bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gemeentebestuur en Bestuurswetenschappen: 100 jaar (academisch) tijdschrift voor lokaal bestuur
Authors: Reussing Rik 
Published: February 2021

Gemeentebestuur (Municipal Administration) and Bestuurswetenschappen (Administrative Sciences): 100 years of (academic) journal for local government
For administrative sciences in the Netherlands in general and for local administrative sciences in particular 2021 is a special year. It is the year in which our Dutch journal Administrative Sciences (the first issue was published in November 1946) celebrates its 75th anniversary, even though 1947 was the first full volume. But it is also the year in which it is 100 years ago since its predecessor, Municipal Administration, was founded; the first issue was published in January 1921. This means that we can speak of 100 years of having an (academic) journal for local government in the Netherlands. In 2016 we paid extensive attention in an editorial to the start of our Administrative Sciences journal and the men (and a woman) who have worked in it from the very beginning. In this editorial, we therefore draw attention to the men from the very beginning (this time there was no women involvement) of the Municipal Administration journal. It is the first academic journal in the field of local government in the Netherlands, first published every two weeks from January 1921 and on a monthly basis after 1922. The editorial board of the new journal was entrusted to a committee, of which, in addition to the board of the VNG (that is the Dutch association for municipalities) and its secretary, six people were members: Herman Nieboer (after his sudden death on 16 November 1920, he was replaced by Willem Drees in January 1921), Gerrit van Poelje, Willem van Sonsbeeck, Ate Roelof Veenstra, Bastiaan Verheij and Jacob de Wilde. Henri Vos, Pieter Bakker Schut and Jakob Herman van Zanten joined them in 1922.
Populisme als reactie op een falende (lokale) democratie?
Authors: Nelissen Nico 
Published: February 2021

Populism in response to a failing (local) democracy? Pierre Rosanvallon’s Le siècle du populisme
It had been on the wish list of the author of this essay (Nico Nelissen) for some time to devote an essay to the phenomenon of ‘populism’. The publication of Pierre Rosanvallon’s new book Le siècle du populisme (‘The Age of Populism’) was a good reason to act on this intention. The book is structured as follows. An introduction presents the broad outlines of what is discussed in the book. Then populism is discussed in three parts. The first part is mainly analytical in nature, in which the phenomenon of populism is analyzed from the perspective of unity and diversity. The second part of the book discusses the history of populism, not only now and in France, but also in the past and in other countries. In the third part of the book, a critical reflection on populism is given based on setting it against the background of the failures of modern democracy. Finally, there is an annex in which the history of the concept of populism is explained. Reflections on populism usually take place in the field of nation states and national democracies. But perhaps much more relevant is populism at the level of local democracy. It is often the ‘local annoyances’ that give rise to criticism of local government and local politics. It is to the credit of Rosanvallon who, on the whole, has nothing to do with populism, yet has the courage to deal with this protest against mainstream democracy with a little less bias.
Kenmerken van kunstcriminaliteit
Authors: Charney Noah 
Published: February 2021

Understanding art theft today
This article seeks to provide an introduction to art theft today. It is divided into sections that look at the context in which art is stolen, definitions of key terms, an explanation as to why the field is understudied and under-reported, and a brief history of the phenomenon. It also contains sidelines on actual developments like the theft of a Van Gogh painting from the Singer Laren Museum in the Netherlands as well as on the drop of art theft since the start of the Corona pandemic.
‘Dirty money, pretty art’
Authors: Rausch Christoph , Bouwknegt Léonie , Duijsens Jeroen , Assendelft Frank 
Published: February 2021

‘Dirty money, pretty art’. Money laundering and subversive crime in the age of art financialization
What is the current nature and extent of money laundering on the art market in times of an increasing financialization of art? This article introduces the problem of money laundering through art and reflects on the associated risks of financial crime. Drawing on two recently published research reports the article describes art market and art financialization practices that may facilitate money laundering. It presents an overview of relevant rules and regulations and points to the challenges of preventing art-based financial crimes.
De terugkeer van de beeldenstorm
Authors: Kila Joris 
Published: February 2021

