bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemophilus
Authors: Nørskov‐Lauritsen Niels 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGr. neut. n.haima(Latin transliterationhaema), blood; N.L. masc. adj.philus(from Gr. masc. adj.philos), friend, loving; N.L. masc. n.Haemophilus, blood‐lover.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / HaemophilusGram‐negative, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic rods, or coccobacilli with mesophilic growth. Propagationin vitrois facilitated by nutrients present in blood. Requirement for two blood components has been decisive for allocation to the genus, namely hemin (X factor) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; V factor). Varying grades of capnophilia, and presence of 5–10% CO2may improve growth. Hemolysis is a characteristic of several species. Acid is produced from glucose, whereas arabinose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, and trehalose are not attacked. Nitrate is reduced, alkaline phosphatase is produced. Oxidase reaction is weak; catalase is variably present. The species of the genus are intimately associated with humans and certain animals, and typically restricted to a single host. ExceptHaemophilus ducreyi, the species are part of the commensal microbiota of mucosal surfaces and occasionally cause infections at other sites. The genus has been subjected to taxonomic rearrangements but is still polyphyletic, and additional classificatory alterations are justified. Member of the classGammaproteobacteria, familyPasteurellaceae.DNA G + C content (mol%): 37.3–46.0.Type species:Haemophilus influenzaeWinslow et al. 1917AL(basonyms: “Influenza‐bacillus” Pfeiffer 1892, “Bacterium influenzae” Lehmann and Neumann 1896).
Herbinix
Authors: Koeck Daniela E. , Rettenmaier Regina , Schwarz Wolfgang H. , Zverlov Vladimir V. , Liebl Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHer'bi.nix. L. fem. n.herbaplant; L. fem. n.nixsnow; N.L. fem. n.herbinixsnow‐white of plants, pertaining to incomplete degradation of plant cellulose fibers to white powder resembling a snow‐like appearance.Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / HerbinixCells are Gram‐stain positive and rod‐shaped. Endospores are not observed. Both so far described members of the genus have been isolated from a thermophilic anaerobic digester for biogas production. Optimum growth occurs at 55°C and pH 6.5–8.5 under strictly anaerobic conditions. Catalase is absent, and indole is not produced. Strains were able to degrade crystalline cellulose. The major metabolic end products from cellulose metabolism are ethanol, acetic acid, and propionic acid. The cellular fatty acid profiles of the genusHerbinixare dominated by saturated straight‐chain acids. Average G + C from cultivated species content was 37.48 mol%. Average genome length is 3,034 kbp. Phylogenetically, the genus Herbinix is a member of the familyLachnospiraceae. The closest relative among the taxa with validly published names isAnaerotaenia torta.DNA G + C content (mol%): 35–41 (WGS).Type species:Herbinix hemicellulosilyticaKoeck et al. 2015VP.
An initial investigation into the nature and function of rapport in investigative interviews
Authors: Matsumoto David , Hwang Hyisung C. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryResearch on investigative interviewing has highlighted the role of rapport in nonconfrontational, evidence‐based interviewing procedures, but questions remain about the nature and function of rapport in such interviews. Across three samples drawn from multiple previous studies involving similar methodologies, we addressed four issues: a potential role of working alliance as a rapport component, differences among different sources of rapport data, interrelationships among rapport components, and cultural/ethnic moderation. Rapport was coded from videos of introductory segments of interviews concerning a mock theft involving interviewees of different cultures/ethnicities. The rapport components were intercorrelated, converged on a single factor, and were associated with interviewer but not interviewee self‐assessments of rapport. Rapport differentially predicted the informational elements interviewees produced: working alliance predicted relevant details and plausibility, but coordination predicted irrelevant details, with some culture/ethnicity moderation. We discussed these findings in relation to future theory and research on rapport in investigative interviews.
Miniature Places for Vicarious Visits: Worldbuilding and Architectural Models
Authors: Wolf Mark JP 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProfessor Mark JP Wolf from Concordia University Wisconsin in Mequon takes us on a historical journey, discussing significant aspects and precedents of the practice of worldbuilding, from the ancient Egyptians to JRR Tolkien and George Lucas. He demonstrates that worldbuilding is a deep part of the rich history of human culture, and key to humanity's imagination.
