bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Transient Ischemic Attack in a Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Wendi , Sun Pei , Han Fengyue , Qu Chuanqiang 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to collect and evaluate basic information of a stroke screening population in eastern China and to compare distribution differences in risk factors between males and females in a transient ischemic attack (TIA) population.Methods: A standardization of the risk factors for stroke was performed according to an implementation plan of stroke in a high-risk population screening and intervention project in Shandong Province. Of the 231,289 residents, 8,603 patients with a previous TIA were identified and risk factors in this cohort were analyzed for sex differences.Results: In our initial cohort of 231,289 residents, we found 3,390 men and 5,213 women with TIA, accounting for a prevalence of 3.1 and 4.2%, respectively. Risk factors for TIA were hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, lack of exercise, overweight, and family history of stroke. In our TIA cohort, we found that the prevalence of smoking was significantly higher in men (41.3%) compared with that found in women (4.2%). Further, hypertension (58.8 vs. 55.5%) and family history of stroke (22.3 vs. 20.0%) were more prevalent in men compared with women, whereas atrial fibrillation (AF) (14.7 vs. 16.4%), diabetes (11.1 vs. 13.2%), lack of exercise (27.2 vs. 28.0%), and overweight (29.5 vs. 35.7%) were less prevalent.Conclusions: In our TIA cohort from eastern China, we found significant sex differences for the risk factors of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, diabetes, and overweight.
Brain Volume and Perception of Cognitive Impairment in People With Multiple Sclerosis and Their Caregivers
Authors: Fenu Giuseppe , Lorefice Lorena , Carta Elisa , Arru Mauro , Carta Alice , Fronza Marzia , Coghe Giancarlo , Frau Jessica , Contu Franco , Barracciu Maria Antonietta , Cocco Eleonora 
Published: May 2021

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The assessment of CI is based on neuropsychological tests and accurate anamnesis, involving the patients and caregivers (CG). This study aimed to assess the complex interplay between self-perception of CI, objective CI and the brain atrophy of MS patients, also exploring the possible differences with CI evaluated by caregivers.Methods: Relapsing pwMS were enrolled in this study. Subjects underwent neuropsychological examination using the Brief Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) and evaluation of self-reported cognitive status using the patient-version of the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (p-MSNQ). Depression and anxiety were also evaluated using the Back Depression Inventory-version II (BDI-II) and Zung Anxiety Scale. Brain MRI images were acquired and brain volumes estimated. For each patient that was enrolled, we spoke to a caregiver and collected their perception of the patient's CI using the MSNQ- Caregiver version.Results: Ninety-five MS subjects with their caregivers were enrolled. CI was detected in 51 (53.7%) patients. We found a significant correlation (p &lt; 0.001) between BICAMS T scores and lower whole brain (Rho = 0.51), gray matter (Rho = 0.54), cortical gray matter (Rho = 0.51) volumes and lower p-MSNQ (Rho = 0.31), and cg-MSNQ (Rho = 0.41) scores. Multivariate logistic regression showed that p-MSNQ is related to a patient's anxiety to evaluate by Zung Score (p &lt; 0.001) while cg-MSNQ to patient's brain volume (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Our data confirm that neuropsychological evaluation results are related to the perception of CI and brain volume measures and highlight the importance of the caregiver's perception for cognitive assessment of pwMS.
