bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Prasarana Lingkungan Kampung Negeri Olok Gading Lampung
Authors: Munawaroh Ai Siti , Hidayatullah Arif 
Published: May 2021

Tingginya angka pertumbuhan penduduk dan urbanisasi menjadikan persaingan tempat tinggal semakin marak. Permukiman kampung kota kian banyak dan memungkinkan untuk terciptanya suatu permukiman tidak layak huni. Baiknya sistem prasarana utilitas pada suatu permukiman dapat menjadikan permukiman tersebut menjadi sehat, layak untuk di huni dan memberikan kenyamanan pada masyarakat yang tinggal pada permukiman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prasarana utilitas yang ada pada lingkungan permukiman Kampung Negeri Olok Gading dan mengetahui masalah yang timbul pada prasarana utilitas di lingkungan permukiman Kampung Negeri Olok Gading. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian yaitu studi literatur dan studi kasus. Studi literature dilakukan dengan menguraikan teori tentang permukiman sungai dan Kampung Kota, Teori tentang Prasarana utilitas di lingkungan permukiman, Standar Prasarana utilitas permukiman (SNI) dan Peraturan dari Dirjen Cipta Karya (PU). Studi Kasus pada permukiman Kampung Negeri Olok Gading. Data terdiri dari dua, yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Data primer yaitu wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan kuisioner. Sedangkan data sekunder didapat dari Instansi terkait (BPS, BAPPEDA, profil Kelurahan). Kedua data tersebut menguraikan tentang kondisi fisik dan non fisik. Kondisi fisik terdiri dari jaringan jalan, jaringan drainase, jaringan air bersih, jaringan air limbah, jaringan persampahan, jaringan listrik , jaringan telepon dan jaringan kebakaran. Sedangkan untuk data non fisik terdiri dari kondisi social dan ekonomi masyarakat pada kampung tersebut. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan data yang diperoleh dengan SNI dan literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa prasarana lingkungan Kampung Negeri Olok Gading dalam kategori baik. Masalah-masalah yang sering timbul pada prasarana utilitas di lingkungan permukiman seperti jaringan jalan, jaringan drainase, jaringan air bersih , jaringan air kotor dan jaringan persampahan.
The Tactical Urbanism in Indonesian City Spaces during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kurniawati Wakhidah 
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the world order in all aspects of life. City space that was considered successful if it can accommodate residents' crowded activities has become deserted because of the lockdown and health protocols implementation. The meaning of urbanism is challenged because new interaction is put in place. Urban space activity adapts to new patterns and creates modified spaces. Tactical urbanism is one of the flexible design responses in the urban area to support the long-term goal of improving urban space quality. Tactical urbanism is currently being applied in several cities around the world in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Urban space in Indonesia also applies tactical urbanism with Indonesian characteristics. This study aims to examine the implementation of tactical urbanism in Indonesian urban spaces. The method used is reviewing data from online publications published between March 2020 - March 2021 regarding tactical urbanism in urban spaces in Indonesia. The city space chosen is located in the urban kampung, traditional market, and a downtown public space. The result shows two patterns of tactical urbanism in urban areas in Indonesia during the pandemic era, namely reactive and momentary response in urban kampong and traditional market, and unified response with city planning in bike lanes program.
Violência doméstica no campo: inexistente ou invisível?
Authors: Gehlen Maria Eloá , Cherfem Carolina Orquiza 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo indaga sobre a inexistência ou a invisibilidade da violência contra a mulher do campo, tendo como locus de pesquisa o município de Laranjeiras do Sul (PR). A metodologia utilizada se pauta em revisão bibliográfica e documental, além da vivência no Conselho Municipal dos Direitos da Mulher. Os resultados apontam para a invisibilidade da violência doméstica no campo, seja pela falta de informação, seja pelo patriarcado presente nas relações sociais, ou pelas dificuldades que as camponesas encontram para realizarem uma denúncia. Concluímos que se trata de uma violência silenciada, muitas vezes em número maior que na área urbana, considerando-se a proporção de habitantes.
THE METHOD DENIES THE SHUBHAH OF THE SUNNAH DENIERS
Authors: Arifin Syamsul 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini adalah kajian pustaka (library research) atas term shubhah dalam ilmu hadis yang dikaji dengan metode kualitatif, dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik anaslis isi (content analysis) yaitu dengan membuat kesimpulan tentang term shubhah, faktorfaktor penyebab kemunculan, dan cara mengatasinya dengan kaidahkaidah yang disusun untuk mencegah dan mematahkan argumen para pengingkar sunnah, dari premis-premis mayor menjadi premispremis-minor secara objektif dan sistematis dengan mengidentifikasi karekteristik spesifikasinya dari pesan-pesan yang termuat dalam karya-karya ulama hadis terutama yang mengkaji term shubhah.
Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa shubhah sangat berdampak buruk sekali terhadap eksistensi dan otentisitas hadis dan sulit diketahui. Subhah merupakan pedoman bagi orang yang tidak mengetahui kebenaran. Atau Berpura-pura tidak mengetahui kebenaran dengan menggunakannya sebagai alat untuk memuluskan perkara yang tidak benar, termasuk menghilangkan eksistensi dan otentisitas hadis. Faktor-faktor yang melatar belakangi munculnya shubhah sekalipun banyak macamnya namun secara garis besar tidakterlepas dari 5 (lima) hal pokok yaitu; a) memusuhi Islam dan sunnah, b) Bid’ah dan kepentingan pribadi, c) Perbedaan budaya dan kondisi sosial, d) Taqlid buta, e) kebodohan.
Sedangkan metode yang digunakan untuk menghadapi shubhah ada dua langkah yang dapat diambil pertama langkah pencegahan yaitu; a) Mengokohkan hati dalam memasrahkan diri kepada Allah dan rasul-Nya, b) dan Tidak mendekati hal-hal yang berbau shubhah. Kedua langkah untuk menghancurkan shubhah yaitu; a) Melakukan penelitian secara menyeluruh, b) Memetakan sumber dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya, c) Mengkompromikan antar nass yang berkontradiksi secara tekstual, d) Mematahkan pernyataan dan argumen kelompok pembuat shubhah. e) Memotong sumber dan penyebab shubhah. Karena sifat shubhah ini sangat abstrak maka kajian terhadap shubhah ini perlu dikembangkan, agar hadis benarbenar terjaga eksistensi dan otentisitasnya.
IMPLEMENTASI WAZIFAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN SIKAP SPIRITUAL SANTRI
Authors: Abdulloh Mochamad 
Published: May 2021

