bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of double spalling on the outer rings of paired ball bearings by time-delay sound analysis
Authors: Bai Xiaotian , Shi Huaitao , Sun Jie , Wang Zinan , Zou Defang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rolling bearings are widely used in spindle systems, and are usually arranged in pairs for higher running accuracy. Spalling often occurs on the outer ring of rolling bearings, and the impact of double spalling located on a single bearing is quite different from that of spalling on both bearings. This paper proposes a method for localizing double spalling based on radiated sound signals. A model of the sound radiation produced by spalling is established, and the sound signals are analyzed in the time and frequency domains. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that double spalling can be detected through the appearance of corresponding frequency components, and the relative spalling positions can be distinguished through the time–delay ratio (TDR) between the impacts in the time-domain signal. When spalling takes place on the same bearing, the distances to the sources of the impact sounds are different, compared to spalling on different bearings, leading to significant differences in the TDRs of the time domain signal. Impacts from different spalling locations can be distinguished from the time domain signal, and the double spalling localization can be realized through TDR matching. The method provides a new approach for accurate fault localization, which is helpful for the operation and maintenance of spindle systems.
A spatial-temporal algorithm for three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry using two-view systems
Authors: Wu Y , Wang Q , Zhao C Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, a novel temporal three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D PTV) algorithm for flow measurements with only two views is developed and validated with synthetic particles. The spatial information in image and object spaces, as well as the temporal predictions, are strongly coupled to improve the particle tracking accuracy. A well-designed cost function, simultaneously penalizing the reconstruction and tracking processes, is minimized to determine the most reliable traces. The algorithm shows a correctness over 98% up to 0.0273 ppp (particles per pixel) when using ideal synthetic particle positions, which is superior to several artificial intelligence methods. Moreover, an improved particle identification algorithm is proposed to handle overlapped particles and reduce the error introduced into the 3D PTV scheme. The algorithm adopts a particle position shifting process to tackle the correct particle numbers iteratively, which shows better performance than some other methods. A comparative study indicates that particle identification accuracy has a significant effect on the subsequent 3D reconstruction and tracking processes. The 3D PTV and particle identification algorithms show good consistencies under two types of flow conditions: a homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow and a vortex ring flow. Comparing with multiple-view setups, two-view systems are more compact and cost-effective, especially in conditions requiring high-speed cameras. With the newly established algorithms, a two-view system is now able to handle higher particle-seeding densities and thus can resolve higher spatial resolutions, which is significant for applications in turbulent flow and particle motion measurements.
Stacking nuances modulate the mechanical properties of graphene/SnO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Banarouei Seyed Arman , Yu Luxia , Jian Cuiying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to its superior mechanical properties, graphene is widely used as reinforcement materials in nanocomposites. In this work, a series of indentation simulations was performed, using finite element method, to investigate the mechanical properties of graphene/TiO2 and graphene/SnO2 nanocomposite films. The force–displacement curves obtained from simulations were first compared to analytical results, which demonstrates that with increasing the thicknesses of metal oxide layers, the mechanical responses of nanocomposites exhibit a transition from non-linear behaviors to linear behaviors. Furthermore, consistent with literature works, increasing graphene volume fraction can enhance the Young’s modulus of the corresponding heterostructure. Interestingly, this enhancement can be modulated by nuances in stacking orders, i.e. layer arrangements, of nanocomposites. Through analyzing stress and strain distributions, the underlying mechanisms were proposed. Our results reported here provide comprehensive characterizations and understandings on the reinforcement effects of graphene on graphene/metal oxide nanocomposites.
Design of cylindrical soft vacuum actuator for soft robots
Authors: Cheng Peilin , Ye Yuze , Jia Jiangming , Wu Chuanyu , Xie Qizhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Soft robots have been significantly studied in recent decades, and among their key components are soft actuators. Vacuum is one of the main drivers of soft actuators. In this study, we propose a novel cylindrical soft vacuum actuator (CSVA) consisting of a top layer, bottom layer, and cylindrical internal chamber. Under a vacuum, the bottom layer was concaved into the internal chamber. A simplified analytical model was established to analyze the relationship between the vacuum pressure and the deformation height of the bottom layer. A validation experiment was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analytical model. The potential applications of the CSVA in the design of soft robots were also explored. A jellyfish-inspired swimming robot, an octopus-inspired suction cup, and a soft–rigid gripper were designed according to the concave deformation of the bottom layer. Then, the swimming speed of the swimming robot, the adsorption force of the suction cup, and the grasping capability of the soft–rigid gripper were investigated. The experimental results show that the maximum swimming speed of the swimming robot is 55.3 mm s−1 at a flapping frequency of 0.6 Hz. The adsorption forces of the suction cup both in air and underwater are 16.8 N and 17.5 N, respectively. The soft–rigid gripper with a pinching-grasping mode can grasp objects of various shapes and sizes in air and underwater. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the soft vacuum actuator in the design of various soft robots.
