bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Gaps in Police Narratives
Authors: Jr Nicolas Tan Pujante, 
Published: August 2021

Report writing is a major form of communication in the law enforcement; hence, professional writing skills are mandatory among the police. Though empirical studies suggest that police officers are confronted with inadequate report writing skills, little is known about how the report writing difficulties of the police manifest in their written narratives. Hence, using qualitative inquiry, this study analyzed, described, and interpreted the gaps or errors in written police narratives. One hundred twenty (120) police blotter narratives written by police investigators in three municipal police stations were analyzed to look into errors in grammar, mechanics, and lexis. Findings revealed that grammatical gaps are composed of errors on sentence construction, verb usage, connective, pronoun, plural noun, and preposition; mechanical gaps include errors on punctuation, capitalization, and spelling; and lexical gaps are inappropriate word choice and improper word form. These findings offer manifold academic and professional intervention ideas that would help address the report writing issues among the police.
Psychological Impact of Diabetic Care on Satisfaction and Quality of Life of Diabetes Patients Attending Endocrinology Clinic, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Olajumoke Afolalu, Olamide , Damilola Akinwale, Oladayo , Omobolaji Makinde, Scholastica , Gbadebo Olawale, Stephen , Olufunmilola Folami, Roseline , Janet Orunmuyi, Idowu 
Published: August 2021

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, debilitating and chronic illness that presents substantial challenges to every individual living with the condition. The impact of DM reaches far beyond the physical symptoms of the disease, often the emotional distress and psychosocial impact on the quality of life (QoL) of these patients complicates the effective management of the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of psychological experience and satisfaction with diabetic care on quality of life of diabetes patients.
Study Design: This was a descriptive research survey design carried out among diabetes patients attending endocrinology clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria between August to December 2020.
Methodology: Sample size determination was obtained using Taro Yamane’s formula and sample consisted of one hundred and ten (110) diabetic patients attending endocrinology clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. Samples were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using modified Kessler psychological distress scale and Diabetes Quality of life Instrument and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages and table. Inferential statistics of chi-square was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The results showed that more than half of the patients had poor psychological experience 61(55.5%) with diabetic care, though majority were satisfied 66(60.0%) with diabetic care but demonstrated poor quality of life 65(59.1%). The result also showed a significant relationship between psychological experience and quality of life (x2=5.564; df=1; p-value=0.018), level of satisfaction with diabetic care and quality of life (x2=25.280; df=2; p-value=0.000), level of satisfaction with diabetic care and psychological experience of diabetes patients (x2=25.185; df=1; p-value=0.000).
Conclusion: Promotion of psychological wellbeing of diabetes patients and quality outcome of diabetic care as well as patient-centered psychological care are essential by providing care that is respectful and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs and values.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccine among the General Population in the Hail Province, KSA
Authors: Khaja Azharuddin Sajid Syed , Zafar Mubashir , Al-Shammari Meshari , Al-Shammary Khaled , Al-Rabie Abdulaziz , Al-Tamimi Abdulaziz , Al-Juhani Abdullah , Al-Harbi Abdulrahman , Al-Nabri Akram , Al-Sulami Lafi , Al-Enazi Sami , Al-Rashidi Yasser , Al-Shammari Ziyad , Ali Syed Abrar , Saleem Mohd. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: Coronavirus infection has caused disease at the pandemic level with several deaths worldwide and affected all aspects of human life. One way to minimize virus transmission and its effects is to perform mass vaccination within the general population so that herd immunity is developed against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, low health literacy and vaccine hesitancy are potential threats in achieving this. The present study is designed to measure the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception levels towards COVID-19 and assess public perception and acceptance levels of the vaccine among the general population in the Hail province of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A bilingual, community-based questionnaire, consisting of the respondents’ socio-demographic profile, COVID-19 knowledge, and attitude & perception towards COVID-19 vaccination, was circulated using different social media platforms. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Appropriate knowledge level was found in 74.8% of the respondents, whereas inappropriate knowledge levels were observed in females and participants with non-health-related occupations and were inversely related to willingness to the vaccine. More than 60% of the respondents had a negative attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine, as only 51% were willing to get vaccinated. A negative attitude was significantly associated with female respondents.
