bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin‐sensitising effects of an isocaloric diet containing soluble fiber‐enriched flour in non obese non diabetic subjects
Authors: ROMANELLI MASSIMILIANO MARCO CORSI , Briganti Silvia , Goggi Silvia , Ermetici Federica , Zelaschi Roberta , Oggioni Clio , Ignaccolo Daniela , Orsi Michele , Morricone Lelio , Malavazos Alexis Elias 
Published: June 2021

We studied the effect of pasta, bread and biscuits made with soluble fiber enriched flour on insulin sensitivity indices in 30 non obese non diabetic subjects with normal insulin sensitivity.This was a randomized, controlled crossover, dietary intervention study. Subjects were randomized to receive the fiber‐enriched products for the first 4 weeks and then placebo products for the following 4 weeks, or vice versa. A controlled isocaloric diet was given for the whole 8‐weeks period. Measures of visceral fat distribution (waist, hip circumference), fasting glucose, insulin and triglycerides were analyzed at baseline and after each period of intervention.Insulin resistance estimated with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index and the Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) index improved significantly in all subjects after the fiber‐enriched flour period (1.5±0.73vs 1.22±0.56; 21.8±13.63vs18.55±9.16, respectively, p<0.05), but they did not change after the placebo period.In conclusion, we suggest that soluble fiber enriched products may improve insulin sensitivity in non obese non diabetic subjects. This could be useful for prevention of insulin resistance in the general population.University of Milan
Dietary patterns, omega‐3 fatty acids intake from seafood and high anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: dos Santos Vaz Juliana , Kac Gilberto , Emmett Pauline M. , Davis John M. , Golding Jean , Hibbeln Joseph R. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionLittle is known about relationships between dietary patterns, n‐3 fatty acids intake and excessive anxiety during pregnancy.ObjectivesTo examine whether dietary patterns and n‐3 intake from seafood are associated with high levels of anxiety in pregnancy.Methods9,530 pregnant women at 32 wks’ gestation enrolled in ALSPAC. Dietary patterns were established from FFQ using principal component analysis. Total intake of n‐3 fatty acids (g/week) from seafood was estimated. Anxiety symptoms were measured by the Crown‐Crisp Experiential Index (score ≥9 was defined as high anxiety). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the OR and 95% CI, adjusted by socioeconomic and lifestyle variables.ResultsWomen in the highest tertile of the health conscious (OR 0.77; 0.65–0.93) and the traditional (OR 0.84; 0.73–0.97) pattern scores were less likely to report high anxiety. High anxiety was reported among women in the highest tertile of the vegetarian pattern (OR 1.25; 1.08–1.44) and among those reporting no n‐3 intake (OR 1.53; 1.25–1.87) compared with those with intakes of >;1.5 g/week.ConclusionWomen in the highest tertile of the healthy and the traditional dietary pattern scores were less likely to report high anxiety, while those with high scores on a vegetarian pattern or n‐3 intake <1.5 grams/week, were more likely to report high anxiety symptoms in pregnancy.Grant Funding Source: Division of Intramural Basic and Clinical Research, NIAAA, NIH; CAPES Brazil
Infant dietary intake is associated with weight gain from 1 to 12 months of age
Authors: Gallo Sina , Vanstone Catherine , Rodd Celia , Weiler Hope A. 
Published: June 2021

Early life nutrition can affect future health outcomes. We aimed to describe nutrient intake and growth of infants longitudinally. Healthy breastfeeding infants were recruited from the vitamin D dose response study (NCT00381914) in Montreal, Canada. At 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mo of age, infant's diet over 3 d was recorded by mothers including test‐weighing for breast milk intake. Nutrient intake was generated (2010b Canadian Nutrient File). Infants had healthy growth, mean weight and length for age Z‐scores similar to WHO standard. On average, 88% of infants were breastfed by 6 mo and 35% by 12 mo. Energy intake increased over the year (p<0.05) and, as a % of total energy, protein and carbohydrate increased and fat declined (p<0.01). Introduction of complementary food was 5 (±1) mo and negatively correlated with energy intake (r=−0.41; p<0.01) and weight gain (r=−0.32; p<0.01) from 1 to 12 mo. This sample represents some selection bias; however, suggests timing of complementary foods may impact growth by 1 y of age.

