bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Student-Led Health Education for Sixth Graders on Chicago’s South Side
Authors: Singer Randi , Crooks Natasha , Gelbort Jules , Neely Jennifer , Lenon Pia 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Partnerships between schools of nursing and grade schools providing health education to youth are shown to be advantageous. Using Community Based Service Learning for nursing students at a middle school in Chicago, IL, we were able to improve health education for adolescents in an underserved area. Objective This project aimed to improve and standardize existing health education efforts for sixth graders (n = 30) at a middle school by developing an evidence-based health education curriculum with nursing students. Methods This was a descriptive study with a pretest and posttest evaluation addressing the physical, emotional, and sexual health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of participating sixth graders. Results Findings suggest service-learning partnerships may benefit middle schoolers and nursing students. Conclusion Implementing a culturally relevant health curriculum using a service-learning framework increased sexual, physical, and emotional health knowledge in Latinx sixth graders and enhanced nursing student learning in a way not possible through classroom and clinical practicum experiences alone.
COL4A3 is degraded in allergic asthma and degradation predicts response to anti-IgE therapy
Authors: Weckmann Markus , Bahmer Thomas , Sand Jannie Marie , Rank Rønnow Sarah , Pech Martin , Vermeulen Cornelis , Faiz Alen , Leeming Diana Julie , Karsdal Morten Asser , Lunding Lars , Oliver Brian George G. , Wegmann Michael , Ulrich-Merzenich Gudrun , Juergens Uwe R. , Duhn Jannis , Laumonnier Yves , Danov Olga , Sewald Katherina , Zissler Ulrich , Jonker Marnix , König Inke , Hansen Gesine , von Mutius Erika , Fuchs Oliver , Dittrich Anna-Maria , Schaub Bianca , Happle Christine , Rabe Klaus F. , van de Berge Maarten , Burgess Janette Kay , Kopp Matthias Volkmar 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAsthma is a heterogeneous syndrome substantiating the urgent requirement for endotype-specific biomarkers. Dysbalance of fibrosis and fibrolysis in asthmatic lung tissue leads to reduced levels of the inflammation-protective collagen 4 (COL4A3).ObjectiveTo delineate the degradation of COL4A3 in allergic airway inflammation and evaluate the resultant product as a biomarker for anti-IgE therapy response.MethodsThe serological COL4A3 degradation marker C4Ma3 (Nordic Bioscience, Denmark) and serum cytokines were measured in the ALLIANCE cohort (paediatric cases/controls: n=134/n=35; adult cases/controls: n=149/n=31). Exacerbation of allergic airway disease in mice was induced by sensitising to ovalbumin (OVA), challenge with OVA aerosol and instillation of poly(cytidylic-inosinic). Fulacimstat (chymase inhibitor; Bayer) was used to determine the role of mast cell chymase in COL4A3 degradation. Patients with cystic fibrosis (n=14) and cystic fibrosis with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA; n=9) as well as patients with severe allergic uncontrolled asthma (n=19) were tested for COL4A3 degradation. Omalizumab (anti-IgE) treatment was assessed using the Asthma Control Test.ResultsSerum levels of C4Ma3 were increased in asthma in adults and children alike and linked to a more severe, exacerbating allergic asthma phenotype. In an experimental asthma mouse model, C4Ma3 was dependent on mast cell chymase. Serum C4Ma3 was significantly elevated in cystic fibrosis plus ABPA and at baseline predicted the success of the anti-IgE therapy in allergic, uncontrolled asthmatics (diagnostic OR 31.5).ConclusionC4Ma3 levels depend on lung mast cell chymase and are increased in a severe, exacerbating allergic asthma phenotype. C4Ma3 may serve as a novel biomarker to predict anti-IgE therapy response.
Sputum procalcitonin: a potential biomarker in stable bronchiectasis
Authors: Good William , Jeon Gene , Zeng Irene , Storey Louanne , Qiao Helen , Jones Stuart , Mooney Sarah , Jayaram Lata , Holland David , Wong Conroy 
Published: July 2021

