bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of a widely distributed plant species reveals cryptic genetic lineages with parallel phenotypic responses to warming and drought conditions
Authors: Kahl Sandra M. , Kappel Christian , Joshi Jasmin , Lenhard Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo predict how widely distributed species will perform under future climate change, it is crucial to understand and reveal their underlying phylogenetics. However, detailed information about plant adaptation and its genetic basis and history remains scarce and especially widely distributed species receive little attention despite their putatively high adaptability.To examine the adaptation potential of a widely distributed species, we sampled the model plant Silene vulgaris across Europe. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed the offspring of these populations to a climate change scenario for central Europe and revealed the population structure through whole‐genome sequencing. Plants were grown under two temperatures (18°C and 21°C) and three precipitation regimes (65, 75, and 90 mm) to measure their response in biomass and fecundity‐related traits. To reveal the population genetic structure, ddRAD sequencing was employed for a whole‐genome approach. We found three major genetic clusters in S. vulgaris from Europe: one cluster comprising Southern European populations, one cluster of Western European populations, and another cluster containing central European populations. Population genetic diversity decreased with increasing latitude, and a Mantel test revealed significant correlations between FST and geographic distances as well as between genetic and environmental distances. Our trait analysis showed that the genetic clusters significantly differed in biomass‐related traits and in the days to flowering. However, half of the traits showed parallel response patterns to the experimental climate change scenario. Due to the differentiated but parallel response patterns, we assume that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role for the adaptation of the widely distributed species S. vulgaris and its intraspecific genetic lineages.
Anticoagulation in cardiomyopathy: unravelling the hidden threat and challenging the threat individually
Authors: Zhu Xiaogang , Wang Zhenhua , Ferrari Markus W. , Ferrari‐Kuehne Katharina , Bulter Javed , Xu Xiuying , Zhou Quanzhong , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCardiomyopathy comprises a heterogeneous group of myocardial abnormalities, structural or functional in nature, in the absence of coronary artery disease and other abnormal loading conditions. These myocardial pathologies can result in premature death or disability from progressive heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, or other embolic events. The European Cardiomyopathy Registry reports a high stroke risk in cardiomyopathy patients ranging from 2.1% to 4.5%, as well as high prevalence of atrial fibrillation ranging from 14.0% to 48.5%. There is a growing interest in evaluating the risk of thromboembolism depending on the type of cardiomyopathy, as well as if anticoagulation is indicated in patients with cardiomyopathy without atrial fibrillation. Data available do not unequivocally support anticoagulation therapy in all of these patients; the management of these patients remains challenging. Many published reports pertaining to the risk of thromboembolism and consecutive treatment strategies mainly focus on single cardiomyopathy subtype. We summarize essential pathophysiological knowledge and review current literature associated with thromboembolism in various cardiomyopathy subtypes, providing recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation as well as clinical management strategies in this field. Certain cardiomyopathy subtypes require anticoagulation independent of atrial fibrillation or CHA2DS2‐VASc score. Despite the scarcity of evidence regarding the choice of anticoagulation regimen (vitamin K antagonist vs. non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulants) in cardiomyopathy, it is discussed and reviewed in this article. Each patient should receive a tailored strategy based on thorough clinical evaluation, published evidence, and clinical experience, due to the current recommendations mostly developed on small‐sample studies or empirical evidence. The future research priorities in this area are also addressed in this article.
Echocardiographic risk factors of left ventricular thrombus in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Mengjia , Liu Dan , Weidemann Frank , Lengenfelder Björn Daniel , Ertl Georg , Hu Kai , Frantz Stefan , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify echocardiographic determinants of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation after acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI).Methods and resultsThis case–control study comprised 55 acute anterior MI patients with LVT as cases and 55 acute anterior MI patients without LVT as controls, who were selected from a cohort of consecutive patients with ischemic heart failure in our hospital. The cases and controls were matched for age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction. LVT was detected by routine/contrast echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during the first 3 months following MI. Formation of apical aneurysm after MI was independently associated with LVT formation [72.0% vs. 43.5%, odds ratio (OR) = 5.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–15.48, P = 0.005]. Echocardiographic risk factors associated with LVT formation included reduced mitral annular plane systolic excursion (<7 mm, OR = 4.69, 95% CI 1.84–11.95, P = 0.001), moderate–severe diastolic dysfunction (OR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.11–6.57, P = 0.028), and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction [reduced tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion < 17 mm (OR = 5.48, 95% CI 2.12–14.13, P < 0.001), reduced RV fractional area change < 0.35 (OR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.20–9.18, P = 0.021), and enlarged RV mid diameter (per 5 mm increase OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.12–2.34, P = 0.010)]. Reduced tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (<17 mm) significantly associated with increased risk of LVT in anterior MI patients (OR = 3.84, 95% CI 1.37–10.75, P = 0.010), especially in those patients without apical aneurysm (OR = 5.12, 95% CI 1.45–18.08, P = 0.011), independent of body mass index, hypertension, anaemia, mitral annular plane systolic excursion, and moderate–severe diastolic dysfunction.ConclusionsRight ventricular dysfunction as determined by reduced TAPSE or RV fractional area change is independently associated with LVT formation in acute anterior MI patients, especially in the setting of MI patients without the formation of an apical aneurysm. This study suggests that besides assessment of left ventricular abnormalities, assessment of concomitant RV dysfunction is of importance on risk stratification of LVT formation in patients with acute anterior MI.
