bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Changes in Life Outcomes over the Pandemic in Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Resilience and Relation to Mental Health
Authors: Li Jian-Bin , Dou Kai , Liu Zi-Hao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Although the existing literature has well documented the negative effects of COVID-19 on multiple life outcomes in adolescents, some research has also revealed that some life outcomes have become better during COVID-19. Scant research has specifically examined to what extent and in what aspects COVID-19 is beneficial to adolescent development so far. With person-centered approach, this research addressed this gap by: (1) exploring different profiles of positive changes in life outcomes in Chinese adolescents since the outbreak of COVID-19; (2) examining the role of resilience in relation to different profiles; (3) comparing mental health across adolescents categorized into different profiles.
Method

Participants were 2,567 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 24. They rated how much their lives of different domains had experienced positive changes since the outbreak of the pandemic. They also answered the questionnaires that measured their resilience and mental health.
Results

Results of latent profile analysis revealed three different profiles: limited positive changes (33.3%), partial positive changes (49.5%), and overall strong positive changes (17.2%). Moreover, adolescents with a higher level of resilience were more likely to be categorized into the partial positive changes profile compared to the limited positive changes profile and into the overall strong positive changes profile compared to the other two profiles, after controlling for the covariates. Finally, adolescents in the overall strong positive changes profile had better mental health than their counterparts in the other two profiles.
Conclusion

COVID-19 might be helpful to adolescent development to some extent, especially for those with higher resilience.
The Clinicopathological Features and Unusual Immunophenotype of Primary Tracheobronchial Granular Cell Tumors
Authors: Wan Ying , Zhang Ying , Pang Zhongguo , Lu Changli , Jiang Lili 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrimary tracheobronchial granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare. The characteristics of these tumors are unclear, and they are easily misdiagnosed. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and immunophenotype profile of these tumors of the tracheobronchial tree.MethodsFour patients were treated for GCTs of the tracheobronchial tree at our institution during 2009–2020. The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings were performed in all cases. In addition, seven typical GCTs involving the subcutaneous tissues (4/7) and esophagus (3/7) were also selected as control groups to evaluate the differences in IHC characteristics in different locations. Fisher’s exact test was adopted in analysis of categorical data.ResultsThere were four patients, two females and two males, aged 15, 22, 45 and 52. Three tracheobronchial tumors were solitary with a range from 2.0 to 3.1 cm (mean, 2.6 cm) in its large axis, while one sample was multiple. Chest computed tomography (CT) often suggested lung infectious lesions. On histopathology, three samples were typical GCTs, and the other sample was atypical with a fusiform or spindled morphology. All tumor cells stained positive for S100 protein, CD68, and Nestin and negative for Inhibin-α and thyroid transcription factor-1（TTF-1）. The Ki-67 index was less than 5%. Tracheobronchial GCTs exhibited occasional focal and weakly positive transcription factor E3 (TFE3) staining and had a lower ratio than those in other sites, while calretinin showed predominant subcutaneous expression. Two patients treated with tumor resection and the others only performed an endoscopic biopsy. Follow-up period ranged from 24 to 68 months with a mean of 42 months.ConclusionsPrimary tracheobronchial GCTs are rare and are often mimics pneumonia, which have a good prognosis even without surgical resections. Tracheobronchial GCTs had an unusual immunophenotype of TFE3 expression compared with other sites. This result may reflect a site-specific phenomenon distinguishing GCTs of the tracheobronchial tree.
Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Some Sites in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ilori Abidemi O , Unufi Iniobong Uloh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Liquefaction potential analysis were carried out for some locations within Uyo metropolis, Akwa- Ibom state, Southeastern Nigeria using mostly cone penetration test data. The dominant soil is the Coastal Plain Sands. Unified Soil Classification System places soil within 20 m depth in the clayey sand (SC), silty sand(SM), poorly graded sand(SP) and dual combination of the three, namely SC-SM, SM-SP. Factor of safety(FS) was calculated for potential earth tremors with 7.5 and 4.5 moment magnitude and a peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.16g. Other than the first layer in some the sites in which values of FS is greater than 1.0, the factors of safety for the 7.5 magnitude for all depth up to 20.0 m are less than one. For the 4.5 moment magnitude, the FS is less than 1.0 in some layers and greater than 1.0 in others. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) values for the sites range from 0 to 26.65, this places the level of liquefaction severity for all the sites in the ‘very low’ to ‘very high’ category based on level of severity classification. Potential settlement of the liquefiable layers estimated at the sites ranges from 8.38 cm to 58.48 cm. Settlement values were used to correlate liquefaction zones. Liquefaction potential index has a coefficient of correlation of 0.54 with settlement values.
Neutralizing antibody-independent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters and human ACE-2 transgenic mice immunized with a RBD/Nucleocapsid fusion protein
Authors: Gazzinelli Ricardo , de Castro Julia Teixeira , Fumagalli Marcilio , Hojo-Souza Natalia , Azevedo Patrick , Salazar Natalia , Rattis Bruna , Ramos Simone , Faustino Lidia , Almeida Gregorio , Oliveira Livia , Marçal Tomas , Augusto Marconi , Magalhaes Rubens , Cassaro Bruno , Burle-Caldas Gabriela , Doro Daniel , Kalil Jorge , Durigon Edson , Salazar Andres , Caballero Otávia , Machado Alexandre , Silva Joao S. , Fonseca Flávio , Fernandes Ana Paula , Teixeira Santuza , Gazzinelli Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike (S) proteins elicit robust antibody and T cell responses either in vaccinated or COVID-19 convalescent individuals. We generated a chimeric protein that comprises the sequences of RBD from S and N antigens (SpiN). SpiN was highly immunogenic and elicited a strong IFNγ response from T cells and high levels of antibodies to the inactivated virus, but no neutralizing antibodies (nAb). Importantly, hamsters and the human Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme-2-transgenic mice immunized with SpiN were highly resistant to challenge with the wild type SARS-CoV-2, as indicated by viral load, clinical outcome, lung inflammation and lethality. This protective immunity was dependent of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, but not by transfer of antibody of vaccinated mice. Thus, our experiment provides an example T cell-mediated immunity and reinforce the concept that T cell target antigens other that the S protein maybe considered to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and eventually circumvent the immune scape by variants.
Early Intensive Physical and Respiratory Therapy after Emergency Abdominal Surgery: Pilot Phase of the Incidence of Complications Following Emergency Abdominal Surgery Get Exercising (ICEAGE) Randomised Controlled Trial.
Authors: Boden Ianthe , Sullivan Kate , Hackett Claire , Winzer Brooke , Hwang Rita , Story David , Denehy Linda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: After emergency abdominal surgery, patients are at significantly greater risk of delayed physical recovery and developing a pulmonary complication compared to patients having the equivalent elective procedure. No randomised controlled trial has assessed the feasibility, safety, or effectiveness of intensive postoperative physiotherapy in this high-risk acute population. Methods: The internal pilot phase of the Incidence of Complications after Emergency Abdominal surgery Get Exercising (ICEAGE) trial was a prospective, parallel-group, single-centre, active-placebo controlled, randomised trial that evaluated the feasibility, safety, and clinical trial processes of providing early intensive physiotherapy following emergency abdominal surgery, prior to rolling into a planned multicentre efficacy phase. The internal pilot phase of ICEAGE recruited fifty consecutive patients having emergency abdominal surgery at the principal participating hospital. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to standard-care physiotherapy (single session of education and coached breathing exercises plus daily assisted ambulation for 15-minutes) or intensive physiotherapy (unlimited education, twice daily coached breathing exercises for two days, and 30-minutes of daily supervised rehabilitation over the first five postoperative days). Results: Interventions were successfully provided as per-protocol in 35% (78/221) of planned treatment sessions. Primary barriers to protocol delivery were physiotherapist unavailability on weekends (59/221 (27%)), awaiting patient consent (18/99 (18%)), and patient fatigue (26/221 (12%)). Despite these inhibitors to treatment delivery, the intervention group received twice as many breathing exercise sessions and four-fold the total duration of assisted exercise over the first five postoperative days (86 minutes (IQR 53 – 121) versus 23 minutes (IQR 12 – 29), p<0.001). One adverse event was reported from 78 supervised physical activity sessions (1.3%) which resolved fully on cessation of activity without the need for escalation of medical care.Conclusions: Intensive postoperative physiotherapy was safely delivered within a randomised controlled trial environment and resulted in significantly more coached breathing exercises and greater time spent physically active over the first five days after emergency abdominal surgery. The multicentre phase of ICEAGE conducted within a pragmatic and widely generalisable clinical environment will provide inaugural evidence on the effectiveness of intensive physiotherapy to prevent pulmonary complications and improve physical recovery after emergency abdominal surgery.Trial registration: ANZCTRN 12615000318583. Prospectively registered 8th April 2015.
