bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic position and maintenance therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A national cohort study
Authors: Pedersen Line Hjøllund , Østergaard Anna , Bank Victoria , Nersting Jacob , Tuckuviene Ruta , Wehner Peder Skov , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Degn Matilda , Als‐Nielsen Bodil Elise Thorhauge , Larsen Hanne Bækgaard , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic differences in survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been reported in high‐income countries and there is an unmet need for strategies to identify vulnerable patient subgroups. Reported differences in survival for children from families with different socioeconomic positions seem to arise when starting maintenance therapy. This could reflect reduced physician's compliance or family adherence to maintenance therapy.MethodsThis nationwide cohort study with extensive monitoring of systemic methotrexate (MTX)/6‐mercaptopurine (6MP) dosing and metabolite levels, retrospectively investigated 173 Danish children treated according to The Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology ALL2008 protocol from 2008 to 2016.ResultsSignificantly lower prescribed doses of MTX and 6MP were seen in the children in families with short parental education (short vs. medium vs. higher education: mMTX: 13.8, 16.2, and 18.6 mg/m2/week; p < .01; m6MP: 47.4, 64.9, and 66.1 mg/m2/day; p = .03) or parents unemployed/not in workforce (unemployed/not in workforce vs. mixed vs. at work: mMTX: 15.0, 19.9, and 17.2 mg/m2/week; p < .01; m6MP: 54.8, 72.0, and 65.1 mg/m2/day; p < .01). When assessing family adherence by analyzing MTX and 6MP metabolite levels, including per prescribed dose of MTX and 6MP, we found no significant differences by levels of parental education, affiliation to work market, or income (p > .05 for all comparisons).ConclusionsThese results indicate that inferior physician compliance to protocol recommendations on drug dosage rather than families’ adherence to therapy may contribute to the association between socioeconomic position and cure rates in childhood ALL, although precise mechanisms remain to be explored.
Metabolite profiling reveals organ‐specific flavone accumulation in Scutellaria and identifies a scutellarin isomer isoscutellarein 8‐O‐β‐glucuronopyranoside
Authors: Askey Bryce C. , Liu Dake , Rubin Garret M. , Kunik Andrew R. , Song Yeong Hun , Ding Yousong , Kim Jeongim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScutellaria is a genus of plants containing multiple species with well‐documented medicinal effects. S. baicalensis and S. barbata are among the best‐studied Scutellaria species, and previous works have established flavones to be the primary source of their bioactivity. Recent genomic and biochemical studies with S. baicalensis and S. barbata have advanced our understanding of flavone biosynthesis in Scutellaria. However, as over several hundreds of Scutellaria species occur throughout the world, flavone biosynthesis in most species remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed organ‐specific flavone profiles of seven Scutellaria species, including S. baicalensis, S. barbata, and two species native to the Americas (S. wrightii to Texas and S. racemosa to Central and South America). We found that the roots of almost all these species produce only 4′‐deoxyflavones, while 4′‐hydroxyflavones are accumulated exclusively in their aerial parts. On the other hand, S. racemosa and S. wrightii also accumulated high levels of 4′‐deoxyflavones in their aerial parts, different with the flavone profiles of S. baicalensis and S. barbata. Furthermore, our metabolomics and NMR study identified the accumulation of isoscutellarein 8‐O‐β‐glucuronopyranoside, a rare 4′‐hydroxyflavone, in the stems and leaves of several Scutellaria species including S. baicalensis and S. barbata, but not in S. racemosa and S. wrightii. Distinctive organ‐specific metabolite profiles among Scutellaria species indicate the selectivity and diverse physiological roles of flavones.
