bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media For Language Teaching and Learning in Digital Era
Authors: Hikmah Durratul 
Published: August 2021

Learning a new language is considered as difficult task because it needs more exercises in various skills. Media plays the important role in increasing the learners’ desire to learn by creating the atmosphere of fun. In this digital era, learning models utilize technology as leaning media to provide wider access and opportunities for students in building their own knowledge. The availability of technology in education enables educators to plan and implement innovative and interactive learning model. The main goal of this paper is to suggest the current media for teaching and learning language in digital era.
The Analysis of Students’ Learning Behavior In Isolated School of SMPN Satap Tojabi
Authors: Jamilah Radhiyatul , Suryadi Ray 
Published: August 2021

The research aimed to analyze the student’s learning behavior in isolated school it was conducted in a qualitative approach in SMPN SatapTojabi, Babussalam, Lasusua Sub District, North Kolaka District, South east Sulawesi it was one of the isolated schools in North KolakaDistric, located on the mountain it was about eight kilometers from the level of land with no electricity, people still used solar power for doing an activity related to electricity. The subject was the third grade students in the academic year 2019 – 2020 with 14 students. The data was collected by using observation and interview. The result showed that they gave various behaviors, some of them were diligent, obedient, and polite some of them were lazy, always messing about, and denying. By giving positive reinforcement students were not eager to get the reward even though the teacher promised a special reward some of them were still not change the behaviors. These behavior such as did not do the homework on time, messing about when their friends start to work, do not come at class on time, and keep the class noisy. While by giving negative reinforcement some students still much less discipline and less concern about their education.
Social Justice Across The English Curriculum In Indonesian Secondary Schools
Authors: Sugiono Sugiono 
Published: August 2021

Social justice across curriculum is believed to entail changes in society, and thus the integration of social justice into curriculum comes to be crucial. Socially just curriculum deals with the principles of inclusive practices at schools, access to important knowledge and skills to all students, and the empowerment of students to act for socially just change. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the English curriculum in Indonesian secondary schools, year 10, is socially just. This study focused on documentary research, analysing the collected documents – the curriculum framework and school-based curriculum development – from the lens of socially just curriculum indicators. These indicators were constructed based on the state ideology, Pancasila (Five Principles) and prominent scholars’ viewpoints of social justice covered in relevant literature. The results showed that most of all, those documents reflected the indicators for socially just curriculum. Nevertheless, to make a judgment as to whether the English curriculum is socially just is not a simple matter, since further research, which promotes talks with teachers and students, observation of classroom activities, analysis of methods of assessment, student textbooks, workbooks, and other resources, would be necessary to be done.
A State-of-Art Review of Digital Technologies for the Next Generation of Tinnitus Therapeutics
Authors: Searchfield Grant D. , Sanders Philip J. , Doborjeh Zohreh , Doborjeh Maryam , Boldu Roger , Sun Kevin , Barde Amit 
Published: August 2021

