bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise Timing and Phase-resolved Spectroscopy of the Young Pulsar J1617–5055 with NuSTAR
Authors: Hare Jeremy , Volkov Igor , Pavlov George G. , Kargaltsev Oleg , Johnston Simon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report on a Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the young, energetic pulsar PSR J1617–5055. Parkes Observatory 3 GHz radio observations of the pulsar (taken about 7 yr before the NuSTAR observations) are also reported here. NuSTAR detected pulsations at a frequency of f ≈ 14.4 Hz (P ≈ 69.44 ms) and, in addition, the observation was long enough to measure the source’s frequency derivative,

f

̇

≈
−
2.8
×

10

−
11

Hz s−1. We find that the pulsar shows one peak per period at both hard X-ray and radio wavelengths, but that the hard X-ray pulse is broader (having a duty cycle of ∼0.7), than the radio pulse (having a duty cycle of ∼0.08). Additionally, the radio pulse is strongly linearly polarized. J1617's phase-integrated hard X-ray spectrum is well fit by an absorbed power-law model, with a photon index Γ = 1.59 ± 0.02. The hard X-ray pulsations are well described by three Fourier harmonics, and have a pulsed fraction that increases with energy. We also fit the phase-resolved NuSTAR spectra with an absorbed power-law model in five phase bins and find that the photon index varies with phase from Γ = 1.52 ± 0.03 at phases around the flux maximum to Γ = 1.79 ± 0.06 around the flux minimum. Last, we compare our results with other pulsars whose magnetospheric emission is detected at hard X-ray energies and find that, similar to previous studies, J1617's hard X-ray properties are more similar to the MeV pulsars than the GeV pulsars.
Central X-Ray Point Sources Found to Be Abundant in Low-mass, Late-type Galaxies Predicted to Contain an Intermediate-mass Black Hole
Authors: Graham Alister W. , Soria Roberto , Davis Benjamin L. , Kolehmainen Mari , Maccarone Thomas , Miller-Jones James , Motch Christian , Swartz Douglas A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Building upon three late-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster with both a predicted black hole mass of less than ∼105
M
⊙ and a centrally located X-ray point source, we reveal 11 more such galaxies, more than tripling the number of active intermediate-mass black hole candidates among this population. Moreover, this amounts to a ∼36 ± 8% X-ray detection rate (despite the sometimes high, X-ray-absorbing, H i column densities), compared to just 10 ± 5% for (the largely H i-free) dwarf early-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster. The expected contribution of X-ray binaries from the galaxies’ inner field stars is negligible. Moreover, given that both the spiral and dwarf galaxies contain nuclear star clusters, the above inequality appears to disfavor X-ray binaries in nuclear star clusters. The higher occupation, or rather detection, fraction among the spiral galaxies may instead reflect an enhanced cool gas/fuel supply and Eddington ratio. Indeed, four of the 11 new X-ray detections are associated with known LINERs or LINER/H ii composites. For all (four) of the new detections for which the X-ray flux was strong enough to establish the spectral energy distribution in the Chandra band, it is consistent with power-law spectra. Furthermore, the X-ray emission from the source with the highest flux (NGC 4197: L

X
≈ 1040 erg s−1) suggests a non-stellar-mass black hole if the X-ray spectrum corresponds to the “low/hard state”. Follow-up observations to further probe the black hole masses, and prospects for spatially resolving the gravitational spheres of influence around intermediate-mass black holes, are reviewed in some detail.
Bovine Serum as an Alternative to Control Serum for Total Protein Levels
Authors: Supriyanta Bambang , Martsiningsih Martha Atik , Soenjono Steven , Andreansyah Audrey Amy , Setiawan Budi 
Published: December 2021

