bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape Reconstruction of Liquid Ligaments and Droplets Model via Multi-View Digital Inline Holography
Authors: Shang Weixiao , Gomez Mateo , Meyer Terrence R. , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Digital inline holography (DIH), as a three-dimensional (3D) measurement technique, is widely used in characterizations of the particles, droplets or bubbles under different multi-phase flow circumstances. By analyzing the phase information carried by the interference pattern, the reconstruction of shape and the location of a test target is then achieved. However, such reconstruction mechanism produces different levels of uncertainty between the in-plane (the plane parallel to the hologram plane) direction and out-of-plane (the plane normal to the hologram plane) direction, and the uncertainty of the latter is larger than the former. Also, the reconstruction algorithm fails when the interference patterns of some sections of the target are overlapped on the hologram since the overlapped patterns are merged into a pure shadow which doesn’t carry any phase information. This paper tested a method, the Multi-view Digital Inline Holography (MvDIH), that combines the holograms recorded from multiple views to overcome the addressed defects of the single view DIH. This technique uses the similar setup as the DIH but applies a different post-process method to implement the reconstruction. As the DIH is applied to each view, one can not only acquire the cross-section of the target in the hologram plane but also the outline of such cross-section in the space. Then, two reconstruction methods with different ideologies are developed as, the one based on the outline and the one based on the cross-section. A post-process algorithm is developed to realize these two reconstruction methods with the holograms recorded from different views. To evaluate the performance of the Multi-view DIH, a test model which imitates the droplet and liquid ligament structure is 3D printed and measured by the proposed method. The results demonstrate that, with only three view, both method provides limited reconstruction result. When comparing to the true test model, for the outline based method, some parts of the reconstructed model are missing and some details are merged into one piece with simple geometry. Yet, for the cross-section based method, the reconstructed model contains redundant parts which also make such result unsatisfied. As the used holograms are increased to six views, the reconstructed result for cross-section based method is approaching to the true model, but still some sections are reconstructed with certain level of ambiguity.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Liquid Sodium in Small-Scale Heat Sinks With Different Geometries
Authors: Pourghasemi Mahyar , Fathi Nima 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
3-D numerical simulations are performed to investigate liquid sodium (Na) flow and the heat transfer within miniature heat sinks with different geometries and hydraulic diameters of less than 5 mm. Two different straight small-scale heat sinks with rectangular and triangular cross-sections are studied in the laminar flow with the Reynolds number up to 1900. The local and average Nusselt numbers are obtained and compared against eachother. At the same surface area to volume ratio, rectangular minichannel heat sink leads to almost 280% higher convective heat transfer rate in comparison with triangular heat sink. It is observed that the difference between thermal efficiencies of rectangular and triangular minichannel heat sinks was independent of flow Reynolds number.
Progress in Analytical Modeling of Water Hammer
Authors: Urbanowicz Kamil , Jing Haixiao , Bergant Anton , Stosiak Michał , Lubecki Marek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper analytical formulas of water hammer known from the literature are simplified to the shortest possible mathematical form based on dimensionless parameters: dimensionless time, water hammer number, etc. Novel formulas are determined, for example for the flow velocity and wall shear stress in the Muto and Takahashi solution. A complete solution in the Laplace domain is presented and the problem of its inverse transformation is discussed. A series of comparative studies of analytical solutions with numerical solutions and the results of experimental research were carried out. The compared analytical solutions, taking into account the frequency-dependent nature of the hydraulic resistances, show very good agreement with the experimental results in a wide range of water hammer numbers, in particular when Wh ≤ 0.1. On the other hand, it turned out that the analytical model based on the quasi-steady friction in great detail simulates dynamic pressure response in systems characterized by a high value of the water hammer number Wh ≥ 0.5.
Numerical Simulations and Data Analyses to Identify Aerodynamic Noise Sources Emitted From Small Axial Fan
Authors: Obayashi Wataru , Aono Hikaru , Tatsukawa Tomoaki , Fujii Kozo , Takeda Koichi , Takemi Kazutoshi , Murakami Naoya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aerodynamic noise from fan motors is main noise source of domestic electric appliances and office automation equipment. Reduction of the fan motor noise emission is important to construct comfortable living and working environment. In this study, we investigate aerodynamic noise generation mechanisms associated with a rotating small axial fan using high-resolution large-eddy simulation. The computed results present the first mode of blade passing frequency and its harmonics although there is slight difference in the frequency. Using the data obtained, data analyses are carried out by using snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition. The results indicate and suggest possible three sources of noise: variation of the flows over the impellers, complex flows near the boss of the fan, and separated flows in a narrow region between the impeller tips and the casing.
