bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of 2 biometers using swept-source OCT technology
Authors: Panthier Christophe , Rouger Helene , Gozlan Yoni , Moran Sarah , Gatinel Damien 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To report the repeatability, level of agreement, and correlation of 2 swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometers, the IOLMaster 700 (biometer A) and the ANTERION (biometer B).

Setting:
Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France.

Design:
Prospective comparative case series.

Methods:
Consecutive patients who attended for cataract assessment had SS-OCT biometry performed with the reference, biometer A, and biometer B. Axial length, mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and corneal diameter measurements (white-to-white [WTW] distance) were measured. The intraoperator repeatability was calculated using analysis of variance and repeatability limits. Correlations were assessed, and the level of agreement between the biometers was represented with the Bland-Altman method.

Results:
The study comprised 63 patients (125 eyes). There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 biometers in all measurements (P < .05). All repeatability measurements were very high, as were the level of correlation and level of agreement between biometer A and biometer B for all parameters.

Conclusions:
Biometer B provided good agreement and repeatability compared with biometer A; however, all parameters were not interchangeable, particularly, the WTW measurement and the high keratometric values.
Ninety Years of Multiple Psychotic-Like and Spiritual Experiences in a Doctor Honoris Causa
Authors: Damiano Rodolfo Furlan , Machado Liliane , Loch Alexandre Andrade , Moreira-Almeida Alexander , Machado Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Psychotic experiences are common experiences shared by a considerable part of the world's population. Moreover, most of the individuals who report these experiences also report those called spiritual and dissociative phenomena. In specific culture and religious backgrounds, these experiences are frequently seen as a part of normal human experiences, usually called mediumship. We report a case of a famous Brazilian medium with 90 years of experiencing psychotic-like, dissociative and/or spiritual experiences, but coped well with the experiences and never sought psychiatric or psychological assistance. The medium received several honorific prizes, such as doctor honoris causa from different institutions, published more than 200 books, and ran a nonprofit organization that takes care of 5000 people daily. Finally, we review the literature on this topic and stress the urge for more research aiming to distinguish pathological and nonpathological psychotic experiences to avoid overmedicalization and iatrogenic treatments.
The Moderating Effect of Older Adults' Receptive Arts Engagement on the Association Between Resilience and Anxiety Symptoms During Coronavirus Breakout
Authors: Keisari Shoshi , Hoffman Yaakov , Ring Lia , Palgi Yuval 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, we evaluated whether levels of receptive arts engagement (visiting museums/concerts/the theater/the cinema) during the year preceding the COVID-19 outbreak may have served as a psychological resource for older adults that mitigated the association between resilience levels and COVID-19 anxiety when the pandemic broke out. Data were collected after the enactment of the first emergency regulations (between March 15 and April 1, 2020) via the Qualtrics Survey Software link that was sent out through social media platforms. In total, 205 participants aged 65 to 92 (mean age, 72.32; SD, 5.63) reported general anxiety symptom levels (GAD-7) (Spitzer et al., 2006), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), frequency of receptive arts engagement in the previous year, health status, exposure to risk situations, and behavioral changes due to the pandemic. Our hypothesis that receptive arts would moderate the resilience–COVID-19 anxiety link was examined by a multiple hierarchical regression analysis and with the PROCESS computational tool. Findings show that resilience was associated with COVID-19 anxiety and that this association was moderated by levels of receptive arts engagement. The findings show that high levels of prior art engagement constituted a potent buffer against subsequent COVID-19 anxiety. Policy makers may benefit older adults by encouraging their engagement in arts activities, even during social distancing.
Studying the suitability of hybrid micelle liquid chromatography for estimating the lipophilicity of some partial dopamine agonists used to attain the reward circuit
Authors: Wahba M. E. K. , El Wasseef D. , El Sherbiny D. 
Published: May 2021

Three micellar-based mobile phases were developed and optimized for the simultaneous determination of certain partial dopamine agonists that are used to overcome the withdrawal symptoms of abused drugs, namely aripiprazole, pramipexole and piribedil. The studied drugs were separated using micellar liquid chromatography, hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC) and microemulsion liquid chromatography (MELC). The three developed mobile phases were studied to estimate their suitability for the measurement of log
p
-values of the studied drugs. Experimental determination of log

P
m/w

values using the three mobile phases demonstrates that HMLC is the mobile phase of choice since the obtained practical log

P
m/w

values were in accordance with the reported log
P
values, and calculated log
P
and log
D
values. An explanation of the obtained results was presented based on the separation retention mechanism for each chromatographic technique. Furthermore, the effect of the pH and the column temperature in HMLC on the practical log

P
m/w

values was studied. To verify its suitability for experimental measurement of log

