bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure Assessment of Total Suspended Particulates and Heavy Metals in Anodizing and Electroplating Surface Treatment Process
Authors: Kim Donghyeon , Jung Sungyo , Yoon Chungsik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study is to evaluate exposure to harmful substances, such as particulate and heavy metals, by considering various factors, in anodizing and electroplating surface treatment process.Methods: Exposure evaluation studies on seven heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Al, and Ba) and total suspended particulates (TSP) were conducted. Heavy metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This study also checked the ventilation volume of the hood with a thermal anemometer. Measurement was conducted for 8 hours and 8 days. The sample number, N, of the heavy metals and TSP was 107. Results: Geometric mean (GM) of TSP during Cr plating process was 6.15(GSD, 3.35) mg/m3. GM of Cr during Cr plating was 1.86(GSD, 6.65) mg/m3. GM of TSP and heavy metals differences were statistically significant for each process and date variation. Average ventilation volume for all hoods ranged from 1.20 to 4.98 m3/s. In the hood 30 cm from bath, ventilation was 0.1 times lower. Increasing ventilation volume of the hood was the most influential factor, followed by machine operation time and workload.Conclusion: The high concentration was due to low ventilation suction flow. We can improve health to reduce exposure by resolving the fundamental cause of risk occurrence.
Detection of Single Nucleotide and Copy Number Variants in the Fabry Disease-associated GLA Gene Using Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Nowak Albina , Murik Omer , Mann Tzvia , Zeevi David A. , Altarescu Gheona 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: More than one thousand variants have been described in the GLA gene. Some intronic variants and copy number variants in GLA can cause Fabry disease but will not be detected by classical Sanger sequence.Aims: We aimed to design and validate a method for sequencing the GLA gene using long read Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology.Methods: Twelve Fabry patients were blindly analyzed, both by conventional Sanger sequence and by long read sequencing of a 13kb PCR amplicon. We used minimap2 to align the long read data and Nanopolish and Sniffles to call variants.Results: All the variants detected by Sanger (including a deep intronic variant) were also detected by long read sequencing. One patient had a deletion that was not detected by Sanger sequencing but was detected by the new technology.Conclusions: Our long read sequencing-based method was able to detect missense variants and an exonic deletion, with the added advantage of intronic analysis. It can be used as an efficient and cost-effective tool for screening and diagnosing Fabry disease.
Investigation of Topographic Site Effects using 3D Waveform Modelling: Amplification, Polarization and Torsional Motions in the Case Study of Arquata del Tronto (Italy)
Authors: Baron Julie , Primofiore Ilaria , Klin Peter , Laurenzano Giovanna , Vessia Giovanna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The combined effect of topography and near-surface heterogeneities on the seismic response is hardly predictable and may lead to an aggravation of the ground motion. We apply physics-based numerical simulations of 3D seismic wave propagation to highlight these effects in the case study of Arquata del Tronto, a hamlet in the Apennines that suffered irregularly distributed damage during the 2016 seismic sequence in Central Italy. We analyze the linear visco-elastic seismic response for vertically incident plane waves in terms of spectral amplification, polarization and induced torsional motion within the frequency band 1–8 Hz over a 1 km2 square area, with spatial resolution 25 m. To discern the effects of topography from those of the sub-surface structure we iterate the numerical simulations for three different versions of the structural model: one homogeneous, one with a surficial weathering layer and a soil basin and one with a complex internal structure. The numerical results confirm the correlation between topographic curvature and amplification and support a correlation between the induced torsional motion and the topographic slope. On the other hand we find that polarization does not necessarily imply ground motion amplification. In the frequency band above 4 Hz the topography-related effects are mainly aggravated by the presence of the weathering layer, even though they do not exceed the soil-related effects in the flat-topography basin. The structure below the weathering layer plays a recognizable role in the topography-related site response only for frequencies below 4 Hz.
Diffeomorphic Registration for Retinotopic Maps of Multiple Visual Regions
Authors: Tu Yanshuai , Lu Zhong-Lin , Wang Yalin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Retinotopic map, the mapping between visual inputs on the retina and neuronal responses on cortical surface, is one of the central topics in vision science. Typically, human retinotopic maps are constructed by analyzing functional magnetic resonance responses to designed visual stimuli on cortical surface. Although it is widely used in visual neuroscience, retinotopic maps are limited by measurement noise and resolution. One promising approach to improve the quality of retinotopic maps is to register individual subject’s retinotopic maps to a retinotopic template or atlas. However, none of the existing retinotopic registration methods has explicitly quantified the diffeomorphic condition, that is, retinotopic maps can be aligned by stretching/compressing but without tearing up. Here, we developed Diffeomorphic Registration for Retinotopic Maps (DRRM) to simultaneously align retinotopic maps in multiple visual regions under the diffeomorphic condition. Specifically, we used the Beltrami coefficient to model the diffeomorphic condition and performed surface registration based on retinotopic coordinates. The overall framework is simple and elegant and preserves topological condition defined in the atlas. We further developed a unique performance evaluation protocol and compared the performance of the new method with several existing image intensity-based registration methods on both synthetic and real datasets. The results showed that DRRM is superior to the existing methods in achieving diffeomorphic mappings in synthetic and empirical data from 3T and 7T magnets. DRRM may improve the interpretation of low-quality retinotopic maps and facilitate adoption of retinotopic maps in clinical settings.
