bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Amylose on Structures and Properties of Chitosan‐Vanillin Films
Authors: Qin Dan , Wu Jun , Zhang Yuxiang , Bao Mian , Du Xiaoyue , Sang Hongqing , Wei Zhengyou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study experimentally investigates the effect of changes in amylose‐to‐amylopectin ratio on the multi‐scale structures, hydrophilicity, and thermal properties of starch–chitosan essential oil (EO) films incorporated with vanillin. The results indicate that aggregates and uneven structures tend to form in the EO films with a higher proportion of amylose. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as the chitosan content increases, the wavenumber of stretching vibration of hydroxyl and the bending vibration of amino groups decrease, while the wavenumber of stretching vibration of C‐O increases. Furthermore, with an increase in the chitosan content, the changes in the starch–chitosan EO film structure impacts the hydrophilic trend, and the hydrophilic changes in the EO films with common starch and G80 starch are significant changes with the proportions of starch to chitosan from 7:3 to 5:5. When their mass ratio is 3:7, the starch–chitosan EO films investigated exhibit the lowest decomposition peak temperature.
Asymptotic symmetries of scalar electrodynamics and of the abelian Higgs model in Hamiltonian formulation
Authors: Tanzi Roberto , Giulini Domenico 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate the asymptotic symmetry group of a scalar field minimally-coupled to an abelian gauge field using the Hamiltonian formulation. This extends previous work by Henneaux and Troessaert on the pure electromagnetic case. We deal with minimally coupled massive and massless scalar fields and find that they behave differently insofar as the latter do not allow for canonically implemented asymptotic boost symmetries. We also consider the abelian Higgs model and show that its asymptotic canonical symmetries reduce to the Poincaré group in an unproblematic fashion.
Virasoro algebras, kinematic space and the spectrum of modular Hamiltonians in CFT2
Authors: Das Suchetan , Ezhuthachan Bobby , Porey Somnath , Roy Baishali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We construct an infinite class of eigenmodes with integer eigenvalues for the Vacuum Modular Hamiltonian of a single interval N in 2d CFT and study some of its interesting properties, which includes its action on OPE blocks as well as its bulk duals. Our analysis suggests that these eigenmodes, like the OPE blocks have a natural description on the so called kinematic space of CFT2 and in particular realize the Virasoro algebra of the theory on this kinematic space. Taken together, our results hints at the possibility of an effective description of the CFT2 in the kinematic space language.
A rapid and reliable liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for SARS-CoV-2 analysis from gargle solutions and saliva
Authors: Kipping Marc , Tänzler Dirk , Sinz Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe a rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the direct detection and quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in gargle solutions and saliva. The method is based on a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry approach with a total cycle time of 5 min per analysis and allows the detection and accurate quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein as low as 500 amol/μL. We improved the sample preparation protocol of our recent piloting SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS study regarding sensitivity, reproducibility, and compatibility with a complementary reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of the same sample. The aim of this work is to promote diagnostic tools that allow identifying and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infections by LC-MS/MS methods in a routine clinical environment.
Graphical abstract
Molecular and comparative genomic analyses reveal evolutionarily conserved and unique features of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus mycelial growth and the underlying genomic changes
Authors: Papp László Attila , Ács-Szabó Lajos , Batta Gyula , Miklós Ida 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFungal pathogens, from phytopathogenic fungus to human pathogens, are able to alternate between the yeast-like form and filamentous forms. This morphological transition (dimorphism) is in close connection with their pathogenic lifestyles and with their responses to changing environmental conditions. The mechanisms governing these morphogenetic conversions are still not fully understood. Therefore, we studied the filamentous growth of the less-known, non-pathogenic dimorphic fission yeast,S. japonicus, which belongs to an ancient and early evolved branch of the Ascomycota. Its RNA sequencing revealed that several hundred genes were up- or down-regulated in the hyphae compared to the yeast-phase cells. These genes belonged to different GO categories, confirming that mycelial growth is a rather complex process. The genes of transport- and metabolic processes appeared especially in high numbers among them. High expression of genes involved in glycolysis and ethanol production was found in the hyphae, while other results pointed to the regulatory role of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. The homologues of 49S. japonicusfilament-associated genes were found by sequence alignments also in seven distantly related dimorphic and filamentous species. The comparative genomic analyses betweenS. japonicusand the closely related but non-dimorphicS. pombeshed some light on the differences in their genomes. All these data can contribute to a better understanding of hyphal growth and those genomic rearrangements that underlie it.
