bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy as a novel treatment for brevetoxicosis in sea turtles
Authors: Perrault Justin R. , Barron Heather W. , Malinowski Christopher R. , Milton Sarah L. , Manire Charles A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe southwest coast of Florida experiences annual red tides, a type of harmful algal bloom that results from high concentrations of Karenia brevis. These dinoflagellates release lipophilic neurotoxins, known as brevetoxins, that bind to sodium channels and inhibit their inactivation, resulting in a variety of symptoms that can lead to mass sea turtle strandings. Traditional therapies for brevetoxicosis include standard and supportive care (SSC) and/or dehydration therapy; however, these treatments are slow-acting and often ineffective. Because red tide events occur annually in Florida, our objective was to test intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) as a rapid treatment for brevetoxicosis in sea turtles and examine potential impacts on toxin clearance rates, symptom reduction, rehabilitation time, and survival rates. Sea turtles exhibiting neurological symptoms related to brevetoxicosis were brought to rehabilitation from 2018–2019. Upon admission, blood samples were collected, followed by immediate administration of 25 mg ILE/kg body mass (Intralipid® 20%) at 1 mL/min using infusion pumps. Blood samples were collected at numerous intervals post-ILE delivery and analyzed for brevetoxins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In total, nine (four subadults, one adult female, four adult males) loggerheads (Caretta caretta), five (four juvenile, one adult female) Kemp’s ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii), and four juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were included in this study. We found that plasma brevetoxins declined faster compared to turtles that received only SSC. Additionally, survival rate of these patients was 94% (17/18), which is significantly higher than previous studies that used SSC and/or dehydration therapy (47%; 46/99). Nearly all symptoms were eliminated within 24–48 h, whereas using SSC, symptom elimination could take up to seven days or more. The dosage given here (25 mg/kg) was sufficient for turtles in this study, but the use of a higher dosage (50–100 mg/kg) for those animals experiencing severe symptoms may be considered. These types of fast-acting treatment plans are necessary for rehabilitation facilities that are already resource-limited. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy has the potential to reduce rehabilitation time, save resources, and increase survival of sea turtles and other marine animals experiencing brevetoxicosis.
Differences in femur geometry and bone markers in atypical femur fractures and the general population
Authors: Jung Ik Jae , Kim Ji Wan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify differences in femur geometry between patients with subtrochanteric/shaft atypical femur fractures (AFFs) and the general population, and to evaluate the biomechanical factors related to femoral bowing in AFFs. We retrospectively reviewed 46 patients. Data on age, and history and duration of bisphosphonate use were evaluated. Femur computed tomography images were reconstructed into a 3D model, which was analyzed with a geometry analysis program to obtain the femur length, femur width and length, and femoral bowing. Patients were divided into two groups according to fracture location: the subtrochanteric and shaft AFF groups. We compared all parameters between groups, and also between each group and a general population of 300 women ≥ 60 years. Thirty-five patients had a history of bisphosphonate use (average duration, 6.1 years; range, 0.8–20 years). There was no statistical difference in bone turnover markers between the two groups. The shaft AFF group had a lower radius of curvature (ROC) (P = 0.001), lower bone mineral density (BMD,Tscore) (P = 0.020), and lower calcium (P = 0.016). However, other parameters and rate of bisphosphonate use were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in the parameters of the subtrochanter AFF group and the general population, but the shaft AFF group demonstrated a wider femur width (P < 0.001), longer anteroposterior length (P = 0.001), and lower ROC (P < 0.001) than the general population. Femoral bowing and width increased in shaft AFFs, but similar to subtrochanter AFFs compared to the general population. Our results highlight the biomechanical factors of femur geometry in AFFs.
