bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical staging proposal of the disease course over time in non-severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Lin Yiting , Wu Yiqun , Zhong Ping , Hou Bingbo , Liu Jielan , Chen Yingying , Liu Jiajun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInformation on the clinical staging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited. This study aimed to propose a clinical staging proposal of the disease course in non-severe patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective study, 108 non-severe patients with COVID-19 were grouped according to the duration from symptoms onset to hospital admission: ≤ 1 week, > 1 to 2 weeks, > 2 to 3 weeks, > 3 to 5 weeks, respectively. The dynamic changes of clinical signs were profiled across the four groups. A clinical staging proposal of the disease course over time was proposed from the perspective of the interaction between the virus and host. The prodromal phase, characterized by pneumonia, significant lymphopenia, and slightly elevated inflammatory markers, occurred in the first week after symptoms onset. In the second week, all the hematological and inflammatory markers were at the peak or bottom. Meanwhile, progressive pneumonia as well as the secondary damage of other organs (e.g. cardiac damage, coagulopathy, etc.) was significant during this period, making the disease progress into the apparent manifestation phase. In the third week, the improvement of the majority of clinical signs accompanied by a relatively high degree of inflammatory response defined the remission phase. After 3 weeks, patients were in the convalescent phase, in which all the indicators were maintained at a relatively normal level. We concluded that the disease course over time in non-severe patients with COVID-19 could be divided into four phases: the prodromal phase (in the first week), the apparent manifestation phase (in the second week), the remission phase (in the third week), and the convalescent phase (after 3 weeks), respectively. In clinical practice, tailored therapies should be considered seriously in different stages of the disease course.
Gut probiotic bacteria of Barbonymus gonionotus improve growth, hematological parameters and reproductive performances of the host
Authors: Salam Mohammad Abdus , Islam Md. Ariful , Paul Sulav Indra , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Rahman Mohammad Lutfar , Islam Fatama , Rahman Ashikur , Shaha Dinesh Chandra , Alam Md Shah , Islam Tofazzal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to isolate and identify probiotic bacteria from the gut ofBarbonymus gonionotusand evaluate their effects on growth, hematological parameters, and breeding performances of the host. Five probiotic bacteria viz. Enterococcus xiangfangensis(GFB-1),Pseudomonas stutzeri(GFB-2),Bacillus subtilis(GFB-3),Citrobacter freundii(GFB-4), andP. aeruginosa(GFB-5) were isolated and identified using16S rRNAgene sequencing. Application of a consortium of probiotic strains (1–3 × 1.35 × 109 CFU kg−1) or individual strain such as GFB-1 (1.62 × 109 CFU kg−1), GFB-2 (1.43 × 109 CFU kg−1), GFB-3 (1.06 × 109 CFU kg−1), GFB-4 (1.5 × 109 CFU kg−1) or GFB-5 (1.43 × 109 CFU kg−1feed) through feed significantly improved growth, histological and hematological parameters and reproductive performances ofB. gonionotuscompared to untreated control. Moreover, the application of these probiotics significantly increased gut lactic acid bacteria and activities of digestive enzymes but did not show any antibiotic resistance nor any cytotoxicity in vitro. The highest beneficial effects on treated fishes were recorded by the application of GFB-1, GFB-2, GFB-3, and a consortium of these bacteria (T2). This is the first report of the improvement of growth and health ofB. gonionotusfishes by its gut bacteria.
