bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of lamotrigine and other antiepileptic drugs on respiratory rhythm generation in the pre‐Bötzinger complex
Authors: Layer Nikolas , Brandes Janine , Lührs Philipp Justus , Wuttke Thomas V. , Koch Henner 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveLamotrigine and other sodium‐channel blocking agents are among the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Because other sodium channel blockers, such as riluzole, can severely alter respiratory rhythm generation during hypoxia, we wanted to investigate if AEDs can have similar effects. This is especially important in the context of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), the major cause of death in patients suffering from therapy‐resistant epilepsy. Although the mechanism of action is not entirely understood, respiratory dysfunction after generalized tonic‐clonic seizures seems to play a major role.MethodsWe used transverse brainstem slice preparations from neonatal and juvenile mice containing the pre‐Bötzinger complex (PreBötC) and measured population as well as intracellular activity of the rhythm‐generating network under normoxia and hypoxia in the presence or absence of AEDs.ResultsWe found a substantial inhibition of the gasping response induced by the application of sodium channel blockers (lamotrigine and carbamazepine). In contrast, levetiracetam, an AED‐modulating synaptic function, had a much smaller effect. The inhibition of gasping by lamotrigine was accompanied by a significant reduction of the persistent sodium current (INap) in PreBötC neurons. Surprisingly, the suppression of persistent sodium currents by lamotrigine did not affect the voltage‐dependent bursting activity in PreBötC pacemaker neurons, but led to a hypoxia‐dependent shift of the action potential rheobase in all measured PreBötC neurons.SignificanceOur results contribute to the understanding of the effects of AEDs on the vital respiratory functions of the central nervous system. Moreover, our study adds further insight into sodium‐dependent changes occurring during hypoxia and the contribution of cellular properties to the respiratory rhythm generation in the pre‐Bötzinger complex. It raises the question of whether sodium channel blocking AEDs could, in conditions of extreme hypoxia, contribute to SUDEP, an important issue that warrants further studies.
Donating to the fight for democracy: The connective activism of overseas Hong Kongers and Taiwanese in the 2019 Anti‐extradition bill movement
Authors: Li Yao‐Tai , Fung Ka Yi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 2019 Anti‐extradition Bill Movement in Hong Kong has generated global support on both the narrative side and through material donations. This article compares global support networks organized by Taiwanese and overseas Hong Kongers. Drawing on interview data with 17 Taiwanese and 13 overseas Hong Kongers regarding the reasons, processes and meanings of donation to Hong Kong protesters, we found that even though both groups organized support networks in different ways and have different perceived risks and motivations, they both engage in pro‐democracy activism and consider a shared/imagined political future (vis‐a‐vis China). By examining Hong Konger and Taiwanese support networks, this article applies a concept of connective activism that features a transnational democracy network that is based on shared beliefs, a gradual understanding of each other's experiences, and an imagined political future.
Maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness in early childhood as predictors of children's weight at school age
Authors: Schlensog‐Schuster Franziska , Klein Annette M. , Biringen Zeynep , von Klitzing Kai , Bergmann Sarah 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundWhile previous research indicates that low maternal sensitivity in mother‐child interactions puts children at risk of overweight and obesity, maternal intrusiveness has rarely been investigated in association with children's weight. We investigated whether maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness in early childhood predict children's increased body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI‐SDS) at school age. BMI‐SDS are standardized for age and gender with respect to a reference standard.MethodsAt baseline (t1), we assessed maternal sensitivity and (non‐)intrusiveness of 116 mothers with their children (48.3% female) aged 5–47 months (M = 24.00,SD = 11.36) using the emotional availability scales. We obtained anthropometric data for mothers att1 by measuring height and weight in the laboratory and for children at birth assessed by medical staff. Six years later (t2) we obtained anthropometric data for children in the laboratory or based on parental report. Linear regression analyses were run with child BMI‐SDS att2 as outcome and sensitivity and (non‐)intrusiveness as predictors, adjusting for confounders and exploring child age and gender as moderators.ResultsMaternal sensitivity only negatively predicted children's BMI‐SDS in girls, while maternal intrusiveness predicted higher child BMI‐SDS at school age regardless of child gender. The effect of maternal non‐intrusiveness remained significant when controlling for confounders.ConclusionMaternal intrusiveness in early childhood seems to represent a risk factor for increased BMI‐SDS in children, while lower maternal sensitivity tends to be a risk factor for increased BMI‐SDS in girls. This may have implications for prevention or intervention programmes.
