bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the forbidden graphene’s ZO (out-of-plane optic) phononic band-analog vibrational modes in fullerenes
Authors: Pedroza-Montero Jesús N. , Garzón Ignacio L. , Sauceda Huziel E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study of nanostructures’ vibrational properties is at the core of nanoscience research. They are known to represent a fingerprint of the system as well as to hint the underlying nature of chemical bonds. In this work, we focus on addressing how the vibrational density of states (VDOS) of the carbon fullerene family (Cn: n = 20 → 720 atoms) evolves from the molecular to the bulk material (graphene) behavior using density functional theory. We find that the fullerene’s VDOS smoothly converges to the graphene characteristic line-shape, with the only noticeable discrepancy in the frequency range of the out-of-plane optic (ZO) phonon band. From a comparison of both systems we obtain as main results that: (1) The pentagonal faces in the fullerenes impede the existence of the analog of the high frequency graphene’s ZO phonons, (2) which in the context of phonons could be interpreted as a compression (by 43%) of the ZO phonon band by decreasing its maximum allowed radial-optic vibration frequency. And 3) as a result, the deviation of fullerene’s VDOS relative to graphene may hold important thermodynamical implications, such as larger heat capacities compared to graphene at room-temperature. These results provide insights that can be extrapolated to other nanostructures containing pentagonal rings or pentagonal defects.
Diagnosing delivery capabilities on a large international nature-based solutions project
Authors: Croeser Thami , Garrard Georgia E. , Thomas Freya M. , Tran Trinh Duc , Mell Ian , Clement Sarah , Sánchez Raúl , Bekessy Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly at the centre of urban strategies to mitigate heatwaves and flooding, improve public health and restore biodiversity. However, on-ground implementation has been slow, inconsistent and often limited to demonstration sites. A broad literature consistently highlights institutional barriers as a major reason for the observed implementation gap. In this study, we developed and deployed an assessment tool to identify barriers to NBS delivery on a European Commission Horizon 2020 project spanning seven cities. We found that practitioners were effectively navigating challenges in the areas where they had significant control, including community engagement, strategy development and technical skills. The greatest barriers were outside the influence of project teams: understaffing, a lack of intra-organisational processes, and risk-averse organisational cultures. These findings emphasise that after cities embrace NBS at the strategic and political level, it is vital that executives follow through with the necessary pragmatic reforms to enable delivery.
Madden-Julian oscillation winds excite an intraseasonal see-saw of ocean mass that affects Earth’s polar motion
Authors: Afroosa M. , Rohith B. , Paul Arya , Durand Fabien , Bourdallé-Badie Romain , Sreedevi P. V. , de Viron Olivier , Ballu Valérie , Shenoi S. S. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStrong large-scale winds can relay their energy to the ocean bottom and elicit an almost immediate intraseasonal barotropic (depth independent) response in the ocean. The intense winds associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation over the Maritime Continent generate significant intraseasonal basin-wide barotropic sea level variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. Here we show, using a numerical model and a network of in-situ bottom pressure recorders, that the concerted barotropic response of the Indian and the Pacific Ocean to these winds leads to an intraseasonal see-saw of oceanic mass in the Indo-Pacific basin. This global-scale mass shift is unexpectedly fast, as we show that the mass field of the entire Indo-Pacific basin is dynamically adjusted to Madden-Julian Oscillation in a few days. We find this large-scale ocean see-saw, induced by the Madden-Julian Oscillation, has a detectable influence on the Earth’s polar axis motion, in particular during the strong see-saw of early 2013.
The economic value of targeting aging
Authors: Scott Andrew J. , Ellison Martin , Sinclair David A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDevelopments in life expectancy and the growing emphasis on biological and ‘healthy’ aging raise a number of important questions for health scientists and economists alike. Is it preferable to make lives healthier by compressing morbidity, or longer by extending life? What are the gains from targeting aging itself compared to efforts to eradicate specific diseases? Here we analyze existing data to evaluate the economic value of increases in life expectancy, improvements in health and treatments that target aging. We show that a compression of morbidity that improves health is more valuable than further increases in life expectancy, and that targeting aging offers potentially larger economic gains than eradicating individual diseases. We show that a slowdown in aging that increases life expectancy by 1 year is worth US$38 trillion, and by 10 years, US$367 trillion. Ultimately, the more progress that is made in improving how we age, the greater the value of further improvements.
