bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of mortality attributable to COVID-19: a statistical model for monitoring COVID-19 and seasonal influenza, Denmark, spring 2020
Authors: Nielsen Jens , Rod Naja Hulvej , Vestergaard Lasse S , Lange Theis 
Published: February 2021

Background
Timely monitoring of COVID-19 impact on mortality is critical for rapid risk assessment and public health action.

Aim
Building upon well-established models to estimate influenza-related mortality, we propose a new statistical Attributable Mortality Model (AttMOMO), which estimates mortality attributable to one or more pathogens simultaneously (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses), while adjusting for seasonality and excess temperatures.

Methods
Data from Nationwide Danish registers from 2014-week(W)W27 to 2020-W22 were used to exemplify utilities of the model, and to estimate COVID-19 and influenza attributable mortality from 2019-W40 to 2020-W20.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 was registered in Denmark from 2020-W09. Mortality attributable to COVID-19 in Denmark increased steeply, and peaked in 2020-W14. As preventive measures and national lockdown were implemented from 2020-W12, the attributable mortality started declining within a few weeks. Mortality attributable to COVID-19 from 2020-W09 to 2020-W20 was estimated to 16.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12.0 to 20.4) per 100,000 person-years. The 2019/20 influenza season was mild with few deaths attributable to influenza, 3.2 (95% CI: 1.1 to 5.4) per 100,000 person-years.

Conclusion
AttMOMO estimates mortality attributable to several pathogens simultaneously, providing a fuller picture of mortality by COVID-19 during the pandemic in the context of other seasonal diseases and mortality patterns. Using Danish data, we show that the model accurately estimates mortality attributable to COVID-19 and influenza, respectively. We propose using standardised indicators for pathogen circulation in the population, to make estimates comparable between countries and applicable for timely monitoring.
Percepciones de la interacción y la comunicación en el trabajo colaborativo con TIC, comparativa de los alumnos licenciatura en Comunicación y Periodismo y de la licenciatura en Desarrollo local de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro.
Authors: Rode Villa Carlos Alberto , Amezcua Vanesa Del Carmen , Guerrero Ramírez Sandra Luz 
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del trabajo es conocer la manera en que se dan los procesos de comunicación y las herramientas digitales que utilizan los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Comunicación y Periodismo y de Desarrollo Local de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro en México, al trabajar colaborativamente. A través de dos grupos focales con alumnos de diferentes semestres; se investigó sobre dos dimensiones de la colaboración: la comunicación y el diálogo mediante el uso de herramientas tecnológicas. Se encontró que existen dificultades al comunicarse y dialogar cuando trabajan de manera colaborativa, no saben hacerlo; y que las herramientas tecnológicas dificultan más este proceso. Por otro lado la falta de infraestructura en las zonas rurales hace complicado el uso de las tecnologías para colaborar lo que priva a algunos de esta experiencia. Con base en los resultados se concluye que las instituciones educativas deben apoyar la adopción de estrategias didácticas que permitan desarrollar y evaluar habilidades colaborativas que generen un verdadero diálogo que fortalezca las actividades del aprendizaje colaborativo sin importar si se usan o no, las herramientas tecnológicas. Es importante el papel de las Universidades y el gobierno en la cobertura de la infraestructura para el uso de internet.
Nickel silicide formation with rapid thermal treatment in the heat balance mode
Authors: Pilipenko V. A. , Solovjov Ja. A. , Gaiduk P. I. 
Published: February 2021

