bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices for HBV and HCV (Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus) among the Students of a Central University in South Delhi (India) and Strategies for Prevention of Disease
Authors: Ara Anjum , Inder Deep , Kumar Pawan , Akhtar Kafil 
Published: August 2021

Hepatitis B and C are one of the major blood-borne viral infections in India and across the globe. There is an urgent need to address this public health problem at the community level.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the students of a central university, thus identifying and bridging the gaps in KAP by formulating strategies at the community level.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done among 127 participants between November 2019 and December 2019. Data for KAP were collected using self-structured questionnaire after obtaining written informed consent. The data included demography, basic knowledge, modes of transmission, attitude, practices, and preventive measures to control HBV and HCV. Descriptive data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software.

Results:
Overall awareness level was 60% among university students. Knowledge about transmission via blood/blood related products (71%), reuse of needle or syringes (66%), ear/nose piercing/tattooing (33%), prevention through vaccination (76.4%) was found. Overall negative attitude toward the infected patient was 82% and avoidance behavior was 29%. In practice, 55% of participants had completed all doses of vaccination. Eighty-five percent participants agreed to visit a doctor following any symptoms and 70% found proactive in containment and educating the masses.

Conclusion:
The lacunae in KAP can be bridged by active participation, training, and education of the students of university by focused strategies based on communication and behavior change and positive motivation using public platforms and social media by university authorities from time to time.
HIV and Chagas Disease: An Evaluation of the Use of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Measure Levels of Trypanosoma cruzi Parasitemia in HIV Patients in Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: Reimer-McAtee Melissa J. , Mejia Carolina , Clark Taryn , Terle Jules , Pajuelo Monica J. , Cabeza Jeanne , Lora Meredith H. , Valencia Edward , Castro Rosario , Lozano Daniel , Bern Caryn , Torrico Faustino , Gilman Robert H. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
This cross-sectional study evaluated epidemiologic characteristics of persons living with HIV (PWH) coinfected with Trypanosoma cruzi in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and estimated T. cruzi parasitemia by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in patients with and without evidence of reactivation by direct microscopy. Thirty-two of the 116 HIV patients evaluated had positive serology for T. cruzi indicative of chronic Chagas disease (27.6%). Sixteen of the 32 (50%) patients with positive serology were positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and four of the 32 (12.5%) were positive by direct microscopy. The median parasite load by qPCR in those with CD4+ < 200 was 168 parasites/mL (73-9951) compared with 28.5 parasites/mL (15–1,528) in those with CD4+ ≥ 200 (P = 0.89). There was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of parasitemia estimated by qPCR from blood clot and CD4+ count on the logarithmic scale (rsBC= –0.70, P = 0.007). The correlation between T. cruzi estimated by qPCR+ blood clot and HIV viral load was statistically significant with rsBC = 0.61, P = 0.047. Given the significant mortality of PWH and Chagas reactivation and that 57% of our patients with CD4+ counts < 200 cells/mm3 showed evidence of reactivation, we propose that screening for chronic Chagas disease be considered in PWH in regions endemic for Chagas disease and in the immigrant populations in nonendemic regions. Additionally, our study showed that PWH with advancing immunosuppression have higher levels of estimated parasitemia measured by qPCR and suggests a role for active surveillance for Chagas reactivation with consideration of treatment with antitrypanosomal therapy until immune reconstitution can be achieved.
Knowledge Attitudes of Nurses towards the Use of Nursing Diagnosis in Clinical Practice
Authors: Kauser Parveen Kanwal 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Assess the knowledge and attitude towards the nurses in the clinical practices to identify the level of awareness of nurses and improve their practice to minimize and prevent the risk of complications, as well as to improve patient outcomes.
