bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fichtes geschichtsphilosophische Positionen im Kontext der ‚Entdeckung‘ der Zukunft
Authors: Stahl Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Fichte lehnte die zeitgenössische Geschichtswissenschaft aufgrund ihres empiristisch-zufälligen und politisch-affirmativen Charakters ab. Dennoch erhob er dezidiert die Forderung nach einer theoretisch basierten Sicht auf die Geschichte, um vermittels des spekulativen Konstrukts ‚Geschichte‘ in der Perspektive auf Zukünftiges die Handlungen der Individuen in ihrem sozialen Zusammenhang zu erklären und zu orientieren. Im Zentrum der Analyse der dabei entfalteten methodischen Aspekte steht zum einen die gegenüber Herder und Kant verstärkte Rolle des Subjekts. Zum anderen die im Epochenschema herausgearbeiteten Momente einer Dialektik des Geschichtsprozesses. Dieses Schema zeichnet sich gegenüber linearen Aufstiegsvorstellungen dadurch aus, dass die Stetigkeit zugunsten eines durch Diskontinuitäten charakterisierten Parabelmodells aufgegeben ist. Die geschichtsphilosophische Spekulation hat die Funktion, in der Geschichte vollzogene Brüche zu erklären und in einer Entwicklungsperspektive aufzuheben. Die Erklärung der Geschichte stellt sich damit nicht dar als eine Extrapolation aus vorangegangenen Ereignissen. Vielmehr bedingt die Sicht auf das theoretisch als normativ entwickelte Zukünftige die Sicht auf die Geschichte.
Fichtes Grundgedanke der rationalen Sittlichkeit
Authors: Senigaglia Cristiana 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im System der Sittenlehre von 1798 erklärt Fichte sein Anliegen, einen Begriff der Sittlichkeit „rein aus dem Wesen der Vernunft“ zu gewinnen. Dieser Sachverhalt hat für ihn eine umfangreiche Bedeutung und umfasst ein breites Spektrum von Phänomenen und Aspekten, die streng genommen die Definition von Rationalität überschreiten: Man denke an die Verbindung mit dem Trieb und dem Gefühl oder an die Grundkonzeption des Ich als Tätigkeit und Wollen. Infolgedessen bedeutet die rationale Sittlichkeit als Produkt der Vernunft nicht (oder nicht nur) die Aufstellung von formalen Prinzipien, sondern auch die Fähigkeit, die wesentlichen Charakteristika des Ich in der Reflexion zu erkunden und eine entsprechende Sittlichkeit zu konzipieren und zu entwickeln, die sich in der Welt realisieren soll und dazu den konkreten Bezug zur Objektivität und zu anderen Menschen braucht. Da das Individuum sich als freies vereinzeltes Vernunftwesen versteht und auch ist, kann seine Handlung nie die eigene Überzeugung verleugnen. Indem aber die anderen auch als vernünftige Wesen rezipiert werden, die den gleichen Anspruch auf Freiheit und Respekt haben, ist das Verhältnis zwischen individueller und universeller Vernunft nur in der Harmonie der einheitlichen Vernunft als richtungsweisendes Ideal wiederzufinden und deren Übereinstimmung nur durch Einsicht und Argumente zu erreichen. Schließlich wird die These aufgestellt, dass dadurch sich Fichtes Idee der rationalen Sittlichkeit von einer rationalen Ethik unterscheidet, welche ihren Aufgabenbereich enger umgrenzt und eher auf formalen Prinzipien und Normen basiert.
