bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19: The future of nursing will determine the fate of our health services
Authors: Catton Howard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPreparing the world to manage future pandemics must take priority. It is clear that we were not prepared for the COVID‐19 pandemic which continues to cause great suffering around the world. Nurses and other health professionals everywhere must be involved in health policy planning and implementation of public health measures to combat this and future pandemics. Such preparation needs community policy involvement at grassroots levels and needs to be collaboratively instigated at international levels. The death so far of over 2000 nurses is unacceptable in this pandemic, and we need to better protect and sustain the workforce. The International Council of Nurses has been instrumental in data gathering of nurses' experiences during COVID‐19. Key points from analysis of this data have been included in Second Progress Report of the World Health Organization's Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response. This paper summarises the key messages from this report, as well as the nursing shortage. The International Council of Nurses resounds the call for massive investment in nursing education, leadership and jobs, as well as protection for our nurses on the frontlines of the pandemic.
Hybrid alginate–copper sulfate textile coating for coronavirus inactivation
Authors: Bataglioli Rogério A. , Rocha Neto João B. M. , Calais Guilherme B. , Lopes Laise M. , Tsukamoto Junko , de Moraes Ana P. , Arns Clarice W. , Beppu Marisa M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe sanitary crisis caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 has increased the demand for bioactive materials to mitigate coronavirus spread. The use of masks has been reported as an essential strategy to prevent coronavirus transmission, but they can become contaminated rapidly after use. Metals species containing compounds, especially those from the copper group, present properties that can be explored to suppress viral activity. Natural polymers, like alginate, can improve biocompatibility and adjust metal ion availability on hybrid coatings. This study assesses iron, copper, silver, and gold salts and their combination with biopolymers to design surfaces with virucidal properties. Viral inactivation assays with MHV‐3 coronavirus strain and cytotoxicity tests with L929 cells were conducted to the hybrid coatings on polypropylene masks. These coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance device, and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Multilayer coatings of alginate–copper sulfate presented 99.99% viral inactivation in a timely release of copper ions.
Use of plants by Myzus persicae in agroecosystems: Potential applications in conservation biological control
Authors: Zumoffen Leticia , Carla Ghiglione , Signorini Marcelo , Salvo Adriana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMyzus persicae (Sulzer) is a highly polyphagous aphid species that attacks several economically important crop plants. Here, trophic webs involving M. persicae, its host plants and its parasitoids were described and quantified in wheat, oat and alfalfa agroecosystems from central Argentina, with special emphasis on the sub‐habitats where interactions occur: crops and adjacent field margins. Three fields cultivated with each crop species and their margins were sampled during three years; aphid abundance and mummification percentage were compared among crop plants and the diverse natural vegetation in the borders. Interactions were described using a quantitative food web approach, and abundance and mummification percentage e data were analysed using a generalized linear model. Four plant species present in the borders (Capsella bursa‐pastori, Rapistrum sp., Melilotus sp. and Trifolium repens) hosted M. persicae and its parasitoids. The alfalfa agroecosystem produced a significantly higher number of aphids than oat and wheat; however, in all cases, crops and borders sustained similar aphid abundance. A total of six Aphidiinae species attacked M. persicae, with no significant differences in the richness of parasitoid species between the borders and the crops, but with significant differences in parasitoid abundance, being higher in the crops. Mummification percentage were higher in crops than in the borders, with Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Aphidius colemani and A. ervi being the most abundant species. Almost 70% of M. persicae individuals were collected from fields borders, which highlights the importance of including these sites in studies of trophic interactions in crop fields.
