bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Proteins Induce both Humoral and Cell-mediated Immune Responses in Mice and Goats
Authors: Xue Xiaojuan , Yu Zhaorong , Jin Hongyan , Liang Lin , Li Jiayang , Li Xiaolu , Wang Yong , Cui Shangjin , Li Gang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an acute, highly contagious and economically important zoonotic disease caused by the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). There is a need for effective and safe stable recombinant vaccine for the control of the disease. The human type 5 replication-defective adenovirus expression vector is a good way to construct recombinant vaccines.Results: Three recombinant adenoviruses (rAd) were successfully constructed that expressed the VSV Indiana serotype glycoprotein (VSV-IN-G), VSV New Jersey serotype glycoprotein (VSV-NJ-G), and the G fusion protein (both serotypes of G [VSV-IN-G-NJ-G]) with potentiality to induce protective immunity. G proteins were successfully expressed with good immunogenicity. The rAds could induce the production of VSV antibodies in mice, and VSV neutralizing antibodies in goats, respectively. The neutralizing antibody titers could reach 1:32 in mice and 1:64 in goats. The rAds induced strong lymphocyte proliferation in mice and goats, which was significantly higher compared to the negative control groups. Conclusions: The three rAds constructed in the study expressed VSV-G proteins and induced both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and goats. These results lay the foundation for further studies on the use of rAds in vaccines expressing VSV-G.
Effects of Unweighting on Gait Kinematics During Walking on a Lower-Body&nbsp;Positive-Pressure&nbsp;Treadmill in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kataoka Yoshiaki , Shimizu Tomohiro , Takeda Ryo , Tadano Shigeru , Saito Yuki , Osuka Satoshi , Ishida Tomoya , Samukawa Mina , Irie Tohru , Takahashi Daisuke , Iwasaki Norimasa , Tohyama Harukazu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal condition that makes walking difficult due to pain induced by weight-bearing activities. Treadmills that support the body weight (BW) reduce the load on the lower limbs, and those equipped with a lower-body positive-pressure (LBPP) device, developed as a new method for unweighting, significantly reduce pain in patients with knee OA. However, the effects of unweighting on gait kinematics remain unclear in patients with hip OA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of unweighting on kinematics in patients with hip OA during walking on a treadmill equipped with an LBPP device. Methods: A total of 15 women with hip OA and 15 age-matched female controls wore a three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system and walked at a self-selected speed on the LBPP treadmill. Data regarding self-reported hip pain using a numeric rating scale (NRS) in which the scores 0 and 10 represented no pain and the worst pain, respectively, under three different BW conditions (100%, 75%, and 50%) were collected. Moreover, 3-D peak joint angles during gait under each condition were calculated and compared. Results: In the hip OA group, the NRS pain scores at 50% and 75% BW conditions significantly decreased compared with that at 100% BW condition (50%, P=0.002; 75%, P=0.026), and the peak hip extension angle decreased compared with that in the healthy controls (P=0.044). In both groups, unweighting significantly decreased the peak hip (P<0.001) and knee (P<0.001) flexion angles and increased the peak ankle plantar flexion angle (P<0.001) during walking. Conclusions: Unweighting by the LBPP treadmill decreased pain in the hip OA group but did not drastically alter the gait kinematics compared with that in the control group. Therefore, regarding the use of the LBPP treadmill for patients with hip OA, clinicians should consider the benefits of pain reduction rather than the kinematic changes.
Frailty Indexed Classification of Bangladeshi Older Adults’ Physio-psychosocial Health and Associated Risk Factors- A Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Akter Saleha , Farhana Zaki , Hossain Mohammad Kamal , Hasan Mohammad Nayeem , Islam Md. Nazrul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Frailty is associated with healthy ageing, and it has been identified as a means of measuring older adults’ physio-psychosocial health. We know about the ageing trends and common diseases of older adults living in South Asia, but literature to date does not widely feature their health status based on frailty, especially in Bangladesh. This study aims to understand the prevalence of frailty in Bangladeshi older adults; classify their health status; and investigate associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the north-eastern region (i.e. Sylhet City Corporation) of Bangladesh. Four hundred participants aged 55 years and above were randomly selected, attended a health assessment session and completed a multi-indicator survey questionnaire. We developed a 30-indicator Frailty Index (FI30) to assess the participant’s health status and categorized: good health (no-frailty/Fit); slightly poor health (mild frailty); poor health (moderate frailty); and very poor health (severe frailty). Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results: The participants’ mean age was 63.6 years, and 61.6% of them were assessed in poor to very poor health (moderate frailty/36.3% - severe frailty/25.3%). The eldest, female and participants from lower family income were found more frailty than their counterparts. Participants aged 70 years and above were more likely (adjusted OR: 4.23, 95 % CI: 2.26–7.92, p < 0.0001) to experience frailty (medical conditions) than the pre-elderly age group (55-59 years). Female participants were more vulnerable (adjusted OR=1.487, 95% CI: 0.84-2.64, p < 0.0174) to frailty (medical conditions) than male. Also, older adults who had higher family income (Income>$473.3) found a lower risk (adjusted OR: 0.294, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76, p<0.011) of frailty (poor health).Conclusion: Our study results confirm the prevalence of frailty-related disorders in Bangladeshi older adults and highlight the importance of targeted clinical and community-led preventive care programs.
