bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold atmospheric plasma decontamination of SARS‐CoV‐2 bioaerosols
Authors: Bisag Alina , Isabelli Pasquale , Laghi Giulia , Laurita Romolo , Dirani Giorgio , Taddei Francesca , Bucci Cristiana , Capelli Filippo , Gherardi Matteo , Paglianti Alessandro , Sambri Vittorio , Colombo Vittorio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBioaerosols (aerosolized particles with biological origin) are strongly suspected to play a significant role in the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), especially in closed indoor environments. Thus, control technologies capable of effectively inactivating bioaerosols are urgently needed. In this regard, cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) can represent a suitable option, thanks to its ability to produce reactive species, which can exert antimicrobial action. In this study, results; on the total inactivation of SARS‐CoV‐2 contained in bioaerosols treated using CAP generated in air are reported, demonstrating the possible use of CAP systems for the control of SARS‐CoV‐2 diffusion through bioaerosols.
Facile Synthesis of Conductive Flexible Composite Sn@Ag Microspheres and their Application in Anisotropic Conductive Films
Authors: Zhang Wen Hua , Fan Pei Yuan , Yu Xianglei , Cheng Jun Hua , Cheng Ding Xiang , Liu Cheng Bing , Gan Guo You , Li Jun Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComposite microspheres with noble metal nanoshells are advantageous in flexible circuit connections, flip chips, and chemical sensors. It is difficult for Polystyrene microspheres to cover a complete Ag layer, and hard metal microspheres have no deformability. These two reasons have contributed to this research. This report demonstrates a facile synthesis route that chemically deposits an Ag layer on the surface of 30 µm Sn microspheres to form a composite Sn@Ag double‐layer structure, which is suitable for anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) with linewidths greater than 100 µm. Scanning electron microscope analysis reveals that the surface Ag coating thickness can be controlled within the range of 737 nm–5.62 µm by varying the amount of Ag source applied, and trace free Ag particles are produced during the preparation process. An anisotropic conductive adhesive film is successfully fabricated and hot‐pressed after the film‐on‐film flexible circuit board. The microspheres form an ACF single‐layer structure after hot pressing. Hot pressing in the range of 10–20 MPa can ensure deformation and avoid Ag shell cracking, and the deformation is determined when Sn@Ag is in contact with the circuit surfaces at both ends. This approach provides a potential method of preparing low‐cost and high‐performance ACFs.
Antifungal activity and mode of action of synthetic peptides derived from the tick OsDef2 defensin
Authors: Mbuayama Kabuzi R. , Taute Helena , Strӧmstedt Adam A. , Bester Megan J. , Gaspar Anabella R. M. 
Published: December 2021

Candida albicans is the principal opportunistic fungal pathogen in nosocomial settings and resistance to antifungal drugs is on the rise. Antimicrobial peptides from natural sources are promising novel therapeutics against C. albicans. OsDef2 defensin was previously found to be active against only Gram‐positive bacteria, whereas derived fragments Os and its cysteine‐free analogue, Os‐C, are active against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria at low micromolar concentrations. In this study, OsDef2‐derived analogues and fragments were screened for anticandidal activity with the aim to identify peptides with antifungal activity and in so doing obtain a better understanding of the structural requirements for activity and modes of action. Os, Os‐C and Os(11–22)NH2, a Os‐truncated carboxy‐terminal‐amidated fragment, had the most significant antifungal activities, with minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) in the micromolar range (6–28 μM). C. albicans killing was rapid and occurred within 30–60 min. Further investigations showed all three peptides interacted with cell wall derived polysaccharides while both Os and Os(11–22)NH2 permeabilized fungal liposomes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that Os‐C and Os(11–22)NH2 could enter the cytosol of live cells and subsequent findings suggest that the uptake of Os and Os‐C, in contrast to Os(11–22)NH2, is energy dependent. Although Os, Os‐C and Os(11–22)NH2 induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), co‐incubation with ascorbic acid revealed that only ROS generated by Os‐C and to a lesser extent Os(11–22)NH2 resulted in cell death. Overall, Os, Os‐C and Os(11–22)NH2 are promising candidacidal agents.
