bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mediation Model: How Non-Moderate Nonhuman Animal Advocacy Organizations Get the Media Coverage They Want
Authors: Evans Erin M. , Amenta Edwin , Elliott Thomas Alan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the 1970s and 1980s, there was a marked increase in non-moderate, or “radical,” non-human animal advocacy organizations. Social movement scholars argued that these organizations have greater difficulty than “moderate” ones in receiving substantial news coverage. But forms of substantive news coverage have increased for both moderate and non-moderate animal advocacy organizations. To address this, media analyses were conducted using content coding of The New York Times articles from 1946–2011. Logistic regression and qualitative, comparative analyses examined the conditions under which both moderate and non-moderate organizations had their demands in news coverage. Aligned with an augmented political mediation model, the findings indicated that non-moderate organizations are more likely to get substantive coverage when they target non-governmental entities on a local level through “assertive collective action.” The conclusion was that non-human animal advocacy organizations that have radical goals or tactics do not compromise the quality of media coverage in the long-term.
Afrasia at War
Authors: Schulze-Engler Frank 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Memories of global wars are often anything but global: counterfactual notions of a “white man’s war” continue to present a one-sided account of World War II centred on Europe and North America that sidelines the contributions and sacrifices of millions of soldiers from all over the world and negates their manifold agendas and forms of agency. This is particularly true of the “Afrasian” war experiences of tens of thousands of African soldiers who fought in Asia which are the subject of Biyi Bandele’s novel Burma Boy. The following essay highlights how Bandele’s text counteracts Eurocentric accounts of World War II, explores the complex motivations of African soldiers and their equally complex encounters with Asians in Burma, and draws on transregional imaginaries to produce a challenging non-heroic account of “Afrasia at war.”
Civil Liability for Sex Abuse by Muslim Clergy in Spain
Authors: Zambrana-Tévar Nicolás 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
State courts of civil law and common law jurisdictions alike are used to applying the rules of direct and indirect tort liability to Christian churches in different ways and with different results. But recent court decisions have put the issue of the civil liability of religious groups for acts of sex abuse by clergy in a different context, that of Islam. A common denominator in the reasoning of courts worldwide is the relevance of religious authority – authority to appoint and supervise clergy or authority vested in clergy – as an important factor in the attribution of civil liability. But Islam is a religion whose organizational structure and ministers are simply too different from those of the various Christian churches, so that state courts run the risk of wrongly applying to Islamic communities and Muslim entities the same categories and legal principles they usually apply in other, more common, cases of sex abuse.
Toward Theoretical Liberation: Challenging the Intellectual Imperialism of the Western Race Paradigm
Authors: Clelland Donald A. , Dunaway Wilma A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We hope to encourage the development of decentered, decolonized, ground-breaking theory about ethnic and racial exploitation in the 21st century world-system. To accomplish that, we contend that academics and activists need to liberate themselves from the historical and ideological confines of the western race paradigm. Consequently, we have shaped this essay around that goal. In Section 2, we explore the dangers of universalizing the western race paradigm to the entire world. Section 3 investigates 21st century trends that challenge the western race paradigm, with particular focus on the significance of semiperipheries, transnational capitalist classes and nonwestern states. In Section 4, we argue that western race theory dominates scholarship globally through strategies of intellectual imperialism that need to be acknowledged, dismantled and overcome. In the Conclusion, we offer strategies for decentering and decolonizing knowledge production.
Sensitivity of Surface Currents to Bathymetry in a Partially Mixed Estuary with Applications to Inverse Modeling
Authors: Ardağ Dorukhan , Wilson Gregory 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An inversion technique was tested for estimating bathymetry from observations of surface currents in a partially mixed estuary, the mouth of the Columbia River (MCR). The methodology uses an iterative ensemble-based assimilation scheme, which is found to have good skill for recovering bathymetry from observations distributed in space and time. However, the inversion skill is highly dependent on the tidal phase, location of the observations, and flow-dependent estuary dynamics. Inversion skill was found to degrade during periods of higher river discharge (up to ∼12 000 m3), or low tidal amplitude, while inversion of depth-averaged velocities instead of surface velocities caused increased skill throughout the domain. These results point to dynamical limits on inversion skill, caused by changes in estuary dynamics that affect the sensitivity of surface velocities to bathymetry. An adjoint sensitivity analysis is used to visualize these effects and is combined with data-denial experiments to explore the flow-dependent inversion skill.
