bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different maternal age patterns of preterm birth: Interplay of race/ethnicity, chronic stress, and marital status
Authors: Kim Sangmi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine whether the preterm birth (PTB) risks according to maternal age is altered by a woman's marital status and chronic stress among non‐Hispanic (N‐H) White, N‐H Black, Hispanic, and Asian women. This researcher analyzed the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data for New York City and Washington State linked with the birth certificates for 2004–2007. The sample included 6344 singleton live births without birth defects to women aged 18 years or older identified as N‐H White, N‐H Black, Hispanic, or Asian. The outcome was PTB. Maternal age‐specific PTB rates were calculated according to race/ethnicity, marital status, and chronic stress. Linear trends of PTB rates with maternal age were evaluated by the Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test. Marriage had a protective effect against PTB at advancing maternal age across racial/ethnic groups. The health benefit of marriage was strong, particularly among the married N‐H Black and Asian women, manifested as a maternal age‐related decrease in the PTB rate (reverse‐weathering). In contrast, women not married showed a maternal age‐related increase in the PTB rate (weathering) across the racial/ethnic groups. Under higher chronic stress, married women generally experienced less weathering about PTB. These patterns were observed with noticeable racial/ethnic variations. Acknowledging the different dynamics among maternal age, marital status, and chronic stress by race/ethnicity could help shed light on the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the racial/ethnic inequalities in PTB in the United States. To that end, future studies should use more nuanced measurements of paternal support and chronic stress.
Pneumatosis intestinalis in the pediatric oncology population: An 11‐year retrospective review at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Authors: Bailey Kayleen A. , Kodikara Hemal , Mauguen Audrey , Price Anita , LaQuaglia Michael , Boulad Farid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is characterized by the presence of intramural gas in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The overall aim of this study was to review risk factors and outcome of pediatric oncology patients at our institution who developed PI.ProcedurePatients diagnosed with PI between 2007 and 2018 were identified from ICD‐10 coding of radiology reports at Memorial Sloan Kettering Kids, a tertiary pediatric oncology center. Outcomes of interest were (a) resolution and time to resolution of PI, (b) surgical intervention within 2 weeks of diagnosis of PI, or (c) death secondary to PI. To capture the resolution of PI, we defined the “time to recovery (TTR)” as the time elapsed between date of PI diagnosis and the date of recovery.ResultsForty‐two patients were identified. Within 30 days of diagnosis of PI, three patients had surgical intervention for PI (7%) and two patients died (5%) due to non‐PI causes. Median TTR of PI was 4.5 days (95% CI: 3–7 days). In univariable and multivariable analyses, only steroid use in the prior 30 days was significantly associated with a faster TTR of PI (HR = 2.27 [95% CI: 1.17–4.41], p = .02).ConclusionsThis is the largest case series of patients with PI in the pediatric oncology population, which reveals significantly lower surgical and mortality rates than other published PI series. For the majority of patients, conservative medical management is indicated. A prospective study is warranted to define diagnosis and management guidelines for PI in the pediatric oncology population in a cooperative group setting.
“I just want to be normal”: A qualitative investigation of adolescents' coping goals when dealing with pain related to arthritis and the underlying parent‐adolescent personal models
Authors: Ghio Daniela , Calam Rachel , Lee Rebecca Rachael , Cordingley Lis , Ulph Fiona ,   Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS)
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine adolescents' goals when coping with pain and map these goals to the cognitive and emotional profiles of both adolescent and their parent. 17 adolescents (11‐16 years) and their parents participated in a cohort study of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA); the adolescents, took part in a two‐part interview (about their pain perceptions and about a recent pain experience) and the parents completed an open‐ended qualitative survey. The three datasets were analysed following a qualitative framework approach. A coping framework was developed and cognitive and emotional profiles for both adolescent and parent were mapped back to the framework. The overall goal of adolescents was to preserve social identity, by either focusing on maintaining a “normal” lifestyle (sub‐coping goal one) or managing the pain (sub‐coping goal two). Across these two sub‐coping goals, the adolescents held similar cognitive profiles (beliefs about timeline, consequences, control) but different emotional profiles such as feeling fine/happy compared with feeling angry and frustrated. Conversely, the parents' cognitive and emotional profiles were mapped back to the two groups and found that their beliefs were different across the two sub‐coping goals but had similar emotional profiles across the two groups such as worry. Both the adolescents' emotional representations and parental cognitive profiles seem to be related to how the adolescent perceives a pain event, deals with the pain, and the overall coping goal of the adolescent. Findings are suggestive that parental pain beliefs influence the adolescents' pain representations and their coping goals but are also driven by adolescents' emotions. Further work on these potential pathways is needed. Family interventions should be designed, targeting coping goals taking into consideration the importance of emotions for adolescents and parental pain beliefs.
