bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clasificación del riesgo químico de solventes orgánicos mediante la aplicación del método “CHEM21 selection guide of classical- and less classical-solvents”. Un caso de estudio en cursos de docencia universitaria de química orgánica y bioquímica.
Authors: Mora-Barrantes Jose Carlos , Morera Ramos Leticia , Ulate-Salas Melany , Núñez-Agüero Valery , Acuña-Salazar Edwin , Cordero-Carvajal Mariel 
Published: December 2021

Un solvente orgánico (SO) es un compuesto, generalmente líquido, que contiene carbono y que posee la característica de disolver otras sustancias. A nivel industrial, son utilizados en operaciones de disolución de reactivos, extracción, lavado y separación de mezclas, además son empleados en laboratorios de docencia universitaria. A pesar de sus múltiples aplicaciones, la mayor parte de los solventes orgánicos son altamente volátiles, influyendo en la contaminación del aire y agua, así como en la salud de las personas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar el impacto en la seguridad, la salud y en el ambiente por el uso de solventes orgánicos en cursos de laboratorio de bioquímica, química orgánica I y II, mediante la aplicación de la guía denominada “CHEM21 Selection Guide of Classical-and Less Classical Solvents”.
Se recopilaron las características fisicoquímicas y toxicológicas de los solventes en estudio para clasificarlos de acuerdo con la guía CHEM21. Los resultados clasifican la mayoría de los solventes como “problemáticos” con un porcentaje de 41, un 28% se categorizan como “recomendadas” y 31% como “peligrosos”. Dentro de las características de los SO peligrosos se destacan su bajo punto de ebullición, fusión y los significativos daños a la salud y medio ambiente. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se considera al curso de orgánica I como el de mayor riesgo, debido a su mayor porcentaje de solventes ¨peligrosos¨ y ¨problemáticos¨. Se considera el curso de bioquímica como de menor riesgo, principalmente debido al menor uso de solventes orgánicos.
Double Crush Syndrome of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Phan Amy , Shah Shalin , Hammert Warren , Mesfin Addisu 
Published: December 2021

» The double crush hypothesis originally proposed that compression of a peripheral nerve at a proximal site increases its susceptibility to additional distal lesions.» The etiology of double crush syndrome is likely multifactorial as mechanical, systemic, pharmacologic, or environmental factors may increase a patient’s susceptibility to this syndrome.» To date, there remains no standardized definition of double crush syndrome, and there is no consensus on its exact pathophysiology or diagnostic criteria.» Patients with double crush syndrome should be counseled that surgical repair may produce inferior outcomes compared with those who are treated for isolated entrapment neuropathies.
Interaction of Long-Chain Alcohol with Dry Yeast, Cholesterol, and Sea Firefly Luciferase
Authors: Nagasaki Kibo , Nagasaki Shinya 
Published: December 2021

Background: A hand sanitizer containing alcohol, usually ethanol or isopropanol, is typically used for disinfection, but given that cholesterol is one of the main components of virus envelopes, long-chain alcohol may be more effective. To better understand the potential disinfection activity of long-chain alcohols, we studied their interactions with dry yeast, cholesterol, and sea firefly luciferase.	Methods and Results: We measured, at 30oC and 39oC, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of dry yeast fermentation and the stability of cholesterol and sea firefly luciferase with alcohols, diols, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and stearyltrimethylammonium chloride. The MIC decreased with the chain length at C≤12 for dry yeast and cholesterol with alcohol at 30oC. At C13 and higher, the cut-off region was observed. At 39oC, the cut-off region shifted to C15 and higher. The reduction of MIC was measured with the diol or sea firefly luciferase at C≤14.	Conclusion: The presence of the cut-off region is suggested to be related to whether the alcohol is in the liquid state. For the liquid alcohol, the longer the chain length, the lower the MIC. This suggests a potential disinfection activity of long-chain alcohol.