TITE‐gBOIN: Time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding accounting for toxicity grades
Authors: Takeda Kentaro , Xia Qing , Liu Shufang , Rong Alan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe new therapeutic agents, such as molecular targeted agents and immuno‐oncology therapies, appear more likely to induce multiple toxicities at different grades than dose‐limiting toxicities defined in traditional dose‐finding trials. In addition, it is often challenging to make adaptive decisions on dose escalation and de‐escalation on time because of the fast accrual rate and/or the late‐onset toxicity outcomes, causing the potential suspension of the enrollment and the delay of the trials. To address these issues, we propose a time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate the dose‐finding process utilizing toxicity grades based on both cumulative and pending toxicity outcomes. The proposed design, named “TITE‐gBOIN” design, is a nonparametric and model‐assisted design and has the virtues of robustness, simplicity and straightforward to implement in actual oncology dose‐finding trials. A simulation study shows that the TITE‐gBOIN design has a higher probability of selecting the MTDs correctly and allocating more patients to the MTDs across various realistic settings while reducing the trial duration significantly, therefore can accelerate early‐stage dose‐finding trials.
Performance of attribute control charts for monitoring the shape parameter of modified power function distribution in the presence of measurement error
Authors: Zaka Azam , Naveed Muhammad , Jabeen Riffat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we develop attribute control charts (CCs) using two life data distributions named as Transmuted Power function distribution (TPFD) and Survival Weighted Power function distribution (SWPFD) under a time truncated life test (TTLT). The evaluation of the presented charts is based on the average run length and presented these evaluations in form of tables. The comparative study has been done for the suggested CCs in detail based on the criteria of average run length. We take up a real‐life situation assuming that the lifespan of the items under study follows the TPFD and SWPFD to assess the competence of the proposed idea. A simulation study is given to support our idea that the CCs based on SWPFD performs better as compare to control chart based on TPFD for monitoring of non‐conforming items.
Some new results on the consensus of coupled harmonic oscillators with impulsive control
Authors: Yao Zhongsheng , Vong Seakweng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider the consensus of coupled harmonic oscillators with impulsive control via sampled position data in this article. Leader‐following consensus problem and leaderless consensus problem are investigated by unified analysis. Using joint spectral radius of the set of matrix, the consensus problem is solved without the assumption that the sampling interval is fixed. Some sufficient conditions which are valid for both cases of periodic and aperiodic sampled data control are obtained under a directed network topology. At last, some simulations are provided to support the theoretical analysis.
A review of soft manipulator research, applications, and opportunities
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Zhang Xiang , Huang Yiyong , Cao Lu , Liu Jinguo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoft manipulator is a kind of special manipulator that uses soft material or flexible structure to perform manipulation task under the specific drive mode inspired by the soft tissue. It is developing gradually as an important component of the soft robot. In this paper, the typical design cases of the soft manipulators as well as the related research teams are firstly investigated. The characteristics of different drive modes are compared and analyzed. Based on these investigations, the enabling technologies are systematically summarized in five aspects, such as kinematic and dynamic modeling, motion control, shape detection, dynamic tactile perception, and stiffening method. Currently, the research on soft manipulator has initially formed a technical system, although it is still in the primary stage. With the development of the soft manipulator, its overall technology maturity will be gradually improved. Currently, the applications of the soft manipulator lie mainly in the fields of the ground rescue, the underwater grabbing, the medical operation, the assist maintenance, the man–machine interaction, the space manipulation and so on. The application fields, such as origami soft manipulator, biomimetic soft microrobots, self‐healing soft robot, space soft manipulator and so on, emerge new opportunities and challenges for the soft manipulators.
Extended EDTA Bola‐Amphiphile: Putrescine‐Based 2G Dendron Functionalized with Perylene Diimide
Authors: Singh Prabhpreet , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have synthesized and characterized putrescine based 2G dendron bearing oligocarboxylic acid as hydrophilic groups (protected as tert‐butyl group) at peripheral positions. The multi‐step synthesis of 2G dendron has been carried out through orthogonal protection‐deprotection strategy. This putrescine based 2G dendron is further utilized for N‐Imide functionalization of perylene dianhydride through imidization reaction to obtained tert‐butyl‐protected PDI 2 followed by acidic deprotection to furnish highly water‐soluble bola‐amphiphile PDI 1. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR‐spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry, IR as well as by elemental analysis. The PDI 1 showed increased water solubility in acidic and basic mediums.
