bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder dialogue under institutional voids: decoupling the role of corporate motives, ethics, and resources
Authors: Ferri Laura Maria , Pedrini Matteo , Minciullo Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study aims at further understanding the relationships between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Stakeholder Dialogue (SD) by exploring whether and how corporate motives for CSR affect the engagement into SD under institutional voids. The study also builds on the vast existing literature discussing the role of institutional mechanisms, analyzing how local ethics influence the vision of stakeholders, and on the resource-based view, highlighting how the availability of resources shapes CSR and SD. The paper discusses the results of a study we ran in Mozambique and which involved 235 domestic and foreign firms operating in the country. Mozambique is an interesting setting to analyze CSR as it is characterized by institutional voids, it has a vibrant economic environment, and it is influenced by Ubuntu ethics. Our findings confirm that under institutional voids corporate motives for CSR influence firms’ commitment to SD, especially with regards to profitability, whereas firm driven by legitimacy reasons resulted in being less involved in activities towards stakeholders. Contrary to previous studies, the study highlights that ethics do not affect SD. Differently, the study support literature on the role of resources in influencing the behaviour of companies towards CSR and SD.
Conformity Assessments and Post-market Monitoring: A Guide to the Role of Auditing in the Proposed European AI Regulation
Authors: Mökander Jakob , Axente Maria , Casolari Federico , Floridi Luciano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe proposed European Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first attempt to elaborate a general legal framework for AI carried out by any major global economy. As such, the AIA is likely to become a point of reference in the larger discourse on how AI systems can (and should) be regulated. In this article, we describe and discuss the two primary enforcement mechanisms proposed in the AIA: theconformity assessmentsthat providers of high-risk AI systems are expected to conduct, and thepost-market monitoring plansthat providers must establish to document the performance of high-risk AI systems throughout their lifetimes. We argue that the AIA can be interpreted as a proposal to establish a Europe-wide ecosystem for conducting AI auditing, albeit in other words. Our analysis offers two main contributions. First, by describing the enforcement mechanisms included in the AIA in terminology borrowed from existing literature on AI auditing, we help providers of AI systems understand how they can prove adherence to the requirements set out in the AIA in practice. Second, by examining the AIA from an auditing perspective, we seek to provide transferable lessons from previous research about how to refine further the regulatory approach outlined in the AIA. We conclude by highlighting seven aspects of the AIA where amendments (or simply clarifications) would be helpful. These include, above all, the need to translate vague concepts into verifiable criteria and to strengthen the institutional safeguards concerning conformity assessments based on internal checks.
Variation in the chemical quality of woody supplements for nursery growing media affects growth of tree seedlings
Authors: Adamczyk Bartosz , Adamczyk Sylwia , Kitunen Veikko , Hytönen Tuija , Mäkipää Raisa , Pennanen Taina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTree seedlings are produced in tree nurseries. However, nursery-grown seedlings often exhibit poor performance after outplanting due to the lack of adaptation to harsh natural conditions. These nursery-grown seedlings do not necessarily possess well-developed ectomycorrhizal symbionts, which help to obtain nutrients and increase resilience in exchange for seedling photoassimilated carbon. To improve the quality of the seedlings in natural conditions, we sowed spruce seeds on growing media with the addition of wood chips, i.e. stemwood chips or polyphenol- and resin acid-rich knotwood chips. Wood chips were chosen because they are common forest side-streams, and their compounds have shown a potential to improve mycorrhization and seedling fitness. Wood chips initially decreased the growth of seedlings. However, this effect levelled off with time and depended on the quality of the wood. Wood chips had no effect on mycorrhization. Further testing of the wood material showed that wood chips seemed to decrease seedling growth via nitrogen (N) immobilisation rather than a direct toxic effect. The phenomenon of N immobilisation on wood chips could be explored further to develop a slow-release N source, aptly reflecting N availability in natural conditions. Slow-release N source based on wood chips could be beneficial both to increase survival in natural conditions and for environment protection.
Accuracy of vertebral puncture in percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Noguchi Tomoyuki , Yamashita Koji , Shida Yoshitaka , Okafuji Takashi , Kamei Ryotaro , Maehara Junki , Tajima Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To clarify the accuracy of vertebral puncture of the vertebral tertile area needling (VETERAN) method puncturing the pedicle superimposed on one-third of the width between the lateral vertebral line to the contralateral medial lamina line compared with Cathelin-needle-assisted puncture (CAP) method puncturing using the Cathelin needle as a guide in percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Materials and methods
449 punctures by CAP method and 125 punctures by VETERAN method were enrolled. We compared the puncture accuracy of both methods. We estimated a vertebral estimated tilting ratio (VET-ratio) defined as ratio of the distance between the lateral vertebral line and the contralateral medial laminal line to the distance between the vertebral lateral line and the puncture point measured by computed tomography. We also estimated the procedural items and clinical outcomes.

