bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Polyoxometalate Anchored Zinc Cobalt Sulfide Nanowires as a Remarkable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Gautam Jagadis , Liu Yi , Gu Jie , Ma Zhiyuan , Zha Junjie , Dahal Bipeen , Zhang Lu‐Nan , Chishti Aadil Nabi , Ni Lubin , Diao Guowang , Wei Yongge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe advancement of a naturally rich and effective bifunctional substance for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction is crucial to enhance hydrogen fuel production efficiency via the electrolysis process. Herein, facile and scalable hydrothermal synthesis of bifunctional electrocatalyst of polyoxometalate anchored zinc cobalt sulfide nanowire on Ni‐foam (NF) for overall water splitting is reported for the first time. The electrochemical analysis of POM@ZnCoS/NF displays significantly low HER and OER overpotentials of 170/337 and 200/300 mV to attain a current density of 10/40 and 20/50 mA cm−2, respectively, demonstrating the notable performance of POM@ZnCoS/NF toward H2 and O2 evolution reaction in alkaline medium. Additionally, the electrolyzer consisting of the POM@ZnCoS/NF anode and cathode shows an appealing potential of 1.56 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2 current density for overall water splitting. The high electrocatalytic activity of the POM@ZnCoS/NF is attributed to modulation of the electronic and chemical properties, increment of the electroactive sites and electrochemically active surface area of the zinc cobalt sulfide nanowires due to the anchorage of polyoxometalate nanoparticles. These results demonstrate the advantage of the polyoxometalate incorporation strategy for the design of cost‐effective and highly competent bifunctional catalysts for complete water splitting.
Video Speed Switching of Plasmonic Structural Colors with High Contrast and Superior Lifetime
Authors: Xiong Kunli , Olsson Oliver , Svirelis Justas , Palasingh Chonnipa , Baumberg Jeremy , Dahlin Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReflective displays or “electronic paper” technologies provide a solution to the high energy consumption of emissive displays by simply utilizing ambient light. However, it has proven challenging to develop electronic paper with competitive image quality and video speed capabilities. Here, the first technology that provides video speed switching of structural colors with high contrast over the whole visible is shown. Importantly, this is achieved with a broadband‐absorbing polarization‐insensitive electrochromic polymer instead of liquid crystals, which makes it possible to maintain high reflectivity. It is shown that promoting electrophoretic ion transport (drift motion) improves the switch speed. In combination with new nanostructures that have high surface curvature, this enables video speed switching (20 ms) at high contrast (50% reflectivity change). A detailed analysis of the optical signal during switching shows that the polaron formation starts to obey first order reaction kinetics in the video speed regime. Additionally, the system still operates at ultralow power consumption during video speed switching (<1 mW cm−2) and has negligible power consumption (<1 µW cm−2) in bistability mode. Finally, the fast switching increases device lifetime to at least 107 cycles, an order of magnitude more than state‐of‐the‐art.
Intelligent Ureteral Stent for Early Detection of Hydronephrosis
Authors: Yousefi Darestani Mohammad Reza , Shalabi Nabil , Lange Dirk , Chew Ben H. , Takahata Kenichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMillions of people around the world currently suffer from kidney stone diseases. While ureteral stenting is an unmistakably effective treatment of these patients, their long‐term adverse effects can result in the build‐up of crystals around the stent. This, in turn, can lead to new ureter blockages that can dangerously increase kidney pressure, a condition known as hydronephrosis, which, if severe and prolonged, can cause irreversible kidney damage. Toward enabling early detection of hydronephrosis, this paper investigates the first intelligent ureteral stent with an integrated radiofrequency antenna and micro pressure sensor for resonance‐based wireless tracking of kidney pressure. Prototyping is conducted using a commercial ureteral stent as the substrate for microfabrication of the device. The packaged device is experimentally assessed for electrical characterizations and wireless pressure sensing using an in vitro test model. Preliminary telemetry testing demonstrates the fundamental ability of the device with its approximately linear responses of up to 1.7 kHz mmHg−1 over a pressure range of up to 120 mmHg in air, water, and artificial urine. These findings verify the efficacy of the device design and the approach to kidney pressure monitoring through indwelling stents, paving the way for the transfer of this technology to today's ureteral stent products.
