bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Case of a Five‐Branched Aortic Arch Exhibiting a Retroesophageal Right Subclavian Artery and an Accessory Left Vertebral Artery
Authors: Granite Guinevere , Meshida Keiko , Jones Shiloh 
Published: June 2021

Head and neck vascular variations are common in human beings, but often go undetected. They are generally asymptomatic. Awareness of such anatomical variations is clinically important for surgeons and interventional radiologists as they may pose risk for iatrogenic complications or even the potential for unanticipated fatalities.Although aortic arch variations are relatively common in human fetuses, variations of its branches, i.e. the brachiocephalic trunk, the subclavian arteries, the vertebral arteries, and the common carotid arteries, are observed and/or described variably and fairly infrequently during human cadaveric dissection.When aberrant subclavian arteries are described in adults, they frequently involve the right side and are usually retroesophageal. In such cases, the right brachiocephalic trunk is absent. The following four branches of the aortic arch found most commonly then are: a left subclavian artery, an aberrant left vertebral artery, and right and left common carotid arteries. During cadaveric dissection of a 76 year‐old White male, we observed an additional fifth branch: an accessory left vertebral artery. A combination of five such aortic arch vessels in a single individual may be rare.Disclaimer: The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author/speaker and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of Defense, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or any other agency of the U.S. Government.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Tri‐lobed left lung with corresponding additional secondary lobar bronchi: A case report on anatomic variation
Authors: Nguyen Alan Thinh , Tran Deanna , Volin Joshua , Quach Duyen , Koslakiewicz Sarah , Ezeokoli Ekene , Barremkala Malli 
Published: June 2021

Fissures of the lung separate bronchopulmonary segments to form detachment planes for distention upon respiration and localization of pulmonary lesions. Knowledge of variations in lung fissures is necessary for locating lobes of the lung to exactly interpret radiographs, computed tomography scans, and thorough planning of surgical procedures. 24 pairs of lungs obtained from routine dissection of adult formalin fixed cadavers used for first‐year regional anatomy course at Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine were used in this study. There was a total of 12 male and 12 female cadavers with an average age of 82 years. The lungs were observed and photographed for presence or absence of fissures and lobes. We report a case of a tri‐lobed left lung with a complete horizontal fissure inferior to the left root of the lung, and each lobe features its own independent secondary lobar bronchus. The corresponding right lung features normal fissures and lobes. 8 additional right lobes had incomplete accessory fissures measuring <5cm in length with greatest depth of 2cm. 6 additional left lobes had incomplete accessory (4) and horizontal (2) fissures of <4cm in length with greatest depth of 2cm. Collectively, our results demonstrate a lung variation for awareness and for interpretation of radiological images and locating the bronchopulmonary segments in lobectomies, bronchoscopies, and segmental resection.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Circle of Willis Variation: Implications for Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, and Stroke
Authors: Klinkhachorn Penprapa , Kumar Anil , Ruiz Kristina , Umstot Samuel , Ritz Brianna , Nestor Nicholas , Zdilla Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Arterial variations within the Circle of Willis, especially hypoplastic arteries, are linked to intracranial aneurysm, atherosclerosis, and stroke; therefore, the study of Circle of Willis variants are of clinical importance. In a sample of 116 cadavers, the arteries comprising the Circle of Willis were directly observed and assessed for hypoplasia, hyperplasia, aplasia, duplication, triplication, and plexiform structure. A total of 53 different arterial patterns of the Circle of Willis were identified. The most common vascular pattern was one with no noteworthy variation of the arteries, which occurred in 34.48% (40:116) of the sample. The second most common pattern was a right hyperplastic posterior communicating artery, with concomitant right hypoplastic P1 and right hyperplastic P2 vessels which occurred in 3.45% (4:116) of cadavers. The most common variation of an individual artery, regardless of concomitant variations, was a hyperplastic right posterior communicating artery, which occurred in 19.8% (23:116) of the sample. Similarly, a right hyperplastic P2, right hyperplastic posterior communicating artery, left hypoplastic P1, and left hyperplastic posterior communicating artery each occurred in 18.1% (21:116) of cadavers. A duplicated anterior communicating artery was observed in 12.9% (15:116) of cadavers. Aplasia was only observed in the posterior communicating artery (left‐sided: 7.8%; 9:116, right‐sided: 6.0%; 7:116). The results of this study provide a clearer understanding of the variant vascular patterns of the Circle of Willis that create predisposition for aneurysm, atherosclerosis, and stroke.Support or Funding InformationWest Virginia University, Oman Medical College and West Liberty UniversityThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Supernumerary coronary artery. Case report
Authors: Zahoi Delia Elena , Sztika Dorina , Enache Alexandra , Daescu Ecaterina 
Published: June 2021

