bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Consistency of Chemical Clocks among Coeval Stars
Authors: Espinoza-Rojas Francisca , Chanamé Julio , Jofré Paula , Casamiquela Laia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The abundance ratios of some chemical species have been found to correlate with stellar age, leading to the possibility of using stellar atmospheric abundances as stellar age indicators. These chemical clocks have already been calibrated with solar twins and open clusters, but it remains to be seen whether they can be effective at identifying coeval stars in a population that spans a broad parameter space (i.e., the promise of chemical tagging). Since the components of wide binaries are known to be stars of common origins, they constitute ideal laboratories for testing the usefulness of chemical clocks for the age dating of field stars. Using a combination of our new measurements and literature data on wide binaries, we show for the first time that chemical clocks are even more consistent among the components of wide binaries than their individual abundances. Moreover, the special case of HIP 34426/HIP 34407 may indicate that chemical clocks are consistent for coeval stars even when those individual abundances are not. If the assumption that chemical clocks are reliable age indicators is correct, this would constitute the first statistically significant evidence that the components of wide binaries are indeed coeval, validating a large body of published work that relies on that to be the case. Furthermore, our results provide strong evidence that chemical clocks indeed carry important information about stellar birthplaces and chemical evolution, and thus we propose that including them in chemical tagging efforts may facilitate the identification of now-dissolved stellar groups.
Post-explosion Evolution of Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Witt M. , Psaltis A. , Yasin H. , Horn C. , Reichert M. , Kuroda T. , Obergaulinger M. , Couch S. M. , Arcones A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate the post-explosion phase in core-collapse supernovae with 2D hydrodynamical simulations and a simple neutrino treatment. The latter allows us to perform 46 simulations and follow the evolution of the 32 explosion models during several seconds. We present a broad study based on three progenitors (11.2, 15, and 27 M
⊙), different neutrino heating efficiencies, and various rotation rates. We show that the first seconds after shock revival determine the final explosion energy, remnant mass, and properties of ejected matter. Our results suggest that a continued mass accretion increases the explosion energy even at late times. We link the late-time mass accretion to initial conditions such as rotation strength and shock deformation at explosion time. Only some of our simulations develop a neutrino-driven wind (NDW) that survives for several seconds. This indicates that NDWs are not a standard feature expected after every successful explosion. Even if our neutrino treatment is simple, we estimate the nucleosynthesis of the exploding models for the 15 M
⊙ progenitor after correcting the neutrino energies and luminosities to get a more realistic electron fraction.
Macro Magnetic Holes Caused by Ripples in Heliospheric Current Sheet from Coordinated Imaging and Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Chen Chong , Liu Ying D. , Hu Huidong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Macro magnetic holes (MMHs), which are significant magnetic field decreases in the solar wind lasting tens of minutes, were found during the first four orbits of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP). We performed a detailed analysis of the 2020 January 30 event and found the possible cause of the MMH using coordinated remote sensing observations from STEREO A and PSP in situ measurements. The results indicate that an MMH represents a brief encounter with the rippled heliospheric current sheet (HCS). Out of the data from the first four orbits of PSP, we identified 17 MMHs and carried out a statistical analysis. Basic characteristics of MMHs include (1) MMHs usually last tens of minutes; (2) the magnetic field strength inside the events is much lower than that in the ambient solar wind; (3) enhanced plasma density, radial velocity, and plasma β are usually found inside the MMHs; and (4) the radial magnetic field has the same polarity before and after an MMH. Based on potential field-source surface and magnetohydrodynamics models, for each of the events we roughly estimate the radial size and the lower limit of the vertical size (i.e., the separation distance between PSP and the HCS), which are 2 R
⊙ and 10 R
⊙ on average, respectively. These results suggest that MMHs are a frequent phenomenon that may shed light on the dynamics of the HCS and the origins and evolutions of the solar wind structures in the heliosphere.
