bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Obesity Grade and the Age of the First Acute Coronary Syndrome: Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Demirci Deniz , Demirci Duygu E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The study evaluates how obesity grade is associated with age during the first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and examines the effect of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the age of first ACS in patients with severe obesity. The effect of the degree of obesity on the age of first ACS may disappear in the absence of other CV risk factors Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients diagnosed with first episode of ACS between 2014 and 2019, and categorized them by body mass indices (BMI). Independent variables affecting the age of first ACS were examined by linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 1005 patients (mean age, 57.5 ± 12.3 years; 19.3% female) were included. Patients with ACS with severe obesity were younger than those with ACS in the grade-I obesity, overweight, and normal-weight groups (52.8 ± 9.9 vs.55.3 ± 10.9, 56.8 ± 11.4, and 61.4 ± 4.2, respectively, p < 0.001). BMI had a strong, inverse linear relationship with earlier age of first ACS. After adjustment CV risk factors, patients with severe obesity may experience first ACS sooner than those with normal-weight, overweight, and grade-I obesity (–3.4, −5.6, and –7.1 years, respectively; p < 0.001). However, males and females with severe obesity without CV risk factors experienced first ACS episode 22 and 27 years later, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with severe obesity experience first ACS episode 7.1 years earlier than those with normal-weight. Absence of CV risk factors in people with obesity can improve the potential negative effect of obesity on the ACS age. Trial registration: NCT04578964, 08 October 2020
Cytotoxicity assessment of stabilized black phosphorus nanosheets tailored by directly conjugated polymeric micelles: theranostic effect against human breast cancer cells
Authors: Biedulska M. , Jakóbczyk P. , Sosnowska M. , Dec B. , Muchlińska A. , Zaczek A. J. , Nidzworski D. , Bogdanowicz R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The novel procedure of few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) stabilization and functionalisation was here proposed. The cationic polymer PLL and non-ionic PEG have been involved into encapsulation of FLBP to allow sufficient time for further nanofabrication process and overcome environmental degradation. Two different spacer chemistry was designed to bind polymers to tumor-homing peptides. The efficiency of functionalisation was examined by RP-HPLC, microscopic (TEM and SEM) and spectroscopic (FT-IR and Raman) techniques as well supported by ab-initio modelling. The cell and dose dependent cytotoxicity of FLBP and its bioconjugates was evaluated against HB2, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Functionalisation allowed not only for improvement of environmental stability, but also enhances theranostic effect by abolished the cytotoxicity of FLBP against HB2 cell line. Moreover, modification of FLBP with PLL caused increase of selectivity against highly aggressive breast cancer cell lines. Results indicate the future prospect application of black phosphorus nanosheets as nanocarrier, considering its unique features synergistically with conjugated polymeric micelles.
CO2 laser cutting of glass-fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester (GFRUP): an experimental investigation
Authors: Rejani Ali Rezaei , Hashemzadeh Majid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Glass-fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester (GFRUP) is one the thermoset composites that has many applications in manufacturing productions. CO2 laser cutting of this composite has been significantly developed in industries. It is believed that the presence of glass fibre network in the matrix of thermoset affect the laser cutting process of this composite. In addition, the three-dimensional matrix of monomers along with carbon atoms in the atomic network's joints can also influence the laser cutting parameters. The aim of this research is to experimentally investigate the effect of these complicated structural properties on the CO2 laser cutting of GFRUP sheets. First, the maximum cutting speeds, in which the cut occurs, was obtained for various sheet thicknesses using a variety of powers. The kerf width was measured with using an optical stereo-microscope. Then, the laser cutting mechanism was discussed using the SEM of the cut edge surfaces. The volume cutting efficiency was also studied. The results indicate that the upper kerf width is wider than the lower kerf width. The upper kerf width is larger than the spot size of 0.3 mm. The chaotic striations on the cut edge surface are the re-solidified glass fibres and can be seen as something like stalactites which are in black due to the carbon dust. Opening of the lower kerf due to the shrinkage of the re-solidified glass fibre is reported as a phenomenon. The cutting efficiency decreases as sheet thickness increases.
