bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal A3 adenosine receptor activation acutely restores morphine antinociception in opioid tolerant male rats
Authors: Leduc‐Pessah Heather , Xu Cynthia , Fan Churmy Y. , Dalgarno Rebecca , Kohro Yuta , Sparanese Sydney , Burke Nikita N. , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Altier Christophe , Salvemini Daniela , Trang Tuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOpioids are potent analgesics, but their pain‐relieving effects diminish with repeated use. The reduction in analgesic potency is a hallmark of opioid analgesic tolerance, which hampers opioid pain therapy. In the central nervous system, opioid analgesia is critically modulated by adenosine, a purine nucleoside implicated in the beneficial and detrimental actions of opioid medications. Here, we focus on the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) in opioid analgesic tolerance. Intrathecal administration of the A3AR agonist MRS5698 with daily systemic morphine in male rats attenuated the reduction in morphine antinociception over 7 days. In rats with established morphine tolerance, intrathecal MRS5698 partially restored the antinociceptive effects of morphine. However, when MRS5698 was discontinued, these animals displayed a reduced antinociceptive response to morphine. Our results suggest that MRS5698 acutely and transiently potentiates morphine antinociception in tolerant rats. By contrast, in morphine‐naïve rats MRS5698 treatment did not impact thermal nociceptive threshold or affect antinociceptive response to a single injection of morphine. Furthermore, we found that morphine‐induced adenosine release in cerebrospinal fluid was blunted in tolerant animals, but total spinal A3AR expression was not affected. Collectively, our findings indicate that spinal A3AR activation acutely potentiates morphine antinociception in the opioid tolerant state.
Assessing the land degradation and greening response to changes in hydro‐climatic variables using a conceptual framework: A case‐study in central India
Authors: Palmate Santosh S. , Pandey Ashish , Pandey Rajendra P. , Mishra Surendra K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractField‐based investigations of land use/cover changes are time‐consuming and challenging for large areas, where short‐ and long‐term changes in climatic and hydrologic variables affect ecosystem services. Thus, there is a substantial demand to boost the new modelling framework and employ remote sensing capabilities to quantify hydro‐climatic impacts on land dynamics. In this study, a conceptual framework has used to assess the climatic land greening, climatic land degradation, nonclimatic (hydrological) land greening, and nonclimatic (anthropogenic) land degradation responses with hydro‐climatic variables under dry and wet spells' effect in the Betwa River basin (BRB) of central India. Remotely sensed moderate‐resolution imaging spectro‐radiometer (MODIS) (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and land cover) time‐series datasets had been used to quantify spatiotemporal changes in major land use/cover classes. The standardized coefficients for rainfall (β = 0.62) and relative humidity (β = 0.32) showed their high relative importance in the relationship analysis performed using multiple linear regression (MLR). The result indicates that dominant agricultural cropland has been significantly impacted by changes in maximum and diurnal temperature, which affirm degradation, and positively responded by changes in rainfall, minimum temperature, and aridity index, which demonstrate greening wet period. Spatial analysis showed that land degradation affecting ecosystem services had been variedly distributed from the upper to lower basin due to more climatic impacts than anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, the developed conceptual framework can be adopted to discover dynamic land consequences and understand their responses for sustaining ecosystem services in the dominant agricultural region.
Chief editors in aquatic science and communication are more likely to oversee editorial boards from their own regions
Authors: Araújo Rafael J. , Shideler Geoffrey S. , Reamer Marcus B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examined editorial board composition for aquatic science (AS, n = 217) and communication (CM, n = 308) journals indexed in Scimago's database in 2017 to explore geographic diversity, relationship between location of editors and their board members, and geographical relationship between editors and scientific output. We found that most journals in both fields are published in Europe (AS 50%, CM 62.3%) yet editors in AS (n = 6,194) are based mostly in Europe (35.7%) whereas editors in CM (n = 13,687) are based mostly in Northern America (47.8%). Chief editors are inclined to choose board members from their own geographical region, and this is commonplace regardless of geographic region. Scientific output is greatest in Europe (28.6% AS, 30.4% CM) followed by Northern America. In general, the number of editors per region aligns with each region's scientific output, although we found editorial underrepresentation for East Asia (AS) and South Asia and Europe (CM). Per country, relationships are idiosyncratic for each field and nation with notable editorial surpluses (when paired to scientific output) in the United States and the United Kingdom (both fields) and editorial deficits in China and India (both fields).
