bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paisajes Encontrados: docencia remota y pedagogías experimentales confinadas
Authors: Prado Diaz Alberto 
Published: December 2021

En el context sanitari de confinament i docència remota, la proposta de pedagogies experimentals en ambients confinats, aplicat a un exercici de el primer curs de Projectes d'Arquitectura, indaga en l'impacte d'entorns d'aprenentatges activats des de processos i mètodes de l'Art Conceptual, Objecte Trobat de Duchamp, Matta Clark, Graham, entre d'altres, interpel·lant que, incorporant l'experiència viscuda de llocs, paisatges i territoris que circumden a cada estudiant, valent-se de l'confinament, serà possible construir una experiència d'aprenentatge significatiu des de l'aprenentatge autònom i el desenvolupament de el pensament creatiu. Repassem en les seves claus pedagògiques, en una tradició en l'arquitectura que incorpora el constructivisme i les teories que estudien el coneixement adquirit des de l'experiència. Bases, entre d'altres, considerades com un suport per a comprendre les aportacions Kolb i el Cicle de l'Aprenentatge, i les que es constitueixen en el fonament de la proposta que aquí s'exposa.
In the sanitary context of confinement and remote teaching, the proposal of experimental pedagogies in confined environments, applied to an exercise of the first course of Architecture Projects, investigates the impact of learning environments activated from processes and methods of Conceptual Art, Found Object by Duchamp, Matta Clark, Graham, among others, asking that, by incorporating the lived experience of places, landscapes and territories that surround each student, using confinement, it will be possible to build a meaningful learning experience from autonomous learning and development of creative thinking. We review its pedagogical keys, in a tradition in architecture that incorporates constructivism and theories that study the knowledge acquired from experience. Bases, among others, considered as a support to understand the Kolb contributions and the Learning Cycle, which constitute the foundation of the proposal presented here.
En el contexto sanitario de confinamiento y docencia remota, la propuesta de pedagogías experimentales en ambientes confinados, aplicado a un ejercicio del primer curso de Proyectos de Arquitectura, indaga en el impacto de entornos de aprendizajes activados desde procesos y métodos del Arte Conceptual, Objeto Encontrado de Duchamp, Matta Clark, Graham, entre otros, interpelando a que, incorporando la experiencia vivida de lugares, paisajes y territorios que circundan a cada estudiante, valiéndose del confinamiento, será posible construir una experiencia de aprendizaje significativo desde el aprendizaje autónomo y el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo. Repasamos en sus claves pedagógicas, en una tradición en la arquitectura que incorpora el constructivismo y las teorías que estudian el conocimiento adquirido desde la experiencia. Bases, entre otras, consideradas como un soporte para comprender los aportes Kolb y el Ciclo del Aprendizaje, y las que se constituyen en el fundamento de la propuesta que aquí se expone.
Craft-based methods for robotic fabrication: a shift in Architectural Education
Authors: Mayor Luque Ricardo , Dubor Alexandre , Marengo Mathilde 
Published: December 2021

This article discusses robotic fabrication as a tool, beyond an innovative mode of production, to reinterpret the traditional methodology of craftsmanship, such as painting or stereotomy, offering new design potentials applied in architecture. A theoretical framework is developed, comprising an approach to the role of craft; the contemporary paradigm between making and digital tools; and the context of robotic fabrication in Architecture schools. This paper analyzes the methodology and content of a series of educational and research projects (2019-2021) in which robotic fabrication has been implemented through craftsmanship methodology. Finally, these are presented as case studies, illustrating the proposed framework, and help determine its applicability, impact and limitations in a border sense, to establish a more profound dialogue between digital and material design, and demonstrate a new exploratory way of tackling Design in Architecture education.
El artículo analiza cómo la fabricación robótica, más allá de ser un innovador modo de producción, puede reinterpretar el método artesanal, como la pintura o la estereotomía, ofreciendo así una nueva herramienta de diseño en la experiencia docente. Inicialmente, se presenta un marco teórico compuesto por: el rol de la artesanía; el paradigma entre fabricación y herramientas digitales; y el uso de la fabricación robótica, en la escuela de Arquitectura. Concretamente, se analiza la metodología y contenido de una serie de proyectos educativos y de investigación (2019-2021) en los que se ha implementado el método artesanal en la fabricación robótica. Estos ejemplos ilustran el marco propuesto y ayudan a determinar su aplicabilidad, impacto y limitaciones para establecer un diálogo más profundo entre el diseño digital y material, y así demostrar una nueva forma exploratoria de abordar el diseño en la escuela de Arquitectura.
