bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variation in the Time of Disease Manifestation in Finnish Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Turtinen Maaret , Härkönen Taina , Ilonen Jorma , Parkkola Anna , Knip Mikael , Mikael The Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register Knip 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We tested the hypothesis of a more aggressive disease process at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes during autumn and winter, the colder seasons with consistently observed higher incidence of type 1 diabetes, compared to spring and summer. Seasonality in the manifestation of type 1 diabetes was examined in 4993 Finnish children and adolescents participated in the nationwide register. Clinical and metabolic characteristics, beta cell autoantibodies and HLA class II genetics were analysed at clinical diagnosis. Significant seasonality was observed with higher number of new cases during autumn and winter (n=1353/27.1% and n=1286/25.8%) compared to spring and summer (n=1135/22.7% and n=219/24.4%) (p<0.001). The youngest children (aged 0.5-4 years) differed from the older ones (aged 5-14 years) as their frequency of diagnoses was highest in autumn and the fewest cases were found in winter (p=0.019) while the older children followed the same pattern as that seen in the total series. Ketoacidosis was more frequent in children diagnosed during spring or summer compared to those diagnosed in autumn (18.8% and 19.9% vs. 15.8%, respectively; p=0.036) and weight loss was highest if diagnosed in summer (6% vs. 4.7˗5.4%; p<0.001). No relationship was observed between the season of disease presentation and diabetes-associated autoantibodies or HLA genotypes.Conclusions: Contrary to our working hypothesis, more severe metabolic decompensation was seen during seasons with lower number of new cases. The heterogeneity in the seasonality of diabetes manifestation between younger and older children suggests that there could be different environmental factors triggering the disease at different ages.Trial registration number: 454/E//2001Date of registration: 19.9.2001
Ketogenic Diet Impairs Neurological Development of Neonatal Rats And Affects Biochemical Composition of Maternal Brains. Evidence of Functional Recovery In Pups
Authors: Kosiek Wojciech , Rauk Zuzanna , Szulc Piotr , Cichy Anna , Rugieł Marzena , Chwiej Joanna , Janeczko Krzysztof , Setkowicz Zuzanna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a type of diet in which the intake of fats is significantly increases at the cost of carbohydrates while maintaining an adequate amount of proteins. This kind of diet has been successfully used in clinical therapies of drug-resistant epilepsy, but there is still insufficient evidence on its safety when used in pregnancy. To assess KD effects on the course of gestation and fetal development, pregnant females were fed with: (i) KD during pregnancy and lactation periods (KD group), (ii) KD during pregnancy replaced with ND from the day 2 postpartum (KDND group) and (iii) normal diet alone (ND group). The body mass, ketone and glucose blood levels, and food intake were monitored. In brains of KD-fed females, FTIR biochemical analyses revealed increased concentrations of lipids and ketone groups-containing molecules. In offsrings of these females, significant reduction of the body mass and delays in neurological development were detected. However, replacement of KD with ND in these females at the begining of lactation period led to regainment of the body mass in their pups as early as on the postnatal day 14. Moreover, the vast majority of our neurological tests detected functional recovery up to the normal level. It could be concluded that the ketogenic diet undoubtedly affects the brain of pregnant females and impairs the somatic and neurological development of their offspring. However, early postnatal withdrawal of this diet may initiate compensatory processes and considerable functional restitution of the nervous system based on still unrecognized mechanisms.
