bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A characteristic MRI finding to diagnose a partial tear of the medial meniscus posterior root: an ocarina sign
Authors: Furumatsu Takayuki , Hiranaka Takaaki , Kintaka Keisuke , Okazaki Yuki , Higashihara Naohiro , Tamura Masanori , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing partial tears of the medial meniscus (MM) posterior root is difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic values involved in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of MM posterior root tears (MMPRTs) and find other MRI-based findings in patients with partial MMPRTs.MethodsEighteen patients who had arthroscopically confirmed partial MMPRTs were included. As a control, 18 patients who underwent partial meniscectomy for other types of MM tears were evaluated. Isolated partial MMPRTs were classified into the following three types: type A, accurate partial stable tear (cleavage < 1/2 of root width); type B, bridged unstable root tear (cleavage ≥ 1/2 of root width); type C, complex horn tear expanded to the root. Conventional MRI-based findings of MMPRTs were evaluated between two groups (n = 23). Posterior root irregularity, bone marrow spot, and ocarina-like appearance showing several condensed circles in triangular meniscal horn (ocarina sign) were also evaluated.ResultsPosterior root irregularity and bone marrow spot were frequently observed in the partial MMPRTs (47.8%), compared with the other MM tears (P = 0.007 and 0.023, respectively). The ocarina sign was detected in 69.6% of patients with partial MMPRTs. A significant difference between two groups was observed in a positive ratio of ocarina sign (P < 0.001). Types A, B, and C of the partial tear/damage were observed in three, eight, and seven patients, respectively. The ocarina sign was the most common MRI finding in each type of partial MMPRT.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a characteristic MRI finding, “ocarina sign,” was frequently observed in patients with partial tear/damage of the MM posterior root. The ocarina sign was the most common MRI finding in several types of partial MMPRTs. Our results suggest that the ocarina sign may be useful to diagnose unnoticed partial MMPRTs.Level of evidence:IV, retrospective comparative study.
The prevalence of burnout among interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and its relation to engaging in unethical behaviors
Authors: Ali Shatha , Marwa Khaldoun , AlRasheedi Malak , AlSuheel Asma , Nabila Mariam , Khan Madiha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Burnout is a work-related physical and/or emotional exhaustion among individuals working in the human service sector. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout among interns training in different hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and its relation to engaging in unethical behaviors.

Results
The study found a high burnout level in 135 (50%) of the interns with minimal overall engagement in unethical behaviors (5.9%). However, patient-related burnout was the only factor found with a highly significant association to engagement in unethical behaviors (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of burnout among interns with a significant association between patient-related burnout and the engagement in unethical behaviors. That was a worrying sign that needs further evaluation in future research, including the other risk factors, to prevent/improve burnout and to limit the unprofessional behaviors.
Rapid-cycle systems modeling to support evidence-informed decision-making during system-wide implementation
Authors: Sheldrick R. Christopher , Cruden Gracelyn , Schaefer Ana J. , Mackie Thomas I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo “model and simulate change” is an accepted strategy to support implementation at scale. Much like a power analysis can inform decisions about study design, simulation models offer ananalytic strategyto synthesize evidence that informs decisions regarding implementation of evidence-based interventions. However, simulation modeling is under-utilized in implementation science. To realize the potential of simulation modeling as animplementation strategy, additional methods are required to assist stakeholders to use models to examine underlying assumptions, consider alternative strategies, and anticipate downstream consequences of implementation. To this end, we propose Rapid-cycle Systems Modeling (RCSM)—a form of group modeling designed to promote engagement with evidence to support implementation. To demonstrate its utility, we provide an illustrative case study with mid-level administrators developing system-wide interventions that aim to identify and treat trauma among children entering foster care.MethodsRCSM is an iterative method that includes three steps per cycle: (1) identify and prioritize stakeholder questions, (2) develop or refine a simulation model, and (3) engage in dialogue regarding model relevance, insights, and utility for implementation. For the case study, 31 key informants were engaged in step 1, a prior simulation model was adapted for step 2, and six member-checking group interviews (n= 16) were conducted for step 3.ResultsStep 1 engaged qualitative methods to identify and prioritize stakeholder questions, specifically identifying a set of inter-related decisions to promote implementing trauma-informed screening. In step 2, the research team created a presentation to communicate key findings from the simulation model that addressed decisions about programmatic reach, optimal screening thresholds to balance demand for treatment with supply, capacity to start-up and sustain screening, and availability of downstream capacity to provide treatment for those with indicated need. In step 3, member-checking group interviews with stakeholders documented the relevance of the model results to implementation decisions, insight regarding opportunities to improve system performance, and potential to inform conversations regarding anticipated implications of implementation choices.ConclusionsBy embedding simulation modeling in a process of stakeholder engagement, RCSM offers guidance to realize the potential of modeling not only as an analytic strategy, but also as an implementation strategy.
Preparation and characterization of BSA as a model protein loaded chitosan nanoparticles for the development of protein-/peptide-based drug delivery system
Authors: Yadav Preeti , Yadav Awadh Bihari 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to develop protein-/peptide-loaded nanoparticle-based delivery system, which can efficiently deliver therapeutic molecules to the lung via pulmonary delivery. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method, and bovine serum albumin was used as a model protein. These nanoparticles were characterized for size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, cell cytotoxicity, uptake study, release profile and size distribution and uniformity. The chemical interaction of chitosan and protein was studied by XRD and FTIR. The integrity assessment of encapsulated protein into nanoparticle was studied by native and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis.

