bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Laser Flap Creation for Laser in situ Keratomileusis: Six-month Follow-up of Initial U.S. Clinical Series
Authors: Nordan Lee T , Slade Stephen G , Baker Richard N , Suarez Carlos , Juhasz Tibor , Kurtz Ron 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical performance of a femtosecond laser for flap creation in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: A prospective, consecutive series of 208 eyes (122 patients) undergoing LASIK between June 2000 and November 2000 using a femtosecond laser for creation of the corneal flap were evaluated for the incidence of complications. A subset of 114 patients who underwent myopic procedures and who were followed for 6 months was analyzed using standard outcome measures.
RESULTS: In 4 of 208 eyes (1.9%), suction was lost during the procedure, causing the flap resection to be interrupted. However, in all four of these eyes the procedure was successfully performed 5 to 45 minutes after re-applanation of the eye. No postoperative complications or adverse events were observed in any treated eye. In the subgroup of 96 eyes undergoing piano correction and followed for 6 months (preoperative spherical equivalent refraction range -0.63 to -12.40 D), 98% (94 eyes) achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better; 94% (90 eyes) achieved 20/30 or better, 79% (76 eyes) achieved 20/25; and 55% (53 eyes) achieved 20/20 or better- all without benefit of retreatment.
CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser corneal flap creation is a safe and effective alternative to traditional mechanical mi crokera tomes. Standard LASK nomograms appeared to apply equally well to the all-laser LASLK procedures. The potential for improved flap safety, reproducibility, flexibility, as well as for additional corneal applications are now being explored. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:8-14]
Effect of Beam Size on the Expected Benefit of Customized Laser Refractive Surgery
Authors: Guirao Antonio , Williams David R , MacRae Scott M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Customized laser surgery attempts to correct higher order aberrations, as well as defocus and astigmatism. The success of such a procedure depends on using a laser beam that is small enough to produce fine ablation profiles needed to correct higher order aberrations.
METHODS: Wave aberrations were obtained from a population of 109 normal eyes and 4 keratoconic eyes using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We considered a theoretical customized ablation in each eye, performed with beams of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm in diameter. We then calculated the residual aberrations remaining in the eye for the different beam sizes. Retinal image quality was estimated by means of the modulation transfer function (MTF), computed from the residual aberrations. Fourier analysis was used to study spatial filtering of each beam size.
RESULTS: The laser beam acts like a spatial filter, smoothing the finest features in the ablation profile. The quality of the correction declines steadily when the beam size increases. A beam of 2 mm is capable of correcting defocus and astigmatism. Beam diameters of 1 mm or less may effectively correct aberrations up to fifth order.
CONCLUSION: Large diameter laser beams decrease the ability to correct higher order aberrations. A top-hat laser beam of 1 mm (Gaussian with FWHM of 0.76 mm) is small enough to produce a customized ablation for typical human eyes. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:15-23]
Effect of Hyperopic Photorefractive Keratectomy on Corneal Sensitivity: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Murphy Paul J , O'Brart David P S , Stephenson Christopher G , Oliver Katherine M , Patel Sudi , Marshall John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate corneal sensitivity after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low hyperopia, as measured with a non-invasive stimulus.
METHODS: Two experimental groups were recruited: a control group of 17 patients (mean age 61.65 years) who underwent no treatment, and a PRK group of 11 patients (mean age 58.64 years) who underwent one of three attempted hyperopic corrections: +2.00 D (two patients), +3.00 D (four patients), +4.00 D (five patients). Corneal sensitivity was assessed centrally and peripherally, at temporal, medial, and inferior locations, approximately 1 mm from the limbus, using the Non-Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer (NCCA). Measurements were taken at each location for the control group and at preoperative, and postoperative weeks 1 and 2, 1, 3, and 6 months for the PRK group.
RESULTS: Comparison of control and PRK groups (preoperative sensation threshold) (t-test): central P=.715, temporal P=.719, medial P=.943, inferior P= .920. Comparison of longitudinal changes in PRK group (one-way ANOVA): central P=.612, temporal P=.997, medial P=.981, inferior P=993.
