bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-49 Construct Validity and Predictive Utility of Cognitive Intraindividual Variability Varies Based on Ethnic Group
Authors: Scott Bonnie M , Royall Donald R , Hilsabeck Robin C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Compare the construct validity and predictive utility of cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV) in a sample of community dwelling Hispanic and non-Hispanic older adults.

Methods
The present study included annual data from 651 older adult control participants (Hispanic = 293; Non-Hispanic = 358) enrolled in the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium for at least 5 years. Mean composite z-scores were calculated for attention, language, memory and executive function domains. IIV-across domains was calculated as the standard deviation between these composite scores, while IIV-within domain scores were computed as the absolute difference between tests in each domain.

Results
At baseline, Non-Hispanic individuals obtained significantly higher composite scores in each domain than their Hispanic counterparts. They also showed significantly greater variability across and within domains, with the exception of IIV-within the language domain which was significantly larger in the Hispanic group. IIV-across domains was driven primarily by IIV-within the executive function domain in the non-Hispanic cohort and by IIV-within the language domain in the Hispanic cohort. In both groups, the addition of IIV-within and -across cognitive domains at baseline significantly improved prediction of cognitive status (MMSE) after 5 years above and beyond demographic characteristics, genetic risk and vascular integrity. However, IIV-across domains was the strongest predictor in the non-Hispanic group, while IIV-within the attention domain was the strongest predictor in the Hispanic group.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that, while IIV-across domains is a promising preclinical biomarker of subsequent cognitive decline, its construct validity and predictive utility varies based on ethnic group.
A-51 The Effect of Acculturation on Neuropsychological Test Performance; a Systematic Review
Authors: Baker Melissa A , Deng Xinyue , Puente Antonio N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
While neuropsychological testing is often seen as an unbiased form of measuring brain function, recent literature has emerged detailing possible effects of cultural competence on test performance (Fernandez, 2018). This systematic review examined the effects of acculturation on neuropsychological tests across domains and populations in existing literature. We anticipated that “verbal” tests would be more affected by acculturation, and we were unsure if specific patient populations or ethnic groups would be more affected.

Data Selection
A preliminary search for articles of acculturation and neuropsychological performance was conducted; Search terms included acculturat* (acculturation, acculturate), cultural assimilation* (assimilate, assimilation), neuropsychological test (test performance), and cognitive domains (cognition, intelligence, learning, memory). Over 10,000 studies were screened; the 39 studies included in analysis had quantitative data only, adult populations (18+), an acculturation measure or proxy (place of birth, length of time in the US, and English language use/proficiency), and relational data between neuropsychological test performance and acculturation.

Data synthesis
A narrative synthesis of included articles was performed prior to data extraction; data extracted from these articles include unadjusted correlation coefficients, partial correlation, regression model outputs, and descriptive statistics. Results are still being compiled but initial findings suggest that generally, increased acculturation leads to better performance.

Conclusion
Initial results show that increased acculturation to “white America,” leads to better neuropsychological test performances. This effect is more noticeable on verbal tests. Results of this review will be beneficial in understanding how cultural bias may negatively influence the accuracy of neuropsychological test results.
A-63 Non-Alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in a Bariatric Surgery Patient
Authors: Mills Chmaika P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Wernicke-Korsakoff’s Syndrome (WKS), caused by thiamine deficiency and characterized by altered mental status, amnestic memory loss, confabulation, and lack of awareness, has a global prevalence rate up to 3% and is most commonly observed in alcoholics. Cases of non-alcoholic WKS are exceptionally rare and often go undiagnosed until after the critical treatment period, resulting in permanent brain damage. Despite the paucity of research in this group, there is some evidence that there may be differences in demographic factors, neuroanatomic changes, and cognitive functioning between alcoholic and non-alcoholic WKS patients. Thus, case studies are necessary to understand how non-alcoholic WKS may present and determine whether regular testing in individuals diagnosed with disorders or undergoing medical interventions that can cause thiamine deficiency should be encouraged.

