bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Concurrent Formation of Organic Sulfur and Iron Sulfides During Experimental Sulfurization of Sinking Marine Particles
Authors: Raven M. R. , Keil R. G. , Webb S. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganic matter (OM) sulfurization can enhance the preservation and sequestration of carbon in anoxic sediments, and it has been observed in sinking marine particles from marine O2‐deficient zones. The magnitude of this effect on carbon burial remains unclear, however, because the transformations that occur when sinking particles encounter sulfidic conditions remain undescribed. Here, we briefly expose sinking marine particles from the eastern tropical North Pacific O2‐deficient zone to environmentally relevant sulfidic conditions (20°C, 0.5 mM [poly]sulfide, 2 days) and then characterize the resulting solid‐phase organic and inorganic products in detail. During these experiments, the abundance of organic sulfur in both hydrolyzable and hydrolysis‐resistant solids roughly triples, indicating extensive OM sulfurization. Lipids also sulfurize on this time scale, albeit less extensively. In all three pools, OM sulfurization produces organic monosulfides, thiols, and disulfides. Hydrolyzable sulfurization products appear within ≤200‐μm regions of relatively homogeneous composition that are suggestive of sulfurized extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Concurrently, reactions with particulate iron oxyhydroxides generate low and fairly uniform concentrations of iron sulfide (FeS) within these same EPS‐like materials. Iron oxyhydroxides were not fully consumed during the experiment, which demonstrates that organic materials can be competitive with reactive iron for sulfide. These experiments support the hypothesis that sinking, OM‐rich and EPS‐rich particles in a sulfidic water mass can sulfurize within days, potentially contributing to enhanced sedimentary carbon sequestration. Additionally, sulfur‐isotope and chemical records of organic S and iron sulfides in sediments have the potential to incorporate signals from water column processes.
Impact of Subglacial Freshwater Discharge on Pine Island Ice Shelf
Authors: Nakayama Yoshihiro , Cai Cilan , Seroussi Helene 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSatellite‐based estimates of ice shelf melt rates reach 200 m close to the grounding line of Pine Island Glacier, in West Antarctica. However, ocean simulations have not yet been able to reproduce such high melt rates, even with high‐resolution models. Here, we use a regional model of Pine Island ice shelf cavity and study the impact of subglacial freshwater discharge on simulated ice shelf melt rates and ocean circulation in the cavity. We show that subglacial freshwater discharge substantially enhances ice shelf melting close to the grounding line, successfully simulating high ice shelf melt rates suggested by observations. The buoyant mixture of glacial meltwater plume rises to 27.4 isopycnal surfaces, following topographically constrained current, and spreads into mid‐depths at the ice shelf front. The role of freshwater discharge is likely to remain unchanged over the coming decades given the projected evolution of runoff and rainfall over Pine Island basin.
North Atlantic as a Trigger for Pacific‐Wide Decadal Climate Change
Authors: Yao Shuai‐Lei , Zhou Wen , Jin Fei‐Fei , Zheng Fei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) features a basin‐scale horseshoe‐like sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern. Its cold‐phase shift around 1999, implicated as a driver for the early‐2000s global warming slowdown, has been potentially linked to the Atlantic warming during the positive‐phase Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV). However, the key mechanism for the trans‐basin Atlantic‐Pacific teleconnection remains debatable. Here, we show that an AMV‐SST cooling can initiate a pan‐Pacific response. The North Atlantic cooling induces westerly wind anomalies over the central‐western equatorial Pacific as Kelvin‐wave responses and easterly wind anomalies over the far‐eastern equatorial Pacific as Rossby‐wave responses. Additionally, anomalous lows are generated over the extratropical North and South Pacific through the midlatitude Rossby wave propagation. The tropical and midlatitude teleconnections act together to develop into a warm‐phase IPO‐like pattern through the wind‐induced latent heat. Our results suggest a potential of advancing the predictability of IPO through a skillful simulation of AMV.
