bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stefano De Franchi e il dialetto genovese rusticale
Authors: Ziano Carlo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the particular linguistic variety spoken by some servants in Stefano De Franchi’s comedies (1714‒1785). After briefly hinting at some fundamental aspects of his production (§1), we examine the text of his comedies (§2) and analyze the servants’ language. This variety presents numerous traits which do not belong to Genoese (§3), some others which will spread in the urban variety only between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (§4) and many others which had been expelled from it between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries (§5). Finally (§6), the linguistic analysis of Gerusalemme Liberata’s Genoese translation (1755) will allow us to order chronologically the linguistic relics of §5.
Control of cacao (Theobroma cacao) diseases in Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador
Authors: Anzules-Toala Vicente , Pazmiño-Bonilla Elvis , Alvarado-Huamán Leonel , Borjas-Ventura Ricardo , Castro-Cepero Viviana , Julca-Otiniano Alberto 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Ecuador occupies the fourth place in cocoa exports with 293,487 tons per year, produced on 559,617 hectares. However, its yield per hectare is low mainly due to the presence of pathogens that affect the pods. Objective. To evaluates different methods of control of pathogens of the Theobroma cacao cv ‘CCN-51’ pod. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in Luz de America, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador, between 2016 and 2017. The treatments were the result of the combination of cultural practices + two fungicides (Chlorothalonil and Pyraclostrobin) + one biofungicide Serenade® (Bacillus subtilis QST713), with and without fertilizers. In total, 16 treatments were evaluated with 3 replicates or blocks, installed in a commercial cocoa plantation cv ‘CCN-51’ and under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results. The use of fungicides (chemical and biological), decreased the incidence of moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri), black pod rot (Phytophthora spp.), and cherelle wilt; but the application of fertilizers did not increase the effectiveness of these products. Treatment with only cultural practices did not decrease the final incidence of moniliasis, nor of brown rot, in contrast, the final incidence of cherelle wilt increased. The number of pods and the yield were not directly related and the highest yield of fermented and dry cocoa, corresponded to T9 [Cultural labors + Serenade® (0.2 kg ha-1) (every 15 days) + Fertilizer (0.3 kg ha-1) + Fertilizer (1 kg plant-1)], a treatment that also had the highest net income per hectare. Conclusion. Chemical and biological control can manage cocoa pods pathogens. The integration of both control methods allowed the cocoa producer to obtain greater income.
Is Modern Monetary Theory’s prescription to spend without reference to tax receipts an invitation to tyranny?
Authors: Hanley Brian P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A set of policy prescriptions based on Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) have been developed that are independent of the monetary model, which are often presented together, in a context that does not require taxation: guaranteed income, job guarantee and full employment. These are enabled by the ability of a government to deficit spend as needed, as long as government controls its sovereign currency.
Here I raise the concern that implementing MMT accounting could cause increases in political power inequality relative to citizens not seen since the medieval era or before. The assumption that spending and tax policy in an MMT system would occur as proponents expect is contradicted by the history of political choices regarding spending and taxation over the past half-century. The record of behaviour by politicians in the nations where foreign aid money “fell from the sky,” thus divorcing national income from the tax base, also contradicts this idea.
With removal of the formal requirement for taxation, politicians operating in an MMT system will have little inherent reason in the short term to treat citizens well except moral suasion. This should provide a foundation for tyranny unparalleled in modern history. Incorporating progressive taxation into MMT’s corpus, for the express purpose of economic and political stability, is suggested in order to achieve the overall aims of the MMT policy advocates. However, this may not be sufficient. In addition, considering increasing the role of governors/leaders of states within the monetary unions may be useful, because those governments do need to follow the old rules of taxation to support spending, and this may provide a counterweight.
