bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EUROPEAN CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT COURSE FOR ADULT LEARNERS’ SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Luka Ineta 
Published: September 2021

Aim. This article aims to evaluate the target course created and the development of adult learners’ 21st century skills during the course implementation in six EU countries.
Concept. European Cultural Heritage and Skills Development Course is a culture-based blended-learning course created within the framework of the Erasmus+ project “Cultural Knowledge and Language Competences as a Means to Develop 21stCentury Skills” conducted in six EU countries: Croatia, Latvia, Slovenia, Romania, Poland and Czech Republic (Project No.2018-1-HR-01-KA204-047430; 2018-2021). The course content is presented in a form of a story, applying innovative methodologies and tools increasing adult learners’ cultural knowledge and ensuring the skills development. This article focusses on blended-learning in particular, and the course evaluation given by learners and teachers after the course implementation in the six partner countries as well as the development of adult learners’ 21st century skills.
Results and conclusion.The results indicate a positive evaluation of the learning platform, the learning methodologies and tasks as well as a positive trend considering the development of learners’ 21st century skills, including the English language competences. Although the results varied from country to country, no extremely significant differences between the evaluation done by learners and the teachers were found, thus the course may be applicable to adult teaching/learning.
Practical application.The created blended-learning course may be a viable option for developing adult learners’ 21st century skills and increasing their cultural awareness of the less known EU intangible cultural heritage.
Originality.The contribution describes the difference between flipped, hybrid and blended-learning and introduces a novel approach of creating a blended-learning course for adult learners.
TEACHING SPOKEN ENGLISH IN SPAIN: CLASSROOM PRACTICES AND TEACHERS´' PERCEPTIONS
Authors: GARCÍA-SAMPEDRO MARTA 
Published: September 2021

Aim. This article presents the results obtained in a qualitative research related to classroom practices and perceptions of teachers of English as a foreign language in Spain. The aim of this study is to present examples of good teaching practices, including the types of resources, materials and assessment used in spoken English teaching.
Methods. A qualitative investigation that used ethnographic (non-participant) observation in primary and secondary English classes was implemented in thirty-two schools. Additionally, twenty semi-structured interviews with primary and secondary teachers were conducted.
Results and conclusion. The results show significant differences between both applied methods Non-participant observation indicates that spoken communication in English is not practised sufficiently. However, based on interview results, teachers do apply appropriate language learning strategies that could allow them to successfully teach speaking skills in their students.
The results imply that in Spain, there are still many teachers and educational institutions that follow the Grammar Translation Method and other traditional methodologies, which still focus primarily on writing skills. However, several examples of good practices and inspiring methodological and motivational strategies have been found throughout this research, which might be considered as a precedent for those that focus on writing approaches.
Cognitive value. This article displays an original research supported by University of Oviedo, through which, the reader can approach to the teaching of spoken English in Spain by means of some teachers´ perceptions and examples of good practices.
Symbolic Capital as a Brand Tool of Sociocultural Life (on the Material of the Northern Cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))
Authors: Khokholova Irena , Danilova Natalya , Kysylbaikova Marina , Pestereva Kyunney , Vasileva Alina , Maximova Daryana , Dyachkovskiy Semyon 
Published: September 2021

Aim. The aim of the research is to study the symbolic capital of northern cities (semiotic potential) contained in "urban texts" and the influence of the historical memory of a multiethnic region on the political process of the region and the country as a whole, through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the symbolic space of cities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Methods. The study used the cognitive approach, the method of space-time analysis, and the method of historicism and questionnaire survey. Symbolic space as a text is a heterogeneous content.
Results. The results of the study show the importance of a symbolic resource as a brand tool, first, depending on the political context and introduction into the collective memory through a constant "reminder" of its importance and significance in the socio-cultural and everyday life of citizens. The resulting databases of monuments served as the basis for compiling a virtual album of monuments and art objects in the cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The research results can practically be applied in the field of education, politics, culture, in the study and promotion of the cultural and historical heritage of the regions of Russia.
Conclusions. The urgent problem is the task of preserving the accumulated experience and values, places of memory, relics of the past, as well as ideas about the past that are stored in the memory of its inhabitants and the transfer of this knowledge to the younger generation.
THE EFFECT OF MILITANCY ON EDUCATION AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCIES
Authors: Nawab Sher , Ullah Sami , Farooq Usman , Malik Muhammad Shafi , Ghafoor Irshad 
Published: September 2021

