bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of carp seed stocking in large reservoir ecosystems of India
Authors: Puthiyottil Mishal , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Karnatak Gunjan , Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia , Das Archan Kanti , Koushlesh Satish Kumar , Kumari Suman , Das Basanta Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTropical reservoir ecosystems cover more than 3.51 million ha in India which are the major sources of fish production from inland open waters and supports rich diversity of fish. The present study quantifies fisheries enhancement and evaluates the impact of stocking of Indian major carp fingerlings in six large reservoir ecosystems of India. Analysis of time series data revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in fish yield from 12.3 kg ha−1 year−1 in 2004–2005 to 52.4 kg ha−1 year−1 in 2016–2017 due to stocking. The average fish yield of these six reservoirs was estimated to be higher than the national average of 33 kg ha−1 year−1 recorded for large Indian reservoirs. Fingerling stocking had a significant positive impact on fish yield (r = 0.238, p = 0.035). The reservoir water storage level was positively correlated (r = 0.621, p < 0.05) to fish production. The study also shows that the reservoir habitat support 99 finfish species in the central Indian reservoirs of which two species belong to endangered category warranting conservation efforts. This study is the first of its kind on assessing the impact of stocking in large number of tropical reservoirs including the largest reservoir in the country revealing positive effect on fish yield. The fish yield of 85.8 kg ha−1 year−1 obtained in Gandhisagar reservoir (72,300 ha), India revealed that fisheries enhancement is effective and remunerative. The study also highlights the global status of stocking impact in large reservoirs and deliberates issues and suggests management strategies for sustainable fisheries enhancement in large tropical reservoirs.
Versatility of unsaturated polyesters from electrospun macrolactones:RGDimmobilization to increase cell attachment
Authors: de Oliveira Fernando Cabral Sales , do Amaral Ronaldo Jose Farias Correa , dos Santos Luiza Erthal Cardoso , Cummins Cian , Morris Michael M. , Kearney Cathal J. , Heise Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoly(globalide) (PGl), an aliphatic polyester derived from unsaturated macrocylic lactone, can be cross‐linked during electrospinning and drug‐loaded for regenerative medicine applications. However, it lacks intrinsic recognition sites for cell adhesion and proliferation. In order to improve their cell adhesiveness, and therefore their therapeutic potential, we aimed to functionalize electrospun PGl fibers with RGD sequence generating a biomimetic scaffold. First, an amine compound was attached to the surface double bonds of the PGl fibers. Subsequently, the amino groups were coupled with RGD sequences. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the functionalization. The obtained fibers were more hydrophilic, as observed by contact angle analysis, and presented smaller Young's modulus, although similar tensile strength compared with non‐functionalized cross‐linked fibers. In addition, the functionalization process did not significantly alter fibers morphology, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, in vitro analysis evidenced the increase in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) adhesion (9.88 times higher DNA content after 1 day of culture) and proliferation (3.57 times higher DNA content after 8 days of culture) compared with non‐functionalized non‐cross‐linked fibers. This is the first report demonstrating the functionalization of PGl fibers with RGD sequence, improving PGl therapeutic potential and further corroborating the use of this highly versatile material toward regenerative medicine applications.
