bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Losing Meaning: Philosophical Reflections on Neural Interventions and their Influence on Narrative Identity
Authors: Leuenberger Muriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe profound changes in personality, mood, and other features of the self that neural interventions can induce can be disconcerting to patients, their families, and caregivers. In the neuroethical debate, these concerns are often addressed in the context of possible threats to the narrative self. In this paper, I argue that it is necessary to consider a dimension of impacts on the narrative self which has so far been neglected: neural interventions can lead to a loss of meaning of actions, feelings, beliefs, and other intentional elements of our self-narratives. To uphold the coherence of the self-narrative, the changes induced by neural interventions need to be accounted for through explanations in intentional or biochemical terms. However, only an explanation including intentional states delivers the content to directly ascribe personal meaning, i.e., subjective value to events. Neural interventions can deprive events of meaning because they may favor a predominantly biochemical account. A loss of meaning is not inherently negative but it can be problematic, particularly if events are affected one was not prepared or willing to have stripped of meaning. The paper further examines what it is about neural interventions that impacts meaning by analyzing different methods. To which degree the pull towards a biochemical view occurs depends on the characteristics of the neural intervention. By comparing Deep Brain Stimulation, Prozac, Ritalin, psychedelics, and psychotherapy, the paper identifies some main factors: the rate of change, the transparency of the causal chain, the involvement of the patient, and the presence of an acute phenomenological experience.
Hippocampal Interneurons are Required for Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wei-Wei , Li Rong-Rong , Zhang Jie , Yan Jie , Zhang Qian-Hui , Hu Zhi-An , Hu Bo , Yao Zhong-Xiang , Chen Hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the hippocampus has been implicated in supporting the association among time-separated events, the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Here, we combined in vivo multi-channel recording and optogenetics to investigate the activity of hippocampal interneurons in freely-moving mice performing a trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) task. We found that the hippocampal interneurons exhibited conditioned stimulus (CS)-evoked sustained activity, which predicted the performance of conditioned eyeblink responses (CRs) in the early acquisition of the tEBC. Consistent with this, greater proportions of hippocampal pyramidal cells showed CS-evoked decreased activity in the early acquisition of the tEBC. Moreover, optogenetic suppression of the sustained activity in hippocampal interneurons severely impaired acquisition of the tEBC. In contrast, suppression of the sustained activity of hippocampal interneurons had no effect on the performance of well-learned CRs. Our findings highlight the role of hippocampal interneurons in the tEBC, and point to a potential cellular mechanism subserving associative learning.
Application of Carbonized Starches as Carbon Electrode Active Material Compared to Graphene Nanoplatelets-Based Anode in a Lithium-Ion Cell
Authors: Pigłowska Marita , Kurc Beata , Rymaniak Łukasz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main aim of this research is the examination of the physicochemical properties and their impact on the electrochemical activity of carbon materials obtained from the starch of different botanical origin (SCs). The obtained materials are compared to graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) of different particle sizes (5 and 25 µm) applied as an anode active material for high-performance lithium-ion cells. SCs were obtained via thermal carbonization and this process enables an obtainment of better sorption properties compared to GNPs. The excellent electrochemical properties are mainly attributed to the good DLi+(3.03 × 10−13–7.64 × 10−11cm2s−1for SCs and 7.60 × 10−13–5.42 × 10−12cm2s−1for GNPs) and relatively small resistances (EIS). However, the primary focus is on the specific capacity and cyclability. The capacity retentions of CSC cycled at 1 mA g−1, 10 mA g−1, 50 mA g−1, 1 mA g−1for 50 cycles are 98%, 99%, 96%, 94% with specific capacities equal to 820, 800, 790, 1000 mAh g−1, respectively. The 5GNPs and 25GNPs may present a much smaller reversible capacity of 650, 600 mAh g−1at 10 mA g−1. The thermal modification process of starches is simple, safe and widely applied, providing new paths for rational engineering of anode materials for LIBs. Moreover, the applied materials are easily available worldwide and are promising in the well-known Green Chemistry aspect making the cells more biodegradable.Graphic Abstract
Perforated gastric cancer: a critical appraisal
Authors: Di Carlo Sara , Franceschilli Marzia , Rossi Piero , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Cardi Maurizio , Vinci Danilo , Sibio Simone 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGastric cancer perforation is a life-threatening condition that accounts for less than 5% of all gastric cancer patients and typically requires emergency surgery. However, preoperative diagnosis is difficult and management has a dual purpose: to treat peritonitis and to achieve a curative resection. The optimal surgical strategy is still unclear and prognosis remains poor. A search of the literature was performed using MEDLINE databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane) using terms such as “perforated gastric cancer”, “perforated gastric cancer and surgery”, “perforated gastric tumour” and “gastric cancer perforated”. Case reports, other reviews, non-english written papers and papers written before 2010 were excluded. Eight articles published between 2010 and 2020 matched the inclusion criteria for this review. Perforated gastric cancer was more prevalent in elderly males. Distal stomach was most frequently involved. Preoperative diagnosis was uncommon. Mortality rates ranged from 2 to 46%. Patients able to receive an R0 resection demonstrated better long-term survival compared with patients who had simple closure procedures. Laparoscopic procedure was mentioned only in one study. In an emergency situation, curative RO resection should always be offered in patients without multiple adverse factors. A surgical strategy using laparoscopic local repair as first step of surgery to resolve the peritonitis followed by a radical open or laparoscopic gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy could be considered. A balance between emergency and oncological needs should drive the surgical choice on a case by case basis.
