bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health symptoms and suicidality in Iranian gay men
Authors: Kabir Amir , Brinsworth Jordan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo published data is currently available on mental health symptoms and suicidality in Iranian gay men – a population facing serious legal threats including capital punishment.MethodsThe present study provides initial data on this topic by assessing mental health symptoms (SCL-90) and suicidality (BSSI) in N = 213 gay men in Tehran, Iran.ResultsLast-week mental health symptoms were severe in 4.2% of gay men, moderate in 7.5%, minor in 27.7%, and absent in 61.6% of Iranian gay men. Regarding last-week suicidality: 1.9% were highly likely to attempt suicide, 7.5% reported having threatened to commit suicide, 19.7% reported suicidal ideation, and 80.28% revealed no suicidality. Last-week mental health symptoms and last-week suicidality were correlated in gay men to a high degree.ConclusionsWhen descriptively comparing the SCL-90 and BSSI scores with those in the general Iranian population reported in previous studies, gay men reported more serious mental health symptoms, and more suicidal ideation, threats, and attempts. The decriminalization of same-sex sexual encounters and accepting social attitudes towards gay men are needed in Iran to help improve this population's mental health and reduce their suicidality.
Desired model compensation-based position constrained control of robotic manipulators
Authors: Gul Samet , Zergeroglu Erkan , Tatlicioglu Enver , Kilinc Mesih Veysi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work presents the design and the corresponding stability analysis of a desired model-based, joint position constrained, controller formulation for robotic manipulators. Specifically, provided that the initial joint position tracking error signal starts within some predefined region, the proposed controller ensures that the joint tracking error signal remains inside this region and approaches to zero asymptotically. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental studies performed on a two-link direct-drive planar robot are provided in order to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller.
Age-Friendly Cities and Older Indigenous People: An Exploratory Study in Prince George, Canada
Authors: Nelson Sarah E. , Rosenberg Mark W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCities around the world are responding to aging populations and equity concerns for older people by developing age-friendly communities plans, following the World Health Organization’s guidelines. Such plans, however, often fail to account for the wide diversity of older people in cities, with the result that some older people, including Indigenous older people, do not see their needs reflected in age-friendly planning and policies. This article reports on a study involving 10 older First Nations and Métis women in the city of Prince George, Canada, comparing the expressed needs of these women with two age-friendly action plans: that of the city of Prince George, and that of the Northern Health Authority. Four main categories were raised in a group discussion and interview with these women at the Prince George Native Friendship Centre: availability of health care services, accessibility and affordability of programs and services, special roles of Indigenous Elders, and experiences of racism and discrimination. There are many areas of synergy between the needs expressed by the women and the two action plans; however, certain key areas are missing from the action plans; in particular, specific strategies for attending to the needs of Indigenous and other older populations who often feel marginalized in health care and in age-friendly planning.
Importance of real-time measurement of sperm head morphology in intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Itoi Fumiaki , Miyamoto Toshinobu , Himaki Takehiro , Honnma Hiroyuki , Sano Miho , Ueda Jun 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an important technique in male infertility treatment. Currently, sperm selection for ICSI in human assisted reproductive technology (ART) is subjective, based on a visual assessment by the operator. Therefore, it is desirable to develop methods that can objectively provide an accurate assessment of the shape and size of sperm heads that use low-magnification microscopy available in most standard fertility clinics. Recent studies have shown a correlation between sperm head size and shape and chromosomal abnormalities, and fertilization rate, and various attempts have been made to establish automated computer-based measurement of the sperm head itself. For example, a dictionary-learning technique and a deep-learning-based method have both been developed. Recently, an automatic algorithm was reported that detects sperm head malformations in real time for selection of the best sperm for ICSI. These data suggest that a real-time sperm selection system for use in ICSI is necessary. Moreover, these systems should incorporate inverted microscopes (×400–600 magnification) but not the fluorescence microscopy techniques often used for a dictionary-learning technique and a deep-learning-based method. These advances are expected to improve future success rates of ARTs. In this review, we summarize recent reports on the assessment of sperm head shape, size, and acrosome status in relation to fertility, and propose further improvements that can be made to the ARTs used in infertility treatments.
A qualitative study exploring risk perception in congenital cardiac surgery: the perspective of UK surgeons
Authors: Lotto Robyn R , Seaton Sarah E , Jones Ian D , Lotto Attilio A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Managing risk is central to clinical care, yet most research focuses on patient perception, as opposed to how risk is enacted within the clinical setting by healthcare professionals.Aim:To explore how surgical risk is perceived, encountered, and managed by congenital cardiac surgeons.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 congenital cardiac surgeons representing every unit across England and Wales. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, with analysis based on the constant comparative approach.Findings:Three themes were identified, reflecting the interactions between personal, institutional, and political context in which risk is encountered and managed. First, “communicating risk” highlights the complexity and variability in methods employed by surgeons to balance legal/moral obligations with parental need and expectations. Universally, surgeons described the need for flexibility in their approach in order to meet the needs of individual patients. Second, “scrutiny and accountability” captures the spectrum of opinion arising from the binary nature of the outcomes collated and the way in which they are perceived to be interpreted. Third, “nature of the job” highlights the personal and professional implications of conveying and managing risk and the impact of recent policy changes on the way this is enacted.Conclusion:Variations in approaches to communicating risk demonstrate a lack of consensus, compounded by insufficient evidence to determine or monitor a “best-care” approach. With current surgical outcomes suggesting little room for increasing survival rates, future care needs should shift to the “soft skills” in order to continue to drive improvements in parental and patient experience.
Development and external validation of the ‘Flower-FFQ’: a FFQ designed for the Lifelines Cohort Study
Authors: Brouwer-Brolsma Elske M , Perenboom Corine , Sluik Diewertje , van de Wiel Anne , Geelen Anouk , Feskens Edith JM , de Vries Jeanne HM 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective:
FFQ assess habitual dietary intake and are relatively inexpensive to process, but may take up to 60 min to complete. This article describes the validation of the Flower-FFQ, which consists of four short FFQ measuring the intake of energy and macronutrients or specific (micro)nutrients/foods that can be merged into one complete daily assessment using predefined algorithms.

