bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A philosophical analysis of anti‐intellectualism in nursing: Newman’s view of a university education
Authors: Racine Louise , Vandenberg Helen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCanadian and international nursing educators are increasingly concerned with the quality of university nursing education. Contemporary nursing education is fraught by a growing anti‐intellectualism coupled with the dominance of neoliberalism and corporate university business culture. Amid these challenges, nursing schools must prepare nurses to provide care in an era compounded by social and health inequities. The purpose of this paper was to explore the philosophical and contextual factors influencing anti‐intellectualism in nursing education. We use John Henry Newman's view of the purpose of a university education as a heuristic perspective to examine anti‐intellectualism in nursing. We contend that the ideological worship of technological advances, a culture of consumerism, quality improvement and risk management, the primacy of doing over thinking, competency‐based curricula and business models rooted in neoliberal financial policies reinforce anti‐intellectualism in nursing. Anti‐intellectualism is a complex issue to address within the corporate university culture. We propose multiple strategies at the disciplinary, university and sociopolitical levels to decrease anti‐intellectualism. Counteracting anti‐intellectualism requires critical thinking, praxis and emancipation. Nurses should critically examine this anti‐intellectual trend as it limits the advancement of the discipline and marginalizes its contributions within the academy. If nurses do not address this challenge, the survival of nursing as an academic discipline may be jeopardized.
Harnessing the power to bridge different worlds: An introduction to posthumanism as a philosophical perspective for the discipline
Authors: Adam Simon , Juergensen Linda , Mallette Claire 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough it is argued that social justice is a core concern for the discipline, nursing has not generally played a leadership role in the responses to many of the greatest social problems of our time. These include the accelerated rate of climate change, pandemic threats, systemic racism, growing health and social inequities, and the regulation of new technologies to ensure an equitable future ‘for all.’ In nursing codes of ethics, administration, education, policies, and practice, social justice is often claimed to be a core value, yet it is rarely contextualized by philosophical or theoretical underpinnings. It appears that nurses’ commitment to social justice may stem more from a penchant for ‘doing good’ than an attempt to explore, understand, and enact what is meant by social justice from an ontological, epistemological, and methodological perspective. We contend that the dominance of a human science perspective in nursing contributes to a narrow definition of health and relegates many issues central to social justice to the margins of nurses’ care. In this article, we explore how the focus on ‘the human’ in the human science perspective may not only be limiting the capacity of nurses to develop strategies to adequately address social injustice, but in some instances, direct nurses to contribute to their very reproduction. We suggest that a critical interrogation of this human‐centric hegemony can identify avenues of rupture and introduce posthumanism as an additional philosophical perspective for consideration to help bridge the human‐social divide.
Family socioeconomic status and Chinese high school students’ test anxiety: Serial mediating role of parental psychological control, learning resources, and student academic self‐efficacy
Authors: Xu Xiaobo , Xia Mengya , Pang Weiguo 
Published: June 2021

It is widely documented that students with lower family socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have higher test anxiety than their peers from higher SES families. However, few studies have empirically examined the underlying mechanism whereby family SES shapes students’ test anxiety. To bridge this gap, the present study proposed and tested a serial mediation model in which family SES is associated with students’ test anxiety through the indirect effect of parental psychological control, access to learning resources, and academic self‐efficacy. The sample comprised 354 Chinese high school students (134 boys; mean age = 16.15 years old). The results were as follows: (1) higher family SES was associated with increased access to learning resources, higher academic self‐efficacy, lower parental psychological control, and lower test anxiety. In contrast, test anxiety was associated with decreased access to learning resources, lower academic self‐efficacy, and higher parental psychological control; and (2) the mediation model indicated parental psychological control, learning resources, and academic self‐efficacy functioned as serial mediators in the relationship between family SES and students’ test anxiety (i.e., family SES → psychological control and learning resources → academic self‐efficacy → test anxiety). The findings are discussed in the framework of the family stress/investment models and social cognitive theory. Concrete suggestions for how low SES parents can help decrease their children’s test anxiety are provided.
COVID‐19 lockdown distress, but not the infection concerns, shape psychological functioning during the pandemic: The mediating role of basic psychological needs
Authors: Avsec Andreja , Zager Kocjan Gaja , Kavčič Tina 
Published: June 2021

This study examined the effect of COVID‐19 lockdown and infection concerns on positive and negative aspects of psychological functioning during the first weeks of the new coronavirus pandemic, and the mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. Slovene adults (N = 425; 79% female) filled in questionnaires measuring COVID‐19‐related stressors, satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, well‐being, and ill‐being. Results of the path analysis with Bootstrap estimation procedure revealed that the perceived severity of the COVID‐19 lockdown circumstances predicted diminished psychological functioning of participants both directly and via decreased needs satisfaction and increased needs frustration. Conversely, the infection concerns had a much weaker and direct only effect on the increased ill‐being, but no effect on well‐being. These findings indicate that lockdown circumstances, but not the possibility of COVID‐19 infection, predominantly shape individuals’ ability to satisfy their basic needs and subsequently their psychological functioning during the pandemic. The study suggests that public health responses should address not only risk of infection but also people’s psychological needs.
