bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected Sanctions in Polish Social Assistance Law
Authors: Żołnierczyk Ewa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The social assistance system is determined by the support of individuals and families in their efforts to meet the necessary life needs. The purpose of assistance is to prevent difficult life situations that individuals and families cannot overcome using their own rights, resources and capabilities. This assistance must be provided in accordance with legal rules, and in all cases where these rules are not met, it must be modified, for example applying sanctions, otherwise it would turn into widespread distribution of public money. The author undertook an analysis of selected sanctions, which are provided for in the Act of 12 March 2004 on social assistance

The Act of 12 March 2004 on social assistance (Journal of Laws 2019, item 2473)
, reaching conclusions on the advisability and necessity of their application on a practical basis.
The convergence of Iteration Scheme to Fixed Points in Modular Spaces
Authors: Abduljabbar Meena Fouad , Abed Salwa Salman 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the convergence of an iteration scheme for multi-valued mappings which defined on a subset of a complete convex real modular. There are two main results, in the first result, we show that the convergence with respect to a multi-valued contraction mapping to a fixed point. And, in the second result, we deal with two different schemes for two multivalued mappings (one of them is a contraction and other has a fixed point) and then we show that the limit point of these two schemes is the same. Moreover, this limit will be the common fixed point the two mappings.
Enhancement of Non-Linear Generators and Calculate the Randomness Test for Autocorrelation Property
Authors: Alsaadi Ahmed Amer , Al-Shammari Ayad G. Naser 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, three main generators are discussed: Linear generator, Geffe generator and Bruer generator. The Geffe and Bruer generators are improved and then calculate the Autocorrelation postulate of randomness test for each generator and compare the obtained result. These properties can be measured deterministically and then compared to statistical expectations using a chi-square test.
Comparative analysis of Median filter family for Removing High-Density Noise in Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Habeeb Nada Jasim 
Published: June 2021

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical indicative test utilized for taking images of the tissue points of interest of the human body. During image acquisition, MRI images can be damaged by many noise signals such as impulse noise. One reason for this noise may be a sharp or sudden disturbance in the image signal. The removal of impulse noise is one of the real difficulties. As of late, numerous image de-noising methods were produced for removing the impulse noise from images. Comparative analysis of known and modern methods of median filter family is presented in this paper. These filters can be categorized as follows: Standard Median Filter; Adaptive Median Filter; Progressive Switching Median Filter; Noise Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Median Filter; and Different Applied Median Filter. The de-noising technique performance for each one is evaluated and compared using Peak Signal Noise Ratio, Structural Similarity index Metric, and Beta metric as quantitative metrics. The experimental results showed that the latest de-noising technique, Different Applied Median Filter (DAMF), produced better results in removing impulse noise compared with the other de-noising techniques. However, this filter produced de-noised image with nonlinear edges in high-density noise. As a result, noise removal from images is one of the low-level images processing which is considered as a first step in many image applications. Therefore, the efficiency of any image processed depends on the efficiency of noise removal technique.
A New Micro-composite Material of Micro-particle Amalgam/Polyvinyl Alcohol for Teething Structures
Authors: Abas Falak O. , Abass Raghad U. 
Published: June 2021

