bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of reverse remodelling criteria in heart failure with reduced or mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Fabiani Iacopo , Vergaro Giuseppe , Arzilli Chiara , Chubuchny Vladyslav , Pasanisi Emilio Maria , Petersen Christina , Poggianti Elisa , Taddei Claudia , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Lupón Josep , Giannoni Alberto , Ripoli Andrea , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsReverse remodelling (RR) is the recovery from left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction. Many arbitrary criteria for RR have been proposed. We searched the criteria with the strongest prognostic yield for the hard endpoint of cardiovascular death.Methods and resultsWe performed a systematic literature search of diagnostic criteria for RR. We evaluated their prognostic significance in a cohort of 927 patients with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% undergoing two echocardiograms within 12 ± 2 months. These patients were followed for a median of 2.8 years (interquartile interval 1.3–4.9) after the second echocardiogram, recording 123 cardiovascular deaths. Two prognostic models were defined. Model 1 included age, LVEF, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, ischaemic aetiology, cardiac resynchronization therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate, New York Heart Association, and LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV) index, and Model 2 the validated Cardiac and Comorbid Conditions Heart Failure score. We identified 25 criteria for RR, the most used being LVESV reduction ≥15% (12 studies out of 42). In the whole cohort, two criteria proved particularly effective in risk reclassification over Model 1 and Model 2. These criteria were (i) LVEF increase >10 U and (ii) LVEF increase ≥1 category [severe (LVEF ≤ 30%), moderate (LVEF 31–40%), mild LV dysfunction (LVEF 41–55%), and normal LV function (LVEF ≥ 56%)]. The same two criteria yielded independent prognostic significance and improved risk reclassification even in patients with more severe systolic dysfunction, namely, those with LVEF < 40% or LVEF ≤ 35%. Furthermore, LVEF increase >10 U and LVEF increase ≥1 category displayed a greater prognostic value than LVESV reduction ≥15%, both in the whole cohort and in the subgroups with LVEF < 40% or LVEF ≤ 35%. For example, LVEF increase >10 U independently predicted cardiovascular death over Model 1 and LVESV reduction ≥15% (hazard ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.90, P = 0.026), while LVESV reduction ≥15% did not independently predict cardiovascular death (P = 0.112).ConclusionsLeft ventricular ejection fraction increase >10 U and LVEF increase ≥1 category are stronger predictors of cardiovascular death than the most commonly used criterion for RR, namely, LVESV reduction ≥15%.
The Visible Ape Project: A free, comprehensive, web‐based anatomical atlas for scientists and veterinarians designed to raise public awareness about apes
Authors: Barger Nicole , Martín José Saúl , Boyle Eve K. , Richmond Marli , Diogo Rui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Visible Ape Project (VAP) is a free online platform providing unprecedented access to a suite of resources designed to comprehensively illustrate and educate about the anatomy of our closest relatives, the apes. It contains photographs, magnetic resonance images, and computed tomography scans, as well as three‐dimensional models that can be manipulated to explore homologies and variations in soft and hard tissues in hylobatids, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. Based at Howard University, a historically black university, it aims to reach communities underrepresented in anthropology and evolutionary biology, providing educational materials appropriate for K‐12 and college classrooms in both English and Spanish. Accordingly, VAP incorporates outreach activities to disseminate science and promote awareness of apes, forming partnerships with veterinarians and conservationists in Africa and Asia. In this paper, we present an introduction to the website to illustrate how this accessible, evolving resource can support evolutionary anthropology and related disciplines.
