bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated temperature may reduce functional but not taxonomic diversity of fungal assemblages on decomposing leaf litter in streams
Authors: Fenoy Encarnación , Pradhan Arunava , Pascoal Cláudia , Rubio‐Ríos Juan , Batista Daniela , Moyano‐López Francisco J. , Cássio Fernanda , Casas J. Jesús 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMounting evidence points to a linkage between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (B‐EF). Global drivers, such as warming and nutrient enrichment, can alter species richness and composition of aquatic fungal assemblages associated with leaf‐litter decomposition, a key ecosystem process in headwater streams. However, effects of biodiversity changes on ecosystem functions might be countered by the presumed high functional redundancy of fungal species. Here, we examined how environmental variables and leaf‐litter traits (based on leaf chemistry) affect taxonomic and functional α‐ and β‐diversity of fungal decomposers. We analysed taxonomic diversity (DNA‐fingerprinting profiles) and functional diversity (community‐level physiological profiles) of fungal communities in four leaf‐litter species from four subregions differing in stream‐water characteristics and riparian vegetation. We hypothesized that increasing stream‐water temperature and nutrients would alter taxonomic diversity more than functional diversity due to the functional redundancy among aquatic fungi. Contrary to our expectations, fungal taxonomic diversity varied little with stream‐water characteristics across subregions, and instead taxon replacement occurred. Overall taxonomic β‐diversity was fourfold higher than functional diversity, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy among aquatic fungi. Elevated temperature appeared to boost assemblage uniqueness by increasing β‐diversity while the increase in nutrient concentrations appeared to homogenize fungal assemblages. Functional richness showed a negative relationship with temperature. Nonetheless, a positive relationship between leaf‐litter decomposition and functional richness suggests higher carbon use efficiency of fungal communities in cold waters.
Synthesis of Al2O3‐SiC powder from electroceramics waste and its application in low‐carbon MgO‐C refractories
Authors: Ma Beiyue , Ren Xinming , Gao Zhi , Tian Jialong , Jiang Zhouhua , Zan Wenyu , Yu Jingkun , Qian Fan , Cao Yingnan , Fu Gaofeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComposite additives are an efficient means to improve the high‐temperature stability and slag resistance of low‐carbon MgO‐C refractories. In this work, Al2O3‐SiC powder was firstly synthesized from electroceramics waste by carbon embedded method at 1500°C, 1550°C, and 1600°C for 4 h, and then the as‐synthesized Al2O3‐SiC powder was used as an additive to low‐carbon MgO‐C refractories. The effects of its addition amounts of 0, 2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, and 7.5 wt.% on the properties of the refractories were investigated in detail. It was found that increasing the heat treatment temperature is beneficial to the phase conversion of mullite and quartz to alumina and silicon carbide in the electroceramics waste. Furthermore, the addition of Al2O3‐SiC powder effectively improves the performance of low‐carbon MgO‐C samples, and the formation of spinel dense layer and high‐viscosity isolation layer is the internal reason for the improvement of the oxidation resistance and slag resistance of low‐carbon MgO‐C samples. This work provides ideas for the reuse of electroceramics waste and presents an alternative strategy for the performance optimization of low‐carbon MgO‐C refractories.