Complete mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic relationships of the genera Nephila and Trichonephila (Araneae, Araneoidea)
Authors: Yong Hoi-Sen , Song Sze-Looi , Chua Kah-Ooi , Wayan Suana I. , Eamsobhana Praphathip , Tan Ji , Lim Phaik-Eem , Chan Kok-Gan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpiders of the generaNephilaandTrichonephilaare large orb-weaving spiders. In view of the lack of study on the mitogenome of these genera, and the conflicting systematic status, we sequenced (by next generation sequencing) and annotated the complete mitogenomes ofN. pilipes,T. antipodianaandT. vitiana(previouslyN. vitiana) to determine their features and phylogenetic relationship. Most of the tRNAs have aberrant clover-leaf secondary structure. Based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and two rRNA genes),NephilaandTrichonephilaform a clade distinctly separated from the other araneid subfamilies/genera.T. antipodianaforms a lineage withT. vitianain the subclade containing alsoT. clavata, whileN. pilipesforms a sister clade toTrichonephila. The taxonvitianais therefore a member of the genusTrichonephilaand notNephilaas currently recognized. Studies on the mitogenomes of otherNephilaandTrichonephilaspecies and related taxa are needed to provide a potentially more robust phylogeny and systematics.
Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Farooqui Anam , Alhazmi Alaa , Haque Shafiul , Tamkeen Naaila , Mehmankhah Mahboubeh , Tazyeen Safia , Ali Sher , Ishrat Romana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe information on the genotype–phenotype relationship in Turner Syndrome (TS) is inadequate because very few specific candidate genes are linked to its clinical features. We used the microarray data of TS to identify the key regulatory genes implicated with TS through a network approach. The causative factors of two common co-morbidities, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Recurrent Miscarriages (RM), in the Turner population, are expected to be different from that of the general population. Through microarray analysis, we identified nine signature genes of T2DM and three signature genes of RM in TS. The power-law distribution analysis showed that the TS network carries scale-free hierarchical fractal attributes. Through local-community-paradigm (LCP) estimation we find that a strong LCP is also maintained which means that networks are dynamic and heterogeneous. We identified nine key regulators which serve as the backbone of the TS network. Furthermore, we recognized eight interologs functional in seven different organisms from lower to higher levels. Overall, these results offer few key regulators and essential genes that we envisage have potential as therapeutic targets for the TS in the future and the animal models studied here may prove useful in the validation of such targets.
Long term outcome of combined phacoemulsification and excisional goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade in different subtypes of glaucoma
Authors: Al Habash Ahmed , Albuainain Abdulrahman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo characterize changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP-lowering medications through up to 2 years of follow-up in patients undergoing combined phacoemulsification and excisional goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (phaco-KDB), with simultaneous goniosynechialysis in cases of angle-closure glaucoma. Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Consecutive patients with medically-treated glaucoma and visually-significant cataract underwent combined surgery. Analysis was conducted on open-angle (OAG) and angle-closure (ACG) glaucoma groups separately. Thirty-seven patients with OAG (24 with primary OAG and 13 with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma) and 11 with ACG were enrolled. In OAG eyes, mean (standard error) baseline IOP was 21.1 (0.9) mmHg and through 24 months of follow-up was reduced by 6.4–7.7 mmHg (24.6–32.1%; p ≤ 0.0001 at all time points). In ACG eyes, mean baseline IOP was 20.8 (1.6) mmHg and was reduced by 6.1–8.77 mmHg (23.4–39.0%; p ≤ 0.0353). Mean medications were reduced by 61.9–89.1% (p ≤ 0.0001) in OAG eyes and by 56.3–87.3% (p ≤ 0.0004) in ACG eyes. Phaco-KDB significantly lowered IOP ~ 30% and medications by > 50% through 24 months. This combined procedure provides meaningful long-term reductions in IOP and need for IOP-lowering medication and does not adversely affect visual rehabilitation in eyes with cataract and glaucoma.
