bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband Dynamics Rather than Frequency-Specific Rhythms Underlie Prediction Error in the Primate Auditory Cortex
Authors: Canales-Johnson Andrés , Teixeira Borges Ana Filipa , Komatsu Misako , Fujii Naotaka , Fahrenfort Johannes J. , Miller Kai J. , Noreika Valdas 
Published: October 2021

Detection of statistical irregularities, measured as a prediction error response, is fundamental to the perceptual monitoring of the environment. We studied whether prediction error response is associated with neural oscillations or asynchronous broadband activity. Electrocorticography was conducted in three male monkeys, who passively listened to the auditory roving oddball stimuli. Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded over the auditory cortex underwent spectral principal component analysis, which decoupled broadband and rhythmic components of the LFP signal. We found that the broadband component captured the prediction error response, whereas none of the rhythmic components were associated with statistical irregularities of sounds. The broadband component displayed more stochastic, asymmetrical multifractal properties than the rhythmic components, which revealed more self-similar dynamics. We thus conclude that the prediction error response is captured by neuronal populations generating asynchronous broadband activity, defined by irregular dynamic states, which, unlike oscillatory rhythms, appear to enable the neural representation of auditory prediction error response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study aimed to examine the contribution of oscillatory and asynchronous components of auditory local field potentials in the generation of prediction error responses to sensory irregularities, as this has not been directly addressed in the previous studies. Here, we show that mismatch negativity—an auditory prediction error response—is driven by the asynchronous broadband component of potentials recorded in the auditory cortex. This finding highlights the importance of nonoscillatory neural processes in the predictive monitoring of the environment. At a more general level, the study demonstrates that stochastic neural processes, which are often disregarded as neural noise, do have a functional role in the processing of sensory information.
Avistamientos de <i>Orcinus orca</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cetartiodactyla: Odontoceti: Delphinidae) en el Pacífico costarricense (1990-2020)
Authors: Castro-Azofeifa César 
Published: October 2021

Las orcas son cetáceos poco estudiados en el trópico, y sus desplazamientos por aguas costarricenses han sido escasamente abordados. Son animales de gran importancia ecológica debido a su rol como depredadores top, y documentar su presencia en el país puede ser de gran importancia científica y social, pues para las comunidades costeras esta información podría representar una gran oportunidad desde el punto de vista ecoturístico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue sintetizar y sistematizar los reportes existentes, referente a las orcas en el país, mediante publicaciones científicas, libros e información derivada de informes de ciudadanos. Se tomó en cuenta la información recabada hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se dividieron los avistamientos y el número de orcas en el Pacífico costarricense regionalmente: 17 avistamientos y 56 individuos para el Pacífico Sur, 7 avistamientos y 20 individuos para el Pacífico Norte, 3 avistamientos y 19 individuos en el Pacífico Central y 4 avistamientos y 10 individuos para la Isla del Coco. Se contabilizaron 31 avistamientos y 105 individuos en total. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre la ocurrencia de orcas entre las zonas, aunque hay una mayor cantidad de reportes en el Pacífico Sur, en especial, durante setiembre. Estudiar la presencia de las orcas en el país, que involucren procesos de educación ambiental y ciencia ciudadana, puede proveer importantes herramientas para la formulación de políticas públicas que permitan una conservación efectiva de los cetáceos y ofrecer mayores oportunidades de crecimiento para la industria ecoturística en las costas.
Investigation of probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from sourdoughs from different regions of Turkey
Authors: Alkay Z. , Dertli E. , Durak M.Z. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, 14 yeast cultures from 62 isolates from traditional sourdoughs collected from 6 different regions of Turkey were selected by FT-IR identification and characterised to reveal their probiotic properties. Four yeast strains were genotypically identified and compared with FT-IR identification. In all analyses, it was observed that mostly Saccaromyces cerevisiae strain exhibited high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation feature, and all yeast isolates in this study showed tolerance to 0.3%, even salt concentration. In addition, all yeast strains were susceptible to anti-yeasts agents, although they were resistant to all antibiotics used in the study. All selected yeast isolates exhibited high antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, this study investigated the potential probiotic properties of yeast strains isolated from sourdough.
Assessment of the flow behavior and structural performance of open-cell aluminum foams at critical flow conditions of pressure and temperature
Authors: Azamar Manuel F. , Figueroa Ignacio A. , González Gonzalo , Alfonso Ismeli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Open-cell Al foams were produced by the replication casting technique in three different pore sizes. All produced foams were physically characterized, determining their relative density, porosity, and pores per inch, as well as their mean pore surface area and diameter. Permeability tests were carried out by means of the injection of a highly pressurized gasoline additive at room temperature and 200 °C, at pressures of up to 25,000 psi. The structural capacity of the studied specimens to conduct fluids at these critical experimental conditions was assessed by means of compression tests in order to determine their mechanical properties after the permeability tests, e.g., energy absorption capacity, Young’s modulus, and plateau stress. It was found that the produced open-cell Al foams were able of conducting the gasoline additive at critical flow conditions of pressure and temperature, without suffering important physical nor structural damage.