Ordering and pricing decisions for perishable goods retailer with zero‐inventory and capital constraints
Authors: Yang Honglin , Gao Mingyun , Xiao Qinzi , Goh Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsidering the restriction of optimal profit realizing due to capital constraints in the perishable supply chain, this paper discusses two financing models, crowdfunding financing and bank credit financing from the small–medium enterprise (SME) bank, for the dynamic ordering and pricing system of perishable goods in zero‐inventory under capital constraints. Heuristics algorithms are designed to solve the model. In dynamic crowdfunding financing, retailers bear different demand for capital in different periods and the capital gap for the retailer will narrow over time. In the SME financing model, the requirement for capital depends on retail size. We characterize the conditions of the financing preference between crowdfunding and SME financing channel. Smaller retailers, relative to the bigger players, are more willing to assure higher financing returns to gain the investment.
The impact of COVID‐19 on primary health care delivery in Australia
Authors: Halcomb Elizabeth , Fernandez Ritin , Ashley Christine , McInnes Susan , Stephen Catherine , Calma Kaara , Mursa Ruth , Williams Anna , James Sharon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo validate the ‘safe and effective staffing tool’ and explore the impact of COVID‐19 on the quality of Australian primary health care (PHC).DesignA national survey was conducted from October to December 2020.MethodsThe online survey was distributed via social media and professional organisations to PHC nurses.ResultsThree‐hundred fifty‐nine PHC nurses participated. A two‐factor solution was found with factors named; ‘Perception of quality of care provided’ and ‘Personal satisfaction with care delivered’. Cronbach's alpha demonstrated good internal consistency for the total scale (α = .915) and each subscale (α = .879/α = .864). Nearly three‐quarters of participants (71.3%) were satisfied with the quality of care they delivered. Participants working in general practice, and those with more nursing experience had significantly higher scores in the factor ‘perceptions of quality of care provided’ and the total ‘quality and satisfaction with care’. A lack of time, inadequate supervision and support, and performing non‐nursing duties were reported to be impacting care quality. Most participants (80.5%) reported that COVID‐19 had impacted negatively on the detection and management of non‐COVID related health conditions.ConclusionThe ‘safe and effective staffing tool’ is a valid and reliable measure of perceived quality of care and satisfaction with care delivered. Many PHC nurses perceive that there has been an overall reduction in the quality of care delivered due to COVID‐19 and feel that there is a lack of adequate supervision and workplace support. Given the limited baseline data, further research is required to understand the extent that COVID‐19 impacts these findings. However, this study demonstrates that strategies need to be implemented to support PHC nurses to provide high‐quality care to optimise health outcomes and maintain nurse satisfaction.ImpactThis is the first attempt to evaluate care quality in Australian PHC. Policymaking requires this evidence to drive changes to better support PHC nurses.
A breeding program for Nile tilapia in Brazil: Results from nine generations of selection to increase the growth rate in cages
Authors: Yoshida Grazyella Massako , de Oliveira Carlos Antonio Lopes , Campos Eric Costa , Todesco Humberto , Araújo Filipe C. T. , Karin Hanner Mahmud , Zardin Aline M. S. O. , Bezerra Júnior Jailton S. , Filho Luiz Alexandre , Vargas Lauro , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVariance components and heritabilities for daily weight gain (DWG) were estimated for Nile tilapia farmed in cages across nine generations (G1–G9) of selection in a breeding program in Brazil. DWG was measured in 16,272 accumulated tagged animals representing 535 full‐ and half‐sib families of Nile tilapia under cage farming. The additive genetic variance showed a slight variation (0.051–0.066), and heritability estimates ranged from 0.20 to 0.33. The common environmental effect accounted for a higher proportion of the total variance in DWG, especially in the last generations (6%–24%). A genetic trend based on all data available showed a substantial increase in the DWG (about 3.3% per generation) of Nile tilapia across nine generations of selection. Furthermore, our results demonstrate ample scope for further genetic improvement.
