bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototipe Pembuka dan Penutup Pintu Berbasis Arduino Uno R3 dengan Bluetooth HC-05 Menggunakan Mikro Servo
Authors: Kristono Kristono , Salim D'jayus Noor , Atmojo Rido Budi 
Published: February 2021

<p>Pintu merupakan properti keamanan paling utama dalam menjaga suatu bangunan yang ada didalamnya.Setiap orang sering merasa khawatir karena semakin maraknya tindak kejahatan yang terjadi dimana-mana. Pembuatan prototipe pembuka dan penutup pintu berbasis <em>arduinouno R3 </em>dengan <em>bluetooth HC-05</em> menggunakan <em>mikro servo</em>ini digunakan mempermudah serta memberikan keamanan manusia untuk membuka dan menutup pintu. Tanpa harus di dilakukan secara manual dan akan memerlukan waktu dan tenaga untuk melakukan hal tersebut, maka dengan memanfaatkan prototipe pembuka dan penutup pintu berbasis <em>arduino UNO R3 </em>dengan <em>bluetooth HC-05</em> menggunakan <em>mikro servo</em>akan memperpendek waktu dan menghemat tenaga. Pintu akandipasangi sebuah motor untuk menggerakkan pintu dari jarak yang ditentukan. Dengan menggunakan transmisi <em>bluetooth</em>pintu akan dikendalikan oleh manusia dengan menggunakan <em>smartphone android.</em></p>
THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Ngongare Gabriela , Samalo Nurmin , Rettob Aloysius 
Published: February 2021

This study deals with the effect of gender differences on reading comprehension. The purpose is to answer the question: Does female students perform more significantly on reading comprehension of neutral text than do male students? The study that was conducted in the academic year 2019/2020, is pre-experimental in nature intact group design, and involved 60 grade students purposely selected based on their gender as the sample. They are then assigned into two treatment groups. The data are collected using an objective type test in multiple-choice format, and are analyzed statistically using t-test for independent sample. Result of the analysis showed that at p .05 and df 58, the t-observed is larger than t-table [3.333 ≥ 2.000). This indicates that female students outperformed their male counterparts in reading comprehension. In other words, it can be stated that gender differences affect reading comprehension. Keywords: gender, reading comprehension, neutral text, EFL
AN EVALUATION OF WH-QUESTION IN ENGLISH IN MIND TEXTBOOK AN BRIGHT AN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK SEEN IN TERMS OF BLOOM’S NEW TAXONOMY
Authors: Takasana Intan Kristen G. 
Published: February 2021

The study aimed at identifying and analyzing the types and levels of WH-question in two English Textbooks namely, English in Mind Textbook (EIM) and Bright An English Textbook (BAE) for eighth grade junior high school. The objective of the analysis was to evaluate the WH –questions in the light of the Bloom’s New Taxonomy (1956) Taxonomy learning objectives ( Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, Creating).Content analysis was used to conducted all the WH-questions in the two textbooks. All the WH-questions were collected, listed, and analyzed according to Bloom’s New Taxonomy. The result from a total of 140 questions (70 questions in EIM and 70 questions in BAE) showed that most of the questions were align with remembering , understanding, and applying as the three lower – level categories, while analyzing, evaluating, and creating as the three higher-level categories constitude the lowest frequency in the two textbooks.Another result also for the proportion of higher-order questions in both Textbook showed that EIM received higher distribution while BAE constitute the highest distribution on lower-order questions. The result indicate that the textbooks failed to engage learners in the questions requiring higher levels of cognitive learning objectives.In the light of the results, the researcher suggested to modified the questions in the textbooks to cover the six levels of Bloom’s new Taxonomy and to train teachers and author of textbook to use and write question following the Bloom’s new Taxonomy. Keywords : Bloom’s New Taxonomy, WH-questions, content analysis, English Textbook
PENGARUH KUALITAS AUDIT, LEVERAGE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA
Authors: Susanti Leni , Margareta Silvia 
Published: February 2021

