bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air transport, economic growth, and regional inequality across three Chinese macro‐regions
Authors: Wong David Wai‐Ho , Zhao Simon Xiao‐Bin , Lee Harry Fung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research considers the effects of air transport on economic growth and asks how airport development affects regional convergence across three Chinese macro‐regions. A growing body of research has examined national aviation‐growth relationships in developing countries over the last decade. Yet few studies have sought to determine whether air transport boosts regional development, especially in developing and emerging economies. Using a dataset spanning from 2005 to 2017, and drawing on panel data regression and instrumental variable analyses, we provide empirical evidence that air transport drives economic growth in China and its macro‐regions. However, we find no major synergy across air, high‐speed rail, and waterway transport as drivers of economic growth at national and regional levels. Furthermore, air transport has a significant effect in widening China’s per capita income disparity. On that basis, we suggest Chinese local governments should carefully consider equity‐efficiency trade‐offs and provincial and municipal conditions and regional contexts when planning new airports, increasing airport services, or extending aviation connectivity. Others elsewhere may derive insights from these findings.
Evaluation of the agreement, adoption, and adherence to the evidence‐based guidelines for the nutritional management of adult patients with head and neck cancer among Australian dietitians
Authors: Edwards Anna , Baldwin Nathan , Findlay Merran , Brown Teresa , Bauer Judy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimEvidence‐based guideline translation to practice can improve outcomes but is often impaired by poor implementation. This project aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Evidence‐based guidelines for the nutritional management of adult patients with head and neck cancer among Australian dietitians providing clinical care to this population.MethodsA questionnaire was developed, with face and content validity confirmed by an expert panel (n = 13), to gauge participant perceptions of the guidelines against an implementation evaluation framework. Dietitians were identified through Dietitians Australia and by contacting experts in the field. Eligibility was determined by questionnaire completion and prior guideline awareness. Responses were provided using a 5‐point Likert scale. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics; with inferential analysis to determine if demographic information could reveal trends in guideline use and perception.ResultsOf the 43 initial respondents, n = 28 completed the questionnaire, with n = 24/28 (86%) meeting full eligibility criteria for analysis. Median (range) scores for all four domains were high: awareness (4.0 [3.2‐4.8]), agreement (4.4 [4.1‐4.7]), adoption (3.5 [3.1‐3.9]), and adherence (4.3 [4.1‐4.9]). However, perception of guideline awareness and use among multidisciplinary team colleagues was low (mean 3.2/5.0 and 3.1/5.0, respectively). Dietitians with <10 years' experience had significantly higher perceptions of the guidelines' ability to positively influence practice; support evidence‐based practice; and enhance dietitian credibility (P = 0.04) vs dietitians with ≥10 years' experience.ConclusionDietitians demonstrated high rates of guideline implementation and positive perceptions for its use in clinical practice. Future implementation strategies and evaluation should expand to engage the wider multidisciplinary team and more experienced clinicians.
Platelet biomarkers identifying mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Yu Haitao , Liu Yanchao , He Ting , Zhang Yao , He Jiahua , Li Mengzhu , Jiang Bijun , Gao Yang , Chen Chongyang , Ke Dan , Liu Jianjun , He Benrong , Yang Xifei , Wang Jian‐Zhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, identifying periphery biomarkers correlated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is of importance for early diagnosis of AD. Here, we performed platelet proteomics in T2DM patients with MCI (T2DM‐MCI) and without MCI (T2DM‐nMCI). Pearson analysis of the omics data with MMSE (mini‐mental state examination), Aβ1‐42/Aβ1‐40 (β‐amyloid), and rGSK‐3β(T/S9) (total to Serine‐9‐phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase‐3β) revealed that mitophagy/autophagy‐, insulin signaling‐, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways‐related proteins were most significantly involved. Among them, only the increase of optineurin, an autophagy‐related protein, was simultaneously correlated with the reduced MMSE score, and the increased Aβ1‐42/Aβ1‐40 and rGSK‐3β(T/S9), and the optineurin alone could discriminate T2DM‐MCI from T2DM‐nMCI. Combination of the elevated platelet optineurin and rGSK‐3β(T/S9) enhanced the MCI‐discriminating efficiency with AUC of 0.927, specificity of 86.7%, sensitivity of 85.3%, and accuracy of 0.859, which is promising for predicting cognitive decline in T2DM patients.
