bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contributions of individual countries and regions to the global radiative forcing
Authors: Fu Bo , Li Bengang , Gasser Thomas , Tao Shu , Ciais Philippe , Piao Shilong , Balkanski Yves , Li Wei , Yin Tianya , Han Luchao , Han Yunman , Peng Siyuan , Xu Jing 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Radiative forcing (RF) is commonly used to describe the change in net radiative flux because of external drivers. Climate change is caused by human activities of all countries, and mitigating climate change requires global joint efforts. It is important to attribute global RF to country scale. At present, developed countries still have greater responsibilities for climate change. Meanwhile, the contribution of developing countries has increased. It is worth noting that the emissions of developing countries include a large amount of negative RF components such as aerosols, masking RF because of greenhouse gases significantly. However, negative RF components in developing countries will be reduced for air quality in the future, which will affect the ultimate purpose of the Paris Agreement.
Heritable variation in telomere length predicts mortality in Soay sheep
Authors: Froy Hannah , Underwood Sarah L. , Dorrens Jennifer , Seeker Luise A. , Watt Kathryn , Wilbourn Rachael V. , Pilkington Jill G. , Harrington Lea , Pemberton Josephine M. , Nussey Daniel H. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Telomeres play an important role in aging, and having relatively short telomeres is associated with an increased risk of death in humans and other animals. Telomere length is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, both of which could potentially drive the positive association with survival. We used lifelong telomere length measurements from a population of wild sheep to disentangle this relationship. Our analyses reveal a genetic correlation between telomere length and longevity but no association between telomere shortening and mortality risk. These findings have important implications for our understanding of telomere dynamics and their role in health and lifespan.
Human hand as a powerless and multiplexed infrared light source for information decryption and complex signal generation
Authors: An Shun , Shang Wen , Jiang Modi , Luo Yini , Fu Benwei , Song Chengyi , Tao Peng , Deng Tao 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceThe utilization of electricity-powered light sources as external stimuli is limited by the cost and energy loss. Here we demonstrate that the human hand can be used as a natural IR light source without the need of external power. As each finger can serve as an independent light source, the hand can also be utilized as a multiplexed IR light source. This work provides a different insight on using the hand in a functional system, such as the information encryption and complex signal generation systems demonstrated here, which will help move forward the effort in the integration of human components into various systems to increase the level of intelligence and achieve ultimate control of these systems.
Declining greenness in Arctic-boreal lakes
Authors: Kuhn Catherine , Butman David 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Arctic and boreal regions are undergoing dramatic warming and also possess the world’s highest concentration of lakes. However, ecological changes in lakes are poorly understood. We present a continental-scale trend analysis of satellite lake color in the green wavelengths, which shows declining greenness from 1984 to 2019 in Arctic-boreal lakes across western North America. Annual 30-m Landsat composites indicate lake greenness has decreased by 15%. Our findings show a relationship between lake color, rising air temperatures, and increasing precipitation, supporting the theory that warming may be increasing connectivity between lakes and surrounding landscapes. Overall, our results bring a powerful set of observations in support of the hypothesis that lakes are sentinels for global change in rapidly warming Arctic-boreal ecosystems.
Mechanics of two filaments in tight orthogonal contact
Authors: Grandgeorge Paul , Baek Changyeob , Singh Harmeet , Johanns Paul , Sano Tomohiko G. , Flynn Alastair , Maddocks John H. , Reis Pedro M. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Knots, knits, and weaves have been technologically essential across civilizations, and their significance remains undiminished today. In these systems, it is challenging to understand the equilibria of the deformable filaments with their tight contacts due to the intricate geometry of touching tubular volumes of small, but nonvanishing, radius. This article considers a specific canonical context for filaments in contact: the orthogonal clasp. We quantify the significant mismatches between the physical reality of orthogonal clasps and the simplifying assumptions underpinning conventional descriptive models, such as the classic capstan equation. Nevertheless, we show that a simple, geometric model qualitatively captures the striking localization patterns in the observed contact-pressure fields.
Topological defects produce kinks in biopolymer filament bundles
Authors: Slepukhin Valentin M. , Grill Maximilian J. , Hu Qingda , Botvinick Elliot L. , Wall Wolfgang A. , Levine Alex J. 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceA common structural motif for stress-bearing intracellular structures and tissues is a network of filament bundles. When observed in optical microscopy, these bundles often show localized bends—kinks—in their contour even though the stress-free state of their constituent filaments is straight. Using a combination of analytical mechanics and large-scale, finite-element Brownian dynamics simulations, we show that the optically observable kinks are related to topological defects in the interior, nanoscale structure of the bundle. Moreover, the kinks are more compliant to bending than the rest of the bundle. As a result, defected bundle networks must contain a random distribution of soft hinges, which, being the most compliant elastic elements, control the low-energy excitations of these bundle networks.
