bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H I content in Coma cluster substructure
Authors: Healy J. , Blyth S.-L. , Verheijen M. A. W. , Hess K. M. , Serra P. , van der Hulst J. M. , Jarrett T. H. , Yim K. , Józsa G. I. G. 
Published: April 2021

Context. Galaxy clusters are some of largest structures in the universe. These very dense environments tend to be home to higher numbers of evolved galaxies than found in lower-density environments. It is well known that dense environments can influence the evolution of galaxies through the removal of the neutral gas (H I) reservoirs that fuel star formation. It is unclear which environment has a stronger effect: the local environment (i.e., the substructure within the cluster), or the cluster itself.
Aims. Using the new H I data from the Westerbork Coma Survey, we explore the average H I content of galaxies across the cluster comparing galaxies that reside in substructure to those that do not.
Methods. We applied the Dressler–Shectman test to our newly compiled redshift catalogue of the Coma cluster to search for substructure. With so few of the Coma galaxies directly detected in H I, we used the H I stacking technique to probe the average H I content below what can be directly detected.
Results. Using the Dressler–Shectman test, we find 15 substructures within the footprint of the Westerbork Coma Survey. We compare the average H I content for galaxies within substructure to those not in substructure. Using the H I stacking technique, we find that those Coma galaxies not detected in H I are more than 10–50 times more H I deficient than expected, which supports the scenario of an extremely efficient and rapid quenching mechanism. By studying the galaxies that are not directly detected in H I, we also find Coma to be more H I deficient than previously thought.
Warm ISM in the Sgr A complex
Authors: García P. , Abel N. , Röllig M. , Simon R. , Stutzki J. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The Arches Cluster – Arched Filaments (AF) system is our Galaxy’s prime example of the complexity involved in the interaction between the strong radiation field of numerous OB stars and their surrounding ISM in extremely harsh environments such as the Galactic center (GC) of the Milky Way. It offers a unique opportunity to study the close relationship between photon-dominated regions (PDRs) and H II regions and their relative contributions to the observed [CII] emission.
Aims. We aim to investigate the I([CII]) versus I([NII]) integrated intensity behavior in the AF region in order to assess the [CII] emission contribution from the H II region, which is traced by [NII] line observations, and PDR components in the high-metallicity environment of the GC.
Methods. We used [CII] 158 μm and [NII] 205 μm fine structure line observations of the AF in the literature to compare their observational integrated intensity distribution to semi-theoretical predictions for the contribution of H II regions and adjacent PDRs to the observed [CII] emission. We explored variations in the [C/N] elemental abundance ratio to explain the overall behavior of the observed relationship. Based on our models, the H II region and PDR contributions to the observed [CII] emission is calculated for a few positions within and near to the AF. Estimates for the [C/N] abundance ratio and [N/H] nitrogen elemental abundance in the AF can then be derived.
Results. The behavior of the I([CII]) versus I([NII]) relationship in the AF can be explained by model results satisfying 0.84 < [C/N]AF < 1.41, with model metallicities ranging from 1 Z⊙ to 2 Z⊙, hydrogen volume density log n(H) = 3.5, and ionization parameters log U from −1 to −2. A least-squares fit to the model data points yields log I([CII]) = 1.068 × log I([NII]) + 0.645 to predict the [CII] emission arising from the H II regions in the AF. The fraction of the total observed [CII] emission arising from within PDRs varies between ~0.20 and ~0.75. Our results yield average values for the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and nitrogen elemental abundances of [C/N]AF = 1.13 ± 0.09 and [N/H]AF = 6.21 × 10−4 for the AF, respectively. They are a factor of ~0.4 smaller and ~7.5 larger than their corresponding Galactic disk values.
Conclusions. The large spatial variation of the fraction of [CII] emission arising either from H II regions or PDRs suggests that both contributions must be disentangled before any modeling attempt is made to explain the observed [CII] emission in the AF. We suggest thatsecondary production of nitrogen from low- to intermediate-mass stars in the Galactic bulge is a plausible mechanism to explain the large abundance differences between the GC and the Galactic disk. The mass loss of such stars would enrich the GC ISM with nitrogen as the gas falls into the inner GC orbits where the AF are located. Overall, our results show that tight constraints are needed on the [C/N] abundance ratio for the GC, significantly tighter than previous abundance measurements have discerned.
