bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting seizure likelihood with wearable technology
Authors: Stirling Rachel E. , Grayden David B. , D’Souza Wendyl , Cook Mark J. , Nurse Ewan , Freestone Dean R. , Payne Daniel E. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Attia Tal Pal , Viana Pedro F. , Richardson Mark P. , Karoly Philippa J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe unpredictability of epileptic seizures exposes people with epilepsy to potential physical harm, restricts day-to-day activities, and impacts mental well-being. Accurate seizure forecasters would reduce the uncertainty associated with seizures but need to be feasible and accessible in the long-term. Wearable devices are perfect candidates to develop non-invasive, accessible forecasts but are yet to be investigated in long-term studies. We hypothesized that machine learning models could utilize heart rate as a biomarker for well-established cycles of seizures and epileptic activity, in addition to other wearable signals, to forecast high and low risk seizure periods.This feasibility study tracked participants’ (n = 11) heart rates, sleep, and step counts using wearable smartwatches and seizure occurrence using mobile seizure diaries for at least 6 months (mean = 14.6 months, SD = 3.8 months). Eligible participants had a diagnosis of refractory epilepsy and reported at least 20 seizures (mean = 135, SD = 123) during the recording period. An ensembled machine learning and neural network model estimated seizure risk either daily or hourly, with retraining occurring on a weekly basis as additional data was collected. Performance was evaluated retrospectively against a rate-matched random forecast using the area under the receiver operating curve. A pseudo-prospective evaluation was also conducted on a held-out dataset.Of the 11 participants, seizures were predicted above chance in all (100%) participants using an hourly forecast and in ten (91%) participants using a daily forecast. The average time spent in high risk (prediction time) before a seizure occurred was 37 minutes in the hourly forecast and 3 days in the daily forecast. Cyclic features added the most predictive value to the forecasts, particularly circadian and multiday heart rate cycles.Wearable devices can be used to produce patient-specific seizure forecasts, particularly when biomarkers of seizure and epileptic activity cycles are utilized.
Reduced Intrinsic Neural Timescales in Schizophrenia along Posterior Parietal and Occipital Areas
Authors: Uscătescu Lavinia Carmen , Said-Yürekli Sarah , Kronbichler Lisa , Stelzig-Schöler Renate , Pearce Brandy-Gale , Reich Luise Antonia , Weber Stefanie , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Kronbichler Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe computed intrinsic neural timescales (INT) based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data of healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) from three independently collected samples. Five clusters showed decreased INT in SZ compared to HC in all three samples: Right occipital fusiform gyrus (rOFG), Left superior occipital gyrus (lSOG), Right superior occipital gyrus (rSOG), Left lateral occipital cortex (lLOC), and Right postcentral gyrus (rPG). In other words, it appears that sensory information in visual and posterior parietal areas is stored for reduced lengths of time in SZ compared to HC. We also found some evidence that symptom severity modulates INT of these areas in SZ.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the Stepped-wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Electronic Early Notification of Sepsis in Hospitalized Ward Patients (SCREEN) : a study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arabi Yaseen M , Vishwakarma Ramesh Kumar , Al-Dorzi Hasan M , Qasim Eman Al , Abdukahil Sheryl Ann , Al-Rabeah Fawaz K , Ghamdi Huda Al , Ghamdi Ebtisam Al ,   the SCREEN Trial Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether screening for sepsis using an electronic alert in hospitalized ward patients improves outcomes. The objective of the SCREEN (Stepped-wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Electronic Early Notification of Sepsis in Hospitalized Ward Patients) trial is to evaluate whether an electronic screening for sepsis compared to no screening among hospitalized ward patients reduces all-cause 90-day in-hospital mortality.Methods and designThis study is designed as a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in which