bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital microscopic image application (DMIA), an automatic method for particle size distribution analysis in waste activated sludge
Authors: Cazares S. , Barrios J. A. , Maya C. , Velásquez G. , Pérez M. , Jiménez B. , Román A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn important physical property in environmental samples is particle size distribution. Several processes exist to measure particle diameter, including change in electrical resistance, blocking of light, the fractionation of field flow and laser diffraction (these being the most commonly used). However, their use requires expensive and complex equipment. Therefore, a digital microscopic imaging application (DMIA) method was developed adapting the algorithms used in the helminth egg automatic detector software coupled with a neural network (NN) and Bayesian algorithms. This allowed the determination of particle size distribution in samples of waste activated sludge (WAS), recirculated sludge (RCS), and pre-treated sludge (PTS). The recirculation and electro-oxidation pre-treatment processes showed an effect in increasing the degree of solubilization, decreasing particle size and breakage factor with ranges between 44.29%, and 31.89%. Together with a final NN calibration process, it was possible to compare results. For example, the 90th percentile of equivalent diameter value obtained by the DMIA with the corresponding result for the laser diffraction method. DMIA values: 228.76 μm (WAS), 111.18 μm (RCS), and 84.45 μm (PTS). DMIA processing has advantages in terms of reducing complexity, cost and time, and offers an alternative to the laser diffraction method.
Photodegradation of tartrazine dye favored by natural sunlight on pure and (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO catalysts
Authors: Bouarroudj Tayeb , Aoudjit Lamine , Djahida Lerari , Zaidi Beddiaf , Ouraghi Maamar , Zioui Djamila , Mahidine Sarah , Shekhar Chander , Bachari Khaldoun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of pure and (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO was successfully accomplished using a solvothermal process. The synthesized samples were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic ability of the samples is estimated through degradation of tartrazine in aqueous solution under photocatalytic conditions. The degradation study carried out for a reaction period of 90 min at and a free pH = 6.0 found that dye degradation is 44.82% for pure ZnO and 98.91% for (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO samples, indicating its excellent photocatalytic ability. Tartrazine mineralization was also studied by calculating the degradation of chemical oxygen demand. The effect of operating parameters such as catalyst dose, initial concentration of tartrazine, initial reaction pH, and nature of light source has been optimized for tartrazine degradation as a function of time. The reusability of ZnO and (Ce, Ag) co-doped ZnO catalysts was studied and its photocatalytic efficiency was found to be unchanged, even after six cycles of use. The mechanism of photocatalytic activity was also proposed.
Development of an Index for the Inspection of Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites in Brazil: Multi-criteria Analysis
Authors: Lima Yuri , Pinheiro Wallace , Barbosa Carlos Eduardo , Magalhães Matheus , Chaves Miriam , de Souza Jano Moreira , Rodrigues Sérgio , Xexéo Geraldo 
Published: March 2021

Background
Aedes aegypti is a vector for the transmission of diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, and yellow fever. In 2016, over 1 million cases of these diseases were reported in Brazil, which is an alarming public health issue. One of the ways of controlling this disease is by inspecting and neutralizing the places where A. aegypti lays its eggs. The Ministry of Planning, Development, and Administration of Brazil maintains the inspection statistics.

Objective
We propose a multi-criteria analysis to create an index for A. aegypti inspections reported through the Ministry of Planning, Development, and Administration system of Brazil.

Methods
Based on the repository from urban cleaning services combined with data on inspections conducted by government agencies in several Brazilian cities and municipalities, we selected and combined metrics, which we further ranked using the analytic hierarchy process methodology. We also developed risk maps based on the analytic hierarchy process ranking of the A. aegypti breeding sites.

Results
Based on our analysis and the available data, the priority for inspections should consider the number of sick people (weight 0.350), medical evaluations (weight 0.239), inspections (weight 0.201), mosquito breeding sites (weight 0.126), and days of absence from work (weight 0.096).

Conclusions
The proposed index could aid public health practitioners in preventing the appearance of new A. aegypti breeding sites. This information technology application can help solve such public health challenges.
Current Competencies of Game Facilitators and Their Potential Optimization in Higher Education: Multimethod Study
Authors: Baalsrud Hauge Jannicke , Söbke Heinrich , Bröker Thomas , Lim Theodore , Luccini Angelo Marco , Kornevs Maksims , Meijer Sebastiaan 
Published: March 2021

Background
Serious games can be a powerful learning tool in higher education. However, the literature indicates that the learning outcome in a serious game depends on the facilitators’ competencies. Although professional facilitators in commercial game-based training have undergone specific instruction, facilitators in higher education cannot rely on such formal instruction, as game facilitation is only an occasional part of their teaching activities.

Objective
This study aimed to address the actual competencies of occasional game facilitators and their perceived competency deficits.