Background: The study was conducted in 2017 to know about the effects of militancy on education in the form of dropout from schools, destroyed infrastructure of educational institutions, decrease in literacy rate and to probe out the community perception about education in the context of adverse law and order situation in district Mohmand Agency. The study was significant because Mohmand Agency is the worst terrorist affected area.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were examining the factors causing militancy, and to determine the effects of militancy on education in Mohmand Agency.
Methodology: For this purpose, 250 sample respondents out of the total population from four selected villages viz Gurbaz, Masood, Sultan Khel and Baro Khel from tehsil Safi and Halimzai were selected. The respondents were randomly interviewed through an interview schedule. Chi-square test was used as statistical instrument to determine the association between education and different factors that cause terrorism.
Results: It was found that majority of the respondents were agreed that unemployment, poverty, drone attacks, unidentified Pak-Afghan border were the main factors that caused militancy in the area and had greatly affected the primary and secondary education in the area. Respondents were of the view that brutal activities against Muslims across the globe and presence of NATO forces in the region increased terrorism. Involvement of foreign intelligence agencies in our county and weak national security network to handle terrorist activities properly were the main causes of terrorism. Parents remain worried about their children’s education due to security threats and insufficient schools remaining in the area.
Conclusion: It was concluded that due to insecurity, lack of infrastructure and insufficient schools; education in the area under study was greatly affected. The study suggested that bringing of peace and reasonable security measures against militants can rebuild the educational environment in the study area.
Cardiac progenitor cell sheets secrete proangiogenic growth factors and locally activate capillarogenesis after infarction
Authors: Dergilev K. V. , Tsokolaeva Z. I. , Vasilets Yu. D. , Beloglazova I. B. , Parfenova E. V. 
Published: September 2021

Background. The application of tissue-engineered constructs that simulate the natural microenvironment of cells, maintain their viability and functional properties, is a new promising route for the treatment of ischemic diseases. However, the mechanisms that ensure the effectiveness of this type of treatment and the principles of choosing the optimal population of progenitor cells remain poorly understood. Aim. To study the profile of secretion of proangiogenic growth factors of cardiosphere-derived cell sheet (CS), and to study the effect of their transplantation on postinfarction myocardial vascularization. Methods. Assembly of cardiosphere-derived cell sheets were performed on thermosensitive culture plates. Characterization of cell sheets was performed using immunofluorescence staining and a commercial kit for the determination of proangiogenic factors “Mouse Angiogenesis Antibody Array”. The evaluation of the angiogenic properties of the cell graft in vivo was carried out using a rat myocardial infarction model. Results. It was found that the cardiosphere-derived cell sheet secrete factors involved in the regulation of vasculo-/angiogenesis. At the same time, the cultivation of cell sheets under hypoxic conditions (3% O2) led to an increase in the secretion of proangigenic factors VEGF and pIgF, fGf-1, FGF-2, endothelin-1, as well as MMP-9, which is involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Cell sheet transplantation on the epicardial surface of the heart after myocardial infarction ensures cell viability and local increase in capillarization of the damaged area. Conclusion. Thus, the application of cardiosphere-derived cell sheets, which have proangiogenic properties and ability to maintain post transplantation cell survival, can be considered as a promising approach for the development of new methods of therapy for heart diseases
Quality management system performance under force majeure risk (COVID-19 pandemic)
Authors: Karas D. V. , Danilchenko Y. V. , Batsina E. A. , Popsuyko A. N. , Kilizhekova D. V. , Artamonova G. V. 
Published: September 2021

