bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volar Lunate Facet Rim Fractures: K-I Classification and Technique
Authors: Imatani Junya , Kondo Hidenori 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose It is difficult to capture and safely support a small volar lunate facet (VLF) fragment and obtain sufficient initial fixation. The challenge in treating VLF rim fractures has resulted in various management options. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a consecutive series of VLF rim fractures of the distal radius treated surgically and to report the Kondo–Imatani (K-I) classification of these fractures, using computed tomography (CT) images and surgical technique, which is termed the Plate buttress and Double tiered subchondral support (PD) technique.
Patients and Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 35 patients with VLF rim fractures that included postoperative clinical evaluations, CT images, and radiographs.
Description of Technique The PD technique to stabilize the VLF fragment with an anatomical and low-profile volar locking plate (VLP).
Results All fractures healed at the final follow-up; Mayo wrist performance score average was 81.7 points (45–100), and the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (quick-DASH) score average was 9.5 points (0–31.8), showing relatively good clinical results.
Conclusion VLF rim fragments are not amenable to standard VLP fixation. Unstable fixation may result in postoperative correction loss, aseptic necrosis, malunion, radiocarpal subluxation, and wrist dysfunction. This report described the K-I classification for VLF rim fractures of the distal radius and surgical technique, termed the PD technique, to stabilize the VLF rim fragment with an anatomical and low-profile VLP.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, case series study.
Hair Cosmetics for the Hair Loss Patient
Authors: Dias Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni , Loures Aline Falci , Ekelem Chloe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMedical professionals that treat patients with alopecia usually lack knowledge about hair cosmetics. Trichologists focus on hair cycling and growth problems and not on the hair shaft integrity. This may lead to abandon of the use of the prescribed treatment, such as topical minoxidil or to inadequate traumatic grooming habits that may jeopardize hair follicle health. Shampoos, hair dyes, and hair-straightening products may alter hair fiber structure, remove lipids, and elude protein. Hair procedures such as hair dying and straightening have side effects and health concerns, especially for pregnant women or sensitive hair and scalp patients. Hair breakage, follicle traction, frizz, contact dermatitis, and mutagenicity are possible side effects of hair cosmetics misuse. The proper use of hair care products may help to increase patients' adherence to alopecia treatments and avoid health problems related to inadequate application of hair cosmetics and procedures.
Role of Hair Transplantation in Scarring Alopecia—To Do or Not to Do
Authors: Singh Sukhbir , Muthuvel Kumaresan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlopecia in the scalp region leads to psychosocial embarrassment for an individual. Alopecia could be due to several reasons, including genetic, hormonal, traumatic and infections. Cicatricial alopecias (CAs) are considered as trichological emergency, since their progression is rapid and always results in permanent hair loss. The pathogenesis, disease progression and prognosis of CA are poorly understood, and the treatment process is still evolving. An early diagnosis must be established, and aggressive treatment protocol should be followed in the management of scarring alopecia. This article presents various aspects of CA and determines whether hair transplant (HT) should be done in this condition.
Role of Circulating Microparticles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pathological Clotting