During the routine dissection of a 60‐year‐old male within our university's Department of Anatomy, we identified a peculiar aspect of the coronary blood supply.The heart is normally supplied by two coronary arteries, however in our case, we identified a supernumerary coronary artery. It arose from the aorta, through a separate ostium, anterior of the right coronary artery's point of origin. This third artery descended diagonally along the anterior surface of the right ventricle. At the heart's apex, it then continued for approximately 2cm along the posterior interventricular sulcus.The right marginal branch took a diagonal descending path to the middle of the posterior interventricular sulcus, close to the terminal point of the third artery. At the same time, the right coronary artery was shortened, and only descended to the first third of the posterior interventricular sulcus.The left coronary artery presented with two branches: the circumflex branch, and a common trunk for the anterior interventricular branch and the left marginal branch. The anterior interventricular branch was shortened, only descending two thirds of the way along the anterior interventricular sulcus. Both it and the left marginal branch were partially covered by myocardial bridges. The circumflex branch terminated near the posterior interventricular sulcus through two ventricular branches.The study and knowledge of coronary variants is critical in identifying potential collateral paths, of which a supernumerary coronary artery is a good example.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Utilizing Inquiry Based eLearning Modules for Pre‐Lecture Content Delivery in a Molecular Biology Course at an Australian University to Facilitate Active Learning in the Lecture Theatre
Authors: Kuit Tracey , Fildes Karen , Treweek Teresa , Moscova Michelle 
Published: June 2021

Currently in many large universities and colleges, the delivery of content in lectures is still largely based on a passive stand and deliver model. This method of lecture delivery means that the lectures are not utilised as a platform for student discussion and deep engagement with key concepts. This could negatively impact student learning and the development of conceptual understanding, especially in content heavy subjects such as biochemistry and molecular biology. Although teaching methods based on how adults learn have been well described, they can be perceived as logistically difficult to apply. With internal university funding, we have developed an alternative model of content delivery through the use of interactive technology for pre‐lecture preparation. The molecular biology in the modules is presented via a medical case, which gives the students a real life context with which to explore key concepts. Formative assessment with immediate feedback is embedded into the modules. The online modules are followed by a face‐to‐face lecture using active inquiry‐based learning, creating space for discussion to build on core concepts previously explored online. Fifty‐two second‐year graduate medical and 291 first‐year molecular biology students were surveyed to evaluate students' perception of the module. A knowledge‐based quiz was also given to the 291 molecular biology students one week after the lecture to assess short‐term knowledge retention. Results show 75–100% of students felt that the module was easy to understand; 60–89% found it engaging and wanted similar modules available across a variety of topics and 60–65% felt well prepared for class. Molecular biology students who did the module and attended the lecture did significantly better on the knowledge quiz compared to students who either attended the lecture or completed the online module alone. Our study supports the notion that the use of interactive online modules to prepare students for active learning lectures creates a transformation from passive to active learning experiences where students are active participants in their own learning.Support or Funding InformationUniversity of Wollongong Educational Strategies Development FundThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
XRT: A reproducible and scalable training system that produces students capable of conducting novel molecular biology research
Authors: Zarrinnegar Hanna , Adams Clay , Penchina Kaitlyn , Alonzo Amanda , Sweeney Robert , De Luke 
Published: June 2021

