bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass estimates derived from sector subsampling of 360° spherical images
Authors: Dai Xiao , Ducey Mark J , Wang Haozhou , Yang Ting-Ru , Hsu Yung-Han , Ogilvie Jae , Kershaw John A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Efficient subsampling designs reduce forest inventory costs by focusing sampling efforts on more variable forest attributes. Sector subsampling is an efficient and accurate alternative to big basal area factor (big BAF) sampling to estimate the mean basal area to biomass ratio. In this study, we apply sector subsampling of spherical images to estimate aboveground biomass and compare our image-based estimates with field data collected from three early spacing trials on western Newfoundland Island in eastern Canada. The results show that sector subsampling of spherical images produced increased sampling errors of 0.3–3.4 per cent with only about 60 trees measured across 30 spherical images compared with about 4000 trees measured in the field. Photo-derived basal area was underestimated because of occluded trees; however, we implemented an additional level of subsampling, collecting field-based basal area counts, to correct for bias due to occluded trees. We applied Bruce’s formula for standard error estimation to our three-level hierarchical subsampling scheme and showed that Bruce’s formula is generalizable to any dimension of hierarchical subsampling. Spherical images are easily and quickly captured in the field using a consumer-grade 360° camera and sector subsampling, including all individual tree measurements, were obtained using a custom-developed python software package. The system is an efficient and accurate photo-based alternative to field-based big BAF subsampling.
A decade post-HITECH: Critical access hospitals have electronic health records but struggle to keep up with other advanced functions
Authors: Apathy Nate C , Holmgren A Jay , Adler-Milstein Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Despite broad electronic health record (EHR) adoption in U.S. hospitals, there is concern that an “advanced use” digital divide exists between critical access hospitals (CAHs) and non-CAHs. We measured EHR adoption and advanced use over time to analyzed changes in the divide.

Materials and Methods
We used 2008 to 2018 American Hospital Association Information Technology survey data to update national EHR adoption statistics. We stratified EHR adoption by CAH status and measured advanced use for both patient engagement (PE) and clinical data analytics (CDA) domains. We used a linear probability regression for each domain with year-CAH interactions to measure temporal changes in the relationship between CAH status and advanced use.

Results
In 2018, 98.3% of hospitals had adopted EHRs; there were no differences by CAH status. A total of 58.7% and 55.6% of hospitals adopted advanced PE and CDA functions, respectively. In both domains, CAHs were less likely to be advanced users: 46.6% demonstrated advanced use for PE and 32.0% for CDA. Since 2015, the advanced use divide has persisted for PE and widened for CDA.

Discussion
EHR adoption among hospitals is essentially ubiquitous; however, CAHs still lag behind in advanced use functions critical to improving care quality. This may be rooted in different advanced use needs among CAH patients and lack of access to technical expertise.

