bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lengths of trachea and main bronchus in Chinese Shanghai population
Authors: Ge Xiahui , Huang Haidong , Bai Chong , Guo Xuejun , Kosmidis Christoforos , Sapalidis Konstantinos , Baka Sofia , Tsakiridis Kosmas , Hohenforst-Schmidt Wolfgang , Freitag Lutz , Vagionas Anastasios , Drevelegas Konstantinos , Zarogoulidis Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe knowledge of airway length is the theoretical basis in the diagnosis and management of airway disease. The objective of this study is to measure the length of trachea and left and right main bronchus in Chinese Shanghai population. A total of 153 consecutive adult patients with minor pulmonary disease in Xinhua hospital were enrolled for bronchoscopy examination. Measurements were conducted on head and neck neutral position and height, weight and age for each patient were recorded either. Student t test and multiple linear regression was used to compare means between males and females and to analyze correlation among height, weight, sexual dimorphism and the lengths of the trachea and bronchus. The lengths of the trachea and left main bronchus are significantly different between male and female patients (P < 0.01), but not for the lengths of right main bronchus between man and woman. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that height but not sexual dimorphism and weight correlated with the lengths of the trachea and right main bronchus. The lengths of the trachea and left main bronchus are significantly longer in males than in females. Moreover, height but not sexual dimorphism and weight influenced the length of airway.
Oral administration of resveratrol or lactic acid bacterium improves lens elasticity
Authors: Nagashima Hayato , Sasaki Nobunari , Amano Sachie , Nakamura Shigeru , Hayano Motoshi , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA decrease in the elasticity of the ocular lens during aging is associated with loss of the accommodative ability of the eye, leading to presbyopia. Although near vision impairment is a social issue affecting the length of healthy life expectancy and productivity of elderly people, an effective treatment to improve near vision has not yet become available. Here we examined the effect ofEnterococcus faeciumWB2000,Lactobacillus pentosusTJ515, and resveratrol on lens elasticity in rats, where the stiffness of the ocular lens increases exponentially during the aging process. A combination of WB2000 and resveratrol improved lens elasticity not only in the long term but also with just short-term treatment. In addition, TJ515 decreased stiffness in the eye lens with long-term treatment. Therefore, the oral administration of WB2000 and resveratrol or TJ515 may be a potential approach for managing the progression of near vision impairment.
Subthreshold laser treatment for reticular pseudodrusen secondary to age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Querques Giuseppe , Sacconi Riccardo , Gelormini Francesco , Borrelli Enrico , Prascina Francesco , Zucchiatti Ilaria , Querques Lea , Bandello Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a lack of treatment aimed at the regression of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of this prospective, pilot study is to evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of subthreshold laser treatment (SLT) in patients affected by RPD secondary to dry AMD (dAMD). Twenty eyes of 20 patients (mean age 78.4 ± 6.8 years) with RPD secondary to dAMD were prospectively enrolled. All patients were treated in an extrafoveal area of 1.27 mm2 using end-point management yellow subthreshold laser and followed for 3 months. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.140 ± 0.09 LogMAR at the baseline and no changes were observed during the follow-up (p = 0.232). No significant worsening was disclosed before and after the treatment analyzing the macular sensitivity of the treated area (p = 0.152). No topical and/or systemic side effects were disclosed during the 3-month follow-up. The distribution among the RPD stages changed after the treatment (p < 0.001). In detail, in the treated area, we observed a significant increase in the number of Stage 1 RPD during the follow-up (p = 0.002), associated with a significant decrease of Stage 3 RPD (p = 0.020). Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness analysis showed a significant increase after the treatment associated with RPD regression (p = 0.001). End-point management SLT appears a safe treatment for RPD secondary to dAMD, showing short-term safety outcomes. Our results suggest that SLT could be effective in inducing a RPD regression in terms of RPD stage and ONL thickening.
