bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honeycomb‐based heterostructures: An emerging platform for advanced energy applications: A review on energy systems
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Lu Wen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to their promising properties such as low corrosion resistance, excellent strength, high‐temperature operation, simple formability and machining, and, most importantly, cost‐effectiveness in the industry, honeycomb‐based heterostructures have been widely used as energy storage and conversion systems for decades. Despite their low density, honeycomb structures also have strong out‐of‐plane compression and shear properties, resulting in very high unique strengths. The honeycomb‐based molded structure, which was inspired by bee honeycombs and provides a material with low density and high out‐of‐plane compression and shear properties, has found widespread use and now plays a critical role in energy conversion and storage technologies such as lithium‐ion batteries, solar cells, and supercapacitors. These materials have a lot of promise in terms of addressing and environmental concerns regarding power sources at a time when global energy demand is skyrocketing. In light of this, we contend in this research paper that complex honeycomb‐based architectures outperform conventional simple 2D designs in a wide variety of technological applications. We also go into the different synthetic methods used to make honeycomb structures and look at how these novel materials may be used for long‐term electrochemical energy transfer and storage. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities for the construction of honeycomb systems are discussed, as well as new research directions.
Bionic coupling design and aerodynamic analysis of horizontal axis wind turbine blades
Authors: Chen Kun , Yao Wei‐wei , Wei Jian‐hui , Gao Rui‐biao , Li Yi‐xiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith millions of years of evolution, owls have developed many excellent characteristics in terms of their flight. The speed of an owl in flight is similar to the relative speed of the blade of a small wind turbine with respect to air. Therefore, the owl wing airfoil is selected as the design airfoil of the wind turbine blade to reduce the flow separation under low Reynolds number. In this study, we analyze an owl wing‐section airfoil and the non‐smooth leading‐edge shape of an owl's wing, and implement an orthogonal optimum design to optimize the wavelength and amplitude of the non‐smooth leading edge. We extract the cross‐sectional features of the airfoil and the non‐smooth leading‐edge shape of the wing. Based on the orthogonal optimum design results, we determine the optimal combination of the wavelength, amplitude, and airfoil, and then design a horizontal‐axis wind turbine blade through bionic coupling. The flow field at different tip speed ratios (TSRs) is simulated using the turbulence model at the rated wind speed. The results show that the power coefficient () of the bionic wind turbine at a high tip speed ratio is 17.7% higher than that of the standard type. Furthermore, we analyze the operation of the turbine at TSRs of 2 and 5. At a high TSR, the leading edge bulge of the bionic wind turbine blade can change the flow direction distribution of the airflow on the blade surface, make the airflow to adhere to the suction surface, and then reduce the stall area on the suction surface of the blade. Thus, the wind turbine produces higher torque, thereby generating higher power.
Study of the influence of low air pressures on fire behavior and burn‐through of aircraft cargo liner
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Rui , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yongfeng , Yang Juntao 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe cargo liner is the most effective and practical burn‐through barrier when a fire originating in the cargo compartment penetrates into the cabin. To investigate the low‐pressure effect on cargo liner burn‐through and assess the fire hazards during depressurization, a series of cargo liner burn‐through tests is conducted with a self‐designed burning‐resistant test rig. The experimental results indicate that the flame height increase caused by pressure decrease results in the direct contact between the fire and cargo liner at the ceiling. The ceiling jet formed beneath the liner panel with increasing flame height enhances the contact with the cargo liner, thus increasing the flame horizontal sectional area above the fuel pan. The thermal feedback from the cargo liner notably affects the fire, and the closer cargo liner generates greater thermal feedback. Lower‐pressure conditions result in a low mass burning rate and long combustion time. The curve of the mass burning rate is smooth, and the flame fluctuation frequency is low under low pressures. Low pressures cause an increase in flame height and high‐temperature flame region, which causes the high‐temperature flame region to remain in contact with the liner panel for an extended time, resulting in the liner panel burning through more readily. The post‐fire panels under low pressures attain high rear temperatures and large dilation and carbonization areas, demonstrating that the burning damage of the liner panel is more serious under low pressures.
Two new species of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) from the Eastern Himalayan state Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Taram Momang , Borah Dipankar , Singh Rajeev Kumar , Tag Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo new species of Henckelia from the Eastern Himalayan state Arunachal Pradesh, India, are described and illustrated. The first, Henckelia dasii Taram, D.Borah, R.Kr.Singh & Tag is allied to H. umbellata Kanthraj & K.N.Nair, the second, H. lallanii Taram, D.Borah, Tag & R.Kr.Singh is close to H. urticifolia (Buch.‐Ham. ex D.Don) A.Dietr. (type species of the former Chirita sect. Chirita). The differences are given in Table 1 and 2, respectively. A key is presented for the 21 Henckelia species presently known from N and NE India.
