bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation for science learning as an antecedent of emotions and engagement in preservice elementary teachers
Authors: Membiela Pedro , Vidal Manuel , Fragueiro Sandra , Lorenzo María , García‐Rodeja Isabel , Aznar Virginia , Bugallo Anxela , González Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral variables associated with motivation toward science learning in preservice elementary teachers, such as relevance to personal goals and self‐efficacy, are important factors in preservice preparation. The main objective is to analyze the relationships of these motivational variables with the emotions of boredom and enjoyment, and with engagement in science learning. Data were obtained with a self‐report questionnaire completed by 871 preservice elementary teachers and analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM) methodology. The first step determined the adequacy of the measurement model and, in the second step, SEM showed that the variables associated with motivation for science learning significantly predicted the variance of boredom and enjoyment as 27% and 52%, respectively. The variables associated with motivation for science learning and emotions explained 67% of the variance in science learning engagement. Relevance to personal goals and self‐efficacy in science learning predicted the emotional variables. Emotional variables mediated the impact of motivational variables in science‐learning engagement. The fundamental role of emotions in motivation and science‐learning engagement in preservice elementary teachers is observed.
NIR Laser‐Treatment, Anti‐Oxidation Upconversion Nanoparticles for Optical Temperature Sensing
Authors: Bai Yandong , Li Yuemei , Wang Rui , Li Yongmei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRare earth ions doped upconversion nanoparticles have a good potential in optical temperature sensing. Herein, a series of ZnO : Yb/Tm/Ga are prepared, which realize the last sensitization. ZnO semiconductor host is sensitized under 980 nm excitation at power 0.6 W. The upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity of sample increase about ∼15 times compared with pre‐sensitization. The colors of UCL change from blue to yellow with the excitation powers from 0.20 W to 1.05 W, realizing the multi‐color turning. Temperature‐sensing properties based on Stark levels and non‐thermally coupled energy levels (NTECLs) of Tm3+ are analyzed. The maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) of temperature sensor reaches 44.37 %K−1 at 693 K, which originated from 1G4 (652 nm) and 3F2,3 (700 nm) of Tm3+. The energy gap between the energy level 1G4 and 3F2,3 of Tm3+ is about ∼1217 cm−1, which suggest that they are thermally coupled. Moreover, ZnO : Yb/Tm/Ga@SiO2 have no damage to the liver, indicating that UCNPs has a low biological toxicity. The ZnO : Yb/Tm/Ga@SiO2 core/shell upconversion nanoparticles can be used in temperature sensors and biological temperature sensing.
Competitive Wetting: A New Approach to Prevent Liquid Penetration through Porous Materials with Superior Synergistic Effect
Authors: Ding Jie , Kearney James , Wang Hongxia , Tian Tongfei , Rutledge Gregory C. , Lin Tong , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBlocking liquid penetration in porous materials is a key function for several applications including chemical protective clothing (CPC), wound healing, and hygiene products. Enormous efforts are made to prevent liquid penetration through porous media by the modification of materials. CPC is used as an example to demonstrate the effect of the synergistic effect on liquid penetration. A common strategy to achieve liquid protection is the use of liquid‐repellent surfaces with the aid of a liquid absorption liner layer. However, this strategy demonstrates limited success for low surface energy liquids. Herein, a novel approach is reported to prevent the permeation of liquid across porous materials by a synergistic effect. Both fabrics are individually susceptible to be wetted by low surface tension liquids. However, when they are assembled, they can prevent low surface tension liquids from penetrating because of the wettability gap between the two fabrics. The fabric assembly demonstrates an increase in the liquid prevention capacity by 70–1000 times compared with a commercial CPC material. This novel synergistic effect may offer a breakthrough in the development of various applications including protective clothing baby nappies, hygiene products, food preparation, soil water retention, and sporting/camping/ski equipment and clothing.
Machine Learning in Screening High Performance Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yang Baopeng , Liu Kang , Li Hongmei , Chen Gen , Qiu Xiaoqing , Li Wenzhang , Hu Junhua , Fu Junwei , Jiang Yong , Liu Min , Ye Jinhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConverting CO2 into carbon‐based fuels is promising for relieving the greenhouse gas effect and the energy crisis. However, the selectivity and efficiency of current electrocatalysts for CO2 reductions are still not satisfactory. In this paper, the development of machine learning methods in screening CO2 reduction electrocatalysts over the recent years is reviewed. Through high‐throughput calculation of some key descriptors such as adsorption energies, d‐band center, and coordination number by well‐constructed machine learning models, the catalytic activity, optimal composition, active sites, and CO2 reduction reaction pathway over various possible materials can be predicted and understood. Machine learning is now realized as a fast and low‐cost method to effectively explore high performance electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Nanosized Li3HoBr6 Solid Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Li‐Se Battery