Methods
Patient is a 65-year-old African American woman with a history of hypothyroidism, obesity, and sleep apnea. She complained of gastrointestinal problems one-month into a pre-bariatric surgery diet. Subsequent medical workups were negative, but she was hospitalized 2–3 months post-symptom onset for thiamine deficiency. Acute neuroimaging was reportedly negative.

Results
Results from a neuropsychological evaluation indicated temporal disorientation, delusions, and hallucinations. Psychometric testing revealed severe impairments in learning and memory. Some variability was noted in other cognitive domains, but attention, processing speed, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial and motor skills were generally intact. Symptoms of minimal depression and moderate anxiety were endorsed.

Conclusion
Thiamine deficiency is easily treatable, but different presentations between alcoholic and non-alcoholic cases may complicate diagnosis, delay treatment, and result in WKS. Increased awareness of these differences can inform clinical recommendations.
A-70 Differences in Cognition and Disease Characteristics in Adult Vs. Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Butler Pagnotti Rachel M , Hua Le Hanh , Miller Justin B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Cognitive impairment is a common sequelae of multiple sclerosis(MS), however, relatively little is known about cognitive impairment in late-onset MS (LOMS; symptom onset &gt;50 years old). The present study investigated differences in disease characteristics and cognition in LOMS and adult-onset MS (AOMS).

Methods
Archival medical records and neuropsychological evaluations from an MS specialty center were reviewed. Differences in disease characteristics between 57 LOMS and 124 AOMS patients were compared using chi-square or ANOVA. To investigate differences in cognitive functioning, age-adjusted standardized scores were compared via ANCOVA, using cardiac risk factors and disease duration as covariates.

Results
Compared to AOMS (age range: 21–88; mean age: 49.66 +/−12.83), LOMS patients (age range 42–82; mean age: 61.88 +/− 8.57) had significantly more cardiac comorbidities (mean: 1.12+/−1.1 vs. 0.6+/−0.9; p &lt; 0.01), shorter disease duration (mean years: 13.14+/−7.9 vs. 21.0+/−12.6; p &lt; 0.001), and shorter time to diagnosis (mean years: 3.0+/−4.2 vs 6.5+/−8.5; p &lt; 0.01). LOMS patients had similar Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and number of prescribed disease-modifying therapy as AOMS. LOMS patients demonstrated greater impairment on Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised learning (F(1,169) = 8.03, p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.36) and delayed recall (F(1,169) = 4.44, p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.27), and on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-4th edition Digit Span Backward (F(1,176) = 5.68, p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.41) and Sequencing (F(1, 176) = 11.90, p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.55) subtests.

Conclusion
Despite a shorter disease duration and quicker diagnosis, LOMS patients demonstrate similar levels of physical impairment. Moreover, even after accounting for differences in disease duration and cardiac risk, LOMS showed a greater burden of cognitive impairment than AOMS, which taken together, suggests an elevated rate of disease progression in LOMS.
A-72 Neuropsychological Functioning in Primary Dystonia: A Multi-Domain Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aita Stephen , Del Bene Victor A , Pizer Jasmin H , Hawley Nanako A , Niccolai Lindsay , Marotta Dario A , Walker Harrison C , Gerstenecker Adam , Martin Roy C , Clay Olivio J , Crowe Michael , Triebel Kristen L , Hill Benjamin D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Primary dystonia is conventionally seen as a motor disorder, though growing literature indicates cognitive dysfunction among persons with primary dystonia (PWD). Here, we completed a meta-analysis comparing cognition on clinical measures between PWD and normal controls.

Method
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PsycINFO using a uniform search-strategy to locate original research comparing cognition between PWD and control samples. All analyses were modeled under random-effects. We used Hedge’s g as a bias-corrected estimate of effect size. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2.

