bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients: inter- and intra-observer agreement in a prospective observational study
Authors: Lerchbaumer Markus H. , Lauryn Jonathan H. , Bachmann Ulrike , Enghard Philipp , Fischer Thomas , Grune Jana , Hegemann Niklas , Khadzhynov Dmytro , Kruse Jan Matthias , Lehner Lukas J. , Lindner Tobias , Oezkan Timur , Zickler Daniel , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Hamm Bernd , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Muench Frédéric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith an urgent need for bedside imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this study’s main goal was to assess inter- and intraobserver agreement in lung ultrasound (LUS) of COVID-19 patients. In this single-center study we prospectively acquired and evaluated 100 recorded ten-second cine-loops in confirmed COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients. All loops were rated by ten observers with different subspeciality backgrounds for four times by each observer (400 loops overall) in a random sequence using a web-based rating tool. We analyzed inter- and intraobserver variability for specific pathologies and a semiquantitative LUS score. Interobserver agreement for both, identification of specific pathologies and assignment of LUS scores was fair to moderate (e.g., LUS score 1 Fleiss’ κ = 0.27; subpleural consolidations Fleiss’ κ = 0.59). Intraobserver agreement was mostly moderate to substantial with generally higher agreement for more distinct findings (e.g., lowest LUS score 0 vs. highest LUS score 3 (median Fleiss’ κ = 0.71 vs. 0.79) or air bronchograms (median Fleiss’ κ = 0.72)). Intraobserver consistency was relatively low for intermediate LUS scores (e.g. LUS Score 1 median Fleiss’ κ = 0.52). We therefore conclude that more distinct LUS findings (e.g., air bronchograms, subpleural consolidations) may be more suitable for disease monitoring, especially with more than one investigator and that training material used for LUS in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) should pay refined attention to areas such as B-line quantification and differentiation of intermediate LUS scores.
Cardiovascular Risk Comparison between Expanded Hemodialysis Using Theranova and Online Hemodiafiltration (CARTOON): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Yeonhee , Jang Myoung-jin , Jeon Junseok , Lee Jung Eun , Huh Wooseong , Choi Bum Soon , Park Cheol Whee , Chin Ho Jun , Kang Chae Lin , Kim Dong Ki , Han Seung Seok , Joo Kwon Wook 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExpanded hemodialysis (HDx) with medium cutoff (MCO) membranes, which remove middle-to-large molecules well, may be a good option to replace online hemodiafiltration (online-HDF). To provide more evidence, this randomized controlled trial compared several cardiovascular parameters between patients undergoing HDx and online-HDF. Eighty patients undergoing thrice-weekly hemodialysis were randomly assigned to receive either HDx with a Theranova membrane (n = 43) or online-HDF (n = 37). The primary endpoints were changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), echocardiographic parameters, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores over 1 year, and the secondary endpoints included blood cardiovascular biomarkers, mortality, and patient-reported outcomes. A linear mixed model and log-rank test were used to estimate the group differences. 65 patients had completed the trial. The changes in baPWV and echocardiographic parameters did not differ between the two groups. The CAC scores remained stable in the online-HDF group, whereas an increasing trend was shown in the HDx group (P = 0.012). Other endpoints, including cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities, were similar between the two groups. The changes in cardiovascular parameters did not differ between HDx with an MCO membrane and online-HDF. However, attention may be needed in patients with high CAC scores or scores with an increasing tendency when online-HDF is replaced with HDx with an MCO membrane.
Conducting a Virtual Study With Special Considerations for Working With Persons With Aphasia
Authors: Doub Ashleigh , Hittson Anne , Stark Brielle C. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The use of technology (e.g., telehealth) in clinical settings has rapidly increased, and its use in research settings continues to grow. The aim of this report is to present one potential solution to a clinical issue that of virtual and remote assessment for the purposes of spoken language research in persons with aphasia (PWA). To do so, we report detailed methods for conducting a multitimepoint (test–retest) virtual paradigm, assessing lifestyle, physiological, cognitive, and linguistic factors in persons with and without aphasia.

Method

Procedures for virtual assessment are detailed in a sample of adults with no brain damage (
N
= 24) and PWA (
N
= 25) on a test–retest paradigm (data collection approximately 10 ± 3 days apart). This report provides practical information about pre-assessment (e.g., recruitment, scheduling), assessment (e.g., aphasia-friendly consent presentation, investigator fidelity), and postassessment (e.g., data storage, quality check) procedures for human behavior research using a virtual platform.

Results
Preliminary study data are provided, indicating high retention rates, high rates of data acquisition, and feasibility. Common technological troubles and solutions are discussed, and solutions are offered. The results suggest that our pre-assessment, assessment, and postassessment procedures contributed to the success of our study.

