bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Compare the Effect on IOP Following Primary Trabeculectomy with MMC 0.2% versus Trabeculectomy without MMC in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Gopang Zakaullah , Bhutto Shabeer Ahmed , Katpar Naeem Akhtar , Rajper Arslan hassan , Nagdev Vijay 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the effect on intraocular pressure following primary Trabeculectomy with MMC 0.2% versus Trabeculectomy without MMC in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.
Study Design: This is a prospective and experimental Study.
Setting: Study carried out at Ophthalmology Department, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, from 01-03-2020 to 31-08-2020 (06 Months).
Materials and Methods: The patients with primary open angle glaucoma were selected from glaucoma clinic after taking careful history and clinical examination. Patients selected for trabeculectomy into two groups. Group A includes 43 patients while Group B also includes 43 patients. Among Group A patients adjunctive MMC 0.2mg/ml for a period of 3 minutes was used during trabeculectomy as a primary procedure (Test Group) while Group B patients were operated without MMC 0.2% (Control Group). Follow-up period of 06 months was observed in both groups. The span of study was from 01-03-2020 to 31-08-2020.
Results: The total of 86 Eyes of 86 patients of POAG were included in this study. Group A patients were operated for trabeculectomy with MMC while group B patients were operated for trabeculectomy without MMC. The mean IOP before surgery of Group-A was 25.39±2.42 mmHg while in Group-B it was 26.23±4.23mmHg. At day 1 of surgery in Group-A patients IOP was 13.20±3.05 mmHg while in Group-B patients IOP, was 14.09±4.04 mmHg. After 3 months in Group-A, IOP was 13.04±3.81 mmHg in Group-B IOP was 14.01±4.18 mmHg. Out of 43 patients in Group-A, 41(95.3%) were succeeded while in Group-B, 39(90.7%)were succeeded. Significant result was found for IOP reduction after 6 months of surgeryin group-A IOP was 13.48 + 2.86 mmHg while in group-B, IOP was 15.09 ±2.64 (P=0.754).
Conclusion: Trabeculectomy with MMC as a primary procedure seems to be more effective than trabeculectomy without MMC.
A Comparative Study of Extubation in Prone and Supine Position in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery in Prone Position
Authors: Singam Amol , Bajaj Radhika 
Published: September 2021

Aim: In case of surgeries done in prone position, patients are rolled to supine during extubation which is associated with loss of monitoring and hemodynamic change. Also, incidence of coughing and bucking are noted. Several studies have shown that prone position extubation is associated with reduced frequency of coughing and monitor disconnection in prone position surgeries. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of patients extubated in prone and supine posted for lumbar spine surgery.
Study Design: 60 patients varying from age 18 - 65 years and posted for lumbar spine surgery under general anaesthesia in prone position were randomly allocated to any one of the two groups Group P - In this group extubation was done in prone position at the end of surgery or Group S – In this group extubation was done in supine position at the end of surgery.
Place and Duration of Study: Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS (DU), Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha over the period of 1 year (2019 - 2020).
Methods: A double blinded randomized controlled comparative study was conducted on 60 patients with primary objective to measure incidence of coughing and severity of coughing in prone vs supine extubation. Patients were anesthetized with fentanyl, nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, and vecuronium. Neuromuscular blockade was reversed in prone position and all patients had spontaneous ventilation at the conclusion of surgery. At time 0, patients were randomly divided into group P or group S. Patients in the group S were then rolled over, while those in the prone position remained undisturbed. Frequency of cough, monitor disconnection and changes in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were noted during extubation. Patient were extubated on purposeful behaviour and eye opening.
Results: Frequency of coughing was significantly less in prone patients in comparison to supine group (6 vs. 24 coughs) monitor disconnections dysconnectivity was also fewer (p < 0.001), little change in haemodynamics was noted during extubation. Time to extubation from time 0 was comparatively more in Group S. Airway rescue was not needed.
