bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal and Economic Aspects of Debt Securitisation with Involvement of Special Purpose Corporation1
Authors: Szydło Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Securitisation is an asset management method aimed at issuing securities based on a separate set of claims. With this method, private entities and public entities delivering public tasks can have access to investment financing or operational financial through the capital market, bypassing a credit risk. It is achieved by bringing to a swap of a package of claims due to the entity with cash raised through issuing securities (e.g., bonds) backed by the debt obligations (claims). The paper presents legal and economic rules for organising the debt securitisation process involving a special purpose commercial law company set up to issue securities, which, next to securitisation through a securitisation fund, is one of the two types of securitisation of claims governed by Polish law. This paper was written within the research project financed by the National Science Centre No. DEC-2013/08/A/HS5/00642.
Nature of Charge for Breach of Budgetary Discipline from Czech Perspective
Authors: Sejkora Tomáš 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article is focused on the issue of the imposition of the charge for the breach of the budgetary discipline and its nature as a criminal sanction for the purposes of the application of articles 6 and 7 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental freedoms. The author familiarizes the reader with the basics of the Czech regulation, pointing out the specific issue related to the recipients of public subsidies. In this case, the Czech legislator must deal with the issue of the competed public authorities because particular breach of the budgetary discipline can be sanctioned also by a fine levied by the Office for the Protection of Competition. Otherwise, the current regulation of the charge for the breach of the budgetary does not necessarily be in accordance with the principle non bis in idem pursuant to article 4 of the Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental freedoms, if the nature of the charge and fine is criminal. Therefore, this article is also devoted to the application of the Engel criteria to the charge for the breach of the budgetary discipline to provide an answer whether this charge is a criminal sanction, and finally, it describes from the perspective of the application of the non bis in idem principle, how negatively the imposition of this charge could be affected if its nature is identified as a criminal one. The scientific methods used are the analysis, induction, deduction and description.
Features of the labour market in the context of European diversity
Authors: Adam Chlebisz , Mateusz Mierzejewski 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article presents selected relationships between satisfaction with the financial situation and belonging of the state to the former socialist bloc, and selected labour market factors. Pearson's correlation coefficient, LOG and LOGIT modelling were used to show the European differentiation with labour market factors such as exposure to risk factors, work-related health problems, working in the evenings, number of usual weekly hours of work, employment rates, working at nights, working on Saturdays and long-term unemployment. Key in the differentiation of two groups of countries were the number of usual weekly hours of work, working at nights and working in the evenings. Further analysis of variables enabled the indication of factors such as long-term unemployment, the number of usual weekly hours of work and work-related health problems as determining the level of satisfaction with the financial situation in the countries studied.
Foreigners’ Rights in The Age of Pandemics – Migration Aspects
Authors: Princ Marcin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The content of the article is devoted to the situation of foreigners – migrants – entering and staying in the territory of Poland. All considerations refer to the conditions of the pandemic. The author asks whether the introduced legal solutions are consistent with the rights and freedoms, and whether the restrictions are constitutional and, in particular, proportional to the threat. The subject of the analysis focuses mainly on Polish sources of law issued during the first wave of the epidemic in Poland. Many voices currently indicate that the pandemic situation in the global world could repeat itself in the future. Hence, the present experience should be used as a reference point in the future.
Prólogo
Authors: Entorno Geográfico Revista 
Published: June 2021

El número 17 de la revista Entorno Geográfico correspondiente al primer semestre del año 2019 se orienta principalmente a exponer estudios de casos de distintos hechos socioespaciales de interés para la comunidad geográfica regional, nacional e internacional. Tales casos expresan que los procesos sociales se producen y reproducen en intrincadas relaciones sistémicas que configuran regularidades que se explican tanto por hechos sociales y políticos como naturales. En esta oportunidad se cuenta con cinco artículos en la sección de Espacios y Territorios, los cuales tratan temáticas de suma importancia, tales como el conflicto armado Colombiano y su incidencia ambiental; la representación en cuanto a la significancia para el imaginario sociocultural de diversos espacios en el ámbito urbano; la identificación de problemáticas socioespaciales, para afrontar trasformaciones del medio físico como en el caso de la Barra, Buenaventura teniendo en cuenta la gobernanza de las comunidades; también el reconocimiento de lugares al nivel regional (Valle del Cauca) como propuesta para crear políticas de manejo ambiental. Además, la reseña que acompaña a este conjunto de artículos presenta el libro Urbanização e desastres naturais, abrangência América do Sul, de la editorial brasileña Oficina de Textos. Entregamos este nuevo número a la comunidad en general con el ánimo de aportar al debate elementos sobre temas de actualidad.
Las bases de datos globales y SIG en la toma de decisiones:oportunidades y limitaciones
Authors: Santana Rodriguez Luis Marino , Escobar Martinez Francisco 
Published: June 2021

