bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct microbial communities alter litter decomposition rates in a fertilized coastal plain wetland
Authors: Koceja Megan E. , Bledsoe Regina B. , Goodwillie Carol , Peralta Ariane L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman activities have led to increased deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into soils. Nutrient enrichment of soils is known to increase plant biomass and rates of microbial litter decomposition. However, interacting effects of hydrologic position and associated changes to soil moisture can constrain microbial activity and lead to unexpected nutrient feedbacks on microbial community structure–function relationships. Examining feedbacks of nutrient enrichment on decomposition rates is essential for predicting microbial contributions to carbon (C) cycling as atmospheric deposition of nutrients persists. This study explored how long‐term nutrient addition and contrasting litter chemical composition influenced soil bacterial community structure and function. We hypothesized that long‐term nutrient enrichment of low fertility soils alters bacterial community structure and leads to higher rates of litter decomposition especially for low C:N litter, but low‐nutrient and dry conditions limit microbial decomposition of high C:N ratio litter. We leveraged a long‐term fertilization experiment to test how nutrient enrichment and hydrologic manipulation (due to ditches) affected decomposition and soil bacterial community structure in a nutrient‐poor coastal plain wetland. We conducted a litter bag experiment and characterized litter‐associated and bulk soil microbiomes using 16S rRNA bacterial sequencing and quantified litter mass losses and soil physicochemical properties. Results revealed that distinct bacterial communities were involved in decomposing higher C:N ratio litter more quickly in fertilized compared to unfertilized soils especially under drier soil conditions, while decomposition rates of lower C:N ratio litter were similar between fertilized and unfertilized plots. Bacterial community structure in part explained litter decomposition rates, and long‐term fertilization and drier hydrologic status affected bacterial diversity and increased decomposition rates. However, community composition associated with high C:N litter was similar in wetter plots with available nitrate detected, regardless of fertilization treatment. This study provides insight into long‐term fertilization effects on soil bacterial diversity and composition, decomposition, and the increased potential for soil C loss as nutrient enrichment and hydrology interact to affect historically low‐nutrient ecosystems.
Brønsted Acid Mediated Nucleophilic Functionalization of Amides through Stable Amide C−N Bond Cleavage; One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles
Authors: Maity Srabani , Roy Arnab , Duari Surajit , Biswas Subrata , Elsharif Asma M. , Biswas Srijit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe have developed a Brønsted acid mediated synthetic method to directly cleave stable amide C−N bonds by a variety of alcohol and amine nucleophiles. Reverse reactivity was observed and alcoholysis of amides by activated primary and secondary benzylic, and propargylic alcohols have been achieved instead of the expected nucleophilic substitution of alcohols. As an application, 2‐substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been synthesized in one pot employing 2‐aminothiophenol as nucleophile.
Coupling the fermentation and membrane separation process for polyamides monomer cadaverine production from feedstock lysine
Authors: Luo Ruoshi , Qin Zhao , Zhou Dan , Wang Dan , Hu Ge , Su Zhiguo , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNylon is a polyamide material with excellent performance used widely in the aviation and automobile industries, and other fields. Nylon monomers such as hexamethylene diamine and other monomers are in huge demand. Therefore, in order to expand the methods of nylon production, we tried to develop alternative bio‐manufacturing processes which would make a positive contribution to the nylon industry. In this study, the engineered E. coli‐overexpressing Lysine decarboxylases (LDCs) were used for the bioconversion of l‐lysine to cadaverine. An integrated fermentation and microfiltration (MF) process for high‐level cadaverine production by E. coli was established. Concentration was increased from 87 to 263.6 g/L cadaverine after six batch coupling with a productivity of 3.65 g/L‐h. The cadaverine concentration was also increased significantly from 0.43 g cadaverine/g l‐lysine to 0.88 g cadaverine/g l‐lysine by repeated batch fermentation. These experimental results indicate that coupling the fermentation and membrane separation process could benefit the continuous production of cadaverine at high levels.
Logistics of deep tunnel construction sites without portal access – SBT2.1 Semmering Base Tunnel
Authors: Dankl Wolfgang , Reith Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe 27.3 km long Semmering Base Tunnel is a major component of the Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor trans‐European rail link. The SBT2.1 Fröschnitzgraben Tunnel section involves more construction work than any other contract section of the Semmering Base Tunnel project. First, two shafts over 400 m deep had to be sunk down to tunnel level in order to create the emergency station. From here, the tunnels are being driven towards Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag. The falling drives towards Gloggnitz, each approx. 8.5 km long, are being excavated with two tunnel boring machines (TBM), while conventional tunnelling methods (drill and blast) are being used to drive the 4.3 km long rising section towards Mürzzuschlag. Another major component of the contract is the creation and management of the Longsgraben landfill site.With a complex construction project of this nature, the local conditions, changing construction phases, different tunnelling methods, geological conditions, safety and contractual aspects, and the long duration of the construction, must all be given careful consideration when planning the logistics. The overall scope of logistics is broken down into individual areas; this enables several logistical concepts to be developed which do not necessarily have to correlate with one another. Through the involvement of the client, it has been possible to develop efficient and, for the most part, straightforward organisational measures and solutions for this construction project.
