bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights of Nb2O5-based coatings on the 316L SS surfaces: enhanced biological responses
Authors: Moreto Jéferson Aparecido , Gelamo Rogério Valentim , da Silva Marcos Vinicius , Steffen Teresa Tromm , de Oliveira Carlo José Freire , de Almeida Buranello Patrícia Andressa , Pinto Marcelo Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis communication aims to propose new insights of Nb2O5-based coatings on the 316L SS surface with great prospects to be used in the dentistry field as brackets. The Nb2O5thin film was incorporated into the 316L SS by using PVD method. For this purpose, the studied system was characterized structurally and morphologically by using AFM, FTIR-IRRAS, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Biological assays were performed using human gingival fibroblast cell-line HGF-1. In agreement with FTIR and Raman results, the XPS technique indicates that Nb is present in an oxidation state assigned to Nb2O5.Furthermore, the coatings produced by PVD technique are less toxic and induces less inflammation in gingival cells (cell-line HGF-1), suggesting the strategy of use Nb2O5thin film to cover the 316L SS promoted since its protection of the physiological environment to its biocompatibility improvement.
Non-pharmaceutical Interventions and the Infodemic on Twitter: Lessons Learned from Italy during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Massaro Maurizio , Tamburro Paola , La Torre Matteo , Dal Mas Francesca , Thomas Ronald , Cobianchi Lorenzo , Barach Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic changed expectations for information dissemination and use around the globe, challenging accepted models of communications, leadership, and social systems. We explore how social media discourse about COVID-19 in Italy was affected by the rapid spread of the virus, and how themes in postings changed with the adoption of social distancing measures and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). We used topic modeling and social network analysis to highlight critical dimensions of conversations around COVID-19: 1) topics in social media postings about the Coronavirus; 2) the scope and reach of social networks; and 3) changes in social media content as the nation moved from partial to full social distancing. Twitter messages sent in Italy between February 11th and March 10th, 2020. 74,306 Tweets sent by institutions, news sources, elected officials, scientists and social media influencers. Messages were retweeted more than 1.2 million times globally. Non-parametric chi-square statistic with residual analysis to identify categories, chi-square test for linear trend, and Social Network Graphing. The first phase of the pandemic was dominated by social media influencers, followed by a focus on the economic consequences of the virus and placing blame on immigrants. As the crisis deepened, science-based themes began to predominate, with a focus on reducing the spread of the virus through physical distancing and business closures Our findings highlight the importance of messaging in social media in gaining the public’s trust and engagement during a pandemic. This requires credible scientific voices to garner public support for effective mitigation. Fighting the spread of an infectious disease goes hand in hand with stemming the dissemination of lies, bad science, and misdirection.
Prioritizing landscapes for grassland bird conservation with hierarchical community models
Authors: Monroe Adrian P. , Edmunds David R. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Holloran Matthew J. , Assal Timothy J. , Holloran Alison G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContextGiven widespread population declines of birds breeding in North American grasslands, management that sustains wildlife while supporting rancher livelihoods is needed. However, management effects vary across landscapes, and identifying areas with the greatest potential bird response to conservation is a pressing research need.ObjectivesWe developed a hierarchical modeling approach to study grassland bird response to habitat factors at multiple scales and levels. We then identified areas to prioritize for implementing a bird-friendly ranching program.MethodsUsing bird survey data from grassland passerine species and 175 sites (2009–2018) across northeast Wyoming, USA, we fit hierarchical community distance sampling models and evaluated drivers of site-level density and regional-level distribution. We then created spatially-explicit predictions of bird density and distribution for the study area and predicted outcomes from pasture-scale management scenarios.ResultsCumulative overlap of species distributions revealed areas with greater potential community response to management. Within each species’ potential regional-level distribution, the grassland bird community generally responded negatively to cropland cover and vegetation productivity at local scales (up to 10 km of survey sites). Multiple species declined with increasing bare ground and litter cover, shrub cover, and grass height measured within sites.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a novel approach to multi-scale and multi-level prioritization for grassland bird conservation based on hierarchical community models and extensive population monitoring. Pasture-scale management scenarios also suggested the examined community may benefit from less bare ground cover and shorter grass height. Our approach could be extended to other bird guilds in this region and beyond.
