bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISDS Reform in the Context of China’s IIAs
Authors: Kong Qingjiang , Chen Kaiyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The investor–state dispute settlement mechanism enables investors to seek remedies in the face of a violation of related international investment agreements, which are crucial to maintaining the standards of investor protection that have been consented to by the contracting parties. On the other hand, more and more problems in the system have been exposed as the number of investor–state dispute settlement cases has increased. These range from substantive issues, such as the treatment granted to investors, to procedural ones, such as cost management and related procedures. Debates on investor–state dispute settlement reform have led to various options for reshaping the relevant mechanisms. Amid the new trend of investment liberalization and facilitation, China is undergoing a new round of bilateral investment treaty revision and free trade agreement negotiation. How the investor–state dispute settlement process is to be framed boils down to how China assesses its own interest vis-à-vis its partners and how it prioritises its objectives in international investment agreement negotiation with its partners. It is submitted that China should take a calculated risk on the investor–state dispute settlement provisions in international investment agreements with adequate consideration of competing interests.
Nitrate-responsive NIN-like protein transcription factors perform unique and redundant roles in Arabidopsis
Authors: Konishi Mineko , Okitsu Takayuki , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Upon sensing nitrate, NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-like protein (NLP) transcription factors alter gene expression to promote nitrate uptake and utilization. Of the nine NLPs in Arabidopsis, the physiological roles of only three NLPs (NLP6–NLP8) have been characterized to date. To evaluate the unique and redundant roles of Arabidopsis NLPs, we assessed the phenotypes of single and higher order nlp mutants. Unlike other nlp single mutants, nlp2 and nlp7 single mutants showed a reduction in shoot fresh weight when grown in the presence of nitrate as the sole nitrogen source, indicating that NLP2, like NLP7, plays a major role in vegetative growth. Interestingly, the growth defect of nlp7 recovered upon the supply of ammonium or glutamine, whereas that of nlp2 did not. Furthermore, complementation assays using chimeric constructs revealed that the coding sequence, but not the promoter region, of NLP genes was responsible for the differences between nlp2 and nlp7 single mutant phenotypes, suggesting differences in protein function. Importantly, nitrate utilization was almost completely abolished in the nlp septuple mutant (nlp2 nlp4 nlp5 nlp6 nlp7 nlp8 nlp9), suggesting that NLPs other than NLP2 and NLP7 also assist in the regulation of nitrate-inducible gene expression and nitrate-dependent promotion of vegetative growth in Arabidopsis.
RNA-regulatory exosome complex confers cellular survival to promote erythropoiesis
Authors: Mehta Charu , Fraga de Andrade Isabela , Matson Daniel R , Dewey Colin N , Bresnick Emery H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cellular differentiation requires vast remodeling of transcriptomes, and therefore machinery mediating remodeling controls differentiation. Relative to transcriptional mechanisms governing differentiation, post-transcriptional processes are less well understood. As an important post-transcriptional determinant of transcriptomes, the RNA exosome complex (EC) mediates processing and/or degradation of select RNAs. During erythropoiesis, the erythroid transcription factor GATA1 represses EC subunit genes. Depleting EC structural subunits prior to GATA1-mediated repression is deleterious to erythroid progenitor cells. To assess the importance of the EC catalytic subunits Dis3 and Exosc10 in this dynamic process, we asked if these subunits function non-redundantly to control erythropoiesis. Dis3 or Exosc10 depletion in primary murine hematopoietic progenitor cells reduced erythroid progenitors and their progeny, while sparing myeloid cells. Dis3 loss severely compromised erythroid progenitor and erythroblast survival, rendered erythroblasts hypersensitive to apoptosis-inducing stimuli and induced γ-H2AX, indicative of DNA double-stranded breaks. Dis3 loss-of-function phenotypes were more severe than those caused by Exosc10 depletion. We innovated a genetic rescue system to compare human Dis3 with multiple myeloma-associated Dis3 mutants S447R and R750K, and only wild type Dis3 was competent to rescue progenitors. Thus, Dis3 establishes a disease mutation-sensitive, cell type-specific survival mechanism to enable a differentiation program.
Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Canada
Authors: Swansburg Rose , Hai Tasmia , MacMaster Frank P , Lemay Jean-François 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic created an environment of restricted access to health and recreation services. Lifestyle habits including sleep, eating, exercise, and screen use were modified, potentially exacerbating adverse mental health outcomes. This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in paediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Canada.

