bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subwavelength optical localization with toroidal excitations in plasmonic and Mie metamaterials
Authors: Yang Ruisheng , Xu Jing , Shen Nian‐Hai , Zhang Fuli , Fu Quanhong , Li Junjie , Li Hongqiang , Fan Yuancheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the performance of electronic circuits is becoming rather limited in face of intensively increasing of amount of information and related operations, all‐optical processing offers a promising strategy for future information system. It would benefit a great deal if the all‐optical processing could be implemented within the developed electronic chips of nanoscale structures. In that it is highly desirable to break the diffraction limit of light for achieving effective light manipulations with deep subwavelength structures compatible with the state‐of‐the‐art nanofabrication processes. It is of fundamental importance to get subwavelength optical localization, that is, squeeze light wave into subwavelength space for achieving freely manipulating of light fields. This review summarizes the development in realizing subwavelength optical localization by exciting toroidal mode in photonic metamaterials. The toroidal excitations in plasmonic metamaterials and Mie resonant metamaterials, in 3D structures and planar metamaterials, with single or few layers in spectral regime from microwave to optical frequencies are surveyed. Based on the discussion on the configurations of toroidal excitations, the recent development on toroidal‐related optical scattering control actively manipulates the toroidal excitations, and promising applications are further investigated and highlighted.image
Variability in fluvial suspended and streambed sediment phosphorus fractions among small agricultural streams
Authors: Sandström Sara , Futter Martyn N. , O'Connell David W. , Lannergård Emma E. , Rakovic Jelena , Kyllmar Katarina , Gill Laurence W. , Djodjic Faruk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAgriculture is a major source of sediment and particulate phosphorus (P) inputs to freshwaters. Distinguishing between P fractions in sediment can aid in understanding its eutrophication risk. Although streams and rivers are important parts of the P cycle in agricultural catchments, streambed sediment and especially fluvial suspended sediment (FSS) and its P fractions are less studied. To address this knowledge gap, seasonal variations in FSS P fractions and their relation to water quality and streambed sediment were examined in three Swedish agricultural headwater catchments over 2 yr. Sequential fractionation was used to characterize P fractions in both streambed sediment and FSS. All catchments had similar annual P losses (0.4–0.8 kg ha–1), suspended solids (124–183 mg L–1), and FSS total P concentrations (1.15–1.19 mg g–1). However, distribution of P fractions and the dominant P fractions in FSS differed among catchments (p < .05), which was most likely dependent on differences in catchment geology, clay content, external P sources, and flow conditions. The most prominent seasonal pattern in all catchments was found for iron‐bound P, with high concentrations during low summer flows and low concentrations during winter high flows. Streambed sediment P fractions were in the same concentration ranges as in FSS, and the distribution of the fractions differed between catchments. This study highlights the need to quantify P fractions, not just total P in FSS, to obtain a more complete understanding of the eutrophication risk posed by agricultural sediment losses.
Identification and characterization of a novel 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor in the sea cucumberApostichopus japonicus(Selenka)
Authors: Zhang Bing , Yang Jing‐Wen , Han Tao , Huang De‐Xiang , Zhao Zi‐Hao , Feng Jia‐Qian , Zhou Nai‐Ming , Xie Hong‐Qing , Wang Tian‐Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) receptors (5‐HTRs) mediate neuroendocrine signaling via interactions with the ligand serotonin (5‐HT). The 5‐HT signaling system has been well studied in vertebrates, but rarely known in invertebrate animals, especially in the marine invertebrates. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel 5‐HTR from the sea cucumberApostichopus japonicus(Aj5‐HT4/6). The cloned Aj5‐HT4/6open reading frame comprised 1290 bp and encoded 429 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis of the receptor indicated that it was a member of the class A of the G protein‐coupled receptor family. Further experiments using Aj5‐HT4/6‐transfected HEK293 cells demonstrated that treatment with 5‐HT could induce rapid internalization of Aj5‐HT4/6fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein from the cell surface into the cytoplasm and triggered a significant increase in levels of the second messenger cAMP as well as mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation in a 5‐HT dose‐dependent manner. Quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that Aj5‐HT4/6was predominantly expressed in the muscle and respiratory tree, and its expression was significantly decreased during estivation. Taken together, these results imply that Aj5‐HT4/6is potentially involved in the movement and metabolism of the sea cucumber.
