bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health warning labels and alcohol selection: a randomised controlled experiment in a naturalistic shopping laboratory
Authors: Clarke Natasha , Blackwell Anna K. M. , De‐loyde Katie , Pechey Emily , Hobson Alice , Pilling Mark , Morris Richard W. , Marteau Theresa M. , Hollands Gareth J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsHealth warning labels (HWLs) on tobacco products reduce smoking. There is an absence of evidence concerning the impact of alcohol HWLs on selection or purchasing in naturalistic settings. Using a commercial‐standard naturalistic shopping laboratory, this study aimed to estimate the impact on selection of alcoholic drinks of HWLs describing adverse health consequences of excessive alcohol consumption.DesignA between‐subjects randomised experiment with three groups was conducted: group 1: image‐and‐text HWL; group 2: text‐only HWL; group 3: no HWL.SettingA commercial‐standard naturalistic shopping laboratory in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsAdults (n = 399, 55% female) over the age of 18 years, who purchased beer or wine weekly to drink at home.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to one of three groups varying in the HWL displayed on the packaging of the alcoholic drinks: (i) image‐and‐text HWL (n = 135); (ii) text‐only HWL (n = 129); (iii) no HWL (n = 135). Participants completed a shopping task, selecting items from a range of alcoholic and non‐alcoholic drinks, and snacks.MeasurementThe primary outcome was the proportion of alcoholic drinks selected. Secondary outcomes included HWL ratings on negative emotional arousal and label acceptability.FindingsThere was no clear evidence of a difference in the HWL groups for the percentage of drinks selected that were alcoholic compared to no HWL (44%): image‐and‐text HWL: 46% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82, 1.42); text‐only HWL: 41% (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.67, 1.14). Concordant with there being no difference between groups, there was extreme evidence in favour of the null hypothesis (Bayes factor [BF] < 0.01). Negative emotional arousal was higher (P < 0.001) and acceptability lower (P < 0.001) in the image‐and‐text HWL group, compared to the text‐only HWL group.ConclusionsIn a naturalistic shopping laboratory, there was no evidence that health warning labels describing the adverse health consequences of excessive alcohol consumption changed selection behaviour.
Cemental tear: An overlooked finding associated with rapid periodontal destruction. A case series
Authors: Pedercini A , Weitz DF , Heyse JD , Pedercini C , Kormas I , Koutlas IG , Johnson DK , McClanahan SB 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCemental tear is defined as cementum fragment completely or partially detached from the root surface, and it has been associated with localized rapid periodontal breakdown. Although history of trauma and/or attrition may be risk factors, the etiopathology of cemental tear remains unknown. This case series aims to discuss the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of cemental tears to aid clinicians in making differential diagnosis. Three teeth from three patients presenting a periradicular lesion underwent an exploratory surgery to determine the cause and provide treatment. Soft and hard tissue biopsies were obtained from each lesion and forwarded for histopathologic evaluation. Two patients received a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure, which allowed the tooth to be retained. One patient received an extraction with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) due to a hopeless prognosis of the tooth. The results after histopathologic evaluation yielded a final diagnosis of cemental tear for all three patients. Cemental tears may be overlooked, and therefore, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of periapical periodontitis, endodontic‐periodontal lesion and vertical root fracture (VRF).
Periodontal health status of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zainal Abidin Z , Zainuren ZA , Noor E , Mohd Nor NS , Mohd Saffian S , Abdul Halim R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia resulted from defects in insulin secretion or action, or both. Various studies have reported on the bidirectional relationship between DM and periodontal disease. A systematic search of the literature was performed in several databases, EBSCO Medline Complete, PubMed, Science Direct and a manual search for articles from 2000 until 2019. Literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified, and data measuring plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) were extracted and subjected to Random‐effects meta‐analysis. From 947 titles and abstracts screened, 11 articles were included for meta‐analysis. It was found that PI, GI, CAL and PPD were significantly higher in DM children than in non‐DM children according to the Standardized Mean different (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (SMD 0.54, 95% CI 0.20–0.87, P = 0.002; SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–0.87, P < 0.001; SMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.52–1.05, P < 0.001, SMD 0.67, 95% CI 0.23–1.11, P = 0.003, respectively). The meta‐analysis showed significant differences in PI, GI, PD and CAL between the two groups, favouring non‐DM children. Therefore, early detection of DM children with periodontal disease is crucial to prevent periodontal disease.