New Opportunities for High‐Performance Source‐Gated Transistors Using Unconventional Materials
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhuang Xinming , Huang Wei , Yu Junsheng , Zhang Huaiwu , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSource‐gated transistors (SGTs), which are typically realized by introducing a source barrier in staggered thin‐film transistors (TFTs), exhibit many advantages over conventional TFTs, including ultrahigh gain, lower power consumption, higher bias stress stability, immunity to short‐channel effects, and greater tolerance to geometric variations. These properties make SGTs promising candidates for readily fabricated displays, biomedical sensors, and wearable electronics for the Internet of Things, where low power dissipation, high performance, and efficient, low‐cost manufacturability are essential. In this review, the general aspects of SGT structure, fabrication, and operation mechanisms are first discussed, followed by a detailed property comparison with conventional TFTs. Next, advances in high‐performance SGTs based on silicon are first discussed, followed by recent advances in emerging metal oxides, organic semiconductors, and 2D materials, which are individually discussed, followed by promising applications that can be uniquely realized by SGTs and their circuitry. Lastly, this review concludes with challenges and outlook overview.
Highly Crystallized Tin Dioxide Microwires toward Ultraviolet Photodetector and Humidity Sensor with High Performances
Authors: Liu Hui , Zuo Chaolei , Li Ziliang , Liu Xinya , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of artificial intelligent and internet of things calls for high‐performance multifunctional devices for synchronous detection of a wide variety of environmental signals, such as gas, light, and humidity. Herein, highly crystallized tin dioxide (SnO2) microwires (MWs) with low density of point defects are synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition method and constructed into a multifunctional device for photo and humidity sensing. The device shows excellent photoelectric performances, for example, ultralow dark current of ≈10−13 A, ultrahigh on–off ratio of >107, UV/visible rejection ratio of R300 nm/R400 nm > 107, specific detectivity (D*) of 1.16 × 1015 Jones, linear dynamic range (LDR) of 152 dB, high responsivity of 18 A W−1, and fast photoresponse speed of trise/tdecay = 2.7 µs/2.5 ms at 5 V bias. Furthermore, the p‐CuI/n‐SnO2 heterojunction shows outstanding self‐powered properties, such as responsivity of 8.98 mA W−1, specific detectivity of 1.98 × 1012 Jones and LDR of 106 dB at 0 V bias. Additionally, the SnO2 MWs also show high sensitivity to ambient humidity changes. Therefore, the SnO2 MWs show high potential for multifunctional applications, such as UV photodetector and humidity sensor.
High‐Energy SWCNT Cathode for Aqueous Al‐Ion Battery Boosted by Multi‐Ion Intercalation Chemistry
Authors: Pan Wending , Zhao Yan , Mao Jianjun , Wang Yifei , Zhao Xiaolong , Leong Kee Wah , Luo Shijing , Liu Xinhua , Wang Huizhi , Xuan Jin , Yang Shichun , Chen Yue , Leung Dennis Y. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aqueous Al‐ion battery has achieved great progress in recent years. It now shows comparable performance to that of even non‐aqueous Al‐ion batteries. However, it also shows relatively low energy output and there is limited general understanding of the mechanism behind this restriction to its practical application. Thus, the development of a high‐performance cathode material is in great demand. Herein, a high‐capacity single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is developed as a cathode for the water‐in‐salt electrolyte‐based aqueous Al‐ion battery, which provides an ultra‐high specific capacity of 790 mAh g–1 (based on the mass of SWCNT) at a high current density of 5 A g–1 even after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the SWCNT/Al battery shows a complicated multi‐ion intercalation mechanism, where AlCl4–, Cl–, Al3+, and H+ can function at the same time, improving the battery output. Beyond recently revealed H+ and metal ion co‐intercalation, the Cl‐assisted intercalation of Al3+ ions mechanism is also studied by experimental characterization and modeling for the first time, which significantly boosts the Al3+ storage capacity. This multi‐ion intercalation mechanism combines the high‐voltage anion deintercalation and the high‐capacity cation intercalation, and thus, benefits the development and application of high‐energy Al‐ion batteries in the future.