CONCLUSIONS: Using the Non-Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer, no significant difference was found between the control and PRK groups for preoperative sensation thresholds, and no significant change in corneal sensitivity was found between any of the test time periods at any of the four corneal test locations for the PRK group. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:34-39]
Photorefractive Keratectomy With and Without Smoothing: A Bilateral Study
Authors: Serrao Sebastiano , Lombardo Marco , Mondini Fabio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess whether a smoother stromal surface and a faster epithelium regeneration after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) may lead to better visual results.
METHODS: Ten patients had unilateral PRK and contralateral PRK plus smoothing. The operative outcome was checked by means of digital standardized photographs taken at 0, 20, 40, and 60 hours after surgery. Complete clinical examinations were performed before and 1 and 3 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Between 20 and 40 hours after surgery, the average velocity of radial epithelial migration in eyes in which smoothing was performed was 0.083 ± 0.008 mm/h. This was faster than that (0.064 ± 0.007 mm/h [P<.01]) observed in the eyes without smoothing. The corneal regularity index at 1 and 3 months was worse in the PRK alone group compared to the PRK plus smoothing group (P=.l). At 3 months, better visual outcome and less haze were observed in the PRK plus smoothing group.
CONCLUSION: When using a flying spot laser, PRK plus smoothing improved the visual results and diminished regression and haze at 3 months, but gave rise to a slight hyperopic shift. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:58-64]
First Clinical Results With the Femtosecond Neodynium-glass Laser in Refractive Surgery
Authors: Ratkay-Traub Imola , Ferincz Istvan E , Juhasz Tibor , Kurtz Ron M , Krueger Ronald R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We evaluated four femtosecond laser intrastromal cutting procedures: creation of a corneal flap for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), tunnel and entry cut for intracorneal ring, corneal flap and removable lens for keratomileusis, and intrastromal ablation for myopia and hyperopia.
METHODS: A clinical trial using a femtosecond surgical laser (IntraLase Corporation) was performed in partially sighted eyes. Femto-LASIK treatment was performed on 46 eyes up to -14.00 D; 16 patients received intracorneal ring segments (Femto-ICRS); 5 patients each with one highly myopic eye had femtosecond laser keratomileusis (FLK), and 13 patients each with one myopic or hyperopic eye had intrastromal ablation (ISPRK). In Femto-LASIK, excimer laser ablation was done under the flap. In Femto-ICRS, ring segments were introduced into the laser-created channels. In femtosecond laser keratomileusis, a lens-shaped block of stroma was removed manually from under the flap.
RESULTS: No difference was found between the results obtained with Femto-LASIK and a standard microkeratome. No refractive effects occurred when the created flap was not elevated. In cases of Femto-ICRS and conventional ICRS produced the same refractive results. With Femto-ICRS, no intraoperative complications occurred and visual acuity improved immediately after surgery. In femtosecond laser keratomileusis, high myopia was corrected without using excimer laser ablation; centralization of the treatment area was excellent. In intrastromal ablation, 1 to 2 hours after surgery the corneas were highly transparent; refractive results were stable.
CONCLUSIONS: Femtosecond lasers can produce precise intrastromal cutting, offering significant safety and other advantages (no razor blades, corneal trauma, partial resections, or sterilization issues) over current techniques. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:94-103]
Comparison of Subjective Visual Acuity With Visual Acuity Predicted From C-scan Topography
Authors: Tsai Show-Chuan , Wang I-Jong , Liou Shiow-Wen , Chen Wei-Li , Lee Yuan-Chieh , Tseng Gow-Lieng , Hu Fung-Rong 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: To compare the capability of objective measures of visual acuity (potential visual acuity from C-scan) to predict subjective visual acuity (best spectacle-corrected visual acuity [BSCVA]).METHODS: Patients with BSCVA ≥20/20 were enrolled in four groups (Group 1: normal [33 eyes]; Group 2: <-7.00 D myopia [43 eyes]; Group 3: ≥-7.00 D myopia [28 eyes]; Group 4: At least 1 month after LASIK [93 eyes I). Videokeratography was performed with the ray tracing Technomed C-scan. The potential visual acuity from C-scan was obtained with pupils undilated and intact precorneal tear films. All visual acuity was recorded in logMAR, and the significance of differences between acuities was assessed with a one-way ANOVA test.RESULTS: The potential visual acuity from C-scan ray tracing of normal and myopic eyes in response to both photopic and mesopic stimuli did not differ. In a given eye, the potential visual acuity from C-scan ray tracing was better than BSCVA, and the difference was statistically significant. Although the potential visual acuity from C-scan of postoperative LASIK eyes in response to photopic stimuli was the same, it decreased under mesopic conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Potential visual acuity from C-scan overestimates subjective visual acuity due to the inadequate assumptions in ray tracing or individual retinal resolution ability. In addition, the potential visual acuity from C-scan ray tracing varies with pupil diameter in different illumination. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:137-141]
Primary Multipoint (Segmental) Custom Ablation
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Sofinski Sandra J , Mahler Oron S , van Westenbrugge John A , Triebwasser Rick W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We present our experience in resolving visual symptoms in refractive patients undergoing primary multipoint (segmental) custom ablation.
