bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid, fatty acid, carnitine- and choline derivative profiles in rheumatoid arthritis outpatients with different degrees of periodontal inflammation
Authors: Beyer Kathrin , Lie Stein Atle , Bjørndal Bodil , Berge Rolf K. , Svardal Asbjørn , Brun Johan G. , Bolstad Anne Isine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with several pathogenic pathways in common. Evidence supports an association between the diseases, but the exact underlying mechanisms behind the connection are still under investigation. Lipid, fatty acid (FA) and metabolic profile alterations have been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, including RA and periodontitis. Mitochondria have a central role in regulating cellular bioenergetic and whole-body metabolic homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a possible link between the two disorders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore whole-blood FA, serum lipid composition, and carnitine- and choline derivatives in 78 RA outpatients with different degrees of periodontal inflammation. The main findings were alterations in lipid, FA, and carnitine- and choline derivative profiles. More specifically, higher total FA and total cholesterol concentrations were found in active RA. Elevated phospholipid concentrations with concomitant lower choline, elevated medium-chain acylcarnitines (MC-AC), and decreased ratios of MC-AC and long-chain (LC)-AC were associated with prednisolone medication. This may indicate an altered mitochondrial function in relation to the increased inflammatory status in RA disease. Our findings may support the need for interdisciplinary collaboration within the field of medicine and dentistry in patient stratification to improve personalized treatment. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to further assess the potential impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on RA and periodontitis.
Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
Authors: Watanabe Noriaki , Abe Hikaru , Okamoto Atsushi , Nakamura Kengo , Komai Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuperhot geothermal environments in granitic crusts of approximately 400–500 °C are a frontier of geothermal energy. In the development of such environments, there is a concern of a reduction of permeability of fractured granite due to the formation of fine particles of amorphous silica induced by the phase change from subcritical water to supercritical water or superheated steam. However, the formation of silica particles and a resultant reduction in permeability have not been demonstrated to date. Therefore, experiments were conducted on the formation of amorphous silica particles with various combinations of temperature (430–500 °C) and pressure (20–30 MPa), in which the phase change of Si-containing water from liquid to either supercritical fluid or vapor was induced. Amorphous silica nanoparticles occurred under all conditions with smaller particles for higher temperature. The permeability of fractured granite was also observed to decrease significantly within several hours during injection of the particles into rock at 450 °C and 30 MPa under a confining stress of 40 MPa, with slower permeability reduction at a smaller number of particles or in the presence of larger aperture fractures. The present study suggests that the nanoparticles are likely to form and destroy the permeability in superhot geothermal environments, against which countermeasures should be investigated.
Tailings facility disclosures reveal stability risks
Authors: Franks Daniel M. , Stringer Martin , Torres-Cruz Luis A. , Baker Elaine , Valenta Rick , Thygesen Kristina , Matthews Adam , Howchin John , Barrie Stephen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTailings facility failures represent a significant risk to the environment and communities globally, but until now little data was available on the global distribution of risks and characteristics of facilities to ensure proper governance. We conducted a survey and compiled a database with information on tailings facilities disclosed by extractive companies at the request of institutional investors. Despite limitations in the data, this information disclosure request represents the most comprehensive survey of tailings facilities ever undertaken. The compiled dataset includes 1743 tailings facilities and provides insights into a range of topics including construction method, stability, consequence of failure, stored volume, and the rate of uptake of alternative technologies to dewater tailings and reduce geotechnical risk. Our analysis reveals that 10 per cent of tailings facilities reported notable stability concerns or failure to be confirmed or certified as stable at some point in their history, with distinct trends according to construction method, governance, age, height, volume and seismic hazard. Controversy has surrounded the safety of tailings facilities, most notably upstream facilities, for many years but in the absence of definitive empirical data differentiating the risks of different facility types, upstream facilities have continued to be used widely by the industry and a consensus has emerged that upstream facilities can theoretically be built safely under the right circumstances. Our findings reveal that in practice active upstream facilities report a higher incidence of stability issues (18.3%) than other facility types, and that this elevated risk persists even when these facilities are built in high governance settings. In-pit/natural landform and dry-stack facilities report lower incidence of stability issues, though the rate of stability issues is significant by engineering standards (> 2 per cent) across all construction methods, highlighting the universal importance of careful facility management and governance. The insights reported here can assist the global governance of tailings facility stability risks.
