bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tuned Berimbaus of OBADX
Authors: Díaz Juan Diego 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 discusses a second berimbau orchestra: the Dainho Xequerê Orchestra of Tuned Berimbaus (OBADX), led by the capoeira Contramestre Dainho Xequerê. With a more eclectic and inclusive approach than the Nzinga orchestra, OBADX keeps a greater distance from capoeira aesthetics, fuses various genres, including pieces of the so-called common practice period (e.g., Ravel’s Bolero), and, crucially, tunes its berimbaus to create melodies in hocket, much in the same way as British and US American handbell choirs, the Central African Republic’s banda linda horn ensembles, or Indonesian angklung groups function. In doing so, OBADX challenges the themes of African rhythmicity and percussiveness, asserting the importance of African melody and harmony in diasporic creation.
Conclusion: Lessons from Essentialism
Authors: Díaz Juan Diego 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This conclusive chapter compares and contrasts the ways in which the musicians and ensembles discussed in the book approach the tropes: sometimes emphasizing them, at others downplaying them, and at yet other times interrupting them. It presents the implications of this study for diaspora studies, Afro-diasporic religion, and the erudite/popular divide in Brazil. It closes by arguing that a conscious and disciplined study of African tropes enables researchers to discover that variety in African diasporic creation is limitless and enables musicians to access an expanded range of musical expression.
The Melancholy Lens
Authors: Pipolo Tony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Melancholy Lens is an original study of the films and videos of five major figures of American avant-garde cinema: Maya Deren, Stan Brakhage, Gregory Markopoulos, Robert Beavers, and Ernie Gehr. Unlike other books on these artists, the approach of The Melancholy Lens is to examine the filmic form, imagery, and structures of the selected works in terms of how they reflect, directly or indirectly, consciously or unconsciously, important aspects of the personal and psychological dimensions of each artist, including how each grappled with significant losses in their lives. The author, a film scholar and practicing psychoanalyst, is in a unique position to consider these filmmakers and their work from such a perspective.
Introduction
Authors: Wenham Clare 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book’s proposal that Zika offers a window for analysing broader themes in global health security: those of perpetuating global-local inequalities and silencing of women in securitised policy, governed by Westphalian and domestic politics. It outlines how the global health security narrative promoted a path dependency which reproduced state security-focused policies of masculine evidence based medicine and short-term response efforts and rendered the everyday lives of those (women) most at risk of the disease invisible. The chapter analyses the lack of gender considerations in global health security policy and further justifies the need for a feminist global health security, through highlighting the ways in which women are differentially infected and affected by infectious disease.
Bordering Places
Authors: Maher Kristen Hill , Carruthers David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains and illustrates four core arguments that contribute to literatures on borders, territorial stigma, and geographies of inequality. They are presented in an accessible way, with stories and illustrations from this region as well as other parts of the world, and they are relevant to any circumstances in which people have mental geographies that divide “good neighborhoods” from “bad” ones. First, the stigmatization and valorization of places are relational processes that contribute to spatialized inequalities. Second, place stigma plays an important role in producing and maintaining asymmetric borders. Third, asymmetric bordering occurs wherever people construct spatial lines demarcating distinction and inequality, at any scale. Fourth, asymmetric borders generate particular dynamics of crossings and contact zones that serve to protect and reinforce inequalities of status.
Images of Place and Race in Historic Tourism Promotion
Authors: Maher Kristen Hill , Carruthers David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tourism has played an important role in shaping the economies and reputations of San Diego and Tijuana. This chapter draws on archival research—including materials such as tourism brochures, maps, guidebooks, and postcards—to examine how tourism boosters have represented Tijuana, especially in relation to neighboring San Diego. This analysis identifies five thematic narratives that emerge, disappear, and reappear over the course of more than a century, as different actors draw upon different meanings of place and race to suit their current needs or agendas. Once created, these narratives live on and remain available for different purposes over time.
The Look of Tijuana
Authors: Maher Kristen Hill , Carruthers David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses photographs to analyze how ordinary people in San Diego visualized the neighboring city of Tijuana in relation to their own. In qualitative interviews, forty-five people sorted a set of photographs from the Tijuana–San Diego borderlands, evaluating them according to how much they thought the images resembled Tijuana and discussing which visual cues led to their conclusions. This process brought to the surface dimensions of a bordered geographic imaginary that reflected implicit, mundane forms of social knowledge that they may not have thought to articulate otherwise. Three overarching and interrelated themes arose inductively from the interviews: dirt, disorder, and economic deprivation. Each of these themes reinforces the border as a marker of inequality, either in terms of class distinction or as part of a neocolonial imaginary about a socially distant “Third World.”