Warming and eutrophication interactively drive changes in the methane-oxidizing community of shallow lakes
Authors: Nijman Thomas P A , Davidson Thomas A , Weideveld Stefan T J , Audet Joachim , Esposito Chiara , Levi Eti E , Ho Adrian , Lamers Leon P M , Jeppesen Erik , Veraart Annelies J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are the largest natural source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4), with shallow lakes a particular hot spot. Eutrophication and warming generally increase lake CH4 emissions but their impacts on the sole biological methane sink—methane oxidation—and methane-oxidizer community dynamics are poorly understood. We used the world’s longest-running freshwater climate-change mesocosm experiment to determine how methane-oxidizing bacterial (MOB) abundance and composition, and methane oxidation potential in the sediment respond to eutrophication, short-term nitrogen addition and warming. After nitrogen addition, MOB abundance and methane oxidation potential increased, while warming increased MOB abundance without altering methane oxidation potential. MOB community composition was driven by both temperature and nutrient availability. Eutrophication increased relative abundance of type I MOB Methyloparacoccus. Warming favoured type II MOB Methylocystis over type I MOB Methylomonadaceae, shifting the MOB community from type I dominance to type I and II co-dominance, thereby altering MOB community traits involved in growth and stress-responses. This shift to slower-growing MOB may explain why higher MOB abundance in warmed mesocosms did not coincide with higher methane oxidation potential. Overall, we show that eutrophication and warming differentially change the MOB community, resulting in an altered ability to mitigate CH4 emissions from shallow lakes.
All solution-processed silver nanowires composite silica nanospheres antireflection structure with synergetic optoelectronic performance
Authors: Tang Yuxin , Yin Wanying , Huang Yue , Zhang Ganghua , Zhao Qingbiao , Li Dezeng 
Published: July 2021

The silver nanowires/SNSs AR composite TCFs have demonstrated the synergetic effect on optoelectronic performance via a facile solution method, reaching sheet resistance of 49.43 Ω sq−1 dropped by 8.66% and transmittance of 99.84% increased by 6.94%.
Grid impact and power quality assessment of wave energy parks: Different layouts and power penetrations using energy storage
Authors: Parwal Arvind , Hjalmarsson Johannes , Potapenko Tatiana , Anttila Sara , Leijon Jennifer , Kelly James , Temiz Irina , de Oliveira Janaina Goncalves , Boström Cecilia , Leijon Mats 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPower fluctuations induced by wave energy converters (WECs) may reflect negative impact on the power quality of the power grid. Assessing their impact is an important step to ensure the grid compliance level of the energy park. The IEC 61000‐4‐15 standard classifies the allowable disturbances in the grid. This study analysed and assessed the grid impact in terms of flicker, harmonic distortion and voltage variations. The assessments were performed without energy storage and compared when using the energy storage. A single WEC is emulated as an irregular power output of a real WEC using a combined model of power take‐off in the Simulink model. Time series based on data obtained in earlier offshore experiments, conducted at the Lysekil research site in Sweden, is used to emulate a wave energy park (WEP) power in a land‐based test rig in real‐time power hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulations. A total of three and ten WECs are emulated by introducing a time delay in the time series to investigate the grid impact in each layout. Flicker emissions, voltage variations, individual and total harmonics of the voltage at the connection point in each layout are studied and compared with the limits to be grid compliant for layouts of the WEP. In addition, voltage and current harmonics for the single WEC and individual harmonics in each phase of the voltage are measured and analysed to assess the compliance level of the WEP.
