bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and response after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu‐DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumors in phase 1/2 prospective Japanese trial
Authors: Kudo Atsushi , Tateishi Ukihide , Yoshimura Ryoichi , Tsuchiya Junichi , Yokoyama Kota , Takano Shoko , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Hata Masaharu , Ichikawa Yasushi , Tanabe Minoru , Hosono Makoto , Kinuya Seigo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present prospective phase 1/2 study aimed to elucidate the efficacy and safety of 177Lu‐DOTATATE (four cycles of 7.4 GBq) in Japanese patients with unresectable, progressive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).MethodsFrom April 2018 to October 2020, 15 patients with advanced NETs (five midgut, eight pancreatic, and two lung NETs) were enrolled. Objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Pharmacokinetics and dosimetry were also evaluated in three midgut patients.ResultsThe mean absorbed doses of 177Lu‐DOTATATE to the kidneys (20.7 Gy/29.6 GBq) and the bone marrow (0.631 Gy/29.6 GBq) were within the radiation tolerance doses. The ORR of the whole population was 53% (90% CI, 30%‐76%). ORRs of the midgut and non‐midgut NETs were 60% (90% CI, 19%‐92%) and 50% (90% CI, 22%‐78%), respectively. There was no difference in the maximum reduction rate of the sum of the target lesion diameters between patients with midgut and non‐midgut NET. The median PFS was not reached; the PFS rate at 52 weeks was 80% (90% CI, 56.1%‐91.7%). AEs of Grade 3 or higher were lymphopenia (47%) and leukopenia (7%).Conclusion177Lu‐DOTATATE demonstrated remarkable tumor shrinkage and tolerability in Japanese patients with advanced NETs.
Condomless receptive anal intercourse is associated with markers of mucosal inflammation in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Kelley Colleen F. , Pollack Ilana , Yacoub Rami , Zhu Zhengyi , Van Doren Vanessa E. , Gumber Sanjeev , Amara Rama R. , Fedirko Veronika , Kraft Colleen S. , de Man Tom J. B. , Hu Yi‐Juan , Grimsley Ackerley Cassie , Sullivan Patrick S. , Bostick Roberd M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe previously showed that the rectal mucosal immune environment among men who have sex with men (MSM) engaging in condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI) is immunologically distinct from that of men who do not engage in anal intercourse (AI). Here, we further examined these differences with quantitative immunohistochemistry to better understand the geographic distribution of immune markers of interest.MethodsWe enrolled a cohort of MSM engaging in CRAI (n = 41) and men who do not engage in AI (n = 21) between October 2013 and April 2015. Participants were healthy, HIV‐negative men aged 18–45 from the metro Atlanta area. We performed rectal mucosal sampling via rigid sigmoidoscopy during two study visits separated by a median of nine weeks and timed with sexual activity for MSM engaging in CRAI. We used standardized, automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis to investigate the rectal mucosal distribution of neutrophils (MPO), IL‐17‐producing cells (IL‐17) and Tregs (FOXP3) in the lamina propria, and cellular proliferation (Ki67) and adherens junction protein (E‐cadherin) in the epithelium. We examined associations between biomarker expression and the rectal mucosal microbiota composition by 16s rRNA sequencing.ResultsRelative to the colonic crypt base, IL‐17, FOXP3, and MPO expression increased towards the rectal lumen, while Ki67 decreased and E‐cadherin was more uniformly distributed. Throughout the rectal mucosa distribution examined, MSM engaging in CRAI had higher mean lamina propria MPO expression (p = 0.04) and epithelial Ki67 (p = 0.04) compared to controls. There were no significant differences in IL‐17, FOXP3 or E‐cadherin expression. We found no significant associations of the five biomarkers with the global rectal microbiota composition or the individual taxa examined.ConclusionsUnderstanding the mucosal distribution of inflammatory mediators can enhance our knowledge of the earliest events in HIV transmission. Neutrophil enrichment and crypt epithelial cell proliferation likely represent sub‐clinical inflammation in response to CRAI in the rectal mucosa of MSM, which could increase the risk for HIV acquisition. However, the contributory role of the microbiota in mucosal inflammation among MSM remains unclear. HIV prevention may be enhanced by interventions that reduce inflammation or capitalize on the presence of specific inflammatory mechanisms during HIV exposure.
Understanding the role of uncertainty and anxiety in police decision‐making during the investigation of sudden unexpected deaths in children
Authors: Holmes Jonathan , Boulton Laura , Panter Heather 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExisting policing policy offers a rational approach to decision‐making with minimal reference to human judgement within child death investigations. This study adopted a mixed methodology to capture decisional processes of 26 serving detective inspectors and detective sergeants whilst responding to an immersive scenario which simulated the first hours of a Sudden and Unexpected Death in Children (SUDC) investigation. Participants were presented with four decision points, during which they were asked to choose from decision options while reflecting upon personal and situational factors influencing that decision. Thematic analysis of responses found that investigators disclosed ‘anxiety’ and ‘uncertainty’ throughout their decision‐making during the scenario. In addition, there was no evidence of investigators utilising the models formally advocated within policing literature to make their decisions and assessments. As a result, it is suggested that further improvements are made regarding investigative decision‐making models within operational policing where ‘anxiety’ and ‘uncertainty’ is heightened.