METHODS: Twelve eyes with mixed myopic astigmatism underwent evaluation and primary treatment by multipoint (segmental) custom ablation for the correction of refractive errors and visual symptoms using the Nidek NAVEX platform.
RESULTS: Twelve eyes showed resolution of visual symptoms following diagnosis and treatment with MCA using the NAVEX platform. No patient lost two or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. The postoperative root mean square of higher order aberrations did not change in a predictable or reproducible fashion.
CONCLUSION: Multipoint (segmental) custom ablation with the Nidek NAVEX system was safe and effective for correcting mixed myopic astigmatism and for resolving visual symptoms in selected refractive surgery candidates. Small changes in the root mean square of higher order aberration values were not always reflected in a patient's subjective assessment of vision quality. [J Refract Surg 2003;19(suppl):S202-S208]
One-year Results of Butterfly Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Camesasca Fabrizio I , Randazzo Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the risks, complications, and refractive results at 1 year after modified laser epithelial keratomileusis (Butterfly LASEK).
METHODS: In a non-randomized prospective study of 773 eyes (452 patients; mean age 34.3 ± 16.5 years, mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction -5.30 ± 3.70 D; mean sphere -4.80 ± 3.60 D; mean cylinder -1.00 ± 1.40 D; range -22.50 to +5.50 D), we used a modified LASEK technique and evaluated complications and refractive results at 1 year. The technique is based on the formation of the epithelial flap utilizing alcohol (20% diluted solution applied on the epithelium for 5 to 30 seconds), paracentral abrasion, blunt dissection of the epithelium from the underlying plane; the epithelium is then separated by means of a specially designed retractor. Ablation was performed with a Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser, followed by smoothing and repositioning of the epithelial flap.
RESULTS: After 1 year, we analyzed the results of 542 (70.1%) treated eyes with the following outcome: mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction -0.20 ± 1.40 D; mean sphere -0.10 ± 1.30 D; mean cylinder -0.10 ± 0.60 D; range -2.50 to +0.75 D. In 83.0% of treated eyes, achieved refraction was within ±0.50 D of planned correction, with uncorrected visual acuity greater than or equal to 1.2 in 19.0% of treated eyes, greater than or equal to 1.0 in 56.0%, and greater than or equal to 0.8 in 19%. Concerning visual acuity, 0.3% of eyes lost 1 line, 49.8% of eyes had no change; 41.8% gained 1 line, 9.8% gained 2 lines, and 1.6% gained more than 2 lines.
CONCLUSION: One-year results of this preliminary study showed that Butterfly LASEK was easy to perform, safe, and led to excellent long-term refractive results. [J Refract Surg 2003; 19: S223-S226]
Effect of Laser in situ Keratomileusis on the Corneal Endothelium
Authors: Simaroj Pornchai , Kosalprapai Kessara , Chuckpaiwong Varintorn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the effects of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the corneal endothelium.
