bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractive Corneal Surgery With the Draeger Rotary Microkeratome in Human Cadaver Eyes
Authors: Stonecipher Karl G , Parmley Vernon C , Rowsey J James , Fowler W Craig , Nguyen Hanh , Terry Mark 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Instrumentation for performing a uniform lamellar keratoplasty has been undergoing various stages of refinement. Reliable reproduction and uniform thickness and diameter of lamellar resections is required before lamellar refractive keratoplasty can be considered safe and effective.
METHODS: The authors used the Draeger rotary microkeratome with mechanical blade advance for lamellar dissections in 61 human cadaver eyes prepared by injecting Swinger-Kommehl (SK) solution into the anterior chamber to a pressure of 35 to 40 mm Hg and by soaking for 30 minutes in SK solution. Spacer sizes of 0.25 to 0.40 units were utilized using an anterior lamellar disc diameter estimate between 8.0 and 8.5 mm and a stromal lamellar disc diameter estimate between 5.5 and 6.5 mm. Preoperative pachometry, anterior and stromal lamellar disc thicknesses, and anterior and stromal lamellar disc diameters were measured.
RESULTS: The Draeger unit created anterior lamellar thickness between 100 and 268 µm. Stromal lamellar disc thicknesses were consistently between 90 and 161 µG?. The continuous, unidirectional, rotary blade and the uniform mechanical advance of the instrument produced a generally uniform bed as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, although undulations were still present.
CONCLUSION: The Draeger microkeratome produced regular lamellar dissections; however, predictability of the thickness of the lenticules varied 10% to 20%, and of the diameter, 1.5% to 15%. Predictability improved with experience. This variability may reduce predictability of refractive outcome. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1 994; 1 0:49-55.)
Visual Function Before and After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Ambrosio Gennaro , Cennamo Giovanni , De Marco Rocco , Loffredo Luciano , Rosa Nicola , Sebastiani Adolfo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To date, Snellen visual acuity and postoperative refraction have been used to evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy. However, other parameters, such as contrast sensitivity function and glare, may be affected by refractive surgery and lead to unsatisfactory visual performance. This prospective study is aimed at evaluating the effect of photorefractive keratectomy on contrast sensitivity function and glare.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Static contrast sensitivity function, dynamic contrast sensitivity function, and glare sensitivity were evaluated in 22 myopic eyes before as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after photorefractive keratectomy. The eyes tested were divided into three groups, according to the amount of myopia: group I, from - 4.00 to - 8.00 diopters (D); group II, from -8.25 to -11.00 D; group ??, from -11.25 to -20.00 D.
RESULTS: Both static and dynamic contrast sensitivity function at the intermediate spatial frequencies were altered at 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy, with a trend toward recovery at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Glare sensitivity was not significantly affected by surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Contrast sensitivity function and glare testing may show abnormalities in the presence of optimal visual and refractive results. These tests may result especially important for the evaluation of new refractive surgical procedures. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:129-136.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: John Maurice E , Martines Eduardo , Cvintal Tadeu , Filho Agenor Mellor , Soter Frederico , de Sousa Maria Cristina Barbosa , Boleyn Karen L , Ballew Carol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present 3 eyes that underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for residual myopia after penetrating keratoplasty, and 1 eye that was treated for recurrent granular dystrophy and myopia following penetrating keratoplasty. The 3 refractive eyes experienced improvements in visual acuity and refractive error through 3 months postoperative, but exhibited regression of effect after 6 months postoperative. One eye also exhibited substantial corneal haze at three months postoperative that was not responsive to steroid retreatment. The eye with granular dystrophy obtained symptomatic relief as well as improvement in vision.
We tentatively conclude that the corneal transplant reacts to photorefractive keratectomy in much the same way as a normal cornea. Eyes with substantial degrees of post-graft myopia exhibit regression of refractive effect, much like high myopes following primary photorefractive keratectomy. Photorefractive was unable to prevent the recurrence of granular dystrophy in the transplanted tissue. The eyes reported here achieved only modest long-term visual and refractive improvements. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994:10:S206S210.]