Integrated mutational landscape analysis of uterine leiomyosarcomas
Authors: Choi Jungmin , Manzano Aranzazu , Dong Weilai , Bellone Stefania , Bonazzoli Elena , Zammataro Luca , Yao Xiaotong , Deshpande Aditya , Zaidi Samir , Guglielmi Adele , Gnutti Barbara , Nagarkatti Nupur , Tymon-Rosario Joan R. , Harold Justin , Mauricio Dennis , Zeybek Burak , Menderes Gulden , Altwerger Gary , Jeong Kyungjo , Zhao Siming , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei , Ravaggi Antonella , Bignotti Eliana , Romani Chiara , Todeschini Paola , Zanotti Laura , Odicino Franco , Pecorelli Sergio , Ardighieri Laura , Bilguvar Kaya , Quick Charles M. , Silasi Dan-Arin , Huang Gloria S. , Andikyan Vaagn , Clark Mitchell , Ratner Elena , Azodi Masoud , Imielinski Marcin , Schwartz Peter E. , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Lifton Richard P. , Schlessinger Joseph , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceIdentification of novel, effective treatment modalities for patients with uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) remains an unmet medical need. Using an integrated whole-genome, whole-exome, and RNA-Seq analysis, we identified recurrently mutated genes and deranged pathways, including the homologous-recombination repair (HRR) pathway deficiency (HRD), alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT), C-MYC/BET, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways as potential targets. Using two fully sequenced patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) harboring deranged C-MYC/BET and PTEN/PIK3CA pathways and/or an HRD signature (i.e., LEY11 and LEY16), we found olaparib (PARPi), GS-626510 (BETi), and copanlisib (PIK3CAi) monotherapy to significantly inhibit in vivo uLMS PDXs growth. Our integrated genetic analysis, combined with in vivo preclinical validation experiments, suggests that a large subset of uLMS may potentially benefit from existing PARPi/BETi/PIK3CAi-targeted drugs.
4E-BP2–dependent translation in parvalbumin neurons controls epileptic seizure threshold
Authors: Sharma Vijendra , Sood Rapita , Lou Danning , Hung Tzu-Yu , Lévesque Maxime , Han Yelin , Levett Jeremy Y. , Wang Peng , Murthy Shravan , Tansley Shannon , Wang Siyan , Siddiqui Nadeem , Tahmasebi Soroush , Rosenblum Kobi , Avoli Massimo , Lacaille Jean-Claude , Sonenberg Nahum , Khoutorsky Arkady 
Published: April 2021

Significance
In numerous models of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy, genetic mutations associated with enhanced mTORC1 activity engender an increase in the susceptibility to epileptic seizures. This study shows that the deletion of the mTORC1-downstream translational repressor, 4E-BP2, but not 4E-BP1, promotes epileptogenesis. By deleting 4E-BP2 in different cell types, we reveal that the up-regulation of mTORC1/eIF4E signaling in parvalbumin inhibitory neurons is sufficient to reduce the threshold for the induction of seizures. We conclude that downstream of mTORC1, 4E-BP2 is the main 4E-BP paralog controlling epileptogenesis and propose that parvalbumin inhibitory neurons are a vulnerable cell type in which the aberrant activation of mTORC1-dependent translation contributes to epileptic pathology.
Trifolium angustifolium (narrow-leaf clover).
Authors: Makale Fenadis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The narrow-leaf clover Trifolium angustifolium is an annual legume native to central, southern and Eastern Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It has been introduced elsewhere and is valued for forage and pasture improvement. It has become an environmental weed in a few countries such as Australia, Japan and Chile but has not been reported as an aggressive invader. It is included in the IUCN Red List (Least Concern) for its value as a genetic resource for forage legumes.
Claviceps fusiformis (pearl millet ergot).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. fusiformis is widespread in Africa and India, where the host crop, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), has been grown for thousands of years. The ergot disease it causes became a major yield constraint in India with the introduction of open-pollinated hybrid lines (Thukar and Rai, 2003). Conidia are spread from plant to plant by wind, rain-splash, and insects. Wild Pennisetum spp. are alternative hosts that may serve as reservoirs of inoculum. Ergot infection can have a significant impact on yields, with up to 70% loss in susceptible varieties (Natarajan et al., 1974). There are reports of the pathogen in the western hemisphere (San Martin et al., 1997; Velásquez-Valle et al., 1998). If the fungus has been introduced, then the use of clean seed and cultivation under particular climate conditions may prevent ergot from appearing as a significant problem in the Americas.
Alectra vogelii (yellow witchweed).
