bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of motor subtype and tremor type with Parkinson's disease progression: An exploratory longitudinal analysis
Authors: Zhong Yuke , Su Huahua , Liu Ying , Liu Hang , Liu Guohui , Liu Zhihui , Wei Jiahao , Wang Junyi , She Yuchen , Tan Changhong , Mo Lijuan , Han Lin , Deng Fen , Liu Xi , Chen Lifen 
Published: December 2024

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with heterogenous symptoms and progression rates. Some studies have classifying PD into tremor-dominant and non-tremor-dominant PD (TD-PD and Non-TD-PD), finding that TD-PD tend to have a better prognosis, slower disease progression, and lower pathological burden compared to Non-TD-PD. However, this classification does not consider the specific types of tremors, even though recent studies have shown that different types of tremors in PD might have distinct underlying mechanism. Objective Data from 517 de novo drug-naïve PD patients was analyzed. Methods Survival analysis was carried out including motor subtypes, rest tremor presence, kinetic tremor presence, postural tremor presence, as well as the instability of tremor presence or motor subtypes as predictors. Occurrence of 6 outcomes, including motor and non-motor milestones at follow-up, were used as the time-to-event. Results Both TD-PD subtype and rest tremor presence was associated with slower PD progression, while kinetic tremor presence and postural tremor presence, especially kinetic tremor presence, was associated with a faster one. Conclusions Our study suggests different types of tremors are associated with distinct PD prognoses, indicating potential differences in underlying mechanisms. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying different types of tremors in PD and to explain their relationship to disease prognosis.
How Might We Tell if Advances in Diabetes Care and Technology are Helping People to Feel Less Constrained? Introducing the Diabetes Constraints Scale
Authors: Polonsky William H. , Soriano Emily C. , Strycker Lisa A. , Fisher Lawrence 
Published: December 2024

Background: Recent advances in diabetes care and technology, such as real-time continuous glucose monitoring, can help people live more freely, with more flexibility and fewer constraints, thereby enhancing quality of life (QOL). To date, there has been no validated means for measuring this key psychological dimension. We developed the Diabetes Constraints Scale (DCS) to assess perceived constraints pertaining to diabetes self-management. Methods: Six items were developed from qualitative interviews (20 adults with type 2 diabetes [T2D], 8 adults with type 1 diabetes [T1D]). Items were included in one study with T2D adults (N = 458) and one with T1D adults (N = 574). Scale reliability was analyzed for each study using exploratory factor analyses. Associations between DCS and key psychosocial and glycemic variables were assessed. Results: In both studies, factor analyses revealed a single factor, with adequate internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha >.80). Both studies demonstrated significant associations in the expected direction between DCS and overall well-being, diabetes-specific QOL, and diabetes distress (all P < .001). In both studies, DCS was positively linked with the number of missed insulin boluses and the frequency of severe hypoglycemic episodes (T1D both P < .001; T2D both P < .005) and—in the T1D group only—with HbA1c ( P < .001). Conclusions: The DCS is a reliable and valid method to determine the degree to which adults with diabetes feel constrained or limited by the disease. It may serve as a useful tool for assessing how new interventions can help individuals feel freer in the face of the demands of diabetes.
Radiographic and Clinical Results of Minimally Invasive Transverse Distal 1st Metatarsal and Akin Osteotomies for Symptomatic Hallux Valgus
Authors: Fanfan Dino , Todd George , Guevara Christian , Murray Daniel , Giovanni Thomas P. San , Hodgkins Christopher W. , Chapman Cary B. 
Published: December 2024