Polyphonic Dreams: Storytime in Synthetic Reality
Authors: Davies Kate 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReminding us of the importance of the narratives and stories we tell each other and their numerous effects on us, Kate Davies, co‐founder of the Unknown Fields travelling design studio, and art and architecture collective Liquid Factory, introduces us to architecture that is a synthesis of the real and virtual worlds that are starting to seamlessly permeate our environment.
Paracosmic Project: The Architectural Long Game
Authors: Morris Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe notion of the ‘paracosm’ is a useful one for architects to understand. Some of the best writers and designers often work within personal, modelled imaginary worlds, sometimes constructed over decades, enabling them to give birth to their narrative scenarios and spaces. Here, Guest‐Editor Mark Morris looks at various literary and architectural paracosmic precedents.
Importance of Terminal Group Pairing of Polymer Donor and Small‐Molecule Acceptor in Optimizing Blend Morphology and Voltage Loss of High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Geon‐U , Sun Cheng , Park Jin Su , Lee Hyun Gyeong , Lee Dongchan , Lee Jin‐Woo , Kim Hyeong Jun , Cho Shinuk , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a variety of non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors (SMAs) have been developed to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), the pairing of the SMAs with optimal polymer donors (PDs) is an important issue. Herein, a systematic investigation is conducted with the development of the SMA series, named C6OB‐H, C6OB‐Me, and C6OB‐F, which contain distinctive terminal substituents –H, –CH3, and –F, respectively. These SMAs are paired with two PDs, PBDT‐H and PBDT‐F. Interestingly, the PD/SMA pairs with similar terminal groups yield enhanced molecular compatibility and energetic interactions, which suppress voltage loss while improving blend morphology to enhance simultaneously the open–circuit voltage, short–circuit current, and fill factor of the OSCs. In particular, the OSC based on the PBDT‐F:C6OB‐F blend sharing fluorine terminal groups achieves the highest PCE of 15.2%, which outperforms those of PBDT‐H:C6OB‐F (10.1%) and PBDB‐F:C6OB‐H OSCs (11.2%). Furthermore, the PBDT‐F:C6OB‐F OSC maintains high PCEs with active layer thicknesses between 85 and 310 nm. In contrast, the PCE of PBDT‐H:C6OB‐F‐based OSC already drops by 80% from 10.1% to 2.1% when the active layer thickness increases from 100 to 200 nm. This study establishes an important PD/SMA pairing rule in terms of terminal functional groups for achieving high‐performance OSC.
Millimeter‐Size All‐inorganic Perovskite Crystalline Thin Film Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Fernando Kasun , Wan Juanyong , Liu Fangze , Shrestha Shreetu , Tisdale Jeremy , Sheehan Chris J. , Jones Andrew C. , Tretiak Sergei , Tsai Hsinhan , Huang Huihui , Nie Wanyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is a dry approach that can produce high quality crystals and thin films at large scale which can be easily adapted by industry. In this work, CVD technology is employed to grow high quality, large size all‐inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskite crystalline film for the first time. The obtained films have millimeter size crystalline domains with high phase purity. The growth kinetics are examined in detail by optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The deposition rate and growth temperature are found to be the key parameters allowing to achieve large scale crystal growth. The large crystalline grains exhibit exceptional optical properties including negligible Stokes shift and uniform photoluminescence over a large scale. This suggests a high degree of crystallinity free from internal strain or defects. A lateral diode within one large crystalline grain is further fabricated and significant photo‐generated voltage and short circuit current are observed, suggesting highly efficient carrier transport and collections without scattering within the grain. This demonstration suggests that the CVD grown all‐inorganic perovskite thin films enable a promising fabrication route suitable for photovoltaic or photo‐detector applications.
