bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐379‐5p targets MAP3K2 to reduce autophagy and alleviate neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia via the JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway
Authors: Mo Yun , Sun Yin‐Yi , Yue Erli , Liu Yuan , Liu Kang‐Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in neurons and play key roles in the function and development of the nervous system. This study focuses on the function of miR‐379‐5p in neurological function recovery during ischemic stroke. The expression of miR‐379‐5p in the serum of patients with ischemic stroke was determined. Human cerebral cortical neuron cells (HCN‐2) were subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic an ischemic stroke in vitro, whereas mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used as an animal model. The serum of patients with ischemic stroke and OGD‐treated HCN‐2 cells displayed a poor expression of miR‐379‐5p. Upregulation of miR‐379‐5p reduced the OGD‐induced cell damage and decreased the expression of the autophagy marker protein Beclin1 in cells. Rapamycin, an autophagy activator, blocked the protective functions of miR‐379‐5p. Further, miR‐379‐5p directly bound to MAP3K2. MAP3K2 activated the JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway and suppressed the neuroprotective events mediated by miR‐379‐5p. The in vitro results were reproduced in vivo, where upregulation of miR‐379‐5p reduced neurological impairment and infarct size in MCAO‐induced mice. This study suggested that miR‐379‐5p showed a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke and reduced autophagy of neurons through the suppression of MAP3K2 and the JNK/c‐Jun axis.
Selenium Deficiency Induces Pathological Cardiac Lipid Metabolic Remodeling and Inflammation
Authors: Tang Chaohua , Li Shuang , Zhang Kai , Li Jing , Han Yunsheng , Zhao Qingyu , Guo Xiaoqing , Qin Yuchang , Yin Jingdong , Zhang Junmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScope: Selenium (Se) disequilibrium is closely involved in many cardiac diseases, although its in vivo mechanism remains uncertain. Therefore, a pig model is created in order to generate a comprehensive picture of cardiac response to dietary Se deficiency.Methods and Results: A total of 24 pigs are divided into two equal groups, which were fed a diet with either 0.007 mg kg−1 Se or 0.3 mg kg−1 Se for 16 weeks. Se deficiency causes cardiac oxidative stress by blocking glutathione and thioredoxin systems and increases thioredoxin domain‐containing protein S‐nitrosylation. Energy production is disordered, as free fatty acids are overloaded, the tricarboxylic acid cycle is strengthened, and three respiratory chain proteins enhance S‐nitrosylation. Excess free fatty acids lead to increased synthesis of diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, where the latter two are vulnerable to oxidation and causes an increase in malondialdehyde. Moreover, increased palmitic acid enhances de novo ceramide synthesis and accumulation. Additionally, Se deficiency initiates inflammation via cytosolic DNA‐sensing pathways, which activates downstream interferon regulatory factor 7 and nuclear factor kappa B.Conclusions: The present study identifies a lipid metabolic vulnerability and inflammation initiation pathway via Se deficiency, which may provide targets for human redox imbalance‐induced cardiac disease treatment.
Thermal variation in gradient response: measurement and modeling
Authors: Nussbaum Jennifer , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Wilm Bertram J. , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeMany aspects and imperfections of gradient dynamics in MRI have been successfully captured by linear time‐invariant (LTI) models. Changes in gradient behavior due to heating, however, violate time invariance. The goal of this work is to study such changes at the level of transfer functions and model them by thermal extension of the LTI framework.MethodsTo study the impact of gradient heating on transfer functions, a clinical MR system was heated using a range of high‐amplitude DC and AC waveforms, each followed by measuring transfer functions in rapid succession while the system cooled down. Simultaneously, gradient temperature was monitored with an array of temperature sensors positioned according to initial infrared recordings of the gradient tube. The relation between temperatures and transfer functions is cast into local and global linear models. The models are analysed in terms of self‐consistency, conditioning, and prediction performance.ResultsPronounced thermal effects are observed in the time resolved transfer functions, largely attributable to in‐coil eddy currents and mechanical resonances. Thermal modeling is found to capture these effects well. The keys to good model performance are well‐placed temperature sensors and suitable training data.ConclusionHeating changes gradient response, violating time invariance. The utility of LTI modeling can nevertheless be recovered by a linear thermal extension, relying on temperature sensing and adequate one‐time training.
