bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-Enhancing Physical Activity in Europe—Combined Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Guideline Adherence Among 280,605 Adults From 28 European Countries
Authors: Bennie Jason A. , Wiesner Glen H. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Compared with engaging in aerobic physical activity (aerobic PA; eg, walking, running, cycling) or muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE; eg, weight/resistance training) alone, epidemiological evidence suggests that combining both is linked to better health. However, the assessment of both PA modes is rare in health surveillance. This article provides the first multicountry study on the descriptive epidemiology of combined moderate to vigorous PA–MSE guideline adherence. Methods: Data were drawn from the European Health Interview Survey wave 2 (2013–2014), comprising samples from 28 European countries (n = 280,605). Self-reported aerobic PA and MSE were assessed using the validated European Health Interview Survey Physical Activity Questionnaire. The authors calculated the weighted proportions meeting the health-enhancing PA guideline (aerobic PA ≥ 150 min/wk and MSE ≥ 2 sessions/wk). Poisson regression assessed the prevalence ratios for meeting the combined guideline across sociodemographic factors and by country. Results: A total of 15.0% met the health-enhancing PA guideline. The lowest prevalence was from respondents from Southern and Central European countries (Romania, Poland, and Croatia, range: 0.5%–5.7%). Poorer self-rated health, older age, lower income, being female, and being obese had a lower likelihood of meeting the combined guideline. Conclusions: Most European adults do not meet the health-enhancing PA guideline that includes both aerobic PA and MSE.
An Internet of Medical Things-Based Model for Real-Time Monitoring and Averting Stroke Sensors
Authors: Almarzouki Hatim Z. , Alsulami Hemaid , Rizwan Ali , Basingab Mohammed S. , Bukhari Hatim , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

In recent years, neurological diseases have become a standout amongst all the other diseases and are the most important reasons for mortality and morbidity all over the world. The current study’s aim is to conduct a pilot study for testing the prototype of the designed glove-wearable technology that could detect and analyze the heart rate and EEG for better management and avoiding stroke consequences. The qualitative, clinical experimental method of assessment was explored by incorporating use of an IoT-based real-time assessing medical glove that was designed using heart rate-based and EEG-based sensors. We conducted structured interviews with 90 patients, and the results of the interviews were analyzed by using the Barthel index and were grouped accordingly. Overall, the proportion of patients who followed proper daily heart rate recording behavior went from 46.9% in the first month of the trial to 78.2% after 3–10 months of the interventions. Meanwhile, the percentage of individuals having an irregular heart rate fell from 19.5% in the first month of the trial to 9.1% after 3–10 months of intervention research. In T5, we found that delta relative power decreased by 12.1% and 5.8% compared with baseline at 3 and at 6 months and an average increase was 24.3 ± 0.08. Beta-1 remained relatively steady, while theta relative power grew by 7% and alpha relative power increased by 31%. The T1 hemisphere had greater mean values of delta and theta relative power than the T5 hemisphere. For alpha (

p

< 0.05) and beta relative power, the opposite pattern was seen. The distinction was statistically significant for delta (

p

< 0.001), alpha (

p

< 0.01), and beta-1 (

p

< 0.05) among T1 and T5 patient groups. In conclusion, our single center-based study found that such IoT-based real-time medical monitoring devices significantly reduce the complexity of real-time monitoring and data acquisition processes for a healthcare provider and thus provide better healthcare management. The emergence of significant risks and controlling mechanisms can be improved by boosting the awareness. Furthermore, it identifies the high-risk factors besides facilitating the prevention of strokes. The EEG-based brain-computer interface has a promising future in upcoming years to avert DALY.
ZIP9 Is a Druggable Determinant of Sex Differences in Melanoma
Authors: Aguirre-Portolés Cristina , Payne Riley , Trautz Aspen , Foskett J. Kevin , Natale Christopher A. , Seykora John T. , Ridky Todd W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Melanoma and most other cancers occur more frequently and have worse prognosis in males compared with females. Although sex steroids are thought to be involved, classical androgen and estrogen receptors are not detectable in most melanomas. Here we show that testosterone promotes melanoma proliferation by activating ZIP9 (SLC39A9), a zinc transporter that is widely expressed in human melanoma but not intentionally targeted by available therapeutics. This testosterone activity required an influx of zinc, activation of MAPK, and nuclear translocation of YAP. FDA-approved inhibitors of the classical androgen receptor also inhibited ZIP9, thereby antagonizing the protumorigenic effects of testosterone in melanoma. In male mice, androgen receptor inhibitors suppressed growth of ZIP9-expressing melanomas but had no effect on isogenic melanomas lacking ZIP9 or on melanomas in females. These data suggest that ZIP9 might be effectively targeted in melanoma and other cancers by repurposing androgen receptor inhibitors that are currently approved only for prostate cancer.

