bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamic Effects of a Summer Learning Program on Behavioral Engagement in School
Authors: Pyne Jaymes , Messner Erica , Dee Thomas S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Evidence that student learning declines or stagnates during summers has motivated an interest in programs providing intensive summer instruction. However, existing literature suggests that such programs have modest effects on achievement and no impact on measures of engagement in school. In this quasi-experimental study, we present evidence on the impact of a comprehensive and mature summer learning program that serves low-income middle school students and features unusual academic breadth, including a robust and well-designed social-emotional learning curriculum. Our results indicate that this program led to substantial reductions in unexcused absences, chronic absenteeism, and suspensions and a modest gain in English language arts test scores. We find evidence that the gains in behavioral engagement are dynamic, growing over time and with additional summers of participation.
A Case Study of Cloud-Top Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability Waves near the Dendritic Growth Zone
Authors: Cann M. D. , Friedrich K. , French J. R. , Behringer D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KH) waves have been broadly shown to affect the growth of hydrometeors within a region of falling precipitation, but formation and growth from KH waves at cloud top needs further attention. Here, we present detailed observations of cloud-top KH waves that produced a snow plume that extended to the surface. Airborne transects of cloud radar aligned with range height indicator scans from ground-based precipitation radar track the progression and intensity of the KH wave kinetics and precipitation. In situ cloud probes and surface disdrometer measurements are used to quantify the impact of the snow plume on the composition of an underlying supercooled liquid water (SLW) cloud and the snowfall observed at the surface. KH wavelengths of 1.5 km consisted of ∼750-m-wide up- and downdrafts. A distinct fluctus region appeared as a wave-breaking cloud top where the fastest updraft was observed to exceed 5 m s−1. Relatively weaker updrafts of 0.5–1.5 m s−1 beneath the fluctus and partially overlapping the dendritic growth zone were associated with steep gradients in reflectivity of −5 to 20 dBZe in as little as 500-m depths due to rapid growth of pristine planar ice crystals. The falling snow removed ∼80% of the SLW content from the underlying cloud and led to a twofold increase in surface liquid equivalent snowfall rate from 0.6 to 1.3 mm h−1. This paper presents the first known study of cloud-top KH waves producing snowfall with observations of increased snowfall rates at the surface.
Different Responses of Central Asian Precipitation to Strong and Weak El Niño Events
Authors: Chen Zhang , Wu Renguang , Zhao Yong , Wang Zhibiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated impacts of strong and weak El Niño events on central Asian precipitation variability from El Niño developing years to decaying years. It is found that strong El Niño events persistently enhance central Asian precipitation from the mature winter to decaying summer. Large warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical central-eastern Pacific induce anomalous upper-level divergence and updraft over central Asia through large-scale convergence and divergence in the mature winter and decaying spring. Meanwhile, the associated wind anomalies induce anomalous eastward and northeastward moisture flux from the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea to central Asia. Both anomalous ascent and moisture flux convergence favor above-normal precipitation over central Asia in the mature winter and decaying spring. The El Niño events induced central Asian precipitation anomalies that are extended to the decaying summer due to the role of soil moisture. Increased rainfall in winter and spring enhances soil moisture in the following summer, which in turn contributes to more precipitation in summer through modulating regional evaporation. During weak El Niño events, significant wet anomalies are only seen in the developing autumn, which result from anomalous southeastward moisture flux from the Arctic Ocean, and the abnormal signals are weak in the other seasons. The different responses of central Asian precipitation to strong and weak El Niño events may be attributed to the difference in intensity of tropical SST anomalies between the two types of events.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceived Preparedness in Clinically Oriented and Traditional Teacher Preparation Programs
Authors: Zhang Jie , Cabrera Jill , Niu Chunling , Zippay Cassie , Dietrich Sylvia 
Published: December 2021

This mixed-methods study compared teacher candidates’ (TCs) perceived preparedness in a clinically oriented teacher education model, Clinical Experiences and Practices in Teaching (CEPT), to a traditional model. Eighteen TCs participating in the CEPT model and 22 non-CEPT TCs were surveyed and interviewed after 1 year of the program. Clinical Experiences and Practices in Teaching teacher candidates reported more frequent participation in collaboration, networking, and mentoring than the non-CEPT teacher candidates. No group difference in TCs’ perceived preparedness to meet teaching standards was found. Interview data revealed that CEPT TCs experienced “reality shock” initially and developed greater teaching confidence and self-efficacy over two semesters.
