bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sistem Pembibitan PT. Agrowisata Porlak Parna Berbasis Web
Authors: PURBA JOICE ANGELINA , PULUNGAN JURMIDA , TURNIP MARDI , MARBUN ADVENT TORAS 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPT. Agrowisata Porlak Parna mempunyai program kegiatan penyediaan bibit dan menyalurkan bibit untuk melestarikan kawasan di sekitar danau toba. Namun pengolahan dan penyaluran data bibit mengalami kesulitan Karena sistem yang terdapat pada perusahaan masih menggunakan sistem konvensional. Untuk itu perlu dirancang sistem pembibitan dalam bentuk website dengan PHP digunakan sebagai bahasa pemrograman, DBMS MySQL sebagai database pada model waterfall. Rancangan tersebut menghasilkan sistem pembibitan yang memudahkan admin dalam mengolah data bibit dan pengadopsi dapat mengetahui perkembangan bibit sehingga membantu meringankan pekerjaan pegawai dan meningkatkan kinerja yang baik terhadap perusahaan.Kata kunci: Sistem Pembibitan, Web, PHP, DBMS MySQL, WaterfallAbstractPT. Porlak Parna Agrotourism has a program of providing seeds and distributing seeds to preserve the area around Lake Toba. However, the processing and distribution of seed data experienced difficulties because the system contained in the company was still using a conventional system. For this reason, it is necessary to design a nursery system. In the form of a website with PHP used as a programming language, DBMS MySQL as a database in the waterfall model. The design produces a nursery system that makes it easier for admins to process seed data and adopters can find out the development of seedlings so as to help ease the work of employees and improve good performance for the company.Keywords: Nursery System, Web, PHP, MySQL DBMS, Waterfall
SUPREMACISMO BLANCO Y EXTREMA DERECHA: AMENAZAS PARA LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMÉRICA Y MÉXICO
Authors: ORTIZ ARELLANO EDGARD 
Published: July 2021

El supremacismo blanco y la extrema derecha estadounidense, de ma- nera paulatina aumenta su presencia política, número de adeptos y ac- ciones violentas que han desencadenado ataques terroristas con resul- tados fatales. Estos hechos de terror están dirigidos hacia personas que no pertenecen a lo que estos grupos supremacistas consideran gente blanca, y entre estos objetivos se encuentra la población de mexicanos que radican, visitan o trabajan en los Estados Unidos de América, así también ciudadanos de ese país y sus instituciones son víctimas de ataques racistas, de ahí que la finalidad del presente documento es el dilucidar las características más relevantes del supremacismo blanco así como sus condiciones actuales, estableciendo que estosgrupos violentos son una amenaza para el gobierno estadounidense y su orden democrático así como para México y sus ciudadanos. Este artículo utilizó textos académicos recientes y se apoyó en la Global Terrorism Database, desarrollado por la Universidad de Maryland, así como en datos estadísticos de la agencia estadounidense Federal Bureau Investigation.
Method for the Estimation of the Limit Coefficients of Reflection and Transition of a Flat Micro Wave in a Bi-complex Medium
Authors: Yordanov Antim Hristov 
Published: July 2021

The reaction of different materials to external magnetic fields depends on the frequency of propagation of radio waves in substances and is determined by the dielectric constant, magnetic permeability , by the vectors of the electric and magnetic field. When irradiated with a flat wave on a flat surface, the phenomenon occurs at the boundary between two media, which will be described by an algorithm through reflection and transmission coefficients used in the processing of transmitted and reflected signals from radars, and adopted in radiology as well.
Model for Research into the Factors Influencing the Effective Planning and Management of Production Capacity
Authors: Dimitrova Krasimira , Panayotova Tanya , Veleva Neli Dobrinova 
Published: July 2021