Earnings management is manager’s choice to manipulate the company’s financial statements to several object’s benefit. Earnings management can decrease the credibility of financial statement that be used as base of decision making. The aim of this reseach is to find empirical evidence on the effects of audit quality, leverage, and firm’s size on earnings management. This research was conducted on manufacture companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013-2017 and the samples of this research are 102 companies. The sampling technique was using purposive sampling method. Analysis method in this reseacrh was using multiple liniar regression.
The results of this research indicate that either using De Angelo Model or Modified Jones Model audit quality, leverage, and firm’s size have a significant effect on earnings management simultantly. And partially by using De Angelo Model audit quality has a negative insignificant effect, leverage has a negative significant effect, and firm’s size has a positive insignificant effect on earnings management. While using Modified Jones Model partially audit quality has a negative significant effect, leverage has a negative significant effect, and firm’s size has insignificant effect on earnings management.
DEBT DEFAULT DAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS SEBAGAI DETERMINAN PENERIMAAN OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN
Authors: Ritonga Ferdiansyah , Putri Dhela 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh debt default dan financial distress terhadap opini audit going concern pada perusahaan industri pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2014-2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 37 perusahaan dalam kurun waktu selama 3 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode regresi logistik.
Hasil penelitian ini yaitu secara simultan, variabel debt default dan financial distress secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap opini audit going concern. Dan hasil penelitian secara persial menunjukan (1) variabel debt default berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap opini audit going concern, (2) variabel financial distress berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap opini audit going concern.
The Optimum Age of Retirement Index: The Case of Malaysia
Authors: Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada  , Rashid Ating  , Yew-Joe Ho  
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a list of crucial factors that can be considered as a template for universal retirement plan. Malaysia is used as the base of our modeling. Nine crucial factors that are identified to have direct or indirect effect on the retirement plan among the three largest races in Malaysia, namely the Malay, Indians and Chinese are examined. The main objective of this research is to propose a new approach to evaluate the optimum age retirement for Malaysians in general. Hence, this new index is entitled "The Optimum Age Retirement Index (OAR-Index)". Based on the findings, the study proposed that Malaysia would be well served to increase the retirement age of the country's workforce and proposes a number of recommendations and policies to complement the retirement-age extension.
PENGARUH KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (STUDI PADA PEMBAYARAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI KOTA BANDA ACEH)
Authors: Abdullah Zulkhaidir , Hamdiah Cut 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak pada Pembayaran Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor di Kota Banda Aceh Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat yang membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor yang berjumlah 567 orang yang diperoleh dari kantor Sistem Administrasi Manunggal Satu Atap (SAMSAT) Banda Aceh. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisisi dengan menggunakan Persamaan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasil pengujian hipotesis secara bersama-samamenunjukkan hasil bahwa Fhitung sebesar 27,654 sedangkan Ftabel pada taraf signifikan α = 5% adalah sebesar 2,603, maka diduga kesadaran wajib pajak dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.Hasil pengujian statistik secara parsial terhadap variabel kesadaran wajib menunjukkan nilai t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel yaitu 7,347 2,356. Artinya kesadaran wajib pajak berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor dalam membayar pajak.Hasil analisis statistik secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan uji–t yang menunjukkan hasil bahwa nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu 5,854 2,356. Hasil koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,629 yang menunjukkan derajat hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat sebesar 62,9%. Artinya variabel kesadaran wajib pajak dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif terhadap variabel kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor dalam membayar pajak. AnalisisR squaresebesar 0,396. Artinyabahwakepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak sebesar 39,60% dipengaruhi olehvariabel kesadaran wajib pajak dan kualitas pelayanan, sedangkansisanyadipengaruhiolehfaktorlainnya yang dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak
Identification of Methyl Isocyanate and Other Complex Organic Molecules in a Hot Molecular Core, G31.41+0.31
Authors: Gorai Prasanta , Das Ankan , Shimonishi Takashi , Sahu Dipen , Mondal Suman Kumar , Bhat Bratati , Chakrabarti Sandip K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
G31.41+0.31 is a well known chemically rich hot molecular core (HMC). Using Band 3 observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), we have analyzed the chemical and physical properties of the source. We have identified methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO), a precursor of prebiotic molecules, toward the source. In addition to this, we have reported the presence of complex organic molecules (COMs) like methanol (CH3OH), methanethiol (CH3SH), and methyl formate (CH3OCHO). Additionally, we have used transitions from molecules like HCN, H13CO+, and SiO to trace the presence of infall and outflow signatures around the star-forming region. For the COMs, we have estimated the column densities and kinetic temperatures, assuming molecular excitation under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions. From the estimated kinetic temperatures of certain COMs, we found that multiple temperature components may be present in the HMC environment. Comparing the obtained molecular column densities between the existing observational results around other HMCs, it seems that the COMs are favorably produced in the hot core environment (∼100 K or higher). Though the spectral emissions toward G31.41+0.31 are not fully resolved, we find that CH3NCO and other COMs are possibly formed on grain/ice phase and populate the gas environment similar to other hot cores like Sgr B2, Orion KL, and G10.47+0.03.
Reheating after an Inflationary Universe from a Perfect Fluid and Its Comparison with Observational Data
Authors: Mirtalebian F. S. , Nozari Kourosh , Azizi Tahereh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the reheating constraints on an inflationary universe induced by perfect fluid models. Starting with the descriptions for the observables of the scalar field inflationary models in the reconstructed methods, we outline the procedure of perfect fluid inflationary models through these methods to calculate the inflationary observables and reheating. We show that the reheating e-folds number N

