bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for infection‐related hospitalization in end‐stage renal disease patients during peri‐dialysis period
Authors: He Tianming , Wu Yuchi , Li Xiaocui , Yang Min , Lin Qizhan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInfection‐related hospitalization during the peri‐dialysis period (PDP) in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) has received less attention. Considering the limited data, we explored the risk factors in this population. Retrospective analysis using the data system to examine factors for infection in ESRD during PDP between January 2012 and December 2017. Patients were divided into infected group and non‐infected group according to the history of infection. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to search for risk factors. A total of 478 patients were hospitalized during their PDP. One hundred and ninety patients developed infection (39.75%). Thirty‐six patients (18.95%) had two or more infection events, all due to recurrent respiratory infections. The respiratory system was the main site of infection (63.68%), followed by the urinary system and digestive system. Compared with the non‐infected group, the infected group had more patients with hypoproteinemia and coronary heart disease. The following factors: C‐reactive protein >15 mg/L, procalcitonin >1 ng/L, neutrophil percentage >75%, age >52.5 years, platelet >300 × 109/L, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and concomitant coronary heart disease were associated with the occurrence of infection in ESRD patients during PDP. Patients with ESRD have a high incidence of infection during the PDP, with respiratory infection most commonly seen. This research identified several factors associated with risk for infection, which should guide the design of infection prevention strategies.
Is the SEC captured? Evidence from political connectedness and SEC enforcement actions
Authors: Khokhar Abdul‐Rahman , Shahriari Hesam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of political connectedness (PC) on enforcement actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Our analysis confirms that SEC is not captured and shows that firms or executives with stronger PC are more likely to be criminally charged or face bar or suspension than firms or executives with weaker PC. In addition, we document that imposed fines are relatively higher for prosecuted firms and executives with stronger PC. These findings are robust to inclusions of controls for Republican Congress, Republican President, and recent regulatory reforms and are not driven by endogeneity concerns and sample selection bias.
Property in transition: Legal fantasies, land “reforms,” and contracting peace in Colombia
Authors: Morris Meghan L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Colombia's attempts to bring its decades‐long conflict to a close, the state engaged in a broad endeavor to transition to a new era: the “post‐conflict.” In this process, state initiatives to grant land restitution, as well as peace negotiations with FARC guerrillas, billed property as critical to paving the path to peace. This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork in the region of Urabá to explore how and why the relationship between property and peace becomes such a compelling formula for imagining the future, even as projects to reconfigure property for peace keep failing. I argue that legal fantasies, particularly about property and the social contract, become necessary in order to give shape to an aspirational future state in moments of purported transition.
Managing the “hot spots”
Authors: FLEMING MARK D. , SHIM JANET K. , YEN IRENE , DUBBIN LESLIE , THOMPSON‐LASTAD ARIANA , HANSSMANN CHRISTOPH , BURKE NANCY J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTHealth care systems in the United States are experimenting with a form of surveillance and intervention known as “hot spotting,” which targets high‐cost patients—the so‐called “super‐utilizers” of emergency departments—with intensive health and social services. Through a calculative deployment of resources to the costliest patients, health care hot spotting promises to simultaneously improve population health and decrease financial expenditures on health care for impoverished people. Through an ethnographic investigation of hot spotting's modes of distribution and its workings in the lives of patients and providers, we find that it targets the same individuals and neighborhoods as the police, who maintain longer‐standing practices of hot spotting in zones of racialized urban poverty. This has led to a convergence of caring and punitive strategies of governance. The boundaries between them are shifting as a financialized logic of governance has come to dominate both health and criminal justice. [health care, chronic illness, governance, policing, poverty, United States]
Developing methods to empirically study “institutional thickness” framework in cross‐border regions
Authors: Javakhishvili‐Larsen Nino 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInstitutional cross‐border interactions support the EU goals for regional development by creating joint local initiatives and cross‐border institutional cooperation networks. This paper aims to develop a new theoretical approach and methodological strategy for studying processes of cross‐border territorial integration within the EU. By building on the cross‐border institutional thickness (CBIT) conceptual framework, the paper analyses the policy targets in the cross‐border regional context. CBIT measures how its components support the required development or policy goals in different regions. Therefore, this paper provides theoretical and methodological approaches to the CBIT model and contributes to future studies in this field.