Significance:
Testosterone signaling through ZIP9 mediates some of the sex differences in melanoma, and drugs that target AR can be repurposed to block ZIP9 and inhibit melanoma in males.
Axonal Injury Partially Mediates Associations Between Increased Left Ventricular Mass Index and White Matter Damage
Authors: Moore Elizabeth E. , Khan Omair A. , Shashikumar Niranjana , Pechman Kimberly R. , Liu Dandan , Bell Susan P. , Nair Sangeeta , Terry James G. , Gifford Katherine A. , Anderson Adam W. , Landman Bennett A. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hohman Timothy J. , Carr John Jeffrey , Jefferson Angela L. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Left ventricular (LV) mass index is a marker of subclinical LV remodeling that relates to white matter damage in aging, but molecular pathways underlying this association are unknown. This study assessed if LV mass index related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of microglial activation (sTREM2 [soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2]), axonal injury (NFL [neurofilament light]), neurodegeneration (total-tau), and amyloid-β, and whether these biomarkers partially accounted for associations between increased LV mass index and white matter damage. We hypothesized higher LV mass index would relate to greater CSF biomarker levels, and these pathologies would partially mediate associations with cerebral white matter microstructure.

Methods:

Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance, lumbar puncture, and diffusion tensor imaging (n=142, 72±6 years, 37% mild cognitive impairment [MCI], 32%
APOE
-ε4 positive, LV mass index 51.4±8.1 g/m
2
, NFL 1070±588 pg/mL) were included. Linear regressions and voxel-wise analyses related LV mass index to each biomarker and diffusion tensor imaging metrics, respectively. Follow-up models assessed interactions with MCI and
APOE
-ε
4
. In models where LV mass index significantly related to a biomarker and white matter microstructure, we assessed if the biomarker mediated white matter associations.

Results:

Among all participants, LV mass index was unrelated to CSF biomarkers (
P
>0.33). LV mass index interacted with MCI (
P
=0.01), such that higher LV mass index related to increased NFL among MCI participants. Associations were also present among
APOE
-ε4 carriers (
P
=0.02). NFL partially mediated up to 13% of the effect of increased LV mass index on white matter damage.

Conclusions:

Subclinical cardiovascular remodeling, measured as an increase in LV mass index, is associated with neuroaxonal degeneration among individuals with MCI and
APOE
-ε4. Neuroaxonal degeneration partially reflects associations between higher LV mass index and white matter damage. Findings highlight neuroaxonal degeneration, rather than amyloidosis or microglia, may be more relevant in pathways between structural cardiovascular remodeling and white matter damage.
Uncertainties and Controversies in the Management of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Kasner Scott E. , Lattanzi Simona , Fonseca Ana Catarina , Elgendy Akram Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of patent foramen ovale closure over medical therapy alone for patients who have had a stroke that has been attributed to the patent foramen ovale. Nevertheless, there are many areas of uncertainty and controversy related to patient selection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. We summarize the available data on these challenging topics and attempt to provide some clarity and future directions for clinicians and investigators.
The Challenges of Coal Phaseout: Coal Plant Development and Foreign Finance in Indonesia and Vietnam
Authors: Gao Xue , Davidson Michael , Busby Joshua , Shearer Christine , Eisenman Joshua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal coal use must be phased out if we are to minimize temperature increases associated with climate change. Most new coal plants are being built in the Asia Pacific and rely on overseas finance, with Indonesia and Vietnam the leading recipients. However, the politics of coal plant finance are changing, with many projects cancelled in recent years. This article explores the factors that led to coal plant cancellations in Vietnam and Indonesia. Based on new data of coal plant finance and elite interviews, we find fuel switching, public opposition, and national planning were the dominant reasons for cancellations in Vietnam, while Indonesia’s reasons were more diverse. Vietnam also had a larger number of cancellations than Indonesia, which has a more entrenched domestic coal mining sector. These findings suggest that Vietnam is farther along the coal phaseout agenda than Indonesia. We further provide provisional explanations for these patterns.
The Temporal Dynamics of Spontaneous Emotional Brain States and Their Implications for Mental Health
Authors: Kragel Philip A. , Hariri Ahmad R. , LaBar Kevin S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Temporal processes play an important role in elaborating and regulating emotional responding during routine mind wandering. However, it is unknown whether the human brain reliably transitions among multiple emotional states at rest and how psychopathology alters these affect dynamics. Here, we combined pattern classification and stochastic process modeling to investigate the chronometry of spontaneous brain activity indicative of six emotions (anger, contentment, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and a neutral state. We modeled the dynamic emergence of these brain states during resting-state fMRI and validated the results across two population cohorts—the Duke Neurogenetics Study and the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Our findings indicate that intrinsic emotional brain dynamics are effectively characterized as a discrete-time Markov process, with affective states organized around a neutral hub. The centrality of this network hub is disrupted in individuals with psychopathology, whose brain state transitions exhibit greater inertia and less frequent resetting from emotional to neutral states. These results yield novel insights into how the brain signals spontaneous emotions and how alterations in their temporal dynamics contribute to compromised mental health.
The Constitution’s Guarantee of Legal Accountability for Jurisdictions
Authors: Hammond Emily 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article argues that the Constitution’s entrenched provision for judicial review may be understood as a guarantee of legal accountability for a specific class of governmental powers, namely, powers whose exercise has a legal effect on rights and obligations (‘jurisdictions’). The paper’s argument is prompted by the observations in Kaldas v Barbour (2017) 350 ALR 292; [2017] NSWCA 275 on the class of administrative actions that are amenable to entrenched judicial review of State powers. The article shows that the application of this understanding to entrenched review of Commonwealth powers has significant explanatory value. It casts new light on two puzzling features of entrenched review of Commonwealth powers: The discrimen between executive and judicial power that underpins a separation of powers rationale for entrenched review of Commonwealth executive action and the demarcation between s 75(iii) and s 75(v) injunctions against Commonwealth officers. Viewing entrenched review as a guarantee of legal accountability for jurisdictions prompts new insights into its constitutional rationale and its specific contribution to government under law.
Hospital to Home: Supporting the Transition From Hospital to Home for Older Adults
Authors: Barber Brittany , Weeks Lori , Steeves-Dorey Lexie , McVeigh Wendy , Stevens Susan , Moody Elaine , Warner Grace 
Published: October 2021

