bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comsolic solution of an elliptic cylindrical compressible fluid flow
Authors: Hussain Azad , Hassan Ali , Mdallal Qasem Al , Ahmad Hijaz , Sherif El-Sayed M. , Rehman Aysha , Arshad Mubashar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, the primary focus is to investigate the heat transfer effects with viscous compressible laminar flow in the permeable elliptic cylinder. The Reynolds number is kept 100 for flow to be laminar. The physics of heat transfer is selected to be coupled with the laminar flow. The results for particular step-size time for Velocity distribution, pressure profile, temperature profile, isothermal temperature contours, and drag coefficient have been analyzed. Mesh has been generated through COMSOL, mesh entities have been elaborated statistically. The maximum and minimum velocity profile is observed at the elliptical cylinder’s walls and upper, lower boundary respectively. The maximum velocity observed is 2.22 m/s. Pressure profile around elliptic corners is found maximum, distinct patterns are observed even under the influence of applied heat. Temperature is observed maximum at walls but it gradually increases as moving from the upper boundary towards the lower boundary. The isothermal contour patterns are observed maximum near the walls, drag coefficient of gradual decrease is observed. COMSOL multi-physics is utilized for mathematical modeling of problems and the Backward-Differentiation-Formula has been exploited to handle problems numerically. The results will help greatly to understand the characterizations of viscous fluids and in industries like air furnaces and automobile cooling systems.
Simultaneous analysis of urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, N′-nitrosonornicotine, and cotinine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry
Authors: Nikam Sampada S. , Gurjar Murari , Singhavi Hitesh , Patil Anand , Singh Arjun , Villalta Peter , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Khariwala Samir S. , Gota Vikram , Stepanov Irina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiomarkers of exposure to harmful tobacco constituents are key tools for identifying individuals at risk and developing interventions and tobacco control measures. However, tobacco biomarker studies are scarce in many parts of the world with high prevalence of tobacco use. Our goal was to establish a robust method for simultaneous analysis of urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and cotinine at the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) in Mumbai, India. These biomarkers are validated measures of exposure to the carcinogenic tobacco nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and NNN and the addictive alkaloid nicotine, respectively. The established method is characterized by excellent accuracy, linearity, and precision, and was successfully applied to the analysis of 15 smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and 15 non-users of tobacco recruited in Mumbai. This is the first report of establishment of such procedure in a laboratory in India, which offers the first in-country capacity for research on tobacco carcinogenesis in Indian SLT users.
Social media and deep learning capture the aesthetic quality of the landscape
Authors: Havinga Ilan , Marcos Diego , Bogaart Patrick W. , Hein Lars , Tuia Devis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeoples’ recreation and well-being are closely related to their aesthetic enjoyment of the landscape. Ecosystem service (ES) assessments record the aesthetic contributions of landscapes to peoples’ well-being in support of sustainable policy goals. However, the survey methods available to measure these contributions restrict modelling at large scales. As a result, most studies rely on environmental indicator models but these do not incorporate peoples’ actual use of the landscape. Now, social media has emerged as a rich new source of information to understand human-nature interactions while advances in deep learning have enabled large-scale analysis of the imagery uploaded to these platforms. In this study, we test the accuracy of Flickr and deep learning-based models of landscape quality using a crowdsourced survey in Great Britain. We find that this novel modelling approach generates a strong and comparable level of accuracy versus an indicator model and, in combination, captures additional aesthetic information. At the same time, social media provides a direct measure of individuals’ aesthetic enjoyment, a point of view inaccessible to indicator models, as well as a greater independence of the scale of measurement and insights into how peoples’ appreciation of the landscape changes over time. Our results show how social media and deep learning can support significant advances in modelling the aesthetic contributions of ecosystems for ES assessments.
