bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Features of the choice of the enzyme
Authors: Pakhomova I. G. 
Published: September 2021

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is quite common in clinical practice of doctors of many specialties. Decrease in intraduodenal lipase levels below 5–10% of normal leads to pancreatic steatorrhea, weight loss and a potential decrease in quality of life. These clinical manifestations are more often presented in patients with a primary genesis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, while secondary exocrine insufficiency is more often subclinical, which predetermines its early diagnosis. However, many methods for diagnosing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which have been developed and used in clinical practice in recent years, have low sensitivity or specificity, or are time-consuming and poorly tolerated by patients. The method for determining the level of coprological elastase is not always reliable, especially in patients with chronic diarrhea, which predetermines its implementation in formalized stool, for example, during therapy. It is important to take into account the fact that with moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, the sensitivity and specificity of assessing the level of fecal elastase can weaken by 30%. However, regardless of the receipt of diagnostic data and the cause of the development of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, the goal of therapy is to eliminate the processes of maldigestion and malabsorption, reduce the severity of symptoms of indigestion and prevent their negative consequences. At the same time, it is necessary to include an enzyme preparation in the complex therapy, the choice of which, its dosage and duration of therapy are determined taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the severity of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, in patients with suspected exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to clinical manifestations, it is possible to use empirical enzyme replacement therapy. An example of such an approach for patients with secondary exocrine insufficiency is the appointment of the enzyme preparation containing pancreatin.
Diagnostics of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with constipation
Authors: Kazyulin A. N. , Samsonov A. A. , Kucheryavyy Yu. A. , Cheremushkin S. V. , Gilyuk A. V. 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the review is to acquaint general practitioners, therapists, gastroenterologists with the possibilities of diagnosing functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract associated with constipation, as well as to draw attention to the need for additional examination methods for a comprehensive assessment of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with constipation on pathogenesis.Functional constipation is an urgent problem today due to its prevalence among different age groups, a negative impact on the quality of life, as well as the variability of the clinical forms of diseases associated with this symptom. The modern diagnostic algorithm for chronic constipation consists of several stages, including the identification of signs of the disease, according to the Rome criteria of the IV revision (2016), the identification of symptoms of “red flags” and laboratory and instrumental research. It should be borne in mind that functional constipation is often based on the pathology of the anorectal zone, which is an important factor in the diagnosis and development of further therapeutic strategies. The article provides an overview of modern and promising methods for diagnosing functional disorders of defecation, taking into account functional disorders of the anorectal zone associated with constipation.Functional methods such as anorectal manometry, rectal sensory test and balloon expulsion test are the most studied and obligatory tests for an objective assessment of the sensorimotor function of the anorectal zone. In Russia, these methods are used very little, which requires extensive familiarization of practitioners with the advantages of these techniques. Knowledge and application of the presented examination algorithms will help the clinician to increase the overall diagnostic efficiency and apply the most justified tactics of managing patients with functional pathology of the digestive system associated with constipation.
Viscoelastic properties of the iris in different types of glaucoma
Authors: Voronin G. V. , Sangahawi A. E. , Yartsev V. D. , Surnina Z. V. , Narbut M. N. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The iris is involved in maintaining the ocular hydrodynamic homeostasis as one of the elements of the anterior chamber angle of the eye. From there, the iris is one of the parts of its drainage area. The anterior chamber angle’s structure can predispose to an increase in intraocular pressure and thereby provoke the development of primary angle-closure glaucoma, a disease accompanied by clogging of the drainage area of the eye and, accordingly, an increase in intraocular pressure.Objective. To analyse the viscoelastic properties of the iris in primary angle-closure glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma.Materials and methods. The study material was a fragment of the iris obtained through iridectomy in the course of sinus trabeculectomy, which is considered the treatment for glaucoma surgery. A total of 43 samples (43 patients) were obtained and analysed, with 20 samples obtained from patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (group 1), and 23 samples from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (group 2). A standard ophthalmological examination, which included visometry, autorefractometry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, was carried out. The special examination included static perimetry, gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy or optical coherence tomography of the anterior chamber angle, optical coherence tomography of the disk of optic nerve.Results and discussion. The avascular part of the stroma (designated by us as S) is the most rigid part of the iris, according to the study. It is characterized by the greatest efforts of the viscous dynamic resistance to the indenter (0.4–2.0 gf/мм2 × S), as well as the maximum integral tensile strength (up to 4.9 × 10-2 N). The inner (vascular) part of the stroma has the lowest dynamic viscosity, according to this study.Conclusion. The samples vary enormously both in the biomechanical characteristics and relative thickness of this layer. It was observed that this biomechanically incompetent structure completely collapses and ceases to exist in partial dehydration of the sample.
Drug-induced ischemic stroke
Authors: Ostroumova T. M. , Ostroumova O. D. , Filippova Yu. A. 
Published: September 2021

