bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory white noise improves reading skills and memory recall in children with reading disability
Authors: Söderlund Göran B. W. , Åsberg Johnels Jakob , Rothén Bodil , Torstensson‐Hultberg Ellen , Magnusson Andreas , Fälth Linda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundReading disability (RD) is characterized by slow and inaccurate word reading development, commonly reflecting underlying phonological problems. We have previously shown that exposure to white noise acutely improves cognitive performance in children with ADHD. The question addressed here is whether white noise exposure yields positive outcomes also for RD. There are theoretical reasons to expect such a possibility: a) RD and ADHD are two overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders and b) since prior research on white noise benefits has suggested that a central mechanism might be the phenomenon of stochastic resonance, then adding certain kinds of white noise might strengthen the signal‐to‐noise ratio during phonological processing and phoneme–grapheme mapping.MethodsThe study was conducted with a group of 30 children with RD and phonological decoding difficulties and two comparison groups: one consisting of skilled readers (n = 22) and another of children with mild orthographic reading problems and age adequate phonological decoding (n = 30). White noise was presented experimentally in visual and auditory modalities, while the children performed tests of single word reading, orthographic word recognition, nonword reading, and memory recall.ResultsFor the first time, we show that visual and auditory white noise exposure improves some reading and memory capacities “on the fly” in children with RD and phonological decoding difficulties. By contrast, the comparison groups displayed either no benefit or a gradual decrease in performance with increasing noise. In interviews, we also found that the white noise exposure was tolerable or even preferred by many children.ConclusionThese novel findings suggest that poor readers with phonological decoding difficulties may be immediately helped by white noise during reading. Future research is needed to determine the robustness, mechanisms, and long‐term practical implications of the white noise benefits in children with reading disabilities.
Combined cortisol and melatonin measurements with detailed parameter analysis can assess the circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Fang Liang , Yu Quanmei , Yin Fanfan , Yu Jiakuai , Zhang Yunfei , Zhang Yu , Zhu Daomin , Qin Ximing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a common chronic mental illness. The circadian clock disorder shows a significant correlation with the pathogenesis, phenotype and recurrence of BD. We aim to evaluate non‐invasive methods that can comprehensively assess the circadian rhythmicity in BD patients.MethodsWe non‐invasively collected salivary samples and oral epithelial cells from recruited subjects. Then the levels of cortisol and melatonin in saliva were measured and the circadian clock gene expressions (PER2 and BMAL1) of epithelial cells were analyzed. Due to the disease characteristics of the manic patients who were difficult to cooperate with the protocol, only one patient at manic episode was recruited. Besides, 11 patients at the depressive episode, 15 healthy controls and four patients at recovery stage were recruited.ResultsOur results exhibited that the peak phase of cortisol level mainly manifested around 8:00 a.m., and the maximal melatonin level reached around 5:00 a.m. The phase of cortisol in patients with depression did not change significantly, but the level of cortisol decreased significantly, while the phase of melatonin level moved forward about 2.5 hr. Furthermore, the levels and phases of cortisol and melatonin in recovery patients tended to be similar to those of healthy controls.ConclusionsWith detailed parameter analysis, the combined detection of melatonin and cortisol can better judge the biological clock disorder of bipolar patients. The circadian rhythms of patients at the recovery stage tend to be normal. The clock gene expression examination needs strict quality control and more investigations before being applied to assess human circadian rhythms.
The efficacy of group cognitive behavioural therapy in improving adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in Nigerian breast cancer patients
Authors: Onyedibe Maria‐Chidi Christiana , Ifeagwazi Chuka Mike , Charles S Umeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe burden of cancer and psychological distress resulting from cancer‐related experiences may have an impact on women's cognitive emotion regulation. The study investigated the efficacy of a 12‐week group cognitive behavioural therapy (GCBT) programme in enhancing adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) in women with breast cancer at a tertiary healthcare institution in Nigeria. Thirty‐one (31) women with breast cancer were randomly allocated to the treatment group (TG, N = 16) and a control group (CG, N = 15). The TG received a 12‐week course of 90‐min GCBT sessions, while the CG received a booklet containing information on cancer and how to deal with cancer. Assessments were carried out for both groups at the baseline (pretest), post‐test and 2‐month follow‐up with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analysed with the independent‐samples t test and the chi‐square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The results showed that participants in the TG had a significant increase in adaptive CER and decrease in maladaptive CER compared with the CG both at post‐treatment and at 2‐month follow‐up. Cognitive behavioural therapy is effective in the improvement of adaptive CER in women with breast cancer. The use of psychotherapy (such as CBT) as complementary treatment to standard oncology care in the management of breast cancer patients in Nigeria is therefore emphasised.
