bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise dos resultados financeiros da atualização da planta genérica de valores e do cadastro imobiliário municipal: Um estudo de caso
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo , Leismann Edison Luiz 
Published: October 2021

A Planta Genérica de Valores (PGV) e o Cadastro Imobiliário Municipal (CIM) são ferramentas que impactam na arrecadação de um município por meio do Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano (IPTU). Diante da atualização destes itens realizada no Município de São Pedro do Iguaçu, no Paraná, entre os anos de 2017 e 2018, buscou-se aferir o aumento nos valores do referido tributo. Para isto, foram utilizados dados financeiros disponibilizados pela Prefeitura Municipal. Foram realizadas, ainda, entrevistas com a equipe de trabalho participante no processo de recadastramento em campo, no intuito de identificar os pontos fracos e fortes da metodologia adotada. O conjunto dos resultados apontam que o ajuste da PGV, aliada à atualização do CIM, implicaram num aumento do valor global do IPTU de R$ 172,34 mil para R$ 829,91 mil, ou seja, cerca de 380 %, sem se fazer qualquer alteração na alíquota incidente. Apesar das dificuldades encontradas na execução do processo, conclui-se que manter a base de dados de referência do cálculo do IPTU atualizada é fundamental para que não ocorram aumentos excessivos na tarifa, como aconteceu no município estudado. Além disso, a desatualização das informações cadastrais implica em renúncia de receita. No caso estudado, estima-se que tenha se deixado de arrecadar cerca de R$ 2,5 milhões com IPTU passível de tributação, somente nos últimos 5 anos.
Effect of Mn Content on the Passivation and Corrosion of Al0.3Cr0.5Fe2MnxMo0.15Ni1.5Ti0.3 Compositionally Complex Face-Centered Cubic Alloys
Authors: Inman S.B. , Han J. , Gerard A.Y. , Qi J. , Wischhusen M.A. , Agnew S.R. , Poon S.J. , Ogle K. , Scully J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Al0.3Cr0.5Fe2MnxMo0.15Ni1.5Ti0.3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1) compositionally complex alloys are synthesized and annealed at 1,070°C to form two-phase alloys with a face-centered cubic (fcc) matrix and a second phases enriched in Al, Ti, and Ni with slightly reduced density, raw element costs, and passivating elements distributed across both phases. The global corrosion resistance is evaluated in 0.01 M and 0.1 M NaCl at both natural pH and pH 4. Overall corrosion resistance is suggested to be optimized at Mn concentrations of 5.0 at%, indicated by pitting potentials comparable to or exceeding those of 316L stainless steel. Improvements in corrosion resistance and optimization of Mn concentration are further assessed by polarization, impedance, and gravimetric analysis after extended aqueous exposure. The fate of individual elements during the dissolution and passivation processes is evaluated with in situ atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry and ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Passivity was derived from combinations of Ti4+, Cr3+, and Al3+ oxides in an undetermined solid solution or complex oxide. Enhanced corrosion resistance is attributed to the improved chemical homogeneity of passivating elements within the two-phase microstructure, while the decreased corrosion resistance of alloys with higher Mn concentrations is attributed to high Mn dissolution rates and/or destabilization of the passive films. The underlying determinants of the role of Mn in the design of corrosion-resistant lightweight compositionally complex alloys are discussed.
Technical note: Quality assessment of ozone reanalysis products and gap-filling over subarctic Europe for vegetation risk mapping
Authors: Falk Stefanie , Vollsnes Ane V. , Eriksen Aud B. , Stordal Frode , Koren Berntsen Terje 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We assess the quality of regional and global ozone reanalysis data for vegetation modeling and ozone (O3) risk mapping over subarctic Europe where monitoring is sparse. Reanalysis data can be subject to systematic errors originating from, for example, quality of assimilated data, distribution and strength of precursor sources, incomprehensive atmospheric chemistry or land–atmosphere exchange, and spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we evaluate two selected global products and one regional ozone reanalysis product. Our analysis suggests that global reanalysis products do not reproduce observed ground-level ozone well in the subarctic region. Only the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Regional Air Quality (CAMSRAQ) reanalysis ensemble sufficiently captures the observed seasonal cycle. We also compute the root mean square error (RMSE) by season. The RMSE variation between (2.6–6.6) ppb suggests inherent challenges even for the best reanalysis product (CAMSRAQ). O3 concentrations in the subarctic region are systematically underestimated by (2–6) ppb compared to the ground-level background ozone concentrations derived from observations. Spatial patterns indicate a systematical underestimation of ozone abundance by the global reanalysis products on the west coast of northern Fennoscandia.
