bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
80 anos da guerra do Pau de Colher
Authors: Da Silva Cristiano Dias 
Published: April 2021

No ano de 1938, no interior do Sertão baiano, mais precisamente na localidade de Pau de Colher no município de Casa Nova-Ba uma comunidade (Aarrial) de sertanejos com forte tendência messiânica foi arrasado pelo quarto ataque das volantes policias somando mais de 1.000 mortos durante os vários conflitos incluindo ambas as partes.
ANÁLISE DISCURSIVA DOS RESULTADOS DO PISA-BRASIL NO SITE DO INEP
Authors: Fernandes Ketulyn Ferreira , Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador 
Published: April 2021

A partir do escopo teórico discursivo, este artigo pretendeu analisar o PISA-Brasil com enfoque nos resultados pertencentes ao ano de 2015. O PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) realiza provas a cada 3 anos com estudantes de 15 anos de idade, por ser esta a idade do último ano de escolaridade obrigatória, coincidindo com a maioria dos países participantes dentre os mais de 100 países membros e não-membros da OCDE (Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico). Em nível mundial, o PISA é coordenado pela OCDE e em nível brasileiro pelo INEP (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira), responsável pela função de elaboração e aplicação da prova no Brasil, possuindo cada país seu órgão próprio. Levando em conta o contexto apresentado acima, o objetivo deste artigo é levantar os sentidos sobre os resultados do PISA dispostos no site do INEP, e como eles constroem novos regimes de verdade em educação. Pretende-se compreender as discursividades contemporâneas em relação às avaliações externas e como elas afetam a educação, primordialmente, a educação brasileira. Do ponto de vista do referencial teórico, pautamo-nos na análise do discurso em linha francesa, que considera o sujeito como efeito do discurso e o discurso como situado socio-ideológico-historicamente, sendo que os dizeres não nascem nos sujeitos, mas nas formações discursivas dentro das quais o sujeito se situa. Os resultados da análise apontam que as políticas públicas devem investir mais nas condições socioeconômicas gerais de um país de modo a diminuir as desigualdades sociais, ao invés de só focar na educação. Países com maiores desempenhos são países que investem em equidade social.
SOB FOUCAULT: A GOVERNAMENTALIDADE NEOLIBERAL ATRAVÉS DA EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA
Authors: Piovesan Edinalva de Cassia , Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador 
Published: April 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a relação de poder-saber da educação corporativa que transita na governamentalidade do discurso neoliberal e, atua subjetivamente nos sujeitos profissionais das empresas. A complexidade do mercado faz das empresas, atuarem de maneira competitiva em prol de seus objetivos corporativos e mercadológicos. Diante do mercado globalizado, as organizações se veem num contexto em que qualificar seus colaboradores se torna fundamental para poder interagir e propiciar melhor desempenho corporativo, garantindo sua permanência no mercado, através do capital intelectual. A educação corporativa irá permitir que a empresa qualifique seus colaboradores, para que estes desempenhem seu papel profissional de maneira ágil e rápida frente aos desafios do mercado. Os colaboradores mobilizados pela dinâmica deste mercado e com a necessidade de manter-se empregado buscam adquirir novas competências que os torne multidisciplinar, permitindo ampliar suas responsabilidades na empresa. A qualificação pode se manifestar de diferentes formas, sendo: treinamentos, cursos, congressos etc. O referencial teórico e a análise buscou respaldar nos conceitos foucaultianos, na 2ª fase, o domínio de saber-poder. A metodologia aplicada nesta pesquisa é a qualitativa, a qual buscou interpretar os excertos de entrevistas realizadas com colaboradores de uma empresa. Os resultados da análise demonstram que neste mercado neoliberal, a educação corporativa atua como um discurso que influência na relação do sujeito para com a empresa, propiciando interesses mútuos, seja para o sujeito com capital humano, quanto para a empresa com o capital intelectual.