Role of Mixed‐Layer Instabilities in the Seasonal Evolution of Eddy Kinetic Energy Spectra in a Global Submesoscale Permitting Simulation
Authors: Khatri Hemant , Griffies Stephen M. , Uchida Takaya , Wang Han , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA submesoscale‐permitting global ocean simulation is used to study the upper ocean turbulence in high kinetic energy (KE) regions. Submesoscale processes peak in winter so that the geostrophic KE spectra tend to be relatively shallow in winter () with steeper spectra in summer (). This transition in KE spectral scaling has two phases. In the first phase (late autumn), KE spectra show the presence of two spectral regimes: power‐law in mesoscales and power‐law in submesoscales. The first phase appears with the onset of mixed‐layer instabilities, which convert available potential energy into KE, and this process results in a flattening of KE spectra at submesoscales. However, KE spectra at longer wavelengths follow scaling associated with a forward enstrophy transfer. In the second phase (late winter), KE produced through mixed‐layer instabilities is transferred to larger scales, and power‐law also develops in mesoscales.
Strengthened Relationship Between Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole and Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole After the Late 2000s
Authors: Huang Bicheng , Su Tao , Qu Shulin , Zhang Han , Hu Shujuan , Feng Guolin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study identifies a strengthened relationship between the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD) during January–February–March (JFM) and the following autumn Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) after the late 2000s. Following the positive SIOD, the northwesterly wind anomalies help to maintain positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean by wind‐evaporation‐SST (WES) feedback during June–July–August (JJA). The anomalous northwesterly winds and the sustained positive SST anomalies promote the development of the zonal wavenumber‐3 pattern (ZW3P) and induce low‐level convergence in the mid‐latitude central southern Indian Ocean, leading to the anticyclone circulation over the northern Indian Ocean by the local Hadley circulation during JJA. The accompanying central equatorial easterly wind anomalies appear in JJA, which is the key to trigger a positive IOD event through Bjerknes feedback. This mechanism for the enhanced SIOD‐IOD relationship is independent from the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
High‐Resolution Mapping of Ice Cover Changes in Over 33,000 Lakes Across the North Temperate Zone
Authors: Wang Xinchi , Feng Lian , Gibson Luke , Qi Wei , Liu Junguo , Zheng Yi , Tang Jing , Zeng Zhenzhong , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMore than 50% of global lakes periodically freeze, and their lake ice phenology is sensitive to climate change. However, spatially detailed quantification of the changes in lake ice at the global scale is not available. Here, we map ice cover in >33,000 lakes throughout the North Temperate Zone (23.5°–66.5°N) using 0.55 million Landsat images from 1985 to 2020. Over this period, we found a remarkable reduction in median ice cover occurrence (ICO) (61% to 43%), which was strongly related to warming terrestrial mean surface temperatures (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.05). Lakes in Europe showed the most pronounced ice loss (median ICO decreased from 50% to 24%), and extensive lake ice losses were also detected in the northern US, and central and eastern Asia. An overall increase in ice cover was identified from P2 (1999–2006) to P3 (2007–2014) due to regional decreased temperatures associated with the “global warming hiatus.” Thehigh‐resolution mapping of lake ice here provides essentialbaseline information whichcan be used to elucidate ice loss‐induced environmental and societal impacts.
Autoantibody profiles associated with clinical features in psychotic disorders
Authors: Jernbom Falk August , Galletly Cherrie , Just David , Toben Catherine , Baune Bernhard T. , Clark Scott R. , Liu Dennis , Nilsson Peter , Månberg Anna , Schubert K. Oliver 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutoimmune processes are suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. Better understanding of the associations between auto-immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoires and clinical features of mental illness could yield novel models of the pathophysiology of psychosis, and markers for biological patient stratification. We undertook cross-sectional detection and quantification of auto-IgGs in peripheral blood plasma of 461 people (39% females) with established psychotic disorder diagnoses. Broad screening of 24 individuals was carried out on group level in eight clinically defined groups using planar protein microarrays containing 42,100 human antigens representing 18,914 proteins. Autoantibodies indicated by broad screening and in the previous literature were measured using a 380-plex bead-based array for autoantibody profiling of all 461 individuals. Associations between autoantibody profiles and dichotomized clinical characteristics were assessed using a stepwise selection procedure. Broad screening and follow-up targeted analyses revealed highly individual autoantibody profiles. Females, and people with family histories of obesity or of psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia had the highest overall autoantibody counts. People who had experienced subjective thought disorder and/or were treated with clozapine (trend) had the lowest overall counts. Furthermore, six autoantibodies were associated with specific psychopathology symptoms: anti-AP3B2 (persecutory delusions), anti-TDO2 (hallucinations), anti-CRYGN (initial insomnia); anti-APMAP (poor appetite), anti-OLFM1 (above-median cognitive function), and anti-WHAMMP3 (anhedonia and dysphoria). Future studies should clarify whether there are causal biological relationships, and whether autoantibodies could be used as clinical markers to inform diagnostic patient stratification and choice of treatment.
Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate liver fibrosis by targeting Ly6Chi/lo macrophages through activating the cytokine-paracrine and apoptotic pathways
Authors: Li Yuan-hui , Shen Shuang , Shao Tong , Jin Meng-ting , Fan Dong-dong , Lin Ai-fu , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has become a promising treatment for liver fibrosis due to its predominant immunomodulatory performance in hepatic stellate cell inhibition and fibrosis resolution. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain limited. In the present study, we provide insights into the functional role of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in alleviating liver fibrosis by targeting intrahepatic Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo macrophage subsets in a mouse model. Upon chronic injury, the Ly6Chi subset was significantly increased in the inflamed liver. Transplantation of BM-MSCs markedly promoted a phenotypic switch from pro-fibrotic Ly6Chi subset to restorative Ly6Clo subpopulation by secreting paracrine cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 from the BM-MSCs. The Ly6Chi/Ly6Clo subset switch significantly blocked the source of fibrogenic TGF-β, PDGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β cytokines from Ly6Chi macrophages. Unexpectedly, BM-MSCs experienced severe apoptosis and produced substantial apoptotic bodies in the fibrotic liver during the 72 h period of transplantation. Most apoptotic bodies were engulfed by Ly6Clo macrophages, and this engulfment robustly triggered MMP12 expression for fibrosis resolution through the PtdSer-MerTK-ERK signaling pathway. This paper is the first to show previously unrecognized dual regulatory functions of BM-MSCs in attenuating hepatic fibrosis by promoting Ly6Chi/Ly6Clo subset conversion and Ly6Clo macrophage restoration through secreting antifibrogenic-cytokines and activating the apoptotic pathway.
A machine learning framework for damage mechanism identification from acoustic emissions in unidirectional SiC/SiC composites
Authors: Muir C. , Swaminathan B. , Fields K. , Almansour A. S. , Sevener K. , Smith C. , Presby M. , Kiser J. D. , Pollock T. M. , Daly S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate that damage mechanism identification from acoustic emission (AE) signals generated in minicomposites with elastically similar constituents is possible. AE waveforms were generated by SiC/SiC ceramic matrix minicomposites (CMCs) loaded under uniaxial tension and recorded by four sensors (two models with each model placed at two ends). Signals were encoded with a modified partial power scheme and subsequently partitioned through spectral clustering. Matrix cracking and fiber failure were identified based on the frequency information contained in the AE event they produced, despite the similar constituent elastic properties of the matrix and fiber. Importantly, the resultant identification of AE events closely followed CMC damage chronology, wherein early matrix cracking is later followed by fiber breaks, even though the approach is fully domain-knowledge agnostic. Additionally, the partitions were highly precise across both the model and location of the sensors, and the partitioning was repeatable. The presented approach is promising for CMCs and other composite systems with elastically similar constituents.
