bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐9/11 excess risk of thyroid cancer: Surveillance or exposure?
Authors: van Gerwen Maaike , Cerutti Janete M. , Rapp Joseph , Genden Eric , Riggins Gregory J. , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn excess risk of thyroid cancer has been reported in different World Trade Center (WTC)‐dust exposed cohorts. Increased surveillance of these cohorts has been suggested as a potential explanation of this reported excess thyroid cancer risk leading to an increased diagnosis of earlier‐stage thyroid cancers. However, the uncertainty to what extent surveillance or physician bias may be contributing to the reported incidence of thyroid cancer in WTC‐dust exposed populations remains, highlighting the need to investigate a potential causal link between WTC dust exposure and thyroid cancer. Future studies are therefore indicated to investigate potential consequences of WTC dust exposure on the thyroid gland. Studies of the heavily exposed populations offer the possibility to better understand the mechanisms behind the exposure to a variety of environmental contaminants, and may provide useful insights into exposures harmful to the thyroid. These can be used in risk stratification when implementing screening in high‐risk populations and may inform shared decision‐making regarding the extent of thyroid cancer treatment.
Genome‐wide SNP genotyping reveals hidden population structure of an acroporid species at a subtropical coral island: Implications for coral restoration
Authors: Zayasu Yuna , Takeuchi Takeshi , Nagata Tomofumi , Kanai Megumi , Fujie Manabu , Kawamitsu Mayumi , Chinen Wakana , Shinzato Chuya , Satoh Noriyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

It is essential to consider genetic composition for both conventional coral restoration management and for initiating new interventions to counter the significant global decline in living corals. Population genetic structure at a fine spatial scale should be carefully evaluated before implementing strategies to achieve self‐sustaining ecosystems via coral restoration.
This study investigated the population genetic structure of two acroporid species at Kume Island, Okinawa, Japan. There were 140 colonies of Acropora digitifera collected from seven study sites, and 81 colonies of Acropora tenuis from six sites. In total, 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for A. digitifera and 470 SNPs for A. tenuis were obtained using a comparatively economical technique, Multiplexed ISSR Genotyping by sequencing.
Observed heterozygosity was significantly lower than expected heterozygosity at all SNP sites in both acroporid species, suggesting deficient genetic diversity possibly caused by past massive coral bleaching. Even though both species are broadcast spawners, the population structure was different in the two species. No detectable structure was evident in A. digitifera, but two distinct clades were found in A. tenuis. The genetic homogeneity of A. digitifera at Kume Island suggests that this species could be used as a focal species for active restoration in terms of genetic differentiation at this island. By contrast, A. tenuis unexpectedly included two distinct clades with little or no admixture within a small study area, possibly representing two reproductively isolated cryptic species. Thus, when using A. tenuis, it would be prudent to avoid disturbing the genetic composition of wild populations until this question is answered.
Water availability trends across water management zones in Uganda
Authors: Onyutha Charles , Asiimwe Arnold , Muhwezi Lawrence , Mubialiwo Ambrose 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study assessed trends in gridded (0.25° × 0.25°) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and precipitation minus PET (PMP) across the four water management zones (WMZs) in Uganda including Kyoga, Victoria, Albert, and Upper Nile. The period considered was 1979–2013. Validation of CFSR datasets was conducted using precipitation observed at eight meteorological stations across the country. Observed precipitation trend direction was satisfactorily reproduced by CFSR data extracted at five out of eight stations. Negative (positive) values of long‐term PMP mean were considered to indicate areas characterized by water scarcity (surplus). Areas with large positive PMP were confined to Lake Victoria and mountains such as Rwenzori and Elgon. The largest negative PMP values were in the arid and semi‐arid areas of north and northeastern Uganda. The null hypothesis H0 (no trend) was rejected (p < 0.05) for increasing annual precipitation trends across the various WMZs except in the extreme eastern parts of the Upper Nile, Kyoga, and Victoria WMZs (or areas along the boundary of Uganda and Kenya). The H0 (no trend) was rejected (p < 0.05) for decreasing trends in annual PET over West Nile region of the Upper Nile, western parts of Victoria, and the Albert WMZs. For increasing trend in PMP, the H0 (no trend) was rejected (p < 0.05) across the various WMZs except around the Mount Elgon area. The study findings are relevant for planning of water resources management across the different WMZs in the country.