“Pivoting” by food industry firms to cope with COVID‐19 in developing regions: E‐commerce and “copivoting” delivery intermediaries
Authors: Reardon Thomas , Heiman Amir , Lu Liang , Nuthalapati Chandra S.R. , Vos Rob , Zilberman David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 and related lockdown policies in 2020 shocked food industry firms’ supply chains in developing regions. Firms “pivoted” to e‐commerce to reach consumers and e‐procurement to reach processors and farmers. “Delivery intermediaries” copivoted with food firms to help them deliver and procure. This was crucial to the ability of the food firms to pivot. The pandemic was a “crucible” that induced this set of fast‐tracking innovations, accelerating the diffusion of e‐commerce and delivery intermediaries, and enabling food industry firms to redesign, at least temporarily, and perhaps for the long term, their supply chains to be more resilient, and to weather the pandemic, supply consumers, and contribute to food security. We present a theoretical model to explain these firm strategies, and then apply the framework to classify firms’ practical strategies. We focus on cases in Asia and Latin America. Enabling policy and infrastructural conditions allowed firms to pivot and copivot fluidly.
Diversity and complexity of mouse allergens in urine, house dust, and allergen extracts assessed with an immuno‐allergomic approach
Authors: Mindaye Samuel T. , Sun Carl , Esfahani Sayyed Amin Zarkesh , Matsui Elizabeth C. , Sheehan Michael J. , Rabin Ronald L. , Slater Jay E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMouse allergy is an important cause of indoor asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The major mouse allergen, Mus m 1, is a complex of homologous pheromone‐binding lipocalins called major urinary proteins (MUPs).MethodsWe analyzed the proteome of MUPs in mouse urine, commercial mouse epithelial extracts, and environmental samples using several approaches. These include as follows: two‐dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting; liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS); multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry; and LC/HRMS analysis of glycans at the N‐66 residue of MUP3.ResultsAlbumin is predominant in the extracts, while MUPs are predominant in urine. LC/HRMS of 4 mouse allergen extracts revealed surprising heterogeneity. Of 22 known mouse MUPs, only 6 (MUP3, MUP4, MUP5, MUP13, MUP20, and MUP21) could be identified with MRM using unique peptides. Assessment of MUP content in urine, extracts, and dust samples showed good correlation between MRM and other methods working with different detection principles. All 6 identifiable MUPs were found in electrophoretically separated urine bands, but only MUP3 and MUP20 were above LOQ in unseparated mouse urine, and only MUP3, MUP4, and MUP20 were found in mouse epithelial extracts. Glycan heterogeneity was noted among 4 individual inbred mice: of 13 glycan structures detected, 8 were unique to one mouse, and only 2 glycan modifications were present in all 4 mice.ConclusionsUsing mass spectrometry and MRM, mouse allergen extracts and urine samples are shown to be complex and heterogeneous. The efficacy and safety of commercial mouse allergen extracts will be improved with better controls of allergen content.
Neonatal airway immune profiles and asthma and allergy endpoints in childhood
Authors: Chawes Bo L. , Wolsk Helene M. , Carlsson Christian J. , Rasmussen Morten A. , Følsgaard Nilofar , Stokholm Jakob , Bønnelykke Klaus , Brix Susanne , Schoos Ann‐Marie M. , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe immune system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy, but the role of the airway cytokine and chemokine composition in vivo in early life prior to symptom development has not been described previously. Here, we aimed to examine whether the neonatal airway immune composition associates with development of allergy and asthma in childhood.MethodsWe measured unstimulated levels of 20 immune mediators related to the Type 1, Type 2, Type 17, or regulatory immune pathways in the airway mucosal lining fluid of 620 one‐month‐old healthy neonates from the COPSAC2010 birth cohort. Allergy and asthma were diagnosed at our research clinic by predefined algorithms and objective assessments at age 6 years. Principal component analyses were used to describe the airway cytokine and chemokine composition.ResultsA neonatal airway immune profile particularly characterized by enhanced IL‐1β and reduced CCL26 was significantly associated with later development of elevated specific IgE to inhaled allergens, a positive skin prick test, and allergic rhinitis, but not with food sensitization. Conversely, reduced Type 17 immune‐associated markers, including IL‐1β and CXCL8, showed trend of association with development of early asthma endpoints.ConclusionsDevelopment of early asthma endpoints and inhalant allergy during the first 6 years of life seems associated with distinctly perturbed airway immune profiles in neonatal life, which is suggestive of an early origin and different pathogenesis of childhood asthma and allergy. These exploratory findings suggest pre‐ and perinatal life as an important window of opportunity for prevention of asthma and inhalant allergy.
