bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prediction of In‐Hospital Mortality in Decompensated Cirrhosis with Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Wong Florence , Reddy K. Rajender , Tandon Puneeta , Lai Jennifer C. , Jagarlamudi Nishita , Weir Vanessa , Kok Beverley , Kalainy Sylvia , Srisengfa Yanin T. , Albhaisi Somaya , Reuter Bradley , Acharya Chathur , Shaw Jawaid , Thacker Leroy R. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: September 2021

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition in cirrhosis associated with organ failure (OF) and high short‐term mortality. Both the European Association for the Study of the Liver‐Chronic Liver Failure (EASL‐CLIF) and North American Consortium for the Study of End‐Stage Liver Disease (NACSELD) ACLF definitions have been shown to predict ACLF prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of the EASL‐CLIF versus NACSELD systems over baseline clinical and laboratory parameters in the prediction of in‐hospital mortality in admitted patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Five NACSELD centers prospectively collected data to calculate EASL‐CLIF and NACSELD‐ACLF scores for admitted patients with cirrhosis who were followed for the development of OF, hospital course, and survival. Both the number of OFs and the ACLF grade or presence were used to determine the impact of NACSELD versus EASL‐CLIF definitions of ACLF above baseline parameters on in‐hospital mortality. A total of 1031 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (age, 57 ± 11 years; male, 66%; Child‐Pugh‐Turcotte score, 10 ± 2; Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease [MELD] score, 20 ± 8) were enrolled. Renal failure prevalence (28% versus 9%, P < 0.001) was more common using the EASL‐CLIF versus NACSELD definition, but the prevalence rates for brain, circulatory, and respiratory failures were similar. Baseline parameters including age, white cell count on admission, and MELD score reasonably predicted in‐hospital mortality (area under the curve, 0.76). The addition of number of OFs according to either system did not improve the predictive power of the baseline parameters for in‐hospital mortality, but the presence of NACSELD‐ACLF did. However, neither system was better than baseline parameters in the prediction of 30‐ or 90‐day outcomes. The presence of NACSELD‐ACLF is equally effective as the EASL‐CLIF ACLF grade, and better than baseline parameters in the prediction of in‐hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis, but not superior in the prediction of longer‐term 30‐ or 90‐day outcomes.
Evaluating Outcomes Related to Donor and Recipient Metabolic Environment: Macrosteatotic Allografts and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Altshuler Peter J. , Dang Hien , Frank Adam M. , Shah Ashesh P. , Glorioso Jaime , Zhan Tingting , Rios Diaz Arturo , Shaheen Osama , Ramirez Carlo B. , Maley Warren R. , Bodzin Adam S. 
Published: September 2021

The increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects both recipient and donor populations in liver transplantation. Presently, it is unclear whether transplantation of macrosteatotic allografts is affected by the metabolic milieu of liver transplant recipients. This study investigates fatty liver disease at the intersection of donor and recipient. A retrospective review of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation database identified 5167 NASH and 26,289 non‐NASH transplant recipients who received transplants from January 1, 2004, to June 12, 2020. A total of 12,569 donors had allografts with no macrosteatosis (<5%), 16,140 had mild macrosteatosis (5%‐29%), and 2747 had moderate to severe macrosteatosis (≥30%). Comparing recipients with NASH to propensity score–matched (PSM) recipients without NASH demonstrated noninferior graft and patient survival up to 10 years in patients with NASH. Similar trends were observed in subgroup analyses of transplants within each strata of allograft macrosteatosis. Assessing allograft macrosteatosis specifically in the NASH population demonstrated that allografts with ≥30% macrosteatosis were associated with reduced early graft survival (30 days, 93.32% versus 96.54% [P = 0.02]; 1 year, 84.53% versus 88.99% [P = 0.05]) compared with PSM grafts with <30% macrosteatosis. Long‐term graft survival at 5 and 10 years, however, was similar. The use of carefully selected macrosteatotic allografts can be successful in both recipients with NASH and recipients without NASH. The metabolic environment of patients with NASH does not appear to adversely affect outcomes with regard to the allograft when controlled for numerous confounders. It is, however, important to remain cognizant of the potential for high‐risk macrosteatotic allografts to negatively affect outcomes.
