bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal versus oronasal masks for home non-invasive ventilation in patients with chronic hypercapnia: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Lebret Marius , Léotard Antoine , Pépin Jean Louis , Windisch Wolfram , Ekkernkamp Emelie , Pallero Mercedes , Sánchez-Quiroga M-Ángeles , Hart Nicholas , Kelly Julia L , Patout Maxime , Funk Georg Chistian , Duiverman Marieke L , Masa Juan F , Simonds Anita , Murphy Patrick Brian , Wijkstra Peter J , Dreher Michael , Storre Jan , Khouri Charles , Borel Jean-Christian 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe optimal interface for the delivery of home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to treat chronic respiratory failure has not yet been determined. The aim of this individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was to compare the effect of nasal and oronasal masks on treatment efficacy and adherence in patients with COPD and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).MethodsWe searched Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 1 month’s duration, published between January 1994 and April 2019, that assessed NIV efficacy in patients with OHS and COPD. The main outcomes were diurnal PaCO2, PaO2 and NIV adherence (PROSPERO CRD42019132398).FindingsOf 1576 articles identified, 34 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and IPD were obtained for 18. Ten RCTs were excluded because only one type of mask was used, or mask data were missing. Data from 8 RCTs, including 290 IPD, underwent meta-analysis. Oronasal masks were used in 86% of cases. There were no differences between oronasal and nasal masks for PaCO2 (0.61 mm Hg (95% CI −2.15 to 3.38); p=0.68), PaO2 (−0.00 mm Hg (95% CI −4.59 to 4.58); p=1) or NIV adherence (0·29 hour/day (95% CI −0.74 to 1.32); p=0.58). There was no interaction between the underlying pathology and the effect of mask type on any outcome.InterpretationOronasal masks are the most used interface for the delivery of home NIV in patients with OHS and COPD; however, there is no difference in the efficacy or tolerance of oronasal or nasal masks.
Wear evaluation and microstructure analysis of cryogenically treated AISI 440C bearing steel
Authors: Idayan A. , Elanchezhian C. , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Palanikumar K. 
Published: April 2021

In this study, two types of cryogenic treatment [deep cryogenic treatment (−196 °C) and shallow cryogenic treatment (−80 °C)] were used to increase wear resistance in AISI 440C bearing steel. Out focus was to find a way to increase wear resistance via deep microstructural analyses, and also to correlate the microstructure with the wear characteristics of specimens subjected to deep cryogenic treatment, conventional heat treatment, or shallow cryogenic treatment. Microstructural examinations of the specimens were performed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays, and X-ray diffraction to study the wear characteristics of AISI 440C bearing steel. The results show that the specimens subjected to deep cryogenic treatment have greater wear resistance than the specimens subjected to shallow cryogenic or conventional heat treatment. The wear mechanisms included the formation and delamination of white layers. The microstructure of the steel was altered by the heat treatment process: the precipitation characteristics of the secondary carbides were modified and the levels of retained austenite were reduced, which correlated with the wear characteristics, and were identified as the potential mechanisms behind the increased wear resistance of the bearing steels due to the deep cryogenic treatment.
Orientation fluctuations in magnetotactic swimming
Authors: Smyk Sebastian , Telezki Vitali , Riepl Josef , Hayes Johannes , Klumpp Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe fluctuations experienced by magnetic microswimmers in a magnetic field often have non-thermal contributions, in particular in the case of biological swimmers such as magnetotactic bacteria. Here we study a model for an active self-propelled particle subject to correlated internal noise as a model for the active, non-thermal noise contribution and determine the effect of the correlation time on the diffusion of the swimmer and on its orientation in a magnetic field. A description in terms of an effective temperature is possible, but has limitations.
Towards Taming the Bugs to Improve the Drugs for Breast Cancer
Authors: Sharma Dipali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The identification of microbial networks that are predictive of disease progression and response to therapy will not only increase our understanding of the connection between microbiota and breast cancer, but also pave the way for the development of novel microbiota-based therapeutic interventions. The study by Di Modica and colleagues points to the existence of specific microbiota in patients with HER2+ breast cancer that can influence their response to trastuzumab. This information can potentially be used to develop novel therapeutic regimens combining fecal microbiota transplant with standard cancer therapy.
See related article by Di Modica et al., p. 2195
Vascular Regenerative Capacity and the Obesity Paradox in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mehta Anurag , Meng Qi , Li Xiaona , Desai Shivang R. , D’Souza Melroy S. , Ho Annie H. , Islam Shabatun J. , Dhindsa Devinder S. , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Nayak Aditi , Alkhoder Ayman A. , Hooda Ananya , Varughese Anil , Ahmad Syed F. , Mokhtari Ali , Hesaroieh Iraj , Sperling Laurence S. , Ko Yi-An , Waller Edmund K. , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The underlying pathobiology of the paradoxical relationship between obesity and adverse outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. Our objective was to determine the association between obesity and circulating progenitor cell (CPC) counts—a measure of intrinsic regenerative capacity—in asymptomatic individuals and patients with CAD and its impact on the obesity paradox.