Research on the Performance of a Passive Gas-Liquid Separator Used in Space
Authors: Wu Chengshuo , Wu Peng , Huang Bin , Wu Dazhuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gas-liquid separation technology is one of the key technologies of environmental control and life support in manned spaceflight. In order to realize gas-liquid separation under microgravity, a prototype of a gas-liquid separator based on passive static separation technology was designed, manufactured, and studied by both ground experimental tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results show that the experimental results on earth are in good agreement with the simulation results and the internal fluid distribution directly determines the separation rate of the separator. The separation rate and internal flow field of the separator were also investigated under various flow rate conditions and gravity levels. Results show that higher liquid flow rate and lower gravity level can improve gas-liquid separation rate which attributes to the formation of a complete liquid film at the bottom of the collector. The separation rate can reach 100% within the specific ratio range, and the structure of the equipment is simple, without any power components, meeting the requirements of long life and high reliability of space equipment. It can provide a reference for gas-liquid separation in space under the microgravity environment.
The Effects of an Associative, Dissociative, Internal, and External Focus of Attention on Running Economy
Authors: Aghdaei Mahin , Farsi Alireza , Khalaji Maryam , Porter Jared 
Published: October 2021

Much research has been executed to investigate how altering focus of attention impacts performance and feelings of fatigue. Using a within-participant design, the present study examined how an associative and dissociative attentional in addition to an internal and external attentional dimension influenced the running economy of nonprofessional runners. Twelve women (aged 18–30 years old) ran on a treadmill at 70% of their predetermined maximum velocity. Participants ran in four counterbalanced conditions (dissociative-external, dissociative-internal, associative-external, and associative-internal). Average oxygen volume, respiration volume and breathing frequency, heart rate, blood lactate level, and Borg rating of perceived exertion were measured. Our findings revealed when participants adopted a dissociative-external focus of attention, they consumed less oxygen, had lower blood lactate, and a lower rating of perceived exertion compared with trials completed using an associative attention strategy. The findings of this study demonstrate that running economy is improved and feelings of fatigue are lowest when using a combination of a dissociative-external focus of attention.
Opportunities Denied: The Divergent Resonance of Opportunity for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Hockey Players With the Now-Disbanded Beardy’s Blackhawks
Authors: Rathwell Mika , Henry Robert , McKegney Sam 
Published: October 2021

For 25 years, the Beardy’s Blackhawks were Canada’s only U18 AAA hockey team located on and operated by a First Nation. The team encouraged young, Indigenous athletes to take pride in their cultural heritage and offered a sense of belonging and acceptance while also providing an opportunity for non-Indigenous players to play in such an environment. In 2019, the Saskatchewan Hockey Association made the decision to eliminate the Blackhawks from the league, describing their removal as a need to address “league concerns” related to billeting and younger player development. The purpose of this article is to analyze differences in how opportunity is understood and experienced by final-roster players (2019/2020 hockey season) and past alumni and, particularly, how it diverged across racial and cultural axes. What is found through semistructured interviews is that the concept of opportunity shifts between Indigenous and non-Indigenous players: Whereas Indigenous players tend to view opportunity in relation to cultural pride, non-Indigenous players view opportunity primarily in relation to future hockey opportunities. We argue that specific elite sporting opportunities that are characterized by Indigenous values are needed for a greater and more diverse range of Indigenous athletes to succeed in elite sport.
Effectiveness of a lifestyle weight-loss intervention targeting inactive former elite athletes: the Champ4Life randomised controlled trial
Authors: Silva Analiza M , Nunes Catarina L , Jesus Filipe , Francisco Ruben , Matias Catarina N , Cardoso Miguel , Santos Inês , Carraça Eliana V , Finlayson Graham , Silva Marlene Nunes , Dickinson Stephanie , Allison David , Minderico Cláudia S , Martins Paulo , Sardinha Luis B 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesMany athletes struggle in managing the end of their career, often gaining weight and adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Lifestyle programmes targeting former athletes who have gained substantial fat mass (FM) postsports career are lacking. We studied the effects of the Champ4Life programme on body composition and other health-related outcomes in former elite athletes with overweight or obesity.MethodsNinety-four former athletes(42.4±7.3 y, 34.0% female) were recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG; n=49) or a control group (CG; n=45). The IG attended 12 educational sessions addressing physical activity, weight management and nutrition. They also had a nutrition appointment aimed to prescribe a moderate caloric deficit(~300–500 kcal/day). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. The Short-Form Health Survey-36 questionnaire was used to measure general health-related quality of life. Blood samples were collected to assess cardiometabolic health parameters.ResultsAt 12 months, the IG lost more weight (estimated difference (ED)=−5.3 kg; −6.9 to −3.8), total FM (ED=−4.1 kg; −5.4 to −2.8) and abdominal FM (ED=−0.49 kg; −0.64 to −0.33) than did the CG (p’s<0.001). Cardiometabolic health markers also improved significantly (p<0.05) more in the IG at 12 months (insulin (ED=−4.9 μU/mL;−8.0 to −1.8); homoeostatic model assessment (ED=−1.2; −2.1 to −0.4); total cholesterol (ED=−21.8 mg/dL; -35.4 to −8.2); low-density lipoprotein (ED=18.2 mg/dL;−29.2 to −7.1)), as did quality-of-life dimensions (physical functioning (ED=11.7; 6.5 to 16.9); physical role (ED=17.6; 2.1 to 33.0); general health (ED=19.4; 11.4 to 27.4); vitality (ED=13.3; 5.3 to 21.3) and mental health (ED=12.3; 4.1 to 20.6)).ConclusionsThe Champ4Life programme was effective in substantially reducing total and abdominal FM while preserving fat-free mass and improving health-related markers. These findings will enable evidence-based decisions when implementing lifestyle interventions targeting retired elite athletes.Trial registeration numberNCT03031951.
