bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput screening of secondary metabolites by Sorbus pohuashanensis cells under environmental stress using UHPLC‐QTOF combined with AntDAS
Authors: Yang Jian , Li Yuan , Li Jiaxing , Yuan Jie , Wang Sheng , Zhou Liangyun , Zhou Li , Kang Chuanzhi , Guo Lanping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnvironment stress can promote the synthesis and accumulation of a series of secondary metabolites, which are important quality factors in medicinal plants. However, the data related to metabolites is often too large, making it difficult to screen quickly, accurately and comprehensively various differential compounds. In this study, a high‐throughput screening method for differential secondary metabolites produced by medicinal plants under environmental stress has been developed based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF) and automatic data analysis strategy. This work uses Sorbus pohuashanensis cells with biotic stress (Harpin protein) and abiotic stress (Cd2+) as potential environmental stress factors. The results showed that S. pohuashanensis cells could rapidly respond to both Harpin protein and Cd2+ within 24 h, and a significant positive correlation was observed between their concentration (within a certain range) and induction time. The proposed screening method can automatically screen the bulk UHPLC–QTOF metabolic data for differential compounds with high‐throughput, and also perform preliminary identification of their possible structures. The screening results indicated that the stress response of S. pohuashanensis cells to Cd2+ was significantly higher than that of Harpin protein, and all of them could produce a series of biphenyls, terpenes, and other phytoalexins with stress‐resistance and physiological functional properties. Overall, the screening method provides an efficient and powerful tool to study the response mechanisms of plants to environmental stress, to improve the resistance of medicinal plants and also to select and breed high‐quality Chinese medicinal plants.
Intracultivar genetic diversity in grapevine: Water use efficiency variability within cv. Grenache
Authors: Buesa Ignacio , Escalona José M. , Tortosa Ignacio , Marín Diana , Loidi Maite , Santesteban Luis G. , Douthe Cyril , Medrano Hipólito 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe selection of genotypes best adapted to environmental conditions has traditionally focused on agronomic and grape composition parameters. However, to classify the genotypes most adapted to climate change conditions, the aim must be to focus on the ecophysiological responses that will ultimately determine their performance. The variability in water use efficiency of 13 Grenache genotypes over three‐seasons was assessed under field conditions at leaf, grape and plant level. Results showed a significant effect of genotype at all three levels, and despite the large interannual variability there was a remarkable consistency among levels. Furthermore, using genotype‐specific regressions it was possible to identify significant differences in the intrinsic water use efficiency response of each genotype as a function of the vine water status. The relationship between net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, as well as carbon isotope discrimination in grapes, were also confirmed as reliable physiological indicators for selecting grapevine genotypes to future environmental conditions. Therefore, the proposed multi‐level methodology was useful to quantify the intracultivar variability and the identification of more and less efficient genotypes within Grenache.
Oral corticosteroids stewardship for asthma in adults and adolescents: A position paper from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Blakey John , Chung Li Ping , McDonald Vanessa M. , Ruane Laurence , Gornall John , Barton Chris , Bosnic‐Anticevich Sinthia , Harrington John , Hew Mark , Holland Anne E. , Hopkins Trudy , Jayaram Lata , Reddel Helen , Upham John W. , Gibson Peter G. , Bardin Philip 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOral corticosteroids (OCS) are frequently used for asthma treatment. This medication is highly effective for both acute and chronic diseases, but evidence indicates that indiscriminate OCS use is common, posing a risk of serious side effects and irreversible harm. There is now an urgent need to introduce OCS stewardship approaches, akin to successful initiatives that optimized appropriate antibiotic usage. The aim of this TSANZ (Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand) position paper is to review current knowledge pertaining to OCS use in asthma and then delineate principles of OCS stewardship. Recent evidence indicates overuse and over‐reliance on OCS for asthma and that doses >1000 mg prednisolone‐equivalent cumulatively are likely to have serious side effects and adverse outcomes. Patient perspectives emphasize the detrimental impacts of OCS‐related side effects such as weight gain, insomnia, mood disturbances and skin changes. Improvements in asthma control and prevention of exacerbations can be achieved by improved inhaler technique, adherence to therapy, asthma education, smoking cessation, multidisciplinary review, optimized medications and other strategies. Recently, add‐on therapies including novel biological agents and macrolide antibiotics have demonstrated reductions in OCS requirements. Harm reduction may also be achieved through identification and mitigation of predictable adverse effects. OCS stewardship should entail greater awareness of appropriate indications for OCS prescription, risk–benefits of OCS medications, side effects, effective add‐on therapies and multidisciplinary review. If implemented, OCS stewardship can ensure that clinicians and patients with asthma are aware that OCS should not be used lightly, while providing reassurance that asthma can be controlled in most people without frequent use of OCS.
