bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear truss models for strain‐based seismic evaluation of planar RC walls
Authors: Deng Xianjue , Koutromanos Ioannis , Murcia‐Delso Juan , Panagiotou Marios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a new approach for the seismic performance evaluation of planar RC walls. Compared to existing assessment guidelines, such as those in ASCE/SEI 41‐17, where performance limits are described by plastic rotation or lateral drift, the proposed method uses local (strain) quantities, obtained from computational models. The analyses rely on a user‐friendly implementation of the nonlinear truss model for RC structures, which eliminates the need to manually create a line‐element representation of a wall and includes a material law for steel accounting for buckling and rupture of reinforcement. The capability of the models to capture common failure patterns for planar walls is validated for a set of six previously tested wall components which experienced a variety of damage modes (bar rupture, boundary element failure, diagonal compression and tension failures). The analytical models accurately predict the lateral strength, deformation capacity and failure modes observed in the tests. A set of acceptance criteria, based on the analytically obtained concrete and steel strains, is then established for the immediate occupancy, life safety and collapse prevention levels, consistent with different levels and types of damage. An initial calibration of the limit values associated with these criteria is proposed and verified using the analytical results for the six walls considered. The results of the proposed assessment methodology applied to the six walls are compared to those obtained using the nonlinear procedures in ASCE/SEI 41‐17. The results indicate that ASCE/SEI 41‐17 may not accurately describe the deformability of walls exhibiting mixed flexure‐shear inelastic deformations.
A mass and momentum‐conservative semi‐implicit finite volume scheme for complex non‐hydrostatic free surface flows
Authors: Ferrari Davide , Dumbser Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, a novel mass and momentum conservative semi‐implicit method is presented for the numerical solution of the incompressible free‐surface Navier–Stokes equations. This method can be seen as an extension of the semi‐implicit mass‐conservative scheme presented by Casulli. The domain is covered by the fluid, by potential solid obstacles, and by the surrounding void via a scalar volume fraction function for each phase, according to the so‐called diffuse interface approach. The semi‐implicit finite volume discretization of the mass and momentum equations leads to a mildly nonlinear system for the pressure. The nonlinearity on the diagonal of the system stems from the nonlinear definition of the volume, while the remaining linear part of the pressure system is symmetric and at least positive semi‐definite. Hence, the pressure can be efficiently obtained with the family of nested Newton‐type techniques recently introduced and analyzed by Brugnano and Casulli. The time step size is only limited by the flow speed and eventually by the velocity of moving rigid obstacles contained in the computational domain, and not by the gravity wave speed. Therefore, the method is efficient also for low Froude number flows. Moreover the scheme is formulated to be locally and globally conservative: for this reason it fits well in the presence of shock waves, too. In the special case of only one grid cell in vertical direction, the proposed scheme automatically reduces to a mass and momentum conservative discretization of the shallow water equations. The proposed method is first validated against the exact solution of a set of one‐dimensional Riemann problems for inviscid flows. Then, some computational results are shown for non‐hydrostatic flow problems and for a simple fluid‐structure interaction problem.
Potential of rosmarinic acid to ameliorate toxic effects of diethyl methoxy thio‑phosphoryl thio‑succinate on albino wistar rats’ lung, mast cell infiltration inhibitory pathway
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed S. , Mona Marwa M. , Abdel‑Kareem Mona A. , Elsisy Rasha A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMalathion (MA) is a widely used pesticide in agriculture. It can cause toxicity in different organs of the body. Rosmarinic acid (RO) is found in rosemary extract that can be absorbed through gastrointestinal tract mucosa with potent antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory potential. The current study is designed to investigate the potential of RO to protect the lung after MA administration. Forty albino rats were allocated equally to four groups. C‐group received corn oil. RO‐group received RO orally. MA‐group received MA. MA‐RO‐group received RO in addition to MA. After three weeks the lungs were dissected for histopathological and biochemical investigations. MA‐group showed manifestations of severe inflammation with inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung. MA‐RO‐group showed limited inflammatory cell infiltration. C‐group and RO‐group appeared with weak anti‐survivin immunoreactivity. MA‐group showed strong positive immunoreactivity. The reactivity was weakly positive in MA‐RO‐group. MA‐group showed a significant decrease in SP‐D gene expression in comparison to the C‐group, in addition, MA‐RO‐group showed a significant increase in SP‐D expression. In conclusion, the current study approves that oral administration of MA causes lung injury as it has inflammatory effects, caused by oxidative stress and reports the potential of RO to protect lung tissue against toxic effects of MA through its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐apoptotic potential.
Antiproliferative and antioxidant potentials of bioactive edible vegetable fraction of Achyranthes ferruginea Roxb. in cancer cell line
Authors: Reza A. S. M. Ali , Haque Md. Anwarul , Sarker Joy , Nasrin Mst. Samima , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Tareq Abu Montakim , Khan Zidan , Rashid Mamunur , Sadik Md. Golam , Tsukahara Toshifumi , Alam AHM Khurshid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the aerial parts of Achyranthes ferruginea underwent investigation of their in vitro antioxidant and free radical‐scavenging activities in cell‐free conditions, their phytoconstituents using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and their cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells. A. ferruginea was extracted with 80% methanol and successively fractionated with solvents to yield petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and aqueous (AQF) fractions. GC‐MS analysis revealed that CHF contained ten phytoconstituents, including different forms of octadecanoic acid methyl esters. The total antioxidant and ferric‐reducing antioxidant capacities of the extracts and the standard catechin (CA) were as follows: CA >CHF >PEF >CME (crude methanolic extract) >EAF >AQF, and CA >CHF >EAF >PEF >AQF >CME, respectively. CHF showed the highest DPPH‐free radical‐scavenging activity, with a median inhibitory concentration of 10.5 ± 0.28 µg/ml, which was slightly higher than that of the standard butylated hydroxytoluene (12.0 ± 0.09 µg/ml). In the hydroxyl radical‐scavenging assay, CHF showed identical scavenging activity (9.25 ± 0.73 µg/ml) when compared to CA (10.50 ± 1.06 µg/ml). Moreover, CHF showed strong cytotoxic activity (19.95 ± 1.18 µg/ml) in HeLa cells, which was alike to that of the standards vincristine sulfate and 5‐fluorouracil (15.84 ± 1.64 µg/ml and 12.59 ± 1.75 µg/ml, respectively). The in silico study revealed that identified compounds were significantly linked to the targets of various cancer cells and oxidative enzymes. However, online prediction by SwissADME, admetSAR, and PASS showed that it has drug‐like, nontoxic, and potential pharmacological actions.
Feature selection framework for functional connectome fingerprinting
Authors: Li Kendrick , Wisner Krista , Atluri Gowtham 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability to uniquely characterize individual subjects based on their functional connectome (FC) is a key requirement for progress toward precision psychiatry. FC fingerprinting is increasingly studied in the neuroimaging community for this purpose, where a variety of approaches have been developed for effective FC fingerprinting. Recent independent studies showed that fingerprinting accuracy suffers at large sample sizes and when coarser parcellations are used for computing the FC. Quantifying this problem and understanding the reasons these factors impact fingerprinting accuracy is crucial to develop more accurate fingerprinting methods for large sample sizes. Part of the challenge in fingerprinting is that FC captures both generic and subject‐specific information. A systematic approach for identifying subject‐specific FC information is crucial for making progress in addressing the fingerprinting problem. In this study, we addressed three gaps in our understanding of the FC fingerprinting problem. First, we studied the joint effect of sample size and parcellation granularity. Second, we explained the reason for reduced fingerprinting accuracy with increased sample size and reduced parcellation granularity. To this end, we used a clustering quality metric from the data mining community. Third, we developed a general feature selection framework for systematically identifying resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) elements that capture information to uniquely identify subjects. In sum, we evaluated six different approaches from this framework by quantifying both subject‐specific fingerprinting accuracy and the decrease in accuracy with an increase in sample size to identify which approach improved quality metrics the most.
Induced astigmatism biases the orientation information represented in multivariate electroencephalogram activities
Authors: Son Sangkyu , Moon Joonsik , Kang Hyungoo , Kim Yee‐Joon , Lee Joonyeol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA small physical change in the eye influences the entire neural information process along the visual pathway, causing perceptual errors and behavioral changes. Astigmatism, a refractive error in which visual images do not evenly focus on the retina, modulates visual perception, and the accompanying neural processes in the brain. However, studies on the neural representation of visual stimuli in astigmatism are scarce. We investigated the relationship between retinal input distortions and neural bias in astigmatism and how modulated neural information causes a perceptual error. We induced astigmatism by placing a cylindrical lens on the dominant eye of human participants, while they reported the orientations of the presented Gabor patches. The simultaneously recorded electroencephalogram activity revealed that stimulus orientation information estimated from the multivariate electroencephalogram activity was biased away from the neural representation of the astigmatic axis and predictive of behavioral bias. The representational neural dynamics underlying the perceptual error revealed the temporal state transition; it was transiently dynamic and unstable (approximately 350 ms from stimulus onset) that soon stabilized. The biased stimulus orientation information represented by the spatially distributed electroencephalogram activity mediated the distorted retinal images and biased orientation perception in induced astigmatism.
