bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide capture using nonwoven activated carbon nanofiber
Authors: Waisi B I , Majeed J T , Majeed N S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The adsorption isotherms and kinetic uptakes of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) on fabricated electrospun nonwoven activated carbon nanofiber sheets were investigated at two different temperatures, 308 K and 343 K, over a pressure range of 1 to 7 bar. The activated carbon nanofiber-based on polymer (PAN) precursor was fabricated via electrospinning technique followed by thermal treatment to obtain the carboneous nanofibers. The obtained data of CO2 adsorption isotherm was fitted to various models, including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. Based on correlation coefficients, the Langmuir isotherm model presented the best fitting with CO2 adsorption isotherms’ experimental data. Raising the equilibrium adsorption temperature decreased the total amount adsorbed, indicating an exothermic adsorption process of CO2 on CNF and ACNF. It was also observed from the adsorption kinetic data that increasing the flow rate decreased the breakthrough point and the saturation time in the adsorption column. The efficiency of CO2 adsorption on ACNF (82 %) was better than that on nonwoven carbon nanofiber (CNF) (67 %) due to the high specific surface area and pore volume of ACNF (375 m2/g, 0.051 m3/g) comparing to CNF (20 m2/g, 0.0167 m3/g).
The effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission characteristics of C.I. Engine fuelled with corn oil biodiesel blended with diesel fuel.
Authors: Mahmood Abdulrahman Shakir , Qatta Haqi I. , Al-Nuzal Saadi M. D. , Abed Talib Kamil , Hardan Abdulwahab Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the effect of changing the compression ratio on the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder, 4-stroke compression ignition (CI) engine running with biodiesel and pure diesel fuel. Corn oil biodiesel blends were prepared viz. B5(5 %), B10 (10 %), B1 (15 %) and B20 (20 %) (by volume). The tests were performed at full load, constant speed 1500 rpm and different compression ratios 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 %. The engine performance like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NOXand smoke opacity for all biodiesel blends were measured. The results showed that on increasing the compression ratios, the BTE increases and BSFC decrease for all types of fuel used, but it was found that for biodiesel blends B5, B10, B15 and B20, the BTE slightly decreased by 2, 4.2, 6.5 and 8.3 % and the BSFC increased by 3.3, 6.3, 9.4 and 13 % respectively, compared to the pure diesel fuel due to the high viscosity and density of biodiesel. With increasing the compression ratio and proportion of biodiesel blend, the emissions of CO, HC and smoke opacity were decreased, at the same time, the CO2and NOXemissions were increased. The highest reduction in the emissions of CO, HC and smoke was found in the B20 biodiesel blend, which was 30, 26 and 23.8 %, respectively, while the same blend showed the highest increase in emissions of CO2and NOX, which were 21 and 25.7 % respectively, compared to pure diesel fuel. Therefore, the biodiesel blend can be used at proportion up to 20 % and blend with diesel fuel in CI engines without any modifications.
New Inorganic Boron Assessment in environmental Samples by Neutron Activation Analysis using CR-39 Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors.
Authors: Al-Nuzal Saadi M D , Najim Jassim M , Flaih Khalid R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A new trend in applying nuclear solid-state track detector CR-39 for neutron activation assessment of inorganic boron compounds in environmental samples was established. The nuclear reaction 10B(n, α)7Li was selected for this purpose by using gelatin film for a sample application. It possesses many advantages such as time saving, sensitivity, and reproduciblity, and many related variables were studied. Linearity was found at the range of 1.0 - 12.5 ppm and at 10.0 -250 ppm with different slopes. There were no interfering nuclei among the naturally abundant elements and their isotopes, viz. Al, O, Na, Cl, P, Ca, Si, K, and Cu. It was applied to determine boron in simulated environments and industrial soil and water samples, with recovery within the range of 96-100 %, good precision and accuracy + 1.5 - 3.0 %. The method sensitivity can be enhanced by using longer irradiation time, and few micrograms of boron can be analysed, and hence it is more suitable to be used in the activation analysis system of nuclear reactors.
