bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is implant surgery a risk factor for osteonecrosis of the jaw in older adult patients with osteoporosis? A national cohort propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Ryu Jae‐In , Kim Ha‐Young , Kwon Yong‐Dae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between dental implant therapy and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in osteoporotic patients and the relationship between tooth extraction, dental implantation, and ONJ.Material and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the Customized Health Information Data from the National Health Insurance Corporation in South Korea. The study population included patients older than 70 years with a history of osteoporosis; the cases included patients who had undergone dental implant surgery between July 2014 and July 2016 with specific procedure codes. The case and control cohorts were stratified by tooth extraction because it was the strongest risk factor to consider in this study. Each group of patients was matched using the propensity score. To investigate the relationship between dental implants and ONJ, a Cox proportional hazard model was applied to socio‐economic factors, comorbidities, and bisphosphonates (BPs). All analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software.ResultsBased on the fully adjusted model, the propensity score‐matched osteoporosis patients with dental implants had a 0.51 times hazard ratio of osteonecrosis. On the contrary, tooth extraction was associated with a higher risk of ONJ (HR = 5.89). The patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those using BPs had a higher HR, respectively, 6.80 and 4.09 HR (p < .001).ConclusionsDental implantation was not a risk factor and patients with implants show rather lower ratios. However, older osteoporotic Korean patients who had undergone tooth extraction had higher risks of ONJ. A significantly higher risk of ONJ was associated with RA and BPs as well.
Assessment of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium sichuanense) infection in spruce trees by using hyperspectral data
Authors: Xiong Dianguang , Huang Huayi , Wang Zezhong , Li Zhouyuan , Tian Chengming 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumspp.,Viscaceae) (DM), a hemiparasitic plant, is nutritionally dependent upon its host tree and causes tree mortality in forests worldwide. Dwarf mistletoe infection results in physiological changes in the host, eventually causing the death of the host tree. In this study, we evaluated the changes in leaf reflectance of spruce trees,Picea crassifolia, infected by DM (Arceuthobium sichuanense) with ground‐based hyperspectral technology. A total of 112 sample sites were selected for analysis in the eastern part of Qinghai Province, China, including healthy spruce tree, light DM‐infected spruce tree, moderate DM‐infected spruce tree and high DM‐infected spruce tree in each site. The results showed that leaf reflectance was significantly different among healthy spruce, DM‐infected spruce, DM and dead spruce in the near‐infrared regions ranging from ~750 to 900 nm. Dwarf mistletoe infection resulted in the increase of leaf reflectance of host tree, and the intensity of DM infection was positively related to reflectance. However, five selected hyperspectral indices that commonly used to estimate the physiological status of plants (carotenoid reflectance index, photochemical reflectance index, normalized difference vegetation index, structure‐insensitive pigment index and water index) were not linearly correlated with the intensity of DM infection. Collectively, the hyperspectral characteristics of spruce infected by DM can be potentially used to detect DM‐induced changes on a landscape scale with satellite remote sensing, which can be used as an efficient advanced tool for DM disease monitoring.
Long‐term effects of pallidal and thalamic deep brain stimulation in myoclonus dystonia
Authors: Krause Patricia , Koch Kristin , Gruber Doreen , Kupsch Andreas , Gharabaghi Alireza , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveObservational study to evaluate long‐term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) on patients with medically refractory myoclonus dystonia (MD).BackgroundMore recently, pallidal as well as thalamic DBS have been applied successfully in MD but long‐term data are sparse.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of seven MD patients with either separate (n = 1, VIM) or combined GPi‐ DBS and VIM‐DBS (n = 6). Myoclonus, dystonia and disability were rated at baseline (BL), short‐term (ST‐FU) and long‐term follow‐up (LT‐FU) using the United Myoclonus Rating Scale, Burke−Fahn−Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) and Tsui rating scale, respectively. Quality of life (QoL) and mood were evaluated using the SF‐36 and Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires, respectively.ResultsPatients reached a significant reduction of myoclonus at ST‐FU (62% ± 7.3%; mean ± SE) and LT‐FU (68% ± 3.4%). While overall motor BFMDRS changes were not significant at LT‐FU, patients with GPi‐DBS alone responded better and predominant cervical dystonia ameliorated significantly up to 54% ± 9.7% at long‐term. Mean disability scores significantly improved by 44% ± 11.4% at ST‐FU and 58% ± 14.8% at LT‐FU. Mood and QoL remained unchanged between 5 and up to 20 years postoperatively. No serious long‐lasting stimulation‐related adverse events were observed.ConclusionsWe present a cohort of MD patients with very long follow‐up of pallidal and/or thalamic DBS that supports the GPi as the favourable stimulation target in MD with safe and sustaining effects on motor symptoms (myoclonus>dystonia) and disability.
