bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A level playing field for migrant entrepreneurs? The legal and policy landscape across EU and OECD countries
Authors: Solano Giacomo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMigrant entrepreneurship has been recognized as a form of integration in the country of destination and a viable alternative of decent and sustainable employment for migrants. Laws and policies can create barriers or support migrants who start a business in the country of destination. Despite their importance, these laws and policies have received scant attention from academic scholarship. By applying the mixed embedded approach, this article analyses the institutional and policy framework for migrant entrepreneurs in European Union (EU) and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and how this framework varies according to the migrants’ individual legal status and gender. In order to do so, this article draws upon the findings of two different studies conducted on the topic. The first one analyses the national institutional framework for migrant entrepreneurs of these countries. The second study consists of a review of measures to foster migrant entrepreneurship in the same sample of countries. On the one hand, this article shows that the institutional framework restricts access to self‐employment for some categories of migrants (e.g. based on their legal status). On the other hand, a wide range of measures are now available to support migrant entrepreneurs. However, these measures treat them as a rather homogeneous group. These findings suggest that the fact that some migrants are less engaged in self‐employment or face more difficulties may be explained by the lack of institutional opportunities and policy support.
Identifying dementia in Down syndrome with the Severe Impairment Battery, Brief Praxis Test and Dementia Scale for People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Wallace E. R. , Harp J. P. , Van Pelt K. L. , Koehl L. M. , Caban‐Holt A. M. , Anderson‐Mooney A. J. , Jicha G. A. , Lightner D. D. , Robertson W. C. , Head E. , Schmitt F. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease. However, many measures regularly used for the detection of dementia in the general population are not suitable for individuals with DS due in part to floor effects. Some measures, including the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), Brief Praxis Test (BPT) and Dementia Scale for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD), have been used in clinical trials and other research with this population. Validity research is limited, particularly regarding the use of such tools for detection of prodromal dementia in the DS population. The current project presents baseline cross‐sectional SIB, BPT and DLD performance in order to characterise their predictive utility in discriminating normal cognition, possible dementia and probable dementia in adult DS.MethodBaseline SIB, BPT and DLD performances from 100 individuals (no dementia = 68, possible dementia = 16 & probable dementia = 16) were examined from a longitudinal cohort of aging individuals with DS. Receiver operating characteristic curves investigated the accuracy of these measures in relation to consensus dementia diagnoses, diagnoses which demonstrated high percent agreement with the examining neurologist's independent diagnostic impression.ResultsThe SIB and BPT exhibited fair discrimination ability for differentiating no/possible versus probable dementia [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.61 and 0.66, respectively]. The DLD exhibited good discrimination ability for differentiating no versus possible/probable dementia (AUC = 0.75) and further demonstrated better performance of the DLD Cognitive subscale compared with the DLD Social subscale (AUC = 0.77 and 0.67, respectively).ConclusionsResults suggest that the SIB, BPT and DLD are able to reasonably discriminate consensus dementia diagnoses in individuals with DS, supporting their continued use in the clinical assessment of dementia in DS. The general performance of these measures suggests that further work in the area of test development is needed to improve on the AUCs for dementia status discrimination in this unique population. At present, however, the current findings suggest that the DLD may be the best option for reliable identification of prodromal dementia in this population, reinforcing the importance of including informant behaviour ratings in assessment of cognition for adults with DS.
Incidence of chest X‐ray abnormalities early in the third trimester of twin pregnancy and its relationship with the subsequent development of preeclampsia
Authors: Yagi Kazunobu , Kawaguchi Haruna , Yamamoto Ryo , Hayashi Shusaku , Ishii Keisuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo clarify the incidence of abnormal findings on chest X‐ray (CXR) early in the third trimester of twin pregnancy and its relationship with the development of preeclampsia and preeclampsia‐related diseases.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted among women with twin pregnancies who underwent chest radiography for preoperative screening early in the third trimester and delivered at our center at >34 weeks' gestation from 2013 to 2017. The primary outcome was the incidence of positive CXR findings, defined either as cardiomegaly or blunting of the costophrenic angle. The secondary outcome was the incidence of maternal complications, including preeclampsia; hemolytic, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet syndrome; eclampsia; cerebrovascular disease; and placental abruption. We evaluated the significance of positive CXR findings, in addition to confounding factors, in the subsequent development of preeclampsia.ResultsDuring the study period, 358 twin pregnancies were identified, and 330 were finally enrolled. The incidence of positive CXR findings was 18.2%. The incidence of preeclampsia in the CXR‐positive group was 36.7% (22/60), which was significantly higher than that in the CXR‐negative group (7.0% [19/270]) (p < 0.01). Moreover, positive CXR findings were independently associated with subsequent preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio: 9.15, 95% confidence interval: 4.13–20.3).ConclusionIn twin pregnancies, the incidence of CXR abnormalities early in the third trimester was 18.2%, even without the development of hypertension. This should be considered a significant risk factor for subsequent preeclampsia.
