bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial nighttime lighting impacts visual ecology links between flowers, pollinators and predators
Authors: Briolat Emmanuelle S. , Gaston Kevin J. , Bennie Jonathan , Rosenfeld Emma J. , Troscianko Jolyon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe nighttime environment is being altered rapidly over large areas worldwide through introduction of artificial lighting, from streetlights and other sources. This is predicted to impact the visual ecology of many organisms, affecting both their intra- and interspecific interactions. Here, we show the effects of different artificial light sources on multiple aspects of hawkmoth visual ecology, including their perception of floral signals for pollination, the potential for intraspecific sexual signalling, and the effectiveness of their visual defences against avian predators. Light sources fall into three broad categories: some that prevent use of chromatic signals for these behaviours, others that more closely mimic natural lighting conditions, and, finally, types whose effects vary with light intensity and signal colour. We find that Phosphor Converted (PC) amber LED lighting – often suggested to be less harmful to nocturnal insects – falls into this third disruptive group, with unpredictable consequences for insect visual ecology depending on distance from the light source and the colour of the objects viewed. The diversity of impacts of artificial lighting on hawkmoth visual ecology alone argues for a nuanced approach to outdoor lighting in environmentally sensitive areas, employing intensities and spectra designed to limit those effects of most significant concern.
Lactate sensing mechanisms in arterial chemoreceptor cells
Authors: Torres-Torrelo Hortensia , Ortega-Sáenz Patricia , Gao Lin , López-Barneo José 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClassically considered a by-product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now viewed as a fundamental fuel for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and preferred over glucose by many tissues. Lactate is also a signaling molecule of increasing medical relevance. Lactate levels in the blood can increase in both normal and pathophysiological conditions (e.g., hypoxia, physical exercise, or sepsis), however the manner by which these changes are sensed and induce adaptive responses is unknown. Here we show that the carotid body (CB) is essential for lactate homeostasis and that CB glomus cells, the main oxygen sensing arterial chemoreceptors, are also lactate sensors. Lactate is transported into glomus cells, leading to a rapid increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio. This in turn activates membrane cation channels, leading to cell depolarization, action potential firing, and Ca2+ influx. Lactate also decreases intracellular pH and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which further activates glomus cells. Lactate and hypoxia, although sensed by separate mechanisms, share the same final signaling pathway and jointly activate glomus cells to potentiate compensatory cardiorespiratory reflexes.
Veillonellaceae family members uniquely alter the cervical metabolic microenvironment in a human three-dimensional epithelial model
Authors: Salliss Mary E. , Maarsingh Jason D. , Garza Camryn , Łaniewski Paweł , Herbst-Kralovetz Melissa M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBacterial vaginosis (BV) is a gynecologic disorder characterized by a shift in cervicovaginal microbiota from Lactobacillus spp. dominance to a polymicrobial biofilm composed of diverse anaerobes. We utilized a well-characterized human three-dimensional cervical epithelial cell model in conjunction with untargeted metabolomics and immunoproteomics analyses to determine the immunometabolic contribution of three members of the Veillonellaceae family: Veillonella atypica, Veillonella montpellierensis and Megasphaera micronuciformis at this site. We found that Veillonella spp. infections induced significant elevation of polyamines. M. micronuciformis infections significantly increased soluble inflammatory mediators, induced moderate levels of cell cytotoxicity, and accumulation of cell membrane lipids relative to Veillonella spp. Notably, both V. atypica and V. montpellierensis infections resulted in consumption of lactate, a key metabolite linked to gynecologic and reproductive health. Collectively our approach and data provide unique insights into the specific contributions of Veillonellaceae members to the pathogenesis of BV and women’s health.
