bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective effects of azilsartan compared with that of telmisartan on an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Garg Shanky , Khan Sana Irfan , Malhotra Rajiv Kumar , Sharma Manish Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Kaur Punit , Nag Tapas Chandra , Ray Ruma , Bhatia Jagriti , Arya Dharamvir Singh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAzilsartan is found to be more potent than other angiotensin receptor blockers in reducing blood pressure. However, its effect on the heart following myocardial infarction remains to be established. For the first time, we investigated the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) agonistic and cardioprotective properties of azilsartan. Computational modeling studies of interactions between azilsartan and PPAR‐γ revealed azilsartan as an agonist of PPAR‐γ and showed the mechanism of azilsartan in cardioprotection. Our study compared the cardioprotective potential of telmisartan to that of azilsartan in a murine model of myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury by comparing their antioxidant, ant apoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐modulating ability, and PPAR‐γ agonistic activity. Male Wistar rats were grouped into four to receive vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide [0.05%] 2 ml/kg) telmisartan (10 mg/kg p.o.), azilsartan (10 mg/kg p.o.) or azilsartan with specific PPAR‐γ blocker, GW 9662 for 28 days. Ischemia was induced for 45 min on the 29th day followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Telmisartan and azilsartan pretreatment significantly nearly normalized cardiac parameters and preserved structural changes. Both drugs inhibited oxidative burst, inflammation, as well as cell death by modulating apoptotic protein expression along with reduction in 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling‐positive cells. An increment in pro‐survival kinase ERK paralleled with a reduction in p38 and JNK was also revealed by MAPK pathway studies, after administration of these drugs. Interestingly, the aforementioned changes induced by both drugs were reversed by administration of the specific PPAR‐γ antagonist, GW9662. However, we found that azilsartan upregulated PPAR‐γ to a lesser extent as compared to telmisartan and the latter may be preferred in hypertensive patients at risk of myocardial infarction.
A qualitative exploration of women's resilience in the face of homelessness
Authors: Phipps Monique , Dalton Lisa , Maxwell Hazel , Cleary Michelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the experiential perspectives of women becoming and experiencing homelessness. Situated in the qualitative interpretative tradition, data were collected using auto‐driven photo‐elicitation and in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews. Eleven Australian women used photographs that represented their experiences of being homeless to guide their interview discussion. The findings revealed that homelessness for women is a period often preceded by a series of adverse incidents in their lives, characterised by progressive resilience building in the face of trauma, finding hope and building strength to work towards exiting homelessness. After becoming homeless, five stages of resilience transition emerged: The trauma of homelessness, Finding hope and surviving, Finding help, Finding connection and Taking control. Women experiencing homelessness are resilient and capable of enacting competence and autonomy in seeking help to exit homelessness. Changes to service delivery are recommended to improve trauma‐informed, person‐centred housing and social services that are integrated and easy to navigate.
