bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective audit of cumulative ionising radiation levels in hospitalised pregnant patients
Authors: McEvoy‐May James H. , Bihari Shailesh , Hooker Antony M. , Dixon Dani‐Louise 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAmong hospitalised patients, diagnostic radiation is possibly used least on pregnant patients due to the fear of ionising radiation on the fetus; however, what levels are currently being prescribed.AimsTo assess the cumulative levels of ionising radiation received by pregnant patients during a single admission to a tertiary hospital.Materials and methodsA retrospective audit of pregnant patients admitted to Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia, between 2013 and 2017 inclusive was performed. All procedures utilising ionising radiation were collected including conventional radiology, computed tomography, fluoroscopy and nuclear medicine. Individual and cumulative effective doses for mother and fetus were calculated using patient dose reports and published conversion factors.ResultsFrom 547 patients, the median cumulative effective dose was 0.02 mSv and only five patients received more than 10 mSv, with 19.07 mSv the highest dose received. The median fetal cumulative effective dose was 0.01 mSv but only three fetuses received more than 10 mSv, likely due to fetal exclusion in some procedural fields of view. Stays longer than ten days were associated with significantly higher cumulative effective dose, as did those with maternal cardiovascular related admission, for both maternal and fetal exposures.ConclusionThese results suggest that pregnant patients are exposed to low doses of ionising radiation, in both individual procedures and cumulative doses. The detrimental risks associated with these levels of ionising radiation are not overt and so clinicians should question which risk is higher, the ionising radiation from the radiological procedures received or the lack of diagnostic information if avoided?
Stratifin in ocular surface squamous neoplasia and its association with p53
Authors: Chauhan Sheetal , Sen Seema , Chauhan Shyam S. , Pushker Neelam , Tandon Radhika , Kashyap Seema , Vanathi Murugesan , Bajaj Mandeep S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeSunlight‐induced p53 mutations are known to contribute towards increased risk of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Stratifin (14‐3‐3σ)/HEM (human epithelial marker) is a p53‐mediated inhibitor of cell cycle progression and has been shown to be a target of epigenetic deregulation in various carcinomas. In the present study, Stratifin expression, its promoter methylation status as well as expression of mutant p53 in early and advanced AJCC stages (8th edition) of OSSN, was evaluated.MethodsSixty‐four OSSN [20 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 44 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] patients were registered for this study, and they were followed up for 36–58 months (mean 48 ± 3.6). Immunoexpression of Stratifin and mutant p53 protein, mRNA expression of Stratifin by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation status of Stratifin by methylation‐specific PCR, was undertaken.ResultsHypermethylation of Stratifin promoter in 63% (40/64), loss of Stratifin expression in 75% (48/64) and downregulation of Stratifin mRNA in 61% (39/64) were observed. Stratifin hypermethylation was significantly associated with reduced disease‐free survival in both early and advanced T stage SCC cases.Expression of mutant p53 expression was seen in 48% (31/64) OSSN cases. Of the 31 patients with mutant p53 expression, 87% (27/31) also demonstrated loss of Stratifin immunoexpression. A significant association was seen between mutant p53 expression and Stratifin loss (p = 0.01) in advanced T stage SCC cases.ConclusionsHypermethylation of Stratifin gene and its reduced mRNA expression both are potential biomarkers for identifying high‐risk OSSN patients. Aberrant methylation of Stratifin and simultaneous mutant p53 expression implicates involvement of p53‐Stratifin mediated signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of OSSN.
Mesh shrinkage is the potential pathogenesis of chronic somatic pain following transabdominal preperitoneal repair: Report of two cases
Authors: Narita Masato , Munekage Fumiaki , Yamaoka Ryoya , Ikai Iwao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough mesh‐related pain, termed “somatic pain,” is a well‐known pain syndrome following Lichtenstein repair, few reports are available on somatic pain following transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP) and its pathogenesis remains unclear. We report on two patients with refractory somatic chronic pain following TAPP. In the present two cases, both mesh fixation with rigid permanent metal tackers and mesh shrinkage resulting in contractile forces on the groin musculature could be considered as potential mechanisms in the etiology of chronic somatic pain following TAPP. The lessons learned from these two cases are: (a) mesh shrinkage resulting in contractile forces on the groin musculature could be considered as potential mechanisms in the etiology of chronic somatic pain following TAPP; (b) partial mesh removal would be an effective alternative to total mesh removal in those patients for remedial surgery.