Serum folate levels in children on long-term anti-seizure medication in a Nigerian tertiary center—Implications for practice and public health
Authors: Bisi-Onyemaechi Adaobi I , Chikani Ugo N , Uwaezuoke Ndubuisi A , Aronu Ann E , Ojinnaka Ngozi C 
Published: November 2021

Background: Epilepsy is the most common childhood neurological disorder in Nigeria. Treatment of epilepsy is long-term and sometimes lifelong with anti-seizure medications. There are conflicting reports on the effect of anti-seizure medications on serum folate. There is therefore a need to determine the effect of a commonly used anti-seizure medication's on serum folate levels of children. This would provide an evidence-based consideration for folic acid supplementation in children on anti-seizure medication as has been suggested by some studies. Study objectives: To determine whether serum folate levels were lower in children taking long-term carbamazepine or sodium valproate, compared to a control group. Methods: Serum folic acid levels were measured from well-nourished children between the ages of 1–17 years on carbamazepine and sodium valproate monotherapy and their age/sex-matched controls, using spectrophotometry. Results: The mean serum folate levels of patients on carbamazepine (43) and sodium valproate (22) were 0.032 mg/l ± 0.009 and 0.028 mg/l  ±  0.008, respectively. The mean folate levels of the controls were 0.046 mg/l  ±  0.03 ( p = 0 001). No statistically significant difference was observed between the serum folate levels of children on the two anti-seizure medications, that is, carbamazepine and valproate. Conclusion: The children on treatment with carbamazepine and sodium valproate for more than 6 months had statistically significantly lower serum levels of folic acid compared to the standard reference range and controls. The serum folate levels of children on carbamazepine were not statistically different from those on sodium valproate.
Effects of acellular dermal matrix on the prevention of complications and esthetic outcome after parotidectomy: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Wu Jian-Hui , Zeng Wei , Fu Min-Yi , Ye Fei 
Published: November 2021

Objective The present study was designed to investigate whether acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts could prevent Frey’s syndrome (FS) and improve esthetic scores following parotidectomy. Methods From January 2015 to December 2019, 175 patients underwent parotidectomy. We divided the patients into two groups: the ADM group and the control group. We included in each group 30 patients according to a propensity score matched analysis. Results FS was subjective in 1 patient (3%) from the ADM group and 9 patients (30%) from the control group ( P=0.015). Patients in the ADM group had a subjective esthetic score of 6.1 + 1.7 compared with 5.2 + 1.7 in the control group. The subjective esthetic score for patients in the ADM group was higher than that for patients in the control group ( P =0.040). Conclusion The present clinical study suggests that ADM grafts are effective in preventing FS and improving esthetic scores after parotidectomy.
Reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) in individuals with a recently acquired spinal cord injury
Authors: Kuiper Heleen , van Leeuwen Christel M.C. , Stolwijk-Swüste Janneke M. , Post Marcel W.M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and possible subscales, and to interpret Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total scores, in individuals with a spinal cord injury. Design Cross-sectional Setting Seven Dutch rehabilitation centres Subjects Individuals with a recently acquired traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury at the start of inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation (N = 270). Main measure The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) consists of eight items on an individual's cognitive and emotional representation of one's health conditions. Principal component analysis was performed to identify possible Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) subscales. Validity was assessed by testing hypotheses on correlations between the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and other measures. Cut-off points of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined. Results Mean (SD) age of participants was 60.1 (16.5) years, 188 (71%) were male, and 119 (44%) had tetraplegia. Three potential subscales were revealed. Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for only one subscale. This subscale was named ‘consequences’ and included the items ‘consequences’, ‘symptom burden’, ‘concern’, and ‘emotions’. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and the consequence subscale showed the expected strong correlations (>.50) with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Mean (SD) scores were 40.9 (12.3) on the 8-item Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) (range 0–80) and 25.1 (8.1) on the consequences subscale (range 0–40). Cut-off points for the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined as follows: <42 indicating low experienced threat, 42–49 indicating moderate experienced threat, and ≥50 indicating high experienced threat. Conclusion The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and consequences subscale seem applicable in individuals with a spinal cord injury in the rehabilitation practice and research.
