bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pressure on Grain‐Growth Kinetics in Olivine Aggregates With Some Geophysical Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhongtian , Karato Shun‐Ichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of pressure on grain‐growth kinetics of olivine was investigated up to 10 GPa at 1773 K under relatively water‐poor conditions. The results are interpreted using a relation to obtain the activation volume = 5.0 ± 1.1 cm3/mol for n = 2 or = 5.2 ± 1.1 cm3/mol for n = 3. The small activation volume means that grain‐growth kinetics in pure olivine aggregates is fast even in the dry deep upper mantle, implying that grain‐size is controlled by the pinning by other phases or by dynamic recrystallization except for the early stage after the phase transformation from wadsleyite in upwelling materials. The present results are applied to seismic wave attenuation that is likely controlled by grain‐boundary processes. The inferred peak in attenuation just below the oceanic lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary from the NoMelt array is difficult to be explained by the pressure effects assuming the absorption band behavior because such a model requires a much larger activation volume than determined in this work and it also fails to explain high attenuation in the deep asthenosphere. This suggests that either melt accumulation or other processes such as elastically accommodated grain‐boundary sliding (EAGBS) is responsible for the peak in attenuation. The present results are also applied to EAGBS. We suggest that the deep upper mantle is likely to be relaxed by EAGBS, which implies that the shear velocity of the deep upper mantle can be several percent smaller than that inferred from single crystal elasticity.
Effect of the Initial Vortex Vertical Structure on Early Development of an Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Peng Ke , Fang Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the nonhydrostatic axisymmetric cloud‐resolving model CM1, two sets of ensemble runs are conducted to study the influence of initial vortex depth on the early development of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC). It is found that with the shallow initial vortex, the intensification rate (IR) is smaller and the TC takes a longer time to reach a state of slantwise moist neutrality. These behaviors are primarily ascribed to the less active convection in the shallow case. In contrast to the deep initial vortex, the shallow initial vortex is characterized by a more stable stratification in the lower troposphere and a smaller gradient of angular momentum (M) in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere. The former tends to hinder the occurrence of deep convection in the TC while the latter makes it difficult to intensify the mid‐to‐upper level vortex and to establish a deep vortex. Thus, deep convection bursts intermittently in the early developing stage of the TC originating from the shallow vortex. During the periods of inactive convection, the TC weakens by the decline of M source associated with reduced horizontal advection, which is overwhelmed by sinks of M from moderately decreased vertical advection and nearly‐constant dissipation term. Therefore, the IR of the TC is smaller in the early developing stage and the development of TC from the shallow vortex usually needs a longer time to build the steady deep secondary circulation favorable for more rapid intensification.
Incision History of the Three Gorges, Yangtze River Constrained From Inversion of River Profiles and Low‐Temperature Thermochronological Data
Authors: Jiao Ruohong , Yang Rong , Yuan Xiaoping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe reconstruct the incision history of bedrock rivers based on inverse modeling of the long profile of a river channel and the low‐temperature thermochronological data. Our approach first infers an erodibility‐dependent incision history through a linear inversion of the channel elevations of the river. Then to calibrate the reconstructed incision history in the geological timescale, we constrain the erosional efficiency by optimizing the erosion process of the river catchment using a Bayesian analysis, such that the exhumation and cooling paths of bedrocks in the catchment conform to the observed thermochronological ages. We apply this approach to estimate the incision history of the Three Gorges, Yangtze River in East Asia. We modeled the incision histories of three tributaries on the mainstem Yangtze River near the eastern end of the Three Gorges area, assuming that the gorge incision was driven by increased upstream drainage area of the Upper Yangtze (Scenario 1) or local tectonic uplift (Scenario 2). The results of both scenarios suggest an early Miocene onset of the incision of Three Gorges, that is, 18 ± 6 Ma or 21 ± 4 Ma, respectively. During the Pliocene, our models suggest a significant decrease in the gorge incision rate. By comparing the estimated gorge incision history to the late Cenozoic denudation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the regional climate change, we suggest that the incision of the Three Gorges has been heavily affected by the development of the Upper Yangtze River and the East Asian monsoon.
