bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliminating the Tax Shield through Allowance for Corporate Equity: Cross‐Border Credit Supply Effects
Authors: BISWAS SONNY , HORVÁTH BÁLINT L. , ZHAI WEI 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper studies how the elimination of the corporate tax bias on bank leverage affects banks' credit provisioning using a quasi‐natural experiment, the introduction of an allowance for corporate equity (ACE) in Belgium. We find that affected banks increased their contribution within cross‐border syndicated loan facilities relative to other foreign banks, and that this effect was stronger for relatively safe borrowers. We estimate that Belgian bank‐led loans had on average 20–50 basis points lower spreads when ACE was in effect. Finally, our results suggest a relatively large, positive credit supply effect domestically.
Clinical Practice Guidelines That Address Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Xiao , Li Hanbing , Zhao Qian , Han Rongrong , Xiang Zhixuan , Gao Lingling 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionPhysical activity is recommended for healthy pregnant women. Clinical practice guidelines vary with regard to initial time, duration, or type of physical activity that is recommended, which is confusing for health care professionals and pregnant women alike. This study aimed to appraise clinical guidelines relevant to physical activity for pregnant women and summarize consensus and discrepant recommendations.MethodsThe websites of organizations that develop guidelines including those of obstetricians, gynecologists, midwives, and medical sports associations were searched in addition to 9 literature databases for the period from January 2010 through November 2020. Guidelines were included if they were published in a journal or on a website in English or Chinese; were labeled as a recommendation guideline, position paper, practice parameter, or consensus statement; and addressed physical activity for pregnant women. Two authors independently extracted recommendations. Four reviewers independently assessed guideline quality using the AGREE II instrument.ResultsThirteen guidelines met the inclusion criteria. The guidelines developed by the World Health Organization and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence were deemed to have the highest methodological quality. The recommendations were consistent with regard to recommended exercise duration, frequency, intensity, and type of physical activity. The main discrepant recommendations included best tools for conducting pre‐exercise screening and assessing intensity of exertion. Guidelines also differ on optimal heart rate during exercise, when in pregnancy to initiate an exercise regimen, and duration or frequency of strengthening exercises.DiscussionOf the 13 guidelines, 2 were found to have good methodological quality. The recommendations that were consistent across the differing guidelines can support health care providers in counseling women about physical activity during pregnancy. The recommendations that are discrepant among these guidelines may contribute to confusion and a reluctance to recommend exercise during pregnancy. Research is needed to clarify discrepant recommendations.
Predictors for psychological distress of young burn survivors across three years: A cohort study of a burn disaster in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Lu‐Yen Anny , Wu Chia‐Yi , Lee Ming‐Been , Lin Chi‐Hung , Kao Shu‐Chen , Tu Chung‐Chieh , Chen Ran‐Chou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe study aims to investigate long‐term psychological distress and its risk factors in the burn survivors.DesignA longitudinal study with follow‐up interviews was conducted from November 2015–June 2018. A post‐burn baseline interview was conducted 6 months after the event, followed by annual surveys for three years.MethodsThe burn survivors received structured assessment through telephone in the four‐wave interviews, including the five‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5); two‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2); four‐item Startle, Physiological Arousal, Anger, and Numbness Scale (SPAN‐4); and six‐item Impact of Event Scale (IES‐6) alongside demographic data and other health‐related assessment.FindingsA total of 180 respondents with the mean age of 23 years old completed the four waves of interview. Using the BSRS‐5 as the outcome, each variable had different input in psychological distress during the follow‐up years. The main finding was that the SPAN‐4 score could predict more than 62% of psychological distress between 6 months and 3 years after the disaster. The generalized estimating equation demonstrated that SPAN‐4, IES‐6, family functioning impairment, hypnotics use, adaptation to the event, and PHQ‐2 could predict psychological distress. However, the variable of follow‐up year did not exemplify significant estimation in the model.ConclusionsThe results indicated that different factors had various influences on psychological distress across the four follow‐up stages. PTSD‐like symptoms, depression, and anxiety were the most common psychological problems experienced by the young burn cohort in the longitudinal post‐traumatic period.Clinical relevanceHealthcare providers should be aware of psychological consequences of traumatic events within up to a 3‐year post‐burn period, particularly post‐traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms.