PGC‐1α regulates myonuclear accretion after moderate endurance training
Authors: Battey Edmund , Furrer Regula , Ross Jacob , Handschin Christoph , Ochala Julien , Stroud Matthew J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe transcriptional demands of skeletal muscle fibres are high and require hundreds of nuclei (myonuclei) to produce specialised contractile machinery and multiple mitochondria along their length. Each myonucleus spatially regulates gene expression in a finite volume of cytoplasm, termed the myonuclear domain (MND), which positively correlates with fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA). Endurance training triggers adaptive responses in skeletal muscle, including myonuclear accretion, decreased MND sizes and increased expression of the transcription co‐activator peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α). Previous work has shown that overexpression of PGC‐1α in skeletal muscle regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, myonuclear accretion and MND volume. However, whether PGC‐1α is critical for these processes in adaptation to endurance training remained unclear. To test this, we evaluated myonuclear distribution and organisation in endurance‐trained wild‐type mice and mice lacking PGC‐1α in skeletal muscle (PGC‐1α mKO). Here, we show a differential myonuclear accretion response to endurance training that is governed by PGC‐1α and is dependent on muscle fibre size. The positive relationship of MND size and muscle fibre CSA trended towards a stronger correlation in PGC‐1a mKO versus control after endurance training, suggesting that myonuclear accretion was slightly affected with increasing fibre CSA in PGC‐1α mKO. However, in larger fibres, the relationship between MND and CSA was significantly altered in trained versus sedentary PGC‐1α mKO, suggesting that PGC‐1α is critical for myonuclear accretion in these fibres. Accordingly, there was a negative correlation between the nuclear number and CSA, suggesting that in larger fibres myonuclear numbers fail to scale with CSA. Our findings suggest that PGC‐1α is an important contributor to myonuclear accretion following moderate‐intensity endurance training. This may contribute to the adaptive response to endurance training by enabling a sufficient rate of transcription of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis.
Lipid reduction to improve clarification and filterability during primary recovery of intracellular products in yeast lysates using exogenous lipase
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sushobhan K , Morris Stephen A , Nesbeth Darren N , Bracewell Daniel G 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe yeast Pichia pastoris is a popular host organism for production of a range of biological products, several of which are intracellular. The disruption of yeast cells by homogenization also releases large quantities of lipids, which can foul the downstream membranes and chromatography matrices used for purification. This work examines lipid removal from yeast cells following homogenization by enzymatic degradation and its impact on the performance of the subsequent centrifugation and filtration.RESULTSLipase treatment of cell homogenate at 37 °C for 2 h, followed by clarification using a scaled‐down mimic of disc stack centrifugation, resulted in a 6.5‐fold improvement in solids removal when compared to untreated feed material. The lipase‐treated and untreated materials that had undergone initial centrifugation were then tested for filtration performance by passing the material through a 0.45 μm polyethylene sulfone membrane under constant flux. A 50% increase in throughput was observed in comparison to the untreated material.CONCLUSIONThese proof‐of‐concept data suggest enzymatic digestion of lipids, analogous to the widely performed DNA reduction using nucleases, could be a valuable process improvement strategy. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A case of acute bilateral iodine‐induced submandibular sialadenitis: Ultrasound findings
Authors: Longo Chiara , De Robertis Riccardo , Valdo Moreno , Montemezzi Stefania 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute sialadenitis is a rare adverse reaction to iodine‐based contrast agents. Ultrasound (US) is usually the preferred imaging method to evaluate the salivary glands; along with clinical and anamnestic data, US allows the diagnosis of contrast‐induced sialadenitis. We present a case of acute bilateral submandibular sialadenitis induced by intravenous administration of iodine‐based contrast media for a contrast‐enhanced computed tomography scan diagnosed by US.
