bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESAIN STETOSKOP UNTUK DETEKSI DETAK JANTUNG MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR SUARA DAN PENGHITUNGAN BPM(BEAT PER MINUTE) MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO
Authors: Faesal Abiq Muhammad , Santoso Imam , Sofwan Aghus 
Published: April 2021

Denyut jantung merupakan suara berpola yang bersesuaian dengan kondisi detak jantung manusia yang dapat dihitung menggunakan satuan per menit (Beat Per Minute atau BPM). Untuk keperluan medis, detak jantung dapat didengarkan menggunakan stetoskop dengan teliti. Penelitian ini membuat suatu alat yang dapat mengenali suara detak jantung dalam bentuk gelombang dan BPM. Alat ini terdiri dari tiga bagian utama, yaitu: MAX9814 sebagai sensor suara detak jantung, ADC pada mikrokontroler arduino untuk mengidentifikasi jumlah BPM pengguna, dan amplifier sebagai penguat sinyal suara detak jantung. Data yang dihasilkan dari alat deteksi detak jantung manusia usia 20-24 tahun akan dikonversi sebagai sinyal suara digital. Kemudian sinyal yang ditransmisikan menggunakan kabel aux akan dibandingkan dengan sinyal melalui bluetooth. Dari hasil pengujian dengan kabel aux didapatkan rata-rata varians 0.028 dan rata-rata standar deviasi 0.166. Sedangkan pada sinyal suara menggunakan bluetooth didapatkan rata-rata varian 0.0444 dan rata-rata standar deviasi 0.2071.
UNJUK KERJA TRANSFORMATOR DAYA PADA GARDU INDUK SISTEM KELISTRIKAN PULAU BANGKA
Authors: Irawan Bambang , Sunanda Wahri 
Published: April 2021

Efisiensi transformator dapat didefinisikan sebagai perbandingan antara daya listrik keluaran dengan daya listrik yang masuk pada transformator. Oleh karenanya akan dianalisis pengaruh perubahan beban terhadap efisiensi dan rugi-rugi transformator daya di gardu induk Air Anyir, gardu induk Pangkalpinang dan gardu induk Sungailiat. Hasil analisis yang didapatkan pada transformator daya gardu induk Air Anyir pembebanan tertinggi 13.36 MW dengan efisiensi 99.62 % dan rugi total 49.46 kW serta pembebanan terendah sebesar 2.37 MW dengan efisiensi 96.65 % dan rugi total 38.83 kW. Pada tranformator daya gardu induk Pangkalpinang pembebanan tertinggi 17,38 MW dengan efisiensi 99.69 % dan rugi total 61.64 kW serta pembebanan terendah 11.93 MW dengan efisiensi 99.65 % dan rugi total 41.22 kW. Pada transformator daya gardu induk Sungailiat pembebanan tertinggi 12.98 MW dan efisiensi 99.65 %, dan rugi total 45.61 kW sedangkan pembebanan terendah 2.06 MW dengan efisiensi 97.46% dan rugi total 23.88 kW
ANALISA KINERJA PLTS ON GRID 50 KWP AKIBAT EFEK BAYANGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE PVSYST
Authors: Mansur Adrian 
Published: April 2021

PLTS On Grid 50 kWp UPDL Makassar merupakan PLTS yang dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik sekaligus sebagai modul pembelajaran PLTS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kinerja PLTS dengan membandingkan antara energi riil dengan hasil simulasi menggunakan Software PVSyst. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh perbedaan energi riil sebesar 15.53 % dibandingkan hasil simulasi PVSyst Meteonorm 7.3 dengan data shading pada tools Solmetric, sementara selisih dengan hasil simulasi PVSyst NASA-SSE sebesar 7.51% dibandingkan energi riil. Pada kedua simulasi data, diperoleh langgam output yang identik dengan kondisi riil dimana nilai output terendah pada Inverter 2 yang disebabkan oleh faktor shading. Selain itu pada penelitian ini diperoleh penurunan output disebabkan oleh perbedaan antara orientasi dan tilt PLTS dibandingkan dengan hasil optimasi azimuth dan tilt pada simulasi PVSyst.
