bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handling of spurious sequences affects the outcome of high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling
Authors: Reitmeier Sandra , Hitch Thomas C A , Treichel Nicole , Fikas Nikolaos , Hausmann Bela , Ramer-Tait Amanda E , Neuhaus Klaus , Berry David , Haller Dirk , Lagkouvardos Ilias , Clavel Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is a popular approach for studying microbiomes. However, some basic concepts have still not been investigated comprehensively. We studied the occurrence of spurious sequences using defined microbial communities based on data either from the literature or generated in three sequencing facilities and analyzed via both operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) approaches. OTU clustering and singleton removal, a commonly used approach, delivered approximately 50% (mock communities) to 80% (gnotobiotic mice) spurious taxa. The fraction of spurious taxa was generally lower based on ASV analysis, but varied depending on the gene region targeted and the barcoding system used. A relative abundance of 0.25% was found as an effective threshold below which the analysis of spurious taxa can be prevented to a large extent in both OTU- and ASV-based analysis approaches. Using this cutoff improved the reproducibility of analysis, i.e., variation in richness estimates was reduced by 38% compared with singleton filtering using six human fecal samples across seven sequencing runs. Beta-diversity analysis of human fecal communities was markedly affected by both the filtering strategy and the type of phylogenetic distances used for comparison, highlighting the importance of carefully analyzing data before drawing conclusions on microbiome changes. In summary, handling of artifact sequences during bioinformatic processing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon data requires careful attention to avoid the generation of misleading findings. We propose the concept of effective richness to facilitate the comparison of alpha-diversity across studies.
Learning and Retention of Novel Words in Musicians and Nonmusicians
Authors: Stewart Elizabeth C. , Pittman Andrea L. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term musical training enhances the ability to perceive and learn new auditory information. Listeners with extensive musical experience were expected to detect, learn, and retain novel words more effectively than participants without musical training. Advantages of musical training were expected to be greater for words learned in multitalker babble compared to quiet.

Method
Participants consisted of 20 young adult musicians and 20 age-matched nonmusicians, all with normal hearing. In addition to completing word recognition and nonword detection tasks, each participant learned 10 novel words in a rapid word-learning paradigm. All tasks were completed in quiet and in multitalker babble. Next-day retention of the learned words was examined in isolation (recall) and in the context of continuous discourse (detection). Performance was compared across groups and listening conditions.

Results
Performance was significantly poorer in babble than in quiet on word recognition and nonword detection, but not on word learning, learned-word recall, or learned-word detection. No differences were observed between groups (musicians vs. nonmusicians) on any of the tasks.

Conclusions
For young normal-hearing adults, auditory experience resulting from long-term music training did not enhance their learning of new auditory information in either favorable (quiet) or unfavorable (babble) listening conditions. This suggests that the formation of semantic and musical representations in memory may be supported by the same underlying auditory processes, such that musical training is simply an extension of an auditory expertise that both musicians and nonmusicians possess.
Voice Rehabilitation by Voice Prostheses After Total Laryngectomy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis for 11,918 Patients
Authors: Tawfik Gehad Mohamed , Makram Omar Mohamed , Zayan Ahmad Helmy , Ghozy Sherief , Eid Peter Samuel , Mahmoud Mona Hanafy , Abdelaal Abdelaziz , Abdelghany Seif Mahmoud , Sayed Ahmed M. , Sang To Kim , Kassem Mahmoud , Ho Quoc Le Minh , Eltanany Heba Hussien , Ali Amira Farghaly , Hassan Osama Gamal , Elsherbiny Khaled Essam , Shafik Amr G. , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: June 2021

