bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent and Teacher-Reported Child Outcomes Seven Years After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nested Case Control Study
Authors: Jones Kelly M. , Starkey Nicola , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Ameratunga Shanthi , Theadom Alice , Pocock Katy , Borotkanics Robert , Feigin Valery L. 
Published: July 2021

Background:Increasing evidence suggests potential lifetime effects following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood. Few studies have examined medium-term outcomes among hospitalized and non-hospitalized samples. Study aims were to describe children's behavioral and emotional adjustment, executive function (EF), quality of life, and participation at 7-years following mild TBI using parents' and teachers' reports.Methods:Nested case control study of 86 children (68% male, mean age at assessment = 11.27 years; range 7–17 years) who sustained a mild TBI 7-years previously, identified from a prospective, population-based study. They were compared to 69 children free from TBI (61% male, mean age at assessment = 11.12 years; range 5–17 years). In addition to parent-reported socio-demographic details, parents (mild TBIn= 86, non-TBIn= 69) completed age-appropriate standardized questionnaires about children's health-related quality of life, behavioral and emotional adjustment, EF, and social participation. Parents own mood was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Teachers (mild TBIn= 53, non-TBIn= 42) completed questionnaires about children's behavioral and emotional adjustment, and EF.Results:Parent reports showed median group-level scores for cases were statistically significantly greater than controls for emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, total behavioral difficulties, inhibitory control, shifting, planning/organizing, and Global Executive Composite (total) EF difficulties (p-values 0.001–0.029). Parent reports of child quality of life and social participation were similar, as were teacher reports of child behavioral and emotional adjustment, and EF (p&gt; 0.05). When examining clinical cut-offs, compared to controls, cases had a higher risk of parent-reported total EF difficulties (odds ratio = 3.00) and, to a lesser extent, total behavior problems (odds ratio = 2.51).Conclusions:As a group, children with a history of mild TBI may be at elevated risk for clinically significant everyday EF difficulties in the medium-term compared to non-TBI controls, as judged by their parents. Further multi-informant longitudinal research is required, following larger samples. Aspects requiring particular attention include pre-injury characteristics, such as sleep disturbances and comorbidities (e.g., headaches), that may act as potential confounders influencing the association between mild TBI and child behavioral problems.
Multisequence Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Neurography of Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexus in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Su Xiaoyun , Kong Xiangquan , Alwalid Osamah , Wang Jing , Zhang Huiting , Lu Zuneng , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an uncommon demyelinating disorder. Although treatable, it is difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and abnormalities of plexus via quantitative multisequence magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) for CIDP.MethodsBrachial and lumbosacral (LS) plexus of 37 CIDP patients and 37 age- and gender-matched controls were examined by using multisequence MRN. Nerve diameter, nerve-to-muscle T2 signal intensity ratio (nT2), contrast-enhanced ratio (CR), fractional anisotropy (FA), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were determined in both plexus, and tractographies were performed. The disease histories and the Inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS) questionnaire scores were documented before MRI scans.ResultsThe sizes of nerve roots were larger in CIDP (p &lt; 0.01). CR, nT2, and ADC were significantly higher, while FA was lower in CIDP than in controls (p &lt; 0.01). FA had the highest sensitivity (0.809) and area under the curve (AUC) (0.925), while the highest specificity was 0.961 for CR in single parameters. The combination of FA and CR has the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC in the LS plexus. CR only had a weak correlation with nT2 (p &lt; 0.05). ADC and diameter had a positive correlation with nT2, and the diameter and nT2 had a negative correlation with FA in CIDP (p &lt; 0.05). FA had a negative correlation with the duration in the CIDP (r’s = −0.404, p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the I-RODS scores and MR multiparameters (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionMultisequence MRN possesses a high diagnostic performance in the LS plexus. Sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) combined with DTI and contrast enhancement serves as a recommended composite protocol for CIDP.