Effects of context on the neural correlates of attention in a college classroom
Authors: Grammer Jennie K. , Xu Keye , Lenartowicz Agatha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActivities that are effective in supporting attention have the potential to increase opportunities for student learning. However, little is known about the impact of instructional contexts on student attention, in part due to limitations in our ability to measure attention in the classroom, typically based on behavioral observation and self-reports. To address this issue, we used portable electroencephalography (EEG) measurements of neural oscillations to evaluate the effects of learning context on student attention. The results suggest that attention, as indexed by lower alpha power as well as higher beta and gamma power, is stronger during student-initiated activities than teacher-initiated activities. EEG data revealed different patterns in student attention as compared to standardized coding of attentional behaviors. We conclude that EEG signals offer a powerful tool for understanding differences in student cognitive states as a function of classroom instruction that are unobservable from behavior alone.
Effect of glycerol plasticizer loading on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch biopolymers
Authors: Tarique J. , Sapuan S. M. , Khalina A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis research was set out to explore the development of arrowroot starch (AS) films using glycerol (G) as plasticizer at the ratio of 15, 30, and 45% (w/w, starch basis) using solution casting technique. The developed films were analyzed in terms of physical, structural, mechanical, thermal, environmental, and barrier properties. The incorporation of glycerol to AS film-making solution reduced the brittleness and fragility of films. An increment in glycerol concentration caused an increment in film thickness, moisture content, and solubility in water, whereas density and water absorption were reduced. The tensile strength and modulus of G-plasticized AS films were reduced significantly from 9.34 to 1.95 MPa and 620.79 to 36.08 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break was enhanced from 2.41 to 57.33%. FTIR analysis revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding occurred between glycerol and AS in plasticized films compared to control films. The G-plasticized films showed higher thermal stability than control films. The cross-sectional micrographs revealed that the films containing 45% glycerol concentration had higher homogeneity than 15% and 30%. Water vapour permeability of plasticized films increased by an increase in glycerol concentrations. The findings of this research provide insights into the development of bio-degradable food packaging.
Comparative analysis of the social vulnerability assessment to climate change applied to fisheries from Spain and Turkey
Authors: Gómez Murciano Mauro , Liu Yajie , Ünal Vahdet , Sánchez LIzaso José Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the climate effects on fisheries from a bottom-up approach based on fishers’ fishing experience, knowledge, and perceptions. To perform this task, a social vulnerability assessment was conducted in two different fishing areas: one in Spain and the other one in Turkey. The vulnerability was measured using the collected data and information through a structured questionnaire, and surveys were carried out among fishers in the Castelló (Spain) and the Aegean Sea (Turkey) between 2018 and 2019. Overall, the results indicated that the two studied regions have a moderate to high vulnerability and that the Aegean Sea was slightly more vulnerable than Castelló. It was also found that storms and temperature are the main climatic stressors that affect the fishing sector, and the economic indicators such as revenue from fishing in both regions showed high degrees of sensitivity. To reduce the vulnerability to climate change, adaptive measures should be implemented while taking into consideration the specific socio-economic and institutional characteristics of each region. In conclusion, the effects of climate change on the fishing sector and their social vulnerability are diverse. Consequently, there is no single climate measure that can minimize the vulnerability of fishing sectors in different regions.
Serum lipid profile in HCV patients treated with direct-acting antivirals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Villani Rosanna , Di Cosimo Francesca , Romano Antonino Davide , Sangineto Moris , Serviddio Gaetano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough direct-acting antivirals are very effective and safe drugs, several authors have reported the alteration of lipid profile during and after anti-HCV therapy suggesting a potential impact on the risk of cardiovascular events. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the magnitude and temporal trend of lipid profile changes in DAA treated patients. All selected studies included data on lipid profile before starting therapy and at least one follow-up assessment during or after antiviral treatment. We identified 14 studies (N = 1537 patients) after removing duplicates. Pooled data showed an increase in total cholesterol 4 weeks after starting therapy (+ 15.86 mg/dl; 95% CI + 9.68 to 22.05; p < 0.001) and 12 weeks after treatment completion (+ 17.05 mg/dl; 95% CI + 11.24 to 22.85; p < 0.001). LDL trend was similar to the total cholesterol change in overall analysis. A mean increase in HDL-cholesterol of 3.36 mg/dl (95% CI + 0.92 to 5.79; p = 0.07) was observed after 12 weeks of treatment, whereas at SVR24 HDL difference was + 4.34 mg/dl (95% CI + 1.40 to 7.28; p = 0.004).Triglycerides did not show significant changes during treatment and after treatment completion. DAAs induce mild lipid changes in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs, which may persist after treatment completion.