Correlation of human perception in swallowing with extension rheological and tribological characteristics in comparison with shear rheology
Authors: Funami Takahiro , Nakauma Makoto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorrelation was investigated between instrumental characteristics obtained by extension rheological or tribological measurements and human perception while swallowing using aqueous solutions of xanthan gum and locust bean gum. Extension viscosity and the friction coefficient were measured using a capillary breakup rheometer and a rotation tribometer, respectively, as in our previous study. Results were compared with shear viscosity to clarify novelty and advantage of these mechanical parameters. It was indicated that perceived cohesiveness correlated the highest with the maximum extension viscosity immediately after the onset of extensional flow, perceived spinnability correlated with extension viscosity in high Hencky strain region, and perceived sliminess correlated with the friction coefficient at the critical point between the boundary lubrication and the mixed lubrication. These correlations were discussed and tried to validate considering biomechanics of human swallowing and food–human interactions.
A point mutation and large deletion at the candidate avirulence locus AvrMlp7 in the poplar rust fungus correlate with poplar RMlp7 resistance breakdown
Authors: Louet Clémentine , Saubin Méline , Andrieux Axelle , Persoons Antoine , Gorse Mathilde , Pétrowski Jérémy , Fabre Bénédicte , De Mita Stéphane , Duplessis Sébastien , Frey Pascal , Halkett Fabien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe deployment of plant varieties carrying resistance genes (R) exerts strong selection pressure on pathogen populations. Rapidly evolving avirulence genes (Avr) allow pathogens to escape R‐mediated plant immunity through a variety of mechanisms, leading to virulence. The poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici‐populina is a damaging pathogen of poplars in Europe. It underwent a major adaptive event in 1994, with the breakdown of the poplar RMlp7 resistance gene. Population genomics studies identified a locus in the genome of M. larici‐populina that probably corresponds to the candidate avirulence gene AvrMlp7. Here, to further characterize this effector, we used a population genetics approach on a comprehensive set of 281 individuals recovered throughout a 28‐year period encompassing the resistance breakdown event. Using two dedicated molecular tools, genotyping at the candidate locus highlighted two different alterations of a predominant allele found mainly before the resistance breakdown: a nonsynonymous mutation and a complete deletion of this locus. This results in six diploid genotypes: three genotypes related to the avirulent phenotype and three related to the virulent phenotype. The temporal survey of the candidate locus revealed that both alterations were found in association during the resistance breakdown event. They pre‐existed before the breakdown in a heterozygous state with the predominant allele cited above. Altogether, these results suggest that the association of both alterations at the candidate locus AvrMlp7 drove the poplar rust adaptation to RMlp7‐mediated immunity. This study demonstrates for the first time a case of adaptation from standing genetic variation in rust fungi during a qualitative resistance breakdown.
Why was Keynes not awarded the Nobel Peace Prize after writing The Economic Consequences of the Peace?*
Authors: Jonung Lars 
Published: November 2021

AbstractJohn Maynard Keynes became famous with The Economic Consequences of the Peace published in 1919, a harsh critique of the Versailles peace treaty. As a consequence, Keynes was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922, 1923, and 1924, and evaluated in advisory reports for the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian parliament. This paper summarizes these appreciative reports. The appraiser even informed Keynes that he was “one of the foremost candidates proposed for the Nobel Peace Prize”. Still, the Prize was not awarded to him. This paper ends with a speculative answer to why the Prize was not given to Keynes.
The Valence Side of the EU: EU Issue Voting in the Aftermath of the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Carrieri Luca , Angelucci Davide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Euro crisis, EU issues have increasingly affected electoral behaviour, explaining a sizable shift in votes from the Europhile to Eurosceptic parties. This paper advances the argument that EU issue voting is not entirely encompassed in a divisive (pro‐/anti‐) EU dimension, testing the hypothesis that a EU valence voting is currently conditioning electoral behaviour. In particular, we posit that voters support parties evaluating their credibility in achieving not only EU positional goals (‘leave/remain’ in the EU), but also EU valence ones (i.e., making the country count more in Europe). Furthermore, we assess which parties – pro‐/anti‐EU – are more likely to be supported on the basis of this valence issue. Based on survey data from France (2017) and Italy (2018), we found that the EU valence issue is an important voting predictor, with pro‐EU parties mainly benefitting from it.
Sustainability, Study Abroad, and Curricular Revisions in the Face of Global Crises
Authors: Kautz Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs language pedagogy evolves and the pressure to articulate the value of the humanities in undergraduate education mounts, new curricular models are needed more than ever. The course “Sustainability in Germany: Recreation, Education, Innovation” is a response to that need. Originally designed to include a short‐term study abroad component, the course was transformed during the COVID‐19 pandemic into a completely virtual learning experience. This article outlines pedagogical approaches and curricular materials for teaching students about sustainability in Germany in a virtual format. Designed to encourage intermediate‐ and advanced‐level learners of German to apply their linguistic skills and cultural knowledge, this course puts sustainability education, intercultural competence, experiential learning, and language practice at its core.
