bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of jujube extract‐loaded electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber for strawberry preservation
Authors: Zeinali Tayyebeh , Alemzadeh Esmat , Zarban Asghar , Khorashadizadeh Mohsen , Ansarifar Elham 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, using of natural ingredients gains much attention in the field of food science and active packaging. In this study, first, jujube extract was investigated for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and then, the effect of electrospun PVA/JE (jujube extract loaded into Poly vinyl alcohol) nanofiber as active packaging was evaluated to increase the shelf‐life of strawberry. PVA/ZE nanofiber film was prepared using electrospinning method, and their morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fruit preservation abilities of the nanofiber film were tested on strawberries. The strawberries were then kept at 4℃ for 15 days and characterized in terms of their properties (weight loss, TSS, firmness, and sensory analysis). Results indicated that flavonoid content of jujube extract ranged from 4.80 ± 0.01 to 13.54 ± 0.08 mg CEQ/100 g, and the DPPH free radical‐scavenging activity was from 210 ± 2.66 to 1498 ± 2.65 (GAE/g DW). The jujube extract also presented potent antibacterial activity against the investigated bacteria and fungi. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanofibers had a linear morphology and bead‐free structure; however, PVA/JE (jujube extract encapsulated into PVA nanofiber) had strip and flat organization. Strawberries in control group showed signs of decay and a decrease in visual appearance on the 6th. However, fruits in PVA/JE group had acceptable overall appearance for marketing, as no obvious sign of decay was observed on 12th day of storage. Active packaging containing herbal extracts and essential oils preserves the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the fruits.
Glial TDP‐43 and TDP‐43 induced glial pathology, focus on neurodegenerative proteinopathy syndromes
Authors: Prater Katherine E. , Latimer Caitlin S. , Jayadev Suman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince its discovery in 2006, TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) has driven rapidly evolving research in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and limbic predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy (LATE). TDP‐43 mislocalization or aggregation is the hallmark of TDP‐43 proteinopathy and is associated with cognitive impairment that can be mapped to its regional deposition. Studies in human tissue and model systems demonstrate that TDP‐43 may potentiate other proteinopathies such as the amyloid or tau pathology seen in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in the combination of AD+LATE. Despite this growing body of literature, there remain gaps in our understanding of whether there is heterogeneity in TDP‐43 driven mechanisms across cell types. The growing observations of correlation between TDP‐43 proteinopathy and glial pathology suggest a relationship between the two, including pathogenic glial cell‐autonomous dysfunction and dysregulated glial immune responses to neuronal TDP‐43. In this review, we discuss the available data on TDP‐43 in glia within the context of the neurodegenerative diseases ALS and FTLD and highlight the current lack of information about glial TDP‐43 interaction in AD+LATE. TDP‐43 has proven to be a significant modulator of cognitive and neuropathological outcomes. A deeper understanding of its role in diverse cell types may provide relevant insights into neurodegenerative syndromes.
Effects of social and emotional context on neural activation and synchrony during movie viewing
Authors: Dziura Sarah L. , Merchant Junaid S. , Alkire Diana , Rashid Adnan , Shariq Deena , Moraczewski Dustin , Redcay Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSharing emotional experiences impacts how we perceive and interact with the world, but the neural mechanisms that support this sharing are not well characterized. In this study, participants (N = 52) watched videos in an MRI scanner in the presence of an unfamiliar peer. Videos varied in valence and social context (i.e., participants believed their partner was viewing the same (joint condition) or a different (solo condition) video). Reported togetherness increased during positive videos regardless of social condition, indicating that positive contexts may lessen the experience of being alone. Two analysis approaches were used to examine both sustained neural activity averaged over time and dynamic synchrony throughout the videos. Both approaches revealed clusters in the medial prefrontal cortex that were more responsive to the joint condition. We observed a time‐averaged social‐emotion interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, although this region did not demonstrate synchrony effects. Alternatively, social‐emotion interactions in the amygdala and superior temporal sulcus showed greater neural synchrony in the joint compared to solo conditions during positive videos, but the opposite pattern for negative videos. These findings suggest that positive stimuli may be more salient when experienced together, suggesting a mechanism for forming social bonds.