Design of a system for controlling a levitating sphere in superfluid 3He at extremely low temperatures
Authors: Arrayás Manuel , Trueba José L. , Uriarte Carlos , Zmeev Dmitry E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a new mechanical probe to study the properties of superfluid 3He at microkelvin temperatures down to 100 μK. The setup consists of a set of coils for levitating a superconducting sphere and controlling its motion in a wide variety of regimes. In particular, the realisation of motion of a levitating body at a uniform velocity presents both an experimental challenge and a promising direction into the study of the edge states in topological superfluid 3He-B. We include the theoretical study of the device stability and simulations to illustrate the capabilities of the control system.
GAS5 rs2067079 and miR-137 rs1625579 functional SNPs and risk of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian patients
Authors: Mahmoud Rania H. , Hefzy Enas Mamdouh , Shaker Olfat G. , Ahmed Tarek I. , Abdelghaffar Noha K. , Hassan Essam A. , Ibrahim Amal A. , Ali Doaa Y. , Mohamed Mohamed M. , Abdelaleem Omayma O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant health issue worldwide.. We attempted to fulfill the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic and genetic factors associated with chronic HBV (CHBV). Expression levels of the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) and miR-137 and their corresponding SNPs, rs2067079 (C/T) and rs1625579 (G/T) were analyzed in 117 CHBV patients and 120 controls to investigate the probable association between these biomarkers and CHBV pathogenesis in the Egyptian population. Serum expression levels of GAS5 and miR-137 were significantly down-regulated in cases vs controls. Regarding GAS5 (rs2067079), the mutant TT genotype showed an increased risk of CHBV (p < 0.001), while the dominant CC was a protective factor (p = 0.004). Regarding miR-137 rs1625579, the mutant genotype TT was reported as a risk factor for CHBV (p < 0.001) and the normal GG genotype was a protective factor, p < 0.001. The serum GAS5 was significantly higher in the mutant TT genotype of GAS5 SNP as compared to the other genotypes (p = 0.007). Concerning miR-137 rs1625579, the mutant TT genotype was significantly associated with a lower serum expression level of miR-137 (p = 0.018). We revealed the dysregulated expression levels of GAS5 and miR-137 linked to their functioning SNPs were associated with CHBV risk and might act as potential therapeutic targets.
Concordance analysis of microsatellite instability status between polymerase chain reaction based testing and next generation sequencing for solid tumors
Authors: Shimozaki Keitaro , Hayashi Hideyuki , Tanishima Shigeki , Horie Sara , Chida Akihiko , Tsugaru Kai , Togasaki Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Kenta , Aimono Eriko , Hirata Kenro , Nishihara Hiroshi , Kanai Takanori , Hamamoto Yasuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVarious malignancies exhibit high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR). The MSI-IVD kit, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method, was the first tumor-agnostic companion diagnostic to detect MSI status in MSI-H solid tumors. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS), which can also detect MSI-H/dMMR, has been made clinically available; however, its real-world concordance with PCR-based testing of MSI-H/dMMR remains to be investigated. The co-primary end points included the positive and negative predictive values of MSI-H/dMMR. A retrospective analysis of 80 patients who had undergone both MSI testing and NGS between July 2015 and March 2021 was conducted. Five patients were confirmed to have MSI-H in both examinations. Among the 75 patients diagnosed as microsatellite stable (MSS) by PCR-based testing, one with pancreatic cancer was diagnosed as having MSI-H after NGS. One patient with pancreatic cancer was diagnosed as having MSS in both tests was found to have a mutation in MLH1 by NGS, which was confirmed as dMMR by IHC staining. NGS had positive and negative predictive values of 100% (5/5) and 98.7% (74/75), respectively, for MSI-H. The concordance between NGS and PCR-based testing was 98.8% (79/80). Thus, NGS can be useful for evaluating MSI/MMR status in clinical practice and can be an important alternative method for detecting MSI-H/dMMR in the future.