Red turpentine beetle primary attraction increases linearly with (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol dose regardless of component ratios, and no change in response with addition of high‐release frontalin
Authors: Kelsey Rick G. , Westlind Douglas J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLure efficacy for primary attraction of red turpentine beetle,Dendroctonus valens(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) observed previously in US Pacific Northwest ponderosa pine forests is (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol > (+)‐3‐carene+ethanol > (+)‐α‐pinene+ethanol.Influence of (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol release rates was tested with nine lures representing all combinations of three release levels for each compound in a 3 × 3 factorial design field test in Oregon. Beetle catch had a positive, linear relationship with the combined (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol total release (or dose), resulting from higher release of either one or both compounds. Reversing component ratios, that is, 1 : 2 versus 2 : 1 with similar total doses, produced minimal changes in beetle response.Females produce frontalin with dual aggregation and sex‐pheromone functions. In another test, high‐release frontalin, defined as >1.0 mg/day release, was tested at 1.4 to 1.5 mg/day in combination with each monoterpene+ethanol lure above and their trap catch compared with (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol lures. Presence of high‐release frontalin produced minimal changes in beetle responses.
A practical guide on the use of imiquimod cream to treat lentigo maligna
Authors: Guitera Pascale , Waddell Andreanne , Paton Elizabeth , Fogarty Gerald B , Hong Angela , Scolyer Richard A , Stretch Jonathan R , O’Donnell Brett A , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLentigo maligna (LM) is a common in situ melanoma subtype arising on chronically sun‐damaged skin and mostly affects the head and neck region. Localisation in cosmetically sensitive areas, difficulty to obtain wide resection margins and advanced patient age/comorbidities have encouraged investigation of less invasive therapeutic strategies than surgery in managing complex cases of LM. Radiotherapy and imiquimod have emerged as alternative treatment options in this context. The treatment of LM with imiquimod cream can be challenging due to the nature of the disease including its often large size, variegated appearance, involvement of adnexal structures, poorly defined peripheral edge and frequent localisation close to sensitive structures such as the eyes and lips, and elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Prolonged and unpredictable inflammatory reaction and side effects and compliance with a patient‐delivered therapy can also be challenging. In the literature to date, studies evaluating the use of imiquimod to treat LM have utilised varying methodologies and provided short follow‐up and these limitations have impaired the development of clear guidelines for dosage and management of side effects. Based on our multidisciplinary experience and review of the literature, we propose practical clinical strategies for the use of imiquimod for treating LM, detailing optimal administration procedures in various clinical scenarios and long‐term management, with the aim of facilitating optimal patient outcomes.
Safety of day‐case paediatric tonsillectomy in England: an analysis of administrative data for the Getting It Right First Time programme
Authors: Gray W. K. , Takhar A. S. , Navaratnam A. V. , Day J. , Swart M. , Snowden C. , Briggs T. W. R. , Marshall A. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe used the Hospital Episodes Statistics database to investigate unwarranted variation in the rates Trusts discharged children the same day after scheduled tonsillectomy and associations with adverse postoperative outcomes. We included children aged 2–18 years who underwent tonsillectomy between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2019. We stratified analyses by category of Trust, non‐specialist or specialist, defined as without or with paediatric critical care facilities, respectively. We adjusted analyses for age, sex, year of surgery and aspects of presentation and procedure type. Of 101,180 children who underwent tonsillectomy at non‐specialist Trusts, 62,926 (62%) were discharged the same day, compared with 24,138/48,755 (50%) at specialist Trusts. The adjusted proportion of children discharged the same day as tonsillectomy ranged from 5% to 100% at non‐specialist Trusts and 9% to 88% at specialist Trusts. Same‐day discharge was not independently associated with an increased rate of 30‐day emergency re‐admission at non‐specialist Trusts but was associated with a modest rate increase at specialist Trusts; adjusted probability 8.0% vs 7.7%, odds ratio (95%CI) 1.14 (1.05–1.24). Rates of adverse postoperative outcomes were similar for Trusts that discharged >70% children the same day as tonsillectomy compared with Trusts that discharged <50% children the same day, for both non‐specialist and specialist Trust categories. We found no consistent evidence that day‐case tonsillectomy is associated with poorer outcomes. All Trusts, but particularly specialist centres, should explore reasons for low day‐case rates and should aim for rates >70%.
