bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Porcine circovirus 3 from captured wild boars in Korea
Authors: Dhandapani Gowtham , Yoon Sun‐Woo , Noh Ji Yeong , Jang Seong Sik , Han Sang‐Hoon , Jeong Dae Gwin , Kim Hye Kwon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPorcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered ssDNA virus. The virus was first reported in pigs suffering from several clinical syndromes, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive disorders, respiratory disease and myocarditis. PCV3 was recently reported in wild boars with high prevalence as well. In this study, 266 wild boar anal swab, feces, nasal swab and whole blood samples were collected from three mainland provinces and one island province (Chungbuk, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Jeju) of South Korea between 2019 and 2020 including 119 from male, 142 from female and 5 undetermined. PCV3 was diagnosed targeting conserved rep (replication associated protein) gene region using Direct PCR and sequencing. Out of 266 tested samples, 15 were positive for PCV3 with detection frequency at 5.6%. Among 266 samples tested, we obtained 14 partial rep gene sequences and one complete genome sequence of PCV3 with a genome size of 2000nt. Here we present the evidence of PCV3 circulation in Korean wild boars.
Jejunocecostomy in a Grant's zebra (Equus quagga boehmi)
Authors: Maleas Grigorios , Drumm Niklas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA stallion zebra (Equus quagga boehmi) showed severe symptoms of acute colic. Clinical examination revealed a small intestinal mechanical obstruction. The surgical diagnosis was volvulus of 360° of the aboral part of the jejunum and the majority of the ileum. The ischemic segment was resectioned, and a side‐to‐side, hand‐sewn jejunocecostomy (JC) was performed. The recovery and postoperative periods passed without complications. The stallion zebra's 48‐month survival data recorded no colic incidence. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a successful resection and JC in a zebra. This case report describes the successful management of a small intestinal obstruction through a technically demanding surgical procedure and provides details about the postoperative treatment tailored to the animal's nature.
Datenaufbereitung
Authors: Dix Carolin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungEin entscheidender Schritt bei der empirisch-qualitativen Analyse natürlicher Interaktionsereignisse ist neben der Datenerhebung die Datenaufbereitung. Transkripte spiele dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Das Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über aktuell genutzte Systeme für die Transkription von Multimodalität vor. Zudem führt es ein neues System ein, das auf der Grundlage von Konventionen wie GAT2 und dem International SignWriting Alphabet (ISWA) imRahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelt wurde.
Die Predigt aus theologischer Sicht
Authors: Dix Carolin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel stellt für die Analyse relevante Forschungslinien innerhalb der Praktischen Theologie und speziell der Homiletik vor. Im Zentrum stehen Ansätze, die einen empirischen Zugang nutzen und Bezug nehmen auf außertheologische, v.a. linguistische Theorien und Methoden.
Kommunikative Projekte & kommunikative Praktiken
Authors: Dix Carolin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Rezeption und Weiterentwicklung hat sowohl das Konzept der sprachlichen Gattungen nach Bachtin als auch das Modell der kommunikativen Gattungen nach Luckmann im Programm der kommunikativen Aktivitätstypen und der kommunikativen Projekte durch Per Linell erfahren. Neben diesem Konzept stellt das Kapitel den Begriff der kommunikativen Praktik vor und erstellt anhand des Gegenstandes der Predigt eine begriffliche Klassifikation, in der zwischen dem kommunikativen Projekt, der kommunikativen Gattung und unterschiedlichen Aktivitätstypen unterschieden wird.
National Veterinary Services Roles and Responsibilities in Preparing for and Responding to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies
Authors: Vroegindewey Gary 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNational Veterinary Services have a wide range of regulatory and operational responsibilities as directed by their respective countries including: animal health, animal welfare, food safety, zoonotic disease surveillance and control, import and export regulations, trade in livestock and livestock products, disaster management, and other functional areas. These services can utilize numerous guidelines and standards to prepare for and respond to nuclear and radiologic events. In addition to their national and regional guidelines, there are resources developed by the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency, United Nations Food and Agriculture Agency, the World Organization for Animal Health and other entities to support disaster risk reduction, preparedness and response. National Veterinary Services can utilitze all these resources to effectively and effeciently respond to nuclear and radiological emergencies.
