bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic compaction of crushed concrete fill, full-scale test at Jätkäsaari, Helsinki
Authors: Anttila S , Forsman J , Rantala K , Dettenborn T , Suominen M , Lehtonen J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concrete waste in the form of crushed concrete can be utilized in street and road structures. Today, a significant amount of concrete waste generated by various demolition and other activities is not fully utilized in infrastructure projects within Helsinki; as a result, a portion of concrete waste generated in the city is be transported to other sites outside the Helsinki metropolitan area. In Helsinki, large-scale land reclamation projects have been implemented, and this trend will continue in the near future. Utilization of concrete waste as fill material in land reclamation projects will reduce the need to transport concrete waste outside the Helsinki metropolitan area, with a concurrent reduction in need to transport blasted rock to the land reclamation sites. This will promote reuse and recycling of waste and will reduce heavy traffic and CO2 emissions. Crushed concrete has not been previously tested in Finland as a fill material in land reclamation projects subjected to deep compaction methods. In 2018-2019 suitability of crushed concrete for land reclamation purposes was tested in a full-scale dynamic compaction test. The objective of the test was to assess the degree of compaction produced by dynamic compaction, determine the compression rate of compacted layers under pre-loading embankment, and measure environmental impacts of the fill material. The pilot structure was implemented in Tritoninpuisto (Triton Park) located in the southern part of Jatkasaari. Crushed concrete with varying grain size was compacted using the dynamic compaction method. All materials compacted well. Results of the pilot study indicate that dynamic compaction can be applied to densify crushed concrete fill material for land reclamation. Settlement plates on the top and the bottom of the pilot structure were used to monitor short-term settlement during dynamic compaction and long-term settlement after completion of the work. Long-term settlement was minor after compaction and placement of a pre-loading embankment. Implemented study has indicated that compacted crushed concrete is a suitable material for land reclamation in street and park areas.
A new stress-dilatancy framework for the modelling of rocks and rock masses
Authors: Tsegaye A B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is known that the stress-dilatancy behaviour of soils and rock masses is an integral aspect of their deformation behaviour; and that stress-dilatancy relations for soils and rocks and rock masses have strong similarities. However, when stress-dilatancy relations tuned for soils are directly adopted in constitutive models for rocks and rock masses without due consideration for differences in their yielding characteristics, some unintended assumptions are carried over. This has consequences on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the predicted stress-strain behaviour. In this paper, a new stress-dilatancy relation tuned towards the modelling of deformation behaviour of rocks and rock masses is presented. The formulation is established in both plane strain and full 3D and accommodates both loading and unloading in shear and effect possible non-coaxiality between eigen directions of plastic strain increments and stresses.
Models for predicting the suction of heaving compacted soils using geotechnical properties
Authors: Fondjo Armand Augustin , Theron Elizabeth , Ray Richard P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Soil suction is the major property that controls the behaviour of unsaturated soils. Suction estimation is challenging both in the lab and the field. Various instruments to measure the suction have been developed with the recent technological advancements. Nonetheless, there are still limitations in regards to the reliability, cost, suction range, accessibility, scope of activity, and appropriateness for use either within the field or lab settings. The filter paper method is probably the simplest procedure to measure the suction for the entire range both in the field and the lab. Nevertheless, the procedure takes time. To alleviate the requirement for conducting this test, it becomes imperative to develop mathematical predictive models for soil suction. In this study, a detailed survey was carried out across the Free State province, South Africa, and sampling points identified. Samples were tested for their geotechnical properties. The influence of the geotechnical properties on soil suction was studied. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out utilizing MINITAB 18 program to develop the mathematical predictive models.
Disruption, innovation, and opportunity with reinforced soil structures
Authors: Hoffman Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Reinforced soil is an area where amazing opportunity remains. Its failures have been embarrassing and disruptive, even catastrophic, for companies and governments. After reviewing design methods (i.e., limit, stiffness, and granular stability), this paper describes four areas of innovation and opportunity:
• Optimal Stiffness — fiberglass and aramid
• Stabilization of Poor Quality Fills — non-woven geosynthetics
• Friction Connections and Facing Pressure — steel grids
• Strips versus Sheets — geosynthetic strips
The two common construction types (i.e., steel strips, geosynthetic grids or sheets) represent only 25% or two out of eight possibilities discussed. This paper explains why the other six construction types, or 75%, are promising if not better.
Do the standards need modifications? A proposal for geotechnical stability safety factor of breakwater
