bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validated quantitative needs assessment differences in the management of children with central nervous system cancer between Brazil, an upper middle‐income country, and the United States of America, a high income country
Authors: Fischer Allison N. , Roecker Roberto , Saba da Silva Nasjla , Cavalheiro Sergio , Finlay Jonathan L. , Cappellano Andrea , Osorio Diana S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric cancer cure rates differ among high‐income countries (HIC) and upper middle‐income countries (UMIC). We have compared individual capacities of two major referral pediatric centers from a HIC and an UMIC caring for children with central nervous system (CNS) cancer.MethodsA quantitative needs assessment questionnaire and key informant interviews, distributed in March of 2017, were used to evaluate the treatment of children with CNS cancer at Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC) children's cancer center in São Paulo, Brazil and Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) in Columbus, Ohio, United States of America (USA).ResultsBoth hospitals had 24‐hour pediatric oncology, nursing and intensivist coverage. Supportive care available at both institutions included social workers, psychologists, child life specialists, and physical/occupational/speech therapists. Differences included two part‐time neuroradiologists and one pathologist specializing in neuropathology at IOP/GRAACC/UNIFESP, whereas eight full‐time neuroradiologists and two neuropathologists at NCH/OSU. There were four pediatric neurosurgeons on staff at each hospital; however, there were only 2 operative days per week at IOP/GRAACC/UNIFESP, compared with 7 days at NCH/OSU. Additionally, time to initiation of radiation therapy at IOP/GRAACC/UNIFESP extended 2–4 weeks compared with less than 1 week at NCH/OSU.ConclusionsCenter‐specific differences in resources exist in highly specialized hospitals caring for children with CNS cancer in HIC and UMIC. This quantitative needs assessment may facilitate the development of targeted strategies for effective interventions to improve on the management of children with CNS cancers.
Consensus recommendations from the EXPeRT/PARTNER groups for the diagnosis and therapy of sex cord stromal tumors in children and adolescents
Authors: Schneider Dominik T. , Orbach Daniel , Ben‐Ami Tal , Bien Ewa , Bisogno Gianni , Brecht Ines B. , Cecchetto Giovanni , Ferrari Andrea , Godzinski Jan , Janic Dragana , Lopez Almaraz Ricardo , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Roganovic Jelena , Schultz Kris Ann P. , Stachowicz‐Stencel Teresa , Fresneau Brice 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs part of the European Union‐funded project designated Paediatric Rare Tumours Network ‐ European Registry (PARTNER), the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT) is continuously developing consensus recommendations in order to harmonize standard care for very rare solid tumors of children and adolescents. This paper presents the internationally recognized recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of sex cord stromal tumors (SCST). The clinical approach to sex cord stromal tumors of the testis (TSCST) and ovary (OSCST) depends on histological differentiation and tumor stage. Virtually all TSCSTs present as localized nonmetastatic tumors, with excellent prognosis after complete resection. In contrast, the prognosis of OSCSTs may be adversely affected by tumor spillage during surgery or presence of metastases. In these cases, cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is recommended. Of note, some SCSTs may develop in the context of tumor predisposition syndromes, for example, DICER‐1, so that specific follow‐up is indicated. SCSTs should be diagnosed and treated according to standardized recommendations that include reference pathology, genetic testing for tumor predisposition syndromes in selected cases, and stratified adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with unfavorable risk profile. To ensure high quality of diagnosis and therapy, patients should be enrolled into prospective registries.