Aim.To assess the effectiveness of QMS implemented by Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (NII KPSSZ) in 2020 and determine the impact of force majeure event (COVID-19 pandemic) on the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization.Methods.11 QMS processes of the NII KPSSZ in 2020 were analyzed according to 98 performance criteria. The following general scientific methods were used for the assessment of QMS: analysis, synthesis, structural and systems analysis.Results.The overall effectiveness of the QMS in 2020 was 83.5%, for the individual processes it varies from 57% to 100%. Achievement of target indicators in accordance with the criteria reflects the effectiveness of risk management in QMS processes. 27 criteria were added (9 of which were reformulated) as a result of the development of the system and the analysis of work experience in unusual circumstances for year 2021. At the end of 2021, QMS will be analyzed according to 117 criteria for the processes effectiveness.Conclusion.The presented experience of quality management system functioning in 2020 highlights the significant roles of monitoring of the main processes and performance indicators analysis of scientific and medical organization in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Such analysis is a necessary for decision-making because it allows the organization to fulfill the obligations, maintain conditions for increasing stakeholder satisfaction, monitor risks and assess opportunities associated with the environment and objectives of the organization, and ensure compliance with the standard requirements, regulations and legislation.
Association between the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and the course of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Garganeeva A. A. , Aleksandrenko V. A. , Kuzheleva E. A. , Ryabov V. V. , Rebrova T. Yu. , Afanasiev S. A. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To investigate the relationship between the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and the course of acute myocardial infarction (MI).Methods. An analysis of the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was conducted using beta-blocker-based osmotic fragility test in sixty-two patients within the first 6 hours after onset of MI symptoms.Results. The results revealed that the patients with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility experienced more complications after acute MI, such as left ventricular failure and cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia) (p = 0.026). Moreover, these patients exhibited greater myocardial injury - the concentration of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, such as creatine phosphokinase, creatine phosphokinase MB and Troponin I was increased - p = 0.009, p = 0.032 and p = 0.001, respectively. In addition to that, the patients with high osmotic fragility had a larger number of hypokinetic and akinetic segments, high impaired myocardial contractility index, and low ejection fraction. The impaired myocardial contractility index was significantly higher in patients with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (1.5 (1.22; 1.75) vs 1.12 (1.0; 1.56), U = 157.5, p = 0.032).Conclusion. Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients was associated with greater myocardial injury, manifesting through the higher concentration of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis in blood, as well as higher number of hypokinetic segments.
Potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular protection by sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (empagliflozin)
Authors: Sabirov I. S. , Murkamilov I. T. , Fomin V. V. 
Published: September 2021