Random sampling of the Protein Data Bank: RaSPDB
Authors: Carugo Oliviero 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel and simple procedure (RaSPDB) for Protein Data Bank mining is described. 10 PDB subsets, each containing 7000 randomly selected protein chains, are built and used to make 10 estimations of the average value of a generic feature F—the length of the protein chain, the amino acid composition, the crystallographic resolution, and the secondary structure composition. These 10 estimations are then used to compute an average estimation of F together with its standard error. It is heuristically verified that the dimension of these 10 subsets—7000 protein chains—is sufficiently small to avoid redundancy within each subset and sufficiently large to guarantee stable estimations amongst different subsets. RaSPDB has two major advantages over classical procedures aimed to build a single, non-redundant PDB subset: a larger fraction of the information stored in the PDB is used and an estimation of the standard error of F is possible.
Selection of effective manufacturing conditions for directed energy deposition process using machine learning methods
Authors: Lim Jong-Sup , Oh Won-Jung , Lee Choon-Man , Kim Dong-Hyeon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the directed energy deposition (DED) process, significant empirical testing is required to select the optimal process parameters. In this study, single-track experiments were conducted using laser power and scan speed as parameters in the DED process for titanium alloys. The results of the experiment confirmed that the deposited surface color appeared differently depending on the process parameters. Cross-sectional view, hardness, microstructure, and component analyses were performed according to the color data, and a color suitable for additive manufacturing was selected. Random forest (RF) and support vector machine multi-classification models were constructed by collecting surface color data from a titanium alloy deposited on a single track; the accuracies of the multi-classification models were compared. Validation experiments were performed under conditions that each model predicted differently. According to the results of the validation experiments, the RF multi-classification model was the most accurate.
Differential microbial responses to antibiotic treatments by insecticide-resistant and susceptible cockroach strains (Blattella germanica L.)
Authors: Wolfe Zachery M. , Scharf Michael E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) is a major urban pest worldwide and is known for its ability to resist insecticides. Past research has shown that gut bacteria in other insects can metabolize xenobiotics, allowing the host to develop resistance. The research presented here determined differences in gut microbial composition between insecticide-resistant and susceptible German cockroaches and compared microbiome changes with antibiotic treatment. Cockroaches received either control diet or diet plus kanamycin (KAN) to quantify shifts in microbial composition. Additionally, both resistant and susceptible strains were challenged with diets containing the insecticides abamectin and fipronil in the presence and absence of antibiotic. In both strains, KAN treatment reduced feeding, leading to higher doses of abamectin and fipronil being tolerated. However, LC50 resistance ratios between resistant and susceptible strains decreased by half with KAN treatment, suggesting gut bacteria mediate resistance. Next, whole guts were isolated, bacterial DNA extracted, and 16S MiSeq was performed. Unlike most bacterial taxa, Stenotrophomonas increased in abundance in only the kanamycin-treated resistant strain and was the most indicative genus in classifying between control and kanamycin-treated cockroach guts. These findings provide unique insights into how the gut microbiome responds to stress and disturbance, and important new insights into microbiome-mediated insecticide resistance.
Restoring Shank3 in the rostral brainstem of shank3ab−/− zebrafish autism models rescues sensory deficits
Authors: Kozol Robert A. , James David M. , Varela Ivan , Sumathipala Sureni H. , Züchner Stephan , Dallman Julia E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeople with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome, caused by mutations in the SHANK3 gene, commonly exhibit reduced responses to sensory stimuli; yet the changes in brain-wide activity that link these symptoms to mutations in the shank3 gene remain unknown. Here we quantify movement in response to sudden darkness in larvae of two shank3 zebrafish mutant models and show that both models exhibit dampened responses to this stimulus. Using brain-wide activity mapping, we find that shank3−/− light-sensing brain regions show normal levels of activity while sensorimotor integration and motor regions are less active. Specifically restoring Shank3 function in a sensorimotor nucleus of the rostral brainstem enables the shank3−/− model to respond like wild-type. In sum, we find that reduced sensory responsiveness in shank3−/− models is associated with reduced activity in sensory processing brain regions and can be rescued by restoring Shank3 function in the rostral brainstem. These studies highlight the importance of Shank3 function in the rostral brainstem for integrating sensory inputs to generate behavioral adaptations to changing sensory stimuli.
