bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receiving Aquinas’ Sacramental Theology Today
Authors: Blankenhorn Bernhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe chapter surveys trends in sacramental theology that aid or impede a recovery of Aquinas’ sacramental doctrine: the twentieth-century liturgical movement, patristic ressourcement, the emergence of highly specialized liturgical studies, the influence of Heidegger, and the renewal of biblical studies. Some preliminary steps for a sound interpretation of Aquinas’ sacramental theology are considered: attentiveness to writings other than the Summa theologiae, awareness of the link between Trinitarian doctrine and the theology of grace, and a proper integration of Aquinas’ Christology, especially his patristic approach to the mysteries of Christ. Aquinas’ thought includes a theology of worship linked with a holistic anthropology and a rich vision of the moral life (virtue ethics). The chapter concludes with a focus on some of the original elements of Thomas’s Eucharistic theology and shows how it can meet contemporary philosophical and pastoral concerns.
Sixteenth-Century Reformed Reception of Aquinas
Authors: Sytsma David S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe knowledge of Aquinas’ works among Reformed authors of the sixteenth century varies widely from those, such as John Calvin, who rarely cite him, to Peter Martyr Vermigli, who received a doctorate in the via antiqua at Padua and drew heavily on Thomas even after his conversion to Reformed Protestantism. Martin Bucer initiates a trend in the 1530s of placing Thomas among the ‘sounder scholastics’ on account of his Augustinian soteriology. Leading Reformed theologians follow Bucer’s terminology and comparatively positive estimate of Thomas, even while polemicizing against medieval scholasticism and perceived Pelagian tendencies within late medieval theology. By the end of the sixteenth century Reformed theologians regularly cite Thomas favourably, albeit also eclectically. Aquinas’ influence on nascent Reformed orthodoxy, and to a lesser extent earlier theologians, is evident on a wide variety of topics, including prolegomena, biblical hermeneutics, the doctrine of God, predestination, humanity, free will, natural law, and Christology.
Disrupting Media and Politics
Authors: Schultz Julianne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores how, as the traditional media has become weaker due to digital disruption, falling profitability, and audience fragmentation, the political ecosystem in Australia has also eroded. Significant job losses have reduced the scale of public interest journalism, and the frantic attention-seeking of the 24-hour news cycle has contributed to a perception of chaos in politics. This is manifest in frequent changes of prime minister outside the electoral cycle, and in polarization of opinion and comment online and in traditional media designed to increase impact. Commercial media has long embraced a quasi-institutional role and been happy to use this stature, but has resisted external regulation. Self-regulation of the press and institutional oversight of broadcasting self-regulation are relatively weak; social media and online platforms are not regulated; and the implied right to freedom of political speech, the bedrock of the media’s unique political role, was only ‘found’ by the High Court in 1997. This chapter argues that effective regulation, which addresses the needs of citizens as well as consumers, and other interventions including strengthening public broadcasting and securing legislative (even constitutional) recognition of the democratic value of media freedom are required to invigorate a robust political ecosystem.
Policy Learning in the Australian Public Service
Authors: Stark Alastair 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ways in which the Australian Public Service (APS) learns about public policy. The chapter has four sections. First, it presents a typology of policy-learning that can be used to organize research into the policy-learning capacities of a national bureaucracy. Second, it outlines a range of policy-learning successes that can be attributed to the APS and characterizes them using the typology. Third, the chapter examines several long-running criticisms of the APS that seem to be apposite to its capacity to learn lessons in the future. These are also characterized in relation to the typology. Finally, evidence of the APS’s strengths and weaknesses is weighed up in a conclusion, which culminates with an argument that the service’s key strength is its capacity to effectively produce large amounts of ‘single-loop’ and ‘instrumental’ types of policy-learning.
The Field and Study of Deliberative Democracy in Australia
Authors: Hendriks Carolyn M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Australia is recognized globally as an important hub for the study and practice of deliberative democracy. Both a normative and practical project, the field of deliberative democracy aims to improve the quality and inclusivity of public reasoning in collective decision-making. This chapter explores deliberative democracy in Australia from two angles. First, it discusses how a nation typically characterized by its adversarial and more majoritarian democratic system has become a significant international hotspot for scholars and practitioners of deliberative democracy. Second, the chapter examines how deliberative democracy has been applied as a lens to empirically study aspects of Australian politics. There is, the author argues, much more work for deliberative democrats to undertake in the Australian context, particularly in assessing and strengthening the deliberative capacity of the nation’s key political institutions.
Political Leadership
Authors: Strangio Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Political leadership has traditionally been a relatively minor subfield in Australian political science, notwithstanding the fact that biography has long been a staple for investigating leaders. In common with other comparable democracies, however, the early twenty-first century has witnessed a surge of activity in leadership studies. This chapter explores this intensified research endeavour, identifies its catalysts, delineates and surveys the major currents of that scholarship, and points out its limitations. Among the currents of recent leadership research the chapter surveys are: the belated emergence of debates on the theme of leadership centralization; the hardy perennials of biography and memoir; theoretical borrowings from United States presidential literature; gender and leadership; and leadership rhetoric.
Referral for Imaging in Physical Therapist Practice: Key Recommendations for Successful Implementation
Authors: Keil Aaron Paul , Hazle Charles , Maurer Amma , Kittleson Connie , Watson Daniel , Young Brian , Rezac Scott , Epsley Scott , Baranyi Brian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the use of diagnostic imaging in physical therapist practice in the United States has gained considerable interest. In several countries around the world and in the US military, patient direct referral for diagnostic imaging has been considered normative practice for decades. US physical therapy program accreditation standards now stipulate that diagnostic imaging content must be included in physical therapist educational curricula. The American Physical Therapy Association has made efforts to pursue practice authority for imaging referral. A recent review of state practice acts and other statutory language concluded that many states have no prohibitions against physical therapists referring for imaging studies. Additionally, physical therapists can now pursue certification as musculoskeletal sonographers. In light of these advances, and with a growing number of physical therapists serving patients who have not yet seen another health care provider, it may be helpful for those who have been actively involved in the use of imaging in physical therapist practice to provide their collective recommendations to serve as a guideline to those interested in incorporating this practice privilege. The purpose of this perspective article is to provide an overview of the key elements necessary for effective implementation of referral for imaging in physical therapist practice while emphasizing the cornerstone of effective communication.
Benefits of implementation of preoperative education classes for hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Pelkowski Jessica N. , Yoon Saunjoo L. , Adams Sharon 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Optimal patient outcomes after orthopaedic surgery rely on cooperative efforts of patients as well as performance of the care team. The purpose of this project was to design and implement a preoperative education class for patients to meet patient expectations, reduce anxiety regarding surgery, and reduce postoperative phone calls.