Sputum procalcitonin is elevated in exacerbations of bronchiectasis. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether sputum procalcitonin levels are higher in patients with stable bronchiectasis than in healthy controls. We also assessed differences in procalcitonin levels in spontaneously expectorated and induced sputum samples and their repeatability 1 week later.Participants included were aged over 18 years and either had radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis or were healthy controls. Patients with bronchiectasis were clinically stable for at least 6 weeks and had spontaneous and induced sputum collected at visit 1 and again 7 days later. Only induced sputum samples were collected from healthy controls during visit 1. Sputum procalcitonin concentrations in sputum were measured.In total, 30 patients with bronchiectasis and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this observational study. In the pooled data from visit 1 and 2, the geometric mean procalcitonin level in induced sputum was significantly higher in the bronchiectasis group than in the healthy control group (1.5 ng·mL−1, 95% CI 1.0–2.1 ng·mL−1versus0.4 ng·mL−1, 95% CI 0.2–0.9 ng·mL−1; mean ratio 3.6, 95% CI 1.5–8.6; p=0.006). Mean procalcitonin level was higher in spontaneous sputum than in induced sputum at visit 1 (1.8 ng·mL−1, 95% CI 1.2–2.7 ng·mL−1versus1.1 ng·mL−1, 95% CI 0.7–1.8 ng·mL−1) and visit 2 (1.5 ng·mL−1, 95% CI 1.0–2.5 ng·mL−1versus1.2 ng·mL−1, 95% CI 0.8–1.6 ng·mL−1; p=0.001). Repeating spontaneous and induced sputum procalcitonin levels 1 week later produced similar concentrations (p=0.29, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.76 and p=0.72, ICC=0.70, respectively).Sputum procalcitonin is increased in patients with stable bronchiectasis and has potential as a biomarker of airway inflammation and infection in bronchiectasis.
Xenon ventilation MRI in difficult asthma: initial experience in a clinical setting
Authors: Mussell Grace T. , Marshall Helen , Smith Laurie J. , Biancardi Alberto M. , Hughes Paul J.C. , Capener David J. , Bray Jody , Swift Andrew J. , Rajaram Smitha , Condliffe Alison M. , Collier Guilhem J. , Johns Chris S. , Weatherley Nick D. , Wild Jim M. , Sabroe Ian 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHyperpolarised gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to assess ventilation patterns. Previous studies have shown the image-derived metric of ventilation defect per cent (VDP) to correlate with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1in asthma.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the utility of hyperpolarised xenon-129 (129Xe) ventilation MRI in clinical care and examine its relationship with spirometry and other clinical metrics in people seen in a severe asthma service.Methods26 people referred from a severe asthma clinic for MRI scanning were assessed by contemporaneous129Xe MRI and spirometry. A subgroup of 18 patients also underwent reversibility testing with spirometry and MRI. Quantitative MRI measures of ventilation were calculated, VDP and the ventilation heterogeneity index (VHI), and compared to spirometry, Asthma Control Questionnaire 7 (ACQ7) and blood eosinophil count. Images were reviewed by a multidisciplinary team.ResultsVDP and VHIcorrelated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC but not with ACQ7 or blood eosinophil count. Discordance of MRI imaging and symptoms and/or pulmonary function tests also occurred, prompting diagnostic re-evaluation in some cases.ConclusionHyperpolarised gas MRI provides a complementary method of assessment in people with difficult to manage asthma in a clinical setting. When used as a tool supporting clinical care in a severe asthma service, occurrences of discordance between symptoms, spirometry and MRI scanning indicate how MRI scanning may add to a management pathway.
Activation of microglial GLP-1R in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis suppresses central sensitization of chronic migraine after recurrent nitroglycerin stimulation
Authors: Jing Feng , Zou Qian , Wang Yangyang , Cai Zhiyou , Tang Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Central sensitization is considered a critical pathogenic mechanism of chronic migraine (CM). Activation of microglia in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) contributes to this progression. Microglial glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation can alleviate pain; however, whether it is involved in the mechanism of CM has not been determined. Thus, this study aims to investigate the precise role of GLP-1R in the central sensitization of CM.

Methods
Repeated nitroglycerin injection-treated mice were used as a CM animal model in the experiment. To identify the distribution and cell localization of GLP-1R in the TNC, we performed immunofluorescence staining. Changes in the expression of GLP-1R, Iba-1, PI3K and p-Akt in the TNC were examined by western blotting. To confirm the effect of GLP-1R and PI3K/Akt in CM, a GLP-1R selective agonist (liraglutide) and antagonist (exendin(9–39)) and a PI3K selective antagonist (LY294002) were administered. Mechanical hypersensitivity was measured through von Frey filaments. To investigate the role of GLP-1R in central sensitization, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and c-fos were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. To determine the changes in microglial activation, IL-1β and TNF-α were examined by western blotting, and the number and morphology of microglia were measured by immunofluorescence. We also confirmed the effect of GLP-1R on microglial activation in lipopolysaccharide-treated BV-2 microglia.