Gas-phase Synthesis of Silaformaldehyde (H2SiO) and Hydroxysilylene (HSiOH) in Outflows of Oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
Authors: He Chao , Doddipatla Srinivas , Yang Zhenghai , Goettl Shane J. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Mebel Alexander M. , Millar Tom J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Silicon- and oxygen-containing species such as silicon monoxide (SiO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) represent basic molecular building blocks connected to the growth of silicate grains in outflows of oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars like R Doradus. Yet the fundamental mechanisms of the formation of silicate grains and the early processes that initiate the coupling of the silicon with the oxygen chemistries in circumstellar envelopes have remained obscure. Here, in a crossed molecular beams experiment combined with ab initio electronic structure calculations, we reveal that at least the d2-silaformaldehyde (D2SiO) and d2-hydroxysilylene (DSiOD) molecules—proxies for the astronomically elusive silaformaldehyde (H2SiO) and hydroxysilylene (HSiOH) molecules—can be synthesized via the reaction of the D1-silylidyne radical (SiD; X2Π) with D2-water (D2O) under single-collision conditions. This system represents a benchmark of a previously overlooked class of reactions, in which the silicon–oxygen bond coupling can be initiated by a reaction between the simplest silicon-bearing radical (silylidyne) and one of the most abundant species in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved oxygen-rich AGB stars (water). As supported by novel astrochemical modeling, considering that silicon- and oxygen-containing species like H2SiO and HSiOH might be photolyzed easily, they ultimately connect to simple molecular precursors such as SiO that drive a chain of reactions conceivably forming higher molecular weight silicon oxides and, ultimately, a population of silicates at high temperatures.
Retrieving Exoplanet Atmospheres Using Planetary Infrared Excess: Prospects for the Night Side of WASP-43 b and Other Hot Jupiters
Authors: Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Stevenson Kevin B. , Mayorga L. C. , Showalter Sotzen Kristin , May Erin M. , Izenberg Noam R. , Mandt Kathleen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To increase the sample size of future atmospheric characterization efforts, we build on the planetary infrared excess (PIE) technique that has been proposed as a means to detect and characterize the thermal spectra of transiting and non-transiting exoplanets using sufficiently broad wavelength coverage to uniquely constrain the stellar and planetary spectral components from spatially unresolved observations. We performed simultaneous retrievals of stellar and planetary spectra for the archetypal planet WASP-43b in its original configuration and a non-transiting configuration to determine the efficacy of the PIE technique for characterizing the planet’s night-side atmospheric thermal structure and composition using typical out-of-transit JWST observations. We found that using PIE with JWST should enable the stellar and planetary spectra to be disentangled with no degeneracies seen between the two flux sources, thus allowing robust constraints on the planet’s night-side thermal structure and water abundance to be retrieved. The broad wavelength coverage achieved by combining spectra from NIRISS, NIRSpec, and MIRI enables PIE retrievals that are within 10% of the precision attained using traditional secondary eclipse measurements, although mid-IR observations with MIRI alone may face up to 3.5× lower precision on the planet’s irradiation temperature. For non-transiting planets with unconstrained radius priors, we were able to identify and break the degeneracy between planet radius and irradiation temperature using data that resolved the peak of both the stellar and planetary spectra, thus potentially increasing the number of planets amenable to atmospheric characterization with JWST and other future mission concepts.
