bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular diagnostics in drug‐resistant focal epilepsy define new disease entities
Authors: Kobow Katja , Baulac Stéphanie , von Deimling Andreas , Lee Jeong Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStructural brain lesions, including the broad range of malformations of cortical development (MCD) and glioneuronal tumors, are among the most common causes of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. Epilepsy surgery can provide a curative treatment option in respective patients. The currently available pre‐surgical multi‐modal diagnostic armamentarium includes high‐ and ultra‐high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intracerebral EEG to identify a focal structural brain lesion as epilepsy underlying etiology. However, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing the type of lesion have proven to be limited. Moreover, the diagnostic process does not stop with the decision for surgery. The neuropathological diagnosis remains the gold standard for disease classification and patient stratification, but is particularly complex with high inter‐observer variability. Here, the identification of lesion‐specific mosaic variants together with epigenetic profiling of lesional brain tissue became new tools to more reliably identify disease entities. In this review, we will discuss how the paradigm shifts from histopathology toward an integrated diagnostic approach in cancer and the more recent development of the DNA methylation‐based brain tumor classifier have started to influence epilepsy diagnostics. Some examples will be highlighted showing how the diagnosis and our mechanistic understanding of difficult to classify structural brain lesions associated with focal epilepsy has improved with molecular genetic data being considered in decision making.
Does Early Child Language Predict Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence? An Investigation in Two Birth Cohorts Born 30 Years Apart
Authors: Thornton Emma , Patalay Praveetha , Matthews Danielle , Bannard Colin 
Published: July 2021

Language is vital for social interaction, leading some to suggest early linguistic ability paves the way for good adolescent mental health. The relation between age‐5 vocabulary and adolescent internalizing symptoms was examined in two U.K. birth cohorts that are nationally representative in terms of sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status: the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS; N = 11,640) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS born ~2001; N = 14,754). In the BCS, no relation between receptive vocabulary and age‐16 self‐reported symptoms was observed (β = 0.00 [−0.03; 0.03]). In the MCS, better expressive vocabulary was associated with more age‐14 self‐reported symptoms (β = 0.05 [0.02; 0.07]). The direction of this effect was reversed for parent‐reported symptoms. All effect sizes were small. The relation between childhood vocabulary and internalizing symptoms varies by generation and reporter.
Magnitude and Order are Both Relevant in SNARC and SNARC‐like Effects: A Commentary on Casasanto and Pitt (2019)
Authors: Prpic Valter , Mingolo Serena , Agostini Tiziano , Murgia Mauro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper by Casasanto and Pitt (2019), the authors addressed a debate regarding the role of order and magnitude in SNARC and SNARC‐like effects. Their position is that all these effects can be explained by order, while magnitude could only account for a subset of evidence. Although we agree that order can probably explain the majority of these effects, in this commentary we argue that magnitude is still relevant, since there is evidence that cannot be explained based on ordinality alone. We argue that SNARC‐like effects can occur for magnitudes not clearly characterized by overlearned ordinality and that magnitude can prevail on order, when the two are pitted against each other. Finally, we propose that different interpretations of the role of order and magnitude depend on the interaction of stimulus properties and task demands.
Understanding the local drivers of beta‐diversity patterns under climate change: The case of seaweed communities in Galicia, North West of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Vale Cândida Gomes , Arenas Francisco , Barreiro Rodolfo , Piñeiro‐Corbeira Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo understand spatial‐temporal changes (beta‐diversity) in coastal communities and their drivers in the context of climate change. Coastal ecosystems are extremely exposed and dynamic, where changes in seaweed assemblages have been associated with changing water temperatures. However, at local scale, the effects of changes in the upwelling events and related stressors seek further exploration.LocationGalicia rías, North West of the Iberian Peninsula.MethodsUsing data collected in 42 sampling localities in Galicia rias and over two time periods (1998 and 2014), we analysed changes in the seaweed community's composition through time and space. We calculated the temporal beta‐diversity index and spatial beta‐diversity as the pairwise composition differences between sampling localities. We use generalized dissimilarity models, to identify local environmental drivers of spatial and temporal beta‐diversity.ResultsWe found a significant change in seaweed communities of Galicia rias, between 1998 and 2014 (temporal beta‐diversity). They were mostly related to species loss rather than to species replacement. The dissimilarity among localities (spatial beta‐diversity) was significantly higher in 2014 than in 1998. Nitrate concentration was consistently predicted as the main driver of both temporal and spatial beta‐diversity patterns.Main conclusionsUnlike other studies in marine ecosystems, our results suggest that observed changes in the structure of perennial seaweed assemblages in Galicia Rias might lead to a local biotic heterogenization, indirectly linked to climate change through changes in nutrients availability and the upwelling intensity. Changes in Galicia seaweed communities call scientific attention to the importance of local stressors in climate change studies.
