bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What support do frontline workers want? A qualitative study of health and social care workers’ experiences and views of psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Billings Jo , Abou Seif Nada , Hegarty Siobhan , Ondruskova Tamara , Soulios Emilia , Bloomfield Michael , Greene Talya 
Published: September 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on the mental health and wellbeing of frontline health and social care workers. The need to support frontline staff has been recognised. However, there is to date little research specifically on how best to support the mental health needs of frontline workers, and none on their own experiences and views about what might be most helpful.

Aims
We set out to redress this research gap by qualitatively exploring UK frontline health and social care workers’ own experiences and views of psychosocial support during the pandemic.

Method
Frontline health and social care workers were recruited purposively through social media and by snowball sampling via healthcare colleagues. Workers who volunteered to take part in the study were interviewed remotely following a semi-structured interview guide. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed by the research team following the principles of Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

Results
We conducted 25 interviews with frontline workers from a variety of professional groups working in health and social care settings across the UK. Themes derived from our analysis showed that workers’ experiences and views about psychosocial support were complex. Peer support was many workers’ first line of support but could also be experienced as a burden. Workers were ambivalent about support shown by organisations, media and the public. Whilst workers valued psychological support services, there were many disparities in provision and barriers to access.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that frontline health and social care workers are likely to need a flexible system of support including peer, organisational and professional support. More research is needed to fully unpack the structural, systemic and individual barriers to accessing psychosocial support. Greater collaboration, consultation and co-production of support services and their evaluation is warranted.
Human placental perfusion measured using dynamic contrast enhancement MRI
Authors: Deloison Benjamin , Arthuis Chloé , Benchimol Gabriel , Balvay Daniel , Bussieres Laurence , Millischer Anne-Elodie , Grévent David , Butor Cécile , Chalouhi Gihad , Mahallati Houman , Hélénon Olivier , Tavitian Bertrand , Clement Olivier , Ville Yves , Siauve Nathalie , Salomon Laurent Julien 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) and measure values of in vivo placental perfusion in women.

Methods
This study was part of the Placentimage trial (NCT01092949). Gadolinium-chelate (Gd) enhanced dynamic MRI was performed two days before termination of pregnancies at 16 to 34 weeks gestational age (GA). Quantitative analysis was performed using one-compartment intravascular modeling. DCE perfusion parameters were analyzed across GA and were compared in IUGR and AGA fetuses.

Results
134 patients were enrolled. After quality control check, 62 DCE MRI were analyzed including 48 and 14 pregnancies with normal and abnormal karyotypes, respectively. Mean placental blood flow was 129±61 mL/min/100ml in cases with normal karyotypes. Fetuses affected by IUGR (n = 13) showed significantly lower total placental blood flow values than AGA fetuses (n = 35) (F total = 122±88 mL/min versus 259±34 mL/min, p = 0.002). DCE perfusion parameters showed a linear correlation with GA.