Stroke is an acute disturbance of the blood supply to the brain, characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological symptoms, which persists for more than 24 hours or leads to the death of the patient in a shorter period of time due to cerebrovascular pathology. In the world and in Russia, stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability. At the same time, ischemic stroke (IS) is more common – about 80% of cases. Many classes of drugs, such as oral contraceptives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and various psychoactive substances, can contribute to the development of drug-induced IS (DI IS). Data upon the frequency of DI IS is limited. In part, this reflects the problem of identifying and confirming the causal relationship between drug prescription and the development of IS. DI IS risk factors include: abuse of caffeine and alcohol, older age, smoking, drug addiction, high doses of drugs containing provoking agents, the simultaneous use of several drugs, the presence of comorbid diseases. Adverse drug reactions develop due to the following pathophysiological mechanisms: cerebral embolism, vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries, vasculitis of the central nervous system, orthostatic hypotension. The management of a patient with a DI IS does not differ significantly from the management of a patient with IS of a different etiology and includes thrombolysis or mechanical thromboextraction (in the absence of contraindications), as well as rational methods of secondary prevention. It is necessary to completely cancel or reduce the dose of the drug, the use of which led to the development of a stroke. DI IS prevention measures include the choice of drugs with the lowest risk of its occurrence and the use of modern scales for assessing the risk of this phenomenon.
Microbial water quality at contrasting recreational areas in a mixed-use watershed in eastern Canada
Authors: Butler Ainslie J. , Pintar Katarina , Thomas Janis L. , Fleury Manon , Kadykalo Stefanie , Ziebell Kim , Nash John , Lapen David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recreational water use is an important source of human enteric illness. Enhanced (episodic) surveillance of natural recreational waters as a supplement to beach monitoring can enrich our understanding of human health risks. From 2011 to 2013, water sampling was undertaken at recreational sites on a watershed in eastern Canada. This study compared the prevalence and associations of human enteric pathogens and fecal indicator organisms. Beach water samples had lower pathogen presence than those along the main river, due to different pollution sources and the hydrological disposition. Pathogen profiles identified from the beach sites suggested a more narrow range of sources, including birds, indicating that wild bird management could help reduce public health risks at these sites. The presence and concentration of indicator organisms did not differ significantly between beaches and the river. However, higher concentrations of generic Escherichia coli were observed when Salmonella and Cryptosporidium were present at beach sites, when Salmonella was present at the river recreational site, and when verotoxigenic E. coli were present among all sites sampled. In this watershed, generic E. coli concentrations were good indicators of potential contamination, pathogen load, and elevated human health risk, supporting their use for routine monitoring where enhanced pathogen testing is not possible.
Removal of Bromocresol Green from aqueous solution by electro-Fenton and electro-Fenton-like processes with different catalysts: laboratory and kinetic model investigation
Authors: Matyszczak Grzegorz , Krzyczkowska Katarzyna , Krawczyk Krzysztof 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study presents the removal of triarylmethane dye Bromocresol Green from aqueous solution by the electro-Fenton process. As catalysts five different cations were used: Fe2+, Ce3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+. They play crucial roles in the whole process because they react with H2O2 producing hydroxyl radicals that are capable of breaking down dye molecules. Based on this, a comparison of catalytic activity of these cations in the electro-Fenton process is made for Bromocresol Green degradation. A simple and universal kinetic model is also applied to study the catalytic activity of investigated catalysts. Due to its multidimensionality it is fitted to experimental data using a genetic algorithm. The procedure of fitting using a genetic algorithm is thoroughly described and demonstrated. The activity of utilized catalysts is compared based on both experimental and model data revealing that for Bromocresol Green removal all alternative catalysts (Ni2+, Co2+, Ce3+, Mn2+) are better than the typical one (Fe2+, 51.83% degradation). The best catalyst is Co2+ with 78.35% degradation efficiency. Moreover, the adopted kinetic model proved its universality and outlined different interactions between catalysts and dye molecules.
Horrific Pasts and Mundane Presents: Living among the Jewish Ghosts of Warsaw and Lublin
Authors: Chamberland Laura , Tesler-Mabé Hernan 
Published: September 2021