Approach and Results:

CPCs were enumerated by flow cytometry as CD45
med+
cells expressing CD34+, CD133+, and CXCR4+ epitopes in 672 asymptomatic individuals (50 years of age; 28% obese) and 1277 patients with CAD (66 years of age; 39% obese). The association between obesity and CPCs was analyzed using linear regression models. The association of obesity and CPCs with cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction events over 3.5-year follow-up in patients with CAD was studied using Cox models. Obesity was independently associated with 16% to 34% higher CPC counts (CD34+, CD34+/CD133+, and CD34+/CXCR4+) in asymptomatic individuals. This association was not attenuated by systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, or secretion but partly attenuated by cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. In patients with CAD, obesity was associated with 8% to 12% higher CPC counts and 30% lower risk of adverse outcomes. Compared with nonobese patients, only obese patients with high CPC counts (CD34+ cells ≥median, 1806 cells/mL) were at a lower risk (hazard ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.31–0.88]), whereas those with low counts (<median) were at a similar risk (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.48–1.15]).

Conclusions:
Obesity is associated with higher CPC counts. The obesity paradox of improved outcomes with obesity in CAD is limited to patients with intact regenerative capacity who have high CPC counts.
Peripheral Sonification by Means of Virtual Room Acoustics
Authors: Groß-Vogt Katharina , Weger Marian , Frank Matthias , Höldrich Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Peripheral interaction is a new approach to conveying information at the periphery of human attention in which sound is so far largely underrepresented. We report on two experiments that explore the concept of sonifying information by adding virtual reverberation to real-world room acoustics. First, to establish proof of concept, we used the consumption of electricity in a kitchen to control its reverberation in real time. The results of a second, in-home experiment showed that at least three levels of information can be conveyed to the listeners with this technique without disturbing a main task being performed simultaneously. This number may be increased for sonifications that are less critical.
A Machine Learning Application Based on Giorgio Morandi Still-Life Paintings to Assist Artists in the Choice of 3D Compositions
Authors: Salimbeni Guido , Fol Leymarie Frederic , Latham William 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors present a system built to generate arrangements of threedimensional models for aesthetic evaluation, with the aim being to support an artist in their creative process. The authors explore how this system can automatically generate aesthetically pleasing content for use in the media and design industry, based on standards originally developed in master artworks. They then demonstrate the effectiveness of their process in the context of paintings using a collection of images inspired by the work of the artist Giorgio Morandi (Bologna, 1890–1964). Finally, they compare the results of their system with the results of a well-known Generative Adversarial Network (GAN).
Hierarchical Dynamical Model for Multiple Cortical Neural Decoding
Authors: Liu Xi , Shen Xiang , Chen Shuhang , Zhang Xiang , Huang Yifan , Wang Yueming , Wang Yiwen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotor brain machine interfaces (BMIs) interpret neural activities from motor-related cortical areas in the brain into movement commands to control a prosthesis. As the subject adapts to control the neural prosthesis, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), upstream of the primary motor cortex (M1), is heavily involved in reward-guided motor learning. Thus, considering mPFC and M1 functionality within a hierarchical structure could potentially improve the effectiveness of BMI decoding while subjects are learning. The commonly used Kalman decoding method with only one simple state model may not be able to represent the multiple brain states that evolve over time as well as along the neural pathway. In addition, the performance of Kalman decoders degenerates in heavy-tailed nongaussian noise, which is usually generated due to the nonlinear neural system or influences of movement-related noise in online neural recording. In this letter, we propose a hierarchical model to represent the brain states from multiple cortical areas that evolve along the neural pathway. We then introduce correntropy theory into the hierarchical structure to address the heavy-tailed noise existing in neural recordings. We test the proposed algorithm on in vivo recordings collected from the mPFC and M1 of two rats when the subjects were learning to perform a lever-pressing task. Compared with the classic Kalman filter, our results demonstrate better movement decoding performance due to the hierarchical structure that integrates the past failed trial information over multisite recording and the combination with correntropy criterion to deal with noisy heavy-tailed neural recordings.
Effect of Bilateral Opercular Syndrome on Speech Perception
Authors: Walker Grant M. , Rollo Patrick Sarahan , Tandon Nitin , Hickok Gregory 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpeech perception ability and structural neuroimaging were investigated in two cases of bilateral opercular syndrome. Due to bilateral ablation of the motor control center for the lower face and surrounds, these rare cases provide an opportunity to evaluate the necessity of cortical motor representations for speech perception, a cornerstone of some neurocomputational theories of language processing. Speech perception, including audiovisual integration (i.e., the McGurk effect), was mostly unaffected in these cases, although verbal short-term memory impairment hindered performance on several tasks that are traditionally used to evaluate speech perception. The results suggest that the role of the cortical motor system in speech perception is context-dependent and supplementary, not inherent or necessary.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on an Israeli Acute Care Surgery Unit: Fewer Patients, More Disease
Authors: Maman Yossi , Lee Goldstein Adam , Neeman Uri , Lessing Yonatan , Orbach Lior , Sirhan Saad , Falk Ela , Lahat Guy 
Published: April 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed and affected every aspect of health care. Like any catastrophic event, the stress on hospitals to maintain a certain level of function is immense. Acute surgical pathologies cannot be prevented or curtailed; therefore, it is important to understand patterns and outcomes during catastrophes in order to optimize care and organize the health care system. Methods In a single urban tertiary care center, a retrospective study examined the first complete lockdown period of Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was compared to the same time period the previous year. Results During the pandemic, time to hospitalization was significantly decreased. There was also an overall reduction in surgical admissions yet with a higher percentage being hospitalized for further treatment (69.2% vs 23.5%). The patients admitted during this time had a higher APACHE-II score and Charlson comorbidity index score. During the pandemic, time to surgery was decreased, there were less laparoscopic procedures, and more RBC units were used per patient. There were no differences in overall complications, except when sub-analyzed for major complications (9.7% vs 6.3%). There was no significant difference in overall in-house mortality or morbidity. Length of hospitalization was significantly decreased in the elderly population during the pandemic. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, despite a significantly less number of patients presenting to the hospital, there was a higher percentage of those admitted needing surgical intervention, and they were overall sicker than the previous year.
Does Localization Technique Matter for Non-palpable Breast Cancers?
Authors: Chagpar Anees B. , Garcia-Cantu Carlos , Howard-McNatt Marissa M. , Gass Jennifer S. , Levine Edward A. , Chiba Akiko , Lum Sharon , Martinez Ricardo , Brown Eric , Dupont Elisabeth ,   on behalf of SHAVE2 authors
Published: April 2021

