bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singing “Past, Present and Future”: Music in Early American Commemoration
Authors: LOHMAN LAURA 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConstantly fearful about the fragility of the young republic in the decades following the Revolutionary War, Americans assiduously organized commemorative rituals. While historians have examined these commemorations, music's place in them has yet to be fully understood. By highlighting key themes in cross-regional, cross-racial discourse on commemoration and drawing on rich records preserved from Bennington, Vermont, this article exposes the varied purposes for which Americans used music in commemorations from the 1780s to the 1810s. In early postwar commemorations, Benningtonians used music to emphasize gratitude and virtue and educate local youth about proper behavior. As political rifts developed in the 1790s, community members also used music to articulate contemporary politics in terms of the revolutionary past and exhort their neighbors to take political action. To sustain these practices as new generations matured without firsthand experience of the war, locals used music to cultivate stronger ties to the battle. As Bennington illustrates, music provided a powerful means of shaping Americans’ perceptions of the past to urge them to action in the present for outcomes envisioned in the future, compellingly anchored in terms of gratitude, virtue, and memory.
Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors: analysis of three Brazilian birth cohorts
Authors: Dias Mariane da Silva , Matijasevich Alicia , Menezes Ana Maria B. , Barros Fernando C. , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Gonçalves Helen , Santos Iná S. , Horta Bernardo Lessa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvidence suggests that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. We also evaluated whether offspring BMI was a mediator in this association. The study included mother–offspring pairs from three Pelotas birth cohorts. Offspring cardiometabolic risk factors were collected in the last follow-up of each cohort [mean age (in years) 30.2, 22.6, 10.9]. Blood pressure was measured using an automatic device, cholesterol by using an enzymatic colorimetric method, and glucose from fingertip blood, using a portable glucose meter. In a pooled analysis of the cohorts, multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding. Mediation analysis was conducted using G-computation formula. In the adjusted model, mean systolic blood pressure of offspring from overweight and obese mothers was on average 1.25 (95% CI: 0.45; 2.05) and 2.13 (95% CI: 0.66; 3.59) mmHg higher than that of offspring from normal-weight mothers; for diastolic blood pressure, the means were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.26; 1.34) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.62; 3.59) mmHg higher, respectively. Non-HDL cholesterol was positively associated with maternal BMI, whereas blood glucose was not associated. Mediation analyses showed that offspring BMI explained completely the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and non-HDL cholesterol. Our findings suggest that maternal prepregnancy BMI is positively associated with offspring blood pressure, and blood lipids, and this association is explained by offspring BMI.
Low levels of sulfur and cobalt during the pre- and periconceptional periods affect the oocyte yield of donors and the DNA methylome of preimplantation bovine embryos
Authors: Nochi Allice R. Ferreira , Vargas Luna N. , Sartori Roberto , Júnior Roberto G. , Araújo Davi B. , Figueiredo Ricardo A. , Togawa Roberto C. , Costa Marcos M. C. , Grynberg Priscila , Mendonça Anelise S. , Kussano Nayara R. , Pivato Ivo , Silva Bianca D. M. , Spricigo José Felipe W. , Leme Ligiane O. , da Silva Joseane P. , Caetano Alexandre R. , Dode Margot A. N. , Franco Maurício M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaternal nutrition is critical in mammalian development, influencing the epigenetic reprogramming of gametes, embryos, and fetal programming. We evaluated the effects of different levels of sulfur (S) and cobalt (Co) in the maternal diet throughout the pre- and periconceptional periods on the biochemical and reproductive parameters of the donors and the DNA methylome of the progeny inBos indicuscattle. The low-S/Co group differed from the control with respect to homocysteine, folic acid, B12, insulin growth factor 1, and glucose. The oocyte yield was lower in heifers from the low S/Co group than that in the control heifers. Embryos from the low-S/Co group exhibited 2320 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across the genome compared with the control embryos. We also characterized candidate DMRs linked to theDNMT1andDNMT3Bgenes in the blood and sperm cells of the adult progeny. A DMR located inDNMT1that was identified in embryos remained differentially methylated in the sperm of the progeny from the low-S/Co group. Therefore, we associated changes in specific compounds in the maternal diet with DNA methylation modifications in the progeny. Our results help to elucidate the impact of maternal nutrition on epigenetic reprogramming in livestock, opening new avenues of research to study the effect of disturbed epigenetic patterns in early life on health and fertility in adulthood. Considering that cattle are physiologically similar to humans with respect to gestational length, our study may serve as a model for studies related to the developmental origin of health and disease in humans.
