bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agrivoltaic system impacts on microclimate and yield of different crops within an organic crop rotation in a temperate climate
Authors: Weselek Axel , Bauerle Andrea , Hartung Jens , Zikeli Sabine , Lewandowski Iris , Högy Petra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgrivoltaic (AV) systems integrate the production of agricultural crops and electric power on the same land area through the installation of solar panels several meters above the soil surface. It has been demonstrated that AV can increase land productivity and contribute to the expansion of renewable energy production. Its utilization is expected to affect crop production by altering microclimatic conditions but has so far hardly been investigated. The present study aimed to determine for the first time how changes in microclimatic conditions through AV affect selected agricultural crops within an organic crop rotation. For this purpose, an AV research plant was installed near Lake Constance in south-west Germany in 2016. A field experiment was established with four crops (celeriac, winter wheat, potato and grass-clover) cultivated both underneath the AV system and on an adjacent reference site without solar panels. Microclimatic parameters, crop development and harvestable yields were monitored in 2017 and 2018. Overall, an alteration in microclimatic conditions and crop production under AV was confirmed. Photosynthetic active radiation was on average reduced by about 30% under AV. During summertime, soil temperature was decreased under AV in both years. Furthermore, reduced soil moisture and air temperatures as well as an altered rain distribution have been found under AV. In both years, plant height of all crops was increased under AV. In 2017 and 2018, yield ranges of the crops cultivated under AV compared to the reference site were −19 to +3% for winter wheat, −20 to +11% for potato and −8 to −5% for grass-clover. In the hot, dry summer 2018, crop yields of winter wheat and potato were increased by AV by 2.7% and 11%, respectively. These findings show that yield reductions under AV are likely, but under hot and dry weather conditions, growing conditions can become favorable.
Quasi-categories vs. Segal spaces: Cartesian edition
Authors: Rasekh Nima 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe prove that four different ways of defining Cartesian fibrations and the Cartesian model structure are all Quillen equivalent:On marked simplicial sets (due to Lurie [31]),On bisimplicial spaces (due to deBrito [12]),On bisimplicial sets,On marked simplicial spaces.The main way to prove these equivalences is by using the Quillen equivalences between quasi-categories and complete Segal spaces as defined by Joyal–Tierney and the straightening construction due to Lurie.
The Impact of Context on EEG Motor Imagery Neurofeedback and Related Motor Domains
Authors: Daeglau Mareike , Zich Catharina , Kranczioch Cornelia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is a versatile non-invasive neuromodulation technique. In combination with motor imagery (MI), NF has considerable potential for enhancing motor performance or supplementing motor rehabilitation. However, not all users achieve reliable NF control. While research has focused on various brain signal properties and the optimisation of signal processing to solve this issue, the impact of context, i.e. the conditions in which NF motor tasks occur, is comparatively unknown. We review current research on the impact of context on MI NF and related motor domains. We identify long-term factors that act at the level of the individual or of the intervention, and short-term factors, with levels before/after and during a session. The reviewed literature indicates that context plays a significant role. We propose considering context factors as well as within-level and across-level interactions when studying MI NF.
Consultation Phases in Mathematics Learning and Support Centres
Authors: Schürmann Mirko , Panse Anja , Shaikh Zain , Biehler Rolf , Schaper Niclas , Liebendörfer Michael , Hilgert Joachim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMathematics Learning Support Centres are becoming more and more common in higher education both internationally and in Germany. Whereas it is clear that their quality largely depends on a functioning interaction in consultations, little is known about how such consultations proceed in detail. On the basis of models from the literature and recorded support sessions (N = 36), we constructed a process model that divides consultations into four ideal–typical phases. In the individual consultations, forward or backward leaps occur, but overall the model seems to describe the data well. A high intercoder reliability shows that it can be applied consistently on real data by different researchers. An analysis of the consultations between students and tutors shows that both mainly work on past attempts or thoughts of the students to solve the exercise or problems and on concrete strategies to solve a problem within the session. In contrast, very little time is dedicated to summarizing and reflecting the solution. The data allows for a more in-depth discussion of what constitutes quality in advising processes and how it might be further explored. Practically, the model may structure support sessions and help in focussing on different goals in different phases.
Recovery of Iron and Aluminum from Bauxite Residue by Carbothermic Reduction and Slag Leaching
Authors: Ekstroem K. E. , Bugten A. Voll , van der Eijk C. , Lazou A. , Balomenos E. , Tranell G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The recovery of major components of bauxite residue by carbothermic reduction at 1550–1750 °C and subsequent slag leaching in a Na3CO3(aq) solution is studied. Iron recovers primarily to pig-iron and lime is added to tune the calcium aluminate slags towards the highly leachable mayenite phase. The concentration of aluminum in the leachate correlates well with the occurrence of mayenite and aluminum recoveries up to 50–60% are observed. However, slags with low CaO additions are vulnerable to gehlenite formation and display reduced leachabilities. Formation of an inhibiting layer of CaCO3(s) on the reaction surface of calcium-aluminate particles during leaching and immobilization of aluminum in CaTiO3(s) are also suggested to play important roles in limiting the aluminum leachability. Costs related to post-processing may be reduced by achieving disintegrating slags, a behavior which is observed for slags holding high γ- to β-Ca2SiO4 ratios. The disintegration is caused by the large volume expansion associated with the β-to-γ transformation and as such, various factors that are known to stabilize the β-polymorph are discussed.

