bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Graphitic‐Nitrogen‐Bonded Pentagons in Interlayer‐Expanded Graphene Matrix toward Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Acidic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhang Yongchao , Ge Binghui , Zheng Fangcai , Zhang Nan , Zuo Ming , Yang Yang , Chen Qianwang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal‐free carbon‐based materials with high electrocatalytic activity are promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in several renewable energy systems. However, the performance of carbon‐based materials is far inferior to that of Pt‐based catalysts in acid electrolytes. Here, a novel carbon‐based electrocatalyst is reported toward ORR in 0.1 m HClO4 with half‐wave potential of 0.81 V and better durability (100 h reaction time) than commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. It is achieved by constructing graphitic‐nitrogen (GN)‐bonded pentagons in graphitic carbon to improve the intrinsic activity of the carbon sites and increasing the amount of active sites via expanding the interlayer spacing. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and aberration‐corrected electron microscopy characterizations confirm the formation of GN‐bonded pentagons in this carbon material. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the activity is linearly associated with the amounts of both pentagons and adjacent GN atoms. Density function theory further demonstrates that adjacent GN atoms significantly increase the charge density at the carbon atom of a GN‐bonded pentagon, which is the activity origin for the ORR.
Synthesis of Indoline‐Fused 2,5‐Diketopiperazine Scaffolds via Ugi‐4CR in the Basic Mediated Tandem Consecutive Cyclization
Authors: Wu Chih‐Yu , Murugan Sivan Perumal , Wang Yu‐Wei , Pan Hao‐Wei , Sun Bing‐Jian , Lin Yu‐Ting , Fatimah Siti , Chang Agnes H. H. , Chen Chinpiao , Lee Gene‐Hsian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study has developed a method to prepare diastereo‐ and regio‐selective indoline‐fused 2,5‐diketopiperazine scaffolds. The synthetic process involved an Ugi four‐component reaction in which readily available starting materials were used and a metal‐free intramolecular post‐Ugi tandem consecutive 5‐exo‐trig/6‐exo‐dig cyclization under basic conditions. The plausible mechanism and substrate structures were elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and supported by density functional theory calculations.magnified image
Spectroscopic Assessment of Charge‐Carrier Mobility in Crystalline Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Kharlanov Oleg G. , Maslennikov Dmitry R. , Feldman Elizaveta V. , Abashev George G. , Borshchev Oleg V. , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Vener Mikhail V. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu. , Sosorev Andrey Yu. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFurther progress in organic electronics demands new highly efficient organic semiconductor (OS) materials. So far, however, band‐like charge transport with high mobilities has been reliably demonstrated only in a few OSs, and development of efficient methods for search of high‐mobility materials among a plethora of OSs remains extremely important. In the present work, a spectroscopic method is presented for screening of crystalline OSs with efficient charge transport, to be used prior to time‐consuming device measurements. Specifically, the work focuses on a physical rationale and an experimental benchmark of a correlation between the intensities of the low‐frequency Raman spectrum and the strength of dynamic disorder limiting the charge‐carrier mobility in a material. As a result, two physics‐inspired spectroscopic descriptors for charge‐carrier mobility estimation are suggested, both of which clearly correlate with device mobilities reported for various crystalline OSs. It is anticipated that the spectroscopic method based on these descriptors can serve as a powerful search tool for revealing new high‐mobility OS materials.
Redox‐Mediated Red‐Phosphorous Semi‐Liquid Anode Enabling Metal‐Free Rechargeable Na‐Seawater Batteries with High Energy Density
Authors: Kim Yongil , Varzi Alberto , Mariani Alessandro , Kim Guk‐Tae , Kim Youngsik , Passerini Stefano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSodium‐seawater batteries (Na‐SWB) are considered among the most promising electrochemical devices for large‐scale energy storage and the marine sector. In fact, by employing an open‐structured cathode, they benefit from the unlimited supply of sodium from seawater. This means, that the energy of such systems is intrinsically limited by the capacity of the anode. In order to increase the energy of Na‐SWB, it is therefore necessary to introduce a high‐capacity anode such as, e.g., red phosphorus. However, due to its large volume changes upon charge/discharge processes, obtaining thick electrodes and large areal capacity is extremely challenging. Herein, the areal/absolute capacity of the red phosphorus anode is increased by employing a semi‐liquid electrode, which includes two redox mediators, i.e., sodium‐biphenyl and sodium‐pyrene, as reducing and oxidizing species for the exploitation of the full red phosphorus capacity. As a result, the red phosphorus semi‐liquid anode in Na‐SWB provides a high‐capacity of 15 mAh cm–2 in a static anode, showing great energy storage potential for operation in flow‐mode when storing the semi‐liquid negative electrode in a storage tank.