Preparation, microstructures, and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al2O3/Lu3Al5O12 eutectic ceramics
Authors: Sun Haofei , Zhou Cui , Du Tiefeng , Wu Zhen , Xian Quangang , Sun Luchao , Liu Jing , Wang Jingyang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAl2O3/Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) ceramics with two solidification rates were prepared utilizing optical floating zone (OFZ) technique. The microstructures (eutectic morphology, preferred growth direction and interface orientation) of Al2O3/LuAG were characterized, and the mechanical properties (Vickers hardness and fracture toughness) were compared with those of Al2O3/REAG (RE = Y, Er, and Yb). Results show that Al2O3/LuAG with solidification rate of 30 mm/h has established preferred growth direction in both Al2O3 and LuAG phases with cellular eutectic structures. While Al2O3/LuAG with solidification rate of 10 mm/h only shows preferred growth direction in Al2O3 phase and presents degenerate irregular eutectic microstructures. Besides, Al2O3/LuAG exhibits higher hardness compared with Al2O3/REAG (RE = Y, Er, and Yb). In addition, a special attention is focused on the relations among rare earth ionic radius, eutectic microstructures, and mechanical properties of these DSE ceramics. It is demonstrated that a smaller rare earth ionic radius could lead to larger eutectic interspacing as well as higher Vickers hardness of DSE Al2O3/REAG, revealing the possibility and feasibility of microstructure control and mechanical properties optimization for DSE Al2O3/REAG ceramics by tailoring the rare earth elements.
Photocatalytic activity of dye‐sensitized and non‐sensitized GO‐TiO2 nanocomposites under simulated and direct sunlight
Authors: Ilhan Hatice , Durmaz Cayci Gamze Belkis , Aksoy Erkan , Diker Halide , Varlikli Canan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO), amine‐modified graphene oxide (mGO), and N‐TiO2 composites were synthesized by low‐temperature hydrothermal method and characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR, and BET analysis techniques. The films of synthesized TiO2, mGO:TiO2, N‐TiO2, GO:TiO2, GO:N‐TiO2, and commercially available P25 were prepared by doctor blade method. These films and their perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxy tetrabutylester (PTE)‐sensitized forms were employed as photocatalysts for the photodegradation of rhodamine‐B (RhB) under Xe lamp and direct sunlight irradiations. Independent from the irradiation source, the photocatalytic order of the non‐sensitized films were GO:N‐TiO2 > GO:TiO2 > N‐TiO2 > mGO:TiO2 > TiO2 > P25, but seven and 15 folds of increments were detected under direct sunlight irradiation. PTE‐sensitized catalyst films exhibited more than two folds of increase in the photocatalytic rate constants compared to their non‐sensitized counterparts under Xe lamp irradiation. Under direct sunlight irradiation no matter which photocatalyst was used, the photocatalytic activity of these films was enhanced seven folds. Reusability tests revealed no significant changes in the photocatalytic rate constants obtained with both the non‐sensitized and sensitized films.
The treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis – a systematic review
Authors: Chudry Hannah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) can have a significantly negative impact on an individual's quality of life. Currently, there appears to be no review of the effectiveness of the different interventions for its management.MethodsA systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines, the Cochrane Database, and MEDLINE (OVID) to identify relevant studies published from 1997 to 2017.ResultsOf the 574 references yielded, six met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for this review. Two studies evaluated the use of oral oxybutynin as an anticholinergic treatment for PH; this demonstrated high efficacy with over 80% of patients reporting symptom improvement; dry mouth was the most common adverse effect reported. One study looking at the use of iontophoresis reported 81% improvement in patients' symptoms. One randomized, double‐blind, trial looked at the use of botulinum toxin A injections for the treatment of PH; it reported 90% of patients experienced an improvement in PH. The remaining two studies evaluated the use of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) in PH, and both reported over 95% patient symptom improvement.ConclusionThere are few good quality studies evaluating the treatment of primary PH. Based on the little available evidence, the interventions reviewed significantly improve the symptoms of PH. Anticholinergic medications are considered effective and safe. Both iontophoresis and botulinum toxin provided patients with symptom relief when administered regularly. ETS was reported as successful in the reduction of PH, however, it carries significant adverse effects such as compensatory sweating and the potential of complications associated with surgery.