Category: Bunion; Other Introduction/Purpose: Minimally invasive techniques for surgical treatment of hallux valgus (HV) has gained popularity over the past few years. Most published reports involve combined minimally invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomies (MICA) performed by a single surgeon. This study reports radiographic and clinical results on patients who underwent minimally invasive transverse distal 1st metatarsal and Akin osteotomies by 3 fellowship trained Foot & Ankle orthopedic surgeons. Methods: 192 consecutive patients (213 feet) between 2019 and 2022 with symptomatic hallux valgus without 1st tarsometatarsal or metatarsal phalangeal joint arthritis or TMT joint instability were followed for at least one year. The average age was 56.5, average final follow-up of 13.4 months, and 86.5% (166) of patients were women. Primary radiographic outcomes include pre- and post-operative HV (HVA), inter-metatarsal (IMA), and proximal inter-metatarsal angles (pIMA). Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores were used to determine functional outcomes. Pain relief was measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Complication, re-operation and radiographic recurrence rates were also determined. Radiographic recurrence was defined as a change in HVA >10 degrees. Results: Additional procedures were performed on 83 feet (39%), the most common being lesser metatarsal osteotomies, which was performed in 88% of those patients. Among corrected bunions, 8.5% were classified as severe (HVA >40 degrees) and 79% were moderate (HVA >20 and < 40 degrees). Average pre-op HVA and IMA were 28.4 and 12.8 degrees and improved to 8.4 and 4.2 degrees (p < 0.001). Statistically significant increases in FAAM-ADL, FAAM-Sports and VAS scores were observed (p < 0.001). There were no cases of superficial or deep infections. There were 10 radiographic recurrences, 3 symptomatic recurrences and 2 non-unions requiring re-operation, and 13 (6%) hardware removals. Conclusion: The fourth-generation MIS HV surgery has demonstrated promising results in treating moderate and severe hallux valgus (HV), exhibiting favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes over an average follow-up period of 12.4 months. This technique has showcased remarkable safety and efficacy, with our cohort experiencing minimal recurrence, revision, and complication rates. Both instances of non-unions achieved successful union following re-operation.
Return to Sports and Sports Activities after Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle in Elite Athletes
Authors: Dahmen Jari , Hollander Julian , Ramsodit Kishan , Rikken Quinten , Stufkens Sjoerd , Kerkhoffs Gino M M.M.J. 
Published: December 2024