Evolution and development of parrot pseudoteeth
Authors: Louryan Stéphane , Choa‐Duterre Myriam , Lejong Marie , Vanmuylder Nathalie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParrot embryos carry peculiar appendages at their developing beak that have been described as pseudoteeth. To better characterize the pattern of development responsible for the emergence of these dental appendages, we examined parrot embryos combining conventional histology and microtomography approaches. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed the epithelial and mesenchymal expression of several proteins involved in tooth development in mammals. Parrot pseudoteeth arose by epithelial and mesenchymal evagination, and their early development was similar to the ontogeny of scales and feathers. There was no enamel tissue, and the evaginations were surrounded by the rhamphotheca. In adults, the rhamphotheca covers entirely the appendages, now represented by bone evaginations, which were more numerous in the lower than in the upper beak, being similar to the osseous teeth of the fossil Pelagornithidae. These embryonic pseudoteeth resembled reptile's first‐generation teeth and dental appendages of chicken talpid2mutants. Proteins involved in mammalian odontogenesis, such as SHH, BMP4, PITX2, and PAX9, were found to be generally expressed in beak epithelium and mesenchyme during parrot pseudoteeth development, with clusters of high‐level expression in the pseudoteeth rudiments. This suggests that a similar, highly conserved gene expression program gives rise to the appearance of odontode derivatives in numerous species, despite their divergent developmental paths. These results provide new insights into the development and evolution of odontode‐derived structures in vertebrates.
Full‐field experimental analysis of the influence of microstructural parameters on the mechanical properties of humeral head trabecular bone
Authors: Kusins Jonathan , Knowles Nikolas , Martensson Nicole , P. Columbus Melanie , Athwal George S. , M. Ferreira Louis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanical properties of trabecular bone within the metaphysis of the proximal humerus is becoming increasingly important for the design of humeral head joint replacement components that prioritize bone preservation. The aim of this study was to perform full‐field mechanical testing methods on isolated trabecular bone cores from the humeral head to experimentally measure the local magnitude of strain before macroscopic failure and to characterize the ultimate strength of each core. Isolated cubic trabecular bone cores were extracted from the center of humeral head osteotomies retrieved from (1) patients with end‐stage osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and (2) normal nonpathologic cadaveric humeral heads. A custom computed tomography (CT)‐compatible loading device was used to perform compressive mechanical testing. For 10 of the OA specimens, stepwise loading was performed directly within a microCT scanner and digital volume correlation (DVC) was used to measure full‐field strains throughout the trabecular structure. A higher variability in ultimate strength was measured for the trabecular cores retrieved from OA humeral heads (range: 2.8–7.6 MPa) compared to the normal cadaveric humeral heads (range: 2.2–5.4 MPa), but no statistically significant difference between the groups was found (p = 0.06). Ultimate strength was strongly correlated with bone volume fraction (OA r2 = 0.72; normal r2 = 0.76) and bone mineral content (OA r2 = 0.79; normal r2 = 0.77). At the trabecular level, 95th percentile of third principal strains, measured at a subvolume size of 152 µm, exceeded 19,000 µε for each of the 10 specimens (range: −19,551 to −36,535 µε) before macroscopic failure of the cores occured. No strong linear correlations (r2 ≥ 0.50) were found between the median or 95th percentile of DVC third principal strain and the corresponding morphometric parameters of each individual bone core. The results of this study indicate that bone volume fraction and bone mineral content heavily influence the apparent ultimate strength of trabecular bone cores collected from OA patients undergoing TSA. Clinical significance: The strong correlations observed within this study further emphasize the importance of considering bone mineral content or bone volume fraction measurements in assessing the localized risk of trabecular bone fracture for orthopedic applications.