Unified Model of Sediment Transport Threshold and Rate Across Weak and Intense Subaqueous Bedload, Windblown Sand, and Windblown Snow
Authors: Pähtz Thomas , Liu Yonghui , Xia Yuezhang , Hu Peng , He Zhiguo , Tholen Katharina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNonsuspended sediment transport (NST) refers to the sediment transport regime in which the flow turbulence is unable to support the weight of transported grains. It occurs in fluvial environments (i.e., driven by a stream of liquid) and in aeolian environments (i.e., wind‐blown) and plays a key role in shaping sedimentary landscapes of planetary bodies. NST is a highly fluctuating physical process because of turbulence, surface inhomogeneities, and variations of grain size and shape and packing geometry. Furthermore, the energy of transported grains varies strongly due to variations of their flow exposure duration since their entrainment from the bed. In spite of such variability, we here propose a deterministic model that represents the entire grain motion, including grains that roll and/or slide along the bed, by a periodic saltation motion with rebound laws that describe an average rebound of a grain after colliding with the bed. The model simultaneously captures laboratory and field measurements and discrete element method (DEM)‐based numerical simulations of the threshold and rate of equilibrium NST within a factor of about 2, unifying weak and intense transport conditions in oil, water, and air (oil only for threshold). The model parameters have not been adjusted to these measurements but determined from independent data sets. Recent DEM‐based numerical simulations (Comola, Gaume, et al., 2019; https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082195) suggest that equilibrium aeolian NST on Earth is insensitive to the strength of cohesive bonds between bed grains. Consistently, the model captures cohesive windblown sand and windblown snow conditions despite not explicitly accounting for cohesion.
Impact of the Propagation Model on the Capacity in Small‐Cell Networks: Comparison Between the UHF/SHF and the Millimeter Wavebands
Authors: Teixeira Emanuel , Sousa Sofia , Velez Fernando J. , Peha Jon M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work shows how both frequency and the election of path loss model affect estimated spectral efficiency. Six different frequency bands are considered, ranging from 2.6 GHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band to 73 GHz in the millimeter wave bands (mmWaves), using both single‐slope and two‐slope path‐loss models. We start by comparing four urban path loss models for UHF: the urban/vehicular and pedestrian test environment from the ITU‐R M. 1255 Report, which includes the two‐slope urban micro line‐of‐sight (LoS) and NLoS, from the ITU‐R 2135 Report. Then, we consider mmWaves taking into consideration the modified Friis propagation model, followed by an analysis of the throughput for the 2.6, 3.5, 28, 38, 60, and 73 GHz frequency bands. We have found that the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio, as estimated with the more realistic two‐slope model, is lower for devices that are within the break‐point of the transmitter, which is a small distance in the UHF/SHF band. As a result, spectral efficiency is higher with mmWaves than with UHF/SHF spectrum when cell radius is under 40 m but not when cells are larger. Consequently, mmWaves spectrum will be more valuable as cells get small. We also find that capacity as estimated with the two‐slope model is considerably smaller than one would obtain with the one‐slope model when cells are small but there is little difference in the models when cells are larger. Thus, as cells get smaller, the use of one‐slope models may underestimate the number of cells that must be deployed.