Conclusions
Measuring placental perfusion in vivo is possible using DCE MRI. Although this study has many limitations it gives us the first DCE MRI values that provide a potential standard for future research into placental perfusion methods and suggests that placental functional parameters are altered in IUGR pregnancies.
Consequences of using chronological age versus corrected age when testing cognitive and motor development in infancy and intelligence quotient at school age for children born preterm
Authors: Gould Jacqueline F. , Fuss Belinda G. , Roberts Rachel M. , Collins Carmel T. , Makrides Maria 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundChildren born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation) have an increased risk of poor neurodevelopment, including lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores compared with their term-born counterparts.ObjectiveTo explore the differences in psychometric scores for cognition and motor skills when they are age-standardized according to chronological age instead of corrected age for children born preterm.MethodsWe assessed = 554 children born <33 weeks’ gestation with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2ndedition (mental and motor scores) at 18 months and the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (IQ score) at seven years of age. Scores were standardized according to chronological age and corrected age and differences between mean chronological and corrected scores were compared, along with the proportion of children whose scores could be classified as impaired.ResultsWhen scores were standardized according to chronological age instead of corrected age there was a large significant difference of 17.3 points on the mental scale (79.5 vs. 96.8, respectively) and 11.8 points on the motor scale (84.8 vs. 96.6, respectively) at 18 months. By seven years, the difference in IQ scores remained, although of a smaller magnitude at 1.9 points between mean chronological and corrected age scoring (97.2 vs. 99.1, respectively).ConclusionConsistent with previous literature, outcome assessments for preterm infants consistently differed according to use of chronological or corrected age to standardized scores. Cognitive scores were impacted more severely than motor scores, and differences were more substantial in early childhood than later in childhood. For clinical purposes, correction for preterm birth is only likely to have an impact during early childhood, however assessments for research purposes should continue to correct into childhood to account for the persistent bias due to preterm birth.
Prognostic value of postoperative decrease in serum albumin on surgically resected early-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kinoshita Fumihiko , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Yamashita Takanori , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Matsubara Taichi , Toyokawa Gouji , Takada Kazuki , Oba Taro , Osoegawa Atsushi , Yamazaki Koji , Takenoyama Mitsuhiro , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Nakashima Naoki , Mori Masaki 
Published: September 2021

Background
Preoperative nutritional status is an important host-related prognostic factor for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); however, the significance of postoperative changes in nutritional status remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the significance of postoperative decreases in serum albumin (ΔAlb) on the outcomes of early-stage NSCLC.

Methods
We analyzed 443 training cohort (TC) and 642 validation cohort (VC) patients with pStage IA NSCLC who underwent surgery and did not recur within 1 year. We measured preoperative serum albumin levels (preAlb) and postoperative levels 1 year after surgery (postAlb), and calculated ΔAlb as (preAlb − postAlb)/preAlb × 100%. A cutoff value of 11% for ΔAlb was defined on the basis of the receiver operating characteristic curve for the TC.

Results
Patients were divided into ΔAlb-Decreased and ΔAlb-Stable groups, including 100 (22.6%) and 343 (77.4%) in the TC, and 58 (9.0%) and 584 (90.1%) in the VC. ΔAlb-Decreased was associated with male sex (p = 0.0490), smoking (p = 0.0156), and non-adenocarcinoma (p<0.0001) in the TC, and pT1b (p = 0.0169) and non-adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0251) in the VC. Multivariable analysis identified ΔAlb as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in both cohorts (VC: DFS, HR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.10–3.15, p = 0.0197; OS, HR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.13–3.45, p = 0.0173). Moreover, subgroup analysis demonstrated that the prognostic value of ΔAlb was consistent for age, sex, smoking history, surgical procedure, and histological type.

