bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular plasticity at the nexus of development and disease
Authors: Spatz Lillian B. , Jin Ramon U. , Mills Jason C. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
In October 2020, the Keystone Symposia Global Health Series hosted a Keystone eSymposia entitled ‘Tissue Plasticity: Preservation and Alteration of Cellular Identity’. The event synthesized groundbreaking research from unusually diverse fields of study, presented in various formats, including live and virtual talks, panel discussions and interactive e-poster sessions. The meeting focused on cell identity changes and plasticity in multiple tissues, species and developmental contexts, both in homeostasis and during injury. Here, we review the key themes of the meeting: (1) cell-extrinsic drivers of plasticity; (2) epigenomic regulation of cell plasticity; and (3) conserved mechanisms governing plasticity. A salient take-home conclusion was that there may be conserved mechanisms used by cells to execute plasticity, with autodegradative activity (autophagy and lysosomes) playing a crucial initial step in diverse organs and organisms.
A Multimethod Study of Patterns and Motivations of Greenway-Based Physical Activity
Authors: Hughey S. Morgan , Stowe Ellen W. , Trello Sarah , Bornstein Daniel , Brown Kweku , Davis William J. , Kaczynski Andrew T. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Greenways are built environment facilities that show promise for recreational and transportation-related physical activity (PA). Combining objective direct observation methodology and individual intercept surveys, this study examined 1) differences in the mode of PA across three urban greenways, 2) associations between mode of PA and demographic characteristics across three urban greenways, and 3) variations in greenway user motivation and features by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education level. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities was used to measure the frequency and PA mode and user demographic characteristics in Charleston, South Carolina (N = 3681). Concurrently, brief intercept surveys captured more in-depth information on greenway use, motivations, and importance of greenway features (n = 148). Logistic regression was used to examine demographic differences in PA mode across greenways. Linear regression was used to examine demographic differences in motivations and features for greenway use. A majority of greenway users were adults (84.3%), male (54.3%), and White (82.2%). Significantly higher biking levels compared with walking/running were observed in two of the three greenways. Males were more likely than females to bike than walk/run (odds ratio = 4.01, 95% confidence interval = 3.39–4.74). Racial/ethnic minority greenway users were significantly less likely to bike than walk/run (odds ratio = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.33–0.52). Females rated “safety and security” and “natural scenery” higher than males, whereas racial/ethnic minority greenway users rated “getting to and from place” higher than White greenway users. This study provides important insight into variations in greenway-based PA and motivations for using these community features. Results suggest significant differences in types of activities and motivations by gender and race/ethnicity, which is critical information for current maintenance of greenways as well as potential improvements to better attract and appeal to diverse populations.
Feasibility of a Latin Dance Program with mHealth for Middle-Aged and Older Latinxs (BAILA TECH)
Authors: Marques Isabela G. , Kitsiou Spyros , Gerber Ben S. , Buchholz Susan W. , Bustamante Eduardo E. , Marquez David X. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Latinxs have low levels of leisure-time physical activity. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions incorporating smartphone apps and wearable PA tracking devices represent a promising solution for promoting leisure-time physical activity. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the BAILA TECH intervention for middle-aged and older Latinxs. A single-group feasibility trial was conducted for 16 wk, with 2-h in-person sessions twice a week. The Fitbit® Charge 2™, its mobile application, and text messages (TM) were added to the BAILAMOS™ Latin dance program. In-person sessions comprised Fitbit instructional sessions, the BAILAMOS™ program, and technology Q&A sessions. Participants wore Fitbits for 19 wk (16 wk of BAILAMOS™ + two baseline and one posttest week) and received TM for the last 12 wk. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment capability (e.g., recruitment rates), acceptability and suitability (e.g., enjoyment), and resources (e.g., monetary requirements). Feasibility metrics were tracked and interviews were conducted, descriptive statistics and themes are presented. Fifty-one middle-aged and older Latinxs were screened, 28 (55%) were eligible, and 20 (39%) started the intervention (female n = 15, M age = 67 yr old, SD = 7.1). All 20 participants wore their wearable PA tracker for 19 wk, and 3 participants (15%) dropped out of the in-person sessions. Participants reported enjoyment of learning and wearing the Fitbit, dancing, and receiving TM. Total intervention costs were $9572, not including personnel costs. A Latin dance program with mHealth components appears feasible for middle-aged and older Latinxs.