Background An increasing proportion of older adults experience avoidable hospitalizations, and some are potentially entering long-term care homes earlier and often unnecessarily. Older adults often lack adequate support to transition from hospital to home, without access to appropriate health services when they are needed in the community and resources to live safely at home. Purpose This study collaborated with an existing enhanced home care program called Home Again in Nova Scotia, to identify factors that contribute to older adult patients being assessed as requiring long-term care when they could potentially return home with enhanced supports. Methods Using a case study design, this study examined in-depth experiences of multiple stakeholders, from December 2019 to February 2020, through analysis of nine interviews for three focal patient cases including older adult patients, their family or friend caregivers, and healthcare professionals. Results Findings indicate home care services for older adults are being sought too late, after hospital readmission, or a rapid decline in health status when family caregivers are already experiencing caregiver burnout. Limitations in home care services led to barriers preventing family caregivers from continuing to care for older adults at home. Conclusions This study contributes knowledge about gaps within home care and transitional care services, highlighting the importance of investing in additional home care services for rehabilitation and prevention of rapidly deteriorating health.
Effects of Lifestyle Intervention on Inflammatory Markers and Waist Circumference in Overweight/Obese Adults With Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rahimi Gholam Rasul Mohammad , Yousefabadi Heidar Alizaei , Niyazi Arghavan , Rahimi Nasser Mohammad , Alikhajeh Yaser 
Published: October 2021

