bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation‐Instructed Hierarchical Delivery of IL‐4/miR‐21 Orchestrates Osteoimmune Microenvironment toward the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Deng Yekun , Zhou Yang , Liang Qiujun , Ge Chenglong , Yang Jiandong , Shan Bingchen , Liu Yong , Zhou Xiaozhong , Yin Lichen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDysregulated inflammation and failure in resolution account for the incidence and deterioration of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL‐4 and miR‐21 possess complementary functions in inhibiting inflammation and fostering resolution. Thus, inflammation‐instructed nanocomplexes (NCs) are herein developed to mediate hierarchical co‐delivery of miR‐21 and IL‐4 to orchestrate the osteoimmune microenvironment against RA. The NCs comprise a cationic inner core assembled from the membrane‐penetrating, helical polypeptide (PG) and miR‐21, an outer layer based on the acid‐responsive, charge reversal polymer (PLL‐CA), and surface‐adsorbed IL‐4. The negatively charged NCs enable prolonged blood circulation after systemic administration, and thus passively accumulate in the inflamed joint. In the slightly acidic microenvironment of inflamed synovium, PLL‐CA transforms from negative to positive, which sheds off to liberate IL‐4 extracellularly and facilitate the intracellular delivery of the PG/miR‐21 core into macrophages. Thus, the anti‐inflammatory miR‐21 cooperates with the proresolving IL‐4 to attenuate inflammation via NF‐κB inhibition, promote macrophage polarization to M2a/M2c phenotypes, propel resolution, and promote tissue repair against Zymosan A‐induced arthritis. This study provides an effective strategy toward the programmed delivery of drug/gene cargoes at different extracellular/intracellular locations, and the combined mechanism of anti‐inflammation and proresolution renders insights into the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Hydrogel‐Based Motors
Authors: Wang Ke , Ren Jiaoyu , Yang Sicheng , Wang Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInspirations from the movements of organisms in nature have motivated a myriad of researchers to develop innovative intelligent soft matter mimicking the body deformation principles of natural systems. Similar to the sensory and control systems of biological organisms, the environment responsiveness and configurable structure of hydrogel make it an ideal candidate to construct biomimetic soft matters. This review highlights the progresses made toward developing hydrogel‐based motors from two aspects: chemically induced autonomous propulsion and external‐stimuli‐induced propulsion. According to the classification based on propulsion mechanisms, the design principles, fabrication methods, and motion characterization are discussed. By reviewing the efforts in the rapidly increasing multidisciplinary field, the framework of designing hydrogel‐based smart soft devices able to operate autonomously is outlined and ongoing research targets to meet the intended purpose are proposed.
Metal‐Free Oxidative Condensation of Catechols, Aldehydes and NH4OAc towards Benzoxazoles
Authors: Wu Shaofeng , Zhou Dan , Geng Furong , Dong Jianyu , Su Lebin , Zhou Yongbo , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBenzoxazoles extensively exist in biologically active compounds, natural products, pharmaceuticals and functional materials. Thus, facile and green synthesis of such valuable compounds from easily available substrates will make a contribution to drug, material, and fine chemistry. A method for the synthesis of benzoxazoles from catechols, aldehydes and ammonium acetate is developed using NaIO4 as oxidant under metal‐ and additive‐free conditions. A broad range of benzoxazoles including some fluorescent whitening agents, JTP‐426467 and tafamidis analogues are synthesized in 56–95% yields with outstanding functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations suggest that an interesting o‐iminocyclohexa‐diene alcohol intermediate is involved in the reaction. These salient features of the protocol make it an alternative for the synthesis of benzoxazoles.magnified image
Ultrasound‐Responsive Microfluidic Microbubbles for Combination Tumor Treatment
Authors: Huang Danqing , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Zhao Cheng , Fu Xiao , Zhang Weijing , Kong Wentao , Zhang Bing , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnticancer treatment is a worldwide challenge, and there are constant endeavors in this field to develop intelligent drug delivery systems to improve the therapeutic effect. This paper presents novel ultrasound‐responsive delivery microbubbles (UDMs), with chemotherapeutic‐encapsulated hydrogel shells and therapeutic gas cores. These are developed using microfluidic electrospray to treat pancreatic tumors. As the hydrogel shells are composed of thermo‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), they can contract under mild hyperthermia generated by the acoustic‐wave‐induced oscillation of the encapsulated gas. Thus, by triggering with ultrasound, the chemotherapeutic Gemcitabine (Gem) encapsulated in the hydrogel shells and the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) encased in the cores can be controllably released. Based on the UDMs, it is demonstrated that the multiple drug‐loaded microcarriers exhibit an excellent tumor‐killing effect through combination therapy. The Gem and H2S coloaded UDMs have good therapeutic efficacy and adaptability in an orthotopic pancreatic implantation tumor model established in mice. These results indicate that the proposed UDMs have a large potential for codelivery of multiple drugs for treating deep‐seated tumors and for realizing combination drug treatment to avoid untoward reactions.