Achieving Ultrarobust and Humidity‐Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Dual‐Capacitor Enhancement System
Authors: Zhou Linglin , Gao Yikui , Liu Di , Liu Li , Zhao Zhihao , Li Shaoxin , Yuan Wei , Cui Shengnan , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that can efficiently harvest ubiquitous mechanical energy provide a promising technology for the energy supply of intelligent electronic devices. However, the issues of low durability induced by wear and moisture sensibility of TENGs greatly limit their practical applications. Here, a no‐wear dual‐capacitor enhancement system (DCES) to simultaneously improve the service lifetime and electric performance of TENGs in a high humidity environment is proposed. The combination of low charge injection from lightly touched TENG and charge transfer in no‐wear DCES can synchronously realize ultralow material wear and charge pumping up. Therefore, the dual‐capacitor‐enhanced TENG (DCE‐TENG) achieves a long service life of at least 1 000 000 cycles with 15‐fold enhancement of matched average power. Furthermore, owing to the humidity resistance of DCES, the output performance of DCE‐TENG remains 95% of the initial value in 90% humidity. This work is expected to promote the commercial applications of TENGs.
Agronomic characteristics and nutritional value of cactus pear progenies
Authors: Garcia Carlos Vela , Mello Alexandre C. L. , Cunha Márcio Vieira da , Silva Maria da Conceição , Santos Djalma Cordeiro dos , Santos Mercia V. F. , Dubeux José C. B. , Homem Bruno Grossi Costa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCactus is an important fodder in tropical semiarid, but recent insect pressure has devastated cactus crops. Breeding programs are developing cactus varieties resistant to cochineal scale (Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell). The cactus V‐19 (Opuntia larreyi F.A.C. Weber ex J. M. Coult.) has demonstrated resistance to cochineal scale, however, no breeding effort has been attempted with this species. This study characterized the resistance of cactus V‐19 progenies to cochineal scale. Morphological, productive, and nutritive value variables were evaluated in 11 genotypes of cactus V‐19, in which 10 (named as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, and P10) were progenies resulted from open pollination. Two evaluations were carried out from 2015 to 2017, corresponding to first and second harvest years. A randomized complete design with seven replications were used. There was a harvest (year) × progeny interaction (p < .05) across the estimated parameters. In 2017, there was a stronger correlation between morphological traits and productive responses because cactus had faster growth and greater number of cladodes, while in 2015 progenies had greater nutritive value. Progeny P1 improved performance compared with the progenitor and other progenies regarding dry matter (DM) accumulation, in vitro digestible DM, and crude protein with 13.7 Mg DM ha–1 year–1, 848 g kg–1, and 47 g kg–1, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram obtained by hierarchical clustering method confirmed that progeny P1 outperformed the other progenies, including the mother plant V‐19. These progenies must be further evaluated to assess their productive responses under different management practices.
A Highly EfficientN‐Mesityl Thiazolylidene for the Aliphatic Stetter Reaction: Stereoelectronic Quantification for Comparison of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysts
Authors: Pearl Esperanza S. , Fellner Daniel M. J. , Söhnel Tilo , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe NHC‐catalysed intermolecular Stetter reaction provides direct access to 1,4‐diketones, however current NHC catalysts for this specific transformation remain underdeveloped, significantly limiting the use of this reaction in target‐oriented synthesis. Here we report a novelN‐mesityl thiazolium NHC as a high‐performing catalyst for this reaction, enabling high yields and short reaction times for a range of sterically non‐trivial aliphatic aldehydes reacting with enone substrates. Quantification of the properties of novel and known NHC organocatalysts revealed that both steric and electronic properties play an important role in the success of the newN‐mesityl thiazolium NHC for this reaction. These developments will facilitate wider application of the Stetter reaction as a key carbon‐carbon bond forming reaction for coupling of complex fragments under mild conditions.