Transverse Keratotomy Combined with Spherical Photorefractive Keratectomy for Compound Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Ring C Peter , Hadden O Bruce , Morris Antony T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This is a report of a study of 40 eyes in which transverse keratotomy was performed in conjunction with spherical photorefractive keratectomy. The preoperative range of myopia was -1.50 to -13.50 diopters (D). The mean attempted cylindrical correction was -1.73 D (range -0.75 to -4.00). After 6 months 47.8% achieved unaided visual acuity of 6/6, 60% achieved 6/9 or better and 75% achieved 6/12 or better. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -0.01 D at 6 months. The mean astigmatism postoperatively was 0.32 D. A group of 179 eyes with six months follow-up after photorefractive keratectomy who had not had transverse keratotomy was compared. Their mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -0.07 D and mean astigmatism was 0.21 D. Uncorrected visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 93.3%. Until there is an improvement in the mechanism of the ablatable mask this combined procedure offers patients with significant astigmatism the opportunity of achieving good visual results. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S217-S221.1
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia in 98 Eyes
Authors: Murta Joaquim Nato , Proenca Rui , Van Velze R A , Trassos Antonio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on 98 consecutive normal myopic eyes with the Summit OmniMed laser System. The minimum follow-up was 3 months and 31 were followed for 6 months. Preoperative myopia ranged from -1.25 to -12.00 D.
The myopic eyes were divided into 4 groups according to the amount of myopia: group 1 (-1.25 to -3.00 D), 17 eyes; group 2 (-3.12 to -6.00 D), 42 eyes; group 3 (-6.12 to -9.00 D), 29 eyes and group 4 (>9.00 D), 10 eyes.
In group 1 mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.87 at 3 months, 1.0 at 6 months and all of the eyes were within 0.50 D of the attempted correction.
In group 2 mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.76 at 3 months, 0.87 at 6 months and 92.3% of the eyes were within 0.50 D of the attempted correction.
In group 3 mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.65 and 0.66 at 3 and 6 months respectively and 77.8% of eyes were within 0.50 D of the attempted refractive correction.
In group 4, mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.46 and 0.7 at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and 100% were within 0.50 D of the attempted correction.
Two eyes lost 2 lines and 4 eyes gained 2 or more lines of their preoperative best spectacle corrected visual acuity. Three eyes exhibited steroid induced rise in intraocular pressure that was controlled with topical timolol. No serious complications occurred.
Despite the short follow-up, photorefractive keratectomy with the 193 nm excimer laser appears to be an effective and safe treatment for the correction of myopia. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S231S235.1
Treatment of Myopic Astigmatism With Photorefractive Keratectomy Using an Erodible Mask
Authors: Cherry Paul M H , Tutton Miles K , Bell Andrew , Neave Christopher , Fichte Claus 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Summit Technology erodible mask treatment of astigmatism does not alter the keratometric astigmatism significantly, even though the refractive astigmatism appears to improve by about 50%.
Myopia is satisfactorily treated with the erodible mask, but there is slightly more undercorrection compared to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using an expanding diaphragm. Increasing the minus power in ordering the mask cylinder improves the myopia result, but not the keratometric astigmatism result.
The following factors do not influence the keratometric astigmatism result: 1) The type of astigmatism (with-, against-the-rule, or oblique); 2) The initial keratometry readings; and 3) The time from the commencement of epithelial removal to laser treatment. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S239S245.1
A Simplified Method to Perform Photorefractive Keratectomy Using an Erodible Mask
Authors: Gobbi Pier Giorgio , Carones Francesco , Scagliotti Franco , Venturi Elisabetta , Brancato Rosario 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using the current erodible mask technique is difficult to perform, because of the stringent requirements in the alignment of the eye to the mask and in the centration of the mask under the laser beam. The surgeon has to manually control the eye-cup over 5 degrees of freedom. If not accurately done this may lead to decentration of the ablation and bring about technical problems during treatment. The aim of this study was to find a way to improve and simplify the erodible mask procedure.