P
m/w
,

HMLC was subjected to full validation according to the United States Pharmacopeia.
Detection of choroidal hypoperfusion in giant cell arteritis using swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography
Authors: Lu Edward S. , Yuan Amy , Cohen Devon A. , Katz Raviv , Miller John B. , Gaier Eric D. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography (SS-OCTA) can demonstrate choroidal perfusion abnormalities seen on fluorescein angiography (FA) in giant cell arteritis (GCA).DesignObservational case series.ParticipantsSix eyes of 3 patients with bilateral ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to GCA, and one control patient without ocular involvement from biopsy-confirmed GCA.MethodsEn face SS-OCTA (DRI OCT Triton, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) and FA centered on the macula were obtained at presentation. SS-OCTA was segmented into superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses and the choriocapillaris laminae. SS-OCTA images were independently analyzed for perfusion abnormalities and compared with corresponding FA images.Main Outcome MeasuresCorrespondence of choroidal angiographic abnormalities on SS-OCTA and FA.ResultsSS-OCTA showed decreased angiographic signal within the choriocapillaris in 5/6 eyes and corresponded to hypoperfusion abnormalities on FA in similar geographic distributions in 5/5 eyes. SS-OCTA also showed dilation of the deep retinal capillary plexus overlying the area of choroidal hypoperfusion in one eye. In the one eye without angiographic signal abnormalities on SS-OCTA, no perfusion changes were noted on FA. One control patient without ocular involvement from biopsy-confirmed GCA did not show choroidal perfusion changes on SS-OCTA or FA.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrates comparability between SS-OCTA and FA in detection and characterization of choroidal hypoperfusion secondary to GCA. As a rapid and non-invasive tool, SS-OCTA may serve as a viable alternative to FA in the diagnostic evaluation of GCA.
Alzheimer’s Disease Classification Using 2D Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Liang Gongbo , Xing Xin , Liu Liangliang , Ying Qi , Lin Ai-Ling , Jacobs Nathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a non-treatable and non-reversible disease that affects about 6% of people who are 65 and older. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a pseudo-3D imaging modality that is widely used for AD diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks with 3D kernels (3D CNNs) are often the default choice for deep learning based MRI analysis. However, 3D CNNs are usually computationally costly and data-hungry. Such disadvantages post a barrier of using modern deep learning techniques in the medical imaging domain, in which the number of data can be used for training is usually limited. In this work, we propose three approaches that leverage 2D CNNs on 3D MRI data. We test the proposed methods on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset across two popular 2D CNN architectures. The evaluation results show that the proposed method improves the model performance on AD diagnosis by 8.33% accuracy or 10.11% auROC, while significantly reduce the training time by over 89%. We also discuss the potential causes for performance improvement and the limitation. We believe this work can serve as a strong baseline for future researchers.
Report: Evaluating the ability of the TMA Clinical Decision Support platform to identify interventions in a clinical setting
Authors: Resnikoff Joshua , Giraldo Yessica , Williamson Lina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe TMA Precision Health Clinical Decision Support system is a commercially available software platform focused on the confirmation of a precision diagnosis and generation of a personalized care plan to rapidly deliver therapeutic optionality and improve quality of life for rare and complex disease patients. For this study, we worked with our partners in Medellin, Colombia to evaluate the efficacy of the platform in identifying previously unexplored modes of care within a small sample population of adult patients suffering from a diverse set of rare diseases. Although challenges were encountered during the curation of data from multiple sources, personalized care plans and medication options were identified successfully for 94% of cases, suggesting a high level of impact for deployment at scale.
Metabolomics and a Breath Sensor Identify Acetone as a Biomarker for Heart Failure
Authors: Gladding Patrick A. , Young Renee , Cooper Maxine , Loader Suzanne , Smith Kevin , Zarate Erica , Green Saras , Villas-Boas Silas G. , Shepherd Phillip , Kakadiya Purvi , Thorstensen Eric , Keven Christine , Coe Margaret , Jüllig Mia , Zhang Edmond , Schlegel Todd T. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMultiomics delivers more biological insight than targeted investigations. We applied multiomics to patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods46 patients with HFrEF and 20 controls underwent metabolomic profiling, including liquid/gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS/GCMS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) volatilomics in plasma and urine. HFrEF was defined using left ventricular global longitudinal strain, ejection fraction and NTproBNP. A consumer breath acetone (BrACE) sensor validated results in n=73.Results28 metabolites were identified by GCMS, 35 by LCMS and 4 volatiles by SPME in plasma and urine. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were altered in HFrEF. Plasma acetone correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.59, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7), 2-oxovaleric and cis-aconitic acid, involved with ketone metabolism and mitochondrial energetics. BrACE> 1.5 ppm discriminated HF from other cardiac pathology (AUC 0.8, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92, P < 0.0001).ConclusionBreath acetone discriminated HFrEF from other cardiac pathology using a consumer sensor, but was not cardiac specific.