Graphical Abstract
Lab-in-the-field experiments: perspectives from research on gender
Authors: Gangadharan Lata , Jain Tarun , Maitra Pushkar , Vecci Joe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper highlights the contributions made by lab-in-the-field experiments, which are also known as artefactual, framed and extra-lab experiments. We present a curated sample of lab-in-the-field experiments and discuss how they can be conducted on their own or combined with conventional laboratory experiments, natural experiments, randomised control trials and surveys to provide unique insights into the behaviour of a diverse population. Using our recent research on gender and leadership, we demonstrate how lab-in-the-field experiments have offered new perspectives about gender differences in decision-making. Finally, we outline the ethical and implementational challenges researchers may face while conducting these experiments and share some of the strategies we employed to address them.
Sustainability of renewable energy investment motivations during a feed-in-tariff scheme transition: evidence from a laboratory experiment
Authors: Maekawa Jun , Shimada Koji , Takeuchi Ai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the effects of a feed-in-tariff (FIT) scheme’s transition on renewable energy investments. We model an individual’s investment decisions as a public goods game where the FIT scheme’s purchasing price acts as a subsidy that lowers the individual’s investment cost. Using a laboratory experiment, we study the effects of a decreasing purchasing price by comparing it to a counterfactual situation where the FIT scheme is not introduced. Although a high purchasing price induces higher investments, this external incentive seems to crowd out an individual’s intrinsic motivation: when the purchasing price decreases to zero, an individual’s investments are lower than they are in the counterfactual situation. Considering the possibility that motivation crowding out has occurred during the FIT phase-out process, it is important to introduce a new policy instrument without a break to stimulate renewable energy investments.
How Sensitive Is the Neophallus? Postphalloplasty Experienced and Objective Sensitivity in Transmasculine Persons
Authors: Elfering Lian , van de Grift Tim C. , Al-Tamimi Muhammed , Timmermans Floyd W. , de Haseth Kristin B. , Pigot Garry L.S. , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , Bouman Mark-Bram , Mullender Margriet G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Tactile and erogenous sensitivity of the neophallus after phalloplasty is assumed to affect the sexual well-being of transmasculine persons and, ultimately, their quality of life. The experienced and objective sensation of the neophallus and their association are largely unknown.

Aim
This study evaluated experienced tactile and erotic sensation of the neophallus in transmasculine persons and investigated how this was related to objective tactile sensitivity.

Methods
Between August 2017 and January 2020, 59 transmasculine persons who underwent phalloplasty were recruited to participate in a prospective follow-up study. Tactile sensitivity of the neophallus and donor-site was measured (Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament test) and compared, and participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire about experienced sensation of the neophallus and sexual wellbeing.

Main outcome measures
Experienced and objective sensation of the neophallus were measured by using a questionnaire and Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament scores.

Results
Neophallic tactile sensitivity was significantly reduced compared to the donor-site (n = 44), with the proximal part being more sensitive than the distal part (median follow-up of 1.8 years, range 1.0–7.2)). Sensitivity of the neophallus was not significantly associated with the surgical flap used, yet increased significantly with follow-up time. The questionnaire was completed by 26 participants of which 24 (92.3%) experienced (some degree of) tactile sensitivity in their neophallus. Erogenous sensation was experienced by 23 (88.5%). Experienced and objectified tactile sensitivity were not significantly correlated (Spearmans's rho = 0.23, P = .26). Answers to open-ended questions showed that results often do not match expectations.

Conclusion
Tactile sensation of the neophallus was reduced in most transmasculine persons and improved slowly over time. A significant association between subjective and objective measures could not be detected. Although experienced sensitivity varied between individuals, the vast majority reported to have tactile and erotic sensitivity in the neophallus.Transmasculine persons should be informed that sensitivity of the neophallus will likely be reduced.