Effect of biochar amendment on mobility and plant uptake of Zn, Pb and Cd in contaminated soil
Authors: Qasim Bashar , Razzak Alia A , Rasheed Rashed T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of rice straw biochar application as a soil amendment on the mobility, availability, speciation and plant uptake of Zn, Pb and Cd in contaminated soil. A pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted using different rates 0, 1, 2, and 5% (w/w) of rice straw biochar. The soil pore water properties; pH, EC, and DOC concentration, the dissolved metal concentrations in soil pore water as well as plant metals uptake were determined at the end of the experiment. The BCR sequential extraction procedure was adopted to determine the effect of biochar on speciation and partitioning of the studied metals.
Results showed that the application of biochar is significantly increased the plant shoots biomass by 94.5% with 5% biochar rates compared to untreated soil. Similarly, the soil pore water properties pH, EC, and DOC concentration were also increased with biochar addition compared to untreated soil. The dissolved metal concentrations were decreased in soil pore water with the increasing of biochar rates by 92%, 81.5%, and 90% for Zn, Pb and Cd, respectively at 5% biochar rate. In the same trend, the plant metals uptake reduced significantly with the increasing of biochar dose. Compared to untreated soil, the BCR sequential extraction showed that the biochar addition induced the transformation of the exchangeable metal fractions to oxidizable and residual fractions. These results confirmed the ability of rice straw biochar to immobilize the studied metals and therefore reducing their bioavailability and their uptake by plant.
Removing of fat residues from domestic kitchen wastewater by synthetic filter of saw dust
Authors: Al-Hiyaly Sedik A.K. , Ali Zena H. , Alobiady Abid Al-Hameed M.J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDomestic kitchen wastewater contains significant quantities of fat residues that may insist in blocking home and municipal sewers. This work was designed to remove fat residues from domestic kitchen wastewater using synthetic sawdust filter. Five samples were examined, where the first one was a control. Synthetic filter contained sawdust was used as a removal of fat residues from four different samples of domestic kitchen wastewater. The obtained results showed that the synthetic sawdust filter could remove highest quantities of fat residues having removing capacity ranging from 80.7 ± 5.6 % in sample 1 to 88.5 ± 5.8 % in sample 4. Also, it was found that the mean value of pH, Electric conductivity (EC) and Total dissolved solid (TDS) of domestic kitchen wastewater were significantly affected by filtration process compared with those of control sample. The mean value of pH ranged from 6.61 ± 0.32 in sample 4 to 6.9 ± 0.54 in sample 2. E.C. mean value was varied from 1400.2 ± 262.8 μS/cm in sample 4 to 2100.4 ± 426.5μS/cm in sample 2 while mean value of T.D.S. was lying between 1123.0 ±.142.3 mg/L in sample 4 and 1347.0 ± 210.6 mg/L in sample 2. It seems clearly that sawdust synthetic filter was not affected when it was used for several times with different kitchen wastewater samples and this finding would suggest that this synthetic filter may work efficiently and subsequently may have no significant effects on sewer obstruction phenomena. In addition, all examined wastewater variables (pH, EC, and TDS) in all sample were significantly declined.
Studying some of mechanical properties and microstructure analysis for cement mortar using waste of depolymerized Polyethylene terephthalate by using bubble column technique
Authors: Hameed Amjed M. , Alzuhairi Mohammed , Ibrahim Sarmad Imad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the density and compressive strength together with microstructural analysis of cement mortar by partial replacement of fine aggregate with the powder of Polyethylene terephthalate PET depolymerized by using bubble column technique has been studied. The powder of depolymerized Polyethylene terephthalate DPET was used with four different contents of 1%, 3%, 6%, and 9% by weight of fine aggregate. The destructive compressive strength test was prepared once it reaches ages 7 and 28 days of curing. Before that, the density of mortar determines at some samples for both ages. The lightweight modification mortar was set with ratios of 0.48 for water to binder and 1:2.75 for the cement to sand. After completing specific tests, the data of the result presented that the density of the modification cement mortars drops when using DPET powder as fine aggregate. The compressive strength of the modification cement mortars with DPET powder was slightly decreased with the increase of DPET powder percent. The microstructure of the modification cement mortar containing DPET powder showed that DPET particles plug the holes.
