bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of DNA Methylation Reprogramming During Sex Determination and Transition in Zebrafish
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Ma Xin , Wei Gaobo , Ma Weirui , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xuepeng , Gao Lei , Liu Zhenbo , Yuan Yue , Yi Lizhi , Wang Jun , Tokumoto Toshinobu , Huang Junjiu , Chen Dahua , Zhang Jian , Liu Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
DNA methylation is a prevalent epigenetic modification in vertebrates, and it has been shown to be involved the regulation of gene expression and embryo development. However, it remains unclear how DNA methylation regulates sexual development, especially in species without sex chromosomes. To determine this, we utilized zebrafish to investigate DNA methylation reprogramming during juvenile germ cell development and adult female-to-male sex transition. We reveal that primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergo significant DNA methylation reprogramming during germ cell development, and the methylome of PGCs is reset to an oocyte/ovary-like pattern at 9 days post fertilization (9 dpf). When DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity in juveniles was blocked after 9 dpf, the zebrafish developed into females. We also show that Tet3 is involved in PGC development. Notably, we find that DNA methylome reprogramming during adult zebrafish sex transition is similar to the reprogramming during the sex differentiation from 9 dpf PGCs to sperm. Furthermore, inhibiting DNMT activity can prevent the female-to-male sex transition, suggesting that methylation reprogramming is required for zebrafish sex transition. In summary, DNA methylation plays important roles in zebrafish germ cell development and sexual plasticity.
Pediatric and adolescent mood disorders
Authors: Sulley Saanie , Ndanga Memory , Mensah Nana 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Mental health is an essential aspect of health and wellbeing that the general population often overlooks. This study aims to utilize a nationwide sample [Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kid's Inpatient Database (KID)] to analyze the factors affecting inpatient mood disorder admissions in the United States.

Methods:
A total of 295,472 cases ages 1–20 were identified to meet the criteria (Appendix A) for the selected mood disorders from the HCUP KID 2016 dataset. We conducted descriptive statistics of the individual diagnosis. We evaluated the relationships with variables such as age (grouped), sex, region, disposition, household income, race, rural-urban demographics, and mean charges. We also conducted association tests for the variables of interest.

Results:
An average of six days LOS was observed for mood disorders compared to four days LOS for other pediatric inpatient admissions nationwide. The highest prevalence rate (per 100,000) of single (5050), recurrent (2284) episode MDD and bipolar disorder (2445) was observed among no charge (uninsured) populations. The native American population had the highest rate prevalence of single episode MDD (3274) and highest extreme and significant loss of function at presentation. The highest manic episode presentation rate was observed among Black (12) and Native American (9) populations. Manic episodes and bipolar disorder were higher among young adults (47 and 4554); teenagers (13–17) showed a higher presentation rate for all other mood disorders.

