bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DIVERSITY OF TREMATODES IN FISHES FROM THE MIDDLE COURSE OF THE RIVER SAVA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Authors: Skenderović Isat , Adrović Avdul 
Published: November 2021

UDK: 597:576.89(497.6) (282.249)
The prevalence and intensity of trematodes ectoparasites in freshwater fish are presented in this paper. Parasitology researches were conducted during 2017 in the middle course of the river Sava near Orašje. All results from this study were tested with the use of nonparametric tests (χ2, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman test of corellation) in the statistical package STATISTICA 7. The total of 400 sampled specimens of different fish species were parasitologically tested. The trematodes from the class Monogenea (Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus and Eudiplozoon nipponicum) and Digenea (Posthodiplostomum cuticola) were found on the skin and the gills of the fish. The genus Dactylogyrus was found on 27 specimens, or 6.75%. Intensity of the infection for the genus Dactylogyrus did not show any significant deviations during different seasons. Parasites from the genus Gyrodactylus were found on the skin and the gills of 40 infected specimens, dominantly found on the gills. The species Eudiplozoon nipponicum was found in low prevalence in the total ichthyo sample of 1.75%. The presence of the species Posthodiplostomum cuticola is established in 18 specimens and the prevalence of the infection in total sample was 4.5%.
Identifying Inconclusive Data in the SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Diagnostic Using Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein Gene as a Target
Authors: Klein Raphael Contelli , Klein Mary Hellen Fabres , Barbosa Larissa Gomes , Gonzaga Knnup Lívia Vasconcelos , Rodrigues Venâncio Larissa Paola , Lima Jonilson Berlink , Araújo-Santos Théo 
Published: November 2021

Context.—
The gold standard test to identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients is the real-time reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), but inconclusive data and false-positive diagnosis remain the major problem of this approach.

Objective.—
To compare the fitness of 2 primer sets to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein gene (NP) in the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19, we verified the inconclusive data and confidence of high cycle threshold (Ct) values in SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Design.—
The 970 patient samples were tested by using United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protocol. We compared the fitness of 2 primer sets to 2 different regions of the NP gene. In addition, we checked the consistency of positive samples with high Ct values by retesting extracted SARS-CoV-2 RNA or by second testing of patients.

Results.—
N1 and N2 displayed similar fitness during testing, with no differences between Ct values. Then, we verified security range Ct values related to positive diagnostics, with Ct values above 34 failing in 21 of 32 cases (65.6%) after retesting of samples. The patient samples with Ct values above 34.89 that were doubly positive revealed a low sensitivity (52.4%) and specificity (63.6%) of the test in samples with Ct values above 34.

Conclusions.—
It is safe to use 1 primer set for the NP gene to identify SARS-CoV-2 in samples. However, samples with high Ct values may be considered inconclusive and retested to avoid false-positive diagnosis.
Experiencias innovadoras e integradoras de justicia restaurativa en ejecución de condena: proyecto restauravidas. Reintegración en el país de origen
Authors: Lozano Espina Francisca , Fernández Sedano Itziar 
Published: November 2021

La presente publicación sintetiza un estudio basado en datos descriptivos provenientes del desarrollo de un programa de intervención con personas españolas condenadas a privación de libertad en elextranjero por el tráfico de drogas. El doble objetivo de este trabajo radica en el análisis de determinados procesos psicológicos, criminológicos y restaurativos presentes en estas personas en su proceso de Reintegración tras la experiencia traumática, así como la detección del perfil mayoritario en este tipo de delitos, para la aplicación de este conocimiento decara a futuras políticas y acciones sensibilizadoras y preventivas.
Toxicity of clothianidin to common Eastern North American fireflies
Authors: Pearsons Kirsten Ann , Lower Sarah E. , Tooker John F. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Previous research suggests that fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are susceptible to commonly used insecticides. In the United States, there has been a rapid and widespread adoption of neonicotinoid insecticides, predominantly used as seed coatings on large-acreage crops like corn, soy, and cotton. Neonicotinoid insecticides are persistent in soil yet mobile in water, so they have potential to contaminate firefly habitats both in and adjacent to application sites. As a result, fireflies may be at high risk of exposure to neonicotinoids, possibly jeopardizing this already at-risk group of charismatic insects.

Methods
To assess the sensitivity of fireflies to neonicotinoids, we exposed larvae of Photuris versicolor complex and Photinus pyralis to multiple levels of clothianidin-treated soil and monitored feeding behavior, protective soil chamber formation, intoxication, and mortality.

Results
Pt. versicolor and Pn. pyralis larvae exhibited long-term intoxication and mortality at concentrations above 1,000 ng g−1 soil (1 ppm). Under sub-lethal clothianidin exposure, firefly larvae fed less and spent less time in protective soil chambers, two behavioral changes that could decrease larval survival in the wild.

Discussion
Both firefly species demonstrated sub-lethal responses in the lab to clothianidin exposure at field-realistic concentrations, although Pt. versicolor and Pn. pyralis appeared to tolerate higher clothianidin exposure relative to other soil invertebrates and beetle species. While these two firefly species, which are relatively widespread in North America, appear somewhat tolerant of neonicotinoid exposure in a laboratory setting, further work is needed to extend this conclusion to wild populations, especially in rare or declining taxa.
Socio-Cultural and Economic Importance of Kete Weaving in Agortime Traditional Area, Ghana
Authors: Wemegah Ivy-Linda , Danso Daniel Kwabena , Adom Dickson 
Published: November 2021

Aims: The study investigated the socio-cultural and economic importance of Ewe Kete cloth to the people. It aimed at finding out how the Kete weaving developed as a vocation in the Agortime traditional area, the socio-cultural and economic significance of Kete weaving to the people and how the Kete weaving was incorporated into the teaching and learning processes in the various educational institutions in the Agortime traditional area.
Study Design: The study employed the quantitative approach using descriptive cross-sectional survey design.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: This study was conducted among the weaving communities in the Agortime-Kpetoe traditional area from February 2019 to November 2019.
Methodology: The simple random sampling technique was used to sample the 100 male Kete weavers. Self-designed questionnaire was used as data collection instrument. Reliability analysis of the questionnaire showed high reliability with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86. The quantitative data were descriptively analyzed and presented in tables as frequency counts and percentages using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: The study revealed that Kete weaving industry is a source of employment, income, clothing and socio-cultural identity to the people. The findings of this study revealed that Kete weaving and usage features prominently during lessons involving Basic Design and Technology, Religious and Moral Education as well as Social Studies in schools within Agortime-Kpetoe traditional area.
Conclusion: It was recommended, among others, that financial institutions in the North Dayi District should provide credit facilities and financial support services to Kete weavers and sellers to enable them expand their industry and business activities. Also, the North Dayi District Assembly in liaison with the Small Scale and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Commission should provide credit facilities and financial support services to Kete weavers and other rural crafts to pave way for sustainable rural development.
Virtual Screening through Molecular Docking Analysis to Identify Potential Natural Inhibitor(s) of Lyn Tyrosine Kinase- An In-silico Approach
Authors: Kulavi Sohini , Banerjee Soham , Sengupta Titav , Ghosh Chandreyi , Saha Moumita , Chatterjee Sirshendu 
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer on becoming one of the leading cancer types, emerged as an important barrier in increasing life expectancy of the overall population. In the current study, some compounds were screened based on literature survey for the identification of natural bioactive compounds as potential inhibitors of Lyn tyrosine kinase. Therefore, a multi-step molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock embedded in the MGL Tools. After initial screening, molecules having a higher docking score and binding free energy compared to Tamoxifen were considered for further assessment. Some already known synthetic lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor have been used for better understanding of the comparative study. Based on in silico Lipinski filter analysis, toxicity prediction, pharmacokinetic analysis, four compounds were proposed to be promising inhibitors of Lyn tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, the binding interactions of all proposed inhibitors of Lyn showed strong ligand efficiency in terms of energy score obtained with the help of molecular modelling analyses. Hence, the proposed compounds out of which three are bioactive compounds might be taken forward as potential next-generation Lyn kinase inhibitors for managing Lyn associated breast cancer after experimental authentication.
Relation of MRI‐Detected Features of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis to Pain, Performance‐Based Function, and Daily Walking: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Maxwell J. L. , Neogi T. , Crossley Kay M. , Macri Erin M. , White Dan , Guermazi A. , Roemer F. W. , Nevitt M. C. , Lewis C. E. , Torner J. C. , Stefanik J. J. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe study objective was to determine the relationship of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detected features of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis to pain and functional outcomes.MethodsWe sampled 1,099 participants from the 60‐month visit of the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (mean ± SD age: 66.8 ± 7.5 years; body mass index: 29.6 ± 4.8; 65% female). We determined the prevalence of MRI‐detected features of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (eg, cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions, and osteophytes) and assessed the relationship between these features and knee pain severity, knee pain on stairs, chair stand time, and walking less than 6,000 steps per day. We evaluated the relationship of MRI features to each outcome using logistic and linear regression, adjusting for potential covariates.ResultsParticipants with cartilage damage in 3‐4 subregions had the highest mean pain severity (22.0/100; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.6‐26.4 mm). They also showed higher odds of having at least mild pain on stairs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.7‐6.5) and of walking less than 6,000 steps per day (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1‐4.4) compared with those without cartilage damage. Participants with bone marrow lesions in 3‐4 subregions had higher odds of at least mild pain on stairs than those without (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.2‐5.2). Participants with osteophytes in 3‐4 subregions also had higher odds of walking less than 6,000 steps/day (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3‐3.5, respectively).ConclusionMRI‐detected features of osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint are related to pain and functional performance. This knowledge highlights the need to develop treatments for those with patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis to improve pain and maximize function.
Efficiency of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Sensitized Triplet Upconversion Doubled in Three‐Component System
Authors: Yurash Brett , Dixon Alana , Espinoza Carolina , Mikhailovsky Alexander , Chae Sangmin , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs in many fields, the most exciting endeavors in photon upconversion research focus on increasing the efficiency (upconversion quantum yield) and performance (anti‐Stokes shift) while diminishing the cost of production. In this vein, studies employing metal‐free thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizers have garnered increased interest. Here, for the first time, the strategy of ternary photon upconversion is utilized with the TADF sensitizer 2,4,5,6‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN), resulting in a doubling of the upconversion quantum yield in comparison to the binary system employing p‐terphenyl as the emitter. In this ternary blend, the sensitizer 4CzIPN is paired with an intermediate acceptor, 1‐methylnaphthalene, in addition to the emitter molecule, p‐terphenyl, yielding a normalized upconversion quantum yield of 7.6% while maintaining the 0.83 eV anti‐Stokes shift. These results illustrate the potential benefits of utilizing this strategy of energy‐funneling, previously used only with heavy‐metal based sensitizers, to increase the performance of these photon upconversion systems.
Future Directions for Ureteral Stent Technology: From Bench to the Market
Authors: Domingues Beatriz , Pacheco Margarida , de la Cruz Julia E. , Carmagnola Irene , Teixeira‐Santos Rita , Laurenti Marco , Can Fusun , Bohinc Klemen , Moutinho Fabíola , Silva Joana M. , Aroso Ivo M. , Lima Estêvão , Reis Rui L. , Ciardelli Gianluca , Cauda Valentina , Mergulhão Filipe J. , Gálvez Federico S. , Barros Alexandre A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUreteral stents are broadly used for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies, with different complexities and characteristics. Despite being efficient, the morbidity associated with stents, such as bacterial infection and pain, limits their therapeutic action and often represents an increase in healthcare costs. As no single solution fits all problems, there is still a need to improve these medical devices. Throughout this review, the most recent innovations are outlined and suggestions regarding future directions for ureteral stent technology are formulated with respect to materials, coatings, and designs of these devices. As highlighted here, during the process of passing these innovations to the growing market of ureteral stents, one of the biggest challenges is to increase the predictive value of the in vitro assays and, consequently, reduce the number of in vivo tests needed. Thus, recommendations concerning in vitro standard testing of these devices are provided, with focus on medium, flow conditions, and microbiological parameters. Additionally, the reader is also presented with insights about a crucial but rarely discussed topic, the bureaucratic part of the bench to market process, particularly the product certification legislation in Europe.
High‐performance Stretchable Organic Thermoelectric Generator via Rational Thermal Interface Design for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wang Yalong , Zhou Ziyang , Zhou Jianbang , Shao Lihua , Wang Yao , Deng Yuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompliant thermoelectric generators (TEGs) hold great promise in the field of self‐powered wearable electronics. Yet, the low heat transfer efficiency arising from large thermal resistance between elastic encapsulating materials and the contacted objects severely lowers the thermopower. This issue is much more challenging for organic TEG (oTEG) due to the high parasitic heat loss in the whole polymer system. Herein, guided by finite element analyses, a polydimethylsiloxane based composite coated with Cu is developed as a thermal interface without compromising the compliance of the oTEG, which possesses the merits of high thermal conductivity and significantly reduced thermal resistance, thus maximizing the temperature difference utilization ratio to 86%, which is 75.5% higher than for a routine oTEG. As a proof‐of‐concept, 50 pairs of p/n porous polyurethane/single‐wall carbon nanotube TE legs are integrated onto the designed substrate without further encapsulation. Both simulations and experiments on output performance under various thermal conditions are carried out, and show excellent agreement. The in situ output performance tests under various deformation conditions reveal the mechanical robustness of the oTEG. Finally, an oTEG functioning as a body heat harvester and an environment temperature sensor are demonstrated. The outstanding performances unambiguously demonstrate the success of the thermal interface design strategy for promoting oTEGs applied as wearable electronics.
Ligand‐Mediated Self‐Terminating Growth of Single‐Atom Pt on Au Nanocrystals for Improved Formic Acid Oxidation Activity
Authors: Liu Moxuan , Liu Zhaojun , Xie Miao , Zhang Zhixue , Zhang Shumeng , Cheng Tao , Gao Chuanbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDecreasing the ensemble size of Pt to isolated single atoms is the key to enhance the electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) by bypassing the indirect reaction path that involves the poisoning by the CO intermediate. However, it is challenging to construct isolated Pt single atoms on a foreign metal substrate, especially at high Pt loadings, because Pt tends to form large ensembles due to the high Pt–Pt bond energy. Herein, a ligand‐mediated self‐terminating growth strategy is reported for reliably controlling the ensemble size of Pt on an Au substrate. The key is to introduce a ligand of sulfite (SO32−) into the synthesis, which preferentially adsorbs at Pt sites, thus substantially increasing the kinetic barrier toward Pt–Pt bond formation. This strategy enables reliable formation of isolated Pt single atoms even at high Pt loadings (up to 26% coverage on Au), which is difficult to achieve by regular syntheses. The resulting catalyst exhibits a high FAOR activity of 38.6 A mgPt−1 in 0.5 m H2SO4+0.25 m HCOOH, 370 times greater than that of the commercial Pt/C. It is believed this strategy is general and potentially applicable to the fabrication of a wide range of noble metal catalysts with tailored ensemble sizes for energy conversion.
Near‐Unity Triplet Generation Promoted via Spiro‐Conjugation
Authors: Lv Meng , Lu Xicun , Jiang Yanrong , Sandoval‐Salinas María E. , Casanova David , Sun Haitao , Sun Zhenrong , Xu Jianhua , Yang Youjun , Chen Jinquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn intersystem crossing (ISC) rate constant of 1.0×1011 s−1 was previously registered with a spiro‐bis‐benzophenone scaffold. Triplet generation efficiency could be further enhanced by stabilizing the spiro‐charge‐transfer (CT) state and rationally designing spiro‐compounds (SCTs) that consist of electron‐rich diphenyl ether as the spiro‐CT donor and electron‐deficient dinaphthyl ketone as the spiro‐CT acceptor. Through fine‐tuning of the energy level between the CT and high energy triplet states, near‐unity triplet generation quantum yield was achieved and the underlying ISC mechanism is revealed by using ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Potential triplet sensitizing application was demonstrated in SCTs. Our findings suggest that a spiro‐bichromophoric molecular system with an enhanced spiro‐charge transfer warrants efficient triplet generation and is a powerful strategy of heavy‐atom‐free triplet sensitizers with predictable ISC properties.
Assembly of Hexagonal Column Interpenetrated Spheres from Plant Polyphenol/Cationic Surfactants and Their Application as Antimicrobial Molecular Banks
Authors: Shen Yutan , Li Shikun , Qi Ruilian , Wu Chunxian , Yang Ming , Wang Jie , Cai Zhuojun , Liu Kaiang , Yue Jiling , Guan Bo , Han Yuchun , Wang Shu , Wang Yilin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicrobial infections have become a great threat to human health and one of the main risks arises from direct contact with the surfaces contaminated by pathogenic microbes. Herein, a kind of hexagonal column interpenetrated spheres (HCISs) are fabricated by non‐covalent assembly of plant gallic acid with quaternary ammonium surfactants. Different from one‐time burst release of conventional antimicrobial agents, the HCIS acts like a “antimicrobial molecular bank” and releases the antimicrobial ingredients in a multistage way, leading to long‐lasting antimicrobial performance. Taking advantage of strong hydrophobicity and adhesion, HCISs are applicable to various substrates and endowed with anti‐water washing property, thus showing high in vitro antimicrobial efficiency (>99 %) even after being used for 10 cycles. Meanwhile, HCISs exhibit broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, and have good biocompatibility with mammalian cells. Such a low‐cost and portable long‐lasting antimicrobial agent meets the growing anti‐infection demand in public spaces.
A highly resilient and ultra‐sensitive hydrogel for wearable sensors
Authors: Luo Chunhui , Huang Min , Liu Hongmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConductive hydrogels have drawn increasing attention, but their applications are severely hindered due to insufficient sensitivities at tiny strains and poor recovery ratio upon external loads. Herein, a poly(vinyl alcohol)/aluminum sulfate composite hydrogel (T‐PVA‐Al) was designed to address this issue by introducing aluminum sulfate into poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solution, followed with three freezing–thawing cycles. The triply dynamic knots (hydrogen bonds, crystalline regions, and coordination interactions) worked in tandem to achieve high resilience (94% recovery ratio after 100 cycles) and fatigue resistance. Remarkably, the introduction of the immobile Al3+ cation and free sulfate (SO42−) anion endowed the T‐PVA‐Al hydrogel with outstanding sensitivity (a gauge factor=13.9, at 0.2% strain). It could precisely and quickly monitor external stress as low as 0.5 kPa, superior to most conductive hydrogels. Notably, the hydrogel sensor possessed the capacity to precisely and reliably detect subtle variations, for example, gentle finger touching, making it an ideal candidate for human‐motion detections, artificial skins, and wearable devices.
Detection of catecholamine metabolites in urine based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Guolei , Wang Wei , Jiao Li‐Li , Chen Chang‐Bao , Huo Jing‐Rui , Wu Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe excretion of neurotransmitter metabolites in normal individuals is of great significance for health monitoring. A rapid quantitative method was developed with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method was further applied to determine catecholamine metabolites vanilymandelic acid (VMA), methoxy hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG), dihydroxy‐phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the urine. The urine was collected from six healthy volunteers (20–22 years old) for 10 consecutive days. It was precolumn derivatized with dansyl chloride. Subsequently, the sample was analyzed using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with an electrospray ion in positive and multireaction monitoring modes. The method was sensitive and repeatable with the recoveries 92.7–104.30%, limits of detection (LODs) 0.01–0.05 μg/mL, and coefficients no less than 0.9938. The excretion content of four target compounds in random urine samples was 0.20 ± 0.086 μg/mL (MHPG), 1.27 ± 1.24 μg/mL (VMA), 3.29 ± 1.36 μg/mL (HVA), and 1.13 ± 1.07 μg/mL (DOPAC). In the urine, the content of VMA, the metabolite of norepinephrine and adrenaline, was more than MHPG, and the content of HVA, the metabolite of dopamine, was more than DOPAC. This paper detected the levels of catecholamine metabolites and summarized the characteristics of excretion using random urine samples, which could provide valuable information for clinical practice.