bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How postharvest variables in the pulse value chain affect nutrient digestibility and bioaccessibility
Authors: Duijsens Dorine , Gwala Shannon , Pallares Andrea Pallares , Pälchen Katharina , Hendrickx Marc , Grauwet Tara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPulses are increasingly being put forward as part of healthy diets because they are rich in protein, (slowly digestible) starch, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. In pulses, nutrients are bioencapsulated by a cell wall, which mostly survives cooking followed by mechanical disintegration (e.g., mastication). In this review, we describe how different steps in the postharvest pulse value chain affect starch and protein digestion and the mineral bioaccessibility of pulses by influencing both their nutritional composition and structural integrity. Processing conditions that influence structural characteristics, and thus potentially the starch and protein digestive properties of (fresh and hard‐to‐cook [HTC]) pulses, have been reported in literature and are summarized in this review. The effect of thermal treatment on the pulse microstructure seems highly dependent on pulse type‐specific cell wall properties and postharvest storage, which requires further investigation. In contrast to starch and protein digestion, the bioaccessibility of minerals is not dependent on the integrity of the pulse (cellular) tissue, but is affected by the presence of mineral antinutrients (chelators). Although pulses have a high overall mineral content, the presence of mineral antinutrients makes them rather poorly accessible for absorption. The negative effect of HTC on mineral bioaccessibility cannot be counteracted by thermal processing. This review also summarizes lessons learned on the use of pulses for the preparation of foods, from the traditional use of raw‐milled pulse flours, to purified pulse ingredients (e.g., protein), to more innovative pulse ingredients in which cellular arrangement and bioencapsulation of macronutrients are (partially) preserved.
Results from a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover, multimodal‐MRI pilot study of gabapentin for co‐occurring bipolar and cannabis use disorders
Authors: Prisciandaro James J. , Mellick William , Squeglia Lindsay M. , Hix Sara , Arnold Lauren , Tolliver Bryan K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDisrupted brain gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)/glutamate homeostasis is a promising target for pharmacological intervention in co‐occurring bipolar disorder (BD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD). Gabapentin is a safe and well‐tolerated medication, FDA‐approved to treat other neurological diseases, that restores GABA/glutamate homeostasis, with treatment studies supporting efficacy in treating CUD, as well as anxiety and sleep disorders that are common to both BD and CUD. The present manuscript represents the primary report of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover (1‐week/condition), multimodal‐MRI (proton‐MR spectroscopy, functional MRI) pilot study of gabapentin (1200 mg/day) in BD + CUD (n = 22). Primary analyses revealed that (1) gabapentin was well tolerated and adherence and retention were high, (2) gabapentin increased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and right basal ganglia (rBG) glutamate levels and (3) gabapentin increased activation to visual cannabis cues in the posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC, a region involved in response inhibition to rewarding stimuli). Exploratory evaluation of clinical outcomes further found that in participants taking gabapentin versus placebo, (1) elevations of dACC GABA levels were associated with lower manic/mixed and depressive symptoms and (2) elevations of rBG glutamate levels and pMCC activation to cannabis cues were associated with lower cannabis use. Though promising, the findings from this study should be interpreted with caution due to observed randomization order effects on dACC glutamate levels and identification of statistical moderators that differed by randomization order (i.e. cigarette‐smoking status on rBG glutamate levels and pMCC cue activation). Nonetheless, they provide the necessary foundation for a more robustly designed (urn‐randomized, parallel‐group) future study of adjuvant gabapentin for BD + CUD.
Increase in recreational drug use between 2008 and 2018: results from a prospective cohort study among HIV‐negative men who have sex with men
Authors: Coyer Liza , Boyd Anders , Davidovich Udi , van Bilsen Ward P. H. , Prins Maria , Matser Amy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo test whether recreational drug use (RDU) and sexualized drug use (SDU) changed in the Amsterdam area between 2008 and 2018 and quantify associations of SDU with condomless anal sex (CAS), recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted infections (STI) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative men who have sex with men (MSM).DesignOpen prospective cohort study.SettingPublic Health Service of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ParticipantsA total of 976 HIV‐negative MSM, aged ≥ 18 years.MeasurementsSelf‐reported RDU and sexual behaviour in the past 6 months. Laboratory‐confirmed HIV and STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis). We studied: any RDU; any SDU (i.e. any RDU during sex); specific SDU (i.e. use of mephedrone, methamphetamine, gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid/gamma‐butyrolactone, ketamine, amphetamine, cocaine and/or ecstasy during sex); use of individual drugs; and use of individual drugs during sex. We evaluated changes over calendar years in the proportion of individuals with these end‐points [using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE)] and number of drugs (using negative binomial regression with GEE), adjusted for current age, country of birth and education level.FindingsMedian age of participants in 2008 was 33.2 years (interquartile range = 27.8–40.1); 83.1% were born in the Netherlands. The proportion of any RDU increased from 67.2% in 2008 to 69.5% in 2018 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.51]. Any SDU increased from 53.8% in 2008 to 59.8% in 2013 (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07–1.42) and remained stable afterwards. Specific SDU increased from 25.0% in 2008 to 36.1% in 2018 (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.71–2.58). The average number of drugs used increased for those reporting any RDU, any SDU and specific SDU (all P < 0.05. Among those engaging in sex, any SDU was associated with CAS (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.19–1.55), HIV (aOR = 5.86; 95% CI = 2.39–14.4) and STI (aOR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.95–2.73). Specific SDU was associated with CAS (aOR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.37–1.81), HIV (aOR = 6.30; 95% CI = 3.28–12.1) and STI (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.81–2.55).ConclusionsAmong human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative men who have sex with men in Amsterdam, recreational drug use, including sexualized drug use, increased between 2008 and 2018. Sexualized drug use was strongly associated with condomless anal sex, HIV and sexually transmitted infections.