Morph‐specific investment in testes mass in a trimorphic beetle, Proagoderus watanabei
Authors: Parrett J. M. , Slade E. M. , Knell R. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhen competition between males for mates is intense, it is common to find that some males will adopt alternative tactics for acquiring fertilizations, often involving the use of ‘sneak’ tactics whereby males avoid precopulatory contests. These alternative tactics are sometimes associated with discrete differences in male morphology, with sneak males investing less in weaponry but more in traits such as testes which may give an advantage in sperm competition. In some cases, it appears that males develop into more than two morphs, with a number of examples of tri‐ and even tetramorphic arthropod species being described. Here, we analyse the scaling relations of the dung beetle species Proagoderus watanabei, which expresses two distinct weapon traits: paired head horns and a pronotal horn. We find that males of this species are trimorphic, with alpha males expressing long head horns and a pronotal horn, beta males with long head horns but no pronotal horn and gamma males with short head horns only. We also find that alpha males invest relatively less in testes than do beta or gamma males, indicating that beta and gamma males in this species probably experience higher risks of sperm competition than do alphas.
Prevalence of Candida species in Psoriasis
Authors: Elsner Kevin , Holstein Julia , Hilke Franz Joachim , Blumenstock Gunnar , Walker Birgit , Schmidt Sybille , Schaller Martin , Ghoreschi Kamran , Meier Katharina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis patients are more frequently colonised with Candida species. The correlation between fungal colonisation and clinical severity is unclear, but may exacerbate psoriasis and the impact of antipsoriatic therapies on the prevalence of Candida is unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of C species in psoriasis patients compared to an age‐ and sex‐matched control population, we investigated the influence of Candida colonisation on disease severity, immune cell activation and the interplay on psoriatic treatments.MethodsThe prevalence of C species was examined in 265 psoriasis patients and 200 control subjects by swabs and stool samples for fungal cultures. Peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) were collected from 20 fungal colonised and 24 uncolonised patients and stimulated. The expression of interferon (IFN)‐γ, IL‐17A, IL‐22 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α from stimulated PBMCs was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsA significantly higher prevalence for Candida was detected in psoriatic patients (p ≤ .001) compared to the control subjects; most abundant in stool samples, showing Candida albicans. Older participants (≥51 years) were more frequent colonised, and no correlation with gender, disease severity or systemic treatments like IL‐17 inhibitors was found.ConclusionsAlthough Candida colonisation is significantly more common in patients with psoriasis, it does not influence the psoriatic disease or cytokine response. Our study showed that Candida colonisation is particularly more frequent in patients with psoriasis ≥51 years of age. Therefore, especially this group should be screened for symptoms of candidiasis during treatment with IL‐17 inhibitors.
Modulating eating behavior with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): A systematic literature review on the impact of eating behavior traits
Authors: Beaumont Jordan D. , Smith Natalie C. , Starr David , Davis Danielle , Dalton Michelle , Nowicky Alexander , Russell Mark , Barwood Martin J. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is becoming an increasingly popular technique for altering eating behaviors. Recent research suggests a possible eating behavior trait‐dependent effect of tDCS. However, studies recruit participant populations with heterogeneous trait characteristics, including “healthy” individuals who do not present with eating behavior traits suggesting susceptibility to overconsumption. The present review considers the effects of tDCS across eating‐related measures and explores whether a trait‐dependent effect is evident across the literature. A literature search identified 28 articles using sham‐controlled tDCS to modify eating‐related measures. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed, with subgroup analyses to identify differences between “healthy” and trait groups. Trivial overall effects (g = −0.12 to 0.09) of active versus sham tDCS were found. Subgroup analyses showed a more consistent effect for trait groups, with small and moderate effect size (g = −1.03 to 0.60), suggesting tDCS is dependent on participants' eating behavior traits. Larger effect sizes were found for those displaying traits associated with study outcomes (e.g., heightened food cravings). “Healthy” individuals appear to be unresponsive to stimulation. Based on this meta data, future work should recruit those with eating behavior trait susceptibilities to overconsumption, focusing on those who present with traits associated with the outcome of interest.