Comparison of fitness levels between elementary school children with autism spectrum disorder and age‐matched neurotypically developing children
Authors: Coffey Craig , Sheehan Damien , Faigenbaum Avery D. , Healy Sean , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Kinsella Sharon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow physical fitness is associated with reduced physical activity and increased cardiovascular diseases. To date, limited research has compared physical fitness levels between children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the primary aim was to investigate if differences in fitness levels exist between children with ASD and age‐matched neurotypically developing children (ND). The second aim was to examine if age, sex, height and weight could be used to predict potential fitness levels. The third aim was to examine if the developmental trajectory of fitness is comparable between children with ASD and ND children. The modified Eurofit test battery was used to compare fitness levels between 244 children aged 4–13 years old (n = 152 ND and n = 92 ASD). Independent samples t tests and regression analyses were used to investigate differences in fitness levels between the two groups. The results indicated that statistically significant differences exist in fitness levels between children with ASD when compared to ND children across all ages, favoring the ND children, with small to large effect sizes noted (p < 0.05, d = 0.36–1.13). Regression analysis could not accurately predict fitness measurements in children with ASD but could for ND children. The developmental trajectories were significantly delayed on the 20 m sprint and standing broad jump for children with ASD when compared to ND children. Future studies should seek to address the disparities in physical fitness experienced by children with ASD by using relevant neuromuscular interventions.
Technoeconomic evaluation of protein‐rich animal feed and ethanol production from palm kernel cake
Authors: Turner Mark , Saville Bradley 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndonesia and Malaysia are net importers of animal feed products to meet the demand of their domestic livestock industries. These countries are also the largest producers and exporters of palm kernel cake (PKC), an animal feed waste by‐product from the palm industry that is used primarily as a ruminant feed. Prior work demonstrated that the bioethanol process can convert the gluco‐mannan fiber in PKC into ethanol and a high‐protein animal feed. We used Microsoft Excel to develop a bioethanol process model for PKC by adapting the well developed corn ethanol process used in the USA. The PKC biorefinery model, using PKC's composition and specialized enzymes to produce fermentable glucose and mannose, projects that 1 kg of PKC can produce 0.58 kg of high‐protein animal feed and 0.20 kg of ethanol, with some residual palm kernel oil. The model estimated an increase in crude protein content from 17% in the PKC to 27% in the high‐protein animal feed. A comprehensive technoeconomic assessment using the results of the process model indicates that a PKC bioethanol factory converting 100 000 Mg year–1 of PKC would cost USD 55 million and generate a 23% project internal rate of return (IRR). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ADME gene polymorphisms do not influence the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel: Results from a population pharmacokinetic study in Indian cancer patients
Authors: Patil Anand , Shriyan Bharati , Mehta Parsshava , Patil Mrudula , Gurjar Murari , Nookala Manjunath , Patil Vijay , Joshi Amit , Noronha Vanita , Prabhash Kumar , Gota Vikram 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharmacokinetics (PK) of docetaxel is characterized by high inter‐individual variability (IIV). While covariate models that explain the PK variability of docetaxel exist, not much is known about the effects of genetic variations on docetaxel disposition.MethodsFifty patients with head and neck or prostate cancer were enrolled of whom two patients withdrew consent before the start of the study. Docetaxel was administered at either 50 or 75 mg/m2 as intravenous infusion over 1 h. One pharmacogenetic sample and a series of PK samples, either intensive (N = 5; 13 samples each) or sparse (N = 43; 6 samples each), were collected from each patient. Docetaxel levels were estimated using a validated HPLC method. Polymorphic loci on the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination (ADME) genes were identified using the PharmacoScan array platform. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out using NONMEM v7.2.ResultsDocetaxel PK was well characterized by a three‐compartment model. Clearance (Cl) was found to be 18 L/h with an IIV of 45.3%. None of the genetic variants showed significant covariate effect on the Cl of docetaxel. Patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were found to have 25% lower Cl as compared to patients with normal ALT values. However, the covariate effect could not be established in the final model possibly due to lack of adequate number of patients with abnormal ALT.ConclusionGenetic polymorphisms in the ADME gene do not explain the IIV in PK of docetaxel. However, patients with abnormal liver function might require dose reduction.Clinical trial registration: Not applicable since participants in this study received treatment that was standard of care.
Atractylenolide III Ameliorates TNBS‐Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Regulating Intestinal Flora
Authors: Ren Yan , Jiang Wenwen , Luo Chunli , Zhang Xiaohan , Huang Mingjin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of the main active ingredients of Atractylodes macrocephala on the 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced mouse colitis model. TNBS‐induced colitis was established in mice, which were treated with 8‐β‐Hydroxyasterolide (Atractylenolide III) for 14 days. The body weight of the mice in the middle and high dose groups of Atractylenolide III was increased compared with that of the model group. The disease activity index score was significantly reduced. The activity levels of myeloperoxidase were significantly decreased following increase in the dosage of Atractylenolide III, as determined by histological analysis. Moreover, Atractylenolide III downregulated the expression levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α, and greatly suppressed the levels of the pro‐oxidant markers, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, while enhancing the expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The protein expression levels of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) were upregulated in the colonic tissues of TNBS‐treated mice. This effect was effectively reversed by Atractylenolide III treatment. In vivo studies indicated that TNBS alone induced a decrease in the abundance of lactobacilli and in the biodiversity of the colon. In conclusion, the present study suggested that Atractylenolide III attenuated TNBS‐induced acute colitis by regulating oxidative stress via the FPR1 and Nrf2 pathways and by affecting the development of intestinal flora.