Smooth muscle ATP-sensitive potassium channels mediate migraine-relevant hypersensitivity in mouse models
Authors: Christensen Sarah L , Rasmussen Rikke H , Cour Sanne La , Ernstsen Charlotte , Hansen Thomas F , Kogelman Lisette JA , Lauritzen Sabrina P , Guzaite Gintare , Styrishave Bjarne , Janfelt Christian , Christensen Søren T , Aziz Qadeer , Tinker Andrew , Jansen-Olesen Inger , Olesen Jes , Kristensen David M 
Published: November 2021

Background Opening of KATP channels by systemic levcromakalim treatment triggers attacks in migraine patients and hypersensitivity to von Frey stimulation in a mouse model. Blocking of these channels is effective in several preclinical migraine models. It is unknown in what tissue and cell type KATP-induced migraine attacks are initiated and which KATP channel subtype is targeted. Methods In mouse models, we administered levcromakalim intracerebroventricularly, intraperitoneally and intraplantarily and compared the nociceptive responses by von Frey and hotplate tests. Mice with a conditional loss-of-function mutation in the smooth muscle KATP channel subunit Kir6.1 were given levcromakalim and GTN and examined with von Frey filaments. Arteries were tested for their ability to dilate ex vivo. mRNA expression, western blotting and immunohistochemical stainings were made to identify relevant target tissue for migraine induced by KATP channel opening. Results Systemic administration of levcromakalim induced hypersensitivity but central and local administration provided antinociception respectively no effect. The Kir6.1 smooth muscle knockout mouse was protected from both GTN and levcromakalim induced hypersensitivity, and their arteries had impaired dilatory response to the latter. mRNA and protein expression studies showed that trigeminal ganglia did not have significant KATP channel expression of any subtype, whereas brain arteries and dura mater primarily expressed the Kir6.1 + SUR2B subtype. Conclusion Hypersensitivity provoked by GTN and levcromakalim in mice is dependent on functional smooth muscle KATP channels of extracerebral origin. These results suggest a vascular contribution to hypersensitivity induced by migraine triggers.
Functional metagenomic profile of the lacrimal sac microbial communities in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: The Lacriome paper 2
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To study the functional metagenomic profile of the microbes isolated from the lacrimal sac of patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods A prospective study was performed on 10 consecutive lacrimal sac samples obtained for the metagenomic analysis from patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction ( who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy at a tertiary care Dacryology service. The samples were collected intraoperatively soon after a full-length lacrimal sac marsupialization and immediately transported on ice to the laboratory. Following DNA extraction and library preparation, a whole shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed on the Illumina NOVASEQ 6000TM platform. The downstream processing and bioinformatics of the samples were performed using multiple software packaged in SqueezeMetaTM pipeline and functional analysis using the MG-RASTTM pipeline. Results The microbial gene mapping and protein prediction demonstrated proteins with known functions to range from 66.41% to 84.03% across the samples. The functional category distribution of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ortholog (level 1 data) showed metabolism to be the most commonly involved function followed by environmental information processes, genetic information processes and cellular processes. The functional subsystem profiling demonstrated genes associated with carbohydrate, protein and RNA metabolism, Amino acids and their derivatives, cofactors and prosthetic groups and factors involved in cell structure regulation and cell cycle control. Conclusion This is the first functional metagenomic profile of the lacrimal sac microbiota from patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Functional analysis has provided newer insights into the ecosystem dynamics and strategies of microbial communities inhabiting the lacrimal sac. Further Lacriome studies may provide clues for better understanding of the disease etiopathogenesis.
Bacillary layer detachment on optical coherence tomography in exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Reddy Nikitha G , Agrawal Sameeksha , Pereira Arpitha , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Chhablani Jay 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To report the bacillary layer detachment on optical coherence tomography in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods Retrospective, observational cases Case descriptions Two cases of exudative age-related macular degeneration, one diagnosed as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy following exudative age-related macular degeneration and other as wet age-related macular degeneration with choroidal neovascular membrane showed separation of myoid and ellipsoid zones of photoreceptor layer on optical coherence tomography. This is termed as BALAD. Other associated features noted were the presence of subretinal hyperreflective material, submacular hemorrhage and subretinal fluid. Both cases were treated with monthly intravitreal injections of Inj. Ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 ml). Following 3 intravitreal injections at monthly intervals, reattachment of the bacillary layer detachment were noted in case 1 while the bacillary layer detachment persisted in case 2. Conclusion Multimodal imaging using optical coherence tomography in these cases revealed the separation of the bacillary layer following exudative age-related macular degeneration; a finding which is not routinely described in literature.
