bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature Review : Pengaruh Mengunyah Xylitol Terhadap Ph Saliva Dan Rasa Haus Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis Yang Menjalani Hemodialisa Di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Aldy Fauzi  , Zahrah Maulidia Septimar  , H.A.Y.G Wibisono  
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Ginjal Kronis merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global dengan prevalensi dan insiden penyakit ginjal yang meningkat. Tujuan: Untuk meninjau pengaruh mengunyah perman karet xylitol terhadap pH saliva dan rasa haus pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisa. Metode: Literature Review ini menggunakan Systematic Literature Review dengan menelaah beberapa jurnal penelitian yang terkait. Hasil: Penulis membahas kekuatan dan kelemahan jurnal ini menggunakan analisa SWOT yaitu Strenghts terdapat pengaruh yang efektif mengunyah permen karet xylitol untuk peningkatan pH saliva dan mengurangi rasa haus pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisa. Weaknesses belum dilakukan penelitian langsung oleh peneliti hanya mereview penelitian-penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Opportunities dapat melakukan promosi kesehatan seperti manfaat mengunyah permen karet xylitol karena pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisa tidak mengetahui. Threats pencarian Literature Review sulit dicari hanya beberapa penelitian sebelumnya yang ada baik di Indonesia maupun luar negeri. Kesimpulan: Dari 12 jurnal dan artikel yang diterbitkan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi mulai dari tahun 2013 hingga tahun 2019 menunjukkan hasil yang sama yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang efektif dalam mengunyah permen karet xylitol terhadap peningkatan pH saliva dan mengurangi rasa haus pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Budaya Organisasi aan Pelatihan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Rumah Sakit Pondok Indah
Authors: Khotimah Enny 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effect of leadership style, organizational culture and training on employee performance at Pondok Indah Hospital. The study was conducted at Pondok Indah Hospital in South Jakarta. The population of this research is in the Division of Hospitality Employee Services Department and Laboratory at Pondok Indah Hospital. The study population numbered is 140 people. While the study sample as many as 104 people. This study uses Proportional random sampling method and data used in this study is primary data in the form of a questionnaire. The test results showed that the Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Training is a variable determinant of employee performance. Partially Leadership Style does not affect the performance of employees, organizational culture does not affect the performance of employee, training a strong influence on employee performance. Leadership style, organizational culture and training together have a significant impact on the performance of employees in the hospitality division and Laboratory Services Department at Pondok Indah Hospital. Keywords : leadership styles, organizational culture, training, performance
Algunas reflexiones sobre el litigio en el fuero de familia en época de pandemia y los principios que imperan en la materia. / Some reflections on litigation in the law of the familly in time of pandemic and the principles that rule in the matter
Authors: Ulla Luciana 
Published: June 2021