Methodology: The cross sectional descriptive study design was used in the research. Target population was the staff nurses of the Govt hospital Lahore. The inclusion criteria was cardiac surgery ICU nurses in the hospital Lahore expressed the willingness of participation for this study were included after taking the consent. The sample size of the study was 100 nurses
Results: The study showed variations in the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses, most of which reflected in their nursing practice their knowledge between the poor and the average. Many nurses have not been aware of the suggested practice and amounts have shown possibly of practice. The research also raised concern about all aspects of Nursing Diagnosis and highlighted the criteria for practice improvements and developed body of knowledge.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommended the need for extensive improvements in the knowledge and practice of nurses by using the nursing diagnosis in the clinical for each nurse., It is the duty of nurses to develop a body of knowledge in their field of work, to promote the growth and personal development of local practice, to recognize knowledge gaps, to pursue appropriate training and resources, and to base all practice on facts.
Experience of Sleep for Families of Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Halliwell Nicole , Podvey Mara , Smith Julie D. , Harris Katelyn , Sylvester Lorraine , DeGrace Beth W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Importance: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience sleep difficulties that worsen into adulthood and negatively influence both child and family, yet the experience is not well understood. Understanding the family’s experience can inform occupational therapy providers, future research, and practice guidelines.
Objective: To examine experiences surrounding sleep for families raising a young adult with ASD (YA-ASD).
Design: Qualitative study in the phenomenological tradition of Moustakas (1994). Experienced researchers analyzed transcripts from in-depth, in-person interviews to triangulate data, distill themes, and construct the essence of family experience. Trustworthiness was established through member checking, audit trails, and epoché diaries that were maintained throughout data analyses.
Setting: Community setting (large city in the northeastern United States).
Participants: People who self-identified as living in a family arrangement that included a YA-ASD age 15–21 yr, able to verbally participate in English. Families with children diagnosed with developmental disabilities other than ASD were excluded.
Results: Six eligible families identified through volunteer sampling participated. The participants’ sociodemographic diversity was limited across household income, education level, and ethnicity. All YA-ASD in this study were limited verbally and unable to contribute. Analyses of interview transcripts revealed five themes that form the essence of the families’ experience surrounding sleep.
Conclusions and Relevance: Sleep issues for YA-ASD continue into adulthood and affect the entire family because of continuous co-occupation; occupational therapy support is therefore important for families of YA-ASD. The lack of effective evidence-based interventions supporting the YA-ASD population also reveals an area for growth.
What This Article Adds: The results indicate the importance of addressing sleep for YA-ASD and their families in occupational therapy practice because of its considerable impact on family life.
Loneliness and Activity Engagement Among Rural Homebound Older Adults With and Without Self-Reported Depression
Authors: Garabrant Alissia A. , Liu Chiung-ju 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Importance: Rural homebound older adults are a vulnerable population at risk for depression, loneliness, and limited participation, but studies that examine these factors in this population are scarce.
Objective: To describe the degree of depression, loneliness, and activity engagement among rural homebound older adults and determine differences in loneliness and activity engagement between those with and those without self-reported depression.
Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Setting: Two rural counties in south central Indiana.
Participants: Homebound adults ages 60 yr and older who received nutritional or companionship services from a local Area Agency on Aging.
Outcomes and Measures: Depression was measured with an item on the self-report questionnaire and the Geriatric Depression Scale–15. Loneliness was measured with an item on the self-report questionnaire and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Activity engagement was measured with the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey and the Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment.
Results: Ninety-one participants returned surveys, of which 78 were analyzed. Regarding depression, 40% of participants reported having it, but results for the Geriatric Depression Scale–15 showed that 63% were in the indicative or suggestive range for depression. Participants in general reported moderate loneliness and low to moderate engagement in meaningful activities. Those with self-reported depression had significantly higher loneliness and lower activity engagement, particularly in self-care, leisure, and socializing activities.
Conclusions and Relevance: A high proportion of this sample of rural homebound older adults had depression. Those who did tended to have a higher degree of loneliness and lower engagement in meaningful activities.
