bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Versatility of the DCIA Free Flap: A Forgotten Flap? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Escandón Joseph M. , Bustos Valeria P. , Escandón Lauren , Santamaría Eric , Gaxiola-García Miguel A. , Kushida-Contreras Beatriz H. , Forte Antonio J. , Ciudad Pedro , Langstein Howard N. , Manrique Oscar J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground Studies reporting on the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) free flap are restricted to a limited number of patients and areas of application. The aim of this review was to assess the reliability and versatility of the DCIA free flap during reconstruction.Methods A comprehensive review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SCOPUS. A critical analysis of pooled data was performed to assess outcomes employing the DCIA free flap.Results A total of 445 DCIA free flaps were included. The main recipient sites were head and neck (72.35%), lower extremity (20.67%), and upper extremity (6.74%). The main indications for reconstruction were tumor resection (73.8%) and trauma (17.43%). Fifty non-DCIA flaps were required to finalize the reconstruction of several defects. The pooled flap failure rate using the DCIA free flap was 4% (95% confidence interval: 1–8%). No significant heterogeneity was present across studies (Q statistic 22.12, p = 0.14; I 2 = 27.68%, p = 0.139). Complication rates for head and neck and limb reconstruction were 57.37 and 40.16%, respectively. The average length and surface area of bone flaps were 7.79 cm and 22.8 cm2, respectively. The area of the skin paddles was 117 cm2.Conclusion The DCIA free flap has shown to be a versatile reconstructive alternative for head and neck and short-medium size limb defects. However, the complexity of functions, the recipient site location, and a potential large defect can detract from the use of the DCIA free flap as an initial reconstructive option for head and neck and extensive limb defects.
Change in Perceived Stress and Health Behaviors of Emerging Adults in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: LaCaille Lara J , Hooker Stephanie A , Marshall Elaine , LaCaille Rick A , Owens Rhea 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented disruptions, restrictions, and concerns about physical and mental health. Emerging adulthood, including the first year of college, is associated with declines in healthy eating and physical activity, as well as possible heightened distress. The impact of COVID-19 may exacerbate these concerns.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in health behaviors and perceived stress in emerging adults over the first year of college and to determine whether prepandemic health behaviors were protective for mental health and stress during the initial changes after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
First-year college students (N = 234, 58.6% female) completed three surveys during their first year of school, the third being after the onset of COVID-19 and during a stay-at-home order. At Time 3, we also assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Results
Using linear mixed modeling, sedentary time increased and physical activity decreased over time, but 20%–35% of students reported improvements in these behaviors. Dietary changes appeared mixed, with some improvements noted early during COVID-19. Perceived stress increased over time. Multiple regression indicated that of the health behaviors examined for protective effects on mental health and stress during the pandemic, only diet quality emerged as a significant predictor.

Conclusions
Although notable declines in some health habits were observed over time, including following COVID-19 disruptions, some students reported improved health behaviors. Efforts should be directed at identifying and intervening with students most at risk for poor functioning.
Is Three a Crowd? The Influence of Companions on a Patient’s Decision to Transition to a Biosimilar
Authors: Gasteiger Chiara , Groom Katie M , Lobo Maria , Scholz Urte , Dalbeth Nicola , Petrie Keith J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Involving patients in treatment decisions is commonplace in healthcare, and patients are frequently accompanied by a companion (support person). Companions are often actively involved in medical consultations, yet their impact on decisions to change medications is unknown.

Purpose
This study examines the influence of companions on a patient’s decision to transition from their bio-originator therapy to a biosimilar.

Methods
A parallel, two-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted with 79 patients taking a bio-originator for rheumatic diseases who regularly attend clinic with a companion. Patients were randomized to receive an explanation about a hypothetical transition to a biosimilar alone or with their companion. Patients reported willingness to transition, risk perceptions, difficulty understanding, social support, and completed the Decisional Conflict Scale and Satisfaction with Decision Scale.

Results
Companions did not influence decisions to transition to biosimilars or cognitive and affective risk perceptions. Accompanied patients reported more difficulty understanding the explanation (p = .006, Cohen’s d = .64) but thought it was more important to receive information with companions (p = .023, Cohen’s d = −.52). Companions did not impact decision satisfaction or decisional conflict. Receiving emotional, but not practical support, was associated with less decisional conflict in accompanied patients (p = .038, r2 = 0.20).