A novel gas kinetic flux solver for simulation of continuum and slip flows
Authors: Yuan Zhenyu , Yang Liming , Shu Chang , Liu Zijian , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel gas kinetic flux solver (GKFS) is presented for simulation of compressible and incompressible flows in the continuum and slip regimes. The finite volume method is adopted to discretize the governing differential equations, and inviscid and viscous fluxes at the cell interface are evaluated simultaneously by the local solution to the Boltzmann equation. Different from the conventional GKFS, in which the local solution to the Boltzmann equation is divided into the equilibrium part and the nonequilibrium part and the nonequilibrium distribution function is approximated by the difference of equilibrium distribution functions at the cell interface and its surrounding points, the present solver evaluates the local solution by integrating the Boltzmann equation along the characteristic line. As a result, the local solution to the Boltzmann equation consists of the equilibrium distribution function at the cell interface and the initial distribution function at the surrounding points. In the present work, the initial distribution function is given from the first‐order Chapman–Enskog expansion. Finally, the distribution function at the cell interface is only relevant to the macroscopic variables and their spatial derivatives. Accordingly, the fluxes across the cell interface can be evaluated by the moments of the distribution function at the cell interface. Test results show that the present solver can provide accurate numerical predictions for flows in both continuum and slip regimes.
Characterization of bacterial community and flavor differences of different types of Douchi
Authors: Wang Yurong , Xiang Fanshu , Zhang Zhendong , Hou Qiangchuan , Guo Zhuang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccording to the appearance and technology, traditional fermented Douchi can be divided into dried Douchi and wet Douchi. However, there are few reports on the difference of bacterial community structure between them or the influence of bacterial community on product flavor. In this study, high‐throughput sequencing technology and electronic nose were used to measure the bacterial diversity and flavor of 40 Douchi samples, and the correlation between them was explored by multivariate statistical means combined with COG database. Results showed that the cumulative average relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the samples was as high as 95.93%, and the former was the core bacteria phylum. On the whole, the dominant bacteria in Douchi were Bacillus (50.67%), Staphylococcus (14.07%), Enterococcus (2.54%), Proteus (1.61%), Brevibacillus (1.46%), Providencia (1.26%), Weissella (1.24%), and Ureibacillus (1.19%). LEfSe analysis indicated that Bacillus can be used as a biomarker in dried fermented soybeans. Meanwhile, dried samples contained more intensive aromatic substances, but were significantly lower in W6S (selectivity to hydrogen) and W3S (methane‐aliph) compared with the wet samples. Aneurinibacillus and Brevibacillus were helpful to the formation of aromatic flavor in Douchi, but Vagococcus and Corynebacterium were the opposite. Gene and microbial phenotypic prediction showed that microorganisms in dried Douchi use protein more efficiently, while in wet Douchi, microbial energy metabolism was more vigorous. The pathogenic potential of microorganisms in dried samples was higher than that in wet. This study can sound the alarm for improving the safety of home‐brewed Douchi and provide guidance for the subsequent screening of strains that enhance the flavor of fermented soybeans.
Preferential frequency‐dependent induction of synaptic depression by the lateral perforant path and of synaptic potentiation by the medial perforant path inputs to the dentate gyrus
Authors: Collitti‐Klausnitzer Jens , Hagena Hardy , Dubovyk Valentyna , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe encoding of spatial representations is enabled by synaptic plasticity. The entorhinal cortex sends information to the hippocampus via the lateral (LPP) and medial perforant (MPP) paths that transfer egocentric item‐related and allocentric spatial information, respectively. To what extent LPP and MPP information‐relay results in different homosynaptic synaptic plasticity responses is unclear. We examined the frequency dependency (at 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 Hz) of long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) at MPP and LPP synapses in the dentate gyrus (DG) of freely behaving adult rats. We report that whereas the MPP–DG synapses exhibit a predisposition toward the expression of LTP, LPP–DG synapses prefer to express synaptic depression. The divergence of synaptic plasticity responses is most prominent at afferent frequencies of 5, 100, Hz and 200 Hz. Priming with 10 or 50 Hz significantly modified the subsequent plasticity response in a frequency‐dependent manner, but failed to change the preferred direction of change in synaptic strength of MPP and LPP synapses. Evaluation of the expression of GluN1, GluN2A, or GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor revealed equivalent expression in the outer and middle thirds of the molecular layer where LPP and MPP inputs convene, respectively, thus excluding NMDA receptors as a substrate for the frequency‐dependent differences in bidirectional plasticity. These findings demonstrate that the LPP and MPP inputs to the DG enable differentiated and distinct forms of synaptic plasticity in response to the same afferent frequencies. Effects are extremely robust and resilient to metaplastic priming. These properties may support the functional differentiation of allocentric and item information provided to the DG by the MPP and LPP, respectively, that has been proposed by others. We propose that allocentric spatial information, conveyed by the MPP is encoded through hippocampal LTP in a designated synaptic network. This network is refined and optimized to include egocentric contextual information through LTD triggered by LPP inputs.