Authors: Maphumulo Siphosethu Cassandra , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and a deficiency in insulin secretion. The global diabetes pandemic relates primarily to T2DM, which is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, triggered by numerous risk factors, and the chronic activation of the immune system are prominent features of T2DM. Here we highlight the role of blood cells (platelets, and red and white blood cells) and vascular endothelial cells as drivers of systemic inflammation in T2DM. In addition, we discuss the role of microparticles (MPs) in systemic inflammation and hypercoagulation. Although once seen as inert by-products of cell activation or destruction, MPs are now considered to be a disseminated storage pool of bioactive effectors of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular function. They have been identified to circulate at elevated levels in the bloodstream of individuals with increased risk of atherothrombosis or cardiovascular disease, two significant hallmark conditions of T2DM. There is also general evidence that MPs activate blood cells, express proinflammatory and coagulant effects, interact directly with cell receptors, and transfer biological material. MPs are considered major players in the pathogenesis of many systemic inflammatory diseases and may be potentially useful biomarkers of disease activity and may not only be of prognostic value but may act as novel therapeutic targets.
A Comparative Study of Different Doses of Lignocaine on Prevention of Etomidate Induced Myoclonus during Induction of Anesthesia
Authors: Jayasingh Sarat Chandra , Nanda Sikata , Mohanty Ramakanta , Routray Sidharth S. , Dalai Issan C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims Etomidate, an intravenous (IV) induction agent known for its stable myocardial action, can produce myoclonus which can be detrimental for the cardiac patients. Though lignocaine has proven its efficacy in attenuating the etomidate-induced myoclonus, the ideal dose of lignocaine is not known. The aim of our trial was to analyze two different doses of lignocaine on the occurrence and intensity of etomidate induced myoclonus.
Materials and Methods A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 each. Patients in group A were injected lignocaine 0.5 mg/kg intravenously, group-B patients were injected lignocaine 1 mg/kg intravenously, and group-C patients were injected saline placebo. After 2 minutes, anesthesia was induced with 0.3 mg/kg of etomidate over 30 seconds. The patients were assessed for myoclonus using clinical severity scoring system during first 2 minutes of induction. Our primary outcome was the incidence of myoclonus. The severity of myoclonus and adverse effects were the secondary outcomes.
Results No remarkable variation was found regarding demographic profile among three groups. Incidence of myoclonus in groups A and B was 35% and in group C was 98%, the difference being statistically significant. Both doses of lignocaine reduced the severity of myoclonus up to same extent.
Conclusion Pretreatment with IV lignocaine 0.5mg/kg and 1 mg/kg IV remarkably decreased the occurrence and severity of myoclonus induced by etomidate up to same extent.
Evolution of Chewing Force in Geriatric Edentulous Patients
Authors: Velásquez-Ron Byron , Galárraga-Criollo María , Romero-Guerrero María , Rodriguez-Tates María , Pineda-Lopez Flavio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of chewing force in edentulous geriatric patients rehabilitated with complete dentures. Chewing function is compromised in individuals who lose all their teeth, as well as in those with complete dentures. The maintenance and recovery of the chewing function in these patients require replacement of the lost natural teeth.
Materials and Methods In this study, the chewing force was evaluated by electromyographic analysis of the temporalis and masseter muscle endings in 120 patients with old and new bimaxillary complete dentures.
Results Replacement of complete dentures was shown to improve stability, retention, occlusion, and support of the prosthesis. All jaw movements were evaluated using electromyography to assess the evolution of chewing force with and without occlusal adjustment, identify premature contact points, identify occlusal interference, respect the balanced occlusal scheme, and assess the increase in muscle strength. This study found that muscle strength in patients with prosthesis without occlusal adjustment was 527.1 N but was higher for prostheses with occlusal adjustment at 614.7 N, and this strength of 614.7 N was maintained after 1 month of control.
Conclusion The chewing force evolved in patients with complete dentures, and an increase was observed when occlusal adjustment was performed.
Formation of ilmenite-type single-crystalline MgTiO3 thin films by pulsed-laser deposition
Authors: Negishi Masamichi , Fujiwara Kohei , Tsukazaki Atsushi 
Published: December 2021