Application of thermal ultrasound‐assisted liquid–liquid micro‐extraction coupled with HPLC‐UV for rapid determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils
Authors: Abedi Abdol‐Samad , Hemmati Fatemeh , Abedini Amir Hossein , Mohammadi Abdorreza , Moslemi Masoumeh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA simple, fast, and reliable liquid–liquid micro‐extraction (LLME) method assisted by thermal ultrasound approach was developed for simultaneous determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) in edible oils by high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector (HPLC‐UV). The synthetic antioxidants were propyl gallate (PG), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT). The best extraction conditions were observed were methanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) as the solvent, ultrasound at 4 min, and a temperature of 40°C. The linearity of the calibration curves for the optimum conditions were R2 > 0.989 for all of the SPAs in a range from 1–200 μg ml−1. Relative standard deviation (RSD %) for five analysis was in range of 2.83% to 4.21%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained in range of 0.012–0.06 and 0.04–0.2 μg g−1, respectively. With regard to recovery, a range of 91%–116% was calculated for the spiked edible oils.
Characterization and functional analysis of a Relish gene from the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)
Authors: Chen Kangkang , Chen Jiaqian , Tang Tai , Jiang Haobo , Han Zhaoyang , Wang Libao , Alradi Mohamed F. , Lu Shiqi , Wei Xiangyi , Liu Xu , Wei Youheng , Feng Congjing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPathogen‐induced host immune responses reduce the efficacy of pathogens used to control pests. However, compared to the well‐deciphered immunity system of Drosophila melanogaster, the immunity system of agricultural pests is largely unconfirmed through functional analysis. Beginning to unveil mechanisms of transcription regulation of immune genes in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, we cloned the complementary DNA (cDNA) of a transcription factor Relish by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The 3164 bp cDNA, designated Of‐Relish, encodes a 956‐residue protein. Bioinformatic analysis showed that Of‐Relish had a Rel homology domain, a predicted cleavage site between Q409 and L410, six ankyrin repeats, and a death domain. The response of Of‐Relish expression to the Gram‐negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sooner and stronger than to the Gram‐positive Micrococcus luteus. The antimicrobial peptide genes Attacin and Gloverin had similar expression patterns in response to the infections. Knockdown of Of‐Relish led to a decrease in Attacin and Gloverin messenger RNA levels, suggesting that Attacin and Gloverin were regulated by Of‐Relish. Together, the results suggested that Of‐Relish is a key component of the IMD pathway in O. furnacalis, involved in defense against P. aeruginosa through activation of Attacin and Gloverin.
The Rise of Infrared Nonlinear Optical Pnictides: Advances and Outlooks
Authors: Yang He‐Di , Ran Mao‐Yin , Wei Wen‐Bo , Wu Xin‐Tao , Lin Hua , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are the core devices to realize IR laser output, which are of vital importance in civilian and military fields. Non‐centrosymmetric chalcogenide and pnictide compounds have already been widely accepted as favorable systems for IR‐NLO materials. Compared to the extensively investigated IR‐NLO chalcogenides during the past few decades, the research of non‐centrosymmetric phosphides as IR‐NLO materials is relatively scarce. In this frontier article, the recent progress of pnictides as emerging IR‐NLO candidates has been highlighted based on the perspective of new crystal exploration. These IR‐NLO pnictides recently reported were divided into three groups from binary to quaternary according to their chemical compositions. The synthetic methods, structural chemistry, and structure‐activity relationships are analyzed and summarized in detail. Finally, current problems and the future development of this field are also proposed.
Racial and ethnic differences in the utilization of autologous transplantation for lymphoma in the United States
Authors: Vaughn John L. , Soroka Orysya , Epperla Narendranath , Safford Monika , Pinheiro Laura C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRacial/ethnic disparities in the utilization of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) have been reported for patients with hematologic malignancies, but population‐based data are lacking for lymphoma patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether racial and ethnic disparities exist in the utilization of autologous HCT for lymphoma in the United States.MethodWe used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data linked to Medicare fee‐for‐service claims. We included Medicare beneficiaries aged 66+ years with Hodgkin or Non‐Hodgkin lymphomas diagnosed between 2008 and 2015. The primary outcome was time‐to‐autologous HCT. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate racial/ethnic differences in utilization. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation with chained equations.ResultsWe included 40,605 individuals with lymphoma. A total of 452 autologous transplants were performed. In the unadjusted model, Non‐Hispanic Black patients were 51% less likely to receive a transplant than Non‐Hispanic White patients (95% CI, 0.26–0.96;p = 0.04). After adjusting for age at diagnosis and sex, Non‐Hispanic Black patients were 61% less likely to receive a transplant (95% CI, 0.20–0.76;p = 0.01). However, observed differences attenuated and became non‐significant after adjustment for socioeconomic factors (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.32–1.21;p = 0.16) and disease‐specific factors (aHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.30–1.12;p = 0.11), separately. In the fully adjusted model, we also did not observe a statistically significant association between Non‐Hispanic Black race/ethnicity and receipt of transplant (aHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.28–1.05;p = 0.07).ConclusionIn this population‐based cohort study of lymphoma patients, Non‐Hispanic Black patients were less likely to receive autologous HCT compared to Non‐Hispanic White patients, but this difference was partially explained by socioeconomic and disease‐specific factors.