HCN (1−0) opacity of outflowing gas in Arp 220W
Authors: Wang J. Z. , Liu S. , Zhang Z.-Y. , Shi Y. 
Published: April 2021

Context. We present our findings for the HCN/H13CN 1−0 line ratio in the molecular outflow of Arp 220 west based on high-resolution ALMA data.
Aims. Molecular gas masses in the outflowing gas of galaxies driven by active galactic nuclei or starbursts are important parameters for understanding the feedback of these latter two phenomena and star-formation quenching. The conversion factor of line luminosities to masses is related to the optical depth of the molecular lines.
Methods. Using H13CN 1–0, the isotopic line of HCN 1−0, to obtain the line ratio of HCN/H13CN 1−0 is an ideal way to derive the optical depth of HCN 1−0 in outflowing gas.
Results. With the nondetection of H13CN 1−0 in the outflowing gas, a 3σ lower limit of HCN/H13CN 1−0 line ratio is obtained, which is at least three times higher than that found in the whole of the whole system of Arp 220. The high HCN/H13CN 1−0 line ratio indicates low opacity of HCN 1−0 in the outflowing gas, even though the upper limit of HCN 1−0 opacity obtained here is still not good enough to draw any robust conclusions if HCN 1−0 is optically thin. A lower conversion factor of HCN 1−0 luminosity to dense gas mass in the outflowing gas should be used than that used for the host galaxy of Arp 220.
Unklare Bewusstseinsstörung – könnte es eine Vergiftung sein?
Authors: Hüser Christoph , Hackl Matthias , Suárez Victor 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungBewusstseinsveränderungen sind eine typische Indikation für einen Notarzteinsatz. Dabei stellt das große Spektrum möglicher Differenzialdiagnosen für den Notarzt und die aufnehmende Klinik eine Herausforderung dar. Intoxikationen sind eine wichtige, jedoch insbesondere präklinisch oft schwierig zu identifizierende Ursache von Bewusstseinsveränderungen.
Einstufung des Grades der Schwerbehinderung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Chronischer Myeloischer Leukämie
Authors: Suttorp Meinolf , Sembill Stephanie , Metzler Markus 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Chronische Myeloische Leukämie (CML) repräsentiert nur 2–3 % der pädiatrischen Leukämien. Sie wird meist in chronischer Phase (CML-CP) diagnostiziert und schreitet unbehandelt zur akzelerierten (CML-AP) und schließlich akut lebensbedrohlichen Blastenphase (CML-BP) fort. Anders als bei anderen Leukämieformen erfolgt in CML-CP keine intensive Chemotherapie, sondern auf unbestimmte Dauer eine Therapie mit oralen Medikamenten, den Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI). Diese kann mit allgemeinen und entwicklungsspezifischen Nebenwirkungen assoziiert sein. Die Seltenheit der pädiatrischen CML limitiert die Erfahrung bei der Festlegung des Grades der Behinderung (GdB) durch die Behörden.
Methoden Es erfolgte eine Fragebogen-Erhebung zu den Abläufen bei Antragsstellung für einen Schwerbehindertenausweis.
Resultate 34/70 Patienten (49 %; medianes Alter 11 J, Bereich 3–17 J; CML-CP/-AP/-BP: N = 28/3/3 Patienten) beantworteten die Fragen. Die mediane TKI-Therapiedauer betrug 33 Monate (Bereich 4–163 Mon.), wobei 24/34 Patienten (71 %) Nebenwirkungen berichteten. 5/34 Patienten (15 %) hatten keinen Behindertenausweis beantragt. In CML-BP wurde ein GdB 100 allen und in CML-AP 2 von 3 Patienten bewilligt; dem 3. Patienten wurde GdB 60 zugestanden. Bei den 21 Patienten in CML-CP variierte der bewilligte GdB von 20–100; 9/28 Patienten (32 %) erhielten GdB 50. Das Merkzeichen H (hilflos) wurde bei 5/28 Patienten (18 %) in CML-CP bewilligt.