Book review: Anil Kumar Vaddiraju, Federalism and Local Government in India and Anil Kumar Vaddiraju, Satyanarayana Sangita and Kala Seetharam Sridhar (Ed.), Urban Governance in Karnataka and Bengaluru: Global Changes and Local Impacts
Authors: Pankaj Ashok , Malik Urba 
Published: December 2021

Anil Kumar Vaddiraju, Federalism and Local Government in India. Delhi: Studium Press (India) Pvt Ltd., 2017, XVII + 232 pp., ₹1092. ISBN: 93-85046-10-1 ( Hardcover). Anil Kumar Vaddiraju, Satyanarayana Sangita and Kala Seetharam Sridhar (Ed.), Urban Governance in Karnataka and Bengaluru: Global Changes and Local Impacts. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016, 240 pp., £61.99. ISBN-10: 1443801259; ISBN-13: 978-1443801256 ( Hardcover).
Expected Value of Sample Information to Guide the Design of Group Sequential Clinical Trials
Authors: Flight Laura , Julious Steven , Brennan Alan , Todd Susan 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Adaptive designs allow changes to an ongoing trial based on prespecified early examinations of accrued data. Opportunities are potentially being missed to incorporate health economic considerations into the design of these studies. Methods We describe how to estimate the expected value of sample information for group sequential design adaptive trials. We operationalize this approach in a hypothetical case study using data from a pilot trial. We report the expected value of sample information and expected net benefit of sampling results for 5 design options for the future full-scale trial including the fixed-sample-size design and the group sequential design using either the Pocock stopping rule or the O’Brien-Fleming stopping rule with 2 or 5 analyses. We considered 2 scenarios relating to 1) using the cost-effectiveness model with a traditional approach to the health economic analysis and 2) adjusting the cost-effectiveness analysis to incorporate the bias-adjusted maximum likelihood estimates of trial outcomes to account for the bias that can be generated in adaptive trials. Results The case study demonstrated that the methods developed could be successfully applied in practice. The results showed that the O’Brien-Fleming stopping rule with 2 analyses was the most efficient design with the highest expected net benefit of sampling in the case study. Conclusions Cost-effectiveness considerations are unavoidable in budget-constrained, publicly funded health care systems, and adaptive designs can provide an alternative to costly fixed-sample-size designs. We recommend that when planning a clinical trial, expected value of sample information methods be used to compare possible adaptive and nonadaptive trial designs, with appropriate adjustment, to help justify the choice of design characteristics and ensure the cost-effective use of research funding. Highlights Opportunities are potentially being missed to incorporate health economic considerations into the design of adaptive clinical trials. Existing expected value of sample information analysis methods can be extended to compare possible group sequential and nonadaptive trial designs when planning a clinical trial. We recommend that adjusted analyses be presented to control for the potential impact of the adaptive designs and to maintain the accuracy of the calculations. This approach can help to justify the choice of design characteristics and ensure the cost-effective use of limited research funding.