Furthermore, we explore the suitability of CAMSRAQ for gap-filling at one site in northern Norway with a long-term record but not belonging to the observational network. We devise a reconstruction method based on Reynolds decomposition and adhere to recommendations by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) convention. The thus reconstructed data for 2 weeks in July 2018 are compared with CAMSRAQ evaluated at the nearest-neighbor grid point. Our reconstruction method's performance (76 % accuracy) is comparable with CAMSRAQ (80 % accuracy), but diurnal extremes are underestimated by both.
PANDAS: behov for nasjonale retningslinjer
Authors: Berger Matilla Færevåg , Aarli Ånen , Griffiths Silja Torvik 
Published: October 2021

Background: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) was introduced in 1998. The hypothesis that acute tics and/or symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) might be triggered by streptococcal infection lacks scientific support. Patients are seen by several specialists, and treatment depends on knowledge and acceptance of the condition. This article provides an overview of literature investigating proposed treatments.
Method: We performed a literature search in PubMed and Cochrane Library between 1 June 2019 and 17 July 2021.
Results: 14 reviews were included. Suggested treatments comprised psychiatric treatment, antibiotics, tonsillectomy and immune modulating therapy. Recommendations were largely based on case reports and uncontrolled studies.
Conclusion: Few studies have been conducted on PANDAS treatment, and none were evidence-based. Cooperation between different professions and establishment of national guidelines on how to approach these children are crucial.
Keywords: PANDAS, post-infectious autoimmunity, neuropsychiatry, interdisciplinary
Fagfellvurdert
The Allure of the Disgusting
Authors: Magada-Ward Mary 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
What is missing from the many contemporary social scientific accounts that aim to explain our moral and political judgments by reference to our capacity to experience disgust is any acknowledgment of our fascination with disgusting objects. For this reason, Magada-Ward argues that disgust must be understood as fundamentally an aesthetic conception. In order to demonstrate this, the author explores the disturbing and very funny sculptures of Rona Pondick. This exploration shows that disgust is seldom a reliable indicator of political or moral wrongdoing but instead reveals both the contingent nature of our brute reactions and our inescapable vulnerability as embodied creatures.
Fearing Animals
Authors: Craig Megan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article explores nonpathological fear in relation to nonhuman animal encounters in the wild. Critiquing a contemporary, philosophical romance with animal life, Craig turns to Cora Diamond to consider alternative styles of thinking and writing about animals and experiences that defy ready-made paradigms. Diamond diagnoses the tendency for philosophers to deflect from reality. The author follows Diamond in seeking methods to forestall or delay deflection in favor of an open-ended examination of the ways that fear, imagination, and childhood memories inform the sense of oneself as an animal in relation to other animals.
A invisibilidade das mulheres na física: um recorte nos últimos 12 anos na produção de eventos e revistas de alto impacto
Authors: Pandini Camila De Andrade , Bartelmebs Roberta Chiesa , Tegon Maria Milena Figueira 
Published: October 2021

A participação das mulheres nas carreiras científicas, tem sido um tema muito recorrente nos estudos atuais. Pesquisas têm mostrado que, em determinadas áreas, a participação feminina tem aumentado e até ultrapassado homens, mas isso não se aplica ao caso da Física. Um dos desafios para a maior representatividade de mulheres na carreira de Física, é causado por ser uma área considerada essencialmente masculina por muitos, o que resulta na desmotivação de meninas em seguir neste campo. Entendemos que uma das maneiras de mudar esta visão de mundo sobre as mulheres na Física, é a maior representatividade delas em revistas ou eventos científicos da área. O presente artigo faz uma revisão de modo a verificar se houve, nos últimos 12 anos, de 2008 a 2020, algum aumento desta representação. Para isso, selecionou-se cinco revistas e cinco eventos nacionais e internacionais de alto impacto. Os dados recolhidos revelam uma discrepância bastante alta na quantidade de publicação entre homens e mulheres. Portanto esse trabalho demonstra, que ainda há muito a ser feito na área da Física para que haja uma equidade na produção científica e na participação feminina nas publicações da área.
PEMBENTUKAN RANAH AFEKTIF SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FIKIH DI MA AL URWATUL WUTSQO BULUREJO DIWEK JOMBANG
Authors: Ainiyah Qurrotul , Puji Lestari Suharti 
Published: October 2021

Demanding knowledge is not just a transfer of knowledge for the benefit of the world, not just intelligence without thinking about spirituality and morals. So that learning must cover all aspects, from intelligence to moral intelligence for everyday life. The affective domain is very important, where today many people understand religion but have not yet practiced it, because affective values ??and religious values ??have not yet become a reflection of their daily attitudes. This study reveals the formation of students' affective domains in fiqh learning which is integrated with the Ahkam Tafsir at Al Urwatul Wutsqo Bulurejo DIwek Jombang which is manifested in the formation of attitudes and awareness of students to apply Islamic law in daily life.