The return of iconoclasm
This article aims to clarify the phenomenon of iconoclasm and how it impacts today’s society, in spite of the lack of research on this topic. After establishing its complex and sensitive nature, a first assessment containing types of iconoclasm and various motives of iconoclasts is presented. Different forms of iconoclasm are distinguished, explained and illustrated using examples. Special attention is given to the subject’s sensitivity in modern society while establishing the connection of the topic with identity in multiple shapes and forms. The article aims at contributing to a future multi-disciplinary debate.
Atmospheric Occurrence of Particle-associated Nitrotriphenylenes via Gas-phase Radical-initiated Reactions Observed in South Osaka, Japan
Authors: Kameda Takayuki , Bandow Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nitrotriphenylenes (NTPs), which include the highly mutagenic isomer 2-nitrotriphenylene (2-NTP), have been detected in airborne particles. From a public hygienic point of view, it is necessary to study the environmental occurrence of NTPs in detail. In this study, concentrations of five nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) including NTPs in airborne particles and of nitrogen oxides (NOx; NO+NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), at a location in South Osaka, Japan, were measured at 3 h intervals. It was found that the diurnal variations in the concentrations of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), NOx, and CO were similar, being high early in the morning and late in the evening. This finding indicates that the occurrence of 1-NP is affected significantly by primary emissions, particularly by automotive emissions. The concentration change in 1-nitrotriphenylene was similar to that of 2-nitropyrene produced by an atmospheric OH radicalinitiated reaction. On the contrary, the variations in the concentrations of 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NF) and 2-NTP were significantly different from those of the other nitro-PAHs, i.e., their concentrations increased during the nighttime, suggesting that neither 2-NF nor 2-NTP was emitted from the primary sources, but were formed via the NO3 radicalinitiated nitration of the parent fluoranthene and triphenylene (TP) in the atmosphere. Based on the ambient concentration of 2-NTP and the reported rate constant for the reaction of TP with NO3 radicals, the yield of 2-NTP from the gas-phase NO3 radical-initiated reaction of TP was estimated to be 23%.
Professores iniciantes em cursos de licenciatura: história de vida, formação e desenvolvimento profissional
Authors: Soares Sebastião Silva , Guimarães Selva 
Published: February 2021

O trabalho teve por objetivo compreender a constituição das trajetórias formativas de professores formadores iniciantes em instituições federais de Educação superior na região Norte do Brasil. A abordagem metodológica foi vinculada ao campo da história oral de vida. Os colaboradores foram seis formadores, em fase inicial da carreira docente na universidade, atuantes em cursos de licenciatura em História, Pedagogia e Educação do Campo, de duas instituições de Educação superior. Empregou-se a entrevista narrativa, abordando a história de vida, a formação e o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. Para a análise das narrativas, utilizou-se uma leitura Interpretativa-Compreensiva. As experiências narradas revelaram que a fase inicial na docência universitária foi compreendida pelos professores como um tempo de validação dos aprendizados apreendidos no decorrer da trajetória formativa de vida e profissional. Compreendeu-se no estudo que a constituição das trajetórias formativas dos formadores iniciantes atuantes nos cursos de licenciatura estava diretamente relacionada às histórias de vida, à formação e à profissão.
In/dependencia de hombres y mujeres en cuatro producciones de Disney y su impacto social
Authors: López-García-Torres Rocío , Saneleuterio Elia 
Published: February 2021

Considerando el impacto socioeducativo de ciertos contenidos culturales, concretamente de los personajes de ficción, así como de la música dentro del discurso narrativo audiovisual, se analizan, desde la perspectiva de género, cuatro películas de animación infantil de gran repercusión social, mediante una metodología analítico-interpretativa, de carácter sociocrítico. Los resultados muestran una imagen del hombre como independiente, pero generalmente negligente. Respecto de la mujer, se la representa con rasgos tanto de dependencia como de independencia, al tiempo que se mantienen, desde la visión masculina, estereotipos femeninos reduccionistas, especialmente de sentimentalismo o fragilidad. El estudio concluye que deben cuidarse estos aspectos si se quiere promover la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en la construcción social de las comunidades futuras. Considering the impact, both in society and in people development, of certain cultural contents seen from gender perspectives and specifically fiction characters and musical narratives, four children’s animation films with great social repercussion are analyzed through an analytical-interpretative methodology, with a sociocritical nature. The results show an image of man as independent, but generally negligent, and of women with traits of both dependence and independence, and at the same time, from the male point of view, reductionist feminine stereotypes, especially of sentimentality or fragility. The study concludes that these aspects should be taken care of if promoting equality between men and women in the social construction of future communities.
La intervención prodemocracia
Authors: Juan Conesa Jose Luis 
Published: February 2021

