bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project Console: a quality improvement initiative for neonatal abstinence syndrome in a children’s hospital level IV neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Ponder Kathryn L , Egesdal Charles , Kuller Joanne , Joe Priscilla 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo improve care for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome.DesignInfants with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks with prenatal opioid exposure were eligible for our quality improvement initiative. Interventions in our Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles included physician consensus, re-emphasis on non-pharmacological treatment, the Eat Sleep Console method to measure functional impairment, morphine as needed, clonidine and alternative soothing methods for parental unavailability (volunteer cuddlers and automated sleeper beds). Pre-intervention and post-intervention outcomes were compared.ResultsLength of stay decreased from 31.8 to 10.5 days (p<0.0001) without an increase in readmissions. Composite pharmacotherapy exposure days decreased from 28.7 to 5.5 (p<0.0001). This included reductions in both morphine exposure days (p<0.0001) and clonidine exposure days (p=0.01). Fewer infants required pharmacotherapy (p=0.02).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates how a comprehensive initiative can improve care for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome in an open-bay or a high-acuity neonatal intensive care unit when rooming-in is not available or other comorbidities are present.
Grass-roots junior doctor communication network in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a service evaluation
Authors: Sivananthan Arun , Machin Matthew , Zijlstra Geiske , Harris Alexander , Radhakrishnan Shiva T , Crook Peter , Phillips Georgina , Denning Max Christopher , Patel Nisha , Russell Georgina , Darzi Ara , Kinross James , Brown Ruth 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 was declared a worldwide pandemic on 11 March 2020. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust provides 1412 inpatient beds staffed by 1200 junior doctors and faced a large burden of COVID-19 admissions.Local problemA survey of doctors revealed only 20% felt confident that they would know to whom they could raise concerns and that most were getting information from a combination of informal work discussions, trust emails, social media and medical literature.MethodsThis quality improvement project was undertaken aligning with Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence 2.0 guidelines. Through an iterative process, a digital network (Imperial Covid cOmmunications Network; ICON) using existing smartphone technologies was developed. Concerns were collated from the junior body and conveyed to the leadership team (vertical—bottom-up using Google Form) and responses were conveyed from leadership to the junior body (vertical—top-down using WhatsApp and Zoom). Quantitative analysis on engagement with the network (members of the group and number of issues raised) and qualitative assessment (thematic analysis on issues) were undertaken.ResultsMembership of the ICON WhatsApp group peaked at 780 on 17 May 2020. 197 concerns were recorded via the Google Form system between 20 March and 14 June 2020. There were five overarching themes: organisational and logistics; clinical strategy concerns; staff safety and well-being; clinical (COVID-19) and patient care; and facilities. 94.4% of members agreed ICON was helpful in receiving updates and 88.9% agreed ICON improved collaboration.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that a coordinated network using existing smartphone technologies and a novel communications structure can improve collaboration between senior leadership and junior doctors. Such a network could play an important role during times of pressure in a healthcare system.
