bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the patterns of chlamydia and gonorrhoea at the oropharynx, anorectum and urethra among men who have sex with men
Authors: Tabesh Marjan , Fairley Christopher K , Hocking Jane S , Williamson Deborah A , Zhang Lei , Xu Xianglong , Bradshaw Catriona S , Chen Marcus Y , Chow Eric PF 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveChlamydia and gonorrhoea are common sexually transmitted infections that infect the oropharynx, anorectum and urethra in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to examine the pattern of infection at more than one site (multisite) for chlamydia and gonorrhoea among MSM.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of MSM attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre for the first time between 2018 and 2019. We included MSM aged ≥16 years who had tested forNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisat all three sites (oropharynx, anorectum and urethra). We compared infections that occurred at a single site (termed single-site infection) and those that occurred at more than one site (termed multisite infections).ResultsOf the 3938 men who were tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea, 498/3938 men (12.6%, 95% CI 11.5% to 13.6%) had chlamydia at any site, of whom 400/498 (80.3%, 95% CI 78.9% to 81.2%) had single-site chlamydia infection, and 98/498 (19.7%, 95% CI 16.2% to 23.1%) had multisite infections. A similar proportion of men had gonorrhoea at any site (447/3938, 11.4%, 95% CI 10.3% to 12.2%), but among these 447 men, single-site infection was less common (256/447, 57.3%, 95% CI 52.6% to 61.7%, p<0.001) and multisite infection (191/447, 42.7%, 95% CI 38.2% to 47.3%, p<0.001) was more common than chlamydia. There were also marked differences by anatomical site. Urethral infection commonly occurred as single sites (75/122, 61.5%, 95% CI 52.8% to 70.1%) for chlamydia but uncommonly occurred for gonorrhoea (12/100, 12.0%, 95% CI 5.6% to 18.3%, p<0.001). In contrast, anorectal infection uncommonly occurred as multisite infection for chlamydia (98/394, 24.9%, 95% CI 20.6% to 29.1%) but was common (184/309, 59.5%, 95% CI 54.0% to 64.9%, p<0.001) for gonorrhoea.ConclusionsThe markedly different pattern of site-specific infection for chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections among the same MSM suggests significant differences in the transmissibility between anatomical sites and the duration of each infection at each site.
PSA-Targeted Alpha-, Beta-, and Positron-Emitting Immunotheranostics in Murine Prostate Cancer Models and Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Veach Darren R. , Storey Claire M. , Lückerath Katharina , Braun Katharina , von Bodman Christian , Lamminmäki Urpo , Kalidindi Teja , Strand Sven-Erik , Strand Joanna , Altai Mohamed , Damoiseaux Robert , Zanzonico Pat , Benabdallah Nadia , Pankov Dmitry , Scher Howard I. , Scardino Peter , Larson Steven M. , Lilja Hans , McDevitt Michael R. , Thorek Daniel L.J. , Ulmert David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Most patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors develop therapeutic resistance due to restoration of AR functionality. Thus, there is a critical need for novel treatment approaches. Here we investigate the theranostic potential of hu5A10, a humanized mAb specifically targeting free PSA (KLK3).

Experimental Design:
LNCaP-AR (LNCaP with overexpression of wildtype AR) xenografts (NSG mice) and KLK3_Hi-Myc transgenic mice were imaged with 89Zr- or treated with 90Y- or 225Ac-labeled hu5A10; biodistribution and subcellular localization were analyzed by gamma counting, PET, autoradiography, and microscopy. Therapeutic efficacy of [225Ac]hu5A10 and [90Y]hu5A10 in LNCaP-AR tumors was assessed by tumor volume measurements, time to nadir (TTN), time to progression (TTP), and survival. Pharmacokinetics of [89Zr]hu5A10 in nonhuman primates (NHP) were determined using PET.

Results:
Biodistribution of radiolabeled hu5A10 constructs was comparable in different mouse models. Specific tumor uptake increased over time and correlated with PSA expression. Treatment with [90Y]/[225Ac]hu5A10 effectively reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival (P ≤ 0.0054). Effects of [90Y]hu5A10 were more immediate than [225Ac]hu5A10 (TTN, P &lt; 0.0001) but less sustained (TTP, P &lt; 0.0001). Complete responses were observed in 7 of 18 [225Ac]hu5A10 and 1 of 9 mice [90Y]hu5A10. Pharmacokinetics of [89Zr]hu5A10 were consistent between NHPs and comparable with those in mice. [89Zr]hu5A10-PET visualized the NHP-prostate over the 2-week observation period.