Design:
Participants completed the Flower-FFQ and validated regular-FFQ (n 401). Urinary N (n 242) and K excretions (n 361) were measured. We evaluated: (1) group-level bias, (2) correlations and (3) cross-classification.

Setting:
Observational study.

Participants:
Dutch adults, 54 ± 11 (mean ± SD) years.

Results:
Flower-FFQ1, Flower-FFQ2, Flower-FFQ3 and Flower-FFQ4 were completed in ±24, 9, 8 and 9 min (±50 min total), respectively. The regular-FFQ was completed in ±43 min. Mean energy (flower v. regular: 7953 v. 8718 kJ/d) and macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates: 204 v. 222 g/d; protein: 75 v. 76 g/d; fat: 74 v. 83 g/d; ethanol: 8 v. 12 g/d) were comparatively similar. Spearman correlations between Flower-FFQ and regular-FFQ ranged from 0·60 to 0·80 for macronutrients and from 0·40 to 0·80 for micronutrients and foods. For all micronutrients and foods, ≥ 78 % of the participants classified in the same/adjacent quartile. The Flower-FFQ underestimated urinary N and K excretions by 24 and 18 %; 75 and 73 % of the participants ranked in the same/adjacent quartile.

Conclusion:
Completing the Flower-FFQ required 50 min with a maximum of 25 min per short FFQ. The Flower-FFQ has a moderate to good ranking ability for most nutrients and foods and performs sufficiently to study diet–disease associations.
Validation of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) FFQ for use among adults in Lebanon
Authors: Khaled Karim , Hundley Vanora , Bassil Maya , Bazzi Mira , Tsofliou Fotini 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To validate the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) FFQ in Lebanon.Design:Validation of the EPIC FFQ was done against three 24-h recalls (24-HR). Unadjusted and energy-adjusted correlations, Bland–Altman plots and weighed kappa statistics were used to assess the agreement between the two methods.Setting:Lebanon.Participants:119 adults (staff and students) at a Lebanese University.Results:Good unadjusted and energy-adjusted correlation coefficients were found between data from the two methods which ranged from –0·002 (vitamin A) to 0·337 (carbohydrates) and were all statistically significant except for vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin A, Se and niacin. Slight/fair agreement was reported through weighed kappa estimates for unadjusted data ranging from –0·05 (vitamin C) to 0·248 (Mg) and for energy-adjusted data ranging from –0·034 (vitamin A) to 0·203 (P). Individuals were categorised into exact and adjacent quartiles with an average of 78 % for unadjusted data and 70 % for energy-adjusted data, indicating a very good agreement between the EPIC FFQ and the average of the 24-HR data. The visual inspection of the Bland–Altman plots revealed an overestimation of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fat intakes by the FFQ method.Conclusion:Overall, when all tests were taken into consideration, the current study demonstrated an acceptable agreement of the EPIC FFQ with the 24-h dietary recall method and significantly good correlations between dietary intakes. Therefore, the EPIC FFQ can be considered a valid tool for assessing diet in epidemiological studies among Lebanese adults.
A wearable wrist haptic display for motion tracking and force feedback in the operational space
Authors: Laghi Marco , Catalano Manuel G. , Grioli Giorgio , Bicchi Antonio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Force feedback is often beneficial for robotic teleoperation, as it enhances the user’s remote perception. Over the years, many kinesthetic haptic displays (KHDs) have been proposed for this purpose, which have different types of interaction and feedback, depending on their kinematics and their interface with the operator, including, for example, grounded and wearable devices acting either at the joint or operational space (OS) level. Most KHDs in the literature are for the upper limb, with a majority acting at the shoulder/elbow level, and others focusing on hand movements. A minority exists which addresses wrist motions. In this paper, we present the Wearable Delta (W