In today's dynamic business environment, the success and competitiveness of any production organization is ensured by continuous improvement, sustainable development, effective planning and management. There is a growing scientific interest in the importance and relevance of production management in view of the strong need to redefine the policies and priorities within the respective strategic plan for business development - with increased focus on capacity planning in order for the industrial enterprises to adapt successfully to the dynamically changing conditions of the global environment and intense competition. Accordingly, full advantage is taken from the ample opportunities to study the impact of a number of factors on capacity planning and management. Based on an in-depth literature analysis, interviews and surveys, selected were 18 key factors that have a profound influence on the effective planning and capacity management of the production organization. Using the relationship between each of these factors and the capacity management is closely examined by applying the method of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Additionally, the interrelationships between the key factors under study are further analyzed by means of a Structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM).
A Pemetaan Sosio Kultural Mad'u dan Pengembangan Dakwah Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Kango Andries 
Published: July 2021

Paper ini fokus pada pemetaan sosio kultural mad'u Kota Gorontalo dan pengembangan dakwahnya. Metode; Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi, budaya serta dakwah diterapkan menggunakan interview, observasi, serta dokumentasi terhadap pemerintah kecamatan/desa, Da'i, tokoh agama dan masyarakat yang dipilih. Data empiris menggambarkan lembaga-lembaga dakwah di Kota Gorontalo tidak memiliki peta dakwah. Dakwah yang dijalankan bersifat instan, monoton, temporer dan tidak didasarkan pada dokumen rencana pengembangannya. Temuan; penelitian ini menemukan karakteristik sosio kultur masyarakat Kota Gorontalo terdiri dari masyarakat industrialis dan agraris. Pengembangan dakwahnya difokuskan pada pendekatan Ahsan al-'amal di samping terus mempertahankan Ahsan al-qaul. Bentuk dakwahnya adalah tablig, tadbir, tatwir, dan irsyad. Kegiatannya berupa ta'lim, taujih, mau'izah, nasihah, irsyad, tadbir, dan tatwir.
Students’ Perception towards the Use of Rewards to Enhance Their Learning Behaviours and Self-Development
Authors: Phungphai Kamron , Boonmoh Atipat 
Published: July 2021

Rewarding system and reinforcement have often been used in language teaching, and they have been used to help improve students’ academic achievements, and learning competition and control desirable behaviours in the English learning classroom. This exploratory study investigates students’ perceptions of the use of rewards in the classroom for enhancing behaviours and self-development. Participants were 29 mattayom 5 high school students (Grade 11) who studied a fundamental English course in Samut Sakhon Province on the outskirts of Bangkok. The rewarding system was then designed to be used during the 12-week sessions. The course was divided into 3 phases, and each phase lasted for 4 weeks. No rewards were given to students in the first phase, and all rewards were given in the second and third phases. At the end of week 4, 8 and 12, participants were required to write reflective journals to examine their perceptions toward the use of rewards. The journals were analysed via thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that receiving rewards influenced students’ positive emotions - enjoyment, excitement, relaxation and engagement. The findings also showed that they were highly satisfied with the use of rewards which enhanced their self-development since a teacher used them as external goals. Rewards were used as positive reinforcement for learning behaviour. The use of rewards was also used to build more powerful activities in the classroom.
Guillain – Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Tsoma E. I. 
Published: July 2021