In vitro evaluation of a novel oxygen‐generating biomaterial for chronic rhinosinusitis therapy
Authors: Lim Dong‐Jin , Skinner Daniel , West John M. , Ayinala Samrath , Zhang Shaoyan , Grayson Jessica W. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Cho Do‐Yeon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia due to closure at the ostiomeatal complex is widely considered one of the major pathogenic mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The objective of this study was to develop and characterize an oxygen‐generating biomaterial (OGB) as an innovative treatment strategy for CRS.MethodsAn OGB was fabricated by coating hydrophobic beeswax
(BW, 15mg or 30mg) on the surface of calcium peroxide ‐ catalase complex (CPO‐CA,
30mg) and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro releases of both oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were spectrophotometrically quantified, and cytotoxicity in human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs) was evaluated. The influence of OGB on transepithelial Cl– secretion was also determined by pharmacologically manipulating HSNECs, cultured under hypoxic conditions, in Ussing chambers.ResultsThree groups of OGBs: (1) CPO only; (2) CPO coated with CA and BW (1:1 ratio, CPO‐CA(1)‐BW(1)); and (3) CPO coated with CA and BW (1:0.5 ratio, CPO‐CA(1)‐BW(0.5) were analyzed for accumulated oxygen release over 7 days: highest release (mmol/mg) was observed in CPO‐CA(1)‐BW(1) = 0.11 ± 0.003, followed by CPO‐CA(1)‐BW(0.5) = 0.08 ± 0.010, and CPO = 0.05 ± 0.004 (p < 0.0001). H2O2 production (mM) was significantly higher in CPO (1.87 ± 0.50) compared to CPO‐CA (1)‐BW(1) (0.00 ± 0.00) (p < 0.001) after 24 h. CPO‐CA(1)‐BW(1) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity and increased Cl– transport compared to the CPO group.ConclusionA novel OGB (CPO‐CA‐BW complex) exhibited sustained oxygen release over 7 days without significant cytotoxicity after 24 h in vitro. Preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of OGB in CRS are warranted, especially for potential therapy in an obstruction‐based CRS model.
Double Proton Transfer Across a Table: The Formic Acid Dimer–Fluorobenzene Complex
Authors: Li Weixing , Tikhonov Denis S. , Schnell Melanie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProton transfer via tunneling is a fundamental quantum‐mechanical phenomenon. We report rotational spectroscopy measurements of this process in the complex of the formic acid dimer with fluorobenzene. The assignment of the spectrum indicates that this complex exists in the form of a π–π stacked structure. Each rotational transition of the parent isotopologue exhibits splitting. Isotopic substitution experiments show that the spectral splitting results from double‐proton transfer tunneling in the formic acid dimer. Presence of fluorobenzene as a neighboring molecule does not quench the double proton transfer in the formic acid dimer but decreases its tunneling splitting from 341(3) MHz to 267.608(1) MHz. Calculations suggest that the presence of the weakly bounded fluorobenzene does not influence the activation energy of the proton transfer. The fluorobenzene is reoriented with respect to the formic acid dimer during the course of the reaction, slowing down the proton transfer motion.
Subsurface‐Carbon‐Induced Local Charge of Copper for an On‐Surface Displacement Reaction
Authors: Wang Shaoshan , Ding Pengcheng , Li Zhuo , Mattioli Cristina , E Wenlong , Sun Ye , Gourdon André , Kantorovich Lev N. , Besenbacher Flemming , Yang Xueming , Yu Miao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal carbides have sparked unprecedented enthusiasm as high‐performance catalysts in recent years. Still, the catalytic properties of copper carbide remain unexplored. By introducing subsurface carbon to Cu(111), a displacement reaction of a proton in a carboxyl acid group with a single Cu atom is demonstrated at the atomic scale and room temperature. Its occurrence is attributed to the C‐doping‐induced local charge of surface Cu atoms (up to +0.30 e/atom), which accelerates the rate of on‐surface deprotonation via reduction of the corresponding energy barrier, thus enabling the instant displacement of a proton with a Cu atom when the molecules adsorb on the surface. This well‐defined and robust Cuδ+ surface based on subsurface‐carbon doping offers a novel catalytic platform for on‐surface synthesis.
