bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences of young people with intellectual disability when transitioning to life after school: A systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Mogensen Lise Ludwig , Sharp Nicole , McDonald Jenny , Drake Gabrielle 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: An increasing body of evidence suggests that transitioning from school to adult life can be challenging for young people with intellectual disability. Transition from secondary school includes preparation of students before leaving school and may continue several years into adult life. Transition challenges may include isolation, mental health problems, and reduced participation in employment and tertiary education. Some literature indicate links between poor post-school outcomes, and ineffective collaboration between school systems, disability services, and employers. Yet, consolidated evidence to understand how young people themselves experience transition from school is needed. The aim of this scoping review is to draw together current literature reporting what is important to young people with intellectual disability about transitioning to life after school. Methods: Using the Joanna Briggs scoping review methodology, a systematic strategy will identify peer-reviewed qualitative research and grey literature reporting the voices of young people with intellectual disability to better understand personal experiences of transition to life after school. The review will explore scope and foci of topics, identify gaps in current evidence, and highlight approaches and methods used by investigators to include young peoples’ own views.Database searches for relevant qualitative research will include ERIC via Proquest, Ovid MEDLINE, selected EbscoHost databases, and Web of Science. Non-indexed and grey literature such as policies and reports will be searched via TROVE, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Google (with URL control and by crawling key agency websites). Studies will be selected using a three-step process: i) managing search results and removing duplicates, ii) title and abstract screening by two independent reviewers, and iii) full text review of included articles against inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Data will be tabulated, and presented in a narrative summary, aligning with the objectives and scope of this review.Discussion: Review findings will inform policy makers, educators and disability support organisations of transition experiences of young people with intellectual disability. Their identification of transition challenges and enablers will inform the design and implementation of participatory transition processes, ensuring that future guidelines reflect the views of those they intend to support.Registration with OSF DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YHCDG
Analysis of Measurement Changes in the Pelvic Incidence According to Pelvic Rotation using a 3-dimensional Model
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung-Hee , Im Sang-Kyu , Lee Won Young 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Pelvic incidence (PI) is used as a key parameter in surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients. However, there is a limitation to reflecting the exact center or inclination of 3-dimentional anatomical structures in a 2-dimensional (2D) sagittal radiographs, and these can lead to the measurement errors. Therefore, we evaluated whether there is a change in PI measurement according to the actual rotation of the pelvis, and conducted a study on a more accurate method of measuring PI in a 2D sagittal radiograph.Methods: From 2014 to 2015, 30 patients who visited our outpatient clinic were analyzed retrospectively. CT scan images including the lower lumbar spine, pelvis, and both femurs in DICOM format were imported to Mimics Research 17.0 (Materialise NV, Belgium), Solidworks (Dassault systems, France), and AutoCAD 2014 (AUTODESK, US), and the changes in PI according to vertical and horizontal pelvic rotations were evaluated.Results: The average PI according to the horizontal pelvic rotations measured on AutoCAD with 0º, 5º, 10º, 15º, 20º, 25º, 30º, 35º, and 40º was 48.8º, 48.7º, 48.3º, 47.8º, 46.9º, 45.6º, 44.0º, 42.2º, and 39.9º, respectively. The PI of an acceptable error of 6º on radiographs was 35º in the horizontal pelvic rotation. The average PI according to the vertical pelvic rotations measured on AutoCAD with 0º, 5º, 10º, 15º, 20º, 25º, 30º, 35º, and 40º was 48.8º, 49.0º, 49.5º, 50.2º, 51.3º, 52.7º, 54.4º, 56.6º, and 59.4º, respectively. The PI of an acceptable error of 6º on radiographs was 30º in the vertical pelvic rotation. Conclusions: This study revealed that the PI value could differ from the actual anatomical value due to the horizontal and vertical rotation of the pelvis while acquiring the radiograph. In whole-spine lateral radiographs, errors in PI measurement may occur due to rotation of the pelvis or nonvertical projection of X-rays. In the standing pelvic lateral radiographs, placing the overlapping femoral heads at the center and obtaining the straight sacral endplate as much as possible by referring to CT or magnetic resonance imaging would be a more accurate measurement method to define the PI.