Upper urinary tract function of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Piquet Violaine , Turmel Nicolas , Chesnel Camille , Haddad Rebecca , Lebreton Frédérique , Amarenco Gérard , Hentzen Claire 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and renal prognosis is a key point of bladder management.ObjectiveTo assess upper urinary tract damage risk using voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in patients with (PwMS) and NLUTD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study between 2010 and 2020. Demographic data, urinary symptoms, urinary tract infection (UTI), renal ultrasounds findings, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), VCUG data, and urodynamic parameters were collected in PwMS with NLUTD.ResultsAmong 325 PwMS included, 67% were female, mean age was 51.6 ± 12.0 years, and mean EDSS 4.6 ± 1.8. VCUG showed vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in 18 patients. A link was found between VUR and progressive MS course (p = 0.04), hydronephrosis (odds ratio [OR] = 17.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.46–87.87; p = 0.001), low GFR (p < 0.001), and detrusor overactivity (p = 0.04). No association with UTIs, EDSS, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, were elicited. On multivariate analysis, alteration of GFR was independently related to the presence of VUR (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.92–0.98).ConclusionsVUR elicited on VCUG is associated with lower GFR and hydronephrosis. However, due to the low prevalence (5.5%) of this abnormality in PwMS, VCUG should be performed in selected cases and not in routinary practice.
INSIGHT responsive parenting educational intervention for firstborns is associated with growth of second‐born siblings
Authors: Savage Jennifer S. , Hochgraf Anna K. , Loken Eric , Marini Michele E. , Craig Sarah J. C. , Makova Kateryna D. , Birch Leann L. , Paul Ian M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test whether the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) responsive parenting (RP) intervention, delivered to parents of firstborn children, is associated with the BMI of first‐ and second‐born siblings during infancy.MethodsParticipants included 117 firstborn infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial and their second‐born siblings enrolled in an observation‐only ancillary study. The RP curriculum for firstborn children included guidance on feeding, sleep, interactive play, and emotion regulation. The control curriculum focused on safety. Anthropometrics were measured in both siblings at ages 3, 16, 28, and 52 weeks. Growth curve models for BMI by child age were fit.ResultsSecond‐born children were delivered 2.5 (SD 0.9) years after firstborns. Firstborn and second‐born children whose parents received the RP intervention with their first child had BMI that was 0.44 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.82 to 0.06) and 0.36 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.75 to 0.03) lower than controls, respectively. Linear and quadratic growth rates for BMI for firstborn and second‐born cohorts were similar, but second‐born children had a greater average BMI at 1 year of age (difference = −0.33 [95% CI: −0.52 to −0.15]).ConclusionsA RP educational intervention for obesity prevention delivered to parents of firstborns appears to spill over to second‐born siblings.
Interrelationships among age at adiposity rebound, BMI during childhood, and BMI after age 14 years in an electronic health record database
Authors: Freedman David S. , Goodwin‐Davies Amy J. , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Lange Samantha J. , Goodman Alyson B. , Phan Thao‐Ly Tam , Rao Suchitra , Eneli Ihuoma , Forrest Christopher B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the importance of age at adiposity rebound versus childhood BMI to subsequent BMI levels in a longitudinal analysis.MethodsFrom the electronic health records of 4.35 million children, a total of 12,228 children were selected who were examined at least once each year between ages 2 and 7 years and reexamined after age 14 years. The minimum number of examinations per child was six. Each child’s rebound age was estimated using locally weighted regression (lowess), a smoothing technique.ResultsChildren who had a rebound age < 3 years were, on average, 7 kg/m2 heavier after age 14 years than were children with a rebound age ≥ 7 years. However, BMI after age 14 years was more strongly associated with BMI at the rebound than with rebound age (r = 0.57 vs. −0.44). Furthermore, a child’s BMI at age 3 years provided more information on BMI after age 14 years than did rebound age. In addition, rebound age provided no information on subsequent BMI if a child’s BMI at age 6 years was known.ConclusionsAlthough rebound age is related to BMI after age 14 years, a child’s BMI at age 3 years provides more information and is easier to obtain.