Osmotic dehydration under low agitation laminar flow condition: Effect on dielectric properties of broccoli stalk slices at 2.45 GHz
Authors: Md Salim Nora Salina , Garièpy Yvan , Raghavan Vijaya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe variation in dielectric constant, ε′ and the loss factor, ε″ of broccoli stalk slices after osmotic dehydration process conducted under continuous solution circulation with low agitation laminar flow condition was studied using open‐ended coaxial probe technique at 2.45 GHz. The results showed that both ε′ and ε″ were significantly influenced by all the osmotic dehydration operating variables. The relationship of osmotic dehydration operating variables on the dielectric properties of the broccoli stalk slices could be established by second‐order polynomial model, with the coefficient of determination higher than .9. Compared to fresh sample, the ε′ decreases and ε″ increases when broccoli stalk is subjected to the osmotic dehydration pretreatment under its optimum conditions of mass transfer exchange process. Higher dissipation factor with shorter penetration depth was obtained after osmotic pretreatment, which could facilitate absorption of energy during microwave drying of broccoli stalk slices.Practical ApplicationsDielectric properties are key factors to understand the interaction of microwaves with food materials. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in osmotic dehydration used as pretreatment prior to microwave drying to achieve faster drying time and improves the final product quality. As osmotic dehydration process will cause a change in the dielectric properties of the food material and its ability to absorb microwaves energy, this work investigated the effects of osmotic dehydration on the dielectric properties of broccoli stalk slices at 2.45 GHz. The osmo‐pretreated sample improved the dielectric properties which result in rapid heating and therefore lead to fast drying process. The information provided in this study is helpful in the development of dried broccoli stalk slices using microwave drying.
Microglial synaptic pruning on axon initial segment spines of dentate granule cells: Sexually dimorphic effects of early‐life stress and consequences for adult fear response
Authors: Zetter Mario A. , Hernández Vito S. , Roque Angélica , Hernández‐Pérez Oscar R. , Gómora María J. , Ruiz‐Velasco Silvia , Eiden Lee E. , Zhang Limei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAxon initial segments (AIS) of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus exhibit prominent spines (AISS) during early development that are associated with microglial contacts. In the present study, we investigated whether developmental changes in AISS could be modified by early‐life stress (ELS), specifically neonatal maternal separation (MS), through stress hormones and microglial activation and examined the potential behavioural consequences. We examined AISS at postnatal day (PND)5, 15 and 50, using Golgi‐Cox staining and anatomical analysis. Neurone‐microglial interaction was assessed using antibodies against ankyrin‐G, PSD‐95 and Iba1, for AIS, AISS and microglia visualisation, respectively, in normally reared and neonatal maternally separated male and female rats. We observed a higher density of AISS in ELS rats at both PND15 and PND50 compared to controls. Effects were more pronounced in females than males. AIS‐associated microglia in ELS rats showed a hyper‐ramified morphology and less co‐localisation with PSD‐95 compared to controls at PND15. ELS‐associated alteration in microglial morphology and synaptic pruning was mimicked by treatment of acute hippocampal slices of normally reared rats with vasopressin. ELS rats exhibited increased freezing behaviour during auditory fear memory testing, which was more pronounced in female subjects and corresponded with increased Fos expression in dorsal and ventral dentate granule cells. Thus, microglial synaptic pruning in dentate AIS of hippocampus is influenced by ELS, with demonstrable sex bias regarding its anatomical characteristics and subsequent fear‐induced defensive behaviours.
Mixing gene pools to prevent inbreeding issues in translocated populations of clonal species
Authors: Van Rossum Fabienne , Le Pajolec Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAssisted gene flow by plant translocations is increasingly implemented for restoring populations of critically endangered species. The success in restoring genetically healthy populations may depend on translocation design, in particular the choice of the source populations. Highly clonal populations may show low genetic diversity despite large census sizes, and disrupted and geitonogamous pollination may result in selfing and inbreeding issues in the offspring intended for translocation. We carried out a genetic monitoring of translocated populations of the clonal Dianthus deltoides using 14 microsatellite markers and quantified fitness traits over two generations (transplants, F1 seed progeny and newly established individuals). Inbreeding levels were higher in the offspring used as transplants than in the adult generation of the source populations, as a result of high clonality and pollination disruption leading to self‐pollination. The F1 generation in translocated populations showed high genetic diversity maintained across generations, diminished inbreeding levels, low genetic differentiation, pollen flow and genetic mixing between the four sources. New individuals were established from seed germination. Fitness patterns were a combination of inbreeding depression in inbred transplants and F1 progeny, heterosis in admixed F1 progeny, source population adaptive capacities, phenotypic plasticity, maternal effects and site environmental specificities. The strategy in the translocation design to mix several local sources, combined with large founding population sizes and ecological management has proved success in initiating the processes leading to the establishment of genetically healthy populations, even when source populations are highly clonal with low genetic diversity leading to inbreeding issues in the transplants.