Dalam kurikulum pendidikan nasional tahun 2013 disebutkan bahwa kompetensi inti peserta didik salah satunya adalah “sikap spiritual”. Akulturasi spiritualitas Islam dalam bentuk sikap merupakan bahasan yang mendalam oleh para ahli tasawuf. Bahasan tersebut menyangkut maqamat (tingkat pendakian rohani) dan al-ahwal (keadaan batin). Pembentukan sikap spiritual peserta didik bagi sebuah lembaga pendidikan merupakan sebuah tantangan tersendiri dengan belum adanya konsep yang tepat dari pemerintah selaku policy maker kurikulum pendidikan nasional. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah penelitian yang berusaha mengkaji teori dan praktek pembentukan sikap spiritual guna mencari konsep yang tepat dalam pembentukan sikap spiritual peserta didik pada umumnya dan santri pada khususnya. Obyek penelitian ini adalah Pondok Pesantren Assalafi Al Fithrah (PAF) Surabaya yang memiliki program “wazifah”, suatu istilah untuk amaliah siang dan malam hari serta kegiatan-kegiatan lain diluar program pembelajaran kelas yang telah ditetapkan oleh KH. Achmad Asrori al-Ishaqy yang harus diikuti oleh semua santri untuk dijalankan secara istikamah. Dari data penilitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep wazifah PAF merupakan konsep yang holistik. Semua pelaksanaan wazifah oleh santri PAF akan bermuara pada satu titik, yakni “sidq al-tawajjuh” yang ini merupakan roh dari tasawuf dan tarekat. Wazifah yang dijalankan oleh santri PAF adalah juga suatu metode untuk menghasilkan yakin dalam diri yang ini merupakan penghantar untuk melanjutkan perjalanan spiritual dalam pendakian maqamat dalam dunia tasawuf-tarekat. Implementasi wazifah PAF merupakan implementasi konsep maqamat KH. Achmad Asrori al-Ishaqy. Dengan pelaksanaan wazifah secara istikamah santri akan terlatih spiritualitasnya, hingga sikap spiritual dapat terbentuk.
Variations in surface roughness of heterogeneous surfaces in the Nagqu area of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Maoshan , Liu Xiaoran , Shu Lei , Yin Shucheng , Wang Lingzhi , Fu Wei , Ma Yaoming , Yang Yaoxian , Sun Fanglin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Temporal and spatial variations of the surface aerodynamic roughness lengths (Z0 m) in the Nagqu area of the northern Tibetan
Plateau were analysed in 2008, 2010 and 2012 using MODIS satellite data and in situ atmospheric turbulence observations. Surface aerodynamic roughness lengths were calculated from turbulent observations by a single-height ultrasonic anemometer and retrieved by the Massman model. The results showed that Z0 m has an apparent characteristic of seasonal variation. From February to August, Z0 m increased with snow ablation and vegetation growth, and the maximum value reached 4–5 cm at the BJ site. From September to February, Z0 m gradually decreased and reached its minimum values of about 1–2 cm. Snowfall in abnormal years was the main reason for the significantly
lower Z0 m compared with that in normal conditions. The underlying surface can be divided into four categories according to the different values of Z0 m: snow and ice, sparse grassland, lush grassland and town. Among them, lush grassland and sparse grassland accounted for 62.49 % and 33.74 %, and they have an annual variation of Z0 m between 1–4 and 2–6 cm, respectively. The two methods were positively correlated, and the retrieved values were lower than the measured results due to the heterogeneity of the underlying surface. These results are substituted into the Noah-MP (multi-parameterisation) model to replace the original parameter design numerical simulation experiment. After replacing the model surface roughness, the sensible heat flux and latent heat flux were simulated with a better diurnal dynamics.
Sistem Kendali Lampu Defect Dan Reject Berbasis Web Server Menggunakan Raspberrry Pi 3 Model B
Authors: Endang Supriyadi  , Maya Sofiana  , Surya Dwipangga  
Published: May 2021