Total protein describes the liver's ability to synthesize proteins and metabolize substances in the blood. Bovine serum can be used as a control material because the total protein analyte in bovine blood serum is almost identical to the analyte in human serum. The researchers intend to determine the homogeneity and stability of bovine serum with the addition of 7,5% ethylene glycol preservative after being stored for 12 weeks at -20°C as an alternative to control serum for total protein levels. This research used survey analytics using a one-group pretest-posttest research design. Data analysis used ISO 13528 2005 calculations. From the examination of the total protein level in the serum, the value of Xr – Yr = 0.23817, which is where the value meets the test criteria according to | Xr - Yr | <0.36, that is 0.23817 <0.91585. The total protein content of bovine serum was homogeneous and stable with the addition of 7.5% ethylene glycol stored at -20oC for 12 weeks.
Quelle(s) famille(s) pour l’enfant (dé)placé ?
Authors: Coum Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Lorsqu’un enfant est déplacé de sa famille à une autre, un sentiment de déloyauté à l’égard de ses parents se développe chez lui en même temps que naissent chez l’assistante familiale un fantasme de rapt et, chez les parents, un vécu d’effraction. S’ensuivent autant de troubles contrariant l’efficacité de la mesure : agressivité des parents, hostilité de l’enfant et sentiment de culpabilité de l’assistante familiale, etc. Est-ce là une fatalité intrinsèque au dispositif « placement familial » et à la nature de la famille ? L’auteur essaie de montrer qu’il s’agit en fait de conséquences néfastes des représentations que nous avons sur ce que nous croyons devoir être une famille et des parents pour un enfant. Il montre également, exemple à l’appui, qu’une évolution de nos conceptions de la famille, donc de notre conception du placement familial, peut permettre d’atténuer ces manifestations, dans l’intérêt de l’enfant.
Soyez créatifs ! Esthétisation et créativité à l’âge du capitalisme esthétique
Authors: Reckwitz Andreas , Windels Loïc 
Published: December 2021

À rebours de la thèse sur la modernité comme une époque où la rationalisation aurait pris le dessus sur la dimension esthétique et affective, Reckwitz repère les différentes étapes de la construction d’un capitalisme esthétique, où l’inventivité revêt désormais un rôle crucial. Tandis que la créativité était brandie par les avant-gardes artistiques du xix e et du xx e siècle comme un idéal permettant de subvertir les normes sociales, la créativité représente aujourd’hui elle-même une norme incontournable. « Soyez créatifs » : cette injonction paradoxale s’applique désormais à tous les sujets du capitalisme tardif. Extrait de sa grande étude sur L’Invention de la créativité , ce chapitre replace l’enjeu de l’esthétisation au cœur de ce que Reckwitz nomme le « dispositif de la créativité ».
Cimetières et fantômes
Authors: Sangsue Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Cet article étudie la façon dont la littérature du xix e siècle représente les fantômes dans les cimetières, à travers un corpus qui touche plusieurs genres, parcourt le siècle et ne se limite pas à la France. Ce corpus montre que l’imaginaire des revenants profite des nouvelles conceptions du cimetière et de la mort qui voient alors le jour et donnent lieu à des pratiques culturelles comme le culte des défunts, la visite au cimetière et une certaine sociabilité posthume. On examine aussi comment cet imaginaire est stimulé par le spiritisme, alimenté par des croyances plus anciennes telles que le psychopannychisme et le purgatoire, ainsi que par la littérature des graveyard poets du xviii e siècle.
Le cimetière du XIX e siècle revisité par l’archéologie funéraire. Entretien avec Patrice Courtaud et Anne Richier, propos recueillis par Emmanuel Fureix
Authors: Courtaud Patrice , Richier Anne 
Published: December 2021

Notre connaissance des cimetières du xix e siècle privilégie les nécropoles prestigieuses aux dépens des cimetières les plus modestes, des sépultures des classes populaires, destinées à disparaître du paysage funéraire. L’archéologie permet d’approcher cet envers funéraire du xix e siècle. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, des progrès fulgurants ont été rendus possibles par des chantiers de fouilles de cimetières oubliés, effacés, ou sans qualités. L’entretien donne la parole à deux archéologues, Anne Richier et Patrice Courtaud, acteurs de deux chantiers majeurs de fouilles de cimetières du xix e siècle : un cimetière d’esclaves en Guadeloupe et un cimetière aux marges de la ville de Marseille, le cimetière des Crottes, en usage pendant tout le xix e siècle avant sa fermeture en 1905. Ces deux nécropoles interrogent également le rapport du xix e siècle aux normes funéraires et le processus d’effacement des cimetières non patrimonialisés.
Essai autour de la temporalité fragmentaire du « Petit Bossu » de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Sferco Senda 
Published: December 2021

