bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Midazolam on Corticosterone and Blood Gases in Spectacled Eiders Prior to Transmitter Implantation
Authors: Spriggs Maria C. , Rizzolo Daniel J. , Martin Kate H. , Myers Gwen E. , Sexson Matthew G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTStress and physical exertion may affect the physiology and behavior of wildlife during and after capture, and consequently, survival following release. Such effects may reduce the quality and quantity of the data obtained from captured wildlife. We captured spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri), a species listed as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act, in western Alaska, USA, during spring 2018 for surgical implantation of satellite transmitters. We evaluated the efficacy of midazolam, a benzodiazepine sedative given at capture, to reduce stress and physical exertion. We dosed spectacled eiders with either midazolam (5 mg/ml, = 2.2 mg/kg intramuscular; n = 20) or saline (0.7 ml intramuscular; n = 20) at the point of capture. We assessed sedation level and collected blood samples upon arrival to the field surgery site and at anesthetic induction. We found that midazolam reduced mean corticosterone concentration by 29% and median lactate concentration by 30.3% at the mean arrival time (42 min post‐dosing) relative to the control group. These effects had abated by the mean induction time (99 min post‐dosing). Unexpectedly, blood pH was reduced in the midazolam treatment relative to controls at both arrival and induction, which likely resulted from sedative‐induced respiratory depression that was easily treated with intubation and mechanical ventilation, and administration of the reversal drug, flumazenil. Low blood pH was not associated with negative post‐surgical outcomes, as had been found in spectacled eiders with acidosis caused by anaerobic metabolism typical of physical exertion. Intramuscular injection of midazolam in the field effectively reduced stress and physical exertion in spectacled eiders prior to surgical implantation of transmitters. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Evaporation and cracked soda soil improved by fly ash from recycled materials
Authors: Yang Binbin , Liu Jiawei , Zhao Xiaoming , Zheng Sen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe osmotic pressure of a soil solution increases due to soil salinization and the stability and sustainability of the soil becomes poor, which will affect the movement of water in soil. In this study, the evaporation capacity and desiccation cracking characteristics of soda soil samples with different content (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% by weight) of fly ash were investigated. After drying, the unconsumed water content of soil increased from 8.55 to 16.22%. The results indicate that the water retention capability of soda soil can be improved by the addition of the fly ash. The addition of fly ash is beneficial to the formation of soil aggregates and pores in the fly ash can store water. The fractal dimension and crack growth rate can be used to quantitatively describe the crack characteristics of a sample. The maximum fractal dimension of the soil samples decreased by 2.05, 3.92, 11.89, 8.53, and 3.07%, respectively, and the crack intensity factor (CIF) decreased by 4.65, 14.13, 22.48, 10.05, and 15.87%, respectively, with an increase of fly ash. Fly ash can therefore effectively inhibit crack growth and reduce the crack length in soda soil, since the clay content of soda soil decreased owing to the addition of fly ash, and the tensile properties were improved owing to the pore structure of fly ash. The shrinkage and evaporation of soil are closely related to soil quality factors such as clay content, mineral composition, and structure.
Frey's syndrome: A review of the physiology and possible role of neurotrophic factors
Authors: Hignett Sarah M. , Judd Owen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesFrey's syndrome (FS) describes the phenomenon of gustatory sweating and is a cause of significant social embarrassment for sufferers. It has been attributed to aberrant growth of parasympathetic salivatory fibers in the auriculotemporal nerve toward overlying sweat glands. However, the exact mechanism behind this growth is unknown. This review aims to expand and elucidate the theory of aberrant regeneration in FS.MethodsA review of the recent literature on nerve regeneration was conducted in order develop further insights into the etiology of both adult onset and pediatric FS.ResultsNeurturin, a neurotrophic factor released by both salivary and sweat glands, was identified as a possible key player in the etiology of FS.ConclusionFurther research into the role of neurturin could help to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the condition and might reveal neurturin to be a potential target for pharmacological intervention.Level of EvidenceNA (Basic Science Review).
