bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Pelvic Lesions
Authors: Penna Rubal , Poder Liina , Jha Priyanka , Seigel Eliot L. , Morgan Tara A. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo assess adequacy of transvaginal ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (TVUS‐FNAB) for pathologic diagnosis of pelvic masses performed using onsite cytopathology consultation.MethodsIn this Institutional Review Board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant study, radiology records were retrospectively queried to identify patients who underwent TVUS‐FNAB of a pelvic mass over a 11‐year duration. TVUS‐FNAB adequacy was determined by correlating cytopathology results with transvaginal ultrasound‐guided core‐needle biopsy (TVUS‐CNB) or surgical pathology results when available, and with clinical diagnostic confidence when additional pathology confirmation was not available. Secondary analysis included patient age, history of hysterectomy, or pelvic malignancy. Target‐specific features analyzed included mass size, depth, location, and final pathologic diagnosis.ResultsSixty patients underwent TVUS‐FNAB of pelvic masses, 43 of which underwent FNAB only and 17 underwent both TVUS‐FNAB and TVUS‐CNB during the same procedure. TVUS‐FNAB alone was adequate for diagnosis in 51 (85%) cases and addition of core‐needle biopsy (CNB) achieved a diagnosis in additional 4 patients, increasing overall diagnostic accuracy to 92% (55/60). FNAB inadequacy had statistically significant association with increasing mass depth, occurrence of a minor intraprocedural complication, and decision to perform a CNB (P <.05). Number of FNAB passes, mass size, history of hysterectomy, and final diagnosis were not statistically significant predictors of FNAB adequacy.ConclusionTVUS‐FNAB has a high specimen adequacy rate when performed with an onsite cytopathologist and can be considered first‐line approach for image‐guided sampling of pelvic lesions with option to add CNB if preliminary cytopathologic review does not confirm sample adequacy.
Chip‐Scale Terahertz Frequency Combs through Integrated Intersubband Polariton Bleaching
Authors: Mezzapesa Francesco P. , Viti Leonardo , Li Lianhe , Pistore Valentino , Dhillon Sukhdeep , Davies A. Giles , Linfield Edmund H. , Vitiello Miriam S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuantum cascade lasers (QCLs) represent a fascinating accomplishment of quantum engineering and enable the direct generation of terahertz (THz) frequency radiation from an electrically biased semiconductor heterostructure. Their large spectral bandwidth, high output powers, and quantum‐limited linewidths have facilitated the realization of THz pulses by active mode‐locking and passive generation of optical frequency combs (FCs) through intracavity four‐wave‐mixing, albeit over a restricted operational regime. Here, an integrated architecture is conceived for the generation of high power (5.5–8.0 mW) THz FCs comprising an ultrafast THz polaritonic reflector, exploiting intersubband (ISB) cavity polaritons, and a broad bandwidth (2.3–3.8 THz) heterogenous THz QCL. By tuning the group‐delay‐dispersion in an integrated geometry, through the exploitation of light‐induced bleaching of the ISB‐based THz polaritons, spectral reshaping of the QCL emission and stable FC operation over an operational range up to 38%, characterized by a single and narrow (down to 700 Hz) intermode beatnote are demonstrated. This concept provides design guidelines for a new generation of compact, cost‐effective, electrically driven chip‐scale FC sources based on ultrafast polariton dynamics, paving the way toward the generation of mode‐locked THz microlasers that can strongly impact a broad range of applications in ultrafast sciences, data storage, high‐speed communication, and spectroscopy.
A novel Vancomycin‐Functionalized‐Magnetic Graphene Composite for Use as a Near‐Infrared‐Induced Synergistic Chemo‐Photothermal Antibacterial
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Shan Suyan , Fan Jinyi , Yuan Feng , Lawson Tom , Kong Lingdan , Hu Rongdang , Liu Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains are a major cause of disease. They continue to remain a challenge in the clinic particularly in the vision system. For example, infectious endophthalmitis is a major blind‐causing disease caused by bacteria. A highly efficient synergistic antibacterial treatment that uses a photothermal antibacterial therapeutic with a chemo‐antibacterial therapeutic in a multifunctional nanocomposite is reported. It is prepared by immobilizing vancomycin onto the surface of a magnetic chitosan‐graphene (VCM‐MCG) composite. An antibacterial effect is achieved when VCM‐MCG is applied. This effect is enhanced when the nanocomposites are irradiated with a near‐infrared laser. Growth of gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria are suppressed efficiently. Such a composite can help manage the control of pathogenic bacteria growth in the clinic.