Resonant scanning design and control for fast spatial sampling
Authors: Sun Zhanghao , Quan Ronald , Solgaard Olav 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional, resonant scanners have been utilized in a large variety of imaging modules due to their compact form, low power consumption, large angular range, and high speed. However, resonant scanners have problems with non-optimal and inflexible scanning patterns and inherent phase uncertainty, which limit practical applications. Here we propose methods for optimized design and control of the scanning trajectory of two-dimensional resonant scanners under various physical constraints, including high frame-rate and limited actuation amplitude. First, we propose an analytical design rule for uniform spatial sampling. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that by expanding the design space, the proposed designs outperform previous designs in terms of scanning range and fill factor. Second, we show that we can create flexible scanning patterns that allow focusing on user-defined Regions-of-Interest (RoI) by modulation of the scanning parameters. The scanning parameters are found by an optimization algorithm. In simulations, we demonstrate the benefits of these designs with standard metrics and higher-level computer vision tasks (LiDAR odometry and 3D object detection). Finally, we experimentally implement and verify both unmodulated and modulated scanning modes using a two-dimensional, resonant MEMS scanner. Central to the implementations is high bandwidth monitoring of the phase of the angular scans in both dimensions. This task is carried out with a position-sensitive photodetector combined with high-bandwidth electronics, enabling fast spatial sampling at $$\sim 100$$

∼
100

Hz frame-rate.
Diattenuation and retardance signature of plasmonic gold nanorods in turbid media revealed by Mueller matrix polarimetry
Authors: Ray Subir Kumar , Ghosh Nirmalya , Vitkin Alex 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) are finding increasing use in biomedicine due to their unique electromagnetic properties, optical contrast enhancement and biocompatibility; they also show promise as polarization contrast agents. However, quantification of their polarization-enhancing properties within heterogeneous turbid media remains challenging. We report on polarization response in controlled tissue phantoms consisting of dielectric microsphere scatterers with varying admixtures of GRNs. Experimental Mueller matrix measurements and polarization sensitive Monte-Carlo simulations show excellent agreement. Despite the GNRs’ 3D random orientation and distribution in the strong multiply scattering background, significant linear diattenuation and retardance were observed. These exclusive measurable characteristics of GNRs suggest their potential uses as contrast enhancers for polarimetric assessment of turbid biological tissue.
Interpretation of the adsorption of metals on quartz crystal based-macromolecule via advanced modeling of equilibrium isotherms
Authors: Aouaini Fatma , Ben Yahia Mohamed , I. Alrebdi Haifa , A. Alothman Miysoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, new insights about the metals-porphyrin complexes are proved by analyzing the zinc, nickel and chromium adsorption process over the well-known porphyrin macromolecule. The use of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) apparatus allows the control of the complexation systems’ experimental adsorption data operating at four temperatures. The experimental results and the physical models reveal that the zinc and nickel complexation processes are to be examined using the mono layer adsorption model. While, the double layer model describes the interaction between the chromium compound and the porphyrin. Actually, the three metals are shown to be adsorbed by a multi-docking process in the physicochemical description. The endothermic character of the investigated processes is shown through the appropriate data of the principal parameter adsorbent sites’ density. Hence, several porphyrin sites are exclusively stimulated at high temperature. The parameters of van del Waals, depicting the influences of the lateral interactions, explain the nickel isotherms down trend. The chemical bonds are shown to be carried out between the zinc and the porphyrin through the calculated adsorption energies. Considering the thermodynamic study, and referring to the configurational entropy and the free enthalpy, it is to be noted that the disorder peak of the three mechanisms is reached when the equilibrium concentration is equal to the energetic parameters’ values for each system. The nickel enthalpy revealed for high concentration that the adsorbates’ lateral interactions disapproved the nickel chloride adsorption. The free enthalpy trends, that observed two stability states of the chromium compound, confirmed the chromium double layer mechanism.