Results
VETERAN method with 100% of punctures within safe zone (cortical breaches within 2 mm) had significantly higher accuracy than CAP method with 97.8% (p < 0.01) for the 2 mm incremental evaluation. No cases with a VET-ratio of 36% or less had cortical breaches. VETERAN method had shorter operative time per puncture (p < 0.01) and exposure time per puncture (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
VETERAN method reduced the occurrence of the inaccurate puncture, operative times, and exposure times. A VET-ratio with 36% or less is associated with a safe puncture using VETERAN method.
Farmed animal production in tropical circular food systems
Authors: Oosting Simon , van der Lee Jan , Verdegem Marc , de Vries Marion , Vernooij Adriaan , Bonilla-Cedrez Camila , Kabir Kazi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the discourse about the development of farmed animal production (terrestrial livestock production and aquaculture) in the tropics, two important food system outcomes emerge: (1) to supply animal-sourced food (ASF) at a level that suffices healthy future diets, including for poor people, and (2) to contribute to climate change mitigation and minimize pollution with nitrogen and phosphorus. Livestock production and aquaculture contribute to food security directly by increasing producers’ food diversity and availability, but also that of urban consumers, and indirectly through income generation and increased farm resilience. Recently, circularity has come to the fore as an integrated approach to food system development. Circularity has four cornerstones: (1) food crops have highest priority (which implies no food-feed competition), (2) avoid losses, (3) recycle waste and (4) use animals to unlock biomass that humans cannot eat. In this review, the role of farmed animals in circular food systems in the tropics is presented in four case studies and the impacts of circularity on food security and environmental impact mitigation are discussed. The cases are ruminants in grazing systems in West Africa and in Colombia, fish in pond aquaculture in general, and land-limited dairy production in Indonesia. Additionally, options for novel protein sources for use in livestock and fish feeding are presented. It is concluded that farmed animals are important in circular food systems because of their use of land unsuited for crop production, their upgrading of crop residues, and their supply of manure to crop production. Nevertheless, the increasing demand for ASF puts pressure on important characteristics of circularity, such as minimizing food-feed competition, maximization of use of waste streams in feed, and the value of manure for fertilization. Hence, in line with conclusions for Western countries, maximum circularity and sustainability of food systems can only be achieved by optimizing the population size of animals. Thus, a sustainable contribution of ASF production to global food security is complex and in not only a technical matter or outcome of an economic process balancing supply and demand. It requires governance for which public, private, and social actors need to partner.
Combined Butyric Acid and Methane Production from Grass Silage in a Novel Green Biorefinery Concept
Authors: Steinbrenner Jörg , Mueller Joachim , Oechsner Hans 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In a Green Biorefinery, grass silage can be a source for lactic acid, proteins, amino acids and fibres. Processing residues can be used for anaerobic digestion and methane production. But by changing the ensiling conditions, butyric acid fermentation can be achieved. That makes grass silage also a potential substrate for a combined butyric acid and methane production. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of butyric acid production at different ensiling conditions applied to grass and measuring the methane yield potential of solid residues after a separation step. The highest butyric acid concentration in the produced press juice was 20.1 ± 4.5 g kg−1 and was achieved by carbonated lime addition and a reduced dry matter content after 90 days at mesophilic storage conditions. This resulted in a theoretical butyric acid yield of 332 kg ha−1 a−1. For the fibrous leftover press cake, a theoretical methane production potential of 2778 m3CH4 ha−1 a−1 was reached. The results show that theoretically a combined production of butyric acid and methane can be realised in a Green Biorefinery concept.

Graphic Abstract
Associations Between Complex Trauma Exposure in Childhood/Adolescence and Psychopathology in Older Age: The Role of Stress Coping and Coping Self-Perception
Authors: Pfluger Viviane , Rohner Shauna L. , Eising Carla M. , Maercker Andreas , Thoma Myriam V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplex trauma exposure in childhood and/or adolescence is common and has repeatedly been linked to mental ill-health across the lifespan. While the correlates of complex trauma and mental health are well-studied in individuals up to middle adulthood, correlates in older adulthood, as well as potential mediators of this relationship, such as stress coping, are insufficiently studied. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) examine the mental health of Swiss older adults affected by complex trauma exposure in childhood and/or adolescence, in comparison to non-affected individuals; and (b) to examine the potential mediating role of coping strategies and coping self-perception. Data fromN = 257 participants (complex trauma [CT] group:n = 161;Mage = 69.66 years, 48.4% female; non-complex trauma [nCT] group:n = 96;Mage = 72.49 years, 42.7% female) were assessed using self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview. The CT group presented with significantly more current and lifetime mental health disorders, more disadvantageous coping strategies, and significantly lower coping self-perception, compared to the nCT group. Mediation analyses revealed that maladaptive coping and coping self-perception were relevant mediators of the relationship between complex trauma exposure and psychopathology. Results suggest that complex trauma exposure in childhood and/or adolescence can have a lasting impact on mental health in later life and can be negatively associated with stress coping. Findings emphasize the relevance of a lifespan perspective in research and clinical practice for addressing consequences of complex trauma exposure.
