bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of Atrial or Ventricular Tachypacing on the Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) level of Expression and Phosphorylation
Authors: Shorofsky Matthew , Maguy Ange , Nattel Stanley 
Published: February 2021

Background - Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation (AF) results in complex changes in the cardiomyocyte electrical and contractile functioning that promote atrial remodeling and the continuation of AF. Recently there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are cytoprotective molecular chaperones, in the pathophysiology of AF. Several groups have examined HSP expression in patients with AF but have yielded mixed results. To allow for better consistency and reproducibility between subjects, we utilized canine models to reproduce AF- promoting conditions to better investigate the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of AF. Methods - AF promoting conditions were simulated in canine models with fifteen adult mongrel dogs (20.6 to 36.0 kg) divided into three groups: (1) Control (n=5), (2) two week ventricular tachypacing (VTP) induced congestive heart failure (CHF) (n=5), and (3) one week atrial tachypacying (ATP) (n=5). Quick frozen right atrial free wall tissue samples were used for protein isolation and were analyzed via Western blotting with data was expressed as a relative ratio and were analyzed using a two-tailed, unpaired t- test and significance was set at p < 0.05. The expression levels of HSP 90, 70, and 25 were studied along with the phosphorylation status of HSP27 at serine-78. Results - We first examined the effects of the ATP and CHF heart models on the expression of a select group of HSPs via Western Blot. We found that there was no significant difference in levels of expression of HSP 90, 70, or 25 when either ATP or CHF models were compared to control canines. The phosphorylation status of HSP27 was significantly decreased in the CHF canine model when compared to control (p < 0.0111) and it tended towards a decrease in the ATP canine model when compared to control (p=0.0923). Conclusion - This study showed that even though the expression levels of HSPs may remain constant, there are protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events that occur in AF that may have important consequences in its pathophysiology. It is therefore necessary to investigate the full scale of HSP modifications during AF and AF-promoting conditions.
Teenage Female with Knee Pain and Instability
Authors: Jo Patricia , Leswick David A , Allen Lauren A 
Published: February 2021

Congenital dislocation of the knee, result- ing from an absence of the cruciate ligaments, is a condition affecting 0.017 per 1000 live births (1). Although very rare, it has drawn the attention of or- thopaedic surgeons and radiologists because it is associated with other congential anomalies. This paper presents abnormalities that are isolated to the knee and without evidence of associated syndrome. The absent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is associated with a hypoplastic posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), a shallow femoral notch, and hypoplastic tibial spines seen with radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging. The objective of this article is to review the clinical presentation and imaging fndings associated with congenitally absent ACL.
Evolutionary approaches to autism- an overview and integration
Authors: Ploeger Annemie , Galis Frietson 
Published: February 2021

Autism is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, which great- ly reduces reproductive success. The combination of high heritability and low re- productive success raises an evolutionary question: why was autism not eliminated by natural selection? we review different perspectives on the evolution of autism and propose an integration which emphasizes epistatic interactions between the ef- fects of genes during development. It is well-established that autism is a polygenic disorder, and that the genes contributing to autism interact. If a disorder is poly- genic, it is likely that the genes underlying the disorder are also involved in traits that are benefcial for the individual. For example, it is possible that genes involved in the development of autism are also involved in the development of intelligence. As intelligence is positively correlated with reproductive success, genes involved in autism can possibly spread in the population. we propose that in most individu- als, the interactions between genes result in normal or high intelligence and the absence of autism. However, in some unlucky situations, often in combination with spontaneous negative mutations, the interactions between genes can lead to the development of autism (or other pathologies). Thus, the combination of high herita- bility and low reproductive success in autism can be explained from an evolution- ary developmental perspective that emphasizes the role of epistatic interactions in polygenic disorders.
A New Palmo-Shoulder Compression Association
Authors: Sinno Hani , Zadeh Teanoosh 
Published: February 2021