Conclusion:
No charge (uninsured), teenagers (13–17), females, native Americans, and south and midwest regions showed a higher rate of mood disorder presentations among the population. Understanding these variances could play a vital role in highlighting the need for new innovative care approaches. Comprehensive mental health programs in collaboration with educational and community organizations and other stakeholders could be vital to addressing mood and mental health among these populations. This approach tackles several social influencers such as stigma and support to ensure effectiveness and sustainability.conclusion.
The role of m6A modification in the biological functions and diseases
Authors: Jiang Xiulin , Liu Baiyang , Nie Zhi , Duan Lincan , Xiong Qiuxia , Jin Zhixian , Yang Cuiping , Chen Yongbin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent, abundant and conserved internal cotranscriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs, especially within higher eukaryotic cells. m6A modification is modified by the m6A methyltransferases, or writers, such as METTL3/14/16, RBM15/15B, ZC3H3, VIRMA, CBLL1, WTAP, and KIAA1429, and, removed by the demethylases, or erasers, including FTO and ALKBH5. It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2 IGF2BP1/2/3 and HNRNPA2B1, also known as “readers”. Recent studies have shown that m6A RNA modification plays essential role in both physiological and pathological conditions, especially in the initiation and progression of different types of human cancers. In this review, we discuss how m6A RNA methylation influences both the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic, central nervous and reproductive systems. We will mainly focus on recent progress in identifying the biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation, its regulators and downstream target genes, during cancer progression in above systems. We propose that m6A RNA methylation process offer potential targets for cancer therapy in the future.
Viromes outperform total metagenomes in revealing the spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural soil viral communities
Authors: Santos-Medellin Christian , Zinke Laura A , ter Horst Anneliek M , Gelardi Danielle L , Parikh Sanjai J , Emerson Joanne B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Viruses are abundant yet understudied members of soil environments that influence terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Here, we characterized the dsDNA viral diversity in biochar-amended agricultural soils at the preplanting and harvesting stages of a tomato growing season via paired total metagenomes and viral size fraction metagenomes (viromes). Size fractionation prior to DNA extraction reduced sources of nonviral DNA in viromes, enabling the recovery of a vaster richness of viral populations (vOTUs), greater viral taxonomic diversity, broader range of predicted hosts, and better access to the rare virosphere, relative to total metagenomes, which tended to recover only the most persistent and abundant vOTUs. Of 2961 detected vOTUs, 2684 were recovered exclusively from viromes, while only three were recovered from total metagenomes alone. Both viral and microbial communities differed significantly over time, suggesting a coupled response to rhizosphere recruitment processes and/or nitrogen amendments. Viral communities alone were also structured along an 18 m spatial gradient. Overall, our results highlight the utility of soil viromics and reveal similarities between viral and microbial community dynamics throughout the tomato growing season yet suggest a partial decoupling of the processes driving their spatial distributions, potentially due to differences in dispersal, decay rates, and/or sensitivities to soil heterogeneity.
Synergistic epistasis enhances the co-operativity of mutualistic interspecies interactions
Authors: Turkarslan Serdar , Stopnisek Nejc , Thompson Anne W , Arens Christina E , Valenzuela Jacob J , Wilson James , Hunt Kristopher A , Hardwicke Jessica , de Lomana Adrián López García , Lim Sujung , Seah Yee Mey , Fu Ying , Wu Liyou , Zhou Jizhong , Hillesland Kristina L , Stahl David A , Baliga Nitin S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Early evolution of mutualism is characterized by big and predictable adaptive changes, including the specialization of interacting partners, such as through deleterious mutations in genes not required for metabolic cross-feeding. We sought to investigate whether these early mutations improve cooperativity by manifesting in synergistic epistasis between genomes of the mutually interacting species. Specifically, we have characterized evolutionary trajectories of syntrophic interactions of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Dv) with Methanococcus maripaludis (Mm) by longitudinally monitoring mutations accumulated over 1000 generations of nine independently evolved communities with analysis of the genotypic structure of one community down to the single-cell level. We discovered extensive parallelism across communities despite considerable variance in their evolutionary trajectories and the perseverance within many evolution lines of a rare lineage of Dv that retained sulfate-respiration (SR+) capability, which is not required for metabolic cross-feeding. An in-depth investigation revealed that synergistic epistasis across pairings of Dv and Mm genotypes had enhanced cooperativity within SR− and SR+ assemblages, enabling their coexistence within the same community. Thus, our findings demonstrate that cooperativity of a mutualism can improve through synergistic epistasis between genomes of the interacting species, enabling the coexistence of mutualistic assemblages of generalists and their specialized variants.
Comprehensive fault simulation method in active distribution network with the consideration of cyber security
