empirical contexts. The work uses the methods of the theory of sets and binary relations, models and methods of formal concept analysis, as well as the existing methodology for applying the properties existence constraints to construct formal ontologies. The difference and novelty of the proposed method consists in the more efficient implementation of the heuristic approach by representing the system of measured properties - the set of properties fixed in the objects of the studied subject domain with the existence constraints on it - as a set of substructures that are homogeneous in the form of existential relation of member properties.
METHODOLOGY OF SEARCHING FOR THE OPTIMAL CONFIGURATION OF A NUCLEAR PLANT SYSTEM TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF RISKS, CAPITAL COSTS AND DAMAGE FROM ACCIDENTS
Authors: Расторгуев Иван Александрович , Щепетина Татьяна Дмитриевна 
Published: July 2021

Задача поиска оптимального спектра мощностей атомных реакторов для развивающейся энергосистемы страны с большой долей вклада АС формализована и представлена в виде задачи многокритериальной оптимизации. Оценивается снижение потенциального ущерба от различных факторов риска и затрат на строительство при максимальной выработке электроэнергии. Предложена концепция поиска решения при помощи генетического алгоритма. На основе проведенных расчетов даны рекомендации по оптимизации мощностного ряда реакторных установок (РУ), которые позволят снизить совокупные риски эксплуатации АС при стратегическом планировании.
The problem of finding the optimal power spectrum of nuclear reactors for the projecting power system for the whole country is presented. It considers a large contribution of NPP and formalized in the form of a multicriteria optimization problem. Potential damage reduction from various risk factors and construction costs at maximum power generation is estimated. The genetic algorithm is proposed as solver algorithm. Recommendations are given for optimizing the power range of reactor plants on the basis of the performed calculations and reduce the overall risks of NPP operation during strategic planning.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR AUTOMATIC SELECTION OF PUMPING STATIONS OF WATER SUPPLY AND FORMATION OF TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL PROPOSALS
Authors: Титарев Дмитрий Викторович , Трунников Максим Владиславович , Володин Павел Юрьевич 
Published: July 2021

Работа посвящена вопросам проектирования и разработки программного комплекса для автоматического расчета параметров и дальнейшего подбора станций водоснабжения. На основе проведенных расчетов программный комплекс позволяет формировать технико-коммерческое предложение на поставляемое оборудование. Особое внимание уделено подбору параметров насосной станции согласно данным о напоре и расходе в рабочей точке. Это является важной задачей в условиях отсутствия полноты данных, предоставляемых производителями оборудования.
The work is devoted to the design and development of a software package for automatic calculation of parameters and further selection of water supply stations. Based on the calculations performed, the software package allows you to form a technical and commercial proposal for the equipment supplied. Particular attention is paid to the selection of the parameters of the pumping station according to the data on the head and flow rate at the operating point. This is an important task in the absence of completeness of data provided by equipment manufacturers.
On the Influence of the Ionization–Recombination Processes on the Hydrogen Plasma Polytropic Index
Authors: Mishonov Todor M. , Dimitrova Iglika M. , Varonov Albert M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An analytical approximation for the polytropic index of a hydrogen gas has been derived. The derived expressions can be useful for theoretical work and numerical calculations. These results open the possibility of direct computation of these thermodynamic quantities, rather than interpolating from tables. Additionally, the polytropic index is graphically represented as a function of temperature and density. It is concluded that the partially ionized hydrogen plasma cannot be exactly polytropic. The calculated deviations from the monoatomic value 5/3 are significant and measurable. The present theory supposes that hydrogen molecules are completely dissociated, and this analytical result for pure hydrogen plasma can be applied for the solar chromosphere, where He ionization is negligible and H2 dissociation is almost complete. These two conditions define the ranges of applicability of temperatures and densities. The analytical result for pure hydrogen plasma is a test example of how this approach can be extended for an arbitrary gas cocktail.
Thermal Pressures in the Interstellar Medium away from Stellar Environments*
Authors: Jenkins Edward B. , Tripp Todd M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Interstellar thermal pressures can be measured using C i absorption lines that probe the pressure-sensitive populations of the fine-structure levels of its ground state. In a survey of C i absorption toward Galactic hot stars, Jenkins & Tripp found evidence of small amounts (∼0.05%) of gas at high pressures (

p

/

k
≫

10

4

cm

−
3

K

) mixed with a more general presence of lower pressure material exhibiting a log-normal distribution that spanned the range

