bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pantoea stewartii (bacterial wilt of maize).
Authors:   UK, CABI
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Economic losses in maize due to P. stewartii subsp. stewartii have been inconsequential in North America for the past 50 years except for a few, small sporadic outbreaks and a few extensive epidemics on susceptible sweetcorn hybrids (Pepper, 1967; Anderson, 1986; Anderson and Buzzell, 1986; Pataky et al., 1996; Pataky et al., 2000b). The lack of economic importance of this disease in North America is due primarily to adequate levels of resistance incorporated into maize hybrids that are grown where the disease occurs. Stewart's wilt caused substantial economic losses in the 1930s before the development of resistant cultivars (Pepper, 1967). Severe losses due to Stewart's wilt were reported in Italy in the 1940s and the disease reoccurred there as an important problem in the 1980s (Anon., 1983; Mazzucchi, 1984).
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis (Fusarium wilt of alfalfa).
Authors: Samac Deborah A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is a common soil inhabitant around the world. It is regarded as a species complex that includes non-pathogenic, plant pathogenic, and human pathogenic strains. The plant pathogens cause wilt diseases on most crop plants. F. oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis causes a fatal wilt disease on Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, and Vicia sativa. It is found throughout the USA and in Alberta, Canada. The limited reports of Fusarium wilt of alfalfa outside of these areas suggests that the pathogen is native to North America. The pathogen is potentially invasive through movement of infested soil; it is not seedborne. Infected alfalfa plants usually die several months after infection and can lead to significant stand and yield losses. Nearly all modern commercial cultivars are highly resistant or resistant to Fusarium wilt. F. oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis is not on an alert list nor is it a regulated pathogen.
Pre- and postharvest factors affecting quality and safety of Pepper (
Piper nigrum
L.)
Authors: Shango Abdul J. , Mkojera Beatha T. , Majubwa Ramadhani O. , Mamiro Delphina P. , Maerere Amon P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The quality and safety of pepper (
Piper nigrum
L.) are a function of crop management practices, harvest maturity, harvesting methods and subsequent handling after harvest, including storage conditions and processing methods. The review shows that volatile oil decreases with shade intensity (15–30%). Essential oil, oleoresin, piperine and monoterpenes (thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, limonene, α-phellandrene and linalool) increase with altitude, while β-caryophyllene and total phenol decrease with increase in altitude. Fermentation of ripe pepper fruits forms odorants (butanoic acid, 3-methylindole, and 4-methylphenol) attributing intense faecal/shed-like off-flavour white pepper powder. Low-drying temperature (≤56°C) and duration (≤3 hrs) lead to low bulk density (0.17 g/ml) and low moisture loss (31%). Excessive soaking of black peppercorns prior to mechanical decortication reduces volatile oil and increases moisture content and broken berries. Availability of heavy metals in grinding machines increases the level of heavy metals; Fe (69.8–1147 mg/kg), Pb (21.3–947 μg/kg) and V (64.1–1072 μg/kg) in pepper powder. Storing peppercorns along with other materials enhances cross-contamination of heavy metals; Pb, Cd and Cr. High moisture content (>13%) and farmers’ unawareness resulted in high (2200 to >30000 cfu/g) mycotoxins contamination. Environmental and industrial pollutants such as plasticizers, bisphenol A, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides are also pepper contaminants of high merit. Radiofrequency pasteurization, vacuum-assisted steaming, ethylene oxide fumigation, atmospheric pressure plasma, dry heat sterilization, gamma-irradiation and ultraviolet-C light treatments are among strategies to enhance the quality and safety of pepper. More precautions also have to be taken to regulate the shade, drying temperature and duration, soaking duration, hygienic processing and storage in order to retain quality, minimize the risk of microbial or chemical contaminations and comply with standards.