Authors: Sheng Wanxing , Liu Keyan , Liang Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the many characteristics of cyber–physical systems (CPS), including the complex evolution of various dynamic processes in distribution networks (DNs), communication modes and serious network security events have become important issues. From the perspective of DN analysis, traditional electrical digital simulations cannot access current models of communication systems and cyber network security events. The interactions between cyber and physical networks cannot be simulated and analysed simultaneously, which is challenging to the development of CPS simulations of DNs. To evaluate the impact of cyber networks on physical networks, a CPS simulation platform that contains physical, communication and control layers is discussed. Three‐phase short‐circuit fault processing and islanding operation control are simulated by data interactions among three‐layer models that are used to analyse the impact of communication data tampering on fault handling processes. The influence of data tampering on fault processing and the influence of false data injection and data interception on islanding operation control processes are analysed. The simulation results show that the network information security has a large impact on fault protection and islanding operation control, which leads to the expansion of the outage scope and the failure of islanding operation frequency adjustment. This article also provides a simulation basis for the analysis of CPS operation characteristics and the identification and prevention of cyber network security events.
A novel multi‐objective optimization method for the optimization of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Tong Wenming , Wei Haiyang , Li Shiqi , Zheng Jigui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel hybrid multi‐objective optimization method which combines the Taguchi method with multi‐level Kriging model is developed for optimization of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs). This method is capable to sharply reduce the finite element analysis calculations for the given multi‐objective optimization problem compared with the conventional optimization method. The method is applied to maximize the power density and the efficiency of an IPMSM under constraints. After adopting the method in the optimization process, the power density of the IPMSM is significantly improved and the volume of the IPMSM is sharply reduced. And the contrast scheme shows that this method can improve the efficiency while increasing the power density. Besides, a prototype is manufactured to verify the feasibility of this method.
Energy supply reliability assessment of the integrated energy system considering complementary and optimal operation during failure
Authors: Li Zhenkun , Wang Zhifeng , Fu Yang , Zhao Nan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegrated energy system (IES) is an effective solution for energy and environment problems. In view of the difficulty of traditional reliability assessment methods to reasonably and effectively assess the reliability of the IES, an energy supply reliability assessment method based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation is proposed in this study. The optimal operation of the system is realised by mobilising the multi‐energy complementary characteristics during device failure. The reliability of the system under three different operation objectives is compared and analysed. Three new reliability indices are proposed, which take into account the supply of multiple energy loads and the differences among different energy. Finally, through the analysis of energy supply reliability under different objectives, the reasonability of the proposed indices and the flexible scheduling of energy flow under different objectives are verified; therefore, the IES can realise adaptive and targeted operation strategy during device failure. Also, the influence of different device faults on the system's energy supply reliability is ranked, which is of great significance to find the weak parts of the system and provide a reference for the system to improve energy supply reliability.
Capture of a dipolar magnetic field by laser-produced plasma
Authors: Efimov M.A. , Chibranov A.A. , Berezutsky A.G. , Rumenskikh M.S. , Posukh V.G. , Zakharov Yu.P. , Boyarintsev E.L. , Trushin P.A. , Smolina E.V. , Miroshnichenko I.B. , Shaikhislamov I.F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe an experiment on the interaction of a dipolar magnetic field with the laser plasma flow produced inside of a laboratory magnetosphere. This interaction is found to exhibit two dynamic stages: after a prompt displacement of the dipole field by the laser plasma, the magnetic field is captured and carried outside of the magnetosphere. The resultant data confirm the results of previous measurements carried out far beyond the magnetosphere and provide additional information about the new process of capturing the dipolar magnetic field by the internal magnetospheric plasma flow.
Type-II GaAsBi QDs/GaSb for middle-wave and long-wave infrared lasers
Authors: Zhang Zhongyue , Zhang Liyao , Zhang Mingxuan , Yao Shuang , Yu Peng , Li Xiaodan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A GaSb/GaAsBi type-II quantum dot structure is proposed for fabricating middle-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) lasers. The finite element method is employed to investigate the train distributions and band structures of the proposed structures with different Bi contents and QD sizes. It is found that the strain component εxx
decreases with Bi contents and heights, and increases with the diameter, while the component εzz
inversely changes. The charge carriers recombine between the electrons in GaAsBi QDs and the holes in GaSb. The energy of the ground states of electrons of GaAsBi QDs decreases and the emission wavelength increases with the Bi contents and QD sizes. The emission wavelength can cover MWIR and LWIR ranges with proper Bi contents and QD sizes. The proposed structure provides a feasible way to fabricate MWIR and LWIR lasers.
Stability of 10-mg/mL and 50-mg/mL ketamine oral solutions
Authors: Ancedy Dimitri , Sebti Maria , Postaire Martine , Vidal Fabrice , Cisternino Salvatore , Schlatter Joël 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Ketamine is an anesthetic agent commonly used for the induction of anesthesia. Ketamine is also given to control pain, for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, and to induce bronchodilation in refractory asthma. Moreover, ketamine therapy is gaining ground as an intervention for patients with treatment-resistant depression and individuals who have depression with serious suicidal ideation. Recently, the drug has been used to disrupt maladaptive reward memories in individuals with harmful alcohol consumption behaviors. The stability of 10-mg/mL and 50-mg/mL ketamine solutions stored at ambient and refrigeration temperatures was assessed over 90 days.