El acceso a bases de datos fiables y a herramientas capaces de manejar y analizar los mismos con eficacia se ha visto, desde los años 70, como una necesidad acuciante para el apoyo a las labores de prevención y alivio en casos de desastre. En este sentido. La Universidad Católica de Lovaina, está realizando notables esfuerzos para obtener y difundir datos relevantes de los desastres y sus efectos para cada país. Aunque estos no fueron recogidos originariamente para su integración en un SIG, el hecho de estar referidos a países permite una fácil geocodificacion e integración a otras bases de datos, posibilitando así análisis más integrales desde una perspectiva espacial.El objetivo del presente artículo es, por un lado, mostrar las oportunidades que ofrecen los SIG en las tareas relativas a la toma de decisiones ante eventos de desastres naturales, y, por otro, alertar sobre las dificultades y limitaciones que las herramientas cartográficas en general y los SIG en particular encuentra a la hora de utilizar adecuadamente este tipo de bases de datos globales. Para ello, se parte con una descripción de la base de datos recogida por Naciones Unidas y disponibles a través del CRED/ EM-DAT; a continuación se detalla el proceso seguido para su integración en un SIG y las posibilidades que este ofrece a la hora de realizar búsquedas y análisis. Por último, se detallas los problemas encontrados para la representación cartográfica, adoptando América Latina como ejemplo de aplicación, y se establecen una serie de recomendaciones para una optima recolección y explotación de datos globales en un entorno SIG.
Causas naturales. Ensayos de marxismo ecológico
Authors: O'Connors James 
Published: June 2021

El libro recoge textos y ensayos producidos entre 1988 y 1996, publicados en la revista Capitalism, Nature, Socialism (CNS). Dicha publicación conto, como cofundadores, con Barbara Laurence y un grupo de estudiantes de posgrado de la Universidad de California en Santa Cruz (UCSC). El documento está estructurado en tres partes, que se describen, aquí, en el aparte correspondiente a Contenido. Con 406 páginas el libro fue publicado, en su versión en español, en el 2001.La primera edición en ingles, publicada en 1998 por Guilford Press, Nueva York, tuvo como título original Natural Causes. Essays in ecological marxism.
Un hogar para la (muerte de la) política: el institucionalismo en Laclau
Authors: Franzé Javier 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza la distinción entre populismo e institucionalismo en Laclau. La hipótesis es que al identificar el populismo con la política y el institucionalismo con la muerte de la política, Laclau modifica su concepto de hegemonía de Hegemonía y Estrategia Socialista generando una tensión entre política como hegemonía y política como populismo. El artículo debate con las principales reflexiones que tratan el concepto de hegemonía en Laclau. El objetivo es mostrar que la política no es sólo impugnación sino también reproducción del orden, y que la muerte de la política es contradictoria con la noción de identidad como diferencia. Las conclusiones plantean una diferenciación entre política y populismo, entendiendo a éste como una forma óntica de construcción de hegemonía.
Posverdad, agnotología e instrumentalidad en internet
Authors: Liceaga Mendoza Rodrigo Iván 
Published: June 2021

En una época de relativización y descrédito por la verdad, como mera opinión o manipulación (posverdad), y de un uso deliberado de la producción y manipulación de la ignorancia (agnotología) que es crecientemente movilizado por medios digitales, nula atención se ha prestado a la relación entre estas prácticas y el diseño elemental de Internet. A partir del concepto de instrumentalidad, y por medio de un análisis de dispositivo (dispositif), el artículo analiza Internet en su diseño fundamental y función estratégica, para mostrar la estrecha relación entre éste y la producción y administración de ignorancia como instrumento de una tercera persona. Se argumenta que la agnotología es un elemento sistémico de Internet que beneficia intereses y valores generalmente desconocidos.
La democracia participativa en México: ¿compensa o profundiza la desigualdad política?
Authors: Del Tronco José , Madrigal Ramírez Abby 
Published: June 2021