This article represents a consideration of the way in which the Jewish past in two key areas of Poland is obfuscated by the historical processes that led to the creation and re-creation of the urban space. Focussing on the district of Muranow in Warsaw and the Majdanek site in Lublin, the authors argue that the juxtaposition of the horrific past and a more mundane present create a destabilizing disjunction – what Suzanne Knittel calls the “historical uncanny” – that unsettles and stands in the way of a Polish reconciliation with its Jewish past.
Cognitive Impairment and Mossy Fiber Sprouting in a Rat Model of Drug-resistant Epilepsy Induced by Lithium-pilocarpine
Authors: Wu Jing , Wang Likun , Huang Yuanxin , Wu Qian , Luo Xingmei , Li Yinghui , Ren Siying , Wu Guofeng 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in the dentate gyrus is a common pathological
change of epilepsy. Previous studies suggested that it is associated with drug-resistant
epilepsy, and mossy cells control spontaneous seizures and spatial memory.

Methods:
We investigated the correlations among cognitive impairment, MFS, seizure frequency
and drug resistance in a rat model of epilepsy induced by lithium–pilocarpine. Phenytoin and
phenobarbital were used to screen drug resistance. Cognitive function and MFS were detected
through the novel object recognition (NOR) test, Morris water maze (MWM) test and Timm staining.

Results:
The results showed that object memory and spatial memory functions were both significantly
impaired in rats with epilepsy, and only spatial memory impairment was more severe in rats
with drug-resistant epilepsy. More frequent spontaneous seizures and more obvious MFS were observed
in the drug-resistant rats. The seizure frequency was significantly associated with the MWM
performance but not with the NOR performance in rats with epilepsy. The degree of MFS was significantly
associated with seizure frequency and spatial memory function.

Conclusion:
Taken together, these correlations among drug resistance, seizure frequency, spatial
memory impairment and MFS suggested the possibility of a common pathological mechanism.
More studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism behind these correlations and the detailed
role of MFS in epilepsy.
The mechanism of mossy cell change may be an important target for the treatment of seizures,
drug resistance and cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy.
Selenocyclization by Formation of Carbon-nitrogen Bonds
Authors: Šmit Biljana , Stanić Petar B. , Janković Nenad 
Published: September 2021

:Selenium promoted-cyclization of unsaturated substrates containing internal nitrogen nucleophiles, such as different amines and amides, including the examples of its application in the synthesis of more complex polycyclic compounds is reviewed. Selenocyclization reactions of some more specific polyfunctional substrates, like Biginelli hybrids and hydantoins, are also covered.
Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Co-morbidity
Authors: Svetlana Degtyareva , Vinokurova Olga , Zimina Vera 
Published: September 2021