Results
The initial search strategy yielded 866 results. Twenty studies were analyzed (PWD n = 739, control n = 865; 254 effect sizes extracted). Meta-analysis showed a significant combined effect size of primary dystonia across all studies (g = −0.55, p &lt; 0.001), with low heterogeneity (Q = 23.60, p = 0.21, I2 = 19.49). Trim-and-fill procedure estimated 6 studies missing due to publication bias (adjusted g = −0.47, Q = 44.58). Within-domain effects of primary dystonia were: Motor/Non-Motor Speed = −0.76, Global Cognition/Orientation = −0.65, Language = −0.62, Executive Functioning = −0.50, Learning/Memory = −0.46, Visuospatial/Construction = −0.44, and Simple/Complex Attention = −0.36. Heterogeneity was generally low within domains. Effects were comparable between Speed tasks with (g = −0.85) and without (g = −0.80) a motor component. Meta-regressions indicated age, education, gender, and disease duration were not related to effect sizes.

Conclusions
PWD consistently demonstrated lower performances on neuropsychological tests compared to controls. Effect sizes were generally moderate in strength, with smallest effects in Simple/Complex Attention, and largest in Motor/Non-Motor Speed. Within the Speed domain, results suggested cognitive slowing beyond effects from motor symptoms. This quantitative summary indicates that PWD experience difficulties in multiple aspects of cognition, as detected by neuropsychological tests.
A-75 Effects of Rivastigmine on Neurocognitive Deficits in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Roper Carrie , Coelln Rainer , Shulman Lisa , Mordecai Kristen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Cognitive impairments are commonly seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, identification and tracking of cognitive deficits are not always part of treatment plans. Cholinergic treatment with rivastigmine has demonstrated beneficial effects on cognition and gait stability in PD-dementia, but less evidence exists in PD-mild cognitive impairment. We investigated the cognitive effects of rivastigmine treatment in a 3-month open-label pilot study.

Method
31 participants with PD and mild–moderate cognitive impairment (24 male; mean age = 71.7; mean years-of-education = 17.2; mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score = 21.7) completed pre-testing in a single-site, non-randomized study at the University of Maryland Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center. A subset of 12 patients returned for follow-up after 12 weeks of rivastigmine treatment. A physical examination, the MoCA, and a computerized cognitive measure (NeuroTrax) were completed at each session. It was hypothesized that rivastigmine would benefit cognition, particularly executive functioning.

Results
Rivastigmine benefited global cognitive functioning as measured by both the MoCA (t(10) = −2.5, p &lt; 0.05; M(Time 1) = 22.6(2.2), M(Time 2) = 24.9(3.9)) and NeuroTrax (t(11) = −3.0, p &lt; 0.05; M(Time 1) = 88.7(13.6), M(Time 2) = 95.5(11.6)), though no domain-specific changes were evident. Relationships among the two measures were also examined. Moderate correlations were found between MoCA total scores and NeuroTrax measures including Global Cognitive Scale (r = 0.40, p &lt; 0.05), Visuospatial Functioning (r = 0.39, p &lt; 0.05), Executive Functioning (r = 0.50, p &lt; 0.005), and Motor Response (speed/planning; r = 0.51, p &lt; 0.005).