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Intracranial Hemorrhage after Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Parra-Farinas Carmen , Balas Michael , Zador Zsolt , Almusalam Noora , Dmytriw Adam A. , Rajendram Phavalan , Phillips Rebecca , Alqabbani Abdullah , Qazi Emmad , Li Yangmei , Montanera Walter , Sarma Dipanka , Marotta Thomas R. , Bharatha Aditya , Spears Julian 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT:Background:Intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular thrombectomy is associated with poorer prognosis compared with those who do not develop the complication. Our study aims to determine predictors of post-EVT hemorrhage – more specifically, inflammatory biomarkers present in baseline serology.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients treated with EVT for acute large vessel ischemic stroke. The primary outcome of the study is the presence of ICH on the post-EVT scan. We used four definitions: the SITS-MOST criteria, the NINDS criteria, asymptomatic hemorrhage, and overall hemorrhage. We identified nonredundant predictors of outcome using backward elimination based on Akaike Information Criteria. We then assessed prediction accuracy using area under the receiver operating curve. Then we implemented variable importance ranking from logistic regression models using the drop in Naegelkerke R2 with the exclusion of each predictor.Results:Our study demonstrates a 6.3% SITS (16/252) and 10.0% NINDS (25/252) sICH rate, as well as a 19.4% asymptomatic (49/252) and 29.4% (74/252) overall hemorrhage rate. Serologic markers that demonstrated association with post-EVT hemorrhage were: low lymphocyte count (SITS), high neutrophil count (NINDS, overall hemorrhage), low platelet to lymphocyte ratio (NINDS), and low total WBC (NINDS, asymptomatic hemorrhage).Conclusion:Higher neutrophil counts, low WBC counts, low lymphocyte counts, and low platelet to lymphoycyte ratio were baseline serology biomarkers that were associated with post-EVT hemorrhage. Our findings, particularly the association of diabetes mellitus and high neutrophil, support experimental data on the role of thromboinflammation in hemorrhagic transformation of large vessel occlusions.
Five-Year Psychosocial Impact of Living in Postdisaster Prefabricated Temporary Housing
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Suzuki Tomomi , Nemoto Harumi , Utsumi Yusuke , Seto Moe , Usukura Hitomi , Kunii Yasuto , Sugawara Yumi , Nakaya Naoki , Nakamura Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Naho , Narita Akira , Kogure Mana , Hozawa Atsushi , Tsuji Ichiro , Ishii Tadashi , Tomita Hiroaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aims to evaluate the long-term impact of living in postdisaster prefabricated temporary housing on social interaction activities and mental health status.Methods:A total of 917 adult residents in a coastal town, whose residences were destroyed by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), were enrolled for the assessment held 5 y after the disaster. They answered questions about their experience and consequence of living in prefabricated temporary housing after the disaster. Their present scores on 5 types of self-reported measures regarding the psychosocial or psychiatric status and their present and recalled social interaction activities were cross-sectionally collected.Results:A total of 587 (64.0%) participants had a history of living in prefabricated temporary housing, while the other 330 (36.0%) had not. The prevalence of social interaction activities significantly decreased after the GEJE. However, the experience of living in prefabricated temporary housing did not adversely affect the subsequent social interaction activities or mental conditions of the participants 5 y after the disaster.Conclusions:Living in postdisaster prefabricated temporary housing may not negatively impact subsequent psychosocial conditions or social interaction activities 5 y later.
Unexpected details regarding nosocomial transmission revealed by whole-genome sequencing of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Myhrman Sofia , Olausson Josefin , Ringlander Johan , Gustavsson Linéa , Jakobsson Hedvig E. , Sansone Martina , Westin Johan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are key for protecting patients from nosocomial infections and require knowledge of transmission mechanisms in different settings. We performed a detailed outbreak analysis of the transmission and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a geriatric ward by combining whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with epidemiological data.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Tertiary-care hospital.Participants:Patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) from the ward with a nasopharyngeal sample (NPS) positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA during the outbreak period.Methods:Patient data regarding clinical characteristics, exposure and outcome were collected retrospectively from medical records. Stored NPSs from 32 patients and 15 HCWs were selected for WGS and phylogenetic analysis.Results:The median patient age was 84 years and 17 (53%) of 32 were male. Also, 14 patients (44%) died within 30 days of sampling. Viral loads were significantly higher among the deceased. WGS was successful in 28 (88%) of 32 patient samples and 14 (93%) of 15 HCW samples. Moreover, 3 separate viral clades were identified: 1 clade and 2 subclades among both patient and HCW samples. Integrated epidemiological and genetic analyses revealed 6 probable transmission events between patients and supported hospital-acquired COVID-19 among 25 of 32 patients.Conclusions:WGS provided an insight into the outbreak dynamics and true extent of nosocomial COVID-19. The extensive transmission between patients and HCWs indicated that current IPC measures were insufficient. We recommend increased use of WGS in outbreak investigations to identify otherwise unknown transmission links and to evaluate IPC measures.
Respiratory protection for health professions students must be addressed in light of lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Beam Elizabeth L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the challenges the COVID-19 pandemic put before health professions programs in the United States was how to keep students clinically in patient care. With years of impact from coronavirus and growing numbers of variants, a long-term solution to respiratory protection for health professions students is needed.