Analysis of Immune-Related Signatures Related to CD4+ T Cell Infiltration With Gene Co-Expression Network in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tan Zhen , Lei Yubin , Zhang Bo , Shi Si , Liu Jiang , Yu Xianjun , Xu Jin , Liang Chen 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most invasive solid malignancies. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy confirmed an existing certain curative effect in treating PDAC. The aim of this study was to develop an immune-related molecular marker to enhance the ability to predict Stages III and IV PDAC patients.MethodIn this study, weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis and a deconvolution algorithm (CIBERSORT) that evaluated the cellular constituent of immune cells were used to evaluate PDAC expression data from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) datasets, and identify modules related to CD4+ T cells. LASSO Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curve were applied to select and build prognostic multi-gene signature in TCGA Stages III and IV PDAC patients (N = 126). This was followed by independent Stages III and IV validation of the gene signature in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC, N = 62) and the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC, N = 42) cohort. Inherited germline mutations and tumor immunity exploration were applied to elucidate the molecular mechanisms in PDAC. Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to verify the independent prognostic factors. Finally, a prognostic nomogram was created according to the TCGA-PDAC dataset.ResultsA four-gene signature comprising NAPSB, ZNF831, CXCL9 and PYHIN1 was established to predict overall survival of PDAC. This signature also robustly predicted survival in two independent validation cohorts. The four-gene signature could divide patients into high and low-risk groups with disparity overall survival verified by a Log-rank test. Expression of four genes positively correlated with immunosuppression activity (PD-L1 and PD1). Immune-related genes nomogram and corresponding calibration curves showed significant performance for predicting 3-year survival in TCGA-PDAC dataset.ConclusionWe constructed a novel four-gene signature to predict the prognosis of Stages III and IV PDAC patients by applying WGCNA and CIBERSORT algorithm scoring to transcriptome data different from traditional methods of filtrating for differential genes in cancer and healthy tissues. The findings may provide reference to predict survival and was beneficial to individualized management for advanced PDAC patients.
The Relationship Between Late Morbidity and Dose–Volume Parameter of Rectum in Combined Intracavitary/Interstitial Cervix Cancer Brachytherapy: A Mono-Institutional Experience
Authors: Zhang Ning , Liu Ying , Han Dongmei , Guo Xin , Mao Zhuang , Yang Wei , Cheng Guanghui 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo establish a dose volume–effect relationship for predicting late rectal complication (LRC) in locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy (IC/IS-BT).Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 110 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent definitive radiotherapy combined with IC/IS-BT from July 2010 to September 2018. We report the 90% of the target volume receiving the minimum dose for high risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV D90) and intermediate risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV D90), and the minimum doses to the most exposed 0.1, 1, and 2 cm³ D0.1cm3,D1cm3,D2cm3 doses at the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (DICRU) for organs at risk (OARs). The total dose of EBRT plus brachytherapy was transformed to the biologically equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) with α/β value of 10 Gy for target, 3 Gy for organs at risk using the linear quadratic model. The morbidity was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria. The Probit model was used to establish a prediction model on rectum between the organs at risk for dose and LRC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of dose volume parameters for LRC.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 72.3 months. The mean ( ± standard deviation) D2cm3,D1cm3,D0.1cm3, and DICRU values of rectum were 64.72 ± 7.47 GyEQD2, 70.18 ± 5.92 GyEQD2, 79.32 ± 7.86 GyEQD2, and 67.22 ± 7.87 GyEQD2, respectively. The Probit model showed significant relationships between D1cm3 or D0.1cm3, and the probability of grade1–4, grade 2–4 rectal events at 1 year, and between D1cm3and the probability of grade2–4 rectal events at 3 and 5 years. The dose values for 10% complication rates (ED10) of D1cm3were 74.18 (70.42–76.71) GyEQD2, 67.80 (59.91, 71.08) GyEQD2, 66.37 (52.00, 70.27) GyEQD2 for grade 2–4 with rectal morbidity at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively.ConclusionOur study proved that D1cm3 andD0.1cm3were considered as useful dosimetric parameters for predicting the risk of grade1–4 and grade2–4 LRC at 1-year, and D1cm3might be an indicator for predicting grade2-4 LRC at 3/5years. The patients with rectal D1cm3&gt;66.37–74.18 GyEQD2 should be closely observed for grade2–4 LRC.