Background: Digital processing has enabled the development of several generations of technology for tinnitus therapy. The first digital generation was comprised of digital Hearing Aids (HAs) and personal digital music players implementing already established sound-based therapies, as well as text based information on the internet. In the second generation Smart-phone applications (apps) alone or in conjunction with HAs resulted in more therapy options for users to select from. The 3rd generation of digital tinnitus technologies began with the emergence of many novel, largely neurophysiologically-inspired, treatment theories that drove development of processing; enabled through HAs, apps, the internet and stand-alone devices. We are now of the cusp of a 4th generation that will incorporate physiological sensors, multiple transducers and AI to personalize therapies.Aim: To review technologies that will enable the next generations of digital therapies for tinnitus.Methods: A “state-of-the-art” review was undertaken to answer the question: what digital technology could be applied to tinnitus therapy in the next 10 years? Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for the 10-year period 2011–2021. The search strategy used the following key words: “tinnitus” and [“HA,” “personalized therapy,” “AI” (and “methods” or “applications”), “Virtual reality,” “Games,” “Sensors” and “Transducers”], and “Hearables.” Snowballing was used to expand the search from the identified papers. The results of the review were cataloged and organized into themes.Results: This paper identified digital technologies and research on the development of smart therapies for tinnitus. AI methods that could have tinnitus applications are identified and discussed. The potential of personalized treatments and the benefits of being able to gather data in ecologically valid settings are outlined.Conclusions: There is a huge scope for the application of digital technology to tinnitus therapy, but the uncertain mechanisms underpinning tinnitus present a challenge and many posited therapeutic approaches may not be successful. Personalized AI modeling based on biometric measures obtained through various sensor types, and assessments of individual psychology and lifestyles should result in the development of smart therapy platforms for tinnitus.
Immune Monitoring Assay for Extracorporeal Photopheresis Treatment Optimization After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Dieterlen Maja-Theresa , Klaeske Kristin , Bernhardt Alexander A. , Borger Michael A. , Klein Sara , Garbade Jens , Lehmann Sven , Ayuk Francis Ayuketang , Reichenspurner Herrmann , Barten Markus J. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) induces immunological changes that lead to a reduced risk of transplant rejection. The aim of the present study was to determine optimum conditions for ECP treatment by analyzing a variety of tolerance-inducing immune cells to optimize the treatment.MethodsTen ECP treatments were applied to each of 17 heart-transplant patients from month 3 to month 9 post-HTx. Blood samples were taken at baseline, three times during treatment, and four months after the last ECP treatment. The abundance of subsets of tolerance-inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in the samples was determined by flow cytometry. A multivariate statistical model describing the immunological status of rejection-free heart transplanted patients was used to visualize the patient-specific immunological improvement induced by ECP.ResultsAll BDCA+ DC subsets (BDCA1+ DCs: p &lt; 0.01, BDCA2+ DCs: p &lt; 0.01, BDCA3+ DCs: p &lt; 0.01, BDCA4+ DCs: p &lt; 0.01) as well as total Tregs(p &lt; 0.01) and CD39+ Tregs(p &lt; 0.01) increased during ECP treatment, while CD62L+ Tregs decreased (p &lt; 0.01). The cell surface expression level of BDCA1 (p &lt; 0.01) and BDCA4 (p &lt; 0.01) on DCs as well as of CD120b (p &lt; 0.01) on Tregs increased during the study period, while CD62L expression on Tregs decreased significantly (p = 0.04). The cell surface expression level of BDCA2 (p = 0.47) and BDCA3 (p = 0.22) on DCs as well as of CD39 (p = 0.14) and CD147 (p = 0.08) on Tregs remained constant during the study period. A cluster analysis showed that ECP treatment led to a sustained immunological improvement.ConclusionsWe developed an immune monitoring assay for ECP treatment after heart transplantation by analyzing changes in tolerance-inducing immune cells. This assay allowed differentiation of patients who did and did not show immunological improvement. Based on these results, we propose classification criteria that may allow optimization of the duration of ECP treatment.
Roles of Children and Adolescents in COVID-19 Transmission in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide Data in Japan
Authors: Imamura Tadatsugu , Saito Mayuko , Ko Yura K. , Imamura Takeaki , Otani Kanako , Akaba Hiroki , Ninomiya Kota , Furuse Yuki , Miyahara Reiko , Sando Eiichiro , Yasuda Ikkoh , Tsuchiya Naho ,   The National COVID-19 Cluster Response Taskforce, Suzuki Motoi , Oshitani Hitoshi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Roles of children and adolescents in spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the community is not fully understood.Methods: We analyzed the data of 7,758 children and adolescents with COVID-19 and characteristics of secondary transmission generated by these cases using case information published by local governments. Ratio of pediatric and adolescent cases generating secondary transmission was calculated for various social settings.Results: The incidence of COVID-19 was 24.8 cases per 105 population aged between 0 and 9 years, and 59.2 among those aged between 10 and 19 years, which was lower than that among individuals of all age groups (79.6 per 105 population) between January 15 and October 31, 2020. The proportion of cases generating secondary cases was 8.3% among infants and young children in nursery schools and kindergartens, 16% among children and adolescents attending primary schools, 34% among those attending junior high schools, 43% among those attending high schools, 31% among those attending professional training colleges, and 24% in those attending universities. Households were the most common setting for secondary transmission.Conclusion: The risk of generating secondary cases might be limited among pediatric and adolescent cases with COVID-19, especially in settings outside households. Effectiveness of traditional mitigation measures (e.g., school closures) to suppress COVID-19 transmissions should be carefully evaluated.
Small for Gestational Age Preterm Neonates Exhibit Defective GH/IGF1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Motte-Signoret Emmanuelle , Shankar-Aguilera Shivani , Brailly-Tabard Sylvie , Soreze Yohan , Dell Orto Valentina , Ben Ammar Rafik , De Luca Daniele , Boileau Pascal 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate the impact of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on hormonal regulation of post-natal growth and glucose metabolism [via insulin and growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like Growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis pathways] in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates.Methods: We conducted a monocentric observational prospective comparative study on 73 singleton babies born with a weight inferior to 2,000 g. We analyzed auxological (weight, height and head circumference), and hormonal (GH, IGF1, and insulin plasma concentrations) data comparing SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates, between day 1 and 60.Results: One third (23/73) of the neonates were SGA. Twenty-five percent (18/73) required insulin for idiopathic hyperglycemia of prematurity and were smaller in weight and head circumference at discharge. In the SGA group compared with the AGA group, GH plasma concentrations were higher at day 3 (70.1 vs. 38.0 mIU/L) and IGF1 plasma concentrations were higher at day 10 (29.0 vs. 18.7 ng/ml).Conclusions: SGA neonates displayed resistance to GH and IGF1, concomitant to insulin resistance. This could partially explain the initial defective catch-up growth and, later in life, the higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this population.
An Effective and Safe Novel Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: Unilateral Transcranial Photobiomodulation
Authors: Schiffer Fredric , Khan Alaptagin , Bolger Elizabeth , Flynn Edward , Seltzer William P. , Teicher Martin H. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The opioid epidemic is a global tragedy even with current treatments, and a novel, safe, and effective treatment would be welcomed. We report here our findings from our second randomized controlled trial to evaluate unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation as a treatment for opioid use disorder.Methods: We enrolled 39 participants with active opioid cravings at 2 sites, 19 received the active treatment which consisted of a 4-min twice weekly (every 3 or 4 days) application of a light-emitting diode at 810 nm with an irradiance of 250 mW/cm2 and a fluence of 60 J/cm2 to the forehead over either the left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with a fluence to the brain of 2.1 J/cm2. Twenty participants received a sham treatment with the same device with foil over the bulb. The side of the treatment was based on Dual-Brain Psychology, which posits that one hemisphere is more affected by past maltreatments and is more prone to anxiety and drug cravings that the other hemisphere. We treated the hemisphere with the more positive hemispheric emotional valence (HEV) by 2 tests for HEV.Results: Our primary outcome was changes in pre-treatment opioid craving scale (OCS) minus baseline, and we found using a mixed model that the active group had a highly significant treatment * time benefit over the sham group, p &lt; 0.0001, effect size at the last follow-up of 1.5. The active treatment benefited those not on buprenorphine as well as those not on it. The TimeLine Follow Back measure of opioid use was significantly better in the actively treated group, p = 0.0001, with an effect size of 0.45. We observed no adverse effects.Conclusion: Active unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation to the brain hemisphere with the better HEV was better than sham in the reduction of opioid cravings and opioid use to a very significant degree in a RCT of 39 participants at 2 independent sites. In the active group those on buprenorphine and those not on it both had improvements in cravings over the study. No adverse responses were reported in either group. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04340622.
Challenges Faced by Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inquiry From Bangladesh
Authors: Razu Shaharior Rahman , Yasmin Tasnuva , Arif Taimia Binte , Islam Md. Shahin , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Ward Paul 
Published: August 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused increasing challenges for healthcare professionals globally. However, there is a dearth of information about these challenges in many developing countries, including Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) during COVID-19 in Bangladesh.Methods: We conducted qualitative research among healthcare professionals of different hospitals and clinics in Khulna and Dhaka city of Bangladesh from May 2020 to August 2020. We conducted 15 in-depth telephone interviews using a snowball sampling technique. We used an in-depth interview guide as data were collected, audiotaped, and transcribed. The data were analyzed both manually and using QDA Miner software as we used thematic analysis for this study.Results: Seven themes emerged from the study. Participants experienced higher workload, psychological distress, shortage of quality personal protective equipment (PPE), social exclusion/stigmatization, lack of incentives, absence of coordination, and proper management during their service. These healthcare professionals faced difficulty coping with these challenges due to situational and organizational factors. They reported of faith in God and mutual support to be the keys to adapt to adversities. Adequate support to address the difficulties faced by healthcare professionals is necessary for an overall improved health outcome during the pandemic.Conclusion: The findings highlight the common challenges faced by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. This implies the need to support adequate safety kits, protocols, and support for both physical and mental health of the healthcare professionals.
Comparison of Submucosal With Intramuscular or Intravenous Administration of Dexamethasone for Third Molar Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hou Chengyu , Liu Feng , Liu Chengbin 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The study aimed to review evidence on the efficacy of submucosal (SM) administration vs. intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) route of injections of dexamethasone for improving outcomes after mandibular third molar surgery.Methods: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 20th May 2021. Early (2–3 days) and late (7 days) outcomes were compared between SM vs. IV or IM dexamethasone. Quality of evidence was assessed based on GRADE.Results: Thirteen trials were included in the systematic review and 10 in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in early pain with IV dexamethasone but no such difference for late pain compared to the SM group. There was no difference in early and late swelling scores between the SM and IV groups. Pooled analysis indicated no significant difference in early and late trismus between SM and IV groups. Comparing SM with IM dexamethasone, there was no significant difference in early and late pain scores. Swelling in the early and late postoperative periods was not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in early and late trismus between SM and IM groups. The quality of evidence was low for all outcomes.Conclusion: Low-quality evidence suggests that SM infiltration of dexamethasone results in similar outcomes as compared to IV or IM administration of the drug after third molar surgeries. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to corroborate the current conclusions.
The Prognostic Role of PORT and EGFR Mutation Status in Completely Resected Stage IIIA/N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Postoperative Chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Kunlun , Li Shenglei , Li Yan , Yuan Ling 
Published: August 2021