Background: Physical inactivity and an imbalanced diet could lead to some cardio metabolic risk factors. Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of lifestyle modification on inflammatory indicators and waist circumference (WC) in overweight/obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) Data sources: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Study selection: The selection criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of lifestyle interventions on inflammation and WC from inception to 20 December 2020. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between interventions were computed using a random or fixed-effects model. Results: Six RCTs (including 1246 MS patients who had, on average, overweight/obesity) met all inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 6 to 12 months (2–5 sessions per week). Lifestyle intervention significantly reduced C-reactive protein (WMD: −0.52 mg/ml, 95% CI: −0.72, −0.33), IL-6 (WMD: −0.50 pg/ml, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.45), and increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.81 µg/ml, 95% CI, 0.64, 0.98). Moreover, lifestyle modification significantly decreased WC (WMD: −3.12 cm, 95% CI, −4.61, −1.62). Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that lifestyle alterations, including physical activity and diet, can lead to significant improvement in abdominal obesity, measured by WC and some inflammation markers among overweight/obese individuals with MS. Further high-quality research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effect of such interventions on this population’s inflammatory markers.
Psychological Characteristics of Recipients Pretransplantation in the Dallas UtErus Transplant Study (DUETS)
Authors: Warren Ann Marie , McMinn Kenleigh , Testa Giuliano , Wall Anji E. , Saracino Giovanna , Waddimba Anthony C. , Johannesson Liza 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Uterus transplantation is now a viable option for fertility treatment for women with absolute uterine factor infertility. Psychological assessment is recommended as a part of the perioperative evaluation process. Research Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological characteristics and mental health history of the 20 women who participated in the Dallas UtErus Transplant Study (DUETS) trial. Design This retrospective observational descriptive study was part of a prospective clinical trial. Prior to transplant, 20 women completed a clinical psychological interview, 19 of whom also completed psychological assessment measures including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 item, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 item, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, 36-Item Short Form, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 item, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results Women who participated in the trial had high health-related quality of life and minimal psychological history, with most reporting psychological distress associated with their initial infertility diagnosis (N = 13). None of the participants endorsed psychological distress to meet clinical concerns on the psychological measures used. Satisfaction with relationship adjustment with their partners was also high. Conclusions Women with absolute uterine factor infertility who underwent uterus transplant demonstrated low psychological distress on assessment measures, were resilient, had high health related quality of life, and strong satisfaction with the quality of relationships with their partners. Although some women reported either current or past psychological diagnosis, most reported psychological distress that occurred at the time of the infertility diagnosis and appeared to resolve over time.
Virtual Reality Treatment Displaying the Missing Leg Improves Phantom Limb Pain: A Small Clinical Trial
Authors: Ambron Elisabetta , Buxbaum Laurel J. , Miller Alexander , Stoll Harrison , Kuchenbecker Katherine J. , Coslett H. Branch 
Published: October 2021

Background Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a common and in some cases debilitating consequence of upper- or lower-limb amputation for which current treatments are inadequate. Objective This small clinical trial tested whether game-like interactions with immersive VR activities can reduce PLP in subjects with transtibial lower-limb amputation. Methods Seven participants attended 5–7 sessions in which they engaged in a visually immersive virtual reality experience that did not require leg movements (Cool! TM), followed by 10–12 sessions of targeted lower-limb VR treatment consisting of custom games requiring leg movement. In the latter condition, they controlled an avatar with 2 intact legs viewed in a head-mounted display (HTC Vive TM). A motion-tracking system mounted on the intact and residual limbs controlled the movements of both virtual extremities independently. Results All participants except one experienced a reduction of pain immediately after VR sessions, and their pre session pain levels also decreased over the course of the study. At a group level, PLP decreased by 28% after the treatment that did not include leg movements and 39.6% after the games requiring leg motions. Both treatments were successful in reducing PLP. Conclusions This VR intervention appears to be an efficacious treatment for PLP in subjects with lower-limb amputation.
Retrograde Angiography to Detect Dropped Thrombus in Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Aoki Kazuaki , Miura Yoichi , Toma Naoki , Suzuki Yume , Fujimoto Masashi , Shiba Masato , Yasuda Ryuta , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: October 2021

Objective The risk of embolization to distal territory or to new territory in mechanical thrombectomy remains a major issue despite advancements in technological device. This condition can be caused by a large and firm dropped thrombus without passing through a guiding catheter during stent retriever or aspiration catheter withdrawal. This report introduced a novel technique referred to as retrograde angiography to detect dropped thrombus. Methods The retrograde angiography to detect dropped thrombus technique is a kind of retrograde angiography that consists of a contrast medium injection via a distal microcatheter and aspiration through an inflated balloon-guiding catheter. This method was used to detect dropped thrombus at the balloon-guiding catheter tip when back flow was blocked from the balloon-guiding catheter after stent retriever or aspiration catheter withdrawal. We retrospectively reviewed four consecutive patients who underwent the retrograde angiography to detect dropped thrombus technique during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation between January 2018 and January 2021. Results Three of four patients had dropped thrombus, which was diagnosed with the technique and retrieved completely with subsequent procedures while maintaining the balloon-guiding catheter inflated. None of the patients experienced embolization to distal territory/embolization to new territory, and a successful reperfusion was achieved in all four cases. Conclusions The retrograde angiography to detect dropped thrombus is a technique to detect a dropped thrombus at the balloon-guiding catheter tip and allows us to retrieve it with subsequent mechanical thrombectomy procedures while maintaining the balloon-guiding catheter inflated and it may be useful for reducing the risk of embolization to distal territory/embolization to new territory.