Neurological manifestations of COVID‑19 infection are caused by its effects on CNS (headache, dizziness, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, etc.) and PNS (anosmia, ageusia, visual impairment, radiculo‑ and neuropathy). Guillain – Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disease associated with damage to the peripheral nervous system. 40 — 70 % of cases are associated with a previous infection: cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Campylobacter jejuni etc. The clinical characteristics of this condition are progressive muscle weakness, reduction or loss of tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia and areflexia), paresthesias, paresis of the cranial nerves. The diagnosis is based on clinical data, cerebrospinal fluid analysis (protein level, cytosis, antigangliosid antibodies), as well as electroneuromyography. Most patients with Guillain – Barré syndrome totally recover. However, the most dangerous and severe complication of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is paralysis of the respiratory muscles. About a quarter of patients require urgent treatment at intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation and/or tracheostomy. Mortality in Guillain – Barré syndrome can reach to 10 %. There have been several reports of COVID‑19‑related GBS in the world scientific medical literature during the last year, but more information about this association and its implications is still missing. The aim of this report was to analyze the available information about cases of Guillain – Barré syndrome associated with COVID‑19 infection, to compare different variants of this condition and to share our own experience in clinical management of such patient.
Fabricación y caracterización de vigas dúo reforzadas de maderas de “Populus sp.” y “Pinus pinaster Ait.”
Authors: Balmori Roiz Jose Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Esta tesis doctoral pretende desarrollar un producto industrializado de madera reforzada que permita emplear con usos estructurales maderas de rápido crecimiento y bajas prestaciones mecánicas, o de baja calidad, actualmente rechazadas. La actual exigencia social de realizar construcciones sostenibles y eficientes energéticamente, recogida en la directiva europea 2018/844/EU, posiciona a la madera como uno de los materiales de construcción con mayor proyección de crecimiento en el futuro cercano. Sin embargo, las especies gestionadas con fines de uso estructural son limitadas y sus masas forestales, pese a someterse a una gestión ordenada y planificada, son finitas en extensión y su explotación se ve condicionada por los tiempos de crecimiento propios de cada especie. Por ello, para dar respuesta a la creciente demanda de madera de un modo sostenible en el tiempo, es preciso introducir en la industria maderera nuevas especies de rápido crecimiento y, además, optimizar los recursos de las especies tradicionales. Las bajas prestaciones mecánicas de las maderas de rápido crecimiento, y la influencia negativa de las singularidades propias de la madera en aquellas de calidad rechazo, limitan actualmente su aplicación intensiva en usos estructurales. La fabricación de productos de madera industrializada reforzada con materiales polímeros reforzados con fibras (FRP) introducidos en su línea de encolado permite aumentar las prestaciones mecánicas de estas maderas, aumentando la rigidez, para posibilitar su aplicación en la construcción y rehabilitación de estructuras de edificación.
En esta investigación se han utilizado dos especies de madera: chopo (Populus x euroamericana I-214) y pino pinaster (Pinus pinaster Ait.), presentes de forma extensa en toda Castilla y León y gestionadas artificialmente por el hombre en plantaciones intensivas en zonas de ribera (chopo) o en reforestaciones de terrenos áridos (pino pinaster). El cambio de uso de estas especies y la fabricación en industrias locales de un producto de segunda transformación puede generar unos nuevos recursos económicos, facilitando la creación de empleo “verde” y la fijación de población en zonas rurales.
THE EFFECT OF HEIGHT OF TAPPING COVER AND SEED DRYING THICKNESS ON SIPERKASA FLOOR INNOVATION ON SEED QUALITY AND GROWTH OF RICE SEEDS (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Atmaja Bagas Danurwenda , Sutoto Supono Budi , Haryanto Darban 
Published: July 2021

Drying rice grain is one of the problems faced during the rainy season. This study aims to obtain information about the height of the tent, the thickness of the appropriate seed layer, and the interaction between the height of the tent and the thickness of the seed layer on the quality of rice seeds. The research method used is a field experiment prepared with a completely randomized block design using a split-plot design. As the main plot is the treatment of the height of the tarpaulin cover are 50, 80, and 110 cm. As a subplot is a thick layer treatment is 5, 7, 9, and 11 cm. Each treatment combination was repeated three times. The results showed that tarpaulin height has a significant effect on the parameters of the maximum growth potency and plant height at week 4. A tent height of 50 cm had the highest maximum growth potential. Layer thickness gave a significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers at week 4 and plant height at week 4. The number of tillers in the fourth week of treatment with a layer thickness of 7, 9, and 11 cm was not significantly different but was significantly better than the layer thickness of 5 cm. The highest parameter of plant height at week 4 was 7 cm thick. There was an interaction between tarpaulin height and layer thickness on the parameters of the number of tillers at week 6, plant height at week 2 and 6.
On the cutting edge of glioblastoma surgery: where neurosurgeons agree and disagree on surgical decisions
Authors: Müller Domenique M. J. , Robe Pierre A. , Ardon Hilko , Barkhof Frederik , Bello Lorenzo , Berger Mitchel S. , Bouwknegt Wim , Van den Brink Wimar A. , Conti Nibali Marco , Eijgelaar Roelant S. , Furtner Julia , Han Seunggu J. , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Idema Albert J. S. , Kiesel Barbara , Kloet Alfred , Mandonnet Emmanuel , De Munck Jan C. , Rossi Marco , Sciortino Tommaso , Vandertop W. Peter , Visser Martin , Wagemakers Michiel , Widhalm Georg , Witte Marnix G. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , De Witt Hamer Philip C. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of glioblastoma surgery is to maximize the extent of resection while preserving functional integrity. Standards are lacking for surgical decision-making, and previous studies indicate treatment variations. These shortcomings reflect the need to evaluate larger populations from different care teams. In this study, the authors used probability maps to quantify and compare surgical decision-making throughout the brain by 12 neurosurgical teams for patients with glioblastoma.