Assessment of the Precision in Measuring Glutathione at 3 T With a MEGA‐PRESS Sequence in Primary Motor Cortex and Occipital Cortex
Authors: Anton Adriana , Mead Richard J. , Shaw Pamela J. , Edden Richard A. E. , Bigley Julia , Jenkins Thomas M. , Wild Jim M. , Hoggard Nigel , Wilkinson Iain D. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundGlutathione (GSH) is an important brain antioxidant and a number of studies have reported its measurement by edited and nonedited localized 1H spectroscopy techniques within a range of applications in healthy volunteers and disease states. Good test–retest reproducibility is key when assessing the efficacy of treatments aimed at modulating GSH levels within the central nervous system or when noninvasively assessing changes in GSH content over time.PurposeTo evaluate the intraday (in vitro and in vivo) and 1‐month apart (in vivo) test–retest reproducibility of GSH measurements from GSH‐edited MEGA‐PRESS acquisitions at 3 T in a phantom and in the brain of a cohort of middle‐aged and older healthy volunteers.Study TypeProspective.Subjects/PhantomsA phantom containing physiological concentrations of GSH and metabolites with overlapping spectral signatures and 10 healthy volunteers (4 F, 6 M, 55 ± 14 years old).Field strength/SequenceGSH‐edited spectra were acquired at 3 T using the MEGA‐PRESS sequence.AssessmentThe phantom was scanned twice and the healthy subjects were scanned three times (on two separate days, 1 month apart). GSH was quantified from each acquisition, with the in vivo voxels placed at the primary motor cortex (PMC) and the occipital cortex (OCC).Statistical TestsMean coefficients of variation (CV) were used to assess short‐term (in vitro and in vivo) and longer‐term (in vivo) test–retest reproducibility.ResultsIn vitro, the CV was 2.3%. In vivo, the mean intraday CV was 3.3% in the PMC and 2.4% in the OCC, while the CVs at 1 month apart were 4.6% in the PMC and 7.8% in the OCC.Data ConclusionGSH‐edited MEGA‐PRESS spectroscopy allows measurement of GSH with excellent precision.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 detection with the Cobas® 6800/8800 system on gargle samples using two sample processing methods with combined oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab
Authors: Benoit Patrick , Labbé Annie‐Claude , Lalancette Linda , Gagnon Simon , Bonneau Eric , Lavallée Christian , Roger Michel , Fafard Judith , Dumaresq Jeannot , Beauchemin Stéphanie , Coutlée François ,   the G‐SPIT group
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundGargle samples have been proposed as a noninvasive method for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. The clinical performance of gargle specimens diluted in Cobas® PCR Media and in Cobas® Omni Lysis Reagent was compared to oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS) for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA.Study DesignParticipants were recruited prospectively in two COVID‐19 screening clinics. In addition to the ONPS, participants gargled with 5 ml of natural spring water split in the laboratory as follows: 1 ml was added to 4.3 ml of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) media and 400 μl was added to 200 μl of lysis buffer. Testing was performed with the Cobas® SARS‐CoV‐2 test on the Cobas® 6800 or 8800 platforms.ResultsOverall, 134/647 (20.7%) participants were considered infected because the ONPS or at least one gargle test was positive. ONPS had, respectively, a sensitivity of 96.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.3–98.5); both gargle processing methods were slightly less but equally sensitive (90.3% [95% CI: 83.9–94.3]). When ONPS and gargle specimens were both positive, the mean cycle threshold (Ct) was significantly higher for gargles, suggesting lower viral loads.ConclusionGargle specimens directly added in PCR Media provide a similar clinical sensitivity to chemical lysis, both having a slightly, not significantly, lower sensitivity to ONPS.
An open label pilot study of the safety and tolerability of perampanel in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Hotait Mostafa , Ismail Helen H. , Saab Georges E. , Salameh Johnny S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPerampanel, a selective noncompetitive α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) antagonist, is capable of slowing the progression of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotype and increasing the number of anterior horn cells in transgenic mice. Trials of perampanel in epilepsy showed a favorable tolerability profile. In this study we aimed to determine the tolerability and safety of perampanel in patients with ALS.MethodsEnrolled subjects were started on 2 mg/day of perampanel and the dose was increased by 2 mg/day every week to a maximum dose of 8 mg/day. Our primary outcome measure was tolerability, which was evaluated by monitoring adverse events. The secondary outcome measure was clinical progression, assessed using the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale—Revised (ALSFRS‐R) and spirometry.ResultsSix participants were enrolled. All had adverse events, mostly behavioral. Two completed the trial and the other four withdrew due to adverse events. All participants reported resolution of these events after discontinuation of the drug. The trial was halted due to the large number of adverse events.DiscussionThe use of perampanel in this study of ALS was limited by its poor tolerability.