Growing scale-free simplices
Authors: Kovalenko Kiriil , Sendiña-Nadal Irene , Khalil Nagi , Dainiak Alex , Musatov Daniil , Raigorodskii Andrei M. , Alfaro-Bittner Karin , Barzel Baruch , Boccaletti Stefano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe past two decades have seen significant successes in our understanding of networked systems, from the mapping of real-world networks to the establishment of generative models recovering their observed macroscopic patterns. These advances, however, are restricted to pairwise interactions and provide limited insight into higher-order structures. Such multi-component interactions can only be grasped through simplicial complexes, which have recently found applications in social, technological, and biological contexts. Here we introduce a model to grow simplicial complexes of order two, i.e., nodes, links, and triangles, that can be straightforwardly extended to structures containing hyperedges of larger order. Specifically, through a combination of preferential and/or nonpreferential attachment mechanisms, the model constructs networks with a scale-free degree distribution and an either bounded or scale-free generalized degree distribution. We arrive at a highly general scheme with analytical control of the scaling exponents to construct ensembles of synthetic complexes displaying desired statistical properties.
The first GeV flare of the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 2004–447
Authors: Gokus A. , Paliya V. S. , Wagner S. M. , Buson S. , D’Ammando F. , Edwards P. G. , Kadler M. , Meyer M. , Ojha R. , Stevens J. , Wilms J. 
Published: March 2021

Context.On 2019 October 25, theFermi-Large Area Telescope observed the first everγ-ray flare from the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 2004−447 (z = 0.24). Prior to this discovery, only four sources of this type had shown a flare at gigaelectronvolt energies.Aims.We report on follow-up observations in the radio, optical-UV, and X-ray bands that were performed by ATCA, theNeil Gehrels SwiftObservatory,XMM-Newton, andNuSTAR, respectively, and analyse these multi-wavelength data with a one-zone leptonic model in order to understand the physical mechanisms that were responsible for the flare.Methods.We study the source’s variability across all energy bands and additionally produceγ-ray light curves with different time binnings to study the variability inγ-rays on short timescales during the flare. We examine the combined X-ray spectrum from 0.5 to 50 keV by describing the spectral shape with an absorbed power law. We analyse multi-wavelength datasets before, during, and after the flare and compare these with a low activity state of the source by modelling the respective spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with a one-zone synchrotron inverse Compton radiative model. Finally, we compare the variability and the SEDs toγ-ray flares previously observed from otherγ-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies.Results.Atγ-ray energies (0.1−300 GeV) the flare reached a maximum flux of (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10−6ph cm−2s−1in daily binning and a total maximum flux of (2.7 ± 0.6) × 10−6ph cm−2s−1when a 3 h binning was used. With a photon index of Γ0.1−300 GeV = 2.42 ± 0.09 during the flare, this corresponds to an isotropicγ-ray luminosity of (2.9 ± 0.8) × 1047erg s−1. Theγ-ray, X-ray, and optical-UV light curves that cover the end of September to the middle of November show significant variability, and we find indications for flux-doubling times of ∼2.2 h atγ-ray energies. The soft X-ray excess, which is observed for most narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, is not visible in this source. During the flare, the SED exhibits large Compton dominance. While the increase in the optical-UV range can be explained by enhanced synchrotron emission, the elevatedγ-ray flux can be accounted for by an increase in the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet, similar to that observed for other flaringγ-ray blazars.
Long-term X-ray spectral evolution of ultraluminous X-ray sources: implications on the accretion flow geometry and the nature of the accretor
Authors: Gúrpide A. , Godet O. , Koliopanos F. , Webb N. , Olive J.-F. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The discovery of pulsations in several ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) has demonstrated that a fraction of them are powered by super-Eddington accretion onto neutron stars (NSs). This has raised questions regarding the NS to black hole (BH) ratio within the ULX population and the physical mechanism that allows ULXs to reach luminosities well in excess of their Eddington luminosity. Is this latter the presence of strong magnetic fields or rather the presence of strong outflows that collimate the emission towards the observer?
Aims. In order to distinguish between these scenarios, namely, supercritically accreting BHs, weakly magnetised NSs, or strongly magnetised NSs, we study the long-term X-ray spectral evolution of a sample of 17 ULXs with good long-term coverage, 6 of which are known to host NSs. At the same time, this study serves as a baseline to identify potential new NS-ULX candidates.
Methods. We combine archival data from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR observatories in order to sample a wide range of spectral states for each source. We track the evolution of each source in a hardness–luminosity diagram in order to identify spectral changes, and show that these can be used to constrain the accretion flow geometry, and in some cases the nature of the accretor.
Results. We find NS-ULXs to be among the hardest sources in our sample with highly variable high-energy emission. On this basis, we identify M 81 X-6 as a strong NS-ULX candidate, whose variability is shown to be akin to that of NGC 1313 X-2. For most softer sources with an unknown accretor, we identify the presence of three markedly different spectral states, which we interpret by invoking changes in the mass-accretion rate and obscuration by the supercritical wind/funnel structure. Finally, we report on a lack of variability at high energies (≳10 keV) in NGC 1313 X-1 and Holmberg IX X-1, which we argue may offer a means to differentiate BH-ULXs from NS-ULXs.
