bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Pollutant Sources on PM10: Case Study in West Surabaya
Authors: Ciptaningayu T N , Syafei A D , Santoso M , Tangahu B V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The emission of motor vehicles can cause air pollution, the industry, and household activities and is currently a severe problem. Surabaya City, especially West Surabaya, is an area that has heavy traffic because it is a warehouse area, directly adjacent to Gresik Regency, which is an industrial area and other activities such as garbage Final processing place and port. Therefore, a study needed to monitor the quality of the PM pollutants in West Surabaya and further estimates are the source location of the pollutants. The results of this study can complement previous research and can be used to make policies in air pollution control in Surabaya city. Sampling for fine and coarse particles using Gent Stacked Filter Unit (Gent SFU) every six days between November-December and meteorological data obtained using Kestrel 5500 Weather Meter. The concentration of PM10 was analyzed using the gravimetric method while estimating the pollutant source location using the Conditional Probability Function (CPF). The average concentration of PM10 at the time of research of 32.24 μg/m3. The estimated source location of pollutant for PM10 is from north, northeast, east, south, and southwest and the potential source of pollutant is possible from industrial activities, traffic, warehousing activities, and natural sources such as dirt dust.
Shoreline monitoring using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at Regency Beach, Port Dickson
Authors: Ishaand I B , Adib M R M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For various coastal studies, coastal monitoring, mapping, and analysis include advancement of regression planning, geo-details, decomposition-enhancing research, and theoretical or predictive modelling and/or coastal characterization. The goals of this research were to identify shoreline changes at Regency Beach, Port Dickson using Pix4Dcapture, Pix4Dmapper and ArcGIS 10.3 software to use the images captured by unmanned aerial vehicle. Flight plans were scheduled from February 2020 to June 2020. In five months of study period, improvements to the shoreline have been noticeable and may impact the coastal region in the immediate future. As this study’s objective was successfully achieved, drones can be recommended as an alternative technique for monitoring coastal changes.
Analysis of Sand Mining Impacts on Riverbed in the Downstream of the Progo River, Indonesia
Authors: Ikhsan J , Rezanaldy A , Rozainy M. A. Z Mohd. Remy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Progo River is a river that flows in the Province of Central Java and Yogyakarta Province in Indonesia. This river originates at Mount Sindoro with the main river length of about 138 km and has a watershed area of approximately 243,833,086 hectares. The Progo River is a natural river which has one of its upper reaches, which is sourced from Mount Merapi. This condition resulted in the Progo River being affected by the material carried by cold lava. The research method is carried out by analysing the amount of sand mining, social and economic impacts, sediment transport, degradation or aggradation at the point of review based on primary and secondary data from the results of laboratory measurements and tests. The location of the research was carried out at the point of the Srandakan Bridge to the Progo River Estuary. The results showed that at the Srandakan Bridge point to the Progo River Estuary the volume of sand mining was 459,576 m3/year, one of the social and economic impacts of sand mining was the opening of job opportunities for the community around the mining location, and degradation of the river bed, with a degradation value of 0.43 m/year.
Establishment of flood damage function model for urban area in Kuantan: A preliminary study
Authors: Romali N S , Yusop Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous studies on flood damage assessment mostly discussed the relationship between flood damages and hydrological impacts parameters such as flood depth and flood duration. The influence of resistance parameters on flood damages is rarely investigated. Hence, an attempt has been made to establish a flood damage function model based on the relationships between flood damages and the variables of socio-economic and property characteristics for an urban area in Kuantan. Using a face to face interview technique, a field survey was conducted to gather damage data and related information from the 2013 Kuantan flood. Damages to residential structures were found to be influenced by household income, type of construction materials, and house level. On the other hand, household income, house type, and occupation were identified as the most significant variables that influenced the damages of residential content. For the commercial category, only the areas of the premises were significantly affected by the various structural damages, whereas the content damages depended mostly on the type of business, the surrounding areas, and the premises’ number of floors. The relationship between flood damages and their influencing factors is important and should be further tested before proceeding with any application on a wider scale.
Soil Water Variation Due to Grass Water Uptake
Authors: Azween Ismail Siti Saidatul , Ali Nazri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Shallow landslide is the phenomenon of slope collapse frequently occurring in tropical rainforest regions such as Malaysia based on geotechnical problem. This paper aims to determine the effects of grass on the shallow slope’s stability in terms of the variability of soil moisture, and to establish 1D suction of soil moisture due to grass water uptake. Moisture variations were used to compare the moisture content with time using GID and Fotran code tools. Based on the literature review findings, numerical simulation modelling was applied to achieve the most suitable condition for replicating grass water uptake within the soil slope. Six types of grasses were used in this research. The correlation between numerical simulation results is appropriate for these six types of grasses, but only Indropogon Gayanus grass with field monitoring results was achieved for validation. This paper assessed slope stability due to the influence of six types of grasses induced suction. The long grassroots are special between both kinds of grass, ranging from 0.3048 m to 4.000 m. This work gives a clear belief that Axonopus Compressus grass extracts water much faster than other grasses and is useful in preserving unsaturated soil stability.