Multistate analysis of multitype recurrent event and failure time data with event feedbacks in biomarkers
Authors: Ma Chuoxin , Pan Jianxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we propose a class of multistate models for the analysis of multitype recurrent event and failure time data when there are past event feedbacks in longitudinal biomarkers. It can well incorporate various effects, including time‐dependent and time‐independent effects, of different event paths or the number of occurrences of events of different types. Asymptotic unbiased estimating equations based on polynomial splines approximation are developed. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are provided. Simulation studies show that the naive estimators which either ignore the past event feedback or the measurement errors are biased. Our method has a better coverage probability of the time‐varying/constant coefficients, compared to the naive methods. An application to the dataset from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, which is also the motivating example to develop the method, is presented.
Early post‐liver transplantation infections and their effect on long‐term survival
Authors: Leibovici‐Weissman Yaara , Anchel Noa , Nesher Eviatar , Leshno Moshe , Shlomai Amir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfections post‐liver transplantation are major drivers for morbidity and mortality. However, the impact of infections within 180 days post‐liver transplantation on long‐term survival is not clear.MethodsWe present a retrospective cohort of 317 liver transplant patients for whom all infectious episodes were prospectively collected during a mean follow‐up of 4.4 years.ResultsA total of 143/317 (45%) of patients suffered from any infectious episode during the first 6 months following liver transplantation. Patients with surgical site infections have a reduced survival compared to those with no infection (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.172‐0.636, P = .001), whereas infections from other sources, including pneumonia, UTI, and line‐related infections, were not associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, even though the presence of any infection within 30 days or 6 months post‐transplantation did not affect survival, more than a single infectious episode per patient was significantly associated with increased mortality (HR 1.70, CI 1.12‐2.60, P = .013). In a multivariate analysis, the number of infectious episodes remained statistically significant (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03‐2.43, P = .035) upon adjustment for other major variables associated with comorbidities and infection risk.ConclusionsSurgical site infections and the number of infectious episodes within 180 days post‐liver transplantation are major determinants of long‐term survival among these patients.
Early packed red blood cell transfusion in major trauma patients: Evaluation and comparison of different prediction scores for massive transfusion
Authors: Cassignol Arnaud , Bertein Pauline , Botti Paul , Renard Aurélien , Cotte Jean , Bordes Julien 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOur study sought to evaluate and compare different prediction scores for massive transfusion in‐hospital packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2013 and December 2018, 1843 trauma patients were enrolled in the registry of a level‐1 trauma centre. All prehospital and in‐hospital variables needed to calculate the Shock Index and RED FLAG, Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) and Trauma Associated Severe Hemorrhage (TASH) scores were prospectively collected in the registry. The primary endpoint was the initiation of transfusion within the first hour of the patient's arrival at the hospital.ResultsA total of 1767 patients were included for analysis with a mean age of 43 years (±19) and a mean Injury Severity Score of 15 (±14). The in‐hospital TASH score had the highest predictive performance overall (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.925, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.904–0.946]), while the RED FLAG score (AUC = 0.881, 95% CI [0.854–0.908]) had the greatest prehospital predictive performance compared to the ABC score (AUC = 0.798, 95% CI [0.759–0.837]) and Shock Index (AUC = 0.795, 95% CI [0.752–0.837]). Using their standard thresholds, the RED FLAG score was the most efficient in predicting early transfusion (sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 76%, positive predictive value: 25%, negative predictive value: 99%, Youden index: 0.63).ConclusionThe RED FLAG score appears to outperform both the ABC score and the Shock Index in predicting early in‐hospital transfusion in trauma patients managed by pre‐hospital teams. If adopted, this score could be used to give advance warning to trauma centres or even to initiate early transfusion during pre‐hospital care.
Tuberculosis extrapulmonar, un reto clínico vigente.
Authors: Amado Garzon Sandra , Moreno Mercado Sebastián , Martínez Vernaza Samuel , Lasso Javier Iván , Laserna Andres 
Published: June 2021

Los dos tipos de manifestación clínica de la tuberculosis (TB) son la pulmonar y la extrapulmonar siendo la primera la más frecuente. No obstante, si bien se ha logrado disminuir la prevalencia en general, las cifras de la tuberculosis extrapulmonar (TBEP) se mantienen estables; se notificaron 896.000 casos nuevos en el mundo en 2017. Por lo general, se presenta por diseminación hematógena o linfática del bacilo del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis a otros órganos. Los sitios de compromiso más frecuentes son pleural, ganglionar, tracto gastrointestinal y osteoarticular. Otros menos habituales son el sistema nervioso central, piel, tracto genitourinario y vías aéreas superiores.
