bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments of stainless steels in structural applications
Authors: Backhouse Andrew , Baddoo Nancy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper reviews the recent trends in the use of stainless steels for practical structural applications. It provides a context for the underpinning engineering research work taking place globally in many universities and research institutes on structural stainless steels, which has enabled the development of economic and comprehensive design standards. An already extensive body of work on the structural use of stainless steel has facilitated the growing use of stainless steels for large structures, usually in corrosive environments where durability, combined with long service life, are important and maintenance closures are very costly.Work has concentrated on duplex grades of stainless steel. Their high strength (30% higher than carbon steel S355) leads to specific applications in weight sensitive structures and this has resulted in a growing range of duplex grades from materials producers. The rationale for use of stainless steel often considers the wider project requirements, including design life and life cycle costing, future maintenance requirements, sustainability and aesthetical demands. The structural use of stainless steel in several case studies of bridges and other large structures from across the world will be discussed. The opportunities for further academic research activities from the perspective of the stainless steel industry will be highlighted.
Challenges in the Design and Implementation of a Steel Beam Launcher for Precast Girders Assembly
Authors: Rodríguez Patricia García , Cruz Jesús Tomás Muñoz , García Manuel Biedma , Llanos Fernando Flórez , Cañueto Mariano Martín 
Published: September 2021

AbstractACCIONA has designed and built a Steel Beam Launcher for Precast Beam Assembly. The structure consists of two steel trusses of triangular tridimensional structure 110.90 m long and 3.755 m high. The hoist load capacity of the Beam Launcher is 110 tons and the maximum span between supports is 52 m. The main challenge for the design of the Beam Launcher has been to guarantee the safety of the works in all the maneuvers to be carried out, taking into account the determining longitudinal slope of the viaducts up to 6.0%. To take on this challenge, the Beam Launcher has been designed with a rack‐and‐pinion system, which ensures total safety in the maneuvers. The Beam Launcher has also been designed to develop all the operations required for the assembly of the Viaducts, such as lateral load of the precast beams from barges, front and rear feed of the Beam Launcher from the adjacent span and front and rear feed from a truck located on the previously poured deck. Besides, the Beam Launcher is modular to adapt to the different spans of the Viaducts, extending and decreasing its length when needed. This modular requirement governs the design of the joints in the Beam Launcher: the connections between diagonals and main chords are pinned and the connections between modules are prestressed, using both prestressed bolts and prestressed bars depending on the demanding forces.
Diffusible Hydrogen Concentration in Drawn Arc Stud Weldments
Authors: Brätz Oliver , Henkel Knuth‐Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mechanized drawn arc stud welding is a well established process in steel construction for joining technique for pin shaped elements, especially in the field of composite constructions. Therefore, the process is commonly applied on construction sites under different climatic conditions. The process is characterized by its relatively high heat input due to high current and a weld pool protection that is realized by a ceramic ferrule holding the metal vapor as a shielding gas. However, turbulences inside the ferrule during welding cause contaminations with atmospheric humidity. Furthermore, a high cooling rate results in a strongly hardened heat‐affected zone and a considerable residual stress state in the parent material. Thus, there is a risk of hydrogen assisted cold cracking, especially for stud welding on high strength steels or under adverse welding conditions. The knowledge about the expectable hydrogen concentration is fundamental for evaluating the cold cracking susceptibility. In this study, the effect storage conditions of the consumables and atmospheric conditions are investigated and evaluated regarding their effect on the resulting hydrogen concentration in weld metal. For determination of diffusible hydrogen concentration in stud weld metal a method based on the carrier gas hot extraction is used.
