bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic seismic evaluation of SMA‐based self‐centering braced structures considering uncertainty of regional temperature
Authors: Chen Junbai , Wang Wei , Fang Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) have unique material properties that can potentially mitigate structural damage against earthquake. However, the mechanical behavior of SMAs is sensitive to temperature variation. The traditional deterministic analysis, which does not take into account the influence of temperature, may lead to inaccurate and sometimes unsafe predictions of actual behavior of SMA‐based structures. This research aims to develop a modified framework based on the performance‐based earthquake engineering methodology, taking account of the uncertainty of regional temperature distribution for temperature‐dependent (TD) structures, where the SMA‐based one is considered as a representative case. As the main part of the methodology, regional seismic fragility is generated by combing temperature distribution properties and joint seismic fragility. The proposed methodology is applied to a six‐story self‐centering concentrically‐braced frame (SC‐CBF) with SMA‐based SC braces located in different regions in China. A simplified thermo‐mechanical model capturing the TD characteristics and possible failure of SMA cables is utilized. Deterministic nonlinear static and dynamic analysis is first conducted to understand the structural response. Then, the joint seismic fragility analysis of the SC‐CBF under different intensity levels of ground motion and temperatures is conducted via the incremental dynamic analysis method, by which the seismic performance of the structure can be fully captured. Finally, the proposed methodology is utilized to comprehensively evaluate the regional seismic fragility and collapse risk of the SC‐CBF in different regions. The results indicate that the ignorance of the temperature effect could underestimate the risk of collapse.
Babbling brook to thunderous torrent: Using sound to monitor river stage
Authors: Osborne Wm. Alexander , Hodge Rebecca A. , Love Gordon D. , Hawkin Peter , Hawkin Ruth E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe passive, ambient sound above the water from a river has previously untapped potential for determining flow characteristics such as stage. Measuring sub‐aerial sound could provide a new, efficient way to continuously monitor river stage, without the need for in‐stream infrastructure. Previous published work has suggested that there might be a relationship between sound and river stage, but the analysis has been restricted to a narrow range of flow conditions and river morphologies. We present a method to determine site suitability and the process of how to record and analyse sound. Data collected along a 500 m length of the River Washburn during July 2019 is used to determine what makes a site suitable for sound monitoring. We found that sound is controlled by roughness elements in the channel, such as a boulder or weir, which influences the sound produced. On the basis of these findings, we collect audio recordings from six sites around the northeast of England, covering a range of flow conditions and different roughness elements, since 2019. We use data from those sites collected during storms Ciara and Dennis to produce a relationship between this sound and river stage. Our analysis has shown a positive relationship between an R2 of 0.73 and 0.99 in all rivers, but requires careful site selection and data processing to achieve the best results. We introduce a filter that is capable of isolating a river's sound from other environmental sound. Future work in examining the role of these roughness elements is required to understand the full extent of this technique. By demonstrating that sound can operate as a hydrometric tool, we suggest that sound monitoring could be used to provide cost‐effective monitoring devices, either to detect relative change in a river or, after more research, a reliable stage measurement.
