bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Inexpensive, Recordable, DIY Digital Ultrasound‐coupled Stethoscope for Medical Education
Authors: Resuehr David , Barger J. Bradley 
Published: June 2021

For approximately 20 years, electronic and digital stethoscopes have been available. These devices were developed with at least three goals: improving auscultation of heart sounds, saving phonocardiograms in a digital format, and sharing heart sounds over the internet (telemedicine). In the last five years these devices have become inexpensive and widely available, such that research on their use in medical education has been published. The publication record demonstrates improved student learning when using digital stethoscopes for training of auscultation. Despite the utility of electronic stethoscopes, drawbacks exist, primarily cost of the devices; many of the commercially available devices are still nearly US$500. The project described here makes use of low cost stethoscopes and microphone systems to produce DIY digital stethoscopes appropriate for medical education with a total per‐unit cost of only ~US$20. Other advantages of the new system described here (termed “DigiStet”) include opensource hardware and software, meaning the device can be modified for other applications by the end user. In addition to describing several methods of constructing wireless digital stethoscopes, this project describes the use of the “DigiStet” to record heart sounds while simultaneously recording synchronized ultrasound images of the heart. We are unaware of any publications on this novel use of the digital stethoscope, i.e. recording heart sounds and ultrasound images simultaneously. These recordings are demonstrated to students in conjunction with the Wigger's Diagram to help first‐year medical students better visualize heart structure, function, action, and auscultation. We are planning on conducting a focus group with the first‐year students after their cardiology module to assess their opinions of the new technology, assess their knowledge acquisition, and look for improvements to future iterations of the DigiStet.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Construction of an Instrument for Evaluating the Accuracy and Utility of Virtual 3D Middle and Inner Ear Models in Students' Short‐ and Long‐term Retention
Authors: Meyer Edgar R. , Dehon Erin , Notebaert Andrew , Eby Thomas L. , Cui Dongmei 
Published: June 2021

In medical education, 3D anatomical models are frequently used to help medical trainees master human anatomy. In the clinical setting, 3D models are used to guide residents and physicians in devising optimal surgical approaches to access specific anatomical regions and treat pathological structures. Since there are variations among 3D models, experts will be asked, using a list of generated survey questions, for their opinions on what anatomical structures and three‐dimensional relationships are most critical in 3D models of the middle and inner ear for the purpose of educating medical trainees. Experts will be faculty (physicians and scientists) who have proficiency pertaining to the middle and inner ear and who are involved in educating medical trainees on these anatomical regions. Their opinions will be solicited using email communications and/or interviews (in‐person or phone) with the generated survey questions. All of the expert responses will be compiled into a list of survey items to send to all of the experts. The experts will be asked to review each potential item in the list and rate the importance of each item in medical training using a Likert scale of 1 = not important to 4 = extremely important. Responses will be used to calculate a content validity index (CVI) and determine whether an item will be retained. The CVI for each item is the proportion of experts who rate the item as 3 or 4 (important) versus 1 or 2 (not important). As recommended in the literature, CVIs that are less than 0.83 will be dropped from the evaluation tool. This process of using two rounds of questionnaires targeting experts follows a Delphi method procedure which is also well established in the literature. The results of these surveys and statistical measures will be used to develop an instrument that can be used to evaluate the accuracy and utility of virtual 3D models of the middle and inner ear in medical training. Future studies will focus on the effectiveness of middle and inner ear models and on the evaluation of graduate and medical students' and residents' short‐ and long‐term retention of the 3D relationships pertaining to these regions.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Efficacy of Gross Anatomy Cadaver Online Video Learning Modules in First‐Year Physical Therapy Students
Authors: Poletti Mary , Rihm Jessica , Egan Casey , Day Leslie 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if online video modules (videos) identifying dissected cadaveric structures improve physical therapy students' learning and understanding of Gross Anatomy material assessed by performance on laboratory practicals. Current research in other disciplines suggests utilizing online resources will benefit students' learning of complex material. However, a gap in the research exists in relation to the benefits of video usage within the population of physical therapy students learning gross anatomy. A cohort of 110 first‐year Doctorate of Physical Therapy students were included in the study. Six interactive videos were created that taught the identification and relationships of multiple anatomic structures of varying levels of difficulty. Subjects viewed the videos prior to corresponding in‐person laboratory session. A likert‐scale and open‐ended questionnaire was administered to assess overall usefulness of videos and students' confidence with the material covered in the cadaveric videos. Video metadata was collected and analyzed to deduce student usage of the videos throughout the course. In addition, student practical exam scores were analyzed to compare accuracy of identifying structures discussed in the videos compared to structures not discussed in the videos of relative difficulty. The results provided evidence to support implementing interactive video modules to improve practical exam performance and confidence of material in a gross anatomy course for physical therapy students.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Cadaver vs. Microsoft HoloLens: A Comparison of Educational Outcomes of a Breast Anatomy Module
Authors: Yong Valeda , Sridharan Preethy , Ali Sajjaad Ahmad , Tingle Galen , Enterline Rebecca , Ulrey Lauren , Tan Lisa , Eastman Henry , Gotschall Robert , Henninger Erin , Griswold Mark , Wish‐Baratz Susanne 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEMicrosoft HoloLens (HL) mixed reality technology offers students a novel modality to visualize clinically important anatomical structures, such as the breast, which are uniquely challenging to discern with the naked eye in traditional cadaveric dissection. In this study, we developed a 3‐D anatomical model of the breast and integrated it into a dynamic, educational module on the HoloLens. Here, we report the educational outcomes and overall impressions of medical students learning breast anatomy through our module, as compared with traditional dissections.METHODSA mixed reality breast anatomy module was created using AutoDesk 3DSMax and integrated into the HoloLens device. 38 first‐year medical students were then recruited and divided into two groups: one participated in the HL module prior to dissecting the cadaveric breast, and the second dissected the cadaveric breast prior to the HL module. Before and after each teaching modality, participants answered seven comprehension‐based breast anatomy questions and a survey about their experience.RESULTSOur results show that scores on the comprehension‐based questions significantly improved more after the HL module than after the dissection (p=0.0209). Additionally, students appear to react more positively to the HL module than the dissection, regardless of which they were presented with first (p = 0.0008).CONCLUSIONSThe present study demonstrates that students show better comprehension outcomes of breast structures using the HL. This is likely due to the ability to visualize structures that cannot be seen in the cadaver. Additionally, students appear to react more positively about learning breast anatomy through the HL module than through cadaveric dissection. Our results will be important in informing a future technology‐driven medical education, especially in using mixed reality to supplement what a traditional cadaveric dissection may lack.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of Interventions on Spatial Abilities in Anatomy Education: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Langlois Jean , Bellemare Christian , Toulouse Josée , Wells George A. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSpatial abilities have been correlated to anatomy knowledge assessment using practical examination, 3D‐synthesis from 2D‐views, drawing of views, and cross‐sections in a previous systematic review. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of interventions on spatial abilities in the field of anatomy education.MethodsSearch criteria included ‘interventions', ‘spatial abilities' and ‘anatomy’. Keywords related to these criteria were defined. A literature search was conducted to August 3, 2017 in Scopus and EBSCOhost platform (Medline with Full Text, Cinahl Plus with Full Text, ERIC, Education Source, and PsycInfo). Citations were reviewed and those involving the field of anatomy education, an intervention, and a spatial abilities test were retained and the corresponding full‐text articles were reviewed for inclusion. Citations related to abstracts, literature reviews, books, book sections, and theses were excluded. Citations and full‐text articles were reviewed by two independent investigators. Methods in the field of anatomy education relating an intervention to spatial abilities test scores obtained before and after the intervention were identified as eligible. Eligible articles were reviewed in a systematic way and assessed for quality using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network‐50 assessment instruments. Effect sizes using standardized mean differences were calculated since different measurement scales for spatial abilities test scores were used. If I2 was greater than 50%, then heterogeneity was formally evaluated and random effects model was considered.ResultsOf the 2405 citations obtained, 52 articles were identified and reviewed, yielding 8 eligible articles. Instruction in anatomy and mental rotations training were found to improve spatial abilities. For the 7 studies retained for the meta‐analysis that included the effect of interventions on spatial abilities test scores, the pooled difference was 0.68 [95% CI (0.40; 0.95); n = 11] improvement with an I2 of 82%. For the 2 studies that included the practice effect on spatial abilities test scores in a control group, the pooled difference was 0.59 [95% CI (0.41; 0.76); n = 2] improvement with an I2 of 0%. In these 2 studies, the impact of the intervention on spatial abilities test scores was found valid despite the practice effect.ConclusionEvidence was found for improvement of spatial abilities in the field of anatomy education using instruction in anatomy and mental rotations training.Support or Funding InformationFunding: none.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Infraorbital Foramen is Located between Nasospinale and Jugale
Authors: Russell Michelle L. , Koons Aaron W. , Bliss Kaitlyn N. , Mangus Kelsey R. , Zdilla Matthew J. 
Published: June 2021

Identification of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) is important in infraorbital nerve block and the prevention of iatrogenic injury of the infraorbital nerve in maxillofacial surgeries. Though many methods have been proposed for identifying the location of the IOF, numerous inconsistencies exist among them. This study assessed the location of 1272 infraorbital foramina, from crania varied by age, sex, and geographic origin, relative to a midpoint of a line segment spanning from nasospinale to jugale (NS‐J). On average, the midpoint was located 1.92±1.85 mm (mean±SD) from the IOF. Most often, the midpoint was located either directly upon the IOF (Mode=0; 404:1272; 31.8%) or inferior to the IOF (403:1272; 31.7%). The NS‐J midpoint can be used to locate the infraorbital foramen in both females and males of varied geographic populations and ages regardless of craniofacial diversity. The results of this study may aid in the approach to infraorbital nerve block procedures and maxillofacial surgery.Support or Funding InformationWV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06] and [HEPC.dsr.14.13]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Extracellular Matrix Protection Factor‐2 Reduces Collagen Degradation in Primary Serum‐Free Cultures of Inflamed Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Chmielewski Sarah , Mattioli Patrisia , Isaac Tamika , Buckley Andrea Lynn , Seutter Sara , Gambardella Eric , Green Kevan , Shamseddin Seyed , Borghaei Ruth , Selim Abdulhafez , D'Angelo Marina 
Published: June 2021

Some form of periodontal disease affects nearly everyone over the age of 30. The hallmarks of periodontal disease include inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding the teeth and concomitant collagen degradation in the extracellular matrix of gingival fibroblasts. Our laboratory has developed a novel enzyme inhibitor, Extracellular Matrix Protection Factor‐2 (ECPF‐2), that can reversibly interfere with the collagenase, matrix metalloprotease‐8 (MMP‐8), and its ability to digest its substrate, collagen type I. Serum‐free, primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (HGVF) isolated from tissue removed during oral surgery were established (passages 1 through 4). The tissue was collected from a patient population that included (a) non‐inflamed, non‐smokers, (b) inflamed non‐smokers, (c) inflamed previous smokers and (d) inflamed current smokers. The cell layer and associated extracellular matrix of these cultures was tested for collagen degradation utilizing an immunosorbence assay that measures degradation fragments generated when collagenase digests fibrillar collagen type I. Cells isolated from noninflamed tissue produced 2.56ng/culture degraded collagen, while inflamed tissue produced an average of 8.11 ng/culture. When smoking was considered as a factor, cultures of inflamed gingival fibroblasts prepared from a current smoker produced the most degraded collagen per culture (9.83 ng/culture current smoker, 7.90 ng/culture previous smoker and 6.64 ng/culture non‐smoker). Treatment for 24 hours with 5 ug ECPF‐2 reduced the amount of degraded collagen produced in gingival fibroblast cultures isolated from the inflamed current smoker by 15% (9.80 ng/culture untreated versus 8.45 ng/culture ECPF‐2 treated). These data support the therapeutic potential of ECPF‐2 to slow degradation of gingival tissue associated with periodontal diseaseSupport or Funding InformationCenter for Chronic Disorders of Aging Pilot Grant and PCOM's Division of ResearchThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Comparison of 3D Ultrasound Imaging to Computed Tomography in Knee Osteophyte Depiction
Authors: Vendries Valeria , Ungi Tamas , Kunz Manuela , MacKenzie Leslie W. , Venne Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundOsteophytes (marginal bony outgrowths) are a common radiographic marker of osteoarthritis (OA) and joint degeneration. However, due to their variable morphologic composition, osteophytes are not accurately depicted using conventional imaging modalities. This represents problems for evaluating the anatomical changes of the osteoarthritic joint, and for the design of surgical interventions that rely on the accuracy of pre‐operative images. Studies have shown that ultrasound is a promising tool to detect articular changes such as the presence of osteophytes, and to monitor the progression of OA. Furthermore, 3D ultrasound (3DUS), a tool for volume rendering and surface representation, can potentially offer a means to quantify and depict osteophytes.ObjectiveTo compare osteophyte depiction in the knee joint using 3DUS and conventional Computed Tomography (CT) and to evaluate the ability of 3DUS at quantifying osteophyte surface depiction.MethodsEleven fresh‐frozen‐thawed human cadaveric knees were pre‐scanned for the presence of osteophytes according to a previously validated US semi‐quantitative grading system. Five knee sides with visible signs of OA were selected; 3DUS and CT images were obtained, segmented and digitally 3D reconstructed. The knees were dissected and Structured Light Scanner (SLS) images of the physical joint surface were obtained. Using a custom software, surface matching and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of each of the evaluated modalities in capturing the anatomy of the bone surface at the sites of osteophytes. 3DUS and CT models were compared to the SLS model, which was used as ground truth.ResultsThe average RMSE for 3DUS to SLS and for CT to SLS model comparisons were 0.87 mm and 0.95 mm respectively. No statistical difference was found between 3DUS and CT (p=0.43). Comparative observation of imaging modalities set against each other suggests that 3DUS is superior in depicting osteophytes with cartilage and fibrocartilage tissue characteristics compared to CT.Conclusions3D Ultrasound can depict features of OA such as osteophytes together with their cartilaginous portion, which is not accurately represented using CT. It is feasible to compare 3DUS to conventional imaging for bone surface depiction within the knee joint. Lastly, 3DUS can provide useful information about not only the presence, but the extent of osteophytes.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Variation in Gantzer muscle origin, insertion, and innervation
Authors: Celuck Tyler J. , Andrews Reed C. , Pacurari Paula , Russell Michelle L. , Zdilla Matthew J. , Lambert H. Wayne 
Published: June 2021

Gantzer muscles are inconsistent muscular variations in the anterior forearm. When present, Gantzer muscles usually arise from the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and insert into the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) or, less often, the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). The presence of Gantzer muscles can cause a compressive neuropathy affecting the anterior interosseous nerve (Kiloh‐Nevin syndrome), and these muscles must be considered when anterior forearm fasciotomies are performed for the management of acute compartment syndrome. While Gantzer muscles have been commonly reported, many studies neglect to report the innervation of the muscle and its relationship with nearby nerves. This study assessed 40 forearms from 20 cadaveric specimens to determine the prevalence of the origin and insertion of the Gantzer muscle. Furthermore, innervation was assessed along with the potential for nearby nerve compression. Gantzer muscles were present in 26 of 40 (65.0%) forearms, and all of the 22 intact muscles originated from the FDS, after noting four proximal attachments were damaged during student dissections. Concerning the 24 intact distal attachments of the Gantzer muscles, 20 (83.3%) muscles inserted into the FPL, two (8.3%) muscles inserted into the FDP solely, and one (4.2%) inserted at both the FDP and FPL. In addition, one forearm presented with duplicated and bifurcated Gantzer muscles with one tendon inserting into the FDP and the other one into the FPL. The innervation of the 21 Gantzer muscles was identified with the anterior interosseous nerve innervating 16 muscles (76.2%). In the five remaining Gantzer muscles, four (19.0%) were innervated solely by the median nerve, and one (4.8%) had a dual innervation from both of the two aforementioned nerves. In the one forearm with a bifurcated Gantzer muscle, the authors agreed upon an inherent anatomical predisposition for median nerve entrapment.Support or Funding InformationWest Virginia University Initiation to Research Opportunities (WVU – INTRO); WV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06] and [HEPC.dsr.14.13]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Inhibition of Epstein‐Barr Virus by an Atypical Antipsychotic
Authors: Anderson Abbie , Weseli Joshua , Gorres Kelly 
Published: June 2021

The Epstein‐Barr Virus (EBV) is a member of the herpes virus family and causes infectious mononucleosis. Epstein‐Barr Virus was the first virus discovered to cause cancer in humans. After infection with EBV, the virus maintains a lifelong dormant infection within the host. The virus's life cycle consists of two phases, the latent and the lytic phase. The latent phase allows the virus to lie dormant within the host without presenting any symptoms, while during the lytic phase the virus reproduces and spreads among cells. The virus switches between the latent and lytic phases in response to environmental stimuli, including some pharmaceuticals. We investigated the response of the virus to atypical antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Atypical antipsychotics, also known as second generation antipsychotics, have a different chemical structure and are generally more effective than the typical (first generation) antipsychotics. The effects of varying concentrations of the drugs on the reactivation of EBV into the lytic cycle were tested. The degree of viral reactivation was measured by expression of the viral BZLF1 gene, a regulatory gene expressed during reactivation into the Epstein‐Barr Virus lytic cycle. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) monitored BZLF1 gene expression. Expression of the BZLF1 gene and viral reactivation was found to be inhibited. Understanding the conditions and cellular pathways that inhibit the lytic phase of the virus will help to better understand the virus's life cycle in order to develop treatments for cancers caused by Epstein‐Barr Virus.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by the UWL College of Science and Health, UWL Faculty Research Grants to KLG, and Undergraduate Research and Creativity grants to AGA.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.