Many high‐school science education programs do not train students to be independent researchers that make novel contributions to the scientific community, which is arguably the primary goal of a scientist. There are many possible explanations for this paradox. Due to high student/teacher ratios, teachers are unable to give the individualized attention necessary to cultivate a scientist from a student. Class schedule, student motivation, and diverse intellectual support are also huge barriers. As a result, most high‐school programs struggle to establish a system that allows for university and graduate‐level laboratory education of a significant number of students.Here, we report a curriculum that trains students to design, conduct, manage, lead, and present novel research projects, but also a program that is self‐sustaining and scalable. The system produces a three‐tiered system of research students, each with an increasing set of laboratory and troubleshooting, goal‐setting, and project management skills. This management system is scaffolded. It can be completed at different speeds. These teams design projects that are novel and real. Trained teams come together and systematically create projects that can not only sustain themselves and pursue novel intellectual discovery, but also projects that are able to expand and adapt through multiple years and to a changing number of students, independent of staffing.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by The Nueva School.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
“A Day in the Clinical Laboratory!” STEM Outreach with St. Louis High Schools
Authors: Mak Victoria , Le Austin , Tripathi Rohan , Ezekiel Uthayashanker 
Published: June 2021

For the past three years, the Saint Louis University American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SLU ASBMB) student chapter has planned and held “A Day in the Clinical Laboratory.” We selected 20 sophomore and junior students from local St. Louis high schools to learn about and perform different laboratory techniques in order to complete our designed case study. During the day, we had four lab stations that included hematology, urinalysis, blood bank, and chemistry. The laboratory techniques and case study were challenging in order to allow the students to think critically and to ensure interest in the study. The individual labs were all connected, and it showed how different clinical laboratories are done and how there is a need for collaboration between different departments in order to get a diagnosis for patients. Each group of students had 30 minutes at each station to ensure that they had enough time to complete the task and to ask any questions that they had. The students that came had an interest in science or medicine, and this program allowed them to get early exposure to research, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. The event was free of charge and provided them the opportunity to see the importance in research and allowed them to network with different faculty mentors. Parents and teachers were also invited to attend, and student volunteers led a tour of the University campus facilities. High school students and their parents and teachers had the opportunity to speak with Saint Louis University Doisy College of Health Sciences Faculty on college application advising and additional opportunities available to local students interested in a scientific career. The event was run by SLU ASBMB students. At the end of the day, high school students were surveyed anonymously. All students gave positive feedback, and everyone expressed interest in attending another “A Day in the Clinical Laboratory” event.Support or Funding InformationFinancial support was received from the ASBMB Student Chapter Outreach Grant and the Saint Louis University Student Government Association.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Suppression of template switching in postreplication gaps via Uup and RadD proteins
Authors: Thimmesch Sarah Christine , Romero Zachary J , Wood Elizabeth A , Lovett Susan T , Cox Michael M 
Published: June 2021

We are investigating the role of two bacterial proteins, RadD and Uup, in suppressing genomic stability. Uup is a UvrA‐like ABC family ATPase and RadD is a RecQ‐like SF2 family ATPase. Both of these proteins bind to branched DNAs. More specifically, RadD suppresses crossover events in the cell. The proteins resolve branched DNA intermediates that have arisen from template switching in post replication gaps. When a replication fork comes upon a lesion in the DNA, and a gap forms, the cell attempts to fill this gap and repair the DNA. One way of doing this is through template switching, a RecA‐independent process that creates recombination‐like branched DNA intermediates. These are the DNA intermediates at which RadD and Uup function. When genomic repeats exist in the chromosome, template switching sometimes results in mispairing that produces genomic deletions. Under normal growth conditions, with repeats in the chromosome, the deletion of Uup and RadD leads to the generation of chromosomal dimers that are not readily resolved. This experiment brings light to the functions of both proteins and recognizes the importance of genomic stability for cell viability. The results indicate that template switching happens often and that Uup and RadD play important roles in suppressing genomic stability.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Counting R‐loops: A Novel Quantification Method for Nuclear DNA:RNA Hybrids
Authors: Ramirez Prisila S , Ali SK Imran , Ashley Amanda K 
Published: June 2021