METHOD: We used a modified non-contact mask eye-cup with a rigid mechanical support to obtain a precise and reliable positioning in space of the mask itself. Eye centration over the pupillary aperture was obtained with conventional patient fixation on the reference aiming light, coaxial to the laser beam path, and controlled using two He-Ne beams aimed at the corneal apex.
RESULTS: Good reliability was demonstrated in the first 22 eyes operated on using this technique. All the masks were ablated with good centration of the laser beam over the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) button, and all the treatments were satisfactorily centered over the pupillary aperture. No complications or side effects were encountered during the treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the conventional erodible mask procedure, this technique proved much faster to perform, was more comfortable for both patient and surgeon, and was technically easier for the operator. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S246-S249.]
Correction of Myopia and Astigmatism Using an Ablatable Mask
Authors: Hersh Peter S , Patel Rachna 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Most excimer laser refractive procedures use a computer driven mechanical diaphragm to shape the laser beam. Studies are currently underway using an ablatable polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) mask to transfer a new spherical or toric curve to the cornea for the correction of myopia and astigmatism; it may leave a smoother corneal surface than diaphragm procedures.
METHODS: As part of a Phase Hb FDA clinical study, 25 eyes of 25 patients underwent excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy using a hand held ablatable mask. Fifteen eyes had attempted spherical corrections of up to 6.00 diopters (D) and 10 had toric corrections of up to 6.00 D of sphere and 2.75 D of astigmatism.
RESULTS: Seventy-four percent of all eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better - 86% in the spherical group and 63% in the astigmatism group. Sixty-nine percent of eyes were within +/- 1 D of the attempted correction. In eyes treated for astigmatism, mean astigmatism decreased from 1.48 D preoperatively to 0.86 D postoperatively. Approximately one half of the eyes treated for astigmatism had a decrease in cylinder of more than 0.5 D. One eye lost 2 Snellen lines of best spherical corrected visual acuity. Video keratography showed toric ablations to result in an elliptical optical zone. Analysis of centration of the procedure showed 66% of ablations centered within 1.0 mm of the center of the pupil aperture.
CONCLUSIONS: The ablatable mask represents a promising modality for the treatment of eyes with both myopia and myopic astigmatism. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S250-S254.J
Keratomileusis-In-Situ Using Manual Dissection of Corneal Flap for High Myopia
Authors: Gomes Marcos 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Overcorrection, regression and haze are some side-effects found after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopia. A new method attempts to avoid photoablation through Bowman's layer, using the stroma to flatten the cornea without use of a microkeratome. Manual surgical instruments such as the diamond blade, spatula, Pierce forceps, and Vannas scissors are used to remove a disc of anterior cornea. Minimal topical corticosteroids are used, avoiding the complications of prolonged corticotherapy.
Six eyes underwent manual excimer laser keratomileusis-in-situ. Postoperatively, the epitheliums in these eyes initially were dry and excoriated. By the twentieth day, however, the eyes had re-epithelialized and recovered. The optical effect is the same as when keratomileusis is used. No more than threefourths of the pre-existing myopia was used in the program as some undercorrection was desired. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S255-S257.]
Holmium: YAG Laser Thermokeratoplasty for Hyperopia
Authors: Durrie Daniel S , Schumer D James , Cavanaugh Timothy B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
HolmiumrYAG laser thermokeratoplasty (LTK), a procedure using a solid-state infrared laser to treat hyperopia, was performed on 10 patients in phase I and 16 patients in phase II - in a total of 29 eyes at the Hunkeler Eye Clinic. Phase II was redesigned after phase I results showed undercorrection and regression. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 24 months (mean 10.9 months). A total of 79% of phase II patients were within +/- 1.00 D of intended correction at the 6-month visit. Looking at both phases together, no patients had J2 or better near vision preoperati vely, but 75% had J2 or better at the 6-month visit. A total of 43% of eyes in phase II lost 1 line and 7% lost two lines of best spectacle corrected visual acuity due to induction of irregular astigmatism. The surgical challenges are to insure appropriate centration of the procedure about the optical axis. Concerns about regression and stability will be defined as these patients are followed through their 2-year visits. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S277S280.1
Photorefractive Keratectomy for the Treatment of Myopia After Epikeratoplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Loewenstein Anat , Lipshitz Isaac , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An aphakic eye with a +9.00 diopter (D) refraction developed high myopia of -13.00 D after applying epikeratoplasty using a + 14.00 D lenticule. We preformed photorefractive keratectomy by excimer laser. The procedure was uneventful, with no postoperative pain. Epithelialization occurred as usual. Recovery of the cornea followed the usual course with initial overcorrection followed by certain regression. After 7 months follow-up the spherical equivalent was -3.25 D and the lenticule was clear.