Meeting movement quantity or quality return to sport criteria is associated with reduced second ACL injury rate
Authors: van Melick Nicky , Pronk Yvette , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden Maria , Rutten Sebastiaan , van Tienen Tony , Hoogeboom Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purposes of this prospective cohort study were (1) to assess if second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rate 2 years after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in those who returned to pivoting sport was associated with meeting (a) quantitative return to sport (RTS) criteria, (b) qualitative RTS criteria, and (c) combined quantitative and qualitative RTS criteria, and (2) to determine why athletes did not return to their preinjury (level of) sport. Athletes after ACLR performed RTS tests immediately before RTS: seven movement quantity (strength and hop test battery) and two movement quality (countermovement jump with LESS score and hop‐and‐hold test) tests. A 2‐year postoperative questionnaire asked for RTS, reasons for not returning to the same (level of) sport and second ACL injuries. One hundred and forty‐four athletes (82%) completed the questionnaire and 97 of them returned to a pivoting sport. Seven of these athletes had a second ACL injury. Meeting the hop test battery RTS criterion (absolute risk reduction 11%; p = .047) and hop‐and‐hold test RTS criterion (absolute risk reduction 15%; p = .031) were both significantly associated with a reduced second ACL injury rate. Meeting combined RTS criteria were not significantly associated with second ACL injury rate. Therefore, RTS tests after ACLR should at least comprise a hop test battery or the hop‐and‐hold test to reduce second ACL injury risk after return to pivoting sport. Also, one‐third of all athletes mentioned fear of reinjury as the main reason for not returning to their preinjury (level of) sport. This psychological component should be taken seriously and discussed during rehabilitation.
Development and validation of a latent, multidimensional, self‐report periodontal disease measure
Authors: Wright Casey D. , Heaton Brenda , McNeil Daniel W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐report measures of periodontal disease have utility for screening, but have not capitalized on a latent variable approach based on psychometric theory to validate such measures. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically valid self‐report measure of periodontal disease using latent variable factor analysis and other evidence‐based psychometric analyses.MethodsLikert‐type items reflecting periodontal disease were administered to a sample of adults (n = 828) in the United States via an online survey. Items were adapted from prior self‐report measures or were newly developed based on psychometric item development theory and theoretical knowledge of periodontal disease. Psychometric analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, parallel analysis, and a calculation of internal consistency.ResultsExploratory factor analysis (EFA) was indicative of the goodness‐of‐fit with two factors (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.97; Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.96; standardized root mean squared residual = 0.06); five of the 22 original survey questions were eliminated based on the results of this EFA. Parallel analysis supported a two‐factor model to represent the similarities across items—one factor reflecting physiologic components and another reflecting functional components of periodontal disease. Confirmatory Factor Analysis also indicated adequate model fit (RMSEA = 0.07; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; and weighted root mean square residual = 1.20).ConclusionsPsychometric analyses of a new 17‐item periodontal disease self‐report measure provided initial evidence of construct/factor validity. This approach to developing self‐report periodontal disease measures may facilitate useful and cost‐effective estimates of periodontal disease and provide a testable scale. Future work should include clinical validation.
Controversies and consensus in transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME): Is it a valid choice for rectal cancer?
Authors: Jiang Tian‐Yu , Ma Jun‐Jun , Zheng Min‐Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is a novel approach to radical surgery for low rectal cancer. taTME is associated with the benefits of a higher rate of free distal resection margins (DRM) under direct visualization, better visualization of the mesorectal plane, and the feasibility of overcoming the restriction of the distal pelvis. Thus, it is increasingly used globally. In this review, we investigated whether taTME yields better short‐ and long‐term outcomes than laparoscopic TME.
Prognostic value of apical lymph node metastasis at the inferior mesenteric artery in sigmoid and rectal cancer patients who undergo laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Ma Junjun , Fu Zhanwei , Hong Hiju , Zhang Luyang , Xue Pei , Cai Zhenghao , He Zirui , Zang Lu , Zheng Minhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEvidence supporting the importance of apical lymph nodes (LNs) and the potential long‐term impact of LN metastases at the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) lymphectomy remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of LNs at the IMA (IMA‐LN) in sigmoid and rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 265 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid or rectal cancer surgery between August 2016 and May 2020. They were divided into two groups according to the pathological results of the IMA LNs: IMA‐LN negative (n = 248) and IMA‐LN positive (n = 17).ResultsThe IMA‐LN negative group had significantly better overall survival (OS) (p = .020) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = .000) than did the IMA‐LN positive group. IMA‐LN metastasis was associated with worse OS and DFS regardless of the pN stage. Patients with IMA‐LN metastasis had a higher risk of postoperative recurrence, especially liver (p = .000) and lung (p = .025) metastasis, than did those without metastasis. However, there was no significant difference in the local recurrence rate between the two groups.ConclusionsIMA‐LN metastasis is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in sigmoid and rectal cancer. Dissecting and evaluating IMA‐LN separately is a more accurate and practical method for predicting prognosis.
