bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School subjects' synergy and teacher knowledge: Do biology and chemistry teachers benefit equally from their second subject?
Authors: Welter Virginia Deborah Elaine , Herzog Stefanie , Harms Ute , Steffensky Mirjam , Großschedl Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGerman preservice teachers always study two teaching subjects instead of only one. This offers an almost paradigmatic approach for the investigation of effects of specific subject combinations on professional competence. So far, few studies focused on potential beneficial effects or risks on preservice teachers' motivational orientations, beliefs, and professional knowledge. In our exploratory study, we chose a cross‐sectional quasi‐experimental design to compare preservice teachers studying a combination of biology and chemistry to those who study only one of these two subjects and any other, as it is expected that the differences between less similar subjects (such as chemistry and art) are greater than those between two science subjects. A total ofN = 570 preservice teachers with a minimum of one of their subjects being biology or chemistry were recruited in 12 universities in Germany. Nonparametric analyses using Westenberg–Mood's median test show that preservice teachers studying both biology and chemistry score significantly different on some central aspects of professional competence compared to those who study only one of the two subjects and any other. However, advantages regarding motivational orientations and professional knowledge can only be found for the domain of biology, whereas in the domain of chemistry it does not seem to matter which second subject is studied beside chemistry. Furthermore, students taking both sciences show a significantly lower educational motivation and corresponding self‐concept, suggesting that dual science students' teaching and learning beliefs are less education‐focused than those of students combining one science with a social or language subject. Our findings regarding synergy effects of the dual study of different natural sciences on aspects of professional knowledge can be relevant beyond the specific German context, that is, they can help to supplement or restructure a university curriculum.
Combined lead and zincoxide‐nanoparticlesinduced thyroid toxicity through8‐OHdGoxidative stress‐mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and Nrf2 activation in rats
Authors: Khayal Eman El‐Sayed , Ibrahim Hanaa M. , Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Alabiad Mohamed Ali , El‐Sheikh Arwa A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA human is exposed to a chemical mixture rather than a single chemical, particularly with the wide spread of nanomaterials. Therefore, the present study evaluated the combined exposure of lead acetate (Pb) and zinc oxide‐nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) compared to each metal alone on the thyroid gland of adult rats. A total of 30 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, group I (control), group II received Pb (10 mg/kg), group III received ZnO‐NPs (85 mg/kg) and group IV co‐administrated the two metals in the same previous doses. The materials were gavaged for 8 weeks. The toxicity was assessed through several biochemical parameters. Our results revealed significant body weight reduction relative to increased thyroid weights, decreased both of serum‐free triiodothyronine (FT3), tetra‐iodothyronine (FT4), increased thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), increased serum and thyroid levels of Pb and zinc, significant elevation in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), reduction in interleukin 4 (IL4), upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl‐2 genes. Additionally, there was significant overexpression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2(Nrf2), 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8‐OHdG), the elevation of tissues malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction of tissues total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and disruptive thyroid structural alterations in all metals groups with marked changes in the combined metals group. In conclusion, the combined exposure of Pb and ZnO‐NPs induced pronounced toxic thyroid injury, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual metal effects through different significant changes of disruptive thyroid structural alterations related to the loading of thyroid tissues with Pb and zinc metals producing oxidative stress that mediated inflammation and apoptosis.
Exploring farmers’ understanding of and responses to endemic animal health and welfare issues in the UK
Authors: Mahon Niamh , Clark Beth , Proctor Amy , Holloway Lewis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis paper uses two endemic health conditions to explore farmer understandings of and responses to livestock health and welfare issues.MethodsThe findings are based on a survey of 42 livestock farmers in the north of England, exploring how they manage lameness in sheep and cattle and bovine viral diarrhoea in cattle. We identify similarities and differences in their approaches.ResultsTwo themes emerge. (1) The importance of difference between animal types (i.e., beef cattle, dairy cattle and sheep), which highlights the ‘complex’ and ‘multifactorial’ nature of animal health and welfare. It is necessary to unpack this to understand the interplay of animal, resource and management issues in farmer responses. (2) Previous research has identified ‘lack of knowledge’ as a key welfare issue. Our findings reveal farmers are in fact seeking, acquiring and sharing knowledge on practices related to the management of animal health however individual circumstance and context influence how this translates in practice.ConclusionOur research highlights the importance of integrating different perspectives and knowledges as a way of understanding and responding to animal health and welfare concerns. Facilitating knowledge exchange both within and between different groups and sectors is vital in achieving this.