Background: The treatment choice for completely resected stage IIIA/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is still controversial now. Our study aims to identify potential prognostic factors in stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients with complete surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy.Methods: In this study, we screened the stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients diagnosed in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2015 to 2019. Completely resected patients with postoperative chemotherapy (PCT) were enrolled. The univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the subgroup analyses.Results: 180 patients were collected, including 142 patients with PCT treatment alone and 38 patients with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) treatment. The median DFS was 17.8 months (95% CI: 16.5–19.1 months) and the median OS was 50.6 months (47.4–53.9 months) in all the patients. The median DFS of the PORT group was significantly longer than the PCT group (38.7 vs 16.7 months, p &lt; 0.001). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive patients had a worse DFS compared with EGFR mutation-negative patients (16.8 vs 18.0 months, p = 0.032). Possible prognostic factors were evaluated through univariate COX regression analysis. The further multivariate COX regression analysis showed that patients with PORT (HR: 0.318, 95% CI: 0.185–0.547, p &lt; 0.001), EGFR mutation-negative (HR: 0.678, 95% CI: 0.492–0.990, p = 0.044), T1 (HR: 0.661, 95% CI: 0.472–0.925, p = 0.016), and lobectomy (HR: 0.423, 95% CI: 0.191–0.935, p = 0.034), had better DFS. The only independent prognostic factor of OS was the type of surgery (p = 0.013).Conclusion: PORT might improve the DFS of stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients with complete surgical resection and PCT, but it cannot increase OS. Besides, EGFR mutation status, T stage, and type of surgery are possible independent prognostic factors for DFS, and type of surgery is associated with OS. These factors remain to be clarified in further studies.
Highly Conductive Nanocrystalline Diamond Films and Electronic Metallization Scheme
Authors: Chen Xin , Mohr Markus , Brühne Kai , Fecht Hans-Jörg 
Published: August 2021

