bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of metal protection techniques and application of drugs as corrosion inhibitors on metals
Authors: Nduma R.C. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Nkiko M.O. , Inegbenebor A.O. , Udoye N. E. , Onyisi O. , Sanni O. , Fayomi J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The inability of metals to resist degradation as a result of corrosion remains a unique global problem that depend on different metals for daily operations. Therefore, knowing the appropriate method to use is a key to ameliorate corrosion effect on metals. Green inhibitors serve as a modern, cheaper and environmentally favorable method to retard the effects of corrosion. Drugs are corrosion inhibitors which can reduce the action of corrosion without being hazardous to the environment as they are synthesized from natural products. The review studies the metal protection techniques and the use of drug as corrosion inhibitors. The importance of copper as a useful metal as good corrosion resistance due to inherent properties alongside its malleability was also discussed.
Corrosion behavior of Electro-deposited Ni-Cr2O3/SnO2 coatings on mild steel
Authors: Raswiswi P.B , Kanyane L.R , Fayomi J. , Popoola A.P.I , Fayomi O.S.I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The increasing use of mild steel in diverse environments and under different conditions requires the increased interest in research into these groups of specific steels with attention to their moderate corrosion rate and performance. The electrochemical study of Ni-Cr2O3/SnO2 coating was studied using potentiodynamic techniques. The microhardness properties of the deposits were studied using Emco microhardness tester. The effect of Cr2O3/SnO2 on nickel-based coatings was investigated to analyze the corrosion resistance of the coating by using the polarization method. The result indicates a reduction in corrosion rate with the addition of Cr2O3/SnO2 and the hardness of the coated sample also reduced drastically with the addition of SnO2 to the bath.
Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of MIG Welded Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Abima C.S. , Akinlabi S.A. , Madushele N. , Fatoba O.S. , Akinlabi E.T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The need for sustainable materials in engineering applications cannot be overemphasized. Engineering innovation and material manufacturing and processing are now geared towards longevity and safety. Aluminium is one of the few materials that meets the ever-increasing demand for lightweight and high strength materials for various industries, including; aircraft industries, marine, solar panels, automobile, construction companies and many other applications to mention but just a few. Aluminium is known to possess excellent mechanical properties which makes them very useful and desirable. However, the final metallurgical and mechanical properties which characterise the final quality and strength of every weld depends on: (i) the technique employed in the welding of the component together and (ii) the selected process parameters for the welding operation. This work focuses on analysing the effect of heat input as a function of welding current, welding voltage and welding speed on the mechanical and microstructural behaviour of 150 × 100 × 3 mm3 aluminium sheets produced by metal inert gas welding. The parameters were set to represent the low, medium and high heat input values. It is imperative to determine the mechanical properties as a function of the structural integrity of welds to ascertain their functionality and durability for typical applications. Tensile testing, vickers hardness and microstructural examination were performed. The result revealed finer grain structures at lower heat input and more grain deformation and elongation occurring as heat input increases. The hardness property reduces (from 43.57 HV to 39.48 HV in the fusion zone as heat input increases. The width of the weld bead increases (from 328 μm to 496 μm) as heat input increases. However, the selected welding parameters did not greatly influence the tensile properties of the welded joints.
A Review on Waste-wood Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites for Sustainable Development
Authors: Babatunde Fadare Olugbenga , Omotayo Adewuyi Benjamin , Oluwole Oladele Isiaka , Ukoba Kingsley 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study reviews the various techniques used in the preparation and processing of waste-wood fibre/particle reinforced polymer matrix composite with special interests on mechanical and structural applications. Polymer composite materials are being used in a wide range of structural applications such as construction, safety wears, aerospace and automotive industries owing to their lightweight, high specific stiffness and strength. A number of materials are being used ranging from lower performance of glass fibre/polyester used in small sail boats and domestic products to high performance of carbon fibre/epoxy systems used in military aircraft and spacecraft. In recent years, many studies have been dedicated to utilize organic fillers such as coconut shell, coir, wood, pineapple leaf, cow bone, palm kernel shell, rice husk. As fillers in order to replace synthetic fillers through utilization of natural fillers or reinforcement in thermoplastic and thermoset polymer composites in an attempt to minimize the cost, manage waste-wood, increase productivity and enhance mechanical properties of composites. Waste-wood as reinforcing fillers in plastics, in place of the previously used inorganic substances and synthetic fibres, offer a major benefit in terms of environmental protection. The benefits offered by waste-wood over synthetic fibres are low densities, non-abrasive, non-toxic, high stiffness and specific properties.
