bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation on a theme: pigmentation variants and mutants of anemonefish
Authors: Klann Marleen , Mercader Manon , Carlu Lilian , Hayashi Kina , Reimer James Davis , Laudet Vincent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPigmentation patterning systems are of great interest to understand how changes in developmental mechanisms can lead to a wide variety of patterns. These patterns are often conspicuous, but their origins remain elusive for many marine fish species. Dismantling a biological system allows a better understanding of the required components and the deciphering of how such complex systems are established and function. Valuable information can be obtained from detailed analyses and comparisons of pigmentation patterns of mutants and/or variants from normal patterns. Anemonefishes have been popular marine fish in aquaculture for many years, which has led to the isolation of several mutant lines, and in particular color alterations, that have become very popular in the pet trade. Additionally, scattered information about naturally occurring aberrant anemonefish is available on various websites and image platforms. In this review, the available information on anemonefish color pattern alterations has been gathered and compiled in order to characterize and compare different mutations. With the global picture of anemonefish mutants and variants emerging from this, such as presence or absence of certain phenotypes, information on the patterning system itself can be gained.
The role of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 disease
Authors:   European Society of Radiology (ESR), Clevert Dirk-André , Sidhu Paul S. , Lim Adrian , Ewertsen Caroline , Mitkov Vladimir , Piskunowicz Maciej , Ricci Paolo , Bargallo Núria , Brady Adrian P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis statement summarises basic settings in lung ultrasonography and best practice recommendations for lung ultrasonography in COVID-19, representing the agreed consensus of experts from the Ultrasound Subcommittee of the European Society of Radiology (ESR). Standard lung settings and artefacts in lung ultrasonography are explained for education and training, equipment settings, documentation and self-protection.
Combining autologous bone marrow buffy coat and angioconductive bioceramic rod grafting with advanced core decompression improves short-term outcomes in early avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a prospective, randomized, comparative study
Authors: Li Qingtian , Liao Weihong , Fu Guangtao , Liao Junxing , Zhang Ruiying , Li Mengyuan , Yang Yuhui , Ma Yuanchen , Zheng Minghao , Zheng Qiujian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) in young patients remains a clinical challenge. A current controversy is whether hip-preserving surgery results in better outcomes. The adverse effects of hip-preserving surgery are associated with the fill material for the necrotic areas. This study aims to evaluate the early effects of autologous bone marrow buffy coat (BBC) and angioconductive bioceramic rod (ABR) grafting with advanced core decompression (ACD) on early ANFH.

Methods
Forty-four (57 hips) patients with early ANFH from 2015 to 2020 were recruited for this study. They were randomized into two groups: group A received ACD, BBC, and ABR grafting; group B received treatment of ACD with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules and ABR grafting. The outcomes were assessed using the Harris Hip Scores (HHS) and survival rate analysis. The follow-up endpoint was defined as conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Results
Forty patients (51 hips) were ultimately included in this study for analysis. Compared with group B, patients in group A had higher postoperative function score (P = 0.032) and postoperative Harris Hip Scores (HHS) (P = 0.041). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a trend that the survivorship of the femoral head was higher in group A than in group B.

Conclusion
The short-term follow-up results showed that the autologous bone marrow buffy coat and angioconductive bioceramic rod grafting with advanced core decompression is effective in the treatment of early ANFH.

