bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical management of extralobar pulmonary sequestration in children
Authors: Huang Dongmei , ･ Habuding Aerxin , Yuan Miao , Yang Gang , Cheng Kaisheng , Luo Dengke , Xu Chang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe treatment of extralobar pulmonary sequestration (ELS) remains divergent. This study aims to demonstrate the characters of ELS in children for optimal clinical management in the future.Material and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted for ELS patients' treatment in our center from January 2013 to April 2020.ResultsIn total, 85 patients were included, containing 70 upper‐diaphragmatic, 7 intra‐diaphragmatic, and 8 infra‐diaphragmatic ELS. Eight patients' pathology results showing inflammation without symptoms preoperation and two patients had chest pain for torsion. All the upper‐diaphragmatic and intra‐diaphragmatic ELS patients accepted thoracoscopic surgery resection. The intraoperative operation time and blood loss volume of intra‐diaphragmatic ELS were significantly more than that of the upper‐diaphragmatic (40.14 ± 9.92  vs. 23.07 ± 6.79 min; 9.29 ± 3.45  vs. 3.18 ± 4.94 ml; all p < .05). No chest tubes were inserted in both subgroups. No complications were found in the postoperative follow‐up of operative ELS patients at least 3 months. A total of eight infra‐diaphragmatic ELS patients except for one (7/8) had conservative therapy and follow‐up by the outpatient clinic or phone call eventually. There were no symptoms occurring and no size increasing of observation infra‐diaphragmatic ELS.ConclusionsThe ELS has the potential risk of infection and torsion in this study. Thoracoscopic surgery might be optimal management of upper‐diaphragmatic ELS for its minimal invasion and low perioperative risks, which could be developed into a day operation with safe and quick recovery. The intra‐diaphragmatic and infra‐diaphragmatic ELS need a larger sample size and multiple center data to get a better management approach.
Positive bronchoalveolar lavage pepsin assay associated with viral and fungal respiratory infections in children with chronic cough
Authors: Martin Corey N. , Barnawi Zhour , Chorvinsky Elizabeth , Pillai Dhruv , Gatti Meagan , Collins Maura E. , Krakovsky Gina M. , Bauman Nancy M. , Sehgal Sona , Pillai Dinesh K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between commonly obtained endoscopic and serologic data and bronchoalveolar lavage pepsin assay (BAL) results in children with chronic cough.Study DesignWe performed a retrospective chart review of 72 children with a BAL pepsin obtained through our Aerodigestive Center over an 18‐month period. BAL outcomes include evidence of viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, presence of lipid‐laden macrophages, and cytology (eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes). Gastrointestinal outcomes include esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and pH impedance probe findings. Other characteristics include serum eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes; spirometry; FeNO; and IgE.ResultsSeventy‐two patients underwent BAL pepsin testing. Median age was 4.9 years, 30.6% had severe persistent asthma, and 59.2% were on reflux medication. There was an association between positive BAL pepsin assay and positive viral panel (p = .002) or fungal culture (p = .027). No significant association found between positive BAL bacterial culture; BAL cytology; the presence of BAL lipid‐laden macrophages; IgE; spirometry; FeNO; CBC neutrophil, eosinophil, or lymphocytes; pH impedance testing parameters; or EGD pathology.ConclusionsBAL pepsin is associated with a positive BAL viral PCR or fungal culture. Lack of correlation between pepsin‐positivity and pH‐impedance parameters or EGD pathology suggests microaspiration may be due to an acute event (such as a respiratory infection) rather than chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease. This may be especially true in the presence of a positive viral panel or fungal culture when a BAL pepsin is obtained.
