bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy via a PI3K-AKT-mTOR-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Shuang , Gao Zhanqun , Li Shuangjia , Tan Qingyun , Li Yanmei , Wang Dongwei , Wang Qingdong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme for tryptophan metabolism, involved in immune cell differentiation/maturation and cancer biology. IDO1 is also expressed in cardiomyocytes, but its roles in the cardiovascular system are not fully understood. Here, we reported the functions of IDO1 during cardiac hypertrophy. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot experiments demonstrated the upregulation of IDO1 mRNA and protein levels in human and hypertrophic mouse hearts, as well as in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophic rat cardiomyocytes. IDO1 activity and metabolite product kynurenine were upregulated in rodent hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of IDO1 activity with PF-06840003 reduced Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and rescued cardiac function in mice. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Ido1 repressed Ang II-induced growth in cardiomyocyte size and overexpression of hypertrophy-associated genes atrial natriuretic peptide (Anp or Nppa), brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp or Nppb), β-myosin heavy chain (β-Mhc or Myh7). By contrast, adenovirus-mediated rat Ido1 overexpression in cardiomyocytes promoted hypertrophic growth induced by Ang II. Mechanism analysis showed that IDO1 overexpression was associated with PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling to activate the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which promoted protein synthesis in Ang II-induced hypertrophy of rat cardiomyocytes. Finally, we provided evidence that inhibition of PI3K with pictilisib, AKT with perifosine, or mTOR with rapamycin, blocked the effects of IDO1 on protein synthesis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in Ang II-treated cells. Collectively, our findings identify that IDO1 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy partially via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-S6K1 signaling.
Blood Flow Velocity Pulsatility and Arterial Diameter Pulsatility Measurements of the Intracranial Arteries Using 4D PC-MRI
Authors: van Hespen Kees M. , Kuijf Hugo J. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Luijten Peter R. , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract4D phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) allows for the visualization and quantification of the cerebral blood flow. A drawback of software that is used to quantify the cerebral blood flow is that it oftentimes assumes a static arterial luminal area over the cardiac cycle. Quantifying the lumen area pulsatility index (aPI), i.e. the change in lumen area due to an increase in distending pressure over the cardiac cycle, can provide insight in the stiffness of the arteries. Arterial stiffness has received increased attention as a predictor in the development of cerebrovascular disease. In this study, we introduce software that allows for measurement of the aPI as well as the blood flow velocity pulsatility index (vPI) from 4D PC-MRI. The internal carotid arteries of seven volunteers were imaged using 7 T MRI. The aPI and vPI measurements from 4D PC-MRI were validated against measurements from 2D PC-MRI at two levels of the internal carotid arteries (C3 and C7). The aPI and vPI computed from 4D PC-MRI were comparable to those measured from 2D PC-MRI (aPI: mean difference: 0.03 (limits of agreement: −0.14 – 0.23); vPI: 0.03 (−0.17–0.23)). The measured blood flow rate for the C3 and C7 segments was similar, indicating that our proposed software correctly captures the variation in arterial lumen area and blood flow velocity that exists along the distal end of the carotid artery. Our software may potentially aid in identifying changes in arterial stiffness of the intracranial arteries caused by pathological changes to the vessel wall.
