bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students’ mental health and sleep quality in Jordan: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Alnaser Adnan Raed , Joudeh Rayan M. , Zitoun Osama A. , Battah Abdelkader , Al-Odat Israa , Jum’ah Mohammad , Battah Arwa A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic is expected to affect the mental health, especially among medical students. Data from the literature in Jordan are scarce, especially during the second wave of the pandemic. We aimed to assess medical students’ level of fear, prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms—represented in psychological distress (PD)—and sleep quality (SQ) amid the current pandemic of COVID-19. A total of 2104 students were included through convenient sampling from the six schools of Medicine in Jordan. Online-based questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scale, Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), and Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) was used to collect the data. Chi-square, t-tests, and ANOVA were used to establish the associations.

Results
88.4% and 47.4% of the students were found to have PD and poor or just fair sleep quality on SQS, respectively, with PD ranging from mild (18.6%) to severe (42.1%). Calculated FCV-19S score was 14.62 (SD=5.38), indicating high level of fear. Students with excellent SQ had significantly lower rates of depression, anxiety, and PD as compared to those with good, fair, and poor SQ (P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion
Jordanian medical students appear to be especially susceptible to COVID-19 pandemic impact on mental health and reported high rates of PD. While rates of COVID-19 fear are still considered high, they are remarkably lower than that reported in early studies. We strongly recommend providing resources and access to professional mental health care to students reporting poor SQ and/or symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Limitations
Using a cross-sectional design, online-based survey, convenient sampling, and scarcity of local literature are among the inevitable limitations caused by the pandemic that have prevented us from drawing cause-effect associations.
Long non-coding RNA panel as a molecular biomarker in glioma
Authors: Ebrahimi Abdol Ali , Ashoori Hasan , Vahidian Farnaz , Mosleh Iman Samiei , Kamian Shaghayegh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Glioma is one of the most malignant brain tumors, accounting for about half of the gliomas that occur in central nervous system (CNS), originates from the glial tissue of the brain. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression levels of 5 lncRNAs (MDC1-AS1, HOXA11-AS, MALAT1, CASC2, ADAMTS9-AS2) in patients with high-grade glioma in comparison with low grade glioma.

Methods
This was a retrospective study which determined molecular biomarker on pathologic glioma samples. We examined 100 patients’ pathologic block which consisted of 50 pathology samples of high-grade glioma (case group) and control group consisted of 50 pathology samples of low-grade glioma. This research was performed using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Results
The results showed that the expression of ADAMTS9-AS2 and HOXA11-AS genes significantly increased with increasing tumor grade. Also the expression of CASC2 gene significantly decreased with increasing tumor grade.

Conclusions
It was concluded that ADAMTS9-AS2 and HOXA11-AS and CASC2 are promising lncRNA markers in prognosis of glioma.
Long-term surgical outcomes after repair of multiple ventricular septal defects in pediatrics
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah A. , Alshehri Abdulaziz M. , Muthanna Aisha A. , Syed Aitizaz Uddin , Abdelrehim Ayman R. , Edrees Azzahra M. , Dohain Ahmed M. , Elmahrouk Ahmed F. , Jamjoom Ahmed A. , Al-Radi Osman O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical closure of multiple ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is challenging and associated with a high complication rate. Several factors may affect the outcomes after surgical repair of multiple VSDs. We aimed to report the outcomes after surgical repair of multiple VSDs before and after 1 year and identify the factors affecting the outcomes. We have studied forty-eight patients between 2016 and 2017 who had surgical repair of multiple VSDs. We grouped them according to the age at the time of repair. Study outcomes were hospital complications, prolonged hospital stay, and reoperation.

Results
There were 18 females (60%) in group 1 and 13 (72.22%) in group 2 (P = 0.39). There were no differences in the operative outcomes between the groups. Prolonged postoperative stay was associated with group 1 (OR 0.23 (0.055–0.96); P = 0.04) and lower body weight (OR 0.76 (0.59–0.97); P = 0.03). Hospital mortality occurred in 2 patients (6.67%) in group 1 and 1 patient (5.56%) in group 2 (P > 0.99). Five patients had reoperations: two for residual VSDs, two for subaortic membrane resection, and one for epicardial pacemaker implantation. All reoperations occurred in group 1 (log-rank P = 0.08). Two patients had transcatheter closure of the residual muscular VSDs; both were in group 2.