The mass and size of Herbig disks as seen by ALMA
Authors: Stapper L. M. , Hogerheijde M. R. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Mentel R. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Many population studies have been performed over the past decade with the Atacama Large millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to understand the bulk properties of protoplanetary disks around young stars. The studied populations have mostly consisted of late spectral type (i.e., G, K & M) stars, with relatively few more massive Herbig stars (spectral types B, A & F). With Gaia-updated distances, now is a good time to use ALMA archival data for a Herbig disk population study and take an important step forward in our understanding of planet formation.
Aims. The aim of this work is to determine the masses and sizes of all Herbig dust disks observed with ALMA to date in a volume-limited sample out to 450 pc. These masses and sizes are put in the context of the Lupus and Upper Sco T Tauri disk populations.
Methods. ALMA Band 6 and Band 7 archival data of 36 Herbig stars are used, making this work 64% complete out to 225 pc, and 38% complete out to 450 pc also including Orion. Using stellar parameters and distances, the dust masses and sizes of the disks are determined via a curve-of-growth method. Survival analysis is used to obtain cumulative distributions of the dust masses and radii.
Results. Herbig disks have a higher dust mass than the T Tauri disk populations of Lupus and Upper Sco by factors of ~3 and ~7 respectively. In addition, Herbig disks are often larger than the typical T Tauri disk. Although the masses and sizes of Herbig disks extend over a similar range to those of T Tauri disks, the distributions of masses and sizes of Herbig disks are significantly skewed toward higher values. Lastly, group I disks are more massive than group II disks. An insufficient number of group II disks are observed at sufficient angular resolution to determine whether or not they are also small in size compared to group I disks.
Conclusions. Herbig disks are skewed towards more massive and larger dust disks compared to T Tauri disks. Based on this we speculate that these differences find their origin in an initial disk mass that scales with the stellar mass, and that subsequent disk evolution enlarges the observable differences, especially if (sub)millimeter continuum optical depth plays a role. Moreover, the larger disk masses and sizes of Herbig stars could be linked to the increasing prevalence of giant planets with host star mass.
High-resolution images of two wiggling stellar jets, MHO 1502 and MHO 2147, obtained with GSAOI+GeMS
Authors: Ferrero L. V. , Günthardt G. , García L. , Gómez M. , Kalari V. M. , Saldaño H. P. 
Published: December 2021

Aims. We investigated the possible cause–effect relation between the wiggling shape of two stellar jets, MHO 1502 and MHO 2147, and the potential binarity of the respective driving stars.
Methods. We present high-angular-resolution H2 (2.122 μm) and K-band images obtained with the Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager (GSAOI) and the Gemini Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS). The profiles of the jets are depicted in detail by the H2 images. We used K-band data to search for potential close companions to the previously suggested exciting sources, and used archive data to investigate these sources and the environments in which the jets are located. We also applied a model to reproduce the wiggling profiles of the jets.
Results. MHO 1502 is composed of a chain of knots delineating the wiggling jet, suggesting that the driving source emitted them in an intermittent manner. Our K-band image of the previously proposed exciting star, IRAC 18064, shows two sources separated by ~240 AU, hinting at its binarity. However, as IRAC 18064 is located off the jet axis at ~2064 AU, it is questionable as to whether this source is the true exciting star. Moreover, the orbital model centred on IRAC 18064 suggests a binary companion at a much greater distance (~2200 AU) than the nearby star (at ~240 AU). On the other hand, the orbital model centred on the axis provides the best fits. Nevertheless, the precession model centred on the axis cannot be discarded, despite having larger residuals and χ2. MHO 2147 displays an S-shaped gentle continuous emission in H2. We identify two other jets in the field of MHO 2147: a previously reported quasi-perpendicular jet, MHO 2148, and a third jet adjacent to MHO 2147. The model that best fits the morphology of the MHO 2147 jet and that of its adjacent jet is precession. The exciting source of MHO 2147 may be a triple system.