the unit of randomization or cluster is the hospital ward. An electronic alert for sepsis was developed in the electronic medical record (EMR), with the feature of being active (visible to treating team) or masked (inactive in EMR frontend for the treating team but active in the backend of the EMR). Forty-five clusters in 5 hospitals are randomized into 9 sequences of 5 clusters each to receive the intervention (active alert) over 10 periods, 2-months each, the first being the baseline period. Data are extracted from EMR and are compared between the intervention (active alert) and control group (masked alert). The primary outcome of all-cause hospital mortality by day 90 will be compared using a generalized linear mixed model with a binary distribution and a log-link function to estimate the relative risk as a measure of effect. We will include two levels of random effects to account for nested clustering within wards and periods and two levels of fixed effects; hospitals and COVID-19 ward status. Results will be expressed as relative risk with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ConclusionThe SCREEN trial provides an opportunity for a novel trial design and analysis of routinely collected and entered data to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention (alert) for a common medical problem (sepsis in ward patients). In this statistical analysis plan, we outline details of the planned analyses in advance of trial completion. Prior specification of the statistical methods and outcomes analysis will facilitate unbiased analyses of these important clinical data.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04078594. Registered on September 6, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04078594
Addressing anti-syncytin antibody levels, and fertility and breastfeeding concerns, following BNT162B2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Mattar Citra NZ , Koh Winston , Seow Yiqi , Hoon Shawn , Venkatesh Aparna , Dashraath Pradip , Lim Li Min , Ong Judith , Lee Rachel , Johana Nuryanti , Yeo Julie SL , Chong David , Tan Lay-Kok , Chan Jerry , Choolani Mahesh , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein following BNT162B2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 mRNA vaccination cross-react with human syncytin-1 protein, and if BNT162B2 mRNA enters breast milk.MethodsIn this observational cohort study of female front-line workers with no history of COVID-19 infection, we amplified BNT162B2 mRNA in plasma and breast milk and assayed anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies and anti-human syncytin-1 binding antibodies in plasma, at early (1-4 days) and late (4-7 weeks) time points following first-dose vaccination.ResultsFifteen consented participants (mean age 40.4 years, various ethnicities) who received at least one dose of BNT162B2, including five breast-feeding women and two women who were inadvertently vaccinated in early pregnancy, were recruited. BNT162B2 mRNA, detected by amplifying part of the spike-encoding region, was detected in plasma 1-4 days following the first dose (n=13), but not 4-5 weeks later (n=2), nor was the mRNA isolated from aqueous or lipid breast milk fractions collected 0-7 days post-vaccination (n=5). Vaccine recipients demonstrated strong SARS-CoV-2 neutralising activity by at least four weeks after the first dose (n=15), including the two pregnant women. None had placental anti-syncytin-1 binding antibodies at either time-point following vaccination.ConclusionsBNT162B2-vaccinated women did not transmit vaccine mRNA to breast milk, and did not produce a concurrent humoral response to syncytin-1, suggesting that cross-reactivity to syncytin-1 on the developing trophoblast, or other adverse effects in the breast-fed infant from vaccine mRNA ingestion, are unlikely.What are the novel findings of this work?COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162B2 did not elicit a cross-reacting humoral response to human syncytin-1 despite robust neutralising activity to the SARS-CoV2 spike protein, and while vaccine mRNA was isolated from plasma, it was not found in breast milk.What are the clinical implications of this work?Our work directly addresses the fertility and breastfeeding concerns fuelling vaccine hesitancy among reproductive-age women, by suggesting that BNT162B2 vaccination is unlikely to cause adverse effects on the developing trophoblast, via cross-reacting anti-syncytin-1 antibodies, or to the breastfed neonate, via mRNA breast milk transmission.
