bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychosocial Impact and Adherence of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: As'hab Priyo Purnomo , Keliat Budi Anna , Wardani Ice Yulia 
Published: December 2021

Background The Worldwide resistance prevalence of the first-line tuberculosis drug, rifampicin, in 2017 was 7.4 per 100,000 population, and 82% of them experienced multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Indonesia is the top 20 country with an MDR-TB burden, and its prevalence is 8.8 per 100,000 population. MDR-TB requires a long-time treatment and has accompanying side effects: biological and psychosocial effects. However, efforts to overcome the psychosocial impacts have not been conducted. This study aims to determine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and treatment adherence in MDR-TB patients. Design and methods This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test three post-tests using total sampling. The pre-test was conducted before the standard nursing intervention, post-test 1 was after the standard nursing intervention, posttest 2 was after ACT session 1, and post-test 3 was after ACT session 2. Data were collected by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Beck Hopelessness Scale, a Scale for Suicide Ideation, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Results The standard nursing action and ACT reduce anxiety (p=0.002), reduced depression (p=0.0001), reduced suicidal ideation (p=0.008), and increased treatment adherence (p=0.0001). Conclusions The standard nursing action and ACT reduce anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. They increase treatment adherence recommended for use in MDR-TB patients.
Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Authors: Nwafia Ifeyinwa , Ohanu Martin , Ebede Samuel , Okoil Chukwudi , Nwachukwu Paul , Umenzekwe Chukwudi , Ndubueze Chidiebere , Aroh Adaora , Oraebueze Ibuchukwu , Ezomike Chidiogo , Okeke Princess , Izundu Dominic 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Multidrug resistant bacteria have become a major public health concern worldwide. Inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics are known promoters of antibiotic resistance. This study was therefore carried out to assess healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice on antibiotic use and resistance.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers from University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic use and resistance. Descriptive and inferential analyses were subjected on the data.

Results:
A total of 600 healthcare workers were surveyed with male: female ratio of 1:2.2. The mean age of the participants was 39.6±25.6 years. The level of knowledge was 58.8%, followed by attitude (49.1%) and practice (24.3%). The knowledge on super bugs (40.3%) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (37.3%) was the least on resistant organisms surveyed. The main source of information was internet with the least being television/newspaper. Slightly less than half, (287/600, 47.8%) always do laboratory investigations before commencing antibiotics and (373/600, 62.2%) will stop taking antibiotics when their symptoms improve without completing the dosage. Majority of the participants (91.2%) indicated that healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring the antimicrobial-resistant organisms; however, only 67.7% believed that UNTH has the same problem.

Conclusion:
The knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers on antibiotic use and resistance were not encouraging. Greater educational interventions are, therefore, necessary to improve public awareness and develop behavioral measures to curb the spread of the resistant organisms.
Assessment of awareness and barriers to clubfoot treatment in the Indian scenario
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed Schezan , Dubey Rajiv , Thakur Kamparsh , Katiyar Sarthak , Prasad Manish 
Published: December 2021

Background:
We undertook this study to evaluate the awareness of the Primary Caregivers of children with clubfoot aka Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) and their familiarity with the disease, their beliefs, knowledge and compliance to treatment, and barriers encountered during the treatment process.

Settings and design:
Cross-sectional, analytical study.

Materials and methods:
A standard questionnaire in the local vernacular language was prepared, on which 108 respondents were interviewed. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 21.0. Chi-square test was applied wherever suitable as a parametric test.

Results:
Approximately 57.40% of participants had no prior knowledge of clubfoot at all, till they had a child born of the deformity in the family. Superstitions like lunar eclipse (37.96%), punishment from God (37.03%), solar eclipse (34.26%) and black magic (26.85%) were widely prevalent as the perceived cause of the deformity. Only 25% of the participants believed that any kind of treatment should be started immediately after birth and 20.37% of the study population felt the first line of treatment should be a visit to a spiritual healer or to a shrine of a saint. Approximately 68.52% of the study participants were satisfied with the explanation of the disease process and treatment plan offered by the treating doctor. Approximately 52.77% perceived social stigma as an obstacle to treatment, whereas 58.33% had difficulties adjusting to change of home or workplace routines.