Fazit Verglichen mit anderen pädiatrischen Malignomen lässt die große Spannbreite des GdB bei CML-CP auf eine Unsicherheit bei der Einschätzung der Einschränkungen durch die Erkrankung und Therapie schließen. Vorgaben bei Erwachsenen mit CML bieten nur wenig Orientierung, da sich bei pädiatrischen Patienten auch häufig entwicklungsspezifische Nebenwirkungen ergeben.
Facies leontina bei chronischer lymphatischer Leukämie
Authors: Kuske Marvin , Hering M. , Sergon M. , Beissert S. , Aschoff R. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über die seltene Entwicklung einer Leukaemia cutis, die sich als Facies leontina bei einem Patienten mit seit 4 Jahren bekannter chronischer lymphatischer Leukämie manifestierte. In Zusammenschau der Histomorphologie und des immunhistochemischen Phänotyps zeigte sich in der Dermis ein monomorphes Infiltrat von kleinen lymphatischen Zellen mit runden chromatindichten Zellkernen sowie Koexpression von CD20, CD5 und CD23. Dazwischen eingestreut waren einzelne CD3-positive T-Zellen. Obwohl die Facies leontina am häufigsten mit der lepromatösen Lepra oder einem kutanen T-Zell-Lymphom assoziiert ist, sollte insbesondere bei älteren Menschen auch an eine zugrundeliegende Leukämie gedacht werden.
Tracking Hospital Visitors/Chaperones during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hsu Suh-Meei , Cheng Tsung-Kuei , Chang Po-Jen , Chen Teng-Yu , Lu Ming-Huei , Yeh Hui-Tzu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease with strong infectious power and fatality rate. To protect national health, government agencies have regulations on hospital chaperoning and visiting. This article presents the development and implementation of a monitoring system for hospital visiting and chaperoning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to create a hospital visiting and chaperoning monitor system that uses nation-wide data sources to more accurately screen hospital visitors and chaperones, assist contract tracing, and prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Methods This project was implemented in 57 ward units of an academic medical center. The system was connected to the National Health Insurance (NHI) system and Hospital Information System (HIS), and built on the data of everyone who accessed either the hospital or ward using an NHI smart card or national identification card. To shorten the time for manual identification, we also developed a new system of “app for appointment visits and chaperones” to make appointments online.
Results After the implementation of the system, data from visitors and chaperones in the nursing information system could be accessed. Given that all data were registered in the HIS visiting/chaperoning monitor system, an epidemic investigation could be performed whenever there was a confirmed case.
Conclusion Through the establishment of this system, people entering the ward can be accurately controlled, and all the contacts of potential cases can be traced.
eHealth Literacy of Medical and Health Science Students and Factors Affecting eHealth Literacy in an Ethiopian University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mengestie Nebyu Demeke , Yilma Tesfahun Melese , Beshir Miftah Abdella , Paulos Genet Kiflemariam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background eHealth literacy is individual's ability to look for, understand, and evaluate health information from electronic sources. Integrating eHealth literacy to the health system could help lower health care costs and ensure health equity. Despite its importance, the eHealth literacy level in Ethiopia has not been studied on medical and health science students, who are important parties in the health system. Understanding their level of eHealth literacy augments practice of health care, efficiency in education, and use of eHealth technologies.
Objective This research study aims to determine eHealth literacy level and identify its associated factors among medical and health science students in University of Gondar (UoG).
Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019 among undergraduate medical and health science students in the UoG. Stratified multistage sampling was used. The eHealth literacy scale was used to measure eHealth literacy. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to measure association between eHealth literacy and the independent variables.
Results A total of 801 students participated in this study with a 94.6% of response rate. The majority (60%) were male and previously lived-in urban areas (68%). The mean eHealth literacy score was 28.7 and 60% of the participants possessed high eHealth literacy. Using health-specific Web sites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86–4.33), having higher Internet efficacy (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.56–3.26), perceived usefulness of the Internet (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.95–5.69), medical app use (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.13–2.55), being female (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08–2.22), and being health informatics student (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.149–3.148) affect a high eHealth literacy level.
