bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion of Hyperspectral Images. Looking at the structure of vegetal tissues: a case study.
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Adrián , Marro Mónica , Marsal Maria , Zacchetti Sara , de Oliveira Rodrigo Rocha , Loza-Alvarez Pablo , de Juan Anna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a useful non-invasive technique that offers spatial and chemical information of samples. Often, different HSI techniques are used to obtain complementary information from the sample by combining different image modalities (Image Fusion). However, issues related to the different spatial resolution, sample orientation or area scanned among platforms need to be properly addressed. Unmixing methods are helpful to analyze and interpret the information of HSI related to each of the components contributing to the signal. Among those, Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) offers very suitable features for image fusion, since it can easily cope with multiset structures formed by blocks of images coming from different samples and platforms and allows the use of optional and diverse constraints to adapt to the specific features of each HSI employed. In this work, a case study based on the investigation of cross-sections from rice leaves by Raman, synchrotron infrared and fluorescence imaging techniques is presented. HSI of these three different techniques are fused for the first time in a single data structure and analyzed by MCR-ALS. This example is challenging in nature and allows describing clearly the necessary steps required to perform unmixing in an image fusion context.
Prognostic Significance of the Albumin-to-globulin Ratio for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Pembrolizumab: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Taguchi Satoru , Kawai Taketo , Nakagawa Tohru , Nakamura Yu , Kamei Jun , Obinata Daisuke , Yamaguchi Kenya , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Kakutani Shigenori , Tokunaga Mayuko , Uemura Yukari , Sato Yusuke , Fujimura Tetsuya , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Enomoto Yutaka , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Takahashi Satoru , Kume Haruki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) is a promising biomarker, no study has investigated its prognostic significance for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). This study conformed to the REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies (REMARK) criteria. We retrospectively reviewed 176 patients with advanced UC treated with pembrolizumab between 2018 and 2020. We evaluated the associations between pretreatment clinicopathological variables, including the AGR and performance status (PS), with progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariable analyses. The AGR was dichotomized as < 0.95 and ≥ 0.95 based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. After excluding 26 cases with missing data from the total of 176 cases, 109 (73%) patients experienced disease progression, 75 (50%) died from UC, and 6 (4%) died of other causes (median survival = 12 months). Multivariate analyses identified PS ≥ 2 and pretreatment AGR < 0.95 as independent poor prognostic factors for all endpoints. Furthermore, a prognostic risk model incorporating these two variables achieved a relatively high concordance index for all endpoints. This is the first report to evaluate the significance of AGR in advanced UC. Pretreatment AGR < 0.95 may serve as a prognostic marker for advanced UC treated with pembrolizumab.
Distinct Infection Forms of SARS-CoV-2 Among People Living With HIV
Authors: Wu Mengmeng , Ming Fangzhao , Wu Songjie , Liu Yanbin , Zhang Xiaoxia , Guo Wei , Marly Gifty , Tang Weiming , Liang Ke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are immunodeficient, it is vague if they are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than HIV negative individuals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 857 PLWH and 1048 HIV negative individuals were enrolled from the Wuchang district in Wuhan, China. We compared the total rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the rate of COVID-19, asymptomatic carriers, and unapparent infectors in the two groups. The risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH were explored. Results: Fourteen out of 857 (1.63%) PLWH were infected with SARS-CoV-2, while 68 of 1048 (6.49%) HIV negative individuals were infected. In PLWH, there were 6 confirmed COVID-19 (0.70%), 4 asymptomatic carriers (0.47%) and 4 unapparent infectors (0.47%). In the HIV negative group, the cases of COVID-19, asymptomatic carrier, and unapparent infector were 5 (0.48%), 0 (0.00%), and 63 (6.01%), respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, and chronic comorbidities, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH was lower than that in HIV negative group (1.96% vs 5.74%, P=0.001). The morbidity of COVID-19 was similar between the two groups (P=0.107), but the rate of unapparent infection in PLWH was lower than that in the HIV negative group (0.54% vs 5.46%, P=0.001). Older age (aOR=4.50, 95%CI: 1.34-15.13, P=0.015) and OIs (aOR=9.59, 95%CI: 1.54-59.92, P=0.016) were risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH.Conclusions: PLWH has different infection forms of SARS-CoV-2 compared with the general population. Older age and OIs were considered to driving causes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH.