A national study of health‐related quality of life in patients with cancer of the base of the tongue compared to the general population and to patients with tonsillar carcinoma
Authors: Berg Malin , Adnan Ali , Högmo Anders , Sjödin Helena , Gebre‐Medhin Maria , Laurell Göran , Reizenstein Johan , Farnebo Lovisa , Norberg Lena Spaak , Notstam Isak , Holmberg Erik , Cange Hedda Haugen , Hammerlid Eva ,   Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR)
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis exploratory, registry‐based, cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in a subsite of oropharyngeal cancer: cancer of the base of the tongue (CBT).MethodsCBT patients, treated with curative intent, completed the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐H&N35 questionnaires 15 months after diagnosis. The HRQOL of CBT patients was compared to reference scores from the general population and to that of tonsillar carcinoma patients.ResultsThe 190 CBT patients scored significantly worse than members of the general population on most scales. CBT patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)‐positive tumors had significantly better HRQOL on 8 of 28 scales than HPV‐negative patients. Compared to 405 tonsillar carcinoma patients, CBT patients had significantly worse HRQOL on 8 of the 28 scales, the majority local head and neck related problems.ConclusionOne year after treatment, CBT patients' HRQOL was significantly worse in many areas compared to that of the general population and slightly worse than that of tonsillar carcinoma patients.
Numerical prediction of heat transfer characteristics on a turbine nozzle guide vane under various combustor exit hot‐streaks
Authors: Mansouri Zakaria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe precise prediction of the aerothermal conditions at the outlet of modern combustors of aero engines is of primary interest in the aerothermal design of high‐pressure turbines. The use of high swirling flows to stabilize the flame in the new generation of lean‐burn combustors (LBCs) leads to shorter combustor length and high degrees of unsteady temperature. These aspects generate high levels of turbulence and complex temperature nonuniformity patterns at the combustor–turbine interface. Therefore, the nozzle guide vane (NGV) located at the interface exhibits a high inlet temperature gradient called a hot‐streak. The transport mechanism of the hot‐streak across the NGV needs to be decrypted to increase turbine service life and enhance its performance. In this context, the present study aims to examine numerically the effect of three new distorted hot‐streak gradients on the heat transfer characteristics across a turbine NGV. An innovative LBC is used to generate the three inlet hot‐streaks, which are highly swirled and distorted similar to real aero‐engine conditions. The use of such a generation approach avoids any simplification associated with uniform or circular contours that are widely used by researchers. A solid NGV cascade developed by NASA is adopted for the investigations. The results show significant differences in the thermal field on the cascade at each distorted thermal condition. The transport of the hot‐streak behaves differently under axial and swirl conditions. The presence of a swirl induces flow mixing and results in thermal load increasing on the cascade surfaces (NGV, hub, and shroud).