Conclusions
We provide a practical methodology for conducting a multitimepoint study, with considerations for PWA, adding to the body of research on telehealth in clinical populations. Future studies should continue to evaluate telemethodology, which may be core for diversifying studies, improving study retention, and enrolling larger sample sizes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14608101
Online dense activity detection
Authors: Weiqi Li , Jianming Wang , Jiayu Liang , Guanghao Jin , Tae‐Sun Chung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDense activity detection is a subtask of activity detection that aims to localise and identify multiple human activities in video clips. Existing methods adopt offline frameworks that require video frames to be available when activity detection begins. These offline methods are unable to be applied to online scenarios. An online framework is proposed for dense activity detection. The framework has two stages: warm‐up and detection. Warm‐up is the initialisation of dense activity detection, which generates a contextual model called an online aggregated‐event. After that, the method moves into the detection stage, which consists of two modules: coarse label prediction and refined label prediction. Coarse label prediction predicts activity labels by taking the online aggregated‐event as a priori; then, prediction is refined by two techniques, human–object interaction detection and online relation reasoning. The proposed method is evaluated using two dense activity datasets: Charades and AVA. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than existing offline methods after the whole video input is added to the algorithm.
Matching hyperspectral absorptions by weighted hamming distance
Authors: Guo Baofeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo analyse and compare hyperspectral signatures, features extraction and matching are two key issues. In this letter, hyperspectral absorption features and the corresponding matching algorithm are discussed. First, an absorption detection method is applied to catch all necessary spectral absorptions with improved reliability. Then, a weighted Hamming distance is proposed to match the binary absorption‐features. Next, an elastic matching scheme is designed to classify the hyperspectral data. Experiments of classification are carried out on six classes of vegetation from the Salinas data‐set. Results show that the proposed method not only increased the overall classification accuracy to 73.13% from back propagation neural network's 71.86% and support vector machine's 73.06%, but also improved the error distributions among different classes.
Image resolution and contrast enhancement with optimal brightness compensation using wavelet transforms and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Tirumani V Hyma Lakshmi , Tenneti Madhu , K Ch. Srikavya , Kotamraju Sarat Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImproving the image resolution and contrast along with uniform brightness distribution over the entire image helps to retrieve the vital realistic information necessary for human perception and interpretation. A new procedure to improve these parameters is implemented and tested. Initially, the image is super resolute using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), stationary wavelet transform (SWT) image decomposition and bicubic interpolation. The resolute image is used for contrast enhancement by using SWT and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) approach. The optimized brightness compensation technique, which uses particle swarm optimization (PSO), is applied to the resolution and contrast‐enhanced image to obtain uniform brightness distribution over the entire image. The proposed approach is tested on three data sets of images and it is found that the visual results, as well as the resolution and contrast levels of the tested images, are significantly superior to subjective and objective results.
A field study investigating road safety effects of a front brake light
Authors: Monzel Merlin , Keidel Kristof , Schubert Wolfgang , Banse Rainer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent research shows that braking of vehicles equipped with a front brake light is identified significantly earlier than braking of vehicles without front brake lights. Moreover, the absence of front brake lights leads to more conservative road crossing decisions. These results suggest that front brake lights are able to facilitate the pedestrians’ anticipation of dangerous traffic situations, thereby increasing road safety. The present research investigated the effects of front brake lights in the real traffic of the Berlin Tegel Airport airside. A total of 102 vehicles were equipped with front brake lights and circulated in airport traffic for a period of three and a half months. Before and after this test period, 197 staff members were asked about their experiences with and their attitude towards front brake lights. The results show that front brake lights rarely led to misunderstandings, whereas they were significantly more often perceived to facilitate communication avoiding dangerous situations. The attitude towards front brake lights was already positive at the first interview and improved significantly during the measurement period. Overall, a great majority of participants stated that front brake lights improve communication between road users and thus increase road safety.
Sparsity‐based autoencoders for denoising cluttered radar signatures
Authors: Ram Shobha Sundar , Vishwakarma Shelly , Sneh Akanksha , Yasmeen Kainat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNarrowband and broadband indoor radar images significantly deteriorate in the presence of target‐dependent and target‐independent static and dynamic clutter arising from walls. A stacked and sparse denoising autoencoder (StackedSDAE) is proposed for mitigating the wall clutter in indoor radar images. The algorithm relies on the availability of clean images and the corresponding noisy images during training and requires no additional information regarding the wall characteristics. The algorithm is evaluated on simulated Doppler‐time spectrograms and high‐range resolution profiles generated for diverse radar frequencies and wall characteristics in around‐the‐corner radar (ACR) scenarios. Additional experiments are performed on range‐enhanced frontal images generated from measurements gathered from a wideband radio frequency imaging sensor. The results from the experiments show that the StackedSDAE successfully reconstructs images that closely resemble those that would be obtained in free space conditions. Furthermore, the incorporation of sparsity and depth in the hidden layer representations within the autoencoder makes the algorithm more robust to low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and label mismatch between clean and corrupt data during training than the conventional single‐layer DAE. For example, the denoised ACR signatures show a structural similarity above 0.75 to clean free space images at SNR of −10 dB and label mismatch error of 50%.
