bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-FDG PET Uptake in the Scalp After Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy
Authors: Usmani Sharjeel , Al-Turkait Dalal , Al-Kandari Fareeda , Ahmed Najeeb 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT has been found useful for the detection of the source of infection/inflammation in the body. Platelet-rich plasma is a new treatment modality in which plasma is injected subdermally or intradermally for potential hair regrowth into the scalp. We report a case of 43-year-old woman with right breast cancer who underwent surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy 2 years ago and is currently on hormonal therapy. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrate incidental findings of increased FDG avidity in the scalp after platelet-rich plasma therapy.
Detection of Chyle Leakage Site With Lymphoscintigraphy SPECT/CT in a Patient With Chylothorax Secondary to T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kesim Selin , Ozguven Salih , Oksuzoglu Kevser , Erdil Tanju Yusuf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a pediatric case with T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and persistent chylothorax who was referred to lymphoscintigraphy to identify the site of leakage. Planar lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT/CT revealed hot spots at the left jugulovenous angle and the confluens of the vena brachiocephalica to vena cava, which were compatible with the sites of leakage. Hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT technique have great impact on accurate detection of the defects in the lymphatic system in patients with chylothorax.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXVIII
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Toyota Production System (TPS) revolutionized automotive manufacturing and then spread more widely to other manufacturing and service industries, including healthcare. Many of the concepts in the TPS originated from ideas from the quality and production pioneers in the United States. Japanese experts built on these concepts and added many of their own to fashion them together into a comprehensive system. One of the key concepts in the TPS is to reduce waste without sacrificing quality.
Hepatobiliary Excretion PET/CT With 68Ga-TAoS-DAZA to Evaluate Bile Duct Patency
Authors: Freesmeyer Martin , Drescher Robert , Kühnel Christian , Gühne Falk , Greiser Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tri-alkoxysalicyl-1,4-diazepan-6-amine (TAoS-DAZA) ligands, radiolabelled with 68Ga, have been proposed as PET/CT agents for depiction and quantification of hepatobiliary function and evaluation of bile excretion. In the presented case, a patient with hepatocellulary carcinoma underwent PET/CT with the TAoS-derivate 68Ga-tri-methoxysalicyl-(TMoS)-DAZA to determine the patency of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, in particular of a stent in the common bile duct. The PET/CT was performed without complications. Evaluation of bile excretion over time was possible. 68Ga-TAoS-DAZA PET/CT may be an option for dynamic imaging of the excretory hepatic function to visualize the biliary tree and to rule out cholestasis.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Uptake in Prostate With an Incidental Finding of Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma and Metastatic Neuroendocrine Cancer to the Liver
Authors: Nisar Muhammad Umer , Costa Daniel N. , Jia Liwei , Öz Orhan K. , de Blanche Lorraine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A 69-year-old man with history of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor presented for initial staging with 68Ga-DOTATE PET/CT. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed incidental focal increased DOTATATE uptake in the left apical prostate tissue, which was thought to be of benign etiology. Digital rectal examination later was consistent with a palpable nodule along with elevated prostate-specific antigen of 7.0 ng/mL. MRI of prostate demonstrated a 3.8-cm lesion followed by a targeted biopsy that revealed prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates were also noted on biopsy, and this may have been the cause of increased DOTATATE uptake seen on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT study.
A Phase 0 Microdosing PET/CT Study Using O-[18F]Fluoromethyl-d-Tyrosine in Normal Human Brain and Brain Tumor
Authors: Moon Hansol , Byun Byung Hyun , Lim Ilhan , Kim Byung Il , Choi Chang Woon , Rhee Chang Hun , Lee Kyo Chul , Woo Sang-Keun , Park Chansoo , Kil Hee Seup , Chi Dae Yoon , Youn Sang Min , Lim Sang Moo 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to obtain information about distribution, radiation dosimetry, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of O-[18F]fluoromethyl-d-tyrosine (d-18F-FMT), an amino acid PET tracer, in patients with brain tumors.

Patients and Methods
A total of 6 healthy controls (age = 19–25 years, 3 males and 3 females) with brain PET images and radiation dosimetry and 12 patients (median age = 60 years, 6 males and 6 females) with primary (n = 5) or metastatic brain tumor (n = 7) were enrolled. We acquired 60-minute dynamic brain PET images after injecting 370 MBq of d-18F-FMT. Time-activity curves of d-18F-FMT uptake in normal brain versus brain tumors and tumor-to-background ratio were analyzed for each PET data set.

Results
Normal cerebral uptake of d-18F-FMT decreased from 0 to 5 minutes after injection, but gradually increased from 10 to 60 minutes. Tumoral uptake of d-18F-FMT reached a peak before 30 minutes. Tumor-to-background ratio peaked at less than 15 minutes for 8 patients and more than 15 minutes for 4 patients. The mean effective dose was calculated to be 13.2 μSv/MBq.

