bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of antioxidant peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of golden melon seeds protein
Authors: Chen Lihua , Li Dongna , Zhu Chuchu , Rong Yuzhi , Zeng Wenhua 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe purpose of present research was to study novel antioxidant peptides from Golden melon seeds. Alkaline protease was used to hydrolyse the Golden melon seeds protein to obtain the hydrolysed peptides. These antioxidant peptides were purified and identified by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography and RP‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Results showed that the peptide fraction (GMSHp3) with molecular weight (MW) <3 kDa obtained by ultrafiltration had the highest antioxidant capacity. This fraction was further purified via gel filtration chromatography into six sub‐fractions, among which GMSHp3‐3 exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging effect. Fraction GMSHp3‐3 was further purified via RP‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS and sequenced as six potential antioxidant peptides with amino acids sequences of RMSFPVMCRN, LMRVLAQLG, ALAPLVALPAA, LVGKPAPD, LPAAHKA and AHAAGYGG, among which LMRVLAQLG, LPAAHKA and AHAAGYGG possessed effective ferric reducing power. These results indicated that novel antioxidant peptides from golden melon seeds protein hydrolysates might be potential antioxidant source of functional foods or nutraceutical supplements.
Consumer acceptability and antidiabetic properties of flakes and crackers developed from selected native Australian plant species
Authors: Njume Collise , Donkor Osaana N. , Vasiljevic Todor , McAinch Andrew J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes, linked to an unhealthy diet, is increasing in Australia. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of potential antidiabetic food preventatives followed by phyto‐component detection by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis and glycaemic index (GI) estimation by in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis. Five flakes and a cracker were developed from Acacia longifolia seeds, Typha orientalis rhizomes and Rhagodia candolleana berries. Samples were tested for consumer acceptability against a commercially available flake and cracker (as controls) by 44 participants using a 9‐point hedonic scale. Overall acceptability of 86.4% and 54.5%–65.9% was recorded against control and test flakes, while control and test crackers recorded 84.1% and 70.5%, respectively. The test cracker contained gallic acid (GA) and ρ‐coumaric acid (PCA) with GI, 47.7 ± 1.3, whereas control cracker contained GA and had GI, 70.3 ± 2.5. These results indicate that the test cracker may have potential as an antidiabetic food preventative.
Calcium silicate hydrate—in‐situdevelopment of the silicate structure followed by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: John Elisabeth , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the current study, the development of the silicate structure of synthetic calcium silicate hydrates with different calcium contents was followed byin‐situinfrared (IR) spectroscopy and correlated to thein‐situphase development evaluated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). A baseline correction method initially developed for X‐ray diffractograms was successfully adapted for the complex background of the fingerprint region inin‐situIR, which significantly contributed to signal quality and reproducibility. The development of separate silicate infrared bands could be monitored over 24 h of reaction. These bands could be assigned to oligomeric and dimeric species based on their time and stoichiometry‐dependent development. It was clearly shown that the main peak of the dimeric silicate species was overlooked in the literature. The correlation of time‐dependent events toin‐situXRD revealed that changes in the unit cell of calcium silicate hydrate are related to silicate polymerization. The results were compared to29Si‐MAS‐NMR, which highlighted the benefits ofin‐situIR spectroscopy.
Marital relationships spillover and parental differential treatment of siblings: A multilevel meta‐analysis
Authors: Jensen Alexander C. , Jorgensen‐Wells Mc Kell A. , Pickett Janna M. , Andrus Lauren E. , Leiter Virginia K. , Graver Haley , Pollard Brittany M. , Kroff Savannah L. , Russo Raechel B. , Hanna‐Walker Veronica R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFounded in family systems theory, the spillover hypothesis suggests that marital relationships are linked to parenting. The current study used meta‐analysis to extend this literature and examine links between marital positivity and marital negativity with absolute levels of parental differential treatment (PDT) of siblings. Multilevel data included 2575 effect sizes nested within 45 sources (articles/raw datasets), nested within 12 unique samples. Lower marital positivity and greater marital negativity were linked to greater differences in treatment. Those main effects, however, were moderated by several source and effect size characteristics. For example, links were stronger when effect sizes were based on differential positive interactions. Caution is warranted in most cases; effect sizes were generally small. Findings, however, suggest that parents should be aware of how they may treat their children differently in connection with poorer marital relationships. Future research on PDT should include a greater focus on the domains of differential treatment.