Performance optimization of task intensive real‐time applications on multicore ECUs—A hybrid scheduler
Authors: Mishra Geetishree , Hegde Rajeshwari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the current approach of automotive electronic system design, the multicore processors have prevailed to achieve high computing performance at low thermal dissipation. Multicore processors offer functional parallelism that helps in meeting the safety critical requirements of vehicles. The number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in high‐end cars could be reduced by conglomerating more functions into a multicore ECU. AUTOSAR stack has been designed to support the applications developed for multicore ECUs. The real challenges lie in adapting new design methods while developing sophisticated applications with multicore constraints. It is imperative to utilize the most of multicore computational capability towards enhancing the overall performance of ECUs. In this context, the scheduling of the real‐time multitasking software components by the operating system is one of the challenging issues to be addressed. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art scheduling algorithm is reviewed and its merits and limitations are identified. A hybrid scheduler has been proposed, tested and compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm that offers better performance in terms of CPU utilization, average response time and deadline missing rate both in normal and high load conditions.
Chemulator: Fast, accurate thermochemistry for dynamical models through emulation
Authors: Holdship J. , Viti S. , Haworth T. J. , Ilee J. D. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Chemical modelling serves two purposes in dynamical models: accounting for the effect of microphysics on the dynamics and providing observable signatures. Ideally, the former must be done as part of the hydrodynamic simulation but this comes with a prohibitive computational cost that leads to many simplifications being used in practice.
Aims. We aim to produce a statistical emulator that replicates a full chemical model capable of solving the temperature and abundances of a gas through time. This emulator should suffer only a minor loss of accuracy when compared to a full chemical solver and would have a fraction of the computational cost allowing it to be included in a dynamical model.
Methods. The gas-grain chemical code UCLCHEM was updated to include heating and cooling processes, and a large dataset of model outputs from possible starting conditions was produced. A neural network was then trained to map directly from inputs to outputs.
Results. Chemulator replicates the outputs of UCLCHEM with an overall mean squared error (MSE) of 1.7 × 10−4 for a single time step of 1000 yr, and it is shown to be stable over 1000 iterations with an MSE of 3 × 10−3 on the log-scaled temperature after one timzze step and 6 × 10−3 after 1000 time steps. Chemulator was found to be approximately 50 000 times faster than the time-dependent model it emulates but can introduce a significant error to some models.
First detection of a disk free of volatile elements around a young A-type star: A possible sign of collisions between rocky planets
Authors: van den Ancker M. E. , Gentile Fusillo N. P. , Haworth T. J. , Manara C. F. , Miles-Páez P. A. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Panić O. , Petit dit de la Roche D. J. M. , Petr-Gotzens M. G. , Vioque M. 
Published: July 2021

Aims. We present the first detailed analysis of the astrophysical parameters of the poorly studied Sco-Cen member HD 152384 and its circumstellar environment.
Methods. We analyse newly obtained optical-near-IR X-shooter spectra, as well as archival TESS data, of HD 152384. In addition, we use literature photometric data to construct a detailed spectral energy distribution (SED) of the star.
Results. The photospheric absorption lines in the spectrum of HD 152384 are characteristic of an A0 V star, for which we derive a stellar mass of 2.1 ± 0.1 M⊙ and a stellar age > 4.5 Myr. Superimposed on the photospheric absorption, the optical spectrum also displays double-peaked emission lines of Ca II, Fe I, Mg I, and Si I, typical of circumstellar disks. Notably, all hydrogen and helium lines appear strictly in absorption. A toy model shows that the observed emission line profiles can be reproduced by emission from a compact (radius < 0.3 au) disk seen at an inclination of ∼24°. Further evidence for the presence of circumstellar material comes from the detection of a moderate IR excess in the SED, similar to those found in extreme debris disk systems.
Conclusions. We conclude that HD 152384 is surrounded by a tenuous circumstellar disk that, although rich in refractory elements, is highly depleted of volatile elements. To the best of our knowledge, such a disk is unique among young stars. However, it is reminiscent of the disks seen in some white dwarfs, which have been attributed to the disruption of rocky planets. We suggest that the disk around HD 152384 may have a similar origin and may be due to collisions in a newly formed planetary system.