Endobronchial Brachytherapy as Definitive Treatment for Endobronchial Metastasis After Surgery of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ito Atsushi , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Kaneda Shinji , Kawaguchi Koji , Shimamoto Akira , Kubooka Makiko , Nomoto Yoshihito , Takao Motoshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Endobronchial metastasis is a very rare type of recurrence after lung cancer surgery. Surgical intervention may be difficult to perform due to the postoperative reduction in the activities of daily living (ADL) and the invasiveness associated with redo surgery. In such cases, endobronchial brachytherapy (EBBT) plays an important role not only as palliative treatment, but also as definitive treatment with curative intent.
Case presentation:

Three men (64, 69, and 74 years old) underwent combination therapy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and EBBT for endobronchial metastasis after lobectomy of Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 1 of adenocarcinoma. We used a special source-centralizing applicator for EBBT to avoid eccentric distribution of the radiation dose. Follow-up was considered to start from the end of brachytherapy. None of our patients experienced severe adverse events, and none needed extensive outpatient treatment. Local control was achieved in all cases by a bronchoscopic evaluation. All patients were alive after 31, 38, and 92 months of follow up, respectively. In the adenocarcinoma patient, two metastases to the lung were discovered three years after EBBT, and the patient underwent partial wedge resection.
Conclusions

EBBT may be a promising treatment with curative intent for endobronchial metastasis after surgery of NSCLC.
Data Science Applications in Pandemic: A survey on COVID-19 Outbreak Tools
Authors: Alzhrani Amal , Almalki Ahmad salem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While the world steps backward, Saudi Arabia took two steps forward. the Saudi Vision 2030 framework was launched in 2017 to create digital transformation in the various sector to improve the quality of life. The COVID-19 has made it possible to promote and test the strength of digital transformation and adoption. In Saudi Arabia, the use of artificial intelligence applications to integrate multiple data sources across potential outbreaks should be further discussed. Decreasing the number of smartphone apps and combining their features may also improve and encourage their use. In this paper, in this paper we present an exhaustive survey on COVID-19 outbreak tools/apps and the role of Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA).
Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Structural and Diffusion MRI Features of the Brain
Authors: Zamanpour Seyed Amir , Bigham Bahare , Sigari Mohamad-Hoseyn , Zare Hoda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Accurate, fast, and reliable diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is crucial for prescribing proper treatment and prevention of disease progression. At first glance, structural and diffusion MRI images, are affected by neurodegenerative proceedings in AD and MCI. In this study, we are looking for the most effective features to detect and differentiate between healthy normal control (NC), AD, and MCI groups by non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) method and propose the automatic multi-class classification using the structural and diffusion MRI Features of the brain. Methods: The structural and diffusion MRI data were downloaded from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database on three groups including AD, MCI, and NC subjects. Four famous classification models of machine learning were used to discover the best classification as a diagnostic tool for separation of the NC, AD and MCI groups. Results: Taken together, our results from this study lead to classify three groups for differentiation between the NC group and patients with MCI and AD, with average accuracy factor 89.9% for Support Vector Machine (SVM) and 91.9% for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using selected features. Conclusions: Top 9 regions repetitive of WM based on four types of features are the caudate nucleus, corpus callosum, hippocampus, para hippocampus, temporal gyrus, putamen nucleus, cingulate gyrus, the region of 36 and 3 Brodmann. Therefore, these regions could be considered for identifying, monitoring, and future drug trials that could target this brain region to AD and MCI Management.