Preparation, characterization, and influence of polyurea coatings on their layered composite materials based on flexible rebonded polyurethane
Authors: Temizkan Emir , Eroğlu Gülden , Ergün Ayça , Deligöz Hüseyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreparation and characterization of a series of polyurea (PU) coatings and their influences on layered composite materials based on rebonded polyurethane (PUr) for floor application are described in terms of the raw materials, formulation, and application performance. While PU coatings show almost the same FTIR peaks, thermogravimetric analyses results reveal that thermal stabilities of the PU coatings are slightly enhanced with the use of trifunctional polyamine compound and one step degradation takes place beyond 300°C. All PU coatings have very dense, smooth, and bubble‐free surfaces whereas the cross‐sectional SEM images exhibit pores of different sizes. Contact angle values of all PU coatings are bigger than 90° indicating that the surfaces are hydrophobic. Using propylene carbonate in the preparation of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) prepolymer and the chain extender in the PU coating formulation impacts the mechanical and electrical properties of the PU coatings as well as layered PU/PUr composite materials. In conclusion, not only the controllable physicochemical and mechanical properties of layered PUr/PU composites but also the usage potential of recycled PU scraps in these layered composites are very promising for better floor applications.
Network analyses of associations between cancer‐related physical and psychological symptoms and quality of life in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Shim Eun‐Jung , Ha Hyeju , Suh Yun‐Suhk , Kong Seong‐Ho , Lee Hyuk‐Joon , Yang Han‐Kwang , Hahm Bong‐Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study applied network analyses to illustrate patterns of associations between cancer‐related physical and psychological symptoms (CPPS) and quality of life (QOL) before and after surgery.MethodsParticipants consisted of 256 gastric cancer patients admitted for curative section surgery at the surgical department in a teaching hospital in Korea between May 2016 and November 2017. Participants completed the survey, including MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Gastric Cancer before surgery (T0), 1 week after surgery (T1), and 3–6 months after surgery (T2).ResultsThree networks featured several salient connections with varying magnitudes between CPPS and QOL across all time points. Particularly, anxiety was tightly connected to emotional wellbeing (EWB) across all time points and physical wellbeing (PWB) at T1. On the other hand, depression was connected to functional wellbeing at T0 and T2, gastric cancer concerns (CS) at T1, and PWB at T2. Distress and sadness were the most central symptoms in the three networks. Other central symptoms included shortness of breath at T0, fatigue at T0 and T1, and PWB and CS at T2. Anxiety, depression, and EWB served as bridges connecting CPPS to QOL across all time points with varying degrees of importance, as did PWB at T1 and T2.ConclusionsTreating psychological distress and enhancing EWB and PWB can be high impact intervention targets throughout the cancer trajectory.
Benefits from sustainable development using bioplastics: A comparison between the food and fashion industries
Authors: Friedrich Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe textile industry could become more sustainable by offering bioplastics‐based fashion. The question arises if another product category can serve as a benchmark, provided that the two industries are sufficiently similar in their business models. Therefore, an in‐depth empiric expert survey (n = 200) was carried out across sectors. For 20 items derived from the Industry‐Economics and Resource‐based Theory, the degree of consent was measured and by means of explorative factor analysis, the loadings were derived and put as weights for sector characterization. From this, the industry‐specific regression equation was established and finally, the item‐distribution was illustrated in a classification‐matrix, divided into retail‐sector and economic theory. The food sector is mainly market oriented in the plastics change, whereas clothing retailers tend to measure success in relation to company resources. Both saw bioplastics as a driver for new products, and for the textile industry it offers even more innovation potential. The demand for state intervention was also equally pronounced. All in all, it makes sense that fashion supply chains orient their transition on the food sector and achieve a change with bioplastics through differentiated and innovative products and, in particular, through strategic alliances with the retail industry.
Synergistic Additive‐Assisted Growth of 2D Ternary In2SnS4 with Giant Gate‐Tunable Polarization‐Sensitive Photoresponse
Authors: Zuo Nian , Nie Anmin , Hu Chunguang , Shen Wanfu , Jin Bao , Hu Xiaozong , Liu Zhongyuan , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D ternary materials exhibit great promise in the field of polarization‐sensitive photodetectors due to the low‐symmetry crystal structure. However, the realization of ternary material growth is still a huge challenge because of the complex reaction process. Here, for the first time, 2D ternary In2SnS4 flakes are obtained via synergistic additive of salt and molecular sieve‐assisted chemical vapor deposition. Raman vibration mode of In2SnS4 flakes exhibits polarization‐dependent properties. The polarization‐resolved absorption spectroscopy and azimuth‐dependent reflectance difference microscopy further confirm its anisotropy of in‐plane optical absorption and reflection. Besides, the In2SnS4 flake based device on mica shows ultrafast rising and decay rates of ≈20 and 20 µs. Impressively, In2SnS4 flake based phototransistor demonstrates giant gate‐tunable polarization‐sensitive photoresponse: the dichroic ratio can be adjusted in the range of 1.13–1.70 with gate voltage varying from −35–35 V. This work provides an effective means for modulating the polarization‐sensitive photoresponse, which may significantly promote the research progress of polarization‐sensitive photodetectors.