:
Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) association poses the re-emerging
problem nowadays and challenge on the way towards a tuberculosis-free world. There are some peculiarities
in the immune function of DM patients, which make them more susceptible to infections,
including TB. This results in a higher prevalence of TB among DM patients (OR=1.15 according
to the last meta-analysis). Clinical manifestations of DM/TB often differ from the classical
course of the disease - these patients are more frequently symptomatic, more inclined to cavitary
disease and, according to some data, to lower lobe involvement. Data on multi-drug resistance prevalence
among DM/TB patients are controversial and need further research, especially in terms of
primary resistance. Higher frequency of adverse reactions, slower sputum conversion and foci regression
make treatment in this population more difficult and worsen outcomes. Potential measures
to lower the burden of co-morbidity are: new treatment regimens, bi-directional screening, proper
DM managing and controlling, testing for latent tuberculosis infection and its treatment, and new
vaccines development. Feasibility and efficacy of these measures are to be investigated in the context
of settings with different DM and TB prevalence and available resources.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Heart Failure with Preserved
Ejection Fraction - implications for Chronic Inflammatory Mechanisms
Authors: Fopiano Katie Anne , Jalnapurkar Sawan , Davila Alec C. , Arora Vishal , Bagi Zsolt 
Published: September 2021

:
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is now considered one of the key underlying
pathologies responsible for the development of both acute and chronic cardiac complications. It
has been long recognized that CMD contributes to coronary no-reflow, which occurs as an acute
complication during percutaneous coronary interventions. More recently, CMD was proposed to
play a mechanistic role in the development of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in heart failure
with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Emerging evidence indicates that a chronic low-grade
pro-inflammatory activation predisposes patients to both acute and chronic cardiovascular complications
raising the possibility that pro-inflammatory mediators serve as a mechanistic link in HFpEF.
Few recent studies have evaluated the role of the hyaluronan-CD44 axis in inflammation-related
cardiovascular pathologies, thus warranting further investigations. This review article summarizes
current evidence for the role of CMD in the development of HFpEF, focusing on molecular
mediators of chronic proinflammatory as well as oxidative stress mechanisms and possible therapeutic
approaches to consider for treatment and prevention.
Evaluasi Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih Zona Rumah Pompa Krembangan Kota Surabaya
Authors: Budiman Farhan Putra , Haribowo Riyanto , Ismoyo Janu 
Published: September 2021

The clean water distribution system for the Krembangan Pump House has a fairly large drainage area. This study aims to determine the existing conditions and conditions of network development in terms of water availability and demand, hydraulic conditions and water quality, and conditions of fire extinguishing wells in the network with a simulation of the WaterCad v8i. From the analysis result, the existing condition's network condition shows a deficit between water demand and availability of 149 l/s. Hydraulic conditions during peak hours of use, parameters 100% pressure, speed, and headloss gradient 74.1% do not become eligible. Residual chlorine does not qualify. The condition of the network development was improved by adding pipes to be parallel and adding one pump. The development conditions were simulated with three different conditions: reducing the water demand standard, rotating the water flow, and reducing the service area. The simulation results, the average pressure is between 0.8-10 atm. velocity 0.3-6 m/s, and a headloss gradient of 0-15 m/km. The sumur pemadam kebakaran (SPMK) simulation showed that the water did not fill the average well again at 09.00 - 16.00.Sistem distribusi air bersih zona Rumah Pompa Krembangan memiliki daerah pengaliran yang cukup luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting dan kondisi pengembangan jaringan dari sisi ketersedian serta kebutuhan air, kondisi hidraulik serta kualitas air, dan kondisi sumur pemadam kebakaran pada jaringan dengan simulasi program WaterCadv8i. Kondisi jaringan pada kondisi eksisting terdapat defisit antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air sebesar 149 l/s. Kondisi hidraulik saat jam pemakaian puncak, parameter tekanan 100%, kecepatan, dan headloss gradient 74,1% tidak memenuhi syarat. Kualitas air masih belum terpenuhi syarat sisa klorin pada jaringan. Kondisi pengembangan jaringan diperbaiki dengan merubah 50 pipa menjadi paralel dan menambah satu buah pompa. Kondisi pengembangan dilakukan simulasi dengan tiga kondisi yaitu mengurangi standar kebutuhan air, melakukan penggiliran pengaliran air, dan mengurangi daerah pelayanan. Hasil simulasi, rata-rata tekanan berada diantara 0,8-10 atm. kecepatan 0,3-6 m/s, dan headloss gradient 0-15 m/km. SPMK, dilakukan simulasi,Â hasilnya menunjukan rata-rata sumur tidak terisi penuh kembali pada pukul 09.00 - 16.00.
Upaya Pengendalian Genangan Berbasis Konservasi di Kecamatan Blimbing Kota Malang
Authors: Furqani Fahma , Andawayanti Ussy , Ismoyo M. Janu 
Published: September 2021