Implementation of an organ space infection prevention bundle reduces the rate of organ space infection after elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Faragher Ian , Tham Nicole , Hong Michael , Guy Stephen , Yeung Justin 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundSurgical site infections (SSIs) are morbid and costly complications after elective colorectal surgery. SSI prevention bundles have been shown to reduce SSI in colorectal surgery, but their impact on organ space infections (OSI) is variable. Adoption of an evidence-based practice without an implementation strategy is often unsuccessful. Our aim was to successfully implement an OSI prevention bundle and to achieve a cost-effective reduction in OSI following elective left-sided colorectal operations.MethodsThe Translating Research into Practice model was used to implement an OSI prevention bundle in all patients undergoing elective left-sided colorectal resections by a single unit from November 2018 to September 2019. The new components included oral antibiotics with mechanical bowel preparation, when required, and use of impermeable surgical gowns. Other standardised components included alcoholic chlorhexidine skin preparation, glove change after bowel handling prior to wound closure with clean instruments. The primary outcome was OSI. Secondary outcomes included bundle compliance, unintended consequences and total patient costs. Outcomes were compared with all patients undergoing elective left-sided colorectal resections at the same institution in 2017.ResultsElective colorectal resections were performed in 173 patients across two cohorts. The compliance rate with bundle items was 63% for all items and 93% for one omitted item. There was a reduction in OSI from 12.9% (11 of 85) to 3.4% (3 of 88, p<0.05) after implementation of the OSI prevention bundle. The average cost of an OSI was $A36 900. The estimated savings for preventing eight OSIs by using the OSI bundle in the second cohort was $A295 198.ConclusionSuccessful implementation of an OSI prevention bundle was associated with a reduced rate of OSI after elective colorectal surgery. The OSI bundle and its implementation were cost-effective. Further study is required to investigate the sustainability of the OSI prevention bundle.
Detecting factorization effect in continuous-time quantum walks
Authors: Zhu Jin-Hui , Lu Li-Hua , Li You-Quan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider an continuous-time quantum walk on triple graphs with a potential well in one of the terminal sites on the main chain and study its dynamical properties in the open system by introducing a ‘spontaneous damping’ process between the terminal site and its nearest neighbour one. Calculating the stable probability of the terminal site and the time evolution of probabilities of the other sites on the main chain, we show that the system can manifest the factorization and coherence protection phenomena when the length and position of the side chain satisfy some concrete conditions. Furthermore we investigate the effect of disorder on the hopping strength and show that the existence of the disorder can destroy the coherence protection phenomena and increase the stable probability of the terminal site on the main chain.
A comprehensive five-year evaluation of IMERG Late Run precipitation estimates over the Netherlands
Authors: Bogerd Linda , Overeem Aart , Leijnse Hidde , Uijlenhoet Remko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApplications like drought monitoring and forecasting can profit from the global and near real-time availability of satellite-based precipitation estimates once their related uncertainties and challenges are identified and treated. To this end, this study evaluates the IMERG V06B Late Run precipitation product from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission (GPM), a multi-satellite product that combines space-based radar, passive microwave (PMW), and infrared (IR) data into gridded precipitation estimates. The evaluation is performed on the spatiotemporal resolution of IMERG (0.1° × 0.1°, 30 min) over the Netherlands over a five-year period. A gauge-adjusted radar precipitation product from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is used as reference, against which IMERG shows a large positive bias. To find the origin of this systematic overestimation, the data is divided into seasons, rainfall intensity ranges, echo top height (ETH) ranges, and categories based on the relative contributions of IR, morphing, and PMW data to the IMERG estimates. Furthermore, the specific radiometer is identified for each PMW-based estimate. IMERG’s detection performance improves with higher ETH and rainfall intensity, but the associated error and relative bias increase as well. Severe overestimation occurs during low-intensity rainfall events and is especially linked to PMW observations. All individual PMW instruments show the same pattern: overestimation of low-intensity events and underestimation of high-intensity events. IMERG misses a large fraction of shallow rainfall events, which is amplified when IR data is included. Space-based retrieval of shallow and low-intensity precipitation events should improve before IMERG can be implemented over the middle and high-latitudes.
Vertical viscosity coefficient increased for high-resolution modeling of the Tsushima/Korea Strait
Authors: HIROSE Naoki , LIU Tianran , TAKAYAMA Katsumi , UEHARA Katsuto , TANEDA Takeshi , KIM Young Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study clarifies the necessity of an extraordinary large coefficient of vertical viscosity for dynamical ocean modeling in a shallow and narrow strait with complex bathymetry. Sensitivity experiments and objective analyses imply that background momentum viscosity is at the order of 100 cm2/s, while tracer diffusivity estimates are on the order of 0.1 cm2/s. The physical interpretation of these estimates is also discussed in the last part of this paper. To obtain reliable solutions, this study introduces cyclic application of the dynamical response to each parameter to minimize the number of long-term sensitivity experiments. The recycling Green’s function method yields weaker bottom friction and enhanced latent heat flux simultaneously with the increased viscosity in high-resolution modeling of the Tsushima/Korea Strait.