Adaptive brain activity changes during tongue movement with palatal coverage from fMRI data
Authors: Inamochi Yuka , Fueki Kenji , Usui Nobuo , Taira Masato , Wakabayashi Noriyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSuccessful adaptation to wearing dentures with palatal coverage may be associated with cortical activity changes related to tongue motor control. The purpose was to investigate the brain activity changes during tongue movement in response to a new oral environment. Twenty-eight fully dentate subjects (mean age: 28.6-years-old) who had no experience with removable dentures wore experimental palatal plates for 7 days. We measured tongue motor dexterity, difficulty with tongue movement, and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging during tongue movement at pre-insertion (Day 0), as well as immediately (Day 1), 3 days (Day 3), and 7 days (Day 7) post-insertion. Difficulty with tongue movement was significantly higher on Day 1 than on Days 0, 3, and 7. In the subtraction analysis of brain activity across each day, activations in the angular gyrus and right precuneus on Day 1 were significantly higher than on Day 7. Tongue motor impairment induced activation of the angular gyrus, which was associated with monitoring of the tongue’s spatial information, as well as the activation of the precuneus, which was associated with constructing the tongue motor imagery. As the tongue regained the smoothness in its motor functions, the activation of the angular gyrus and precuneus decreased.
A multicolor and ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for metal ions based on arene–metal-ion contact
Authors: Kanegae Anna , Takata Yusuke , Takashima Ippei , Uchinomiya Shohei , Kawagoe Ryosuke , Usui Kazuteru , Yamashita Akira , Wongkongkatep Jirarut , Sugimoto Manabu , Ojida Akio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite continuous and active development of fluorescent metal-ion probes, their molecular design for ratiometric detection is restricted by the limited choice of available sensing mechanisms. Here we present a multicolor and ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for metal ions based on the interaction between the metal ion and the aromatic ring of a fluorophore (arene–metal-ion, AM, coordination). Our molecular design provided the probes possessing a 1,9-bis(2′-pyridyl)-2,5,8-triazanonane as a flexible metal ion binding unit attached to a tricyclic fluorophore. This architecture allows to sense various metal ions, such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II) with emission red-shifts. We showed that this probe design is applicable to a series of tricyclic fluorophores, which allow ratiometric detection of the metal ions from the blue to the near-infrared wavelengths. X-ray crystallography and theoretical calculations indicate that the coordinated metal ion has van der Waals contact with the fluorophore, perturbing the dye’s electronic structure and ring conformation to induce the emission red-shift. A set of the probes was useful for the differential sensing of eight metal ions in a one-pot single titration via principal component analysis. We also demonstrate that a xanthene fluorophore is applicable to the ratiometric imaging of metal ions under live-cell conditions.
Skilful prediction of cod stocks in the North and Barents Sea a decade in advance
Authors: Koul Vimal , Sguotti Camilla , Årthun Marius , Brune Sebastian , Düsterhus André , Bogstad Bjarte , Ottersen Geir , Baehr Johanna , Schrum Corinna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReliable information about the future state of the ocean and fish stocks is necessary for informed decision-making by fisheries scientists, managers and the industry. However, decadal regional ocean climate and fish stock predictions have until now had low forecast skill. Here, we provide skilful forecasts of the biomass of cod stocks in the North and Barents Seas a decade in advance. We develop a unified dynamical-statistical prediction system wherein statistical models link future stock biomass to dynamical predictions of sea surface temperature, while also considering different fishing mortalities. Our retrospective forecasts provide estimates of past performance of our models and they suggest differences in the source of prediction skill between the two cod stocks. We forecast the continuation of unfavorable oceanic conditions for the North Sea cod in the coming decade, which would inhibit its recovery at present fishing levels, and a decrease in Northeast Arctic cod stock compared to the recent high levels.