Exposure to sugarcane borer‐induced plant volatile (E)‐caryophyllene enhances parasitoid recruitment
Authors: Riffel Alessandro , da Silva Filho Benisio F. , dos Santos Sanielly P. A. , da Silva Wbyratan L. , Ribeiro Thyago F. L. , Oliveira Demetrios J. A. , de Oliveira Jaim Simões , da Costa Joao Gomes , Caulfield John C. , Goulart Henrique F. , Santana Antonio E. G. , Birkett Michael A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredators and parasitoids locate herbivore‐infested plants via detection of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that are released in response to pest damage. Synthetic HIPVs have been proposed as tools to enhance the biological control of crop pests. The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a key herbivore pest of sugarcane, Saccharum spp. (Poaceae), in the Americas. To manage D. saccharalis in Brazil, more than 3 million ha of sugarcane have been treated with the larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In this study, the role of sugarcane HIPVs as cues in the host‐finding process of C. flavipes was investigated using a combination of dynamic headspace collection, chemical analysis, and laboratory behavior experiments. Comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected from D. saccharalis‐damaged and healthy sugarcane revealed very similar profiles, apart from significantly higher levels of the sesquiterpene (E)‐caryophyllene released from damaged plants. Naive female C. flavipes spent significantly more time in the olfactometer arm containing VOCs from D. saccharalis‐damaged plants but showed no preference for VOCs from healthy plants. When (E)‐caryophyllene was added to VOCs from healthy plants, parasitoids spent more time in the arm containing the combined treatment. Furthermore, in a dose–response experiment with synthetic (E)‐caryophyllene, naive parasitoids preferred the compound across a dose range of 3–300 ng, and experienced parasitoids – preexposed to (E)‐caryophyllene – responded to doses of (E)‐caryophyllene as low as 0.03 ng. These results suggest that C. flavipes can use (E)‐caryophyllene as a cue to locate D. saccharalis‐infested sugarcane plants. Moreover, experienced females appear to respond to lower doses than naive females. These results potentially pave the way for increasing the efficiency of C. flavipes in biological control of D. saccharalis, the most important pest of sugarcane and maize crops in the Western Hemisphere, and also a major pest of rice and sorghum crops.
Testing for evolutionary change in restoration: A genomic comparison between ex situ, native, and commercial seed sources of Helianthus maximiliani
Authors: Braasch Joseph E. , Di Santo Lionel N. , Tarble Zachary J. , Prasifka Jarrad R. , Hamilton Jill A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlobally imperiled ecosystems often depend upon collection, propagation, and storage of seed material for use in restoration. However, during the restoration process demographic changes, population bottlenecks, and selection can alter the genetic composition of seed material, with potential impacts for restoration success. The evolutionary outcomes associated with these processes have been demonstrated using theoretical and experimental frameworks, but no study to date has examined their impact on the seed material maintained for conservation and restoration. In this study, we compare genomic variation across seed sources used in conservation and restoration for the perennial prairie plant Helianthus maximiliani, a key component of restorations across North American grasslands. We compare individuals sourced from contemporary wild populations, ex situ conservation collections, commercially produced restoration material, and two populations selected for agronomic traits. Overall, we observed that ex situ and contemporary wild populations exhibited similar genomic composition, while four of five commercial populations and selected lines were differentiated from each other and other seed source populations. Genomic differences across seed sources could not be explained solely by isolation by distance nor directional selection. We did find evidence of sampling effects for ex situ collections, which exhibited significantly increased coancestry relative to commercial populations, suggesting increased relatedness. Interestingly, commercially sourced seed appeared to maintain an increased number of rare alleles relative to ex situ and wild contemporary seed sources. However, while commercial seed populations were not genetically depauperate, the genomic distance between wild and commercially produced seed suggests differentiation in the genomic composition could impact restoration success. Our results point toward the importance of genetic monitoring of seed sources used for conservation and restoration as they are expected to be influenced by the evolutionary processes that contribute to divergence during the restoration process.