Age (mo)

1 n=104
3 n=91
6 n=78
9 n=56
12 n=51

Total energy intake, kcal/d
535 (270,782)a
536 (252,893)a
577 (289,967)a
694 (339,1217)b
875 (498,1425)c

kcal/kg/d
116 (97,130)a
87 (76,102)b
73 (59,85)c
78 (62,102)b,c
94 (74,113)b,d

Protein, % of total energy/d 6
(6,11)a
6 (6,11)a
7 (6,13)b
12 (6, 25)c
16 (9,26)d

Fat, % of total energy/d
56 (50,56)a
56 (37,56)a
47 (22,56)b
35 (18,49)c
35 (17,47)c

Carbohydrates, % of total energy/d
39 (4,46)a
39 (4,53)a
48 (5,69)b
55 (12,76)c
53 (5,70)d

Nutrient intakes from 1 to 12 mo, median (range); within rows values with different superscripts indicate p<0.05.
Grant Funding Source: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Nutricia Research Foundation
Beyond calcium status obesity would impair bone mineralization in school age children of both sexes: Preliminary report.
Authors: Rio Maria Esther , Dupraz Hernan 
Published: June 2021

During nutritional assessment of children 5 to 9,12 y old, impaired bone mineralization was found when both, inadequate calcium status and weight excess were present. To discriminate each variable influence, we took those129 cases with paired data of anthropometry (APM), calcium status (CaS) and bone mineral density (BMD), previously determined. In basal urine samples, Ca and creatinine, expressed as Ca/Cr ratio, an index of CaS where <0.07, deficient, or >;0.07, adequate. Quantitative Ultrasonic Index, expressed as QUI was used by BMD. Data was analyzed according to: APM, normal (N), overweight (OW) and obesity (O), by age group and range of CaS. Results of QUI are shown in the tableAlthough analysis is consistent with the study objective, wide SD not allowed obtain any statistical significance. In normal groups, changes in QUI due to age were as expected. Conversely, excessive weight, especially in obese children, showed negative effects on QUI, even in presence of adequate calcium status.ConclusionResults point to children obesity as a risk factor for poor bone development, that would be al least as important as calcium status. Many more cases are necessary to test and verify this new hypothesis. UBCyT B060. H. Dupraz. PhD Thesis
A Comparative Study of Unbalanced Eating Habit and Dietary Pattern of middle school students in Incheon area, Korea
Authors: Kim YoungA , Lee Eunyoung 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic information about influence of unbalanced eating habit on growing youth's dietary pattern. 728 middle school students(349 boys and 379 girls) were cross‐sectional surveyed in the region of Incheon, one of 5 major cities in Korea, using a questionnaire.In the aggregate, 74% of students had unbalanced eating habit. And the girls had higher ratio of having unbalanced eating habit than the boys. The students with unbalanced eating habit were affected by mass media like TVs when their dietary habits were built (p<.05). And they had sugar‐containing food such as confectionery, chocolate and soft drink frequently between meals (p<.01). Also, they tended to choose food focusing on taste rather than nutritive quality (p<.05). Their food preference found that they preferred meat to vegetables without distinction of gender.As for behavior with school meals, students with unbalanced eating habit tended to leave food when school meal contains food material they disliked, while students with balanced eating habit tended to leave school meals because it was too much (p<.001). Consequently, unbalanced‐eating students tended to leave vegetables significantly more than students with balanced eating habit. Also, students with balanced eating habit indicated higher preference for foods than students with unbalanced eating habit regardless of cooking method and food materials (p<.001).Therefore, school meals containing various food materials and nutrition education to correct students’ eating habit are required to let growing youth improve each of their dietary life.
Strength of association of dietary factors and physical activity with obesity and body fat in school children in Mexico City
Authors: Barrera Daniela , Perez‐Rodriguez Marcela , Vega Norma , Gamez Eli , Leyva Gerardo , Pfeffer Frania , Ortiz Araceli 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionSeveral diet and physical activity (PA) factors have been associated with obesity, however, is not clear which factors impact the most among children.ObjectiveCompare the diet and PA between normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) children and determine the strength of association between dietary and PA and obesity/body composition in NW and OB 8 to 10 year old children in Mexico City.MethodsCross sectional study. PA and dietary intake were directly measured for 7 days and by two 24‐hour recalls respectively. Weight, height and body fat by bioimpedance analysis were obtained. Preliminary data from 40 OB and 40 NW children is presented.ResultsThe percentage of daily energy intake recommendation was higher in NW than in OB children (107% vs 90.2%). Dairy, fruit, vegetable and sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption was not different between groups neither was associated with obesity or body composition. Total PA was significantly higher in NW children (p<0.05); performing ≥15 min of moderate to vigorous PA daily was associated with NW (OR=0.28). Mean daily sedentary time was associated with BMI percentile for age and body fat (r=0.136, p<0.05); Carbohydrate intake ≥53.5% of the total energy intake was a protective factor (OR=0.42).ConclusionsIncreasing moderate to vigorous PA and reducing sedentariness are the factors that can lower the most the risk for obesity.
Healthy Lifestyle Telephone Group Counseling for Children and Their Families
Authors: Gibson Cheryl A , Sol Renee J , Staubach Sara , Greene J Leon , Lee Jae Hoon , Pritchard Corie C , Sullivan Debra K , Davis Dawnavan 
Published: June 2021