Authors: Riches Charlie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. vogelii is an annual parasitic weed of legume crops, particularly cowpea and groundnut, in semi-arid areas of East, West, Central and Southern Africa. It is closely associated with cultivation, is occasionally found associated with weeds of fallows but rarely in natural vegetation. Copious seed production and a long-lived seed-bank allow the rapid build up of infestations when susceptible crop cultivars are planted. Tiny seeds are easily spread by wind, surface water flow or in crop seed. The genus Alectra is on the USDA Federal Noxious Weed list. Despite the similar life cycle to Striga species which are listed, and potential for crop damage, A. vogelii does not appear on Noxious weed lists in Australia. An assessment of its global invasive potential is given by Mohamed et al. (2006).
Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. peltata is an important pioneer species in its native range Americas following forest clearance. It has also been introduced into coffee plantations as a shade tree and into botanical gardens in Africa. However, its presence on the ISSG list of the 100 worst invasive species (ISSG, 2003) means that its notoriety as an invasive species may limit further introductions.
Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

M. quinquenervia is a moderately fast-growing, fire-tolerant tree capable of growing on nutrient-deficient sites with continuous or periodic flooding in the humid and sub-humid tropics. It is moderately salt-tolerant. This species is most likely to be grown on relatively short coppice rotations that maximize the production of small-sized logs. M. quinquenervia makes excellent fuelwood, provides useful timber, and is a good source of honey and medicinal niaouli oil. The botany, cultivation, weed management, insect pests, biomass and oil yields, breeding, oil distillation and oil properties of Melaleuca spp., and niaouli oil of M. quinquenervia are covered by Southwell and Lowe (1999).
Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. caribaea, especially P. caribaea var. hondurensis, is widely planted throughout the American, Asian, and African tropics and subtropics. It is fast growing and has very versatile wood. P. caribaea var. hondurensis is the most productive of the three varieties of P. caribaea. P. caribaea var. hondurensis grows on a wide variety of sites in the tropics and subtropics at altitudes below 800 m (Whitmore and Liegel, 1980), although it also grows well up to altitudes of 1500 m or more. Worldwide interest has been focused on rapid-growing selections and provenances of the variety hondurensis. It has been found that var. hondurensis crossed naturally with P. oocarpa, and P. oocarpa var. ochoterenai produces progeny that have better form and are faster growers than their parents (Perry, 1991). P. elliottii crossed with P. caribaea var. hondurensis has made a major contribution to the success of commercial forestry in Queensland, Australia. These successes have also stimulated interest in hybrids in other countries such as South Africa, Brazil and Fiji.
MobLen Model for Enhancing Scientific Creativity of Physics Students: An Alternative in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dwikoranto  , Jatmiko B , Hariyono E , Lestari N A , Prahani B K , Suyidno  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of scientific creativity (SC) is critical in physics education because students must have the improved-scientific-creativity to become superior graduates, including prospective physics teachers. Many prospective physics teachers lack scientific creativity. The focus of this research was to analyse the effectiveness of the MobLen model in increasing the scientific creativity of future physics teachers as an alternative to online learning models in the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used a pre-experiment design with one group pre-test and post-test of 62 prospective physics teachers. The data was collected using a scientific creativity test, then analysed using inferential statically with the Paired Sample Test and N-gain. The results showed that the MobLen model proved effective in increasing the scientific creativity of prospective physics teachers. This research implies that the MobLen learning model can increase the scientific creativity of prospective physics teachers as an alternative to online learning in the COVID-19 pandemic.
High Order Thinking Skills Students Through Multi-Representation Test on Newtons Law Study
Authors: Puspitaningrum H Z , Wasis  , Prastowo T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to describe higher-order thinking skills in Newton’s law study based on a multi-representation test. The methods used quantitative descriptive and implemented on one of the class X High School in Surabaya academic year 2019/2020. The questions that tested were verbal, graphic, visual, or mathematically representations consist of the ability to analyse, evaluate, and create adjusted cognitive domain in Bloom’s taxonomy revised. Validity and reliability instrument test in this study with help Winstep software. Based on the result of the analysis, it was found high order thinking skill student in the high category of 42 %, high order thinking skill student in the middle category of 16 %, and high order thinking skill student in the low category of 42 %. Higher-order thinking skills had categorized as enough. Average value person logit equals -0.95 which means that more students answered incorrectly on the questions were tested. Student’s ability in representing physics knowledge shows how the student’s level of understanding.
