bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study at bioprocess and metabolite levels of superhost strain Streptomyces coelicolor M1152 and its derivative M1581 heterologously expressing chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster
Authors: Kumar Kanhaiya , Bruheim Per 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrobial superhost strains should provide an ideal platform for the efficient homologous or heterologous phenotypic expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of new and novel bioactive molecules. Our aim in the current study was to perform a comparative study at the bioprocess and metabolite levels of the previously designed superhost strain Streptomyces coelicolor M1152 and its derivative strain S. coelicolor M1581 heterologously expressing chloramphenicol BGC. Parent strain M1152 was characterized by a higher specific growth rate, specific CO2 evolution rate, and a higher specific l‐glutamate consumption rate as compared with M1581. Intracellular primary central metabolites (nucleoside/sugar phosphates, amino acids, organic acids, and CoAs) were quantified using four targeted LC‐MS/MS‐based methods. The metabolite pathways in the nonantibiotic producing S. coelicolor host strain were flooded with carbon from both carbon sources, whereas in antibiotic‐producing strain, the carbon of l‐glutamate seems to be draining out through excreting synthesized antibiotic. The 13C‐isotope‐labeling experiments revealed the bidirectionality in the glycolytic pathway and reversibility in the non‐oxidative part of PPP even with continuous uptake of d‐glucose. The change in the primary metabolites due to the insertion of BGC disclosed a clear linkage between the primary and secondary metabolites.
Infants can breathe and swallow at the same time?
Authors: Vilensky Joel A. , Henton Patricia , Suárez‐Quian Carlos A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe concept that infants can breathe and swallow simultaneously due to distinct breathing and swallowing channels was propagated primarily by Edmund Crelin and his student, Jeffrey Laitman. Our evaluation of the primary research article that supported this concept found the article to be unconvincing due to numerous misrepresentations of prior data as well as those presented in the article. Despite clear evidence that newborns cannot breathe and swallow simultaneously, Crelin and Laitman continued to support this concept well into the 21st century, which resulted in the concept becoming imbedded in popular literature and the internet, with potentially significant negative clinical consequences. We suggest that a partial explanation why this anatomically and physiologically illogical concept was able to propagate is the paucity of the teaching of newborn anatomy to medical professionals.
Implementierung einer PID‐Regelung in multiregionale Wärmesimulationen in OpenFOAM®
Authors: Röger Markus , Bahle Jonathan , Freiberger Tobias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Verpackungsanlagen werden Produkte häufig mithilfe der Heißsiegeltechnologie verschlossen. Aufgrund ständig steigender Anforderungen an das Verpackungsmaterial wird eine hohe Prozessstabilität beim Heißsiegeln immer wichtiger. Für ein besseres Prozessverständnis wurde auf Basis des OpenFOAM®‐Lösers chtMultiRegionFoam ein numerischer Löser entwickelt, mit dem in multiregionalen Wärmesimulationen zusätzlich eine Sensor‐ und Heizerregion über eine PID‐Regelung gekoppelt wird. Ziel ist es, Maschinenprozesse im Vorfeld möglichst realitätsnah vorhersagen zu können.
Quand une influence minoritaire suffit à rendre plus tolérant à la fraude: Une étude expérimentale au sein de petits groupes
Authors: Sardais Cyrille , Guinovker Alexandre , Bellavance François , Agogué Marine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies minority influence on individual tolerance to certain instances of fraud. Using an experimental approach, we divided 100 students from a business school into 25 groups and compared the individual trajectory of each group according to whether they were in a group composed of only fraud‐intolerant individuals (control), in a group with one fraud‐tolerant individual (minority), or in a group with two fraud‐tolerant individuals (equality). Our results indicate that individual fraud tolerance increases significantly after a group discussion in which only one more fraud‐tolerant individual participates, demonstrating the magnitude of the minority influence on the trajectory of individuals who were initially fraud intolerant.