Upper Mantle Heterogeneity and Radial Anisotropy Beneath the Western Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhao Dapeng , Zhao Junmeng , Li Yunyue Elita , Liu Hongbing , Ding Min , Jiang Yong , Xu Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractP‐wave radial anisotropy (RAN) tomography of the upper mantle beneath the western Tibetan Plateau is determined using teleseismic arrival time data recorded at 71 temporal seismic stations of the ANTILOPE‐I and Y2 arrays, which reveals a complex deformation pattern in the upper mantle. A high‐velocity anomaly with prominent positive RAN is visible to the south of 31°N, which may reflect the underthrusting Indian lithospheric mantle (ILM). Further north, another high‐velocity zone appears at depths >200 km, which is possibly related to the foundering ILM, or the northward advancing ILM affected by previously attached Tethyan oceanic slab. Considering the continuity of the high‐velocity zones and similarity of the RAN anomalies, we suggest that there is no slab tearing or breakoff at present beneath western Tibet. To the north of 31°N, E‐W trending variations of velocity and RAN at shallow depths (<150 km) suggest that small‐scale convection occurs between 79°E and 81°E, whereas the residue of the Eurasian lithospheric mantle is located in the eastern side. We deem that the formation of the Ya‐Re Rift and Puran Graben was caused by variations of the lithospheric thickness instead of slab tearing or asthenospheric upwelling, considering locations of the rift and the graben and our present results.
Thalamocortical connectivity is associated with autism symptoms in high-functioning adults with autism and typically developing adults
Authors: Ayub Rafi , Sun Kevin L. , Flores Ryan E. , Lam Vicky T. , Jo Booil , Saggar Manish , Fung Lawrence K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlterations in sensorimotor functions are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Such aberrations suggest the involvement of the thalamus due to its key role in modulating sensorimotor signaling in the cortex. Although previous research has linked atypical thalamocortical connectivity with ASD, investigations of this association in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) are lacking. Here, for the first time, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity of the thalamus, medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and its association with symptom severity in two matched cohorts of HFASD. The principal cohort consisted of 23 HFASD (mean[SD] 27.1[8.9] years, 39.1% female) and 20 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls (25.1[7.2] years, 30.0% female). The secondary cohort was a subset of the ABIDE database consisting of 58 HFASD (25.4[7.8] years, 37.9% female) and 51 typically developing controls (24.4[6.7] years, 39.2% female). Using seed-based connectivity analysis, between-group differences were revealed as hyperconnectivity in HFASD in the principal cohort between the right thalamus and bilateral precentral/postcentral gyri and between the right thalamus and the right superior parietal lobule. The former was associated with autism-spectrum quotient in a sex-specific manner, and was further validated in the secondary ABIDE cohort. Altogether, we present converging evidence for thalamocortical hyperconnectivity in HFASD that is associated with symptom severity. Our results fill an important knowledge gap regarding atypical thalamocortical connectivity in HFASD, previously only reported in younger cohorts.
Circulating tumor DNA dynamics in advanced breast cancer treated with CDK4/6 inhibition and endocrine therapy
Authors: Martínez-Sáez Olga , Pascual Tomás , Brasó-Maristany Fara , Chic Nuria , González-Farré Blanca , Sanfeliu Esther , Rodríguez Adela , Martínez Débora , Galván Patricia , Rodríguez Anna Belén , Schettini Francesco , Conte Benedetta , Vidal Maria , Adamo Barbara , Martínez Antoni , Muñoz Montserrat , Moreno Reinaldo , Villagrasa Patricia , Salvador Fernando , Ciruelos Eva M. , Faull Iris , Odegaard Justin I. , Prat Aleix 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels may predict response to anticancer drugs, including CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy combinations (CDK4/6i+ET); however, critical questions remain unanswered such as which assay or statistical method to use. Here, we obtained paired plasma samples at baseline and week 4 in 45 consecutive patients with advanced breast cancer treated with CDK4/6i+ET. ctDNA was detected in 96% of cases using the 74-gene Guardant360 assay. A variant allele fraction ratio (VAFR) was calculated for each of the 79 detected mutations between both timepoints. Mean of all VAFRs (mVAFR) was computed for each patient. In our dataset, mVAFR was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Baseline VAF, on-treatment VAF or absolute changes in VAF were not associated with PFS, nor were CA-15.3 levels at baseline, week 4 or the CA-15.3 ratio. These findings demonstrate that ctDNA dynamics using a standardized multi-gene panel and a unique methodological approach predicts treatment outcome. Clinical trials in patients with an unfavorable ctDNA response are needed.