Conclusion: Our study reports a high knowledge level among the respondents in the Hail province. However, there is also a decreased willingness to be vaccinated, suggesting that more vaccine and health literacy seminars should be conducted to generate awareness among the general population in the Hail province, KSA.
Comparative Study of Nutrient Values and Heavy Metals Content of Corchorus olitorius Collected from Farm Land (Post Service) and Dumpsite (Oko Fili) In Lagos, Nigeria.
Authors: Adu A. A. , Aderinola O. J. , Sanni N. R. 
Published: August 2021

Africa is blessed with great diversity of plant resources that play major role in the continent's food, socio-economic and cultural development. These traditional leafy vegetables help to improve the nutritional status of populations and generate significant income in both rural and urban areas.Hence, this study investigated the nutrient contents and level of heavy metals in Corchorus olitorius collected from dumpsite (Oko fili in Alimosho Local Government Area) and farmland (Post Service in Ojo Local Government Area) using a standard procedure and t-test analysis. The results showed the presence of amino acids(aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, Arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, methionine, cysteine, iso-leucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine) in C. olitorius from both sites, however no significant (p>0.05) difference exists between the mean of all the amino acids taken from both sites. Values of metals recorded in dumpsites were higher than that from farmland. However, only calcium (Ca), iron(Fe), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), phosphorus(P), and zinc (Zn) had higher significant differences in values for both the soil and C. olitorius. The respective values of these metals (mg/100g) in C. olitorius at dumpsite and farmland are: Ca (985.3±310.8, 633.8±190.1), Fe (141.4±18.314, 5.415±0.742), K (112.200±51.477, 32.200±13.717), Mg (308.050±121.552, 107.050±3.889), Na(37.995±16.497, 25.015±5.550), P(305.635±257.860, 137.500±39.739) and Zn(18.235±13.103, 4.380±1.810). Potassium/sodium ratio (K/Na) for C. olitorius at both sites is comparable to recommended value of 1.00. In conclusion, all the values of metals (except Na in soil and K in plant) are within WHO/FAO maximum recommended limits. Therefore, C. olitorius examined in this study is safe for consumption while the metals in both farmland and dumpsite are considered to be less concentrated.
Understanding Differences in the Crystallization Kinetics between One‐Step Slot‐Die Coating and Spin Coating of MAPbI3 Using Multimodal In Situ Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Schötz Konstantin , Greve Christopher , Langen Arjan , Gorter Harrie , Dogan Ilker , Galagan Yulia , van Breemen Albert J. J. M. , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Herzig Eva M. , Panzer Fabian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo develop a detailed understanding about halide perovskite processing from solution, the crystallization processes are investigated during spin coating and slot‐die coating of MAPbI3 at different evaporation rates by simultaneous in situ photoluminescence, light scattering, and absorption measurements. Based on the time evolution of the optical parameters it is found that for both processing methods initially solvent‐complex‐structures form, followed by perovskite crystallization. The latter proceeds in two stages for spin coating, while for slot‐die coating only one perovskite crystallization phase occurs. For both processing methods, it is found that with increasing evaporation rates, the crystallization kinetics of the solvent‐complex structure and the perovskite crystallization remain constant on a relative time scale, whereas the duration of the second perovskite crystallization in spin coating increases. This second perovskite crystallization appears restricted due to differences in solvent‐complex phase morphologies from which the perovskite forms. The work emphasizes the importance of the exact precursor state properties on the perovskite formation. It further demonstrates that detailed analyses of multimodal optical in situ spectroscopy allows gaining a fundamental understanding of the crystallization processes that take place during solution processing of halide perovskites, independent from the specific processing method.