Prospective Evaluation of Repeatability and Robustness of Radiomic Descriptors in Healthy Brain Tissue Regions In Vivo Across Systematic Variations in T2‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Acquisition Parameters
Authors: Eck Brendan , Chirra Prathyush V. , Muchhala Avani , Hall Sophia , Bera Kaustav , Tiwari Pallavi , Madabhushi Anant , Seiberlich Nicole , Viswanath Satish E. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundRadiomic descriptors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are promising for disease diagnosis and characterization but may be sensitive to differences in imaging parameters.ObjectiveTo evaluate the repeatability and robustness of radiomic descriptors within healthy brain tissue regions on prospectively acquired MRI scans; in a test–retest setting, under controlled systematic variations of MRI acquisition parameters, and after postprocessing.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFifteen healthy participants.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T, axial T2‐weighted 2D turbo spin‐echo pulse sequence, 181 scans acquired (2 test/retest reference scans and 12 with systematic variations in contrast weighting, resolution, and acceleration per participant; removing scans with artifacts).AssessmentOne hundred and forty‐six radiomic descriptors were extracted from a contiguous 2D region of white matter in each scan, before and after postprocessing.Statistical TestsRepeatability was assessed in a test/retest setting and between manual and automated annotations for the reference scan. Robustness was evaluated between the reference scan and each group of variant scans (contrast weighting, resolution, and acceleration). Both repeatability and robustness were quantified as the proportion of radiomic descriptors that fell into distinct ranges of the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC): excellent (CCC > 0.85), good (0.7 ≤ CCC ≤ 0.85), moderate (0.5 ≤ CCC < 0.7), and poor (CCC < 0.5); for unprocessed and postprocessed scans separately.ResultsGood to excellent repeatability was observed for 52% of radiomic descriptors between test/retest scans and 48% of descriptors between automated vs. manual annotations, respectively. Contrast weighting (TR/TE) changes were associated with the largest proportion of highly robust radiomic descriptors (21%, after processing). Image resolution changes resulted in the largest proportion of poorly robust radiomic descriptors (97%, before postprocessing). Postprocessing of images with only resolution/acceleration differences resulted in 73% of radiomic descriptors showing poor robustness.Data ConclusionsMany radiomic descriptors appear to be nonrobust across variations in MR contrast weighting, resolution, and acceleration, as well in test–retest settings, depending on feature formulation and postprocessing.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Food restriction reduces hepatic alterations associated with experimental periodontitis
Authors: Caetano Vinícius da Silva , de Andrade Raissa Silva Bacelar , França Luiz Felipe de Carvalho , Pessoa Larissa dos Santos , Rodrigues Ayane Araújo , Alves Even Herlany Pereira , Lenardo David Di , Nascimento Hélio Mateus Silva , Ayala Karen Neisman Rodriguez , Carvalho André dos Santos , Brito Tarcísio Vieira , Barbosa André Luiz dos Reis , Vasconcelos Any Carolina Cardoso Guimarães , Vasconcelos Daniel Fernando Pereira 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and multifactorial disease that affects the periodontal structures and can cause alterations in the hepatic tissue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a diet with food restriction can decrease oral and liver alterations associated with ligature‐induced periodontitis.MethodsTwenty‐four female Wistar rats were used in this study, randomized into three groups (n = 8 for each group): control (regular food); periodontitis (regular food + periodontitis induced with ligatures); and food restriction (diet with food restriction and periodontitis induction). The following periodontium parameters were analyzed tooth mobility (TM), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and alveolar bone height (ABH). In the liver, the levels of oxidative stress markers—malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), total cholesterol, and levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Liver samples were analyzed for histopathological score. In the blood tissue, the levels of enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, total cholesterol, and the high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) were also evaluated.ResultsThe animals that received a diet with food restriction + periodontitis showed a decrease in hepatic histopathological score (P < 0.05) when compared with the periodontitis group, the same for glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, and ABH data. The group with food restriction + periodontitis showed a decrease in the histopathological liver score (P < 0.05) compared with the group with periodontitis.ConclusionThis study revealed that food restriction reduced oral damages, as well as hepatic, blood and alveolar bone alterations associated with ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats.
Preoperative imaging of gastric GISTs underestimates pathologic tumor size: A retrospective, single institution analysis
Authors: Apte Sameer S. , Radonjic Aleksandar , Wong Boaz , Dingley Brittany , Boulva Kerianne , Chatterjee Avijit , Purgina Bibiana , Ramsay Timothy , Nessim Carolyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHow well imaging size agrees with pathologic size of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is unknown. GIST risk stratification is based on pathologic size, location, and mitotic rate. To inform decision making, the size discrepancy between imaging and pathology for gastric GISTs was investigated.MethodsImaging and pathology reports were reviewed for 113 patients. Bland–Altman analyses and intraclass correlation (ICC) assessed agreement of imaging and pathology. Changes in clinical risk category due to size discrepancy were identified.ResultsComputed tomography (CT) (n = 110) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) (n = 50) underestimated pathologic size for gastric GISTs by 0.42 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.11, 0.73), p = 0.008 and 0.54 cm, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.82), p < 0.001, respectively. ICCs were 0.94 and 0.88 for CT and EUS, respectively. For GISTs ≤ 3 cm, size underestimation was 0.24 cm for CT (n = 28), 95% CI: (0.01, 0.47), p = 0.039 and 0.56 cm for EUS (n = 26), 95% CI: (0.27, 0.84), p < 0.0001. ICCs were 0.72 and 0.55 for CT and EUS, respectively. Spearman's correlation was ≥0.84 for all groups. For GISTs ≤ 3 cm, 6/28 (21.4% p = 0.01) on CT and 7/26 (26.9% p = 0.005) on EUS upgraded risk category using pathologic size versus imaging size. No GISTs ≤ 3 cm downgraded risk categories. Size underestimation persisted for GISTs ≤ 2 cm on EUS (0.39 cm, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.72], p = 0.02, post hoc analysis).ConclusionImaging, particularly EUS, underestimates gastric GIST size. Caution should be exercised using imaging alone to risk‐stratify gastric GISTs, and to decide between surveillance versus surgery.