Conclusions
Although small sample size and practice effects must be considered, results suggest potential global cognitive benefit of rivastigmine for patients with PD experiencing mild–moderate cognitive deficits. Treatment planning for all PD patients should include periodic cognitive screenings and consideration of treatment options.
Inferring causality in biological oscillators
Authors: Tyler Jonathan , Forger Daniel , Kim Jae Kyoung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMotivationFundamental to biological study is identifying regulatory interactions. The recent surge in time-series data collection in biology provides a unique opportunity to infer regulations computationally. However, when components oscillate, model-free inference methods, while easily implemented, struggle to distinguish periodic synchrony and causality. Alternatively, model-based methods test the reproducibility of time series given a specific model but require inefficient simulations and have limited applicability.ResultsWe develop an inference method based on a general model of molecular, neuronal and ecological oscillatory systems that merges the advantages of both model-based and model-free methods, namely accuracy, broad applicability and usability. Our method successfully infers the positive and negative regulations within various oscillatory networks, e.g. the repressilator and a network of cofactors at the pS2 promoter, outperforming popular inference methods.Availability and implementationWe provide a computational package, ION (Inferring Oscillatory Networks), that users can easily apply to noisy, oscillatory time series to uncover the mechanisms by which diverse systems generate oscillations. Accompanying MATLAB code under a BSD-style license and examples are available at https://github.com/Mathbiomed/ION. Additionally, the code is available under a CC-BY 4.0 License at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16431408.v1.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Envisioning Future Urinary Tract Infection Diagnostics
Authors: Patel Robin , Polage Christopher R , Dien Bard Jennifer , May Larissa , Lee Francesca M , Fabre Valeria , Hayden Mary K , Doernberg Sarah D B , Haake David A , Trautner Barbara W , Grigoryan Larissa , Tsalik Ephraim L , Hanson Kimberly E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in the United States and are a major driver of antibiotic use, both appropriate and inappropriate, across healthcare settings. Novel UTI diagnostics are a strategy that might enable better UTI treatment. Members of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group Laboratory Center and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Diagnostics Committee convened to envision ideal future UTI diagnostics, with a view towards improving delivery of healthcare, patient outcomes and experiences, and antibiotic use, addressing which types of UTI diagnostics are needed and how companies might approach development of novel UTI diagnostics.
Case report of a peculiar aneurysm of the ascending aorta: when there is much more beyond an incidental finding
Authors: Ceschia Nicole , Scheggi Valentina , Marchionni Niccolò , Stefano Pierluigi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are common in male patients around the VI–VII decade of life and most have a degenerative aetiology; otherwise, the occurrence of this disease at a younger age should prompt the search of rarer causes. We report a singular case of ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a young man.

Case summary
A large AAA accompanied by multivessel dilatation and renal failure of unknown onset was incidentally found in a 23-year-old male during the diagnostic work-up after a car accident. A systemic disease was therefore suspected, and a full clinical investigation revealed the uncommon diagnosis of sarcoidosis accompanied by large vessel vasculitis.