Comparing two different low‐intensity shockwave therapy frequency protocols for nonbacterial chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A two‐arm, parallel‐group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mykoniatis Ioannis , Pyrgidis Nikolaos , Kalyvianakis Dimitrios , Zilotis Filimon , Kapoteli Paraskevi , Fournaraki Agrippina , Hatzichristou Dimitrios 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite encouraging results, the optimal low‐intensity shockwave therapy (LiST) protocol in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) remains unknown. We conducted a two‐arm, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial aiming to compare the efficacy and safety of six LiST sessions applied once or twice weekly.MethodsFifty patients with CP/CPPS type IIIb were randomly assigned to six LiST sessions once (Group A, n = 25) or twice weekly (Group B, n = 25). Both groups followed the same treatment protocol in terms of LiST application, impulses (5000/session), energy flux density (0.096 mJ/mm2) and frequency (5 Hz). Subsequently, all participants were evaluated at 1 and 3 months after completion of LiST protocol.ResultsAt the follow‐up evaluations, LiST significantly improved the National Institutes of Health‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH‐CPSI) total, pain and quality of life scores, as well as the International Index of Erectile Function–Erectile Domain (IIEF‐ED) in both groups (p < .001 for all measures). Comparing between the two groups, no significant differences were demonstrated in the NIH‐CPSI total, pain, urinary and quality of life scores, as well as in the International Prostate Symptom Score, IIEF–ED, and LiST‐induced pain at both follow‐up evaluations. Accordingly, no adverse events and no dropouts were observed in both groups.ConclusionSix sessions of LiST applied once weekly for 6 weeks or twice weekly for 3 weeks seem to be equally safe and effective in patients with CP/CPPS. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary, since LiST gradually gains its place for the management of CP/CPPS.
Xanthine oxidase activity in thiopurine curative Chinese inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Ding Liang , Zhang Fang‐bin , Liu Hui , Gao Xiang , Bi Hui‐chang , Huang Ling , Wang Xue‐ding , Chen Bai‐li , Zhang Yu , Lv Chuanzhu , Hu Pin‐jin , Huang Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractXanthine oxidase (XO) competes with thiopurine S‐methyltransferase (TPMT) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) to metabolize azathioprine (AZA)/6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) in vivo. A retrospective investigation was performed to detect the activity of XO in thiopurine curative Chinese inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We also evaluated whether a relationship between XO activity and incidence of thiopurine‐induced adverse effects (AEs) existed. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 140 IBD patients before receiving AZA/6‐MP therapy, and the erythrocyte XO activity was measured. The XO activities of all patients were 20.29 ± 4.43 U/g Hb. No sex difference in XO activity was observed (p = .728), and the XO activity showed no difference between the UC and CD patients (p = .082). AEs were observed in 41 (29.3%) patients including leukopenia (26, 18.57%), gastrointestinal intolerance (11, 7.86%), flu‐like symptom (5, 3.57%), alopecia (5, 3.57%), and hepatotoxicity (1, 0.71%). XO activity was significantly lower in the patients with AEs than in those without AEs (18.40 ± 3.73 vs. 21.07 ± 4.48 U/g Hb, p = .001), especially in the patients with leukopenia (18.29 ± 3.68 vs. 21.07 ± 4.48 U/g Hb, p = .004). However, no significant difference in XO activity was found between patients with and without other AEs. Decreased XO activity was observed in the patients who developed flu‐like symptoms (17.58 ± 3.50 U/g Hb) and alopecia (18.67 ± 2.91 U/g Hb) compared to those who did not, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. These findings suggested that patients with low XO expression might have a high risk of thiopurine‐induced toxicity.
Event‐driven disturbance rejection control for discrete time‐varying systems
Authors: Zhang Jinhui , Yin Jianfang , Xu Hao , Sun Zhongqi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, the problem of event‐driven output feedback control is addressed for discrete time‐varying systems with external disturbances. To estimate the unmeasured system states and external disturbances, a novel time‐varying extended state functional observer is designed. Then, an event‐driven control scheme is proposed to reduce the utilization of the communication resources, and the optimal feedback gain is designed by minimizing the upper bound of the cost function. Moreover, the disturbance rejection analyses are performed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control approaches is illustrated through the numerical simulations.