Citizen‐Suspect: Navigating Surveillance and Policing in Urban Kenya
Authors: Al‐Bulushi Samar 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article privileges the grounded geographies of the war on terror, focusing on those who grapple with its everyday policing powers. Informed by ethnographic research in the cities of Nairobi and Mombasa, I explore how Kenyan Muslim activists experience and make sense of the networked assemblages of police power that transform urban spaces into “gray zones” that fall within the ambiguous spectrum between war and peace. As US‐trained Kenyan police employ military tactics of tracking and targeting potential terror suspects in quotidian urban spaces, they rely on “pop‐up” interventions such as abductions, house raids, and makeshift checkpoints—flexible maneuvers designed to match the amorphousness of the so‐called enemy. I introduce the term citizen‐suspect to shed light on actually existing citizenship in the urban gray zone. Citizen‐suspects contend not simply with the fear and paranoia that come with subjection to surveillance and suspicion but with the knowledge that is needed to navigate the shape‐shifting geographies of transnational policing.
Quality of care was not compromised during the COVID‐19 pandemic at a level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Saxon Leanne , Fazio Timothy N. , Gumm Kellie , Tong Steven Y. C. , Read David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a profound effect on the presentation and management of trauma at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, a level 1 adult major trauma service and a designated COVID‐19 hospital. This study compares the changes in epidemiology and trauma patient access to emergency imaging and surgery during the pandemic response.MethodsThe population of interest was all trauma patients captured in the hospital's trauma registry from 16 March 2016 to 10 September 2020. Regression modelling assessed changes in mechanism and severity of the injury, and mortality during two lockdowns compared with the proceeding 4 years. Cases were matched with hospital administrative databases to assess mean time from admission to emergency computed tomography (CT) scan, operating theatre, length of stay (LOS) and immediate surgery (OPSTAT).ResultsThroughout 2020, the hospital treated 525 COVID‐19 patients. Compared with previous years, there was up to 34% reduction in major trauma and a 28% reduction in minor trauma admissions during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Intensive care unit admissions were almost half of predicted. Some of the largest reductions were seen in motor vehicle crashes (49%) and falls (28%) (p < 0.05). Time to CT, surgery and immediate surgery (OPSTAT) showed no change and having a suspected COVID‐19 diagnosis did not prolong any of these times except for the LOS. Mortality was similar to previous years.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had widespread societal changes, resulting in a substantial decrease in trauma presentations. Despite COVID's immense impact on the hospital's trauma service, the quality of care was not impaired.
Role of Ultra‐widefield Imaging in the evaluation of Long‐term change of highly myopic fundus
Authors: Oh Baek‐Lok , Park Un Chul , Kim Bo Hee , Lee Eun Kyoung , Yoon Chang Ki , Choe Hye Rim , Yeon Dong Yun , Yu Hyeong Gon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of posterior staphyloma identified using ultra‐widefield fundus imaging on the long‐term progression of myopic maculopathy in highly myopic patients.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, highly myopic patients who were followed up for at least 5 years using ultra‐widefield fundus imaging were analysed for fundus abnormalities and the progression of myopic maculopathy based on the International Meta‐analysis of Pathologic Myopia classification.ResultsThis study included 390 eyes (210 patients) with the mean follow‐up period of 69.2 ± 7.5 months (range, 60–88). Posterior staphyloma was identified in 198 eyes (50.8%) in the baseline ultra‐widefield fundus images. The border of staphyloma was not identified within 50° view circle corresponding to conventional fundus photography in 42 eyes (21.2%) with staphyloma, most of that were wide macular type. Progression of myopic maculopathy during follow‐up was observed in 202 eyes (51.8%), and eyes with staphyloma were more likely to show progression compared to those without (142/198 [71.7%] versus 60/192 [31.3%]; p < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, the presence of posterior staphyloma was an independent risk factor for the progression of myopic maculopathy (p = 0.005). One or more peripheral retinal lesions were observed in 302 eyes (77.4%) and 321 eyes (82.3%) in the baseline and final ultra‐widefield fundus images, respectively.ConclusionPosterior staphyloma was associated with the long‐term progression of myopic maculopathy. With a wider field of view, ultra‐widefield fundus imaging is useful for identifying the posterior staphyloma and monitoring the progression of myopic maculopathy in highly myopic patients.
