bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully automated quantification of cardiac chamber and function assessment in 2-D Echocardiography: clinical feasibility of deep learning-based algorithms
Authors: Kim Sekeun , Park Hyung-Bok , Jeon Jaeik , Arsanjani Reza , Heo Ran , Lee Sang-Eun , Moon Inki , Yoo Sun Kook , Chang Hyuk-Jae 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to compare the segmentation performance of the current prominent deep learning (DL) algorithms with ground-truth segmentations and to validate the reproducibility of the manually created 2D echocardiographic four cardiac chamber ground-truth annotation.Background: Recently emerged DL based fully-automated chamber segmentation and function assessment methods have shown great potential for future application in aiding image acquisition, quantification, and suggestion for diagnosis. However, the performance of current DL algorithms have not previously been compared with each other. In addition, the reproducibility of ground-truth annotations which are the basis of these algorithms have not yet been fully validated.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 500 consecutive patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) from December 2019 to December 2020. Simple U-net, Res-U-net, and Dense-U-net algorithms were compared for the segmentation performances and clinical indices such as left atrial volume (LAV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV end systolic volume (LVESV), LV mass, and ejection fraction (EF) were evaluated. The inter- and intra- observer variability analysis was performed by two expert sonographers for a randomly selected echocardiographic view in 100 patients (apical 2-chamber, apical 4-chamber, and parasternal short axis views).Results: The overall performance of all DL methods was excellent (average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) 0.91 to 0.95 and average Intersection over union (IOU) 0.83 to 0.90), with the exception of LV wall area on PSAX view (average DSC of 0.83, IOU 0.72). In addition, there were no significant difference in clinical indices between ground truth and automated DL measurements. For inter- and intra observer variability analysis, the overall intra observer reproducibility was excellent: LAV (ICC = 0.995), LVEDV (ICC = 0.996), LVESV (ICC = 0.997), LV mass (ICC = 0.991) and EF (ICC = 0.984). The inter-observer reproducibility was slightly lower as compared to intraobserver agreement: LAV (ICC = 0.976), LVEDV (ICC = 0.982), LVESV (ICC =0.970), LV mass (ICC = 0.971), and EF (ICC = 0.899).Conclusions: The three current prominent DL-based fully automated methods are able to reliably perform four-chamber segmentation and quantification of clinical indices. Furthermore, we were able to validate the four cardiac chamber ground-truth annotation and demonstrate an overall excellent reproducibility, but still with some degree of inter-observer variability.
Brain network topology and personality traits: a source level magnetoencephalographic study
Authors: Lopez Emahnuel Troisi , Colonnello Valentina , Liparoti Marianna , Castaldi Mauro , Russo Paolo Maria , Sorrentino Giuseppe , Lucidi Fabio , MANDOLESI Laura 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Personality neuroscience is focusing on the correlation between individual differences and the efficiency of large-scale networks from the perspective of the brain as an interconnected network. A suitable technique to explore this relationship is the magnetoencephalography (MEG), but little are MEG studies aimed at investigating topological properties correlated to personality traits. By using MEG, the present study is aimed at evaluating how individual differences described in Cloninger’s psychobiological model are correlated with specific cerebral structures. Fifty healthy individuals (20 males, 30 females, mean age: 27.4 ± 4.8 years) underwent Temperament and Character Inventory examination and MEG recording during a resting state condition. High harm avoidance scores were associated with a reduced centrality of the left caudate nucleus and this negative correlation was maintained in females when we analyzed gender differences. Our data suggest that the caudate nucleus plays a key role in adaptive behavior and could be a critical node in insular salience network. The clear difference between males and females allows us to suggest that topological organization correlated to personality is highly dependent on gender. Our findings provide new insights to evaluate the mutual influences of topological and functional connectivity in neural communication efficiency and disruption as biomarkers of psychopathological traits.
Changes in adverse maternal, pregnancy, and delivery outcomes among U.S. delivery hospitalizations during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2020
Authors: Simeone Regina M. , Downing Karrie F. , Wallace Bailey , Galang Romeo R. , DeSisto Carla L. , Tong Van T. , Zapata Lauren B. , Ko Jean Y. , Ellington Sascha R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Early reports suggested changes in select pregnancy outcomes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The population-level impact of the pandemic on pregnancy and delivery outcomes is not well understood.
Objective

To assess whether pregnancies that ended during the pandemic were at increased or decreased risk of selected adverse outcomes compared to the previous year.
Methods

Data from a cohort of delivery hospitalizations occurring during April-December of 2019 and 2020 in the Premier Healthcare Database were analyzed. Prevalence of select adverse outcomes were examined. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors.
Results