Bio‐Orthogonal Conjugation of a Cationic Metalloporphyrin to BSA and HSA via “Click” Chemistry
Authors: Sandland Jordon , Rimmer Sam D. , Savoie Huguette , Boyle Ross W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present a convenient method for the labelling of tyrosine residues on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) and report for the first time their subsequent bio‐orthogonal conjugation with porphyrins via “click” chemistry. We demonstrate that these serum proteins can be labelled with an alkyne‐diazonium heterobifunctional linker and can then undergo chemo‐selective bio‐orthogonal conjugation with a water‐soluble azido metalloporphyrin via “click” chemistry to yield protein‐conjugates that retain their photodynamic properties. In our hands, this method was found to be highly reproducible, scalable, and tuneable which allows for the production of bioconjugates where the porphyrin‐protein conjugate not only retains an ability to generate singlet oxygen but possess an enhanced relative singlet oxygen quantum yields relative to the porphyrin alone. Furthermore, we have investigated the photochemical properties of these conjugates through photospectrometric techniques and have determined that the porphyrin macrocycles remain appreciably photostable under light irradiation. Our phototoxic protein‐photosensitizer‐conjugates show excellent photodynamic activity against a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (HT‐29) with cell viabilities of 7.7±0.5 % (IC50 8.76±2.14 μM) and 1.7±1.9 % (IC50 8.48±5.11 μM) for BSA and HAS, respectively, when irradiated with 20 J cm−2 of white‐light. Importantly, neither of the conjugates was found to possess any significant “dark” toxicity even at concentrations of 100 μM. Furthermore, the natural fluorescent properties of the bioconjugates allowed for the determination of cellular uptake in vitro via fluorescence microscopy thus highlighting the potential theranostic applications of these unique protein‐drug‐conjugates.
Layered Ni−Co−P Electrode Synthesized by CV Electrodeposition for Hydrogen Evolution at Large Currents
Authors: Chen Xiaogang , Zhao Xuan , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Shanshan , Shang Yuanyuan , Xu Jie , Guo Fengmei , Zhang Yingjiu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the catalyst efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been extensively studied. However, the stability of catalysts at high current densities is still a challenge. Herein, layered Ni−Co−P was electrodeposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) via cyclic voltammetry (CV). This low‐cost electrode exhibits high efficiency and excellent durability for HER in 1 M KOH. To achieve current densities of 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2, Ni−Co−P/CFP required overpotentials of 49, 95, 170, and 295 mV, respectively. The layered structure allows the catalyst to fall off layer by layer. After the outer layer of catalyst falls off, the inner layer of catalyst will be exposed to continue working. After 300 h of HER at 1000 mA cm−2, Ni−Co−P/CFP still has a regular morphology and high efficiency. Our work shows that layered Ni−Co−P/CFP has excellent prospects for practical applications.
Contributions of Internal Atoms of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters to Catalytic Performances
Authors: Cai Xiao , Sun Yongnan , Xu Jiayu , Zhu Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvery atom of a heterogeneous catalyst can play a direct or indirect role in its overall catalytic properties. However, it is extremely challenging to determine explicitly which atom(s) of a catalyst can contribute most to its catalytic performance because the observed performance usually reflects an average of all the atoms in the catalyst. The emergence of atomically precise metal nanoclusters brings unprecedented opportunities to address these central issues, as the crystal structures of such nanoclusters have been solved, and hence very fundamental understanding of nanocatalysis can be attained at an atomic level. This minireview focuses on recent efforts to reveal the contributions of the internal atoms or vacancies of nanocluster catalysts to the catalytic processes, including how the catalytic activity can be dramatically changed by the central doping of a foreign atom, how catalytic activation and inactivation can be reversibly switched by shuttling the central atom into and out of nanoclusters, and how evolution in catalytic activity can be driven by structural periodicity in the inner kernels of the nanoclusters. We anticipate that progress in this research area could represent a novel conceptual framework for understanding the crucial roles of internal atoms of the catalysts in tuning the catalytic properties.