Novel Use of Water Immersion in the Management of Exertional Heat Stress
Authors: Maloy Wyatt , Hulsopple Chad 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Heat-related illness can result in increased morbidity and mortality from excessive or prolonged heat exposure that overcomes the body’s ability to dissipate the heat load and maintain thermal homeostasis. Postexposure treatment of heat illness has been extensively evaluated along with the role of cold water immersion in the treatment of heat illness. Heat stress mitigation and heat adaptation strategies are currently evolving, including water immersion, to mitigate heat stress and induce heat adaptation. Mitigation strategies are critical to occupations that are not always amenable to heat adaptation because of intermittent and sometimes unexpected introduction to extreme heat exposures complicated by personal protective equipment. Heat adaptation is recommended to mitigate heat-related injuries, and various strategies provide athletes and high-risk occupations a way to adapt to unaccustomed environments. Two approaches to heat stress mitigation and adaptation explored in this article are cold and hot water immersion therapies. These strategies have demonstrated promising results with the potential for minimal disruption in training or work-related schedules.
Dissemination of Thinking while Moving in Maths: Implementation Barriers and Facilitators
Authors: Riley Nicholas , Mavilidi Myrto F. , Kennedy Sarah G. , Morgan Philip J. , Lubans David R. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Integrating physical activity into the curriculum can reduce the time children spend sedentary and enhance the learning experience, particularly in mathematics where engagement is a real concern. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the dissemination of the Thinking while Moving in Maths (TWM-M) professional learning program guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. During 2016–2018, 21 TWM-M teacher professional learning workshops were delivered across New South Wales, Australia. A total of 482 teachers from 282 elementary schools attended the workshops. A stratified random sample of participants completed either a follow-up survey (n = 18) or were interviewed using a semistructured discussion framework (n = 13). Teachers reported increased student engagement in mathematics when a movement-based pedagogy was used, which had been reported as the main reason for attending the professional learning workshop (Reach). TWM-M had a positive effect on students’ enjoyment and motivation to learn mathematics (Effectiveness). Workshop attendance improved teachers’ skills and confidence to deliver movement-based mathematics (Adoption). TWM-M was implemented through a variety of delivery modes, including whole class lessons outside the classroom, with 5- to 10-min energizer breaks during mathematics lessons inside the classroom (Implementation). Implementation issues and the need for additional resources emerged as barriers to whole school adoption. The TWM-M program had reached students at the class level. However, evidence for whole school adoption and delivery outside the particular stage is limited (Maintenance). The TWM-M program was successfully disseminated in New South Wales elementary schools. Programs designed to increase children’s physical activity and enhance their academic outcomes are likely to be attractive to teachers, if they are designed in partnership with education authorities. Overall, the TWM-M professional learning program was positively received. Novel strategies need to ensure that professional learning delivered off site has effect on the whole school level.
First experience of efficacy and radiation exposure in 320-detector row CT fluoroscopy-guided interventions
Authors: Yamamoto Shota , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Suda Satoshi , Tomita Kosuke , Kamei Shunsuke , Hashida Kazunobu , Imai Yutaka , Endo Kazuyuki , Murakami Katsuki , Hasebe Terumitsu 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
We investigated the efficacy and exposure to radiation in 320-detector row computed tomography fluoroscopy-guided (CTF-guided) interventions.

