bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Ethnic memories’ from above? The Kosovo myth among the South Slavs and minimalist ethnosymbolism
Authors: Lomonosov Matvey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Kosovo myth is often seen as a critical supporting case for ethnosymbolist theory. Many theorists of nationalism and area scholars see this myth as either the direct continuation or creative reinterpretation of a long‐standing epic and liturgical tradition among the Slavic Orthodox population in the Balkans. Using primary and secondary sources, this article traces how pre‐modern cultural and communicative memories of Kosovo were transformed into a modern nationalist myth of the Serbs and, then, the Yugoslavs. It argues that cultural rupture and change rather than continuity or recurrence characterise the history of these scattered and ambivalent pre‐modern legacies. The evidence shows that the medieval monastic texts and epics referring to the Kosovo battle cannot be considered as the ‘widespread ethnic memories’ necessary in ethnosymbolist theory. However, ethnosymbolist theory is multifaceted. The article's findings about the Kosovo myth suggest that scholars can adopt only a weakminimalistversion of ethnosymbolism, which views this approach as a research programme or a focus of study rather than an explanatory theory. This version does not contradict modernist constructivism but aligns with the neo‐Weberian tradition oflongue duréeresearch within it.
To what extent can rising [CO2] ameliorate plant drought stress?
Authors: De Kauwe Martin G. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Tissue David T. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryPlant responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) have been hypothesized as a key mechanism that may ameliorate the impact of future drought. Yet, despite decades of experiments, the question of whether eCO2 reduces plant water use, yielding ‘water savings’ that can be used to maintain plant function during periods of water stress, remains unresolved. In this Viewpoint, we identify the experimental challenges and limitations to our understanding of plant responses to drought under eCO2. In particular, we argue that future studies need to move beyond exploring whether eCO2 played ‘a role’ or ‘no role’ in responses to drought, but instead more carefully consider the timescales and conditions that would induce an influence. We also argue that considering emergent differences in soil water content may be an insufficient means of assessing the impact of eCO2. We identify eCO2 impact during severe drought (e.g. to the point of mortality), interactions with future changes in vapour pressure deficit and uncertainty about changes in leaf area as key gaps in our current understanding. New insights into CO2 × drought interactions are essential to better constrain model theory that governs future climate model projections of land–atmosphere interactions during periods of water stress.
Biotic vs abiotic controls on temporal sensitivity of primary production to precipitation across North American drylands
Authors: Felton Andrew J. , Shriver Robert K. , Bradford John B. , Suding Katharine N. , Allred Brady W. , Adler Peter B. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Dryland net primary productivity (NPP) is sensitive to temporal variation in precipitation (PPT), but the magnitude of this ‘temporal sensitivity’ varies spatially. Hypotheses for spatial variation in temporal sensitivity have often emphasized abiotic factors, such as moisture limitation, while overlooking biotic factors, such as vegetation structure.

We tested these hypotheses using spatiotemporal models fit to remote‐sensing data sets to assess how vegetation structure and climate influence temporal sensitivity across five dryland ecoregions of the western USA.

Temporal sensitivity was higher in locations and ecoregions dominated by herbaceous vegetation. By contrast, much less spatial variation in temporal sensitivity was explained by mean annual PPT. In fact, ecoregion‐specific models showed inconsistent associations of sensitivity and PPT; whereas sensitivity decreased with increasing mean annual PPT in most ecoregions, it increased with mean annual PPT in the most arid ecoregion, the hot deserts.