Framing the Neighbors
Authors: Maher Kristen Hill , Carruthers David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How does photojournalism in San Diego represent Tijuana and its residents? This chapter analyzes both articles and photographs in the San Diego Union-Tribune over the course of a decade (2000–2010), using visual methods and a broad heuristic to capture four dimensions of stigmatizing narratives about Tijuana. On one hand, the analysis finds a complex portrait of Tijuana that encompassed not only the expected images from the drug war but also stories from business and daily life that would feel familiar and empathetic to San Diego readers. On the other hand, themes of violence and disorder pervaded much of the content, even on topics unrelated to crime, particularly in headlines and captions. This chapter demonstrates how bordering and debordering representations in local media can coexist in paradoxical ways and how they shift scales from local to national, depending on the topic and framing.
Imagining the Border-City Relationship
Authors: Maher Kristen Hill , Carruthers David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many alternative visions of the border-city relationship between San Diego and Tijuana circulate among local actors. Some visualize an egalitarian, integrated future. Others have various stakes in reinforcing a bordered imaginary that exaggerates asymmetries and obscures complex economic realities on the ground. Bordering can create local opportunities for profit and contribute to the availability of marginalized labor on both sides of the line. Bordering discourse also provides an identity foil for San Diegans who have come to define themselves as superior, in contrast to a Tijuana stigmatized as impoverished, disorderly, corrupt, dirty, and dangerous. The place images of these cities are intertwined, such that more positive representations of Tijuana will require a reimaging of San Diego. Ultimately, this chapter examines the promise of and constraints on developing a more equal shared regional future, a reduction in Tijuana’s place stigma, and a less bordered imaginary.
Quantity and Quality
Authors: Merchant Emily Klancher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 describes the emergence in the 1920s of two scientific approaches to human population. The first, rooted in the natural sciences, suggested that the world was headed for overpopulation, while the second, rooted in vital statistics, suggested that the countries of North America and Western Europe were instead facing imminent depopulation. It demonstrates that the two scientific perspectives supported opposing positions in debates over birth control legalization and immigration restriction. Natural scientists and statisticians from the Americas, Europe, and Asia nonetheless came together in 1928 to form the International Union for the Scientific Investigation of Population Problems (IUSIPP; today the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population or IUSSP). This chapter contends that, although the IUSIPP was unable to survive the rise of fascism in Europe, the political and scientific struggles that tore it apart also laid the foundation for demography in the United States.
Global Population
Authors: Merchant Emily Klancher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 documents the way in which, after World War II, the United Nations Population Division and Population Commission statistically reorganized the world into a series of national populations that could be compared to national economies to promote economic development and that could be aggregated to represent the population of the world as a whole. It contends that this process was initially conceived of as a nation-building project that would promote democracy worldwide by fostering the development of governmental institutions that would simultaneously count populations and constitute self-governing subjects. This effort failed, however, as disputes over sovereignty at local, national, and international levels rendered population data either uncollectable or untrustworthy. Ultimately the UN turned to demographic theory and models to fill in persistent gaps in its data tables, rendering the populations of the world tractable to control by governments and nongovernmental organizations.
Demography as Diplomacy
Authors: Merchant Emily Klancher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 demonstrates how, in the 1950s and 1960s, U.S.-based philanthropic organizations invested in the growth of demography, the social science of human population dynamics, and used demography to convince heads of state of developing countries to integrate family planning programs into their nation-building and economic development agendas. The Population Council and the Ford Foundation established population research and training centers at major U.S. universities, to which they recruited graduate students from developing countries, with the understanding that they would return home after completing their education to advocate for the establishment of family planning programs. These organizations also funded fertility surveys by American demographers in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that promoted small-family norms and the distribution of new systemic contraceptive technologies, specifically the intrauterine device and birth control pill, and documented the existence of what demographers termed “unmet need” for family planning services.
Detonating the Population Bomb
Authors: Merchant Emily Klancher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 documents the fragmentation of what had previously been a consensus regarding global population growth at the end of the 1960s and beginning of the 1970s, resulting in the emergence of two separate factions. The population establishment continued to promote the position of the erstwhile consensus, which held that rapid population growth in developing countries was a barrier to economic development and could be adequately slowed through voluntary family planning programs. The population bombers contended that population growth anywhere in the world posed an immediate existential threat to the natural environment and American national security and needed to be halted through population control measures that demographers had previously rejected as coercive. These two positions went head-to-head at the UN World Population Conference in 1974, where both were rejected by leaders of developing countries.