The role of cGMP signalling in auditory processing in health and disease
Authors: Marchetta Philine , Rüttiger Lukas , Hobbs Adrian J. , Singer Wibke , Knipper Marlies 
Published: March 2021

cGMP is generated by the cGMP‐forming guanylyl cyclases (GCs), the intracellular nitric oxide (NO)‐sensitive (soluble) guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and transmembrane GC (e.g. GC‐A and GC‐B). In summarizing the particular role of cGMP signalling for hearing, we show that GC generally do not interfere significantly with basic hearing function but rather sustain a healthy state for proper temporal coding, fast discrimination and adjustments during injury. sGC is critical for the integrity of the first synapse in the ascending auditory pathway, the inner hair cell synapse. GC‐A promotes hair cell stability under stressful conditions such as acoustic trauma or ageing. GC‐B plays a role in the development of efferent feed‐back and gain control. Regarding the crucial role hearing has for language development, speech discrimination and cognitive brain functions, differential pharmaceutical targeting of GCs offers therapeutic promise for the restoration of hearing.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on cGMP Signalling in Cell Growth and Survival. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.11/issuetoc
A population pharmacodynamic Markov mixed‐effects model for determining remimazolam‐induced sedation when co‐administered with fentanyl in procedural sedation
Authors: Zhou Jie , Curd Laura , Lohmer Lauren R. L. , Delpratt Natalie , Ossig Joachim , Schippers Frank , Stoehr Thomas , Schmith Virginia D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe clinical effects of remimazolam (an investigational, ultra‐short acting benzodiazepine being studied in procedural sedation) were measured using the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Awareness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S). The objective of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to describe remimazolam‐induced sedation with fentanyl over time in procedural sedation. MOAA/S from 10 clinical phase I–III trials were pooled for analysis, where data were collected after administration of placebo or remimazolam with or without concomitant fentanyl. A Markov model described transition states for 35,356 MOAA/S‐time observations from 1071 subjects. Effect‐compartment models of remimazolam and fentanyl linked plasma concentrations to the Markov model, and drug effects were described using a synergistic maximum effect (Emax) model. Simulations were performed to identify the optimal remimazolam‐fentanyl combination doses in procedural sedation. Fentanyl showed synergistic effects with remimazolam in sedation. Increasing age was related to longer recovery from sedation. Patients with body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 had ~30% higher rates of distribution from plasma to the effect site (keo), indicating a slightly faster onset of sedation. Simulations showed that remimazolam 5 mg was more appropriate than 4 or 6 mg when administered with fentanyl 50 μg. The model and simulations support that a combination of remimazolam 5 mg with fentanyl 50 μg is an appropriate dosing regimen and the dose of remimazolam does not need to be changed in elderly patients, but some elderly patients may have a longer duration of sedation.
Double blind randomized repetitive efficacy test of various occupational skin protection preparations against sodium lauryl sulphate
Authors: Schliemann Sibylle , Müller Maren , Stadeler Martina , Elsner Peter 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundSkin protection products, formerly named as barrier creams, are being used as primary and secondary prevention measures against occupational dermatoses. Many of these cosmetic products are claimed by manufacturers to be efficacious against wet work‐induced skin barrier impairment if applied prior to exposure. However, results of validated and standardized in vivo efficacy tests allowing the comparison of different products are lacking.Material and methodsEfficacy of six skin protection products against sodium lauryl sulphate‐induced irritant contact dermatitis was investigated in a double blind, randomized and controlled repetitive irritation study in healthy volunteers using skin physiological methods. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) results were used to calculate an efficacy index of protection by mathematical/statistical means according to a protocol developed in a German Statutory Accident Insurance (DGUV) multicenter study (research project FP 275).ResultsAll tested products had a demonstrable, protective effect against SLS compared to controls, but their relative efficacy varied significantly. Differences were also seen upon evaluation of other parameters such as corneometry and clinical irritation score (visual score).ConclusionsProduct ranking as a result of the established differences allows improved selection of appropriate skin protection products based on objective parameters, as compared to heterogenous product claims.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis – is there a shared proinflammatory network?
Authors: Heitmann Johanna , Frings Verena G. , Geier Andreas , Goebeler Matthias , Kerstan Andreas 
Published: March 2021

SummaryPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated systemic inflammatory disease that is not limited to the skin but may be associated with arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome including diabetes and obesity and, as identified more recently, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that occurs in approximately 50 % of all patients with psoriasis. NAFLD is characterized by accumulation of fat in hepatocytes in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Over the last two decades, NAFLD has developed to the most common chronic liver disease with an estimated prevalence of 25 % in the Western population. NAFLD ranges from non‐inflammatory or bland hepatic steatosis to inflammation of hepatic tissue (non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and consecutive liver fibrosis. It is controversial whether the underlying systemic inflammation of psoriasis is contributing to development of NAFLD or if comorbid diseases such as obesity enhance NAFLD development. Recent findings indicate that cytokine‐mediated inflammation through TNFα, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐17 might be the common link between psoriasis and NAFLD. Considering the shared inflammatory pathways, IL‐17 pharmacological blockade, which is already well‐established for psoriasis, may be a promising strategy to treat both psoriasis and NAFLD. Therefore, early detection of NAFLD and a better understanding of its pathophysiology in the context of the systemic inflammation in psoriasis is important with regard to individualized treatment approaches.