Use of community-based interventions to promote Family Planning use among Pastoralist women in Ethiopia: Cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alemayehu Mussie , Medhanyie Araya Abrha , Reed Elizabeth , Bezabih Afework Mulugeta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: - Afar region is one of the pastoralists dominated regions in Ethiopia. The region is characterized by a low contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) with 5.4%. Lack of awareness, husband objection, and religious influence was the reasons attributed to low CPR in the region. As objective we assessed the effect of a community-based interventions for promoting FP use among pastoralist communities of Afar region state, Ethiopia.Methods: The design was parallel, cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) recruiting married women. It had three arms: 1) women’s education on FP, 2) male involvement in FP education and 3) control with one to one ratio. A total of 33 kebeles (lowest administrative structure) were randomized and allocated. Women’s FP education and male involvement in FP education were the interventions. It was implemented using 1) health education on FP to married women and men by faema leaders (a traditional community-based structure that serves as a social support group) 2) Video-assisted message on FP, and 3) Assisting the faema leader using health workers. The intervention was given for a total of 9 months. FP use and intentions were measured as outcome variables based on woman’s perspectives. Cluster level summaries considering a cluster effect analysis was performed. The result was presented with adjusted risks and 95% CI. A p-value <0.05 was used to declare statistically significant.Results: There was a positive change in the proportion of married women who use FP in the women’s FP education arm, absolute risk (AR) of 0.13(95% CI,0.08,0.17) and male involvement arm with AR of 0.29 (95% CI, 0.23,0.34) as compared to the control arm. In the control arm, the proportion of FP use was 4.3%, whereas it was 17.5% with women who receive FP education and 34% in the male involvement arm. Furthermore, the proportion of married women who had high intention to use FP was high in arms of women’s FP education and male involvement with AR=3.4(95% CI: 2.48,4.91) and AR=2.1 (95% CI: 1.5,2.95), respectively as compared with the control arm. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the effctienesswomen’s education on FP and male involvement in FP education brings a significant change in increasing the number of women who use FP and intention. Using the community-led support groups in the pastoralist community appears to be effective in increasing the number of women FP users and intention to use.Trial registration: NCT03450564
Self-reported Morbidities, Nutritional Characteristics, and associated factors in Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: Abdelhafid Benksim , Rachid Ait Addi , Elhassania Khalloufi , Aziz Habibi , Mohammed Cherkaoui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
AbstractBackground: As the world's population ages and people live longer, it seems important to ensure that older people have a good quality of life and positive subjective well-being. The objective of this study is to determine socio-economic, health and nutritional characteristics of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders in the province of Marrakech.Methods: This study was conducted among 368 elderly people in the province of Marrakech between March 2017 and June 2019. Of all participants, 180 elderly people reside in a public establishment and 188 of them live at home. Data on health conditions, nutritional status, functional and socio-economic characteristics were collected. Statistical analysis used SPSS software.Results: Institutionalized elders were illiterate (80.0%), had low incomes (95.5%), and unmarried (73.3%).They reported no children (56.1%) and no health insurance (98.9%). Institutional residents suffered from malnutrition (22.2%), hearing impairments (35.6%) and severe edentulism (43.3%). There was no significant difference between both groups on daily activities and depression. A multivariate analysis identified a model with three significant variables associated with non-institutionalized elders: health insurance (P=0.001; OR=107.49), number of children (P=0.001; OR=1.74) and nutritional status (p=0.001; OR=3.853). The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Conclusions: This study shows that the institutionalization of the elderly is considerably induced by various factors such as nutritional problems, lack of health insurance and family structure. To mitigate the effects of this phenomenon, home care strategies and preventive actions should be carried out to delay the referral of the elderly to institutions and to keep them socially active.
