bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Glycemic-Index Sugar in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Steciuk Damien , Amir Samia Mahmood Hafez , Goorapah Aroushini , Hosenally Muzzammil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and ObjectivesThere is a need to re assess the value of low-GI food and its specific components. The effect of one of them, namely low-glycemic-index sugar, is unclear, as its impact is usually confounded when reported in the literature. This study attempts to breach this gap, shedding light on its effect in type 2 diabetic patients and evaluate if it could be considered as part of a dietary plan.Subjects and MethodsThe blood sugar level of twenty (20) type 2 diabetics was monitored using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring system during two phases; firstly, an initial period of 5 days, whereby all the included patients were taking their usual dietary meals. Subjects were then randomized into two groups of equal size before embarking on a second phase; 10 subjects were instructed to eat prepared, portioned and delivered meals, the difference for the second group being that low-GI sugar was used for the preparation. ResultsCompared to baseline (day 1), blood sugar dropped by 18% for the group with low-GI sugar and 13% for those who consumed sugar with a normal-GI. The variation in sugar levels was also more contained in the interventional group. A by-product of the study design shows that constant glucose monitoring could raise awareness, and may foster reduction in blood sugar levels. Portioned food was capable of reducing blood sugar levels, with elevated levels of compliance just after start. ConclusionsEven though the ultimate aim is to reduce sugar consumption by diabetic patients, the intake of a low-GI sugar seems to be less harmful than normal sugar. Compared to using normal sugar for the preparation of portioned foods, the use of a low-GI sugar is encouraged as part of a wider plan for the management of diabetic patients.
Risk Assessment for Cardiac Arrest : A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Yılmaz Atınç 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, in the world, is increasing day by day. Accordingly, the number of deaths due to heart attacks is quite remarkable. Early risk assessment and diagnosis of heart disease are vital to prevent heart attacks by providing effective treatment planning and evaluation of outcomes. When a patient with high risk of heart attack is not treated correctly, chances of survival may reduce dramatically. Methods: In this study, individuals who has heart attack risks are predicted by using a CNN method. A set of medical data from patients with heart attacks and healthy individuals are provided from the UCI database. Reinforced deep learning and ANFIS architectures are also applied to the same problem in order to compare the results and put forth the efficiency of applied method. In addition, ROC analysis and measurements of processing times for the applied methods were performed to reveal the performance, accuracy and efficiency of the study. Results: The applied CNN method and other methods are tested and evaluated. The accuracy performance of the methods were 94.34% for the applied CNN method, 91.58% for the ANFIS, and 92.66% for the deep multilayer neural network. Highest accuracy has been obtained by using the applied CNN method, which is 94.34%. The reasons why the applied CNN method is better than other methods is the number of convolution and pooling layers, the filter size used in these layers, and the functions used in the loss and activation layers. Conclusions: In the study, the applicability of proposed CNN method with images obtained from numerical data has been demonstrated. With the early prediction system proposed, it is now possible to take precautionary measures against possible cardiac arrest. In this study; a new method based on CNN is proposed for early detection of possible heart attack, which is a great risk for human life. Different from studies in the literature, it was used in the applied CNN method by converting all numerical data from dataset into 2D images. Afterwards, to show whether this the proposed method is applicable or not, the dataset which is numerical form was applied to other methods and compared.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of New Phthalimide and Thiazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Santos Flaviana A. , Almeida Marcel L. , Silva Vitor A. S. , Viana Douglas Carvalho Francisco , Pereira Michelly C. , Lucena André S. L. , Pitta Maira G. R. , Pitta Marina Galdino da Rocha , Rêgo Moacyr J. B. de Melo , Pitta Ivan da Rocha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The combination of pharmacophoric nuclei with different targets has been a strategy for the development of new drugs aimed at improving cancer treatment. A series of ten novel phthalimido-thiazolidine-2-4-dione derivatives were synthesized by two different synthetic routes. The compounds were tested and evaluated in vitro, through antineoplastic activities against cancer cells. Cell cycle analyzes and clonogenic assay were also performed. In addition to these tests, in silico predictions were performed. The synthesized FT-12 compound (9j) exhibited antiproliferative activity against Panc-1, Sk-mel-28 and PC-3 cells. FT-12 reduced the ability to form new clones, also caused irreversibility in cell cycle, inducing arrest in phase S. Besides, the compound (FT-12) caused necrosis and apoptosis. The results suggest that phthalimido-thiazolidine derivatives may be useful in cancer therapy, highlighting compound FT-12 (9j) as a promising candidate. More studies must be carried out to confirm the viability.