Fe-doped effects on phase transition and electronic structure of CeO2 under compressed conditions from ab initio calculations
Authors: Sathupun Karnchana , Kotmool Komsilp , Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Pluengphon Prayoonsak , Majumdar Arnab , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAb initio study of high-pressure phase transition and electronic structure of Fe-doped CeO2 with Fe concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 at% has been reported. At a constant-pressure consideration, the lattice constants and the volume of the supercell were decreased with an increasing concentration of Fe. The average bond length of Fe–O is lower than that of Ce–O. As a result, Fe doping induces the reduced volume of the cell, which is in good agreement with previous experiments. At high pressure (~ 30 GPa), it was found that the transition pressure from the fluorite to the cotunnite orthorhombic phase decreases at a higher concentration of Fe, indicating that the formation energy of the compound is induced by Fe-doping. Furthermore, compression leads to interesting electronic properties too. Under higher pressures, the bandgap increases in the cubic structure under compression and then suddenly plummets after the transition to the orthorhombic phase. The 3d states of Fe mainly induced the impurity states in the bandgap. In both the undoped and Fe-doped systems, the bandgap increased in the cubic phase at high pressure, while the gap and p-d hybridization decrease in the orthorhombic phase.
Predicting motor behavior: an efficient EEG signal processing pipeline to detect brain states with potential therapeutic relevance for VR-based neurorehabilitation
Authors: McDermott Eric J. , Metsomaa Johanna , Belardinelli Paolo , Grosse-Wentrup Moritz , Ziemann Ulf , Zrenner Christoph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVirtual reality (VR)-based motor therapy is an emerging approach in neurorehabilitation. The combination of VR with electroencephalography (EEG) presents further opportunities to improve therapeutic efficacy by personalizing the paradigm. Specifically, the idea is to synchronize the choice and timing of stimuli in the perceived virtual world with fluctuating brain states relevant to motor behavior. Here, we present an open source EEG single-trial based classification pipeline that is designed to identify ongoing brain states predictive of the planning and execution of movements. 9 healthy volunteers each performed 1080 trials of a repetitive reaching task with an implicit two-alternative forced choice, i.e., use of the right or left hand, in response to the appearance of a visual target. The performance of the EEG decoding pipeline was assessed with respect to classification accuracy of right vs. left arm use, based on the EEG signal at the time of the stimulus. Different features, feature extraction methods, and classifiers were compared at different time windows; the number and location of informative EEG channels and the number of calibration trials needed were also quantified, as well as any benefits from individual-level optimization of pipeline parameters. This resulted in a set of recommended parameters that achieved an average 83.3% correct prediction on never-before-seen testing data, and a state-of-the-art 77.1% in a real-time simulation. Neurophysiological plausibility of the resulting classifiers was assessed by time–frequency and event-related potential analyses, as well as by Independent Component Analysis topographies and cortical source localization. We expect that this pipeline will facilitate the identification of relevant brain states as prospective therapeutic targets in closed-loop EEG-VR motor neurorehabilitation.
Recovery of right ventricular function and strain in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and concurrent chronic total occlusion
Authors: van Veelen Anna , Elias Joëlle , van Dongen Ivo M. , Hoebers Loes P. C. , Claessen Bimmer E. P. M. , Ramunddal Truls , Laanmets Peep , Eriksen Erlend , van der Schaaf René J. , Nijveldt Robin , Henriques Jose P. S. , Hirsch Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe right ventricle (RV) is frequently involved in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when the culprit or concurrent chronic total occlusion (CTO) is located in the right coronary artery (RCA). We investigated RV function recovery in STEMI-patients with concurrent CTO. In EXPLORE, STEMI-patients with concurrent CTO were randomized to CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or no CTO-PCI. We analyzed 174 EXPLORE patients with serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging RV data (baseline and 4-month follow-up), divided into three groups: CTO-RCA (CTO in RCA, culprit in non-RCA; n = 89), IRA-RCA (infarct related artery [IRA] in RCA, CTO in non-RCA; n = 56), and no-RCA (culprit and CTO not in RCA; n = 29). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV ejection fraction (RVEF), RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS) were measured. We found that RV strain and TAPSE improved in IRA-RCA and CTO-RCA (irrespective of CTO-PCI) at follow-up, but not in no-RCA. Only RV FWLS was different among groups at baseline, which was lower in IRA-RCA than no-RCA (− 26.0 ± 8.3% versus − 31.0 ± 6.4%, p = 0.006). Baseline RVEF, RV end-diastolic volume and TAPSE were associated with RVEF at 4 months. RV function parameters were not predictive of 4 year mortality, although RV GLS showed additional predictive value for New York Heart Association Classification > 1 at 4 months. In conclusion, RV parameters significantly improved in patients with acute or chronic RCA occlusion, but not in no-RCA patients. RV FWLS was the only RV parameter able to discriminate between acute ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium. Moreover, RV GLS was independently predictive for functional status.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Parents Following Their Child’s Single-Event Trauma: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Rates and Risk Factor Correlates