Nonthermal tetravinylsilane plasma used for thin‐film deposition: Plasma chemistry controls thin‐film chemistry
Authors: Cech Vladimir , Branecky Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe power dependence of the plasma species in nonthermal tetravinylsilane plasmas used for thin‐film deposition is investigated by mass spectrometry. Mass spectra analysis reveals the dominant carbon‐ and silicon‐containing species responsible for film growth. The deposition rate determined by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry correlates with the flux of these species chemisorbed on the film surface if distinct sticking coefficients are taken into account. Then, the carbon to silicon ratio in the deposited film strongly correlates with the C/Si flux ratio for the various power‐controlled plasmas. Similarly, the concentration of vinyl groups incorporated into the deposited film and the proportion of sp2 hybridization of the carbon network correlate with the fluxes of the respective plasma species.
Bursicon receptor gene HLGR2 as a potential RNA interference target for control of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea
Authors: Sun Lili , Zhang Chenshu , Yan Liqiong , Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Zhiying , Cao Chuanwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified as a new generation of attractive targets for RNA interference (RNAi)‐based pest control. A functional study of the leucine‐rich repeat‐containing (LGR2) gene in Hyphantria cunea (HLGR2) was performed to examine whether it can be used in the molecular control of this notorious pest.RESULTSThe complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence and deduced amino acids of HLGR2 were obtained and analyzed in the present study. HLGR2 is a typical GPCR and shows high structural and sequence similarity with other insect LGR2 proteins. The spatiotemporal expression profiles of HLGR2 showed that HLGR2 was highly expressed at the egg stage and tissues of head and silk gland. After RNAi of HLGR2, distinct phenotypes were observed when HLGR2 expression was suppressed, indicating that HLGR2 is essential in pupation and eclosion. HLGR2 RNAi led to a low pupation rate (45.00%), body malformation, abnormal wing expansion, failed cuticle melanization (63.33%), and high mortality rate (48.33%). Furthermore, we identified eight genes that are regulated by HLGR2. The expression of these eight genes was induced by the HLGR2 signaling pathway and correlated well with cuticle sclerotization. Unlike LGR2 in other insect species, HLGR2 was found to play a crucial role in the control of H. cunea during ecdysis and postecdysial stages.CONCLUSIONHLGR2 is essential for the growth and development and wing expansion and maturation in H. cunea, suggesting HLGR2 is a promising candidate for application in RNAi‐based control of this notorious agriculture‐forest pest. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Measure inducing classification and regression trees for functional data
Authors: Belli Edoardo , Vantini Simone 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose a tree‐based algorithm (μCART) for classification and regression problems in the context of functional data analysis, which allows to leverage measure learning and multiple splitting rules at the node level, with the objective of reducing error while retaining the interpretability of a tree. For each internal node, our main contribution is the idea of learning a weighted functionalspace by means of constrained convex optimization, which is then used to extract multiple weighted integral features from the functional predictors, in order to determine the binary split. The approach is designed to manage multiple functional predictors and/or responses, by defining suitable splitting rules and loss functions that can depend on the specific problem and can also be combined with additional scalar and categorical predictors, as the tree is grown with the original greedy CART algorithm. We focus on the case of scalar‐valued functional predictors defined on unidimensional domains and illustrate the effectiveness of our method in both classification and regression tasks, through a simulation study and four real‐world applications.