10

3

≲
p

/

k
≲

10

4

cm

−
3

K

. In this paper, we study Milky Way C i lines in the spectra of extragalactic sources instead of Galactic stars and thus measure the pressures without being influenced by regions where stellar mass loss and H ii region expansions could create localized pressure elevations. We find that the distribution of low pressures in the current sample favors slightly higher pressures than the earlier survey, and the fraction of gaseous material at extremely high pressures is about the same as that found earlier. Thus we conclude that the earlier survey was not appreciably influenced by the stellar environments, and the small amounts of high pressure gas indeed exist within the general interstellar medium.
YMCA-1: A New Remote Star Cluster of the Milky Way?*
Authors: Gatto M. , Ripepi V. , Bellazzini M. , Tosi M. , Tortora C. , Cignoni M. , Spavone M. , Dall’ora M. , Clementini G. , Cusano F. , Longo G. , Musella I. , Marconi M. , Schipani P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report the possible discovery of a new stellar system (YMCA-1), identified during a search for small scale overdensities in the photometric data of the YMCA survey. The object’s projected position lies on the periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud about 13° apart from its center. The most likely interpretation of its color–magnitude diagram, as well as of its integrated properties, is that YMCA-1 may be an old and remote star cluster of the Milky Way at a distance of 100 kpc from the Galactic center. If this scenario could be confirmed, then the cluster would be significantly fainter and more compact than most of the known star clusters residing in the extreme outskirts of the Galactic halo, but quite similar to Laevens 3. However, much deeper photometry is needed to firmly establish the actual nature of the cluster, and the distance to the system.
Absence of Bursts between 4 and 8 GHz from FRB 20200120E Located in an M81 Globular Cluster
Authors: Gajjar Vishal , Michilli Daniele , Faber Jakob T. , Berger Sabrina , Croft Steve , Pearlman Aaron B. , Sand Ketan R. , Scholz Paul , Siemion Andrew P. V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report the non-detection of dispersed bursts between 4 and 8 GHz from 2.5 hr of observations of FRB 20200120E at 6 GHz using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. Our fluence limits are several times lower than the average burst fluences reported at 600 and 1400 MHz. We conclude that these non-detections are either due to high-frequency bursts being weaker and/or scintillation-induced modulated. It is also likely that our observations were non-concurrent with any activity window of FRB 20200120E.
The Science Case for a Return to Enceladus
Authors: Cable Morgan L. , Porco Carolyn , Glein Christopher R. , German Christopher R. , MacKenzie Shannon M. , Neveu Marc , Hoehler Tori M. , Hofmann Amy E. , Hendrix Amanda R. , Eigenbrode Jennifer , Postberg Frank , Spilker Linda J. , McEwen Alfred , Khawaja Nozair , Hunter Waite J. , Wurz Peter , Helbert Jörn , Anbar Ariel , de Vera Jean-Pierre , Núñez Jorge 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The plume of Enceladus is unique in the solar system in providing direct access to fresh material from an extraterrestrial subsurface ocean. The Cassini Mission, though not specifically designed for it, was able to take advantage of the plume to conduct the best characterization to date of an extraterrestrial ocean. Evidence gathered from multiple instruments points to a global, subsurface liquid water ocean rich in salts and organic compounds, with water-rock interactions occurring presumably in hydrothermal systems at or below the moon’s sea floor. Meeting the criteria of “extended regions of liquid water, conditions favorable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy source(s) to sustain metabolism,” the ocean of Enceladus can therefore be considered habitable. It is also the only confirmed place beyond the Earth where we can easily sample fresh material from a demonstrably habitable environment without the complications of digging or drilling. The next step is to investigate whether Enceladus’ ocean is actually inhabited. Here, we summarize the evidence for Enceladus’ ocean and its habitability, identify constraints and outstanding questions on the detectability of life within its ocean, and recommend a return to Enceladus with a dedicated search-for-life mission (or missions).
Occult Injury Screening Among Infants With Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Authors: Koti Ajay S. , Crichton Kristin G. , Liker Kelly , Hashmi Zarmina , Thackeray Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To assess the frequency and nature of occult injury screening in infants with subconjunctival hemorrhages (SCH), the incidence of occult injuries in these children, and the factors that may have influenced the decision to screen for additional injury.

Methods:

Infants aged 14 days to 6 months with SCH who presented to two tertiary pediatric centers were identified from a local database (N = 84). A retrospective chart review collected demographics, examination findings, and imaging results. Infants were further stratified into two groups depending on the presence of additional mucocutaneous injuries. The groups were compared with two-sample
t
testing.

Results:
Skeletal surveys were completed in 31% of patients overall, but the rate of screening was significantly higher among patients who presented with SCH and additional mucocutaneous injuries as opposed to SCH alone. However, the presence of additional mucocutaneous injuries was not associated with an increased risk for positive skeletal survey.

