bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Factors Against Vaping and Other Tobacco Use
Authors: Szoko Nicholas , Ragavan Maya I. , Khetarpal Susheel K. , Chu Kar-Hai , Culyba Alison J. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Vaping has gained popularity among adolescents despite negative health consequences. Few studies have focused on factors that may protect against vaping. We sought to determine if future orientation, parental monitoring, school connectedness, and social support are associated with decreased risk of vaping and other forms of tobacco use.

METHODS
Data were obtained via anonymous school-based health behavior surveys among ninth- through 12th-graders in Pittsburgh, PA (n = 2487). Protective factors were assessed through validated Likert scale instruments. The primary outcome was recent (past 30-day) vaping. Additional outcomes included other forms of tobacco use and intention to quit tobacco products. Poisson regression models examined associations between protective factors and vaping and tobacco use outcomes.

RESULTS
Mean age was 15.7 years, 1446 (58.1%) respondents were female, and 671 youth (27.0%) reported recent vaping. Positive future orientation and high parental monitoring were associated with significantly lower prevalence of recent vaping (adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.84 [95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.97] and adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.73 [95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.85], respectively). There were no significant relationships between social support or school connectedness and vaping. All 4 protective factors were inversely associated with other forms of tobacco use. No factors were significantly associated with intent to quit tobacco products.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings reveal significant inverse associations between future orientation, parental monitoring, and vaping but no relationship between protective factors and intent to quit tobacco products. Developing interventions to foster protective factors in youth and their parental supports may inform primary prevention efforts to reduce vaping and other tobacco use.
Implications of new AMS dates for the Khami Period in the Mapungubwe Landscape
Authors: Huffman Thomas N. , Woodborne Stephan 
Published: July 2021

After the abandonment of Mapungubwe, the Limpopo Valley was reoccupied first by Sotho people, making Icon pottery, and then by Kalanga speakers making Khami pottery. The senior Kalanga chief, in this case Twamamba, was based at Machemma about 60 km to the south, while several petty chiefs administered various portions of the valley itself. Because of fluctuating rainfall, the occupations of both Sotho and Kalanga people occurred in pulses during higher rainfall periods. New AMS dates place one site in the Icon Period, eight sites in Pulse 1 (AD 1400–1480) and eight sites or components in Pulse 2 (AD 1520–1590). Kalanga people occupied the best agricultural land near the Limpopo floodplains and Sotho people lived on the plateau to the south. The two groups thus shared the landscape, but not the resources equally. The ceramic record documents this unequal interaction. This interaction, facilitated by male and female initiation schools on the ethnic boundary, helped to create Venda as a language and macro-cultural entity.Significance:

Interaction between Sotho (Icon) and Kalanga (Khami) over some 200 years led to the creation of Venda.
New radiocarbon dates relate to Tshivenda origins, the language spoken by Venda today.
Initiation schools in the Limpopo Valley provide a model for interaction in the rest of Venda.
Association between synovial fluid prostanoid levels and ultrasonographic findings in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: ÖZEN Gülsev , ŞEN Ekin İlke , ÇELİK Zeynep , ŞAHBAZ Tuğba , TOPAL Gökçe , DIRAÇOĞLU Demirhan 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prostanoid [thromboxane (TxA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2)] levels in synovial fluid and infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP)/ suprapatellar fat pad (SPFP) thickness as well as other clinical findings in knee steoarthritis (OA) patients.
Materials and Methods: 16 patients with knee OA with effusion were included. The average pain levels were evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The pain, stiffness, and physical functions were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The levels of 6-keto-PGF1α, stable metabolite of PGI2, and TxB2, stable metabolite of TxA2, were measured in synovial fluid using an enzyme immunoassay.
Results: 6-keto-PGF1α levels were significantly greater than TxB2 levels in synovial fluid of patients with OA. TxB2 levels and TxB2/6-keto- PGF1α ratio were negatively correlated with SPFP and cartilage thickness, respectively. IPFP thickness was positively correlated with SPFP thickness and effusion volume. WOMAC scores were positively correlated with VAS-activity and VAC-evening scores.
Conclusion: In comparison to 6-keto- PGF1α levels in synovial fluid, TxB2 levels seem to be more associated with ultrasonographic findings in patients with OA.
Anxiety, health anxiety and somatosensory amplification levels in individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome with normal electromyography
Authors: DEMİR Bahadır , AKALTUN Mazlum Serdar , ALTINDAĞ Özlem , KARAOGLAN Hacer , ALTINDAĞ Abdurrahman , GÜRSOY Savaş , GÜR Ali 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of anxiety, health anxiety and somatosensory amplification in patients who presented with the clinical manifestation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) without electromyography findings.
Materials and Methods: Patients who applied to the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic, respectively, and were diagnosed with CTS with clinical findings were included in the study. The patients who were determined to have no evidence of conduction loss in EMG were evaluated by using Short Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18), SomatoSensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ).
Results: A total of 111 participants were included in the study, of whom 56 were patients and 55 were healthy control subjects. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). A statistically significant relationship was observed between these scales and the VAS, BCTQ symptom-severity and BCTQ function status in the positive direction.
Conclusion: In our study, it was shown that the patient group showed higher anxiety, health anxiety and somatosensory amplification characteristics, and these features were associated with the severity of the CTS clinical scales. Studies with large-scale samples are needed to be carried out to confirm the results of this study.
Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and influencing factors in women
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU Arife Zuhal , KOCAÖZ Semra , ÇIRPAN Rabiye 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of LUTS in women and the influencing risk factors.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 377 women who presented to the internal medicine outpatient departments of a training and research hospital for examination. The data were collected with a questionnaire form and the “Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-Short Form (BFLUTS-SF)”.
Results: The prevalence of at least one LUTS in women was 92.3%. A statistically significant relationship was found between the menopausal status, chronic cough, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) presence in the mother or sister, the presence of a large baby and SUI in a previous pregnancy, and the BFLUTS-SF total scores.
Conclusion: We found that storage-related symptoms were most common in these women, and LUTS affected the sexual life and quality of life negatively. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the sensitivity of health professionals to this issue, and to raise the awareness of women about the risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of LUTS with future training.
Prevalence and Clinicopathologic Features of Lip Lesions based on Biopsy
Authors: Moghimi Mansour , Kamal Pegah 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic features of lip lesions for early diagnosis and suitable treatment of patients.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on158 patients with lip lesions whose information was recorded in the Department of Pathology of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital from 2008-2012. Then the data were analyzed bySPSS software ver. 16, Chi- Square and Fisher’s Exact Test. In this study p-value was considered significant (P<0.05).
Results: This study was performed on 158 cases (77 male and 81 female) with age ranged of 4-93 years. From those, 44 had malignant and 114 had benign lesions. The most common malignancy in this study was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinomas (BCC), respectively. In benign lesions reactive ones, benign tumors and inflammatory lesions were more common, respectively.
Conclusion: The most common lip lesions were generally benign tumors, involving the lower lip. In addition, the incidence of malignant lesions was directly related to aging. For this purpose, in any elderly person with a lip lesion, specially squamous cell carcinoma, must first be ruled out.
WORKPLACE DEVIANCE REVIEW – A PHILOSOPHICAL STANCE
Authors: Arshad Mamoona , Malik Muhammad Abdur Rahman 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The research aimed to compile extensive literature on workplace deviance typology.
Methodology: The research comprises a systematic literature review. The review helps to understand the extensive work on workplace deviance (1983-2019). The articles were shortlisted based on PRISMA, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews, to provide a clear picture. Based on 75 shortlisted articles from financial times (FT) – 50. The shortlisted articles comprise four clusters, i.e., antecedents, consequences, mediators, and moderators.
Main Findings: The research found the need to explore future research based on a social constructivist lens.
Applications of this study: The research provides a way forward to extend research in workplace deviance. Research developed a framework to guide future research on the new relationships of workplace deviance. Hence, empirical work on these relationships can offer new insights into construct dimensionality, methodology, and philosophy.
Novelty/Originality of this study: After highlighting the key contributions of the previous researchers, the research attempted to articulate the ontology of workplace deviance by suggesting the need to investigate it through a different philosophical lens. Researchers then identified various gaps to be addressed in the future.
Las funciones del Derecho concursal: tendencias actuales en el Derecho comparado
Authors: Moreno Buendía Francisco Jesús 
Published: July 2021