Expansion and application of dye tracers for measuring solid food intake and food preference in Drosophila
Authors: Shell Brandon C. , Luo Yuan , Pletcher Scott , Grotewiel Mike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Drosophila model is used to investigate the effects of diet on physiology as well as the effects of genetic pathways, neural systems and environment on feeding behavior. We previously showed that Blue 1 works well as a dye tracer to track consumption of agar-based media in Drosophila in a method called Con-Ex. Here, we describe Orange 4 as a novel dye for use in Con-Ex studies that expands the utility of this method. Con-Ex experiments using Orange 4 detect the predicted effects of starvation, mating status, strain, and sex on feeding behavior in flies. Orange 4 is consumed and excreted into vials linearly with time in Con-Ex experiments, the number of replicates required to detect differences between groups when using Orange 4 is comparable to that for Blue 1, and excretion of the dye reflects the volume of consumed dye. In food preference studies using Orange 4 and Blue 1 as a dye pair, flies decreased their intake of food laced with the aversive tastants caffeine and NaCl as determined using Con-Ex or a more recently described modification called EX-Q. Our results indicate that Orange 4 is suitable for Con-Ex experiments, has comparable utility to Blue 1 in Con-Ex studies, and can be paired with Blue 1 to assess food preference via both Con-Ex and EX-Q.
Predicting cognitive impairment in outpatients with epilepsy using machine learning techniques
Authors: Lin Feng , Han Jiarui , Xue Teng , Lin Jilan , Chen Shenggen , Zhu Chaofeng , Lin Han , Chen Xianyang , Lin Wanhui , Huang Huapin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany studies report predictions for cognitive function but there are few predictions in epileptic patients; therefore, we established a workflow to efficiently predict outcomes of both the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in outpatients with epilepsy. Data from 441 outpatients with epilepsy were included; of these, 433 patients met the 12 clinical characteristic criteria and were divided into training (n = 304) and experimental (n = 129) groups. After descriptive statistics were analyzed, cross-validation was used to select the optimal model. The random forest (RF) algorithm was combined with the redundancy analysis (RDA) algorithm; then, optimal feature selection and resampling were carried out after removing linear redundancy information. The features that contributed more to multiple outcomes were selected. Finally, the external traceability of the model was evaluated using the follow-up data. The RF algorithm was the best prediction model for both MMSE and MoCA outcomes. Finally, seven markers were screened by overlapping the top ten important features for MMSE ranked by RF modeling, those ranked for MoCA ranked by RF modeling, and those for both assessments ranked by RDA. The optimal combination of features were namely, sex, age, age of onset, seizure frequency, brain MRI abnormalities, epileptiform discharge in EEG and usage of drugs. which was the most efficient in predicting outcomes of MMSE, MoCA, and both assessments.
Genetic polymorphisms of BDNF on cognitive functions in drug-naive first episode patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Su Xiuru , Qiao Limin , Liu Qing , Shang Yujie , Guan Xiaoni , Xiu Meihong , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is reported to be involved in cognitive decline in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Previous studies have found that cognitive deficits remain stable during the chronic disease phase in SZ, but the findings were inconsistent. The role of BDNF in cognitive deficits at different stage of illness remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effect of BDNF polymorphisms on cognitive deficits in drug-naïve first-episode (DNFE) patients and chronic patients with SZ. 262 DNFE patients, 844 chronic patients, and 1043 healthy controls were recruited to compare 4 polymorphisms in BDNF gene and cognitive function. We found that there was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between SZ patients and controls. However, they were closely related to cognitive functioning. BDNF rs2030324 polymorphism played a strong role in language performance only in DNFE patients with SZ. The language index of DNFE patients with rs2030324 TT and TC genotypes was worse than that of chronic patients, but there was no significant difference in CC genotypes between DNFE and chronic patients. Rs6265 had no significant effect on cognitive functioning in patients and controls. Our result suggests BDNF gene polymorphisms were related to different domains of cognitive function at the different stage of SZ, especially language in DNFE patients.