An integrated approach for copy number variation discovery in parent–offspring trios
Authors: Liu Yongzhuang , Wu Xiaoliang , Wang Yadong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of parent–offspring trios has become widely used to identify causal copy number variations (CNVs) in rare and complex diseases. Existing CNV detection approaches usually do not make effective use of Mendelian inheritance in parent–offspring trios and yield low accuracy. In this study, we propose a novel integrated approach, TrioCNV2, for jointly detecting CNVs from WGS data of the parent–offspring trio. TrioCNV2 first makes use of the read depth and discordant read pairs to infer approximate locations of CNVs and then employs the split read and local de novo assembly approaches to refine the breakpoints. We use the real WGS data of two parent–offspring trios to demonstrate TrioCNV2’s performance and compare it with other CNV detection approaches. The software TrioCNV2 is implemented using a combination of Java and R and is freely available from the website at https://github.com/yongzhuang/TrioCNV2.
Defining stage in mucinous tumours of the appendix with peritoneal dissemination: the importance of grading terminology: systematic review
Authors: Martín-Román L , Lozano P , Vásquez W , Palencia N , Gómez Y , Fernández-Aceñero M J , González-Bayón L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Mucinous appendiceal neoplasms with peritoneal dissemination (PD) show a wide spectrum of clinical behaviour. Histological grade has been correlated with prognosis, but no universally accepted histological grading has been established. The aim of this systematic review was to provide historical insight to understand current grading classifications, basic histopathological features of each category, and to define which classification correlates best with prognosis.

Methods
MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies that reported survival across different pathological grades in patients with mucinous neoplasm of the appendix with PD treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Results
Thirty-eight studies were included. Ronnett’s classification was the most common (9 studies). Classifications proposed by the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) (6 studies) and the seventh or eighth edition of the AJCC (7 studies) are gaining in popularity. Nine studies supported a two-tier, 12 a three-tier, and two a four-tier classification system. Three studies demonstrated that acellular mucin had a better prognosis than low-grade pseudomyxoma peritonei in the PSOGI classification or M1bG1 in the eighth edition of the AJCC classification. Four studies demonstrated that the presence of signet ring cells was associated with a worse outcome than high-grade pseudomyxoma peritonei in the PSOGI classification and M1bG2 in the eighth edition of the AJCC.

Conclusion
There is a great need for a common language in describing mucinous neoplasms of the appendix with PD. Evolution in terminology as a result of pathological insight turns the four-tiered PSOGI classification system into a coherent classification option.
Obese Individuals Show Disrupted Dynamic Functional Connectivity between Basal Ganglia and Salience Networks
Authors: Tan Zongxin , Li Guanya , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Jia , Hu Yang , Li Hao , Zhang Lei , Lv Shuai , Jia Zhenzhen , Li Xiaohua , Han Yu , Cui Guangbin , Manza Peter , Volkow Nora D , Nie Yongzhan , Ji Gang , Wang Gene-Jack , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have showed obesity (OB)-related alterations in intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) within and between different resting-state networks (RSNs). However, few studies have examined dynamic functional connectivity (DFC). Thus, we employed resting-state fMRI with independent component analysis (ICA) and DFC analysis to investigate the alterations in FC within and between RSNs in 56 individuals with OB and 46 normal-weight (NW) controls. ICA identified six RSNs, including basal ganglia (BG), salience network (SN), right executive control network/left executive control network, and anterior default-mode network (aDMN)/posterior default-mode network. The DFC analysis identified four FC states. OB compared with NW had more occurrences and a longer mean dwell time (MDT) in state 2 (positive connectivity of BG with other RSN) and also had higher FC of BG–SN in other states. Body mass index was positively correlated with MDT and FCs of BG–aDMN (state 2) and BG–SN (state 4). DFC analysis within more refined nodes of RSNs showed that OB had more occurrences and a longer MDT in state 1 in which caudate had positive connections with the other network nodes. The findings suggest an association between caudate-related and BG-related positive FC in OB, which was not revealed by traditional FC analysis, highlighting the utility of adding DFC to the more conventional methods.