Development of hydrophilic magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the dispersive solid‐phase extraction of sulfonamides from animal‐derived samples before HPLC detection
Authors: Zhao Xiaolei , Lü Lei , Zhu Mengzhen , Liu Huilin , He Jinxing , Zheng Fuping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHighly hydrophilic magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared through a surface imprinting technique for dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography to detect trace levels of ten sulfonamides in animal‐derived samples. The obtained imprinted polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and adsorption experiments, which exhibited excellent specific adsorption for template sulfamethazine in aqueous solution. Moreover, the adsorption process could be completed within 25 min. Under the optimum conditions, the method exhibits good linear performance in the range of 5–to 10 mg/L, limits of detection ranging from 0.57 to 1.50 μg/L, and good recoveries of 85.09–110.93% in the spiked samples (chicken, cow milk, and goat milk). The proposed detection method not only avoids the use of organic solvents but also simplifies the pretreatment procedure via excellent magnetic properties. Furthermore, the method shows great potential for the rapid detection of drug residues.
Pixel CO2 Laser for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study
Authors: Franić Damir , Fistonić Ivan , Franić‐Ivanišević Maja , Perdija Željko , Križmarić Miljenko 
Published: April 2021

Background and ObjectivesEnergy‐based treatments have been found to be a promising treatment modality for improving stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms. This prospective two‐center study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of fractional‐pixel CO2 laser for the treatment of SUI.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEighty‐five women with SUI symptoms as per the cough stress test and validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI‐SF), were treated intravaginally with Pixel‐CO2 laser. Two treatment sessions were performed with a 1‐month interval. Safety and treatment tolerance were assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS) immediately and at 1 week after each laser treatment. Associations of age and body mass index (BMI) with the ICIQ‐UI‐SF score were statistically assessed by the Jonckheere–Terpstra test.ResultsThe ICIQ‐UI‐SF score was 12.0 at baseline, 7.0, after the first treatment, and 3.5 after the second treatment (P = 0.001). For women with BMI (25.0–29.9), the ICIQ‐UI‐SF score was 9.0 at the baseline, 6.0 after 1 month, and 5.0 at the 6 months follow‐up visit (P = 0.04). For women with BMI ≥ 30.0, the ICIQ‐UI‐SF score was reduced from 14.0 to 8.0 1 month after the baseline and 5.0 at the 6‐month follow‐up visit (P = 0.001). SUI severity evaluation at baseline showed that 27.1% of women had mild, 24.7% had moderate, 45.9% had severe, and 2.4% had very severe SUI symptoms. SUI severity scores were significantly reduced, with 45.8% of women with no SUI symptoms, 18.8% with mild, 20.8% with moderate, and 14.6% with severe SUI symptoms at the 6‐month follow‐up. The patient's evaluation of VAS after the first treatment was 1.0–1.5 (0–10) and 0.0 1 week after the second treatment.ConclusionFractional‐pixel CO2 laser is safe and effective for treating SUI. No adverse event or significant pain was reported during or after the procedure. Its safety and efficacy are clearly demonstrated. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Global and exponential attractors for a class of non‐Newtonian micropolar fluids
Authors: Ai Chengfei , Tan Zhong 
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we consider the long‐time behavior of weak solutions for the 2D autonomous non‐Newtonian micropolar fluids. By means of the method ofℓ‐trajectories introduced by Málek and Pražák, we first establish the existence of global attractor for solution semigroup {S(t)}t ≥ 0associated with (1)–(3) and estimate the fractal dimension of global attractor inH × L2(Ω) is finite. Then we derive the existence of exponential attractor for solution semigroup {S(t)}t ≥ 0associated with (1.1)‐(1.3) inH × L2(Ω).