GESTIÓN POLÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN DOCENTE: 40 años de actuación del consejo federal de educación (Argentina)
Authors: Bernatené Silvia 
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación más amplia[1]en la que se analizan las concepciones que sostiene la normativa elaborada por el Consejo Federal de Educación (CFE) para la formación docente, su organización político institucional y curricular, focalizando en aquellas referidas a las prácticas de enseñanza. El recorte presentado en este artículo contiene las principales características de la actuación normativa del CFE para la formación docente, desde su creación en el año 1972 hasta el año 2012. Como se trata de definiciones de políticas públicas para la Educación, construimos una periodización atendiendo a las características de las lógicas estatales para su definición, considerando su centralidad o no en la definición y sentido de las prioridades y características de la formación docente. Es un estudio de corte cualitativo, que utiliza el análisis de contenido como uno de los métodos predominantes para profundizar el conocimiento de por qué la vida social, la formación docente, se perciben y se experimentan tal como ocurren. El corpus está integrado por un total de 114 documentos que son analizados a partir de las relaciones de su contenido con el contexto sociopolítico y las categorías del campo de la Didáctica seleccionadas.[1] Investigación doctoral “El Consejo Federal de Educación y la formación docente: una lectura de su actuación en clave didáctica” Director Juan Carlos Geneyro. Programa Interuniversitario de Educación UNLA/UNTREF/UNSAM. Tesis aprobada y defendida el 21/7/2020.
Het gebruik van opeenvolgende tijdelijke arbeidsrelaties in het universitair onderwijs: doorstaan de Nederlandse en de Vlaamse aanpak de toets aan de Europese regelgeving?
Authors: Timbermont Evelien 
Published: April 2021

Het gebruik van opeenvolgende tijdelijke arbeidsrelaties in het universitair onderwijs: doorstaan de Nederlandse en de Vlaamse aanpak de toets aan de Europese regelgeving?
Atypische arbeidsvormen zijn in opmars. Tijdelijke arbeid, en een arbeidscontract voor bepaalde tijd in het bijzonder, is zo mogelijk de meest gekende vorm. In het onderwijs wordt veelvuldig gebruikgemaakt van dergelijke arbeidscontracten. De Europese sociale partners sloten eind vorige eeuw nochtans een Raamovereenkomst met als doel de kwaliteit van de arbeid voor bepaalde tijd te verbeteren en het misbruik van opeenvolgende arbeidsovereenkomsten voor bepaalde tijd te voorkomen. In deze bijdrage wordt zowel de Nederlandse als de Vlaamse regelgeving inzake het gebruik van opeenvolgende tijdelijke contracten aan de universiteiten getoetst aan de Europese regelgeving. Het voordeel van een dergelijke rechtsvergelijkende aanpak is dat het mogelijk nieuwe inzichten biedt, niet alleen voor de rechtswetenschapper, maar ook voor de rechtspractici. Het onderzoek vangt aan met een analyse van de Europese regelgeving aan de hand van de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie. Vervolgens worden de toepasselijke Nederlandse en Vlaamse reglementeringen besproken en geëvalueerd, waarna een algemene conclusie volgt.
Naar een wettelijke verankering van de maatschappelijke onderneming
Authors: Stokkermans Chr.M. 
Published: April 2021

Naar een wettelijke verankering van de maatschappelijke onderneming
De recente aanzet van het Ministerie van EZK voor een wettelijke verankering van de maatschappelijke onderneming verdient nog enige aanscherping om er, zonder afbreuk aan het ‘gelijk speelveld’-beginsel, een reële bijdrage aan de marktontwikkeling van dergelijke ondernemingen van te maken.
De (niet-)ontvankelijkheid van het OM en het rechterlijk pardon
Authors: Lindeman J.M.W. 
Published: April 2021

De (niet-)ontvankelijkheid van het OM en het rechterlijk pardon
De Hoge Raad stelt hoge eisen aan de niet-ontvankelijkverklaring van het OM. De wetgever lijkt in de moderniseringsoperatie van het Wetboek van Strafvordering iets meer ruimte te willen geven voor situaties waarin de rechter al te grof is misleid, maar waarin door herstel van de vormverzuimen de waarheidsvinding niet wezenlijk is aangetast. Intussen lijken rechters soms middels een zogenaamd rechterlijk pardon (art. 9a Sr) verholen niet-ontvankelijkheid uit te spreken. Hoe zit dat?