Tunneling Excavation Induced Settlements in Granular Soils:Case of Keçiören Subway (Ankara)
Authors: SOJOUDI Hadi , ULAMIS Koray , KILIÇ Recep 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The need for underground transportation is increasing to reduce traffic within metropolitan cities. During excavation, ground loss within the soft soils and associated ground settlements might occur. Tunneling induced ground settlement has to be within tolerable limits. Otherwise, damage to ground level and infrastructures are experienced. In this study, reasons of ground settlement occurred during the excavation of twin subway tunnels at Keçiören (Ankara) are evaluated. In 2006, the first phase excavation caused ground settlement with no considerable damage. The second phase excavation started in 2012, both within the saturated sandy and gravelly soils of Çubuk Creek’s alluvium. At the time, several collapses and associated ground settlements were reported. Due, an investigation program started including resistivity surveying, borehole drilling and in-situ testing. Since ground settlements were known, back calculation was performed to obtain the settlement trough, inflection point and the change of contraction increment. Moreover, the stress conditions and external stresses exerted by existing structures are reviewed. Collapses with volume up to 80 m3 were observed nearby the buildings and free field during the second phase excavation which were determined through 2D resistivity data and boreholes. It was concluded that, the change of settlement at ground level and on the tunnel segments are related to contraction increment based on the numerical modelling of the twin tunnels. Possible reasons for collapse can be listed as TBM cutting head and shield defect, change in ground structure due to underground water level changes, and the impact of the previously excavated tunnel in 2006.
Design, Synthesis, Physicochemical, Drug-likeness Properties of Quercetin Derivatives and Their Effect On MCF-7 Cell Line and Free Radicals
Authors: Shankar Sulakshana , Vaijanathappa Jaishree , Wadhwani Ashish , Sekar Mahendran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present study, four novel quercetin derivatives were designed and synthesised by one pot synthesis method using benzoic acid and its derivatives. The synthesised compounds were screened for physicochemical and drug-likeness properties, evaluated for in vitro antioxidant assays such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), cytotoxicity study on breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and performed molecular docking against the nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme 4NOS PDB (Protein Data Bank) ID which is expressed in breast cancer. In the screening of physicochemical and drug-likeness properties, QB, QB1 and QB4 are eligible for oral drug screening and other derivatives QB2 and QB3 were not eligible for oral drug screening. Among all, QB-1 showed highest percentage of inhibition and lowest IC50 value in both the assays. The docking results displayed that QB-2 showed highest docking score and exhibited highest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line and the study results conclude that QB1 and QB2 compounds can be further explored to in vivo anticancer activity.
Live Cell Molecular Analysis of Primary Prostate Cancer Organoids Identifies Persistent Androgen Receptor Signaling
Authors: Heninger Erika , Kosoff David , Rodems Tamara , Sethakorn Nan , Singh Anupama , Gungurthi Harshitha , Carslon Kristin N , Yang Bing , Gilsdorf Cole S , Pasch Cheri A , Deming Dustin A , Ellis Leigh , Beebee David J , Jarrard David F , Lang Joshua M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PC) is a disease with remarkable tumor heterogeneity that often manifests in significant intra-patient variability with regards to clinical outcomes and treatment response. Commonly available PC cell lines do not accurately reflect the complexity of this disease and there is critical need for development of new models to recapitulate the intricate hierarchy of tumor pathogenesis. In current study, we established ex vivo primary patient-derived cancer organoid (PDCO) cultures from prostatectomy specimens of patients with locally advanced PC. We then performed a comprehensive multi-parameter characterization of the cellular composition utilizing a novel approach for live-cell staining and direct imaging in the integrated microfluidic Stacks device. Using orthogonal flow cytometry analysis, we demonstrate that primary PDCOs maintain distinct subsets of epithelial cells throughout culture and that these cells conserve expression of androgen receptor (AR) related elements. Furthermore, to confirm the tumor-origin of the PDCOs we have analyzed the expression of PC-associated epigenetic biomarkers including promoter methylation of the GSTP1, RASSF1 and APC and RARb genes by employing a novel microfluidic rare-event screening protocol.These results demonstrate that this ex vivo PDCO model recapitulates the complexity of the epithelial tumor microenvironment of multifocal PC using orthogonal analyses. Furthermore, we propose to leverage the Stacks microfluidic device as a high-throughput, translational platform to interrogate phenotypic and molecular endpoints with the capacity to incorporate a complex tumor microenvironment.