Complex effects of eslicarbazepine on inhibitory micro networks in chronic experimental epilepsy
Authors: Schmidt Sarah , Pothmann Leonie , Müller‐Komorowska Daniel , Opitz Thoralf , Soares da Silva Patrício , Beck Heinz 
Published: January 2021

SummaryObjectiveMany antiseizure drugs (ASDs) act on voltage‐dependent sodium channels, and the molecular basis of these effects is well established. In contrast, how ASDs act on the level of neuronal networks is much less understood.MethodsIn the present study, we determined the effects of eslicarbazepine (S‐Lic) on different types of inhibitory neurons, as well as inhibitory motifs. Experiments were performed in hippocampal slices from both sham‐control and chronically epileptic pilocarpine‐treated rats.ResultsWe found that S‐Lic causes an unexpected reduction of feed‐forward inhibition in the CA1 region at high concentrations (300 µM), but not at lower concentrations (100 µM). Concurrently, 300 but not 100 μM S‐Lic significantly reduced maximal firing rates in putative feed‐forward interneurons located in the CA1 stratum radiatum of sham‐control and epileptic animals. In contrast, feedback inhibition was not inhibited by S‐Lic. Instead, application of S‐Lic, in contrast to previous data for other drugs like carbamazepine (CBZ), resulted in a lasting potentiation of feedback inhibitory post‐synaptic currents (IPSCs) only in epileptic and not in sham‐control animals, which persisted after washout of S‐Lic. We hypothesized that this plasticity of inhibition might rely on anti‐Hebbian potentiation of excitatory feedback inputs onto oriens‐lacunosum moleculare (OLM) interneurons, which is dependent on Ca2+‐permeable α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Indeed, we show that blocking Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors completely prevents upmodulation of feedback inhibition.SignificanceThese results suggest that S‐Lic affects inhibitory circuits in the CA1 hippocampal region in unexpected ways. In addition, ASD actions may not be sufficiently explained by acute effects on their target channels, rather, it may be necessary to take plasticity of inhibitory circuits into account.
Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis‐ and Spartina alterniflora‐derived biochars
Authors: Wang Wei , Bai Junhong , Lu Qiongqiong , Zhang Guangliang , Wang Dawei , Jia Jia , Guan Yanan , Yu Lu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiochar produced by pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen‐limited conditions has recently attracted increasing attention. To investigate the effects of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics, Phragmites australis straw and Spartina alterniflora straw were used to produce biochars at different temperatures from 300 to 500°C with an increment of 50°C. The biochars were characterized by their yields, ash contents, elemental compositions (i.e., carbon [C], hydrogen [H], oxygen [O], and nitrogen [N]), functional groups, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, carbon sequestration potential, higher heating values (HHVs), and production costs. The results illustrated that pyrolysis temperature negatively affected biochar yields, H and O contents. In contrast, biochar produced at high temperature showed high ash contents, C contents, HHVs, and stronger aromaticity with low H/C and O/C ratios. In addition, S. alterniflora‐derived biochar (SB) contained higher ash content but lower C/H/N/O contents and HHVs than P. australis‐derived biochar (PB; p < 0.05). In addition, DOC contents in both SB and PB declined as temperature increased, and SB exhibited higher DOC contents than PB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that absorption intensities of –OH, C=O, –CH, and –C–O–C‐stretching vibration declined with increasing temperature. The stability of the biochars was enhanced at high temperatures, and the biochar derived from S. alterniflora at 500°C might have a better carbon sequestration potential according to thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, cost analysis showed that the production cost of biochar with large‐scale reactor was lower than that with bench‐scale reactor, and SB had a higher cost than PB due to the price of feedstock and drying process for the former. Our results could offer effective information on resource utilization of P. australis and S. alterniflora straw and are valuable for optimizing pyrolysis temperature to tune P. australis and S. alterniflora biochar properties for specific environmental usage.