On the Stability of Pt‐Based Catalysts in HBr/Br2 Solution
Authors: Liu Qiang , Meissel Hubert , Sadykov Ilia , Jones Simon , Van Dijk Nick , Rzepka Przemyslaw , Artiglia Luca , Ranocchiari Marco , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStability studies on supported metal nanoparticles are essential for gaining insight into the design and optimization of high‐performance materials. In this work, the dissolutions of Pt‐based catalysts in HBr/Br2 mixture of various concentration regimes were studied and correlated with material structural properties. The dissolution of metal nanoparticles was enhanced by adding Br2 to the HBr solution. Comparing with commercial Pt/C catalyst, the well‐alloyed PtIr/C catalyst was observed to exhibit high resistance towards dissolution. In addition, regulating the accessibility of the metal sites to dissolution‐inducing species contributed to the marked stability of the nanoparticles in HBr/Br2 solutions, as shown for the surface‐modified PtIr/C catalysts with organic diamine molecules.
Maternal and neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies assessment after mRNA maternal vaccination in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Riviello Chiara , Pontello Valentina 
Published: June 2021

SynopsisVaccine immunization against SARS‐Cov‐2 is transferred to the fetus; however, transplacental passage of antibodies after vaccination might be less efficient than in natural infection.
Applicant factors contributing to interview selection, ranking determination, and judgement of “Fit” among health service psychology internship training programs
Authors: Ingram Paul B. , Bergquist Becca K. , Currin Joseph M. , Schmidt Adam T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe predoctoral internshipAQ4 training year is the capstone training experience for health service doctoral students. Previous research has explored what applicant characteristics are desired by internship sites and has not thoroughly explored differences between types of sites or criteria importance at different stages of applicant consideration (interview vs. ranking).AimsWe evaluate current perceptions of doctoral student internship applications by training directors.Materials and MethodsInternship training directors of APA‐accredited sites report on the importance of different application materials during interview and ranking decisions. We also compare these rankings across site types.ResultsResults indicate that internship sites were generally consistent in their criteria rankings; however, there were also some differences. Intern applicant “fit” continues to be the most important criteria by which applicants are judged at all stages of consideration. Qualitative analysis found that “fit” varied by site across themes of treatment, applicant, and site characteristics.DiscussionWe discuss implications in their preparation of internship applications. In addition to the practical guidance for students, we discuss how program changes can increase applicant site competitiveness.
What sound sources trigger misophonia? Not just chewing and breathing
Authors: Hansen Heather A. , Leber Andrew B. , Saygin Zeynep M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesMisophonia is a highly prevalent yet understudied condition characterized by aversion toward particular environmental sounds. Oral/nasal sounds (e.g., chewing, breathing) have been the focus of research, but variable experiences warrant an objective investigation. Experiment 1 asked whether human‐produced oral/nasal sounds were more aversive than human‐produced nonoral/nasal sounds and non‐human/nature sounds. Experiment 2 additionally asked whether machine‐learning algorithms could predict the presence and severity of misophonia.MethodSounds were presented to individuals with misophonia (Exp.1: N = 48, Exp.2: N = 45) and members of the general population (Exp.1: N = 39, Exp.2: N = 61). Aversiveness ratings to each sound were self‐reported.ResultsSounds from all three source categories—not just oral/nasal sounds—were rated as significantly more aversive to individuals with misophonia than controls. Further, modeling all sources classified misophonia with 89% accuracy and significantly predicted misophonia severity (r = 0.75).ConclusionsMisophonia should be conceptualized as more than an aversion to oral/nasal sounds, which has implications for future diagnostics and experimental consistency moving forward.