R‐loops are three stranded nucleic acid structures that form during transcription; when the nascent strand of RNA invades the replication bubble, hybridizes with the DNA template strand and displaces the non‐template strand. For many years, these DNA:RNA hybrids were thought to only be byproducts of transcription. In recent years, however, it has been shown that R‐loops play many roles in diverse cellular processes, such as immunoglobulin class‐switching recombination, epigenetic regulation, and in DNA replication. R‐loop mis regulation can lead to DNA damage and genomic instability. Additionally, R‐loops have been shown to play a role in several neurodegenerative diseases. Although, our knowledge of R‐loops has grown in the last few years, detection and quantification of R‐loops can still be difficult and inaccurate. Here, we provide a novel method for quantification of nuclear R‐loops based on cellular fractionation and compare it with commonly used R‐loop quantification methods.Support or Funding InformationResearch was funded by HHMI Research Scholars program at NMSU, Cowboys for Cancer Research and the Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM103451.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Development of split Cas6 for inducible dimerization modules
Authors: Vontalge Emma J. , Ling Justin A. , Sashital Dipali G. 
Published: June 2021

Cas6 endoribonucleases are essential for guide RNA biogenesis during CRISPR‐Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐CRISPR associated) immunity, and have exquisite specificity for short structured RNAs that form in the repeating regions of CRISPR transcripts. The Cas6 protein fromThermus thermophilus contains two domains, an N‐terminal domain (NTD) containing the endoribonuclease active site, and an RNA‐binding C‐terminal domain (CTD). The modular nature of this protein makes it a potential platform for molecular scaffolding by splitting the two domains and inducing dimerization through RNA binding. Here we show that the Cas6 NTD and CTD can be split into two separate proteins, and that the domains retain their RNA binding and cleavage activity. Fusion of the domains to the C‐termini of cyan or yellow fluorescent protein (CFP or YFP) enabled measurement of dimerization in the absence or presence of RNA using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in vitro. We find that wild‐type Cas6 NTD and CTD dimerize even in the absence of RNA. However, introduction of mutations in the interface between the two domains disrupts this interaction. The interface mutations do not disrupt RNA binding or cleavage, and addition of RNA restores dimerization of the two domains. In addition, we can measure the amount of dimerization between the two domains in vivo when the domains are expressed from two compatible vectors in Escherichia coli. These results demonstrate that split Cas6 can be developed into a molecular scaffolding platform affecting protein interactions that can be controlled through the addition of RNA.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Downregulation of SP‐R210L Alters the Macrophage Epigenetic Chromatin Landscape Associated with Changes in Transcription Factor Binding
Authors: Yau Eric , Chen Yan , Song Chunhua , Imamura Yuka , Chroneos Zissis 
Published: June 2021

Alveolar macrophages are the first immune cells to come into contact with air‐borne pathogens such as influenza. Previous studies demonstrated that the surfactant protein A (SP‐A) receptor, SP‐R210, also known as MYO18A, regulates the immune functions of macrophages through the action of two isoforms; a long form SP‐R210L(L), and a short form SP‐R210S(S). Stable knockdown of L in RAW264.7 cells (abbreviated as DN) revealed alterations in mRNA expression of innate immune receptors and responsiveness to various inflammatory stimuli. To elucidate the intrinsic functions of the L isoform, the present study addressed the hypothesis that L modulates macrophage gene transcription through epigenetic modification of chromatin. We thus utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP‐seq) to determine the impact of L depletion on histone modification marks H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 and binding of transcription factors PU.1 and NFκB subunit RelA, which regulate macrophage differentiationand inflammatory responses, respectively. Pulled‐down sequences were visualized on the UCSC genome browser to identify the spatial relation between enriched sequences. This analysis showed reduced PU.1 binding at genes associated with macrophage differentiation and intercellular communication between innate and adaptive immune cells, such as interleukin 18 (IL‐18) and colony‐stimulating factor receptors (CSF1R, CSF2RB) in DN cells. Additionally, differences in PU.1 binding were reflected in similar suppression of H3K4me3 marks in DN cells. Further analysis by ChIPpeakAnno and ChIPseeker and ingenuity pathway analysis, however, revealed enrichment in genes that regulate TNFα and interferon (IFN) signaling in DN cells. Collectively, these findings support the idea that the L isoform of SP‐R210 regulates chromatin architecture and accessibility of transcription factors at genes with discrete roles in macrophage differentiation and activation.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by HL128746, The Children's Miracle Network, and the Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of MedicineThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.