bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Adsorption Applications of Composite Biochars of Clay Minerals and Biomass
Authors: Gao Lihui , Goldfarb Jillian L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Composite mineral-biochars of a homogeneous biomass (cellulose) and heterogeneous biomass (oak leaves) were fabricated with either 5wt% or 10wt% minerals (montmorillonite (MMT), kaolinite, and sand), and then pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 60 min. Characterizations including proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, surface area and porosity, morphology and surface chemistry confirmed that minerals were present on the surface of biochar, and MMT/kaolinite-biochar composites showed a strengthening in the chars’ aromatic structures, as well as increases in oxygen-containing surface functional groups. Methylene blue adsorption isotherms indicated that the MMT/kaolinite-biochars had higher adsorption capacities than pure biomass or biomass-sand biochars (110 mgMB/gchar and 24 mgMB/gchar for MMT-cellulose char and cellulose char, respectively). A multilinear model relating adsorption capacity and adsorbent properties was developed to measure the relative contribution of biochar properties to adsorption behavior. The model indicates that pore volume and hydrogen bonding were the dominant properties in controlling the adsorption of methylene blue onto the biochars. Findings from this work indicate that composite biochars prepared from biomass and inexpensive clay minerals are a promising adsorbent for remediating organic contaminants from water.
Gallbladder Polyps With Metabolic Comorbidities Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Korean Adults
Authors: Lee Yong-Jae , Park Byoungjin , Hong Kyung-Won , Jung Dong-Hyuk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of gallbladder (GB) polyps, as a surrogate metabolic indicator, on incident ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We also assessed the combined effects of GB polyps and comorbidities on the risk of developing IHD.Methods: We enrolled 19,612 participants from the health risk assessment study and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The control group without GB polyps consisted of 18,413 patients, and the GB polyp group comprised 1,119 patients. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD according to the presence of GB polyps using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The prevalence of newly developed IHD was 2.4% during an average follow-up period of 50 months. Individuals with GB polyps had an increased risk of IHD compared with the control group after adjusting for potential confounding variables (HR = 1.425; 95% CI, 1.028–1.975). Furthermore, the coexistence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia resulted in an increased risk (HR = 2.14, 95% CI, 1.34–3.44 or HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.32–3.31, respectively) of new-onset IHD in the GB polyp group. However, this cumulative effect was observed only in patients with impaired fasting blood glucose (HR=1.86, 95% CI, 1.06–3.26), but not in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The presence of GB polyps was positively associated with increased risk of developing IHD and was independent of cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, GB polyps in patients with impaired fasting blood glucose increased the risk of IHD as those in the presence of the comorbidities hypertension or dyslipidaemia.
CENPL, ISG20L2, LSM4 , MRPL3 Are Four Novel Hub Genes and May Serve as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yin Jinbao , Lin Chen , Jiang Meng , Tang Xinbin , Xie Danlin , jingwen chen , Ke Rongqin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a highly prevalent disease among women worldwide, breast cancer remains in urgent need of further elucidation its molecular mechanisms to improve the patient outcomes. Identifying hub genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer can potentially help to unveil mechanism and also provide novel diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this study, we integrated multiple bioinformatic methods and RNA in situ detection technology to identify and validate hub genes. EZH2 was recognized as a key gene by PPI network analysis. CENPL, ISG20L2, LSM4, MRPL3 were identified as four novel hub genes through the WGCNA analysis and literate search. Among these, many studies on EZH2 in breast cancer have been reported, but no studies are related to the roles of CENPL, ISG20L2, MRPL3 and LSM4 in breast cancer. These four novel hub genes were up-regulated in tumor tissues and associated with cancer progression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that these four hub genes are promising candidate genes that can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Moreover, these four newly identified hub genes as aberrant molecules in the maintenance of breast cancer development, their exact functional mechanisms deserve further in-depth study.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nonoperative Management Versus Open and Laparoscopic Surgery for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in Colombia.