Graphic abstract
Informativity of lipid metabolism indicators for diagnostics and estimation of the effectiveness of treatment of dogs with pancreatitis
Authors: Zemlianskyi Andrii , Tymoshenko Olga , Zakhariev Andriy , Vashchyk Yevheniia , Seliukova Nataliia , Dotsenko Roman 
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research: to substantiate the pathogenetic role of lipid metabolism disorders in the occurrence and course of pancreatitis in dogs and to establish the informativeness of its indicators for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness based on clinical and laboratory research methods.
Materials and methods. Used clinical, instrumental, laboratory methods, including morphological studies of blood, urine, biochemical studies of serum: determination of the lipid profile by the content of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, lipoproteins cholesterol of very low – HDL, low – LDL and high density – VLDL, traditional tests and statistical methods.
Results. It was found that the most significant changes are inherent in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins in the serum: significantly increased concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and especially LDL cholesterol. The content of HDL cholesterol, on the contrary, in the acute course of pancreatitis is below normal. The content of triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and VLDL remains high. Total cholesterol is normalized, and the level of HDL is below normal.
Conclusions. Serum lipidogram of dogs without clinical symptoms of pathology does not differ in composition from the results obtained by other researchers. For pancreatitis in dogs, the concentration of total cholesterol increases by 1.9 times, triacylglycerols – by 5.4 times, cholesterol VLDL – in 6.0 times and LDL cholesterol – 7.7 times. The content of HDL cholesterol, in contrast, in the acute course of pancreatitis is 1.5 times lower than in clinically healthy dogs. Treatment reduces the degree of hyperenzymemia by ALT and AST, but α-amylase activity is not normalized in dogs. Above normal levels of triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and VLDL, and HDL cholesterol remain low, despite treatment
The effect of a formulation based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on rats and broiler chickens in a subacute experiment
Authors: Dotsenko Roman , Romanko Maryna , Vashchyk Yevheniia , Zakhariev Andriy , Zemlianskyi Andrii , Dotsenko Ekaterina , Seliukova Nataliia 
Published: October 2021

The aim: to determine the effect of a preparative form of an antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on the body of white rats and broiler chickens under the conditions of a subacute experiment.
Materials and methods. The formulation based on maduramycin and nicarbazine was administered to rats and broiler chickens with feed for 28 days. One control and three experimental groups were formed for the experiment: Group I – animals received a complete diet without admixture of the formulation (control group), Group II – animals that were administered the formulation (by the amount of active substances) at a dose of 5.0 mg / kg, III – 25.0 mg / kg and IV – 50.0 mg / kg of feed, respectively. In order to establish the toxic effect of the formulation on the body of experimental birds on 7, 14, 28 days of the experiment and 7 days after discontinuation of the formulation, 5 heads from each group were killed under light ether anesthesia, blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical studies.
Results. During the study of the general clinical condition of rats and broiler chickens of the experimental groups, no significant changes in behavior and appearance were detected, compared with the control.
Hematological parameters of broiler chickens it was found that the receipt of the formulation with feed at doses of 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight, causes a decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in hematocrit in broiler chickens on day 7 of the experiment. It was found that the changes are reversible, on the 28th day of the experiment the value of these indicators was within the physiological norm.
In the study of hematological and biochemical parameters of rats, it was found that the receipt of the formulation with food in doses of 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg for 28 days, causes a decrease in hemoglobin and increase hematocrit, total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea in male rats on the 7th day of the experiment.
Conclusions. Under conditions of repeated oral administration of the preparation mixture to rats and poultry at doses of 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight in the absence of clinical signs of poisoning, insignificant fluctuations in hematological and biochemical parameters were identified
AN INTELLIGENT MODEL BASED ON DEEP TRANSFER LEARNING FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Sukhostat L. V. 
Published: October 2021