Biomimetic Nanozymes Based on Coassembly of Amino Acid and Hemin for Catalytic Oxidation and Sensing of Biomolecules
Authors: Geng Rui , Chang Rui , Zou Qianli , Shen Guizhi , Jiao Tifeng , Yan Xuehai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanoassemblies based on self‐assembly of biological building blocks are promising in mimicking the nanostructures, properties, and functionalities of natural enzymes. However, it remains a challenge to design of biomimetic nanozymes with tunable nanostructures and enhanced catalytic activities starting from simple biomolecules. Herein, the construction of nanoassemblies through coassembly of an amphiphilic amino acid and hemin is reported. The nanostructures and morphologies of the resulting nanoassemblies are readily controlled by tuning the molar ratio between the amino acid and hemin, thus leading to tailored peroxidase‐mimicking activities of the nanoassemblies. Importantly, the optimized nanoassemblies exhibit a remarkable catalytic efficiency that is comparable to the natural counterpart when considering molecular mass along with good robustness in multiple catalytic cycles. The nanoassemblies are effectively integrated as biomimetic nanozymes in a sensing system for catalytic detection of glucose. Therefore, this work demonstrates that nanozymes with advanced catalytic capabilities can be constructed by self‐assembly of minimalist biological building blocks and may thus promote the rational design and catalytic applications of biomimetic nanozymes.
Electrochemical Sensing Platforms of Dihydroxybenzene: Part 1 – Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and their Derivatives
Authors: Abu Nayem S. M. , Shaheen Shah Syed , Sultana Nasrin , Aziz Md. Abdul , Saleh Ahammad A. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDihydroxybenzene is regarded as a serious environmental pollutant. Its detection through electrochemical methods is still challenging due to having a similar structure and overlapping signals with the conventional bare electrode. Thanks to the unique features and wide applicability of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives, they can be used as modifiers to overcome the poor resolution ability of bare electrodes in the detection of dihydroxybenzene. This review focuses on the use of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives and nanocomposites to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of conventional bare electrodes for dihydroxybenzene sensing. The reports from 2011–2020 on the simultaneous and/or individual detection of three different dihydroxybenzenes – hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol – are summarized. This review also highlights the challenges and prospects surrounding the sensitive and selective detection of dihydroxybenzene.