Linking Historical Changes in Salt-Marsh Coverage to Lost Production of a Nektonic Bioindicator
Authors: Rudershausen Paul J. , Lombardo Steven M. , Buckel Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Development reduces the amount of secondary biological production in coastal estuaries. However, the magnitude of this reduction remains largely unknown. We are not aware of studies that have quantified lost secondary biological production in estuaries as a result of interdecadal coastal development of salt-marsh habitats. Our objective was to demonstrate a technique that combined historical imagery, GIS, and secondary production estimates to quantify the magnitude of lost areal production arising from the development of tidal creeks. We estimated lost production of a dominant salt-marsh fish Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in Spooners and Pelletier creeks, two second-order tidal systems in coastal North Carolina. We georeferenced historical (1939) aerial imagery, digitized low-tide and high-tide features in historical and contemporary (2019) imagery, and compared the intertidal vegetated area of each creek between periods. The lost intertidal area was then multiplied by creek-specific published rates of areal production of larval and juvenile age-0 Mummichog in salt-marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora habitats. There was a loss of intertidal area and intertidal/subtidal vegetated edge of 72% and 54%, respectively, in Spooners Creek, and 47% and 4%, respectively, in Pelletier Creek. Losses of intertidal area over the last ~80 years translated into estimated annual losses of 44 and 8 kg of dry weight production (~695,000 and 186,500 individuals) for a single cohort in Spooners and Pelletier creeks, respectively. These estimates represent minimum losses, as some in-stream development was already visible in the historic imagery and a single cohort’s production was used (not multiple cohorts). We encourage other researchers to use historic imagery to determine changes in aquatic habitats and link losses (or gains) in these habitats to the productivity metrics of important fishes.
Sacral neuromodulation in patients with refractory overactive bladder symptoms after failed Botulinum toxin therapy: Results in a large cohort of patients
Authors: Reekmans Mathias , Janssen Janine M. W. , Vrijens Desiree M. J. , Smits Martijn A. C. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Van Kerrebroeck Philip E. V. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsSacral neuromodulation (SNM) and Botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) injections are well‐known third‐line treatment options in patients with refractory overactive bladder (OAB). Our aim is to evaluate the success rate of SNM in patients who received prior therapy with BoNT‐A injections.MethodsAll patients with OAB symptoms referred for SNM between 2006 and 2019 were included. History taking and 3‐day voiding diaries assessed the complaints and suitability for SNM. The success rate of SNM in patients who received prior BoNT‐A was compared with BoNT‐A naive patients. Success was defined as an improvement of 50% or greater in voiding diary parameters. Satisfaction was registered at their most recent visit.ResultsA total of 263 patients underwent SNM test stimulation, of which 75 (16 male/57 female) received prior BoNT‐A and 188 (46 male/142 female) were BoNT‐A naive. Success rate for SNM in BoNT‐A naive patients was 72.9% and in BoNT‐A patients 66.7% (p = 0.316). Success rate after ≤2 BoNT‐A injections was 68.5%, compared to 61.1% after ≥3 injections (p >  0.05). Success rate in patients perceiving lack of efficacy of BoNT‐A was 67.4% (p > 0.05), subjected to temporary CISC was 73.7% (p > 0.05) and with temporary effect of BoNT‐A was 50% (p > 0.05). In 86% of BoNT‐A patients the system was still activated and used to their satisfaction at their last follow‐up visit (mean FU, 40.70 months).ConclusionSNM in patients with refractory OAB who failed prior BoNT‐A is an excellent approach. The number of injections nor reason of BoNT‐A discontinuation have predictive value for success with SNM.