Long‐term patient‐reported outcome measures following limb salvage with complex reconstruction or amputation in the treatment of upper extremity sarcoma
Authors: Hoftiezer Yannick A. J. , Lans Jonathan , van der Heijden Brigitte E. P. A. , Chen Neal C. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Lozano‐Calderón Santiago A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study compares long‐term patient‐reported outcomes between patients that underwent limb‐salvage surgery with complex reconstruction by free or pedicled flap (LS) or amputation. Additionally, the need for revision surgery is compared.MethodsA total of 43 patients were studied at a median follow‐up of 9.54 years. Sixteen patients completed questionnaires regarding functional outcome and mental wellbeing. Functional outcomes were measured by using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), QuickDASH, and PROMIS Upper Extremity instruments. Mental wellbeing was assessed using the PROMIS Anxiety and Depression instruments. Revision surgery was assessed for the entire follow‐up.ResultsThe median TESS scores were 96.0 versus 71.7 (p = 0.034) and the PROMIS Upper Extremity scores were 50.1 versus 40.3 (p = 0.039) for the LS and amputation cohorts, respectively. No significant difference was found regarding symptoms of anxiety (52.7 vs. 53.8; p = 0.587) or depression (52.0 vs. 50.5; p = 0.745). Of the patients in the LS cohort 51.6% required at least one reoperation compared to 8.33% in the amputation cohort.ConclusionsLS surgery maintains functional benefits over amputation after almost a decade of follow‐up. Still, mental wellbeing seems to be comparable between these patients, whereas LS procedures are associated with a sixfold increased need for reoperations.
Fast analysis of alkaloids from different parts of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. studied for their anti‐Alzheimer's activity using supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Huang Yang , Wang Tiejie , Jiang Zhengjin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, a rapid and highly efficient method was developed for the separation of eight isoquinoline alkaloids using supercritical fluid chromatography. The separation conditions were carefully optimized including stationary phases, additives, backpressure, and temperature. Compared to high‐performance liquid chromatography, the use of supercritical fluid chromatography could provide a 13 times faster separation. Subsequently, the method was validated and applied for the determination of eight alkaloids from different parts of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. (stem, root, leaf, and seed). The results indicated a good repeatability with relative standard deviations for overall precisions lower than 3.2%. The limit of detection was between 0.4 and 2.3 μg/mL while limit of quantitation ranged from 1.5 to 7.5 μg/mL. Recovery ranged from 95.7 to 102.5% indicating a validity of recovery. The content of total eight alkaloids was the highest in stem (66.0 μg/g) and root (65.1 μg/g) compared to leaf or seed. Moreover, anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity for those extracts was evaluated by Ellman's colorimetric assay. As a result, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the extracted samples was in the following decreasing order: stem > root > leaf or seed. In conclusion, the results indicated that supercritical fluid chromatography could be a useful tool for quality control of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. containing alkaloids as active compounds.
Estimation of precipitation induced by tropical cyclones based on machine‐learning‐enhanced analogue identification of numerical prediction
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Li Lei , Liu Ye‐Sen , Chan Pak‐Wai , Zhang Wen‐Hai , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA tropical cyclone (TC) is an extremely hazardous weather event. These events include heavy rain as an important hazard factor, which poses a serious threat to the public safety of coastal cities. Presently, numerical weather prediction (NWP) is an important and commonly used method to support the forecasting of the impact of TCs. However, relatively high uncertainty still remains in quantitative precipitation predictions provided by NWP, which makes it difficult to meet the demands of public safety management in regions affected by TCs. To remediate this deficiency, the study combines machine learning (ML) techniques with NWP and proposes a new analogue identification method for TC precipitation estimation. The method consists of three parts. First, the output data of historical NWPs, including wind, temperature, humidity of 850 hPa and sea‐level pressure field, are deposited into a massive sample library. Second, the dimensionality of the sample library is reduced by using the locally linear embedding (LLE) method, and a characteristic subspace containing the features of the original sample library is formed. Finally, when a new NWP prediction appears, it can be projected into the characteristic subspace, and the historical NWP sample having the greatest similarity with the current NWP prediction can be identified. The observational precipitation corresponding to the most similar historical NWP sample can then be used to estimate the potential impact of current TCs. This method is verified using observation results from the coastal city of Shenzhen, China. The results show that the prediction of the method proposed in the current study exhibited significant improvement compared with prediction results provided by both the NWP's direct output and a traditional method used in the city.
