bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRIMED2 Preclinical Evidence Scoring Tool to Assess Readiness for Translation of Neuroprotection Therapies
Authors: Bahr-Hosseini Mersedeh , Bikson Marom , Iacoboni Marco , Liebeskind David S. , Hinman Jason D. , Carmichael S Thomas , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany neuroprotective and other therapies for treatment of acute ischemic stroke have failed in translation to human studies, indicating a need for more rigorous, multidimensional quality assessment of the totality of preclinical evidence supporting a therapy prior to conducting human trials. A consensus panel of stroke preclinical model and human clinical trial experts assessed candidate items for the translational readiness scale, compiled from prior instruments (STAIR, ARRIVE, CAMARADES, RoB 2) based on importance, reliability, and feasibility. Once constructed, the tool was applied by two independent raters to four current candidate acute stroke therapies, including two pharmacologic agents [nerinetide and trans-sodium crocetinate] and two device interventions [cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation and fastigial nucleus stimulation]. The Preclinical evidence of Readiness In stroke Models Evaluating Drugs and Devices (PRIMED2) assessment tool rates the totality of evidence available from all reported preclinical animal stroke model studies in 11 domains related to diversity of tested animals, time windows, feasibility of agent route of delivery, and robustness of effect magnitude. Within each content domain, clearly operationalized rules assign strength of evidence ratings of 0–2. When applied to the four assessed candidate agents, inter-rater reliability was high (kappa = 0.88), and each agent showed a unique profile of evidentiary strengths and weaknesses. The PRIMED2 assessment tool provides a multidimensional assessment of the cumulative preclinical evidence for a candidate acute stroke therapy on factors judged important for successful basic-to-clinical translation. Further evaluation and refinement of this tool is desirable to improve successful translation of therapies for acute stroke.
Lockdown effects on Parkinson’s disease during COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study
Authors: Falla Marika , Dodich Alessandra , Papagno Costanza , Gober Alessandro , Narduzzi Pamela , Pierotti Enrica , Falk Markus , Zappini Francesca , Colosimo Carlo , Turella Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak precipitated prolonged lock-down measures. The subsequent social distancing, isolation, and reduction in mobility increased psychological stress, which may worsen Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, telemedicine has been proposed to provide care to PD patients. To evaluate the effects of lock-down on motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the feasibility of telemedicine. Motor and nonmotor aspects were longitudinally assessed using structured questionnaires at baseline (in-person, February 2020) and at follow-up (remote web-based video, lock-down) evaluation. Of the seventeen PD patients evaluated at baseline, fourteen agreed to participate in, and completed follow-up evaluations. There was an impairment of nonmotor aspects measured with the MDS-UPDRS part I (p < 0.001) during lock-down. Nine patients participated independently in the telemedicine evaluation while five needed help from relatives. Our preliminary findings suggest an impairment of nonmotor symptoms in PD patients and support the feasibility and need for telemedicine in monitoring PD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, to guarantee optimal assistance with reducing the burden of infection. Our findings also suggest that movement disorder clinics should be carefully considering socio-demographics and clinical features when developing telemedicine programs.
Prenatal Diagnosis for a Novel Missense Mutation in X-Linked Intellectual Disability Gene Followed by Favorable Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Khatter Sangeeta , Bajaj Ritika , Sharma Nidhi , Jindal Sheetal , Jindal Umesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntellectual disability (ID) is still unexplained in 60% of cases and prenatal diagnosis is very challenging for this condition. A second gravida presented to us at 6 weeks of gestation for counseling. Her previous child had been diagnosed with ID and autism. Detailed family history showed that her brother also had ID. Screening investigations were normal for the affected child. Exome sequencing report revealed variation of unknown significance (VOUS) on SIN3A gene and UPF3B gene. The variation in X-linked UPF3B gene was reclassified as novel pathogenic variation after segregation studies with parents and affected maternal uncle for both the genes variations. An amniocentesis was done at 18 weeks gestation for the novel mutation in the UPF3B gene and the fetus was found unaffected. The patient delivered a healthy male child who is doing well at two years of age. To conclude, we should not disregard VOUS on exome sequencing. Identification of VOUS requires careful genotype-phenotype correlation and segregation studies to counsel parents regarding the risk of having another affected child.