Less Soak Time Saves Those upon the Line: Capture Times and Hooking Mortality of Sharks Caught on Bottom Longlines
Authors: Gulak Simon J. B. , Carlson John K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The National Marine Fisheries Service is mandated by the Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act to implement effective annual catch limits and accountability measures to prevent overfishing. These requirements compel further research into alternative fishing practices that could reduce mortality of sharks (class Chondrichthyes) and allow fishers to release unwanted sharks to the water alive, while still effectively catching targeted species. We used hook timers and temperature–depth recorders aboard contracted vessels and participants in the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Shark Research Fishery to collect hooking time and time-on-the-line data for 10 species of sharks that were commonly encountered in the fishery. A subset of standardized fishing sets compared the most popular circle hook and J-hook models. Over 60% of sharks were hooked within 4 h of hook soak time. The fastest to bite the hook was the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae and the slowest was the Dusky Shark Carcharhinus obscurus. Shark resilience to time on the longline varied among species, with Sandbar Shark C. plumbeus exhibiting the most resilience and Atlantic Sharpnose Shark the least. Shorter set soak times, approximately 2 h, would still maximize catch, while minimizing at-vessel mortality. The most frequently used circle hook model did not significantly reduce at-vessel mortality over large J-style hooks. The recent circle hook requirement will have little effect for fishers that previously used 12/0 J-hooks, but it may be beneficial by preventing the use of smaller J-hooks that are more likely to cause at-vessel mortality.
COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Croatia: A Population- and Registry-Based Study
Authors: Vrdoljak Eduard , Balja Melita Perić , Marušić Zlatko , Avirović Manuela , Blažičević Valerija , Tomasović Čedna , Čerina Dora , Bajić Žarko , Miše Branka Petrić , Lovasić Ingrid Belac , Flam Josipa , Tomić Snježana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to assess the effects of COVID-19 antiepidemic measures and subsequent changes in the function of the health care system on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the Republic of Croatia.Subjects, Materials, and MethodsWe performed a retrospective, population- and registry-based study during 2020. The comparator was the number of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer during 2017, 2018, and 2019. The outcome was the change in number of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases.ResultsThe average monthly percent change after the initial lockdown measures were introduced was −11.0% (95% confidence interval − 22.0% to 1.5%), resulting in a 24% reduction of the newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in Croatia during April, May, and June compared with the same period of 2019. However, during 2020, only 1% fewer new cases were detected than in 2019, or 6% fewer than what would be expected based on the linear trend during 2017–2019.ConclusionIt seems that national health care system measures for controlling the spread of COVID-19 had a detrimental effect on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in Croatia during the first lockdown. As it is not plausible to expect an epidemiological change to occur at the same time, this may result in later diagnosis, later initiation of treatment, and less favorable outcomes in the future. However, the effect weakened after the first lockdown and COVID-19 control measures were relaxed, and it has not reoccurred during the second COVID-19 wave. Although the COVID-19 lockdown affected the number of newly diagnosed breast cancers, the oncology health care system has shown resilience and compensated for these effects by the end of 2020.Implications for PracticeIt is possible to compensate for the adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic control measures on breast cancer diagnosis relatively promptly, and it is of crucial importance to do it as soon as possible. Moreover, as shown by this study's results on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases during the second wave of the pandemic, these adverse effects are preventable to a non-negligible extent.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic platforms for better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 induced pathogenesis and potential diagnostic approaches