Atypical DNA methylation, sRNA size distribution and female gametogenesis correlate with genome compaction in Utricularia gibba
Authors: Cervantes-Pérez Sergio Alan , Yong-Villalobos Lenin , Florez-Zapata Nathalia M.V. , Oropeza-Aburto Araceli , Rico-Reséndiz Felix , Amasende-Morales Itzel , Lan Tianying , Martínez Octavio , Vielle-Calzada Jean-Philippe , Albert Victor A. , Herrera-Estrella Luis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The most studied DNA methylation pathway in plants is the RNA Directed DNA Methylation (RdDM), a conserved mechanism that involves the role of noncoding RNAs to control the expansion of the noncoding genome. Genome-wide methylation levels have been reported to correlate with genome size. However, little is known about the catalog of noncoding RNAs and the impact on DNA methylation in compact plant genomes. Because the small genome size of the carnivorous plant Utricularia gibba we investigate the noncoding RNA landscape and global DNA methylation in a compact genome. Here, we report that, compared to other angiosperms, U. gibba has an unusual distribution of noncoding RNAs and reduced global DNA methylation levels, as determined by a novel strategy based on long-read DNA sequencing with the Pacific Bioscience platform and confirmed by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Moreover, reduced DNA methylation correlates with lack of a functional RdDM pathway, as U. gibba DICER-LIKE 3 (DCL3), encoding a DICER endonuclease that produces 24-nt small-interfering RNAs lost key domains required for complete function. Our findings unveil that lack of a functional DCL3 in U. gibba correlates with a decreased proportion of 24-nt small-interfering RNAs, low genome methylation levels, and developmental abnormalities during female gametogenesis that are reminiscent of RdDM mutant phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana. It would be interesting to further study the biological implications of the DCL3 truncation in U. gibba, as it could represent an initial step in the evolution of apomixis in compact genomes.
First Simultaneous Detection of Electron and Positron Bunches at the Positron Capture Section of the SuperKEKB Factory
Authors: Suwada Tsuyoshi , Rehman Muhammad Abdul , Miyahara Fusashi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The direct simultaneous detection of electron and positron bunch signals was successfully performed for the first time with wideband pickups and a detection system at the positron capture section of the SuperKEKB factory. The time interval between the electron and positron bunches, their bunch lengths, and bunch intensities depending on the phase of accelerating structures were measured to investigate their capture process and to maximally optimize the positron intensity. The results show that the time intervals were measured in the range of 135–265 ps, and the line-order switch of the electron and positron bunches in the axial direction was clearly observed as a function of the phase. The positron (electron) intensity was maximized at the optimal phase (180 deg shifted from the optimum). These series of measurements have never been experimentally conducted so far. It is demonstrated that the positron intensity can be systematically optimized with this system as functions of beam parameters in multidimensional spaces for any positron capture section.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio Associated With an Increased Risk of Mortality in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Su Min-I , Liu Cheng-Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with mortality has not been comprehensively explored in critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients. We investigated the association between the NLR and clinical outcomes in CLI.Materials and methods: We retrospectively enrolled consecutive CLI patients during 1/1/2013–12/31/2018. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined NLR cutoffs for 1-year in-hospital, all-cause and cardiac-related mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and limb events (MALEs).Results: Among 195 patients (age, 74.0 years, SD: 11.5; 51.8% male; BMI, 23.4 kg/m2, SD: 4.2), 14.4% exhibited acute limb ischemia. After 1 year, patients with an NLR>8 had higher in-hospital mortality (21.1% vs. 3.6%, P<0.001), all-cause mortality (54.4% vs. 13.8%, P<0.001), cardiac-related mortality (28.1% vs. 6.5%, P<0.001), MACE (29.8% vs. 13.0%, P=0.008), and MALE (28.1% vs. 13.0%, P=0.021) rates than those with an NLR<8. In multivariate logistic regression, an NLR≥8 was significantly associated with all-cause (P<0.001) and cardiac-related (adjusted HR: 5.286, 95% CI: 2.075-13.47, P<0.001) mortality, and an NLR≥6 was significantly associated with MALEs (adjusted HR: 2.804, 95% CI: 1.292-6.088, P=0.009).Conclusion: CLI patients with high NLRs had higher risks of 1-year all-cause and cardiac-related mortality and MALEs. The NLR can be used for prognostic prediction in these patients.
