bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio comparativo de la generación de CO2 en fermentaciones con células libres e inmovilizadas de zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Caicedo M. Luis Alfonso 
Published: December 2021

La bacteria Zymomonas mobilis es estudiada actualmente como agente de la fermentación alcohólica gracias a las ventajas que presenta en relación con las levaduras, tales como, su alto factor de conversión sustrato a producto y la bala producción de células, entre otras. La inmovilización de microorganismos es una técnica que permite altas productividades y menores tiempos de fermentación. El presente trabajo hace un estudio comparativo de la generación de CO2, como medida indirecta de la formación de etanol en la fermentación alcohólica, cuando se emplean células libres e inmovilizadas en alginato de calcio y en procesos por lotes.
Los resultados muestran que en las fermentaciones con células libres y en la primera fermentación con células inmovilizadas la fase lag puede llegar a 24 horas, pero la reutilización de las células inmovilizadas disminuye la duración de la fase lag llegando a valores de cero. Un periodo largo de almacenamiento, a bajas temperaturas, puede llevar a una inactivación de las células aumentando ligeramente el tiempo de adaptación
Uso intensivo de las TIC en un curso virtual de análisis de políticas públicas en salud
Authors: Agudelo-Calderón Carlos Alberto , García Ubaque Juan Carlos , Ortega Bolaños Jesús Alercio 
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Diseñar y aplicar objetos virtuales de aprendizaje con énfasis en el estudiante y evaluar los resultados de un curso renovado en el aprendizaje de los métodos y técnicas apropiadas para el análisis de políticas públicas en salud.
Metodología El proyecto se concibió como un estudio observacional, comparativo y analítico para establecer la eficacia de las innovaciones pedagógicas. De marzo a julio de 2018 se llevó a cabo el proceso de rediseño pedagógico de cada una de las unidades del curso virtual de Análisis de Políticas Públicas en Salud. El curso renovado se realizó de agosto a diciembre de 2018.
Resultados Se introdujeron modificaciones en la estructura y la visualización del curso. Se llevó a cabo una innovación pedagógica por medio de las TIC, que incluyó videos de presentación del curso y de sus unidades, videos de presentación de los docentes, guías en HTML y PDF interactivos, cuestionarios en línea, presentaciones en Prezi, infografías, videoconferencias y evaluaciones en línea. Los indicadores usados muestran un mejoramiento de los logros y competencias en el curso renovado con respecto a los cursos anteriores.
Discusión Los resultados del proyecto sugieren que las transformaciones pedagógicas basadas en el uso intensivo de las TIC pueden tener resultados favorables. Esto es significativo para el análisis sobre las transformaciones relevantes del “modelo pedagógico”.
Models for Estimating Soil Erosion in the Middle and Lower VasluieÅ£ Basin
Authors: ROȘCA, Bogdan , VASILINIUC Ionuț , TOPȘA George 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, several models of estimating soil erosion have been compared, with a special emphasis on pixel-based calculation of soil loss. The paper describes and analyzes the differences between USLE, RUSLE 3D and USPED models, with an accent on theÂ formula proposed by MoÅ£oc et alÂ Â . (1975). The materials used in the modeling process were the digital elevation model (DEM) at a 10m resolution, 1:10,000 soil maps created by OSPA Vaslui including the analytical data attached, ortophotoplans and LANDSAT images for C factor extraction. For each model, the necessary layers have been derived according to specifications provided by the original authors. Moreover, a review of the Romanian literature on the subject has been conducted. After calculating soil erosion according to each model, results were compared with the absolute values measured by various research centers and values obtained by other authors. It has been found that the values obtained are comparable with those of other authors, and even with those from runoff plots. The main conclusion of the paper is that the Romanian version of the USLE equation needs to be updated, and some factors such as rainfall erosivity and soil erodability re-evaluated. The use of such a version would make all the applicatÂ ionsâ€™ results comparable.
Research Regarding Barley Germination with the Jacobsen Machine Used for
Authors: DOBRE Vasile , VELESCU Ionut , ROSCA Radu 
Published: December 2021