Safety and efficacy of sargramostim (GM‐CSF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Potter Huntington , Woodcock Jonathan H. , Boyd Timothy D. , Coughlan Christina M. , O'Shaughnessy John R. , Borges Manuel T. , Thaker Ashesh A. , Raj Balaibail A. , Adamszuk Katarzyna , Scott David , Adame Vanesa , Anton Paige , Chial Heidi J. , Gray Helen , Daniels Joseph , Stocker Michelle E. , Sillau Stefan H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionInflammatory markers have long been observed in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, suggesting that inflammation contributes to AD and might be a therapeutic target. However, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug trials in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) failed to show benefit. Our previous work seeking to understand why people with the inflammatory disease rheumatoid arthritis are protected from AD found that short‐term treatment of transgenic AD mice with the pro‐inflammatory cytokine granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) led to an increase in activated microglia, a 50% reduction in amyloid load, an increase in synaptic area, and improvement in spatial memory to normal. These results called into question the consensus view that inflammation is solely detrimental in AD. Here, we tested our hypothesis that modulation of the innate immune system might similarly be used to treat AD in humans by investigating the ability of GM‐CSF/sargramostim to safely ameliorate AD symptoms/pathology.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in mild‐to‐moderate AD participants (NCT01409915). Treatments (20 participants/group) occurred 5 days/week for 3 weeks plus two follow‐up (FU) visits (FU1 at 45 days and FU2 at 90 days) with neurological, neuropsychological, blood biomarker, and imaging assessments.ResultsSargramostim treatment expectedly changed innate immune system markers, with no drug‐related serious adverse events or amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities. At end of treatment (EOT), the Mini‐Mental State Examination score of the sargramostim group increased compared to baseline (P = .0074) and compared to placebo (P = .0370); the treatment effect persisted at FU1 (P = .0272). Plasma markers of amyloid beta (Aβ40 [decreased in AD]) increased 10% (P = .0105); plasma markers of neurodegeneration (total tau and UCH‐L1) decreased 24% (P = .0174) and 42% (P = .0019), respectively, after sargramostim treatment compared to placebo.DiscussionThe innate immune system is a viable target for therapeutic intervention in AD. An extended treatment trial testing the long‐term safety and efficacy of GM‐CSF/sargramostim in AD is warranted.
Pergolide dosing compliance and factors affecting the laboratory control of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: Hague Natalie , Durham Andrew E. , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is treated with daily pergolide therapy. Owner compliance and its effect on PPID control have not been previously investigated.Methods: Clinical records were searched to identify the sample of animals with PPID treated with pergolide from 2016 to 2019. The signalment was noted and the dose of pergolide received calculated. Animals were classified as compliant (receiving ≥90% of the veterinarian recommended dose of pergolide) or non‐compliant, and as controlled (follow‐up basal adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations within the reference range) or not.Results: In total, 110 animals were included. The majority (85%) were ≥16 years (mean ± SD 19.8 ± 4.4 years); the most common breeds were Cob (18%), Thoroughbred (16%) and Welsh (15%); 37% were female and 63% male. Overall, 48% were compliant and 52% non‐compliant. There was no significant effect of compliance on laboratory control. Of those that were compliant, 74% were controlled, while 67% of non‐compliant animals were controlled. Univariable analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.001) effect of age and breed on compliance and control, and of sex on control. On multivariable analysis, only age (compliance) and breed (compliance and control) were retained in the final model.Conclusion: Only half of animals received the recommended pergolide dose; however, this did not affect laboratory control of PPID.
Investigations of metal complexes with the tripodal tetradentate ligand tris(2‐(propan‐2‐ylideneamino)ethyl)amine (imine3tren)
Authors: Schneider Lars , Becker Jonathan , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe imine ligand tris(2‐(propan‐2‐ylideneamino)‐ethyl)amine (imine3tren) had been prepared and characterized. The complexes [Na(imine3tren)(C3H6O)]BPh4, [Cu(imine3tren)]BPh4, [Zn(imine3tren)(CH2Cl2)2](BPh4)2 and [Ni(imine3tren)Br]BPh4 were synthesized and structurally characterized. In contrast to copper(I) complexes with related tripodal ligands [Cu(imine3tren)]BPh4 reacted quite slowly with dioxygen in solution and no “dioxygen adduct” complex could be spectroscopically detected. Cyclic voltammetry of this complex only showed an irreversible oxidation to a copper(II) species.