Las manifestaciones clínicas de la TBEP son variables por su naturaleza paucibacilar y constituye un verdadero reto para los clínicos. La aproximación diagnóstica depende del sitio de compromiso, la facilidad de toma de la muestra, la sensibilidad de las pruebas y la distribución de la micobacteria en el tejido. La enfermedad usualmente responde al tratamiento estándar para TB y el tiempo ideal del régimen varía según el sitio afectado. El propósito de esta revisión es describir la presentación clínica y el proceso diagnóstico de la TBEP.

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Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Pressure Ulcers in a University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Andrade Fonseca David , Hernández Ordoñez Sandra , Gomez Neva Maria Elizabeth , Rojas Villamil Julie Johana , Ayala Nydia Esmeralda , Alfonso Yurani Andrea , Cespedes Eliana Katherine , Flórez Amaya Francy Helena , Daza Gina Alexandra , Sabogal Francisco Javier , Rubio Claudia Patricia , López Victor Alfonso , Rodríguez Johan Andrés , Cuspoca Liliana Marcela , Lancheros Rodríguez Deisy Mayerly 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Pressure ulcers are skin lesions that occur as a result of an ischemia process, this type of lesion are considerated very important in the health context.
Objective. To identify associated factors with the appearance of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients over 16 years old, in a teaching hospital in Bogotá Colombia during 2013.
Materials and methods. A case-control study was carried out, based on a secondary information source. Some variables and their relationship with the presentation of pressure ulcers in each case were analyzed.
Results 228 patients were included, 114 cases, 114 controls, the bivariate analysis to identify the factors associated with the risk of presenting pressure ulcers: age equal to or greater than 45 years, pathologies of respiratory etiology, with levels of hemoglobin and albumin below the range expected for sex and age, multivariate analysis that patients older than 45 years, hemoglobin below the expected level by sex and age, have a high risk of presenting UPP for each day of hospital stay. Conclusions The early identification of factors associated with UPP constitutes a fundamental pillar in care.
Génesis y evolución de la artroplastia de cadera
Authors: Sarmiento-Osorio Diana Carolina , Gaitan Lee Hernando 
Published: June 2021

Los reemplazos articulares de cadera configuran una serie de técnicas quirúrgica ampliamente estudiadas que proveen resultados altamente satisfactorios en términos de mejoría del dolor, funcionalidad, independencia para actividades básicas y calidad de vida en los pacientes adultos jóvenes y mayores con patología articular de la cadera. A lo largo de la historia los cirujanos ortopedistas han realizado intervenciones desde osteotomías intertrocantéreas, interposición de diferentes materiales en la articulación, hasta el desarrollo de prótesis de alta tecnología con descripciones de diferentes abordajes y técnicas quirúrgicas. Este manuscrito realiza un recorrido por la historia de los reemplazos articulares; es una síntesis de la evolución de los pilares de la cirugía de reemplazos articulares que permite al lector a entender los principios que fundamentan la tecnología y técnicas vigentes en la artroplastia de cadera.
Numerical Predictions of Turbine Cascade Secondary Flows and Heat Transfer With Inflow Turbulence
Authors: Kanani Yousef , Acharya Sumanta , Ames Forrest 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Turbine passage secondary flows are studied for a large rounded leading edge airfoil geometry considered in the experimental investigation of Varty et al. (“Vane Suction Surface Heat Transfer in Regions of Secondary Flows: The Influence of Turbulence Level, Reynolds Number, and the Endwall Boundary Condition,” ASME J. Turbomach., 140(2), p. 021010) using high resolution large eddy simulation. The complex nature of secondary flow formation and evolution are affected by the approach boundary layer characteristics, components of pressure gradients tangent and normal to the passage flow, surface curvature, and inflow turbulence. This paper presents a detailed description of the secondary flows and heat transfer in a linear vane cascade at exit chord Reynolds number of 5 × 105 at low and high inflow turbulence. Initial flow turning at the leading edge of the inlet boundary layer leads to a pair of counter-rotating flow circulation in each half of the cross plane that drives the evolution of the pressure side and suction side of the near-wall vortices such as the horseshoe and leading edge corner vortex. The passage vortex for the current large leading edge vane is formed by the amplification of the initially formed circulation closer to the pressure side (PPC) which strengthens and merges with other vortex systems while moving towards the suction side. The predicted suction surface heat transfer shows good agreement with the measurements and properly captures the augmented heat transfer due to the formation and lateral spreading of the secondary flows towards the vane midspan downstream of the vane passage. Effects of various components of the secondary flows on the endwall and vane heat transfer are discussed in detail.
