bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgG4‐related disease is characterised by the overexpression of immunomodulatory proteins
Authors: Arora Kshitij , Kulkarni Anupriya , Pankaj Amaya , Desai Niyati , Deshpande Vikram 
Published: September 2021

AimsImmunoglobulin 4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a multisystem disease, characterised by tumefactive lesions and a swift response to immunosuppressive therapy. Although elevated serum and tissue IgG4 are characteristic, T cells appear to be the primary driver of this immunologically mediated disease. The overarching goal was to examine the role of immunomodulatory cells in IgG4‐RD.Methods and resultsBiopsies from patients with IgG4‐RD (n = 39) and mimics of this disease (n = 78) were evaluated for IgG4, IgG, CD8, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and a subset (n = 18) evaluated for CD4, purine rich box 1 (PU.1), forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), PD‐L1, programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1), indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and lymphocyte‐activation gene 3 (LAG3). Data pertaining to demographics and laboratory findings at baseline evaluation was extracted from electronic medical records. When compared to mimics, IgG4‐RD showed increased numbers of PD‐L1‐ (P = 0.0001), PD‐1‐ (P = 0.001), IDO1‐ (P = 0.03), LAG3‐ (P = 0.04) and FoxP3‐ (P = 0.04)‐positive immune cells. The PD‐L1‐positive cells were enriched within aggregates of CD4 and CD8‐positive T cells. Thirty‐one of 39 (80%) IgG4‐RD cases showed greater than five PD‐L1‐positive cells per high‐power field (HPF), while four of 78 (5%) mimics of this disease exceeded this cut‐point. In IgG4‐RD, PD‐L1‐positive macrophages correlated with PD‐1‐ (P = 0.002), LAG3‐ (P = 0.001) and IDO1‐positive cells (P = 0.001); a‐positive correlation was also noted between IgG4/IgG ratio and PD‐L1‐, PD‐1‐ and IDO1‐positive cells.ConclusionsIgG4‐RD shows expansion of mechanisms that maintain peripheral tolerance. The spatial and temporal relationship between T cells and the PD‐L1–PD‐1 axis and the up‐regulation of multiple immunomodulatory proteins suggests that these immunoregulatory mechanisms play a significant role in IgG4‐RD.
Defending ‘Co‐offending’ Women: Recognising Domestic Abuse and Coercive Control in ‘Joint Enterprise' Cases Involving Women and their Intimate Partners
Authors: HULLEY SUSIE 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe role of coercive control in women's offending has been increasingly recognised in law. Yet, there remains a significant blind spot that leads to grossly unfair outcomes for women who are implicated in cases of serious violence with their abusive partners. This article outlines the role that abusive relationships play in women being ‘associated’ with an offence, being present at the scene and unable to withdraw and being implicated in the police investigation. It argues that such relationships must be recognised in legal practice and in the law, to avoid serious miscarriages of justice being enacted upon women who have already been repeatedly failed by the State.
Experiences of nursing care for patients who self‐harm and suggestions for future practices: The perspectives of emergency care nurses
Authors: Østervang Christina , Geisler Johansen Lærke , Friis‐Brixen Anne , Myhre Jensen Charlotte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelf‐harm is a major challenge in healthcare systems. Emergency department nurses provide care to numerous patients with self‐harm injuries. Accordingly, nurse–patient interactions are vital to improve the physical and psychological outcomes of this complex patient group. Previous studies have proposed the establishment of improved teaching programs to increase the competence of emergency department nurses within mental health care; however, few studies have comprehensively investigated the experiences and suggestions for future nursing practices. Therefore, we gathered in‐depth knowledge of Danish emergency department nurses' experiences caring for patients who self‐harm and obtained their suggestions on future nursing practices. Ten semi‐structured interviews were conducted to capture the nurses' individual perspectives. The scientific theory is based on phenomenology and hermeneutics. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used, and three themes were identified: (i) importance of having the competences to establish a relationship in the acute phase; (ii) acute care from a biomedical perspective; and (iii) highlighting ideas for improved future practices. The emergency department nurses were aware of the importance of mental health care but found their competence and motivation situated in medical care. The nurses felt that they lacked skills to undertake in‐depth mental care for patients who self‐harm and that the healthcare system failed to help this group of patients. Based on these findings, rather than aiming at improving nursing skills, we suggest a close collaboration between the emergency and psychiatric departments to improve the quality of care for patients who self‐harm. We also recommend organizational changes within the emergency department, such as the introduction of a so‐called ‘social track’.