A Hypothesis Framework for Students’ Difficulties with Proof By Contradiction
Authors: Quarfoot David , Rabin Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn mathematics education, the research on proof by contradiction (PBC) often claims that this activity is more difficult for students than direct proof, or simply difficult in general. Many hypotheses have been offered to support or explain this belief, yet they span a disorientingly wide swath of journal articles, conference papers, dissertations, book chapters, etc. In addition, few attempts have been made to organize these hypotheses or carefully test them. In this paper, we conduct a thorough literature review on PBC, organize existing hypotheses about challenges with PBC into a Hypothesis Framework for (Students’ Difficulty with) Proof By Contradiction (HFPBC), discuss the state of research related to each hypothesis, and offer thoughts on the future study of these hypotheses.
The development of environmental science agency for primary school students through an environmental entrepreneurship intervention programme
Authors: Komodiki Antigoni , Charalambides Alexandros , Ioannou Andri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of environmental science agency (ESA) is considered very important for the sustainability and conservation of the environment and the safeguarding of the cultural heritage. It is enhanced through experiential programmes and participatory actions that shape future environmental behaviour. ESA consists of three components: knowledge, role development and agency about the environment and the current issues affecting it. The present research was designed to explore how an environmental entrepreneurship intervention programme with primary school students can promote the development of their ESA. The study involved 34 primary students, aged 11–12, who participated in an environmental entrepreneurship educational programme. It follows a mixed methods design using quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, namely pre- and post-students’ questionnaires and teachers’ interviews. The results indicate the development of knowledge and roles components, while the third component, agency, seems to diminish. The results of this study seem to be suggesting that late childhood is a good period to invest in the development of ESA, by offering environmental entrepreneurial programmes to students that might leverage their future intentions and willingness in taking action towards the sustainability of the environment and the cultural heritage. Future studies should continue to investigate the relationship between environmental entrepreneurship education and the development of ESA.
Philibert de L’Orme’s Dome in the Chapel of the Château d’Anet: The Role of Stereotomy
Authors: Galletti Sara 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe coffered dome designed by Philibert de L’Orme (1514–70) for the chapel of the Château d’Anet in northern France between 1549 and 1552 is a masterpiece of stereotomy — the stone vaulting technique characterised by the custom cutting (or dressing) of a vault’s components or voussoirs. The dome was executed by first individually dressing its large voussoirs, so that they would fit one another precisely, and then dry assembling them like the pieces of a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle. The spiralling ribs that form the coffers added a layer of complexity to the work, for they are embedded in the voussoirs; thus the exact shape and position of the rib sections belonging to each voussoir had to be calculated precisely before dressing to ensure that, after assembling, they would form the correct pattern over the vault’s surface. The dome’s execution method continues to baffle historians, in particular with regard to the transfer of the complex pattern formed by the ribs on to the templates used by the stonecutters to shape the voussoirs. Based on a new 3D laser scan of the dome and on the analysis of late medieval and early modern stereotomic practices and theories, this article offers a new interpretation of the methods that de L’Orme adopted at Anet and of their significance within the panorama of sixteenth-century architectural practice and theory.
Gandy’s Arkaiology: The Deluge and Romantic Climatologies of Architecture
Authors: Hönes Hans C. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTNumerous renowned antiquaries and architects in Georgian Britain were enthralled by a strange craze: they declared the ark of Noah to be the origin and divine model for architecture worldwide. This article analyses the fashion for ‘arkaiology’ (as the poet Robert Southey mockingly called it) by focusing on one of its most spectacular exponents, the architect Joseph Michael Gandy (1771–1843). Taking Gandy’s theories as the starting point to reconstruct a broader debate on climatological thinking about art and architecture, the article shows that the fascination with the deluge is best understood as a reaction against the climatic theory of the origins of architecture associated with Johann Joachim Winckelmann and the implicit cultural relativism that it entailed. The case of Gandy also sheds fresh light on the search for origins in late (Romantic) classicism. Instead of submitting to a climatically determined vernacular tradition, Gandy’s arkaiology allowed him to theorise the distant past as a space for speculative artistic reconstruction of the principles of architecture.