Ce texte présente un parcours libre de la question du temps d’après la perspective benjaminienne, afin de récupérer la puissance philosophique qui émerge de son traitement fragmentaire de la temporalité. En effet, face aux grandes conceptualisations modernes de l’histoire et de la mémoire, W. Benjamin propose des figures attentives à repérer l’importance de faire expérience de la discontinuité. La figure du « Petit Bossu », sera une porte d’entrée dans l’espace-temps de l’enfance et dans les remparts d’une mémoire chargée d’oublis, qui donc ne se révèle à nous au présent que « par moitiés ».
Feasibility of Conducting a Virtual Exit Exam in Neurosurgery During the SARS-COV19 Pandemic
Authors: Salunke Pravin , Sahoo Sushanta Kumar , Chacko Ari G , Baishya Basant K , Tripathi Manjul , Chabbra Rajesh , Karthigeyan Madhivanan , Aggarwal Ashish , Singh Apinderpreet , Gupta Sunil Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Skills assessment forms an integral part of the exit examination in neurosurgical training programs. The established method of evaluating trainees for their clinical knowledge and surgical proficiency in the operating room is not feasible in the current time of SARS-COV19 pandemic.

Objective:
The feasibility of conducting such an assessment using case modules on an online meeting platform is discussed.

Methods:
Six candidates were evaluated on two consecutive days with two internal examiners located at the examination site and two external examiners situated at their own institutions elsewhere in the country. Clinical details, including images and videos of patients managed at our institute were recorded and provided to the candidates as case modules. Four sessions were conducted in the form of long and short cases, operative neurosurgery, neuroradiology, and neuropathology and a general viva-voce using “Zoom” (Zoom-Video-Communications, Inc. USA) platform. Feedback from the examinee and the examiners were obtained for any modification in the current format.

Result:
The online platform worked well without any interruption except for slight lag in the audio-visual system and occasional difficulty in using microphone and screen simultaneously. Trainees were able to interpret the clinical details and rated this format close to actual clinical evaluation. The examiners uniformly agreed that the online format for assessment was satisfactory and made some suggestions for improvement.

Conclusion:
Clinical and surgical skill evaluation is feasible using case modules and online meeting platforms. Use of original patient's data, images, videos demonstrating clinical signs, and operative procedures makes this assessment more objective.
Hypodensities within Hematoma is Time-Dependent and Predicts Outcome after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Vedartham Veena , Kesav Praveen , Maniangatt Sinchu , Nagesh Chinmay , Sreedharan Sapna Erat , Jayadevan ER , Sarma Sankara , Sylaja PN 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Non-contrast CT (NCCT) brain imaging biomarkers of hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has gained relevance in recent times. Though intra-hematoma hypodensities (IHH) can predict hematoma expansion and outcome, it is postulated to be time-dependent.

Aim:
To assess the differential prevalence of IHH in spontaneous ICH over time and assess its predictive valve in early hematoma expansion and functional outcome at 3 months.

Material and Methods:
Patients with ICH within 48 h of stroke onset were included. Baseline clinical and demographic data were collected. Baseline NCCT brain was analyzed for hematoma volume, characterization of IHH, with 24-hours follow-up NCCT hematoma volume calculated for identification of hematoma expansion. Poor functional outcome was defined as mRS ≥3.

Results:
Around 92 subjects were included in the study. IHH was found in 40%. Prevalence of IHH was higher in those with baseline NCCT performed within 3 h of symptom onset compared to those beyond 3 h (71% vs 29%, P = 0.002). The hematoma expansion was more common in patients with IHH compared to those without (54% vs 29%; P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of IHH (rather than pattern or number) to be strongly associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months (OR 3.86; 95% CI: 1.11–13.42, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
There is a decreasing prevalence of IHH as the time from symptom onset to NCCT increases. Nevertheless, its presence is significantly associated with hematoma expansion and predicted poor short-term functional outcomes in spontaneous ICH.
Fear of Falling
Authors: Albay Vasfiye Burcu , Tutuncu Mesude 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Fear of falling (FOF) is a serious problem in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) which increases mortality and affects Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of FOF on HRQoL in IPD.