TGIF2-Induced HMGB3 Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Through TGFβ Signaling
Authors: Niu Liaoran , Yang Wanli , Zhou Wei , Duan Lili , Wang Xiaoqian , Li Yiding , Wang Qi , Xu Chengchao , Zhang Yujie , Liu Jinqiang , Zhao Qingchuan , Hong Liu , Fan Daiming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Proliferation and metastasis are the major malignant phenotypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the main causes for poor survival in patients with ESCC. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of ESCC proliferation and metastasis remains unclear. The high mobility group box protein family 3 (HMGB3) is one of the HMGB family members. It is critically involved in the occurrence and development of various carcinomas. However, the knowledge of HMGB3 in ESCC remains limited. In this study, we elucidated the role of HMGB3 in ESCC proliferation and metastasis, and the concrete mechanism. Methods: Expression level of HMGB3 and TGF-β interacting factor 2 (TGIF2) in ESCC cell lines and tissues was quantified by qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed the functions of TGIF2 and HMGB3 in ESCC. RNA-seq was performed to search for the downstream signaling of HMGB3. ChIP assay and were performed to explore the relationship of HMGB3 and TGIF2. HMGB3-interacting protein was validated by immunoprecipitation.Results: Higher expression of TGIF2 and HMGB3 was observed in ESCC cell lines and tissues and was associated with worse prognosis of ESCC patients. TGIF2 and HMGB3 upregulation could promote ESCC proliferation and metastasis, and vice versa. TGIF2 and HMGB3 upregulation can activate Smad-dependent TGF-β signaling. TGIF2 can transcriptionally regulate HMGB3, and its TGF-β inducing capability and oncogenic role are at least partly HMGB3-dependent. Additionally, TLR3 was identified as a client protein of HMGB3, and their combination might be the reason of TGF-β activation. Conclusions: Collectively, HMGB3-dependent TGIF2 overexpression activates TGF-β signaling and promotes the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC via TLR3 regulation. These findings revealed that TGIF2 and HMGB3 could be prognostic indicators of ESCC and targeting TGIF2/HMGB3/TLR3 axis might improve the OS of ESCC patients.
Access to Healthcare for Street Sex Workers in the UK: Perspectives and Best Practice Guidance from the Frontline
Authors: Potter Lucy C , Horwood Jeremy , Feder Gene 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Street sex workers (SSWs) are a highly marginalised and stigmatised group who carry an extremely high burden of unmet health need. They experience multiple and interdependent health and social problems and extreme health inequality. Despite high levels of chronic physical and mental ill-health, there is little evidence of effective healthcare provision for this group. They are often considered ‘hard to reach’, but many individuals and organisations have extensive experience of working with this group.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of professionals who work with SSWs in the UK on their perspectives on their access to primary care, mental health, sexual health and drug and alcohol services, how well these services met the needs of SSWs and suggestions of best practice.Results: 50 professionals mostly from England, responded. Mainstream general practice and mental health services were found to be largely inaccessible to SSWs. Sexual health, drug and alcohol services and homeless health services better met their needs; this was mostly attributed to flexible services and collaborations with organisations who work closely with SSWs. The main challenges in providing healthcare to SSWs were services being inflexible, under-resourced services and services not being trauma-informed. Best practice in providing healthcare to SSWs includes- seamless partnership working between agencies with case worker support; peer-involvement in service development and engagement, a range of health provision including outreach, presence in community spaces and fast-track access into mainstream services; trauma-informed, gender-sensitive health services in a welcoming environment with flexible, responsive appointment and drop-in systems and consistent clinicians with specialist knowledge of substance misuse, mental health, domestic violence and homelessness.Conclusions: Access to healthcare for SSWs in the UK is highly variable but largely inadequate with regards to primary care and mental health provision. The examples of positive healthcare provision and partnership working presented here demonstrate the feasibility of accessible healthcare that meets the needs of SSWs. These need to be systematically implemented and evaluated to understand their impact and implications. As we build back from COVID-19 there is an urgent need to make accessible healthcare provision the norm, not the exception.