Large‐Scale Dune Aurora Event Investigation Combining Citizen Scientists' Photographs and Spacecraft Observations
Authors: Grandin Maxime , Palmroth Minna , Whipps Graeme , Kalliokoski Milla , Ferrier Mark , Paxton Larry J. , Mlynczak Martin G. , Hilska Jukka , Holmseth Knut , Vinorum Kjetil , Whenman Barry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, citizen scientist photographs led to the discovery of a new auroral form called “the dune aurora” which exhibits parallel stripes of brighter emission in the green diffuse aurora at about 100 km altitude. This discovery raised several questions, such as (i) whether the dunes are associated with particle precipitation, (ii) whether their structure arises from spatial inhomogeneities in the precipitating fluxes or in the underlying neutral atmosphere, and (iii) whether they are the auroral manifestation of an atmospheric wave called a mesospheric bore. This study investigates a large‐scale dune aurora event on 20 January 2016 above Northern Europe. The dunes were observed from Finland to Scotland, spanning over 1,500 km for at least 4 h. Spacecraft observations indicate that the dunes are associated with particle precipitation and reveal the presence of a temperature inversion layer below the mesopause during the event, creating suitable conditions for mesospheric bore formation. The analysis of a time lapse of pictures by a citizen scientist from Scotland leads to the estimate that, during this event, the dunes propagate toward the west‐southwest direction at about 200 m s−1, presumably indicating strong horizontal winds near the mesopause. These results show that citizen science and dune aurora studies can fill observational gaps and be powerful tools to investigate the least‐known region of near‐Earth space at altitudes near 100 km.
Comparing the Radiative Forcings of the Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions From Chile and Mexico
Authors: Miinalainen Tuuli , Kokkola Harri , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Kühn Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere has been growing interest in the potential of short‐lived climate forcer (SLCF) mitigation to reduce near‐term global warming. Black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are SLCFs which change the Earth's radiative balance directly by affecting radiation, and indirectly by altering cloud properties. We used the ECHAM‐HAMMOZ aerosol‐climate model to study the radiative forcings due to mitigating the anthropogenic emissions of BC, OC, and SO2 from Chile and Mexico. Limiting our analysis to areas where these emissions had notable effects on both aerosol and clouds, we found that the total radiative forcings of anthropogenic aerosol emissions are different for Chile and Mexico. This was explained by differences in aerosol emissions, orography, and meteorology in these two countries. Especially the radiative forcing for Chilean emissions was influenced by the persistent stratocumulus cloud deck west of Chile. To reduce the uncertainty of our radiative forcing calculations, we nudged the wind and surface pressure toward pre‐generated fields. As nudging affects the calculated effective radiative forcing (ERF), we here used the identifier ERFNDG. Our results indicate that the removal of OC and SO2 emissions caused a positive ERFNDG while the removal of BC emissions caused a positive ERFNDG for Chile, but a negative ERFNDG for Mexico. When accounting for co‐emission of other aerosol compounds, reducing BC emissions led to positive ERFNDG in both countries. Compared to China, the removal of anthropogenic SO2 emissions in Chile and Mexico caused a much larger global average ERFNDG per emitted unit mass of SO2.
Multifault Opposing‐Dip Strike‐Slip and Normal‐Fault Rupture During the 2020 Mw 6.5 Stanley, Idaho Earthquake
Authors: Yang Jidong , Zhu Hejun , Lay Thorne , Niu Yufeng , Ye Lingling , Lu Zhong , Luo Bingxu , Kanamori Hiroo , Huang Jianping , Li Zhenchun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn March 31, 2020, an Mw 6.5 earthquake struck near Stanley, Idaho. More than 35% nondouble‐couple component in long‐period point‐source solutions indicate a more complex source than slip on a planar fault. Using an integrative analysis of seismological and geodetic data, we find that the Stanley earthquake ruptured a pair of opposing‐dip faults offset by a 10‐km‐wide step, including an unmapped northern subfault with predominantly strike‐slip faulting and a southern subfault subparallel to the Sawtooth fault with predominantly normal faulting. This converging fault geometry allowed the rupture to traverse a surficial 10‐km‐wide step, which is greater than the limiting dimension (3–4 km) that commonly ceases earthquake ruptures. This study reveals that a composite rupture process with strike‐slip and normal faulting is typical for earthquakes located near the northern boundary of the Centennial Tectonic Belt (CTB), which is distinct from the predominantly normal faulting in the central CTB.