Implementation of hierarchically porous zeolite-polymer membrane for Chromium ions removal
Authors: Abdullah M , Al-Jubouri S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work deals with the preparation of a zeolite/polymer flat sheet membrane with hierarchical porosity and ion-exchange properties. The performance of the prepared membrane was examined by the removal of chromium ions from simulated wastewater. A NaY zeolite (crystal size of 745.8 nm) was prepared by conventional hydrothermal treatment and fabricated with polyethersulfone (15% PES) in dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain an ion-exchange ultrafiltration membrane. The permeate flux was enhanced by increasing the zeolite content within the membrane texture indicating increasing the hydrophilicity of the prepared membranes and constructing a hierarchically porous system. A membrane containing 0.8% zeolite gave the higher %Rejection of chromium ions (about 83.2%) for an initial chromium ion concentration of 150 ppm and trans-membrane pressure of 1 bar.
Synthesis of geopolymer for the removal of hazardous waste: a review
Authors: Al-husseiny Rasha A. , Ebrahim Shahlaa E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Water is the most essential material on Earth; any pollution of water can have adverse effects on living beings. Today, the elimination of harmful pollutants from water is one of the most critical concerns; in this respect, the application of a minimum quantity of chemicals or the use of natural substances for pollutant elimination is of serious importance. This review discusses the study work that is carried out on adsorbent synthesis from different natural Substances, such as (kaolinite, metakaolin, fly ash, etc). This adsorbent is known as geopolymer. An attention to the geopolymer was paid to its specific three-dimensional network structure, with defined pore sizes. The review shall include the elemental and sorts of materials used in the creation of adsorbents and the impact of parameters like as (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial concentration) on the adsorption capacity of hazardous waste. In addition to enhance the adsorption characteristics of natural substances and producing high-quality adsorbents, different synthesis techniques have been produced. One of the most successful methods is to precipitate nanoparticles on the geopolymer surface. This development would improve the adsorbent surface area, mechanical strength and resistance to chemical compounds, by means of that improving its ability for adsorption of contaminants.
Reuse Wastewater By Using Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) (Ramadi City–Case Study)
Authors: Abdulhameed Isam M. , Sulaiman Sadeq O. , Najm Abu Baker A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Managing water resources is important with the increasing population, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. It is necessary to treat wastewater and greywater to saving more water amount and increase agriculture density. The current study forecasts the amounts of wastewater and greywater for Ramadi city during the next years (2020-2040). Also, the study proposes the possibility of reusing these amounts as a renewable water resource. These liquid wastes consist of 99.9% water and only 0.1% of solids. The study proposes using the treated wastewater to plant a green belt around the city to reduce the impact of dust storms and use the greywater in irrigating vegetables and fruits. The study was used water evaluation and planning (WEAP) to evaluating water amounts and reused wastewater in the current and future years. The results were indicated the domestic water returns for the current year to Euphrates River is 63 million m
3/year, with 11.7 million m
3/year of greywater, which covers about 22% of Ramadi irrigation requirements. The future domestic water would increase by about 24% to reach 78.4 million m
3/year at 2030 and 95.5 million m
3/year at 2040, while the greywater rising to 21 million m
3/year in 2030, and 34.3 million m
3/year in 2040.