A puddle is a condition where the water stops flowing in a certain area that is not a water body. In theory, a boezem building in Blimbing Village can help control the inundation and soak it into the ground. However, until now, there are still cases of inundation in Blimbing District. Therefore, this study aims to determine the existing conditions of drainage and boezem, and plan alternative buildings that can help the performance of boezem as a conservation-based inundation controller. From the analysis, the existing drainage and boezem cannot fully accommodate the design discharge. The inability of the existing boezem to accommodate all the total design flows leaves an inundation of 2,076 m3/s with a 2-year return period and 2,551 m3/s with a 5-year return period. Two conservation-based alternatives are offered to control the inundation. Based on technical and economic analysis, a 595-unit infiltration well was chosen in the boezem catchment area with total flood reduction of 22% and Rp's total fund. 3,276,869,973.16.Genangan merupakan kondisi dimana air berhenti mengalir pada suatu area tertentu yang bukan merupakan badan air. Adanyan bangunan boezem di Kelurahan Blimbing secara teori dapat membantu mengendalikan genangan dan meresapkannya ke dalam tanah, namun sampai saat ini masih terjadi kasus-kasus genangan di Kecamatan Blimbing. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Â mengetahui kondisi eksisting drainase dan boezem serta merencanakan alternatif bangunan yang dapat membantu kinerja boezem sebagai pengendali genangan berbasis konservasi. Dari hasil analisa, drainase dan boezem eksisting tidak dapat sepenuhnya menampung debit rancangan. Ketidakmampuan boezem eksisting dalam menampung seluruh debit rancangan total menyisakan genangan sebesar 2.076 m3/dt dengan kala ulang 2 tahun dan 2.551 m3/dt dengan kala ulang 5 tahun. Untuk mengendalikan genangan tersebut ditawarkan dua alternatif berbasis konservasi. Berdasarkan analisa teknis dan ekonimis dipilihlah pembangunan 595-unit sumur resapan pada catchment area boezem yang dapat mereduksi 22% debit genangan dengan total dana sebesar Rp. 3,276,869,973.16.
Studi Analisa Kekeringan dengan Metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dan Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) di DAS Kemuning Kabupaten Sampang
Authors: Firdaus Alfian , Harisuseno Donny , Suhartanto Ery 
Published: September 2021

Drought is a natural disaster that occurs slowly but harms Sampang Regency people's life sustainability. Consider the negative impact of drought,Â analyze the drought index and its distribution are necessary. This study aims to know drought level using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), then to know their correlation with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) that can represent El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Drought index with bigger correlation mapped by Inverse Distance Weighting method to know the distribution. SPI method produced the most severe drought in April 2004 on one month deficit period (-3.651). PDSI method developed the most severe drought in September 2001 (-20.628). Based on the PDSI average analysis results for the 1998-2017 period, it is well-known that drought disasters generally start in July and end in October, while the peak of drought occurs in September. The PDSI method has 60% conformity to the SOI value derived from the graphical visualization of the annual average surplus and deficit index, better than the SPI method that only scores 53%. The visualization of the drought distribution map shows that the Districts of Sampang, Torjun, and Camplong need to become prioritized to mitigate future drought disasters because they have a great potential for drought disasters compared to other districts.