Chironomidae (Midge) Sensitivities to Ammonia Using Multiple Endpoints in China and Australia for the Development of Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater River Systems in China
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Tai Peidong , Li Xiaojun , Kong Lingxue , Matthews Ty G. , Lester Rebecca E. , Mondon Julie A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Deriving water quality criteria (WQC) for aquatic risk assessment requires sufficient toxicity data, which can determine the accuracy of WQC. Given that toxicity data vary between test species and endpoints, there is a great need to compare such data to generate the most suitable data set for WQC derivation. In the present study, a series of 11 ammonia exposure bioassays were conducted on Chironomidae species in either China or Australia, with test species and test endpoints varied (2 Chironomus sp., enzymatic up to lethal endpoints, and no-observed-effect concentration up to median lethal concentration [LC50] as endpoint metrics). There were no statistically significant differences between toxicity results generated from China compared to Australia using Chironomus sp., indicating that published data on native species generated in different countries could be appropriate for inclusion in the development of local Chinese WQC. In addition, the Chironomidae larvae laboratory-based toxicity value (LC50 = 384.6 mg/L) was lower than that of the in situ field-based toxicity value (LC50 ≥ 451.2 mg/L) where sensitive life stages are used, and, specifically for C. riparius, endpoints linked to biochemical and gene expression effects could be as sensitive as or more sensitive than chronic endpoints, both of which were more sensitive than acute endpoints. These findings help in the development of WQC by demonstrating the suitability of inclusion of toxicity data from a range of sources, as well as adding to the overall pool of knowledge regarding sensitivity to ammonia which can be used in aquatic risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2899–2911. © 2021 SETAC
Within-Body Distributions and Feeding Effects of the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Clothianidin in Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)
Authors: Aarønes Malin Røyset , Paus-Knudsen Julie Sørlie , Nielsen Anders , Rundberget Jan Thomas , Borgå Katrine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bumblebees can be exposed to neonicotinoid pesticides through nectar and pollen collected from treated crops, which can cause lethal and sublethal effects in these nontarget pollinators. However, the body distribution of the compound after exposure to neonicotinoids in bumblebees is not well studied. Bumblebee colonies (Bombus terrestris, n = 20) were exposed to field-realistic concentrations of clothianidin through artificial nectar (3.6–13 µg/L) for 9 d. Comparison of the nominal with the measured exposure in nectar indicated good compliance, confirming the applicability of the method. When quantified, clothianidin showed a concentration-dependent occurrence in the head and body of workers (head: &lt;0.2–2.17 µg/kg; body: &lt;0.2–3.17 µg/kg), and in the body of queens (&lt;0.2–2.49 µg/kg), although concentrations were below those measured in the nectar (bioaccumulation factor = 0.2). Exposure to clothianidin did not affect mortality nor brood production, nor did it have a statistically significant effect on nectar consumption and size of food storage. However, visual inspection suggests higher nectar consumption of nectar with low clothianidin content compared with nectar with no or high clothianidin content. Our results show that dietary clothianidin is taken up in bumblebees, but does not bioaccumulate to elevated levels compared with exposure. Still, clothianidin may elicit responses that affect feeding behavior of the pollinator B. terrestris, although our endpoints were not significantly affected. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2781–2790. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) was exposed to clothianidin through artificial nectar for 9 d. Post exposure, we measured clothianidin in the head and body of workers and in the body of queens, but not in the stomach, intestine and rectum. The measured concentrations were lower than the exposure concentrations and did not affect mortality, reproduction, nor food storing, but may have affected consumption of clothianidin exposed nectar.
Elaboration, thermogravimetric analysis, and fire testing of a new type of wood‐sawdust composite materials based on epoxy–amine polymers modified with copper(II) hexafluorosilicate
Authors: Kochubei Victoria , Mykhalichko Borys , Lavrenyuk Helen 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYThe study reports the development of a new type of wood‐sawdust (WS) composite based on CuSiF6‐modified epoxy–amine polymers (EAPs) with reduced combustibility. The thermo‐oxidative behavior of the obtained WS/EAP–CuSiF6 and WS/EAP specimens was studied using the complex thermal analysis. Thermal analysis data show that incorporating CuSiF6 (flame retardant) into WS/EAP increases the thermal oxidation resistance of WS/EAP–CuSiF6. It is shown that for WS/EAP–CuSiF6 and WS/EAP, thermo‐oxidative destruction ends at 571°C and 625°C, and the maximum temperature of this exothermic process is 435°C and 499°C, respectively. The combustibility of WS/EAP–CuSiF6 and WS/EAP was studied by the “ceramic tube” (CT) method. The CT results obtained demonstrate impressive differences in the combustibility of these two composites; the maximum temperature of gaseous combustion products for WS/EAP–CuSiF6 is 265°C, and for WS/EAP, it is 910°C. Flammability tests for WS/EAP–CuSiF6 and WS/EAP were carried out in accordance with ASTM D635‐18 and ASTM D3801‐19a. According to the results of vertical burning tests, the WS/EAP–CuSiF6 composite material was classified as V‐0.