Inhaled Dry Powder Formulation of Tamibarotene, a Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral against Respiratory Viruses Including SARS‐CoV‐2 and Influenza Virus
Authors: Liao Qiuying , Yuan Shuofeng , Cao Jianli , Tang Kaiming , Qiu Yingshan , Seow Han Cong , Man Rico Chi‐Hang , Shao Zitong , Huang Yaoqiang , Liang Ronghui , Chan Jasper Fuk‐Woo , Yuen Kwok‐Yung , Lam Jenny Ka‐Wing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn response to the epidemic and pandemic threats caused by emerging respiratory viral infections, a safe and efficient broad‐spectrum antiviral therapy at early onset of infection can significantly improve patients’ outcome. Inhaled dry powder is easy to administer and delivers antiviral agent directly to the primary site of infection, thereby minimizing systemic side effects. Here, spray freeze drying (SFD) technique is employed to formulate tamibarotene, a retinoid derivative with broad‐spectrum antiviral activity, as inhalable powder. The SFD tamibarotene powder exhibits desirable physicochemical and aerodynamic properties for inhalation. Pulmonary delivery of tamibarotene powder results in rapid absorption and higher bioavailability compared with intraperitoneal injection of unformulated drug in animals. More importantly, inhalation or intranasal delivery of SFD tamibarotene formulation displays broad‐spectrum antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and pandemic 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1) in mouse and hamster models by targeting lower or upper airways, and the efficacy is comparable or superior to the commercially available antivirals remdesivir and zanamivir against specific virus. These results present a promising strategy to combat various respiratory viral infections including SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza virus, or even co‐infection.
Bioinspired Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Actuators with Synergistic Color‐ and Morphing‐Change Abilities
Authors: Li Xinkai , Liu Jize , Li Dongdong , Huang Shaoquan , Huang Kai , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe combination of complex perception, defense, and camouflage mechanisms is a pivotal instinctive ability that equips organisms with survival advantages. The simulations of such fascinating multi‐stimuli responsiveness, including thigmotropism, bioluminescence, color‐changing ability, and so on, are of great significance for scientists to develop novel biomimetic smart materials. However, most biomimetic color‐changing or luminescence materials can only realize a single stimulus‐response, hence the design and fabrication of multi‐stimuli responsive materials with synergistic color‐changing are still on the way. Here, a bioinspired multi‐stimuli responsive actuator with color‐ and morphing‐change abilities is developed by taking advantage of the assembled cellulose nanocrystals‐based cholesteric liquid crystal structure and its water/temperature response behaviors. The actuator exhibits superfast, reversible bi‐directional humidity and near‐infrared (NIR) light actuating ability (humidity: 9 s; NIR light: 16 s), accompanying with synergistic iridescent appearance which provides a visual cue for the movement of actuators. This work paves the way for biomimetic multi‐stimuli responsive materials and will have a wide range of applications such as optical anti‐counterfeiting devices, information storage materials, and smart soft robots.