Antrochoanal Polyp: A Rare Differential Diagnosis of Adenoids
Authors: Al-Ani Raid M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Antrochoanal polyps are more prevalent in children than adults. Unilateral nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea are usually the features of the unilateral antrochoanal polyps. Bilateral nasal obstruction is also a feature of antrochoanal polyp if it is large and obstruct both choana. Giant antrochoanal polyp is rarely reported in the literature and as a case reports. Case Report: We reported a further case of giant left antrochoanal polyp in a 6-years-old boy presented with bilateral nasal obstruction, nasal and postnasal mucopurulent discharge, hypo-nasal speech, mouth breathing, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. These features are mostly consistent mostly with the diagnosis of the adenoids. Physical examination revealed a mass seen in the oropharynx behind the uvula. Further examination by nasal endoscopy, computerized tomography, and histopathological evaluation of the excised polyp have confirmed the diagnosis of an antrochoanal polyp. Conclusion: Although this entity is rarely seen in daily clinical practice, great care is needed to catch the diagnosis for early treatment to avoid unwanted complications.
Epidemiology of Measles in Bale Zone South East Ethiopia 2019
Authors: tsegaye Geremew , gezahagn Yenealem , Berhanu Naod , Gudina Gemechu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: - Measles remains causes of vaccine preventable death in children worldwide. Cases comes to health facilities after complication developed, and miss diagnosed as the complication than measles, which is a reason for under reporting of measles cases and number of reported cases represents small proportion of expected cases. While aim of this study is to analyze seven years (2013-2019) measles surveillance data of Bale zone and to indicate measles surveillance related gaps. Method: - Cross sectional study conducted from May 25-June 25/2019. Study population and sample was all measles cases reported to bale zone from 2013-2019. Data abstracted by reviewing seven years measles line list and case-based report by investigator using data abstraction check list. Data entered and analyzed by Microsoft excel. Tables, graph and percent presented the data. Result: - Overall, 4241 measles cases were reported with a case fatality of 3.07/1000 population. About 248(5.8%) were measles IgM confirmed. Mean age of the case patients were 7.15 and 2147 (50.6%) were males. The most affected age group were <4 years, 1685 (39.7%) of cases. The highest prevalence rate 141 / 100,000 populations reported in 2019.Unvaccinated and unknown status were 890(21%) and 731(17.2%). The highest numbers of cases reported from Ginir and Gololcha. Measles cases increase in autumn season of the year and reaches peak in May. Conclusion: - Measles is the major causes of morbidity and Mortality in Bale zone due to poor immunization coverage, 890(21%) of case patients were un vaccinated. Though community death is not included case fatality is high. Ginir reported the highest number of cases. Increasing vaccine coverage of the zone, early preparedness before annual cycle and strengthening measles case-based surveillance is mandatory.
A Non-Field Analytical Method for Heat Transfer Problems Through A Moving Boundary
Authors: Kulish Vladimir , Horák Vladimír 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an extension of the non-field analytical method – known as the method of Kulish – to solving heat transfer problems in domains with a moving boundary. This is an important type of problems with various applications in different areas of science. Among these are heat transfer due to chemical reactions, ignition and explosions, combustion, and many others. The general form of the non-field solution has been obtained for the case of an arbitrarily moving boundary. After that some particular cases of the solution are considered. Among them are such cases as the boundary speed changing linearly, parabolically, exponentially, and polynomially. Whenever possible, the solutions thus obtained have been compared with known solutions. The final part of the paper is devoted to determination of the front propagation law in Stefan-type problems at large times. Asymptotic solutions have been found for several important cases of the front propagation.