Insight into Glutamatergic Involvement in Rewarding Effects of Mephedrone in Rats: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Wronikowska Olga , Zykubek Maria , Michalak Agnieszka , Pankowska Anna , Kozioł Paulina , Boguszewska-Czubara Anna , Kurach Łukasz , Łazorczyk Artur , Kochalska Katarzyna , Talarek Sylwia , Słowik Tymoteusz , Pietura Radosław , Kurzepa Joanna , Budzyńska Barbara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMephedrone is a widely used drug of abuse, exerting its effects by interacting with monoamine transporters. Although this mechanism has been widely studied heretofore, little is known about the involvement of glutamatergic transmission in mephedrone effects. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated glutamatergic involvement in rewarding effects of mephedrone using an interdisciplinary approach including (1) behavioural study on effects of memantine (non-selective NMDA antagonist) on expression of mephedrone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats; (2) evaluation of glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus of rats following 6 days of mephedrone administration, using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); and (3) determination of glutamate levels in the hippocampus of rats treated with mephedrone and subjected to MRS, using ion-exchange chromatography. In the presented research, we confirmed priorly reported mephedrone-induced rewarding effects in the CPP paradigm and showed that memantine (5 mg/kg) was able to reverse the expression of this effect. MRS study showed that subchronic mephedrone administration increased glutamate level in the hippocampus when measured in vivo 24 h (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) and 2 weeks (5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) after last injection. Ex vivo chromatographic analysis did not show significant changes in hippocampal glutamate concentrations; however, it showed similar results as obtained in the MRS study proving its validity. Taken together, the presented study provides new insight into glutamatergic involvement in rewarding properties of mephedrone.
A tainted reputation it deserves? Crime in the trotting sector of Dutch horse racing
Authors: Reuselaars Angelique , Bovenkerk Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Netherlands are a small country with an urban underworld history before a serious problem of organized crime has developed since the 1980. The interest of the mob in Horse Race Betting flourished before that time. After a long period of Prohibition since 1911 horse racing (especially trotting) and betting on the results has become a very popular pastime since it was permitted in 1948. Especially during the nineteen seventies and eighties horse races drew a large audience and to a lesser degree they still do. However, bookmaking has always been forbidden since 1911 and that by itself presented in invitation to (organized) crime. Other well-known criminal byproducts of horse racing such as drugging horses, laundering money and matchfixing have been observed but as we measured only to a very moderate degree. The social variety of aficionados for the races is amazing. While doing historical and ethnographic field research at the race tracks we registered a mixture of people of humble origins as well as big entrepreneurs. There were members of the royal family but also well-known criminals. It is amazing to find out to what degree the latter have been accepted by the entire horse racing community.
A gaze-based interactive system to explore artwork imagery
Authors: Dondi Piercarlo , Porta Marco , Donvito Angelo , Volpe Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInteractive and immersive technologies can significantly enhance the fruition of museums and exhibits. Several studies have proved that multimedia installations can attract visitors, presenting cultural and scientific information in an appealing way. In this article, we present our workflow for achieving a gaze-based interaction with artwork imagery. We designed both a tool for creating interactive “gaze-aware” images and an eye tracking application conceived to interact with those images with the gaze. Users can display different pictures, perform pan and zoom operations, and search for regions of interest with associated multimedia content (text, image, audio, or video). Besides being an assistive technology for motor impaired people (like most gaze-based interaction applications), our solution can also be a valid alternative to the common touch screen panels present in museums, in accordance with the new safety guidelines imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Experiments carried out with a panel of volunteer testers have shown that the tool is usable, effective, and easy to learn.
Beratung im Aktivierungsparadigma
Authors: Freier Carolin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungBeratung im Jobcenter unterscheidet sich von anderen Beratungssituationen u. a. durch den Abschluss einer Eingliederungsvereinbarung. Dies sind rechtsverbindliche Verträge zwischen Jobcenter und Arbeitsuchenden, die das Prinzip „Fördern und Fordern“ in der aktivierenden Sozialpolitik umsetzen sollen. Eingliederungsvereinbarungen werden insbesondere kritisch diskutiert, da in ihnen die Elemente des Forderns betont und gleichzeitig die Arbeitsinteressen und Lebensbedürfnisse der Arbeitssuchenden nur partiell eingebracht werden. Ob die Eingliederungsvereinbarung eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt, um das Fordern in der Beratungssituation zu verankern, untersucht der Beitrag unter den Bedingungen eines Feldexperimentes. Darin wurden der Einsatz der Eingliederungsvereinbarung und die Möglichkeit, auf ihrer Basis zu sanktionieren, zufällig variiert. Interaktionsbeobachtungen und semistrukturierte Interviews mit Beratungspersonal und Arbeitsuchenden werden im Anschluss an die Rahmenanalyse sowie den dramaturgischen Ansatz von Erving Goffman analysiert. Der Beitrag zeigt: Ob das Beratungsgespräch eher fordernd oder unterstützend angelegt ist, wird weniger durch den Abschluss oder Nichtabschluss der Eingliederungsvereinbarung beeinflusst, sondern vielmehr durch die Rahmung des Beratungsgesprächs und das „impression management“ Arbeitsuchender.