Conclusion The level of eHealth literacy in this study was moderate. Using specific reputable health Web sites, using smartphone medical applications, and Internet efficacy determine eHealth literacy significantly.
Earnings growth and the wealth distribution
Authors: Sargent Thomas J. , Wang Neng , Yang Jinqiang 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceForces that shape wealth inequality are intermediated through an individual’s nonfinancial earnings growth rategand an equilibrium interest rater. Individuals’ earnings growth rate and survival probability interact with their preferences about consumption plans to determine aggregate savings and the interest rate and make wealth more unequally distributed and have a fatter tail than labor earnings, as in US data.
Crassula helmsii (Australian swamp stonecrop).
Authors: Varia Sonal , Nault Michelle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. helmsii is an aquatic plant that can take on various growth forms depending on prevailing conditions, and is able to act as a submerged, emergent, or semi-terrestrial species. C. helmsii has the ability to form dense stands of 100% cover, which cause many negative environmental and economic impacts including displacing native plant species, reducing biodiversity, decreasing water quality and flow, impeding recreational activities, and diminishing aesthetic value. C. helmsii is extremely difficult and costly to control, and its ability to form new plants vegetatively from small fragments facilitates its spread to new locations. The trade and potential escape of C. helmsii through the aquarium and water garden industry may play a large role in its spread to new locations. In addition, the transportation of this plant on recreational equipment or by wildlife moving between water bodies may also play a role in local spread. C. helmsii is native to Australia and New Zealand, and has established itself as an exotic invasive in many parts of Europe, especially the United Kingdom. C. helmsi is declared a noxious weed in Florida and North Carolina, and although some sources report C. helmsii as occurring in these states (OEPP/EPPO, 2004; 2006), the status of these populations is unknown. C. helmsii is also declared a noxious weed in New Hampshire and Washington (USDA-GRIN, 2002), and is considered a prohibited species in Minnesota (MDNR, 2006) and Wisconsin (WDNR, 2009), though it is not known to occur in these states.
Erionota torus (banana skipper).
Authors: Cock Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

E. torus is primarily of concern as a pest of Musa spp. (banana, plantain). The larvae feed on the leaves and construct a large leaf roll in which they feed, thus causing more damage to the leaf that that of feeding alone. Its indigenous range is from northern India and Southern China to South East mainland Asia. It has spread to Mauritius, southern Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and western India. As an introduced pest it is extremely damaging to Musa spp. but has been brought under effective biological control by the introduction of parasitoids in Mauritius and perhaps Taiwan. Because it has been confused with E. thrax in the past, it has not received the attention it deserves as a potential invasive pest species.
Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root).
Authors: McGrann Graham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Plasmodiophora brassicae is a root-infecting protist pathogen that causes clubroot disease in brassica species. The organism is soil-borne and has long-lived resting spores that can survive in soil for more than 15 years. Local spread of motile zoospores can be facilitated by wet conditions but most dispersal of the pathogen is through the movement of infested soil. P. brassicae has a wide host range in the brassica family including numerous weed species. Control of the disease is difficult but clubroot can be managed by a combination of crop rotation, varietal resistance, improved agronomic practice such as improved drainage and the application of lime of related products to raise pH which can limit the effects of the disease. There are currently no effective fungicides for the widespread control of clubroot. Yield losses range from 10 to 15% but can exceed 50% under disease conducive environmental conditions.
Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle).
Authors:   Australia, CRCNPB
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The elm leaf beetle P. luteola is a serious pest of ornamental elms in most areas where they are grown. This insect is native to southern Europe and was introduced to the USA in the 1800s, but has also reached Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and South America and was recently detected in Australia. It feeds on all species of native and introduced elms, including American (Ulmus americana), English (U. procera), Chinese (U. parvifolia) and Siberian elm (U. pumila). Wu et al. (1991) identified elm leaf beetle as the second most important urban tree pest in the western United States and third most important nationally.
Tomato apical stunt viroid.