The Role of C-dots/(MnO2)x (x = 0, 2, 4, mM) on Enhancing The Ion Transport in Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes: The Optical and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Putro P A , Sulaeman A S , Maddu A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) based poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) have been prepared with carbon dots (C-dots) and C-dots/manganese oxide or C-dots/(MnO2)x (x = 0, 2, 4 mM) addition. C-dots synthesized by low-temperature heating oven using cassava peels as a carbon source. Furthermore, C-dots/(MnO2)x prepared with C-dots solution as media for reducing potassium permanganate (KMnO4) into MnO2. C-dots/(MnO2)x solutions were characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The SPE samples with C-dots/(MnO2)x addition were characterized by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We provided the information that the presence of C-dots/(MnO2)x has accelerated and facilitated the ionic transport in the SPE. These results reveal that C-dots/(MnO2)x nanocomposite is a good candidate for SPE.
Analysis of IMF Orientation and Pc5 Power During St. Patrick Geomagnetic Storm on 17 March 2015
Authors: Filawati S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solar storms have a hazardous effect on the Earth, one of the most powerful is Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). St. Patrick geomagnetic storm is a severe geomagnetic storm which is caused by partial halo CME. Propagation of CME at interplanetary space is detected by solar wind parameters by speed and magnetic field. Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) has orientation to determine the shift of solar wind particle. IMF orientation can be classified by IMF cone angle and IMF clock angle. Both can be used as an indicator of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. This study aims to determine the flow of solar wind to the magnetosphere. The solar wind will enter the magnetosphere can be detected by THEMIS satellite orbits at ∼100 km to ∼12 RE at magnetotail and ground-based Fluxgate Magnetometer at LAPAN Pasuruan. Meanwhile, the geomagnetic storm is observed by Dst index. We combine data from interplanetary space, magnetosphere, and ground-based magnetometer and processed to Pc5 power. The results are IMF clock angle was closer to zero and IMF cone angle got wider on 15-18 March 2015, FM and FGM Pc5 power surged since March 16, 2015. Finally, a severe geomagnetic storm observed on March 17, 2015 with Dst index was -222 nT.
Characteristics Analysis of Archimedes Screw Turbine Micro Hydro Power Plants with Variations in Water Discharge
Authors: Indarto B , Ramazhoni D A , Bustomi M A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electrical energy has a very important role in human life, but the electricity supply still does not fully meet the needs of the community. Many potential energy resources can be converted into electrical energy. One of the potential energy resources is the flow of water that can be used for micro-hydropower plants for remote areas. This paper presents the results of research on micro-hydro power plants using Archimedes screw turbines. This power generation system has several advantages, namely low maintenance costs, does not damage the water ecosystem, does not require extensive land. The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of the Archimedes micro-hydro power plant on variations in water discharge. These characteristics include mechanical characteristics such as the maximum torque and rpm and electrical characteristics such as voltage, current and electric power. The determination of characteristics is carried out on the prototype of the micro hydropower plant Archimedes screw turbine with the specifications of the turbine screw having 2 blades, the turbine elevation angle of 30°, 2.5: 1 gearbox ratio using four variations of water discharge, namely 1.18 l/s, 2.33 l/s, 2.55 l/s, and 2.64 l/s. The determination results of the micro hydropower plant Archimedes screw turbine characteristics show that an increase in water flow will cause an increase in mechanical characteristics such as large torque and rpm and electrical characteristics such as voltage, current and electric power. However, the increase in the magnitude of these characteristics is not directly proportional to the increase in water discharge.
Expert System Using Dempster Shafer Method for Pre-Eclampsia Detection
Authors: Purwanti E , Achmadi N W , Ernawati  , Bustomi M A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPre-eclampsia is a complication in pregnancy that is often diagnosed by hypertension and proteinuria in the second tri-semester of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia could cause suffering for mother and fetus and also increase the risk of mother and child death. The main objective of this research is to develop an expert system to identify the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. The device was designed with 16 inputs in the form of symptoms and risk factors that influence the disease. This system uses the Dempster Shafer method for classification of 2 classes: there is a risk of pre-eclampsia and no risk of pre-eclampsia. The test consists of 2 aspects, namely the performance test and user satisfaction test. The results of the research for the performance test showed that the system accuracy reached 88.18% with sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value were 92.72%, 83.63%, 85%, and 92%. User satisfaction test results show “good” in all aspects.
The Response of (Mg0.6Zn0.4)TiO3 Ceramic System as A Dielectric Resonator Oscillator at C-Band
Authors: Ermawati F U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Magnesium titanate (MgTiO3) with the ilmenite structure has been recognized as a potential dielectric ceramic material for modern cellular technology, satellite communications in the microwave frequency region, radar systems, filters, resonators and antennas in global positioning systems. This paper demonstrates the response of magnesium zinc titanate (Mg0.6Zn0.4)TiO3 ceramic system when it was mounted as a dielectric resonator element in a dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) circuit when the circuit was tuned in a transverse electric (TE)01δ resonant mode operating at the frequency range of 3 – 12 GHz. The discussion is related to the structure, microstructure and dielectric characteristics.