bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH DISORDERS OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOCENOSIS
Authors: Мамбетова И.З. , Рамазанова Ш.Х. , Давлетгильдеева З.Г. , Кошербеков Е.Т. 
Published: August 2021

Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства достаточно часто встречаются у детей раннего возраста. Такие клинические симптомы, как срыгивания, метеоризм, кишечные колики, запоры, диарея возникают, как правило, при отсутствии органических изменений со стороны ЖКТ и нередко сопровождаются нарушением микрофлоры кишечника. Проведение селективной деконтаминации для подавления роста условно-патогенных микроорганизмов и нормализация микробиоценоза с помощью комбинированных синбиотиков является целесообразной и приводит к уменьшению выраженности/купированию клинических симптомов.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders are quite common in young children. Clinical symptoms such as regurgitation, flatulence, intestinal colic, constipation, diarrhea occur, as a rule, in the absence of organic changes in the gastrointestinal tract and are often accompanied by a violation of the intestinal microflora. Selective decontamination with a choice of drugs to suppress the growth of opportunistic microorganisms and normalization of microbiocenosis using synbiotics is advisable and leads to a decrease in the severity or disappearance of clinical symptoms.
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Тян М.А. , Камалиев М.А. 
Published: August 2021

Раскрыта сущность волонтерства в современных условиях. Рассмотрены формы организации волонтерского движения в сфере высшего медицинского образования. Обобщен опыт мобилизации человеческих ресурсов для волонтерских программ в условиях пандемии коронавирусной инфекции.
The essence of volunteerism in modern conditions is revealed. The forms of organization of the volunteer movement in the field of higher medical education are considered. The article summarizes the experience of mobilizing human resources for volunteer programs in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.
Nectar Production and Spectrum of Insect Visitors in Six Varieties of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in SE Poland
Authors: Bożek Małgorzata 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The attractiveness of plants to pollinators depends strongly on flower rewards, especially nectar and pollen. Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and sugar mass are known to influence the spectrum and abundance of insect visitors. Respective data on nectar secretion in highbush blueberry (
Vaccinium corymbosum
) under the climatic conditions of Poland are scarce. This study was conducted in 2002–2005 to assess flower abundance, nectar production, and insect visitors in six varieties of
V. corymbosum
in Niemce, SE Poland. Flower abundance ranged from 1.63 ± 0.64 (‘Darrow’) to 4.07 ± 0.95 in thousands of flowers per shrub (‘Northland’). Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and nectar sugar mass increased with flower age, peaking between the sixth and ninth day. Significant differences in nectar characteristics occurred between years and between varieties. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Darrow’ produced the largest nectar mass (19.08 ± 7.09 and 16.60 ± 8.31 mg nectar per flower, respectively) and nectar sugar mass per flower (6.39 ± 1.52 and 5.76 ± 1.51 mg sugar per flower, respectively). The estimated sugar yield in the studied
V. corymbosum
varieties ranged from 9.4 ± 3.3 to 20.7 ± 3.8 g sugar per shrub (‘Croatan’ and ‘Bluecrop,’ respectively). Regarding insect visitors, only honey bees and bumble bees were observed. Honey bees comprised 81%–98% of the total number of observed insect visitors. Highbush blueberry, due to abundant blooming and high per-flower sugar yield, is thus a good source of nectar sugars for honey bees.
Technology in World Civilization
Authors: Pacey Arnold , Bray Francesca 
Published: August 2021