Building schematic of Vienna in the late 1920s
Authors: Kral Ulrich , Reimer Ferdinand , Tuz Havvanur , Hengl Ingeborg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrban archives provide rich information on historical data. To a large extent, these data are not available in machine-readable format and therefore not linkable with other datasets. The “Häuser-Kataster der Bundeshauptstadt Wien” is a building schematic for the city of Vienna for the end of the 1920s. While this schematic was used as a knowledge base for real estate and finance business about 100 years ago, it has been used in the 2000s to manually map the historic building periods by property. We use the analog version and produced a machine-readable version to assign the historic addresses, building periods and number of floors to a building stock model down the road. The dataset has been complemented with codes of cadastral communities from the late 2010s to enable geotagging of the historic building data. To avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts by others and to share the dataset with urban historians and the public, we provide the dataset under creative common license.
An evaluation of multi-excitation-wavelength standing-wave fluorescence microscopy (TartanSW) to improve sampling density in studies of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton
Authors: Schniete Jana K. , Tinning Peter W. , Scrimgeour Ross C. , Robb Gillian , Kölln Lisa S. , Wesencraft Katrina , Paul Nikki R. , Bushell Trevor J. , McConnell Gail 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConventional standing-wave (SW) fluorescence microscopy uses a single wavelength to excite fluorescence from the specimen, which is normally placed in contact with a first surface reflector. The resulting excitation SW creates a pattern of illumination with anti-nodal maxima at multiple evenly-spaced planes perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope. These maxima are approximately 90 nm thick and spaced 180 nm apart. Where the planes intersect fluorescent structures, emission occurs, but between the planes are non-illuminated regions which are not sampled for fluorescence. We evaluate a multi-excitation-wavelength SW fluorescence microscopy (which we call TartanSW) as a method for increasing the density of sampling by using SWs with different axial periodicities, to resolve more of the overall cell structure. The TartanSW method increased the sampling density from 50 to 98% over seven anti-nodal planes, with no notable change in axial or lateral resolution compared to single-excitation-wavelength SW microscopy. We demonstrate the method with images of the membrane and cytoskeleton of living and fixed cells.
Analysis of Fox genes in Schmidtea mediterranea reveals new families and a conserved role of Smed-foxO in controlling cell death
Authors: Pascual-Carreras Eudald , Herrera-Úbeda Carlos , Rosselló Maria , Coronel-Córdoba Pablo , Garcia-Fernàndez Jordi , Saló Emili , Adell Teresa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe forkhead box (Fox) genes encode transcription factors that control several key aspects of development. Present in the ancestor of all eukaryotes, Fox genes underwent several duplications followed by loss and diversification events that gave rise to the current 25 families. However, few Fox members have been identified from the Lophotrochozoa clade, and specifically from planarians, which are a unique model for understanding development, due to the striking plasticity of the adult. The aim of this study was to identify and perform evolutionary and functional studies of the Fox genes of lophotrochozoan species and, specifically, of the planarianSchmidtea mediterranea. Generating a pipeline for identifying Forkhead domains and using phylogenetics allowed us the phylogenetic reconstruction of Fox genes. We corrected the annotation for misannotated genes and uncovered a new family, the QD, present in all metazoans. According to the new phylogeny, the 27 Fox genes found inSchmidtea mediterraneawere classified into 12 families. In Platyhelminthes, family losses were accompanied by extensive gene diversification and the appearance of specific families, the A(P) and N(P). Among the newly identified planarian Fox genes, we found a single copy offoxO,which shows an evolutionary conserved role in controlling cell death.