Results
The protein expression of GLP-1R was increased in the TNC after nitroglycerin injection. GLP-1R was colocalized with microglia and astrocytes in the TNC and was fully expressed in BV-2 microglia. The GLP-1R agonist liraglutide alleviated basal allodynia and suppressed the upregulation of CGRP, c-fos and PI3K/p-Akt in the TNC. Similarly, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 prevented nitroglycerin-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, activating GLP-1R reduced Iba-1, IL-1β and TNF-α release and inhibited TNC microglial number and morphological changes (process retraction) following nitroglycerin administration. In vitro, the protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglia were also decreased by liraglutide.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that microglial GLP-1R activation in the TNC may suppress the central sensitization of CM by regulating TNC microglial activation via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Hereditary angioedema
Authors: Lesser Helen , Cohn Jason E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 14-year-old African American female presented to the emergency department with spontaneous, sudden-onset lip swelling for 1 h. On examination, there was significant water-bag edema of the upper lip extending to the philtrum and premaxilla. Nasopharyngeal laryngoscopy revealed a patent airway without edema. She was initiated on intravenous dexamethasone, famotidine, and diphenhydramine, after which her edema improved but did not resolve. She was subsequently transferred to a local pediatric hospital and upon further testing she was found to have a C1 esterase inhibitor de novo gene mutation. Angioedema causes localized, non-pitting edema of the dermis, subcutaneous and submucosal tissue, and often manifests in the lips, face, mouth, and throat. Signs of laryngeal involvement include change in voice, stridor, dysphagia, and dyspnea. When laryngeal edema is present, it may necessitate definitive airway management and patients should be monitored in the intensive care unit.
Taxallnomy: an extension of NCBI Taxonomy that produces a hierarchically complete taxonomic tree
Authors: Sakamoto Tetsu , Ortega J. Miguel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
NCBI Taxonomy is the main taxonomic source for several bioinformatics tools and databases since all organisms with sequence accessions deposited on INSDC are organized in its hierarchical structure. Despite the extensive use and application of this data source, an alternative representation of data as a table would facilitate the use of information for processing bioinformatics data. To do so, since some taxonomic-ranks are missing in some lineages, an algorithm might propose provisional names for all taxonomic-ranks.

Results
To address this issue, we developed an algorithm that takes the tree structure from NCBI Taxonomy and generates a hierarchically complete taxonomic table, maintaining its compatibility with the original tree. The procedures performed by the algorithm consist of attempting to assign a taxonomic-rank to an existing clade or “no rank” node when possible, using its name as part of the created taxonomic-rank name (e.g. Ord_Ornithischia) or interpolating parent nodes when needed (e.g. Cla_of_Ornithischia), both examples given for the dinosaur Brachylophosaurus lineage. The new hierarchical structure was named Taxallnomy because it contains names for all taxonomic-ranks, and it contains 41 hierarchical levels corresponding to the 41 taxonomic-ranks currently found in the NCBI Taxonomy database. From Taxallnomy, users can obtain the complete taxonomic lineage with 41 nodes of all taxa available in the NCBI Taxonomy database, without any hazard to the original tree information. In this work, we demonstrate its applicability by embedding taxonomic information of a specified rank into a phylogenetic tree and by producing metagenomics profiles.

Conclusion
Taxallnomy applies to any bioinformatics analyses that depend on the information from NCBI Taxonomy. Taxallnomy is updated periodically but with a distributed PERL script users can generate it locally using NCBI Taxonomy as input. All Taxallnomy resources are available at http://bioinfo.icb.ufmg.br/taxallnomy.
Evolution of hes gene family in vertebrates: the hes5 cluster genes have specifically increased in frogs
Authors: Kuretani Aya , Yamamoto Takayoshi , Taira Masanori , Michiue Tatsuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
hes genes are chordate homologs of Drosophila genes, hairy and enhancer of split, which encode a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor with a WRPW motif. Various developmental functions of hes genes, including early embryogenesis and neurogenesis, have been elucidated in vertebrates. However, their orthologous relationships remain unclear partly because of less conservation of relatively short amino acid sequences, the fact that the genome was not analyzed as it is today, and species-specific genome duplication. This results in complicated gene names in vertebrates, which are not consistent in orthologs. We previously revealed that Xenopus frogs have two clusters of hes5, named “the hes5.1 cluster” and “the hes5.3 cluster”, but the origin and the conservation have not yet been revealed.