Abnormal hyoid conformation in French Bulldogs: case report and computed tomographic anatomical comparison
Authors: de Bruyn BW , Hosgood G 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundBrachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is common in brachycephalic breeds and comprises multiple anatomic characteristics. Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used in the preoperative assessment of dogs presenting with BOAS. We describe the case of a French Bulldog with a presumed congenital hyoid malformation and anatomic comparison of hyoid morphology between French Bulldogs and mesaticephalic dogs using CT.MethodsSkull CT studies of French Bulldogs and mesaticephalic dogs presenting to two referral hospitals between 2013 and 2020 were collected. The degree of curvature of the basihyoid bone and the relative ventrodorsal thickness (RVD) were determined using a novel measurement technique. A circle of best fit was applied to the inside arc of the basihyoid bone, and the radius and sector angle within the basihyoid bone were recorded. The RVD was defined by the ventrodorsal thickness divided by the width in the frontal plane.ResultsThe basihyoid bone of French Bulldogs had a greater mean ± SD RVD of 0.23 ± 0.04 compared to 0.16 ± 0.03 in mesaticephalic dogs (P < 0.01). The sector angle was also greater in French Bulldogs, measuring 144.08 ± 20.88° compared to 103.94 ± 16.49° in mesaticephalic dogs (P < 0.01).ConclusionThis case of hyoid malformation in a French Bulldog reports a rarely documented condition that complicated the management of BOAS. Comparative assessment of hyoid conformation revealed more acute curvature and greater RVD in French Bulldogs than in mesaticephalic dogs. This may represent an additional distorted anatomic component of brachycephalic skull morphology.
Variable selection in nonlinear function‐on‐scalar regression
Authors: Ghosal Rahul , Maity Arnab 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe develop a new method for variable selection in a nonlinear additive function‐on‐scalar regression (FOSR) model. Existing methods for variable selection in FOSR have focused on the linear effects of scalar predictors, which can be a restrictive assumption in the presence of multiple continuously measured covariates. We propose a computationally efficient approach for variable selection in existing linear FOSR using functional principal component scores of the functional response and extend this framework to a nonlinear additive function‐on‐scalar model. The proposed method provides a unified and flexible framework for variable selection in FOSR, allowing nonlinear effects of the covariates. Numerical analysis using simulation study illustrates the advantages of the proposed method over existing variable selection methods in FOSR even when the underlying covariate effects are all linear. The proposed procedure is demonstrated on accelerometer data from the 2003–2004 cohorts of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in understanding the association between diurnal patterns of physical activity and demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics of the participants.
Exploring the association between social behaviour, trust, and its neural correlates in first episode psychosis patients and in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Wisman‐van der Teen Amanda , Lemmers‐Jansen Imke L. J. , Oorschot Margreet , Krabbendam Lydia 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesPsychosis is characterized by paranoid delusions, social withdrawal, and distrust towards others. Trust is essential for successful social interactions. It remains unknown which aspects of social functioning are associated with reduced trust in psychosis. Therefore, we investigated the association between social behaviour, trust, and its neural correlates in a group of individuals with psychotic symptoms (PS‐group), consisting of first episode psychosis patients combined with individuals at clinical high risk.MethodsWe compared 24 PS individuals and 25 healthy controls. Affect and social withdrawal were assessed using the Experience Sampling Method. Trust was measured during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, using a trust game with a cooperative and unfair counterpart.ResultsThe PS‐group showed lower baseline trust compared to controls and reported less positive and more negative general affect. Social withdrawal did not differ between the groups. Social withdrawal and social reactivity in affect (i.e., changes in affect when with others compared to when alone) were not associated with trust. On the neural level, in controls but not in the PS‐group, social withdrawal was associated with caudate activation during interactions with an unfair partner. An increase in positive social reactivity, was associated with reduced insula activation in the whole sample.ConclusionsSocial withdrawal and social reactivity were not associated with reduced initial trust in the PS‐group. Like controls, the PS‐group showed a positive response in affect when with others, suggesting a decrease in emotional distress. Supporting patients to keep engaging in social interactions, may alleviate their emotional distress.Practitioner points

Individuals with psychotic symptoms show reduced initial trust towards unknown others.

Trust in others is not associated with social withdrawal and reported affect when with others, nor when alone.

Like controls, individuals with psychotic symptoms showed reduced negative affect and increased positive affect when with others compared to when alone.

We emphasize to support individuals with psychotic symptoms to keep engaging in social interactions, given it may reduce social withdrawal and alleviate their emotional distress.
Myeloma patients with COVID‐19 have superior antibody responses compared to patients fully vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine
Authors: Gavriatopoulou Maria , Terpos Evangelos , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Briasoulis Alexandros , Gumeni Sentiljana , Fotiou Despina , Papanagnou Eleni‐Dimitra , Migkou Magdalini , Theodorakakou Foteini , Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou Evangelos , Kanellias Nikolaos , Trougakos Ioannis P. , Kastritis Efstathios , Dimopoulos Meletios‐Athanasios 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a suboptimal antibody response following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and lower seroconversion rates following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) compared with healthy individuals. In this context, we evaluated the development of neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against SARS‐CoV‐2 in non‐vaccinated patients with MM and COVID‐19 compared with patients after vaccination with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Serum was collected either four weeks post confirmed diagnosis or four weeks post a second dose of BNT162b2. NAbs were measured with a Food and Drug Administration‐approved enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methodology. Thirty‐five patients with COVID‐19 and MM along with 35 matched patients were included. The two groups did not differ in age, sex, body mass index, prior lines of therapy, disease status, lymphocyte count, immunoglobulin levels and comorbidities. Patients with MM and COVID‐19 showed a superior humoral response compared with vaccinated patients with MM. The median (interquartile range) NAb titre was 87·6% (71·6–94%) and 58·7% (21·4–91·8%) for COVID‐19‐positive and vaccinated patients, respectively (P = 0·01).Importantly, there was no difference in NAb production between COVID‐19‐positive and vaccinated patients who did not receive any treatment (median NAb 85·1% vs 91·7%, P = 0·14). In conclusion, our data indicate that vaccinated patients with MM on treatment without prior COVID‐19 should be considered for booster vaccine doses.
