bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a New Projection Approach to Find the Optimal Solution for Nonlinear Systems of Monotone Equation
Authors: Dreeb N. K. , Hashim L. H. , Hashim K. H. , Shiker Mushtak A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are many algorithms are used to solve systems of nonlinear monotone equations with various advantages and disadvantages, including the line search algorithm, trust region algorithm, projection algorithm and others. In this paper we used a new projection algorithm to solve these systems. The projection methods are considered one of the effective free derivative methods to solve systems of nonlinear monotone equations. The framework of this method is that the current iterate is separated strictly from the solution set of the problem in each iteration by a suitable hyperplane which constructs by the new algorithm. Then, in order to determine the new approximation, the current iteration is projected on this hyperplane. The global convergence of the proposed algorithm is proven under standard assumptions. The numerical results showed that the suggested algorithm is very efficiency and promising.
Mathematical Programming Computational for Solving NP-Hardness Problem
Authors: Alridha Ahmed , Al-Jilawi Ahmed Sabah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we will introduce a new approach for solving K-cluster problem which is one of the NP-hardness problem, in combinatorial optimization problems. In addition, P is NP-hardness if and only if the polynomial time of each NP problem is reduced to P. Actually, our study was focused on the two methods which is Penalty and Augmented Lagrangian methods base on the numerical result. Moreover, we tested the K-cluster problem and found the Augmented Lagrangian Method faster than Penalty method. Finally, our research is not just focus on the numerical computational but also improving the theoretical converges properties.
Qausi-Copulas on Orthomodular Lattice
Authors: Al-Adilee Ahmed , Nouri Adel Hashem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the possible mathematical systems to represent non-compatible random events is a quantum logic. In this paper, we propose and illustrate function called quasi-copula on an orthomodular lattice (briefly QO-copula). Also, we compare such function to its classical definition. Finally, we present several relations and calculations that involve QO-copula and its relationship to a function known by s-map, which has firstly been presented by [4].
Development and Characterization of Al-15%Mo Binary Alloys
Authors: Bouhamla Khedidja , Gharbi Amel , Ghelloudj Oualid , Debili Mohamed Yacine , Remili S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, a binary Al-Mo alloy was made from aluminum and molybdenum elementary powder. The carefully homogenized samples were mechanically compacted to obtain a pastille of circular cross section (Φ=15 mm X 10 mm) under a load of 10 tons. Subsequently, the Al-Mo sample was melted in a high-frequency induction melting furnace. The resulting sample was polished and etched with a Keller reagent.
The sample was subjected to metallographic observation on an optical and scanning electron microscope. An EDS analysis was performed on the different areas of the microstructure. A diffraction X-ray characterization was also performed in order to identify the different existing phases. This study showed that the studied alloy presents a microstructure with needle-like and plate-like precipitations of different sizes homogeneously distributed and randomly oriented. The EDS microanalysis showed the presence of the Al-5Mo phase and an alpha aluminum matrix with a proportion of molybdenum. X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of several AL-Mo phases’ namely alpha aluminum, molybdenum, Al12Mo, Al8Mo3 and Al3Mo.
Effect of Austenitizing Temperature on The Structural Evolution of Hot Forged Steel Grinding Balls
Authors: Bouhamla K. , Gharbi A. , Ghelloudj O. , Mebrek A. , Chouchane T. , Remili S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the influence of heat treatment temperature on the microstructural changes that may occur in an XC38 forged steel grinding ball. Three austenitizing temperatures (870°C, 950°C and 1150°C) were used and a tempering at 250 °C followed by air cooling was carried out. Optical and scanning electron microscopies, as well as X-ray diffraction, were performed to investigate the microstructure and phase of the different samples. Microstructural analysis using the Rietveld method was conducted to access, for each temperature, the type and proportion of phases as well as crystallites size and microstrain. The obtained results were compared to those recorded on as forged steel. The effect brought by the variation of the austenitization temperature was well highlighted by the obtained results. The nature and proportion of microstructural phases were significantly affected by the increase of the austenitization temperature which was in favour of the increase of martensite content in a mixed microstructure consisting of bainite and martensite. A rising amount of martensite is noticed, with the increase of temperature, at the expense of the bainite content. An effect was also noticed on phase’s proportions, microstructural parameters, crystallites size and mircostrain.