A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Community Health Clubs in Rural Areas of Vietnam and Zimbabwe to Control Diarrhoeal Disease
Authors: Waterkeyn Juliet , K. Nyamandi Victor , Huy Nga Nguyen 
Published: April 2021

The Community Health Club (CHC) Model in Makoni District, Zimbabwe operated 265 CHCs with 11,600 members from 1999 to 2001 at a cost of US$0.63 per beneficiary per annum. A decade later, 48 CHCs were started in three districts in Vietnam with 2,929 members at a cost of US$1.30. Hygiene behaviour change was compared using a similar survey of observable proxy indicators in both projects, before and after intervention. In Vietnam there was a mean of 36% change in 16 observable proxy indicators (p > 0.001) which compared positively with Makoni where there was a mean of 23% hygiene change in 10 indicators (p > 0.001). In Vietnam, 8 Health Centers reported a reduction of 117 cases of diarrhoeal diseases in CHC communes, compared to only 24 in non-CHC communes in one year; in 8 Health Centers in Makoni, Zimbabwe, a reduction of 1,219 reported cases over a 2–9 year period was reported, demonstrating the efficacy of CHC both in African and Asian context. We suggest that regular government data of reported cases at clinics may be a more reliable method than self-reported diarrhoea by carers in clustered-Randomised Control Trials, which have surprised practitioners by finding negligible impact of WASH interventions on diarrhoea in rural communities.
Increased Trends of P. vivax in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Does it Mean for Malaria Elimination?
Authors: Aigbiremo Oboh Mary , Ndiath Mamadou , Ajibola Olumide , Oyebola Kolapo , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred 
Published: April 2021

Plasmodium vivax being the most geographically spread Plasmodium species is considered sparsely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) while P. falciparum is the most prevalent species in this region. Thus, control strategies in sSA have been disproportionately targeted towards falciparum malaria. Nevertheless, with the use of more sensitive malaria diagnostic platforms, there are more reports of P. vivax and other non-falciparum malaria in sSA. In addition, P. vivax is presumed benign, however there are new findings of severe cases recorded from P. vivax single or mixed infection with other Plasmodium species. Besides, the extended dormant period (lasting for weeks or months) is a challenge for achieving effective cure for vivax infections. Although, chloroquine has been proscribed for treatment P. falciparum, it still remains the drug of choice for P. vivax in most Asian countries where it is predominant. In sSA, artemisinin combination-based therapies (ACTs) are used for treatment of falciparum malaria and, it is probable that the use of ACT could be enhancing adaptive selection for P. vivax in the face of its increasing prevalence in the population. Hence, understanding epidemiological and biological factors, and data that could be contributing to the observed steady increase in P. vivax prevalence in sSA is important. In this chapter, we discuss the mechanisms for invasion of red blood cells, trends in increasing prevalence of vivax malaria, diagnostic tools, and the public health implications of P. vivax and P. falciparum co-endemicity in Africa.
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Paluru Rajesh , Singh Negi Devendra 
Published: April 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes affects many systems and produces complications in the human body, in those complications one is diabetic central neuropathy. The pathological mechanisms involved in the central neuropathy include chronic hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemic episodes, angiopathy and blood–brain barrier dysfunction. Diabetic central neuropathy is detected by using of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER), Visual evoked potential (VEP), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). These abnormalities are present at different levels and may appear before appearance of overt complications. The central nervous system abnormalities are more frequent in patients with peripheral neuropathy but evoked potentials can be abnormal even in patients without neuropathy. The BAER is a physiological recording technique to study the auditory pathway and does not require subject’s attention and generates waves during the first 10 ms after the sound stimulus. Each BAER wave is generated by the activation of a sub-cortical component of the auditory pathway with 90% sensitivity and 70–90% of specificity.
Holder Norsk politiutdanning mål (slik politiet selv vurderer den)?