Solar powered cars - a review
Authors: Babalola P.O. , Atiba O.E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The world population is increasing and so is the demand for transportation. The commonest of the means of transportation has been the automobile. And while the automobile industry is growing proportionally with population increase, there are still many problems with managing the causes of the pollution by automobiles. Hence, to cater for the needs of the society and still protect our environment, researchers have been seeking alternative sources to power transportation with little or no harmful emission. Suggested forms of energy for automobiles would be ones that are sustainable over the years. There are various available options of solar-powered vehicles which produces electricity through photovoltaic cells without any form of harmful waste to the atmosphere. In developing solar cars in particular, some discovery has been made in the aspect of effectively capturing, converting, and storing the solar energy to make it competitive with the conventional fossil fuel drive vehicles. This review covers the advancement and gaps in existing literature in the modulus operand of solar cars.
Short review on nanocomposite coating advances in the industry
Authors: Emmanuel O.A. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Agboola O. , Ayoola A.A , Oloke O.C. , Amusan L.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Study on the nanocomposite coating is on increase due to their multifunctional characteristics in industries. Nanocomposite coatings are made up of two or more immiscible nanomaterials which can also be detached with the purpose of providing mechanical properties that make them strong. It has also been of great importance in minimizing deterioration and biofouling impact. This coating has a great aplication in automotive, aerospace, seawater condensers and tubes, electronic industries, water electrolysis, energy generation. Furthermore, it has also enhanced the growth of paints and its properties in industrial production. Due to its properties, they are utilized in contruction firm, medical area, etc. Despite the aforementioned, nanocomposite coatings has increase in recent years as a result of advancements of nanoparticle manufacturing processes. This paper provides a brief review on nanocomposite coating in industry with focus on the effect, role, types and its application.
Ameliorating Urban Traffic Congestion for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Busari A.A , Loto R.T. , Ajayi S.O , Odunlami O. , Folake Akintayo , Kehinde Oyesomi , Olawuyi O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Population, ownership of vehicles and economic growth are increasing at a geometric rate. Invariably, this will lead to an increase in traffic volume and the demand for limited road infrastructures. These has generated a lot of constraint on the few available road infrastructures in most developed and developing nations of the world. One of the consequences of this, is traffic congestion. This arises when the road system approaches vehicle capacity. Although governments and policy makers may never be able to eliminate road congestion, there are several ways cities and states can move to curb it. Hence, this review of literature assessed the myriad effect of traffic congestion, with focus on the economic and environmental impact. Additionally, long and short term measures to reduce the menace in 2030 were evaluated. This was done by assessing the relevant literature on the topic. The outcome of the review revealed that increase in income and living standard favours the ownership of automobiles thereby increasing traffic congestion. Households that reside in areas with compact, mixed land use own fewer vehicles, make fewer vehicle trips, therefore mixed land use should be encouraged in urban development. Additionally, level of Service (LOS) is another factor that affects traffic congestion and traffic crashes. The outcome of this review will aid the government and policy makers on the appropriate tool to adopt and the draw backs in a bid to reduce this menace now and in the foreseeable future.
Experimental Analysis of Evaporative Cooling Water in Porous Clay Vessels Under Varying Ambient Conditions
Authors: Oyedepo S.O , Fayomi O.S.I , Dirisu J.O , Efemwenkiekiea U.K , Arhagba A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the ability of clay vessels to store and retain water below ambient temperature, it has become a basic commodity for water storage among the rural dwellers in the Sub-Sahara region and as an alternative to other cooling/refrigerating system. It therefore, becomes necessary to study and determine how effective and efficient porous clay pot serves as evaporating coolers. Evaporative cooling of water in six different porous clay vessels was studied under varying ambient conditions. In this study, water was stored in six porous clay vessels of different sizes and volumes. The weight, relative humidity, and ambient temperatures of water content in the porous clay vessels were measured bihourly from 12 noon to 8 pm for a period of 7 days. The result of the study revealed that the mass loss is affected by several factors such as ambient temperature, the surface area of the vessel, porosity and thickness of the vessel. From this study, pots with small water holding capacity (Pots D and E) experienced the fastest rate of evaporation. The relative humidity was based on the condition of the environment. This study concludes that energy demand can be minimized by applying evaporative cooling concept in households, offices, and industries. Thus, this paper provides an insight towards ways of conserving energy demand for cooling as there is no requirement of electricity to run the system. Hence, extensive usage of these sorts of cooling systems helps in providing greener environment.
Aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition synthesis of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) for dye-sensitized dollar cells (DSSCs): Effect of doping with fluorine
Authors: Ikpesu J.E. , Iyuke S. E. , Daramola M.O. , Okewale O.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, investigation of influence of fluorine doping on conductivity of transparent conducting tin oxide (SnO2) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was carried out. Tin Oxide (SnO2) doped with different percentage of fluorine was deposited by the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition on the substrate layers of transparent glass slide. Effect of wavelength on the optical properties, and also characterization of the substrate layers was investigated. The results obtained from the UV-VIS spectra indicated that fluorine was successfully doped on the substrate. The doped SnO2 was found to have a lower absorbance when compared to the un-doped one. Transmittance obtained shows that as the wavelength increased, better transmittance was obtained; for instance above 80% for 12% doped F:SnO2, but at lower wavelength of 230 nm. The highest optimum transmittance of 50% was obtained for 4% doped F:SnO2. The thickness of SnO2 nanoparticles was 150 nm for the un-doped; 200 nm for the 4% doped SnO2; 50 nm for the 8% doped SnO2; and 40 nm for the 12% doped SnO2. The conductivity and mobility were 2.426 (Ωcm)-1 and 1.347 cm2/vs for un-doped; 5.039 (Ωcm)-1 and 11.40 cm2/vs for 4% doped SnO2; 20.85 (Ωcm)-1 and 7.457 cm2/vs for 8% doped SnO2; and 1.596 (Ωcm)-1 and 7.457 cm2/vs for 12% doped SnO2. Conclusively, it is evident that FTO is greatly affected by the wavelength as well as the percentage of doping. In case of thin films, conductivity will also depend upon the film thickness. If the thickness is too large beyond an optimum limit, conductivity decreases because grain size of nanoparticle will increase leading to an increase in bandgap (quantum confinement effect).
Corrosion Performance of AA6061/Rice Husk Ash Composite for Engineering Application
Authors: Udoye N. E. , Nnamba O. J. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Inegbenebor A. O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The major problem confronting aluminium alloy in various fields of engineering is based on the structural and continual failure of a component in service. The difficulties encountered are resolved through addition of RHA as strengthening agent to the aluminium metal matrix composite. The fabrication of MMC (AA6061/RHA) using metallurgical stir casting route in the array of 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % of RHA was done. Polarization test carried out in 0.75 M of H2SO4 on the composite shows enhanced corrosion susceptibility. Mechanical properties such as microhardness and tensile were performed on the developed composite. Corrosion analysis of RHA embedded in AA6061 revealed improved corrosion performance. Furthermore, the microstructural change through SEM shows that the incorporation of RHA in AA6061 aluminium alloy minimize corrosion effects. It also shows the homogenous dispersal of the fortification along the grain boundaries and reduced fracture propagation.
Physico-Mechanical Properties of Particle Board made from Coconut Shell, Coconut Husk and Palm Kernel Shell
Authors: Atoyebi O. D. , Aladegboye O. J. , Fatoki F. O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research involves the production of particle boards made from coconut shell, palm kernel shell and coconut husk in different ratios varying from 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 50%. These materials were homogeneously mixed with Urea Formaldehyde resin which was the adhesive used commonly known as Top Bond. The physical and mechanical characteristics of produced particle boards which were density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were analysed. The densities ranged between 995kg/m3 and 600kg/m3. The particle board which had 50% coconut shell, 25% palm kernel shell and 25% coconut husk (E1) had the least value for water absorption after 2hours and 24 hours which was 17.26 and 26.19 respectively. The mean values for Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elasticity varied from 0.650N/mm2 to 3.149N/mm2 and 11.659N/mm2 to 146.850N/mm2. It was observed that the particle board which had the most preferable properties both physical and mechanical properties was E1 which was composed of 50% coconut shell, 25% palm kernel shell and 25% coconut husk.
Sustainability of Garri Processing: A Case Study of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel A U , Akinlabi E T , Okokpujie I. P. , Fayomi O.S.I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Garri is one of the most developed and convenient staple food commodities been produced from cassava in West Africa. To select the best method, garri production technology has been produced at different levels, this includes grating, fermentation, and dewatering. Producer of garri and edible starch is faced with the problem of the product price, limited information, and inadequate capital, lack of equipment, poor road, inadequate labour and water supply, long waiting time during grating, and some stages of processing. Limitation experienced by cassava processor includes lack of capital, inadequate power supply, the short lifespan of raw cassava tuber, long fermentation process, high cost of transportation, unstable price of garri. Result obtained from the constraints limiting garri processing in owode-yewa of Ogun state revealed that the short life span of raw cassava tubers is the most severe with 98%. This rating was followed by the unstable price of garri with 92%, long fermentation process with 67%, high transportation cost of inputs with 63%, while the lowest is the lack of access to information with an 8% plant layout. This study was able to provide scheduling operation of garri processing, the process of operation, maintenance of operation, plant layout, and come up with results that can be useful for other processing units in other countries.