Conclusions
Surgical repair of multiple VSDs was associated with good hospital outcomes. The outcomes were comparable in patients younger or older than 1 year of age. Young age at repair could lead to prolonged postoperative stay and a higher reoperation rate.
Tracheal lesion during shoulder surgery: a case report and systemic review of the literature
Authors: Vetrugno Luigi , Divella Michele , Orso Daniele , Deana Cristian , Vaccher Giulia , Drovandi Pietro , Beltrame Alessandro , Causero Araldo , Bove Tiziana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPneumomediastinum (PNM) and pneumothorax (PNX) are documented complications of arthroscopic shoulder surgery (ATS). Plexus anesthetic block and tracheal lesions during endotracheal intubation are hypothesized to be the underlying risk factors; however, the actual evidence supporting this hypothesis is scarce.A case of bilateral laterocervical emphysema, subcutaneous edema, and signs of PNM after ATS performed under general anesthesia and supra-scapular nerve block is presented. An up-to-date systematic review of PNM/PNX during orthopedic surgery was performed, involving six databases: PubMed (1996–present), Embase (1974–present), Scopus (2004–present), SpringerLink (1950–present), Ovid Emcare (1995–present), and Google Scholar (2004–present).Twenty-five case studies met the eligibility criteria. In 24 cases, the patient underwent general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation; in 9 of these, a plexus anesthetic block was also performed. One case involved ATS under plexus anesthetic block only. In 10 cases, the diagnostic finding was PNM. In 5 cases, the diagnostic finding was associated with PNX. PNX was detected in 17 cases. In 2 cases, SE was found in the absence of any evidence of either PNM or PNX. A tracheal lesion was identified in 3 cases.Endotracheal intubation and loco-regional anesthesia are not the only predisposing risk factors at play in the pathogenesis of PNM/PNX. Rather, multi-factorial pathogenesis seems more probable, necessitating that specific attention is paid during ATS to the change in patient position on the operating bed, to any slipping of the endotracheal tube, to patient monitoring whilst under the drapes, and to the cuff pressure. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021260370.
Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections: A Safe, Practical, and Reasonable Option
Authors: Figueiredo Maria Gabriela , Gagliano-Jucá Thiago , Basaria Shehzad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Injections with intramuscular (IM) testosterone esters have been available for almost 8 decades and not only result in predictable serum testosterone levels but are also the most inexpensive modality. However, they are difficult to self-administer and associated with some discomfort. Recently, subcutaneous (SC) administration of testosterone esters has gained popularity, as self-administration is easier with this route. Available data, though limited, support the feasibility of this route. Here we review the pharmacokinetics and safety of SC testosterone therapy with both long- and ultralong-acting testosterone esters. In addition, we provide guidance for clinicians on how to counsel and manage their patients who opt for the SC route.

Evidence Acquisition
Systematic review of available literature on SC testosterone administration including clinical trials, case series, and case reports. We also review the pharmacology of testosterone absorption after SC administration.

Evidence Synthesis
Available evidence, though limited, suggests that SC testosterone therapy in doses similar to those given via IM route results in comparable pharmacokinetics and mean serum testosterone levels. With appropriate training, patients should be able to safely self-administer testosterone esters SC with relative ease and less discomfort compared with the IM route.