Safety, biodistribution and viral shedding of oncolytic vaccinia virus TG6002 administered intravenously in healthy beagle dogs
Authors: Béguin Jérémy , Gantzer Murielle , Farine Isabelle , Foloppe Johann , Klonjkowski Bernard , Maurey Christelle , Quéméneur Éric , Erbs Philippe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOncolytic virotherapy is an emerging strategy that uses replication-competent viruses to kill tumor cells. We have reported the oncolytic effects of TG6002, a recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus, in preclinical human xenograft models and canine tumor explants. To assess the safety, biodistribution and shedding of TG6002 administered by the intravenous route, we conducted a study in immune-competent healthy dogs. Three dogs each received a single intravenous injection of TG6002 at 105PFU/kg, 106PFU/kg or 107PFU/kg, and one dog received three intravenous injections at 107PFU/kg. The injections were well tolerated without any clinical, hematological or biochemical adverse events. Viral genomes were only detected in blood at the earliest sampling time point of one-hour post-injection at 107PFU/kg. Post mortem analyses at day 35 allowed detection of viral DNA in the spleen of the dog which received three injections at 107PFU/kg. Viral genomes were not detected in the urine, saliva or feces of any dogs. Seven days after the injections, a dose-dependent antibody mediated immune response was identified. In conclusion, intravenous administration of TG6002 shows a good safety profile, supporting the initiation of clinical trials in canine cancer patients as well as further development as a human cancer therapy.
Atorvastatin impairs liver mitochondrial function in obese Göttingen Minipigs but heart and skeletal muscle are not affected
Authors: Christiansen Liselotte Bruun , Dohlmann Tine Lovsø , Ludvigsen Trine Pagh , Parfieniuk Ewa , Ciborowski Michal , Szczerbinski Lukasz , Kretowski Adam , Desler Claus , Tiano Luca , Orlando Patrick , Martinussen Torben , Olsen Lisbeth Høier , Larsen Steen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStatins lower the risk of cardiovascular events but have been associated with mitochondrial functional changes in a tissue-dependent manner. We investigated tissue-specific modifications of mitochondrial function in liver, heart and skeletal muscle mediated by chronic statin therapy in a Göttingen Minipig model. We hypothesized that statins enhance the mitochondrial function in heart but impair skeletal muscle and liver mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiratory capacities, citrate synthase activity, coenzyme Q10 concentrations and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were analyzed in samples of liver, heart and skeletal muscle from three groups of Göttingen Minipigs: a lean control group (CON, n = 6), an obese group (HFD, n = 7) and an obese group treated with atorvastatin for 28 weeks (HFD + ATO, n = 7). Atorvastatin concentrations were analyzed in each of the three tissues and in plasma from the Göttingen Minipigs. In treated minipigs, atorvastatin was detected in the liver and in plasma. A significant reduction in complex I + II-supported mitochondrial respiratory capacity was seen in liver of HFD + ATO compared to HFD (P = 0.022). Opposite directed but insignificant modifications of mitochondrial respiratory capacity were seen in heart versus skeletal muscle in HFD + ATO compared to the HFD group. In heart muscle, the HFD + ATO had significantly higher PCC compared to the HFD group (P = 0.0323). In the HFD group relative to CON, liver mitochondrial respiration decreased whereas in skeletal muscle, respiration increased but these changes were insignificant when normalizing for mitochondrial content. Oral atorvastatin treatment in Göttingen Minipigs is associated with a reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity in the liver that may be linked to increased content of atorvastatin in this organ.
Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcer, a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Sharma Suresh K. , Mudgal Shiv Kumar , Jelly Prasuna , Thakur Kalpana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudies have suggested that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is effective in the healing of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU); however, there is a lack of consensus. Therefore, to assess the efficacy of HBOT on diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients, controlled clinical trials were searched through PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical key, Ovid Discovery, ERMED, Clinical Trials.gov databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other sources until 15 September 2020. Studies that evaluated the effect of HBOT on diabetic foot ulcer, complete healing, amputation, adverse events, ulcer reduction area, and mortality rate were included. Of 1984 study records screened, 14 studies (768 participants) including twelve RCTs, and two CCTs were included as per inclusion criteria. The results with pooled analysis have shown that HBOT was significantly effective in complete healing of diabetic foot ulcer (OR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.14–0.61; I2 = 62%) and reduction of major amputation (RR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.39–0.92; I2 = 24%). Although, it was not effective for minor amputations (RR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.34–1.97; I2 = 79%); however, less adverse events were reported in standard treatment group (RR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.07–2.65; I2 = 0%). Nevertheless, reduction in mean percentage of ulcer area and mortality rate did not differ in HBOT and control groups. This review provides an evidence that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective as an adjunct treatment measure for the diabetes foot ulcers. These findings could be generalized cautiously by considering methodological flaws within all studies.