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the return to sports rate and times after treatment of osteochondral lesions of the ankle in elite level athletes. Methods: All elite level athletes treated for an OLT(P) were selected from a cross-sectional database consisting of consecutive patients with cartilage injuries of the ankle and subsequently underwent prospective follow-up. Outcomes included return to sports outcomes, patient reported outcomes and a qualitative assessment regarding mental health Results: 26 patients with a median age of 22 years (IQR: 19.0 – 24.5) were included with a median follow-up time of 48 months (IQR: 34.5 – 71.0). Seven patients (27%) underwent conservative treatment and 19 patient (73%) operative treatment. Conservative treatment yielded a return to sport rate at any level of 86%, return to pre-injury and return to performance level of both 57%. For operative treatment these rates were 100%, 74% and 63% respectively. Mean time to return to pre-injury level overall was 8.3 months. At latest follow-up only 11 patients (44%) were still active at an elite level of sport. Conclusion: Both conservative and surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions of the ankle yielded return to sport rates above 86% in elite level athletes. The results of this study can be used in the decision-making process between the physician and the elite athlete to inform them about the expected return to sport rates and times for the different treatment options for OLT(P)s. As most athletes at the time of injury and treatment are still highly motivated and disciplined to return to their sport at the same level and be able to compete at the highest level available in their sport.
Deciphering the dynamics of a Younger Dryas rock avalanche in the Bernese Alps
Authors: Bucher Giacomina , Dieleman Catharina , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Aaron Jordan , Vockenhuber Christof , Akçar Naki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLarge rock avalanches play a key role in shaping alpine landscapes. However, the complex interplay between mass movement and other surface processes poses challenges in identifying these deposits and understanding the underlying process controls. Here, we focus on the rock avalanche deposit of the Lurnigalp valley in the Bernese Alps (Switzerland), originally mapped as till. The Lurnigalp valley is a U-shaped tributary valley located in the southwest of Adelboden, Canton Bern. To explore the timing and dynamics of the rock avalanche event, we employed detailed remote and field mapping, sedimentary petrology, surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36Cl, and runout modelling with DAN3D®. For the reconstruction of the chronology, we analyzed cosmogenic 36Cl in surface samples from 15 boulders of the rock avalanche deposit. We developed three distinct scenarios to investigate the dynamics and contextual conditions of the rock avalanche event. In the first scenario, we consider a rock avalanche depositing 1 Mm3 of sediment in a valley devoid of ice. The second scenario uses the same deposit volume but introduces a hypothetical glacier occupying the uppermost part of the valley. Finally, the third scenario, similar to the first scenario with a glacier-free valley, assumes a substantially larger volume of collapsed rock mass. We consider the third scenario the most plausible, in which approximately 6 Mm3 of rock mass, composed of limestone and sandstone, was released from a limestone cliff around 12 ± 2 ka during the Younger Dryas. The collapsed rock mass fell into the ice-free valley floor, ran up the opposite valley side and was deflected towards the northeast following the valley orientation. The rock mass stopped after 2.2 km leaving approximately 6.4 Mm3 deposits spread across the entire valley floor. Subsequently, most of the rock avalanche deposit have been reworked by periglacial activity. We suggest that structural features, lithology and glacial erosion and debuttressing were involved in the weakening of the in-situ bedrock that finally led to the collapse. Our study not only enhances the understanding of rock avalanche mechanisms and their profound impact on Alpine landscape evolution but also elucidates the complex interplay of geological processes that led to the collapse and altered the rock avalanche deposit afterwards.
Performance of A-DROP, NEWS2, and REMS in predicting in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation in pneumonia patients in the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Thirawattanasoot Netiporn , Chongthanadon Brandon , Ruangsomboon Onlak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening respiratory tract infection. Many Early Warning Scores (EWS) were developed to detect patients with high risk for adverse clinical outcomes, but few have explored the utility of these EWS for pneumonia patients in the Emergency Department (ED) setting. We aimed to compare the prognostic utility of A-DROP, NEWS2, and REMS in predicting in-hospital mortality and the requirement for mechanical ventilation among ED patients with pneumonia.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted at the ED of Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Adult patients diagnosed with non-COVID-19 pneumonia between June 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022, were included. We calculated and analyzed their EWS at ED arrival. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was mechanical ventilation.

Results
We enrolled 735 patients; 272 (37%) died at hospital discharge, and 75 (10.2%) required mechanical ventilation. A-DROP had the highest discrimination capacity for in-hospital mortality (AUROC: 0.698, 95% CI 0.659–0.737) compared to NEWS2 (AUROC 0.657; 95%CI 0.617, 0.698) and REMS (AUROC 0.637; 95%CI 0.596, 0.678). A-DROP also had superior performances than NEWS2 and REMS in terms of calibration, overall model performance, and balanced diagnostic accuracy indices at its optimal cut point (A-DROP ≥ 2). No EWS could perform well in predicting mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion
A-DROP had the highest prognostic utility for predicting in-hospital mortality in non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients in the ED compared to NEWS2 and REMS.
Gene expression profiling for the diagnosis of male breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jing , Sun Yifeng , Qi Peng , Wo Yixin , Pang Yue , Xu Qinghua , Xu Midie , Huang Shenglin , Wang Qifeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy, but its global incidence has shown a notable increase in recent decades. Factors such as limited health literacy, inadequate health education, and reluctance to seek medical attention contribute to the late-stage diagnosis of most MBC patients. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic approach to MBC.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 20 patients with 30 surgical or biopsy MBC specimens from August 2020 to August 2023. The 90-gene expression assay was performed to determine the tissue of origin. Predicted tumor types were then compared to the reference diagnosis for accuracy calculation. The differentially expressed genes were identified between male and female breast cancer.

