bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Adaptive Interaction Systems for Virtual Museum Development
Authors: Khundam Chaowanan , Nöel Frédéric 
Published: December 2021

Virtual Museum (VM) is an application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology generating realistic visualization and sensation to convince museum visitors to interact with digital content. There are many immersive VR devices that support interactive VM applications. We investigate appropriate devices for interaction within VM. We proposed a Storytelling platform to achieve device organization without modification, the story and interaction were self-adapted to the selected device. Three types of interactive content were designed on our Storytelling platform to be applied on different interaction systems: a 2D standard display, a 3D stereoscopic display and a full immersive CAVE. The results showed different performances of each system supporting VM developers to select an appropriate interaction system. The evaluation contributes to the design of content and interaction of VM development with more efficiency based on user requirements.
HIGHLIGHTS

Three types of interactive content were designed on our Storytelling platform to be applied on different interaction systems: A 2D standard display, a 3D stereoscopic display, and a full immersive CAVE
The 2D Powerwall system with a wide range of views provides immersion. However, with two-dimensional displays, users lack depth perception
Users spent more time in selection and manipulation in the 3D stereoscopic system because depth perception is added
The CAVE system has user attraction or holding power, users spent more interacting time

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Reproductive Characteristics of the Selected Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Clones after Regenerated from the Somatic Embryogenesis Culture
Authors: Entuni Gibson , Nori Hollena , Edward Rebicca , Jaafar Ahmad Kamil bin Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive characteristics of 4 elite cocoa clones (MCBC1, PBC230, KKM22 and KKM4) propagated via somatic embryogenesis culture. From the findings, all clones have similar reproductive characteristics with clones from conventional grafted. However, only KKM4 clone from immature zygotic embryo culture produced the shortest staminode to style distance of 1.83 mm. This consequently influenced flower stability by reducing the efficiency of pollination by insects. It was found that this clone also has the highest number of flowers drop after anthesis (5 flowers) and lowest production of cherelle (5 cherelles). Further observation revealed that floral development from first bud visible (BBCH51) to flower anthesis (BBCH68) of all clones took around 31 days. These cocoa flowers which remained receptive soon after anthesis at 10 am (day-31) until the next day (day-32) suggesting 2 days’ period of receptivity.
HIGHLIGHTS

It is crucial to assess the presence of off-type characteristics in the reproductive organ structure such as the distance between staminode to style, period of reproductive cycle and stigmatic receptivity of cocoa clones regenerated from somatic embryogenesis
The converging and parallel type of staminode to style distances are the ideal flower spatial arrangements for the optimal pollination in cocoa plant compared to splay type
Only KKM4 clone propagated from immature zygotic embryo culture showed variation in the distance between staminode to style distance and this caused pollination failure by insect which then consequently caused minimum cherelle production
All regenerated cocoa clones observed with typical period of the reproductive cycle and stigmatic receptivity

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
3D Structural Model and Visualization of Blood Vessels Based on L-System
Authors: Ritraksa Siriprapa , Mekchay Khamron 
Published: December 2021

The insight in structures of the blood vessels is a basis for study of blood flows to help understanding the abnormalities of blood vessels that can cause vascular diseases. Basic concept used for constructing structures of blood vessels in organs is arterial branching, which is usually characterized by fractal similarity in the bifurcation pattern. In this work, the concept of Lindenmayer system (L-system) is modified for three-dimensional (3D) tree-like structures to model structures of blood vessels in organs, and then, applied to construct and visualize structural blood vessels via our software created based on openGL and Lazarus program. The structure of blood vessels is constructed based on the physiological law of arterial branching proposed Murray (Murray’s law) under additional assumptions and constraints such as the spreading of blood vessels to cover all directions, the angle condition and the non-overlapping vessels condition. The concept is applied to simulate structures of blood vessels in 3 study cases, including symmetric arterial branching, non-symmetric arterial branching and structure of blood vessel on different domains. The results of structures of blood vessels generated from all cases are measured based on the number of segments, the total blood volume and the fractal dimension. The results of modeling and simulation in this work are illustrated by comparing with other results appeared literature. Moreover, the constructed structures of the blood vessels based on this 3D L-system could be useful for future research such as blood flow, pressure and other properties involving in structures of blood vessels in different organs of human and animals.
HIGHLIGHTS

