bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rainbow after the Storm
Authors: Rosenfeld Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Rainbow after the Storm tells the story of the rapid liberalization of attitudes toward gay rights that made same-sex marriage the law of the U.S. sooner than almost anyone thought was possible. The book explains how and why public opinion toward gay rights liberalized so much, while most other public attitudes have remained relatively stable. The book explores the roles of a variety of actors in this drama. Social science research helped to shift elite opinion in ways that reduced the persecution of gays and lesbians. Gays and lesbians by the hundreds of thousands responded to a less repressive environment by coming out of the closet. Straight people started to know the gay and lesbian people in their lives, and their view of gay rights shifted accordingly. Same-sex couples embarked on years-long legal struggles to try to force states to recognize their marriages. In courtrooms across the U.S. social scientists behind a new consensus about the normalcy of gay couples and the health of their children won victories over fringe scholars promoting discredited antigay views. In a few short years marriage equality, which had once seemed totally unrealistic, became realistic. And then almost as soon as it was realistic, marriage equality became a reality.
Coming Out of the Closet and Its Influence, 1985–2013
Authors: Rosenfeld Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 provides a variety of social science data analysis to show that contact between gays and lesbians and their straight family and friends was responsible for the dramatic liberalization of attitudes toward gay rights in the U.S. When Americans were asked why they became more supportive of marriage equality, they overwhelmingly explained that having a gay friend or family member helped them see the issue more positively. Having a gay friend was influential even to people who were not predisposed to support gay rights. Data show that gays and lesbians in the U.S. were coming out of the closet for the first time in the 1990s, and the 1990s is also when American attitudes toward gay rights started to liberalize.
Epilogue
Authors: Roniger Luis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The book closes with an epilogue that addresses the current health and economic conundrum that Latin American societies face and some of their political repercusions. The text registers how these societies have been affected by the pandemic, economic deceleration, rising unemployment and growing challenges to the livelihood of millions of citizens. While representative democracy weakens under such pressures and populist projects are recreated, the region has a strong tradition of highly participatory societies pressing demands and making their voices heard in the public arena. Under those conditions, one should expect outbursts of popular mobilization and unrest to develop that will challenge personalist rule and decision-making, most likely supported by countervailing visions of democracy that reverberate cyclically in the public spheres of Latin America.
How Things Are
Authors: Siderits Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work is designed to introduce some of the more important fruits of Indian Buddhist metaphysical theorizing to philosophers with little or no prior knowledge of classical Indian philosophy. It is widely known among non-specialists that Buddhists deny the existence of a self. Less widely appreciated among philosophers currently working in metaphysics is the fact that the Indian Buddhist tradition contains a wealth of material on a broad assortment of other issues that have also been foci of recent debate. Indian Buddhist philosophers have argued for a variety of interesting claims about the nature of the causal relation, about persistence, about abstract objects, about the consequences of presentism, about the prospects for a viable ontological emergentism. They engaged in a spirited debate over illusionism in the philosophy of consciousness. Some espoused global anti-realism while others called its coherence into question. And so on. This work is meant to introduce the views of such major Buddhist philosophers as Vasubandhu, Dharmakīrti, and Nāgārjuna on these and other issues. And it presents their arguments and analyses in a manner meant to make them accessible to students of philosophy who lack specialist knowledge of the Indian tradition. Analytic metaphysicians who are interested in moving beyond the common strategy of appealing to the intuitions of “the folk” should find much of interest here.
The Third Reich's Elite Schools
Authors: Roche Helen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Drawing on material from eighty archives in six different countries worldwide, as well as eyewitness testimonies from over one hundred former pupils, this book presents the first comprehensive history of the Third Reich’s most prominent elite schools, the National Political Education Institutes (Napolas/NPEA). The Napolas provided an all-encompassing National Socialist ‘total education’, featuring ideological indoctrination, pre-military training, and a packed programme of extracurricular activities, including school trips and exchanges throughout Europe and beyond. Combining all the most seductive elements of reform-pedagogy, youth-movement traditions, and the militaristic ethos of the Prussian cadet schools, the schools took pupils from the age of 10, aiming to train them for leadership roles in all walks of life. Those who successfully passed the gruelling entrance examination, which tested applicants’ physical prowess, courage, and alleged ‘racial purity’ along with their academic abilities, had to learn to live in a highly militarized and enclosed boarding-school community. Through an in-depth depiction of everyday life at the Napolas, as well as systematic analysis of the ways in which different schools within the NPEA system were shaped by their previous traditions, this study sheds light on the qualities which the Nazi regime desired to instil in its future citizens, whilst also contributing to key debates on the political, social, and cultural history of the Third Reich, demonstrating that the history of education and youth can illuminate the broader history of this era in novel ways. Ultimately, the NPEA can be seen as the Nazi dictatorship’s most effective educational experiment.