GLUT5 (SLC2A5) enables fructose-mediated proliferation independent of ketohexokinase
Authors: Liang Roger Jie , Taylor Samuel , Nahiyaan Navid , Song Junho , Murphy Charles J , Dantas Ezequiel , Cheng Shuyuan , Hsu Ting-Wei , Ramsamooj Shakti , Grover Rahul , Hwang Seo-Kyoung , Ngo Bryan , Cantley Lewis C , Rhee Kyu Y , Goncalves Marcus DaSilva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: Fructose is an abundant source of carbon and energy for cells to use for metabolism, but only certain cell types use fructose to proliferate. Tumor cells that acquire the ability to metabolize fructose have a fitness advantage over their neighboring cells, but the proteins that mediate fructose metabolism in this context are unknown. Here, we investigated the determinants of fructose-mediated cell proliferation. Methods: Live cell imaging and crystal violet assays were used to characterize the ability of several cell lines (RKO, H508, HepG2, Huh7, HEK293T (293T), A172, U118-MG, U87, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, PC3, DLD1 HCT116, and 22RV1) to proliferate in fructose (i.e. the fructolytic ability). Fructose metabolism gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot for each cell line. A positive selection approach was used to “train” non-fructolytic PC3 cells to utilize fructose for proliferation. RNA-seq was performed on parental and trained PC3 cells to find key transcripts associated with fructolytic ability. A CRISPR-cas9 plasmid containing KHK-specific sgRNA was transfected in 293T cells to generate KHK -/- cells. Lentiviral transduction was used to overexpress empty vector, KHK, or GLUT5 in cells. Metabolic profiling was done with Seahorse metabolic flux analysis as well as LC/MS metabolomics. Cell Titer Glo was used to determine cell sensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose in media containing either fructose or glucose. Results: We found that neither the tissue of origin nor expression level of any single gene related to fructose catabolism determine the fructolytic ability. However, cells cultured chronically in fructose can develop fructolytic ability. SLC2A5, encoding the fructose transporter, GLUT5, was specifically upregulated in these cells. Overexpression of GLUT5 in non-fructolytic cells enabled growth in fructose-containing media across cells of different origins. GLUT5 permitted fructose to flux through glycolysis using hexokinase (HK) and not ketohexokinase (KHK). Conclusions: We show that GLUT5 is a robust and generalizable driver of fructose-dependent cell proliferation. This indicates that fructose uptake is the limiting factor for fructose-mediated cell proliferation. We further demonstrate that cellular proliferation with fructose is independent of KHK.
Estimation of Healthcare-related Charges in Women with BRCA Mutations and Breast Cancer&nbsp;
Authors: Biskupiak Joseph , Unni Sudhir , Telford Claire , Yoo Minkyoung , Ye Xiangyang , Deka Rishi , Brixner Diana , Stenehjem David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer costs were estimated at $16.5 billion in 2010 and were higher than other cancer costs. There are limited studies on breast cancer charges and costs by BRCA mutations and receptor status. We examined overall health care and breast cancer-related charges by BRCA status (BRCAm vs. BRCAwt), receptor status (HER2+ vs. HER2-), and treatment setting (neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant). MethodsRetrospective cohort study of charge data from 1995-2014 in an academic medical center. Facilities, physician, pharmacy, and diagnosis-related charges were presented as mean and median charges with standard deviation (SD) and interquartile ranges (25%-75%). Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess statistically significant differences in charges between comparators. ResultsTotal median breast-cancer related charges were $65,414 for BRCAm and $54,635 for BRCAwt (p=0.19); however all-cause charges were higher for BRCAm patients ($145,066 vs. $119,119, p<0.001). HER2+ status was associated with higher median breast cancer charges ($152,159 vs. $44,087, p<0.0001) that was driven by the charges for biological agents. Patients initially seen in the neoadjuvant setting had higher mean breast cancer charges than in the adjuvant setting ($117,922 vs. $80,061, p<0.0001).ConclusionBRCA mutation status was not associated with higher breast cancer charges but HER2+ status had significantly higher charges, due to charges for biological agents. Patients who initially received neoadjuvant treatment had significantly higher overall treatment charges than adjuvant therapy patients. With the advent of novel therapies for BRCAm, the economic impact of these treatments will be important to consider relative to their survival benefits.