Prediction of the occurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones based on clinical and gut microbiota characteristics
Authors: Xiang Liyuan , Jin Xi , Liu Yu , Ma Yucheng , Jian Zhongyu , Wei Zhitao , Li Hong , Li Yi , Wang Kunjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo predict the occurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones based on clinical and gut microbiota characteristics.MethodsGut microbiota and clinical data from 180 subjects (120 for training set and 60 for validation) attending the West China Hospital (WCH) were collected between June 2018 and January 2021. Based on the gut microbiota and clinical data from 120 subjects (66 non-kidney stone individuals and 54 kidney stone patients), we evaluated eight machine learning methods to predict the occurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones.ResultsWith fivefold cross-validation, the random forest method produced the best area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94. We further applied random forest to an independent validation dataset with 60 samples (34 non-kidney stone individuals and 26 kidney stone patients), which yielded an AUC of 0.88.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that clinical data combined with gut microbiota characteristics may help predict the occurrence of kidney stones.
Self-updated four-node finite element using deep learning
Authors: Jung Jaeho , Jun Hyungmin , Lee Phill-Seung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a new concept called self-updated finite element (SUFE). The finite element (FE) is activated through an iterative procedure to improve the solution accuracy without mesh refinement. A mode-based finite element formulation is devised for a four-node finite element and the assumed modal strain is employed for bending modes. A search procedure for optimal bending directions is implemented through deep learning for a given element deformation to minimize shear locking. The proposed element is called a self-updated four-node finite element, for which an iterative solution procedure is developed. The element passes the patch and zero-energy mode tests. As the number of iterations increases, the finite element solutions become more and more accurate, resulting in significantly accurate solutions with a few iterations. The SUFE concept is very effective, especially when the meshes are coarse and severely distorted. Its excellent performance is demonstrated through various numerical examples.
Occurrence of inadequate ACL healing after Dynamic Intraligamentary Stabilization and functional outcome—a multicentre case series
Authors: Senftl Monika , Petek Daniel , Jacobi Matthias , Schallberger Alex , Spycher Jonathan , Stock Anna , Hess Rolf , Tannast Moritz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Dynamic Intraligamentary Stabilization (DIS) is a technique for preservation, anatomical repair and stabilization of a freshly injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term re-operation rate when compared to traditional autograft reconstruction.

Methods
Four, from the developer independent, centres enrolled patients that underwent ACL repair by DIS, according to the specific indications given by MRI imaging at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The re-operation rate was recorded as primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures were the postoperative antero-posterior knee laxity (using a portable Rolimeter®), as well as the Tegner, Lysholm and IKDC Scores.

Results
A total of 105 patients were investigated with a median follow-up of 21 months. Thirteen patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 92 patients 15 (16.3%) had insufficient functional stability and required subsequent ACL reconstruction. These patients were excluded from further analysis, leaving 77 consecutive patients for a 12 months follow-up. The median age at time of surgery was 30 years for that group. At time of follow-up a median antero-posterior translation difference of 2 mm was measured. None of these patients reported subjective insufficiency (giving way), but in 14 patients (18.2%), the difference of antero-posterior translation was more than 3 mm. We found a median Tegner Score of 5.5, a median Lysholm Score of 95.0 and a median IKDC Score of 89.4.

Conclusion
The main finding of this multicentre study is a relevant re-operation rate of 16.3%. Another 18.2% showed objective antero-posterior laxity (≥ 3 mm) during testing raising the suspicion of postoperative non-healing. The failure rate of DIS in this study is higher than for reconstruction with an autologous tendon graft. However, our successfully treated patients had a good clinical and functional outcome based on antero-posterior knee laxity and clinical scores, comparable to patients treated by autograft reconstruction.
Prähospitaler Kreislaufstillstand im Lockdown
Authors: Grübl T. , Plöger B. , Sassen M. C. , Jerrentrup A. , Schieffer B. , Betz S. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das SARS-CoV‑2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) hat sich weltweit ausgebreitet. Folgen von Infektionspräventionsmaßnahmen im Rahmen solcher Ansteckungsereignisse können speziell für Patienten mit außerklinischem Kreislaufstillstand (OHCA) Nachteile ergeben.

Methodik
Retrospektive Analyse von OHCA eines Landkreises in den Monaten Januar bis einschließlich Mai von 2018 bis 2020, wobei in 2020 die erste Welle der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und in 2018 eine Hochinzidenzphase des Influenzavirus vorlag.

Ergebnisse
N = 497 OHCA wurden untersucht (2018 n = 173, 2019 n = 149, 2020 n = 175). Es zeigte sich eine gleichbleibende Reanimationsinzidenz (85–99 Reanimationen/100.000 Einwohner/Jahr) und eine lokal typische Klientel („mean“ 70 Jahre, 66 % männlich; Median PES 3). Es ergaben sich keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede bei der Ausgangslage der Patienten (Anzahl beobachteter OHCA, Häufigkeit an Laienreanimationen, vermutete Ursachen des OHCA, initialer EKG-Rhythmus) und dem Behandlungsverlauf (Häufigkeit an ROSC/Krankenhausaufnahme/Überleben bis Krankenhausentlassung, neurologisches Outcome). Keiner der OHCA-Patienten in 2020 bot ein positives SARS-CoV-2- und drei Patienten in 2018 ein positives Influenzatestergebnis.