Authors: Hammond Rosemarie W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) is a serious pathogen of tomato. Pathways for introduction include tomato seedlings, tomato seeds and ornamentals. If spread to tomato, considerable losses could result. TASVd is spread easily through plant sap, e.g. during pruning and propagation, and there is some evidence of insect transmission in the greenhouse. No symptoms appear on infected ornamental solanaceous plants, but these plants can act as a reservoir for the spread of viroids in tomato production, especially in greenhouse conditions. TASVd outbreaks in tomato are rare although it has occurred in several countries in Asia, Africa and Europe. The economic impact of TASVd in tomato production is not known, but heavy yield losses may result from infection with certain strains. This viroid has not been reported as an invasive species.
Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly).
Authors: Norrbom Allen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. obliqua is the most important fruit fly pest of mango (Mangifera indica) in the Neotropics and attacks a broad range of other fruits. It is widespread in Mexico, Central and South America and the West Indies. It is invasive in the Lesser Antilles and was temporarily established in Key West, Florida, USA. It should be considered a serious threat to other tropical parts of the world, particularly mango-producing regions. It is considered an A1 quarantine pest by EPPO.
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4).
Authors: Curry Claire 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

TR4 is one of only six strains strains of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) that attack Cavendish bananas (AAA genome). It is much more aggressive on Cavendish than SR4. TR4 was first observed in Taiwan in 1989 but its importance as an invasive was identified in the 1990s when it was isolated from damaged Cavendish plants in Indonesia and Malaysia (Buddenhagen, 2009). TR4 is considered one of the most destructive Foc strains because it has a wider host range than other strains, attacking the important cultivar Cavendish, but also all the other cultivars that are sensitive to Foc (Cheng et al., 2019).
Dalbergia sissoo.
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

D. sissoo is a very useful multipurpose tree, extensively planted as single trees or in village woodlots, and in linear or block plantations, in countries of south Asia, particularly Pakistan and India (from the Indus to Assam). It has also been introduced, with varying degrees of success, into mainland South-East Asia, Java and Africa (Soerianegara and Lemmens, 1993). It is a fast-growing gregarious tree which can easily be propagated from seed, seedlings, stumps, and root or shoot cuttings. According to Chaturvedi (1956) "shisham (D. sissoo) is a friend of the farmer, as well as the forester; a tree which pays rich dividends". Economic returns from farmland plantations of this species in Pakistan are moderately high (Siddiqui, 1993).
Influence of segmented grounding electrodes on electrical characteristics in annular surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Jiang Hui , Li Wenhui , Xu Yaozong , Liu Haibo , Tan Jianwen , Shao Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The primary aims of this paper are to provide a better understanding of surface dielectric barrier discharge based on annular geometry and to investigate the effect of segmented grounding electrodes on their electrical and optical properties. To this end, four grounding electrode conditions are considered: 10-segment, 20-segment, and 30-segment ones as the experimental conditions, and an unsegmented (termed 0-segment) one as the control. A great number of current pulses with lower amplitudes are observed under the segmented conditions compared to the 0-segment condition. In the former case, the current pulse number and the peak value are observed to be inversely and directly proportional to the number of segments, respectively. However, the average currents corresponding to the various segmentations are observed to be nearly identical, and each of them is lower than that under the 0-segment condition. Secondly, the discharge uniformity under the 30-segment condition is observed to be better than under the 0-segment condition, because even though the discharge is usually concentrated at covered regions, it spreads spanwise to the adjacent uncovered regions as the number of segments is increased. Consequently, the airflow induced by spanwise-spread plasma extends the effective range of plasma action. Moreover, the Lissajous figures corresponding to the four conditions are ascertained to be approximately parallelogram-shaped. However, the slopes of the discharge phases are dependent on the voltage, as the variations of equivalent capacitance in dark and discharge phases are distinct. A higher amount of power is consumed under the 30-segment condition than under the 0-segment condition, although the maximum transported charge is much lower in the former case. Finally, in the quasi-sinusoidal external electric field distribution induced by the segmented grounding electrode, a slightly lower-than-average electric fields avoid the creation of obvious separated channels, while a moderate peak-to-peak difference of electric field improves the electric field distortions caused by existing micro-discharges. This phenomenon serves as a satisfactory explanation of the differences between the discharge channel developments and the plasma distributions under different conditions. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that the performance of discharge plasma can be improved by arranging the electrodes optimally.