Early Initiation of Inner Solar System Formation at the Dead-zone Inner Edge
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Ogihara Masahiro , Kokubo Eiichiro , Okuzumi Satoshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The inner solar system possesses a unique orbital structure in which there are no planets inside the Mercury orbit and the mass is concentrated around the Venus and Earth orbits. The origins of these features still remain unclear. We propose a novel concept that the building blocks of the inner solar system formed at the dead-zone inner edge in the early phase of the protosolar disk evolution, where the disk is effectively heated by the disk accretion. First, we compute the dust evolution in a gas disk with a dead zone and obtain the spatial distribution of rocky planetesimals. The disk is allowed to evolve both by a viscous diffusion and magnetically driven winds. We find that the rocky planetesimals are formed in concentrations around ∼1 au with a total mass comparable to the mass of the current inner solar system in the early phase of the disk evolution within ≲0.1 Myr. Based on the planetesimal distribution and the gas-disk structure, we subsequently perform N-body simulations of protoplanets to investigate the dynamical configuration of the planetary system. We find that the protoplanets can grow into planets without significant orbital migration because of the rapid clearing of the inner disk by the magnetically driven disk winds. Our model can explain the origins of the orbital structure of the inner solar system. Several other features such as the rocky composition can also be explained by the early formation of rocky planetesimals.
Poder oracular e ecossistemas digitais de comunicação:
Authors: Nascimento Leonardo Fernandes , De Freitas Castro Fonseca Paulo , Pereira de Jesus Juciane , Batista de Oliveira Jéfte 
Published: October 2021

O Brasil tem se consolidado como um exemplo negativo para a gestão da crise sanitária na pandemia. Apesar disso, levantamentos recentes indicam que uma parte significativa da população mantém intacto seu apoio e confiança no governo federal e em sua estratégia de gestão da Covid-19. A fim de contribuir para a compreensão sobre como se caracterizam a epistemologia e a arquitetura comunicacional digital do bolsonarismo, este trabalho analisa, a partir do referencial teórico dos estudos sociais da ignorância, os debates sobre a pandemia de Covid-19 em um grupo de apoiadores do presidente Bolsonaro no Telegram. A partir de 188.198 mensagens de texto compartilhadas no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2020, foram filtradas e analisadas as comunicações relacionadas com três posicionamentos controversos do governo federal: a oposição às medidas de distanciamento social, a defesa do uso da hidroxicloroquina como tratamento precoce para a Covid-19 e, por fim, a negligência e/ou descrédito em relação à vacinação. Argumentamos ser possível compreender a atuação do presidente Bolsonaro como um exercício de poder oracular de um líder populista digital. Isto seria possibilitado pela a arquitetura das comunicações em redes digitais bolsonaristas, que se configuram como um ecossistema midiático multiplataforma baseado na sensação de uma conexão direta entre líder e povo. Além disso, a análise aponta que, ao contrário de negar a credibilidade e legitimidade da ciência, o bolsonarismo opera demarcações de fronteiras de ignorância por dentro da própria ciência.
Palavras-chave: Covid-19, ignorância, bolsonarismo.
Critical Care Nurses’ Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A US National Survey
Authors: Guttormson Jill L. , Calkins Kelly , McAndrew Natalie , Fitzgerald Jacklynn , Losurdo Holly , Loonsfoot Danielle 
Published: October 2021

Background
Given critical care nurses’ high prepandemic levels of moral distress and burnout, the COVID-19 pandemic will most likely have a tremendous influence on intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ mental health and continuation in the ICU workforce.

Objective
To describe the experiences of ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Methods
Nurses who worked in ICUs in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited to complete a survey from October 2020 through early January 2021 through social media and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Three open-ended questions focused on the experiences of ICU nurses during the pandemic.

Results
Of 498 nurses who completed the survey, 285 answered the open-ended questions. Nurses reported stress related to a lack of evidence-based treatment, poor patient prognosis, and lack of family presence in the ICU. Nurses perceived inadequate leadership support and inequity within the health care team. Lack of consistent community support to slow the spread of COVID-19 or recognition that COVID-19 was real increased nurses’ feelings of isolation. Nurses reported physical and emotional symptoms including exhaustion, anxiety, sleeplessness, and moral distress. Fear of contracting COVID-19 or of infecting family and friends was also prevalent.

Conclusions
Intensive care unit nurses in the United States experienced unprecedented and immense burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding these experiences provides insights into areas that must be addressed to build and sustain an ICU nurse workforce. Studies are needed to further describe nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify effective resources that support ICU nurse well-being.