Bioavailability and Risk Profile of Toxic Metals in Size Segregated Particulate Matter at different Traffic Junctions of Northern India
Authors: Tiwari Rahul , Botle Akshay , Singh Prabal , Taneja Ajay 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Air quality at two traffic junctions representing GLA (highway pollution) and Iradatnagar (rural pollution) was evaluated In India. Present study aimed to determine the concentration of size-segregated PM with characterization of metals at different traffic junctions (Agra and Mathura). PM2.5-1.0 and PM1.0-0.5 was measured with the help of Cascade SioutasImpactor during the study period December to January 2018.The size fraction of PM2.5-1.0 was found higher at GLA (350.92µg/m3) followed by Iradatnagar site (329.12µg/m3) whereas average value of size fraction of PM1.0-0.5 was found higher at Iradatnagar site (361.01µg/m3) in comparison with GLA (313.47µg/m3) respectively. The average PM2.5 concentration in all the sampling sites was found 7-8 higher times than National Ambient Air Quality Standards (60µg/m3) (NAAQS, India). Twelve Metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pband Zn) subsequently determined by ICP-OES. Al, Ba, Ca, and Mg, were found higher comparison to other metals. Metals source identification was done by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The average value of HQs was found higher for PM1.0-0.5 size fraction. HQ values were recorded higher for GLA sampling site it was 7.95 for PM2.5-1.0 and 9.50 for PM1.0-0.5 fraction. Overall, the observed HQs values far exceeded the acceptable level. The trend of average value of carcinogenic risk factor was found higher than prescribed limit (1*10-6) for an adult and child respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of MgFe2O4@MIL-53(Al) Nanocomposite as Antibacterial Drug Nanocarrier Agent
Authors: Shateran Fatemeh , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are developing as a powerful platform for the delivery and controlled release of drugs. In this study, we reported a novel magnetic framework including MgFe2O4@MIL-53(Al) for the delivery of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic. The obtained results of this research showed that 88% of the TC was loaded on the MgFe2O4@MIL-53(Al). The drug release study was performed in pH: 7.4 and pH: 5.0 which showed 75% and 83% release within 3 days. Moreover, antibacterial activities tests based on well agar diffusion were performed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria which exhibited satisfactory antibacterial properties of TC-loaded MgFe2O4@MIL-53(Al). Moreover, the prepared structures including MgFe2O4@MIL-53(Al) and MgFe2O4@MIL-53(Al)/TC were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
The Relationship Between Human Resource Strategies and Organizational Performance Based on The Balanced Scorecard in a Public hospital in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nafari Ebrahim , Rezaei Behrooz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Today, due to complex environment and rapidly changing of health industry, hospitals need to optimize their organizational performance to achieve a competitive advantage. One of the important factors for achieving competitive advantage is the effective human resources management through application of appropriate human resource strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between human resource strategies and organizational performance based on the balanced scorecard. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical and administrative staff in a public hospital in Isfahan, Iran. All eligible staff entered the study (n=200). Data were collected using self reported questionnaires during July 2018. The main questionnaire contained 32 items which investigated employees' perceptions on human resource strategies (including seven strategies) and organizational performance based on the balanced scorecard approach. In order to analyzing data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were applied using SPSS/21 software (P <0.05). Results: In this study, 154 questionnaires were completed and returned (return rate = 77%). Human resource strategies and organizational performance were evaluated at a medium level. There was a significant positive relationship between human resource strategies and organizational performance (r = 0.73, p = 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that human resource strategies had the highest relationship with organizational performance in the dimension of growth and learning (r = 0.669, p = 0.001) and the least relationship with the dimension of financial performance (r = 0.455, 0.001). 0 = p). Regression analysis showed that all human resources strategies were effective on organizational performance (R=0.998, R2=0.997, ADJ.R2=0.997). Staff training and development strategy (Beta = 0. 265, p = 0.000), personnel compensation (Beta = 0.212, p = 0.000) and recruitment strategy (Beta = 0.208, B, P=0.000) had the greatest impact on organizational performance respectively. Conclusion: In order to improve hospital performance, it seems that the development of human resource strategies (especially staff training and development, and compensation strategy) can be considered by hospital managers. The findings of this study can be considered for developing hospital performance in similar context.