Total Synthesis of Nucleoside Antibiotics Amicetin, Plicacetin, and Cytosaminomycin A—D
Authors: Fu Jiqiang , Xu Peng , Yu Biao 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionAmicetin and congeners constitute a small family of complex pyrimidine nucleosides, which exhibit strong antibiotic activities against Gram‐positive bacteria and notably against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we report chemical synthesis of a series of disaccharide congeners of the amicetin family, including amicetin, plicacetin, and cytosaminomycin A—D. It is the first time for successful synthesis of amicetin, the prototypical member, and cytosaminomycins. The synthetic approach employs glycosyl N‐phenyltrifluoroacetimidate and thioglycoside donors to construct the characteristic aminodeoxydisaccharides consisting of α‐(1→4)‐glycosidic linkage, uses gold(I)‐catalyzed N‐glycosylation to furnish 2‐deoxy‐β‐nucleosides, and finally exploits amidation and global deprotection to complete the syntheses. It is noteworthy that the 3‐O‐protecting group in the 2‐deoxydisaccharide donors is found to be crucial for a successful N‐glycosylation to assemble the cytosaminomycin disaccharide nucleosides.
Melatonin inhibits lipid accumulation to repress prostate cancer progression by mediating the epigenetic modification of CES1
Authors: Zhou Lijie , Zhang Cai , Yang Xiong , Liu Lilong , Hu Junyi , Hou Yaxin , Tao Hong , Sugimura Haruhiko , Chen Zhaohui , Wang Liang , Chen Ke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main clinical treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa eventually progresses to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), largely because of androgen receptor variation and increased intratumoral androgen synthesis. Several studies have reported that one abnormal lipid accumulation is significantly related to the development of PCa. Melatonin (MLT) is a functionally pleiotropic indoleamine molecule and a key regulator of energy metabolism. The aim of our study is finding the links between CRPC and MLT and providing the basis for MLT treatment for CRPC.MethodsWe used animal CRPC models with a circadian rhythm disorder, and PCa cell lines to assess the role of melatonin in PCa.ResultsWe demonstrated that MLT treatment inhibited tumor growth and reversed enzalutamide resistance in animal CRPC models with a circadian rhythm disorder. A systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrated that MLT is positively associated with an increased risk of developing advanced PCa. Restoration of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) expression by MLT treatment significantly reduced lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, thereby inducing apoptosis by increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress, reducing de novo intratumoral androgen synthesis, repressing CRPC progression and reversing the resistance to new endocrine therapy. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that MLT regulates the epigenetic modification of CES1. Ces1‐knockout (Ces−/−) mice verified the important role of endogenous Ces1 in PCa.ConclusionsOur findings provide novel preclinical and clinical information about the role of melatonin in advanced PCa and characterize the importance of enzalutamide combined with MLT administration as a therapy for advanced PCa.
Optimized two‐level scheduler for video traffic in LTE downlink framework
Authors: Elhadad Mohamad I. , El‐Shafai Walid , El‐Rabaie El‐Sayed M. , Abd‐Elnaby Mohammed , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe most challenging issue in long‐term evolution (LTE) mobile networks is the design of an optimal scheduler. The main target of the LTE scheduling strategy is to guarantee a certain level of quality of service (QoS) in order to satisfy users' needs. In this work, a novel queue‐optimized two‐level scheduling strategy is introduced. The queue‐optimized scheduler has the ability to support both real‐time (RT) and non‐RT (NRT) services in the LTE downlink framework. The first level of the proposed scheduler depends on an optimized queue length threshold that is dynamically adapted to adjust the assigned resources for the video traffic to maintain the throughput around its average value. The proposed scheduling strategy is utilized to efficiently enhance the radio resource allocation process for video traffic by minimizing the allocation of any excess unwanted resources, which consequently facilitates the support of more video connections and enhances the overall network spectral efficiency. The distribution of the resources among users for RT and NRT applications is actually performed at the second level of the scheduling process. The physical resource blocks (PRBs) are assigned according to the enhanced earliest due date first (EEDDF) mechanism. The proposed scheduling strategy prioritizes users according to their service requirements, to improve the QoS provision. The proposed scheduler maximizes the video applications throughput, and generally, minimizes the packet delay and the packet loss rate (PLR) for RT applications.
3,10‐Diaryl Phenothiazines – One‐pot Synthesis and Conformational Tuning of Ground and Excited State Electronics
Authors: Mayer Laura , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA broad series of electronically diverse 3,10‐diaryl phenothiazines was readily synthesized by a sequentially Pd‐catalyzed three‐component arylation‐amination synthesis in a one‐pot fashion in moderate to excellent yields. The diversity‐oriented modular nature of the multicomponent reaction concept enables comprehensive investigations of electronic properties of the title compounds by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and quantum chemical calculations to elucidate their electronic structure. The electronic properties can be fine‐tuned by the fundamental conformational change from intra to extra configuration as well as by introducing different remote electronic substituents. Physical‐organic treatment of the electronic data of a consanguineous series of this library allows establishing semiquantitative linear free energy relationships (LFERs), eventually as a 3D plot for the first oxidation potentials, paves the way to a rational design of tailored 3,10‐diaryl phenothiazines with predictable oxidation potentials and photophysical properties.