Alternative approaches to lifestyle coaching are needed to address the adoption and maintenance of healthy habits. Primary objective of the 12‐week pilot program was to test the feasibility of group telephone counseling for families of overweight children. We utilized a weekly conference call to encourage healthy lifestyle changes and required weekly reporting of targeted health behaviors.MethodsWe collected qualitative and quantitative data. We compared BMI percentile and Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) scores between pre‐ and post‐intervention, using paired‐samples t‐tests. Mixed modeling analyses, adjusting for child's age, gender, and race, were used to estimate changes over time for daily fruit/vegetables (F/V), low‐fat dairy, water consumption, daily steps and physical activity (PA) minutes.ResultsThe program included 10 children (10.2±1.6 yrs; 60% female; 70% White; 96.6 BMI percentile at baseline) and his/her parent. Focus group results revealed families enjoyed participation, used the tracking measures consistently and became much more aware of dietary and physical activity habits. Although not targeted, participants showed a moderate decrease in BMI percentiles (−1.0±2.7, d=0.4). FNPA total scores largely increased at post‐intervention (d=1.3, p<0.05). Overall, mixed modeling results indicated daily low‐fat dairy consumption significantly increased during the program (p<0.05), while PA minutes did not significantly increase over time. Female participants showed significantly more consumption of F/V (p<0.01).ConclusionPilot results will be instrumental in informing a large scale trial. Research support provided in part by Blue Cross Blue Shield.
NAFLD (Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) in non‐diabetic subjects: independent relationship of dietary profile and Bright Liver Score (BLS) with the severity of systolic heart function impairment
Authors: Trovato Guglielmo M. , Catalano Daniela , Martines G. Fabio , Carcò Francesco , Coco Davide , Brischetto Daniela , Abate Angela , Trovato Francesca M. 
Published: June 2021