re
and the reheating final temperature T

re
are bound depending on the finite range of reasonable values of

. By restricting the equation-of-state parameter in the reheating stage,

, more stringent constraints can be derived for the model’s parameter space of perfect fluid. These constraints correspond to viable values of the scalar spectral index n

s
and tensor-to-scalar ratio r, released by Planck2018 observational data.
Stellar Feedback on the Earliest Stage of Massive Star Formation
Authors: Nayak O. , Meixner M. , Okada Y. , Lee M. Y. , Chevance M. , Buchbender C. , Fukui Y. , Onishi T. , Parikka A. , Stutzki J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report SOFIA/GREAT observations of high-J CO lines and [C ii] observations of the super star cluster candidate H72.97-69.39 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which is in its very early formation stage. We use our observations to determine if shocks are heating the gas or if photon-dominated regions (PDRs) are being heated by local far-UV radiation. We use a PDR model and a shock model to determine whether the CO and [C ii] lines arise from PDRs or shocks. We can reproduce the observed high-J CO and [C ii] emission with a clumpy PDR model with the following properties: a density of 104.7 cm−3, a mass of 104
M
⊙, and UV radiation of 103.5 in units of Draine field. Comparison with the ALMA beam-filling factor suggests a higher density within the uncertainty of the fit. We find the lower-limit [C ii]/total infrared (TIR) ratio (ϵ) traced by [C ii]/TIR to be 0.026%, lower than other known young star-forming regions in the LMC. Our shock models may explain the CO (16−15) and CO (11−10) emission lines with shock velocity of 8–11 km s−1, pre-shock density of 104–105 cm−3, and G
UV = 0 in units of Draine field. However, the [C ii] line emission cannot be explained by a shock model, thus it is originating in a different gas component. Observations of [O i] 63 μm predicted to be 1.1 × 10−13 W m−2 by PDR models and 7.8 × 10−15 W m−2 by shock models will help distinguish between the PDR and shock scenarios.
Sunspot Simulations: Penumbra Formation and the Fluting Instability
Authors: Panja Mayukh , Cameron Robert H. , Solanki Sami K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The fluting instability has been suggested as the driver of the subsurface structure of sunspot flux tubes. We conducted a series of numerical experiments where we used flux tubes with different initial curvatures to study the effect of the fluting instability on the subsurface structure of spots. We used the MURaM code, which has previously been used to simulate complete sunspots, to first compute four sunspots in the slab geometry and then two complete circular spots of opposite polarities. We find that the curvature of a flux tube indeed determines the degree of fluting the flux tube will undergo—the more curved a flux tube is, the more fluted it becomes. In addition, sunspots with strong curvature have strong horizontal fields at the surface and therefore readily form penumbral filaments. The fluted sunspots eventually break up from below, with lightbridges appearing at the surface several hours after fluting commences.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Predictions of Neutron-rich Lanthanide Properties as a Probe of r-process Dynamics
Authors: Vassh Nicole , McLaughlin Gail C. , Mumpower Matthew R. , Surman Rebecca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lanthanide element signatures are key to understanding many astrophysical observables, from merger kilonova light curves to stellar and solar abundances. To learn about the lanthanide element synthesis that enriched our solar system, we apply the statistical method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo to examine the nuclear masses capable of forming the r-process rare-earth abundance peak. We describe the physical constraints we implement with this statistical approach and demonstrate the use of the parallel chains method to explore the multidimensional parameter space. We apply our procedure to three moderately neutron-rich astrophysical outflows with distinct types of r-process dynamics. We show that the mass solutions found are dependent on outflow conditions and are related to the r-process path. We describe in detail the mechanism behind peak formation in each case. We then compare our mass predictions for neutron-rich neodymium and samarium isotopes to the latest experimental data from the CPT at CARIBU. We find our mass predictions given outflows that undergo an extended (n,γ)⇄(γ,n) equilibrium to be those most compatible with both observational solar abundances and neutron-rich mass measurements.
Bounds on Velocity-dependent Dark Matter–Proton Scattering from Milky Way Satellite Abundance
Authors: Maamari Karime , Gluscevic Vera , Boddy Kimberly K. , Nadler Ethan O. , Wechsler Risa H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We use the latest measurements of the Milky Way satellite population from the Dark Energy Survey and Pan-STARRS1 to infer the most stringent astrophysical bound to date on velocity-dependent interactions between dark matter particles and protons. We model the momentum-transfer cross section as a power law of the relative particle velocity v with a free normalizing amplitude, σ
MT = σ
0
v