Influence of cover crop mixtures on soil health in southeastern crop production systems
Authors: Johnson Anna M. , Gamble Audrey V. , Balkcom Kipling S. , Hull Noah R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe restoration of soil health is a crucial step to maximize productivity in historically eroded soils of the southeastern United States. Cover crops have been known to improve soil health over time; therefore, studies were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in the Tennessee Valley (TVREC) and Wiregrass (WREC) Research and Extension Center regions of Alabama to examine the impact of cover crops on dynamic soil health indicators. Treatments including fallow, along with monocultures and combinations of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and Daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were arranged in a randomized complete block design in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–legume cash crop rotations. Soil health indicators included permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), total C (TC), water stable aggregates (WSA), and soil strength (area under the curve for cone index [AUCCI]). Cover crops did not increase WSA compared with fallow after 2 yr of treatment. At TVREC, POXC in the 10‐to‐15‐cm depth increased 60.6% under crimson clover compared with fallow. At TVREC, TC increased in the top 15 cm of soil after 2 yr of crimson clover, rye–clover, and rye–radish compared with fallow by 14.3, 11.6, and 15.2%, respectively. No differences in AUCCI occurred between treatments in 2018 at either location. In 2019, AUCCI at TVREC was higher under fallow and radish treatments compared with rye and rye–radish, whereas AUCCI at WREC in 2019 was higher under clover‐containing treatments compared with fallow and rye. Overall, some improvements in soil health indicators were observed after 2 yr of cover crop utilization, but long‐term cover crop use may be necessary to observe more consistent soil health changes.
Evidence for the genetic similarity rule at an expanding mangrove range limit
Authors: Kennedy John Paul , Antwis Rachael E. , Preziosi Richard F. , Rowntree Jennifer K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremiseHost‐plant genetic variation can shape associated communities of organisms. These community‐genetic effects include (1) genetically similar hosts harboring similar associated communities (i.e., the genetic similarity rule) and (2) host‐plant heterozygosity increasing associated community diversity. Community‐genetic effects are predicted to be less prominent in plant systems with limited genetic variation, such as those at distributional range limits. Yet, empirical evidence from such systems is limited.MethodsWe sampled a natural population of a mangrove foundation species (Avicennia germinans) at an expanding range limit in Florida, USA. We measured genetic variation within and among 40 host trees with 24 nuclear microsatellite loci and characterized their foliar endophytic fungal communities with internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) gene amplicon sequencing. We evaluated relationships among host‐tree genetic variation, host‐tree spatial location, and the associated fungal communities.ResultsGenetic diversity was low across all host trees (mean: 2.6 alleles per locus) and associated fungal communities were relatively homogeneous (five sequence variants represented 78% of all reads). We found (1) genetically similar host trees harbored similar fungal communities, with no detectable effect of interhost geographic distance. (2) Host‐tree heterozygosity had no detectable effect, while host‐tree absolute spatial location affected community alpha diversity.ConclusionsThis research supports the genetic similarity rule within a range limit population and helps broaden the current scope of community genetics theory by demonstrating that community‐genetic effects can occur even at expanding distributional limits where host‐plant genetic variation may be limited. Our findings also provide the first documentation of community‐genetic effects in a natural mangrove system.
Direct Evidence on the Mechanism of Methane Conversion under Non‐oxidative Conditions over Iron‐modified Silica: The Role of Propargyl Radicals Unveiled
Authors: Puente‐Urbina Allen , Pan Zeyou , Paunović Vladimir , Šot Petr , Hemberger Patrick , van Bokhoven Jeroen Anton 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadical‐mediated gas‐phase reactions play an important role in the conversion of methane under non‐oxidative conditions into olefins and aromatics over iron‐modified silica catalysts. Herein, we use operando photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy to disentangle the elusive C2+ radical intermediates participating in the complex gas‐phase reaction network. Our experiments pinpoint different C2‐C5 radical species that allow for a stepwise growth of the hydrocarbon chains. Propargyl radicals (H2C−C≡C−H) are identified as essential precursors for the formation of aromatics, which then contribute to the formation of heavier hydrocarbon products via hydrogen abstraction–acetylene addition routes (HACA mechanism). These results provide comprehensive mechanistic insights that are relevant for the development of methane valorization processes.
The effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles on the expression of CYP51A and HSP90 antifungal resistance genes in Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Bafghi Mahdi Hosseini , Nazari Razieh , Darroudi Majid , Zargar Mohsen , Zarrinfar Hossein 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe application of biological nanoparticles (NPs) can be considered as a way to overcome the problem of antifungal resistance in pathogenic fungi. This study takes a new approach to biosynthesized NPs influence on the expression of CYP51A and HSP90 antifungal resistance genes in Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus, and comparison with antifungal agents. Selenium NPs (Se‐NPs) were biosynthesized using Aspergillus strains and their production was proved by several methods including, UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Aspergillus strains were determined using the CLSI M38‐A2 broth microdilution method. The differences in expression levels of CYP51A and HSP90 genes were examined between untreated and treated of A. fumigatus and A. flavus using itraconazole and amphotericin B and biosynthesized Se‐NPs through real‐time PCR. After confirming the results of NPs synthesis, the MIC of itraconazole and amphotericin B against A. fumigatus and A. flavus was 4 μg/ml. Based on the real‐time PCR results, the obtained ∆∆CTs for these strains were −0.18, −1.46, and −1.14. Whereas the MIC values for treated samples with Se‐NPs have decreased to 0.5 μg/ml, and the ∆∆CTs for these were −0.25, −1.76, and −1.68. The expression of CYP51A and HSP90 genes was significantly down‐regulated through the use of Se‐NPs against A. fumigatus and A. flavus.
A novel combined resveratrol/berberine phytochemotheraputic using the HePG2 cell line as a model for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma
Authors: D'Arcy Mark S. , Pike Claire V. S. , Coussons Peter J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe results presented herein show that at clinically relevant concentrations (0–30 µM), the well‐tolerated phytochemical berberine (BER) induces cell death in cultured human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells as a model for liver cancer, primarily via apoptosis. Similar, relatively low‐concentration single treatments using the structurally related phytochemical resveratrol (RSV), had little or no effect on cell viability but inhibited the cell cycle, while simultaneously increasing the strength of cellular adhesion. When used in combination, an RSV/BER cotreatment appeared to retain the ability of a single RSV treatment to increase cellular adhesion, but also induced a massive loss in hepatocarcinoma cellular viability, inducing cell death in more than 90% of cells. This model, therefore, suggests that it may be possible to use RSV to stabilise hepatocarcinomas against metastasis while using cotreatment with BER to simultaneously induce cell death. By measuring the changes in the activity of the pleiotropic enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), which is known to be overexpressed in hepatocarcinoma and many other tumours, we hypothesise a role for this enzyme in the activities of these two phytochemicals, and propose the potential use of this RSV/BER cotreatment as a chemotherapeutic in TGM2+ hepatocarcinomas.
Hexagonal Si−Ge Class of Semiconducting Alloys Prepared by Using Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Serghiou George , Odling Nicholas , Reichmann Hans Josef , Ji Gang , Koch‐Müller Monika , Frost Daniel J. , Wright Jonathan P. , Boehler Reinhard , Morgenroth Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMulti‐anvil and laser‐heated diamond anvil methods have been used to subject Ge and Si mixtures to pressures and temperatures of between 12 and 17 GPa and 1500–1800 K, respectively. Synchrotron angle dispersive X‐ray diffraction, precession electron diffraction and chemical analysis using electron microscopy, reveal recovery at ambient pressure of hexagonal Ge−Si solid solutions (P63/mmc). Taken together, the multi‐anvil and diamond anvil results reveal that hexagonal solid solutions can be prepared for all Ge−Si compositions. This hexagonal class of solid solutions constitutes a significant expansion of the bulk Ge−Si solid solution family, and is of interest for optoelectronic applications.