Immune and repair responses in joint tissues and lymph nodes after knee arthroplasty surgery in mice
Authors: Xia Yunwei , Sokhi Upneet K. , Bell Richard D. , Pannellini Tania , Turajane Kathleen , Niu Yingzhen , Frye Laura , Chao Max , Ayturk Ugur , Otero Miguel , Bostrom Mathias , Oliver David , Yang Xu , Ivashkiv Lionel B. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe importance of a local tissue immune response in healing injured tissues such as skin and lung is well established. Little is known about whether sterile wounds elicit lymph node (LN) responses and inflammatory responses after injury of musculoskeletal tissues that are mechanically loaded during the repair response. We investigated LN and tissue immune responses in a tibial implant model of joint replacement surgery where wounded tissue is subjected to movement and mechanical loading postoperatively. Draining inguinal and iliac LNs expanded postoperatively, including increases in regulatory T cells and activation of a subset of T cells. Thus, tissue injury was actively sensed in secondary lymphoid organs, with the potential to activate adaptive immunity. Joint tissues exhibited three temporally distinct immune response components, including a novel interferon (IFN) response with activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) pathways. Fibrovascular tissue formation was not associated with a macrophage type 2 (M2) reparative immune response, but instead with delayed induction of interleukin-1 family (IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36), IL-17, and prostaglandin pathway genes concomitant with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and growth factor signaling, fibroblast activation, and tissue formation. Tissue remodeling was associated with activity of the HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) pathway. These results provide insights into immune responses and regulation of tissue healing after knee arthroplasty that potentially can be used to develop therapeutic strategies to improve healing, prevent arthrofibrosis, and improve surgical outcomes. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and lipopolysaccharide mutually augment inflammation via adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-mediated production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
Authors: Bando Kanan , Kuroishi Toshinobu , Tada Hiroyuki , Oizumi Takefumi , Tanaka Yukinori , Takahashi Tetsu , Mizoguchi Itaru , Sugawara Shunji , Endo Yasuo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Among the bisphosphonates (BPs), nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs) have much stronger anti–bone-resorptive actions than non-N–BPs. However, N-BPs have various side effects such as acute influenza-like reactions after their initial administration and osteonecrosis of the jawbones after repeated administration. The mechanisms underlying such effects remain unclear. To overcome these problems, it is important to profile the inflammatory nature of N-BPs. Here, we analyzed the inflammatory reactions induced in mouse ear pinnae by the N-BPs alendronate (Ale) and zoledronate (Zol). We found the following: (i) Ale and Zol each induced two phases of inflammation (early weak and late strong ear swelling); (ii) both phases were augmented by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs; cell-surface constituent of gram-negative bacteria, including oral bacteria), but prevented by inhibitors of the phosphate transporters of solute carrier 20/34 (SLC20/SLC34); (iii) macrophages and neutrophils were involved in both phases of Ale+LPS–induced ear-swelling; (iv) Ale increased or tended to increase various cytokines, and LPS augmented these effects, especially that on interleukin 1β (IL-1β); (v) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was involved in both phases, and Ale alone or Ale+LPS increased ATP in ear pinnae; (vi) the augmented late-phase swelling induced by Ale+LPS depended on both IL-1 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs; neutrophil-derived net-like complexes); (vii) neutrophils, together with macrophages and dendritic cells, also functioned as IL-1β–producing cells, and upon stimulation with IL-1β, neutrophils produced NETs; (viii) stimulation of the purinergic 2X7 (P2X7) receptors by ATP induced IL-1β in ear pinnae; (ix) NET formation by Ale+LPS was confirmed in gingiva, too. These results suggest that (i) N-BPs induce both early-phase and late-phase inflammation via ATP-production and P2X7 receptor stimulation; (ii) N-BPs and LPS induce mutually augmenting responses both early and late phases via ATP-mediated IL-1β production by neutrophils, macrophages, and/or dendritic cells; and (iii) NET production by IL-1β–stimulated neutrophils may mediate the late phase, leading to prolonged inflammation. These results are discussed in relation to the side effects seen in patients treated with N-BPs. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Utilization of breast cancer risk prediction models by cancer genetic counselors in clinical practice predominantly in the United States
Authors: Park Min Seon , Weissman Scott M. , Postula Kristen J. Vogel , Williams Carmen S. , Mauer Caitlin B. , O’Neill Suzanne M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRisk assessment in cancer genetic counseling is essential in identifying individuals at high risk for developing breast cancer to recommend appropriate screening and management options. Historically, many breast cancer risk prediction models were developed to calculate an individual's risk to develop breast cancer or to carry a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. However, how or when genetic counselors use these models in clinical settings is currently unknown. We explored genetic counselors’ breast cancer risk model usage patterns including frequency of use, reasons for using or not using models, and change in usage since the adoption of multi‐gene panel testing. An online survey was developed and sent to members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors; board‐certified genetic counselors whose practice included cancer genetic counseling were eligible to participate in the study. The response rate was estimated at 23% (243/1,058), and respondents were predominantly working in the United States. The results showed that 93% of all respondents use at least one breast cancer risk prediction model in their clinical practice. Among the six risk models selected for the study, the Tyrer‐Cuzick (IBIS) model was used most frequently (95%), and the BOADICEA model was used least (40%). Determining increased or decreased surveillance and breast MRI eligibility were the two most common reasons for most model usage, while time consumption and difficulty in navigation were the two most common reasons for not using models. This study provides insight into perceived benefits and limitations of risk models in clinical use in the United States, which may be useful information for software developers, genetic counseling program curriculum developers, and currently practicing cancer genetic counselors.