Conclusions
Using d-18F-FMT as a PET radiotracer is safe. It can distinguish brain tumor from surrounding normal brain tissues with a high contrast. Early-time PET images of brain tumors should be acquired because the tumor-to-background ratio tended to reach a peak within 15 minutes after injection.
Prognostic Significance of Pretreatment Staging With 18F-FDG PET in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Lu Hsi-Huei , Chiu Nan-Ching , Tsai Mu-Hung 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the Report
Without the routine use of 18F-FDG PET for initial staging of esophageal cancer, it may lead to inaccurate staging and suboptimal treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET in nonmetastatic esophageal cancer by comparing the survival between patients with and without pretreatment PET.

Materials and Methods
We selected newly diagnosed esophageal cancer patients without metastasis between 2009 and 2015 from Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Research Database. Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET staging was determined according to the implementation of PET within 90 days before starting treatment. Overall survival was calculated from the day of treatment initiation to the death from any cause. Survival curves were compared between patients with and without PET staging using the log-rank test.

Results
Of the 9078 patients included, 1765 (19.4%) and 7313 (80.6%) patients were staged with and without pretreatment PET, respectively. The median follow-up time for all patients and survivors was 1.29 years and 5.46 years, respectively. The pretreatment PET group had a lower risk of death than the no pretreatment PET group (hazards ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.79; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, stage, histology, and tumor location, pretreatment PET remained significantly correlated with a lower risk of death (hazards ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.83; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The utilization of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET for staging in nonmetastatic esophageal malignancy is associated with a lower risk of death even after adjusting for age, stage, histology, and tumor location.
A Mixed-chimerism Protocol Utilizing Thymoglobulin and Belatacept Did Not Induce Lung Allograft Tolerance, Despite Previous Success in Renal Allotransplantation
Authors: Sommer Wiebke , O Jane M. , Pruner Kurt B. , Dehnadi Abbas , Ha Huh Kyu , Robinson Kortney A. , Hanekamp Isabel , Rosales Ivy , Bean Alison S. , Paster Josh , Oura Tetsu , Neal Smith Rex , Colvin Robert , Benichou Gilles , Kawai Tatsuo , Madsen Joren C. , Allan James S. 
Published: May 2021

Background.
In kidney transplantation, long-term allograft acceptance in cynomolgus macaques was achieved using a mixed-chimerism protocol based on the clinically available reagents, rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), and belatacept. Here, we have tested the same protocol in cynomolgus macaques transplanted with fully allogeneic lung grafts.

Methods.
Five cynomolgus macaques underwent left orthotopic lung transplantation. Initial immunosuppression included equine ATG and anti-IL6RmAb induction, followed by triple-drug immunosuppression for 4 mo. Post-transplant, a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen was applied, including total body and thymic irradiation. Rabbit ATG, belatacept, anti-IL6RmAb, and donor bone marrow transplantation (DBMT) were given, in addition to a 28-d course of cyclosporine. All immunosuppressant drugs were stopped on day 29 after DBMT.

Results.
One monkey rejected its lung before DBMT due to AMR, after developing donor-specific antibodies. Two monkeys developed fatal post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and both monkeys had signs of cellular rejection in their allografts upon autopsy. The remaining 2 monkeys showed severe cellular rejection on days 42 and 70 post-DBMT. Cytokine analysis suggested higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers in the lung transplant cohort, as compared to kidney recipients.