Efficient Method for Solving Fourth Order PDEs
Authors: Tawfiq L. N. M. , Ibrahim Abed A. Q. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the article is to implement the LA Transform with HPM to solve the 4th order non-linear PDEs arising in mathematical physics and astrophysics. This method is based on a combination of LA Transformation with HPM without any discretization or restrictive assumptions. Some well-known 4th order non-linear PDEs are solved as illustrative examples to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and easy implementation of this technique.
Solar Cells Stimulated by Pigments Extracted from Natural Flowers
Authors: Mohamed Alaa Mahdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, the film of solar panels had been prepared from three organic pigments extracted from the Rosy and Yellow gori flowers and from the violet flowers, by a method of converting the leaves of these flowers into powder in a powdery form, in the laboratory at room temperature, as luminescent solar concentrators to improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells. The transmittance and absorption for this pigments extracts are very good, it has an ability to absorb a high quantity from the sun light, and the results show considerable contribution of the panel and thin film to enhance the efficiency of the solar cell. So, through present work, measurement were carried out for the concentration of solvent for each of the three pigments extracts, considering the concentration for each pigment is constant. It was found that mixing between the three extracted pigments was the best, as it gave a higher absorbency and permeability, and that is what also have been found with the thin film prepared from the mixed pigments. As it gave a clear and high increase in the efficiency of the solar cell with a small thickness, and this calls for the use of mixed pigment solutions as a layer of dye solar cells.
Detection of Harmful Metal Elements in Rice Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Salloom Hussein T. , Hamad Tagreed K. , Mohammed Alyaa H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Transportation of toxic elements from air, water and soil is the main reason for agriculture crops pollution. Therefore, fast detection of heavy metals is very important for ensuring the quality and safety of crops. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), coupled with univariate and multivariate analysis, was applied for quantitative analysis of Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd in twelve kinds of rice available in local markets. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples were achieved by using the locally developed LIBS set up equipped with Q-switched Nd: YAG laser and optical spectrum analyzer. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used not only to validate the analysis results but also to establish the essential calibration curves. Distribution pattern of detected metals and possible contamination sources were analyzed by radar plot and multivariate statistics including PCA. In this study, harmful metals have been analyzed in all samples. The average content for harmful metals were 0.040 mg/kg for chromium (VI), 0.051 mg/kg for lead, and 0.041 mg/kg for copper and 0.043 mg/kg for cadmium.
Investigation of Structural and Dielectric Properties of (Polymer Blend/Oxides Nanoparticles) for Pressure Sensors
Authors: Jalil Hussien Huda Abdul , Kadhim Raheem G. , Hashim Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to fabricate (polyethylene oxide-polyvinyl pyrrolidone) blend and (poly (ethylene oxide-polyvinyl pyrrolidone-cerium dioxide nanoparticles-manganese dioxide nanoparticles) nanocomposites have been investigated for a pressure sensor. The nanocomposites(NCs) are prepared for different concentrations of polymer blend, cerium dioxide nanoparticles, and manganese dioxide nanoparticles. The electrical properties (dielectricconstant, dielectricloss and A.C electrical conductivity) of (PEO-PVP-CeO2-MnO2)nanocomposites have been studied. The dielectric properties of nanocomposites are examined in the frequency range (100 Hz–5×106 Hz). The experimental results displayed that dielectricconstant, and dielectricloss rise with an increase of the weight percentages of manganese dioxidenanoparticles. The dielectricconstant and dielectriclosses reduce as the frequency increases. The AC electrical conductivity has a high value as the weight percentages of manganese dioxidenanoparticles and the frequency increases. The nanocomposites were examined for the pressure sensors application in the pressure range (80–160) bar. The results showed that the electric capacitance of NCs samples is increased as the pressure increases. Also, the electric capacitance of nanocomposites increases with an increase in the weight percentages of manganese dioxide nanoparticles. Finally, the results showed that the (PEO-PVP-CeO2-MnO2) nanocomposites have a high sensitivity to the pressure.
Te-Comonoform Modules
Authors: Hadi Inaam, M. A. , Elewi Alaa A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the concept of te-comonoform modules is introduced, where an R-module U is called te-comonoform if for each paper submodule V of U and for each f ≠ 0,

