bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Bitterness Suppression in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction
Authors: Xiumei KE , Yang Junxuan , Ma Hongyan , Zhang Lisheng , Li Pan , Wang Meng , Wang Jianwei , Han Li , Zhang Dingkun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Bitterness is one of the main reasons that affect the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Preliminary research shows γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and neotame can significantly improve the taste of TCM, while its mechanism still remains unknown. Huanglian jiedu decoction (HLJDD), as a typical representative of the bitter prescription of TCM, will be a breakthrough point to study the taste correcting strategy of TCM in this study.
Methods

Firstly, UPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the ingredients of HLJDT. Secondly, pharmacophore model of bitter taste receptors (BTR) Tas2r10, Tas2r14 and Tas2r46 was built by Discovery Studio 4.0 software. Thirdly, bitter taste compounds in HLJDD were identified by pharmacophore model. Finally, molecular modeling was used to explore how γ-CD and neotame make effect.
Results

We found γ-CD masked bitterness by preventing bitter components from contacting its receptor, or reducing the affinity between them. While components are extremely rigid such as coptisine, cannot complete self-assemble with γ-CD. Hence, inclusion (γ-CD) is difficult to achieve good effects for drugs containing those compounds such as Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex. However, neotame can strongly bind with those extremely bitter compounds such as coptisine and epiberberine in Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex, and thus can mask taste of them significantly.
Conclusions

The strategy achieves a significant bitter block effect from blocking the formation of the bitter signal to hindering its transmission after the formation of the signal, achieving a multilevel and significant taste effect. This article provides references for the research and development of flavoring companions for TCM, which will help improving the clinical efficacy of TCM.
Analysis of curative effect: percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation with buttock pain as the main symptom
Authors: An Jun-Yan , Zhang Jun , Wu Jiu-Ping , Yu Tong , Xue Wu , Qi Le , Liu Qin-Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease in spinal surgery which often causes acute radicular pain. However, LDH with buttock pain (BP) as the main clinical symptom is rare. Herein, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) in the treatment of LDH with the buttock as the primary clinical symptom.
Methods

. Totally 12 patients have LDH (L4-5) with BP who underwent PTED from January 2019 to June 2020 were enrolled. All patients performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and at follow-up. The pain relieve were evaluated by the Visual analog scale (VAS), the functional recovery was assessed by Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Roland-Morris questionnaire (RMQ). Parameters were evaluated preoperatively, immediately after surgery, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery, respectively. Moreover, the lumbar function was determined by modified MacNab criteria.
Results

. Pain relieve was found in 11 patients postoperatively. The VAS, ODI and RMQ scores were improved significantly at the latest follow up visit compared to preoperative (P < 0.05). One patient suffered from LDH recurrence one month after operation and received revision surgery, then achieved satisfied effect. Two patients experienced residual BP after operation and obtained good clinical outcomes by conservative treatment. No other surgical complications were found during follow up period. The average length of follow-up was 6.68 ± 0.67 months.
Conclusion.

PTED is a safe and efficacious method in treating LDH with BP.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in people with migratory backgrounds: A cross- sectional study among Turkish- and German-speaking citizens in Munich
Authors: Aktürk Zekeriya , Linde Klaus , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Kunisch Raphael , Schneider Antonius 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy of people with migratory backgrounds among Turkish- and German-speaking patients in Munich regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsPrimary outcomes were the intention to get vaccinated for COVID-19 and COVID-19 knowledge levels (25 true/false items). Other variables included demographics, attitudes to COVID-19 and vaccination (7 items), and behaviors regarding COVID-19 (7 items). The attitude and behavior questions had 5-point Likert scales. Of the 10 Turkish-speaking family physicians in Munich, 6 agreed to administer Turkish or German questionnaires to consecutive patients during February 2021. Participants with either citizenship, country of origin, native language, or place of birth being non-German were categorized as “Having a migratory background.” Data from 420 respondents were analyzed.ResultsWomen constituted 41.4% (n=174), the mean age was 42.2±15.5 years, 245 (58.3%) preferred the Turkish questionnaire, 348 (82.9%) had a migratory background, and 197 (47.9%) intended to be vaccinated. The mean knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were 21.5±3.2 (max=25), 3.7±0.8 (max=5), and 4.0±0.5 (max=5). While 42.3% (n=145) of the participants with a migratory background considered getting vaccinated, this proportion was 76.5% (n=52) for non-immigrant Germans (Chi-square=26.818, p<0.001). Non-migratory background (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.082), high attitude scores (OR: 2.877), male sex (OR: 2.185), years of schooling (OR: 1.064), and age (OR: 1.022) were positively associated with vaccination intention.ConclusionsWe suggest initiating or supporting projects run by persons or groups from inside the immigrants targeting to elaborate and change their vaccination attitudes.