Conclusions
The presence of companions does not seem to influence risk perceptions or decisions about transitioning to biosimilars. Companions, however, impact the patient’s reporting of their ability to understand treatment explanations. Providers should check understanding in all patients but may need to provide additional time or educational resources to accompanied patients and companions.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12619001435178.
Accelerated antibody discovery targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for COVID-19 therapeutic potential
Authors: Mullen Tracey E , Abdullah Rashed , Boucher Jacqueline , Brousseau Anna Susi , Dasuri Narayan K , Ditto Noah T , Doucette Andrew M , Emery Chloe , Gabriel Justin , Greamo Brendan , Patil Ketan S , Rothenberger Kelly , Stolte Justin , Souders Colby A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Rapid deployment of technologies capable of high-throughput and high-resolution screening is imperative for timely response to viral outbreaks. Risk mitigation in the form of leveraging multiple advanced technologies further increases the likelihood of identifying efficacious treatments in aggressive timelines.

Methods
In this study, we describe two parallel, yet distinct, in vivo approaches for accelerated discovery of antibodies targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 spike protein. Working with human transgenic Alloy-GK mice, we detail a single B-cell discovery workflow to directly interrogate antibodies secreted from plasma cells for binding specificity and ACE2 receptor blocking activity. Additionally, we describe a concurrent accelerated hybridoma-based workflow utilizing a DiversimAb™ mouse model for increased diversity.

Results
The panel of antibodies isolated from both workflows revealed binding to distinct epitopes with both blocking and non-blocking profiles. Sequence analysis of the resulting lead candidates uncovered additional diversity with the opportunity for straightforward engineering and affinity maturation.

