bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct evidence for the role of microbial community composition in the formation of soil organic matter composition and persistence
Authors: Domeignoz-Horta Luiz A , Shinfuku Melissa , Junier Pilar , Poirier Simon , Verrecchia Eric , Sebag David , DeAngelis Kristen M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The largest terrestrial carbon sink on earth is soil carbon stocks. As the climate changes, the rate at which the Earth’s climate warms depends in part on the persistence of soil organic carbon. Microbial turnover forms the backbone of soil organic matter (SOM) formation and it has been recently proposed that SOM molecular complexity is a key driver of stability. Despite this, the links between microbial diversity, chemical complexity and biogeochemical nature of SOM remain missing. Here we tested the hypotheses that distinct microbial communities shape the composition of SOM, and microbial-derived SOM has distinct decomposition potential depending on its community of origin. We inoculated microbial communities of varying diversities into a model soil matrix amended with simple carbon (cellobiose) and measured the thermal stability of the resultant SOM. Using a Rock-Eval® ramped thermal analysis, we found that microbial community composition drives the chemical fingerprint of soil carbon. While diversity was not a driver of SOM composition, bacteria-only communities lead to more thermally labile soil C pools than communities with bacteria and fungi. Our results provide direct evidence for a link between microbial community structure, SOM composition, and thermal stability. This evidence demonstrates the relevance of soil microorganisms in building persistent SOM stocks.
Root-associated fungal community reflects host spatial co-occurrence patterns in a subtropical forest
Authors: Kuang Jialiang , Han Shun , Chen Yongjian , Bates Colin T , Wang Pandeng , Shu Wensheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plant roots harbor and interact with diverse fungal species. By changing these belowground fungal communities, focal plants can affect the performance of surrounding individuals and the outcome of coexistence. Although highly host related, the roles of these root-associated fungal communities per se in host plant spatial co-occurrence is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the host dependency of root-associated communities for 39-plant species spatially mapped throughout a 50-ha subtropical forest plot with relevant environmental properties. In addition, we explored whether the differentiation in root fungal associations among plant species can reflect their observed co-occurrence patterns. We demonstrated a strong host-dependency by discriminating the differentiation of root-associated fungal communities regardless of background soil heterogeneity. Furthermore, Random Forest modeling indicated that these nonrandom root fungal associations significantly increased our ability to explain spatial co-occurrence patterns, and to a greater degree than the relative abundance, phylogenetic relatedness, and functional traits of the host plants. Our results further suggested that plants harbor more abundant shared, “generalist” pathogens are likely segregated, while hosting more abundant unique, “specialist” ectomycorrhizal fungi might be an important strategy for promoting spatial aggregation, particularly between early established trees and the heterospecific adults. Together, we provide a conceptual and testable approach to integrate this host-dependent root fungal “fingerprinting” into the plant diversity patterns. We highlight that this approach is complementary to the classic cultivation-based scheme and can deepen our understanding of the community-level effect from overall fungi and its contribution to the pairwise plant dynamics in local species-rich communities.
Thermal stability of C–F/C(–F)2 bonds in fluorinated graphene detected by in situ heating infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yulong , Cheng Jingliang , Wang Xu , Liu Yang , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: November 2021

Fluorinated graphene (FG) with different types and distributions of C–F/C(–F)2 bonds was synthesized, and the correlation between the C–F/C(–F)2 bonds and thermal stability was monitored via in situ heating infrared spectroscopy.
Study on the influencing factors to reduce the recovery time of superconducting tapes and coils for the DC superconducting fault current limiter applications
Authors: Xiang Bin , Wang Wenqing , Li Hongxu , Gao Lei , Liu Zhiyuan , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua , Tu Youping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSuperconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) are important in improving the stability of electrical power systems. However, the existing resistive‐type DC SFCL has a long recovery time, which cannot meet the requirements of power system auto‐reclosure. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the methods of reducing recovery time of SFCLs. In the simulations on superconducting tapes, there is a lack of investigation about the effects of design factors of superconducting tapes and coils such as material, thickness, coil radius, coil winding method on recovery characteristics. The objective of this study is to obtain the effects of material and geometric properties of superconducting tapes and coils on recovery characteristics and obtain methods to reduce the recovery time. The recovery times under different conducting currents are also compared by simulations and experiments to verify simulation accuracy. The maximum error is below 40% and most of the cases have an error below 10%. Besides, by increasing tape thickness, the recovery time can be reduced by 22%. Tape materials and coil winding methods can be designed according to the auto‐reclosure and current‐limiting requirements of the power systems. The research provided directions for the design of superconducting tape and superconducting coil for resistive‐type DC SFCLs.