Mapping the movement for climate change and health in England: a descriptive review and theory of change analysis
Authors: Issa R , Baker C , Spooner R , Abrams R , Gopfert A , Evans M , Aitchison G 
Published: November 2021

Aims: There are a growing number of organisations working to address the connections between climate change and health. This article introduces the concept of ‘theories of change’ – the methodology by which organisations or movements hope to bring about social change – and applies it to the current climate change and health movement in England. Through movement mapping, the article describes and offers reflections on the climate change and health ecosystems in England. Methods: Organisations working on climate change and health in England were identified and publicly available information was collated to map movement characteristics, target stakeholders and methodologies deployed, using an inductive, iterative approach. Results: A total of 98 organisations working on health and climate change (and/or sustainability) were initially identified, of which 70 met the inclusion criteria. Most organisations target two or more stakeholders, with healthcare workers, management structures, and government being most commonly cited. Methodological approaches identified include Formal education programmes; Awareness-raising; Purchasing-procurement power; Advocacy; Financial; Media-messaging; Networking; Knowledge generation; and Policy making, of which education, awareness-raising, and advocacy are most commonly used. Conclusion: There is a tendency for climate change and health organisations in England to focus on individual level and sectoral change over system change. More could be made of the potential for the healthcare professions’ voice and messaging for the wider climate movement. Given the rapid boom of climate change and health organisations in recent years, a mind-set shift that recognises different players as part of a cohesive ecosystem with better coordination and collaboration may reduce unnecessary work, and facilitate more cohesive outcomes.
Stress shielding following stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Aibinder William R , Uddin Fares , Bicknell Ryan T , Krupp Ryan , Scheibel Markus , Athwal George S 
Published: November 2021

Background Finite element analysis has suggested that stemless implants may theoretically decrease stress shielding. The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic proximal humeral bone adaptations seen following stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective review of 152 prospectively followed stemless total shoulder arthroplasty utilizing a single implant design was performed. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were reviewed at standard time points. Stress shielding was graded as mild, moderate, and severe. The effect of stress shielding on clinical and functional outcomes was assessed. Also, the influence of subscapularis management on the occurrence of stress shielding was determined. Results At 2 years postoperatively, stress shielding was noted in 61 (41%) shoulders. A total of 11 (7%) shoulders demonstrated severe stress shielding with 6 occurring along the medial calcar. There was one instance of greater tuberosity resorption. At the final follow-up, no humeral implants were radiographically loose or migrated. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical and functional outcomes between shoulders with and without stress shielding. Patients undergoing a lesser tuberosity osteotomy had lower rates of stress shielding, which was statistically significant ( p = 0.021) Discussion Stress shielding does occur at higher rates than anticipated following stemless total shoulder arthroplasty, but was not associated with implant migration or failure at 2 years follow-up. Level of evidence IV, Case series.
The Use of Extreme Value Statistics to Characterize Blood Glucose Curves and Patient Level Risk Assessment of Patients With Type I Diabetes
Authors: Szigeti Mátyás , Ferenci Tamás , Kovács Levente 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Characterizing blood glucose curves and providing precise patient level risk assessment of hyperglycemia using extreme value statistics and comparing these assessments with traditional indicators of glycemic variability which are not designed to specifically capture the risk of hyperglycemia. Research Design and Methods: One year return level (blood glucose level exceeded exactly once every year on average) and probability of exceeding and expected time spent above certain thresholds (600 and 400 mg/dL) per year were calculated. As a comparison, traditional metrics for glycemic variability were determined too. The effect of body mass index on extremes was also investigated using non-stationary models. Metrics were calculated on a dataset containing 170.8 patient-years of measurements of 226 patients. Results: Nine high-risk patients were identified with the novel metrics: their estimated time spent above 600 mg/dL per year were above 2 hours. These patients were at moderate risk according to the traditional metrics. Higher body mass index was associated with more extreme glucose levels. Conclusions: Through these estimates it is possible to assess each patient’s individual clinical risk of hyperglycemia even beyond the observed blood glucose levels and detection limits. Additionally, it allows the assessment of the impact of clinical characteristics and treatments on blood glucose control in a novel, mathematically well-founded and potentially clinically more useful way than the already existing indicators.