Synthesis, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral docking studies of ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates
Authors: Haroon Muhammad , Akhtar Tashfeen , Khalid Muhammad , Ali Shehbaz , Zahra Saniya , ul haq Ihsan , Alhujaily Muhanad , C. H. de B. Dias Mabilly , Cristina Lima Leite Ana , Muhammad Shabbir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A series of ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates (2a–r) was synthesized in two steps from thiosemicarbazones (1a–r), which were cyclized with ethyl bromopyruvate to ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates (2a–r). The structures of compounds (2a–r) were established by FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The structure of compound 2a was confirmed by HRMS. The compounds (2a–r) were then evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant assays. The antioxidant studies revealed, ethyl 2-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (2g) and ethyl 2-(2-(1-phenylethylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (2h) as promising antioxidant agents with %FRSA: 84.46 ± 0.13 and 74.50 ± 0.37, TAC: 269.08 ± 0.92 and 269.11 ± 0.61 and TRP: 272.34 ± 0.87 and 231.11 ± 0.67 μg AAE/mg dry weight of compound. Beside bioactivities, density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to study the electronic structure and properties of synthesized compounds (2a–m). The potential of synthesized compounds for possible antiviral targets is also predicted through molecular docking methods. The compounds 2e and 2h showed good binding affinities and inhibition constants to be considered as therapeutic target for Mpro protein of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The present in-depth analysis of synthesized compounds will put them under the spot light for practical applications as antioxidants and the modification in structural motif may open the way for COVID-19 drug.
The Mogou Bioarchaeology Project: exploring health in the Chinese Bronze Age
Authors: Dittmar Jenna M. , Berger Elizabeth S. , Mao Ruilin , Wang Hui , Yeh Hui-Yuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBioarchaeological research provides unique insights on human adaptation, diet, lifestyle and epidemiology. The Mogou Bioarchaeology Project explores how health was affected by the Bronze Age transition in north-west China. Preliminary results reveal that the inhabitants experienced substantial physiological stress, infectious disease and lethal trauma.
Representational Content of Oscillatory Brain Activity during Object Recognition: Contrasting Cortical and Deep Neural Network Hierarchies
Authors: Reddy Leila , Cichy Radoslaw Martin , VanRullen Rufin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNumerous theories propose a key role for brain oscillations in visual perception. Most of these theories postulate that sensory information is encoded in specific oscillatory components (e.g., power or phase) of specific frequency bands. These theories are often tested with whole-brain recording methods of low spatial resolution (EEG or MEG), or depth recordings that provide a local, incomplete view of the brain. Opportunities to bridge the gap between local neural populations and whole-brain signals are rare. Here, using representational similarity analysis (RSA) in human participants we explore which MEG oscillatory components (power and phase, across various frequency bands) correspond to low or high-level visual object representations, using brain representations from fMRI, or layer-wise representations in seven recent deep neural networks (DNNs), as a template for low/high-level object representations. The results showed that around stimulus onset and offset, most transient oscillatory signals correlated with low-level brain patterns (V1). During stimulus presentation, sustained β (∼20 Hz) and γ (>60 Hz) power best correlated with V1, while oscillatory phase components correlated with IT representations. Surprisingly, this pattern of results did not always correspond to low-level or high-level DNN layer activity. In particular, sustained β band oscillatory power reflected high-level DNN layers, suggestive of a feed-back component. These results begin to bridge the gap between whole-brain oscillatory signals and object representations supported by local neuronal activations.
Estructura factorial de la Brief Self-Control Scale en español
Authors: Rendón María Isabel , Muñoz Lorena , Jaramillo Jorge Mario , Weis Mirjam 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the factor structutre of the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS; Tangney, Baumeister y Boone, 2004) used as self-report with a sample of 151 children in Colombia (mean age 8.2 years, 50.33% girls and 49.66% boys) and 115 children in Chile (mean age 7.3 years, 53.04% girls and 49.95% boys). The scale was also answered by 80 of the Colombian children’s mothers (mean age 38.3 years) and the 115 mothers of the Chilean children (mean age 35.8 years) to evaluate their children’s self-control. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed a bidimensional structure in all samples and acceptable internal consistency values. However, the composition of the factors Overall findings are discussed in terms of cultural differences in self-control socialization practices and the development of self-regulation during the initial primary school years. According to these findings, self-control assessment using the BSCS in this age group requires.adjustments.differed notably between countries and between mothers and children.