The first prevalence study of primary headaches in adults in a post-conflict area of Serbia
Authors: Milošević Nenad , Trajković Jasna Zidverc , Mijajlović Milija , Milošević Jovana , Podgorac Ana , Vitošević Zdravko , Novaković Tatjana , Pekmezović Tatjana 
Published: May 2021

Aim The aim of the present study was to establish annual prevalence of primary headaches, migraine, and tension-type headache among adults in a post-conflict area of Serbia. Methods The data for this cross-sectional study was obtained via face-to-face interviews using questionnaires specifically designed for this purpose, in line with the available guidelines. The study sample included adults aged 18–65 years whose native language is Serbian with residence in six predominantly Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohija. Relevant diagnoses were established according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Results The study included 1062 adults. Analyses indicated 47.7% prevalence of primary headaches. The 1-year prevalence of migraine (with aura and without aura) and tension-type headache was established at 15.2% (3.3% and 11.9%), and 32.2%, respectively. One-year prevalence of chronic headache was calculated at 3.5%, while the prevalence of medication overuse headache was slightly lower at 2.9%. Primary headaches were more prevalent among women, participants residing south of the river Ibar, married or cohabiting individuals, as well as among interviewees (persons) who reported feeling unsafe in Kosovo and Metohija. This is the first study of the prevalence of primary headache disorders in Serbia. The obtained data is comparable to the data available for other countries, especially those in the Balkan region.
Erenumab prevents the occurrence of migraine attacks and not just migraine days: Post-hoc analyses of a phase III study
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Ashina Messoud , Ritter Shannon , Paiva Da Silva Lima Gabriel , Rasmussen Soeren , Zielman Ronald , Tfelt-Hansen Peer 
Published: May 2021

Background This post-hoc analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of erenumab on monthly migraine days, monthly migraine attacks, and attack duration in patients with episodic migraine to investigate whether erenumab actually prevents the occurrence of migraine attacks and/or shortens them. Methods We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the data from the STRIVE study, in 955 patients with episodic migraine. Relative changes from baseline to mean over months 4, 5 and 6 of the double-blind treatment phase in monthly migraine days, monthly migraine attacks and mean migraine attack duration were assessed. Results Erenumab reduced monthly migraine days and monthly migraine attacks compared with placebo in a similar way. Erenumab had only a minor impact on shortening the duration of migraine attacks. Conclusion These post-hoc analyses demonstrate that the decrease in monthly migraine days by erenumab is mainly driven by a reduction in the frequency of monthly migraine attacks and to a much lesser extent by shortening the duration of migraine attacks. Trial registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02456740)
Results of first stage brachiobasilic and brachiobrachial fistula creation: Implications for staged versus single procedure decision making
Authors: Ottinger Mary , Picone Desiree , Hseih Katrina , Wooster Mathew , London Mark J , Ross John R , Illig Karl A 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Transposed brachiobasilic AV fistulas (BVT) have increasingly been performed in two stages. Published reports give conflicting results, perhaps in part as many reports of staged procedures eliminate those patients who “fail” the first stage (i.e. are lost to follow-up in addition to anatomic failure). Methods: A prospectively maintained database was reviewed to identify all patients at two institutions who underwent the first stage of planned two-stage BVT by the senior author. Success in this context was defined as patients who eventually underwent second stage fistula creation, leaving the operating room after the second stage with a patent, transposed fistula. Results: From October 2012 to June 2020, 218 patients underwent first-stage procedures. At the first visit, 185 (85%) of fistulas were patent, 23 (11%) were occluded, 8 (4%) of patients were lost to follow-up, and 2 (1%) died. In the interval before the second operation, another eight (4%) patients were lost to follow-up, two were cancelled for medical reasons, and two declined surgery, leaving a total of 173 patients who made it to the second stage (80%). At operation, four patients were found to have unusable veins, leaving a total of 169 patients who completed both stages. If all patients who underwent first stage are included, 77% of patients entering this pathway left the OR after their second stage with patent access. If those lost to follow-up are excluded, this number increases to 84%, while if all those lost to follow-up are assumed to mature, success increases to 85%. Conclusions: Depending on results in patients lost to follow-up, between 77% and 85% of patients undergoing first stage brachiobasilic fistulae undergo successful second stage transposition. These numbers are equivalent or slightly lower than published maturation rates for single-stage BVT, so there is little margin for failure at the second stage.