Conclusion
Although studies directly comparing the safety of SC vs IM administration of testosterone esters are desirable, clinicians should consider discussing the SC route with their patients because it is easier to self-administer and has the potential to improve patient adherence.
Calcium waves facilitate and coordinate the contraction of endfeet actin stress fibers in Drosophila interommatidial cells
Authors: Ready Donald F. , Chang Henry C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Actomyosin contraction shapes the Drosophila eye's panoramic view. The convex curvature of the retinal epithelium, organized in ∼800 close-packed ommatidia, depends upon a fourfold condensation of the retinal floor mediated by contraction of actin stress fibers in the endfeet of interommatidial cells (IOCs). How these tensile forces are coordinated is not known. Here, we discover a previously unobserved phenomenon: Ca2+ waves regularly propagate across the IOC network in pupal and adult eyes. Genetic evidence demonstrates that IOC waves are independent of phototransduction, but require the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), suggesting that these waves are mediated by Ca2+ releases from endoplasmic reticulum stores. Removal of IP3R disrupts stress fibers in IOC endfeet and increases the basal retinal surface by ∼40%, linking IOC waves to facilitation of stress fiber contraction and floor morphogenesis. Furthermore, IP3R loss disrupts the organization of a collagen IV network underneath the IOC endfeet, implicating the extracellular matrix and its interaction with stress fibers in eye morphogenesis. We propose that coordinated cytosolic Ca2+ increases in IOC waves promote stress fiber contractions, ensuring an organized application of the planar tensile forces that condense the retinal floor.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Apolipoprotein A1 deficiency in mice primes bone marrow stem cells for T cell lymphopoiesis
Authors: Ouweneel Amber B. , Reiche Myrthe E. , Snip Olga S. C. , Wever Robbert , van der Wel Ezra J. , Schaftenaar Frank H. , Kauerova Soňa , Lutgens Esther , Van Eck Miranda , Hoekstra Menno 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The bone marrow has emerged as a potentially important target in cardiovascular disease as it generates all leukocytes involved in atherogenesis. In the current study, we evaluated whether a change in bone marrow functionality underlies the increased atherosclerosis susceptibility associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency. We found that HDL deficiency in mice due to the genetic lack of hepatocyte-derived apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) was associated with an increase in the Lin−Sca-1+Kit+ (LSK) bone marrow stem cell population and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor numbers, which translated into a higher production and systemic flux of T cell subsets. In accordance with APOA1 deficiency-associated priming of stem cells to increase T lymphocyte production, atherogenic diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice transplanted with bone marrow from APOA1-knockout mice displayed marked lymphocytosis as compared to wild-type bone marrow recipients. However, atherosclerotic lesion sizes and collagen contents were similar in the two groups of bone marrow recipients. In conclusion, systemic lack of APOA1 primes bone marrow stem cells for T cell lymphopoiesis. Our data provide novel evidence for a regulatory role of HDL in bone marrow functioning in normolipidemic mice.
Mitochondrial capacity and reactive oxygen species production during hypoxia and reoxygenation in the ocean quahog, Arctica islandica
Authors: Steffen Jennifer B. M. , Haider Fouzia , Sokolov Eugene P. , Bock Christian , Sokolova Inna M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Oxygen fluctuations are common in marine waters, and hypoxia–reoxygenation (H–R) stress can negatively affect mitochondrial metabolism. The long-lived ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, is known for its hypoxia tolerance associated with metabolic rate depression, yet the mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial function during oxygen fluctuations are not well understood. We used top-down metabolic control analysis (MCA) to determine aerobic capacity and control over oxygen flux in the mitochondria of quahogs exposed to short-term hypoxia (24 h &lt;0.01% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h 21% O2) compared with normoxic control animals (21% O2). We demonstrated that flux capacity of the substrate oxidation and proton leak subsystems were not affected by hypoxia, while the capacity of the phosphorylation subsystem was enhanced during hypoxia associated with a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Reoxygenation decreased the oxygen flux capacity of all three mitochondrial subsystems. Control over oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) respiration was mostly exerted by substrate oxidation regardless of H–R stress, whereas control by the proton leak subsystem of LEAK respiration increased during hypoxia and returned to normoxic levels during reoxygenation. During hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) efflux was elevated in the LEAK state, whereas it was suppressed in the OXPHOS state. Mitochondrial ROS efflux returned to normoxic control levels during reoxygenation. Thus, mitochondria of A. islandica appear robust to hypoxia by maintaining stable substrate oxidation and upregulating phosphorylation capacity, but remain sensitive to reoxygenation. This mitochondrial phenotype might reflect adaptation of A. islandica to environments with unpredictable oxygen fluctuations and its behavioural preference for low oxygen levels.
Comparison of accidental pediatric scald burns in a tertiary care center: hot cauldron burns versus accidental spill burns
Authors: Nakarmi Kiran Kishor , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Shrestha Dhan , Budhathoki Pravash , Rai Shankar Man 
Published: October 2021

