bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface nitridation of Li4Ti5O12 by thermal decomposition of urea to improve quick charging capability of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jang Jihyun , Kim Tae Hun , Ryu Ji Heon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles increases, the demand for improved charging characteristics of batteries is also increasing. Lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) is a negative electrode material with high rate characteristics, but further improvement in rate characteristics is needed for achieving the quick-charging performance required by electric vehicle markets. In this study, the surface of LTO was coated with a titanium nitride (TiN) layer using urea and an autogenic reactor, and electrochemical performance was improved (initial Coulombic efficiency and the rate capability were improved from 95.6 to 4.4% for pristine LTO to 98.5% and 53.3% for urea-assisted TiN-coated LTO, respectively. We developed a process for commercial production of surface coatings using eco-friendly material to further enhance the charging performance of LTO owing to high electronic conductivity of TiN.
Open-label placebo treatment to improve relaxation training effects in healthy psychology students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schienle Anne , Unger Isabella 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlacebos, that are administered with deception, can reduce stress and increase relaxation. The present study investigated an open-label placebo (OLP) to improve the effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) training. A total of 160 psychology students were randomly assigned to a 14-day PMR course with or without daily OLP treatment. The placebo was administered along with an explanation of placebo effects and the verbal suggestion that the OLP activates the body’s natural relaxation response. The relaxation instructions for home practice were delivered via a smartphone app, which was also used for the evaluation of the exercises. The participants of the OLP group completed more PMR exercises (M = 9.75) than the group without a placebo (M = 8.15). The two groups did not differ in reported exercise-related changes in relaxation level. On average, the OLP group rated the effects of the placebo as very low and was characterized by a higher drop-out rate compared to the group without OLP. Some participants experienced the OLP as negative. In conclusion, factors that influence the acceptance of OLP treatment require further investigation.
Comprehensive molecular profiling of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma
Authors: Nagano Masaaki , Kohsaka Shinji , Hayashi Takuo , Ueno Toshihide , Kojima Shinya , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Morita Shigeki , Tsuda Masumi , Tanaka Shinya , Shinohara Toshiya , Omori Yuko , Sugaya Fumiko , Kato Hiroaki , Narita Yoshiaki , Nakajima Jun , Suzuki Kenji , Takamochi Kazuya , Mano Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInformation regarding the molecular features of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is insufficient. Here, we performed next-generation sequencing to determine the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of PPC. We sequenced the DNAs and RNAs of 78 specimens from 52 patients with PPC. We analyzed 15 PPC cases to identify intratumoral differences in gene alterations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), RNA expression, and PD-L1 expression between epithelial and sarcomatoid components. The genomic alterations of six cases of primary tumors and corresponding metastatic tumors were analyzed. KRAS mutations (27%) were the most common driver mutations, followed by EGFR (8%), and MET (8%) mutations. Epithelial and sarcomatoid components shared activating driver mutations, and there were no significant differences in CD274 expression or TMB between the two components. However, PD-L1 was highly expressed in the sarcomatoid component of several cases compared with the epithelial component. Primary and metastatic tumors shared oncogenic mutations among genes such as KRAS and TP53, and additional alterations including NOTCH4 mutations were specifically identified in the metastatic regions. Our data suggest that therapies targeting activating driver mutations may be effective for patients with PPC and that immune checkpoint inhibitors of PPC may be recommended after careful assessment of PD-L1 expression in each epithelial and sarcomatoid component.
The γ-tubulin meshwork assists in the recruitment of PCNA to chromatin in mammalian cells
Authors: Corvaisier Matthieu , Zhou Jingkai , Malycheva Darina , Cornella Nicola , Chioureas Dimitrios , Gustafsson Nina M. S. , Rosselló Catalina Ana , Ayora Silvia , Li Tongbin , Ekström-Holka Kristina , Jirström Karin , Lindström Lisa , Alvarado-Kristensson Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChanges in the location of γ-tubulin ensure cell survival and preserve genome integrity. We investigated whether the nuclear accumulation of γ-tubulin facilitates the transport of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) between the cytosolic and the nuclear compartment in mammalian cells. We found that the γ-tubulin meshwork assists in the recruitment of PCNA to chromatin. Also, decreased levels of γ-tubulin reduce the nuclear pool of PCNA. In addition, the γ-tubulin C terminus encodes a PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) motif, and a γ-tubulin–PIP-mutant affects the nuclear accumulation of PCNA. In a cell-free system, PCNA and γ-tubulin formed a complex. In tumors, there is a significant positive correlation between TUBG1 and PCNA expression. Thus, we report a novel mechanism that constitutes the basis for tumor growth by which the γ-tubulin meshwork maintains indefinite proliferation by acting as an opportune scaffold for the transport of PCNA from the cytosol to the chromatin.