Afatinib treatment in a large real‐world cohort of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with common and uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutation
Authors: Huang Chi‐Hsien , Ju Jia‐Shiuan , Chiu Tzu‐Hsuan , Huang Allen Chung‐Cheng , Tung Pi‐Hung , Wang Chin‐Chou , Liu Chien‐Ying , Chung Fu‐Tsai , Fang Yueh‐Fu , Guo Yi‐Ke , Kuo Chih‐Hsi Scott , Yang Cheng‐Ta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) afatinib improves survival in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation. We analysed the outcome between EGFR mutation subtypes in a large afatinib‐treated cohort in which 516 EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients receiving afatinib as front‐line treatment. EGFR uncommon mutations include exon 20 insertion, de novo T790M of high or low allele frequency (dT790MHAF/dT790MLAF), non‐T790M compound mutation and others, where EGFR exon 20 insertion and dT790MHAF were defined as type‐I and the rest as type‐II uncommon mutation. Four hundred and sixty‐one (89.3%) and 55 (10.7%) patients were common and uncommon mutation, respectively. Exon 20 insertion and dT790MHAF patients demonstrated a significantly shortened progression‐free survival (PFS) (2.6 and 4.1 months) compared to EGFR common mutation, dT790MLAF and other uncommon mutation patients (15.1, 27.0 and 18.4 months; P = 3 × 10−8). Type‐I uncommon mutation was an independent predictor of PFS (HR 4.46 [95% CI, 2.60‐7.64]; P < .001) and OS (HR 2.56 [95% CI, 1.37‐4.75]; P = .003). EGFR L858R patients demonstrated a significantly higher CNS progression (cause‐specific HR, 3.16; 95% CI 1.24‐8.08; P = .016), and type‐I uncommon mutation patients exhibited a significantly higher systemic progression (cause‐specific HR, 4.95; 95% CI 2.30‐10.60; P = 4.3 × 10−5). Tendencies of higher CNS and lower systemic progression were observed in type‐II uncommon mutation patients. A PFS ≥ 12 months (OR 2.38 [95% CI, 1.18‐4.89]; P = .016) and uncommon EGFR mutation (OR 0.08 [95% CI, 0.01‐0.48]; P = .021) were independent predictors of secondary T790M. Afatinib‐treated NSCLC patients presented an EGFR genotype‐specific pattern of disease progression and outcome.
Conformity on moral, social conventional and decency issues in the United Kingdom and Kuwait
Authors: Alshaalan Hessah , Gummerum Michaela 
Published: September 2021

Theories in moral psychology have debated whether people's moral judgements are influenced by social processes, such as others' opinions, arguments, and actions. This research investigated conformity with moral, social conventional and decency issues in adults from the United Kingdom (Study 1, N = 50) and Kuwait (Study 2, N = 164). Participants first had to make individual judgements regarding moral, social conventional and decency transgressions. Using a conformity paradigm with low social presence, 5–10 days afterwards participants were presented with the judgements of a more permissive majority. British participants conformed to the majority for decency, and to a lesser extent moral, transgressions. Kuwaiti participants conformed across domains. Furthermore, females in Kuwait conformed more than males. These findings are discussed with reference to the influence of cultural, moral and gender norms on conformity. Furthermore, we consider the contributions of these findings in light of theories of moral judgement and conformity.
A case of sarcoidosis‐like reaction associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Katagiri Akiyoshi , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Ikeda Taro 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors are one of the standard treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Among immune‐related adverse events, the sarcoidosis‐like reaction is frequently difficult to differentiate from cancer progression.Case presentationA 58‐year‐old man with renal cell carcinoma with multiple lung metastases was treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab after nephrectomy. Computed tomography after three courses of treatment revealed hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathies, pleural nodules, and pulmonary interstitial lesions, whereas lung metastases were markedly regressed. Considering positive findings of Gallium scintigraphy and serological tests together, we clinically judged the new lesions as a sarcoidosis‐like reaction and continued the treatment until cessation by liver dysfunction. After discontinuation of the immunotherapy, the sarcoidosis‐like reaction was regressed without cancer relapse.ConclusionWe report here the first case of a clinically diagnosed sarcoidosis‐like reaction in metastatic renal cell carcinoma following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Knockdown of ST6Gal‐I expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells inhibits their exosome‐mediated proliferation‐ and migration‐promoting effects
Authors: Wang Liping , Chen Xixi , Wang Lingyan , Wang Shujing , Li Wenli , Liu Yubo , Zhang Jianing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbnormal sialylation is a distinctive feature of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is closely related to its malignant properties. Exosomes have characteristic protein and lipid composition; however, the results concerning glycoprotein composition and glycosylation are scarce. In this study, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) identified multiple microvesicle‐related sialylated proteins including CD63, a classic marker of exosomes. The silencing of α2,6‐sialyltransferase I (ST6Gal‐I) significantly reduced the levels of α2,6‐sialylated glycoconjugates on CD63 and the surface of HCC‐derived exosomes (HCC‐exo). And surface glycoconjugates play important roles in exosomes biogenesis and in their interaction with other cells. Compared to exosomes derived from naive HCC cells, α2,6‐sialylation degradation abolished both the proliferation‐promoting and migration‐promoting effects of HCC‐exo. Further analysis revealed that the Akt/GSK‐3β or JNK1/2 signaling mediates HCC‐exo‐mediated proliferation in HCC cells, while ST6Gal‐I silencing deactivated this pathway. These findings suggest that a loss of α2,6‐sialylation decreases HCC progression through the loss of cancer cell‐derived exosomes; furthermore, it opens novel perspectives to further explore the functional role of glycans in the biology of exosomes.