Current status of organoid culture in urological malignancy
Authors: Tse Ryan Tsz‐Hei , Zhao Hongda , Wong Christine Yim‐Ping , Chiu Peter Ka‐Fung , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Ng Chi‐Fai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUrological cancers are common malignancies worldwide. Several conventional models, for example, two‐dimensional cell culture and animal models have been used for decades to study tumor genetics. Nonetheless, these methods have limitations in reflecting the real tumor microenvironment in vivo, thereby hindering the development of anti‐cancer therapeutic agents. Recently, three‐dimensional culture models have gained attention because they can overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods. Above all, three‐dimensional organoid models are able to mimic the tumor microenvironment in human bodies more closely as they are able to demonstrate the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. This type of model has therefore extended our understanding of urological cancers. Tumor cells in organoid models can also be co‐cultured with other cellular components, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes, and allow further understanding of the effect of tumor microenvironments on tumor growth. Furthermore, organoid models allow a prolonged culturing period, therefore, tumor evolution, progression and maintenance can also be assessed. Organoid models can be derived from each specific patient, and this facilitates investigation of individual cancer‐specific mutations and their subtypes. As a result, the development of personalized medication targeting the signaling pathways or biomolecules of interest will be possible. In the present review, we summarize the development and applications of three‐dimensional organoid cultures in urological cancers, mainly focusing on prostate, urinary bladder and kidney cancers, and assess the future prospects of this model.
Counter moves. Destabilizing the grand narrative of onward migration and secondary movements in Europe
Authors: Schapendonk Joris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEuropean migration scholars are increasingly interested in people's onward migrations and secondary movements. This paper takes a critical look at the conceptual underpinnings of this subfield by indicating how the lexicon of onward migration frames migratory processes as a staged process, involving a South–North directionality and hinting at a gradual progress for the migrants in question. This “grand narrative” of onward migration is anchored and reproduced by EU’s overarching policy frameworks. Based on an ethnographic project that followed African trajectories inside Europe, I present some dynamic im/mobility trajectories that can be considered counter narratives of onward migration. The detailed outlining of these trajectories show how mobility itself is a shifting ground without one major vector directing the movements. These counter narratives result in a discussion on the migranticization of mobility. More specifically, I plea for research approaches that free migratory movements from prepossessed directions.
Chronicling moral distress among healthcare providers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A longitudinal analysis of mental health strain, burnout, and maladaptive coping behaviours
Authors: Wilson Chloe A. , Metwally Hannah , Heavner Smith , Kennedy Ann Blair , Britt Thomas W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has presented many novel situations that have amplified the presence of moral distress in healthcare. With limited resources to protect themselves against the virus and strict safety regulations that alter the way they work, healthcare providers have felt forced to engage in work behaviours that conflicted with their professional and personal sense of right and wrong. Although many providers have experienced moral distress while being physically in the workplace, others suffered while at home. Some healthcare providers worked in facilities that were unable to open during the pandemic due to restrictions, which could contribute to a sense of powerlessness and guilt. The current study assessed whether the ability to see patients each week impacted the relationship between an employee's moral distress and their mental health strain, burnout, and maladaptive coping. A total of 378 healthcare providers responded to weekly surveys over the course of 7 months (April 2020–December 2020). Hierarchical linear modeling techniques were used to examine the study variables over time. Results showed that moral distress predicted an individual's mental health strain and burnout, even after controlling for the prior week. However, moral distress was not a significant predictor of maladaptive coping. Interestingly, there was not a significant difference between the average ratings of moral distress between those who were able, and those who were not able to see patients, meaning that both groups experienced symptoms of moral distress. However, cross‐level moderation results indicated that the ability to see patients magnified the relationships between moral distress and mental health strain and burnout over time. Implications of the results and recommendations for how moral distress should be addressed among healthcare providers are discussed.
