bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Variations in Caspian Sea Surface Area on Catchment‐Scale and Large‐Scale Climate
Authors: Koriche Sifan A. , Nandini‐Weiss Sri D. , Prange Matthias , Singarayer Joy S. , Arpe Klaus , Cloke Hannah L. , Schulz Michael , Bakker Pepijn , Leroy Suzanne A. G. , Coe Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Caspian Sea (CS) is the largest inland lake in the world. Large variations in sea level and surface area occurred in the past and are projected for the future. The potential impacts on regional and large‐scale hydroclimate are not well understood. Here, we examine the impact of CS area on climate within its catchment and across the northern hemisphere, for the first time with a fully coupled climate model. The Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2) is used to simulate the climate of four scenarios: (a) larger than present CS area, (b) current area, (c) smaller than present area, and (d) no‐CS scenario. The results reveal large changes in the regional atmospheric water budget. Evaporation (e) over the sea increases with increasing area, while precipitation (P) increases over the south‐west CS with increasing area. P‐E over the CS catchment decreases as CS surface area increases, indicating a dominant negative lake‐evaporation feedback. A larger CS reduces summer surface air temperatures and increases winter temperatures. The impacts extend eastwards, where summer precipitation is enhanced over central Asia and the north‐western Pacific experiences warming with reduced winter sea ice. Our results also indicate weakening of the 500‐hPa troughs over the northern Pacific with larger CS area. We find a thermal response triggers a southward shift of the upper troposphere jet stream during summer. Our findings establish that changing CS area results in climate impacts of such scope that CS area variations should be incorporated into climate model simulations, including palaeo and future scenarios.
Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Cellulose in Earlywood of Larix cajanderi Determined by Water Source Rather Than Leaf Water Enrichment in a Permafrost Ecosystem, Eastern Siberia
Authors: Fan R. , Shimada H. , Tei S. , Maximov T. C. , Sugimoto A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe oxygen isotopic composition of tree‐ring cellulose (δ18Ocell) has been widely used to reconstruct historical environmental changes; however, the control factors on δ18Ocell have not been fully constrained—especially in high latitudes. To evaluate the influence of metabolic processes and related environmental factors on δ18Ocell, we analyzed the δ18O values of soil water (1998–2015), stem water (1997–2016), leaf water (3 days in each 2014 and 2015), and tree‐ring cellulose (1981–2016), on a dominant larch species (Larix cajanderi) in an eastern Siberian boreal forest. We determined that the δ18O variability of water sources is dependent on the precipitation, and the 18O enrichment in leaf water is determined by relative humidity. These findings suggest that both water source uptake and leaf water enrichment processes can affect the δ18O values of oxygen‐containing compounds in larch trees in the study site. However, the δ18Ocell (one of the end oxygen‐containing products) was found dependent on water sources on which was related to the amount of summer rainfall in the previous year. This finding significantly differs from that of studies in other areas, which infer the positive correlation between δ18Ocell and leaf water enrichment rather than precipitation or water sources. These differences are predominantly due to the specific conditions of high‐latitude areas, such as the large seasonal δ18O difference in precipitation, the existence of permafrost, and the low growth rate. Our findings contribute toward the development of tree‐ring paleoclimate reconstructions—especially in eastern Siberia.
The long non-coding RNA SAMMSON is essential for uveal melanoma cell survival
Authors: Dewaele Shanna , Delhaye Louis , De Paepe Boel , de Bony Eric James , De Wilde Jilke , Vanderheyden Katrien , Anckaert Jasper , Yigit Nurten , Nuytens Justine , Vanden Eynde Eveline , Smet Joél , Verschoore Maxime , Nemati Fariba , Decaudin Didier , Rodrigues Manuel , Zhao Peihua , Jochemsen Aart , Leucci Eleonora , Vandesompele Jo , Van Dorpe Jo , Marine Jean-Christophe , Van Coster Rudy , Eyckerman Sven , Mestdagh Pieter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can exhibit cell-type and cancer-type specific expression profiles, making them highly attractive as therapeutic targets. Pan-cancer RNA sequencing data revealed broad expression of the SAMMSON lncRNA in uveal melanoma (UM), the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Currently, there are no effective treatments for UM patients with metastatic disease, resulting in a median survival time of 6–12 months. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SAMMSON inhibition in UM. Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated SAMMSON inhibition impaired the growth and viability of a genetically diverse panel of uveal melanoma cell lines. These effects were accompanied by an induction of apoptosis and were recapitulated in two uveal melanoma patient derived xenograft (PDX) models through subcutaneous ASO delivery. SAMMSON pulldown revealed several candidate interaction partners, including various proteins involved in mitochondrial translation. Consequently, inhibition of SAMMSON impaired global, mitochondrial and cytosolic protein translation levels and mitochondrial function in uveal melanoma cells. The present study demonstrates that SAMMSON expression is essential for uveal melanoma cell survival. ASO-mediated silencing of SAMMSON may provide an effective treatment strategy to treat primary and metastatic uveal melanoma patients.