Role of IL-1β rs1143634 (+3954C>T) polymorphism in cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Jafrin Sarah , Aziz Md. Abdul , Islam Mohammad Safiqul 
Published: December 2021

Objective Oxidative stress caused by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β has been widely investigated for cancer risk. In this study, we focused on the role of IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism to reveal its impact on cancer development. Methods Related studies with fixed inclusion criteria were selected from electronic databases to May 2021. This meta-analysis was performed with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) and in- silico gene expression analysis were performed. Results Forty-four case–control studies involving 18,645 patients with cancer and 22,882 controls were included. We observed a significant association of this single nucleotide polymorphism with overall cancer risk in the codominant model 3 (1.13-fold), recessive model (1.14-fold) and allelic model (1.08-fold). Subgroup analysis revealed that rs1143634 elevated the risk of gastric cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma. In addition, Asian and mixed populations and hospital-based controls had a significantly higher risk of cancer development. TSA confirmed our findings. Conclusion Our meta-analysis revealed that the presence of IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism increases the risk of cancer development. Among polymorphism carriers, the Asian population has a higher risk than other ethnic populations. This meta-analysis was registered retrospectively at INPLASY ( https://inplasy.com/ , INPLASY2021100044).
Subjective health and associative social factors in emerging adults with different levels of participation limitations—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Temizkan Ege , Köse Barkın , Şahin Sedef 
Published: December 2021

Background Participation was shown to be associative with subjective health (SH) in many different populations, including emerging adults. Objectives This study aimed to investigate SH and associative variables in emerging adults with different levels of participation limitations. Methods Healthy university students who were between 18–25 years of age were included. SH was assessed with the visual analog scale. The participants were grouped based on P-Scale. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to determine the associative variables of SH for each P-Scale group. Results A total of 572 participants were included. General health-related quality of life was associated with SH in all P-Scale groups. Other prominent findings of this study showed perception of health, income, and lifestyle were among the most significant associative variables of SH. Conclusion Variables associated with emerging adults’ SH change with their participation restrictions. Therefore, different approaches are needed to improve the subjectively perceived health status of emerging adults.
Combined effect of SCMs and curing temperature on mechanical properties of high-strength strain-hardening cementitious composites
Authors: Choi Hong-Joon , Kim Min-Jae , Yoo Doo-Yeol 
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the curing temperature effect on the mechanical properties of high-strength strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) containing waste supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and polyethylene (PE) fibers. High-strength SHCC is developed to extend the strain-hardening interval by simultaneously inducing multiple cracks and ensuring the durability and strength of high-strength concrete. The starting point of this study was to enhance the tensile performance and durability of high-strength SHCC by utilizing various SCMs. In addition, the optimal curing conditions were investigated to derive the maximum material potential of each SCM, which aims to advance the performance of high-strength SHCC. The temperatures employed for the curing process were 20, 40, and 90°C. Moreover, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume (SF), and cement kiln dust (CKD), were used as a partial replacement for cement to determine the best mix for achieving optimal tensile performance. Four mix designs were prepared, including a plain test specimen composed entirely of cement as binder; therefore, a total of 12 types of specimens were set considering the three curing temperatures. A compressive strength test was conducted with cube specimens, and a direct tensile test was performed with dog-bone-shaped specimens. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping were conducted to identify the microstructures. The SF-containing SHCC cured at 90°C exhibited the best tensile performance in terms of deformability and energy absorption capacity by achieving the highest strain capacity of 4.37% and g-value of 294.5 kJ/m3. In addition, the performance of each specimen was reconfirmed based on the DTG, EDS mapping, and crack pattern results. Through these results, the optimal SCM mixing amount and curing conditions that led to noticeable performance improvement of high-strength SHCC were identified.