Day 5 vitrified blastocyst transfer versus day 6 vitrified blastocyst transfer in oocyte donation program
Authors: Yerushalmi G. M. , Shavit T. , Avraham S. , Youngster M. , Kedem A. , Gat I. , Dorofeyeva U. S. , Mashiach S. , Schiff E. , Shulman A. , Seidman D. S. , Wiser A. , Maman E. , Hourvitz A. , Baum M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe superiority of day 5 blastocysts compared to day 6 blastocysts in fresh cycle transfers was previously demonstrated and attributed mainly to endometrial asynchrony. Data from frozen blastocysts transfers showed conflicting results, possibly due to heterogeneous patient population and embryo quality. The aim of this study was to compare clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) between transfers of vitrified day 5 blastocysts and day 6 blastocysts in oocyte donation, blastocyst-only cycles. In a retrospective, multi-center study, with a single oocyte donation program, a total of 1840 frozen embryo transfers (FET’s) were analyzed, including 1180 day 5 blastocysts and 660 day 6 blastocysts transfers. Day 5 blastocyst transfers had better embryonic development and significantly higher CPRs (34.24% vs. 20.15%, P < 0.0001), higher LBRs (26.89% vs. 14.77%, P < 0.0001), less cycles to LBR (1.83 ± 0.08 vs. 2.39 ± 0.18, P = 0.003) and shorter time to LBRs (76.32 ± 8.7 vs. 123.24 ± 19.1 days, P = 0.01), compared to day 6 transfers, respectively. A multivariate stepwise logistic regression indicated, that day 5 transfer was an independent factor for CPRs (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.43–2.54, P < 0.001) and LBRs (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.19–4.28, P = 0.01), regardless of embryo quality, compared to day 6. In conclusion, day 5 blastocysts in oocyte donation program have significantly higher CPRs and LBRs, and present shorter time to delivery, compared to day 6 blastocysts, regardless of embryo quality.
Cryo-EM structure of mammalian RNA polymerase II in complex with human RPAP2
Authors: Fianu Isaac , Dienemann Christian , Aibara Shintaro , Schilbach Sandra , Cramer Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNuclear import of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) involves the conserved factor RPAP2. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of mammalian Pol II in complex with human RPAP2 at 2.8 Å resolution. The structure shows that RPAP2 binds between the jaw domains of the polymerase subunits RPB1 and RPB5. RPAP2 is incompatible with binding of downstream DNA during transcription and is displaced upon formation of a transcription pre-initiation complex.
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 deletion screen defines mitochondrial gene essentiality and identifies routes for tumour cell viability in hypoxia
Authors: Thomas Luke W. , Esposito Cinzia , Morgan Rachel E. , Price Stacey , Young Jamie , Williams Steven P. , Maddalena Lucas A. , McDermott Ultan , Ashcroft Margaret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitochondria are typically essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells, and utilize oxygen and nutrients (e.g. glucose) to perform key metabolic functions that maintain energetic homeostasis and support proliferation. Here we provide a comprehensive functional annotation of mitochondrial genes that are essential for the viability of a large panel (625) of tumour cell lines. We perform genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 deletion screening in normoxia-glucose, hypoxia-glucose and normoxia-galactose conditions, and identify both unique and overlapping genes whose loss influences tumour cell viability under these different metabolic conditions. We discover that loss of certain oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes (e.g. SDHC) improves tumour cell growth in hypoxia-glucose, but reduces growth in normoxia, indicating a metabolic switch in OXPHOS gene function. Moreover, compared to normoxia-glucose, loss of genes involved in energy-consuming processes that are energetically demanding, such as translation and actin polymerization, improve cell viability under both hypoxia-glucose and normoxia-galactose. Collectively, our study defines mitochondrial gene essentiality in tumour cells, highlighting that essentiality is dependent on the metabolic environment, and identifies routes for regulating tumour cell viability in hypoxia.
One-step direct oxidation of fullerene-fused alkoxy ethers to ketones for evaporable fullerene derivatives
Authors: Lin Hao-Sheng , Ma Yue , Xiang Rong , Manzhos Sergei , Jeon Il , Maruyama Shigeo , Matsuo Yutaka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKetones are widely applied moieties in designing functional materials and are commonly obtained by oxidation of alcohols. However, when alcohols are protected/functionalized, the direct oxidation strategies are substantially curbed. Here we show a highly efficient copper bromide promoted one-step direct oxidation of benzylic ethers to ketones with the aid of a fullerene pendant. Mechanistic studies unveil that fullerene can serve as an electron pool proceeding the one-step oxidation of alkoxy group to ketone. In the absence of the fullerene pendant, the unreachable activation energy threshold hampers the direct oxidation of the alkoxy group. In the presence of the fullerene pendant, generated fullerene radical cation can activate the neighbour C–H bond of the alkoxy moiety, allowing a favourable energy barrier for initiating the direct oxidation. The produced fullerene-fused ketone possesses high thermal stability, affording the pin-hole free and amorphous electron-transport layer with a high electron-transport mobility.