High-resolution view of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase initiation complexes and inhibition by NNRTI drugs
Authors: Ha Betty , Larsen Kevin P. , Zhang Jingji , Fu Ziao , Montabana Elizabeth , Jackson Lynnette N. , Chen Dong-Hua , Puglisi Elisabetta Viani 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReverse transcription of the HIV-1 viral RNA genome (vRNA) is an integral step in virus replication. Upon viral entry, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) initiates from a host tRNALys3 primer bound to the vRNA genome and is the target of key antivirals, such as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Initiation proceeds slowly with discrete pausing events along the vRNA template. Despite prior medium-resolution structural characterization of reverse transcriptase initiation complexes (RTICs), higher-resolution structures of the RTIC are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie initiation. Here we report cryo-EM structures of the core RTIC, RTIC–nevirapine, and RTIC–efavirenz complexes at 2.8, 3.1, and 2.9 Å, respectively. In combination with biochemical studies, these data suggest a basis for rapid dissociation kinetics of RT from the vRNA–tRNALys3 initiation complex and reveal a specific structural mechanism of nucleic acid conformational stabilization during initiation. Finally, our results show that NNRTIs inhibit the RTIC and exacerbate discrete pausing during early reverse transcription.
Local field potentials in the parietal reach region reveal mechanisms of bimanual coordination
Authors: Mooshagian Eric , Holmes Charles D. , Snyder Lawrence H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrimates use their arms in complex ways that frequently require coordination between the two arms. Yet the planning of bimanual movements has not been well-studied. We recorded spikes and local field potentials (LFP) from the parietal reach region (PRR) in both hemispheres simultaneously while monkeys planned and executed unimanual and bimanual reaches. From analyses of interhemispheric LFP-LFP and spike-LFP coherence, we found that task-specific information is shared across hemispheres in a frequency-specific manner. This shared information could arise from common input or from direct communication. The population average unit activity in PRR, representing PRR output, encodes only planned contralateral arm movements while beta-band LFP power, a putative PRR input, reflects the pattern of planned bimanual movement. A parsimonious interpretation of these data is that PRR integrates information about the movement of the left and right limbs, perhaps in service of bimanual coordination.
Temporal analysis of T-cell receptor-imposed forces via quantitative single molecule FRET measurements
Authors: Göhring Janett , Kellner Florian , Schrangl Lukas , Platzer René , Klotzsch Enrico , Stockinger Hannes , Huppa Johannes B. , Schütz Gerhard J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMechanical forces acting on ligand-engaged T-cell receptors (TCRs) have previously been implicated in T-cell antigen recognition, yet their magnitude, spread, and temporal behavior are still poorly defined. We here report a FRET-based sensor equipped either with a TCR-reactive single chain antibody fragment or peptide-loaded MHC, the physiological TCR-ligand. The sensor was tethered to planar glass-supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and informed most directly on the magnitude and kinetics of TCR-imposed forces at the single molecule level. When confronting T-cells with gel-phase SLBs we observed both prior and upon T-cell activation a single, well-resolvable force-peak of approximately 5 pN and force loading rates on the TCR of 1.5 pN per second. When facing fluid-phase SLBs instead, T-cells still exerted tensile forces yet of threefold reduced magnitude and only prior to but not upon activation.