Performance Evaluation of Al-Karkh Water Treatment Plant Using Model-driven and Data-Driven Models
Authors: Khudhair Basim Hussein , Alsaqqar Awatif Soaded , Jbbar Rehab Karim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is a great operational risk to control the day-to-day management in water treatment plants, so water companies are looking for solutions to predict how the treatment processes may be improved due to the increased pressure to remain competitive. This study focused on the mathematical modeling of water treatment processes with the primary motivation to provide tools that can be used to predict the performance of the treatment to enable better control of uncertainty and risk. This research included choosing the most important variables affecting quality standards using the correlation test. According to this test, it was found that the important parameters of raw water: Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Solids, Nitrite, Nitrates, Ammonia, and Silica are to be used to construct the specific model, while pH, Fluoride, Aluminium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, Silica, and Orthophosphate of the treated water were eliminated from the analysis. For modeling the coagulation and flocculation process temperature, Alkalinity and pH of raw water were the depended variables of the model. As for the modeling process turbidity of the treated water was used as the output variable. In general, the linear models including model-driven type, (Multivariate multiple regression, MMR and Multiple linear regression, MLR) have slightly higher prediction efficiencies than the, data-driven type (artificial neural network, ANNM). The coefficients of determination (R2) reached 66 to 85% for the MMR and MLR models and 65 to 81% for the ANN models.
Biodecolorization of methylene blue using aspergillus consortium
Authors: Karaghool Haneen A. Kh. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To establish sustainable circular ecosystems, the immense knowledge of different fungal strains as pure and mixed isolates and application them in biodecolorization of dye-laden wastewater is required. In this study, the biodecolorization of methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated by using mixed microfungal strains of
Aspergillus consortium consisting of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus
. The experiments were conducted in batch-mode. Analytical measurements were performed by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Optimization of operating conditions was carried out in order to achieve the optimal biodecolorization of methylene blue dye (MB). Furthermore, the results illustrated that 36 hrs., 30°C, 9, 2g/L and 150mg/L for incubation time, temperature, initial pH, fungal inoculum size and MB dye concentration, respectively, were chosen as the optimum conditions with the maximum biodecolorization of MB dye was 92%.
Potential of herbal extracts to avoid the bacterial infection of Enterobacter cloacae in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Al-Niaeem K S , Resen A K , Al-Haider S M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study shows the possibility of herbal aqueous extracts to avoid the infection caused byEnterobacter cloacaein the common carp. TheE. cloacaevaccinated on agar plates wherever placed to the filter discs, which were intended by filtration of the aqueous extracts (Six herbal species and four concentrations 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) ofCurcuma longa(Turmeric),Panax ginseng(Ginseng),Cinnamomum zeilanicum(Cinnamon),Thymus vulgaris(Thyme leaves),Olea europaea(Olive leaves),Eugenia caryophyllata(Clove). The herbal extracts inhibit the growth ofE. cloacaein the highest concentrations (22 mm inhibition zone in 25%) withC. longawhich appears to be the most efficient one, whereas the clove was the least efficient. The current study indicates that attainable and inexpensive herbal extracts may be efficient natural agents for preventing infection ofE. cloacaein fish, and they also have been compared with some antibiotics. Furthermore, a study is required in order to carry out the herbal extracts and to detect the proper practice used in aquaculture.
Efficiency evaluation of alcohol extract of Eriobotrya japonica on some biological aspects of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) and Aphis gossypii (Glover, 1877)
Authors: Kathiar Sahar A. , Kathiar Soolaf A. , ALwash Bushra M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) and the cotton aphids Aphis gossypii are serious pests that are causing damage to the Broccoli (Brassicca oleracea) crop; therefore, this research was conducted to study the effect of the alcohol extract of loquat Eriobotrya japonica at three concentrations 5%, 10% and 15% on the population density of these two pests in a field in Baghdad/Iraq. The total phenol compounds have been detected. The results revealed that the alcohol extract of loquat had an efficient reduction against the whitefly and aphid pests. All the loquat alcohol extract concentrations had the same effects in the reduction of aphid and whitefly density.
