bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss and Nostalgia
Authors: Shams Fatemeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The war ended in a ceasefire in 1988, followed a few months later by the death of the nation’s charismatic leader, Khomeini, in 1989, plunging the beleaguered country into social, political and cultural chaos. Conformist poets reacted with conflict and division, struggling to regain consensus in the wake of multiple strands of loss. This chapter analyzes the ideological ruptures and transformations experienced by these poets, and demonstrates how, to stabilize and make sense of the present, poets turned to yet another round of co-option of a distant literary past. In this chapter, the co-option of the medieval form of elegy (marsieh) will be scrutinized to show how the official poets returned to tradition to find suitable coping mechanisms to deal with three forms of loss: the loss of a charismatic leader, the losses caused by the war and the loss of a revolutionary utopia.
Balance
Authors: Larsen Signe Rehling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter is about the internal contradictions of the federation as a political form manifest in its dual telos, that is, the creation of an ‘ever closer union’ and the protection of the autonomy and diversity of its Member States. The endurance of the federation is predicated on a balance between these forces and the absence of existential conflicts between its Member States. This can be achieved if there is a relative political homogeneity among the Member States. The substance of this homogeneity is not ‘natural’ or ‘pregiven’ but rather a political and constitutional construct unique to any given federation. The political homogeneity set out by the constitutional order of the EU is a part of the post-WWII project of ‘constrained democracy’, a project that has been more dominant in some Member States than others. As the rise of authoritarianism in Poland and Hungary shows, the EU’s constitutional equilibrium is precarious.
Emergency Rule without a Sovereign
Authors: Larsen Signe Rehling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter is about constitutional defence and emergency politics in the federation. It shows that the government of the Eurozone crisis is a manifestation of federal emergency politics. This explains why the dominant theories of the ‘state of exception’, modelled on the political form of the state, do not apply to the EU. The chapter first develops a theory of federal constitutional defence based on the theory and praxis of the antebellum United States (the doctrine of states’ rights) and the nineteenth-century German Confederation (the theory of federal execution and federal intervention). On this basis, the chapter then analyses both ‘Euro-crisis law’ and the contestation of the emergency government of the Eurozone crisis by EU Member States, importantly the Gauweiler and Weiss cases. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the precariousness of federal emergency politics in general and the balance struck with the ‘Greek crisis’ in particular.
Foreign Investor Rights and Investment Relations
Authors: Perrone Nicolás M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Investment treaties and ISDS serve not just to resolve disputes between states and foreign investors. Through interpreting foreign investor rights, they also help structure foreign investment relations. This chapter leaves the norm entrepreneurs of the late 1950s and 1960 aside to develop an analytical framework for examining how the rights of foreign investors can contribute to defining their role in and relations with states and local communities. It examines the type of rights that make foreign investment projects, their purpose, and different ways of looking at the interface between these rights, states’ right to regulate, and local communities. A transnational and socio-legal approach to property and contracts informs the analysis. The remainder of the chapter focuses on the importance of ISDS for foreign investor rights, examining the normative and distributive implications of this dispute resolution mechanism.
Local Communities and ISDS
Authors: Perrone Nicolás M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Foreign investors and states frequently cooperate to facilitate investment projects in the natural resource sector. National elites tend to be involved in these cases, acting like partners to the foreign investors, because they often benefit economically and have an interest in the continuation of extractivism. Meanwhile, local communities are in a weak position, with limited or no public support and few legal options. They may still resist a project, sometimes forcing the state to cancel it, yet cancellation may only be a pyrrhic victory. Foreign investors can rely on investment treaties and ISDS to interpret and enforce the political signals and givings granted by the host state. The cases analysed in this chapter show how ISDS tribunals overlook investor misconduct and the context of extractivist projects while making local communities invisible.
Feeling Like It
Authors: Schapiro Tamar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Feeling like doing something is not the same as deciding to do it. When you feel like doing something, you are still free to decide to do it or not. You are having an inclination to do it, but you are not thereby determined to do it. I call this the moment of drama. This book is about what you are faced with, in this moment. How should you relate to the inclinations you “have,” given that you are free to “act on” them or not? To answer this question, we need an account of what sort of thing we are relating to, in this moment. But here we find a genuine philosophical problem. Our inclinations are forms of motivation, with respect to which we are distinctively passive. To be motivated is to be self-moved. But how can we be passive in relation to our own self-movement? Is our relation to our inclinations like that of rider to horse? Or is it like our relation to our own, spontaneous judgments or perceptions? I lay out three constraints on any theory of inclination, and I argue that familiar theories fail to meet them, because they make being inclined to φ too similar or dissimilar to φ-ing. I then put forward the “inner animal” view, which holds that when you are merely inclined to act, the instinctive part of yourself is already active, while the rest of you is not. In this moment, your will is “at a crossroads.” You can humanize your inclination, or dehumanize yourself.