Green malt is a semiindustrialized product obtained from barley and it represents a natural product, rich in enzymes and vitamins. In this paper were conducted laboratory researches to determine the optimum working regime for obtaining malt from barley. The research was conducted in the laboratory, which is equipped with a Jacobsen germination machine, which helped in projecting and realizing different work methods in obtaining green malt. In the experiments performed were considered different working conditions for germination of barley, such as measurement and monitoring of time, water level and water temperature in the tank for soaking and germination of barley. Thus, barley germination humidity ranged from 14% to 52% and temperature of 14Â o C to 25o C, which allowed the establishment of working diagram families, and under their influence were obtained different times for germination of barley. Barley varieties used in these experiments were Andreea and MÄƒdÄƒlin which were grown on an agricultural land in the county of Iasi, area of Trifești and the MÂ ÄƒdÄƒlin variety cultivated in the area of Peceneaga, Tulcea country. Following the experiences made with this machine was able to increase and to decrease willingly the speed of barley germination. By altering the speed of germination of barley were obtained several types of malt, which differ depending on the content of enzymes, fermentable sugar content, protein content and gums.
The Monarthopalpus Buxi Species Population Dynamics in Cluj County (Romania)
Authors: SOPORAN Cristina , OLTEAN Ion , FLORIAN Teodora 
Published: December 2021

Monarthropalpus buxi (Â Â Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been described for the first time by Rubsaamen in 1982 (Perju et al., 2001). It is a monophagus species developing onÂ Buxus sempenvirens as its dendrological species, which plays host toÂ Monarthropalpus buxi, and is attacked by its larva. The attack is observed on the leaves ofÂ Buxus sempenvirens : the larva feeds on the cellular juice of the leaves, which have a goffering aspect, yellow-rusty in color. The objectives of the research regarded establishing the dynamics of flight curve, circadian rhythm, the effectiveness and efficacy of colored panels. The experiment developed along 24 days, starting with April 30, 2012 until May 24, 2012. Sticky panels have been used, in four different colors, placed aboveÂ Buxus sempenvirens bushes, in one single row, at three different height levels. The first captures have been observed on May 3, 2012. The maximum of flight curve has been registered on May 11, 2012. The last captures have been registered on May 22, 2012. This year, there have been captured as many as 21,984 adults; the greatest number of individuals have been captured on yellow panels, which means 34.74% of the whole Monarthropalpus buxiÂ Â population captured in 2012.
The Main Advantages of E-Drive System Used for Precision Seeding
Authors: RANTA Ovidiu , DROCAȘ Ioan , STÄ‚NILÄ‚ Sorin , MOLNAR Adrian , MUNTEAN Mircea , MARIAN Ovidiu 
Published: December 2021

In this paper were analysed the main advantages of using electric drive system for theÂ distribution discs used in precision sowing machines.The main quality indexes (Toma, D., 1987) of theÂ seeds placement in the soil were analysed using a sowing machine equipped with classic chain driveÂ system and a machine equipped with the E-drive drive system. Experimental tests were performed inÂ field conditions for minimum tillage and direct seeding technology (Rusu, T.,2011). From comparativeÂ analysis of data obtained it can be observed clearly that the electric drive system creates a sow with aÂ much better quality and the working speed can be higher than the classic system, almost doubled.
Study on the Agricultural System of BÄƒișoara Commune, Cluj County
Authors: CIREBEA Mirela , ROTAR Ioan , CIURE Anamaria 
Published: December 2021