Authors: Guevara-Cuellar Cesar Augusto , Rengifo-Mosquera María Paula , Parody-Rúa Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraditionally, uncomplicated acute appendicitis (AA) has been treated with appendectomy. However, the surgical alternatives might carry out significant complications, impaired quality of life, and higher costs than nonoperative treatment. In consequence it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the different therapeutic alternatives in patients diagnosed with uncomplicated appendicitis. MethodsWe performed a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis comparing nonoperative management (NOM) with open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in patients otherwise healthy adults aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of uncomplicated AA in the Colombian health system. The time horizon was five years. A discount rate of 5% was applied to both costs and outcomes. The health outcomes were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs were identified, quantified, and valorized from a payer perspective; therefore, only direct health costs were included. An incremental analysis was estimated to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). In addition, the net monetary benefit (NMB) was calculated for each alternative using a willingness to pay lower than a one gross domestic product. A deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsLA presents a lower cost ($ 363±35) than OA ($ 384±41) and NOM ($392±44). NOM exhibited higher QALYs (3.3332±0.0276) in contrast with LA (3.3310± 0.057) and OA (3.3261±0.0707). LA dominated the OA. The ICER between LA and NOM was $24 000/QALY. LA has a 52% probability of generating the highest NMB versus its counterparts, followed by NOM (30%) and OA (18%). There is a probability of 0.69 that laparoscopy generates more significant benefit than medical management. The mean value of that incremental NMB would be $93.7 per patient.ConclusionsLA is more likely to produce more significant monetary benefits than NOM and OA in uncomplicated AA. This feature becomes the most efficient alternative as long as the conditions for its adequate performance exist. However, NOM may be a more acceptable alternative from the patient's perspective or when only the OA option is available.
Joint DNA-based Disaster Victim Identification
Authors: Vigeland Magnus Dehli , Egeland Thore 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We address computational and statistical aspects of DNA-based identification of victims in the aftermath of disasters. Current methods and software for such identification typically consider each victim individually, leading to suboptimal power of identification and potential inconsistencies in the statistical summary of the evidence. We resolve these problems by performing joint identification of all victims, using the complete genetic data set. Individual identification probabilities, conditional on all available information, are derived from the joint solution in the form of posterior pairing probabilities.
A closed formula is obtained for the a priori number of possible joint solutions to a given DVI problem. This number increases quickly with the number of victims and missing persons, posing computational challenges for brute force approaches. We address this complexity with a preparatory sequential step aiming to reduce the search space. The examples show that realistic cases are handled efficiently. User-friendly implementations of all methods are provided in the R package dvir, freely available on all platforms.
Prediction of Geometrical Characteristics and Process Parameter Optimization of Laser Deposition AISI 316 Steel Using Fuzzy Inference
Authors: Velázquez Daniel René Tasé , Helleno André Luís , Fals Hipólito Carvajal , Santos Raphael Galdino dos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process is an additive manufacturing technique that has attracted the interest of the automotive and aerospace industries due to its ability to manufacture parts with complex geometries and different types of metallic materials. However, the structure of the deposited layers and the geometrical characteristics of the manufactured parts are influenced by the interaction among the deposition process parameters. In this paper, fuzzy inference (FIS) technique was used to develop two models for predicting the geometrical characteristics and, for optimizing the LMD process parameters using AISI 316 stainless steel powder and substrate. An experimental design, based on factorial analysis, was used to correlate the influence of selected deposition process parameters, laser power (Lp), powder flow (Pf) and focal length (Fl) with the process geometrical characteristics bead height (Bh), bead width (Bw), depth of penetration (Dp), dilution (d) and wetting angle (wa). The factors Lp and Fl were used with three operating levels each: Lp = 225 W, 250 W, 275 W, and Fl = 4.8 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.2 mm. The factor Pf was used with two levels, 9.40 g/s and 13.35 g/s. Analysis of variance allowed identifying that the Pf affect the Bh, Bh/Bw ratio, d and wa. The increase in Laser power (Lp) resulted in an increase of the geometric characteristics Bw and Dp. The first FIS, for predicting the bead’s geometrical characteristics, presented high adequacy (relative error up to 8.43 %) for assessing the experimental conditions. The second FIS indicated the best possible interaction, given the studied operating conditions and the variables evaluated. The maximum Output Defuzzified Index (ODI = 0.845) was obtained with the deposition process parameters Lp = 250 W, Fl = 5 mm, and Pf = 9.40 g/s.
Design and Introduction of Thermal Collection Network (TCN) for the Thermal Management in 3-D IC Structures
Authors: Patil Chandrashekhar , M.S Suma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Power in Watts of the chip, per unit area is growing exponentially in the electronic industry. At the same time, thermal problems becoming side effects of huge power consumption. Continuous efforts are getting made to remove the thermal problems of electronic packaging and systems. Thermal problems if not alleviated or suppressed, will lead the dielectric breakdown, electromigration, material creep, thermal cycling, chemical reactions, board warpage, performance drift, indirect heating, and many more problems. Likewise, a dedicated Power Delivery/distribution Network (PDN), can deliver the power to the chip base, this paper has introduced a new methodology of a dedicated Thermal Collection Network (TCN) in the same Back End Of Line (BEOL) area of the System in Package (SiP), System on Chip (SOC) and any other power-consuming chips. Adding a Thermal Through Silicon Via (TTSV) is another advantage in it. Using such an apparatus or methodology connected to TTSV will quickly pump-up the thermal energy to the heat-sink-fan assembly. Hence, preempting of heat from its sources can manage the thermal problems inside the chips or 3-D IC structures. The methodology uses the same copper metal stripes inside the Inter-Layer/Level-Dielectric (ILD), which will not lead to any extra copper to introduce more Coefficient of Thermal Efficiency (CTE) mismatch problems. It would be considered as one among the other metal stripes. The experimental results using the Finite Element Method (FEM) tool shown that 32% heat suction occurs in the TCNs, in monolithic ICs, and 11% in 3-D IC structures, compared to without such an approach. The junction temperature remained at 35%, with and without such an approach, in 3-D IC structures. This might lead to a new methodology for designing electronic chips and 3-D IC structures, in the future.