Regional gray matter volume associated with exercise dependence: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Wang Song , Feng Yang , Qin Kun , Li Huiru , Wu Baolin , Jia Zhiyun , Gong Qiyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough regular physical exercise has multiple positive benefits for the general population, excessive exercise may lead to exercise dependence (EXD), which is harmful to one's physical and mental health. Increasing evidence suggests that stress is a potential risk factor for the onset and development of EXD. However, little is known about the neural substrates of EXD and the underlying neuropsychological mechanism by which stress affects EXD. Herein, we investigate these issues in 86 individuals who exercise regularly by estimating their cortical gray matter volume (GMV) utilizing a voxel‐based morphometry method based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Whole‐brain correlation analyses and prediction analyses showed negative relationships between EXD and GMV of the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), left subgenual cingulate gyrus (sgCG), and left inferior parietal lobe (IPL). Furthermore, mediation analyses found that the GMV of the right OFC was an important mediator between stress and EXD. Importantly, these results remained significant even when adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, family socioeconomic status, general intelligence and total intracranial volume, as well as depression and anxiety. Collectively, the results of the present study provide crucial evidence of the neuroanatomical basis of EXD and reveal a potential neuropsychological pathway in predicting EXD in which GMV mediates the relationship between stress and EXD.
Characteristic differences in radiation‐inducedDNAdamage response in human papillomavirus‐negative and human papillomavirus‐positive head and neck cancers with accumulation of fractional radiation dose
Authors: Reid Paul , Staudacher Alexander H. , Marcu Loredana G. , Olver Ian , Moghaddasi Leyla , Brown Michael P. , Bezak Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuperior treatment responses by patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), compared to patients with HNSCC from other causes, drive biomarker research to optimize treatment. Most HNSCC patients receive radiation therapy delivered as a fractionated course. Changing HPV status in HNSCC from a positive prognostic marker to a predictive one requires biomarkers that capture cellular radiation response to cumulative dose.MethodsNuclear enlargement, γH2AX expression and micronuclei count, were studied in six HNSCC cell lines after 4 Gy fractionated X‐irradiation.ResultsAll HNSCC cell lines displayed altered cellular responses, indicating increasing inability to repair radiation damage with subsequent radiation fractions. Increases in nuclear area were significantly greater among HPV positive cell lines (207% and 67% for the HPV positive and HPV negative groups, respectively).ConclusionsA different character of DNA repair dysfunction in the HPV positive group suggests greater chromosomal translocation with accumulated radiation dose.
Immunotherapy with adoptive cytomegalovirus‐specific T cells transfer: Summarizing latest gene engineering techniques
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mahshid , Karami Samira , Ghaffari Nazari Haniyeh , Sankanian Ghazaleh , Hamidpour Mohsen , Hajifathali Abbas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a major complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). T cell response plays a critical role in inducing long‐term immunity against CMV infection/reactivation that impairs during HSCT. Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) via transferring CMV‐specific T cells from a seropositive donor to the recipient can accelerate virus‐specific immune reconstitution. ACT, as an alternative approach, can restore protective antiviral T cell immunity in patients. Different manufacturing protocols have been introduced to isolate and expand specific T cells for the ACT clinical setting. Nevertheless, HLA restriction, long‐term manufacturing process, risk of alloreactivity, and CMV seropositive donor availability have limited ACT broad applicability. Genetic engineering has developed new strategies to produce TCR‐modified T cells for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of infectious disease. In this review, we presented current strategies required for ACT in posttransplant CMV infection. We also introduced novel gene‐modified T cell discoveries in the context of ACT for CMV infection. It seems that these innovations are enabling to improvement and development of ACT utilization to combat posttransplant CMV infection.