What This Article Adds: Depression was associated with greater loneliness and lower activity engagement in rural homebound older adults. Occupational therapy practitioners serving rural homebound older adults with depression should consider providing interventions to address loneliness and facilitate activity engagement.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF PENDEKATAN MIND MAPING PADA MATA PELAJARAN MENGGAMBAR TEKNIK DASAR
Authors: SURYANI SURYANI 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh fenomena bahwa mata pelajaran menggambar teknik dasar pada Kelas X Kompetensi keahlian Desain pemodelan dan Informasi bangunan SMK Negeri 2 Bone memiliki tingkat kesulitan yang cukup tinggi. Selain aspek psikomotorik, yang lebih menyulitkan adalah aspek kognitif pada mata pelajaran tersebut. Banyak siswa yang kesulitan memaknai materi pembelajaran dengan baik. Diduga salah satu penyebabnya adalah karena proses pembelajaran hanya berpusat pada guru, sehingga siswa tidak ikut terlibat secara aktif dalam proses belajar mengajar tersebut. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya interaksi antara guru dan siswa maupun antara siswa.. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan perbaikan proses pembelajaran dengan harapan jika proses membaik maka akan terjadi peningkatan prestasi belajar. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian tindakan kelas, dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 2 Bone, padal kelas X Kompetensi keahlian desain pemodelan dan informasi bangunan semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020.Pada penelitian ini secara faktual terlihar bahwa penggunaan pendekatan model mind mapping terbukti efektif sebagai pendekatan model pembelajaran untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami konsep konsep dan mengkotekstualisasikan konsep konsep yang dipahami.Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan berbagai aspek yang diobservasi sepanjang siklus1 hingga siklus 3 dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini. Aspek kerja sama antar siswa meningkat sebesar 47,5%, aspek interaksi dengan guru meningkat sebesar 60,6%. Pada aspek tanggung jawab mengalami peningkatan 51,52%, dan ikuti penigkatan pada aspek kehadiran sebesar 3.04%. Sebagai konsekoensi logis dari membaiknya proses pembelajaran, rata rata prestasi belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 29, 14%.
Kinetics and impacting factors of HO2 uptake onto submicron atmospheric aerosols during the 2019 Air QUAlity Study (AQUAS) in Yokohama, Japan
Authors: Zhou Jun , Sato Kei , Bai Yu , Fukusaki Yukiko , Kousa Yuka , Ramasamy Sathiyamurthi , Takami Akinori , Yoshino Ayako , Nakayama Tomoki , Sadanaga Yasuhiro , Nakashima Yoshihiro , Li Jiaru , Murano Kentaro , Kohno Nanase , Sakamoto Yosuke , Kajii Yoshizumi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. HO2 uptake kinetics onto ambient aerosols play pivotal roles in
tropospheric chemistry but are not fully understood. Field measurements of
aerosol chemical and physical properties should be linked to molecular-level kinetics; however, given that the HO2 reactivity of ambient aerosols is
low, traditional analytical techniques are unable to achieve this goal. We
developed an online approach to precisely investigate the lower-limit values of (i) the HO2 reactivities of ambient gases and aerosols and (ii) HO2 uptake coefficients onto ambient aerosols (γ) during the 2019 Air QUAlity Study (AQUAS) in Yokohama, Japan. We identified the effects of individual chemical components of ambient aerosols on γ. The results were verified in laboratory studies on individual chemical components: transition
metals play a key role in HO2 uptake processes, and chemical components indirectly influence such processes (i.e., by altering
aerosol surface properties or providing active sites), with smaller
particles tending to yield higher γ values than larger particles
owing to the limitation of gas-phase diffusion being smaller with micrometer particles and the distribution of depleting species such as transition metal
ions being mostly distributed in accumulation mode of aerosol. The modeling of γ utilized transition metal chemistry derived by previous studies,
further confirming our conclusion. However, owing to the high NO
concentrations in Yokohama, peroxy radical loss onto submicron aerosols has
a negligible impact on O3 production rate and sensitivity regime.
