bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Contamination of Donor Corneas Stored in McCarey-Kaufman Medium
Authors: Christenson Jeannine , Kastl Peter R , Caldwell Delmar R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A new method is presented for culturing eye bank corneas stored in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium. Of 30 donor corneoscleral rims, each was cultured in three ways: a swab of the M-K medium, a swab of the cut edge, and by culture of a 0.2 micron filter through which an aliquot of solution had been passed and washed of any antibiotic. We found a much higher rate of positive cultures using the latter method than has previously been reported in the literature.
Scleral Grafting in the Management of Ligneous Conjunctivitis
Authors: Berlin A Jan , Carim M , Langston Roger H S , Price Ronald L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare, usually bilateral, chronic membranous conjunctivitis, which begins acutely in childhood and persists for many years. In view of the poor results obtained with other forms of therapy in the past, the resection of the involved conjunctiva and tarsus with the grafting of donor sclera is offered as another alternative in the management of this distressing condition.
Granulomatous Reaction to Choyce Style Intraocular Lens
Authors: Kincaid Marilyn C , Green W Richard , Iliff W Jackson 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Despite the large number of intraocular lens implants performed since Ridley first devised the procedure, there have been few reports of postmortem examination in clinically successful cases.
We report a patient who tolerated his Choyce Mark VIII style implant well, despite a three-month episode of mild nongranulomatous uveitis occurring two months postoperatively, until his death 17 months later. This is the sixth postmortem study of an anterior chamber IOL and the only one in which there was a conspicuous granulomatous reaction on the anterior iris surface, with large foreign body giant cells.
Despite the presence of a foreign body, the previous eyes that have clinically tolerated implants well and have come to postmortem examination have shown remarkably little inflammation; none have shown this degree of granulomatous reaction previously.
Office Slit Lamp Discissions in Artiphakic Eyes
Authors: Murphy Gates E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
What is believed to be the first reported series of discissions in artiphakic eyes done in the office with a standard examination slit lamp is reported. Adequate optical openings were obtained in 22 of 24 eyes. No major complications such as vitreous wick, endophthalmitis, epithelial implantation, or lens dislocation occurred in this small series. It is felt to be a safe, inexpensive alternative to operating room discissions.
Surgical Considerations for Dacryocystorhinostomy with Special Emphasis on Hemostatic Techniques
Authors: Sweet Robert M , Hofmann Robert F 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Thirty patients were treated. All surgical procedures were carried out without technical difficulty. Estimated blood loss varied between 5 ml and 25 ml. In no case did bleeding obscure the operative field. Two patients did experience transient hypertension after injection of lidocaine with epinephrine. This was easily controlled by the anesthesiologist. After follow-up periods ranging from one year to five years, all patients have achieved a satisfactory result. No recurrent epiphora or infection has been noted.
The technique described in this communication involves drugs, instruments, and equipment which have made our dacryocystorhinostomy rapid (35 to 45 minutes), controlled, and predictable. Surgical morbidity is negligible. Hemorrhage is no longer a fearsome problem. Exposure is always adequate. And, above all, uniform success has been very gratifying to surgical patients and surgeons.
Intraocular Response to Cotton, Collagen and Cellulose in the Rabbit
Authors: Peiffer Robert L , Safrit H D , White Elizabeth , Eifrig David E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Cotton, cellulose and collagen were each implanted into the anterior chamber and anterior vitreous of rabbit eyes. The ocular inflammatory response was studied clinically over a 28-day period and histologically at seven and 28 days. In general, cotton was the least reactive, with collagen and cellulose moderately reactive. Cellulose was associated with progressive inflammation and marked granulomatous response. Vitreous implants showed minimal inflammation, with virtually no response to cotton. These findings support current literature suggesting that the use of cellulose in ophthalmic surgery may increase the risk of postoperative granulomatous inflammation.