NAFLD is associated with unhealthy lifestyle and obesity, without alcohol habits. An association of NAFLD with coronary artery disease and with impaired heart function was reported, but without considering severity of NAFLD and with the bias of including diabetes.Aimto challenge if severity of liver steatosis assessed by UltraSound Bright Liver Score (BLS) can predict the impairment of systolic heart function, assessed by echocardiography(Ejection Fraction, EF). Age, obesity, dietary profile (assessed as Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Score, AMDS) and Insulin resistance (assessed by HOMA) were all taken into account for their confounding and synergic effect. 184 NAFLD (m 85, f 99; yrs 52.16±12.05) and 316 non‐NAFLD (m 104, f 212; yrs 48.27±16.32) non‐diabetic subjects were studied. By odds ratio NAFLD (OR 1.652, CI 95% 0.898–3.039), insulin resistance (OR 1.892, CI 95% 0.994–3.601) and overweight‐obesity (OR 2.137, CI 95% 1.137–4.016)were all associated with hazards of lower EF. A Multiple Linear Regression Model, age balanced for this confounding factor, confirms the predictivity (p<0.0001) of NAFLD severity, assessed by BLS, toward lower EF, along with BMI, AMDS and HOMA, with a variance of 8.5%.Conclusionlower systolic efficiency of heart assessed by echocardiography is strongly associated with the severity of NAFLD and unhealthy dietary profile in non‐diabetic subjects.
Feasibility of current physical activity recommendations for school age children
Authors: Perez‐Rodriguez Marcela , Gamez Eli , Talavera Juan , Vega Norma , Barrera Daniela , Pfeffer Frania , Tejero Elizabeth , Melendez Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) recommendation for school children includes performing 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily of which 30 min should be achieved in 2 bouts of 15 min. Few children achieve such recommendation; therefore, studying natural patterns of children's PA is important to propose feasible PA recommendations.ObjectiveDescribe the frequency of different bout lengths across all BMI range in school children.Methods602 Mexican 8 to 10 year old children were recruited. Weight and height were collected. PA was measured by accelerometry for 7 days. MVPA bouts were identified using Meterplus® software. Valid accelerometer wearing time was at least 3 weekdays and 1 weekday during 10 hours each day. MVPA cut point was ≥2296 counts per minute (Evenson).Results441 children had valid accelerometer data. Proportion of low, normal, overweight and obese were 1%, 64.1%, 12.2% and 22.7% respectively. Median daily MPVA for girls was 27.5 min and 37.3 min for boys, 5.4% of girls and 20% of boys achieved 60 min of MVPA. One min bouts were the most frequent (median=8.3) while median frequency of bouts of ≥10 min was 0.4. Bouts of ≥ 5 min were not frequent (median <1).ConclusionChildren's PA patterns does not support feasibility of current recommendations. Further research is needed to determine efficacy of short bouts to promote health and prevent overweight.Grant Funding Source: Mexican Health Foundation
The relationship between body roundness, exercise dose, and exercise type
Authors: Lee Maeda Yuna , Tibbi Mahzabin , Scott Mariah Jacqueline , Islam Syeda 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe body roundness index is a newly developed geometrically induced body shape index. This study determined changes to BRI in response to exercise administrated in varying doses, and types (aerobic versus resistance).MethodsData was pooled from three exercise interventions (N=600) that included measurements which allowed for BRI calculation. The exercise interventions ranged in prescribed exercise dose and type (aerobic versus resistance). Changes in BRI were calculated and compared to changes in body weight, fat mass, insulin levels, and BRI predicted visceral adipose tissue.ResultsAlthough many subjects experienced little or no weight change, the majority of subjects lost body roundness. Although changed BRI was only weakly correlated to changed body fat in women and men, we found a stronger correlation in BRI predicted baseline visceral adipose tissue and exercise induced changed insulin levelsConclusionsAlthough changes in BMI and weight are often the gold standard of providing patients with information in response to exercise, many patients fail to see any change. Changes in BRI reflect an increased improved health and indicate a positive change in body shape, which can motivate patients for continued application of exercise despite no observed weight loss.
The relationship between inherited blood disorders and iron biomarkers among young children in Kenya
Authors: Derby Kiersten Smith , Sullivan Kevin M , Ruth Laird J , Williams Thomas N , Suchdev Parminder S 
Published: June 2021