Abstract— This research covers the design and construction of a Web-based Defect & Reject Light Control Intelligent System with Raspberry Pi with the aim of detecting the quality conditions of manufactured goods at the final inspection section of PT. Suryaraya Rubberindo Industries. This system requires several components such as a Raspberry Pi 3 Microcontroller, Relays, mini filament LED lamps and several other supporting components. The design and construction of a Web-Based Defect & Reject Light Control Intelligent System with the Raspberry Pi comes from experimental results, besides that it is also supported by several literary documents found in journals and reference books. This Intelligent Web-Based Defect & Reject Light Control System with the Raspberry Pi uses a website design as an input to turn off or turn on a lamp. Two mini filament lamps are used as output components that are made like Signal lamps. Based on the results of the experiments conducted, the Web-Based Defect & Reject Light Control Intelligent System with the Raspberry Pi can work quite well. When this system detects the condition of the production goods in a state that does not meet the specified company standards but has a low level of seriousness (defect), the system will give a signal for a yellow light with a value of 1, whereas if the level of seriousness is high (reject) then the control system will give a signal to turn on the red light the value of the number 1 stored in the database
Intisari— Penelitian ini meliputi racang dan bangun Sistem Cerdas Kendali Lampu Defect & Reject Berbasis Web denganRaspberry Pi dengan tujuan untuk mendeteksi kondisi kualitas barang produksi pada bagian final Inspection di PT. SuryarayaRubberindo Industries. Sistem ini memerlukan beberapa komponen seperti Mikrokontroller Raspberry Pi 3, Relay,Lampu berjenis LED filamen mini dan beberapa komponen pendukung lainnya. Rancang Rangun Sistem Cerdas KendaliLampu Defect & Reject Berbasis Web dengan Raspberry Pi tersebut berasal dari hasil percobaan, selain itu didukung pulaoleh beberapa literatur dokumen yang terdapat pada jurnal dan buku referensi. Sistem Cerdas Kendali Lampu Defect & RejectBerbasis Web dengan Raspberry Pi ini menggunakan rancangan website sebagai input untuk mematikan atau menyalakan sebuah lampu. Dua buah lampu filamen mini digunakan sebagai komponen output yang dibuat seperti lampu Signal.Berdasarkan hasil percobaan yang dilakukan, Sistem Cerdas ini dapat bekerja dengan cukup baik. Ketika sistem ini mendeteksikondisi barang produksi dalam keadaan tidak memenuhi standard perusahaan yang telah ditentukan akan tetapi memilikitingkat keseriusan rendah (defect) maka sistem akan memberikan sinyal untuk lampu kuning bernilai angka 1 sedangkan jika tingkat keseriusan tinggi (reject) maka sistem kendali akan memberikan sinyal untuk menyalakan lampu merah bernilai angka 1 yang tersimpan pada database.
Long-Term Bias and Director Primacy
Authors: Bainbridge Stephen M. 
Published: May 2021