Arquitectura e ingeniería: una visión paralela de la obra arquitectónica
Authors: García-Asenjo Llana David 
Published: December 2021

The contribution of engineering was fundamental in the evolution of the modern form. Many of the advances introduced by the masters of the modern movement were accompanied by technical improvements that made it possible to build the new conceptions of space. The narrative of history often ignores this relationship and focuses on the figure of the architect. The work is shown as an inevitable consequence of its circumstances without references to technological advances. The dynamics of comparative architecture are used to present two parallel views of the same architectural object, in the same way that two buildings are placed in parallel to appreciate different ways of approaching them. The vision of architecture and engineering can show the different variables considered when approaching a building. The aim is to broaden the field of vision of design processes and to show that the comparative view is effective as a design tool.
La aportación de la ingeniería fue fundamental en la evolución de la forma moderna. Gran parte de los avances que introdujeron los maestros del movimiento moderno venían acompañados de una mejora técnica que permitía realizar las nuevas concepciones del espacio. El relato de la historia suele obviar esta relación y prima la figura del arquitecto. Se muestra la obra como una consecuencia inevitable de sus circunstancias sin hacer referencia a los avances tecnológicos. Se plantean dinámicas de arquitectura comparada para plantear dos miradas paralelas al mismo objeto arquitectónico, al igual que se ponen en paralelo dos edificios para apreciar distintas vías de aproximación. La visión de la arquitectura y de la ingeniería pueden mostrar las diversas variables consideradas a la hora de abordar un edificio. Se busca ampliar el campo de visión sobre los procesos proyectuales y mostrar que la mirada comparativa es eficaz como herramienta de proyecto.
Imaginarios Estudiantiles de Barrio Universitario
Authors: Araneda Gutierrez Claudio Rodrigo , Burdiles Allende Roberto Eduardo , Morales Rebolledo Dehany 
Published: December 2021

This work is the result of an undergraduate thesis carried out at the School of Architecture of the University of Bío-Bío. It constitutes a first approach towards the visual imagery that resides in the university's students with respect to the university campus and their immediate surroundings. It is part of a set of efforts made by the Taller de Barrios pedagogical initiative over the last 5 years aimed at installing the idea of ​​"University Neighborhood" in the imagination of the university community as well as in the neighborhood surrounding the campus. This, in direct response to the indifference with which the campus has developed throughout its history. The methodology is hybrid. We use mental maps and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that attachment to the neighborhood is low and confirm that the “back area” of the campus, geographically and landscape wise the most relevant, does not figure in the student´s imagery.
Este trabajo es fruto de una tesis de pregrado llevada a cabo en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad del Bío-Bío. Constituye una primera aproximación hacia el imaginario visual que reside en los estudiantes de la universidad respecto al campus y a su entorno inmediato. Forma parte de un conjunto de esfuerzos desplegados desde la iniciativa pedagógica Taller de Barrios durante los últimos 5 años orientados a instalar en el imaginario de la comunidad universitaria y de la vecindad circundante al campus la idea de “Barrio Universitario”. Esto, en respuesta directa a la indiferencia con que el campus se ha desarrollado a lo largo de su historia. La metodología es híbrida. Emplea mapas mentales y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los hallazgos revelan que el apego con el barrio es bajo y confirman que la “zona trasera” del campus, geográfica y paisajísticamente la más relevante, no figura en el imaginario estudiantil.
El aprendizaje del hábitat colectivo a través del seguimiento del camino del refugiado
Authors: Castellano Pulido Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2021

The experience described here addresses the learning of the architectural design of collective housing using combined teaching strategies to overcome certain limitations of second year architecture students. It starts from the monitoring of the problems derived from the massive departure of refugees from Syria as an “in itinere” argument that allows addressing different concepts related to the collective habitat, from the temporary camp through emergency architectures to the reflection on experimental social-housing in refugee reception settings. The end of the road takes place back to Syria, a country devastated by armed conflicts that demands an opportunity for its reconstruction. Throughout this journey, formalized in three proposals, the teaching strategy of the virtual journey and the incorporation of the architecture competition are combined not as central elements, but as support techniques for a narrative of an intense socio-political nature.
La experiencia aquí descrita aborda el aprendizaje del proyecto arquitectónico de la vivienda colectiva utilizando estrategias docentes combinadas para superar ciertas limitaciones de los estudiantes de arquitectura de segundo curso. Se parte del seguimiento de la problemática derivada de la salida masiva de refugiados de Siria como argumento “in itinere” que permite abordar distintos conceptos relacionados con el hábitat colectivo, desde la instalación temporal en un acampamento a través de arquitecturas de emergencia a la reflexión sobre la vivienda social experimental en entornos de acogida. El final del camino se produce de vuelta a Siria, un país devastado por los conflictos bélicos que demanda una oportunidad para su reconstrucción. A lo largo de este recorrido, formalizado en tres propuestas, se combina la estrategia docente del viaje virtual y la incorporación del concurso de arquitectura no como elementos centrales, sino como técnicas de apoyo a un relato de intenso carácter socio-político.