Detection of a peritumoral pseudocapsule in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy using enhanced MDCT
Authors: Toguchi Makoto , Takagi Toshio , Ogawa Yuko , Morita Satoru , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Kondo Tsunenori , Iizuka Junpei , Ishida Hideki , Nagashima Yoji , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo investigate the detection of peritumoral pseudocapsule (PC) using multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) for tumors resected by robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Study participants included 206 patients with clinical T1 RCC who underwent RAPN between October 2017 and February 2018. Two radiologists who were blinded to the pathological findings evaluated the computed tomography (CT) images. Radiological diagnosis of a PC was defined by a combination of observations, including a low-attenuation rim between the tumor and renal cortex in the cortico-medullary phase and a high-attenuation rim at the edge of the tumor in the nephrogenic or excretory phase. A PC was detected on CT in 156/206 tumors (76%) and identified by pathology in 182/206 (88%) tumors including 153/166 (92%) clear cell RCC, 13/14 (93%) papillary RCC, and 7/16 (44%) chromophobe RCC. In the whole cohort, CT findings showed a sensitivity of 81.3% (148/182), specificity of 66.7% (16/24), and positive predictive value of 94.9% (148/156). When the data were stratified according to pathological subtypes, MDCT was observed to have a sensitivity of 86.9% (133/153) and specificity of 61.5% (8/13) in clear cell RCC, sensitivity of 38.5% (5/13) and specificity of 100% (1/1) in papillary RCC, and sensitivity of 44.4% (4/7) and specificity of 66.7% (6/9) in chromophobe RCC. A low or high-attenuation rim around the tumor in the cortico-medullary or nephrographic-to-excretory phase indicates a PC of RCC, though the accuracy is not satisfactory even with 64- or 320-detector MDCT.
A first-principles study on the electronic and optical properties of a type-II C2N/g-ZnO van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Song Jianxun , Zheng Hua , Liu Minxia , Zhang Geng , Ling Dongxiong , Wei Dongshan 
Published: January 2021

The structural, electronic and optical properties of a new vdW heterostructure, C2N/g-ZnO, with an intrinsic type-II band alignment and a direct bandgap of 0.89 eV at the Γ point are extensively studied by DFT calculations.
Role of B lymphocytes in the infarcted mass in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Casarotti Ana C.A. , Teixeira Daniela , Longo-Maugeri Ieda M. , Ishimura Mayari E. , Coste Maria E.R. , Bianco Henrique T. , Moreira Flavio T. , Bacchin Amanda F. , Izar Maria C. , Gonçalves Iran , Caixeta Adriano , Szarf Gilberto , Pinto Ibraim M. , Fonseca Francisco A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite early reperfusion, patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may present large myocardial necrosis and significant impairment of ventricular function. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of subtypes of B lymphocytes and related cytokines in the infarcted mass and left ventricular ejection fraction obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed after 30 days of STEMI. This prospective study included 120 subjects with STEMI submitted to pharmacoinvasive strategy. Blood samples were collected in subjects in the first (D1) and 30th (D30) days post STEMI. The amount of CD11b+ B1 lymphocytes (cells/ml) at D1 were related to the infarcted mass (rho = 0.43; P=0.033), measured by cardiac MRI at D30. These B1 cells were associated with CD4+ T lymphocytes at D1 and D30, while B2 classic lymphocytes at day 30 were related to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Higher titers of circulating IL-4 and IL-10 were observed at D30 versus D1 (P=0.013 and P&lt;0.001, respectively). Titers of IL-6 at D1 were associated with infarcted mass (rho = 0.41, P&lt;0.001) and inversely related to LVEF (rho = −0.38, P&lt;0.001). After multiple linear regression analysis, high-sensitivity troponin T and IL-6 collected at day 1 were independent predictors of infarcted mass and, at day 30, only HDL-C. Regarding LVEF, high-sensitivity troponin T and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were independent predictors at day 1, and B2 classic lymphocytes, at day 30. In subjects with STEMI, despite early reperfusion, the amount of infarcted mass and ventricular performance were related to inflammatory responses triggered by circulating B lymphocytes.