We identified 663,620 deliveries occurring April-December of 2019 and 614,093 deliveries occurring April-December of 2020. We observed an increase in in-hospital death from 2019 to 2020 (n=33; 5 per 100,000 vs. n=53; 9 per 100,000, aPR: 1.68, CI: 1.09, 2.59), which was no longer statistically significant after excluding deliveries with a COVID-19 diagnosis (aPR: 1.25, CI: 0.78, 2.00). Intensive care unit admission decreased from 2019 to 2020 (n=10,964; 1.7% vs. n=9,480; 1.5%, aPR: 0.90, CI: 0.87, 0.92). Preterm birth decreased from 2019 to 2020 (n=61,101; 9.2% vs. n=56,158; 9.1%, aPR: 0.96, CI: 0.95, 0.97). The prevalence of cesarean deliveries was similar in 2019 and 2020 (30.9% vs 31.6%, respectively), but there were some differences in cesarean delivery characteristics (e.g., an increase in cesarean deliveries due to conduct of labor [n=2,553; 1.2% vs. n=2,642; 1.4%, aPR: 1.11, CI: 1.05, 1.17]) from 2019 to 2020.
Conclusions

In 2020 compared to 2019, in-hospital deaths among pregnant women increased and there was a small decrease in prevalence of preterm births. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and pregnancy outcomes remains to be understood. However, it appears that most outcomes investigated experienced minimal change from 2019 to 2020.
Protección anticorrosiva de un convertidor de óxido natural (Mimosa tenuiflora) aplicado sobre productos de corrosión de un acero AISI 1018
Authors: Arceo-Gómez David Enrique , Reyes Trujeque Javier , Galván Martínez Ricardo , Orozco Cruz Ricardo 
Published: September 2021

Un recubrimiento primario es aquel que es aplicado sobre la superficie de los aceros, como una primera capa de recubrimiento que permite mejorar la adherencia y el sellado de los sistemas protectores. Sin embargo, algunos de sus componentes son tóxicos para el ambiente y dañinos para la salud. Una alternativa amigable con el ambiente es el empleo de convertidores de óxido, obtenidos a partir de extractos naturales de plantas. Su uso puede llegar a tener un fuerte impacto en el ámbito industrial y resultan prometedores en la conservación del patrimonio cultural metálico. En este trabajo, se evaluó el efecto anticorrosivo de un convertidor de óxido obtenido a partir de un extracto de la planta Mimosa tenuiflora, aplicado sobre productos de corrosión de un acero 1018. La caracterización morfológica del convertidor de óxido se llevó a cabo por Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). Por su parte, las propiedades anticorrosivas se evaluaron por Espectroscopía de Impedancia Electroquímica (EIE).
Método: Se utilizaron sustratos de acero AISI 1018 y se le aplicaron dos tratamientos de limpieza superficial: decapado químico y chorro de arena. Posteriormente, para formar productos de corrosión, las probetas se expusieron 90 días a la atmósfera urbano-marina de la ciudad de Boca del Río, Veracruz. El extracto utilizado como convertidor de óxido se obtuvo de la planta Mimosa tenuiflora y fueron preparadas dos formulaciones que se aplicaron por aspersión sobre la capa de productos de corrosión. Los productos de corrosión fueron caracterizados por Espectroscopía Raman, Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y MEB-EDX. Por su parte, la morfología de la película convertida fue caracterizada por MEB. Las propiedades anticorrosivas de los productos de corrosión y el convertidor de óxido fueron evaluadas por EIE durante 24 horas de exposición en una solución de NaCl al 3.5 % en peso.
Resultados: La capa de productos de corrosión está formada principalmente por goethita, lepidocrocita y hematita. Mediante MEB se observaron cambios en las características morfológicas de los productos de corrosión, los cuales cambian su aspecto superficial rugoso y poroso al de una superficie compacta y craquelada por acción del convertidor de óxido. Los resultados por EIE, mostraron que el tratamiento por chorro de arena sobre las probetas permitió una mejor adherencia de los productos de corrosión y convertidor de óxido, propiciando un aumento en la capacidad protectora en comparación con el tratamiento superficial por decapado químico.
Discusión o Conclusión: El convertidor de óxido natural mejora las propiedades protectoras de la capa de productos de corrosión. Aunado a lo anterior, una preparación superficial del sustrato con chorro de arena permitió mejorar la adherencia del convertidor de óxido. Este convertidor de óxido puede ser utilizado en el ámbito industrial y el patrimonio cultural metálico.
Urban flood risk analysis of buildings using HEC-RAS 2D in climate change framework
Authors: Madhuri R. , Raja Y. S. L. Sarath , Raju K. Srinivasa , Punith Bonagiri Sai , Manoj Kondisetti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to assess flood depth, building risk analysis, and the effectiveness of various flood adaptation strategies to attenuate building risk caused by urban floods in climate change scenarios. A framework is proposed where a hydraulic model, Hydrologic Engineering Center's-River Analysis System 2D (HEC-RAS 2D), is applied for 2-dimensional flood modeling to estimate (a) submerged areas, (b) flood depth, and (c) building risk for extreme events corresponding to two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 6.0 and 8.5. Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), India, is chosen for demonstration. Percentages of buildings in GHMC under high, medium, and low risks for RCP 6.0 are 38.19, 9.91, and 51.9% in the respective order, and these are 40.82, 10.55, and 48.63% for RCP 8.5. Six flood proofing (FP) strategies (S1–S6) are proposed for attenuating building risk along with the required capital cost. The capital investment required for FP to achieve the ideal situation of no risk for all buildings (strategy S6) works out to Rs. 3,740 × 107 and Rs. 3,800 × 107 for RCPs 6.0 and 8.5. It is observed that the effect of adaptation strategies is significant.
Study on the driven mechanism of hydrologic drought based on the lithology-combined structure of the Karst drainage basin in South China
Authors: He Zhonghua , Liang Hong , Yang Zhaohui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hydrologic drought, considered as a typical natural phenomenon in the background of global climate changes, is the continuation and development of meteorological and agricultural droughts, and is the ultimate and most thoroughly drought. The research area controlled by the 55 hydrological sections in South China is selected in this paper, and the intensity and frequency of hydrologic droughts are analyzed by the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), and the driven mechanism of watershed lithologies to hydrologic droughts is discussed. The results show that (i) the hydrological drought of Karst drainage basins is shown the gradual aggravation from the west to east parts in South China, with the significant north–south stripe distributions at the SRI_3 and SRI_6; (ii) the occurring probability of hydrological droughts is the Limestone-type Karst Basin (II and III, 0.17) &lt; Dolomite-type Karst Basin (I and IV, 0.22) &lt; Non-Karst Basin (V, 0.25) in terms of combination types of basin lithologies, and (iii) the Karst Basin (I and III, 0.18) &lt; Semi-Karst Basin (II and IV, 0.2) &lt; Non-Karst Basin (V, 0.25) in terms of basin lithologies. Therefore, this proves that the most water-stored spaces are found in Karst Basins under the differential dissolution or erosion effects of soluble water, followed by in the Semi-Karst Basin, the least water-stored spaces in the Non-Karst Basin.
A Qualitative Description of Nurses’ Psychological Responses in Caring for COVID-19 Patients: An Indonesian Context
Authors: Ismail Suhartini , Ridlo Muhamad , Rochana Nana 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
COVID-19 is a dangerous, infectious disease that has affected the whole world in the past year. In Indonesia, many nurses were not only infected by the virus but also experienced varying psychological responses in providing treatment and performing their tasks. In other words, they faced the daunting responsibility of fighting the disease while taking care of COVID-19 patients.

