bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaningfulness among frail older adults receiving home-based care in Finland
Authors: Hemberg Jessica , Näsman Marina , Nyqvist Fredrica 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Meaningfulness is a fundamental aspect in the promotion of frail older adults’ health and well-being. From a salutogenic point of view, meaningfulness is a vital component of a sense of coherence (SOC), since having a strong SOC aids toward assembling the resources needed to cope with stressors and manage tensions with success. In order to respond to the challenges of population aging and the need to enable frail older adults to live at home for as long as possible, it is important to explore their meaningfulness in the context of home-based care. A salutogenic framework was used to study meaningfulness. The aim was to explore what promotes meaningfulness among frail older adults. The study uses a hermeneutical approach and has a qualitative design. In total, 17 frail older adults were interviewed. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The results uncovered four themes that the respondents considered important in enhancing meaningfulness in daily life: home care personnel, outdoor activities and green spaces, cultural activities and spirituality. Our study revealed the important role of home care personnel as a resource in promoting meaningfulness in the context of home-based care. Hence, this group should be given sufficient resources, knowledge and competence for enabling meaningfulness and thus a SOC amongst frail older adults.
Co-occurring Environmental Stressors have Emerging Impacts on Sensory-Motor Behavior
Authors: Suriyampola Piyumika S , Lopez Melissa , Suárez-Rodríguez Monserrat , Ellsworth Brontë E , Conroy-Ben Otakuye , Martins Emília P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities often lead to alterations in the natural environment via multiple routes. Simultaneous occurrence of interacting environmental perturbations may influence animals via more complex pathways than when being exposed to environmental stressors discretely. In our study, we investigated the interactive effects of poor visual environment and exposure to an environmentally realistic concentration of a common contaminant on the behavior of larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Specifically, we tested the sensory-motor behavior of zebrafish larvae by exposing them to low-light conditions and a low concentration of bisphenol-A (BPA) for 7 days postfertilization. We found that zebrafish exposed to both BPA and low-light conditions had significantly weaker response to a moving-visual cue. However, those exposed to only one of these treatments did not have altered response to visual cues. Since the response to a moving, visual cue involves locomotion, we also examined the distance they traveled as a proxy for activity level of individuals across treatments. However, the distance traveled by individuals did not significantly differ across treatments, suggesting that the differences in response are linked to visual sensory pathways. Here, we emphasize that the adverse effects of environmental stressors, particularly of those that occur at environmentally relevant concentrations, may emerge only when they co-occur with another environmental stressor. These findings highlight the need to incorporate multiple environmental stressors to comprehensively assess impacts that human activities have on behavioral strategies of animals.
Capability ofEnterococcus faecalisto shield Gram-negative pathogens from aminoglycoside exposure
Authors: McMurtry Tiffany A , Barekat Ayeh , Rodriguez Fantasia , Purewal Parwinder , Bulman Zackery P , Lenhard Justin R 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnterococcus faecalis commonly produce aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and are implicated in polymicrobial infections.ObjectivesTo determine if AME-producing E. faecalis is capable of protecting Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from gentamicin exposure.MethodsTwo Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, two Escherichia coli isolates, and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were investigated in monoculture time–kill experiments, and each Gram-negative organism was also evaluated during co-culture with either AME-producing or AME-deficient E. faecalis. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis that utilized Log Ratio Areas and a Hill-type mathematical model was used to determine if the maximal killing or potency of gentamicin against the Gram-negative organisms was altered by the presence of the E. faecalis.ResultsThe maximal killing and potency of gentamicin was the same during monoculture and co-culture experiments for both K. pneumoniae isolates and one E. coli isolate (P &gt; 0.05). In contrast, the maximal killing of gentamicin was attenuated against one E. coli isolate and both P. aeruginosa isolates during co-culture with E. faecalis (P &lt; 0.05). The potency of gentamicin was variable against the three aforementioned isolates. Against the E. coli isolate, the potency of gentamicin was significantly reduced by the presence of either E. faecalis isolate (EC50 95% CI = 4.23–4.43 mg/L monoculture versus 3.86–4.19 mg/L and 3.55–3.96 mg/L during co-culture with AME-producing and AME-deficient E. faecalis, respectively). The potency of gentamicin increased or decreased for P. aeruginosa depending on which E. faecalis isolate was investigated.ConclusionsThe AME-producing E. faecalis did not provide a consistent protective effect from aminoglycosides for the Gram-negative pathogens.
Data Consult Service: Can we use observational data to address immediate clinical needs?
Authors: Ostropolets Anna , Zachariah Philip , Ryan Patrick , Chen Ruijun , Hripcsak George 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
A number of clinical decision support tools aim to use observational data to address immediate clinical needs, but few of them address challenges and biases inherent in such data. The goal of this article is to describe the experience of running a data consult service that generates clinical evidence in real time and characterize the challenges related to its use of observational data.