A novel method for driving path planning with spark
Authors: LI Leixiao , LIN Hao , Wan Jianxiong , Wang Yongsheng , GAO Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEfficient and accurate driving path planning can help drivers drive. To solve the problem of low efficiency of traditional heuristic algorithms such as PSO and GA in solving driving path planning, Excellence Coefficient is introduced into PSO and GA combine by serial hybrid structure and make a parallel design based on Spark, which is called EC‐SPPSOGA. Excellence Coefficient, calculated by length of the side, can increase the probability of good edges being left, simultaneously, preserves the possibility of longer side being selected. The parallel design of EC‐SPPSOGA is based on time‐consuming analysis of heuristic algorithms. The performance of EC‐SPPSOGA is validated based on the real latitude and longitude of Hohhot and the data in TSPLIB. It is verified that the EC‐SPPSOGA can improve efficiency of driving path planning and has good scalability.
The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: Evidence for SFR-induced cores in dark-matter dominated galaxies atz≃ 1
Authors: Bouché Nicolas F. , Bera Samuel , Krajnović Davor , Emsellem Eric , Mercier Wilfried , Schaye Joop , Epinat Benoît , Richard Johan , Zoutendijk Sebastiaan L. , Abril-Melgarejo Valentina , Brinchmann Jarle , Bacon Roland , Contini Thierry , Boogaard Leindert , Wisotzki Lutz , Maseda Michael , Steinmetz Matthias 
Published: November 2021

Context.Disc-halo decompositionsz = 1 − 2 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) atz > 1 are often limited to massive galaxies (M⋆ > 1010M⊙) and rely on either deep integral field spectroscopy data or stacking analyses.Aims.We present a study of the dark-matter (DM) content of ninez ≈ 1 SFGs selected among the brightest [O II] emitters in the deepest Multi-Unit Spectrograph Explorer (MUSE) field to date, namely the 140 h MUSE Extremely Deep Field. These SFGs have low stellar masses, ranging from 108.5to 1010.5 M⊙.Methods.We analyzed the kinematics with a 3D modeling approach, which allowed us to measure individual rotation curves to ≈3 times the half-light radiusRe. We performed disk-halo decompositions on their [O II] emission line with a 3D parametric model. The disk-halo decomposition includes a stellar, DM, gas, and occasionally a bulge component. The DM component primarily uses the generalizedα, β, γprofile or a Navarro-Frenk-White profile.Results.The disk stellar massesM⋆obtained from the [O II] disk-halo decomposition agree with the values inferred from the spectral energy distributions. While the rotation curves show diverse shapes, ranging from rising to declining at large radii, the DM fractions within the half-light radiusfDM(<Re) are found to be 60% to 95%, extending to lower masses (densities) recent results who found low DM fractions in SFGs withM⋆ > 1010M⊙. The DM halos show constant surface densities of ∼100M⊙pc−2. For isolated galaxies, half of the sample shows a strong preference for cored over cuspy DM profiles. The presence of DM cores appears to be related to galaxies with low stellar-to-halo mass ratio, logM⋆/Mvir ≈ −2.5. In addition, the cuspiness of the DM profiles is found to be a strong function of the recent star-formation activity.Conclusions.We measured the properties of DM halos on scales from 1 to 15 kpc, put constraints on thez > 0cvir − Mvirscaling relation, and unveiled the cored nature of DM halos in somez ≃ 1 SFGs. These results support feedback-induced core formation in the cold dark matter context.