The relationship between resilience and intent to stay among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in managing COVID‐19: The serial mediation effect of post‐traumatic growth and perceived professional benefits
Authors: Liu Xiaoxin , Ju Xinxing , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the mediating role of post‐traumatic growth and perceived professional benefits between resilience and intent to stay among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in managing COVID‐19.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.MethodsIn May 2020, the study recruited a convenience sample of 200 Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in managing COVID‐19. A set of self‐rating questionnaires was used to measure resilience, post‐traumatic growth, perceived professional benefits and intent to stay. Structural equation modelling was performed with 5,000 bootstrap samples using AMOS 23.0.ResultsThe final model provided a good fit for the data. Resilience had the strongest direct effect on intent to stay. Perceived professional benefits partially mediated the association between resilience and intent to stay. Overall, the serial multiple mediations of post‐traumatic growth and perceived professional benefits in the relationship between resilience and intent to stay was statistically significant.
Surveillance of diabetes with inpatients on glucocorticoids: are the JBDS audit standards being met?
Authors: Limbachia Vaishali , Dhatariya Ketan K 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids (steroids) are widely prescribed in hospital inpatients but are known to be associated with the development or worsening of hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia in inpatients is associated with adverse outcomes. The Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care have produced guidelines on the management of steroid induced diabetes, or steroid worsened diabetes, but it is unknown how well these are followed.We conducted a single centre cross‐sectional survey to assess the prevalence of glucocorticoid use among adult – non‐COVID – patients at our institution. We wanted to assess whether glucose measurements were being taken and, if so, how frequently.We found that 59 (6.8%) of our inpatient population were on glucocorticoids. Of these 59, 14 (23.7%) had a previous diagnosis of diabetes, and only 21 (35.6%) had any glucose monitoring during the prior 24 hours. Thirteen of these 21 people (61.9%) had diabetes, and only half of these had glucose monitored at least four times per day. Only 19 of the 59 people on glucocorticoids (32.2%) had had an HbA1c measured in the preceding three months.Our data show that the audit standards set in the JBDS guidelines for management of glucose in people on glucocorticoids were generally not met. More work needs to be done to educate ward staff to improve the care for this potentially vulnerable group. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Evaluation of insulin degludec as baseline insulin therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sellbom Malin , Nilsson Charlotta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe incidence of type 1 diabetes in children is growing and optimal treatment is needed to prevent or delay complications. Insulin degludec is a new basal insulin with ultra‐long effect. However, there are few published studies in children and adolescents.The first aim was to compare HbA1c levels in children and adolescents who received degludec from onset, to age/gender matched controls with other basal insulins. The second aim was to investigate HbA1c and total basal insulin dose, in patients who switched to insulin degludec from another basal insulin.Patients (n=251, 0–21 years) with type 1 diabetes, at Helsingborg Hospital, were divided into groups depending on insulin treatment. Data regarding basal insulin and HbA1c values were collected from medical records retrospectively.No significant differences in HbA1c levels were found between patients receiving degludec compared to age/gender matched controls (n=22) up to 12 months from onset. In patients who switched to degludec with HbA1c ≥70mmol/mol (n=38), median HbA1c levels decreased from 75 (70–130) to 74 (39–99; p=0.0143) after three months and to 70.5 (55–108; p=0.0290) after six months. For patients who switched from detemir to degludec (n=54) median daily basal insulin dosage reduced from 23.5 units to 22 units after six months treatment with degludec (p=0.0001). The same significance was not found for glargine.In our study, degludec has shown to be as effective in lowering HbA1c levels as other basal insulins in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Degludec might be especially useful for patients with a poor metabolic control. However, further long‐term studies are needed. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Experimental observation and finite element method modeling on scratch‐induced delamination of multilayer polymeric structures
Authors: Du Shuoran , Zhu Zewen , Liu Cong , Zhang Tan , Hossain Mohammad Motaher , Sue Hung‐Jue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScratches that result in delamination are common in multilayer polymeric laminates and coatings. In this study, the adhesive failure among a set of model double‐layer epoxy coatings was experimentally investigated and numerically analyzed using the finite element method modeling based on the maximum principal stress criterion. The adhesive failure on the model epoxy coatings was generated using an ASTM‐standard linearly increasing normal load scratch test. The parametric study reveals that delamination may initiate at locations underneath both scratch shoulder and behind scratch tip during scratching. It is also found that the magnitude and direction of peak tensile maximum principal stress developed at the interface are affected by both the laminate thickness and the material parameters of each layer. The parametric analysis shows that the onset of delamination can be delayed by possessing a softer base layer, a top or base layer with a higher yield stress, a base layer with a lower strain‐hardening slope, and a lower surface coefficient of friction. The Mode I delamination at the interface will become dominant in a multilayer system when the base layer has a higher modulus and a lower strain hardening slope. The usefulness of the present study for determining the delamination resistance of multilayer polymeric laminates and coatings is discussed.