Methods
Having many years of experience as professional and occasional facilitators, we (n=7) defined requirements for the occasional game facilitator using individual reflection and focus discussion. Based on these results, guided interviews were conducted with additional occasional game facilitators (n=4) to check and extend the requirements. Finally, a group of occasional game facilitators (n=30) answered an online questionnaire based on the results of the requirement analysis and existing competency models.

Results
Our review produced the following questions: Which competencies are needed by facilitators and what are their training needs? What do current training courses for occasional game facilitators in higher education look like? How do the competencies of occasional game facilitators differ from other competencies required in higher education? The key findings of our analysis are that a mix of managerial and technical competencies is required for facilitating serious games in higher educational contexts. Further, there is a limited or no general competence model for game facilitators, and casual game facilitators rarely undergo any specific, formal training.

Conclusions
The results identified the competencies that game facilitators require and a demand for specific formal training. Thus, the study contributes to the further development of a competency model for game facilitators and enhances the efficiency of serious games.
Impact of Individual, Organizational, and Technological Factors on the Implementation of an Online Portal to Support a Clinical Pathway Addressing Psycho-Oncology Care: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Masya Lindy , Shepherd Heather L , Butow Phyllis , Geerligs Liesbeth , Allison Karen C , Dolan Colette , Prest Gabrielle ,   The ADAPT Program Group, Shaw Joanne 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundClinical pathways (CPs) can improve patient outcomes but can be complex to implement. Technologies, such as clinical decision support (CDS) tools, can facilitate their use, but require end-user testing in clinical settings.ObjectiveThis study applied the Technology Acceptance Model to evaluate the individual, organizational, and technological contexts impacting application of a portal to facilitate a CP for anxiety and depression (the ADAPT Portal) in a metropolitan cancer service. The ADAPT Portal triggers patient screening on patient reported outcomes, alerts staff to high scores, recommends evidence-based management, and triggers review and rescreening at set intervals.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data on portal activity, data accuracy, and health service staff perspectives were collected. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data.ResultsOverall, 15 (100% of those invited) health service staff agreed to be interviewed. During the pilot, 73 users (36 health service staff members and 37 patients) were registered on the ADAPT Portal. Of the 37 patients registered, 16 (43%) completed screening at least once, with seven screening positive and triaged appropriately. In total, 34 support requests were lodged, resulting in 17 portal enhancements (technical issues). Health service staff considered the ADAPT Portal easy to use and useful; however, some deemed it unnecessary or burdensome (individual issues), particularly in a busy cancer service (organizational issues).ConclusionsUser testing of a CDS to facilitate screening and assessment of anxiety and depression in cancer patients highlighted some technological issues in implementing the ADAPT CDS, resulting in 17 enhancements. Our results highlight the importance of obtaining health service staff feedback when piloting specialized CDS tools and addressing contextual factors when implementing them.
“Thought I’d Share First” and Other Conspiracy Theory Tweets from the COVID-19 Infodemic: Exploratory Study
Authors: Gerts Dax , Shelley Courtney D , Parikh Nidhi , Pitts Travis , Watson Ross Chrysm , Fairchild Geoffrey , Vaquera Chavez Nidia Yadria , Daughton Ashlynn R 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak has left many people isolated within their homes; these people are turning to social media for news and social connection, which leaves them vulnerable to believing and sharing misinformation. Health-related misinformation threatens adherence to public health messaging, and monitoring its spread on social media is critical to understanding the evolution of ideas that have potentially negative public health impacts.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to use Twitter data to explore methods to characterize and classify four COVID-19 conspiracy theories and to provide context for each of these conspiracy theories through the first 5 months of the pandemic.MethodsWe began with a corpus of COVID-19 tweets (approximately 120 million) spanning late January to early May 2020. We first filtered tweets using regular expressions (n=1.8 million) and used random forest classification models to identify tweets related to four conspiracy theories. Our classified data sets were then used in downstream sentiment analysis and dynamic topic modeling to characterize the linguistic features of COVID-19 conspiracy theories as they evolve over time.ResultsAnalysis using model-labeled data was beneficial for increasing the proportion of data matching misinformation indicators. Random forest classifier metrics varied across the four conspiracy theories considered (F1 scores between 0.347 and 0.857); this performance increased as the given conspiracy theory was more narrowly defined. We showed that misinformation tweets demonstrate more negative sentiment when compared to nonmisinformation tweets and that theories evolve over time, incorporating details from unrelated conspiracy theories as well as real-world events.ConclusionsAlthough we focus here on health-related misinformation, this combination of approaches is not specific to public health and is valuable for characterizing misinformation in general, which is an important first step in creating targeted messaging to counteract its spread. Initial messaging should aim to preempt generalized misinformation before it becomes widespread, while later messaging will need to target evolving conspiracy theories and the new facets of each as they become incorporated.
Virtual Reality Human–Human Interface to Deliver Psychotherapy to People Experiencing Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Brander Mischa , Egger Stephan T , Hürlimann Noa , Seifritz Erich , Sumner Robert W , Vetter Stefan , Magnenat Stéphane 
Published: March 2021

Background
Digital technologies have expanded the options for delivering psychotherapy, permitting for example, the treatment of schizophrenia using Avatar Therapy. Despite its considerable potential, this treatment method has not been widely disseminated. As a result, its operability and functionality remain largely unknown.