Enjuagatorios bucales como medida preventiva en la atención odontológica durante pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Pérez-Mejía Gabriel , Herencia-Torres Lohana , Sihuay-Torres Kamila 
Published: April 2021

Sr. Editor.
Debido a la propagación del COVID-19, han surgido nuevos protocolos de atención odontológica para poder controlar esta pandemia. Se sabe que una de las principales formas de ingreso del SARS-CoV-2 a nuestro organismo es a través de la cavidad bucal ya que las glándulas salivales menores y botones gustativos están cargados de receptores ACE-2 1. Por eso, consideramos que es importante fomentar el uso de enjuagues bucales preoperatorios durante la consulta odontológica para reducir la carga viral en boca y así prevenir la propagación de este virus entre el paciente y el operador. La presente carta al editor tiene como objetivo fundamentar la importancia del uso de estos colutorios.
Nail-Patella Syndrome
Authors: KNOERS NINE V.A.M. , BONGERS ERNIE M.H.F. , BEERSUM SYLVIA E.C. VAN , LOMMEN ED J.P. , BOKHOVEN HANS VAN , HOL FRANS A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Nail-patella syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dyplasia of finger nails, skeletal anomalies, and, frequently, renal disease. It has recently been shown that this disorder is caused by putative loss-of-function mutations in a transcription factor (LMX1B) belonging to the LIM-homeodomain family, members of which are known to be important for pattern formation during development. A cohort of eight Dutch NPS families were screened for mutations in the LMX1B gene; seven different mutations, including one novel variant, were identified. Three of the mutations are very likely to result in truncated LMX1B proteins, three are predicted to influence sequence-specific DNA binding, and one is presumed to prevent the formation of a stable protein by abolishing the Zn(II) binding site of the protein. Although there was a remarkable high incidence of renal disease in one of the families, the nephropathy was not seen in all affected family members and the severity of renal impairment varied significantly among the patients. This indicates that the incidence and severity of nephropathy within this family cannot be attributed to the LMX1B genotype. In addition, evidence of a correlation between other characteristics of the NPS phenotype and specific mutations has not been found.
Increased Abundance of Distal Sodium Transporters in Rat Kidney during Vasopressin Escape
Authors: ECELBARGER CAROLYN A. , KNEPPER MARK A. , VERBALIS JOSEPH G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Hyponatremia is associated with inappropriately elevated vasopressin levels. A brisk natriuresis precedes the escape from this antidiuresis. Thus, the hypothesis was that the abundance of one or more of the sodium transporters of the distal tubule (a site for fine tuning of sodium balance) would be altered during vasopressin escape. Semiquantitative immunoblotting was used to examine the regulation of abundance of several sodium transporters/channels of the thick ascending limb through the collecting duct in the rat model. Osmotic minipumps to infuse dDAVP, the V2-selective vasopressin agonist (5 ng/h) for the entire experiment, were implanted in Male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 4 d, rats were divided into a control (dry AIN-76 diet/ad libitum water) or a water-loaded (gelled-agar-AIN-76 diet/ad libitum water) group. Rats were killed after 1, 2, 3, or 7 additional days. The water-loaded rats were hyponatremic (plasma Na+, 98 to 122 mmol/L) and manifested the expected early natriuresis and diuresis of vasopressin escape. Water loading (with dDAVP infusion) resulted in increased whole-kidney abundances of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl co-transporter, the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the 70-kD dimer of the γ-subunit of ENaC. No changes were observed for the β-subunit of ENaC. Similar protein changes have recently been associated with elevated aldosterone levels in rats. However, plasma aldosterone levels were significantly suppressed in this model. These data suggest that several distal sodium reabsorptive mechanisms are upregulated during vasopressin escape; this may help to attenuate the developing hyponatremia resulting from water loading when vasopressin levels are inappropriately elevated.
