bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods and Mechanistic Analysis of Improving the Dispersion of Nano Silica Colloidal Particles in Chemical Mechanical Polishing Slurries
Authors: Zeng Nengyuan , Zhao Hongdong , Liu Yuling , Wang Chenwei , Luo Chong , Wang Wantang , Ma Tengda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The colloidal silica is usually used as the abrasive for the copper CMP polishing slurry in integrated circuit multilayer copper wiring. The aggregation of colloidal silica in the slurries tend to aggregate spontaneously, resulting in the continuous changes of the polishing effect, such as scratch defects, removal rate, etc. This situation can lead to the potential instability of the polishing slurry, which should be avoided in industrial production. In this paper, the aggregation and dispersion properties of polishing slurries were systematically studied, and an improved scheme was proposed to improve the dispersion of slurries to prevent agglomeration. These affecting factors including slurries’ pH, electrolyte additive (KNO3) and polyelectrolyte (PAA-Na) were assessed with LPC, Zeta potential and particle size. A better pH range for slurries was determined from the point of view of isoelectric point and dissolution of colloidal silica. And the dissolution of colloidal silica was verified by UV-vis experiment. Anionic surfactant (SDS), Cationic surfactant (DTAC) and Nonionic surfactant (AEO-15) was analyzed for their dispersion in slurries from the point of view of static electricity force and steric hindrance space force, and the synergistic mechanism of mixed SDS and AEO-15 on slurries dispersion was put forward. In addition, the effect of the improvement of slurry dispersion on reducing scratching defects on the surface of polished copper blanket was also tested in this paper.
Automated Liver Lesion Detection in 68Ga DOTATATE PET / CT Using a Deep Fully Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wehrend Jonathan , Silosky Michael , Xing Fuyong , Chin Bennett 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors most commonly metastasize to the liver, however, high normal background 68Ga-DOTATATE activity, and high image noise make metastatic lesions difficult to detect. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid, automated, and highly specific method to identify 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT hepatic lesions using a 2D U-Net convolutional neural network. Methods: 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT patient studies (n=125; 57 with 68Ga-DOTATATE hepatic lesions and 68 without) were physician annotated using a modified PERCIST threshold, and boundary definition by gradient edge detection. The 2D U-Net was trained independently five times for 100,000 iterations using a linear combination of binary cross entropy and dice losses with a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. Performance metrics included: positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, F1 score and area under the precision-recall curve (PR-AUC). Five different pixel area thresholds were used to filter noisy predictions.Results: A total of 233 lesions were annotated with each abnormal study containing a mean of 4 ± 2.75 lesions. A pixel filter of 20 produced the highest mean PPV 0.94±0.01. A pixel filter of 5 produced the highest mean sensitivity 0.74±0.02. The highest mean F1 score 0.79±0.01 was produced with a 20 pixel filter. The highest mean PR-AUC 0.73±0.03 was produced with a 15 pixel filter.Conclusion: Deep neural networks can automatically detect hepatic lesions in 68Ga-DOTATATE PET. Ongoing improvements in data annotation methods, increasing sample sizes, and training methods are anticipated to further improve detection performance.
Path Way For Electrical Conduction In ZnO Basedternary Nanocomposite Room Temperature Ethanol Sensors
Authors: Muthukumaravel Chitra , Mangamma Geramilla , Arumugam Rajesh , Karunakaran Uthayarani , Sahu Rajib 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the present investigations, the samples such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, vanadium oxide and their ternary combinations prepared by hydrothermal route were characterised using the state-of-the-art facilities and were systematically analysed. The interface properties between the grain and grain boundaries of these oxides were studied using Conductive atomic force microscopic (CAFM) studies. From the detailed investigations on topography and I-V characteristics, it is revealed that, zinc-tin-vanadium oxide nanocomposite with smaller barrier height of 0.189 eV exhibited pronounced response magnitude of 98.96 % at a faster rate of 32 s at room temperature. The outstanding ethanol sensing property of the ternary nanocomposite is attributed to the hierarchical morphology with large surface area, the formation of heterojunction at the interface, tuning the schottky barrier height, depletion layer manipulation and the electronic effects.
GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic leaf extract of Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta
Authors: Raveendran Ramya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta, is a plant species belonging to the family Costaceae. It is widely distributed in China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, tropical and subtropical Asia. In Ayurveda, the rhizome of the plant has been extensively used to treat fever, rash, asthma, bronchitis and, intestinal worms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the leaf of Hellenia speciosa using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 phytochemical components in the ethanolic leaf extract of Hellenia speciosa. The prevailing bioactive compounds present in Hellenia speciosa were Thymol (RT-10.019;3.59%), Caryophyllene (RT-11.854:0.62%), Caryophyllene oxide (RT-13.919;1.34%), Artumerone (RT-14.795;1.35%), Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-17.536; 2.77%), 9,12-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-19.163;1.35%), Squalene (RT- 24.980;1.19%), Piperine (RT-25.745;3.11%), Beta Tocopherol (RT-26.681;2.88%) Vitamin E (RT- 27.290;2.64%), Progesterone (RT-29.608;3.18%), Caparratriene (RT-29.861;9.72%), and Testosterone (RT-30.73;5.81%). The compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of the literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The results and findings of the present study suggest that the plant can be used as a valuable source in the field of herbal drug discovery. The presence of bioactive compounds justifies the use of plant leaves for treating various diseases with fewer side effects and recommended the plant of pharmaceutical importance. However, further studies are needed to undertake its bioactivity and toxicity profile.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of New Phthalimide and Thiazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Santos Flaviana Alves dos , de Almeida Marcel Lucas , Silva Vitor Alfredo de S. , Viana Douglas Carvalho Francisco , Pereira Michelly Cristiny , de Lucena André S. L. , Pitta Marina Galdino da Rocha , Pitta Maira Galdino da Rocha , Rêgo Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo , Pitta Ivan da Rocha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The combination of pharmacophoric nuclei with different targets has been a strategy for the development of new drugs aimed at improving cancer treatment. A series of ten novel phthalimido-thiazolidine-2-4-dione derivatives were synthesized by two different synthetic routes. The compounds were tested and evaluated in vitro, through antineoplastic activities against cancer cells. Cell cycle analyzes and clonogenic assay were also performed. In addition to these tests, in silico predictions were performed. The synthesized FT-12 compound (9j) exhibited antiproliferative activity against Panc-1, Sk-mel-28 and PC-3 cells. FT-12 reduced the ability to form new clones, also caused irreversibility in cell cycle, inducing arrest in phase S. Besides, the compound (FT-12) caused necrosis and apoptosis. The results suggest that phthalimido-thiazolidine derivatives may be useful in cancer therapy, highlighting compound FT-12 (9j) as a promising candidate. More studies must be carried out to confirm the viability.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Antigen-processing Gene PSMB8 as an Immunologic and Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Chen Danxiang , Jin Cong , Dong Xubin , Wen Jialiang , Xia Erjie , Wang Ouchen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently some evidences have demonstrated the significance of PSMB8 in various malignancies. Nevertheless, PSMB8 (proteasome subunit beta 8), more familiar in the field of immunology contributing to the process of antigen presentation, is indeterminate in the role as a survival predictor of human pan-cancer. Besides, how PSMB8 interacts with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment requires further research. We then penetrated into the analysis of PSMB8 expression profile among 33 types of cancer in TCGA database. The results show that overexpression of PSMB8 was associated with the poor clinical outcomes in overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free interval (DFI) and progression-free interval (PFI) in most cancer varieties. In addition, there existed distinctly positive correlations between PSMB8 and immunity, reflected straightfowardly in the form of immune scores, tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) abundance, microsatellite instability, tumour mutation burden, and neoantigen level. Notably, specific markers of dendrite cells exhibited the tightest association with PSMB8 expression in terms of tumor-related immune infiltration patterns. Moreover, gene enrichment analysis showed that elevated PSMB8 expression was related to multiple immune-related pathways. We finally validated the PSMB8 expression in our local breast samples via quantitative pCR assays and concluded that PSMB8 appeared to perform well in predicting the survival outcome of BRCA patients. These findings elucidate the pivotal role of the antigen presentation-related gene PSMB8, which could potentially serve as a robust biomarker for the prognosis determination in multiple cancers.
Optical Rerouting in Glass Fibre Composite
Authors: Holmes Christopher , Godfrey Mike , Mennea Paolo L. , Bull Daniel J. , Dulieu-Barton Janice 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time the reconfigurability of optical signals within advanced laminated composite. The approach employs an ultra-thin planar optical circuit, embedded within glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) that switches an optical input though Ohmic heating. This advance highlights new opportunities for optical reconfigurability within advanced composites, enabling data transmission redundancy and a consideration of branching optical fibre architectures.