El llamado procedimiento familiar exige el cumplimiento efectivo del principio de inmediación procesal y de la intervención dinámica y comprometida del Juez. Como podemos observar en la teoría, estamos de acuerdo en la necesidad de un tribunal de familia presente, visible y acompañante de estos dolorosos procesos que se acentuaron aun en época de pandemia, por la falta de recursos económicos, por el malestar general de la población, por la falta de cooperación de innumerables sectores, es por ello que siempre insta a los encargados de llevar justicia a cada familia a tener actitudes más humanas y sociales, que restrictivas y formales. ABSTRACT: The so-called family procedure requires effective compliance with the principle of procedural immediacy and the dynamic and committed intervention of the Judge. As we can see in theory, we agree on the need for a family court that is present, visible and accompanying these painful processes that were accentuated even in times of pandemic, due to the lack of economic resources, due to the general malaise of the population Due to the lack of cooperation from innumerable sectors, that is why it always urges those in charge of bringing justice to each family to have more humane and social attitudes, rather than restrictive and formal.
Spectroscopic Detection of Alfvénic Waves in the Chromosphere of Sunspot Regions
Authors: Chae Jongchul , Cho Kyuhyoun , Nakariakov Valery M. , Cho Kyung-Suk , Kwon Ryun-Young 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves often called Alfvénic (or kink) waves have been often theoretically put forward to solve the outstanding problems of the solar corona like coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, and chemical abundance enhancement. Here we report the first spectroscopic detection of Alfvénic waves around a sunspot at chromospheric heights. By analyzing the spectra of the Hα line and Ca ii 854.2 nm line, we determined line-of-sight velocity and temperature as functions of position and time. As a result, we identified transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves pervading the superpenumbral fibrils. These waves are characterized by the periods of 2.5 to 4.5 minutes, and the propagation direction parallel to the fibrils, the supersonic propagation speeds of 45 to 145 km s−1, and the close association with umbral oscillations and running penumbral waves in sunspots. Our results support the notion that the chromosphere around sunspots abounds with Alfvénic waves excited by the mode conversion of the upward-propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves.
Discovery of Stellar Streams around NGC 3614
Authors: Block Adam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the course of surveying spiral galaxies in the Local Volume, long exposures of NGC 3416 show two probable stellar streams with the possible remnant of a satellite galaxy. I captured the discovery image using the Schulman Telescope at Steward Observatory's Mount Lemmon Sky Center (University of Arizona). I acquired the wide bandpass data over three nights under photometric conditions in 2015 February. Prominent theories of galaxy formation hold that the creation of present-day galaxies are the aggregation of many past minor mergers. Stellar streams lend credence to the idea by presenting evidence of extended low surface brightness tidally created signatures. NGC 3614 appears to be a good example the for kind of extended features expected by these theories.
The Macroporosity of Rubble Pile Asteroid Ryugu and Implications for the Origin of Chondrules
Authors: Herbst William , Greenwood James P. , Yap Teng Ee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We use the known surface boulder-size distribution of the C-type rubble pile asteroid Ryugu (NEA 162173) to determine its macroporosity, assuming it is a homogeneous granular aggregate. We show that the volume-frequency distribution of its boulders, cobbles, and pebbles, is well-represented by a lognormal function with σ = 2.4 ± 0.1 and μ = 0.2 ± 0.05. Application of linear-mixture packing theory yields a value for the macroporosity of ϕ = 0.14 ± 0.04. Given its low bulk density of 1.19 gm cm−3, this implies an average density for Ryugu’s rocks of 1.38 ± 0.07 gm cm−3 throughout its volume, consistent with a recent determination for surface boulders based on their thermal properties. This supports the spectrum-based argument that interplanetary dust particles may be the best analog material available on Earth, and it suggests that high-density, well-lithified objects such as chondrules and chondrule-bearing chondrites may be rare on Ryugu. Implications of this result for the origin of chondrules, a long-standing problem in cosmochemistry, are discussed. We propose that chondrules and most chondrites formed together in rare lithification events, which occurred during the accretion of chondritic envelopes to large, differentiated planetesimals at a time when they were still hot from 26Al decay.
Spin–Orbit Resonances of High-eccentricity Asteroids: Regular, Switching, and Jumping
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Goldin Alexey , Veras Dimitri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Few solar system asteroids and comets are found in high-eccentricity orbits (e > 0.9), but in the primordial planetesimal disks and in exoplanet systems around dying stars such objects are believed to be common. For 2006 HY51, the main belt asteroid with the highest known eccentricity 0.9684, we investigate the probable rotational states today using our computer-efficient chaotic process simulation method. Starting with random initial conditions, we find that this asteroid is inevitably captured into stable spin–orbit resonances typically within tens to a hundred megayears. The resonances are confirmed by direct integration of the equation of motion in the vicinity of endpoints. Most resonances are located at high spin values above 960 times the mean motion (such as 964:1 or 4169:4), corresponding to rotation periods of a few days. We discover three types of resonance in the high-eccentricity regime: (1) regular circulation with weakly librating aphelion velocities and integer-number spin–orbit commensurabilities, (2) switching resonances of higher order with orientation alternating between aligned (0 or π) and sidewise (π/2) angles at aphelia and perihelia, (3) jumping resonances with aphelion spin alternating between two quantum states in the absence of spin–orbit commensurability. The islands of equilibrium are numerous at high spin rates but small in parameter space area, so that it takes millions of orbits of chaotic wandering to accidentally entrap in one of them. We discuss the implications of this discovery for the origins and destiny of high-eccentricity objects and the prospects of extending this analysis to the full 3D treatment.
Population parameters of main fishery resources in the basin of the Apure River, Venezuela (2000-2003)
Authors: Pérez-Lozano Alfredo , Aniello Barbarino 
Published: June 2021