A 10 J shock impedance in sinus rhythm correlates with a 65 J defibrillation impedance during subcutaneous defibrillator implantation using an intermuscular technique
Authors: Okabe Toshimasa , Savona Salvatore J. , Matto Faisal , Ward Chad , Singh Prabhpreet , Afzal Muhammad R. , Kalbfleisch Steven J. , Weiss Raul , Houmsse Mahmoud , Augostini Ralph S. , Hummel John D. , Daoud Emile G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDefibrillation testing (DT) is recommended during the subcutaneous defibrillator (S‐ICD) placement. We sought to compare 10 J shock impedance in sinus rhythm (SR) with 65 J defibrillation impedance and evaluate device position on a postimplant chest X‐ray (CXR) using an intermuscular (IM) technique.MethodsConsecutive S‐ICD implantations between 12/2019 and 12/2020 at The Ohio State University were reviewed. All implantations were performed using a two‐incision IM technique. Standard DT with 65 J shock and 10 J shock in SR were performed unless contraindicated. The PRAETORIAN score was calculated based on CXR.ResultsA total of 37 patients (age: 47.2 ± 15.8 years old, male: n = 26 [70.3%], body mass index: 30.1 ± 6.7 kg/m2) underwent IM S‐ICD implantation, and of those, 27 (73%) underwent both 65 J shock and 10 J shock in SR. The coefficient of determination (R2) between 10 J shock impedance and 65 J shock impedance was 0.84. The mean of an impedance difference was 1.6 ± 4.8 Ω (minimum – 11 and maximum 8). Postimplant CXR was available for 33 out of 37 patients (89.2%). The PRAETORIAN score was less than 90 in all patients and the mean score was 32.7 ± 8.8.ConclusionWe demonstrated that 10 J shock impedance in SR correlated well with 65 J defibrillation impedance during IM S‐ICD implantation. An IM implantation technique provides excellent generator location on postimplant CXR. The IM technique combined with 10 J shock in SR may be sufficient to predict and ensure the defibrillation efficacy of the S‐ICD.
Evaluation of a novel cardiac signal processing system for electrophysiology procedures: The PURE EP 2.0 study
Authors: Al‐Ahmad Amin , Knight Bradley , Tzou Wendy , Schaller Robert , Yasin Omar , Padmanabhan Deepak , Zagrodzky Jason , Bassiouny Mohammed , Burkhardt J. David , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Mansour Moussa , McLeod Christopher , Natale Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntracardiac electrogram data remain one of the primary diagnostic inputs guiding complex ablation procedures. However, the technology to collect, process, and display intracardiac signals has known shortcomings and has not advanced in several decades.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a new signal processing platform, the PURE EP™ system (PURE), in a multi‐center, prospective study.MethodsIntracardiac signal data of clinical interest were collected from 51 patients undergoing ablation procedures with PURE, the signal recording system, and the 3D mapping system at the same time stamps. The samples were randomized and subjected to blinded, controlled evaluation by three independent electrophysiologists to determine the overall quality and clinical utility of PURE signals when compared to conventional sources. Each reviewer assessed the same (92) signal sample sets and responded to (235) questions using a 10‐point rating scale. If two or more reviewers rated the PURE signal higher than the control, it was deemed superior.ResultsA total of 93% of question responses showed consensus amongst the blinded reviewers. Based on the ratings for each pair of signals, a cumulative total of 164 PURE signals out of 218 (75.2%) were statistically rated as Superior for this data set (p < .001). Only 14 PURE signals out of 218 were rated as Inferior (6.4%).ConclusionThe PURE intracardiac signals were statistically rated as superior when compared to conventional systems.