Manipulating Crystallographic Orientation of Zinc Deposition for Dendrite‐free Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Jin , Zhang Dongdong , Gu Chao , Wang Xiao , Wang Shanmin , Zhang Xinyu , Qin Jiaqian , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dendrite issues associated with zinc anode lead to safety hazards and sluggish reaction kinetics, and largely restrain widespread application of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, a functional separator composed of cellulose nanofibers and graphene oxide (CG) is developed for dendrite‐free and exceptionally stable ZIBs, realized by uniform hexagonal zinc deposits with manipulated crystallographic orientation (002) plane. This CG separator with negative surface charges and abundant zincophilic‐O groups ensures the strong interaction between the separator and zinc species, simultaneously inducing Zn(002) deposition due to the low mismatch between (002)Zn and (002)GO, thus initiating the preferential orientation of the zinc growth along the horizontal direction due to strong Zn binding ability, and uniform interfacial charge of Zn(002) deposition. Furthermore, the CG separator can effectively promote the uniform nucleation of Zn2+ and eliminate side effects. Accordingly, extremely low polarization of 58 mV at 0.5 mA cm−2, and ultralong cycle life over 1750 h at 2 mA cm−2 and 400 h at 20 mA cm−2 are achieved for the zinc anode. Notably, the CG separator significantly boosts rate capability and cyclability of coin‐type full batteries (Zn||Zn(CF3SO3)2||V2O5, Zn||ZnSO4+MnSO4||MnO2/graphite) and a flexible soft‐packaged battery (Zn||MnO2). Therefore, this work introduces a sustainability consideration in to the design of separators for constructing dendrite‐free ZIBs.
Assembling the Career Firefighter Health Study cohort: A methods overview
Authors: Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Singh Ankura , Triplett Suzanne , Salako Joke , Skerker Molly , Napier Ariana , Peele Eric , Stanley Marshica , Sattaluri Sridevi , Prezant David , Webber Mayris P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies of World Trade Center (WTC)‐exposed rescue/recovery workers report the increased occurrence of health conditions after work at the WTC disaster site. However, the extent to which these associations are due to WTC exposure is unclear, in part due to the lack of suitable comparison groups. Accordingly, we identified a previously assembled National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) cohort of career firefighters from three US cities (n = 29,992). Here, we document the challenges in establishing this non‐WTC‐exposed firefighter cohort for the goal of tracking and comparing cancer and chronic health conditions in WTC‐exposed and non‐WTC‐exposed firefighters.MethodsFollow‐up process included institutional review board applications, data use agreements, state cancer registry linkages and vital status determination for the NIOSH firefighter cohort. After completion of these steps, we undertook outreach to the three original city fire departments and union officials, before contact tracing and direct recruitment of 14,566 living firefighters to complete a confidential health survey. We staggered recruitment efforts by the city, using letters, postcards, emails, videos, and telephone outreach. Participants who completed the survey received $10.ResultsA total of 4962 of 14,566 alive firefighters responded to the baseline survey (34.1% response rate). Respondents were older and more likely to be non‐Hispanic white than nonrespondents.ConclusionsWe provide an overview of the process for the first survey to collect information on physical and mental health conditions among US firefighters. The data collected will have an important impact on studies of WTC rescue/recovery work, firefighting, and related health conditions.
Total Synthesis of the Alleged Structure of Crenarchaeol Enables Structure Revision**
Authors: Holzheimer Mira , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan , Havenith Remco W. A. , Cunha Ana V. , Minnaard Adriaan J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrenarchaeol is a glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipid produced exclusively in Archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota. This membrane‐spanning lipid is undoubtedly the structurally most sophisticated of all known archaeal lipids and an iconic molecule in organic geochemistry. The 66‐membered macrocycle possesses a unique chemical structure featuring 22 mostly remote stereocenters, and a cyclohexane ring connected by a single bond to a cyclopentane ring. Herein we report the first total synthesis of the proposed structure of crenarchaeol. Comparison with natural crenarchaeol allowed us to propose a revised structure of crenarchaeol, wherein one of the 22 stereocenters is inverted.