Molecular Features of Parkinson's Disease in Patient‐Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Ren Yong , Jiang Houbo , Pu Jiali , Li Li , Wu Jianbo , Yan Yaping , Zhao Guohua , Guttuso Thomas J. , Zhang Baorong , Feng Jian 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite intense efforts to develop an objective diagnostic test for Parkinson's disease, there is still no consensus on biomarkers that can accurately diagnose the disease.ObjectiveIdentification of biomarkers for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) may enable accurate diagnosis of the disease. We tried to find molecular and cellular differences in dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from healthy subjects and idiopathic PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset.MethodsWe measured the expression of genes controlling dopamine synthesis, sequestration, and catabolism as well as the levels of corresponding metabolites and reactive oxygen species in midbrain DA neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of healthy subjects and PD patients with or without rest tremor.ResultsSignificant differences in DA‐related gene expression, metabolites, and oxidative stress were found between midbrain DA neurons derived from healthy subjects and patients with PD. DA neurons derived from PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset exhibited significant differences in the levels of some of these transcripts, metabolites, and oxidative stress.ConclusionThe unique combination of these quantifiable molecular and cellular traits in iPSC‐derived midbrain DA neurons can distinguish healthy subjects from idiopathic PD patients and segregate PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset. The strategy may be used to develop an objective diagnostic test for PD.
An adaptive eigenfunction basis strategy to reduce design dimension in topology optimization
Authors: Sanders Clay , Bonnet Marc , Aquino Wilkins 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe concept of adaptive eigenspace basis (AEB) has recently proved effective for solving medium imaging problems. In this article, we present an AEB strategy for design parameterization in topology optimization (TO) problems. We seek the density design field as a linear combination of eigenfunctions, computed for an elliptic operator defined over the structural domain, and solve for the associated eigenfunction coefficients. Restriction to this truncated eigenspace drastically reduces the design dimension and imposes implicit regularization upon the solution, removing the need for auxiliary filtering operations and design‐variable bound constraints. We furthermore develop the basis adaptation scheme inherent in the AEB, which iteratively recomputes the eigenfunction basis to conform to the evolving density field, enabling further dimension reduction and acceleration of the optimization process. The known aptitude of the adapted eigenfunctions to approximate piecewise constant fields is especially useful for TO as relevant design subspaces can be given low‐dimensional representations. We propose criteria for the selection of the basis dimension and demonstrate the use of basis function selection as means for length scale control. We compare performance of the AEB against conventional TO implementations in problems for static linear‐elasticity, showing comparable structural solutions, computational cost benefits, and consistent design dimension reduction.
Simultaneous topology and machine orientation optimization for multiaxis machining
Authors: Gasick Joshua , Qian Xiaoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a density‐based topology optimization approach for multi‐axis machining where optimized designs can be machined by one or multiple axes. In our approach, density and machine axes can be simultaneously optimized. The fulcrum of our multi‐axis machinability based topology optimization approach is a formulation that characterizes machinability through inaccessible volume. This formulation is differentiable to both density and machining axes, and thus is amenable to gradient‐based optimization. We use an advection‐diffusion equation to facilitate the evaluation of inaccessible volume. Numerical examples on 2D and 3D linear elasticity problems are presented as a demonstration of the efficacy of this approach.
Untangling the complexities of micropapillary cancer†
Authors: Charles Campbell Frederick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDistinct morphological subtypes of colorectal cancer (CRC) confer a bleak clinical outlook. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Onuma et al investigated morphological evolution of a highly fatal CRC subtype known as micropapillary cancer (MPC). This study enhances understanding of MPC biology including essential regulatory signals, cellular and multicellular phenotypes, as well as cancer behaviour. Iterative modelling in three‐dimensional (3D) patient‐derived CRC tissue‐originated spheroids (CTOSs) revealed spatiotemporal oscillations of Rho–ROCK hyperactivity underlying reversal of membrane polarity and suppression of lumen formation during development of multicellular MPC morphology. Corroborative studies in CTOSs, xenografts, and archival human CRCs confirm human disease relevance. Although cancer morphology has previously been considered irreversible, targeted inhibition of Rho–ROCK activity restored membrane polarity, lumenized multicellular assembly, and suppressed MPC morphology in 3D CTOS cultures and xenografts. Collectively, the study identifies molecular, biophysical, and multicellular mechanisms implicated in morphological evolution of micropapillary CRC. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of topical antimicrobial therapy and household cleaning on meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius carriage in dogs
Authors: Frosini Siân‐Marie , Bond Ross , King Ruth , Feudi Claudia , Schwarz Stefan , Loeffler Anette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground: Meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a multidrug‐resistant canine pathogen with a low zoonotic potential. This study investigated MRSP carriage and clearance through topical antimicrobial therapy and household cleaning in dogs recovered from MRSP infection.Methods: Dogs were swabbed for MRSP carriage; household contamination was assessed using contact plates. Carrier dogs were allocated randomly to receive topical fusidic acid and chlorhexidine/miconazole treatment combined with owners implementing a household hygiene protocol (H&T) or implementation of hygiene alone (H) over three weeks. Carriage‐negative dogs were monitored monthly. The relatedness of isolates over time was investigated by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results: At inclusion, MRSP carriage was confirmed in 31/46 (67.4%) index dogs and 16/24 (66.7%) contact dogs, and contamination was found in 18/40 (45%) environments. In dogs completing all cycles, interventions cleared carriage in 5/9 (55.6%) dogs in group H&T and 2/6 (33.3%) in group H. Environmental contamination was infrequent but associated with carrier dogs (p = 0.047). Monthly monitoring of initially negative dogs showed intermittent carriage in 9/14 dogs. PFGE‐concordance was found among all 34 MRSP isolated from eight index dogs over time.Conclusion: MRSP carriage was common in dogs after recovery from infection. Topical antimicrobial therapy temporarily eliminated carriage but recurrence was frequent. Management efforts must include the prevention of recurrent infections and hygiene.