Wide Bandgap Oxide Semiconductors: from Materials Physics to Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Shi Jueli , Zhang Jiaye , Yang Lu , Qu Mei , Qi Dong‐Chen , Zhang Kelvin H. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWide bandgap oxide semiconductors constitute a unique class of materials that combine properties of electrical conductivity and optical transparency. They are being widely used as key materials in optoelectronic device applications, including flat‐panel displays, solar cells, OLED, and emerging flexible and transparent electronics. In this article, an up‐to‐date review on both the fundamental understanding of materials physics of oxide semiconductors, and recent research progress on design of new materials and high‐performing thin film transistor (TFT) devices in the context of fundamental understanding is presented. In particular, an in depth overview is first provided on current understanding of the electronic structures, defect and doping chemistry, optical and transport properties of oxide semiconductors, which provide essential guiding principles for new material design and device optimization. With these principles, recent advances in design of p‐type oxide semiconductors, new approaches for achieving cost‐effective transparent (flexible) electrodes, and the creation of high mobility 2D electron gas (2DEG) at oxide surfaces and interfaces with a wealth of fascinating physical properties of great potential for novel device design are then reviewed. Finally, recent progress and perspective of oxide TFT based on new oxide semiconductors, 2DEG, and low‐temperature solution processed oxide semiconductor for flexible electronics will be reviewed.
Understanding the Enhanced Capacitive Desalination Performance of Spherical ZnCo2O4 Electrode
Authors: Si Wei , Li Haibo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, the spinel ZnCo2O4 (ZCO) prepared by a simple strategy is employed for capacitive deionization (CDI) towards enhanced desalination performance. The ZCO reveals typical spherical structure that is beneficial in providing 3D tunnels for ions diffusion. On the basis of electrochemical measurements, the ZCO electrode possesses specific capacitance of 307.9 F g−1 in 1 m NaCl solution at the scan rate of 1 mV s−1. Remarkably, the equivalent series resistance and the Warburg impedance of ZCO electrode is only 0.54 and 0.66 Ω, respectively. Such low resistivity is conducive to improve the efficiency of charge transfer and the driven energy utilization. Regarding the desalination, the ZCO electrode illuminates the salt removal capacity of 39.4 mg g−1 in 2000 µS cm−1 NaCl solution at 1.2 V. Under the same experimental conditions, the ZCO electrode demonstrates a high desalination capacity of 73.39 mg g−1 with charge efficiency of 76.8% at a constant current of 10 mA g−1. Moreover, the preferential removal of Na+, K+, and Mg2+ enabled by ZCO electrode is investigated, suggesting the radius of hydration ions plays a significant role. Beyond that, the analysis on the morphology, crystal phase, and valance state of ZCO electrode at different desalination/salination state are explored to propose the possible desalination mechanism.
Conjugated Linkers Improve the Photoelectrocatalytic H2‐Evolution Activity of Cobaloxime‐Modified Silicon Photocathodes by Largely Suppressing Charge Recombination
Authors: Gong Lunlun , Yin Heng , Tian Ruixue , Li Yingzheng , Wang Xiuli , Wang Mei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor molecular catalyst‐modified semiconductor hybrid photoelectrodes, the linker that tethers a molecular catalyst to an electrode surface is one of the important structural factors to influence the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) H2‐evolution activity of the photoelectrode. A better understanding about the impact of different linkers on charge transfer kinetics of hybrid photoelectrodes will shed light on the design of more efficient photoelectrodes for the selected molecular catalyst and semiconductor. In this work, a series of cobaloxime catalysts, CoPy‐4‐L‐HA (CoPy = cobaloxime; HA = hydroxamate anchor; L = none, CH2, CHCH, and (CHCH)2), are immobilized to the surface of p‐Si|TiO2 with different linkers. Comparative studies on PEC performance of these hybrid photocathodes reveal that the p‐Si|TiO2|CoPy‐4‐(CHCH)2‐HA) electrode exhibits the highest PEC activity among the tested photocathodes, despite the longer linker of (CHCH)2 compared to other ones. The j(0 V) of −0.68 mA cm−2 for p‐Si|TiO2|CoPy‐4‐(CHCH)2‐HA is higher than those reported for planar Si‐based photocathodes decorated with molecular catalysts. The impacts of the length and conjugation property of linkers on the kinetics of surface charge transfer and recombination are probed by transient absorption spectroscopy, and the results well clarify the origin for the disparity in the PEC activities of p‐Si|TiO2|CoPy‐4‐L‐HA photocathodes with different linkers.
