bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of processing conditions and catalyst type on the thermal oxidative degradation mechanisms and melt stability of metallocene and Ziegler‐catalyzed ethylene‐1‐hexene copolymers
Authors: Al‐Malaika Sahar , Daraz Umar , Issenhuth Sylvie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyolefins have traditionally been polymerized via the heterogeneous Ziegler Natta (Z‐N) catalysts since their discovery in the 1950s, but the later developments of the homogeneous single site metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts have opened the possibility for the synthesis of polyolefin polymers and copolymers (commercialized in the 1990s) with highly defined microstructure and great degree of control of their molecular architecture resulting in some unique beneficial properties compared to their Z‐N counterparts. The main aim of the work reported here was to examine critically the effects of the processing conditions during multipass extrusions on the molecular and rheological characteristics of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene and a Ziegler‐Natta‐based counterpart polymer and on the thermoxidative (in the melt) stability of their melts and their stabilization. Both polymers examined here were based on ethylene‐1‐hexene copolymers and produced by the same manufacturer with similar density and melt index (MI) values. The melt stability and rheological properties of the polymers were determined from melt flow and capillary rheometric measurements. The molecular characteristics were investigated using GPC for molecular weight determination, 13C‐NMR for short chain branching, 1H‐NMR and FTIR for the type and concentration of unsaturation groups, FTIR for carbonyl‐containing compounds and chemical analysis for hydroperoxide determination. The processibility of the two polymers was compared through examination of different processing conditions (die temperatures 210–285°C, screw speeds 50–200 rpm) used for a multipass extrusion process. Further, the effects of the processing conditions on the melt thermoxidation of the differently catalyzed LLDPE polymers were investigated. The results demonstrated that both the catalyst type and the processing conditions have a great effect on both the rheological and the themoxidative behavior of the polymers as well as on the balance between the competing oxidative reactions taking place in the polymer melt, for example, chain scission and crosslinking reactions. The results obtained for the different multipass extrusion conditions of the two polymers have illustrated clearly that the degradation mechanisms during their melt processing are substantially different. The melt degradation route of the Ziegler‐catalyzed polymer was shown to be dominated by chain scission reactions under all the processing conditions examined, and more so at the higher shear rates and temperatures. By contrast, the evidence clearly showed that the metallocene‐catalyzed polymer gave rise to crosslinking reactions that predominated even under the more severe processing conditions, that is, higher temperatures and shear rates.
Pericardial tamponade during balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in a dog
Authors: Wieser Manuela , Ringer Simone Katja , Baron Toaldo Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 4‐month‐old entire male Coton de Tulear dog was referred for balloon valvuloplasty for treatment of severe valvular pulmonic stenosis. During the procedure, when attempting to pass the guide wire into the ventricle, the dog developed cardiac arrest. After initial resuscitation with chest compressions, manual ventilation, adrenaline and intravenous fluids, focused cardiac ultrasound revealed pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis resolved the haemodynamic emergency. This case report should raise awareness of pericardial tamponade as a possible complication during pulmonic stenosis balloon valvuloplasty. It describes the clinical signs observed during anaesthesia as well as how to treat it with a positive outcome.
Extracting Einstein from the loop-level double-copy
Authors: Carrasco John Joseph M. , Vazquez-Holm Ingrid A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The naive double-copy of (multi) loop amplitudes involving massive matter coupled to gauge theories will generically produce amplitudes in a gravitational theory that contains additional contributions from propagating antisymmetric tensor and dilaton states even at tree-level. We present a graph-based approach that combines the method of maximal cuts with double-copy construction to offer a systematic framework to isolate the pure Einstein-Hilbert gravitational contributions through loop level. Indeed this allows for a bootstrap of pure-gravitational results from the double-copy of massive scalar-QCD. We apply this to construct the novel result of the D-dimensional one-loop five-point QFT integrand relevant in the classical limit to generating observables associated with the radiative effects of massive black-hole scattering via pure Einstein-Hilbert gravity.