Methods:
84 controls and 87 IPD patients were compared by means of Fall Efficacy Scale (FES), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale), Impact Of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Parkinson Disease Specific Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39). Then, patients were divided into two subgroups such as patients with FOF (Group 2a) and patients without FOF (Group 2b) by FES. Groups were compared in terms of BBS, ABC Scale, IES-R, BDI, BAI, PDQ-39. Independent factors affecting HRQoL were measured.

Results:
FOF was higher in IPD patients than controls. Female sex, previous falls, off periods, hallucinations, urge incontinence were significantly higher in Group 2a. However, RBD, dyskinesia, daytime somnolence and FOG were not different in IPD patients whether they have FOF or not. FOF was mostly correlated to disability level and disease severity. In addition, UPDRS and FOF were found to be independent factors affecting HRQoL in IPD.

Conclusions:
Clinicians should be aware that FOF can be detected in IPD patients, who are female, depressed or anxious, who had more severe disease with off periods, urge incontinence, hallucinations and previous falls. FOF should be questioned in every IPD patients because it is an independent factor which affects HRQoL of IPD patients.
Hydrocephalus
Authors: Tandon Prakash N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This is a personal account of evolution of knowledge about the etio-pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of over three decades as a student and later a professional neurosurgeon. This reflects an historical perspective on the subject not withstanding the tremendous advances that have taken place in the field. It is regrettable that a successful management of hydrocephalus leave aside its cure, still eludes us.
The Leftover Shunts - Ventriculosubgaleal, and Ventriculocholecystal Shunts
Authors: Chatterjee Sandip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The two shunts that are performed much less and are included here for completeness are the ventriculosubgaleal shunt and the ventriculocholecystal shunt. The ventriculosubgaleal shunt is an established treatment of hydrocephalus following germinal matrix hemorrhage in low-birth-weight neonates. It is also used in the treatment of post-infective hydrocephalus in children. In our institution protocol, we have used this shunt in a wide variety of indications, especially in children below six months of age. Ventriculocholecystal shunts are very much a salvage shunts when all else fails.
A Brief Review of Ventriculoatrial and Ventriculopleural Shunts
Authors: Yerragunta Thirumal , Manda Vijaya Sekhar , Yerramneni Vamshi Krishna , Kanala Ram Nath Reddy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Alternate approaches such as ventriculoatrial (VA) or ventriculopleural (VPL) procedures still have a place in the surgical armamentarium for patients with recurrent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt failures related to defective absorption, infections, or frequent malfunctions.

Methods:
We reviewed the literature and our experience with these techniques, and offered suggestions for safely performing these operations. Historical perspectives were also included to facilitate an improved understanding of the technical developments.

Results:
Our findings and the available medical literature suggest VA and VPL options are safe and effective alternatives for managing the complex patient with hydrocephalus. Potential issues and complications were discussed along the technical advances for a safer operation.

Conclusion:
The VA and VPL options should be considered for patients with recurrent VP shunt issues. They are safe and effective options for managing complex hydrocephalus patients.
Management of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
Authors: Nayak Naren , Sankhla Suresh K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Although there are several successful treatment options available today, the optimal management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) still remains undetermined.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of contemporary treatment methods and to define current evidence-based management for PHH in premature infants.

Material and Methods:
Literature was reviewed to identify and analyze merits and demerits of the currently available temporizing measures and definitive treatment for premature low-birth weight babies with PHH.

Results and Conclusions:
Advances in treatment and increased experience have led to redefinition of treatment goals to optimize cognitive neurodevelopment, and quality of life in these premature infants with PHH. Current literature favors early diagnosis and intervention using temporizing measures, and prevention of future complications of PHH with a permanent CSF diversion method such as ventricular shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
Cervico Medullary Junction “Intramedullary Schwannoma” Masquerading As Glioma
Authors: Dandpat Saswat K , Tripathi Manjul , Kaur Gurwinder , Radotra Bishan D , Joshi Amit , Mohindra Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Intramedullary schwannomas (IS) at cervicomedullary junction (CMJ) are exceedingly uncommon. There is hardly any clinicoradiological marker for preoperative diagnosis and prognostication.