Assessment of Irrigant Flow and Apical Pressure in Simulated Canals of Single Rooted Teeth with Different Root Canal Tapers and Apical Preparation Sizes-an Ex-Vivo Study
Authors: Sujith Immadi , Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Ramesh Sindhu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Irrigation dynamics vary in optimally shaped canals. Various factors combine to create a stress-induced environment leading to a dynamic irrigant flow.Aim:Evaluate the irrigant flow and apical pressure using 30 gauge open-ended needle in virtually created root canal model of single-rooted teeth.Materials and Methods:Sixty extracted single-rooted premolars were selected and prepared using a single rotary instrument HY-FLEX CM and grouped as : Group I: 30 size 0.6% taper (n=15), Group II: 30 size 0.4% taper (n=15), Group III: 25 size 0.6% taper (n=15), Group IV: 25 size 0.4% taper (n=15). Post instrumentation imaging was carried out using CBCT, and CAD models were obtained. Subgrouping was done based on the nozzle position, and computational fluid dynamic analysis was carried out for the respective parameters assessed.Results:Statistical significance was elicited in all the groups at different nozzle positions analysed. (p<0.05) A post-Hoc test revealed a significance in the mean flow rate and flow velocity in Group I at low nozzle position (p<0.05) as compared to others.Conclusions:30 size 0.6% tapered preparations proved efficient irrigant flow and least apical pressures at allnozzle positions.
Two kinds of memory signals in neurons of the human hippocampus
Authors: Urgolites Zhisen , Wixted John , Goldinger Stephen , Papesh Megan H. , Treiman David M. , Squire Larry R. , Steinmetz Peter N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Some studies of the neural representation of memory in the human hippocampus have identified memory signals reflecting the categorical status of test items (novel vs. repeated). Others have identified pattern-separated, episodic memory signals reflecting recognition of particular test items. Here, we report that both kinds of memory signals can be found in the hippocampus, and we consider their possible functions. We recorded single-unit activity from four brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex) of epilepsy patients as they performed a continuous recognition task. The generic signal was found in all four regions, whereas the sparse, pattern-separated signal was limited to the hippocampus, as predicted by longstanding computational models.
Influence of Philazonit biopreparation on the mycobiome of soybean plants rhizosphere
Authors: Parfenuk Alla , Havryliuk Liliia , Beznosko Irina , Pasichnіk Larisa , Turovnik Yuliia , Ternovyi Yuri 
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of analysis of biodiversity and spatial-functional structure of the microbial complex in the soil rhizosphere, and development of ways to regulate the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of soybean plants in organic production. Varieties of plants of soy were grown using the biopreparation "Philazonit", which was developed in the company "Philazonit of Ukraine". The study determined the effect of phylazonite biopreparation on the mycobiome of the rhizosphere of soybean plants. The interaction of plants of soy varieties Kent and Suzir’ja with phytopathogenic micromycetes in conditions of the organic production in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Research farm “Skvyrske” of Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IANM of the NAAS) was investigated. The number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of different varieties of soy is determined depending on the variety and technology of its cultivation. It was established that the biopreparation Philazonit inhibits the formation of the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of the soy variety Suzir’ja and Kent during the growing season. It is proved that the representatives of genera: Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus are dominated in the rhizosphere of plants of soy of both varieties. In the rhizospheres of plants of the soy Suzir’ja variety the representatives of genus Penicillium (32.8%) most often occurred. The smallest number of micromycetes were members of the genus Aspergillus (9.5%). In the rhizosphere of plants of the Kent variety dominated by representatives of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium (35.6% and 34.1% respectively). Representatives of the genus Penicillium were 15% and Aspergillus – 15.3% It is proved noted that during the studies there was a correlation between the development of micromycetes and the hydrothermal coefficient – in the flowering phase (r=0.8) and in the ripening phase (r =0.9) except for the germination phase
Polarization of macrophages of mice under the influence of lectin from Bacillus subtilis IMV B-7724
Authors: Chumak Alina , Shcherbina Valeriia , Fedosova Natalia , Chekhun Vasyl' 
Published: June 2021

Macrophages (Mph) are highly plastic cells that are able to change their functional activity (polarization) and perform their functions in different physiological and pathological processes (including cancer). Changes in the functional activity of Mph can occur due to the action of a number of external stimuli (cytokines, colony-stimulating factors, products of microbial synthesis, etc.).
The aim of the research was to study the effect of lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 on the state of macrophage polarization in intact mice of the Balb/c strain.
The cytotoxic effect of lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 on the peritoneal Mph of intact Balb/c mice was evaluated in vitro; indices, characterizing the functional activity of Mph with M1 and M2 phenotypes and the levels of STAT-1 and STAT-6 mRNA expression, were determined.