f
∈
Hom
⁡

(
U
,

U

V

)

, f(U) ≤
t
e
s

U/V. Many properties related with this concept are given. Moreover many connections between this concept and certain modules are presented.
One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanoparticles Using Chemical Reaction
Authors: Al-Janabi Noora , Al-Nafiey Amer K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rGO-Ag NPs nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by one-step with a chemical reduction method. This method’s characteristics by three points are easy, short time does not exceed three mint and one-step. The rGO-AgNPs nanocomposite was analyzed with a (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. Fourier Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy EDX. The results have shown the graphene oxide has been reduced as confirmed by UV-VIS, FTIR, and XRD, and the AFM, SEM analysis confirmed the presence of silver particles in nanoscale and anchored on the reduced graphene oxide sheets with high density and homogenous.
Detection of Image Forgery Using Information Standard Method With SVM
Authors: Mohammed Alyaa Hashem , Badr Duraid Hussein , Ali Fathala 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Depending on various features, image forgery is now used to enhance and restore images to make them more significant, whereas image forgery is performed by vulnerable people to generate fake truths by tampering images. From large (image) databases, a specified number of images forgery, new mechanism will have implemented to detect systems which is mainly based on two procedures. The first procedure relies on extract features of image through filters (LBP, Gabor, PCA and DCT) to find out its efficiency evaluated using some Statistics Measurements(Mean, Variance) and the second procedure relies on several quality metrics in optimization processes which (PSNR, MSE, AIC) have been calculated to which results in better quality compared to other image by combining selected filters with SVM, and, through experimental test, it was found that this proposed method of detect forgery technique is powerful than the classical detect system. The proposed methodology gives the better accuracy up to 98.5%, to detect and extract all type of forgery, with image enhancement capabilities.
J-semi regular modules
Authors: Turki Lewaa R. , Khalid Wasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let R be a ring with identity and let M be a left R-module. M is called J-semiregular module if every cyclic submodule of M is J-lying over a projective summand of M, The aim of this paper is to introduce properties of J-semiregular module Especially, we give characterizations of J-semiregular module. On the other hand, the notion of J-semi hollow modules is studied as a generalization of semi hollow modules, finally F-J-semiregular modules is studied as a generalization of F-semiregular modules.
Performance Analysis of a novel Fusion Adder/Subtractor design
Authors: Prathap Joseph Anthony , Nithya R. , Jegadeeshwari P. , Kasilingam Gowrishankar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel fusion 1bit Adder/Subtractor design using the CMOS transistor. The proposed novel fusion 1 bit Adder/Subtractor is utilized in the design of parallel adder/subtractor with the resolution upto 27 bits. Though there are several design technologies like static CMOS logic, Dynamic CMOS, CPL, Transmission Gate Array, the proposed Fusion Design is advantageous for minimized chip area, low power consumption and high speed of operation. In this work, two circuit topologies are proposed by utilizing the 8T and 12T XOR CMOS design for the novel Fusion Adder/Subtractor. This paper compares the parametric values of power, delay and area with the existing methods. The proposed design is developed using the Cadence Virtuoso Tool with the technology of 45 nm. The proposed fusion design exhibits low power and delay as the resolution of the design is increased. Also the chip area is 0.3138µm2 for the 28T FAS circuit and 0.165 µm2 for the proposed 24T FAS circuit.
Corryvreckan: a modular 4D track reconstruction and analysis software for test beam data
Authors: Dannheim D. , Dort K. , Huth L. , Hynds D. , Kremastiotis I. , Kröger J. , Munker M. , Pitters F. , Schütze P. , Spannagel S. , Vanat T. , Williams M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Corryvreckan is a versatile, highly configurable software with a modular structure designed to reconstruct and analyse test beam and laboratory data.
It caters to the needs of the test beam community by providing a flexible offline event building facility to combine detectors with different readout schemes, with or without trigger information, and includes the possibility to correlate data from multiple devices based on timestamps.

