bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ETIK 3.0: Blindheder og visioner i tænkningen
Authors: Hirslund Dan V. 
Published: September 2021

Dan V. Hirslund: Ethics 3.0. Blindness and Visions of Anthropological
Knowledge
This article formulates a notion of ethics based on the interests that our concepts
represent. It identifies a distinction between two dominant understandings of ethics
in (Danish) anthropology. Ethics 1.0 creates the fundament for the construction
of anthropological knowledge in the dialectical and inductive meeting between
fieldworker and informant. Ethics 2.0 seeks to protect “the field” against the anthropological
intervention, and it teaches us to “take care” of our fields. Adding to these, the article presents the idea of Ethic 3.0. The aim of this ethic is to explore
how the theoretical and methodological construction of research fields is embedded
in political and economic interests outside of academic institutions. Based
on an ethic deconstruction of my own PhD project and its indirect alliance with a
political fear of radicalization, the article seeks to craft a critical but constructive
opening for the continued relevance of anthropological knowledge.
Keywords: ethics, anthropology, radicalisation, concepts, fields of interest,
visionary theory

Dan V. Hirslund: Etik 3.0. Blindheder og visioner i tænkningen
Denne artikel formulerer et etikbegreb baseret på de interesser, vores begrebsapparat
repræsenterer. Artiklen identificerer en adskillelse mellem to dominerende
etikforståelser i antropologien. Etik 1.0 rammesætter grundlaget for konstruktionen
af antropologisk viden i det dialektiske og induktive møde mellem feltarbejder
og informant. Etik 2.0 søger at beskytte „felten“ mod antropologens intervention
og lærer os at „passe på“ vores felter. I tillæ hertil formulerer artiklen ideen
om Etik 3.0. Denne etik har til formå at undersøe, hvordan den teoretiske og
metodiske konstruktion af forskningsfelter er indlejret i politiske og øonomiske
interesser, der ræker langt ud over universiteternes mure. Med afsæ i en etisk
dekonstruktion af mit eget ph.d.-projekt og dets indirekte alliance med en politisk
bekymring for radikalisering søer artiklen at bane en kritisk, men konstruktiv
åning for den fortsatte relevans af antropologisk viden.
Søgeord: etik, antropologi, radikalisering, begrebsøkonomi, interessefelter, viden
som utopi
A feminist Critique to digital consent
Authors: Carmi Elinor 
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a feminist critique to digital consent and argues that the current system is flawed. The online surveillance adtech industry that funds the web had to use a mechanism that commodifies people, rendering their behaviors into data - products that can be sold and traded for the highest bidder. This was made possible by objectifying, dehumanizing and decontextualizing human engagement and identity into measurable and quantifiable data units. In this way, digital consent serves as an authorizing and legalizing instrument to the business model of spying, selling and trading people in the online ecosystem. Using four key feminist approaches - process, embodiment, network and context - this article shows the way digital consent is a mechanism that transfers responsibility to people and enables an exploitative-extractivist market to exist. The design of digital consent creates a specific interface that teaches people to behave in ways that preserve the asymmetric power relations. Consequently, the article shows the broader educational effects of digital consent which conceives people as products with narrow agency and understanding of what they can do, think and imagine. The article concludes with a refusal to provide an easy solution to a flawed system.
Proximate Composition, Mineral and Sensory Properties of Orange-Flesh Sweet Potato Starch, Soybean and Groundnut Flour Complementary Food
Authors: Obinna-Echem P. C. , Eke-Ejiofor J. , Vito M. B. , Wordu G. O. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study was aimed at formulating and evaluating the proximate, mineral and sensory properties of complementary food from blends of orange flesh sweet potato (Ipomea batata) starch, soybean (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) flour.
Methodology: Orange flesh sweet potato starch (OFSP), soybean flour (SB) and groundnut flour (GN) were blended in the ratio of (OFSP:SB:GN): 90:5:5, 85:10:5, 80:15:5, 75:20:5, 70:25:5, 65:30:5, 60:35:5, 55:40:5, 50:45:5 and designated as PSG1 – PSG9, while 100% OFSP served as control. Evaluations were carried out following standard analytical methods.