Methods
An online survey was distributed across Canada to caregivers of children with ADHD (children aged 5 to 18 years) assessing depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), ADHD (SNAP-IV), and lifestyle behaviours. Data were analyzed by gender (male/female) and age category (5 to 8, 9 to 12, and 13 to 18 years). Spearman’s correlations between lifestyle habits and mental health outcomes were conducted.

Results
A total of 587 surveys were completed. Mean child age was 10.14 years (SD 3.06), including 166 females (28.3%). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 indicated that 17.4% and 14.1% of children met criteria for moderately severe to severe depression and anxiety symptoms respectively. Children met SNAP-IV cut-off scores for inattention (73.7%), hyperactivity/impulsivity (66.8%), and oppositional defiant disorder (38.6%) behaviours. Caregivers reported changes in sleep (77.5%), eating (58.9%), exercise (83.7%), and screen use (92.9%) in their ADHD child, greatly impacting youth. Sleeping fewer hours/night, eating more processed foods, and watching TV/playing videogames &gt;3.5 hours/day correlated with greater depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms, and exercising &lt;1 hour/day further correlated with depression symptoms (P&lt;0.01).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in less healthy lifestyle habits and increased mental health symptoms in Canadian children with ADHD. Longitudinal studies to better understand the relationship between these factors are recommended.
SmBICs Inhibit Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: He Yongjun , Li DaLu , Li ShaoHang , Liu Yang , Chen Huoying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Eggplant is rich in anthocyanins, which are thought to be highly beneficial for human health. It has been reported that blue light inhibitors of cryptochromes (BICs) act as negative regulators in light signal transduction, but little is known about their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, yeast one-hybrid analysis showed that SmBICs could bind to the promoter of SmCHS, indicating that they could directly participate in eggplant anthocyanin biosynthesis. In SmBICs-silenced eggplants, more anthocyanins were accumulated, while SmBIC1-overexpression (OE) and SmBIC2-OE Arabidopsis and eggplants synthesized less anthocyanin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also revealed that the anthocyanin structural genes, which were downregulated in SmBIC1-OE and SmBIC2-OE lines, were upregulated in SmBICs-silenced eggplants. In addition, transcriptome analysis further confirmed that differentially expressed genes of SmBICs-OE plants were enriched mainly in the pathways related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and the key transcription factors and structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as SmMYB1, SmTT8, SmHY5, SmCHS, SmCHI, SmDFR and SmANS, were suppressed significantly. Finally, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and blue-light-dependent degradation assay suggested that SmBICs interacted with photo-excited SmCRY2 to inhibit its photoreaction, thereby inhibiting the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and reducing anthocyanin accumulation. Collectively, our study suggests that SmBICs repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by inhibiting photoactivation of SmCRY2. This study provides a new working model for anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Advocacy Curricula in U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Brender Teva D. , Plinke Wesley , Arora Vineet M. , Zhu Jane M. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Recent national events, including the COVID-19 pandemic and protests of racial inequities, have drawn attention to the role of physicians in advocating for improvements in the social, economic, and political factors that affect health. Characterizing the current state of advocacy training in U.S. medical schools may help set expectations for physician advocacy and predict future curricular needs.

Method
Using the member school directory provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges, the authors compiled a list of 154 MD-granting medical schools in the United States in 2019–2020. They used multiple search strategies to identify online course catalogues and advocacy-related curricula using variations of the terms “advocacy,” “policy,” “equity,” and “social determinants of health.” They used an iterative process to generate a preliminary coding schema and to code all course descriptions, conducting content analysis to describe the structure of courses and topics covered.

Results
Of 134 medical schools with any online course catalogue available, 103 (76.9%) offered at least 1 advocacy course. Required courses were typically survey courses focused on general content in health policy, population health, or public health/epidemiology, whereas elective courses were more likely to focus specifically on advocacy skills building and to feature field experiences. Of 352 advocacy-specific courses, 93 (26.4%) concentrated on a specific population (e.g., children or persons with low socioeconomic status). Few courses (n = 8) focused on racial/ethnic minorities and racial inequities.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that while most U.S. medical schools offer at least 1 advocacy course, the majority are elective rather than required, and the structure and content of advocacy-related courses vary substantially. Given the urgency to address social, economic, and political factors affecting health and health equity, this study provides an important and timely overview of the prevalence and content of advocacy curricula at U.S. medical schools.
Adjuvant Temozolomide for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wu Jie , Shi Lunbo 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
The efficacy of adjuvant temozolomide to radiotherapy for glioblastoma remained elusive. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the influence of radiotherapy plus adjuvant temozolomide on the efficacy and safety for glioblastoma.