A quick and simple spectrophotometric method to determine total carbon concentrations in root exudation samples
Authors: Oburger Eva , Wenzel Walter , Santangeli Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PurposeRoot exudates are key components driving belowground interaction between plant, microbes and soil. While high-end analytical approaches provide advanced insights into exudate metabolite diversity, the amount of total carbon (C) released by roots is the most basic parameter that should always be measured when characterizing root exudation as it (i) provides quantitative information of C exuded into the surrounding soil and (ii) allows to relate the abundance of individual exudate compounds to total C released. Here we propose a simple and quick, spectrophotometry-based method to quantify total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in exudation samples that is based on measuring the absorption of a pre-filtered but otherwise untreated exudate sample at 260 nm.MethodExudate samples collected from different species and experimental approaches were analysed with our DOC assay and results were compared with C concentrations obtained by liquid TOC-analyser, demonstrating the suitability of our method.ConclusionOur method will facilitate quick and inexpensive measurements and thus increase our understanding of root exudation and related rhizosphere processes.
Impact of a Spatial Repellent (SR) product on Anopheles and non-Anopheles mosquitoes in Sumba, Indonesia
Authors: Permana Dendi Hadi , Zubaidah Siti , Syahrani Lepa , Asih Puji Budi Setia , Syafruddin Din , Rozi Ismail Ekoprayitno , Hidayati Anggi Puspa Nur , Kosasih Sully , Dewayanti Farahana Kresno , Rachmawati Nia , Risandi Rifqi , Bangs Michael J , Bøgh Claus , Davidson Jenna R , Hendershot Allison , Burton Timothy , Grieco John P , Eugenio Evercita Cuevas , Liu Fang , Achee Nicole L , Lobo Neil Francis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia, contributed to 5% of malaria cases nationally in 2020, with other mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and filariasis also being endemic. Monitoring of spatial and temporal vector species compositions and bionomic traits is an efficient method for generating evidence towards intervention strategy optimization and meeting disease elimination goals. MethodsThe impact of a spatial repellent (SR) on human biting mosquitoes was evaluated as part of a parent cluster-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. A ten-month (June 2015–March 2016) baseline study was followed by a 24-month intervention period (April 2016 to April 2018) - where half the clusters were randomly assigned either a passive transfluthrin emanator or a placebo control. ResultsHuman-landing mosquito catches documented a reduction in landing rates related to the SR. Overall, there was a 16.4% reduction (21% indoors, and 11.3% outdoors) in human biting rates (HBR) for Anopheles. For Aedes, there was a 44.3% HBR reduction indoors and a 35.6% reduction outdoors. This reduction was 38.3% indoors and 39.1% outdoors for Armigeres, and 36.0% indoors and 32.3% outdoors for Culex species. Intervention impacts on the HBRs were not significant and are attributed to large inter-household and inter cluster variation. Anopheles flavirostris, An. balabacensis and An. maculatus individually impacted the overall malaria infections hazard rate with statistically significance. Though there was SR-based protection against malaria for all Anopheles species (except An. sundaicus s.l.), only five (An. aconitus, An. kochi, An. maculatus, An. tessellatus and An. sundaicus s.l.) demonstrated statistical significance. The SR numerically reduced Anopheles parity rates indoors and outdoors when compared to the placebo. ConclusionEvidence demonstrating that Anopheles vectors bite both indoors and outdoors indicates that currently implemented indoor-based vector control tools may not be sufficient to eliminate malaria. The documented impact of the SR intervention on Aedes, Armigeres and Culex species points to its importance in combatting other vector borne diseases. Studies to determine the impact of spatial repellents on other mosquito-borne diseases is recommended.