PurposeOur aim was to assess the different voice prostheses (VPs) to identify the most efficient, safest, patient-tailored, longest lifetime, and inexpensive VPs and assess the different factors affecting their quality.MethodIn September 2017, 15 databases were searched to include all randomized controlled trials. A new search was done in May 2019 to include all other study design articles, which include all the new-era VPs subtypes. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was applied to all 27 outcomes, besides NMA overall and partial order setting was done by using Hasse scatter plots.pvalues were used in NMA, where the best VPs are approaching one and the least approaches zero. Meta-analysis was done for the rest of the outcomes.ResultsTwo hundred one articles were eligible for inclusion in our study (N= 11,918). Provox-2 was significantly the most efficient and safest device concerning the most patient preference (odds ratio [OR] = 33.88 [0.65, 1762.24];p= .92), the least dislodgement (risk ratio [RR] = 0.27 [0.13, 0.57];p= .79), the least airflow resistance (RR = 0.42 [0.08, 2.11];p= .84), the least granulation formation (RR = 0.73 [0.02, 26.32];p= .60), and the least VPs' inaccurate size (RR = 0.77 (0.23, 2.61);p= .66). Heat and moisture exchanger addition showed a significant increase in maximum phonation time and breathing experience, withpvalues (1 and .59), respectively. While heat and moisture exchanger addition showed a significant decline in stoma cleaning frequency, coughing frequency, forced expectoration, sputum production, sleeping problems, and loosening of adhesive, withpvalues (.99, .72, .69, .96, 1, and 0.96), respectively, Groningen low resistance and Nijdam were considered the worst devices with both overall meanpvalue of .44.ConclusionsProvox-2 is considered the best choice as being the most preferable for patients, with the least airflow resistance, dislodgment, granulation formation, and prosthesis inaccurate size. Groningen low resistance and Nijdam were considered the worst devices according to our analysis.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14802903
Broadband X-ray spectral variability of the pulsing ULX NGC 1313 X-2
Authors: Robba A. , Pinto C. , Walton D. J. , Soria R. , Kosec P. , Pintore F. , Roberts T. P. , Alston W. N. , Middleton M. , Cusumano G. , Earnshaw H. P. , Fürst F. , Sathyaprakash R. , Kyritsis E. , Fabian A. C. 
Published: June 2021

