bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Nonword Repetition to Identify Developmental Language Disorder in Monolingual and Bilingual Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schwob Salomé , Eddé Laurane , Jacquin Laure , Leboulanger Mégane , Picard Margot , Oliveira Patricia Ramos , Skoruppa Katrin 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
A wealth of studies has assessed the diagnostic value of the nonword repetition task (NWRT) for the detection of developmental language disorder (DLD) in the clinical context of speech and language therapy, first in monolingual children and, more recently, in bilingual children. This review article reviews this literature systematically and conducts a meta-analysis on the discriminative power of this type of task in both populations.

Method
Three databases were used to select articles based on keyword combinations, which were then reviewed for relevance and methodological rigor based on internationally recognized checklists. From an initial pool of 488 studies, 46 studies were selected for inclusion in the systematic review, and 35 of these studies could be included in a meta-analysis.

Results
Most of the articles report significant discrimination between children with and without DLD in both monolingual and bilingual contexts, and the meta-analysis shows a large mean effect size. Three factors (age of the child, linguistic status, and language specificity of the task) yielded enough quantitative data for further exploration. Subgroups analysis shows variance in effect sizes, but none of the three factors, neither their interactions, were significant in a metaregression. We discuss how other, less explored factors (e.g., nature of the stimuli, scoring methods) could also contribute to differences in results. Sensitivity and specificity analyses reported in 33 studies confirmed that, despite possible effect size differences, the diagnostic accuracy of the NWRT is generally near thresholds considered to be discriminatory. It generally increases when it is combined with other tasks (e.g., parental questionnaire).

Conclusions
This review indicates that the NWRT is a promising diagnostic tool to identify children with DLD in monolingual and bilingual contexts with a large mean effect size. However, it seems necessary to choose the precise NWRT materials based on the children's language background and to complement the assessment sessions with other tools in order to ensure diagnosis and to obtain complete language profile of the child.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15152370
The Fornax 3D project: PNe populations and stellar metallicity in edge-on galaxies
Authors: Galán-de Anta P. M. , Sarzi M. , Spriggs T. W. , Nedelchev B. , Pinna F. , Martín-Navarro I. , Coccato L. , Corsini E. M. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Gadotti D. A. , Iodice E. , Fahrion K. , Lyubenova M. , McDermid R. M. , Morelli L. , van de Ven G. , Viaene S. , Zhu L. 
Published: August 2021

Context.Extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe) are useful distance indicators and are often used to trace the dark-matter content in external galaxies. At the same time, PNe can also be used as probes of their host galaxy stellar populations and to help understand the later stages of stellar evolution. Previous works have indicated that a specific number of PNe per stellar luminosity can vary across different galaxies and as a function of stellar-population properties, for instance increasing with decreasing stellar metallicity.Aims.In this study we further explore the importance of stellar metallicity in driving the properties of the PNe population in early-type galaxies, using three edge-on galaxies in the Fornax cluster offering a clear view into their predominantly metal-rich and metal-poor regions near the equatorial plane or both below and above it, respectively.Methods.Using very large telescope-multi unit spectroscopic explorer (VLT-MUSE) integral-field observations and dedicated PNe detection procedures, we constructed the PNe luminosity function and computed the luminosity-specific number of PNeαin both in- and off-plane regions of our edge-on systems.Results.Comparing theseαvalues with metallicity measurements also based on the same MUSE data, we find no evidence for an increase in the specific abundance of PNe when transitioning between metal-rich and metal-poor regions.Conclusions.Our analysis highlights the importance of ensuring spatial consistency to avoid misleading results when investigating the link between PNe and their parent stellar populations, and suggest that in passively evolving systems variations in the specific number of PNe may pertain to rather extreme metallicity regimes found either in the innermost or outermost regions of galaxies.
Does the in vitro egg hatch test predict the failure of benzimidazole treatment in Haemonchus contortus?