The Mini-Craniotomy for cSDH Revisited: New Perspectives
Authors: Chen Jefferson W. , Xu Jordan C. , Malkasian Dennis , Perez-Rosendahl Mari A. , Tran Diem Kieu 
Published: May 2021

Background: Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) are increasingly prevalent worldwide with the increased aging population and anticoagulant use. Different surgical, medical, and endovascular treatments have had varying success rates. Primary neurosurgical interventions include burr hole drainage of the cSDH and mini-craniotomies/craniotomies with or without fenestration of the inner membrane. A key assessment of the success or failure of cSDH treatments has been symptomatic recurrence rates which have historically ranged from 5 to 30%. Pre-operative prediction of the inner subdural membrane by CT scan was used to guide our decision to perform mini-craniotomies. Release of the inner membrane facilitates the expansion of the brain and likely improves glymphatic flow.Methods: Consecutive mini-craniotomies (N = 34) for cSDH evacuation performed by a single neurosurgeon at a quaternary academic medical center/Level I trauma center from July 2018-September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics [age, gender, presenting GCS, GOS, initial CTs noting the inner subdural membrane, midline shift (MLS), cSDH width, inner membrane fenestration, cSDH recurrence, post-operative seizures, infections, length of stay] were extracted from the EMR.Results: Twenty nine patients had mini-craniotomies as primary treatment of the cSDH. Mean age = 68.9 ± 19.7 years (range 22–102), mean pre-operative GCS = 14.5 ± 1.1, mean MLS = 6.75 ± 4.2 mm, and mean maximum thickness of cSDH = 17.7 ± 6.0 mm. Twenty four were unilateral, five bilateral, 34 total craniotomies were performed. Thirty three had inner membrane signs on pre-operative head CTs and an inner subdural membrane was fenestrated in all cases except for the one craniotomy that didn't show these characteristic CT findings. Mean operating time = 79.5 ± 26.0 min. Radiographic and clinical improvement occurred in all patients. Mean improvement in MLS = 3.85 ± 2.69. There were no symptomatic recurrences, re-operations, surgical site infections, or deaths during the 6 months of follow-up. One patient was treated for post-operative seizures with AEDs for 6 months.Conclusion: Pre-operative CT scans demonstrating inner subdural membranes may guide one to target the treatment to allow release of this tension band. Mini-craniotomy with careful fenestration of the inner membrane is very effective for this. Brain re-expansion and re-establishment of normal brain interstitial flow may be important in long term outcomes with cSDH and may be related to the recent interests in brain glymphatics and dural lymphatics.
Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Patients: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rajashekar Deepthi , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Goyal Mayank , Fiehler Jens , Forkert Nils D. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Clinical stroke rehabilitation decision making relies on multi-modal data, including imaging and other clinical assessments. However, most previously described methods for predicting long-term stroke outcomes do not make use of the full multi-modal data available. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate the benefit of nested regression models that utilise clinical assessments as well as image-based biomarkers to model 30-day NIHSS.Method: 221 subjects were pooled from two prospective trials with follow-up MRI or CT scans, and NIHSS assessed at baseline, as well as 48-hours and 30 days after symptom onset. Three prediction models for 30-day NIHSS were developed using a support vector regression model: one clinical model based on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors (MCLINICAL) and two nested regression models that aggregate clinical and image-based features that differed with respect to the method used for selection of important brain regions for the modelling task. The first model used the widely accepted RreliefF (MRELIEF) machine learning method for this purpose, while the second model employed a lesion-symptom mapping technique (MLSM) often used in neuroscience to investigate structure-function relationships and identify eloquent regions in the brain.Results: The two nested models achieved a similar performance while considerably outperforming the clinical model. However, MRELIEF required fewer brain regions and achieved a lower mean absolute error than MLSM while being less computationally expensive.Conclusion: Aggregating clinical and imaging information leads to considerably better outcome prediction models. While lesion-symptom mapping is a useful tool to investigate structure-function relationships of the brain, it does not lead to better outcome predictions compared to a simple data-driven feature selection approach, which is less computationally expensive and easier to implement.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in Female Androgenic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Shuying , Qi Fei , Gong Yue , Zhang Chenxi , Zhao Siqi , Yang Xutong , He Yanling 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The population of young women who suffered from female pattern hair loss (FPHL) or female androgenic alopecia (AGA) is gradually increasing. Platelet-rich plasma is a novel and promising therapeutic method as a nonsurgical treatment for FPHL.Objective: To summarize different preparation methods of PRP and treatment regimes in FPHL, qualitatively evaluate the current observations, and quantitively analyze the efficacy of PRP in FPHL treatment.Methods: Six databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, and CNKI, were searched with terms “platelet-rich plasma,” synonyms for AGA and FPHL. Meta-analysis was conducted with enrolled observational studies and randomized controlled trials separately.Results: We evaluated 636 studies and 12 trials from all searched databases. A total of 42 studies of 1,569 cases, including 776 female participants covering 16 randomized controlled trials and 26 observational trials, were included for qualitative synthesis study and systematic review. PRP showed positive efficacy in treating FPHL in hair density compared to the control groups with odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% CI 0.52–2.70, and compared to baseline with OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.86–1.37.Conclusion: PRP showed excellent efficiency as a novel therapy of FPHL through hair density evaluation. Further studies are needed to define standardized protocols, and large-scale randomized trials still need to be conducted to confirm its efficacy.