Authors: Wilcoxon Lucy A. , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Burgess Aaron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvidence suggests parents of children who experience a trauma may develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can have significant consequences for their own and their child’s functioning. As such, identifying the rates and possible correlates for the development of PTSD in parents is of clinical and theoretical importance, and would enhance our understanding of how best to support families in the aftermath of trauma. This meta-analysis of 41 studies (n = 4370) estimated the rate of PTSD in parents following their child’s single-incident trauma to be 17.0% (95% CI 14.1–20.0%); when removing samples which were mixed, or not exclusively single-incident traumas the prevalence estimate dropped to 14.4% (95% CI 10.8–18.5%). Pooled effect sizes of 32 potential correlates for parents developing PTSD were also identified. Medium-to-large effects were found for factors relating to the parent’s post-traumatic cognition, psychological functioning and coping strategies alongside child PTSD. Small effects were found for pre-trauma factors, objective trauma-related variables and demographic factors for both parent and child. Results are consistent with cognitive models of PTSD, suggesting peri- and post-trauma factors are likely to play a substantial role in its development. These findings indicate the clinical need for screening parents most vulnerable to adverse post-traumatic reactions within the context of child trauma and tailoring interventions to include the family where necessary.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis in Asian and European Asparagus subgenus species
Authors: Mousavizadeh Seyyed Javad , Gil Juan , Castro Patricia , Hassandokht Mohammad Reza , Moreno Roberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGarden asparagus (Asparagus officinalisL.) is a diploid (2n = 2x = 20), perennial and dioecious species belonging toAsparagussubgenus and worldwide cultivated as a vegetable crop. A narrow genetic base has been pointed out for the current cultivars. Crop wild related species (CWR) could be a valuable genetic resource in this crop but they have been underused up to now. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships between CWR asparagus species from different origin andA. officinalisL., 12 EST-SSR markers were used to assess the genetic variability of 20 accessions. These accessions belong to 10Asparagusspp. fromAsparagussubgenus including wild and naturalizedA. officinalisL. (2x, 4x, 8x, 10x) and CWR species with European (A. tenuifoliusLam. (2x),A. pseudoscaberGrec. (6x),A. macrorrhizusPedrol & al. (12x), A. prostratusDumort (4x),A. brachyphyllusTurcz. (6x),A. maritimus(L.) Mill. (6x)) and Asian distribution (A. verticillatusL. (2x), A. persicusBaker (2x),A. breslerianusSchult. & Schult. (8x)).A. albusL. (2x) from theProtasparagussubgenus was used as outgroup. As a result, a total of 248 alleles were obtained and specific alleles of accessions were detected among them. After cluster analysis the accessions did not group by their geographical origin. All wild polyploid accessions with European and Asian distributions were grouped together withA. officinalisL. Hence, that cluster could be considered as the ‘officinalisgroup’ suggesting a monophyletic origin. The diploid accessions ofA. verticillatusL. andA. persicusBaker clustered together and were the most genetically distant respect to ‘officinalisgroup’. The results obtained in this study may provide useful information to design new crosses among accessions aimed to develop new asparagus germplasm or pre-breeding populations.
Provisioning an Early City: Spatial Equilibrium in the Agricultural Economy at Angkor, Cambodia
Authors: Klassen Sarah , Ortman Scott G. , Lobo José , Evans Damian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA dominant view in economic anthropology is that farmers must overcome decreasing marginal returns in the process of intensification. However, it is difficult to reconcile this view with the emergence of urban systems, which require substantial increases in labor productivity to support a growing non-farming population. This quandary is starkly posed by the rise of Angkor (Cambodia, 9th–fourteenth centuries CE), one of the most extensive preindustrial cities yet documented through archaeology. Here, we leverage extensive documentation of the Greater Angkor Region to illustrate how the social and spatial organization of agricultural production contributed to its food system. First, we find evidence for supra-household-level organization that generated increasing returns to farming labor. Second, we find spatial patterns which indicate that land-use choices took transportation costs to the urban core into account. These patterns suggest agricultural production at Angkor was organized in ways that are more similar to other forms of urban production than to a smallholder system.