Sleep disturbance among frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Al Maqbali Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance and related psychological factors (stress, anxiety and depression) among frontline nurses in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional and descriptive correlational design using Qualtrics® software was used in this research. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with poor sleep quality. Of the 987 frontline nurses who participated, 58.8% (n = 580) reported poor sleep quality. In an examination of PSQI components the mean sleep duration was 7.04 (SD = 1.59) hours per night, and the sleep latency mean was 38.18 min (SD = 31.81). Poor sleep (p < .05) was significantly associated with age, marital status, years of experience, comorbidity, and whether family members or relatives were suspected or confirmed with having COVID-19. Logistic regression showed that poor quality of sleep was significantly associated with stress, anxiety and depression symptoms. Sleep disturbance is a significant problem for frontline nurses working in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate interventions to maintain the health conditions and reduce sleep disturbance among frontline nurses are needed in order to help support nurses’ work during contagious disease outbreaks. These can be implemented through online workshops and training to enhance nurses’ responses to the pandemic or to any further disease outbreaks.
One-dimensional system arising in stochastic gradient descent
Authors: Karatapanis Konstantinos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider stochastic differential equations of the form $dX_t = |f(X_t)|/t^{\gamma} dt+1/t^{\gamma} dB_t$, where f(x) behaves comparably to $|x|^k$ in a neighborhood of the origin, for $k\in [1,\infty)$. We show that there exists a threshold value $ \,{:}\,{\raise-1.5pt{=}}\, \tilde{\gamma}$ for $\gamma$, depending on k, such that if $\gamma \in (1/2, \tilde{\gamma})$, then $\mathbb{P}(X_t\rightarrow 0) = 0$, and for the rest of the permissible values of $\gamma$, $\mathbb{P}(X_t\rightarrow 0)>0$. These results extend to discrete processes that satisfy $X_{n+1}-X_n = f(X_n)/n^\gamma +Y_n/n^\gamma$. Here, $Y_{n+1}$ are martingale differences that are almost surely bounded.This result shows that for a function F whose second derivative at degenerate saddle points is of polynomial order, it is always possible to escape saddle points via the iteration $X_{n+1}-X_n =F'(X_n)/n^\gamma +Y_n/n^\gamma$ for a suitable choice of $\gamma$.
Continuum line-of-sight percolation on Poisson–Voronoi tessellations
Authors: Le Gall Quentin , Błaszczyszyn Bartłomiej , Cali Élie , En-Najjary Taoufik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study a new model for continuum line-of-sight percolation in a random environment driven by the Poisson–Voronoi tessellation in the d-dimensional Euclidean space. The edges (one-dimensional facets, or simply 1-facets) of this tessellation are the support of a Cox point process, while the vertices (zero-dimensional facets or simply 0-facets) are the support of a Bernoulli point process. Taking the superposition Z of these two processes, two points of Z are linked by an edge if and only if they are sufficiently close and located on the same edge (1-facet) of the supporting tessellation. We study the percolation of the random graph arising from this construction and prove that a 0–1 law, a subcritical phase, and a supercritical phase exist under general assumptions. Our proofs are based on a coarse-graining argument with some notion of stabilization and asymptotic essential connectedness to investigate continuum percolation for Cox point processes. We also give numerical estimates of the critical parameters of the model in the planar case, where our model is intended to represent telecommunications networks in a random environment with obstructive conditions for signal propagation.