Conclusions:
We present a complete preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled hu5A10 in mouse prostate cancer models and NHPs, and establish hu5A10 as a new theranostic agent that allows highly specific and effective downstream targeting of AR in PSA-expressing tissue. Our data support the clinical translation of radiolabeled hu5A10 for treating prostate cancer.
ДОСВІД ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ АТЕСТАЦІЇ ВИПУСКНИКІВ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ 223 «МЕДСЕСТРИНСТВО» У ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ПІД ЧАС ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19
Authors: Yastremska S. O. , Reha N. I. 
Published: January 2021

Період карантинних заходів, запроваджених в Україні з березня 2020 р. у зв’язку із поширенням COVID-19, паралізував повноцінне життя країни. З’явилися неочікувані виклики, що спричинили трансформацію як у системі охорони здоров’я, так і в медичній освіті. Потреба у підготовці майбутніх лікарів та медичних сестер ніколи не була такою нагальною, як зараз, у контексті глобальної надзвичайної ситуації. У такій ситуації вимушено повинні змінитися методи та форми навчання, стандартна взаємодія учасників освітнього процесу, зміст навчальних циклів і роль суб’єктів вищої освіти – студентів.
Перед закладами вищої медичної освіти і перед колективом Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України (ТНМУ), зокрема, постало питання про термінову зміну умов навчання з очного на дистанційний формат, особливо відкритого і прозорого процесу складання студентами семестрових іспитів та атестації випускників. У даній статті наведений досвід організації проведення атестації випускників для студентів Навчально-наукового інституту медсестринства ТНМУ.
Gradients of connectivity as graph Fourier bases of brain
activity
Authors: Lioi Giulia , Gripon Vincent , Brahim Abdelbasset , Rousseau François , Farrugia Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The application of graph theory to model the complex structure and function of the brain has shed new light on its organization, prompting the emergence of network neuroscience. Despite the tremendous progress that has been achieved in this field, still relatively few methods exploit the topology of brain networks to analyze brain activity. Recent attempts in this direction have leveraged on the one hand graph spectral analysis (to decompose brain connectivity into eigenmodes or gradients) and the other graph signal processing (to decompose brain activity “coupled to” an underlying network in graph Fourier modes). These studies have used a variety of imaging techniques (e.g., fMRI, electroencephalography, diffusion-weighted and myelin-sensitive imaging) and connectivity estimators to model brain networks. Results are promising in terms of interpretability and functional relevance, but methodologies and terminology are variable. The goals of this paper are twofold. First, we summarize recent contributions related to connectivity gradients and graph signal processing, and attempt a clarification of the terminology and methods used in the field, while pointing out current methodological limitations. Second, we discuss the perspective that the functional relevance of connectivity gradients could be fruitfully exploited by considering them as graph Fourier bases of brain activity.
Tracing divergence in crisis governance: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, Germany and Sweden compared
Authors: Kuhlmann Sabine , Hellström Mikael , Ramberg Ulf , Reiter Renate 
Published: January 2021

This cross-country comparison of administrative responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, Germany and Sweden is aimed at exploring how institutional contexts and administrative cultures have shaped strategies of problem-solving and governance modes during the pandemic, and to what extent the crisis has been used for opportunity management. The article shows that in France, the central government reacted determinedly and hierarchically, with tough containment measures. By contrast, the response in Germany was characterized by an initial bottom-up approach that gave way to remarkable federal unity in the further course of the crisis, followed again by a return to regional variance and local discretion. In Sweden, there was a continuation of ‘normal governance’ and a strategy of relying on voluntary compliance largely based on recommendations and less – as in Germany and France – on a strategy of imposing legally binding regulations. The comparative analysis also reveals that relevant stakeholders in all three countries have used the crisis as an opportunity for changes in the institutional settings and administrative procedures. Points for practitioners COVID-19 has shown that national political and administrative standard operating procedures in preparation for crises are, at best, partially helpful. Notwithstanding the fact that dealing with the unpredictable is a necessary part of crisis management, a need to further improve the institutional preparedness for pandemic crises in all three countries examined here has also become clear. This should be done particularly by way of shifting resources to the health and care sectors, strengthening the decentralized management of health emergencies, stocking and/or self-producing protection material, assessing the effects of crisis measures, and opening the scientific discourse to broader arenas of experts.
Improving Hands‐free Speech Rehabilitation in Patients With a Laryngectomy: Proof‐of‐Concept of an Intratracheal Fixation Device
Authors: Leemans Maartje , van Alphen Maarten J.A. , Dirven Richard , Verkerke Gijsbertus J. , Hekman Edsko E.G. , van den Brekel Michiel W.M. 
Published: January 2021