Authors: Babják Michal , Königová Alžbeta , Urda Dolinská Michaela , Kupčinskas Tomas , Vadlejch Jaroslav , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg , Petkevičius Saulius , Várady Marián 
Published: August 2021

Considerable research has been directed towards optimising in vitro tests that can diagnose resistance in pre-parasitic stages of parasites. The objective of this study was to compare the in vivo faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), the in vitro egg hatch test (EHT), and the molecular determination of the frequency of a codon 200 allele of β-tubulin isotype 1 associated with benzimidazole resistance in larval stages of Haemonchus contortus obtained from infected goats. Animals were infected with composite infective doses representing 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80% resistant alleles. Faecal samples for the EHT were collected on 28, 33, and 35 days post-infection. The results of the in vivo FECRT indicated that albendazole treatment reduced infections consisting of composite doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80% larvae of the resistant isolate by 91.3, 78.0, 63.3, 48.4, 36.5, and 41.4%, respectively. The drug concentration at which 50% of the eggs were prevented from developing hatching larvae (ED50) in the in vitro EHT varied from 0.09 ± 0.01 to 15.63 ± 12.10 μg/mL thiabendazole. The results of the in vitro EHT indicated that the test could estimate in vivo resistance well. The EHT could thus accurately estimate the in vivo efficacy of the drug and percentage of the resistance allele in the population using hatching parameters in delineation doses. This finding was also supported by comparing the FECRT data to the hatching percentages in the EHT on 30 goat farms in Slovakia with natural mixed infections of gastrointestinal parasites.
Quality Control of Herbal Medicines: From Traditional Techniques to State-of-the-art Approaches
Authors: Klein-Junior Luiz C. , de Souza Maira R. , Viaene Johan , Bresolin Tania M. B. , de Gasper André L. , Henriques Amélia T. , Heyden Yvan Vander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerbal medicines are important options for the treatment of several illnesses. Although their therapeutic applicability has been demonstrated throughout history, several concerns about their safety and efficacy are raised regularly. Quality control of articles of botanical origin, including plant materials, plant extracts, and herbal medicines, remains a challenge. Traditionally, qualitative (e.g., identification and chromatographic profile) and quantitative (e.g., content analyses) markers are applied for this purpose. The compound-oriented approach may stand alone in some cases (e.g., atropine in Atropa belladonna). However, for most plant materials, plant extracts, and herbal medicines, it is not possible to assure quality based only on the content or presence/absence of one (sometimes randomly selected) compound. In this sense, pattern-oriented approaches have been extensively studied, introducing the use of multivariate data analysis on chromatographic/spectroscopic fingerprints. The use of genetic methods for plant material/plant extract authentication has also been proposed. In this study, traditional approaches are reviewed, although the focus is on the applicability of fingerprints for quality control, highlighting the most used approaches, as well as demonstrating their usefulness. The literature review shows that a pattern-oriented approach may be successfully applied to the quality assessment of articles of botanical origin, while also providing directions for a compound-oriented approach and a rational marker selection. These observations indicate that it may be worth considering to include fingerprints and their data analysis in the regulatory framework for herbal medicines concerning quality control since this is the foundation of the holistic view that these complex products demand.
Identification and Quantification of Polymethoxylated Flavonoids in Different Citrus Species Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD
Authors: Brits Maxime , Naessens Tania , Theunis Mart , Taktak Olfa , Allouche Noureddine , Pieters Luc , Foubert Kenn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany species from the genus Citrus are used in traditional medicine and contain polymethoxylated flavonoids. These compounds show anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities, among others, and therefore have a big potential to be developed as therapeutic agents or dietary supplements. Citrus species are different in their profile and yield of polymethoxylated flavonoids. Therefore, polymethoxylated flavonoids were identified and quantified in seven different Citrus species, including wild-type and commercially available species. All species were profiled using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis combined with mass spectral molecular networking. A total of 38 polymethoxylated flavonoids were detected and 8 of them were present in every species. As the yield of polymethoxylated flavonoids was different for each species, a generally applicable HPLC-diode array detection method was developed and validated according to the ICH guidelines to quantify the amount
of nobiletin and the total amount of polymethoxylated flavonoids expressed as nobiletin. Analysis of the seven samples showed evidence that wild-type Citrus species (e.g., Citrus depressa) contain higher yields of polymethoxylated flavonoids compared to commercially available species (e.g., Citrus limon). Qualitative analysis revealed the broadest variety of different PMFs in C. depressa, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis, which makes them interesting sources of polymethoxylated flavonoids for future development as therapeutic agents or dietary supplements.
Persistent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Agarwal Amit , Baghmar Saphalta , Qureshi Suhail , Khurana Aseem , Setia Rasika , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Barman Purabi , Kapoor Raj Kumar , Hasthavaram Navneeth Reddy , Kumar Ramesh , Singh Navdeep , Sarin Aditya , Handoo Anil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction There is limited literature available regarding the prevalence and durability of immune response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cancer patients.
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the seroconversion rate in cancer patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed antibody levels and seroconversion rates in serum samples from 135 cancer patients who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chemiluminescent immunoassay using Roche Cobas e801 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) was performed to identify Pan Ig antibody against nucleocapsid antigen. Reports of first, third, and sixth month were analyzed. Seroconversion was also compared with health-care workers (HCW) of our institute who had recovered from COVID-19 infection.