Circulating heart failure biomarkers beyond natriuretic peptides: review from the Biomarker Study Group of the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Authors: Meijers Wouter C. , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Mebazaa Alexandre , Bauersachs Johann , Cleland John G.F. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Januzzi James L. , Maisel Alan S. , McDonald Kenneth , Mueller Thomas , Richards A. Mark , Seferovic Petar , Mueller Christian , de Boer Rudolf A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNew biomarkers are being evaluated for their ability to advance the management of patients with heart failure. Despite a large pool of interesting candidate biomarkers, besides natriuretic peptides virtually none have succeeded in being applied into the clinical setting. In this review, we examine the most promising emerging candidates for clinical assessment and management of patients with heart failure. We discuss high‐sensitivity cardiac troponins (Tn), procalcitonin, novel kidney markers, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), galectin‐3, growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15), cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), neprilysin, adrenomedullin (ADM), and also discuss proteomics and genetic‐based risk scores. We focused on guidance and assistance with daily clinical care decision‐making. For each biomarker, analytical considerations are discussed, as well as performance regarding diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, we discuss potential implementation in clinical algorithms and in ongoing clinical trials.
Para‐C60(CF2)(CF3)R: a family of chiral electron accepting compounds accessible through a facile one‐pot synthesis
Authors: Bogdanov Viktor P. , Dmitrieva Veronika A. , Rybalchenko Alexey V. , Yankova Tatiana S. , Kosaya Maria P. , Romanova Natalia A. , Belov Nikita M. , Borisova Nataliya E. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Goryunkov Alexey A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere we report a facile one‐pot regioselective synthesis of the family of chiral 1,7‐C60(CF2)(CF3)R compounds via CF2 carbene addition to in situ generated C60CF3− anion. The simplest representative of the family, C60(CF2)(CF3)Me, is unequivocally characterized and shown to feature 0.1 eV lower LUMO level than C60, that makes it a prospective electron accepting electron‐transport material.
A novel active‐input cascode current mirror with high precision and low power dissipation
Authors: Xie Haiqing , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Gang , Lu Junlin , Yi Xinbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, a novel active‐input cascode current mirror (CM) with high precision and low power consumption is proposed. First, the cascode input structure is employed upon the active‐input CM to reduce the requirement of high‐gain op‐amp. In addition, the extra branch to the ground is designed. Subsequently, the resistance adaptive loop is separated from the current replication loop to eliminate the matching obstacle between two op‐amps. The proposed CM fulfilled in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, is able to operate with a supply voltage of 1.0 V, wide input range of 100 nA–1 mA, low power dissipation of 40 μW, and lower replication error (below 1.4%) than the same configuration using the conventional active‐input mechanism.