¿Es la participación ciudadana a nivel comunitario una estrategia adecuada para mitigar los sesgos de la representación tradicional? Dado que estos sesgos afectan más a los sectores populares, ¿puede la participación comunitaria ser un mecanismo de igualación, al aumentar su propensión a participar y por tanto su capacidad de incidencia? (Przeworski, 2018; Mair, 2017; Mansbridge, 2011, Durston, 2001). Con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Cultura Política y Prácticas Ciudadanas (2012), el trabajo analiza –utilizando métodos cuantitativos- los perfiles sociopolíticos de los ciudadanos mexicanos y su propensión a participar en asuntos públicos, y concluye que, de no equilibrarse las desigualdades socioeconómicas previas, o no adoptarse metodologías deliberativas que permitan expresar su voz a sectores desfavorecidos, la democracia participativa, lejos de eliminarla, pudiera profundizar la brecha de representación ya existente.
Nayib Bukele: populismo e implosión democrática
Authors: Roque Ricardo 
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo presenta explora la figura del presidente populista Nayib Bukele, quien ocupa la presidencia de El Salvador desde el primero de junio de 2019. En primer lugar, da cuenta del escenario que explica su ascenso en el marco de la crisis del régimen político que surgió de los Acuerdos de Paz en 1992. En segundo lugar, recorre la carrera de este personaje desde su emergencia al interior del FMLN hasta su lanzamiento de su candidatura populista enfrentado a la clase política. Finalmente, intenta valorar las implicaciones de la deriva autoritaria de su gobierno para el futuro democrático de El Salvador.
Considerations Concerning the Oldest Stands from Banatului Mountains, Romania
Authors: Gansac Voichita Timis , Dinca Lucian , Cheregi Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

The present study was realized in Banatului Mountains (Romanian Carpathians) within Nera, Caransebeș and Băile Herculane Forest Districts, based on forest management plans from 1991-2008 and has led to the identification of 394 stand elements older than 200 years. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the trees’ main qualitative characteristics (age), the stands’ structural characteristics (consistency, composition, average diameter and average height) as well as the stational characteristics (altitude, slope, soil type). The main focus was to identify the oldest stands from Banatului Mountains.
The present paper presents the oldest 18 stands as well as their most representative characteristics: diameter, height, consistency, slope, altitude, soil, site and structure. The oldest stand identified in this area is a 260-year-old common beech stand from Nera with heights between 36-38 meters and a diameter of 98 meters. Furthermore, it has been observed that common beech stands have a normal consistency, while their structure is relatively uneven-age. The research has shown that the surface occupied by old common beech stands that have reached their exploitability age is of 60.978 ha, namely 13% of the total surface of these forests. The site conditions where they are spread are characterised by preponderantly Northeast and South-West expositions, fields with slopes of 21-30 degrees, average altitudes of 900-1000 m, eutric cambisol and luvisol soils and medium and superior reliability sites.
Women, Islamic Boarding Schools, and Communications: Interpersonal Approach of Islamic Boarding School Leadership
Authors: Putra D.I. Ansusa , Maspika Sandi , Maghfiroh Umdatul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The reality of pesantren that is identical with Kyai and masculinity is caused by a gender bias towards women's leadership. Women are deemed incapable of being communication leaders to mobilize Islamic Boarding school activities. Contrary to that, this article aims to prove that women's leadership communication patterns can positively impact pesantren activities, even though a female leader faces several problems at the Islamic boarding school. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method based on the leadership observation of Dra. Tiaman at the Ummul Masakin Islamic Boarding School, Jambi. This study also uses in-depth interview techniques and data documentation related to the themes: 1) Leadership, 2) Communication, and 3) Islamic boarding schools. The article reveals that the leadership of women in Islamic boarding schools can positively impact the development of the students' personality and the activities of the Islamic Boarding School because interpersonal communication patterns dominate the communication patterns that are built. Women have the power of wisdom to drive positive things and minimize negative things, such as conflicts or disharmony problems, especially in Islamic educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools.
Abstrak: Realitas pesantren yang identik dengan kiyai dan maskulinitas disebabkan oleh bias gender terhadap kepemimpinan perempuan. Perempuan dianggap tidak cakap menjadi communication leader untuk menggerakkan aktifitas kepesantrenan. Bertentangan dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pola komunikasi kepemimpinan perempuan mampu memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap aktifitas pesantren, meskipun terdapat berberapa problematika yang dihadapi oleh seorang pemimpin perempuan di pondok pesantren. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dari observasi kepemimpinan Dra. Tiaman di pondok pesantren Ummul Masakin, Jambi. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi data yang berkaitan dengan tema: 1) Kepemimpinan, 2) Komunikasi, dan 3) Pondok pesantren. Artikel menyimpulkan bahwa Kepemimpinan perempuan di pondok pesantren dapat memberikan dampak positif kepada pengembangan kepribadian santri dan aktifitas kepesantrenan karena pola komunikasi yang dibangun yang didominasi oleh pola komunikasi interpersonal. Hal ini disebabkan perempuan memiliki kekuatan wisdom yang mampu menggerakkan hal positif dan meminimalisir hal negative, seperti konflik atau problem disharmoni khususnya pada lembaga pendidikan Islam seperti pesantren.
Kata-kata kunci: Pola Komunikasi, Pemimpin Perempuan, Pondok Pesantren
STRENGTHENING THE QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES (HR) IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN MADRASAH
Authors: Zaini Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