Amplification of ERBB2 (HER2) in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: A potential treatment target in rare cases?
Authors: Mitra Shamik , Sydow Saskia , Magnusson Linda , Piccinelli Paul , Törnudd Lisa , Øra Ingrid , Ljungman Gustaf , Sandgren Johanna , Gisselsson David , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ERBB2 gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase also known as HER2. The gene is amplified and overexpressed in one‐fifth of breast carcinomas; patients with such tumors benefit from targeted treatment with trastuzumab or other drugs blocking the receptor. In addition, ERBB2 has been shown to be amplified and/or overexpressed in a variety of other malignancies. Notably, both alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), especially in children, often show increased expression of ERBB2. Although high‐level amplification of the gene has not been described in RMS, its frequent expression at the cell surface of RMS cells has been exploited for chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR T)‐based treatment strategies. We here describe two cases of pediatric, fusion‐negative embryonal RMS with high‐level amplification of the ERBB2 gene. One patient is currently treated with conventional chemotherapy for a recently detected standard risk RMS, whereas the other patient died from metastatic disease. Both tumors displayed focal amplicons (210 and 274 Kb, respectively) in chromosome band 17q12, with proximal and distal borders corresponding to those typically seen in breast cancer. In both tumors, the ERBB2 amplicon correlated with high expression at the RNA and protein levels. Thus, breast cancer‐like ERBB2 amplification is a very rare, but recurrent feature of pediatric RMS, and should be exploited as an alternative treatment target.
On‐Site, On‐Demand 3D‐Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs to Improve the Access of Coronavirus Disease‐19 Testing
Authors: Song Jiaxi , Korunes‐Miller Jeremy , Banerji Rohin , Wu Yuanqiao , Fazeli Shoreh , Zheng Hanqiao , Orr Beverley , Morgan Elise , Andry Christopher , Henderson Joel , Miller Nancy S. , White Alice , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiagnostic testing that facilitates containment, surveillance, and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), or future respiratory viruses, depends on a sample collection device that efficiently collects nasopharyngeal tissue and that can be manufactured on site when an outbreak or public health emergency is declared by a government. Here two novel stereolithography‐based three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed nasopharyngeal swabs are reported which are made using a biocompatible and sterilizable photoresist. Such swabs are readily manufactured on‐site and on‐demand to ensure availability, if supply chain shortages emerge. Additionally, the 3D‐printed swabs easily adapt to current workflow and testing procedures in hospital clinical laboratories to allow for effortless scaling up of test kits. Finally, the 3D‐printed nasopharyngeal swabs demonstrate concordant SARS‐CoV‐2 testing results between the 3D‐printed swabs and the COPAN commercial swabs, and enable detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in clinical samples obtained from autopsies.
Development and validation of an improved classification and risk stratification system for carotid body tumors: Multinational collaborative cohort study
Authors: Mehanna Hisham , Mistry Pankaj , Golusinski Pawel , Di Maio Pasquale , Nankivell Paul , Snider Francesco , Ferrante Angela M. R. , Montalto Nausica , Nicolai Piero , Marcantoni Alessandra , Grandi Cesare , Zavatta Marco , Grego Franco , Malec Kataryna , Hosal Sefik , Suslu Nilda , Kuscu Oguz , Torrealba Ignacio , Valdes Francisco , Sharma Neil , Ayuk John , Monksfield Peter , Irving Richard , Dunn Janet A. , Kay Mark , Borsetto Daniele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to develop and validate a new classification system that better predicts combined risk of neurological and neurovascular complications following CBT surgery, crucial for treatment decision‐making.MethodsMultinational retrospective cohort study with 199 consecutive cases. A cohort of 132 CBT cases was used to develop the new classification. To undertake external validation, assessment was made between the actual complication rate and predicted risk by the model on an independent cohort (n = 67).ResultsUnivariate analyses showed statistically significant associations between developing a complication and the following factors: craniocaudal dimension, volume, Shamblin classification, and Mehanna types. In the multivariate prognostic model, only Mehanna type remained as a significant risk predictor. The risk of developing complications increases with increasing Mehanna type.ConclusionsWe have developed and then validated a new classification and risk stratification system for CBTs, which demonstrated better prognostic power for the risk of developing neurovascular complications after surgery.