Study on the impact of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway on regional economic equity based on economic performance
Authors: Yang Heng , Tong Qiong , Zhao Pan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to the panel data of stations along the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (BSHR) from 2008 to 2018, the influence of BSHR on regional economy of cities along the line is analyzed, and the influence of the opening of the BSHR on regional economic equity of cities along the line, through constructing the difference-in-differences model. The research result shows that the opening of the BSHR greatly promotes the growth of the GDP per capita of the site cities along the line and the optimal allocation of resources, such as labor, information and technology, and accelerates the two-way flow of factors of production between big cities and small and medium-sized cities at stations along the high-speed railway, makes high-quality resources from small and medium-sized cities flow to big cities along the line, while some backward resources from big cities gradually tilt toward small- and medium-sized cities along the line. In short, the opening of BSHR promotes the economic growth of the cities along the line, shortens the economic gap between the cities, is conducive to realizing regional economic equity.
Research progress on selective laser melting (SLM) of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs): a review
Authors: Zhang Peilei , Tan Jie , Tian Yingtao , Yan Hua , Yu Zhishui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are a subject of interest due to their superior specific properties such as low coefficient of friction, high strength, large ductility in bending, high elastic modulus, high microhardness, and high resistance to corrosion, oxidation, wear, and so on. However, BMGs are difficult to apply in industry due to their difficulty in manufacturing and secondary operation. In the past few decades, many efforts have been carried out to overcome the defects in the manufacturing of BMGs. It is difficult to fabricate complex structures with the whole amorphous alloy owing to the limit of crystallization and critical cooling rate. Additive manufacturing (AM), such as selective laser melting (SLM), can obtain relatively high cooling rates during the “layer-by-layer” process, which makes it possible to surpass the dimensional limitation of metallic glass. In the SLM process, the high-speed cooling of molten pool and the avoidance of secondary processing are very beneficial to the production and application of amorphous alloys. In this paper, based on the research of SLM additive manufacturing BMGs in recent years, the factors affecting crystallization and forming ability are discussed from many aspects according to different material systems. The status and challenges of SLM manufacturing BMGs including Fe-based, Zr-based, Al-based, and some composite-based BMGs will be presented. Mechanical properties and physicochemical properties were introduced. This review aims to introduce the latest developments in SLM additive manufacturing BMGs, especially on the development of process parameters, structure formation, simulation calculation, fracture mechanism, and crystallization behavior. With the traditional fabricating methods, BMGs were mainly used as a structure material. It will provide another alternative to use BMGs as a functional material by introducing SLM technology in amorphous preparation with complex geometry. This review summarizes the technical difficulty and application prospects of BMGs preparation by SLM and discusses the challenges and unresolved problems. This review identifies key issues that need to be addressed in this important field in the future. These problems are related to the application of BMGs as high-strength structural materials and new functional materials in the future.
Effect of lacto-fermentation and freeze-drying on the quality of beetroot evaluated using machine vision and sensory analysis
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Wrzodak Anna , Sabanci Kadir , Aslan Muhammet Fatih 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating the effect of freeze-drying and lacto-fermentation on the texture parameters of images and sensory attributes of beetroots. The samples were imaged using a flatbed scanner, and textures from images converted to color channels L, a, b, R, G, B, X, Y, Z were computed. The discrimination of raw and processed beetroots was performed using models based on textures selected for each color channel. The sensory quality of processed samples was determined using the attributes related to smell, color, texture and taste. The highest discrimination accuracy of 97.25% was obtained for the model built for color channel b. The accuracies for other channels were equal to 96.25% for channel a, 95.25% for channel R, 95% for channel Y, 94.75% for channel B, 94.5% for channel X, 94% for channel L, 92.5% for channel G, 88.25% for channel Z. In the case of some models, the raw and lacto-fermented beetroots were discriminated with 100% correctness. The freeze-dried and freeze-dried lacto-fermented samples were also the most similar in terms of sensory attributes, such as off-odor, attractiveness color, beetroot color, crunchiness, hardness, bitter taste, overall quality. The results indicated that the image parameters and sensory attributes may be related.