Placental expression of glucose transporters GLUT‐1, GLUT‐3, GLUT‐8 and GLUT‐12 in pregnancies complicated by gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stanirowski Paweł Jan , Szukiewicz Dariusz , Majewska Agata , Wątroba Mateusz , Pyzlak Michał , Bomba‐Opoń Dorota , Wielgoś Mirosław 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the placental expression of glucose transporters GLUT‐1, GLUT‐3, GLUT‐8 and GLUT‐12 in term pregnancies complicated by well‐controlled gestational (GDM) and type 1 pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM).Materials and MethodsA total of 103 placental samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with GDM (n = 60), PGDM (n = 20) and a non‐diabetic control group (n = 23). Computer‐assisted quantitative morphometry of stained placental sections was performed to determine the expression of selected GLUT proteins.ResultsImmunohistochemical techniques used for the identification of GLUT‐1, GLUT‐3, GLUT‐8 and GLUT‐12 revealed the presence of all glucose transporters in the placental tissue. Morphometric evaluation performed for the vascular density‐matched placental samples demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of GLUT‐1 protein in patients with PGDM as compared to GDM and control groups (P < 0.05). With regard to the expression of the other GLUT isoforms, no statistically significant differences were observed between patients from the diabetic and control populations. Positive correlations between fetal birthweight and the expression of GLUT‐1 protein in the PGDM group (rho = 0.463, P < 0.05) and GLUT‐12 in the control group (rho = 0.481, P < 0.05) were noted.ConclusionsIn term pregnancies complicated by well‐controlled GDM/PGDM, expression of transporters GLUT‐3, GLUT‐8 and GLUT‐12 in the placenta remains unaffected. Increased expression of GLUT‐1 among women with type 1 PGDM might contribute to a higher rate of macrosomic fetuses in this population.
Ferroptosis as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jakaria Md. , Belaidi Abdel Ali , Bush Ashley I. , Ayton Scott 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, with complex pathophysiology that is not fully understood. While β‐amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles define the pathology of the disease, the mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Ferroptosis is an iron‐mediated programmed cell death mechanism characterised by phospholipid peroxidation that has been observed in clinical AD samples. This review will outline the growing molecular and clinical evidence implicating ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD, with implications for disease‐modifying therapies.image
Experience in the use of midclavicular catheters: An inception cohort study
Authors: Tomás‐López María Aranzazu , Cristóbal‐Domínguez Estíbaliz , Báez‐Gurruchaga Oiane , Landa‐Portilla Beatriz , González‐Blas Laura , Lurueña‐Rodríguez Selene , Picón‐Santamaría Arantxa , Armenteros‐Yeguas Victoria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the outcomes of midclavicular catheters related to first insertion success rate, catheter dwell time, rate of catheter survival until the end of the treatment, and complication rates, as well as identify risk factors associated with early catheter removal.BackgroundMidclavicular catheters are peripheral venous catheters that are typically 20–25 cm in length.DesignInception cohort study.MethodsWe included all the midclavicular lines inserted in patients who met any of the following criteria: (a) difficult venous access; (b) administration of intravenous therapy expected to last between 6 and 30 days with non‐irritant (pH=5–9) and/or non‐vesicant drugs; or (c) contraindications to central venous catheter placement. The incidence of adverse events was calculated using percentages and episodes per 1,000 catheter days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant risk factors for unexpected catheter removal by calculating odds ratios. Catheter survival was assessed using Cox regression analysis. The STROBE guidelines were followed.ResultsOverall, 2,275 midclavicular lines were placed in 1,841 participants. The insertion success rate was 99.4% and the mean catheter dwell time was 21.82 days. The rate of adverse events was .7 per 1,000 catheter days, the most common complications being thrombosis (.39) and catheter‐associated bacteraemia (.14). No significant association was found between adverse events and the administration of irritant drugs. The incidence of unexpected removal was 6.7 per 1,000 catheter days. The multivariate analysis showed that both age ≤70 years and home therapy were associated with a lower likelihood of catheter failure.ConclusionsMidclavicular catheters are associated with a high rate of insertion success and low rates of adverse events and unplanned removal.Relevance to clinical practice.Midclavicular lines are a safe alternative for intravenous therapy lasting more than 6 days, even with irritant drugs.