The strong, positive influence of herbaceous vegetation on temporal sensitivity indicates that herbaceous‐dominated drylands will be particularly sensitive to future increases in precipitation variability and that dramatic changes in cover type caused by invasions or shrub encroachment will lead to changes in dryland NPP dynamics, perhaps independent of changes in precipitation.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of self‐reported weight stigma measures: A systematic literature review
Authors: Papadopoulos Stephanie , de la Piedad Garcia Xochitl , Brennan Leah 
Published: June 2021

SummaryObjectiveConceptualisation and measurement of weight stigma varies across available studies assessing those affected. This paper aims to systematically review the psychometric properties of available self‐reported measures of weight stigma.MethodStudies exploring the development and/or validation of weight stigma measures were identified through systematically searching Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The Consensus‐based Standards of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to assess the psychometric properties of measures.ResultsThirty‐six articles, reporting 18 different weight stigma measures, were included. For most included measures, measure development and content validity have not been assessed/reported. Structural validity, internal consistency, and hypothesis testing were the most commonly assessed/reported psychometric properties. High‐quality ratings were given only for these properties. Most measures were rated as “indeterminate” and received an overall quality rating of “Very Low” as results were based on limited evidence.ConclusionsPsychometric properties for published weight stigma measures have rarely been assessed/reported. The observed poor methodological quality for measure development, and limited content validity evidence, negatively impact the quality of evidence for the measures. There is a need for studies assessing the psychometric properties of existing weight stigma measures using COSMIN guidelines, and for a well‐designed weight stigma measure informed by both theory and research.
Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review
Authors: De Sousa Ricardo Augusto Leoni , Santos Letícia Gomes , Lopes Paulo Maurício , Cavalcante Bruno Raphael Ribeiro , Improta‐Caria Alex Cleber , Cassilhas Ricardo Cardoso 
Published: June 2021

SummaryObesity is associated with changes in memory. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo databases with the following descriptors: “physical exercise,” “memory,” and “obesity.” A total of 16 studies were analyzed in this review. Low, moderate, and high intensity exercise training showed positive effects on memory in patients with obesity (100%). The animal models of obesity used in their physical exercise protocols: treadmill (72.7%) or wheel running (27.3%). Most of the animal studies (81.8%) revealed positive effects of the physical exercise protocol on memory in obesity. Mouse was the most commonly used animal (54.5%), and a 60% high‐fat diet (HFD) was the most commonly method used to induce obesity (82%). We did not identify any knockout model of obesity that was used to evaluate memory and used physical exercise as the main intervention. Thus, exercise training, independently if it is resistance or endurance training, seems to be an excellent intervention to prevent and inhibit cognitive impairment and memory loss on obese patients and animal models of obesity.
Feasibility and safety of left atrial appendage occlusion guided by procedural fluoroscopy only: A pilot study
Authors: Wang Juntao , Rong Bing , Zhang Kai , Chen Tongshuai , Lin Mingjie , Han Wenqiang , Sha Rina , Wang Shoudong , Feng Xuan , Zhong Jing‐quan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is usually performed via the guidance of procedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) companied by general anesthesia (GA).ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and safety of LAAO guided by procedural fluoroscopy only.MethodsThe patients eligible for LAAO were enrolled into the current study and received implantation of either Watchman device or LAmbre device. The procedure was carried out with procedural fluoroscopy only and no companied GA; the position, shape, and leakage of the device were assessed by contrast angiography. TEE was performed after 3‐month follow‐up to evaluate the thrombosis, and leakage of device.ResultsNinety‐seven patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with either Watchman device (n = 49) or LAmbre device (n = 48) were consecutively enrolled. Watchman device group was of lower CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores compared with LAmbre device groups (p < .05); the two groups had similar distributions of other baseline characteristics (p > .05), including procedural success rate (98.0% vs. 97.9%), mean procedure time, mean fluoroscopy time, total radiation dose, contrast medium dose, percentage of peri‐device leakage. Pericardial effusions requiring intervention occurred in two of the Watchman group. TEE follow‐up found no patient with residual leakage ≥5 mm at 3 months and no device related thrombosis (DRT). During the 22.0 ± 11.1 months follow‐up, two patients experienced ischemic stroke.ConclusionsLAAO with the procedural imaging of fluoroscopy only exhibited the promising results of efficacy and safety. A prospective randomized multicenter study would be required to verify the observations in this study.