Dental amalgam is a mixture of approximately 50% mercury and varying ratios of silver, tin, zinc, and copper. Dental amalgam is a major source of mercury pollution because it is readily absorbed through 90-100% vapour and the oral mucosa. In addition, in certain situations with the oral environment, various types of metallic orthodontic brackets are highly aggressive and can lead to corrosion. However, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) material has no cytogenetic effects on human health or the environment and is therefore applied in the manufacturing of the new composite material. Different additives from the bonding agent (PVA; 2.4, 4.8, and 7.2 g) dissolved in about 10 ml of water, heated on a hot plate under a high-temperature heat treatment (150-200 á´¼C), and continuously stirred for about 20 minutes, until all the PVA dissolved or the solution became colorless. Subsequently, a fixed amount of powdered amalgam (2.4g) added after the mercury content was separated. It was continuously mixed until it reached a homogenous solution, then molded and cured to give the final product. New samples were used for the following purposes: (1) to investigate their effects on the chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the composite samples, (2) composite scanning and images from the EDS diffraction. Scanning lectron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the presence of the methyl group (CHI) that lowers the crystallinity of PVA, also forms bridges between the different chains obtained to indicate the suitable materials for guided dental applications.
An Improved Segmentation Technique for Early Detection of Exudates of Diabetic Retinopathy Disease
Authors: Mahmood Faleh H. , Aziz Shahad Abdul-Jabbar 
Published: June 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes- caused disease that is associated with leakage of fluid from the blood vessels into the retina, leading to its damage. It is one of the most common diseases that can lead to weak vision and even blindness. Exudates is a clear indication of diabetic retinopathy, which is the main cause of blindness in people with diabetes. Therefore, early detection of exudates is a crucial and essential step to prevent blindness and vision loss is in the analysis of digital diabetic retinopathy systems. This paper presents an improved approach for detection of exudates in retina image using supervised-unsupervised Minimum Distance (MD) segmentation method. The suggested system includes three stages; First, after image acquisition, it is pre-processed for preparing and improving its quality. Second, the simple toward interpretation and analysis of image is segmentation as another stage. In this research, we presented a method which is used for segmentation of exudates by the adaptive (supervised-unsupervised) Minimum Distance (MD) creation segmentation algorithm with two non-overlapping clusters. The method was proposed based on its performance compared with other methods and followed by exudates extraction as a final stage. This proposed framework helps the ophthalmologists to distinguish the problem earlier, which enables them to recommend a superior medication for forestalling further retinal harm.
representaciones sociales de la vejez y el envejecimiento en dos grupos de mujeres de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Gañán Moreno Anderson , Miranda Ávila Laura , Galvez Ortiz Claudia Alejandra Victoria 
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se describen las representaciones sociales de la vejez y del envejecimiento en dos grupos de mujeres en la ciudad de Medellín: uno de jóvenes y otro de adultas mayores. Se parte del concepto de las representaciones sociales sobre la vejez y el envejecimiento como maneras de conseguir sensatez con relación a la realidad convencional, lo que lo hace accesible a un significado común por el cual se comprende que la vejez es una producción de la sociedad, elaborada por la cultura y, específicamente, por la interacción social. Con un enfoque cualitativo se obtuvo la información a partir de encuestas, entrevistas y observaciones a dos grupos de mujeres en Medellín: uno de jóvenes de dieciocho a veinticinco años y otro de mayores de cincuenta a sesenta años. Entre los resultados y conclusiones se evidencia que existe un contraste con respecto a la percepción, la actitud y el núcleo figurativo, teniendo en cuenta el momento actual de la vida, pues no es igual estar en la etapa de la juventud que en la etapa de la vejez. Además, se debe tener presente que existen dificultades al momento de generalizar las características de la vejez en el ser humano, pues cada sujeto llega al envejecimiento con diversas experiencias de aprendizaje adquiridas en diversos contextos socioculturales, razón por la cual las características que se presentan en la vejez en relación con las funciones psicológicas y las funciones cognitivas se muestran de manera diferente en cada individuo.
PROJEÇÕES DE RESULTADOS ECONÔMICOS PARA UMA EMPRESA DO SETOR DE FRANQUIAS DE ESCOLAS DE IDIOMAS
Authors: Cordeiro Lucas Gamalel 
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo realizar a análise de resultados econômicos no setor de franquias de escolas de idiomas. Dificuldades em avaliar a rentabilidade e o risco de um investimento tem se mostrado cada vez mais comuns entre investidores. A falta de planejamento do investimento e a falta de preparo e capacitação dos investidores constituem-se como principais causas de problemas que provocam a morte de empresas antes do segundo ano de empreendimento. Como metodologia de execução do trabalho, foram levantados os dados, a partir de pesquisa documental, do fluxo de caixa médio de unidades franqueadas em funcionamento, fornecidas por uma rede de escolas de idiomas. Os dados foram lançados na planilha base, juntamente com uma Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA) definida pelo investidor, onde foram realizadas as projeções econômicas. Como resultados elaboraram-se cinco diferentes simulações de cenários de viabilidade econômica do investimento os quais variaram entre o mais pessimista e o mais otimista. Estas projeções de resultados econômicos contribuem para que outros investidores possam, a partir deste modelo, realizar suas próprias análises, minimizando os riscos envolvidos em suas atividades empreendedoras. E com relação ao investimento estudado, constatou-se a viabilidade, sugerindo-se o seu aceite.
Meadow communities of the Lower Priamurye
Authors: Моторыкина Татьяна Николаевна 
Published: June 2021