Enhanced Wound Healing Activity of Undenatured Type I Collagen Isolated from Discarded Skin of Black Sea Gilthead Bream (Sparus aurata) Conditioned as 3D Porous Dressing
Authors: Gaspar‐Pintiliescu Alexandra , Anton Elena Daniela , Iosageanu Andreea , Berger Daniela , Matei Cristian , Mitran Raul‐Augustin , Negreanu‐Pirjol Ticuta , Craciunescu Oana , Moldovan Lucia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcid‐soluble, undenatured, type I collagen (BSC) isolated, for the first time, from gilthead bream skin and the novel fabricated 3D porous wound dressing were analyzed for physicochemical and biological properties, in order to offer a safe alternative to commercial bovine collagen (BC) products. SDS‐polyacrylamide analysis confirmed the purity of BSC preparation. The hydroxyproline content and temperature of denaturation of BSC were lower than those of BC, in accordance with the structural data recorded by FT‐IR spectroscopy. However, certain concentrations of BSC stimulated the cell metabolism of L929 fibroblasts in a higher proportion than BC. The 3D wound dressing presented high porosity and low surface hydrophobicity that could help cell attachment and growth. The rapid biodegradation of BSC wound dressing could explain the improved in vitro cell migration and wound closure rate. In conclusion, the skin of gilthead bream from the Black Sea coast represented a valuable source for the biomedical industry, providing biocompatible, biodegradable collagen and 3D porous wound dressing, as novel material with enhanced wound healing activity.
Surveillance imaging during first remission in follicular lymphoma does not impact overall survival
Authors: Goldman Max L. , Mao Jimmy J. , Strouse Christopher S. , Chen Wanqi , Rupji Manali , Chen Zhengjia , Maurer Matthew J. , Calzada Oscar , Churnetski Michael , Flowers Christopher R. , Cerhan James R. , Link Brian K. , Thompson Carrie A. , Cohen Jonathon B. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAlthough many patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) undergo routine radiographic surveillance during their first remission, no consensus exists on the modality, duration, frequency, or need for routine imaging studies. The authors retrospectively examined the effect of surveillance imaging on relapse detection and overall survival (OS) in patients with FL.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed FL who had a response to induction therapy were identified from the Lymphoid Malignancies Enterprise Architecture Database (LEAD) at Emory University and from the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) of the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic. Patients were evaluated for both relapse and method of relapse detection (ie, clinical concerns vs radiologic detection through surveillance imaging in an asymptomatic patient).ResultsOf 148 patients in the LEAD cohort, 55 (37%) relapsed, and the majority (n = 35; 64%) of relapses were detected clinically. In the MER cohort, 63 of 177 relapses (54%) were detected clinically. There was no significant difference in OS from the date of diagnosis between the 2 methods of relapse detection in the LEAD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.13‐2.94; P = .54) and MER (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.47‐2.21; P = .96) cohorts. Similarly, there was no significant difference in OS from the date of relapse between the 2 methods of relapse detection in the LEAD (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.10‐2.27; P = .35) and MER (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.47‐2.21; P = .96) cohorts.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a limited role for routine surveillance imaging in patients with FL who complete front‐line therapy. Future studies should evaluate which patients may benefit from a more aggressive surveillance approach and should explore novel methods of relapse detection.