Conclusions
By combining in vivo models with advanced integration of screening and selection platforms, lead antibody candidates can be sequenced and fully characterized within one to three months.
Amplification of Bias Due to Exposure Measurement Error
Authors: Richardson David B , Keil Alexander P , Cole Stephen R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Observational epidemiologic studies typically face challenges of exposure measurement error and confounding. Consider an observational study of the association between a continuous exposure and an outcome, where the exposure variable of primary interest suffers from classical measurement error (i.e., the measured exposures are distributed around the true exposure with independent error). In the absence of exposure measurement error, it is widely recognized that one should control for confounders of the association of interest to obtain an unbiased estimate of the effect of that exposure on the outcome of interest. However, here we show that, in the presence of classical exposure measurement error, the net bias in an estimate of the association of interest may increase upon adjustment for confounders. We offer an analytical expression for calculating the change in net bias in an estimate of the association of interest upon adjustment for a confounder in the presence of classical exposure measurement error, and we illustrate this problem using simulations.
The link between brain acidosis, breathing and seizures: a novel mechanism of action for the ketogenic diet in a model of infantile spasms
Authors: Choudhary Anamika , Mu Chunlong , Barrett Karlene T , Charkhand Behshad , Williams-Dyjur Christine , Marks Wendie N , Shearer Jane , Rho Jong M , Scantlebury Morris H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Infantile spasms (IS) syndrome is a catastrophic, epileptic encephalopathy of infancy that is often refractory to current antiepileptic therapies. The ketogenic diet (KD) has emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with medically intractable epilepsy, though the prospective validity and mechanism of action for IS remains largely unexplored. We investigated the KD’s efficacy as well as its mechanism of action in a rodent model of intractable IS. The spasms were induced using the triple-hit paradigm and the animals were then artificially reared and put on either the KD (4:1 fats: carbohydrate + protein) or a control milk diet (CM; 1.7:1). 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) and head-out plethysmography were examined in conjunction with continuous video-EEG behavioural recordings in lesioned animals and sham-operated controls. The KD resulted in a peripheral ketosis observed both in the blood and urine. The KD led to a robust reduction in the frequency of spasms observed, with approximately a 1.5-fold increase in the rate of survival. Intriguingly, the KD resulted in an intracerebral acidosis as measured with 31P MRS. In addition, the respiratory profile of the lesioned rats on the KD was significantly altered with slower, deeper and longer breathing, resulting in decreased levels of expired CO2. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation, acting as a pH buffer, partially reversed the KD’s protective effects on spasm frequency. There were no differences in the mitochondrial respiratory profiles in the liver and brain frontal cortex measured between the groups, supporting the notion that the effects of the KD on breathing are not entirely due to changes in intermediary metabolism. Together, our results indicate that the KD produces its anticonvulsant effects through changes in respiration leading to intracerebral acidosis. These findings provide a novel understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-seizure effects of the KD in IS. Further research is required to determine whether the effects of the KD on breathing and intracerebral acid-base balance are seen in other paediatric models of epilepsy.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection: A Case Series From a 12-Month Longitudinal Occupational Cohort
Authors: Mack Christina D , Tai Caroline , Sikka Robby , Grad Yonatan H , Maragakis Lisa L , Grubaugh Nathan D , Anderson Deverick J , Ho David , Merson Michael , Samant Radhika M , Fauver Joseph R , Barrett James , Sims Leroy , DiFiori John 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Findings are described in 7 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection from the National Basketball Association 2020–2021 occupational testing cohort, including clinical details, antibody test results, genomic sequencing, and longitudinal reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results. Reinfections were infrequent and varied in clinical presentation, viral dynamics, and immune response.
UNC-16 alters DLK-1 localization and negatively regulates actin and microtubule dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans regenerating neurons
Authors: Kulkarni Sucheta S , Sabharwal Vidur , Sheoran Seema , Basu Atrayee , Matsumoto Kunihiro , Hisamoto Naoki , Ghosh-Roy Anindya , Koushika Sandhya P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neuronal regeneration after injury depends on the intrinsic growth potential of neurons. Our study shows that UNC-16, a Caenorhabditis elegans JIP3 homolog, inhibits axonal regeneration by regulating initiation and rate of regrowth. This occurs through the inhibition of the regeneration-promoting activity of the long isoform of DLK-1 and independently of the inhibitory short isoform of DLK-1. We show that UNC-16 promotes DLK-1 punctate localization in a concentration-dependent manner limiting the availability of the long isoform of DLK-1 at the cut site, minutes after injury. UNC-16 negatively regulates actin dynamics through DLK-1 and microtubule dynamics partially via DLK-1. We show that post-injury cytoskeletal dynamics in unc-16 mutants are also partially dependent on CEBP-1. The faster regeneration seen in unc-16 mutants does not lead to functional recovery. Our data suggest that the inhibitory control by UNC-16 and the short isoform of DLK-1 balances the intrinsic growth-promoting function of the long isoform of DLK-1 in vivo. We propose a model where UNC-16’s inhibitory role in regeneration occurs through both a tight temporal and spatial control of DLK-1 and cytoskeletal dynamics.
Clonal evolution in serially passaged Cryptococcus neoformans × deneoformans hybrids reveals a heterogenous landscape of genomic change
Authors: Michelotti Lucas A , Sun Sheng , Heitman Joseph , James Timothy Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans × deneoformans hybrids (also known as serotype AD hybrids) are basidiomycete yeasts that are common in a clinical setting. Like many hybrids, the AD hybrids are largely locked at the F1 stage and are mostly unable to undergo normal meiotic reproduction. However, these F1 hybrids, which display a high (∼10%) sequence divergence are known to genetically diversify through mitotic recombination and aneuploidy, and this diversification may be adaptive. In this study, we evolved a single AD hybrid genotype in six diverse environments by serial passaging and then used genome resequencing of evolved clones to determine evolutionary mechanisms of adaptation. The evolved clones generally increased fitness after passaging, accompanied by an average of 3.3 point mutations, 2.9 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events, and 0.7 trisomic chromosomes per clone. LOH occurred through nondisjunction of chromosomes, crossing over consistent with break-induced replication, and gene conversion, in that order of prevalence. The breakpoints of these recombination events were significantly associated with regions of the genome with lower sequence divergence between the parents and clustered in sub-telomeric regions, notably in regions that had undergone introgression between the two parental species. Parallel evolution was observed, particularly through repeated homozygosity via nondisjunction, yet there was little evidence of environment-specific parallel change for either LOH, aneuploidy, or mutations. These data show that AD hybrids have both a remarkable genomic plasticity and yet are challenged in the ability to recombine through sequence divergence and chromosomal rearrangements, a scenario likely limiting the precision of adaptive evolution to novel environments.
Lifecourse Educational Trajectories and Hypertension in Midlife: An Application of Sequence Analysis
Authors: Duarte Catherine dP , Wannier S Rae , Cohen Alison K , Glymour M Maria , Ream Robert K , Yen Irene H , Vable Anusha M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Higher educational attainment predicts lower hypertension. Yet, associations between nontraditional educational trajectories (eg, interrupted degree programs) and hypertension are less well understood, particularly among structurally marginalized groups who are more likely to experience these non-traditional trajectories.

Methods
In National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort data (N = 6 317), we used sequence and cluster analyses to identify groups of similar educational sequences—characterized by timing and type of terminal credential—that participants followed from age 14–48 years. Using logistic regression, we estimated associations between the resulting 10 educational sequences and hypertension at age 50. We evaluated effect modification by individual-level indicators of structural marginalization (race, gender, race and gender, and childhood socioeconomic status [cSES]).

Results
Compared to terminal high school (HS) diploma completed at traditional age, terminal GED (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.66) or Associate degree after &lt;HS (OR: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.11, 3.35) was associated with higher hypertension. There was some evidence of effect modification. Hypertension associated with delayed HS diploma versus HS diploma at a traditional age (the reference) was lower for Black men than White men (interaction term: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.91); similarly, hypertension associated with &lt;HS versus completing HS at a traditional age was lower for people with low cSES than people with high cSES (interaction term: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.30, 0.90).