Ilmenite structure is a good playground to explore magnetism in honeycomb lattices owing to the existence of an intriguing variety of magnetism in 3d transition metal compounds. Because of the absence of magnetic ions, ilmenite-type MgTiO3 is a promising candidate for d0 transparent insulators to reveal general features of TiO6 honeycomb layers. In this study, we found an optimum growth condition to synthesize ilmenite-type single-crystalline MgTiO3 thin films on Al2O3(0001) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. By increasing oxygen pressure from roughly 10−6 to 10−1 Torr, we obtained (0001)-oriented MgTiO3 thin films with suppression of segregation of a Mg2TiO4 phase. On the triangular lattice of Al2O3, twin-domain formation is suppressed with decreasing deposition rate, resulting in the synthesis of single-crystalline MgTiO3 thin films. The bandgap of the MgTiO3 film was evaluated to be about 4.4 eV by optical absorption spectra, which implies d0 transparent insulator.
Functions with general monotone Fourier coefficients
Authors: Belov A. S. , Dyachenko M. I. , Tikhonov S. Yu. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is a study of trigonometric series with general monotone coefficients in the class

with

. Sharp estimates are proved for the Fourier coefficients of integrable and continuous functions. Also obtained are optimal results in terms of coefficients for various types of convergence of Fourier series. For

two-sided estimates are obtained for the

-moduli of smoothness of sums of series with

-coefficients, as well as for the (quasi-)norms of such sums in Lebesgue, Lorentz, Besov, and Sobolev spaces in terms of Fourier coefficients.
Bibliography: 99 titles.
The effect of visual and tactile information in motor preparation of climbing
Authors: Sugi Takahiro , Ishihara Masami 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTIn rock climbing, an appropriate motor preparation to a given climbing hold(s) is crucial for a fluent climbing. We investigated the influence of visual‐tactile information in motor preparation of climbing, particularly the effect of the number of the holds and the tactile input of an actual hold was examined. Reaction times (RTs) under the priming paradigm were compared for climbers and non‐climbers. Participants were asked to respond to a visual target (left or right arrow) after the presentation of a picture of a single climbing hold (Single‐Prime condition: SP) or two holds (Double‐Prime condition: DP). Before commencing each trial block, the participants were also asked to touch or watch an actual hold (touch /no‐touch condition). The response based on the congruity between the orientation of the hold and that of the arrow was categorised as either congruent or incongruent. An ANOVA performed on the RTs showed the congruency effect, but this was observed only in the non‐climbers. An additional analysis revealed a marginally significant climbing experience‐related interaction. In the high‐experienced climbers, the RTs in the touch condition were slower than those in the no‐touch condition but this was only in the SP condition. In the no‐touch condition, the RTs of DP were slower than those of SP. These results therefore suggest that the motor preparation is mediated by visual and tactile inputs of a given hold. The time needed for motor preparation, particularly in highly experienced climbers, may be modulated by the representational complexity of climbing movements through tactile information.Highlight
The number of the holds visually presented affected the motor preparation.
The tactile input of the climbing hold modulated the motor preparation only in the highly experienced climbers.
Our findings imply that climbing‐specific context (i.e. combination of the given holds) and experience (i.e. action competency) are involved in the motor preparation of climbing.
Creating an enabling environment for accelerating condominium energy retrofitting: case studies in Grenoble (FR) and Brussels (BE)
Authors: Monfils S , van Zeijl-Rozema A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Energy retrofitting in condominiums involves collective decision making, the complexity of which is believed to be one of the main barriers to retrofitting projects. A strong heterogeneity among the occupants in terms of age, education, income, or occupancy status, as well as varying interests and perceptions, can make it difficult to gather people around and agree on a common project. In this paper, we present the results of two in depth case studies about condominium renovation projects that took place in Grenoble (France) and Brussels (Belgium). Those in-depth case studies investigate the elements that are needed to create an enabling environment stimulating the acceleration of energy retrofitting of condominiums, and took place within the Interreg NWE “ACE Retrofitting” project. The enabling environment surrounding a successful retrofit is shown in these case studies to be more than just providing process facilitation or a financing scheme. It takes time to put an enabling environment in place. For different locations across Europe, different enabling environments are needed. Clearly, this requires giving more attention to condominiums at the local, regional, national and European levels. Among other crucial element to look for, social acceptance is at the heart of decision-making in retrofitting projects. This study concludes with propositions and policy recommendations, at the different levels of the social-ecological model.
Efficacy of Percutaneous Intraarterial Facial/Supratrochlear Arterial Hyaluronidase Injection for Treatment of Vascular Embolism Resulting From Hyaluronic Acid Filler Cosmetic Injection
Authors: Zheng Can , Fu Qiang , Zhou Gui-wen , Lai Lin-ying , Zhang Li-xia , Zhang De-quan , Chen Guo-jie , Liang Li-ming , Chen Min-liang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Vascular embolism is a serious complication of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler cosmetic injection, and hyaluronidase injection has been proposed as the treatment. Until now, there has been a lack of adequate clinical evidence regarding the benefits of treatment for HA filler-induced vascular embolism by percutaneous facial or supratrochlear arterial hyaluronidase injection.

Objectives
The authors sough to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous facial or supratrochlear arterial hyaluronidase injection as a rescue treatment for HA filler-induced vascular embolism.

Methods
We included 17 patients with vascular embolism after facial HA filler injection. Intraarterial injection of 1500 units hyaluronidase was performed via facial artery for 13 cases with skin necrosis and via supratrochlear arterial for 4 cases with severe ptosis and skin necrosis but no visual impairment. Simultaneously, general symptomatic treatment and nutritional therapy were performed.

Results
After hyaluronidase injection, facial skin necrosis in all cases was restored and ptosis in the 4 cases was also significantly relieved. Patients were subsequently followed-up for 1 month to 1 year. The skin necrosis in 16 patients completely healed, and only 1 patient had small superficial scars.

Conclusions
It is effective to alleviate skin necrosis and ptosis resulting from HA filler embolism via percutaneous facial or supratrochlear arterial hyaluronidase injection.

Level of Evidence: 4
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study among 15.8 million adults
Authors: Yi Sang-Wook , Park Hyung-Bok , Jung Mi-Hyang , Yi Jee-Jeon , Ohrr Heechoul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to investigate whether the associations between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and the optimal range differ by age and CVD subtypes.

Methods and results
Korean adults (n = 15 859 501) with no CVD/cancer who received routine health examinations during 2009–2010 were followed until 2018 for CVD mortality. During a mean 8.8 years of follow-up, 108 123 individuals died from CVD. U-curve associations were found between HDL-C and CVD mortality, regardless of sex, age, and CVD subtype. The optimal range was 50–79 mg/dL (1.29–2.06 mmol/L), while it was 40–69 (1.03–1.80), 50–79 (1.29–2.06), and 60–89 (1.55–2.32) mg/dL (mmol/L) in adults aged &lt;45 years, 45–64 years, and 65–99 years, respectively. Assuming linear associations &lt;60 mg/dL, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) per 39 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) higher level were 0.58 (95% confidence interval = 0.56–0.60), and they were 0.61 (0.52–0.72), 0.58 (0.54–0.62), and 0.59 (0.56–0.61) in individuals aged 18–44, 45–64, and 65–99 years, respectively [Pinteraction (age) = 0.845]. Assuming linear associations in the 60–150 mg/dL range, HDL-C was positively associated with CVD mortality (HR = 1.09, 1.04–1.14). The strongest association was for sudden cardiac death (SCD) (HR = 1.37), followed by heart failure (HF) (HR = 1.20) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (HR = 1.13). The HRs were 1.47 (1.23–1.76), 1.17 (1.08–1.28), and 1.03 (0.97–1.08) in individuals aged 18–44, 45–64, and 65–99 years, respectively [Pinteraction (age) &lt; 0.001].

Conclusion
Both low and high levels of HDL-C were associated with increased mortality from CVD in the general population, especially SCD, HF, and ICH. High HDL-C levels are not necessarily a sign of good cardiovascular health, especially in younger adults.
Characterization of five marine family 29 glycoside hydrolases reveals an α-L-fucosidase targeting specifically Fuc(α1,4)GlcNAc
Authors: Schultz-Johansen Mikkel , Stougaard Peter , Svensson Birte , Teze David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
$\text{L} $ -Fucose is the most widely distributed $\text{L} $-hexose in marine and terrestrial environments and presents a variety of functional roles. $\text{L} $-Fucose is the major monosaccharide in the polysaccharide fucoidan from cell walls of brown algae and is found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the Lewis blood group system, where it is important in cell signaling and immune response stimulation. Removal of fucose from these biomolecules is catalyzed by fucosidases belonging to different carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) families. Fucosidases of glycoside hydrolase family 29 (GH29) release α-$\text{L} $-fucose from non-reducing ends of glycans and display activities targeting different substrate compositions and linkage types. While several GH29 fucosidases from terrestrial environments have been characterized, much less is known about marine members of GH29 and their substrate specificities, as only four marine GH29 enzymes were previously characterized. Here, five GH29 fucosidases originating from an uncultured fucoidan-degrading marine bacterium (Paraglaciecola sp.) were cloned and produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli. All five enzymes (Fp231, Fp239, Fp240, Fp251 and Fp284) hydrolyzed the synthetic substrate CNP-α-$\text{L} $-fucose. Assayed against up to 17 fucose-containing oligosaccharides, Fp239 showed activity against the Lewis Y antigen, 2′- and 3-fucosyllactose, while Fp284 degraded 2′-fucosyllactose and Fuc(α1,6)GlcNAc. Furthermore, Fp231 displayed strict specificity against Fuc(α1,4)GlcNAc, a previously unreported specificity in GH29. Fp231 is a monomeric enzyme with pH and temperature optima at pH 5.6–6.0 and 25°C, hydrolyzing Fuc(α1,4)GlcNAc with kcat = 1.3 s−1 and Km = 660 μM. Altogether, the findings extend our knowledge about GH29 family members from the marine environment, which are so far largely unexplored.
Internationalization, value-chain configuration, and the adoption of additive manufacturing technologies
Authors: Magnani Giovanna , Denicolai Stefano , Petersen Bent 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we empirically explore the relationships among process innovation, internationalization, and the reconfiguration of the firm’s activities at the global level. In particular, we analyze the extent to which these factors are related to the propensity to adopt additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. Internationalization and value-chain configuration are measured using various dimensions, and we find that the impact on the adoption of AM technologies is moderated by the firms’ absorptive capacity. Our empirical findings are drawn from a proprietary database covering 197 manufacturing firms.
Frequent Development of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Early Life in a Large Cohort of Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Lucier Amanda , Fong Youyi , Li Shuk Hang , Dennis Maria , Eudailey Joshua , Nelson Ashley , Saunders Kevin , Cunningham Coleen K , McFarland Elizabeth , McKinney Ross , Moody M Anthony , LaBranche Celia , Montefiori David , Permar Sallie R , Fouda Genevieve G 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have indicated that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in children may develop earlier after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to adults.MethodsWe evaluated plasma from 212 antiretroviral therapy-naive children with HIV (1–3 years old). Neutralization breadth and potency was assessed using a panel of 10 viruses and compared to adults with chronic HIV. The magnitude, epitope specificity, and immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass distribution of Env-specific antibodies were assessed using a binding antibody multiplex assay.ResultsOne-year-old children demonstrated neutralization breadth comparable to chronically infected adults, whereas 2- and 3-year-olds exhibited significantly greater neutralization breadth (P = .014). Likewise, binding antibody responses increased with age, with levels in 2- and 3-year-old children comparable to adults. Overall, there was no significant difference in antibody specificities or IgG subclass distribution between the pediatric and adult cohorts. It is interesting to note that the neutralization activity was mapped to a single epitope (CD4 binding site, V2 or V3 glycans) in only 5 of 38 pediatric broadly neutralizing samples, which suggests that most children may develop a polyclonal neutralization response.ConclusionsThese results contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that initiating HIV immunization early in life may present advantages for the development of broadly neutralizing antibody responses.