»Das System der Sittenlehre« im gegenwärtigen Kontext: Deontologie, Konsequentialismus oder Perfektionismus?
Authors: Tat-Fung Lam Eric 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit den aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen zur Sittenlehre (1798) von Fichte auseinander, wie sie von Michelle Kosch, Allen Wood und Owen Ware interpretiert wurden. Ziel ist es, ihre jeweiligen Lesarten der Sittenlehre aus der Jenaer Zeit systematisch zu rezensieren und eine revidierte Interpretation vorzuschlagen. Kosch argumentiert, dass die Sittenlehre de facto einen Konsequentialismus darstellt, bei dem der Endzweck der Freiheit durch moderne Technologie realisiert wird. Wood hingegen betrachtet Fichte als einen radikalen Kantianer, dessen Konzept der sittlichen Bestimmung eine akzeptable Modifikation von Kants Theorie darstellt, wobei die sittliche Handlung durch das subjektive Gewissen gewährleistet wird. Ich teile Owen Wares Auffassung, dass die Sittenlehre als Perfektionismus verstanden werden sollte, der in einem teleologischen Rahmen zu betrachten ist. Ich interpretiere jedoch die Sittenlehre dahingehend, dass das handelnde Subjekt stets danach strebt, den Endzweck der absoluten Selbständigkeit zu erreichen. Dabei bleibt die Selbständigkeit jedoch nur eine praktische und unerreichbare Idee; dennoch hat der Akteur die Pflicht, sich ihr anzunähern. Auf diese Weise kann das Handeln bzw. Streben als ein unendlicher Prozess verstanden werden, und die absolute Selbständigkeit stellt die konstitutive Aufgabe allen Daseins dar.
The Ceramic Assemblage from the Cistercian Nunnery of St Theodore in Nicosia, Cyprus
Authors: Gabrieli R. Smadar , Stern Edna J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
St Theodore in Nicosia is a rare example of a female Cistercian monastery in the Latin East, the foundation and abandonment dates of which are relatively certain. The ceramics from the excavation carried out at the site during the mid-2000s offer a glimpse into over three centuries of household assemblage from the Lusignan and Venetian periods to just before the Ottoman Conquest. In this paper, we view the ceramics in relation to the site and its architecture, as well as in the wider context of medieval Cypriot archaeology. The assemblage at hand furnishes some new insights into the local production of table and utilitarian ceramics while sharpening our view of trade relations in this period.
Form, Language, and Self-Understanding in Beauvoir’s “The Woman Destroyed”
Authors: Racine R. Maxwell 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the form and language of Simone de Beauvoir’s novella “The Woman Destroyed” to argue that the story is a philosophical work in two ways. First, it contributes to scholarship on narrative self-understanding: it moves beyond Anthony Rudd’s and Peter Goldie’s theories by revealing how the instability of language complicates self-understanding. Second, it invites philosophical introspection by representing life as it is and generating questions about self-understanding for readers to ponder instead of giving them ready-made answers.
Que peut la littérature ?
Authors: Moi Toril , Soucanh Clara 
Published: December 2024

