bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General population normative data for the EQ-5D-3L in the five largest European economies
Authors: Janssen Mathieu F. , Pickard A. Simon , Shaw James W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
The EQ-5D is a generic measure of health that is widely applied for health economic and non-economic purposes. Population norms can be used to facilitate the interpretation of EQ-5D data. The objective of this study was to develop a set of pooled normative EQ-5D-3L values for the five largest European economies (EUR5).

Methods
EQ-5D-3L index values based on the time trade-off (TTO) were available for all EUR5 countries (n = 21,425): France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK). Country-specific data sets were aggregated and weighted to facilitate the derivation of norms for gender and age groups. Analyses included equal weighting and weighting by population and economy size. Norms were also calculated using the European visual analog scale-based value set (European VAS), the EQ VAS and separately by dimension.

Results
Pooled mean (SD) population weighted TTO values for males/females were 0.967 (0.122)/0.959 (0.118) for ages 18–24; 0.965 (0.096)/0.954 (0.117) for ages 25–34; 0.943 (0.165)/0.936 (0.169) for ages 35–44; 0.934 (0.150)/0.921 (0.157) for ages 45–54; 0.896 (0.188)/0.875 (0.197) for ages 55–64; 0.900 (0.158)/0.839 (0.218) for ages 65–74; and 0.830 (0.234)/0.756 (0.291) for ages 75 and older. Mean values decreased and variance increased with age; females had slightly lower mean values than males across all age bands. The unequal weighting approaches produced similar point estimates with smaller variances. Mean values for the European VAS were slightly lower than those for the TTO-based index.

Discussion
Normative EQ-5D-3L values can be used to benchmark the outcomes of treated patients against the health of the general population. EUR5 norms may be useful in research applications inferring to Europe or the European Union as a whole, particularly when sample size precludes analysis at the country level.
Visceral fat obesity is the key risk factor for the development of reflux erosive esophagitis in 40–69-years subjects
Authors: Ohashi Shinya , Maruno Takahisa , Fukuyama Keita , Kikuchi Osamu , Sunami Tomohiko , Kondo Yuki , Imai Seiichiro , Matsushima Aki , Suzuki Kazuyo , Usui Fumika , Yakami Masahiro , Yamada Atsushi , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Matsumoto Shigemi , Seno Hiroshi , Muto Manabu , Inoue Mayumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Visceral fat obesity can be defined quantitatively by abdominal computed tomography, however, the usefulness of measuring visceral fat area to assess the etiology of gastrointestinal reflux disease has not been fully elucidated.

Methods
A total of 433 healthy subjects aged 40–69 years (234 men, 199 women) were included in the study. The relationship between obesity-related factors (total fat area, visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, waist circumference, and body mass index) and the incidence of reflux erosive esophagitis was investigated. Lifestyle factors and stomach conditions relevant to the onset of erosive esophagitis were also analyzed.

Results
The prevalence of reflux erosive esophagitis was 27.2% (118/433; 106 men, 12 women). Visceral fat area was higher in subjects with erosive esophagitis than in those without (116.6 cm2 vs. 64.9 cm2, respectively). The incidence of erosive esophagitis was higher in subjects with visceral fat obesity (visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm2) than in those without (61.2% vs. 12.8%, respectively). Visceral fat obesity had the highest odds ratio (OR) among obesity-related factors. Multivariate analysis showed that visceral fat area was associated with the incidence of erosive esophagitis (OR = 2.18), indicating that it is an independent risk factor for erosive esophagitis. In addition, daily alcohol intake (OR = 1.54), gastric atrophy open type (OR = 0.29), and never-smoking history (OR = 0.49) were also independently associated with the development of erosive esophagitis.