Design and Synthesis of Multipurpose Derivatives for N‐Hydroxyimide and NHPI‐based Catalysis Applications**
Authors: Caruso Manfredi , Petroselli Manuel , Cametti Massimo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBi‐ and tricyclic derivatives 1 a and 2 a (Scheme 2) combining the catalytic N‐hydroxyimide NO−H unit with the imidazole moiety were designed as multipurpose derivatives and proposed as chemical tools for achieving improved homogeneous and heterogeneous aerobic oxidation catalysis. BDE tunability, formation of a ZIF and of imidazolium ionic‐liquid‐like materials were obtained for N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)‐based 2 a and here described.
Recent Advances on the Application of Langlois’ Reagent in Organic Transformations
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Ghashghaee Mojtaba , Bigdeli Akram , Farkhondeh Amir , Eskandari Mahboobe , Esfandiari Hesam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLanglois’ reagent (trifluoromethanesulfinate salt) has been proven to be a valuable reagent for the synthesis of various classes of molecules, mainly trifluoromethylated compounds, in academic, biological and industrial research. Synthetic uses of Langlois’ reagent in organic transformations of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds, alkenes, alkynes, boronic acids, carboxylic acids, and etc are discussed.This review aims to demonstrate the ongoing utility of Langlois’ reagent in the preparation of various classes of organic compounds. Furthermore, to address the recent collective papers, the current review summarizes and comprehensively describes manuscripts on synthetic applications of Langlois’ reagent since 2015 until today.
Visualizing Assembly Dynamics of All‐Liquid 3D Architectures
Authors: Gu Pei‐Yang , Kim Paul Y. , Chai Yu , Ashby Paul D. , Xu Qing‐Feng , Liu Feng , Chen Qun , Lu Jian‐Mei , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo better exploit all‐liquid 3D architectures, it is essential to understand dynamic processes that occur during printing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. Here, the interfacial assembly and transition of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H6TPPS) over time provides an opportunity to monitor the interfacial behavior of nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) during all‐liquid printing. The formation of J‐aggregates of H4TPPS2− at the interface and the interfacial conversion of the J‐aggregates of H4TPPS2− to H‐aggregates of H2TPPS4− is demonstrated by interfacial rheology and in situ atomic force microscopy. Equally important are the chromogenic changes that are characteristic of the state of aggregation, where J‐aggregates are green in color and H‐aggregates are red in color. In all‐liquid 3D printed structures, the conversion in the aggregate state with time is reflected in a spatially varying change in the color, providing a simple, direct means of assessing the aggregation state of the molecules and the mechanical properties of the assemblies, linking a macroscopic observable (color) to mechanical properties.
Eliminating Edge Electronic and Phonon States of Phosphorene Nanoribbon by Unique Edge Reconstruction
Authors: LI Shi‐Qi , Liu Xiangjun , Wang Xujun , Liu Hongsheng , Zhang Gang , Zhao Jijun , Gao Junfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEdge termination plays a vital role in determining the properties of 2D materials. By performing compelling ab initio simulations, a lowest‐energy U‐edge [ZZ(U)] reconstruction is revealed in the bilayer phosphorene. Such reconstruction reduces 60% edge energy compared with the pristine one and occurs almost without an energy barrier, implying it should be the dominating edge in reality. The electronic band structure of phosphorene nanoribbon with such reconstruction resembles that of an intrinsic 2D layer, exhibiting nearly edgeless band characteristics. Although ZZ(U) changes the topology of phosphorene nanoribbons, simulated transmission electron microscope, scanning transmission electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope images indicate it is very hard to be identified. One possible identified method is infrared/Raman analyses because the ZZ(U) edge alters vibrational modes dramatically. In addition, it also increases the thermal conductivity of PNR 1.4 and 2.3 times than the pristine and Klein edges.