Results: Moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents varied significantly (P<0.05) from 7.53 – 10.74, 1.33 -17.22, 1.20 – 1.94, 4.34 – 19.58 and 53.10 – 70.53% respectively. Protein content (7.62 – 21.91%) of the blends will meet >75% of safe level of protein intake for infants and children. Energy ranged from 339.45 – 373.07 Kcal/100g and will meet >55% of energy requirement for infants at 6 months. Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn varied respectively, from 0.68 - 6.07, 0.28 - 0.62, 4.40 - 11.94, 1.87 - 2.04, and 1.26 – 2.10 mg/100g. PSG complementary food in comparison to the recommended intake of minerals was found to be excellent in Cu, adequate in Fe and Zn but low in Mg and inadequate in Ca. Degrees of likeness for the sensory attributes: aroma, appearance, colour, taste, texture and overall acceptability varied from 5.00 - 7.00, 3.80 - 7.56, 5.04 - 7.20, 3.84 - 7.33, 3.88 - 7.56 and 4.29 - 6.96 respectively. These degrees of likeness from 3.84 - 7.56 indicated dislike moderately to like moderately. PSG7and PSG8 had significantly (P<0.05) the highest degrees of likeness for all attributes except for texture in PSG7 with neither liked nor disliked.
Conclusion: This work showed that enriching orange flesh sweet potato starch by substituting with soya bean and groundnut, increased nutritional composition of the complementary food and addition of soybean flour up to 35 and 40% was acceptable to the assessors. This implies that this complementary food can be recommended as diet for newly weaned and older children.
Effect of Google Meet E-learning Technology on Building Students Knowledge
Authors: U. Obinna-Akakuru, Annabel , N. Ordua, Victor , C. Akakuru, Ojiugo , Ezinne Nelson-Okata, 
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the effect of Google meet e-learning technology on building students’ knowledge in Economics in the face of COVID-19 pandemic in Imo State. Two purposes, two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a quasi-experiment pre-test, post-test, control group design, involving two groups with analysis of covariance as post-hoc control. The population of the study consisted the entire year two students in Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri in Imo State, which are 2,063. The sample consisted of 80 Economics students, drawn from the population. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the 40 students in each class and assigned the classes to experimental and control groups. Google Meet E-learning technology Instructional Package (GMET-IP) and the Economics Achievement Test (EAT) were used as the instrument for data collection, while mean rating, standard deviation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. The content and face validities of the instruments were established by two (2) experts in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, two (2) lecturers teaching Economics, who after due corrections, fine-tuned them and certified them fit for administration. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients method was used to determine the reliability of the results obtained with the instrument; and to establish its construct validity that is inter correlations among items which yielded a reliability coefficient value of 0.78. Findings from the study indicated that Video Modules E-learning approach method had effect on the academic achievement of students in Basic Sciences. The treatments have more positive impact on the female students than male students, showing an interaction occurred between the gender. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations made from the findings of the study which includes that there is need for the incorporation of this e-learning approach into the teaching and learning of Economics in tertiary institutions in Imo State.
Population Structure, Growth Dynamics, Leaf Production and Soil Conditions of Megaphrynium macrostachyum, a Key Non-Wood Forest Product in Central Africa
Authors: Moupela Christian , Beyeme Antoine Mitte Mbeang , Ognalaga Maurice , Rendembwot Mackson Theenneez Makaya , Tagg Nikki , Lepengue Alexis Nicaise 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Megaphrynium macrostachyum is a key non-wood forest product (NWFP) in Central Africa. This study aims to describe the soil characteristics and behaviour of the species Megaphrynium macrostachyum in a fallow land in southeastern Gabon.
Methodology: Leaf growth was monitored weekly on a sample of 60 leaves for 10 weeks, after the unrolling of horns. Population structure and leaf production were quantified on 64 m² plots and then extrapolated to the hectare. Soil samples were collected at 30 cm depth.
