bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐CD52 antibody treatment in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induces dynamic and differential modulation of innate immune cells in peripheral immune and central nervous systems
Authors: Barbour Mark , Wood Rachel , Harte Tanith , Bushell Trevor J. , Jiang Hui‐Rong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnti‐CD52 antibody (anti‐CD52‐Ab) leads to a rapid depletion of T and B cells, followed by reconstitution of immune cells with tolerogenic characteristics. However, very little is known about its effect on innate immune cells. In this study, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice were administered murine anti‐CD52‐Ab to investigate its effect on dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages in the periphery lymphoid organs and the central nervous system (CNS). Our data show that blood and splenic innate immune cells exhibited significantly increased expression of MHC‐II and costimulatory molecules, which was associated with increased capacity of activating antigen‐specific T cells, at first day but not three weeks after five daily treatment with anti‐CD52‐Ab in comparison with controls. In contrast to the periphery, microglia and infiltrating macrophages in the CNS exhibited reduced expression levels of MHC‐II and costimulatory molecules after antibody treatment at both time‐points investigated when compared to controls. Furthermore, the transit response of peripheral innate immune cells to anti‐CD52‐Ab treatment was also observed in the lymphocyte‐deficient SCID mice, suggesting the changes are not a direct consequence of the mass depletion of lymphocytes in the periphery. Our study demonstrates a dynamic and tissue‐specific modulation of the innate immune cells in their phenotype and function following the antibody treatment. The findings of differential modulation of the microglia and infiltrating macrophages in the CNS in comparison with the innate immune cells in the peripheral organs support the CNS‐specific beneficial effect of alemtuzumab treatment on inhibiting neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis patients.
Factors associated with Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales (HoNOS) in an acute young adult psychiatric unit
Authors: Branjerdporn Grace , Robertson Julia , Dymond Alex 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transition from adolescence to adulthood is a highly vulnerable period for mental health concerns and is a key life‐stage, fundamental to later health and quality of life. Scant research has investigated the health outcomes of young adults admitted to a specialised acute psychiatric unit for this cohort. Understanding health and functional outcomes for young adults admitted to a specialised acute mental health inpatient unit is beneficial in identifying treatment effectiveness and vulnerable groups. The study examines the relationship between demographic and clinical factors with admission, discharge and change in Health of the Nation Outcomes Scale (HoNOS) scores in patients admitted to an acute young adult psychiatric unit. The HoNOS was completed at admission and discharge for patients admitted to an acute young adult psychiatric unit in Australia. Descriptive statistics, paired t‐tests, generalised estimating equations, independent samples t‐tests and correlations were completed. Patients (N = 130) were aged between 18 and 25 years old (M = 21.26 years old, SD = 2.31). Patients were diagnosed with mood disorders (21.54%), substance abuse disorders (20.00%), personality disorders (19.23%), and psychotic disorders (17.69%). HoNOS scores across all subscales improved from admission to discharge, when controlling for confounding variables. Admission, discharge and change in HoNOS scores were associated with gender, country of birth, number of admissions, mental health act, diagnosis and socioeconomic status. This study is the first to explore HoNOS scores, demographic factors and clinical variables in young adults admitted to a specialised psychiatric inpatient unit for this age group. While further research is required, the findings identifies vulnerable subgroups (e.g., individuals with personality disorders, individuals with substance use, those admitted involuntarily, those readmitted) that may benefit from increased tailored support to foster more optimal health outcomes.
From front line to battle planning: a nursing perspective of covid‐19
Authors: Dyson Jennie L. , Lamb Di 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper is to reflect upon the experiences of a senior nurse in a patient‐facing role, who led a tea providing direct care to those with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid‐19). This would establish what those experiences meant to nurses during the initial outbreak to enable their coping mechanisms to face subsequent waves in the United Kingdom.BackgroundThe worst infectious disease outbreak of a generation rapidly made its impact known to the medical profession and its support infrastructure across the globe. It imparted unprecedented challenges, not only for managing the care of the most critically ill but for minimising its spread and protecting the workforce.Sources of evidenceReflections of working on the covid‐19 frontline during the initial stages of the pandemic, the challenges faced, and lessons learned enabled the development of a strategy to better support nurses in the ongoing pandemic.DiscussionVisible, invested and consistent leadership was key in forming a strong foundation to support clear communication, peer support and increasing confidence. Consequently, strong bonds were forged to enable the team to face further challenges as they felt ‘in it together’.Summary and implications for nursing and health policyThe experiences described in this paper are those of a senior nurse leader within a particular care context. However, the lessons learned are likely to resonate with many nurses who are facing the same challenges in very similar care contexts and who are urged to reflect upon their own experiences. Furthermore, the associated lessons may help support others and inform their strategy for coping throughout potential future admission surges of this pandemic.