Overweight and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Harborg Sixten , Zachariae Robert , Olsen Julia , Johannsen Maja , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre , Bøggild Henrik , Borgquist Signe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between overweight and outcome in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. We searched PubMed and Embase using variations of the search terms triple-negative breast cancer (population), overweight and/or obesity (exposure), and prognosis (outcome). Based on the World Health Organization guidelines for defining overweight, we included longitudinal observational studies, which utilized survival statistics with hazard ratios (HRs) in our analysis. The included studies measured body mass index at the time of diagnosis of TNBC and reported disease-free survival and/or overall survival. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and study data were extracted using the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) checklist, independently by two authors. Random-effects models were used to combine the effect sizes (HRs), and the results were evaluated and adjusted for possible publication bias. Thirteen studies of 8,944 TNBC patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that overweight was associated with both shorter disease-free survival (HR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.09–1.46) and shorter overall survival (HR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.11c1.51) compared to normal-weight. Additionally, our Bayesian meta-analyses suggest that overweight individuals are 7.4 and 9.9 times more likely to have shorter disease-free survival and overall survival, respectively. In conclusion, the available data suggest that overweight is associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival among TNBC patients. The results should be interpreted with caution due to possible publication bias.
Tunable Berry curvature and transport crossover in topological Dirac semimetal KZnBi
Authors: Song Junseong , Park Byung Cheol , Sim Kyung Ik , Bang Joonho , Kim Sunghun , Yang Zhuo , Kohama Yoshimitsu , Kim Yeongkwan , Kim Sung Wng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTopological Dirac semimetals have emerged as a platform to engineer Berry curvature with time-reversal symmetry breaking, which allows to access diverse quantum states in a single material system. It is of interest to realize such diversity in Dirac semimetals that provides insight on correlation between Berry curvature and quantum transport phenomena. Here, we report the transition between anomalous Hall and chiral fermion states in three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal KZnBi, which is demonstrated by tuning the direction and flux of Berry curvature. Angle-dependent magneto-transport measurements show that both anomalous Hall resistance and positive magnetoresistance are maximized at 0° between net Berry curvature and rotational axis. We find that the unexpected crossover of anomalous Hall resistance and negative magnetoresistance suddenly occurs when the angle reaches to ~70°, indicating that Berry curvature strongly correlates with quantum transports of Dirac and chiral fermions. It would be interesting to tune Berry curvature within other quantum phases such as topological superconductivity.
Towards a model for road runoff infiltration management
Authors: Maurer Loïc , Zumsteg Julie , Lutz Carole , Ottermatte Marie Pierre , Wanko Adrien , Heintz Dimitri , Villette Claire 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn human society, there is a demand for sustainable solutions for water preservation and efficient treatment systems. An important water reservoir is road runoff defined as rainwater leaching from roads, loading micropollutants and infiltrating the soil. We aimed to study this poorly understood feature using large-scale metabolomic analysis coupled with analysis of soil physico-chemical properties and molecular chemical similarity enrichment. A total of 2406 micropollutants were assayed to understand their distribution and assess the trapping abilities of a road runoff infiltration system composed of a sedimentation pond and an infiltration pond. Here, we confirm the essential role of the infiltration pond in preventing environmental contamination and propose a model correlating micropollutant abundance and the soil physico-chemical properties. We demonstrate that sand in infiltration ponds is a key player, helping retain 86% of the micropollutant abundance and propose a model that could be easily applied for road runoff management.