Machine learning initialization to accelerate Stokes profile inversions
Authors: Gafeira R. , Orozco Suárez D. , Milić I. , Quintero Noda C. , Ruiz Cobo B. , Uitenbroek H. 
Published: May 2021

Context. At present, an exponential growth in scientific data from current and upcoming solar observatories is expected. Most of the data consist of high spatial and temporal resolution cubes of Stokes profiles taken in both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE spectral lines. The analysis of such solar observations requires complex inversion codes. Hence, it is necessary to develop new tools to boost the speed and efficiency of inversions and reduce computation times and costs.
Aims. In this work we discuss the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a tool to advantageously initialize Stokes profile inversions.
Methods. To demonstrate the usefulness of CNNs, we concentrate in this paper on the inversion of LTE Stokes profiles. We use observations taken with the spectropolarimeter on board the Hinode spacecraft as a test bench mark. First, we carefully analyse the data with the SIR inversion code using a given initial atmospheric model. The code provides a set of atmospheric models that reproduce the observations well. These models are then used to train a CNN. Afterwards, the same data are again inverted with SIR but using the trained CNN to provide the initial guess atmospheric models for SIR.
Results. The CNNs allow us to significantly reduce the number of inversion cycles when used to compute initial guess model atmospheres (‘assisted inversions’), therefore decreasing the computational time for LTE inversions by a factor of two to four. CNNs alone are much faster than assisted inversions, but the latter are more robust and accurate. CNNs also help to automatically cluster pixels with similar physical properties, allowing the association with different solar features on the solar surface, which is useful when inverting huge datasets where completely different regimes are present. The advantages and limitations of machine learning techniques for estimating optimum initial atmospheric models for spectral line inversions are discussed. Finally, we describe a python wrapper for the SIR and DeSIRe codes that allows for the easy setup of parallel inversions. The tool implements the assisted inversion method described in this paper. The parallel wrapper can also be used to synthesize Stokes profiles with the RH code.
Conclusions. The assisted inversions can speed up the inversion process, but the efficiency and accuracy of the inversion results depend strongly on the solar scene and the data used for the CNN training. This method (assisted inversions) will not obviate the need for analysing individual events with the utmost care but will provide solar scientists with a much better opportunity to sample large amounts of inverted data, which will undoubtedly broaden the physical discovery space.
Innovations in Gastroparesis Treatment (from Pyloroplasty to Per Oral Pyloromyotomy)
Authors: Lundgren Megan , Rodriguez John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGastroparesis is a debilitating disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which significantly decreases quality of life. Health care costs and utilization have increased for gastroparesis over the last two decades. Historically gastric pacemaker placement and various open and laparoscopic emptying procedures have been practiced for the treatment of gastroparesis. More recently, the per oral pyloromyotomy procedure has been developed after a rich history of innovation in endoscopic surgery, following the report of laparoscopic pyloroplasty as a primary treatment for gastroparesis. Per oral pyloromyotomy is a successful management option for appropriately selected patients who suffer from medically refractory gastroparesis. This article describes the nature of the problem of gastroparesis, the timeline of the development of the per oral pyloromyotomy procedure, a review of the literature, and the indications for and details of the procedure itself.
Profiles of Endoglin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Based on Staging and Histological Grading of Colorectal Cancer and Their Relationship with Bevacizumab Therapy
Authors: Minhajat Rahmawati , Saleh Sahyuddin , Harjianti Tutik , Benyamin Andi Fachruddin , Parewangi A. M. Luthfi , Bakri Syakib 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The present study evaluated the profile of endoglin (CD105) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) based on staging and histopathological grading of colorectal cancer as well as their relationship with bevacizumab therapy.