Assessment of automatic decision-support systems for detecting active T2 lesions in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Rovira Alex , Corral Juan Francisco , Auger Cristina , Valverde Sergi , Vidal-Jordana Angela , Oliver Arnau , de Barros Andrea , Ng Wong Yiken Karelys , Tintoré Mar , Pareto Deborah , Aymerich Francesc Xavier , Montalban Xavier , Lladó Xavier , Alonso Juli 
Published: December 2021

Background: Active (new/enlarging) T2 lesion counts are routinely used in the clinical management of multiple sclerosis. Thus, automated tools able to accurately identify active T2 lesions would be of high interest to neuroradiologists for assisting in their clinical activity. Objective: To compare the accuracy in detecting active T2 lesions and of radiologically active patients based on different visual and automated methods. Methods: One hundred multiple sclerosis patients underwent two magnetic resonance imaging examinations within 12 months. Four approaches were assessed for detecting active T2 lesions: (1) conventional neuroradiological reports; (2) prospective visual analyses performed by an expert; (3) automated unsupervised tool; and (4) supervised convolutional neural network. As a gold standard, a reference outcome was created by the consensus of two observers. Results: The automated methods detected a higher number of active T2 lesions, and a higher number of active patients, but a higher number of false-positive active patients than visual methods. The convolutional neural network model was more sensitive in detecting active T2 lesions and active patients than the other automated method. Conclusion: Automated convolutional neural network models show potential as an aid to neuroradiological assessment in clinical practice, although visual supervision of the outcomes is still required.
Social media in the infertile community—using a text analysis tool to identify the topics of discussion on the multitude of infertility blogs
Authors: Sormunen Taina , Westerbotn Margareta , Aanesen Arthur , Fossum Bjöörn , Karlgren Klas 
Published: December 2021

Background: Infertility affects one in six couples. New digital resources exist which enable the study of lived experience of persons with infertility. Blogging represents a forum for sharing narratives and experiences. To provide high quality care for persons with a history of infertility, it is crucial to ascertain what they value as significant in their situation. Blogs with a focus on infertility may provide this information. Objectives: The aim of this study was to gain insight into which infertility-related issues are discussed on Swedish infertility blogs. Methods: In total, 70 infertility blogs were identified on the Internet and 25 met the inclusion criteria. A quantitative–qualitative content analysis was performed with the support of the Gavagai Explorer text analysis software. Results: A total of 4508 postings were retrieved from the blogs, all of which were written by women. The outcome of the analysis resulted into the following topics: Emotions (16.8%), Relations (12.5%), Time and waiting (7.1%), Body (6.6%), Care and treatment (4.2%), Food and diet (1.4%) and Exercise (0.5%). For most topics, there was a balance between positive and negative statements, but the body topic stood out by having more negative than positive sentiment. Conclusion: By considering the topics expressed in blogs, health care personnel are provided with an opportunity to better understand the situation of individuals affected by infertility.
Comparative structural analysis of polyurethane and silicone catheters of totally implantable venous access devices by micro-computed tomography
Authors: Panetta Daniele , Tollapi Lara , Paolicchi Adriana , Marri Elisa , Aringhieri Giacomo , Caramella Davide 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To investigate microstructural alterations of explanted long-term central venous catheters of totally implantable venous access devices, using micro-computed tomography. Methods: A total of 16 catheters (9 made of silicone and 7 made of polyurethane), all non-fractured, have been analyzed in this study. Eight catheters were implanted for an average duration of 994 days (min–max: 98–2731 days), while the remaining eight catheters (four for each material, forming the SIref and PUref control groups) were analyzed before implant and used as a reference. X-ray micro-computed tomography was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional geometry of selected segments of each catheter (ca. 10 cm per sample). Results: Morphometric analysis of the catheters revealed increases wall thickness and section area in the polyurethane group as compared with the reference central venous catheters of the same materials (wall thickness: 403 ± 12 μm in the polyurethane (PU) group vs 382 ± 4 μm in PUref, p = 0.014; wall cross-section area: 2.04 ± 0.09 mm2 in PU vs 1.91 ± 0.03 mm2 in PUref, p = 0.04), whereas implanted silicone catheters showed a larger luminal cross section as compared with their controls (lumen cross-section area = 0.851 ± 0.020 mm2 in silicone (SI) group vs 0.811 ± 0.007 mm2 in SIref, p = 0.007). All analyzed samples in this study presented some type of alteration in the catheter walls, namely, hyperdense spots (below 0.1 mm size), air gaps/bubbles and displacements of inner and outer axes causing heterogeneous wall thickness. The incidence of air gaps showed no difference with respect to both material type and duration of implant, whereas the SI group revealed more hyperdense spots as compared to all other groups. Conclusion: Morphological change and local structural alteration can occur in both silicone and polyurethane catheters. This evidence suggests the need for further studies connecting those morphological changes with modification of mechanical robustness, which ultimately can play a role for patient safety.