Endometrial Cytokines in Women with Reproductive Disorders
Authors: Danusevich Irina , Lazareva Lyudmila , Nemchenko Uliana , Kolesnikova Lyubov 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to study changes in endometrial cytokine concentrations in women suffering from reproductive disorders with and without chronic endometritis (CE) to justify pathogenetic treatment. Methods and Results: The study included 100 women of reproductive age with reproductive disorders. Group 1 included 50 patients with reproductive disorders and CE; Group 2 included 50 patients with reproductive disorders and without CE. Later on, all patients were divided into the following subgroups: Sub1A (n=31), and Sub2A (n=16) with an isolated bacterial flora, Sub1B (n=19) and Sub2B (n=34) with the absence of bacterial flora. The control group consisted of 31 fertile women.	Endometrial aspiration pipe biopsy was performed on days 4-9 of the menstrual cycle (middle proliferative phase) using a disposable intrauterine probe (Taizhou Kechuang Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd, China) followed by histological examination of endometrial tissue. Laboratory diagnostics for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was performed using the bacterial culture method. For the diagnosis of viral infection (HPV, HSV, CMV), cervical samples were studied using PCR. If STIs were detected, the patients were excluded from further research. Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs was performed using the Aloka-5500 device with a 7MHz vaginal probe in two-dimensional visualization mode. The concentration of cytokines (IL-1β, INF-γ, TNF-α, ILs-4,6,8,10) in the endometrium was determined using the Protein Contour test systems (Saint Petersburg) and Multiskan EX ELISA Analyzer (Germany).	In both groups, reproductive disorders were accompanied by hypoprogesteronemia and relative hyperestrogenemia, significantly apparent in CE. We found a 3-fold increase in the level of tissue pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4,6,10, INF-γ), and a 4-fold increase in the level of TNF-α and IL-8 in Group 1, compared to the CG. In Group 2, we found a 1.4-fold increase in the levels of IL-1β and INF-γ, compared to the CG.	In Sub 1a, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher than in the control group. In Sub1A, the isolated bacterial flora caused a cytokine inflammatory response characterized by a significant increase in the concentration of INF-γ and TNF-α, compared to Sub2A and Sub2B (P<0.05). In Sub1A, we found a tendency towards a decrease in the tissue levels of IL-4 compared to Sub1B and Sub2B; the IL-10 level was significantly lower than in Sub2B (P=0.0009)	Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study showed the peculiarities of changes in cytokines at the level of endometrial tissue both in chronic inflammation of the endometrium and in its absence in women with reproductive disorders. The severity of the immune response is significantly higher in patients with CE, with the most significant change in the role of IL-10.
The Effectiveness of Laser Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ponomareva Maria , Petrov Ivan , Gribanova² Evgeniya 
Published: December 2021

Background: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains one of the effective methods of treatment in pre- and proliferative forms of retinopathy with high efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PRP depending on the somatic status, laboratory parameters, and the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a history of diabetic retinopathy (DR).	Methods and Results: The study included 76 patients (50 women and 26 men) with T2D who underwent PRP for DR (152 eyes) using a VISULAS® 532s solid-state laser (ZEISS). The patients were divided into two groups depending on the severity of CKD. Group 1 (n=32, 64 eyes) included patients with CKD Stage 1, Group 2 (n=44, 88 eyes) included patients with CKD Stage 2. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination: visometry, tonometry, perimetry, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye and vitreous body, and fundus ophthalmoscopy. Thickness map of the retina was obtained using the RTVue-100 OCT (Optovue, Fremont, CA) EMM5 scan protocol and the Stratus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) radial scan protocol. Laboratory methods included a general blood test, PPG, FG, HbA1c, general urine analysis, and the assessment of blood levels of creatinine, ALT, and AST.	PRP was carried out according to the standard method, gradually, in three stages; the interval between the stages of laser treatment was 1 month. After laser treatment, all patients, regardless of the treatment stage, were prescribed topical Broxinac® (Bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.09%). The dynamics of corrected visual acuity (CVA) parameters and the retinal thickness of the macular region were assessed before PRP and 3 months after the complex treatment.	Multivariate analysis revealed a linear and nonlinear effect of lipid spectrum indicators (TC and LDL) on the formation of CL (crystalline lens) pathology. After treatment, a significant increase in CVA was noted in both study groups. The effectiveness of PRP coagulation depended on the severity of the CKD stage in T2D patients with DR.	Normalization of morphometric parameters of the macular region of the retina was noted in 93.8% of cases in Group 1 and in 86.4% of cases in Group 2. The decrease in the effectiveness of treatment was associated with the presence of macroangiopathy (CAD), concomitant diseases (CHF, AH and dyslipidemia), and CKD stage.	Conclusion: Prolonged administration of the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug Bromfenacum® for a month after each stage of PRP is effective.
Effect of Total Acid Number and Recovery Mode on Low-Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonates
Authors: Uetani Takaaki , Kaido Hiromi , Yonebayashi Hideharu 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Low-salinity water (LSW) flooding is an attractive enhanced oil recovery (EOR) option, but its mechanism leading to EOR is poorly understood, especially in carbonate rock. In this paper, we investigate the main reason behind two tertiary LSW coreflood tests that failed to demonstrate promising EOR response in reservoir carbonate rock; additional oil recovery factors by the LSW injection were only +2% and +4% oil initially in place. We suspected either the oil composition (lack of acid content) or the recovery mode (tertiary mode) was inappropriate. Therefore, we repeated the experiments using an acid-enriched oil sample and injected LSW in the secondary mode. The result showed that the low-salinity effect was substantially enhanced; the additional oil recovery factor by the tertiary LSW injection jumped to +23%. Moreover, it was also found that the secondary LSW injection was more efficient than the tertiary LSW injection, especially in the acid-enriched oil reservoir. In summary, it was concluded that the total acid number (TAN) and the recovery mode appear to be the key successful factors for LSW in our carbonate system. To support the conclusion, we also performed contact angle measurement and spontaneous imbibition tests to investigate the influence of acid enrichment on wettability, and moreover, LSW injection on wettability alteration.