Online news media reporting of ketamine as a treatment for depression from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Gallagher Bronagh , Neiman Aaron , Slattery Marie-Claire , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:Since the first reporting of ketamine’s antidepressant effects in 2000, there has been growing public interest in this novel rapid-acting treatment for depression despite its abuse potential. Online media is an increasingly popular way for the general public to source information. Our objective was to examine how online news outlets have portrayed ketamine as an antidepressant by ascertaining the volume and content of relevant articles and trends over time.Methods:In this semi-quantitative study, we identified articles regarding ketamine’s use in depression from the 30 most popular English-language online news-generating sources over 18 years (2000–2017). Articles were then blindly assessed by 2 independent raters, who analysed the texts by quantifying the presence/absence of 12 content items.Results:We identified 97 articles, the number of which has increased since the first online news report in 2006. Most (69%) came from the USA and nearly all correctly stated the indications for ketamine. About half of the most recent articles mentioned abuse potential and 27% of articles referred to risks of unregulated use of ketamine. Just under 20% of articles referred to the lack of evidence regarding direct comparisons between ketamine and other currently available antidepressants. There was no difference in the overall level of detail within the articles during the study time period.Conclusions:Online news media articles have been generally positive about ketamine for treating depression but need to be interpreted with caution as many of them did not discuss negative aspects of ketamine and made unsubstantiated claims about ketamine.
Apologies as ‘shame management’: the politics of remorse in the aftermath of historical institutional abuse
Authors: McAlinden Anne-Marie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the role of apology as a vehicle for shame management in the aftermath of historical institutional abuse (HIA). It draws on extensive fieldwork in Ireland, North and South, including: archival research on public apologies; focus groups with members of the public and with victims; and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. It focuses on the complexities of apology in managing ‘shame’ and ‘self-blame’ for those constituencies affected by HIA – survivors, apologisers, institutions and wider society. Drawing on the notions of ‘shame’ and ‘shame management’, it proposes an interdependent model in order to better understand the function and meaning of apology in such contexts. In addressing the multi-layered relational dimensions of shame surrounding HIA, apology is presented as a potential means of invoking: (a) truth for victims; (b) accountability of offenders; (c) leadership of institutions; and (d) the re-imagination of national identity. The paper concludes by examining the additional performative aspects of shaming and the emotional expression of remorse in establishing proximity to historical wrongdoing.
VOICE ONSET TIME IN MULTILINGUAL SPEAKERS: ITALIAN HERITAGE SPEAKERS IN GERMANY WITH L3 ENGLISH
Authors: Geiss Miriam , Gumbsheimer Sonja , Lloyd-Smith Anika , Schmid Svenja , Kupisch Tanja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study brings together two previously largely independent fields of multilingual language acquisition: heritage language and third language (L3) acquisition. We investigate the production of fortis and lenis stops in semi-naturalistic speech in the three languages of 20 heritage speakers (HSs) of Italian with German as a majority language and English as L3. The study aims to identify the extent to which the HSs produce distinct values across all three languages, or whether crosslinguistic influence (CLI) occurs. To this end, we compare the HSs’ voice onset time (VOT) values with those of L2 English speakers from Italy and Germany. The language triad exhibits overlapping and distinct VOT realizations, making VOT a potentially vulnerable category. Results indicate CLI from German into Italian, although a systemic difference is maintained. When speaking English, the HSs show an advantage over the Italian L2 control group, with less prevoicing and longer fortis stops, indicating a specific bilingual advantage.
Feeling, Orientation and Agency in Kant: A Response to Merritt and Eran
Authors: Cohen Alix 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn my interpretation of Kant, feeling plays a central role in the mind: it has the distinct function of tracking and evaluating our activity in relation to ourselves and the world so as to orient us. In this article, I set out to defend this view against a number of objections raised by Melissa Merritt and Uri Eran. I conclude with some reflections on the fact that, despite being very different, Merritt and Eran’s respective views of Kantian feelings turn out to have something potentially problematic in common: they blur the boundary between feelings and other kinds of mental states.