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a most common peripheral compression neuropathy (1). It is caused by mechanical compression of the median nerve as it traverses the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Classic signs and symptoms are numbness of the lateral three digits and weakness of the thenar muscles due to atrophy (2). Important diagnostic tests in- clude electromyography (EMG) and nerve con- duction studies. The gold standard for the surgical treatment is transection of the transverse carpal ligament.
Exploring the Possibility for a Common System for Joint Aeromedical Standards
Authors: Woodson Justin , Dalitsch III Walter M , Persson James L , McGhee James , Ciccone Charles , Parsa Brian 
Published: February 2021

The Physical qualifcation standards for aviation service used by the united States Army, Navy/Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast guard developed in parallel, diverging in many instances due to differences ranging from terminology to mission. Presently, standards and requirements for waiver vary widely between the services, in spite of minimal differences in aeromedical concerns for any given medical condition. Standardization or increased concordance between the services would have several advantages leading to more effcient and effective delivery of aviation medical support to the operational forces. This is particularly true in an increasingly joint operational environment. The authors have identifed four major hurdles that must be overcome before the concept of joint aviation physical stan- dards can be explored. These include: a difference in terminology including aviator classifcation, a difference in mission defnitions and requirements, a difference in the processes of policy development, and a difference in the review and application of those policies. These hurdles are explored, and suggestions for their mitigation are presented with open discussion following.
Type IV paraesophageal hiatal hernia and organoaxial gastric volvulus
Authors: Zachry Alison , Liu Alan , Raja Sabiya , Maboud Nadeem , Sandhu Jyotu , Sims DeAndrea , Malik Umer Feroze , Mahmoud Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Organoaxial gastric volvulus occurs when the stomach rotates on its longitudinal axis connecting the gastroesophageal junction to the pylorus. With that, the antrum of the stomach usually rotates in the opposite direction in rela-tion to its fundus (1). This phenomenon has often been known to be associated with diaphragmatic defects (2) Importantly, abnormal rotation of the stomach of more than 180° is a life threatening emergency that may create a closed loop ob- struction which may result in incarceration leading to strangulation, and hence, a surgical emergency. We present the case of a middle-aged female who presented with organoaxial gastric volvulus and had an associated Type IV paraesophageal hiatal hernia that was treated electively. Normally an emergent gastric volvulus is diagnosed via Borchardt’s classic triad (epigastric pain, unproductive vomiting and diffculty inserting a nasogastric tube); however in this patient the nasogastric tube (NGT) was passed into the antrum which allowed additional time for resusci-tation with fuids and other symptomatic relief.
Mortality trends in a Cohort of Canadian Psoriatic Arthritis Patients
Authors: Ogunyemi Boluwaji 
Published: February 2021

Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the charts of psoriatic arthritis patients who died from 1995-2010.We included 13 deceased patients with a psoriatic arthritis di-agnosis and compared them with 140 patients living with psoriatic arthritis that at-tend the same clinic. The population was derived from a single academic rheumatol-ogist’s practice in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. Patients are seen at six-month intervals with a history and physical exam performed at each visit. Laboratory data was collected at each visit. Diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is based on the CASPAR Classifcation and Diagnostic Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis. Results: The mean age of the 13 deceased patients was 62.9 years. Of these, 38.5% were female and 85.7% had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than 15 mm/hour vs. 36.4% of patients living with psoriatic arthritis. Of deceased patients, 16%had dystrophic nail changes of vs. 59.6% of living patients. Health Assessment Questionnaire was found to show a signifcantly greater loss in function in deceasedpatients. (1.39 vs. 0.70, p= 0.002). Almost half of the deceased patients had used Prednisone (46.2%) as opposed to 11.2% of living patients. Conclusions: We realize that this study employs a small sample size. Increased ESR and Health Assessment Questionnaire score were found to be associated with mor-tality in psoriatic arthritis patients. Dystrophic nail changes were found to be pro-tective for psoriatic arthritis patients.
A Tale of Two Brains- Cortical localization and neurophysiology in the 19th and 20th century
Authors: Bilodeau Philippe-Antoine 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Other authors have well described the importance of experimental physiology in the development of brain sciences and the individual discoveries of the founding fathers of modern neurology. Here is discussed the birth of neurological sciences in the 19th and 20th century and their epistemological origins.Discussion: In the span of two hundred years, we saw the emergence of two different brains: the neuroanatomical brain, exemplified by cortical localization and the anatomo-clinical approach pioneered by Jean-Martin Charcot, and the neurophysiological brain, exemplified by Santiago Ramon y Cajal’s neuron doctrine and pre-modern electrophysiology. We can distinguish between brain function, understood as the attribution of physiological functions to discrete anatomical structures, and brain functioning, understood as an approach to nervous system functioning and physiology that emphasizes mechanisms.Conclusion: In the 19th and 20th century, the brain became an organ with a physiology that could be understood. However, we saw the development of two different conceptions of the brain, which continue to influence neurological sciences to this day.Relevance: With modern cognitive neuroscience, functional neuroanatomy, cellular and molecular neurophysiology and neural networks, neurological sciences all have different analytical units, which are tributaries of the 19th and 20th century development of the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological brains.
Apoptosis in Response to Anti-estrogens in MCF-7 Human Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Jacobson Avrum , Delic Jozo , Magdelenat Henri 
Published: February 2021

Programmed Cell Death (PCD) is a highly regulated but not yet fully understood process by which selective gene expression leads to cell demise. The term apoptosis refers to the typical morphological changes observed with PCD. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of apoptosis as a mechanism by which anti-estrogens mediate tumor regression. Estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 human mammary adenocarcinoma cells were treated with three different estrogen antagonists: RU 58668, ICI 182,780, and 4OH-Tam, in order of increasing potency. At selected time intervals, for up to seven days of culture, the degree of apoptosis induced by the anti-estrogens was assessed. Apoptotic cells were scored on the basis of specific morphological criteria disernable by fluorescence microscopy. It was hypothesised that the more potent the anti-estrogen, the greater the number of apoptotic cells we would observe. However, only minimal apoptosis was noted even at the highest concentration of anti-estrogen assayed (10-5 M). This is in contrast to some, but not all, previous reports. Possible confounding factors are discussed and include the presence of exogenous estrogen in the culture media, as well as a genetic drift in the clonal lineage of MCF-7 cells such that a resistance to induced apoptosis had been acquired.
Atrial Pacing May Decrease the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Cohen M , Morin JF , Rosengarten M 
Published: February 2021

At the Montreal General Hospital in 1994, the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronaryartery bypass graft (CABG) surgery was 30%. With the goal of reducing the incidence of thiscomplication, 20 patients (15 males and 5 females) undergoing CABG surgery were studied
prospectively for the occurrence of AF following a three-day "on demand" atrial pacing at 90 beats-per-minute. The age range of the group was 39 to 79 years, with a mean age of 60 and a median age of
63. Two patients were categorized in NYHA class II, 13 in class III, and five in class IV. Of the latter
five, two patients received intravenous nitroglycerin preoperatively. ß-blockers were taken pre-operatively by 13 patients, Ca2+ channel blockers by 12, and ACE inhibitors by two. Only one patient
had suffered a myocardial infarction within the last year. Preoperative ejection fractions ranged from15 to 60% with a mean of 45%. In all cases, the CABG operation achieved complete revascularizationusing left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts in addition to saphenous vein grafts. The averagenumber of bypasses performed was 3.15. Cardiac arrest was induced using intermittent cold bloodcardioplegia, and cardiopulmonary bypass time averaged 60 minutes. Aortic occlusion time averaged36 minutes. Intraoperative inotrope use was infrequent, used intraoperatively with two cases requiringneosynephrine, one case requiring levophed, and one case requiring dobutamine. Post-pacing cardiacassessment revealed non-specific T wave abnormalities in five (25%) of patients, but no patient showedany evidence of acute myocardial infarction. In no cases did any complications related to the atrialpacing develop in the postoperative period. The results reveal that only two patients (15%) experiencedAF following, and one during, the three-day regimen of atrial pacing. Thus, this study providespreliminary evidence of a decrease in the incidence of post-CABG AF using atrial pacing.
Diagnostico precoz de cáncer uterino y mamario
Authors: Camacho Luis 
Published: February 2021