Thin-Sectioned Otoliths Reveal Sexual Dimorphism and a 10-Year Lifespan in the Endangered Pahrump Poolfish
Authors: Lackmann Alec R. , Kettelhut Storm , Paulson Brandon L. , Anderson Cody M. , Goodchild Shawn C. , Guadalupe Kevin D. , Stockwell Craig A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Basic life history information can be useful for informing the management of protected species such as the Pahrump Poolfish Empetrichthys latos, a goodeid (Cyprinodontiformes) that is endemic to the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada, USA, and the last surviving remnant of Empetrichthys. Critically endangered and extirpated from its native range, Pahrump Poolfish has been managed among constructed refuge habitats since 1971. To better understand sex-specific age demographics, we used thin-sectioned otoliths to age 121 Pahrump Poolfish from one population, collected in June 2017. These samples suggested a maximum age of 10 years for females and 7 years for males, with a substantial portion of all fish greater than 4 years old. This is more than twice the previously reported maximum age for this species. We report on the inadequacy of reading whole otoliths, opercula, and scales for age analysis of this species. Based on thin-sectioned otoliths, we also model growth in length as a function of age among individuals. We found significant sexual dimorphism across this fish’s ontogeny, which has implications for selecting an appropriate sex ratio for founding populations.
Frontline nurses' experiences of working in a COVID‐19 ward–A qualitative study
Authors: Specht Kirsten , Primdahl Jette , Jensen Hanne Irene , Elkjær Mette , Hoffmann Eva , Boye Lilian Keene , Thude Bettina Ravnborg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo explore how nurses experienced working in a newly organized COVID‐19 ward with high‐risk patients during a new and unknown pandemic.DesignA qualitative explorative study using a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach.MethodsSemi‐structured individual telephone interviews were conducted in June–July 2020 with 23 nurses working in COVID‐19 wards from three regional hospitals in Denmark. The nurses had been transferred from other departments at their hospital to the newly organized COVID‐19 wards. Data analysis was influenced by Paul Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation, including three analytical levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion.ResultsDuring the structural analysis four themes were generated: (a) Challenging and uncertain situation, but also a positive experience (b) Professional and personal development (c) Lack of nurses' rights during a pandemic (d) Reward in itself or a desire for financial reward.
A child‐centered health dialogue for the prevention of obesity in child health services in Sweden – A randomized controlled trial including an economic evaluation
Authors: Derwig Mariette , Tiberg Irén , Björk Jonas , Welander Tärneberg Anna , Hallström Inger Kristensson 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of child obesity is an international public health priority and believed to be effective when started in early childhood. Caregivers often ask for an early and structured response from health professionals when their child is identified with overweight, yet cost‐effective interventions for children aged 2–6 years and their caregivers in Child Health Services are lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects and cost‐effectiveness of a child‐centered health dialogue in the Child Health Services in Sweden on 4‐year‐old children with normal weight and overweight.MethodsThirty‐seven Child Health Centers were randomly assigned to deliver intervention or usual care. The primary outcome was zBMI‐change.ResultsA total of 4598 children with normal weight (zBMI: 0.1 [SD = 0.6] and 490 children with overweight (zBMI: 1.6 [SD = 0.3]) (mean age: 4.1 years [SD = 0.1]; 49% females) were included. At follow‐up, at a mean age of 5.1 years [SD = 0.1], there was no intervention effect on zBMI‐change for children with normal weight. Children with overweight in the control group increased zBMI by 0.01 ± 0.50, while children in the intervention group decreased zBMI by 0.08 ± 0.52. The intervention effect on zBMI‐change for children with overweight was –0.11, with a 95% confidence interval of –0.24 to 0.01 (p = 0.07). The estimated additional costs of the Child‐Centered Health Dialogue for children with overweight were 167 euros per child with overweight and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was 183 euros per 0.1 zBMI unit prevented.ConclusionsThis low‐intensive multicomponent child‐centered intervention for the primary prevention of child obesity did not show statistical significant effects on zBMI, but is suggested to be cost‐effective with the potential to be implemented universally in the Child Health Services. Future studies should investigate the impact of socio‐economic factors in universally implemented obesity prevention programs.