Antipsychotics for negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia: dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled acute phase trials
Authors: Sabe Michel , Zhao Nan , Crippa Alessio , Kaiser Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDetermining the optimal antipsychotic target dose in acute phase treatment is of high clinical relevance. The effect of antipsychotics on negative symptoms should be taken into account because patients will often continue on the treatment received in the acute phase. Therefore, we conducted a formal dose-response meta-analysis of negative symptoms and positive symptoms based on a systematic review of fixed-dose randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effectiveness of antipsychotics for the acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Forty RCTs included a total of 15,689 patients. The 95% effective doses per day for the 13 antipsychotics included and 3 long acting were mostly different for negative and positive symptoms: amisulpride (481 mg, 690.6 mg); aripiprazole (11.9 mg, 11 mg); asenapine (7.61 mg, 5.66 mg); brexpiprazole (2.1 mg, 4 mg); cariprazine (4 mg, 6.51 mg); haloperidol (6.34 mg, 7.36 mg); lurasidone (58.2 mg, 86.3 mg); olanzapine (15.5 mg, 9.52 mg); olanzapine long-acting injection (15.7 mg, 13.5 mg); paliperidone (7.2 mg, 7 mg); paliperidone long-acting injection (7.5 mg, 5.9 mg); quetiapine instant-release (264.2 mg, 316.5 mg); quetiapine extended-release (774 mg, 707.2 mg); risperidone (7.5 mg, 7.7 mg); risperidone long-acting injection (5.13 mg, 6.7 mg); sertindole (13.5 mg, 16.3 mg); and ziprasidone (71.6 mg, 152.6 mg). The shape of the dose-response curves varied across different drugs with most drugs showing a plateau at higher doses. Most dose-response curves suggested that the near-maximum effective doses could be in the lower-to-medium range of the licensed dose. Additional RCTs are necessary to establish the optimal dose.
Immunoprofiles associated with controlled human malaria infection and naturally acquired immunity identify a shared IgA pre-erythrocytic immunoproteome
Authors: Berry Andrea A. , Obiero Joshua M. , Travassos Mark A. , Ouattara Amed , Coulibaly Drissa , Adams Matthew , de Assis Rafael Ramiro , Jain Aarti , Taghavian Omid , Sy Andrew , Nakajima Rie , Jasinskas Algis , Laurens Matthew B. , Takala-Harrison Shannon , Kouriba Bourema , Kone Abdoulaye K. , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Sim B. Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Plowe Christopher V. , Thera Mahamadou A. , Felgner Philip L. , Lyke Kirsten E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the Plasmodium falciparum antigens that comprise the human liver stage immunoproteome is important for pre-erythrocytic vaccine development, but, compared with the erythrocytic stage immunoproteome, more challenging to classify. Previous studies of P. falciparum antibody responses report IgG and rarely IgA responses. We assessed IgG and IgA antibody responses in adult sera collected during two controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies in malaria-naïve volunteers and in 1- to 6-year-old malaria-exposed Malian children on a 251 P. falciparum antigen protein microarray. IgG profiles in the two CHMI groups were equivalent and differed from Malian children. IgA profiles were robust in the CHMI groups and a subset of Malian children. We describe immunoproteome differences in naïve vs. exposed individuals and report pre-erythrocytic proteins recognized by the immune system. IgA responses detected in this study expand the list of pre-erythrocytic antigens for further characterization as potential vaccine candidates.
Deimmunization of flagellin for repeated administration as a vaccine adjuvant
Authors: Khim Koemchhoy , Bang Yong Jun , Puth Sao , Choi Yoonjoo , Lee Youn Suhk , Jeong Kwangjoon , Lee Shee Eun , Rhee Joon Haeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlagellin, a protein-based Toll-like receptor agonist, is a versatile adjuvant applicable to wide spectrum of vaccines and immunotherapies. Given reiterated treatments of immunogenic biopharmaceuticals should lead to antibody responses precluding repeated administration, the development of flagellin not inducing specific antibodies would greatly expand the chances of clinical applications. Here we computationally identified immunogenic regions in Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B and deimmunized by simply removing a B cell epitope region. The recombinant deimmunized FlaB (dFlaB) maintains stable TLR5-stimulating activity. Multiple immunization of dFlaB does not induce FlaB-specific B cell responses in mice. Intranasally co-administered dFlaB with influenza vaccine enhanced strong Ag-specific immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments devoid of FlaB-specific Ab production. Notably, dFlaB showed better protective immune responses against lethal viral challenge compared with wild type FlaB. The deimmunizing B cell epitope deletion did not compromise stability and adjuvanticity, while suppressing unwanted antibody responses that may negatively affected vaccine antigen-directed immune responses in repeated vaccinations. We explain the underlying mechanism of deimmunization by employing molecular dynamics analysis.