Cardiovascular Disease in the Peruvian Highlands: Local Perceptions, Barriers, and Paths to Preventing Chronic Diseases in Andean Adults
Authors: Samaniego Giuliana Sanchez , Peña Stella Hartinger , Tallman Paula Skye , Mäusezahl Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesPublic health interventions can be improved by understanding peoples’ explanatory models of disease. We explore awareness and perceptions of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and options for preventive actions in young rural adults highlanders.Methods46 men and women from communities in Cajamarca, Peru were purposively selected to participate in eight focus groups, where participants discussed their understanding and perceived causes of CVD as well as barriers and pathways to healthy lifestyles.ResultsFresh foods, physical activity, unpleasant emotions, and healthcare access were cited as important determinants of healthy lifestyles. Barriers to healthy diets included lacking nutritional knowledge, fluctuating food prices, and limited access to foodstuffs. Women felt particularly vulnerable to CVD and identified gendered barriers to manage stress and engage in leisure sports. Low health literacy, distance and poor doctor-patient relationships prevented participants from fully accessing healthcare.ConclusionsCVD prevention should consider local knowledge of these diseases and of healthy lifestyles and harness ongoing programmes that have successfully promoted good nutrition in children and pregnant women. In concert with public-private parterships, governments should include health prevention for the entire family.
Description and clinical validation of a real-time AI diagnostic companion for fetal ultrasound examination
Authors: Stirnemann Julien J. , Besson Remi , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Rojo Sandra , Loge Frederic , Peyro-Saint-Paul Helene , Allassonniere Stephanie , Le Pennec Erwan , Ville Yves 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe a real-time decision support system (DSS), named SONIO, to assist ultrasound-based prenatal diagnosis and to assess its performance using a clinical database of precisely phenotyped postmortem examinations.Population and MethodsThis DSS is knowledge-based and comprises a dedicated thesaurus of 294 syndromes and diseases. It operates by suggesting, at each step of the ultrasound examination, the best next symptom to check for in order to optimize the diagnostic pathway to the smallest number of possible diagnoses. This assistant was tested on a single-center database of 251 cases of postmortem phenotypes with a definite diagnosis. Adjudication of discordant diagnoses was made by a panel of external experts. The primary outcome was a target concordance rate >90% between the postmortem diagnosis and the top-7 diagnoses given by SONIO when providing the full phenotype as input. Secondary outcomes included concordance for the top-5 and top-3 diagnoses; We also assessed a “1-by-1” model, providing only the anomalies sequentially prompted by the system, mimicking the use of the software in a real-life clinical setting.ResultsThe validation database covered 96 of the 294 (32.65%) syndromes and 79% of their overall prevalence in the SONIO thesaurus. The adjudicators discarded 42/251 cases as they were not amenable to ultrasound based diagnosis. SONIO failed to make the diagnosis on 7/209 cases. On average, each case displayed 6 anomalies, 3 of which were considered atypical for the condition. Using the ‘full-phenotype’ model, the success rate of the top-7 output of Sonio was 96.7% (202/209). This was 91.9% and 87.1% for the top-5 and top-3 outputs respectively. Using the “1-by-1” model, the correct diagnosis was within the top-7, top-5 and top-3 of SONIO’s output in 72.4%, 69.3% and 63.1%.ConclusionSonio is a robust DSS with a success-rate >95% for top-7 ranking diagnoses when the full phenotype is provided, using a large database of noisy real data. The success rate over 70% using the ‘1-by-1’ model was understandably lower, given that SONIO’s sequential queries may not systematically cover the full phenotype.
Internal Neurolysis for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: Systematic Review
Authors: Sabourin Victor , Lavergne Pascal , Mazza Jacob , Head Jeffrey , Al-Saiegh Fadi , Stefanelli Tony , Karsy Michael , Evans James 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionTrigeminal neuralgia remains a challenging disease with significant debilitating symptoms and variable efficacy in terms of treatment options, namely microvascular decompression (MVD), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and percutaneous rhizotomy. Internal neurolysis (IN) is an alternative treatment that may be provide patient benefit but has limited understanding. We performed a systematic review of IN treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.MethodsStudies from 2000 to 2021 that assessed IN in trigeminal neuralgia were aggregated and independently reviewed. Weighted averages for demographics, outcomes and complications were generated.ResultsA total of 520 patients in 12 studies were identified with 384 who underwent IN (mean age 53.8 years, range 46-61.4 years). A mean follow-up time of 36.5 months (range 12-90 months) was seen. Preoperative symptoms were present for about 55.0 months before treatment and pain was predominantly in V2/3 (26.8%) followed by other distributions. An excellent to good outcome (Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Score [BNI-PS] I-III) was seen in 83.7% of patients (range 72-93.8%). Pain outcomes at 1 year were excellent in 58-78.4%, good or better in 77-93.75% and fair or better in 80-93.75% of patients. On average facial numbness following IN was seen in 96% of patients however at follow-up remained in only 1.75-10%. The vast majority of remaining numbness was not significantly distressing to patients. Subgroup comparisons of IN vs. recurrent MVD, IN vs. radiofrequency ablation, the impact of IN during the absence of vascular compression as well as IN with and without MVD were also evaluated.ConclusionsIN represents a promising approach for surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in the absence of vascular compression or in potential cases of recurrence. Complications were limited in general. Further study is required to evaluate the impact of IN via higher quality prospective studies.