Prediabetes and the risk of heart failure: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cai Xiaoyan , Liu Xiong , Sun Lichang , He Yiting , Zheng Sulin , Zhang Yang , Huang Yuli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the role of prediabetes in the incidence of heart failure (HF).Materials and MethodsWe searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and OpenGrey) for studies up to 31 December 2020. Studies were included for meta‐analysis if they reported adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of HF for prediabetes compared with normoglycaemia. Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (IFG‐WHO), or according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition (IFG‐ADA), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), raised HbA1c according to the ADA criteria (HbA1c‐ADA), or according to the International Expert Committee (IEC) recommendation (HbA1c‐IEC).ResultsA total of 15 studies comprising 9,827,430 individuals provided data for this analysis. The median follow‐up duration of the included studies was 8.0 years. Compared with normoglycaemia, prediabetes was associated with an increased risk for HF: IFG‐ADA (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.13), IFG‐WHO (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.30), IGT (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.39), HbA1c‐ADA (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16–1.41) or HbA1c‐IEC (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09–1.79), respectively.ConclusionsPrediabetes is associated with an increased risk of HF. Future studies are needed to evaluate effective treatments for prediabetes to prevent the development and progression of HF.
Reconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates of COVID‐19: An overview of systematic evaluations
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEstimates of community spread and infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID‐19 have varied across studies. Efforts to synthesize the evidence reach seemingly discrepant conclusions.MethodsSystematic evaluations of seroprevalence studies that had no restrictions based on country and which estimated either total number of people infected and/or aggregate IFRs were identified. Information was extracted and compared on eligibility criteria, searches, amount of evidence included, corrections/adjustments of seroprevalence and death counts, quantitative syntheses and handling of heterogeneity, main estimates and global representativeness.ResultsSix systematic evaluations were eligible. Each combined data from 10 to 338 studies (9‐50 countries), because of different eligibility criteria. Two evaluations had some overt flaws in data, violations of stated eligibility criteria and biased eligibility criteria (eg excluding studies with few deaths) that consistently inflated IFR estimates. Perusal of quantitative synthesis methods also exhibited several challenges and biases. Global representativeness was low with 78%‐100% of the evidence coming from Europe or the Americas; the two most problematic evaluations considered only one study from other continents. Allowing for these caveats, four evaluations largely agreed in their main final estimates for global spread of the pandemic and the other two evaluations would also agree after correcting overt flaws and biases.ConclusionsAll systematic evaluations of seroprevalence data converge that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is widely spread globally. Acknowledging residual uncertainties, the available evidence suggests average global IFR of ~0.15% and ~1.5‐2.0 billion infections by February 2021 with substantial differences in IFR and in infection spread across continents, countries and locations.
Analysis of cytokine levels, T regulatory cells and serotonin content in patients with depression
Authors: Obermanns Jasmin , Krawczyk Elena , Juckel Georg , Emons Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlterations in peripheral serotonin concentrations and an imbalanced immune system have been reported in patients with depression. Cytokines and T regulatory (Treg) cells may play an important role in the development of depression. This study investigates the levels of cytokines and Treg cells, as well as the concentration of serotonin (5‐HT) in the blood of 89 patients suffering from depression and 89 healthy participants between two acquisitions. We investigated the state of health before (T1) and after (T2) psychological and pharmacological therapy. Both cytokine (IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and INF‐γ) and 5‐HT levels in the blood were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The levels of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Patients with depression showed significantly higher serum levels of IL‐6 and INF‐γ, no altered serum levels of IL‐10 and TNF‐α, and decreased platelet and serum 5‐HT levels compared with healthy participants at the first acquisition. In addition, the symptoms of depression and anxiety, the TNF‐α level, and the amount of CD4+CD25+ cells in the blood were decreased from the first to the second acquisition. Further, a correlation between IL‐6 and platelet 5‐HT has been observed in patients. An imbalance of the immune system in patients with depression and an association of the serotonergic system and cytokines were observed. These results indicate that the development of depression might be related to several interacting proteins, including cytokines and 5‐HT, and the treatment affects imbalances of these factors.