Trial registration
Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000039595. Retrospectively registered on 11 February 2015.
The effects and potential applications of concentrated growth factor in dentin–pulp complex regeneration
Authors: Li Zixia , Liu Liu , Wang Liu , Song Dongzhe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dentin–pulp complex is essential for the long-term integrity and viability of teeth but it is susceptible to damage caused by external factors. Because traditional approaches for preserving the dentin–pulp complex have various limitations, there is a need for novel methods for dentin–pulp complex reconstruction. The development of stem cell-based tissue engineering has given rise to the possibility of combining dental stem cells with a tissue-reparative microenvironment to promote dentin–pulp complex regeneration. Concentrated growth factor, a platelet concentrate, is a promising scaffold for the treatment of dentin–pulp complex disorders. Given its characteristics of autogenesis, convenience, usability, and biodegradability, concentrated growth factor has gained popularity in medical and dental fields for repairing bone defects and promoting soft-tissue healing. Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that concentrated growth factor can promote the proliferation and migration of dental stem cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the effects of concentrated growth factor on stem cells and its potential applications in dentin–pulp complex regeneration.
Lawsonia intracellularis infected enterocytes lack sucrase-isomaltase which contributes to reduced pig digestive capacity
Authors: Helm Emma T. , Burrough Eric R. , Leite Fernando L. , Gabler Nicholas K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLawsonia intracellularisis endemic to swine herds worldwide, however much is still unknown regarding its impact on intestinal function. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the impact ofL. intracellularison digestive function, and how vaccination mitigates these impacts. Thirty-sixL. intracellularisnegative barrows were assigned to treatment groups (n =  12/trt): (1) nonvaccinated,L. intracellularisnegative (NC); (2) nonvaccinated,L intracellularischallenged (PC); and (3)L. intracellularischallenged, vaccinated (Enterisol®Ileitis, Boehringer Ingelheim) 7 weeks pre-challenge (VAC). On days post-inoculation (dpi) 0 PC and VAC pigs were inoculated withL. intracellularis. From dpi 19–21 fecal samples were collected for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and at dpi 21, pigs were euthanized for sample collection. Post-inoculation, ADG was reduced in PC pigs compared with NC (41%,P <  0.001) and VAC (25%,P <  0.001) pigs. Ileal gross lesion severity was greater in PC pigs compared with NC (P =  0.003) and VAC (P =  0.018) pigs. Dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, and energy ATTD were reduced in PC pigs compared with NC pigs (P ≤  0.001 for all). RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed abolition of sucrase-isomaltase transcript in the ileum of PC pigs compared with NC and VAC pigs (P <  0.01). Conversely, abundance of stem cell signaling markers Wnt3, Hes1, and p27Kip1were increased in PC pigs compared with NC pigs (P ≤  0.085). Taken together, these data demonstrate that reduced digestibility duringL. intracellularischallenge is partially driven by abolition of digestive machinery in lesioned tissue. Further, vaccination mitigated several of these effects, likely from lower bacterial burden and reduced disease severity.
Construction and characterization of a functional chimeric laccase from metagenomes suitable as a biocatalyst
Authors: Itoh Nobuya , Hayashi Yuya , Honda Serina , Yamamoto Yuna , Tanaka Daichi , Toda Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScreening of gene-specific amplicons from metagenomes (S-GAM) is an efficient technique for the isolation of homologous genes from metagenomes. Using the S-GAM approach, we targeted multi-copper oxidase (MCO) genes including laccase and bilirubin oxidase (BOX) in soil and compost metagenomes, and successfully isolated novel MCO core regions. These core enzyme genes shared approximately 70% identity with that of the putative MCO from Micromonospora sp. MP36. According to the principle of S-GAM, the N- and C-terminal regions of the deduced products of the mature gene come from the known parent gene, which should be homologous and compatible with the target gene. We constructed two different MCO hybrid genes using Bacillus subtilis BOX and Micromonospora sp. MP36 MCO, to give Bs-mg-mco and Mic-mg-mco, respectively. The constructed chimeric MCO genes were fused with the maltose-binding protein (MBP) gene at the N-terminus for expression in Escherichia coli cells. We found that MBP-Mic-mg-MCO/Mic-mg-MCO possessed the characteristic properties of laccase, although MBP-Bs-mg-MCO had no activity. This novel laccase (Mic-mg-MCO) demonstrated unique substrate specificity, sufficient activity at neutral pH, and high thermal stability, which are suitable properties for its use as a laccase biocatalyst.
Intra-dialytic hypotension following the transition from continuous to intermittent renal replacement therapy
Authors: Beaubien-Souligny William , Yang Yifan , Burns Karen E. A. , Friedrich Jan O. , Meraz-Muñoz Alejandro , Clark Edward G. , Adhikari Neill K. , Bagshaw Sean M. , Wald Ron 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Transition from continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) to intermittent renal replacement therapy (IRRT) can be associated with intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) although data to inform the definition of IDH, its incidence and clinical implications, are lacking. We aimed to describe the incidence and factors associated with IDH during the first IRRT session following transition from CRRT and its association with hospital mortality. This was a retrospective single-center cohort study in patients with acute kidney injury for whom at least one CRRT-to-IRRT transition occurred while in intensive care. We assessed associations between multiple candidate definitions of IDH and hospital mortality. We then evaluated the factors associated with IDH.

Results
We evaluated 231 CRRT-to-IRRT transitions in 213 critically ill patients with AKI. Hospital mortality was 43.7% (n = 93). We defined IDH during the first IRRT session as 1) discontinuation of IRRT for hemodynamic instability; 2) any initiation or increase in vasopressor/inotropic agents or 3) a nadir systolic blood pressure of < 90 mmHg. IDH during the first IRRT session occurred in 50.2% of CRRT-to-IRRT transitions and was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.71; CI 1.51–4.84, p < 0.001). Clinical variables at the time of CRRT discontinuation associated with IDH included vasopressor use, higher cumulative fluid balance, and lower urine output.