The effectiveness of physical exercise type and length to prevent falls in nursing homes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Fang , Tian Bailing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the effect of physical exercise on fall prevention and the characteristics required for effective exercise.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials.MethodSix databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, SinoMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to find the relevant randomised controlled trials published before January 2021. The study was reported in compliance with PRISMA statement. The included studies were assessed for quality using the Cochrane “Risk of Bias” assessment tool, and the data were analysed with review manager.ResultsOverall, fourteen studies were included. Compared physical exercise with normal daily life, the pooled effect size of all trials indicated that intervention had significant effect on fall prevention (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73–0.98). The result of subgroup revealed that long‐term exercise and balance exercise could reduce falling, while short‐term exercise and more complex exercise couldn't.ConclusionsExercise may be effective in reducing falls, and long‐term balance exercise played a role in preventing falls in nursing homes.
Outcomes and potential surrogate markers for future clinical trials of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis
Authors: Rivera‐Esteban Jesús , Armandi Angelo , Augustin Salvador , Bugianesi Elisabetta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis has emerged as a major public health problem, and the burden of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis is projected to increase by 64%‐156% by 2030. The threat is aggravated by the fact that are currently no approved drugs for the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this paper, we review the main challenges to drug development in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis, and describe the opportunities brought by the advances in the understanding of the clinical and pathophysiological nuances of cirrhosis. The design of therapeutic regimens for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis will vary according to the specific cirrhosis substage (compensated vs decompensated), and the specific mechanistic basis of therapy, targeted either at improving aetiology‐specific pathways and/or at more general aetiology‐agnostic processes. The understanding of the probabilistic expectations for the whole range of potential outcomes, rooted at different mechanistic drivers at each specific substage, will be essential in order to choose adequate estimands and therapeutic strategies for clinical trials and individual patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis. Finally, we provide a summary of the main pitfalls and uncertainties in the design of clinical trials for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis and discuss potential biomarkers for use in trials and practice for these patients.
Pulsatility protects the endothelial glycocalyx during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zeng Jianfeng , He Xiaoqian , Cao Weidong , Peng Xiaopeng , Li Guanhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulsatile flow protects vital organ function and improves microcirculatory perfusion during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Studies revealed that pulsatile shear stress plays a vital role in microcirculatory function and integrity. The objective of this study was to investigate how pulsatility affects wall shear stress and endothelial glycocalyx components during ECMO.MethodsUsing the i‐Cor system, sixteen canine ECMO models were randomly allocated into the pulsatile or the non‐pulsatile group (eight canines for each). Hemodynamic parameters, peak wall shear stress (PWSS), serum concentration of syndecan‐1, and heparan sulfate were measured at different time points during ECMO. Pulsatile shear stress experiments were also performed in endothelial cells exposed to different magnitudes of pulsatility (five plates for each condition), with cell viability, the expressions of syndecan‐1, and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) markers analyzed.ResultsThe pulsatile flow generated more surplus hemodynamic energy and preserved higher PWSS during ECMO. Serum concentrations of both syndecan‐1 and heparan sulfate were negatively correlated with PWSS, and significantly lower levels were observed in the pulsatile group. Besides, non‐pulsatility triggered EndMT and endothelial cells exposed to low pulsatility had the lowest possibility of EndMT.ConclusionThe maintenance of the PWSS by pulsatility during ECMO possesses beneficial effects on glycocalyx integrity. Moreover, pulsatility prevents EndMT in endothelial cells, and low pulsatility exhibits the best protective effects. The augmentation of pulsatility may be a plausible future direction to improve the clinical outcome in ECMO.
His bundle lead implantation for leadless pacemaker pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy in persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Anderson John , Berenbom Loren D. , Noheria Amit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPersistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) poses technical challenges to implantation of transvenous cardiac implantable electronic devices. His‐bundle pacing is a physiologic pacing strategy to avoid or treat pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy. We report a case of His‐bundle lead implantation in a patient with PLSVC, absent right SVC, and pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Childhood food allergy and food allergen sensitisation are associated with adult airways disease: A birth cohort study
Authors: Fong Wei Chern Gavin , Chan Adrian , Zhang Hongmei , Holloway John W. , Roberts Graham , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh , Arshad Syed Hasan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildhood food allergy (FA) and food allergen sensitization (FAS) are associated with allergic airway disease(s) [AAD] (asthma and rhinitis) in childhood. However, the associations between childhood FA/FAS and AAD in adulthood are not well described.MethodsWe investigated the longitudinal relationship between childhood FA/FAS to common food allergens and AAD at 18 and 26 years, in the Isle of Wight birth cohort. Study subjects (N = 1456) were followed up at fixed time points from ages 1–26 years for FA/FAS status. AAD were evaluated from 4 years onwards. The associations between FA/FAS and AAD were assessed with univariate analyses and then multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for clinically relevant co‐variates.ResultsFood allergy at 4 years was significantly associated with asthma at 18 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.75, 95% CI: 1.53–4.92, p = .001] and 26 years (aOR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.32–5.20, p = .006). Conversely, childhood FA was not associated with adulthood rhinitis whatsoever. While FAS at ages 4 and 10 were associated with both AAD, the associations between FAS and rhinitis were less robust relative to asthma.ConclusionChildhood FA increased the odds of asthma during adulthood by nearly threefold. Additionally, childhood FAS was also associated with increased odds of asthma in adulthood. Conversely, FAS but not FA in childhood was associated with rhinitis in adulthood. We suggest that children with FA/FAS should be followed up to facilitate early detection and intervention of subsequent AAD, particularly asthma.