Combined SMEFT interpretation of Higgs, diboson, and top quark data from the LHC
Authors:   The SMEFiT collaboration, Ethier Jacob J. , Magni Giacomo , Maltoni Fabio , Mantani Luca , Nocera Emanuele R. , Rojo Juan , Slade Emma , Vryonidou Eleni , Zhang Cen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a global interpretation of Higgs, diboson, and top quark production and decay measurements from the LHC in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) at dimension six. We constrain simultaneously 36 independent directions in its parameter space, and compare the outcome of the global analysis with that from individual and two-parameter fits. Our results are obtained by means of state-of-the-art theoretical calculations for the SM and the EFT cross-sections, and account for both linear and quadratic corrections in the 1/Λ2 expansion. We demonstrate how the inclusion of NLO QCD and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(Λ−4) effects is instrumental to accurately map the posterior distributions associated to the fitted Wilson coefficients. We assess the interplay and complementarity between the top quark, Higgs, and diboson measurements, deploy a variety of statistical estimators to quantify the impact of each dataset in the parameter space, and carry out fits in BSM-inspired scenarios such as the top-philic model. Our results represent a stepping stone in the ongoing program of model-independent searches at the LHC from precision measurements, and pave the way towards yet more global SMEFT interpretations extended to other high-pT processes as well as to low-energy observables.
Multipoint correlation functions at phase separation. Exact results from field theory
Authors: Squarcini Alessio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider near-critical two-dimensional statistical systems with boundary conditions inducing phase separation on the strip. By exploiting low-energy properties of two-dimensional field theories, we compute arbitrary n-point correlation of the order parameter field. Finite-size corrections and mixed correlations involving the stress tensor trace are also discussed. As an explicit illustration of the technique, we provide a closed-form expression for a three-point correlation function and illustrate the explicit form of the long-ranged interfacial fluctuations as well as their confinement within the interfacial region.
A bound on chaos from stability
Authors: Yoon Junggi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We explore the quantum chaos of the coadjoint orbit action of diffeomorphism group of S1. We study quantum fluctuation around a saddle point to evaluate the soft mode contribution to the out-of-time-ordered correlator. We show that the stability condition of the semi-classical analysis of the coadjoint orbit found in [1] leads to the upper bound on the Lyapunov exponent which is identical to the bound on chaos proven in [2]. The bound is saturated by the coadjoint orbit Diff(S1)/SL(2) while the other stable orbit Diff(S1)/U(1) where the SL(2, ℝ) is broken to U(1) has non-maximal Lyapunov exponent.
Millicharged particles from the heavens: single- and multiple-scattering signatures
Authors: Argüelles Carlos A. , Kelly Kevin J. , Muñoz Víctor M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For nearly a century, studying cosmic-ray air showers has driven progress in our understanding of elementary particle physics. In this work, we revisit the production of millicharged particles in these atmospheric showers and provide new constraints for XENON1T and Super-Kamiokande and new sensitivity estimates of current and future detectors, such as JUNO. We discuss distinct search strategies, specifically studies of single-energy-deposition events, where one electron in the detector receives a relatively large energy transfer, as well as multiple-scattering events consisting of (at least) two relatively small energy depositions. We demonstrate that these atmospheric search strategies — especially the multiple-scattering signature — provide significant room for improvement beyond existing searches, in a way that is complementary to anthropogenic, beam-based searches for MeV-GeV millicharged particles. Finally, we also discuss the implementation of a Monte Carlo simulation for millicharged particle detection in large-volume neutrino detectors, such as IceCube.
Quasi-Cauchy quotients and means
Authors: Matkowski Janusz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet $$I\subset {\mathbb {R}}$$