Endoscopic Management of Complicated High-Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux in the First Year of Life
Authors: TEKIN ALI , Tiryaki Sibel , Yağmur İsmail , Kılıç Özge , Avanoğlu Ali , Ulman İbrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose:The treatment of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux in infants is controversial. Subureteric injection has been tried recently with its advantage of easy application and less invasiveness. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of endoscopic sub-ureteric injection to correct high-grade reflux in infants with documented indications for anti-reflux surgery.Materials and Methods:Hospital records of high-grade (grade 4-5) VUR patients who had undergone endoscopic sub-ureteric injection in the first year of life with documented breakthrough infections, between 2009-2016 were reviewed. Radiologic success was defined as complete resolution of reflux in VCUG obtained at least three months after the injection and clinical success was defined as the downgrading of reflux degree below three and absence of urinary infection.Results:A total of 23 patients with 34 high-grade refluxing units were included in the study. The mean age at first injection was 6.3±1.8 months (1-11 months). Radiologic success rate with initial injection was 61.7% and increased to 85.2% after repeated injections. The overall clinical success rate at first injection was 70.6% and 97.1% after repeated injections. Mean injected material volume was 0.34±0.27 (0.1-1) ml per ureter. Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment is a successful alternative in infants with high-grade vesicoureteral reflux suffering breakthrough infections.
Dendrites Nanostructures of Co3O4 for the Selective Determination of Uric Acid
Authors: Lal Ramesh , Bhattia Bhajan Lal , Alsalme Ali M. , Al-Othman Asma A. , Nafady Ayman , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The gout is mainly found due to accumulation of uric acid crystals into the joints which produces the inflammatory symptoms. Thus, it is highly demanded to detect uric acid from our body. Herein, we used wet chemical method for the preparation of composite material of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) with hydroxide functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the composite material. The Co3O4 exhibits a dendrite morphology and very well chemically coupled with MWCNTs. The elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Co, O and C as main constituent of the composite material. The Co3O4 exhibits a cubic unit cell crystallography in the composite system. The FTIR study has revealed the characteristic bands of Co-O bands in the composite material. The cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical properties of prepared materials. The composite sample with highest percentage of MWCNTs showed an excellent electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of uric acid in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.3. The enzyme free uric acid sensor possessed a linear range of 0.1 mM to 3 mM with a quantified limit of detection of 0.005 mM. The modified electrode is stable, selective, and very sensitive towards uric acid, therefore it may be used for the monitoring of uric acid from clinical samples. The proposed composite material is low cost, and earth abundant, thus it can be of great interest for energy and biomedical fields.
Discrepancy of Karyotype and CMA /NGS in PGD Patient with Cryptical Complex Chromosomal Rearrangement
Authors: WANG TING , Chen Hanbiao , Lu Jian , Huang Weiwei , Huang Huamei , Chen Chuangqi , Guo Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) is a structural rearrangement involving more than two breakpoints. CCR carriers are at high risk for phenotypic abnormalities or reproductive failure, such as chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses and infertility.Methods: We presented a carriers with chromosome (3,18) apparent balanced translocation diagnosed in eleswhere, whose fetus had duplications in chromosome 3 and deletions in chromosome 10 demonstrated by chromosome microarray analysis(CMA). Results: Through the high resolution of GTG-banding, a cryptical translocation in chromosome 10 was found and the karyotype of the carrier was revised as 46,XY,t(3;10;18) (p26.3;q26.1;q21.1).In the cycle of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD),21 oocytes were retrieved, and 15 were fertilized. At last 7 embryos were biospied and sent to diagnosis by next generation sequencing(NGS).Unfortunately, none of the NGS results from the 7 biopsy embryos were normal. Combining previous literature and our results, we assessed the odds of a balanced embryo in a CCR carrier to be about 9.3%(28/302).The transferable embryo rate was approximately 71.4%(20/28) and healthy live born delivery rate was 55%(11/20).Conclusions: NGS and CMA featured high automation, relatively low cost, high throughput, and high repeatability, which made them commonly used during prenatal diagnosis and PGD. The multiple technology combination can provide more accurate diagnosis and better fertility services for CCR patients.