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression as the First Manifestation of Malignancy – A Retrospective Study of Surgical Outcome from Single Institution Spine Tumor Registry
Authors: Ho Ue-Cheung , Lai Dar-Ming , Xiao Fu-Ren , Yang Shih-Hung , Chen Chang-Mu , Tsuang Fon-Yih 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Given the limited studies addressing the issue about the effect of different surgical modalities for metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) as the first malignancy manifestation, we conducted a retrospective case-control study to evaluate the surgical outcome of MSCC as the first malignancy manifestation. A total of 59 patients who were suspected of having metastatic spinal cord compression and underwent surgery from 2008 to 2017 were enrolled in the study. All patients were categorized into either ‘debulking group’ or ‘palliative group’. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), Frankel scale, and Karnofsky scores. All the outcomes were analyzed with a data cutoff of December 31, 2017. There was a significant difference between groups in progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.0036). However, there was no significant difference between groups in the overall survival (OS) (p = 0.8669). Age of onset, gender, duration of symptoms, and location of spinal metastasis, initial Frankel, initial Tomita scores, and initial Karnofsky performance scale showed no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, debulking surgery was shown to provide better neurological recoveries and could be considered first in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression as the first malignancy manifestation.
Women’s Experiences of a Specialist Antenatal Service for Pregnancies After a Stillbirth or Neonatal Death: A Qualitative Interview Study and Social Return on Investment Analysis
Authors: Thomas Suzanne , Stephens Louise , Mills Tracey A , Hughes Christine , Arundale A. Michael , Smith Debbie M , Heazell Alexander E. P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Pregnancy after the death of a baby is associated with a series of emotional and psychological challenges for pregnant women and their families. Specialist antenatal services have been proposed to address the increased biomedical and psychological risks in pregnancies after perinatal death. This study aimed to explore the pregnancy and postnatal experiences of women in a pregnancy after a perinatal death who were attending a specialist antenatal service and to evaluate the economic impact of the service.Methods To explore women’s views and experiences of care during their pregnancy this study used face-to-face semi-structured interviews following a topic guide comprising of four sections (history leading to care pathway, their experience of coping with new pregnancy after loss, support and advice for others). Following inductive thematic analysis, a deductive approach was taken to map themes to Stroebe and Schutt’s Dual Process Model of Grief.A Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis informed by contributions from a subgroup of women and staff participants. Information was obtained from focus groups discussions, questionnaires and interviews. The SROI was reported as the ratio of the value generated by the clinic and the costs of providing the service.Results Thematic analysis of interviews (n=20) described how perinatal death was a quiet, unspoken subject and that navigating subsequent pregnancies relied on expecting the worst and hoping for the best. Mapping these themes onto the Dual Process Model of Grief found being pregnant complicated the grieving process, as increased awareness of the risk of stillbirth drew parents’ focus back to loss. Attendance at a specialist service was valued; SROI analysis found that for £1 invested, £6.10 of value was generated, mostly relating to the birth of a live baby, reduced negative psychological symptoms and fewer focussed contacts with health professionals.Conclusions Specialist antenatal care in pregnancies after perinatal death was viewed favourably by parents. Women’s experiences can be used to synthesise and develop models of care that aim to meet their needs but comparative studies are required to determine whether these models are superior to routine high-risk care and to identify which components are most valued.