Estimates of fluid intake, urine output and hydration-levels in women from Somaliland: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Heen Espen , Yassin Amal A. , Madar Ahmed A. , Romøren Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study objective was to measure fluid intake and associations with background characteristics and hydration biomarkers in healthy, free-living, non-pregnant women aged 15–69 years from Hargeisa city. We also wanted to estimate the proportion of euhydrated participants and corresponding biomarker cut-off values. Data from 136 women, collected through diaries and questionnaires, 24h urine samples and anthropometric measurements, were obtained with a cross-sectional, purposeful sampling from fifty-two school and health clusters, representing approximately 2250 women. The mean (95 % CI) 24 h total fluid intake (TFI) for all women was 2⋅04 (1⋅88, 2⋅20) litres. In multivariate regression with weight, age, parity and a chronic health problem, only weight remained a predictor (P 0.034, B 0.0156 (l/kg)). Pure water, Somali tea and juice from powder and syrup represented 49⋅3, 24⋅6 and 11⋅7 % of TFI throughout the year, respectively. Mean (95 % CI) 24 h urine volume (Uvol) was 1⋅28 (1⋅17, 1⋅39) litres. TFI correlated strongly with 24 h urine units (r 0.67) and Uvol (r 0.59). Approximately 40 % of the women showed inadequate hydration, using a threshold of urine specific gravity (Usg) of 1⋅013 and urine colour (Ucol) of 4. Five percent had Usg > 1⋅020 and concomitant Ucol > 6, indicating dehydration. TFI lower cut-offs for euhydrated, non-breast-feeding women were 1⋅77 litres and for breast-feeding, 2⋅13 litres. Euhydration cut-off for Uvol was 0⋅95 litre, equalling 9⋅2 urine units. With the knowledge of adverse health effects of habitual hypohydration, Somaliland women should be encouraged to a higher fluid intake.
Mechanisms of meaning making in the co-occurrence of pragmatic markers with silent pauses
Authors: Schleef Erik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explores the social meanings of unfilled pauses, you know, like, and combinations thereof by comparing the evaluation of speech with these features to speech without them. The comparison is based on a set of perception surveys in which participants listened to manipulated audio stimuli and rated them on a series of scales. Unfilled pauses are evaluated differently from all other features: they are rated high on Status and low on Dynamism. Where significant differences emerge, the pragmatic markers you know, like, and combinations of pauses with these are always rated lower than the guises without. They are most sensitive to personal characteristics in the Dynamism dimension, followed by Conversational Skills, Likeability, and Status. The mechanism that adapts the potential social meanings of linguistic features when they are combined hinges on the social salience of the features in question. Various outcomes are possible ranging from additive to non-additive effects. (Like, you know, attitudes, social meanings, prestige, solidarity, dynamism)
Allostasis and metastasis: The yin and yang of childhood self-regulation
Authors: Wass Samuel V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost research has studied self-regulation by presenting experimenter-controlled test stimuli and measuring change between baseline and stimulus. In the real world, however, stressors do not flash on and off in a predetermined sequence, and there is no experimenter controlling things. Rather, the real world is continuous and stressful events can occur through self-sustaining interactive chain reactions. Self-regulation is an active process through which we adaptively select which aspects of the social environment we attend to from one moment to the next. Here, we describe this dynamic interactive process by contrasting two mechanisms that underpin it: the “yin” and “yang” of self-regulation. The first mechanism is allostasis, the dynamical principle underlying self-regulation, through which we compensate for change to maintain homeostasis. This involves upregulating in some situations and downregulating in others. The second mechanism is metastasis, the dynamical principle underling dysregulation. Through metastasis, small initial perturbations can become progressively amplified over time. We contrast these processes at the individual level (i.e., examining moment-to-moment change in one child, considered independently) and also at the inter-personal level (i.e., examining change across a dyad, such as a parent–child dyad). Finally, we discuss practical implications of this approach in improving the self-regulation of emotion and cognition, in typical development and psychopathology.
State-led Development: The Privileged Linkage between East Germany and Ba'athist Syria, 1965–1972
Authors: Trentin Massimiliano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUpon request from the newly established Ba'athist leadership in Syria, the German Democratic Republic sent dozens of special advisors to Damascus between 1965 and 1972 to help set up the state institutions that would move Syria from being a predominantly agricultural country to an agro-industrial one: reforming the decision-making process of national government in Damascus, setting up central planning over production and distribution and enforcing land reform were some of the key issues dealt with by East German and Syrian officials. The encounter proved highly important because the two regimes came close enough to assess their mutual assets and limits upon which they would establish a long-lasting partnership, whose institutional legacy featured in Syrian formal politics as late as the 2000s. State institutions, mass organisations and public enterprises thus became the main avenues for these two ‘Easts’ to interact during the Cold War.