This article aims to strengthen the improvement of human resources both in knowledge and skills, which are very important in improving the quality of Islamic education itself. In this era of global competition, education is experiencing a shift in orientation that places complete human development through education and training with various types, levels, characteristics, and forms. The formation of Indonesian human education is idealized to be the culmination of achieving national education, which has been the dream of the Indonesian nation. The idolized personal figure of education has not yet been produced, so educational institutions are used as alternative expectations in increasing reliable human resources, as the main instrument of the humanizing process, namely respecting and giving freedom of opinion and expression so that the voice will be more comprehensive. The pattern of strengthening educational leadership in improving human resources must continue to be pursued through Islamic education in madrasah. Both developments are carried out through leadership in madrasah, which are supported by strengthening institutional capacity, business networks, and bureaucratic networks, which are ideal goals for all institutions. Intermediate education is the management of the headmaster of Madrasah, the management ability of the headmaster of Madrasah must be able to make plans. Strengthening the curriculum applied in educational institutions, especially in Madrasah, is a decentralized curriculum. Professional teachers will have a high commitment and are accompanied by abilities according to their field of expertise. Teacher competence in implementing learning programs is indeed a very influential teacher position on the quality of education. The education budget (funding) in Madrasah is often a very acute and ongoing problem because of the source of the funds. Optimizing cooperation between the madrasah and parents.
DAMPAK PEMBELAJARAN DARING DAN PSHYCAL DISTANCING TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN MAHASISWA KEBIDANAN STIKES MUHAMMADIYAH SIDRAP ERA COVID-19
Authors: Hasriani St. 
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 in a short time spread to almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. The impact of Covid-19 is very dangerous, in Indonesia taking preventive steps, namely Pshycal distancing is a policy that has an impact on decisions regarding online learning. This policy is to minimize and suppress the spread of Covid-19. Studying online is not easy. Difficulties arise not only in terms of skill in using technology, but by adding a large quota and not having a laptop. This research aims to determine the impact of online learning and Pshycal distancing on the anxiety level of midwifery students. The method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were the midwifery students of STIKES Muhammadiyah Sidrap. Sampling was done by random sampling. The criteria for the sample were midwifery students who were still active and following online learning. ZSAS research instrument. The research questionnaire uses Google Form through online media. Dianalisi using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between the two variables. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 24.0. The results of the analysis show that online learning carried out at STIKES Muhammadiyah Sidrap was obtained by students who did not agree with online learning (83.3%) because of obstacles in using learning applications, namely students did not have a quota (47.9%) and difficult Internet networks (41.7%). While students tend to experience severe anxiety (50.0%) and moderate (29%) It can be concluded that there is an effect of online learning and Pshycal distancing on student anxiety. Criticism can appear in various stages of lectures, so it is important for research related to differences in the degree of anxiety of early and late students.
GAMBARAN PERSEPSI REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG BAHAYA PEROKOK PASIF TERHADAP FUNGSI REPRODUKSI WANITA DI SMAN 1 GALIS PAMEKASAN
Authors: Meylanzharie Zhulvie 
Published: June 2021

Cigarette smoke inhaled by passive smokers (not smoking) is as dangerous as cigarettes and smoke inhaled by active smokers (smoking). Therefore, the diseases suffered by passive smoking are almost the same as those suffered by active smokers. The impact of smoking on secondhand smoke can interfere with female reproductive functions such as cervical cancer, breast cancer, etc. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of young women about the dangers of passive smoking on women's reproductive function.
The research method used is descriptive. The study population was 315 girls at SMAN 1 Galis Pamekasan. The sample consisted of 176 people with stratified random sampling technique. The variable used is a single variable, namely the perception of young women. Data collection using a Likert scale questionnaire.The results showed that 176 adolescent girls (55.7%) had a positive perception of the dangers of passive smoking on female reproductive function.The conclusion of this study is that young women have positive perceptions about the dangers of passive smoking on female reproductive function. Efforts made are that young women are trying hard to avoid cigarette smoke, the school has made strict and strict rules about prohibiting smoking in the school environment by giving heavier sanctions such as calling parents of students, and the family making changes to smoking habits in the house, etc.
The impact of security control on business-to-consumer electronic commerce
Authors: Chen Kuo Lane , Lee Huei , Mayer Bradley W. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the security control techniques and its impact on Internet purchasing and electronic commerce. Various security-control techniques for e-commerce are: (1) authentication (2) encryption (3) electronic payment systems (4) internal security management, and (5) non-electronic payment options. A survey from three universities in three different states was conducted. Results suggest that students have general knowledge about security techniques used by businesses but they are not as familiar with electronic payment systems. Students, however, prefer entering credit card information on the Internet after they decide to purchase a product via the Internet.