Phytochemicals mediated modulation of microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs in cancer prevention and therapy
Authors: Ruiz‐Manriquez Luis M. , Estrada‐Meza Carolina , Benavides‐Aguilar Javier A. , Ledesma‐Pacheco S. Janin , Torres‐Copado Andrea , Serrano‐Cano Francisco I. , Bandyopadhyay Anindya , Pathak Surajit , Chakraborty Samik , Srivastava Aashish , Sharma Ashutosh , Paul Sujay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two main categories of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that can influence essential biological functions in various ways, as well as their expression and function are tightly regulated in physiological homeostasis. Additionally, the dysregulation of these ncRNAs seems to be crucial to the pathogenesis of human diseases. The latest findings indicate that ncRNAs execute vital roles in cancer initiation and progression, and the cancer phenotype can be reversed by modulating their expression. Available scientific discoveries suggest that phytochemicals such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and organosulfur compounds can significantly modulate multiple cancer‐associated miRNAs and lncRNAs, thereby inhibiting cancer initiation and development. However, despite promising outcomes of experimental research, only a few clinical trials are currently being conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of these compounds. Nevertheless, understanding phytochemical‐mediated ncRNA regulation in cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms on tumor pathophysiology can aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease.
Histopathological evaluation of cesarean scar defect in women with cesarean scar syndrome
Authors: Higuchi Asuka , Tsuji Shunichiro , Nobuta Yuri , Nakamura Akiko , Katsura Daisuke , Amano Tsukuru , Kimura Fuminori , Tanimura Satoshi , Murakami Takashi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the histopathological findings of cesarean scar defect (CSD) and the immunological component in women with cesarean scar syndrome (CSS).MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital and a public hospital. A total of 63 patients with secondary infertility due to CSS who underwent laparoscopic resection of the CSD lesion were enrolled (CSS group), and 21 patients who underwent hysterectomy with a history of cesarean section were enrolled as control (non‐CSS group). We compared the differences in histopathological findings of CSD lesions by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD20, CD56, CD68, CD138, myeloperoxidase, and tryptase between the two groups.ResultsThe frequency of presence of endometrium on the CSD surface was significantly lower (p = 0.0023) and that of adenomyosis was significantly higher (p = 0.0195) in the CSS group than in the non‐CSS group. The number of CD3‐, CD20‐, CD68‐, and tryptase‐positive cells was significantly lower in the CSS group than in the non‐CSS group; however, the number of CD138‐positive cells was significantly higher in the CSS group (p = 0.0042).ConclusionsThis study suggested that the absence of endometrium, presence of adenomyosis, and chronic inflammation in CSD contributes to secondary infertility due to CSS.
Cover crops can increase ammonia volatilization and reduce the efficacy of urease inhibitors
Authors: Kulesza Stephanie B. , Woodley Alex L. , Heather Kayleigh , Kilroy Grace 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurface application of urea can result in high nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3) volatilization. While management practices aim to increase the efficiency of nutrient cycling and prevent N loss, it is unknown whether the combination of multiple practices will have a synergistic or antagonistic effect. Therefore, laboratory volatilization studies were conducted to determine the effect of five cover crop treatments (surface clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.] and rye [Secale cereale L.], incorporated clover and rye, and bare soil), three N application timings (2, 4, and 8 wk after cover crop addition), and two N sources (untreated and treated urea) on the effectiveness of a urease inhibitor. Soils were incubated according to N application timing treatment, amended with the appropriate N source, and placed in chambers which captured NH3 over 7 d. There were significant interactions between cover crop treatment and N source and N source and N application timing on cumulative NH3 loss, ranging from 29 to 174 kg N ha−1. Losses were highest from treated urea when applied 2 wk after residue addition (75.9 kg N ha−1) or on top of surface residues (85.8 kg N ha−1). There was no significant effect of application timing on cumulative NH3 loss from untreated urea. However, inhibitor effectiveness did increase when residue was applied eight weeks after residue addition (77%) as compared with 2 wk after residue addition (45%). Future research should focus on alternate dosing or application timing to overcome high residue scenarios in these systems.