Conclusion:
The awareness level regarding clubfoot in the primary caregivers in the Indian scenario is low and has an implication on successful treatment and compliance.
Adherence to antihypertensive therapy and its determinants among patients attending primary care hospitals of Kashmir, India
Authors: Raja Waseem , Ayub Taha , Jeelani Asif , Khan S. Muhammad Salim 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Adherence to antihypertensive therapy is an important factor in determining the clinical course of hypertension. This study was planned to estimate adherence to antihypertensive therapy and its determinants among OPD patients attending two primary care hospitals in Kashmir valley.

Methods:
This study employed a cross-sectional study design. All subjects who reported to OPD between October and December 2020 and had been prescribed antihypertensive medications for at least 1 year were included. Sociodemographic information was collected on a pretested schedule and adherence to medications was assessed by using the-14 item Hill-Bone HBP Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (HB-HBP). Mann–Whitney test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used.

Results:
A total of 406 subjects were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 58 years for women and 56 years for men. The sample comprised 54% women. More than 60% of subjects were currently married, urban area residents, and belonged to middle strata of social class. The mean score obtained in the HB-MAS (maximum score 56) was 19.26 (SD ± 4.3). Subjects aged 60 years and above, those belonging to lower socioeconomic class, and subjects prescribed three or more drugs with more than once-daily dosing regimen had higher odds of having poor adherence.

Conclusion:
There is suboptimal adherence among OPD patients at primary care level. There is a need for enhanced counselling regarding medication adherence particularly for elderly, poor, illiterate persons and those prescribed multiple medicines with more than once-daily dosing.
Comparison of standard dose with high dose of methylprednisolone in the management of COVID-19 patients admitted in ICU
Authors: Singhai Abhishek , Bhagtana Parneet Kaur , Pawar Neeraj , Pavan G. Sai 
Published: December 2021

Context:
The pathological progression in severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) includes an excessive and unregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. Though the efficacy of corticosteroids like methylprednisolone (MPS) in severe COVID-19 is proven now, its dose and duration are not precise.

Aims:
Our study aimed to compare the effect of a standard dose (SD) of MPS (60–120 mg/day) to a high dose (HD) of MPS (>120 mg/day) on the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Settings and Design:
This study was a cross-sectional study. Patients admitted to AIIMS, Bhopal’s intensive care unit (ICU) from July 2020 to March 2021 were enrolled in the study.

Methods and Material:
The patient’s medical records were extracted from the medical record section of the hospital. The primary endpoint was the all-cause mortality during the hospital stay. The secondary endpoints were the need for mechanical ventilation, the use of vasopressors, the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and secondary infections.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were entered in the MS Excel spreadsheet and coded appropriately.

Results:
Our data showed that survival, the need for mechanical ventilation, the occurrence of AKI, and secondary bacterial infection are comparable among the two groups with no significant difference. The logistic regression analysis showed that there is a slightly higher risk of death for patients with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving HD of corticosteroids compared to SD, though these results were found to be statistically non-significant.

Conclusions:
In hospitalized patients suffering from severe COVID-19 pneumonia, an SD of MPS is as effective as an HD of MPS in terms of reduction in mortality and need for mechanical ventilation.
The community health impasse
Authors: Warnky David , Balachandra Swathi S. , Prasad Ramakrishna , Sykes Kevin J. , Lall Dorothy , Bhojani Upendra M. 
Published: December 2021

Context:
As social position rises, health improves. Alma Ata set the stage for community-oriented primary care (COPC), and family medicine is perfectly positioned to integrate Social Determinants of Health. India presents a unique environment for innovations in family medicine.

