bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of Starter Cultures Based on Non-Traditional Flours
Authors: Gur'ev Sergey , Popov Vitaly 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Bread and bakery products contain nutritional components that make an integral part of human diet. Starter cultures are a promising way to prepare bakery products. The research objective was to study the effect of non-traditional flours and their wheat mixes on the activity, sensory, and physicochemical properties of starter cultures.
Study objects and methods. The research featured Lesaffre starter cultures (Saf-Levain LV1 and Saf-Levain LV4) with lentil flour and green buckwheat flour. It involved organoleptic, titrimetric, and photocolorimetric methods, as well as the “ball surfacing” method, to determine the fermentation activity of starter cultures and to assess the changes in their volume. The acid content of the flour was determined by titrating the aqueous solution of the sample. The amount of reducing sugars was determined by the photocolorimetric method based on the interaction of carbonyl groups of sugars in an alkaline medium with copper glycerate; the optical density of the resulting solution was performed using a photoelectrocolorimeter. The change in the volume of the starter cultures was determined by a non-standard method of using measuring cups in the process of thermostating. The research also included a sensory evaluation of the semi-finished products.
Results and discussion. Green buckwheat flour had a positive effect on the activity of starter cultures based on Saf-Levain LV4 and LV1. The sensory properties of starter cultures with non-traditional flours differed from the control samples in aroma, taste, appearance, and inflation rate. The acidity of the samples varied depending on the flour, its quantity, and the starting culture. The greatest accumulation of acids occurred in the sample with 50% of green buckwheat flour and the samples with 25 and 50% of lentil flour. The most intense reduction in the amount of reducing sugars was observed in the samples with 25 and 50% of green buckwheat flour (from 1.9 to 3.9 times, depending on the sample). In the samples with lentil flour, it was 75 and 100% (from 2.7 to 7.5 times, depending on the sample). The difference in the samples with LV1 was greater than in the samples with LV4, which can be explained by the differences in their microbial composition. The inflation rate was higher in the test samples than in the control.
Conclusion. The resulting starter cultures can be recommended for baking industry and further research. Starter cultures based on non-traditional flours will eventually reduce the fermentation time and produce bakery products with high consumer properties. The non-traditional flours can expand the range of bakery products and increase their nutritional value.
Effect of Dietary Supplement from Lymphoid Tissue of Chickens on Cell Viability
Authors: Kolberg Natalia , Tikhonova Nataliya , Tikhonov Sergey , Leontieva Svetlana 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Today, dietary supplements are an integral part of human diet. Some of them are made of hydrolysates of animal origin. Biologically active additives of immunomodulatory action can prevent various diseases. The research objective was to develop a dietary supplement from the bursa of Fabricius obtained from broiler chickens and evaluate its effect on cell viability in culture.
Study objects and methods. The study featured biologically active supplement obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the bursa of Fabricius, immature stem cells, and adult differentiated cells of human dermal fibroblasts, HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells, and extract of the bursa of Fabricius.
Results and discussion. The research resulted in a new technology of dietary supplement production from the bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens. It included washing, cutting, homogenization, proteolytic enzyme fermentation, and ultrafiltration. When introduced into the culture of mesenchymal stem cells, the dietary supplement caused a slight decrease in the cell viability at concentrations of 25 and 50%, which indicated a possible cytotoxic effect of the extract on mesenchymal cells. The extract did not affect the viability of human fibroblast culture and caused no cytotoxic effect. In MCF-7 culture, the extract had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, which lowered the relative cell viability.
Conclusion. The new dietary supplement based on the bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens had a cytotoxic effect on stem cell cultures. However, it did not affect the cell viability and had no cytotoxic effect on human dermal fibroblasts. The effect depended on the cell culture. In the case of HeLa, the supplement stimulated proliferative activity, and in the case of MCF-7, it had a cytotoxic effect. Therefore, the new dietary supplement demonstrated some prospects as an active ingredient for various biologically active additives and immunomodulatory drugs.
Formation of Indicators for Assessing the Effectiveness of the Use of Human Capital in the Food Industry
Authors: Skobliakova Irina , Efremova Svetlana 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. No standard methodological approach has yet been developed for an objective assessment of the value of the human resource from the position of its effect on the results of the related industry. Food industry is a strategically important branch of the National Economy. It has its specific requirements for labor resources, which can be used as indicators of their effective use in the production process. The on-going transformation of the food industry structure requires customization of such indicators. The present research objective was to form a group of indicators to assess the efficiency of the use of human capital in food industry.
Study objects and methods. Food industry ensures domestic food security and provides the rational use of all resources in the production process. The research featured indicators of human capital assessment adopted in international financial reporting, as well as methods of statistical and mathematical data analysis.