Critical parameters and procedures for anaerobic cultivation of yeasts in bioreactors and anaerobic chambers
Authors: Mooiman Christiaan , Bouwknegt Jonna , Dekker Wijb J C , Wiersma Sanne J , Ortiz-Merino Raúl A , de Hulster Erik , Pronk Jack T 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAll known facultatively fermentative yeasts require molecular oxygen for growth. Only in a small number of yeast species, these requirements can be circumvented by supplementation of known anaerobic growth factors such as nicotinate, sterols and unsaturated fatty acids. Biosynthetic oxygen requirements of yeasts are typically small and, unless extensive precautions are taken to minimize inadvertent entry of trace amounts of oxygen, easily go unnoticed in small-scale laboratory cultivation systems. This paper discusses critical points in the design of anaerobic yeast cultivation experiments in anaerobic chambers and laboratory bioreactors. Serial transfer or continuous cultivation to dilute growth factors present in anaerobically pre-grown inocula, systematic inclusion of control strains and minimizing the impact of oxygen diffusion through tubing are identified as key elements in experimental design. Basic protocols are presented for anaerobic-chamber and bioreactor experiments.
Emotional, Social, and Existential Loneliness Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Dutch Older Adults
Authors: van Tilburg Theo G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, with its accompanying isolation measures, has led to increasing loneliness among older adults. In this study, we examine whether the increased level of loneliness observed in the Netherlands persisted into the fall of 2020, whether there were differences in emotional, social, and existential loneliness, and whether the presence of well-known risk factors for loneliness also led to further increases in loneliness during the pandemic.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, with observations of 404 community-dwelling older adults aged 74–96 years from 2019 and fall 2020.

Results
Loneliness increased between 2019 and 2020, and the increase was particularly high for emotional loneliness (partial η 2 = 0.19). Having a partner and a high mastery and good physical functioning before the pandemic provided some protection against an increase in loneliness.

Discussion
Loneliness increased for almost all older people. Targeted policies can reduce the negative impact of vulnerabilities. Efforts to combat loneliness during the pandemic should focus not only on groups traditionally considered vulnerable, such as socially isolated people, but also on older adults with a partner and who have daily contact with others.
Brain-specific heterozygous loss-of-function of ATP2A2, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump responsible for Darier’s disease, causes behavioral abnormalities and a hyper-dopaminergic state
Authors: Nakajima Kazuo , Ishiwata Mizuho , Weitemier Adam Z , Shoji Hirotaka , Monai Hiromu , Miyamoto Hiroyuki , Yamakawa Kazuhiro , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , McHugh Thomas J , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A report of a family of Darier’s disease with mood disorders drew attention when the causative gene was identified as ATP2A2 (or SERCA2), which encodes a Ca2+ pump on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and is important for intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Recently, it was found that loss-of-function mutations of ATP2A2 confer a risk of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. In addition, a genome-wide association study found an association between ATP2A2 and schizophrenia. However, the mechanism of how ATP2A2 contributes to vulnerability to these mental disorders is unknown. Here, we analyzed Atp2a2 heterozygous brain-specific conditional knockout (hetero cKO) mice. The ER membranes prepared from the hetero cKO mouse brain showed decreased Ca2+ uptake activity. In Atp2a2 heterozygous neurons, decays of cytosolic Ca2+ level were slower than control neurons after depolarization. The hetero cKO mice showed altered behavioral responses to novel environments and impairments in fear memory, suggestive of enhanced dopamine signaling. In vivo dialysis demonstrated that extracellular dopamine levels in the NAc were indeed higher in the hetero cKO mice. These results altogether indicate that the haploinsufficiency of Atp2a2 in the brain causes prolonged cytosolic Ca2+ transients, which possibly results in enhanced dopamine signaling, a common feature of mood disorders and schizophrenia. These findings elucidate how ATP2A2 mutations causing a dermatological disease may exert their pleiotropic effects on the brain and confer a risk for mental disorders.