Children’s exposure to outdoor food advertising near primary and secondary schools in Australia
Authors: Trapp Gina , Hooper Paula , Thornton Lukar , Kennington Kelly , Sartori Ainslie , Wickens Nicole , Mandzufas Joelie , Billingham Wesley 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIssue addressedPrevious research has highlighted children's frequent exposure to advertisements of unhealthy food and beverages on television. However, the food industry is increasingly utilising non‐broadcast channels such as outdoor advertising (eg billboards, bus shelters, shop fronts) for product marketing. Few studies have investigated children's exposure to outdoor food advertising around primary and secondary schools. This study aimed to quantify the presence and content of outdoor food advertisements within a 500 m radius of primary and secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used to capture outdoor advertisements within a 500 m radial buffer around the school boundary. The INFORMAS protocol for monitoring outdoor advertising around child‐serving institutions was used. Sixty‐four primary and secondary schools in Perth, Australia, were selected using random sampling within socio‐economic and population density strata.ResultsIn total, 5636 outdoor advertisements were identified within a 500 m radius of all 64 schools combined and 30% were for food. Of the 1708 food advertisements, 74% were for unhealthy (non‐core) food. The most frequently advertised food products were alcohol, fast food and sugar‐sweetened beverages. Only 8% of food advertisements featured a healthy product. The majority of schools (75%) had at least one food advertisement within 500 m (mean 36, range 3‐190). Schools in lower socio‐economic areas had more food advertisements and a significantly higher proportion of unhealthy food advertisements within 250 m.ConclusionOutdoor advertising around schools constitutes a potential frequent source of children's exposure to unhealthy food and alcohol advertising.So what?Policy interventions restricting the content of outdoor food advertising near schools are needed.
Toward strengthening active case finding for ending tuberculosis in India
Authors: K. Thodika Nibras , Ghosh Mitra Susanna , Ramaprasad Arkalgud , Sreeganga Sulegai Dhondusa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractActive case finding (ACF) is critical for the timely detection and treatment of diseases like tuberculosis (TB). ACF is crucial in India, where health‐seeking behaviour across various populations is low and non‐reporting is a barrier to breaking disease transmission cycles and eliminating the disease. As an integral part of India's national TB control programs, there is further scope for improvement in its design. This paper outlines a roadmap for ACF for TB in the country. It is based on current national strategic plans for public health monitoring and TB case identification. It suggests that ACF should be strengthened by developing it as a learning surveillance system involving a change from a siloed public health approach to a more comprehensive surveillance exercise. It defines operational requirements for establishing predictive capabilities and introducing feedback and learning in the system as a precondition. It highlights the importance of establishing proper processes, as well as extending and expanding on existing infrastructural and human resource, and inter‐programmatic coordination and collaboration in the health sector.
Audit of laboratory sensitivity of human papillomavirus and cytology testing in a cervical screening program
Authors: Hortlund Maria , Mühr Laila Sara Arroyo , Lagheden Camilla , Hjerpe Anders , Dillner Joakim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe globally recommended public health policy for cervical screening is primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening with cytology triaging of positives. To ensure optimal quality of laboratory services we have conducted regular audits of cervical smears taken before cervical cancer or cancer in situ (CIN3+) within an HPV‐based screening program. The central cervical screening laboratory of Stockholm, Sweden, identified cases of CIN3+ who had had a previous cervical screening test up to 3 years before and randomly selected 300 cervical liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples for auditing. HPV testing with Roche Cobas was performed either at screening or with biobanked samples. HPV negative samples and subsequent biopsies were retrieved and tested with modified general primer HPV PCR and, if still HPV‐negative, the LBCs and biopsies were whole genome sequenced. The Cobas 4800 detected HPV in 1020/1052 (97.0%) LBC samples taken before CIN3+. Further analyses found HPV in 28 samples, with nine of those containing HPV types not targeted by the Cobas 4800 test. There were 4 specimens (4/1052, 0.4%) where no HPV was detected. By comparison, the proportion of CIN3+ cases that were positive in a previous cytology were 91.6%. We find that the routine HPV screening test had a sensitivity in the real‐life screening program of 97.0%. Regular laboratory audits of cervical samples taken before CIN3+ can be readily performed within a real‐life screening program and provide assurance that the laboratory of the real‐life program has the expected performance.
Standing up for your birth rights: An intersectional comparison of obstetric violence and birth positions between Quichua and Egyptian women
Authors: Giacomozzi Maddalena , Farje De La Torre Fiorella , Khalil Merette 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObstetric violence is a pervasive phenomenon in reproductive health across the world. Denial of the choice in birth position is a common form of obstetric violence as horizontal positions are non–evidence based, yet routinely imposed. This contributes to the cultural barriers to access reproductive health care. The present study compares women's experiences in childbirth from the Quichua and Egyptian communities, exploring the intersectional factors that contribute to obstetric violence and the adoption of preferred birth positions to offer recommendations on implementing respectful and rights‐based reproductive care. Two independent scoping reviews have been carried out and subsequently compared. The intersectional approach revealed how gender, race, and class have a multiplicative effect on the denial of choice in birth position as a form of obstetric violence. This phenomenon exacerbates the pre‐existing health disparities that disproportionately affect women, indigenous and racialized groups, and people living in poverty. Culturally competent, multilevel, and multidisciplinary interventions, strengthening of health systems, and community participation are essential to combat discrimination and guarantee birth rights. Allowing women to choose their birth position is a low‐hanging fruit to challenge the complex issue of obstetric violence and ensure a rights‐based approach to reproductive health.