Operando NMR Visualization of Ion Dynamics in PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Jin Yanting , Magusin Pieter , Sturniolo Simone , Zhao Evan Wenbo , Lyu Dongxun , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Malliaras George , Grey Clare 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors are widely studied for various applications in bioelectronics, energy generation/storage, and neuromorphic computing, a fundamental understanding of the interactions between the ionic and electronic carriers remains unclear, particularly in the wet state and on electrochemical cycling. Here, we show that operando NMR spectroscopy can selectively probe and quantify ion and water movement during the doping/dedoping of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films, the most widely used organic mixed conductor. Na+ ions near or within the PEDOT-rich domains experience an anisotropic environment resulting from the underlying partial PSS chain orientation in the polymer films, giving rise to a distinct quadrupolar splitting in the 23Na NMR spectrum. Operando 23Na NMR studies reveal a linear correlation between the quadrupolar splitting and the charge stored in the film, which is interpreted in terms of the roles that the Na+ ions at the PEDOT/PSS interfaces play in charge balance and electric double layer formation. The observed correlation is quantitatively explained by a competitive binding model, in which holes on the PEDOT backbone are bound to PSS, the hole concentration changes during doping/dedoping inducing variations in the Na+ binding percentage at the PEDOT/PSS interfaces. The Na+-to-electron coupling efficiency, measured via 23Na NMR intensity changes, varies noticeably depending on the cycling history of the film. Operando 1H NMR spectroscopy confirms that water molecules accompany the ions that are injected into/extracted from the films. These findings shed light on the working principles of organic mixed conductors and demonstrate the utility of operando NMR spectroscopy in revealing structure-property relationships in electroactive polymers.
Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluation of Cornea Biomechanics with Corvis-ST
Authors: manzelat Amir masood Rafie , Nasrabadi Farzaneh Dehghanian , jafarzadehpour Ebrahim , Peyman‎ Alireza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: We conducted the present work to evaluate cornea biomechanics, using Corvis-‎ST device parameters amongst patients with diabetes mellitus‎.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 62 type II diabetic patients and 28 non-diabetic individuals were recruited. Following slit-lamp examination, the participants were further assessed and compared with Corvis-ST device (OCULUS Germany) in order to evaluate the cornea biomechanical response.‎Result: The Applanation 2 Velocity variable was significantly different between ‎the diabetic and non-diabetic patients (-0.3±0.04, respectively) (P value=0.02). ‎Conclusion: This study revealed an increased corneal biomechanical strength amongst diabetic patients.
Fur glowing under UV: a widespread consequence of porphyrin accumulation in mammals
Authors: Toussaint Séverine , Ponstein Jasper , Thoury Mathieu , Métivier Rémi , Kalthoff Daniela , Habermeyer Benoît , Guilard Roger , Bock Steffen , Mortensen Peter , Sandberg Sverre , Gueriau Pierre , Amson Eli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spectacular photoluminescence (PL) phenomena have been increasingly reported in various organisms from diverse ecosystems. However, the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly defined, and its potential ecological function is still blurry, especially in mammals. Here we used state-of-the-art spectroscopy and multispectral imaging techniques to document new cases of mammalian ultraviolet-induced PL (UV-PL) and to identify free-base porphyrins and natural derivatives as the organic compounds responsible for the reddish luminescence observed in the hairs and spines of distantly related species. We argue that pink to red UV-PL is predominantly observed in crepuscular and nocturnal mammals because porphyrins are photodegradable, and that this phenomenon might not have a specific function in intra- or interspecific communication but consists of a byproduct of a widespread physiological condition, overlooked in mammals.Co-first authors: Séverine Toussaint and Jasper Ponstein
Influence of the heat transfer field on anomalous lubricant film formation in elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions
Authors: Yagi Kazuyuki , Nishida Kazuki , Suigmura Joichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The influence of the heat transfer field on anomalous film formation under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) conditions was studied. Liquid lubricant film shapes between a transparent disc and steel ball friction pair were investigated by white light optical interferometry. 1-Dodecanol was used as the representative lubricant to develop anomalous film shapes. A sapphire disc and glass disc, which have different thermal conductivities, were used as the transparent bounding surface. The heat transfer field significantly influenced the formation of anomalous film shapes. The anomalous film shapes approximated the shape of a conventional EHL film with increasing ambient temperature. However, a thickened part of the lubricant film remained, although the phase diagram of 1-dodecanol suggested it to be in the liquid state.