Rice contains a biosynthetic gene cluster associated with production of the casbane‐type diterpenoid phytoalexin ent‐10‐oxodepressin
Authors: Liang Jin , Shen Qinqin , Wang Liping , Liu Jiang , Fu Jingye , Zhao Le , Xu Meimei , Peters Reuben J. , Wang Qiang 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Diterpenoids play important roles in rice microbial disease resistance as phytoalexins, as well as acting in allelopathy and abiotic stress responses. Recently, the casbane‐type phytoalexin ent‐10‐oxodepressin was identified in rice, but its biosynthesis has not yet been elucidated.

Here ent‐10‐oxodepressin biosynthesis was investigated via co‐expression analysis and biochemical characterisation, with use of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for genetic analysis.

The results identified a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) on rice chromosome 7 (c7BGC), containing the relevant ent‐casbene synthase (OsECBS), and four cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the CYP71Z subfamily. Three of these CYPs were shown to act on ent‐casbene, with CYP71Z2 able to produce a keto group at carbon‐5 (C5), while the closely related paralogues CYP71Z21 and CYP71Z22 both readily produce a keto group at C10. Together these C5 and C10 oxidases can elaborate ent‐casbene to ent‐10‐oxodepressin (5,10‐diketo‐ent‐casbene). OsECBS knockout lines no longer produce casbane‐type diterpenoids and exhibit impaired resistance to the rice fungal blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae.

Elucidation of ent‐10‐oxodepressin biosynthesis and the associated c7BGC provides not only a potential target for molecular breeding, but also, gives the intriguing parallels to the independently assembled BGCs for casbene‐derived diterpenoids in the Euphorbiaceae, further insight into plant BGC evolution, as discussed here.
Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among North Korean Refugee Women in South Korea: Factors that Distinguish Suicide Attempt from Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Nam Boyoung , Kim Jae Yop , DeVylder Jordan , Kim JoonBeom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNorth Korean Refugee Women (NKRW) are at a high risk for suicide. However, few studies have examined risk factors for suicide among NKRW in South Korea. This study aimed to examine factors increasing risk for suicidal ideation and to identify factors differentiating suicide attempt from ideation among NKRW in South Korea.MethodsA sample of 140 NKRW was analyzed; multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify factors distinguishing respondents with (1) no suicidal ideation, (2) isolated suicidal ideation (without attempts), and (3) ideation with attempts.ResultsAbout 46% of the sample reported suicidal ideation, and about 18% attempted suicide during the past year. NKRW without any suicidal risk had significantly lower levels of social isolation (OR = 0.86, p = 0.02) and less exposure to traumatic events (OR = 0.89, p = 0.02) than those with suicidal ideation. NKRW who attempted suicide were more likely to have higher levels of stress than those with only suicidal ideation (OR = 1.40, p = 0.03).ConclusionThis study provides insights into suicide prevention among refugees and emphasized that post‐migration life stress significantly differentiates suicidal ideation from attempt among NKRW. Intervening to address current life stress, traumatic experiences, and social isolation may help prevent refugee suicidal ideation and further attempt.