Résumé
Cet article propose une réflexion sur la théorie de la littérature de Beauvoir telle qu’elle est exposée dans son essai « Que peut la littérature ? » et la situe dans son contexte d’émergence. Les principaux arguments avancés dans l’essai sont mis en évidence et reliés à l’approche phénoménologique de Beauvoir, et leurs implications sont discutées, notamment en ce qui concerne la relation de la littérature au monde, aux autres, à la modernité et au féminisme.
Erotic Ambivalence in Beauvoir’s Student Diaries
Authors: Rognlie Dana , Anderson Ellie , Burke Megan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article challenges Margaret E. Simons’s claim that Sartre forced himself on Beauvoir on October 15, 1929. We argue that Diary of a Philosophy Student: Volume 3, 1926–30 depicts the young Beauvoir struggling with conflicting feelings about marriage, sexual desire, and gender roles. Highlighting early reflections on “the woman in love,” we suggest that Beauvoir’s diary discloses gendered harm but not sexual violation. We name this harm erotic ambivalence and find it central to The Second Sex.
Le prix de se faire apparaître
Authors: Gagnon Cécile 
Published: December 2024

Résumé
Dans ce texte, l’autrice explore différents enjeux proprement féministes qui émergent de l’industrie de la mode, notamment dans les secteurs de la production, de la vente et de la commercialisation des vêtements. Elle s’intéresse également à la manière dont les images produites par l’industrie de la mode participent à renforcer l’objectivation des corps féminins. S’en suit un retour sur les travaux de Beauvoir, Garcia, Dolezal et Bordo sur l’être-au-monde féminin, qui signifie d’exister-pour-autrui et de se faire objet de désir. Ces réflexions sont mises en parallèle avec les travaux de Young et de Froidevaux-Metterie, selon qui le plaisir de se vêtir participe à l’appropriation et à l’augmentation de la subjectivité. L’autrice propose alors de concilier valeurs féministes non oppressives avec le besoin existentiel d’être et de se reconnaître que le vêtir permet en grande partie de combler, en adoptant des pratiques de mode lente.
Doppler Circulation and Areal Contraction Rate as Detected and Measured by a Phased-Array Radar: The El Reno, Oklahoma Tornado of 31 May 2013
Authors: Wood Vincent T. , Davies-Jones Robert P. , Snyder Jeffrey C. , Hopper Larry J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A single-Doppler technique is developed to utilize data acquired by a phased-array radar that derives observed circulations and areal contraction rates through analyses of circuits at constant radii around the circulation center of a powerful tornadic supercell near El Reno, Oklahoma, on 31 May 2013. Since the rapid-scan, phased-array radar measures only the component of 3-D flow in the radar viewing direction, velocity normal to the beam is set to zero to enable the calculation of circulations and areal contraction rates of circles within a surface of constant elevation angle. To obtain reliable standard measures of vortex strength, mean Doppler velocities are bilinearly interpolated to points on circles of specified radii concentric with circulation centers. The Doppler circulations around and material contractions of these circles are then calculated. Circulation is large and flow is convergent just prior to tornado formation. At its maximum size and intensity, the circulation of the tornado was very large, 9 × 105 m2 s−1 at a height of 1.5 km. As the tornado’s size increased, the divergence within it increased. During the tornado’s mature stage, areal rates of vortex core change from expansion to contraction to expansion over a period of 12 minutes. The use of rapid volumetric updates of approximately 1 min (or faster) available with PAR technology to track significant Doppler circulations and areal contraction rates may provide indications of imminent tornadogenesis and important updates of tornadoes in progress, though much future work remains to quantify any potential warning implications.
Increased expression levels of PIEZO1 in visceral adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes are triggered by mechanical forces and are associated with inflammation
Authors: Catalán Victoria , Gómez-Ambrosi Javier , Ramírez Beatriz , Unamuno Xabier , Becerril Sara , Rodríguez Amaia , Baixauli Jorge , Reina Gabriel , Sancho Ana , Silva Camilo , Cienfuegos Javier A. , Frühbeck Gema 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
PIEZO1 has emerged as a mechanoreceptor linked with adipogenesis, adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance. We aimed to determine the impact of obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as mechanical compression forces on the expression of PIEZO1 in visceral AT (VAT) and its relation with inflammation.

Methods
Blood and VAT samples were obtained from 100 volunteers. Static compression studies in VAT explants were performed to study the PIEZO1 response. The effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of Piezo1 was assessed in a rat model of diet-induced obesity.

Results
Obesity and obesity-associated T2D increased (P < 0.01) gene expression levels of PIEZO1 in VAT mainly due to adipocytes. SWELL1 and key markers of inflammation (NLRP3, NLRP6, IL1B, IL18 and IL8) were also upregulated in VAT in obesity and T2D being significantly associated (P < 0.01) with PIEZO1 levels. We further showed that the static compression of VAT explants promoted an upregulation of PIEZO1 (P < 0.01) and SWELL1 (P < 0.01) expression levels together with a strong increase in the expression and release of key inflammatory mediators. The treatment of THP-1-derived macrophages with the secretome of adipocytes from patients with obesity upregulated (P < 0.001) PIEZO1 levels. Rats undergoing bariatric surgery exhibited decreased (P < 0.01) expression levels of Piezo1 in the epididymal AT.

Conclusions
Static compression triggered an upregulation of PIEZO1 in VAT explants together with a strong inflammation. In addition, the increased expression of PIEZO1 in VAT in obesity and obesity-associated T2D, primarily attributable to adipocytes, is closely associated with SWELL1 and inflammatory markers.
Berberine promotes primordial follicle activation and increases ovulated oocyte quantity in aged mice
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wang Weiyong , Liu Huiyu , Wei Hongwei , Weng Yashuang , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Xiaodan , He Sihui , Chen Ye , Wang Yahong , Zhang Meijia , Chen Xin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Primordial follicle activation is vital for the reproduction of women with advanced age and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). But there is a lack of effective and safe therapeutic options to activate their primordial follicles in vivo. Berberine (BBR) possesses multiple pharmacological properties, but its impact on primordial follicle activation remains unclear.

Methods
The role of BBR on primordial activation was investigated by neonatal mouse ovary culture and intraperitoneal injection, and by human ovarian fragment culture. Furthermore, the effect of BBR on the quantity of ovulated oocytes was investigated by the intragastric administration of aged mice.