Aims:
This study aimed to (1) assess the ability of different primary care practices to address the social determinants of health (SDoH); (2) identify key obstacles and supports; and (3) provide practical insights to family physicians and other primary care providers (PCPs) for the integration of SDoH and clinical primary care.

Settings and Design:
A diverse sample of primary healthcare practices were selected in southern India for investigation. Data collection involved observation and informal interviews.

Methods and Material:
The researchers used general observation and informal interviews to collect data. Investigators used a basic interview guide to structure conversations and formal journal entries were recorded immediately following each visit.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Thematic analysis was conducted with NVIVO software to categorize major themes.

Results:
Seventeen primary healthcare practices were observed; eleven were formally enrolled for interviews. Four inputs and three outputs of socially oriented primary care practices were identified. The inputs include leadership style, appropriate staffing, funding structures, and patient panels. Social interventions, community contact, and treasuring community empowerment were the major outputs.

Conclusions:
Community health lies at the heart of strengthening primary healthcare. Establishing practices that bridge the gap between clinical primary care and SDoH initiatives need to be prioritized. This study fosters agency for family physicians and PCPs to engage with local communities and lead the path toward this integration.
Prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of growth impairment among Saudi children and adolescents
Authors: Al-Hussaini Abdulrahman , Bashir Muhammad Salman , Khormi Musa , Alkhamis Wahid , Alrajhi Mona , Halal Thana 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Saudi Arabia has witnessed economic prosperity leading to changes in diet and lifestyle. Concurrent with these changes, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are rising. No recent data exist on the trends and pattern of growth impairment among Saudi children. We aimed to provide the most recent estimate of the prevalence of thinness and short stature among healthy school-aged children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to investigate the effect of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on growth impairment.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among schoolchildren in Riyadh. A sample of 7931 children (67% girls) aged 6–16 years was randomly selected. Body mass index (BMI) z-score <−2 SD and height z-score <−2 SD, for age and sex, using the WHO reference 2007, defined thinness and short stature, respectively. To assess the impact of SES on growth, we categorized SES into 4 levels by incorporating 4 main indicators: parents’ educational level, family income, type of residence, and parents’ jobs.

Results:
The prevalence of short stature was 15%, and the prevalence of thinness was 3.5%. Stratification of the thinness prevalence rate according to gender indicated that boys were significantly thinner than girls (4.7% versus 2.8%, P = 0.048). Short stature was significantly higher among children in the lower SES classes than among their counterparts in the higher SES classes. Parents of thin children were more likely to be less educated, have less income, live in apartments, and have a lower SES than parents of overweight and obese children.

Conclusions:
The rate of thinness among Saudi children is low, similar to that in developed countries, and is significantly correlated with SES.
Comparative Study on Mechanic Workshop Polluted Soil Treated With Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia) Juice, Powder and Inorganic Lime Fertilizer
Authors: Stephen E. , Oyebamiji O.O. , Otorkpa O.J. , Latena S. , Sunday A.I. , Idoko P.A. 
Published: December 2021