IFRS 9 and its behavior in the cycle: The evidence on EU countries
Authors: Pastiranová Oľga , Witzany Jiří 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze empirically the behavior of expected loan loss provisions during the economic cycle. The provisioning rules under IFRS 9 require the creation of reserves to cover expected credit losses, were anticipated to act countercyclically, and thus replaced the rules under IAS 39, which are widely presumed to have a procyclical impact. Observing the dynamics of the economic cycle during the economic downturn resulting from the COVID restrictions, a panel regression was performed to test the hypothesis that loan loss provisioning rules under IFRS 9 have a procyclical impact. The hypothesis was not rejected on the basis of a sample of the member countries of the European Union for the period of 1Q 2015 – 3Q 2020. Since the conclusions about procyclicality of loan loss provisions under IFRS 9 might be sensitive to the choice of models applied by the banks or to the assumptions applied to forward‐looking information used in the models, there are certain areas that supervisory and regulatory authorities might look into to increase the quality of ECL models and their predictive power and help to eliminate potential triggers of procyclicality.
The Demand for Assets: Evidence from the Markov Switching Normalized Quadratic Model
Authors: XU LIBO , SERLETIS APOSTOLOS 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we provide and illustrate a solution to the inter‐related problems of estimation of asset demand functions, instability of money demand relations, and monetary aggregation. We use an econometric framework that very flexibly allows for changes in the coefficients of the asset demand functions and then quantifying the implications that this asset demand instability has for monetary policy and monetary aggregation. Our approach allows the estimation of asset demand functions in a systems context, using a flexible functional form for the aggregator function, based on the dual approach to demand system generation. However, instead of assuming that consumer preferences are fixed as in the neoclassical demand theory, we assume Markov regime switching, thus allowing for complicated nonlinear dynamics and sudden changes in the parameters of the asset demand functions and the underlying aggregator function. We use the monthly time series data on monetary asset quantities and their user costs, recently produced for the United States and maintained within the Center of Financial Stability, and the Normalized Quadratic (NQ) flexible functional form with Markov regime switching, to generate inference in terms of a full set of elasticities, simultaneously achieving consistency with the data‐generating process and economic and econometric regularity. We find evidence that our five‐regime NQ model provides a better fit of the actual data than a single regime model, that the asset demand specifications exhibit instability between regimes, but are rather stable within regimes, and that the assets are in general Morishima substitutes with the Morishima elasticities of substitution always being below unity.
Taxes and tax‐exempt bonds: A literature review
Authors: Spreen Thomas Luke , Gerrish Ed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article reviews and synthesizes the academic literature on income tax exemptions for interest income derived from state and local (municipal) bonds. It explores a large body of work that evaluates the impact of federal and state tax exemptions on the borrowing costs of state and local governments. It also considers how the tax exemption influences municipal financing decisions, its distributional impacts, and potential for tax arbitrage schemes. It concludes with a discussion of the viability of eliminating the tax exemption entirely or transitioning the preference to a tax credit mirroring municipal bonds sold under the Build America Bond (BAB) program.