Introduction: “Speaking to the Eyes”—Reassessing the Enlightenment in the Digital Age
Authors: Baird Ileana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis introduction provides a brief survey of the evolution of data visualization from its eighteenth-century beginnings, when the Scottish engineer and political scientist William Playfair created the first statistical graphs, to its present-day developments and use in period-related digital humanities projects. The author highlights the growing use of data visualization in major institutional projects, provides a literature review of representative works that employ data visualizations as a methodological tool, and highlights the contribution that this collection makes to digital humanities and the Enlightenment studies. Addressing essential period-related themes—from issues of canonicity, intellectual history, and book trade practices to canonical authors and texts, gender roles, and public sphere dynamics—, this collection also makes a broader argument about the necessity of expanding the very notion of “Enlightenment” not only spatially but also conceptually, by revisiting its tenets in light of new data. When translating the new findings afforded by the digital in suggestive visualizations, we can unveil unforeseen patterns, trends, connections, or networks of influence that could potentially revise existing master narratives about the period and the ideological structures at the core of the Enlightenment.
Cellular Memory
Authors: Paro Renato , Grossniklaus Ueli , Santoro Raffaella , Wutz Anton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe identity of cells in an organism is largely defined by their specific transcriptional profile. During cell division, these profiles need to be faithfully inherited to the daughter cells to ensure the maintenance of cell structure and function in a cell lineage. Here, you will learn how two groups of chromatin regulators, the Polycomb group (PcG) and the Trithorax group (TrxG), act in an antagonistic manner to maintain differential gene expression states. Members of the PcG cooperate in large multiprotein complexes to modify histones with repressive marks, resulting in condensed chromatin domains. Conversely, the TrxG proteins counteract the repressed domains by opening nucleosomal structures and establishing activating histone modifications. PcG and TrxG proteins are evolutionary highly conserved and control diverse processes, such as the identity of stem cells in mammalian development to the process of vernalization in plants.
Dosage Compensation Systems
Authors: Paro Renato , Grossniklaus Ueli , Santoro Raffaella , Wutz Anton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to chromosome-wide dosage compensation systems. We will examine the evolution of dosage compensation, which is thought to be driven by the appearance of differentiated sex chromosomes. In a subset of species with X chromosomal sex determination or XY sex chromosome systems, expression of X-linked genes is regulated by chromosome-wide modifications that equalize gene expression differences between males and females. The molecular mechanisms of X chromosome-wide dosage compensation have been studied in flies, worms, and mammals. Each of these species uses a distinct dosage compensation strategy with a different molecular mechanism. In the wormCaenorhabditis elegans, gene expression on the two X chromosomes of hermaphrodites is reduced to a level that approximates a single X chromosome in males. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterachieves dosage compensation by increased transcription of the single X chromosome in males to a level that is similar to the two X chromosomes in females. Lastly, in mammals, one of the two X chromosomes in female cells is transcriptionally inactive and a single X chromosome is transcribed in both sexes. Studies of dosage compensation systems provide insights into how epigenetic regulation controls gene expression and chromatin organization differentially within a cell.
Regeneration and Reprogramming
Authors: Paro Renato , Grossniklaus Ueli , Santoro Raffaella , Wutz Anton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring regenerative processes, cells are required to restructure parts of a damaged or worn-out organ and tissue. Here, you will become acquainted with the strategies that organisms developed to provide the material for tissue and organ repair. On the one hand, somatic cells can become dedifferentiated to increase their developmental potential and produce the plasticity required to replace the entire cellular complexity of a damaged part. On the other hand, organisms retain organ-specific stem cells with a restricted developmental potency and use these to provide the “spare parts” for replacing damaged cells. In all cases, a substantial reprogramming of the epigenome of these cells accompanies the restructuring process. In vitro strategies have been developed to drive cells back to a pluripotent state, allowing a better understanding of the underlying chromatin adjustments and providing a rich source for cellular therapies.
Epigenetics and Metabolism
Authors: Paro Renato , Grossniklaus Ueli , Santoro Raffaella , Wutz Anton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost chromatin-modifying enzymes use metabolites as cofactors. Consequently, the cellular metabolism can influence the capacity of the cell to write or erase chromatin marks. This points to an intimate relationship between metabolic and epigenetic regulation. In this chapter, we describe the biosynthetic pathways of cofactors that are implicated in epigenetic and chromatin regulation and provide examples of how metabolic pathways can influence chromatin and epigenetic processes as well as their interplay in developmental and cancer biology.