Authors: Aas Geir , Thomassen Gunnar , Sund Annette 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Norwegian Police University College is required to regularly evaluate and ensure the quality of the education in order to maintain its accreditation as an institution of higher education. A central aspect of this quality control is to make sure that the education is relevant for the field of practice and the policing profession. The Police University College has therefore on three occasions since 2006 sent out a survey to police officers three years after graduation and asked them to evaluate the relevance of the education in general, and more specifically to evaluate their own qualifications in different areas of competence. A similar questionnaire was sent to the supervisors of the post-graduates to get a broader comparative perspective.
The overarching aim of this article is to find out to what degree newly educated police officers and their leaders perceive the police education to provide a sufficient preparation for the police profession. To shed light on this question we will present and analyse data from the “quality surveys” mentioned above, but mainly from the 2015 survey. Overall, the findings presented in the article suggest thatboth the newly educated police officers and their leaders generally perceive the education to provide a sufficient preparation for the police profession. However, the leaders tend to give a better score than the newly educated police officers both overall and on specific qualification. Moreover, when looking into specific areas of competences we find that both groups tend to give the lowest scores on physical and operational qualifications such as use of firearms. A discussion of possible causes and implications of the findings is included in the article.
Public or private administration of justice: privatization of prisons
Authors: Løvlie Anders , Guruli Papuna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article concerns the privatization of prisons and its consequences for the weakening of the state’s monopoly on punishment. It presents an analytical overview of arguments for and against the privatization of prisons in the light of recent developments in Norway. It concludes that the arguments are complex and interwoven and that they rest on several value judgments and empirical assumptions.
AbstractArtikkelen omhandler privatisering av fengsler. Det redegjøres for enkelte generelle trekk ved privatisering av fengsler og fremheves forhold som indikerer at privatisering kan bli aktuelt i Norge. Formålet med artikkelen er å gi en analytisk fremstilling av argumentene for og mot privatisering av fengsler, herunder løfte frem relevante empiriske og verdimessige premisser for spørsmålet om privatisering.
Frivillige organisationers resocialiserende arbejde i Kriminalforsorgens institutioner
Authors: Olesen Annette , Rosenholm Anders Brinck 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOutsourcing in the criminal justice system is experiencing growth in the not-for-profit sector in many Western countries. There is, however, no indication of this trend in the Danish Prison and Probation Service. On the contrary, the collaboration between the penal voluntary sector and the Danish Prison and Probation Service is not formalised and knowledge about the penal voluntary sector in Denmark is scarce. This article uses original empirical data to map out the delivery of rehabilitative programmes by the penal voluntary organisations within prison and probation facilities. It also addresses the challenges and potentials of the informal collaboration between the Danish Prison and Probation Service and the penal voluntary sector.
Antibacterial Activity of Ananas comosus Fruit Extract against Clinically Isolated Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infected Patients
Authors: Samuel Anbu Jeba Sunilson John , Vimala Anita Gnana Kumari Anpumoni , Dakshanamurthy Dhanuprabha 
Published: April 2021

Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Ananas comosus (A. comosus) fruit extract against clinically isolated bacteria from urinary tract infected patients.
Study Design: Experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Research Lab, Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur, India and Microbiology lab, School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Malaysia, between February 2019 and January 2020.
Methodology: In the present study the ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. comosus were analysed for the phytoconstituents and the activity of the plant extract was compared with a standard antibiotic which is used for a wide range of Urinary Tract infection which is Ciprofloxacin (250 mg/mL) using cup plate method.
Results: The ethanolic extract of A. comosus showed a great level of bacterial inhibition (27.3 mm) against Bacillus cereus as compared with standard (22.3 mm).Whereas the antimicrobial activity was moderate against Klebsiella organism and very less against Staphylococcus. Standard exhibits a huge difference in the zone of inhibition which is (34 mm) and ethanol extract (23 mm) against Enterococcus. While the aqueous extracts do not show any effect on the microorganism.
Conclusion: The ethanol extract A. comosus exhibited broad-spectrum activity against tested isolates compared to aqueous extract. A. comosus has broad inhibitory activities to pathogenic microorganisms and promising to act as potential antibacterial agents from natural plant sources.