Results
The size and zeta potential of BSA nanoparticles were 193.53 ± 44.97 to 336.36 ± 94.63 and 12.73 ± 0.41 to 18.33 ± 0.96, respectively, with PDI values of 0.35–0.45. The encapsulation efficiency was in the range of 80.73 ± 6.37% to 92.34 ± 1.72%. The cumulative release of the BSA from the nanoparticles was 72.56 ± 6.67% in 2 weeks. The BSA-loaded nanoparticles showed good uptake and no significant cytotoxicity observed into the A549 cell line. In this study, it was also observed that during nanoparticles’ synthesis protein structure and integrity is not compromised. The nanoparticles showed controlled and sustained release with initial burst release. In TEM images, it was shown that nanoparticles’ distribution is uniform within nanometre range.

Conclusion
From this study, it was concluded that nanoparticles prepared by this method are suitable to deliver protein/peptide into the cells without any degradation of protein during process of nanoparticle fabrication.
Computational guided identification of potential leads from Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. as inhibitors for cellular entry and viral replication of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zothantluanga James H. , Gogoi Neelutpal , Shakya Anshul , Chetia Dipak , Lalthanzara H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in 2019 and is still an on-going pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 uses a human protease called furin to aid in cellular entry and its main protease (Mpro) to achieve viral replication. By targeting these proteins, scientists are trying to identify phytoconstituents of medicinal plants as potential therapeutics for COVID-19. Therefore, our study was aimed to identify promising leads as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mproand furin using the phytocompounds reported to be isolated fromAcacia pennata(L.) Willd.ResultsA total of 29 phytocompounds were reported to be isolated fromA. pennata. Molecular docking simulation studies revealed 9 phytocompounds as having the top 5 binding affinities towards SARS-CoV-2 Mproand furin. Among these phytocompounds, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (C_18), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (C_4), and isovitexin (C_5) have the highest drug score. However, C_18 and C_4 were not selected for further studies due to bioavailability issues and low synthetic accessibility. Based on binding affinity, molecular properties, drug-likeness, toxicity parameters, ligand interactions, bioavailability, synthetic accessibility, structure–activity relationship, and comparative analysis of our experimental findings with other studies, C_5 was identified as the most promising phytocompound. C_5 interacted with the active site residues of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro(GLU166, ARG188, GLN189) and furin (ASN295, ARG298, HIS364, THR365). Many phytocompounds that interacted with these amino acid residues were reported by other studies as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mproand furin. The oxygen atom at position 18, the –OH group at position 19, and the 6-C-glucoside were identified as the pharmacophores in isovitexin (also known as apigenin-6-C-glucoside). Other in-silico studies reported apigenin as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mproand apigenin-o-7-glucuronide was reported to show stable conformation during MD simulations with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.ConclusionThe present study found isovitexin as the most promising phytocompound to potentially inhibit the cellular entry and viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. We also conclude that compounds having oxygen atom at position 18 (C-ring), –OH group at position 19 (A-ring), and 6-C-glucoside attached to the A-ring at position 3 on a C6–C3–C6flavonoid scaffold could offer the best alternative to develop new leads against SARS-CoV-2.
Disciplining the Bodies of Single Women
Authors: Martin Morag 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStarting in 1802, the Napoleonic government promoted the education of enlightened midwives through both the Parisian Maternité and departmental schools. The Gers, in the southwest, repeatedly tried and failed to open a school that would graduate well-trained midwives. Its failure by 1839 rested on the male authorities' inability to conceive of and support spaces where three interrelated groups of women could cohabitate safely in this rural and Catholic department. Young, innocent midwifery students needed protection from the mostly unwed mothers available as bodies for practice. In turn, both the unwed mothers and the midwifery students, due to their knowledge of procreation, threatened the purity of the nursing sisters who controlled charitable spaces. Ultimately, despite attempts to redefine the bodies of unwed mothers and reconfigure the spaces to run a legitimate school, the authorities abandoned the goal of providing skilled midwives for the women in labor who needed them most.A partir de 1802, le gouvernement napoléonien a promu la formation de sages-femmes à travers l’école de la Maternité à Paris et des écoles départementales. Le Gers a essayé à plusieurs reprises, mais en vain, d'ouvrir une école qui formerait des sages-femmes diplômées. Son échec repose sur l'incapacité des autorités masculines de ce département rural et catholique à concevoir la coopération et la cohabitation de trois groupes de femmes : les étudiantes sages-femmes, les religieuses, et les filles-mères. Les étudiantes sages-femmes—jeunes, innocentes, et célibataires—avaient besoin de protection contre la contamination morale des filles-mères dont les corps étaient nécessaires pour l'instruction. A leur tour, les filles-mères et les étudiantes, en raison de leur connaissance de la procréation, menaçaient la pureté des sœurs infirmières qui contrôlaient les hospices. En fin de compte, malgré les tentatives de redéfinir le corps des mères célibataires et de réaménager les hospices pour créer une école légitime, les autorités ont fini par abandonner l'objectif de former des sages-femmes diplômées pour servir les femmes en couches qui en avaient le plus besoin.
Convergent validity and reliability of a novel repeated agility protocol in junior rugby league players
Authors: Nicholls Anthony , Leicht Anthony , Connor Jonathan , Halliday Aaron , Doma Kenji 
Published: October 2021