Conclusions
Visceral fat obesity is the key risk factor for the development of reflux erosive esophagitis in subjects aged 40–69 years.
Community integration among individuals with stroke: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tipnis Sanjana Shirish , Pawar Vaishnavi Vilas , Shinde Rahul Arun , Kumari Deeksha , Padmashali Lavanya , Mehrotra Shashank 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Successful community integration involves active participation in the community, broadly defined as having independence, relationships, and engagement in meaningful activities. This review aims to identify the literature focusing on community integration of individuals with stroke aged 18 years and older in the community over the past two decades.

Methods
This review will be based on the methodological framework given by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). We will include studies from SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EBSCO, ClinicalKey, Wiley Online, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library databases published from January 2000 onwards. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed separately to identify various assessments, interventions, and factors that influence the community integration of individuals with stroke.

Conclusion
This scoping review will help to explore studies focusing on community integration among individuals with stroke aged 18 and older living in the community. It can further assist professionals who are addressing the concerns of individuals with stroke in the community.
Is behaving unethically for organizations a mixed blessing? A dual-pathway model for the work-to-family spillover effects of unethical pro-organizational behavior
Authors: Chen Haixiao , Kwan Ho Kwong , Xin Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research examines the mixed work-to-family spillover effects of unethical pro-organizational behavior. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and the work–home resources model, we develop a dual-pathway model to explain such effects. Based on a three-wave field study involving 214 respondents in China, we find engagement in unethical pro-organizational behavior to be positively associated with employees’ organization-based self-esteem and stress at work, which in turn, leads to work-to-family positive spillover and work-to-family conflict, respectively. We also find that performing tensions moderate the mixed effects of unethical pro-organizational behavior on organization-based self-esteem and work stress and the indirect effects of unethical pro-organizational behavior on work-to-family positive spillover and work-to-family conflict. Our findings have theoretical implications for business ethics scholars and practical implications for managers.
Asymptotic behaviour of orbit determination for hyperbolic maps
Authors: Marò Stefano , Bonanno Claudio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe deal with the orbit determination problem for hyperbolic maps. The problem consists in determining the initial conditions of an orbit and, eventually, other parameters of the model from some observations. We study the behaviour of the confidence region in the case of simultaneous increase in the number of observations and the time span over which they are performed. More precisely, we describe the geometry of the confidence region for the solution, distinguishing whether a parameter is added to the estimate of the initial conditions or not. We prove that the inclusion of a dynamical parameter causes a change in the rate of decay of the uncertainties, as suggested by some known numerical evidences.
Determinants of grader agreement: an analysis of multiple short answer corpora
Authors: Padó Ulrike , Padó Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ’short answer’ question format is a widely used tool in educational assessment, in which students write one to three sentences in response to an open question. The answers are subsequently rated by expert graders. The agreement between these graders is crucial for reliable analysis, both in terms of educational strategies and in terms of developing automatic models for short answer grading (SAG), an active research topic in NLP. This makes it important to understand the properties that influence grader agreement (such as question difficulty, answer length, and answer correctness). However, the twin challenges towards such an understanding are the wide range of SAG corpora in use (which differ along