A Holy Being, Creating
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores how exclusive acceptance of the holiness framework transforms how we approach perennial problems of creation, evil, and divine hiddenness. Because creation is an intimate relationship between God and other things, and all such other things are limited in goodness, the holiness framework entails that God has standing reasons not to create at all. The problem of evil, under the holiness framework, is not about evil’s justification, but just about God’s having to be intimately related to it, given its existence—the holiness framework entails that God has motivation not to be intimately related to what is evil, but God has to be intimately related to it, given its existence and God’s intimate relationship to all that exists. And as being known by is an intimate relationship, God would have reason to remain hidden rather than known by us limited, imperfect persons. God’s willingness to be intimately related to this world is against the reasons given by divine holiness, and is accounted for only through the reasons of love for us that God graciously, contingently acts upon.
Divine Love, Divine Holiness, and the Atonement
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The chapter contrasts what we should expect and require from a theory of Atonement if we take divine action to be governed by the holiness framework and if we do not. The primary foil is Eleonore Stump’s unqualifiedly and exclusively love framework account of the Atonement. Stump’s way of categorizing theories of the Atonement based on whether the obstacle to union with God is in us or in God is inadequate; rather, the appropriate distinction is between views that take the obstacle to be psychological (as Stump’s own view does) or normative (as satisfaction and penal substitution views do). By Stump’s own lights, the way in which past sin is an obstacle to union with God requires a normative treatment, and the holiness framework provides a plausible explanation of this: so long as such past sin is not dealt with, it normatively precludes the fuller unity with God that is constitutive of our good.
Divine Humility
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is plain from Scripture that we should think that there is some sense in which God exhibits humility. We thus need a conception of humility that is compatible with its being a feature exhibited by God. The most promising such conception is that of a disposition not to invoke reasons of status when deciding whether to act for the sake of other worthwhile ends. Such reasons of status are ascribed to God in the holiness framework. God is humble insofar as God has not stood on God’s status by refraining from creating at all; or, having created, by leaving us entirely to our own devices and not revealing Godself to us; or, even if revealed to us, refraining from becoming incarnate as one of us. It is a further positive feature of the holiness framework that it enables us to illuminate God’s nearly unthinkable humility.
Heidegger's Metaphysical Abyss
Authors: Cykowski Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This book provides a critical study of Heidegger’s reflections on animality, which are presented most extensively in his 1929–30 lecture course The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics. In these lectures Heidegger poses two provocative metaphysical theses: the human, he claims, is ‘world-forming’, whereas the animal is ‘poor in world’. Contemporary secondary literature has emphatically criticised these theses on account of the objection that they forge an ‘abyss of essence’ between human and non-human organisms. The theses undermine scientific developments by breaking apart the biological continuum in order to secure the human within in its own unique category, all the while leaving the world-poor animal on the other side of the abyss. Heidegger thus reinstates an outmoded dualism that he ought, on his own terms, to renounce: human versus animal. Via a close examination of The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics, one that also draws on other places within Heidegger’s corpus where the theme of animality features, the book aims to clarify the true meaning, scope, and significance of Heidegger’s theses. It seeks to show that Heidegger’s examination of animality points beyond the vestiges of received dualisms back to a more essential way of philosophising about life and the human’s relationship to it. The book concludes that Heidegger’s intention is to examine and illuminate, rather than simply to repeat the orthodox metaphysical hierarchies that we have inherited, and his exploration of animality raises deep questions about the status of the human within nature that remain vitally important to this day.
The Metaphysical Context of Heidegger’s Animal Analysis
Authors: Cykowski Beth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a detailed exegesis of the neglected opening passages of the lecture course in which Heidegger clarifies the aims of his project. These passages contain the metaphysical context we need to assess Heidegger’s reflections on animality. We discover from them that Heidegger takes as his primary aim not the production of a comparative account of animal life, but rather the extension of a kind of ‘invitation’ to learn about what philosophy is and to do philosophy for ourselves. It is against the backdrop of this wider project that Heidegger comes to the animal, using the concept of animality to deepen his exploration in the lecture course of metaphysics as a distinctively human activity and its relation to the sciences.