Combining multiple Bacillus spp. with fish protein hydrolysates mitigates root rot (Fusarium solani) and improves cucumber seedlings growth and substrate nutrients
Authors: Qi Ruixue , Lin Wei , Ma Hui , Gao Yanming , Tian Yongqiang , Li Jianshe , Zhang Xueyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
The effect of Bacillus strains combined with fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) on cucumber root rot disease, seedlings growth and substrate nutrients was investigated.

Methods and Results
We isolated three strains capable of mitigating cucumber root rot disease, XY-1 and XY-13 strains were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, and XY-53 strain as B. subtilis. In the absence of bacteria, The 200×dilution (5 ml L−1) of FPHs was the optimum concentration for improving cucumber seedlings growth. In vivo antibiosis tests showed that combined bacteria alongside FPHs inhibited the pathogen growth by 85%~90%, higher than individual bacteria. The FPHs combined either with XY-1 and XY-53 strains or with XY-13 and XY-53 strains promoted seedlings growth under infection, whereas FPHs combined with a mixture of XY-1, XY-13 and XY-53 strains showed the highest total phosphorus and organic matter content in substrate. Moreover, FPHs combined with XY-53 strain increased urease activity, while combined either with XY-13 and XY-53 strains or with XY-1, XY-13 and XY-53 strains increased sucrase activity under infection.

Conclusions
FPHs combined with B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis had great potential to suppress growth of root rot and promote cucumber seedlings and increase substrate nutrient content.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Co-inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis with addition of FPHs is a good strategy for maintaining healthy crops.
Delivering Covid‐19 research during the UK pandemic: Experiences of a local research taskforce
Authors: Gardiner Siobhan , MacLellan Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK, clinical research nurses had to work in new ways and under significant pressure to generate evidence for the developing health crisis. Research nurse support needs, personal and professional challenges have not been explored. This study addresses that gap, generating learning for continued support and development of the research nurse specialty and its ability to respond to public health priorities.DesignWe employed a qualitative exploratory approach through online open‐ended interviews to explore research nurses’ experiences of delivering research during the pandemic using principles of Grounded Theory.MethodsFifteen research nurses in the local research taskforce were identified through purposive sampling. Qualitative interviews were conducted online between November 2020 and January 2021 and analysed using the principles of constructivist grounded theory.ResultsThree themes of adapting to uncertainty, inclusive leadership and finding validity in the stretch zone were generated in the analysis.ConclusionA model of inclusive leadership and support can facilitate high‐functioning performance in a research team, supporting a rapid, confident and efficient response to research needs.ImpactResearch nurses, a previously invisible workforce, have proved critical to the pandemic response. This study explores the experiences of a team of redeployed research nurses and develops a theory of their experience as they were undertaking the rapid delivery of urgent public health studies during COVID‐19. What was found was a process of adaptation and resilience through collaborative teamwork, a strong sense of purpose and role validation enabled by an inclusive leadership style. This work will drive future development of a model of research nursing with a focus on collaboration between research and clinical colleagues.
Feasibility study protocol of the PainChek app to assess the efficacy of a social robot intervention for people with dementia
Authors: Pu Lihui , Coppieters Michel W. , Byrnes Joshua , Jones Cindy , Smalbrugge Martin , Todorovic Michael , Moyle Wendy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to test the feasibility of the PainChek app to assess pain for people with dementia living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). It will also identify the optimal dosage and efficacy of a social robot (personal assistant robot [PARO]) intervention on chronic pain for people with dementia.DesignThis is a feasibility randomized controlled trial with three groups.MethodsForty‐five residents living with dementia and chronic pain will be recruited from one RACF. The intervention consists of an individual 15‐min non‐facilitated session with a PARO robot twice a day (Group 1), a PARO robot once a day (Group 2), or a Plush‐Toy (non‐robotic PARO) once a day (Group 3) from Monday to Friday for 4 weeks. Participants will be followed at 4 and 8 weeks after baseline assessments. The primary outcome will be the feasibility of using the PainChek app to measure changes in pain levels before and after each session. Secondary outcomes include staff‐rated pain levels, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life and changes in psychotropic and analgesic medication use. Participants, staff and family perceptions of using PARO and the PainChek app will be collected after the 4‐week intervention.DiscussionThis study will test the use of the PainChek app and PARO to improve pain management for people with dementia. Results from this study will help determine its usefulness, feasibility and acceptability for pain management in people with dementia living in RACFs.ImpactAs pain is a significant problem for people with dementia, this project will generate evidence on the use of the PainChek to measure the efficacy of a social robot intervention that has the potential to improve the quality of pain care in people with dementia.Trial RegistrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number (ACTRN12621000837820) date registered 30/06/2021.