The new edition of a milestone work on the global history of technology.
This milestone history of technology, first published in 1990 and now revised and expanded in light of recent research, broke new ground by taking a global view, avoiding the conventional Eurocentric perspective and placing the development of technology squarely in the context of a “world civilization.” Case studies include “technological dialogues” between China and West Asia in the eleventh century, medieval African states and the Islamic world, and the United States and Japan post-1950. It examines railway empires through the examples of Russia and Japan and explores current synergies of innovation in energy supply and smartphone technology through African cases.
The book uses the term “technological dialogue” to challenge the top-down concept of “technology transfer,” showing instead that technologies are typically modified to fit local needs and conditions, often triggering further innovation. The authors trace these encounters and exchanges over a thousand years, examining changes in such technologies as agriculture, firearms, printing, electricity, and railroads. A new chapter brings the narrative into the twenty-first century, discussing technological developments including petrochemicals, aerospace, and digitalization from often unexpected global viewpoints and asking what new kind of industrial revolution is needed to meet the challenges of the Anthropocene.
Snakes on an African plain: the radiation of Crotaphopeltis and Philothamnus into open habitat (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: Engelbrecht Hanlie M. , Branch William R. , Tolley Krystal A. 
Published: August 2021

Background
The African continent is comprised of several different biomes, although savanna is the most prevalent. The current heterogeneous landscape was formed through long-term vegetation shifts as a result of the global cooling trend since the Oligocene epoch. The overwhelming trend was a shift from primarily forest, to primarily savanna. As such, faunal groups that emerged during the Paleogene/Neogene period and have species distributed in both forest and savanna habitat should show a genetic signature of the possible evolutionary impact of these biome developments. Crotaphopeltis and Philothamnus (Colubridae) are excellent taxa to investigate the evolutionary impact of these biome developments on widespread African colubrid snakes, and whether timing and patterns of radiation are synchronous with biome reorganisation.

Methods
A phylogenetic framework was used to investigate timing of lineage diversification. Phylogenetic analysis included both genera as well as other Colubridae to construct a temporal framework in order to estimate radiation times for Crotaphopeltis and Philothamnus. Lineage diversification was estimated in Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST), using two mitochondrial markers (cyt–b, ND4), one nuclear marker (c–mos), and incorporating one fossil and two biogeographical calibration points. Vegetation layers were used to classify and confirm species association with broad biome types (‘closed’ = forest, ‘open’ = savanna/other), and the ancestral habitat state for each genus was estimated.

Results
Philothamnus showed an ancestral state of closed habitat, but the ancestral habitat type for Crotaphopeltis was equivocal. Both genera showed similar timing of lineage diversification diverging from their sister genera during the Oligocene/Miocene transition (ca. 25 Mya), with subsequent species radiation in the Mid-Miocene. Philothamnus appeared to have undergone allopatric speciation during Mid-Miocene forest fragmentation. Habitat generalist and open habitat specialist species emerged as savanna became more prevalent, while at least two forest associated lineages within Crotaphopeltis moved into Afromontane forest habitat secondarily and independently.

Discussion
With similar diversification times, but contrasting ancestral habitat reconstructions, we show that these genera have responded very differently to the same broad biome shifts. Differences in biogeographical patterns for the two African colubrid genera is likely an effect of distinct life-history traits, such as the arboreous habits of Philothamnus compared to the terrestrial lifestyle of Crotaphopeltis.
Peripheral Neuropathy and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy among Type II Diabetic Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Surendra B. V. , Muthiah N. S. , Sailaja M. V. , Sreenivasulu K. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The two most common chronic complication softype 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are peripheral neuropathy (PN) and Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).Diagnosing neuropathies at subclinical stage can prevent the morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and their risk factors in type-II diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: An observational cross sectional study was done from December 2019 to November 2020 in the department of General medicine at tertiary care hospital. 273 type II diabetic patients were selected for this study. Toronto clinical scoring system was used for assessing PN and ewings cardiovascular reflex study was used done to assess CAN. To identify the risk factors of PN and CAN, Logistic regression analysis was used.
Results: The prevalence of PN and CAN was 45.4% and 34.06% respectively, while29.3% participants had both. Smoking (OR: 12.976; 95% CI: 0.052–0.418, P<0.0001) and poor glycaemic control (OR: 27.231; 95% CI: 5.226–38.201, P<0.0001) were independent risk factors of DPN. poorglycaemic control (OR: 26.970; 95% CI: 3.507–16.055, P <0.0001) and Dyslipidimea (OR: 11.792; 95% CI: 0.096–0.526, P ≤ 0.001) were independent predictors of CAN.
Interpretation and Conclusions: PN and CAN are common among diabetic patients, and thus it is recommended to screen Peripheral Neuropathy and CAN in all diabetic patients for the early diagnosis and preventing the debilitating complications
An Ayurvedamanagement of Vataj Kasa – A Case Study
Authors: Baloda Anshul , Patil Aboli , Kumar Amit 
Published: August 2021