Investigation of Soft Layer in between Hard Layer for Sedimentary Rock Formation by using Electrical Resistivity Analysis
Authors: Fannie Z P , Dan M F , Madun A , Malik A K A , Talib M K Abu , Pakir F , Tonnizam M Edy , Rasminto W A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to predict the occurrences of soft layers in between hard layers in sedimentary rock formation based on electrical resistivity analysis. ABEM Terrameter LS Box with 40 electrodes with 2.5 meters spacing in pole-dipole method was used. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) was conducted to obtain the value for the number of blows (N-value). RES2DINV was used to analyse a two-dimensional illustration of the soil layers in the pseudo section diagram. Results show that the groundwater table is located 2.0 meters below the ground surface. Based on the resistivity analysis, the subsurface profile is consists of topsoil, soft silty clay (N0-N4, 6 > Ω > 20 ohm), medium-stiff silty clay (N5-N6, 20>Ω>360 ohm), medium dense coarse sands (N13-N16, 361>Ω>550 ohm), stiff silty clay (N10-N18, 550>Ω>720 ohm), hard silty clay and gravel (N50, 720>Ω>1100 ohm), and moderate weathered and slightly fractured shale stone (N50, Ω>1100 ohm). Although the correlation between resistivity values and SPT N-values shows a very good relationship with R2 ranges from 0.83 to 0.89, electrical resistivity analysis is not suitable to determine the soft layer in between hard layer in a sedimentary rock formation due to the presence of high ground water table.
The Effectiveness of Demolished Tile Material for Soil Improvement: A Review
Authors: Hillary E , Pakir F , Aziz N A A , Madun A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, many researchers have reported the effects of non-traditional additives, on soils geotechnical properties and proven these additives are extensively used to solve the problematic soil. However, there is a lack of publications on the fundamental microstructural behaviour of non-traditional additives treated clay soil soils and their influence on the engineering behaviour. Therefore, this paper focused on determining the improvement mechanism for stabilization and the performance of clay soil mixed with two types of additives: traditional and non-traditional additives, namely cement and Demolished Tile Waste (DTM). A microstructural study pH analysis had been conducted and reviewed to elucidate the stabilization mechanism. It also includes an unconfined compressive test, oedometer consolidation test and compaction test used to assess the stabilized soil’s engineering properties. The laboratory tests showed the effectiveness of the additive on stabilizing the soft clay by using DTM. The microstructural tests results indicated the formation of new mineral products in the mixtures, identified as sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (NASH) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) for soils treated with DTM. In the nutshell, at an early period the selected additive had expected to increase the strength of soft soil. Thus, the application combination stabilizer helps to reduce cost for the geotechnical project.
A Case Study of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Subsurface in Malaysia
Authors: Chia K C , Koo C H , Lau S H , Lee M L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Unforeseen ground condition often leads to the occurrence of cost overrun and project delay in Malaysia’s architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries. The implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for subsurface was attempted to reduce uncertainties associated with the underground conditions. A pilot case study was performed to understand the 3D subsurface modelling workflow in BIM environment. A construction site in Ara Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia was selected for the pilot case study. The site investigation data of the study area were interpreted and input into AutoCAD Civil 3D with geotechnical module to perform the 3D subsurface modelling at various detail levels. The workflow of the modelling process in case study was documented for future references. Through this pilot study, it was found that the adoption of BIM for subsurface modelling could produce soil profiles for different engineering purposes such as visualisation of subsurface conditions during project initiation stage, preliminary conceptual design, and detailed analysis and design of geotechnical structures, particularly foundation. The BIM implementation for geotechnical data improves the management of site investigation data, enhances the visualisation of subsurface profile, and improves the efficiency in communicating the subsurface conditions to all stakeholders in a project team.
Effects of Tire Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) on the Rheological Properties of Bitumen
Authors: Al-Sabaeei Abdulnaser , Napiah Madzlan , Sutanto Muslich , Alaloul Wesam , Bala Nura 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Millions of tires are produced worldwide every year and after a short time become waste. This is considering a massive waste need to be incorporated in various sustainable applications such as in a bitumen modification. In this study, tire pyrolysis oil-modified bitumen was prepared at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by total weight of the blend. The influence of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) on the conventional and high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen was evaluated by conducting penetration grade, ring and ball, dynamic viscosity, complex modulus, phase angle, and rutting resistance evaluations. Results show that the addition of TPO into base bitumen reduces the penetration values and slight reduction in softening points of modified bitumen which indicating the consistency and applicability of the TPO as a bitumen modifier. Based on the dynamic viscosity and temperature sweep test performed by a dynamic shear rheometer, it was observed that overall, TPO improved the viscosity, complex modulus, phase angle, and permanent deformation of bitumen at the temperature range of 40 to 76 °C, particularly at lower TPO content. Furthermore, TPO-modified bitumen exhibits rutting resistance better than base bitumen which could be attributed to the improvement in the elastic behaviour of bitumen with the addition of TPO. 15%TPO-modified bitumen show adequate rheological properties to be used as an alternative for base bitumen in hot regions pavement applications.