Evolutionary time best explains the latitudinal diversity gradient of living freshwater fish diversity
Authors: Miller Elizabeth Christina , Román‐Palacios Cristian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe evolutionary causes of the latitudinal diversity gradient are debated. Hypotheses have ultimately invoked either faster rates of diversification in the tropics or more time for diversification owing to the tropical origins of higher taxa. Here, we perform the first test of the diversification rate and time hypotheses in freshwater ray‐finned fishes, a group comprising nearly a quarter of all living vertebrates.LocationGlobal.Time period368–0 Ma.Major taxa studiedExtant freshwater ray‐finned fishes.MethodsUsing a mega‐phylogeny of actinopterygian fishes and a global database of occurrence records, we estimated net diversification rates, the number of colonizations and regional colonization times of co‐occurring species in freshwater drainage basins. We used generalized additive models to test whether these factors were related to latitude. We then compared the influence of diversification rates, numbers of colonizations, colonization times and surface area on species richness, and how these factors are related to each other.ResultsAlthough both diversification rates and time were related to richness, time had greater explanatory power and was more strongly related to latitude than diversification rates. Other factors (basin surface area and number of colonizations) also helped to explain richness but were unrelated to latitude. The most diverse freshwater basins of the world (Amazon and Congo rivers) were dominated by lineages having Mesozoic origins. The temperate groups dominant today arrived near the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, leaving comparatively less time to build richness. Diversification rates and colonization times were inversely related: recently colonized basins had the fastest rates, whereas ancient species‐rich faunas had slower rates.Main conclusionsWe concluded that time is the leading driver of latitudinal disparities in richness in freshwater fish faunas. We suggest that the most likely path to building very high species richness is through diversification over long periods of time, rather than through rapid diversification.
Higher experimental ambient temperature decreases female incubation attentiveness in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and lower effort yields negligible energy savings
Authors: Ton Riccardo , Hurley Laura L. , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: January 2021

In birds, ambient temperature can influence adult incubation behaviour, energy budget, egg temperature and embryonic development, with downstream effects on offspring survival. Surprisingly, experimental manipulations of the whole nesting environment to test causes and consequences of variation in incubation pattern, energy balance, egg temperature and the duration of development are lacking to date. Here, we bred pairs of Zebra FinchesTaeniopygia guttataunder controlled conditions at 18 and 30 °C and measured clutch size, temperature, hatching success, parental attentiveness and the length of the embryonic period. We found that when breeding at the higher temperature, males, but not females, increased the number of incubation bouts on the nest. Instead, females, but not males, reduced their attentiveness towards the clutch overall. Eggs showed no temperature differences between the two treatments and bigger clutches experienced lower temperatures. This suggests that parental behaviour may buffer the effect of ambient conditions on the thermal profile of eggs, including species with high rates of parental attentiveness. Warmer conditions yielded higher hatching rates but did not cause measurable differences in the length of embryonic development. Still, smaller clutches hatched earlier in accordance with the higher temperature experienced. Additionally, we used data from the literature to calculate parental energy expenditure and demonstrate that this was substantially different across the two treatments, although predicted energy savings from reduced attentiveness at 30 °C appeared negligible. These results suggest that when food is available, ambient temperature and not energy trade‐offs may explain variation in incubation behaviour.