Charge Transfer Properties of Heterostructures Formed by Bi2O2Se and Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
Authors: Liu Shuangyan , He Dawei , Tan Congwei , Fu Shaohua , Han Xiuxiu , Huang Mohan , Miao Qing , Zhang Xiaoxian , Wang Yongsheng , Peng Hailin , Zhao Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtomically thin bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) exhibits attractive properties for electronic and optoelectronic applications, such as high charge‐carrier mobility and good air stability. Recently, the development of Bi2O2Se‐based heterostructures have attracted enormous interests with promising prospects for diverse device applications. Although the electrical properties of Bi2O2Se‐based heterostructures have been widely studied, the interlayer charge transfer in these heterostructures remains elusive, despite its importance in harnessing their emergent functionalities. Here, a comprehensive experimental investigation on the interlayer charge transfer properties of two heterostructures formed by Bi2O2Se and representative transition metal dichalcogenides (namely, WS2/Bi2O2Se and MoS2/Bi2O2Se) is reported. Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to measure the work functions of the samples, which are further employed to establish type‐II band alignment of both heterostructures. Photoluminescence quenching is observed in each heterostructure, suggesting high charge transfer efficiency. Time‐resolved and layer‐selective pump–probe measurements further prove the ultrafast interlayer charge transfer processes and formation of long‐lived interlayer excitons. These results establish the feasibility of integrating 2D Bi2O2Se with other 2D semiconductors to fabricate heterostructures with novel charge transfer properties and provide insight for understanding the performance of optoelectronic devices based on such 2D heterostructures.
Structure of Cardamine hupingshanensis No. 3 Polysaccharide (CHP‐3) and its Effect on Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells
Authors: Li Meidong , Zhang ZiMu , Luo Ying , Huang Xiufang , Luo Kai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFour new water‐soluble polysaccharides has previously been isolated from Cardamine hupingshanensis. In this experiment, the structure of C. hupingshanensis polysaccharide NO. 3 (CHP‐3) is analyzed and its in vitro anti‐tumor activity is assessed. Through structural analysis, CHP‐3 is found to have a molecular weight of 80.64 kDa, and be mainly composed of glucose, galactose, and L‐arabinose; The backbone of CHP‐3 is mainly composed of →5)‐α‐L‐Araf‐(1→ and →4)‐α‐D‐Glc(p)‐(1→), respectively. By studying its anti‐tumor activity in vitro, it can be concluded that treatment with different concentrations of CHP‐3 exerted diverse effects on A549 cells, with an obvious dose‐dependent relationship. Moreover, after treatment with 12.8 mg mL−1 CHP‐3, significant inhibitory effects are observed on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells, indicating that it can be used as an anti‐tumor agent for continued in‐depth research.
Composition and Quality of Low‐Fat Halloumi Cheese Made Using Modified Starch as a Fat Replacer
Authors: Basiony Monira , Hassabo Ramadan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of modified maize starch as a fat replacer in low‐fat Halloumi cheese is investigated. Halloumi cheese is made from cow milk (3.5% fat) or from partially skimmed cow milk (1% fat) with 1%, 2%, and 3% modified starch. The addition of modified starch to cow's milk decreased rennet coagulation time and curd syneresis but increased curd tension. The modified starch addition also increased yield and total nitrogen but decreased pH, total solids, fat, ash, and total volatile fatty acids. Total bacterial count and lipolytic bacteria decreased, but proteolytic bacteria and moulds and yeast increased with the added modified starch. The hardness and gumminess values increased, but the elasticity and cohesiveness values of Halloumi cheese decreased. The sensory properties are improved by the addition of modified starch.
Synthesis of Pyrrolidine‐ and γ‐Lactam‐Containing Natural Products and Related Compounds from Pyrrole Scaffolds
Authors: Olivier Wesley J. , Smith Jason A. , Bissember Alex C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolycyclic alkaloid natural products featuring pyrrolidine and pyrrolidinone motifs remain enduring targets of total synthesis endeavors. Pyrrole and its derivatives have been exploited to access many such frameworks, including alkaloids belonging to the Aspidosperma, Stemona, and batzelladine families. In this article, a selection of exemplars that highlight the utility of pyrrole‐based approaches to facilitate total syntheses of pyrrolidine‐ and pyrrolidinone‐containing alkaloids and related molecules are showcased.