Distinct evolution of infection-enhancing and neutralizing epitopes in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, lambda and mu) : a structural and molecular epidemiology study
Authors: GUERIN Patrick , YAHI Nouara , AZZAZ Fodil , CHAHINIAN Henri , SABATIER Jean-Marc , FANTINI Jacques 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives. The efficiency of Covid-19 vaccination is determined by cellular and humoral immune responses, and for the latter, by the balance between neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies. Here we analyzed the evolution of neutralizing and facilitating epitopes in the spike protein among SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods. Amino acid alignments were performed on 929,203 spike sequences over the 4 last months. Molecular modeling studies of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and rod-like regions of the spike protein were performed on a representative panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants that were structurally compared with the original Wuhan strain. Results. D614, which belongs to an antibody-dependent-enhancement (ADE) epitope common to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly mutated to D614G in the first months of 2020, explaining why ADE has not been detected following mass vaccination. We show that this epitope is conformationally linked to the main ADE epitope of the SARS-CoV-2 NTD which is highly conserved among most variants. In contrast, the neutralizing epitope of the NTD showed extensive variations in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conclusions. This molecular epidemiology study coupled with structural analysis of the spike protein indicates that the balance between facilitating and neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated people is in favor of neutralization for the Wuhan strain,alpha and beta variants, but not for gamma, delta, lambda and mu. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has dramatically affected the ADE/neutralization balance which is nowadays in favor of ADE. Future vaccines should consider these data to design new formulations adapted to SARS-CoV-2 variants and lacking ADE epitopes in the spike protein.
Age- and sex-specific modifiable risk factor profiles of dementia: evidence from the UK Biobank
Authors: Chen Hui , Cao Yaying , Ma Yuan , Zong Geng , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: To inform targeted preventive strategies of dementia, systematic investigation in its age- and sex-specific modifiable risk factor profiles in the general adult population is warranted.Methods: We used data of 372,867 adults free from dementia at baseline (2006-2010) in the UK Biobank, and followed them up until March 2021. We assigned participants into five groups according to their age and into two groups according to their sex. We estimated the age- and sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazard models and calculated the corresponding population attributable fractions (PAFs) for dementia attributable to three major categories of modifiable risk factors, including socioeconomic (low education level, high Townsend deprivation index), lifestyle (non-moderate alcohol intake, current smoking, suboptimal diet, non-regular physical exercise, and sleep duration <=6 or >=8 hrs/d), and health condition (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and depressive symptom) risk factors.Findings: During 4,338,030 person-years of follow-up, 113, 146, 360, 1,087, and 2,002 of participants across five increasing age groups (40-<50, 50-<55, 55-<60, 60-<65, or >=65 y), respectively, were newly diagnosed with dementia. Five out of eleven modifiable risk factors showed significantly stronger associations with dementia among younger adults than in relatively older adults (P-interactions < 0.05), including non-moderate alcohol intake (HR [95% confidence interval, CI]=1.90 [1.35, 2.68] for participants 50-<55 y vs. 1.22 [1.11, 1.35] for participants > 65 y), suboptimal diet (1.86 [1.26, 2.74] for participants 40-< 50 y vs. 0.96 [0.86, 1.06] for participants > 65 y), hypertension (1.52 [0.96, 2.42] vs. 1.08 [0.99, 1.19]), CVD (4.20 [2.15, 8.22] vs. 1.64 [1.45, 1.85]), and diabetes (3.09 [1.60, 6.00] vs. 1.73 [1.51, 2.00]). We observed