Clinical Characteristics and Multi-Model Imaging Analysis of Moyamoya Disease: An Observational Study
Authors: Qin Bing , Gao Liansheng , Xu Weilin , Li Tao , Ocak Umut , Chen Gao , wang lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study was to analyze the clinical features and imaging characteristics of moyamoya disease (MMD) and to explore the significance of multi-model imaging in the diagnosis of MMD. A retrospective analysis of the clinical features, imaging characteristics, and treatment of 78 adult MMD patients enrolled from March 2010 to March 2013 was performed. The MMD patients in our series were between 23 and 53 years old, and the male to female ratio was 4:1. The main clinical manifestations were sensory abnormalities, headache, and motor dysfunction, depending on the type of MMD. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was detected in 54 patients (69.2％), cerebral infarction in 20 (25.6％), and ICH together with cerebral infarction in 4 (5.1%). Using computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), stenotic or occlusive lesions were observed in the internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and middle cerebral artery. Aneurysms accompanying MMD were found in 17 of the patients (21.8％). Ultimately, 21 patients underwent multiple burr-hole surgery and 57 underwent bypass surgery with or without temporalis muscle sticking. Fourteen patients underwent aneurysm embolization. The clinical manifestations of MMD vary, though the most common is ICH. DSA is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of MMD, and should be performed as early as possible in clinically suspected cases. CTA and MRA are non-invasive techniques used for MMD patient screening and follow-up.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers in PBMC of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results from Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Sun Yan , Wang Chen-chen , Wang Fu-quan , Chen Rui , Yao Chun-lin , Wu Yan , Lin Yun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe discovery of biomarkers has become an attractive field in studying autoimmune diseases. For example, in the study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), various biomarkers such as genes and miRNAs have been identified for the diagnosis of SLE and its organ involvement. ResultsThe expression data of gene microarray GSE50772 was downloaded from the GEO, and 257 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by using limma plug-in for R software. The tissue-specific gene expression analyses were performed in BioGPS database. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with STRING and visualized in Cytoscape. Whereafter, top twenty hub genes derived from the PPI network, could basically differentiate the SLE samples from the non-SLE samples, were ascertained through CytoHubba. What is noticeable is that the five novel hub genes ( ORM1, SLPI, OLFM4, TCN1 and CRISP3) and a related miRNA (hsa-let-7e-5p) may be considered as candidate biomarkers of SLE. ConclusionsFive genes (ORM1, SLPI, OLFM4, TCN1 and CRISP3) and a miRNA(hsa-let-7e-5p) in this discovery-driven study may become potential biomarkers for diagnosing SLE and assessing its organ damage, and they also will provide valuable information on the pathogenesis of SLE.
A Feasibility Study to Assess Non-clinical Community Health Workers’ Capacity to use Simplified Protocols and Tools to Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition in Niger State Nigeria
Authors: Adesoro Olatunde , Oresanya Olusola , Counihan Helen , Hamade Prudence , Eguavon Dare , Emebo Chika , Marron Bethany , Kozuki Naoko , Isah Amina , Gimba Patrick , Isokpunwu Chris Osa , Maxwell Kolawole , Tibenderana James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major determinant of childhood mortality and morbidity. Although integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illnesses is a strategy for increasing access to life-saving treatment, malnutrition is not properly addressed in the guidelines. This study aimed to determine whether non-clinical Community Health Workers (called Community-Oriented Resource Persons, CORPs) implementing iCCM could use simplified tools to treat uncomplicated SAM.Methods: The study used a sequential mixed-method design and was conducted between July 2017 and May 2018. Sixty CORPs already providing iCCM services were trained and deployed in their communities with the target of enrolling 290 SAM cases. Competency of CORPs to treat and the treatment outcomes of enrolled children were documented. SAM cases with MUAC of 9cm to < 11.5cm without medical complications were treated for up to 12 weeks. Full recovery was at MUAC≥12.5cm for two consecutive weeks. Supervision and quantitative data capturing were done weekly while qualitative data were collected after the intervention.Results: CORPs scored 93.1% on first assessment and increment of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05 – 0.18) points per additional supervision conducted. The cure rate from SAM to full recovery, excluding referrals from the denominator in line with the standard for reporting SAM recovery rates, was 73.5% and the median length of treatment was seven weeks. SAM cases enrolled at 9cm to <10.25cm MUAC had 29% less likelihood of recovery compared to those enrolled at 10.25cm to <11.5cm. CORPs were not burdened by the integration of SAM into iCCM and felt motivated by children’s recovery. Operational challenges like bad terrains for supervision, supply chain management and referrals were reported by supervisors, while Government funding was identified as key for sustainability.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that with training and supportive supervision, CORPs in Nigeria can treat SAM among under-fives, and refer complicated cases using simplified protocols as part of an iCCM programme. This approach seemed acceptable to all stakeholders, however, the effect of the extra workload of integrating SAM into iCCM on the quality of care provided by the CORPs should be assessed further.