Challenges to the validity of topic reconstruction
Authors: Held Matthias , Laudel Grit , Gläser Jochen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we utilize an opportunity to construct ground truths for topics in the field of atomic, molecular and optical physics. Our research questions in this paper focus on (i) how to construct a ground truth for topics and (ii) the suitability of common algorithms applied to bibliometric networks to reconstruct these topics. We use the ground truths to test two data models (direct citation and bibliographic coupling) with two algorithms (the Leiden algorithm and the Infomap algorithm). Our results are discomforting: none of the four combinations leads to a consistent reconstruction of the ground truths. No combination of data model and algorithm simultaneously reconstructs all micro-level topics at any resolution level. Meso-level topics are not reconstructed at all. This suggests (a) that we are currently unable to predict which combination of data model, algorithm and parameter setting will adequately reconstruct which (types of) topics, and (b) that a combination of several data models, algorithms and parameter settings appears to be necessary to reconstruct all or most topics in a set of papers.
Association of metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score in length of stay in hospital following radical cystectomy with urinary diversion: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Shea Chun , Khawaja Abdul Rouf , Sofi Khalid , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The Metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score is used in patients’ preoperative functional capacity assessment. It is commonly thought that patients with a higher MET score will have better postoperative outcomes than patients with a lower MET score. However, such a link remains the subject of debate and is yet unvalidated in major urological surgery. This study aimed to explore the association of patients’ MET score with their postoperative outcomes following radical cystectomy.

Methods
We used records-linkage methodology with unique identifiers (Community Health Index/hospital number) and electronic databases to assess postoperative outcomes of patients who had underwent radical cystectomies between 2015 and 2020. The outcome measure was patients’ length of hospital stay. This was compared with multiple basic characteristics such as age, sex, MET score and comorbid conditions. A MET score of less than four (< 4) is taken as the threshold for a poor functional capacity. We conducted unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression analyses for time to discharge against MET score.

Results
A total of 126 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age on date of operation was 66.2 (SD 12.2) years and 49 (38.9%) were female. A lower MET score was associated with a statistically significant lower time-dependent risk of hospital discharge (i.e. longer hospital stay) when adjusted for covariates (HR 0.224; 95% CI 0.077–0.652; p = 0.006). Older age (adjusted HR 0.531; 95% CI 0.332–0.848; p = 0.008) and postoperative complications (adjusted HR 0.503; 95% CI 0.323–0.848; p = 0.002) were also found to be associated with longer hospital stay. Other comorbid conditions, BMI, disease staging and 30-day all-cause mortality were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
A lower MET score in this cohort of patients was associated with a longer hospital stay length following radical cystectomy with urinary diversion.
A water retention model accounting for void ratio changes in double porosity clays
Authors: De la Morena Gema , Navarro Vicente , Asensio Laura , Gallipoli Domenico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a constitutive model that predicts the water retention behaviour of compacted clays with evolving bimodal pore size distributions. In line with previous research, the model differentiates between the water present inside the saturated pores of the clay aggregates (the microstructure) and the water present inside the pores between clay aggregates (the macrostructure). A new formulation is then introduced to account for the effect of the macrostructural porosity changes on the retention behaviour of the soil, which results in a consistent evolution of the air-entry value of suction with volumetric deformations. Data from wetting tests on three different active clays (i.e. MX-80 bentonite, FEBEX bentonite, and Boom clay), subjected to distinct mechanical restraints, were used to formulate, calibrate, and validate the proposed model. Results from free swelling tests were also modelled by using both the proposed double porosity model and a published single porosity model, which confirmed the improvement in the predictions of degree of saturation by the present approach. The proposed retention model might be applied, for example, to the simulation of the hydromechanical behaviour of engineered bentonite barriers in underground nuclear waste repositories, where compacted active clays are subjected to changes of both suction and porosity structure under restrained volume conditions.
Variation of growth and phenology traits in poplars planted in clonal trials in Northern Europe—implications for breeding
Authors: Adler Anneli , Karacic Almir , Wästljung Ann-Christin Rönnberg , Johansson Ulf , Liepins Kaspars , Gradeckas Audrius , Christersson Lars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increased demand for wood to replace oil-based products with renewable products has lifted focus to the Baltic Sea region where the environment is favorable for woody biomass growth. The aim of this study was to estimate broad-sense heritabilities and genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions in growth and phenology traits in six climatically different regions in Sweden and the Baltics. We tested the hypothesis that both bud burst and bud set have a significant effect on the early growth of selected poplar clones in Northern Europe. Provenance hybrids of Populus trichocarpa adapted to the Northern European climate were compared to reference clones with adaptation to the Central European climate. The volume index of stemwood was under low to medium genetic control with heritabilities from 0.22 to 0.75. Heritabilities for phenology traits varied between 0.31 and 0.91. Locally chosen elite clones were identified. G×E interactions were analyzed using pairwise comparisons of the trials. Three different breeding zones for poplars between the latitudes of 55° N and 60° N in the Baltic Sea Region were outlined. The studied provenance hybrids with origin from North America offer a great possibility to broaden the area with commercial poplar plantations in Northern Europe and further improve the collection of commercial clones to match local climates. We conclude that phenology is an important selection criterion after growth.