The role of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) in addictive disorders
Authors: Klausen Mette Kruse , Thomsen Morgane , Wortwein Gitta , Fink‐Jensen Anders 
Published: September 2021

Drug, alcohol and tobacco use disorders are a global burden affecting millions of people. Despite decades of research, treatment options are sparse or missing, and relapse rates are high. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) is released in the small intestine, promotes blood glucose homeostasis, slows gastric emptying and reduces appetite. GLP‐1 receptor agonists approved for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity have received attention as a potential anti‐addiction treatment. Studies in rodents and non‐human primates have demonstrated a reduction in intake of alcohol and drugs of abuse, and clinical trials have been initiated to investigate whether the preclinical findings can be translated to patients. This review will give an overview of current findings and discuss the possible mechanisms of action. We suggest that effects of GLP‐1 in alcohol and substance use disorders is mediated centrally, at least partly through dopamine signalling, but precise mechanisms are still to be uncovered.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc
Decoding the proregenerative competence of regulatory T cells through complex tissue regeneration in zebrafish
Authors: Gupta Samudra , Adhikary Satadal , Hui Subhra Prakash 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are specific subtype of T cells that play a central role in sustaining self-antigen tolerance and restricting inflammatory tissue damage. More recently, additional direct functions of Tregs in mammalian tissue repair have emerged, but the regenerative potential of Tregs in non-mammalian vertebrates has not been explored despite the latter possessing a highly developed adaptive immune system. Why complex organs such as the caudal fin, heart, brain, spinal cord and retina regenerate in certain non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals, is an interesting but unresolved question in the field of regenerative biology. Inflammation has traditionally been thought to be an impediment to regeneration due to the formation of scars. Regenerative decline in higher organisms has been speculated to be the evolutionary advent of adaptive immunity. Recent studies, however, have shown that the innate inflammatory response in non-mammalian organisms is required for organ regeneration. It has also been found that highly advanced adaptive immunity is no longer incompatible with regeneration and for that, Tregs are important. Zebrafish regulatory T cells (zTregs) migrate rapidly to the injury site in damaged organs, where they facilitate the proliferation of regeneration precursor cells by generating tissue-specific regenerative factors by a process distinct from the canonical anti-inflammatory pathway. We review both reparative and proregenerative roles of Tregs in mammals and zebrafish, respectively, and also give an overview of the forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) -dependent immunosuppressive function of Tregs in zebrafish, which makes it a useful model organism for future Treg biology and research.
A practical guide to genetic testing in endocrinology
Authors: Izatt Louise , Owens Martina M. , Pierce Heather , Wilcox Sarah , Park Soo‐Mi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRapid advances in sequencing technology have led to significant improvements in genomic analysis, resulting in increased understanding of the molecular basis of many endocrine conditions. Genomic testing for rare disease is being integrated into everyday clinical practice, as the importance of confirming a genetic diagnosis earlier in a patient's pathway helps direct their clinical care and specialized management. In England, the new nationally commissioned Genomic Medicine Service has started to deliver testing for rare and inherited disease and cancer somatic tissue via seven Genomic Laboratory Hubs. The range of genetic tests, technology employed and eligibility criteria for patient testing are all defined in the National Genomic Test Directory. This review provides practical guidance on how to access genomic testing for endocrine disease, how to interpret and relay results, and details how genetic counselling can help integrate results into ongoing care of the individual and their family. This article discusses general principles as well as specifics related to the process of genomic testing in England. We illustrate mainstream genetic testing with a clinical scenario involving an individual with inherited endocrine neoplasia, followed by a generic description of the different steps involved, including informed consent to proceed to diagnostic testing. Most genetic tests analyse multiple genes simultaneously by next‐generation sequencing, and variant interpretation may yield not only pathogenic explanatory results, but also ambiguous outcomes, with variants of unknown significance or incidental findings. Delivery of results and posttest genetic counselling are therefore key components of integrating genetic testing into routine endocrine care.