Studies on processing of layered oxide‐bonded porous sic ceramic filter materials
Authors: Dey Atanu , Kayal Nijhuma , Chakrabarti Omprakash , Fortes Nilo M. , Innocentini Murilo D. M. , Molla Atiar R. , Sinha Prasanta , Dalui Srikanta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxide‐bonded porous SiC ceramic filter supports were prepared using SiC powder (d50 = 212 µm), Al2O3, and clay as bond forming additives and graphite as pore former following reaction bonding of powder compacts at 1400°C in air. Reaction bonding characteristics, phase composition, porosity, pore size, mechanical strength, and microstructure of porous SiC ceramic supports were investigated. Mullite bond phase formation kinetics was studied following the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model using non‐isothermal differential thermal analysis (DTA) data. Compared to porous SiC ceramic filter supports having no needle‐like mullite bond phase, materials processed by the mullite bonding technique exhibited higher average strength (22.1%) and elastic modulus (5.4%) at a similar porosity level of ~38%, with upper and lower bounds of their strength, modulus, and porosity being 39.1 MPa, 40.2 GPa, and 36.3% and 34.2 MPa, 31.3 GPa, and 33.0%, respectively. Spray coating method was applied for preparation of oxidation‐bonded SiC filtration layer having thickness of ~150 µm and pore size of ~5–20 µm over the porous SiC support compacts using aqueous slurry made of fine SiC powder (d50 = 15 µm) followed by sintering. The layered ceramics thus prepared are potential materials for gas filter applications.
Research focus and thematic trends in magnet hospital research: A bibliometric analysis of the global publications
Authors: Yang Weimei , Liu Yu , Zeng Tieying , Wang Ying , Hao Xinying , Yang Weiqiang , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThe study aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the research on magnet hospital from 1988‐2020.DesignA statistical and visualization bibliometric analysis was conducted between February‐May 2020.MethodsThe information was extracted from Web of Science by the topic advanced search strategy. HistCite‐Pro, Excel, GunnMap, BibExcel and VOSviewer were used to extract, integrate and visualize the bibliometric information. Furthermore, the research contents of the core‐authors were explored and summarized by reviewing all the published articles.ResultsArticles (N = 396) published in 107 journals were retrieved in the Web of Science from 1988‐2020. The USA (N = 319) and University of Pennsylvania (N = 38) were the most productive country and institution respectively. Author co‐citation and bibliographic‐coupling network analysis identified that Aiken, Kramer, Laschinger, Schmalenberg, Lake and Johantgen were the major contributors and leaders in this field. According to the research content of the main contributors and keyword co‐occurrence analysis result, the research focus could be divided into four parts: the mechanism leading to the outcomes differences for magnet hospital, the evidence‐based practice, the outcomes comparison between magnet hospital and non‐magnet hospital and the practice environment.ConclusionThis bibliometric study offered a comprehensive overview of current study status of magnet hospital and this area has been drawn increasing attention over the years. However, the research on magnet hospital is still relative limited and needs to be paid more attention, especially in developing countries.ImpactThis study showed the most contributed countries, journals, institutions, authors and the main themes related to magnet hospital, which would help researchers find potential partners, optimize and deepen future research, such as enhancing the magnet hospital research in developing countries, improving the evidence‐based research and considering the impact caused by different culture. Furthermore, this study can also give suggestions for magnet hospital policy makers.
Effects of four constant temperatures on the development of two Bradysia (Diptera: Sciaridae) species
Authors: Gou Yuping , Guo Sufan , Quandahor Peter , Li Chunchun , Zhang Qiangyan , Zhou Jing‐Jiang , Liu Chang‐Zhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effects of temperature on the growth, development, survival, fecundity and other population parameters of two local Bradysia species B. odoriphaga and B. impatiens were studied at four constant temperatures (25, 28, 31 and 34°C). The results show that 25°C is the optimum temperature for the growth and development of B. odoriphaga, while 28°C is more favourable for B. impatiens. The temperature of 31°C restricted the growth and development, while the temperature of 34°C inhibited the eggs hatching in both species, resulting in no egg survival and no subsequent development. High temperatures (>28°C) prolonged the 4th larval stage duration, mean generation time (T) and population doubling time (Dt) of both species. The high temperature of 31°C greatly shortened the female longevity, weakened the oviposition and reduced the survival of both species. Moreover, the life table parameters R0, rm and λ were also suppressed by this high temperature. However, the high temperature of 31°C had little impact on the egg survival, pupal weight and male longevity. In addition, at 31°C, the values of R0, rm and λ of B. odoriphaga were higher than those of B. impatiens, suggesting that B. odoriphaga is more tolerant to high temperature than B. impatiens. The differences between two Bradydsia species seem determined genetically. Our findings are important for better understanding their biological characteristics at a certain constant temperature and demonstrate the possibility to control and manage those two Bradysia species by increasing ambient temperature.