Annual protein yield and extractable protein potentials in three legumes and two grasses
Authors: Thers Henrik , Eriksen Jørgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNew protein sources with low environmental and climatic impact are needed. Perennial crops show advantages as compared to annual crops and the upcoming biorefinery technology can extract proteins from the perennial biomass for protein concentrate production. The search for best‐suited biomass crops needs to include harvest during the full growing season to support economic viability of biorefinery plants. Here we examined two grasses under increasing N fertilizer regime (175, 350 and 525 kg N ha−1) and three legumes, subject to a four‐cut strategy. The well‐defined Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) was used to estimate potential extractable protein. A key, previously presented in the literature, was applied in order to translate the CNCPS results into potential extracted protein concentrate.RESULTSCrude protein (CP) yield per hectare was highest in red clover in 2015 (2907 kg CP ha−1) and the fertilized (525 kg N ha−1) tall fescue in 2016 (2435 kg CP ha−1). When translating the numbers into potential extraction of protein concentrate, the red clover had the highest protein concentrate yield per hectare in 2015 (835 kg CP ha−1) and lucerne in 2016 (803 kg CP ha−1).CONCLUSIONThe results revealed that the entire season needs attention for optimization and not only the first cut, since both CP yields and quality peaks in different cuts across the five species and 2 years. Further knowledge of CP yield responses to field management and species mixtures are needed in order to advise farmers on the optimal crop for biorefining. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of reinforcing particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed aluminium alloy AA7075‐T651
Authors: Bhavya S. I. , Suvarna R. L. , Perumalla J. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper emphasis the improvement of mechanical properties of AA7075‐T651 using friction stir processing through localized surface modification by adding nano boron carbide particles. The reinforcement techniques such as the groove and blind hole methods were used by changing reinforcements of nano boron carbide and a matrix of AA7075‐T651 surface composites volume percentages (2 %, 4 %, and 6 %) along with tool rotational speed and processing speeds. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and x‐ray diffraction analysis were used to examine the particle dispersion for the surface composites and to correlate with the enhanced mechanical properties. Results revealed that high input parameters have given grain coarsening and precipitate agglomeration and low input parameters provide poor nugget metal consolidation and no vertical material flow. The L9 orthogonal Array designed and optimized the process parameters for enhancing the surface properties of processed samples. Mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, percentage of elongation and impact strength were evaluated for the groove friction stir processing method and blind‐hole friction stir processing methods. From the results, it has been observed that the blind‐hole technique resulted in higher hardness and the homogenous dispersion of nano boron carbide particles in the stir zone than the groove method. Consequently, for blind‐hole friction stir processing, grey relational analysis (GRA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) approaches were proposed to optimise process parameters. From the compared optimization results between grey relational analysis and particle swarm optimization, particle swarm optimization approach was shown the best optimization results. Successively, the optimum condition in the respective experimentation is accomplished. Based on these observation and results, final validation tests were carried by changing the volume percentages of reinforcement keeping tool rotation speed and tool processing speed as constant. It is apparent that dynamic recrystallization in aluminium alloy at the processed zone due to presence of heterogeneous nucleation sites with nano boron carbide particles.
Self‐lubricating CrAlVN coatings for turning of Ti6Al4V: oxidation and wear behavior
Authors: Bobzin K. , Brögelmann T. , Stachowski N. , Hintze W. , Möller C. , Ploog P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe titanium alloy Ti6Al4V enables significant performance increases in various branches of industry. Nevertheless, it is difficult to machine, because of its material properties. Due to the low thermal conductivity of titanium, the heat generated while turning Ti6Al4V mainly flows into the tool leading to high temperature loads. In addition, the comparatively low Young's modulus and high yield strength contributes to high mechanical stresses during machining. Temperature active, self‐lubricating physical vapor deposition hard coatings appear to be suitable for reducing friction and tool wear during turning of Ti6Al4V compared to the most commonly used uncoated carbide tools. The ability of the coating to form lubricating oxide phases at high temperatures is crucial for this purpose. This paper investigates the oxidation and diffusion behavior of vanadium doped chromium aluminium nitride (CrAlN) coatings after heat treatment at ϑ = 600 °C, ϑ = 700 °C und ϑ = 800 °C in atmosphere as well as the resulting coating properties. The wear behavior of certain coating variants while turning of Ti6Al4V is analyzed.
Microstructure evolution and texture formation of 16 % chromium ferritic stainless steel following simulated batch annealing treatments in mass production
Authors: Wang Z. , Peng G. , He T. , Li M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBatch annealing technique is mainly used in industry for improving productivity as a few steel coils were stacked and heated in a bell‐type furnace. The microstructure evolution, texture formation and mechanical properties of 16 % chromium ferritic stainless steel under different simulated batch annealing and subsequent cold‐rolled annealing conditions were investigated in this work. Results showed that batch annealing process applied in mass production could not produce fully recrystallized and homogenously equiaxed grains even at very high temperatures up to 900 °C for 30 hours. With increased batch annealing temperature, a large number of chromium carbides precipitated in ferrite, while some unstable Fe‐carbide precipitates were gradually dissolved. Relatively lower cold‐rolled annealing temperature (830 °C) led to finer grains and superior mechanical properties of 16 % chromium ferritic stainless steel. Increased batch annealing temperature improved the intensity of {111}//normal direction γ‐fiber textures at the expense of other orientations including {hkl}<110> α‐fiber, {334}<4
3>, thus improving the formability of ferritic stainless steel.