Binding effects of Alpinia galanga oil and its nanoemulsion 1 to GABAA receptors in rat cortical membranes
Authors: Khumpirapang Nattakanwadee , Suknuntha Krit , Anuchapreeda Songyot , Wellendorph Petrine , Müllertz Anette , Rades Thomas , Okonogi Siriporn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Anesthetic activity of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has been reported however the mechanism of action in mammals has not been clear. In the present study, the binding effects of AGO and its three active components to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor in cortical membranes of Sprague-Dawley rats were firstly investigated using a [3H]muscimol binding assay. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used to deliver these test samples. The results showed that only AGO and methyl eugenol displayed positive modulation at the highest concentration whereas 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate were inactive. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing 20%w/w AGO (NE-AGO) was formulated to deliver AGO instead of DMSO. This NE-AGO significantly enhanced a specific [3H]muscimol binding to 179% of the control with EC50 of 391 µg/mL. The result correlates well to the amount of methyl eugenol in AGO. This result confirms that the anesthetic activity of AGO and methyl eugenol is associated with GABAA receptor modulation, while that of 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate is not and may instead be related to other mechanisms. AGO showed well-tolerated by human cells. Therefore, the formulated NE-AGO might be a promising alternative anesthetic product for humans.
Untangling Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the Adulthood: A Movement Disorder is the Clue.
Authors: Indelicato Elisabetta , Zech Michael , Amprosi Matthias , Boesch Sylvia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe genetic landscape of neurodevelopmental disorders is constantly expanding and children with early-onset neurological phenotypes increasingly receive a genetic diagnosis. Nonetheless, the awareness of the chronic course of these conditions, and consequently their recognition and management in the adult population, is still limited. ResultsHerein, we describe four patients with rare neurodevelopmental disorders (SON, ZMYND11, DNMT1 and YY1-related diseases), who received a genetic allocation only in the adulthood. All these patients had an early developmental delay and displayed a movement disorder (dystonia/ataxia/tremor) which manifested for the first time, or worsened, in the adulthood, prompting the referral to a neurologist. The syndromic nature of the phenotype led eventually to the genetic testing. We report previously unrecognized features and highlight the peculiarities of the adult presentation of four neurodevelopmental disorders. ConclusionsThis report expands the current knowledge on four rare neurodevelopmental disorders (SON, ZMYND11, DNMT1 and YY1), which was mainly based on reports from paediatric cases. This case series emphasize the importance of a tight neurological surveillance extending beyond the childhood.
Procalcitonin is a Prognosis Biomarker in Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ruetsch Valerie , Barreault Simon , Sache Nolwenn Le , Tissieres Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Neonatal sepsis contributes substantially to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a recognized biomarker for the diagnosis of late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS), however, little is known about the prognosis value of PCT in LONS. This study aims at assessing PCT value as a prognosis biomarker in preterm infants with LONS. Methods. Retrospective single center observational cohort. All premature infants (less than 32 weeks of gestational age) with LONS admitted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.Discussion. Among the 59 preterm infants included in the analysis, 48 survived (81.4%, 48/59). Deceased patients had a significantly lower gestational age (p=0,025) and weight (p= 0,016) at the time of LONS diagnosis. Although PCT values were not different between both groups at the time of LONS diagnosis, it was more elevated during the first 24 hours in deceased patients (p=0,041). Accuracy of PCT for LONS prognosis ranged from 0.70 to 0.82 of area under the curve on reciever operating characteristics curves. Optimal PCT cut-off values at LONS diagnosis was 8,92 µg/L (Youden’s J index 0.53), 15.75 µg/L for PCT values during the first 24 hours (J index 0.56), and 6.74 µg/L between 24 and 48 hours after diagnosis (J index 0.54). The estimated survival probability at day 60 was above 95% for patient with a PCT value at sepsis diagnosis under 8,9 µg/L and less than 45% if higher (p<0.0001). Conclusion. A PCT value > 8.92 µg/L obtained at LONS diagnosis suspicion seems to be a good prognosis biomarker.