Ranking range models under incomplete attribute weight information in the selected six MADM methods
Authors: Liu Yating , Tang Huali , Liang Haiming , Zhang Hengjie , Li Cong‐Cong , Dong Yucheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultiple attribute decision making (MADM) is used to rank the alternatives according to evaluation information based on multiple attributes, and many MADM methods have been studied to deal with the MADM problems. In existing MADM methods, when setting different attribute weights, the ranking of alternatives are different. And ranking range can be used to measure a lower bound and an upper bound of rankings of alternatives with the change of the attribute weights. Also, in some real MADM problems, the information on attribute weights may be unknown or partially known, which is called incomplete attribute weight information. Then, this study investigates the ranking range models (RRMs) under incomplete attribute weight information in the selected six MADM methods: Weighted geometric averaging (WGA), Ordered weighted geometric averaging (OWGA), TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE and ELECTRE. Particularly, we can construct several 0‐1 mathematical programming models to compute the ranking range of alternatives under incomplete attribute weight information for the selected six MADM methods. Then, two case studies on project investment and Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) are used to justify the validity of the RRMs under incomplete attribute weight information in the selected six MADM methods.
Cell shape‐based chemical screening reveals an epigenetic network mediated by focal adhesions
Authors: Kanazawa Tomomi , Michida Hiroki , Uchino Yuki , Ishihara Akari , Zhang Suxiang , Tabata Sho , Suzuki Yutaka , Imamoto Akira , Okada Mariko 
Published: March 2021

Adapter proteins CRK and CRKL participate in a variety of signaling pathways, including cell adhesion, and fate regulation of mammalian cells. However, the molecular functions of CRK/CRKL in epigenetic regulation remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a pipeline to evaluate cell morphology using high‐content image analysis combined with chemical screening of kinase and epigenetic modulators. We found that CRK/CRKL modulates gene regulatory networks associated with cell morphology through epigenetic alteration in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Integrated epigenome and transcriptome analyses revealed that CRK/CRKL is involved in super‐enhancer activity and upregulation of Cdt1, Rin1, and Spp1 expression for the regulation of cell morphology. Screening of a library of 80 epigenetic inhibitors showed that histone H3 modifiers, euchromatic histone methyltransferase 2 and mitogen‐ and stress‐activated kinase 1, may be important for CRK/CRKL‐mediated morphological changes. Taken together, our results indicate that CRK/CRKL plays a critical role in gene regulatory networks through epigenetic modification.DatabasesChromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing data were deposited in the DNA Data Bank of Japan under DRA011080 and DRA011081 accession numbers, respectively.
Decolonial feminist theory: Embracing the gendered colonial difference in management and organisation studies
Authors: Manning Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFeminist theories in management and organization studies, each with their own ontological and epistemological assumptions, offer critical perspectives of the status quo to challenge our idea of progress in the discipline, yet there is limited engagement with ideas, theories, or practices from the lived experiences of Global South women. Decolonial feminism engages with debates pertaining to coloniality/modernity and indigenous identity and gender in Latin America, while providing a space for the voices and lived experiences of marginalized, non‐Western(ised) women. Positioned in the context of Guatemalan Maya women and deploying critical insights from decolonial feminists, I unpack how the discourse about Global South women silences their voices and agency. Integrating decolonial feminist theory allows us to rethink management and organizationorganization studies as a Western gendered system. Interrupting mainstream narratives to bring a new geopolitics of knowledge and knowing from the perspective of the gendered colonial difference.
Mechanical properties of borothermally synthesized zirconium diboride at elevated temperatures
Authors: Murchie Alec C. , Watts Jeremy L. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe mechanical properties of a nominally phase pure ZrB2 ceramic were measured up to 2300°C in an argon atmosphere. ZrB2 was hot pressed at 2000°C utilizing borothermally synthesized powder from high purity ZrO2 and B raw materials. The relative density of the ceramics was about 95% with an average ZrB2 grain size of 8.8 µm. The room temperature flexural strength was 447 MPa, with strength decreasing to 196 MPa at 1800°C, and then increasing to 360 MPa at 2300°C. The strength up to 1800°C was likely controlled by a combination of effects: surface damage from oxidation of the specimens, stress relaxation, and decreases in the elastic modulus. The strength above 1800°C was controlled by flaws in the range consistent with sizes of the maximum ZrB2 grain size and the largest pores. Fracture toughness was 2.3 MPa·m1/2 at room temperature, increasing to 3.1 MPa·m1/2 at 2200°C. The use of higher purity starting materials improved the mechanical behavior in the ultra‐high temperature regime compared to previous studies.
Strategic justifications of the TAL family of rules for bankruptcy problems
Authors: Moreno‐Ternero Juan D. , Tsay Min‐Hung , Yeh Chun‐Hsien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe follow the Nash program to provide strategic justifications of the TAL family of rules for bankruptcy problems. The design of our game is inspired by an axiomatization of the TAL family of rules exploiting the properties of consistency together with certain degrees of lower and upper bounds to all creditors. Bilateral negotiations of our game follow the spirit of those bounds. By means of consistency, we then extend the bilateral negotiations to an arbitrary number of creditors.