METHODS
The study included all adult patients who underwent first-time glioblastoma surgery in 2012–2013 and were treated by 1 of the 12 participating neurosurgical teams. Voxel-wise probability maps of tumor location, biopsy, and resection were constructed for each team to identify and compare patient treatment variations. Brain regions with different biopsy and resection results between teams were identified and analyzed for patient functional outcome and survival.

RESULTS
The study cohort consisted of 1087 patients, of whom 363 underwent a biopsy and 724 a resection. Biopsy and resection decisions were generally comparable between teams, providing benchmarks for probability maps of resections and biopsies for glioblastoma. Differences in biopsy rates were identified for the right superior frontal gyrus and indicated variation in biopsy decisions. Differences in resection rates were identified for the left superior parietal lobule, indicating variations in resection decisions.

CONCLUSIONS
Probability maps of glioblastoma surgery enabled capture of clinical practice decisions and indicated that teams generally agreed on which region to biopsy or to resect. However, treatment variations reflecting clinical dilemmas were observed and pinpointed by using the probability maps, which could therefore be useful for quality-of-care discussions between surgical teams for patients with glioblastoma.
Intermediate-grade brain arteriovenous malformations and the boundary of operability using the supplemented Spetzler-Martin grading system
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Frisoli Fabio A. , Nguyen Candice L. , Labib Mohamed A. , Cole Tyler S. , Baranoski Jacob F. , Kim Helen , Spetzler Robert F. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Supplemented Spetzler-Martin grading (Supp-SM), which is the combination of Spetzler-Martin and Lawton-Young grades, was validated as being more accurate than stand-alone Spetzler-Martin grading, but an operability cutoff was not established. In this study, the authors surgically treated intermediate-grade AVMs to provide prognostic factors for neurological outcomes and to define AVMs at the boundary of operability.

METHODS
Surgically treated Supp-SM intermediate-grade (5, 6, and 7) AVMs were analyzed from 2011 to 2018 at two medical centers. Worsened neurological outcomes were defined as increased modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores on postoperative examinations. A second analysis of 2000–2011 data for Supp-SM grade 6 and 7 AVMs was performed to determine the subtypes with improved or unchanged outcomes. Patients were separated into three groups based on nidus size (S1: < 3 cm, S2: 3–6 cm, S3: > 6 cm) and age (A1: < 20 years, A2: 20–40 years, A3: > 40 years), followed by any combination of the combined supplemented grade: low risk (S1A1, S1A2, S2A1), intermediate risk (S2A2, S1A3, S3A1, or high risk (S3A3, S3A2, S2A3).