Post‐marketing analysis for biosimilar CT‐P13 in inflammatory bowel disease compared with external data of originator infliximab in Japan
Authors: Sagami Shintaro , Nishikawa Kiyohiro , Yamada Fumika , Suzuki Yasuo , Watanabe Mamoru , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCT‐P13, an infliximab (IFX) biosimilar, was approved for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, no comparison with the originator IFX in this indication has been conducted in Japan where endemic levels of tuberculosis and hepatitis virus infection are not low. We evaluated the safety and efficacy in real‐world data of CT‐P13 and compared with originator IFX data in Japan.MethodsIn a prospective post‐marketing surveillance (PMS) study, patients who received CT‐P13 in a 28‐month period from January 2015 were followed up for 2 years. By conducting Japanese administrative database search (DBS) for the same period of PMS, data of the originator IFX including treatment persistence, tuberculosis incidence, and liver injury were analyzed retrospectively and compared with the corresponding PMS data of CT‐P13.ResultsCT‐P13 persistence in PMS (n = 640) and IFX persistence in DBS (n = 4113) were almost similar between patients who switched from the originator and patients who continued on the originator, and also between the biologics‐naïve patient groups. There were no differences in the incidences of tuberculosis and hepatic injury (Tuberculosis: 2 patients [0.31%] with CT‐P13, 10 patients [0.24%] with the originator, P = 0.75; Hepatic injury: 18.5% with CT‐P13, 15.4% with the originator, P = 0.22). Most of the patients with hepatic injury continued treatment in PMS and DBS at similar rates (80.8% vs 83.6%, P = 0.65).ConclusionThe results of long‐term PMS of CT‐P13 compared with external reference data from an administrative database suggested that the biosimilar and its originator were comparably useful in real‐world clinical practice.
Omega‐3 fatty acid lipid emulsions are safe and effective in reducing endotoxemia and sepsis in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: An open‐label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kulkarni Anand V , Anand Lovkesh , Vyas Ashish Kumar , Premkumar Madhumita , Choudhury Ashok K , Trehanpati Nirupama , Benjamin Jaya , Kumar Guresh , Joshi Yogendra Kumar , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSepsis is an important determinant of the outcome of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients. Omega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) are known to suppress inflammation, reduce morbidity, and mortality in postoperative and critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous omega‐6 and omega‐3 FA lipid emulsions in ACLF patients.MethodsNinety ACLF patients were randomly allocated to three groups: Gr. A received no lipid emulsions, Gr. B received omega‐6 FAs, and Gr. C received omega‐3 FAs. The primary and secondary aims were to compare the effects of lipid emulsions on immune modulation, the incidence of bacterial sepsis, and mortality at day 28.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the patients were comparable. Serum endotoxin levels remained suppressed by 22% in Gr. C compared with a 4% and 12% rise in Gr. B and A (P < 0.001). Omega‐3 FAs also suppressed C‐reactive protein levels and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in Gr. C. Compared with Gr. A, omega‐3 FAs reduced sepsis by 86% (HR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.04–0.43; P < 0.001). Omega‐3 FAs significantly increased the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on both CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes, and TLR4, on macrophages and neutrophils. There were no serious adverse events, except transient flushing in 20% and 16.6% of patients receiving omega‐6 FAs and omega‐3 FAs, respectively.ConclusionOmega‐3 FAs are safe and effective in reducing systemic inflammation, endotoxemia, and sepsis in patients with ACLF. These lipid emulsions could also be considered as effective sources of immunonutrition in such sick patients.