Results and discussion. The present article introduces a new methodological approach to determine the impact of human capital on the socio-economic efficiency of a food industry enterprise. The calculation of the integrated human capital index was based on statistical indicators of demand and the intellectual component in the industry, e.g. indices of employment, education, and industrial production. According to the proposed approach, the indicative function was performed by an integrated indicator of socio-economic development, which included indices reduced to a comparable form. The indices reflected the ecological, economic, and social efficiency of food production. The method was tested at a local cereal-producing company. An average increase in costs for the development of human capital by 1% increased the indicators of the socio-economic development from 4 to 5%. The objectivity of the assessment depended on the provision of a given level of human capital development and the choice of target criteria for the development of the food industry.
Conclusion. The proposed method can facilitate labor management decisions in food industry. The list of indicators can be expanded in accordance with the objectives and installations of scientific research.
Properties of Polyphenols and Xylooligosaccharides Obtained Biotechnologically from Processed Millets
Authors: Zyaynitdinov Damir , Evteev Alexandr , Bannikova Anna 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Thousands of tons of millet grain are processed annually in the world. Husk is the main waste of millet processing and can produce biologically valuable components. The present research offers a new biotechnology for the production of biologically active substances (BAS), namely polyphenols and xylooligosaccharides (XOS), from millet husk.
Study objects and methods. Millet husk was tested for the mass fraction of protein, moisture, starch, fiber, and reducing substances, as well as for antiradical activity, qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic substances, fractional composition of carbohydrates, monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides, qualitative and quantitative compositions of XOS concentrates.
Results and discussion. The obtained BAS concentrates contained 0.90% of protein and 91.50% of carbohydrates, including 68.50% of XOS with prebiotic properties and 6.30% of ash. The concentrate of polyphenols was represented to a greater extent by ferulic acid (33.47%) with antioxidant activity up to 74.0%. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis demonstrated a significant change in the fractional composition of the extracted oxycinnamic acids, which make up the polyphenolic compounds of millet husk. In the polyphenol concentrate, the yield of ferulic acid increased by 19%, and that of gallic acid – by 2.5%, whereas the yield of chlorogenic acid decreased by 13%. The XOS concentrate mainly consisted of XOS fragments with prebiotic properties – up to 78% in absolutely dry matter. The fractional composition of the XOS concentrate revealed the presence of di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaxylo-oligosaccharides. Xylotriose and xylotetrose prevailed in the KOS concentrates: 15.83 and 16.23%, respectively. The waste of enzymatic husk processing proved to be a concentrate of valuable dietary fiber that can be used as an independent product in the technologies of balanced and dietary nutrition.
Conclusion. Millet husk is an excellent source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant and prebiotic properties and can be used in functional food production.
Assessment of Exchange Options for Attracting External Financing by Small and Medium Businesses
Authors: Starchenko Elena , Verzhitskii Danil 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The choice and justification of options for attracting investments are relevant for the development of any organization. The research objective was to assess exchange-traded options for attracting investment by small and medium businesses in the food and processing industry.
Study objects and methods. The research featured small and medium businesses in the food and processing industry and their exchange options for attracting external financing. The study was based on system, situational, structural-functional, and process approaches, as well as methods of comparative and factor analysis, grouping, and sociological research techniques.
Results and discussion. The authors described, analyzed, and classified ways to attract external financing by small and medium businesses. Exchange-traded options proved to be associated with the circulation of securities that differ in liquidity, direct access to the owners of funds, and access to a potentially unlimited amount of investment capital. The authors analyzed the existing exchange infrastructure for the businesses under consideration and assessed their potential for issuing securities. Based on such indicators as Average EBIT Margin and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), small and medium food-related enterprises can issuer securities, especially exchange-traded bonds. Exchange-traded bonds demonstrated a number of serious disadvantages, compared to a traditional bank loan. However, issuers of securities receive guaranteed advantages, e.g. more flexible conditions for raising funds on the exchange, the right to state subsidies for the payment of coupon income, partial compensation for the costs of placing securities, the absence of collateral, a wide range of private investors, etc. Using some real cases, the authors evaluated the liquidity of exchange-traded bonds of small and medium businesses in the food and processing industry according to a number of indicators of profitability and liquidity of securities.
Conclusion. Exchange options can be used to finance small and medium food-related businesses, based on the established ex-change infrastructure, government incentives, potential of the food sector, average EBIT profitability, and revenue growth.
Tolerance of Lactobacillus sakei to Osmotic Stress