Juan Guaidó, con el apoyo de Estados Unidos, se autoproclamó como presidente de Venezuela. Guaidó no ha descartado invitar a Estados Unidos para que expulse a Maduro del poder y traiga la democracia a Venezuela. Como se defiende en el artículo, la intervención prodemocracia no tiene espacio en el Derecho Internacional. Para llegar a esta conclusión se analiza la práctica de los Estados posterior a la Carta de Naciones Unidas, sobre todo la manifestada tras el final de la guerra fría. Esta práctica refleja que se han dado múltiples intervenciones apelando a la democracia, pero siempre como causa complementaria a otras figuras de mayor peso como la autorización del Consejo de Seguridad o la intervención por invitación. Se analizará, además, si estas opciones serían aplicables al caso venezolano y los problemas que añadiría a la práctica el reconocimiento de un derecho de intervención unilateral (defendido por algunas voces minoritarias).
Juan Guaidó, along with the support of the United States of America, proclaimed himself as the new president of Venezuela. To this day, Guaidó has not discarded the possibility of keeping his coalition with the USA in order to expel Maduro and bring democracy back to the country. As discussed in this article, the intervention in the name of the democracy does not have room within the International Law. In order to achieve this conclusion, the Estates’ behaviour after the United Nations Charter has been analysed, with a special focus on the events after the end of the cold war. This approach reveals that multiple acts in name of the democracy have always had a more powerful underlying reason, as for example the authorisation of the Security Council or the search for the proposed intervention. In addition, it will be analysed if these practices are applicable to the case under examination and also the following problems that justifying a unilateral intervention can cause (defended by some minority voices).
L’exception de sécurité du GATT sous le prisme des surtaxes américaines sur l’acier et l’aluminium : une analyse à l’aune du rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire Russie – Trafic en transit
Authors: Foucault Maël , Ouellet André-Philippe , Warnier Stella 
Published: February 2021