Authors: Mollaert J , Tavallali A , Maertens J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In different countries and continent, different standards are followed for geotechnical stability safety factors of breakwaters which are not exactly in the same line. Parties involved in breakwater design and construction projects might follow different procedures/standards (load cases to be analysed and the acceptable safety factor). It is a fact that a clear table that shows the acceptable safety factors for different load cases is not clearly presented in the standards. So the aim is to provide a proposal that covers all the standards. In this paper, four guidelines/standards of “Rock Manual”, “US Army Corps of Engineers”, “Eurocodes” and “ROM” are reviewed. Based on the mentioned standards and some considerations a table that shows the acceptable safety factors for different load cases is presented. Another concerns is that the actual more powerful and advanced calculation software allows to find the results with less uncertainty compared to the formerly applied methods. It means that lower safety factors in comparison to the old methods can be applied and accepted with the recent software. The aim of the paper is presenting a procedure for the slope stability safety factors in order to reduce the amount of discussions and disagreements that of course come from the interpretations of different standards. Furthermore, reduced slope stability safety factors for different load cases are proposed.
A numerical assessment of jetty side support system
Authors: Elgamal Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Steel sheet piles are amongst the most common kinds of quay walls used in the construction of port and harbor facilities. These are used most often for the birth of small crafts that have limited dimensions and capacity. An increasing number of berths require upgrades because of the growing market in marine traffic around the world, as well as continuously increasing dimensions and vessel capacities. A number of methods can be used to increase the steel sheet pile wall’s load-carrying capacity, including the use of double sheets with intermediate tie rods. This case study aims to evaluate the use of PLAXIS 3D to check system safety and to ensure sufficient capacity to withstand seismic design forces.
Towards the modelling of uplift resistance of skirted offshore mudmat foundations
Authors: Tsegaye A B , Gloppestad J S , Bendzovski R , Giese S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A well-planned retrieval or removal operation of deep-water subsea foundations, such as mudmats, resting on soft soil requires estimation of the uplift forces required for the execution of the retrieval. In this paper, mathematical functions that are tuned to describe the uplift resistance due to skirt-soil friction and suction are proposed. Furthermore, possible benefit from inclined pull is deduced.
Detection of Defects in Bored Piles By Non-Destructive Methods On LRT Construction Site
Authors: Zhussupbekov Askar , Shakirova Nurgul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents the detection of defects in bored piles with cross-section 1.2÷1.5 m and length 1÷53 m. PIT and Cross-hole Sonic Logging (CSL) methods were used to detect defects in piles. These works were carried out in the city of Nur-Sultan on LRT construction site. Integrity inspections performed after installation are often the most reasonable alternative available to assess the pile quality. This paper discusses the similarities and differences, also advantages and disadvantages. Both Cross-hole Sonic logging and impact echo integrity testing indicated defects in several pile. Subsequent coring confirmed these defects. The results of the two test methods are presented and compared with each other.
Foundations for light structures
Authors: Mets M , Leppik V , Mussatova J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to developments in soil mechanics, the price of foundations for ordinary structures has decreased to 5 to 10 per cent of the overall price of the building, but it still remains relatively high, sometimes exceeding 30 %. In Estonia, this issue has been relevant for the past years. The first solution was to use wedged piles under agricultural buildings (barns, storage units etc). As a result, the concrete content of foundations decreased 30 to 60 %, and the rate of steel use went up by 50 %. Currently the cooperation between wedged piles and grillage is being researched, with the objective of lowering the price of foundations. ln weak soils, 2-8 m injection piles have been used under private houses, holiday homes and storage structures, but one can save in the cost of foundations that way. Light structures and storage units have often been erected on screw piles (the steel pipe of the pile 100x100x6 filled with concrete, the pile end a steel sheet 15-20 mm thick and (depending on load bearing capacity) 25-60 cm in diameter. These piles can receive pressure as tension and if designed with the cooperation of piles and grillage in mind, the cost of foundations will decrease 50-60%. All of these solutions have been in use in Estonian silt and sands, the screw piles also in weak soils, where they stand on the dense intermediary layers alternating in weak soils.
Advances in Quality Control Methods for Bored Pile and Diaphragm Wall Foundations with Case Histories
Authors: Hannigan P.J. , Piscsalko G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Higher loads on deep foundations and more stringent deep foundation performance requirements have increased the need for improved quality control methods. To satisfy the design intent, the as-built shape, vertical alignment, base cleanliness, cage alignment, concrete cover, and concrete integrity are all important. Several new or improved quality control methods are available to check these considerations on bored pile and diaphragm wall foundations. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in quality control devices along with condensed case histories illustrating their use and project application.
Methadone bioavailability and dose conversion implications with intravenous and enteral administration: A scoping review
Authors: Liu JiTong , Smith Kathryn E , Riker Richard R , Craig Wendy Y , McKelvy Dina J , Kemp Heather D , Nichols Stephanie D , Fraser Gilles L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Despite its availability for more than 70 years, many details concerning methadone remain contentious, such as the dosing equivalents for intravenous and enteral administration. A scoping review was performed to evaluate whether existing literature on methadone bioavailability in human subjects support the current recommendation that an equivalent enteral dose is twice the intravenous dose.