The Effects of Dietary Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposure and Rearing Temperature on Tadpole Growth, Development, and Their Underlying Processes
Authors: Yahn Jeremiah M. , Karasov William H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Depression of growth rate due to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been documented in birds, mammals, amphibians, and fish at single temperatures. However, the underlying energetic mechanism for this effect and how it might change in relation to changing environmental temperature remain unstudied. We used a simple energy budget to address hypotheses regarding effects of PBDEs on tadpole (Lithobates pipiens) growth: that reductions in growth are linked to increased respiratory costs, reductions in digestive performance, differences in body composition, reductions in food intake, or a combination of these factors. From 18 days postfertilization (dpf) until 42 dpf, tadpoles were exposed dietarily to a pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture (DE-71TM) at a concentration of 100 ng DE-71/g wet mass under a rearing temperature of either 22 or 27 °C. After 20 days of PBDE exposure, total PBDEs in tadpoles averaged 148.4 ng/g wet mass, with no differences by rearing temperature and approximately 50% higher than in their diet; controls not fed PBDE had levels &lt;1 ng/g. Exposure to PBDE resulted in reductions in body length, mass, and development compared to controls, independent of rearing temperature; PBDE had no effect on measures of body composition, dry matter digestibility, or oxygen consumption. A simple energy budget using data from the present study revealed that a 10% decrease in feeding rate could explain the lower mass gain of tadpoles exposed to PBDE. Growth depression by PBDE could be due to (1) direct inhibition of growth processes by PBDE that indirectly decreases total energy demand and food intake, and (2) direct inhibition of food intake. Future studies to disentangle these possible pathways of PBDE effects are warranted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3181–3192. © 2021 SETAC
Longitudinal differences in everyday preferences: Comparisons between people with cognitive impairment and their care partners
Authors: Wilkins James M. , Locascio Joseph J. , Gunther Jeanette M. , Gomez‐Isla Teresa , Hyman Bradley T. , Blacker Deborah , Forester Brent P. , Okereke Olivia I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesPersons with progressive cognitive impairment (CI) increasingly rely on surrogate decision‐makers for everyday activities. Yet, little is known about changes in everyday preferences over time or about concordance between persons with CI and their care partners regarding longitudinal changes.MethodsThe sample included 48 dyads of persons with CI (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale score ≥0.5) and their care partners. The Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory was used to assess importance of preferences among persons with CI at baseline and follow‐up (mean 486 days). Care partners separately completed concurrent proxy assessments. Mixed random and fixed effects longitudinal models were used to evaluate changes in ratings and concordance levels between persons with CI and care partners.ResultsThere were significant gender differences regarding importance ratings of “autonomous choice” and “social engagement” preferences over time: women with CI rated these preferences as more important across time as a whole. Higher levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with less importance of “social engagement” preferences across time as a whole for persons with CI and a more negative discrepancy between persons with CI and care partner proxy assessments as time went on.ConclusionThis study yields new insights into predictors of longitudinal change in everyday preferences among persons with CI and their care partners. Although preferences were largely stable over time, there is increasing support for the relationship between differences in “social engagement” preferences and neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may have implications for monitoring and/or treatment in the context of cognitive impairment.
Community‐level health programs and child labor: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Posso Alberto , De Silva Perera Udeni , Mishra Ankita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany developing countries have adopted community‐based primary health‐care programs. A vital component of these programs is health literacy, which teaches households to avoid physical harm. Child labor can often result in physical harm through injury. Our hypothesis is that health literacy programs make households aware of previously unknown costs of child labor (i.e., risks of injury), resulting in a reallocation of labor away from children. Using Ethiopian data, we investigate if exposure to a community‐level health program delivered by Health Extension Workers (HEWs) lowers child labor. We use panel data comprising 5587 observations from 2255 children over four waves of the Young Lives Project. These data are combined with administrative regional‐level data on HEWs over the 2006–2016 period. Our identification strategy exploits variations in the deployment of HEWs across regions and time to investigate a plausibly exogenous effect on child labor. We provide evidence that supports our hypothesis. We posit that the mechanism behind our result is likely behavioral change, and rule out several other potential channels, including public safety net programs and the effect of HEWs on education. Our results point to the role that health programs can play in the fight against child labor.
Study of special types of boundary layer natural convection flow problems through the clique polynomial method
Authors: Kumbinarasaiah S. , Raghunatha K. R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study proposed a new novel approach called the clique polynomial method (CPM) and applied it to the system of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) associated with different cases of boundary layer natural convection fluid flow problems. Here, three specific problems are considered: (1) laminar film condensation of a fluid‐saturated flow with isothermal vertical plate; (2) natural convection boundary layer fluid flow; and (3) heat transfer boundary layer flow due to a stretching sheet. CPM results, which do not need small parameters, are compared with numerical results, and the outcomes are established to be in good agreement. The CPM is hugely proficient and a sensible choice for finding outcomes to this type of coupled nonlinear ODEs. The work is in outstanding accord for coupled nonlinear ODEs in engineering applications.