The carbonization of aromatic molecules with three-dimensional structures affords carbon materials with controlled pore sizes at the Ångstrom-level
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Sakatsume Yuma , Onishi Katsuto , Tang Rui , Takahashi Kazuma , Nishihara Hirotomo , Nishina Yuta , Campéon Benoît D. L. , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada-Aki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbon materials with controlled pore sizes at the nanometer level have been obtained by template methods, chemical vapor desorption, and extraction of metals from carbides. However, to produce porous carbons with controlled pore sizes at the Ångstrom-level, syntheses that are simple, versatile, and reproducible are desired. Here, we report a synthetic method to prepare porous carbon materials with pore sizes that can be precisely controlled at the Ångstrom-level. Heating first induces thermal polymerization of selected three-dimensional aromatic molecules as the carbon sources, further heating results in extremely high carbonization yields (>86%). The porous carbon obtained from a tetrabiphenylmethane structure has a larger pore size (4.40 Å) than those from a spirobifluorene (4.07 Å) or a tetraphenylmethane precursor (4.05 Å). The porous carbon obtained from tetraphenylmethane is applied as an anode material for sodium-ion battery.
Symmetry mediated tunable molecular magnetism on a 2D material
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Arabi Soroush , Kern Klaus , Ternes Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSymmetries in nanoscale structures can be decisive for their structural, electronic, and magnetic properties, particularly in systems with reduced dimensions. Here we show that the symmetries of a flat metal-organic molecule adsorbed on a transition metal dichalcogenide, a 2-dimensional layered material, have a dramatic effect on the total spin and the intramolecular spin-spin interactions. Using a scanning probe microscope, we find two different molecular spin states by modifying the symmetry of the molecules via the twist angle to the substrate. Additionally, we observe significant non-collinear Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction between two electron spins on the molecule induced by the spin-orbit coupling of the van der Waals coupled layered material with broken inversion symmetry. Our work opens a path for modifying the spin by exploiting symmetries and for studying the nature of surface-induced non-collinear spin-spin interaction within a single molecule which might allow the realization of more complex topological spin structures.
Current extinction rate in European freshwater gastropods greatly exceeds that of the late Cretaceous mass extinction
Authors: Neubauer Thomas A. , Hauffe Torsten , Silvestro Daniele , Schauer Jens , Kadolsky Dietrich , Wesselingh Frank P. , Harzhauser Mathias , Wilke Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction event 66 million years ago eradicated three quarters of marine and terrestrial species globally. However, previous studies based on vertebrates suggest that freshwater biota were much less affected. Here we assemble a time series of European freshwater gastropod species occurrences and inferred extinction rates covering the past 200 million years. We find that extinction rates increased by more than one order of magnitude during the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction, which resulted in the extinction of 92.5% of all species. The extinction phase lasted 5.4 million years and was followed by a recovery period of 6.9 million years. However, present extinction rates in European freshwater gastropods are three orders of magnitude higher than even these revised estimates for the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction. Our results indicate that, unless substantial conservation effort is directed to freshwater ecosystems, the present extinction crisis will have a severe impact to freshwater biota for millions of years to come.