Hit timing information, available with high precision from an increasing number of detectors, can be used in clustering and tracking to reduce combinatorics.
Several algorithms, including an implementation of Millepede-II, are provided for offline alignment.
A graphical user interface enables direct monitoring of the reconstruction progress and can be employed for quasi-online monitoring during data taking.

This work introduces the Corryvreckan framework architecture and user interface, and provides a detailed overview of the event building algorithm.
The reconstruction and analysis capabilities are demonstrated with data recorded at the DESY II Test Beam Facility using the EUDAQ2 data acquisition framework with an EUDET-type beam telescope, a Timepix3 timing reference, a fine-pitch planar silicon sensor with CLICpix2 readout and the AIDA Trigger Logic Unit.
The individual steps of the reconstruction chain are presented in detail.
A humidity-based exposure index representing ozone damage effects on vegetation
Authors: Gong Cheng , Yue Xu , Liao Hong , Ma Yimian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is detrimental to plant health. Traditional exposure indexes, such as accumulated hourly O3 concentrations over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40), are easy to be derived and widely used to assess O3 damage effects on vegetation. However, the regulation of environmental stresses on O3 stomatal uptake is ignored. In comparison, the dose-based indexes are much more reasonable but require complex parameterization that hinders further applications. Here, we propose a new humidity-based index (O3RH) representing O3 damage effects on vegetation, which can be simply derived using ground-level O3 and relative humidity (RH). Compared with O3 damages to gross primary productivity (GPPd) derived from a process-based scheme over May to October in 2015–2018, the O3RH index shows spatial correlations of 0.59 in China, 0.62 in U.S., and 0.58 (P< 0.01) in Europe, much higher than the correlations of 0.16, −0.22, and 0.24 (P< 0.01) for AOT40. Meanwhile, the O3RH index shows temporal correlations of 0.73 in China, 0.82 in U.S, and 0.81 (P< 0.01) in Europe with GPPd, again higher than the correlations of 0.50, 0.67, and 0.79 (P< 0.01) for AOT40. Analyses of O3RH reveal relatively stable trend of O3 vegetation damages in eastern U.S. and western Europe, despite the long-term reductions in local O3 pollution levels. Our study suggests the substitution of traditional exposure-based indexes such as AOT40 with O3RH for more reasonable assessments of O3 ecological effects.
Generalization of the Einstein coefficients and rate equations under the quantum Rabi oscillation
Authors: Islam Najirul , Biswas Shyamal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We have generalized Einstein coefficients and rate equations from quantum field theoretic point of view by bringing the fundamental processes and the quantum Rabi oscillation in a single footing for the light–matter interactions for nonzero Rabi frequency. We have analytically obtained multimode Jaynes–Cummings model results for the quantum Rabi oscillation of a two-level system in a lossy resonant cavity containing (i) thermal photons and (ii) injected photons of a coherent field. We have renormalized the coupling constant for the light–matter interactions for these cases. Our results match well with the seminal experimental data obtained in this regard by Brune et al (1996 Phys. Rev. Lett.
76 1800). We also have studied the population dynamics in this regard by applying the generalized Einstein rate equations.
Coastal erosion in Vietnam: Case studies and implication for integrated coastal zone management in the Vietnamese south-central coastline
Authors: Lin T Y , Onselen V M Van , Vo L P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Vietnam is a country that is heavily affected by global climate change, with the coastal zone and low-lying river deltas being especially vulnerable. The coastal zone has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, as coastal tourism and other social-economic developments and industries all seek fortune and exploit resources in this area. Along with this rapid economic growth, the coastal zone has suffered severe impacts of both human activities and global climate change, resulting in an increasing number of coastal hazards, such as typhoons, floods, saline intrusion, and coastal erosion. The purpose of this paper is to identify natural and human factors that affect coastal erosion through case studies in the south-central coastline. Measures for minimizing threats to both socio-economic activities and the surrounding natural environments are brought forward, in which integrated coastal zone management approach plays a key role. In addition to addressing the issues and potential management strategies, selected coastal areas in Vietnam characterized by severe coastal erosion are studied in terms of coastline dynamics, changing beach morphologies and coastal engineering structures through on-site measurements and aerial images. Seasonal variations and changing beach morphologies after the construction of coastal engineering works are clearly visible.