The transverse occipital sulcus and intraparietal sulcus show neural selectivity to object-scene size relationships
Authors: Welbourne Lauren E. , Jonnalagadda Aditya , Giesbrecht Barry , Eckstein Miguel P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo optimize visual search, humans attend to objects with the expected size of the sought target relative to its surrounding scene (object-scene scale consistency). We investigate how the human brain responds to variations in object-scene scale consistency. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging and a voxel-wise feature encoding model to estimate tuning to different object/scene properties. We find that regions involved in scene processing (transverse occipital sulcus) and spatial attention (intraparietal sulcus) have the strongest responsiveness and selectivity to object-scene scale consistency: reduced activity to mis-scaled objects (either unusually smaller or larger). The findings show how and where the brain incorporates object-scene size relationships in the processing of scenes. The response properties of these brain areas might explain why during visual search humans often miss objects that are salient but at atypical sizes relative to the surrounding scene.
Quantum entangled fractional topology and curvatures
Authors: Hutchinson Joel , Le Hur Karyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTopological spaces have numerous applications for quantum matter with protected chiral edge modes related to an integer-valued Chern number, which also characterizes the global response of a spin-1/2 particle to a magnetic field. Such spin-1/2 models can also describe topological Bloch bands in lattice Hamiltonians. Here we introduce interactions in a system of spin-1/2s to reveal a class of topological states with rational-valued Chern numbers for each spin providing a geometrical and physical interpretation related to curvatures and quantum entanglement. We study a driving protocol in time to reveal the stability of the fractional topological numbers towards various forms of interactions in the adiabatic limit. We elucidate a correspondence of a one-half topological spin response in bilayer semimetals on a honeycomb lattice with a nodal ring at one Dirac point and a robust π Berry phase at the other Dirac point.
Two complementary approaches for the synthesis and isolation of stable phosphanylphosphaalkenes
Authors: Ziółkowska Aleksandra , Szynkiewicz Natalia , Ponikiewski Łukasz 
Published: June 2021

A new series of compounds formed in a one-step reaction (Phospha–Wittig or phospha–Peterson), containing the CP–P moiety was synthesized and characterized. These species are stable under atmospheric conditions and are resistant to hydrolysis.
Evaluation of Parent–Researcher Agreement on the Vocal Development Landmarks Interview
Authors: Thomas Anne E. , Ambrose Sophie E. , Marvin Christine A. , Oleson Jacob , Moeller Mary Pat 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Parent report was compared to judgments made by a trained researcher to determine the utility of the Vocal Development Landmarks Interview (VDLI) for monitoring development of vocal behaviors in very young children.

Method
Parents of 40 typically developing children, ages 6–21 months, provided full-day naturalistic audio recordings of their children's vocalizations after completing the VDLI. Six 5-min segments of highly voluble periods were selected from each recording and were analyzed, coded, and scored by the researcher. These data were then compared to the parents' VDLI responses. Parent–researcher agreement was examined using two methods and a generalized linear mixed model. Patterns of disagreement were explored descriptively to gain insights regarding potential sources of parent–researcher differences. Finally, developmental patterns in the researcher-observed vocal behaviors were examined as a function of children's age.

Results
No significant differences in parent–researcher agreement were found for the Canonical and Word subscales of the VDLI; however, significant differences in agreement were found for the Precanonical subscale. Mean percentages of agreement were high overall for both scoring methods evaluated. Additionally, the researcher's categorization and quantification of vocal behaviors for each age group aligned well with developmental trajectories found in the literature.

Conclusion
Results provide further support for use of parent report to assess early vocal development and use of the VDLI as a clinical measure of vocal development in infants and toddlers ages 6–21 months.
Performance of a plate‐wave energy converter integrated in a floating breakwater
Authors: Zheng Siming , Meylan Mike , Zhang Xiantao , Iglesias Gregorio , Greaves Deborah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA plate‐wave energy converter (pWEC) moored in front of a floating stationary breakwater is considered. The pWEC is composed of a submerged flexible plate with piezoelectric layers bonded to both faces of it. Hence the elastic motion of the plate excited by water waves can be transformed into useful electricity due to the piezoelectric effect. To evaluate the performance of the breakwater‐attached pWEC in terms of wave power absorption and wave attenuation, a hydroelastic model based on linear potential flow theory and the eigenfunction matching method is developed with the electromechanical and the hydrodynamic problems of the pWEC coupled together. The pWEC can be either simply supported or clamped at the edge. A multi‐parameter analysis is carried out with the employment of the present model. Effects of the width, submergence and edge types of the plate, together with the scales of the breakwater, including its width and draft, on wave power absorption and wave attenuation, are examined. As the pWEC moves towards a deeper position, the main peaks of the frequency response of the wave power absorption efficiency become lower and narrower. In contrast, its effect on wave attenuation is limited.