Spatio‐temporal changes in dissolved organic matter composition along the salinity gradient of a marsh‐influenced estuarine complex
Authors: Letourneau Maria L. , Schaefer Sylvia C. , Chen Huan , McKenna Amy M. , Alber Merryl , Medeiros Patricia M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe interconnected estuarine complex of the Altamaha River and adjacent sounds located in Georgia (USA) functions as a hotspot for organic matter transformation as it is transported to the Atlantic Ocean. Here, we investigated how dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition changes both spatially and seasonally along the estuary and how it influences bacterial processing. Surface samples were collected during high tide at fifteen stations throughout the estuary in April, July, October 2017, and January 2018. Bulk, optical, and molecular analyses were conducted on samples before and after dark incubations to assess DOM sources and transformation patterns in the system. The dominant driver of change in DOM composition was found to be the terrigenous‐marine gradient in organic matter sources. Six distinct clusters were identified based on the terrigenous signature of the DOM pool, explaining 45% of the variance in DOM composition in the system. Bacterial consumption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was strongly influenced by DOM composition, with increased degradation rates for DOM with a larger terrigenous character. However, changes in optical properties suggested that less aromatic DOM that co‐varied with the terrigenous material was preferentially degraded. The passage of Hurricane Irma in September 2017 resulted in a 27% ± 7% increase in DOC content, likely due to inundation associated with storm surge and increased local precipitation, and DOC biodegradation was 17% ± 8% higher than during summer. These effects lasted for at least one month after the storm, revealing that hurricanes can have a large impact on DOM composition and cycling in coastal systems.
Visualization ability and the elaborations that sustain product desire
Authors: Richins Marsha L. , Balducci Bitty 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough product desire is a central force driving consumption, much remains unknown about the internal processes that contribute to consumers' desires to purchase a product. This study focuses on these internal processes and draws on elaborated intrusion theory to understand how product desire develops and is reinforced by mental elaborations. Extant theory is extended to better fit consumption contexts by introducing transformation expectations as the mediator through which elaborations impact product desire, and visualization ability is identified as an important moderator of the elaboration process. Across two surveys and two experiments, findings show that thinking about or visualizing ownership of a desired product increases expectations about transformations that will occur as a result of product acquisition. However, this result is not constant across consumers but rather occurs only for those high in visualization ability. Findings also show that the effect of elaboration on desire appears to accumulate over time, but that even a single visual elaboration serves to increase product desire among those high in visualization ability. Results also indicate that the elaboration‐desire sequence can influence consumers' willingness to take on debt to purchase a wished‐for product, especially for those with high visualization ability.
Miniaturized dual‐mode ultra‐wideband filter using sector substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Zhang Yonghong , Wan Xiang , Jing Huaishu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA miniaturized dual‐mode ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter employing a single sector substrate integrated waveguide (SSIW) is proposed and designed. In this design, a SSIW cavity with a significantly small angle 2.2° introduces the filter to be realizable for UWB characteristics, and further miniaturized size. Moreover, this structure permits the locations of the transmission zeros to be controlled independently, thus enhancing the proposed filter selectivity and flexibility. This filter with great performances has been designed and fabricated, and it possesses obvious advantages of low loss, compact size, and wide bandwidth.