Perceived stress as mediator for longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on wellbeing of parents and children
Authors: Achterberg Michelle , Dobbelaar Simone , Boer Olga D. , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDealing with a COVID-19 lockdown may have negative effects on children, but at the same time might facilitate parent–child bonding. Perceived stress may influence the direction of these effects. Using a longitudinal twin design, we investigated how perceived stress influenced lockdown induced changes in wellbeing of parents and children. A total of 106 parents and 151 children (10–13-year-olds) filled in questionnaires during lockdown and data were combined with data of previous years. We report a significant increase in parental negative feelings (anxiety, depression, hostility and interpersonal sensitivity). Longitudinal child measures showed a gradual decrease in internalizing and externalizing behavior, which seemed decelerated by the COVID-19 lockdown. Changes in parental negative feelings and children’s externalizing behavior were mediated by perceived stress: higher scores prior to the lockdown were related to more stress during the lockdown, which in turn was associated with an increase in parental negative feelings and children’s’ externalizing behavior. Perceived stress in parents and children was associated with negative coping strategies. Additionally, children’s stress levels were influenced by prior and current parental overreactivity. These results suggest that children in families with negative coping strategies and (a history of) parental overreactivity might be at risk for negative consequences of the lockdown.
Clinical implications of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors for development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kim Kwang Min , Roh Ji-Hye , Lee Sangjin , Yoon Jeong-Hyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic efficacy of RAS inhibitors (RASi) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because they may reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and enhanced fibrosis. An objective of this study was to investigate the role of RASi on NAFLD development and progression in a large cohort. We conducted a nested case–control study. Study subjects were classified into two study cohorts according to baseline NAFLD status: non-NAFLD (n = 184,581) and established NALFD (n = 27,565). An NAFLD development or progression case was defined as a patient with newly developed NAFLD or new progression of advanced fibrosis from non-NAFLD and established NALFD cohorts, respectively. A conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the associations between RASi exposure and NAFLD development/progression. Overall, no significant association was evident between RASi use and NAFLD development or progression (NAFLD development; ever-user vs. never-user: OR 1.017; 95% CI 0.842–1.230, NAFLD progression; ever-user vs. never-user: aOR 0.942; 95% CI 0.803–1.105). RASi ever-use in cases of individuals who were obese or who had normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was associated with reduced risk of both NAFLD development (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2: 0.708 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.535–0.937], FPG of < 100 mg/mL: 0.774 [95% CI 0.606–0.987]) and progression (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: 0.668 [95% CI 0.568–0.784], FPG of < 100 mg/mL: 0.732 [95% CI 0.582–0.921]). The present study did not verify a significant overall association between RASi use and NAFLD development/progression but suggested that RASi might prevent NAFLD development and progression among specific subjects.
Infrared radiation from cage bedding moderates rat inflammatory and autoimmune responses in collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Djuretić Jasmina , Dimitrijević Mirjana , Stojanović Marija , Stevuljević Jelena Kotur , Hamblin Michael R. , Micov Ana , Stepanović-Petrović Radica , Leposavić Gordana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis, in rats housed in cages with bedding composed of Celliant fibres containing ceramic particles, which absorb body heat and re-emit the energy back to the body in the form of infrared radiation (+IRF rats), and those housed in cages with standard wooden shaving bedding (−IRF control rats) was examined. The appearance of the first signs of CIA was postponed, while the disease was milder (judging by the arthritic score, paw volume, and burrowing behaviour) in +IRF compared with −IRF rats. This correlated with a lower magnitude of serum anti-CII IgG antibody levels in +IRF rats, and lower production level of IL-17, the Th17 signature cytokine, in cultures of their paws. This could be partly ascribed to impaired migration of antigen-loaded CD11b + dendritic cells and their positioning within lymph nodes in +IRF rats reflecting diminished lymph node expression of CCL19 /CCL21. Additionally, as confirmed in rats with carrageenan-induced paw inflammation (CIPI), the infrared radiation from Celliant fibres, independently from immunomodulatory effects, exerted anti-inflammatory effects (judging by a shift in pro-inflammatory mediator to anti-inflammatory/immunoregulatory mediator ratio towards the latter in paw cultures) and ameliorated burrowing behaviour in CIA rats.