DNA hybridisation kinetics using single-molecule fluorescence imaging
Authors: Andrews Rebecca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridisation plays a key role in many biological processes and nucleic acid biotechnologies, yet surprisingly there are many aspects about the process which are still unknown. Prior to the invention of single-molecule microscopy, DNA hybridisation experiments were conducted at the ensemble level, and thus it was impossible to directly observe individual hybridisation events and understand fully the kinetics of DNA hybridisation. In this mini-review, recent single-molecule fluorescence-based studies of DNA hybridisation are discussed, particularly for short nucleic acids, to gain more insight into the kinetics of DNA hybridisation. As well as looking at single-molecule studies of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting DNA hybridisation kinetics, the influence of the methods used to detect hybridisation of single DNAs is considered. Understanding the kinetics of DNA hybridisation not only gives insight into an important biological process but also allows for further advancements in the growing field of nucleic acid biotechnology.
Wie hoch ist die optimale Mindestmenge für die Behandlung
Frühgeborener mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1250 g in
Deutschland?
Authors: Heller Günther , Schnell Rainer , Rossi Rainer , Thomas Teresa , Maier Rolf F. 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Zahlreiche Studien haben einen Zusammenhang zwischen
Fallzahl und Ergebnissen bei der Versorgung von Frühgeborenen mit
sehr niedrigem Geburtsgewicht untersucht. Allerdings existieren keine
Veröffentlichungen zur Frage, ob ein Schwellenwert mit einem
optimalen Effekt nach Einführung einer Mindestmenge identifiziert
werden kann
Methoden Datengrundlage bilden die auf www.perinatalzentren.org
veröffentlichten Daten von über 56 000
Frühgeborenen mit einem Geburtsgewicht < 1250 g
(FG<1250), die in Perinatalzentren Level 1 von 2010 bis 2018
behandelt wurden. Potentiell vermeidbare Todesfälle bei
Einführung von Mindestmengen wurden errechnet, indem beobachtete und
erwartete Todesfälle auf Basis von logistischen
Regressionsgleichungen für alle empirisch besetzten Fallzahlen von
Perinatalzentren in Beziehung gesetzt wurden. Verschiedene
Glättungsfunktionen wurden genutzt, um mögliche
Schwellenwerte zu ermitteln.
Ergebnisse Unabhängig vom Analysezeitraum und den
Glättungsmethoden zeigte sich die höchste Anzahl potentiell
vermeidbarer Todesfälle bei 50–60 FG<1250 pro Jahr.
Würde eine Mindestmenge von 50 FG<1250 ohne
Übergangsphase eingeführt, verblieben ein Viertel der
Perinatalzentren Level 1. Etwa 60% aller FG<1250
müssten umverteilt werden.
Schlussfolgerung In Vorbereitung zur Einführung einer
optimalen Mindestmenge scheinen Analysen zur regionalen Erreichbarkeit
notwendig. Dabei sollten Zentren berücksichtigt werden, von denen
erwartet werden kann, dass sie durch sekundäre Umverteilungen die
Mindestmenge künftig erreichen werden.
Catalytic Activation of a Carbon–Chloride Bond by Dicationic Tellurium-Based Chalcogen Bond Donors
Authors: Huber Stefan M. , Steinke Tim , Wonner Patrick , Engelage Elric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNoncovalent interactions such as halogen bonding (XB) and chalcogen bonding (ChB) have gained increased interest over the last decade. Whereas XB-based organocatalysis has been studied in some detail by now, intermolecular ChB catalysis only emerged quite recently. Herein, bidentate cationic tellurium-based chalcogen bond donors are employed in the catalytic chloride abstraction of 1-chloroisochroman. While selenium-based ChB catalysts showed only minor activity in this given benchmark reaction, tellurium-based variants exhibited strong activity, with rate accelerations of up to 40 relative to non-chalogenated reference compounds. In general, the activity of the catalysts improved with weaker coordinating counterions, but tetrafluoroborate took part in a fluoride transfer side reaction. Catalyst stability was confirmed via a fluoro-tagged variant.