Conclusion.
Although the clinically applicable protocol showed success in kidney transplantation, the study did not show long-term survival in a lung transplant model, highlighting the organ-specific differences in tolerance induction.
Characterization of mitochondrial DNA quantity and quality in the human aged and Alzheimer’s disease brain
Authors: Klein Hans-Ulrich , Trumpff Caroline , Yang Hyun-Sik , Lee Annie J. , Picard Martin , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using whole-genome sequencing, we assessed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy levels and mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in 1,361 human brain samples of five brain regions from three studies. Multivariable analysis of ten common brain pathologies identified tau pathology in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and TDP-43 pathology in the posterior cingulate cortex as primary drivers of reduced mtDNAcn in the aged human brain. Amyloid-β pathology, age, and sex were not associated with mtDNAcn. Further, there is evidence for a direct effect of mitochondrial health on cognition. In contrast, while mtDNA heteroplasmy levels increase by about 1.5% per year of life in the cortical regions, we found little evidence for an association with brain pathologies or cognitive functioning. Thus, our data indicates that mtDNA heteroplasmy burden is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
A feasibility study to test a novel approach to dietary weight loss with a focus on assisting informed decision making in food selection
Authors: Lee Mindy H. , Applegate Catherine C. , Shaffer Annabelle L. , Emamaddin Abrar , Erdman John W. , Nakamura Manabu T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObesity is a significant contributor to the development of chronic diseases, some of which can be prevented or reversed by weight loss. However, dietary weight loss programs have shortcomings in the success rate, magnitude, or sustainability of weight loss. The Individualized Diet Improvement Program’s (iDip) objective was to test the feasibility of a novel approach that helps individuals self-select a sustainable diet for weight loss and maintenance instead of providing weight loss products or rigid diet instructions to follow.The iDip study consisted of 22 dietary improvement sessions over 12 months with six months of follow-up. Daily weights were collected, and a chart summarizing progress was provided weekly. Six 24-hour dietary records were collected, and dietary feedback was provided in the form of a protein-fiber plot, in which protein/energy and fiber/energy of foods were plotted two-dimensionally together with a target box specific to weight loss or maintenance. An exit survey was conducted at 12 months.Twelve (nine female, 46.3±3.1 years (mean±SE)) of the initial 14 participants (BMI>28 kg/m2) completed all sessions. Mean percent weight loss (n=12) at six and 12 months was -4.9%±1.1 (p=0.001) and -5.4%±1.7 (p=0.007), respectively. Weight loss varied among individuals at 12 months; top and bottom halves (n=6 each) achieved - 9.7%±1.7 (p=0.0008) and -1.0%±1.4 weight loss, respectively. The 24-hour records showed a significant increase in protein density from baseline to final (4.1g/100kcal±0.3 vs. 5.7g/100kcal±0.5; p=0.008). Although mean fiber density showed no significant change from the first month (1.3g/100kcal±0.1), the top half had significantly higher fiber/energy intake than the bottom half group. The survey suggested that all participants valued the program and its self-guided diet approach.In conclusion, half of the participants successfully lost >5% and maintained the lost weight for 12 months without strict diet instructions, showing the feasibility of the informed decision-making approach.
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy model: The impact of vaccine education on controlling the outbreak in the United States
Authors: Oduro Bismark , Miloua Attou , Apenteng Ofosuhene O. , Osei Prince P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus outbreak continues to pose a significant challenge to human lives globally. Many efforts have been made to develop vaccines to combat this virus. However, with the arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine, there is hesitancy and a mixed reaction toward getting the vaccine. We develop a mathematical model to analyze and investigate the impacts of education on individuals hesitant to get vaccinated. The findings indicate that vaccine education can substantially minimize the daily cumulative cases and deaths of COVID-19 in the United States. The results also show that vaccine education significantly increases the number of willing susceptible individuals, and with a high vaccination rate and vaccine effectiveness, the outbreak can be controlled in the US.
Transdiagnostic connectome-based prediction of craving
Authors: Garrison Kathleen A , Sinha Rajita , Potenza Marc N. , Gao Siyuan , Liang Qinghao , Lacadie Cheryl , Scheinost Dustin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCraving is a central construct in the study of motivation and human behavior and is also a clinical symptom of substance and non-substance-related addictive disorders. Thus, craving represents a target for transdiagnostic modeling. We applied connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to functional connectivity data in a large (N=274) transdiagnostic sample of individuals with and without substance-use-related conditions, to predict self-reported craving. CPM is a machine-learning approach used to identify neural ‘signatures’ in functional connectivity data related to a specific phenotype. Functional connectomes were derived from three guided imagery conditions of personalized appetitive, stress, and neutral-relaxing experiences. Craving was rated before and after each imagery condition. CPM successfully predicted craving, thereby identifying a transdiagnostic ‘craving network’ comprised primarily of the posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, visual cortex, and primary sensory areas. Findings suggest that craving may be associated with difficulties directing attention away from internal self-related processing, represented in the default mode network.
Detecting COVID-19 Related Pneumonia on CT Scans using Hyperdimensional Computing