A study on the optimization of photocatalytic removal of enrofloxacin using TiO2 material
Authors: Tien Nguyen Thi Cam , Huyen Trinh Thi Bich , Hien Lam Pham Thanh , Huy Nguyen Nhat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, antibiotics are used with increasing frequency to meet the needs of human life. The excretion of humans and animals in the livestock industry into the environment generates emerging pollutants with a potentially high risk for cancer, antibiotic resistance, and ecological imbalance. Among strategy for antibiotic removal, advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis using TiO2 material is a promising technology. This study is aimed to optimize the operational factors for removing enrofloxacin from water using TiO2 photocatalyst under UV-A irradiation. The experiments were designed with 30 experiments and 6 center repetitions to test the effects of initial enrofloxacin concentration, catalyst dosage, reaction time, and solution pH on the treatment performance. An optimal condition was found at the catalytic dosage of 1.0811 g/L, the initial enrofloxacin concentration of 21.405 mg/L, pH 5.946, and the reaction time of 120 min. Under these conditions, the enrofloxacin was almost eliminated. It can be concluded that the photocatalysis with TiO2 is fully capable of thoroughly treating enrofloxacin in water.
Assessing the risk of land use change in the centre of the Ba river basin, Vietnam
Authors: Tham Han T N , Nguyen Duoc T , Pham Thy T M , Nguyen Huong T T , Lam Nguyen D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Land use/land cover (LULC) changes may lead to vulnerable land resource and imbalanced ecosystem. This paper aimed to identify the change of LULC in the center of the Ba river basin. As well, the risk of land use change (LUC) was assessed based on remote sensing data and Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the areas where LULC can modify with varying degrees. The LULC and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data processed from Landsat images on Google Earth Engine platform were overlayed to create a zoning map of LUC risk levels in dry season of 2010 and 2020. Over 10 years, the largest increased area was bare land with a growth of 4.98%; whereas the most reduced area was shrub with a decrease of 4.21%. Forest area accounted for the highest proportion of the whole area. LULC classes and NDVI values were assigned different risk weightages to produce the risk distribution map of LUC levels and susceptible areas. The results revealed the most risk zones (High and Very high) constituted more than 50% and stayed steadily from 2010 to 2020, in which shrub areas were partially transformed to bare land or agricultural land due to economic development.
Web Gis and Remote Sensing Solutions for Monitoring and Thematic Mapping in the Mekong Delta Region
Authors: Trung Le Van , Lam Le Ngoc , Tam Dao Minh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
GIS and Remote Sensing technology had been widely applied in Viet Nam. However, research orientation and development of Web GIS and Remote Sensing solutions for regional management approach also indicates many difficulties and challenges. This paper aims to introduce Web GIS and Remote sensing solutions that can be used in monitoring salinity intrusion and land cover mapping to support the implementation of sustainable development strategy of the Mekong Delta region. The experimental results show the online mapping applications based on Landsat images open a new way that can be effectively applied in monitoring salinity intrusion in river network, updating the status of land cover changes and analysing the trend of forest-cover changes in this region. Results of this study also illustrate the suitable technology available to support regional organizations to create thematic maps in monitoring and managing the natural resources and environment of provinces/cities that can achieve high accuracy and save time.