Bullying Victimization: Investigating the Unique Contribution of Homophobic Bias on Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury and the Buffering Role of School Support
Authors: Esposito Concetta , Affuso Gaetana , Amodeo Anna Lisa , Dragone Mirella , Bacchini Dario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch on bullying victimization has expanded to specific forms of harassment based on discriminatory bias, which involve aggressive behavior targeting an individual's identity characteristics, such as sexual orientation and/or gender expression. Recent studies have documented elevated health risks associated with victimization based on homophobic bias, above and beyond general victimization. The aim of the current study was to test the unique contribution of homophobic victimization on adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and to analyze the buffering role of teachers and classmates support. Participants were 770 adolescents (55.5% females; Mage = 15.35, SD = 1.62) enrolled in Italian public schools in grade nine (N = 483) and 12 (N = 287). All measures were collected during Spring 2016 using self-reported questionnaires. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses suggested that homophobic victimization had a unique contribution on NSSI frequency of engagement once initiated, but not on the probability of engaging in NSSI at least once. High classmates support was negatively associated with adolescents’ engagement in NSSI. Furthermore, higher levels of classmates support were associated with a lower NSSI frequency only for youth who reported low levels of homophobic victimization. In contrast, the association between classmates support and NSSI frequency was nonsignificant when youth reported high levels of homophobic victimization. No significant effects were found for teachers support. Overall, our findings underscore the need to address the serious concern of homophobic victimization within schools and the importance of promoting healthy and positive identity development in adolescence.
Nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds: quantitative analysis using gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector
Authors: Rao Yuan , de Klerk Arno 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds found in the petrochemical industry are varied and extend beyond classes such as the anilines, pyrroles and pyridines. Quantification of these nitrogen-containing compounds that may occur in complex mixtures has practical application for quality assurance, process development and the evaluation of conversion processes. Selective detection of nitrogen-containing species in complex mixtures is possible by making use of gas chromatography coupled with a nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD), which is also called a thermionic detector. Despite the linearity of the NPD response to individual nitrogen-containing compounds, the response factor is different for different compounds and even isomers of the same species. Quantitative analysis using an NPD requires species-specific calibration. The reason for the sensitivity of the NPD to structure is related to the ease of forming the cyano-radical that is ionized to the cyanide anion, which is detected. The operation of the NPD was related to the processes of pyrolysis and subsequent ionization. It was possible to offer plausible explanations for differences in response factors for isomers based on pyrolysis chemistry. Due to this relationship, the NPD response can in the same way be used to provide information of practical relevance beyond its analytical value and a few possible applications were outlined.
Memristive Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Huang Wen , Xia Xuwen , Zhu Chen , Steichen Parker , Quan Weidong , Mao Weiwei , Yang Jianping , Chu Liang , Li Xing’ao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic computing simulates the operation of biological brain function for information processing and can potentially solve the bottleneck of the von Neumann architecture. This computing is realized based on memristive hardware neural networks in which synaptic devices that mimic biological synapses of the brain are the primary units. Mimicking synaptic functions with these devices is critical in neuromorphic systems. In the last decade, electrical and optical signals have been incorporated into the synaptic devices and promoted the simulation of various synaptic functions. In this review, these devices are discussed by categorizing them into electrically stimulated, optically stimulated, and photoelectric synergetic synaptic devices based on stimulation of electrical and optical signals. The working mechanisms of the devices are analyzed in detail. This is followed by a discussion of the progress in mimicking synaptic functions. In addition, existing application scenarios of various synaptic devices are outlined. Furthermore, the performances and future development of the synaptic devices that could be significant for building efficient neuromorphic systems are prospected.
Lithospheric Architecture of the Paranapanema Block and Adjacent Nuclei Using Multiple‐Frequency P‐Wave Seismic Tomography
Authors: Affonso G. M. P. C. , Rocha M. P. , Costa I. S. L. , Assumpção M. , Fuck R. A. , Albuquerque D. F. , Portner D. E. , Rodríguez E. E. , Beck S. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present a new P‐wave seismic tomographic model for the region of the Paraná Basin and surroundings using a multiple‐frequency approach, providing better resolution than previous regional studies. We processed a total of 62,692 cross‐correlation delays for P, PKIKP, PcP, and PP phases distributed among 1,081 events using six different central frequencies (0.03, 0.06, 0.13, 0.25, 0.50, and 1 Hz). We merged our data with a previous multiple‐frequency study of the Amazonian Craton to cover regions outside of the study area, obtaining a total of 75,187 cross‐correlation delays. The data used are from the stations of the Brazilian Seismographic Network, and mainly from a temporary network (XC network) installed exclusively to study the region. The basement of the Paraná Basin is represented as a NE‐SW trending P‐wave high‐velocity anomaly, extending from the northern limit of the basin to the southwestern border of Brazil, consistent with previous reports. The limit between this block and the São Francisco Craton is characterized by decreased amplitude of the P‐wave high‐velocity anomaly. Synthetic tests show that a narrow boundary between these two blocks displays the same behavior. At the southeastern portion of this anomaly, decreasing amplitude is consistent with the limit of the Luiz Alves Craton, which was also corroborated by synthetic tests. The northern portion of the Rio Apa Block agrees with a previous tomographic model, confirming that it does not extend under the Pantanal Basin, however, in our model this structure does not extend as far south.