OverÂ 30% of Romaniaâ€™s surface is occupied by mountain areas. Natural and human systems are particularly vulnerable to the stresses of natural and social orderÂ . Our study aims to analyze the specific agricultural systems of BÄƒișoara commune (focuÂ sed on grasslands status) in relation with population dynamics and activities. It was found that there is a close relationship between the economic development of the commune and the level of intensification of the agricultural system. In this paper are presented data regarding the demographic evolution, the agricultural surfaces, and as well as data regarding the ratio between the number of animals from the village in a certain period of time and the directions of development of grasslands surfaces. It is known that grasslands are in a process of degradation and one of the reasons could be the miss accordance between the number of animals and grasslandâ€™s productivity, or the early spring grazing, before the installation of a stable vegetation cover, or as a result of an inadequate managementÂ .
The Effect of Mineral Fertilization upon the Floristical Composition of the Mountain
Authors: PÄ‚CURAR Florin , ROTAR Ioan , BOGDAN Anca , VIDICAN Roxana 
Published: December 2021

The administration of large quantities of chemical fertilizers may strongly diminish the plant diversity of semi-natural grasslands. In the Apuseni Mountains (Romania), the chemical fertilization is rarely used, but, considering the populationâ€™s decrease and the livestock diminish, this might have a greater importance in the future. The maintenance of semi-natural grasslands within the mountainous landscape depends greatly on fertilization. Our paperâ€™s goal is to assess the influence of mineral fertilizers upon semi-Â natural grasslandâ€™s plant diversity. Mineral fertilizers complex NPK 20:10:10 ratio was applied in three quantities: 50N 25P 25 K, 100N 50P 50K, and 150N 75P 75 K. The large quantities of mineral fertilizers generated a considerable decrease of the plant diversity.
Comparative Study Regarding the Pollutant Removed by a Diesel Engine Fuelled with
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana , MOISE George 
Published: December 2021

The paper wants to analise the emissions removed by a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel comparative with those eliminated if using a conventional fuel, especially the measurement of carbon quantity from the evacuated gases. For achieving these measurements, an opacimeter will be used, and the higher the opacity is, the higher is the amount of carbon. The measurements were made with the opacimeter through free acceleration between the slow no-load speed and the maximum no-load speed, at a normal functioning regime. Minimum 3 measurements of opacity at free acceleration are made. The results obtained after the experiments show that the opacity values of motor fuelled with biodiesel B 20 are smaller than those of motor fuelled with conventional fuels, at all measured speed values. On the other hand, other elements present in emissions, such as: COÂ 2, Sulphure oxides, carbon monoxide and material particles are all smalller in the case of using biodiesel as fuel.
Climate Monitoring and Water Resources Management for Agricultural
Authors: RUSU Teodor , SOPTEREAN Mara L. , MORARU Paula I. , BOGDAN Ileana , POP Adrian I. , CAMPEAN Petre 
Published: December 2021

The degree of soil degradation in Transylvanian Plain (TP) and climate change in recent years, have radically modified climatic conditions for cultural crops. Monitoring of temperature and water supply in TP aims to evaluate these two resources for agricultural production. Monitoring the thermal and water supplies from TP was performed with twenty HOBO micro stations which determine the temperature (to a height of 1 m) and rainfalls same as temperature (at 10, 30, 50 cm depth in soil) and soil moisture (at 10 cm depth). Average precipitation recorded during 2009-2011, is 498.97 mm, which is beneath the multiannual average of the area. The year 2009 indicated an average of 503.84 mm in TP, considered in the lower limit of the area, followed by the year 2010 with an annual average of 607.84 mm, the year with the closest values to normal area precipitation values. The year 2011 is extremely dry, with an average of 376.56 mm. This situation is reflected in rainfall humidity values, recorded at a depth of 10 cm in the soil, where the area average is about 0.249%. Average air temperature during 2009-2011 is 10.75Â 0C, in the soil at 10 cm depth being 11.150C, respectively 11.28Â 0C at depth of 50 cm. Low amounts of precipitation, especially their poor distribution during crop vegetation, are aggravated by the deficit of hydrological resources for TP. The average air temperature is above multiannual average of the area, which significantly influenced the optimum time of sowing and amount of biologically active degrees of temperature during the vegetation period.
In Vitro Studies Regarding the Biology and the Biological Control of some Botrytis
Authors: MICLEA Raluca Vasilica , PUIA Carmen Emilia 
Published: December 2021