Results: Leaf growth and stem enlargement were observed to take place during the horn stage, while stem elongation became active after this stage. The stem reached its maximum height about 60 days after the leaf had fully unrolled. Within the same population, leaf length and leaf width were less heterogeneous (on average 55.6 ± 5.9 cm and 35.5 ± 4.5 cm, respectively); whereas leaf area, stem diameter and stem height were quite heterogeneous (on average 1475 ± 328.3 cm², 9 ± 2.2 mm and 154 ± 33.3 cm, respectively). Megaphrynium macrostachyum was observed to colonise its environment quite well (148,646 ± 66,623 stems per hectare), thus explaining its high leaf production (104,167 ± 45,271 usable leaves per hectare). The soil sample analysed revealed Megaphrynium macrostachyum to grow in sandy-silty or sandy-silty-clay soils (58.21% sand, 25.69% silt and 16.1% clay), and in soils that are wet (35% relative humidity), acidic (pH 4.01), low in phosphorus (9.38 ppm assimilable phosphorus) and total nitrogen (0.01% total nitrogen), and high in organic matter (19.3% organic matter).
Conclusion: The leaf area exploited by local populations is variable. Megaphrynium macrostachyum is less demanding on soil characteristics, with high leaf production. From a cultivation perspective, the horn stage would be decisive.
Exploration of Culturable Marine Streptomyces from Southern Coastal Region of India with Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Thandayuthapani Deepika , Chinnappa Nivetha , Annavi Arjunan , Manickam Muthusevam 
Published: September 2021

The Southern coastal region is a geographically positioned area with rich source of microbial diversity, of which producing broad spectrum of bioactive compounds. The marine sediments are collected from the various sites of south east coastal region of Tamil nadu and are processed. Out of 78 isolates, the 4 strains of actinomycetes are showing broad spectrum activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 1687), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 3160), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 3231), Shigella dysenteriae (MTCC 3642) and Vibrio cholerae (MTCC 3906). The bioactive isolates are proceeded for further morphological features like growth pattern and mycelial coloration, biochemical and polyphasic taxonomical characterisation were documented. Isolates are investigated for abiotic stress condition to study the growth rate of isolates. Finally, the 16S rRNA molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of the isolates were explored. Further, bioactive isolates may be potential source for discovery of molecules with industrial applications.
The Risk Factors for Complications After Crohn's Disease Surgery
Authors: Ozgur Ilker , Karip Bora , Kulle Cemil Burak , Cavus Bilger , Sonmez Recep Ercin , Aykuz Filiz , Poyanli Arzu , Balik Emre , Bulut Mehmet Turker , Keskin Metin 
Published: September 2021

Background
Crohn's disease needs a multidisciplinary approach, and surgery will ultimately be necessary for most patients. Complications usually occur after surgery.

Objective
This study aims to present complication rates in surgically treated Crohn's disease patients at a single institution and to determine possible risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 112 consecutive surgery performed on Crohn's disease patients between 2003 and 2015. The demographic data, patient and disease characteristics, surgery type, and complications were analyzed.

Results
Of 112 patients, 64 (57.1%) were male and 48 (42.9%) were female. The mean age was 34 (range, 18–78) years. The mean follow-up was 114 ± 32.4 (range, 61–197) months. The most common early complications were intra-abdominal abscess formation (n = 10, 8.9%) and wound infection (n = 7, 6.26%). The incisional hernia was the most common late complication (n = 4, 3.6%). Nonmodifiable disease features associated with complications were colonic involvement of the disease (P = 0.001), penetrating disease character (P = 0.037), stoma formation (P = 0.000), fistula (P = 0.008), and concomitant fistula and intra-abdominal abscess existence (P = 0.043). Stoma formation was found to be an independent risk factor for complications (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Colonic involvement, penetrating disease, fistula, concomitant abscess and fistula, and stoma formation were identified as nonmodifiable risk factors for complications after surgery for Crohn's disease.