Objective
We aimed to study the usability of a therapeutic virtual reality human–human interface, created in a game engine.

Methods
Participants were psychiatric hospital staff who were introduced to the therapeutic platform in a hands-on session. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was employed for evaluation purposes. Statistical evaluation was conducted using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, analysis of variance, and multilevel factor analysis.

Results
In total, 109 staff members were introduced to the therapeutic tool and completed the SUS. The mean SUS global score was 81.49 (SD 11.1). Psychotherapists (mean 86.44, SD 8.79) scored significantly higher (F2,106=6.136; P=.003) than nursing staff (mean 79.01, SD 13.30) and administrative personnel (mean 77.98, SD 10.72). A multilevel factor analysis demonstrates a different factor structure for each profession.

Conclusions
In all professional groups in this study, the usability of a digital psychotherapeutic tool developed using a game engine achieved the benchmark for an excellent system, scoring highest among the professional target group (psychotherapists). The usability of the system seems, to some extent, to be dependent on the professional background of the user. It is possible to create and customize novel psychotherapeutic approaches with gaming technologies and platforms.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04099940; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04099940
A Panoramic view of most commonly used Regimenal Modalities (Tadabeer) for joint pain in Unani System of Medicine: A Critical Review
Authors: Nayab Mohd , Ansari Abdul Nasir , Khan Fatima 
Published: March 2021

Pain in joints (Waja ul Mafasil) is a major clinical problem that may or may not be associated with inflammation. Researchers and Clinicians are rigorously working to find out the best treatment modality in the management of joint pain. Unani physicians claimed the management of various joint disorders with the help of several Tadabeer. The objective of this critical review is to address the claims of Unani physicians and clinical studies conducted on the efficacy of Dalk or Hijama in the management of joint pain. Classical Unani literature, peer-reviewed journal articles and RCTs that predominantly focused on the use of regimenal modalities (Hijama and Dalk) in the joint pain were included in this review. Several published studies claiming the effect of Dalk and Hijama by Unani physicians, showing significant improvement, were included along with the literature. Various published clinical trials showed the effect of Dalk and Hijama in the management of joint pain, though, the effect showed by some clinical trials was short term. Hence, rigorous, controlled, randomized, blinded, and long duration follow up studies on large sample size are to be conducted by trained clinicians or researchers to establish the efficacy of Dalk or Hijama in the management of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
Keywords: Dalk; Hijama; Waja-ul-Mafasil; Joint Pain; Musculoskeletal Disorders; Unani
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Liposphere of Poor Water Soluble Drug for Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Kumar Anil , Jain Umesh K. , Patel Ajay 
Published: March 2021

Lipospheres offer a new approach to improve an aqueous solubility of BCS class-II drugs. Simvastatin is a third generation fibric acid derivative belonging to this class, employed clinically as a hypolipidemic agent to lessen the risk caused by atherosclerosis. An attempt was made to improve aqueous solubility of Simvastatin by aid of stearic acid and Paraffin oil. The factorial batches of the Simvastatin lipospheres were formulated by melt dispersion technique using 32 factorial design with variables X1- concentration of stearic acid and X2- concentration of paraffin oil and responses Y1 - % Drug Entrapment (% DE) and Y2 - % Drug Release (% DR). From the surface response graphs the optimized batch was formulated and evaluated for saturation solubility, in-vitro drug release studies. Significant improvement in the aqueous solubility of the drug in the Simvastatin lipospheres supports the applicability of lipospheres as a tool for improving aqueous solubility of the BCS class-II drugs.
Keywords: Linospheres; Simvastatin; Drug release; Hyperlipidemic; Drug entrapment.
Qualitative Phytochemical Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants
Authors: Mohan E , Suriya S , Shanmugam S , Rajendran K 
Published: March 2021