El laboratorio de investigación como forma de enseñanza: un caso de aprendizaje recíproco
Authors: Fracalossi Igor 
Published: December 2021

Due to the initial pandemic context of the year 2020, a series of pedagogical explorations began to be carried out in institutions of higher education around the world. The physical distance between teachers and students, and the improbability of acquiring technical materials and instruments, in addition to domestic overcrowding and psychological conditions, have been decisive factors for theimplementation of new ways of teaching architecture. The quantity and quality decrease of homework and the flexibility to attend classes have been evident andtransversal strategies in the Chilean context. Nonetheless, this article aims to discuss and sustain the contrary: increasing the quality of assignments and tasks,considering reciprocal learning in a research laboratory setting, is positive and fruitful in order to avoid student demotivation, strengthen ties between students andteachers and reach a high level in terms of results.
Debido al contexto pandémico inicial del año 2020, una serie de exploraciones pedagógicas empezaron a realizarse en instituciones de enseñanza superior alrededor del mundo. La lejanía física entre profesores y estudiantes, y la improbabilidad de adquirir materiales e instrumentos técnicos, además del hacinamiento doméstico y la condición psicológica, han sido factores decisivos para la implementación de nuevas formas de enseñar la arquitectura. La disminución de la cantidad y calidad de trabajo y la flexibilidad de asistencia a las clases han sido estrategias evidentes y transversales en el contexto chileno. No obstante, este artículo pretende discutir y sostener lo opuesto: que el aumento de la calidad de los encargos y tareas, desde la noción de aprendizaje recíproco en un ámbito de laboratorio de investigación, es positivo y fructífero para combatir la desmotivación estudiantil, fortalecer los lazos entre estudiantes y profesores, y llegar a un alto nivel en términos de resultados.
Electrocatalysis in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Rizo Rubén , García Gonzalo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study and development of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC), and consequently, the ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR) is of paramount importance for clean energy production. In this sense, many publications have been dedicated to the use of Pt as a catalyst for this reaction, in which a large fraction of them seek to address the improvement of the Pt catalyst by its combination with a second metal. Consequently, herein, we summarize and discuss the most relevant EOR mechanistic from the last decades that shed light on a general mechanism for the EOR on Pt electrode. Additionally, different surface structure and chemical phenomena described for Pt‐based electrodes, such as strain, ligand effects, and bifunctional effects, are featured by citing and discussing the most relevant studies on Pt‐based bimetallic systems for the EOR.
Hexagonal Phase Ni3Fe Nanosheets toward High‐Performance Water Splitting by a Room‐Temperature Methane Plasma Method
Authors: Wei Guijuan , Shen Yongli , Zhao Xixia , Wang Ying , Zhang Weiqing , An Changhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn addition to tuning the size and shape, exploring highly efficient and cost‐effective catalysts with active metastable phase represents an alternative strategy to improve electrocatalytic water splitting performance. However, it still remains a big challenge to synthesize unconventional crystal structures under mild conditions. Herein, a facile CH4 plasma assisted strategy to synthesize hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) Ni3Fe/C porous nanosheets by in situ topology reduction of Ni3Fe‐LDH nanosheets is successfully developed. Compared with its face‐centered cubic phase counterpart (fcc‐Ni3Fe/C), the resulting hcp‐Ni3Fe/C catalyst exhibits much enhanced activity with overpotentials of 70 and 201 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. Moreover, a small cell voltage of 1.54 V is realized to drive overall water splitting. Theoretical calculations further reveal that hcp‐Ni3Fe allows energetically favorable adsorption and dissociation of H2O molecules. This work presents a new strategy for designing advanced metastable phase electrocatalysts with high performance for energy and environmentally relevant reactions.
Temperature‐Dependent CAT‐Like RGD‐BPNS@SMFN Nanoplatform for PTT‐PDT Self‐Synergetic Tumor Phototherapy
Authors: Song Luping , Chen Bo , Qin Zhiguo , Liu Xin , Guo Zhanhang , Lou Hongchao , Liu Hui , Sun Wei , Guo Chunxian , Li Changming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhototherapies such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are considered as alternatives for tumor remedies, because of their advantages of precise spatial orientation, minimally invasive, and nonradiative operation. However, most of phototherapeutic agents still suffer from low photothermal conversion efficacy and photodynamic performance, poor biocompatibility, and intratumor accumulation. Herein a biocompatible and target‐deliverable PTT–PDT self‐synergetic nanoplatform of RGD‐BPNS@SMFN based on temperature‐dependent catalase (CAT)‐like behavior for tumor elimination is presented. The homogeneously dispersible nanoplatform is designed and fabricated through anchoring spherical manganese ferrite nanoparticles (SMFN) to black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS), followed by arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide modification. The nanoplatform exhibits excellent targeting ability and enhanced photonic response in comparison to plain BPNS and SMFN in vitro and in vivo. It is found that PTT and PDT have a self‐synergetic behavior by means of the dual phototherapy mode interaction. The self‐synergetic mechanism is mainly ascribed to PTT‐promoted inherent CAT‐like activity in the nanoplatform, which remodels the tumor hypoxia microenvironment and further ameliorates the PDT efficiency, providing promising high performance nanoplatform for synergetic dual mode phototherapy, enriching the design for the antitumor nanozyme.