Latency to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor vs benzodiazepine treatment in patients with panic disorder: a naturalistic study
Authors: Piccoli Eleonora , Bergamaschini Irma , Molteni Laura , Vanzetto Simone , Varinelli Alberto , Viganò Caterina , Catania Gabriele , Baldwin David S. , Domschke Katharina , Dell’Osso Bernardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPanic disorder (PD) is a prevalent and impairing anxiety disorder with previous reports suggesting that the longer the condition remains untreated, the greater the likelihood of nonresponse. However, patients with PD may wait for years before receiving a guideline-recommended pharmacological treatment. The widespread prescription of benzodiazepines (BDZ) for managing anxiety symptoms and disorders might delay the administration of pharmacotherapy according to guidelines (eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs). The present study aimed to determine the mean duration of untreated illness (DUI) in a sample of PD patients, to quantify and compare DUI-SSRI to DUI-BDZ, and to compare findings with those from previous investigations.MethodsThree hundred and fourteen patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition diagnosis of PD were recruited from an Italian outpatient psychotherapy unit, and epidemiological and clinical variables were retrieved from medical records. Descriptive statistical analyses were undertaken for sociodemographic and clinical variables, Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test was applied to compare the distribution of DUI-SSRI vs DUI-BDZ, and Welch’s t test was performed to compare findings with those from previous studies.ResultsThe mean DUI-SSRI of the total sample was 64.25 ± 112.74 months, while the mean DUI-BDZ was significantly shorter (35.09 ± 78.62 months; P < 0.0001). A significantly longer DUI-SSRI, compared to findings from previous studies, was also observed.ConclusionsThe present results confirm a substantial delay in implementing adequate pharmacological treatments in patients with PD, and highlight the discrepancy between recommendations from international treatment guidelines and common clinical practice in relation to BDZ prescription.
The Prospect of Spatially Accurate Reconstructed Atom Probe Data Using Experimental Emitter Shapes
Authors: Op de Beeck Jonathan , Scheerder Jeroen E , Geiser Brian P , Bunton Joseph H , Ulfig Robert M , Larson David J , van der Heide Paul , Vandervorst Wilfried , Fleischmann Claudia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reliable spatially resolved compositional analysis through atom probe tomography requires an accurate placement of the detected ions within the three-dimensional reconstruction. Unfortunately, for heterogeneous systems, traditional reconstruction protocols are prone to position some ions incorrectly. This stems from the use of simplified projection laws which treat the emitter apex as a spherical cap, although the actual shape may be far more complex. For instance, sampled materials with compositional heterogeneities are known to develop local variations in curvature across the emitter due to their material phase specific evaporation fields. This work provides three pivotal precursors to improve the spatial accuracy of the reconstructed volume in such cases. First, we show scanning probe microscopy enables the determination of the local curvature of heterogeneous emitters, thus providing the essential information for a more advanced reconstruction considering the actual shape. Second, we demonstrate the cyclability between scanning probe characterization and atom probe analysis. This is a key ingredient of more advanced reconstruction protocols whereby the characterization of the emitter topography is executed at multiple stages of the atom probe analysis. Third, we show advances in the development of an electrostatically driven reconstruction protocol which are expected to enable reconstruction based on experimental tip shapes.
The effect of supplementing grass/clover silage with barley grain or fodder beet on dairy cow performance and nitrogen efficiency
Authors: Hameleers A , Haytink K , Roberts D J 
Published: November 2021

Environmental pressures on the agricultural industry to reduce the use of nitrogenous mineral fertiliser combined with a trend to more extensive systems of production has led to renewed interest in white clover for dairy systems. An EEC funded research project was initiated to investigate whole systems implications with regard to nitrogen efficiency. As part of the project the potential of barley grain or fodder beet as home-grown concentrates to supplement grass/clover silage was investigated.Thirty early lactation muciparous Holstein Friesian cows were used in a 16 week continuous design experiment lasting from 13 December 1993 to 3 April 1994. The animals were allocated to three treatments on the basis of milk yield, liveweight and days calved. The treatments consisted of ad-libgrass/clover silage supplemented with 5 kg DMd-1 barley grain (B), 2.5 kg DM d-1 of barley grain and 2.5 kg DMd-1 of fodder beet (B/FB) or 5 kg DMd-l fodder beet (FB) daily. All animals received additionally a protein supplement consisting of 3 kg DMd-1 of soya bean meal. The silage was made from the primary growth of grass/white clover sward containing 12% white clover in the DM. The grass/clover herbage, barley and fodder beet were all produced without the use of nitrogenous mineral fertiliser.