Non‐ischemic sudden cardiac arrest: Role of 12 lead Holter, family screening and genetic testing
Authors: Blich Miry , Oron Hodaya , Darawsha Wisam , Suleiman Mahmoud , Avraham Lorber , Asaad Kchoury , Boulos Monther , Gepstein Lior 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective and BackgroundTo evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic yield of a comprehensive protocol involving clinical and broad genetic testing in consecutive sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) population.Determining the pathogenesis of non‐ischemic SCA is crucial for management and SCA prevention in other family membersMethodsFamilies with unexplained non‐ischemic SCA event underwent rigorous clinical and genetic protocol after referral to our inherited arrhythmia clinic, during 2011–2017.ResultsOne hundred and four index cases, 29 ± 16 years, and 421 family members were studied. After a thorough evaluation, diagnosis was made in 80 (77%) of families. The most prevalent 47/104 (45%) diagnosis was inherited channelopathy. The genetic test was positive, in 37 /69 (54%) of patients. Using the Mann Whitney test, we found that electrocardiography (ECG) (effect size 0.5, p < .001), 12 lead Holter (effect size 0.33, p = .001) and family screening (effect size 0.4, p = .001) had the highest yield in reaching the final diagnosis. Family screening, genetic testing, and cardiac MRI were the exclusive modalities for final diagnosis in 14%, 9%, and 2% of families, respectively. Among 421 family members evaluated through cascade screening, 127 (30%), were diagnosed and medically treated. Nine family members from 25 (40%) patients who underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation have experienced appropriate ICD shock.ConclusionsA rigorous, systematic protocol in a specialized inherited arrhythmia clinic has a high diagnostic and prognostic yield. ECG, 12 lead Holter and family screening significantly increased the diagnostic yield. In nine families, without genetic testing, the diagnosis would have been missed.
Continuing patient care to underserved communities and medical education during the COVID‐19 pandemic through a teledermatology student‐run clinic
Authors: Linggonegoro Danny , Rrapi Renajd , Ashrafzadeh Sepideh , McCormack Lindsay , Bartenstein Diana , Hazen TJ , Kempf Abigail , Kim Eun Jae , Moore Kevin , Sanchez‐Flores Xavier , Song Hannah , Huang Jennifer T. , Hussain Sadaf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA virtual pediatric dermatology student‐run clinic was initiated during the COVID‐19 pandemic, when in‐person educational opportunities were limited. The clinic's aim is to provide high‐quality dermatologic care to a diverse, underserved pediatric patient population while teaching trainees how to diagnose and manage common skin conditions. In our initial eight sessions, we served 37 patients, predominantly those with skin of color, and had a low no‐show rate of 9.8%. This report describes the general structure of the clinic, goals, and the patient population to provide an overview of our educational model for those interested in similar efforts.