lncRNA028466 Regulates Th1/Th2 Cytokines Expression and Associated with Echinococcus Granulosus Antigen P29 Immunity
Authors: Wang Chan , Yang Songhao , Niu Nan , Tao Jia , Du Xiancai , Yang Jihui , Zhu Mingxing , Wang Yana , zhao wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasite disease that was caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). The recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigen P29 (rEg.P29) has been shown to conferred effective immunity to sheep and mice during Echinococcus granulosus secondary infection in our previous study. In our study, we strove to research the ability of Long noncoding RNA 028466 (lncRNA028466) as a regulator for the protective immunity mediated by rEg.P29 vaccination and studied the effects of lncRNA028466 on CD4+T cells differentiation in mice spleen.Methods: Female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups and were vaccinated subcutaneously with rEg.P29 antigen and PBS as a control (12 mice each group). Following prime-boost vaccination, CD4+T, CD8+T，and B cells from the spleen were isolated by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of lncRNA028466 in these three kinds of cells. Then, lncRNA028466 was over-expressed and knock-downed. Furthermore, were d by qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to evaluate the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10, as well as was flow cytometry was performed to detect the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 subgroups. Results: lncRNA028466 was significantly decreased after the second-week of immunization with rEg.P29 antigen. The proportion of CD4+T cells was increased after rEg.P29 immunization. Subsequent overexpression and knockdown of lncRNA028466 in naive CD4+T cells were performed to detect changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines expression. Overexpression of lncRNA028466 facilitated the production of IL-4, IL-10 and suppressed the production of IFN-γ, IL-2. Furthermore, after transfection with siRNA028466, IL-2 production was facilitated and IL-10 production was suppressed in naive CD4+T cells.Conclusions: Immunization with rEg.P29 down-regulated the expression of lncRNA028466, which was related to a higher Th1 immune response, a higher Th2 immune response with lncRNA028466 overexpression, a higher IL-2 mRNA expression, and a lower IL-10 mRNA expression with lncRNA028466 knockdown. Our results suggest that lncRNA028466 may be involved in rEg.P29-mediated immune response by regulating cytokines expression of Th1 and Th2.
Prehabilitation interventions for patient undergoing Primary Replacement Arthroplasty: Protocol for scoping review
Authors: Jayaraman-Pillay Prithi , Chetty Verusia , Maddocks Stacy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOsteoarthritis ranks fifth among all forms of disability worldwide 1 and it is estimated that 30.8 million adults have osteoarthritis 2. Primary replacement arthroplasty is the surgical treatment of choice to decrease pain and improve quality of life in late-stage OA 5. The current situation in South Africa, which is a lower- and middle-income countries LMICs, is that the waiting lists for arthroplasty is extensive with steep costs involved in the management of these patients in public sector hospitals which serves most of the population 7. Physiotherapist can have an impact on this situation by implementing measures to reduce length of stay postoperatively in the hospital by prehabilitation (Prehab). Hence a need to conduct a scoping review to identify the trends in literature regarding the content as well as the gaps.MethodsThe methodology will involve a literature search as described by Arksey and O’Malley19. The scoping review methods will adopt the framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Literature searches will be conducted in the following electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar and peer-reviewed journal papers will be included based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies will be included to consider different aspects of measuring the effects of physical activity and exercise. Two reviewers will screen all citations and full-text articles and the main reviewer will abstract data, organize them into themes and sub-themes, summarize them, and report the results using a narrative synthesis. The study methodological quality will be appraised using a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.DiscussionThe proposed scoping review will map the breadth of knowledge available on topic of Prehab interventions in patients scheduled to undergo joint arthroplasty in terms of exercise prescription principles and other ways to implement pre-operative optimisation. The scoping review is the first part of a study that aims to design a prehab program suitable for a resource constrained LMICs health care system wherein the demographic and physical characteristics of its health users are unique and independent to the context. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/9fdsh/