FAM83A has a pro‐tumor function in ovarian cancer by affecting the Akt/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhao Juan , Zhao Fan , Yang Ting , Tian Sijuan , Zhao Minyi , Wang Shirui , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFamily with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A) is a tumor‐exclusive gene that has a vital role in numerous tumors. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. This work is dedicated to the study of the role of FAM83A in ovarian cancer. We observed elevated levels of FAM83A in ovarian cancer specimens and cells. Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that elevated FAM83A levels predicted a worse overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. The inhibition of FAM83A caused remarkable suppressive effects on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, and enhanced their chemosensitivity. On the contrary, the upregulation of FAM83A had opposite effects. Mechanistically, FAM83A had an effect on the Akt and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways in ovarian cancer cells. The repression of Akt could cancel the regulatory effect of FAM83A overexpression on the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, reactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway abolished FAM83A‐inhibition‐evoked antitumor effects. Additionally, FAM83A inhibition weakened the tumorigenic potential of ovarian cancer in vivo. Taken together, this work shows that FAM83A exerts a pro‐tumor function in ovarian cancer by affecting the Akt/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and proposes FAM83A as an effective and possible treatment target for ovarian cancer.
Changes in structural brain development after selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic twins
Authors: Groene S. G. , de Vries L. S. , Slaghekke F. , Haak M. C. , Heijmans B. T. , de Bruin C. , Roest A. A. W. , Lopriore E. , van Klink J. M. M. , Steggerda S. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesFetal growth restriction (FGR) may alter brain development permanently, resulting in lifelong structural and functional changes. However, in studies addressing this research question, FGR singletons have been compared primarily to matched appropriately grown singletons, a design which is inherently biased by differences in genetic and maternal factors. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a within‐pair comparison of neonatal structural cerebral ultrasound measurements in monochorionic twin pairs with selective FGR (sFGR).MethodsStructural cerebral measurements on neonatal cerebral ultrasound were compared between the smaller and larger twins of monochorionic twin pairs with sFGR, defined as a birth‐weight discordance (BWD) ≥ 20%, born in our center between 2010 and 2020. Measurements from each twin pair were also compared with those of an appropriately grown singleton, matched according to sex and gestational age at birth.ResultsIncluded were 58 twin pairs with sFGR, with a median gestational age at birth of 31.7 (interquartile range, 29.9–33.8) weeks and a median birth weight of 1155 g for the smaller twin and 1725 g for the larger twin (median BWD, 32%). Compared with both the larger twin and the singleton, the smaller twin had significantly smaller cerebral structures (corpus callosum, vermis, cerebellum), less white/deep gray matter and smaller intracranial surface area and volume. Intracranial‐volume discordance and BWD correlated significantly (R2 = 0.228, P < 0.0001). The median intracranial‐volume discordance was smaller than the median BWD (19% vs 32%, P < 0.0001). After correction for intracranial volume, only one of the observed differences (biparietal diameter) remained significant for the smaller twin vs both the larger twin and the singleton.ConclusionsIn monochorionic twins with sFGR, neonatal cerebral ultrasound reveals an overall, proportional restriction in brain growth, with smaller cerebral structures, less white/deep gray matter and smaller overall brain‐size parameters in the smaller twin. There was a positive linear relationship between BWD and intracranial‐volume discordance, with intracranial‐volume discordance being smaller than BWD. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Unilateral blindness associated with steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis in a 9‐month‐old Beagle
Authors: Tang Charis , Álvarez Patricia , Manning Susan , Wessmann Annette 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 9‐month‐old Beagle presented with a 24‐hour history of lethargy, pyrexia, and cervical and thoracolumbar pain. Cranial nerve examination revealed an absent menace response, an absent dazzle reflex, and absent direct and left‐to‐right consensual pupillary light reflexes in the left eye, indicating a non‐visual eye. Funduscopic examination and electroretinography were unremarkable. Complete blood profile showed moderate neutrophilia, monocytosis and elevated C‐reactive protein. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a neutrophilic pleocytosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head, thoracic and abdominal imaging, urinalysis, joint taps and infectious disease titres were unremarkable. A diagnosis of steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA) with left optic nerve involvement was concluded. Blindness has not been reported in cases with SRMA. An extension of the leptomeningeal inflammation into the optic nerve sheaths is hypothesized as the underlying pathophysiology. SRMA should be considered as a cause of blindness in the presence of other clinical signs compatible with this condition.