Gender wage gap in small islands: Effect of a policy framework in Mauritius
Authors: Brizmohun Roshini , Alessandrini Diana , Hartarska Valentina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMauritius is classified as a high‐income small island country. However, gender inequalities are still prevalent and therefore need to be addressed. This paper analyses the attempts made by the country to improve gender parity through the adoption of a national gender policy framework (NGPF) in 2008, using difference‐in‐differences with pooled cross‐sectional data from Household Budget Surveys 2007, 2012 and 2017. The results indicate that no significant gender wage gap changes occurred in 2012 after controlling for human capital, industry, and occupation. On a longer run, the interaction of the gender and year variable was significant in 2017 only when controlling for industry and occupation. This study shows that the NGPF can help women climb the economic ladder within their occupation but does not help them increase their occupational prestige by moving to a higher‐paying occupation. More focused policies with clear action plans, for instance, those that will promote the inclusion of women in high‐level positions, will reduce the gender wage gap. Encouraging women to participate in the knowledge‐based, high‐income economy of Mauritius by overcoming the skills mismatch that pervades in sectors with fastest growth is a potential strategy for improving gender wage parity.
Estudio fenomenológico sobre las disposiciones docentes en la relación pedagógica
Authors: Martín-Alonso Diego , Blanco-García Nieves , Sierra-Nieto José Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

Partiendo del marco de la fenomenología vanmaniana, el propósito de este trabajo es profundizar y tratar de captar la esencia de las disposiciones docentes puestas en juego en la construcción de la relación pedagógica. En consecuencia, abordamos el estudio desde un enfoque fenomenológico. A través de relatos anecdóticos vividos con una maestra de educación primaria realizamos un análisis exegético en torno a los tres temas que, en línea con trabajos previos, hemos encontrado: cuidado, responsabilidad y esperanza. Las conclusiones apuntan a estos tres focos como las disposiciones que sustentan el gesto que inicia la relación pedagógica.
“A mala não é dela”: saber das crianças em contexto escolar de fronteira
Authors: Machado e Silva Regina Coeli 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um saber comum das crianças sobre um modo de vida de trabalho de adultos, visível em uma escola fundamental em Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil, na fronteira com o Paraguai. Na introdução, circunscrevo o contexto da etnografia por meio de considerações téorico-metodológicas. Apresento, primeiro, a paradoxal presentificação da fronteira do Estado-Nação brasileiro na experiência escolar; segundo, a gramática moral do trabalho ilegal visto como legítimo; e, terceiro, exponho o saber das crianças da escola a respeito desse trabalho, explicitado por elas diante das cenas de um curta metragem exibido na sala de aula.
Deep learning algorithms for automatic detection of pterygium using anterior segment photographs from slit-lamp and hand-held cameras
Authors: Fang Xiaoling , Deshmukh Mihir , Chee Miao Li , Soh Zhi-Da , Teo Zhen Ling , Thakur Sahil , Goh Jocelyn Hui Lin , Liu Yu-Chi , Husain Rahat , Mehta Jodhbir S , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Tham Yih-Chung 
Published: July 2021

Background/aimsTo evaluate the performances of deep learning (DL) algorithms for detection of presence and extent pterygium, based on colour anterior segment photographs (ASPs) taken from slit-lamp and hand-held cameras.MethodsReferable pterygium was defined as having extension towards the cornea from the limbus of >2.50 mm or base width at the limbus of >5.00 mm. 2503 images from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) study were used as the development set. Algorithms were validated on an internal set from the SEED cohort (629 images (55.3% pterygium, 8.4% referable pterygium)), and tested on two external clinic-based sets (set 1 with 2610 images (2.8% pterygium, 0.7% referable pterygium, from slit-lamp ASP); and set 2 with 3701 images, 2.5% pterygium, 0.9% referable pterygium, from hand-held ASP).ResultsThe algorithm’s area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for detection of any pterygium was 99.5%(sensitivity=98.6%; specificity=99.0%) in internal test set, 99.1% (sensitivity=95.9%, specificity=98.5%) in external test set 1 and 99.7% (sensitivity=100.0%; specificity=88.3%) in external test set 2. For referable pterygium, the algorithm’s AUROC was 98.5% (sensitivity=94.0%; specificity=95.3%) in internal test set, 99.7% (sensitivity=87.2%; specificity=99.4%) in external set 1 and 99.0% (sensitivity=94.3%; specificity=98.0%) in external set 2.ConclusionDL algorithms based on ASPs can detect presence of and referable-level pterygium with optimal sensitivity and specificity. These algorithms, particularly if used with a handheld camera, may potentially be used as a simple screening tool for detection of referable pterygium. Further validation in community setting is warranted.Synopsis/precisDL algorithms based on ASPs can detect presence of and referable-level pterygium optimally, and may be used as a simple screening tool for the detection of referable pterygium in community screenings.