An Overview of Biosensors Based on Glutathione Transferases and for the Detection of Glutathione
Authors: Federici Luca , Masulli Michele , Allocati Nerino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlutathione transferases are enzymes involved in the detoxification against xenobiotics and noxious compounds. These enzymes catalyse a variety of reactions on many physiological and xenobiotic compounds using glutathione as a co‐substrate. Moreover, many compounds are inhibitors of such enzymes. A wide array of biosensors based on glutathione transferases have been developed for analysing a variety of noxious compounds, as well as several biosensors devoted to the detection and quantification of glutathione and of glutathione transferases themselves. Here, we review the state of the art in this active field of research, highlighting the possible applications of such devices.
In Situ Electrochemical Production of Metal‐organic Hybrid Composite Film from Nickel Containing Polyoxometalate and 3,4‐Ethylenedioxy‐thiophene for Sensor Application
Authors: Torlak Yasemin , Ayranci Rukiye , Ak Metin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn situ electrochemical synthesis of an organic‐inorganic hybrid material composed of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and nickel‐based Keggin type polyoxometalate, K7[NiIIINiII(H2O)W11O39].15H2O(NiPOM), has been proposed here. The remarkable optical and electrical properties of the PEDOT and the unique redox properties of NiPOM have synergistically combined to make the hybrid structure highly desired multi‐functional materials for a myriad of applications. The driving force for the formation of hybrid structure is thought to be electrostatic interactions between POM anions and cationic polaron/bipolaron structures that in the PEDOT. PEDOT/NiPOM based hybrid composite modified graphite electrode has been used for non‐enzymatic glucose sensor platform as a sample of applications. Furthermore, PEDOT/NiPOM based sensor platform was successfully utilized for detection of glucose content with the lowest detection limit in real samples like honey and milk. These results suggest that PEDOT/NiPOM metal‐organic hybrid composite could be utilized as multi‐functional material for a myriad of applications.
A refined nonlinear analytical method for buried pipelines crossing strike‐slip faults
Authors: Talebi Farzad , Kiyono Junji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel nonlinear governing equation and solution procedure for analyzing a buried pipeline at an active strike‐slip fault crossing. The proposed method includes exact nonlinear axial and nonlinear transverse soil–pipe interaction terms, in addition to geometrical nonlinearity terms in the governing equation. The assumption of partitioning the pipeline into four segments with four governing equations based on the soil yield threshold is removed, and a unified governing equation is introduced. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method has a significantly extended application range with improved accuracy and provides the advantage of including the sliding of buried pipelines within soil, transverse soil spring plasticity, and improved large‐deformation effects including the sliding effect. The solution procedure is improved by removing the optimization steps and external calculations. The proposed method is verified by comparison to a verified finite element‐based model with various fault displacements and angles, and the results are in excellent quantitative and qualitative agreement with the numerical results, even for cases of large fault movement. Finally, criteria for assessing the ovalization damage of buried pipelines are proposed. The proposed method fulfills the missed part of literature, and it is valuable for (1) verification of the nonlinear FEM analysis; (2) fast, economic, and reliable stability analysis and design of buried pipelines; and (3) a strong tool for future developments of buried pipelines seismic design guidelines.
An experimental evaluation of the equivalence ratios in tests apparatus used for fire effluent toxicity studies
Authors: Blomqvist Per , Sandinge Anna 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAn experimental evaluation was conducted on the bench‐scale test methods most commonly applied for generating data for fire toxicity assessments. The test methods evaluated were ISO/TS 19700, ISO 5660‐1 with the controlled atmosphere box, and ISO 5659‐2. Toxic gases were quantitatively analyzed using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. Tests were made with 11 different insulation materials and polymethylmethacrylate as a reference material. The evaluation made was on the combustion conditions in the test apparatus, not generally on the precise yields measured. The evaluation focused on the ventilation conditions created in flaming combustion tests. It was seen that ISO/TS 19700 currently offers the best means among the three test methods evaluated for conducting tests at pre‐determined and controlled equivalence ratios. The controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter does not give a prolonged steady flaming combustion period for most materials and the influence of vitiation was difficult to predict and limiting in achieving higher equivalence ratios, with the test settings applied. ISO 5659‐2 generally accumulates a mixture of gases from periods of both flaming and nonflaming combustion in a test, and the yields measured do not, in those cases, represent any specific combustion stage. For materials not showing flaming combustion, for example, mineral fiber products, the influence on the test conditions regarding oxygen consumption and heat generation from the material itself is limited compared to burning materials. However, there were specific properties and limitations of the different test methods observed that are important to consider.