In myopia after epikeratoplasty photorefractive keratectomy is an effective alternative to lenticule exchange. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994; 10:S285S286.]
Myopic Keratomileusis by Excimer Laser on a Lathe
Authors: Ganem Stéphane , Aron-Rosa Daniele , Gross Michel , Rosolen Serge 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We designed an excimer laser keratomileusis delivery system to increase the regularity of the refractive cut surface and allow greater precision in the level and shape of the ablated zone.
METHODS: A parallel faced corneal disc was produced by microkeratectomy from six human eyes and surgical keratectomy in 12 beagle corneas. A 193-nanometer excimer laser that was used to project an oval beam onto the corneal disc was rotated on a flat surface to ensure overlapping of the ovally ablated areas between pulses.
RESULTS: Electron microscopy of eye bank lenticules demonstrated a circular smooth regularly concave ablation zone. Histological examination of nine clear corneas confirmed thinning of the stroma without fibroblastic reaction and no epithelial hypertrophy. Mean preoperative corneal power of 43.15 ± 2.18 decreased postoperatively to 33.61 ±2.34.
CONCLUSIONS: The new technique of excimer laser keratomileusis has the advantage of a cut surface smoother and the clear zone is devoid of the stepwise concavity and irregularity seen in diaphragm based photoablation delivery systems. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:575-581.]
Simple Method of Transscleral Fixation of a Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens in the Absence of the Lens Capsule
Authors: Kershner Robert M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are several advantages to implanting a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in the ciliary sulcus when the lens capsule is absent.
I have developed a simple method of fixating an IOL into the ciliary sulcus which does not require different needles, multiple needle passes, scleral dissection, or awkward surgical maneuvers.
METHODS: Thirty eyes were enrolled in this study. All eyes were either aphakic, requiring a secondary lens implantation, or required IOL exchange. The patients were followed for 30 months.
Using a single 10-0 double-armed, polypropylene suture, a through-and-through infracuiary scleral pass secured each haptic without tying. The lens was then positioned into the ciliary sulcus and the knots tied outside the eye under direct visualization.
RESULTS: This procedure has been used in 30 eyes without erosion of sutures, dislocation or tilting of the IOL, or induced astigmatism. Twenty-one eyes (70%) had spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that posterior chamber transscleral fixated IOLs give improved postoperative visual results. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:647-651.]
Laser in Situ Keratomileusis for Myopia and Hyperopia Using the Lasersight 200 Laser in 300 Consecutive Eyes
Authors: Reviglio Victor E , Bossana Erica L , Luna José D , Muiño Juan C , Juarez Claudio P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate effectiveness, safety, predictability, and short-term stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the LaserSight Compac-200 Mini excimer laser with software version 9.0, for all refractive errors.
METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive patients (300 eyes) that received bilateral LASIK for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were studied prospectively. A new 9.0 software version applying a modified nomogram that takes advantage of bilateral surgery was used. Follow-up at 6 months was available for 267 eyes (89%).
