bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microleakage of different temporary luting agents used for cementing provisional restorations on custom cast posts and cores
Authors: Mohajerfar Maryam , Nouri Naeemeh Nikfarjam , Hooshmand Tabasom , Beyabanaki Elaheh 
Published: April 2021

Background:
This study aimed to compare the effect of four temporary luting agents on preventing the coronal microleakage of teeth restored with custom cast post and core.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro original study, after removing 9 mm of gutta percha from root canals of 32 single-canaled premolars, the acrylic resin patterns of the post and core were fabricated. Patterns were cast with Ni-Cr metal alloy and then cemented with glass ionomer. Using self-curing acrylic resin, provisional restorations were made. Then, teeth were randomly allocated to four groups for each temporary cement including zinc oxide eugenol (Temp Bond), zinc oxide noneugenol (Temp Bond NE), noneugenol resin-based temporary luting agent (Temp Bond Clear), and noneugenol urethane methacrylate polymer-based temporary luting agent (Dento temp). Teeth were subjected to thermocycling, immersed in silver nitrate for 6 h and then sectioned. The amount of dye penetration in the margin of provisional crown and into the coronal part of the root canals was measured using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests with significance level of 0.05.

Results:
All the luting agents showed some degree of microleakage (Group 1 showed the most microleakage). According to the pair comparison between the groups, Group 1 revealed a significant difference with others (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Group 2 showed more microleakage as compared to Group 4 (P = 0.037).

Conclusion:
Temp Bond showed the highest microleakage as compared to other luting agents. Furthermore, Temp Bond NE revealed a weaker sealability as compared to Dento temp.
Utilization of dental care in Iranian pregnant women
Authors: Rahebi Donya , Valadbeigi Tannaz , Hasani Jalil , Hajipour Mahmoud , Erfanpoor Saeed , Etemad Koorosh , Yaghoobi Halime , Zolfizadeh Fatemeh , Esmaeilzadeh Firooz , Gholami Ali , Rajabi Abdolhalim 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Although dental care attendance during pregnancy has been recommended by guidelines and institutions, the demand for dental services is still low among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of not receipt dental care and also determinants of that during pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:
This population-based study was conducted on 4071 mothers in 10 provinces of Iran, during 2014–2015. We calculated the prevalence of not receipt of dental care, and reasons for nonreceipt of care. We used logistic regression to estimate odds of nonreceipt of care by demographics variables. In the analyses, the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Overall, 54.70% of women had no dental visit during pregnancy. In mothers who had a history of stillbirth, neonatal death and live birth, the prevalence of not receipt dental care during pregnancy were 54.56%, 48.92%, and 58.76%, respectively. The logistic regression analyses showed that parity second-to-fourth birth than first birth (odds ratio [OR] 1.37 confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.17–1.59, residence in rural (OR 1.68 CI 95% 1.45–1.95), and not intended pregnancy (OR 1.32 CI 95% 1.03–1.68) associated with not received dental care during pregnancy.

Conclusion:
Most pregnant women in this study received insufficient dental care. The need for dental care during pregnancy must be promoted widely among women of reproductive age, and family barriers to dental care should be addressed.
Evidence-Based Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Tripathi Chandra Bhushan , Gangania Mohit , Kushwaha Suman , Agarwal Rachna 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Neurochemical studies have implicated metals in pathogenesis of PD.

Objectives:
To examine the association of serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, transferrin saturation and UIBC in PD patients and to derive the Discrimination Function with scores of these variables to correctly classify PD cases and healthy controls.

Methods:
In the present study, identification of biomarker pool in case-control study involving 79 PD cases and 80 healthy controls were performed.

Results:
The results of independent t-test analysis showed that PD cases presented significantly higher (P < 0.01) level of transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and urea than controls. As only one-third of transferrin is saturated with iron, so the transferrin present in serum has the extra binding capacity (67%), this is called UIBC. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine the factors that best discriminate between the categories of an outcome variables (Disease status = PD and Control) and total of five biochemical independent variables (UIBC, transferrin, iron, transferrin saturation, and copper) were taken into consideration. UIBC has emerged out to be highest discriminating, powerful and independent variable among considered independent variables, which indicates iron deficiency. After development of Discriminant Function (Z) and calculation of discriminant function cut points, a cross-validation analysis of PD cases and controls were conducted. The sensitivity of the developed model was 98.73% and specificity 83.75%. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was plotted, and the findings of ROC curve corroborated with the results obtained from discriminant function analysis.