Characterization of Bacterial Communities From The Surface And Adjacent Bottom Layers Water of Billings Reservoir
Authors: Marcondes Marta , Nascimento Andrezza , Pessôa Rodrigo , Victor Jefferson , Duarte Alberto da Silva , Clissa Patricia Bianca , Sanabani Sabri Saeed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Here, we describe the microbial diversity and physicochemical properties in freshwater samples from the surface and bottom layer of Billings reservoir in São Paulo state, Brazil. Twenty-two matched samples were characterized using the 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomical composition revealed an abundance of Cyanobacteria phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, with 1903 and 2689 known bacterial genera in the surface and deep-water layers, respectively. Chroobacteria, Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, and Acidimicrobiia were the most dominant classes. Shannon diversity index ranging from 2.3 - 5.39 and 4.04 - 6.86 in the surface and bottom layer, respectively. Among the diverse pathogenic genera identified, Flavobacterium was the most predominant genus. Temperature and phosphorus concentration were among the most influential factors in shaping the microbial communities of both layers. Predictive functional analysis suggests that the reservoir is enriched in motility genes involved in the flagellar assembly. The overall results present new information on the significantly altered diversity composition of the bacterial community detected in Billings freshwater reservoir.
Contribution of Geo-electrical Soundings and Pedological Wells to the Estimation of the Tonnage of Laterite Gravels of the Northwestern Flank of Mount Bangou: Implication in Road Construction.
Authors: Carlos FOKO TAMBA , Lucas KENGNI , Paul TEMATIO , MANEFOUET Bertile Ilalie , KENFACK Jean Victor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The increasing demands on lateritic gravels in road construction nowadays make it necessary to quantify the available resources that can be used in road construction. The aim of this study is to estimate the tonnage and to valorize the lateritic gravels of the North flank of Mount Bangou (West, Cameroon) in road construction. Interpretation of 48 vertical electrical soundings coupled with 20 pedological wells from 05 lateritic gravel sites was carried out to determine the thickness of the gravelly horizon. The thickness of the gravelly horizon obtained from the geo-electrical soundings is the highest (8.88 to 12.45 m) compared to that obtained from the pedological wells (1.23 to 1.98 m) and thus shows the inadequacy of the pedological wells for the determination of the thickness of the lateritic gravels. Thus, the electrical resistivity method is appropriate to estimate the thickness of the gravelly horizon. The lateritic gravels studied are characterized by the electrical resistivity curves of type K, HK, Q, QH, KQ, HKH, H and KH. The medium (8 to 36 m) and thick (13 to 44 m) zones are areas of high potential lateritic gravels. The proven reserves of lateritic gravels at the Chenye, Sekakouo, Bamendjou 1, Bamendjou 2 and Bangam sites are respectively 3479 003 t, 1 389 522 t, 5 002 505 t, 839 455 t and 2 663 105 t and can build respectively 539 298 m; 226 167 m; 131574 m; 778314 m and 401068 m of road, either as a form layer or sub-base.
MACSima Imaging Cyclic Staining (MICS) Technology Reveals Combinatorial Target Pairs for CAR T Treatment of Solid Tumors
Authors: Kinkhabwala Ali , Herbel Christoph , Pankratz Jennifer , Yushchenko Dmytro , Rüberg Silvia , Praveen Paurush , Reiß Sandy , Rodriguez Federico , Schäfer Daniel , Kollet Jutta , Dittmer Vera , Martinez-Osuna Manuel , Minnerup Lara , Reinhard Claudia , Dzionek Andrzej , Borbe Stefan , Rockel Thomas , Buescher Martin , Krieg Jürgen , Nederlof Michel , Jungblut Melanie , Eckardt Dominik , Hardt Olaf , Dose Christian , Schumann Eik , Peters Ralf-Peter , Miltenyi Stefan , Schmitz Jürgen , Müller Werner , Bosio Andreas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many critical advances in research utilize techniques that combine high-resolution with high-content characterization at the single cell level. We introduce the MICS (MACSimaTM Imaging Cyclic Staining) technology, which enables the immunofluorescent imaging of hundreds of protein targets across a single specimen at sub-cellular resolution. MICS is based on cycles of staining, imaging, and erasure, using photobleaching of fluorescent labels of recombinant antibodies (REAfinityTM), release of antibodies (REAleaseTM) or their labels (REAdyeleaseTM). Multimarker analysis can identify potential targets for immune therapy against solid tumors. With MICS we analysed human glioblastoma, ovarian and pancreatic carcinoma, and 16 normal tissues. One potential target pair for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies identified for ovarian carcinoma is EPCAM/THY1. Using an adapter CAR T cell approach, we show selective killing of cells only in presence of both markers. MICS represents a new high content microscopy methodology to be widely used for personalized medicine.