Preparedness and Response to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems in the Context of IAEA Safety Standards
Authors: Kelleher Kevin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe IAEA has published Safety Standards and Scientific and Technical Publications to assist in developing an adequate level of preparedness and response for a NRE. This Chapter outlines and summarises the relevant content the Requirements and Safety Standards to assist the stakeholders in animal production systems to adequately prepare and respond to a NRE.
Stimmdiagnostik bei phonochirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Schneider-Stickler Berit 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungStimmdiagnostische Untersuchungen vor und nach phonochirurgischen Eingriffen dienen zum einen der detaillierten Planung der chirurgischen Vorgehensweise und zum anderen der Nachvollziehbarkeit des postoperativen Ergebnisses. Die Stimmdiagnostik verfolgt dabei eine vielschichtige Vorgehensweise und umfasst Aspekte aus perzeptiver Stimmklangbeurteilung, Laryngostroboskopie, Stimmakustik, Aerodynamik und der Selbsteinschätzung durch die Patient*innen. Die Auswahl stimmdiagnostischer Methoden sollte sich dabei immer am aktuellen Wissensstand orientieren und das einrichtungsinterne Vorgehen prägen.
Comparison between data-driven clusters and models based on clinical features to predict outcomes in type 2 diabetes: nationwide observational study
Authors: Lugner Moa , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Sattar Naveed , Svensson Ann-Marie , Miftaraj Mervete , Eeg-Olofsson Katarina , Eliasson Björn , Franzén Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Research using data-driven cluster analysis has proposed five novel subgroups of diabetes based on six measured variables in individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes. Our aim was (1) to validate the existence of differing clusters within type 2 diabetes, and (2) to compare the cluster method with an alternative strategy based on traditional methods to predict diabetes outcomes.

Methods
We used data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register and included 114,231 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. k-means clustering was used to identify clusters based on nine continuous variables (age at diagnosis, HbA1c, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and eGFR). The elbow method was used to determine the optimal number of clusters and Cox regression models were used to evaluate mortality risk and risk of CVD events. The prediction models were compared using concordance statistics.

Results
The elbow plot, with values of k ranging from 1 to 10, showed a smooth curve without any clear cut-off points, making the optimal value of k unclear. The appearance of the plot was very similar to the elbow plot made from a simulated dataset consisting only of one cluster. In prediction models for mortality, concordance was 0.63 (95% CI 0.63, 0.64) for two clusters, 0.66 (95% CI 0.65, 0.66) for four clusters, 0.77 (95% CI 0.76, 0.77) for the ordinary Cox model and 0.78 (95% CI 0.77, 0.78) for the Cox model with smoothing splines. In prediction models for CVD events, the concordance was 0.64 (95% CI 0.63, 0.65) for two clusters, 0.66 (95% CI 0.65, 0.67) for four clusters, 0.77 (95% CI 0.77, 0.78) for the ordinary Cox model and 0.78 (95% CI 0.77, 0.78) for the Cox model with splines for all variables.

Conclusions/interpretation
This nationwide observational study found no evidence supporting the existence of a specific number of distinct clusters within type 2 diabetes. The results from this study suggest that a prediction model approach using simple clinical features to predict risk of diabetes complications would be more useful than a cluster sub-stratification.

Graphical abstract
Structural optimisation of diffusion driven degradation processes
Authors: Waschinsky Navina , Barthold Franz-Joseph , Menzel Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose an optimisation framework that can contribute to the prevention of premature failure or damage to building structures and can thereby strengthen their longevity. We concentrate on structures that are contaminated by chemical substances and that have strong destructive effects on the material. The aim of this contribution is a mathematical algorithm that allows the optimisation of a structure exposed to chemical influences and thus the assurance of the static load capacity. To achieve this, we present a coupled mechanical-diffusion-degradation approach embedded in a finite element (FE) framework. Furthermore, we integrate an optimisation algorithm to reduce material degradation. In this paper, we establish shape optimisation of a structure with a gradient based optimisation algorithm.