On the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a boundary condition involving a time derivative of the field
Authors: Xia Baoqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the half-line with a new boundary condition presented by Zambon. This new boundary involves a time derivative of the field and was already shown by Zambon to be integrable. In this paper we re-establish the integrability of such a boundary both by using the Sklyanin’s formalism and by using the tool of Bäcklund transformations. Moreover, we present a method to derive explicit formulae for multi-soliton solutions of the boundary problem by virtue of the Darboux transformation method in conjunction with a boundary dressing technique.
Generation, reflection and transmission of nonlinear harmonic waves by direct superposition of anharmonic dipoles
Authors: Hardhienata Hendradi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is well known that the linear and nonlinear light reflection and transmission formula can be obtained from the standard macroscopic Maxwell equation. In the past, a microscopic approach based on the Ewald–Oseen extinction theorem to derive the reflection and transmission formula by direct dipole summation has been performed by Fearn et al where they successfully derived the Fresnel formula in linear optics. In this work, we extend their work for the first time to derive the nonlinear reflection and transmission formula by direct summation of anharmonically oscillating dipoles for the case of a normal incidence wave, yielding similar results with coupled-mode-theory (CMT). We demonstrate for a decaying incoming field that dipolar radiation is no longer forbidden inside the bulk of a centrosymmetric material. Using the simplified bond hyperpolarizability model (SBHM), we find that these additional bulk dipole contribution must be accounted along with the surface dipoles and bulk quadrupolar contribution to explain recent rotational anisotropy SHG intensity experimental data of Si(111) with high precision.
Multiple characterization of some glassy-alloys as photon and neutron shields: In-silico Monte Carlo investigation
Authors: Perişanoğlu U , El-Agawany F I , Tekin H O , Kavaz E , Zakaly Hesham M H , Issa Shams A M , Zaid M H M , Sidek H A A , Matori K A , Rammah Y S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the nuclear radiation shielding proficiency of eight glassy alloys (Gd25RE25Co25Al25 (RE = Tb, Dy and Ho)) containing different amounts of rare earth elements was investigated with MCNPX simulation codes. Mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the glassy alloys were simulated in the energy interval of 0.2–20 MeV by exploiting MCNPX codes, and the generated data were found to match with theoretical WinXCOM results. Next, other crucial photon attenuation parameters, effective atomic number (Zeff), Half Value Layer (HVL), and Mean Free Path (MFP), were gotten out using μ/ρ values. It was seen that Er20Tm20 and Er20Tb20 samples replaced with Er by Gd had the highest Zeff and μ/ρ values, whereas HVL and MFP values were the smallest among the other glassy alloys. Geometric progression (GP) procedure was enjoyed to achieve the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors (EBF and EABF) for the glassy alloys proposed. EABFs and EBFs took the largest and lowest values for Gd25Tb25 and Er20Tm20, respectively, to the other samples. Furthermore, the glassy alloys’ neutron reduction abilities were estimated by acquiring fast neutron removal cross-sections (∑R). It was noticed that the ∑R values of the glassy alloys are increased with the rising sample density and seen to be comparable to ∑R values of water and ordinary concrete. The results obtained from this study are important in that they show that glassy alloys can be used as radiation shielding.
Outcome of neoadjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer in elderly patients: comparative, observational cohort study
Authors: Oba A , Wu Y H A , Lieu C H , Meguid C , Colborn K L , Beaty L , Al-Musawi M H , Davis S L , Leal A D , Purcell T , King G , Wooten E S , Fujiwara Y , Goodman K A , Schefter T , Karam S D , Gleisner A L , Ahrendt S , Leong S , Messersmith W A , Schulick R D , Del Chiaro M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Use of neoadjuvant therapy for elderly patients with pancreatic cancer has been debatable. With FOLFIRINOX (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) showing tremendous effects in improving the overall survival of patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer, there is no definitive consensus regarding the use of this regimen in the elderly.

Methods
This study evaluated the eligibility of elderly patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer for neoadjuvant therapy. Patients registered in the database of pancreatic cancer at the University of Colorado Cancer Center, who underwent neoadjuvant treatment between January 2011 and March 2019, were separated into three age groups (less than 70, 70–74, 75 or more years) and respective treatment outcomes were compared.