Epilogue
Authors: Merchant Emily Klancher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The epilogue briefly traces the history of population thought and policy from the 1974 UN World Population Conference to the present. It contends that the real problem with population is that it remains a prominent scapegoat for nearly all of the world’s ills and demonstrates that debates about how to control the growth of the world’s population have largely silenced and co-opted voices that refuse to attribute such pressing problems as poverty and climate change to expanding human numbers. The framing of the world’s complex issues as “the population problem” diverts resources from just and equitable solutions at the expense of the world’s most vulnerable people and of the planet itself.
Between Beats
Authors: Wells Christi Jay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Between Beats: The Jazz Tradition and Black Vernacular Dance explores the complex intersections between jazz music and popular dance over the last hundred-plus years. It aims to show how popular entertainment and cultures of social dancing were crucial to jazz music’s formation and development, but it also investigates the processes through which jazz music came to earn a reputation as a “legitimate” art form better suited for still, seated listening. Through the concept of “choreographies of listening,” the book explores amateur and professional jazz dancers’ relationships with jazz music and musicians as jazz’s soundscapes and choreoscapes were forged through close contact and mutual creative exchange. The book’s later chapters also critically unpack the aesthetic and political negotiations through which jazz music supposedly distanced itself from dancing bodies. As musicians and critics sought to secure institutional space for jazz within America’s body-averse academic and high-art cultures, an intentional severance from the dancing body proved crucial to jazz’s re-positioning as a form of autonomous, elite art. Fusing little-discussed material from diverse historical and contemporary sources with the author’s own years of experience as a social jazz dancer, this book seeks to advance participatory dance and embodied practice as central topics of analysis in jazz studies. As it explores the fascinating history of jazz as popular dance music, this book also exposes how American anxieties about bodies and a broad cultural privileging of the cerebral over the corporeal have shaped efforts to “elevate” expressive forms such as jazz to elite status.
Jazz Music and Its Choreographies of Listening
Authors: Wells Christi Jay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Through an interrogation of hybrid social dance/jazz concert events held in Atlanta in 1938, this chapter presents the book’s guiding questions and methods, which also stem from the author’s own experience as a social jazz dancer. Applying Susan Foster’s model of choreography as a broadly applicable analytic for the socially reinforced structuring of movement in space, it asks how and why jazz audiences’ default listening postures have moved from standing and dancing to relatively motionless sitting and listening. Exploring this question requires a critical, reflective look at the role of bodies in intellectual and aesthetic hierarchies and the complex webs of desire and anxiety that have shaped American institutional cultures’ conflicted relationships with music, with dance, and with all things corporeal. Critiquing the valorization of transcendence and universalism in American aesthetic discourses and in jazz music history specifically, this chapter advances an embodied approach to jazz history where dance becomes a point of entry into stories that de-center the pillars upon which jazz music’s canonic historical and ideological narratives rest. Following choreographer/folklorist Mura Dehn’s description of social jazz dancing, this book thus advances a perspective that operates “between the beats” of jazz history’s canonic time-spaces, seeking to focus on dancing and musicking as practices that begin within the body and to dig into the complex and messy viscera underneath the skin of those narratives that form the so-called jazz tradition.
“Counter-Bopaganda” and “Torn Riffs”
Authors: Wells Christi Jay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the subculture of young African Americans who developed forms of social dancing to bebop music as recounted to the author in oral history interviews with self-identified bebop dancers and as documented by Russian modern dancer/choreographer Mura Dehn in her film The Spirit Moves and in her drafts for an unfinished study on jazz dance. Dehn’s work reveals fascinating creative adaptations to bebop’s accelerating tempos and complex melodic structures in new and expanded dances such as the applejack, Jersey bounce, and bop lindy. Through these developments, dancers engaged in intricate metric and hypermetric play with bebop music—which they refer to as dancing “off-time”—while also embodying bebop’s “cool” aesthetic and the emergent cynicism and radicalism that shaped postwar African American political culture. Their experiences, and Dehn’s work to document them, demand a re-examination of the discursive work performed by bebop’s reputation as a music innately hostile to social dancing, a label that has less to do with the music’s difficulty than with a desire to position bebop as “art” rather than “entertainment.” The chapter closes with a discussion of “the problem of Dizzy Gillespie” to highlight and explore the historiographic challenges that discussion of social dance poses to canonic narrative positionings of bebop. It suggests that bebop is better understood as part of a contiguous spectrum of Black popular culture that thrived alongside, rather than in opposition to, rhythm & blues and other popular music genres.