Recognition of ischaemia and infection in diabetic foot ulcer: A deep convolutional neural network based approach
Authors: Das Sujit Kumar , Roy Pinki , Mishra Arnab Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) result in amputation of lower limbs or feet without timely assessment and treatment. The assessment of DFUs is performed by the diagnosis of DFU ischaemia and infection. In this work, a new deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based approach (ResKNet) is proposed to perform such assessment. The proposed network consists of a series of unique residual blocks of 2D convolution, batch normalization, and LeakyReLU with skip connections. It has been experimentally observed that a shallower network with 4 such unique residual blocks (Res4Net) can achieve promising results in ischaemia recognition, with an impressive AUC value of 0.9968. However in case of infection recognition, a network with 7 such residual blocks (Res7Net) achieved the best performance, with an AUC value of 0.8890. Such improvements to the current state‐of‐the‐art results suggests that the proposed approach can provide significant help to medical experts, for automatic assessment of DFU.
Optical coherence hyperspectral microscopy with a single supercontinuum light source
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Zhongjiang , Xing Da 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the paper, we have developed an optical coherence hyperspectral microscopy with a single supercontinuum light source. The microscopy consists of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI), which can visualize the structural and functional characteristics of biological tissues. The 500 to 700 nm band is selected for HSI and OCT imaging, where HSI enables imaging of oxygen saturation and hemoglobin (Hb) content, while OCT acquires structural characteristics to assess the morphology of biological tissues. The system performance of the optical coherence hyperspectral microscopy is verified by normal mice ears, and the practical applications of the microscopy is further performed in 4T1 and inflammation Balb/c mice ears in vivo. The experimental results demonstrate that the microscopy has potential to provide complementary information for clinical applications.
Haematology in the UK: A 60‐year personal perspective
Authors: Hoffbrand Allan Victor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe advances in understanding the pathogenesis, in the diagnosis and classification of blood diseases and in their treatment that have been achieved over the six decades from 1960 to 2020, are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the new techniques, especially in immunology and molecular biology, that have enabled this remarkable progress. The review also highlights the major contributions of UK haematologists and non‐clinical scientists to these advances.
Toward the synthesis of incargranine B and seneciobipyrrolidine. Synthesis of octahydro‐dipyrroloquinoline skeleton via dipolar cycloaddition/amination sequence
Authors: Simic Milena , Jovanovic Predrag , Petkovic Milos , Tasic Gordana , Jovanovic Milos , Savic Vladimir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOctahydro‐dipyrroloquinoline skeleton is the building component of a very few naturally occurring compounds. Nevertheless, these natural products have been attractive synthetic targets, and their study commanded development of efficient synthesis of this core. While the reported methods are based on the dimerization procedure of N‐arylpyrrolidines of N‐arylhomopropargyl amines, our approach relay on dipolar cycloaddition/amination sequence. This strategic approach allows sequential introduction of aromatic moieties increasing the product diversity and hence may be useful in further exploration of incargranine B or seneciobipyrrolidine derivatives.