COVID‐19 disruption reveals mass‐tourism pressure on nearshore sea turtle distributions and access to optimal breeding habitat
Authors: Schofield Gail , Dickson Liam C. D. , Westover Lucy , Dujon Antoine M. , Katselidis Kostas A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantifying the extent to which animals detect and respond to human presence allows us to identify pressure (disturbance) and inform conservation management objectively; however, obtaining baselines against which to compare human impact is hindered in areas where human activities are already well established. For example, Zakynthos Island (Greece, Mediterranean) receives around 850,000 visitors each summer, while supporting an important loggerhead sea turtle rookery (~300 individuals/season). The coronavirus (COVID‐19)‐driven absence of tourism in May–June 2020 provided an opportunity to evaluate the distribution dynamics of this population in the absence (2020) vs. presence (2018 and 2019) of visitors using programmed unmanned aerial system (UAS) surveys. Ambient sea temperature transitioned from suboptimal for breeding in May to optimal in late June, with turtle distribution appearing to shift from shallow (to benefit from waters 3–5°C above ambient) to deeper waters in 2018 and 2019, but not 2020. The 2020 data set demonstrated that increased tourism pressure, not temperature, drives turtles offshore. Specifically, >50% of turtles remained within 100 m of shore at densities of 25–50 visitors/km, even when sea temperature rose, with 2018 and 2019 data supporting this trend. Reduced access to warmer, nearshore waters by tourism could delay the onset of nesting and increase the length of the egg maturation period between nesting events (internesting interval) at this site. A coastal refuge zone could be delimited in May–June where touristic infrastructure is minimal, but also where turtles frequently aggregate. In conclusion, sea turtles appear capable of perceiving changes in the level of human pressure at fine spatial and temporal scales and adjusting their distribution accordingly.
Oral hypofunction and malnutrition among community—dwelling older adults: Evidence from the Otassha study
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Motokawa Keiko , Watanabe Yutaka , Shirobe Maki , Ohara Yuki , Edahiro Ayako , Kawai Hisashi , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Kim Hunkyung , Ihara Kazushige , Obuchi Shuichi , Hirano Hirohiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the association between oral hypofunction and malnutrition among community‐dwelling older adults.BackgroundOral hypofunction, a 7‐component phenotype of the clinical features of oral health, has been described in Japan. Data about its association with nutritional status are limited.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 715 adults (mean age, 73.5 years; range, 65‐91 years) from the Otassha Study. Oral hypofunction was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the following 7 components: poor oral hygiene; oral dryness; low occlusal force; low articulatory oral motor skill; low tongue pressure; low masticatory performance; and compromised swallowing function. The Mini Nutritional Assessment®‐Short Form (MNA®‐SF) was used to assess the nutritional status. Malnutrition was defined as having an MNA®‐SF score of seven or less. The association between oral hypofunction and nutritional status was evaluated using ordinal logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence rates of oral hypofunction and malnutrition were 42.7% and 4.1%, respectively. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses revealed that oral hypofunction was associated with malnutrition. The adjusted relative risk of malnutrition in the study participants with oral hypofunction was 3.00 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.29‐6.98.ConclusionCommunity‐dwelling older adults whose oral functions were compromised in multiple aspects had poor nutritional status.
Perioperative changes in physical performance affect short‐term outcome in elderly cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Morisawa Tomoyuki , Saitoh Masakazu , Otsuka Shota , Takamura Go , Tahara Masayuki , Ochi Yusuke , Takahashi Yo , Iwata Kentaro , Oura Keisuke , Sakurada Koji , Takahashi Tetsuya 
Published: July 2021

AimThe effect of changes in physical performance during the perioperative period on the prognosis of older patients undergoing cardiac surgery has not been studied in detail. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perioperative changes in physical performance on the prognosis of older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 223 patients were graded as either frail or non‐frail according to a cutoff score of 9 based on preoperative Short Physical Performance Battery scores. The non‐frail patients were further grouped into high, recovery, or decreased score groups, depending on their score at the time of discharge compared with preoperative scores. Basic characteristics, preoperative and postoperative clinical data, 6‐month post‐discharge mortality, readmission rates, and vital function (Kihon Checklist scores) were compared.ResultsIn total, 16.1% of patients were in the frail group, while 18.4%, 35.4%, and 30.1% were in the decreased, recovery, and high score groups, respectively. The Short Physical Performance Battery scores in the decreased group were significantly lower at discharge, and the rate of readmission was significantly higher (17.7%, P < 0.05). In addition, the Kihon Checklist scores were significantly lower than the preoperative scores (5.7 ± 4.0 vs 8.6 ± 5.5, P < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth preoperative and postoperative physical performance must be considered when predicting the prognosis of older patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 676–682.
Baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) correlate with advanced stages in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Di Raimondo Cosimo , Caposiena Caro Raffaele Dante , Spallone Diana , Silvaggio Dionisio , Lombardo Paolo , Del Duca Ester , Campione Elena , Spallone Giulia , Bianchi Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) at diagnosis have been shown to correlate with advanced disease and to be prognostic factors in many tumors. However, their role as a prognostic factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has not yet been studied.ObjectiveTherefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation of NLR and RDW with stages of disease in patients with cSCC in order to define whether or not higher values of these two markers correlate with a more aggressive disease.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the NLR and RDW in a total of 51 newly diagnosed cSCC patients. NLR and RDW were calculated using data obtained from the complete blood count (CBC).ResultsMedian NLR among patients with the non‐advanced disease (in situ and stage I) was 2.2, whereas median NLR for patients with advanced disease was 4.87. Median RDW among patients with early stage disease was 13.7%, while median RDW in patients with advanced disease was 15.81%. Statistical analysis showed positive associations of advanced cSCC stages with NLR or RDW higher than 3.07 or 14.5%, respectively.ConclusionsTherefore, our analysis demonstrated how both NLR and RDW represent cheap and easily available factors that could be used as markers for advanced cSCC. They could help to identify patients with advanced stages disease that requires a strict follow‐up.
Respecting Agency in Dementia Care: When Should Truthfulness Give Way?
Authors: Matthews Steve , Kennett Jeanette 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTMemory loss and other cognitive decline threaten people's capacities to make sense of the world and their position within it. In Alzheimer's Disease (AD), such losses occur when the desire to make sense of the experienced world remains. When this desire cannot be satisfied, confusion, agitation, or anger may result. In these situations, a resolution aiming at the truth is not guaranteed to work, and may even exacerbate a difficult situation, since losses to sense making may damage even the receptivity to it. When the truth is out of reach in this way, the aim ought to be instead to create the conditions of proper fit – a fit that is intelligible – between current experience, self‐image, and a world that makes sense. We argue that this aim rests on what we call the demand for sense‐making, a demand that arises for all of us where respect for agency is at stake, and especially so in AD, when it is under threat.
Evolution of sex‐specific heat stress tolerance and larval Hsp70 expression in populations of Drosophila melanogaster adapted to larval crowding
Authors: Kapila Rohit , Kashyap Mayank , Gulati Aakanksha , Narasimhan Aaditya , Poddar Soumyadip , Mukhopadhaya Arunika , Prasad Nagaraj Guru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ability to tolerate temperature stress is an important component of adult fitness. In holometabolous insects like Drosophila melanogaster, adult stress resistance can be affected by growth conditions experienced during the larval stages. Although evolution under crowded larval conditions is known to lead to the correlated evolution of many adult traits, its consequences on adult heat stress tolerance have not been investigated. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the adult heat stress tolerance in populations of D. melanogaster adapted to a stressful larval crowding environment. We used replicate populations of D. melanogaster, selected for adaptation to larval crowding stress (MCUs), for more than 230 generations, and their respective controls (MBs). Larvae from selected and control populations were grown under crowded and uncrowded conditions, and their adult heat shock resistance at two different temperatures was measured. Further, we compared Hsp70 expression in crowded and uncrowded larvae of both populations and also measured the Hsp70 expression after a mild heat treatment in adults of selected and control populations. Our results showed that adaptation to larval crowding leads to the evolution of Hsp70 gene expression in larval stages and improves adult heat stress tolerance ability in males, but not in females.
A fully digital approach for implant fixed complete dentures: A case report
Authors: Meneghetti Priscila , Moura Guilherme Faria , Tavelli Lorenzo , Li Junying , Siqueira Rafael , Wang Hom‐Lay , Mendonça Gustavo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductions: Intraoral scanner has been widely used for implant impression in partially edentulous cases; however, its accuracy in the impression of full‐arch implant is still questionable.Clinical report: This clinical report presents a technique to check the accuracy of intraoral scanning for complete‐arch implant restorations using an implant index cast (The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 9th Edition) and a three‐dimensional printed cast. A clinical case of immediate loading on a maxillary edentulous patient illustrates the application of an implant index cast in implant fixed complete dentures (IFCDs).Discussion: The implant index cast was fabricated based on the immediate interim prosthesis and provides effective control of the fit of scanned files and printed models. Therefore, this approach allows a more predictable and accurate fit of the final prosthesis.Clinical significanceIn this article, we present a technique to check the accuracy of the final prosthesis without the need for a conventional impression and final cast in a digital workflow. This proposed approach is demonstrated through a case report of a maxillary edentulous patient restored with immediate loaded IFCDs.