Context. The problem of detecting anomalies from signals of cyber-physical systems based on spectrogram and scalogram images is considered. The object of the research is complex industrial equipment with heterogeneous sensory systems of different nature.
Objective. The goal of the work is the development of a method for signal anomalies detection based on transfer learning with the extreme gradient boosting algorithm.
Method. An approach based on transfer learning and the extreme gradient boosting algorithm, developed for detecting anomalies in acoustic signals of cyber-physical systems, is proposed. Little research has been done in this area, and therefore various pre-trained deep neural model architectures have been studied to improve anomaly detection. Transfer learning uses weights from a deep neural model, pre-trained on a large dataset, and can be applied to a small dataset to provide convergence without overfitting. The classic approach to this problem usually involves signal processing techniques that extract valuable information from sensor data. This paper performs an anomaly detection task using a deep learning architecture to work with acoustic signals that are preprocessed to produce a spectrogram and scalogram. The SPOCU activation function was considered to improve the accuracy of the proposed approach. The extreme gradient boosting algorithm was used because it has high performance and requires little computational resources during the training phase. This algorithm can significantly improve the detection of anomalies in industrial equipment signals.
Results. The developed approach is implemented in software and evaluated for the anomaly detection task in acoustic signals of cyber-physical systems on the MIMII dataset.
Conclusions. The conducted experiments have confirmed the efficiency of the proposed approach and allow recommending it for practical use in diagnosing the state of industrial equipment. Prospects for further research may lie in the application of ensemble approaches based on transfer learning to various real datasets to improve the performance and fault-tolerance of cyber-physical systems.
TWO-SIDED APPROXIMATIONS METHOD BASED ON THE GREEN’S FUNCTIONS USE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A POSITIVE SOLUTION OF THE DIRICHLE PROBLEM FOR A SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION
Authors: Gybkina N. V. , Lamtyugova S. M. , Sidorov M. V. 
Published: October 2021

Context. The question of constructing a method of two-sided approximations for finding a positive solution of the Dirichlet problem for a semilinear elliptic equation based on the use of the Green’s functions method is considered. The object of research is the first boundary value problem (the Dirichlet problem) for a second-order semilinear elliptic equation.
Objective. The purpose of the research is to develop a method of two-sided approximations for solving the Dirichlet problem for second-order semilinear elliptic equations based on the use of the Green’s functions method and to study its work in solving test problems.
Method. Using the Green’s functions method, the initial first boundary value problem for a semilinear elliptic equation is replaced by the equivalent Hammerstein integral equation. The integral equation is represented in the form of a nonlinear operator equation with a heterotone operator and is considered in the space of continuous functions, which is semi-ordered using the cone of nonnegative functions. As a solution (generalized) of the boundary value problem, it was taken the solution of the equivalent integral equation. For a heterotone operator, a strongly invariant cone segment is found, the ends of which are the initial approximations for two iteration sequences. The first of these iterative sequences is monotonically increasing and approximates the desired solution to the boundary value problem from below, and the second is monotonically decreasing and approximates it from above. Conditions for the existence of a unique positive solution of the considered Dirichlet problem and two-sided convergence of successive approximations to it are given. General guidelines for constructing a strongly invariant cone segment are also given. The method developed has a simple computational implementation and a posteriori error estimate that is convenient for use in practice.
Results. The method developed was programmed and studied when solving test problems. The results of the computational experiment are illustrated with graphical and tabular informations.
Conclusions. The experiments carried out have confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed method and make it possible to recommend it for practical use in solving problems of mathematical modeling of nonlinear processes. Prospects for further research may consist the development of two-sided methods for solving problems for systems of partial differential equations, partial differential equations of higher orders and nonstationary multidimensional problems, using semi-discrete methods (for example, the Rothe’s method of lines).
Остеосинтез у разі переломів шийки та вертлюгової зони стегнової кістки в дітей
Authors: Popsuishapka Olexii , Dovhan Serhii , Khomyak Oleksandr 
Published: October 2021

Proximal femur fractures are uncommon injuries in children, accounting for less than 1 % of all fractures per year, but usually result in hospitalization and are at risk of complications. We have designed a device for bone fragments fixation in the case of proximal femur fractures and the method of its application in adults. The device consists of rods that are screwed into the cap of the head, the diaphyseal part and the module, which is located in the subtrochanter area. The rods can be connected to the module at any angle in the frontal plane. The device provides a certain stage of installation of the elements, which allows you to effectively place it with minimal bone destruction. Objective. Share your own experience in the treatment of femoral neck and proximal femur fractures in children. Material. The experience of treatment of 28 children with femoral neck fracture or proximal femur fractures for the period 2005–2020 is presented, 11 of them were treated conservatively with the skeletal traction. Osteosynthesis by the author’s device was performed in 17 patients: 15 closed reduction, 2 in case of intertrochanteric fracture, — open reduction. The method of osteosynthesis and postoperative management of patients is described in detail. Results. In children who were treated conservatively, the fracture consolidation was achieved within 5–7 months, in one of them — in the position of varus deformity. In contrast to conservative treatment, children began to walk with crutches after a few days after surgery, with partial weight-bearing on injured limb. The device was removed in 16 patients after 5–8 months, and complete fracture consolidation of the fragments in their anatomical position was noted. There were no pathological tissue reactions to the metal device. Conclusions. The proposed device and method of closed osteosynthesis with its usage in the case of proximal femur and femoral neck fractures in children can be recommended in the practice of pediatric traumatology.
Conceptual model of patho- and sanogenesis of the sacroiliac joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Korzh Mykola , Staude Volodymyr 
Published: October 2021