Background: Scald burns result from exposure to high-temperature fluids and are more common in the pediatric age group. They occur mainly by two mechanisms: (i) spill and (ii) immersion (hot cauldron) burns. These two patterns differ in clinical characteristics and outcomes. Scalds cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. The objective of this study was to compare accidental spill burns and hot cauldron burns in a hospital setting. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the secondary data of scald cases admitted during the years 2019 and 2020 in a burn-dedicated tertiary care center. Total population sampling was adopted. Data analysis was done partly using SPSS, version-23, and Stata-15. Mann Whitney U-test and Chi-square/Fisher's exact test were done appropriately to find associations between different variables. Regression analysis was performed taking mortality events as the outcome of interest. Results: Out of 108 scald cases, 43 (39.8%) had hot cauldron burns and 65 (60.2%) had accidental spill burns. Overall mortality was 16 (14.8%), out of which hot cauldron burns and accidental spill burns comprised 12 (75.0%) and 4 (25.0%), respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed the type of scald, age, and Baux score found to be associated with mortality. Every one-year increment in age had a 29% lower odds of occurrence of mortality event (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.99, p=0.042). Likewise, every one-point increment in Baux score was associated with 19% higher odds of mortality (adjusted OR, 1.190; 95% CI, 1.08-1.32; p<0.001). Conclusions: Accidental spill burns were more common but mortality was significantly higher for hot cauldron burns. The majority of burn injuries occurred inside the kitchen emphasizing appropriate parental precautions. The risk of mortality was significantly higher in burn events occurring outside the house, and burns involving back, buttocks, perineum, and lower extremities.
ТРЕВОЖНО-ДЕПРЕССИВНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМ СИНДРОМОМ
Authors: Moskalenko Olga L. , Smirnova Olga V. , Tereshchenko Sergey Yu. , Kasparov Eduard V. 
Published: October 2021

В последние годы отмечается рост больных с метаболическим синдромом, что является актуальной проблемой медицины. Выраженность клинических проявлений метаболического синдрома оказывает влияние на качество жизни пациентов, при этом снижаются показатели физического и психического здоровья. Ожирение приводит к тревожным расстройствам, неврозоподобным состояниям и депрессиям, что способствует ухудшению основного заболевания.
Имеющиеся клинические и экспериментальные данные убедительно показывают наличие множественных патофизиологических связей, объясняющих высокую вероятность формирования метаболического синдрома у лиц с тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами. Неудивительной в этом контексте выглядит недавно описанный высокий риск формирования диабета II типа у соматически здоровых до этого лиц с тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами (Hiles S.A., Revesz D., Lamers F., Giltay E., Penninx B.W., 2016). Неудовлетворенность лечением у указанного контингента больных усугубит депрессивные расстройства, которые в свою очередь будут утяжелять их состояние здоровья, замыкая порочный круг. Чтобы разорвать эту связь и добиться положительных результатов лечения, необходимо оптимизировать подходы к диагностике депрессивных состояний на уровне лечебных учреждений общемедицинской сети: выявлять клинические признаки депрессии при беседе с больным; проводить анкетирование по шкалам самооценки; при несоответствии клинических проявлений психоэмоциональных расстройств результатам анкетирования назначать консультацию психиатра и объяснять пациенту ее необходимость для выявления и своевременного лечения депрессивных состояний (Джериева И.С., Волкова Н.И., Рапопорт С.И., 2015).
Целью нашего исследования явилось изучение по данным литературы тревожно-депрессивных расстройств у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом.
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА
Authors: Bezdenezhnykh Liliya V. 
Published: October 2021