Halogen‐Dance‐Based Synthesis of Phosphonomethoxyethyl (PME) Substituted 2‐Aminothiazoles as Potent Inhibitors of Bacterial Adenylate Cyclases
Authors: Česnek Michal , Šafránek Michal , Dračínský Martin , Tloušťová Eva , Mertlíková‐Kaiserová Helena , Hayes Michael P. , Watts Val J. , Janeba Zlatko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) was designed as inhibitors of bacterial adenylate cyclases (ACs), where adenine was replaced with 2‐amino‐4‐arylthiazoles. The target compounds were prepared using the halogen dance reaction. Final AC inhibitors were evaluated in cell‐based assays (prodrugs) and cell‐free assays (phosphono diphosphates). Novel ANPs were potent inhibitors of adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) from Bordetella pertussis and edema factor (EF) from Bacillus anthracis, with substantial selectivity over mammalian enzymes AC1, AC2, and AC5. Six of the new ANPs were more potent or equipotent ACT inhibitors (IC50=9–18 nM), and one of them was more potent EF inhibitor (IC50=12 nM), compared to adefovir diphosphate (PMEApp) with IC50=18 nM for ACT and IC50=36 nM for EF. Thus, these compounds represent the most potent ACT/EF inhibitors based on ANPs reported to date. The potency of the phosphonodiamidates to inhibit ACT activity in J774A.1 macrophage cells was somewhat weaker, where the most potent derivative had IC50=490 nM compared to IC50=150 nM of the analogous adefovir phosphonodiamidate. The results suggest that more efficient type of phosphonate prodrugs would be desirable to increase concentrations of the ANP‐based active species in the cells in order to proceed with the development of ANPs as potential antitoxin therapeutics.
Fabrication of Flexible Co‐salen Integrated Polymers for Hydration of Epoxides and Alkynes via Cooperative Activation
Authors: Li He , Chen Jian , Liu Jiali , Li Chunzhi , Liu Lina , Yang Qihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost cross‐linked polymers with integrated active sites in the network have poor flexibility, which inhibits their applications in catalysis involving a cooperative activation pathway. Herein, a flexible organic polymer with high concentration of salen ligand in the network (SOP) was successfully synthesized by the reaction of meso‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine and 1,3,5‐tris(3’‐tert‐butyl‐4’‐hydroxy‐5’‐formylphenyl)benzene. The post‐synthesis coordination with CoII followed by further oxidation results in the formation of SOP−Co−OTs. The large amounts uptake of benzene of SOP and variation of the BET surface area after coordination with different metal cations confirmed the network flexibility. Consequently, SOP−Co−OTs could efficiently catalyze the epoxides hydration to afford turnover frequency up to 2400 h−1 via cooperative activation. Furthermore, SOP−Co−OTs works cooperatively with Amberlyst‐15 in the hydration of phenylacetylene to afford higher yield than homogeneous Co‐salen. Our primary results suggest the potential applications of flexible polymer catalysts in reactions involving cooperative activation pathway.
Single‐Molecule Charge‐Transport Modulation Induced by Steric Effects of Side Alkyl Chains
Authors: Jiang Wenlin , Tan Zhibing , Almughathawi Renad , Wu Qingqing , Liu Zitong , Liu Junyang , Hou Songjun , Zhang Guanxin , Lambert Colin J. , Hong Wenjing , Zhang Deqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe experimental investigation of side‐chain effects on intramolecular charge transport in π‐conjugated molecules is essential but remains challenging. Herein, the dependence of intra‐molecular conductance on the nature of branching alkyl chains is investigated through a combination of the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM‐BJ) technique and density functional theory. Three thiophene‐flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives with different branching alkyl chains (isopentane, 3‐methylheptane, and 9‐methylnonadecane) are used with phenylthiomethyl groups as the anchoring groups. The results of single‐molecule conductance measurements show that as the alkyl chain becomes longer, the torsional angles between the aromatic rings increase due to steric crowding, and therefore, the molecular conductance of DPP decreases due to reduction in conjugation. Both theoretical simulations and 1H NMR spectra demonstrate that the planarity of the DPPs is directly reduced after introducing longer branching alkyl chains, which leads to a reduced conductance. This work indicates that the effect of the insulating side chain on the single‐molecule conductance cannot be neglected, which should be considered for the design of future organic semiconducting materials.