Intervening on exercise and daylong movement for weight loss maintenance in older adults: A randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Fanning Jason , Rejeski W. Jack , Leng Iris , Barnett Cheyenne , Lovato James F. , Lyles Mary F. , Nicklas Barbara J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the impact of dietary weight loss (WL) plus aerobic exercise (EX) and a “move more, more often” approach to activity promotion (SitLess; SL) on WL and maintenance.MethodsLow‐active older adults (age 65‐86 years) with obesity were randomized to WL+EX, WL+SL, or WL+EX+SL. Participants received a social‐cognitive group‐mediated behavioral WL program for 6 months, followed by a 12‐month maintenance period. EX participants received guided walking exercise with the goal of walking 150 min/wk. SL attempted to achieve a step goal by moving frequently during the day. The primary outcome was body weight at 18 months, with secondary outcomes including weight regain from 6 to 18 months and objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior at each time point.ResultsAll groups demonstrated significant WL over 6 months (p < 0.001), with no group differences. Groups that received SL improved total activity time (p ≤ 0.05), and those who received EX improved moderate‐to‐vigorous activity time (p = 0.003). Over the 12‐month follow‐up period, those who received WL+EX demonstrated greater weight regain (5.2 kg; 95% CI: 3.5‐6.9) relative to WL+SL (2.4 kg; 95% CI: 0.8‐4.0).ConclusionsPairing dietary WL with a recommendation to accumulate physical activity contributed to similar WL and less weight regain compared with traditional aerobic exercise.
Coulomb branch global symmetry and quiver addition
Authors: Gledhill Kirsty , Hanany Amihay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To date, the best effort made to simply determine the Coulomb branch global symmetry of a theory from a 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver is by applying an algorithm based on its balanced gauge nodes. This often gives the full global symmetry, but there have been many cases seen where it instead gives only a subgroup. This paper presents a method for constructing several families of 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 unitary quivers where the true global symmetry is enhanced from that predicted by the balance algorithm, motivated by the study of Coulomb branch Hasse diagrams. This provides a rich list of examples on which to test improved algorithms for unfailingly identifying the Coulomb branch global symmetry from a quiver.
Small cosmological constants in string theory
Authors: Demirtas Mehmet , Kim Manki , McAllister Liam , Moritz Jakob , Rios-Tascon Andres 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We construct supersymmetric AdS4 vacua of type IIB string theory in compactifications on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces. We first find explicit orientifolds and quantized fluxes for which the superpotential takes the form proposed by Kachru, Kallosh, Linde, and Trivedi. Given very mild assumptions on the numerical values of the Pfaffians, these compactifications admit vacua in which all moduli are stabilized at weak string coupling. By computing high-degree Gopakumar-Vafa invariants we give strong evidence that the α′ expansion is likewise well-controlled. We find extremely small cosmological constants, with magnitude < 10−123 in Planck units. The compactifications are large, but not exponentially so, and hence these vacua manifest hierarchical scale-separation, with the AdS length exceeding the Kaluza-Klein length by a factor of a googol.
On warped string vacuum profiles and cosmologies. Part II. Non-supersymmetric strings
Authors: Mourad J. , Sagnotti A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the effects of the leading tadpole potentials of 10D tachyon-free non-supersymmetric strings in warped products of flat geometries of the typeMp+1× R × T10−p−2depending on a single coordinate. In the absence of fluxes and forp <8, there are two families of these vacua for the orientifold disk-level potential, both involving a finite internal interval. Their asymptotics are surprisingly captured by tadpole-free solutions, isotropic for one family and anisotropic at one end for the other. In contrast, for the heterotic torus-level potential there are four types of vacua. Their asymptotics are always tadpole-dependent and isotropic at one end lying at a finite distance, while at the other end, which can lie at a finite or infinite distance, they can be tadpole-dependent isotropic or tadpole-free anisotropic. We then elaborate on the general setup for including symmetric fluxes, and present the three families of exact solutions that emerge when the orientifold potential and a seven-form flux are both present. These solutions include a pair of boundaries, which are always separated by a finite distance. In the neighborhood of one, they all approach a common supersymmetric limit, while the asymptotics at the other boundary can be tadpole-free isotropic, tadpole-free anisotropic or again supersymmetric. We also discuss corresponding cosmologies, with emphasis on their climbing or descending behavior at the initial singularity. In some cases the toroidal dimensions can contract during the cosmological expansion.