Comprehensive assessment of Indian variations in the druggable kinome landscape highlights distinct insights at the sequence, structure and pharmacogenomic stratum
Authors: Panda Gayatri , Mishra Neha , Sharma Disha , Kutum Rintu , Bhoyar Rahul C. , Jain Abhinav , Imran Mohamed , Senthilvel Vigneshwar , Divakar Mohit Kumar , Mishra Anushree , Garg Parth , Banerjee Priyanka , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod , Ray Arjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndia confines more than 17% of the world’s population and has a diverse genetic makeup with several clinically relevant rare mutations belonging to many sub-group which are undervalued in global sequencing datasets like the 1000 Genome data (1KG) containing limited samples for Indian ethnicity. Such databases are critical for the pharmaceutical and drug development industry where the diversity plays a crucial role in identifying genetic disposition towards adverse drug reactions. A qualitative and comparative sequence and structural study utilizing variant information present in the recently published, largest curated Indian genome database (IndiGen) and the 1000 Genome data was performed for variants belonging to the kinase coding genes,the second most targeted group of drug targets. The sequence level analysis identified similarities and differences among different populations based on the nsSNVs and amino acid exchange frequencies whereas comparative structural analysis of IndiGen variants was performed with pathogenic variants reported in UniProtKB Humsavar data. The influence of these variations on structural features of the protein, such as structural stability, solvent accessibility, hydrophobicity, and the hydrogen-bond network were investigated. In-silico screening of the known drugs to these Indian variation-containing proteins reveal critical differences imparted in the strength of binding due to the variations present in the Indian population. In conclusion, this study constitutes a comprehensive investigation into the understanding of common variations present in the second largest population in the world, and investigating its implications in the sequence, structural and pharmacogenomic landscape. The preliminary investigation reported in this paper, supporting the screening and detection of ADRs specific to the Indian population could aid in the development of techniques for pre-clinical and post-market screening of drug-related adverse events in the Indian population.
Patient-level detection of grade group ≥2 prostate cancer using quantitative diffusion MRI
Authors: Zhong Allison Y. , Digma Leonardino A. , Hussain Troy , Feng Christine H. , Conlin Christopher C. , Tye Karen , Lui Asona J. , Andreassen Maren M.S. , Rodríguez-Soto Ana E. , Karunamuni Roshan , Kuperman Joshua , Kane Christopher J. , Rakow-Penner Rebecca , Hahn Michael E. , Dale Anders M. , Seibert Tyler M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeMultiparametric MRI (mpMRI) improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but the qualitative PI-RADS system and quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) yield inconsistent results. An advanced Restrictrion Spectrum Imaging (RSI) model may yield a better quantitative marker for csPCa, the RSI restriction score (RSIrs). We evaluated RSIrs for patient-level detection of csPCa.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of men who underwent mpMRI with RSI and prostate biopsy for suspected prostate cancer from 2017-2019. Maximum RSIrs within the prostate was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for discriminating csPCa (grade group ≥2) from benign or grade group 1 biopsies. Performance of RSIrs was compared to minimum ADC and PI-RADS v2-2.1via bootstrap confidence intervals and bootstrap difference (two-tailed α=0.05). We also tested whether the combination of PI-RADS and RSIrs (PI-RADS+RSIrs) was superior to PI-RADS, alone.Results151 patients met criteria for inclusion. AUC values for ADC, RSIrs, and PI-RADS were 0.50 [95% confidence interval: 0.41, 0.60], 0.76 [0.68, 0.84], and 0.78 [0.71, 0.85], respectively. RSIrs (p=0.0002) and PI-RADS (p<0.0001) were superior to ADC for patient-level detection of csPCa. The performance of RSIrs was comparable to that of PI-RADS (p=0.6). AUC for PI-RADS+RSIrs was 0.84 [0.77, 0.90], superior to PI-RADS or RSIrs, alone (p=0.008, p=0.009).ConclusionsRSIrs was superior to conventional ADC and comparable to (routine, clinical) PI-RADS for patient-level detection of csPCa. The combination of PI-RADS and RSIrs was superior to either alone. RSIrs is a promising quantitative marker worthy of prospective study in the setting of csPCa detection.DisclosuresMEH reports honoraria from Multimodal Imaging Services Corporation and research funding from General Electric Healthcare. AMD is a Founder of and holds equity in CorTechs Labs, Inc, and serves on its Scientific Advisory Board. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Human Longevity, Inc. and receives funding through research agreements with General Electric Healthcare. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California San Diego in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. TMS reports honoraria from Multimodal Imaging Services Corporation, Varian Medical Systems, and WebMD; he has an equity interest in CorTechs Labs, Inc. and also serves on its Scientific Advisory Board. These companies might potentially benefit from the research results. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the University of California San Diego in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies.
Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of cognitive abilities
Authors: McCartney Daniel L. , Hillary Robert F. , Conole Eleanor L. S. , Banos Daniel Trejo , Gadd Danni A. , Walker Rosie M. , Nangle Cliff , Flaig Robin , Campbell Archie , Murray Alison D. D. , Maniega Susana Muñoz , Valdés-Hernández María del. C , Harris Mathew A. , Bastin Mark E. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Harris Sarah E. , Porteous David J. , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Evans Kathryn L. , Deary Ian J. , Cox Simon R. , Robinson Matthew R. , Marioni Riccardo E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of general cognitive function (g; n=9,162) we show that individual differences in DNA methylation (DNAm) explain 35.0% of the variance in g. A DNAm predictor explains ∼4% of the variance in g, independently of a polygenic score, in two external cohorts. It also associates with circulating levels of neurology- and inflammation-related proteins, global brain imaging metrics, and regional cortical volumes. As sample sizes increase, our ability to assess cognitive function from DNAm data may be informative in settings where cognitive testing is unreliable or unavailable.
PUBLIC HOSPITALS PREPAREDNESS IN THE PROVISION OF BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER SERVICES IN BUSIA AND TRANS-NZOIA COUNTIES IN KENYA
Authors: Itsura Peter , Mwaura Grace W. , Limo Obed K. , Lwande Gerald O. , Too Kenneth , Mugo Richard , Mwangi Ann W. , Kirui Nicholas , Tonui Philip , Gathecha Gladwell , Nyangasi Mary , Kamano Jemimah , Aruasa Wilson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to determine the preparedness of public health care facilities in the provision of breast and cervical cancer services by assessing healthcare provider’s knowledge on risk factors, screening, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases as well as availability of medical equipment required in their management in Western Kenya. This was achieved by using a cross-sectional service provision assessment (SPA) baseline survey technique in Busia and Trans-Nzoia counties of Western Kenya between October and December 2018. Data was collected using an interviewer-assisted questionnaires from healthcare workers, while a structured facility questionnaire was used to assess the level of preparedness of the selected public healthcare facilities. We enrolled 73 healthcare workers 37 (50.6%) of whom were nurses, followed by clinical officers and medical officers. The highest proportion of knowledge on risk factors and screening of breast and cervical cancer was reported among medical officers and consultant physicians while nurses scored highly on the symptoms of breast and cervical cancer. The medical equipment required for breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnosis were found in most healthcare facilities; however, none of them had core-biopsy needles. A single LEEP equipment was found in a health center within Trans Nzoia County while two LEEP equipment were stationed at the Busia county hospital. We report a below average level of knowledge on breast and cervical cancer among the healthcare workers at public healthcare facilities in both Busia and Trans Nzoia counties. There was a disparity in the distribution and quantity of priority medical equipment for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of breast and cervical cancer in the two county hospitals. There is need for capacity building among healthcare workers as well as standardization in the distribution and utilization of these medical equipment.