Riverscape approaches in practice: perspectives and applications
Authors: Torgersen Christian E. , Le Pichon Céline , Fullerton Aimee H. , Dugdale Stephen J. , Duda Jeffrey J. , Giovannini Floriane , Tales Évelyne , Belliard Jérôme , Branco Paulo , Bergeron Normand E. , Roy Mathieu L. , Tonolla Diego , Lamouroux Nicolas , Capra Hervé , Baxter Colden V. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTLandscape perspectives in riverine ecology have been undertaken increasingly in the last 30 years, leading aquatic ecologists to develop a diverse set of approaches for conceptualizing, mapping and understanding ‘riverscapes’. Spatiotemporally explicit perspectives of rivers and their biota nested within the socio‐ecological landscape now provide guiding principles and approaches in inland fisheries and watershed management. During the last two decades, scientific literature on riverscapes has increased rapidly, indicating that the term and associated approaches are serving an important purpose in freshwater science and management. We trace the origins and theoretical foundations of riverscape perspectives and approaches and examine trends in the published literature to assess the state of the science and demonstrate how they are being applied to address recent challenges in the management of riverine ecosystems. We focus on approaches for studying and visualizing rivers and streams with remote sensing, modelling and sampling designs that enable pattern detection as seen from above (e.g. river channel, floodplain, and riparian areas) but also into the water itself (e.g. aquatic organisms and the aqueous environment). Key concepts from landscape ecology that are central to riverscape approaches are heterogeneity, scale (resolution, extent and scope) and connectivity (structural and functional), which underpin spatial and temporal aspects of study design, data collection and analysis. Mapping of physical and biological characteristics of rivers and floodplains with high‐resolution, spatially intensive techniques improves understanding of the causes and ecological consequences of spatial patterns at multiple scales. This information is crucial for managing river ecosystems, especially for the successful implementation of conservation, restoration and monitoring programs. Recent advances in remote sensing, field‐sampling approaches and geospatial technology are making it increasingly feasible to collect high‐resolution data over larger scales in space and time. We highlight challenges and opportunities and discuss future avenues of research with emerging tools that can potentially help to overcome obstacles to collecting, analysing and displaying these data. This synthesis is intended to help researchers and resource managers understand and apply these concepts and approaches to address real‐world problems in freshwater management.
Expression of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 in adrenal adenoma correlates with clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Ahn Chang Ho , Na Hee Young , Park So Yeon , Yu Hyeong Won , Kim Su‐Jin , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun , Kim Sang Wan , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Kim Jung Hee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivePrimary aldosteronism (PA) shows histological heterogeneity and clinical variability, including the coexistence of hypercortisolemia. Immunohistochemical analyses of steroidogenic enzymes in adrenal tissues have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of PA. However, a comprehensive analysis of the association between enzyme expression and clinical characteristics of PA has rarely been conducted. We aimed to investigate the correlation between clinical characteristics and steroidogenic enzyme expression in PA.DesignA retrospective case‐control study.PatientsConsecutive patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy for PA (n = 180). Patients with adrenal Cushing's syndrome (CS) (n = 29) and nonfunctioning adenoma (n = 6) as comparator groups.MeasurementsA tissue microarray of adrenal adenomas was constructed and immunostained for CYP11B1, CYP11B2 and CYP17A1. The expression of the three enzymes was compared between PA and other adrenal diseases and between PA with and without mild autonomous cortisol excess (MACE).ResultsAdrenal adenomas in PA showed lower CYP11B1, higher CYP11B2 and lower CYP17A1 expression than those in adrenal CS (p < .001). Nonfunctioning adenomas showed low expression of the three enzymes. PA with MACE showed higher CYP11B1 expression than PA without MACE. CYP11B1 expression was positively correlated with the severity of hypercortisolemia, and CYP11B2 was positively correlated with that of hyperaldosteronism. The expression of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 had a negative correlation. Patients with absent clinical improvement after adrenalectomy had lower CYP11B2 expression than those with complete success.ConclusionsVariable expression of steroidogenic enzymes in adrenal adenoma underlies the clinical heterogeneity of PA and is associated with treatment outcomes.