Repair of the Contracted Socket Using RTV Silicone as a Stent for Mucosal Grafting
Authors: Paris George L , Spohn Walter G 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The anophthalmic socket is often contracted due to a deficiency of conjunctiva. The use of buccal mucosa to expand the socket is well known to ophthalmologists. However, this material often suffers shrinkage due to excessive scarring following surgery, leading to further contracture of the socket. RTV silicone (Medical Elastomer 382) has been found to be an excellent stent following buccal mucosal grafting. This paper deals with technical aspects of performing this procedure and discusses the complications. The results in 17 of 21 sockets have been excellent in allowing the conjunctival graft to take without further shrinkage and in allowing the patient to wear a prosthetic eye comfortably.
Evaluation and Comparison of Sources of Variability in the Measurement of Corneal Thickness with Ultrasonic and Optical Pachymeters
Authors: Salz James J , Azen Stanley P , Berstein Jonine , Caroline Patrick , Villasenor Richard A , Schanzlin David J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Two studies were carried out to determine and compare the effects of several sources of variation on the measurement of corneal thickness using the standard optical pachymeter and three ultrasonic pachymeters. Sources of variation included: intra- and inter-session variation, inter-observer variation, left/right eye variation, and variations due to alternate settings of ultrasonic sound frequencies. It was found that the optical pachymeter had a) two to three times as much intra-session variation as that of the ultrasound pachymeters, b) significant inter-observer variation (P = 0.015), and c) significant differences between left and right eye thickness determinations (P < 0.005). On the other hand, ultrasonic pachymeters demonstrated a) high reproducibility, b) no inter-observer variation, and c) no left/right eye variation. These results have implications for the use of pachymetry in measuring corneal thickness for radial keratotomy and other refractive surgery.
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Recovery of Lidocaine and Bupivicaine Following Respiratory Arrest Subsequent to Retrobulbar Block
Authors: Kobet Keith A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 75-year-old man experienced a self-limited respiratory arrest following a retrobulbar injection. The injection was a mixture of bupivicaine and lidocaine. Forty-five minutes after the injection, quantities of both drugs were recovered from the patients cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) obtained via a lumbar puncture. Theoretical evidence is presented to show that the drug levels obtained resulted from a direct intrathecal injection.
Eyelid Necrosis Following Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection for Capillary Hemangioma
Authors: Sutula Francis C , Glover Arthur T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The intralesional injection of corticosteroids has been employed successfully in treatment of adnexal neonatal hemangiomas since 1979. This form of treatment is easily administered, is repeatable and free from serious complications. We present an exceptional case in which full-thickness eyelid necrosis ensued following intralesional injection of corticosteroids in a capillary hemangioma. After eyelid reconstruction the patients visual axis has remained unobstructed, and amblyopia has been thus far averted.
Controlled Enucleation
Authors: Moses Keith C , LaPiana Francis G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although enucleation is orbit soft tissue surgery, the techniques of the latter are in general not fully applied in the standard enucleation procedure. Controlled enucleation does employ such techniques: identification and suture-tagging of tissues, meticulous hemostasis, dissection under direct visualization, fixation (without crushing) of the optic nerve, and precise closure of tissues. Controlled enucleation can decrease the incidence of post-enucleation complications.
Corneal Wedge Resection for High Astigmatism Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Lugo Miguel , Donnenfeld Eric D , Arentsen Juan J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fourteen corneal wedge resections performed between April 1980 and January 1986 at the Wills Eye Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Mean preoperative refractive (subjective) astigmatism was 8.13 diopters (D), with a range of 3.75 to 15.0 D. Following wedge resection, the mean residual astigmatism was 3.04 D, with a range of 0 to 5.0 D. Although the mean keratometric astigmatism measurements were generally similar to the astigmatism measured during refraction, there was little correlation between them on a case-by-case basis. Corneal wedge resection appears to remain an effective and moderately predictable technique for managing high astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty.