Advantages of laboratory natural selection in the applied sciences
Authors: Lewis Jordan A. , Morran Levi T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the past three decades, laboratory natural selection has become a widely used technique in biological research. Most studies which have utilized this technique are in the realm of basic science, often testing hypotheses related to mechanisms of evolutionary change or ecological dynamics. While laboratory natural selection is currently utilized heavily in this setting, there is a significant gap with its usage in applied studies, especially when compared to the other selection experiment methodologies like artificial selection and directed evolution. This is despite avenues of research in the applied sciences which seem well suited to laboratory natural selection. In this review, we place laboratory natural selection in context with other selection experiments, identify the characteristics which make it well suited for particular kinds of applied research and briefly cover key examples of the usefulness of selection experiments within applied science. Finally, we identify three promising areas of inquiry for laboratory natural selection in the applied sciences: bioremediation technology, identifying mechanisms of drug resistance and optimizing biofuel production. Although laboratory natural selection is currently less utilized in applied science when compared to basic research, the method has immense promise in the field moving forward.
Megachile rotundata (Fab.) as a potential agro‐environmental conservation strategy for alfalfa seed production in Argentina
Authors: Renzi Juan P. , Coito Carlos , Reinoso Omar , Quintana Matías , García Flavia , Cantamutto Miguel A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 1753) is one of the main forage crops of the world, and the availability of an adequate seed supply to farmers is one of the main concerns for the seed industry. The international alfalfa seed trade is widespread and several countries depend on imported seed. The continued importation of alfalfa seed carries a serious risk of unintentional introductions, such as contamination by genetically engineered (GE) alfalfa. We evaluated: (i) GE contamination in the main alfalfa seed production area of Argentina by analysing 263 conventional bulk seed lots (~900 tonnes) and feral populations (n = 49) over a 5‐year period (2016–2021); and (ii) the location of alfalfa fields near natural vegetation formations as a pollination management strategy to increase the local seed production. Although GE alfalfa seed fields are prohibited, contamination was present in commercial seed lots (5.58% to 23.25%) and in feral alfalfa populations (8.16%). We did not observe an increase in the alfalfa seed yield in fields pollinated with honey bees (HB, Apis mellifera L., 1758) or located near natural vegetation formations when compared to fields pollinated by the alfalfa leafcutting bee (ALCB, Megachile rotundata Fabricius, 1793). In this study, use of the specialized pollinator ALCB was two to four times more effective than HB in terms of seed yield. Therefore, ALCB can reduce the risks of GE contamination by increasing the alfalfa yield in Argentina, which may then lead to a decrease in imported seed containing the potential contaminants. In addition, due to its specificity and small radial action, the ALCB could also drastically limit unintentional transgene diffusion. The reduction of seed importation will decrease the risk of worse biological or transgenic introductions of contaminants into national agroecosystems. Therefore, the use of ALCB as an input becomes a priority until new management practices are developed and adopted.
The danger of the single storyline obfuscating the complexities of managing SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim , Paul Elisabeth , Van Damme Wim , Ridde Valery , Brown Garrett W. , Kalk Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChimamanda Ngozi Adichie showed how a single story is limited and thereby distorts the true nature of an issue. During this COVID‐19 pandemic there have been, at least, three consecutive single stories—the ‘lethal threat’ story, followed by the ‘economic threat’ story, and finally the ‘vaccine miracle’ story. None of these single stories can convincingly and permanently capture the dynamics of the pandemic. This is because countries experienced different morbidity and mortality patterns, different socioeconomic disadvantage, age and vulnerability of population, timing and level of lockdown with economic variability, and, despite heavy promotion, vaccines were beset with a significant and variable degree of hesitancy. Lack of transparency, coherence and consistency of pandemic management—arising from holding on to single storylines—showed the global deficiency of public health policy and planning, an underfunding of (public) health and social services, and a growing distrust in governments' ability to manage crises effectively. Indeed, the global management has increased already large inequities, and little has been learnt to address the growing crises of more infectious and potentially more lethal virus mutations. Holding onto single stories prevents the necessary learnings to understand and manage the complexities of ‘wicked’ problems, whereas listening to the many stories provides insights and pathways to do so effectively as well as efficiently.