Forming Limit Diagrams of Perforated St12 Steel Sheets
Authors: Sehhat M. Hossein , Mahdianikhotbesara Ali , Hadad Mohammadjafar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the unique characteristics of sheet metals is their formability, which is determined by the forming limit diagrams. These diagrams specify the maximum deformation limit before part’s failure. For several applications of metal sheets, they have to be in the perforated format. Existence of holes in the perforated sheets may adversely deteriorate the forming limit of metal sheets. In this study, the effect of perforated sheets’ hole size and hole layout on their formability are investigated. Several specimens of St12 steel with 0.6 mm thickness, different widths, two various hole sizes of 2 and 4 mm, and two layouts of triangular and square were prepared. The specimens were tested using Nakajima test (stretch with a hemispherical punch) to generate the forming limit diagrams. It was observed that both the diameter and layout of the punched holes have a significant effect on the formability of the perforated sheets. The perforated sheets with triangular hole layout showed higher forming limits due to their larger ligament ratios.
Simultaneous All-optical 1's Complement Cum Division-by-two Schemes
Authors: Gayen Dilip Kumar , Chattopadhyay Tanay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Odd and even number detection is an important mathematical operation. Generally when any number divisible by 2 then it is called even number, otherwise it is odd number. Division by 2 can be easily obtained by putting a point before least significant bit (LSB) of any binary number. As an example a number (27)10 = (11011)2 when divided by 2 its result will be (1101.1)2 = (13.5)10. Hence when we find the fractional bit as logic-1 we can say that the number is odd, otherwise it is even. This operation can be obtained by using a demultiplexer. Here we have developed an optical circuit which can divide any binary integer number by 2, apart from that its 1’s complement can also be obtained from the circuit. Both of the result can be obtained simultaneously. Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) based generally switch assumes a vital part to plan this n-bit circuit. Numerical simulations are done to urge the exhibition of the circuit.
Beehives Possess Their Own Distinct Microbiomes
Authors: Santorelli Lorenzo A. , Wilkinson Toby , Abdulmalik Ronke , Rai Yuma , Creevey Christopher J. , Huws Sharon , Gutierrez-Merino Jorge 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Honeybees use plant material to manufacture their own food. These insect pollinators visit flowers repeatedly to collect nectar and pollen, which are shared with other hive bees to produce honey and beebread. While producing these products, beehives accumulate a tremendous amount of microbes, including bacteria that derive from plants and different parts of the honey bees’ body. In this study, we conducted 16S rDNA metataxonomic analysis on honey and beebread samples that were collected from 15 beehives in the southeast of England in order to quantify the bacteria associated with beehives. The results highlighted that honeybee products carry a significant variety of bacterial groups that comprise bee commensals, environmental bacteria and pathogens of plants and animals. Remarkably, this bacterial diversity differs amongst the beehives, suggesting a defined fingerprint that is affected, not only by the nectar and pollen gathered from local plants, but also from other environmental sources. In summary, our results show that every hive possesses their own distinct microbiome, and that honeybee products are valuable indicators of the bacteria present in the beehives and their surrounding environment.
Genomic Biosurveillance Detects A Sexual Hybrid in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen
Authors: Hamelin Richard , Bilodeau Guillaume , Heinzelmann Renate , Hrywkiw Kelly , Capron Arnaud , Dort Erika , Dale Angela , Giroux Emilie , Carleson Nick , Grünwald Niklaus , Feau Nicolas , Kus Stacey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Invasive exotic pathogens pose a threat to trees and forest ecosystems worldwide1, hampering the provision of essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water purification2. Hybridization is a major evolutionary force that can drive the emergence of pathogens3. Phytophthora ramorum, an emergent pathogen that causes the sudden oak and larch death, spreads as reproductively isolated divergent clonal lineages. Sexual recombination has never been reported in this pathogen under natural conditions and laboratory crosses have yielded unfit progenies, suggesting postzygotic barriers to hybridization. Here we report the discovery in a plant nursery of novel variants of P. ramorum that are the result of homoploid hybridization via sexual recombination between North American and European lineages of the pathogen. We show that these hybrids are viable, can infect plants and produce spores for long-term survival and propagation. Genome sequencing revealed novel genotypic combinations, not present in the parental lineages, at 54,515 single nucleotide polymorphism loci. More than 6000 of the novel genotypes at these loci are predicted to have a functional impact in genes associated with host infection, including effectors, carbohydrate-active enzymes and proteases. We also observed post-meiotic mitotic recombination that could generate additional genotypic and phenotypic variation and contribute to homoploid hybrid speciation. Our study highlights the importance of plant pathogen biosurveillance to detect novel variants and inform management and control.