Pediatric hematology/oncology healthcare professional emotional health during COVID‐19
Authors: Schechter‐Finkelstein Tal , Plenert Erin , La Rosa Jennifer , McLean Jennifer , Chiang K. Y. , Krueger Joerg , Hearne Erin , Sung Lillian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on healthcare professional emotional health in pediatric hematology/oncology. Primary objective was to describe anxiety, depression, positive affect, and perceived stress among pediatric hematology/oncology healthcare professionals following a COVID‐19 outbreak. Secondary objectives were to compare these outcomes based on contact with a positive person, and to identify risk factors for worse outcomes.Materials and methodsWe included 272 healthcare professionals working with pediatric hematology/oncology patients. We determined whether respondents had direct or indirect contact with a COVID‐19‐positive individual and then measured outcomes using the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depression, anxiety, and positive affect measures, and the Perceived Stress Scale.ResultsAmong eligible respondents, 205 agreed to participate (response rate 75%). Sixty‐nine (33.7%) had contact with a COVID‐19‐positive person. PROMIS anxiety, depression, and positive affect scores were similar to the general United States population. Those who had contact with a COVID‐19‐positive individual did not have significantly different outcomes. In multiple regression, non‐physicians had significantly increased anxiety (nurses: p = 0.013), depression (nurses: p = 0.002, pharmacists: p = 0.038, and other profession: p = 0.021), and perceived stress (nurses: p = 0.002 and other profession: p = 0.011) when compared to physicians.ConclusionsPediatric hematology/oncology healthcare professionals had similar levels of anxiety, depression, and positive affect as the general population. Contact with a COVID‐19‐positive individual was not significantly associated with outcomes. Non‐physician healthcare professionals had more anxiety, depression, and perceived stress when compared to physicians. These findings may help to develop programs to support healthcare professional resilience.
FRET‐Based In‐Cell Detection of Highly Selective Supramolecular Complexes of meso‐Tetraarylporphyrin with Peptide/BODIPY‐Modified Per‐O‐Methyl‐β‐Cyclodextrins
Authors: Nakagami Atsuki , Mao Qiyue , Gouhier Géraldine , Arima Hidetoshi , Kitagishi Hiroaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArtificial supramolecular systems capable of self‐assembly and that precisely function in biological media are in high demand. Herein, we demonstrate a highly specific host‐guest‐pair system that functions in living cells. A per‐O‐methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin derivative (R8‐B‐CDMe) bearing both an octaarginine peptide chain and a BODIPY dye was synthesized as a fluorescent intracellular delivery tool. R8‐B‐CDMe was efficiently taken up by HeLa cells through both endocytosis and direct transmembrane pathways. R8‐B‐CDMe formed a 2 : 1 inclusion complex with tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) as a guest molecule in water, from which fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from R8‐B‐CDMe to TPPS was observed. The FRET phenomenon was clearly detected in living cells using confocal microscopy techniques, which revealed that the formed supramolecular R8‐B‐CDMe/TPPS complex was maintained within the cells. The R8‐B‐CDMe cytotoxicity assay revealed that the addition of TPPS counteracts the strong cytotoxicity (IC50=16 μM) of the CD cavity due to complexation within the cells. A series of experiments demonstrated the bio‐orthogonality of the supramolecular per‐O‐methyl‐β‐CD/tetraarylporphyrin host‐guest pair in living cells.
Voltammetry in Two‐Electrode Mode for Rapid Electrochemical Screening Using a Fully Printed and Flexible Multiplexer Sensor
Authors: Nagar Bhawna , Silva Wanderson O. , Girault Hubert H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA multiplexed electrochemical platform has been designed for electrochemical screening applications, such as bacteria detection. It includes 16×16 electrochemical cell array in a two‐electrode mode fabricated by a combination of screen printing, inkjet printing, and flash‐light sintering techniques wherein each cell is addressed sequentially by a portable multiplexer potentiostat. This multiplexer unit is capable of making a total of 256 independent voltametric measurements that were validated by performing cyclic voltammetry in two‐electrode mode using four different redox mediators: [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, FcMeOH, Ru[(NH3)6]Cl3 and K2[IrCl6]. The smart design and the use of mass production techniques makes the multiplexer device applicable for numerous electrochemical applications including health, food, and environmental monitoring.