Growth of LixLaySrzMnO3 thin films by pulsed laser deposition: complex relation between thin film composition and deposition parameters
Authors: Bimashofer G. , Smetaczek S. , Gilardi E. , Schneider C. W. , Limbeck A. , Lippert T. , Stahn J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLixLaySrzMnO3 thin films of various compositions (x,y,z) have been grown using pulsed laser deposition. The compositions of the films have been studied as a function of deposition temperature, target-to-substrate distance and deposition pressure with respect to different cation ratios of the targets by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. When growing multi-elemental oxide thin films containing lithium (with its large mass difference to other elements), lithium loss is most probably inevitable. But the desired thin film composition can be achieved by selecting specific growth conditions and different target compositions. The experiments also elucidate some of the mechanisms behind the incongruent lithium transfer from the targets to thin films.
Hot and cold flavors of southern California’s Santa Ana winds: their causes, trends, and links with wildfire
Authors: Gershunov Alexander , Guzman Morales Janin , Hatchett Benjamin , Guirguis Kristen , Aguilera Rosana , Shulgina Tamara , Abatzoglou John T. , Cayan Daniel , Pierce David , Williams Park , Small Ivory , Clemesha Rachel , Schwarz Lara , Benmarhnia Tarik , Tardy Alex 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSanta Ana winds (SAWs) are associated with anomalous temperatures in coastal Southern California (SoCal). As dry air flows over SoCal’s coastal ranges on its way from the elevated Great Basin down to sea level, all SAWs warm adiabatically. Many but not all SAWs produce coastal heat events. The strongest regionally averaged SAWs tend to be cold. In fact, some of the hottest and coldest observed temperatures in coastal SoCal are linked to SAWs. We show that hot and cold SAWs are produced by distinct synoptic dynamics. High-amplitude anticyclonic flow around a blocking high pressure aloft anchored at the California coast produces hot SAWs. Cold SAWs result from anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking over the northwestern U.S. Hot SAWs are preceded by warming in the Great Basin and dry conditions across the Southwestern U.S. Precipitation over the Southwest, including SoCal, and snow accumulation in the Great Basin usually precede cold SAWs. Both SAW flavors, but especially the hot SAWs, yield low relative humidity at the coast. Although cold SAWs tend to be associated with the strongest winds, hot SAWs tend to last longer and preferentially favor wildfire growth. Historically, out of large (> 100 acres) SAW-spread wildfires, 90% were associated with hot SAWs, accounting for 95% of burned area. As health impacts of SAW-driven coastal fall, winter and spring heat waves and impacts of smoke from wildfires have been recently identified, our results have implications for designing early warning systems. The long-term warming trend in coastal temperatures associated with SAWs is focused on January–March, when hot and cold SAW frequency and temperature intensity have been increasing and decreasing, respectively, over our 71-year record.
Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes in children: link to adult psychiatry
Authors: Hansen Niels , Luedecke Daniel , Malchow Berend , Lipp Michael , Vogelgsang Jonathan , Timäus Charles , Zindler Tristan , Gingele Stefan , Kühn Simone , Gallinat Jürgen , Wiedemann Klaus , Denk Johannes , Moschny Nicole , Fiehler Jens , Skripuletz Thomas , Riedel Christian , Wattjes Mike P. , Zerr Inga , Esselmann Hermann , Poustka Luise , Karow Anne , Hartmann Hans , Frieling Helge , Bleich Stefan , Wiltfang Jens , Neyazi Alexandra ,   + CAP (Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Psychiatry)-Consortium
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudies show that psychiatric symptoms in adults and children are sometimes associated with serum neural autoantibodies. The significance of serum neural autoantibodies associated with psychiatric symptoms in children remains often unclear, but might be relevant for the extent and occurrence of psychiatric disease manifestation in later life, as well as therapy and outcome. For this narrative review, we sought articles listed in PubMed and published between 1988 and 2020 addressing the maternal–fetal transfer of neural autoantibodies and psychiatric disorders associated with serum neural autoantibodies. We identified six major subgroups of psychiatric disorders in children that are associated with serum neural autoantibodies: patients with attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, psychosis and catatonia. Furthermore, we summarized study findings from maternal–fetal transfer of Contactin-associated protein-like 2, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and fetal brain autoantibodies associated with behavioral effects in animals and humans. We hypothesize that the maternal transfer of serum neuronal autoantibodies during or after birth could result (1) in the ignition of an autoimmune-mediated inflammation having neurodevelopmental consequences for their children (autoimmune-priming-attack hypothesis) and (2) has a potential impact on the later manifestation of psychiatric disorders. Through this narrative review, we propose a diagnostic pathway for the clinical diagnosis of a potentially autoimmune origin of psychiatric symptoms in children while considering recent guidelines.