L’invocation par les États membres de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) de l’exception de sécurité prévue par l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) de 1994 constitue l’un des enjeux les plus pressants au sein de l’Organe de règlement des différends (ORD). La conclusion du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire Russie – Trafic en transit constitue une première interprétation de cette mesure d’exception prévue à l’article XXI du GATT, dont la portée met en relief le délicat équilibre entre la libéralisation du commerce international et celui de la protection des intérêts essentiels de sécurité. Compte tenu notamment de l’invocation répétée de cette exception dans des contentieux en lien avec l’acier et l’aluminium, opposant les États-Unis à sept autres membres, ce premier jalon interprétatif doit être étudié dans sa dimension politique. Il s’agit en effet d’un moyen pour le Groupe spécial de favoriser la stabilité et l’effectivité du système, et ce en refusant aux membres invoquant l’article XXI une pleine autonomie de jugement. L’importance du rapport du Groupe spécial réside dans sa construction visant à limiter un recours abusif à l’exception de sécurité de la part des membres dans un contexte d’instabilité internationale. Afin de bien apprécier la portée de ce rapport, le présent article propose trois analyses. Dans un premier temps, un retour sur les arguments des parties et des tierces parties dans l’affaire Russie – Trafic en transit permettra de contextualiser les conclusions du Groupe spécial pour traiter, dans un second temps, de la politique interprétative propre à l’ORD. Finalement, les notions d’activisme judiciaire et de la charge persuasive du rapport sont examinées à l’aune des différends en cours dans lesquels l’exception de sécurité a été invoquée. Cet exposé doit permettre d’appréhender la question des exceptions de sécurité dans le contexte plus global des défis auquel est confrontée aujourd’hui l’OMC, notamment en lien avec la paralysie de l’Organe d’appel à compter du 11 décembre 2019.
Spatial temporal distribution of COVID-19 risk during the early phase of the pandemic in Malawi
Authors: Ngwira Alfred , Kumwenda Felix , Munthali Eddons C.S. , Nkolokosa Duncan 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 has been one of the greatest challenges the world has faced since the second world war. This study aimed at investigating the distribution of COVID-19 in both space and time in Malawi.MethodsThe study used publicly available data of COVID-19 cases for the period from 2 April 2020 to 28 October 2020. Semiparametric spatial temporal models were fitted to the number of monthly confirmed cases as an outcome data, with time and district as independent variables, where district was the spatial unit, while accounting for sociodemographic factors.ResultsThe study found significant effects of location and time, with the two interacting. The spatial distribution of COVID-19 risk showed major cities being at greater risk than rural areas. Over time, the COVID-19 risk was increasing then decreasing in most districts with the rural districts being consistently at lower risk. High proportion of elderly people was positively associated with COVID-19 risk (β = 1.272, 95% CI [0.171, 2.370]) than low proportion of elderly people. There was negative association between poverty incidence and COVID-19 risk (β = −0.100, 95% CI [−0.136, −0.065]).ConclusionFuture or present strategies to limit the spread of COVID-19 should target major cities and the focus should be on time periods that had shown high risk. Furthermore, the focus should be on elderly and rich people.
Results of treatment in 182 consecutive patients with genital fistulas
Authors: Ayhan A. , Tuncer Z.S. , Doǧan L. , Pekin S. , Kişnişçi H.A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate genital fistulas with the aim of improving strategies to prevent them. Method: An institutional, retrospective, clinical analysis. One hundred eighty‐two patients with genital fistulas managed consecutively between 1970 and 1993 were analyzed. Results: About 60% of all fistulas were attributable to obstetric traumas whereas gynecologic surgery constituted only 24.7% of cases. The contribution of gynecologic surgery increased from 11.1% in 1970–1975 to 60.6% in 1988–1993. Approximately half of the patients had vesico‐vaginal fistulas. Of the 45 patients with fistulas occurring following gynecologic surgery, 19 had undergone simple hysterectomy and eight had undergone radical hysterectomy. All cesarean sections had been performed after failed labor. Hysterectomy was performed due to myoma in nine patients, endometrial hyperplasia in two patients and pelvic relaxation in eight patients. As regards management of fistulas, the transvaginal approach was chosen in the vast majority of patients. The overall success rate after the primary repair of fistulas was 91.5% (162/177). Fifteen patients with failure of the primary repair were subjected to repeat repairs. The second repair was successful in 11 patients but the remaining four needed further repairs. The maximum was seven repairs to a recto‐vaginal fistula before a satisfactory result could be achieved, which had initially occurred after a cesarean section. Conclusion: Although the results of reparative surgery are promising, it would be more useful to encourage national measures to prevent in particular obstetric trauma.
Recent aspects of gestational trophoblastic disease in Japan