The Effect of Different Vitrification Protocols on Cell Survival in Human Ovarian Tissue: A Pilot Study
Authors: Marschalek Julian , Egarter Christian , Nouri Kazem , Dekan Sabine , Ott Johannes , Frank Maria , Pietrowski Detlef 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVitrification has superseded the slow freezing method for cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos, and sperm, but there are yet no standard protocols for its use in ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC). Published protocols diverse mainly in the supplementation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the vitrification medium and the use of an open or closed vitrification system. We investigated the vitality of ovarian tissue of transgender patients by Fluorescence Activated Cells Sorting (FACS) and histomorphological analyses using a DMSO-containing (P1) and a DMSO-free protocol (P2) in an open or closed vitrification setting. ResultsTwelve ovarian samples were donated from female-to-male transgender patients: 6 were vitrified according to protocol 1, the other 6 according to protocol 2. The amount of vital cells was 90.1% (P1) and 88.4% (P2) before vitrification. After vitrification and subsequent warming, vital cells were reduced to 82.9% (P1, p=0.093) and 72.4% (P2, p=0.019). When comparing the closed and the open systems, the decline in cell vitality from pre- to post-vitrification was significant only for the latter (p= 0.037). Histological examination reveals no significant differences with respect to degenerated follicles before or after vitrification. ConclusionThese results lend support to the hypothesis that a protocol containing DMSO results in a higher vitality of ovarian cells than a protocol that uses ethylene glycol as cryoprotective agent in vitrification. The use of an open vitrification system led to significant decline in the rate of vital cells. Trial registration: NCT03649087, retrospectively registered 28.08.2018
“Epidemiology of Short QT Interval in Phase I of Kherameh Cohort Study: A Population-based Study on 4,363 Subjects in Southern Iran”
Authors: Nikoo Mohammad Hossein , Heiran Alireza , Mashayekh Fardin , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Shiravani Abbas , Azadian Fatemeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims: Short QT-interval is a condition that bear the suspicion of short QT syndrome (SQTS). SQTS is known to increase risk of life-threatening arrythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Due to the insufficient population-based studies and use of various QT cut-off values it accounts for as an undiagnosed condition. In this study, we sought for prevalence of short QT interval in Kherameh cohort study, one of the southern sectors of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN).Methods: Data of 4,363 adult subjects were analyzed from phase 1 of the cohort during 2014-2017. The corrected QT (QTc) intervals were calculated and electrocardiograms (ECGs) with QTc of less than 370 milliseconds (msec) were reanalyzed for bradycardia, early repolarization, atrial fibrillation (AF), arrhythmias, and other electrical conduction abnormalities. Results: Seventy-two subjects (1.65%) had a QTc of less than 370msec (mean QTc of 360.72±11.72). A male predominance and a lower mean heart rate observed in SQTS susceptible group (M/F of 1/0.26 vs. 1/1.145, p-value<0.0001; 58.389±9.787 vs. 70.899±11.775; p-value<0.0001) compare to the subjects with normal QTc. At least, 2 subjects with high-probability SQTS and 3 with intermediate-probability SQTS identified. The frequency of AF, syncope, bradycardia, early repolarization, low voltage ECG, and infantile SCD in first- and second-degree relatives were 16.67, 4.17, 33.33, 11.11, 6.94, 11.11%, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of short QT interval in our cohort was in line with previous studies. The higher proportions of cardiac symptoms, familial SCDs and ECG derived specific findings amongst SQTS-susceptible index persons than non-short QT interval normal population might implicate in gene study and family screening.