Conclusion:
Prospective validation of Discriminant model in large cohort is warranted in future studies.
Morphometric Study of the Knee Joint in Saudi Arabian Population Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan
Authors: Alharbi Daifallah , Ahmed Zaheer 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered a highly recommended procedure, to improve the life of patients suffering from knee arthritis by relieving pain and deformity. Knee morphology and anthropomorphic features have evolved as the most reliable source of information to design TKA prostheses. But unfortunately, the amorphic features of Western patients are the preferred choice of data for the development of suitable implants. This study is conducted for commencing to evaluate the geometric parameters of the knee joints of Saudi Arabian male and female subjects which is indispensable to the design of knee prosthesis used for compatriotic patients.

Material and Methods:
A total of 13 parameters of tibia and femur were studied in a group of 150 normal subjects including 110 females and 40 males. A subsequent magnetic resonance imaging scan was done for all the studied cases and a reproducible result was obtained.

Results:
The Saudi females were found to have smaller dimensions of parameters of tibia and femur than those in Saudi males. The results when compared with other reports from different countries, we find marked difference in their dimensions.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Our study suggests that there exists a morphological mismatch between the knee anatomy of people of Saudi Arabia and people of other countries. Implantation of such implants prepared on the basis of outsider data could not justified to use in the Saudi population.
Sheath of Distal Tendon of Semimembranosus Muscle and it's Functional Significance
Authors: Joshi Subhash D. , Joshi Sharda S. , Valimbe Namrata 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Semimembranosus (SM) muscle is important in maintaining the stability of knee joint, and the distal end of it's tendon is not only complex but has been described differently in the available literature, which is quite perplexing. How a muscle with such divergent attachments can efficiently perform it's functions? Hence a detailed study of the distal semimembranosus tendon unit was undertaken.

Material and Methods:
One hundred lower limbs (Rt-50; lt.-50) were utilized for the present study. The posterior surface of SM was exposed and as the main tendon could not be traced to its insertion hence a vertical incision was made on the posterior surface of this tendon and this lead to the splitting of the tendon-sheath which exposed the thick shining distal tendon of SM.

Results:
Surprisingly, it was found that the main tendon of the SM (SMT) was surrounded by a fibrous sheath which was derived from the main muscle mass in the lower part of the thigh and in the majority of cases it was separated from it by a synovial space. Traced inferiorly it was observed that it is the sheath that spreads out to various divergent destinations described in the literature, whereas the main tendon gets attached to the groove on the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of tibia and a rough triangular area below the groove.

Discussion and Conclusion:
It is the nature's ingenuity that a single muscle with such divergent distal attachments can still efficiently perform its functions due to the formation of a sheath of distal tendon of SM.
Comparison of Mc Grath-MAC and C-MAC video laryngoscopes for intubation in a COVID simulated mannequin by novice users wearing face protective gear
Authors: Vig Saurabh , Bhan Swati , Gupta Nishkarsh , Meena Jitendra Kumar , Bhatnagar Sushma 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Intubation in COVID patients is challenging. Various guidelines suggest the use of video-laryngoscope (VL) as the first device to aid intubation in a COVID patient. The best VL to facilitate intubation in such a setting especially by novices is not ascertained. We compared intubation characteristics by two VL's (McGrath-MAC and C-MAC) for intubation in a COVID simulated mannequin by novices.

Methodology:
This prospective randomized manikin-based crossover study was done in thirty medical professionals with no previous experience of intubation with VL. All participants were trained on Laerdel airway management trainer and were allowed 5 practice sessions with each scope with an intubation box while wearing face protective personal protective equipment (PPE). Participants were randomized into two groups of 15 each, one group performed the intubation first with McGrath and the other with C-MAC before crossing over.

Results:
The mean (S. D.) time to intubation was similar with both McGrath-VL and CMAC VL [31.33 (14.72) s vs 26.47 (8.5) s, P = (p-0.063)]. POGO score [mean (S. D.)] was better with CMAC [81.33 (16.24) vs 60.33 (14.73), p-0.00. The majority of the users preferred C-MAC VL for intubation (93.33%). The incidence of failed intubation and multiple attempts at intubating were similar with the two scopes.

Conclusion:
The time to intubation was similar with both VL's but the majority of novices preferred CMAC probably due to a bigger screen that helped them to have a better view of glottis in the COVID simulated mannequin.
A scoping review of retracted publications in anesthesiology
Authors: Fiore Marco , Alfieri Aniello , Pace Maria Caterina , Simeon Vittorio , Chiodini Paolo , Leone Sebastiano , Wirz Stefan , Cuomo Arturo , Stoia Vincenzo , Cascella Marco 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Fraudulent publication is a scourge of scientific research.

Objectives:
This scoping review was aimed at characterizing retracted publications for fraud or plagiarism in the field of anesthesia. Does the reputation of the journal (Quartile and Impact Factor, IF) protect the reader from the risk of having the manuscript he read withdrawn for fraud/plagiarism?