Mitochondrial genome announcements need to consider existing short sequences from closely related species to prevent taxonomic errors
Authors: Teske Peter R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reconstruction of complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) has considerable potential to clarify species relationships in cases where morphological analysis and DNA sequencing of individual genes are inconclusive. However, the trend to use only mitogenomes for the phylogenies presented in mitogenome announcements carries the inherent risk that the study species’ taxonomy is incorrect because no mitogenomes have yet been reconstructed for its sister species. Here, I illustrate this problem using the mitogenomes of two seahorses, Hippocampus capensis and H. queenslandicus. Both specimens used for mitogenome reconstruction originated from traditional Chinese medicine markets rather than native habitats. Although mitogenome phylogenies placed these specimens correctly among the seahorses from which mitogenomes were available at the time, incorporating single-marker sequence from closely related species into the phylogenies revealed that both mitogenomes are problematic. The mitogenome of the endemic South African H. capensis did not cluster among single-marker DNA sequences of seahorses from the species’ native habitat, but among sequences submitted under the names H. casscsio, H. fuscus and H. kuda that originated from all over the Indo-Pacific, including China. Phylogenetic placement of the mitogenome of H. queenslandicus within a cluster of seahorses that also included H. spinosissimus confirms an earlier finding that H. queenslandicus is a synonym of H. spinosissimus, a widespread Indo-Pacific species that also occurs in China. It is recommended that mitogenome announcements incorporate available single-marker sequences of closely related species, not only mitogenomes. The reconstruction of mitogenomes can exacerbate taxonomic confusion if existing information is ignored.
The Influence of Situational Factors in Sacrificial Dilemmas on Utilitarian Moral Judgments
Authors: Klenk Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe standard way to test alternative descriptive theories of moral judgment is by asking subjects to evaluate (amongst others) sacrificial dilemmas, where acting classifies as a utilitarian moral judgment and not acting classifies as a deontological moral judgment. Previous research uncovered many situational factors that alter subject’s moral judgments without affecting which type of action utilitarianism or deontology would recommend. This literature review provides a systematic analysis of the experimental literature on the influence of situational factors on moral judgments in sacrificial dilemmas. It analyses 53 articles in detail and reports mean effect sizes, as well as operationalizations, for 36 situational factors that significantly influence moral judgment. Moreover, the review discusses how the impact of situational factors relates to a dual process theory of moral judgment. It supports the view that utilitarian judgments are driven by controlled cognitive processes and shows that the drivers of deontological judgments depend on valence.
“I Do Not Like Being Me”: the Impact of Self-hate on Increased Risky Sexual Behavior in Sexual Minority People
Authors: Nappa Maria Rosaria , Bartolo Maria Giuseppina , Pistella Jessica , Petrocchi Nicola , Costabile Angela , Baiocco Roberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Increased risky sexual behaviors (RSB) in sexual minority people relative to heterosexual individuals are well documented. However, the role of trans-diagnostic factors that are not sexual orientation-specific, such as self-criticism, in predicting RSB was understudied. The present study aimed to test participants’ gender and sexual orientation as moderators between self-criticism and RSB.

Methods
Data were collected during 2019. The total sample included 986 sexual minority people (Nwomen = 51%) and 853 heterosexual people (Nwomen = 46%), ranging from 18 to 35 years of age. Self-criticism dimensions (self-hate, self-inadequacy, self-reassurance), types of positive affect (relaxed, safe/content, and activated affect), and RSB were assessed. Bivariate, multivariate analyses, and moderated regression analyses were conducted.