Las crisis económicas sufridas por la mayoría de los países industrializados han removido los cimientos del Derecho concursal, especialmente en lo que atañe a sus principios y funciones elementales. En este sentido, el aumento del volumen y de la complejidad de las estructuras empresariales ha incidido notablemente en las recientes reformas del Derecho concursal, las cuales han tratado de incentivar la función conservativa de los procedimientos concursales. La tendencia actual consiste en proteger la empresa en crisis mediante su saneamiento o rehabilitación, pero este loable propósito no puede ser ajeno a un análisis económico-funcional de la solución concursal que se aplique en cada caso.
Las crisis económicas sufridas por la mayoría de los países industrializados han removido los cimientos del Derecho concursal, especialmente en lo que atañe a sus principios y funciones elementales. En este sentido, el aumento del volumen y de la complejidad de las estructuras empresariales ha incidido notablemente en las recientes reformas del Derecho concursal, las cuales han tratado de incentivar la función conservativa de los procedimientos concursales.
El propósito de este artículo es analizar las dinámicas en la configuración de la función del Derecho concursal presentes en las recientes intervenciones legislativas llevadas a cabo por algunos países Europeos y Latinoamericanos. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se sigue fundamentalmente un método analítico-descriptivo, a través del cual se justifica la relevancia interpretativa de la función del Derecho concursal, y se exponen las funciones tradicionales atribuidas al Derecho concursal y el protagonismo de la función conservativa presente en las últimas reformas concursales. A partir de ello, se realiza un análisis económico-funcional de esta tendencia, lo cual permite descubrir las tensiones existentes entre la función conservativa y la función solutoria de los procedimientos concursales. Desde esta perspectiva, se concluye sobre la necesidad de priorizar la finalidad solutoria de los procedimientos concursales, a pesar de la relevancia que actualmente se atribuye a la protección de la empresa en crisis mediante su saneamiento o rehabilitación.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA JENIS KELAMIN DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN SIKAP ILMIAH MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH BOTANI TUMBUHAN RENDAH DI PRODI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FKIP UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
Authors: Amintarti Sri , Ajizah Aulia , Utami Nurul Hidayati 
Published: July 2021

Pada Capaian Pembelajaran Lulusan (CPL) matakuliah Botani Tumbuhan Rendah(BTR) diharapkan mahasiswa mampu secara kognitif dan sikap untuk menginternalisasi berbagai sikap ilmiah seperti sikap ingin tahu, sikap respek terhadap fakta, sikap berpikir kritis, sikap penemuan, dan sikap ketekunan, sehingga perlu dilakukan pembaharuan pembelajaran yang dapat mengakomodasi hal tersebut. Aspek pembaharuan salah satunya adalah menilai kemampuan belajar peserta didik. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan hasil belajar dan sikap ilmiah mahasiswa mata kuliah BTR. Metode penelitian merupakan metode Survey. Data diperoleh melalui angket mengenai sikap ilmiah, observasi sikap ilmiah selama berlangsungnya pembelajaran (praktikum) serta menggunakan instrumen tes evaluasi hasil belajar untuk mengetahui ketercapaian hasil belajar kognitif. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan Uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif (r=1) antara jenis kelamin dengan hasil belajar dan sikap ilmiah, meskipun hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan hasil belajar tidak bermakna secara signifikan (P=0,239). Akan tetapi antara jenis kelamin dengan sikap ilmiah memiliki korelasi yang sangat signifikan (P<0,01).Kata kunci: Korelasi, Jenis kelamin, Hasil belajar, Sikap ilmiah
KOMPOSISI GUILD BURUNG DI KAWASAN RAWA KALANG KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN
Authors: Riefani Maulana Khalid 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak.Keanekaragaman jenis burung di rawa kalang Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS) dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator karena kehidupan burung dipengaruhi faktor biotik dan abioti.kualitas lingkungan.Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragamanjenis burung dan komposisi guild burung di kawasan rawa kalang.Melalui titik kelimpahan dan penjelajahan, burung kawasan rawa kalang diamati dan diidentifikasi visualdan didokumentasikan.Parameter yang didata adalah tipe habitat, jam dan menit kehadiran, nama spesies, dan jumlah individu. Data ditabulasidan dianalisis keanekaragaman jenisnya. Status perlindungan, konservasi,perdagangan, dan pemanfaatan sumber daya pakan. Hasil pengambilan data dalam rangkaian kegiatan penelitian lapangan pada bulan Mei, Juli, dan Agustus 2017 mengidentifikasi 59 spesies burung dari 32 famili burung yang menggunakan habitat rawa kalang untuk beraktivitas. Tujuh belas diantara burung kawasan rawa kalang dilindungi PP No 7 Tahun 1999.Indeks keanekaragaman burung di kawasan rawa kalang sedang (H’ = 1,121). Komposisi guildyang paling banyak ditemukan adalah kelompok pemakan invertebrata dan vertebratasebesar 38,98%. Kata kunci: keanekaragaman, burung,rawa kalang,habitat, guild
A National Framework to Improve Mortality, Morbidity, and Disparities Data for COVID-19 and Other Large-Scale Disasters
Authors: Stoto Michael A. , Rothwell Charles , Lichtveld Maureen , Wynia Matthew K. 
Published: July 2021