Partial indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl as an effective and cost-saving measure for the control of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Ghana
Authors: Coleman Sylvester , Yihdego Yemane , Sherrard-Smith Ellie , Thomas Churcher S. , Dengela Dereje , Oxborough Richard M. , Dadzie Samuel K. , Boakye Daniel , Gyamfi Frank , Obiri-Danso Kwasi , Johns Ben , Siems Lilly V. , Lucas Bradford , Tongren Jon Eric , Zigirumugabe Sixte , Dery Dominic , Fornadel Christen , George Kristen , Belemvire Allison , Carlson Jenny , Irish Seth R. , Armistead Jennifer S. , Seyoum Aklilu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe scale up of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide treated nets have contributed significantly to global reductions in malaria prevalence over the last two decades. However, widespread pyrethroid resistance has necessitated the use of new and more expensive insecticides for IRS. Partial IRS with pirimiphos-methyl in experimental huts and houses in a village-wide trial was evaluated against Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Ghana. Four different scenarios in which either only the top or bottom half of the walls of experimental huts were sprayed, with or without also spraying the ceiling were compared. Mortality of An. gambiae s.l. on partially sprayed walls was compared with the standard procedures in which all walls and ceiling surfaces are sprayed. A small-scale trial was then conducted to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and cost of spraying only the upper walls and ceiling as compared to full IRS and no spraying in northern Ghana. Human landing catches were conducted to estimate entomological indices and determine the effectiveness of partial IRS. An established transmission dynamics model was parameterized by an analysis of the experimental hut data and used to predict the epidemiological impact and cost effectiveness of partial IRS for malaria control in northern Ghana. In the experimental huts, partial IRS of the top (IRR 0.89, p = 0.13) or bottom (IRR 0.90, p = 0.15) half of walls and the ceiling was not significantly less effective than full IRS in terms of mosquito mortality. In the village trial, the annual entomological inoculation rate was higher for the unsprayed control (217 infective bites/person/year (ib/p/yr)) compared with the fully and partially sprayed sites, with 28 and 38 ib/p/yr, respectively. The transmission model predicts that the efficacy of partial IRS against all-age prevalence of malaria after six months would be broadly equivalent to a full IRS campaign in which 40% reduction is expected relative to no spray campaign. At scale, partial IRS in northern Ghana would have resulted in a 33% cost savings ($496,426) that would enable spraying of 36,000 additional rooms. These findings suggest that partial IRS is an effective, feasible, and cost saving approach to IRS that could be adopted to sustain and expand implementation of this key malaria control intervention.
A self-contained and self-explanatory DNA storage system
Authors: Li Min , Wu Jiashu , Dai Junbiao , Jiang Qingshan , Qu Qiang , Huang Xiaoluo , Wang Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrent research on DNA storage usually focuses on the improvement of storage density by developing effective encoding and decoding schemes while lacking the consideration on the uncertainty in ultra-long-term data storage and retention. Consequently, the current DNA storage systems are often not self-contained, implying that they have to resort to external tools for the restoration of the stored DNA data. This may result in high risks in data loss since the required tools might not be available due to the high uncertainty in far future. To address this issue, we propose in this paper a self-contained DNA storage system that can bring self-explanatory to its stored data without relying on any external tool. To this end, we design a specific DNA file format whereby a separate storage scheme is developed to reduce the data redundancy while an effective indexing is designed for random read operations to the stored data file. We verified through experimental data that the proposed self-contained and self-explanatory method can not only get rid of the reliance on external tools for data restoration but also minimise the data redundancy brought about when the amount of data to be stored reaches a certain scale.
Indications and outcomes for intravitreal injection of C3F8 gas for symptomatic vitreomacular traction
Authors: Guber Josef , Rusch Celine , Guber Ivo , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Valmaggia Christophe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the indications and outcomes of perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas injection for symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT). A retrospective analysis of eyes with VMT treated with 0.3 mL of C3F8 gas was performed. Patients were not asked to posture after gas injection. In phakic patients, cataract surgery was performed simultaneously. Patients were examined after one week and one month postoperatively. Twenty-nine consecutive eyes of 26 patients with symptomatic VMT who underwent pneumatic vitreolysis were included. A complete posterior vitreous detachment was achieved in 18 eyes (62.1%) after a single gas injection at the final visit. The rate of posterior vitreous detachment was reduced significantly with the presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) (p = 0.003). Three eyes formed a macular hole (MH) postoperatively and another eye developed a retinal detachment. Mean visual acuity increased significantly after one month (p < 0.008). Pneumatic vitreolysis is a viable option for treating VMT with few adverse events. Patient with concomitant ERM had a significantly lower success rate.
Nano-patterning on multilayer MoS2 via block copolymer lithography for highly sensitive and responsive phototransistors
Authors: Park Heekyeong , Lee Jiyoul , Han Gyuchull , AlMutairi AbdulAziz , Kim Young-Hoon , Lee Jaichan , Kim Young-Min , Kim Young Jun , Yoon Youngki , Kim Sunkook 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndirect bandgap of multilayer molybdenum disulfide has been recognized as a major hindrance to high responsivity of MoS2 phototransistors. Here, to overcome this fundamental limitation, we propose a structural engineering of MoS2 via nano-patterning using block copolymer lithography. The fabricated nanoporous MoS2, consisting of periodic hexagonal arrays of hexagon nanoholes, includes abundant edges having a zigzag configuration of atomic columns with molybdenum and sulfur atoms. These exposed zigzag edges are responsible for multiple trap states in the bandgap region, as confirmed by photo-excited charge-collection spectroscopy measurements on multilayer nanoporous MoS2 phototransistors, showing that in-gap states only near the valence band can result in a photogating effect. The effect of nano-patterning is therefore to significantly enhance the responsivity of multilayer nanoporous MoS2 phototransistors, exhibiting an ultra-high photoresponsivity of 622.2 A W−1. Our nano-patterning of MoS2 for photosensing application paves a route to structural engineering of two-dimensional materials for highly sensitive and responsive optoelectronic devices.