“A Superior Kind of Working Woman”: The Contested Meaning of Vocational Education for Girls in Progressive Era Chicago
Authors: Oram Ruby 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProgressive Era school officials transformed public education in American cities by teaching male students trades like foundry, carpentry, and mechanics in classrooms outfitted like factories. Historians have demonstrated how this “vocational education movement” was championed by male administrators and business leaders anxious to train the next generation of expert tradesmen. But women also hoped vocational education could prepare female students for industrial careers. In the early twentieth century, members of the National Women’s Trade Union League demanded that public schools open trade programs to female students and teach future working women the history of capitalism and the philosophy of collective bargaining. Their ambitious goals were tempered by some middle-class reformers and club women who argued vocational programs should also prepare female students for homemaking and motherhood. This article uses Chicago as a case study to explore how Progressive Era women competed and collaborated to reform vocational education for girls, and how female students responded to new school programs designed to prepare them for work both in and outside the home.
A compact omnidirectional to directional frequency reconfigurable antenna for wireless sensor network applications
Authors: Jose Melvin Chamakalayil , Sankararajan Radha , Sreeja Balakrishnapillai Suseela , Alsath Mohammed Gulam Nabi , Kumar Pratap 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the proposed research paper, a novel compact, ultra-wideband electronically switchable dual-band omnidirectional to directional radiation pattern microstrip planar printed rectangular monopole antenna (PRMA) has been presented. The proposed antenna system has an optimum size of 0.26 λ0 × 0.28 λ0. A combination of radiators, reflectors, and two symmetrical grounds does place on the same layer of the rectangular microstrip PRMA. The frequency agility and the radiation pattern from omnidirectional to directional are achieved using two SMD PIN diodes (SMP1340-04LF). The directional radiation patterns with 180° phase shifts are achieved at the C-band frequency spectrum. The parametric study of the proposed antenna system was performed for different design parameters, and the antenna characteristics were analyzed. An antenna prototype is fabricated using the printed circuit board etching method by using RMI UV laser etching and cutting tools. The measurements of the proposed antenna are conducted in an anechoic chamber to validate the simulations. There are three states of operations due to two SMD PIN diodes being used in switching circuits. In state-I, the proposed antenna radiates at 6.185 GHz (5.275–6.6 75 GHz) in the Ф = 270° direction with a gain of 2.1 dBi, whereas in state-II, it radiates at 5.715 GHz (5.05–6.8 GHz) in the Ф = 90° direction with a gain of 2.1 dBi. In state-III, the antenna exhibits the X-band frequency with center frequency at 9.93 GHz (8.845–10.49 GHz), and the omnidirectional pattern offers a gain of 4.1 dBi. The features of the proposed antenna are suitable for high-speed wireless sensor network communication in industries such as chemical reactors in oil and gas and pharmaceuticals. It is also well suited for IoT and 5G-sub-6-GHz applications.
Inheritance of evolved thiocarbamate resistance in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations from Australia
Authors: Brunton David J. , Boutsalis Peter , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPopulations of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) from southern Australia have evolved resistance to the thiocarbamate herbicide prosulfocarb. The inheritance of prosulfocarb resistance was explored by crossing resistant (R) and susceptible (S) individuals. In all families within each cross, except 16.2, the response of the F1 was intermediate between the parents, suggesting that resistance is inherited as a single, partially dominant trait. For 16.2, the response of the F1 was more similar to the S parent, suggesting resistance may be a recessive trait in this population. Segregation at the discriminating dose of 1,200 g ai ha−1 prosulfocarb in population 375-14 fit the ratio (15:1) consistent with two independent dominant alleles; in population 198-15, it fit a ratio (13:3) for two independent alleles, one dominant and one recessive; and in population EP162, it fit a ratio (9:7) for two additive dominant alleles. In contrast, segregation of population 16.2 fit a ratio (7:9) consistent with two independent recessive alleles contributing to prosulfocarb resistance. Four different patterns of resistance to prosulfocarb were identified in different R populations, with inheritance as a dominant allele, dominant and recessive, additive dominant and as an independent recessive allele. This suggests there are several different mechanisms of prosulfocarb resistance present in L. rigidum.