Results
BBR in vitro culture and in vivo intraperitoneal injection significantly increased growing follicle number and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) levels in neonatal mouse ovaries. BBR also significantly increased the relative fluorescence intensities of p-Akt in the oocytes of primordial follicles. BBR-increased the number of growing follicles and the levels of p-Akt were blocked by LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Furthermore, BBR intragastric administration significantly increased the quantity of ovulated oocytes in aged mice. Moreover, BBR significantly increased growing follicle proportion and p-Akt levels in cultured human ovarian fragments.

Conclusion
BBR promotes mouse and human primordial follicle activation through the PI3K/Akt pathway in oocytes, and improves the quantity of ovulated oocytes in aged mice. Our results suggest a potential use of oral medicine BBR to improve fertility in POI patients and aged women.
Promoting early goals of care conversations in the CICU with a surprise question-based EHR workflow
Authors: Ushpol Adam , Parsons Colby , Golec Sophia , Frousios Ritsa , Tsega Surafel , Linker Anne S. , Ronquillo Maria , Gidwani Umesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The Surprise Question (SQ) - Would you be surprised if this patient died within the next 6 months? - is a validated tool for mortality prediction. The Mount Sinai Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) incorporated the SQ into a novel EHR workflow to identify patients who would benefit from early initiation of Palliative Care (PC).

Methods
Implementation of the SQ proceeded in two steps. During the feasibility pilot (December 2021-March 2022), providers answered the SQ using an EXCEL spreadsheet for all CICU patients, without changing other workflows. In April 2022, the CICU launched a new workflow-column built into the Epic patient-list dashboard with the SQ as the backbone. For patients with SQ answers of “NO,” providers were prompted to facilitate and document a goals of care (GOC) conversation. We conducted a retrospective, observational, quasi-experimental study of all admissions to the CICU with SQ = NO between December 2021-September 2022. Clinical data was obtained via EHR query and chart review. We compared the frequency and timing of GOC conversations and the likelihood of redirected GOC (defined as code status change and/or hospice discharge) during the 3-month pilot versus the 6-month implementation period.

Results
195 admissions were included: median [IQR] age 72.0 [61.0, 84.0] years; LOS > 5 days 43.6%; CICU mortality 17.9%. These clinical characteristics were comparable between the pilot (N = 57) and implementation (N = 138) periods. However, ICU interventions (i.e. mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy) were more common among the pilot cohort (52.6% vs. 33.3%, p = .015). For the primary outcomes, compared to the pilot period, there was a significantly higher frequency of GOC conversations (61.4% vs. 81.2%, p = .004) and GOC conversations < 2 days from CICU admission (40.4% vs. 61.6%, p = .007) in the intervention period. There was no difference in the likelihood of redirected GOC towards comfort or no escalation (28.1% vs. 21.0%, p = .288).

Conclusion
We facilitated earlier GOC conversations directed to critically ill patients with high mortality risk by integrating the SQ into the EHR.
Evaluating inter- and intra-rater reliability in assessing upper limb compensatory movements post-stroke: creating a ground truth through video analysis?
Authors: Sauerzopf Lena , Panduro Celina G. Chavez , Luft Andreas R. , Kühnis Benjamin , Gavagnin Elena , Unger Tim , Awai Christopher Easthope , Schönhammer Josef G. , Degenfellner Jürgen , Spiess Martina R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Compensatory movements frequently emerge in the process of motor recovery after a stroke. Given their potential for unfavorable long-term effects, it is crucial to assess and document compensatory movements throughout rehabilitation. However, clinically applicable assessment tools are currently limited. Deep learning methods have shown promising potential for assessing movement quality and addressing this gap. A crucial prerequisite for developing an accurate measurement tool is ensuring reliability in assessing compensatory movements, which is essential for establishing a valid ground truth.

Objective
The study aimed to assess inter- and intra-rater reliability of occupational and physical therapists’ visual assessment of compensatory movements based on video analysis.

Methods
Experienced therapists evaluated video-recorded performances of a standardized drinking task through an online labeling system. The standardized drinking task was performed by seven individuals with mild to moderate upper limb motor impairments after a stroke. The therapists rated compensatory movements in predetermined body segments and movement phases using a slider with a continuous scale ranging from 0 (no compensation) to 100 (maximum compensation). The collected data were analyzed using a generalized-linear mixed effects model with zero-inflated beta regression to estimate variance components. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess inter- and intra-rater reliability.