Evaluation of the marginal excess cement and retention force of implant‐supported zirconia crowns with various vent designs under different cement application patterns
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Li Shuyuan , Li Qiang , Dong Heng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of implant‐supported zirconia crowns with various vent designs on the marginal excess cement (MEC) and retention values under different cement application patterns.Materials and MethodsCercon zirconia crowns (n = 36) were divided into the following groups: no venting (NV group), a small occlusal vent hole (SOV group), a large occlusal vent hole (LOV group), and a small palatal‐occlusal vent hole (SPV group). The cement was applied to the crowns with different methods: occlusally half axial walls (OH), cervically half axial walls (CH) and all axial walls (AA), and different amounts of cement were applied with a chosen method. The weight of the MEC was calculated, and the retention force was recorded. ANOVA was used to analyze the MEC weights and retention values.ResultsIn all vented groups, the OH application method resulted in no MEC and the least retention force, and the AA method expressed significantly less MEC (p < 0.01) than the CH method without retention force reduction. At each amount of cement (5, 10, 20, 30 mg), all three venting designs significantly reduced the MEC by the AA method, and the mean MEC of the LOV group was lower than that of any other group.ConclusionsApplying a thin layer of cement evenly to all axial walls of vented zirconia crowns showed excellent clinical effects regarding the MEC and the retention force.Clinical significanceResidual excess cement was identified as a possible risk indicator for peri‐implant diseases. Simply and effectively minimizing marginal extrusions without reducing the retention force has clinical value. The results of this study indicate that applying a thin layer of cement evenly to all axial walls of vented zirconia crowns is an acceptable method.
Finite element simulation of mechanical properties of Rosa roxburghii under compression loading
Authors: Lang Yancheng , Xie Zhiping , Chen Luqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is very necessary to understand the mechanical properties of Rosa roxburghii fruit for harvesting, packaging, processing, transportation, storage, and related equipment design and improvement. This research was to determine the mechanical properties of R. roxburghii fruits through compressive experiments and finite element simulations and to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. In order to achieve finite element analysis, an accurate three‐dimensional (3D) geometric model was reconstructed by applying 3D laser technology and point cloud reconstruction algorithm. The elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of R. roxburghii fruits were determined to be 4.0 MPa and 0.35 through experiments. The finite element simulation results provided valuable numerical data and visualized stress distribution. The simulation results showed that R. roxburghii fruits were damaged under the loads of 156.2 N (vertical) or 148.3 N (horizontal), with a maximum deformation of 5.0 mm (vertical) or 6.93 mm (horizontal), respectively. In the vertical and horizontal compression positions, the maximum relative errors between the experimental results and the finite element model are 24.71 and 13.99%, respectively. The results of the compressive strain energy of the fruit showed that the maximum relative error between the experimentally measured strain energy and the strain energy calculated by FEM simulation was 9.20 and 2.09% in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.Practical ApplicationsAs there is no relevant literature on the mechanical analysis of Rosa roxburghii fruit, the finite element method has been successfully applied to analyze the mechanical properties of R. roxburghii fruit under compressive load. At the same time, the simulation results have also been verified by experimental data, and the finite element technology has certain application prospects in food processing engineering. This study proposes a method based on 3D scanning technology and point cloud reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct an accurate geometric model of R. roxburghii fruit for finite element simulation, and conducts an in‐depth analysis on the stress, strain, and strain energy of the fruit. The purpose of this article is to propose a reliable method to predict the mechanical properties of the fruits under compressive load. The finite element simulation results can not only provide the basic data needed for fruit packaging and protection but also can be used for the design of automated fruit picking manipulators and the improvement of fruit processing equipment.
Delineation of flood‐prone areas in cliffed coastal regions through a procedure based on the geomorphic flood index
Authors: Albertini Cinzia , Miglino Domenico , Iacobellis Vito , De Paola Francesco , Manfreda Salvatore 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe geomorphic flood index (GFI) method provides a good representation of flood‐prone areas. However, the method does not account for floodwater transfers in undefined interbasins (UIBs), which represent intercluded small basins along the coastline likely to be flooded by adjacent major rivers. The present work addresses this shortcoming by complementing the GFI approach with an iterative procedure that considers UIBs and water transfers between basins. The methodology was tested on a coastal basin in southern Italy and the outcome was compared with a flood map obtained by a two‐dimensional hydraulic simulation. GFI performance as a morphological descriptor improved from 74% (standard method) to 94% with the addition of the iterative procedure. The proposed methodology, with the same parameterization, was applied on a second adjacent coastal basin obtaining improvements both in terms of true positive (from 56 to 79%) and false negative rates (from 44 to 21%). Finally, a sensitivity analysis to the flood return periods highlighted a strong influence on model parameterization for return periods below 20 years. This achievement represents a new development in the application of the GFI method, which can help stakeholders in a more time‐ and cost‐effective flood risk management in hazard‐prone areas.