Entropy generation in a micropolar fluid past an inclined channel with velocity slip and heat flux conditions: Variation parameter method
Authors: Mathur Priya , Mishra S. R. , Purohit S. D. , Bohra Mahesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn investigation is carried out on the analysis of entropy on the flow of non‐Newtonian fluid, in particular, micropolar fluid past an inclined channel. To enhance the fluid properties, velocity and thermal slip conditions are taken into consideration. At the outset, the novelty of the present investigation lies on the analysis of entropy generation that occurs due to the temperature differences between the media. The governing nonlinear equations are transformed to nonlinear ODE by the use of suitable transformed nondimensional variables. Furthermore, the motivation for the study is the solution of these governing equations using the semi‐analytical technique, namely, the variation parameter method. The behavior of the flow phenomena is characterized by the contributing parameters, in particular, the Bejan number, on the entropy are displayed via graphs and tables and elaborated in Section 5. The results reveal that the microrotation profile exhibited its dual character with an augmentation of the inclined angle, and both the coupling parameter and the Reynolds number are favorable in resisting entropy.
Joule heating impacts on MHD pulsating flow of Au/CuO‐blood Oldroyd‐B nanofluid in a porous channel
Authors: Venkatesan Gunasekaran , Reddy A. Subramanyam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article deals, the pulsating flow of blood carrying Au/CuO Oldroyd‐B nanofluid through a porous channel with the effects of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and Joule (Ohmic) heating, and applied magnetic field. The perturbation technique is employed to get analytic solutions for flow variables. A comparison between analytical and numerical results shows a good agreement. The effect of various parameters is addressed extensively aided by pictorial results. The obtained results present that the velocity is reduced with the higher values of Hartmann number and volume fraction of nanoparticles. The temperature of nanofluid is enhanced with an enhancement of Eckert number and radiation parameter while it reduces with a rise in Hartmann number. Furthermore, the rise of the volume fraction of nanoparticles boosts up the rate of heat transfer.
Impact of single amino acid substitution on the structure and function of TANK‐binding kinase‐1
Authors: Umair Mohd , Khan Shama , Mohammad Taj , Shafie Alaa , Anjum Farah , Islam Asimul , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTank‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in various signaling pathways and subsequently regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, antiviral and antitumor immunity. Dysfunction of TBK1 can cause many complex diseases, including autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and cancer. This dysfunction of TBK1 may result from single amino acid substitutions and subsequent structural alterations. This study analyzed the effect of substituting amino acids on TBK1 structure, function, and subsequent disease using advanced computational methods and various tools. In the initial assessment, a total of 467 mutations were found to be deleterious. After that, in detailed structural and sequential analyses, 13 mutations were found to be pathogenic. Finally, based on the functional importance, two variants (K38D and S172A) of the TBK1 kinase domain were selected and studied in detail by utilizing all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 200 ns. MD simulation, including correlation matrix and principal component analysis, helps to get deeper insights into the TBK1 structure at the atomic level. We observed a substantial change in variants' conformation, which may be possible for structural alteration and subsequent TBK1 dysfunction. However, substitution S172A shows a significant conformational change in TBK1 structure as compared to K38D. Thus, this study provides a structural basis to understand the effect of mutations on the kinase domain of TBK1 and its function associated with disease progression.