Fast interrogation of dynamic low‐finesse Fabry‐Perot interferometers: A review
Authors: Liu Qiang , Peng Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow‐finesse fiber‐optic Fabry–Perot (F‐P) interferometric sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, anti‐electromagnetic interference, and compact size, and is one of the most widely used optical fiber sensors. With the development of sensor design and demodulation algorithms, F‐P sensing technique plays an increasingly important role in high‐speed dynamic measurement, such as dynamic temperature or pressure, acoustic vibration, dynamic displacement, and distance. Signal demodulation methods largely determine the performance of the entire sensing system. Compared with quasi‐static measurement, high‐precision measurement of dynamic F‐P cavity is more challenging. The advancement of fast tunable laser technology in telecommunication field provides novel perspectives for demodulation methods and dynamic applications based on F‐P sensors. This article reviews the latest developments in fast interrogation techniques for dynamic low‐finesse F‐P sensors, including intensity demodulation, quadrature phase demodulation and absolute cavity length demodulation. In addition, array multiplexing and multi‐parameter measurement techniques are also involved.
Impact of iterative reconstruction algorithms on the applicability of Fourier‐based detectability index for x‐ray CT imaging
Authors: Pouget Eléonore , Dedieu Véronique 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe increasing application of iterative reconstruction algorithms in clinical computed tomography to improve image quality and reduce radiation dose, elicits strong interest, and needs model observers to optimize CT scanning protocols objectively and efficiently. The current paradigm for evaluating imaging system performance relies on Fourier methods, which presuppose a linear, wide‐sense stationary system. Long‐range correlations introduced by iterative reconstruction algorithms may narrow the applicability of Fourier techniques. Differences in the implementation of reconstruction algorithms between manufacturers add further complexity. The present work set out to quantify the errors entailed by the use of Fourier methods, which can lead to design decisions that do not correlate with detectability.MethodsTo address this question, we evaluated the noise properties and the detectability index of the ideal linear observer using the spatial approach and the Fourier‐based approach. For this purpose, a homogeneous phantom was imaged on two scanners: the Revolution CT (GE Healthcare) and the Somatom Definition AS+ (Siemens Healthcare) at different exposure levels. Images were reconstructed using different strength levels of IR algorithms available on the systems considered: Adaptative Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR‐V) and Sinogram Affirmed Iterative Reconstruction (SAFIRE).ResultsOur findings highlight that the spatial domain estimate of the detectability index is higher than the Fourier domain estimate. This trend is found to be dependent on the specific regularization used by IR algorithms as well as the signal to be detected. The eigenanalysis of the noise covariance matrix and of its circulant approximation yields explanation about the evoked trends. In particular, this analysis suggests that the predictive power of the Fourier‐based ideal linear observer depends on the ability of each basis analyzed to be relevant to the signal to be detected.ConclusionThe applicability of Fourier techniques is dependent on the specific regularization used by IR algorithms. These results argue for verifying the assumptions made when using Fourier methods since Fourier‐task‐based detectability index does not always correlate with signal detectability.
A pilot study: Quantify lung volume and emphysema extent directly from two‐dimensional scout images
Authors: Pu Jiantao , Sechrist Jacob , Meng Xin , Leader Joseph K. , Sciurba Frank C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe potential to compute volume metrics of emphysema from planar scout images was investigated in this study. The successful implementation of this concept will have a wide impact in different fields, and specifically, maximize the diagnostic potential of the planar medical images.MethodsWe investigated our premise using a well‐characterized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cohort. In this cohort, planar scout images from computed tomography (CT) scans were used to compute lung volume and percentage of emphysema. Lung volume and percentage of emphysema were quantified on the volumetric CT images and used as the “ground truth” for developing the models to compute the variables from the corresponding scout images. We trained two classical convolutional neural networks (CNNs), including VGG19 and InceptionV3, to compute lung volume and the percentage of emphysema from the scout images. The scout images (n = 1,446) were split into three subgroups: (1) training (n = 1,235), (2) internal validation (n = 99), and (3) independent test (n = 112) at the subject level in a ratio of 8:1:1. The mean absolute difference (MAD) and R‐square (R2) were the performance metrics to evaluate the prediction performance of the developed models.ResultsThe lung volumes and percentages of emphysema computed from a single planar scout image were significantly linear correlated with the measures quantified using volumetric CT images (VGG19: R2 = 0.934 for lung volume and R2 = 0.751 for emphysema percentage, and InceptionV3: R2 = 0.977 for lung volume and R2 = 0.775 for emphysema percentage). The mean absolute differences (MADs) for lung volume and percentage of emphysema were 0.302 ± 0.247L and 2.89 ± 2.58%, respectively, for VGG19, and 0.366 ± 0.287L and 3.19 ± 2.14, respectively, for InceptionV3.ConclusionsOur promising results demonstrated the feasibility of inferring volume metrics from planar images using CNNs.