Clinical value of laboratory indicators for predicting disease progression and death in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Qian , Cheng Jie , Shang Jian , Wang Ying , Wan Jing , Yan You-qin , Liu Wen-bin , Zhang Hai-Ping , Wang Jian-ping , Wang Xiao-yue , Li Zi-ang , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesAs early prediction of severe illness and death for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is important, we aim to explore the clinical value of laboratory indicators in evaluating the progression and prognosis of patients with COVID-19.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHospital-based study in China.ParticipantsAdult patients with COVID-19 from December 15, 2019 to March 15, 2020.End pointDisease severity and mortality.MethodsClinical data of 638 patients with COVID-19 were collected and compared between severe and non-severe groups. The predictive ability of laboratory indicators in disease progression and prognosis of COVID-19 was analysed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The survival differences of COVID-19 patients with different levels of laboratory indicators were analysed utilising Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results29.8% (190/638) of patients with COVID-19 progressed to severe. Compared with patients with no adverse events, C reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer were significantly higher in severe patients with adverse events, such as acute myocardial injury, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, multiple organ dysfunction syndromes and death (all p<0.05). The multivariate logistic analysis suggested that CRP, NLR and D-dimer were independent risk factors for the disease progression of COVID-19 (all p<0.05). The model combining all of them owned the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) predicting disease progression and death of COVID-19, with AUC of 0.894 (95% CI 0.857 to 0.931) and 0.918 (95% CI 0.873 to 0.962), respectively. Survival analysis suggested that the patients with a high level of CRP, NLR or D-dimer performed shorter overall survival time (all p<0.05).ConclusionsThe combination of CRP, NLR and D-dimer could be an effective predictor for the aggravation and death in patients with COVID-19. The abnormal expression of these indicators might suggest a strong inflammatory response and multiple adverse events in patients with severe COVID-19.
Population heterogeneity in associations between hormonal contraception and antidepressant use in Sweden: a prospective cohort study applying intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA)
Authors: Zettermark Sofia , Khalaf Kani , Perez-Vicente Raquel , Leckie George , Mulinari Diana , Merlo Juan 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesFrom a reproductive justice framework, we aimed to investigate how a possible association between hormonal contraceptive (HC) and antidepressants use (as a proxy for depression) is distributed across intersectional strata in the population. We aimed to visualise how intersecting power dynamics may operate in combination with HC use to increase or decrease subsequent use of antidepressants. Our main hypothesis was that the previously observed association between HC and antidepressants use would vary between strata, being more pronounced in more oppressed intersectional contexts. For this purpose, we applied an intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy approach.DesignObservational prospective cohort study using record linkage of national Swedish registers.SettingThe population of Sweden.ParticipantsAll 915 954 women aged 12–30 residing in Sweden 2010, without a recent pregnancy and alive during the individual 1-year follow-up.Primary outcome measureUse of any antidepressant, meaning being dispensed at least one antidepressant (ATC: N06A) during follow-up.ResultsPreviously mentally healthy HC users had an OR of 1.79 for use of antidepressants compared with non-users, whereas this number was 1.28 for women with previous mental health issues. The highest antidepressant use were uniformly found in strata with previous mental health issues, with highest usage in women aged 24–30 with no immigrant background, low income and HC use (51.4%). The largest difference in antidepressant use between HC users and non-users was found in teenagers, and in adult women of immigrant background with low income. Of the total individual variance in the latent propensity of using antidepressant 9.01% (healthy) and 8.16% (with previous mental health issues) was found at the intersectional stratum level.ConclusionsOur study suggests teenagers and women with immigrant background and low income could be more sensitive to mood effects of HC, a heterogeneity important to consider moving forward.