Methods/Design:
This scoping review was planned following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. Data sources: PubMed and the Retraction Watch Database (http://retractiondatabase.org/RetractionSearch.aspx?). Study selection: All types of publications retracted. Data extraction: Year, first author nationality, journal name, journal category, IF, Quartile, H index. Data analysis: The association with Quartile and IF was investigated.

Results:
No significant association between retraction of papers published in no-Quartile journals and retractions published in journals placed in the highest quartile.

Conclusions:
The quality of the surveillance in paper submission is not higher in journals of the first Quartile than in journals not placed in other Quartiles. (The protocol was prospectively registered in the Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TGKNE)
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Wadhawa Reema , Thakkar Avani , Chhanwal Heena Sunil , Bhalotra Anju , Rana Yashpal , Wadhawa Vivek 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Many aspects of its pathology and pathogenesis are not well understood.

Material and Methods:
We describe a series of spontaneous air leak cases we found in our coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive 1086-patient cohort.

Results:
Two out of six patients eventually required mechanical ventilation and succumbed to COVID-19. We presume that acute lung injury leading to SARS-CoV-2 with associated acute respiratory distress syndrome predisposes patients to this complication.

Conclusion:
This series is presented to highlight the emerging association of COVID-19 with spontaneous air leaks leading to pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and subsequent subcutaneous emphysema even in patients who have never received invasive mechanical ventilation and this may be more likely with the institution of high flow nasal cannula.
Influencing factors of early cognitive deficits after ambulatory anesthesia
Authors: Metterlein Thomas , Wobbe Thomas , Brede Elmar-Marc , Vogtner Andreas , Krannich Jens , Eichelbrönner Otto , Broscheit Jens 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Anesthesia has an influence on early postoperative cognitive function. This is specifically relevant in ambulatory surgery. At discharge, patients must return to their normal life and manage simple tasks. Goal was to detect influencing factors of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction after ambulatory anesthesia.

Methods:
With approval of the local ethics committee, 102 individuals scheduled for ambulatory anesthesia were examined with a specific test battery. Cued and uncued reaction time, divided and selective attention were tested prior to anesthesia and at the time of discharge. Differences between the two examinations and potential influencing factors including age, premedication, type and duration of anesthesia were evaluated with the Student t-test and linear regression. P < 0.05 considered significant.

Results:
In all, 86 individuals completed the study. Both reaction times were reduced after anesthesia compared to before. No differences were seen for divided and selective attention. Age influenced on the post-anesthesia reaction time while all other factors did not.

Conclusion:
Reaction time but not attention as more complex cognitive function is influenced by anesthesia. Age seems to be an important factor in early postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
Effect of Light Intensities on Growth Performance of Tetrapleura tetraptera Seedlings Schum. (Thonn.)
Authors: Ayeni O.D. , Onilude Q.A. , Adekola P.J. , Awosusi B.M. , Mba N.C. , Ogoliegbune U. , Okumodi B.O. , Audu M.A. 
Published: April 2021

The study assessed the effect of varying light intensities and optimum percentage of sunlight favourable for raising Tetrapleura tetraptera seedlings. The light intensity was measured through photometer. The experiment was subjected to a control without wire mesh(T1) and three other treatments (T2, T3 and T4) covered with different layers of black wire mesh with 99.5%, 75%, 49.8% and 25% light intensities respectively. Each of the treatments was replicated six times in a completely randomized design. The plant height, leaf production and stem diameter were all monitored for 12 weeks. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed and the means separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that the significance effect (P = α0.05) was only observed in the seedlings height of Tetrapleuratetrapteraseedlings. However, the mean values obtained for all the parameters considered revealed the treatment 1(i.e. 99.8% wire mesh) was observed to be the best performing treatment. For the plant height, mean value ranged between 13.09 cm and 16.8 cm, a range from 0.22cm to 0.28mm was recorded for stem girth while the mean values between 22 and 27 were obtained for number of leaves among the treatments. It may be concluded from the study, that light intensity of 100% i.e without interference should be used for the growth and development as well as production of Tetrapleura tetraptera seedlings in the nursery.
Keywords: Growth development, light intensities, Tetraplura tetreptera seedlings, wire mesh size
Growth Evaluation of In-Vitro Propagated Embryo of Morinda Citrifolia L. Seeds
Authors: Afolabi J.O. , Adegboyega D.A. , Fasakin Y.O. 
Published: April 2021