Scientific Models and Political Theory: The Ideal Theory Debate Revisited
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolitical philosophy has traditionally been defined as a normative discipline with a distinctively ideal component, largely informed by moral philosophy. In this paper, I investigate a prominent critique of ideal theory specifically with the goal of resituating the debate within a larger framework in the philosophy of science. I then mount a novel case for how ideal theory should be viewed in terms of scientific modelling. I close with a discussion of how this view can dissolve apparent paradoxes and provide distinct advantages to the political theorist.
The perennial fruit tree proteogenomics atlas: a spatial map of the sweet cherry proteome and transcriptome
Authors: Xanthopoulou Aliki , Moysiadis Theodoros , Bazakos Christos , Karagiannis Evangelos , Karamichali Ioanna , Stamatakis George , Samiotaki Martina , Manioudaki Maria , Michailidis Michail , Madesis Panagiotis , Ganopoulos Ioannis , Molassiotis Athanassios , Tanou Georgia 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYGenome‐wide transcriptome analysis provides systems‐level insights into plant biology. Due to the limited depth of quantitative proteomics our understanding of gene–protein–complex stoichiometry is largely unknown in plants. Recently, the complexity of the proteome and its cell‐/tissue‐specific distribution have boosted the research community to the integration of transcriptomics and proteomics landscapes in a proteogenomic approach. Herein, we generated a quantitative proteome and transcriptome abundance atlas of 15 major sweet cherry (Prunus avium L., cv 'Tragana Edessis') tissues represented by 29 247 genes and 7584 proteins. Additionally, 199 984 alternative splicing events, particularly exon skipping and alternative 3′ splicing, were identified in 23 383 transcribed regions of the analyzed tissues. Common signatures as well as differences between mRNA and protein quantities, including genes encoding transcription factors and allergens, within and across the different tissues are reported. Using our integrated dataset, we identified key putative regulators of fruit development, notably genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and flavonoids. We also provide proteogenomic‐based evidence for the involvement of ethylene signaling and pectin degradation in cherry fruit ripening. Moreover, clusters of genes and proteins with similar and different expression and suppression trends across diverse tissues and developmental stages revealed a relatively low RNA abundance‐to‐protein correlation. The present proteogenomic analysis allows us to identify 17 novel sweet cherry proteins without prior protein‐level annotation evidenced in the currently available databases. To facilitate use by the community, we also developed the Sweet Cherry Atlas Database (https://grcherrydb.com/) for viewing and data mining these resources. This work provides new insights into the proteogenomics workflow in plants and a rich knowledge resource for future investigation of gene and protein functions in Prunus species.
Histopathology-guided management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with corneal stromal or scleral invasion using ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy
Authors: Rao Raksha , Honavar Santosh G , Lahane Sumeet , Mulay Kaustubh , Reddy Vijayanand Palkonda 
Published: November 2021

Background/aimTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) plaque brachytherapy in managing invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).MethodsThis is a retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series of 42 eyes with OSSN with histopathologically-proven corneal stromal and/or scleral invasion that underwent Ru-106 plaque brachytherapy. Main outcome measures were tumour regression, eye salvage, final visual acuity, treatment complications and metastasis.ResultsAt presentation, the mean tumour basal diameter was 9.3 mm (range 5–26 mm) and thickness 3.1 mm (range 1.5–11 mm). Prior treatment included excision biopsy in two patients (5%), incision biopsy and topical interferon in one each (2%). Following excision with 4 mm clinically clear margins, corneal stromal and/or scleral invasion of OSSN was confirmed in all 42 cases, with the excised base showing invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A total dose of 5000 cGy over a mean duration of 19.7 hours (range 7–41 hours) was provided to an axial depth of 2 mm using Ru-106 surface plaque. Over a mean follow-up of 36.9 months (range 22.3–72 months), complete tumour regression was achieved in all eyes (100%). Two eyes (5%) showed conjunctival tumour growth remote from the site of prior treatment. Visual acuity was maintained at ≥20/200 in 35 eyes (83%), with a loss of >2 Snellen lines in 1 eye (2%). There was no evidence of regional lymph node or systemic metastasis.ConclusionHistopathology-guided use of Ru-106 surface plaque brachytherapy is a safe and an effective adjuvant therapy in the management of corneal stromal and/or scleral invasion of OSSN.