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue as a Risk Factor for Mortality and Muscle Injury in Critically Ill Patients Affected by COVID-19
Authors: Rossi Andrea P. , Gottin Leonardo , Donadello Katia , Schweiger Vittorio , Brandimarte Piero , Zamboni Giulia A. , Florio Alessandro , Boetti Riccardo , Pavan Gaia , Zamboni Mauro , Polati Enrico 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMuscular fatigue and injury are frequently observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether different muscle adipose tissue depots are associated with mortality and muscle damage in patients affected by COVID-19 admitted to the ICU.MethodsCT images were obtained in 153 ICU patients with COVID-19 (121 males and 32 females). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein, Creatine PhosphoKinase (CPK), muscle density, and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were measured.ResultsParticipants in the highest tertile of IMAT/muscle had the shorter 28-day survival from ICU admission as compared to subjects in the first tertile. Estimates derived from the Cox proportional hazard models, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, confirmed the results of the survival analysis (HR 3.94, 95% CI: 1.03–15.09). Participants in the lowest tertile of muscle density had the shorter survival at 28 days from ICU admission as compared to subjects in the highest tertile (HR 3.27, 95% CI: 1.18–4.61), but the relationship was no longer significant when age was included in the model. Subjects in the second muscle density tertile did not show an increased risk.Participants in the highest tertile of IMAT/muscle and those in the lowest tertile of muscle density showed both significantly higher CPK adjusted for weight values as evaluated during the first 8 days of hospitalization.ConclusionOur data seem to suggest that higher levels of IMAT/muscle and low muscle density are both associated with higher risk of ICU mortality and muscle injury as evaluated with CPK level.
Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among Young Adults in Zurich, Switzerland, September 2020
Authors: Leos-Toro Cesar , Ribeaud Denis , Bechtiger Laura , Steinhoff Annekatrin , Nivette Amy , Murray Aja L. , Hepp Urs , Quednow Boris B. , Eisner Manuel P. , Shanahan Lilly 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Young adults are essential to the effective mitigation of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) given their tendency toward greater frequency of social interactions. Little is known about vaccine willingness during pandemics in European populations. This study examined young people’s attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines in Fall 2020.Methods: Data came from an ongoing longitudinal study’s online COVID-19-focused supplement among young adults aged 22 in Zurich, Switzerland (N = 499) in September 2020. Logistic regressions examined young adults’ likelihood of participating in COVID-19 immunization programs.Results: Approximately half of respondents reported being unlikely to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Compared to males, females were more likely to oppose COVID-19 vaccination (p &lt; 0.05). In multivariate models, Sri Lankan maternal background and higher socioeconomic status were associated with a greater likelihood of getting vaccinated against COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.05). Respondents were more likely to report a willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 when they perceived 1) an effective government response (p &lt; 0.05) and 2) their information sources to be objective (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: This study communicates aspects important to the development of targeted information campaigns to promote engagement in COVID-19 immunization efforts.
Deep Learning and Phenology Enhance Large-Scale Tree Species Classification in Aerial Imagery during a Biosecurity Response
Authors: Pearse Grant D. , Watt Michael S. , Soewarto Julia , Tan Alan Y. S. 
Published: May 2021

The ability of deep convolutional neural networks (deep learning) to learn complex visual characteristics offers a new method to classify tree species using lower-cost data such as regional aerial RGB imagery. In this study, we use 10 cm resolution imagery and 4600 trees to develop a deep learning model to identify Metrosideros excelsa (pōhutukawa)—a culturally important New Zealand tree that displays distinctive red flowers during summer and is under threat from the invasive pathogen Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust). Our objectives were to compare the accuracy of deep learning models that could learn the distinctive visual characteristics of the canopies with tree-based models (XGBoost) that used spectral and textural metrics. We tested whether the phenology of pōhutukawa could be used to enhance classification by using multitemporal aerial imagery that showed the same trees with and without widespread flowering. The XGBoost model achieved an accuracy of 86.7% on the dataset with strong phenology (flowering). Without phenology, the accuracy fell to 79.4% and the model relied on the blueish hue and texture of the canopies. The deep learning model achieved 97.4% accuracy with 96.5% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity when leveraging phenology—even though the intensity of flowering varied substantially. Without strong phenology, the accuracy of the deep learning model remained high at 92.7% with sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 94.3% despite significant variation in the appearance of non-flowering pōhutukawa. Pooling time-series imagery did not enhance either approach. The accuracy of XGBoost and deep learning models were, respectively, 83.2% and 95.2%, which were of intermediate precision between the separate models.