Synthesis of ethyl levulinate from cellulose over a double acid site catalyst
Authors: Huang Zhihang , Hao Songyuan , Yuan Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA novel double acid site solid catalyst (Al‐OCS‐0.1) having an ordered mesoporous structure was synthesized by grafting sulfonic acid groups on an oxidized ordered mesoporous carbon (OOMC) support and loading 10% Al2(SO4)3.RESULTAssessments using Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction showed that the OMC structure remained unchanged after the chemical modification and Al2(SO4)3 loading. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and average pore size of Al‐OCS‐0.1 decreased to 181 m2 g−1 and 7.1 nm after loading Al2(SO4)3, respectively. Ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD) and Pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy (Py‐IR) demonstrated that Al‐OCS‐0.1 had abundant Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. The ammonia desorption of Al‐OCS‐0.1 increased from 2.0 to 7.2 mmol g−1 after loading Al2(SO4)3.CONCLUSIONThe Al‐OCS‐0.1 was used to catalyze the synthesis of ethyl levulinate from cellulose in ethanol and gave an extremely high yield of 50.8 mol% after 5 h at 200 °C. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in a structured bed reactor subjected to intermittent aeration (SBRIA): effect of support material diameter and bed porosity
Authors: de Souza João VR , Silva Bruno G , dos Santos Carla ED , de Souza Theo SO , de Moura Rafael B 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA structured bed reactor subjected to intermittent aeration (SBRIA) is a new reactor configuration that simultaneously promotes the removal of COD and nitrogen in a single reactor. Although studies have shown positive results with this reactor model, some reactor construction and operation parameters remain empirical. This study aimed to optimise the support material diameter and bed porosity for simultaneous COD and total nitrogen (TN) removal in an SBRIA.RESULTSSupport material diameter and bed porosity did not affect COD removal and nitrification efficiencies, which achieved average values of 80% and 90%, respectively. However, the denitrification and TN removal efficiencies were significantly affected. The highest denitrification and TN removal were achieved by adopting a support material diameter of 3 cm and 60% of bed porosity.CONCLUSIONThe response surface methodology demonstrated that the increase in the support material diameter had a positive effect on denitrification due to the existence of an anoxic zone inside the PU foam. Conversely, when the system was operated at low support material diameters, the increase in the bed porosity increased the denitrification process, improving the overall TN removal. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Investigation of ICP‐MS/MS for total sulfur quantification in freshwater dissolved organic matter
Authors: Kneer Marissa L. , Lazarcik James , Ginder‐Vogel Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSulfur‐containing functional groups in dissolved organic matter (DOM) interact with trace metals, which in turn affects trace metal mobility and bioavailability in aquatic environments. Typical methods for identification and quantification of sulfur in DOM are costly, complex, and time intensive. Triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS) is capable of part per billion–level sulfur quantification in environmental samples and is a more accessible analytical technique compared with other available methods. This study is the first published investigation of ICP‐MS/MS for the direct quantification of sulfur in freshwater DOM. Sulfur (32S) detection occurs at a mass‐to‐charge ratio of 48 as 32S16O+ after removal of interferences and reaction with oxygen gas. We compare three commonly used DOM preparation methods to assess variability among replicate samples. Preparation of freshwater DOM samples by solid phase extraction followed by evaporation overnight and dissolution in 2% nitric acid results in the most accurate quantification of sulfur. Analysis of sulfur in Suwannee River Fulvic Acid standard serves as method validation, measuring a carbon‐normalized sulfur concentration that is ∼20% higher than previously reported methods. We apply the ICP‐MS/MS analysis method to determine sulfur concentrations in DOM from nine lakes in the northern Midwest. Carbon‐normalized sulfur concentrations in the selected lakes are in general agreement with previously reported percentages of sulfur‐containing formulas in DOM found by Fourier transform–ion cyclotron resonance–mass spectroscopy.