Privileged Biorenewable Secologanin‐Based Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis for Pseudo‐Natural Alkaloids: Uncovering Novel Neuroprotective and Antimalarial Frameworks
Authors: Zhu Huajian , Cai Yunrui , Ma Shijia , Futamura Yushi , Li Jinbiao , Zhong Wen , Zhang Xiangnan , Osada Hiroyuki , Zou Hongbin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBioprivileged molecules hold great promise for supplementing petrochemicals in sustainable organic synthesis of a diverse bioactive products library. Secologanin, a biorenewable monoterpenoid glucoside with unique structural elements, is the key precursor for thousands of natural monoterpenoid alkaloids. Inspired by its inherent highly congested functional groups, a secologanin‐based diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) strategy for novel pseudo‐natural alkaloids was developed. All the reactive units of secologanin were involved in these operation simplicity protocols under mild reaction conditions, including the one‐step enantioselective transformation of exocyclic C8, C8/C11, and C8/C9/C10 as well as the chemoenzymatic manipulation of endocyclic C2/C6 via the attack by various nucleophiles. A combinatory scenario of the aforementioned reactions further provided diverse polycyclic products with multiple chiral centers. Preliminary activity screening of these newly constructed molecules led to the discovery of antimalarial and highly potent neuroprotective skeletons. The application of green biorenewable secologanin in diversity‐oriented pseudo‐natural monoterpenoid alkaloid synthesis might encourage the pursuit of valuable bioactive frameworks.
Effect of land use change on hydrology of forested watersheds
Authors: Dogan Fatma Nihan , Karpuzcu Mahmut Ekrem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLand use/cover changes (LUCCs) in megacities can be rapid and extensive and lead to unintended consequences in sustainable watershed management. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of LUCC on hydrological components using Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in Terkos Basin, Turkey. Four LUCC scenarios (deforestation, urbanization, decrease in agricultural land and expansion in agricultural land) were set up regarding possible future land use changes in the watershed. Surface runoff was the main hydrological component that was impacted by LUCCs. Urbanization and conversion into agricultural lands scenarios resulted in considerable increases in surface runoff. Annual change of surface runoff for urbanization and conversion into agricultural lands scenarios was over 45% when compared to the baseline scenario. More remarkable changes were seen in dry months among the scenarios. Controlling the overall response of the hydrological systems to LUCC depends on better understanding of surface runoff processes. LUCC scenarios were also assessed based on freshwater availability components blue water and green water. The average annual total blue water potential, annual total green water flow and average green water storage of studied sub‐basin were 537, 584 and 108 mm/year for the baseline scenario, respectively. The trends of the blue water flow and green water storage were similar for each scenario, in that they were closely related to precipitation. This study provides valuable insight into hydrological impacts of possible land use changes on forested watersheds.
Test and characterization of reversible solid oxide cells and stacks for innovative renewable energy storage
Authors: Hauch Anne , Ploner Alexandra , Pylypko Sergii , Cubizolles Geraud , Mougin Julie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work aims at developing a renewable energy storage solution, based on reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) technology. Firstly, the initially high performing cells were tested as single cells with long‐term reversible SOFC/SOEC load cycles as part of the test sequence. Secondly, similar cells were integrated in a stack design optimized for reversible operation at high degrees of utilization. The long‐term single cell tests showed significant degradation in galvanostatic test periods during electrolysis but not in fuel cell mode prior to starting the reversible load cycling test part. The degradation diminished during the subsequent rSOC operation of the cells operating at 700 °C, +0.6 (SOFC) and −1.2 A cm−2 (SOEC) at fuel utilization up to 80 % in both modes. The long‐term stack tests were conducted applying different switches between SOFC and SOEC modes. Initially, long duration tests (100 h each mode) were performed at pH2O/pH2: 50/50 to investigate effect of the polarisation only. The alternating cycle SOEC/SOFC was repeated over 1800 h of testing. Then stack switched daily from SOEC mode (8 h in pH2O/pH2 : 90/10 at −0.84 A cm−2) to SOFC (16 h in H2 at 0.26 A cm−2) for 500 h. Stack tests included reversible mode operation for up to several thousands of hours.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from acidic soils favors production of tomatoes and lycopene concentration