Theory-Guided Data Science, A Petrophysical Case Study from the Diyab Formation
Authors: Leseur Nicolas , Mendez Alfredo , Baig Muhammad Zeeshan , Goiran Pierre-Olivier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A practical example of a theory-guided data science case study is presented to evaluate the potential of the Diyab formation, an Upper Jurassic interval, source rock of some of the largest reservoirs in the Arabian Peninsula.
A workflow base on a three-step approach combining the physics of logging tool response and a probabilistic machine-learning algorithm was undertaken to evaluate four wells of the prospect. At first, a core-calibrated multi-mineral model was established on a concept well for which an extensive suite of logs and core measurements had been acquired. To transfer the knowledge gained from the latter physics-driven interpretation onto the other data-scarce wells, the relationship between the output rock and fluid volumes and their input log responses was then learned by means of a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). Finally, once trained on the key well, the latter probabilistic algorithm was deployed on the three remaining wells to predict reservoir properties, quantify resource potential and estimate volumetric-related uncertainties. The physics-informed machine-learning approach introduced in this work was found to provide results which matches with the majority of the available core data, while discrepancies could generally be explained by the occurrence of laminations which thickness are under the resolution of nuclear logs.
Overall, the GPR approach seems to enable an efficient transfer of knowledge from data-rich key wells to other data-scarce wells. As opposed to a more conventional formation evaluation process which is carried out more independently from the key well, the present approach ensures that the final petrophysical interpretation reflects and benefits from the insights and the physics-driven coherency achieved at key well location.
Engineered Solution Helps Tackle Tricky Shale Gas Cementing Challenge in HP/HT to Deliver Good Cement Bond Across Shale Section Located in Western India
Authors: Chandrashekar DV , Dange Mikhil , Kumar Animesh , Bhaisora Devesh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In a world where energy is a major concern, the revolution of shale gas globally has triggered a potential shift in thinking about production and consumption that no one would have expected. The enormous shale gas resources identified today are becoming game changers in many developing countries. The booming economy of India is seeing a significant increase in its energy demand, with industries establishing new footprints in the western region of the country. Operators are venturing into deeper and harsher conditions (HP/HT environments) to tap those resources.
Even though shale gas is now found globally, it is still described as an unconventional source of hydrocarbons. This is because the extraction of shale gas is tricky and challenging. To unlock the unconventional gas reservoir most of the wells are horizontally drilled and hydraulically fractured. This process has a strong impact on cement bonding across the section. Firstly, the cement needs to provide an effective barrier in the annulus around the casing, which has been horizontally placed. Secondly, cement has to withstand various mechanical loads during hydraulic fracturing and ultimately over the life of the well.
The present study covers the Navagam field located in the Ahmedabad block of North Cambay Basin. Cambay Basin is bounded on its eastern and western sides by basin-margin faults and extends south into the offshore Gulf of Cambay, limiting its onshore area to 7,900 mi2. The operator's western asset had already deployed its resources on evaluating the data to assess the potential shale gas in the Navagam block in the Cambay Basin.
This paper highlights successful cement placement in an unconventional shale gas reservoir in onshore western India. It was crucial to understand why early exploration wells in the area resulted in poor initial zonal isolation in order to refine the asset development model for future wells. Based on these models, a mechanically modified resilient cement system was engineered. Subsequent exploration wells were then cemented with the resilient cement system to allow for dependable zonal isolation of reservoir bands permitting the accurate determination of discrete reservoir geomechanical properties within the overall reservoir target.
Enhancing Production Through Well Interventions Using End-to-End Evaluation Methodology
Authors: Oatey Mark , Duff Fay , Emslie Neil , Christie Steven , Rikabi Rida , Henderson Peter , Singh Kamaljeet , Kumar Apoorva , Agrawal Gaurav , Dutta Shaktim , Bajwa Haroon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an end-to-end evaluation service using well historical production, petrophysics and reservoir data combined with new logs to perform well intervention solution methodology is followed. Across four wells, production logging data is acquired and analysed to understand the current performance of different heterogeneous layers. Combining this with openhole data, additional perforations and reperforations are planned. Perforations are carried out using deep-penetration charges to create a larger and deeper flow path between the reservoir and the wellbore. Post-perforation production logs are carried out, and the data is analysed to understand the effectiveness of newly perforated layers.