Case:
We report a case of a 17-year-old boy with progressive spastic quadriparesis of six months duration. On radiology, there was a contrast-enhancing lesion expanding the cord extending from the medulla to C5 level. During surgery, the cord was expanded and the tumor was eccentric. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of schwannoma. In view of the ill-defined plane of separation from the normal neural tissue, only subtotal resection could be achieved.

Conclusion:
Schwannoma should be considered as a remote differential of intramedullary lesions. The extent of resection should be tailored according to the plane of dissection and intraoperative neuromonitoring guidance. Though a masquerader, schwannoma carries better prognosis than rest of the pathologies.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Presenting as a Ring-Enhancing Lesion on MR imaging
Authors: Wang Zhongkui , Chen Yuping , Tang Ke , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare form of venous thromboembolism. The presentation of symptoms is highly variable in this disease. The findings on MRI vary depending on the age of the thrombus within the vessel. We report a 53-year-old male patient with CVT who presented with a sudden-onset grand mal seizure and limb paralysis. Primary MRI presented long T1 long T2 signals, persistent high signals on DWI and ADC maps in the cortex of right frontal lobe. Contrast-enhanced MR detected a lesion with ring-like enhancement in right frontal lobe. His symptoms were significantly improved with anticoagulant therapy of Warfarin. Our findings represent the description of abnormal MRI contrast enhancing tumor-like masses. CVT should be added to the differential diagnosis of supratentorial ring-enhancing lesions.
The Effect of the Activation of the Core Muscles on Tremor in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Usta Ayşegül , Salcı1 Yeliz , Yildiz Fatma Gökcem , Çakmaklı Gül Yalçın , Armutlu Kadriye 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Trunk stabilization is important in providing postural control and extremity movements, and is maintained by the muscles called “core”.

Objective:
The aim of this report was to demonstrate the effect of core muscles contraction on upper extremity tremor.

Materials and Methods:
A 22-year-old Multiple Sclerosis patient with right extremity ataxia was included in this report. Scale of Assessment and Rating Ataxia (SARA), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Accelerometric Tremorogram and Purdue Peg Board Test (PPBT) were performed. Assessments were made with and without the core muscles contraction.

Results:
The total score of SARA decreased from 16 to 14 due to the reduction of dysmetria and tremor scores. Tremor amplitude decreased with contraction in tremorogram. At the 1st position, the tremor amplitude changed from -14.6 before the contraction to -18.3 after the contraction. At position 2, 6 Hz tremor was disappeared with contraction. In the PPBT, ataxic extremity performance increased from 5 to 7.

Conclusion:
Contraction of core muscles reduced postural tremor and improved upper extremity performance. It should be considered planning the training program of ataxic MS patients.
High Prevalence and Low Awareness of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Suburban Community in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Juan , Zhao Xiaohui , Sui Haijing , Liu Xueyuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), herein China, was without involving the suburban communities, where the awareness of MCI still remains extremely weak.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of MCI in the Chinese residents aged ≥65 in the suburban communities of Shanghai, China, and study the awareness of MCI in terms of its symptom, prevention, and intervention.

Methods:
A total of 925 suburban community residents aged ≥65 were evaluated with a series of clinical examinations and scale questionnaire, and 600 participated in a five-dimension questionnaire survey pertaining to the awareness of MCI.

Results:
The prevalence of MCI was up to 29.8% and of dementia was 11.1%, respectively. A difference was observed among the three groups of dementia, MCI, and normal in each dimension of age, gender, education, being widowed, and living with the next generation (P < 0.05). The degree of cognitive impairment was linearly correlated with age (P < 0.001). The prevalence of MCI was higher in the females (P < 0.001), in the group of low educational level (P < 0.001), in the widowed residents (P < 0.01), and in those who did not live with their next generations (P < 0.01). The family's concern for MCI symptoms in the elderly accounted for 60%; the awareness rate of MCI symptoms, 25.5%; the awareness rate of MCI prevention, 15.5%; and the rate of taking MCI seniors to the doctor, 32%.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of MCI in the suburban communities of Shanghai was high but the awareness of MCI was low.