Thickness‐Dependent Energy‐Level Alignment at the Organic–Organic Interface Induced by Templated Gap States
Authors: Hagenlocher Jan , Broch Katharina , Zwadlo Matthias , Lepple Daniel , Rawle Jonathan , Carla Francesco , Kera Satoshi , Schreiber Frank , Hinderhofer Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlanar organic heterostructures are widely explored and employed in photovoltaic cells, light‐emitting diodes, and bilayer field‐effect transistors. An important role for device performance plays the energy level alignment at the inorganic–organic and organic–organic interfaces. In this work, incremental ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and real‐time X‐ray scattering experiments are used to thoroughly investigate the thickness‐dependent electronic and structural properties of a perfluoropentacene (PFP)‐on‐[6]phenacene heterostructure. For both materials an incremental increase of the material work function (positive interface dipole) is found. For [6]phenacene, this can be assigned to a thickness‐dependent change of molecular arrangement evident from a change of the unit cell volume and a consequential alteration of the ionization energy. In the case of PFP the interface dipole stems from charge transfer from the substrate into unoccupied molecular orbitals resulting in an electrostatic potential on the surface. The magnitude of this potential can be correlated with an increased gap state density resulting from templated structural defects mediated by the bottom layer.
Leaf and canopy stomatal resistance, aerodynamic resistance, and evapotranspiration of irrigated continuous no‐till and disk‐till maize
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Irmak Suat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of no‐till (NT) management as compared with conventional tillage practices (e.g., disk till [DT]) on plant stomatal behavior in relation to model estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and plant physiological functions has not been sufficiently evaluated. This research investigated the effects of NT and DT management on maize (Zea mays L.) physiological parameters and ETc losses. We also tested the methodology to estimate ETc using a one‐step Penman–Monteith (PM) model with measured variable resistance from scaled‐up leaf stomatal resistance (RL) to canopy resistance (RC) with Bowen Ratio Energy Balance System (BREBS)‐measured ETc. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) explained 76 and 79% of the variability in RL for NT and DT maize, respectively, which varied with growth stage. Disk‐till maize RL was 29, 5, 25, and 4% higher than NT maize RL during the vegetative, tasseling and silking, reproductive, and near‐physiological‐maturity stages, respectively. The seasonal average scaled‐up RC values for NT and DT maize were 102.4 and 128.6 s m–1, respectively. The PM‐estimated ETc correlated strongly with the BREBS‐measured ETc, with the PM model estimates being 8 and 6% within the BREBS measurements on an hourly and daily basis, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to develop the response curves (PPFD vs. RL) for maize for different growth stages under NT and DT. The analyses presented here can provide invaluable data and information for plant physiology research, crop modeling, determining crop response to different management, and environmental drivers.
Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in chronic rhinosinusitis with comparison to primary ETD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Shih Michael C. , Edwards Thomas S. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOtologic symptoms consistent with Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) are common in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but can also occur independently of CRS as primary ETD. It is unclear if CRS+ETD is similar to primary ETD or how treatment outcomes compare.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA). Any study describing ETD in CRS was included. Primary ETD studies were limited to those with preoperative and postoperative Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) scores in ETD treated only with Eustachian tube balloon dilation (ETBD).ResultsSixteen studies were included: nine studies with 1336 consecutive patients with CRS and seven studies with 161 patients with primary ETD. In studies with specific data, 225 (47.2%) patients with CRS had a score >14.5, consistent with ETD. In CRS+ETD, baseline mean ± standard deviation (SD) ETDQ‐7 score was 20.7 ± 8.4 and did not differ by polyp status. In primary ETD, mean ETDQ‐7 score was significantly higher than CRS+ETD (29.5 ± 8.1, p < 0.0001). Regarding treatment outcomes, CRS+ETD treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) alone resulted in mean ETDQ‐7 in the normal range (13.2 ± 5.3), with a mean change of −7.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], −10.82 to −3.99) (p < 0.00001). Patients with primary ETD treated with ETBD had postoperative ETDQ7 scores of 14.9 ± 7.5 with mean change of −13.9 (95% CI, −18.01 to −9.88), p < 0.00001.ConclusionETD is noted in approximately half of patients with CRS. Outcomes of CRS+ETD treated with ESS alone are similar to those of patients with primary ETD treated with ETBD.