Early Enteral Nutrition in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID‐19 Infection
Authors: Farina Nicholas , Nordbeck Sarah , Montgomery Michelle , Cordwin Laura , Blair Faith , Cherry‐Bukowiec Jill , Kraft Michael D. , Pleva Melissa R. , Raymond Erica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutrition therapy is essential in critically ill adults. Little is known about appropriate nutrition therapy in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study in adult patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection receiving mechanical ventilation. Data regarding patient demographics and nutrition therapy were collected. Patients that received enteral nutrition within 24 hours of starting mechanical ventilation were compared with patients starting enteral nutrition later. The primary outcome was inpatient length of stay. Propensity score matching was conducted to control for baseline differences in patient groups.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐five patients were included in final analysis. Patients who received enteral nutrition within 24 hours received a significantly greater daily amount of calories (17.5 vs 15.2 kcal/kg, P = .015) and protein (1.04 vs 0.85 g/kg, P = .003). There was no difference in length of stay (18.5 vs 23.5 days, P = .37). The propensity score analysis included 100 patients. Following propensity scoring, significant differences in daily calorie (17.7 [4.6] vs 15.1 [5.1] kcal/kg/d, P = .009) and protein (1.03 [0.35] vs 0.86 [0.38] g/kg/d, P = .014) provision remained. No differences in length of stay or other outcomes were noted in the propensity score analysis.ConclusionInitiation of enteral nutrition within 24 hours was not associated with improved outcomes in mechanically ventilated adults with COVID‐19. No harm was detected either. Future research should seek to clarify optimal timing of enteral nutrition initiation in patients with COVID‐19 who require mechanical ventilation.
Polypropylene/thermoplastic polyester elastomer blend: Crystallization properties, rheological behavior, and foaming performance
Authors: Liu Bujin , Jiang Tuanhui , Zeng Xiangbu , Deng Rong , Gu Jun , Gong Wei , He Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe inherently linear polypropylene suffers unsatisfying foaming behavior due to its low melt strength. To overcome this drawback, polypropylene‐/polypropylene‐grafted glycidyl methacrylate/thermoplastic polyester elastomer (PP/PP‐g‐GMA/TPEE) blending foam is prepared by the chemical foaming method in this study. The foaming mechanism of blending was studied from the aspects of the rheological behavior and the crystallization property. The results show that TPEE disperses in the PP matrix with fine particles and forms ideal interfaces, which provide a large number of nucleation sites for the foaming process of blending, inducing heterogeneous nucleation. Both of the 15 wt% and 20 wt% TPEE‐modified PP composites show higher shear viscosity and obvious strain hardening behavior. It has been proved that the cross‐linking network structure formed by TPEE and PP‐g‐GMA reaction improves the melt strength. The cell size decreases from 37.6 to 24.8 μm, and the cell density increases from 2.9 × 106 cells/cm3to 2.5 × 107 cells/cm3. Compared with PP composites, the foaming window of the PP/PP‐g‐GMA/TPEE composites was widened.
Recycling of polyurethane wastes using different carboxylic acids via acidolysis to produce wood adhesives
Authors: Godinho Bruno , Gama Nuno , Barros‐Timmons Ana , Ferreira Artur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aims to provide further understanding on the depolymerization of polyurethanes (PU) via acidolysis. Therefore, polyurethane foams scraps are chemical recycled using different dicarboxylic acids, namely succinic and phthalic dicarboxylic acids, being the reaction products identified using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The results obtained show that succinic acid has higher efficiency as cleavage agent, as a result, the succinic acid ensuing recovered polyol (RP) presents higher hydroxyl value and lower viscosity. Additionally, from the oxidative‐induction time measurements, it is observed that the RP is considerably more thermally stable, than the petroleum‐based polyol, due to the higher content of aromatic moieties. Afterwards, the RP is used as substitute of petroleum‐based polyol in the production of polyurethane adhesives (PUA) and compared with conventional polyol based PUA. Due to the higher content of aromatic moieties, higher bonding strength is achieved using the RP. Overall, further understanding on the acidolysis is obtained, proving the suitability of this method for the recycling of PU.
Precision health in Alzheimer disease: Risk assessment‐based strategies
Authors: Azar Jihan , Salama Mohamed , Chidambaram Saravana Babu , Al‐Balushi Buthaina , Essa Musthafa Mohamed , Qoronfleh M. Walid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that affects an individual's cognitive function over an extended period. Treatment and prevention for AD have long been sought after; however, no strategy has yet been successful, as individuals with cognitive impairment usually present to the clinic when they have reached an advanced stage of the disease. The disease is progressive and multifactorial in its pathogenesis. Precision medicine (PM) is the new era of medicine comprising a holistic approach in dealing with diseases. With scientific innovations, PM has improved our disease knowledge, altered diagnoses and therapy approaches resulting in a more precise, predictive, preventative and personalized patient care. PM in AD focuses, among other things, on stratifying individuals according to their risk factors of developing the disease and applying preventative strategies and personalized treatment approaches for a better outcome. In this mini‐review, we have focused on a few modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors and presented recommendations for future consideration to implement.