Timely and accurate data on COVID-19 cases and COVID-19‒related deaths are essential for making decisions with significant health, economic, and policy implications. A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine proposes a uniform national framework for data collection to more accurately quantify disaster-related deaths, injuries, and illnesses. This article describes how following the report’s recommendations could help improve the quality and timeliness of public health surveillance data during pandemics, with special attention to addressing gaps in the data necessary to understand pandemic-related health disparities.
Out-of-Hospital COVID-19 Deaths: Consequences for Quality of Medical Care and Accuracy of Cause of Death Coding
Authors: Pathak Elizabeth B. , Garcia Rebecca B. , Menard Janelle M. , Salemi Jason L. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives. To examine age and temporal trends in the proportion of COVID-19 deaths occurring out of hospital or in the emergency department and the proportion of all noninjury deaths assigned ill-defined causes in 2020. Methods. We analyzed newly released (March 2021) provisional COVID-19 death tabulations for the entire United States. Results. Children (younger than 18 years) were most likely (30.5%) and elders aged 64 to 74 years were least likely (10.4%) to die out of hospital or in the emergency department. In parallel, among all noninjury deaths, younger people had the highest proportions coded to symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions, and percentage symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions increased from 2019 to 2020 in all age–race/ethnicity groups. The majority of young COVID-19 decedents were racial/ethnic minorities. Conclusions. The high proportions of all noninjury deaths among children, adolescents, and young adults that were coded to ill-defined causes in 2020 suggest that some COVID-19 deaths were missed because of systemic failures in timely access to medical care for vulnerable young people. Public Health Implications. Increasing both availability of and access to the best hospital care for young people severely ill with COVID-19 will save lives and improve case fatality rates.
Mechanism Construction of Human Resource Management based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Li Long , Zhang Huimin , Dong Yinhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The traditional human resource management system is faced with such problems as the quality of staff recruitment can not be guaranteed, the training performance is not consistent with the actual performance, the enterprise performance appraisal is unfair, and the salary distribution is unfair, which seriously affects the enthusiasm and loyalty of employees and threatens the survival and development of enterprises. In view of the current situation and problems of human resource management system, combined with the technical characteristics of blockchain, this paper proposes a human resource management mechanism based on blockchain technology, in order to achieve the company’s human resource management system accurate, efficient, open and transparent. It is found that there is a good coupling between blockchain technology and human resource management system. This paper constructs a human resource management mechanism based on blockchain, innovates the application scenarios of blockchain technology, and provides certain guiding significance for the establishment of human resource management system and process improvement in the future.
Apigenin Ameliorates Lead Acetate induced Hyperlipidemia, Hypothyroidism and Hypogonadism in Male Rats
Authors: Algefare Abdulmohsen , Sedky Azza Mahmoud , Alfwuaires Manal , mahmoud omar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant and has detrimental effects on human health. Apigenin (APG) is a flavonoid that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and cardioprotective effects and is presented as treatment of some diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of APG against Pb-induced toxicity in rats. Adult male rats were given either Pb (as lead acetate; 20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with APG (20 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks by intraperitoneally injection (i.p). At the end of the experimental period, Pb accumulation, lipid profile, thyroid, and testicular function alterations were assessed. In addition, histopathological changes in the testis were assessed.Results revealed that Pb treatment significantly increased Pb concentrations in blood, thyroid gland, and in testis of rats. Further, the blood levels of hormones related to thyroid gland and testis were altered in Pb-treated rats. In parallel, low sperm count and sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities, and marked pathological changes in testis were observed. On the contrary, the treatment with both Pb and APG recorded amelioration of the deleterious effects of Pb, involving attenuation of changes in lipid profile, thyroidal and testicular hormonal levels, sperm parameters and pathological changes in Pb treated rat’s testis. In conclusion, it appears that dietary APG can ameliorate lead acetate induced hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and hypogonadism in male rats.
Avoiding the “Great Filter”: A Projected Timeframe for Human Expansion Off-World
Authors: Jiang Jonathan , Rosen Philip , Fahy Kristen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A foundational model has been developed based on trends built from empirical data of space exploration and computing power through the first six plus decades of the Space Age which projects earliest possible launch dates for human-crewed missions from cis-lunar space to selected Solar System and interstellar destinations. The model uses computational power, expressed as transistors per microprocessor, as a key broadly limiting factor for deep space missions’ reach and complexity. The goal of this analysis is to provide a projected timeframe for humanity to become a multi-world species through off-world colonization, and in so doing all but guarantees the long-term survival of the human race from natural and human-caused calamities that could befall life on Earth. Beginning with the development and deployment of the first nuclear weapons near the end of World War II, humanity entered a ‘Window of Peril’ which will not be safely closed until robust off-world colonies become a reality. Our findings suggest the first human-crewed missions to land on Mars, selected Asteroid Belt objects, and selected moons of Jupiter and Saturn can occur before the end of the 21st century. Launches of human-crewed interstellar missions to exoplanet destinations within roughly 40 lightyears of the Solar System are seen as possible during the 23rd century and launch of intragalactic missions by the end of the 24th century. An aggressive and sustained space exploration program, which includes colonization, is thus seen as critical to the long-term survival of the human race.