Non‐invasive monitoring of saliva can be used to identify oxidative stress biomarkers in preterm and term newborn infants
Authors: Solaz‐García Alvaro , Lara‐Cantón Inmaculada , Peña‐Bautista Carmen , Cháfer‐Pericás Consuelo , Cañada‐Martínez Antonio José , Pinilla‐González Alejandro , Vento Máximo , Sáenz‐González Pilar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to appraise the feasibility and reproducibility of applying a validated analytical method to determine salivary oxidative stress biomarkers in newborn infants.MethodsProspective observational single‐centre study was carried out in level III neonatal intensive care unit. Eligible patients were preterm infants and healthy full‐term newborn infants. Salivary samples were analysed in the chromatographic system.ResultsA total of 23 premature newborn infants and 13 full‐term newborns were included. We analysed salivary levels of oxidative stress biomarkers for 5‐F2t isoprostane, 15‐E2t isoprostane, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α. The multivariate predictive model showed a positive association between female and 5‐F2t isoprostonae, and between female sex and prostglandin F2α. In addition, we found a positive association between gestational age and levels of prostaglandin E2. Furthermore, in the premature group, we found a positive association between the inspired fraction of oxygen and levels of prostaglandin G2.ConclusionWe identified and determined lipid peroxidation biomarkers in term and preterm newborn infants' saliva using specific and validated mass spectrometry technology.
Piceatannol ameliorates behavioural, biochemical and histological aspects in cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy in rats
Authors: Wahdan Sara A. , Elsherbiny Doaa A. , Azab Samar S. , El‐Demerdash Ebtehal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeripheral neurotoxicity is a dose‐limiting and a potentially lifelong persistent toxicity of cisplatin. This study investigated the possible protective effect of piceatannol (PIC) in a model of cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. PIC (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was given for 7 days, starting 2 days before cisplatin single injection (7 mg/kg, i.p.). Behavioural, biochemical and histological examinations were conducted. Cisplatin administration resulted in thermal hypoalgesia evidenced by increased paw and tail withdrawal latency times in the hotplate and tail flick tests, respectively, and reduced the abdominal constrictions in response to the acetic acid injection. Moreover, cisplatin treatment decreased rat locomotor activity and grip strength. These behavioural alterations were reversed by PIC coadministration. In addition, PIC decreased cisplatin‐induced elevation in serum neurotensin and platinum accumulation in sciatic nerve. Also, PIC reversed, to a large extent, cisplatin‐induced microscopical alterations in nerve axons and restored normal myelin thickness. Therefore, PIC may protect against cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy.
Medicinal cannabis in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Fletcher Sarah , Pawliuk Colleen , Ip Angie , Huh Linda , Rassekh S. Rod , Oberlander Tim F. , Siden Harold 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition estimated to affect 1 in 66 children in Canada and 1 in 270 individuals worldwide. As effective therapies for the management of ASD core and associated symptoms are limited, parents are increasingly turning to clinicians for advice regarding the use of medicinal cannabis to manage behavioural disturbances.ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review was to identify and map symptoms, outcomes and adverse events related to medicinal cannabis treatment for ASD‐related behaviours.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar and grey literature sources were searched up to 5 January 2020 for studies. Included studies met the following criteria: (1) investigate the use of medicinal cannabis, (2) at least 50% participants had ASD, (3) at least 50% of the study population was 0–18 years old and (4) any study design (published or unpublished).ResultsWe identified eight completed and five ongoing studies meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies reported substantial behaviour and symptom improvement on medicinal cannabis, with 61% to 93% of subjects showing benefit. In the three studies reporting on concomitant psychotropic medication usage and with cannabis use, up to 80% of participants observed a reduction in concurrent medication use. Adverse events related to cannabis use were reported in up to 27% of participants related, and two participants had psychotic events.ConclusionsEarly reports regarding medicinal cannabis in paediatric ASD symptom management are presented as positive; the evidence, however, is limited to very few retrospective cohort and observational studies. Evidence of safety and efficacy from prospective clinical trials is needed.