Methods:
This study implemented cross-sectional questionnaires and chart reviews for patients in an orthopaedic group in Florida. Enrollment in a preoperative education class was optional for all patients undergoing partial or total primary or revision knee or hip arthroplasty. There were two groups of participants (n1=50, n2=50). The joint education group completed the class and provided feedback, while the comparison group elected not to take the class. Postoperative phone calls from both groups were compared. Variables included gender, diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, and availability of a support group.

Results:
The average numbers of phone calls to the office were 2.84 and 5.67 between surgery and the first postoperative visit (x̄=25.18 days and x̄=20.12 days) in the joint education group and the comparison group, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed P=0.011. Ninety percent of participants reported reduction in anxiety regarding surgery regardless of diagnosis of anxiety or depression.

Conclusions:
The preoperative education class resulted in alleviation of surgery-related anxiety. The number of patient phone calls to the office were fewer in the joint education group compared with the comparison group, which suggested better understanding about anticipated postoperative experience. The class provided benefits for patients, healthcare providers, and the clinic.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Investigating the effect of innovative storing-restoring hybrid passive ankle-foot orthosis on braking and propulsion impulse of walking in drop-foot patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Pourhoseingholi Ensieh , Kamali Mohammad , Saeedi Hassan 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Drop foot is a disorder that is characterized by reduction in speed and the patients’ inability to propel the paretic side, which disrupts the walking patterns. Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are widely prescribed in these patients in order to facilitate their leg propulsion and foot clearance during the swing phase. The purpose of this study was to use the correlation between effect of innovative AFO on braking and propulsion impulse and speed, in order to interpret the innovative AFO’s influence on the paretic and nonparetic side in drop-foot patients.

Methods:
Ten participants with drop foot walked at their self-selected speed, in order to collect the kinetic and kinematic data. The anteroposterior ground reaction force (GRF) components were extracted from the decomposition method with an innovative storing-restoring hybrid passive AFO and compared with baseline shoes only for both paretic and nonparetic sides.