Results Seroconversion rate in cancer patients was 81.2% at 1 month, 95% at 3 months, and 94.6% at 6 months post reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction positivity. There was no difference in seroconversion rate among different age groups, gender, comorbidities, severity of COVID-19 symptoms, cancer disease status, and treatment with chemotherapy. Seroconversion rate in cancer patients is comparable to HCW (90.4 vs. 96%, p = 0.82) and is durable.
Conclusion Humoral response to COVID-19 infection in cancer patients is comparable to general population and sustained. Such responses suggest that cancer patients are likely to benefit from COVID-19 vaccination.
Adjusting the analytical aperture: propositions for an integrated approach to the social study of reproductive technologies
Authors: Boydell Victoria , Dow Katharine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ever-expanding availability of reproductive technologies, the continued roll-out of ‘family planning’ and maternity services across low- and middle-income settings and the rapid development of the fertility industry mean that it is more likely than ever that individuals, especially women and gender non-conforming people, will engage with more than one RT at some point in their life. These multiple engagements with RTs will affect users’ expectations and uptake, as well as the technologies’ availability, commercial success, ethical status and social meanings. We argue that an integrated approach to the study of RTs and their users not only makes for better research, but also more politically conscious research, which questions some of the ideological precepts that have led to reproduction being parcelled out into biomedical specialisations and a disproportionate focus on particular forms of reproduction in particular disciplines within public health and social science research. We offer this article as part of a wider movement in the study of reproduction and reproductive technologies, which takes inspiration from the reproductive justice framework to address forms of exclusion, discrimination and stratification that are perpetuated in the development and application of reproductive technologiesandthe ways in which they are studied and theorised.
α-Synuclein kinetically regulates the nascent fusion pore dynamics
Authors: Nellikka Rohith K. , Bhaskar Bhavya R. , Sanghrajka Kinjal , Patil Swapnali S. , Das Debasis 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThe accumulation of nonfunctional α-synuclein (α-synFL) oligomers is the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting millions of people worldwide. Although α-synFLhas a central role in PD, its cellular function is unclear until now. Understanding the normal function of α-synFLis critical to envisage the molecular basis of abnormal cellular secretion under disease conditions. Previous studies indicated that it can regulate various steps of membrane fusion. Fusion pores are the crucial kinetic intermediates during membrane fusion, through which vesicular secretion occurs from different cell types. Here, we describe a function of α-synFLin regulating the microsecond fusion pore transitions. This study offers an insight into how abnormal secretion occurs under pathological conditions in which nonfunctional α-synFLaccumulates.
Noise-induced properties of active dendrites
Authors: van Vreeswijk Carl , Farkhooi Farzada 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Neurons integrate input via their dendritic trees, displaying a wide range of nonlinear processing due to their voltage-dependent active calcium channels. We reveal that in vivo–like fluctuating input enhances nonlinearity in a single dendritic compartment and shifts the input–output relation to exhibit nonmonotonous or bistable dynamics. In particular, with the slow activation of calcium dynamics, we analyze noise-induced bistability and its timescales. We further show in a multicompartmental model neuron with realistic synaptic input that noise-induced bistability persists. These noise-induced orders could provide far-reaching implications for the dendritic function in the processing of in vivo–like fluctuating input.
The Fermi–Dirac distribution provides a calibrated probabilistic output for binary classifiers
Authors: Kim Sung-Cheol , Arun Adith S. , Ahsen Mehmet Eren , Vogel Robert , Stolovitzky Gustavo 
Published: August 2021

Significance
While it would be desirable that the output of binary classification algorithms be the probability that the classification is correct, most algorithms do not provide a method to calculate such a probability. We propose a probabilistic output for binary classifiers based on an unexpected mapping of the probability of correct classification to the probability of occupation of a fermion in a quantum system, known as the Fermi–Dirac distribution. This mapping allows us to compute the optimal threshold to separate predicted classes and to calculate statistical parameters necessary to estimate confidence intervals of performance metrics. Using this mapping we propose an ensemble learning algorithm. In short, the Fermi–Dirac distribution provides a calibrated probabilistic output for binary classification.
Folding and misfolding of potassium channel monomers during assembly and tetramerization
Authors: Song Kevin C. , Molina Andrew V. , Chen Ruofan , Gagnon Isabelle A. , Koh Young Hoon , Roux Benoît , Sosnick Tobin R. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Ion channels exist in all organisms. Here, we connect the folding of potassium channel monomers to the kinetics of tetramerization. Rather than adopting a native-like conformation once inserted into the bilayer, monomers initially exist as a structurally heterogeneous ensemble in a protein-dense region. This early clustering of monomers may be a general phenomenon that assists in the assembly of multimeric membrane proteins by pre-localizing the subunits. Folding can occur along fast or slow (misfolded) pathways that can be modulated with mutations that trap monomers in a native-like state. In spite of its name, the C-terminal “tetramerization” domain in KcsA does not enhance tetramerization, suggesting it may play another role in channel function.