Expression and Regulation of Estrogen Receptors in Mesangial Cells
Authors: POTIER MYLENE , ELLIOT SHARON J. , TACK IVAN , LENZ OLIVER , STRIKER GARY E. , STRIKER LILIANE J. , KARL MICHAEL 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the mesangium. Estrogens seem to retard whereas estrogen deficiency seems to accelerate progressive glomerulosclerosis. Thus, mesangial cells (MC) may be a target for estrogens. Estrogen action is mediated via estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERα and ERβ. Both ER subtypes were expressed in human and mouse MC. Using an estrogen-responsive reporter construct in transfection assays, it also was demonstrated that the nuclear ER were transcriptionally active. In the presence of 17β-estradiol (E2; 10-10 to 10-8 M), there was a progressive increase in the mRNA levels of both ERα (approximately 1.8-fold and approximately 2.7-fold after 24 and 72 h, respectively) and ERβ (approximately 1.3-fold and approximately 2.2-fold after 24 and 72 h, respectively). ERα protein levels increased approximately 2.5-fold after 24 h (10-10 M, E2) and up to approximately 5.4-fold after 72 h (10-9 M, E2). ERβ protein levels increased approximately 2.1-fold in the presence of E2 (10-9 M) after 24 h. Thus, estrogens positively regulate the expression of the ER subtypes, thereby maintaining or increasing MC responsiveness to estrogens. Because diabetic glomerulosclerosis may be due partly to a decrease in ECM degradation, the effects of estrogens on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were studied. It was found that E2 (10-10 to 10-8 M) increased both MMP-9 mRNA and MMP-9 activity in MC. This may be an important mechanism by which estrogens influence ECM turnover and protect against progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Expression of Nephrin in Pediatric Kidney Diseases
Authors: PATRAKKA JAAKKO , RUOTSALAINEN VESA , KETOLA ILKKA , HOLMBERG CHRISTER , HEIKINHEIMO MARKKU , TRYGGVASON KARL , JALANKO HANNU 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Nephrin is a podocyte cell adhesion protein located at the slit diaphragm area of the kidney glomerulus. Mutations in the nephrin gene (NPHS1) lead to congenital nephrosis, suggesting that nephrin is essential for the glomerular filtration barrier. This prompted this study of the expression of nephrin in acquired pediatric kidney diseases using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization for nephrin mRNA was performed in biopsy samples from patients with proteinuria caused by minimal change nephrosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. The expression of nephrin mRNA was evaluated by grading the signal intensity visually and by counting the number of grains in separate glomeruli. No significant difference was observed in these samples as compared with controls. Immunostaining for nephrin was performed using antibodies directed against extra- and intracellular parts of the molecule. Nephrin staining gave a linear pattern along the glomerular capillary loops. In minimal change nephrosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy, the distribution of nephrin was similar to that in controls. In proliferative forms of glomerulonephritides (Henoch-Scho[Combining Diaeresis]nlein nephritis, IgA nephropathy, postinfectious and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis), crescents and sclerotic lesions were negative for nephrin, and mesangial proliferation led to a scattered and sparse staining pattern. The staining pattern of nephrin was compared to that of ZO-1, a component of the cytoplasmic face of the slit diaphragm. The distributions of these two proteins in capillary tufts were similar in all disease entities studied. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization did not reveal major alterations in the expression of nephrin in proteinuric kidney diseases in children. Further studies are needed for more precise evaluation of the role of nephrin in these diseases.
Segment-Specific c-ErbB2 Expression in Human Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: NAKANISHI KOICHI , SWEENEY WILLIAM E. , AVNER ELLIS D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
c-ErbB2 (also referred to as Neu or HER2), a transmembrane glycoprotein with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, is structurally related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and forms active heterodimers with EGFR as well as other members of the EGFR family. c-ErbB2 is reported to mediate differentiation and proliferation in epithelial cells and is expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner. Given the role of EGFR in cystic renal epithelial hyperplasia and the immature phenotype of cystic renal epithelial cells, the segment-specific expression pattern of c-ErbB2 in human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) was examined in nine ARPKD kidney specimens ranging from gestational age 17 wk through postnatal age 4 wk. c-ErbB2 staining of human ARPKD samples showed increased expression with increasing gestational age compared with normal human fetal and postnatal kidneys. This increased c-ErbB2 expression was primarily localized to the apical surfaces of cystic collecting tubule cells, similar to the pattern of EGFR expression, and paralleled collecting tubular cyst formation and growth.