RESULTS
Two hundred forty-six patients had intermediate Supp-SM grade AVMs. Of these patients, 102 had Supp-SM grade 5 (41.5%), 99 had Supp-SM grade 6 (40.2%), and 45 had Supp-SM grade 7 (18.3%). Significant differences in the proportions of patients with worse mRS scores at follow-up were found between the groups, with 24.5% (25/102) of patients in Supp-SM grade 5, 29.3% (29/99) in Supp-SM grade 6, and 57.8% (26/45) in Supp-SM grade 7 (p < 0.001). Patients with Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs had significantly increased odds of worse postoperative mRS scores (p < 0.001; OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9–7.3). In the expanded cohort of 349 Supp-SM grade 6 AVM patients, a significantly higher proportion of older patients with larger Supp-SM grade 6 AVMs (grade 6+, 38.6%) had neurological deterioration than the others with Supp-SM grade 6 AVMs (22.9%, p = 0.02). Conversely, in an expanded cohort of 197 Supp-SM grade 7 AVM patients, a significantly lower proportion of younger patients with smaller Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs (grade 7–, 19%) had neurological deterioration than the others with Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs (44.9%, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with Supp-SM grade 7 AVMs are at increased risk of worse postoperative neurological outcomes, making Supp-SM grade 6 an appropriate operability cutoff. However, young patients with small niduses in the low-risk Supp-SM grade 7 group (grade 7−) have favorable postoperative outcomes. Outcomes in Supp-SM grade 7 patients did not improve with surgeon experience, indicating that the operability boundary is a hard limit reflecting the complexity of high-grade AVMs.
The associations between radiological and neurological findings of degenerative cervical myelopathy: radiological analysis based on kinematic CT myelography and evoked potentials of the spinal cord
Authors: Funaba Masahiro , Imajo Yasuaki , Suzuki Hidenori , Nishida Norihiro , Nagao Yuji , Sakamoto Takuya , Fujimoto Kazuhiro , Sakai Takashi 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Neurological and imaging findings play significant roles in the diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Consistency between neurological and imaging findings is important for diagnosing DCM. The reasons why neurological findings exhibit varying sensitivity for DCM and their associations with radiological findings are unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between radiological parameters and neurological findings in DCM and elucidate the utility of concordance between imaging and neurological findings for diagnosing DCM.

METHODS
One hundred twenty-one patients with DCM were enrolled. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, radiological parameters, MRI and kinematic CT myelography (CTM) parameters, and the affected spinal level (according to multimodal spinal cord evoked potential examinations) were assessed. Kinematic CTM was conducted with neutral positioning or at maximal extension or flexion of the cervical spine. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the spinal cord, dynamic change in the CSA, C2–7 range of motion, and C2–7 angle were measured. The associations between radiological parameters and hyperreflexia, the Hoffmann reflex, the Babinski sign, and positional sense were analyzed via multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
In univariate analyses, the upper- and lower-limb JOA scores were found to be significantly associated with a positive Hoffmann reflex and a positive Babinski sign, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, a positive Hoffmann reflex was associated with a higher MRI grade (p = 0.026, OR 2.23) and a responsible level other than C6–7 (p = 0.0017, OR 0.061). A small CSA during flexion was found to be significantly associated with a positive Babinski sign (p = 0.021, OR 0.90). The presence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (p = 0.0045, OR 0.31) and a larger C2–7 angle during flexion (p = 0.01, OR 0.89) were significantly associated with abnormal great toe proprioception (GTP).

CONCLUSIONS
This study found that the Hoffmann reflex is associated with chronic and severe spinal cord compression but not the dynamic factors. The Babinski sign is associated with severe spinal cord compression during neck flexion. The GTP is associated with large cervical lordosis. These imaging features can help us understand the characteristics of the neurological findings.
Safety of direct injection of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into the spinal cord of uninjured Göttingen minipigs
Authors: Fessler Richard G. , Liu Charles Y. , McKenna Stephen , Fessler R. David , Lebkowski Jane S. , Priest Catherine A. , Wirth Edward D. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted as a final proof-of-safety direct injection of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into the uninjured spinal cord prior to translation to the human clinical trials.

METHODS
In this study, 107 oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (LCTOPC1, also known as AST-OPC1 and GRNOPC1) in 50-μL suspension were injected directly into the uninjured spinal cords of 8 immunosuppressed Göttingen minipigs using a specially designed stereotactic delivery device. Four additional Göttingen minipigs were given Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution and acted as the control group.

RESULTS
Cell survival and no evidence of histological damage, abnormal inflammation, microbiological or immunological abnormalities, tumor formation, or unexpected morbidity or mortality were demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS
These data strongly support the safety of intraparenchymal injection of LCTOPC1 into the spinal cord using a model anatomically similar to that of the human spinal cord. Furthermore, this research provides guidance for future clinical interventions, including mechanisms for precise positioning and anticipated volumes of biological payloads that can be safely delivered directly into uninjured portions of the spinal cord.