Background: : Rugby league involves repeated, complex, and high intensity change-of-direction (COD) movements with no existing test protocols that specifically assesses these multiple physical fitness components simultaneously. Thus, the current study examined the convergent validity of a repeated Illinois Agility (RIA) protocol with the repeated T-agility protocol, and the repeatability of the RIA protocol in adolescent Rugby League players. Furthermore, aerobic capacity and anaerobic and COD performance were assessed to determine whether these physical qualities were important contributors to the RIA protocol. Methods: Twenty-two junior Rugby League players completed 4 sessions with each separated by 7 days. Initially, physical fitness characteristics at baseline (i.e., Beep test,, countermovement jump, 30-m sprint, single-effort COD and repeated sprint ability [RSA]) were assessed. The second session involved a familiarisation of RIA and repeated T-agility test (RTT) protocols. During the third and fourth sessions, participants completed the RIA and RTT protocols in a randomised, counterbalanced design to examine the validity and test-retest reliability of these protocols. Results: For convergent validity, significant correlations were identified between RIA and RTT performances (r= >0.80; p<0.05). For contributors to RIA performance, significant correlations were identified between all baseline fitness characteristics and RIA (r = >0.71; p < 0.05). Reliability of the RIA protocol was near perfect with excellent intra-class correlation coefficient (0.87-0.97), good ratio limits of agreement (×/÷ 1.05-1.06) and low coefficient of variations (1.8-2.0%). Conclusions: The current study has demonstrated the RIA to be a simple, valid and reliable field test for RL athletes that can provide coaches with information about their team’s ability to sustain high intensity, multi-directional running efforts.
Medicinal properties of Morus alba for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Morales Ramos Jorge Guillermo , Esteves Pairazamán Ambrocio Teodoro , Mocarro Willis María Ema Soledad , Collantes Santisteban Samuel , Caldas Herrera Emma 
Published: October 2021

Background: The objective of this review was to evaluate the medicinal potential of Morus alba leaves on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The research question was: what is the therapeutic potential of Morus alba leaves for the control of DM2? Methods: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The included studies were extracted from Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Google Scholar; January 2015 to July 2021. Key search terms were MeSH and DeCS: Morus alba, mulberry, hypoglycemic agent. The inclusion criteria were: studies in rats administered Morus alba leaf extracts; studies that included the dimensions of lipidemia and glycemia; studies that included indicators such as fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Exclusion criteria: studies in which Morus alba leaves were administered with other plants; studies with other parts of the Morus alba plant; proteomic studies, cancer, duplicate studies, in vitro studies, and evaluation of included studies. All included investigations were evaluated for biases. Results: Of 253 studies found, 29 were included. The extracts of Morus alba leaves at the phytochemical level improve glucose uptake. Chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, present in the leaves of Morus alba, have hypoglycemic properties and an ameliorating effect on diabetic nephropathy. This leaf has pharmacological effects such as glucose absorption, insulin secretion production, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity management. Conclusions: Morus alba leaves have pharmacological effects on DM2 that include glucose absorption, production of insulin secretion, antioxidant agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity control. Beyond these results, there is a lack of studies on the potential and synergistic effects of Morus alba leaves' components, limiting the possibility of a more effective therapy using the plant's leaves.
New Discovery of Covid-19 Natural-Based Antivirus Herbal Supplement Products from Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) Extract by Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling
Authors: Simbala Herny Emma Inonta , Nurkolis Fahrul , Mayulu Nelly , Rotty Linda Wilhelma Ancella 
Published: October 2021