Technical and Economic Evaluation on the Integrated Heating System With Coupled Heat Pump and Backpressure Turbine
Authors: Wei Shuzhou , Wang Jinxing , Song Haiwen , Zhou Xing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The increasing depletion of fossil energy and the gradual aggravation of environmental pollution have increased the necessity of renewable energy applications. However, the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy power generation need to increase the flexibility of the original coal-fired power unit for balancing the supply and demand of the power system. In this work, two 350 MWe condensing units (CUs) were taken as examples and the thermodynamic simulation models were built by the ebsilon software to evaluate their technical and economic characteristics. At the same time, the system is coupled with heat pump (HP) and backpressure turbine (BT) for heating. Among them, the rated steam intake of HP is 194.9 t/h, and the rated steam intake of BT is 214.5 t/h. Results show that under the same requirements, the energy consumption with the backpressure turbine priority principle (BTtlp principle) is smaller than that with the heat pump priority principle (HPtlp principle). However, under the same thermal load conditions, the electrical load with the HPtlp principle can drop lower than that with the BTtlp principle. Meanwhile, there is an optimization interval for the output distribution of HP and BT. From the energy current diagram, it can be found that under the design main steam and given thermal load condition, the power generation efficiency of coupled mode is 0.74% more than that of HP mode and is 1.93% more than that of direct mode, while under the given thermal and electrical load condition, the system’s boiler output with direct mode is 3.37% more than that with HP mode and is 5.34% more than that with coupled mode. This provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent comprehensive evaluation of heating reformation.
Combined Experimental/Finite Element Investigation of Transverse Barrel Movement
Authors: Leonhardt David , Garnich Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transverse barrel movement was measured during the firing of a Ruger Precision Rifle chambered in 6.5 Creedmoor. The use of laser vibrometers enabled high-speed measurement at good resolution during the projectile in-bore transient. Lateral vibrations have been broken into constituents based on source using a combination of experiments and finite element modeling. Individual contributors to overall vibration discussed include firing pin impact, primer ignition, and the combined load of combustion gas pressure and projectile–bore interaction. Good correlation was obtained between barrel motion in the vertical plane and model predictions during the in-bore period. It was concluded that action of the firing pin and primer impulse contribute significantly to the overall dynamic response of the barrel.
A Geometric Approach for Error Space Estimation of Planar Linkage
Authors: Ding Jianzhong , Wang Chunjie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article develops a geometric method to estimate the clearances-induced error space of any planar linkage. The error space discussed here represents the unconstrained mobility of the end-effector when actuators of the mechanism are locked, and is expressed by a connected geometry in 3-dimensional Euclidean frame {x, y, θ}. First, error space of the planar mechanism is modeled and closed-form expressions are derived. Then, levels of joints in error propagation analysis are defined and illustrated with an example of a eight-bar linkage, following which error propagation path among closed-loop structures is given. The modeling of error propagation and accumulation is introduced in detail. Moreover, a simplification technique is discussed for simple expression of the error space propagated from previous joints. This study provides a way to have a deep insight into the accuracy performance of any planar linkage and the proposed error space evaluation method is validated by case study of error space estimation of a four-bar linkage and a six-bar linkage. For the four-bar linkage, the structure with optimal accuracy is obtained. And for the six-bar linkage, the error space of the end-effector is expressed in closed form and visualized in the 3-dimensional frame. Finally, this work is concluded and advances of the proposed method are emphasized.
A Novel Approach With Bayesian Networks to Multi-Robot Task Allocation in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Chuang Ching-Wei , Cheng Harry H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the modern world, building an autonomous multi-robot system is essential to coordinate and control robots to help humans because using several low-cost robots becomes more robust and efficient than using one expensive, powerful robot to execute tasks to achieve the overall goal of a mission. One research area, multi-robot task allocation (MRTA), becomes substantial in a multi-robot system. Assigning suitable tasks to suitable robots is crucial in coordination, which may directly influence the result of a mission. In the past few decades, although numerous researchers have addressed various algorithms or approaches to solve MRTA problems in different multi-robot systems, it is still difficult to overcome certain challenges, such as dynamic environments, changeable task information, miscellaneous robot abilities, the dynamic condition of a robot, or uncertainties from sensors or actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle MRTA problems with Bayesian Networks (BNs) under these challenging circumstances. Our experiments exhibit that the proposed approach may effectively solve real problems in a search-and-rescue mission in centralized, decentralized, and distributed multi-robot systems with real, low-cost robots in dynamic environments. In the future, we will demonstrate that our approach is trainable and can be utilized in a large-scale, complicated environment. Researchers might be able to apply our approach to other applications to explore its extensibility.