Sterben besser verstehen
Authors: Meyer Stefan , Bollig Georg 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDie Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung sind in Deutschland zu wenig bekannt. Bis zu 90 % der Deutschen benötigen im Sterbeprozess Palliativversorgung, aber nur 30 % erhalten sie. Es ist wichtig, Menschen auf die Sterbebegleitung ihrer Angehörigen vorzubereiten und die Versorgungsnetzwerke bekannt zu machen. Die meisten Menschen wünschen sich, möglichst schmerzfrei, nah am Gewohnten, selbstbestimmt, sozial eingebunden und gut versorgt aus dem Leben zu scheiden.
Resveratrol treatment does not reduce arterial inflammation in males at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Boswijk Ellen , de Ligt Marlies , Habets Marie-Fleur J , Mingels Alma M.A. , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter D. , Mottaghy Felix M. , Schrauwen Patrick , Wildberger Joachim E. , Bucerius Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose Resveratrol has shown promising anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro and animal studies. We aimed to investigate this effect on arterial inflammation in vivo.
Methods This was an additional analysis of a double-blind randomized crossover trial which included eight male subjects with decreased insulin sensitivity who underwent an 18F-fluoroxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT after 34 days of placebo and resveratrol treatment (150 mg/day). 18F-FDG uptake was analyzed in the carotid arteries and the aorta, adipose tissue regions, spleen, and bone marrow as measures for arterial and systemic inflammation. Maximum target-to-background ratios (TBRmax) were compared between resveratrol and placebo treatment with the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Median values are shown with their interquartile range.
Results Arterial 18F-FDG uptake was non-significantly higher after resveratrol treatment (TBRmax all vessels 1.7 (1.6–1.7)) in comparison to placebo treatment (1.5 (1.4–1.6); p=0.050). Only in visceral adipose tissue, the increase in 18F-FDG uptake after resveratrol reached statistical significance (p=0.024). Furthermore, CRP-levels were not significantly affected by resveratrol treatment (p=0.091).
Conclusions Resveratrol failed to attenuate arterial or systemic inflammation as measured with 18F-FDG PET in subjects at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, validation of these findings in larger human studies is needed.
High-Frequency Positive Pressure Ventilation as Primary Rescue Strategy for Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Comparison to High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
Authors: Gerall Claire , Wallman-Stokes Aaron , Stewart Latoya , Price Jessica , Kabagambe Sandra , Fan Weijia , Hernan Rebecca , Wung Jen , Sahni Rakesh , Penn Anna , Duron Vincent 
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of this article was to evaluate high-frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) compared with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as a rescue ventilation strategy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). HFPPV is a pressure-controlled conventional ventilation method utilizing high respiratory rate and low positive end-expiratory pressure.
Study Design Seventy-seven patients diagnosed with CDH from January 2005 to September 2019 who were treated with stepwise progression from HFPPV to HFOV versus only HFOV were included. Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare outcomes.
Results Patients treated with HFPPV + HFOV had higher survival to discharge (80 vs. 50%, p = 0.007) and to surgical intervention (95.6 vs. 68.8%, p = 0.003), with average age at repair 2 days earlier (p = 0.004). Need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (p = 0.490), inhaled nitric oxide (p = 0.585), supplemental oxygen (p = 0.341), and pulmonary hypertension medications (p = 0.381) were similar.
Conclusion In CDH patients who fail respiratory support with conventional ventilation, HFPPV may be used as an intermediary mode of rescue ventilation prior to HFOV without adverse effects.