Content, Context, and Logic
Authors: Stojnić Una 
Published: March 2021

Non-propositionalism has additionally been fueled by the fact that modals and conditionals seem to give raise to failure of classical patterns of inference, for instance, modus ponens and modus tollens. Since non-propositionalist accounts typically invalidate some of these patterns of inference, the apparent counterexamples have been taken as further data in support of such treatments. This chapter argues that this is a mistaken reaction to the apparent counterexamples. The seeming violations of classical patterns of inference yet again result from a faulty assumption of the extra-linguistic account of context-sensitivity resolution, and a failure to account for the effects of discourse conventions on the interpretation of modal discourse. The chapter’s account of modality, which treats them as prominence-sensitive expressions whose interpretation is determined by discourse conventions, predicts and explains the apparent counterexamples, while nevertheless preserving classical logic.
Introduction to the Evolution of the South Korean Developmental State
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-ki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores key questions of this book, including not only why Korea was able to achieve such sustained economic success from the 1960s to the 2010s, but also to what extent and why the Korean economy has changed. After critically reviewing prevalent theories including neoliberalism, the Global Production Networks, and the institutionalist developmental state (DS) theory, this chapter proposes a theoretical alternative by emphatically reviving the politics among diverse actors. In order to better account for endogenous changes and sustained economic success over a long period, this chapter suggests institutional adaptability and endogenous changes through elite competition.
Continuation of Developmentalism across Administrations
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-ki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the 2010s, Korea continued its state-led developmentalism, including the Special Law for Parts and Materials and the New Growth Engine Promotion policy, across ideologically different governments. Korea’s state-led developmentalism was mainly realized through competitive politics within as well as outside the state, rather than by simple repetition of a developmental mindset or old institutional legacy. By exploring the industrial politics of three administrations—Roh Moo-hyun (2003–07), Lee Myung-bak (2008–12), and Park Geun-hye (2013–17), as well as the Moon administration (2017–present)—this chapter examines how the Korean state continued its developmentalism across ideologically different administrations. This chapter first studies why the Roh Moo-hyun administration continued with state-led developmentalism, rather than pursue the economic democratization proposed by the original supporters of Roh Moo-hyun. Then, it examines how Korean state-led developmentalism continues across ideologically different governments by focusing on competition and conflicts within the state.
The Formation of the Italian Administrative Justice System, European Common Principles of Administrative Law, and ‘Jurisdictionalization’ of Administrative Justice in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Mazzamuto Marco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study deals with the formation of the Italian administrative justice system and its French derivation. The analysis therefore extends into the wider European context in the nineteenth century, showing the existence of European common principles of administrative law and providing reasons that explain why the administrative justice system achieved a citizen protection superior to that of the civil law tradition. Finally, the chapter focuses on the consequences of the process of ‘jurisdictionalization’ of administrative justice, suggesting that the gracieuse origins of administrative justice was more easily saved in systems, such as the French or Italian system, in which the ‘same’ administrative bodies in exercising administrative justice formally became administrative courts.
Introduction
Authors: Ingram Jenni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Learning is a social and interactional endeavour, involving interactions between students and the teacher, between students themselves, and between all of these participants and the mathematics. By focusing on the process of learning itself in classroom interactions, the intersubjective negotations enabled by interactional structures and practices become visible. Detailed analysis of these interactional structures and practices, such as those offered in this book, can not only contribute to our understanding of the complex process of learning mathematics, but can also reveal opportunities to use and deviate from these structures.
Turn-taking
Authors: Ingram Jenni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is an almost universal pattern and structure to classroom interaction that both constrains what teachers and students can do, but also offers opportunities to use these structures to support the learning of mathematics. Turn taking structures that dominate learning interactions may control who can speak when and what can be said but turns can include a wide range of actions that constitute what it means to learn or do mathematics. It is through the deviations from these structures, such as when students speak ‘out of turn’, that these opportunities become clear. This reveals opportunities for teachers to work both within these structures, but also where deviations from these structures can also support learning. For example, by manipulating the wait time that can arise between turns in classroom interactions.
Trouble in Interaction
Authors: Ingram Jenni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Making mistakes is part of learning mathematics but these mistakes can be handled in many different ways which in turn can lead to the process of making mistakes and learning from them very different. Using the conversation analytic idea of repair, and the associated preference organisation of repair, the implicit messages that the handling of mistakes can give is revealed. This structure around the preference organisation of repair is used by many teachers to encourage students to offer explanations and justifications that are a fundamental part of learning and doing mathematics.