System approaches in governmental public health: Findings from an analysis of the literature
Authors: Orr Jason M. , Leider Jonathon P. , Gutilla Margaret J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe U.S. public health enterprise is a complex system of public and private partners, loosely coupled, which work together to improve the public's health. This scoping review utilized peer‐reviewed and grey literature to understand systems approaches may be used in the design or enhancement of public health governance structures and service delivery mechanisms. Titles and abstracts were screened against the research question and retained materials were reviewed in full. The final analytic sample included 34 articles from an initial pool of 1128 unique citations that collectively described 25 systems approaches. The findings indicate that few avenues may be present to guide design or enhancement of public health systems when needs arise, such as in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Scarcity of literature on this topic presents a challenge, and further analytical studies are needed to inform evidence‐based systems design strategies and applications.
Study on dynamic mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced concrete subjected to freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Song Shushuang , Niu Yanning , Zhong Xiumei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a nanometer material, carbon nanotubes can inhibit the expansion of microcracks and is of great significance to improve the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. In order to explore the mechanism of dynamic mechanical properties enhancement of carbon nanotube reinforced concrete under impact load after freeze–thaw cycles, the dynamic compression test of carbon nanotube reinforced concrete samples was carried out by using the control variable method with freeze–thaw cycles and impact air pressure as variables. The results showed that under the same impact pressure, the peak stress of carbon nanotube reinforced concrete sample decreased gradually with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles. The corresponding strain increased slightly, and the stress–strain curve moved to the right and down as a whole. Under the same freeze–thaw cycle, the peak stress of carbon nanotube reinforced concrete sample increased with the increase of strain rate, and the dynamic strength growth factor DIF also increased, showing an obvious strain rate strengthening effect. In addition, under the same freeze–thaw cycles and external impact load, the dynamic strength of carbon nanotube concrete is 41.97 and 54.21 MPa, respectively, which is 22.27 and 25.81% higher than that of ordinary plain concrete. The results show that carbon nanotube reinforced concrete samples have higher dynamic mechanical properties and freeze–thaw cycle resistance than ordinary plain concrete samples.
Strengthening of beams or slabs using temperature induction
Authors: Löschmann Jens , Mark Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral aged reinforced concrete (RC) structures need to be strengthened. A typical method is to subsequently add rebar into slots filled with bonding mortar. However, this kind of strengthening only acts for live loads, not for dead loads, if no prestressing or prior lifting is applied. To overcome this deficiency, a novel method is presented. It activates the postinstalled reinforcement for all types of loading by temporarily inducing temperature from the outside. Doing so, statically indeterminate structures are locally relieved from stresses by constraint moments from systematically induced vertical temperature gradients during strengthening. To set the size of the gradients, the nonlinear material behavior, especially the significant reductions in constraint forces due to softening, is taken into account. If tempering is stopped after strengthening, stresses from dead loads redistribute over the newly formed total cross section. The method is theoretically derived, discussed, and verified in the lab on a two‐span RC girder. It turns out appropriate to enhance the bending resistance of beams or slabs.