Sexual orientation and gynecologic medical care: A cross‐sectional study with Brazilian women
Authors: Paviani Gislaine , Chrisostomo Kadija R. , Sandrin Najila M. , Hilgert Mariana R. , Skare Thelma , Nisihara Renato 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study a sample of Brazilian lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women concerning their gynecologic history and their experience with gynecologic care.MethodsAn internet‐based survey for women aged 18 years or older was conducted to gather epidemiologic data on sexual habits, primary gynecologic diseases, and patient‐gynecologist relationships.ResultsThe survey was answered by 1201 women, with 571 reporting being heterosexual, 272 lesbian, and 358 bisexual. The lesbian/bisexual (LB) group contained fewer Caucasian individuals, used more public health resources, and had more individuals consuming tobacco, alcohol, and recreational drugs. No significant differences were found in the number of individuals with diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and sexually transmitted diseases. Depression was more common in the LB group. Endometriosis and vaginismus were more common in bisexual women, whereas polycystic ovary syndrome was more frequent in lesbians. Questions on the patient‐gynecologist relationship revealed that most LB women felt uncomfortable and dissatisfied with the treatment received.ConclusionThe LB group had different epidemiologic characteristics from the heterosexual group. Differences in morbid antecedents were found only in endometriosis, vaginismus, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Most LB Brazilian women are dissatisfied with treatment received from gynecologists.
Correlation between hysteroscopy findings in patients with hydrosalpinx and chronic endometritis
Authors: Peng Jintao , Guo Fei , Liu Huijun , Gu Zhongjia , Zeng Zhi , Li Manchao , Zeng Haitao , Liang Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of hydrosalpinx in susceptibility to chronic endometritis (CE).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study, which includes 624 patients with hydrosalpinx (group A) and 789 patients without hydrosalpinx (group B) undergoing laparoscopy and hysteroscopy simultaneously. Endometrial morphology was recorded under hysteroscopy. Endometrial biopsy was obtained after hysteroscopy, and immunohistochemical staining for syndecan‐1 (CD138) was carried out.ResultsNo significantly statistical differences were found between the two groups when comparing the incidence of endometrial hyperemia or endometrial micro‐polyps under hysteroscopy (P > 0.05). Hydrosalpinx had a significant impact on the incidence of CE (P < 0.05) (plasma cell count: no plasma cells: odds ratio [OR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.88, P = 0.002; ≥1/high‐power field [HPF]: OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14–1.74, P = 0.002; ≥3/HPF: OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.18–1.91, P = 0.001; ≥5/HPF: OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.27–2.21, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the comparison of plasma cell count between the unilateral hydrosalpinx group (274 patients) and the bilateral hydrosalpinx group (350 patients) (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe presence of hydrosalpinx increased the incidence of CE. Bilateral hydrosalpinx did not significantly increase the incidence of CE compared with unilateral hydrosalpinx.
2‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose exploits increased glucose metabolism in cancer and viral‐infected cells: Relevance to its use in India against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Mesri Enrique A. , Lampidis Theodore J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanisms discovered to drive increased glucose metabolism in cancer cells are found to be similar to those in viral‐infected cells. In this mini review, we summarize the major pathways by which the sugar analog, 2‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose, has been shown to exploit increased glucose metabolism in cancer and how this information applies to viral‐infected cells. Moreover, we highlight the relevance of these findings to the emergency approval of 2‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose in India to be used against SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus responsible for COVID‐19.
In vitro and in vivo degradation assessment and preventive measures of biodegradable Mg alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Jana Anuradha , Das Mitun , Balla Vamsi Krishna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been widely explored as a potential biodegradable implant material. However, the fast degradation of Mg‐based alloys under physiological environment has hindered their widespread use for implant applications till date. The present review focuses on in vitro and in vivo degradation of biodegradable Mg alloys, and preventive measures for biomedical applications. Initially, the corrosion assessment approaches to predict the degradation behavior of Mg alloys are discussed along with the measures to control rapid corrosion. Furthermore, this review attempts to explore the correlation between in vitro and in vivo corrosion behavior of different Mg alloys. It was found that the corrosion depends on experimental conditions, materials and the results of different assessment procedures hardly matches with each other. It has been demonstrated the corrosion rate of magnesium can be tailored by alloying elements, surface treatments and heat treatments. Various researches also studied different biocompatible coatings such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), and so on, on Mg alloys to suppress rapid degradation and examine their influence on new bone regeneration as well. This review shows the need for a standard method of corrosion assessment to predict the in vivo corrosion rate based on in vitro data, and thus reducing the in vivo experimentation.