Targeted analysis of eicosanoids derived from cytochrome P450 pathway by high‐resolution multiple‐reaction monitoring mass spectrometry
Authors: Acunha Tanize , Nardini Viviani , Peti Ana Paula Ferranti , Prado Morgana Kelly Borges , Moraes Luiz Alberto Beraldo , Faccioli Lúcia Helena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway is one of the critical enzymatic via eicosanoid biosynthesis. Nevertheless, their metabolites are far less explored. This pathway plays a crucial role in converting arachidonic acid to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETEs), epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (DiHETEs), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DiHETrEs), which mediate several physiological and pathological functions. However, CYP450‐derived eicosanoids are structurally complex, making those analyses a challenge in lipidomics studies. Herein, a high‐resolution multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRMHR) method has been proposed as a powerful tool for the simultaneous analysis of CYP450‐eicosanoids on different biological samples. The developed liquid chromatography (LC)‐MRMHR method was partially validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria, demonstrating adequate specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. Besides, several biological samples were analyzed to guarantee the feasibility of the method. The proposed strategy may improve the understanding of CYP450‐derived eicosanoids in biological systems, which could be fundamental to reveal new aspects of those in physiologic and pathologic conditions.
RR interval variability in the evaluation of ventricular tachycardia and effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy
Authors: Tsukahara Keita , Oginosawa Yasushi , Fujino Yoshihisa , Honda Toshihiro , Kikuchi Kan , Nozoe Masatsugu , Uchida Takayuki , Minamiguchi Hitoshi , Sonoda Koichiro , Ogawa Masahiro , Ideguchi Takeshi , Kizaki Yoshihisa , Nakamura Toshihiro , Oba Kageyuki , Higa Satoshi , Yoshida Keiki , Yagyu Keishiro , Miyamoto Taro , Yamagishi Yasunobu , Ohe Hisaharu , Kohno Ritsuko , Kataoka Masaharu , Otsuji Yutaka , Abe Haruhiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the most reliable therapeutic device for preventing sudden cardiac death in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). Regarding its effectiveness, targeted VT is defined based on the tachyarrhythmia cycle length. However, variations in RR interval variability of VTs may occur. Few studies have reported on VT characteristics and effects of ICD therapy according to the RR interval variability. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of VTs and ICD therapy effects according to the RR interval variability.MethodsWe analyzed 821 VT episodes in 69 patients with ICDs or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators. VTs were classified as irregular when the difference between two successive beats was >20 ms in at least one of 10 RR intervals; otherwise, they were classified as regular. We evaluated successful termination using anti‐tachycardia pacing (ATP)/shock therapy, spontaneous termination, and acceleration between regular and irregular VTs. The RR interval variability reproducibility rates were evaluated.ResultsRegular VT was significantly more successfully terminated than irregular VT by ATP. No significant difference was found in shock therapy or VT acceleration between the regular and irregular VTs. Spontaneous termination occurred significantly more often in irregular than in regular VT cases. The reproducibility rates of RR interval variability in each episode and in all episodes were 89% and 73%, respectively.ConclusionsATP therapy showed greater effectiveness for regular than for irregular VT. Spontaneous termination was more common in irregular than in regular VT. RR interval variability of VTs seems to be reproducible.
A rapid rise in relative sea level ~9–7 cal ka bp along the SW Cumbria coast, NW England
Authors: Andrews John T. , Beaumont Helen , Cove Stephe , Heinz Immo , Schroeder Hilke 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAlong the macro‐tidal (10.7 m tide range) SW Cumbria coast in situ rooted tree stumps are infrequently exposed below present‐day low Spring Tide elevations (≤−4.5 m OD). To date these remnants, we conducted a salvage operation at two sites on in situ rooted tree stumps exposed below the lowest tide levels; these sites are no longer exposed. We obtained four radiocarbon dates on these tree remnants and reference an earlier site recovered in 1972. One wood sample was identified as Quercus robur or Q. petraea, while samples from Haverigg and Kirby‐in‐Furness are tree Salix spp. The median group age for the rising relative sea level (RSL) that killed the trees was 8602 ± 243 bp cal a bp with an estimated Mean Tide Level (MTL) of ~≤−9 m. Evidence indicates that RSL rose ~10 m along this section of coast at a rate of between of between 18.5 and 8.7 mm a–1 until ~6800 cal a bp, or earlier, before the rate of global sea level rise fell below that of the local glacial isostatic recovery. The transgression is coeval with rapid collapse and deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Hudson's Bay and slightly lags the global Meltwater Pulse‐1C.