Result
The 90-gene expression assay demonstrated an overall accuracy of 96.7% (29/30) when compared with the pathological diagnosis. For primary, lymph node metastatic, and distant metastatic tumors, the accuracies were 100% (15/15), 90.9% (10/11), and 100% (4/4), respectively. Five genes (RPS4Y1, PI15, AZGP1, PRRX1, and AGR2) were up-regulated, and six (XIST, PIGR, SFRP1, PLA2G2A, S100A2, and CHI3L1) were down-regulated in MBC.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the promising performance of the 90-gene expression assay in accurately identifying the tumor origin in MBC. Incorporating this assay into pathological diagnoses has the potential to empower oncologists with precision treatment options, ultimately enhancing the care and outcomes for patients with MBC.
Assessment of the safety and gut microbiota modulation ability of an infant formula containing Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CP-9 or Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 and the effects of the formula on infant growth outcomes: insights from a four-month clinical study in infants under two months old
Authors: Shen Shang-Po , Lin Hung-Chih , Chen Jui-Fen , Wang Hui-Shan , Huang Yen-Yu , Hsia Ko-Chiang , Lin Jia-Hung , Kuo Yi-Wei , Li Ching-Min , Hsu Yu-Chieh , Tsai Shin-Yu , Ho Hsieh-Hsun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast milk is a natural treasure for infants, and its microbiota contains a rich array of bacterial species. When breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula with probiotics can be used as a sole source or as a breast milk supplement. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the growth outcomes and tolerance of infants consuming an infant formula containing Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CP-9 (B. animalis CP-9) or Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 (L. salivarius AP-32), which were isolated from breast milk and the guts of healthy infants. The safety of these strains in terms of antibiotic resistance and their ability to modulate the gut microbiota were also evaluated.

Methods
One hundred eighty healthy infants were included in this study and separated into three groups: the control group, the L. salivarius AP-32 group, and the B. animalis CP-9 group. In this clinical study, adverse events, growth effects, and the incidence of allergies and gastrointestinal disorders in infants consuming infant formula containing B. animalis CP-9 or L. salivarius AP-32 were evaluated. Finally, the impact of the probiotic infant formula on the gut microbiota was elucidated via next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.

Results
The 4-month interventional study revealed that body weight, recumbent length, and head circumference were similar among the three groups. No adverse events related to the intervention were observed. The microbiota composition was more diverse on day 0 and became more uniform by month 4. B. animalis CP-9 and L. salivarius AP-32 were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin.

Conclusions
The use of infant formula containing B. animalis CP-9 and L. salivarius AP-32 was considered safe and well tolerated, with no adverse events observed during the study. While these strains showed low antibiotic resistance and no immediate concerns related to antibiotic resistance genes, further research is needed to comprehensively assess their long-term safety and efficacy and the potential risk of horizontal gene transfer in broader contexts.

Trial registration
The trial was registered with the US Library of Medicine (clinicaltrials.gov) with the number NCT03993301 on 20/06/2019.
Unveiling the mechanical performance of partially replaced coronal restorations in root canal-treated teeth: an in-vitro study
Authors: Turky Mohammed , Plotino Gianluca , Mahmoud Nermin Alsayed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the mechanical performance of partially replaced (repaired) intra-coronal restorations to totally replaced ones in root canal-treated teeth.

Methods
Thirty maxillary second premolars were selected according to strict criteria, mounted on moulds, and had mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities prepared. Resin composite restorative material was used to perform the initial restoration, followed by aging procedures using thermo-mechanical cycling fatigue to replicate six months of intraoral aging. The specimens were then randomly divided into two groups: a totally replaced restoration (TR) group (n = 15), which involved the preparation of a traditional endodontic access cavity after the complete removal of the pre-existing coronal filling; and a partially replaced restoration (PR) group (n = 15), which involved accessing the tooth through the pre-existing restoration without completely removing it. Root canal preparation and filling procedures were conducted, and the access cavity was sealed with a new resin composite restoration, followed by a new thermo-mechanical cycling aging procedure. Finally, the specimens were submitted to a static fracture test to measure specimen fracture strength and determine the failure mode pattern (repairable fracture or irreparable fracture). Chi-square and t-tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Significant differences between the groups regarding their mechanical resistance were found. The average failure load of the TR group was 1115.13 N and 1330.23 N in the PR group (p = 0.002). Regarding the failure modes, the TR group exhibited eight irreparable fractures, while the PR group had four (p = 0.136).