Iris Reconstruction by Coloboma Repair
Authors: Worst Jan G F , Los Jenny Rubingh Leonoor I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
If a pupil becomes irreversibly miotic during cataract surgery it is helpful to perform an iridotomy to facilitate lens expression. Reconstructing the pupil with one or two iris sutures is advisable in order to prevent coloboma-related problems. We describe a method of iridoplasty that involves using a vanadium steel suture attached to a long, straight needle. This technique can be used in an eye with surgically low pressure as well as in an eye with elevated vitreous pressure.
Management of Detachment of Descemet's Membrane Caused by Injection of Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Östberg Anders , Törnqvist Göran 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a case in which, in an attempt to reform a flat anterior chamber, hyaluronic acid inadvertently was injected between Descemet's membrane and the corneal stroma. The surgical repair is described and a way to prevent this complication is recommended.
Comparison Between B-Scan Ultrasound and MRI in the Detection of Diabetic Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Yoshida Akitoshi , Cheng Hong-Ming , Lashkari Kameran , Kwong Kenneth K , Ogasawara Hironobu , Aguayo James B , McMeel J Wallace 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The efficacy of proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated and compared with that of B-scan ultrasound in the detection and differentiation of diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Although conventional spin-echo MRI could not locate vitreous hemorrhages, gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) MRI readily did so. The aberrant signals appeared to originate from the interfacing between hemorrhages and the vitreous, and possibly also from the paramagnetic effect of the ferrous ion. The information provided by boundary/susceptibility detection, unique to the GRE sequence, is useful in delineating the extent of vitreous hemorrhage and hemolysis. However, for the diagnosis and follow up of diabetic vitreous hemorrhages, MRI appears no more informative than B-scan ultrasonography.
Evaluation of Silicone Gel as a Long-Term Vitreous Substitute in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Conway Mandi D , Karaçorlu Murat , Soike Kenneth F , Bhatt Nitul , Clark Leland C , Hoffmann Richard E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two preparations of silicone gels were evaluated as long-term vitreous substitutes in the vitrectomized and lensectomized eyes of primates. Both preparations were injected in liquid form and polymerized in the vitreous cavity. There was no toxic effect on the ocular structures up to 13 months after implantation. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography were possible through the less rigid gel, whereas the preparation with higher rigidity consistently appeared cloudy.
Encapsulated Filtering Blebs After Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C
Authors: Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Bond J Brent , Wilson Richard P , Moster Marlene R , Schmidt Courtland M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of encapsulated blebs after guarded filtration procedures with mitomycin-C.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the charts of all patients who had undergone a guarded filtration procedure with mitomycin-C. There were 235 patients (283 cases) who had more than 1 month of follow-up.
* RESULTS: An encapsulated bleb developed in 7 eyes (2.47%) of 6 patients. Identification of bleb encapsulation occurred at a mean follow-up time of 29.7 ± 14.6 days after surgery. The mean intraocular pressure at that point was 24.2 ± 13.5 mm Hg in the affected eyes. Three eyes were treated medically, and needling was performed in 4 eyes.
* CONCLUSION: There is a low frequency of encapsulated bleb formation after guarded filtration procedures with adjunctive mitomycin-C.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:805-809.]
Ablation Dynamics in Laser Sclerostomy Ab Externo by Means of Pulsed Lasers in the Mid-Infrared Spectral Range
Authors: Brinkmann Ralf , Dröge Gerit , Schröer Frank , Scheu Manfred , Birngruber Reginald 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sclerostomy ab externo with pulsed laser systems is currently in phase II clinical trials. The authors investigated the ablation dynamics of tissue treated with pulsed laser systems in the mid-infrared range to estimate the extent of thermo-mechanical damage to the sclera and the anterior chamber.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly harvested porcine eyes were used. A bare 400-pm fiber in direct contact with tissue was used for fistulization. Polarization light microscopy, fast-flash photography, as well as optical and acoustic transients were performed for analysis.