a number of dimensions) and the hierarchical structure of potentially relevant properties (which can be located at the corpus, answer, or question levels). This article uses generalized mixed effects models to analyze the effect of various such properties on grader agreement in six major SAG corpora for two main assessment tasks (language and content assessment). Overall, we find broad agreement among corpora, with a number of properties behaving similarly across corpora (e.g., shorter answers and correct answers are easier to grade). Some properties show more corpus-specific behavior (e.g., the question difficulty level), and some corpora are more in line with general tendencies than others. In sum, we obtain a nuanced picture of how the major short answer grading corpora are similar and dissimilar from which we derive suggestions for corpus development and analysis.
Geochemical characterisation of the thermo-mineral waters of Greece
Authors: Vigni Lorenza Li , Daskalopoulou Kyriaki , Calabrese Sergio , Kyriakopoulos Konstantinos , Parello Francesco , Brugnone Filippo , D’Alessandro Walter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGeothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by recent volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Many of them are found along the coast, and thus, water is often saline due to marine intrusion. In the current study, we present about 300 unpublished and literature data from thermal and cold mineral waters collected along Greece. Samples were analysed for major ions, Li, SiO2 and isotopes in water. Measured temperatures range from 6.5 to 98 °C, pH from 1.96 to 11.98, while Total Dissolved Solutes (TDS) from 0.22 to 51 g/L. Waters were subdivided into four main groups: (1) thermal; (2) cold; (3) acidic (pH < 5); and (4) hyperalkaline (pH > 11). On statistical basis, thermal waters were subdivided into subgroups according to both their temperature [warm (< 29 °C), hypothermal (29–48 °C), thermal (48–75 °C) and hyperthermal (> 75 °C)] and TDS [low salinity (< 4 g/L), brackish (4–30 g/L) and saline (> 30 g/L)]. Cold waters were subdivided based on their pCO2 [low (< 0.05 atm), medium (0.05–0.85 atm) and high (> 0.85 atm)]. δ18O–H2O ranges from − 12.7 to + 2.7‰ versus SMOW, while δ2H–H2O from − 91 to + 12‰ versus SMOW being generally comprised between the Global Meteoric Water Line and the East Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Positive δ18O shifts with respect to the former are mostly related to mixing with seawater, while only for a few samples these shifts point to high-temperature water–rock interaction processes. Only a few thermal waters gave reliable geothermometric estimates, suggesting reservoir temperatures between 80 and 260 °C.
“Teach more, but do not expect any applause”: Are Women Doubly Discriminated Against in Universities’ Recruitment Processes?
Authors: Brommesson Douglas , Erlingsson Gissur Ó , Ödalen Jörgen , Fogelgren Mattias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Studies repeatedly find that women and men experience life in academia differently. Importantly, the typical female academic portfolio contains less research but more teaching and administrative duties. The typical male portfolio, on the other hand, contains more research but less teaching and administration. Since previous research has suggested that research is a more valued assignment than teaching in academia, we hypothesise that men will be ranked higher in the peer-evaluations that precede hirings to tenured positions in Swedish academia. We analyze 861 peer review assessments of applicants in 111 recruitment processes in Economics, Political Science, and Sociology at the six largest Swedish universities. Our findings confirm that the premises established in previous research are valid in Sweden too: Women have relatively stronger teaching merits and men relatively stronger research merits, and also that, on balance, research is rewarded more when applicants are ranked by reviewers. Accordingly, male applicants are ranked higher compared to female applicants.