Nonlinear Photoelectric Properties by Strained MoS2 and SnO2 Core‐Shell Nanotubes for Flexible Visible Light Photodetectors
Authors: Han Jin Kyu , Song Da Som , Lim Yi Rang , Agbenyeke Raphael E. , Castelli Ivano E. , Esposito Vincenzo , Kim Sun Young , Bu Sang Don , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lee Sun Sook , Lim Jongsun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new type of coaxial hetero‐structured MoS2/SnO2 nanotube (MS‐NT) array is rationally designed for flexible visible light photodetector. Herein, a suitable solution for fabricating MS‐NT comprising SnO2 with controlled thickness and strain is proposed. The thickness of SnO2 deposited on MoS2 nanotubes are delicately manipulated by adjusting atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles, which cause the internal tensile strain of the hybrid nanotubes. The photocurrent of the MS‐NT‐based photodetector exhibits high photoresponsivity values of 198.4 mA W‐1 and external quantum efficiency of 0.78%. In the analysis, a linear correlation between the excitation power and the photocurrent extracted from the MNT‐based devices is discerned. At the same time, a superlinearity of photocurrent in the MS‐NT arrays‐based device is found. Density functional theory calculations are adopted to unveil the strong correlation between the strain, bandgap, and photocurrent of the MS‐NT, which is a decisive factor for understanding the experimental evidences. The detailed mechanism for enhance photoresponsivity is further suggested for the strain‐tailored MS‐NT arrays‐based device. Such peculiar properties are expected to open a new chapter in the era of smart optical devices that require low driving voltage and high power efficiency.
Visualization of neurofibrillary tangle maturity in Alzheimer's disease: A clinicopathologic perspective for biomarker research
Authors: Moloney Christina M. , Lowe Val J. , Murray Melissa E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeurofibrillary tangles, one of the neuropathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, have a dynamic lifespan of maturity that associates with progressive neuronal dysfunction and cognitive deficits. As neurofibrillary tangles mature, the biology of the neuron undergoes extensive changes that may impact biomarker recognition and therapeutic targeting. Neurofibrillary tangle maturity encompasses three levels: pretangles, mature tangles, and ghost tangles. In this review, we detail distinct and overlapping characteristics observed in the human brain regarding morphologic changes the neuron undergoes, conversion from intracellular to extracellular space, tau immunostaining patterns, and tau isoform expression changes across the lifespan of the neurofibrillary tangle. Post‐translational modifications of tau such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, conformational events, and truncations are discussed to contextualize tau immunostaining patterns. We summarize accumulated and emerging knowledge of neurofibrillary tangle maturity, discuss the current tools used to interpret the dynamic nature in the postmortem brain, and consider implications for cognitive dysfunction and tau biomarkers.
Transformable Nanosensitizer with Tumor Microenvironment‐Activated Sonodynamic Process and Calcium Release for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Tan Xuan , Huang Jingzhao , Wang Yiqian , He Shasha , Jia Le , Zhu Yanhong , Pu Kanyi , Zhang Yan , Yang Xiangliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the promise of sonodynamic processes in cancer therapy, existing sonosensitizers often fail to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) against tumors, potentially leading to off‐target toxicity to normal tissues. We report a transformable core‐shell nanosonosensitizer (TiO2@CaP) that reinvigorates ROS generation and dissolves its CaP shell to release Ca2+ in an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) under ultrasound activation. Thus, TiO2@CaP acts as a smart nanosonosensitizer that specifically induces mitochondrial dysfunction via overloading intracellular Ca2+ ions to synergize with the sonodynamic process in the TME. TiO2@CaP substantially enhances immunogenic cell death, resulting in enhanced T‐cell recruitment and infiltration into the immunogenic cold tumor (4T1). In conjunction with checkpoint blockade therapy (anti‐PD 1), TiO2@CaP‐mediated sonodynamic therapy elicits systemic antitumor immunity, leading to regression of non‐treated distant tumors and inhibition of lung metastasis. This work paves the way to development of “smart” TME‐activatable sonosensitizers with temporospatial control over antitumor responses.