The structural evolution and superconductivity under pressure for superconductor AFe2As2 (A = Ba, Sr)
Authors: Li Li , Wang Jiajun , Cai Juan , Liang Yao , Cui Yan , Tao Hualong , Liu Shimin , He Ming , Song Bo , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, the structural evolution and electronic structure of AFe2As2 (A = Ba, Sr) under hydrostatic and uniaxial pressures have been studied. The Fe‐Fe distance is closely related to the AFM suppression as well as the Fe‐As bond. Through analysis of Fermi surface and band diagram, the uniaxial pressure along c‐axis can make the band near the Γ point to produce Lifshitz transition under the condition of lower pressure, and it is easier to suppress Fe magnetic moment. If the pressure component along c‐axis is larger in the experiment, it is easier to cause the superconducting. The superconductivity of BaFe2As2 and SrFe2As2 under pressure may be due to the increasing of Fe 3d‐ and As 4p‐hybridized bands width near the Fermi level.
Characterizing Li in partially lithiated layer materials using atomic‐resolution imaging, modeling, and simulation
Authors: Ghosh Chanchal , Singh Manish Kumar , Parida Shayani , Dobley Arthur , Dongare Avinash M. , Carter C. Barry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding of phase‐stability and nanoscale structural modulation during lithiation of layer materials demand comprehensive analysis of the Li‐containing phases in the solid‐state reaction products. Conventional chemical analysis methods in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) are not ideal to detect Li in partially intercalated nanodomains because Li atoms do not remain stationary under the focused electron beam. An alternate approach combining density functional theory (DFT) modeling and multislice image simulation has been explored in the present study to analyze the intercalated structures and to detect and quantify Li from the recorded high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM) micrographs of partially intercalated phases. HRTEM micrographs from partially lithiated graphite and MoS2 show variations in the interlayer spacings, but are not usually directly interpretable. Hypothetical intercalated microstructures of graphite and MoS2 supercells have been generated using atomic‐scale simulations with systematically varying Li concentrations. The measured interplanar spacings are compared with those of experimentally recorded HRTEM micrographs from lithiated graphite and MoS2. The results confirm the coexistence of different lithiated phases at localized domains. This understanding of phase transformation and the lithium quantification provides a basis for understanding the structural accommodation of layered materials during intercalation.
Patient empowerment and self‐management behaviour of chronic disease patients: A moderated mediation model of self‐efficacy and health locus of control
Authors: Wang Run , Zhou Chunlan , Wu Yanni , Sun Meihua , Yang Lixiao , Ye Xiaoling , Zhang Mi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the role of self‐efficacy (SE) in the effect of patient empowerment on self‐management behaviours among patients with chronic illness and to investigate the moderating effect of three types of health locus of control (HLC) in this moderated mediation model.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsData were collected in a general tertiary hospital, and a sample of 254 patients was recruited between August and October 2020. The effect of moderation and mediation was tested by the PROCESS macro (Model 4 and Model 8) for SPSS 25.0 by Hayes using 5000 bootstrap samples.ResultsSelf‐efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between patient empowerment and self‐management behaviour with a 95% confidence interval excluding zero. The chance HLC demonstrated a moderating effect, and the interaction effect on SE and self‐management behaviour was significant.ConclusionPatient empowerment may improve confidence and adherence to self‐management among people with chronic illness, and such benefits were conditional on the HLC of patients.ImpactThis study addresses the relationship between patient empowerment and self‐management behaviour in patients with different personality characteristics. This result indicated that classifying the type of HLC may enable the identification of subgroups of patients who may subsequently benefit from patient empowerment. In a patient‐centred programme, nurses and other healthcare professionals correctly identifying patients’ HLC type and understanding the implications and then providing appropriate health care plans for patients with different health beliefs may be useful to tailor the decision‐making process.