Results
Sexual minority participants showed higher levels of RSB, self-hate, and self-inadequacy than heterosexual people. Only in sexual minority men, RSB correlated positively with self-hate and negatively with safe/content positive affect. Moderated regressions showed that only for sexual minority participants, higher RSB were predicted by higher levels of self-hate. At the same time, this association was not significant for heterosexual people controlling the effects of age, presence of a stable relationship, other self-criticism dimensions, and activation safe/content affect scale. The two-way interaction between sexual orientation and gender was significant, showing that regardless of self-hate, the strength of the association between sexual orientation and RSB is stronger for sexual minority men than sexual minority women and heterosexual participants.

Conclusions
Findings highlight the distinctive role of self-hate in the occurrence of RSB in sexual minority people and support the usefulness of developing a compassion-focused intervention to target self-hate in sexual minority people.
Preliminary study on greywater treatment using water hyacinth
Authors: Prasad Rajnikant , Sharma Dayanand , Yadav Kunwar D. , Ibrahim Hussameldin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGreywater constitutes a major portion of wastewater generated from domestic units. Greywater treatment through a natural treatment system provides a sustainable method of wastewater management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of water hyacinth as phytoremediation aquatic microphytes for greywater treatment based on optimum growth and harvesting frequency. The treatment system was operated in continuous mode for 30 days. The physicochemical properties of treated greywater and physical characteristics of water hyacinth were determined. The physiochemical parameters of the influent greywater: water temperature (23.1–24.9 °C), pH (6.94–7.94), total dissolved solids (192–648 mg/L), turbidity (9.8–49.9 NTU), chemical oxygen demand (51.2–179.2 mg/L), ammonium–nitrogen (2.8–6.16 mg/L), and phosphate–phosphorous (0.45–1.168 mg/L). The results showed an average removal of ammonium–nitrogen, phosphate–phosphorous, and chemical oxygen demand of 63.26 ± 10.47%, 61.96 ± 12.11%, and 51.91 ± 5.32%, respectively. A 75% increase in the water hyacinth biomass was observed during the study which may be attributed to the dense roots, hyperaccumulative properties, and the rapid growth rate of water hyacinth. A harvesting interval of 15–20 days was recommended for phytoremediation of greywater for efficient treatment performance. However, feasible harvesting methods need to be developed for removing only matured mother plants, leaving baby water hyacinth in the treatment system. Water hyacinth found to be a potential phytoremediation plant for greywater treatment, providing consistent quality of treated water.
Crossing the Golden Training Divide: The Science and Practice of Training World-Class 800- and 1500-m Runners
Authors: Haugen Thomas , Sandbakk Øyvind , Enoksen Eystein , Seiler Stephen , Tønnessen Espen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite an increasing amount of research devoted to middle-distance training (herein the 800 and 1500 m events), information regarding the training methodologies of world-class runners is limited. Therefore, the objective of this review was to integrate scientific and best practice literature and outline a novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite middle-distance performance. Herein, we describe how well-known training principles and fundamental training characteristics are applied by world-leading middle-distance coaches and athletes to meet the physiological and neuromuscular demands of 800 and 1500 m. Large diversities in physiological profiles and training emerge among middle-distance runners, justifying a categorization into types across a continuum (400–800 m types, 800 m specialists, 800–1500 m types, 1500 m specialists and 1500–5000 m types). Larger running volumes (120–170 vs. 50–120 km·week−1 during the preparation period) and higher aerobic/anaerobic training distribution (90/10 vs. 60/40% of the annual running sessions below vs. at or above anaerobic threshold) distinguish 1500- and 800-m runners. Lactate tolerance and lactate production training are regularly included interval sessions by middle-distance runners, particularly among 800-m athletes. In addition, 800-m runners perform more strength, power and plyometric training than 1500-m runners. Although the literature is biased towards men and “long-distance thinking,” this review provides a point of departure for scientists and practitioners to further explore and quantify the training and development of elite 800- and 1500-m running performance and serves as a position statement for outlining current state-of-the-art middle-distance training recommendations.