Qualitative exploration of lesbian parents’ experiences of accessing healthcare for their adopted children in England
Authors: Kelsall-Knight Lucille 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of lesbian parents accessing healthcare for their adopted children in England.DesignA qualitative inductive design, using narrative inquiry with a critical incident recall interview approach. Interviews were analysed using merged tools of critical event analysis and broadening, burrowing, storying and restorying.SettingParticipants were recruited from a British lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender fostering and adoption charity.ParticipantsSix lesbian adoptive parents with experience of accessing healthcare for their adopted children in England.ResultsFollowing data analysis, five themes were identified: navigating heteronormativity, navigating healthcare settings and professionals and having an ‘adopted’ status, intersectional identity of lesbian-parented adoptive families accessing healthcare, reflective imagery of lesbian parents and adoptive families and professional expectations. Self-imposed strategies instigated by the parents to strengthen and protect their familial identities were also discovered.ConclusionsThe needs and challenges of lesbian adoptive families may be different to those of heterosexual and biological families when accessing healthcare. There was an undercurrent of discriminatory practice, shown by various healthcare professionals, and a lack of understanding of the adoption process, knowledge surrounding the child’s history and legal stance with regards to parental responsibility. Further training is needed for healthcare professionals.
Development and psychometric validation for evaluating written medicine information in Thailand: The Consumer Information Rating Form
Authors: Wongtaweepkij Kamonphat , Krska Janet , Pongwecharak Juraporn , Pongpunna Supawinee , Jarernsiripornkul Narumol 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo translate and validate the consumer information rating form (CIRF) for use in Thai populations.DesignThe development of the CIRF was carried out in two phases: translation process and cognitive interview, and psychometric testing.SettingA university hospital and a tertiary hospital in northeast Thailand.Participants150 outpatients from medicine department: 30 for phase 1 and 120 patients for phase 2 study.MethodsThe CIRF was translated with cultural adaptation into Thai using cognitive interview technique in a sample of outpatients. A larger sample of outpatients then completed the CIRF in relation to either a package insert (PI) or a patient information leaflet (PIL) for one of three medicines: atorvastatin, celecoxib and metformin. Construct validity was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) and internal consistency using Cronbach’s α coefficient. Known group validity was assessed by comparing mean consumers’ ratings for PIs and PILs.ResultsThirty participants engaged in the cognitive interview and 120 participants completed the CIRF. The PCA found the 17 items of the CIRF were extracted into three factors: comprehensibility, utility and design quality scales, mirroring the original. Cronbach’s α for the overall scale (0.904) indicated good internal consistency. Known-group validity demonstrated significant differences in consumers’ rating between PIs and PILs for almost all items (p<0.001).ConclusionThai version of CIRF had acceptable validity and reliability for Thai consumers’ ratings of written medicine information. The CIRF could be of practical use in the process of developing medicine information to ensure consumers’ comprehension and their usefulness.
Psychosocial impacts on the Christchurch Muslim community following the 15 March terrorist attacks: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Sulaiman-Hill Ruqayya C. , Porter Richard , Tanveer Sandila , Boden Joseph , Beaglehole Ben , Schluter Philip J , Dean Shaystah , Bell Caroline 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionOn 15 March 2019, a white supremacist gunman opened fire in two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, during Friday prayers, killing 51 people and injuring 40. The event was witnessed by at least 250 survivors and also live streamed on social media, leading to widespread and repeated exposure within the community. It is expected that survivors, families and community members will be at increased risk of developing mental disorders due to the scale and violence of these attacks.This protocol describes the first phase of a proposed longitudinal study to screen and assess the long-term impacts of the terrorist attack on members of the Christchurch Muslim community, to determine clinical need and facilitate access to appropriate interventions and to gain insights into working with such a traumatised, ethnically diverse population. It has been developed in close collaboration with members of that community.Methods and analysisA mixed-method design is described, combining self-report measures with a clinician-administered diagnostic interview. Participants include Christchurch Muslims aged 18 years and over, with a target sample size of n=200. Analyses will determine prevalence of major mental disorders, while regression analyses will model the relationship between pre-event features, trauma exposure and mental disorders. A small number of participants, stratified by exposure type, will also take part in a qualitative interview in English. All study information and self-report measures are provided in translations based on the ethnolinguistic composition of the group and are available in paper and online versions.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee 19/NTA/147. All participants provide informed consent, either written or online via REDCap software. Findings will be disseminated initially to the impacted community, then by publication in scientific journals, presentations and to government agencies.Trial registration numberThe study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12620000909921.