Três concepções acerca dos desastres
Authors: Cartaxo Sintilla Abreu , Shiota Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica objetiva apresentar três concepções sobre os desastres do ponto de vista sociológico. Na primeira abordagem, os desastres são a expressão de um agente externo intimidador, na segunda, os desastres traduzem a expressão social da vulnerabilidade e, por último, os desastres são vistos como um estado de incertezas geradas pelas próprias instituições. A reflexão sociológica oferece um conhecimento aprofundado acerca das conexões sócio práticas produtoras de riscos e vulnerabilidades múltiplas, que a prevenção e a ação nos episódios de desastres demandam. O reconhecimento do vocabulário e dos diversos usos do conceito de desastre é de extrema importância para a formação daqueles que intervêm nas ocasiões de danos.
EFEKTIVITAS TABLET ZAT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN TEKANAN DARAH IBU HAMIL
Authors: . Damayanti , Gulo Nia Surtika , Anuhgerah Diah Evawanna , Handayani Dwi 
Published: May 2021

Changes in blood pressure are normal during pregnancy. Because, the hormone progesterone which is produced during pregnancy, can relax the walls of blood vessels. Sagging walls of blood vessels, can reduce blood pressure in the first trimester and second trimester of pregnancy. This condition can cause dizziness when sitting or standing suddenly. Normal blood pressure values ​​in pregnant women do not differ from general conditions, which is 120/80 mmHg. If the blood pressure is recorded below 90/60 mmHg, this can indicate a blood pressure less.
This research aims to To find out how the effectiveness of iron tablets on changes in blood pressure of pregnant women at Rosni Alizar Pratama Clinic, Medan Timur District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2020. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest with control group approach. The study population was all pregnant women who did ANC examination at Rosni Alizar Pratama Clinic as many as 38 people. The sample selection using purposive sampling was calculated using the Slovin formula of 28 people.
The results of the study used Wilcoxon test results obtained 0.157 and 1,000 > 0.05. It is expected that health workers on duty at the research site always measure vital signs for pregnant women during ANC visits.
Conclusion : There is no effectiveness in giving iron tablets to changes in blood pressure in pregnant women
Keywords: iron tablet, blood pressure, pregnant women
Biology Reproduction Of Banggai Cardinal Fish Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933 In Lembeh Strait
Authors: Mogontha Lolouren , Bataragoa Nego E. , Rondonuwu Ari B. 
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to determine the reproductive aspects of Banggai Cardinal Fish (Pterapogon kauderni) in the Lembeh Strait. Fish samples were obtained by “Small Chang Net” in the Lembeh Strait. The total sample was 150 individuals. Sex Ratio of Pterapogon kauderni in Serena Besar Island 1: 1, in LIPI 1: 1 water, and in Papusungan waters 1: 1. IKG Pterapogon kauderni in Serena besar location in females obtained 0.26 ± 0.21 and in males 0, 26 ± 0.13. Location of Papusungan, females obtained 1.25 ± 1.00 and in males 0.37 ± 0.16. Then finally, at the LIPI location, females obtained 0.64 ± 1.12 and in males 0.50 ±,69. Gonad Maturity Levels are classified into three categories, young gonads, mature and salty gonads, with a percentage of 25% of individual young gonads, 20% of mature gonads, and 55% of saline gonads, respectively. Gonadal maturity index in each category of gonad maturity is young gonad 0.23, mature 2.16 and salin 0.27. The "Ovarian Fecundity" is 30 ± 11 eggs, and the "Fecundity Brooding" fecundity is 48 ± 16 eggs.Keywords: Pterapogon kauderni, Sex Ratio, Gonad Maturity, FecundityABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aspek reproduksi ikan Capungan banggai (Pterapogon kauderni) yang ada di Selat Lembeh. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan cara ditangkap menggunakan “Small Chang Net” Di Selat Lembeh. Total hasil tangkapan Berjumlah 150 individu. Nisbah kelamin Pterapogon kauderni di Pulau Serena Besar 1 : 1. Di perairan LIPI 1 : 1, dan di Perairan Papusungan 1 : 1. IKG Ikan Pterapogon kauderni di lokasi P. Serena Besar betina diperoleh 0,26 ± 0,21 dan pada jantan 0,26 ± 0,13. Di lokasi Papusungan, betina diperoleh 1,25 ± 1,00 dan pada jantan 0,37 ± 0,16. Kemudian terakhir di lokasi LIPI, pada betina diperoleh 0,64 ± 1,12 dan pada jantan 0,50 ± ,69. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad dikelompookan dalam tiga kategori yakni gonad muda, matang dan salin, dengan prosentasi masing-masing 25 % idividu gonad muda, 20% gonad matang, dan 55% gonad salin. Indeks kematangan gonad pada setiap kategori kematangan gonad adalah gonad muda 0,23, matang 2,16 dan salin 0,27. Fekunditas “Ovarian fecundity“ adalah sebanya 30±11 butir telur, dan fekunditas “Brooding fecundity“ adalah 48±16 butir telur.Kata kunci: Pterapogon kauderni, Nisbah Kelamin, Kematangan Gonad, Fekunditas
Length-Weight Relationship and Gonad Maturity of Marble sleeper Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852) in Tondano Lake North Sulawesi
Authors: Umage Ikky Ahdian , Bataragoa Nego E. , Rangan Jety K. , Lohoo Anneke V. , Kusen Janny D. , Moningkey Ruddy D. 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the length-weight relationship and gonad maturity of Betutu fish (Oxyeleotris marmorata) in Lake Tondano. Fish samples were caught using gill nets and lift nets in Lake Tondano. Total catches of 240 individuals. The legth-weight relation of male fish is W = 0.0094 L3.14 positive allometric growth pattern. Female female fish obtained W = 0.0104 L3.11 positive allometric growth patterns. The condition factor for male fish is 1.46 male and 1.47 female respectively. All levels of gonad maturity (I, II, III, IV and V) were found in each sample both in August and September. The size of the first mature male male fish is 219 ± 3 mm (range in size 216-222 mm) and female fish 171 ± 3 (range in size 169-174 mm).Keywords: Length-Weight, gonad maturity, Tondano Lake ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang-berat dan kematangan gonad ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata) yang ada di danau Tondano. Sampel ikan ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang dan jaring angkat di danau Tondano. Total hasil tangkapan 240 individu. Hubungan panjang-berat ikan betutu jantan yaitu W = 0,0094L3,1394 pola pertumbuhan allometrik positif. Ikan betutu betina didapatkan W = 0,0104L3,1137 pola pertumbuhan allometrik positif. Faktor kondisi ikan betutu jantan masing-masing sebesar 1,46 ikan jantan dan 1,47 ikan betina. Seluruh tingkat kematangan gonad (I, II, III, IV dan V) ditemukan pada setiap sampel baik pada bulan agustus maupun bulan September. Ukuran pertama kali matang ikan betutu jantan yaitu 219 ±3 mm (kisaran ukuran 216-222 mm) dan ikan betina 171±3 (kisaran ukuran 169-174 mm)Kata Kunci: Panjang-berat, kematangan gonad, Danau Tondano
Sistema de Consulta e Alerta de Poluição Causada pela Fumaça Decorrente do Fogo na Vegetação (VFSP-WAS) da Organização Meteorológica Mundial (WMO): Conceito, Capacidades Atuais, Desafios de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, e o Caminho a Seguir
Authors: Baklanov Alexander , Chew Boon Ning , Frassoni Ariane , Gan Christopher , Goldammer Johann , Keywood Melita , Mangeon Stéphane , Manseau Patrick M. , Pavlovic Radenko 
Published: May 2021

O fogo na vegetação, incluindo a aplicação do fogo no uso da terra e na mudança de uso da terra, assim como os incêndios florestais, afetam o funcionamento do sistema terrestre e impõem ameaças significativas à saúde e segurança públicas. Este documento apresenta o conceito de um Sistema de Avaliação e Alerta de Poluição causada por Fumaça decorrente do Fogo na Vegetação (VFSP-WAS, na sigla em inglês). Apresenta-se o fundamento científico do sistema e diretrizes para abordar as questões de fogo na vegetação e poluição por fumaça, indicando-se os principais desafios para a pesquisa. O artigo propõe o estabelecimento de centros regionais VFSP-WAS e mostra exemplos potenciais do conceito VFSP-WAS em duas regiões (sudeste da Ásia e América do Norte), onde centros regionais VFSP-WAS trabalham em parceria com Centros Regionais de Monitoramento de Fogo/Manejo de fogo.