Conclusions:
Rates of occult injury screening among infants with SCH were low and were significantly influenced by the presence of additional injuries. When screening was conducted, occult injuries were commonly identified. Future studies should assess the true prevalence of abuse in this population.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):213–217.]
Formation of an Educational Policy of the British Raj between 1757 and 1857
Authors: C. Ghosh Suresh 
Published: July 2021

Entre la bataille de Plassey (1757) et le milieu du XIXe siècle, la politique éducative du gouvernement britannique en Inde a parcouru trois étapes. Pendant la première phase, allant jusqu’à la victoire des Britanniques aussi bien sur leurs rivaux européens que sur les pouvoirs de l’Inde, les Britanniques furent frappés par la décadence dans laquelle la société de l’Inde était tombée: ils eurent le sentiment que le christianisme joint à l’éducation anglaise pouvait en corriger les défauts majeurs. En 1813, au début de la phase de consolidation du pouvoir britannique, des missionnaires furent admis en Inde, mais la somme modeste de Rs. 1 lakh (environ 10.000 livres sterling de l’époque), qui était annuellement destinée à l’éducation, allait surtout à l’éducation orientale. La croissance de l’administration britannique à Calcutta, Bombay et Madras, qui embauchait comme fonctionnaires subalternes de nombreux Indiens parlant anglais, conduisait cependant à une demande accrue d’éducation anglaise. Grâce à l’influence du mouvement utilitariste en Angleterre et au soutien d’Indiens éclairés comme Ram Mohan Roy, l’anglais remplaça donc le perse comme langue officielle dès 1835.
Entre 1836 et 1853, au cours de la phase d’expansion du pouvoir britannique en Inde, différentes expériences, parmi lesquelles l’éducation en langue vernaculaire, l’éducation technique et l’enseignement aux jeunes filles, aussi bien qu’un essai d’introduire un système de bourses d’études, eurent lieu dans le domaine éducatif ; conjointement avec la pression exercée au Parlement britannique par le groupe de Manchester conduit par John Bright, celles-ci amenèrent l’avènement d’une politique éducative systématique de la part du gouvernement britannique en 1854, puis, d’une façon plus importante encore, en 1857. Le système éducatif forgé à travers ces trois étapes a joué un rôle important dans la formation de l’Inde moderne. Faut-il ajouter que, malgré les tentatives du gouvernement de l’Inde de le faire accorder plus profondément aux besoins et aspirations du peuple indien, il demeure jusqu’à ce jour pour l’essentiel inchangé?
The Central Government and the Formulation of Educational Policy in Greece in the Early XIXth Century
Authors: Dimaras Alexis 
Published: July 2021

Le système éducatif grec a été établi par une série de lois au cours de la décennie 1830-1840. C’est pendant cette période que l’administration bavaroise, qui encadrait le nouveau roi, transplanta en Grèce des prototypes allemands pour l’organisation de l’enseignement secondaire et universitaire. Ce faisant, elle écartait la tendance des intellectuels grecs qui, quelques années plus tôt, s’étaient inspirés du mouvement progressiste anglais et de l’esprit des Lumières tel qu’il s’était développé en France.
Quant à l’enseignement élémentaire, c’est la loi Guizot (1833) qui servit de modèle; elle-même était d’ailleurs née de l’admiration devant le système allemand. Aussi bien selon les textes rédigés par les Bavarois que dans l’esprit de la loi française, un contrôle sévère de l’éducation était exigé, effectué par une autorité centrale. C’est ainsi que l’éducation est devenue en Grèce un système particulièrement centralisé, exprimant à la fois l’esprit néo-humaniste allemand et l’admiration pour la Grèce elle-même, et reflétant les doctrines sociales et politiques de ses inspirateurs. Nombreux étaient ceux qui, même en Grèce, croyaient que c’était là ce dont le pays avait besoin.
Comme méthode d’enseignement au niveau élémentaire, la méthode mutuelle (ou lancastrienne) fut adoptée pour toutes les écoles du royaume. Propagée un peu partout en Europe occidentale (sauf en Allemagne), elle fut considérée, au début, comme un instrument de liberté et de progrès social. Or, au moment où elle était officiellement adoptée en Grèce, elle commençait déjà à perdre son prestige: son caractère autoritaire et caporaliste devenait de plus en plus apparent. Mais elle pouvait servir d’outil pour l’application du système bavarois. C’est le manuel de Louis-Charles Sarazin qui, dans sa version grecque, fut imposé comme guide unique pour l’enseignement selon cette méthode.
Dans ses grandes lignes ce schéma a continué d’être valable jusqu’à nos jours. Il s’est même trouvé renforcé du fait que les commissions locales prévues par la loi ont graduellement perdu toute leur autorité.