Methods
A librarian-assisted search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases identified all English-language articles with the terms methadone and bioavailability and/or conversion in the title or abstract published from inception though December 2019. A manual search of references was also performed to identify any additional articles. Studies were included in a scoping review if they were published in English and evaluated methadone bioavailability in human subjects.

Results
Among 65 publications initially identified, 6 studies involving a total of 50 patients were included in the review. Bioavailability data for healthy volunteers and patients with opioid use disorder, metastatic cancer, chronic pain from malignant or nonmalignant disease were available for analysis. The pooled mean (95% confidence interval) bioavailability (F) was 85.4% (75.2%-95.6%), with heterogeneity (I2) of 0. In the 4 studies that provided individual patient–level data, F was &gt;50% in 40 of 42 patient measurements (95.2%) and ≥75% in 33 of 42 patient measurements (78.6%).

Conclusion
Available evidence suggests the bioavailability of methadone is generally more than 75%, there is limited evidence for the currently recommended 1:2 ratio (intravenous:enteral), and a more appropriate dosing ratio may be 1:1.3. This scoping review underscores the need for further research to establish an effective and safe ratio when converting between intravenous and enteral dosing formulations of methadone.
Children’s Knowledge of Multiple Word Meanings: Which Factors Count and For Whom?
Authors: Booton Sophie A , Wonnacott Elizabeth , Hodgkiss Alex , Mathers Sandra , Murphy Victoria A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Most common words in English have multiple different meanings, but relatively little is known about why children grasp some meanings better than others. This study aimed to examine how variables at the child-level, wordform-level, and meaning-level impact knowledge of words with multiple meanings. In this study, 174 children aged 5- to 9-years-old completed a test of homonym knowledge, and measures of non-verbal intelligence and language background were collected. Psycholinguistic features of the wordforms tested were assessed through collecting adult ratings, corpus coding, and using existing databases. Logistic mixed effects models revealed that whilst the frequency of wordforms contributed to children’s knowledge, so also did dominance and imageability of the separate meanings of the word. Predictors were similar for children with English as an Additional Language and English as a first language. This greater understanding of why some word meanings are known better than others has significant implications for vocabulary learning.
Discovery of a novel linc01125 isoform in serum exosomes as a promising biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and survival assessment
Authors: Xian Jianfeng , Zeng Yuyuan , Chen Shizhen , Lu Liming , Liu Li , Chen Jinbin , Rao Boqi , Zhao Zhuxiang , Liu Jun , Xie Chenli , Zhu Lingling , Zhang Duo , Qiu Fuman , Lu Jiachun , Yang Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA non-invasive method to distinguish potential lung cancer patients would improve lung cancer prevention. We employed the RNA-sequencing analysis to profile serum exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and pneumonia controls, and then determined the diagnostic and prognostic value of a promising lncRNA in four datasets. We identified 90 dysregulated lncRNAs for NSCLC and found the most significant lncRNA was a novel isoform of linc01125. Serum exosomal linc01125 could distinguish NSCLC cases from disease-free and tuberculosis controls, with the area under the curve values as 0.662 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.614–0.711] and 0.624 (95% CI = 0.522–0.725), respectively. High expression of exosomal linc01125 was also correlated with an unfavorable overall survival of NSCLC (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.05–2.08). Clinic treatment decreased serum exosomal linc01125 in NSCLC patients (P = 0.036). Linc01125 functions to inhibit cancer growth and metastasis via acting as a competing endogenous RNA to up-regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) expression by sponging miR-19b-3p. Notably, the oncogenic transformation of 16HBE led to decreased linc01125 in cells but increased linc01125 in cell-derived exosomes. The expression of linc01125 in total exosomes was highly correlated with that in tumor-associated exosomes in serum. Moreover, lung cancer cells were capable of releasing linc01125 into exosomes in vitro and in vivo. Our analyses suggest serum exosomal linc01125 as a promising biomarker for non-invasively diagnosing NSCLC and predicting the prognosis of NSCLC.
Alzheimer’s Pathology Is Associated with Dedifferentiation of Intrinsic Functional Memory Networks in Aging
Authors: Cassady Kaitlin E , Adams Jenna N , Chen Xi , Maass Anne , Harrison Theresa M , Landau Susan , Baker Suzanne , Jagust William 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In presymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and tau tangles accumulate in distinct spatiotemporal patterns within the brain, tracking closely with episodic memory decline. Here, we tested whether age-related changes in the segregation of the brain’s intrinsic functional episodic memory networks—anterior-temporal (AT) and posterior-medial (PM) networks—are associated with the accumulation of Aβ, tau, and memory decline using fMRI and PET. We found that AT and PM networks were less segregated in older than that in younger adults and this reduced specialization was associated with more tau and Aβ in the same regions. The effect of network dedifferentiation on memory depended on the amount of Aβ and tau, with low segregation and pathology associated with better performance at baseline and low segregation and high pathology related to worse performance over time. This pattern suggests a compensation phase followed by a degenerative phase in the early, preclinical phase of AD.
Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Healthcare Workers in Kenya
Authors: Etyang Anthony O , Lucinde Ruth , Karanja Henry , Kalu Catherine , Mugo Daisy , Nyagwange James , Gitonga John , Tuju James , Wanjiku Perpetual , Karani Angela , Mutua Shadrack , Maroko Hosea , Nzomo Eddy , Maitha Eric , Kamuri Evanson , Kaugiria Thuranira , Weru Justus , Ochola Lucy B , Kilimo Nelson , Charo Sande , Emukule Namdala , Moracha Wycliffe , Mukabi David , Okuku Rosemary , Ogutu Monicah , Angujo Barrack , Otiende Mark , Bottomley Christian , Otieno Edward , Ndwiga Leonard , Nyaguara Amek , Voller Shirine , Agoti Charles N , Nokes David James , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella , Aman Rashid , Amoth Patrick , Mwangangi Mercy , Kasera Kadondi , Ng’ang’a Wangari , Adetifa Ifedayo M O , Wangeci Kagucia E , Gallagher Katherine , Uyoga Sophie , Tsofa Benjamin , Barasa Edwine , Bejon Philip , Scott J Anthony G , Agweyu Ambrose , Warimwe George M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Few studies have assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Africa. We report findings from a survey among HCWs in 3 counties in Kenya.