Unsupervised classification of SDSS galaxy spectra
Authors: Fraix-Burnet D. , Bouveyron C. , Moultaka J. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Defining templates of galaxy spectra is useful to quickly characterise new observations and organise databases from surveys. These templates are usually built from a pre-defined classification based on other criteria.
Aims. We present an unsupervised classification of 702 248 spectra of galaxies and quasars with redshifts smaller than 0.25 that were retrieved from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database, release 7.
Methods. The spectra were first corrected for redshift, then wavelet-filtered to reduce the noise, and finally binned to obtain about 1437 wavelengths per spectrum. The unsupervised clustering algorithm Fisher-EM, relying on a discriminative latent mixture model, was applied on these corrected spectra. The full set and several subsets of 100 000 and 300 000 spectra were analysed.
Results. The optimum number of classes given by a penalised likelihood criterion is 86 classes, of which the 37 most populated gather 99% of the sample. These classes are established from a subset of 302 214 spectra. Using several cross-validation techniques we find that this classification agrees with the results obtained on the other subsets with an average misclassification error of about 15%. The large number of very small classes tends to increase this error rate. In this paper, we do an initial quick comparison of our classes with literature templates.
Conclusions. This is the first time that an automatic, objective and robust unsupervised classification is established on such a large number of galaxy spectra. The mean spectra of the classes can be used as templates for a large majority of galaxies in our Universe.
Of places, spaces, and faces
Authors: Folaron Deborah A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The contemporary translation economy of our
globalizing digital world is deeply intertwined with information and
communication technologies and the Internet, with the once separate
sphere of machine translation lately converging more tangibly and
impactfully with translation and interpreting practices as we have
traditionally understood them. The decisions on what to translate,
and by whom, why, where, and when, have always been conditioned by
ideology, politics, economies, and the diverse power structures and
dynamics at play in society. The Internet has brought with it the
growth of a “parallel” world of human social and cultural practices
in digital form, one where the display and dissemination of
knowledge are intimately linked to the presence, visibility, and
representation on the Web of one’s language and culture, both
through native language use in communication and through practices
of translation and localization. Analogous to material and physical
territorial geographic spaces, virtual spaces reflect tensions and
asymmetries of power. In this chapter we discuss these linguistic
and translational relationships of asymmetry through the prism of
digital world technologies and economies, and their implications for
lesser-used and low- or no-resourced language groups. This
discussion is followed by examples from two contexts: firstly, the
broader Indigenous territorial context of First Nations peoples in
Canada; and secondly, the Arctic Indigenous cross-territorial
circumpolar groups of Inuit peoples in Canada.
Study of static and dynamic properties of even-even 14–24O and 38–54Ca in the frame of Random Phase Approximation (RPA) method with different Skyrme parameterizations
Authors: Alzubadi Ali A , Alhaideri Amaal J , Lattoofi Nabeel F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The static and dynamic nuclear properties for neutron rich oxygen and calcium isotopes have been calculated using the framework of the random phase approximation method with different Skyrme parameterizations namely; SyO-, SyO+, BSk17, SLy4, SLy5, and SkX. The nuclear charge radii, the binding energy per nucleon were calculated and compared to the experimental one to choose the best Skyrme interactions used in the calculations of dynamic properties. The two-neutron separation energy for isotopes under study has been calculated and compared to experimental data. Higher modes of the excited states, energy-weighted sum rule, the centroid, constrained, and scaling energies of the resonances have been studied and illustrated together with available experimental data for comparison. For the low-lying excited states, the energy transition densities for J
π
= 2+ and J
π
= 3− are reproduced well in 18–24O and 46–54Ca isotopes. The neutron single particle states as a function of neutron number have been also presented. The results show that the random phase approximation calculations with Skyrme-type interactions is a successful method for describing nuclear structure properties of neutron rich nuclei near the drip line.