Optimization the Physical Properties of Waste Denim Fiber Modified Bio-asphalt Binder Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Al-Sabaeei Abdulnaser , Napiah Madzlan , Sutanto Muslich , Alaloul Wesam , Yusoff Nur Izzi Md , Habib Noor Zainab , Rafiq Waqas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research used waste denim fiber (WDF) as a new modifier to mitigate the inconsistency problem of bio-asphalt that incorporated waste cooking oil (WCO). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to design and analyze the experimental data. 16 blends of base and bio-asphalt binders were prepared with high shear mixer and evaluated by conducting penetration, ring and ball temperature and temperature susceptibility tests. Optimization of the properties was performed by RSM to come up with the optimum amount of the additives that can be recommended. Results showed that the addition of waste denim fiber reduced the penetration values and increased the ring and ball temperature and the penetration index of base and WDF-modified bio-asphalt binders. These findings reveal that WDF-modified bio-asphalt binders can perform well at the intermediate and high-temperature pavement applications. Numerical optimization results utilizing the developed models exhibited that optimum properties can be achieved with 5% of WCO and 6% of WDF.
Empirical Evaluation of Lane Changing Following Gap Distance on Expressway
Authors: Ataelmanan H , Puan O C , Hassan S A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lane changing (LC) is an essential aspect of driving behaviour on expressways, which impacts on traffic efficiency and safety. Therefore, a wrongful execution of LC, especially the wrong choice following distance before the LC manoeuvre. This could lead to road crashes, mostly in the form of rear-end, sideswipe, or angled crash. This research assesses the characteristics of drivers’ following gap distance during LC. The study was performed on a segment along Kuala Lumpur – Seremban expressway. Data were collected along the selected segment using an instrumented test vehicle approach. A passenger car was instrumented with a Video Velocity Box (VBox), which an on-board data acquisition system used for video recording of field traffic events. Hence, VBox attached to the test vehicle was used for recording the following gap distance during LC manoeuvres in the field. After that, the video records were played back on a computer to estimate the gap distance. A total of 174 following incidences were observed in this work. Finding from the study revealed that the following gap distance before LC of the sampled motorists ranges from 4.89 to 81.15 m with a mean and standard deviation of 18.47 and 12.16 m, respectively. Furthermore, out of the 174 sampled drivers, about 86.7% recorded following gap distances in the range of 10 to 30 m, implying that the majority of the motorists accept short gaps while executing LC. It was also found that the space gap is regarded as an essential variable than the time gap because as drivers travel at desired speeds, they tend to be guided by the available space rather than time.
Examination of Lane Changing Duration Time on Expressway
Authors: Ataelmanan H , Puan O C , Hassan S A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lane changing (LC) manoeuvre has been regarded as an essential characteristic of driving behaviour, which mostly influences traffic efficiency and safety. Thus, a wrongful performance of LC could lead to accident occurrence in the form of rear-end, sideswipe, or angled crash. Consequently, to develop countermeasures to minimize events associated with LC, an understanding of drivers’ behaviours during LC manoeuvres and its duration are essential. This study explores into characteristics of drivers’ LC duration time along Kuala Lumpur – Seremban expressway. Data were collected along a selected segment using an instrumented vehicle. A passenger car was instrumented with a Video Velocity Box (VBox), which used video recording of field traffic event Hence, VBox attached to the test vehicle was used for recording LC manoeuvres in the field after which the video records were played back in a computer to estimate the LC duration times. A total of 174 LC manoeuvre incidences were observed in this study, the LC duration times of the observed motorists’ LC events ranged from 0.90 to 10.52 seconds with mean and standard deviation values of 3.02 and 1.32 seconds, respectively. Out of 174 sampled drivers, an approximate of 162 representing 93% performed LC manoeuvre in less than 5.0 seconds with most of them executed in less than 3.0 seconds. This implies that more than 90% of the drivers observed are characterized by an aggressive LC driving behaviour. It was also found that the LC duration times data obtained in this study fits a Lognormal distribution reasonably.