Determination of the Occurrence of&nbsp;Toxoplasma Gondii, Giardia Duodenalis&nbsp;and&nbsp;Cryptosporidium&nbsp;spp.&nbsp;in leafy Greens in Marrakech using a Molecular Method
Authors: Berrouch salma , Escotte-Binet Sandie , Madline Atika , Aubert Dominique , Nast Eva , Carbona Stéphanie La , Hoummadi Laila , Dubey Jitender , Hafid Jamaleddine , Villena Isabelle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The association between the parasitic illnesses and the consumption of contaminated food is more and more described. However, there is still a lack of studies investigating the occurrence of parasitic contamination in food matrices. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of T. gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and G. duodenalis cysts, in three leafy greens (coriander, lettuce and parsley) commonly consumed raw.Methods: A total of 152 leafy green samples were collected in Marrakech from April 2018 to October 2019. Parasites were eluted and concentrated before detection of their DNA by real-time qPCR. Results: The analysis revealed an overall rate of contamination of 32.2% (49/152), with 29.6% (45/152) positive for T. gondii, 2.6% (4/152) for G. duodenalis, while Cryptosporidium spp was not detected. Conclusion: The results showed that leafy greens vegetables available in markets of Morocco are subjected to protozoan parasites contaminations. Thus, humans can be exposed to these parasites through vegetables consumption. Further investigations can be performed to acquire new epidemiological data on the health risk of these protozoan diseases in Morocco.
Radiological Classification and Clinical Results of Arthroscopic and Open Surgical Release for Elbow Osteoarthritis: A Two-Center Comparative Case Series
Authors: Tatebe Masahiro , Morita Akimasa , Kurahashi Toshikazu , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the image classification and clinical results in cases of debridement arthroplasty for elbow osteoarthritis and to compare between open and arthroscopic surgery performed at two independent facilities. Methods Of the 51 patients who underwent surgery for elbow osteoarthritis performed by two doctors, 36 patients whom we were able to observe for more than 6 months were included. One doctor performed open surgery at one hospital, while another doctor performed arthroscopic surgery at the other hospital. There were 15 cases of open surgery (group O) and 21 cases of arthroscopic surgery (group A). All patients were examined for the range of motion, Hand20 score, and pain. The degree of osteoarthritis was examined using the Broberg and Morrey classification and Hastings and Rettig classification. The intra- and interobserver degree of agreement of the two classifications were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsThe range of motion improved in both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to incidence of ulnar symptoms, operation time, postoperative Hand20 score, postoperative pain, and degree of radiological osteoarthritis. The intra- and interobserver degree of agreement for radiological classifications were moderate to substantial and moderate, respectively. There was no correlation between the clinical results and radiological classifications. One patient in group A showed ectopic ossification but no serious complications or adverse events, such as nerve damage, were observed in either group. ConclusionsAt the time of the final follow-up, nearly the same results were observed in both groups. No relationship was found between symptoms and radiological osteoarthritis classification scores. Level of EvidenceTreatment study Level III
First report of Cactodera milleri Graney and Bird, 1990 from Colorado and Minnesota
Authors: Skantar Andrea M. , Handoo Zafar A. , Kantor Mihail R. , Hafez Saad L. , Hult Maria N. , Kromroy Kathryn , Sigurdson Kimberly , Grabowski Michelle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 2019, Cactodera milleri cysts were discovered from soil samples collected from a Chenopodium quinoa field, located in Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. Approximately 200 lemon shaped cysts and several hundred juveniles were recovered from the affected quinoa plants. The same species was also identified from several counties in Minnesota from samples submitted over the years by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture as part of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) efforts to survey states for the presence of Pale Potato Cyst Nematode. The cysts and juveniles (J2) were recovered from soil samples through sieving and Baermann funnel extraction. The nematode species was identified by both morphological and molecular means as Cactodera milleri (Graney and Bird, 1990). To our knowledge this represents the first report of Cactodera milleri from Colorado and Minnesota.