PtPd‐decorated Multibranched Au@Ag Nanocrystal Heterostructures for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance in Visible to Near Infrared Light
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Song Tong , Gao Guanggang , Yang Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPtPd‐decorated multibranched Au@Ag nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized to form heterostructures with enhanced electrochemical performance for water splitting in the visible/near infrared (vis‐NIR) light region. Three kinds of heterostructures including PtPd‐covered, PtPd‐edged, and PtPd‐tipped Multi‐branched Au@Ag NCs were fabricated by controlling the growth process of PtPd alloy nanoparticles on Au@Ag NCs. PtPd‐covered Multi‐branched Au@Ag nanocrystal exhibited the best photo‐assisted electrocatalytic activity. The initial overpotential under vis‐NIR light is 33 mV with a Tatel slope of 101 mV/dec while the overpotential is 150 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The enhanced catalyst activity is ascribed to samples with heterogeneous structures and changed morphology and composition. In addition, localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect from the surface of samples resulted in the effective separation of electron‐hole pairs (photoelectric effect). Finally the photothermal effect generated from the absorbance of Au nanostructures in near‐infrared light increased the temperature of the catalyst. The synergy of structure, photoelectricity, and photothermal effect endows the catalyst with excellent photo‐assisted electrocatalytic activity.
Reaction Acceleration Promoted by Partial Solvation at the Gas/Solution Interface
Authors: Qiu Lingqi , Wei Zhenwei , Nie Honggang , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of organic reactions of different types in microvolumes (droplets, thin films, and sealed tubes) show effects of gas/solution interfacial area, reaction molecularity and solvent polarity. Partial solvation at the gas/solution interface is a major contributor to the 104‐fold reaction acceleration seen in bimolecular but not unimolecular reactions in microdroplets. Reaction acceleration can be used to manipulate selectivity by solvent choice.
A Dimethylaminophenyl‐Substituted Naphtho[1,2‐b]quinolizinium as a Multicolor NIR Probe for the Fluorimetric Detection of Intracellular Nucleic Acids and Proteins
Authors: Wickhorst Peter Jonas , Druzhinin Sergey I. , Ihmels Heiko , Müller Mareike , Sutera Sardo Manlio , Schönherr Holger , Viola Giampietro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dye 3‐(4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)phenyl)naphtho[1,2‐b]quinolizinium was synthesized by means of a Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in good yield, and its binding properties with duplex DNA, quadruplex DNA (G4‐DNA), RNA, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by photometric, fluorimetric and polarimetric titrations and DNA denaturation analysis. The compound intercalates into DNA and RNA, associates in binding site I of BSA, and binds to G4‐DNA by terminal π stacking. The ligand exhibits a fluorescence light‐up effect upon complexation to these biomacromolecules, which is more pronounced and blue shifted in the presence of BSA (Φfl=0.29, λfl=627 nm) than with the nucleic acids (Φfl=0.01–0.05, λfl=725–750 nm). Furthermore, the triple‐exponential fluorescence decay of the probe when bound to biomacromolecules in a cell enables their visualization in this medium and the differential labeling of cellular components.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Chiral π‐Conjugated Macrocycles
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Nojima Yuki , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe design and synthesis of novel π‐conjugated macrocycles have been an attractive topic in synthetic chemistry and material and supramolecular chemistry. The distortion caused by the strain of the rigid cyclic structure confers an intrinsic chirality to the π‐conjugated unit without a chiral center. In addition, due to the cyclic arrangement of multiple π‐conjugated units through the stereogenic elements, macrocyclic compounds have a configurationally stable symmetrical structure. They usually impart intensive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties, and some of them exhibit outstanding dissymmetry factor (|glum|>0.1) for a simple organic molecule. This Minireview offers the first overview of a various range of CPL emitters based on chiral macrocycles. A focus is given to the relationship between molecular structure, symmetry, and CPL properties, derived from electric and magnetic transition dipole moments. It is hoped that this review will boost to the development of functional materials of these exotic organic CPL emitters.