Methods
We recruited 684 HCWs from Kilifi (rural), Busia (rural), and Nairobi (urban) counties. The serosurvey was conducted between 30 July and 4 December 2020. We tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 92.7 (95% CI, 87.9-96.1) and 99.0% (95% CI, 98.1-99.5), respectively. We adjusted prevalence estimates, using bayesian modeling to account for assay performance.

Results
The crude overall seroprevalence was 19.7% (135 of 684). After adjustment for assay performance, seroprevalence was 20.8% (95% credible interval, 17.5%–24.4%). Seroprevalence varied significantly (P &lt; .001) by site: 43.8% (95% credible interval, 35.8%–52.2%) in Nairobi, 12.6% (8.8%–17.1%) in Busia and 11.5% (7.2%–17.6%) in Kilifi. In a multivariable model controlling for age, sex, and site, professional cadre was not associated with differences in seroprevalence.

Conclusion
These initial data demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs in Kenya. There was significant variation in seroprevalence by region, but not by cadre.
Personalized teleprehabilitation in elective cardiac surgery: a study protocol of the Digital Cardiac Counselling randomized controlled trial
Authors: Scheenstra Bart , Mohansingh Chanu , Bongers Bart C , Dahmen Sandra , Wouters Yvonne I M S , Lenssen Ton F , Geerlings Phil , Knols Henriette F M , van Kuijk Sander M J , Kimman Merel L , Nieman Maxime , Maessen Jos G , van’t Hof Arnoud W J , Peyman Sardari Nia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
Previous research has shown the possibility to use the pre-operative period to improve a patient’s tolerance for surgery. However, there is limited experience with prehabilitation in cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a comprehensive personalized teleprehabilitation programme on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery. Secondary outcomes are post-operative complications, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.

Methods and results
In this single-centre randomized controlled trial, patients are eligible for inclusion when they are ≥18 years of age and cardiac surgery is scheduled at least 8 weeks from informed consent. Participants will be randomized to the teleprehabilitation group or the control group. After a digital baseline screening for perioperative risk factors, patients in the intervention arm can pre-operatively be referred to one or more of the prehabilitation modules (functional exercise training, inspiratory muscle training, psychological support, nutritional support, and/or smoking cessation). The programme is targeted at a duration of at least 6 weeks. It is executed by a multidisciplinary team using (video)calls and supported by a custom-made digital platform. During the pre-operative period, the platform is also used to inform patients about their upcoming surgery and for telemonitoring.

Conclusion
Reducing perioperative risk factors might result in a reduction of MACE, post-operative complications, length of stay, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as improved quality of life. Cost-effectiveness will be evaluated.