‘Resistance is futile’: Weaker selection for resistance during larger epidemics further increases prevalence and depresses host density
Authors: Walsman Jason C. , Duffy Meghan A. , Cáceres Carla E. , Hall Spencer R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhat determines how much resistance hosts evolve? One might intuit that hosts evolve higher resistance when parasites are more abundant. However, the opposite pattern can arise due to costs of resistance. Here we illustrate with mathematical, experimental, and field approaches how ecological context can increase parasite abundance and select for lower resistance. ‘Resistance is futile’ when all host genotypes become sufficiently infected. To make this argument, we first analyzed an eco-evolutionary model of parasites, hosts, and hosts’ resources. We determined eco-evolutionary outcomes for resistance (mathematically, transmission rate) and densities along gradients that drive epidemic size. When epidemic drivers are high, hosts evolve lower resistance, amplifying epidemics and decreasing host density. Experimental mesocosms qualitatively agreed. In the experiment, higher supply of nutrients drove larger epidemics of survival-reducing fungal parasites. Evolving zooplankton hosts were less resistant at high nutrients than at low. Less resistance, in turn, was associated with higher infection prevalence and lower host density. We also analyzed the size of naturally occurring epidemics, finding a broad, bimodal distribution of epidemic sizes consistent with the eco-evolutionary model. Together, our three approaches supported predictions that high epidemic drivers lead to evolution of lower resistance which drives higher prevalence and lower host density.
An efficient protocol for chromosome isolation from sterlet (A. ruthenus) embryos and larvae
Authors: Fopp-Bayat Dorota , Kuciński Marcin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the development of an efficient and feasible protocol for chromosome preparation from sterlet (A. ruthenus) embryos and larvae was carried out. In the established protocol, the mean efficiency of chromosome extraction ranged from 70 to 100%. The average number of recorded metaphases per slide was between 9 to 15. In general, the most satisfactory results were obtained for embryos at 6 dpf and larvae at the age of up to 7 dph. In the 24 dpf group, chromosome isolation was possible without immersion in spindle poison, however; in successive developmental stages, the minimal immersion time exceeded 1.5 hours, regardless of chorionation. Immersion for 14 hours did not compromise the efficacy of chromosome isolation. In the current study, successful chromosome isolation was determined mainly by hypotonization conditions. Younger developmental stages generally require the shortest hypotonization times, whereas older larvae require longer hypotonization times. The optimal hypotonization period is 5-15 minutes for embryos at 24 dpf, 40 minutes for embryos at 4dpf, and 50-60 minutes for fish at 6 dpf-7 dph. The only exception was the 24 hpf group where only blastula cells were used. An additional overnight fixation step significantly enhanced chromosome quality and supported chromosome counting especially in the 24 dpf group. The quality and quantity of chromosome slides were also significantly determined by tissue type, and the slides prepared from heads (gill cells) produced the best results.
Genomic Surveillance of COVID-19 Variants with Language Models and Machine Learning
Authors: Nagpal Sargun , Pal Ridam , Ashima  , Tyagi Ananya , Tripathi Sadhana , Nagori Aditya , Ahmad Saad , Mishra Hara Prasad , Malhotra Rishabh , Kutum Rintu , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe global efforts to control COVID-19 are threatened by the rapid emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants that may display undesirable characteristics such as immune escape, increased transmissibility or pathogenicity. Early prediction for emergence of new strains with these features is critical for pandemic preparedness. We present Strainflow, a supervised and causally predictive model using unsupervised latent space features of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. Strainflow was trained and validated on 0.9 million sequences for the period December, 2019 to June, 2021 and the frozen model was prospectively validated from July, 2021 to December, 2021. Strainflow captured the rise in cases two months ahead of the Delta and Omicron surges in most countries including the prediction of a surge in India as early as beginning of November, 2021. Entropy analysis of Strainflow unsupervised embeddings clearly reveals the explore-exploit cycles in genomic feature-space, thus adding interpretability to the deep learning based model. We also conducted codon-level analysis of our model for interpretability and biological validity of our unsupervised features. Strainflow application is openly available as an interactive web-application for prospective genomic surveillance of COVID-19 across the globe.