Conclusions
Partially replaced restorations presented higher fracture strength and led to fewer irreparable fractures when compared to totally replaced restorations in root canal-treated teeth.
Hazard assessment of nanomaterials: how to meet the requirements for (next generation) risk assessment
Authors: Longhin Eleonora Marta , Rios-Mondragon Ivan , Mariussen Espen , Zheng Congying , Busquets Martí , Gajewicz-Skretna Agnieszka , Hofshagen Ole-Bendik , Bastus Neus Gómez , Puntes Victor Franco , Cimpan Mihaela Roxana , Shaposhnikov Sergey , Dusinska Maria , Rundén-Pran Elise 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Hazard and risk assessment of nanomaterials (NMs) face challenges due to, among others, the numerous existing nanoforms, discordant data and conflicting results found in the literature, and specific challenges in the application of strategies such as grouping and read-across, emphasizing the need for New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to support Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA). Here these challenges are addressed in a study that couples physico-chemical characterization with in vitro investigations and in silico similarity analyses for nine nanoforms, having different chemical composition, sizes, aggregation states and shapes. For cytotoxicity assessment, three methods (Alamar Blue, Colony Forming Efficiency, and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing) are applied in a cross-validation approach to support NAMs implementation into NGRA.

Results
The results highlight the role of physico-chemical properties in eliciting biological responses. Uptake studies reveal distinct cellular morphological changes. The cytotoxicity assessment shows varying responses among NMs, consistent among the three methods used, while only one nanoform gave a positive response in the genotoxicity assessment performed by comet assay.

Conclusions
The study highlights the potential of in silico models to effectively identify biologically active nanoforms based on their physico-chemical properties, reinforcing previous knowledge on the relevance of certain properties, such as aspect ratio. The potential of implementing in vitro methods into NGRA is underlined, cross-validating three cytotoxicity assessment methods, and showcasing their strength in terms of sensitivity and suitability for the testing of NMs.

Graphical abstract

Created with BioRender.com (publication license obtained)
Standard: Human gastric cancer organoids
Authors: Tan Ronghui , Hong Fan , Wang Ting , Zhong Nanshan , Zhao Hongling , Xu Rui-hua , Shen Lin , Liu Yingbin , Yao Xuebiao , Xiang Dongxi , Gao Dong , Xiong Jianping , Hui Lijian , Zhao Bing , Miao Zhifeng , Hao Jie , Li Yong , Hu Shijun , Fu Boqiang , Hua Guoqiang , Wang Lei , Zeng Zhao-Lei , Chen Chong , Wu Jianmin , Wang Changlin , Wang Chunnian , Zhan Xianbao , Song Chen , Sun Zhijian , Yu Chunping , Yang Yingying , Niu Gengming , Wang Yalong , Zhao Tongbiao , Chen Ye-Guang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis. The use of organoids to simulate gastric cancer has rapidly developed over the past several years. Patient-derived gastric cancer organoids serve as in vitro models that closely mimics donor characteristics, offering new opportunities for both basic and applied research. The “Human Gastric Cancer Organoid” is part of a series of guidelines for human gastric cancer organoids in China, jointly drafted by experts from the Chinese Society for Cell Biology and its branches, and initially released on October 29, 2024. This standard outlines terminology, technical requirements, assessment protocols, and applies to production, evaluation procedures, and quality control for human gastric cancer organoids. The publication of this guideline aims to assist institutions in endorsing, establishing, and applying best practices, advancing the international standardization of human gastric cancer organoids for clinical development and therapeutic application.