The dormant nature of Morinda citrifolia seeds is a limitation to its efficient in-vitro plantlet multiplication. Hence, the use of embryo culture for successful in-vitro culture initiation. Matured embryo of freshly collected noni seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with kinetin (Kn) and Benzyl amino purine (BAP) in the range of A: control (no addition); B: 0.5 mg/l Kn+1.0 mg/l BAP; C: 1.0 mg/l Kn+2.0 mg/l Bap; D: 1.5 mg/l Kn+3.0 mg/l BAP and E: 2.0 mg/l Kn+4.0 mg/l BAP. The results at 4 weeks after inoculation (WAI) showed that germination was faster from medium A without hormone whereas highest percentage germination was obtained from both medium D and E with 80 %. Medium B and C had 65 % each while medium A gave the least (40%). The development of the plantlets showed that longest shoot (3.9 cm) from medium A was closely related to 3.58 cm from Medium B while root lengths (2.28 cm) and number of adventitious roots (26) from medium A were significantly higher than other media at 12 WAI. Highest number of nodes (2.25) obtained from medium D was comparable to Media C and B while medium A had the least at 12 WAI. Number of leaves obtained was similar between the media at 12 WAI. These results indicated that using embryo is reliable for fast in-vitro propagation and shoot development of noni plant with optimum cytokinins (0.5/1.0 mg/l Kn/BAP) application.
Keywords: Culture initiation, Cytokinins, Embryo culture, Plantlet, Shoot development
Investigation of Bulb Extracts of Crinum jagus for Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities
Authors: Alawode T.T. , Lajide L. , Owolabi B.J. , Olaleye M.T. 
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the bulb extracts of Crinum jagus for antimicrobial activities. The bulb samples were dried, ground and subjected to successive extraction using hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. The extracts were screened for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebisidlae pneumonae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer at concentrations between 6.25 and 200 mg/ml. Antimicrobial assays werecarried out using agar diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined. The percentage yields obtained for the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of the bulbs are 0.28 %, 0.44% and 24.68 % respectively. Results showed that the methanolic extract had better antibacterial and antifungal activities than the other extracts. The methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition of 28 mm at 200 mg/ml. Also, the methanol extract showed the highest antifungal activities against C. albicans, A. niger and P. notatum with a zone of inhibition of 20 mm at 200 mg/ml. The hexane and ethylacetate extracts had no activity against the microorganisms at 6.25 mg/ml.The methanol extract had the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 2.50 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. The methanol extract could be a source of potent antimicrobial compounds.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Crinum jagus, Agar diffusion, MIC
Evaluation of Asa River Water in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for Available Pollutants and their Effects on Mitosis and Chromosomes Morphology in Allium cepa Cells
Authors: Akinboro A. , Peter N.A. , Rufai M.A. , Ibrahim A.O. 
Published: April 2021

T: This study evaluated water samples from Asa River in Kwara state, Nigeria, for cytogenotoxicity at 25.0 %, 50.0 %, 100.0 % following the Allium cepa assay. Onions were grown in the water samples for microscopic and macroscopic screenings. Heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants in the water were elucidated using AAS and GCMS techniques. The Water samples except the sample ‘C’ induced higher mitotic index (MI) than the negative control. Root growth was significantly promoted at 25.0 %, and significantly reduced at 50.0 % and 100.0 % of the sample ‘C’ and 100.0 % of the sample ‘A’. Water sample ‘A’ (100.0%) induced highest percentage chromosomal aberrations (CA) while the water samples ‘B’ and ‘C’ induced higher percentage CA than the negative control. Cadmium was detected at a concentration higher than its permissible limit in drinking water. Poly aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic amines, Acridine dye, Phenolic and Polychlorinated compounds were detected in the water sample. The observed proliferative, inhibitory, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the water samples on A. cepa cells suggest that Asa river was polluted, having potential to adversely affect humans, animals and plants utilizing it along its course.
Keywords: Allium cepa; Asa River; cytogenotoxicity; Nigeria; pollutants
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from some drinking wells in Ondo town southwest Nigeria
Authors: Aromolaran O. , Amodu O.A. 
Published: April 2021

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) strains have become a global health threat. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wells in Ondo town, Southwest Nigeria. Twenty-eight well water samples were analyzed for the presence of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa by standard pour plate technique. The bacterial isolates were tested against eight commonly use antibiotics using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The percentage occurrence of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa in the well water samples were 17.86% and 21.43%, respectively. Two multi-drug resistant strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated, which were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. Fifty percent of the P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to caftazidime, cefuroxime, nitrofurantoin, and ampicillin. None of the isolates was fully susceptible to cefuroxime, but have all showed resistance to β-lactam (ceftazidime, cefuroxime augmentin, and ampicillin) antibiotics. Cefuroxime may not be effective an effective drug in the treatment of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa implicated infections in these communities in Ondo. Also, the over-use of antibiotics should be discouraged in order to curtail the menace of antibiotic resistance
Keywords: Well water, Antibiotics, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa