bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Stuttering
Authors: El-Ella Mahmoud Youssef Abou , Shawky Ayman Mohamed , Yehia Ahmed Nabil , Tolba Yasser Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Stuttering is a multifactorial and complex disorder that results from the influence of many factors, which include genetic predisposition, motor speech skills, linguistic skills and cognitive, emotional and environmental factors. A wide range of possible risk factors has been proposed in the literature, including age; gender; type and manner of onset; duration of the disfluency; type of disfluency; associated communicative and qualitative factors; physical and emotional stress; family history of stuttering; personal, familial and social reaction; and family attitudes.

Objectives
The aim of this work is to study the different risk factors of stuttering in children in order to understand more about its nature, etiology and to help to decrease its incidence if possible.

Patients and Methods
For this purpose; 96 patients complained from stuttering were evaluated. All data were collected after completing the assessment of patients and their parents. They were 60 (62.5%) male patients and 36 (37.5%) female patients, they showed a statistically significant difference. The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 18 years with mean ± SD of 7.75 ± 4.78 years. The age of onset of the studied patients ranged from 3 to 12 years with mean ± SD of 4.25 ± 2.31 years. Most of the patients were resident in rural areas; 64 patients (66.67%), while the urban resident was 32 patients (33.33%), they were statistically significant.

Results
The present study showed the etiology of stuttering in the studied patients. The most prominent cause was the developmental stuttering (86.45%) followed by neurological stuttering (13.55%). The dysfluency distribution of the studied patients. The most prominent was the Syllables and words repetition 65 (67.7%) of patients followed by IPDs 22 (22.9%) of the patients, 6 (6.25%) of the patients had prolongation and 3 (3.125%) of the patients had tonic blocks. Our study observed that family history of stuttering was found in 54 (56.25%) of patients, consanguinity was found in 30 (31.25%) of the patients, first degree relatives was found in 15 (15.625%) of the patients and second-degree relatives was present in 6 (6.25%) of the patients.

Conclusion
The data of the present study concluded that the presence of stuttering or defects in speech quality and communication. Risk factors include multifactorial dynamic pathways that include: positive family history, being male (as boys are more likely than girls to keep stuttering), the onset (as children who start to stutter before age 3½ are more likely to outgrow it than children who start to stutter at an older age), the amount of time that it's lasted.
Cross-cultural linguistic adaptation of Arabic version of four dimensional symptom questionnaire (4DSQ) for assessing distress, anxiety, depression and somatization in Egyptian primary care attendees
Authors: Elmessiri Nour Muhammad Raouf , Elkholy Hussien Ahmed , Allam Mohamed Farouk , Abd el-Hamid Diaa Marzouk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The four-dimensional symptom questionnaire (4DSQ) is a Dutch self-administered screening tool that has been developed in primary care to differentiate non pathologic general distress from depression, anxiety and somatization. It has been validated in the English language as well as other languages yet it has not been validated in Arabic. For the sake of developing the appropriate Arabic version, linguistic validation has been sought with the guidance of crosscultural adaptation guidelines.

Objective
To design the appropriate Arabic version of the 4DSQ that has linguistic and conceptual equivalence to its validated English version and that is appropriate for administration to Egyptian primary care attendees.

Methods
The validated English version of the 4DSQ was translated by 5 translators (including specialist psychiatrist, internists and English language specialist) into Arabic (Egyptian spoken dialect) without mutual consultation. An expert committee that consisted of 2 professors of public health and family medicine and an associate professor of neuropsychiatry was formed. The consensus version was created after expert committee modification and approval of each questionnaire item using DELPHI method. After that the back translation to English was carried out by two independent bilingual physicians whose English is their mother tongue. A pilot study was carried out on 17 bilingual participants after answering the questionnaire in both languages to test its equivalence. The consensus Arabic version was updated based on the pilot study and the final version was developed. The final version was then tested on 278 Egyptian primary care attendees.

Results
After the course of forward and back translation, expert committee’s review and developer’s comments, the final version of Arabic 4DSQ was developed for assessment of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization. There was no significant difference between results of Arabic and English questionnaire using paired T test. Final testing showed very good internal consistency of each of the 4 scales of the questionnaire.

Conclusion
The Arabic 4DSQ linguistically and conceptually corresponds to the validated English 4DSQ. It has good structural validity and internal consistency reliability and thus could be used in primary care after further psychometric validation.
Evaluation of High Dose Preoperative Activated Vitamin D to Prevent Post Total Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia
Authors: El-Shafaei Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed , Omran Hesham Mohamed Ali , Fadl Ehab Mohammed Ali , Elbar Abanoub Magdy Abd El-Malak Ter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
With increase in the number of thyroidectomies, the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia has seen a rise as well. Deficiency of vitamin D has long been debated as a risk factor for post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. The advantage of using vitamin D as a predictor for postoperative hypocalcemia may be (i) easy to estimate (ii) any deficiency can be easily corrected.

Objective
To determine the effectiveness of preoperative high dose calcitriol supplementation in reducing hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy.

Patients and Methods
to assess the effect of preoperative vitamin D3 deficiency on post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. For that purpose, 40 Egyptian patients for whom total thyroidectomy was performed in general surgery department at El-demerdash and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital form March 2020 to September 2020. Patients were divided into 2 Groups; Group 1 included patients receiving preoperative single oral dose of active vit D(300000 IU) and Group 2 included patients receiving placebo instead of vit D. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was investigated in all patients.

Results
Preoperative vitamin D measurements revealed a deficiency prevalence of 66.7% and a mean Vitamin D level of 17.09 ± 6.01. The main findings of the current study as regards to calcium was that the mean preoperative level of calcium was 9.61 ± 0.48 mg/dl, the lowest level of postoperative calcium was detected after 48 hours and 72 hours. With respect to relation between calcium and preoperative vitamin D, the results showed that there is no big difference between two groups (hypocalcemia occurred in 30% from patients in vit D group and 35% in placebo group) and no patients with normal preoperative vitamin D had a postoperative hypocalcemia 24, 48 or 72 hours after the operation.

Conclusion
Giving of single preoperative high dose vitamin D doesn’t reduce the overall rate of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Postoperative hypocalcemia is closely related to the preoperative vitamin D level and patients with hypovitaminosis D are more labile to develop hypocalcemia.
Comparison of Postoperative complications between Conventional Ferguson’s Hemorrhoidectomy and LigaSureTM Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: El-Halim Sherif Abd , El-Den Mohab Gamal , Husayn Ahmad Magdy Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
For symptomatic grade III and IV haemorrhoids, some form of hemorrhoidectomy remains the accepted modality of treatment. The traditional methods like the Milligan-Morgan method and the Ferguson‘s method have been in practice for more than half a century. Recently we acquired the LigaSureTM device. It is an electro-surgical device, which is an improved version of bipolar diathermy, now widely used for hemorrhoidectomy. This study will give a comprehensive overview on differences between conventional Ferguson‘s haemorrhoidectomy and LigaSureTM haemorrhoidectomy focusing on post-operative complications mainly postoperative pain, bleeding and peri-anal fistulae occurrence

Objective
To compere between closed hemorrhoidectomy, Ferguson‘s method, and LigaSureTM hemorrhoidectomy as regards post-operative pain, bleeding and peri-anal fistula occurrence.

Patients and Methods
It is a prospective study conducted over 40 patients with grade III and IV hemorrhoids, randomly divided into two groups to compare between closed hemorrhoidectomy, Ferguson‘s method, and LigaSure™ hemorrhoidectomy as regards post-operative pain, bleeding and peri-anal fistula occurrence.

Results
An overall favorable trend exists toward LigaSureTM hemorrhoidectomy in all parameters of the current study, in another word, the postoperative complications mainly pain, bleeding and peri-anal fistula occurrence was much lesser in the LigaSureTM group.

Conclusion
LigaSureTM hemorrhoidectomy is a sutureless, hemorrhoidectomy technique dependent on a modified electro- surgical unit to achieve vessel and tissue sealing. It is safe and effective, has less blood loss, postoperative pain, bleeding and perianal fistula occurrence compared to conventional Ferguson‘s hemorrhoidectomy.
Correlation between surgical site infection and obesity after exploratory laparotomy in trauma patients
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Sabry Ahmed , Fayek Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Obesity has become a major contributor to the global burden of chronic disease and disability. Understanding the effect of obesity on the incidence of wound infections and other wound complications remains incomplete despite considerable attention to both the growing ‘‘epidemic’’ of obesity and the frequent occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) after surgical procedures. Damage-control laparotomy specifically has been associated with a higher rate of infectious complications and a lower rate of primary fascial closure in obese patients.

Aim of the work
The aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between obesity and surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy after abdominal trauma.

Patients and methods
A retrospective study performed on obese patients of both genders aged between 18 and 60 years old undergoing exploratory laparotomy after abdominal trauma at the surgery departments of Ain Shams University Hospitals, Al-Bank Al-Ahly Hospital, Al-Mataria Hospital and Al-Salam Hospital, Cairo, Egypt for two years (1st of January 2018 to 1st of January 2020). Patients with infected wounds, receiving antibiotic therapy at the time of injury, those with a known immunodeficiency, who died within 48 hours after injury, who had sustained burn injuries, who underwent surgery at another institution before admission to our hospital were excluded. The rate of 30-day SSI post-operatively among obese and non-obese patients were compared. Statistical analysis was also done.

Results
Out of 782 patients, only 480 of those patients for whom BMI data were available, 360 (75%) were males and 120 (25%) were females. Out of the 480 patients: 168 patients had BMI more than 30; 114 patients (67.8%) had SSI (P &lt; 0.05), 312 patients had BMI less than 30; 61 patients (19.5%) had SSI. All of the included patients were fulfilling the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. On multivariate analysis, obesity was the strongest predictor of SSI (odds ratio = 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-1.91) after adjustment for sex and age. Obese patients with SSI compared with the non-obese had longer hospital stays (mean, 9.5 vs 8.1 days, respectively; P &lt; .001) and markedly higher rates of hospital readmission (27.1% vs 6.5%, respectively; P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Obesity is considered as one of the risk factors in causing surgical site infection. Thus, this study showed the relation of BMI and obesity with surgical site infection in case of exploratory laparotomy after abdominal trauma.
Comparison of Milligan Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy and Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy In Recent Years For Patients With Grade III And IV Hemorrhoids: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abd-Elfattah Mohamed Kandel , Abd-Elmaksud Ibrahim Magid , Abd-Elmoniem Aya Essam Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hemorrhoids are one of the most common conditions in the world, and grade III and IV internal hemorrhoids are mainly treated with surgery. However, there are many different surgical methods, and many postoperative complications occur. Therefore, we aimed to compare of milligan morgan (MM) hemorrhoidectomy and stapled hemorrhoidectomy (ST) for patients with grade III And IV Hemorrhoids.

Objective
To compere between Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy and Stapled hemorrhoidectomy as regards postoperative anal stenosis and fecal incontinence in recent years for treatment grade III and IV hemorrhoids using a meta-analysis approach.

Data Sources
Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2020.

Data Extraction
If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.

Conclusion
It is concluded that ST appeared to be the best surgical procedure than MM for grade III and IV hemorrhoids based on the current evidence.
The Outcome of the Combined Procedure of Abdominoplasty and Repair of Umbilical Hernia
Authors: Kamel Refaat Refaat , Mabrouk Amr Reda , Moussa Mena Akladuos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Umbilical hernias (UH) are common in patients seeking abdominal contouring surgery and the question of simultaneous abdominoplasty and UH repair is raised. This presents, however, a risk to the umbilicus vascularization with possible umbilical necrosis. As a result, the umbilicus maintains its only blood supply from the underlying fascial attachments via the umbilical stalk. Abdominoplasty in the setting of a hernia repair can improve patients satisfaction, particularly appearance, hygiene, self-confidence and decrease the incidence of recurrence.

Objective
To assess the outcome of the combined procedure of abdominoplasty and repair of umbilical hernia.

Patients and Methods
This study Included 26 patients (18 females and 8 males) who were selected from those who presented to the department of general surgery at EL Demerdash University Hospital and Nasr city insurance hospital during the period between april2019 and october 2019. All patients had a physical examination of the UH and diastasis. Divided into two groups, each group formed of 13 patients. First group (group A) with patients underwent herniorrphy alone and the other group (group B) with patients underwent hernioplasty with combined abdominoplasty.

Results
It may be concluded that (1) during an abdominoplasty, midline fascial plication and ventral hernia repair can be performed in defects &lt;3 cm without mesh reinforcement with no increase in hernia recurrence rates, (2) in patients with defects &gt; 3 cm, mesh reinforcement is indicated after suture hernia repair and midline plication,, yields lower recurrence of abdominal deformity and less refashioning procedures with minimal complications.

Conclusion
Finally, it may help to reduce the incidence of recurrence by enabling removal of a large pannus and the resultant weight on the anterior abdominal wall, though this has not been proven. Also it improves the quality of life and obtains patients satisfaction with this approach.
Paget’s Disease of the Breast and Our Clinical Experience at Ain Shams University Hospitals
Authors: Mostafa Ashraf abd el Moghny , Moaty Karim Fahmy abd el , Sadary Paula Samir Nazim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Worldwide, breast cancer comprises 10.4% of all cancer incidences among women, making it the second most common type of non-skin cancer (after lung cancer) and the fifth most common cause of cancer death. In 2004, breast cancer caused 519,000 deaths worldwide (7% of cancer deaths; almost 1% of all deaths). Breast cancer is about 100 times more common in women than in men, although males tend to have poorer outcomes due to delays in diagnosis.

Aim of the Work
To clarify clinical, pathological features and outcomes of the treatment modalities for Paget’s disease of the breast at Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Materials and Methods
Our study was held as a retrospective cohort study to clarify clinical, pathological features and outcomes of the treatment modalities for Paget’s disease of the breast at Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Results
At Ain Shams university hospitals patients having pagetoid cells by biopsy and no mass radiologically underwent simple mastectomy and if pathology proved any malignancy in breast tissue axillary clearance was done and might be followed by radiotherapy.

Conclusion
Patients having pagetoid cells by biopsy and a mass radiologically which is invasive or insitu with microinvasion will undergo modified radical mastectomy and may be followed by radiotherapy. But if pagetoid cells and mass radiologically which is in situ simple mastectomy will be done.
Assessment of Intra-Operative Difficulties and Early Post-Operative Complications in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair using Conventional Polypropylene Mesh Versus 3D Mesh
Authors: Mohamed Hazem AbdelSalam , Fahmy Karim , Abd-erRazik Mohammad Ahmad , Elkomy Shaimaa Atef Ismaeil Awwad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The fundamental mechanism of abdominal wall hernia formation is the loss of structural integrity at the musculotendinous layer. The exact cause of inguinal hernia is still unknown but the factors contributing in its occurrence include; preformed congenital sac, chronic passive rise in the intra-abdominal pressure and weak abdominal wall.

Aim of the Work
To assess intra-operative difficulties of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using two different meshes: The conventional polyproline mesh and the three-dimensional (3D) mesh, as regard the operative time. And early post-operative complications including post-operative seroma, early postoperative pain, chronic pain and limitation of function.

Patients and Methods
In our study 30 patients were recruited according to our preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided randomly into two groups, a group in which the 3D mesh was used and a group in which the polypropylene mesh was used. The study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospitals for 6 months, in which patients where followed up from 3 to 6 months and compared in terms of intraoperative time, post-operative pain after one week, restriction of physical activity, seroma formation and presence of chronic pain.

Results
In our study the mean application time (minutes) in 3D group was found to be 7.07 ± 2.66 while in PP group it was found to be 12.53±3.66 with highly statistically significant difference between them at p &lt; 0.001. We believe that this difference in fixation time in our present study is attributed to easy insertion through the port, easy intraoperative handling, and easy unfolding of 3D mesh.

Conclusion
The use of three-dimensional mesh (3D mesh) for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is a safe and viable option. It offers many advantages in terms of less fixation time, shorter hospital stays, early recovery with a better movement limitation score. Whereas chronic pain was found to be similar in both groups. Further, elimination of tacks for fixation and shorter hospital stay may reduce the cost of 3D mesh. Longer-term studies are recommended with a larger sample size and follow up duration for better assessment of chronic pain, also for following up on recurrence.
Breast Conservation Surgery versus Modified Radical Mastectomy in the Management of Non Metastatic Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Elshinawi Mohamed Elsayed , Osman Ahmed Gamal Eldin , Abdelmoaty Karim Fahmy , Anber Waleed Abdelsalam Abdelatty 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the most lethal form of breast cancer, constitutes 1–2% of all breast cancers in the United States. Multimodality therapy is the standard in management of non metastatic inflammatory breast cancer patients including neoadjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy and mastectomy followed by post mastectomy radiation. A modified radical mastectomy has been the standard surgical procedure of choice. The objective of this systematic review and metanalysis is to estimate the pooled benefits and adverse effects of performing modified radical mastectomy versus breast conservation surgery in the management of non metastatic IBC.

Objective
To evaluate, review and analyze the outcome of non metastatic IBC patients treated with mastectomy or breast conservation surgery as an integral part of the multimodality treatment of the disease. To highlight the evidence and quality of the included studies. To share in modifying the current guidelines.

Methods
An electronic search was conducted from the inception till Jan 2020 in the following bibliographic databases: Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. We used different combinations of the following queries: ("Inflammatory Breast cancer" OR "breast cancer") AND ("Conservative Treatment" [Mesh] OR "conservative surgery" OR "breast conservative surgery" OR "partial mastectomy"). The search have been done with no limit regarding the year publication.

Results
After reviewing five studies we found that our results favors the use of modified radical mastectomy over breast conservation surgery in terms of the overall survival and breast cancer specific free survival, however, partial mastectomy could be an effective and safe option in selected group of patients with non metastatic IBC based on the response to NAC an patient’s preference.

Conclusions
Breast surgery is of great significance to the clinical outcomes of IBC. Standard mastectomy shouldn’t be the only recommended surgical treatment. Individualized surgical procedures can be safely performed in non-metastatic IBC patients based on the response of NAC and patient’s preference.