The Trichan takedown: Lessons in the governance and regulation of child sexual abuse material
Authors: Salter Michael , Richardson Lloyd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmidst renewed concern about the prevalence of online child sexual abuse material, the global technology sector is refocusing on models of multistakeholder governance and the development of new technological solutions. This paper argues that the language of multistakeholderism and technological solutionism obscures the administrative and commercial practices that facilitate the widespread distribution of abuse material. To illustrate this point, the paper describes the 2019 intervention of the Canadian Centre for Child Protection in the operations of “Trichan”, three websites that were amongst the largest purveyors of abuse material on the open web for 7 years. The case study underscores the materiality of the Internet and the role of commercial relations within the infrastructure stack in the provision of illegal content. While identifying opportunities for the mass removal of abuse material, the paper questions the discretion granted to technology companies under laissez faire regulation, and troubles characterizations of Internet infrastructure as neutral and instrumental factors in the epidemic availability of abuse material.
A randomized single‐center controlled trial of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with heliox in newborn infants with meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Ma Juan , Tang Shifang , Shen Leilei , Chen Long , Li Xue , Li Wanwei , Wu Li , Shi Yuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) with heliox in newborn infants with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).MethodsSeventy‐one newborn infants with MAS in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Daping Hospital of Army Medical University were enrolled in the trial. Infants treated with SIMV were randomized and divided into the heliox group (n = 35) and control group (n = 36). The heliox group received heliox for 6 h followed by air‐oxygen mixed gas, and the control group received air‐oxygen mixed gas. The primary outcome measures were PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) and the extubation time. The secondary outcome measures were the incidence of mechanical ventilation complications, hospital length of stay in the NICU, blood gas analysis, and inflammation markers.ResultsThe P/F in the heliox group was significantly better than that in the control group (p < .001). The extubation time and hospital length of stay in the NICU in the heliox group were shorter than those in the control group (p < .001). The inflammation markers at 6 h and myocardial injury markers at 24 h were decreased compared with those at 0 h, and those in the heliox group were more significantly decreased than those in the control group ([interleukin {IL}‐6/IL‐8/tumor necrosis factor α] p < .001, [C‐reaction protein] p = .012; [creatine kinase] p < .001, [CK‐MB] p = .041).ConclusionHeliox appears to be more effective in reducing the length of ventilation and increasing carbon dioxide eliminations than an air‐oxygen mixture in infants with MAS under the support of SIMV.
Protein profiles in plasma: Development from infancy to 5 years of age
Authors: Mikus Maria , Järnbert‐Pettersson Hans , Johansson Catharina , Nilsson Peter , Scheynius Annika , Alm Johan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeLittle is known about the longitudinal development of different plasma protein levels during early childhood and particularly in relation to lifestyle factors. This study aimed to monitor the plasma proteome early in life and the influence of different lifestyles.Experimental DesignA multiplex bead‐based immunoassay was used to analyze plasma levels of 97 proteins in 280 blood samples longitudinally collected in children at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months of age living in families with an anthroposophic (n = 15), partly anthroposophic (n = 27), or non‐anthroposophic (n = 28) lifestyle.ResultsA total of 68 proteins (70%) showed significantly altered plasma levels between 6 months and 5 years of age. In lifestyle stratified analysis, 59 of 97 (61%) proteins were altered over time within one or more of the three lifestyle groups. Nearly half of these proteins (28 out of 59) changed irrespective of lifestyle. The temporal changes represented four longitudinal trends of the plasma proteins during development, also following stratification of lifestyle.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur findings contribute to understand the development of the plasma proteome under the influence of lifestyle exposures in early childhood.