Potentially unrecognised pain in children: Population‐based birth cohort study at 7 years of age
Authors: Gorito Vanessa , Monjardino Teresa , Azevedo Inês , Lucas Raquel 
Published: September 2021

AimTo estimate agreement in the point prevalence of any pain, high‐intensity pain and pain in two or more sites according to parental and child report.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 5639 children from a Portuguese birth cohort – Generation XXI, where parents and 7‐year‐old children answered the same questions at the same time. We assessed the accuracy of parental report, considering children's self‐report as the gold standard.ResultsAt 7 years of age, 499 children (8.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.1–9.6)) reported having pain at the time of the interview. Of those, 44.1% had high‐intensity pain (3.9% (95% CI 3.4–4.4) of the whole sample) and 12.4% reported pain in two or more sites (1.1% (95% CI 0.8–1.4) of the whole sample). In this community setting, pain prevalence and intensity were lower when collected from parents. Parental report had sensitivity below 20% and specificity above 95% but its positive predictive value was at most 25%.ConclusionOur findings support that, outside acute care, parents have a specific but not sensitive report of children's pain at the age of 7 years. Their report seemed useful to exclude major complaints but limited to screen children's pain. This limitation was higher for more severe pain, that is two or more sites or high‐intensity pain. Children should be asked directly about pain to avoid under‐estimating paediatric pain.
A Fibre‐ vs. cereal grain‐based diet: Which is better for horse welfare? Effects on intestinal permeability, muscle characteristics and oxidative status in horses reared for meat production
Authors: Raspa Federica , Dinardo Francesca Rita , Vervuert Ingrid , Bergero Domenico , Bottero Maria Teresa , Pattono Daniele , Dalmasso Alessandra , Vinassa Marica , Valvassori Ermenegildo , Bruno Elena , De Palo Pasquale , Valle Emanuela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHorses reared for meat production are fed high amounts of cereal grains in comparison with horses raised for other purposes. Such feeding practice may lead to risk of poor welfare consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two feeding practices on selected metabolic parameters and production aspects. Nineteen Bardigiano horses, 14.3 ± 0.7 months of age, were randomly assigned to two groups—one fed with high amounts of cereal grains (HCG;n = 9; 43% hay plus 57% cereal grain‐based pelleted feed) vs. one fed with high amounts of fibre (HFG;n = 10; 70% hay plus 30% pelleted fibrous feed)—for 129 days. At slaught on abattoir, biological and tissue samples were collected to evaluate the microbiological contamination of mesenteric lymph nodes and liver; selected meat quality traits (chemical composition and fatty acid profile of theLongissimus thoracis et lumborummuscle); and the oxidative status of the horse. A linear mixed model was used: dietary treatment and sex were fixed effects and their interaction analysed on production and metabolic parameters as dependent variables. Results showed an increased intestinal permeability in the horses fed HCG compared to HFG, according to the significant increased total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts in mesenteric lymph nodes (p = 0.04) and liver samples (p = 0.05). Horses in HCG showed increased muscle pH (p = 0.02), lighter muscle colour (L) (p = 0.01), increased intramuscular fat concentrations (p = 0.03), increased muscle glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (p = 0.01 andp = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, horses in HCG had lower muscle water holding capacity at interaction with sex (p = 0.03, lower in female), lower muscle protein content (p = 0.01), lower concentration of muscle PUFAs (p = 0.05) and lower plasma catalase activities (p = 0.05). Our results showed that feeding a high cereal grains diet can have global effects on horse physiology, and thus represents a threat for their welfare.