Background: Pinang yaki has bioactive compounds that have potential as a new herbal supplement. A better understanding of the bioactive compounds of pinang yaki using untargeted metabolomic profiling studies will provide clearer insight into the health benefits of pinang yaki and in particular its potential for the therapy and prevention of Covid-19. Methods: Fresh samples of pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) are obtained from forests in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Samples were used for untargeted metabolomics analysis by UPLC-MS. Results: Based on an untargeted metabolomic profiling study of pinang yaki, 2504 compounds in ESI- and 2645 compounds in ESI+ were successfully obtained. After the analysis, 356 compounds in ESI- and 543 compounds in ESI+ were identified successfully. Major compounds Alpha-Chlorohydrin (PubChem ID: 7290) and Tagatose (PubChem ID: 439312) were found in ESI+ and ESI-. Discussion: The Top 10 metabolites from pinang yaki extract (ESI+) juga have been indicated in preventing SARS Cov2 infection and have exhibited good neuroprotective immunity. Benzothiazole (PubChem ID: 7222), L-Isoleucine (PubChem ID: 6306), D-Glucono-Delta-Lactone (PubChem ID: 736), Diethylpyrocarbonate (PubChem ID: 3051), Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) amine (PubChem ID: 7791), Cinnamic Acid (PubChem ID: 444539), and Trigonelline (PubChem ID: 5570) also had potential effects as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Covid19. Conclusion: Untargeted metabolomic profiling showed many bioactive compounds contained in pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) extract. The top 10 compounds have been identified and explored for their potential benefits as anti-Covid19 supplement products.
Midwives' perceptions of disrespect and abuse of women during labour and childbirth in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Nankamba Namayipo Stella Wamukankamba , Ngoma Catherine Mubita , Makoleka Maureen Masumo 
Published: October 2021

Background/Aims Disrespect and abuse is a frequent occurrence in labour wards around the world. Disrespect and abuse during care by health workers can prevent pregnant women from seeking care during labour and childbirth, which can lead to increased maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This study aimed to explore midwives' perceptions of disrespect and abuse of women during labour and childbirth in Lusaka. Methods A concurrent convergent mixed-method approach was used for this study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire given to 217 midwives actively practicing in maternal health services across Lusaka randomly sampled for the quantitative arm of the study. The data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, with P<0.05 used to indicate significance. For the qualitative component of the study, 13 purposively selected key informants were interviewed with an interview guide. Results Most of the respondents (88.5%) perceived disrespect and abuse of women during labour and childbirth as a negative phenomenon. However, almost half (40.1%) had provided care which was disrespectful and abusive during their practice and the majority (68.7%) had observed disrespect and abuse by other midwives. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis found an association between midwives' perception of disrespect and abuse and witnessing or participating in disrespectful and abusive behaviour during practice. In the qualitative arm of the study, midwives reported that disrespect and abuse occurred in labour wards across Lusaka, demonstrating an urgent need to prevent such practices. Midwives suggested actions such as increased sensitisation and training of midwives on respectful maternity care and improved staffing levels as ways to prevent this practice Conclusions Disrespect and abuse of women during labour and childbirth should be prevented. Increasing health education and training for both the public and midwives on respectful maternity care can help to achieve this goal. Midwives need to be motivated through good working environments, increased wages and increased time to rest while working, as the heavy workload was found to contribute to disrespect and abuse in labour wards.
Translation and validation of the first time fathers questionnaire into Persian
Authors: Dodel Khadijeh , Ozgoli Giti , Premberg Aasa , Ghasemi Nillofar , Mobarakabadi Sedigheh Sedigh , Pazandeh Farzaneh 
Published: October 2021

Background/Aims The presence of fathers during labour and birth can have favourable outcomes for the health of the mother, father and infant. However, there are few studies on fathers' experiences while being present during labour and birth, which necessitates the development of a valid questionnaire for this purpose. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the first time fathers questionnaire into Persian. Methods A total of 220 first-time fathers at private midwifery counseling centers were given a translated questionnaire to complete. Forward-backward translation of the questionnaire was conducted and content, face and construct validity were examined. After extracting factors and item distribution, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. Results A valid 19-item questionnaire with four dimensions, ‘worry’, ‘acceptance and support during labor’, ‘support during and after birth’, and ‘preparedness’ was obtained. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. Conclusions The Persian questionnaire is valid and reliable for examining the experiences of first-time fathers. It can be employed to evaluate fathers' experiences during labour and birth in midwifery services planning to promote quality of care during childbirth.