The Prana and UdanaVayu are responsible for normal functioning of praanvahasrotas, which can be altered due to causative factors in turn lead to manifestation of Kasa which is characterized by these lakshanasShuska gala, Shuskakasa with shuskaalpakapha, Swarbheda, ParshavShool, Shriashool, Urashool, Dourbalya etc. Paediatric age groups are more prone to respiratory tract infections, immunological concerns, and social factors such as school attendance, incorrect eating, and eating habits due to anatomical and physiological characteristics. Ayurveda has a lot of drugs to cure respiratory disorder, So this case study was conducted and get the positive result in treatment.
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ayurveda management on vatajakasa.
Study Design: Single Case Study
Place: Parul Ayurved Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat.
Duration Of Study: 14 days and follow up after 7days.
Methodology: Internal medication to reduce the sign and symptoms of vatajkasa.
As a result, this article addresses the problem using Ayurvedic treatment methods like Aparajit Avaleha, which delivers a safe and effective solution.
Nonuremiccalciphylaxis - A Systematic Review
Authors: Albalawi Abdulmajeed , Dighriri Ibrahim , Alsharif Ahad , Basahl Emtenan , Alrajab Fatimah , Alzahuf Shuruq , Alharbi Bashair , Alahmadi Khaled , Alkhathlan Husam , Alharbi Sarah , Aljubairy Amjad , Babaqi Jana , Alotaibi Bader , Mrair Asma , Alhujuri Turki 
Published: August 2021

Background: Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a well-described condition in renal transplant and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients; however, little is known about calciphylaxis induced by nonuremic causes. This systematic study aimed to determine the causes, prognosis of nonuremic calciphylaxis, clinical features and laboratory abnormalities.
Patients and methods:A comprehensive review of the literature for nonuremic calciphylaxis case reports and case series published between 2016 and 2021 was performed. Cases included satisfied the criteria for a histological diagnosis of nonuremic calciphylaxis in the absence of ESKD, renal transplantation, or acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy.
Results: The authors identified 53 cases of nonuremic calciphylaxis (83.14 % women, Caucasian 13.33 %, aged 25 to 83 years). The most prevalent documented associations were of patients having multiple conditions 18 (33.33 %), warfarin-induced (7.4 %), calcium and Vitamin D supplementation (3.7 %), primary hyperparathyroidism (3.7 %), liver disease (3.7 %), Acenocumarol use (3.7 %), Systematic lupus erythematosus (3.7 %), alcoholic cirrhosis (3.7 %), respectively.
Conclusion:When investigating skin lesions in patients with sensitive conditions, calciphylaxis must often be addressed in the absence of ESKD or renal transplantation. Obese women with various underlying illnesses such as alcohol intake, smoking, diabetes, liver disease, and so on are more likely to develop nonuremic calciphylaxis (NUC).Calciphylaxis is linked with high mortality; however, sodium thiosulfate (ST) has made clear progress in terms of treatment, yet there are still areas that need to be addressed to describe the effectiveness of ST.
Social Management in Pharmaceutical Healthcare Sector
Authors: Volodymyrovych Tsekhmister Yaroslav , Tetiana Konovalova , Yaroslavovych Tsekhmister Bogdan 
Published: August 2021