Authors: Watkinson Neftali , Givargis Tony , Joe Victor , Nicolau Alexandru , Veidenbaum Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPneumonia is a common complication associated with COVID-19 infections. Unlike common versions of pneumonia spread quickly through large lung regions, COVID-19 related pneumonia starts in small localized pockets before spreading over the course of several days. This makes the infection more resilient and with a high probability of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Because of the peculiar spread pattern, the use of pulmonary computerized tomography (CT) scans was key in identifying COVID-19 infections. Identifying uncommon pulmonary diseases could be a strong line of defense in early detection of new respiratory infection-causing viruses. In this paper we describe a classification algorithm based on hyperdimensional computing for the detection of COVID-19 pneumonia in CT scans. We test our algorithm using three different datasets. The highest reported accuracy is 95.2% with an F1 score of 0.90, and all three models had a precision of 1 (0 false positives).
Machine Learning Prediction of Food Processing
Authors: Menichetti Giulia , Ravandi Babak , Mozaffarian Dariush , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the accumulating evidence that increased consumption of ultra-processed food has adverse health implications, it remains difficult to decide what constitutes processed food. Indeed, the current processing-based classification of food has limited coverage and does not differentiate between degrees of processing, hindering consumer choices and slowing research on the health implications of processed food. Here we introduce a machine learning algorithm that accurately predicts the degree of processing for any food, indicating that over 73% of the U.S. food supply is ultra-processed. We show that the increased reliance of an individual’s diet on ultra-processed food correlates with higher risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, angina, elevated blood pressure and biological age, and reduces the bio-availability of vitamins. Finally, we find that replacing foods with less processed alternatives can significantly reduce the health implications of ultra-processed food, suggesting that access to information on the degree of processing, currently unavailable to consumers, could improve population health.
Protein structure prediction using AI and quantum computers
Authors: Geoffrey A S Ben 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work seeks to combine the combined advantage of leveraging these emerging areas of Artificial Intelligence and quantum computing in applying it to solve the specific biological problem of protein structure prediction using Quantum Machine Learning algorithms. The CASP dataset from ProteinNet was downloaded which is a standardized data set for machine learning of protein structure. Its large and standardized dataset of PDB entries contains the coordinates of the backbone atoms, corresponding to the sequential chain of N, C_alpha, and C’ atoms. This dataset was used to train a quantum-classical hybrid Keras deep neural network model to predict the structure of the proteins. To visually qualify the quality of the predicted versus the actual protein structure, protein contact maps were generated with the experimental and predicted protein structure data and qualified. Therefore this model is recommended for the use of protein structure prediction using AI leveraging the power of quantum computers.
A defined medium based on R2A for cultivation and exometabolite profiling of soil bacteria
Authors: de Raad Markus , Li Yifan , Andeer Peter , Kosina Suzanne M. , Saichek Nicholas R. , Golini Amber , Han La Zhen , Wang Ying , Bowen Benjamin P. , Chakraborty Romy , Northen Trent R. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryExometabolomics is an approach to assess how microorganisms alter their environments through the depletion and secretion of chemical compounds. Comparisons of inoculated with uninoculated media can be used to provide direct biochemical observations on depleted and secreted metabolites which can be used to predict resource competition, cross-feeding and secondary metabolite production in microbial isolates and communities. This approach is most powerful when used with defined media that enable tracking of all depleted metabolites. However, microbial growth media have traditionally been developed for the isolation and growth of microorganisms but not metabolite utilization profiling through LC-MS/MS. Here, we describe the construction of a defined medium, the Northen Lab Defined Medium (NLDM), that not only supports the growth of diverse bacteria but is defined and therefore suited for exometabolomic experiments. Metabolites included in NLDM were selected based on their presence in R2A medium and soil, elemental stoichiometry requirements, as well as knowledge of metabolite usage by different bacteria. We found that NLDM supported the growth of 53 phylogenetically diverse soil bacterial isolates and all of its metabolites were trackable through LC–MS/MS analysis. These results demonstrate the viability and utility of the constructed NLDM medium for cultivating and characterizing diverse microbial isolates and communities.Originality-Significance StatementWe build a defined medium based on the metabolite composition of R2A medium and soil, elemental stoichiometry requirements, and knowledge of metabolite usage by different bacteria. The newly formulated defined medium was evaluated on its ability to support the growth of soil isolates and its application for metabolite utilization profiling. We found that of 53 phylogenetically diverse soil bacterial isolates grew on the defined medium and all of its metabolites were trackable through LC–MS/MS analysis. This demonstrates the viability and utility of the constructed defined medium for cultivating and characterizing diverse microbial isolates and communities.
Preliminary genetic assessment of three goatfish species in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Soliman Taha , DiBattista Joseph D. , Fahim Reda M. , Reimer James D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examined genetic diversity and connectivity of two indigenous Mediterranean goatfish species (Mullus barbatusandM. surmuletus), and a Lessepsian migrant species (Upeneus moluccensis), across the Nile Delta outflow using two mitochondrial DNA markers (COI and cyt b). Genetic diversity was high for the two Mediterranean species but relatively lower for the migrant species, suggesting founder effects after invasion from the Red Sea. Confirmation of this hypothesis, however, would require comparison with populations of origin in the Red Sea and the Indo-West Pacific. AMOVA and network analyses revealed no genetic partitioning for all species, indicating the Nile outflow does not currently, and may not have historically, posed a significant barrier to larval dispersal in these goatfish despite a present-day temperature and salinity gradient along the Mediterranean coastline of Egypt.