Pinning Effect Enhanced Structural Stability toward a Zero‐Strain Layered Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chu Shiyong , Zhang Chunchen , Xu Hang , Guo Shaohua , Wang Peng , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLayered oxides as the cathode materials of sodium‐ion batteries are receiving extensive attention due to their high capacity and flexible composition. However, the layered cathode tends to be thermodynamically and electrochemically unstable during (de)sodiation. Herein, we propose the pinning effect and controllable pinning point in sodium storage layered cathodes to enhance the structural stability and achieve optimal electrochemical performance. 0 %, 2.5 % and 7.3 % transition‐metal occupancies in Na‐site as pinning points are obtained in Na0.67Mn0.5Co0.5−xFexO2. 2.5 % Na‐site pinned by Fe3+ is beneficial to restrain the potential slab sliding and enhance the structural stability, resulting in an ultra‐low volume variation of 0.6 % and maintaining the smooth two‐dimensional channel for Na‐ion transfer. The Na0.67Mn0.5Co0.4Fe0.1O2 cathode with the optimal Fe3+ pinning delivers outstanding cycle performance of over 1000 cycles and superior rate capability up to 10 C.
How does social media sentiment impact mass media sentiment? A study of news in the financial markets
Authors: Ren Jie , Dong Hang , Padmanabhan Balaji , Nickerson Jeffrey V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMass media sentiment of financial news significantly influences investment decisions of investors. Hence, studying how this sentiment emerges is important. In years past, this was straightforward, often dictated by journalists who cover financial news, but this has become more complex now. In this paper, we focus on how social media sentiment affects mass media sentiment. Using data from Sina Weibo and Sina Finance (around 60 million weibos and 6.2 million news articles), we show that social media does influence mass media sentiment emergence for financial news. The sentiment consistency between social media reaction and prior news articles amplifies the persistence of mass media sentiment over time. By contrast, we found limited evidence of social media reducing the persistence of mass media sentiment over time. The results have significant implications for understanding how 2 types of media, treated separately in the literature, may be connected.
Photofermentative biohydrogen generation from organic acids by Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001: Computational fluid dynamics modeling of hydrodynamics and temperature
Authors: Basak Nitai , Jana Asim Kumar , Das Debabrata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrogen gas is a clean‐burning fuel suitable for powering public vehicles. Hydrogen fuel has the highest energy density (143 MJ kg−1). This research paper emphasizes three‐dimensional hydrodynamics and temperature distribution during photobiohydrogen generation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain O.U.001 in a triple‐jacketed 1 L photobioreactor (PBR). The fermentation broth has turbulent flow conditions and light gradients among various layers, which affect the light conversion efficiency of the PBR. From the carbon source (malic acid), various organic acids are produced within fermentation (lactate, acetate, and formate). Modeling and simulation studies by computational fluid dynamics confirmed uniform fluid dynamics and heat transfer throughout the annular PBR. The modified Gompertz equation gave good simulated fitting with an experimental value for H2 generation. R. sphaeroides O.U. 001 gave good simulated results for H2 generation with mathematical modeling of substrate consumption kinetics and substrate utilization for biomass.
Identification of Active Sites in the Catalytic Oxidation of 2‐Propanol over Co1+xFe2–xO4 Spinel Oxides at Solid/Liquid and Solid/Gas Interfaces
Authors: Falk Tobias , Budiyanto Eko , Dreyer Maik , Pflieger Christin , Waffel Daniel , Büker Julia , Weidenthaler Claudia , Ortega Klaus Friedel , Behrens Malte , Tüysüz Harun , Muhler Martin , Peng Baoxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of Co1+xFe2–xO4 (0≤x≤2) spinel nanowires was synthesized by nanocasting using SBA‐15 silica as hard template, which was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Co1+xFe2–xO4 spinels were applied in the aerobic oxidation of aqueous 2‐propanol solutions to systematically study the influence of exposed Co and Fe cations on the catalytic properties. The activity of the catalysts was found to depend strongly on the Co content, showing an exponential increase of the reaction rate with increasing Co content. Ensembles of Co3+cus (coordinatively unsaturated) sites were identified as the active sites for selective 2‐propanol oxidation, which are assumed to consist of more than six Co ions. In addition, gas‐phase oxidation with and without water vapor co‐feeding was performed to achieve a comparison with liquid‐phase oxidation kinetics. An apparent activation energy of 94 kJ mol−1 was determined for 2‐propanol oxidation over Co3O4 in the liquid phase, which is in good agreement with the gas‐phase oxidation in the presence of water vapor. In contrast to gas‐phase conditions, the catalysts showed high stability and reusability in the aqueous phase with constant conversion in three consecutive runs.