The formation of nickel silicide layers on (111)-Si substrates during rapid thermal annealing in the heat balance mode was studied by the Rutherford backscattering method, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electrophysical measurements. Nickel films of about 70 nm thickness were deposited by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The rapid thermal treatment was carried out in a heat balance mode by irradiating the substrates backside with a non-coherent light flux of quartz halogen lamps in the nitrogen medium for 7 seconds up to the temperature range of 200 to 550 °C. The redistribution of nickel and silicon atoms to monosilicide NiSi composition starts already at a temperature of 300 °С and almost ends at a temperature of 400 °С. In the same temperature range, the orthorhombic NiSi phase with an average grain size of about 0.05–0.1 μm is formed. At a rapid thermal treatment temperature of 300 °C, two phases of silicides (Ni2 Si and NiSi) are formed, while a thin layer of unreacted Ni is retained on the surface. This fact can be explained by the high heating rate at the initial annealing stage, at which the temperature conditions of the NiSi phase formation occur earlier than the entire Ni layer manages to turn into the Ni2 Si phase. The layers with a simultaneous presence of three phases are characterized by a high roughness of the silicide-silicon interface. The dependence of the specific resistivity of nickel silicide layers shows an increase to the values of 26–30 μOhm · cm in the range of rapid thermal treatment temperatures of 200–250 °C and a subsequent decrease to the values of about 15 μOhm · cm at a rapid thermal treatment temperature of 400 °C. This value of specific resistivity is characteristic of the high conductivity of the NiSi phase and correlates well with the results of structure studies.
Methods of drug therapy for severe dry eye disease
Authors: Semak G. R. 
Published: February 2021

Treatment of chronic dystrophic diseases of the ocular surface always requires concomitant correction of severe dry eye disease (DED). The purpose of this publication was to analyze the literature data illustrating the current trends in the development of drug therapy for severe dry eye disease of non-Shegren’s etiology.The search for thematic publications was carried out in the PubMed database. The query “(dry-eye-disease AND treatment) NOT Sjögren” (filter: clinical trials, randomized controlled clinical trials, meta-analyzes) found 56 results since 2019.The review included 11 publications describing the results of clinical studies of the effectiveness of drug methods in the treatment of severe DED.In the treatment of severe DED, the prevailing direction of research is the relief of inflammation in the ocular surface tissues. Among the non-steroidal immunomodulatory drugs, the majority of studies were dedicated to cyclosporine, including its nanoemulsion form, diquafosol and bevacizumab. Their effectiveness and safety have been proven. In the Republic of Belarus, there is no unified approach to the management of patients with severe and comorbid DED. The main focus is on the activation of regenerative processes. Platelet rich plasma and subconjunctival administration of low molecular weight sodium hyaluronate demonstrated high efficiency.
Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the bone marrow and placenta
Authors: Zhernasechanka H. A. , Isaikina Ya. I. , Filipovich T. V. , Liakh E. G. 
Published: February 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a perspective resource for cell biotechnology. However the question of chondrogenic and osteogenic capacity of MSC of different origin remains under study.The aim of this study was to analyze the osteo-chondrogenic differentiation potential of MSC obtained from the bone marrow and placenta. The results of our studies have indicated that bone marrow-derived and placenta-derived MSC showed a chondrogenic potential in vitro after a chondrogenic induction with specific differentiation media. But for bone marrowderived MSC, the chondrogenic program was realized by expression of collagens (Coll2, Coll10), while in placenta-derived MSC cultures we found a progressive increase in COMP and Ver expression, so bone marrow-derived MSC is more preferable for use in cartilage tissue engineering. Regarding the results on alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, bone marrowderived MSC showed a more significant osteogenic potential compared to placenta-derived MSC. Bone marrow-derived MSC in the composition of fibrin gel after osteogenic induction on the 14th day exhibited the activity of alkaline phosphatase, calcium depositions inside the cells and extracellular matrix, the increase in Sp7 and DMP expression.
Variability of anterolateral ligament on MRI images – lack of survey standardization or anatomical variants?
Authors: Kostrub O. O. , Кotiuk V. V. , Poliachenko Iu. V. , Gerasimenko M. A. , Blonskyi R. I. , Zasadnyuk I. A. 
Published: February 2021