The orbit of closure-involution operations: the case of Boolean functions
Authors: Dassow Jürgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor a setAof Boolean functions, a closure operatorcand an involutioni, let$$\mathcal{N}_{c,i}(A)$$Nc,i(A)be the number of sets which can be obtained fromAby repeated applications ofcandi. The orbit$$\mathcal{O}(c,i)$$O(c,i)is defined as the set of all these numbers. We determine the orbits$$\mathcal{O}(S,i)$$O(S,i)whereSis the closure defined by superposition andiis the complement or the duality. For the negation$${{\,\mathrm{non}\,}}$$non, the orbit$$\mathcal{O}(S,{{\,\mathrm{non}\,}})$$O(S,non)is almost determined. Especially, we show that the orbit in all these cases contains at most seven numbers. Moreover, we present some closure operators where the orbit with respect to duality and negation is arbitrarily large.
Introduction: Managed retreat and environmental justice in a changing climate
Authors: Siders A. R. , Ajibade Idowu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn response to global climate change, managed retreat has emerged as a controversial adaptation strategy. The purposeful movement of people and communities away from hazardous places raises numerous social and environmental justice concerns that will become even more pressing as retreat occurs more frequently and at larger scales. This special issue contributes to an emerging body of literature on managed retreat by providing a range of perspectives and approaches to considering justice in managed retreat. The assembled papers represent diversevoices(including perspectives from individuals whose communities are currently relocating or considering relocation),disciplines(including oral histories, legal analyses, and cultural heritage considerations), andlensesthrough which to consider the justice implications of managed retreat. They describe completed, in-progress, and foiled relocations. They suggest opportunities for improvement through improved evaluations and broader collaborations. While each presents a unique lens, key themes emerge around the need for transparent and equitable policies, self-determination of communities, holistic metrics for assessing individual and community well-being, the importance of culture both as something to be protected and an asset to be leveraged, and the need to address historical and systemic injustices that contribute to vulnerability and exposure to risk.
Mindfulness in Treatment Approaches for Addiction — Underlying Mechanisms and Future Directions
Authors: Rosenthal Annika , Levin Michael E. , Garland Eric L. , Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
While the treatment of addictive disorders proves to be challenging, new treatment approaches that evolved around the concepts of mindfulness and acceptance have been utilized and investigated in recent years. Our goal is to summarize the efficacy and possible underlying mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) in addictive disorders.

Recent Findings
Various meta-analyses have suggested that MBIs show clinical efficacy in the treatment of addictive disorders. Considering the factors that impact addictive disorders, MBIs have been indicated to augment responsiveness to natural rewards in contrast to addiction-related cues as well as to increase top-down cognitive control, decrease subjective and physiological stress perception, and enhance positive affect.

Summary
In summary, MBIs hold promise in treating addictive disorders while larger randomized controlled trials with longitudinal study designs are needed to confirm their utility. Newest clinical endeavors strive to enhance the clinical utility of MBIs by augmentation or personalization.