Addition and subtraction word problem tasks in reform‐based textbooks
Authors: Ma Xiaojun , Bofferding Laura , Xin Yan Ping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the factors associated with the less than positive mathematics performance of American students could be poorly designed textbooks that fail to facilitate the development of critical mathematical ideas. This study examined two reform‐based textbooks (Go math! and Investigations) in reference to essential, mathematical big ideas emphasized in the Essential Understanding Series (EU) presented by NCTM against the backdrop of mathematics education reform. In particular, we analyzed the features of the lessons for teaching addition and subtraction word problem solving. In some aspects, the results indicated that in terms of teaching problem comprehension and algebra readiness, the two textbook series showed improvement compared to formerly used textbooks. However, both textbook series may fall short of reflecting some important EU big ideas (e.g., teaching the underlying structure and part‐part‐whole relation of addition and subtraction word problems; providing students with chances to deal with exhaustive problem types and situations). In particular, our findings highlight the need for teaching word problem solving through building abstract level conceptual understanding. Implications for future textbook developing and limits are discussed.
What Goes Wrong in Debates over Public Monuments
Authors: Hood S. Brian 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis essay aims to explain the impasse in debates concerning Confederate monuments in public spaces by noting a difference in unstated philosophical assumptions.MethodI examine two positions in this debate, offering an explanation for the inability for opposing sides to engage. The analytical framework has its basis in philosophical debates regarding objectivity in scientific theory selection.ResultsArguably, the impasse in this debate concerns underlying ethical principles: one that assesses morality based on intentions that motivate actions (namely, the motivation for erecting a monument) and one that assesses morality based on consequences of actions (namely, the consequences of removing monuments).ConclusionsThe locus of discussion can shift to these philosophical principles, offering a novel avenue for discussion and, hence, reconciliation. I suggest a fate for Confederate monuments that is responsive to both sides’ concerns and is informed by another country's attempt to reconcile with its troubled past.
The Social Meaning of Competing Memorial Spaces: Examining the Alabama Confederate Memorial Monument and the National Peace and Justice Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama
Authors: J. Evans Jocelyn , Fernandez Bruna 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveIn this article, we consider the materialization of collective memory in monumental architecture, including Confederate monuments.MethodUsing Goodman's typology for uncovering social meaning in the built environment, we consider the material, symbolic, and temporal meanings of two memorial spaces, the Alabama Confederate Memorial Monument and the National Peace and Justice Memorial.ResultsThe analysis uncovers competing social meanings in these two memorials. Attention to the denoted, expressive, and mediated references of these spaces highlights this competing meaning. Rather than an inclusive history, Montgomery presents a case of competing exclusive histories.ConclusionsThere are significant implications for historic preservation and interpretive heritage landscapes when private and nonprofit organizations take action in narrating space that is at odds with narrated space supported by state and local governments. Communities include diverse stakeholders. The evolution of urban growth and development in Montgomery, Alabama, provides a valuable case study for understanding change that is both incremental rather than comprehensive and contradictory rather than cohesive.
Intradermal immunotherapy with actinomycetales preparations as treatment for feline atopic syndrome: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study
Authors: Santoro Domenico , Archer Linda , Fagman Lana 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundFeline atopic syndrome (FAS) is a common disease. Single intradermal injections of heat‐killed actinomycetales have shown beneficial effects in canine allergies.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of heat‐killed actinomycetales [Gordonia bronchialis (GB) and Rodococcus coprophilus (RC)], alone or in combination, in FAS.Methods and materialsPrivately owned cats with a diagnosis of FAS were assigned randomly in three treatment groups (GB, RC and GB/RC combination) or placebo. Five intradermal injections were performed over a one year period. At each visit [Day (D)0, D20, D40, D60, D90, D180 and D365], clinical signs, global owner assessment score, use of rescue medications, clinical adverse effects, skin hydration and cutaneous pH were assessed.ResultsSeventeen cats were enrolled. When compared to the placebo group and improvement in treatment GB was sustained from D90. When compared with D0 significant improvement in the GB group was seen from D60. Over one year, a complete remission of the clinical signs was seen in 30–67% of cats in the treatment groups. A reduction in the pruritus score was seen for RC after 365 days of treatment (P = 0.04). Differences in the other variables were not seen.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe use of multiple intradermal injections of heat‐killed GB shows promise as effective and well‐tolerated treatment for FAS. Because of the low cost and the lack of adverse effects, GB could be a beneficial treatment option for FAS. A larger study is needed to confirm these data and to evaluate the immunological changes occurring in the treated cats.