The Role of the Environment and Exposome in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Stefanovic Nicholas , Irvine Alan D. , Flohr Carsten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurpose of reviewAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting up to 20% of children and up to 5% of adults worldwide, contributing to significant disease-related morbidity in this patient cohort. Its aetiopathogenesis is underpinned by multiple factors, including genetic susceptibility, skin barrier defects, a skewed cutaneous immune response and microbiome perturbation in both the skin and the gut. In this review, we aim to examine the biological effects of key environmental exposures (the sum of which is termed the “exposome”) at the population, community and individual levels in order to describe their effect on AD pathogenesis.Recent findingsIt is now understood that as well as considering the type of environmental exposure with regard to its effect on AD pathogenesis, the dosage and timing of the exposure are both critical domains that may lead to either exacerbation or amelioration of disease. In this review, we consider the effects of population-wide exposures such as climate change, migration and urbanization; community-specific exposures such as air pollution, water hardness and allergic sensitisation; and individual factors such as diet, microbiome alteration, psychosocial stress and the impact of topical and systemic therapy.SummaryThis review summarises the interaction of the above environmental factors with the other domains of AD pathogenesis, namely, the inherent genetic defects, the skin barrier, the immune system and the cutaneous and gut microbiota. We specifically emphasise the timing and dosage of exposures and its effect on the cellular and molecular pathways implicated in AD.
Multi-factor dynamic analysis of the deformation of a coal bunker in a coal preparation plant
Authors: Xiao Shuangshuang , Yang Qing , Dong Guowei , Wang Hongsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo assess the deformation of a coal bunker and propose effective preventative measures for such, a real-time monitoring system was designed. Moreover, methods were proposed for monitoring the coal-bunker inclination, settlement, groundwater level, temperature, and material level. By using a vector autoregression model and time-series data for the coal-bunker deformation, a long-term equilibrium relationship was derived between the coal-bunker inclination and settlement and their influencing factors. The dynamic effects of each factor on the coal-bunker inclination and settlement and how the contribution of each factor changes were revealed by using an impulse response function and variance decomposition. The results show that the coal-bunker inclination and settlement vary hysteretically. Groundwater level has constant and small negative effects on the coal-bunker inclination and settlement, and temperature has continuous and significant negative effects; however, material level has constant positive effects on the coal-bunker settlement and slightly influences the eastward inclination while significantly influencing the northward inclination of the coal bunker. Also, unbalanced loading has little influence on the coal-bunker settlement and eastward inclination but significant influence on its northward inclination. Therefore, monitoring of the coal-bunker deformation should be strengthened in summer, and sudden changes in material level and unbalanced loading should be avoided during production. Moreover, the coal-bunker inclination can be adjusted by unbalanced loading in the reverse direction.
Orbifold transversality
Authors: McQuillan Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe prove a best possible transversality theorem for maps from manifolds to orbifolds, and, more generally arbitrary differentiable Deligne–Mumford classifying champs, 0.1, of groupoids $$R\rightrightarrows U$$

R
⇉
U

in separated, 0.2, manifolds. En passant, the essentially finite dimensional linear algebra nature of jet transversality is isolated.
The Influence of Clustering Population on Estimation Accuracy of Population Totals Vector
Authors: Wywiał Janusz L. , Sitek Grzegorz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe estimation accuracy of a population totals vector based on a simple cluster sample is considered. The variance-covariance matrix of estimators depends on the intra-cluster spread of variables under study. The spread depends on the partition of the population into clusters. The variance-covariance matrix is evaluated under several variants of clustering algorithm. This lets us find the clustering algorithm providing the most accurate estimation of population vector totals.