A new 3D L-system is developed based on directional vectors for construction of 3D tree-like structures such as structures of blood vessels
The model of structures of blood vessels is constructed based on the physiological laws of arterial branching (Murray’s law) with additional assumptions on the spreading of blood vessels, the angle condition, and the non-overlapping of blood vessels
Algorithm and software are developed based on L-system to simulate and visualize 3D structures of blood vessels

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Single Droplet Combustion Characteristics of Petroleum Diesel- Philippine Tung Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Hamidi Nurkholis , Nugroho Joko 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of fuel blending of petroleum diesel and biodiesel made from Philippine Tung on the combustion characteristics of fuel droplets. In this study, petroleum diesel was mixed with biodiesel at volume percentages of 0 to 100 % to produce 5 fuel blends. The ratios of fuel blends (petroleum volume/biodiesel volume) were 100:0 (P100), 75:25 (BP25), 50:50 (BP50), 25:75 (BP75) and 0:100 (B100). Single droplet combustion experiments were prepared to understand the combustion characteristics at 3 levels of ambient pressure (100, 200 and 300 kPa). Observations were carried out on the ignition delay time, the burning rate constant, droplet temperature, and the flame visualization. The results showed some effects of the adding of biodiesel in petroleum diesel and the chamber pressure on droplet combustion characteristics. The adding of biodiesel into petroleum diesel resulted in a shorter ignition delay time and higher burning rate constants. But, the lower heating value of biodiesel caused the lower flame temperature. The possibility of micro-explosion also increased due to the mixing of fuel. On the other hand, increasing the chamber pressure also resulted in shorter ignition delay, higher burning rate, and higher combustion temperature. The higher ambient pressure also compressed the flame dimension and enhanced the onset of micro-explosion.
HIGHLIGHTS

The adding of biodiesel into petroleum diesel with different physical and chemical properties impacts the droplet combustion behavior, especially on the characteristics of burning rate, ignition delay time, flame temperature, and micro explosion
The high content of unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen in Philippine Tung biodiesel improves the ignition delay time and burning rate constants of the blended fuel, but, the lower heating value causes the lower flame temperature
The multi-components of fatty acids with different boiling points in Philippine Tung oil promote the micro-explosion in the combustion of the mixtures of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Potential of Biogas Production with Co-Digestion between Food Waste and Cow Dung
Authors: Pakvilai Nisa 
Published: December 2021

The objective of this research was to analyze the potential of biogas production with co-digestion between food waste and cow dung. The experiment research was batched with small scale and scale up with semi-continuous, temperature was operated within 35 - 37 °C. The suitable condition for biogas production between food waste and cow dung was presented with 75:25 (T1). 55 mL of the biogas potential was obtained which is considered as small scale. Thus, the scale up was presented in 75:25 (T1) ratio. In term of scale up the biogas obtained from the production is 650 ml which is higher than small scale. The scale up reactor of biogas production was 100 liters. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from 30,000 to 5,000 - 7,000 mL L-1. The efficiency of COD was obtained 76.67 - 83.3 %, respectively. In term of total solid, it was decreased from 19,000 to 16,500 mL L-1. Initial VFA was presented 4,000 mL L-1, and final was presented 3,800 mL L-1, respectively. However, the biogas production from food waste and cow dung can enhance the performance of municipal solid waste and alternative energy production. Finally, the finding of co-digestion in biogas production system suggested utilization in household and communities.
HIGHLIGHTS

Food waste is the major waste in household, and it has high potential for energy production
Co-digestion in biogas production system that suggested utilization in household and communities
The biogas production from food waste and cow dung can enhance the performance of municipal solid waste and alternative energy production

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
DETERMINANTS OF MORTGAGE LOAN REPAYMENT IN GHANA
Authors: Ampofo Justice Agyei , Mantey Isaac 
Published: December 2021