German banks’ behavior in the low interest rate environment
Authors: Busch Ramona , Littke Helge C. N. , Memmel Christoph , Niederauer Simon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing data from a quantitative survey of German banks at three points in time (2015, 2017 and 2019), we analyze the impact of changes in the interest rate level on banks’ net interest income and the countermeasures they take. A decline in the interest rate level has a more negative impact on net interest income, the longer the decline lasts and the lower the interest rate level is. This impact softens with increasing risk of changes in the present value of banking books. We do not find that banks generally increase their risks following a drop in income. However, poorly capitalized banks subsequently increase the credit risk of their bond portfolio. After a fall in operational income, banks increase their fee and commission income and reduce their costs. In addition, banks tend to extend their mortgage lending after a drop in their interest income.
Fracture Patterns in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Van Hulten V. , Rasmussen Nicklas , Driessen J.H.M. , Burden A.M. , Kvist A. , van den Bergh J.P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this narrative review, we have summarized the literature on fracture risk in T1DM and T2DM with a special focus on fracture site, time patterns, glucose-lowering drugs, and micro- and macrovascular complications.

Recent Findings
T1DM and T2DM were associated with an overall increased fracture risk, with preferent locations at the hip, vertebrae, humerus, and ankle in T1DM and at the hip, vertebrae, and likely humerus, distal forearm, and foot in T2DM. Fracture risk was higher with longer diabetes duration and the presence of micro- and macrovascular complications. In T2DM, fracture risk was higher with use of insulin, sulfonylurea, and thiazolidinediones and lower with metformin use.

Summary
The increased fracture risk in T1DM and T2DM concerns specific fracture sites, and is higher in subjects with longer diabetes duration, vascular complications, and in T2DM with the use of specific glucose-lowering medication.
The Memory-Undermining Effect of Simulated Crime-Related Amnesia and Its Legal Implications: a Review
Authors: Mangiulli Ivan , Riesthuis Paul , Otgaar Henry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPretending to suffer from amnesia for a mock crime has been shown to lead to memory impairments. Specifically, when people are asked to give up their role of simulators, they typically recall fewer crime-relevant details than those who initially confess to a crime. In the current review, we amassed all experimental work on this subject and assessed the characteristics of the memory-undermining effect of simulated amnesia for a crime procedure (i.e., crime stimuli, simulating amnesia instructions, memory tests, and memory outcomes). We specifically focused on the effect that crime-related amnesia claims may have on offenders’ final memory reports. Our review showed that simulators who initially claimed amnesia might paradoxically experience some sort of forgetting pertaining to crime-related information. This issue could likely lead to legal complications that need be taken into account in crime-related amnesia cases.
Mechanical properties of wire and arc additively manufactured high-strength steel structures
Authors: Müller Johanna , Hensel Jonas , Dilger Klaus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing with steel opens up new possibilities for the construction sector. Especially direct energy deposition processes like DED-arc, also known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), is capable of manufacturing large structures with a high degree of geometric freedom, which makes the process suitable for the manufacturing of force flow-optimized steel nodes and spaceframes. By the use of high strength steel, the manufacturing times can be reduced since less material needs to be deposited. To keep the advantages of the high strength steel, the effect of thermal cycling during WAAM needs to be understood, since it influences the phase transformation, the resulting microstructure, and hence the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, the influences of energy input, interpass temperature, and cooling rate were investigated by welding thin walled samples. From each sample, microsections were analyzed, and tensile test and Charpy-V specimens were extracted and tested. The specimens with an interpass temperature of 200 °C, low energy input and applied active cooling showed a tensile strength of ~ 860–900 MPa, a yield strength of 700–780 MPa, and an elongation at fracture between 17 and 22%. The results showed the formation of martensite for specimens with high interpass temperatures which led to low yield and high tensile strengths (Rp0.2 = 520–590 MPa, Rm = 780–940 MPa) for the specimens without active cooling. At low interpass temperatures, the increase of the energy input led to a decrease of the tensile and the yield strength while the elongation at fracture as well as the Charpy impact energy increased. The formation of upper bainite due to the higher energy input can be avoided by accelerated cooling while martensite caused by high interpass temperatures need to be counteracted by heat treatment.