Mucin 20 modulates proteasome capacity through c‐Met signalling to increase carfilzomib sensitivity in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Shirazi Fazal , Yan Wei , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Hua , Orlowski Robert Z. , Wang Huihan 
Published: October 2021

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a haematologic malignancy. The proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib has been approved to treat MCL, but resistance has emerged through mechanisms that remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of PI resistance in MCL and identify new targets for this patient subgroup. Carfilzomib‐resistant (CR) MCL cell lines and primary samples were used for both in vitro and in vivo experiments to identify gene expression and explore their related signalling pathways. We first identified mucin 20 (MUC20) suppression in carfilzomib‐resistant MCL models. MUC20 overexpression sensitized cells to carfilzomib in vitro and in vivo. MUC20 expression was inversely related to activation of c‐Met and the downstream p44/42 MAPK pathway. c‐Met activation with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced PI resistance, while c‐Met inhibition restored PI sensitivity. Carfilzomib resistance and depressed MUC20 expression were associated with enhanced proteasome activity and higher expression of proteassemblin (POMP), a chaperone for catalytically active proteasome assembly. c‐Met and POMP were associated through binding and induction of MAPK‐regulated ELK1 to the POMP promoter. Our data reveal that c‐Met signalling activation enhanced proteasome capacity as a mechanism of PI resistance, and MUC20 expression may be a useful biomarker for PI therapy.
Complex and divergent histories gave rise to genome‐wide divergence patterns amongst European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus)
Authors: Crotti Marco , Bean Colin W. , Gowans Andy R. D. , Winfield Ian J. , Butowska Magdalena , Wanzenböck Josef , Bondarencko Galina , Præbel Kim , Adams Colin E. , Elmer Kathryn R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPleistocene glaciations dramatically affected species distribution in regions that were impacted by ice cover and subsequent postglacial range expansion impacted contemporary biodiversity in complex ways. The European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, is a widely distributed salmonid fish species on mainland Europe, but in Britain it has only seven native populations, all of which are found on the western extremes of the island. The origins and colonization routes of the species into Britain are unknown but likely contributed to contemporary genetic patterns and regional uniqueness. Here, we used up to 25,751 genome‐wide polymorphic loci to reconstruct the history and to discern the demographic and evolutionary forces underpinning divergence between British populations. Overall, we found lower genetic diversity in Scottish populations but high differentiation (FST = 0.433–0.712) from the English/Welsh and other European populations. Differentiation was elevated genome‐wide rather than in particular genomic regions. Demographic modelling supported a postglacial colonization into western Scotland from northern refugia and a separate colonization route for the English/Welsh populations from southern refugia, with these two groups having been separated for more than ca. 50 Ky. We found cyto‐nuclear discordance at a European scale, with the Scottish populations clustering closely with Baltic population in the mtDNA analysis but not in the nuclear data, and with the Norwegian and Alpine populations displaying the same mtDNA haplotype but being distantly related in the nuclear tree. These findings suggest that neutral processes, primarily drift and regionally distinct pre‐glacial evolutionary histories, are important drivers of genomic divergence in British populations of European whitefish. This sheds new light on the establishment of the native British freshwater fauna after the last glacial maximum.
Dried yacon with high fructooligosaccharide content
Authors: Corrêa Jefferson Luiz Gomes , Lopes Francemir José , de Mello Junior Ronaldo Elias , de Jesus Junqueira João Renato , de Angelis Pereira Michel Cardoso , Salvio Luís Gustavo Amaral 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe convective drying of yacon was investigated (40–70°C). Pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) (sorbitol 38 °Brix, 35°C, 681 mmHg in the first 10 min) as pretreatment was tested. Drying behavior, energy consumption, diffusivity, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) retention, shrinkage, water activity, shrinkage, and color were measured. Fick's model was adequate for drying kinetics adjustment, mainly for untreated samples with shrinkage consideration. PVOD pretreated dried yacon was a less shrunken product in a shorter drying time with up to 60% FOS retention. Nevertheless, the best tested condition for FOS retention (88%) was the convective drying at 60°C without PVOD application.Practical ApplicationsThe yacon is a seasonal plant that presents high concentrations of functional compounds. Like most vegetables, its shelf life is short and storage difficult. Therefore, improved techniques for conservation are required. The present paper evaluates the effects of drying temperature on the production of fresh and osmodehydrated yacon slices during convective drying. This study could offer an interesting response to the changes promoted by these processes, relating to the modifications to the physicochemical properties of osmodehydrated yacon.