Observational, prospective, phase 4 study in patients with first‐line recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with cetuximab and platinum‐based therapy: DIRECT
Authors: Guigay Joël , Chamorey Emmanuel , Lefebvre Gautier , Rotarski Maciej , Wagner Jean‐Philippe , Blot Emmanuel , Alfonsi Marc , Seronde Audrey , Schulten Jeltje , Peyrade Frédéric , Le Tourneau Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCetuximab plus platinum‐based therapy (PBT) followed by cetuximab maintenance until progression (EXTREME) is a guideline‐recommended first‐line treatment option in recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN). DIRECT (Dose Intensity RElative to CeTuximab) was the first phase 4 observational study evaluating EXTREME administration in the real‐world setting.AimsThe primary aim of this study was to assess the relative dose intensity of cetuximab in patients with R/M SCCHN treated with first‐line cetuximab according to the EXTREME regimen.Methods and resultsPatients were ≥18 years old and eligible to receive cetuximab/PBT. Primary endpoint was cetuximab relative dose intensity (RDI). Of prospectively enrolled patients (n = 157), 119 received ≥1 cycle of EXTREME. Practices differing from the EXTREME trial were 5‐fluorouracil omission (14%), maintenance cetuximab given every other week (54%), prior cetuximab, disease‐free interval <6 months. 64% of patients reached cetuximab RDI ≥80%; mean cetuximab RDI was 88%. 46% of patients received maintenance cetuximab (mean RDI, 91%). Median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 4.5 and 9.4 months. No new/unexpected safety findings were observed.ConclusionsThe DIRECT study showed that first‐line cetuximab plus PBT was a feasible, beneficial first‐line treatment regimen in patients with R/M SCCHN in the real‐world setting.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Presentation in a preterm neonate
Authors: Fadhel Alvarez Ana , Patel Shaily P. , Brasher Maya I. , Ruggiero Jaclyn E. , Aneji Chiamaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder in which Langerhans cells (LC) accumulate in the skin or other organs and cause tumor formation or organ damage. Cutaneous lesions can vary widely and do not predict extent of systemic disease or prognosis.CaseWe present a premature infant with skin findings, multisystem involvement, and immunohistochemical markers consistent with multisystem LCH.ConclusionLimited data from preterm neonates with LCH suggest that prognosis is particularly poor, with even limited cutaneous disease often rapidly progressing to become fatal, although diagnosis is not always prompt. Early diagnosis and treatment may affect prognosis.
Synthetic origin of illicit methylamphetamine in Australia: 2011–2020
Authors: Salouros Helen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe National Measurement Institute's Methylamphetamine Profiling Program has evolved over the last 15 years to address analytical challenges faced with changes in illicit methylamphetamine production. The program involves organic and inorganic analysis of methylamphetamine to determine the precursors and synthetic route used in manufacture. This paper discusses changes in the methylamphetamine chemical profile for samples received at this laboratory during January 2011 to December 2020. In particular, changes observed in the methylamphetamine purity, potency, synthetic route, precursor and precursor synthetic origin are discussed. Over 13,180 samples were analysed during this period consisting of samples seized on the streets and the Australian border. This paper shows correlations between methylamphetamine seizures at the Australian border with international clandestine laboratory and precursor seizures trends. As the illicit drug landscape changes so too must our approach to chemical profiling if we are to confidently determine the synthetic origin of methylamphetamine.
A brief review of electrocatalytic reduction of CO2—Materials, reaction conditions, and devices
Authors: Pei Yuhou , Zhong Heng , Jin Fangming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobal warming caused by the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is regarded as one of the most serious problems faced by human being. Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is one promising strategy that can fix CO2 in a mild and clean manner combined with sustainable energies. However, the ECR performance is highly dependent on the catalysis system because of the difficulty in CO2 activation, low mass transfer, poor product selectivity, and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The binding strength of electrocatalysts toward carbon intermediates is the crucial factor for ECR performance. Furthermore, the reaction conditions and the configurations of devices are also of significance for ECR efficiencies. Here, we briefly reviewed the effects of electrocatalyst materials, as well as the reaction conditions, coupled anodic reactions, and devices on the ECR. Moreover, challenges and some perspectives for large‐scale applications are included.
Dietary Exposure of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and a Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Containing PFOS: Effects on Reproduction and Chick Survivability and Growth
Authors: Bursian Steven J. , Link Jane E. , McCarty Michael , Harr Kendal , Roberts John , Simcik Matt F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and a legacy aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing 91% PFOS (AFFF PFOS) on reproduction, chick survivability, and growth of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were determined. Day-old Japanese quail were administered PFOS or AFFF PFOS at 6 dietary concentrations ranging from 0 to 21 mg kg–1 feed for a total of 20 wk. At the age of 4 wk, 16 male/female pairs per treatment were assigned to cages, and egg laying was induced by the age of 10 wk. Eggs were collected daily, set weekly, and incubated for 18 d for the following 10 wk. Hatchlings were fed uncontaminated feed for 2 wk and euthanized to collect blood and liver. After 10 wk of egg collection, adults were euthanized to collect blood, liver, and kidneys. Significantly increased myofiber numbers in the liver and glomerular sclerosis in the kidneys of adults indicated damage at greater doses. Perfluorooctane sulfonate or AFFF PFOS did not significantly affect egg production; however, hatchability was decreased at the highest PFOS dose. The no-observed-adverse-effect levels for chick survivability, considered the critical effect, were 4.1 mg PFOS kg feed–1 (0.55 mg kg body wt–1 d–1) and 5.0 mg AFFF PFOS kg feed–1 (0.66 mg kg body wt−1 d–1), resulting in calculated average toxicity reference values of 0.25 mg kg feed–1 and 0.034 mg kg body weight–1 d–1. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2521–2537. © 2020 SETAC