Objective:
The study aimed to describe nurses’ psychological responses in caring for COVID-19 patients in Indonesia.

Methods:
This was a qualitative descriptive study involving 13 nurses. Using purposive sampling, the participants were selected from three public hospitals in Semarang, Indonesia. These nurses were assigned to take care of COVID-19 patients in the isolation room. The participants underwent face-to-face interviews, either by video calls or through an online application, using semi-structured and in-depth guidelines. The collected data were analyzed using Ello and Kyngas inductive content analysis.

Results:
During the pandemic, the nurses had the following psychological responses in caring for COVID-19 patients in Indonesia: 1) being constantly stressed in carrying out their duties; 2) having no choice but happy to help patients recover at the same time, and 3) getting closer to God as a form of spiritual relief.

Conclusion:
This study provides fundamental data related to further psychological interventions for nurses who experience psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Genetic factors and cancer: diagnosis, prognosis and future perspectives
Authors: Bomfim Fernando Russo Costa do 
Published: September 2021

Genetics is specifically responsible for several pathologies or, at the least, it is associated with a wide range of them, either as a primary causal agent (congenital genetic diseases) or secondary, being a factor within several possible for a given disease. One of the most critical genetic concepts is developed from the phenotype, equivalent to the genotype associated with the environment. In other words, for a condition to manifest itself, cancer, for example, we need a genetic alteration within the environment, which somehow influences carcinogenesis from stochastic or induced interactions. Cancer cases are approximately 80% and 90% associated with external causes, and environmental changes are mainly motivated by human actions, habits, and behavior, leading to an increased risk of different types of cancer. These changes lead to the formation of a cycle since man promotes environmental changes, leading to genetic modifications responsible for 10-20% of cancer formation. Although the percentage seems not to be significant, we have, in fact, several genetic mechanisms that will lead to the emergence of the most diverse types of cancer, including polymorphisms, mutations, oxidative stress, oncogenes, and genes that regulate the cell cycle, including apoptosis.
Aias, governantas e preceptoras
Authors: VASCONCELOS MARIA CELI CHAVES , López M. Francisco Ana Cristina 
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar as atribuições destinadas às aias, governantas e preceptoras, assim denominadas as mulheres que se encarregavam da educação de crianças da aristocracia, no século XIX. Em um plano mais específico, pretende-se fazer uma distinção da nomenclatura em sua tradução para o português, comparando a utilização dos termos conforme a função ocupada. No que tange aos aspectos metodológicos, o estudo remonta a uma pesquisa histórico-documental que tem como fontes principais, os manuscritos elaborados pelos imperadores, d. Pedro I e d. Pedro II, sobre as atribuições das aias de suas filhas, documentos cujos originais se encontram no Arquivo do Museu Imperial em Petrópolis. A análise dos documentos evidencia as funções de aias, governantas e preceptoras, como um dos únicos ofícios permitidos as mulheres naquele tempo e contexto, bem como envolto a uma linha tênue entre simples empregadas e cortesãs muito próximas aos espaços de poder da aristocracia.