Щодо необхідності розроблення та впровадження системи військово-медичних стандартів у Збройних Силах України
Authors: Livinskyi V. G. , Zhakhovsky V. O. , Ivanko O. M. , Ivchuk V. M. , Serebryakov O. M. 
Published: October 2021

Вступ. Системне реформування у сфері національної безпеки та оборони в Україні висуває високі вимоги до медичного забезпечення ЗС України. Одним із ефективних механізмів впливу держави на якість надання медичної допомоги військовослужбовцям є стандартизація медичного забезпечення, що спрямована на досягнення оптимального ступеня впорядкування в системі військової охорони здоров’я шляхом розроблення та впровадження норм, вимог, правил, технологій, робіт, послуг, що застосовуються в охороні здоров’я.
Мета. Обґрунтування необхідності розроблення системи військово-медичних стандартів та визначення порядку їх впровадження у систему медичного забезпечення Збройних Сил (ЗС) України.
Матеріали та методи. Використано законодавчі та нормативно-правові акти з питань охорони здоров’я, керівні документи щодо медичного забезпечення ЗС України, інформаційно-довідкові матеріали, монографії та наукові статті щодо опрацювання та провадження стандартів надання медичної допомоги, а також керівні документи з медичного забезпечення збройних сил держав-членів НАТО. Об’єкт дослідження – система медичного забезпечення ЗС України. Предмет дослідження – система військово-медичних стандартів у ЗС України. Методи дослідження: бібліографічний, аналітичний, системного підходу, узагальнення, прогностичний.
Результати. Вивчено та проаналізовано нормативно-правові акти, що визначають організацію та порядок медичного забезпечення ЗС України, необхідність впровадження військово-медичних стандартів у діяльність медичної служби, а також керівні документи з медичного забезпечення збройних сил держав-членів НАТО. Проведено дослідження стану розроблення та впровадження системи військово-медичних стандартів у ЗС України та встановлено, що до цього часу робота щодо стандартизації медичного забезпечення ЗС України не набула системного характеру, розроблено лише окремі документи з питань стандартизації надання медичної допомоги, підготовки військовослужбовців з тактичної медицини та медичного постачання. Загальна система військово-медичних стандартів у ЗС України залишається нерозробленою та не впровадженою.
Висновки. Робота щодо розроблення та впровадження системи військово-медичних стандартів у медичне забезпечення ЗС України залишається незавершеною, а система військово-медичних стандартів нерозробленою, що викликає необхідність проведення науково-дослідної роботи із зазначеної проблеми.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTITIONERS IN MANAGING MENTAL HEALTH IN WORKPLACES
Authors: Ochieng Olayo , Kamau Lewis 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This paper sought to examine the role of human Resource practitioners in managing mental health in workplaces.
Methodology: An exploratory research methodology was used in this study. Exploratory research design is used to study a problem that is not clearly defined. It is carried out to gain a better understanding of the problem at hand but will not provide conclusive results. The study examined the studies that have been carried out on the subject. This means that the study was based on a desk review of existing studies and documented statistics. In addition, it cited the legal framework on mental health. A narrative analysis was performed and at this point the information was interpreted by comparing the results with the results of other empirical studies. This information was interpreted using the “stories in the stories” and linked to the existing literature.
Results: Human Resource practitioners are faced with a lot of tough situations. One of such key challenges is learning that an employee is struggling with mental health. The study found that human Resource practitioners are not well educated on the subject. Thus, their initial response to employees with mental health has impacted negatively on the employees.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This paper aimed to enrich knowledge on the role of human Resource practitioners (HRP) in addressing mental health. The paper recommends scholars and human resource practitioners to conduct further research since the work environment has evolved in the past decade, and has been affected by major technological development and the health pandemic. Further, the study recommends labour industry stakeholders to train HRM on how to handle employees with mental health. It recommends the occupational safety and health laws should be amended to require organizations to have mental health policy. Finally, the health policy responses to the crisis therefore need to focus on both physical and mental health interventions.