Authors: Nikiforova Anna , Khazagaeva Sofia , Khamagaeva Irina 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The development of new technologies of bacterial cultures for fish products is an important area of re-search. Sodium chloride (NaCl) has an inhibitory effect on most microorganisms and is often used in fish industry. The present research objective was to study the effect of NaCl on the growth of lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactoba-cillus sakei.
Study objects and methods. The research featured strains of lactic acid bacteria L. sakei (L. sakei LSK-45 and L. sakei DSM 20017). The bacteria were cultivated in a semi-liquid MRS medium supplemented with sodium chloride at vari-ous concentrations. The optical density (OD) of the medium and the viable cell counts served as indicators of bacterial growth. The morphology of bacterial cells was studied by microscopic examination of Gram-stained bacteria.
Results and discussion. Both L. sakei strains proved tolerant to NaCl concentrations up to 6% as proved by the high density of the cell population – 109 CFU/cm3. When NaCl concentration reached 10%, L. sakei LSK-45 demonstrated the highest resistance to osmotic stress. At the end of cultivation, the population density dropped to 108 CFU/cm3, and the survival rate was 92%. The number of viable cells of L. sakei DSM 20017 decreased to 106 CFU/cm3, and the sur-vival rate reached 62%. The high resistance of L. sakei LSK-45 to osmotic stress was caused by cell cohesion, which increased with the growing NaCl concentration and was regulated by the quorum sensing system.
Conclusion. L. sakei showed a flexible response to the changes in NaCl concentration. L. sakei LSK-45 strain had the highest resistance to osmotic stress.
Effect of Water Contamination on the Preservation of Vitamins in Juices
Authors: Yustratov Vladimir , Timoshchuk Irina , Gorelkina Alena , Gora Natalia , Golubeva Nadezhda , Ostapova Elena 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Whey drinks, fruit nectars, and reconstituted juices are usually based on domestic water. This water may contain various contaminants, which can interact with vitamins in fruit drinks. The research objective was to study the impact of trichloromethane, hydroxybenzene, chlorophenol, trichloroethylene, and ethylene chloride on the state of vitamins in juice products.
Study objects and methods. The study featured aqueous fruit and berry concentrates, used in fruit nectar production. The control sample contained water without contaminants, while the test samples involved trichloromethane, trichloroethylene, ethylene chloride, hydroxybenzene, and chlorophenol. Capillary zone electrophoresis made it possible to determine bioactive substances (vitamins) in aqueous fruit and berry concentrates. Molecular absorption spectroscopy in visible spectrum was used to check the color intensity. Gas chromatography helped to analyze the content of contaminants.
Results and discussion. The experiment tested vitamin preservation in fruit nectars based on water contaminated with trichloromethane, trichloroethylene, ethylene chloride, hydroxybenzene, and chlorophenol. Trichloromethane did not react with bioactive substances. Trichloroethylene, ethylene chloride, hydroxybenzene, and chlorophenol lowered the content of ascorbic acid, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, choline, and pyridoxine. Depending on the organic matter, water contamination led to a decrease in carotene by 7–35%, vitamin B1 – by 10–100%, B2 – by 11–100%, B4 – by 8–45%, and B6 – by 8–100 in the finished product. The paper introduces a theoretic substantiation of the interaction between the contaminants and the bioactive substances.
Conclusion. Water, contaminated with such organic substances as hydroxybenzene, chlorophenol, trichloroethylene, and ethylene chloride, proved to affect the vitamin preservation in juices, which was illustrated by chemical equations. Therefore, juice production requires preliminary water purification because toxic and cancerogenic substances can decrease the quality and food safety of the finished product.
Performance-based multi-objective design and expansion of water distribution networks considering life cycle costs and future demands
Authors: Sirsant Swati , Janga Reddy M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Designing the Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) consists of finding out pipe sizes such that the demands are satisfied and the desired performance levels are achieved at minimum cost. However, WDNs are subject to many future changes such as an increase (or decrease) in demand due to population change and migration, changes in water availability due to seasonal and climatic change, etc. Thus, the capacity expansion of WDNs needs to be performed such that the cost of interventions made is minimum while satisfying the demand and performance requirements at various time periods. Therefore, the current study proposed a Dynamic Programming (DP) framework for capacity expansion of WDNs and solved using Multi-Objective Self Adaptive Differential Evolution (MOSADE). The methodology is tested on three benchmark WDNs, namely Two-loop (TL), GoYang, and Blacksburg (BLA) WDNs, and applied to a real case study of the Badlapur region, Maharashtra, India. The results show that the proposed methodology leads to effective Pareto optimal fronts, making it an efficient method for solving WDN expansion problems. Subsequently, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis was performed on the obtained Pareto-optimal solutions to determine the most suitable solution based on three criteria: Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of expansions, hydraulic reliability, and mechanical reliability. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is its capability to consider hydraulic performance as well as structural integrity and demand satisfaction in the face of hydraulic and mechanical failures.
The Potential Impacts of a Digital Preoperative Assessment Service on Appointments, Travel-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and User Experience: Case Study
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , Leyden John , Maramba Inocencio , Chatterjee Arunangsu , Meinert Edward 
Published: October 2021