Pharmacokinetics of Asciminib in Individuals With Hepatic or Renal Impairment
Authors: Hoch Matthias , Sato Masahiko , Zack Julia , Quinlan Michelle , Sengupta Tirtha , Allepuz Alex , Aimone Paola , Hourcade‐Potelleret Florence 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAsciminib is an investigational, first‐in‐class, specifically targeting the ABL myristoyl pocket (STAMP) inhibitor of BCR‐ABL1 with a new mechanism of action compared with approved ATP‐competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This report describes the findings from 2 phase 1 studies assessing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a single dose of asciminib (40 mg) in individuals with impaired renal function (based on absolute glomerular filtration rate; NCT03605277) or impaired hepatic function (based on Child‐Pugh classification; NCT02857868). Individuals with severe renal impairment exhibited 49%‐56% higher exposure (area under the curve [AUC]), with similar maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), than matched healthy controls. Based on these findings, as per the protocol, the PK of asciminib in individuals with mild or moderate renal impairment was not assessed. In individuals with mild and severe hepatic impairment, asciminib AUC was 21%‐22% and 55%‐66% higher, respectively, and Cmax was 26% and 29% higher, respectively, compared with individuals with normal hepatic function. Individuals with moderate hepatic impairment had similar asciminib AUC and Cmax than matched healthy controls. The increase in asciminib AUC and Cmax in the mild hepatic impairment cohort was mainly driven by 1 participant with particularly high exposure. Asciminib was generally well tolerated, and the safety data were consistent with its known safety profile. In summary, these findings indicate that renal or hepatic impairment has no clinically meaningful effect on the exposure or safety profile of asciminib, and support its use in patients with varying degrees of renal or hepatic dysfunction.
Assessment of degradation potential of Pseudomonas species in bioremediating soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons
Authors: Baig Zenab Tariq , Abbasi Sikandar Ali , Memon Abdul Ghaffar , Naz Alia , Soomro Abdul Fatah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe bioremediation versatility of soil indigenous microbial community for the degradation of oil contaminated soils has been evidenced previously. In this study, three dominant bacterial strains, Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (accession numbers ATCC‐27853, BAA‐427, and ATCC‐49128), were isolated from three different oil‐contaminated sites to evaluate their bioremediation potential. Degradation potential was determined against two compounds, naphthalene and pyrene, from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in batch experiment.RESULTSThe bacterial strains were effective in degrading naphthalene and pyrene. Further, the degradation potential of these compounds was correlated with total organic carbon (TOC). Among the bacterial strains, P. putida (accession number ATCC‐27853) effectively degraded naphthalene and pyrene by 92% and 83%, respectively. The other bacterial strain, P. aeruginosa (ATCC‐27853), equally degraded the naphthalene (83.6%) but differed considerably for pyrene, with the lowest removal efficiency of 24.2% at 3 ppm. Growth profiles of the proposed bacterial strains, P. putida (accession number ATCC‐27853), P. aeruginosa (accession number BAA‐427), and P. aeruginosa, ATCC‐49128), revalidated through colony‐forming unit (CFU·mL−1). P. putida showed the highest cell count 5.06 × 108 (CFU·mL−1) for naphthalene.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights that isolated Pseudomonas strains showed the highest degrading activity for naphthalene and pyrene‐degrading without the addition of any chemical or co‐substrate within a short interval. Overall, findings indicate that inoculation of the bacterial strains belonging to Pseudomonas species can stimulate low and high weight PAH compounds degradation and maintain the bacterial biomass, thus accelerating the dissipation of soil PAHs. It further provides evidence for perspectives on the potential of bacterial community assembly of PAH‐contaminated soils. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Current status and future challenges in transitioning to continuous bioprocessing of virus‐like particles
Authors: Mittal Manya , Banerjee Manidipa , Lua Linda HL , Rathore Anurag S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) are bioengineered protein complexes that can serve as prophylactic vaccines due to favorable immunological characteristics like size, repetitive surface geometry and ability to induce both innate and adaptive immune responses, without being infectious. Large‐scale manufacturing of VLPs presents some interesting and unique challenges associated with removal of refractory contaminants to attain high product purity, improvement in structural homogeneity and colloidal stability. Recent advancements in production and purification of VLP‐based vaccines, such as application of monolithic multicolumn chromatography and inline concentration and diafiltration, have set a stage for implementation of continuous bioprocessing for commercial manufacturing of VLPs. The benefits of continuous bioprocessing have been well demonstrated for biotherapeutics, particularly monoclonal antibodies and small peptides. With the growing demand for affordable vaccines, the biopharmaceutical industry has shown increasing interest in establishing end‐to‐end continuous platforms. This article reviews major developments that have occurred in continuous processing for the manufacturing of VLPs. The major problems inherent in transitions from batch to continuous processing are also discussed, along with potential strategies to overcome the challenges. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Environmental and economic trade‐offs of using composted or stockpiled manure as partial substitute for synthetic fertilizer