Health outcomes in women attending with clinical guideline PROGYNE to a primary care center for cervical cancer prevention
Authors: Gomes Maria Luziene de Sousa , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha , Sousa Deise Maria do Nascimento , Moura Nádya dos Santos , Rodrigues Ivana Rios , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva , Silva Bárbara Gomes Santos , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe objective of the current study was to analyze the health outcomes of women attending with a clinical guideline to consultations for cervical cancer (CC) prevention in a primary care center.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used, and data were collected from March to July 2016 with a sample of 87 women in Fortaleza, Brazil.ResultsThe following correlations were found: previous history of sexually transmitted infection (p = 0.025), women who used oral contraceptives (p = 0.035), and undergo the Papanicolaou test annually; having black skin color (p = 0.031) and attending to the first gynecological consultation; being single (p = 0.031), family history of cancer (p < 0.001), and undergoing the first Papanicolaou test within the first 3 years of sexual activity; age up to 30 years and positive colposcopy (p = 0.027); and being single and positive colposcopy (p = 0.021). CC was characterized by the presence of intraepithelial lesion detected on colposcopy (gold standard). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of visual inspection with Lugol's iodine, digital cervicography, and Papanicolaou test. The area under the curve values were as follows: digital cervicography: 0.558, p = 0.509; Lugol's iodine: 0.491, p = 0.919; and Papanicolaou test: 0.697, p = 0.024.ConclusionColposcopy in primary care provided a faster diagnosis of pre‐cancerous lesions. Understanding the health outcomes of women who underwent consultations for CC prevention, as well as the screening and diagnosis methods used, is essential to the service and national health system of the less developed countries.
Training clinicians in a problem‐solving fatigue programme for patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Farragher Janine F. , Davis Jane A. , Polatajko Helene J. , Thomas Chandra , Ravani Pietro , Manns Braden , Elliott Meghan J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersonal Energy Planning is a problem‐solving based programme that guides people receiving maintenance haemodialysis treatment to use energy management strategies to address life participation challenges. The feasibility of training dialysis clinicians to become Personal Energy Planning coaches (i.e., programme administrators) is currently unknown.ObjectivesTo explore the feasibility of training dialysis clinicians to administer the Personal Energy Planning programme.DesignFeasibility study involving an adherence evaluation of two trained dialysis clinician coaches' problem‐solving facilitation skills, and one qualitative interview with each coach.ParticipantsTwo Personal Energy Planning coaches with nursing backgrounds who administered the programme to 10 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis treatment over a total of 34 sessions.ApproachAudio recordings of one session per treatment recipient (n = 10) were evaluated using an established treatment adherence checklist. The proportion of treatment sessions where the item was observed by two adherence raters was calculated. In addition, coaches were interviewed about their experiences learning and administering the programme; interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.FindingsSome core facilitation skills (e.g., patient‐centred goal setting and analysis of performance breakdowns) were consistently used; however, other facilitation skills (e.g., guided discovery and global problem‐solving strategy) were not regularly implemented. The coaches discussed challenges (e.g., supporting patient problem‐solving and fluctuating patient health) with administering the intervention. Certain training resources (e.g., coaching handbook and expert consultation) were identified as valuable to their learning.ConclusionsWith modifications to training materials, it might be feasible to train dialysis clinicians to administer Personal Energy Planning with people receiving maintenance haemodialysis treatment.
The effectiveness of short text messages on nurses' arrhythmia interpretation skills
Authors: Kes Duygu , Ozduran Bahar , Celik Sevim , Cetin Erdem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care nurses play an important role in the management of critically ill patients including identification of cardiac arrhythmias. Interventions to improve arrhythmia identification can be expensive, time‐consuming, and are not always successful.AimsThis study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using short message service (SMS) messaging to improve intensive care nurses' cardiac arrhythmia interpretation skills.DesignThis study was a prospective, two‐group, assessor‐blinded, randomized controlled trial with a pretest‐posttest experimental design.MethodsThe study was conducted from February 2020 to February 2021 for the intervention as well as the control group, in a teaching hospital in northwest Turkey. The intervention group was sent the one‐way SMS messages on cardiac arrhythmias via WhatsApp during an 8‐week period, whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. The Cardiac arrhythmias assessment questionnaire (CAAQ) was used to measure outcomes. The data were analysed using ANCOVA and an independent t‐test.ResultsA total of 66 intensive care nurses were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The ANCOVA analysis indicated that ICU nurses who received SMS messages about cardiac arrhythmias two times a week had significantly increased CAAQ scores (P < 0.001) with a large effect size (partial eta‐squared = 0.588).ConclusionThis study concluded that using SMS messages as a training tool has a positive influence on cardiac arrhythmias interpretation skills among ICU nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceUsing SMS messages could be an alternative, effective, and innovative approach to improve nurses' clinical practice skills.