Diskussion
Die Lockdown-Maßnahmen während der ersten SARS-CoV-2-Welle scheinen das Outcome von OHCA-Patienten ohne COVID-19 insgesamt nicht beeinflusst zu haben.
Aktuelle Reformvorschläge zum Einkommensteuertarif
Authors: Bach Stefan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer aktuelle Einkommensteuertarif belastet Mittelschichten und Besserverdienende relativ stark durch den schnellen Anstieg der Progression. Entlastungen durch eine Anhebung des Grundfreibetrags oder eine Abmagerung des Mittelstandsbauchs führen leicht zu Steuerausfällen von höheren zweistelligen Milliardenbeträgen im Jahr. Erhöhungen der Spitzensteuersätze wirken dem entgegen, allerdings sind die Aufkommenspotenziale bei den Hochverdienenden begrenzt. Sollen zum Beispiel die unteren 95 % der Bevölkerung um 1 % ihres steuerpflichtigen Einkommens entlastet werden, muss man die obersten 5 % mit knapp 3 % belasten, die Grenzbelastungen müssen um 5,5 Prozentpunkte steigen.
Inflationsziel und Inflationsmessung in der Eurozone im Wandel
Authors: Schnabl Gunther , Sepp Tim Florian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungViele Menschen im Euroraum haben zunehmend das Gefühl, dass der allgemeine Kaufkraftverlust des Geldes sehr viel höher ist als die offiziell gemessenen Inflationsraten. So lag Umfrageergebnissen zufolge z. B. im ersten Quartal 2021 die gefühlte Inflation im Euroraum bei 4,5 %, während die offiziell gemessene Inflationsrate 1 % betrug. Das könnte daran liegen, dass Preissteigerungen subjektiv stärker wahrgenommen werden als Preissenkungen. Es kann aber ebenso gut daran liegen, wie Preisstabilität gemessen wird und wie sich die Umsetzung des Ziels der Preisstabilität durch die Europäische Zentralbank verändert hat.
Parallel and distributed computing for stochastic dual dynamic programming
Authors: Ávila D. , Papavasiliou A. , Löhndorf N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study different parallelization schemes for the stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) algorithm. We propose a taxonomy for these parallel algorithms, which is based on the concept of parallelizing by scenario and parallelizing by node of the underlying stochastic process. We develop a synchronous and asynchronous version for each configuration. The parallelization strategy in the parallelscenario configuration aims at parallelizing the Monte Carlo sampling procedure in the forward pass of the SDDP algorithm, and thus generates a large number of supporting hyperplanes in parallel. On the other hand, the parallel-node strategy aims at building a single hyperplane of the dynamic programming value function in parallel. The considered algorithms are implemented using Julia and JuMP on a high performance computing cluster. We study the effectiveness of the methods in terms of achieving tight optimality gaps, as well as the scalability properties of the algorithms with respect to an increasing number of CPUs. In particular, we study the effects of the different parallelization strategies on performance when increasing the number of Monte Carlo samples in the forward pass, and demonstrate through numerical experiments that such an increase may be harmful. Our results indicate that a parallel-node strategy presents certain benefits as compared to a parallel-scenario configuration.
Depression and loneliness of older adults in Europe and Israel after the first wave of covid-19
Authors: Atzendorf Josefine , Gruber Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpidemic control measures that aim to introduce social distancing help to decelerate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their consequences in terms of mental well-being might be negative, especially for older adults. While existing studies mainly focus on the time during the first lockdown, we look at the weeks afterward in order to measure the medium-term consequences of the first wave of the pandemic. Using data from the SHARE Corona Survey, we include retired respondents aged 60 and above from 25 European countries plus Israel. Combining SHARE data with macro-data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker allows us to include macro-indicators at the country level, namely the number of deaths per 100,000 and the number of days with stringent epidemic control measures, in addition to individual characteristics. The findings show that both macro-indicators are influential for increased feelings of sadness/depression, but that individual factors are crucial for explaining increased feelings of loneliness in the time after the first lockdown. Models with interaction terms reveal that the included macro-indicators have negative well-being consequences, particularly for the oldest survey participants. Additionally, the results reveal that especially those living alone had a higher risk for increased loneliness in the time after the first COVID-19 wave.