Salad Days: Urban Food Futures
Authors: Lloyd Scott , Kalagas Alexis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFood production has never been entirely absent from our cities. While the coronavirus pandemic has imposed and inspired new forms of localism in urban environments, a confluence of technological, societal and ecological forces was already driving a shift towards more distributed and circular food systems. Scott Lloyd, architect and director of the design research group TEN, and Alexis Kalagas, strategic designer and leader of an advanced architecture research unit at Monash University in Melbourne, navigate and speculate on these intersecting dynamics in relation to nascent models of urban food production.
Architecture for Plateaus and Valleys: The Marketability of Industrial Mixing
Authors: Kuma Kengo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTokyo‐based international practice Kengo Kuma & Associates has in recent years been commissioned for two projects that mix the uses of café/roastery/shop on the one hand and printworks/museum on the other. Kengo Kuma tells the story of how these innovative projects have evolved – a mixture of cultural and social drift, planning zoning in the city of Tokyo and the architectural joy of combining functionally disparate building typologies.
Urban Production in Seoul's Historic Centre: Choonwondang Hospital of Korean Medicine
Authors: Hwang Doojin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mixing of uses in a single building or collection of buildings can function as an urban catalyst, activating regenerations to the city fabric around it. Doojin Hwang Architects’ Choonwondang Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, is a good example. The hospital accommodates a medical centre, museum of traditional Korean medicine and pharmaceutical herbal laboratory with back‐of‐house functions clearly visible to visitors. Doojin Hwang takes us through it.
Bioinspired Functionally Graded Composite Assembled Using Cellulose Nanocrystals and Genetically Engineered Proteins with Controlled Biomineralization
Authors: Mohammadi Pezhman , Gandier Julie‐Anne , Nonappa  , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Miserez Ali , Penttilä Merja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNature provides unique insights into design strategies evolved by living organisms to construct robust materials with a combination of mechanical properties that are challenging to replicate synthetically. Hereby, inspired by the impact‐resistant dactyl club of the stomatopod, a mineralized biocomposite is rationally designed and produced in the complex shapes of dental implant crowns exhibiting high strength, stiffness, and fracture toughness. This material consists of an expanded helicoidal organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) mixed with genetically engineered proteins that regulate both binding to CNCs and in situ growth of reinforcing apatite crystals. Critically, the structural properties emerge from controlled self‐assembly across multiple length scales regulated by rational engineering and phase separation of the protein components. This work replicates multiscale biomanufacturing of a model biological material and also offers an innovative platform to synthesize multifunctional biocomposites whose properties can be finely regulated by colloidal self‐assembly and engineering of its constitutive protein building blocks.
Fabrication of Diamond Nanoneedle Arrays Containing High‐Brightness Silicon‐Vacancy Centers
Authors: Lu Jiaqi , Yang Bing , Yu Biao , Li Haining , Huang Nan , Liu Lusheng , Jiang Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe optically active silicon‐vacancy (SiV) center in diamonds is an excellent candidate for quantum photonics and sensing applications. To date, optimizing the photoluminescence (PL) collection efficiency of SiV centers has proven difficult. To address this issue, the current study presents a simple two‐step method for preparing single‐crystalline diamond nanoneedle arrays. In the first step, silicon‐doped (001) textured diamond films are deposited with a mixture of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline grains in a microwave plasma CVD (MPCVD) system, using tetramethylsilane (TMS) gas as the dopant source. Subsequently, air annealing is used to selectively etch nanocrystalline diamond and sp2 amorphous carbon phases, while retaining the [001]‐oriented diamond nanoneedles with a curved top surface. In comparison to the as‐deposited films, the PL emission of SiV centers in these diamond nanoneedles is enhanced by a factor of up to 12.1. The finite‐difference time‐domain simulations further demonstrate that removing the nanocrystalline diamond and sp2 carbon from the sidewall of the diamond nanoneedles results in a remarkable increase in photoluminescence collection. Therefore, the findings have established for the first time the constraint effect of sp2 carbon on the optical collection of color centers at the sidewall rather than the top surface.