Materials and Methods
In 2019, we launched the Data Consult Service pilot with clinicians affiliated with Columbia University Irving Medical Center. We created and implemented a pipeline (question gathering, data exploration, iterative patient phenotyping, study execution, and assessing validity of results) for generating new evidence in real time. We collected user feedback and assessed issues related to producing reliable evidence.

Results
We collected 29 questions from 22 clinicians through clinical rounds, emails, and in-person communication. We used validated practices to ensure reliability of evidence and answered 24 of them. Questions differed depending on the collection method, with clinical rounds supporting proactive team involvement and gathering more patient characterization questions and questions related to a current patient. The main challenges we encountered included missing and incomplete data, underreported conditions, and nonspecific coding and accurate identification of drug regimens.

Conclusions
While the Data Consult Service has the potential to generate evidence and facilitate decision making, only a portion of questions can be answered in real time. Recognizing challenges in patient phenotyping and designing studies along with using validated practices for observational research are mandatory to produce reliable evidence.
Conditional Inferences Based on Vine Copulas with Applications to Credit Spread Data of Corporate Bonds
Authors: Pan Shenyi , Joe Harry , Li Guofu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding the dependence relationship of credit spreads of corporate bonds is important for risk management. Vine copula models with tail dependence are used to analyze a credit spread dataset of Chinese corporate bonds, understand the dependence among different sectors, and perform conditional inferences. It is shown how the effect of tail dependence affects risk transfer, or the conditional distributions given one variable is extreme. Vine copula models also provide more accurate cross prediction results compared with linear regressions. These conditional inference techniques are a statistical contribution for analysis of bond credit spreads of investment portfolios consisting of corporate bonds from various sectors.
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic retrieval of a migrated IUCD in the pelvis
Authors: Adasonla Kelvin , Quraishi Mohammed K , Samateh Abdoulai , Tregunna Rebecca , Calleja Edward , Rimington Peter D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are a popular treatment choice for contraception. We report a case of a woman in her forties who presented to a urology clinic with visible haematuria. Flexible cystoscopy revealed a bladder lesion, suspicious for a tumour. However, subsequent imaging determined that this was in fact the arm of an IUCD, sited 7 years previously, which had migrated into the bladder. The patient underwent an uneventful robotic-assisted laparoscopic removal of the device.
IUCD-related complications are infrequent and can present atypically, warranting a broad diagnostic approach. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic removal of devices migrating into pelvic structures offers all the advantages of minimally invasive surgery, with the added benefits of three-dimensional views and endowrist movement facilitating tasks such as intracorporeal suturing. We report the first documented case of utilizing the da Vinci robotic system in safely assisting the removal of a migrated IUCD.
Temperature regulation of plant hormone signaling during stress and development
Authors: Castroverde Christian Danve M , Dina Damaris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Global climate change has broad-ranging impacts on the natural environment and human civilization. Increasing average temperatures along with more frequent heat waves collectively have negative effects on cultivated crops in agricultural sectors and wild species in natural ecosystems. These aberrantly hot temperatures, together with cold stress, represent major abiotic stresses to plants. Molecular and physiological responses to high and low temperatures are intricately linked to the regulation of important plant hormones. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of how changing temperatures regulate plant hormone pathways during immunity, stress responses, and development. Here we present an overview of known temperature-sensitive or temperature-reinforced molecular hubs in hormone biosynthesis, homeostasis, signaling, and downstream responses. These include recent advances in temperature regulation at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels—directly linking some plant hormone pathways to known thermosensing mechanisms. Where applicable, diverse plant species and various temperature ranges are presented, along with emerging principles and themes. It is anticipated that a grand unifying synthesis of current and future fundamental outlooks on how fluctuating temperatures regulate important plant hormone signaling pathways can be leveraged towards forward-thinking solutions to develop climate-smart crops in our dynamically changing world.
Geochemical Systematics of High Arctic Large Igneous Province Continental Tholeiites from Canada—Evidence for Progressive Crustal Contamination in the Plumbing System