Comparison of effusion cell block and biopsy immunohistochemistry in mesothelial hyperplasia, mesothelioma, and carcinoma in dogs
Authors: Milne Elspeth M. , Piviani Martina , Hodgkiss‐Geere Hannah M. , Piccinelli Chiara , Cheeseman Michael , Cazzini Paola , Ressel Lorenzo , Marcos Ricardo J. , Marrinhas Carla S. , Santos Marta S. , Thomas Emily K. , Drummond Dawn , Martinez Pereira Yolanda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the cause of effusions is challenging and might require a biopsy. Whether cell blocks from effusions are representative of biopsies requires investigation. A previously developed immunohistochemical panel aids in the differentiation of hyperplastic and neoplastic mesothelium in canine biopsies but has not been investigated in effusions.ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess cell blocks as an alternative to biopsies and determine whether immunohistochemistry helps distinguish hyperplastic mesothelium, mesothelioma, and carcinoma.MethodsEffusions and biopsies were collected from five dogs with mesothelial hyperplasia (group MH), six with mesothelioma (group M), and five with carcinoma (group C). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cytokeratin, vimentin, Wilm's tumor protein 1 (WT1), desmin, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP3) was performed. Sections were scored for staining intensity and the percentage of positively stained cells.ResultsIn paired cell blocks and biopsies, vimentin and WT1 staining were positively correlated for intensity and the percentage of positive cells, although not all paired results were identical. The intensity of IMP3 staining in cell blocks was higher in group M than in group C (P = 0.012), and WT1 staining was higher in group MH than in group C (P = 0.020). For biopsies, the intensity of WT1 staining was higher in group MH than in group C (P = 0.031). In group C, WT1 was negative in all cell blocks and biopsies, and desmin was negative in four of five cases.ConclusionsIHC results for the cell blocks and biopsies were comparable for potentially useful markers, such as WT1, which helped discriminate between groups. IHC provided additional information, although results were not always definitive. Further studies on a larger population are required.
Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chorioretinal lesions in wild owl species
Authors: Keenan Alessandra V. , Oster Seth , McMullen Richard J. , Shaw Gillian C. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Teixeira Leandro B. C. , Bellah Jamie R. , Moore Phillip A. , Boveland Shannon D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate histopathology and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of wild owls with chorioretinitis and identify any potential correlation with an infectious etiology.Materials and MethodsOphthalmic examination and retinal OCT imaging were performed on fifteen great horned (Strix varia) and barred (Bubo virginianus) owls (30 eyes) with chorioretinitis and five owls with normal eyes (10 eyes). Testing to investigate the presence of potential infectious diseases included a complete blood count, biochemistry, protein electrophoresis, West Nile virus (WNV) plaque reduction neutralization test,Toxoplasma gondiimodified direct agglutination test, WNV RT‐PCR, and Avian Influenza RT‐PCR. A necropsy was performed on all owls, including ocular histopathology.ResultsFundus lesions included retinal detachment (7/15 owls), depigmented lesions (12/15), pigment clumping (8/15), and retinal tear (4/15). All birds were negative for WNV and Avian Influenza on RT‐PCR. Of the owls with chorioretinitis, 3/15 were seropositive for WNV and 7/15 forT. gondii. Optical coherence tomography of 25/30 affected eyes revealed outer retinal lesions (19/25 eyes), retinal detachment (16/25), and retinal tears (3/25). Histopathological examination revealed outer nuclear layer atrophy (19/30 eyes), retinal detachment (18/30), retinal tears (7/30), suprachoroidal hemorrhage (12/30), scleral rupture (3/30), and ossicle fracture (3/30).ConclusionsAlthough 20% of birds were seropositive for WNV and 46.6% forT. gondii, histopathologic findings supported that the posterior segment lesions in the study group were likely due to blunt ocular trauma rather than an infectious etiology. The results of OCT imaging and histopathology documented retinal changes most consistent with blunt ocular trauma.