Conclusions: Extubation in prone position is associated with lesser frequency of coughing, disruption of monitors and significantly less hemodynamic changes as compared to supine position extubation he abstract should be concise and informative. It should not exceed 300 words in length. It should briefly describe the purpose of the work, techniques and methods used, major findings with important data and conclusions. Different sub-sections, as given below, should be used. No references should be cited in this part. Generally non-standard abbreviations should not be used, if necessary they should be clearly defined in the abstract, at first use.
Use of Cephalosporin Type Antimicrobials in Infection Wards in Tertiary Hospital in West India
Authors: Kothari Revati D. , Barde Anita , Bhide Harshavardhan , Deshpande Teja , Narkar Nimish S. , Tilak A. V. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance is exponentially increasing worldwide. Irrational prescription of antibiotic treatment contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. Appropriate antibiotic use is vital in reducing the mortality caused by bacterial infections. Third generation cephalosporins are now considered as the backbone of antibiotic therapy for treatment of serious infections including those in hospitalized patients. These drugs are the commonly prescribed ꞵ-lactam antibiotics even before culture sensitivity reports arrive. Generation of resistance has been a growing concern for all clinicians and must be avoided at all costs. This drug utilization study was undertaken to understand the growing resistance acquired by the organisms against cephalosporins caused due to the superfluous and unrestrained use of cephalosporins in the medical wards of our institution.
Objective: The study objectives were to assess:

The cephalosporins generation which was most commonly prescribed
The relevance of cephalosporins generations used in various diseases
The shift or addition of other antimicrobials upon failure of cephalosporins treatment

Methods: This was an observational study done amongst 350 patients admitted in infection wards of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune over a period of one year between January 2019 to December 2019 after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. Data was analyzed and values were presented descriptively in number and percentage form.
Results: Maximum usage of third generation cephalosporin was seen with ceftriaxone being the most commonly prescribed third generation cephalosporin in parenteral form (59.43%). Gender analysis revealed that males (60.28%) were prescribed more cephalosporins as compared to females (39.71%), whereas, frequent usage was seen in the age group 61 – 70 years. Bacteriological investigations were done in only 103 (29.42%) cases following which shift or addition of other antimicrobials was seen in 13 (3.71%) cases. Metronidazole was the most frequently co-prescribed with cephalosporins.
Conclusion: Our study revealed extensive usage of third generation cephalosporin and the treatment regimens implemented in majority of the cases were without prior culture sensitivity test leading to irrational prescribing. Our study, along with the various other studies, would help in taking the corrective measures to curb the unnecessary use of antibiotics, and framing the guidelines for the doctors prescribing them.
The circadian clock and diseases of the skin
Authors: Duan Junyan , Greenberg Elyse Noelani , Karri Satya Swaroop , Andersen Bogi 
Published: September 2021

Organisms have an evolutionarily conserved internal rhythm that helps them anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment. Synchronized to the light–dark cycle with a period of around 24 hours, the timing of the circadian clock is set by light‐triggering signals sent from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Other inputs, including food intake, exercise, and temperature, also affect clocks in peripheral tissues, including skin. Here, we review the intricate interplay between the core clock network and fundamental physiological processes in skin such as homeostasis, regeneration, and immune‐ and stress responses. We illustrate the effect of feeding time on the skin circadian clock and skin functions, a previously overlooked area of research. We then discuss works that relate the circadian clock and its disruption to skin diseases, including skin cancer, sunburn, hair loss, aging, infections, inflammatory skin diseases, and wound healing. Finally, we highlight the promise of circadian medicine for skin disease prevention and management.
Using visual scene memory accuracy as a predictor of spatial navigation performance
Authors: Lovegrove Rhianna A. , Baumann Oliver 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpatial navigation is a fundamental cognitive function essential for daily life. Navigation skill assessment predominantly relies on self‐reports, with varying accounts regarding their validity. The current study aimed to determine whether performance on an objective visual scene memory recognition ability task could serve as a valid predictor of wayfinding navigation performance. A standardized sense of direction scale was used to compare the predictiveness of self‐report with the visual recognition test for objective navigation performance. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that better performance on the visual, but not the verbal memory task significantly predicted wayfinding ability. Visual memory performance was also a better predictor of navigation performance than participants' self‐reported sense of direction. This study therefore suggests that the assessment of visual scene memory is a promising and ecologically valid way to predict everyday practical navigation ability—in addition to or instead of via the use of self‐reports.