Range probing as a quality control tool for CBCT‐based synthetic CTs: In vivo application for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Seller Oria Carmen , Thummerer Adrian , Free Jeffrey , Langendijk Johannes A. , Both Stefan , Knopf Antje C. , Meijers Arturs 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeCone‐beam CT (CBCT)‐based synthetic CTs (sCT) produced with a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) show high image quality, suggesting their potential usability in adaptive proton therapy workflows. However, the nature of such workflows involving DCNNs prevents the user from having direct control over their output. Therefore, quality control (QC) tools that monitor the sCTs and detect failures or outliers in the generated images are needed.This work evaluates the potential of using a range‐probing (RP)‐based QC tool to verify sCTs generated by a DCNN. Such a RP QC tool experimentally assesses the CT number accuracy in sCTs.MethodsA RP QC dataset consisting of repeat CTs (rCT), CBCTs, and RP acquisitions of seven head and neck cancer patients was retrospectively assessed. CBCT‐based sCTs were generated using a DCNN. The CT number accuracy in the sCTs was evaluated by computing relative range errors between measured RP fields and RP field simulations based on rCT and sCT images.ResultsMean relative range errors showed agreement between measured and simulated RP fields, ranging from −1.2% to 1.5% in rCTs, and from −0.7% to 2.7% in sCTs.ConclusionsThe agreement between measured and simulated RP fields suggests the suitability of sCTs for proton dose calculations. This outcome brings sCTs generated by DCNNs closer toward clinical implementation within adaptive proton therapy treatment workflows. The proposed RP QC tool allows for CT number accuracy assessment in sCTs and can provide means of in vivo range verification.
Motion‐insensitive susceptibility weighted imaging
Authors: Berglund Johan , Sprenger Tim , van Niekerk Adam , Rydén Henric , Avventi Enrico , Norbeck Ola , Skare Stefan 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo enable SWI that is robust to severe head movement.MethodsProspective motion correction using a markerless optical tracker was applied to all pulse sequences. Three‐dimensional gradient‐echo and 3D EPI were used as reference sequences, but were expected to be sensitive to motion‐induced B0 changes, as the long TE required for SWI allows phase discrepancies to accumulate between shots. Therefore, 2D interleaved snapshot EPI was investigated for motion‐robust SWI and compared with conventional 2D EPI. Repeated signal averages were retrospectively corrected for motion. The sequences were evaluated at 3 T through controlled motion experiments involving two cooperative volunteers and SWI of a tumor patient.ResultsThe performed continuous head motion was in the range of 5–8° rotations. The image quality of the 3D sequences and conventional 2D EPI was poor unless the rotational motion axis was parallel to B0. Interleaved snapshot EPI had minimal intraslice phase discrepancies due to its small temporal footprint. Phase inconsistency between signal averages was well tolerated due to the high‐pass filter effect of the SWI processing. Interleaved snapshot EPI with prospective and retrospective motion correction demonstrated similar image quality, regardless of whether motion was present. Lesion depiction was equal to 3D EPI with matching resolution.ConclusionSusceptibility‐based imaging can be severely corrupted by head movement despite accurate prospective motion correction. Interleaved snapshot EPI is a superior alternative for patients who are prone to move and offers SWI which is insensitive to motion when combined with prospective and retrospective motion correction.