By using a methane and hydrogen process gas mixture in an appropriate hot-filament CVD process without further dopant, high electrical conductivity of over 100 S/cm has been achieved in nanocrystalline diamond films deposited on silicon single-crystalline substrates. Furthermore, it was found that an oxygen reactive-ion etching process (O-RIE) can improve the diamond film surface’s electron affinity, thus reducing the specific contact resistance. The reduction of the specific contact resistance by a factor of up to 16 was realized by the oxygen ion etching process, down to 6×10−6 Ωcm2. We provide a qualitative explanation for the mechanism behind the contact resistance reduction in terms of the electron affinity of the diamond surface. With the aid of XPS, AFM, and surface wetting measurements, we confirmed that a higher surface electron affinity is responsible for the lower specific contact resistance of the oxygen-terminated nanocrystalline diamond films.
Breeding Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Mixture with Grasses
Authors: Grieder Christoph , Kempf Katharina , Schubiger Franz Xaver 
Published: August 2021

Cultivation of forage mixtures offers several advantages over monocultures, but forage legumes like alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are mostly bred in pure stands. Our goal was to assess the extent of accession-by-cultivation system interaction when alfalfa plants are grown in pure stands or in an easily adaptable nursery system together with their companion grasses, thereby determining the system most suitable for selection in mixture. Spaced plants of 50 alfalfa accessions were grown on bare soil as control treatment (CONV), in a sown sward of short growing lawn cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and red fescue (F. rubra L.) (LAWN), and in a sown sward of taller forage cultivars of the same species (FORA). Accession-by-cultivation system interaction variances were large for growth habit but small for vigor. Phenotypic correlation coefficients (rp) among the cultivation systems were high for vigor, whereby LAWN was somewhat more predictive for FORA (rp, FORA−LAWN = 0.83) than CONV (rp, FORA−CONV = 0.77). Observed accession-by-genotype interactions can be used pro or contra necessity for selection in mixture. However, the LAWN cultivation system might be a good compromise for practical breeding, allowing to account for given competition effects among species and to easily assess traits in the nursery.