Conclusion
We demonstrated a negative impact of postoperative decrease of the serum albumin on the prognosis of patients with early-stage NSCLC. Postoperative changes in nutritional status might be important in NSCLC outcomes.
Machine learning model for predicting the optimal depth of tracheal tube insertion in pediatric patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shim Jae-Geum , Ryu Kyoung-Ho , Lee Sung Hyun , Cho Eun-Ah , Lee Sungho , Ahn Jin Hee 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo construct a prediction model for optimal tracheal tube depth in pediatric patients using machine learning.MethodsPediatric patients aged <7 years who received post-operative ventilation after undergoing surgery between January 2015 and December 2018 were investigated in this retrospective study. The optimal location of the tracheal tube was defined as the median of the distance between the upper margin of the first thoracic(T1) vertebral body and the lower margin of the third thoracic(T3) vertebral body. We applied four machine learning models: random forest, elastic net, support vector machine, and artificial neural network and compared their prediction accuracy to three formula-based methods, which were based on age, height, and tracheal tube internal diameter(ID).ResultsFor each method, the percentage with optimal tracheal tube depth predictions in the test set was calculated as follows: 79.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.5 to 83.6) for random forest, 77.4 (95% CI, 71.8 to 82.2;P = 0.719) for elastic net, 77.0 (95% CI, 71.4 to 81.8;P = 0.486) for support vector machine, 76.6 (95% CI, 71.0 to 81.5;P = 1.0) for artificial neural network, 66.9 (95% CI, 60.9 to 72.5;P < 0.001) for the age-based formula, 58.5 (95% CI, 52.3 to 64.4; P< 0.001) for the tube ID-based formula, and 44.4 (95% CI, 38.3 to 50.6;P < 0.001) for the height-based formula.ConclusionsIn this study, the machine learning models predicted the optimal tracheal tube tip location for pediatric patients more accurately than the formula-based methods. Machine learning models using biometric variables may help clinicians make decisions regarding optimal tracheal tube depth in pediatric patients.
Impact of essential oils on the development of pathogens of theFusariumgenus and germination parameters of selected crops
Authors: Grzanka Monika , Sobiech Łukasz , Danielewicz Jakub , Horoszkiewicz-Janka Joanna , Skrzypczak Grzegorz , Sawinska Zuzanna , Radzikowska Dominika , Świtek Stanisław 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFungal pathogens can significantly reduce the potential yield of agricultural crops, especially cereals. One of the most dangerous are pathogens of theFusariumgenus. They contribute to the infestation of plants, reduction of yields, and contamination of agricultural crops with mycotoxins, which are harmful to human beings and animal health. The absence of active substances, the problem of pathogen resistance to fungicides, and the pressure of society to limit the use of chemical plant protection products are the most important issues in agriculture. This has resulted in research aimed at finding natural methods to control plant pathogens gaining importance. One of them is the use of essential oils. In laboratory experiments, clove essential oil and pine essential oil were used. The influence of different concentrations of the above-mentioned substances on the development of the mycelium ofFusariumspecies (F.equiseti,F.poae,F.culmorum, andF.avenaceum) was analyzed and the germination of wheat and maize seeds infected with the pathogens of the genusFusariumwas assessed. Clove oil significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of theFusariumspecies and reduced germination parameters than pine oil.
Patterns of semantic variation differ across body parts: evidence from the Japonic languages
Authors: Huisman John L. A. , van Hout Roeland , Majid Asifa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe human body is central to myriad metaphors, so studying the conceptualisation of the body itself is critical if we are to understand its broader use. One essential but understudied issue is whether languages differ in which body parts they single out for naming. This paper takes a multi-method approach to investigate body part nomenclature within a single language family. Using both a naming task (Study 1) and colouring-in task (Study 2) to collect data from six Japonic languages, we found that lexical similarity for body part terminology was notably differentiated within Japonic, and similar variation was evident in semantics too. Novel application of cluster analysis on naming data revealed a relatively flat hierarchical structure for parts of the face, whereas parts of the body were organised with deeper hierarchical structure. The colouring data revealed that bounded parts show more stability across languages than unbounded parts. Overall, the data reveal there is not a single universal conceptualisation of the body as is often assumed, and that in-depth, multi-method explorations of under-studied languages are urgently required.
Humor styles influence the perception of depression-related internet memes in depression
Authors: Gardner Kathryn J , Jabs Nicola-Maria , Drabble Jennifer , Akram Umair 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Previous research highlights the potential benefits of engaging with depressive Internet memes for those experiencing symptoms of depression, a phenomenon that can be explained by the humorous interpretation of depressive stimuli and perceived social support through symptom normalization. We examined whether individuals experiencing depressive symptoms would differ from controls in their interpretation of Internet memes related to depression, whilst incorporating the mediating role of humor style. N=78 individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms (≥24 on CES-D) and 67 controls (≤23) rated the emotional valance, humor, relatability, shareability, and mood-improving potential of 32 depressive and control memes (depicting neutral/positive social commentaries). Measures of depression and humor style were also completed. Perceived humor, relatability, shareability and mood-improving potential of depressive, but not control, memes were greater amongst individuals displaying depressive symptoms. However, differential ratings of humor, shareability and relatability were mediated by the extent of ones self-defeating humor style. These outcomes further evidence benefits of interacting with depression-related Internet memes for those with depression.
Investigation of quality of life in obese adolescents: the effect of psychiatric symptoms of obese adolescent and/or mother on quality of life
Authors: Işık Ümit , Bağcı Büşra , Kılıç Faruk , Aktepe Evrim , Pirgon Mustafa Özgür 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The present study assessed the obese adolescents’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on both adolescent-reported and maternal-reported questionnaires to clarify adolescent-related psychiatric factors, maternal psychiatric factors, and body mass index (BMI) percentile variables that independently affect the quality of life (QoL).