A bimodule description of the Hecke category
Authors: Abe Noriyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor a Coxeter system and a representation$V$of this Coxeter system, Soergel defined a category which is now called the category of Soergel bimodules and proved that this gives a categorification of the Hecke algebra when$V$is reflection faithful. Elias and Williamson defined another category when$V$is not reflection faithful and proved that this category is equivalent to the category of Soergel bimodules when$V$is reflection faithful. Moreover, they proved the categorification theorem for their category with fewer assumptions on$V$. In this paper, we give a bimodule description of the Elias–Williamson category and re-prove the categorification theorem.
Using Parallel Coordinates in Optimization of Nano-Particle Drug Delivery
Authors: Kipouros Timoleon , Chamseddine Ibrahim , Kokkolaras Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNanoparticle drug delivery better targets neoplastic lesions than free drugs and thus has emerged as a safer form of cancer therapy. Nanoparticle design variables are important determinants of efficacy as they influence the drug biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Previously, we determined optimal designs through mechanistic modeling and optimization. However, the numerical nature of the tumor model and numerous candidate nanoparticle designs hinder hypothesis generation and treatment personalization. In this paper, we utilize the parallel coordinates technique to visualize high-dimensional optimal solutions and extract correlations between nanoparticle design and treatment outcomes. We found that at optimality, two major design variables are dependent, and thus the optimization problem can be reduced. In addition, we obtained an analytical relationship between optimal nanoparticle sizes and optimal distribution, which could facilitate the utilization of tumors models in preclinical studies. Our approach has simplified the results of the previously integrated modeling and optimization framework developed for nanotherapy and enhanced the interpretation and utilization of findings. Integrated mathematical frameworks are increasing in the medical field, and our method can be applied outside nanotherapy to facilitate the clinical translation of computational methods.
On Some Differences of the Thermoelectrical Effects in BN-600 and Superphenix
Authors: Podobed Serguei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses specific electromagnetic effects observed in the large circulating masses of liquid metal inherent in the heat transport systems of the commercial fast breeder reactors. It was explained why the criterion Lu of the magnetic field self-excitation in the liquid metal coolant has limiting conditions, determined by the balance nature of the thermoelectric currents circulating in reactor.
Investigation of Parameters Affecting Rotary Engine by Means of a One Zone Thermodynamic Model
Authors: Kutlar Osman Akın , Cihan Ömer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The scope of this work was to establish a one-zone thermodynamic calculation model to analyze 13B multi-side port rotary engine on the base of Mazda RX-8. Volume variation was calculated according to the basic geometrical data of the engine and heat transfer was calculated using Wilmer’s heat transfer coefficient. Combustion process was defined as heat addition according to Vibe function and simultaneously converting fresh charge to combustion products. To account related losses, discharge drag, leakage, crevice volumes, and mean friction pressure were taken into account. The port fuel injection (homogeneous mixture) was used in the model assumptions. Model calculations were validated with experimental data. Many parameters were investigated in the model such as combustion chamber pressure, mass and engine torque at different speeds, and full load conditions. Moreover, the effect of the Vibe parameter, combustion duration, and intake port variations on the torque was investigated. The highest torque value was observed in the model with only primary intake port at low rpm (1000–3750 rpm) and primary and secondary port at mid rpm (3750–6250 rpm). Higher torque values were obtained from two secondary and two auxiliaries than primary, secondary, and auxiliary in the literature at high rpm (6250–8500 rpm). Combustion duration, Vibe parameter, and variations of different intake ports have a significant effect on the engine characteristics. The thermodynamic model developed in this study may be used as an effective tool to examine the performance parameters of the Wankel engine.