Asperity-based modification on theory of contact mechanics and rubber friction for self-affine fractal surfaces
Authors: Emami Anahita , Khaleghian Seyedmeysam , Taheri Saied 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModeling the real contact area plays a key role in every tribological process, such as friction, adhesion, and wear. Contact between two solids does not necessarily occur everywhere within the apparent contact area. Considering the multiscale nature of roughness, Persson proposed a theory of contact mechanics for a soft and smooth solid in contact with a rigid rough surface. In this theory, he assumed that the vertical displacement on the soft surface could be approximated by the height profile of the substrate surface. Although this assumption gives an accurate pressure distribution at the interface for complete contact, when no gap exists between two surfaces, it results in an overestimation of elastic energy stored in the material for partial contact, which typically occurs in many practical applications. This issue was later addressed by Persson by including a correction factor obtained from the comparison of the theoretical results with molecular dynamics simulation. This paper proposes a different approach to correct the overestimation of vertical displacement in Persson’s contact theory for rough surfaces with self-affine fractal properties. The results are compared with the correction factor proposed by Persson. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it uses physical parameters such as the surface roughness characteristics, material properties, sliding velocity, and normal load to correct the model. This method is also implemented in the theory of rubber friction. The results of the corrected friction model are compared with experiments. The results confirm that the modified model predicts the friction coefficient as a function of sliding velocity more accurately than the original model.
Mechanochemical reactions of GaN-Al2O3 interface at the nanoasperity contact: Roles of crystallographic polarity and ambient humidity
Authors: Guo Jian , Gao Jian , Xiao Chen , Chen Lei , Qian Linmao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMechanochemical reactions of the GaN-Al2O3 interface offer a novel principle for scientific and technological merits in the micro-/nano-scale ultra-precision surface machining. In this work, the mechanochemical reactions on Ga- and N-faced GaN surfaces rubbed by the Al2O3 nanoasperity as a function of the environmental humidity were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the N-face exhibits much stronger mechanochemical removal over the relative humidity range of 20%–80% than the Ga-face. Increasing water molecules in environmental conditions significantly promotes the interfacial mechanochemical reactions and hence accelerates the atomic attrition on N-face. The hypothesized mechanism of the selective water-involved mechanochemical removal is associated with the dangling bond configuration, which affects the mechanically-stimulated chemical reactions via altering the activation energy barrier to form the bonding bridge across the sliding interface. These findings can enrich the understanding of the underlying mechanism of mechanochemical reactions at GaN-Al2O3 interface and a broad cognition for regulating the mechanochemical reactions widely existing in scientific and engineering applications.
Approximate Solutions for Dark and Singular Optical Solitons of Chen-Lee-Liu Model by Adomian-based Methods
Authors: Mohammed A. S. H. F. , Bakodah H. O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current manuscript investigates by proposing new numerical schemes based on the Adomian's technique for the resolution of the dark and singular solutions of the Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation. More precisely, the schemes are derived from the Wazwaz's modification of the Adomian's method and the improved Adomian's method for treating complex-valued evolution equations. The CLL model is applicable to a variety of applications including photonic and optical crystal fibers. The schemes which are implemented via the help of theMaplesoftware have many salient advantages as contained in the comparative analysis. Finally, we depict certain results graphically together with some supportive tables, in addition to some comprehensive remarks.
Engineering Two-Phase Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts with Tunable and Synergetic Components for Flexible Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Niu Yanli , Teng Xue , Gong Shuaiqi , Xu Mingze , Sun Shi-Gang , Chen Zuofeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal–air batteries, like Zn–air batteries (ZABs) are usually suffered from low energy conversion efficiency and poor cyclability caused by the sluggish OER and ORR at the air cathode.
Herein, a novel bimetallic Co/CoFe nanomaterial supported on nanoflower-like N-doped graphitic carbon (NC) was prepared through a strategy of coordination construction–cation exchange-pyrolysis and used as a highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal the formation of Co/CoFe heterostructure and synergistic effect between metal layer and NC support, leading to improved electric conductivity, accelerated reaction kinetics, and optimized adsorption energy for intermediates of ORR and OER. The Co/CoFe@NC exhibits high bifunctional activities with a remarkably small potential gap of 0.70 V between the half-wave potential (E1/2) of ORR and the potential at 10 mA cm‒2 (Ej=10) of OER. The aqueous ZAB constructed using this air electrode exhibits a slight voltage loss of only 60 mV after 550-cycle test (360 h, 15 days). A sodium polyacrylate (PANa)-based hydrogel electrolyte was synthesized with strong water-retention capability and high ionic conductivity. The quasi-solid-state ZAB by integrating the Co/CoFe@NC air electrode and PANa hydrogel electrolyte demonstrates excellent mechanical stability and cyclability under different bending states.