Conclusions
The advanced use divide prevents CAH patients from benefitting from a fully digitized healthcare system. To close the widening gap in CDA, policymakers should consider partnering with vendors to develop implementation guides and standards for functions like dashboards and high-risk patient identification algorithms to better support CAH adoption.
Year 1 of the ZTF high-cadence Galactic plane survey: strategy, goals, and early results on new single-mode hot subdwarf B-star pulsators
Authors: Kupfer Thomas , Prince Thomas A , van Roestel Jan , Bellm Eric C , Bildsten Lars , Coughlin Michael W , Drake Andrew J , Graham Matthew J , Klein Courtney , Kulkarni Shrinivas R , Masci Frank J , Walters Richard , Andreoni Igor , Biswas Rahul , Bradshaw Corey , Duev Dmitry A , Dekany Richard , Guidry Joseph A , Hermes J J , Laher Russ R , Riddle Reed 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the goals, strategy, and first results of the high-cadence Galactic plane survey using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). The goal of the survey is to unveil the Galactic population of short-period variable stars, including short-period binaries, and stellar pulsators with periods less than a few hours. Between 2018 June and 2019 January, we observed 64 ZTF fields resulting in 2990 deg2 of high stellar density in the ZTF-r band along the Galactic plane. Each field was observed continuously for 1.5 to 6 h with a cadence of 40 sec. Most fields have between 200 and 400 observations obtained over 2–3  continuous nights. As part of this survey, we extract a total of ≈230 million individual objects with at least 80 epochs obtained during the high-cadence Galactic plane survey reaching an average depth of ZTF–r ≈ 20.5 mag. For four selected fields with 2–10 million individual objects per field, we calculate different variability statistics and find that ≈1–2  per cent of the objects are astrophysically variable over the observed period. We present a progress report on recent discoveries, including a new class of compact pulsators, the first members of a new class of Roche lobe filling hot subdwarf binaries as well as new ultracompact double white dwarfs and flaring stars. Finally, we present a sample of 12 new single-mode hot subdwarf B-star pulsators with pulsation amplitudes between ZTF–r = 20–76 mmag and pulsation periods between P = 5.8–16 min with a strong cluster of systems with periods ≈6 min. All of the data have now been released in either ZTF Data Release 3 or Data Release 4.
The origin of metal-poor stars on prograde disc orbits in FIRE simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies
Authors: Santistevan Isaiah B , Wetzel Andrew , Sanderson Robyn E , El-Badry Kareem , Samuel Jenna , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
In hierarchical structure formation, metal-poor stars in and around the Milky Way (MW) originate primarily from mergers of lower mass galaxies. A common expectation is therefore that metal-poor stars should have isotropic, dispersion-dominated orbits that do not correlate strongly with the MW disc. However, recent observations of stars in the MW show that metal-poor ($\rm {[Fe/H]}\lesssim -2$) stars are preferentially on prograde orbits with respect to the disc. Using the Feedback In Realistic Environments 2 (FIRE-2) suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations of MW/M31-mass galaxies, we investigate the prevalence and origin of prograde metal-poor stars. Almost all (11 of 12) of our simulations have metal-poor stars on preferentially prograde orbits today and throughout most of their history: we thus predict that this is a generic feature of MW/M31-mass galaxies. The typical prograde-to-retrograde ratio is ∼2:1, which depends weakly on stellar metallicity at $\rm {[Fe/H]}\lesssim -1$. These trends predicted by our simulations agree well with MW observations. Prograde metal-poor stars originate largely from a single Large/Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC/SMC)-mass gas-rich merger $7\!-\!12.5\, \rm {Gyr}$ ago, which deposited existing metal-poor stars and significant gas on an orbital vector that sparked the formation of and/or shaped the orientation of a long-lived stellar disc, giving rise to a prograde bias for all low-metallicity stars. We find subdominant contributions from in situ stars formed in the host galaxy before this merger, and in some cases, additional massive mergers. We find few clear correlations between any properties of our MW/M31-mass galaxies at z = 0 and the degree of this prograde bias as a result of diverse merger scenarios.
STARFORGE: Towards a comprehensive numerical model of star cluster formation and feedback
Authors: Grudić Michael Y , Guszejnov Dávid , Hopkins Philip F , Offner Stella S R , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present STARFORGE (STAR FORmation in Gaseous Environments): a new numerical framework for 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of star formation that simultaneously follow the formation, accretion, evolution, and dynamics of individual stars in massive giant molecular clouds (GMCs), while accounting for stellar feedback, including jets, radiative heating and momentum, stellar winds, and supernovae. We use the gizmo code with the MFM mesh-free Lagrangian MHD method, augmented with new algorithms for gravity, time-stepping, sink particle formation and accretion, stellar dynamics, and feedback coupling. We survey a wide range of numerical parameters/prescriptions for sink formation and accretion and find very small variations in star formation history and the IMF (except for intentionally unphysical variations). Modules for mass-injecting feedback (winds, SNe, and jets) inject new gas elements on the fly, eliminating the lack of resolution in diffuse feedback cavities otherwise inherent in Lagrangian methods. The treatment of radiation uses GIZMO’s radiative transfer solver to track five frequency bands (IR, optical, NUV, FUV, ionizing), coupling direct stellar emission and dust emission with gas heating and radiation pressure terms. We demonstrate accurate solutions for SNe, winds, and radiation in problems with known similarity solutions, and show that our jet module is robust to resolution and numerical details, and agrees well with previous AMR simulations. STARFORGE can scale up to massive (&gt;105 M⊙) GMCs on current supercomputers while predicting the stellar (≳0.1 M⊙) range of the IMF, permitting simulations of both high- and low-mass cluster formation in a wide range of conditions.