Background
The National Health Service (NHS) cannot keep up with the demand for operations and procedures. Preoperative assessments can be conducted on the internet to improve efficiency and reduce wait times for operations. MyPreOp is a cloud-based platform where patients can complete preoperative questionnaires. These are reviewed by a nurse who determines whether they need a subsequent face-to-face appointment.

Objective
The primary objective of this study is to describe the potential impact of MyPreOp (Ultramed Ltd) on the number of face-to-face appointments. The secondary objectives are to examine the time spent on preoperative assessments completed using MyPreOp in NHS Trusts and user ratings of usability and acceptability.

Methods
The study design was a case study service evaluation. Data were collected using the MyPreOp system from 2 NHS Trusts (Guy’s and St Thomas’ and Royal United Hospitals Bath) and the private BMI Bath Clinic during the 4-month period from September to December 2020. Participants were adults of any age and health status at the participating hospitals who used MyPreOp to complete a preoperative assessment before a scheduled surgery. The primary outcome was the number of face-to-face appointments avoided by patients who used MyPreOp. The investigated secondary outcomes included the length of time spent by nurses completing preoperative assessments, associated travel-related carbon dioxide emissions compared with standard care, and quantitative user feedback. User feedback was assessed at all 3 sites; however, the other outcomes could only be examined in the Royal United Hospitals Bath sample because of data limitations.

Results
Data from 2500 participants were included. Half of the assessed patients did not need a further face-to-face appointment and required a median of only 5.3 minutes of nurses’ time to review. The reduction in appointments was associated with a small saving of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (9.05 tons). Patient feedback was generally positive: 79.8% (317/397) of respondents rated MyPreOp as easy or very easy to use, and 85.2% (340/399) thought the overall experience was good or very good.

Conclusions
This evaluation demonstrates the potential benefits of MyPreOp. However, further research using rigorous scientific methodology and a larger sample of NHS Trusts and users is needed to provide strong evidence of MyPreOp’s efficacy, usability, and cost-effectiveness.
Methods for Mesh Implantation Efficacy Assessment in Rectocele
Authors: Lukianov A. S. , Titov A. Yu. , Biryukov O. M. , Mudrov A. A. , Kostarev I. V. 
Published: October 2021

Aim. A methodological review on mesh implantation efficacy assessment in surgery for rectocele.Key points. Specialised quiz surveys are among the most appropriate methods to assess surgical intervention efficacy. The questionnaires that enable pre- and postsurgery rectocele grading include PFDI-20 (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory), the colonic evacuation disorder scale and Cleveland Constipation Scoring System. These surveys determine the surgical intervention efficacy dynamically in conjunction with instrumental surgery assessment techniques.Conclusion. Clinical practice at the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology combines the originally developed colonic evacuation disorder scale (2003) and PFDI-20. The combined scales allow for a comprehensive symptom assessment in patients with rectocele and other descending perineum syndrome manifestations prior to surgery, as well as symptom dynamics evaluation postoperatively, which, in link with defecography, enables a complete appraisal of the surgical effect.
Dexamethasone in Treatment of Comorbid SARS-CoV-2 Patients Aged over 50 Years with Lung Injury over 50 %
Authors: Zolnikova O. Yu. , Maslennikov R. V. , Ivashkin V. T. , Dzhakhaya N. L. , Kiseleva O. Yu. , Potskhverashvili N. D. , Shorokhova S. A. 
Published: October 2021

Aim. An efficacy assessment of steroid therapy in SARS-CoV-2 patients aged over 50 years with lung damage over 50 % (grade 3–4).Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 158 SARS-CoV-2 patients hospitalised in April—June 2020 was conducted under the inclusion criteria: age over 50 years, chest computed tomography (CT) for COVID-19-asso-ciated pneumonia, C-reactive protein (CRP) >50 mg/L, anticoagulant therapy, no contraindications to steroids, no biologic therapy. Cohort 1 patients (n = 96) received dexamethasone 4–12 mg/day, cohort 2 (n = 62) — a standard non-dexamethasone therapy.Results. Dexamethasone treatment associated with a significant alleviation of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in CT score (p = 0.001), reduced fibrinogen (p = 0.001), a trend to CRP reduction by day 8–10 and lower demand for oxygen therapy, including ventilatory support (p = 0.001). Mortality rate was 19.8 and 75.8 % in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.001).Conclusion. Dexamethasone therapy 4–12 mg/day in SARS-CoV-2 patients aged 50+ years with grade 3–4 CT changes receiving LMWH from start of hospitalisation significantly improved CT scores and reduced mortality.