$ \Delta $

), a proof-of-concept wearable wrist interface with hybrid parallel–serial kinematics acting in the OS, able to render a desired force directly to the hand involving just the forearm–hand subsystem. It has six degrees of freedom (DoFs), three of which are actuated, and is designed to reduce the obstruction of the range of the user’s wrist. Integrated with positions/inertial sensors at the elbow and upper arm, the W

$ \Delta $

allows the remote control of a full articulated robotic arm. The paper covers the whole designing process, from the concept to the validation, as well as a multisubject experimental campaign that investigates its usability. Finally, it presents a section that, starting from the experimental results, aims to discuss and summarize the W

$ \Delta $

advantages and limitations and look for possible future improvements and research directions.
Watershed‐Scale Effective Hydraulic Properties of the Continental United States
Authors: Tashie Arik , Pavelsky Tamlin , Band Lawrence , Topp Simon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn land surface models (LSMs), the hydraulic properties of the subsurface are commonly estimated according to the texture of soils at the Earth's surface. This approach ignores macropores, fracture flow, heterogeneity, and the effects of variable distribution of water in the subsurface on effective watershed‐scale hydraulic variables. Using hydrograph recession analysis, we empirically constrain estimates of watershed‐scale effective hydraulic conductivities (K) and effective drainable aquifer storages (S) of all reference watersheds in the conterminous United States for which sufficient streamflow data are available (n = 1,561). Then, we use machine learning methods to model these properties across the entire conterminous United States. Model validation results in high confidence for estimates of log(K) (r2 > 0.89; 1% < bias < 9%) and reasonable confidence for S (r2 > 0.83; −70% < bias < −18%). Our estimates of effective K are, on average, two orders of magnitude higher than comparable soil‐texture‐based estimates of average K, confirming the importance of soil structure and preferential flow pathways at the watershed scale. Our estimates of effective S compare favorably with recent global estimates of mobile groundwater and are spatially heterogeneous (5–3,355 mm). Because estimates of S are much lower than the global maximums generally used in LSMs (e.g., 5,000 mm in Noah‐MP), they may serve both to limit model spin‐up time and to constrain model parameters to more realistic values. These results represent the first attempt to constrain estimates of watershed‐scale effective hydraulic variables that are necessary for the implementation of LSMs for the entire conterminous United States.
Paleoseismic Evidence of anMw7 Pre‐Hispanic Earthquake in the Peruvian Forearc
Authors: Benavente Carlos , Wimpenny Sam , Rosell Lorena , Robert Xavier , Palomino Anderson , Audin Laurence , Aguirre Enoch , García Briant 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present the results of a paleoseismic survey of the Incapuquio Fault System, a prominent transpressional fault system cutting the forearc of South Perú. High‐resolution Digital Elevation Models, optical satellite imagery, radiocarbon dating, and paleoseismic trenching indicate that at least 2–3 m of net slip occurred on the Incapuquio Fault generating a complex, ∼100‐km long set of segmented fault scarps in the early 15th century (∼1400–1440 CE). We interpret the consistent along‐strike pattern of fault scarp heights, geometries and kinematics to reflect a surface rupture generated by a singleMw7.4–7.7 earthquake, suggesting that brittle failure of the forearc poses a significant, yet mostly overlooked, seismic hazard to the communities in coastal areas of Perú. The timing of this earthquake coincides with the collapse of the Chiribaya civilization in ∼1360–1400 CE, and we present evidence of damaged buildings along the fault trace that may be of Chiribayas age. Our surface faulting observations, when combined with observations of deformation in the forearc from geodesy and seismology, also demonstrate that the forearc in South Perú experiences a complex, time‐varying pattern of permanent strain, with evidence for trench‐parallel shortening, trench‐parallel extension, and trench‐perpendicular shortening all in close proximity but in different periods of the megathrust earthquake cycle. The kinematics of recent slip on the Incapuquio Fault are consistent with the sense of interseismic strain within the forearc measured by GPS, suggesting the fault is loaded toward failure between megathrust earthquakes.
Morphological Response of Channelized, Sinuous Gravel‐Bed Rivers to Sediment Replenishment