Valuation of R&D compound option using Markov chain approach
Authors: D’Amico Guglielmo , Villani Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncorporation of technical risk in compound real options has been considered in Cassimon et al. (2011) concerning the valuation of multi-stage pharmaceutical R&D. There, the technical success probabilities at each development stage were assumed to be generated independently of each other. This assumption can be unrealistic in many applied problems, pharmaceutical R&D included. We present a valuation procedure dealing with dependent success probabilities and random development stage times. This greater flexibility allows a better description of the sequence of decision stages and results, which in turn, impact the value of the considered project. The theoretical results are illustrated through a numerical example that shows the implementation of the model to a pharmaceutical R&D problem.
Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) Messaging Increases Uptake of HIV Testing Among Men: Results from a Pilot Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Smith Philip , Buttenheim Alison , Schmucker Laura , Bekker Linda-Gail , Thirumurthy Harsha , Davey Dvora L. Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHIV testing coverage in sub-Saharan Africa is lower among men than women. We investigated the impact of a peer-delivered U = U (undetectable equals untransmittable) message on men’s HIV testing uptake through a cluster randomised trial with individual mobile clinic days as unit of randomisation. On standard of care (SOC) days, peer promoters informed men about the availability of HIV testing at the mobile clinic. On intervention days, peer promoters delivered U = U messages. We used logistic regression adjusting for mobile clinic location, clustering by study day, to determine the percentage of invited men who tested for HIV at the mobile clinic. Peer promoters delivered 1048 invitations over 12 days. In the SOC group, 68 (13%) of 544 men invited tested for HIV (3, 4.4% HIV-positive). In the U = U group, 112 (22%) of 504 men invited tested for HIV (7, 6.3% HIV-positive). Men in the U = U group had greater odds of testing for HIV (adjusted odds ratio = 1.89, 95% CI 1.21–2.95; p = 0.01). Tailored, peer-delivered messages that explain the benefits of HIV treatment in reducing HIV transmission can increase men’s HIV testing uptake.
A comparative study on a complex URM building: part I—sensitivity of the seismic response to different modelling options in the equivalent frame models
Authors: Ottonelli Daria , Manzini Carlo Filippo , Marano Corrado , Cordasco Emilia Angela , Cattari Serena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the comparison of the results of nonlinear static analyses carried out using six software packages (SWs) available at professional level and operating in the field of the equivalent frame (EF) approach on a model representative of a complex masonry building. The structure is inspired by the school “P. Capuzi” in Visso (MC, Italy), proposed as one of the benchmark structures in the “URM nonlinear modelling—Benchmark project” funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection within the context of the ReLUIS projects. The 2-stories building is characterized by an irregular T-shaped plan and load-bearing walls consisting of two-leaf stone masonry with a rather regular bond scheme. The school was severely damaged by the seismic sequence that hit Central Italy in 2016/2017 and essentially exhibited a global in-plane box-type response, with a clear evidence of cracks concentrated in piers and spandrels. The availability of an accurate survey of the crack extension represents a precious and rare reference to firstly address in the paper the rules to be adopted in the EF models for the definition of the structural elements geometry. Then, the comparison of results is made with a twofold aim: firstly, by setting the models adopting shared and consistent modelling assumptions across the SWs; secondly, by investigating the sensitivity of the seismic response to some common epistemic and modelling uncertainties (namely: the adoption of various EF idealization rules for walls, the out-of-plane contribution of piers, the flange effect). In both cases, results are post-processed to define reference values of the achievable dispersion. The comparison is carried out in relation to a wide set of parameters, namely: global parameters (e.g. dynamic properties, pushover curves and equivalent bilinear curves); synthetic parameters of the structural safety (i.e. the maximum acceleration compatible with the ultimate limit state); the damage pattern simulated by SWs.