Authors: Bédard Jean H , Saumur Benoit Michel , Tegner Christian , Troll Valentin R , Deegan Frances M , Evenchick Carol A , Grasby Stephen E , Dewing Keith 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cretaceous High Arctic large igneous province (HALIP) sub-alkaline magmatic rocks in Canada are mostly evolved (MgO 2–7 wt%), sparsely plagioclase + clinopyroxene ± olivine-phyric tholeiitic basalts. There were two main HALIP continental flood basalt (CFB) eruption episodes: 135–120 Ma (Isachsen Fm.) and 105–90 Ma (Strand Fiord Fm.), both associated with cogenetic doleritic sills and dykes. Building on a large modern database, 16 HALIP tholeiite types are defined and grouped into genetic series using Ce vs Sm/YbNMORB distributions. Comparison with model melting curves implies that higher-Sm/Yb HALIP basalt types record low-degree melting of garnet-bearing mantle sources. More voluminous intermediate- and low-Sm/Yb HALIP basalt types separated from the mantle at shallower levels after further extensive melting in the spinel-peridotite field. Within a given Sm/Yb range, increases in incompatible elements such as Ce are coupled with progressive clockwise rotation of normalized incompatible trace element profiles. Trace element modeling implies this cannot be due to closed-system fractional crystallization but requires progressive and ubiquitous incorporation of a component resembling continental crust. The fractionation models imply that low-Sm/Yb HALIP basalts (∼7 wt% MgO) initially crystallized olivine gabbro assemblages, with lower-MgO basalts successively crystallizing gabbro and ilmenite-gabbro assemblages. In contrast, higher-Sm/Yb basalts fractionated more clinopyroxene and ilmenite, but extensive plagioclase fractionation is still required to explain developing negative Sr–Eu anomalies. Back-fractionation models require about 40 % addition of olivine to bring the most primitive HALIP basalts (∼7 % MgO) into equilibrium with Fo89 mantle. Inverse fractionation–assimilation modeling shrinks the CFB signature, making decontaminated model parental melts more similar to enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt. The progressive increase of the contamination signature within each HALIP tholeiitic differentiation series is not consistent with models involving derivation of HALIP basalts from a mantle source previously enriched by subduction. Strong interaction of basalt with Sverdrup Basin sedimentary rocks may cause localized over-enrichment in K–Rb–Th–U, but cannot explain strong Ba enrichment in the absence of concomitant K–Rb–Th–U enrichment. The localized Ba enrichment could reflect either a Ba-rich lithospheric mantle component that is strongly manifested in the coeval HALIP alkaline suites, or syn- to post-emplacement fluid-mediated transfer from Ba-rich host rocks.
Taxation and Innovation in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Akcigit Ufuk , Grigsby John , Nicholas Tom , Stantcheva Stefanie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the twentieth century. We build a panel of the universe of inventors who patented since 1920, and a historical state-level corporate tax database with corporate tax rates and tax base information, which we link to existing data on state-level personal income taxes and other economic outcomes. Our analysis focuses on the effect of personal and corporate income taxes on individual inventors (the micro level) and on states (the macro level), considering the quantity and quality of innovation, its location, and the share produced by the corporate rather than the noncorporate sector. We propose several identification strategies, all of which yield consistent results. We find that higher taxes negatively affect the quantity and the location of innovation, but not average innovation quality. The state-level elasticities to taxes are large and consistent with the aggregation of the individual-level responses of innovation produced and cross-state mobility. Corporate taxes tend to especially affect corporate inventors’ innovation production and cross-state mobility. Personal income taxes significantly affect the quantity of innovation overall and the mobility of inventors.
Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of pinolenic acid in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Takala Rabaa , Ramji Dipak P , Andrews Robert , Zhou You , Burston James , Choy Ernest 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In pre-clinical studies, pinolenic acid (PNLA), an omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acid from pine nuts, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to investigate the effect of PNLA in human cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods
A modified Boyden chamber was used to assess chemokine-induced migration of THP-1 monocytes. Macropinocytosis was assessed using Lucifer yellow and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake using DiI-labelled oxLDL in THP-1 macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). IL-6, TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs from RA patients and HCs was measured by ELISA. The transcriptomic profile of PNLA-treated, LPS-activated PBMCs was investigated by RNA-sequencing.