Authors: Shi Xiaomeng , Zeng Zhichao , Zhang Hongtu , Huang Bolong , Sun Mingzi , Wong Hon Ho , Lu Qiuyang , Luo Wei , Huang Yunhui , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRare earth (RE) based halide solid electrolytes (HEs) are recently considered as research hotspots in the field of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). The RE‐based HEs possess high ionic conductivity, credible deformability, and good stability, which can bring excellent electrochemical performances for ASSBs. However, the conventional synthetic methods of RE HEs are a mechanochemical process and co‐melting strategy, both approaches require expensive raw materials and sophisticated equipment. Therefore, a lot of research work is required to promote the preparation methods for these promising SSEs in ASSBs. Thus, a vacuum evaporation‐assisted synthesis method is developed for the massive synthesis of HEs. The as‐prepared Li3HoBr6 (LHB) has a high lithium‐ion conductivity close to the mS cm−1 level and the LHB‐based Li‐Se ASSBs can be assembled by cold pressing. Theoretical calculations have revealed that the Li migrations are highly preferred in Li3HoBr6 owing to the low energy cost and high tolerance of stable structure. The tetrahedral and octahedral pathways are responsible for Li migrations in short and long ranges, respectively. The results show that the LHB‐based Li‐Se battery has good stability and rate performance, indicating that LHB has potential application in the field of ASSBs.
Classification of large N superconformal gauge theories with a dense spectrum
Authors: Agarwal Prarit , Lee Ki-Hong , Song Jaewon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We classify the large N limits of four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories with simple gauge groups that flow to superconformal fixed points. We restrict ourselves to the ones without a superpotential and with a fixed flavor symmetry. We find 35 classes in total, with 8 having a dense spectrum of chiral gauge-invariant operators. The central charges a and c for the dense theories grow linearly in N in contrast to the N2 growth for the theories with a sparse spectrum. The difference between the central charges a − c can have both signs, and it does not vanish in the large N limit for the dense theories. We find that there can be multiple bands separated by a gap, or a discrete spectrum above the band. We also find a criterion on the matter content for the fixed point theory to possess either a dense or sparse spectrum. We discover a few curious aspects regarding supersymmetric RG flows and a-maximization along the way. For all the theories with the dense spectrum, the AdS version of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (including the convex hull condition for the cases with multiple U(1)’s) holds for large enough N even though they do not have weakly-coupled gravity duals.
Two-particle scattering from finite-volume quantization conditions using the plane wave basis
Authors: Meng Lu , Epelbaum E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose an alternative approach to Lüscher’s formula for extracting two-body scattering phase shifts from finite volume spectra with no reliance on the partial wave expansion. We use an effective-field-theory-based Hamiltonian method in the plane wave basis and decompose the corresponding matrix elements of operators into irreducible representations of the relevant point groups. The proposed approach allows one to benefit from the knowledge of the long-range interaction and avoids complications from partial wave mixing in a finite volume. We consider spin-singlet channels in the two-nucleon system and pion-pion scattering in the ρ-meson channel in the rest and moving frames to illustrate the method for non-relativistic and relativistic systems, respectively. For the two-nucleon system, the long-range interaction due to the one-pion exchange is found to make the single-channel Lüscher formula unreliable at the physical pion mass. For S-wave dominated states, the single-channel Lüscher method suffers from significant finite-volume artifacts for a L = 3 fm box, but it works well for boxes with L > 5 fm. However, for P-wave dominated states, significant partial wave mixing effects prevent the application of the single-channel Lüscher formula regardless of the box size (except for the near-threshold region). Using a toy model to generate synthetic data for finite-volume energies, we show that our effective-field-theory-based approach in the plane wave basis is capable of a reliable extraction of the phase shifts. For pion-pion scattering, we employ a phenomenological model to fit lattice QCD results at the physical pion mass. The extracted P-wave phase shifts are found to be in a good agreement with the experimental results.
Three-point functions of higher-spin spinor current multiplets in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 superconformal theory
Authors: Buchbinder Evgeny I. , Hutomo Jessica , Kuzenko Sergei M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the general form of three-point functions of conserved current multiplets Sα(k) = S(α1…αk) of arbitrary rank in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal theory. We find that the correlation function of three such operators $$ \left\langle {\overline{S}}_{\dot{\alpha}(k)}\left({z}_1\right){S}_{\beta \left(k+l\right)}\left({z}_2\right){\overline{S}}_{\dot{\gamma}(l)}\left({z}_3\right)\right\rangle $$