An assessment of mechanic workshop polluted soil treated with 16.6% lime juice (MSAL), mechanic workshop polluted soil treated with lime powder (MSLP) and mechanic workshop polluted soil treated with inorganic lime fertilizer (MSLF) was conducted for a period of 56 days. The study revealed higher microbial counts in the treated soils compared to mechanic oil free soil (MFS). The total viable bacterial counts observed ranged from 1.6×104 cfu/g to 6.8×104 cfu/g for MSF, 2.2×104 cfu/g – 26.2×104 cfu/g for MSAL, 1.2×104 cfu/g -17.2×104 cfu/g for MSLP and 6.8× 104 cfu/g – 16.0 × 104 cfu/g for MSLF while fungi counts ranged from 2.5×104 cfu/g to 6.4×104 cfu/g for MFS, 4.0×104 cfu/g – 16.4×104 cfu/g for MSAL, 2.6×104 cfu/g -3.8×104 cfu/g for MSLP and 2.1× 104 cfu/g – 4.0 × 104 cfu/g for MSLF. Organisms isolated in the course of the study includes Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Micrococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp, Saccharomyces sp, and Rhizopus sp. The physicochemical results showed that MSAL had higher moisture content, organic matter content, organic carbon, and nitrate than MSF, MSLP and MSLF. There were significant differences in pH, organic matter content, organic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus at 0.05 probability level, but there was no significant different in the moisture content of the soil undergoing treatment. This is an indication that Lime juice has a greater potential in bioremediation of mechanic workshop polluted soil compared to lime powder and inorganic lime fertilizer.
Hacia un planteamiento interdisciplinar en la iniciación a la modelización económica en el Bachillerato: una propuesta en torno a la derivada y el análisis marginal
Authors: Gutiérrez-Portilla María , Gutiérrez-Portilla Paula , Álvarez-Causelo Pedro 
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo se describe un objeto virtual de aprendizaje (OVA) elaborado bajo una perspectiva interdisciplinar que abarca las materias de Economía y Matemáticas aplicadas a las Ciencias Sociales, correspondientes ambas a la modalidad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del Bachillerato. Dicho OVA está constituido por una secuencia de construcciones elaboradas con el software Geogebra y organizadas en torno al concepto matemático de función derivada y su papel como herramienta básica en la modelización económica (asociado fundamentalmente a lo que suele denominarse análisis marginal).
La propuesta se realiza con la intención de ejemplificar el tipo de materiales y actividades que podrían diseñarse y utilizarse de una manera integradora por parte del profesorado de ambas materias. Desde el punto de vista de la docencia de la economía, se considera que este tipo de planteamientos facilitaría la transferencia de los conocimientos de matemáticas al ámbito de la modelización económica, lo que resulta especialmente relevante en relación con la finalidad propedéutica del Bachillerato. Desde el de la docencia de las matemáticas, tanto la investigación relacionada con su didáctica como el propio currículo de la materia para la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y el Bachillerato, reflejan la importancia de incluir la modelización, no sólo por su interés como contenido, sino también por su función vehicular en tanto que facilitadora del aprendizaje de los conceptos matemáticos.
THE USE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN THE TREATMENT OF AN INFECTED WOUND IN A COW
Authors: Kostyuk N. I. , Pinchuk S. V. , Gapeeva T. A. , Vasilevich I. B. , Lomako Yu. V. , Kazakova E. F. , Barsukova M. V. , Borisik R. N. , Rukol V. M. , Volotovsky I. D. 
Published: December 2021

The effectiveness of the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bovine adipose tissue for the treatment of an infected wound in a cow was studied.
The results of clinical studies indicate that the introduction of MSCs of adipose tissue in the wound area of the cow contributes to the rapid epithelization and restoration of the skin.
A NECESSIDADE DA IMPERMEABILIZAÇÃO NAS EDIFICAÇÕES DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL
Authors: Mancini Sampaio Rafael , Gonçalves Ferreira Filho Walter , Florian Fabiana 
Published: December 2021

Na atualidade a construção civil tem priorizado o alto padrão na qualidade do serviço. Essa postura requer atenção redobrada do profissional na gestão do empreendimento para cumprimento de exigências dos consumidores, instituídas por Norma de Desempenho. A infiltração é responsável por patologias de dano em construções que podem ser de irremediável reparação sendo indispensável um projeto específico para evitar esse problema. Entre as propostas para o nivelamento pela qualidade e no combate a infiltração, consta a utilização de sistemas de impermeabilização com técnicas especiais e tipos diversos, de acordo com a área descoberta da edificação. Esta possui norma específica, Impermeabilização: Seleção e Projeto de Impermeabilização. Com objetivo de aumentar o conhecimento específico sobre a técnica da impermeabilização e conferir maior competência profissional nessa área, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre motivos da ocorrência das patologias de dano que levaram construções a ficarem arruinadas pela falta de observância dessa norma. A pesquisa desenvolvida realçou a necessidade dessa providência nas obras e reforçou o interesse pelo aprofundamento de conhecimento no assunto, para garantir melhor condição técnica no exercício da profissão.
Trabalho decente diante de incertezas advindas das inovações tecnológicas da era digital
Authors: Godinho Pimentel Gomes Dinaura 
Published: December 2021