Botrytis cinereaÂ Â Pers., attacks more than 250 herbaceous and arborescent species of plants being a pathogen spread across the world. This plant pathogen is the main body responsible for the occurrence of grey mould in grapes and other vegetables and fruits. The purpose of the research was the observation of the morphological and cultural characteristics of some isolates of the pathogen as well as the biological control with hydroalcoholic plant extracts. In our experiments weâ€™ve identified and isolated the pathogenÂ Botrytis cinerea Pers., weâ€™ve inoculated on three culture media PDA, CzapekÂ - agar, MA. The features that we observed were the growth rate of the colonies, the sporulation and sclerotia appearance, the shapes and the dimensions of conidia, the number and distribution of the sclerotia. The results obtained consist in differences of morphology, number and distribution of the sclerotia and dimensions of the conidia. For the control with plant extracts of the fungus the isolates were inoculated on PDA medium that contained the extract using the poison food technique. The fungistatic effect of the extracts was established by examining the presence or the absence of the colony growth. The diameters of the colonies were measured and in order to establish the growth inhibition of the fungus it was calculated the surfaces of the colonies that appeared on the treated plates using the ellipse area formula. The results obtained were expressed as inhibition percentage of mycelia growth compared with the dimensions of the control colony.
The Behavior of Wheat Varieties to Attack By Fusarium Spp. in Different Test
Authors: ȘOPTEREAN Laura Maria , SUCIU Alexandra , NAGY Elena 
Published: December 2021

FusariumÂ Â is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases of cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye), mainly due to the attack on the ears. In favorable areas forÂ Fusarium , attack causes significant damage in terms of quantity, as a result of reducing the number of berries and THGW's decline, and loss of a qualitative nature, due to lower grain protein content and mycotoxins occurrence. The yield losses caused byÂ Fusarium in wheat, varies from year to year, mainly driven by climatic conditions and technological, source of inoculum and cultivated variety. The objective of this paper was to determine the reaction of wheat varieties to the attack byÂ Fusarium spp. in different test conditions. The researches took place in ARDS Turda, in the Laboratory of Phytopathology. The experiments were located by randomized block method in three replications. Biological material was represented by three varieties of wheat, developed by the Laboratory of Wheat Improvement. Test methods were: uninoculated-untreated, inoculated-untreated, inoculated-treated and uninoculatedtreated. The inoculation was done with the suspension ofÂ Fusarium spp. and treatments were applied with products: Falcon 250 EC and Prosaro 460 EC. The manifestation degree ofÂ Fusarium was expressed as the percentage of ears and grains infected, and production was expressed by t / ha. After observations and statistical processing of data we can say that the percentage of infected grain varies between 0-16 %, for varieties studied. Yield obtained have been affected by the test version in the two experimental years, the lowest yields were obtained in natural and artificial infection, but without treatment, ranging between 4.7 to 4.9 t / ha in 2010 and 2.8 to 3.9 in 2011.
Role of Some Genetic Parameters on Breeding Work for Resistance to Pre-Harvest
Authors: Nicolae Lupu , Moldovan Vasile , Kadar Rozalia , Racz Ionut 
Published: December 2021

For wheat (Â Triticum aestivum ), periods of prolonged rainfall and high humidity after the grain has ripened and before it can be harvested can contribute to, so called pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), which can be considered as a premature germination. PHS can be defined a complex quantitative character having two important components: sprouting score and falling number. The two these components are controlled by gene effects which are predominant of additive nature. Our research have been conducted on parental, FÂ 1, F2, backcross generations means, from 4 cyclic crosses with common parents differing in their reaction to PHS and falling number. Broad sense heritability coefficients for PHS score showed high values in the case of majority hybrids that indicate the important role of genotype in phenotypic expression of reaction to sprouting. Concerning to falling number, broad sense heritability coefficients had smaller values. For wheat as a self pollinated crop, is preferable to be used narrow sense heritability which reflects additive genetic contribution to phenotypic expression of sprouting or falling number, because only additive gene effects can be fixed to progeny. When PHS score, or falling number have high values for narrow sense heritability (higher 50), is recommended the beginning of selection in FÂ 2 and in these cases can be successful applied pedigree selection. Concluding, high heritabilities associated with other genetic parameters can be important tools at hand of breeders. They indicated that wheat selection for PHS tolerance or falling number would be effective in populations involving crosses of sensitive and tolerant parents.
Chemical Control of Grapevine Main Pathogens under the Climate Conditions of Baia
Authors: MIHALESCU Lucia , MARE ROSCA Oana , VOSGAN Zorica , DUMUTA Anca , CORDEA Mirela , MAXIM Aurel 
Published: December 2021