A high pitch angle structure in the Sagittarius Arm
Authors: Kuhn M. A. , Benjamin R. A. , Zucker C. , Krone-Martins A. , de Souza R. S. , Castro-Ginard A. , Ishida E. E. O. , Povich M. S. , Hillenbrand L. A. 
Published: July 2021

Context. In spiral galaxies, star formation tends to trace features of the spiral pattern, including arms, spurs, feathers, and branches. However, in our own Milky Way, it has been challenging to connect individual star-forming regions to their larger Galactic environment owing to our perspective from within the disk. One feature in nearly all modern models of the Milky Way is the Sagittarius Arm, located inward of the Sun with a pitch angle of ∼12°.
Aims. We map the 3D locations and velocities of star-forming regions in a segment of the Sagittarius Arm using young stellar objects (YSOs) from the Spitzer/IRAC Candidate YSO (SPICY) catalog to compare their distribution to models of the arm.
Methods. Distances and velocities for these objects are derived from Gaia EDR3 astrometry and molecular line surveys. We infer parallaxes and proper motions for spatially clustered groups of YSOs and estimate their radial velocities from the velocities of spatially associated molecular clouds.
Results. We identify 25 star-forming regions in the Galactic longitude range ℓ ∼ 4.​ ° 0–18.​ ° 5 arranged in a narrow, ∼1 kpc long linear structure with a high pitch angle of ψ = 56° and a high aspect ratio of ∼7:1. This structure includes massive star-forming regions such as M8, M16, M17, and M20. The motions in the structure are remarkably coherent, with velocities in the direction of Galactic rotation of |Vφ|≈240 ± 3 km s−1 (slightly higher than average) and slight drifts inward (VR ≈ −4.3 km s−1) and in the negative Z direction (VZ ≈ −2.9 km s−1). The rotational shear experienced by the structure is ΔΩ = 4.6 km s−1 kpc−1.
Conclusions. The observed 56° pitch angle is remarkably high for a segment of the Sagittarius Arm. We discuss possible interpretations of this feature as a substructure within the lower pitch angle Sagittarius Arm, as a spur, or as an isolated structure.
Optimization of usage of the multimedia equipment
Authors: Zelenin A.N. , Jusupov M.L. 
Published: July 2021

The occupations spent by means of the big screen, become more and more widespread way of training. On faculty of maintenance of transport and technological computers of faculty of transport-technological computers and tools of the Ural state agrarian university since 1996 the multimedia complex takes root into training. From the last developments it is possible to note:
*creation of a computer class of simulators-simulators of agricultural processes;
*development and implantation of interactive posters;
*development and implantation 3D computer models.
By preparation of bachelors in a direction «Agroengeniring» under the profile: «Technical systems in agrobusiness» at teaching discipline "Agricultural computers" for students 3 courses are applied the multimedia.
„Gewebehandling“ in der Thoraxchirurgie – Ergebnisse einer Delphi-Konsensuskonferenz der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Ried Michael , Kraus Dietmar , Kluge Jörg , Leschber Gunda 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziel dieser Arbeitsgruppe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) war die Erarbeitung eines Expertenkonsensus basierend auf dem Delphi-Verfahren zur Definition von „Gewebehandling“ (Behandlung von und Umgang mit Geweben) und Darstellung des intraoperativen Umgangs mit bestimmten anatomischen Strukturen bei thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen.
Material und Methoden Eingeladene Experten (Fachärzte für Thoraxchirurgie; n = 93) bearbeiteten 2 aufeinanderfolgende elektronische Delphi-Fragerunden zu 4 Schwerpunkten: Durchtrennung von Lungenparenchym, Präparation/Durchtrennung von Lungengefäßen, Angioplastik/Gefäßanastomosen und Bronchusabsetzung/-plastik/-anastomose. Als Konsens wurde eine Übereinstimmung in ≥ 75% festgelegt. Bei der anschließenden Expertenkonferenz wurden die Ergebnisse der Delphi-Umfragen diskutiert und mittels TED-Abstimmung versucht, Konsens zu erzielen.