Methods
Three batches of 10-mg/mL and 50-mg/mL ketamine solutions were stored for 90 days under two temperature conditions (2°C-8°C and 22°C-25°C) in amber plastic bottles. Chemical stability was assessed using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography assay. At each study time, visual inspection and pH assessments of ketamine concentration and pH were conducted.

Results
For all solutions tested at each condition, the ketamine concentration remaining was at least 98% of the initial concentration over 90 days of storage. Throughout the study period, solution pH remained stable and the color and odor of the suspensions remained unchanged.

Conclusion
Extemporaneously compounded 10-mg/mL and 50-mg/mL oral solutions of ketamine prepared in a flavored suspending excipient and stored in amber polypropylene plastic bottles were stable for at least 90 days at both ambient and refrigeration temperatures.
Health-system implementation of a collaborative core curriculum for advanced pharmacy experiential education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Montepara Courtney A , Schoen Rebecca R , Guarascio Anthony J , McConaha Jamie L , Horn Paula J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
A collaborative advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) education model established within a healthcare institution during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is described.

Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a nationwide disruption of APPE pharmacy education. Healthcare institutions faced the challenge of educating APPE students while attempting to simultaneously de-densify work areas and reduce transmission risk for employees and patients. A pharmacist coordinator and pharmacist academic partners at a large teaching hospital created a collaborative common core curriculum model for resourceful implementation of APPE education. Healthcare network pharmacists, clinical pharmacist academic partners, and pharmacy residents delivered the curriculum to 35 pharmacy students over a 9-week time period. Main components of the curriculum included patient case discussions, topic discussions, journal club presentations, live continuing education (CE) webinars, and development of pharmacy technician CE programs. A majority of students reported positive experiences working with a variety of preceptors from different specialties (81%) and collaborating with students from other universities (62%).

Conclusion
A health system can leverage institutional, network-wide, and academic partner resources to implement a collaborative APPE curriculum during challenging times such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Genome size evolution is associated with climate seasonality and glucosinolates, but not life history, soil nutrients or range size, across a clade of mustards
Authors: Cacho N Ivalú , McIntyre Patrick J , Kliebenstein Daniel J , Strauss Sharon Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
We investigate patterns of evolution of genome size across a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of Brassicaceae, in relation to ecological and life history traits. While numerous hypotheses have been put forward regarding autecological and environmental factors that could favour small vs. large genomes, a challenge in understanding genome size evolution in plants is that many hypothesized selective agents are intercorrelated.

Methods
We contribute genome size estimates for 47 species of Streptanthus Nutt. and close relatives, and take advantage of many data collections for this group to assemble data on climate, life history, soil affinity and composition, geographic range and plant secondary chemistry to identify simultaneous correlates of variation in genome size in an evolutionary framework. We assess models of evolution across clades and use phylogenetically informed analyses as well as model selection and information criteria approaches to identify variables that can best explain genome size variation in this clade.

Key Results
We find differences in genome size and heterogeneity in its rate of evolution across subclades of Streptanthus and close relatives. We show that clade-wide genome size is positively associated with climate seasonality and glucosinolate compounds. Model selection and information criteria approaches identify a best model that includes temperature seasonality and fraction of aliphatic glucosinolates, suggesting a possible role for genome size in climatic adaptation or a role for biotic interactions in shaping the evolution of genome size. We find no evidence supporting hypotheses of life history, range size or soil nutrients as forces shaping genome size in this system.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest climate seasonality and biotic interactions as potential forces shaping the evolution of genome size and highlight the importance of evaluating multiple factors in the context of phylogeny to understand the effect of possible selective agents on genome size.
COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma: an oncogene that accelerates the malignant development of tumor cells and predicts poor prognosis
Authors: Sun Liangliang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the roles of COP9 signalosome subunit 8 (COPS8) and its underlying mechanism in cutaneous melanoma. Bioinformatics tools were utilized to analyze the expression of COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma, while Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed to assess the correlation between COPS8 and patients’ overall survival. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were estimated by CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Western blot was used to check the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Results showed that COPS8 was up-regulated and predicted a poor clinical outcome for cutaneous melanoma patients. Knockdown of COPS8 inhibited cutaneous melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of COPS8 resulted in the opposite outcomes. The up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail were caused by silencing COPS8 while their expression showed contrary trends in cells with overexpressed COPS8. Collectively, COPS8 is up-regulated and promotes cutaneous melanoma progression via regulating EMT.
Polymethoxyflavones in orange peel extract prevent skeletal muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise in rats
Authors: Suzuki Toshihide , Shimizu Makoto , Yamauchi Yoshio , Sato Ryuichiro 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) contained in the peel of citrus fruits have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidepressant effects. However, their effects on skeletal muscle are unknown. We investigated whether PMFs could prevent skeletal muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise in rats. Downhill running for 90 min increased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in skeletal muscles, especially in vastus lateralis, and the plasma creatine kinase levels. These increases were attenuated by a single oral administration of orange peel extract (OPE) 30 min before downhill running. A mixture of nobiletin, sinensetin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin, which are the major PMFs of OPE, also showed similar effects on muscle damage. These results suggest that OPE has a protective effect against eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage, and that the effects may be attributed to the 4 major PMFs.
The analytical method to identify the nitrogen source for nitric oxide synthesis
Authors: Nasuno Ryo , Yoshikawa Yuki , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule synthesized from various nitrogen sources. An analytical method to identify a nitrogen source for NO generation was developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in combination with stable isotope labeling. Our method successfully detected the 15N-labeled NO-containing compound generated from 15N-labeled substrate nitrite in vitro and in vivo.