Modified YOLOv4 for real-time Coconut Trees Detection from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Nair Kshitij Nair , S Sibi Chakkaravarthy , Dhulipalla Ramya Krishna , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Kanungo Abhrankash , E Kannan , G. Prasada Rao , Ch Tata Babu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel system is proposed to detect coconut trees from the images taken on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We propose a model based on the YOLOv4 Detector (CSPDarknet53) to achieve accurate prediction and fast speeds that enable real-time detection and object localization for a single object class-coconut tree. The pipeline is trained on two separate datasets of images from camera embedded UAV and images from multiple sources are fed into the multi-scale detector to predict bounding boxes and labels. A simple procedure is also proposed to enable detection on a larger scale, whereby the bigger image can be cropped into multiple single images and then fed into the detector. This model is compared statistically with the other state-of-the-art deep-learning models for object detection. After field studies and experiments on the images shot via a UAV (drone), it is proved that this system can efficiently and accurately detect coconut trees on a field at a speed of 15 frames per second when trained on 500 aerial images of the coconut trees.
Characteristics and agrarian properties of biochar derived from pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust and sewage sludge for further application to soil improvement
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Palamanit Arkom , Techato Kuaanan , Chowdhury Md. Shahariar , Phoungthong Khamphe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the characteristics of biochars derived from pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust and sewage sludge, and co-pyrolysis of these feedstocks at the ratios of 50:50 and 75:25. All feedstocks were pyrolyzed at 550°C in slow pyrolysis with a moving bed pyrolysis reactor. Then, the investigated characteristics of biochar samples were determined and are reported. The rubberwood sawdust biochar (RWSB) had a higher in carbon content (86.70 wt%) and was lower in oxygen content (7.89 wt%), while sewage sludge biochar (SSB) had a higher ash content (65.61 w%) and a low carbon content (24.27 wt%). The weight losses of biochars were observed in TGA while the DTG graphs show degradation rate of biochar produced in pyrolysis specific conditions. RWSB had a lower content of Si, Fe, K, Na and P than SSB as observed by XRF. The pH of RWSB, SSB and the blends (50:50, 75:25) of biochars was in the range 8.41–10.02. High carbon content of the biochar confirms potential for its use in carbon sequestration. The large pore volumes and specific surface areas of biochars were found by SEM and BET. The available functional groups in biochars were C–O, C = C, and C–H as confirmed by FTIR. Water holding capacity (WHC) and water releasing ability (WRA) of RWSB, SSB, and the blends (50:50 and 75:25) of biochars were 1.01–3.08 (mL/g) and 1.19–52.42 (wt%), respectively. In this study, our results show that blending woody and non-woody based biochars can help address nonpoint source contaminants in environment. So, these all findings should develop as tune to parameters of thermal degradation of biomass and bio-biowaste with sustain and eco-friendly biochar production.
Microwave-assisted, Copper-free Sonogashira Coupling Between Aryl Halides and Terminal Alkynes Using Recyclable Ionic Liquid and Catalyst
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan , Quoc Nguyen Van 
Published: August 2021

:An efficient method for the Sonogashira coupling reaction between aryl halides and terminal alkynes has been developed. The reaction was performed in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) under microwave irradiation. High yields of products were obtained in a very short reaction time. Moreover, the medium and catalyst could be recovered and reused three times without considerable decrease in reaction yields.