Perception of Absence
Authors: Mumford Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We are able to see what is not there, such as when a car has been stolen and is not where the owner expected it to be. There is some kind of phenomenological feel to such discoveries but it is uncertain and elusive. There is a distinction between seeing the absence of something and merely inferring its absence from what is seen. Two theories of how it is possible to see what is not there are considered: perceptual theories, which claim absences can be experienced, and cognitive theories that appeal to an inference. Both have problems. Perceptual theories struggle to say how something that is not there can be an object of perception while cognitive theories cannot say how the required inference is drawn. As an alternative, an evolved mechanism is invoked that allows a non-deductive inference to an absence that is then presented in the mind as experiential.
Negative Truth
Authors: Mumford Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Truths are supposed to be made true by something that exists, such as a fact, according to truthmaker theory. What, though, of apparent truths concerning what is not the case? How can they be made true by something that is? This paradox of negative judgement has been re-articulated by Molnar. We must either meet his challenge, of identifying the positive truthmakers for the negative truths, or we must reject at least one of the premises that jointly entailed that there were such truthmakers. Attempts to solve this problem have all failed. Candidate positive truthmakers usually rely on smuggling in some negative aspect. It also looks difficult to reject any of Molnar’s premises since doing so comes at a seemingly high price. At present, this problem remains unresolved.
Stubborn Fractions
Authors: Davis Cynthia J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Unlike his high realist colleagues, Mark Twain remained ambivalent about both a painless ideal and the potentially refining value of exposure to pain. He conveys this ambivalence by habitually relying on fractions when assessing the extent to which he believed pain could or should be eradicated. This chapter situates Twain’s reliance on fractions within the context of his fascination with Christian Science. While Mary Baker Eddy drew on religious principles in order to evoke a utopian world blissfully free of pain, Twain’s own aesthetic imagination repeatedly conjured a world in which pain played a manageable yet still valuable part. For him, that value resided largely in suffering’s capacity to enhance not already refined sensibilities as in high realism but the capacity for imaginative projection into the lives of others. His writings reliably suggest, however, that only exceptional individuals had what it took imaginatively to make anything other than their own suffering a priority.
Epilogue
Authors: Davis Cynthia J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Epilogue begins with final reflections on the high realist project concerning pain, the validity and limitations of its critique, the relevant historical context, and the lingering impact of its preferred aesthetic response to suffering—which can seem, ironically, like another form of anesthesia whenever it encourages numbing to and distance from the pain of others. It then offers summary comments on the less myopic, more inclusive and imaginative versions of reality envisioned by Twain, Chesnutt, and another contemporary author, W. E. B. Du Bois. After tracing patterns of sensitizing, insulating, and distancing behavior in our current reactions to seemingly intractable suffering that resonate with the high realist aesthetic, the book concludes by suggesting that the simultaneously politically galvanizing and aesthetically complex response to physical suffering that Part Two proves was available to the responsive imagination during the realist era remains available in our own day.
Evidence and Truth
Authors: Lai Ho Hock 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter interrogates the traditional—but not universally accepted—view that trials aim primarily at determining the truth of disputed propositions of fact, and that evidentiary rules ought to promote the realization of that goal. Truth is said to be a prerequisite for “rectitude of decision”—an objective only realized when courts correctly combine substantive law with true facts. The author examines this view by addressing the following questions: what do we mean by “truth” in the present context? Is truth the aim of a trial? What other roles or functions might the concept of truth have? How is truth related to justice? If the trial is a system for ascertaining the truth, how should evidentiary rules be designed?
Investigating emergent coordination in small music groups
Authors: Pennill Nicola , Davidson Jane W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is people that make group music work. For researchers, this provides many interesting and diverse opportunities for study. This chapter focuses on ways in which musicians establish coordination in musical contexts with particular consideration of methods of investigation. It takes a high-level view of coordination relating to the alignment of ideas, intentions, and actions in creative collaboration processes. It outlines observational methods for real-life contexts, coding schemes for group behaviors, and the increased employment of mixed-methods that observe and measure interaction in lab and ecological settings. The chapter closes with a consideration of the relevance of longitudinal studies of ensembles that showcase emergent coordination, and an example is offered of an investigation of the development of behavioral interactions over time in two vocal quintets.