Liquid Droplet Formation and Facile Cytosolic Translocation of IgG in the Presence of Attenuated Cationic Amphiphilic Lytic Peptides
Authors: Iwata Takahiro , Hirose Hisaaki , Sakamoto Kentarou , Hirai Yusuke , Arafiles Jan Vincent V. , Akishiba Misao , Imanishi Miki , Futaki Shiroh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFc region binding peptide conjugated with attenuated cationic amphiphilic lytic peptide L17E trimer [FcB(L17E)3] was designed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) delivery into cells. Particle‐like liquid droplets were generated by mixing Alexa Fluor 488 labeled IgG (Alexa488‐IgG) with FcB(L17E)3. Droplet contact with the cellular membrane led to spontaneous influx and distribution of Alexa488‐IgG throughout cells in serum containing medium. Involvement of cellular machinery accompanied by actin polymerization and membrane ruffling was suggested for the translocation. Alexa488‐IgG negative charges were crucial in liquid droplet formation with positively charged FcB(L17E)3. Binding of IgG to FcB(L17E)3 may not be necessary. Successful intracellular delivery of Alexa Fluor 594‐labeled anti‐nuclear pore complex antibody and anti‐mCherry‐nanobody tagged with supernegatively charged green fluorescence protein allowed binding to cellular targets in the presence of FcB(L17E)3.
Cleavage of the N≡N Triple Bond and Unpredicted Formation of the Cyclic 1,3‐Diaza‐2,4‐Diborete (FB)2N2 from N2 and Fluoroborylene BF
Authors: Xu Bing , Beckers Helmut , Ye Haoyu , Lu Yan , Cheng Juanjuan , Wang Xuefeng , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA complete cleavage of the triple bond of N2 by fluoroborylene (:BF) was achieved in a low‐temperature N2 matrix by the formation of the four‐membered heterocycle FB(μ‐N)2BF, which lacks a trans‐annular N−N bond. Additionally, the linear complex FB=N−N=BF and cyclic FB(η2‐N2) were formed. These novel species were characterized by their matrix infrared spectra and quantum‐chemical calculations. The puckered four‐membered‐ring B2N2 complex shows a delocalized aromatic two‐electron π‐system in conjugation with the exo‐cyclic fluorine π lone pairs. This work may contribute to a rational design of catalysts based on borylene for artificial dinitrogen activation.
One‐step fabrication of wear‐resistant superhydrophobic coating based on aminosilane‐functionalized diatomaceous earth
Authors: Sun Xiaoying , Liu Jing , Zhang Zhihui , Zhi Yuanyuan , Jin Lujiang , Hang Jianzhong , Shi Liyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFacile fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings with excellent mechanical robustness is highly desired in practical application. Herein, a convenient and effective strategy for one‐step fabrication of robust volumetric superhydrophobic coating was developed containing aminosilane‐functionalized cylindrical diatomaceous earth (DE) particles and a polyurethane (PU) resin. Due to the strong chemical cross‐linking between the amino groups and the isocyanates, the superhydrophobic DE particles were strongly anchored to the PU resin, thus improving the wear resistance of the coating. The coating could withstand 20 m sandpaper abrasion under a constant pressure of 2.6 kPa. The wear resistance of the coating improved nearly 471% compared with the superhydrophobic DE/PU composite coating prepared by physical‐blending. Moreover, the coating also demonstrated great self‐cleaning performance, excellent chemical stability and underwater durability. Additionally, the as‐prepared coating could be easily applied to various substrates and exhibited high rigidity (3H‐4H), good adhesion (4B‐5B), and great flexibility (impact resistance of 1 Kg·m).
Whether or when: The question on the use of theories in data science
Authors: Fonseca Fred 
Published: June 2021

AbstractData Science can be considered a technique or a science. As a technique, it is more interested in the “what” than in the “why” of data. It does not need theories that explain how things work, it just needs the results. As a science, however, working strictly from data and without theories contradicts the post‐empiricist view of science. In this view, theories come before data and data is used to corroborate or falsify theories. Nevertheless, one of the most controversial statements about Data Science is that it is a science that can work without theories. In this conceptual paper, we focus on the science aspect of Data Science. How is Data Science as a science? We propose a three‐phased view of Data Science that shows that different theories have different roles in each of the phases we consider. We focus on when theories are used in Data Science rather than the controversy of whether theories are used in Data Science or not. In the end, we will see that the statement “Data Science works without theories” is better put as “in some of its phases, Data Science works without the theories that originally motivated the creation of the data.”