Spatial allocation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission statistics data fusing multi-source data based on Bayesian network
Authors: Tao Jianbin , Kong XiangBing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA gridded social-economic data is essential for geoscience analysis and multidisciplinary application. Spatial allocation of carbon dioxide statistics data is an important issue in the context of global climate change, which involves the carbon emissions accounting and decomposition of responsibility for carbon emission reductions. In this research a new spatial allocation method for non-point source anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (ACDE) fusing multi-source data using Bayesian Network (BN) was introduced. In addition to common-used DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program), PD (population density) and GDP (Gross Domestic Production) data, the land cover and vegetation data was imported into the model as prior knowledge to optimize the model fitting. The prior knowledge here was based on the understanding that ACDE was dominated by human activities and has strong correlations with land cover and vegetation conditions. A 1 km gridded ACDE map integrated emissions form point-source and non-point source was generated and validated. The model predicts ACDE with high accuracies and great improvement can be observed when fusing land cover and vegetation as prior knowledge. The model can achieve successful statistics data downscaling on national scale provided adequate sample data are available, offering a novel method for ACDE accounting in China.
Reduced mitochondrial fission and impaired energy metabolism in human primary skeletal muscle cells of Megaconial Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Aksu-Menges Evrim , Eylem Cemil Can , Nemutlu Emirhan , Gizer Merve , Korkusuz Petek , Topaloglu Haluk , Talim Beril , Balci-Hayta Burcu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMegaconial Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by enlarged mitochondria located mainly at the periphery of muscle fibers and caused by mutations in the Choline Kinase Beta (CHKB) gene. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, there is accumulating evidence for the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics affects mitochondrial function and bioenergetic efficiency in skeletal muscle cells of Megaconial CMD. Immunofluorescence, confocal and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed impaired mitochondrial network, morphology, and localization in primary skeletal muscle cells of Megaconial CMD. The organelle disruption was specific only to skeletal muscle cells grown in culture. The expression levels of mitochondrial fission proteins (DRP1, MFF, FIS1) were found to be decreased significantly in both primary skeletal muscle cells and tissue sections of Megaconial CMD by Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence analysis. The metabolomic and fluxomic analysis, which were performed in Megaconial CMD for the first time, revealed decreased levels of phosphonucleotides, Krebs cycle intermediates, ATP, and altered energy metabolism pathways. Our results indicate that reduced mitochondrial fission and altered mitochondrial energy metabolism contribute to mitochondrial dysmorphology and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Megaconial CMD.
Artificial intelligence application versus physical therapist for squat evaluation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luna Alessandro , Casertano Lorenzo , Timmerberg Jean , O’Neil Margaret , Machowsky Jason , Leu Cheng-Shiun , Lin Jianghui , Fang Zhiqian , Douglas William , Agrawal Sunil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence technology is becoming more prevalent in health care as a tool to improve practice patterns and patient outcomes. This study assessed ability of a commercialized artificial intelligence (AI) mobile application to identify and improve bodyweight squat form in adult participants when compared to a physical therapist (PT). Participants randomized to AI group (n = 15) performed 3 squat sets: 10 unassisted control squats, 10 squats with performance feedback from AI, and 10 additional unassisted test squats. Participants randomized to PT group (n = 15) also performed 3 identical sets, but instead received performance feedback from PT. AI group intervention did not differ from PT group (log ratio of two odds ratios =  − 0.462, 95% confidence interval (CI) (− 1.394, 0.471), p = 0.332). AI ability to identify a correct squat generated sensitivity 0.840 (95% CI (0.753, 0.901)), specificity 0.276 (95% CI (0.191, 0.382)), PPV 0.549 (95% CI (0.423, 0.669)), NPV 0.623 (95% CI (0.436, 0.780)), and accuracy 0.565 95% CI (0.477, 0.649)). There was no statistically significant association between group allocation and improved squat performance. Current AI had satisfactory ability to identify correct squat form and limited ability to identify incorrect squat form, which reduced diagnostic capabilities.Trial Registration NCT04624594, 12/11/2020, retrospectively registered.