The anterolateral ligament is a rotational stabilizer of the knee joint. It is not always clear what we actually see on MRI in the area of anterolateral ligament (ALL).The aim of the study was to evaluate the ALL variants on MRI images to summarize their common features and differences, and to try to find an explanation for the phenomenon of the ALL variability.200 series of MRI images of knee joints were analyzed. The presence of the ALL, the number of its layers, the relation to the joint capsule, and other anatomical features were assessed.The ALL was visualized on MRI at least partially in 88 % of cases. At least partially two-layer structure was detected in 68 % of all 200 MRI series. The wavy appearance of the certain portions of the anterolateral ligament was observed in some normal knee joints without a history of injuries.Determined that the ALL is a separate anatomical element of the knee joint that has a variable, but in most cases two-layered, anatomical structure and can be detected on MRI in at least 88 % of cases. Axial sections help to identify ALL in complex cases and allow analyzing its anatomy, but adding little in the diagnosis of ALL injury.
Comprehensive prognosis of the consequences of secondary encephalitis in children
Authors: Niyozov Sh. T. , Djurabekova A. T. , Shomurodova D. S. 
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the analysis of a study of children with secondary encephalitis, depending on the beginning of the acute period of which more than 6 months – a year has passed, the degree of neurological disorders, neuroimaging comparison and prediction depending on these indicators for timely neurometabolic therapy.The purpose of our study was to study the complex prognosis of the consequences of secondary encephalitis in children. We observed 58 children with a consequence of encephalitis.The total number of girls is 37 %, boys are 63 % which are the main group of patients. The control group of children are healthy identical in age 3‒10 years. All children admitted to the hospital underwent a standard examination, anamnesis, clinical and neurological examination, and neuroimaging (MRI, CT) studies. In addition, all children were determined on electromyography somatosensory evoked potential, including at admission, as well as at discharge.The results of our study revealed that the prognosis only for clinical and neurological disorders gives 66.2 %, with the addition of neuroimaging assessment increased to 79 %, and meningial-somatosensory indicators still increases the forecast by 12 %, which is very important for timely neurometabolic therapy. In turn, the prognosis of the outcome of encephalitis in children will allow timely reduction of residual neurological manifestations.
Diaspora and Cultural Identity: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Bhandari Nagendra Bahadur 
Published: February 2021

The theorists vary in their conceptualizations of diaspora and cultural identity of immigrants. Broadly speaking, the theorizations of diaspora can be categorized into four different groups with their focus on diverse aspects of immigrants’ lives. The first classical phase describes the forced migration of immigrants including victimhood diaspora of Jewish, Africans and Armenians. The second conceptualization incorporates historical, cultural and social diversities of people living in the diaspora. Critiquing the second phase, the third group of theorists deconstructs bipolar notions of the home and host country, and celebrates the inconsistencies, and fluidities of immigrants’ identities in diasporic third space. In contrast, the fourth conceptualizations emphasizes on relevance of the origin and historical exploitation of people of poor countries. Both the historical experiences and present negotiations play decisive roles in the formation of cultural identity of immigrants. The present article briefly reviews different conceptualizations of the diaspora and cultural identity of immigrants.
Ludzie w zawieszeniu (Siergiej Lebiediew, Dzieci Kronosa)
Authors: Zywert Aleksandra 
Published: February 2021

In the novel The Goose Fritz, Sergei Lebedev puts the spotlight on the still-relevant problem of the history of Russian Germans, a question which adds depth to discussion about the complex past of the country. Russian Germans, as the author portrays them, live in a state of suspension, bearing a mark of foreignness in both Russia and Germany. Functioning almost from the very beginning between two totalitarian regimes (tsarist and then Soviet regimes on one side, and on the other, fascism), each of which forces people to divest themselves of their own past in favor of an identity aligned with the more “correct” politics of the time and place, Russian Germans have lost the memory of generations and remain “an uprooted people”. In this context, Lebedev’s story concerns human nature as such, as well as a problem of great importance for contemporary Russia: the status of the German minority and the prospect of their migration to Germany.
Поколение заката СССР в романе Алексея Никитина Victory Park
Authors: Bortnowski Antoni 
Published: February 2021