Authors: Rachelly C. , Friedl F. , Boes R. M. , Weitbrecht V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic alterations of sediment supply and transport processes may impact the ecological state of riverscapes and threaten infrastructure along the river. Sediment replenishment is one restoration method that is employed in channels impacted by sediment deficit. We performed flume experiments to investigate the channel bed response of a channelized, sinuous gravel‐bed river to periodic and episodic sediment replenishment. The grain size distribution of the replenished material, flow discharge, and sediment supply level were varied in long‐term steady‐state experiments. In addition, the channel routing of a single sediment pulse was investigated. The long‐term channel response included intensified sediment relocation and transversal bed leveling. Sediment supply level and flow discharge thereby exerted the strongest control over channel response, whereas the influence of the grain size distribution of the replenished material was minor. A simple habitat analysis using grayling as example species revealed that replenished sediment retained within the channel and thus providing episodically renewed clean gravel patches may increase spawning habitat availability. However, the general shortage of shallow habitats for grayling fry and juveniles in channelized rivers persisted regardless of sediment replenishment. Overall, the experiments illustrate that sediment replenishment may provide valuable habitats within a channelized river. Accompanying measures such as channel widening and the careful consideration of other remaining stressors are strongly recommended to increase restoration benefits further.
The Changing Face of Winter: Lessons and Questions From the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Ozersky Ted , Bramburger Andrew J. , Elgin Ashley K. , Vanderploeg Henry A. , Wang Jia , Austin Jay A. , Carrick Hunter J. , Chavarie Louise , Depew David C. , Fisk Aaron T. , Hampton Stephanie E. , Hinchey Elizabeth K. , North Rebecca L. , Wells Mathew G. , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. , Coleman Maureen L. , Duhaime Melissa B. , Fujisaki‐Manome Ayumi , McKay R. Michael , Meadows Guy A. , Rowe Mark D. , Sharma Sapna , Twiss Michael R. , Zastepa Arthur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmong its many impacts, climate warming is leading to increasing winter air temperatures, decreasing ice cover extent, and changing winter precipitation patterns over the Laurentian Great Lakes and their watershed. Understanding and predicting the consequences of these changes is impeded by a shortage of winter‐period studies on most aspects of Great Lake limnology. In this review, we summarize what is known about the Great Lakes during their 3–6 months of winter and identify key open questions about the physics, chemistry, and biology of the Laurentian Great Lakes and other large, seasonally frozen lakes. Existing studies show that winter conditions have important effects on physical, biogeochemical, and biological processes, not only during winter but in subsequent seasons as well. Ice cover, the extent of which fluctuates dramatically among years and the five lakes, emerges as a key variable that controls many aspects of the functioning of the Great Lakes ecosystem. Studies on the properties and formation of Great Lakes ice, its effect on vertical and horizontal mixing, light conditions, and biota, along with winter measurements of fundamental state and rate parameters in the lakes and their watersheds are needed to close the winter knowledge gap. Overcoming the formidable logistical challenges of winter research on these large and dynamic ecosystems may require investment in new, specialized research infrastructure. Perhaps more importantly, it will demand broader recognition of the value of such work and collaboration between physicists, geochemists, and biologists working on the world's seasonally freezing lakes and seas.
Alternative regulatory mechanism for the maintenance of bone homeostasis via STAT5-mediated regulation of the differentiation of BMSCs into adipocytes
Authors: Seong Semun , Kim Jung Ha , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Koh Jeong-Tae , Kim Nacksung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSTAT5 is a transcription factor that is activated by various cytokines, hormones, and growth factors. Activated STAT5 is then translocated to the nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes, affecting several biological processes. Several studies have investigated the role of STAT5 in adipogenesis, but unfortunately, its role in adipogenesis remains controversial. In the present study, we generated adipocyte-specific Stat5 conditional knockout (cKO) (Stat5fl/fl;Apn-cre) mice to investigate the role of STAT5 in the adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). BMSC adipogenesis was significantly inhibited upon overexpression of constitutively active STAT5A, while it was enhanced in the absence of Stat5 in vitro. In vivo adipose staining and histological analyses revealed increased adipose volume in the bone marrow of Stat5 cKO mice. ATF3 is the target of STAT5 during STAT5-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis, and its transcription is regulated by the binding of STAT5 to the Atf3 promoter. ATF3 overexpression was sufficient to suppress the enhanced adipogenesis of Stat5-deficient adipocytes, and Atf3 silencing abolished the STAT5-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis. Stat5 cKO mice exhibited reduced bone volume due to an increase in the osteoclast number, and coculture of bone marrow-derived macrophages with Stat5 cKO adipocytes resulted in enhanced osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that an increase in the adipocyte number may contribute to bone loss. In summary, this study shows that STAT5 is a negative regulator of BMSC adipogenesis and contributes to bone homeostasis via direct and indirect regulation of osteoclast differentiation; therefore, it may be a leading target for the treatment of both obesity and bone loss-related diseases.