Restoration of Proresolution Pathway with Exogenous Resolvin D1 Prevents Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Decline by Attenuating Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sun Qingmei , Yan Hongdan , Chen Falong , Jiang Fen , Chen Wenjuan , Li Dongliang , Guo Yongmin 
Published: July 2021

Sevoflurane (SEV), a commonly used volatile anesthetic, has been shown to cause cognitive decline in diabetic rats by aggregating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation could be a consequence of failure to resolve inflammation by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including resolvin D1 (RvD1). Here we first examined whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) alters RvD1 proresolution pathway. Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and non-diabetic Wistar rats received control or 2.6% SEV exposure for 4 h. Seven days after exposure, GK control rats, compared with Wistar control rats, had significantly lower RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and decreased RvD1 receptor FPR2 expression in the hippocampus. SEV increased RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and FPR2 expression in the hippocampus in Wistar rats but not in GK rats. We next examined whether RvD1 treatment of GK rats can prevent SEV-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. GK rats received control, SEV or SEV and once-daily treatment with exogenous RvD1 (0.2 ug/kg, ip) for 7 days. RvD1 administration markedly increased RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and FPR2 expression in the hippocampus in GK rats received SEV. Compared with GK control rats, GK rats received SEV exhibited shorter freezing times in trace fear conditioning task, which was accompanied by increased microglia activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus. RvD1 administration attenuated SEV-induced increases in microglia activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus, preventing cognitive decline in GK rats. Notably, neither SEV nor RvD1 altered metabolic parameters in GK rats. The results suggest that RvD1 proresolution pathway is impaired in the brain of diabetic GK rats. which may enhance the susceptibility to SEV, contributing to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Restoration of RvD1 proresolution pathway in diabetic GK rats with exogenous RvD1 can prevent SEV-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
Stomatitis sebagai Manifestasi Oral dari Anemia Defisiensi Zat Besi disertai Trombositosis
Authors: Mersil Sarah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Studies in Indonesia stated that the main cause of nutritional anemia in adolescents is due to lack of iron intake, which is called iron deficiency anemia. One of its oral manifestations is stomatitis. Thrombocytosis is also found in iron deficiency anemia. We reported a case of a 22-year-old female patient with complaints of stomatitis and further examination showed the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytosis. The patient was instructed to maintain good diet containing meat, vitamin C-rich vegetables and fruits, have good sleep pattern, take care of her oral health, and not to force herself to overwork. Triamcinolone acetonide in ora base 0.1% was applied on the lesion by using cotton bud after meal and before bedtime until the lesion disappeared or became painless. The patient was referred to an internist for further examination. After two weeks, the lesion had disappeared, and there was no new lesion. However, the patient had not checked to the internist, therefore, ferrous gluconate 250 mg twice daily was given to her for 30 days. In conclusion, the patient was diagnosed as stomatitis aphthosa as an oral manifestation of iron deficiency anemia associated with secondary thrombocytosis.Keywords: stomatitis, iron deficiency anemia, thrombocytosis Abstrak: Penelitian di Indonesia menyatakan bahwa penyebab utama terjadinya anemia gizi pada remaja ialah kurangnya asupan zat besi, yang disebut anemia defisiensi zat besi. Salah satu manifestasi oralnya ialah stomatitis. Kondisi trombositosis juga ditemukan pada anemia defisiensi zat besi. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang perempuan berusia 22 tahun dengan keluhan stomatitis dan hasil pemeriksaan penunjang menunjukkan anemia defisiensi zat besi dan trombositosis. Pasien diinstruksikan untuk menjaga pola makan yang baik dengan mengonsumsi daging serta buah dan sayuran mengandung vitamin C, tidur serta istirahat yang cukup, tidak memaksakan diri secara berlebihan, serta menjaga kebersihan mulut. Diberikan obat oles yaitu triamcinolone acetonide in orabase 0,1% untuk dioles pada lesi menggunakan cotton bud sehabis makan dan sebelum tidur sampai lesi sembuh atau tidak sakit lagi. Pasien dirujuk ke spesialis penyakit dalam untuk tindak lanjut dari kondisi sistemiknya. Kontrol setelah dua minggu sariawan sudah hilang, tidak muncul sariawan baru. Pasien belum ke dokter spesialis penyakit dalam untuk memeriksa kondisi anemia yang dideritanya. Oleh karena itu diberikan ferrous gluconate 250 mg dua kali sehari selama 30 hari. Simpulan kasus ini ialah suatu stomatitis sebagai salah satu manifestasi oral pada anemia defisiensi besi yang disertai trombositosis sekunder.Kata kunci: stomatitis, anemia defisiensi zat besi, trombositosis
Lei Geral De Proteção De Dados (Lei Nº 13.709/2018) e Terceiro Setor: Principais Desafios E Alternativas Rumo À Adequação
Authors: Rolim Maria da Conceição Lima Melo , Gibran Sandro Mansur 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo do estudo: O objetivo do presente estudo é discorrer sobre a temática da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (Lei nº 13.709/2019) e discutir sobre sua aplicabilidade e efeitos no âmbito do Terceiro Setor. Metodologia/abordagem: O método de pesquisa escolhido foi a análise bibliográfica do tema através de pesquisa por intermédio de livros, legislação e do Google Acadêmico, com a seleção de publicações como artigos e revistas da área. Originalidade/relevância: A discussão se insere dentro da matéria dos Direitos Fundamentais e Direito Civil, especificamente, dos Direitos da Personalidade. A relevância acadêmica está na novidade da LGPD no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Principais resultados: Como resultado, foi possível concluir pelo papel fundamental que boas práticas de governança podem exercer na formação de uma cultura de proteção de dados pessoais nessas organizações. Contribuição teórica/metodológica. A pesquisa identificou os principais impactos que a nova sistemática de proteção à privacidade e de dados pessoais exercerá em relação às entidades do Terceiro Setor.
On the Future of Fission and Solar Energy
Authors: Knapp Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

Our attitudes towards the risks of climate change must be reconsidered. We must recognise that the consequences will be huge and inevitable if we do not act now. Better to accept a few false alarms rather than be unprepared for a climate catastrophe. An outstanding example is the calculation by groups from Germany and the UK in 2009 (1) of the allowable emissions of CO2 before a 2°C increase in global temperature is exceeded. This leaves very little time, only 4 to 8 years, for mitigation measures.
Nuclear fission now presents a formidable fleet of some 450 reactors benefitting from over 50 years of operational experience. Throughout decades of development, they reached outstanding safety standards, exceeding those of most renewable sources. However, the threat of climate change is calling this perspective into question as nuclear technology requires long-term stability of institutions. The future of nuclear fission will be determined after the expiration of the next decade with the development of hydro, solar and wind energy as replacements. For Croatia, in view of future climate insecurity, we cannot recommend the construction of a nuclear power plant built to operate from 2043 to 2083 (2) as a replacement for the outgoing NE Krško plant. Instead, we should intensify the development of our renewable resources.