What can be learned from a proto-neutron star’s mass and radius?
Authors: Préau E , Pascal A , Novak J , Oertel M 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We make extensive numerical studies of masses and radii of proto-neutron stars during the first second after their birth in core-collapse supernova events. We use a quasi-static approach for the computation of proto-neutron star structure, built on parametrized entropy and electron fraction profiles, that are then evolved with neutrino cooling processes. We vary the equation of state of nuclear matter, the proto-neutron star mass, and the parameters of the initial profiles, to take into account our ignorance of the supernova progenitor properties. Our results suggest that if masses and radii of a proto-neutron star can be determined in the first second after the birth, e.g. from gravitational wave emission, no information could be obtained on the corresponding cold neutron star and therefore on the cold nuclear equation of state. Similarly, it seems unlikely that any property of the proto-neutron star equation of state (hot and not beta-equilibrated) could be determined either, mostly due to the lack of information on the entropy, or equivalently temperature, distribution in such objects.
Deep learning Blazar classification based on multifrequency spectral energy distribution data
Authors: Fraga Bernardo M O , Barres de Almeida Ulisses , Bom Clécio R , Brandt Carlos H , Giommi Paolo , Schubert Patrick , de Albuquerque Márcio P 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Blazars are among the most studied sources in high-energy astrophysics as they form the largest fraction of extragalactic gamma-ray sources and are considered prime candidates for being the counterparts of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Their reliable identification amid the many faint radio sources is a crucial step for multimessenger counterpart associations. As the astronomical community prepares for the coming of a number of new facilities able to survey the non-thermal sky at unprecedented depths, from radio to gamma-rays, machine-learning techniques for fast and reliable source identification are ever more relevant. The purpose of this work was to develop a deep learning architecture to identify Blazar within a population of active galactic nucleus (AGN) based solely on non-contemporaneous spectral energy distribution information, collected from publicly available multifrequency catalogues. This study uses an unprecedented amount of data, with spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for ≈14 000 sources collected with the Open Universe VOU-Blazars tool. It uses a convolutional long short-term memory neural network purposefully built for the problem of SED classification, which we describe in detail and validate. The network was able to distinguish Blazars from other types of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to a satisfying degree (achieving a receiver operating characteristic area under curve of 0.98), even when trained on a reduced subset of the whole sample. This initial study does not attempt to classify Blazars among their different sub-classes, or quantify the likelihood of any multifrequency or multimessenger association, but is presented as a step towards these more practically oriented applications.
Systematic search for long-term transit duration changes inKeplertransiting planets
Authors: Shahaf Sahar , Mazeh Tsevi , Zucker Shay , Fabrycky Daniel 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTHolczer, Mazeh, and collaborators (HM+16) used the Kepler 4-yr observations to derive a transit-timing catalog, identifying 260 Kepler objects of interest (KOI) with significant transit timing variations (TTV). For KOIs with high enough S/Ns, HM+16 also derived the duration and depth of their transits. In this work, we use the duration measurements of HM+16 to systematically study the duration changes of 561 KOIs and identify 15 KOIs with a significant long-term linear change of transit durations and another 16 KOIs with an intermediate significance. We show that the observed linear trend is probably caused by a precession of the orbital plane of the transiting planet, induced in most cases by another planet. The leading term of the precession rate depends on the mass and relative inclination of the perturber, and the period ratio between the two orbits, but not on the mass and period of the transiting planet itself. Interestingly, our findings indicate that, as a sample, the detected time derivatives of the durations get larger as a function of the planetary orbital period, probably because short-period planetary systems display small relative inclinations. The results might indicate that short-period planets reside in relatively flattened planetary systems, suggesting these systems experienced stronger dissipation either when formed or when migrated to short orbits. This should be used as a possible clue for the formation of such systems.
Managing the first 120 min of cardiogenic shock: from resuscitation to diagnosis
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C. , Tabi Meir , Burstein Barry 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Cardiogenic shock continues to carry a high mortality, and recent randomized trials have not identified novel therapies that improve survival. Early optimization of patients with confirmed or suspected cardiogenic shock is crucial, as patients can quickly transition from a hemodynamic shock state to a treatment-resistant hemometabolic shock state, where accumulated metabolic derangements trigger a self-perpetuating cycle of worsening shock.