Strategiewechsel zur minimal-invasiven Ösophagektomie – Ergebnisse an einem zertifizierten Zentrum
Authors: Merboth Felix , Hasanovic Jasmin , Stange Daniel , Distler Marius , Kaden Sandra , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es gibt Hinweise, dass die roboterassistierte minimal-invasive Ösophagektomie (RAMIE) die Morbidität im Vergleich zur konventionellen Operationstechnik verringern kann.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es erfolgte eine Vergleichsanalyse eines Single-Center-Strategiewechsels des Standards von offener Ösophagektomie zu RAMIE mit perioperativer, enteraler, selektiver Darmdekontamination (SDD).

Material und Methoden
Patienten- und Morbiditätsdaten nach elektiver RAMIE entsprechend dem neuen Standardmanagement zwischen Juli 2018 und September 2020 wurden retrospektiv mit einer historischen Kontrollkohorte nach offener Ösophagektomie zwischen Januar 2014 und Juni 2018 verglichen. Es erfolgte eine 1:1-Propensity-Score-Matching(PSM)-Analyse.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 75 Patienten konnten nach PSM in beiden Gruppen analysiert werden. Etwa zwei Drittel der Operationen erfolgte aufgrund eines Adenokarzinoms und ein Drittel bei Plattenepithelkarzinom. Im Median wurden 22 bzw. 21 Lymphknoten reseziert. Die intrathorakale Ösophagogastrostomie erfolgte in der RAMIE-Gruppe in 97 % mit einem Zirkularstapler mit ≥28 mm Durchmesser (offen: 25 mm in 90 % der Fälle). Die Operationszeit war länger (Median 490 vs. 339 min, p < 0,001), hingegen waren der Blutverlust (Median 300 vs. 500 ml, p < 0,001), die Anastomoseninsuffizienz- (8,0 % vs. 25,3 %, p = 0,004), Wundinfektions- (4,0 % vs. 17,3 %, p = 0,008) und pulmonale Komplikationsrate (29,3 % vs. 44,0 %, p = 0,045) sowie die mediane Krankenhausverweildauer (14 vs. 20 Tage, p < 0,001) und die 90-Tage-Mortalität signifikant geringer verglichen mit der offenen Kontrollkohorte (4,0 % vs. 13,3 %, p = 0,039).

Diskussion
Ein konsequenter Wechsel des perioperativen Managements u. a. mit RAMIE und SDD kann zu einer stabilen Reduktion der Morbidität ohne Einschränkungen der onkologischen Radikalität führen.
The mental health of young people who are not in education, employment, or training: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gariépy Geneviève , Danna Sofia M. , Hawke Lisa , Henderson Joanna , Iyer Srividya N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There are increasing concerns about the intersection between NEET (not in education, employment, or training) status and youth mental ill-health and substance use. However, findings are inconsistent and differ across types of problems. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO-CRD42018087446) on the association between NEET status and youth mental health and substance use problems.

Methods
We searched Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, ERIC, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (1999–2020). Two reviewers extracted data and appraised study quality using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We ran robust variance estimation random-effects models for associations between NEET and aggregate groups of mental ill-health and substance use measures; conventional random-effects models for associations with individual mental/substance use problems; and subgroup analyses to explore heterogeneity.

Results
We identified 24 studies from 6,120 references. NEET status was associated with aggregate groups of mental ill-health (OR 1.28, CI 1.06–1.54), substance use problems (OR 1.43, CI 1.08–1.89), and combined mental ill-health and substance use measures (OR 1.38, CI 1.15–1.64). Each disaggregated measure was associated with NEET status [mood (OR 1.43, CI 1.21–1.70), anxiety (OR 1.55, CI 1.07–2.24), behaviour problems (OR 1.49, CI 1.21–1.85), alcohol use (OR 1.28, CI 1.24–1.46), cannabis use (OR 1.62, CI 1.07–2.46), drug use (OR 1.99, CI 1.19–3.31), suicidality (OR 2.84, CI 2.04–3.95); and psychological distress (OR 1.10, CI 1.01–1.21)]. Longitudinal data indicated that aggregate measures of mental health problems and of mental health and substance use problems (combined) predicted being NEET later, while evidence for the inverse relationship was equivocal and sparse.