Results
The study included 246 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent neoadjuvant treatment, of whom 154 and 71 received chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX and GnP respectively. Among these 225 patients, 155 were younger than 70 years, 36 were aged 70–74 years, and 34 were aged 75 years or older. Patients under 70 years old received FOLFIRINOX most frequently (124 of 155 versus 18 of 36 aged 70–74 years, and 12 of 34 aged 75 years or more; P &lt; 0.001). Resectability was similar among the three groups (60.0, 58.3, and 55.9 per cent respectively; P = 0.919). Trends towards shorter survival were observed in the elderly (median overall survival time 23.6, 18.0, and 17.6 months for patients aged less than 70, 70–74, and 75 or more years respectively; P = 0.090). After adjusting for co-variables, age was not a significant predictive factor.

Conclusion
The safety and efficacy of multiagent chemotherapy in patients aged 75 years or over were similar to those in younger patients. Modern multiagent regimens could be a safe and viable treatment option for clinically fit patients aged at least 75 years.
Aerosols, airflow, and airspace contamination during laparoscopy
Authors: Hardy N , Dalli J , Khan M F , Nolan K , Cahill R A 
Published: March 2021

Lay summary
Laparoscopic surgery has been undermined throughout the COVID-19 pandemic by concerns that it may generate an infectious risk to the operating team through aerosolization of peritoneal particles. There is anyway a need for increased awareness and understanding of the occupational hazard for surgical teams regarding unfiltered escape of pollutants generated by surgical smoke and other microbials. Here, the aerosol-generating nature of this access modality was confirmed through repeatable real-time methodology both qualitatively and quantitively to inform best practice and additional engineering solutions to optimize the operating room environment.
Proteomic differences in the hippocampus and cortex of epilepsy brain tissue
Authors: Pires Geoffrey , Leitner Dominique , Drummond Eleanor , Kanshin Evgeny , Nayak Shruti , Askenazi Manor , Faustin Arline , Friedman Daniel , Debure Ludovic , Ueberheide Beatrix , Wisniewski Thomas , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting over 70 million people worldwide, with a high rate of pharmaco-resistance, diverse comorbidities including progressive cognitive and behavioural disorders, and increased mortality from direct (e.g. sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, accidents, drowning) or indirect effects of seizures and therapies. Extensive research with animal models and human studies provides limited insights into the mechanisms underlying seizures and epileptogenesis, and these have not translated into significant reductions in pharmaco-resistance, morbidities or mortality. To help define changes in molecular signalling networks associated with seizures in epilepsy with a broad range of aetiologies, we examined the proteome of brain samples from epilepsy and control cases. Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was performed on the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1–3 region (CA1–3), frontal cortex and dentate gyrus microdissected from epilepsy and control cases (n = 14/group). Epilepsy cases had significant differences in the expression of 777 proteins in the hippocampal CA1 − 3 region, 296 proteins in the frontal cortex and 49 proteins in the dentate gyrus in comparison to control cases. Network analysis showed that proteins involved in protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, G-protein signalling and synaptic plasticity were particularly altered in epilepsy. While protein differences were most pronounced in the hippocampus, similar changes were observed in other brain regions indicating broad proteomic abnormalities in epilepsy. Among the most significantly altered proteins, G-protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1) was one of the most significantly decreased proteins in epilepsy in all regions studied, highlighting the importance of G-protein subunit signalling and G-protein-coupled receptors in epilepsy. Our results provide insights into common molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy across various aetiologies, which may allow for novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
Incremental Language Comprehension Difficulty Predicts Activity in the Language Network but Not the Multiple Demand Network
Authors: Wehbe Leila , Blank Idan Asher , Shain Cory , Futrell Richard , Levy Roger , von der Malsburg Titus , Smith Nathaniel , Gibson Edward , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What role do domain-general executive functions play in human language comprehension? To address this question, we examine the relationship between behavioral measures of comprehension and neural activity in the domain-general “multiple demand” (MD) network, which has been linked to constructs like attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and selection, and implicated in diverse goal-directed behaviors. Specifically, functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during naturalistic story listening are compared with theory-neutral measures of online comprehension difficulty and incremental processing load (reading times and eye-fixation durations). Critically, to ensure that variance in these measures is driven by features of the linguistic stimulus rather than reflecting participant- or trial-level variability, the neuroimaging and behavioral datasets were collected in nonoverlapping samples. We find no behavioral-neural link in functionally localized MD regions; instead, this link is found in the domain-specific, fronto-temporal “core language network,” in both left-hemispheric areas and their right hemispheric homotopic areas. These results argue against strong involvement of domain-general executive circuits in language comprehension.