The first coronal mass ejection observed in both visible-light and UV H I Ly-αchannels of the Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter
Authors: Andretta V. , Bemporad A. , De Leo Y. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Mierla M. , Naletto G. , Romoli M. , Sasso C. , Slemer A. , Spadaro D. , Susino R. , Talpeanu D.-C. , Telloni D. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M. , Antonucci E. , Auchère F. , Berghmans D. , Berlicki A. , Capobianco G. , Capuano G. E. , Casini C. , Casti M. , Chioetto P. , Da Deppo V. , Fabi M. , Fineschi S. , Frassati F. , Frassetto F. , Giordano S. , Grimani C. , Heinzel P. , Liberatore A. , Magli E. , Massone G. , Messerotti M. , Moses D. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Pelizzo M.-G. , Romano P. , Schühle U. , Stangalini M. , Straus Th. , Volpicelli C. A. , Zangrilli L. , Zuppella P. , Abbo L. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Bruno R. , Ciaravella A. , D’Amicis R. , Lamy P. , Lanzafame A. , Malvezzi A. M. , Nicolosi P. , Nisticò G. , Peter H. , Plainaki C. , Poletto L. , Reale F. , Solanki S. K. , Strachan L. , Tondello G. , Tsinganos K. , Velli M. , Ventura R. , Vial J.-C. , Woch J. , Zimbardo G. 
Published: November 2021

Context.The Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter offers a new view of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), observing them for the first time with simultaneous images acquired with a broad-band filter in the visible-light interval and with a narrow-band filter around the H ILy-αline at 121.567 nm, the so-called Metis UV channel.Aims.We show the first Metis observations of a CME, obtained on 16 and 17 January 2021. The event was also observed by the EUI/FSI imager on board Solar Orbiter, as well as by other space-based coronagraphs, such as STEREO-A/COR2 and SOHO/LASCO/C2, whose images are combined here with Metis data.Methods.Different images are analysed here to reconstruct the 3D orientation of the expanding CME flux rope using the graduated cylindrical shell model. This also allows us to identify the possible location of the source region. Measurements of the CME kinematics allow us to quantify the expected Doppler dimming in the Ly-αchannel.Results.Observations show that most CME features seen in the visible-light images are also seen in the Ly-αimages, although some features in the latter channel appear more structured than their visible-light counterparts. We estimated the expansion velocity of this event to be below 140 km s−1. Hence, these observations can be understood by assuming that Doppler dimming effects do not strongly reduce the Ly-αemission from the CME. These velocities are comparable with or smaller than the radial velocities inferred from the same data in a similar coronal structure on the east side of the Sun.Conclusions.The first observations by Metis of a CME demonstrate the capability of the instrument to provide valuable and novel information on the structure and dynamics of these coronal events. Considering also its diagnostics capabilities regarding the conditions of the ambient corona, Metis promises to significantly advance our knowledge of such phenomena.
TIPS for the management of stomal variceal bleeding due to cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Kaczmarek Dominik J. , Kupczyk Patrick , Schultheiß Michael , Chang Johannes , Jansen Christian , Trebicka Jonel , Weismüller Tobias , Vilz Tim Oliver , Luu Andreas Minh , Attenberger Ulrike , Strassburg Christian P. , Meyer Carsten , Praktiknjo Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Portal hypertension (PH) is associated with the development of esophageal or gastric varices, which can cause bleedings with high mortality. Varices can also manifest at sites of stomata. These parastomal varices can cause recurrent variceal bleedings (VB) despite local therapies. We present a case series of parastomal VB due to PH that were managed with implantation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
Methods We retrospectively included all patients (pt) from 2 tertiary medical centers with parastomal VB between January 2014 and February 2020 who underwent the TIPS procedure.
Results Nine pt were included. Seven pt had liver cirrhosis, mostly alcohol-related. Two pt had non-cirrhotic PH due to porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSD). Four pt had a colostomy, 1 an ileostomy, and 4 an ileal conduit. Malignancy was the leading cause of stoma surgery. All 9 pt suffered from recurrent parastomal VB despite non-selective beta-blocker and/or local therapy (e.g., compression, coagulation, suture ligation, or surgical stoma revision). All pt received TIPS implantation. In 7 pt, TIPS implantation led to sustainable hemostasis. Two pt suffered a bleeding relapse that was attributable to TIPS dysfunction. TIPS revision with coil embolization of the varices terminated the VB sustainably in both pt.