In an important recent contribution to the short-termism debate, Professors Michal Barzuza and Eric Talley challenge what they call an “emerging consensus in certain legal, business, and scholarly communities . . . that corporate managers are pressured unduly into chasing short-term gains at the expense of superior long-term prospects.” See Michal Barzuza & Eric Talley, Long-Term Bias, 2020 COLUM. BUS. L. REV. 104. Instead, Barzuza and Talley contend that “corporate managers often fall prey to long-term bias—excessive optimism about their own long-term projects.”
This article is an invited comment on Barzuza and Talley’s article. Subject to various quibbles raised herein, I broadly concur with Barzuza and Talley’s argument that corporate directors and officers can be biased towards long-term projects and, accordingly, may reject short-term projects offering higher returns.
But what law reforms follow logically from their conclusion, if any? With respect to judicial review, I want to differ with Barzuza and Talley on three points. First, I believe Barzuza and Talley overstate the risk of judicial intervention. Second, they fail adequately to distinguish between directors and managers, even though that distinction is central to the application of Delaware law. Third, I believe their analysis implies that judges should retain the deference to director decisionmaking inherent in doctrines such as the business judgment rule and intermediate review.

With respect to encouraging shareholder activism, I argue that the responsibility for policing managerial hyperopia (or myopia, for that matter) should be assigned to the board of directors, not the shareholders. Heterogenous shareholders lack the proper incentives and knowledge to properly police management.
Language, education, and power in refugee camps: A comparison of Kakuma Refugee Camp (Kenya) and Thai-Myanmar refugee camps
Authors: Le Hang M. 
Published: May 2021

While there is growing attention to language as a central issue in education for refugees, this policy area still appears to be dominated by an apolitical, technical, and instrumentalist perspective. Through a comparison of language-in-education policies in two refugee camp contexts, Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya and the refugee camps along the Thai-Myanmar border, this paper demonstrates how language policies are always deeply political in nature. In refugee contexts in particular, language policies in education reflect and reproduce existing power dynamics that can exclude refugees from decisionmaking processes about their own future. In Kakuma, language issues in education are decided by the international humanitarianism regime based on efficiency and costeffectiveness over the linguistic rights of the refugee community. Even when refugees are in control in the Thai-Myanmar refugee camps, decisions over the language of instruction are still political choices that serve to exclude many people.
Qualitative data collection tools: Design, development, and applications by Felice D. Billups
Authors: Fornaro Christopher J. , Sterin Kimberly , Struloeff Katrina Lynn 
Published: May 2021

Book Review Qualitative data collection tools: Design, development, and applications by Felice D. Billups
SAGE Publications, 2020, 240 pp. $30.00 (paper)
ISBN-10: 1544334826
Law’s Disaster: Heritage at Risk
Authors: Bronin Sara 
Published: May 2021