Monitoring of Phytoplankton in the Artificial Lake: Comparison Study
Authors: Kadeem Z J , Hassan F M , Al Obaidy A H M J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The current study was carried out to study phytoplankton in Lake of Baghdad Touristic Island from July 2019 to February 2020 to predict the Lake’s environmental change. Monthly samples were taken from the surface water from four sampling sites in the Lake and the results were presented as dry and wet seasons. A total of 180 algal taxa was identified with the dominancy of diatoms. The highest total cell number of phytoplankton was recorded at the fourth site with 303.85×104 cells/L in dry season 2019, while the lowest was 93.72× 104 cell/L in the third site during the dry season 2019. The diatoms dominancy is still higher than 90%, while the Cyclotella spp percentage reduced from 90% to less than 5% in this study. Achananthes spp percentage became raised >7% in comparison with a previous study in 1989. These results showed the dominancy of diatoms among other algal taxa. They reduced the total number of Chlorohyceae and Cyanophyceace in the Lake, which indicates the stability of environmental conditions and good lake management.
Study of the Biological Diversity of Benthic algae in the Tigris River, Baghdad - Iraq
Authors: Ahmad Hind Ibrahem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present work included a study of benthic algae on two substrates: rocks and clay on a section of the Tigris River at the Al-Atifiyah site in the fall of 2018. The result of this study was recorded 89 species belong to 50 genus of benthic algae on both substrates and composed of Bacillariophyceae (59.6%, 61.2%), Chlorophyceae (25.8%, 20.4%) and Cyanophyceae (14.5%, 18.3%) respectively on epilithic and epipelic algae. The present study was recorded the highest total algae cell density (1173.2 cells *103/cm2) on epilithic algae while the lowest total algae cell density was recorded on epipelic algae (76.95 cells *103/gm). For measure diversity, four indices of diversity are used: Margalef index, Shannon and Weaver Index, Evenness Index and Simpsons Index. The study showed that benthic algal communities are of high diversity with different distribution and spread of adherent algae on different natural surfaces in the aquatic environment. 62 species of epilithic algae were recorded belonging to 39 genus, while epipelic algae were recorded 49 species belonging to 34 genus. Bacillariophyceae was recorded the highest number of species compared with other classes of benthic algae (59.6%, 61.2%) respectively on epilithic and epipelic Chlorophyceae recorded second ordered after diatoms in importance 25.8%, 20.4%, Cyanophyceae recorded third orders 14.5%, 18.3% respectively on epilithic and epipelic algae.
Meta-analysis of controlled studies on minimally interrupted vs. continuous use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: van Vugt Stijn P G , Westra Sjoerd W , Volleberg Rick H J A , Hannink Gerjon , Nakamura Rena , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian-Battista , Navarese Eliano P , Brouwer Marc A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
At present, there are no guideline recommendations for minimally interrupted use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (mi-NOAC) during catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). Current evidence is predominantly based on observational studies, with continuous use of vitamin K antagonist in the control arm. This quantitative summary reflects the first high-level evidence on contemporary regimens, with continuous NOAC use (c-NOAC) as the current gold standard.

Methods and results
Meta-analysis (Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science) on prospective, controlled studies comparing contemporary mi-NOAC (without bridging) with c-NOAC. Net adverse clinical events (major bleeding, thrombo-embolic events) were the primary outcome. In addition, we analysed total bleeding, minor bleeding, and silent cerebral embolism.
Eight studies (six randomized, two observational) with 2168 patients were summarized. The primary endpoint occurred in 1.0% (18/1835): 1.1% (11/1005) vs. 0.8% (7/830) for the mi-NOAC and c-NOAC groups, respectively; odds ratio (OR) 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–2.92, P = 0.64]. The OR for total bleeding on mi-NOAC was 1.26 (95% CI 0.97–1.63, P = 0.07). ORs for minor bleeding and silent cerebral embolism were 1.17 (95% CI 0.80–1.70, P = 0.34) and 2.62 (95% CI 0.54–12.61, P = 0.12), respectively.

Conclusion
This synopsis provides a quantitative synthesis of high-level evidence on a contemporary strategy of mi-NOAC in CA for AF, and overall clinical outcomes were not different from continuous NOAC use. Despite preprocedural interruption, there was no sign of lower bleeding rates. Additional higher volume datasets are warranted for more precise treatment effect estimations of this everyday alternative anticoagulation strategy in AF ablation.