Results:
There is a strong correlation between the innovative AFO speed and the anteroposterior component of GRF. After that, correlation was found between anteroposterior GRF and the storing-restoring hybrid passive AFO in comparison with baseline shoes only in both the paretic and nonparetic sides.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a strong correlation during walking between speed and the propulsion and braking impulses of the anteroposterior component of GRF on both sides.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Comparing indirect decompression using elastic nails versus curettage, bone graft substitute, and intramedullary stabilization for the management of unicameral bone cysts in skeletally immature patients: a retrospective case series study
Authors: El Masry Ayman Mohammad , Elkhateeb Tameem Mohamed , Azmy Sherif Ishak , Abdelkader Saad Gad 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Unicameral bone cysts account for 20% of benign bone lesions. A variety of treatment modalities exist with variable outcomes. This was a retrospective study that aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of two treatment methods for unicameral bone cysts in children: cyst decompression utilizing intramedullary nailing alone versus marginal resection through curettage, intramedullary nailing, and synthetic bone grafting.

Methods:
Seventy-one patients with unicameral bone cysts were treated with one of two techniques: decompression using elastic intramedullary nails (Group 1, 37 patients) or open curettage and grafting with a calcium sulfate bone substitute with fixation by elastic intramedullary nails (Group 2, 34 patients). Outcome parameters included the radiographic healing rate, time to solid union, recurrence rate, functional outcome, and complication rates.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 30.9 mo for group 1 and 35.9 mo for group 2. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring was 91 for group 1 and 93 for group 2. Radiographic healing showed Capanna grade 1 in 78% of the patients in group 1 and 85% in group 2 with a similar mean time to healing of 8 wk. Recurrence occurred in two patients in group 1 and in one patient in group 2.

Conclusions:
No statistically significant difference exists regarding the outcomes of both treatment techniques. Therefore, we recommend the use of elastic nails for intramedullary nailing alone as a first line of management of primary unicameral bone cyst because it is a less invasive technique with reliable results.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Predictive Physical Manifestations for Progression of Scoliosis in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Kato So , Doi Toru , Takeda Norifumi , Yagi Hiroki , Inuzuka Ryo , Oshima Yasushi , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: January 2021

Study Design.
A retrospective study of the prospective cohort.

Objective.
To demonstrate the accurate distribution of the severity of scoliosis in patients with Marfan syndrome, and to identify the predictive physical features for progression of scoliosis in Marfan syndrome.

Summary of Background Data.
To date, no study has unveiled the risk factors for the progression of scoliosis in Marfan syndrome.

Methods.
We retrospectively obtained data from a prospective cohort of the Marfan syndrome clinic at our institute. We enrolled patients whose whole spine radiographs in the standing position were evaluated at the age of 15 or above, from January 2014 to March 2020. The collected variables were physical manifestations defined as in the systemic score of the revised Ghent nosology. We classified the degree of scoliosis into four categories: “not apparent,” “mild” (10° ≤ Cobb < 25°), “moderate” (25° ≤ Cobb < 40°), and “severe” (40° ≤ Cobb or surgery conducted). To identify the risk factors for progression of scoliosis in Marfan syndrome, we conducted univariate and multivariate association analyses between severe scoliosis and each physical manifestation.

Results.
We identified 131 eligible patients (61 men and 70 women) with a mean age of 31.2 years. Scoliosis with a Cobb angle of ≥10° was identified in 116 patients (88.5%). Moderate scoliosis was identified in 33 patients (25.2%) and severe scoliosis in 53 patients (40.5%). The prevalence of each physical manifestation was equivalent to that reported in previous studies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex (odds ratio, 3.27) and positive wrist sign (4.45) were predictive factors for progression of scoliosis into severe state in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Conclusions.
The present study demonstrated the accurate distribution of the severity of scoliosis and identified the predictive factors for progression of scoliosis in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Level of Evidence: 3
Elevated estradiol with prolonged mifepristone to treat progesterone-receptor positive meningioma
Authors: Aharon Devora A. , Carpinello Olivia J. , Bishop Lauren A. , DeCherney Alan H. 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To report a finding of persistently elevated estradiol (E2) after prolonged mifepristone use for treatment of progesterone-receptor positive meningioma, an association which has not previously been reported.

Design:
This is a case report.

Setting:
Outpatient Reproductive Endocrine clinic at a tertiary referral center.

Case Report:
A 48-year-old gravida 1 para 0-0-1-0 with progesterone-receptor positive meningioma, recurrent after multiple debulking surgeries. Patient was treated with mifepristone for 11 years with symptomatic improvement and tumor shrinkage. Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol (E2) were followed throughout the patient’s course of mifepristone therapy. E2 levels were found to be persistently elevated to 500–700 pg/mL.