Transcriptome analysis of Nelumbo nucifera in response to antimony stress
Authors: Liang Yanhong , Zhou Xiujie , Liu Qingchuan , Liu Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To explore the probable mechanism of antimony stress resistance by Nelumbo nucifera and screen out relevant antimony-resistant genes, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of Nelumbo nucifera seeds treated by antimony at low, medium, and high concentrations (100, 500, 1000 mg/L respectively), screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and analyzed gene ontology classification and KEGG enrichment.Totally 18078 DEGs between antimony stress treatments and the control were identified, and 4192, 5850 and 8036 DEGs were found respectively.The pathways underlying the degradation of phosphopentose, limonene and pinene, the biosynthesis of flavonoid and ubiquinone, and the biosynthesis of terpenoids play critical roles in this responding process. The expressions of 7 genes validated by qPCR were consistent with the RNA-Seq results, which confirms the reliability of RNA-Seq results.This study on transcriptome analysis of Nelumbo nucifera under antimony stress provides a genetic resource and a theoretical basis for research on plant restoration of antimony pollution.
Evaluation of Red Blood Cell Parameters as a Biomarker for Long-Term Glycemic Control Monitoring Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Asmamaw Misganaw , Sime Tariku , Kene Kumsa , Fekadie Minale , Teshome Muluken , Zawdie Belay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2 DM) is a common type of DM characterized by hyperglycemia. Glycation of hemoglobin and related proteins in DM can affect the physiological and structural properties of red blood cells. Although glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test continues to be the gold standard for the assessment of long-term glycemic control accessibility and affordability of the test in routine diagnosing service are still limited in developing countries. Hence, this study was aimed to assess red blood cell parameters as a biomarker for long-term glycemic monitoring among T2 DM patients.Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study through a consecutive sampling technique was conducted among 124 T2 DM patients at the chronic illness follow-up clinic of Jimma Medical Center (JMC) from July 27 to August 31, 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical-related data. Five milliliters of the blood specimen was collected from each eligible T2 DM patient. HbA1c and red blood cell parameters were determined by Cobas 6000 and DxH 800 fully automated analyzers respectively. Data were entered into Epi-data software version 3.1 and exported to SPSS 25 version for analysis. Independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to address the research questions. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of study participants was 51.84± 11.6 years. 60.5% of T2 DM patients were in poor glycemic control. There was a significant mean difference between good and poor glycemic controlled T2 DM patients in red blood cell count (4.79±0.5 vs 4.38±0.8), hemoglobin (14.13±1.4 vs 13.60±1.6), mean corpuscular volume (89.52±4.7 vs 92.62±7.5), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (29.63±1.6 vs 30.77±2.9), and red cell distribution width (13.68±1.1 vs 14.63±1.2) respectively. Red blood cell count was inversely correlated (r=-0.280, p=0.002) with HbA1c while mean corpuscular volume (r=0.267, p=0.003), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (r=0.231, p=0.010), and red cell distribution width (r= 0.496, p=0.000) were positively correlated with level of HbA1c. Conclusion: Red cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and red cell distribution width could be useful indicators to monitor the glycemic status of T2 DM patients instead of HbA1c, though large prospective studies should be considered.
Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Idiopathic Dropped Head Syndrome Patients is Similar to Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Igawa Tatsuya , Isogai Norihiro , Suzuki Akifumi , Ishizaka Masahiro , Funao Haruki , Ishii Ken 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dropped head syndrome (DHS) exhibits cervical deformity due to weakness of the cervical extensor group, and sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and systemic reduction in skeletal muscle mass. These clinical finding are associated with reduced activity of daily living, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of mortality. We collected and reviewed prospective registry data for 16 consecutive female patients with idiopathic DHS and 32 healthy individuals who matched their gender and age. The prevalence of sarcopenia and body composition data were compared. There were no differences in the prevalence of sarcopenia, appendicular muscle mass, and leg muscle mass between DHS patients and the healthy elderly. Trunk muscle mass in DHS patients was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals. A significant correlation was found between appendicular muscle mass and trunk muscle mass in healthy subjects but not in DHS patients. Sarcopenia was not associated with the onset of idiopathic DHS. The prevalence of sarcopenia was not high in patients with idiopathic DHS due to the preservation of their appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Patients with DHS were characterized by a significant loss of trunk muscle mass that may be related to the disease but not aging.
Multiple Primary Lung Cancer Comprised of Adenocarcinoma and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: xu jieyu , Yang Xiaorong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple primary lung cancer is a rare type of tumor, which is necessary to differentiate from a metastatic tumor.Case presentation: We report a 67-year-old female with coughing and expectoration in the past eight days. Chest computed tomography revealed that there are two nodules in the patient's lung. Radiographic findings cannot distinguish between the two nodules and distinguish between primary and metastatic lesions.The patient underwent bronchoscopic biopsy and percutaneous lung puncture. Combined with morphological and immunohistochemical results, we concluded that this is a case of multiple primary lung cancers, consisting of adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. In clinical practice, surgery is considered to be the first choice for the treatment of cases of multiple primary lung cancer. The patient received symptomatic treatment because of the metastases. Conclusions: The article aims to report a rare case and emphasize the role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing multiple lung cancer.