Management of phosphorus nutrient amid climate change for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Maharajan Theivanayagam , Ceasar Stanislaus Antony , Krishna Thumadath Palayullaparambil Ajeesh , Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNutrients are essential for plant growth and development and influence overall agricultural production. Phosphorus (P) is a major nutrient required for many physiological and biochemical functions of a plant. Phosphate rock is the major source of phosphate fertilizer but is becoming increasingly limited in both developing and developed countries. The resources of phosphate rock need to be conserved, and import dependency on phosphate fertilizer needs to be minimized; this will help increase the availability of phosphate fertilizer over the next 300 yr. Climate change creates new challenges in the management of nutrients including P, affecting the overall production of crops. The availability, acquisition, and translocation of P are influenced by the fluctuation of temperatures, pH, drought, and elevated CO2. Both lower and higher soil temperatures reduce uptake and translocation of P. High soil pH affects P concentration and decreases the rate of plant P uptake. Low soil pH decreases the activity of soil microorganisms, the rate of transpiration, and P uptake and utilization. Elevated CO2 decreases P uptake from soil by the plants. Future research is needed on chemical, molecular, microbiological, and physiological aspects to improve the understanding on how temperature, pH, drought, and elevated CO2 affect the availability, acquisition, and transport of P by plants. Better P management strategies are required to secure the P supply to ensure long‐term protection of soil fertility and to avoid environmental impacts such as eutrophication and water pollution, ensuring sustainable food production.
Standardized applications for genetic counseling graduate programs: Opinions of program directors
Authors: Beasley Erin , Mauer Caitlin , Mersch Jacqueline , Pirzadeh‐Miller Sara , Lahiri Sayoni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenetic Counseling Graduate Programs (GCGPs) have progressively increased in number and class size, and implementation of the National Matching Services in 2018 was a major step toward streamlining the admissions process. Standardized applications (SAs), which have been incorporated into the admissions process for undergraduate studies as well as several professional graduate programs, could also be considered for GCGPs. In this study, we assessed the opinions of GCGP Program Directors (PDs) regarding the implementation of an SA for GCGP admissions processes. GCGP PDs participated in an anonymous online survey designed to evaluate interest in an SA and assess perceived implementation barriers. The survey collected GCGP and PD demographic information, data on current application components, and PD opinions of an SA. Thirty PDs were included in this study, and just over half (n = 16/30, 53.3%) reported their current application structure would allow for SA implementation. While 40% (n = 12/30) of respondents anticipated an SA would benefit GCGPs, an additional 23.3% (n = 7/30) anticipated no impact to GCGPs. Most respondents (n = 26/30, 86.6%) anticipated that an SA would be beneficial for GCGP applicants. The main perceived benefit to GCGPs was an efficient application process, while perceived benefits to applicants included decreased redundancy and increased application access. Perceived harms to GCGPs included more generic applications, while perceived harms to applicants included increased competition for admission to individual GCGPs. The most common SA implementation barrier cited by respondents was current administrative structures. This study demonstrates that while GCGP leadership largely perceives an SA to be beneficial for applicants, opinions on impact to GCGPs vary. While the majority of respondents perceive implementation of an SA to be feasible, there are implementation barriers that must be addressed. Interestingly, GCGP leadership had mixed perceptions about the structure of a hypothetical SA, and thus overall impact, demonstrating the need for further study.