Increased β-adrenergic stimulation augments vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via PKA/CREB signalling
Authors: Moser Barbara , Poetsch Florian , Estepa Misael , Luong Trang T. D. , Pieske Burkert , Lang Florian , Alesutan Ioana , Voelkl Jakob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia promotes medial vascular calcification, a process augmented by osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMC function is regulated by sympathetic innervation, and these cells express α- and β-adrenergic receptors. The present study explored the effects of β2-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol on VSMC calcification. Experiments were performed in primary human aortic VSMCs treated with isoproterenol during control or high phosphate conditions. As a result, isoproterenol dose dependently up-regulated the expression of osteogenic markers core-binding factor α-1 (CBFA1) and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) in VSMCs. Furthermore, prolonged isoproterenol exposure augmented phosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs. Isoproterenol increased the activation of PKA and CREB, while knockdown of the PKA catalytic subunit α (PRKACA) or of CREB1 genes was able to suppress the pro-calcific effects of isoproterenol in VSMCs. β2-adrenergic receptor silencing or inhibition with the selective antagonist ICI 118,551 blocked isoproterenol-induced osteogenic signalling in VSMCs. The present observations imply a pro-calcific effect of β2-adrenergic overstimulation in VSMCs, which is mediated, at least partly, by PKA/CREB signalling. These observations may support a link between sympathetic overactivity in CKD and vascular calcification.
The effect of hyperarticulation on speech comprehension under adverse listening conditions
Authors: Kangatharan Jayanthiny , Uther Maria , Gobet Fernand 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComprehension assesses a listener’s ability to construe the meaning of an acoustic signal in order to be able to answer questions about its contents, while intelligibility indicates the extent to which a listener can precisely retrieve the acoustic signal. Previous comprehension studies asking listeners for sentence-level information or narrative-level information used native listeners as participants. This is the first study to look at whether clear speech properties (e.g. expanded vowel space) produce a clear speech benefit at the word level for L2 learners for speech produced in naturalistic settings. This study explored whether hyperarticulated speech was more comprehensible than non-hyperarticulated speech for both L1 British English speakers and early and late L2 British English learners in quiet and in noise. Sixteen British English listeners, 16 native Mandarin Chinese listeners as early learners of L2 and 16 native Mandarin Chinese listeners as late learners of L2 rated hyperarticulated samples versus non-hyperarticulated samples in form of words for comprehension under four listening conditions of varying white noise level (quiet or SNR levels of + 16 dB, + 12 dB or + 8 dB) (3 × 2× 4 mixed design). Mean ratings showed all three groups found hyperarticulated speech samples easier to understand than non-hyperarticulated speech at all listening conditions. Results are discussed in terms of other findings (Uther et al., 2012) that suggest that hyperarticulation may generally improve speech processing for all language groups.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillary lateral incisors agenesis using dental mini-implants: a multicenter 10-year follow-up
Authors: Lacarbonara M. , Cazzolla A.P. , Lacarbonara V. , Lo Muzio L. , Ciavarella D. , Testa N.F. , Crincoli V. , Di Venere D. , De Franco A. , Tripodi D. , Grassi F.R. , Capogreco M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Implants are used to replace congenitally missing lateral incisors but often the space across the alveolar crest is too narrow to permit their use. This multicenter study (Dental Clinic of the University of Foggia, Odontostomatology Clinic of the University of L’Aquila) evaluated the efficacy of mini-implants in cases of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis with severe osseous atrophy in 10-year follow-up.

Materials and methods
Forty-seven mini-implants have been inserted in 35 patients affected by lateral incisors agenesis (23 single and 12 bilateral ageneses). All patients underwent orthodontic opening of the space of the upper lateral incisors. After the insertion of the implants, the immediate, non-functional loading, positioning of crowns, presence of pain during percussion and mini-implant function, horizontal and vertical movement when a force of 5 N was applied, ridge loss, and plaque index have been evaluated 1 month after loading, 1 year after loading, and then every 5 years in the following 10 years. Little’s test was used to evaluate the assumption that data of loss to follow-up implants are missing completely at random (MCAR) and that a complete-case scenario could be adopted. Wilcoxon test was carried out to look statistically significant differences between the various parameters resulting in the complete-case scenario and those assumed for the worst scenario. The software R (v. 3.6.1, 2019) was employed to perform the statistical analysis.

Results
The results obtained over 10 years range from 89% of success rate in a worst-case scenario to the 100% using a complete-case analysis with satisfactory values of marginal bone resorption and good conditions of the peri-implant tissue. Ten-year follow-up using complete-case analysis shows survival rates of 100% for implants with no signs of peri-implantitis, stability of the marginal bone levels and soft tissue around the dental implants.

Conclusions
The data collected show very good implant stability, absence of progressive peri-implantitis, and satisfactory aesthetical results in time (no signs of infraocclusion).

Clinical relevance
Mini-implants can be considered a valid and stable over time solution in the restorative treatment of maxillary lateral incisors agenesis.