The housing deficit in Ghana is an issue of concern for all. This study sought to analyse the determinants of the repayment of mortgage loans in Ghana. The study used both secondary and primary data. The mixed-method approach was used for the study. The data collection instruments were interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The study revealed that socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, sex distribution of respondents, educational level of respondents, marital status of respondents, occupational status of respondents, household size of respondents, the income of respondents are some of the factors that affect the repayment of mortgage loans in Ghana. The study revealed that borrowers who earned higher income had a better repayment performance as compared to low income earning borrowers. In addition, higher household sizes have lower repayment capacity and lower household sizes have higher repayment capacity. The study recommends that the government of Ghana should institute state bodies responsible for providing liquidity to mortgages and mortgage properties and buying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates is a way of creating a secondary mortgage market for the Ghanaian mortgage industry.
Keywords: Determinants, Mortgage, Repayment, Ghana.
Guru Thoriqah Alawiyyin di Tanah Betawi Abad 20
Authors: ST Aji Setiawan 
Published: December 2021

Habib Abdurrahman as-Segaf is no stranger to the people around Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). The owner of the complete greeting al-Walid al-Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qodir Assegaf is one of the important scholars who played a major role in the development of Islam in the metropolitan area. The figure born in 1908 in Cimanggu Bogor is known as a sincere educator. He dedicated his life to teaching his knowledge to the people. In fact, from a young age, he was believed to teach at Madrasah Jami'at al-Khair, the oldest formal Islamic educational institution in Batavia, at that time. The passion to fight to teach knowledge from al-Walid, as he is familiarly called, has crystallized when he was young. At the age of 20, he moved to Bukit Duri, South Jakarta. Armed with religious knowledge that had been obtained during his studies, he established his own educational institution named Tsaqafah Islamiyah. The institution that focuses on teaching religious science still survives until now in the midst of the hustle and bustle of Jakarta.
Nama Habib Abdurrahman as-Segaf tak asing bagi masyarakat di sekitar Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi (Jabodetabek). Pemilik sapaan lengkap al-Walid al-Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qodir Assegaf ini merupakan salah satu ulama penting yang berperan besar dalam perkembangan Islam di kawasan metropolitan tersebut. Tokoh kelahiran 1908 di Cimanggu Bogor ini dikenal sebagai pendidik yang tulus ikhlas. Ia mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk mengajarkan ilmunya kepada umat. Bahkan, sejak usianya masih muda, ia dipercaya mengajar di Madrasah Jami'at al-Khair, lembaga pendidikan Islam formal tertua yang ada di Batavia, ketika itu. Semangat untuk berjuang mengajarkan ilmu dari al-Walid, demikian ia akrab disapa, telah mengkristal saat usianya muda. Pada umur 20 tahun, ia hijrah ke Bukit Duri, Jakarta Selatan. Berbekal ilmu agama yang telah diperoleh selama menimba ilmu, ia mendirikan lembaga pendidikan sendiri yang diberi nama Tsaqafah Islamiyah. Lembaga yang fokus pada pengajaran ilmu agama itu masih tetap bertahan hingga kini di tengah-tengah hiruk pikuk Jakarta.
Fragmen Diskursus Islam Nusantara
Authors: Muzayanah Fitrotul 
Published: December 2021

Islam nusantara is present as a thought based on the history of the ancestors. The influx of Islam in Indonesia is clearly not through conquest, colonization, or warfare, but through the inner rooms of religious and cultural relations through the benefit of trade, marriage, civility, and cultural practices.
It is no wonder that nusantara's legacy has been created by sanad scientists, literature, audio compositions, cultural traditions and architecture. Everything becomes a separate color in the islamic khazanah region.
Why is that? Because in the nascent fragment of the islamic discourse there has always been a posturing attitude: tawassuth (moderate), tawazun (fair), tasamuh (tolerant), I 'tidal (upright, consistent, istiqamah), amar ma 'ruf mungkar, proposes of good works, prevent all that devalues humanity.