Conclusions In pt presenting with recurrent stomal bleedings, parastomal varices as a rare complication of PH must be taken into consideration as an underlying cause. In our case series, we managed to sustainably cease parastomal VB by TIPS implantation with or without coil embolization of the ectopic varices.
Zum Ertrag der Unterbringung in einer Entziehungsanstalt und zu methodischen Einwänden gegen die Essener Evaluationsstudie
Authors: Schalast Norbert , Frey Melanie , Nau Bastian , Boateng Shari , Leygraf Norbert 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Bewährungserfolg einer Gruppe ehemaliger Patienten des § 64-Maßregelvollzugs und einer gematchten Vergleichsgruppe von Strafgefangenen wurde nach Entlassung in die Freiheit anhand von BZR-Auskünften verglichen.Methodik 16 Kliniken übermittelten zu mehreren Zeitpunkten pseudonymisierte Daten. Zu jedem Patienten des MRV wurde anhand eines Merkmalschemas ein Vergleichsfall im Strafvollzug identifiziert.Ergebnisse Beim Vergleich der Bewährungsverläufe über mehr als 4 Jahre zeigen sich hochsignifikante Vorteile der Interventionsgruppe (MRV) gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe (JVA), und zwar bei Einschluss auch aller Patienten mit ungünstigem Behandlungsverlauf.Diskussion Die Ergebnisse rechtfertigen nachdrücklich die Beibehaltung einer „Entziehungsmaßregel“.
The Role of Kinetics as Key Determinant in Toxicity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Their N-Oxides
Authors: Widjaja Frances , Alhejji Yasser , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a large group of plant constituents of which especially the 1,2- unsaturated PAs raise a concern because of their liver toxicity and potential genotoxic carcinogenicity. This toxicity of PAs depends on their kinetics. Differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics of PAs may substantially alter the relative toxicity of PAs. As a result, kinetics will also affect relative potency (REP) values. The present review summarizes the current state-of-the art on PA kinetics and resulting consequences for toxicity and illustrates how physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modelling can be applied to take kinetics into account when defining the relative differences in toxicity between PAs in the in vivo situation. We conclude that toxicokinetics play an important role in the overall toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. and that kinetics should therefore be considered when defining REP values for
combined risk assessment. New approach methodologies (NAMs) can be of use to quantify these kinetic differences between PAs and their N-oxides, thus contributing to the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) in animal studies.
Rosmarinic Acid Suppresses Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
Authors: Bian Huimiao , Wang Yang , Wu Peng , Han Na , Wang Linlin , Li Xue , Zhang XianJing , Cho Kenka , Zhang Yongyu , Yin Jun , Jiang Baohong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder caused by dissection and rupture. No effective medicine is currently available for the > 90% of patients whose aneurysms are below the surgical threshold. The present study investigated the impact of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, or salvianolic acid B on experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Abdominal aortic aneurysms were induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via infusion of angiotensin II for 4 wks. Rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, salvianolic acid B, or doxycycline as a positive control was provided daily through intraperitoneal injection. Administration of rosmarinic acid was found to decrease the thickness of the aortic wall, as determined by histopathological assay. Rosmarinic acid also exhibited protection against elastin fragmentation in aortic media and down-regulated cell apoptosis and proliferation in the aortic adventitia. Infiltration of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in aortic aneurysms was found, especially at the aortic adventitia. Rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, or salvianolic acid B inhibited the infiltration on macrophages specifically, but these compounds did not influence T lymphocytes and neutrophils. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor significantly increased in aortic aneurysms. Rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid C decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in media, and rosmarinic acid also tended to reduce migration inhibitory factor expression. Further then, partial least squares-discriminate analysis was used to classify metabolic changes among different treatments. Rosmarinic acid affected most of the metabolites in the biosynthesis of the citrate cycle, fatty acid pathway significantly. Our present study on mice demonstrated that rosmarinic acid inhibited multiple pathological processes, which were the key features important in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Further study on rosmarinic acid, the novel candidate for aneurysmal therapy, should be undertaken to determine its potential for clinical use.