Phytochemicals have great potency as therapeutic agents. There is continuous and urgent need to discover new therapeutic compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanism of action because there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re-emerging infectious diseases. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to assess the phytoconstituents of leaf extracts of four different medicinal plants viz. Acorus calamus, Senna alata, Solanum torvum and Solanum trilobatum. The leaves of four plants were collected from their wild habitats, washed, air dried and then powdered. The solvent extracts of the respective leaves were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus with acetone, ethanol and petroleum ether. The extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analyses as per standard procedures. The results showed that alkaloids were present in all the four plants analyzed and all the three solvents extracted. Meanwhile, carbohydrates and proteins were absent in the same. It was also indicated that the ethanol extract of Solanum trilobatum leaf showed the presence of 7 compounds among 9 phytochemicals analyzed. The result of this study is encouraging further quantitative estimation and the need for clinical studies to determine the potential effectiveness of particular phytochemical in vivo.
Keywords: Preliminary phytochemical analyses, Acorus calamus, Senna alata, Solanum torvum and Solanum trilobatum.
COVID-19 Vaccine Race: An Overview and Update
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Rayhan , Islam Shirmin , Matin Mohammad Nurul 
Published: March 2021

A sudden health crisis has shut down the entire world for almost a year due to a new virus called Covid-19 and thus the WHO has declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic disease. As vaccines stimulate the immune system to fight against future infections, thereby conferring immunity, so far, vaccine development in a race throughout the world. Therefore, disseminating the overview of the vaccine development at present with their critical situation for COVID-19 is the aim of this review. The world is looking eagerly for a potential vaccine candidate that can save every life. Here, we reported the overview of the possible types of vaccines against Covid-19 as well as a glimpse of vaccine race with different phases of clinical trial data, comparison of the rate of success of phase-III clinical trials and their safety, and drawbacks with the present status. We have studied literature from clinical trial data of respective vaccine candidates published in the journals and collected data from databases dedicated to corona vaccine and the vaccine company's website to enrich our review and aiming to focus on clinical trial data stages, how consequences it faces, and how to position it belongs towards a successful vaccine candidate.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccine, Clinical trial.
UMA PROPOSTA PARA O SISTEMA POLICIAL
Authors: Hott Júlio Lopes 
Published: March 2021

ResumoUma proposta para o sistema policial O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que o atual sistema policial de segurança pública não tem alcançado os resultados almejados no combate à criminalidade e muitas vezes tem funcionado com elemento indutor de violência. A metodologia usada foi uma revisão da literatura jurídica e policial acerca da cultura, do habitus e do campo policial, bem como das formas de controle da atividade (accountability). Usou-se também uma pesquisa empírica na base de dados da polícia e do Ministério Público corroborados com dados estatísticos constantes em pesquisas científicas das universidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. O estudo foi construído dentro de um referencial de criminologia crítica e de conceitos de campo e de paradigma. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de substituição do atual sistema policial concentrado na União e nos Estados e ofereceu-se como hipótese um modelo municipalizado. AbstractThe objective of this research is to see how that the current public security police system has not achieved the desired results in combating crime and has often worked with inducing the violence. The methodology used was a review of the low literature about the culture, habitus and police field , as well as the ways to control the activity ( accountability ). Also used to empirical research on police and District Attorney and brought into play statistical data contained in scientific research of University of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The study was constructed within a theoretical framework of critical criminology and field concepts and paradigm. It was concluded by the need to replace the current police system concentrated in the Union and the States and offered as a hypothesis a municipal model
La Argentina tras la Ley de Identidad de Género
Authors: Manca María Eugenia 
Published: March 2021

Pese a que en la Argentina la Ley de Identidad de Género tiene ya nueve años, aún no se ha podido garantizar una igualdad social real para el colectivo trans-travesti. En este trabajo se analiza la argumentación de las principales organizaciones LGBTTI+ en discursos en los que dan cuenta de esta realidad y justifican la necesidad de continuar luchando por una verdadera inclusión. Para ello, se estudia cómo la construcción del ethos de cada agente se articula con otros componentes de su argumentación para lograr un discurso eficaz.
In-silico molecular docking analysis of some plant derived molecules for anti-inflammatory inhibitory activity
Authors: Thamaraiselvi L. , Selvankumar T. , Wesely E.G. , Kumar N. Vinod 
Published: March 2021

Herbs are essential resources for drug discovery. However, numerous challenges stand in front of the scientific community to discover novel drugs from herbs. To explore the validation behind the precious knowledge of traditional medicine, we focused on achieving virtual screening to detect the potential medicines from the herbs. Five bioactive compounds from known anti-inflammatory medicinal plants were examined through molecular docking against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), using AutoDock 4.2. The docking of selected ligands with COX-2 showed the binding energy varying from -6.15 Kcal/mol to ‑11.24 Kcal/mol. The docking energies of identified ligands with iNOS were generated ranges from -3.85kcal/mol to -6.99 kcal/mol. Among the tested ligands, it was noted that 6 urs-12-en-24-oic acid showed the best binding energy than other compounds with the lowest binding energy and highest binding affinity with both anti-inflammatory target proteins COX-2 and iNOS. The in silico study validates the potential phytochemical compound of the medicinal herb that contribute to anti-inflammatory activity with low toxicity and minimal side effects.