Bio-corrosion impacts on mechanical integrity of ZM21 Mg for orthopaedic implant application processed by equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Prithivirajan S. , Nyahale Mayur Bapu , Naik Gajanan M. , Narendranath S. , Prabhu Ashwini , Rekha P. D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe mechanical integrity of rolled ZM21 Mg was improved by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to function as a potential biodegradable bone screw implant. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) revealed deformed grains of 45 µm observed in rolled ZM21 Mg. They were transformed to equiaxed fine grains of 5.4 µm after 4th pass ECAP. The yield strength of rolled and ECAPed ZM21 Mg alloys were comparable. In contrast, 4th pass ZM21 Mg exhibited relatively higher elongation when compared to rolled sample. The mechanical properties of rolled and ECAPed ZM21 Mg were dependant on both grain refinement and crystallographic texture. The rolled and 4th pass ECAPed tensile samples exhibited nonlinear deterioration of mechanical properties when tested after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days immersion in Hank’s solution. The evaluation signifies that regardless their processing condition, ZM21 Mg alloys are suitable for surgical areas that requires high mechanical strength. In addition, the 4th pass ECAP samples were viable to MG-63 cells proving themselves to be promising candidates for future in vivo studies.
On Thermodynamically Compatible Finite Volume Methods and Path-Conservative ADER Discontinuous Galerkin Schemes for Turbulent Shallow Water Flows
Authors: Busto Saray , Dumbser Michael , Gavrilyuk Sergey , Ivanova Kseniya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new reformulation of the first order hyperbolic model for unsteady turbulent shallow water flows recently proposed in Gavrilyuk et al. (J Comput Phys 366:252–280, 2018). The novelty of the formulation forwarded here is the use of a new evolution variable that guarantees the trace of the discrete Reynolds stress tensor to be always non-negative. The mathematical model is particularly challenging because one important subset of evolution equations is nonconservative and the nonconservative products also act across genuinely nonlinear fields. Therefore, in this paper we first consider a thermodynamically compatibleviscous extensionof the model that is necessary to define a proper vanishing viscosity limit of the inviscid model and that is absolutely fundamental for the subsequent construction of a thermodynamically compatible numerical scheme. We then introduce two different, but related, families of numerical methods for its solution. The first scheme is a provablythermodynamically compatiblesemi-discrete finite volume scheme that makes direct use of theGodunov formof the equations and can therefore be called adiscrete Godunov formalism. The new method mimics the underlying continuous viscous systemexactlyat the semi-discrete level and is thus consistent with the conservation of total energy, with the entropy inequality and with the vanishing viscosity limit of the model. The second scheme is a general purpose high order path-conservative ADER discontinuous Galerkin finite element method with a posteriori subcell finite volume limiter that can be applied to the inviscid as well as to the viscous form of the model. Both schemes have in common that they make use of path integrals to define the jump terms at the element interfaces. The different numerical methods are applied to the inviscid system and are compared with each other and with the scheme proposed in Gavrilyuk et al. (2018) on the example of three Riemann problems. Moreover, we make the comparison with a fully resolved solution of the underlying viscous system with small viscosity parameter (vanishing viscosity limit). In all cases an excellent agreement between the different schemes is achieved. We furthermore show numerical convergence rates of ADER-DG schemes up to sixth order in space and time and also present two challenging test problems for the model where we also compare with available experimental data.
Support for the higher-order factor structure of the WHODAS 2.0 self-report version in a Dutch outpatient psychiatric setting
Authors: Williams Guido L. , de Beurs Edwin , Spinhoven Philip , Flens Gerard , Paap Muirne C. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) interview version suggested a second-order model, with a general disability factor and six factors on a lower level. The goal of this study is to investigate if we can find support for a similar higher-order factor structure of the 36-item self-report version of the WHODAS 2.0 in a Dutch psychiatric outpatient sample. We aim to give special attention to the differences between the non-working group sample and the working group sample. Additionally, we intend to provide preliminary norms for clinical interpretation of the WHODAS 2.0 scores in psychiatric settings.