Population parameters, performance index (∅) and exploitation rates (E = F/Z), of the 14 most important commercial fish species, in the Apure River, were estimated from length frequency distributions of commercial catches in the period 2000-2003. Growth parameters were used to determine the status of the principal fisheries resources of the Apure River. The analyzed species represented 83% of the total commercial species. The results showed a predominance of values relativity low of K and high L∞, common in longevity species. This data combined with the high values from estimations of Z and F showed a survival annual high rate and low stock tuner-over rate. The E estimations for the 14 fish species were high. E0,1 (0.50- 0.94). The overfishing indicators to four most fish species abundant (P. mariae, P. tigrinum, M. duriventre y H. littorale), showed that at least three species were heavy exploited. In general the analysis indicate that these 14 fish species have been strongly fished, and the data obtained is a starting point (as biological reference point) to be used for the assessment and management of fisheries resources in the Apure River.
Effectiveness of monitoring techniques employed to determine reproductive success of marine turtles in Cuba
Authors: Azanza-Ricardo Julia , Gerhartz-Muro José Luis , Forneiro Martín-Viaña Yanet , Moncada-Gavilán Félix 
Published: June 2021

Monitoring of nesting has been used globally to estimate the population size of marine turtles. Nevertheless, monitoring effort varies widely, for instance in Cuba, four different approaches are applied: nighttime systematic monitoring, daytime systematic monitoring, sporadic monitoring with nest verification, and sporadic monitoring with no verification. These variations imply that the amount and accuracy of data gathered and the quality of derived information, differ amongst the approaches. This paper assesses the effectiveness of the different methodologies used for determining the reproduction success of marine turtles in Cuba. Nighttime systematic monitoring is only carried out in one area, while sporadic monitoring with nest verification is the most used approach along the country. The proportion of the nesting season covered with monitoring personnel is low in most of the beaches and for all the three species (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta and Eretmochelys imbricata), although the species in the most critical situation is hawksbill. Significant differences were found between systematic and sporadic monitoring, which has important implications for the understanding of the nesting behavior, as the capacity to detect false and true crawls essentially depends on the monitoring frequency, according to our findings. Low detection capacity in sporadic monitoring hampered the development of efficiency assessments in all the nesting beaches. In summary, despite the effort carried out nationwide to monitor nesting populations that has even increased in the last three years, important gaps exists and new monitoring strategies are needed to guarantee the right information for the species is gathered, while adequate cost-benefit balance is achieved.
Implementation of the mixed linear models in experimental infections with WSSV in the withe shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Ramírez-Ruíz María Alejandra , Simá-Álvarez Raúl , Tórres-Irineo Edgar , Rodríguez-Canul Rossanna 
Published: June 2021