Dressing Up
Authors: Block Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2021

How wealthy American women—as consumers and as influencers—helped shape French couture of the late nineteenth century; lavishly illustrated.
French fashion of the late nineteenth century is known for its allure, its ineffable chic—think of John Singer Sargent's Madame X and her scandalously slipping strap. For Parisian couturiers and their U.S. customers, it was also serious business. In Dressing Up, Elizabeth Block examines the couturiers' influential clientele—wealthy women in the United States who bolstered the French fashion industry with a steady stream of orders. Countering the usual narrative of the designer as solo creative genius, Block shows that these women—as high-volume customers and as pre-Internet influencers—were active participants in the era's transnational fashion system.
Block describes the arrival of the U. S. nouveaux riches on the French fashion scene, joining European royalty, French socialites, and famous actresses on the client rosters of the best fashion houses—Charles Frederick Worth, Doucet, and Félix, among others. She considers the mutual dependence of couture and coiffure; the participation of couturiers in international expositions (with mixed financial results); the distinctive shopping practices of U.S. women, which ranged from extensive transatlantic travel to quick trips downtown to the department store; the performance of conspicuous consumption at balls and soirées; the impact of U.S. tariffs on the French fashion industry; and the emergence of smuggling, theft, and illicit copying of French fashions in the American market as the middle class emulated the preferences of the wealthy. Lavishly illustrated, with vibrant images of dresses, portraits, and fashion plates, Dressing Up reveals the power of U.S. women in French couture.
Winner of the Aileen Ribeiro Grant of the Association of Dress Historians, an Association for Art History grant, and a Pasold Research Fund grant.
Transition Metal Carbides Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Leonard Brian M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electrochemically splitting water into its two elemental components, hydrogen and oxygen, is being heavily investigated as a path toward renewable energy. Hydrogen has been viewed as an energy carrier which could store wind, solar, and other forms of renewable energy for later use. In order to develop the hydrogen economy, new stable, and economical water splitting catalysts need to be developed. Transition metal carbides (TMC) are robust materials consisting of only metal and carbon atoms. These compounds are electrically conducting, and resistant to degradation in conditions typical of electrochemical water splitting reactions. TMCs have been found to have an electronic structure that is similar to Pt and are being investigated as cost‐effective, stable materials for both hydrogen and oxygen reactions. These TMC catalysts have been modified using several approaches including forming nanoparticles to increase surface area, adding conducting carbon and doped carbon support materials, doping the metal carbide to alter the electronic structure, and creating heterointerfaces with other metals and compounds. Fundamental studies on the nitrogen (N‐doped) carbon composites have shown a significant synergistic effect by modifying the electronic structure and thus the hydrogen binding energy. The nitrogen sites also provide a unique and beneficial binding site for H atoms during the electrochemical process. The most challenging but promising area of study focuses on the combination of TMC compounds with another catalyst material to create optimized interfaces. These heterointerface materials are difficult to probe experimentally and further optimize but with advances in density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations, several predictive models have been established. Through these modifications, several catalyst systems have shown catalytic activity and stability that rivals precious metal catalysts at greatly reduced cost. In addition, some of the synthetic methods could be easily scaled for industrial applications. The future of TMC catalysts is extremely promising and with improvements in scalable synthesis methods, activity, and stability, these carbide catalysts will likely be utilized in commercial electrolysis applications.
Low Valent Main Group Compounds in Small Molecule Activation
Authors: Weetman Catherine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Since the discovery that main group elements can mimic transition metals, efforts have focussed on harnessing main group elements' abilities to break strong bonds to enable new sustainable methodologies. In this regard, use of small molecules, such as those found in greenhouse gases, is a prime target for incorporation into catalytic cycles to produce value‐added products. Initial challenges in main group chemistry focussed on the ability to isolate these highly reactive low‐oxidation state species, whilst also maintaining the reactive sites. An array of low valent compounds have been successfully isolated (i.e., multiple bonds, tetrylenes, anions, and cations), through careful ligand design, and have challenged traditional bonding models and preconceptions of the main group elements. Current advances have highlighted how reactive these low‐valent sites are with the ability to activate strong bonds, such as those found in small molecules (e.g., H
2
, CO, CO
2
, etc.). This represents the first step in a redox‐based catalytic cycle, as the low‐valent main group center undergoes oxidative addition reactions. Current challenges remain in reductive elimination, and thus functionalization of the small molecule, but examples of low‐valent main group elements in catalysis are starting to emerge and represent a bright future for main group chemistry. This article highlights the achievements of low valent main group elements, with a focus on group 2, 13, and 14 elements, in small molecule activation as well as the fundamental concepts that have aided the development of this rapidly advancing field.