Impact of age on the circadian visual system and the sleep-wake cycle in mus musculus
Authors: Shuboni-Mulligan Dorela D. , Young Demarrius L. , De La Cruz Minyety Julianie , Vera Elizabeth , Munasinghe Jeeva , Gall Andrew J. , Gilbert Mark R. , Armstrong Terri S. , Smart DeeDee K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAge plays a critical role in disease development and tolerance to cancer treatment, often leading to an increased risk of developing negative symptoms including sleep disturbances. Circadian rhythms and sleep become disrupted as organisms age. In this study, we explored the behavioral alterations in sleep, circadian rhythms, and masking using a novel video system and interrogate the long-term impact of age-based changes in the non-image forming visual pathway on brain anatomy. We demonstrated the feasibility and utility of the novel system and establish that older mice have disruptions in sleep, circadian rhythms, and masking behaviors that were associated with major negative volume alterations in the non-imaging forming visual system, critical for the induction and rhythmic expression of sleep. These results provide important insights into a mechanism, showing brain atrophy is linked to age in distinct non-image forming visual regions, which may predispose older individuals to developing circadian and sleep dysfunction when further challenged by disease or treatment.
Genetic factors affect the susceptibility to bacterial infections in diabetes
Authors: Simonsen Johan R. , Käräjämäki Annemari , Antikainen Anni A. , Toppila Iiro , Ahlqvist Emma , Prasad Rashmi , Mansour-Aly Dina , Harjutsalo Valma , Järvinen Asko , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Groop Leif , Forsblom Carol , Groop Per-Henrik , Sandholm Niina , Lehto Markku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiabetes increases the risk of bacterial infections. We investigated whether common genetic variants associate with infection susceptibility in Finnish diabetic individuals. We performed genome-wide association studies and pathway analysis for bacterial infection frequency in Finnish adult diabetic individuals (FinnDiane Study; N = 5092, Diabetes Registry Vaasa; N = 4247) using national register data on antibiotic prescription purchases. Replication analyses were performed in a Swedish diabetic population (ANDIS; N = 9602) and in a Finnish non-diabetic population (FinnGen; N = 159,166). Genome-wide data indicated moderate but significant narrow-sense heritability for infection susceptibility (h2 = 16%, P = 0.02). Variants on chromosome 2 were associated with reduced infection susceptibility (rs62192851, P = 2.23 × 10–7). Homozygotic carriers of the rs62192851 effect allele (N = 44) had a 37% lower median annual antibiotic purchase rate, compared to homozygotic carriers of the reference allele (N = 4231): 0.38 [IQR 0.22–0.90] and 0.60 [0.30–1.20] respectively, P = 0.01). Variants rs6727834 and rs10188087, in linkage disequilibrium with rs62192851, replicated in the FinnGen-cohort (P < 0.05), but no variants replicated in the ANDIS-cohort. Pathway analysis suggested the IRAK1 mediated NF-κB activation through IKK complex recruitment-pathway to be a mediator of the phenotype. Common genetic variants on chromosome 2 may associate with reduced risk of bacterial infections in Finnish individuals with diabetes.
Single molecule tracking and analysis framework including theory-predicted parameter settings
Authors: Kuhn Timo , Hettich Johannes , Davtyan Rubina , Gebhardt J. Christof M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImaging, tracking and analyzing individual biomolecules in living systems is a powerful technology to obtain quantitative kinetic and spatial information such as reaction rates, diffusion coefficients and localization maps. Common tracking tools often operate on single movies and require additional manual steps to analyze whole data sets or to compare different experimental conditions. We report a fast and comprehensive single molecule tracking and analysis framework (TrackIt) to simultaneously process several multi-movie data sets. A user-friendly GUI offers convenient tracking visualization, multiple state-of-the-art analysis procedures, display of results, and data im- and export at different levels to utilize external software tools. We applied our framework to quantify dissociation rates of a transcription factor in the nucleus and found that tracking errors, similar to fluorophore photobleaching, have to be considered for reliable analysis. Accordingly, we developed an algorithm, which accounts for both tracking losses and suggests optimized tracking parameters when evaluating reaction rates. Our versatile and extensible framework facilitates quantitative analysis of single molecule experiments at different experimental conditions.