The White Spot Syndrome Virus has been very detrimental for the shrimp industry. Up to date there is no cure for the disease, thus, it is necessary to implement reliable experimental strategies to evaluate the effect of drugs and the host response during the prognosis of the disease. In this study, we evaluated two ways of infection with WSSV (200 copies WSSV-DNA) (injection and immersion), at constant temperature (26 ± 0.5ºC), in juveniles of Litopenaeus vannamei (4.8 ± 0.38 g) in intermolt stage. In the infection by injection, the organisms were lethargic with reddish appearance 2 days after infection and mortality (100%) was observed within 2-5 days: 63% organisms with light degree of infection [20 copies of DNA & 1-5 Cowdry A-type inclusions in hypertrophied nuclei (CAI)/200 fields], 21% had moderate infection (200 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields) and 16% severely infected (2000 copies of DNA & more than 10 CAI/field). No mortality was observed in the controls. In the infection by immersion, the signs of WSSV were observed 3 days after infection: 38% of mortality was observed during 3-9 days: 25% of the organism with light degree of infection (20 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields), 5% moderately infected (200 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields) and 8% with severe infection (2000 copies of DNA & 1-5 CAI/2 fields. The other 62% organisms were necropsied at day 12 and tested positive to the WSSV-PCR (light infection = 20 copies of DNA), but did not show CAI by histology. No mortality was observed in the controls. For the statistical analysis, the data did not fit the criteria of independence and linearity needed for the analyses of variance, thus we used instead the mixed linear models and were able to observe a better prediction: in the injected organisms, the mortality reached the highest peak at day 5 after infection. In the organisms infected by immersion, the highest peak or mortality was observed at day 9 after infection. The analysis of variance of Kenward-Roger indicated significant differences between the days of mortality (F = 20.1, P = 0.001), as well as among the ways of infection (Random analysis) (P = 0.007).
Du processus mimétique à l’affirmation de soi : l’expérimentation différenciatrice
Authors: Mugnier Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2021

Dans cet article, je propose d’envisager la formation à partir du processus mimétique et des questions éthiques qu’il impose à l’égard du formateur. Comment celui-ci permettra-t-il aux stagiaires de trouver leur propre style une fois passé le temps du « il fait son/sa… » suivi du nom du formateur ou de la formatrice. Me concernant, un tel questionnement ne pouvait faire l’impasse du modèle de formation qui me fut transmis et qu’à mon tour j’ai transmis, une envie de me former et de transmettre dont Mony Elkaïm fut à l’origine.
Évolution de la position du sujet en français : une approche constructionnelle
Authors: Prévost Sophie 
Published: June 2021

La fixation progressive de l’ordre des mots en français a conduit au recul de la postposition du sujet, qui s’est majoritairement fixé devant le verbe. Cet article vise à analyser cette évolution dans une perspective constructionnelle, en rendant compte conjointement des sujets nominaux et pronominaux. Nous posons l’existence de trois constructions – SV, VSnominal, VSpronominal –, lesquelles forment système et sont caractérisées par des propriétés formelles et pragmatiques différentes. Celles-ci ont connu une série de changements qui a conduit à une reconfiguration progressive de ce système avec une spécialisation croissante de VS.
Chine et Asie du Sud-Est : les jeux sont-ils faits ?
Authors: Boisseau du Rocher Sophie 
Published: June 2021

La Chine pèse sur son environnement immédiat d’Asie du Sud-Est pour mettre en œuvre son concept de « communauté de destin partagé ». Présence accrue, dialogues multiples, projets communs concourent à réduire la marge de manœuvre des membres d’une ASEAN à l’efficacité réduite. La crise sanitaire a permis à Pékin de déployer ses ressources diplomatiques. Articulant la diplomatie et la pression militaire en mer de Chine, la Chine marginalise les autres acteurs – occidentaux – dans la région.
Face à la Chine, l’Australie en résistance
Authors: Rolland Nadège 
Published: June 2021

La Chine est le plus important partenaire commercial de l’Australie depuis 2007 et cherche à étendre son influence dans ce pays en utilisant trois méthodes : la cooptation, la corruption et la coercition. Les responsables politiques australiens, toutefois, ne sont pas naïfs. Ils ont adopté une série de mesures pour limiter les ingérences étrangères, déclenchant la colère de représentants chinois. Le bras de fer entre Canberra et Pékin peut fournir des enseignements utiles aux Européens.
Le composite dans les albums de littérature de jeunesse et ses effets différenciateurs : un exemple en cycle 2
Authors: Richard-Principalli Patricia , Fradet Marie-Françoise 
Published: June 2021