Temporary Treatment of Prepubescent Rats with Angiotensin Inhibitors Suppresses the Development of Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
Authors: NAKAYA HIDEAKI , SASAMURA HIROYUKI , HAYASHI MATSUHIKO , SARUTA TAKAO 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease; therefore, strategies to prevent the development of renal disease require close study. Here it is demonstrated that transient treatment of prepubescent rats with angiotensin inhibitors attenuated their susceptibility to the development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis after maturation. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive Izumo strain rats were divided into four groups, treated with vehicle, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) delapril (40 mg/kg per d), the angiotensin receptor antagonist (AT1R-Ant) candesartan cilexetil (1 mg/kg per d), or the vasodilator hydralazine (25 mg/kg per d) from weaning to puberty (3 to 10 wk of age), and then monitored without treatment for 6 mo. BP in the ACEI- and AT1R-Ant-treated groups remained significantly decreased, compared with the untreated and hydralazine-treated groups. Moreover, marked proteinuria and nephrosclerosis developed in the untreated and hydralazine-treated groups at 30 wk but were suppressed in the ACEI- and AT1R-Ant-treated groups. Of interest, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II concentrations, and renal renin mRNA levels were reduced by >50% in the ACEI- and AT1R-Ant-treated rats, suggesting that the treatments may have attenuated the development of nephrosclerosis by overcoming the susceptibility of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats to overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Improving Contact Area between the Peritoneum and Intraperitoneal Therapeutic Solutions
Authors: FLESSNER MICHAEL F. , LOFTHOUSE JOANNE , ZAKARIA EL RASHEID 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
A general assumption in peritoneal dialysis or intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been that a volume of 2 to 3 L in the human is sufficient to make contact with the entire anatomic peritoneum. On the basis of our previous experimental work and that of others, it was hypothesized that only a fraction of the anatomic peritoneum was in contact with the therapeutic solution in the cavity over a short period of time. It was also hypothesized that use of agitation of the experimental animal or a surfactant in the dialysis fluid would increase the contact area of the intraperitoneal solution. These hypotheses were tested by developing a method to measure the peritoneal contact area simultaneously with the anatomic peritoneal area. Anesthetized mice (25 to 35 g) received an injection of a relatively large volume (10 ml) of isotonic solution containing a radiolabeled protein that adhered to the peritoneum with which it came in contact. After a dwell of 1 to 24 h, the animal was killed and frozen. Cross sections of the abdominal and pelvic cavities were cut and placed against film to develop into autoradiograms, which represent the linear dimension of fluid contact in each sampling plane. The tissue sections that corresponded to the autoradiograms were stained to display the linear dimension of the anatomic peritoneum in the sampling plane. By imaging both the autoradiogram and the corresponding histologic slide, an estimate of the ratio of the contact area to anatomic area in each plane can be calculated (Rmean = average of all ratios). Applying this method to mice that were dialyzed with an isotonic salt solution under quiescent conditions for 1 h produced Rmean = 0.43 ± 0.03. With rapid shaking of the animal, Rmean = 0.54 ± 0.03 (P < 0.05). Addition of the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) 0.5% to the solution under quiescent conditions increased Rmean to 1.07 ± 0.03 (P < 0.001). Lengthening the dwell of the isotonic solution to 24 h increased Rmean to >0.90. In further study of the effect of the concentration of DSS on contact area, there was a direct correlation of Rmean with concentrations ranging from 0.0005 to 0.05% DSS. It is concluded that less than half of the mouse peritoneum is in contact with a large volume of solution in the peritoneal cavity. Maneuvers such as agitation and use of surfactant in the intraperitoneal solution increase the fraction of contact area. Also demonstrated was a direct dose-response of contact area versus intraperitoneal concentration of DSS, which may be useful in intraperitoneal therapies of peritoneal dialysis or intraperitoneal chemotherapy.