Работа посвящена изучению лугов Нижнего Приамурья. Приводится характеристика данной территории, согласно климатическому районированию Хабаровского края, указываются почвы, на которых формируются луговые сообщества, по А.П. Тильба представлена классификация луговых сообществ по условиям пойменного режима реки Амура, разделяя их на три уровня - высокий, средний и низкий со своими характерными для каждого уровня типами растительности. Рассмотрен растительный покров луговых сообществ каждого уровня поймы Амура. Указываются редкие виды растений, обнаруженные в результате изучения лугов. Для них приведены меры охраны, которые сводятся к включению их в Красные книги Российской Федерации: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum (2008) и Хабаровского края: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum, Potentilla freyniana (2019), к обитанию на заповедных территориях: государственного природного заповедника «Большехехцирский», природного парка «Шереметьевский», национального парка «Анюйский», природных парков «Хосо», «Вяземский», государственных природных заказниках «Хехцирский», «Чукенский», «Бирский», «Матайский» и контролю за состоянием популяций этих видов, ограничение сбора заготовок корневищ Dioscorea nipponica до полного запрета в местах интенсивного использования.
Here we report the results of the study of meadows of the Lower Priamurye. We characterize the territory according to climatic zoning of the Khabarovsk Region. The soils on which the meadow communities are formed, are noted. According the the classification by A.P. Tilba we present a classification of meadow communities under different flood regimes of the Amur River - high, medium and low. The vegetation of meadow communities at each level of the Amur floodplain is considered. Rare plant species found are reported. Security measures are proposed. Anomg them is an inclusion of the following plants to the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum (2008), and to the Red Data Book of the Khabarovsk Region: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum, Potentilla freyniana (2019). They also must be protected withing the protected areas: State Nature Reserve "Bolshekhekhtsirsky", Natural Park "Sheremetevsky", National Park "Anyuisky”, Natural Parks "Hoso", and "Vyazemsky", State Nature Reserves "Khekhtsirsky», "Chukensky", "Birsky", "Mataisky". Populatoins of the mentioned species must be monitored. The collection of rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica should be diminished up a complete ban.
Bryoflora of the state regional nature reserves of the Voronezh region
Authors: Попова Наталия Николаевна 
Published: June 2021

Обобщены результаты исследований брифолоры комплексных заказников Воронежской области (регионального значения). В составе бриофлоры выявлено 126 видов мохообразных, из них 10 видов занесены в Красную книгу Воронежской области. На основе данных о ландшафтном и бриофлористическом разнообразии, доле редких видов дана оценка природоохранной значимости заказников. Наиболее существенный вклад в территориальную охрану мохообразных вносят заказники «Воронежская нагорная дубрава» (86 видов) и «Семилукский» (76 видов).
Here we summarize the results of studies of mosses in reserves of the Voronezh. The bryoflora of these reserves contains 126 species of bryophytes, of which 10 species are listed in the Red Data Book of the Voronezh Region. The nature conservation significance of the reserves is assessed on the share of rare species. The most significant contribution to the territorial protection of bryophytes is made by the reserves Voronezhskaya Nagornaya Dubrava (86 species) and Semiluksky (76 species).
Tradição Calunduzeira
Authors: Nogueira Guilherme Dantas 
Published: June 2021