Multitarget Diallyl Disulfides (DADS) against Aβ Aggregation: Screening through Molecular Docking with Aβ42 & ZnII‐Aβ16, ADME, DFT & Synthetic Strategy
Authors: Singhal Sugandha , Khanna Pankaj , Misra Neeti , Khanna Leena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Aβ42 amyloid aggregation and its stabilization by coordination metals like ZnII through chelation, are the major pathological causes behind the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Natural compounds like curcumin and chrysamine G have depicted Aβ42 aggregation inhibition, metal chelation and anti‐oxidant properties. Likewise garlic derived diallyl disulfide (DADS) has shown metal chelation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antioxidant properties. In the present study a library of thirty four unnatural symmetrical DADS derivatives with aliphatic, aryl and new heteroaryl spacer groups, has been designed on the basis of electron releasing/withdrawing substituents and N/O heteroatom. The library was screened using various theoretical tools for their molecular properties and bioactivity with different receptors, to filter eleven potentially active derivatives. Further, Molecular docking study with Aβ42 (PDB ID: 1IYT) and ZnII‐Aβ16 (PDB ID: 1ZE9) displayed significant binding of heteroaryl DADS derivatives with highest binding energies and zinc binding ability. DFT calculations helped to predict their binding ability with free ZnII ion through disulfide linkage. MEP studies specified their reactive sites of binding. Finally, a synthetic protocol using less toxic reagents has been designed for their synthesis and an in vitro antioxidant activity has been evaluated.
Synthesis, Crystal and Hirshfeld Surface Structure of a 1D Ni(II) Coordination Polymer: Luminescent Detection for Fe3+ in H2O
Authors: Ya‐Li  , Zhao  , Li Jia‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA one‐dimensional (1D) Ni(II) coordination polymer, {[Ni(oba)(1,3‐bix)(H2O)]⋅H2O}n (1), where H2oba=4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid) and 1,3‐bis(imidazol‐l‐yl‐methyl)benzene=1,3‐bix, was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized through IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and Hirshfeld surface analyses. X‐ray diffraction structural analysis has revealed that the oba and 1,3‐bix ligands connects the Ni(II) atoms to form a square‐wave 1D chain, which is further extended into 2D supramolecular layers through O−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. 1 shows intense luminescence in H2O and exhibits a selectivity and detection for Fe3+ ions through the fluorescence quenching effect at room temperature.
Applications of Yamaguchi Method to Esterification and Macrolactonization in Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Majhi Sasadhar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractYamaguchi protocol provides functionalized esters regioselectively from carboxylic acids and alcohols employing 2,4,6‐trichlorobenzoyl chloride as the condensation reagent in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of 4‐N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine. The key features of this method comprise a high yield of esters, short reaction time, mild conditions, macrocyclic lactone ring formation, and regioselective preparation of highly functionalized esters. Such beneficial quality of this method as a whole have motivated the organic chemist and biological community to explore the application of Yamaguchi protocol in more heights and as a result, the present overview is aimed to cover the application of this method as a key step in the area of the total synthesis of bioactive natural products. The present review tries to focus on the natural sources, structures, and biological activities of the promising natural products elegantly.
Study on the Preparation of Zn‐Al‐LDHs by Different Reaction Methods with Ion Exchange Resin
Authors: Wang Ying , Sun Jiahan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractZn‐Al layered double hydroxides (Zn‐Al‐LDHs) were successfully prepared with ion exchange resin and mixed hydroxide by pneumatic stirring, constant temperature oscillation, magnetic stirring and hydrothermal reaction methods. The products were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, FT‐IR and TG‐DSC. The advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods were compared systematically. On the basis of the unique internal structure of ion exchange resin, the resin could effectively control the rate of product generation, and ensure the formation of LDHs slowly and evenly in the whole solution, so that the product morphology was more uniform and dispersed, and the product could be used directly without washing. SEM and XRD results show that the single constant temperature oscillation method and magnetic stirring method could obtain the products with better micromorphology than the pneumatic stirring method, presenting a clear hexagonal sheet structure. At the same time, the two methods can obtain nanoscale Zn‐Al‐LDHs with better crystal structure and higher purity. FT‐IR and TG‐DSC characterization further confirmed the composition of the product and the carbonate intercalation structure of the hydrotalcite.