Is there any association between asthma and Kawasaki disease? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zhang Jintao , Dong Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveShared immune factors are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and Kawasaki disease (KD). Consequently, several observational studies have explored an association between KD and asthma. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to explore the association between KD and asthma.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched for cross‐sectional, case‐control and cohort studies that investigated the association between KD and asthma. The first author, publication year, study type, sample size, and participant demographics were retrieved. The association between KD and asthma was expressed by the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsEleven studies were eligible in the systematic review. The crude ORs (cORs) were extracted from 11 studies, and seven of them also provided adjusted ORs (aORs). The cORs between KD and asthma was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.29–1.81). After adjustment for some confounding factors (age, sex, region), asthma also had an association with KD (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00–1.17). The subgroup analyses showed the study design and study location to influence between‐study heterogeneity. Analyses of aOR values revealed that asthma onset before KD onset does not appear to increase KD prevalence, whereas people suffering from KD could increase the prevalence of developing asthma.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis suggested a possible association between preceding KD and asthma onset, but care must be taken when interpreting this result. Prospective cohort studies are needed to assess a causal relationship between these two diseases.
Effect of oral care in reducing the incidence of early‐onset ventilator‐associated pneumonia in preterm infants
Authors: Katayama Yoshinori , Takanishi Hiromi , Sato Yumi , Fujita Satoshi , Enomoto Masahiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral care using chlorhexidine has been considered useful in reducing the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) in adult patients. However, no study has proved the effect of oral care in reducing the incidence of VAP in preterm infants.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of oral care using a sponge brush moistened with sterile water in reducing the bacterial load in the oral cavity and the incidence of early‐onset VAP in preterm infantsMethodsThe bacterial number in the oral cavity was evaluated on‐site with the dielectrophoretic impedance measurement system. Bacterial numbers before and after oral care were investigated prospectively. Then, the incidence of early‐onset VAP was compared retrospectively between infants who received oral care before re‐intubation and those who did not.ResultsThe mean bacterial number (cfu/ml) in the oral cavity in infants managed with endotracheal intubation (n = 23), continuous positive airway pressure (n = 38), and high‐flow nasal cannula (n = 22) significantly reduced (p < .01) after versus before oral care (4.46 × 107 vs. 1.25 × 106; 1.32 × 107 vs. 6.82 × 105; and 1.68 × 107 vs. 6.50 × 105). The incidence rate of early‐onset VAP after re‐intubation was 51% (20/39) in patients who did not receive oral care. Then, it significantly decreased to 21% (7/33; p = .009) after receiving oral care.ConclusionOral care with sterile water may be effective in reducing the bacterial load in the oral cavity and the incidence of early‐onset VAP in preterm infants.
Seeking the exclusive binding region of phenylalkylamine derivatives on human T‐type calcium channels via homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation approach
Authors: Lu You , Li Ming , Lee Gi Young , Zhao Na , Chen Zhong , Edwards Andrea , Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPharmaceutical features of phenylalkylamine derivatives (PAAs) binding to calcium channels have been studied extensively in the past decades. Only a few PAAs have the binding specificity on calcium channels, for example, NNC 55‐0396. Here, we created the homology models of human Cav3.2, Cav3.3 and use them as a receptor on the rigid docking tests. The nonspecific calcium channel blocker mibefradil showed inconsistent docking preference across four domains; however, NNC 55‐0396 had a unique binding pattern on domain II specifically. The subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified that Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 share domain II when Ca2+ appearing in the neighbor region of selective filters (SFs). Moreover, free‐energy perturbation analysis suggests single mutation of lysine at P‐loop domain III, or threonine at the P‐loop domain II largely reduced the total amount of hydration‐free energy in the system. All these findings suggest that P‐loop and segment six domain II in the T‐type calcium channels (TCCs) are crucial for attracting the PAAs with specificity as the antagonist.
Front Cover Image, Volume 77, Issue 6
Authors: Maity Aniruddha , Singh Vijay , Jessup Russell , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar 
Published: May 2021