The experiences were performed in the Tautii Magheraus locality, located at 3 km from Baia Mare. Five variety of grapevine were studied:Â Cramposie , Feteasca regala , Muscat OttonelÂ Â , Perla de Zala and Italian Riesling . The resistance of the cultivated grapevine varieties against the attack of the main phytopathogenic fungi:Â Plasmopara viticola , Uncinula necator , Botryotinia fuckelianaÂ Â , in terms of the 2011 year, was studied. In order to assess the resistance of the grapevine varieties against the phytopathogenic agents attack, the frequency, intensity and degree of attack were determined. The most sensitive to the attack of downy mildew on leaves was theÂ Italian Riessling , with a degree of attack of 71.5%; and the most resistant variety wasÂ Perla de Zala , with a degree of attack of 26%. The most resistant to the attack of grape powdery mildew on leaves was theÂ Muscat OttonelÂ Â variety, with a degree of attack of 8.1%; and the most sensitive was the Italian Riesling variety with 18.1%. In case of the attack of downy mildew on grapes, the most sensitive was theÂ Italian RieslingÂ Â variety with a degree of attack of 11.5%; and the most resistant was Perla de Zala with 2.5%. During the vegetation of the 2011 year, the chemical protection was performed with fungicides that were administered by seven sprayings.
The Effect of Fusarium Graminearum Inoculation on Winter Wheat at ARDS Turda,
Authors: KADAR Rozalia , Amin Said SARDAR Amin Said SARDAR 
Published: December 2021

FusariumÂ Â Head Blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium spp., has become one of the most destructive diseases in the worldâ€™s wheat growing areas, especially in humid and semihumid regions. More precise data relating the effects of FHB on yield have been obtained using inoculated trials. The situation is totally changed by inoculation with Fusarium. Because this disease affected wheat in flowering stage, number of grain/spike is strongly diminished. It can be observed the behavior of Turda 95 and Dumbrava varieties created at ARDS Turda which lose less number of grain than other cultivars.
Ecological Structures with Hyperbolic Geometries in Public Spaces
Authors: DUMITRASCU Aura , NICA Razvan , CORDUBAN Calin 
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, in central urban areas, the social activities are generally materialized into passive interactions. Although the built environment has no direct influence on the quality, the content and the intensity of social interactions, the architects and planners can at least influence the potential for physical, visual and auditory contact among people - the so-called active interactions - usually, one of the most important characteristics of public spaces. The built framework of public urban spaces can provide a wide range of opportunities for the development of human relationships, so that the architectural design and the social processes are supporting one another. The perspective of sustainability for the design of public spaces refers to three major aspects (eco-system, economy and society) and can be achieved with various temporary or permanent structures that separate and organize public spaces, giving them different social connotations (landscape design components, ecological structures with optimal geometries, etc.). Therefore, the use of hyperbolic geometries (for which the curvature is negative and the space created isÂ open ) seems appropriate because of the structural optimization that leads to a minimum material consumption. The hyperbolic structures can also help improve the overall image of public spaces, generating atypical areas with a significant impact (both visual and auditory) on the receiving public. The present paper illustrates several types of hyperbolic geometries optimized for different ecological structures (wood, bamboo, textiles, etc.) located in public spaces (public squares, parks, gardens). Our primary focus will be on the analysis of the main principles of sustainable development, their degree of compliance and on the active interactions between people - created by the implementation of such structures in public green areas.