Proper motions of spectrally selected structures in the HH 83 outflow
Authors: Movsessian T. A. , Magakian T. Yu. , Moiseev A. V. 
Published: June 2021

Context. We continue our program of investigation of the proper motions of spectrally separated structures in the Herbig–Haro outflows with the aid of Fabry–Perot scanning interferometry. This work mainly focuses on the physical nature of various structures in the jets.
Aims. The aim of the present study is to measure the proper motions of the previously discovered kinematically separated structures in the working surface of the HH 83 collimated outflow.
Methods. We used observations from two epochs separated by 15 yr, which were performed on the 6 m telescope with Fabry–Perot scanning interferometer. We obtained images corresponding to different radial velocities for the two separate epochs, and used them to measure proper motions.
Results. In the course of our data analysis, we discovered a counter bow-shock of HH 83 flow with positive radial velocity, which makes this flow a relatively symmetric bipolar system. The second epoch observations confirm that the working surface of the flow is split into two structures with an exceptionally large (250 km s−1) difference in radial velocity. The proper motions of these structures are almost equal, which suggests that they are physically connected. The asymmetry of the bow shock and the turning of proper motion vectors suggests a collision between the outflow and a dense cloud. The profile of the Hα line for the directly invisible infrared source HH 83 IRS, obtained by integration of the data within the reflection nebula, suggests it to be of P Cyg type with a broad absorption component characteristic of the FU Ori-like objects. If this object underwent an FU Ori type outburst, which created the HH 83 working surfaces, its eruption took place about 1500 years ago according to the kinematical age of the outflow.
An interdisciplinary approach to the study of physiological problems of students in the context of digitalization
Authors: Matsyuk Elena 
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the research is due to the lack of theoretical understanding of the learning process transformation of elementary school children with writing and reading disorders (dysgraphia and dyslexia) in the context of the digitalization of the education system. The article provides an extended analysis of data on the potential impact of the intensification of the introduction of digital technologies on the communicative development of students aged 8-10 years. The prevalence of dysgraphia and dyslexia among elementary school children in various countries of the world was looked upon. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the systematization of the research results of domestic and foreign authors studying the issues of understanding the structure, prevention, and overcoming of dysgraphia and dyslexia from the point of view of a targeted complex interdisciplinary approach, including neurological, neuropsychological aspects and basic speech therapy methods of speech therapy for diagnostics and correction of writing and reading disorders in conditions of digitalization of education.
The study of the vectors of modern approaches to the neuropsychological classification of writing and reading disorders leads to the conclusion that the use of a targeted integrated interdisciplinary approach in the context of digitalization of education allows us to consider all the criteria that are significant for drawing up effective correctional programs for overcoming dysgraphia and dyslexia. These are such criteria as age and psychological characteristics of the personality of students aged 8-10 years, the peculiarities of self-determination, and the value system of schoolchildren of the “digital” generation, communicative, cognitive, neuropsychic characteristics of students with dysgraphia and dyslexia.