Two subsequent seminal productions: A good strategy to treat very severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertile couples
Authors: Ciotti Patrizia Maria , Calza Nilla , Zuffa Silvia , Notarangelo Leonardo , Nardi Elena , Damiano Giuseppe , Cipriani Linda , Porcu Eleonora 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSexual abstinence is considered one of the several factors that influence sperm quality. Recent studies show that a shortening of the abstinence period could be beneficial mostly in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) patients.ObjectiveRetrospective study to verify the efficacy of a second semen sample after a short abstinence to treat severe OAT infertile patients.Materials and methods127 couples treated between May 2014 and May 2018 were divided into two groups. Study Group 1 (75 cycles): severe OAT characteristics: count <0.2 × 106/mL no progressive motility; count ≥0.2 × 106/mL and no total or progressive motility; 0% normal morphology; a second semen sample was requested after abstinence of 2 h. Control Group 0 (52 cycles): normozoospermic or mild OAT; only one sample was requested. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was utilized in all cases.ResultsAll semen parameters were significantly different between Group 0 vs both samples of Group 1 (p < 0.001), excluding volume between Group 0 and 1st sample of Group 1 (p = 0.682). The comparison between 1st and 2nd samples from Group 1 showed significant differences in volume, total and progressive motility and morphology (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.020) but not in total sperm count (p = 0.970). Fertilization, pregnancy rate/transfer, implantation and miscarriage rates were 85.9% and 61.1% (p < 0.001), 30.6% and 35.8% (p = 0.700), 17.5% and 24.0 (p = 0.292), 20.0% and 25.0% (p = 0.017) in Group 0 and Group 1 respectively.Discussion and conclusionThe results show that a short abstinence in severe OAT patients allows us to obtain spermatozoa with better motility. The request for a second semen sample in couples with extreme semen parameters is a valid and simple strategy that helps to achieve the same probability of pregnancy compared to a Control Group. Furthermore, it allows us to utilize fresh spermatozoa avoiding the need to resort to cryopreserved reserves or testicular surgery.
“What did you do this weekend?” Relationships between weekend activities, recovery experiences, and changes in work‐related well‐being
Authors: Ginoux Clément , Isoard‐Gautheur Sandrine , Sarrazin Philippe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecovery refers to the process of replenishing resources that occurs when employees distance themselves from their work, leading to improvements in work‐related well‐being indicators (WRWB), such as burnout and vigor. Research has shown that weekend activities are related to changes in WRWB and that recovery experiences could mediate these relationships. This study aimed to examine the indirect relationships of recovery activities on changes in burnout and vigor, through weekend recovery experiences. It extends past research by considering a greater number recovery activities and experiences and by controlling for job demands. Two hundred and forty‐nine employees from various occupations completed two online surveys before and after the weekend, assessing their WRWB, weekend recovery activities and experiences, and job demands. Structural equation modeling revealed that after controlling for job demands, changes in burnout and vigor were positively predicted by a latent variable—the weekend recovery experience—subjacent to perceptions of detachment, relaxation, mastery, control, and relatedness. In addition, four out of six weekend activities predicted negative (work‐related activities) or positive (social, physical, and creative activities) recovery experiences. Additional analyses showed that the recovery experience was a full mediator of the relationships between weekend activities and vigor change. These results confirm the importance of weekend activities and recovery experience for improving WRWB. They contribute to expanding current knowledge on recovery from work, highlighting the importance of considering creative activities and relatedness in future studies.
Semiparametric analysis of clustered interval‐censored survival data using soft Bayesian additive regression trees (SBART)
Authors: Basak Piyali , Linero Antonio , Sinha Debajyoti , Lipsitz Stuart 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPopular parametric and semiparametric hazards regression models for clustered survival data are inappropriate and inadequate when the unknown effects of different covariates and clustering are complex. This calls for a flexible modeling framework to yield efficient survival prediction. Moreover, for some survival studies involving time to occurrence of some asymptomatic events, survival times are typically interval censored between consecutive clinical inspections. In this article, we propose a robust semiparametric model for clustered interval‐censored survival data under a paradigm of Bayesian ensemble learning, called soft Bayesian additive regression trees or SBART (Linero and Yang, 2018), which combines multiple sparse (soft) decision trees to attain excellent predictive accuracy. We develop a novel semiparametric hazards regression model by modeling the hazard function as a product of a parametric baseline hazard function and a nonparametric component that uses SBART to incorporate clustering, unknown functional forms of the main effects, and interaction effects of various covariates. In addition to being applicable for left‐censored, right‐censored, and interval‐censored survival data, our methodology is implemented using a data augmentation scheme which allows for existing Bayesian backfitting algorithms to be used. We illustrate the practical implementation and advantages of our method via simulation studies and an analysis of a prostate cancer surgery study where dependence on the experience and skill level of the physicians leads to clustering of survival times. We conclude by discussing our method's applicability in studies involving high‐dimensional data with complex underlying associations.