We have shown that the effect of bacterial lectin on peritoneal Mph is concentration-dependent: ≥0.1 mg/ml is cytotoxic while 0.02 and 0.05 mg/ml is stimulating. At low concentrations of lectin there is observed a significant increase in the ratio of NO production to the arginase activity of Mph (NO/Arg), which is characteristic of Mph with the M1 phenotype. Changes in the expression of STAT transcription factors under the influence of the lectin were similar to the changes, found under the combined action of LPS and IFN-γ on Mph. The detected changes in the functional activity of peritoneal Mph of intact mice under the influence of low concentrations of the lectin may be due to the changes in the expression of transcription factors of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Understanding the mechanisms of action of lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 on Mph will open new perspectives for their modulation/polarization
Determination of hydraulic conductivity for granular filters based on constriction size and shape parameters
Authors: Rather Nasir Ahmad , Lone Mohd Akbar , Dar Abdul Qayoom , Huda Mir Bintul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This experimental study is an attempt to apply the constriction size concept for determination of hydraulic conductivity of filter material. Five shapes of granular filter material of different gradations were used for the experimental investigations. The controlling constriction size for selected shapes and gradations were worked out and related to the experimental values of hydraulic conductivity. The empirical model for determination of hydraulic conductivity based on controlling constriction size for each shape of granular filter material was developed. Finally, a combined empirical model for the determination of hydraulic conductivity of granular filters was developed based on shape parameters and the controlling constriction size. The model was validated with the experimental data of a past research work; the predicted values of hydraulic conductivity were found in close approximation to the values obtained from the literature. Results of the present work will help in improving the existing design criteria of protective filters, which form an integral part of the safety of hydraulic structures.
Application of clayware ceramic separator modified with silica in microbial fuel cell for bioelectricity generation during rice mill wastewater treatment
Authors: Raychaudhuri Aryama , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Behera Manaswini 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ceramic separators have recently been investigated as low-cost, robust, and sustainable separators for application in microbial fuel cells (MFC). In the present study, an attempt was made to develop a low-cost MFC employing a clayware ceramic separator modified with silica. The properties of separators with varying silica content (10%–40% w/w) were evaluated in terms of oxygen and proton diffusion. The membrane containing 30% silica exhibited improved performance compared to the unmodified membrane. Two identical MFCs, fabricated using ceramic separators with 30% silica content (MFCS-30) and without silica (MFCC), were operated at hydraulic retention time of 12 h with real rice mill wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3,200 ± 50 mg/L. The maximum volumetric power density of 791.72 mW/m3 and coulombic efficiency of 35.77% was obtained in MFCS-30, which was 60.4% and 48.5%, respectively, higher than that of MFCC. The maximum COD and phenol removal efficiency of 76.2% and 58.2%, respectively, were obtained in MFCS-30. MFC fabricated with modified ceramic separator demonstrated higher power generation and pollutant removal. The presence of hygroscopic silica in the ceramic separator improved its performance in terms of hydration properties and proton transport.
Fabrication of Bi4O5Br2 photocatalyst for carbamazepine degradation under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Mao Xiaoming , Li Min , Li Mengyao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bi4O5Br2 with irregular flake shape was synthesized by a facile and energy-saving hydrolysis method. Its band gap energy (Eg) was 2.1 eV. The formation mechanism was proposed. The Bi4O5Br2 exhibited superb visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity (&gt;90%) toward the oxidation of carbamazepine. The kinetics rate constant (k) attained 0.0196 min−1. The effect of Bi4O5Br2 dosage, initial solution pH value, and inorganic anions on carbamazepine degradation was investigated. During the oxidation process, photogenerated holes (h+) and superoxide radical anions (•O2−) were the main active species. Based on the reaction intermediates results determined through a combined system of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, a possible reaction mechanism was speculated. The degree of contamination of carbamazepine solution after treatment was evaluated through the teratogenic effect experiment. After 120 min of visible light exposure, the carbamazepine solution is free of pollution. Also, the as-synthesized Bi4O5Br2 maintains good chemical stability and could be reused in the photodegradation process, indicating its potential in practical applications.
Protective Effect of Anthocyanins on Radiation-induced Hippocampal Injury
through Activation of SIRT3
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Yu Shuna , Jiang Jiying , Li Huiting , Pan Yitong , Li Wanzhen , Bai Chen , Li Ming , Xie Peitong , Liu Jiao , Li Jianguo 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Neuronal cell apoptosis is associated with radiation exposure. It is urgent to study the
radiation protection of hippocampal neurons.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of anthocyanins on radiation and its
potential mechanism.

Materials and Methods:
The irradiation was carried out at room temperature with 4-Gy dose. Anthocyanins
were intraperitoneally administered to rats prior to radiation exposure. The immunohistology and survival of
neurons within the hippocampi, neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin, mean ROS accumulation and SIRT3 expression
by Western Blot and qRTPCR were performed.

Results:
Anthocyanins inhibit radiation-induced apoptosis by activating SIRT3. SIRT3 mRNA increased 24
hours after anthocyanin performed, accompanied by an increase in SIRT3 protein and activity.

Conclusions :
Anthocyanin can effectively resist radiation-induced oxidation and support its role in scavenging
cellular reactive oxygen species. The results showed that anthocyanin protected hippocampal neurons from
apoptosis through the activity of SIRT3 after irradiation.