Seasonal variations in amplitudes and resonance frequencies of the HVSR amplification peaks linked to groundwater
Authors: Rigo Alexis , Sokos Efthimios , Lefils Valentine , Briole Pierre 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYFollowing the installation of a temporary seismological network in western Greece north of the Gulf of Patras, we determined the quality of the sites of each of the 10 stations in the network. For this, we used the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method and calculated an average curve over randomly selected days between 0 and 10 Hz. The daily HVSR curve is determined by the HVSR 12-hr calculation (1 hr every two) without distinction between seismic ambient noise and earthquake signal. The HVSR curves obtained can be classified in three categories: flat curves without amplification, curves with a amplification peaks covering a large frequency range, and curves with one or more narrow peaks. In this third category C3, one station has one peak, two have two and one has three. On the contrary of what it is commonly assumed, the amplitudes and the resonance frequencies of these narrow peaks are not stable over time in C3. We determined the maximum of the amplitude of each peak with the corresponding central frequency for each day during 2.5 yr. Except for the station with three peaks, which finally appears stable within the uncertainties, the principal peak exhibits a seasonal variation, with a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer, the observations being more dispersed during winter. The second peak, when it exists, varies in the same way except at one station where it varies oppositely. These variations are clearly correlated with the loading and unloading cycle of the underlying aquifers as shown by the comparison with water level and yield measurements from wells located close to the stations. Moreover, they are also correlated with the vertical surface displacements observed at continuously recording GPS stations. The dispersion of the observed maximum amplitude in winter is probably related to the rainfall and the soil moisture modifying the S-wave velocity as revealed by other studies. From this study, we would like to emphasize that the use the HVSR method to constrain the S-wave velocity and the thickness of the sediment layer over the bedrock in the basin, has to be done with caution. Upon further confirmation of its robustness, the HVSR methodology presented here could be a good and easy-to-use tool for a qualitative survey of the aquifer backdrop and its seasonal behaviour, and of the soil moisture conditions.
The GPS velocity field of the Aegean. New observations, contribution of the earthquakes, crustal blocks model
Authors: Briole Pierre , Ganas Athanassios , Elias Panagiotis , Dimitrov Dimitar 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYWe calculate and analyse the coordinate time-series of 282 permanent GPS stations located in Greece and 47 in surrounding countries. The studied period is 2000–2020. The average GPS time-series length is 6.5 yr. The formal velocity uncertainties are rescaled to be consistent with the velocity scatters measured at 110 pairs of stations separated by less 15 km. We remove the effect of the crustal earthquakes of Mw ≥ 5.3. We quantify and model the post-seismic deformations. Two relaxation times are usually needed: one short of some weeks and one long of 1 yr or more. For the large Mw = 6.9 events of Samothraki 2014 and Methoni 2008, the post-seismic deformation equals or exceeds the coseismic one. We detect at three stations a deformation transient in May 2018 that may correspond to a slow earthquake beneath Zakynthos and northwest Peloponnese, with equivalent magnitude 5.8. The density and accuracy of the velocities make it possible to better quantify several characteristics of the deformation in the Aegean, in particular: (i) the transition from the Anatolian domain, located in the southeast, to the European domain through the western end of the North Anatolian fault; (ii) the north–south extension in the western Aegean; (iii) the east–west extension of the western Peloponnese; (iv) the clockwise rotation of the Pindos; (v) the north–south extension in central Macedonia. Large parts of the central Aegean, eastern Peloponnese and western Crete form a wide stable domain with internal deformation below 2 nstrain yr−1. We build a kinematic model comprising 10 crustal blocks corresponding to areas where the velocities present homogeneous gradients. The blocks boundaries are set to fit with known localized deformation zones, for example, the rift of Corinth, the North Anatolian fault and the Katouna fault. When the velocity steps are clear but not localized, for example, through the Peloponnese, the boundary line is arbitrary and represents the transition zone. The model fits the velocities with a root-mean-square deviation of ±0.9 mm yr−1. At the boundaries between blocks we compare the predicted and observed deformations. We find shear rates of 7.4 and 9.0 mm yr−1 along the Movri and Katouna faults, 14.9 and 8.7 mm yr−1 along the North Anatolian fault near Lemnos and near Skopelos respectively, extension of 7.6, 1.5 and 12.6 mm yr−1 across the Gulf of Patras, the Trichonis Lake and the Ambracian Gulf. The compression across western Epirus is 3.7 mm yr−1. There is a dextral transtensional movement of 4.5 mm yr−1 between the Amorgos and Astypalea islands. Only the Ionian Islands region shows evidence of coupling along the subduction interface.