Preoperative mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist reduces postoperative hyperkalaemia in patients with Conn syndrome
Authors: Zhang Jinghong , Libianto Renata , Lee James C. , Grodski Simon , Shen Jimmy , Fuller Peter J. , Yang Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe preoperative use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) in patients with unilateral forms of primary aldosteronism (PA) is not standardized. The current Endocrine Society Guidelines do not specifically recommend MRA treatment before surgery. It is unclear whether preoperative MRA can optimize perioperative blood pressure and potassium control, and reduce the incidence of postoperative hyperkalaemia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of MRA on the incidence of postoperative hyperkalaemia in addition to perioperative blood pressure and potassium concentration in patients undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for the treatment of PA.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral centres, Victoria, Australia.PatientsA total of 96 patients who were diagnosed with unilateral forms of PA: 73 patients (‘MRA’ group) received preoperative MRA while 23 patients (‘No‐MRA’ group) did not.ResultsThe prevalence of postoperative hyperkalaemia was significantly higher in the ‘No‐MRA’ group at 2–4 weeks after surgery, compared to the ‘MRA’ group (35% vs. 11%, p = .014). In a logistic regression, the use of MRA significantly predicted a lower incidence of postoperative hyperkalaemia after adjusting for age, sex, baseline aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio, potassium and preoperative eGFR. Before surgery, patients in the ‘MRA’ group had normalized blood pressure and potassium concentration requiring fewer antihypertensive medications and no potassium supplements.ConclusionPreoperative MRA use was associated with optimal perioperative blood pressure and normalized serum potassium in addition to a lower incidence of postoperative hyperkalaemia. MRA should be considered standard treatment for patients awaiting surgery for PA.
Buccal bone dimensional changes at immediate implant sites in the maxillary esthetic zone within a 4–12‐month follow‐up period: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao Zhen , Lee Chun‐Teh , He Si Meng , Zhang Shu , Bao Jibo , Xie Zhi Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in buccal bone dimensions (CBD) following immediate implant placement in the maxillary esthetic zone and to identify the factors influencing the degree of buccal bone resorption for different placement and restoration protocols.Material and methodsAn electronic search was conducted using the EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases, combined with a manual and gray literature search, up to January 2021. Selected clinical studies had to report the changes in horizontal buccal bone dimension in maxillary immediate implantation sites (premolar to premolar) at baseline and at follow‐up visits within a year of implantation. A meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate the mean value of the changes in horizontal and vertical buccal bone dimensions (CHBD and CVBD) around implants. To further investigate the heterogeneity and identify factors associated with buccal bone loss after immediate implant placement, subgroup analysis and univariate meta‐regression were performed.ResultsFrom a total of 3498 articles, 4 randomized controlled trials and 12 nonrandomized controlled trials were included for analysis. The mean survival rate of 568 implants was 99.6%. The mean CHBD and CVBD values were 0.71 mm (95% confidence interval: [0.56, 0.86]) and 0.58 mm (95% confidence interval: [0.43, 0.72]), respectively. For possible factors that related to bone resorption, including buccal bone thickness, flap design, bone grafting, horizontal defect dimension, and restoration protocol, bone grafting was the only variable that significantly influenced CHBD.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone does not prevent buccal bone from resorption. Due to data heterogeneity and the small sample size of the studies included in the analysis, further well‐conducted, randomized controlled trials with homogeneous samples are required to investigate the correlation of CBD with different variables.
Lupus erythematosus: correlation of clinical and histological findings and proposal for a modified disease classification
Authors: Weldemann Anne , Ziepert Marita , Kreuz Markus , Dumann Konstantin , Simon Jan Christoph , Kunz Manfred , Ziemer Mirjana 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundClassification of lupus erythematosus (LE) is conflicting as it is carried out from different starting points. Whereas dermatological classifications categorize LE morphologically based on specific cutaneous lesions, rheumatologic classifications are based on symptomatic aspects. Indeed, LE is a systemic autoimmune disease with variable acuity and organ involvement. All cutaneous disease patterns may occur in both limited‐cutaneous and systemic LE.Patients and Methods76 LE‐patients with complete clinical data, clinical photographs and biopsy of cutaneous manifestations as well as paraclinical findings were retrospectively analyzed. Based on a published two‐dimensional classification system that considers disease‐specific skin manifestations and final disease diagnosis separately, patients’ diagnoses were revised and compared with those in medical records. In addition, the extent to which patients could be clustered by diagnosis based on their LE‐specific skin manifestations, corresponding histopathological changes, and paraclinical data was investigated.ResultsAfter re‐evaluation, the proportion of patients with limited‐cutaneous LE decreased from 82% previously to 24%. More than two‐thirds of patients indeed showed intermediate or systemic LE. Disease‐specific skin manifestations, histologic characteristics and paraclinical data did not cluster with final diagnoses.ConclusionsFirst, the work underlines the systemic character of the disease. Second, a two‐dimensional approach can help overcome classification difficulties in LE, as skin‐morphologic and symptomatic aspects can be considered separately.