Key Points
Attributable Mortality for Pediatric and Neonatal Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Greece
Authors: Karagiannidou Sofia , Kourlaba Georgia , Zaoutis Theoklis , Maniadakis Nikolaos , Papaevangelou Vassiliki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCentral line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are the most frequent pediatric hospital-acquired infections and significantly impact outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the attributable mortality for CLABSIs in pediatric and neonatal patients in Greece. A retrospective matched-cohort study was performed, in two tertiary pediatric hospitals. Inpatients with a central line in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (NICUs and PICUs), hematology/oncology units, and a bone marrow transplantation unit between June 2012 and June 2015 were eligible. Patients with confirmed CLABSI were enrolled on the day of the event and were matched (1:1) to non-CLABSI patients by hospital, hospitalization unit, and length of stay prior to study enrollment (188 children enrolled, 94 CLABSIs). Attributable mortality was estimated. During the study period, 22 patients with CLABSI and nine non-CLABSI patients died (23.4 vs. 9.6%, respectively, p = 0.011), leading to an attributable mortality of 13.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.4–24.3%). Children in PICUs were more likely to die, presenting an attributable mortality of 20.2% (95% CI = − 1.4–41.8%), without reaching, however, statistical significance. After multiple logistic regression, patients with CLABSI were four times more likely to die (odds ratio [OR] = 4.29, 95% CI = 1.28–14.36, p = 0.018). Survival analysis showed no difference in time to death after study enrollment between patients with CLABSI and non-CLABSI patients (log-rank p = 0.137, overall median survival time = 7.8 months). Greek pediatric mortality rates are increased by the CLABSI occurrence, highlighting the importance of infection prevention strategies.
Vacuum ultraviolet photoexcitation and photofragment spectroscopic studies of 14N15N between 109000 and 117500 cm−1
Authors: Liu Min , Jiang Pan , Cheng Min , Gao Hong 
Published: December 2021

In this study, we employed a newly built time-slice velocity-map ion imaging setup, equipped with two tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser sources, to obtain the first comprehensive high-resolution photoexcitation and photofragment excitation spectra of 14N15N in the VUV photon energy range 109 000–117 500 cm−1. The spectroscopic simulation program PGOPHER was used to analyze the rotationally resolved spectra. Band origins, rotational constants, and isotope shifts compared with those of 14N2 have been obtained for 31 electric-dipole-allowed vibrational states of 14N15N in the aforementioned energy range. These spectroscopic parameters are found to depend on the vibrational quantum number irregularly. Systematic perturbations of the rotational transition energies and predissociation rates within individual absorption bands have also been observed. These are proved to be caused by the strong homogeneous interactions between the valence b′1Σu+ state and the Rydberg cn′ 1Σu+ states, and between the valence b1Πu states and the Rydberg o31Πu states. Heterogeneous interactions between the Rydberg cn1Πu states and cn′1Σu+ states also play an important role.
Spatiotemporally resolved characteristics of arc plasma in non-thermal multi-arc generator at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Huang Y. J. , Lin Q. F. 
Published: December 2021

The spatiotemporally resolved characteristics of arc plasma in a non-thermal multi-arc generator with three high-voltage electrodes and a common grounded one were investigated by means of arc current signal, discharge image signal, and image analysis. Experimental results show that the spatial distribution of multi-arc plasma can be adjusted by the gas flow rate, and multi-arc plasma tends to distribute in the center of the arc chamber with the decrease in the gas flow rate. Once the confluence of three independent arc columns occurs, a common arc root will be shared by three arcs. The common arc-root attachment varies between constricted state and diffuse state, and the variation duration was in a cycle of about 1 ms, which is associated with beat vibration caused by the small deviation among the frequencies of three arc currents. This phenomenon suggests that the size of the arc root attachment can be adjusted by means of the frequency of the driving power supply.
Local accumbens in vivo imaging during deep brain stimulation reveals a strategy-dependent amelioration of hedonic feeding
Authors: Wu Hemmings , Kakusa Bina , Neuner Sophie , Christoffel Daniel J. , Heifets Boris D. , Malenka Robert C. , Halpern Casey H. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Impulsive overeating is a common, disabling feature of eating disorders. Calcium imaging using fiber photometry has emerged as an in vivo methodology to measure neuronal population activity immune to electrical stimulation artifact from deep brain stimulation (DBS). Thus, when used simultaneously, calcium imaging can elucidate poorly understood DBS mechanisms. We show that nucleus accumbens D1 medial spiny calcium signaling increases in preparation of hedonic feeding of high-fat food. Further, responsive, over continuous, DBS strategies effectively disrupt this activity leading to decreased consumption. Implementation of this methodology to better understand mechanisms of these and other forms of neuromodulation for various indications may help advance the field to identify novel therapeutic targets with applications extending beyond obesity.