Silyl Cyanopalladate-Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts-Type Cyclization Affording 3-Aryloxindole Derivatives
Authors: Yurino Taiga , Ohkuma Takeshi , Ece Hamdiye , Tange Yuji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract3-Aryloxindole derivatives were synthesized through a Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization. The reaction was catalyzed by a trimethylsilyl tricyanopalladate complex generated in situ from trimethylsilyl cyanide and Pd(OAc)2. Wide varieties of diethyl phosphates derived from N-arylmandelamides were converted almost quantitatively into oxindoles. When N,N-dibenzylamide was used instead of an anilide substrate, a benzo-fused δ-lactam was obtained. An oxindole product was subjected to substitution reactions to afford 3,3-diaryloxindoles with two different aryl groups.
Validity of Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score as an Outcome Predictor in Pediatric ICU of a Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Mazhar Muhammad Bilal , Hamid Muhammad Haroon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM-2) is one of the leading mortality scores used in intensive care units all around the world. We assessed its validity as an outcome predictor in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Mayo Hospital/King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan. We enrolled 154 consecutive admissions, aged 1 month to 13 years, requiring intensive care from January to June of 2019. Patient demographics along with PIM-2 data were collected; PIM-2 score and mortality risk was calculated; and the outcome recorded as death or survival. The median age at admission was 0.50 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.24–1.78) and the median weight was 5.0 kg (IQR: 3.08–10.0) with females constituting 54%; malnutrition was also common (66%). Observed mortality was 29.9% (46 out of 154) and expected mortality (cut-off ≥ 99.8%) was 27.9% with a standardized mortality ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–1.41). Sepsis was the most common diagnosis at admission (27.9%) with the highest mortality (52.2%). Chi-square analysis revealed a sensitivity of 54.3% and a specificity of 83.3% (p-value 0.00). PIM-2 score showed acceptable discrimination between survivors and nonsurvivors with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67–0.84) (p-value = 0.00); however, poor calibration according to Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test (Chi-square = 15.80, df = 7, and p-value of 0.027 [< 0.1]), thus requiring recalibration according to local population characteristics.
The Changing Pattern of the Quantum of Biomedical Waste Generated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi
Authors: Achra Arvind , Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Sahoo Sambit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background As a consequence of growth and advancement in health care, production of health care waste has seen an exponential upward trend. Waste from individual health care facilities can vary based on the nature and scope of health care services they provide.
Objectives To analyze the amount of biomedical waste generated by a tertiary care hospital.
Methods Biomedical waste generated by the hospital from 2005 to 2019 was quantified and analyzed to calculate the total amount of incinerable waste, recyclable plastic waste, and sharp and glass waste. The amount of waste generated per bed per day and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) were also calculated.
Results The total amount of biomedical waste generated in 2005 was 65,658 kg, which has substantially increased to 374,712 kg in 2019, with a CAGR of 12.5%. The hospital was producing average biomedical waste of 0.179 kg/bed/day in 2005, which has increased four times in 2019 to reach 0.709 kg/bed/day. The overall estimated plastic waste was 31% of the total biomedical waste in 2005 and 53% in 2019.
Conclusion The generation of biomedical waste is likely to see significant upward trends unless diligent deliberations are held between different stakeholders in regard to the reintroduction of reusable materials and waste reduction strategies.
Efficient and affordable thermomagnetic materials for harvesting low grade waste heat
Authors: Dzekan Daniel , Waske Anja , Nielsch Kornelius , Fähler Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

Industrial processes release substantial quantities of waste heat, which can be harvested to generate electricity. At present, the conversion of low grade waste heat to electricity relies solely on thermoelectric materials, but such materials are expensive and have low thermodynamic efficiencies. Although thermomagnetic materials may offer a promising alternative, their performance remains to be evaluated, thereby hindering their real-world application. Here, the efficiency and cost effectiveness of thermomagnetic materials are evaluated for the usage in motors, oscillators, and generators for converting waste heat to electricity. The analysis reveals that up to temperature differences of several 10 K, the best thermomagnetic materials have the potential to compete with thermoelectric materials. Importantly, it is found that the price per watt of some thermomagnetic materials is much lower compared to that of present-day thermoelectrics, which can become competitive with conventional power plants. This materials library enables the selection of the best available thermomagnetic materials for harvesting waste heat and gives guidelines for their future development.