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma further broadens the phenotype of PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum
Authors: Carli Diana , Kalantari Silvia , Manicone Rosaria , Coppo Paola , Francia di Celle Paola , La Selva Roberta , Santoro Federica , Ranieri Carlotta , Cardaropoli Simona , Fagioli Franca , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Resta Nicoletta , Mussa Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare locally aggressive mixed vascular tumor, with typical onset in early childhood and characterized by progressive angio‐ and lymphangiogenesis. Its etiopathogenesis and molecular bases are still unclear. Here, we report the first case of congenital KHE harboring a PIK3CA mosaic pathogenic variant (c.323G > A, p.Arg108His) in a boy with very subtle PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) features. This finding provides insights into the pathophysiology of KHE, offering targeted therapeutic options by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. We propose the inclusion of this mixed lymphatic and vascular anomaly within the PROS.
AlasdairMacIntyre, universities, and the common good
Authors: Smith Nicholas H. , Dunstall Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBest known as a political philosopher, Alasdair MacIntyre is also a critic of the modern university. The paper examines the grounds of MacIntyre's criticism of modern universities; it offers an assessment of the philosophical debate occasioned by MacIntyre's writings on the topic; and it proposes a way of taking this debate forward. The debate is shown to be centered around three objections to MacIntyre's normative idea of the university: that it is overly intellectualist, parochial, and moralizing. The merits of these objections are considered and a different interpretation of the normative core of MacIntyre's conception of the university is presented: realization and promotion of the common good. An analysis is offered of the kinds of common good universities may serve to realize, including practices internal to the institution, education of a public, and flourishing relationships in various social roles. The implications of this neo‐Aristotelian analysis of the normative core of universities are also shown to be at odds with some of MacIntyre's explicitly stated views on the role of universities in forming an educated pubic and educating students for work.
Lesion features on magnetic resonance imaging discriminate multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Hurtado Rúa Sandra M. , Kaunzner Ulrike W. , Pandya Sneha , Sweeney Elizabeth , Tozlu Ceren , Kuceyeski Amy , Nguyen Thanh D. , Gauthier Susan A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides insight into various pathological processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may provide insight into patterns of damage among patients.ObjectiveWe sought to determine if MRI features have clinical discriminative power among a cohort of MS patients.MethodsNinety‐six relapsing remitting and seven progressive MS patients underwent myelin water fraction (MWF) imaging and conventional MRI for cortical thickness and thalamic volume. Patients were clustered based on lesion level MRI features using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsOne hundred and three patients with 1689 MS lesions were analyzed. PCA on MRI features demonstrated that lesion MWF and volume distributions (characterized by 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles) accounted for 87% of the total variability based on four principal components. The best hierarchical cluster confirmed two distinct patient clusters. The clustering features in order of importance were lesion median MWF, MWF 25th, MWF 75th, volume 75th percentiles, median individual lesion volume, total lesion volume, cortical thickness, and thalamic volume (all p values <0.01368). The clusters were associated with patient Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (n = 103, p = 0.0338) at baseline and at 5 years (n = 72, p = 0.0337).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that individual MRI features can identify two patient clusters driven by lesion‐based values, and our unique approach is an analysis blinded to clinical variables. The two distinct clusters exhibit MWF differences, most likely representing individual remyelination capabilities among different patient groups. These findings support the concept of patient‐specific pathophysiological processes and may guide future therapeutic approaches.
Various parameters of the multiaxial variable amplitude loading and their effect on fatigue life and fatigue life computation
Authors: Papuga Jan , Margetin Matúš , Chmelko Vladimír 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper discusses various partial solutions used for estimating fatigue life under variable amplitude multiaxial loading in the high‐cycle fatigue domain. The concurring effects are treated, and their proposed solutions are commented upon. The major focus is on the categories of the phase shift effect and of cycle counting and on the scope and quality of data, which support discussed theories. Results of own new experimental data set on specimens from S355 steel are provided. Fatigue life estimates for McDiarmid and Findley multiaxial methods and for two different methods of load path decomposition to cycles are shown to highlight some of the points open for discussion. It is concluded that the available experimental data are not sufficient to substantiate a clear decision to follow a definite algorithm.
In praise of Geography as a field of study for the climate emergency
Authors: Taylor Peter J. , O’Keefe Phil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe argue that Geography should be centre stage for understanding today's climate emergency. It warrants this position because as a field of study it uniquely straddles physical/environmental and human/social scholarships. In the wider academic world, bringing together scholars across this “cultural” divide has traditionally been difficult, and continues to be so in current responses to human‐induced climate change. Specifically, physical scholarship and science dominate at the expense of social scholarship and science. But it is now widely recognised we are living in a time of climate emergency and this simply will not do. Geography as a field of study that bridges these two forms of knowledge has the potential to become strategically relevant in this situation. The concept of risk that links environment and people from the Natural Hazards paradigm is identified as a way in which a holistic Geography can take an important lead in worldwide scholarly inputs into anthropogenic climate change understanding and consequent policy development.