Recent advances in electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer composites—a topical review
Authors: Mikinka E. , Siwak M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding has become a rapidly emerging field. This state-of-the-art review summarises all the recent research advancements in the field of electromagnetic shielding properties of CFRP composites, with exclusive attention paid to experimental work. It focuses on (1) important mechanisms and physical phenomena in the shielding process for anisotropic carbon-fibre composites and (2) shielding performance of CFRP materials as reported in the literature, with important performance-affecting parameters. The key properties which directly influence the shielding performance are identified, the most critical being the carbon-fibre concentration along with length for discontinuous carbon-fibre-filled polymers and the lay-up for continuous carbon-fibre-reinforced composites. The effect of adding conductive inclusions such as metal or carbon nanotubes is also reviewed. It is emphasised that processing conditions are strongly linked with the shielding properties of a composite. This is a first review, which covers all the recent advancements in the field of shielding properties of carbon-fibre-reinforced composites, with detailed analysis of factors influencing these properties and clear distinction between continuous and discontinuous reinforcement. It is shown that CFRP composites make a good candidate as an EMI shielding enclosure material.
Studying Chinese Foreign Policy Narratives: Introducing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Press Conferences Corpus
Authors: Mochtak Michal , Turcsanyi Richard Q. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper presents an original corpus of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs press conferences. The dataset is a unique source of information on official positions and diplomatic narratives of China mapping almost two decades of its foreign policy discourse. The corpus contains almost 23,000 question – answer dyads from 2002 to 2020 ready to be used for analytical purposes. We argue the dataset is an important contribution to the scholarship on Chinese foreign policy stimulating further research using corpus based methods while employing both qualitative and quantitative strategies. We demonstrate possible applications of the corpus with two case studies: first maps the diplomatic discourse towards the US under the presidency of Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping (employing quantitative tools), while second analyzes narratives concerning the South China Sea disputes (employing more qualitative approach).
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy: basic principles, current advances, and future prospects in neuro-oncology
Authors: Yoo Hyeon Joo , Harapan Biyan Nathanael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith recent advances, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has become a promising modality for patients with refractory cancer diseases. The successful results of CAR T cell therapy in relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies shifted the paradigm of cancer immunotherapy by awakening the scientific, clinical, and commercial interest in translating this technology for the treatment of solid cancers. This review elaborates on fundamental principles of CAR T cell therapy (development of CAR construct, challenges of CAR T cell therapy) and its application on solid tumors as well as CAR T cell therapy potential in the field of neuro-oncology. Glioblastoma (GBM) is identified as one of the most challenging solid tumors with a permissive immunological milieu and dismal prognosis. Standard multimodal treatment using maximal safe resection, radiochemotherapy, and maintenance chemotherapy extends the overall survival beyond a year. Recurrence is, however, inevitable. GBM holds several unique features including its vast intratumoral heterogeneity, immunosuppressive environment, and a partially permissive anatomic blood–brain barrier, which offers a unique opportunity to investigate new treatment approaches. Tremendous efforts have been made in recent years to investigate novel CAR targets and target combinations with standard modalities for solid tumors and GBM to improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we outline the history of CAR immunotherapy development, relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR T cells as well as preclinical approaches in combination with adjunct approaches via checkpoint inhibition, bispecific antibodies, and second-line systemic therapies that enhance anticancer efficacy of the CAR-based cancer immunotherapy.
Influence of Seascape on Coastal Lagoon Fisheries: the Role of Habitat Mosaic in the Venice Lagoon
Authors: Scapin Luca , Zucchetta Matteo , Pranovi Fabio , Franzoi Piero 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFisheries are a staple human activity supported by coastal lagoons. Together with water quality and trophic status, lagoon morphology is acknowledged as one of the main ecological drivers of fishery yields; however, the role of lagoon seascape structure is still poorly understood. This paper investigates how morphological variables, habitat distribution and seascape diversity and complexity affect yields of artisanal fishery performed with fyke nets in the Venice Lagoon (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy). Two spatial scales were considered in the analysis, with water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, water residence times, N, P and chlorophyll-a concentrations) being measured at a fine, fyke-net scale and morphological (average bottom elevation and sediment grain size) and habitat features (habitat proportion, diversity and complexity) being measured at a broader, seascape scale. Generalised linear mixed models were employed to model 8 years of nekton and green crab catches, disentangling the role of broad-scale morphology and seascape from that of fine-scale water quality. Broad-scale variables clearly influenced fishery target species. Among them, lagoon residents were associated with specific morphological and habitat characteristics, while marine migrants showed a stronger link with overall habitat diversity and complexity. This evidence emphasises how artisanal fishery in the Venice Lagoon relies on the conservation of morphological and habitat heterogeneity. Moreover, it highlights how habitat restoration performed at the seascape level should also be taken into account, in addition to controlling hydrology and water quality, when managing fishery resources in coastal lagoons.