Results
PNLA reduced THP-1 cell migration by 55% (P &lt; 0.001). Macropinocytosis and DiI-oxLDL uptake were reduced by 50% (P &lt; 0.001) and 40% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively, in THP-1 macrophages and 40% (P &lt; 0.01) and 25% (P &lt; 0.05), respectively, in HMDMs. PNLA reduced IL-6 and TNF-α release from LPS-stimulated PBMCs from RA patients by 60% (P &lt; 0.001) and from HCs by 50% and 35%, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). PNLA also reduced PGE2 levels in such PBMCs from RA patients and HCs (P &lt; 0.0001). Differentially expressed genes whose expression was upregulated included pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fructose bisphosphatase1 and N-Myc downstream-regulated gene-2, which have potential roles in regulating immune and metabolic pathways. Pathway analysis predicted upstream activation of the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors involved in anti-inflammatory processes, and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1.

Conclusions
PNLA has immune-metabolic effects on monocytes and PBMCs that are pathogenic in RA and atherosclerosis. Dietary PNLA supplementation may be beneficial in RA.
Symptomatic Trauma: Japan, Drug Addiction, and the Limits of Treatment
Authors: CHRISTENSEN Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Possession and use of illegal drugs carry harsh penalties in Japan if an individual is apprehended by authorities. These severe legal restrictions stigmatize drug use while failing to eliminate narcotics from Japan. This makes individual efforts to take on recovery difficult, as admissions of past use are often met with fear and disdain. Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center (DARC) is a Japanese organization that helps individuals work a program based on Narcotics Anonymous (NA), while providing members a place to spend their days free from temptation or judgment. Underestimated in this program is how DARC members drug use is often a symptomatic response to interpersonal trauma and struggles to meet societal expectations of success. I argue here that an NA influenced approach to recovery, typically the only option available to those seeking help in Japan, struggles to acknowledge contextual and societal factors that motivated members to begin using drugs. In doing so, I show the necessity for comprehensive change to the ways in which Japan understands, perceives, and treats those labeled as addicts.
Congenital Chagas disease in Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, is dominated by Trypanosoma cruzi lineage V
Authors: Sanchez Leny , Messenger Louisa A , Bhattacharyya Tapan , Gilman Robert H , Mayta Holger , Colanzi Rony , Bozo Ricardo , Verástegui Manuela , Miles Michael A , Bern Caryn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
This study identified Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs) in maternal and infant specimens collected from two hospitals in Bolivia, using conventional genotyping and DTU-specific serotyping.

Methods
Specimens from 142 mothers were used, including 24 seronegative and 118 seropositive individuals; 29 women transmitted T. cruzi to their infants. Maternal and infant parasite loads were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Maternal sera were tested with an in-house parasite lysate ELISA and serotyped by a lineage-specific peptide ELISA, targeting the trypomastigote small surface antigen (TSSA). Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in infected infants were determined by a triple PCR-RFLP assay.

Results
All infant specimens were genotyped as TcV. Maternal parasite loads and absorbance values by the lysate ELISA were significantly higher for transmitters compared with non-transmitters. Among seropositive mothers, 65.3% had positive results by the TSSA II/V/VI peptide ELISA. No significant difference in reactivity to TSSA II/V/VI was observed for transmitters compared with non-transmitters (79.3% vs 60.7%, respectively).

Conclusions
Our findings reinforce the difficulty in obtaining sufficient sample numbers and parasite DNA to investigate the interaction between parasite genetics and the risk of congenital transmission and argue for the inclusion of DTU-specific serotyping in prospective studies.
Risk clusters of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an endemic state of Brazil: space–time modelling and association with socio-economic and environmental factors
Authors: Souza Mariana do Rosário , de Jesus Damyres Menezes S , Santos Alexrangel H Cruz , Lima Shirley V M Almeida , dos Santos Allan , Tavares Débora dos Santos , de Araújo Karina Conceição G M , Bezerra-Santos Márcio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
We analysed the spatial distribution and the socio-economic and environmental factors (SEFs) associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection in the state of Alagoas, an important tourist area in northeastern Brazil.

Methods
We conducted an ecological time-series study (2007–2016) on schistosomiasis cases and SEFs. We evaluated the temporal trends of schistosomiasis cases (annual percentage change [APC]) and their correlation with SEFs. Spatial analysis maps were built using QGIS and TerraView software.

Results
We observed that 4.9% of the municipalities had a high prevalence of S. mansoni infection and were located mainly in the coastal strip of Alagoas state. The positivity rate for schistosomiasis decreased during the period (8.1% in 2007 to 4.9% in 2016; APC=−5.71). There was a reduction in the number of tests performed (APC=−5.05). There was a negative correlation between S. mansoni infection and the municipal human development index (ρ=−0.34) and schooling rate (ρ=−0.24). The main species of snail was Biomphalaria glabrata (94.79%), but Biomphalaria straminea showed a higher percentage of S. mansoni detection (10.11%). Lastly, Biomphalaria tenagophila specimens were identified for the first time in Alagoas (n=28).

Conclusions
Despite a reduction in the number of cases, intestinal schistosomiasis still represents a serious public health concern in Alagoas. It urgently requires planning and improvements in diagnosis, prevention programs and the state's socio-economic indicators.
Anesthetic Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Interventional Neuro-Radiology Suite: State of the Art
Authors: Sou Brian S. , Aglio Linda S. , Zhou Jie 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
This review discusses the general anesthetic approach of endovascular stroke therapy and highlights recent advances and considerations for optimal intraoperative management of acute ischemic stroke.

Recent findings
Recent randomized controlled trials have shown no differences in clinical outcomes between monitored anesthesia care with sedation compared with general anesthesia for endovascular stroke therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has complicated decision-making in the neurointerventional setting. Advances in imaging techniques have extended the window of treatment for endovascular therapy.

Summary
Optimal time to intervention, hemodynamic stability, novel imaging techniques, and careful consideration of anesthetic plan can impact patient outcomes in reperfusion stroke therapy.