Detailed production enhancement of all four wells is discussed in the paper. The majority of the wells displayed a significant increase in production when compared with pre-intervention flow rates. Minor scale buildup in the production liner was observed during pre-perforation production log data which was observed to be cleared during post-perforation production log data. The deliverability of the wells had also gone up, with similar production rates at much higher bottomhole pressure compared with pressures before intervention. This also confirmed the effectiveness of deep-penetration charges during perforation in providing better conduit from reservoir to wellbore. Additional perforations carried out, based on the heterogeneity of the reservoir and combining the openhole data, proved to be highly effective, with high deliverability observed from these new layers. In conclusion, a successful production enhancement of these low-flow-rate gas condensate wells was achieved with an end-to-end solution.
A highly heterogeneous reservoir with multiple thinly bedded layers presented challenges in understanding their productivity. The combination of pre-perforation production log and post-perforation production log enabled evaluation of the deliverability of the complex heterogeneous reservoir. Further, production enhancement from each reperforated interval was confirmed using a direct measurement, i.e., production log data instead of relying on surface flow rates to better understand the downhole dynamics.
Processing of Seismic-While-Drilling Data from the DrillCAM System Acquired with Wireless Geophones, Top-Drive, and Downhole Vibrations Sensors
Authors: Silvestrov Ilya , Hemyari Emad , Bakulin Andrey , Luo Yi , Aldawood Ali , Poletto Flavio , Liu Yujin , Du Yue , Egorov Anton , Golikov Pavel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present processing details of seismic-while-drilling data recently acquired on one of the onshore wells by a prototype DrillCAM system with wireless geophones, top-drive, and downhole vibration sensors. The general flow follows an established practice and consists of correlation with a drillbit pilot signal, vertical stacking, and pilot deconvolution. This work's novelty is the usage of the memory-based near-bit sensor with a significant time drift reaching 30-40 minutes at the end of each drilling run. A data-driven automatic time alignment procedure is developed to accurately eliminate time drift error by utilizing the top-drive acceleration sensor as a reference. After the alignment, the processing flow can utilize the top-drive or the near-bit pilots similarly. We show each processing step's effect on the final data quality and discuss some implementation details.
A Novel Workflow for Geosteering a Horizontal Well in a Low Resistivity Contrast Anisotropic Environment: A Case Study in Semoga Field, Indonesia
Authors: Fransisca Yessica , Adiandra Karinka , Manurung Vinda , Warkhaida Laila , Arham M. Aidil , Yanto Yudi , Febrianto Dwi Hudya , Yaser Achmad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the combination of strategies deployed to optimize horizontal well placement in a 40 ft thick isotropic sand with very low resistivity contrast compared to an underlying anisotropic shale in Semoga field. These strategies were developed due to previously unsuccessful attempts to drill a horizontal well with multiple side-tracks that was finally drilled and completed as a high-inclined well.
To maximize reservoir contact of the subject horizontal well, a new methodology on well placement was developed by applying lessons learned, taking into account the additional challenges within this well. The first approach was to conduct a thorough analysis on the previous inclined well to evaluate each formation layer’s anisotropy ratio to be used in an effective geosteering model that could better simulate the real time environment. Correct selections of geosteering tools based on comprehensive pre-well modelling was considered to ensure on-target landing section to facilitate an effective lateral section.
A comprehensive geosteering pre-well model was constructed to guide real-time operations. In the subject horizontal well, landing strategy was analysed in four stages of anisotropy ratio. The lateral section strategy focused on how to cater for the expected fault and maintain the trajectory to maximize reservoir exposure. Execution of the geosteering operations resulted in 100% reservoir contact. By monitoring the behaviour of shale anisotropy ratio from resistivity measurements and gamma ray at-bit data while drilling, the subject well was precisely landed at 11.5 ft TVD below the top of target sand. In the lateral section, wellbore trajectory intersected two faults exhibiting greater associated throw compared to the seismic estimate. Resistivity geo-signal and azimuthal resistivity responses were used to maintain the wellbore attitude inside the target reservoir.
In this case history well with a low resistivity contrast environment, this methodology successfully enabled efficient operations to land the well precisely at the target with minimum borehole tortuosity. This was achieved by reducing geological uncertainty due to anomalous resistivity data responding to shale electrical anisotropy. Recognition of these electromagnetic resistivity values also played an important role in identifying the overlain anisotropic shale layer, hence avoiding reservoir exit. This workflow also helped in benchmarking future horizontal well placement operations in Semoga Field.
Technical Categories: Geosteering and Well Placement, Reservoir Engineering, Low resistivity Low Contrast Reservoir Evaluation, Real-Time Operations, Case Studies