Aims: There is an increase in demand for the social environment regulations in the pharmaceutical companies, which is a crucial strategy issue in long-term planning due to the incidence of social influence. The influence of society over resource allocation and its control over innovation is all the perceptions of today's needs. This research aims to highlight the managerial issues faced by the pharmaceutical healthcare sector of Ukraine. Our study is unique as we have analyzed the whole pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine in terms of management issues. There is no such research done yet. In addition, we have also researched the official databases and laid down the models for management practices.
Methodology: The research was done to analyze the major issues in the social management of the pharmaceutical healthcare system. In addition, the related studies based on managerial issues were studied. The following databases were used to study the guidelines: World Health Organisation, Food and Drug Administration, Internationational Council for Harmonization, and European Union.
Results: The results were found to be when comparing behavioural studies with non-behavioural; non-behavioural was found to be 64%, whereas behavioural was 34%. To have an in-depth knowledge of the managerial issues, we have provided an inverted tree diagram representing the significant issues in pricing and medical expenditures. These contributed 21.7% of non-behavioural studies, and in behavioural studies, it was found to be consumer or physician-level behaviour 23.4% contributing the central part of the issue.
Conclusion: Here we conclude that the pharmaceutical healthcare sector plays a crucial role in the global healthcare of the general public-facing management issues; hence should be analyzed and follow the guidelines to analyze the issues within the company and set goals.
Therefore, improving the management of the pharma sector will, in turn, improve public health in Ukraine.
Digital endpoints for self‐administered home‐based functional assessment in pediatric Friedreich’s ataxia
Authors: Mueller Arne , Paterson Elaine , McIntosh Avery , Praestgaard Jens , Bylo Mary , Hoefling Holger , Wells McKenzie , Lynch David R. , Rummey Christian , Krishnan Michelle L. , Schultz Meredith , Malanga C. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFriedreich’s ataxia is an inherited, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that typically begins in childhood. Disease severity is commonly assessed with rating scales, such as the modified Friedreich’s Ataxia Rating Scale, which are usually administered in the clinic by a neurology specialist.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the utility of home‐based, self‐administered digital endpoints in children with Friedreich’s ataxia and unaffected controls and their relationship to standard clinical rating scales.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study with 25 participants (13 with Friedreich’s ataxia and 12 unaffected controls, aged 6–15 years), home‐based digital endpoints that reflect activities of daily living were recorded over 1 week. Domains analyzed were hand motor function with a digitized drawing, automated analysis of speech with a recorded oral diadochokinesis test, and gait and balance with wearable sensors.ResultsHand‐drawing and speech tests were easy to conduct and generated high‐quality data. The sensor‐based gait and balance tests suffered from technical limitations in this study setup. Several parameters discriminated between groups or correlated strongly with modified Friedreich’s Ataxia Rating Scale total score and activities of daily living total score in the Friedreich’s ataxia group. Hand‐drawing parameters also strongly correlated with standard 9‐hole peg test scores.InterpretationDeploying digital endpoints in home settings is feasible in this population, results in meaningful and robust data collection, and may allow for frequent sampling over longer periods of time to track disease progression. Care must be taken when training participants, and investigators should consider the complexity of the tasks and equipment used.
Long‐term continuation of anti‐seizure medications after acute stroke
