bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient identity modifies the destabilising effects of eutrophication in grasslands
Authors: Carroll Oliver , Batzer Evan , Bharath Siddharth , Borer Elizabeth T. , Campana Sofía , Esch Ellen , Hautier Yann , Ohlert Timothy , Seabloom Eric W. , Adler Peter B. , Bakker Jonathan D. , Biederman Lori , Bugalho Miguel N. , Caldeira Maria , Chen Qingqing , Davies Kendi F. , Fay Philip A. , Knops Johannes M. H. , Komatsu Kimberly , Martina Jason P. , McCann Kevin S. , Moore Joslin L. , Morgan John W. , Muraina Taofeek O. , Osborne Brooke , Risch Anita C. , Stevens Carly , Wilfahrt Peter A. , Yahdjian Laura , MacDougall Andrew S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNutrient enrichment can simultaneously increase and destabilise plant biomass production, with co‐limitation by multiple nutrients potentially intensifying these effects. Here, we test how factorial additions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium with essential nutrients (K+) affect the stability (mean/standard deviation) of aboveground biomass in 34 grasslands over 7 years. Destabilisation with fertilisation was prevalent but was driven by single nutrients, not synergistic nutrient interactions. On average, N‐based treatments increased mean biomass production by 21–51% but increased its standard deviation by 40–68% and so consistently reduced stability. Adding P increased interannual variability and reduced stability without altering mean biomass, while K+ had no general effects. Declines in stability were largest in the most nutrient‐limited grasslands, or where nutrients reduced species richness or intensified species synchrony. We show that nutrients can differentially impact the stability of biomass production, with N and P in particular disproportionately increasing its interannual variability.
Can I afford to publish? A dilemma for African scholars
Authors: Mekonnen Addisu , Downs Colleen , Effiom Edu O. , Kibaja Mohamed , Lawes Michael J. , Omeja Patrick , Ratsoavina Fanomezana M. , Razafindratsima Onja , Sarkar Dipto , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Chapman Colin A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith open‐access publishing authors often pay an article processing charge and subsequently their article is freely available online. These charges are beyond the reach of most African academics. Thus, the trend towards open‐access publishing will shift the business model from a pay‐wall model, where access to literature is limited, to a pay‐to‐publish one, where African scholars cannot afford to publish. We explore the costs of publishing and the ability of African scholars to afford to publish via open access in top journals. Three‐quarters of the 40 top ecology journals required payment for open‐access publishing (average cost $3150). Paying such fees is a hardship for African scholars as grant funding is not available and it is not feasible to pay the fees themselves as salaries are low. We encourage funders and publishers to facilitate an equitable publishing model that allows African scholars to make their research available through open‐access publishing.
Long‐term cannabidiol treatment for seizures in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: An open‐label extension trial
Authors: Thiele Elizabeth A. , Bebin E. Martina , Filloux Francis , Kwan Patrick , Loftus Rachael , Sahebkar Farhad , Sparagana Steven , Wheless James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of add‐on cannabidiol (CBD) in patients with seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in the open‐label extension (OLE) of the randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 3 trial GWPCARE6 (NCT02544763). Results of an interim (February 2019 data cut) analysis are reported.MethodsPatients who completed the randomized trial enrolled to receive CBD (Epidiolex®in the United States; Epidyolex®in the EU; 100 mg/mL oral solution). The initial target dose was 25 mg/kg/day, which, based on response and tolerability, could be decreased or increased up to 50 mg/kg/day. The primary end point was safety. Key secondary end points included percentage reduction in TSC‐associated (countable focal and generalized) seizures, responder rates, and Subject/Caregiver Global Impression of Change (S/CGIC).ResultsOf 201 patients who completed the randomized phase, 199 (99%) entered the OLE. Mean age was 13 years (range, 1–57). At the time of analysis, 5% of patients had completed treatment, 20% had withdrawn, and 75% were ongoing. One‐year retention rate was 79%. Median treatment time was 267 days (range, 18–910) at a 27 mg/kg/day mean modal dose. Most patients (92%) had an adverse event (AE). Most common AEs were diarrhea (42%), seizure (22%), and decreased appetite (20%). AEs led to permanent discontinuation in 6% of patients. There was one death that was deemed treatment unrelated by the investigator. Elevated liver transaminases occurred in 17 patients (9%) patients; 12 were taking valproate. Median percentage reductions in seizure frequency (12‐week windows across 48 weeks) were 54%–68%. Seizure responder rates (≥50%, ≥75%, 100% reduction) were 53%–61%, 29%–45%, and 6%–11% across 12‐week windows for 48 weeks. Improvement on the S/CGIC scale was reported by 87% of patients/caregivers at 26 weeks.SignificanceIn patients with TSC, long‐term add‐on CBD treatment was well tolerated and sustainably reduced seizures through 48 weeks, with most patients/caregivers reporting global improvement.