METHODS: In a prospective study, preoperative and 12-month postoperative specular microscopy of the central corneal endothelium and corneal thickness assessment was done in L80 eyes of 105 patients (mean age 31.96 ± 8.88 years; range 16 to 55 yr) who had LASIK to correct myopia. The central endothelium was analyzed for several parameters including cell density, coefficient of variation, and corneal thickness. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative endothelial cell density was 2547.37 ± 282.00 cells/mm2, mean coefficient of variation of cell size was 58.33 ± 11.50%, and mean central corneal thickness was 558.90 ± 28.42 /*m. There was not a statistically significant change in mean endothelial cell density (2508.24 ± 289.57 cells/mm2) or mean coefficient of variation (58.61 ± 9.89%) at 1 year after surgery (P>.05 ). Average endothelial cell loss was 1.54% at 1 year after surgery. Mean central corneal thickness at 12 months postoperatively was 493.24 ± 52.55 µt? (P<.01).
CONCLUSION: LASIK did not appear to alter corneal endothelial cell density at 12 months postoperatively. [J Refract Surg 2003;19(suppl): S237-S240]
Complications of Photorefractive Keratectomy and Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Lui Marcelo Mastromonico , Silas Marcia Ap Grandini , Fugishima Helio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser for surgery performed from Jan 1999 to Dec 2001.
METHODS: Retrospective study of excimer laser in 683 eyes: PRK was performed in 103 eyes and LASDX was performed in 580 eyes using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser and Moria Carriazo Barraquer microkeratome. We classified complications as intraoperative, early postoperative (30 days) and late postoperative complications. All patients were followed for at least 6 months.
RESULTS: There were 15 (2.19%) intraoperative microkeratome -related flap complications, 5 thin flaps (0.73%), 4 free caps (0.58%), 3 buttonholes (0.43%), and 3 small flaps (0.43%). The most frequent early postoperative complication was dry eye with pain in 42 eyes. There were 30 cases of microwrinkled flaps (4.39%), 14 cases of dislocated flaps or flap striae that necessitated lifting and irrigating the flap (2.04%), 8 interface epithelial ingrowth (1.17%), 4 interface debris (0.58%), 3 haze (0.43%), 3 glare (0.43%), 2 decentered ablations (0.29%), and 2 cases of toxic keratitis (0.29%). Late postoperative complications were 98 cases of spherical equivalent refraction more than or equal to 1.00 D (14.3%) with 6 months follow-up. Reoperation was necessary in 33 eyes (4.83%). Five eyes lost 1 or more lines of preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (0.73%), and 2 eyes had keratoconus (0.29%).
CONCLUSION: Refractive surgery with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser was safe, with few complications. [J Refract Surg 2003;19(suppl): S247-S249]
Experimental Imaging of Intracorneal Ring Segments With Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wirbelauer Christopher , Winkler Jörg , Scholz Christian , Häberle Heike , Pham Duy Thoai 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the imaging of corneal structures with optical coherence tomography (OCT) after implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS).
METHODS: In an experimental study with six porcine eyes, qualitative and quantitative imaging with corneal OCT using a wavelength of 1310 nm after implantation of ICRS was performed. The optical results were compared with light microscopy of the histological sections.
RESULTS: In corneal OCT, the ICRS revealed marked hyporeflective intrastromal areas, which correlated well with macroscopic and microscopic findings. Corneal OCT enabled precise images of the incision depth for the implantation of ICRS, and the exact intrastromal segment position.
CONCLUSIONS: Noncontact slit lamp-adapted corneal optical coherence tomography could be employed to clinically monitor corneal changes after implantation of ICRS, evaluate the depth of the segments to correlate refractive changes, and quantify the stromal wound healing response. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:367-371]
Intermittent Exotropia: Is Surgery Necessary?
Authors: Newman Judith , Mazow Malcolm L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Sixty cases of intermittent exotropia were studied to compare the outcome of those patients treated medically with the outcome of those patients treated surgically. Below 30 prism diopters of intermittent exotropia, there is a high functional cure rate in both groups. Preoperative orthoptics did not lead to a surgical overcorrection. And finally, central fusion is not essential for a clinical cure.