I
⊂
R

be an interval that is closed under addition, and $$ k\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

k
∈
N

, $$k\ge 2\,$$

k
≥
2

. For a function $$f:I\rightarrow \left( 0,\infty \right) $$

f
:
I
→

0
,
∞

such that $$F\left( x\right) :=\frac{f\left( kx\right) }{ kf\left( x\right) }$$

F

x

:
=

f

k
x

k
f

x

is invertible in I, the k-variable function $$ M_{f}:I^{k}\rightarrow I,$$

M
f

:

I
k

→
I
,

$$\begin{aligned} M_{f}\left( x_{1},\ldots ,x_{k}\right) :=F^{-1}\left( \frac{f\left( x_{1}+\cdots +x_{k}\right) }{f\left( x_{1}\right) +\cdots +f\left( x_{k}\right) } \right) , \end{aligned}$$

M
f

x
1

,
…
,

x
k

:
=

F

-
1

f

x
1

+
⋯
+

x
k

f

x
1

+
⋯
+
f

x
k

,

is a premean in I, and it is referred to as a quasi Cauchy quotient of the additive type of generator f. Three classes of means of this type generated by the exponential, logarithmic, and power functions, are examined. The suitable quasi Cauchy quotients of the exponential types (for continuous additive, logarithmic, and power functions) are considered. When I is closed under multiplication, the quasi Cauchy quotient means of logarithmic and multiplicative type are studied. The equalities of premeans within each of these classes are discussed and some open problems are proposed.
Wire arc additive manufacturing of AA5183 with TiC nanoparticles
Authors: Langelandsvik Geir , Eriksson Magnus , Akselsen Odd M. , Roven Hans J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAluminium alloys processed by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) exhibit a relatively coarse microstructure with a columnar morphology. A powerful measure to refine the microstructure and to enhance mechanical properties is to promote grain refinement during solidification. Addition of ceramic nanoparticles has shown great potential as grain refiner and strengthening phase in aluminium alloys. Thus, an Al-Mg alloy mixed with TiC nanoparticles was manufactured by the novel metal screw extrusion method to a wire and subsequently deposited by WAAM. Measures to restrict oxidation of magnesium during metal screw extrusion were examined. Purging of CO2 gas into the extrusion chamber resulted in a remarkable reduction in formation of MgO and Mg(OH)2. TiC decomposed to Al3Ti during WAAM deposition, leading to a significant grain refinement of 93% compared to a commercial benchmark. The presence of remaining TiC nanoparticles accounted for an increased hardness of the WAAM material through thermal expansion mismatch strengthening and Orowan strengthening. Exposure of TiC to moisture in air during metal screw extrusion increased the internal hydrogen content significantly, and a highly porous structure was seen after WAAM deposition.
Identifying and decomposing peer effects on decision-making using a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shimamoto Daichi , Todo Yasuyuki , Kim Yu Ri , Matous Petr 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUtilizing a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in traditional clusters of apparel and textile firms in Vietnam, this paper investigates peer effects on firm managers’ decisions to participate in seminars on export promotion. We invited 131 randomly selected firm representatives to three one-day seminars on export promotion. We use the number of randomly invited peers to identify peer effects. We further decompose the invited peers into peers invited to the same seminar, those invited to the earlier seminars, and those invited to the later seminars. We find that the former has a positive effect on firms' participation, whereas the latter two have no significant effect. These results imply that peer effects on participation primarily arise from the benefits of face-to-face interactions. The presence of positive peer effects suggests that multiple equilibria in terms of the share of participants within each village of firms may emerge, which is also consistent with our observations.
Quo vadis blood protein adductomics?
Authors: Sabbioni Gabriele , Day Billy W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChemicals are measured regularly in air, food, the environment, and the workplace. Biomonitoring of chemicals in biological fluids is a tool to determine the individual exposure. Blood protein adducts of xenobiotics are a marker of both exposure and the biologically effective dose. Urinary metabolites and blood metabolites are short term exposure markers. Stable hemoglobin adducts are exposure markers of up to 120 days. Blood protein adducts are formed with many xenobiotics at different sites of the blood proteins. Newer methods apply the techniques developed in the field of proteomics. Larger adducted peptides with 20 amino acids are used for quantitation. Unfortunately, at present the methods do not reach the limits of detection obtained with the methods looking at single amino acid adducts or at chemically cleaved adducts. Therefore, to progress in the field new approaches are needed.
An isogeometric mortar method for the coupling of multiple NURBS domains with optimal convergence rates
Authors: Dornisch W. , Stöckler J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the mortar finite element method for second order elliptic boundary value problems on domains which are decomposed into patches $$\Omega _k$$