Physalin B attenuates liver fibrosis via suppressing LAP2α–HDAC1‐mediated deacetylation of the transcription factor GLI1 and hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyun , Ye Shengtao , Yu Dongke , Zhang Yanqiu , Li Jie , Zhang Meihui , Leng Yingrong , Yang Ting , Luo Jianguang , Chen Xinlin , Zhang Hao , Kong Lingyi 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeLiver fibrosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide but lacks any acceptable therapy. The transcription factor glioma‐associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) is a potentially important therapeutic target in liver fibrosis. This study investigates the anti‐fibrotic activities and potential mechanisms of the phytochemical, physalin B.Experimental ApproachTwo mouse models (CCl4 challenge and bile duct ligation) were used to assess antifibrotic effects of physalin B in vivo. Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) and human HSC line LX‐2 also served as in vitro liver fibrosis models. Liver fibrogenic genes, GLI1 and GLI1 downstream genes were examined using Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). GLI1 acetylation and LAP2α–HDAC1 interaction were analysed by co‐immunoprecipitation.Key ResultsIn vivo, physalin B administration attenuated hepatic histopathological injury and collagen accumulation and decreased expression of fibrogenic genes. Physalin B dose‐dependently suppressed fibrotic marker expression in LX‐2 cells and mouse pHSCs. Mechanistic studies showed that physalin B inhibited GLI activity by non‐canonical Hedgehog signalling. Physalin B blocked formation of lamina‐associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α)/histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) complexes, thus inhibiting HDAC1‐mediated GLI1 deacetylation. Physalin B up‐regulated acetylation of GLI1, down‐regulated expression of GLI1 and subsequently inhibited HSC activation.Conclusion and ImplicationsPhysalin B exerted potent antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo by disrupting LAP2α/HDAC1 complexes, increasing GLI1 acetylation and inactivating GLI1. This indicates that the phytochemical physalin B may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Olinciguat, a stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, attenuates inflammation, vaso‐occlusion and nephropathy in mouse models of sickle cell disease
Authors: Tchernychev Boris , Li Huihui , Lee Sung‐Kyun , Gao Xin , Ramanarasimhaiah Raghunath , Liu Guang , Hall Katherine C. , Bernier Sylvie G. , Jones Juli E. , Feil Susanne , Feil Robert , Buys Emmanuel S. , Graul Regina M. , Frenette Paul S. , Masferrer Jaime L. 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeReduced bioavailability of NO, a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD), contributes to intravascular inflammation, vasoconstriction, vaso‐occlusion and organ damage observed in SCD patients. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) catalyses synthesis of cGMP in response to NO. cGMP‐amplifying agents, including NO donors and phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitors, alleviate TNFα‐induced inflammation in wild‐type C57BL/6 mice and in ‘humanised’ mouse models of SCD.Experimental ApproachEffects of the sGC stimulator olinciguat on intravascular inflammation and renal injury were studied in acute (C57BL6 and Berkeley mice) and chronic (Townes mice) mouse models of TNFα‐induced and systemic inflammation associated with SCD.Key ResultsAcute treatment with olinciguat attenuated increases in plasma biomarkers of endothelial cell activation and leukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions in TNFα‐challenged mice. Co‐treatment with hydroxyurea, an FDA‐approved SCD therapeutic agent, further augmented the anti‐inflammatory effect of olinciguat. In the Berkeley mouse model of TNFα‐induced vaso‐occlusive crisis, a single dose of olinciguat attenuated leukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions, improved blood flow and prolonged survival time compared to vehicle‐treated mice. In Townes SCD mice, plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation were lower in olinciguat‐ than in vehicle‐treated mice. In addition, kidney mass, water consumption, 24‐h urine excretion, plasma levels of cystatin C and urinary excretion of N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin were lower in Townes mice treated with olinciguat than in vehicle‐treated mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results suggest that the sGC stimulator olinciguat attenuates inflammation, vaso‐occlusion and kidney injury in mouse models of SCD and systemic inflammation.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N‐substituted indole‐thiazolidinedione analogues as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors
Authors: George Ginson , Auti Prashant S. , Paul Atish T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPancreatic Lipase (PL) is a key enzyme responsible for the digestion of 50%–70% of dietary triglycerides, hence its inhibition is considered as a viable approach for the management of obesity. A series of indole‐TZD hybrid analogues were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their PL inhibitory activity. Knoevenagel condensation of various substituted indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde with substituted thiazolidinediones resulted in the formation of titled analogues. Analogues 6d and 6e exerted potent PL inhibitory activity (IC50‐6.19 and 8.96 µM, respectively). Further, these analogues exerted a competitive mode of PL inhibition. Moreover, molecular modelling studies were in agreement with the in vitro results (Pearson's r = .8682, p < .05). The fluorescence spectroscopic analysis further supported the strong binding affinity of these analogues with PL. A molecular dynamics study (20 ns) indicated that these analogues were stable in a dynamic environment. Thus, the present study highlighted the potential role of indole‐thiazolidinedione hybrid analogues as potential PL inhibitors and further optimization might result in the development of new PL inhibitory lead candidates.