Putting the team in the driver's seat: A meta‐analysis on the what, why, and when of team autonomy's impact on team effectiveness
Authors: Ryu Ji Woon , Neubert Emily M. , Gonzalez‐Mulé Erik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutonomy is a ubiquitous team design feature, which is purported to relate positively to team effectiveness. However, the theoretical link between team autonomy and team effectiveness is not well understood, and previous studies have found inconsistent relations between them. We aim to resolve this incomplete understanding by examining “why” autonomy relates to team effectiveness, “what” aspects of team effectiveness are affected by team autonomy, and “when” the relations vary. To do so, we investigated task‐ and relationship‐focused team functioning as mediators, expanded the construct of team effectiveness beyond just team performance to include attitudes, and tested the moderating effects of task routineness and interdependence. Our meta‐analyses based on 415 effect sizes from 69 studies conducted on approximately 6,035 teams revealed that team autonomy positively relates to both task‐ and relationship‐focused team functioning. The results showed significant indirect effects of autonomy on both team performance and attitudes via both types of team functioning. Task routineness weakened the effect of team autonomy on task‐focused functioning and, ultimately, on team performance and attitudes, while it did not change the effect on relationship‐focused functioning. The influence of team autonomy did not vary by the level of task interdependence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Characteristics of electronic cigarette user and traditional smokers: 2017 Youth risk behavior surveillance system
Authors: Lee Young‐Shin , Yang Kyeongra , Kameg Brayden , Palmer Josh , Lee Heeyoung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use among adolescents rapidly has increased over the past decade, which has raised concerns over the corresponding behavioral health risks, the current literature presents limited data for understanding the characteristics of adolescent e‐cigarette users.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to (1) identify general characteristics that may be shared between e‐cigarette users and traditional cigarette smokers and (2) examine the unique characteristics of e‐cigarette users vis‐à‐vis traditional cigarette smokers.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.Sample and data sourceA total of 14,765 9th‐ to 12‐grade students drawn from the CDC 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.ResultsWe observed that the prevalence of marijuana, alcohol, and other illicit drug use was higher among e‐cigarette users and traditional tobacco users than non‐users. Moreover, physically active adolescents were more likely to use e‐cigarettes than those who were physically inactive, although the level of the activity did not predict smoking status.ConclusionWe recommend that primary prevention strategies for e‐cigarette use should be incorporated in physical education programs and target adolescents who engage in not only health risk behaviors, but also health promoting behaviors, such as physical activity.
Advances in Neutralization Assays for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Lu Yuying , Wang Jin , Li Qianlin , Hu Huan , Lu Jiahai , Chen Zeliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has triggered a global health emergency and brought disaster to humans. Tremendous efforts have been made to control the pandemic, among which neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are of specific interest to researchers. Neutralizing antibodies are generated within weeks after infection or immunization and can protect cells from virus intrusion and confer protective immunity to cells. Thus, production of NAbs is considered as a main goal for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines and NAbs may be used for patient treatment in the form of monoclonal antibodies. Neutralization assays are capable of quantitatively detecting NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2, allowing to explore the relationship between the level of NAbs and the severity of the disease, and may predict the possibility of re‐infection in COVID‐19 patients. They can also be used to test the effects of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma and vaccines. At present, wild‐type virus neutralization assay remains the gold standard for measuring Nabs, while pseudovirus neutralization assays, Surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and high‐throughput versions of neutralization assays are popular alternatives with their own advantages and disadvantages. In this review article, we summarize the characteristics and recent progress of SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization assays. Special attention is given to the current limitations of various neutralization assays so as to promote new possible strategies with NAbs by which rapid SARS‐CoV‐2 serological diagnosis and antiviral screening in the future will be achieved.
X‐ray microtomography and phylogenomics provide insights into the morphology and evolution of an enigmatic Mesozoic insect larva
Authors: Badano Davide , Fratini Michela , Maugeri Laura , Palermo Francesca , Pieroni Nicola , Cedola Alessia , Haug Joachim T. , Weiterschan Thomas , Velten Jürgen , Mei Maurizio , Di  Giulio Andrea , Cerretti Pierfilippo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFossils sometimes show unusual morphological features absent in living organisms, making it difficult to reconstruct both their affinity and their function. We describe here a new lacewing larva, Ankyloleon caudatus gen. et sp.n. (Neuroptera) from the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar, characterized by an abdomen unique among insects, with ‘tail‐like’ terminal segments bearing a ventral pair of vesicles. Phase‐contrast X‐ray microtomography reveals that these structures were dense and equipped with a median duct, suggesting that they were likely pygopods used for locomotion, holding the position through adhesive secretions. Our phylogenetic analyses, combining genomic and morphological data from both living and fossil lacewings, proved critical to placing Ankyloleon gen.n. on the lacewing tree of life as an early representative of the antlion clade, Myrmeleontiformia. These results corroborate the view that derived myrmeleontiform lacewings ‘experimented’ with unusual combinations of features and specializations during their evolutionary history, some of which are now lost.Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0C0AC565‐1AC9‐42CC‐831D‐EDA38BA36F64
Ubuntuand the Ontology of Radical Escape
Authors: Sanni John Sodiq 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommunitarianism has been the dominant disposition of many African scholars towards ubuntu. The nature of the concept somewhat limits how one can theorise about ubuntu. However, I argue that there is still a lot more that can be harnessed from the ubuntu concept, especially as it pertains to the ontology of radical escape. I use radical escape as an ontological character of every human being whereby to exist is to escape. In this paper, I argue that ubuntu does not provide the possibility for radical escape. The nature of escape that ubuntu provides is limited to the confines of its communitarian outlook. In this paper, I bring on board the works of Mogobe Ramose, Thaddeus Metz, Kwame Gyekye, Emmanuel Levinas, and Thomas Lear, among others, to substantiate my position. I hope to demonstrate the need to accommodate the concept of radical escape in theorising about ubuntu.