Authors: De Rosa Daniele , Biala Johannes , Nguyen Trung H. , Mitchell Elaine , Friedl Johannes , Scheer Clemens , Grace Peter R. , Rowlings David W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractManure generated from livestock production could represent an important source of plant nutrients in substitution of synthetic fertilizer. To evaluate the sustainability of partially substituting synthetic fertilizer with soil organic amendments (OAs) in horticulture, an economic and greenhouse gas (GHG) budget was developed. The boundary for analysis included manure processing (stockpiling vs. composting) and transport and spreading of manure and compost (feedlot and chicken) in intensively cultivated horticultural fields. The OA field application rates were calculated based on the nitrogen supplied by OAs. The GHG budget based on directly measured emissions indicates that the application of composted manure, in combination with reduced fertilizer rate, was always superior to stockpiled manures. Compost treatments showed from 9 to 90% less GHG emissions than stockpiled manure treatments. However, higher costs associated with the purchase and transport of composted manure (three times higher) generated a greater economic burden compared with stockpiled manure and synthetic fertilizer application. The plant nutrient replacement value of the OAs was considered only for the first year of application, and if long‐term nutrient release from OAs is taken into account, additional savings are possible. Because the income from soil carbon sequestration initiatives in response to OA application is unlikely to bridge this financial gap, particularly in the short term, this study proposes that future policy should develop methodologies for avoided GHG emissions from OA application. The combined income from soil carbon sequestration and potentially avoided GHG initiatives could incentivize farmers to adopt OAs as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers, thereby promoting more sustainable farming practices.
Impact and risk factors for skeletal muscle mass loss after hepatic resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Itoh Shinji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Tomiyama Takahiro , Iseda Norifumi , Morinaga Akinari , Shimagaki Tomonari , Wang Huanlin , Kurihara Takeshi , Nagao Yoshihiro , Toshima Takeo , Harada Noboru , Nishie Akihiro , Ishigami Kousei , Mori Masaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe aims of this study were to determine whether a postoperative decrease in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) after hepatic resection can predict long‐term outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify risk factors for SMM loss in patients who undergo hepatic resection.MethodsThis was a large retrospective study of 400 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC and pre‐ and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. SMM was measured at the third lumbar vertebrae, and the postoperative change in SMM compared with preoperative values was calculated as Δ SMM. The cutoff value for the post‐/preoperative ratio was set at 0.9.ResultsSixty patients (15.0%) developed SMM loss. These patients had a significantly prolonged prothrombin time (P = 0.0092), longer duration of surgery (P = 0.0021), more blood loss (P = 0.0040), and higher rate of postoperative complications (P = 0.0037) than those without SMM loss. Multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged prothrombin time and postoperative complications were independent risk factors for SMM loss after hepatic resection. Patients with SMM loss had significantly shorter overall survival (P = 0.0018) than the other patients had. SMM loss was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 1.551, 95% confidential interval 1.028–2.340, P = 0.0363).ConclusionsWe demonstrated an association of SMM loss with postoperative complications and long‐term prognosis in patients with HCC. Patients with prolonged prothrombin time, or postoperative complications, may need to maintain their SMM. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate whether nutritional support can improve SMM loss.
Human monocytes store and secrete preformed CCL5, independent of de novo protein synthesis
Authors: Persaud Arvin Tejnarine , Bennett Stephen Andrew , Thaya Laxshaginee , Burnie Jonathan , Guzzo Christina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMonocytes are a subset of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with diverse roles in immunity, including sentinel roles in cytokine secretion. Conventionally, cytokines require an inductive stimulus for their expression and secretion, resulting in a time lag from the time of stimulation to when the proteins are packaged and secreted. Because cytokines are the main communicators in the immune system, their temporal expression is a key factor in coordinating responses to efficiently resolve infection. Herein, we identify that circulating human monocytes contain preformed cytokines that are stored intracellularly, in both resting and activated states. Having preformed cytokines bypasses the time lag associated with de novo synthesis, allowing monocytes to secrete immune mediators immediately upon activation or sensing of microbe-associated molecular patterns. We demonstrate here that, out of several cytokines evaluated, human monocytes contain a previously undescribed reservoir of the preformed chemokine CCL5. Furthermore, we showed that CCL5 could be secreted from monocytes treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) and Golgi blocker (brefeldin A). We examined the possibility for uptake of extracellular CCL5 from platelet aggregates and observed no significant levels of platelet binding to our enriched monocyte preparations, indicating that the source of preformed CCL5 was not from platelets. Preformed CCL5 was observed to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm and partially colocalized with CD63+ and Rab11A+ membranes, implicating endosomal compartments in the intracellular storage and trafficking of CCL5.