Preparation of FC(S)SF, FC(S)SeF and FC(Se)SeF through matrix photochemical reactions of F2 with CS2, SCSe, and CSe2
Authors: Bava Yanina B. , Cozzarín Melina V. , Della Védova Carlos O. , Willner Helge , Romano Rosana M. 
Published: September 2021

Ar-matrix photochemical reactions of F2 with CS2, SCSe, and CSe2 lead to the novel pentaatomic molecules with a syn-anti conformational equilibrium, through the intermediation of the molecular complexes between the reactants.
Oxytocin: much more than childbirth and milk letdown
Authors: Hollenberg Morley D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This commentary deals with the new observations that dendritic cell (DC) oxytocin receptors play a role in the inflammatory response generated in murine animal models of colitis. The overview provides a context of the discovery of oxytocin (OT), its chemical synthesis and the cell biology of its neurohypophysial synthesis and secretion. This perspective provides insight and raises questions to be answered related to the impact of OT in the gastrointestinal tract and to further the exploration of OT as a potentially locally synthesised regulator of intestinal inflammatory pathophysiology.
Metamaterial‐based linear phased array antenna with improved wide‐angle scanning bandwidth by parasitic metal strips
Authors: Zhang Qi , Jiang Wen , Liu Peng , Wei Kun , Hu Wei , Gong Shuxi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo metamaterial‐based linear phased array antennas with improved wide‐angle scanning bandwidth are designed in this study. Metamaterial antenna element consists of a metamaterial patch, periodic metal strips, distributed metal strips and slot coupling feeding structure. The bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna is improved by loading the periodic metal strips. Wide‐angle scanning bandwidth of arrays is attributed to the distributed metal strips. For an E‐plane array, the central element has a relative bandwidth of 30.0% (4.33‐5.86 GHz) for Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) <2 and the main beam can scan up to ±70° with a gain fluctuation less than 3.3 dB. For an H‐plane array, the central element has a relative bandwidth of 26.2% (4.41–5.74 GHz) for VSWR <2 and the main beam can scan up to ±70° with a gain fluctuation less than 2.5 dB. Two 7‐element linear phased array antennas are fabricated to verify the scanning performance. The measured and simulation results are in good agreement. The proposed antennas can be promising candidates for C‐band radar and satellite communication.
Key generation schemes for channel authentication in quantum key distribution protocol
Authors: Borodin Mikhail , Zhilyaev Andrey , Urivskiy Alexey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) systems enable secure key generation between two parties. Such systems require an authenticated classical channel for QKD protocols to work. Usually, the initial authentication key for this channel is pre‐shared. In this work, methods that are used to renew the pre‐shared keys ensuring a high level of security and performance for the subsequent quantum key generation are discussed. The model of QKD systems in terms of the lifecycle of the keys is formalised and a full set of parameters that can be used for key renewal functions is described. A detailed adversary model allows us to compare key renewal schemes by the probabilities of successful attacks and their consequences. As a result, it is shown that a hybrid key renewal scheme, which uses both the auxiliary pre‐shared key and a part of the quantum sequence, has the higher security properties among considered schemes and is recommended to be used in QKD systems.
Maser emission from the CO envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star W Hydrae
Authors: Vlemmings W. H. T. , Khouri T. , Tafoya D. 
Published: September 2021

Context.Observation of CO emission around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is the primary method to determine gas mass-loss rates. While radiative transfer models have shown that molecular levels of CO can become mildly inverted, causing maser emission, CO maser emission has yet to be confirmed observationally.Aims.High-resolution observations of the CO emission around AGB stars now have the brightness temperature sensitivity to detect possible weak CO maser emission.Methods.We used high angular resolution observations taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe the small-scale structure of COJ= 3−2 emission around the oxygen-rich AGB star W Hya.Results.We find CO maser emission amplifying the stellar continuum with an optical depthτ≈−0.55. The maser predominantly amplifies the limb of the star because COJ= 3−2 absorption from the extended stellar atmosphere is strongest towards the centre of the star.Conclusions.The CO maser velocity corresponds to a previously observed variable component of high-frequency H2O masers and with the OH maser that was identified as the amplified stellar image. This implies that the maser originates beyond the acceleration region and constrains the velocity profile since we find the population inversion primarily in the inner circumstellar envelope. We find that inversion can be explained by the radiation field at 4.6 μm and that the existence of CO maser emission is consistent with the estimated mass-loss rates for W Hya. However, the pumping mechanism requires a complex interplay between absorption and emission lines in the extended atmosphere. Excess from dust in the circumstellar envelope of W Hya is not sufficient to contribute significantly to the required radiation field at 4.6 μm. The interplay between molecular lines that cause the pumping can be constrained by future multi-level CO observations.