Recent findings
We describe a structured ABCDE approach involving stabilization of the airway, breathing and circulation, followed by damage control and etiologic assessment. Respiratory failure is common and many cardiogenic shock patients require invasive mechanical ventilation. Norepinephrine is titrated to restore mean arterial pressure and dobutamine is titrated to restore cardiac output and organ perfusion. Echocardiography is essential to identify potential causes and characterize the phenotype of cardiogenic shock. Coronary angiography is usually indicated, particularly when acute myocardial ischemia is suspected, followed by culprit-vessel revascularization if indicated. An invasive hemodynamic assessment can clarify whether temporary mechanical circulatory support is necessary.

Summary
Early stabilization of hemodynamics and end-organ function is necessary to achieve best outcomes in cardiogenic shock. Using a structured approach tailored to initial cardiogenic shock resuscitation may help to demonstrate benefit from novel therapies in the future.
Diurnal rhythms and obesity
Authors: Paschos Georgios K. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
This review will discuss the recent studies that implicate disturbed diurnal rhythms with the development of obesity. The second part of the review will discuss studies that use feeding time to restore diurnal rhythms and rescue obesity.

Recent findings
Studies in patients with obesity and diabetes reveal attenuated circadian and metabolic rhythms in adipose tissue. The use of animal models furthers our mechanistic insight on how environmental disturbances such as high-fat diet and shift work disturb circadian and metabolic rhythms. Studies in both animals and humans describe how disturbance of diurnal rhythms can lead to increased adiposity and obesity. The effects of time-restricted feeding in animals and the time of feeding in humans provide new evidence on how restoring diurnal rhythms can reverse adiposity and obesity.

Summary
Many more studies in humans were performed in recent years to confirm a number of findings from animal studies. It is becoming apparent that the time of feeding and maintaining a healthy daily schedule is important for metabolic health. Ongoing studies may soon improve current recommendations regarding the time of eating and time of day behavior.
Bone accrual in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Weber David R. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Skeletal fragility is now recognized as a significant complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Many patients with T1D develop the disease in childhood and prior to the attainment of peak bone mass and strength. This manuscript will review recent studies investigating the effects of T1D on skeletal development.

Recent findings
Mild-to-moderate deficits in bone density, structure, and mineral accrual were reported early in the course of T1D in some but not all studies. Childhood-onset disease was associated with a more severe skeletal phenotype in some adult studies. Lower than expected bone mass for muscle size was been described. Hemoglobin A1c was negatively associated with bone density and structure in several studies, though the mechanism was not clear.

Summary
The use of advanced imaging techniques has shown that the adverse effects of T1D on the developing skeleton extend beyond bone density to include abnormalities in bone size, shape, microarchitecture, and strength. Despite these gains, a uniform understanding of the pathophysiology underlying skeletal fragility in this disorder remains elusive. Longitudinal studies, especially in association with interventions to reduce hyperglycemia or improve muscle strength, are needed to inform bone healthcare in T1D.
The prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Jahrreiss Victoria , Laukhtina Ekaterina , D’Andrea David , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Sarcopenia is known to affect perioperative and oncologic outcomes in patients with different urological malignancies. Nevertheless, the use of pretreatment sarcopenia as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer is still poorly studied. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review summarizing the available evidence and identifying the prognostic value of sarcopenia in prostate cancer patients.

Recent findings
Sarcopenia was not predictive of biochemical recurrence in patients treated with radical prostatectomy. However, it was associated with worse long-term survival outcomes as well as the likelihood of developing postoperative complications after radical prostatectomy. In the context of radiotherapy, sarcopenia was a predictive factor for overall survival. In patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation, sarcopenia was associated with overall and cancer-specific survival. In patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, sarcopenia was associated with poorer tolerance to docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

Summary
Most studies found sarcopenia to be a predictor for worse perioperative and oncologic outcomes in patients treated with radical surgery, radiotherapy, or systemic therapy for prostate cancer. However, there is significant heterogeneity across the studies in terms of sarcopenia definition. For a better understanding of the prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with prostate cancer, large-scale prospective studies are needed.
Association between male infertility and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Laukhtina Ekaterina , Mori Keiichiro , Pradere Benjamin , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Male infertility has been shown to be associated with different maladies. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available evidence on the association between male infertility or childlessness and prostate cancer.

Recent findings
The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared males with known infertility or childlessness to the control group including fertile males with regards to the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Overall, ten studies met our eligibility criteria. Three studies found that infertility was associated with higher risk of prostate cancer, four studies – with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, and three studies found no association. The forest plot revealed that infertility was not associated with prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–2.54; P = 0.5). Infertility was not associated with high (OR: 1.44, 95% CI 0.54–3.83; P = 0.5) or low (OR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.43–2.27; P = 0.9) grade prostate cancer.

Summary
Infertility or childlessness were not associated with the risk of prostate cancer. The significant heterogeneity between the included studies supports the need for more granular research to guide/fine tune early detection guidelines based on fertility.
COVID-19 crisis and minimally invasive surgery: a narrative review on intraoperative aerosol viral transmission and their impact on guidelines and clinical practice in Austria
Authors: Mun Dong-Ho , Pradere Benjamin , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Yurdakul Ozan , Remzi Mesut 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the risk of intraoperative aerosol viral transmission and the impact of updated COVID-19 guidelines on minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in Austria.

Recent findings
The current literature does not support the risk of intraoperative viral transmission nor does it suggest a harm of minimally invasive procedures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, medical societies mostly adopted a precautionary approach with a focus on protective measures. Austrian surgeons considered MIS safe during the pandemic and Austria managed to keep the initial outbreak in control. Yet, MIS programs were still affected due to the postponements of elective procedures and switches to other methods by some surgeons.

Summary
The postponement and cancellation of MIS caused complexities in health-care delivery in Austria, whilst the evidence to substantiate this precautionary approach is missing. It must be noted, both the guidelines and our review are limited by the scarcity of evidence. In further consequence, regional factors should be considered while taking precautions. Specific studies on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 transmission risk during MIS are urgently needed.