Testing the mid‐range model: Attachment in a high risk sample
Authors: Mitsven Samantha G. , Prince Emily B. , Messinger Daniel S. , Tenenbaum Elena J. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Tronick Edward Z. , Seifer Ronald , Lester Barry M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInfant attachment is a key predictor of later socioemotional functioning, but it is not clear how parental responsivity to infant expressive behavior is associated with attachment outcomes. A mid‐range model of responsivity holds that both unresponsive and highly reactive parental behaviors lead to insecure and disorganized attachment. We examined the relationship between maternal (and infant) contingent responsivity and attachment in a high‐risk sample. Participants were 625 infant‐mother pairs from a longitudinal study of children with and without prenatal drug exposure and variable levels of associated social risks. Infant‐mother pairs participated in the Face‐to‐Face/Still‐Face paradigm (FFSF) at 4‐months and in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 18‐months. A model incorporating both linear and quadratic responsivity effects indicated that mothers who were either very high (reactive) or very low (unresponsive) in responsivity were more likely to have infants with disorganized attachment outcomes. While maternal responsivity was associated with attachment disorganization, no associations between maternal responsivity, and attachment security/insecurity were detected. Infant responsivity to mother was not associated with attachment outcomes. The findings suggest the importance of mid‐range levels of maternal responsivity in the development of organized attachment among infants facing high levels of prenatal and social risk.
Ahead of maturation: Enhanced speech envelope training boosts rise time discrimination in pre‐readers at cognitive risk for dyslexia
Authors: Van Herck Shauni , Vanden Bempt Femke , Economou Maria , Vanderauwera Jolijn , Glatz Toivo , Dieudonné Benjamin , Vandermosten Maaike , Ghesquière Pol , Wouters Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDyslexia has frequently been related to atypical auditory temporal processing and speech perception. Results of studies emphasizing speech onset cues and reinforcing the temporal structure of the speech envelope, that is, envelope enhancement (EE), demonstrated reduced speech perception deficits in individuals with dyslexia. The use of this strategy as auditory intervention might thus reduce some of the deficits related to dyslexia. Importantly, reading‐skill interventions are most effective when they are provided during kindergarten and first grade. Hence, we provided a tablet‐based 12‐week auditory and phonics‐based intervention to pre‐readers at cognitive risk for dyslexia and investigated the effect on auditory temporal processing with a rise time discrimination (RTD) task. Ninety‐one pre‐readers at cognitive risk for dyslexia (aged 5–6) were assigned to two groups receiving a phonics‐based intervention and playing a story listening game either with (n = 31) or without (n = 31) EE or a third group playing control games and listening to non‐enhanced stories (n = 29). RTD was measured directly before, directly after and 1 year after the intervention. While the groups listening to non‐enhanced stories mainly improved after the intervention during first grade, the group listening to enhanced stories improved during the intervention in kindergarten and subsequently remained stable during first grade. Hence, an EE intervention improves auditory processing skills important for the development of phonological skills. This occurred before the onset of reading instruction, preceding the maturational improvement of these skills, hence potentially giving at risk children a head start when learning to read. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0BfT4dGXNA
Prevalence and clinical correlates of impaired glucose tolerance in first‐episode versus chronic patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Li Shen , Chen Dachun , Xiu Meihong , Li Jie , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimStudies using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) have shown that impaired glucose metabolism presents in the early stages of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, there is a lack of studies on changes in glucose metabolism with the stage of the disease. We first explored the features of glucose metabolic pattern at different phases of male SCZ.MethodsWe recruited 83 male first episode drug‐naïve patients with SCZ (FEDN‐SCZ) and 64 male chronic patients with SCZ (CH‐SCZ), as well as 14 male healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the psychopathology of patients. OGTT, fasting plasma glucose and lipid profiles of all participants were examined.ResultsWhile the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) rate of male SCZ patients was higher than that of HC (P < .05), there was no difference in IGT prevalence between FEDN‐SCZ and CH‐SCZ. In male FEDN‐SCZ, LDL (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.11–6.29, P = .028) and PANSS total score (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06, P = .046) were positively correlated with IGT; in male CH‐SCZ, BMI (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.08–2.67, P = .023), PANSS total score (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70–0.96, P = .015) and positive symptoms (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.20–0.99, P = .046) were significantly correlated with IGT.ConclusionsOur findings reflect different glucose metabolism patterns in different stages of SCZ.