INVESTIGAÇÃO DIALÓGICA NA SALA DE AULA DE CIÊNCIAS: ETNOPESQUISA-FORMAÇÃO COM PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA
Authors: Guidotti Charles Dos Santos , Heckler Valmir 
Published: February 2021

O artigo apresenta compreensões de uma etnopesquisa-formação com professores, acerca da investigação dialógica na sala de aula de Ciências. Abrange a constituição do campo empírico, delimitada a análise de 43 relatos produzidos por professores do campo da Ciências da Natureza (Química, Física, Biologia e Ciências) em formação nas edições dos anos 2016 e 2017 do projeto de extensão CIRANDAR, desenvolvido em uma Universidade Pública Brasileira em parceria com Escolas de Educação Básica. Constitui-se a análise a partir da linguagem expressa nas produções textuais, com base na questão norteadora do estudo o que é isso que se mostra da investigação nos relatos dos professores de Ciências em formação no CIRANDAR? Assume-se a etnopesquisa-formação em uma abordagem fenomenológica hermenêutica como meio de construção epistemológica. As informações foram analisadas seguindo os princípios da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), em que emergiram quatro categorias finais. Neste texto, apresentamos compreensões referentes à categoria IV) Investigação dialógica na sala de aula de Ciências em que a investigação dialógica é assumida pelo coletivo de professores analisado, como estratégia didático-pedagógica desencadeada pela problematização, com questionamentos dos estudantes e professores ao operar, de forma coletiva, informações e linguagem científica no constituir, negociar e comunicar significados na sala de aula de Ciências.
SARS-CoV-2 Proteins: Are They Useful as Targets for COVID-19 Drugs and Vaccines?
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Elimam Ahamed 
Published: February 2021

:
The proteins of coronavirus are classified to nonstructural, structural, and accessory. There are 16 nonstructural viral proteins beside their precursors (1a and 1ab polyproteins). The nonstructural proteins are named as nsp1 to nsp16 and they act as enzymes, coenzymes, and binding proteins to facilitate the replication, transcription, and translation of the virus. The structural proteins are bound to the RNA in the nucleocapsid (N- protein) or to the lipid bilayer membrane of the viral envelope. The lipid bilayer proteins include the membrane protein (M), envelope protein (E), and spike protein (S). Beside their role as structural proteins, they are essential for the host cells binding and invasion. The SARS-CoV-2 contains six accessory proteins which participates in the viral replication, assembly and virus- host interactions. The SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins are orf3a, orf6, orf7a, orf7b, orf8, and orf10. The functions of the SARS-CoV-2 are not well known, while the functions of their corresponding proteins in SARS-CoV are either well known or poorly studied. Recently, the Oxford University and Pfizer and BioNTech made SARS-CoV-2 vaccines through targeting the spike protein gene. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the health authorities of the United Kingdom approved and started vaccination using the Pfizer and BioNTech mRNA vaccine. Also, The FDA of USA approved the treatment of COVID-19 using two monoclonal antibodies produced by Regeneron pharmaceuticals to target the spike protein. The SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be used for the diagnosis, as drug targets and in vaccination trials for COVID-19. For future COVID-19 research, more efforts should be done to elaborate the functions and structure of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins so as to use them as targets for COVID-19 drug and vaccines. Special attention should be drawn to extensive research on the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3, orf8, and orf10.