Patients Left Without Being Seen in the Emergency Department – A Retrospective Observational Patient Record Study
Authors: Holmberg Markus , Innamaa Tapio , Hällberg Ville , Lukkarinen Timo , Palomäki Ari 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe share of patients leaving the emergency department without being seen by a physician (LWBS) is an important efficacy marker of emergency departments around the world. It has not however, been of special research interest in the Nordic countries. In this study, we assessed the LWBS rate in Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, in Hämeenlinna, Finland. Secondarily, we gathered information of LWBS patients along with all ED patients.MethodsIn this retrospective observational patient record study, our primary aim was to assess the LWBS rate of all patient visits (n = 41,631) over a 12-month period in a mid-sized Finnish secondary hospital ED. Alongside, we gathered specific information, such as age, gender, time of day and year for attendance, reason for attendance, return to healthcare and mortality after 7 and 30 days and after one year to show characteristics of LWBS patients. We present data and hourly distribution of the LWBS patients against all patient visits to the ED.ResultsA total of 305 LWBS cases were identified, leading to an LWBS rate of 0.73 %. Most LWBS took place during afternoon hours, when the ED was most crowded and waiting times were longest. Among LWBS patients, minor traumas and non-specific pain were the most common reasons for attending. Mortality among LWBS patients was naught (0.0 %) over a one-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe LWBS rate in the Kanta-Häme Central Hospital ED was low. Higher LWBS rate coincided with rush hours and longer waiting times. The proportion of minor traumas was greater than in some earlier studies. These results support the implementation of a fast track line for minor traumas in the ED.
Sex-Specific Oviposition Site Selection and Hatching Success in an Arboreal Treefrog: Implications of a Paternal Nest-Site Selection
Authors: Chuang Ming-Feng , Fuh Nien-Tse , Poo Sinlan , Kam Yeong-Choy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Oviposition sites selected by parents is an important factor that affects offspring survival and parental fitness. A good nest site offers offspring protection from competition, predation, and harsh environmental conditions. In amphibians, though oviposition sites are generally determined by females, the distinction between male and female choice can be blurred in species with resource defense mating systems, where males occupy the territory that eggs are deposited before advertising for females. Using a phytotelm-breeding frog (Kurixalus eiffingeri) with male territoriality and biparental care, we examined 310 oviposition sites to determine (1) male choice based on physical characteristics of the site (stump height, inner diameter, stump depth, water depth), and (2) female choice based on site characteristics and male characteristics (snout-vent length and body condition). We hypothesized that either one or both sexes would select oviposition site based on characteristics correlate with higher offspring survivorship. We found that males preferred sites with deeper pools of water, while females showed no preference for sites or males based on the characteristics observed. While we cannot prove any nest traits directly benefit offspring, we contend that increased water depth within the phytotelm may 1) protect male frog from snake predation, which would allow for continued paternal care that increases the hatching success and 2) improve the offspring survival during the larval period. Our findings provide empirical evidence of male-driven oviposition site selection in an amphibian and highlight often overlooked role that males play in increasing their reproductive output by selecting for sites that benefit their offspring.
Research on the Influence of Contact Parameters on the Wear Characteristics of Fixture-bar Friction Pair in Low-stress Cropping
Authors: Guo Weijian , Wang Hang , Tao Jishao , Yang Ning , Yang Bohan , Fu Shulin , Xu Jiayi , Liu Tao , Gou Linhan , Zhang Lijun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
New structure of grooved fixture with cambered surface is proposed to reduce wear of bar surface caused by fixture in low-stress cropping. The influence of fixture contact parameters and surface quality on wear characteristics of fixture-bar friction pair is researched by using FEM and orthogonal experiment. The radial wear degree is proposed to evaluate the wear degree of bars under four contact conditions, and the wear mechanism of the friction pair is analyzed by SEM. AE-stress-strain cropping platform is established to research the influence of roughness on the comprehensive wear state of the friction pair. Results indicate that the friction pair under A4B1C2D1E4 combination of contact parameters has the best wear reduction effect and lowest radial wear degree which is 0.0469mm2 and 34.50% lower than one of line contact. AE characteristic parameters curves reflect that under different contact condition, when Ra=0.4μm, the values of AE characteristic parameters are all the minimum and comprehensive wear state of the friction pair is the best.
The Conclusion of the Double-Slit Interference Test Violates the Fundamental Rules of Quantum
Authors: Ruhuai Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The theory of light waves contains a number of errors that violate a fundamental principle of physics: photons can be subdivided indefinitely. Photons can multiply indefinitely. If the phase is shifted π, the electromagnetic, light, or matter waves become negative electromagnetic, negative light, or antimatter waves, respectively, which cancel themselves out. The wavelet sources of light waves are of unknown origin. Photons can be regenerated and reused. The conditions for light waves to interfere do not take into account the effect of polarization direction. The effect of the reflected wave is not represented in the interference fringe. The weak transmittance of the double-slit device will not stand up to close scientific scrutiny. Masks similar to double slit devices do not allow the lithography machine to function properly if the light waves interfere. The pattern of fringe deduced by mathematical model is different from that of double slit interference test. Light waves without bandwidth cannot be accommodated by the theory of electromagnetic waves. The physics of light waves contradicts the principle of the Fourier transform. The spectrum of electromagnetic waves modulated by the transmitted information must produce modulation effect, but this effect does not occur in optical fiber communication. Because the size is much smaller than the wavelength, the photon is sampled equivalent to the light wave, but the corresponding physical properties are not represented by the photon. The wave-particle duality is incompatible with the Doppler principle. To sum up, the conclusion that light waves interfere with each other to produce fringes in the results of double-slit interference test is reached under the condition that most of the physical properties of waves are stripped away, and this conclusion is divorced from objectivity. The theory of light waves is not correct. In any case, light is not a wave. Light waves are misunderstood.