Invariant Solutions and Bifurcation Analysis of the Nonlinear Transmission Line Model
Authors: Kumar Sachin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear transmission line model with the power law nonlinearity and the constant capacitance and voltage relationship is studied using Lie symmetry analysis. Corre- sponding to the infinitesimals obtained, using commutation relations, abelian and non abelian Lie subalgebras are obtained. Also, using the adjoint table, the one dimensional optimal system of subalgebra is presented. Based on the optimal system, corresponding Lie symmetry reduc- tions are obtained. Moreover, variety of new similarity solutions in the form of trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions are obtained. Corresponding to one similarity reduction, by bifurcation of dynamical system, the stable and unstable regions are determined, which show the existence of soliton solutions from the nonlinear dynamics view point. Some of the obtained solutions are represented graphically and observations are also discussed.
Successful Outcomes of Single‐Port Insufflation Endoscopic Breast‐Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Zi-Han , Wu Shan-Shan , Gang Tian-Ran , Gao Guo-Xuan , Xie Fang , Qu Xiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PurposeIn the surgical treatment of breast cancer, the goal of surgeons is to continuously create and improve minimally invasive surgical methods to increase the quality of life of the patient. Currently, routine breast-conserving surgery is performed using two obvious incisions. Here, we compare the clinical efficacy and aesthetic perspectives between a novel technique using one incision called single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery and conventional breast-conserving surgery in early stage breast cancer.MethodsA total of 180 patients with stage I or stage II breast cancer participated in this study. Single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery was performed on 63 patients, while conventional breast-conserving surgery was performed on 117 patients. The evaluation of the aesthetic outcome was carried out by the BREAST-Q scale. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the risk of local recurrence and metastasis.ResultsThere were significant differences between the two groups for chest well-being, psychological well-being, and adverse effects of radiation. The scores for satisfaction of breasts and sexual well-being showed no statistical differences between the two groups. There was no statistical significance in local recurrence or metastasis between the two groups. Single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery did not increase the risk of local recurrence or metastasis.ConclusionThe novel surgical technique, single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery, is a feasible and safe surgery and has advantages in terms of cosmetic outcome and psychological status.
Impact of Endometriosis on Pregnancy and Delivery – a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Schäfer Sebastian Daniel , Berkenkamp Moritz , Götte Martin , Schmitz Ralf , Kiesel Ludwig 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of endometriosis on subsequent pregnancy and delivery.Methods: retrospective analysis by questionnaire / interview of cases (endometriosis laparoscopically removed / child wish) vs. controls (endometriosis laparoscopically excluded / child wish) from the University Hospital Muenster, Germany, treated between 2009 and 2016; analysis of pregnancy rate, mode of delivery and complications using Clavien-Dindo-classification, role of deep infiltrating endometriosis using ENZIAN classification; data analysis using t-test with p < 0.050% being considered significant.Results:Identification of 973 consecutive cases vs 789 consecutive controls; inclusion of 501 cases: (pregnancy rate 57.5%) and 219 controls (pregnancy rate 60.7%). Primary cesarean section: trend to more in controls (p=0.202). Secondary cesarean section: trend to more in cases (p=0.111). Miscarriage: more in controls (p=0.038). DIE with risks equal to other types of endometriosis. Adenomyosis and bladder endometriosis: increased risk of secondary cesarean section. Pregnancy: more bleeding (p=0.005), early uterine contractions (p=0.012), cervical insufficiency (p=0.042), slightly more pre-eclampsia (p=0.080), amniorrhexis (p=0.220). Delivery: more bleeding (p=0.007), vaginal tear (p=0.009), symphysis diastasis (p=0.022), less episiotomy (p=0.002), prolonged labour (p=0.011). Puerperium: more bleeding (p=0.022), infectious complications p=0.007). Complications more in cases (Clavien Dindo I (p=0.005) or II (p=0.010); controls slightly more III (p=0.055)). Cases vs published control groups from general population: more placenta praevia (p=0.042), placental abruption, miscarriage (p<0.001; relative risk 2.23 (1.84-2.70)), delivery by cesarean section (p<0.001).Conclusion: Complications during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium occur more frequently in cases. The risk of miscarriage and delivery by cesarean section is increased. Endometriosis patients should receive counselling with regard to pregnancy and delivery. They should have access to specialized centers of care. Recommendations regarding mode of delivery should not exclude vaginal delivery also in cases of deep infiltrating endometriosis