Electrical characteristics of gated‐anode diodes based on normally‐off GaN HEMT structures for rectenna applications
Authors: Takahashi Hidemasa , Ando Yuji , Tsuchiya Yoichi , Wakejima Akio , Hayashi Hiroaki , Yagyu Eiji , Kikkawa Koichi , Sakai Naoki , Itoh Kenji , Suda Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, a gated‐anode diode (GAD) is proposed where an anode electrode is formed by connecting a gate electrode and an ohmic electrode of a normally‐off GaN HEMT for a 5.8 GHz rectenna. A wide recessed gate GaN GADs were prepared and the recess length dependence of their electrical characteristics was investigated. Typical DC characteristics of the HEMTs are a threshold voltage (Vth) of +0.3 V and a maximum drain current (Imax) of 300 mA/mm. The GADs showed the characteristics of maximum forward current (If) of 350 mA/mm, reverse breakdown voltage (BVr) of 40 V, and off‐state capacitance (Coff) of 0.28 pF/mm by using optimized recess length. We constructed SPICE model of the GADs. The SPICE simulation predicted a rectifier efficiency of 81% and a DC output power of 10 W for bridge type 5.8 GHz rectifier using four GADs with each gate width of 0.8 mm.
Terminal characteristics measurements and analysis of the three‐phase Active Front‐End converter building block
Authors: Petković Marko , Dujić Dražen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe safe and reliable operation of a modern power system imposes the need to describe and estimate the system stability through impedance‐admittance measurement and identification. The integration and operation of medium voltage equipment in existing infrastructure requires impedance‐admittance measurement devices which are currently few in number and often limited in output voltage level and output bandwidth. The four‐quadrant Cascaded H‐Bridge (CHB) topology, featuring a three‐phase Active Front‐End (AFE) and a single‐phase H‐Bridge inverter presents itself as a potential solution to this problem. To support the development of the CHB topology the AFE hardware and control platforms require implementation and testing. The testing aspect of the process additionally includes the measurement of terminal characteristics such as the input admittance and the output impedance. The complexity of the CHB converter and its increased number of power electronics building blocks requires the use of industrial control platforms. This work defines the hardware implementation and control principle of the three‐phase AFE of a CHB converter as well as the system for measuring its terminal characteristics. The results obtained show that the proposed system can be successfully used to measure the input admittance and output impedance of the AFE upon which the development of the CHB is based.
State support for tourism clusters in green tourism
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Nianko Viktoriia , Chesnokova Zhanna , Dolmatova Lyudmila , Tkachenko Anna 
Published: July 2021

Among the main areas that can improve rural infrastructure and change the economic and social situation in rural areas is green tourism. In many countries of the world, there is a tendency to increase the interest of citizens in recreation in rural areas. Tourists are attracted by the organic foods and a rural way of life.
However, in regions with active tourist activity, there are often many problems associated with causing damage to the environment. The desire to get the maximum profit can bring irreversible damage to nature.
Green tourism, in our opinion, requires coordination and regulation by state regulatory bodies. However, in our opinion, this should not hinder the entrepreneurial initiative.