Chronische Kupferüberversorgung als mögliches Bestandsproblem in einer deutschen Milchviehherde
Authors: Weber Jim , Roder Andrea , Müller Anja E. , Pieper Robert , Staufenbiel Rudolf 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungChronische Überversorgungen oder Intoxikationen mit Kupfer (Cu) treten beim Rind seltener auf als beim Schaf. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt eine chronisch erhöhte Cu-Exposition durch übermäßige Supplementierung von Mineralfutter als Bestandsproblem in einer Deutsche-Holstein-Herde. Zur Diagnostik auf Bestandsebene wurden bei jeweils 10 Tieren aus der Vorbereiter- (VB) und Hochleistungsgruppe (HL) Blut- und Harnproben gewonnen. Die klinisch-chemische Untersuchung dieser Proben zeigte lediglich leicht erhöhte Leberenzymaktivitäten bei HL-Kühen. Die Analyse der totalen Mischration (TMR) beider Gruppen ergab eine starke Übersupplementation von Cu, Zink (Zn), Kobalt (Co) und Selen (Se). Die Untersuchung des Cu-Gehalts von Harn, Kot, pigmentiertem Haar und die Bestimmung der Coeruloplasmin-Aktivität im Plasma ergab erhöhte Cu-Gehalte im Kot von HL- und VB-Tieren sowie eine Coeruloplasmin-Aktivität im Referenzbereich. In Leberbioptaten von HL-Kühen waren erhöhte bzw. am oberen Grenzwert liegende Gehalte für Cu und Co bzw. Se, Zn und Mangan im Lebergewebe der HL nachweisbar. Dagegen wiesen die Lebergewebsproben von Färsen, die ein Jungrinder-Mineralstoffgemisch gemäß Herstellerempfehlung erhielten, physiologische Spurenelementgehalte auf. Dieser Bericht zeigt, dass sich durch Kot- und TMR-Analyse zuverlässige Aussagen zur Cu-Versorgung treffen lassen, während Blut, Harn und Haar keine geeigneten Untersuchungsmedien darstellen. Zur sicheren Diagnosestellung einer Cu-Überversorgung ist die auch in der buiatrischen Praxis durchführbare Leberbiopsie notwendig.
Prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among gastroenterological patients: a HbA1c-based single center experience – Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterological patients
Authors: Fründt Thorben , Schröder Niko , Hölzemer Angelique , Pinnschmidt Hans , de Heer Jocelyn , Behrends Berit C. , Renne Thomas , Lautenbach Anne , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schrader Jörg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for microvascular disease, leading to chronic kidney injury or cardiovascular disease, but there is a tremendous proportion of patients worldwide who suffer from undiagnosed diabetes. Until now, little is known about the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterology inpatients.
Objective To improve detection of undiagnosed diabetes, a routine screening procedure for gastroenterology inpatients, based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurement, was established.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the implemented diabetes screening. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the guideline of the German Diabetes Association in patients with an HbA1c of ≥6.5% anld/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes.
Results Within a 3-month period, 606 patients were eligible for a diabetes screening. Pre-existing diabetes was documented in 120 patients (19.8 %), undiagnosed diabetes was found in 24 (3.9%), and 162 patients (26.7%) met the definition for prediabetes. Steroid medication use, age, and liver cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were identified as risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes.
Conclusion The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterology inpatients is markedly elevated in comparison to the general population, and a substantial number of inpatients are in a prediabetic status, underlining the need for diabetes screening. In addition to previously described risk factors of patient age and steroid medication use, we identified PSC-related liver cirrhosis (but not liver cirrhosis due to another etiology) as an independent risk factor for undiagnosed diabetes.
An individually adjusted endurance test reveals differences in physical fitness between young and old Beagles
Authors: Willen Maray , Lorke Malin , Wefstaedt Patrick , Lucas Karin , Nolte Ingo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective Aim was to establish an individually adapted endurance test for dogs on a treadmill, which takes the individual‘s physical condition into account. To check the applicability of the test, two age groups of clinically healthy beagles were examined.Methods A total of 10 clinically healthy Beagles were enrolled and divided in a younger (1–3 years, n = 5) and older group (> 8 years, n = 5). The individual comfort gait speed of each dog was determined on a treadmill with integrated force plates. A maximal time of 20 minutes at trot was set for the endurance test. The test was terminated prematurely if the dog showed signs of fatigue (massive panting, unwillingness to move further). Blood samples were taken at general examination (G), prior to (B) and post exercise (P) for determination of lactate level (LL), oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pO2, pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3 –), base excess (BE) and pH. On each occasion (G, B, P) heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded. Additionally, vertical ground reaction forces (Fz) were analysed.Results The older dogs (age: 10.4 ± 0.89 years) completed the test with less speed and duration compared to the younger dogs (age: 2.4 ± 0.89 years), which managed to complete the maximum time. Lactate levels in the older dogs were higher than in the younger dogs at all timepoints of examination. Contrary to the younger dogs, there was no significant increase in the heart rate of the older dogs. Ground reaction forces were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusion and clinical relevance Whereas standardised endurance tests allow for the comparison of fitness levels between dogs, an individually adjusted endurance test aims at objectively determining the physical fitness of the single dog taking into account its individual performance. Such a test allows to examine the individual performance development over time and to evaluate medicinal therapies or dietary measures, e. g. in aging dogs. HR, RR, LL, blood gases (pCO2, pO2) and acid-base metabolism (HCO3 –, BE, pH) were found to be appropriate parameters for determining the physical capacity of the dogs during endurance tests as these parameters change under physical stress and are indicative for the onset of fatigue.