В статье рассматриваются факторы и педагогические условия формирования академической мобильности студентов педагогического вуза. Учитывая значимость социокультурной обусловленности формирования академической мобильности у студентов педагогических вузов и наличия противоречий между потребностью государства в конкурентоспособных специалистах, обладающих сформированной академической мобильностью и недостаточной разработанностью данной проблемы в педагогической теории и практике; между требованиями в организации процесса академической мобильности у студентов педагогических вузов и отсутствием модели ее реализации в педагогическом вузе, мы ставим целью определить внешние и внутренние факторы для конструирования целостного педагогического процесса, способствующего формированию академической мобильности.
В основе исследования – положения средового подхода о методологии, сущности и развитии социальной среды; системный подход, определяющий внешние связи и структуру исследуемого явления; социокультурный подход, нацеливающий студентов-бакалавров на адаптацию в мультикультурном и полиязычном мире; компетентностный подход, который направляет процесс формирования академической мобильности на формирование общекультурных и профессиональных компетенций студентов, а также теории личности и социокультурной обусловленности ее развития.
Выявлены педагогические условия, обеспечивающие, в отличие от обоснованных ранее, целостность процесса формирования академической мобильности, в том числе факторы, обогащающие образовательную среду вуза новыми возможностями формирования качеств личности, детерминирующих академическую мобильность студентов.
Результаты исследования направлены на формирование академической мобильности студентов педагогического вуза за счет обогащения образовательной среды вуза возможностями развития значимых личностных качеств у обучающихся: толерантного отношения к «иной» культуре, адекватного восприятия культурных ценностей общества, а также сохранение своей культуры; овладения общекультурными, культурно-специфическими знаниями об истории страны изучаемого языка; формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции. Данные компоненты ориентированы на вхождение личности студента в иноязычное образовательное и научное пространство в рамках диалога культур, востребованы социумом в современных полиязычных социокультурных условиях, и могут быть использованы в системе форм, методов и средств взаимодействия педагогов и обучающихся.
ОБ ОТНОШЕНИИ СТУДЕНТОВ К САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ
Authors: Milovanova Galina V. , Kulyashova Natalia M. , Shemyakina Elena Y. 
Published: October 2021

Введение. Статья посвящена исследованию отношения студентов к самостоятельной работе, поскольку результативная самостоятельная работа невозможна без положительного отношения к ней самих обучаемых. Серьезное отношение к этому виду деятельности в студенческие годы является не только условием успешной учебы, но и определяющим фактором профессионального становления в будущем.
Цель исследования определил вынужденный переход в марте 2020 года на дистанционное обучение. Авторы ставят целью сопоставить мнение студентов о самостоятельной работе до и во время удаленного режима учебы.
Методы. Основу исследования составили следующие методы: анализ, анкетирование, сравнение, обобщение. Данные, полученные в результате анкетирования, обрабатывались методами математической статистики в MS Excel.
Результаты. Анкетирование показало, что студенты, независимо от курса обучения понимают важность и необходимость самостоятельной работы для успешного обучения в вузе, но при этом значительная часть студентов чувствует себя не готовыми к самостоятельному выполнению заданий и нуждаются в обучении рациональным приемам самостоятельной работы. Студенты первого года обучения полагают, что внеаудиторная самостоятельная работа, как и аудиторная, должна проходить под жестким управлением со стороны преподавателей.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при организации самостоятельной работ студентов в вузе.
Заключение. Проанализировав результаты исследования, авторы считают, что простое увеличение времени, отводимое на самостоятельную работу, не может гарантировать ее эффективность. Успешность самостоятельной работы определяется множеством факторов, среди которых не последнее место занимают желание и умение работать самостоятельно. Анализ результатов анкетирования позволяет сделать вывод о том, что первокурсники часто не готовы к самостоятельной работе, потому что у них мало опыта, недостаточно сформированы умения к этому виду деятельности и нет потребности к регулярной самостоятельной работе. Для исправления сложившейся ситуации необходимо на первом курсе организовывать внеаудиторную самостоятельную работу студентов с учетом их фактического уровня подготовки и индивидуального стиля учебной деятельности.