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Seed traits correlate with herbicide resistance in Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) by Aniruddha Maity et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6304.
image
Transition‐Metal Borides (MBenes) as New High‐Efficiency Catalysts for Nitric Oxide Electroreduction to Ammonia by a High‐Throughput Approach
Authors: Xiao Yi , Shen Chen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, the authors performed density functional theory calculations to study the catalytic performance of the nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) via a series of transition metal borides (MBenes). This work screened the M2B2 type MBenes from the IVB to V transition metals from the periodic table and systematically probed the catalytic activity and selectivity for the NORR process. It has been reported that Fe2B2, Mn2B2, and Rh2B2 can be high‐performance catalysts for converting NO to NH3 with smaller limiting potentials than other MBenes, and Nb2B2 and Hf2B2 have low limiting potentials of −0.11 V and −0.17 V for the NO production of NH3. The binding energy of ΔG*N can be a good descriptor of catalytic performance and is determined by the volcano plot of the rate‐determining step. The reaction mechanisms for NO reduction to NH3, N2, and N2O have been studied in detail, atomic *N can interact with another *N or one *NO molecule to form N2 and N2O via two successive hydrogenations. In this regard, *NO hydrogenation to *NOH has a lower formation energy than *HNO, and the MBenes have high selectivity for promoting the NORR and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction competition process.
In Situ TEM Studies of Sodium Polysulfides Electrochemistry in High Temperature Na–S Nanobatteries
Authors: Li Yanshuai , Tang Yongfu , Li Xiaomei , Tu Wei , Zhang Liqiang , Huang Jianyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding polysulfide electrochemistry in high temperature sodium–sulfur (HT–Na–S) batteries is crucial for their practical applications. Currently the discharge capacity of commercial HT–Na–S battery achieves only one third of its theoretical capacity due to polysulfides formation, understanding of which is limited due to technical difficulty in direct imaging polysulfides. Herein, in situ transmission electron microscopy implemented with a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) heating device is used to investigate the electrochemical reactions of HT–Na–S batteries. The formation and evolution of transient polysulfides during cycling are revealed in real‐time. Upon discharge, sulfur transforms to long‐chain polysulfides, short‐chain polysulfides, and finally Na2S or its mixture with polysulfides, and the process is reversible during charge at high temperatures. Surprisingly, by introducing nanovoids into the sulfur cathode to buffer the large volume change thus preserving the integrity of the electronic/ionic pathways and reducing the diffusion distance of Na+ ions, the sulfur cathode is fully discharged to Na2S rather than the conventionally observed Na2S2 at 300 °C. Moreover, the electrochemical reaction is swift and highly reversible. The in situ studies provide not only new understanding to the polysulfide electrochemistry, but also critical strategies to boost the capacity and cyclability of HT–Na–S batteries for large‐scale energy storage applications.
New TiO2‐Based Oxide for Catalyzing Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with Noble Metal‐Like Performance
Authors: Li Ruchun , Hu Bihua , Yu Tongwen , Shao Zongping , Wang Yi , Song Shuqin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of cost‐effective electrocatalysts with high activity and sufficient stability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for the widespread application of water electrolysis for sustainable H2 production. Transition metal oxides are desirable alternatives to replace benchmark Pt‐based HER electrocatalysts because of their cost effectiveness, facile synthesis, versatile compositions, and easy electronic structure tuning. However, most available transition metal oxides show poor performance for HER catalysis. Here, it is reported that the anatase TiO2 can be efficiently developed into a superior HER electrocatalyst with comparable activity to Pt‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline solution through simultaneous morphology control, proper lattice doping, and surface active sites engineering. Specifically, the obtained cobalt‐doped TiO2 nanorod arrays (Co‐TiO2@Ti(H2)) show a low overpotential of only 78 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel plot of 67.8 mV dec−1, and excellent stability even at an ultralarge current density of ≈480 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH solution. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the introduction of Co with rich oxygen vacancies can efficiently lower the energy barrier for water adsorption/dissociation and H intermediate desorption. This work uncovers the potential of the low‐cost transition metal oxides as alternative HER electrocatalysts in alkaline water electrolysis.
Modified primary sacrocaudal surgical stabilisation in a large breed dog
Authors: Redolfi Giovanna , Caraty Johan , Deneuche Aymeric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSacrocaudal luxation can be associated with sacral and caudal nerve roots injury, potentially leading to loss of tail nociception, tail paralysis and urinary incontinence. In cats, several treatments have been proposed depending on the patient's neurological status. When sacrocaudal luxation is associated with loss of tail nociception, tail paralysis and preserved urinary continence, surgical stabilisation can be envisaged. This case report describes surgical reduction and stabilisation of sacrocaudal fracture‐luxation in a large 4‐year‐old crossbreed dog. On presentation tail motor and sensory function (tested at the tail base) were absent. Tail exploration/stabilisation with transarticular Kirshner pins and tension band wires was performed. Motor function returned over 14 days following surgery. Maintenance of sacrocaudal alignment was confirmed radiographically as long as two months following surgery. To the authors' knowledge, there is little information concerning prognosis for tail mobility recovery and surgical treatment efficacy for dogs. Moreover, several anatomical differences existed between cats' and dogs’ tails which must be considered during tail stabilisation.
Finance 4.0—A Socio-Ecological Finance System
Authors: Ballandies Mark C. , Dapp Marcus M. , Degenhart Benjamin Aaron , Helbing Dirk , Klauser Stefan , Pardi Anabele-Linda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis contribution develops the framework of a novel, socio-ecological finance system that enables the incentivization of environmentally friendly behavior, socially responsible production, resource recycling, sharing and more. We call this system Finance 4.0—where Finance 1.0 refers to a physical coin-based system, Finance 2.0 to a fiat currency system, Finance 3.0 to blockchain finance, while Finance 4.0 stands for a multi-dimensional, real-time feedback system that combines blockchain technology with the Internet of Things. Instead of “Finance 4.0,” we will also often use the abbreviation “FIN4.”In comparison with citizen scores such as the Chinese social credit score, the FIN4 approach is different in a variety of aspects:

FIN4 is not aimed at punishment and control, but rather at helping to encourage, empower and coordinate sustainable and other favorable action.

It is being built for local, temporary measurements and feedback, not for global surveillance and control.

It seeks to protect the privacy of people rather than to keep information about everyone and every action forever.

It is not focused on the individual in the sense of profiling and targeting, but on favorable interactions and our social and environmental goals.

It offers a multi-dimensional choice of options instead of trying to determine every individual’s action through behavioral manipulation and control.

It has a participatory opt-in nature, where people can co-create the incentive system in such a way that they can reach their goals more successfully.

With multi-dimensional incentivization, it becomes possible to advance several goals simultaneously; thereby, many more people can benefit from the interactions they engage in, as multi-dimensional value exchange increases the solution space enormously.
An Interaction Support Processor to Promote Individual and Systemic Benefits
Authors: Helbing Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndividual choices, if not sufficiently well coordinated, can lead to bad outcomes, such as systemic instabilities or failures, or “tragedies of the commons.” It is, therefore, proposed to use digital assistants to support favorable interactions and avoid undesirable ones. The invention discussed here describes ways to perform these tasks in a decentralized way that also protects sensitive information. Such digital assistants offer better solutions based on local empowerment and coordination rather than on large-scale surveillance and control. In particular, it is suggested to introduce a multi-dimensional value exchange based on multiple new currencies that are linked to reputation values or sensor measurements, which may use the Internet of Things. This novel approach expands the solution space such that new opportunities for favorable interactions arise, which benefits the system and its components. Often, similar results would not be achievable with classical optimization approaches and conventional, one-dimensional value exchange only.
A seven week observational analysis of clinical activities in a North Italian orthopaedic hospital during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: far from usual volumes, but different from the first wave
Authors: Zagra Luigi , Faraldi Martina , Andreata Mauro , Ottaiano Immacolata , Basile Giuseppe , Lombardi Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We previously described the radical changes occurred in an orthopaedic hospital in Milan (Italy) during the first SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak. Currently, during the second wave, the situation is still far from normality. Here we describe the changes that took place, and are still ongoing, in the clinical practice.