Metastasis is altered through multiple processes regulated by the E2F1 transcription factor
Authors: Swiatnicki Matthew R. , Andrechek Eran R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe E2F family of transcription factors is important for many cellular processes, from their canonical role in cell cycle regulation to other roles in angiogenesis and metastasis. Alteration of the Rb/E2F pathway occurs in various forms of cancer, including breast cancer. E2F1 ablation has been shown to decrease metastasis in MMTV-Neu and MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse models of breast cancer. Here we take a bioinformatic approach to determine the E2F1 regulated genomic alterations involved in the metastatic cascade, in both Neu and PyMT models. Through gene expression analysis, we reveal few transcriptome changes in non-metastatic E2F1−/− tumors relative to transgenic tumor controls. However investigation of these models through whole genome sequencing found numerous differences between the models, including differences in the proposed tumor etiology between E2F1−/− and E2F1+/+ tumors induced by Neu or PyMT. For example, loss of E2F1 within the Neu model led to an increased contribution of the inefficient double stranded break repair signature to the proposed etiology of the tumors. While the SNV mutation burden was higher in PyMT mouse tumors than Neu mouse tumors, there was no statistically significant differences between E2F WT and E2F1 KO mice. Investigating mutated genes through gene set analysis also found a significant number of genes mutated in the cell adhesion pathway in E2F1−/− tumors, indicating this may be a route for disruption of metastasis in E2F1−/− tumors. Overall, these findings illustrate the complicated nature of uncovering drivers of the metastatic process.
Clinical outcomes of simultaneous phototherapeutic keratectomy and photoastigmatic keratectomy
Authors: Kamiya Kazutaka , Yazaki Kana , Ando Wakako , Takahashi Masahide , Shoji Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study was aimed to assess the outcomes of simultaneous phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and photoastigmatic keratectomy (PAK), with special attention to astigmatic correction. We comprised 70 eyes of 70 patients who underwent simultaneous PTK and PAK in patients having granular corneal dystrophy and band keratopathy with refractive astigmatism of 1 diopter (D) or more. Preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, we assessed corrected uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest spherical equivalent, refractive astigmatism, corneal astigmatism, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs). LogMAR CDVA significantly improved, from 0.27 ± 0.27 preoperatively, to 0.13 ± 0.21 postoperatively (Paired t test, p < 0.001). LogMAR UDVA also significantly improved, from 0.70 ± 0.32 preoperatively, to 0.57 ± 0.41 postoperatively (p = 0.043). Refractive astigmatism significantly decreased, from 2.12 ± 0.95 D preoperatively, to 0.89 ± 0.81 D postoperatively (p < 0.001). Corneal astigmatism also significantly decreased, from 2.17 ± 0.90 D preoperatively, to 1.08 ± 0.71 D postoperatively (p < 0.001). Corneal HOAs did not significantly change, from 0.54 ± 0.30 µm preoperatively, to 0.48 ± 0.20 µm postoperatively (p = 0.140). No significant complications occurred in any eye. Simultaneous PTK and PAK treatment is effective not only for improving visual acuity, but also for reducing astigmatism.
Trichovariability in rhizosphere soil samples and their biocontrol potential against downy mildew pathogen in pearl millet
Authors: Nandini Boregowda , Puttaswamy Hariprasad , Saini Ramesh Kumar , Prakash Harischandra Sripathy , Geetha Nagaraja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present work is aimed to examine the genetic variability and the distribution pattern of beneficial Trichoderma spp. isolated from rhizosphere samples and their mode of action in improving the plant health. A total of 131 suspected fungi were isolated from the rhizospheric soil and 91 isolates were confirmed as Trichoderma spp. T. asperellum and T. harzianum were found high in the frequency of occurrence. Genetic diversity analysis using RAPD and ISSR revealed the diverse distribution pattern of Trichoderma spp. indicating their capability to adapt to broad agroclimatic conditions. Analysis of genetic diversity using molecular markers revealed intra-species diversity of isolated Trichoderma spp. The frequency of pearl millet (PM) root colonization by Trichoderma spp. was found to be 100%. However, they showed varied results for indole acetic acid, siderophore, phosphate solubilization, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, cellulase, lipase, and protease activity. Downy mildew disease protection studies revealed a strong involvement of Trichoderma spp. in direct suppression of the pathogen (mean 37.41) in the rhizosphere followed by inducing systemic resistance. Our findings highlights the probable distribution and diversity profile of Trichoderma spp. as well as narrate the possible utilization of Trichoderma spp. as microbial fungicides in PM cultivation across different agroclimatic zones of India.