Application of the bi-characteristic method for reconstructing the effective frequency of electron collisions in the ionosphere
Authors: Kryukovsky A S , Lukin D S , Mikhaleva E V , Rastyagaev DV 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A method has been developed to reconstruct the effective frequency of electron collisions in the Earth’s ionosphere, based on data on the attenuation of short-wave radiation during vertical sounding of the ionosphere by a frequency-modulated radio signal. Numerical modeling was carried out based on the Hamilton-Lukin bi-characteristic method.
Specific features of the propagation of frequency modulated radio signals in the ionospheric plasma in the presence of local inhomogeneities
Authors: Kryukovsky A S , Lukin D S , Popchenko O V , Rastyagaev D V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The features of the propagation of frequency-modulated radio signals reflected from the anisotropic ionosphere containing local inhomogeneities of the electron concentration are investigated. On the basis of the Hamilton-Lukin bi-characteristic method, mathematical modeling of vertical sounding ionograms was carried out both in the case of propagation of an ordinary wave and in the case of propagation of an extraordinary wave. The results of numerical simulation are presented.
Testing of generalized Helmholtz equations for gyrotropic waveguides
Authors: Shirapov D Sh , Itigilov G B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Universal generalized Helmholtz equations were tested for gyrotropic waveguides with arbitrary orthogonal cross-sectional shapes with arbitrary magnetization and general Helmholtz equations for gyrotropic waveguides with arbitrary orthogonal cross-sectional shapes with longitudinal magnetization, which are obtained from generalized Helmholtz equations. From the general Helmholtz equations for gyrotropic waveguides are derived the partial Helmholtz equations for gyrotropic waveguides with certain orthogonal cross-sectional shapes (in particular: rectangular, round, elliptical) with a specific (longitudinal, normal, tangent) magnetization. General Helmholtz equations for gyrotropic waveguides with arbitrary orthogonal cross-sectional shapes in longitudinal magnetization and partial Helmholtz equations for gyrotropic elliptic waveguides in longitudinal magnetization are used during testing.
Regional and temporal changes in the main parameters of frequency dispersion in wideband transionospheric radio communication channels
Authors: Ivanov D V , Ivanov V A , Ryabova N V , Kislitsin A A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We propose a method for carrying out experimental studies into the effect of dispersion in transionospheric radio channel, taking into account system and geophysical factors separately. The method is based on the mathematical model of frequency dispersion, which is distinguished by introducing a reference frequency. This allowed us to separate geophysical and frequency variables in studying dispersion. Experiments were focused on the features of the influence of geophysical factors on the frequency dispersion in wideband channels at the reference frequency. There is presented a rule for its recalculation into different operating frequencies. The features of phase dispersion depending on the latitude of the signal receiver were revealed.
The vertical profile of the refraction coefficient for microwave radiation in the troposphere and its variability
Authors: Kuznetsov A , Seroukhova O , Simakina T , Kryukova S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
On the basis of data from 8 aerological stations: St. Petersburg, Tallinn, Sukhinichi, Bologoye, Velikiye Luki, Smolensk, Ryazan and Dolgoprudny, the variability of the refractive index vertical profile in the troposphere is shown. It is noted that the presence in the troposphere of inversions of the altitudinal temperature profile and narrow zones with increased and decreased water vapor content leads to sharp changes in the index refractive index gradient and determines the type of radio wave refraction.
Simulation of methane concentration measurements by lidar in a cloudy atmosphere
Authors: Grigorievsky V I , Tezadov J A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Simulation of the vertical profile of methane concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is simulated in the absence of direct visibility on the spacecraft (SC)-Earth surface route. At high latitudes, clouds cover the Earth’s surface for a significant time, so it is important to use all possibilities so that there are no significant windows of uncertainty in data acquisition along the entire path, including the lower troposphere. For modeling purposes the vertical profile of methane concentration was approximated by a sixth-degree polynomial, and the profile was refined by varying its coefficients until is coincide with the experimental data. The proposed method of using the reflected and scattered signal from clouds and cloud formations and extrapolating data along the vertical profile of methane to the entire path in the absence of direct visibility of the Earth’s surface ensures uninterrupted data acquisition, thereby increasing the accuracy and reliability of statistical materials for determining the methane concentration, and, consequently, its influence on the dynamics of the climate in general.