k‐Space‐based coil combination via geometric deep learning for reconstruction of non‐Cartesian MRSI data
Authors: Motyka Stanislav , Hingerl Lukas , Strasser Bernhard , Hangel Gilbert , Heckova Eva , Agibetov Asan , Dorffner Georg , Gruber Stephan , Trattning Siegfried , Bogner Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

PurposeState‐of‐the‐art whole‐brain MRSI with spatial‐spectral encoding and multichannel acquisition generates huge amounts of data, which must be efficiently processed to stay within reasonable reconstruction times. Although coil combination significantly reduces the amount of data, currently it is performed in image space at the end of the reconstruction. This prolongs reconstruction times and increases RAM requirements. We propose an alternative k‐space‐based coil combination that uses geometric deep learning to combine MRSI data already in native non‐Cartesian k‐space.MethodsTwelve volunteers were scanned at a 3T MR scanner with a 20‐channel head coil at 10 different positions with water‐unsuppressed MRSI. At the eleventh position, water‐suppressed MRSI data were acquired. Data of 7 volunteers were used to estimate sensitivity maps and form a base for simulating training data. A neural network was designed and trained to remove the effect of sensitivity profiles of the coil elements from the MRSI data. The water‐suppressed MRSI data of the remaining volunteers were used to evaluate the performance of the new k‐space‐based coil combination relative to that of a conventional image‐based alternative.ResultsFor both approaches, the resulting metabolic ratio maps were similar. The SNR of the k‐space‐based approach was comparable to the conventional approach in low SNR regions, but underperformed for high SNR. The Cramér‐Rao lower bounds show the same trend. The analysis of the FWHM showed no difference between the two methods.Conclusionk‐Space‐based coil combination of MRSI data is feasible and reduces the amount of raw data immediately after their sampling.
Small fiber neuropathy: Swiss cohort characterization
Authors: Bitzi Lorena M. , Lehnick Dirk , Wilder‐Smith Einar P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimThere is currently insufficient clinical and epidemiological data concerning small fiber neuropathy (SFN). This research analyzes data from medical records to determine epidemiology, demographics, clinical characteristics and etiology of SFN.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational study of sequential patients diagnosed with definite SFN (typical clinical features, normal nerve conduction studies, abnormal epidermal nerve fiber density) from the end of November 2016 to the middle of July 2019 at the Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, central Switzerland.ResultsA total of 84 patients (64.3% female) with a mean age of 54.7 y were analyzed. Symptoms had been present in patients for an average of 4.8 y when entering the study. A length dependent clinical pattern was seen in 79.8%. All patients had sensory discomfort. Etiology could not be determined in 35.7% of patients, who were diagnosed with idiopathic SFN; 34.5% of patients had an apparently autoimmune SFN, followed by14.3% of patients with metabolic causes. The estimated incidence was at least 4.4 cases/100.000 inhabitants/y. The minimum prevalence was 131.5 cases/100.000 inhabitants.DiscussionThis study indicates significant incidence and prevalence rates of SFN in Switzerland. SFN can vary greatly in its symptoms and severity. Extensive work‐up resulted in two thirds of the patients being assigned an etiological association. The largest group of patients could not be etiologically defined, underlining the importance of further research on etiologic identification. We expect increased awareness of the developing field of SFN.
Colloidal dispersion of poly(ionic liquid)/Cu composite particles for protective surface coating against SAR‐CoV‐2
Authors: Khorsand Kheirabad Atefeh , Pan Xuefeng , Long Siwen , Kochovski Zdravko , Zhou Shiqi , Lu Yan , McInerney Gerald , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a waterproof anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 protective film prepared by spray‐coating of an aqueous colloidal dispersion of poly(ionic liquid)/copper (PIL/Cu) composite nanoparticles onto a substrate. The PIL dispersion was prepared by suspension polymerization of 3‐dodecyl‐1‐vinylimdiazolium bromide in water at 70°C. The copper acetate salt was added into the PIL nanoparticle dispersion and in situ reduced into copper nanoparticles anchoring onto the PIL nanoparticles. Despite being waterborne, the PIL in bulk is intrinsically insoluble in water and the formed coating is stable in water. The formed surface coating by PIL/copper composite nanoparticles was able to deactivate SARS‐CoV‐2 virions by 90.0% in 30 minutes and thus may effectively prevent the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 through surface contact. This method may provide waterborne dispersions for a broad range of antivirus protective surface coatings for both outdoor and indoor applications.