Importance of Shared Treatment Goal Discussions in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Cross‐Sectional Survey: Patients Report Providers Seldom Discuss Treatment Goals and Outcomes Improve When Goals Are Discussed
Authors: O’Neill Kelly D. , Marks Kathryne E. , Sinicrope Pamela S. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Symons Dana , Myasoedova Elena , Davis John M. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTreat‐to‐target (T2T) and shared decision‐making are valued features of current guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. Although T2T has demonstrated value for improving RA outcomes, implementation remains inconsistent and lacks standardization and procedures for including patient input. We sought to better understand the impact of shared decisions on T2T and how treatment goal discussions between patients and providers impact RA treatment improvement and satisfaction.MethodsAn anonymous, web‐based questionnaire was presented to United States residents aged 18 years or older with a self‐reported diagnosis of RA by a medical professional with 28 questions regarding socio‐demographics, RA disease activity (DA), diagnosis, treatments, outcomes, and goals. Analyses included descriptive statistics with χ2 and rank sum tests for comparisons.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 907 people (mean age of 58 years; mean 11 years since diagnosis; 90% female). The majority (571; 63%) did not discuss RA treatment goals with providers. Patients engaging in treatment goal discussions with their providers were three times more likely to be satisfied with their treatment plans. Patients discussing treatment goals with their providers were more likely to have improved DA levels and 68% more likely to reach remission.ConclusionA majority of patients with RA report having no treatment goal discussion with their providers; however, these discussions are associated with greater DA improvement and treatment satisfaction. Further research should seek understanding of how shared treatment goal discussions relate to successful RA management and explore the development of practical tools to implement them in regular clinic practice as part of a T2T regimen.
Effect of Training on Patient Self‐Assessment of Joint Counts in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tam Keith , Hazlewood Glen S. , Barber Claire E. H. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivePatient self‐assessed joint counts, if accurate and reliable, could potentially serve as a useful clinical assessment tool in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This systematic review examines the effect of patient training on the inter‐rater reliability of joint counts between patients and clinicians.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL for articles that incorporated patient training and measured the reliability of patient self‐assessed joint counts in RA. Articles were included if they reported on the inter‐rater reliability between patient and clinician joint counts in both trained and untrained patients with RA. Data were extracted on characteristics of patients, structure and components of the training interventions, joint count reliability of patients with and without training, and patient feedback on training interventions. The relevant data were summarized and described.ResultsMultiple training methods have been studied (n = 5), including in‐person sessions run by rheumatologists and instructional videos on the joint examination. Overall, training improved the reliability of patient self–joint counts, with more marked improvement in reliability of swollen joint counts than tender joint counts. Patients had positive feedback when surveyed on their experiences with training.ConclusionVarious training modalities (in‐person and video‐based) may be effective at improving reliability of patient self–joint counts. More research is needed on this topic, with potential areas for future research including 1) comparison between the efficacy of different modalities of training, and 2) impact of patient factors (education level and disease severity) on the efficacy of training.