The Briny South: Transoceanic Subalternities at the Intersection of Global South and Ocean Studies
Authors: Boer Nienke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Both Global South studies and Ocean studies emerged as ways of investigating an increasingly global, transnational literary terrain that is no longer tied to nation-states or continental area studies formations. These fields usefully complement each other: Ocean studies stresses the importance of tracing networks of connection into the past, so that a historical Global South comes into view, while the concrete political and ethical solidarities at the heart of the Global South paradigm focuses Ocean studies on subaltern oceanic figures. This article defines the briny South, the intersection between Global South studies and Ocean studies, as the study of transoceanic networks of subaltern connection. After briefly touching on existing scholarship exemplifying the potential of the briny South, I turn to briny South networks of slavery and indenture in the Indian Ocean, both in historical sources and contemporary works of fiction. A briny South approach, I argue, combines the historical breadth and environmental focus of Ocean studies with the political and ethical drive toward understanding the subaltern experience of globalization that marks Global South studies.
Out of the Yellow/Black Peril Discourse: Humanizing China–Africa Relations in Mukuka Chipanta's A Casualty of Power
Authors: Shi Flair Donglai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As African communities start to assert a more visible presence in Chinese cities and vice versa, highly racialized discourses have appeared online with regards to a new Yellow Peril in Africa and correspondingly, an unprecedented Black Peril in China. On one hand, such malicious sentiments manifest in unofficial realms that stand in stark contrast with the official rhetoric of South–South Cooperation championed by the Chinese and African states. On the other hand, cultural production, especially fictional narratives, has emerged as another unofficial realm that seeks to humanize China–Africa relations from different angles. This article focuses on Mukuka Chipanta's A Casualty of Power, a novel with a unique focus on Chinese involvement in Zambia's mining industry. Based on contemporary incidents of interracial conflicts between African mine workers and their Chinese supervisors, the novel offers a multiplicity of critical perspectives and background stories concerning the role of Chinese migrants in Zambian society. Engaging China–Africa cultural production with the conceptual framework of the Global South, I point out the novel's achievements as well as limits in its humanization efforts and argue that these limits demonstrate the need to break away from narrow definitions of “the Global South Novel” determined by value positions.
2021/13 Equal Treatment Authority’s decision does not bind the court (HU)
Authors: Olah Zsofia 
Published: August 2021

2021/13 Equal Treatment Authority’s decision does not bind the court (HU)
This case involved an employee who claimed that her two consecutive employers breached the principle of equal treatment during their employment relationships in relation to her belonging to the Roma minority. The employee built her case on the decision of the Equal Treatment Authority, which declared that her employers discriminated against her. The Curia (the highest judicial authority in Hungary) found that the decision of another authority has no binding effect on a court according to Act III of 1952 on Civil Procedure and that in cases concerning equal treatment, the burden of proof lies on the defendant (employer) to prove that there is no link between the disadvantage suffered by the plaintiff (employee) and her protected characteristic. The Curia and regional courts also found that the employer fulfils this obligation if it successfully proves that it assessed the applicant’s qualifications, professional suitability and attitude towards work when it decided on the question of whom to employ.
2021/17 The Court of Appeal clarifies the Irish position on dismissal of an employee during the probation period (IR)
Authors: O’Leary Orla , Ryan Laura 
Published: August 2021

2021/17 The Court of Appeal clarifies the Irish position on dismissal of an employee during the probation period (IR)
The Court of Appeal has overturned a High Court decision which granted injunctive relief to prevent the defendant from removing the plaintiff from his position as chief financial officer during his probationary period.