Spatially variable syn- and post-Alleghanian exhumation of the central Appalachian Mountains from zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronology
Authors: Basler Luke C. , Baughman Jaclyn S. , Fame Michelle L. , Haproff Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo assess spatial and temporal patterns of Phanerozoic orogenic burial and subsequent exhumation in the central Appalachian Mountains, we present mid-temperature zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe; closure temperature [TC] = 140–200 °C) dates for 10 samples along a 225 km, strike-perpendicular transect spanning the Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont physiographic provinces in West Virginia and western Virginia. Ranges of single-grain ZHe dates exhibit an eastward younging trend from 455–358 Ma in the Pennsylvanian Appalachian Plateau to 336–209 Ma in the Valley and Ridge, 298–217 Ma in the Blue Ridge, and 186–121 Ma in the Piedmont. Within the Pennsylvanian Appalachian Plateau, detrital ZHe dates are older than corresponding depositional ages, thus limiting postdepositional burial temperatures to less than 160 °C. These ZHe dates capture predepositional mid-Paleozoic cooling signatures, indicating provenance from either recycled Taconic or Acadian basin strata or mid-Paleozoic Appalachian terranes. Across the Valley and Ridge and western Blue Ridge provinces, reset Permian detrital ZHe dates feature flat date-effective uranium correlations that suggest rapid Alleghanian cooling initiating prior to 270 Ma. ZHe dates within the Valley and Ridge are more than 100 m.y. older than previously reported regional apatite fission-track dates, reflecting a protracted period of stable post-Alleghanian thermal conditions within the foreland. By contrast, post-Triassic single-grain ZHe dates in the interior Piedmont document rapid postrift cooling, likely resulting from both the relaxation of an elevated geothermal gradient and exhumation from rift-flank uplift. The spatial discontinuity between stable synrift thermal conditions in the Valley and Ridge and rapid cooling in the Piedmont suggests that rift-flank uplift and cooling were concentrated outboard of the foreland within the Piedmont province.
Freshwater Trematodes Sanguinicola (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) in Europe: Distribution, Host Range, and Characteristics of Fish and Snail Infestation (Review)
Authors: Zhokhov A. E. , Pugacheva M. N. , Poddubnaya L. G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Data on trematode life cycles, fish host distribution, transmission, and fish and snail infection are reported in this review. European freshwater trematodes of the genus Sanguinicola (Aporocotylidae) remain an insufficiently studied group of trematodes. Five species of Aporocotylidae (Sanguinicola armata, S. inermis, S. intermedia, S. volgensis, and S. rutili) in freshwater fish of Europe are described. In addition, they have been found in the water bodies of Central Asia and West Siberia (Ob-Irtysh River basin). The life cycle allowing us to assign the cercariae and adults to a certain species is known only for S. armata, S. inermis, and S. rutili. Trematodes of the genus Sanguinicola are found in 26 fish species assigned to 7 families and 4 orders and 24 gastropod species assigned to 7 families. With few exceptions, the sanguinicolid infection of fish and snails is rather low in the natural water bodies.
Teaching residents how to break bad news: piloting a resident-led curriculum and feedback task force as a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Sleiman Joseph , Savage David J , Switzer Benjamin , Colbert Colleen Y , Chevalier Cory , Neuendorf Kathleen , Harris David 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBreaking bad news (BBN) is a critically important skill set for residents. Limited formal supervision and unpredictable timing of bad news delivery serve as barriers to the exchange of meaningful feedback.Purpose of studyThe goal of this educational innovation was to improve internal medicine residents’ communication skills during challenging BBN encounters. A formal BBN training programme and innovative on-demand task force were part of this two-phase project.Study designInternal medicine residents at a large academic medical centre participated in an interactive workshop focused on BBN. Workshop survey results served as a needs assessment for the development of a novel resident-led BBN task force. The task force was created to provide observations at the bedside and feedback after BBN encounters. Training of task force members incorporated video triggers and a feedback checklist. Inter-rater reliability was analysed prior to field testing, which provided data on real-world implementation challenges.Results148 residents were trained during the 2-hour communications skills workshop. Based on survey results, 73% (108 of 148) of the residents indicated enhanced confidence in BBN after participation. Field testing of the task force on a hospital ward revealed potential workflow barriers for residents requesting observations and prompted troubleshooting. Solutions were implemented based on field testing results.ConclusionsA trainee-led BBN task force and communication skills workshop is offered as an innovative model for improving residents’ interpersonal and communication skills in BBN. We believe the model is both sustainable and reproducible. Lessons learnt are offered to aid in implementation in other settings.