Permanent hands‐free speech with the use of an automatic speaking valve (ASV) is regarded as the optimal voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. Due to fixation problems, regular ASV use in patients with a laryngectomy is limited. We have developed an intratracheal fixation device (ITFD) composed of an intratracheal button augmented by hydrophilic foam around its shaft. This study evaluates the short‐term effectiveness and experienced comfort of this ITFD during hands‐free speech in 7 participants with a laryngectomy. We found that 4 of 7 participants had secure ASV fixation inside the tracheostoma during hands‐free speech for at least 30 minutes with the ITFD. The ITFD’s comfort was perceived positively overall. The insertion was perceived as being mildly uncomfortable but not painful. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the feasibility of the ITFD that might improve stomal attachment of ASVs, and it provides the basis for further development toward a prototype suitable for long‐term daily use.
Primary Surgical Treatment in Very Advanced (T4b) Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Patel Evan J. , Oliver Jamie R. , Vaezi Alec , Li Zujun , Persky Michael , Tam Moses , Hu Kenneth S. , Jacobson Adam S. , Givi Babak 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo describe patterns of primary surgical treatments in patients with T4b oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database.MethodsReview of the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2017 for all T4b OCSCCs. Only patients with curative treatment methods were included in the survival analysis. Surgical and nonsurgical outcomes were compared by multivariable and propensity score matching analysis.ResultsA total of 1515 cases of T4b OCSCC were identified. A minority of patients (n = 363, 24.0%) underwent curative treatment; among these, 206 (56.7%) underwent primary surgery. Median length of follow‐up was 24 months. The 90‐day mortality of patients who underwent surgical treatment was 1.0%. The 2‐year survival was higher for patients who underwent surgery + chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as compared with CRT (64.6% vs 45.2%, P <. 001). On multivariable analysis, surgery + CRT was associated with longer survival. In a propensity score–matched cohort of 312 patients, 2‐year survival remained higher in the surgical group versus the nonsurgical group (59.4% vs 45.5%, P =. 02). Among patients who underwent surgery + CRT, there was no difference in 2‐year survival between clinical T4a and T4b (59% vs 64.6%, P =. 20).ConclusionsA minority of patients with T4b OCSCC undergo treatments with curative intent. A subset of patients underwent primary surgical treatment, which was associated with longer survival. The T4b classification might entail a heterogenous group, and further studies in revision of this classification might be justified.
Efficacy of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulator augmentation in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Goh Kah Kheng , Wu Tzu-Hua , Chen Chun-Hsin , Lu Mong-Liang 
Published: January 2021

Background: Dysfunction of the N-methyl- D-aspartate glutamate receptor is involved in the putative pathology of schizophrenia. There is growing interest in the potential of N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor modulators to improve the symptoms of schizophrenia, but the evidence for the use of glutamatergic agents for augmenting schizophrenia remains inconclusive. Aims: We conducted a meta-analysis to test the efficacy and safety of N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor modulator supplements in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Following a systemic search in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus, 40 double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trials involving 4937 patients with schizophrenia were included in this meta-analysis. The change in the severity of symptoms among patients with schizophrenia was defined as the primary outcome, whereas the safety profiles of the intervention, including the discontinuation rate and adverse events, were defined as secondary outcomes. Results: When added to antipsychotic treatments, N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor modulators improved multiple schizophrenia symptoms, particularly negative symptoms, and had satisfactory side effects and safety profile. Among the seven glutamatergic agents analysed, glycine, D-serine and sarcosine had better treatment profiles than other agents, and NMDA receptor co-agonists, as a group, provided a reduction in schizophrenia symptoms compared to antipsychotic treatments without supplementation. Augmentation with N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor modulators was only effective among patients treated with antipsychotics other than clozapine. Conclusions: The results indicate that N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor modulators, particularly with glycine, D-serine and sarcosine, are more beneficial than the placebo in treating schizophrenia, and the effects extended to both positive and negative symptoms, when augmented with antipsychotics other than clozapine.
Cariprazine modulates sleep architecture in rats
Authors: Nyitrai Gabriella , Kiss Béla , Farkas Bence , Balázs Ottilia , Diószegi Pálma , Lendvai Balázs , Czurkó András 
Published: January 2021