MR arthrography of the shoulder; correlation with arthroscopy
Authors: Jensen Janni , Kristensen Maja T , Bak Lene , Kristensen Søren S , Graumann Ole 
Published: December 2021

Background Shoulder dislocation is a common injury, particularly in the younger population. Common long-term sequelae include pain, recurrence, and shoulder arthritis. Immediate and correct diagnosis following shoulder dislocation is key to achieving optimum outcomes. Although magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) is frequently used for diagnosing shoulder instabilities, arthroscopy is still considered the gold standard. Purpose This study aims to compare the diagnostic value of arthroscopy and MRA of the shoulder joint. Materials and methods This retrospective study estimates the sensitivity and specificity of MRA of the shoulder. Data from patients who had undergone shoulder MRA and subsequent arthroscopy during a 5-year period were retrospectively collected. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the arthroscopic findings as the gold standard. Moreover, diagnostic accuracy was estimated using McNemar’s test. Results In total, 205 cases were included from which 372 pathological findings were uncovered during the arthroscopic procedures as opposed to 360 findings diagnosed from the MRA images. The glenoid labral tear was the most common finding reported by MRA and arthroscopy. For the detection of glenoid labral tears on MRA, the sensitivity was 0.955 but with eight missed lesions; the specificity was 0.679. Capsular tears, rotator cuff tears, and cartilage lesions proved the most difficult to correctly diagnose using MRA with sensitivities of 0.2, 0.346, and 0.366, respectively. Conclusions With a sensitivity of 95%, MRA is a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing shoulder instabilities, particularly when diagnosing labral lesions, including bony and soft-tissue Bankart lesions. Sensitivities and specificities for other glenohumeral lesions are less convincing, however.
Coordinated missplicing of TMEM14C and ABCB7 causes ring sideroblast formation in SF3B1-mutant myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Clough Courtnee A. , Pangallo Joseph , Sarchi Martina , Ilagan Janine O. , North Khrystyna , Bergantinos Rochelle , Stolla Massiel C. , Naru Jasmine , Nugent Patrick , Kim Eunhee , Stirewalt Derek L. , Subramaniam Arvind R. , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Abkowitz Janis L. , Bradley Robert K. , Doulatov Sergei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
SF3B1 splicing factor mutations are near-universally found in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with ring sideroblasts (RS), a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by abnormal erythroid cells with iron-loaded mitochondria. Despite this remarkably strong genotype-to-phenotype correlation, the mechanism by which mutant SF3B1 dysregulates iron metabolism to cause RS remains unclear due to an absence of physiological models of RS formation. Here, we report an induced pluripotent stem cell model of SF3B1-mutant MDS that for the first time recapitulates robust RS formation during in vitro erythroid differentiation. Mutant SF3B1 induces missplicing of ∼100 genes throughout erythroid differentiation, including proposed RS driver genes TMEM14C, PPOX, and ABCB7. All 3 missplicing events reduce protein expression, notably occurring via 5′ UTR alteration, and reduced translation efficiency for TMEM14C. Functional rescue of TMEM14C and ABCB7, but not the non–rate-limiting enzyme PPOX, markedly decreased RS, and their combined rescue nearly abolished RS formation. Our study demonstrates that coordinated missplicing of mitochondrial transporters TMEM14C and ABCB7 by mutant SF3B1 sequesters iron in mitochondria, causing RS formation.