The subject of this article is the presentation of Soviet reality in Alexei nikitin’s novel, Victory Park. The Russian-speaking Ukrainian writer presents in this work a wide panorama of the life of the inhabitants of left-bank kiev in the first half of the 1980s. The generation of the late Stagnation Period lives in a world of discre- dited ideas, omnipresent absurdity, and hypocrisy. The aim of the article is to try to locate the sources of widespread apathy and hopelessness in nikitin’s novels, which, to a large extent, shape the young generation trying to find their way in a stagnant reality. The key to understanding the life attitudes of the protagonists is the analysis of the specificity of kiev reality, which is the dominant feature of the world presented in the Victory Park.
Innovative Base Die Debug Technique with TSV Wirebond for 3D Stack-Die Devices
Authors: Chuang Wen-Hsien , Tong Tom , Oh May Ling , Ryu Hyuk Ju , Xu Di , Kumar Swaran , Zhao Shuai , Huening Jennifer , Chen Chia-Yi , Ladwig Charles W , Foster Joshua D , Badger Lacey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the 3D stack-die technology, top die and base die are stacked together with micro-bumps for die-to-die interconnection and a through silicon via (TSV) for die-to-package connection. This technology provides tremendous flexibility as designers seek to "mix and match" technology IP blocks with various memory and I/O elements in novel device form factors. Even though the lock-in thermal detection technique had been demonstrated as a useful debug technique to detect defects on packages or pin related fails on 3D stack-die configuration, it is difficult to apply this technique to do functional debug. This paper presents a novel base die debug technique with TSV wirebond for 3D stack-die devices. A comprehensive study on the base die debug flow with real failing cases is also presented. Base die debug techniques will need to continue to be innovated to provide complete debug solutions for such platform.
Fault Isolation of Resistive/Open 3-D Wafer Bonding Interconnects by Thermal Laser Stimulation and Light-Induced Capacitance Alteration
Authors: Jacobs K.J.P. , Kim S.W. , De Wolf I. , Beyne E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents novel optical beam-based defect localization approaches for resistive and open failed wafer-towafer (W2W) bonding interconnects for 3-D integration. The use of an etch back process in combination with thermal laser stimulation (TLS) and light-induced capacitance alteration (LICA) using visible laser excitation enables us to accurately pinpoint defects in high-density W2W interconnect structures down to a pitch of 2.2 µm. We confirm our results by focusedion beam (FIB) cross sectioning.
Addressing Failures in Advanced Packaging Through a Correlative Workflow
Authors: Leslie Neel , Lai Brian , Lee Heebeom , Lee Mingi , Kang Christopher H. , Patakova Zuzana , Zelenka Frantisek , Varslot Trond 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Correlation across applications and imaging platforms is essential and brings increased insurance for fault isolation in advance of destructive imaging. This paper demonstrates an approach for a detailed advanced packaging defect isolation and analysis workflow. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed workflow, a 28nm flip-chip was used as a test vehicle. By using this workflow, the yield in determining the fault location has increased from 60% to over 85%. To further improve the result, a surface charging mitigation scheme was used and the resulting measured correlative offset between the two systems was found to be less than 10um. This creates novel opportunities in reducing the size of the cross-section and increasing the overall throughput to find the defect, with high confidence. This workflow creates unique abilities in fault localization and analysis as it can detect both opens and shorts between the different techniques that are employed.
Laser Ablation for Throughput Increase in Large Volume Semiconductor Failure Analysis Tasks
Authors: Tuček Marek , Búran Martin , Váňa Rostislav , Hladík Lukáš , Oboňa Jozef Vincenc 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the semiconductor industry demands higher throughput for failure analysis, there is a constant need to rapidly speed up the sample preparation workflows. Here we present extended capabilities of the standard Xe plasma Focused Ion Beam failure analysis workflows by implementing a standalone laser ablation tool. Time-to-sample advantages of such workflow is shown on four distinct applications: cross-sectioning of a large solder ball, cross-sectioning of a deeply buried wire bond, cross-sectioning of the device layer of an OLED display, and removing the MEMS silicon cap to access underlying structures. In all of these workflows we have shown significant decrease in required process time while altogether avoiding the disadvantages of corresponding mechanical and chemical methods.