Authors: Hando Tamotsu , Ohno Masaguki , Kurose Takaaki 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe regional registration in 11 prefectures and one area covering 34% of total Japanese population started in 1974, increasing gradually to 21 prefectures and one area in 1993 covering 48.5% of total Japanese populations, by the Japan Trophoblastic Disease Committee under the auspices of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The results showed marked decreasing trend in incidence of molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma in Japan. The most frequent antecedent pregnancies of choriocarcinoma has shifted from molar pregnancy in 1974 to term pregnancy in 1993.The Choriocarcinoma Risk Score Table that is in use and of practical significance, differentiating choriocarcinoma from invasive or metastatic mole by reference to simple 8 clinical items with the probability of more than 90% when compared with the histological diagnoses, is also presented.
Episiotomy in Nigeria
Authors: Otoide V.O , Ogbonmwan S.M , Okonofua F.E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To review the incidence and complications associated with episiotomy and perineal tears at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Method: A retrospective review of all vaginal births conducted in the hospital between January 1997 and December 1998 was undertaken. Vaginal births (1345) were reviewed. Result: The prevalence of episiotomy in the hospital during the period was 46.6%. Over 90% of primigravid parturients had episiotomy. The incidence of episiotomy decreased with increasing parity, while the incidence of spontaneous vaginal tears increased with parity. As compared with perineal tears, episiotomy was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of wound breakdowns requiring secondary resuturing. When controlled for parity, breech births, forceps and vacuum delivery were more likely to lead to episiotomy, compared to spontaneous vertex delivery occurring at term. Conclusion: A policy of systematic reduction in the incidence of episiotomy can be pursued in this hospital. Greater attention needs to be paid to selection of women to undergo episiotomy, the prevention of spontaneous perineal tears and the care of episiotomy wounds in this institution.
Cryosections of pre‐irradiated adult rat spinal cord tissue support axonal regeneration in vitro
Authors: Wilson N. , Esfandiary E. , Bedi K.S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNeonatal X‐irradiation of central nervous system (CNS) tissue markedly reduces the glial population in the irradiated area. Previous in vivo studies have demonstrated regenerative success of adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons into the neonatally‐irradiated spinal cord. The present study was undertaken to determine whether these results could be replicated in an in vitro environment. The lumbosacral spinal cord of anaesthetised Wistar rat pups, aged between 1 and 5 days, was subjected to a single dose (40 Gray) of X‐irradiation. A sham‐irradiated group acted as controls. Rats were allowed to reach adulthood before being killed. Their lumbosacral spinal cords were dissected out and processed for sectioning in a cryostat. Cryosections (10 μm‐thick) of the spinal cord tissue were picked up on sterile glass coverslips and used as substrates for culturing dissociated adult DRG neurons. After an appropriate incubation period, cultures were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and immunolabelled to visualise both the spinal cord substrate using anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the growing DRG neurons using anti‐growth associated protein (GAP‐43). Successful growth of DRG neurites was observed on irradiated, but not on non‐irradiated, sections of spinal cord. Thus, neonatal X‐irradiation of spinal cord tissue appears to alter its environment such that it can later support, rather than inhibit, axonal regeneration. It is suggested that this alteration may be due, at least in part, to depletion in the number of and/or a change in the characteristics of the glial cells.
Does in‐patient ECG monitoring have an impact on medical care in chronic heart failure patients?
Authors: Opasich Cristina , Capomolla Soccorso , Riccardi P. Giorgio , Febo Oreste , Forni Giovanni , Cobelli Franco , Tavazzi Luigi 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Heart failure patients' management in non‐intensive care units might be improved by telemetry monitoring. However, telemetry adds the cost and evidence of this effectiveness is not available.Aim:To evaluate the utility of the ECG monitoring in chronic heart failure patients admitted to a non‐intensive care unit.Methods:A prospective analysis of the utility of telemetry in 711 patients admitted to a Heart Failure Unit from March 1996 to September 1997.Results:One hundred and ninety‐nine patients underwent telemetry; 108 telemetry findings were recorded, in 35% of NYHA class II, in 46% in NYHA class III–IV and 43% in unstable patients. Reasons for telemetry were: known arrhythmia (n = 82), electrolytes disturbances (n = 20), atrial fibrillation (n = 12), symptoms (n = 48), i.v. dobutamine (n = 13), drugs control (n = 16), devices control (n = 8). Crossing reasons for telemetry and detected events we had, respectively, 63, 11, 2, 17, 5, 6, and 0 telemetry findings. Treatment was guided by telemetry results in only 33 cases (respectively in 18, 0, 4, 5, 5, 1, and 0 cases). Physicians perceived telemetry as unhelpful in 30% of cases; as helpful in 70%. The percentage of inutility, usefulness with and without related medical intervention were similar between stable and unstable patients (30, 18, 51% and 31, 15, 54%, respectively).Conclusion:In a heart failure unit ECG monitoring is mostly used in severe and unstable patients. However, medical decisions are rarely guided by the telemetry findings. The usefulness of telemetry might be underestimated because one of the uncounted results might be the avoidance of inappropriate intervention.