De récents travaux de l’équipe de recherche ESCOL étudient la nature « composite » des nouveaux supports d’apprentissage et leur étroite articulation avec la littératie scolaire. Cet article porte sur les critères du composite dans la littérature de jeunesse (hétérogénéité sémiotique et hétérogénéité discursive) et s’intéresse spécifiquement au cycle 2 de l’école primaire. L’hypothèse est que le caractère composite d’un album de jeunesse fait obstacle à la construction de sa signification par les jeunes lecteurs, particulièrement chez les élèves des milieux sociaux les plus éloignés de la littératie scolaire. Cette hypothèse est explorée à travers deux albums narratifs, lus à des élèves de deux classes de CE1 de milieu contrasté (ZEP vs. centre-ville). La compréhension de ces albums est évaluée par des rappels de récit. L’analyse qualitative des quatre rappels sélectionnés laisse penser que le degré élevé de composite de l’un des albums contribue à brouiller la compréhension des élèves de la classe ZEP, ce qui témoigne du caractère différenciateur du composite dans les albums de jeunesse.
Pretransplant Short-Term Exposure of Donor Graft Cells to ITK Selective Inhibitor Ameliorates Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Inhibiting Effector T Cell Differentiation while Sparing Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Kondo Takumi , Ikegawa Shuntaro , Fukumi Takuya , Sumii Yuichi , Sugiura Hiroyuki , Sando Yasuhisa , Nakamura Makoto , Meguri Yusuke , Iwamoto Miki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Matsuoka Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). IL-2–inducible T cell kinase (ITK), a TEC cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, has an essential role in T cell development and receptor signaling. The ITK/Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib has been shown to improve chronic GVHD symptoms; however, the effect of ITK selective inhibition on acute GVHD remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological effects of an ITK selective inhibitor (ITKsi) on acute GVHD using murine bone marrow transplantation models. First, we found that CD4+ T cell differentiation toward Th1, Th2, or Th17 was inhibited following ITKsi treatment in a dose-dependent manner while maintaining regulatory T cells in the presence of alloantigens both in vitro and in vivo. ITKsi preferentially inhibited inflammatory cytokine production and in vivo proliferation of alloreactive T cells. We then demonstrated that short-term exposure of donor graft cells to ITKsi significantly delayed the onset of GVHD-associated mortality without compromising the donor cell engraftment and the graft-versus-tumor effect, indicating the potential of ITK selective inhibition in the setting of clinical allogeneic HSCT. These findings suggest that ITK is a potential therapeutic target against GVHD, and the pharmacological ITK inhibitor may serve as a novel strategy for immune regulation after HSCT.
Three-dimensional linear and volumetric assessment of the maxillary sinus following posterior teeth extraction with implications for dental implant
Authors: Padhye Ninad Milind , Shirsekar Vinayak Umesh , Bhange Prasad Diwakar , Nikam Shital S , Marathe Ashlesha S 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Maxillary sinus pneumatization is usually noted after posterior teeth extraction. The pneumatization occurs at the expense of the alveolar bone and may compromise the residual ridge dimensions for further procedures. This article aimed to assess three dimensionally the linear and volumetric changes of the maxillary sinus following posterior teeth extraction using a split mouth study design.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with unilateral missing molar(s) or premolar(s) were assessed. Linear craniocaudal measurement from the orbital floor to the maxillary alveolar ridge was noted, and the sinus volume was measured using 3Diagnosys software (v3.1, 3Diemme, Cantu, Italy) and compared between the test and control side. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired Student's t-test.

Results:
Linear dimensions of the maxillary sinus increased from 33.12 (±3.99) mm on the control side to 33.34 (±3.95) mm on the test side (P = 0.0005). An increase in the volume from 13.78 (±2.55) ml to 13.99 (±2.61) ml was observed in the control and test side, respectively (P = 0.0002).

Conclusion:
A significant increase in sinus dimension and volume is seen after posterior teeth extraction. This may hinder further implant-supported rehabilitative procedures in this region.