Application of Artificial Neural Network To Prediction Of Customer Order Amount In A Manufacturing System With Stochastic Process And Make-To-Order Strategy
Authors: Babatunde Ayanlowo , Bolu Christian , Oyawale Festus , Fayomi O.S.I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study a predictive model using Artificial Neural Network architecture was developed to predict customer orders of a manufacturing system in Nigeria with stochastic process and make-to-order strategy. This arose as manufacturing outfit in Nigeria continually contend with the problem of customer churn as a result of long waiting time of customer’s order through inability to predict the order quantity of customers on a timely basis. This necessitates the application of an Artificial Neural Network Technique on the manufacturing outfit database to predict customer’s order. A multi-layer perceptron model was built with python programming language and compared with Neuro Solution Infinity Software with close to 80 thousand dataset extracted from two databases of the manufacturing outfit in Nigeria. The results showed that the Artificial Neural Network model from Python had close performance with that obtained from the Neuro Solution Infinity software. The Root-Mean-Square Error, Mean-Absolute-Error and R2 statistical metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the developed predictive model and the results of the three metrics are 226,177 and 96.53% for the python program, and 196,123 and 98.4% for the Neuro infinity software respectively. This shows that Artificial Neural Network technique made the prediction of customer’s order amount for the product-based manufacturing outfit with stochastic process and make-to-order strategy possible.
Strength Prediction of GPC using Alkali pH, Salinity, Temperature, and Conductivity as Continuous Predictors
Authors: Oyebisi S. O. , Owolabi E. F. , Owamah H. I. , Oluwafemi J. O. , Ayanbisi O. W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study explored the chemistry of alkaline activators, and their physical properties were used to predict the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) gel and six various pellets of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as the alkaline activators. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and corncob ash (CCA) were utilized as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the production of GPC. A mix design proportion of Grade 30 MPa concrete and 14 M of alkaline activator (AA) was adopted. The concrete constituents were prepared, cured, and tested at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. The relationship between the compressive strengths and the pH, temperature, salinity, and conductivity of alkaline activator was modelled. The experimental findings indicated that the temperature, conductivity and salinity of the alkali increased with increasing pH. Besides, the compressive strength of GPC increased with increasing alkali’s pH, temperature, conductivity, and salinity. The coefficients of determinations (R2) showed that the models were 84, 90, 90, and 89% fit to predict the relationship at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days curing, respectively. These findings can be used to predict the strength trends of GPC incorporating SCMs.
Effect of Chloride in The Electrochemical Degradation of Carbon Steel in E40 Fuel Ethanol Applications
Authors: Joseph O.O. , Ishola F.A. , Afolalu S.A. , Banjo S.O. , Busari A. , Asagba C.O. , Inegbenebor A.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effect of different chloride concentration on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in E40 is presented in this study. The corrosion rates for each sample were examined using gravimetric method and polarization measurement. The samples were immersed into E40 fuel grade ethanol containing NaCl concentrations of (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 mg/L) for a minutest of 10 days and a maximum of 40days. Results obtained from both gravimetric and polarization measurements show that as chloride concentration amplified from 0 mg/L to 32 mg/L, there was an increase in corrosion rate of the carbon steel with the exception of a slight decrease at 24 mg/L on the 30th and 40th day. Corrosion rate was observed to be dependent on exposure time.
Experimental Application of Bioclimatic Design Strategies for The Reduction of Cooling Energy Demand in Office Buildings In Tropical Hot-humid Climate
Authors: Owolabi O. S. , Adetunji O. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy consumption in buildings remains a major driver of global warming and is highly impacted by climate change. A fast-growing sector in the construction industry is office development; consuming energy (mainly for heating, cooling, air-conditioning and lighting) 10-20 times more than the residential sectors. It was implied in recent literature that a continuous increase in development means a continuous rise in energy use and building carbon footprint. The study experimented with the innovative design of an office building which explores bioclimatic design concept, optimization of the efficiency of systems and use of renewable energy to determine their impact on cooling energy demand and building carbon footprint. The study developed an experimental model and simulated it through computer simulation using the passive house planning package (phpp) to investigate cooling energy demand within the tropical warm-humid climate of Lagos, Nigeria. Simulated result of the experimental model of office building showed a reduction in cooling demand by 4.42% to achieve passive house standard. The study encourages the implementation of bioclimatic design strategies in the design of office buildings by the building professionals.
Design and Implementation of an Automated Etching System
Authors: Olowoleni J.O , Awosope C.O.A , Adoghe A.U. , Agbetuyi A. F. , Oguntosin V , Halin C.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
: Etching is a subtractive method that is used for the production of printed circuit boards (PCBs), where acid is been used to remove unwanted copper from a prefabricated laminate [1]. The manual method of doing this can only be used for a small number of boards and is likely to be messy [2]. Besides this, exposure to some certain kinds of etchants may have adverse effects on one’s health. On the other hand, the machines available to do this provide a cleaner and faster means and can etch many boards at a time but they are very expensive. This usually discourages their purchase among small scale Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturers. But the automated etching system presented here aims at providing a method of carrying out the etching process for a PCB board in a simple, clean, safe and cost effective way. The printed circuit board is mechanically designed to support and electrically to connect electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.