Islam Nusantara hadir sebagai pemikiran yang berlandaskan pada sejarah nenek moyang. Masuknya Islam di Indonesia sudah jelas tidak melalui penaklukan, kolonisasi, maupun peperangan, akan tetapi melalui ruang batin relasi keagamaan dan kebudayaan.
Dengan memanfaatkan praktik perdagangan, pernikahan, kekerabatan, dan senibudaya.Sehingga tidak heran mampu menciptakan banyak sekali warisan Islam Nusantara berupa keilmuan-sanad, karya sastra, gubahan seni suara, tradisi budaya dan seni arsitektur. Semuanya menjadi warna tersendiri dalam khazanah Islam Nusantara.
Kenapa demikian? karena dalam fragmen diskursus Islam nusantara selalu mengedepankan sikap: Tawassuth (moderat), Tawazun (berimbang), Tasamuh (toleran), I’tidal (Tegak, Konsisten, Istiqamah), Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Mungkar, mengajak perbuatan baik, mencegah semua hal yang merendahkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan.
Narasi Islam dalam Studi Orientaslisme dan Post Kolonialisme
Authors: Anshori Aik Iksan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper will try to uncover the affair of orientalism and (post) colonialism in which the orientalist discourse, at the practical level, cannot be separated from the intertwined network of colonialism. In fact, between the two there is a reciprocal relationship that is so intimate in the form of cultural hegemony of orientalism which is fully supported by the authority of colonialism or vice versa, depending on the frame of the object being studied. But the first option is more appropriate to be my choice--for the sake of adaptation of the basic theme that will be raised. This lengthy presentation, aside from presenting paradoxical historical accounts between the two—in fact, each has its own historical identity—it will also strip down the motivation, background and epistema of the two. And with a little rash, because of my limitations, it can also be said as a case study of both at once.

Tulisan ini akan mencoba menguak perselingkuhan orientalisme dan (post) kolonialisme dimana wacana orientalis, dalam tataran praksis, tidak bisa dilepaskan dari jejaring kolonialisme yang bererat-kelindan. Bahkan antar keduannya ada hubungan timbal balik yang begitu mesra berupa hegemoni kebudayaan orientalisme yang disokong penuh oleh otoritas kekuasaan kolonialisme atau bisa juga kesebalikannya, bergantung frame objek yang dikaji. Namun opsi yang pertama lebih tepat jadi pilihan saya--demi adaptasi dari tema dasar yang akan diangkat. Paparan panjang ini, disamping akan mempresentasikan paparan-paparan sejarah yang paradoks antar keduanya—bahkan sejatinya masing-masing memiliki ciri identitas sejarah sendiri—pun juga akan mempreteli motivasi, latar belakang dan epistema keduannya. Dan dengan sedikit gegabah, karena keterbatasan saya, bisa dikatakan pula sebagai studi kasus keduanya sekaligus.
Mendamaikan Tradisi Muslim dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Modern
Authors: Rofiq Nur , Hasbi M Zidny Nafi' 
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to find out the results of Nidhal Guessoum's thoughts on his studies on Islam and contemporary science issues contained in his book entitled "Islam's Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science". Nidhal Guessoum's thoughts in the book, particularly in the Islamic section and contemporary science issues that can be understood through the four subsections he divides namely (1) Islam and Cosmology, which discuss Islam about the way one expresses his views freely; (2) Islam and the Rancanan Argument, which is about Islam and the arguments expressed by men such as about the law or social experience; (3) Islam and the Anthropic Principle, which deals with Islam and the revolution of human scientific thought, and (4) Islam and Evolution, which is to discuss Islam and the process of human evolution based on Darwin's theory.
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pemikiran Nidhal Guessoum tentang kajian Islam dan isu-isu sains kontemporer yang tertuang dalam bukunya yang berjudul “Islam’s Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science”. Pemikiran Nidhal Guessoum dalam buku tersebut, khususnya pada bagian Islam dan isu-isu sains kontemporer yang dapat dipahami melalui empat sub-bab yaitu, (1) Islam dan Kosmologi, yakni yang membahas mengenai Islam kaitannya dengan cara seseorang mengutarakan pandangan-pandangannya secara bebas; (2) Islam dan Argumen Rancanan, yakni yang membahas mengenai Islam dan argumen-argumen yang diutarakan manusia seperti tentang hukum atau pengalaman sosial; (3) Islam dan Prinsip Antropik, yakni yang membahas tentang Islam dan revolusi pemikiran ilmiah manusia, serta (4)Islam dan Evolusi, yakni membahas tentang Islam dan proses evolusi manusia berdasarkan teori Darwin.
08. New Education Policy 2020 and the Curriculum of BS Urdu
Authors: Dr. Salma Aslam Dr. Muhammad Hamid, 
Published: December 2021