A sustainable, ultratough, and ready‐to‐use adhesive heating patch driven by solar/electric dual energy
Authors: Wang Jiqiang , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeveloping a versatile and durable photothermal coating is of great interest for the future large‐scale utilization of abundant solar energy. However, existing photothermal coatings that rely on the assembly of rigid solar absorbing nanomaterials have often limitations in both mechanical robustness and multienergy coupling for sustainable heating. Here, we report a ready‐to‐use and ultratough adhesive heating patch with the integrated abilities of photo‐/electrothermal conversion and damage self‐diagnosis. The patch is composed of interconnected carbon microfibers filtrated with photo‐curable self‐adhesive resin that can readily stick on the substrate, and postcuring rapidly toughens the patch resulting in high mechanical toughness (9.1 MJ/m3), high electrical conductivity (5 S/cm), strong adhesion (0.7‐4.6 MPa), as well as high solar‐thermal conversion (∼ 85.3%) and Joule heating (81.6°C/W) efficiencies. To demonstrate its application, the adhered patch on oil pipelines can rapidly reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil to ∼100 Pa s under the action of solar radiation or Joule heating, allowing for oil's easy flow in pipelines in all‐weather and, thus, alleviating the use of expensive fired heaters at heating stations.
Paganuccia icatuensis (Rubiaceae), a new genus and species from Bahia, Brazil, with a key to all the genera of the tribe Spermacoceae in the Americas
Authors: Nuñez Florentin Mariela , Salas Roberto M. , Carmo João A.M. , Cabral Elsa L. , Dessein Steven , Janssens Steven B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPaganuccia is described as a new genus of Rubiaceae, only known so far from two collections from the continental dunes in the São Francisco River basin, Bahia, north‐eastern Brazil. The morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ETS, ITS) and plastid (atpB‐rbcL, petD, rps16, trnL‐trnF) sequence data, support the recognition of a new genus within the Spermacoce clade (tribe Spermacoceae). Paganuccia is one of several well‐supported lineages, still largely unresolved with respect to each other. We considered that its isolated position in combination with the unique set of morphological character states and biogeographic evidence can fully support its recognition as a new genus. We have provided a formal description of Paganuccia, including SEM observations of the fruit, pollen, and inflorescence structure, together with a distribution map and comments on its conservation. Additionally, the new genus is compared with the other climbing taxa in the tribe, and a key for all the genera of the Spermacoceae in the Americas is provided.
Nanographene – A Scaffold of Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSubstances can be divided into 0D to 3D species based on the number of repeating units (atom, ion, and molecule) and their arrangements in space (point, linear, layer, and solid). Discrete substances belong to 0D species, polymers are examples of 1D species, and molecular crystals are 3D species. Most of the substances belong to one of these species. On the other hand, those categorized into 2D species wherein the repeating units organize a layer are less explored. 2D species have a surface and edges. The incorporation of these structural features into a molecular design can realize multifunctionalized systems that are difficult to achieve by conventional organic synthesis. The development of 2D species is, therefore, the frontier of organic, inorganic, and polymer chemistry. Nanographenes (NGs) are suitable scaffolds for realizing 2D species due to several factors, such as chemical stability and oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface and on the edge, allowing postsynthetic modifications. Our group has utilized NGs with tens of nanometers in diameters for developing 2D species. Carboxy groups on the edge enable us to install various substituents into NGs, offering NG‐based functional materials. These studies demonstrate that the integration of NGs with organic chemistry can widen the scope of their applications other than optical materials that are a main application of NGs. We introduce our recent studies on the development of NG‐based functional materials realized by postsynthetic modifications. We hope that this account will contribute to the development of the chemistry of 2D species.