Background There are several techniques for localization of non-palpable breast tumors, but comparisons of these techniques in terms of margin positivity and volume of tissue resected are lacking. Methods Between 2011-2013 and 2016-2018, 2 randomized controlled trials involving 10 centers across the United States accrued 631 patients with stage 0-3 breast cancer, all of whom underwent breast conserving surgery. Of these, 522 had residual non-palpable tumors for which localization was required. The localization technique was left to the discretion of the individual surgeon. We compared margin positivity and volume of tissue resected between various localization techniques. Results The majority of the patients (n = 465; 89.1%) had wire localization (WL), 50 (9.6%) had radioactive seed (RS) localization, and 7 (1.3%) had Savi Scout (SS) localization. On bivariate analysis, there was no difference in terms of margin positivity (37.8% vs. 28.0% vs. 28.6%, P = .339) nor re-excision rates (13.3% vs. 12.0% vs. 14.3%, P = .961) for the WL, RS, and SS groups, respectively. Further, the volume of tissue removed was not significantly different between the 3 groups (71.9 cm3 vs. 55.8 cm3 vs. 86.6 cm3 for the WL, RS, and SS groups, respectively, P = .340). On multivariate analysis, margin status was affected by tumor size (OR = 1.336; 95% CI: 1.148-1.554, P<.001) but not by type of localization ( P = .670). Conclusions While there are a number of methods for tumor localization, choice of technique does not seem to influence volume of tissue resected nor margin status.
Religiosity as a moderator of ADHD-related antisocial behaviour and emotional distress among secular, religious and Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel
Authors: Novis-Deutsch Nurit , Dayan Haym , Pollak Yehuda , Khoury-Kassabri Mona 
Published: April 2021

Background: ADHD predicts higher levels of antisocial behaviour and distress while religiosity is related to lower levels of both. This raises the hitherto unexplored question of how these variables interact. Aims: The objective of this study was to explore how religious individuals with ADHD fare in terms of these psychosocial outcomes. Method: 806 secular, religious and Ultra-Orthodox Jewish adults in Israel completed measures of ADHD symptoms and treatment, emotional strengths and difficulties, religious belonging, religious behaviour and antisocial behaviour. Results: Findings supported an additive-interactive model in which religiosity (a) correlates with lower levels of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis, (b) directly relates to less antisocial behaviour and less distress and (c) moderates the negative effects of ADHD on antisocial behaviour and distress. Findings further suggest that religious observance rather than religious belonging drives most of the moderating effect of religiosity, while religious belonging rather than religious observance drives negative attitudes towards ADHD. Conclusions: Implications include the importance of treating religious individuals with ADHD in a more nuanced manner and of providing more information on ADHD to religious communities.
Exploring the impact of a complex intervention for women with depression in contexts of adversity: A pilot feasibility study of COURRAGE-plus in South Africa
Authors: Burgess Rochelle A , Jeske Niklas , Rasool Shahana , Ahmad Ayesha , Kydd Anna , Ncube Mlilo Ncazelo 
Published: April 2021