Solid‐state emissive biphenylene bridged bisaroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals as distinct aggregation‐induced enhanced emitters and fluorometric probes
Authors: Biesen Lukas , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiphenylene bridged bisaroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals can be readily synthesized by a one‐pot Masuda borylation‐Suzuki arylation sequence, thus, yielding a library of 20 bisaroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals with tunable solid‐state emission and aggregation‐induced enhanced emission characteristics depending on the para substituents in the starting material. Potential applications as fluorometric probe of alcoholic beverages are outlined.
Polymeric materials reinforced by noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains
Authors: Liu Xiaokong , Sun Junqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMechanical performances are among the most fundamental properties that dictate the applicability and durability of polymeric materials. Reinforcement of polymeric materials is eternally pursued to broaden the applications of polymers with light‐weight, low‐cost and easy‐processing advantages. Noncovalent aggregates of biomacromolecules have been found to play a significant role in the mechanical properties of many natural materials, such as the spider silk. Increasing numbers of reports have demonstrated that the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains in polymeric systems are highly effective for enhancing the mechanical properties of artificial polymeric materials, in terms of strength, stiffness, toughness, and/or elasticity. The in situ formed noncovalent aggregates act as additional crosslinking domains and well‐dispersed “hard” nanofillers in the polymer networks, significantly strengthening, stiffening and/or toughening the polymeric materials. Moreover, the noncovalent crosslinking of polymer chains favors the development of healable and recyclable polymeric materials, thanks to the reversible and dynamic properties of noncovalent bonds. This review provides an overview of the recent advances on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of different polymeric materials by the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains. It is expected to arouse inspirations for the development of novel polymeric materials with extraordinary mechanical performances and functionalities.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Composites with Ordered Macropores and Hollow Walls
Authors: Yao Wen , Chen Jianmin , Wang Yajing , Fang Ruiqi , Qin Ze , Yang Xianfeng , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks provide versatile templates for the fabrication of various metal/carbon materials, but most of the derived composites possess only microspores, limiting the accessibility of embedded active sites. Herein, we report the construction of cobalt/nitrogen‐doped carbon composites with a three‐dimensional (3D) ordered macroporous and hollow‐wall structure (H‐3DOM‐Co/NC) using a single‐crystal ordered macropore (SOM)‐ZIF‐8@ZIF‐67 as precursor. During the pyrolysis, the interconnected macroporous structure of SOM‐ZIF‐8@ZIF‐67 is mostly preserved, whereas the pore wall achieves a solid‐to‐hollow transformation with Co nanoparticles formed in the hollow walls. The 3D‐ordered macroporous carbon skeleton may effectively promote long‐range mass transfer and the hollow wall can facilitate local accessibility of active sites. This unique structure can greatly boost its catalytic activity in the selective hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furfural to cyclopentanol, much superior to its counterparts without this well‐designed hierarchically porous structure.
Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Coupling of Aliphatic N‐hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluoroaryl Nucleophiles
Authors: Yi Xiangli , Mao Runze , Lavrencic Lara , Hu Xile 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyfluoroarenes are an important class of compounds in medical and material chemistry. The synthesis of alkylated polyfluoroarenes remains challenging. Here we describe a decarboxylative coupling reaction of N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids with polyfluoroaryl zinc reagents (Zn‐ArF) via synergetic photoredox and copper catalysis. This method readily converts primary and secondary alkyl carboxylic acids into the corresponding polyfluoroaryl compounds, which could have a wide range of F‐content (2F‐5F) and variable F‐substitution patterns on the aryl groups. Broad scope and good functional group compatibility were achieved, including on substrates derived from natural products and pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic study revealed that a [Cu‐(ArF)2] species could be responsible for the transfer of polyfluoroaryl groups to the alkyl radicals.