Conclusions. We support a scenario in which the hardest sources in our sample might be powered by strongly magnetised NSs, meaning that the high-energy emission is dominated by the hard direct emission from the accretion column. Instead, softer sources may be explained by weakly magnetised NSs or BHs, in which the presence of outflows naturally explains their softer spectra through Compton down-scattering, their spectral transitions, and the dilution of the pulsed-emission should some of these sources contain NSs.
The OTELO survey
Authors: Cedrés B. , Bongiovanni Á. , Cerviño M. , Nadolny J. , Cepa J. , de Diego J. A. , Pérez García A. M. , Gallego J. , Lara-López M. A. , Sánchez-Portal M. , González-Serrano J. I. , Alfaro E. J. , Navarro Martínez R. , Pérez Martínez R. , González J. J. , Padilla Torres C. P. , Castañeda H. O. , González M. 
Published: March 2021

Aims. In this paper, we aim to study the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O II]3727 emitters detected in the OTELO survey in order to characterise the star formation processes in low-mass galaxies at z ∼ 1.43 and to constrain the faint-end of the LF.
Methods. Here, we describe the selection method and analysis of the emitters obtained from narrow-band scanning techniques. In addition, we present several relevant properties of the emitters and discuss the selection biases and uncertainties in the determination of the LF and the star formation rate density (SFRD).
Results. We confirmed a total of 60 sources from a preliminary list of 332 candidates as [O II]3727 emitters. Approximately 93% of the emitters have masses in the range of 108 < M*/M⊙ < 109. All of our emitters are classified as late-type galaxies, with a lower value of (u − v) when compared with the rest of the emitters of the OTELO survey. We find that the cosmic variance strongly affects the normalisation (ϕ*) of the LF and explains the discrepancy of our results when compared with those obtained from surveys of much larger volumes. However, we are able to determine the faint-end slope of the LF, namely, α = −1.42 ± 0.06, by sampling the LF down to ∼1 dex lower than in previous works. We present our calculation of the SFRD of our sample and compare it to the value obtained in previous studies from the literature.
Distance to three molecular clouds in the central molecular zone
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Schödel R. , Neumayer N. , Schultheis M. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The determination of absolute and relative distances of molecular clouds along the line-of-sight towards the central molecular zone (CMZ) is crucial for inferring its orbital structure and dynamics and for understanding star formation in the clouds.
Aims. Recent work has suggested that the G0.253+0.016 cloud (the Brick) does not belong to the CMZ. This motivated us to crosscheck those results, computing the absolute and relative distances to the Brick as well as to another two molecular clouds (the 50 km s−1 and the 20 km s−1 clouds), and discuss their CMZ membership.
Methods. We used the colour magnitude diagrams Ks versus H − Ks to compare stars detected towards the target clouds with stars detected towards three reference regions in the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) and the Galactic bulge. We used red clump (RC) stars to estimate the distance to each region.
Results. We found that all the clouds present a double RC feature. Such a double RC has been reported in previous work for the NSD, but not for the bulge adjacent to it. We exclude the possibility that the different RC features are located at significantly different distances. The obtained absolute and relative distances are compatible with the Galactic centre distance (∼8 kpc).
The impact of content knowledge on the adoption of a critical curriculum model by history teachers-in-training
Authors: Parra-Monserrat David , Fuertes-Muñoz Carlos , Asensi-Silvestre Elvira , Colomer-Rubio Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work analyses the impact of disciplinary training on future Primary and Secondary School teachers’ decision to adopt a critical approach for teaching history. To do this, we will use a two-phase mixed methodological approach (quantitative and qualitative) to analyse the relationship between their previous training and the use of epistemological and psycho-pedagogical objectives and paradigms as outlined in a critical curriculum model. As regards data collection in the first phase, a closed questionnaire was created and validated, using a Likert-style (1–5) evaluation scale. The data was codified using the statistical package SPSS v.26.0 for subsequent analysis. The selected sample included 215 students from a Spanish university on the following courses: Degree in Primary Education (n = 145) and Master’s Degree in Secondary School Teaching specialised in history and geography (n = 70). They were all in the last stage of their initial training. In the second phase, we selected some of the students to participate in discussion groups, where they were able to go into more depth with their answers. In this way, we could better understand the link between their disciplinary training and the adoption of a determined model of history education. To do this, we separated them into three groups with different profiles: students taking the Degree in Primary Education unrelated with History (n = 8), students taking the Degree in Primary Education specialised in arts and humanities (n = 8) and students taking the Master’s Degree in Secondary School Teaching specialised in history and geography (n = 8). The data was gathered using an open coding procedure, based on several categories, which allowed us to compare the different questionnaires. The results reveal significant differences between the different groups. As such, we can conclude as to the importance of mastering epistemological disciplinary knowledge to break with certain traditions which impede innovation and make the adoption of a critical educational model more difficult.