Methods
A total of 190 adolescents (120 females and 70 males) were included in the study. The impact of clinical and psychiatric factors on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Child Version (PedsQL-C) scores was analyzed using hierarchical linear regression methods.

Results
The final models showed that only the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version major depressive disorder scores negatively predicted the physical, psychosocial, and total health scores of the PedsQL-C. The psychosocial scores of the PedsQL-P were negatively predicted by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional, and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised-Short Form (CPRS-R-S) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index scores. The PedsQL-P total scores were negatively predicted by the CPRS-R-S ADHD index scores.

Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that the adolescents’ psychiatric symptoms and BMI percentile played a significant role in the PedsQL subscale functioning of obese adolescents compared to maternal psychiatric symptoms.
Defining Fake News
Authors: Anderau Glenn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fake news is a worrying phenomenon which is growing increasingly widespread, partly because of the ease with which it is disseminated online. Combating the spread of fake news requires a clear understanding of the nature of fake news. However, the use of the term in everyday language is heterogenous and has no fixed meaning. Despite increasing philosophical attention to the topic, there is no consensus on the correct definition of “fake news” within philosophy either. This paper aims to bring clarity to the philosophical debate of fake news in two ways: Firstly, by providing an overview of existing philosophical definitions and secondly, by developing a new account of fake news. This paper will identify where there is agreement within the philosophical debate of definitions of “fake news” and isolate four key questions on which there is genuine disagreement. These concern the intentionality underlying fake news, its truth value, the question of whether fake news needs to reach a minimum audience, and the question of whether an account of fake news needs to be dynamic. By answering these four questions, I provide a novel account of defining “fake news”. This new definition hinges upon the fact that fake news has the function of being deliberately misleading about its own status as news.
Finite groups with 4p
2
q elements of maximal order
Authors: Tan Sanbiao , Chen Guiyun , Yan Yanxiong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is an interesting and difficult topic to determine the structure of a finite group by the number of elements of maximal order. This topic is related to Thompson’s conjecture, that is, if two finite groups have the same order type and one of them is solvable, then the other is solvable. In this article, we continue this work and prove that if

G

G

is a finite group which has

4

p

2

q

4{p}^{2}q

elements of maximal order, where

p

p

,

q

q

are primes and

7
≤
p
≤
q

7\le p\le q

, then either

G

G

is solvable or

G

G

has a section who is isomorphic to one of

L

2

(

7

)

{L}_{2}\left(7)

,

L

2

(

8

)

{L}_{2}\left(8)

or

U

3

(

3

)

{U}_{3}\left(3)