Effectiveness and Safety of Compound Polymyxin B Ointment in Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Li-Chin , Chang Fei-Yu , Lv Guo-Zhong , Lan Shao-Huan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Burn injuries represent a global public health concern. The guidelines for burn care mention that the treatment of burn injuries depends on the type of burn injury, depth of tissue, area of wounds, and site on the body. At present, several topical antimicrobial agents are used in the treatment of burn wounds as a first choice. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the compound polymyxin B topical agents for the treatment of burn wounds. PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for articles published until January 2021. The studies that conducted clinical trials comparing compound polymyxin B ointment with other treatment reagents for burn wound treatment were included. A total of three outcomes, which were investigator-assessed clinical response, including mortality, bacterial counts, efficacy and safety were included for analysis in this study. In total, 12 randomized controlled trials, 1 clinical trial, 2 prospective studies, and 1 retrospective study were extracted. The result of mortality showed no significant difference (risk ratio [RR]: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.21–2.31, P = .56); wound healing revealed an RR of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.40–1.81, P &lt; .001); time to heal revealed a mean difference of −5.09 (95% CI: −6.31 to −3.86) days (P &lt; .001); scar incidence was not significantly lower in the treatment group (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.38–1.30, P = .26); and adverse event incidence was significantly lower in the treatment group (RR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09–0.72, P &lt; .01). The compound polymyxin B ointment shows the effectiveness of increase in the wound healing and accelerates the time of healing with fewer adverse effects.
The Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severely Burned Patients: A Survey of North American Burn Centers
Authors: Hebert Sebastien , Erdogan Mete , Green Robert S , Rasmussen Jack 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome can occur in burn patients with or without inhalational injury and can significantly increase mortality. For patients with severe respiratory failure who fail conventional therapy with mechanical ventilation, the use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be a life-saving salvage therapy. There have been a series of case reports detailing the use of ECMO in burn patients over the last 20 years, but very little is currently known about the status of ECMO use at burn centers in North America. Using a web-based survey of burn center directors in Canada and the United States, we examined the rate of usage of ECMO in burn care, barriers to its use, and the perioperative management of burn patients receiving ECMO therapy. Our findings indicate that approximately half of the burn centers have used ECMO in the care of burn patients, but patient volume is very low on average (less than 1 per year). Of centers that do use ECMO in burn care, only 40% have a specified protocol for doing so. Approximately half have operated on patients being actively treated with ECMO therapy, but perioperative management of anticoagulation varies widely. A lack of experience and institutional support and a perceived lack of evidence to support ECMO use in burn patients were the most commonly identified barriers to more widespread uptake. Better collaboration between burn centers will allow for the creation of consensus statements and protocols to improve outcomes for burn patients who require ECMO.
Pan-cancer network disorders revealed by overall and local signaling entropy
Authors: Feng Li , Sun Yi-Di , Li Chen , Li Yi-Xue , Chen Luo-Nan , Zeng Rong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tumor development is a process involving loss of the differentiation phenotype and acquisition of stem-like characteristics, which is driven by intracellular rewiring of signaling network. The measurement of network reprogramming and disorder would be challenging due to the complexity and heterogeneity of tumors. Here, we proposed signaling entropy (SR) to assess the degree of tumor network disorder. We calculated SR for 33 tumor types in The Cancer Genome Atlas database based on transcriptomic and proteomic data. The SR of tumors was significantly higher than that of normal samples and was highly correlated with cell stemness, cancer type, tumor grade, and metastasis. We further demonstrated the sensitivity and accuracy of using local SR in prognosis prediction and drug response evaluation. Overall, SR could reveal cancer network disorders related to tumor malignant potency, clinical prognosis, and drug response.