n
, to broadly capture the interactions arising within the nonrelativistic effective theory of dark matter–proton scattering. The scattering leads to a momentum and heat transfer between the baryon and dark matter fluids in the early universe, ultimately erasing structure on small physical scales and reducing the abundance of low-mass halos that host dwarf galaxies today. From the consistency of observations with the cold collisionless dark matter paradigm, using a new method that relies on the most robust predictions of the linear perturbation theory, we infer an upper limit on σ
0 of 1.4 × 10−23, 2.1 × 10−19, and 1.0 × 10−12 cm2, for interaction models with n = 2, 4, and 6, respectively, for a dark matter particle mass of 10 MeV. These results improve observational limits on dark matter–proton scattering by orders of magnitude and thus provide an important guide for viable sub-GeV dark matter candidates.
Conception d'un e-portfolio pour les langues : réflexions autour d'une évolution didactique et techno-pédagogique
Authors: Othman Sophie 
Published: February 2021

Dans cet article, nous décrivons ce qui nous a paru particulièrement intéressant dans la démarche de conception d'un e-portfolio en montrant la méthodologie de travail et quelques exemples. Ce travail permettra d'identifier les traits saillants d'un e-portfolio intégré dans un environnement numérique pour l'enseignement-apprentissage des langues. Nous proposons également quelques lignes directrices et des points-clés qui nous semblent à prendre en compte par les concepteurs souhaitant concevoir et mettre en place un projet de e-portfolio pour les langues.
Casimir Perier
Authors: Bourset Madeleine 
Published: February 2021

Héritier d’une dynastie bourgeoise du Dauphiné, Casimir Perier (1777-1832) est l’une des personnalités éminentes du premier xixe siècle français. Membre de la Haute Banque parisienne, Régent de la Banque de France et chef d’entreprise, il fut un pionnier de la modernisation de l’économie nationale. Il mit son autorité, son énergie et son sens des responsabilités au service d’une activité politique commencée sous la Restauration, dans les rangs de l’opposition libérale. Ministre de Louis-Philippe, il donna la pleine mesure de ses qualités d’homme d’Etat en se plaçant délibérément au-dessus des partis et en adoptant une politique d’indépendance nationale. Par l’ampleur de son action marquée du sceau de sa vive intelligence, Casimir Perier prend un relief particulier dans la France des Notables.
Art et État sous la IIIe République
Authors: Genet-Delacroix Marie-Claude 
Published: February 2021

L’État, en la personne de son souverain, a depuis toujours entretenu avec l’art un rapport privilégié. L’histoire de l’art qui traite des artistes et de leurs œuvres et l’histoire qui exalte la gloire du Prince se rencontrent aisément autour des Princes-mécènes qui ont encouragé les arts et honoré les artistes. Mais quand le Prince est devenu l’Etat républicain, depuis 1875 donc, tout devient beaucoup plus complexe. Comment définir un style, juger l’action, ou évaluer le rayonnement d’un « Prince » collectif, anonyme et changeant ? L’État républicain se veut respectueux de la liberté de création (intellectuelle, artistique), des goûts et des opinions de tout un chacun : peut-il avoir une politique de l’art, voire une esthétique qui inspire son mécénat ? Au-delà des simplifications habituelles sur « l’art officiel » et l’oppression des artistes d’avant-garde, Marie-Claude Genet-Delacroix montre que la gestion du patrimoine, la politique éducative en matière d’art, le soutien de la création s’intégrent dans un véritable système des Beaux-Arts qui, loin d’être un supplément d’âme accessoire, joue un rôle capital dans le triomphe et la pérennisation du modèle républicain français, libéral et démocratique.
Potent and Selective Knockdown of Tyrosine Kinase 2 by Antisense Oligonucleotides
Authors: Tran Nhan Van , Nguyen Le Tuan Anh , Lim Kah Wai , Phan Anh Tuân 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, together with JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3. JAKs are important signaling mediators of many proinflammatory cytokines and represent compelling pharmacological targets for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Pan-acting small-molecule JAK inhibitors were approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. However, their limited selectivity among JAK members have led to undesirable side effects, driving a search toward specific JAK inhibitors. Recently, TYK2 has emerged as a target of choice for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and severe COVID-19 with an optimum balance between efficacy and safety, based on observations from human genetics studies and clinical outcomes of several agents targeting cytokine pathways for which TYK2 plays an essential role. In this article, we address selective targeting of TYK2 from the genetic sequence space through development of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) against TYK2 mRNA. Potent ASO candidates were identified from the screening of over 200 ASOs using locked nucleic acid gapmer design. The lead ASOs exhibited potent and selective knockdown of TYK2 mRNA and protein across a panel of model human cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, showing no reduction in the mRNA and protein expression levels of other JAK paralogs. In agreement with the depletion of TYK2 proteins, several TYK2-mediated cytokine signaling pathways, including IFN-α and IL-12, were inhibited upon ASO treatment. Our results established the TYK2 ASOs as investigational tool compound and potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and severe COVID-19.