The state of capacity development evaluation in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management
Authors: Sterling Eleanor J. , Sigouin Amanda , Betley Erin , Zavaleta Cheek Jennifer , Solomon Jennifer N. , Landrigan Kimberley , Porzecanski Ana L. , Bynum Nora , Cadena Bailey , Cheng Samantha H. , Clements Kaylin R. , Finchum Ryan , Geresy Mallory , Gomez Andrés , Groom Martha , Loffeld Thirza A. C. , Miller Daniel C. , Rakotobe Domoina , Rao Madhu , Roberts Ryan , Shinbrot Xoco Anna , Willigan Erin , Jones Megan S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCapacity development is critical to long-term conservation success, yet we lack a robust and rigorous understanding of how well its effects are being evaluated. A comprehensive summary of who is monitoring and evaluating capacity development interventions, what is being evaluated and how, would help in the development of evidence-based guidance to inform design and implementation decisions for future capacity development interventions and evaluations of their effectiveness. We built an evidence map by reviewing peer-reviewed and grey literature published since 2000, to identify case studies evaluating capacity development interventions in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management. We used inductive and deductive approaches to develop a coding strategy for studies that met our criteria, extracting data on the type of capacity development intervention, evaluation methods, data and analysis types, categories of outputs and outcomes assessed, and whether the study had a clear causal model and/or used a systems approach. We found that almost all studies assessed multiple outcome types: most frequent was change in knowledge, followed by behaviour, then attitude. Few studies evaluated conservation outcomes. Less than half included an explicit causal model linking interventions to expected outcomes. Half of the studies considered external factors that could influence the efficacy of the capacity development intervention, and few used an explicit systems approach. We used framework synthesis to situate our evidence map within the broader literature on capacity development evaluation. Our evidence map (including a visual heat map) highlights areas of low and high representation in investment in research on the evaluation of capacity development.
Aspect in Heritage Greek: evidence from elicited production and online judgments
Authors: Paspali Anastasia , Rizou Vasiliki , Alexiadou Artemis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study tests grammatical aspect in adult Heritage Speakers (HSs) of Greek in Germany (HSs-Germany) and the US (HSs-US), a topic which has not been investigated before for this language, exploring the role of the dominant language and the default value as an acquisition strategy. In an oral elicitation task (Experiment 1) targeting the production of aspectual marking in Greek, Greek monolinguals (MSs) and HSs-Germany exhibited ceiling performance, while HSs-US were significantly less accurate. Education in Greek reliably predicted their accuracy. In a speeded Grammaticality Judgment task (Experiment 2) targeting the comprehension of aspect in aGrammaticality x Aspectrepeated measures design, similar results were obtained for the grammatical conditions as in Experiment 1. In ungrammatical conditions, accuracy on aspect was affected for all groups, and this was more evident for HSs. HSs-US were overall less accurate with the morphologically marked form (perfective). Decision Times (DTs) revealed that only MSs and HSs-Germany were sensitive to aspect violations exhibiting longer DTs. Education in Greek reliably predicted accuracy and DTs. The results are discussed within the realm of heritage languages, language contact, and aspect acquisition in Greek bilingual populations. Finally, certain novel verbal forms produced by HSs are also discussed.