Word Recognition and Word Prediction in Preschoolers With (a Suspicion of) a Developmental Language Disorder: Evidence From Eye Tracking
Authors: van Alphen Petra , Brouwer Susanne , Davids Nina , Dijkstra Emma , Fikkert Paula 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study compares online word recognition and prediction in preschoolers with (a suspicion of) a developmental language disorder (DLD) and typically developing (TD) controls. Furthermore, it investigates correlations between these measures and the link between online and off-line language scores in the DLD group.MethodUsing the visual world paradigm, Dutch children ages 3;6 (years;months) with (a suspicion of) DLD (n= 51) and TD peers (n= 31) listened to utterances such as, “Kijk, een hoed!” (Look, a hat!) in a word recognition task, and sentences such as, “Hé, hij leest gewoon een boek” (literal translation:Hey, he reads just a book) in a word prediction task, while watching a target and distractor picture.ResultsBoth groups demonstrated a significantword recognitioneffect that looked similar directly after target onset. However, the DLD group looked longer at the target than the TD group and shifted slower from the distractor to target pictures. Within the DLD group, word recognition was linked to off-line expressive language scores. Forword prediction,the DLD group showed a smaller effect and slower shifts from verb onset compared to the TD group. Interestingly, within the DLD group, prediction behavior varied considerably, and was linked to receptive and expressive language scores. Finally, slower shifts in word recognition were related to smaller prediction effects.ConclusionsWhile the groups' word recognition abilities looked similar, and only differed in processing speed and dwell time, the DLD group showed atypical verb-based prediction behavior. This may be due to limitations in their processing capacity and/or their linguistic knowledge, in particular of verb argument structure.
Does the Speech Cue Profile Affect Response to Amplitude Envelope Distortion?
Authors: Souza Pamela E. , Ellis Gregory , Marks Kendra , Wright Richard , Gallun Frederick 
Published: May 2021

PurposeA broad area of interest to our group is to understand the consequences of the “cue profile” (a measure of how well a listener can utilize audible temporal and/or spectral cues for listening scenarios in which a subset of cues is distorted. The study goal was to determine if listeners whose cue profile indicated that they primarily used temporal cues for recognition would respond differently to speech-envelope distortion than listeners who utilized both spectral and temporal cues.MethodTwenty-five adults with sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. The listener's cue profile was measured by analyzing identification patterns for a set of synthetic syllables in which envelope rise time and formant transitions were varied. A linear discriminant analysis quantified the relative contributions of spectral and temporal cues to identification patterns. Low-context sentences in noise were processed with time compression, wide-dynamic range compression, or a combination of time compression and wide-dynamic range compression to create a range of speech-envelope distortions. An acoustic metric, a modified version of the Spectral Correlation Index, was calculated to quantify envelope distortion.ResultsA binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model indicated that envelope distortion, the cue profile, the interaction between envelope distortion and the cue profile, and the pure-tone average were significant predictors of sentence recognition.ConclusionsThe listeners with good perception of spectro-temporal contrasts were more resilient to the detrimental effects of envelope compression than listeners who used temporal cues to a greater extent. The cue profile may provide information about individual listening that can direct choice of hearing aid parameters, especially those parameters that affect the speech envelope.
Design and research of a robotic system for ultrasonic‐assisted lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Xiao Jingjing , Li Mengqiong , Wang Chiming , Pi Jun , He Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of uncontrollable cutting depth and the rough incision edge of the cornea with manual trephine in lamellar keratoplasty, an ultrasonic‐assisted corneal trephination method has been proposed for the first time in accordance with the advantage of ultrasonic vibration cutting, and the corresponding robotic system has been designed and researched. According to the traditional process of lamellar keratoplasty, the requirements of the surgical robotic system were first proposed. On this basis, the robotic system was designed and its schematic diagram was introduced. Second, the key components of the robotic body such as the eccentric adjusting mechanism and the end‐effector of ultrasonic scalpel were illustrated, which can realise corneal trephination of different incision diameters without scalpel replacement. Then the operation flow chart of a robot‐assisted lamellar keratoplasty was put forward. Finally, the preliminary verified experiments were performed using a grape and a porcine eyeball, respectively, in vitro with the prototype system. The results show that the robotic system can basically satisfy the operation requirements of lamellar keratoplasty. Owing to the less cutting force and smoother corneal incision edge of ultrasonic‐assisted lamellar keratoplasty compared with manual trephine, it was proved to be more feasible and superior.