S
¯

α
̇

k

z
1

S

β

k
+
l

z
2

S
¯

γ
̇

l

z
3

is fixed by the superconformal symmetry up to a single complex coefficient though the precise form of the correlator depends on the values of k and l. In addition, we present the general structure of mixed correlators of the form $$ \left\langle {\overline{S}}_{\dot{\alpha}(k)}\left({z}_1\right){S}_{\alpha (k)}\left({z}_2\right)L\left({z}_3\right)\right\rangle $$

S
¯

α
̇

k

z
1

S

α

k

z
2

L

z
3

and $$ \left\langle {\overline{S}}_{\dot{\alpha}(k)}\left({z}_1\right){S}_{\alpha (k)}\left({z}_2\right){J}_{\gamma \dot{\gamma}}\left({z}_3\right)\right\rangle $$

S
¯

α
̇

k

z
1

S

α

k

z
2

J

γ

γ
̇

z
3

, where L is the flavour current multiplet and $$ {J}_{\gamma \dot{\gamma}} $$

J

γ

γ
̇

is the supercurrent.
Supersymmetric alignment models for (g − 2)μ
Authors: Nakai Yuichiro , Reece Matthew , Suzuki Motoo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hierarchical masses of quarks and leptons are addressed by imposing horizontal symmetries. In supersymmetric Standard Models, the same symmetries play a role in suppressing flavor violating processes induced by supersymmetric particles. Combining the idea of spontaneous CP violation to control contributions to electric dipole moments (EDMs), the mass scale of supersymmetric particles can be lowered. We present supersymmetric models with U(1) horizontal symmetries and discuss CP and flavor constraints. Models with two U(1) symmetries are found to give a viable solution to the muon g − 2 anomaly. Interestingly, the parameter space to explain the anomaly will be probed by future electron EDM experiments.
Quantum unitary dynamics of a charged fermionic field and Schwinger effect
Authors: Álvarez-Domínguez Álvaro , Garay Luis J. , García-Heredia David , Martín-Benito Mercedes 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In quantum field theory, particle creation occurs, in general, when an intense external field, such as an electromagnetic field, breaks time translational invariance. This leads to an ambiguity in the definition of the vacuum state. In cosmological backgrounds this ambiguity has been reduced by imposing that the quantization preserves the symmetries of the system and that the dynamics is unitarily implemented. In this work, we apply these requirements to the quantization of a massive charged fermionic field coupled to a classical time-dependent homogeneous electric field, extending previous studies done for a scalar field. We characterize the quantizations fulfilling the criteria above and we show that they form a unique equivalence class of unitarily related quantizations, which provide a well-defined number of created particles at all finite times.
OncomiRs miR-106a and miR-17 negatively regulate the nucleoside-derived drug transporter hCNT1
Authors: Boces-Pascual Clara , Mata-Ventosa Aida , Martín-Satué Mireia , Boix Loreto , Gironella Meritxell , Pastor-Anglada Marçal , Pérez-Torras Sandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh-affinity uptake of natural nucleosides as well as nucleoside derivatives used in anticancer therapies is mediated by human concentrative nucleoside transporters (hCNTs). hCNT1, the hCNT family member that specifically transports pyrimidines, is also a transceptor involved in tumor progression. In particular, oncogenesis appears to be associated with hCNT1 downregulation in some cancers, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we sought to address changes in colorectal and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma—both of which are important digestive cancers—in the context of treatment with fluoropyrimidine derivatives. An analysis of cancer samples and matching non-tumoral adjacent tissues revealed downregulation of hCNT1 protein in both types of tumor. Further exploration of the putative regulation of hCNT1 by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are highly deregulated in these cancers, revealed a direct relationship between the oncomiRs miR-106a and miR-17 and the loss of hCNT1. Collectively, our findings provide the first demonstration that hCNT1 inhibition by these oncomiRs could contribute to chemoresistance to fluoropyrimidine-based treatments in colorectal and pancreatic cancer.
Graphic abstract
Design of stiffened panels for stress and buckling via topology optimization