Inspecting the Reliability of Geochemical Facies Identified for the Waterworks' Capture Zone in Germany
Authors: Taie Semiromi Majid , Böttcher Steven , Merz Christoph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLittle research attention has been given to validating clusters obtained from the groundwater geochemistry of the waterworks' capture zone with a prevailing lake‐groundwater exchange. To address this knowledge gap, we proposed a new scheme whereby Gaussian finite mixture modeling (GFMM) and Spike‐and‐Slab Bayesian (SSB) algorithms were utilized to cluster the groundwater geochemistry while quantifying the probability of the resulting cluster membership against each other. We applied GFMM and SSB to 13 geochemical parameters collected during different sampling periods at 13 observation points across the Barnim Highlands plateau located in the northeast of Berlin, Germany; this included 10 observation wells, two lakes, and a gallery of drinking production wells. The cluster analysis of GFMM yielded nine clusters, either with a probability ≥0.8, while the SSB produced three hierarchical clusters with a probability of cluster membership varying from <0.2 to >0.8. The findings demonstrated that the clustering results of GFMM were in good agreement with the classification as per the principal component analysis and Piper diagram. By superimposing the parameter clustering onto the observation clustering, we could identify discrepancies that exist among the parameters of a certain cluster. This enables the identification of different factors that may control the geochemistry of a certain cluster, although parameters of that cluster share a strong similarity. The GFMM results have shown that from 2002, there has been active groundwater inflow from the lakes towards the capture zone. This means that it is necessary to adopt appropriate measures to reverse the inflow towards the lakes.
Present status and future directions: Microbiology of endodontic infections
Authors: Siqueira José F. , Rôças Isabela N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractApical periodontitis has a microbial aetiology and is one of the most common inflammatory diseases that affect humans. Fungi, archaea and viruses have been found in association with apical periodontitis, but bacteria are by far the most prevalent and dominant microorganisms in endodontic infections. Bacterial infection of the root canal system only occurs when the pulp is necrotic or was removed for previous treatment. In some specific cases, including acute and chronic abscesses, the bacterial infection may reach the periradicular tissues. Intracanal bacteria are usually observed as sessile multispecies communities (biofilms) attached to the dentinal root canal walls. Infection in the main root canal lumen can spread to other areas of the root canal system. Although more than 500 bacterial species have been detected in endodontic infections, a selected group of 20 to 30 species are most frequently detected and may be considered as the core microbiome. There is a high interindividual variability in the endodontic microbiome in terms of species composition and relative abundance. Obligate anaerobic species are more abundant in the intraradicular bacterial communities of teeth with primary apical periodontitis, while both anaerobes and facultatives dominate the communities in post‐treatment apical periodontitis. Bacterial interactions play an essential role in determining the overall virulence of the community, which has been regarded as the unit of pathogenicity of apical periodontitis. This article reviews the microbiologic aspects of endodontic infections and provides perspectives for future research and directions in the field.
Effect of ferroelectric polarization on piezo/photocatalysis in Ag nanoparticles loaded 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.5Ba(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 composites towards the degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Singhal Tanisha , Vaish Rahul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.5Ba(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 (BCT‐BZT) ceramic was studied for photocatalysis and piezocatalysis effects using dye degradation (methylene blue, rhodamine B, and methyl orange) and bacterial (Escherichia coli) disinfection from aqueous solution. To examine the effect of ferroelectric polarization, BCT‐BZT powder was poled using the corona poling technique. Same time, BCT‐BZT was converted into Ag/BCT‐BZT composites as Ag induced surface plasmon resonance effect during photocatalysis. Piezocatalysis performance was assessed for dyes mineralization under ultrasonication. There was a significant impact of silver nanoparticles on the photo/piezocatalysis performance of BCT‐BZT. Similarly, electric poling has also played a positive role in improving the photo/piezocatalysis in view of various dye degradation. These samples also showed effective antibacterial performance.
Re‐imagining Learning: Spaces of Possibility
Authors: Hay Penny 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNew spaces of possibility are opening up in the light of the pandemic, with a shared purpose to offer an alternative, creative approach to learning and researching experimental sites for pedagogical innovation. In our partnership work, our creative methodology, with everyone an artist, drives the ambition for artistic excellence. These new blended spaces, engage artists and educators in creative and reflective practice that places the arts, culture and creativity at the heart of a future pedagogy. These spaces can be interrogated to distil a repertoire of creative pedagogical characteristics that optimise agency, freedom, choice and imagination.