Relating a Rate-Independent System and a Gradient System for the Case of One-Homogeneous Potentials
Authors: Mielke Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider a non-negative and one-homogeneous energy functional $${{\mathcal {J}}}$$
J
on a Hilbert space. The paper provides an exact relation between the solutions of the associated gradient-flow equations and the energetic solutions generated via the rate-independent system given in terms of the time-dependent functional $${{\mathcal {E}}}(t,u)= t {{\mathcal {J}}}(u)$$

E
(
t
,
u
)
=
t
J
(
u
)

and the norm as a dissipation distance. The relation between the two flows is given via a solution-dependent reparametrization of time that can be guessed from the homogeneities of energy and dissipations in the two equations. We provide several examples including the total-variation flow and show that equivalence of the two systems through a solution dependent reparametrization of the time. Making the relation mathematically rigorous includes a careful analysis of the jumps in energetic solutions which correspond to constant-speed intervals for the solutions of the gradient-flow equation. As a major result we obtain a non-trivial existence and uniqueness result for the energetic rate-independent system.
Cumulative effects of infrastructure and human disturbance: a case study with reindeer
Authors: Eftestøl Sindre , Tsegaye Diress , Flydal Kjetil , Colman Jonathan E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextWithinRangiferranges, many studies focus on expanding infrastructure and human activity negatively influencing habitat use. Little documentation exists on how disturbances act in synergy (i.e. cumulative effects), nor methods to test such effects.Objectives(1) Investigate how cumulative disturbance at different distances affects reindeer habitat use and (2) at what disturbance levels and distances loss of habitat functionality occurs.MethodsDisturbance intensity levels for trails and infrastructure were based on expected amount of human activity, on a scale from 1 to 6. To test cumulative disturbance, we adapted the multi-grain method and summed-up disturbance intensity levels within “disturbance distance intervals” (0–0.25, 0.25–1, 1–2 km, etc. instead of 0–0.25, 0–1, 0–2 km, etc.), and tested reindeers’ avoidance using GPS data for 2011–2018.ResultsWe found decreased habitat use within 0.25 km with increasing cumulative disturbance for snow free and winter seasons. For spring, a similar effect occurred up to 1 km. Reductions in use in areas with highest cumulative disturbance within these zones were between 92 and 98%. Strongest avoidance during spring supports previous studies. Comparatively, the multi-grain approach showed negative effects up to 3 km.ConclusionsOur approach provides novel results and precisely estimates where cumulative effects actually occur. Reindeer in our study tolerate low intensities of human disturbance, while further increase in disturbance intensity reduces habitat functionality. We suggest clustering future human developments within areas of high disturbance, i.e. where functional habitat use is already lost or highly reduced. Our method can be used for other areas and species.
Non-local criteria for the borehole problem: Gradient Elasticity versus Finite Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Sapora A. , Efremidis G. , Cornetti P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo nonlocal approaches are applied to the borehole geometry, herein simply modelled as a circular hole in an infinite elastic medium, subjected to remote biaxial loading and/or internal pressure. The former approach lies within the framework of Gradient Elasticity (GE). Its characteristic is nonlocal in the elastic material behaviour and local in the failure criterion, hence simply related to the stress concentration factor. The latter approach is the Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM), a well-consolidated model within the framework of brittle fracture. Its characteristic is local in the elastic material behaviour and non-local in the fracture criterion, since crack onset occurs when two (stress and energy) conditions in front of the stress concentration point are simultaneously met. Although the two approaches have a completely different origin, they present some similarities, both involving a characteristic length. Notably, they lead to almost identical critical load predictions as far as the two internal lengths are properly related. A comparison with experimental data available in the literature is also provided.