The Relationship of the Family Role as a Medication Supervisor with Medication Adherence in Children with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jember City Area
Authors: Qulud Arum Pratiwi  , Sulistyorini Lantin , Kurniawati Dini 
Published: October 2021

Pulmonary tuberculosis in children is a contagious infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that attacks the lungs of children. The family is the closest person who is trusted and willing to help the treatment process voluntarily so that there is no risk of dropping out of drugs or the occurrence of death due to pulmonary tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the family role and medication adherencein children with pulmonary tuberculosis in Jember city area. This study used a cross sectional research design and was conducted on 32 families who act as medication supervisors in children with pulmonary tuberculosis and conducted by total sampling. The measuring instrument used a questionnaire on the family role as a medication supervisor and a medication adherence questionnaire in children with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results showed that the family role in the good category was 25 children and medication adherence was low as many as 19 children. The results of Spearman's test statistic showed that there was a relationship between the role of the family as a medication supervisor with medication adherence in children with pulmonary tuberculosis with a p value <0.05, namely 0.12 <0.05. The strength of the moderate relationship with an r value of 0.438 indicates a unidirectional relationship. The conclusion of this study was that there is a relationship between the family role as a medicationsupervisor with medication adherence in children with pulmonary tuberculosis in Jember city area.
Keywords: Family Role, Medication Adherence, Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children
PERFIL DE MICRORGANISMOS ISOLADOS DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS EM UM HOSPITAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Santo Amanda Ribeiro Espírito , Moreira Ricardo Castanho , Matsumoto Leopoldo Sussumu , Furtado Eliane Da Luz , Hirai Cláudio Queniti 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: identificar o perfil de microrganismos isolados de amostras biológicas de pacientes internados em um Hospital do Paraná.Método: pesquisa descritiva e retrospectiva, com coleta de dados de fonte secundária, desenvolvida em um hospital do Paraná (Brasil), referente a 2018. A população do estudo foi composta por amostras biológicas de 226 pacientes admitidos durante o período de 01 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2018. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva.Resultado: a idade média dos pacientes foi de 60,41 anos e maioria mulheres. Das amostras biológicas, 70 tiveram resultados positivos para identificação bacteriana. O aspirado traqueal apresentou maior positividade a microrganismos, com 30%. Os microrganismos mais frequentes foram Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp. e Proteus sp.Conclusão: o estudo contribui para a assistência hospitalar, por produzir conhecimento do perfil microbiológico e sua resistência a antibióticos.
INTERVENÇÕES BREVES JUNTO A UTENTES DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA EM USO DE RISCO E NOCIVO DE ÁLCOOL
Authors: Branco Fernanda Matos Fernandes Castelo , Ferreira Ana Cristina Pais Abreu , Barroso Tereza Maria Mendes Diniz de Andrade 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito das intervenções breves na redução do consumo de álcool em utentes de uma Unidade de Saúde Familiar.Método: estudo pré-experimental, avaliação antes e depois (quatro meses) de 205 utentes (grupo único). Utilizou-se o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A coleta ocorreu em Coimbra, Portugal, nos meses de maio/junho e setembro/outubro de 2019. Utilizou-se o teste Wilcoxon para avaliação dos efeitos das intervenções.Resultados: na primeira avaliação, 189 (92,2%) encontravam-se na zona I; 15 (7,3%) na zona II e 1 (0,5%) na zona IV. No seguimento, quatro meses após as intervenções com os 15 utentes que pontuaram zona 2, teve-se perda da amostra de 5, demonstrando que 6 (60%) pontuaram zona I, 3 (30%) zona II e 1 (10%) zona III.Conclusão: as intervenções breves são recursos efetivos na detecção precoce do consumo de álcool, sendo necessários à disseminação nos cuidados primários à saúde.