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection
Authors: Kumar Darshan , Khan Muhammad Umar , Kashif Syed Mohammad , Shaikh Majid Ahmed , Nawaz Zunaira , Shaikh Ubedullah 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency with hepatitis B and C virus Infection.
Study Design: This is a prospective study.
Setting: Study carried out at Medicine department Civil Hospital Karachi, from March, 2018 to December, 2019.
Materials and Methods: 266 Participants of the study included patients with active hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection visiting OPD of the hospital. Vitamin D levels of 14-30 ng/ml have been described as insufficient and levels <14 ng/ml are labelled as deficient. Vitamin D level of >30 nm/ml have been defined as sufficient according to our study. Diagnosis of Hepatitis B is confirmed by HBV DNA and HBsAg serum levels and of Hepatitis C by HCV RNA levels.
Results: We received 70.6% (n=266) males and 29.3% females. After serological tests 34.9% (n=93) patients were positive for HBV DNA whereas 47.7% (n=127) patients were positive for HCV DNA. Coinfection with hepatitis B and C was present in 17.2% (n=46) of patients. Amongst total 266 participants 54.31% patients have been vitamin D deficient and 32.7% have insufficient vitamin D levels.
Conclusion: Genetic and metabolic factors linked to hepatitis B and C with vitamin D deficiency should be studied on large scale. In our study patients infected with HBV and HCV have been vitamin D deficient, supplementation needs to be added to the treatment regimen.
Interfacing Biomaterials with Synthetic T Cell Immunity
Authors: Su Fang‐Yi , Mac Quoc D. , Sivakumar Anirudh , Kwong Gabriel A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe clinical success of cancer immunotherapy is providing exciting opportunities for the development of new methods to detect and treat cancer more effectively. A new generation of biomaterials is being developed to interface with molecular and cellular features of immunity and ultimately shape or control anti‐tumor responses. Recent advances that are supporting the advancement of engineered T cells are focused here. This class of cancer therapy has the potential to cure disease in subsets of patients, yet there remain challenges such as the need to improve response rates and safety while lowering costs to expand their use. To provide a focused overview, recent strategies in three areas of biomaterials research are highlighted: low‐cost cell manufacturing to broaden patient access, noninvasive diagnostics for predictive monitoring of immune responses, and strategies for in vivo control that enhance anti‐tumor immunity. These research efforts shed light on some of the challenges associated with T cell immunotherapy and how engineered biomaterials that interface with synthetic immunity are gaining traction to solve these challenges.
A Review of Nanostructured Ion‐Exchange Membranes
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad A. , Yasmin Aqsa , Ge Xiaolin , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIon‐exchange membranes (IEMs) with tunable nanostructures possess great potential for energy‐efficient use in various applications such as electrodialysis, fuel cells, secondary batteries, and so on. Insight into the relationship between the morphology of the membrane nanostructures and the ions permeation is key to the realistic design and advancement of nanostructured IEMs. Here, recent progress on broadly divided four types of IEMs, based on solid‐state nanostructures, self‐assembled nanochannels, fillers‐integrated nanostructures, and artificial surface structures, are highlighted. For each type, fabrication of the nanostructured membranes and their influence on physical and ion transport properties are summarized. Additionally, the potential perspective of the nanostructured IEMs′ engineering and application are discussed in this review.
A New Bispyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloid From a Thai Collection of Clavelina sp.
Authors: Grkovic Tanja , Ruchirawat Somsak , Kittakoop Prasat , Grothaus Paul G. , Evans Jason R. , Britt John R. , Newman David J. , Mahidol Chulabhorn , O'Keefe Barry R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo bispyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, wakayin (1) and a new natural product 16‐hydroxy‐17‐oxindole wakayin (2), were isolated from a Thai collection of the ascidian Clavelina sp. Herein, we present the isolation and structural elucidation of the new natural product and compare its NCI‐60 cytotoxic activity to the known analogue wakayin and a series of other related pyrroloiminoquinones.