Methods:
We analysed 231 320-detector row CTF-guided interventions (207 patients over 2 years and 6 months) in terms of technical success rates, clinical success rates, complications, scanner settings, overall radiation doses (dose–length product, mGy*cm), patient doses of peri-interventional CT series, and interventional CT (including CTF), as a retrospective cohort study. The relationships between patient radiation dose and interventional factors were assessed using multivariate analysis.

Results:
Overall technical success rate was 98.7% (228/231). The technical success rates of biopsies, drainages, and aspirations were 98.7% (154/156), 98.5% (66/67), and 100% (8/8), respectively. The clinical success rate of biopsies was 93.5% (146/156). All three major complications occurred in chest biopsies. The median total radiation dose was 522.4 (393.4–819.8) mGy*cm. Of the total radiation dose, 87% was applied during the pre- and post-interventional CT series. Post-interventional CT accounted for 24.4% of the total radiation dose. Only 11.4% of the dose was applied by CTF-guided intervention. Multilinear regression demonstrated that male sex, body mass index, drainage, intervention time, and helical scan as post-interventional CT were significantly associated with higher dose.

Conclusion:
The 320-detector row CTF interventions achieved a high success rate. Dose reduction in post-interventional CT provides patient dose reduction without decreasing the technical success rates.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study on the relationship between various interventional outcomes and patient exposure to radiation in 320-detector row CTF-guided interventions, suggesting a new perspective on dose reduction.
Approximation Methods for Multiobjective Optimization Problems: A Survey
Authors: Herzel Arne , Ruzika Stefan , Thielen Clemens 
Published: February 2021

Algorithms for approximating the nondominated set of multiobjective optimization problems are reviewed. The approaches are categorized into general methods that are applicable under mild assumptions and, thus, to a wide range of problems, and into algorithms that are specifically tailored to structured problems. All in all, this survey covers 52 articles published within the last 41 years, that is, between 1979 and 2020. Summary of Contribution: In many problems in operations research, several conflicting objective functions have to be optimized simultaneously, and one is interested in finding Pareto optimal solutions. Because of the high complexity of finding Pareto optimal solutions and their usually very large number, however, the exact solution of such multiobjective problems is often very difficult, which motivates the study of approximation algorithms for multiobjective optimization problems. This research area uses techniques and methods from algorithmics and computing in order to efficiently determine approximate solutions to many well-known multiobjective problems from operations research. Even though approximation algorithms for multiobjective optimization problems have been investigated for more than 40 years and more than 50 research articles have been published on this topic, this paper provides the first survey of this important area at the intersection of computing and operations research.
Assessment of tree species diversity, composition and structure of Medha Kachhapia National Park, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mehraj , Chowdhury Faqrul Islam , Hossain Mohammed Kamal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Uddin M, Chowdhury FI, Hossain MK. 2020. Assessment of tree species diversity, composition and structure of Medha Kachhapia National Park, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Asian J For 4: 15-21. Tree species diversity assessment is considered an essential task to design robust conservation action plans of Protected Areas (PAs). Numerous researches have assessed tree diversity of different PAs of Bangladesh but tree diversity of Medha Kachhapia National Park (MKNP) is still unknown due to lack of research initiatives. It hinders forest managers of this PA to plan and implement conservation actions successfully. To this end, the study carried out a systematic sampling to ascertain composition, distribution, and diversity of tree species available at MKNP of Bangladesh. Findings revealed that representation of tree diversity of MKNP was very poor. Only 10 tree species representing 6 families were identified. Besides, MKNP was dominated by different Dipterocarpus spp. especially with Dipterocarpus costatus. Dominance in height and diameter classes and high Important Value Index (133.94) of D. costatus indicated that the tree might possess a suitable habitat in MKNP to maintain optimum dispersal, development, and growth. However, recent plantation activities with exotic Acacia auriculiformis and intensified human-induced disturbances might hamper its habitat. Thus, to conserve the habitat of D. costatus and remaining forest resources of MKNP, reforestation efforts should be shifted from exotic to native tree species, and community anthropogenic disturbances should be minimized.
A proportion of CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease undergo a dysfunctional process, which is partially reversed by benznidazole treatment
Authors: Pérez-Antón Elena , Egui Adriana , Thomas M. Carmen , Carrilero Bartolomé , Simón Marina , López-Ruz Miguel Ángel , Segovia Manuel , López Manuel Carlos 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSigns of senescence and the late stages of differentiation associated with the more severe forms of Chagas disease have been described in theTrypanosoma cruziantigen-specific CD4+T-cell population. However, the mechanisms involved in these functions are not fully known. To date, little is known about the possible impact of benznidazole treatment on theT.cruzi-specific functional response of CD4+T cells.Methodology/Principal findingsThe functional capacity of CD4+T cells was analyzed by cytometric assays in chronic Chagas disease patients, with indeterminate form (IND) and cardiac alterations (CCC) (25 and 15, respectively) before and after benznidazole treatment. An increase in the multifunctional capacity (expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, perforin and/or granzyme B) of the antigen-specific CD4+T cells was observed in indeterminateversuscardiac patients, which was associated with the reduced coexpression of inhibitory receptors (2B4, CD160, CTLA-4, PD-1 and/or TIM-3). The functional profile of these cells shows statistically significant differences between IND and CCC (p<0.001), with a higher proportion of CD4+T cells coexpressing 2 and 3 molecules in IND (54.4%versus23.1% and 4.1%versus2.4%, respectively). A significant decrease in the frequencies of CD4+T cells that coexpress 2, 3 and 4 inhibitory receptors was observed in IND after 24–48 months of treatment (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), which was associated with an increase in antigen-specific multifunctional activity. The IND group showed, at 9–12 months after treatment, an increase in the CD4+T cell subset coproducing three molecules, which were mainly granzyme B+, perforin+and IFN-γ+(1.4%versus4.5%).Conclusions/SignificanceA CD4+T cell dysfunctional process was detected in chronic Chagas disease patients, being more exacerbated in those patients with cardiac symptoms. After short-term benznidazole treatment (9–12 months), indeterminate patients showed a significant increase in the frequency of multifunctional antigen-specific CD4+T cells.
Intragastric Balloon Improves Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis
Authors: Lin Elissa , Huang Xiaoyan , Pei Zhiheng , Gross Jonathan , Popov Violeta 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Obesity is a major risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although weight loss has been shown to reverse histologic features of NASH, lifestyle intervention alone is often challenging and unfeasible. In this case report, we discuss the effects of intragastric balloon (IGB) therapy on steatosis, fibrosis, and portal pressures. We also demonstrate that improvement in histologic features persist at least 6 months after IGB removal. Although there are little data thus far to support IGB therapy in the treatment of NASH, our case provides evidence of the potential benefit of IGB on improving metabolic parameters and markers of liver fibrosis.
Vanishing John–Nirenberg spaces
Authors: Tao Jin , Yang Dachun , Yuan Wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There still exist many unsolved problems on the study
related to John–Nirenberg spaces.
In this article, the authors introduce
two new vanishing subspaces of the John–Nirenberg space