Ovary unusual colonic lesion
Authors: Mudaliar Sanjivan , Chetwood John D , Ghattas Samer , Choi Kevin , Kaffes Arthur , Liu Ken 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe describe an unusual endoscopic finding, caused by a dominant ovarian follicle compressing a low‐lying ascending colon just inferior to a patulous retroverted cecum. Endoscopically detected extra‐colonic lesions represent a diverse group of pathologies, and it is important the endoscopist has an appreciation of the varied number of benign and malignant causes—including those of gynecological origin.
Global and Regional Test–Retest Reproducibility of Native T1 and T2 Mapping in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Böttcher Benjamin , Lorbeer Roberto , Stöcklein Sophia , Beller Ebba , Lang Cajetan I. , Weber Marc‐André , Meinel Felix G. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMapping of T1 and T2 relaxation times in cardiac MRI is an invaluable tool for the diagnosis and risk stratification of a wide spectrum of cardiac diseases.PurposeTo investigate the global and regional reproducibility of native T1 and T2 mapping and to analyze the influence of demographic factors, physiological parameters, slice position, and myocardial regions on reproducibility.Study TypeProspective single‐center cohort‐study.PopulationFifty healthy volunteers (29 female, 21 male) with a mean age of 39.4 ± 13.7 years.Field strength/SequenceEach volunteer was investigated twice at 1.5 T using a modified look‐locker inversion‐recovery (MOLLI) sequence (T1 mapping) and a T2‐prepared steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence (T2 mapping).AssessmentGlobal T1 and T2 values were quantified for the entire left ventricle in three short‐axis slices. Regional T1 and T2 values were measured for each myocardial segment and for myocardial segments grouped by slice position and anatomical region.Statistical TestsTest–retest reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman statistics. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsReproducibility was good for global T1 values (ICC 0.88) and excellent for global T2 values (ICC 0.91). Reproducibility of T1 values was excellent (ICC 0.91) for midventricular slice and good for apical (ICC 0.86) and basal slice (ICC 0.81). Reproducibility of T1 mapping values was highest in the septum (ICC 0.90) compared to the anterior (0.81), lateral (0.86), and inferior (0.86) wall. For T2 mapping, reproducibility was good for all slice positions (ICC 0.86 for midventricular, 0.83 for basal, and 0.80 for apical slice). Reproducibility of T2 mapping was significantly lower for the inferior wall (ICC 0.58) than for septum (0.89), anterior (0.85), and lateral (0.87) wall.Data ConclusionNative T1 and T2 mapping has good to excellent reproducibility with significant regional differences.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Hippocampal correlates of episodic memory in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Pourzinal Dana , Yang Ji Hyun J. , Bakker Arnold , McMahon Katie L. , Byrne Gerard J. , Pontone Gregory M. , Mari Zoltan , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present review asks whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are able to define neural correlates of episodic memory within the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease (PD). Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE using search terms related to structural and functional MRI (fMRI), the hippocampus, episodic memory, and PD. Risk of bias was assessed for each study using the Newtown–Ottawa Scale. Thirty‐nine studies met inclusion criteria; eight fMRI, seven diffusion MRI (dMRI), and 24 structural MRI (14 exploring whole hippocampus and 10 exploring hippocampal subfields). Critical analysis of the literature revealed mixed evidence from functional and dMRI, but stronger evidence from sMRI of the hippocampus as a biomarker for episodic memory impairment in PD. Hippocampal subfield studies most often implicated CA1, CA3/4, and subiculum volume in episodic memory and cognitive decline in PD. Despite differences in imaging methodology, study design, and sample characteristics, MRI studies have helped elucidate an important neural correlate of episodic memory impairment in PD with both clinical and theoretical implications. Natural progression of this work encourages future research on hippocampal subfield function as a potential biomarker of, or therapeutic target for, episodic memory dysfunction in PD.