Facile Synthesis of Boronic‐Acid‐Functionalized Metal‐Organic Framework UiO‐66‐NH2@B(OH)2 with High Selectivity and Sensitivity to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Yu Huazheng , Li Yanhong , Huang Aisheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a crucial kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an indispensable signaling molecule, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an irreplaceable role in many pathophysiological events in the organisms. Hence, it is necessary to develop a novel probe for effective monitoring H2O2 distribution and concentration in living systems. Herein, a metal‐organic framework UiO‐66‐NH2@B(OH)2 is prepared by one‐step synthesis method and acted as a novel fluorescence probe for H2O2 recognition and detection. The fluorescence signals are greatly enhanced when the UiO‐66‐NH2@B(OH)2 is exposed to H2O2, showing high selectivity and sensitivity to H2O2 with a detection limitation of 0.056 μM (with signal/noise ratio of 3 : 1). Moreover, the UiO‐66‐NH2@B(OH)2 probe displays superior detection performance against H2O2 with a linear range of 0.5∼5 μM in HEPES buffer solution. Attributing to the excellent biocompatibility, the UiO‐66‐NH2@B(OH)2 probe is promising to recognize, detect and monitor H2O2 in vivo.
Gelatinizing Starch in Sodium Hydroxide/Glycerol Aqueous Solution at Room Temperature
Authors: Yang Zhen , Sun Qi , Ji Na , Dai Lei , Xiong Liu , Sun Qingjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraditionally, starch gelatinization has been carried out by heating starch granules in the presence of moisture. This study aims to gelatinize starch using a sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/glycerol solution at room temperature. The experimental results reveal that normal corn starch (NCS), waxy corn starch (WCS), and high amylose corn starch (HAS) gelatinize in NaOH/glycerol (0.75, 0.85, and 1.5/1.0 wt.%) solutions for 60 min at 25 °C. The “Maltese cross” of the starch granules (5.0%, w/v) in the NaOH/glycerol aqueous solutions disappear over time. The gelatinization degree (GD%) of NCS increase from 85.58% (10 min) to 92.34% (40 min) and further increase to 100% (60 min). During gelatinization process at room temperature, NaOH plays a major role, and glycerol plays an auxiliary role. Gelatinization of starch in a NaOH/glycerol aqueous solution is an easy and fast method, which can expand applications of starch in food packaging, agricultural, and textile industries.
Faecal proteome in clinically healthy dogs and cats: Findings in pooled faeces from 10 cats and 10 dogs
Authors: Cerquetella Matteo , Marchegiani Andrea , Mangiaterra Sara , Rossi Giacomo , Gavazza Alessandra , Tesei Beniamino , Spaterna Andrea , Sagratini Gianni , Ricciutelli Massimo , Polzonetti Valeria , Pucciarelli Stefania , Vincenzetti Silvia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the scientific literature, there are only a few manuscripts available on small animal faecal proteomics.MethodsIn the present pilot study, this evaluation was performed using pooled faecal samples from 10 clinically healthy dogs and, for the first time, in 10 clinically healthy cats by mean of two‐dimensional electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsOur results showed the presence of nine (albumin, alkaline phosphatase, chymotrypsin‐C‐like, cytosol aminopeptidase, elastase‐3B/proteinase E, immunoglobulins and nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210) and 14 (albumin, caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein, chymotrypsin‐like, deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 protein‐like, hypothetical protein LOC107375, immunoglobulin, kallikrein‐1, superoxide dismutase, transthyretin precursor, interstitial collagenase‐like) different proteins in canine and feline faeces, respectively.ConclusionThese preliminary findings document the presence of a range of proteins in the faeces of apparently healthy dogs and cats and may serve as a basis for larger, prospective studies to establish reference proteomic data against which diseased populations can be compared.