bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially Toxic Elements in Invasive Fish Species Prussian Carp (Carassius Gibelio) from Different Freshwater Ecosystems and Human Exposure Assessment
Authors: Milošković Aleksandra , Piperac Milica Stojković , Kojadinović Nataša , Radenković Milena , Đuretanović Simona , Čerba Dubravka , Milošević Đurađ , Simić Vladica 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, and Zn were detected in the muscle and gills of Prussian carp from three different freshwater ecosystems: isolated ponds and the South Morava River in Serbia, and Kopačko Lake in complex wetland ecosystem of the Kopački Rit Nature Reserve in Croatia. The main goals of the paper were to assess the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the muscle and gills of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), to examine whether abiotic factors from three different freshwater ecosystems affect the accumulation of PTEs in fish tissues and to estimate the human health risk resulting from fish consumption. There were only six concentrations of PTEs in the gill tissue (Cr, Hg, Mn, Pb, Sn, and Zn) that were not significantly different among the different freshwater ecosystems. In the muscles, the differences were much less visible. Kopačko Lake distinguished with the highest values of metal pollution index (MPI) for muscles (0.24) and isolated ponds with the highest values of MPI for gills (0.8). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that concentrations of Al, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe in the gill tissue were significantly correlated with the environmental variables. In contrast, the RDA based on element concentrations in the fish muscles indicated no significant relationship with the environment. Isolated ponds, with no inflow of freshwater, stand out as the most polluted, followed by Kopačko Lake with occasional floods. Flowing freshwater ecosystem South Morava River can be single out as at least polluted with PTEs. The target hazard quotients (THQ) and hazard index (HI) suggested there were no significant noncarcinogenic health risks. The target carcinogenic risk factor (TR) for As and Pb confirmed there were no cancer risks related to human fish consumption. Since the elevated concentrations of toxic Cd and As in Prussian carp were estimated, an early warning should be assumed, especially for fishing activities in these areas.
Shedding Light on the Optical and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Super-Alkali Doped Borophene
Authors: Hussnain Muhammad , Shehzad Rao Aqil , Muhammad Shabbir , iqbal javed , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Alarfaji Saleh S. , Ayub Khurshid , Yaseen Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present investigation highlights the 2-dimentional design of several interesting super alkali doped borophene derivatives for efficient nonlinear optical (NLO). Borophene (B36) and super alkali units (Li3O) whose combining effects and resulting NLO responses have been evaluated by orienting super-alkali clusters at various sites such as a hub, rim, and bridged around the B36 molecule. The charge analysis is characterized by frontier and natural bond orbital analysis, narrowed HOMO-LUMO band gap, better intramolecular charge transfers. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces demonstrate enhanced optoelectronic features of these complexes that are viable owing to Li3O adsorption. Singly doped and doubly doped complexes have been considered and their NLO properties have been calculated. Band gap energy reduces about three times when doped with two Li3O. A considerably high figure of merit, first hyperpolarizability (bo) values up to five digits 10611 a. u. for complex A proved that these systems can be utilized as promising candidates in various NLO applications.
Decreasing Richness And Biomass During A Flood Pulse Observed In A Southeastern US Coastal Floodplain Following A Multi-Year, Supra-Seasonal Drought
Authors: Johnson Erica L. , Abernethy Erin F. , Colón-Gaud J. Checo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Floodplains of the southeastern United States exhibit high biological productivity, maintained by periodic floodplain inundation as a result of seasonal flooding. To examine the relationship between biological productivity and seasonal flooding following periods of drought, we quantified aquatic macroinvertebrate communities monthly in an inundated floodplain during the annual flood pulse (December-April) in two years, one following a multi-year drought and one following a larger than average flooding event. We predicted that floodplain communities would differ in richness, biomass, and community composition between years and that differences would be driven by discharge at the main stem and organic matter availability. We collected macroinvertebrates from the floodplain of the Altamaha River, an unimpounded 6th order river in the Coastal Plain region of the southeastern US that experiences floodplain connectivity. With invertebrates identified to genus, we elucidated richness, abundance, biomass, community composition, and functional feeding group. Richness was generally higher in the drought year but decreased throughout the flood pulse, while during the flood year richness was lower and increased. Biomass decreased throughout the flood pulse following the drought year and increased during the flood year. There was a high degree of overlap in invertebrate community composition based on abundance data during both years of the study with collector gatherers being the most highly abundant functional feeding group. As climate change impacts (i.e., severe droughts) become more common, it is critical to investigate how aquatic communities are responding to increasingly unpredictable flow conditions in unimpounded and seemingly unaltered rivers.