Inequity of healthcare access and use and catastrophic health spending in slum communities: a retrospective, cross-sectional survey in four countries
Authors:   The Improving Health in Slums Collaborative
Published: November 2021

IntroductionTracking the progress of universal health coverage (UHC) is typically at a country level. However, country-averages may mask significant small-scale variation in indicators of access and use, which would have important implications for policy choice to achieve UHC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional household and individual-level survey in seven slum sites across Nigeria, Kenya, Bangladesh and Pakistan. We estimated the adjusted association between household capacity to pay and report healthcare need, use and spending. Catastrophic health expenditure was estimated by five different methods.ResultsWe surveyed 7002 households and 6856 adults. Gini coefficients were wide, ranging from 0.32 to 0.48 across the seven sites. The total spend of the top 10% of households was 4–47 times more per month than the bottom 10%. Households with the highest budgets were: more likely to report needing care (highest vs lowest third of distribution of budgets: +1 to +31 percentage points (pp) across sites), to spend more on healthcare (2.0 to 6.4 times higher), have more inpatient and outpatient visits per year in five sites (1.0 to 3.0 times more frequently), spend more on drugs per visit (1.1 to 2.2 times higher) and were more likely to consult with a doctor (1.0 to 2.4 times higher odds). Better-off households were generally more likely to experience catastrophic health expenditure when calculated according to four methods (−1 to +12 pp), but much less likely using a normative method (−60 to −80 pp).ConclusionsSlums have a very high degree of inequality of household budget that translates into inequities in the access to and use of healthcare. Evaluation of UHC and healthcare access interventions targeting these areas should consider distributional effects, although the standard measures may be unreliable.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Grit scale in Marine recruits using Rasch analysis
Authors: Dijksma Iris , Stuiver M , Lucas C , Lindeboom R 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionSuccessful completion of initial military training has been suggested to be predicted by physical abilities, cognitive abilities and non-cognitive abilities such as hardiness and grit. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a Dutch version of a grit measurement scale: the NL-Grit scale.MethodsWe assessed the factor structure, unidimensionality of the subscales, discriminative quality of the rating scale and investigated to what extend the items together can reliably measure the entire range of grit levels in Dutch Marine recruits. We used data of Marine recruit training platoons of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps.ResultsPrincipal component analysis reflected two subscales: ‘consistency of interests’ and ‘perseverance of effort’. Rasch analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of the intended subscales. Rasch rating scale analysis indicated that the five-point response scale was not used as intended by respondents. Disordered rating scale categories were collapsed to obtain ordered rating categories. The item and person parameters (grit levels) largely overlapped, indicating that the item spread was sufficient for measuring the entire range of grit trait levels. However, larger gaps between item location parameters suggested a low discriminative capacity of the NL-Grit scale for respondents with trait levels within the gaps.ConclusionOur evaluation of the NL-Grit scale suggests sound psychometric quality of the NL-Grit in Dutch Marine recruits. Reliability could be improved by adding items to fill the observed gaps in item content.
Child restraint use in motor vehicles in Shanghai, China: a multiround cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Chen Ting , Bachani Abdul M , Li Qingfeng 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesWhile appropriate child restraint use in motor vehicles can reduce the risk of injuries or deaths, few previous studies have assessed child restraint practice in China. We aim to describe the prevalence of child restraint use and investigate risk factors affecting child restraint practice in Shanghai, China.Design and settingA cross-sectional observational study was conducted near children’s hospitals, kindergartens, entertainment places and shopping malls in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsEight rounds of data were collected between October 2015 and April 2019 with a total sample size of 12 061 children.Primary outcome measuresAt each site, trained field workers observed and recorded child restraint use in all passing motor vehicles with at least one child passenger.ResultsThe overall child safety restraint use rate was 6.42%. Child restraint use rate rose over time, from 5.12% in round 1% to 8.55% in round 8 (p<0.001). Results from the adjusted logistic regression model showed that children occupants with the following risk factors had a higher likelihood of child restraint use: children younger than 5 years compared with those aged 5–12 years (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.78 to 2.53; p<0.001), sitting in rear seat compared with those in front seat (OR 31.80; 95% CI 4.45 to 227.14; p=0.001), children occupants observed near entertainment places (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.67 to 3.28; p<0.001) or near shopping malls (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.55; p<0.001) compared with those near children’s hospitals and transportation in the morning compared with afternoon (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.62; p=0.021).ConclusionsThe overall child safety restraint use rate was low in Shanghai. Our findings may shed light on monitoring child restraint practice and have implications for intervention programmes for children occupants with the identified risk factors, which may help to promote child restraint use in motor vehicles and prevent road traffic injuries or deaths.