mirkwood: Fast and Accurate SED Modeling Using Machine Learning
Authors: Gilda Sankalp , Lower Sidney , Narayanan Desika 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraditional spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes used to derive galaxy physical properties are often uncertain at the factor of a few level owing to uncertainties in galaxy star formation histories and dust attenuation curves. Beyond this, Bayesian fitting (which is typically used in SED fitting software) is an intrinsically compute-intensive task, often requiring access to expensive hardware for long periods of time. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developedmirkwood: a user-friendly tool comprising an ensemble of supervised machine-learning-based models capable of nonlinearly mapping galaxy fluxes to their properties. By stacking multiple models, we marginalize against any individual model’s poor performance in a given region of the parameter space. We demonstratemirkwood's significantly improved performance over traditional techniques by training it on a combined data set of mock photometry ofz= 0 galaxies from theSimba,Eagle,andIllustrisTNGcosmological simulations, and comparing the derived results with those obtained from traditional SED fitting techniques.mirkwoodis also able to account for uncertainties arising both from intrinsic noise in observations, and from finite training data and incorrect modeling assumptions. To increase the added value to the observational community, we use Shapley value explanations to fairly evaluate the relative importance of different bands to understand why particular predictions were reached. We envisagemirkwoodto be an evolving, open-source framework that will provide highly accurate physical properties from observations of galaxies as compared to traditional SED fitting.
The Post-impact Evolution of the X-Ray-emitting Gas in SNR 1987A as Viewed by XMM-Newton
Authors: Sun Lei , Vink Jacco , Chen Yang , Zhou Ping , Prokhorov Dmitry , Pühlhofer Gerd , Malyshev Denys 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since 1996 the blast wave driven by SN 1987A has been interacting with the dense circumstellar material, which provides us with a unique opportunity to study the early evolution of a newborn supernova remnant (SNR). Based on the XMM-Newton RGS and EPIC-pn X-ray observations from 2007 to 2019, we investigated the post-impact evolution of the X-ray-emitting gas in SNR 1987A. The hot plasma is represented by two nonequilibrium ionization components with temperatures of ∼0.6 keV and ∼2.5 keV. The low-temperature plasma has a density ∼2400 cm−3, which is likely dominated by the lower-density gas inside the equatorial ring (ER). The high-temperature plasma with a density ∼550 cm−3 could be dominated by the H ii region and the high-latitude material beyond the ring. In the last few years, the emission measure of the low-temperature plasma has been decreasing, indicating that the blast wave has left the main ER. But the blast wave is still propagating into the high-latitude gas, resulting in the steady increase of the high-temperature emission measure. Meanwhile, the average abundances of N, O, Ne, and Mg are found to be declining, which may reflect the different chemical compositions between the two plasma components. We also detected Fe K lines in most of the observations, showing increasing flux and centroid energy. We interpret the Fe K lines as originating from a third hot component, which may come from the reflected shock heated gas or originate from Fe-rich ejecta clumps shocked by the reverse shock.
The Effect of Stream Interaction Regions on ICME Structures Observed in Longitudinal Conjunction
Authors: Winslow Reka M. , Scolini Camilla , Lugaz Noé , Galvin Antoinette B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) observed at Mercury and at 1 au by spacecraft in longitudinal conjunction, investigating the question: what causes the drastic alterations observed in some ICMEs during propagation, while other ICMEs remain relatively unchanged? Of the two ICMEs, the first one propagated relatively self-similarly, while the second one underwent significant changes in its properties. We focus on the presence or absence of large-scale corotating structures in the ICME propagation space between Mercury and 1 au, which have been shown to influence the orientation of ICME magnetic structures and the properties of ICME sheaths. We determine the flux rope orientation at the two locations using force-free flux rope fits as well as the classification by Nieves-Chinchilla et al. We also use measurements of plasma properties at 1 au, the size evolution of the sheaths and magnetic ejecta with heliocentric distance, and identification of structures in the propagation space based on in situ data, remote-sensing observations, and simulations of the steady-state solar wind to complement our analysis. Results indicate that the changes observed in one ICME were likely caused by a stream interaction region, while the ICME exhibiting little change did not interact with any transients between Mercury and 1 au. This work provides an example of how interactions with corotating structures in the solar wind can induce fundamental changes in ICMEs. Our findings can help lay the foundation for improved predictions of ICME properties at 1 au.