Methods
We have searched several databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through November 2020 and included randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of adjuvant temozolomide to radiotherapy for glioblastoma.

Results
Seven randomized controlled trials and 1900 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with radiotherapy for glioblastoma, adjuvant temozolomide was associated with significantly increased survival rate [odds ratio (OR), 4.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.61–6.24; P < 0.00001], median progression-free survival (mean difference, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.03–1.07; P = 0.04), and hematological complications (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.43–11.88; P = 0.009), but revealed no remarkable influence on adverse events (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.36–2.09; P = 0.75) or serious adverse events (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 0.55–8.70; P = 0.26).

Conclusions
Adjuvant temozolomide in combination with radiotherapy may improve the treatment efficacy for glioblastoma.
The gilded path: capital, habitus and illusio in the fund management field
Authors: Millar John 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe fund management sector plays an important role in society. The sector exists in close proximity to the accounting profession and the concerns of the paper reflect themes discussed by accounting scholars, particularly financialization, inequality and life within elite professional service organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis is an interpretive study of the fund management field based in the UK. It is based on 32 semi-structured interviews with individuals with personal experience of the field, combined with reflections from the researcher's own experience as a practitioner within the field.FindingsThe paper describes the backgrounds and motivations of individuals entering the field, the recruitment processes through which they are admitted, and the different strategies used to gain admission to the field. It explores the habitus of successful professionals in the field and the effects of this habitus.Social implicationsAn important social implication of the paper is the problematization of the fund management industry's dislocation from broader society.Originality/valueBy identifying the different strategies employed by applicants from different backgrounds, it highlights the role of reflexive agency and the complicity between agent and field. Recognizing that professional fund management is organized as a game, it suggests that individuals are so committed to the game they know they are playing that they fail to realize that they are also drawn into a different game, namely the absorbing game of being a fund manager.
IPD-inspired framework for measuring stakeholder integration in public-private partnerships
Authors: Malaeb Zeina , Hamzeh Farook R. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
In a public-private partnership (PPP), the private sector is represented by a company termed the special purpose vehicle (SPV), which combines different stakeholders including designers, contractors and service providers under one umbrella. Correct SPV team selection is critical to ensure PPP success as the SPV must act as an integrated entity. In fact, unless the SPV takes an active role in developing trust and promoting integration principles, segmentation of interests, highly adversarial atmospheres, loss of value and economic inefficiency will prevail. Absence of awareness of such principles among stakeholders and the scarcity of literature investigating SPV stakeholder integration create great risks that jeopardize project success. Accordingly, to mitigate the aforementioned risks and provide stakeholders with both the knowledge and the tools to instigate and maintain integration, this paper aims to develop and test a framework to measure SPV stakeholder integration, inspired by the correlation between integrated project delivery (IPD) and SPV operations.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a design science research approach, a structured review is conducted to develop the SPV integration metrics and framework. The framework is then validated through face validation by a panel of industry and academic experts to assess its applicability in measuring SPV integration. Finally, the framework is tested on a well-recognized international PPP project to measure the SPV integration level, and the outcomes are discussed and analyzed.

Findings
The framework was able to assess the integration level of the studied SPV highlighting several areas of low-integration settings and providing guidance for achieving better integration.

Originality/value
This research is the first that develops a model to investigate the SPV’s integration level, from a holistic IPD perspective, to enable successful relationship management and enhance collaboration success. This study inspires practical recommendations for PPP practitioners to reduce the risks of segregated SPVs and their contribution to PPP failure.
Can efficient transport moderate real sector productivity?
Authors: Arshed Noman , Sardar Muhammad Shahzad , Iqbal Mubasher 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study aims to test the role of infrastructure for economic growth. For this purpose, panel data of the world is selected from 1998 to 2018 and the study has used slope moderator to test the productivity of real economic activity with economic growth.Design/methodology/approachIn this context, the feasible generalized least square method is adopted to estimate the results. Four types of infrastructure indicators i.e. quality of air, port, rail and road are used along with disaggregated GDP.FindingsAccording to the results of this study, the role of industrial and agricultural value addition without infrastructure is negative. For industrial value addition, the cross product with all infrastructure types positively impacts economic growth. All the infrastructures, along with services value addition, except seaport, are contributing to economic growth positively. Along with agriculture value addition, only road infrastructure is contributing to economic growth positively. This study has also used two control variables i.e. quality of education and institutions. These variables are also found to be positive and significant with economic growth.Originality/valueThis study explores the moderating role of quality of infrastructure sector on real sector productivity, which is leading to economic growth.
The impact of accessibility of mobile devices on the intention to post online reviews
Authors: Han Jeongsoo , Jun Mina 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how the characteristic of mobile devices, particularly high accessibility, influences a consumer's intention to post an online review depending on the valence of consumption experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs a between-subject design of experimental study based on different scenarios with 378 participants. A pretest is conducted to confirm that participants perceive the experimental scenarios as intended prior to proceeding with the main experimental study.FindingsThe authors’ experimental analysis shows that the intention to post a review of extreme positive and negative experiences is significantly higher when the level of accessibility for review-posting is high. By contrast, the intention to post a review of neutral consumption experiences is neither higher nor lower regardless of the level of accessibility.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper contribute to a better understanding of online reviews by demonstrating how high accessibility for review-posting have differential influences on the intentions to post online reviews depending on the valence of consumer experiences. The findings provide important theoretical and managerial implications.
Continued use intention of wearable health technologies among the elderly: an enablers and inhibitors perspective
Authors: Talukder Md. Shamim , Laato Samuli , Islam A.K.M. Najmul , Bao Yukun 
Published: May 2021