Objective. To develop a conceptual model of patho- and sanogene­sis of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) osteoarthritis on base of the known data about the SIJ, the results of our own biomechanical studies of this joint, its ligaments and stabilizing muscles by finite element modelling, data of clinical verification of these results. Methods. The object of the model is the SIJ as a link, which connects the spine and pelvis. The proposed conceptual model is based on the M. Panjabi hypothesis of chronic lumbar pain in the case of partial dama­ge to ligaments, which leads to muscle dysfunction. Results. A new conceptual model of SIJ osteoarthritis was developed. In this model we tried to take into account the limitations of the existing SIJ stability hypotheses and models of the appearance of the pelvic girdle pain, SIJ dysfunction and SIJ arthrosis. The model is based on the results of our own research. It was proved, that patients with SIJ osteoarthritis have an asymmetry of the width of the joint slits, the inclination of the sacrum and pelvis, sacral rotation, hyperlordosis in the LV–SI segment. These factors lead to a shift of the horizontal axis of sacral rotational mobility relative to the pelvic bones. This horizontal axis shift leads to the instabili­ty of the SIJ on one side of the joint, and to the functional block on another side. The results of these functional changes were damage of the SIJ ligaments-stabilizers, dysfunction of the SIJ muscles-stabilizers, degenerative changes of SIJ elements and pain. The deve­loped model allows to explain the distortion of muscular response pattern in patients with improper SIJ biomechanics in conditions of SIJ osteoarthritis. The increase of the SIJ biomechanics changes enlarges the the muscle response pattern distortion. Conclusions. The developed conceptual model explains many clinical manifestations of the SIJ osteoarthritis and will help to understand better the mechanics of the pelvic girdle pain in such conditions, will improve the results of diagnosis and treatment.
Features of surgical correction of various forms of hand syndactyly in children. Retrospective study of own treatment experience
Authors: Harbuzniak Iryna , Hrуtsenko Anastasiia 
Published: October 2021

Syndactyly is a congenital malformation which is characterized by impaired differentiation of upper extremity tissues. Surgical correction of syndactyly is aimed to achieve satisfactory cosmetic and functional result. Most often, elimination of the total syndactyly form of the fingers implies is achieved by techniques according to Flatt (1962), Cronin (1943), Gilbert (1986), Wood (1998), bone form requires usage of Buck-Gramko technique. Objective. To conduct a retrospective study of surgical treatment results in patients with various forms of hand syndactyly. Methods. The study included 84 patients (109 hands) with hand syndactyly who were operated during the period from 2012 to 2020 in the pediatric orthopedics clinic of the Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The mean age of patients was 6.5 years (1 to 16), 39 (46.4 %) boys and 45 (53.6 %) girls. Most often syndactyly of III–IV fingers (105 (96.3 %) hands) was managed by the Wood method, namely in 63 (60.0 %) hands and 8 (7.6 %) cases with severe bone forms were corrected by Buck-Gramko method. Rotational skin pieces Ghani and Buck-Gramko were used for surgical correction of I–II fingers syndactyly. Treatment results were evaluated by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). Results. According to VSS, the treatment result was classified as satisfactory in 73 (67.0 %) hands. Complications were noted in 11 (10.1 %) cases: 2 patients (18.2 % of 11) with congenital amniotic membranes were found to have lysis of a free skin piece; 1 (9.1 %) after removal of the bony syndactyly form had deviation of the nail phalanx; 3 (27.3 %) with Poland-syndrome were shown to have scarring of the interdigital space; 5 (45.4 %) with a complex bony form of syndactyly further on developed pulling scars, which caused deformity of the fingers and resulted in a correction in the form of multistage Z-plastics. Conclusions. All the patients showed improvement in the function and cosmetic results of the hand at the end of treatment. The best results were obtained in the case of simple and total forms of syndactyly treated with Wood technique.