Genetic, anatomical, and environmental patterns related to pod shattering resistance in domesticated cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp]
Authors: Lo Sassoum , Parker Travis , Muñoz-Amatriaín María , Berny-Mier y Teran Jorge C , Jernstedt Judy , Close Timothy J , Gepts Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPod shattering, which causes the explosive release of seeds from the pod, is one of the main sources of yield losses in cowpea in arid and semi-arid areas. Reduction of shattering has therefore been a primary target for selection during domestication and improvement of cowpea, among other species. Using a mini-core diversity panel of 368 cowpea accessions, four regions with a statistically significant association with pod shattering were identified. Two genes (Vigun03g321100 and Vigun11g100600), involved in cell wall biosynthesis, were identified as strong candidates for pod shattering. Microscopic analysis was conducted on a subset of accessions representing the full spectrum of shattering phenotypes. This analysis indicated that the extent of wall fiber deposition was highly correlated with shattering. The results from this study also demonstrate that pod shattering in cowpea is exacerbated by arid environmental conditions. Finally, using a subset of West African landraces, patterns of historical selection for shattering resistance related to precipitation in the environment of origin were identified. Together, these results shed light on sources of resistance to pod shattering, which will, in turn, improve climate resilience of a major global nutritional staple.
Multiomics analyses reveal the roles of the ASR1 transcription factor in tomato fruits
Authors: Dominguez Pia Guadalupe , Conti Gabriela , Duffy Tomás , Insani Marina , Alseekh Saleh , Asurmendi Sebastián , Fernie Alisdair R , Carrari Fernando 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transcription factor ASR1 (ABA, STRESS, RIPENING 1) plays multiple roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses as well as being involved in the regulation of central metabolism in several plant species. However, despite the high expression of ASR1 in tomato fruits, large scale analyses to uncover its function in fruits are still lacking. In order to study its function in the context of fruit ripening, we performed a multiomics analysis of ASR1-antisense transgenic tomato fruits at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Our results indicate that ASR1 is involved in several pathways implicated in the fruit ripening process, including cell wall, amino acid, and carotenoid metabolism, as well as abiotic stress pathways. Moreover, we found that ASR1-antisense fruits are more susceptible to the infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Given that ASR1 could be regulated by fruit ripening regulators such as FRUITFULL1/FRUITFULL2 (FUL1/FUL2), NON-RIPENING (NOR), and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR), we positioned it in the regulatory cascade of red ripe tomato fruits. These data extend the known range of functions of ASR1 as an important auxiliary regulator of tomato fruit ripening.
Genetic variations in 3′UTRs ofSMUG1andNEIL2genes modulate breast cancer risk, survival and therapy response
Authors: Cumova Andrea , Vymetalkova Veronika , Opattova Alena , Bouskova Veronika , Pardini Barbara , Kopeckova Katerina , Kozevnikovova Renata , Lickova Katerina , Ambrus Miloslav , Vodickova Ludmila , Naccarati Alessio , Soucek Pavel , Vodicka Pavel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy in women accounting for approximately 2 million new cases worldwide annually. Several genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are known to be involved in BC development and progression, including alterations in post-transcriptional gene regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in miRNA binding sites (miRSNPs) in 3′-untranslated regions of target genes may affect miRNA-binding affinity and consequently modulate gene expression. We have previously reported a significant association of miRSNPs in the SMUG1 and NEIL2 genes with overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. SMUG1 and NEIL2 are DNA glycosylases involved in base excision DNA repair. Assuming that certain genetic traits are common for solid tumours, we have investigated wherever variations in SMUG1 and NEIL2 genes display an association with BC risk, prognosis, and therapy response in a group of 673 BC patients and 675 healthy female controls. Patients with TC genotype of NEIL2 rs6997097 and receiving only hormonal therapy displayed markedly shorter overall survival (HR = 4.15, 95% CI = 1.7–10.16, P = 0.002) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.5–5.7, P = 0.02). Our results suggest that regulation of base excision repair glycosylases operated by miRNAs may modulate the prognosis of hormonally treated BC.