Objetiva-se debater como, para a afrorreligiosidade brasileira, tradição é um termo ressignificado a partir da diáspora, operando de forma dialética com a “colonial modernidade” e a partir da atuação das mães de santo. O tráfico negreiro trouxe ao Brasil milhões de africanas/os escravizadas/os, que dividiram cativeiro com ameríndias/os, com quem aprenderam conhecimentos centrais para sua prática religiosa. Desta experiência, forçadamente sincretizada com o catolicismo, nasceram os Calundus coloniais. Estes eram formas afrorreligiosas heterogêneas, que embasaram as atuais religiões de matriz africana e contaram com o saber e a liderança político-religiosa das mães de santo. Assim, no Brasil, faz mais sentido falar em religiões afro-brasileiras. A experiência da escravidão está incluída na tradição, sendo componente intrínseco da formação de sociabilidades em sua constante atualização. A tradição é um construto da resistência do povo negro brasileiro Ã colonização e Ã atual “colonial modernidade”.
Último Estado do Campo
Authors: Stella Marcello Giovanni Pocai 
Published: June 2021

Este artigo busca através da pesquisa de trajetórias pessoais e profissionais de autore(a)s brasileiro(a)s contemporâneo(a)s, estreantes em prosa ficcional (conto, crônica e romance) entre 1988 e 2015, compreender as dinâmicas e lógicas do polo de circulação restrita do campo literário brasileiro na virada do século XX para o século XXI. A partir do caminho percorrido pela pesquisa proponho que tal polo do campo literário encontra-se fortemente influenciado por lógicas econômicas advindas do polo mais comercial da literatura. Promovendo em seu interior o surgimento de posições duplas de autore(a)s e editoras, em outras palavras, autore(a)s e editoras são constantemente levados a se utilizar de estratégias mais comerciais para se promover mesmo entre seus pares mais eruditos, não podendo prescindir delas Ã revelia muitas vezes de seus interesses.
A construção imagética do índio e a prática fotográfica contemporânea
Authors: Amaral Micael , Oliveira Marília 
Published: June 2021

As fotografias que se seguem resultaram das viagens realizadas Ã aldeia Tukum, território indígena Tupinambá de Olivença, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Elas foram construídas de forma pactuada com a comunidade indígena no propósito de narrar uma pequena parte do cotidiano da aldeia. Buscou-se por uma estética e narrativa que demostrasse o envolvimento dos índios com a mata, representado pelas crianças, mulheres e homens camponeses empoderados e politicamente engajados, guiados pelos seus ancestrais, cuja cultura e luta se relacionam intrinsecamente com a terra. Essas imagens podem ser pensadas como um dos vetores possíveis, somados aos outros mecanismos próprios de interpretação da consciência étnica e cultural indígena. É uma produção fotográfica compartilhada, fruto de vivências e trocas intencionadas no reconhecimento das indianidades do povo Tukum.
Knowledge, Risk Perception, and Preventive Measures of COVID-19 among Medical and Nursing students in Samoa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Olayemi Lawal , Alex- Abraham Jyothi , Yemoh Vicky , Samuelu-Matthes Maatasesa 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: There has been unprecedented spread and re-evolving of the SARS-COV-2 throughout the world with the emergence of new strains of the virus. This study investigated the knowledge, risk perception and preventive measures of COVID-19 among Medical and Nursing Students in Samoa.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from August to October 2020 at the NUS. The study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed on specific social media and interactive online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp and Moodle groups of Medical and Nursing students. A total of 75 students participated in this study.
Results: About 88% of the study subjects were knowledgeable about COVID-19 and majority of them were females. 71% of the students were aware of early diagnosis of COVID-19. There was also a significant level (p=0.003) of association of COVID-19 in persons with underlying conditions and students’ academic levels, depicting that a greater percentage (92%) of the participants' perceived adults above age 65 and individuals in the high-risk groups (diabetic, hypertensive and cancer patients) were more prone to COVID-19. Most of the students (95%) stated that observing basic safety precautions; sneezing and coughing into the elbow (86%), regular hand washing with soap and water (89%), observing personal hygiene and social distancing (84%) and frequent use of hand sanitizers (76%), could prevent the contraction of COVID-19.
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that medical and nursing students, who are future frontline healthcare workers in Samoa, showed a considerable level of knowledge, risk perception and preventive behaviour towards COVID-19. Additionally updating the students’ knowledge about the diagnosis and case management of COVID-19 is imperative when implementing proper preventive strategies to curtail the spread of the disease.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON ORGANIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ajadi Memunat Tunrayo , Owolabi Abdulraheem Yinus , Kayode Falaye Elijah 
Published: June 2021