.
Clinical factors predicting ureteral stent failure in patients with external ureteral compression
Authors: Wu Kuan Ju , Chen Yi Zhong , Chen Marcelo , Chen Yu-Hsin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Double-J stent (DJ) placement is usually the treatment of choice for relieving external compression of the ureter. However, in some cases DJ function may become impaired and a percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) may be required. Previous studies have reported different predictive factors for choosing PCN or DJ insertion as the initial treatment. In this study, we analyzed the risk factors for DJ failure in patients with external ureteral compression. Our results showed that the patients with moderate and severe hydronephrosis (p-value = 0.0171 and 0.0249, respectively), preexisting pyuria (p-value = 0.0128), or lower ureter obstruction (p-value = 0.0305) were more prone to DJ laterality. Age was also an important predictor. Urologists should pay more attention to these patients and consider PCN as the initial treatment.
Approximate noise maps as instrument for evaluation of the city environment quality
Authors: Ziv Alexander , Solov’eva Elena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses noise mapping from the prospective of general evaluation of the state of the city environment. Suggested is a noise evaluation procedure based on a two-step spatial discretization - coarse and fine grids. The coarse grid is used for evaluation of average noise levels (background noise). For this, rather simple method is proposed, where average noise levels are estimated directly for the whole coarse grid cells instead of averaging the noise levels computed point-wise. The fine grid is used for finding the obstacle density to apply in calculations over the coarse grid. It may be used also for additional noise levels detailing in the close vicinity of noise sources where noise propagation is strongly affected by surrounding structures. The detailed results allow correction of the averages over the coarse grid. In comparison with other approaches, the suggested procedure takes little computing time to execute for the entire city. Test example shows reasonable agreement with results computed using the ‘Ecolog-Noise’ software package that has gained popularity in Russian Federation since its introduction in 2008. Another example describes the application of the proposed method for a moderate size densely built city.
Bundling and Consumer Churn in Telecommunications Markets
Authors: Grzybowski Lukasz , Liang Julienne , Zulehner Christine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze how fixed-mobile (quadruple-play) bundling impacts the decision of consumers to churn telecommunications services. We use a database from an European operator of fixed and mobile telecommunications services which includes information about 9.6 million fixed broadband subscribers and 14.2 million mobile subscribers between March 2014 and February 2015. These data is combined with socio-demographic characteristics from each municipality in this country. We find that consumers who bundle fixed and mobile services from the same provider are less likely to churn. Without fixed-mobile bundling the annual churn of fixed broadband consumers would increase from 8.4 to 9.2%. Furthermore, the consumer churn in the mobile market would increase from 11.5 to 13.1%. We conclude that in the current competitive environment in the country considered, bundling has a moderate impact on consumer retention on both fixed and mobile networks.
Los orígenes de la presencia diplomática venezolana en China: El Consulado General en Shanghai (1936–1938)
Authors: Medina Norbert Molina 
Published: September 2021

Resumen
A finales de agosto de 1941, fue designado Li Dijun (李迪俊) como el primer Enviado Extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciario de China en Venezuela. Li, arribó a Caracas a inicios de 1943 y presentó formalmente sus Cartas Credenciales al presidente Isaías Medina Angarita (1941–1945) el 13 de abril. Asimismo, instaló la Legación de China en la capital del país caribeño, quedando formalizadas de esta manera las relaciones binacionales. Ahora bien, previo a este importante hecho histórico, existe un antecedente no menos trascendente que obedece a la creación de una efímera sede consular venezolana en la ciudad de Shanghai en 1936, para la cual fue designado como Cónsul General, el 22 de julio, el poeta y escritor José Miguel Ferrer. En tal sentido, nuestro objetivo es, a través del método histórico-documental, analizar los orígenes de la presencia diplomática venezolana en China, a través de lo que fue la referida sede consular entre 1936 y 1938.
Marital Agreements in Vietnam from 1858 until Now
Authors: Linh NGUYỄN THỊ MỸ 
Published: September 2021

The institution of prenuptial agreement is a founder of contractual matrimonial property regime. The possibility of concluding a marriage contract contributes to ensuring the equal rights of the spouses, as they are free to agree on their pre-marital property. Recognizing the necessity of the contractual freedom in family law, the 2014 Act on Marriage and Family of Vietnam allows couples to choose between the statutory property regime and the agreed property regime. This article presents the history of the institution of marriage agreement in Vietnam, also with regard to the development of law in European countries.