Lava Flow Eruption Conditions in the Tharsis Volcanic Province on Mars
Authors: Peters S. I. , Christensen P. R. , Clarke A. B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVolcanism has played a major role in modifying the Martian surface. The Tharsis volcanic province dominates the western hemisphere of the planet with numerous effusive volcanic constructs and deposits. Here, we present the results of an in‐depth study aimed at characterizing and modeling the emplacement conditions of 40 lava flows in the Tharsis volcanic province. These lava flows display a range of lengths (∼15–310 km), widths (∼0.5–29 km), and thicknesses (∼11–91 m). The volumes and flow masses range from ∼1 to 440 km3 and ∼1011 to 1014 kg, respectively. Using three different models, we calculated a range of eruption rates (0.3–3.5 × 104 m3/s), viscosities (104–107 Pa s), yield strengths (800–104 Pa), and emplacement times (8 h–11 years). While the flow lengths and volumes are typically larger than terrestrial lava flows by an order of magnitude, rheologies and eruption rates are similar based on our findings. Emplacement times suggest that eruptions were active for long periods of time, which implies the presence and persistence of open subsurface pathways. Differences in flow morphology and emplacement conditions across localities within Tharsis highlight different pathways and volumes of available material between the central volcanoes and the plains. The scale of the eruptions suggests there could have been eruption‐driven local, regional, and perhaps, global impacts on the Martian climate. The relatively recent age of the eruptions implies that Mars has retained the capability of producing significant localized volcanism.
Southern Ocean Ecosystem Response to Last Glacial Maximum Boundary Conditions
Authors: Saini Himadri , Kvale Karin , Chase Zanna , Kohfeld Karen E. , Meissner Katrin J. , Menviel Laurie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhytoplankton exert a significant control on the marine carbon cycle and can thus impact atmospheric CO2 concentration. Here we use a new ecosystem model to analyze the response of diatoms and coccolithophores in the Southern Ocean to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate conditions, and changes in aeolian iron (Fe) input in the Southern Ocean. We find that LGM climate conditions without changes in Fe input lead to a large increase in diatoms north of the winter sea ice edge in the South Atlantic (19%) and the South Pacific (26%), and a 31% and 9% increase within the seasonal sea‐ice zone in the South Atlantic and Indian oceans, respectively, while diatoms decrease in the Ross and Weddell Seas, and in the South Pacific (62%) south of the winter sea ice edge. Coccolithophores increase by 11% in the South West Atlantic near 45°S but are outcompeted by diatoms within the seasonal sea‐ice zone, where they decrease by 21%. Overall, this results in a 11% decrease in Southern Ocean net primary productivity (NPP) and a 2.4% decrease in export production (EP). A series of sensitivity experiments with different aeolian Fe input are compared to available paleo‐proxy records. The best fit is obtained for a simulation forced with dust fluxes from Lambert et al. (2015), https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064250 and reduced Antarctic Bottom Water formation in the Weddell Sea. The 78% increase in aeolian Fe input in the Southern Ocean in this simulation increases the Southern Ocean EP by 4.4%, while NPP remains 8.7% weaker compared to preindustrial.
Causes of Jets in the Quasi‐Perpendicular Magnetosheath
Authors: Kajdič Primož , Raptis Savvas , Blanco‐Cano Xóchitl , Karlsson Tomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetosheath jets are currently an important topic in the field of magnetosheath physics. It is thought that 97% of the jets are produced by the shock rippling at quasi‐parallel shocks. Recently, large statistical studies of magnetosheath jets have been performed, however, it is not clear whether rippling also produces jets found downstream of quasi‐perpendicular shocks. We analyze four types of events in the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath with signatures characteristic of magnetosheath jets, namely increased density and/or dynamic pressure that were not produced by the shock rippling: (a) magnetic flux tubes connected to the quasi‐parallel bow‐shock, (b) nonreconnecting current sheets, (c) reconnection exhausts, and (d) mirror‐mode waves. The flux tubes are downstream equivalents of the upstream traveling foreshocks. Magnetosheath jets can impact the magnetopause, so knowing the conditions under which they form may enable us to understand their signatures in the magnetosphere.