Authors: Chu Sheng , Featherston Carol , Kim H. Alicia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the weight minimization of stiffened panels simultaneously optimizing sizing, layout, and topology under stress and buckling constraints. An effective topology optimization parameterization is presented using multiple level-set functions. Plate elements are employed to model the stiffened panels. The stiffeners are parametrized by implicit level-set functions. The internal topologies of the stiffeners are optimized as well as their layout. A free-form mesh deformation approach is improved to adjust the finite element mesh. Sizing optimization is also included. The thicknesses of the skin and stiffeners are optimized. Bending, shear, and membrane stresses are evaluated at the bottom, middle, and top surfaces of the elements. A p-norm function is used to aggregate these stresses in a single constraint. To solve the optimization problem, a semi-analytical sensitivity analysis is performed, and the optimization algorithm is outlined. Numerical investigations demonstrate and validate the proposed method.
Edge finishing of large turbine casings using defined multi-edge and abrasive tools in automated cells
Authors: Rodríguez Adrian , González Mikel , Pereira Octavio , de Lacalle L. Norberto López , Esparta Mikel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutomate finishing processes is a global challenge in several industrial sectors. Concretely, when dealing with aero-engine components, only simple finishing processes are automated nowadays. Most of the high-added value components manufactured are finished hand working, using deburring and polishing manual techniques. The driver of the proposed work is to achieve the necessary knowledge to introduce in a production line a complete finishing process for automated robotic deburring applications with low machinability materials (Inconel 718 in this case-study) on aero-engine casings with complex geometries: extruded casting bosses, internal features, etc. For this purpose, a three-step methodology is presented and analysed, providing a feasible workflow combining visual inspection for part positioning and edge location, with multi-edge solid tools and flexible abrasive tools to automate finishing operations, taking into account all process singularities. Results show that, using correct techniques, processes and parameters, an automated finishing process reducing operating time can be implemented in production lines.
Inhibitory effects of hyperoside and quercitrin from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaf on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine formation by trapping phenylacetaldehyde
Authors: Wang Wei , Ren Xiaopu , Bao Yingjie , Zhu Yuxia , Zhang Yawei , Li Junke , Peng Zengqi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazole[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is one of the most abundant Heterocyclic amines (HAs) in meat products. Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaf (ZML) extract has been shown to be rich in polyphenols, which are gaining increasing interest as efficient tools for inhibiting the formation of HAs. In the present work, the effects of ZML extract, major polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and quercitrin on the formation of PhIP in both roast beef patties and chemical model systems were investigated. UPLC-MS showed that ZML extract and those three polyphenols effectively inhibited PhIP formation. Additionally, GC-MS analysis showed that those three polyphenols significantly reduced the content of phenylacetaldehyde in the model systems, a key intermediate involved in PhIP formation. The subsequent UPLC-MS and TOF-MS/MS analysis found that hyperoside and quercitrin reacted with phenyacetaldehyde to form those four adducts, 8-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)hyperoside, 6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)hyperoside, 8-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)quercitrin and 6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)quercitrin, respectively. The results revealed that hyperoside and quercitrin could trap phenylacetaldehyde to form adducts, thereby, retarding the reaction of phenylacetaldehyde and creatinine, blocking the generation of PhIP.
“Within a minute” detection of focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Urbach Horst , Heers Marcel , Altenmueller Dirk-Matthias , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Staack Anke Maren , Bast Thomas , Reisert Marco , Schwarzwald Ralf , Kaller Christoph P. , Huppertz Hans-Juergen , Demerath Theo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate a MRI postprocessing tool for the enhanced and rapid detection of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).

Methods
MP2RAGE sequences of 40 consecutive, so far MRI-negative patients and of 32 healthy controls were morphometrically analyzed to highlight typical FCD features. The resulting morphometric maps served as input for an artificial neural network generating a FCD probability map. The FCD probability map was inversely normalized, co-registered to the MPRAGE2 sequence, and re-transferred into the PACS system. Co-registered images were scrolled through “within a minute” to determine whether a FCD was present or not.

Results
Fifteen FCD, three subcortical band heterotopias (SBH), and one periventricular nodular heterotopia were identified. Of those, four FCD and one SBH were only detected by MRI postprocessing while one FCD and one focal polymicrogryia were missed, respectively. False-positive results occurred in 21 patients and 22 healthy controls. However, true positive cluster volumes were significantly larger than volumes of false-positive clusters (p < 0.001). The area under the curve of the receiver operating curve was 0.851 with a cut-off volume of 0.05 ml best indicating a FCD.

Conclusion
Automated MRI postprocessing and presentation of co-registered output maps in the PACS allowed for rapid (i.e., “within a minute”) identification of FCDs in our clinical setting. The presence of false-positive findings currently requires a careful comparison of postprocessing results with conventional MR images but may be reduced in the future using a neural network better adapted to MP2RAGE images.
Advanced translation and cultural adaption of the LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module from English to Danish
Authors: Madsen Christoffer Bing , Poulsen Lotte , Jørgensen Mads Gustaf , Lorenzen Mike Mikkelsen , Tsangaris Elena , Klassen Anne , Sørensen Jens Ahm 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
To better quantify the impact that breast cancer-related arm lymphedema (BCRL) has on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is needed. The LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module was recently developed for patients with BCRL. The aim of this study was to perform an advanced translation and culturally adapt the LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module for use in Denmark.

Methods
The LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module was translated into Danish according to the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The process included two forward and one back translation, an expert panel meeting, and cognitive debriefing interviews with patients. The focus of the translation was to develop a Danish version that used appropriate patient-friendly language while maintaining the meaning of the items, instructions and response options.

Results
The two forward translations resulted in minor differences in terminology. These discrepancies were discussed among the translators and a harmonized Danish version 1 was achieved. Comparison of the back translation to the original English version identified 14 items/instructions/response options that required re-translation. Subsequently, experts helped to identify and resolve the language for 10 items/instructions/response options that did not maintain the same meaning as the English version. Participants in the cognitive debriefing interviews did not report any difficulties with understanding the items/instructions/response options.

Conclusions
The translation and cultural adaption process led to the development of a conceptually equivalent Danish version of the LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module.
Level of Evidence: Not gradable