A Preliminary Clinical Trial to Evaluate 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab as a Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Inki , Lim Ilhan , Byun Byung Hyun , Kim Byung Il , Choi Chang Woon , Woo Sang-Keun , Kim Kwang Il , Lee Kyo Chul , Kang Joo Hyun , Seong Min-Ki , Kim Hyun-Ah , Noh Woo Chul , Lim Sang Moo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the biodistribution and safety of 64Cu-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-Trastuzumab, a novel 64Cu-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in patients with breast cancer.Methods: PET images at 1, 24, and 48 h after 296 MBq of 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab injection were obtained from seven patients with breast cancer. Both the primary tumors’ and metastatic lesions’ maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was evaluated. The mean SUVmax (SUVmean) was evaluated in the other organs, including the blood pool, liver, kidney, muscle, spleen, bladder, and the lungs, as well as the bones. Moreover, the internal radiation dosimetry was calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software. Safety was assessed based on feedback regarding adverse reactions and safety-related issues within 1 month after 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab administration.Results: 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab PET images showed that the overall SUVmean values in each organ negatively correlated with time. The liver’s average SUVmean values were measured at 5.3 ± 0.7, 4.8 ± 0.6, and 4.4 ± 0.5 on 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after injection, respectively. The average SUVmean blood values were measured at 13.1 ± 0.9, 9.1 ± 1.2, and 7.1 ± 1.9 on 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after injection, respectively. The SUVmax of HER2-positive tumors were relatively higher than HER2-negative tumors (8.6 ± 5.1 and 5.2 ± 2.8 on 48 h after injection, respectively). Tumor-to-background ratios were higher in the HER2-positive tumors than in the HER2-negative tumors. No adverse events related to 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab were reported. The calculated effective dose with a 296 MBq injection of 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab was 2.96 mSv. The highest absorbed dose was observed in the liver (0.076 mGy/MBq), followed by the spleen (0.063 mGy/MBq), kidney (0.044 mGy/MBq), and heart wall (0.044 mGy/MBq).Conclusions: 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab showed a specific uptake at the HER2-expressing tumors, thus making it a feasible and safe monitoring tool of HER2 tumor status in patients with breast cancer.Trial registration: CRIS, KCT0002790. Registered 02 February 2018, https://cris.nih.go.kr
Comparative analysis of clinical factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out during or immediately after surgery between intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography and postoperative computed tomography&nbsp;
Authors: Sumiya Satoshi , Fukushima Kazuyuki , Kurosa Yoshiro , Hirai Takashi , Inose Hiroyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background No studies to date have elucidated the clinical factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out during or immediately after surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of pedicle screw pull-out by comparing intraoperative scans obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with postoperative scans obtained using computed tomography (CT). We also sought to determine the incidence of pedicle screw pull-out and identify relevant risk factors. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for 742 pedicle screws placed in 76 consecutive patients who underwent at least triple-level posterior fixation for thoracic or lumbar spinal injury, spinal metastasis, or pyogenic spondylitis between April 2014 and July 2020. Pedicle screw pull-out distance in the axial and sagittal planes was compared between CT scans obtained 2 days postoperatively and CBCT images acquired intraoperatively. Risk factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Pedicle screw pull-out was seen with 58 pedicle screws (7.8%) in 26 patients (34.2%). There were significant differences in age, number of fused segments, frequency of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and medical history of osteoporosis for pedicle screw pull-out. Risk factors for pedicle screw pull-out were older age (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.130) and a diagnosis of DISH (odds ratio 3.35, 95% confidence interval 1.12–10.00). Several cases suggest that use of connecting rods was an important factor in intraoperative pedicle screw pull-out. Conclusions Our findings suggest that age, number of fused segments, presence of DISH, and medical history of osteoporosis are risk factors for pedicle screw pull-out, with the greatest being older age and DISH.
Changes in hemodialysis catheter management after introduction of the end-stage renal disease prospective payment system
Authors: Roetker Nicholas S. , Guo Haifeng , Decker-Palmer Marquita , Peng Yi , Wetmore James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: We investigated whether implementation of the end-stage renal disease prospective payment system (ESRD PPS) was associated with changes in thrombolytic therapy use and other aspects of catheter management in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Using quarterly, period prevalent cohorts of patients undergoing maintenance HD with a catheter in the US Renal Data System (2008-2015), we studied rates of claims for within- and outside-HD-unit thrombolytic use, and thrombus/fibrin sheath removal, and rates of delayed HD treatment after ESRD PPS implementation, January 1, 2011. Associations between PPS implementation and change in trend of rates of each outcome were assessed using covariate-adjusted Poisson regression, using a piecewise linear function for quarter-time (with breakpoint at PPS implementation). Results: Among an average of 69,428 quarterly catheter users, rates of claims for within-HD-unit thrombolytic use declined from 236.6 (Q1-2008) to 81.4 (Q4-2012) per 100 person-years ( P < 0.0001, PPS association with change in trend); rates of claims for thrombus/fibrin sheath removal procedures increased from 3.9 (Q1-2008) to 8.8 (Q3-2015) per 100 person-years ( P = 0.0001, PPS association with change in trend). Rates of delayed HD treatment increased from 1.6 (Q2-2008) to 2.3 (Q3-2015) per patient-quarter, although PPS implementation was associated with a decrease in this rising trend (1.6% increase per quarter pre-PPS, 1.2% post-PPS; P < 0.0001, change in trend). ﻿Conclusions: After PPS implementation, thrombolytic use decreased and thrombus/fibrin sheath removal increased. The increasing trend in delayed HD treatment appeared to slow after PPS implementation, but delayed sessions continued to increase year over year for unclear reasons.