3D‐Printing with Steel ‐ Additive Manufacturing Connections and Structures
Authors: Lange Jörg , Feucht Thilo , Erven Maren 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutomated production is finding its way into fabrication of structural steel. One robot holds attachments (stiffeners, head plates, etc.) to a steel beam or column and another robot produces weld seams. However, welding robots can also be used for additive manufacturing (Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing, WAAM). The wire electrode serves as printing material. The Institute for Steel Construction and Materials Mechanics in Darmstadt is investigating how typical connecting elements of steel construction can be printed directly on steel beams using Additive Manufacturing with arc welding and robots. Furthermore structural elements like nodal points are printed and even complete structures like columns and a little bridge have been manufactured additively already. The main focus is on determining suitable welding and process parameters. In addition, topology optimization is used to find good structures using a low amount of material. This is possible due to the free design prospects of 3D‐printing. This opens for novel design and production strategies.
Development and challenges of support structures for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Böhm Manuela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to provide an overview on the development of the offshore wind energy and the challenges regarding the support structures of wind turbines. Since this field is very broad, the focus of this paper is on four topics: The general development of offshore wind energy, the different design types, the verification of fatigue strength and a review of the approval procedure and new normative regulations. Hence, a summary of the development of the offshore wind energy including an outlook is provided. Further, the different design types of support structures are introduced. A central topic of this paper is the testing and verification of fatigue strength of the critical design details, particularly the connections. As the author is active in several committees, challenges, changes and innovations in approval procedures and standardization are also discussed. Finally, these topics are summarized and related to the importance of offshore wind energy for the energy transition.
Investigation of the Effects of an over‐elastic Preload on the load‐bearing Behavior of high‐strength Bolt and Nut Assemblies
Authors: Reinheimer Jan , Lange Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCost efficiency and sustainability of construction measures are determined not only by the cost of the new building itself, but also by subsequent improvements and running costs. This also includes the cost of replacing bolts that were not installed in accordance with the requirements given in the decisive specifications. Here, the subsequent control of the assembly is specified. Accordingly, preloaded bolts have to be checked for overtightening. If a bolt is classified as overtightened, this can result in the entire bolt group having to be replaced under supervision. In addition to the high cost of replacement, this often means that further work has to be temporarily halted. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the degree of utilization of the bolt defined as overtightened and the influence on the microstructure of the material as well as on the load‐bearing behaviour. The results of first experimental investigations suggest that over‐elastic preload forces only have a significant influence on the load bearing behaviour of high‐strength bolts when exceeding a certain point. The assessment of preloaded bolts with respect to overtightening as given in specifications seems to be too general – and for the bolt lengths so far investigated too conservative.
Telecommunication and transmission lattice towers from angle sections – the ANGELHY project
Authors: Vayas Ioannis , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Bureau Alain , Tibolt Mike , Reygner Sebastien , Papavasiliou Michalis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLattice towers are extensively built in Europe and worldwide to serve telecommunication or power transmission purposes. The structural members of such towers are frequently made of equal leg angle sections that are often preferred to tubular sections due to their easy connection that results in a simple erection, a requirement set by most telecommunication or power providers. Angle sizes range from light to heavy sections with leg lengths up to 300 mm for towers with significant height. Towers, especially telecommunication ones, may need to be strengthened due to the fact that, during the design life, heavier or larger antennas resulting in a heavier wind loading may be installed. As an alternative to conventional methods, hybrid strengthening of tower angle members with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) strips may be employed.The present paper provides an overview of ANGELHY, an RFCS‐funded research project that comes toward its end. The scope of the project is the establishment of analysis methods for lattice towers and the development of design rules for steel and hybrid angle sections, as well as built‐up members composed of angles.
Use of thick, heavy plates for bridge construction
Authors: Lehnert Tobias , Merlin Cécile , Gola Jessica , Kühn Bertram , Krieglstein Tim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModern steel or steel composite bridges need modern solutions in steel: often thick heavy plates play a crucial role in bridge building, possibly used as flange plate in heavy bridge beams or as thick deck plate in a trough bridge. Depending on the application thick heavy plates allow efficient fabrication or potentially increase the sustainability of a bridge construction. As today especially fabrication efficiency and durability gain importance, it leads to an increase in the application of thick heavy plates. However, when designing with thick heavy plates often the designer reaches technical or regulatory limits. This report will show some solutions to overcome these existing restraints, e.g. improved possibilities in the production of thick thermomechanically rolled steels or extension of the simplified brittle fracture analysis according to Table 2.1 of EN 1993‐1‐10. The consistent exploitation of these possibilities opens a variety of new advantageous options in constructing road or railway bridges.