Therapeutic advances in non‐small cell lung cancer: Focus on clinical development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Zhang Tao , Xu Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLung cancer still contributes to nearly one‐quarter cancer‐related deaths in the past decades, despite the rapid development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The development and availability of comprehensive genomic profiling make the classification of NSCLC more precise and personalized. Most treatment decisions of advanced‐stage NSCLC have been made based on the genetic features and PD‐L1 expression of patients. For the past 2 years, more than 10 therapeutic strategies have been approved as first‐line treatment for certain subgroups of NSCLC. However, some major challenges remain, including drug resistance and low rate of overall survival. Therefore, we discuss and review the therapeutic strategies of NSCLC, and focus on the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced‐stage NSCLC. Based on the latest guidelines, we provide an updated summary on the standard treatment for NSCLC. At last, we discussed several potential therapies for NSCLC. The development of new drugs and combination therapies both provide promising therapeutic effects on NSCLC.
Statistical modeling for the monostatic radar cross‐section characteristics of stealth aircraft using the Swerling‐chi/inverse generalized gamma composite distribution model
Authors: Wang Jianbo , Ye Jianyu , Hua Guang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, a new Swerling‐chi/inverse generalized gamma composite distribution model is proposed for modeling the monostatic radar cross‐section (RCS) statistical characteristics of stealth aircraft. Under some conditions, the proposed distribution model can be reduced to the Fisher‐Snedecor distribution model and the Swerling‐chi distribution model. A typical stealth aircraft without radar absorption materials (RAM) is selected as an application for simulation using the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) technique. Based on the nonlinear least‐squares criterion, monostatic RCS statistical characteristics of the front sector of this aircraft are fitted using the proposed composite model. For the comparison purpose, monostatic RCS statistical characteristics of this aircraft are also fitted with the conventional RCS distribution models. Goodness‐of‐fit tests of the proposed distribution model and the conventional distribution models are analyzed in terms of the error‐of‐fit results and the test results. Simulation results validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed distribution model.
Systematical NMR analysis of swainsonine, a mycotoxin from endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis
Authors: Tan Xiangmei , Wang Yanduo , Liu Zhenliang , Liu Liliang , Yu Meng , Ding Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSwainsonine (SW, 1), a unique indolizine with poly‐hydroxyl groups, was re‐isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis. The structure (including planar structure and relative configuration) was systematically elucidated by NMR spectra (including 1H, 13C, 1H‐1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectra in DMSO‐d6 and in CD3OD); 1H NMR spectra of the modified Mosher's products were first used to determine the absolute configuration of SW. More importantly, the complex coupled features of H‐7α, H‐7β, and H‐6α in the 1H NMR spectrum of (1) were analyzed in details, which will provide aids for the planar and relative configuration determination of analogs.
The contribution of Theodore von Kármán to the development of metal forming technology and the controversy with Erich Siebel
Authors: Bruhns Otto T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 1925, Theodore von Kármán publishes an article in [1] where he presents a simple method for calculating strip rolling. This procedure (later called elementary theory), can today be regarded as the starting point for the theoretical treatment of many metal forming technology problems. Von Kármán pursues two objectives: On the one hand, he illuminates the rolling process from the point of view of a mechanic and wants to make this comprehensible to the practical engineer. On the other hand, he wants to create the basis for further investigations. For describing the state in the rolling gap, he introduces a number of simplifying assumptions, which lead to the fact that the compressive stresses in the rolled material can be represented directly as the solution of a statically determinate problem. Although this work is published in German, it received rapid acceptance, particularly in the English‐speaking world.
Least‐squares formulation to solve non‐Newtonian fluid flow and application of data assimilation in 2D
Authors: Averweg Solveigh , Schwarz Alexander , Schwarz Carina , Schröder Jörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, we present an approach to model steady flow of incompressible non‐Newtonian fluids with data assimilation into the numerical solution based on the least‐squares finite element method (LSFEM). The assimilation of data (e.g. experimental or analytical) into numerical simulations offers promising possibilities when examining complex problems. Potential applications include the enhancement of numerical models using measured data or the completion of experimental data using numerical methods, e.g. the determination of non‐measured quantities such as pressure. In particular for the field of fluid mechanics, the implemented LSFEM has some theoretical advantages compared to the well‐known (mixed) Galerkin finite element method, since it is not restricted to the LBB‐condition. Additionally, it results in a minimization problem with symmetric positive (semi‐)definite equation systems also for differential equations with non‐self‐adjoint operators. A further advantage in this context is that the assimilation of data can easily be performed by adding a term to the least‐squares (LS) functional such that it does not significantly increase the computational cost. The approach of data assimilation is shown by solving steady flow of a non‐Newtonian fluid through a channel with a smooth contraction.