Understanding expressive ensemble singing through acoustics
Authors: Daffern Helena , D’Amario Sara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A valuable body of research utilizes the study of acoustics to explore the combined sonic output of vocal ensembles and the processes and vocal contributions of individual voices within an ensemble. This chapter focuses on specific acoustic features that can be measured in the acoustic signal and contribute to expressive ensemble performance, including: intonation, vibrato, intensity, and timbre. The different methodological approaches to acoustics research for singing ensemble performance are discussed, alongside their context and relevance in understanding the importance of these features from a more holistic perspective. In light of the development of digital technologies, new approaches arise that address the complexities of analyzing multiple voices, spanning from synthesis-based studies to more ecological experiments. The implications for this corpus of research to influence practice and decision-making in performance are highlighted alongside the opportunities for more performers to lead research in this area, facilitated through increasingly accessible technology.
Ensemble interaction in indeterminate music
Authors: Payne Emily , Thomas Philip 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Examining ensemble interaction in the music of experimental composer Christian Wolff, this chapter uses as a case study a professional recording session undertaken by the ensemble Apartment House of &lt;em&gt;Exercises&lt;/em&gt; (1973–2013), a series of pieces for (mostly) unspecified instrumentation and numbers of players. Wolff’s skeletal notation is deliberately under-determined, acting like something of a puzzle to be solved. Consequently, the players must negotiate a way of working with the notation and with each other, making decisions prior to, and during, the moment of performance. Drawing on interviews and observational studies, the chapter identifies three different forms of interaction in the musicians’ playing as they engaged with Wolff’s notation: working responsively, independently, and emergently. The chapter offers a view of ensemble interaction that is characterized by cooperation, but also uncertainty, surprise, or even complete breakdown.
Ensemble musicians’ health and wellness
Authors: Norton Naomi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Relationships between music, health, and wellness are complicated: music can promote health and wellness, but musicians are vulnerable to problems caused or exacerbated by musical activities. With a view towards preventing such problems and promoting musicians’ health and wellness, researchers have mostly focused on individual musicians’ physical and psychological capabilities; however, insights from behavior change science indicate that it is vital to consider the extent to which environmental factors affect musicians’ opportunities to engage in health-promoting behaviors. This chapter focuses on four aspects of ensemble environments that can affect performers’ biological, psychological, and social health and wellness: (1) venue characteristics and configurations; (2) rehearsal organization, goals, and flow; (3) ensemble culture and social norms; and (4) social support and competition. Recommendations for addressing these aspects are presented, based on studies conducted with professional, pre-professional, and amateur ensemble musicians performing instrumental and vocal music from a range of genres.
Emotional, cognitive, and motor development in youth orchestras
Authors: Glowinski Donald , Levacher Cecile , Buchheit Florian , Malagoli Chiara , Matuszewski Benjamin , Schaerlaeken Simon , Noera Chiara , Edwards Katie , Chiorri Carlo , Bevilacqua Frédéric , Grandjean Didier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Does being part of an orchestra from an early age have an impact on cognitive and emotional capacities? Researchers from the University of Geneva (Unige), Switzerland, the University of Genoa (Unige-IT), and the Institute of Research and Coordination Acoustic/Music (IRCAM) in Paris investigated this question in the context of the Demos orchestras organized by the Philharmonie de Paris-Cité. This two-year study evaluated the development and evolution of the cognitive, emotional, and motor skills of 255 children engaged in two Demos orchestras, aged 7 to 13 years living in education priority zones (ZEPs) in France. The results showed that after two years of playing music as part of a group, the working memory, cognitive flexibility, and emotion understanding skills of the children improved at a higher rate than the published measurements on standard tests. Important improvements were also shown in movement synchronization.
China’s Digital Economy
Authors: Zhang Marina Yue , Dodgson Mark , Gann David M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
China has one of the most advanced digital economies in the world. This chapter analyses the rise of China’s digital economy and the transformational effect of digital innovation on consumers and throughout China’s economy and society. The ‘platform of platforms’ created by leading firms is critical in China’s digital infrastructure, and the user data generated on these platforms is a new factor in Chinese productivity. The ability of the digital economy to build and address demand in China’s highly differentiated markets is shown in cases such as Xiaomi. The chapter reveals the zigzag pattern of iterative interactions between technology entrepreneurs and policymakers. It presents a detailed case study of mobile payments, explaining the dynamic interactions between firm strategies, user endorsements, and government policies. The rise of the ‘platform of platforms’ has raised concerns about user data safety and fair market competition. The chapter discusses the social and political implications arising from powerful platform firms in the digital economy. It concludes with discussion of the importance of future technologies, including artificial intelligence and the internet of things, especially their applications in the industry internet.