Authors: Aguilera Paula , Becerra Ninozhka , Alvear Marysol , Ortiz Nancy , Turrini Alessandra , Azcón‐Aguilar Concepción , López‐Gómez Miguel , Romero Juan K , Massri Mariajosé , Seguel Alex , Mora María de La Luz , Borie Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomato is widely consumed throughout the world for its flavor and nutritional value. This functional food largely depends on the implementation of new strategies to maintain the nutraceutical value, e.g. lycopene concentration, and overcome the challenges of sustainable production and food security. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)‐based biostimulants represents one of the most promising tools for sustainable management of agricultural soils, being fundamental for organic food production, reducing fertilizers and pesticides use, and decreasing environmental damage. This study aimed at elucidating whether native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could positively affect tomato yield and lycopene concentration.RESULTSNative AMF inoculum consisted of two inoculum types: the single species Claroideoglomus claroideum, and a mix of Scutellospora calospora, Acaulospora laevis, Claroideoglomus claroideum, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum. At the end of the study up to 78% of the root system was colonized by single inoculum. Tomato diameters in single and mix mycorrhizal plants showed increases of 80% and 35% respectively. Fresh weights were 84% and 38% higher with single and mix inocula compared with the controls, respectively. The lycopene concentration in tomato fruits of plants with single and mix inoculum was higher than controls. The lycopene concentration was 124.5% and 113.9% greater in single and mix than non‐inoculated plants.CONCLUSIONTomato diameters, fresh weight and lycopene concentration was significantly higher in plants colonized by AMF compared with uninoculated plants. Results suggest that the role of single species Claroideoglomus claroideum could generate better plant performance due to its high production of extraradical mycelium. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of inheritance of aphid resistance in cowpea genotypes and identification of single sequence repeat markers linked to resistance genes
Authors: Ouedraogo Adelaїde P. , Danquah Agyemang , Tignegre Jean‐Baptiste , Poda Leandre S. , Batieno Joseph B. , Asante Isaac K. , Ouedraogo Jeremy T. , Ayertey Jonathan N. , Ofori Kwadwo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn understanding of the mode of inheritance is fundamental to plant breeding. The choice of an appropriate selection method considers the number of genes involved and their modes of action. In plant breeding, markers can overcome the false resistance that may arise from greenhouse screening. The goal of this study was to facilitate the better use of cowpea genotypes resistant to aphids. Specifically, we sought to determine the number of genes involved in the ability of cowpeas to survive aphid infestation and identify single sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to aphid resistance genes. Two pairs of parents (Tiligre × KVX295‐124‐2‐99 and Tiligre × IT97K556‐6) were used to generate two F2 populations. Each of these populations was screened with aphids to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to aphids in cowpeas. SSR markers were used to screen parent, F1, and F2 individuals to locate polymorphic markers and markers linked to the genes involved in resistance to aphids. The results showed that the ability to survive under aphid infestation in KVX295‐2‐124‐99 and IT97K556‐6 is controlled by two nonallelic genes. The markers MA61 and MA70 were found linked to aphid resistance in cowpea.
Whole‐exome sequencing identified first homozygous frameshift variant in the COLEC10 gene in an Iranian patient causing 3MC syndrome type 3
Authors: Mohammadi Pouria , Salehi Siavashani Elham , Mohammadi Mohammad Farid , Bahramy Afshin , Almadani Navid , Garshasbi Masoud 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground3MC syndrome type 3 is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the COLEC10 gene besides other genes like COLEC11 and MASP1. This disorder is characterized by facial dysmorphism, cleft lip and palate, postnatal growth deficiency, cognitive impairment, hearing loss, craniosynostosis, radioulnar synostosis, genital and vesicorenal anomalies, cardiac anomalies, caudal appendage, and umbilical hernia.MethodsIn the present study, whole‐exome sequencing was performed in order to identify disease causing variant in an Iranian 7‐year‐old affected girl with craniosynostosis, dolichocephaly, blepharoptosis, clinodactyly of the 5th finger, high myopia, long face, micrognathia, patent ductus arteriosus, downslanted palpebral fissures, telecanthus, and epicanthus inversus. Identified variant confirmation in the patient and segregation analysis in her family were performed using Sanger sequencing method.ResultsA novel homozygous frameshift deletion variant [NM_006438.5: c.128_129delCA; p.(Thr43AsnfsTer9)] was identified within the COLEC10 gene. Up to now, only three 3MC syndrome patients with mutations in the COLEC10 gene have been reported, and here, we report the fourth patient and the first homozygous frameshift variant.ConclusionOther genes and factors responsible for 3MC syndrome occurrence are remained to be discovered. We believe further investigation of the genes in the lectin complement pathway is needed to be done for the identification of other causes of this disease.