Cu(OH)2 Nanorods/Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hu Junping , Liu Youxing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReasonably designing the catalyst in‐situ grown on conductive substrate is a promising avenue to ameliorate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, we fabricated Cu(OH)2 nanorods (NRs) and Ni(OH)2 nanosheets (NSs) on single crystal Cu foil for the first time. The structure and morphology of all samples were systematically investigated by XRD and SEM, respectively. XPS was carried out to measure the element composition and valence state. The synergistic effect of metal double hydroxides significantly improved the catalytic performance of hydrogen evolution in neutral electrolytes. And it also showed a high catalytic stability. The overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 and Tafel slope of Cu(OH)2 NRs @ Ni(OH)2 NSs were 200 mV and 120 mV/dec, respectively, which was markedly better than other materials reported previously.
Synthesis and Stereochemical Behavior of Dioxa[6]helicene Derivatives
Authors: Shyam Sundar M. , Lo Rabindranath , Dračínský Martin , Klepetářová Blanka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe constructed a helically chiral dioxa[6]helicene by assembling simple phenol building blocks by a combination of two simple reactions involving oxidative cross‐coupling followed by dehydrative cyclization. X‐ray analysis and density functional calculations (DFT) revealed that the compound dioxa[6]helicene has a helical structure that undergoes helical inversion rapidly at room temperature. We were able to detect the presence of resolvable helical isomers of (−)‐menthyloxycarbonyl derivative of dioxa[6]helicene by recording 1H NMR spectra below 0 °C. The investigations of photo physical properties by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis‐ and fluorescence properties with the aid of time‐dependent DFT calculations were undertaken.
Hydrothermal Stable Pd/γ‐Al2O3 @PA for Selective Conversion of Glutamic Acid to Bio‐Based 2‐Pyrrolidone
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Ye Xin , Cheng Jiong , Wang Xiaoguang , Chen Pengfei , Yang Yang , Wang Tianfu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlutamic acid conversion to 2‐pyrrolidone provides significant effort in recycling nitrogen from nitrogen‐rich waste streams, particularly protein waste. Catalysts with good performance for this reaction have been suffered with unstableness and the disability in controlling the product selectivity. Here, by modifying the support with H3PO4 (PA), we got stable Pd/γ‐Al2O3 @PA catalyst, which not only enhanced 2‐pyrrolidone production from glutamic acid hydrothermal conversion, but more importantly, increased product selectivity by surface Brønsted acid sites. This study offered a robust and economic strategy to stabilize metal oxide‐supported catalysts, and could lead to additional merits in controlling the product selectivity by modulating the near‐surface environment.
Morphological–phylogenetic analysis of the late Cenozoic Chlamydini von Teppner (Bivalvia, Pectinidae) of southern South America
Authors: Santelli María Belén , Alvarez Maximiliano J. , del Río Claudia J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe tribe Chlamydini was highly diversified in the marine Neogene of southern South America, reaching its maximum taxonomic diversity during the Miocene. However, the evolutionary relationships of South American taxa remain uncertain. This is the first phylogenetic analysis based on a large morphological matrix on Pectinidae, which focuses on South American taxa and species related to Chlamys s.s. The phylogenetic analysis is based on a matrix composed of 145 shell‐characters scored for 48 species, and multiple searches were conducted using equal and implied weighting. Two new monophyletic clades are defined, Multiplicata and Pauciplicata. The first includes Dietotenhosen, Ckaraosippur, Zygochlamys, Moirechlamys (South America), the North‐West Pacific Azumapecten, and the North‐East Pacific Chlamys hastata. Pauciplicata is represented by Chokekenia (Patagonia, Argentina), Laevichlamys (tropical Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific), Semipallium (Indo‐Pacific), Swiftopecten (South America and North Pacific), and Jorgechlamys + Reticulochlamys (Patagonia, Argentina). All of these genera are monophyletic except for the paraphyletic Jorgechlamys. The oldest documented occurrence of the tribe is Semipallium foulcheri from the lower Oligocene, a derived taxon that pushes the divergence time of basal genera to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, generating ghost lineages in all clades, except Jorgechlamys + Reticulochlamys. Pauciplicata and Multiplicata diverge in the early history of the tribe, at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Future analyses are necessary to gain a better understanding of the taxonomic arrangement of this poorly understood tribe. Further insights into the relationships of its deepest nodes may well resolve many ghost lineages.