Results
Here, we elucidated the orthologous and paralogous relationships of all hes genes of human, mouse, chicken, gecko, zebrafish, medaka, coelacanth, spotted gar, elephant shark and three species of frogs, Xenopus tropicalis (X. tropicalis), X. laevis, Nanorana parkeri, by phylogenetic and synteny analyses. Any duplicated hes5 were not found in mammals, whereas hes5 clusters in teleost were conserved although not as many genes as the three frog species. In addition, hes5 cluster-like structure was found in the elephant shark genome, but not found in cyclostomata.

Conclusion
These data suggest that the hes5 cluster existed in the gnathostome ancestor but became a single gene in mammals. The number of hes5 cluster genes were specifically large in frogs.
Comparative transcriptome profiling of heat stress response of the mangrove crab Scylla serrata across sites of varying climate profiles
Authors: Shrestha Anish M.S. , I. Lilagan Crissa Ann , B. Guiao Joyce Emlyn , R. Romana-Eguia Maria Rowena , Ablan Lagman Ma. Carmen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe fishery and aquaculture of the widely distributed mangrove crabScylla serratais a steadily growing, high-value, global industry. Climate change poses a risk to this industry as temperature elevations are expected to threaten the mangrove crab habitat and the supply of mangrove crab juveniles from the wild. It is therefore important to understand the genomic and molecular basis of how mangrove crab populations from sites with different climate profiles respond to heat stress. Towards this, we performed RNA-seq on the gill tissue ofS. serrataindividuals sampled from 3 sites (Cagayan, Bicol, and Bataan) in the Philippines, under normal and heat-stressed conditions. To compare the transcriptome expression profiles, we designed a 2-factor generalized linear model containing interaction terms, which allowed us to simultaneously analyze within-site response to heat-stress and across-site differences in the response.ResultsWe present the first ever transcriptome assembly ofS. serrataobtained from a data set containing 66 Gbases of cleaned RNA-seq reads. With lowly-expressed and short contigs excluded, the assembly contains roughly 17,000 genes with an N50 length of 2,366 bp. Our assembly contains many almost full-length transcripts – 5229 shrimp and 3049 fruit fly proteins have alignments that cover >80% of their sequence lengths to a contig. Differential expression analysis found population-specific differences in heat-stress response. Within-site analysis of heat-stress response showed 177, 755, and 221 differentially expressed (DE) genes in the Cagayan, Bataan, and Bicol group, respectively. Across-site analysis showed that between Cagayan and Bataan, there were 389 genes associated with 48 signaling and stress-response pathways, for which there was an effect of site in the response to heat; and between Cagayan and Bicol, there were 101 such genes affecting 8 pathways.ConclusionIn light of previous work on climate profiling and on population genetics of marine species in the Philippines, our findings suggest that the variation in thermal response among populations might be derived from acclimatory plasticity due to pre-exposure to extreme temperature variations or from population structure shaped by connectivity which leads to adaptive genetic differences among populations.
Transcriptomic analysis to reveal the differentially expressed miRNA targets and their miRNAs in response to Ralstonia solanacearum in ginger species
Authors: Snigdha Mohandas , Prasath Duraisamy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Bacterial wilt is the most devastating disease in ginger caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Even though ginger (Zingiber officinale) and mango ginger (Curcuma amada) are from the same family Zingiberaceae, the latter is resistant to R. solanacearum infection. MicroRNAs have been identified in many crops which regulates plant-pathogen interaction, either through silencing genes or by blocking mRNA translation. However, miRNA’s vital role and its targets in mango ginger in protecting bacterial wilt is not yet studied extensively. In the present study, using the “psRNATarget” server, we analyzed available ginger (susceptible) and mango ginger (resistant) transcriptome to delineate and compare the microRNAs (miRNA) and their target genes (miRTGs).