O avanço da tecnologia de plataformas tem propiciado a precarização do trabalho. O acesso ao trabalho decente e a manutenção do emprego passaram a depender inexoravelmente da educação e do contínuo desenvolvimento das capacidades e potencialialidades humanas, para adequação às atuais exigências do mercado econômico globalizado. O direito à educação de qualidade e o direito ao trabalho para todos são os meios indispensáveis para o exercício da cidadania em prol do desenvolvimento e da sustentabilidade econômica do País. Nesse contexto de modernidade tecnológica, a Justiça do Trabalho, com sua competência ampliada em face da Emenda Constitucional n. 45/2004, tem plenas condições de adaptar e aplicar a legislação do trabalho, à luz da Constituição Federal, no julgamento de conflitos que envolvem novas relações de trabalho. Assim, tem como impedir que muitos trabalhadores sob demanda via aplicativos continuem sendo injustamente descartados da proteção jurídica e transferidos para a informalidade.
Análise empírica da fragilidade ambiental na microrregião Rio Vermelho (GO)
Authors: Soares Cleonice Batista Regis , Martins Alécio Perini 
Published: December 2021

A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar níveis hierarquizados de fragilidade ambiental na Microrregião Geográfica Rio Vermelho (GO), como forma de subsidiar tomada de decisão e planejamento de uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. Para tanto, adotou-se a proposta metodológica de Ross (1994), com base nas variáveis ambientais de dissecção do relevo, pluviometria, tipo de solo e uso e cobertura da terra, e a utilização de Geotecnologias de Informação na determinação de informações de síntese referentes à Fragilidade Potencial e Fragilidade Emergente. Os resultados obtidos para a Fragilidade Potencial consistem em quatro classes hierarquizadas que são: muito fraco (37,57 %), seguida da classe médio (32,81 %), fraco (29,13 %) e forte (0,49 %). Para a Fragilidade Emergente foram geradas três classes hierárquicas de fragilidade, predominando a classe fraco ocupando (69,04 %), seguido da classe médio (30,94 %) e forte (0,02 %).
APLICAÇÃO DA ESPECTROSCOPIA FT-IR E RAMAN PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE SOLO OBTIDO EM ESCAVAÇÃO NO SÍTIO ARQUEOLÓGICO TEMPLO DOS PILARES, MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Seccatto Cássia Patrícia , Nobrega Jaldair Araujo e , Muzzi Rozanna Marques , Aguiar Rodrigo Luiz Simas de 
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo buscou determinar através da técnica FT-IR e Raman, características do solo coletado no sítio arqueológico ‘Templo dos Pilares’ localizado no município de Alcinópolis. Através da análise de FT-IR, pode-se observar que os átomos de compostos orgânicos podem ter sua vibração com amplitude aumentada ao redor das ligações covalentes que os ligam, nesse processo cada mudança de nível de energia vibracional corresponde uma série de mudanças de níveis de energia rotacional e assim originando as bandas com diferentes comprimentos de ondas observadas no espectro.APPLICATION OF FT-IR AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL OBTAINED IN EXCAVATION AT THE PILLARS-MS TEMPLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, MATO GROSSO DO SUL ABSTRACTThe present study sought to determine, using the FT-IR and Raman technique, characteristics of the soil collected at the archaeological site ‘Temple of the Pillars’ located in the municipality of Alcinópolis. Through the analysis of FT-IR, it can be observed that the atoms of compounds can have their vibration with increased amplitude around the connections of the bonds that connect them, in this process each change of level of vibrational energy corresponding to a series of level changes of rotational energy and thus originating the bands with different wavelengths observed in the spectrum.Keywords: FT-IR; Characterization; Archaeological.