Materials and Methods:
Enhanced E2 assay, a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based assay, was measured simultaneously with the routinely used immunoassay for 5 years in attempt to obtain a more accurate assessment.

Results:
E2 levels using the standard immunoassay were found to be persistently elevated while the patient was taking mifepristone. Using the enhanced LC-MS/MS assay, E2 was initially elevated, however was subsequently low. After the patient discontinued the medication, E2 levels as measured by the immunoassay normalized.

Conclusions:
Prolonged mifepristone use was found to be associated with markedly elevated E2 levels in our patient. If this is a true elevation, it may help explain the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyps with prolonged mifepristone use. However, this was likely a false elevation, potentially due to cross-reactivity of mifepristone with the immunoassay, given the normal values obtained with the enhanced LC-MS/MS E2 assay. Whether prolonged mifepristone use may cause true or falsely elevated E2 in a wider population, and the mechanism through which it does so, should be further investigated.
The microbiome in urinary tract infections in children – an update
Authors: Lemberger Ursula , Quhal Fahad , Bruchbacher Andreas , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Hiess Manuela 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common pediatric infections worldwide. Recently introduced 16S rRNA sequencing allows detailed identification of bacteria involved in UTI on a species-based level. The urogenital microbiome in children is scarcely investigated, with underlying conditions differing from adults. Improvement in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches can help to minimize unnecessary antibiotic treatments, thereby protecting the physiological microbiome.

Recent findings
Healthy bladders of children display a distinct microbiome than those of adults. UTI is characterized by changes in bacterial composition, with a high prevalence of Enterobacterales. There is a correlation between bacterial species and the pH of the urine, so a characteristic age-related pathogen pattern can be found due to the acidic urine in infants and more alkaline urine in older children. Recently, new methods were proposed to overcome the suboptimal diagnostic performance of urine cultures and urine dipstick test. This allows precise treatment decisions and helps to prevent chronification of UTI, related voiding dysfunctions and renal scaring, systemic abiosis, and the development of antibiotic resistance.

Summary
Uropathogens involved in UTIs in children should be identified with precision to allow targeted therapeutic decisions. This can also help preventing the destruction of the microbiome homeostasis, which could result in a life-long dysbiosis. New treatment approaches and recolonization with probiotics are necessary due to increasing intrinsic antibiotic resistance of bacteria.
Neuropathic pain in leprosy: symptom profile characterization and comparison with neuropathic pain of other etiologies
Authors: Raicher Irina , Stump Patrick Raymond Nicolas Andre Ghislain , Harnik Simone Bega , de Oliveira Rodrigo Alves , Baccarelli Rosemari , Marciano Lucia H.S.C. , Ura Somei , Virmond Marcos C.L. , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Previous studies reported a high prevalence of neuropathic pain in leprosy, being especially present in “pharmacologically cured” patients. The presence of neuropathic pain in leprosy poses a supplementary burden in patient's quality of life, daily activities, and mood.Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess whether neuropathic pain in leprosy has similar symptom profile as neuropathic pain of other etiologies and to retrospectively assess the efficacy of neuropathic pain medications regularly prescribed to leprosy.Methods:Leprosy and nonleprosy patients had their neuropathic pain characterized by the neuropathic pain symptom inventory (NPSI, ranges from 0 to 100, with 100 being the maximal neuropathic pain intensity) in a first visit. In a second visit, leprosy patients who had significant pain and received pharmacological treatment in the first evaluation were reassessed (NPSI) and had their pain profile and treatment response further characterized, including information on drugs prescribed for neuropathic pain and their respective pain relief.Results:The pain characteristics based on NPSI did not significantly differ between leprosy and nonleprosy neuropathic pain patients in visit 1 after correction for multiple analyses, and cluster analyses confirmed these findings (ie, no discrimination between leprosy and nonleprosy groups; Pearson χ2 = 0.072,P= 0.788). The assessment of pain relief response and the drugs taken by each patient, linear regression analysis showed that amitriptyline, when effective, had the highest percentage of analgesic relief.Conclusions:Neuropathic pain in leprosy is as heterogeneous as neuropathic pain of other etiologies, further supporting the concept that neuropathic pain is a transetiological entity. Neuropathic pain in leprosy may respond to drugs usually used to control pain of neuropathic profile in general, and amitriptiline may constitute a potential candidate drug for future formal clinical trials aimed at controlling neuropathic pain in leprosy.