Synthesis, Crystal Growth, Electronic Properties and Optical Properties of Y6IV2.5S14 (IV=Si, Ge)
Authors: Ye Zhengyang , Bardelli Stefano , Wu Kui , Sarkar Arka , Swindle Andrew , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo isostructural ternary acentric sulfides, Y6Si2.5S14 (1) and Y6Ge2.5S14 (2) were re‐investigated to understand the origin of the chemical flexibility of RE6BxCyCh14(RE=Y, La−Lu; B=Si, Ge, Sn, Al, Ga; C=monovalent M+ (Ag, Na, Li, etc.), divalent M2+ (Mg, Cr, Ni, Zn, etc.), trivalent M3+ (Al, In, Ga, etc.), tetravalent M4+ (Si, Ge, Sn) and pentavalent M5+ (Sb), Ch=S, Se), which consists of ∼444 isostructural compounds. Y6IV2.5S14 (IV=Si, Ge) were synthesized by a high‐temperature salt flux method. The crystal structures of Y6IV2.5S14 (IV=Si, Ge) are constructed by [YS8] polyhedra, [Si1S6] octahedra, and [Si2S4] tetrahedra. The Si1 atom displaces from the center of [Si1S6] octahedra with partial occupancy, which can be replaced by various metals, and mainly accounts for the chemical flexibility of the RE6BxCyCh14 family. The bonding pictures of Y6Si2.5S14 were studied by electron localization function (ELF) and crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) calculations. Y6Si2.5S14 is evaluated as an indirect semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.4(1) eV measured by UV‐Vis. The indirect bandgap of Y6Ge2.5S14 is 1.7(1) eV. Y6IV2.5S14 (IV=Si, Ge) are not type‐I phase‐matchable materials. For samples of 47 μm particle size, Y6Si2.5S14 and Y6Ge2.5S14 own good second harmonic generation (SHG) responses of ∼3.0×AGS and ∼2.8×AGS respectively. Y6Si2.5S14 and Y6Ge2.5S14 possess high laser damage threshold (LDT) of ∼5.5×AGS and ∼5.2×AGS respectively.
Remembering Desirable Futures? Civil Defence Memories and Everyday Life in Sweden and the UK
Authors: Cronqvist Marie , Grant Matthew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores how the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries can be used to examine civil defence as remembered. In focus stand oral histories testifying to the entanglement of civil defence in everyday life. The chapter employs a historical ethnography approach, using interviews and questionnaires collected between 2006 and 2012 in Sweden and the UK. The analysis, which departs from the three themes of localities, temporalities and mediations, illustrates the value of a more ‘bottom-up’ approach and discusses how we may refine the sociotechnical imaginaries framework to incorporate at least some elements of the ‘fuzziness’ of everyday life. It shows how elements of everyday culture relate to processes of embedding, resistance and extension of civil defence in Sweden, the UK and beyond.
String correlators in AdS3 from FZZ duality
Authors: Giribet Gaston 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Motivated by recent works in which the FZZ duality plays an important role, we revisit the computation of correlation functions in the sine-Liouville field theory. We present a direct computation of the three-point function, the simplest to the best of our knowledge, and give expressions for the N-point functions in terms of integrated Liouville theory correlators. This leads us to discuss the relation to the $$ {H}_3^{+} $$

H
3
+

WZW-Liouville correspondence, especially in the case in which spectral flow is taken into account. We explain how these results can be used to study scattering amplitudes of winding string states in AdS3.
Evolution of magnetic properties during tempering
Authors: Akujärvi Ville , Cedell Tord , Gutnichenko Oleksandr , Jaskari Matias , Andersson Mats 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuality control in heat treatment of steel is often conducted after the treatment. Failure to confine within the specified range of mechanical properties may lead to wasted energy and production resources. Performing quality control in-line in the heat treatment process allows for early detection and possibility to react to changes in the process. The prospects of utilizing the change in the electromagnetic (EM) properties of steel, as means for quality control, are investigated in this paper. The focus is on the tempering process of hardened SS2244 (42CrMoS4) steel. The tempering takes the hardness of the steel from approximately 600 HV down to around 400 HV. The EM signature of the steel is recorded during the tempering process. This is later compared with results from more traditional means of material characterization, such as laser scanning microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Vickers microhardness measurement. This initial study shows clear indications of precise detection of the hardness through EM properties during the tempering process of selected material.