Management of children with glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency presenting with acute haemolytic crisis during the SARs‐COV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen , Adly Amira , Eltonbary Khadiga , Elghamry Islam , Elalfy Omar , Maebid Mohamed , Elsayh Khaled , Elsayed Heba‐T‐Allah N , El Ekiaby Magdy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesShortage of blood during the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐COV‐2 (SARs‐COV‐2) pandemic impacted transfusion practice. The primary aim of the study is to assess management of acute haemolytic crisis (AHC) in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)‐ deficient children during SARs‐COV‐2 pandemic, and then to assess blood donation situation and the role of telemedicine in management.MethodsAssessment of G6PD‐deficient children attending the Emergency Department (ER) with AHC from 1 March 2020 for 5 months in comparison to same period in the previous 2 years, in three paediatric haematology centres. AHC cases presenting with infection were tested for SARs‐COV‐2 using RT‐PCR. Children with Hb (50–65 g/L) and who were not transfused, were followed up using telemedicine with Hb re‐checked in 24 h.ResultsA 45% drop in ER visits due to G6PD deficiency‐related AHC during SARs‐COV‐2 pandemic in comparison to the previous 2 years was observed. 10% of patients presented with fever and all tested negative for COVID‐19 by RT‐PCR. 33% of patients had Hb < 50 g/L and were all transfused. 50% had Hb between 50 and 65 g/L, half of them (n = 49) did not receive transfusion and only two patients (4%) required transfusion upon follow up. A restrictive transfusion strategy was adopted and one of the reasons was a 39% drop in blood donation in participating centres.ConclusionFewer G6PD‐deficient children with AHC visited the ER during SARs‐COV‐2 and most tolerated lower Hb levels. Telemedicine was an efficient tool to support their families. A restrictive transfusion strategy was clear in this study.
A novel chronic wound biofilm model sustaining coexistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus suitable for testing of antibiofilm effect of antimicrobial solutions and wound dressings
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Lorenzen Jan , Xu Yijuan , Jonikaite Monika , Thaarup Ida Clement , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Kirketerp‐Møller Klaus , Thomsen Trine Rolighed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic wounds are a large burden to patients and healthcare systems. Biofilm infections in chronic wounds are crucial factors leading to non‐healing of wounds. It is important to study biofilm in wounds and to develop effective interventions against wound biofilm. This study presents a novel in vitro biofilm model mimicking infected chronic wounds. The novel layered chronic wound biofilm model uses woundlike media and includes both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which have been identified as the most important pathogens in wounds. The model sustains their coexistence for at least 96 h. Microscopy of the model revealed microbial growth in non‐surface attached microcolonies as previously observed in vivo. The model was used to determine log10‐reduction for the use of an antimicrobial solution and antimicrobial dressings (containing silver or honey) showing moderate‐to‐low antibiofilm effect, which indicates better concordance with the observed clinical performance of this type of treatment than other widely used standard tests.