Modeling of density of state forpolyethylene–nanotubesnanocomposites
Authors: Kessaissia Karima , Ali Benamara Abdelkader , Lounis Mourad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAt the nanoscale system, the efficiency of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement between the CNTs and polymer matrices in terms of interfacial load transferring is assessed for both nonfunctionalized and functionalized interfaces. The simulations of the mechanical properties (stress–strain) of polyethylene (PE)/CNT nanocomposites by the molecular dynamics are currently an area of discussion in the literature. In this work, PE considered as a thermoplastic material is studied, in which the characterization of its nanoscale load transfer has been carried out through the classification of representative nanoscale interface elements for nonfunctionalized CNTs for the diverse values of lengths and diameters. First, the main evaluations based on the density functional theory and the molecular dynamics method were used with the aim to examine the effect of PE monomers. Then, the effect of the diameter of CNTs with nonfunctionalization content on the electronic and mechanical properties of single‐walled carbon nanotubes was examined. The findings reveal that the density of states highlights the absence of orbital hybridization between the PE monomers and nanotubes, whereas the Mulliken charge analysis depicts that the PE polymer produces a positive charge that is directly proportional to the number of monomers with many chains of PE and different diameters of CNTs. The decrease in diameters implies an increase in nanocomposites stress. In addition, the results show that the reinforcements in the longitudinal direction are more promising than those in the transverse direction.
Amidinothiourea‐linked covalent organic framework for the adsorption of heavy metal ions
Authors: Wang Heping , Feng Bang , Zhang Qianwen , Du Qiang , Bai Qiuhong , Li Cong , Shen Yehua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor the first time, a novel amidinothiourea‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) (TpAt) has been successfully synthesized by the condensation between 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol and amidinothiourea via vacuum solvothermal reaction, and was further utilized for the adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution. The effects of initial concentration, pH and contact time on the adsorption process were investigated. As a result, the TpAt COF showed maximum binding capacities as high as 95.44, 100.76 and 99.08 mg g–1 for Cr(III), Cd(II) and Cu(II) within 180 min at the initial concentration of 100 mg L–1, respectively. The isotherms of metal ions onto TpAt could be described by the Freundlich isotherm equation, and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo‐second‐order model. The TpAt could be reused for more than five adsorption–elution cycles, whilst basically maintaining its original adsorption performance and the structural integrity of the COF layers. The robust adsorption efficiency can be attributed to the coordination between metal ions and N, O and S atoms in the TpAt framework. The TpAt COF represents an ideal candidate for the removal of heavy metal ions in environmental pollution treatment. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Douglas‐fir LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (PmLEC1) is an active transcription factor during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Vetrici Mariana A. , Yevtushenko Dmytro P. , Misra Santosh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDouglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is one of the world's premier lumber species and somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the most promising method for rapid propagation of superior tree genotypes. The development and optimization of SE protocols in conifers is hindered by a lack of knowledge of the molecular basis of embryogenesis and limited sequence data. In Arabidopsis, the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (AtLEC1) gene is a master regulator of embryogenesis that induces SE when expressed ectopically. We isolated the LEC1 homologue from Douglas‐fir, designated as PmLEC1. PmLEC1 expression in somatic embryos and developing seeds demonstrated a unique, alternating pattern of expression with the highest levels during early stages of embryogenesis. PmLEC1 protein accumulation during seed development correlated with its transcriptional levels during early embryogenesis; however, substantial protein levels persisted until 2 weeks on germination medium. Treatment of mature, stratified seeds with 2,4‐epibrassinolide, sorbitol, mannitol, or NaCl upregulated PmLEC1 expression, which may provide strategies to induce SE from mature tissues. Sequence analysis of the PmLEC1 gene revealed a 5′ UTR intron containing binding sites for transcription factors (TFs), such as ABI3, LEC2, FUS3, and AGL15, which are critical regulators of embryogenesis in angiosperms. Regulatory elements for these and other seed‐specific TFs and biotic and abiotic signals were identified within the PmLEC1 locus. Most importantly, functional analysis of PmLEC1 showed that it rescued the Arabidopsis lec1‐1 null mutant and, in the T2 generation, led to the development of embryo‐like structures, indicating a key role of PmLEC1 in the regulation of embryogenesis.