Assisting/opposing/forced convection flow on entropy‐optimized MHD nanofluids with variable viscosity: Interfacial layer and shape effects
Authors: Shaw Sachin , Patra Arun , Misra Ashok , Nayak M. K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper aims at investigating the variable viscosity, shape, and interfacial layer effects on entropy‐optimized assisting/opposing/forced convection flow of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluids past a thin needle. The nanoparticles such as SWCNT/MWCNT are used to enhance the heat transfer rate (HTR). Revised Hamilton–Crosser model is implemented in imparting significant augmentation in the thermal conductivity of SWCNT/MWCNT nanoparticles. The energy equation is modeled by including thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Newtonian heating mechanisms. Transformed governing equations have been worked out with the help of the bvp4c method along with the shooting technique. The numerical results of velocity, temperature, surface viscous drag (SVD), HTR, entropy generation (EG) rate, and Bejan number are discussed. The flow velocity attains maximum value for a rise in interfacial layer parameter and size of the thin needle, while exhibits declining trend due to hike in shape factor. Surface viscous drag, heat transfer rate, and entropy generation rate enhance in the order opposing, forced convection, and assisting the flow of magnetic fluids while Bejan number shows reverse effect. Interestingly, at lower magnetic parameter , HT enhancement for MWCNT–water nanofluid is 60% higher than that of SWCNT–water nanofluid.
Evaluation of an interactive online information service to improve patient care in the field of anticoagulation and antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Bussey Henry I. , Beavers Craig J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ClotCare Online Information Resource (“ClotCare”) was established in 2000 as an interactive patient education service. In 2003, its scope of service was expanded to include clinicians and the general public, and an editorial board was added to facilitate dissemination of new information. By 2008, the site had achieved national and international recognition.MethodsWebsite use statistics and an online survey were used to assess geographic reach and clinical impact in 2010.ResultsThe site experienced an annual growth of over 40% (with the use doubling every 2 years). ClotCare answered over 1000 questions per year, web traffic exceeded 500 000 “hits” per month and more than 5000 individuals subscribed to the email list serve. Of the 826 individuals who responded to the survey, 55% subscribed to the email list serve, 58% were health care professionals, 31% were patients, and 11% were “individuals seeking information on blood clots and related issues”. United States residents comprised 87% of respondents; the others resided in 20 different countries. Data from completed surveys revealed that 367 of 412 health care professionals (89%) and 259 of 298 patients (87%) could identify a specific change in practice that they had made due to information from ClotCare. Among the 295 “frequent users,” 94% to 98% agreed or strongly agreed that ClotCare increased their knowledge, provided valuable information, provided trusted information, provided a valuable service, and is among the top five resources utilized for information on blood clots and related treatments.ConclusionsClotCare substantially altered the actions of both health care professionals and patients. These outcomes have been achieved through web‐based education and information sharing as well as “on demand” responses to questions. ClotCare is a widely used resource that is highly valued.
Pharmacists leadership in a medication shortage response: Illustrative examples from a health system response to the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Ammar Mahmoud A. , Tran Lydia J. , McGill Bryan , Ammar Abdalla A. , Huynh Phu , Amin Nilesh , Guerra Michael , Rouse Ginger E. , Lemieux Diana , McManus Dayna , Topal Jeffrey E. , Davis Matthew W. , Miller LeeAnn , Yazdi Marina , Leber Molly Billstein , Pulk Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs medication experts, clinical pharmacists play an active and dynamic role in a medication shortage response. Supplementing existing guidelines with an actionable framework of discrete activities to support effective medication shortage responses can expand the scope of pharmacy practice and improve patient care. Dissemination of best practices and illustrative, networked examples from health systems can support the adoption of innovative solutions. In this descriptive report, we document the translation of published shortage mitigation guidelines into system success through broad pharmacist engagement and the adaption and implementation of targeted strategies. The profound, wide‐reaching medication shortages that accompanied the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic are used to highlight coordinated but distinct practices and how they have been combined to expand the influence of the pharmacy enterprise.
Development and validation of a systematic process for expansion of clinical pharmacy activities for comprehensive medication management in primary care within the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: McFarland M. Shawn , Ourth Heather , Frank Dana , Mambourg Scott , Tran Michael , Morreale Anthony 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMedication misadventures can be considered either misuse, underuse, or overuse of medication therapy. With over 80% of Americans taking at least one medication per week and an increased percentage of hospital readmissions associated with a medication‐related problem, a strategy must be integrated that can ensure medications are optimized. Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is a patient‐centered process for ensuring medication optimization and improving patient health outcomes that is delivered by a clinical pharmacist working in collaboration with the patient and other health care providers. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest integrated health care system in the United States and has strong clinical pharmacy practice in primary care. In an effort to increase the practice of the clinical pharmacy specialist delivering CMM, we outline a national implementation program conducted by the VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office to evaluate individual facility quality care needs, matched clinical pharmacist training needs, and the overall impact achieved with clinical pharmacist expansion of CMM.