Magma pressure discharge induces very long period seismicity
Authors: Ripepe M. , Delle Donne D. , Legrand D. , Valade S. , Lacanna G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVolcano seismicity is one of the key parameters to understand magma dynamics of erupting volcanoes. However, the physical process at the origin of the resulting complex and broadband seismic signals remains unclear. Syn-eruptive very long period (VLP) seismic signals have been explained in terms of the sudden expansion of gas pockets rising in the liquid melt. Their origin is linked to a magma dynamics which triggers the explosive process occurring before the explosive onset. We provide evidence based on acoustic, thermal, and ground deformation data to demonstrate that VLP signals at Stromboli are generated at the top of the magma column mainly after the explosion onset. We show that VLP amplitude and duration scale with the eruptive flux which induces a decompression of 103–104 Pa involving the uppermost ~ 250 m of the feeding conduit. The seismic VLP source represents the final stage of a ~ 200 s long charge and discharge mechanism the magma column has to release excess gas accumulated at the base of a denser and degassed magma mush. The position of the VLP seismic source coincides with the centroid of the shallow mush plug and tracks elevation changes of the magma free surface.
Effects of exenatide on urinary albumin in overweight/obese patients with T2DM: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kang Chao , Qiao Qiao , Tong Qiang , Bai Qian , Huang Chen , Fan Rong , Wang Hui , Kaliannan Kanakaraju , Wang Jian , Xu Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of exenatide (EXE), a glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist, on kidney function, obesity indices, and glucose control in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 159 overweight/obese patients with T2DM were randomized to the EXE group or insulin glargine (GLAR) control group for a total treatment period of 24 weeks. EXE intervention significantly reduced the urine albumin concentration (UAC) at week 12 and 24 endpoints (P < 0.001 at week 12 and 24). The levels of the anthropometric, glucose and lipid parameters (TG and HDL-c), and inflammation biomarkers (CRP and TNF-α) in the EXE group were improved at 12 weeks or 24 weeks, respectively. Meanwhile, a comparison between two groups showed significant changes in anthropometric parameters, glucose parameters, lipid parameters (TG and HDL-c), and Inflammation biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α). Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was increased in the EXE group (P = 0.005) at week 24, and the change was significantly improved compared with GLAR group (P = 0.003). Correlation network analysis showed that FGF21 had a more central role in improving metabolism in the EXE group, and the change of FGF 21 was significantly negatively correlated with UAC at week 12 and week 24, respectively (r = − 0.297, P = 0.010; r = − 0.294, P = 0.012). Our results showed that EXE could help patients improve UAC, glycemic levels, and inflammatory biomarkers after a follow-up period of 24 weeks intervention. These EXE effects may be partly mediated by FGF 21, indicating that EXE is an effective and safe way to control albuminuria in overweight/obese patients with T2DM.
Hypermethylation of Mest promoter causes aberrant Wnt signaling in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Prasad Renuka , Jung Hwajin , Tan Anderson , Song Yonghee , Moon Sungho , Shaker Mohammed R. , Sun Woong , Lee Junghee , Ryu Hoon , Lim Hyun Kook , Jho Eek-hoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to dementia and behavioral changes. Extracellular deposition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and intracellular deposition of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons are the major pathogenicities of AD. However, drugs targeting these therapeutic targets are not effective. Therefore, novel targets for the treatment of AD urgently need to be identified. Expression of the mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) is regulated by genomic imprinting, where only the paternal allele is active for transcription. We identified hypermethylation on the Mest promoter, which led to a reduction in Mest mRNA levels and activation of Wnt signaling in brain tissues of AD patients. Mest knockout (KO) using the CRIPSR/Cas9 system in mouse embryonic stem cells and P19 embryonic carcinoma cells leads to neuronal differentiation arrest. Depletion of Mest in primary hippocampal neurons via lentivirus expressing shMest or inducible KO system causes neurodegeneration. Notably, depletion of Mest in primary cortical neurons of rats leads to tau phosphorylation at the S199 and T231 sites. Overall, our data suggest that hypermethylation of the Mest promoter may cause or facilitate the progression of AD.