Hydrogels Containing Gradients in Vascular Density Reveal Dose‐Dependent Role of Angiocrine Cues on Stem Cell Behavior
Authors: Ngo Mai T. , Barnhouse Victoria R. , Gilchrist Aidan E. , Mahadik Bhushan P. , Hunter Christine J. , Hensold Joy N. , Petrikas Nathan , Harley Brendan A. C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiomaterials that replicate patterns of microenvironmental signals from the stem cell niche offer the potential to refine platforms to regulate stem cell behavior. While significant emphasis has been placed on understanding the effects of biophysical and biochemical cues on stem cell fate, vascular‐derived or angiocrine cues offer an important alternative signaling axis for biomaterial‐based stem cell platforms. Elucidating dose‐dependent relationships between angiocrine cues and stem cell fate are largely intractable in animal models and 2D cell cultures. In this study, microfluidic mixing devices are leveraged to generate 3D hydrogels containing lateral gradients in vascular density alongside murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Regional differences in vascular density can be generated via embossed gradients in cell, matrix, or growth factor density. HSCs co‐cultured alongside vascular gradients reveal spatial patterns of HSC phenotype in response to angiocrine signals. Notably, decreased Akt signaling in high vessel density regions led to increased expansion of lineage‐positive hematopoietic cells. This approach offers a combinatorial tool to rapidly screen a continuum of microenvironments with varying vascular, biophysical, and biochemical cues to reveal the influence of local angiocrine signals on HSC fate.
Electrically Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Thin Film‐Based On‐Chip Micro‐Biosensor: A Platform to Unravel Surface Morphology‐Dependent Biosensing
Authors: Chen Xin , Dong Junjie , Chi Kai , Wang Liangjie , Xiao Fei , Wang Shuai , Zhao Yan , Liu Yunqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrically conductive metal–organic frameworks (EC‐MOFs) are suitable for electrochemical sensing because of their unique structure and properties. Herein, an on‐chip electrochemical micro‐biosensor is designed to study the electrocatalytic interfaces, which are generally buried between the solid support and liquid electrolyte in conventional electrochemical sensing methods. The gas–liquid interfacial reaction method is used to obtain a Cu‐benzenehexathiol (Cu‐BHT) thin film with a flat up‐side surface and synaptic‐like structure on the bottom‐side surface. The effect of surface morphology on the film sensing performance is studied using the prepared Cu‐BHT film‐based on‐chip micro‐biosensor. The bottom‐side surface exhibited significantly higher H2O2 sensing performance than that of the smooth up‐side surface. The synaptic‐like structure has dense crystal defects (ts‐Cu), which act as nanozymes and play an important role in improving the H2O2 sensing performance. This study clarifies the role of crystal defects in Cu‐BHT sensing using the micro‐biosensor and allows the in‐situ study of electrochemical interface of EC‐MOF films during biosensing.
Multistate Tuning of Third Harmonic Generation in Fano‐Resonant Hybrid Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Abdelraouf Omar A. M. , Anthur Aravind P. , Dong Zhaogang , Liu Hailong , Wang Qian , Krivitsky Leonid , Renshaw Wang Xiao , Wang Qi Jie , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing near field confinement and thus high optical nonlinearity by utilizing low loss dielectric rather than relatively high loss metallic resonators. A wider range of applications can be realized if more design dimensions can be provided from material and fabrication perspectives to allow dynamic control of light. Here, tunable third harmonic generation (THG) via hybrid metasurfaces with phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) deposited on top of amorphous silicon metasurfaces is demonstrated. Fano resonance is excited to confine the incident light inside the hybrid metasurfaces, and an experimental quality factor (Q‐factor ≈ 125) is achieved at the fundamental pump wavelength around 1210 nm. Not only the switching between a turn‐on state of Fano resonance in the amorphous state of GST and a turn‐off state in its crystalline state are demonstrated, but also gradual multistate tuning of THG emission at its intermediate states. A high THG conversion efficiency of η = 2.9 × 10−6% is achieved, which is 32 times more than that of a GST‐based Fabry–Pèrot cavity under a similar pump laser power. Experimental results show the potential of exploring GST‐based hybrid dielectric metasurfaces for tunable nonlinear optical devices.