Temporal trajectories in metacommunity structure: Insights from interdisciplinary research in intermittent streams
Authors: Perkin Joshuah S. , Papraniku Isabel F. , Gibbs W. Keith , Hoeinghaus David J. , Walker Donald M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetacommunity ecology represents a framework for identifying linkages between environmental heterogeneity, spatial processes, and local communities of organisms. Despite advancements in metacommunity theory, there remains a need to understand temporal dynamics of multi‐taxa metacommunities in variable ecosystems such as intermittent streams. We present a review of literature, three recent conceptual models, and a case study regarding metacommunity temporal dynamics in intermittent streams. The literature review revealed that the cumulative number of studies addressing temporal dynamics in aquatic metacommunities steadily increased between 2012 and 2020. Intermittent streams were the fourth‐most commonly studied ecosystem and interdisciplinary studies involving multiple taxa were the third‐most common taxonomic focus. The most common analytical method was variation partitioning, and analysis of beta diversity components surpassed both distance decay and elements of metacommunity structure as the second‐most used method from 2018 to 2020. Three recent conceptual models describing metacommunity dynamics in intermittent streams predict: (a) higher local species richness (i.e., alpha diversity) during rewetting and wet hydrologic phases, (b) stronger effects of dispersal over environmental sorting during the rewetting and wet phases, and (c) emergence of primarily nested structures during the wet hydrologic phase. When tested in a case study focused on microbes, aquatic invertebrates, and fishes, each of these predictions were partially, but not completely supported. Our results reveal expanding interest in temporal aspects of aquatic metacommunity structure and highlight how research in intermittent streams is poised to simultaneously advance basic metacommunity ecology and applied conservation biology through continued refinement of new and existing conceptual syntheses.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Top, Higgs, diboson and electroweak fit to the Standard Model effective field theory
Authors: Ellis John , Madigan Maeve , Mimasu Ken , Sanz Veronica , You Tevong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The search for effective field theory deformations of the Standard Model (SM) is a major goal of particle physics that can benefit from a global approach in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). For the first time, we include LHC data on top production and differential distributions together with Higgs production and decay rates and Simplified Template Cross-Section (STXS) measurements in a global fit, as well as precision electroweak and diboson measurements from LEP and the LHC, in a global analysis with SMEFT operators of dimension 6 included linearly. We present the constraints on the coefficients of these operators, both individually and when marginalised, in flavour-universal and top-specific scenarios, studying the interplay of these datasets and the correlations they induce in the SMEFT. We then explore the constraints that our linear SMEFT analysis imposes on specific ultra-violet completions of the Standard Model, including those with single additional fields and low-mass stop squarks. We also present a model-independent search for deformations of the SM that contribute to between two and five SMEFT operator coefficients. In no case do we find any significant evidence for physics beyond the SM. Our underlying Fitmaker public code provides a framework for future generalisations of our analysis, including a quadratic treatment of dimension-6 operators.
Universality in asymptotic bounds and its saturation in 2D CFT
Authors: Das Diptarka , Kusuki Yuya , Pal Sridip 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study asymptotics of three point coefficients (light-light-heavy) and two point correlators in heavy states in unitary, compact 2D CFTs. We prove an upper and lower bound on such quantities using numerically assisted Tauberian techniques. We obtain an optimal upper bound on the spectrum of operators appearing with fixed spin from the OPE of two identical scalars. While all the CFTs obey this bound, rational CFTs come close to saturating it. This mimics the scenario of bounds on asymptotic density of states and thereby pronounces an universal feature in asymptotics of 2D CFTs. Next, we clarify the role of smearing in interpreting the asymptotic results pertaining to considerations of eigenstate thermalization in 2D CFTs. In the context of light-light-heavy three point coefficients, we find that the order one number in the bound is sensitive to how close the light operators are from the $$ \frac{c}{32} $$

c
32

threshold. In context of two point correlator in heavy state, we find the presence of an enigmatic regime which separates the AdS3 thermal physics and the BTZ black hole physics. Furthermore, we present some new numerical results on the behaviour of spherical conformal block.