Effets d’un programme de développement des compétences psychosociales en milieu scolaire : Le PROgramme de Développement Affectif et Social (PRODAS) : Revue de la littérature
Authors: Tardy Aurélie , Roth Brimbelle , Daguzan Alexandre , Sambuc Roland , Lagouanelle-Simeoni Marie-Claude 
Published: May 2021

Objectif : Le Programme de Développement Affectif et Social (PRODAS) est un programme de développement des compétences psychosociales des enfants ou adolescents mis en œuvre depuis 2005 en milieu scolaire par une association française (le Planning familial). L’objectif de cet article était de synthétiser les connaissances sur les effets de ce programme, afin de contribuer à l’étude de sa transférabilité. Méthodes : La revue de littérature réalisée a porté sur des études datant de 1970 à 2017. Ont été interrogées les bases de données : ScienceDirect, PsycNET, ERIC, PsycINFO, erudit, ISIDOR, Cochrane. Les mots clés utilisés étaient « Human Development Program » ou « PRODAS ». Résultats : Une amélioration, le plus souvent significative, des compétences émotionnelles et sociales des enfants et des adolescents était rapportée. Une relation de type dose-effet était également suggérée par certains résultats. Peu de données étaient disponibles chez les jeunes enfants (école maternelle) et aucune étude n’explorait les effets du programme à long terme. Conclusion : Cette synthèse a permis de mettre en lumière les principaux effets du PRODAS. Toutefois, considérant que ce programme est un des seuls à s’adresser aux enfants dès 4 ans en France, de futures études portant sur des enfants d’écoles maternelles, avec un suivi à long terme, seraient utiles pour compléter les données sur l’efficacité d’un tel programme.
Developing and Validating a Tool to Assess Young Children’s Early Literacy Engagement
Authors: Scull Janet , Page Jane , Cock Megan L , Nguyen Cuc , Murray Lisa , Eadie Patricia , Sparling Joseph 
Published: May 2021

There is growing recognition that literacy learning takes place in the years prior to formal schooling and that young children develop literacy-like behaviours through exposure to interactions in shared contexts in which literacy is a component. Despite this, there are few assessments that measure the very early literacy skills that children develop before 36 months of age. This article reports on the design and validation of a new instrument – the Early Literacy Engagement Assessment (ELEA). This tool was developed to provide insights into the impact of Conversational Reading, a key pedagogical strategy implemented at Families as First Teachers playgroups, on young children’s early receptive and expressive vocabulary and literacy skills. The instrument was trialled with 104 children living in locations across Melbourne, Victoria, and 39 Aboriginal children living in remote communities in the Northern Territory. The trial process was undertaken in two phases: (1) a technical assessment to test item consistency, characteristics and placement and (2) concurrent validity testing against items from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-2 tool. The findings from the trial and validation process indicate that overall the ELEA discriminates well between children of high and low ability, and it is a useful tool in the authentic assessment of expressive and receptive vocabulary skills in young children.