Knowledge-Based Object Localization in Scanning Electron Microscopy Images for Hardware Assurance
Authors: Lu Hangwei , Wilson Ronald , Vashistha Nidish , Asadizanjani Navid , Tehranipoor Mark , Woodard Damon L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Object localization is an essential step in image-based hardware assurance applications to navigate the view to the target location. Existing localization methods are well-developed for applications in many other research fields; however, limited study has been conducted to explore an accurate yet efficient solution in hardware assurance domain. To this end, this paper discusses the challenges of leveraging existing object localization methods from three aspects using the example scenario of IC Trojan detection and proposes a novel knowledge-based object localization method. The proposed method is inspired by the 2D string search algorithm; it also couples a mask window to preserve target topology, which enables multi-target localization. Evaluations are conducted on 61 test cases from five images of three node-technologies. The results validate the accuracy, time-efficiency, and the generalizability of the proposed method of locating multi-target from SEM images for hardware assurance applications.
Word Line Defect Localization Methods in 2D NAND Flash
Authors: Chang Chung-Huan , Hsu Pei-Ning , Chung Yu-Min , Lian Nan-Tzu , Yang Ta-Hone , Chen Kuang-Chao , Lu Chih-Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, two analysis methods for word line (WL) defect localization in NAND flash memory array are presented. One is to use the Emission Microscope (EMMI) and Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (OBIRCH) to analyze the device through backside, which has no risk of damage during sample preparation. Depending on the I-V characteristics of defects, different analysis tools can be applied. The second method is to analyze a device defect location that is hard to detect through backside analysis. The precise defect site can be localized by Electron Beam Induce Resistance Change (EBIRCH) [1,2], and the defect profile can be observed. The large memory array in NAND flash structure leads to the wide sample movement during EBIRCH analysis. The sub-stage movement function used successfully solves this problem.
Efficient Identification of Wafer Edge’s Defect with Volume Diagnosis Analysis and Plasma-FIB Planar Deprocessing
Authors: Song Hoseok , Kang Dong Hae , Park Jaeseok , Choi Jeongun , Cho Seongjun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the failure analysis (FA) of modern semiconductor logic device manufactured in foundry fab, efficient identification of wafer edge’s defect was studied by using volume diagnosis analysis and plasma-focused ion beam (FIB) planar deprocessing. As the chip from wafer edge has multiple defective locations, there is the limitation of the conventional FA work to identify them. Here, we used volume diagnosis analysis to identify the multiple defective locations within chip and plasma-FIB planar deprocessing to delayer those locations and find out defects. The actual FA work verified that new workflow successfully identified the different defects from different layers from the chip of wafer edge and efficiently accelerated the quantity of FA results, importantly leading to more representative status of inline defect.
Addressing Failure Analysis Challenges in Advanced Packages and MEMS using a Novel Phase and Darkfield X-Ray Imaging System
Authors: Lau S.H. , Gul Sheraz , Zan Guibin , Vine David , Lewis Sylvia , Yun Wenbing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently gaps in non-destructive 2D and 3D imaging in PFA for advanced packages and MEMS exist due to lack of resolution to resolve sub-micron defects and the lack of contrast to image defects within the low Z materials. These low Z defects in advanced packages include sidewall delamination between Si die and underfill, bulk cracks in the underfill, in organic substrates, Redistribution Layer, RDL; Si die cracks; voids within the underfill and in the epoxy. Similarly, failure modes in MEMS are often within low Z materials, such as Si and polymers. Many of these are a result of mechanical shock resulting in cracks in structures, packaging fractures, die adhesion issues or particles movements into critical locations. Most of these categories of defects cannot be detected non-destructively by existing techniques such as C-SAM or microCT (micro x-ray computed tomography) and XRM (X-ray microscope). We describe a novel lab-based X-ray Phase contrast and Dark-field/Scattering Contrast system with the potential to resolve these types of defects. This novel X-ray microscopy has spatial resolution of 0.5 um in absorption contrast and with the added capability of Talbot interferometry to resolve failure issues which are related to defects within organic and low Z components.