Doing Mathematics
Authors: Ingram Jenni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Learning mathematics is a way of acting. Mathematics is something that you do, not just something you know. Yet what it means to do mathematics can depend upon the norms and sociomathematical norms in each classroom. In turn, what it means to do mathematics in a classroom affects what it means to be a student or a teacher of mathematics. This doing of mathematics can be about communicating and problem solving, or it can be about remembering and knowing. Similarly, what it means to explain, argue, or justify varies between classrooms and the opportunities for students to do mathematics are constrained by what it means to do mathematics in each and every mathematics classroom.
Final Thoughts
Authors: Ingram Jenni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mathematics classroom interactions are both intricate and complex. They are contingent upon the contexts in which they occur but can both open up and close down opportunities to do mathematics in different ways. What it means to be successfully participating in the learning of mathematics can be challenged by considering how learning mathematics is contingently produced and negotiated. Conversation analytic approaches describe in detail the various, and often contrasting, paths that teachers and students follow as they interaction in mathematics classrooms. Yet there is so much more to discover about this process of mathematics learning as it happens in the classroom.
Discovery
Authors: Gamble Clive 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The narrative starts at breakfast in the northern French town of Abbeville on the River Somme. Prestwich and Evans are joined by the pioneering, but eccentric antiquary Jacques Boucher de Perthes. They are here to inspect his claims for stone tools found alongside the bones of extinct ice age animals. If they can verify his claim, then the time revolution has begun. The reasons why Boucher de Perthes has been ignored are touched on as the three visit the gravel pits of the town, looking at the evidence. Lunch allows them to study Boucher de Perthes’s huge collection of flints and antiquities, including his strange stone sculptures. They are interrupted by a telegram and leave for Amiens. The train journey from Abbeville to Amiens is used to reflect on how they built their scientific case from facts, not theories. Once in Amiens they are taken by Charles Pinsard to the gravel pits at St Acheul, where they find, and photograph, the evidence they came for. The circumstances of the discovery are described in their own words.
Reception
Authors: Gamble Clive 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The timescale now stretches to the year following the presentation of the evidence. They are warned by Charles Kingsley to expect clerical opposition, but it is slow in coming. Instead, there is a lively debate in the papers about the status of the stone tools and how to account for them. These ideas are set against Herbert Spencer’s view that all life and culture proceeds from the simple to the complex. Are Evans and Prestwich tapping into his idea of progress rather than Darwin’s natural selection, which appears later in the year? The chapter explores when, in 1859, historians such as Buckle, Macaulay, and Freeman thought history began. Their views contrast with the Northern Antiquaries of Scandinavia, who had proposed an earlier prehistoric period before written records. The time revolution had to be fitted into this scheme, and Lubbock was instrumental in finding it room. The time revolution set out to correct bad geology. The timescale of Genesis was simply wrong, although further confrontation with religious beliefs troubled Prestwich. The time revolutionaries were supported by the furore surrounding Essays and Reviews, published in 1860, where clerics challenged the Church’s authority on these matters. The question of how old the artefacts were is examined. They had no means of scientifically measuring age and remained sceptical of conjecture. Their suggestions are compared with those adopted by geologists such as Lyell and Phillips for physical changes in the earth.
Business Lobbying in the European Union
Authors: Coen David , Katsaitis Alexander , Vannoni Matia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At a time when Europe and business stand at crossroads, this study provides a perspective into how business representation in the EU has evolved and valuable insights into how to organize lobbying strategies and influence policy-making. Uniquely, the study analyses business lobbying in Brussels by drawing on insights from political science, public management, and business studies. At the macro-level, we explore over thirty years of increasing business lobbying and explore the emergence of a distinct European business-government relations style. At the meso-level, we assess how the role of EU institutions, policy types, and the policy cycle shape the density and diversity of business activity. Finally, at the micro-level we seek to explore how firms organize their political affairs functions and mobilized strategic political responses. The study utilizes a variety of methods to analyse business-government relations drawing on unique company and policy-maker surveys; in-depth case studies and elite interviews; large statistical analysis of lobbying registers to examine business the density and diversity; and managerial career path and organizational analyses to assess corporate political capabilities. In doing so, this study contributes to discussions on corporate political strategy and interest groups activity. This monograph should be of interest to public policy scholars, policy-makers, and businesses managers seeking to understand EU government affair and political representation.