Context. It is thought that ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are mainly powered by super-Eddington accreting neutron stars or black holes as shown by the recent discovery of X-ray pulsations and relativistic winds.
Aims. This work presents a follow-up study of the spectral evolution over two decades of the pulsing ULX NGC 1313 X-2 in order to understand the structure of the accretion disc. The primary objective is to determine the shape and nature of the dominant spectral components by investigating their variability with the changes in the source luminosity.
Methods. We performed a spectral analysis over the canonical 0.3–10.0 keV energy band of all the high signal-to-noise XMM-Newton observations (96% of the available data), and we tested a number of different spectral models, which should approximate super-Eddington accretion discs. The baseline model consists of two thermal blackbody components with different temperatures plus an exponential cutoff powerlaw.
Results. The baseline model provides a good description of the X-ray spectra. In particular, the hotter and brighter (LX ∼ 6–9 × 1039 erg s−1) thermal component describes the emission from the super-Eddington inner disc and the cutoff powerlaw describes the contribution from the accretion column of the neutron star. Instead, the cooler component describes the emission from the outer region of the disc close to the spherisation radius and the wind. The luminosity-temperature relation for the cool component follows a negative trend, which is not consistent with L ∝ T4, as is expected from a sub-Eddington thin disc of Shakura-Sunayev. This is not consistent with L ∝ T2 either, as is expected for an advection-dominated disc. However, this would rather agree with a wind-dominated X-ray emitting region. Instead, the (Lx, Tdisk) relation for the hotter component is somewhere in between the first two theoretical scenarios.
Conclusions. Our findings agree with the super-Eddington scenario and provide further detail on the disc structure. The source spectral evolution is qualitatively similar to that seen in NGC 1313 X-1 and Holmberg IX X-1, indicating a common structure and evolution among archetypal ULXs.
Multi-point analysis of coronal mass ejection flux ropes using combined data from Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo, and Wind
Authors: Weiss A. J. , Möstl C. , Davies E. E. , Amerstorfer T. , Bauer M. , Hinterreiter J. , Reiss M. A. , Bailey R. L. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. , Heyner D. , Richter I. , Auster H.-U. , Magnes W. , Fischer D. , Baumjohann W. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The recent launch of Solar Orbiter and the flyby of BepiColombo opened a brief window during which these two spacecraft, along with the existing spacecraft at L1, were positioned in a constellation that allowed for the detailed sampling of any Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME). Fortunately, two such events occurred during this time period with in situ detections of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) by Solar Orbiter on the 2020 April 19 and 2020 May 28. These two events were subsequently observed in situ by BepiColombo and Wind as well around a day later.
Aims. We attempt to reconstruct the observed in situ magnetic field measurements for all three spacecraft simultaneously using an empirical magnetic flux rope model. This allows us to test the validity of our flux rope model on a larger and more global scale. It additionally allows for cross-validation of the analysis with different spacecraft combinations. Finally, we can also compare the results from the in situ modeling to remote observations obtained from the STEREO-A heliospheric imagers, which were able to capture the interplanetary evolution of the coronal mass ejections.
Methods. We made use of the 3D coronal rope ejection model (3DCORE) in order to simulate the ICME evolution and reconstruct the measured flux rope signatures at the spacecraft positions. For this purpose, we adapted a previously developed approximate Bayesian Computation sequential Monte-Carlo (ABC-SMC) fitting algorithm for the application to multi-point scenarios. This approach not only allows us to find global solutions, within the limits of our model, but to also naturally generate error estimates on the model parameters and detect potential ambiguities.
Results. We show that we are able to generally reconstruct the flux rope signatures at three different spacecraft positions simultaneously by using our model in combination with the flux rope fitting algorithm. For the well-behaved April 19 ICME, our approach works very well and displays only minor deficiencies. The May 28 ICME, on the other hand, shows the limitations of our approach for less clear ICME measurements or strongly deformed shapes. Unfortunately, the usage of multi-point observations for these events does not appear to solve inherent issues, such as the estimation of the magnetic field twist or flux rope aspect-ratios due to the specific constellation of the spacecraft positions, which all lie near the ecliptic plane. As our general approach can be used for any fast-forward simulation based model, we give a blueprint for future studies using more advanced ICME models.
Epimysial Transposition Flap: A Novel Technique for Coverage of Exposed Tendon after Tissue Transfer
Authors: Lombana Nicholas F. , Falola Reuben A. , Scott Michael , Saint-Cyr Michel H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The radial forearm flap (RFF) is a versatile flap that can be used for soft-tissue coverage or as a source of vascularized bone during reconstruction. A problem that can arise after RFF harvest is tendon exposure in the donor site, which may lead to tendon injury and restriction of the hand and wrist’s range of motion. Many different methods for providing adequate tendon coverage in the donor site after RFF harvest have been reported. We present a novel technique for coverage of exposed tendon in the volar forearm with an epimysial transposition flap and a split-thickness skin graft (STSG).
Methods Retrospective review of two cases: one salvage case with exposed tendon after harvesting an RFF and another with exposed volar forearm tendon after traumatic injuries. Variables of interest were post-operative STSG integration and hand/wrist range of motion.
Results Both cases demonstrated 100% graft take at 5-week follow-up. No decrease in hand/wrist range of motion in the patient that could undergo testing.
Conclusion We introduce two cases for coverage of exposed flexor tendon in the volar forearm with an epimysial transposition flap. This can be used as a salvage operation for coverage of exposed tendon or as an acute method of tendon coverage prior to skin grafting. In both cases, the skin graft had excellent incorporation.
Should We Suture Arthroscopic Portals? Effects on Intra-articular Fluid Retention
Authors: Sargin Serdar , Atik Aziz , Aslan Ahmet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKnee arthroscopy is one of the most common surgical procedures in orthopaedics and especially in sports medicine. Portal problems and effusion after knee arthroscopy have been reported. The fluid retention within the joint in knee arthroscopy can affect clinical outcomes, but there is no consensus on portal management. The studies of portal management in knee arthroscopy have mainly addressed wound healing and cosmetic problems. There is insufficient information in the literature about whether the irrigation fluid used in this effusion contributes to the process. This study investigates whether arthroscopic irrigation fluid is retained in the joint and whether portal-closure management has an effect on effusion. In this randomized, prospective study, 91 patients (46 [50.5%] sutured-portal group and 45 [49.5%] open-portal group) were included. Suprapatellar knee-diameter measurement and the number of times the dressing was changed were used to assess intra-articular fluid collection. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oxford knee score, and Knee Society score were used to evaluate knee problems. All portal wounds in both groups healed without any problems. Superficial or deep infection was not observed in either group. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS score, Oxford knee scores, and Knee Society scores between groups. Although there was a decrease in the knee diameter of both groups between the early postoperative period and first postoperative day, a statistically significant difference in knee diameter was found, especially in the open-portal group. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the number of dressings used in the first 24 hours after surgery. Leaving portals open may be effective in preventing intra-articular fluid retention. We thus advise leaving the arthroscopy portals open with just a simple dressing for selected patients.
Cultural Conceptualization of Tamil Hindu Marriages
Authors: Shanmuganathan Thilagavathi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the cultural conceptualization of marriage among Tamil Hindu communities in
Australia and Malaysia. The Hindu cultural schema of marriage relates to the physical, social and spiritual aspects, and
language acts as the central aspect of the cultural cognition of the community. Data is based on a variety of sources,
particularly focus group discussions, translated verses from Hindu Holy Scriptures (Vedanta), and personal interviews. Findings
show various cultural schemas entrenched within the marriage schema, particularly Vedic Astrology, Sacred Invocation and
Blessings, which are shared knowledge among community members. The cultural schema of marriage (or vivaha) that
is instantiated in the Vedanta considers marriage a religious obligation (Dharma). It is during social interactions that
the cultural metaphors associated with marriage are discussed. marriage as a thousand-year crop and marriage as a
journey are metaphorical expressions that illustrate the traditional worldview of the Tamil Hindu community.
Back to the Farm at Durga’s Den
Authors: Ramnanan Naitram 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Durga’s Den is a 5-acre rural property located close to Ocho Rios, a popular tourism destination in Jamaica. In the last 12 years, it has been transformed into a model of ecological management and sustainable farming: 100% organic production; natural and local materials for all construction; harvesting of rainwater; recycling of waste; use of natural energy sources; and high engagement with local communities.