Ω
k

with tensor-product NURBS parameterizations. We follow the methodology of IsoGeometric Analysis (IGA) and choose discrete spaces $$X_{h,k}$$

X

h
,
k

on each patch $$\Omega _k$$

Ω
k

as tensor-product NURBS spaces of the same or higher degree as given by the parameterization. Our work is an extension of Brivadis et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 284:292–319, 2015) and highlights several aspects which did not receive full attention before. In particular, by choosing appropriate spaces of polynomial splines as Lagrange multipliers, we obtain a uniform infsup-inequality. Moreover, we provide a new additional condition on the discrete spaces $$X_{h,k}$$

X

h
,
k

which is required for obtaining optimal convergence rates of the mortar method. Our numerical examples demonstrate that the optimal rate is lost if this condition is neglected.
Highly sensitive interleukin 6 detection by employing commercially ready liposomes in an LFA format
Authors: Rink Simone , Kaiser Barbara , Steiner Mark-Steven , Duerkop Axel , Baeumner Antje J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent years have confirmed the ubiquitous applicability of lateral flow assays (LFA) in point-of-care testing (POCT). To make this technology available for low abundance analytes, strategies towards lower limits of detections (LOD), while maintaining the LFA’s ease of use, are still being sought. Here, we demonstrate how liposomes can significantly improve the LOD of traditional gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–based assays while fully supporting a ready-to-use system for commercial application. We fine-tuned liposomes towards photometric and fluorescence performance on the synthesis level and applied them in an established interleukin 6 (IL-6) immunoassay normally using commercial AuNP labels. IL-6’s low abundance (< 10 pg mL−1) and increasing relevance as prognostic marker for infections make it an ideal model analyte. It was found that liposomes with a high encapsulant load (150 mmol L−1 sulforhodamine B (SRB)) easily outperform AuNPs in photometric LFAs. Specifically, liposomes with 350 nm in diameter yield a lower LOD even in complex matrices such as human serum below the clinically relevant range (7 pg mL−1) beating AuNP by over an order of magnitude (81 pg mL−1). When dehydrated on the strip, liposomes maintained their signal performance for over a year even when stored at ambient temperature and indicate extraordinary stability of up to 8 years when stored as liquid. Whereas no LOD improvement was obtained by exploiting the liposomes’ fluorescence, an extraordinary gain in signal intensity was achieved upon lysis which is a promising feature for high-resolution and low-cost detection devices. Minimizing the procedural steps by inherently fluorescent liposomes, however, is not feasible. Finally, liposomes are ready for commercial applications as they are easy to mass-produce and can simply be substituted for the ubiquitously used AuNPs in the POCT market.
Graphical abstract
Efficacy of the Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device for cerebral aneurysms and causes of failed deployment
Authors: Suyama Kenichiro , Nakahara Ichiro , Matsumoto Shoji , Suyama Yoshio , Morioka Jun , Hasebe Akiko , Tanabe Jun , Watanabe Sadayoshi , Kuwahara Kiyonori 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) has recently become available for flow diversion in Japan. We have encountered cases that failed to deploy the FRED. In this study, we report our initial experience with the FRED for cerebral aneurysms and clarify the causes of failed FRED deployment.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis was performed to identify patients treated with the FRED between June 2020 and March 2021. Follow-up digital subtraction angiography was performed at 3 and 6 months and assessed using the O’Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading scale.

Results
Thirty-nine aneurysms in 36 patients (average age: 54.4 years) were treated with the FRED. The average sizes of the dome and neck were 9.9 mm and 5.2 mm, respectively. In nine patients, additional coiling was performed. In one patient (2.6%), proximal vessel injury caused direct carotid-cavernous fistula during deployment. Ischaemic complications were encountered in one patient (2.6%) with transient symptoms. Angiographic follow-up at 6 months revealed OKM grade C or D in 86.6% of patients. FRED deployment was successful in 35 (92.1%) procedures. In the failure group, the differences between the FRED and the minimum vessel diameter (P = 0.04) and the rate of the parent vessel having an S-shaped curve (P = 0.04) were greater than those in the success group.