no significant difference in dementia risk factor profiles between women and men. Dementia cases attributable to three categories of risk factors all decreased with age, with the PAFs (95% CI) for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health condition risk factors being 52.56% (22.98%, 82.15%), 46.57% (8.08%, 85.06%), and 35.42% (24.09%, 46.75%) for participants aged 40-<50 y, and 12.29% (3.82%, 20.75%), 13.01% (2.53%, 23.49%), and 15.85% (11.81%, 19.90%) for those over 65 y.Interpretation: This study identified stronger association and greater attributable risk of several modifiable risk factors for dementia among younger adults, underscoring the importance of preventive strategies from an earlier age across adult life course to reduce the risk of dementia.
Measle Outbreak investigation, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Badeso Mohammed Hasen , Kebata Shukuri , Merhaba Kibatu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Measles is still an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality even in developed countries. It is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths among young children. The Bale zone reported a measle outbreak on 1/15/2019. This study was conducted to describe the magnitude of the measle outbreak in the Bale Zone.
Methods

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from September 20 to November 15, 2019, by reviewing the line lists of the cases. We checked the data for completeness and analyzed using epi-info version 7 and Microsoft Office Excel 2016.
Results

A total of 2753 measle cases with attack rate (AR) 201per 100,000 population and 7 death (0.25% case fatality rate) were reported during this confirmed outbreak (all five samples positive for measle IgM test). Males (0.21%) and females (0.19%) were almost equally affected. The AR was 736 per 100,000 population among 9months-4years age groups followed by an age group less than 9months (682 per 100,000 population). Most of the cases were unvaccinated (74.9%).
Conclusion

The majority of the cases were unvaccinated and 9months to 4years followed by less than 9months of age groups. We recommend strengthening the routine immunization and surveillance to prevent the occurrence of the measle outbreak.
Ant diversity and abundance in pasture system and two agricultural land uses in the Rashad district, Southern Sudan
Authors: Eisawi Khalid A. E. , Subedi Indra Prasad , Abdalla Omer M. , He Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The most common ecological consequence of biodiversity loss is a reduction in ecosystem functions. These responses, however, vary depending on the type of land-use change and the ecological setting. This study investigated the impact of land-use type and ecosystem functions on the ant assemblage of Rashad district, Sudan. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to evaluate the composition and structure of the ant assembly in the station, as well as to determine the trophic guilds and functional groups and their spatial variation in three different land uses. Furthermore, based on the type of land use to determine how the conversion of native vegetation affects the richness and composition of ant species. In each location, we sampled three 20-meter-long transects (Sample plot). Each sample plot consisted of a grid of 12 pitfall traps arranged in three rows of four traps each, with a 2 m spacing between them, replicated six times in a single year. We collected 38 ant species from four subfamilies and 17 genera. Parasyscia lamborni was the most abundant species followed by Bothroponera crassa. Ant diversity was higher in Soy monoculture and Organic farming than in the Pasture. The frequency distributions of ant Functional groups in Soy monoculture and Organic farming were significantly different from the frequency distributions in the pasture. The omnivorous and predator’s trophic guilds were the best represented and regarding functional groups. We found a high proportion of tropical climate specialists and Myrmicinae generalists. These findings suggest that Pasture Activation reduces ant diversity. It can also help to increase the population of species with a diverse diet that predominate in areas where stress and disturbance prevent other ants from reproducing.