Ultrafast and Reproducible Proteomics from Small Amounts of Heart Tissue Enabled by Azo and timsTOF Pro
Authors: Aballo Timothy J. , Roberts David S. , Melby Jake A. , Buck Kevin M. , Brown Kyle A. , Ge Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobal bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is widely used for protein identification and quantification to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the composition, structure, and function of the proteome. However, traditional sample preparation methods are time-consuming, typically including overnight tryptic digestion, extensive sample clean-up to remove MS-incompatible surfactants, and offline sample fractionation to reduce proteome complexity prior to online liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Thus, there is a need for a fast, robust, and reproducible method for protein identification and quantification from complex proteomes. Herein, we developed an ultrafast bottom-up proteomics method enabled by Azo, a photocleavable, MS-compatible surfactant that effectively solubilizes proteins and promotes rapid tryptic digestion, combined with the Bruker timsTOF Pro, which enables deeper proteome coverage through trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) and parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (PASEF) of peptides. We applied this method to analyze the complex human cardiac proteome and identified nearly 4,000 protein groups from as little as 1 mg of human heart tissue in a single one-dimensional LC-TIMS-MS/MS run with high reproducibility. Overall, we anticipate this ultrafast, robust, and reproducible bottom-up method empowered by both Azo and the timsTOF Pro will be generally applicable and greatly accelerate the throughput of large-scale quantitative proteomic studies. Raw data are available via the MassIVE repository with identifier MSV000087476.
Tapping into non-English-language science for the conservation of global biodiversity
Authors: Amano Tatsuya , Espinola Violeta Berdejo , Christie Alec P. , Willott Kate , Akasaka Munemitsu , Báldi András , Berthinussen Anna , Bertolino Sandro , Bladon Andrew J. , Chen Min , Choi Chang-Yong , Dagher Kharrat Magda Bou , de Oliveira Luis G. , Farhat Perla , Golivets Marina , Aranzamendi Nataly Hidalgo , Jantke Kerstin , Kajzer-Bonk Joanna , Aytekin M. Çisel Kemahlı , Khorozyan Igor , Kito Kensuke , Konno Ko , Lin Da-Li , Littlewood Nick , Liu Yang , Liu Yifan , Loretto Matthias-Claudio , Marconi Valentina , Martin Philip , Morgan William H. , Narváez-Gómez Juan P. , Negret Pablo Jose , Nourani Elham , Ochoa Quintero Jose M. , Ockendon Nancy , Ying Oh Rachel Rui , Petrovan Silviu , Piovezan-Borges Ana C. , Pollet Ingrid L. , Ramos Danielle L. , Reboredo Segovia Ana L. , Rivera-Villanueva A. Nayelli , Rocha Ricardo , Rouyer Marie-Morgane , Sainsbury Katherine A. , Schuster Richard , Schwab Dominik , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. , Seo Hemin , Shackelford Gorm , Shinoda Yushin , Smith Rebecca K. , Tao Shan-dar , Tsai Ming-shan , Tyler Elizabeth , Vajna Flóra , Valdebenito José Osvaldo , Vozykova Svetlana , Waryszak Paweł , Zamora-Gutierrez Veronica , Zenni Rafael D. , Zhou Wenjun , Sutherland William J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe widely held assumption that any important scientific information would be available in English underlies the underuse of non-English-language science across disciplines. However, non-English-language science is expected to bring unique and valuable scientific information, especially in disciplines where the evidence is patchy, and for emergent issues where synthesising available evidence is an urgent challenge. Yet such contribution of non-English-language science to scientific communities and the application of science is rarely quantified. Here we show that non-English-language studies provide crucial evidence for informing global biodiversity conservation. By screening 419,680 peer-reviewed papers in 16 languages, we identified 1,234 non-English-language studies providing evidence on the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation interventions, compared to 4,412 English-language studies identified with the same criteria. Relevant non-English-language studies are being published at an increasing rate, and can expand the geographical (by 12-25%) and taxonomic (by 5-32%) coverage of English-language evidence, especially in biodiverse regions, albeit often based on less robust study designs. Our results show that synthesising non-English-language studies is key to overcoming the widespread lack of local, context-dependent evidence and facilitating evidence-based conservation globally. We urge wider disciplines to rigorously reassess the untapped potential of non-English-language science in informing decisions to address other global challenges.