Methods A total of 88 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in the present study. The levels of VEGF and CD105 protein were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results There was a significant difference in the level of CD105 (p = 0.002) between metastases and non-metastases subjects, showing that CD105 was higher in metastases subjects (4.59 ng/ml). There was no significant difference in the level of VEGF based on the presence of metastasis (p = 0.625). There was a significant difference in the levels of CD105 (p = 0.038) and VEGF (p = 0.010) between the subjects who received chemotherapy and those who did not. The CD105 level was higher in the subjects who received chemotherapy (4.43 ng/ml); conversely, the level of VEGF was lower in subjects who received chemotherapy (543.65 pg/ml). There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of CD105 (p = 0.003) and VEGF (p = 0.002) between subjects who received bevacizumab therapy and subjects who did not. The levels of CD105 were higher in subjects who received bevacizumab therapy (5.11 ng/ml); in contrast, the level of VEGF was higher in subjects who did not receive bevacizumab therapy (645.92 pg/ml). There was a significant positive correlation between CD105 and VEGF in subjects who did not receive bevacizumab (p < 0.01).
Conclusion The results of this study support a hypothesis of “escape mechanism” in the failure of anti-angiogenesis therapy (anti-VEGF).
Effects of DSPP Gene Mutations on Periodontal Tissues
Authors: Jing Zhaojun , Chen Zhibin , Jiang Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene mutations cause autosomal dominantly inherited diseases. DSPP gene mutations lead to abnormal expression of DSPP, resulting in a series of histological, morphological, and clinical abnormalities. A large number of previous studies demonstrated that DSPP is a dentinal-specific protein, and DSPP gene mutations lead to dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Recent studies have found that DSPP is also expressed in bone, periodontal tissues, and salivary glands. DSPP is involved in the formation of the periodontium as well as tooth structures. DSPP deficient mice present furcation involvement, cementum, and alveolar bone defect. We speculate that similar periodontal damage may occur in patients with DSPP mutations. This article reviewed the effects of DSPP gene mutations on periodontal status. However, almost all of the research is about animal study, there is no evidence that DSPP mutations cause periodontium defects in patients yet. We need to conduct systematic clinical studies on DSPP mutation families in the future to elucidate the effect of DSPP gene on human periodontium.
Optical computation of a spin glass dynamics with tunable complexity
Authors: Leonetti M. , Hörmann E. , Leuzzi L. , Parisi G. , Ruocco G. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Optics is a unique platform to speed up computation, providing advantages especially for inherently parallel operations. Here we demonstrate an optical experiment enabling the simulation of a paradigmatic prototype model for statistical mechanics: the spin glass (SG). SGs are systems presenting all the aspects of complexity, such as many equilibrium states producing multiple relaxation times and nontrivial phenomenology. With the optical approach, the spin state is mapped on the mirrors of a fast adaptive optics device illuminated by a laser, and the energy calculation is performed by collecting the intensity after all the controlled light rays interfered in strongly scattering medium. The optical simulation enables beating the digital calculation in terms of speed for large-sized SG.
Quantifying clause chains in Nungon texts
Authors: Sarvasy Hannah S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClause chains are sequences of clauses with under-specified verbal predicates, plus a single clause with a fully-specified verbal predicate. Clause chains represent the morpho-syntactic demarcation of a speech unit greater than a single clause, but the precise length of this unit is rarely assessed. Clause chain length, distribution, bridging linkage, and non-canonical forms are evaluated in a sample of 64 texts, containing over 1742 clause chains, in the Papuan language Nungon. In the 49 narrative texts, unlike in other genres, total clause chains per text increases as text duration increases. The average clause chain in the sample is 3–4 clauses long; the longest has 22 clauses. Average clause chain length decreases as text length increases. The longest narrative texts have similar average clause chain length, proportion of bridging clauses, and proportion of non-canonical clause chains, and feature a leisurely rhythm: half of their clause chains are minimal, two-clause chains.
Simultaneous elliptically and radially polarized THz from one-color laser-induced plasma filament
Authors: Mou Sen , D’Arco Annalisa , Tomarchio Luca , Di Fabrizio Marta , Curcio Alessandro , Lupi Stefano , Petrarca Massimo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
THz-based technologies and research applications have seen a rapid increment in recent period together with the development of novel radiation sources based both on relativistic electrons and laser techniques. In this framework, laser-induced plasma filament plays an important role in generating intense and broadband THz radiation. Although many attentions have been paid to THz emission from two-color plasma filaments, one-color plasma emission has been scarcely investigated. In particular, the polarization state of one-color THz emission is still controversial due to the limitations of the existing THz detection techniques, which are incapable of simultaneously detecting elliptically and radially polarized THz radiation. In this manuscript, we develop a novel detection method and unambiguously demonstrate for the first time that one-color laser-induced plasma filament simultaneously emits elliptically and radially polarized THz radiation. These polarization states suggest that the generation mechanism results from electric quadrupole, showing a new route for producing more complex polarization states and THz vortex beams.