La citología exfoliativa es uno de los métodos que ha logrado una significativa reducción de la mortalidad por cáncer de cérvix. Utilizando esta técnica de diagnóstico de una muestra de 1,529 mujeres atendidas en el Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, de 1966 a 1968: se observó que hay una mayor frecuencia de cáncer de cérvix en los quinqueños que van desde los 25 a los 45 años. La tasa por mil corresponde a 4; cifra de la cual el 3,33 por mil corresponde a carcinoma de cérvix “insitu” y 0,67 por mil a carcinoma invasor.
Los resultados de las citologías según las clases definidas por Papanicolaou, fueron los siguientes: 1,498 para la primera clase; 7,11 y 8 para las restantes clases de II a IV. En los casos cuya citología exfoliativa fue sospechosa fueron controlados periódicamente hasta descontar la presencia de cáncer o, en caso contrario, hasta efectuar el tratamiento más adecuado.
Characteristics of Asphalt Mixed Using Mountain Stone
Authors: Eswan Eswan , Adisasmita Sakti A. , Ramli M. Isran , Rauf Syafruddin 
Published: February 2021

Aggregate is the main thing in asphalt mixtures with a percentage of about 70% to 80%. The aggregate used should meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) before being used in the asphalt mixture. East Kalimantan Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia which always brings in aggregates from outside the region for road construction. This study aims to analyze the modulus of stiffness of the AC-WC mixture using local aggregate of East Kalimantan Province and petroleum bitumen grade 60/70 as a binder due to water immersion. This research is experimental in the laboratory. The variation of the petroleum bitumen content used was 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5%. Water immersion was carried out at the age of 3, 5 and 7 days. The results showed that at 3 days of immersion, the resilient modulus values obtained at petroleum bitumen content of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5% were 421.0, 506.0, 872.5, 747.0 and 648.5 MPa, respectively. At 5 days immersion, the resilient modulus values obtained were 383.5, 386.0, 915.5, 561.0 and 555.5 MPa, respectively. Whereas for the 7 days immersion, the resilient modulus were 290.5, 425.5, 1369.0, 547.5 and 525.0 MPa, respectively. It can be seen that water immersion greatly affects the stiffness modulus of the asphalt mixture. This stiffness will cause the asphalt mixture to be easily damaged or cracked. This can be caused by the influence of the sub-standard aggregates used, namely Senoni stone and Mahakam sand. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091652 Full Text: PDF
Series Type Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Dairy Farm Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Galve Julius Cezar A. , Sundo Marloe Baclayon , Camus Donny Rey D. , De Padua Victor Mikael N. , Morales Richard Dean F. 
Published: February 2021

Agricultural and livestock farms are the major sources of freshwater pollution in rural areas in the Philippines. Small and unregulated dairy farms operate without appropriate wastewater treatment before discharge because it is too expensive to do so. With this scenario, the emergence of the need for a sustainable and cheaper alternative for wastewater treatment gave rise to the research and development studies of the efficiency of constructed wetlands. The study aims to analyze the treatment efficiency of series type vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schumach) on University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) Dairy Farm wastewater with a focus on fecal coliform concentration, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids content, nitrite and nitrate concentration and pH level. The study showed that after treatment using the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands, all the parameters except the fecal coliform concentration were below the standard limits set by the Department of Agriculture with average removal efficiencies of 12.94% on Electric Conductivity (EC), 12.86% on Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), 216.44% on Nitrite (NO2-N), -125.64% on Nitrate (NO3-N), and -25.64% on Fecal Coliforms (FC). With the results of the analysis, a design of series type vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland for dairy farm wastewater treatment is suggested. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091654 Full Text: PDF
THE CONTRIBUTION OF FDI AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Maheswaranathan Sarojini , Jeewanthi K.M.N. 
Published: February 2021