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide but is often undertreated in low- and middle-income countries. Reasons behind the treatment gap vary, but many highlight a lack of interventions which speak to the socio-economic and structural realties that are associated to mental health problems in many settings, including South Africa. The COURRAGE-PLUS intervention responds to this gap, by combining a collective narrative therapy (9 weeks) intervention, with a social intervention promoting group-led practical action against structural determinants of poor mental health (4 weeks), for a total of 13 sessions. The overall aim is to promote mental health, while empowering communities to acknowledge, and respond in locally meaningful ways to social adversity linked to development of mental distress. Aim: To pilot and evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention – COURRAGE-PLUS on symptoms of depression as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among a sample of women facing contexts of adversity in Gauteng, South Africa. Methods: PHQ-9 scores were assessed at baseline, post collective narrative therapy (midline), and post social intervention (endline). Median scores and corresponding interquartile ranges were computed for all time points. Differences in scores between time points were tested with a non-parametric Friedman test. The impact across symptom severities was compared descriptively to identify potential differences in impact across categories of symptom severity within our sample. Results: Participants’ ( n = 47) median depression score at baseline was 11 (IQR = 7) and reduced to 4 at midline (IQR = 7) to 0 at endline (IQR = 2.5). The Friedman test showed a statistically significant difference between depression scores across time points, [Formula: see text](2) = 49.29, p < .001. Median depression scores were reduced to 0 or 1 Post-Intervention across all four severity groups. Conclusions: COURRAGE-PLUS was highly effective at reducing symptoms of depression across the spectrum of severities in this sample of women facing adversity, in Gauteng, South Africa. Findings supports the need for larger trials to investigate collective narrative storytelling and social interventions as community-based interventions for populations experiencing adversity and mental distress.
Social Disorganization and Strain: Macro and Micro Implications for Youth Violence
Authors: Antunes Maria João Lobo , Manasse Michelle 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Explanations of community violence traditionally reflect a social disorganization perspective, suggesting that neighborhood characteristics affect crime via the intervening mechanism of informal social control. Drawing on Agnew’s Macro Strain Theory [MST], we argue that neighborhood characteristics 1) also affect macro-level crime for reasons related to aggregated strain and 2) condition the relationship between micro-level strains and individual violent offending. Methods: Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we conduct a series of multilevel models examining both the macro- and multi-level relationship between neighborhood characteristics, strain and youth violence. Findings: Results generally support our arguments, suggesting that neighborhood characteristics like concentrated disadvantage 1) remain associated with community violence even after adjusting for multiple measures of informal social control and 2) condition the association between micro-level strain and violent offending. Conclusions: Strain processes, at both the macro and micro-level, play a critical role in the well-established empirical relationship between structural disadvantage and violence. In light of results, community crime control policies should address the ways in which structural disadvantage increases motivation, rather than focusing exclusively on the ways in which it weakens informal social control.
Ultrasound criteria for lipedema diagnosis
Authors: Amato Alexandre Campos Moraes , Saucedo Dumitriu Zunino , Santos Keller da Silva , Benitti Daniel Augusto 
Published: April 2021

Background Lipedema is characterized by the deposition of abnormal fat in the lower and upper limbs bilaterally. It is a disease with high prevalence and genetic characteristics. Non-specific and non-quantified increases in the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue have previously been demonstrated using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Objectives To evaluate the thickness of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue in predetermined areas as a distinguishing feature between individuals with and without lipedema using ultrasound. Methods Ultrasound images of 89 female patients were analyzed, including patients undergoing clinical investigation for venous insufficiency or lipedema who underwent ultrasound evaluations at our institution. Patients were divided in two groups: with lipedema clinically diagnosed and those without lipedema. They underwent a common Doppler protocol for venous mapping to assess venous insufficiency associated with the evaluation of dermis and subcutaneous thickness at pre-defined points of the lower limbs. Results There were 63 patients with lipedema. Anterior thigh, pre-tibial and lateral aspect of the leg and supra-just medial malleolar region were significantly different. Supra-just medial malleolar region was significantly different with BMI above 25. An optimal cutoff value was calculated for the ultrasound diagnosis of lipedema using thickness of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Conclusions Studied criteria allow use of simple and reproducible ultrasound cutoff values to diagnose lipedema in the lower limbs. Pre-tibial region thickness measurement, followed by thigh and lateral leg thickness are recommended for the ultrasound diagnosis of lipedema.