Conclusions
Both type and timing to terminal credential matter for hypertension but effects may vary by experiences of structural marginalization. Documenting the nuanced ways in which complex educational trajectories are associated with health could elucidate underlying mechanisms and inform systems-level interventions for health equity.
Importance of fracture deformation throughout hydraulic testing under in situ conditions
Authors: Schmidt P , Dutler N , Steeb H 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY
In this work, we propose a hydro-mechanical simulation model to study the strong interaction of fluid flow and fracture deformation under in situ stress conditions. The general model is reduced under physics-based assumptions to provide an efficient numerical approach for inverse analysis of experimental studies and is applied to experimental field data obtained from hydraulic tests conducted at the Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland. The present set of hydro-mechanical measurement data provides not only valuable information about the transient pressure and flow evolution but also the transient change of fracture deformation. We aim to introduce a strongly coupled hydro-mechanical model to numerically characterize the fractured reservoir based on experimental data below the limit of hydraulically induced irreversible changes of the reservoir’s properties. Insights into the leading mechanisms of flow processes throughout hydraulic testing under in situ conditions are then gained by best numerical fits of the measurement data. Based on the experimental and numerical findings, this study emphasizes the importance of a consistent consideration of local and non-local fracture deformation throughout inverse analysis of hydraulic testing data to (a) better understand hydro-mechanical flow processes in fractured reservoirs and (b) increase the estimation quality of hydraulic properties of tested fractures.
Does continuation of antifibrotics before lung transplantation influence post-transplant outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Authors: Zhu Michael Z L , Huang Joanna Yilin , Liu David Hongwei , Snell Gregory I 
Published: August 2021

Summary
A best evidence topic was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: ‘Does continuation of antifibrotics before lung transplantation (LTx) influence post-transplant outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with regard to mortality, bronchial anastomotic dehiscence, reoperation for bleeding and wound complications, primary graft dysfunction or longer-term survival and allograft rejection?’ A total of 261 articles were found using the reported search strategy, of which 7 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. Six out of 7 studies demonstrated equivalent post-transplant survival among IPF patients on antifibrotics before LTx compared with controls. Five out of 6 studies showed no increase in the risk of major bleeding, wound or bronchial anastomotic complications. One bi-institutional study found a higher incidence of early bronchial anastomotic dehiscence, but this difference was not statistically significant after longer term follow-up. In a study that only included IPF patients who underwent single LTx, a lower incidence of grade 3 primary graft dysfunction was reported in the antifibrotic group compared with controls. Overall, to date, only small (N &lt; 40 in the antifibrotic group), non-risk-adjusted, retrospective observational studies have been published. Notwithstanding, the summation of available evidence suggests that, in IPF patients, continuation of antifibrotic therapy before LTx is likely safe, and the rates of perioperative bleeding, wound or bronchial anastomotic complications, as well as 30-day and 1-year survival, are similar to patients not on antifibrotics before LTx.
Modern History of Cholera Vaccines and the Pivotal Role of icddr,b
Authors: Holmgren Jan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The rapid spread of the seventh cholera pandemic over Asia in the 1960s led to several large field studies that revealed that the traditional injectable cholera vaccines had poor efficacy, which led the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1970s to stop recommending cholera vaccination. At the same time, it stimulated research that has led to the development of the effective orally administered cholera vaccines (OCVs) that today are a cornerstone in WHO’s strategy for Ending Cholera—A Global Roadmap to 2030. The first effective OCV, Dukoral, containing a mixture of inactivated Vibrio cholerae bacteria and cholera toxin B subunit, was licensed in 1991 and is, together with 2 similar inactivated whole-cell OCVs, Shanchol and Euvichol, currently WHO prequalified and recommended OCVs. This brief review is a personal account of the modern history of the development of these now universally recognized effective tools.
Flowcytometric and ImageStream RNA-FISH Gene Expression, Quantification and Phenotypic Characterization of Blood Stages and Sporozoites From Human Malaria Species
Authors: Luiza-Batista Camilla , Nardella Flore , Thiberge Sabine , Serra-Hassoun Malika , Ferreira Marcelo U , Scherf Artur , Garcia Sylvie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We adapted the RNA FISH Stellaris method to specifically detect the expression of Plasmodium genes by flow cytometry and ImageStream (Flow-FISH). This new method accurately quantified the erythrocytic forms of (1) Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax and (2) the sexual stages of P vivax from patient isolates. ImageStream analysis of liver stage sporozoites using a combination of surface circumsporozoite protein (CSP), deoxyribonucleic acid, and 18S RNA labeling proved that the new Flow-FISH is suitable for gene expression studies of transmission stages. This powerful multiparametric single-cell method offers a platform of choice for both applied and fundamental research on the biology of malaria parasites.