JN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{JN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

denoted, respectively,
by

VJN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{VJN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

and

CJN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{CJN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

,
and establish their equivalent characterizations
which are counterparts of those characterizations for the classic spaces

VMO
⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{VMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

and

CMO
⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{CMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

obtained, respectively, by
D. Sarason and A. Uchiyama.
All these results shed some light on the mysterious space

JN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{JN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

.
The approach strongly depends on
the fine geometrical properties of dyadic cubes, which enable
the authors to subtly classify any collection of interior
pairwise disjoint cubes.
Transferencia embrionaria única: estrategia clave para reducir el riesgo de embarazo múltiple en reproducción humana asistida
Authors: Reimundo Pilar , Gutiérrez Romero Javier M. , Rodríguez Pérez Tamara , Veiga Ernesto 
Published: February 2021

Resumen
El objetivo principal en los inicios de la reproducción humana asistida (RHA) era conseguir la gestación. Las tasas de éxito eran bajas y, por ello, las transferencias embrionarias múltiples se convirtieron en una práctica normal alcanzando tasas de embarazo múltiple hasta veinte veces superiores a las naturales. El embarazo múltiple está asociado a un mayor riesgo de complicaciones para la salud que un embarazo único, tanto para la madre como para los bebés. A los costes en salud deben sumarse también los costes económicos y los riesgos psicosociales, implicando por tanto un elevado coste socio-sanitario. En la actualidad, las tasas de éxito en RHA han mejorado enormemente gracias, en parte, a importantes avances del laboratorio como el cultivo embrionario hasta blastocisto y la vitrificación. Asimismo, existen diversas herramientas de asesoramiento, políticas sanitarias y económicas que han demostrado, tras su aplicación en varios países, su efectividad en el aumento de la práctica de la transferencia embrionaria única y en el descenso de las tasas de embarazo múltiple, garantizando unas tasas de éxito satisfactorias. Por todo ello, la transferencia embrionaria única se plantea como la estrategia de elección en RHA para conseguir un recién nacido vivo sano a término en casa.
Hsien Wu and his major contributions to the chemical era of immunology
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the first biological fields to achieve a formal chemical wing is believed to be immunology, and in the early twentieth century, many investigators have studied this field in terms of chemical reactions. Hsien Wu was one of China’s outstanding biochemist leaders during the first half of the twentieth century, an influential immunology scientist. By introducing his academic and scientific background, I elaborate on Hsien Wu’s achievements in the immunochemical period. Wu has solved one of the most serious issues on the accurate perception of immunology, and he made quick and universal attention in this regard. Hsien’s most fundamental contribution to this field is his concentration on quantitation, chemical approaches, and physicochemical, opening a new window for other scientists to find out more about the chemical approaches and theories.
Molecular School – a pre-university chemistry school
Authors: Nogueira Bernardo A. , Silva Alexandre D. , Mendes Maria Inês P. , Pontinha Ana Dora R. , Serpa Carlos , Calvete Mário J. F. , Rocha-Gonçalves Alexandra , Caridade Pedro J. B. S. , Rodrigues Sérgio P. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The planning, implementation and results of the first edition of the Molecular School are presented, as the first pre-university school project held in Portugal. This is not, however, a strictly Portuguese project, since it can be replicated in other countries at the secondary school level, with minor adjustments. Herein, the pilot edition of Molecular School is detailed and discussed, where 36 secondary school students have participated. The plan for the second edition, to be held in the first semester of 2021, with the confirmed participation of around 100 students, is further presented. Briefly, the project is divided in two modules: theoretical and laboratory work. These were prepared in a complementary way and performed to achieve the same purpose: deliver a wider vision of what chemistry really is. Hence, the classes were designed having in mind the applications that chemistry has in our everyday life, in the different academic research fields and in industry. A better preparation and training at the laboratory level was also a goal of this project. The enthusiasm, happiness and the motivation shown by the students, and their eagerness to participate in the future editions of the Molecular School, were clear signs of this project success.