High egg retention in Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha carcasses sampled downstream of a migratory barrier
Authors: Twardek William M. , Lapointe Nicolas W. R. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBarriers in rivers have the potential to severely decrease functional connectivity between habitats. Failure to pass barriers and reach natal spawning habitat may compromise individual reproductive success, particularly for semelparous, philopatric species that rely on free‐flowing rivers to reach natal habitat during their once‐in‐a‐lifetime spawning migrations. To investigate the consequences of in‐river barriers on fish spawning success, we quantified egg retention and spawning effort (caudal fin wear) in female Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha carcasses collected downstream of the Whitehorse Hydro Plant on the upper Yukon River and at a nearby free‐flowing tributary (Teslin River) from 2018 to 2020 (~2900 km migrations). Previous studies have demonstrated that a large proportion of fish attempting to reach spawning locations upstream of the hydro plant fail to pass the associated fishway. We estimated nearly all female salmon failing to pass the hydro plant attempted spawning in non‐natal habitat downstream, but that these females retained ~34% of their total fecundity compared to ~6% in females from the free‐flowing river. Females downstream of the hydro plant also had lower wear on their caudal fin, a characteristic that was correlated with increased egg deposition. Egg retention did not vary across years with different run sizes, and we propose that egg retention downstream of the hydro plant was not driven by density‐dependent mechanisms. Findings from this work indicate that female Chinook Salmon can still deposit eggs following failed fish passage and failure to reach natal spawning sites, though egg retention rates are considerably higher and uncertainties remain about reproductive success. We encourage researchers to incorporate carcass surveys into fish passage evaluations for semelparous species to fully account for consequences of failed passage.
Effects of modified starch and homogeneous process on quality and volatile compounds of squid ink sauces
Authors: Yuan Yan‐wei , Cai Wen‐qiang , Chen Yue‐wen , Chong Yun‐qing , Dong Xiu‐ping , Wei Jian‐ling , Liu Fei‐jian , Shi Yu‐gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSquid ink is rich in abundant natural proteins, lipids, and minerals. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of different types and contents of modified starch with different processes on the stability and fluidity of squid ink sauces. Results of scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the adsorption quantities of acetylated distarch phosphate (ADSP) were significantly higher than acetylated distarch adipate and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate. Results of rheological properties and textural characteristics showed that squid ink sauce treated with ADSP had the highest dynamic viscoelasticity and adhesiveness, respectively. Meanwhile, overall quality of squid ink sauce with addition of 150% ADSP showed the highest scores. In addition, squid ink sauce treated with wet process (WP) showed higher stability and smaller particle size than dry process. The effects of processes on the volatile compounds of squid ink sauces were relatively small. In summary, the combination of 150% ADSP and squid ink treated with WP could improve the uniformity and gelling of squid ink sauce.
Factors associated with resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment in nursing homes
Authors: Pillemer Karl , Silver Stephanie , Ramirez Mildred , Kong Jian , Eimicke Joseph P. , Boratgis Gabriel D. , Meador Rhoda , Schultz Leslie , Lachs Mark S. , Nolte Julia , Chen Emily K. , Teresi Jeanne A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundResident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment (RREM) in nursing homes has serious physical and psychological consequences, but factors related to RREM occurrence remain unclear. This study identifies individual and environmental characteristics associated with involvement in RREM episodes.MethodsThe design was an observational study carried out in five urban and five suburban New York state nursing homes randomly selected on the basis of size and location. The sample consisted of 2011 residents in 10 facilities; 83% of facilities and 84% of eligible residents participated. RREM and potential correlates were identified through resident interviews, staff interviews, shift coupons, observation, chart review, and accident or incident reports.ResultsA multivariate analysis controlling for relevant covariates found that individuals involved in RREM incidents exhibit milder dementia, show behavioral symptoms, and are less functionally impaired. Although special care units (SCU) for dementia have benefits for residents, one potential hazard for SCU residents is elevated risk for RREM.ConclusionsInterventions to prevent and intervene in RREM incidents are greatly needed. The correlates identified in this research point to the need for targeted interventions, specifically for residents with milder impairment and with behavioral symptoms and individuals in SCUs.