Late Quaternary geochronologic record of soil formation and erosion: Effects of climate change on Mojave Desert hillslopes (Nevada, USA)
Authors: Persico L.P. , McFadden L.D. , McAuliffe J.R. , Rittenour T.M. , Stahlecker T.E. , Dunn S.B. , Brody S.A.T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimate change is an often-cited control on geomorphic processes in the arid southwestern United States, but links to direct climatic factors and vegetation change remain under debate. Hillslopes at a site in the eastern Mojave Desert in southern Nevada are mantled by 0–1.5 m of colluvial deposits. Accumulation of weathered bedrock combined with eolian inputs of fine sand and silt led to the formation of well-developed soil profiles. Surface sediments from both sources were incorporated into colluvium, allowing both processes to be dated with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). OSL ages indicate a period of increased colluviation in the Late Pleistocene facilitated by enhanced bedrock weathering and dust deposition. Hillslope aspect strongly controls predominant soil environments and associated vegetation. Well-developed soils with dense grass cover extensively mantle the mesic north-aspect hillslopes, while more xeric south-aspect hillslopes are dominated by thin colluvium with minimal soil development, extensive bedrock exposure, and desertscrub vegetation. Remnants of older colluvium with moderately developed soils on south aspects, however, indicate they were once more extensively mantled by thicker colluvial deposits. The transition to drier conditions in the Holocene diminished vegetation cover on more xeric south aspects, triggering widespread erosion, whereas the more mesic north aspects retained denser grass cover that minimized erosion. The transition to drier conditions in the Holocene altered the vegetation; however, persistent perennial grass cover minimized erosion into the middle Holocene. Increasing aridity during the middle Holocene significantly reduced grass cover on more xeric south aspects, triggering erosion and alluvial deposition. OSL dates of dust incorporated into terrace sediments indicate late Middle Holocene aggradation and soil development in the Late Holocene. In contrast, maintenance of substantial perennial grass cover on mesic north aspects minimized erosion from those hillslopes throughout the Holocene.
New insights into change of lens proteins’ stability with ageing under physiological conditions
Authors: Luo Chenqi , Xu Jingjie , Fu Chenxi , Yao Ke , Chen Xiangjun 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAge-related cataract, which presents as a cloudy lens, is the primary cause of vision impairment worldwide and can cause more than 80% senile blindness. Previous studies mainly explored the profile of lens proteins at a low concentration because of technical limitations, which could not reflect physiological status. This study focuses on protein stability changes with ageing under physiological conditions using a novel equipment, Unchained Labs (Uncle), to evaluate protein thermal stability.MethodsSamples were assessed through Unchained Labs, size-exclusion chromatography, western blot and biophysics approaches including the Thioflavin T, ultraviolet and internal fluorescence.ResultsWith age, the melting temperature value shifted from 67.8°C in the young group to 64.2°C in the aged group. Meanwhile, crystallin may form more isomeric oligomers and easy to be degraded in aged lenses. The spectroscopic and size-exclusion chromatography results show a higher solubility after administrated with lanosterol under the environmental stress.ConclusionWe are the first to explore rabbit lens protein stability changes with ageing using biophysical methods under physiological conditions, and this study can conclude that the structural stability and solubility of lens proteins decrease with ageing. Additionally, lanosterol could aid in resolving protein aggregation, making it a potential therapeutic option for cataracts. So, this study provides cataract models for anti-cataract drug developments
Do physical interventions improve outcomes following concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis?