To determine if inherited blood disorders are independent predictors of iron biomarkers, we conducted a population‐based, cross‐sectional survey of 854 children aged 6–35 months in western Kenya. Participants were tested for sickle cell, alphathalassemia and G6PD deficiency. Ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), and zinc protoporphyrin (ZP) were measured.Inherited blood disorders were common; 19% had sickle cell, 48% had abnormal alpha‐thalassemia genotype, and 7% had G6PD deficiency. Mean unadjusted TfR was highest among children with HbSS genotype compared to HbAS and HbAA (ANOVA p<0.0001), and mean unadjusted ZP was higher among boys with normal genotype compared to those with G6PD deficiency (p=0.02). In multivariate analysis adjusting for sociodemographics, G6PD deficiency was an independent predictor of ZP among boys (beta‐coefficient = −0.17, p=0.04). There was interaction between sickle cell and malaria (p=0.01); malaria was a predictor of ZP among children without sickle cell, but not a predictor of ZP among those with sickle cell.In areas with high burden of inherited blood disorders, genotypic differences may independently affect iron biomarkers, particularly TfR and ZP.Grant Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Wellcome Trust
Human Milk Fat Globule Proteinogenic mRNA Reveal Existence of Alternative Transcripts
Authors: Kothapalli Kumar SD , Zou James S , Hyon Stephanie S , Ojukwu Kinsley E , Bugbee Garrett L , Alluri Rajeev , Park Hi Kyu , Zhang Jiyao , Ran‐Ressler Rinat R , Brenna James Thomas 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionHuman breast milk is a complex oil‐in‐water emulsion, where lipid is primarily carried in milk fat globules (MFG). MFG are the exclusive lipid delivery vehicles to the gastrointestinal tract of breast fed infants. Our main objective was to investigate the appearance of proteinogenic mRNA relevant to lactation and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis in MFG.MethodsFrozen, pooled human breastmilk was thawed, centrifuged, and the least dense (top) fraction was collected. RNA was isolated and mRNA of selected genes was evaluated by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. A total of 40 gene products, including alternative transcripts (ATs) of recently discovered fatty acid desaturases (FADS2 and FADS3) were studied.ResultsAmong the genes investigated, MFGE8, FTH1 and LTF mRNA were the most abundant. FADS2, SCD, FASN, FABP3, ACOX1, SCPX, CSN2, TLR4, LXRA, VDR and PPARD were detected. Five out of seven known FADS3AT were detected. In contrast, no mRNA for FADS1, FADS2AT1, ELOVL2, ELOVL3, ELOVL6, PPARA and PPARG were detected.ConclusionsOur results show that proteinogenic mRNA are very selectively present in MFG. To our knowledge this is the first report to show existence of evolutionarily conserved AT in MFG. The MFG may be a unique mRNA vector for the breast fed infant.
Effects of whey protein supplementation on dietary compensation and muscle energetics in elderly adults
Authors: Clark Kristen L , Sands Kathryn A , McKenzie Steven P , Haddad Jeffrey M , Rietdyk Shirley , Campbell Wayne W 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study assessed the effects of whey protein (WPro) supplementation on dietary compensation (DC) and skeletal muscle gross mechanical efficiency (GME), an index of muscle energetics, in elderly people.MethodsUsing a randomized, crossover design, 12 adults (7 F, 5 M), aged 82 ± 7 y (mean ± SD) completed two 6‐day periods of consuming fruit‐smoothie beverages twice daily (with breakfast and lunch) containing 230 kcal and 25 g WPro or 25 g corn‐derived glucose polymer (CHO) (total 460 kcal/d and 50 g/day WPro or CHO). On day 7 of each period, GME was measured while the subjects were fasting and exercising on a stationary cycle at 1, 10, and 20 watts.ResultsCompared with baseline, total energy intake was ~286 kcal/d higher during WPro and CHO, consistent with incomplete DC to the supplements (~36–40% DC). Total protein intake was 46 ± 13 g/d higher with WPro vs. CHO. During exercise, GME was progressively higher from 1 to 10 to 20 watts. Compared to baseline, GME was not different for WPro or CHO. Among all subjects, the magnitude of DC did not influence the change in GME at 1, 10, or 20 watts.ConclusionFor elderly adults, short‐term use of supplements with whey protein or glucose polymer effectively increase total energy intake due to incomplete dietary compensation. These dietary changes did not influence muscle energetics during low‐level physical activity.Support: NIH CTSI Grant #TR000006
Detectable levels of unmetabolized folic acid in Canadian pregnant women
Authors: Plumptre Lesley , Masih Shannon , Ly Anna , Aufreiter Susanne , Croxford Ruth , Lausman Andrea Y , Berger Howard , O'Connor Deborah L , Kim Young‐In 
Published: June 2021

Unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) in the circulation has been purported to mediate some adverse health outcomes associated with high folic acid (FA) intake. FA supplementation and mandatory FA fortification have significantly increased folate intake and blood levels in Canada. Furthermore, women are advised to take FA supplements before and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. There is limited information regarding the prevalence and level of UMFA in pregnant women consuming FA containing supplements in the postfortification era. We determined the relationship between plasma UMFA and dietary folate intake, FA supplement use and folate blood measurements in 344 Canadian pregnant women participating in the prospective PREFORM Study at 11–16 wks gestation. 90% women reported FA supplement use (≥1mg FA/d) during the first trimester. UMFA determined by LC‐MS/MS was detected in 98% of participants, with a median(range) of 1.17(0.07–244.05nmol/L). UMFA represented 2.7% of total serum folate. Plasma UMFA was correlated with supplemental FA (rs=0.19, p=0.001), serum (rs=0.62, p<0.01) and RBC (rs=0.17, p=0.001) folate concentrations. Further studies are warranted to determine functional ramifications of detectable UMFA and their link to health outcomes of the mother and offspring.Grant Funding Source: CIHR (MOP# 106446)