Results
Twenty-two therapists participated in this study. Inter-rater reliability was good for the phases of reaching, drinking, and returning (ICC ≥ .0.75), and moderate for both phases of transporting. Intra-rater reliability was excellent for the drinking phase (ICC > 0.9) and moderate to good for the phases of reaching, transporting, and returning of our cohort. ICCs for smoothness and interjoint coordination were poor for both inter- and intra-rater reliability. The data analysis unveiled a wide range of credible intervals for the ICCs across all domains examined in this study.

Conclusions
While this study shows promising inter- and intra-rater reliability for the drinking phases within our sample, the wide credible intervals raise the possibility that these results may have occurred by chance. Consequently, we cannot recommend the establishment of a ground truth for the automatic assessment of compensatory movements during a drinking task based on therapists’ ratings alone.
Spinal muscular atrophy is also a disorder of spermatogenesis
Authors: Magot Armelle , Reignier Arnaud , Binois Olivier , Bedat-Millet Anne Laure , Davion Jean-Baptiste , Debergé Louise , Ghorab Karima , Guyant Lucie , Laheranne Émilie , Laforet Pascal , Lefeuvre Claire , Mallaret Martial , Michaud Maud , Omar Chahla , Nadaj-Pakleza Aleksandra , Nicolas Guillaume , Noury Jean Baptiste , Pegat Antoine , Péré Morgane , Salort-Campana Emmanuelle , Sole Guilhem , Spinazzi Marco , Tard Céline , Vuillerot Carole , Péréon Yann 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients benefit from pre-mRNA splicing modifiers targeting the SMN2 gene, which aims to increase functional SMN production. The animal toxicity affecting spermatogenesis associated with one such treatment raised questions about male SMA patients’ spermatogenesis.

Methods
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to July 2023. The study involved adult male patients with genetically confirmed SMA type 2 (SMA2) or SMA3 from 13 French neuromuscular centers. The patients’ general data, motor severity, urological history, exposure to certain factors, parenthood, and spermogram results were obtained. All patients were enrolled prior to exposure to risdiplam.

Findings
Sixty-eight patients were enrolled ( 36 SMA2 and 32 SMA3 patients). Forty-one patients had fertility data (parenthood history and spermogram analyses) and underwent 33 spermograms. Fertility disorders were identified in 27 of the 41 patients (65·9%, 95%CI 51·3–80·4%) in particular SMA2 patients: 19 cases (90.5%, CI 77·9–100%) (SMA3: 8 cases (40%, CI 18·5–61·5%). Among the patients with available spermograms, 81% (27/33) had abnormal sperm concentration; 30% presented azoospermia. These abnormalities were significantly associated with SMA type (more prevalent in SMA2 patients, p < 0·001), disease motor severity, which included age at the loss of walking ability and wheelchair use duration (p < 0·001). The Motor Function Measure (MFM) determined that the sperm counts were also correlated with disease severity (p < 0·01).

Interpretation
The fertility disorders were correlated with SMA severity and were particularly evident in SMA2 patients. In the latter, sperm concentration positively correlated with MFM. This study is the first one to link fertility disorders with spermogram abnormalities in SMA males. Understanding spermatogenesis in SMA is crucial, especially with new therapies such as risdiplam. Consequently, conducting systematic spermogram studies prior to SMA treatment is recommended.
Diagnosing cystic fibrosis in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and strategies
Authors: Fuhrer Michèle , Zampoli Marco , Abriel Hugues 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Cystic Fibrosis is caused by recessively inherited variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. It is associated with diverse clinical presentations that can affect the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems and inhibit nutrient absorption and growth.

Main Body
The current estimation of people affected by Cystic Fibrosis is likely underestimated as this disease remains undiagnosed in countries with limited diagnostic capacity. Recent evidence indicates that Cystic Fibrosis is more common than initially thought and is likely underreported in low- and middle-income countries. The sweat chloride test remains the gold standard for diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis. However, the costs of commercially available instruments, consumables, and laboratory reagents remain relatively high for widespread implementation in low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusion
Alternative, cost-effective, and simpler approaches to sweat electrolyte measurement, may present more feasible options for CF diagnosis in the setting of low- and middle-income countries. Novel low-cost, point-of-care innovations for measuring sweat chloride should be explored and further validated as suitable alternatives. It will be important to consider how to implement these options and adjust the diagnostic algorithm to meet the needs of low- and middle-income countries. Future Cystic Fibrosis research in low- and middle-income countries should focus on finding a lower-cost and resource-intensive pathway for CF screening and diagnosis to improve its availability.