Authors: Reid Susan A , Farbenblum Joshua , McLeod Shreya 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of physical interventions (subthreshold aerobic exercise, cervical, vestibular and/or oculomotor therapies) on days to recovery and symptom scores in the management of concussion.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, CINAHL, Embase, SportDiscus, Cochrane library, Scopus and PEDro.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials of participants with concussion that evaluated the effect of subthreshold aerobic exercise, cervical, vestibular and/or oculomotor therapies on days to recovery/return to activity, symptom scores, balance, gait and/or exercise capacity.ResultsTwelve trials met the inclusion criteria: 7 on subthreshold aerobic exercise, 1 on vestibular therapy, 1 on cervical therapy and 3 on individually tailored multimodal interventions. The trials were of fair to excellent quality on the PEDro scale. Eight trials were included in the quantitative analysis. Subthreshold aerobic exercise had a significant small to moderate effect in improving symptom scores (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.43, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.67, p=0.001, I2=0%) but not in reducing days to symptom recovery in both acutely concussed individuals and those with persistent symptoms (SMD=0.19, 95% CI −0.54 to 0.93, p=0.61, I2=52%). There was limited evidence for stand-alone cervical, vestibular and oculomotor therapies. Concussed individuals with persistent symptoms (>2 weeks) were approximately 3 times more likely to have returned to sport by 8 weeks (relative risk=3.29, 95% CI 0.30 to 35.69, p=0.33, I2=83%) if they received individually tailored, presentation-specific multimodal interventions (cervical, vestibular and oculo-motor therapy). In addition, the multimodal interventions had a moderate effect in improving symptom scores (SMD=0.63, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.15, p=0.02, I2=0%) when compared with control.ConclusionsSubthreshold aerobic exercise appears to lower symptom scores but not time to recovery in concussed individuals. Individually tailored multimodal interventions have a worthwhile effect in providing faster return to sport and clinical improvement, specifically in those with persistent symptoms.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020108117.
Association between hepatic fat and subclinical vascular disease burden in the general population
Authors: Cai Xinting , Rospleszcz Susanne , Mensel Birger , Schminke Ulf , Kühn Jens-Peter , Aghdassi Ali Alexander , Storz Corinna , Lorbeer Roberto , Schlett Christopher L , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Hohenester Simon , Bülow Robin , Bamberg Fabian , Peters Annette , Thorand Barbara , Völzke Henry , Nano Jana 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveIt is still controversial if increased hepatic fat independently contributes to cardiovascular risk. We aimed to assess the association between hepatic fat quantified by MRI and various subclinical vascular disease parameters.DesignWe included two cross-sectional investigations embedded in two independent population-based studies (Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): n=1341; Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA): n=386). The participants underwent a whole-body MRI examination. Hepatic fat content was quantified by proton-density fat fraction (PDFF). Aortic diameters in both studies and carotid plaque-related parameters in KORA were measured with MRI. In SHIP, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque were assessed by ultrasound. We used (ordered) logistic or linear regression to assess associations between hepatic fat and subclinical vascular disease.ResultsThe prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) (PDFF >5.6%) was 35% in SHIP and 43% in KORA. In SHIP, hepatic fat was positively associated with ascending (β, 95% CI 0.06 (0.04 to 0.08)), descending (0.05 (0.04 to 0.07)) and infrarenal (0.02 (0.01 to 0.03)) aortic diameters, as well as with higher odds of plaque presence (OR, 95% CI 1.22 (1.05 to 1.42)) and greater cIMT (β, 95% CI 0.01 (0.004 to 0.02)) in the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted model. However, further adjustment for additional cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly body mass index, attenuated these associations. In KORA, no significant associations were found.ConclusionsThe relation between hepatic fat and subclinical vascular disease was not independent of overall adiposity. Given the close relation of FLD with cardiometabolic risk factors, people with FLD should still be prioritised for cardiovascular disease screening.