Large-scale meteorological and geological events—including hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes, floods, blizzards, wildfires, earthquakes, extreme heat, and drought—have many consequences: loss of life, economic catastrophe, and destruction of homes among them. Perhaps less well-known are the threats to the historic and cultural sites that speak to human identity and create a sense of connection across generations. These sites are designated spaces of value, given their historical or cultural significance, and they are preserved to commemorate important moments in the story of the lived human experience. Yet hurricanes can destroy old buildings, especially ones that have not been structurally reinforced. Extreme heat and intense precipitation can reduce the lifespan of historic material through weakened joints, eroded paint and other surface protections, and mold. Climate change has made many of these large-scale events more frequent and more intense. Further, the physical vulnerability of these places is deeply tied to social vulnerability of the populations they serve.
Given the climate’s increasing risks to historic sites, one might assume that disaster-related planning, mitigation, and recovery efforts are being undertaken with increased urgency. Unfortunately, this is not the case.
This Article argues that historic places desperately need the protection of legal reforms at the intersection of disaster law and historic preservation law before they succumb to flame, water, wind, or the earth itself. It starts by explaining what is at stake: archaeological sites, vulnerable buildings, and even national landmarks like Mesa Verde and the Statue of Liberty. It then establishes the three stages where disaster-related legal protection of historic resources is needed: before, during, and after disaster. The Article next critiques the multi-governmental, federalist framework for heritage-related disaster law, and highlights two states and four local governments starting to make necessary reforms. While no physical or legal intervention will ever make historic sites last forever, we should change laws and policies to ensure these sites are more resilient in the face of obvious threats.
Mentoring, Institutional Barriers, Structures of Justice: A Dialogue Across Positions of Privilege and Power
Authors: Dell'Antonio Andrew , Ovalle Matthew 
Published: May 2021

This colloquy, by graduate-student-led collective Project Spectrum, attempts to map out existing discussions around inclusion and equity in music academia, with a specific focus on identifying and analyzing the structures in academia that work against minoritized and historically excluded scholars.
Matthew Ovalle and Andrew Dell’Antonio contribute a joint-paper outlining the alternative pathways that give people the chance to make their own way through the music academia pipeline. Using personal anecdotes from their positions as teachers, mentors, and the mentored, they offer a representation of academia as one of care, empathy, and optimism.
My Intersecting Quests as a Disabled Independent Scholar
Authors: Babyak Tekla 
Published: May 2021

This colloquy, by graduate-student-led collective Project Spectrum, attempts to map out existing discussions around inclusion and equity in music academia, with a specific focus on identifying and analyzing the structures in academia that work against minoritized and historically excluded scholars.
Tekla Babyak asks us to re-imagine what is on the other side of the pipeline. In her colloquy contribution, she shares her advocacy experience in fighting for both independent scholars’ and disabled scholars’ seat at the proverbial table. She imagines an academic discipline that would readily accept, acknowledge, and uplift independent scholars—instead of considering them half- or failed scholars for their lack of institutional affiliation. And she imagines an academic discipline that would readily include disabled scholars, not for their exceptionality in achieving scholarship, but for their ability to contribute to a more diverse and inclusive intellectual milieu. She critiques the ableism endemic to the academic pipeline, an ableism that veils the physical and also emotional, mental, and spiritual obstructions in our discipline’s path to so-called success.
The Myths of Textualism and Their Relevance To the ALI’s Restatement of the Law, Copyright
Authors: Newman Jon O. 
Published: May 2021

In 2015, Justice Elena Kagan famously proclaimed, “We’re all textualists now.” To which I ask, “When were we not?”
Justice Kagan not only used the word “now,” but also provided her evidence that being a textualist is of recent vintage. She asserted that when she was at the Harvard Law School in 1983, the inquiry concerning a statute was “what should this statute be,” rather than what do “the words on the paper say.” And she attributed this inquiry to a “policy-oriented” approach with judges “pretending to be congressmen.”
With respect, I cannot credit this evidence. I started my law school years thirty years earlier at Yale Law School, which reveled in its reputation for being concerned with “policy,” yet I never once heard a professor suggest that the text of a statute should be ignored in favor of a “policy” interpretation. “Policy” was thought relevant when a statutory provision was unclear, or, in nonstatutory cases, when existing case law provided no clear answer. Of course, even in a statutory case, the policy to be implemented was the policy preferred by Congress, not by judges.
I take on the task of refuting Justice Kagan because I believe the “now” in her statement is only one of many myths about textualism, myths often perpetuated by some judges, legal scholars, and politicians, especially when they disagree with a court’s decision. Refuting these myths is particularly relevant to the current controversy within the American Law Institute concerning the effort to craft a Restatement of the Law, Copyright.