Conclusion
Our review provides evidence for meaningful, significant associations between youth mental health and substance use problems and being NEET. We, therefore, advocate for mental ill-health prevention and early intervention and integrating vocational supports in youth mental healthcare.
Combining the quantitative faecal immunochemical test and full blood count reliably rules out colorectal cancer in a symptomatic patient referral pathway
Authors: Johnstone Mark S. , Burton Paul , Kourounis Georgios , Winter Jack , Crighton Emilia , Mansouri David , Witherspoon Paul , Smith Karen , McSorley Stephen T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeFaecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) has proven utility for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) detection in symptomatic patients. Most studies have examined FIT in symptomatic patients subsequently referred from primary care. We investigated associations between CRC and FIT in both referred and non-referred symptomatic patients.MethodsA retrospective, observational study of all patients with a FIT submitted Aug 2018 to Jan 2019 in NHS GG&C was performed. Referral to colorectal/gastroenterology and decision to perform colonoscopy were recorded. FIT results were grouped as f-Hb < 10/10–149/150–399/ ≥ 400 μg/g. The MCN cancer registry identified new cases of CRC. Covariables were compared using theχ2 test. Multivariate binary logistic regression identified independent predictors of CRC.ResultsA total of 4968 patients were included. Raised FIT correlated with decision to refer (p < 0.001) and scope (p < 0.001). With 23-month median follow-up, 61 patients were diagnosed with CRC. These patients were older (median 69 vs 59 years, cancer and no cancer respectively,p = 0.001), more likely to be male (55.7% vs 42.1%,p = 0.033), and to report rectal bleeding (51.7% vs 36.1%,p = 0.013). FIT (< 10 µg/g 8.2% vs 76.7% and ≥ 400 µg/g 55.7% vs 3.8%,p < 0.001) and anaemia (45.9% vs 19.7%,p < 0.001) were associated with CRC. On multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.023), male sex (p = 0.04), FIT (≥ 400 OR 54.256 (95% CI:20.683–142.325;p < 0.001)), and anaemia (OR 1.956 (1.071–3.574;p = 0.029)) independently predicted CRC. One patient (0.04%) with a negative FIT and normal haemoglobin had CRC.ConclusionGP referral and secondary care investigation patterns were influenced by FIT. The combination of normal Hb and f-Hb excluded CRC in 99.96% of cases, providing excellent reassurance to those prioritising access to endoscopy services.
The Di models method: geological 3-D modeling of detrital systems consisting of varying grain fractions to predict the relative lithological variability for a multipurpose usability
Authors: Albarrán-Ordás Alberto , Zosseder Kai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe coexistence of a wide variety of subsurface uses in urban areas requires increasingly demanding geological prediction capacities for characterizing the geological heterogeneities at a small-scale. In particular, detrital systems are characterized by the presence of highly varying sediment mixtures which control the non-constant spatial distribution of properties, therefore presenting a crucial aspect for understanding the small-scale spatial variability of physical properties. The proposed methodology uses the lithological descriptions from drilled boreholes and implements sequential indicator simulation to simulate the cumulative frequencies of each lithological class in the whole sediment mixture. The resulting distributions are expressed by a set of voxel models, referred to asDimodels. This solution is able to predict the relative amounts of each grain fraction on a cell-by-cell basis and therefore also derive a virtual grain size distribution. Its implementation allows the modeler to flexibly choose both the grain fractions to be modeled and the precision in the relative quantification. The concept of information entropy is adapted as a measure of the disorder state of the clasts mixture, resulting in the concept of “Model Lithological Uniformity,” proposed as a measure of the degree of detrital homogeneity. Moreover, the “Most Uniform Lithological Model” is presented as a distribution of the most prevailing lithologies. This method was tested in the city of Munich (Germany) using a dataset of over 20,000 boreholes, providing a significant step forward in capturing the spatial heterogeneity of detrital systems and addressing model scenarios for applications requiring variable relative amounts of grain fractions.