Automated Framework for the Inclusion of a His–Purkinje System in Cardiac Digital Twins of Ventricular Electrophysiology
Authors: Gillette Karli , Gsell Matthias A. F. , Bouyssier Julien , Prassl Anton J. , Neic Aurel , Vigmond Edward J. , Plank Gernot 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPersonalized models of cardiac electrophysiology (EP) that match clinical observation with high fidelity, referred to as cardiac digital twins (CDTs), show promise as a tool for tailoring cardiac precision therapies. Building CDTs of cardiac EP relies on the ability of models to replicate the ventricular activation sequence under a broad range of conditions. Of pivotal importance is the His–Purkinje system (HPS) within the ventricles. Workflows for the generation and incorporation of HPS models are needed for use in cardiac digital twinning pipelines that aim to minimize the misfit between model predictions and clinical data such as the 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG). We thus develop an automated two stage approach for HPS personalization. A fascicular-based model is first introduced that modulates the endocardial Purkinje network. Only emergent features of sites of earliest activation within the ventricular myocardium and a fast-conducting sub-endocardial layer are accounted for. It is then replaced by a topologically realistic Purkinje-based representation of the HPS. Feasibility of the approach is demonstrated. Equivalence between both HPS model representations is investigated by comparing activation patterns and 12 lead ECGs under both sinus rhythm and right-ventricular apical pacing. Predominant ECG morphology is preserved by both HPS models under sinus conditions, but elucidates differences during pacing.
Democratizing ownership and participation in the 4th Industrial Revolution: challenges and opportunities in cellular agriculture
Authors: Chiles Robert M. , Broad Garrett , Gagnon Mark , Negowetti Nicole , Glenna Leland , Griffin Megan A. M. , Tami-Barrera Lina , Baker Siena , Beck Kelly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the “4th Industrial Revolution,” i.e. the convergence of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, advanced materials, and bioengineering technologies, could accelerate socioeconomic insecurities and anxieties or provide beneficial alternatives to the status quo. In the post-Covid-19 era, the entities that are best positioned to capitalize on these innovations are large firms, which use digital platforms and big data to orchestrate vast ecosystems of users and extract market share across industry sectors. Nonetheless, these technologies also have the potential to democratize ownership, broaden political-economic participation, and reduce environmental harms. We articulate the potential sociotechnical pathways in this high-stakes crossroads by analyzing cellular agriculture, an exemplary 4th Industrial Revolution technology that synergizes computer science, biopharma, tissue engineering, and food science to grow cultured meat, dairy, and egg products from cultured cells and/or genetically modified yeast. Our exploration of this space involved multi-sited ethnographic research in both (a) the cellular agriculture community and (b) alternative economic organizations devoted to open source licensing, member-owned cooperatives, social financing, and platform business models. Upon discussing how these latter approaches could potentially facilitate alternative sociotechnical pathways in cellular agriculture, we reflect upon the broader implications of this work with respect to the 4th Industrial Revolution and the enduring need for public policy reform.
Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions for HIV Prevention and Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses
Authors: Manby Louisa , Aicken Catherine , Delgrange Marine , Bailey Julia V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHIV is still the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite medical advances. eHealth interventions are effective for HIV prevention and management, but it is unclear whether this can be generalised to resource-poor settings. This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in SSA. Six electronic databases were screened to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2000 and 2020. Meta-analyses were performed, following Cochrane methodology, to assess the impact of eHealth interventions on HIV-related behaviours and biological outcomes. 25 RCTs were included in the review. Meta-analyses show that eHealth interventions significantly improved HIV management behaviours (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05–1.40; Z = 2.67; p = 0.008), but not HIV prevention behaviours (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.78–1.34; Z = 0.17; p = 0.86) or biological outcomes (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.89–1.54; Z = 1.10; p = 0.27) compared with minimal intervention control groups. It is a hugely important finding that eHealth interventions can improve HIV management behaviours as this is a low-cost way of improving HIV outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV in SSA. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020186025.
Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the Gender Equitable Men’s Scale Using a Longitudinal Cohort of Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa
Authors: Wesson Paul D. , Lippman Sheri A. , Neilands Torsten B. , Ahern Jennifer , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInequitable gender norms and beliefs contribute to increased sexual risk behavior, and, among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), risk of HIV acquisition. We investigated the longitudinal measurement properties of the Gender Equitable Men’s Scale (GEMS) when applied to a cohort of AGYW in rural South Africa (2011–2015). We used item response theory [Person-Item maps, Differential Item Functioning (DIF)] and measurement invariance confirmatory factor analysis models to assess the validity and reliability of the GEMS instrument. Item difficulty and endorsement of gender equitable beliefs both shifted over time. DIF analysis identified item bias for over half of the items; influenced by age, pregnancy, sexual debut, and intimate partner violence. Measurement invariance models revealed strong longitudinal invariance properties. GEMS is a reliable longitudinal measurement of gender equitable beliefs, with notable bias for specific items when administered to subgroups. Additional items specific to the adolescent experience are warranted for a more stable assessment of gender equitable beliefs in a population facing shifting norms as they mature.