Power of sustainable development: Does environmental management system certification affect a firm's access to finance?
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ruan Hongfei , Tang Guiyao , Tong Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough prior research generated inconclusive findings between a firm's environmental management system and firm financial performance, attention to resolve this inconsistency by examining the internal channels is limited. Thus, this study focuses on a firm's access to finance and investigates whether a firm's environmental management system certification (EMS) leads to better access to finance. Based on the organizational legitimacy perspective, we hypothesize that this certification will benefit a firm with stakeholder approval and support and consequently alleviate its financial capital constraints. We further posit that the proposed relationship will be moderated by three types of legitimacy environments pertaining to how stakeholders and investors make the judgment on the environmental management system certification. We document that the proposed relationship, that is, the positive relationship between environmental management system certification and access to finance, will be stronger when the government attaches larger importance to environmental protection (regulative legitimacy), better environmental record (moral legitimacy), and better financial position (pragmatic legitimacy). Empirical analyses provide strong corroborating evidence for our predictions. These findings have important theoretical and managerial implications that are well discussed in this study.
Learning‐based pose edition for efficient and interactive design
Authors: Victor Léon , Meyer Alexandre , Bouakaz Saïda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAuthoring an appealing animation for a virtual character is a challenging task. In computer‐aided keyframe animation artists define the key poses of a character by manipulating its underlying skeletons. To look plausible, a character pose must respect many ill‐defined constraints, and so the resulting realism greatly depends on the animator's skill and knowledge. Animation software provide tools to help in this matter, relying on various algorithms to automatically enforce some of these constraints. The increasing availability of motion capture data has raised interest in data‐driven approaches to pose design, with the potential of shifting more of the task of assessing realism from the artist to the computer, and to provide easier access to nonexperts. In this article, we propose such a method, relying on neural networks to automatically learn the constraints from the data. We describe an efficient tool for pose design, allowing Naïve users to intuitively manipulate a pose to create character animations.
Meta‐analysis comparing valve‐in‐valve TAVR and redo‐SAVR in patients with degenerated bioprosthetic aortic valve
Authors: Saleem Sameer , Ullah Waqas , Syed Mubbasher Ameer , Megaly Michael , Thalambedu Nishanth , Younas Sundas , Zahid Salman , Alam Mahboob , Virani Salim S. , Verma Divya Ratan , Abdul‐Waheed Mohammad , Fischman David L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe comparative efficacy and safety of valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (ViV‐TAVR) and redo‐surgical AVR (redo‐SAVR) in patients with degenerated bioprosthetic aortic valves remain unknown.MethodDigital databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Unadjusted odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes were calculated using a random effect model. A total of 11 studies comprising 8326 patients (ViV‐TAVR = 4083 and redo‐SAVR = 4243) were included.ResultsThe mean age of patients undergoing ViV‐TAVR was older, 76 years compared to 73 years for those undergoing SAVR. The baseline characteristics for patients in ViV‐TAVR vs. redo‐SAVR groups were comparable. At 30‐days, the odds of all‐cause mortality (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30–0.68, p = .0002), cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.73, p = .001) and major bleeding (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.15–0.54, p = .0001) were significantly lower in patients undergoing ViV‐TAVR compared to redo‐SAVR. There were no significant differences in the odds of cerebrovascular accidents (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.52–1.58, p = .74), myocardial infarction (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.44–1.92, p = .83) and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM) (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.27–1.07, p = .08) between the two groups. During mid to long‐term follow up (6‐months to 5‐years), there were no significant differences between ViV‐TAVR and redo‐SAVR for all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and stroke. ViV‐TAVR was, however, associated with higher risk of prosthesis‐patient mismatch and greater transvalvular pressure gradient post‐implantation.ConclusionViV‐TAVR compared to redo‐SAVR appears to be associated with significant improvement in short term mortality and major bleeding. For mid to long‐term follow up, the outcomes were similar for both groups.