The [4.3.0] Piperidine Alkaloids: Architectures, Biology, Biosyntheses, and the Complete Details of the Asymmetric Syntheses of Streptazone A and Abikoviromycin
Authors: Poulsen Thomas B. , Wørmer Gustav J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPiperidine alkaloids continue to challenge the synthetic community by featuring densely functionalized scaffolds that often require careful chemical orchestration. Streptazone A and abikoviromycin are small and highly functionalized piperidine alkaloids, both accommodating Michael acceptors and a labile epoxide. These moieties are loaded into a [4.3.0] bicyclic core also present in other structurally related natural products, including the well-known piperidine alkaloid streptazolin. Here, we cover ring-closing strategies employed in earlier streptazolin syntheses; provide a concise overview of structures, biological properties, and biosyntheses of selected [4.3.0] piperidine alkaloids; and, finally, provide complete coverage of our recent asymmetric syntheses of streptazone A and abikoviromycin.1	Introduction2	Streptazolin Syntheses3	Epo-[4.3.0] Piperidine Alkaloids3.1	Streptazones3.2	Abikoviromycin3.3	Strepchazolin A and B3.4	Hatomamicin3.5	Kobutimycin A and B3.6	Camporidines A and B3.7	Epostatin3.8	N-Hydroxydihydroabikoviromycin3.9	Dihydroabikoviromycin3.10	Biosynthesis of Streptazone E and Camporidines4	Syntheses of the Streptazones and Abikoviromycin4.1	Retrosynthesis4.2	Results and Discussion5	Conclusion
Bromoarylation of Methyl 2-Chloroacrylate under Meerwein Conditions for the Synthesis of Substituted 3-Hydroxythiophenes
Authors: Ostapiuk Yurii V. , Schmidt Andreas , Shehedyn Maksym , Barabash Oksana V. , Demydchuk Bohdan , Batsyts Sviatoslav , Herzberger Colin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMethyl 3-aryl-2-bromo-2-chloropropanoates can be prepared by Meerwein reaction from methyl 2-chloroacrylate and various arenediazonium salts under copper(II) bromide catalysis. The resulting readily available compounds were used as starting materials in reactions with substituted methanethiols for the construction of substituted 3-hydroxythiophenes which have not yet been accessible by other routes. Structural variety of the obtained 2-substituted 5-aryl-3-hydroxythiophenes has been achieved due to a wide range of available starting materials, including both anilines and thiols.
Students' Perceptions of Clinical Education during a Global Pandemic
Authors: Pologruto Pamela , Jewell Jennifer , Cruz Laura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Clinical education is an essential component of allied health programs. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic had significant impacts on clinical education. The central purpose of this research was to recognize student perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their face-to-face clinical experiences during the global pandemic.
Methods A Qualtrics survey was sent to 80 physical therapist assistant students whose clinical education was affected during the 2019 to 2020 academic year. Subjects were asked about the following: factors that influenced their decision to complete clinical rotations during the pandemic; perceptions of learning, safety, and stress under these conditions as well as perceptions of the effectiveness of clinical preparatory activities.
Results Twenty-six responses to the survey were received and analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonpaired t-tests calculated for each scaled survey item to compare groups. A majority (83.3%) of the respondents reported graduation followed by professional experience (58.3%) as extremely important factors of consideration for participation in clinical education. Personal safety (33.3%) ranked the lowest of the extremely important factors. In preparing for the clinical experience, 75% reported that individual or small group meetings with the faculty member were extremely helpful. The majority of students (78.26%) strongly agreed that they learned a great deal from the clinical experiences under global pandemic; however, 52.17% reported they found the clinical experiences to be stressful.
Conclusion During the global pandemic, students placed greater value on interpersonal, trusted relationships when seeking information. Even though students felt stressed during their clinical education, they perceived that learning did occur. As the impacts of COVID-19 remain, physical therapy programs can use this data to recognize areas that require increased support and preparation for students' clinical experiences to encourage an impactful and sustainable future in clinical education.