In our opinion, state intervention is appropriate only when the interests of society and the industry require it. It is necessary to provide freedom of activity to the subjects of tourist activity in compliance with strict regulations.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines dosierten Krafttrainings bei
Patienten nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Schwan Uwe , Scherer Lena , Zoller Nadine , Nechwatal Robert , Woll Alexander 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland werden jährlich ca. 95 000 Operationen mittels
Sternotomie und minimalinvasiv durchgeführt. Dennoch gibt es für
Inhalte, Trainingsplanung und Durchführung der Bewegungstherapie keine
einheitlichen Empfehlungen. Die vorliegende Studie soll eine Möglichkeit
aufzeigen, das sporttherapeutische Spektrum von herzoperierten Patienten zu
erweitern und die Machbarkeit eines gerätegestützten
Krafttrainings bereits ab der 3. Woche postoperativ aufzeigen.Dafür wurden 42 Patienten nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen einem
dosierten, schmerzadaptierten Krafttraining an Sequenztrainingsgeräten
während einer Anschlussheilbehandlung unterzogen. Die Effekte wurden
mittels eines Maximalkrafttests und subjektivem Belastungsempfinden (BORG-Skala)
überprüft.Die Patienten trainierten bei 65% der Maximalkraft nach dem Modus
2–3 Serien à 10 Wiederholungen. Bei allen Patienten kam es zu
einer signifikanten Steigerung der Maximalkraft, ohne dass
Wundheilungsstörungen oder Sternuminstabilitäten auftraten. Kein
Patient musste das Training schmerzbedingt abbrechen. Die Gewichtsbelastung lag
über den allgemeinen Empfehlungen aus den chirurgischen Zentren. Somit
wäre eine Überarbeitung der Empfehlungen
wünschenswert.
Peroral cholecystoscopy using a multibending ultraslim endoscope through a lumen-apposing metal stent for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage: a feasibility study
Authors: Yoo Hae Won , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Song Yeon Han , Yang Jae Kook , Lee Tae Hoon , Cha Sang-Woo , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang-Heum 
Published: July 2021

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) has rendered endoscopic gallbladder assessment through a stent possible, but an appropriate endoscope is required. We assessed the feasibility of peroral cholecystoscopy (POCC) using a multibending ultraslim endoscope passed through a LAMS after EUS-GBD.
Methods 14 patients with a LAMS for EUS-GBD who consecutively underwent POCC were included. POCC was performed using a multibending endoscope inserted through the LAMS. The primary outcome was the technical success rate, defined as complete endoscopic examination of the gallbladder from the orifice of the cystic duct to the fundus. The types of intervention and adverse events were recorded.
Results 17 POCCs were performed in 14 patients. Of the 17 POCCs, 15 (88.2 %) were technically successful. Narrow-band imaging endoscopy was performed in 12 procedures (70.6 %), and cholecystoscopy-guided target biopsies were obtained in six. Gallstone extraction was performed in two patients. After POCC, all LAMSs remained stable and no adverse events were observed.
Conclusions POCC using a multibending ultraslim endoscope can be effectively and safely performed through a LAMS after EUS-GBD.
The Reassessed Impact of Nicotine against Neurotoxicity in Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Cell Cultures and Neuroblastoma N18TG2 Cells
Authors: Delijewski Marcin , Radad Khaled , Krewenka Christopher , Kranner Barbara , Moldzio Rudolf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeuroprotective effects of nicotine are still under debate, so further studies on its effectiveness against Parkinsonʼs disease are required. In our present study, we used primary dopaminergic cell cultures and N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells to investigate the effect of nicotine and its neuroprotective potential against rotenone toxicity. Nicotine protected dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive) neurons against rotenone. This effect was not nAChR receptor-dependent. Moreover, the alkaloid at a concentration of 5 µM caused an increase in neurite length, and at a concentration of 500 µM, it caused an increase in neurite count in dopaminergic cells exposed to rotenone. Nicotine alone was not toxic in either cell culture model, while the highest tested concentration of nicotine (500 µM) caused growth inhibition of N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells. Nicotine alone increased the level of glutathione in both cell cultures and also in rotenone-treated neuroblastoma cells. The obtained results may be helpful to explain the potential neuroprotective action of nicotine on neural cell cultures.