Technology Entrepreneurship
Authors: Zhang Marina Yue , Dodgson Mark , Gann David M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the growth of technology entrepreneurship in China. Compared to other professions such as public service or academia, entrepreneurship was not regarded highly in Chinese culture and was banned in the Mao era as ‘walking on the road of capitalism’. It has now become a key element of China’s innovation machine, and being an entrepreneur is an attractive career. The reforms in China’s capital market, including venture capital investment, together with policy support under the banner of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, such as access to science and research, incubators and accelerators, and entrepreneurship education, are described. The case of the emerging biotechnology/biopharmaceutical industry is used to illustrate the importance of combining technology, talent, capital, and policy in technology entrepreneurship. Selected large and rapidly growing unicorns are profiled, illustrating how entrepreneurial firms aiming to develop future technologies emerge and grow.
Institutional Logics in Innovation
Authors: Zhang Marina Yue , Dodgson Mark , Gann David M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyses the different institutional logics surrounding China’s innovation machine, including the ‘visible hand’ of the state and ‘invisible hand’ of the market. The idea of innovation in China resulting from centralized decisions in government is shown to be a myth; instead, it results from the interaction of initial bottom-up innovations and subsequent top-down direction, support, or correction. The cultural roots of China’s multiple institutional logics are explained, including the role of hierarchy, the tolerance of ambiguity, and the search for unity. Balance is sought within Chinese bureaucracies, between central and local governments, and between formal and informal authority. The chapter analyses Chinese policy frameworks for science and technology, innovation, intellectual property, education and talent, environment, industry, and the reform of state-owned enterprises. A case study of the car industry is provided, focusing particularly on how policy instruments are used to encourage carmakers to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the new technology trajectory of new energy vehicles.
Chaotic Order
Authors: Zhang Marina Yue , Dodgson Mark , Gann David M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores how order emerges from chaos in China’s innovation machine. It emphasizes how innovation is emergent, evolutionary, and complex and cannot be centrally planned and controlled. Innovation involves experimentation, the initial growth of which requires some protection, but the scale and scope of which can be rapidly amplified in an interdependent digital economy. The challenges facing the innovation machine are outlined. These include the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the impending clash of political ideology between China and the West manifested by a technology cold war over issues such as technological standards. The chapter argues that, despite numerous shortcomings, China’s innovation machine is remarkably successful and robust and can even strengthen as result of external pressures. It does, however, face specific internal policy challenges, including whether the government can maintain the pragmatism of recent policies with continued development of the market, and strengthened transparency on the nature and purpose of China’s approach to innovation, and the nation’s greater assumption of leadership roles in international forums. How China handles these challenges will significantly impact the future of global economic development and political cooperation.
Church Architecture of Late Antique Northern Mesopotamia
Authors: Keser Kayaalp Elif 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Church Architecture of Late Antique Northern Mesopotamia examines the church architecture of Northern Mesopotamia between the fourth and eighth centuries. It focuses on settlements, plan types, artistic encounters, the remarkable continuity of the classical tradition in the architectural decoration, the heterogeneity of the building techniques, patrons, imperial motivations, dedications of churches, and stories that claim and make spaces. Employing archaeological and epigraphical material and hagiographical and historical sources, the book presents a holistic picture of the church architecture of this frontier region, encompassing the cities of Nisibis (Nusaybin), Edessa (Şanlıurfa), Amida (Diyarbakır), Anastasiopolis (Dara/Oğuz), Martyropolis (Silvan), Constantia (Viranşehir), and their surroundings, and the rural Tur Abdin region. The period covered spans the last centuries of Byzantine and the first century and a half of Arab rule, when the region was, on the one hand, a stage of war and riven by religious controversies, and a cultural interspace on the other. The book discusses the different dynamics in this frontier region and the resulting built environment and church architecture in pursuit of providing a regional contribution to the study of the transformation that the Byzantine civilization underwent in the late antique period and understanding the continuities and changes after the Arab conquest.