Information

Adapted from:
Current Agricultural Production Practices and Potential for Mainstreaming Agroecology in Jamaica
. Report of a National Consultation held in May 2018, Durga’s Den, St. Anns, Jamaica. Report prepared under a Letter of Agreement between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and CAB International (CABI), Trinidad and Tobago. October 2018.

© CAB International 2021
Characterizing four-body indistinguishability via symmetries
Authors: Minke Alexander M , Buchleitner Andreas , Dittel Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We show how to characterize the indistinguishability of up to four identical, bosonic or fermionic particles, which are rendered partially distinguishable through their internal degrees of freedom prepared in mixed states. This is accomplished via their counting statistics when subjected to a highly symmetric unitary acting upon their external (i.e. dynamical) degrees of freedom. For pure internal states, we further extract information on the particles’ collective phases, which ultimately allows for an experimental reconstruction of the full many-particle density operator up to complex conjugation.
The Influence of a Heterogeneous Surface on the Free Volume Oscillations of an Oblate Gas Bubble
Authors: Alabuzhev A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The natural oscillations of a cylindrical gas bubble surrounded by an incompressible fluid with free interface are considered. The bubble has an equilibrium cylindrical shape and is bounded axially by two parallel solid surfaces. Dynamics of contact lines is taken into account by an effective boundary condition: velocity of the contact line is assumed to be proportional to contact angle deviation from the equilibrium value. The equilibrium contact angle is right. Different Hocking parameters determine individual damping rates, but dissipation in the integral system is determined by their total contribution. The frequency of the volume (breathing) harmonic of free oscillations can vanish in a certain interval of the values of the Hocking parameter for homogeneous plate surface. However, Surface inhomogeneity destroys this monotonic damping effect.
Non-Magnetic Solid Body in Ferrofluid Containers: Wall Effects
Authors: Ivanov A S , Khokhryakova C A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Experimental and numerical investigations of a magnetic ponderomotive force acting on non-magnetic body immersed in ferrofluid were carried out. The study was performed on a nonmagnetic sphere in a cylindrical container filled with the magnetic fluid and magnetized by a uniform magnetic field. The symmetry of the experimental setup allowed the simplification of the problem: 2D axisymmetric numerical simulation corresponded to the 1D experimental measurements. The magnetic ponderomotive force turned out to be non-monotonic: it has two extrema and one or three zero values depending on the geometrical parameters of the container and magnitude of the applied field intensity. It was shown that wall effects are crucial for this problem, because the ponderomotive force in the vicinity of the container’s bottom (or top) may change its sign (direction). This behaviour can be described only in the framework of the inductive approach, which takes into account all demagnetizing fields generated by the ferrofluid container. On the contrary, the simplified non-inductive approach is unable to explain the magnetic force behaviour, especially the wall effects.
Nonlocal FEM Simulations of Ductile Damage with Regularized Crack Path Predictions
Authors: Klyuchancev V S , Shutov A V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Constitutive equations of finite strain elasto-plasticity are coupled to continuum damage mechanics to simulate the initiation and propagation of cracks in ductile materials. The diffuse deterioration of material’s strength is modelled using porosity as a damage parameter. We show that the local damage model yields simulation results, pathologically dependent on the FEM mesh upon mesh refinement: (i) the structural behaviour becomes unrealistically brittle; (ii) the FEM mesh determines the crack path. To solve these problems, an integral-based approach to nonlocal damage is implemented. It enables physically sound results by introducing the linear size of the microstructure into the model’s formulation. To prevent the effect of unrealistic diffusion of damage, the averaging operator is applied not to the porosity, but to its dual parameter, material’s continuity. Solutions of test problems for crack propagation in a compact tension specimen are presented. The convergence of FEM solutions is demonstrated for different slopes of the mesh with fine and coarse discretizations.
An Integral of the Two-Dimensional Stationary Viscous Fluid Flow Equations
Authors: Knyazev D V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study demonstrates that the equations for a two-dimensional steady flow of a viscous fluid contain an integral of motion, i.e., they have some function whose gradient is zero in the solutions of hydrodynamic equations A system of partial differential equations has been derived to calculate this function. It has been established that, at a certain integral of motion, the calculation of hydrodynamic fields is reduced to the solution of a system consisting of three first-order partial differential equations with a characteristic manifold.