NOTCH Target Gene HES5 Distinct Anti-Tumorigenic Roles in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Farmad Mahnaz Ghorbani , Chamanian Sogand , Alimardani Maliheh , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Forghanifard Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
I. Background:Gastric cancer (GC) is ranked the third greatest cause of mortality globally and the second common cancer in Iran. To date, many pathways including HES family have been found to be linked to cellular proliferation, differentiation and cancer. HES5, a transcription factor that binds to DNA, is known as a downstream protein in Notch pathway. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between HES5 expression and GC.II. Methods and Results:In this study,75 gastric cancer patients were included. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression rate of HES5 was evaluated by quantitative Real-time PCR. Also, presence of H. Pylori infection was verified using specific primers set for H. pylori, and PCR on extracted DNA. The results showed a remarkable decrease in HES level in malignant tissues when compared to the neighboring non-cancerous tissues (Normal) (P< 0.0001). Moreover, an inverse relation between down regulation of HES 5 gene and H.Pylori infection was identified. In conclusionIII. Conclusions: These findings emphasize that HES5 may notably suppress the tumor development.
A Constellation of Eye-Tracking Measures Reveals Social Attention Differences in ASD and the Broad Autism Phenotype
Authors: Nayar Kritika , Shic Frederick , Winston Molly , Losh Molly 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Social attention differences, expressed through gaze patterns, have been documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with subtle differences also reported among first-degree relatives, suggesting a shared genetic link. Findings have mostly been derived from standard eye-tracking methods (total fixation count or total fixation duration). Given the dynamics of visual attention, these standard methods may obscure subtle, yet core, differences in visual attention mechanisms, particularly those presenting sub-clinically. This study applied a constellation of eye-tracking analyses to gaze data from individuals with ASD and their parents. Methods: This study included n=156 participants across groups, including ASD (n=24) and control (n=32) groups, and parents of individuals with ASD (n=61) and control parents (n=39). A complex scene with social/non-social elements was displayed and gaze tracked via an eye tracker. Eleven analytic methods from the following categories were analyzed: 1) standard variables, 2) temporal dynamics (e.g., gaze over time), 3) fixation patterns (e.g., perseverative or regressive fixations), 4) first fixations, and 5) distribution patterns. MANOVAs, growth curve analyses, and Chi-squared tests were applied to examine group differences. Finally, group differences were examined on factor scores derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) that reduced variables to distinct dimensions.Results: No group differences emerged among standard, first fixation, and distribution pattern variables. Both the ASD and ASD parent groups demonstrated reduced social attention over time and atypical perseverative fixations. Lower social attention factor scores derived from PCA strongly differentiated the ASD and ASD parent groups from controls, with parent findings driven by the subset of parents demonstrating the broad autism phenotype.Limitations: To generalize these findings, larger sample sizes, extended viewing contexts (e.g., dynamic stimuli), and even more eye-tracking analytical methods are needed. Conclusions: Fixations over time and perseverative fixations differentiated ASD and the ASD parent groups from controls, with the PCA most robustly capturing social attention differences. Findings highlight their methodological utility in studies of the (broad) autism spectrum to capture nuanced visual attention differences that may relate to clinical symptoms in ASD, and reflect genetic liability in clinically unaffected relatives. This proof-of-concept study may inform future studies using eye tracking across populations where social attention is impacted.
Does Proximal Hip Geometry Affect Fracture Type in The Elderly Population?
Authors: Sayit Emrah , Guzel Nizametin , Sayit Asli Tanrivermis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to determine the differences in proximal femoral geometric (PFG) parameters between patients with femoral neck fractures(FNFs) and patients with intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs).
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 114 patients (33 FNFs, 81 ITFs.) who were hospitalized secondary to hip fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with FNFs and patients with ITFs. The PFG parameters (the neck shaft angle, center-edge angle, femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, neck/head ratio, femoral neck axial length, femoral shaft diameter, hip axial length, and neck/hip length ratio) were measured on the hip joint radiographs.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender between the FNF and ITF groups. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the PFG parameters between the FNF and ITF groups except in the neck/hip length ratio (NHLR) (0.86 ± 0.03 vs 0.84 ± 0.03, p = 0.05). When a 3-way multivariate analysis was performed according to gender, fracture type, and fracture site, the femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, femoral neck axial length, femoral shaft diameter, hip axial length, and NHLR were found to be greater in females than in males, and a statistically significant relationship was found between gender and these variables.
Conclusion
Only the NHLR was significantly higher in the ITF group, so this study revealed that a higher NHLR, which is the presence of a longer hip axis combined with a shorter neck axis, is a risk factor for ITF after a minor trauma.
Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Suicidal Behaviors in South Korea: A Systematic Review On The Current State of Evidence
Authors: Raschke Nicolas , Mohsenpour Amir , Aschentrup Leona , Fischer Florian , Wrona Kamil J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The economic and human costs of suicide to individuals, families, communities, and society make suicide a major public health problem around the world. Suicide rates in South Korea are among the highest in the world. This paper is the first systematic review investigating socioeconomic risk factors for suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, attempted suicides, and completed suicides) in South Korea.
Methods
We performed a systematic review in Medline and Web of Science. Empirical studies and peer-reviewed articles on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal behaviors have been included. A total of 53 studies were included in a descriptive synthesis.
Results
Overall, 35 studies focused on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal ideation, 16 were related to suicide attempts, while 10 addressed completed suicides. Low income, unemployment, and financial difficulties were identified as risk factors for all suicidal behaviors. Working in precarious conditions, long working hours, self-employment, changes in employment status, shift work/night-time work, and occupational stress were associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation. Low educational attainment appears to increase the risk for suicide attempts and completed suicide, but the significance of educational attainment on the reporting of suicidal ideation could not be verified. The primary studies were unable to ascertain whether the place of residence impacts on suicidal behaviors.
Conclusions
The results highlight the relevance of socioeconomic factors for suicidal behaviors in South Korea. Governmental social spending must be increased and redirected more efficiently so that the economically most vulnerable groups are financially protected and income inequality does not widen. Furthermore, comprehensive prevention strategies at the community level are needed. Future research needs to focus on identifying vulnerable groups for whom the effects of low socioeconomic status may have particularly serious consequences with regard to suicidal behaviors.
Prostate or Prostate Fossa Radiotherapy with or Without Dose-Escalated or Conventionally Dosed Pelvic Nodal Radiotherapy: Quality of Life Outcomes and Dosimetric Analysis
Authors: Jensen Garrett L , Jhavar Sameer , Ha Chul , Hammonds Kendall , Swanson Gregory 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

We measure the impact of pelvic lymph node radiotherapy (PLNRT) of two doses using conventional fractionation on long term quality of life (QOL) in prostate cancer.
Methods

Prostate cancer patients recorded baseline scores using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), prior to definitive or post-prostatectomy radiotherapy. If ENI was given, it was to 45 or 54 Gy. New scores were recorded 20–36 months after radiotherapy. Absolute change in each domain subscale and summary score was recorded as well as if this change met criteria for minimally important difference (MID), with separate multivariate analysis (MVA) for both measures. Subsequent dosimetric analysis was performed.
Results

Frequency of a MID decline was significantly greater in patients treated with ENI to 54 Gy for urinary function, incontinence, and overall. No urinary decline was correlated with PLNRT to 45 Gy. PLNRT to 54 Gy was significant for decline in urinary function, bother, irritative, incontinence, and overall score in one or both MVA models while 45 Gy was not. Postoperative status was significant for decline in urinary function, incontinence, and overall. Amongst postoperative patients, there was significantly greater decline in urinary function score in the salvage setting. Neither 54 nor 45 Gy significantly affected bowel subscale or overall score decline.
Conclusions

Using conventional fractionation, adding PLNRT to 54 Gy, but not 45 Gy, correlates with worse urinary QOL, with postoperative patients experiencing a steeper decline. PLNRT had no significant impact on bowel QOL with either dose.
Identifying Genes Associated with Abiotic Stress Tolerance Suitable for CRISPR/Cas9 Editing in Upland Rice Cultivars Adapted to Acid Soils
Authors: Barrero Luz Stella , Willmann Matthew , Craft Eric , Manna-Akther Kazi , Harrington Sandra E. , Garzon-Martinez Gina A. , Glahn Raymond , Piñeros Miguel , Mccouch Susan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Five genes of large phenotypic effect known to confer abiotic stress tolerance in rice were selected to characterize allelic variation in commercial Colombian tropical japonica upland rice cultivars adapted to drought-prone acid soil environments (cv. Llanura11 and Porvenir12). Allelic variants of the genes ART1, DRO1, SUB1A, PSTOL1, and SPDT were characterized by PCR and/or Sanger sequencing in the two upland cultivars and compared with the Nipponbare and other reference genomes. Two genes were identified as possible targets for genome editing: SUB1A, Submergence 1A, to improve tolerance to flooding, and SPDT (SULTR3;4), SULTR-like Phosphorus Distribution Transporter, to improve phosphorus utilization efficiency and grain quality. Based on technical and regulatory considerations, SPDT was targeted for editing. The two upland cultivars were shown to carry the SPDT wild-type (non-desirable) allele based on sequencing, RNA expression, and phenotypic evaluations under hydroponic and greenhouse conditions. A gene deletion was designed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and specialized reagents and protocols were developed for SPDT editing, including vectors targeting the gene, protoplast transfection transient assays, and plant regeneration and transformation protocols by Agrobacterium and ribonucleoprotein complexes. The desired edits were confirmed in protoplasts and serve as the basis for ongoing plant transformation experiments aiming to improve the P-use efficiency of upland rice grown in acidic soils.