Authors: Ahsan Nagib , Rao R. Shyama Prasad , Wilson Rashaun S. , Punyamurtula Ujwal , Salvato Fernanda , Petersen Max , Ahmed Mohammad Kabir , Abid M. Ruhul , Verburgt Jacob C. , Kihara Daisuke , Yang Zhibo , Fornelli Luca , Foster Steven B. , Ramratnam Bharat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile protein–protein interaction is the first step of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, recent comparative proteomic profiling enabled the identification of over 11,000 protein dynamics, thus providing a comprehensive reflection of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular system in response to viral infection. Here we summarize and rationalize the results obtained by various mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic approaches applied to the functional characterization of proteins and pathways associated with SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated infections in humans. Comparative analysis of cell‐lines versus tissue samples indicates that our knowledge in proteome profile alternation in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is still incomplete and the tissue‐specific response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can probably not be recapitulated efficiently by in vitro experiments. However, regardless of the viral infection period, sample types, and experimental strategies, a thorough cross‐comparison of the recently published proteome, phosphoproteome, and interactome datasets led to the identification of a common set of proteins and kinases associated with PI3K‐Akt, EGFR, MAPK, Rap1, and AMPK signaling pathways. Ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) was identified by 11 studies including all proteomic platforms, suggesting it as a potential future target for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies. We further discuss the potentials of future proteomics strategies for identifying prognostic SARS‐CoV‐2 responsive age‐, gender‐dependent, tissue‐specific protein targets.
A time‐dependent density function theory study on the substituent effect on excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer of 4′‐methoxy‐3‐hydroxyl flavone
Authors: Ni Mei , Liang Xiuning , Fang Hua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheoretical investigations on the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in the 4′‐methoxy‐3‐hydroxyl flavone (MHF) derivatives 4R‐MHF (R: COOH, CF3, and CN) are performed based on time‐dependent density function theory (TD‐DFT). According to our calculations, the intramolecular H bondings in 4R‐MHF (R: COOH, CF3, and CN) are weakened by the substituents, which would be unfavorable to ESIPT reaction. ESIPT processes in the 4R‐MHF (R: COOH, CF3, and CN) are slightly harder than that in MHF because the ESIPT barriers of 4R‐MHF (R: COOH, CF3, and CN) are on average 0.38 kcal/mol larger than that of MHF. The stronger the electron‐withdrawing ability, the larger is the ESIPT potential barrier.
Use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with lower hemoglobin levels in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gifford Alex H. , Sanville Julie L. , Sathe Meghana , Heltshe Sonya L. , Goss Christopher H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2‐receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are commonly prescribed to people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and/or protect pancreatic enzymes from degradation in the stomach. Acid suppressive medications (ASMs) could theoretically reduce hemoglobin (Hgb) levels by restricting enteral iron absorption, but evidence of an association between use of ASMs and lower Hgb levels is lacking in PwCF.MethodsWe used unadjusted and covariate‐adjusted generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to estimate the fixed effects of using versus never using ASMs on annual Hgb levels of PwCF in the U.S. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) from 2011 to 2017.ResultsThere were 9850 users and 9007 never‐users of ASMs from 2011 to 2017 who met inclusion criteria. Not adjusting for covariates, Hgb estimates were lower for male and female H2RA and/or PPI users versus never‐users. Adjusting for covariates, mean Hgb was 0.1 g/dl (95% CI: 0.03, 0.17) lower for males that exclusively used PPIs than it was for male never‐users of ASMs (p = .008). Adjusting for covariates, mean Hgb levels were 0.11 g/dl (95% CI: 0.04, 0.18) lower for females that exclusively used PPIs and 0.16 g/dl (95% CI: 0.05, 0.27) lower for females that used PPIs and H2RAs concurrently than it was for female never‐users of ASMs (p = .005 and p = .002 for respective comparisons).ConclusionsMales and females with cystic fibrosis (CF) who used PPIs and females with CF who concurrently used PPIs and H2RAs had lower Hgb levels than never‐users of ASMs of the same sex in the CFFPR from 2011 to 2017.