Analyzing the Possible Changes in America-Russia Relations within Indo-Pacific Strategy
Authors: Tsogtsaikhan Buyantsogtoo , Odkhuu Urjin 
Published: August 2021

The Indo-Pacific Strategy to contain China has started officially in Trump era since 2018. It is now even more accelerated during the Biden administration. This research work has done an analysis on a change of US and Russia`s relations within the strategy based on theory of realism, geopolitics, and strategic studies. The researcher has concluded that to make alliance with the Russian Federation to conduct the strategy successfully is an inevitable choice for the US, and now some positive signs of the cooperation between two great powers are already being observed. Investigating these major events which have a potential to change world order and predicting possible scenarios are important for Mongolia in shaping the right direction for the country’s grand strategy.

Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратегийн хүрээнд Америк-Оросын харилцаанд гарч болзошгүй өөрчлөлтийг шинжлэх нь
Хураангуй: Хятадыг “хайрцаглах” зорилготой Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги нь Д.Трампын үед 2018 оноос албан ёсоор зарлагдсан бөгөөд Ж.Байдены засаглалын үед улам идэвхжин хэрэгжиж байна. Энэхүү судалгаагаар мөнхүү стратегийн хүрээнд Америк-Оросын харилцаанд орж болзошгүй өөрчлөлтийн талаар олон улсын харилцааны реализмын онол, геополитик, стратеги судлалын онолд тулгуурлан шинжилгээ хийлээ. Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратегийг амжилттай хэрэгжүүлэхийн тулд АНУ-ын хувьд Оростой холбоотны харилцаа үүсгэх нь гарцаагүй сонголт байх ба сүүлийн үед хоёр улсын хамтын ажиллагаанд зарим нааштай шинж тэмдэг илэрч байна гэж дүгнэлээ. Дэлхийн дэг журамд өөрчлөлт оруулахуйц томоохон цараатай энэ үйл явцад зөв дүн шинжилгээ хийж, зохих хувилбаруудыг тооцоолж байх нь Монгол улсын төрийн стратегийн чиг баримжааг зөв гаргахад зохистой нөлөө үзүүлэх ач холбогдолтой юм.
Түлхүүр үгс: Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги, АНУ ба Хятадын харилцаа, АНУ ба Оросын харилцаа, Орос ба Хятадын харилцаа, “Хайрцаглах”, Дөрвөл
Assessment of Phenobarbital Administration to Reduce Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use in the Immediate Postoperative Period Following Stage 2 Single-Ventricle Palliation
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep , Hafzalah Mina , Harthan Aaron A. , Wang Yanzhi , Patel Priti M. , Welty Maureen E. , Subramanian Sujata 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
The Glenn procedure may lead to the development of elevated cerebral venous pressures, which is believed to result in “Glenn headaches.” This manifests as excessive irritability, often requiring significant use of opioids and benzodiazepines. This study was designed to report our experience with the use of phenobarbital in the postoperative phase after the Glenn procedure.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective chart review to compare Glenn patients before and after implementation of a sedation protocol using phenobarbital. The 2 groups were compared for demographics, surgical characteristics, and cumulative sedation usage. Correlation coefficients between the preoperative catheterization variables and sedation usage were also calculated.

RESULTS
Groups A (pre-phenobarbital; n = 8) and B (post-phenobarbital; n = 11) were comparable in terms of demographics, cardiac anatomy, preoperative catheterization data, and hemodynamics. Patients in Group B received a median dose of 21.8 mg/kg of phenobarbital during their ICU stay. Although there was a decreased administration of morphine equivalents (2.60 mg/kg vs 2.25 mg/kg, p = 0.38), benzodiazepine (0.1 mg/kg vs 0.074 mg/kg, p = 0.43), and dexmedetomidine (47 mcg/kg vs 37.2 mcg/kg, p = 0.53) in Group B, the differences were not statistically significant. There was also no strong correlation between preoperative hemodynamic variables and the postoperative sedation requirement, and there was no statistically significant difference in overall outcomes between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
While phenobarbital may have mitigated the use of opioids, benzodiazepines, and alpha-agonist agents in some postoperative Glenn patients, the overall findings for all patients were not statistically significant. Further prospective studies are needed to ascertain the role of phenobarbital in these patients.