Dancing Every Note
Authors: Wells Christi Jay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses emerges from the author’s experiences dancing at Jazz 966, a weekly “jazz club” night held at the Grace Agard Harewood Neighborhood Senior Center in the Clinton Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. For over twenty-five years, Jazz 966 has run as a weekly venue featuring jazz musicians with strong local, national, and international reputations. At Jazz 966, performers play music rooted in a broad array of post–Swing Era jazz styles including bebop, hard bop, and various forms of Latin jazz while the club has an active dance floor with audience members dancing socially to nearly every song. The club’s dancing patrons reveal the significance of dancing as a form of rigorous, participatory, and sensitive listening where those regarded as the best dancers express in their movement a subtle yet virtuosic musicality legible to other attendees who can see the ways they “dance every note.” Like the venue that houses it, Jazz 966 is integrated into the neighborhood’s community-based nonprofit infrastructure, yet this venue and the community center housing it are facing the same pressures of gentrification and rising property costs that more broadly threaten the social and cultural infrastructure of Black communities in Central Brooklyn. While self-consciously offering an alternative to a problematically romanticized “dying breed” narrative, this case study does emphasize the idea of precarity to articulate resonances between the discursive policing and erasure Black bodies face within jazz historical narratives as well as Black communities’ ongoing fight for sustained access to community spaces in which to move freely and to be corporeally present with jazz music.
Religion and Social Change
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the peculiarly modern way of relying on the idea of social equality to study the past, which has led to a widespread narrative that religious traditions routinely failed to bring about social equality. It focuses on social historians, whose interest in non-elite people grew out of Marxist sensitivities that predisposed them to view religion as a symptom of distress or instrument of social control but not as a force for social change. It traces the emergence of “equality” as an important term in western political and social writing and how modern nation-state rhetoric from the late 18th century onward made it normative. It becomes clear that modern democracies too have often failed to bring about social equality, even when they explicitly promote it. This develops a penetrating view of scholarship about equality in historical religions, thereby framing the historiographical issues that occupy the rest of the book.
Bhakti in the Shadow of Ambedkar
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by reflecting on the study of bhakti in the shadow of Ambedkar and its effects on historiography and ramifications for contemporary traditions. It argues hagiographers’ strategic ambiguity and the performative nature of bhakti traditions functioning as a resonance chamber led to an ideology of inclusive difference within the Vārkarī tradition. The semantic density of food facilitated this process especially well. In the 19th and 20th centuries, traditional strategic ambiguity and inclusive ideology did not measure up well against the newly articulated standard of social equality. Despite the fact that bhakti saints did not promote social equality per se, whether bhakti traditions and nondualist ethics could embrace it in the future remains an open question. If they can change, then commensality may play a vital role, as it did in the past.
Jewish Reproduction and Children in the Modern Era
Authors: Rebhun Uzi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter depicts some major aspects of Jewish reproduction and children in modern times. Integrating data from different sources, I discuss changes in the numbers and share of children out the total Jewish population from 1700 through today. I provide statistics on Jewish birth rate and proportion of children out of the total number of Jews from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century for selected Jewish communities in Europe, the Americas, and North Africa and Palestine. Spatial variations in levels of fertility have resulted in the concentration of a majority of Jewish children in Israel. Still, within Israel, fertility patterns for Jews have evolved in different trajectories according to ethnic extraction and religiosity. Fertility and number of children in the population have many social and economic implications, which I touch upon in my concluding remarks.
Divided Unity: Jewish Writing for Children in the United States and Palestine at the Onset of the Second World War
Authors: Darr Yael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the first half of the 20th century, there was an unprecedented flourishing of secular writing for Jewish children in the United States and Palestine. Despite the profound cultural differences between the two communities, this chapter proposes to view these two bodies of writing as parts of a whole: a much larger corpus that includes all secular Jewish texts for children, informed by a shared multilingual and transnational paradigm of immigration. The chapter focuses on two works: Yankev Glatstein’s Emil un Karl (Emil and Karl), published in Yiddish in New York (1940), and Levin Kipnis’s Bintiv hapele (The Miraculous Path), published in Hebrew in Tel Aviv (1939). During this critical time, at the outbreak of the Second World War, these two writers, so distant geographically, ideologically and culturally, made a similar radical move: to set aside the divisive national and political discourse in favor of an inclusive transnational one.