Adaptation to Climate Change among Farmers in Drought-Hit Region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Imtiaz Alam , Rafiq Muhammad , Saqib Shahab E. , Ullah Raza , Atiq Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The agriculture sector is the most important, however, most vulnerable to climate change in Asia and the Pacific. Droughts are one of the leading sources of disaster risks that can alter yield levels and cause sizeable productivity losses in agricultural products. In response, the farmers are adopting several climate risk management strategies. Therefore, this study aims to find out farmers’ preferences for climate change adaptation strategies and their potential determinants. Data were collected from randomly selected 200 farmers in District Nowshehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A multivariate probit model was used to assess the impacts of various factors on farmers’ decisions to adopt a particular adaptation strategy. The findings of the study revealed that rainwater harvesting, change in the planting dates, soil conservation, ponds building, and terraces with spillways were the dominant adaptation strategies found to combat the ill effects of droughts in the study area. Furthermore, the study highlighted the potential role of socio-economic attributes in the adoption of these adaptation strategies. The findings suggested that the government may extend its support to these farmers in making ponds and providing them the storage of water facilities.
Cloud Integrated with LoRa Watermeter Network: A Water Expense Repository
Authors: Bhola Biswaranjan , Kumar Raghvendra , Long Hoang Viet , Priyadarshini Ishaani , Son Nguyen Thi Kim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Water management system towards the country is the biggest challenge to distribute the water to each corner of the country and keeps track of all the information to store it centrally which helps the government in analyzing and predicting the water situation of the country. For implementing the above things the crucial barriers are electrification and network spread all over the country which is a difficult task. The main purpose of this suggested work is to design a wide area network using low power consumption called the LoRa network. Using this network the resultant value of the water meter can transmit to the cloud to make a secure centralized repository system which helps the government as well as different business organizations a lot. The proposed work explains the whole architecture of the end-to-end communication system from water meter to cloud as well as defines all the components for managing end-user and applications. Due to low power consumption the whole communication system, and water meter, can be powered through solar energy through which electrification supply is not required. Hence using the explained technique we can efficiently monitor and collect information from every corner of a country efficiently to manage the consumption of drinking water which helps society a lot.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Cultellus attenuatus and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Li Haikun , Yu Ruihai , Ma Peizhen , Li Chunhua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Cultellus attenuates, a new aquaculture species, was sequenced and compared with mitogenomes from seven species of Heterodonta bivalve mollusk in GenBank. The mitochondrial genome of C. attenuatus is 16888 bp in length and contains 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 transfer RNAs, and all genes are encoded on the same strand. In comparison with C. attenuates, the mitochondrial genes of Sinonovacula constricta from the same family were not rearranged, but those of six other species from different families were rearranged to different degrees. The largest noncoding region of C. attenuatus is 1173 bp in length and has an A + T content of 68.24%, located between nad2 and trnK. The results of phylogenetic analysis show that C. attenuates and S. constricta belonging to Cultellidae cluster into one branch while two species of Solenidae (Solen grandis and Solen strictus) cluster as their sister taxa. In conclusion, we used the mitochondrial genome data to demonstrate the closest relationship between C. attenuatus and S. constricta in Heterodonta. These data not only contribute to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of Heterodonta but also serve as a resource for the development of genetic markers in aquaculture.
Do Host-Consumed Resources Increase Endoparasitic But Decrease Ectoparasitic Infections?
Authors: Shayhorn Brin , Ramsay Chloe , Medina Kristi , Sauer Erin , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Habitat loss and disease outbreak play a major role in the decline of biodiversity. Habitat degradation is often associated with reduced food resources, which can lead to less investment in host immunity and increased infections. However, pathogens use host resources for replication and pathogen traits, such as infecting hosts internally or short generation times, might allow pathogens to rapidly capitalize on host-consumed nutrients. Thus, it is unclear whether increased food consumption by hosts should reduce or amplify pathogen levels. We conducted experiments on Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) to test how food availability affects infection levels of Ranavirus and the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which are both associated with mass die-offs of amphibians. Given that Ranavirus is an endoparasite with a much shorter generation time than the ectoparasitic Bd, we postulated that Ranavirus might be able to capitalize on host-consumed resources more quickly than Bd. We hypothesized that increased food availability to hosts might reduce Bd infections more than Ranavirus infections. As predicted, augmenting food access decreased Bd infection intensity, but increased Ranavirus infection intensity. Future work should assess whether pathogen traits, such as generation time and endo- versus ectoparasitism, generally affect whether food resources more positively benefit hosts or pathogens.