BS is the main phase of Pakistan’s education system. Major portion of the higher education-seeking students reach this level of education. That is why, it carries much importance in the system. Its curriculum is going under continuous observation and consequent changes. Curriculum of BS Urdu also underwent three times changes since 2009. The curriculum was first developed by HEC in 2009. It was modified and updated in 2013. “The Undergraduate Education Policy 2020” is the latest document in this connection. The policy was issued to update the curriculum and conform it to the modern world needs. Practical and Job-oriented approach is the main focus of this policy which reflects in the nine weeks compulsory Standard Internship and entrepreneurship. In this article, the major changes and modifications suggested through this policy have been analyzed and the subsequent conclusion and recommendations have been presented.
The Srebrenica Massacre and the Dayton Treaty in The Context of the Sovereignty
Authors: ŞEHİTOĞLU Recep 
Published: December 2021

The Srebrenica massacre happened in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995 followed by the Dayton Treaty, and this study tries to analyze the treaty in the concept of sovereignty. It also evaluates the views and conversations of Bosnian leader Aliya Izetbegovic before and after the war, who signed the treaty and lead during the war. It tries to find an answer to the question of whether the treaty had a positive or negative outcome for the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a nation-state.
This study focuses on the Srebrenica massacre, its importance and the developments that occurred after. The literature related to this subject is transferred over the concepts of power and sovereignty, which are indispensable for being a sovereign state and have rich definitions in the field of social sciences. The study discusses the post-Balkanization of erstwhile Yugoslavia and whether the Dayton Treaty aided the stability of the region which was divided into smaller nation-states. It reflects on the unique troika-member presidential system and how it has led to the cementation of specific ethnic and religious groupings due to the implementation of the treaty.
The study also gives a demographic character of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the war that resulted in a genocide of at least 8000 Muslims.
براہوئی ادب ‘ ادبی ادارہ او نوشتوک آتا کڑد
Authors: Nilofer Usman  , Dr.Liaquat Ali Sani  , Yousaf Rodeni  
Published: December 2021

This research article describes the role of Brahui literary circles, which have played a vital role for the preservation and promotion of Brahui Language, Literature and build a literary tendency. This paper also shows how the internal disagreement between learned established new literary circles. Few prominent personalities like Noor Muhammad Parwana, Nawab Ghaus Bakhsh Raisani, Babo Abudl Rehman Kurd, Abdul Rehman Brahui, Syed Kamal al-Qadri and others have initiated this work in Brahui literary history. Now more the two dozen registered and non-registered Brahui literary originations working for betterment of Brahui literature. Every origination has set their separate Moto and vision, few of them promote Brahui Modern poetry few have introduced new literary tendencies, few have urged that criticism is better for new thoughts and new trend in Brahui literature. This research paper helps to understand the different periods in Brahui literature in context of Brahui originations. A descriptive research method will have been adopted to conclude this paper.
پن ریچ نا فکری جاچ
Authors: Rehmat Ullah  , Dr.Manzoor Baloch  
Published: December 2021

Poetry is a type of literature based on the interplay of words and rhythm. It often employs rhyme and meter (a set of rules governing the number and arrangement of syllables in each line). In poetry, words are strung together to form sounds, images, and ideas that might be too complex or abstract to describe directly. Iqbal Nazir is a well-known Brahui Poet of this era. This research has fascinating analysis of Iqbal Nazir's poetry in brief.