Authors: Punia Vineet , Honomichl Ryan , Chandan Pradeep , Ellison Lisa , Thompson Nicolas , Sivaraju Adithya , Katzan Irene , George Pravin , Newey Chris , Hantus Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with the long‐term continuation of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) in acute stroke patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of stroke patients with concern for acute symptomatic seizures (ASySs) during hospitalization who subsequently visited the poststroke clinic. All patients had continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring. We generated a multivariable logistic regression model to analyze the factors associated with the primary outcome of continued ASM use after the first poststroke clinic visit.ResultsA total of 507 patients (43.4% ischemic stroke, 35.7% intracerebral hemorrhage, and 20.9% aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage) were included. Among them, 99 (19.5%) suffered from ASySs, 110 (21.7%) had epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) on cEEG, and 339 (66.9%) had neither. Of the 294 (58%) patients started on ASMs, 171 (33.7%) were discharged on them, and 156 (30.3% of the study population; 53.1% of patients started on ASMs) continued ASMs beyond the first poststroke clinic visit [49.7 (±31.7) days after cEEG]. After adjusting for demographical, stroke‐ and hospitalization‐related variables, the only independent factors associated with the primary outcome were admission to the NICU [Odds ratio (OR) 0.37 (95% CI 0.15–0.9)], the presence of ASySs [OR 20.31(95% CI 9.45–48.43)], and EAs on cEEG [OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.14–4.58)].InterpretationAlmost a third of patients with poststroke ASySs concerns may continue ASMs for the long term, including more than half started on them acutely. Admission to the NICU may lower the odds, and ASySs (convulsive or electrographic) and EAs on cEEG significantly increase the odds of long‐term ASM use.
High‐Performance Flexible Schottky DC Generator via Metal/Conducting Polymer Sliding Contacts
Authors: Yang Ruizhe , Benner Matthew , Guo Zipeng , Zhou Chi , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDynamic Schottky direct‐current (DC) generators hold great promise for ambient mechanical energy harvesting as it overcomes the low‐current output limitation in conventional approaches. However, the lack of a fundamental understanding of DC generation in conducting polymer‐based Schottky generators has hindered their application for self‐powered wearable and implantable electronics. Here, a high‐performance, flexible Schottky DC generator with metal/conducting polymer sliding contact system is demonstrated, which exhibits a large current density (J) up to 20 A m–2 for single contact geometry and a scaled‐up DC output reaching 200 µA (J = 0.73 A m–2) and 0.8 V. The design of flexibility in such a Schottky DC generator is inherited from the long‐chain polymer concept, leading to the demonstration of a variety of device configuration of free‐standing thin film, supported thin film and nanocomposite prototype toward practical applications. It is revealed that the sliding junctions may exhibit a different mechanical energy conversion mechanism compared to the compressive conducting polymer Schottky junctions. It is also proven that the magnitude and polarity of DC generation is determined by the Schottky contact formation and interfacial electric field. The concept of a flexible Schottky generator not only shows great promise for next‐generation, self‐powered wearable devices, but also provides potential mechanisms for developing novel wearable sensors.
3D Printing of Bioinspired Alginate‐Albumin Based Instant Gel Ink with Electroconductivity and Its Expansion to Direct Four‐Axis Printing of Hollow Porous Tubular Constructs without Supporting Materials
Authors: Janarthanan Gopinathan , Lee Sumin , Noh Insup 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA successful 3D printable hydrogel ink needs not only biofunctionalities but also minimal fabrication steps such as multiple crosslinking sites, high printability, cytocompatibility, high shape fidelity, stability, shear thinning, robust properties, and less time‐consuming processing steps, by maximizing known material chemistries and functionalities. This work reports a novel bioinspired conjugate with polysaccharide (alginate)–tannic acid (TA)–protein (bovine serum albumin) to fabricate proteoglycan‐like gels, which are 3D printable with multilayers, shear‐thinning, elastic, electroconductive (with carbon nanotubes), controlled crosslinking/degradation through multiple crosslinking mechanisms (TA, Ca2+ions, and NaIO4oxidation), and interactions with cytocompatible hydrogel system. The synthesis process is simple, and gelation (within 2 h) is ensured without any chemical crosslinking agents (at room temperature). While cell‐adhesive albumin largely improves cytocompatibility, carbon nanotubes in the gel give electrical conductivity in the different four‐axis 3D printed structures, including large hollow tubular constructs. This work demonstrates promising results of electroconductive proteoglycan‐like gel ink to address the challenges in 3D/four‐axis ink printing such as synthesis, printability, shape fidelity, electroconductivity, controlled fabrication and degradation, cytocompatibility, and multiple crosslinking abilities to maintain the dimensions of the diversely printed constructs.