Parametric Study of the Solidification Process Between Vertical Parallel Plates of a Storage System
Authors: Ismail Kamal A. R. , Leitão Antonio B. V. , Lino Fatima A. M. , Henriquez Jorge R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A conduction model is developed to describe the phase change between the plates of a thermal storage system. The diffusion equation and the associated boundary, initial, and interface conditions are approximated numerically by finite differences and implicit approach with variable time-step. The developed computational code is validated against data and good agreement was found. It is found that the reduction of the surface temperature of the cold plate increases the interface advance rate and reduces the full solidification time. Opposite effects are found due to the increase of the spacing between plates. Further, fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles are mixed with the phase change material (PCM) to enhance the thermal conductivity of the PCM. For 7% volumetric fraction of Al2O3, the full solidification time and latent heat values decreased by 25.5% and 4.5%, respectively.
Handoff improvement and adverse event reduction programme implementation in paediatric intensive care units in Argentina: a stepped-wedge trial
Authors: Jorro-Barón Facundo , Suarez-Anzorena Inés , Burgos-Pratx Rodrigo , De Maio Noelia , Penazzi Matías , Rodriguez Ana Paula , Rodriguez Gisela , Velardez Daniel , Gibbons Luz , Ábalos Silvina , Lardone Silvina , Gallagher Rosario , Olivieri Joaquín , Rodriguez Rocío , Vassallo Juan Carlos , Landry Luis Martín , García-Elorrio Ezequiel 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThere are only a few studies on handoff quality and adverse events (AEs) rigorously evaluating handoff improvement programmes’ effectiveness. None of them have been conducted in low and middle-income countries. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a handoff programme implementation in reducing AE frequency in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs).MethodsFacility-based, cluster-randomised, stepped-wedge trial in six Argentine PICUs in five hospitals, with >20 admissions per month. The study was conducted from July 2018 to May 2019, and all units at least were involved for 3 months in the control period and 4 months in the intervention period. The intervention comprised a Spanish version of the I-PASS handoff bundle consisting of a written and verbal handoff using mnemonics, an introductory workshop with teamwork training, an advertising campaign, simulation exercises, observation and standardised feedback of handoffs. Medical records (MR) were reviewed using trigger tool methodology to identify AEs (primary outcome). Handoff compliance and duration were evaluated by direct observation.ResultsWe reviewed 1465 MRs: 767 in the control period and 698 in the intervention period. We did not observe differences in the rates of preventable AE per 1000 days of hospitalisation (control 60.4 (37.5–97.4) vs intervention 60.4 (33.2–109.9), p=0.99, risk ratio: 1.0 (0.74–1.34)), and no changes in the categories or AE types. We evaluated 841 handoffs: 396 in the control period and 445 in the intervention period. Compliance with all items in the verbal and written handoffs was significantly higher in the intervention group. We observed no difference in the handoff time in both periods (control 35.7 min (29.6–41.8) vs intervention 34.7 min (26.5–42.1); difference 1.43 min (95% CI −2.63 to 5.49, p=0.49)). The providers’ perception of improved communication did not change.ConclusionsAfter the implementation of the I-PASS bundle, compliance with handoff items improved. Nevertheless, no differences were observed in the AEs’ frequency or the perception of enhanced communication.Trial registration numberNCT03924570