Methods
Number and type of admissions, outpatients activity, ER and urgent procedures in SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive patients have been analyzed over seven weeks (October 26th–December 13th, 2020) and compared with the correspondent period in 2019 and the same timeframe during the first wave (February 24th–April 10th).

Results
2019 vs. 2020: Overall admissions decreased by 39.8%; however, while admissions for elective surgery dropped by 42.0%, urgent surgeries increased by 117.0%. Rehabilitation admissions declined by 85.2%. White and green priority ER consultations declined by 41.6% and 52.0%, respectively; yellow and red increased by 766.7% and 400.0%, respectively.
Second vs. first wave: Overall admissions increased by 58.6% with a smoother decrement in weekly admissions than during the first wave.
Disparity of acute admissions vs. rehabilitation expanded: Acute cases increased by 63.6% while rehabilitation cases decreased by 8.7%. Admissions to triage procedures increased by 72.3%.

Conclusions
Activity levels are far from normality during the second COVID-19 wave. Elective surgery and outpatients-related activities are still strongly limited compared to 2019 while the number of urgent cases treated increased consistently. SARS-CoV-2 positive emergencies are slightly higher than during the first wave. These important changes are expected to impact on health service and hospital budget for long.
Wilhelm His Senior und die Entwicklung der Paraffineinbettung
Authors: van der Lem Tim , de Bakker Merijn , Keuck Gerhard , Richardson Michael K. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie paraffinbasierte histologische Untersuchung ist eines der wichtigsten angewendeten Laborverfahren in der diagnostischen Histopathologie. Die Entwicklung der Paraffineinbettung wird oft dem Pathologen Edwin Klebs zugeschrieben. Klebs orientierte sich an den Arbeiten von Stricker, der Embryonen in eine Mischung aus heißem Tristearin und weißem Bienenwachs einbettete, und experimentierte mit Paraffin, um Tumorgewebe einzubetten. Er verwarf den Ansatz aber rasch, da Paraffin das Gewebe nicht infiltrierte. Klebs stand im Briefwechsel mit dem Embryologen Wilhelm His Senior, der von dessen Experimenten erfuhr und beschloss, sich an der Paraffineinbettung zu versuchen. His entwässerte Hühnerembryonen in Alkohol, klärte sie mit Lavendelöl und träufelte heißes Paraffin darüber. Dieses Verfahren ermöglichte ihm die Anfertigung guter Schnitte. In der vorliegenden Arbeit haben wir His’ Protokoll der Paraffineinbettung nachvollzogen, um zu ermitteln, ob His tatsächlich die Infiltrationseinbettung mit Paraffin gelungen ist. Wir befolgten das Protokoll aus seiner 1868 erschienenen Monografie. Anhand der Anweisungen von His gelang es uns nicht, Schnitte mit der von ihm illustrierten Qualität herzustellen. In der Regel zerfiel das Gewebe beim Schneiden wegen schlechter Wachsinfiltration. Brauchbare Schnitte wurden nur bei Abwandlung von His’ Protokoll durch das Wiedereinschmelzen der eingebetteten Embryos in frischem Paraffin erreicht. Möglicherweise ist es uns nicht gelungen ist, das Protokoll von His detailgetreu zu replizieren, oder das Protokoll war unvollständig. Nach unserer Einschätzung hat His wahrscheinlich die Infiltrationseinbettung mit Paraffin erfunden und perfektioniert, aber kein vollständiges Protokoll veröffentlicht.