Results
A total of 4736 and 4485 differential expressed miRTGs (DEmiRTGs) were identified in ginger and mango ginger, respectively, in response to R. solanacearum. Functional annotation results showed that mango ginger had higher enrichment than ginger in top enriched GO terms. Among the DEmiRTGs, 2105 were common in ginger and mango ginger. However, 2337 miRTGs were expressed only in mango ginger which includes 62 defence related and upregulated miRTGs. We also identified 213 miRTGs upregulated in mango ginger but downregulated in ginger, out of which 23 DEmiRTGS were defence response related. We selected nine miRNA/miRTGs pairs from the data set of common miRTGs of ginger and mango ginger and validated using qPCR.

Conclusions
Our data covered the expression information of 9221 miRTGs. We identified nine miRNA/miRTGs key candidate pairs in response to R. solanacearum infection in ginger. This is the first report of the integrated analysis of miRTGs and miRNAs in response to R. solanacearum infection among ginger species. This study is expected to deliver several insights in understanding the miRNA regulatory network in ginger and mango ginger response to bacterial wilt.
Vedolizumab combined with surgical resection successfully treated perforating Crohn’s disease with peritoneal space to rectal and vaginal fistulas: a case report
Authors: Chung Meng-Wu , Chen Chien-Ming , Hsu Jun-Te , Wu Ren-Chin , Chiu Cheng-Tang , Kuo Chia-Jung , Su Ming-Yao , Le Puo-Hsien 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Intestinal perforations and fistulas are common complications of Crohn’s disease. However, chronic perforation with peritoneal space to rectal and vaginal fistulas have not been previously reported.

Case presentation
A 38-year-old female suffered from progressive lower abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. Terminal ileal chronic perforation with intra-abdominal abscess, peritoneal space to rectal and vaginal fistulas were noted. The patient received surgical resection of the cecum and terminal ileum, and then vedolizumab treatment. Three months later, she had complete fistula closure, and her body mass index had increased from 13 to 22.

Conclusion
Vedolizumab combined with stool diversion is effective at treating Crohn’s disease with chronic perforation and complex peritoneal space to rectal and vaginal fistulas.
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of human adenovirus and classic human astrovirus in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai, 2017–2018
Authors: Lu Lijuan , Zhong Huaqing , Xu Menghua , Su Liyun , Cao Lingfeng , Jia Ran , Xu Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In addition to rotavirus and norovirus, human adenovirus (HAdV) and classic human astrovirus (classic HAstV) are important pathogens of acute diarrhea in infants and young children. Here, we present the molecular epidemiology of HAdV and classic HAstV in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai.

Methods
Fecal specimens were collected from 804 outpatient infants and young children diagnosed with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from January 2017 to December 2018. All of the samples were screened for the presence of HAdV and classic HAstV. HAdV and classic HAstV were detected using traditional PCR and reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. All of the HAdV and classic HAstV positive samples were genotyped by phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Among the 804 fecal samples, 8.58% (69/804) of samples were infected with either HAdV or classic HAstV, and five were co-infected with two diarrhea viruses. The overall detection rates of HAdV and classic HAstV were 3.47% (28/804) and 5.22% (42/804), respectively. Four subgroups (A, B, C, and F) and seven genotypes (HAdV-C1, −C2, −B3, −C5, −A31, −F40, and -F41) of HAdV were detected. Subgroup F had the highest constituent ratio at 64.29% (18/28), followed by non-enteric HAdV of subgroup C (21.43%, 6/28) and subgroup B 10.71% (3/28). HAdV-F41 (60.71%, 17/28) was the dominant genotype, followed by HAdV-C2 (14.29%, 4/28) and HAdV-B3 (10.71%, 3/28). Two genotypes of classic HAstV (HAstV-1 and HAstV-5) were identified in 42 samples during the study period; HAstV-1 (95.24%, 40/42) was the predominant genotype, and the other two strains were genotyped as HAstV-5. No significant differences were found between boys and girls in the detection rates of HAdV (P = 0.604) and classic HAstV (P = 0.275). Over half of the HAdV infections (82.14%, 23/28) and classic HAstV infections (66.67%, 28/42) occurred in children less than 36 months. Seasonal preferences of HAdV and classic HAstV infections were summer and winter, respectively. In this study, the common clinical symptoms of children with acute diarrhea were diarrhea, vomiting, fever and abdominal pain.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that HAdV and classic HAstV play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea in children in Shanghai. Systematic and long-term surveillance of HAdV and classic HAstV are needed to monitor their prevalence in children and prevent major outbreak.