Polarity‐Dominated Stable N97 Respirators for Airborne Virus Capture Based on Nanofibrous Membranes
Authors: Wang Qifei , Wei Yingzhen , Li Wenbo , Luo Xizi , Zhang Xinyue , Di Jiancheng , Wang Guoqing , Yu Jihong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe longevity and reusability of N95‐grade filtering facepiece respirators (N95 FFRs) are limited by consecutive donning and disinfection treatments. Herein, we developed stable N97 nanofibrous respirators based on chemically modified surface to enable remarkable filtration characteristics via polarity driven interaction. This was achieved by a thin‐film coated polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane (TFPNM), giving an overall long‐lasting filtration performance with high quality factor at 0.42 Pa−1 (filtration efficiency: over 97 %; pressure drop: around 10 Pa), which is higher than that of the commercial N95 FFRs (0.10–0.41 Pa−1) tested with a flow rate of 5 L min−1 and the 0.26 μm NaCl aerosol. A coxsackie B4 virus filtration test demonstrated that TFPNM also had strong virus capture capacity of 97.67 %. As compared with N95 FFRs, the TFPNM was more resistant to a wider variety of disinfection protocols, and the overall filtration characteristics remained N97 standard.
Biochemistry‐Guided Prediction of the Absolute Configuration of Fungal Reduced Polyketides
Authors: Takino Junya , Kotani Akari , Ozaki Taro , Peng Wenquan , Yu Jie , Guo Yian , Mochizuki Susumu , Akimitsu Kazuya , Hashimoto Masaru , Ye Tao , Minami Atsushi , Oikawa Hideaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHighly reducing polyketide synthases (HR‐PKSs) produce structurally diverse polyketides (PKs). The PK diversity is constructed by a variety of factors, including the β‐keto processing, chain length, methylation pattern, and relative and absolute configurations of the substituents. We examined the stereochemical course of the PK processing for the synthesis of polyhydroxy PKs such as phialotides, phomenoic acid, and ACR‐toxin. Heterologous expression of a HR‐PKS gene, a trans‐acting enoylreductase gene, and a truncated non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase gene resulted in the formation of a linear PK with multiple stereogenic centers. The absolute configurations of the stereogenic centers were determined by chemical degradation followed by comparison of the degradation products with synthetic standards. A stereochemical rule was proposed to explain the absolute configurations of other reduced PKs and highlights an error in the absolute configurations of a reported structure. The present work demonstrates that focused functional analysis of functionally related HR‐PKSs leads to a better understanding of the stereochemical course.
Highly effective selectively removal of carcinogenic dyes and iodine adsorption and release via a metal–organic framework based on multiple helical chains
Authors: Yu Xin , Liu Mengfan , Feng Lijuan , Yao Shuo , Liu Yunling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA novel porous metal–organic framework Cu‐BCPPy based on a desymmetrized heterofunctional ligand 3,5‐di(4‐carboxyphenyl)pyridine has been successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The framework possesses two sizes of 2D straight channels, which are constructed by one pair and three pairs of helixes, respectively. The distortion of the ligand leads to the structure exhibiting a new type of (3,6)‐connected topology. According to the structural characteristic, Cu‐BCPPy can effectively adsorb large carcinogenic organic dyes sudan III (SD III) and direct black 38 (DB 38) but exclude small molecular dyes. Hence, Cu‐BCPPy exhibits effective and selective adsorption performance for the carcinogenic dye DB 38 on the equal proportional mixture dyes methyl orange (MO) and DB 38, fluorescein and DB 38, and basic red 2 (BR 2) and DB 38 with different sizes. In addition, Cu‐BCPPy can be also provided with the characteristic of high iodine adsorption and release, which indicates that it is a promising candidate material for selectively adsorption and separation of many substances.
Conjugation of a phenanthrene‐imidazole fluorophore with the chondroitin sulfate generated from Escherichia coliK4 polysaccharide
Authors: Xu Shuqin , Xiang Huimin , Wang Zhuqun , Tang Xiaoli , Zhang Yan , Zhan Xiaobei , Chen Jinghua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEscherichia coli K4 expressed a fructosylated chondroitin (K4), which had a chondroitin structure after the defructosylation treatment. Polysaccharide K4 as a preferred precursor was modified to produce chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). Here, glycosaminoglycans including K4, defructosylated K4, and CSA were conjugated with fluorophore A, which were optimized under three reaction conditions to give the maximum DS of 2.9, 6.5, and 8.5%, respectively. All of conjugates displayed luminescence response linearly to concentration. And they exhibited good storage stability in luminescence and dispersion within 24 h. The conjugate CSA‐A with substituted degree of 6.4% was chosen for the bioimaging study in vitro. CSA‐A showed nontoxic to astrocytes with concentrations lower than 100 μg/ml. It was internalized effectively by astrocytes after incubation for 24 h.