The present study investigates the relationship between financial development, Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sri Lanka for the period 1980 to 2019 by applying the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit root test along with the ARDL approach in process of achieving the desired objective. The outcome of this study shows that except GDP and FDI all other variables such as Capital investment as a percent of GDP (CI), Bank credit to the private sector as a percent of GDP (BCP), net foreign direct investment inflows in % of GDP (FDI) are stationary at first difference. The findings reveal that net foreign direct investment inflows are a positive relationship with economic growth in the long run. It means a one percent increase in net foreign direct investment inflows increases the GDP by 0.826439 percent. At the same time, a one percent increase in bank credit to the private sector decreases the GDP by 0.864320 percent. Moreover, in the short run FDI, CI and BCP have a positive and significant impact on GDP. Diagnostic tests such as normality test, heteroskedasticity and serial autocorrelation are employed to validate parameter estimation outcomes. Further, the stability of the variables confirms by the CUSUM test. The country should propose Strategies to boost the growth of efficient domestic financial institutions and encourage policy to attract greater FDI inflows that meet the needs of the knowledge-based economy.
The role of the brain natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism in the diagnostic use of the biomarker in myocardial dysfunction in men, residents of Podillya with comorbid essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Antoniuk Ya. O. , Gumeniuk A. F. , Sakovych O. O. , Zhebel V. M. 
Published: February 2021

There is a growing interest in the early detection of signs of myocardial dysfunction, especially in comorbid patients for timely prevention of progression of disease, reducing the risk of complications, improving their quality of life. The aim of the work was to optimize the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction in men, residents of Podillya, taking into account the plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and polymorphism of the corresponding gene under conditions of comorbidity of essential hypertension (EH) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We examined 211 men: 79 persons without the signs of cardiovascular diseases, 62 patients with EH 2 and chronic heart failure (CHF) 0-I functional classes (FC) according to NYHA Classification and 70 – with EH 2 combined with T2D and CHF FC I-II. The examination included the determination of plasma concentration of BNP, the brain natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism (polymorphic locus T-381C), indices of doppler-echocardiography. The mathematical processing was performed using the standard statistical package Statistica 10. During the study, we calculated the primary statistical indicators, identified differences between groups on statistical grounds, made correlation and discriminant analysis. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) of the left ventricle (LV) was diagnosed in 45.16% of patients in the group with EH 2, and 90% in the group of comorbid patients. It was determined that men, residents of Podillya, with presence and absence of T2D, have dominating T381C genotype of the BNP gene (p>0.05). Lower plasma concentration of BNP that is peculiar for homozygous T381T genotype, in comparison with carriers of allele C of BNP gene and the average values of this biomarker in patients with DD may affect its informativeness in the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction and requires a lower level of diagnosis. Appropriate borderline levels of BNP were determined for early diagnosis of DD in carriers of polymorphic variants of the BNP gene in men, residents of Podillya, with comorbid course of EH 2 and T2D. It is recommended to determine the genotype of the corresponding gene (polymorphic locus T-381C) and plasma level of BNP and focus on the calculated borderline levels of BNP to optimize the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction in comorbid patients with EH 2 and T2D. For carriers of the T381T genotype it is ≥55.57 pg/ml, for carriers of the C allele (heterozygous T381C and homozygous C381C) of the BNP gene it is ≥69.13 pg/ml.