PurposeWearable health technologies (WHTs) show promise in improving the health and well-being of the aging population because they promote healthy lifestyles. They can be used to collect health information from users and encourage them to be physically active. Despite potential benefits of WHTs, recent studies have shown that older people have low continued use intention toward WHTs. Previous work on this topic is disjointed, and new theoretical viewpoints are required.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose an enablers and inhibitors perspective to model factors influencing continued use intention of WHTs among the elderly. To test the model, we collected data from Chinese elderly (N = 295) who had prior experience using WHTs.FindingsThe study results show that social value is the strongest enabler of continued WHT use, and emotional and epistemic values and device quality also increase use continuance. Inertia and technology anxiety were identified as significant inhibitors. A post hoc importance performance map analysis revealed that while emotional value is a highly significant predictor of continued WHT use, existing WHTs do not stimulate such value in our sample.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings illustrate the importance of incorporating user resistance in technology acceptance studies in general and WHT usage studies in particular. This study contributes by providing an integrative model of technology continued use intention for the elderly along with practical implications for policymakers.Originality/valueA limited number of prior studies have taken both enablers and inhibitors into account when explaining continued WHT use intention among the elderly. This paper fills this research gap and contributes to the WHT literature by considering both enablers and inhibitors in the same model. Moreover, this study contributes to the ongoing research on WHT, and more broadly, gerontechnology use among the elderly.
Spatial analysis of child labour in India
Authors: Prashad Lokender , Dutta Mili , Dash Bishnu Mohan 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study on spatial analysis of child labour in India is a macro level analysis on child labour using the census data, 2011 of Government of India. The population census which is conducted once in 10 years only provides district level data on work-force distribution. The study has spatial analysis of child labour in the age group of 5–14 years in India. To assess the magnitude of the children in the labour force, district level data of Census 2011 has been used in the study. The study has made an attempt to identify the districts where there is high level of children in the labour force. This paper aims to estimate the magnitude and trends of children’s workforce participation using the census data as it is the only data base, which is available at the district level since 1961 onwards. The study has made an attempt to identify the clustering of child labour across districts in India and how child labour is clustered by different background characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
The study has used ArcGIS software package, GeoDa software and local indicator of spatial association test.

Findings
The findings of study reveal that the proportion of rural, total fertility rate (TFR) and poverty headcount ratio is positively associated, whereas female literacy and the pupil-teacher ratio are negatively associated with child labour. It suggests that in the hot-spot areas and areas where there is a high prevalence of child labour, there is need to increase the teacher's number at the school level to improve the teacher-pupil ratio and also suggested to promote the female education, promote family planning practices to reduce TFR in those areas for reducing the incidences of child labour.

Research limitations/implications
The study also recommends that the incidences of child labour can be controlled by a comprehensive holistic action plan with the active participation of social workers.

Practical implications
The promulgation of effective legislation, active involvement of judiciary and police, political will, effective poverty alleviation and income generation programmes, sensitisation of parents, corporates and media can play effective role in mitigating the incidences of child labour in India. To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) adopted by world leaders in 2015 to eradicate child labour in all its forms by 2025.

Social implications
The study aims to achieve the SDGs adopted by world leaders in 2015 to eradicate child labour in all its forms by 2025.

Originality/value
The study is purely original and there are no such studies in Indian context by using the latest software.