Distortional buckling of compressed cold‐formed lipped C channels via buckling mode shapes
Authors: Vaszilievits‐Sömjén Bálint 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDistortional buckling is a characteristic failure mode of compressed C channels with an intermediate unbraced length in the range of 4 to 7 times the web depth. The usual codified design method to calculate the buckling resistance by Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐3 proceeds through the determination of an effective cross‐section with reduced thicknesses of the stiffener zones working against distortional buckling. To calculate the slenderness of the compressed stiffener zones Eurocode gives simple formulas, applicable separately for end stiffeners and intermediate stiffeners. The identification of the part of the cross‐section to be used in these formulas can be doubtful. It can be demonstrated that these formulas will predict unreliable critical stresses being often on the unsafe side. EN 1993‐1‐3 allows to use more reliable values based on FEA or other approaches without giving a detailed, applicable design methodology.This paper presents a method which is able to assign cross‐section buckling modes calculated with the help of finite strip analysis to compressed stiffener zones of a compressed general C section. Assignment is based on the determination of deformation energy balance. The proposed approach finds the zones of the section which tend to buckle during distortional buckling and the zones which are responsible to restrain this buckling. Additionally, it gives guidance on how to determine the exact area where the calculated thickness reduction shall be applied around the stiffener. For the thickness reduction the buckling curve given in the actual EN 1993‐1‐3 will be used.The proposed method is part of a larger research project which aims to provide a complete Eurocode compatible design methodology considering local, distortional and global buckling of general shaped cold‐formed members subject to 3D loading and support condition, to be implemented in computer software programs working with 7DOF beam finite elements..
Triaminocyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Complexes – New Catalysts for Cascade Conversions of Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Hatzfeld Jana , Skowaisa Steffen , Jäckel Elisabeth , Kaufmann Julia , Haak Edgar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVarious triaminocyclopentadienyl ruthenium complexes have been synthesized from Ru3(CO)12. The new complexes were tested for their ability to catalyze cascade conversions of propargyl alcohols. Their associated catalytic activities complement the activities of known diaminocyclopentadienone ruthenium complexes. In particular, the substrate scope of catalytic cycloadditions with 3‐ketolactones or phloroglucinol derivatives is extended to terpenoid‐derived propargyl alcohols containing an internal alkyne moiety. A wide range of cyclic terpenoid and phloroglucinol adducts are obtained by complementary application of both types of catalysts.
Development of Ultranarrow‐Bore Open Tubular High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zhou Yingyan , Guo Guangsheng , Wang Xiayan 
Published: September 2021

Comprehensive SummaryChromatography theory shows that when the inner diameter of the chromatography column is very narrow (e.g., 1—2 μm), the maximum efficiency will be produced in liquid chromatography. In addition, the increasing demand for ultrasmall volume sample analysis has produced the trend of narrowing the diameter of the liquid chromatography column. Experiments have verified that ultranarrow‐bore open tubular liquid chromatography (i.d. ≤ 2 μm) has the advantages of small sample requirement and high separation efficiency. However, there also exist huge challenges along with such obvious advantages. This review summarizes the efforts made by our research group and other research groups to develop this field. We hope that in the near future, ultranarrow bore open‐tube liquid chromatography can be successfully and maturely applied to the application of analytes with ultrasmall size and volume such as single‐cell and even subcellular organelles omics research.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Our research work originated from nanocapillary chromatographic analysis, and then expanded to micro/nanoscale bio‐separation analysis, micro/nanofluidic analysis, and the development of new micro/nano analytical instruments. Currently, our research focuses on single‐cell analysis with temporal and spatial resolution.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Having an enquiring mind; Be diligent, curious, and persistent; Pursuing perfection.What's your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?I enjoy cooking and playing Ping‐Pong. My favorite book is The Art of War.Who influences you mostly in your life?My parents.What is your favorite journal(s)?Journal of the American Chemical Society, which is the top international academic journal in the field of chemistry and values novelty.Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry?Pursue high quality, highlight the characteristics, strive for excellence, enable fast review and publication.
QoS‐aware trust establishment for cloud federation
Authors: Ahmed Usama , Al‐Saidi Asma , Petri Ioan , Rana Omer F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCloud federation enables inter‐layer resource exchanges among multiple, heterogeneous cloud service providers. This article proposes a Quality of Service (QoS) aware trust model for effective resource allocation in response to the various user requests within the Clouds4Coordination (C4C) federation system. This QoS mainly comprises of nine parameters combined into three categories: (i) node profile, (ii) reliability, and (iii) competence. Numerical values for these parameters are computed every ‘t’ seconds for each cloud provider. All values measured over an interval Δt are further processed by the proposed model to evaluate the utility associated with a provider (referred to as a discipline in the presented case study). The decision about interacting with a discipline in a collaborative project is based on this utility value. The systems architecture, evaluation methodology, proposed model, and experimental evaluation on a practical test bed is outlined. The proposed QoS‐aware trust evaluation mechanism allows selection of the most useful (based on a utility value) providers. The proposed approach can be used to support federation of cloud services across a number of different application domains.