Delayed callose degradation restores the fertility of multiple P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Kai‐Qi , Yu Ya‐Hui , Jia Xin‐Lei , Zhou Si‐Da , Zhang Fang , Zhao Xin , Zhai Ming‐Yue , Gong Yi , Lu Jie‐Yang , Guo Yuyi , Yang Nai‐Ying , Wang Shui , Xu Xiao‐Feng , Yang Zhong‐Nan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotoperiod/temperature‐sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) is widely applied for improving crop production. Previous investigations using the reversible male sterile (rvms) mutant showed that slow development is a general mechanism for restoring fertility to P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis. In this work, we isolated a restorer of rvms–2 (res3), as the male sterility of rvms–2 was rescued by res3. Phenotype analysis and molecular cloning show that a point mutation in UPEX1 l in res3 leads to delayed secretion of callase A6 from the tapetum to the locule and tetrad callose wall degradation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the tapetal transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates UPEX1 expression, revealing a pathway for tapetum secretory function. Early degradation of the callose wall in the transgenic line eliminated the fertility restoration effect of res3. The fertility of multiple known P/TGMS lines with pollen wall defects was also restored by res3. We propose that the remnant callose wall may broadly compensate for the pollen wall defects of P/TGMS lines by providing protection for pollen formation. A cellular mechanism is proposed to explain how slow development restores the fertility of P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis.
Integrative Review of Disparities in Mode of Birth and Related Complications among Mexican American Women
Authors: Spurlock Elizabeth Jones , Kue Jennifer , Gillespie Shannon , Ford Jodi , Ruiz R. Jeanne , Pickler Rita H. 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionCesarean rates are particularly high among Hispanic women in some regions of the United States, placing a disproportionate health burden on women and their newborns. This integrative review synthesized the literature on mode of birth (vaginal vs cesarean) and related childbirth complications (hemorrhage, surgical site infection, perineal trauma) among Mexican American women living in the United States.MethodsFour electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and SCOPUS, were searched to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria, research studies that included Mexican American women who were pregnant or postpartum. Results were limited to English language and publications that were peer‐reviewed and published before May 2020. Covidence was used in article identification, screening, and assessment. Critical appraisal of the research was performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs.ResultsTen articles met inclusion criteria. In some studies, Mexican American women born in the United States were more likely to have cesareans than women born in Mexico; in other studies, these findings were reversed. Mexican American women often had lower unadjusted cesarean rates compared with non‐Hispanic white women, but adjusting for birth facility (some facilities perform more cesareans than others), sociodemographic, and risk factors often revealed Mexican American women have a higher adjusted risk for cesarean birth. Women with higher socioeconomic status had higher cesarean rates compared with women with lower socioeconomic status. In studies of birth outcome by level of acculturation, women who were US‐oriented had higher rates of cesarean and more frequent perinatal complications. By ethnic subgroup, rates of cesarean and complications varied among Hispanic women.DiscussionBirth facility was associated with perinatal outcomes for Mexican American women; those who gave birth at higher‐performing facilities had better outcomes when compared with women who gave birth at lower‐performing facilities. After adjusting for pregnancy complications, Mexican American women had a greater risk for cesarean birth compared with non‐Hispanic white women, a finding that may have clinical practice implications. Level of acculturation affected birth outcomes, but more research using precise instruments is needed.
The effectiveness of a parent participation in postoperative pain management programs for children in a urology ward: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Jin‐Xia , Yao Wen‐Ying , Zhang Fang , Jiang Wen‐Ting , Gu Ying , Xu Hong‐Zhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain has adverse effects on children after urology treatment, including sleep disturbance, incision dehiscence, bleeding, and delayed recovery. Parents, as the most direct caregivers of children, can make accurate assessments of children´s personal behaviors and responses, which is very important for the management of postoperative pain in children.PurposeThe purpose of the current study was to develop a Parent Participation in Postoperative Pain Management Program for children in a urology ward and to evaluate its effects on children's postoperative pain scores and other outcome indicators.DesignThis research comprised two phases. The first phase was the development of a Parent Participation in Postoperative Pain Management Program. The second phase was a randomized controlled trial between two groups, and was carried out in a 45‐bed inpatient urology ward of a tertiary children's hospital in China. In the trial, 211 children and their parents were randomly selected as a control group between July 1 and August 15, 2019, and 202 children and their parents were randomly selected as an intervention group between August 16 and September 15, 2019.MethodsFollowing the framework and methods of the Evidence‐based Continuous Quality Improvement Model developed at Fudan University Evidence‐Based Nursing Center, we systematically gathered evidence regarding parental involvement in postoperative pain management in children to construct the program. To evaluate the program's effectiveness, the control group performed routine postoperative pain management, while the intervention group underwent the Parent Participation in Postoperative Pain Management Program. The management period was during hospitalization, and generally ranged 3–7 days. The Statistical Table of Pain Assessment for Children after Urology was employed by researchers.FindingsThe results revealed no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups of children and their parents. Children's pain scores during dressing removal (Z = −3.108, p = 0.002), at discharge (Z = −2.185, p = 0.029) and during catheter removal (Z = −6.553, p = 0.000) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe Parent Participation in Postoperative Pain Management Program was found to be effective for alleviating postoperative pain scores among children, and provided useful information regarding postoperative pain management in children involving four aspects of parental involvement: cognition, guidance, documentation and support.