Soil bacterial microbiota predetermines rice yield in reclaiming saline‐sodic soils leached with brackish ice
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ge An‐Hui , Tóth Tibor , An Fenghua , Guo Liangliang , Nie Zhaoyang , Liu Jianbo , Yang Fan , Wang Zhichun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSaline‐sodic lands threaten the food supply and ecological security in the western Songnen Plain of northeast China, and the gypsum is commonly adopted for restoration. However, the dynamics of soil bacterial community and the correlation with crop yield during restoring processes remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidated the soil chemical properties and bacterial communities and their associations with rice yield under different flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGDG) application rates combined with brackish ice leaching.RESULTSThe increased application rate of FGDG generally improved soil reclamation effects, as indicated by soil chemical properties, bacterial diversity, and rice yield. Compared with fresh ice irrigation, the rice yield in brackish ice treatment increased by 15.84%, and the soil alkalinity and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) decreased by 35.19% and 10.30%, respectively. The bacterial alpha diversity significantly correlated and predicted rice yield as early as brackish ice melt, suggesting the bacterial diversity was a sensitive indicator in predicting rice yield. Meanwhile, the bacterial communities in the control possessed a high abundance of oligotrophic Firmicutes, while eutrophic bacterial taxa (e.g. Proteobacteria) were enriched after brackish water irrigation and FGDG application. Moreover, we also established a Random Forest model and identified a bacterial consortium that explained an 80.0% variance of rice yield.CONCLUSIONTogether, our results highlight the reclaiming effect of brackish ice in the saline‐sodic field and demonstrate the sensitivity and importance of the soil bacterial community in predicting crop yield, which would provide essential knowledge on the soil quality indication and bio‐fertilizer development for soil reclamation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Head and Neck Injuries and Electronic Scooter Use in the United States
Authors: Kappagantu Aditi , Yaremchuk Kathleen , Tam Samantha 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify electric scooter injuries encountered in United States emergency departments, focusing on the head and neck, to understand the safety impact of these scooters to improve safe usage.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study from January 2009 to December 2019 of patients presenting to United States emergency departments with electric scooter injuries collected from a national database. About 2,823 cases of injuries were related to electric scooter use from January 2009 to December 2019. Stratified weighted counts and incidence rates were estimated for injury characteristics. Piecewise linear regression quantified the yearly change in incidence of injuries before and after introduction of rideshare programs.ResultsThe estimated national total of electric scooter cases from 2009 to 2019 was 103,943 (95% CI: 79,650–128,237). Incidence grew in 2019 to 8.63 cases per 100,000 person‐years from 4.46 in 2018 to 2.42 in 2017. Head and neck injuries represented 28.5% of total injuries (weighted estimate = 29,610). The most common age group of head and neck injuries before 2018 was ≤17 years, but injuries in 18‐ to 44‐year‐olds grew significantly to become the most injured group in 2018 to 2019 (P < .001). From 2009 to 2017, incidence of head and neck injuries fell by 0.02 cases per 100,000 person‐years, but cases grew by 1.22 cases per 100,000 person‐years post‐2017 (P < .001).ConclusionInjuries following the launch of rideshare electric scooter programs increased significantly, especially in patients 18 to 44 years of age. Head and neck injuries represent many of these injuries. User safety education must be addressed to prevent injury as programs become more pervasive in the United States.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:E2784–E2789, 2021