qS-Ne2Mo Score – A New Risk Stratification Tool For Early Detection of Septic Shock in The Field of Emergency Medicine
Authors: Erdelyi Peter , Papp Laszlo , Foldesi Imre , Farkas Katalin , Molnar Zsolt , Peto Zoltan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Sepsis is one of the most significant healthcare concerns of the 21st century. In the United States sepsis affect 1.7 million adults, with 270,000 fatal cases, according to the estimation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The management of sepsis relies on early recognition, therefore the emergency departments have distinctive role in sepsis care, hence the need for early reliable risk stratification tools.Methods A retrospective, quantitative study was performed in Department of Emergency, University of Szeged. Hungary. Patients with suspected infection were enrolled to four subgroups based on the results of patient examination and laboratory results. In all cases (N=276), cell population data markers were analyzed along with ordinary infection biomarkers, such as CRP, PCT and WBC. Performance of cell population data parameters were investigated with ROC (Receiver Operating Curve) analysis.Results Almost all cell population biomarkers showed significant differences in the subgroup analysis. Remarkable performance was found in three markers (NE-SFL/M, MO-X/M and NE-WY/M) in patients having septic shock. Combining quick SOFA with these biomarkers (qS-Ne2Mo score) resulted in excellent diagnostic ability for septic shock (AUC 0.914, p<0.001), with good sensitivity (73.9%) and excellent specificity (89 %).Conclusions Since determination of cell population data requires complete blood count analysis, turn-around time of this novel indicator is significantly lower than other methods. qS-Ne2Mo score might be used as an initial screening tool to select only those patients that need more extensive laboratory investigations for their proper treatment and spare inadequate, time and money consuming laboratory requests.Trial Registration: University of Szeged, Ethical Committee ref. nr. 25/2016-SZTE
Overcharge for Reviving Failed Li-O2 Batteries
Authors: Chen Kai , Yang Dong-Yue , Wang Jin , Huang Gang , Zhang xin-bo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Prolonging the lifetime of batteries is a long-term pursuit, and it is also one of the prerequisites for the practical application of batteries. However, this is really challenging for high-energy Li-O2 batteries due to their poor charge efficiency and cathode passivation induced by products accumulation. Here, we demonstrate that overcharging the Li-O2 batteries can facilitate the decomposition of residue products and thus revive the cathode, which allows further operation of Li-O2 batteries for 1316 cycles. This long lifetime not only makes full use of the Li anode, but also enables the battery recycling in a safer way. Furthermore, applying anode protection and overcharge together, the life of batteries can be extended to a record high value of 2714 cycles. This overcharge strategy simplifies the cathode regenerating procedures, realizing system-level efficient use of battery components and prolonging the life of Li-O2 batteries that can meet the requirements of practical applications.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features of Macular Epiretinal Neovascularization In Eales’ Disease: A Case Rreport
Authors: Alyousif Nora , Alsalamah Abrar K. , Aldhibi Hassan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Eales disease primarily affects the peripheral retina. However, posterior involvement can be seen. Macular epiretinal neovascularization is not commonly seen in Eales disease. This report highlights the morphology and origin of macular epiretinal neovascularization (ERN) using multimodal retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Results: A 35-year-old man with no history of systemic disorders presented with gradual decrease of vision in his left eye. Fundus examination of his right eye showed peripheral sclerosed blood vessels, neovascularization of the optic disc and elsewhere, and macular ERN. The view of the left fundus was limited by vitreous haemorrhage. Fluorescein angiography (FA), of the right eye showed widespread peripheral capillary nonperfusion and leakage of dye from the retinal neovascularization and macular ERN. Macular Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the right eye showed an epiretinal membrane and the presence of epiretinal neovascular lesions extending above the internal limiting membrane towards the vitreous. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) showed multiple tiny blood vessels at the macula that arose from the superficial retinal capillary plexuses and extended toward the vitreous. The corresponding B-scan showed flow signal through these vessels and the signal extend above the internal limiting membrane. Systemic work-up was negative except for strongly positive tuberculin skin testing giving the classic diagnosis of Eales disease. Patient was started on empirical anti-tubercular therapy and oral corticosteroids. Scatter laser photocoagulation was applied to nonperfused retinal zones. Despite adequate scatter laser ablation, the ERN failed to regress fully. Conclusions: Macular ERN can be seen in cases of classic Eales disease. The origin of macular ERN in our case was shown to be from the superficial retinal capillary plexuses. We also noted the slower regression rate of macular ERN as compared to the major neovascularizations of the optic disc and peripheral retina. Further research is needed to establish the pathogenesis of ERN and its optimal management.
Exploration of The Lower Threshold of Iodine Intake In Southern Chinese Young Adults Based On ‘Overflow Theory’ In An Iodine Balance Study
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Hongmin , Mao Deqian , Tan Hongxing , Yu Wei , Xu Jian , Hong Wenxu , Piao Jianhua , Yang Lichen , Liu Xiaobing , Lu Jiaxi , Li Weidong , Li Yajie , Liu Xiaoli , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Appropriate iodine intake for adults is essential to reduce the prevalence of thyroid diseases, but there is little research data on iodine requirement of Chinese population. This study aimed to explore the iodine requirement of young adults to maintain a healthy status based on ‘overflow theory’.Methods: Iodine-balance experiment has been performed in this project. We conducted an 18-day study consisted of a 6-day acclimation period and 3 consecutive experimental stages in 37 Chinese healthy young adults (23 female and 14 male). Each stage was consumed for 4 days. Strictly-controlled low-iodine intake diets were provided for adults in the first period, an egg or 125mL milk was added in the second and third period, respectively. The dietary samples, 24-h urine specimens and faeces of volunteers were collected daily for assessment of iodine intake and excretion in volunteers.Results: Mean values of iodine intake (22.7±3.6, 35.1±3.7, and 52.2±3.8μg/d), excretion (64.7±13.9, 62.3±12.6, and 94.3±14.5μg/d) and iodine balance (-35.2±19.5, -21.0±19.8, and -33.5±26.9μg/d) were significantly different among three periods for male (P<0.001 for all); mean values of iodine intake (16.6±3.1, 29.7±2.7, and 48.0±2.7μg/d), and excretion (47.0±9.9, 55.5±8.1, and 75.7±12.4μg/d) were significantly different among three periods for female (P < 0.001 for all). No significant difference was observed among the 3 periods for female in the iodine balance (-30.5±9.3, -25.9±7.3, and -27.6±12.1μg/d). The linear regression equation of iodine excretion on iodine intake was Y=0.979X+37.04 (male) and Y=0.895X+31.48 (female). Compared with stage 2, iodine excretion increments in stage 3 had exceeded the iodine intake increment for men. The ratio of increment was 1.675 for male when the average iodine intake was 52.2μg/d in stage 3. When the iodine excretion increment equaled to the iodine intake increment, the daily iodine intake of men was 47.0μg.Conclusion: We have evaluated the iodine requirement of young adults in southern China based on overflow theory. Our results indicate the lower limit of iodine requirement for Chinese young men is 47.0μg/d. The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800014877.