Evaluation of GnRH antagonist pre-treatment before ovarian stimulation in a delayed-start antagonist protocol in normal ovulatory women undergoing IVF/ICSI: a randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Authors: Zhang Yisheng , Liu Liling , Qin Jie , Huang Hongyi , Xue Lintao , Wang Shikai , Tan Weihong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Synchronization of follicles is key to improving ovulation stimulation with the GnRH antagonist protocol. GnRH antagonist administration in the early follicular phase can quickly decrease gonadotrophin (Gn) levels and achieve downregulation before stimulation, which improves synchronization. A small RCT showed that pre-treatment with a GnRH antagonist for three days before stimulation might increase oocyte retrieval but cannot increase the pregnancy rate. This study investigated whether the "delayed-start" protocol in ovulatory women can increase the synchronization of follicles and pregnancy outcomes compared with the conventional GnRH antagonist protocol.Methods: This RCT included 136 normal ovulatory women undergoing IVF/ICSI. Both groups were treated with recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol. The women were randomized into two equal groups with or without GnRH antagonist from day 2 of the menstrual cycle. Our primary outcome was the number of oocytes retrieved. Secondary outcomes included the pregnancy and live birth rates.Results: Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. The number of oocytes retrieved in the study group was comparable to that in the control group (9.5(8.0-13.0) vs. 11.0(7.0-14.8),P=0.469). There was no statistical significance among the follicular size differences. The fertilization rate, number of good-quality embryos, implantation rate, pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, live birth rate per ET cycle, and miscarriage rate were all similar between the two groups.Conclusion: This large RCT analysed the "delayed-start" GnRH antagonist protocol applied to normal ovulatory women performing IVF/ICSI. The number of oocytes retrieved and pregnancy outcomes did not vary significantly. Future trials need to confirm these findings.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019730. Registered 26 November 2018,http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=29969.
Synthesis, Computational studies, DNA-binding and cytotoxicity of 4-Thiazolidonone-cyclopropyl hybrid
Authors: MUSHTAQUE MD , Avecilla Fernando , Jahan Mariyam , Ahmad Irfan , Saeed Mohd , Zaman Gaffar Sarwar , Kamble Kirtee , Pingale Subash S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A derivative of 4-Thiazolidinone derivative endowing cyclopropyl ring substituted at 3-nitrogen positioned was synthesized that was further evaluated against cancerous cell lines MCF-7. The structure of synthesized compound (6) was well characterized by different spectral techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Visible, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrophotometer. X-ray single crystal structure and Computational study (DFT) study revealed that compound (6) adopted (2Z, 5Z)-configuration. Preliminary In vitro study suggested that compound (6) displayed moderate activity bearing IC50(161.0 μM). The DNA binding studies (Ct-DNA) with compound (6) was performed. The study suggested that bound with DNA exhibiting binding constant Kb = 3.3 x 104 LMol-1). Furthermore, the binding study was complemented by Molecular docking possessingDNA binding studies (Ct-DNA) were performed. Final compound (6) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity effect (IC50 = 161.0 μM) and DNA binding ability (Kb = 3.3 x 104 LMol-1). The experimental findings were completed by molecular docking study.
Characterizing daily-life social interactions in adolescents and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: a comparison between individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Feller Clémence Mathilde , Ilen Laura , Schneider Maude 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Social impairments are common features of several neurodevelopmental conditions, including 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, little is known about social interactions in daily-life. The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to have access to daily-life information and to distinguish the phenomenology of social interactions between the two conditions, often considered as presenting a similar profile of social impairments.Methods: 32 individuals with 22q11DS, 26 individuals with ASD and 44 healthy controls (HC) aged 12-30 were recruited. All participants were assessed during 6 days 8 times a day using a mobile app. The EMA protocol assessed positive and negative affect, social context (alone versus in company) and the subjective experience of aloneness and social interactions.Results: Participants with 22q11DS and ASD did not spend more time alone, but spent less time with familiar individuals such as friends, and more time with people they live with, compared to HC. However, distinct profiles emerged between the two conditions regarding the subjective experience of aloneness, with more intense feelings of exclusion in participants with ASD compared to participants with 22q11DS and HC. The subjective appreciation of interactions revealed that individuals with ASD felt more judged and more nervous than both 22q11DS and HC. Nevertheless, both conditions expressed a higher desire to be alone when in company of other people than HC.Conclusions: This study highlights distinct social functioning profiles in daily-life in 22q11DS and ASD, giving new intel regarding the social phenotype in these conditions, and pointing towards different therapeutic targets.