Valence Tautomerism in D‐Block Complexes
Authors: Gransbury Gemma K. , Boskovic Colette 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The need for both improved energy efficiency of information communication technologies, and increased data storage density to meet the requirements of contemporary society, has enhanced interest in the miniaturization of electronic devices. The ultimate in miniaturization is a single molecule and the possibility of utilizing individual molecules as device components has afforded the scientific field of molecular materials. So‐called “smart” materials respond to an external stimulus and such stimuli‐response can be achieved at the molecular level. Molecular materials that can be switched between forms with different electronic structures in response to an external stimulus offer the possibility of controlled switching between species with different physical and electronic properties, including most obviously, color. The phenomenon of valence tautomerism (VT) involves stimulated intramolecular electron transfer between a redox‐active metal and ligand, sometimes accompanied by a spin transition at the metal center. While best known for cobalt–dioxolene systems, other redox‐active metal and ligand combinations can also display VT. Known since 1980, in recent times, the field of VT has expanded in a range of directions, spanning from enhancing understanding of the fundamental science and development of new examples, to incorporation of VT species into technologically relevant media, including nanoparticles, thin films, and deposition on surfaces. Particularly exciting are developments in the use of density functional theory calculations, which now allow for accurate evaluation of the likelihood and characteristics of potential VT transitions in yet‐to‐be synthesized compounds. This article presents the fundamental aspects of valence tautomerism in d‐block complexes before comprehensibly describing recent developments and possible future implications.
Metal Complexes and Clusters in Single‐Molecule Electronics
Authors: Vezzoli Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSingle‐molecule electronics has evolved significantly in the past two decades. The first studies that focussed on simple, wire‐like organic compounds have been useful to establish the mechanism of charge transport, but the chemical complexity of the molecular component has been rapidly increased to allow the fabrication of functional devices such as switches and transistors. Organometallic compounds feature prominently in molecular electronics because as they offer, for instance, a straightforward way to impart redox activity and to control on the HOMO–LUMO gap, but they can also be used to study and exploit phenomena unique to the nanoscale world, such as quantum interference and Coulomb blockade effects. This article will present progress in the use of mono‐ and polynuclear (cluster) organometallic molecular wires in single‐molecule junctions, highlighting the breakthrough studies that advanced our understanding of nanoscale charge transport phenomena.
Programmable Zwitterionic Droplets as Biomolecular Sorters and Model of Membraneless Organelles
Authors: Capasso Palmiero Umberto , Paganini Carolina , Kopp Marie R. G. , Linsenmeier Miriam , Küffner Andreas M. , Arosio Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that cells can regulate biochemical functions in time and space by generating membraneless compartments with well‐defined mesoscopic properties. One important mechanism underlying this control is simple coacervation driven by associative disordered proteins that encode multivalent interactions. Inspired by these observations, programmable droplets based on simple coacervation of responsive synthetic polymers that mimic the “stickers‐and‐spacers” architecture of biological disordered proteins are developed. Zwitterionic polymers that undergo an enthalpy‐driven liquid–liquid phase separation process and form liquid droplets that remarkably exclude most molecules are developed. Starting from this reference material, different functional groups in the zwitterionic polymer are progressively added to encode an increasing number of different intermolecular interactions. This strategy allowed the multiple emerging properties of the droplets to be controlled independently, such as stimulus‐responsiveness, polarity, selective uptake of client molecules, fusion times, and miscibility. By exploiting this high programmability, a model of cellular compartmentalization is reproduced and droplets capable of confining different molecules in space without physical barriers are generated. Moreover, these biomolecular sorters are demonstrated to be able to localize, separate, and enable the detection of target molecules even within complex mixtures, opening attractive applications in bioseparation, and diagnostics.
A Single‐Droplet Electricity Generator Achieves an Ultrahigh Output Over 100 V Without Pre‐Charging
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Yahui , Cai Han , Yao Mingfang , Zhang Haodong , Guo Linqi , Lv Zhenjie , Li Mengqiu , Lu Xichi , Ren Chao , Zhang Penglei , Zhang Yanxin , Shi Xian , Ding Guifu , Yao Jinyuan , Yang Zhuoqing , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe working principle of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), contact electrification and electrostatic induction, has been used to harvest raindrop energy in recent years. However, the existing research is mainly concentrated on solid–liquid electrification, and adopts traditional electrostatic induction (TEI) for output. As a result, the efficiency of droplet electricity generators (DEGs) is severely constrained. Therefore, previous studies deem that the DEG output is limited by interfacial effects. This study reveals that this view is inappropriate and, in reality, the output strategy is the key bottleneck restricting the DEG performance. Here, a switch effect based on an electric‐double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) is introduced, and an equivalent circuit model is established to understand its working mechanism. Without pre‐charging, a single droplet can generate high voltage over 100 V and the output is directly improved by two‐orders of magnitude compared with TEI, which is precisely utilizing the interfacial effect. This work provides insightful perspective and lays solid foundation for DEG applications in large scale.