PVD Coatings Influence (TiCN, BCN and CrAlN) on the Fatigue Life Behavior of AISI 1045 Steel for Automotive Applications
Authors: Correa Juan Francisco , Caicedo Julio César , Aguilar Yesid Castro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This current work evaluated the influence of Titanium Carbo-nitride (TiCN), Chromium Aluminum Nitride (CrAlN) and Boron Carbo-nitride (BCN) coatings deposited on AISI 1045 steel and its behavior in fatigue life. Suitable deposition parameters were established for the coatings to show high hardness onto the substrate, appropriate deposition time for polycrystalline growth and desired stoichiometry, as well as a stable layer thickness of ~ 3 µm. The physical and chemical properties of the coatings obtained were established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and nanoindentation; the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the analysis of the fracture surfaces of the samples subjected to fatigue. The analysis of the fatigue behavior of the uncoated and coated substrates were performed under rotary bending conditions applying maximum alternating stresses in the interval of 55–70% of the ultimate strength value, i.e. from 479 to 610 MPa, respectively; the test was performed at room temperature. The study of the results established that the fatigue resistance properties increased for the three types of coated samples, TiCN, BCN and CrAlN, with values of 9.6%, 4.2% and 3.9%, respectively, calculated for 1x106 cycles. The highest value in fatigue life improvement corresponded to the TiCN coating, followed by BCN. This can be associated to the increase hardness present in the TiCN layer; this improved the mechanical properties of the coating. The examination of the fracture surfaces carried out in the tested samples (coated and uncoated), clearly demonstrate that the cracks produced by fatigue started in the surface of the coating and later propagated to the substrate. The mechanicals and fatigue results found in these ternary coatings deposited on AISI 1045 steel open a possibility of future applications in mechanical devices e.g. automotive applications that require high fatigue demands in service conditions.
Development and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Contextual Factors Influencing Self-Care Decisions Among Adults with Chronic Illness
Authors: Page Shayleigh Dickson , Lee Christopher , Aryal Subhash , Freedland Kenneth , Stromberg Anna , Vellone Ercole , Westland Heleen , Wiebe Douglas J , Jaarsma Tiny , Riegel Barbara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Adults with chronic illness frequently experience bothersome symptoms (e.g., pain). Decisions about how to manage these symptoms are complex and influenced by factors related to the patient, their illness, and their environment. The naturalistic decision-making framework describes decision-making when conditions are dynamically evolving, and the decision maker is uncertain because the situation is ambiguous and missing information. The contextual factors influencing decisions include time stress, the perception of high stakes, and input from other individuals, which may facilitate or complicate the decision about the self-care of symptoms. There is no valid instrument to measure these contextual factors. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a self-report instrument measuring the contextual factors that influence self-care decisions about symptoms. Methods: Items were drafted from the literature and refined with patient input. Content validity of the instrument was evaluated using a Delphi survey of expert clinicians and researchers, and cognitive interviews with adults with chronic illness. Psychometric testing included exploratory factor analysis to test dimensionality, item response theory-based approaches for item recalibration, confirmatory factor analysis to generate factor determinacy scores, and evaluation of construct validity. Results: The content validity of the Self-Care Decisions Scale is excellent with all items achieving a content validity index of greater than 0.78 in the Delphi survey of experts (n=12). Adults with chronic illness (n=5) endorsed the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the instrument during cognitive interviews. Initial psychometric testing (n=431) revealed a 6-factor multidimensional structure that was further refined for precision, and high multidimensional reliability. In construct validity testing, there were modest associations with some scales of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire and the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory. Conclusion: The Self-Care Decisions Scale is a 27-item self-report instrument that measures the extent to which contextual factors influence decisions about symptoms of chronic illness with six scales reflecting naturalistic decision making (external, urgency, uncertainty, cognitive/affective, waiting/cue competition, and concealment). The scale can support research that aims to better understand how adults with chronic illness make decisions in response to symptoms. Additional testing of the instrument is needed to evaluate clinical utility.