In-Cell Nanoelectronics: Opening the Door to Intracellular Electrophysiology
Authors: Xu Dongxin , Mo Jingshan , Xie Xi , Hu Ning 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEstablishing a reliable electrophysiological recording platform is crucial for cardiology and neuroscience research. Noninvasive and label-free planar multitransistors and multielectrode arrays are conducive to perform the large-scale cellular electrical activity recordings, but the signal attenuation limits these extracellular devices to record subthreshold activities. In recent decade, in-cell nanoelectronics have been rapidly developed to open the door to intracellular electrophysiology. With the unique three-dimensional nanotopography and advanced penetration strategies, high-throughput and high-fidelity action potential like signal recordings is expected to be realized. This review summarizes in-cell nanoelectronics from versatile nano-biointerfaces, penetration strategies, active/passive nanodevices, systematically analyses the applications in electrogenic cells and especially evaluates the influence of nanodevices on the high-quality intracellular electrophysiological signals. Further, the opportunities, challenges and broad prospects of in-cell nanoelectronics are prospected, expecting to promote the development of in-cell electrophysiological platforms to meet the demand of theoretical investigation and clinical application."Image missing"
What process causes the slowdown of pressure solution creep
Authors: Lu Renchao , Cheng Chaojie , Nagel Thomas , Milsch Harald , Yasuhara Hideaki , Kolditz Olaf , Shao Haibing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The slowdown of pressure solution creep has been thought to be caused by stress redistribution. This study presents a fresh view towards this creep behaviour. Basically, two rate-limiting mechanisms come into play amid pressure solution creep: (1) stress redistribution across expanding inter-granular contacts and (2) solute accumulation in the water film. Because non-hydrostatic dissolution occurs under open system conditions, solute accumulation in the water film is constrained by the ensuing solute transport process. Relying on the matter exchange across the contact surface boundary, the active processes in the voids, e.g., solute migration and deposition, affect pressure solution creep. Based upon the above, we sum up two requirements that have to be met for achieving chemical compaction equilibrium: (1) the Gibbs free energy of reaction, i.e., the driving force of non-hydrostatic dissolution process, gets depleted and (2) the concentration gradient between the water film and surrounding pore water vanishes.

Highlights

The slowdown of pressure solution creep is a combined result of stress migration across contacts and solute accumulation in the water film.

Matter exchange with the surroundings inhibits solute accumulation in the water film.

This article identifies two prerequisites that need to be fulfilled for achieving chemical compaction equilibrium.
Improved approximate rips filtrations with shifted integer lattices and cubical complexes
Authors: Choudhary Aruni , Kerber Michael , Raghvendra Sharath 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRips complexes are important structures for analyzing topological features of metric spaces. Unfortunately, generating these complexes is expensive because of a combinatorial explosion in the complex size. Fornpoints in$$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rd, we present a scheme to construct a 2-approximation of the filtration of the Rips complex in the$$L_\infty $$L∞-norm, which extends to a$$2d^{0.25}$$2d0.25-approximation in the Euclidean case. Thek-skeleton of the resulting approximation has a total size of$$n2^{O(d\log k +d)}$$n2O(dlogk+d). The scheme is based on the integer lattice and simplicial complexes based on the barycentric subdivision of thed-cube. We extend our result to use cubical complexes in place of simplicial complexes by introducingcubical mapsbetween complexes. We get the same approximation guarantee as the simplicial case, while reducing the total size of the approximation to only$$n2^{O(d)}$$n2O(d)(cubical) cells. There are two novel techniques that we use in this paper. The first is the use ofacyclic carriersfor proving our approximation result. In our application, these are maps which relate the Rips complex and the approximation in a relatively simple manner and greatly reduce the complexity of showing the approximation guarantee. The second technique is what we refer to asscale balancing, which is a simple trick to improve the approximation ratio under certain conditions.
Sexual Violence Against Children and Transitional Justice: Bearing Witness and Preserving Testimony About Injustice in Childhood
Authors: Andresen Sabine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEfforts to come to terms with sexual violence against children and adolescents are predicated on a desire to achieve justice. Based on the work done by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in Germany, this article attempts to identify the interfaces between the Inquiry’s undertakings and the field of transitional justice. Using an approach informed by the theory of childhood, it examines the issues that arise when survivors bear witness to past childhood events. This must adopt a perspective that is sensitive to childhood and adolescence as unique life phases. That, in turn, requires accounting for concomitant factors, such as the context presented by a child’s growth and development, the function of families, the role played by educational institutions, and the legal position accorded children by society. The article thus adopts a framework rooted in childhood theory that considers children both generally as human beings and specifically as children.