Physical achirality in geometrically chiral rotamers of hydrazine and boranylborane molecules
Authors: Pagola Gabriel I. , Ferraro Marta B. , Provasi Patricio F. , Pelloni Stefano , Lazzeretti Paolo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe diagonal components and the trace of tensors which account for chiroptical response of the hydrazine molecule N2H4, that is, static anapole magnetizability and frequency‐dependent electric dipole‐magnetic dipole polarisability, are a function of the H─N─N─H dihedral angle. They vanish for symmetry reasons at ϕ = 0° and ϕ = 180°, corresponding respectively to C2v and C2h point group symmetries, that is, cis and trans conformers characterized by the presence of molecular symmetry planes. Nonetheless, vanishing diagonal components have been observed also in the proximity of H─N─N─H = 90°, in which the point group symmetry is C2 and hydrazine is unquestionably chiral. In the boranylborane molecule B2H4, assuming the B─B bond in the y direction, the ayy component of the anapole magnetizability tensor approximately vanishes for dihedral angles H─B─B─H corresponding to chiral rotamers which belong to D2 symmetry. Such anomalous effects have been ascribed to physical achirality of these conformers, that is, to their inability to sustain electronic current densities inducing either anapole moments, or electric and magnetic dipole moments, about the chiral axis connecting heavier atoms, as well as perpendicular directions. In other terms, the structure of certain geometrically chiral rotamers may be such that neither toroidal nor helical flow, which determine chiroptical phenomenology, can take place in the presence of perturbing fields parallel or orthogonal to the chiral axis.
MYPATH: A novel mindfulness and yoga‐based peer leader intervention to prevent violence among youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Barr Nicholas , Petering Robin , Onasch‐Vera Laura , Thompson Nichole , Polsky Ryan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractYoung adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) are at elevated risk for violence victimization and perpetration. However, there are no evidence‐based violence prevention interventions for homeless populations. This study is an evaluation of a novel mindfulness‐based peer‐leader intervention designed to reduce violence and improve mindfulness in YAEH. A social network of YAEH receiving services at a drop‐in agency was recruited in Summer 2018 (n = 106) and peer‐leaders identified at baseline (n = 12). Peer leaders were trained in mindfulness and yoga skills during a 1‐day intensive workshop and seven 1‐h weekly follow‐up workshops and encouraged to share their knowledge with in‐network peers. Postintervention data were collected 2 and 3 months after baseline. Two one‐way repeated‐measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) tested differences in means for mindfulness and fighting. ANOVA models showed significant increases in group mean mindfulness F(2, 110) = 3.42, p < 0.05 and significant decreases in group mean violent behavior F(2, 112) = 5.23, p < 0.01 at the network level. Findings indicate a network‐based, peer‐leader model can be effective for influencing complex, socially conditioned attitudes and behaviors among YAEH. Additional advantages of the peer‐leader model include relatively few direct‐service person‐hours required from providers and convenience to participants able practice skills in their relevant social contexts.
Automatic detection of papilledema through fundus retinal images using deep learning
Authors: Saba Tanzila , Akbar Shahzad , Kolivand Hoshang , Ali Bahaj Saeed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPapilledema is a syndrome of the retina in which retinal optic nerve is inflated by elevation of intracranial pressure. The papilledema abnormalities such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) opacification may lead to blindness. These abnormalities could be seen through capturing of retinal images by means of fundus camera. This paper presents a deep learning‐based automated system that detects and grades the papilledema through U‐Net and Dense‐Net architectures. The proposed approach has two main stages. First, optic disc and its surrounding area in fundus retinal image are localized and cropped for input to Dense‐Net which classifies the optic disc as papilledema or normal. Second, consists of preprocessing of Dense‐Net classified papilledema fundus image by Gabor filter. The preprocessed papilledema image is input to U‐Net to achieve the segmented vascular network from which the vessel discontinuity index (VDI) and vessel discontinuity index to disc proximity (VDIP) are calculated for grading of papilledema. The VDI and VDIP are standard parameter to check the severity and grading of papilledema. The proposed system is evaluated on 60 papilledema and 40 normal fundus images taken from STARE dataset. The experimental results for classification of papilledema through Dense‐Net are much better in terms of sensitivity 98.63%, specificity 97.83%, and accuracy 99.17%. Similarly, the grading results for mild and severe papilledema classification through U‐Net are also much better in terms of sensitivity 99.82%, specificity 98.65%, and accuracy 99.89%. The deep learning‐based automated detection and grading of papilledema for clinical purposes is first effort in state of art.