Discussion
Only a few reports in the literature describe the concurrence of sarcoidosis and large vessel vasculitis (Takayasu arteritis), which may share non-specific immunoinflammatory abnormalities. This case underlines the importance of a multisystem diagnostic approach even in front of an incidental finding that is inconsistent with patient’s age.
Wordsworth’s Self-Composure
Authors: Hart Jack L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This essay examines William Wordsworth’s attraction to fractious and perplexing selfhood. Attending to the often overlooked riches of the Cornell edition of Wordsworth’s poetry, I argue that the poet’s sense of the self is more than a straightforward aspiration towards organic creation. Recent scholarship has cast Wordsworth’s processes of revision as an effort to create continuity between his past and present selves. Memory, in this respect, becomes an instrument to invest back into original moments of creation. It is my contention that Wordsworth is instead fascinated by a self that cannot be drawn together neatly. I also consider the psychological contexts of Wordsworth’s writing. Contemporary theorizations of memory were sometimes too quick in reforming the fragmentary aspects of memory into a positive state of unity. Wordsworth’s poetic and compositional practices, then, challenge the stricter divisions in the eighteenth century between undesirable and splintered forms of selfhood and the more unified kinds of self, which usually rely on fulfilling a telos. Teleological views of selfhood, in Wordsworth’s eyes, are insufficient to account for the contingencies and happenstance that are natural and attractive aspects of experience. As this essay suggests, his practice of revision often thrives on the unpredictable elements of composition and drawn on by an attraction to the unknown.
Temporal dissection of Rai1 function reveals brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential therapeutic target for Smith–Magenis syndrome
Authors: Javed Sehrish , Lee Yu-Ju , Xu Jin , Huang Wei-Hsiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of retinoic acid-induced 1 (RAI1) is responsible for Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS), a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder associated with hyperphagia, obesity and autistic features. We previously showed that constitutive inactivation of one or both copies of Rai1 in the germline or developing brain induces SMS-like neurobehavioral deficits and obesity in mice. By contrast, the postnatal function of Rai1 is unclear. Here, we globally deleted one or both copies of Rai1 during two postnatal developmental windows by generating an inducible Rai1 knockout mouse model. We found that delayed Rai1 deletion at 3 or 8 weeks of age had no effect on neurobehavioral functions but resulted in adult-onset obesity and decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) in the hypothalamus. Remarkably, genetic overexpression of human Bdnf in Rai1 heterozygous mice reversed SMS-like obesity, hyperphagia, metabolic syndrome-like features and hyposociability. Increasing Bdnf signaling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus was sufficient to mediate the anti-obesity effect. Our work identifies the function of Rai1 in different temporal windows after birth and provides in vivo evidence that increasing Bdnf signaling is therapeutically effective in a preclinical mouse model of SMS.
Arabidopsis thalianaZn2+-efflux ATPases HMA2 and HMA4 are required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungusPlectosphaerella cucumerinaBMM
Authors: Escudero Viviana , Ferreira Sánchez Darío , Abreu Isidro , Sopeña-Torres Sara , Makarovsky-Saavedra Natalia , Bernal María , Krämer Ute , Grolimund Daniel , González-Guerrero Manuel , Jordá Lucía 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZinc is an essential nutrient at low concentrations, but toxic at slightly higher ones. It has been proposed that hyperaccumulator plants may use the excess zinc to fend off pathogens and herbivores. However, there is little evidence of a similar response in other plants. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana leaves inoculated with the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM) accumulate zinc and manganese at the infection site. Zinc accumulation did not occur in a double mutant in the zinc transporters HEAVY METAL ATPASE2 and HEAVY METAL ATPASE4 (HMA2 and HMA4), which has reduced zinc translocation from roots to shoots. Consistent with a role in plant immunity, expression of HMA2 and HMA4 was up-regulated upon PcBMM inoculation, and hma2hma4 mutants were more susceptible to PcBMM infection. This phenotype was rescued upon zinc supplementation. The increased susceptibility to PcBMM infection was not due to the diminished expression of genes involved in the salicylic acid, ethylene, or jasmonate pathways since they were constitutively up-regulated in hma2hma4 plants. Our data indicate a role of zinc in resistance to PcBMM in plants containing ordinary levels of zinc. This layer of immunity runs in parallel to the already characterized defence pathways, and its removal has a direct effect on resistance to pathogens.
A search for satellite galaxies of nearby star-forming galaxies with resolved stars in LBT-SONG
Authors: Garling Christopher T , Peter Annika H G , Kochanek Christopher S , Sand David J , Crnojević Denija 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results from a resolved stellar population search for dwarf satellite galaxies of six nearby (D &lt; 5 Mpc), sub-Milky Way mass hosts using deep (m ∼ 27 mag) optical imaging from the Large Binocular Telescope. We perform image simulations to quantify our detection efficiency for dwarfs over a large range in luminosity and size, and develop a fast catalogue-based emulator that includes a treatment of unresolved photometric blending. We discover no new dwarf satellites, but we recover two previously known dwarfs (DDO 113 and LV J1228+4358) with MV &lt; −12 that lie in our survey volume. We preview a new theoretical framework to predict satellite luminosity functions using analytical probability distribution functions and apply it to our sample, finding that we predict one fewer classical dwarf and one more faint dwarf (MV ∼ −7.5) than we find in our observational sample (i.e. the observational sample is slightly top-heavy). However, the overall number of dwarfs in the observational sample (2) is in good agreement with the theoretical expectations. Interestingly, DDO 113 shows signs of environmental quenching and LV J1228+4358 is tidally disrupting, suggesting that low-mass hosts may affect their satellites more severely than previously believed.