The Effect of Polyurethane Mix Ratio on the Strength of Polyurethane Treated Marine Clay
Authors: Bak Sen J W , Mohd Yunus N Z , Saleh S , Ahmad K , Rahim A , Mat Said K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Marine clay (MC) is recognised as an unfavourable soil in the construction field, given it continues to present problems of bearing capacity, consolidation, and settlements. In this paper, polyurethane was used to improve the properties of MC using a different mix ratio of polyol and isocyanate. The marine clay was characterised examining the particle size distribution (PSD), specific gravity (SG), Atterberg limits (AL), and performing standard proctor tests. Aside from that, an unconfined compressive test (UCT) was conducted to investigate the strength enhancement of treated marine clay (TMC) at various polyol to isocyanate mixing ratios. The UCT results indicated that the TMC could be effectively improved at the polyol to the isocyanate mixing ratio of 45:55. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the MC consequently improved from 146 kPa to 286 kPa due to the addition of polyurethane. At the same time, the axial strain at failure decreased from 5.3% to 2.9% due to the treatment of the MC using polyurethane.
Performance of Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Activated Crumb Rubber as Additive
Authors: Kamarudin S N N , Hainin M R , Warid M N M , Satar M K I M , Hassan N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The major problem of dry mix method is poor interaction between asphalt binder and additive causing improper workability. Hence, air void content will be increased and reduced the strength of asphalt mixture. Activated Crumb Rubber (ACR) as additive is one possible approach to improve these issues. In this study, nine ACR contents were considered in the study i.e. 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0% and 5.0% by weight of total mixtures. The performance of Marshall properties, Resilient Modulus, Tensile Strength Ratio and Hamburg Wheel Tracker (HWT) test were analysed. Based on the results, 0.75% of ACR gave optimum improvement to the performance of Marshall properties, resistance to rutting and cracking but susceptible to stripping.
Road Traffic Noise for Asphalt and Concrete Pavement
Authors: Awwal A , Mashros N , Hasan S A , Hassan N A , Darus N , Rahman R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Traffic noise has been recognized as the greatest source of noise pollution. This paper aims to assess roadside noise levels on asphalt and concrete pavements and evaluate the suitability of the existing traffic noise prediction models. Stretches with asphalt and concrete pavements on Skudai-Pontian Highway was selected to observe traffic noise during peak and off-peak periods together with observation of traffic flow characteristic. The finding showed that observed traffic noise falls in the range of 79 and 89 dBA with most of the higher noise found during the peak period for asphalt pavement and off-peak period for concrete pavement. A comparison of observed noise with 5 traffic noise models found that the Penang noise model pattern is almost close to the observed noise. Regression analysis was performed to develop a traffic noise model in order to predict noise generated by different types of pavements in different traffic conditions. All traffic noise models were found to be competent to predict the present traffic noise. Thus, it can be concluded that the pattern for traffic noise for different types of pavements is not similar under different traffic conditions and a new traffic noise model for a specific condition is needed for the better prediction of traffic noise.
Mapping of Blackspots Accident Area at North South Expressway to Produce Expressway Advisory System
Authors: Mansor N S M , Yazid M R Mat , Rashid N A Abdul , Mohd Taib A , Ambak K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was carried out to produce an advisory system based on the blackspot accidents mapping at the North-South Expressway (NSE). Blackspots are location where the road traffic crashes have historically concentrated by type of accident in which the accident caused fatalities, severe injuries, minor injuries and damage. This research aims to identify accident blackspot and plotting accident data into a digital map of the study area to produce advisory systems for highway users. The software used in this study namely Google Earth Pro, ArcMap and ArcGIS online. Results showed that blackspot location are known in the form of mapping where it can be performed online. In addition, the path with high number of accident points weightage location were identified and prioritized. By applying Google Earth Pro and ArcGIS software, the advisory system was created, and these blackspot locations can also be easily accessed by highway users. Therefore, the advisory system helps in facilitate the users for trip planning base on the accident status locations as a precautionary measure and initiative to reduce the rate of road accident in expressway.
Effect of Tropical Natural Rubber on the Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS) Wearing Course
Authors: Rahmawati Anita , Setiawan Dian , Nudianti Nantia Tresna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One effort to improve the performance of road pavement layers and the quality of asphalt mixes is through the modification of asphalt by polymeric materials addition. Latex is a polymer material that can be used and easily found in Indonesia, known as one of the world’s largest natural rubber producer countries. This study intended to improve the quality of Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course (HRS-WC) mixture by utilizing latex 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8% as a partial replacement of asphalt material through Marshall testing. From the test results, it can be summarized that the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) value of the HRS-WC mixture was 7%. Furthermore, the Optimum Latex Content (OLC) meeting the specifications was 1% with a Density value of 2.25, a VMA value of 19.68%, a VFA value of 76.78%, a VIM value of 4.57%, a stability value of 1766.44 kg, a Flow value of 3.14 mm, and MQ value of 629.01 kg/mm