Measuring physician practice, preparedness and preferences for genomic medicine: a national survey
Authors: Nisselle Amy , King Emily A , McClaren Belinda , Janinski Monika , Metcalfe Sylvia , Gaff Clara 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveEven as genomic medicine is implemented globally, there remains a lack of rigorous, national assessments of physicians’ current genomic practice and continuing genomics education needs. The aim of this study was to address this gap.DesignA cross-sectional survey, informed by qualitative data and behaviour change theory, to assess the current landscape of Australian physicians’ genomic medicine practice, perceptions of proximity and individual preparedness, and preferred models of practice and continuing education. The survey was advertised nationally through 10 medical colleges, 24 societies, 62 hospitals, social media, professional networks and snowballing.Results409 medical specialists across Australia responded, representing 30 specialties (majority paediatricians, 20%), from mainly public hospitals (70%) in metropolitan areas (75%). Half (53%) had contacted their local genetics services and half (54%) had ordered or referred for a gene panel or exome/genome sequencing test in the last year. Two-thirds (67%) think genomics will soon impact their practice, with a significant preference for models that involved genetics services (p<0.0001). Currently, respondents mainly perform tasks associated with pretest family history taking and counselling, but more respondents expect to perform tasks at all stages of testing in the future, including tasks related to the test itself, and reporting results. While one-third (34%) recently completed education in genomics, only a quarter (25%) felt prepared to practise. Specialists would like (more) education, particularly on genomic technologies and clinical utility, and prefer this to be through varied educational strategies.ConclusionsThis survey provides data from a breadth of physician specialties that can inform models of genetic service delivery and genomics education. The findings support education providers designing and delivering education that best meet learner needs to build a competent, genomic-literate workforce. Further analyses are underway to characterise early adopters of genomic medicine to inform strategies to increase engagement.
Effect of the oXiris membrane on microcirculation after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (OXICARD Study)
Authors: Abou-Arab Osama , Huette Pierre , Haye Guillaume , Guilbart Mathieu , Touati Gilles , Diouf Momar , Beyls Christophe , Dupont Herve , Mahjoub Yazine 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionCytokine storm and endotoxin release during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been related to vasoplegic shock and organ dysfunction. We hypothesised that early (during CPB) cytokine adsorption with oXiris membrane for patients at high risk of inflammatory syndrome following cardiac surgery may improve microcirculation, endothelial function and outcomes.Methods and analysisThe Oxicard trial is a prospective, monocentric trial, randomising 70 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. The inclusion criterion is patients aged more than 18 years old undergoing elective cardiac surgery under CPB with an expected CPB time >90 min (double valve replacement or valve replacement plus coronary arterial bypass graft). Patients will be allocated to the intervention group (n=35) or the control group (n=35). In the intervention group, oXiris membrane will be used on the Prismaflex device (Baxter) at blood pump flow of 450 mL/min during cardiac surgery under CPB. In the control group, cardiac surgery under CPB will be conducted as usual without oXiris membrane. An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed. The primary endpoint will be the microcirculatory flow index measured by sublingual microcirculation device at day 1 following cardiac surgery. The secondary endpoints will be other microcirculation variables at CPB end, 6 hours after CPB, at day 1 and at day 2. We also aim to evaluate the occurrence of major cardiovascular and cerebral events (eg, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischaemic mesenteric, resuscitated cardiac arrest, acute kidney injury) within the first 30 days. Cumulative catecholamine use, intensive care unit length of stay, endothelium glycocalyx shedding parameters (syndecan-1, heparan-sulfate and hyaluronic acid), inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin 1 (IL1) beta, IL 10, IL 6, lipopolysaccharide, endothelin) and endothelial permeability biomarkers (angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2, Tie2 soluble receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) will also be evaluated.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University Hospital of Amiens (registration number ID RDB: 2019-A02437-50 in February 2020). Results of the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04201119.