In-Hospital Stroke Care: A Six-Year Community-Based Primary Stroke Center Experience
Authors: Chukwudelunzu Felix Ejike , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Fugoso Leonardo , Amadi Emeka , Dexter Donn , Gullicksrud Angela , Hagen Clinton 
Published: May 2021

Background and purpose: In-hospital stroke-onset assessment and management present numerous challenges, especially in community hospitals. Comprehensive analysis of key stroke care metrics in community-based primary stroke centers is under-studied. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for patients admitted to a community hospital for non-cerebrovascular indications and for whom a stroke alert was activated between 2013 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, radiologic and laboratory information were collected for each incident stroke. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed. When applicable, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests were used to compare median values and categorical data between pre-specified groups. Statistical significance was set at alpha = 0.05. Results: There were 192 patients with in-hospital stroke-alert activation; mean age (SD) was 71.0 years (15.0), 49.5% female. 51.6% (99/192) had in-hospital ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The most frequent mechanism of stroke was cardioembolism. Upon stroke activation, 45.8% had ischemic stroke while 40.1% had stroke mimics. Stroke team response time from activation was 26 minutes for all in-hospital activations. Intravenous thrombolysis was utilized in 8% of those with ischemic stroke; 3.4% were transferred for consideration of endovascular thrombectomy. In-hospital mortality was 17.7%, and the proportion of patients discharged to home was 34.4% for all activations. Conclusion: The in-hospital stroke mortality was high, and the proportions of patients who either received or were considered for acute intervention were low. Quality improvement targeting increased use of acute stroke intervention in eligible patients and reducing hospital mortality in this patient cohort is needed.
Obstructive uropathy secondary to nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma relapse: report of two cases
Authors: González-Nava Rosa Irene , Ñamendys-Silva Silvio A , Córdova-Sánchez Bertha M 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T- cell represents only 0.3% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in North America and has a higher relative frequency in Southeast Asia and South America. NK/T- cell, nasal type lymphoma usually appears in the nasal cavity, but can also affect soft tissues, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and testes. Besides, most relapses are locoregional. Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to obstructive uropathy, as the initial presentation of relapsing NK/T- cell, nasal type lymphoma, has not been previously described. Case description: We present two cases of Mexican women with AKI due to obstructive uropathy caused by a relapsing NK/T-cell, nasal type lymphoma. Conclusions: In a patient with a history of NK/T- cell, nasal type lymphoma, presenting with AKI, we should rule out obstructive uropathy caused by a relapsing lymphoma. Relapse should be suspected even in the absence of oliguria and transvaginal bleeding.
Neutrophil extracellular traps and inflammasomes cooperatively promote venous thrombosis in mice
Authors: Campos Joana , Ponomaryov Tatyana , De Prendergast Alexandra , Whitworth Katharine , Smith Christopher W. , Khan Abdullah O. , Kavanagh Dean , Brill Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is linked to local inflammation. A role for both neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the assembly of inflammasomes (leading to caspase-1–dependent interleukin-1β activation) in the development of DVT was recently suggested. However, no link between these 2 processes in the setting of thrombosis has been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of neutrophils induced simultaneous formation of NETs and active caspase-1. Caspase-1 was largely associated with NETs, suggesting that secreted active caspase-1 requires NETs as an adhesive surface. NETs and their components, histones, promoted robust caspase-1 activation in platelets with the strongest effect exerted by histones 3/4. Murine DVT thrombi contained active caspase-1, which peaked at 6 hours when compared with 48-hour thrombi. Platelets constituted more than one-half of cells containing active caspase-1 in dissociated thrombi. Using intravital microscopy, we identified colocalized NETs and caspase-1 as well as platelet recruitment at the site of thrombosis. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1 strongly reduced DVT in mice, and thrombi that still formed contained no citrullinated histone 3, a marker of NETs. Taken together, these data demonstrate a cross-talk between NETs and inflammasomes both in vitro and in the DVT setting. This may be an important mechanism supporting thrombosis in veins.