The presented literature review is devoted to the cardioprotective capabilities of a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs - sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2), which improve glycemic control through an insulin-independent mechanism of action associated with an increase in urinary glucose excretion. The article presents the results of large-scale clinical trials on the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with and without diabetes, and with cardiovascular diseases or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. A number of the most frequently discussed cardiac specific mechanisms mediated by the SGLT2 inhibitor affecting the Abstract state of the cardiovascular system are presented. Moreover, the article presents the results of a placebo-controlled clinical trial entitled “Empagliflozin reduces mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk” (EMPA-REG oUtcOmE) to analyze the cardioprotective capabilities of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant cardiovascular diseases. The article emphasizes the importance of further research to determine the degree of contribution of the above-mentioned mechanisms to the cardioprotective potential of SGLT2 inhibitors. PubMed database was used to identify relevant studies and systematic reviews.
Association between Exposure to Pesticides and Cognitive Function in Greenhouse Workers (Case Study: Ahmadabad Village of Yazd Province)
Authors: Akhoundzardeini Moslem , Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad , Teimouri Fahimeh , Mokhtari Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Exposure to pesticides in greenhouse workers is associated with several health outcomes, such as cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to pesticides and cognitive function in Yazd city greenhouse workers and those living in the proximity of the greenhouses.
Materials and Methods: In this study, three groups of participants were selected, including the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of the greenhouses, and the control group. A semi-quantitative assessment of pesticide exposure was used to calculate the subjects’ cumulative pesticide exposure as a proxy for long-term exposure to pesticides. Blood level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured as a biomarker of effect. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Mini–mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess cognitive functions (including memory, executive functions, attention, visual, and verbal functions).
Results: Mean cholinesterase activity in the greenhouse workers (average = 7009.3 U/L) was lower than the two other groups. The results of the cognitive function score for both FAB and MMSE tests did not show a significant difference between the direct exposure and indirect exposure groups, although the cognitive function score in the pesticide applicators was lower than the two other study groups (e.g. for FAB score: 13.89, 14.55, and 15.4 for the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of greenhouses, and the control group). The results also showed that in the direct exposure group, those with lower levels of cholinesterase activity also had a lower cognitive function.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that there is a potential link between impaired cognitive function and exposure to pesticides in the greenhouse workers.
The Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on the Activity of Soil Microorganisms
Authors: Karimi Hossein , Nikaeen Mahnaz , Hatamzadeh Maryam , Vahid Dastjerdi Marzieh , Farhadkhani Marzieh 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The use of wastewater for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions of the world is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of wastewater on the microbial activity of irrigated soils using the enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms.
Materials and Methods: In this study, for soil irrigation, the secondary effluent of the Isfahan municipal wastewater treatment plant was used. As a control, tap water that has no microbial load was also used. Soil samples were collected in two stages, before and immediately after irrigation. All samples were collected in sterile bags, transferred immediately to the laboratory for physicochemical and microbiological tests. Soil samples were analyzed for the amounts of enzymatic activity (Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase), electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and pH.
Results: The EC levels before and after irrigation with tap water was 231.2 and 260.63 µs.cm-1, respectively, which was significantly different from levels of wastewater-irrigated soil (P < 0.05). pH in the two types of used water before and after irrigation was 6-8 and 7-8, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the levels of FDA, dehydrogenase, ORP, and microbial population in samples irrigated with water and wastewaters (p > 0.05). It was found that there is a significant relationship between bacterial density and FDA (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that irrigation with wastewater has no significant effect on the microbial activity of irrigated soil. Because of the short-term wastewater irrigation in the present study, however, further investigation is needed to evaluate the effect of long-term wastewater irrigation on the microbial and physicochemical quality of soil.
Health hazards as a consequence of the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana
Authors: Wojtysiak Katarzyna , Zieliński Ewa , Wojsz Tomasz 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This is a review to assess the health hazards resulted from the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana. In developing countries, the number of vehicles involved in road traffic is systematically increasing. The health consequences of road accidents are a crucial public concern.
Methodology: The PubMed and Google scholar search were used to find literature for this analysis. The following keywords were taken into consideration in this paper: health hazards, technical conditions, vehicles, accidents, developing countries, Ghana. The analysis has been done by the systematic review analysis method. The articles were selected in terms of the health hazards resulting from the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana and its effects on road safety. Twenty papers were being reviewed.
Main findings: The quality of vehicles on Ghanaian roads is low. Most of the cars are old. For economic reasons, users often use substandard products to repair cars. Poor-quality, non-original, mismatched parts can lead to an accident. The technical condition of vehicles affects the safety of road users. The security of citizens should be an essential goal of the state. Inspections of the technical condition of cars, especially in public transport, should be strengthened and the frequency increased.
Implications: Based on the analysis of the publications, it was assessed that there is no current literature on technical problems of vehicles in Ghana, with particular emphasis on public transport. This is an essential topic for the security of citizens and should be investigated, analyzed, and lessons learned without delay.
Novelty in this study: There is a lack of systematic reviews of the impact of health hazards resulted from the poor condition of vehicles in Ghana. The paper is an attempt to assess the impact of the problem.
Histopathological Comparison Of Biopsy And Resection Materials In Bone And Soft Tissue Tumors: The Experience of a Tertiary Oncology Referral Center “Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof.Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital”
Authors: TOKSÖZ YILDIRIM Ayşe Nur , OKAY Erhan 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To evaluate the consistency of pathology results in biopsy and resection materials of bone and soft tissue tumors referred to a tertiarry referral center.
Method: 270 patients who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Istanbul Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital between January 2015 and March 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Collected data included demographic data, type of biopsy technique, the pathology report of biopsy and resection.
Result: Bone tumors had been detected in 125 patients (mean age: 38.3 years, 58 female, 67 male). Tumor localizations were most common in the lower extremity (53.6%) and upper extremity (28%), followed by clavicle, rib, hip, and vertebra. Core needle (n=109) or incisional biopsy (n=16) was performed. The rate of biopsy material that deemed adequate in core needle and incisional biopsies was 89.91% and 93.75%, respectively. Biopsy was done in 145 patients due to soft tissue tumors. (mean age: 38.8 years, 75 female, 70 male). Tumor localizations were most common in the lower extremity (64.1 %) and upper extremity (22%), followed by neck, hip, retroperitoneal, and scapula. For diagnosis, core needle (n=136), incisional biopsy (n=7) or fine needle aspiration (n=2) was performed. In 94.78% of soft tissue tumors with adequate first biopsy material, the biopsy and resected material pathology was found to be consistent.
Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach plays an important role in increasing the diagnostic accuracy after biopsy in bone and soft tissue tumors. In patients with inconsistent clinical and radiological findings, repeat biopsy is mandatory in order to plan the correct treatment approach.
"Is Water a Human Right?": Priming Water as a Human Right Increases Support for Government Action
Authors: Starzyk Katherine B. , Neufeld Katelin H. S. , Gaucher Danielle , Vorauer Jacquie D. , Fontaine Aleah S. M. , Quesnel Matthew S. , Yakubovich Alexa R. 
Published: September 2021

Many First Nations homes in Canada do not have adequate water services. This issue is unlikely to be resolved without public pressure on the government. Thus, we investigated one strategy to increase non-Indigenous Canadians’ support for government action: framing water as a human right. Informed by a partnership with Indigenous community members and multidisciplinary collaborators, we conducted seven experiments that sampled non-Indigenous Canadian community members (N = 584) and university undergraduates (N = 274). Overall, framing water as a human right increased public support, relative to control conditions. Further, the human rights frame indirectly increased support for government action through increases in perceived suffering (physical and financial) and empathy. We discuss policy implications and end with a call for action.