Methods
Patients seeking specialized ambulatory treatment, primarily for depressive or anxiety symptoms, completed the WHODAS 2.0 as part of the initial interview. The total sample consisted of 770 patients with a mean age of 37.5 years (SD = 13.3) of whom 280 were males and 490 were females. Several factorial compositions (i.e., one unidimensional model and two second-order models) were modeled using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Descriptive statistics, model-fit statistics, reliability of the (sub)scales, and preliminary norms for interpreting test scores are reported.

Results
For the non-working group, the second-order model with a general disability factor and six factors on a lower level, provided an adequate fit. Whereas, for the working group, the second-order model with a general disability factor and seven factors on a lower level seemed more appropriate. The WHODAS 2.0 36-item self-report form showed adequate levels of reliability. Percentile ranks and normalized T-scores are provided to aid clinical evaluations.

Conclusion
Our results lend support for a factorial structure of the WHODAS 2.0 36-item self-report version that is comparable to the interview version. While we conjecture that a seven-factor solution might give a better reflection of item content and item variance, further research is needed to assess the clinical relevance of such a model. At this point, we recommend using the second-order structure with six factors that matches past findings of the interview form.
Triethylamine–Water as a Switchable Solvent for the Synthesis of Cu/ZnO Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Wallace William T. , Hayward James S. , Ho Chen-Yu , Marsh Amy R. , Tariq Anisa , Bartley Jonathan K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCu/ZnO catalyst precursors for industrial methanol synthesis catalysts are traditionally synthesised by coprecipitation. In this study, a new precipitation route has been investigated based on anti-solvent precipitation using a switchable solvent system of triethylamine and water. This system forms a biphasic system under a nitrogen atmosphere and can be switched to an ionic liquid single phase under a carbon dioxide atmosphere. When metal nitrate solutions were precipitated from water using triethylamine–water as the anti-solvent a hydroxynitrate phase, gerhardite, was formed, rather than the hydroxycarbonate, malachite, formed by coprecipitation. When calcined and reduced, the gerhardite precursors formed Cu/ZnO catalysts which showed better productivity for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation than a traditional malachite precursor, despite their larger CuO crystallite size determined by X-ray diffraction. The solvents could be recovered by switching to the biphasic system after precipitation, to allow solvent recycling in the process, reducing waste associated with the catalyst synthesis.
The 40-year debate: a meta-review on what works for juvenile offenders
Authors: Pappas Laceé N. , Dent Amy L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This meta-review integrates the findings of meta-analyses and systematic reviews to explore the effect of intervention programs on recidivism for juvenile offenders.

Methods
The systematic literature search gathered 48 meta-analyses and systematic reviews from 53 research reports, contributing 56 independent effect sizes for analysis. These effect sizes were statistically integrated, and five moderators of theoretical and methodological importance were tested using meta-regression.

Results
On average, intervention programs are associated with a significant reduction in recidivism (rΦ = −0.09, p < 0.001) for juvenile offenders who participate in a program compared to those who do not. However, reductions in recidivism significantly vary between the levels of criminal justice system, characteristics of juvenile offenders, types of program modalities, and methodological quality.

Conclusions
Results indicate that intervention programs can be an effective approach to reducing recidivism for juvenile offenders, especially when combined with a rehabilitative program modality.
Households’ willingness to pay and preferences for improved cook stoves in Ethiopia
Authors: Bersisa Mekonnen , Heshmati Almas , Mekonnen Alemu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines households’ preferences, willingness to pay, and determinants of adopting improved cook stoves in rural Ethiopia. The study uses primary household data selected randomly from three districts in Ethiopia’s Oromia region. The data was collected using a mix of contingent and choice experiment methods of valuation. The former used a double-bounded value elicitation method, while the latter used a fractional factorial design to efficiently generate an attribute and level combination for the improved cook stoves. The study also used various discrete choice models for data analysis and also used models which account for scale and preference heterogeneity. The findings show that the sample households were aware of the effects of using traditional cook stoves and the benefits of using improved cook stoves. However, they were constrained by the availability of the new technology and discouraged by the low-quality of the products that they had used so far. The estimated mean willingness to pay ranged from about 150 Birr to 350 Birr which is lower than the market price of the improved cook stoves. Emission reduction, reducing fire risks, and the durability of the cook stove positively affected its adoption, while price discouraged its use. Higher levels of education, higher incomes, non-farm employment, and having more livestock increased the probability of adopting the new gas stoves. The study recommends that policymakers and product designers should use the mean willingness to pay and marginal rate of substitution for the different attributes as a benchmark for product design and pricing that fit households’ preferences and ability to pay. The lower mean willingness to pay means that a public subsidizing policy is needed for effectively disseminating improved cook stoves in rural Ethiopia.
Dissecting the duality gap: the supporting hyperplane interpretation revisited
Authors: Quttineh Nils-Hassan , Larsson Torbjörn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe revisit the classic supporting hyperplane illustration of the duality gap for non-convex optimization problems. It is refined by dissecting the duality gap into two terms: the first measures the degree of near-optimality in a Lagrangian relaxation, while the second measures the degree of near-complementarity in the Lagrangian relaxed constraints. We also give an example of how this dissection may be exploited in the design of a solution approach within discrete optimization.