Background: Cariprazine is a dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 receptor partial agonist compound recently introduced to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Although cariprazine is clinically classified as a low-somnolence drug, to date no detailed polysomnographic study is available on its effect on sleep. Aims: This study examined the acute systemic effects of cariprazine on the rat sleep architecture and electroencephalography spectral power. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were recorded during their normal sleep period for four hours, and their sleep stages were classified. Results: Cariprazine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increased REM latency. This dose of cariprazine decreased the gamma (40–80 Hz) band frequency oscillations and increased the theta (4–9 Hz) and alpha (9–15 Hz) frequencies during the wake periods but not during slow-wave sleep. The 0.03 mg/kg dose of cariprazine only increased the alpha power during the wake periods, while the 0.003 mg/kg dose was without any effect. Conclusion: Taken together, the present results suggest that the REM-suppressing effect of cariprazine may be related to its effectiveness in improving depressive symptoms, as various drugs with similar REM-reducing properties effectively treat the depressive state, whereas the gamma power-reducing effect of cariprazine may be indicative of its efficacy in schizophrenia or mania, as similar effects have been observed with other D2 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist drugs. These data contribute to our understanding of the complex mechanism of action that may stand behind the clinical efficacy of cariprazine.
Internet Addiction and Its Relationship to Gender, Depression and Anxiety Among Medical Students in Anbar Governorate-West of Iraq
Authors: Al Shawi Ameel F , Hameed Aseel K , Shalal Aatika I , Abd Kareem Sara S , Majeed Mujtabaa A , Humidy Sara T 
Published: January 2021

Introduction The rapid increase of internet using was associated with a rise in internet addiction (IA) especially among adolescent and young adults that may associated with underlying psychological disorders. The aims of the study: a) to estimate the prevalence of internet addiction among medical students in Anbar governorate, b) to assess the effect of internet addiction on mental health by measuring the association of IA with depression and anxiety among the students. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out during the period from February to April 2019. A self-administered questionnaire was used which consisted from demographic questions, the Young Internet Addiction test to evaluate the internet addiction among the subjects and the Depression Anxiety stress scales (DASS) for assessing the depression and anxiety symptoms among the medical students. Results 47.5% of the subjects had mild internet addiction, proportion of moderate addiction among the participants was 23%. There was a significant association between internet addiction with depression and anxiety. The subjects with internet addiction had OR = 2.302 for depression development (P < 0.001), also the students with internet addiction had OR= 3.088 for anxiety development (p < 0.001). Conclusion High rate of internet addiction among medical students in Anbar city- west of Iraq and there was significant association between internet addition and mental disorders of the subjects.
Outcomes After Arthroscopic Surgery for Anterior Impingement in the Ankle Joint in the General and Athletic Populations: Does Sex Play a Role?
Authors: Gianakos Arianna L. , Ivander Axel , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Kennedy John G. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Although anterior ankle impingement is a common pathology within the athletic population, there have been limited data evaluating outcomes of arthroscopic intervention and whether patient sex affects treatment outcomes. Purpose: To provide an overview of the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic procedures used as a treatment strategy for anterior ankle impingement and to determine if patient sex affects outcomes. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed during August 2019. The following combination of search terms was utilized: “ankle,” “impingement,” “talus,” “osteophyte,” “arthroscopy,” “surgery,” “procedures,” and “treatment.” Two reviewers independently performed data extraction. Results: A total of 28 articles evaluating 1506 patients were included in this systematic review. Among the studies, 60% (17/28) and 14% (4/28) assessed anterolateral and anteromedial impingement, respectively. Good to excellent results were reported after arthroscopy in patients with anterior ankle impingement, with a success rate of 81.04%. All studies that evaluated functional outcomes (16/16; 100%) cited improvements in American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale, visual analog scale, and Foot Function Index. The average complication rate was 4.01%, with the most common complications being mild nerve symptoms and superficial infection. The most common concomitant pathologies included synovitis, osteophytes, meniscoid lesions, and anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament injury. Four studies (15%) failed to report sex as a demographic variable. Only 7 (25%) studies included analysis by sex, with 4 (57%) of these demonstrating differences when comparing outcomes by patient sex. When compared with male patients, female patients exhibited higher rates of traumatic ankle sprains, chondral injury, and chronic ankle instability associated with anterior ankle impingement. Conclusion: Our systematic review demonstrates that arthroscopic treatment for anterior ankle impingement provides good to excellent functional outcomes, low complication rates, and good return-to-sports rates in both the general and the athletic population. This study also reports a lack of statistical analysis evaluating outcomes comparing male and female populations. The included studies demonstrate that, compared with male patients, female patients have higher rates of traumatic ankle sprains, chondral injury, and chronic ankle instability associated with anterior ankle impingement; therefore, particular attention should be paid to addressing such concomitant pathology.