A Review of Design-Related Literature Concerning Cognitive Processes, Prototyping Strategies, and Modeling Processes
Authors: Murphy Alexander R. , Watson Bryan C. , Tomko Megan E. , Hilton Ethan C. , Linsey Julie S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In industry and academia, designers and engineers use prototyping at various stages in the design process to evaluate progress, archive process, assess viability, and communicate mental models to a team. Cognitive processes not only play a huge role during the design process, but also have causal relationships with various prototyping strategies. However, these causal relationships are not well understood in the design field. This paper presents a review of design-field literature related to cognitive processes, prototyping strategies, and modeling processes to identify literature consensus, consolidate experimental results, and expose gaps in the literature. After analysis of the literature, Fixation, Team Cognition, Iterative Prototyping, and Rapid Prototyping are the most well researched areas, especially when compared to their effects on cognitive processes. Sunk Cost, Requirement Relaxation, and Expertise are areas that could be better understood. The relationships between relevant cognitive processes, prototyping strategies, and modeling processes are consolidated into a data visualization that invites researchers and novices alike to explore the field of design in a fresh way that could spark new research endeavors or provoke interest in the field. This literature review and analysis reveals trends in design research through a novel approach with an emphasis on cognition, as well as provides a consolidated cannon of work that gives a sense of what has already been done on these topics and what is still left to explore.
Approximate Real-Time Force Spectroscopy Within Amplitude-Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy Topographical Imaging Using Few Harmonics and Fourier Methods
Authors: Uluutku Berkin , Solares Santiago D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Quantitative measurement of the probe-sample interaction forces as a function of distance and time during imaging has been at the forefront of atomic force microscopy (AFM) research. This type of information is extremely valuable for understanding the material response to a variety of stimuli and interactions, such as mechanical deformations that vary in magnitude and rate of application, chemical interactions, or electromagnetic interactions. A variety of methods for performing such measurements simultaneously with topographical imaging is available, including methods based on Fourier analysis. Within these methods, reconstruction of the tip-sample force curve generally requires measurement of a large number of harmonics of the probe oscillation, which presents challenges such as the need for specialized hardware, low signal-to-noise ratio, and the need for extensive user expertise. In this paper, we present a simple method to perform a Gaussian-model-based fit of the tip-sample force curve across the surface, simultaneously with imaging, which requires measurement of only the first two or three harmonics for elastic materials. While such an approach only offers an approximate representation of the force curve, it can be highly accurate and fast, and has low instrumentation requirements, such that it can be relatively simple to implement on most commercial AFM setups.
Local Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Racing Vehicles Based on the Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree Algorithm
Authors: Tramacere Eugenio , Luciani Sara , Feraco Stefano , Circosta Salvatore , Khan Irfan , Bonfitto Angelo , Amati Nicola 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a local trajectory planning method based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm using Dubins curves for autonomous racing vehicles. The purpose of the investigated method is the real-time computation of a trajectory that could be feasible in autonomous driving. The vehicle is considered as a three Degree-of-Freedom bicycle model and a Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm is implemented to control the lateral and longitudinal vehicle dynamics. The trajectory planning algorithm exploits a perception pipeline using a LiDAR sensor that is mounted onto the front wing of the racing vehicle. The MPC computes the acceleration/ deceleration command and the front wheel steering angle to follow the predicted trajectory. The trajectory and control algorithms are tested on real data acquisition performed on-board the vehicle. For validation purposes, the vehicle is driven autonomously during different maneuvers performed in the racing environment that is structured with traffic cones. The feasibility of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of error with respect to the planned trajectory, tracking velocity and maximum longitudinal acceleration. The effectiveness of the method is also evaluated with respect to command signals for the steering and acceleration actuators featured by the retained racing vehicle. The results demonstrate that the trajectory is well-tracked and the signals are compatible with the actuator constraints.
Open-Loop Control Co-Design of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Using Linear Parameter-Varying Models
Authors: Sundarrajan Athul K. , Lee Yong Hoon , Allison James T. , Herber Daniel R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses a framework to design elements of the plant and control systems for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) in an integrated manner using linear parameter-varying models. Multiple linearized models derived from high-fidelity software are used to model the system in different operating regions characterized by the incoming wind speed. The combined model is then used to generate open-loop optimal control trajectories as part of a nested control co-design strategy that explores the system’s stability and power production in the context of crucial plant and control design decisions. A cost model is developed for the FOWT system, and the effect of plant decisions and subsequent power and stability response of the FOWT is quantified in terms of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for that system. The results show that the stability constraints and the plant design decisions affect the turbine’s power and, subsequently, LCOE of the system. The results indicate that a lighter plant in terms of mass can produce the same power for a lower LCOE while still satisfying the constraints.