* RESULTS: Substantial mechanical tissue deformation and dissections were found during pulsed laser ablation. The mechanical damage range within tissue far exceeds the pure thermal damage zone. Aspheric cavitation bubbles of up to 3 mm in length penetrate the anterior chamber after perforation. The cavitation demonstrates a significantly larger time constant in tissue than in water.
* CONCLUSIONS: Early fistula occlusions due to iris adherences may be attributed to iris trauma caused by cavitation. In response to the findings of this study, the authors propose an automatic feedback system to control the ablation process and minimize secondary ocular tissue effects. With respect to the overall damage zones, a new continuous-wave, mid-infrared diode laser system seems to be superior to pulsed laser systems.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:853-865.]
Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C for Postkeratoplasty Glaucoma: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Kumar Suresh , Ram Jagat , Gupta Amod 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evalu ate the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in the management of postkeratoplasty glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Included in this study were 16 eyes of 16 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C for medically uncontrolled postkeratoplasty glaucoma, each having at least 6 months of follow-up.
* RESULTS: The mean pretrabeculectomy intraocular pressure (IOP) with maximal medical therapy was 34.6 mm Hg (range 24-45 mm Hg). The mean IOP following trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C was 14.2 mm Hg (range 8-36 mm Hg) by the end of a mean follow-up of 14.2 months (range 8-32 months). Fourteen eyes (87.5%) had complete success, 1 eye (6.25%) had qualified success, and 1 eye (6.25%) had failure. AH the patents had the same or better visual acuity, compared with the preoperative value. None of the patients had postoperative complications, such as shallow anterior chamber, epithelial defect, or hypotony.
* CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C is a safe and effective modality in the management of medically uncontrolled postkeratoplasty glaucoma.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:891-895.]
Treatment of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Before and After the Age of 1 Year
Authors: Zwaan Johan 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction continues to be a subject of controversy. Some authors advocate early probing and irrigation in an office setting, whereas others recommend that the procedure be performed under general anesthesia when the child is at least 1 year old. The focus of this study was to compare the results of probing and irrigation of congenital NLD obstruction among children younger than 1 year of age, those 1 to 2 years of age, and those older than 2 years.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The author reviewed the tecords of 120 patients, ranging in age from 3 weeks to 30 years, with 153 cases of NLD obstruction. Eighty-five patients (110 cases of NLD obstruction) underwent probing and irrigation.
* RESULTS: Complications of NLD obstruction occurred in 12 patients; 75% of these patients were younger than 1 year of age. In group 1 (patient age < 1 year) there were 37 probings with 1 failure (3%). Group 2 (patient age =1-2 years) had 43 probings and 5 failures (12%). In group 3 (patient age > 2 years), 30 NLDs were probed with 2 failures (7%). However, these differences were not significant (P = .13 between groups 1 and 2; P = .42 between groups 1 and 3).
* CONCLUSION: In this study, the postponement of probing and irrigation for congenital NLD obstruction beyond the age of 1 year did not result in an increased rate of failures or complications.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:932-936.]
Does Laser Trabeculoplasty Prevent Steroid Glaucoma?
Authors: Galin Miles A , Hirschman Henry , Gould Herbert , Hofmann Ilan 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of laser trabeculoplasty in the normal myopic eye on steroid intraocular pressure responsiveness in patients undergoing radial keratotomy.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diode laser trabeculoplasty was performed on 94 patients with myopia undergoing radial keratotomy who were then started on dexamethasone drops. Intraocular pressures were measured by applanation tonometry compensated for corneal flattening.
* RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent of patients had an intraocular pressure increase of 6 mm Hg or more by the fourth week.
* CONCLUSION: Laser trabeculoplasty does not prevent steroid intraocular pressure increase in patients with myopia.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:107-110]
Combined Modified Grid and Panretinal Photocoagulation for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Lee Carol M , Olk R Joseph , Akduman Levent 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of combined macular modified grid and peripheral panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic eyes with both macular edema and proliferative retinopathy.
* MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 52 eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Treatment was performed in two sessions consisting of initial modified grid to the macula and panretinal photocoagulation to the inferior half of the peripheral retina, followed 2 to 4 weeks later by panretinal photocoagulation to the superior half.
* RESULTS: At one year, visual acuity was improved in 8%, stable in 79%, and worse in 13%. At two years, visual acuity was improved in 4%, stable in 72%, and worse in 24%. Macular edema resolved in 43 of 46 eyes (93%), and proliferative retinopathy was reduced in 25 of 29 eyes (86%) at last examination.
* CONCLUSION: Combined macular modified grid and peripheral panretinal photocoagulation is an effective treatment approach in diabetic eyes with both macular edema and proliferative retinopathy. Laser photocoagulation in those diabetic eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy can be completed in less number of treatment sessions with this method, compared to conventional treatment techniques.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:292-300]
Representation of Specific Diagnosis for Low Back Pain Using the 11th Revision of International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
Authors: Chang Anne , Zhao Hong 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) was released on June 18, 2018, by the World Health Organization and will come into effect on January 1, 2022. Apart from the chapters on the classification of diseases in the conventional medicine (CM), a new chapter, traditional medicine (TM) conditions – Module 1, was added. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common reasons for the physician visits. The classification codes for LBP in the ICD-11 are vital to documenting accurate clinical diagnoses.

Methods:
The qualitative case study method was adopted. The secondary use data for 100 patients were randomly selected using the ICD-11 online interface to find the classification codes for both the CM section and the TM Conditions – Module 1 (TM1) section for LBP diagnosis.

Results:
Of the 27 codes obtained from the CM section, six codes were not relevant to LBP, whereas the other 21 codes represented diagnoses of LBP and its related diseases or syndromes. In the TM1 section, six codes for different patterns and disorders represented the diagnoses for LBP from the TM perspective.

Conclusion:
This study indicates that specific diagnoses of LBP can be represented by the combination of CM classification codes and TM1 classification codes in the ICD-11; the CM codes represent specific and accurate clinical diagnoses for LBP, whereas the TM1 codes add more accuracy to the diagnoses of different patterns from the TM perspective.
Avaliação do crescimento e alometria de Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) em condições seminaturais de manejo.
Authors: Lima Mauro Sergio Cruz Souza , Pederassi Jonas , Souza Carlos Alberto Santos 
Published: April 2021

Foi avaliada a taxa de eclodibilidade e crescimento de uma ninhada de Caiman latirostris por 80 dias. Os ovos foram coletados e transportados em bandejas com serapilheira do local, observando-se a disposição no ninho para replicação. Os animais foram levados ao laboratório e dispostos individualmente em caixas de isopor com substrato inclinado, proporcionando 2/3 de área seca e 1/3 de área úmida. O substrato foi composto de areia, serapilheira e água. Avaliou-se a morfometria dos animais no nascimento, aos 40 e 80 dias da eclosão. As variáveis corpóreas foram analisadas pela alometria multivariada através da Análise de Componentes Principais e suas correlações foram testadas pela correlação de Spearman além de analisadas pelo Box Plot de modo a avaliar a correlação das variáveis entre si. Obteve-se um sucesso de 91% na taxa de eclodibilidade, tendo os filhotes uma taxa média de crescimento de 0,66 cm (x = 0,66cm; DP=0,01). Pela análise do Box Plot a cabeça é, dentre as variáveis observadas, a região com menor variação além de ser a porção do corpo com retardo de crescimento, de acordo com a Análise dos Componentes Principais e quando comparados os três segmentos corpóreos com o comprimento total a cabeça apresentou alometria negativa enquanto o tronco e a cauda têm alometria positiva, não sendo observado crescimento isométrico algum. Ao final de 90 dias, todos os filhotes que eclodiram foram levados ao local de origem para soltura, sob os cuidados da Polícia Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.