ITS-2 rDNA Nemabiome Metabarcoding in two Isolated Populations of Wild Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Reveals Variation in Gastrointestinal Nematode Community Composition Between Regions and Among Age Classes
Authors: Beaumelle Camille , Redman Libby , de Rijke jill , Wit Janneke , Benabed Slimania , Debias François , Duhayer Jeanne , Pardonnet Sylvia , Poirel Marie-Thérèse , Capron Gilles , Chabot Stéphane , Rey Benjamin , Yannic Glenn , Gilleard John , Bourgoin Gilles 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous for both domestic and wild ungulates which have varying consequences to health and fitness. They exist as complex communities of multiple co-infecting species and we have a very limited understanding of how these communities vary in different hosts, regions and circumstances or on how this affects their impacts. MethodsWe have undertaken ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding on populations of nematode larvae isolated from fecal samples of roe deer of different sex and age classes in the two isolated populations of Chizé and Trois Fontaines in France not co-grazing with any domestic ungulate species. ResultsWe identified 100 Amplified Sequence Variants (ASVs) that assigned to 14 gastrointestinal nematode taxa overall either at genus (38%), or species (62%) level. These taxa were dominated by parasites classically found in cervids - e.g., Ostertagia leptospicularis, Spiculopteragia spp. Higher parasite species diversity was present in the Trois Fontaine than in the Chize populations including the presence of some species more typically seen in domestic livestock, (Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Cooperia punctata, Teladorsagia circumcincta). No differences in parasite species diversity or community composition was seen in the samples collected from three zones of differing habitat quality within the Chize region. Young roe deer hosted the highest diversity of gastrointestinal nematodes, with more pronounced effects of age apparent in Trois Fontaines. The effect of host age differed between gastrointestinal nematode species, e.g. there was little effect on Ostertagia leptospicularis but a high effect on Trichostrongylus spp. No effect of host sex was detected in either site. ConclusionsThe presence of some livestock parasite species in the Trois Fontaine roe deer popualtions was surprising given the isolation of this population away from grazing domestic livestock. However, it should be noted that a small group of sheep were resident in the region, albeit separately fenced, which raises some interesting questions regarding the introduction of non-native parasite species into wildlife populations. Overall, our results suggest complex interactions between hosts, environments and parasites and illustrate the power of the nemabiome metabarcoding approach to elucidate the composition of gastrointestinal nematode communities in wildlife.
Transabdominal ultrasonography for the preoperative diagnosis of advanced lymph node metastasis in patients with colon cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Imaizumi Ken , Homma Shigenori , Nishida Mutsumi , Soyama Takeshi , Shimura Ryosuke , Kudo Yusuke , Omotehara Satomi , Yokota Isao , Takagi Ryo , Matsui Hiroki , Miyaoka Yoichi , Ichikawa Nobuki , Yoshida Tadashi , Takahashi Norihiko , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Although computed tomography (CT) has been the standard modality for diagnosing lymph node metastasis (LNM), transabdominal ultrasonography (US) can be useful due to its high spatial resolution and use of Doppler signals to precisely analyze lymph nodes. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of US for lymph node assessment, establish US-based diagnostic criteria for LNM, and compare the capability of US with CT for the diagnosis of LNM.
Methods

This retrospective, single-institution, cohort study included patients who underwent radical surgery for clinical stage 0–III colon cancer, between March 2012 and February 2019.
Results

Overall, 34.9% (66/189) of patients had pathological LNM. The optimal US diagnostic criteria were (1) short axis ≥ 7 mm and short/long ratio ≥ 0.75 and (2) at least two of the following: the absence of hilar echoes, expansive appearance, or peripheral/mixed vascularity vascularity by the color Doppler and/or contrast-enhanced method. US showed a higher diagnostic sensitivity (54.5% vs. 43.9%; P = 0.296), higher concordance with the number of pathological LNM (correlation coefficient: US, 0.42; CT, 0.27) and pathological N diagnosis (weighted κ: US, 0.35; CT, 0.18), and higher sensitivity for advanced LNM, including multiple LNMs (47.4% vs 18.4%; P = 0.014) and N2 stage (27.8% vs 5.6%; P = 0.177), than CT.
Conclusions

US has higher sensitivity than CT for diagnosing LNM in colon cancer, along with a more accurate preoperative diagnosis of the N stage. Thus, US may be more helpful than CT for preoperatively deciding the appropriateness of neoadjuvant treatment in patients with colon cancer with advanced LNM.