Multi‐Mechanistic Antidiabetic Potential of Astaxanthin: An Update on Preclinical and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Gowd Vemana , Xiao Jianbo , Wang Mingfu , Chen Feng , Cheng Ka‐Wing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a cluster of physiological dysfunctions typified by persistent hyperglycemia. Diet plays a paramount role in human health, and regular consumption of a fruit‐ and vegetable‐rich diet can delay or prevent DM and its associated complications. The promising effect of fruits and vegetables could be partly attributed to their antioxidant constituents, including carotenoids. Carotenoids are natural antioxidants that occur in many vegetables, fruits, microalgae, and other natural sources. Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid predominantly present in microalgae and some red‐colored marine organisms. It is currently marketed as a health supplement and is well‐known for its antioxidant capacity. Accumulating evidence indicates that astaxanthin exerts its beneficial effects against DM by acting on various molecular targets and signaling pathways in multiple organs/tissues. Astaxanthin can lower blood glucose levels by preserving β‐cell function, improving insulin resistance (IR), and increasing insulin secretion. This manuscript summarizes the connection between glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and DM. This is followed by a review of recent studies on astaxanthin's pharmacological effects against IR, microvascular (diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and neurological damage), and macrovascular DM complications emphasizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. A few lines of clinical evidence supporting its antidiabetic potential are also highlighted.
Dissection of the potential anti‐diabetes mechanism of salvianolic acid B by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Feng‐xiang , Cui Shuang‐shuang , Yuan Yu‐lin‐lan , Li Chang , Li Rui‐man 
Published: October 2021

RationaleSalvianolic acid B (Sal B), the Q‐marker in Salvia miltiorrhiza, was proved to present an obvious anti‐diabetes effect when treated as a food intake. Until now, the metabolism feature, tissue distribution and anti‐diabetes mechanism of Sal B have not been fully elucidated.MethodsThe metabolites of Sal B in rats were profiled using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The potential anti‐diabetes mechanism of Sal B was predicted by network pharmacology.ResultsA total of 31 metabolites were characterized in rats after ingestion of Sal B at a dosage of 40 mg/kg, including 1 in plasma, 19 in urine, 31 in feces, 0 in heart, 0 in liver, 0 in spleen, 1 in lung, 1 in kidney and 0 in brain. Among them, 18 metabolites were reported for the first time. Phase I reactions of hydrolysis, hydrogenation, dehydroxylation, hydroxylation, decarboxylation and isomerization, and phase II reactions of methylation were found in Sal B. Notably, decarboxylation and dehydroxylation were revealed in Sal B for the first time. The pharmacology network results showed that Sal B and its metabolites could regulate ALB, PLG, ACE, CASP3, MMP9, MMP2, MTOR, etc. The above targets were involved in insulin signaling pathway, PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, HIF‐1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, etc.ConclusionsThe metabolism feature of Sal B in vivo was systematically revealed, and its anti‐diabetes mechanism for further pharmacological validations was predicted based on metabolite profiling and network pharmacology for the first time.
Afterword: Quantifying, Mediating and Intervening: The R Number and the Politics of Health in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Miller Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay discusses the unassailable power and popularity that numbers have come to assume during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiological statistics have come to play a remarkable and public role, regulating our lives, while shaping and justifying political decisions. This essay traces the emergence of one particular number, the “R” number or reproduction number in multiple and dispersed sites, drawing attention to the bifurcation of demography and epidemiology in its emergence. It examines how and why the R number came to act as a crucial mediating instrument during the pandemic, linking the health and well-being of the population with the health of the economy and supporting arguments both in favour of and against restrictions of various kinds.