Magnetized Instrument Removal of Foreign Body Through the Pars Plana
Authors: Bennett Thomas O , Diddie Kenneth R , Trolinger Kenneth 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We describe a new, safe technique for removing posteriorly located magnetic intraocular foreign bodies. The technique consists of magnetizing an intraocular instrument by placing an electromagnet against the extraocular portion. After a vitrectomy, the magnetized instrument lifts the foreign body anteriorly in a controlled fashion, and removes the object through the pars plana. Its use is illustrated in two case reports.
Short Exposure Times in Argon Laser Iridotomy
Authors: Mandelkorn Robert M , Mendelsohn Alan D , Olander Kenneth W , Zimmerman Thom J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Currently employed techniques utilizing a continuous wave argon laser for the production of peripheral iridotomies in the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma are successful in producing patent iridotomies; however, complications such as corneal, lenticular, and retinal burns have been experienced.
We found that a combination of low energy, much shorter exposures and an overlapping stretch pattern also gave a high success ratio in terms of formation of a patent iridotomy while reducing the number of complications for both black and white patients. Highly encouraging was the absence of corneal edema of a severity sufficient to cause an interruption in the treatment.
Combined Trabeculotomy-Trabeculectomy for the Management of Glaucoma Associated with Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Board R Jeffrey , Shields M Bruce 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Experience in managing five eyes with glaucoma associated with the Sturge-Weber syndrome is presented. All cases were treated with a combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy as the primary surgical procedure. A review of the proposed mechanisms involved in the glaucoma of this syndrome is given to provide the reasoning behind the selection of this operation. Although the results of this small series do not prove superiority of this surgical approach over techniques reported by others, we feel that a combined operation of this type offers the most reasonable hope for success, untila more precise understanding of the glaucoma mechanism in this condition is established.
The Effect of Anterior Orbital Decompression on Motility in Thyroid Exophthalmos
Authors: Dixon Ray , Lesser George R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Nineteen orbits from 13 patients with endocrine exophthalmos were effectively decompressed into the maxillary and ethmoid antra through an anterior orbitotomy. Six patients with preoperative diplopia had improved ocular ductions and return of binocular single vision in functional positions. Diplopia was not induced in five patients with normal pre-op motility. In one patient with active orbitopathy, a large postoperative esotropia was caused by worsening of medial rectus inflammation. This approach appears to lessen the incidence of postoperative diplopia and may make subsequent extraocular muscle procedures unnecessary.
Full-Thickness Eyelid Biopsy for Presumed Carcinoma In Situ of the Palpebral Conjunctiva
Authors: Leibsohn Joel , Bullock John , Waller Robert 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A biopsy-proven diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the palpebrai conjunctiva should always evoke doubt. This change may represent pagetoid spread of an occult sebaceous gland carcinoma. The conjunctiva! changes may be subtle, preceding the formation of any obvious mass in the eyelid. In this situation, full-thickness eyelid biopsy should be considered as a possible alternative to diagnosis accurately the disease process.
The authors present two cases where biopsy of chronically inflamed palpebrai conjunctiva was at first diagnosed as carcinoma in situ. Fufl-thickness eyelid biopsy was performed at varying times following the conjunctival biopsy. Sebaceous gland carcinoma was then diagnosed in each case. The pathogenicity of carcinoma in situ differs markedly from sebaceous gland carcinoma. A palpebrai conjunctival biopsy diagnosed as carcinoma in situ should arouse suspicion that a more serious pathologic process may be present. Full-thickness eyelid biopsy may be appropriate under such circumstances.
Psychiatric Reactions Complicating Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Karhunen Ulla , Orko Riitta 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In a prospective study, 50 of 1 505 (3.3%) patients undergoing cataract extraction during a three-year period developed postoperative psychiatric reactions. Old age and markedly deteriorated vision seemed to contribute to this complication, which in all cases was reversible.
Preparation of Split Thickness Auricular Cartilage for Use in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery
Authors: Smith Byron , Lisman Richard D 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Auricular cartilage can be used extensively in a number of procedures by the ophthalmic plastic surgeon. It is ideal for the lengthening of eyelids, and also has a place in eyelid reconstruction, surgery for trichiasis, a nd the anophthalmic socket. It is vita I that the cartilage be prepared in a precise and meticulous manner in order to insure optimum results.