Family involvement on nursing wards and the role conflicts experienced by surgical nurses: A multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Smits Marte A.A. , Boezeman Edwin J. , Nieuwenhuijsen Karen , de Boer Angela G.E.M. , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J.M. , Eskes Anne M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine among surgical nurses whether work–role conflict, work–role ambiguity, respect, distress and trust in collaboration due to interactions with family caregivers in the nursing ward are associated with the quality of contact with patients and their families.MethodsA multicentre cross‐sectional study was conducted between January and March 2020. Surgical nurses completed a questionnaire recording work–role conflict, work–role ambiguity, sense of respect, distress, trust in collaboration and quality of contact with patients and their families. Data were analysed using correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and mediation regression analysis.ResultsA total of 135 nurses completed the questionnaire. The correlation analysis showed significant correlations between nurses’ impaired quality of contact with patients and their families and nurses’ work–role conflicts, work–role ambiguity, trust in collaboration and distress (p < 0.05). The multiple regression analyses corroborated that work–role conflict and distress were significantly and positively associated with impaired quality of contact. Furthermore, mediation regression analysis showed that work–role conflict was associated indirectly and significantly with quality of contact through distress.ConclusionWork–role conflict due to having family caregivers involved in the care of hospitalised patients is significantly associated with nurses’ distress and quality of contact with patients and their families.
Game and preferences analysis for virtual water strategy based on a Hotelling model
Authors: Zhi Yuan , Hamilton Paul B. , Yang Hao , Sun Yuanyuan , Wu Guoyong , Liang Longyue , Xiong Debin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe implementation of the virtual water strategy (VWS) transporting invisible water resources through product scheduling faces resistance due to limited reporting and understanding and the lack of motivation analysis for stakeholders. This study builds a semi‐quantitative Hotelling game model under different scenarios to analyse the influence of preference and material benefits on potential acceptance of VWS with policymakers and stakeholders. Equilibrium analyses of the game show that human preference can be as important as real benefits. With preference differences, it is hard to make all stakeholders accept or reject a VWS approach in achieving optimal results for environment and social welfare. To implement a sustainable VWS mode, modifying preferences through propaganda and education can be effective. The natural play of the game with modified preferences will ultimately favour a holistic VWS approach to responsible management. This model supports the effectiveness of game theory in the implementation of a VWS.
Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10‐day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Zuccarelli Lucrezia , Baldassarre Giovanni , Magnesa Benedetta , Degano Cristina , Comelli Marina , Gasparini Mladen , Manferdelli Giorgio , Marzorati Mauro , Mavelli Irene , Pilotto Andrea , Porcelli Simone , Rasica Letizia , Šimunič Boštjan , Pišot Rado , Narici Marco , Grassi Bruno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to identify peripheral biomarkers of impaired oxidative metabolism during exercise following a 10‐day bed rest, 10 males performed an incremental exercise (to determine peak pulmonary V̇O2 (V̇O2p)) and moderate‐intensity exercises, before (PRE) and after (POST) bed rest. Blood flow response was evaluated in the common femoral artery by Eco‐Doppler during 1 min of passive leg movements (PLM). The intramuscular matching between O2 delivery and O2 utilization was evaluated by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Mitochondrial respiration was evaluated ex vivo by high‐resolution respirometry in isolated muscle fibres, and in vivo by NIRS by the evaluation of skeletal muscle V̇O2 (V̇O2m) recovery kinetics. Resting V̇O2m was estimated by NIRS. Peak V̇O2p was lower in POST vs. PRE. The area under the blood flow vs. time curve during PLM was smaller (P = 0.03) in POST (274 ± 233 mL) vs. PRE (427 ± 291). An increased (P = 0.03) overshoot of muscle deoxygenation during a metabolic transition was identified in POST. Skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity was not different (P = 0.11) in POST (131 ± 16 nmol min–1 mg–1) vs. PRE (138 ± 19). Maximal ADP‐stimulated mitochondrial respiration (66 ± 18 pmol s–1 mg–1 (POST) vs. 72 ± 14 (PRE), P = 0.41) was not affected by bed rest. Apparent Km for ADP sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration was reduced in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.04). The V̇O2m recovery time constant was not different (P = 0.79) in POST (22 ± 6 s) vs. PRE (22 ± 6). Resting V̇O2m was reduced by 25% in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.006). Microvascular‐endothelial function was impaired following a 10‐day bed rest, whereas mitochondrial mass and function (both in vivo and ex vivo) were unaffected or slightly enhanced.Key points
Ten days of horizontal bed rest impaired in vivo oxidative function during exercise.