Conclusions
IDH events during CRRT-to-IRRT transition occurred in nearly half of patients and were independently associated with hospital mortality. We identified several characteristics that anticipate the development of IDH following the initiation of IRRT.
A study of symmetric contractions with an application to generalized fractional differential equations
Authors: Hussain Aftab , Jarad Fahd , Karapinar Erdal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article proposes four distinct kinds of symmetric contraction in the framework of complete F-metric spaces. We examine the condition to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for these contractions. As an application, we look for the solutions to fractional boundary value problems involving a generalized fractional derivative known as the fractional derivative with respect to another function.
Altered ribosomal function and protein synthesis caused by tau
Authors: Evans Harrison Tudor , Taylor Deonne , Kneynsberg Andrew , Bodea Liviu-Gabriel , Götz Jürgen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of new proteins is a fundamental aspect of cellular life and is required for many neurological processes, including the formation, updating and extinction of long-term memories. Protein synthesis is impaired in neurodegenerative diseases including tauopathies, in which pathology is caused by aberrant changes to the microtubule-associated protein tau. We recently showed that both global de novo protein synthesis and the synthesis of select ribosomal proteins (RPs) are decreased in mouse models of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) which express mutant forms of tau. However, a comprehensive analysis of the effect of FTD-mutant tau on ribosomes is lacking. Here we used polysome profiling, de novo protein labelling and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to examine how ribosomes are altered in models of FTD. We identified 10 RPs which were decreased in abundance in primary neurons taken from the K3 mouse model of FTD. We further demonstrate that expression of human tau (hTau) decreases both protein synthesis and biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit, with these effects being exacerbated in the presence of FTD-associated tau mutations. Lastly, we demonstrate that expression of the amino-terminal projection domain of hTau is sufficient to reduce protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis. Together, these data reinforce a role for tau in impairing ribosomal function.
Developing a tool to assess technical skills in talented youth table tennis players—a multi-method approach combining professional and scientific literature and coaches’ perspectives
Authors: Faber Irene R. , Koopmann Till , Büsch Dirk , Schorer Jörg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The assessment of technical skills as part of a multidimensional approach for talent identification and development in sports seems promising, especially in a technique-based sport like table tennis. However, current instruments mostly focus on a single element of technical skills, mainly use quantitative outcomes, and/or are not developed for talent purposes. Practice would benefit from a new instrument using a more ecologically valid approach. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the essential elements of technical skills in young table tennis players and to establish a first tool while using a multi-methods study design including an archive search for professional literature, a systematic search for scientific literature, as well as ten in-depth interviews with expert coaches.

Results
This approach taken ensured empirical findings to be combined with knowledge and experiences from the practical field and detailed explications by high-level expert coaches. Results for the literature searches yielded 23 professional and 21 scientific articles while data saturation was reached through all ten interviews. The triangulation process resulted in two general (i.e., individuality, interconnection between elements) and five specific (i.e., bat grip, ready position, footwork/body positioning, service, stroke) elements of technical skills in young table tennis players. In addition, criteria for both flawed and excellent executions were identified for each of the five specific elements. Finally, these results were used to create an observation sheet usable for an assessment during competition.

Conclusions
This study revealed the crucial elements of technical skills that should be taken into account when assessing sport-specific technical skills of youth table tennis players (8–12 years). Moreover, it provided concise descriptions of what is considered to be flawed or excellent executions of technical skills. Based on these findings, a first observation sheet, the Oldenburg observation sheet for Table Tennis Technique (O3T), was created to be used for the assessment of the current technical skill level within a competitive context at the early stage of a table tennis player’s career. Future research should focus on its measurement properties and its value within a multidimensional assessment for talent purposes.
Locomotive syndrome in hemodialysis patients and its association with quality of life—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kitabayashi Kou , Yamamoto Suguru , Katano Yumi , Giustini Kayoko , Ei Isei , Ishii Yuji , Narita Ichiei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as impairment of mobility function.
This study aimed to clarify LS and its association with quality of life in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. The subjects were chronic kidney disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment. LS was assessed using two physical tests (two-step test, stand-up test) and one self-reported test (Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-25). LS has two stages of severity; the beginning of the decline in mobility function is known as Locomo stage 1, and the progression of the decline of mobility function is known as Locomo stage 2. We used SF-36 to assess quality of life and examined their relationships with the Locomo stages. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, and Mantel-Haenszel test were used for analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to model the cross-sectional association of Locomo stages with each component and summary score of SF-36.