Conclusions
Flow diversion using the FRED is effective and safe for treating cerebral aneurysms. The use of the FRED for patients with an S-shaped curve in the parent vessel and oversizing of more than 2 mm should be considered carefully.
A phase 1b study of erlotinib and momelotinib for the treatment of EGFR-mutated, tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Padda Sukhmani K. , Reckamp Karen L. , Koczywas Marianna , Neal Joel W. , Kawashima Jun , Kong Shengchun , Huang Daniel B. , Kowalski Mark , Wakelee Heather A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Preclinical evidence suggests the feedforward cytokine loop of interleukin-6/Janus kinases (JAK)/STAT3 plays a role in epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
In this phase 1b study, the JAK1/2 and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) inhibitor momelotinib was evaluated in combination with erlotinib in patients with EGFR TKI-naive, EGFR-mutated NSCLC. After erlotinib lead-in (50, 75, 100, or 150 mg oral daily [QD]), momelotinib was combined and dose escalated in a 3 + 3 study design. The primary endpoint of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of momelotinib was determined based on the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the first 28-day cycle. Secondary endpoints included efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK).

Results
Eleven patients were enrolled across 3 dose levels of momelotinib (100 mg QD, 200 mg QD, and 100 mg twice daily [BID]). The MTD was momelotinib 200 mg QD in combination with erlotinib. Two DLTs of grade 4 neutropenia without fever and grade 3 diarrhea occurred at momelotinib 100 mg BID. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events included diarrhea, dry skin, fatigue, and decreased appetite; the vast majority being grades 1–2. The overall response rate was 54.5% (90% CI 27.1–80.0; all partial) and median progression-free survival was 9.2 months (90% CI 6.2–12.4). Momelotinib did not affect the PK of erlotinib.

Conclusions
The JAK1/2 and TBK1 inhibitor momelotinib in combination with erlotinib did not appear to enhance benefit over the historical data of erlotinib monotherapy in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT02206763.
Automated detection and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage suspect hyperdensities in non-contrast-enhanced CT scans of acute stroke patients
Authors: Schmitt N. , Mokli Y. , Weyland C. S. , Gerry S. , Herweh C. , Ringleb P. A. , Nagel S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Artif
icial intelligence (AI)–based image analysis is increasingly applied in the acute stroke field. Its implementation for the detection and quantification of hemorrhage suspect hyperdensities in non-contrast-enhanced head CT (NCCT) scans may facilitate clinical decision-making and accelerate stroke management.

Methods
NCCTs of 160 patients with suspected acute stroke were analyzed regarding the presence or absence of acute intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) using a novel AI-based algorithm. Read was performed by two blinded neuroradiology residents (R1 and R2). Ground truth was established by an expert neuroradiologist. Specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve were calculated for ICH and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) detection. IPH-volumes were segmented and quantified automatically by the algorithm and semi-automatically. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dice coefficient (DC) were calculated.

Results
In total, 79 of 160 patients showed acute ICH, while 47 had IPH. Sensitivity and specificity for ICH detection were 0.91 and 0.89 for the algorithm; 0.99 and 0.98 for R1; and 1.00 and 0.98 for R2. Sensitivity and specificity for IPH detection were 0.98 and 0.89 for the algorithm; 0.83 and 0.99 for R1; and 0.91 and 0.99 for R2. Interreader reliability for ICH and IPH detection showed strong agreements for the algorithm (0.80 and 0.84), R1 (0.96 and 0.84), and R2 (0.98 and 0.92), respectively. ICC indicated an excellent (0.98) agreement between the algorithm and the reference standard of the IPH-volumes. The mean DC was 0.82.

Conclusion
The AI-based algorithm reliably assessed the presence or absence of acute ICHs in this dataset and quantified IPH volumes precisely.

Key Points
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is able to detect hyperdense volumes on brain CTs reliably.
• Sensitivity and specificity are highest for the detection of intraparenchymal hemorrhages.
• Interreader reliability for hemorrhage detection shows strong agreement for AI and human readers.