DANTE as a primary temperature diagnostic for the NIF iron opacity campaign
Authors: Opachich Y. P. , Dodd E. S. , Heeter R. F. , Harris C. D. , Johns H. M. , Kline J. L. , Krasheninnikova N. S. , May M. J. , Moore A. S. , Rubery M. S. , Schneider M. B. , Urbatsch T. J. , Widmann K. , Perry T. S. 
Published: March 2021

The Opacity Platform on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been developed to measure iron opacities at varying densities and temperatures relevant to the solar interior and to verify recent experimental results obtained at the Sandia Z-machine, that diverge from theory. The first set of NIF experiments collected iron opacity data at ∼150 eV to 160 eV and an electron density of ∼7 × 1021 cm−3, with a goal to study temperatures up to ∼210 eV, with electron densities of up to ∼3 × 1022 cm−3. Among several techniques used to infer the temperature of the heated Fe sample, the absolutely calibrated DANTE-2 filtered diode array routinely provides measurements of the hohlraum conditions near the sample. However, the DANTE-2 temperatures are consistently low compared to pre-shot LASNEX simulations for a range of laser drive energies. We have re-evaluated the estimated uncertainty in the reported DANTE-2 temperatures and also the error generated by varying channel participation in the data analysis. An uncertainty of ±5% or better can be achieved with appropriate spectral coverage, channel participation, and metrology of the viewing slot.
TAligner 3.0
Authors: Sanz-Villar Zuriñe , Andaluz-Pinedo Olaia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In 2010 the TRALIMA/ITZULIK research group began developing a tool to create parallel and multilingual corpora. This would serve (among other functions) to explain, describe, and predict translational behaviour in terms of translational norms and laws (Toury 2012). Instead of relying on already existing resources, it was decided to invest in the creation of a new tool. As a result, TAligner 3.0 enables users to create corpora simultaneously aligning any number of texts (as required by the research) as well as compile corpora consisting of different text types. Furthermore, unlike most tools the aligned corpora can be queried within the program. The aim of this paper is to present, firstly, TAligner 3.0 and secondly, two parallel corpora built using this tool.
Developing a corpus-informed tool for Spanish professionals writing specialised texts in English
Authors: Pérez Blanco María , Izquierdo Marlén 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the development and use of Promociona-TÉ, a tool for Spanish professionals who need to write herbal tea promotional texts (HTPTs) in English. The tool was developed from a comparable-corpus approach, given the absence of parallel corpora for under-researched domains (Skadiņa et al. 2010) such as HTPTs. It is the result of applying the insights of contrastive linguistic research in the workplace towards overcoming problems of communication (Rabadán 2019). Two analyses were conducted at the rhetorical and lexicogrammatical levels, providing the tool with a prototypical macrostructure of HTPTs together with a pool of drafting lines and a domain-specific bilingual glossary. We conclude by describing three advantages of this text generator over the use of translation, either human or machine.
English and Spanish discourse markers in translation
Authors: Lavid-López Julia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study and annotation of discourse markers (DMs) in the context of translation is a much needed and challenging task not only for descriptive translation studies, but also for Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Their various meanings are difficult to identify and annotate, even for trained human experts. In this chapter, a methodology for the analysis and annotation of DMs is proposed, using three highly frequent DMs in English -in fact, actually and really- and their translations into Spanish as a case study. The methodology consists of an initial corpus analysis phase followed by a corpus annotation phase. The corpus analysis provides qualitative and quantitative information on the meanings of these DMs by looking at their translations in large parallel corpora. The corpus annotation phase specifies the annotation procedure, which can be generalized to other DMs and to other language pairs, and form the basis for large-scale cross-linguistic annotation of DMs.
The discourse markers well and so and their equivalents in the Portuguese and Turkish subparts of the TED-MDB corpus
Authors: Mendes Amália , Zeyrek Deniz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present research describes how the PDTB style of discourse annotation has been applied to transcribed TED Talks in the TED-MDB corpus, which include multifunctional elements such as well and so. The occurrence of these two markers is analyzed in English in comparison to the way they are conveyed in Portuguese and Turkish translations of TED-MDB. Their presence in discourse relations, as well as in question-response pairs found in TED Talks, are investigated. The implicitation of well and so in translation is shown to be related to their function in the context. Results also point to differences in the target languages regarding implicitation, especially when the discourse marker doesn’t fulfil a connective function.