Polyanionic Imido‐P(V) Ligands: From Transition Metal Complexes to Coordination Driven Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Sarkar Meghamala , Rajasekar Prabhakaran , Jose Cavya , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chemistry of the imido‐anions of the main group elements has been studied for more than three decades. The imido (NR)− group is isoelectronic to the oxo (=O) group and can coordinate with metal ions through its lone pairs of electrons. The polyimido‐P(V) anions are well explored as they resemble the phosphorus oxo moieties such as H3PO4, H2PO4−, HPO42− and PO43− species. These imido anions are typically generated using strong main group organometallic reagents such as nBuLi, Et2Zn, Me3Al and nBu2Mg, etc. As a result, their coordination chemistry has been restricted to reactions in anhydrous aprotic solvents for a few main group metal ions. This account presents our findings on using certain soft transition metal such Ag(I) and Pd (II) for isolating these imido‐P(V) anions as their corresponding self‐assembled clusters and cages. Using the various salts of Ag(I) ions in reaction with 2‐pyridyl (2Py) functionalized phosphonium salts and phosphoric triamides, we obtained the mono‐ and dianionic form of these imido ligands {[P(N2Py)2(NH2Py)2]−, [P(N2Py)2(NH2Py)]−, [PO(N2Py)(NH2Py)2]2−} and derived interesting examples of tri, penta, hepta and octanuclear Ag(I) clusters. Interestingly, by using the salts of Pd (II) ions, the elusive imido‐phosphate trianions of the type [(RN)3PO]3− (R=tBu, cHex, iPr) were generated in a facile one pot reaction as their corresponding tri‐ and hexanuclear clusters of the type {Pd3[(NR)3PO](OAc)3}n (n=1 or 2). These trianions acts as a cis‐coordinated hexadentate ligand for a trinuclear Pd (II) cluster and serve as the polyhedral building units for constructing hitherto unknown family of neutral cages in tetrahedral {Pd3[(NiPr)3PO]4(L)6} and cubic {Pd3[(NiPr)3PO]8(L)12} structures in the presence of suitable linker ligands (L2−). These cages show interesting host‐guest chemistry and post‐assembly reactions. Remarkably, by employing chiral tris(imido)phosphate trianions, enantiopure chiral cages of the type [(Pd3X*)4(L)6], ([X*]3−=RRR‐ or SSS‐[PO(N(*CH(CH3)Ph)3]3−), were synthesized and used for the chiral‐recognition and enantio‐separation of small racemic guest molecules. Some of these chiral cages were also shown to exhibit polyradical framework structures. In future, these and other similar types of cages are envisioned as potential molecular vessels for performing the reactions in their confined environment. The enantiomeric cages can be probed for asymmetric catalysis and the separation of a range of small chiral molecules.
Tuning topological networks in MOFs by secondary‐building‐unit connection: syntheses, structures and luminescent properties of two Zn4‐cluster coordination polymers
Authors: Wang Tian , Duan Junan , Shi Hongliu , Wang Minmin , Lian Ping , Xu Guohai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo new MOFs with a Zn4 SBU, namely {[Zn2(teaH)] ⋅ 2(μ‐bdc)0.5}2 (I) and {[Zn2(MedeaH)] ⋅ 3(μ‐bdc)0.5}2 ⋅ (H2O) (II), have been prepared through altering polyalcohol amines. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that their topological controllability mainly arise from the SBU connection being dependent on ethanolic arms of polyalcohol amines. Topological evolution is used to improve our understanding for the feasibility to tune their topology toward SBU connection. Compound I shows a 44 network in which the Zn4 rings act as planar four‐connected node, whereas II features a 3D pcu network based on the non‐planar six‐connected Zn4 SUBs. The luminescent properties of the two compounds have also been investigated.
The Gallate Pnictides Ba9[GaO4]3Pn (Pn=Sb, Bi) and a Partially Oxidized Zintl Anion in Ba2[GaO2As]
Authors: Klos Stephan , Beck Johannes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe reaction of elemental barium, gallium and either bismuth or antimony with small amounts of barium peroxide yields yellow platelet‐shaped crystals of Ba9[GaO4]3Sb (1) and orange platelet‐shaped crystals of Ba9[GaO4]3Bi (2), respectively. Using arsenic instead of bismuth or antimony, black metallic shining crystals of Ba2[GaO2As] (3) are obtained. The crystals of these compounds are air‐sensitive and have been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. 1 and 2 contain tetrahedral [GaO4]5− units and isolated Sb3− and Bi3− ions coordinated solely by Ba2+‐ions in icosahedral and cuboctahedral fashion. 3 is built of [GaO2As2/2]4− tetrahedra, which are linked via the As atoms to infinite chains. This polyanion can be perceived as a typical Zintl anion, which is partially oxidized.