Disruption of the biological activity of protease‐activated receptors2/4 in adults rather than children in SARS CoV‐2 virus‐mediated mortality in COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Fuloria Shivkanya , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Gupta Gaurav , Shaikh Mohammad Arshad Javed , Singh Mahaveer , Al‐Abbasi Fahad A. , Kazmi Imran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most remarkable results in 2019 is the reduced prevalence and death of children from coronavirus infection (COVID‐19). In 2019, a worldwide pandemic impacted around 0.1 billion individuals, with over 3.5 million mortality reported in the literature. There is minimal knowledge on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection immunological responses in kids. Studies have been focused mostly on adults and children since the course of pediatric sickness is often short. In adults, severe COVID‐19 is related to an excessive inflammatory reaction. Macrophages and monocytes are well known to contribute to this systemic response, although numerous lines are indicative of the importance of neutrophils. An increased number of neutrophils and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios are early signs of SARS‐CoV‐2 and a worse prognosis. In this study that it is crucial to monitor PAR2 and PAR4 expression and function (since nursing children have elevated levels) and the inhibiting the normal physiology through the use of anticoagulants may exacerbate the problem in adults. Thus, in COVID‐19 infection, we propose the use of antiplatelet (thromboxane A2 inhibitors), if required rather than anticoagulants (FXa and thrombin Inhibitors).
Endoscopic balloon dilation for the prevention of severe strictures caused by acute esophageal necrosis
Authors: Jinushi Ryuhei , Ishii Naoki , Yano Takahiko , Imamura Noriatsu , Maekawa Hisato , Kamachi Kenichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 58‐year‐old man who had the history of alcohol dependence was referred to our emergency center due to severe nausea, vomiting, and subsequent onset of chest and back pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed black‐appearing esophagus mucosa extending from the cervical esophagus to the esophagogastric junction with clear margins, a condition typically referred to as a black esophagus. Alcohol abuse was considered an important factor associated with acute esophageal necrosis in this patient. After admission, he received fluid resuscitation and proton‐pump inhibitors, with restriction of oral intake and treatment of alcohol dependence. Follow‐up EGDs and endoscopic balloon dilation were performed for the management of esophageal narrowing before the development of severe strictures. Strictures were successfully treated endoscopically without complications such as perforation.
A narrative review of systematic reviews on adherence to psoriasis treatments
Authors: Guraya Armaan , Rakita Uros , Porter Caroline L. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Psoriasis is a prevalent disorder of the skin which presents with scaly, red plaques and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, successful treatment is of great importance to the patient and provider.Objective: Nonetheless, a significant cause of treatment failure may not be incorrect diagnosis or treatment, but rather nonadherence. We aimed to elucidate what factors influence adherence to psoriasis treatments.Methods: We conducted a review on the literature on adherence by adapting search terms derived from an existing systematic review (SR) on psoriasis adherence. Only data relevant to patients with psoriasis were extracted, including the type of medications they were using, when available. All of the factors associated with adherence were grouped by medication type and whether they had positive, negative, or no association with adherence, or mixed evidence.Results: We found a unifying theme across SR was the wide heterogeneity in methodology of primary studies. There are pearls to be gleaned from this review, such as the power of a well‐written prescription, shared decision‐making, using effective treatments, having frequent follow‐up, and reframing adverse effects to improve adherence.Conclusion: There is widespread prevalence of both mixed and contradicting conclusions across the SR, which may stem from the fact that studies on adherence vary extensively in their definition of adherence, their method for evaluating it, and their patient populations.
Novel nectar robbing negatively affects reproduction in Digitalis purpurea
Authors: Mackin Christopher R. , Goulson Dave , Castellanos Maria Clara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith many plant–pollinator interactions undergoing change as species’ distributions shift, we require a better understanding of how the addition of new interacting partners can affect plant reproduction. One such group of floral visitors, nectar robbers, can deplete plants of nectar rewards without contributing to pollination. The addition of nectar robbing to the floral visitor assemblage could therefore have costs to the plant´s reproductive output. We focus on a recent plant colonist, Digitalis purpurea, a plant that in its native range is rarely robbed, but experiences intense nectar robbing in areas it has been introduced to. Here, we test the costs to reproduction following experimental nectar robbing. To identify any changes in the behavior of the principal pollinators in response to nectar robbing, we measured visitation rates, visit duration, proportion of flowers visited, and rate of rejection of inflorescences. To find the effects of robbing on fitness, we used proxies for female and male components of reproductive output, by measuring the seeds produced per fruit and the pollen export, respectively. Nectar robbing significantly reduced the rate of visitation and lengths of visits by bumblebees. Additionally, bumblebees visited a lower proportion of flowers on an inflorescence that had robbed flowers. We found that flowers in the robbed treatment produced significantly fewer seeds per fruit on average but did not export fewer pollen grains. Our finding that robbing leads to reduced seed production could be due to fewer and shorter visits to flowers leading to less effective pollination. We discuss the potential consequences of new pollinator environments, such as exposure to nectar robbing, for plant reproduction.