Results
A total of 76 hemodialysis patients were included. The number of subjects with Locomo stage 1 and stage 2 were 19 (25%) and 53 (70%), respectively, while only four (5%) subjects did not have mobility dysfunction. Each component and summary score of the SF-36 for physical function, role emotional, physical component summary, and mental component summary were significantly associated with Locomo stages.

Conclusion
A high prevalence and severity of LS in hemodialysis patients was found, and the severity was associated with quality of life.
The toxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the terrestrial slug Lehmannia nyctelia (Gastropoda-Limacidae)
Authors: Mohammad Wafaa A. , Ali Safaa M. , Farhan Nasser , Said Shimaa Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Chemicals have deleterious effect on the environment. The wide use of nanomaterials as products for plant protection, fertilizers, and also in water purification leads to the release of these materials to the environment. Terrestrial gastropods including snails and slugs have the ability to accumulate heavy metals in their bodies. The present study evaluates the toxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the terrestrial slug Lehmannia nyctelia. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by thermal decomposition method. ZnO NPs are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV). Slugs were treated with three different concentrations of ZnO NPs.

Results
A total of three animals died by the end of the experiment. Many histological alterations were detected after exposure to different concentration of ZnO NPs.

Conclusions
The obtained histological alterations prove the toxic effect of ZnO NPs on the animal under study.
Co-infection of Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV infection and its risk factors among prison inmates in Umuahia, Abia State, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Lawrence Queen Ozioma , Amadi Anthonia Nnenna Chuks , Okosa Chinenye , Ikpi Paulinus Obeten , Chukwuemeka Blessing Chigozie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
A study was conducted to determine the co-infection of Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV infection prevalence and its risk factors among prison inmates in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 350 inmates (280 males and 70 females) participated in the study. Three hundred and fifty (350) blood and urine samples including 70 high vaginal swabs (from females) were screened using direct serological and wet mount methods respectively. Structured questionnaire were administered to obtain socio-demographic and behavioral risk factor data.

Results
An overall prevalence 43.4% was recorded for Trichomonas vaginalis single infection and 2.6% for HIV single infection. A total of 8(2.3%) prevalence for Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV co-infection were recorded in our study. Females recorded more infection (2.8%) than their male counterpart (2.1%). Age groups 21–30 and 31–40 had highest prevalence in male and age group 31–40 in females. This study also identified multiple sex partners and unprotected sex as the major risk factors that influence transmission of T. vaginalis and HIV infection although was insignificant.

Conclusions
Prevalence of T. vaginalis and HIV co-infection was minimal, however, should not be ignored. Adequate healthcare facility should be provided in the prison. Inmates should be tested and treated upon their release to reduce the spread of the infection to the general population.
Bacillus thuringiensis as microbial biopesticide: uses and application for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Kamle Madhu , Borah Rituraj , Mahato Dipendra Kumar , Sharma Bharti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used in agriculture for a long time because of its insecticidal proteins which make it a valuable environment-friendly biopesticide. However, its use is not only limited to insecticidal properties. Current and previous studies indicate its potential as a biofertilizer for promoting plant growth, the development of transgenic plants, and others. It is the presence of δ-endotoxins, especially cry protein, which attributes the insecticidal property to the bacteria. Besides, there are some vegetative and secreted insecticidal proteins that exert their toxic activity towards specific species.

Main body of abstract
The present review briefly provides an overview of the Bt uses and application as a biocontrol agent against insect pest for sustainable agriculture. Historical development of Bt as biocontrol, classification of various cry proteins, their mechanisms of actions against different insect-pest, and incorporation of cry genes in the plant for developing transgenic Bt plants such as Bt cotton, potato, and maize. Applications of Bt as biofertilizer and the various bioformulations as biopesticide are also described.

Short conclusion
Uses of harmful pesticides and chemical cause various health issues and environmental problem; therefore, the Bt served as the best alternative to overcome the above issue. Also, we aim to explore the potential as plant growth-promoting potential and solubilization of minerals and the uses as a biofertilizer, keeping the high specificity and environmental safety of Bt. Its various formulations are commercially available and considered an efficient alternative to chemical pesticides.
Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR
Authors: Mahapatra Aastha , Prasad Tanya , Sharma Tripti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer.

Main text
Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade.

Conclusion
This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold.

Graphical abstract