Ergebnisse In der 1. Fragerunde wurden jeweils 66 (71%) und in der 2. Fragerunde jeweils 33 (35%) Antworten gegeben. Strittige Fragen wurden durch eine finale Abstimmung bei der Expertenkonferenz (54 Teilnehmer; im Durchschnitt 55% Beteiligung) erneut diskutiert. Die Definition des Begriffs „Gewebehandling“ beinhaltet alle Verfahren zur Präparation, Durchtrennung, Versiegelung und Rekonstruktion von verschiedenen körpereigenen Geweben im Rahmen von thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen (100% Konsens). Ebenso wurde der Begriff der „angioplastischen Erweiterung“ mit einem Konsens von 97% definiert. Ein Konsens wurde zudem bei der Technik zur Durchtrennung des Lungenparenchyms mittels Klammernahtgeräten, der erforderlichen Deckung von Anastomosen und des Bronchusstumpfes, insbesondere nach einer Vorbehandlung, erreicht (> 75%).
Schlussfolgerung Dieser Expertenkonsens definiert erstmalig den Begriff des Gewebehandlings in der Thoraxchirurgie. Des Weiteren führte dieser Delphi-Prozess zu einer umfassenden aktuellen Bestandsaufnahme unterschiedlicher intraoperativer Vorgehensweisen in der deutschen Thoraxchirurgie mit daraus abgeleiteten konsentierten Empfehlungen für das Gewebehandling an Lungenparenchym, -gefäßen und Bronchialstrukturen.
History, Variations, and Extensions of the Retrosigmoid Approach: Anatomical and Literature Review
Authors: Basma Jaafar , Anagnostopoulos Christos , Tudose Andrei , Harty Mikhail , Michael L. Madison , Teo Mario , Porter David G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe retrosigmoid approach is the workhorse for posterior fossa surgery. It gives a versatile corridor to tackle different types of lesions in and around the cerebellopontine angle. The term “extended” has been used interchangeably in the literature, sometimes creating confusion. Our aim was to present a thorough analysis of the approach, its history, and its potential extensions. Releasing cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid spaces and meticulous microsurgical techniques allowed for the emergence of the retrosigmoid approach as a unilateral variation of the traditional suboccipital approach. Anatomical landmarks are helpful in localizing the venous sinuses and planning the craniotomy, and Rhoton's rule of three is the key to unlock difficult neurovascular relationships. Extensions of the approach include, among others, the transmastoid, supracerebellar, far-lateral, jugular foramen, and perimeatal approaches. The retrosigmoid approach applies to a broad range of pathologies and, with its extensions, can provide adequate exposure, obviating the need for extensive and complicated approaches.
Impacts of Neonatal Hospitalization on Families during the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Vance Ashlee J. , Malin Kathryn J. , Chen Bingxin , Shuman Clayton J. , Moore Tiffany A. 
Published: July 2021

Objective Limited data are available regarding family and financial well-being among parents whose infants were hospitalized during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The study objective was to evaluate the family and financial well-being of parents whose infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during COVID-19.
Study Design Parents were recruited for this online, cross-sectional survey via support groups on social media. Data collection was completed between May 18, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The final sample consisted of 178 parents, who had an infant hospitalized in an NICU between February 1, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The primary outcomes were impact on family life and financial stability, as measured by the Impact on Family scale, an instrument that evaluates changes to family life as a result of infant or childhood illness.
Results Of the 178 parent respondents, 173 (97%) were mothers, 107 (59.4%) were non-Hispanic White, and 127 (69.5%) of the infants were born prematurely. Parents reported significant family impact and greater financial difficulty. Extremely premature infants, lower household income, parent mental health, and lower parental confidence were predictive of greater impacts on family life.
Conclusion Parents reported significant family and financial impacts during their infant's hospitalization amid COVID-19. Further studies are needed to guide clinical practice and inform family-supportive resources that can mitigate consequences to family well-being.
Key Points