Adsorption Mechanism of High-Concentration of Ammonium onto Chinese Natural Zeolite by Experimental Optimization and Theoretical Computation
Authors: Liu Pan , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Aining , Liu Zhe , Liu Xingshe , Yang Lu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Natural zeolite, abundant hierarchically porous structure aluminosilicate mineral, have high affinity to ammonium in solution. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the removal of ammonium in waters by zeolite, but mainly focused on the low-content and even trace ammonium. Few literatures were reported about the natural zeolite as adsorbent to remove high-level of ammonium in coal chemical wastewater. Therefore, adsorption mechanism of high-concentration ammonium in aqueous solution using Chinese natural zeolite was disclosed by the strategy of experimental optimization combining with Molecular Dynamics simulation. ResultsThe natural zeolite presented unique adsorption performances for high- ammonium distinguish from that of low ammonium, which were characterized as exhibiting faster adsorption rate, greater loading capacity and apparent desorption. The hybrid physical-chemical adsorption as the mechanism was induced from the adsorption kinetics and isotherm study in 4000 mg-N/L solution. Besides to the electrostatic attraction between the framework and guest ammonium exchanged by metal cations in the zeolite framework, the existence of the chemical bonding and hydrogen bonding forces was supported experimentally from the ion exchange capacity (IEC) investigation by the great disequilibrium between the total exchanged metal cations and ammonium. Moreover, the above were confirmed theoretically by the calculated results in the perspective of bonding strength in MD simulation. Considering comprehensively, we concluded physisorption dominated the initial adsorption stage as multilayer adsorption and chemisorption governed the subsequent adsorption process as monolayer form. Besides, the putative explanation for the desorption-occurrence was given that most ammonium concentrated in the channel openings physically, and transferred into the bulk solution preferentially through the mesopores and macropores. Conclusions Overall, we have demonstrated that the Chinese natural zeolite had the potential to capture high-concentration ammonium in wastewater remediation effectively. Considering with several research thinking comprehensively, this investigation enriched the adsorption mechanism research, and provided a novel insight for designing a workable approach for rapidly alleviating subsequent water decontamination processes using low-cost abundant minerals.
Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane with Polyamidoamine Dendrimers for Efficient Separation of CO2/H2 and CO2/N2
Authors: zhao yaxin , Tian Huafeng , ouyang yuge , Xiang Aimin , Luo Xiaogang , Shi Xingwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes are commonly used for CO2 separation, there is still large development space in mechanical properties and high selectivity of the gas separation process. In this study, the gas separation performance and mechanical properties of the (PVA/Cu2+) substrate membranes were improved by introducing polyamidoamine (PAMAM). PAMAM had an important effect on the gas adsorption and separation performance of the membrane. In addition, the gas adsorption and separation properties of the PVA/Cu2+/PAMAM membrane (PPCm) were analyzed and studied when the inlet gas pressure and the species of mixed gases were variable. The results showed that the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the membrane with the PAMAM had been significantly improved. Young’s modulus of PPCm with 30% PAMAM was 132% higher than that of the PVA/Cu2+ composite membrane without PAMAM. In addition, efficient separation efficiency and high selectivity of the gas separation process were observed. The separation factors of the PPCm for CO2/H2 and CO2/N2 were about three times higher than that of the PVA/Cu2+ substrate membranes. These results suggested that the introduction of PAMAM was promising for CO2 separation and permeation.
Consequences of Quarantine During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Intake and Body Weight: A Systematic Review
Authors: Penna Paula Moreira , Oliveira Nathallia Maria Cotta e , Castro Luiza Carla Vidigal , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, some authorities have implemented measures to control the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), such as quarantine. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the results of the studies that investigated changes in eating habits, food intake, and body weight during the COVID-19 quarantine. Methods: This review followed the recommendations of the PRISMA protocol and has registration in the PROSPERO under number CRD42020212491. Searches used databases PubMed, Medline, Scielo, and Lilacs. Two authors conducted the selection process blindly and independently using the Rayyan software (QCRI). Of 5,248 papers, we included 28 studies. Results: Most of the included studies in this review presented data on changes in food intake (n = 22). These changes were especially towards the adoption of unhealthy eating habits such as an increase in the consumption of snacks and sweets; and a decrease in the intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, and dairy products (n = 21). Concerning body weight, the main change was towards weight gain (1.5 to 4.5 kg), which was positively associated with age (elderly); socioeconomic level (average socioeconomic level); increase of the intake of snacks, sweets, fried foods, and fast foods; and low consumption of vegetables. Besides, weight gain was inversely associated with physical activity and positively associated with sedentary time (n = 14).Conclusion: In this sense, the summarized evidence points to a change in eating habits, food intake, and body weight, as well as a relevant association between unhealthy eating choices and weight gain during quarantine. The COVID-19 quarantine caused an interruption in the routine of daily life, which generated an impact on mental health, 3 eating habits, and physical activity. This review showed that during the quarantine some individuals changed their eating habits, mainly towards the adoption of unhealthy habits and gained weight.