Negative impacts of dominance on bee communities: Does the influence of invasive honey bees differ from native bees?
Authors: Garibaldi Lucas A. , Pérez‐Méndez Néstor , Cordeiro Guaraci D. , Hughes Alice , Orr Michael , Alves‐dos‐Santos Isabel , Freitas Breno M. , Freitas de Oliveira Favízia , LeBuhn Gretchen , Bartomeus Ignasi , Aizen Marcelo A. , Andrade Patricia B. , Blochtein Betina , Boscolo Danilo , Drumond Patricia M. , Gaglianone Maria Cristina , Gemmill‐Herren Barbara , Halinski Rosana , Krug Cristiane , Maués Márcia Motta , Piedade Kiill Lucia H. , Pinheiro Mardiore , Pires Carmen S. S. , Viana Blandina Felipe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvasive species can reach high abundances and dominate native environments. One of the most impressive examples of ecological invasions is the spread of the African subspecies of the honey bee throughout the Americas, starting from its introduction in a single locality in Brazil. The invasive honey bee is expected to more negatively impact bee community abundance and diversity than native dominant species, but this has not been tested previously. We developed a comprehensive and systematic bee sampling scheme, using a protocol deploying 11,520 pan traps across regions and crops for three years in Brazil. We found that invasive honey bees are now the single most dominant bee species. Such dominance has not only negative consequences for abundance and species richness of native bees but also for overall bee abundance (i.e., strong “numerical” effects of honey bees). Contrary to expectations, honey bees did not have stronger negative impacts than other native bees achieving similar levels of dominance (i.e., lack of negative “identity” effects of honey bees). These effects were markedly consistent across crop species, seasons and years, and were independent from land‐use effects. Dominance could be a proxy of bee community degradation and more generally of the severity of ecological invasions.
Functional trait data for vascular plant species from northeastern North America
Authors: Waller Donald M. , Paulson Alison K. , Richards Jeannine H. , Alverson William S. , Amatangelo Kathryn L. , Bai Chengke , Johnson Sarah E. , Li Daijiang , Sonnier Grégory , Toczydlowski Rachel H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWisconsin's plant communities are responding to shifting disturbance regimes, habitat fragmentation, aerial nitrogen deposition, exotic species invasions, ungulate herbivory, and successional processes. To better understand how plant functional traits mediate species' responses to changing environmental conditions, we collected a large set of functional trait data for vascular plant species occupying Wisconsin forests and grasslands. We used standard protocols to make 76,213 measurements of 34 quantitative traits. These data provide rich information on genome size, physical leaf traits (length, width, circularity, thickness, dry matter content, specific leaf area, etc.), chemical leaf traits (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ash), life history traits (vegetative and flower heights, seed mass), and traits affecting plant palatability (leaf fiber, fat, and lignin). These trait values derive from replicate measurements on 12+ individuals of each species from multiple sites and 45+ individuals for a selected subset of species. Measurements typically reflect values for individuals although some chemical traits involved composite samples from several individuals at the same site. We also qualitatively characterized each species by plant family, woodiness, functional group, and Raunkiaer lifeform. These data allow us to characterize trait dimensionality, differentiation, and covariation among temperate plant species (e.g., leaf and stem economic syndromes). We can also characterize species' responses to environmental gradients and drivers of ecological change. With survey and resurvey data available from >400 sites in Wisconsin, we can analyze variation in community trait distributions and diversity over time and space. These data therefore allow us to assess how trait divergence vs. convergence affects community assembly and how traits may be related to half‐century shifts in the distribution and abundance of these species. The data set can be used for non‐commercial purposes. The data set is licensed as follows: CC‐By Attribution 4.0 International. We request users cite both the OSF data set and this Ecology data paper publication.