Football is one of the major sports that contribute to the economic and social development of a community which requires effective organization. However, this study examined impact of COVID-19 on the organization of professional football league in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to: assess the relationship between a postponement of league and pay cut of wages of players on the organization of football league. The descriptive research design of survey type was used. The population comprised all registered players and sports administrators. A stratified and purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents. Researcher-structured questionnaires were employed. The validity and reliability level of the instrument was through test re-test method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and a co-efficient of 0.85r was obtained. The administration of the instrument was done by the researchers and research assistants. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result of the findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between a postponement of league and pay cut of wages and organization of professional football league in Nigeria. The study concluded that the league management and NFF should meet with other stakeholders to brainstorm the modalities on the resumption of the league in Nigeria.
Teaching Oral English In Indonesian EFL Contexts During Globalized Challenging Time
Authors: Abduh Amirullah , Rosmaladewi Rosmaladewi , Mahmud Murni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper addresses the limited studies on Oral English (OE) worldwide and the absence of OE research publications from Indonesian contexts. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. This 6-month research project was undertaken in the Department of English Education at one of the public universities in Makassar, Indonesia. Out of 100 students, 30 student participants and 3 lecturers consented to engage voluntarily in the project. The data from questionnaires were analyzed via Ms. Excel's quantitative analysis thematically. The study indicates that students’ reflections on strategies of teaching OE: appropriate topic for presentation, logical sequence of presented information, and acknowledge the source of teaching materials. This study has the implication for the teaching of OE in other similar geographical contexts and settings and can be useful strategies for OE teachers and practitioners.Keywords: Perceptions, Students, Strategies, Teaching Oral English, EFL
Perbedaan Kompetensi Profesional Guru Matematika SD Melalui KKG Yang Dibina Meqip Dengan Yang Tidak Dibina Meqip Di Kabupaten Barru
Authors: Karliati Hj 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at discovering the degree of professional competence of elementary school’s mathematics teacher through Team Work Teachers (TWT) which trained and untrained by MEQIP, and also at examining to what extend the difference of professional competence level of elementary school;s mathematics teacher through TWT which trained and untrained by MEQIP at Barru. This study was descriptive and inferential research.The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics analysis and inferential statistcs analysis. The result of the level of professional competence of elementary school’s mahtematics teachers by TWT not by MEQIP was in average category, and likewise, teachers’ competence in mastering advance program required serious attention because. The level of professional competence of elementary school’s mathematics TWT trained by MEQIP was in good category, and teachers’ competence in compiling program of elementary school was undoubted because need tobe improved by giving sufficient facilities.
PEREMPUAN BERTATO (STUDI MAKNA SIMBOLIK TATO DI KOTA MAKASSAR)
Authors: Pangestika Widya Okta , Irwansyah Idham , S.M Mario 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determinan (1)the factors that cause womwn to use tattoos. (2) The symbolic meaning of tattoo images in tattoed women.This type of research is qualitatiive by determining the subject through the snowball sampling technique. The date collection techniques used were observation, interview and documentation, which were used to obtain concrete data related to problem in this study. The date obtained in this study were analyzed with qualitative descriptive analysis.The results of the study indicate that: (1). The factors that cause tattooed women to use tattoos include: a) internal factors, including interests and self-expression. b) external factors, including the enironment and idol figures. (2). The symbolic meaning of tattoo images in tattooed women include: a) as hope, b) as expression, c) as identity.