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Evaluating Applicant Perceptions of the Impact of Social Media on the 2020-2021 Residency Application Cycle Occurring During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study
Authors: Naaseh Ariana , Thompson Sean , Tohmasi Steven , Wiechmann Warren , Toohey Shannon , Wray Alisa , Boysen-Osborn Megan 
Published: September 2021

Background
Due to challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic, residency programs in the United States conducted virtual interviews during the 2020-2021 application season. As a result, programs and applicants may have relied more heavily on social media–based communication and dissemination of information.

Objective
We sought to determine social media’s impact on residency applicants during an entirely virtual application cycle.

Methods
An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to 465 eligible 2021 Match applicants at 4 University of California Schools of Medicine in the United States.

Results
A total of 72 participants (15.5% of eligible respondents), applying to 16 specialties, responded. Of those who responded, 53% (n=38) reported following prospective residency accounts on social media, and 89% (n=34) of those respondents were positively or negatively influenced by these accounts. The top three digital methods by which applicants sought information about residency programs included the program website, digital conversations with residents and fellows of that program, and Instagram. Among respondents, 53% (n=38) attended virtual information sessions for prospective programs. A minority of applicants (n=19, 26%) adjusted the number of programs they applied to based on information found on social media, with most (n=14, 74%) increasing the number of programs to which they applied. Survey respondents ranked social media’s effectiveness in allowing applicants to learn about programs at 6.7 (SD 2.1) on a visual analogue scale from 1-10. Most applicants (n=61, 86%) felt that programs should use social media in future application cycles even if they are nonvirtual.

Conclusions
Social media appears to be an important tool for resident recruitment. Future studies should seek more information on its effect on later parts of the application cycle and the Match.
Characterization of Unlinked Cases of COVID-19 and Implications for Contact Tracing Measures: Retrospective Analysis of Surveillance Data
Authors: Chong Ka Chun , Jia Katherine , Lee Shui Shan , Hung Chi Tim , Wong Ngai Sze , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Chau Nancy , Yam Carrie Ho Kwan , Chow Tsz Yu , Wei Yuchen , Guo Zihao , Yeoh Eng Kiong 
Published: September 2021

Background
Contact tracing and intensive testing programs are essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19. However, conventional contact tracing is resource intensive and may not result in the tracing of all cases due to recall bias and cases not knowing the identity of some close contacts. Few studies have reported the epidemiological features of cases not identified by contact tracing (“unlinked cases”) or described their potential roles in seeding community outbreaks.

Objective
For this study, we characterized the role of unlinked cases in the epidemic by comparing their epidemiological profile with the linked cases; we also estimated their transmission potential across different settings.

Methods
We obtained rapid surveillance data from the government, which contained the line listing of COVID-19 confirmed cases during the first three waves in Hong Kong. We compared the demographics, history of chronic illnesses, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of linked and unlinked cases. Transmission potentials in different settings were assessed by fitting a negative binomial distribution to the observed offspring distribution.

Results
Time interval from illness onset to hospital admission was longer among unlinked cases than linked cases (median 5.00 days versus 3.78 days; P<.001), with a higher proportion of cases whose condition was critical or serious (13.0% versus 8.2%; P<.001). The proportion of unlinked cases was associated with an increase in the weekly number of local cases (P=.049). Cluster transmissions from the unlinked cases were most frequently identified in household settings, followed by eateries and workplaces, with the estimated probability of cluster transmissions being around 0.4 for households and 0.1-0.3 for the latter two settings.

Conclusions
The unlinked cases were positively associated with time to hospital admission, severity of infection, and epidemic size—implying a need to design and implement digital tracing methods to complement current conventional testing and tracing. To minimize the risk of cluster transmissions from unlinked cases, digital tracing approaches should be effectively applied in high-risk socioeconomic settings, and risk assessments should be conducted to review and adjust the policies.