RESULTS: Six months postoperatively, 131 eyes (96.32%) in the low to moderate myopia group (-1.00 to -5.99 D; n=136) had a spherical equivalent refraction within ±1.00 D, and 123 eyes (90.44%) were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia. In the high to extreme myopia group (-6.00 to -25.00 D; n=114), 97 eyes (87.08%) had a spherical equivalent refraction within ±1.00 D and 78 eyes (68.42%) were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia. In the hyperopia group (+1.00 to +6.00 D; n=50), 44 eyes (88%) had a postoperative spherical equivalent refraction within ±1.00 D, and 31 eyes (62%) were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia. Mean change in spherical equivalent refraction at 6 months was less than -0.50 D in the low to high myopia groups and -1.16 ± 0.55 D in the extreme myopia group. At 6 months follow-up, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 73 eyes (54%) in the low to moderate myopia groups and 21 eyes (18%) in the high to extreme myopia groups. In the hyperopia group at 6 months followup, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 31 eyes (62%) and 20/40 or better in 41 eyes (82%). Only two eyes had a temporary loss of two or more lines of spectacle-corrected visual acuity due to corneal folds that were surgically treated. Six months after LASIK, no eye had lost any lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in this series.
CONCLUSIONS: Our modified LASIK nomogram with the 9.0 software of the LaserSight 200 excimer laser (with a larger and smoother ablation pattern) resulted in safe and effective outcomes for the treatment of low to high myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:716-723]
Early Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Following Laser in situ Keratomileusis for High Myopia
Authors: Farah Michel Eid , Höfling-Lima Ana Luisa , Nascimento Ednei 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Four eyes had early rhegmatogenous retinal detachment within 3 months of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of high myopia using the microkeratome, Clear Corneal Molder.
METHODS: In two eyes, retinal detachment resulted from horseshoe tears, one occurring in an otherwise normal region of the retina and the other at the margin of an area of lattice degeneration detected during preoperative examination. The first eye was treated with retinopexy using a 287 encircling scleral exoplant, drainage of eubretinal fluid, and laser photocoagulation by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The other eye was treated with pneumatic retinopexy and cryotherapy. In the other eyes, retinal detachment was the result of giant tears with no evidence of prior retinal degeneration. These eyes were treated with pars plana vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange with 15% perfluoropropane (C3F8), endolaser photocoagulation, and a 42 encircling scleral exoplant.
RESULTS: After treatment, the first two eyes achieved spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/40. In the last two eyes, final spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 in one eye and light perception in the other.
CONCLUSIONS: Although no cause-effect relationship between LASIK and retinal detachment can be stated, these cases suggest that LASIK may be associated with retinal detachment, particularly in highly myopic eyes. Further studies are necessary to determine high-risk patient characteristics. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:739-743]
Fellow Eye as a Predictor for Keratoconus Progression Following Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Mimouni Michael , Sorkin Nir , Hatch Wendy , Slomovic Allan R. ,   KEI CXL Study Group, Singal Neera 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To assess the fellow eye as a predictor for keratoconus progression following bilateral same-day accelerated corneal cross-linking (A-CXL).

METHODS:
This was a post-hoc analysis of data from a prospective study of bilateral A-CXL for progressive keratoconus between 2013 and 2015. The primary outcome measures were absolute change in maximum keratometry (Kmax) (diopters [D]), relative change in Kmax (%), and A-CXL progression (increase in Kmax > 2.00 D). Responses in both eyes were measured by the change in Kmax, with the right eye serving as the “predictor” of progression for the left eye.

RESULTS:

Three-hundred ninety-two eyes (196 patients) with a mean age of 26.8 ± 7.7 years were included. There was a significant correlation in absolute and relative Kmax change (
r
= 0.26,
P
< .001 and
r
= 0.32,
P
< .001, respectively) between right and left eyes. In regression analysis, the only significant predictors of change in Kmax in the left eye were preoperative Kmax of the left eye (
P
< .02) and change in Kmax of the right eye (
P
< .001). Eyes that progressed in the right eye were more likely to progress in the left eye (29.4% versus 4.5%, odds ratio = 8.85,
P
< .001). In multiple regression, right eye progression of greater than 2.00 D was the significant predictor of left eye progression of greater than 2.00 D (odds ratio = 15.15,
P
< .007).

CONCLUSIONS:
This large-scale study of keratoconus following A-CXL indicates that patients with progression in the right eye were 15.5 times more likely to have progression in the left eye. Patients with progression following A-CXL in one eye should be closely observed due to increased risk of progression in the fellow eye.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(3):186–191.]