Microvascular impairments were identified by different methods.
Mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial function (evaluated both in vivo and ex vivo) were unchanged or even improved (i.e. enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP]).
Resting muscle oxygen uptake was significantly lower following bed rest, suggesting that muscle catabolic processes induced by bed rest/inactivity are less energy‐consuming than anabolic ones.
Schmidt Decomposition and Coherence of Interfering Alternatives
Authors: Fastovets D. V. , Bogdanov Yu. I. , Bogdanova N. A. , Lukichev V. F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Schmidt decomposition and the correlational analysis based on it make it possible to identify statistical dependences between various subsystems of a single physical system. The systems under consideration can be both quantum states and classical probability distributions. In this study, two different physical systems are considered: quantum Schrödinger cat states and double-slit interference of microparticles. It is shown that the considered systems have a single internal structure and can be described in general terms of interfering alternatives. An effective approach is developed that allows us to calculate optical characteristics of interference such as visibility and coherence. It is shown that the scalar product of the states of the environment of interfering alternatives acts as a natural generalization of the classical complex parameter of the coherence of light oscillations, which determines the visibility of the interference pattern. A simple quantitative relationship is obtained between the visibility of the interference pattern and the Schmidt number, which determines the level of connection between a quantum system and its environment. The developed approaches are generalized to the case of multidimensional Schrödinger cat states.
Quantum Chemical Study of Spin Transitions in the Bimetallic Fe/Co Complexes with the Bis(catecholate) Bridging Ligand
Authors: Chegerev M. G. , Starikov A. G. , Starikova A. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe computational modeling of the spatial and electronic structures, energy characteristics, and magnetic properties of the bimetallic iron and cobalt complexes with 9,10-dimethyl-9,10-ethano-9,10-dihydro-2,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyanthracene and terminal tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine bases is performed using the density functional theory method (DFT UTPSSh/6-311++G(d,p)). The chosen tetradentate redox ligand is shown to be a promising precursor for the production of magnetically active compounds. The calculations make it possible to establish a relationship between the relative energies of the electronic isomers of the complexes and the structures of the ancillary N-donor moieties. The coordination compounds prone to the manifestation of spin transitions accompanied by a change in the magnetic properties are revealed.
Coordination Polymers of Scandium(III) and Thiophenedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Lysova A. A. , Dubskikh V. A. , Abasheeva K. D. , Vasileva A. A. , Samsonenko D. G. , Dybtsev D. N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Three new metal−organic frameworks based on scandium(III) cations and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H2Tdc) are synthesized: [Sc(Tdc)(OH)]·1.2DMF (I), [Sc(Tdc)(OH)]·2/3DMF (II), and (Me2NH2)[Sc3(Tdc)4(OH)2]·DMF (III) (DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide). The structures of the compounds are determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis (CIF file CCDC nos. 2067819 (I), 2067820 (II), and 2067821 (III)). The chemical and phase purity of compound I is proved by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and IR spectroscopy.