Emulsion‐Templated Poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide) Shells Formed by Thermo‐Enhanced Interfacial Complexation
Authors: Sixdenier Lucas , Tribet Christophe , Marie Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe encapsulation of fragile biomacromolecules is crucial in many biotechnological applications but remains challenging. Interfacial complexation (IC) in water‐in‐oil emulsions proves to be an efficient process for the formation of protective polymer layers at the surface of capsule‐precursor water droplets. In this work, the enhancement of conventional IC by introducing thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) strands in the interfacial polymer layer is described. Surfactant‐polymer IC is implemented in water‐in‐fluorocarbon oil emulsions between a water‐soluble poly(L‐lysine)‐g‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) cationic copolymer (PLL‐g‐PNIPAM) and an oil‐soluble anionic surfactant. Fluorescence imaging demonstrates that the thermal collapse transition of PNIPAM strands, triggered by gentle heating, induces an enrichment of the polymer layer initially formed by IC. Spontaneous co‐precipitation of nanoparticles initially dispersed in the aqueous cores—with no specific treatment—is also achieved upon PNIPAM transition. This process is leveraged to irreversibly segregate these nanoparticles in the interfacial polymer layer, resulting in gel‐like mixed shells. Thermo‐enhancement of conventional IC is thus a promising approach for the straightforward formation, strengthening, and functionalization of capsule shells. As implemented in mild conditions, thermo‐enhanced IC is additionally compatible with the encapsulation of proteins, opening new opportunities for delivery systems of biomacromolecules.
Faster Diffusion of Oxygen Along Dislocations in (La,Sr)MnO3+δ Is a Space‐Charge Phenomenon
Authors: Börgers Jacqueline M. , Kler Joe , Ran Ke , Larenz Elizabeth , Weirich Thomas E. , Dittmann Regina , De Souza Roger A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn displaying accelerated oxygen diffusion along extended defects, (La,Sr)MnO3+δ is an atypical acceptor‐doped perovskite‐type oxide. In this study, 18O/16O diffusion experiments on epitaxial thin films of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3+δ and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are combined to elucidate the origin of this phenomenon for dislocations: Does diffusion occur along dislocation cores or along space‐charge tubes? Transmission electron microscopy studies of the films revealed dislocations extending from the surface. 18O penetration profiles measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry indicated (slow) bulk diffusion and faster diffusion along dislocations. Oxygen tracer diffusivities obtained for temperatures 873 ≤ T [K] ≤ 973 were over two orders of magnitude higher for dislocations than for the bulk. The activation enthalpy of oxygen diffusion along dislocations, of (2.95 ± 0.21) eV, is surprisingly high relative to that for bulk diffusion, (2.67 ± 0.13) eV. This result militates against fast diffusion along dislocation cores. MD simulations confirmed no accelerated migration of oxide ions along dislocation cores. Faster diffusion of oxygen along dislocations in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3+δ is thus concluded to occur within space‐charge tubes in which oxygen vacancies are strongly accumulated. Reasons for and the consequences of space‐charge zones at extended defects in manganite perovskites are discussed.
Modular Type III Porous Liquids Based on Porous Organic Cage Microparticles
Authors: Kai Aiting , Egleston Benjamin D. , Tarzia Andrew , Clowes Rob , Briggs Michael E. , Jelfs Kim E. , Cooper Andrew I. , Greenaway Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dispersion of particulate porous solids in size‐excluded liquids has emerged as a method to create Type III porous liquids, mostly using insoluble microporous materials such as metal–organic frameworks and zeolites. Here, the first examples of Type III porous liquids based on porous organic cages (POCs) are presented. By exploiting the solution processability of the POCs, racemic and quasiracemic cage microparticles are formed by chiral recognition. Dispersion of these porous microparticles in a range of size‐excluded liquids, including oils and ionic liquids, forms stable POC‐based Type III porous liquids. The flexible pairing between the solid POC particles and a carrier liquid allows the formation of a range of compositions, pore sizes, and other physicochemical properties to suit different applications and operating conditions. For example, it is shown that porous liquids with relatively low viscosities or high thermal stability can be produced. A 12.5 wt% Type III porous liquid comprising racemic POC microparticles and an ionic liquid, [BPy][NTf2], shows a CO2 working capacity (104.30 µmol gL−1) that is significantly higher than the neat ionic liquid (37.27 µmol gL−1) between 25 and 100 °C. This liquid is colloidally stable and can be recycled at least ten times without loss of CO2 capacity.