Reinvestment of earnings in Polish FDI inflows
Authors: Kosztowniak Aneta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to diagnose the cause-and-effect relationships between reinvestment of earnings (RoE) and other components of FDI inflows and GDP in Poland in the years of 2004–2019, using the VECM model**. Changes in the structure of FDI inflows in Poland are in line with the stages of the FDI life cycle. The increase in the share of RoE in the structure of these investments is also accompanied by an increase in the impact and the degree of explanation of changes in GDP. Studies confirmed that changes in the structure of FDI in Poland was adequate to the theoretical cycle of FDI life. The increase in the share of RoE in the structure of FDI inflows is accompanied by a decrease in equities. The VECM model, impulse response function and decomposition analysis confirmed that among FDI components mainly equities, and next, RoE have large participation in the degree of explanation of GDP. In the short-term, mainly equity has the most important impact on GDP, and additionally, RoE. In the long-time, the importance of equity decreases, while increases the impact of RoE, and also, debt instruments. The increase in the share of RoE in the structure of FDI inflows accompanied by the increase in the impact of these investments on GDP changes.
The comprehensive effect of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter-wave therapy for neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis
Authors: Gallyamov A. G. , Goldobina L. P. , Minyaeva O. V. , Valeev R. G. , Gallyamova N. A. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Comprehensive therapeutic techniques are becoming increasingly common in treatment of various diseases.
Aim: to study the comprehensive effect of decimeter-wave therapy, sinusoidal modulated current therapy for lumbar osteochondrosis with neurological manifestations.
Methods. The comprehensive effect of physiotherapeutic treatment in 69 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis and concomitant neurological manifestations was studied. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the leading neurological symptoms with reflex and radicular syndrome. Both groups received similar comprehensive physiotherapeutic treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter waves.
Results. A comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic efficiency of treatment, taking into account clinical and paraclinical data, enabled to substantiate the positive results of treatment in 79.5% of patients with reflex syndromes and 69% with radicular syndromes.
Conclusion. The comprehensive application of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter wave therapy can be considered as a method of pathogenetic physiotherapy of patients with lumbar osteochondrosis with various neurological manifestations.
The use of laser therapy in children with allergic rhinitis complicated by exudative otitis media
Authors: Khrykova A. G. 
Published: September 2021

Background. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, which is an intermittent or permanent inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by exposure to allergens, reaches 35%, according to different authors. Currently, this pathology is often complicated by exudative otitis media, especially in young children.
Aim: to develop and justify the feasibility of using laser phoresis of sodium deoxyribonucleate for the treatment of exudative otitis media in children with allergic rhinitis.
Methods. A clinical examination, a clinical blood test, rhinoscopy and otoscopy, as well as rhinocytogram, tympanometry (impedance audiometer Heinemann Titan) were performed. In diagnostics of allergic rhinitis, methods of a multifaceted otorhinolaryngological and allergological examination of the patient were used, as well as immunological tests (determination of the level of IgE and allergen-specific antibodies in the blood serum), and skin allergological tests. The examination was conducted before and after the course of treatment, as well as after 6 and 12 months.
Results. With drug laser phoresis of sodium deoxyribonucleate administered endonasally and endourally, a stable result was obtained in restoring the drainage functions of the pharyngotympanic tube and reducing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis in preschool children and primary school children. Hearing is objectively improved in patients, and the conductive component is stopped, there is no fluid in the middle ear, sleep improves, the sense of smell is restored, physical performance increases, and childrens fatigue decreases in doing sports. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of treatment in two groups showed the best results in the group of children receiving laser therapy using sodium desoxyribonucleate from medicinal non-woven textiles for up to 1 year. Repeated treatment with exacerbation of exudative otitis media was necessary to 40% of children in the control group, 12% of children after a course of laser therapy, and only one patient after a course of laser phoresis of sodium deoxyribonucleate.
Conclusion. The use of laser radiation reduces the manifestations of the inflammatory process, and the allergic component.
Expressed emotions and perceived stress among patients and caregivers of patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Sharma Renu , Ghai Sandhya , Singh Shubhmohan 
Published: September 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Expressed emotions (EE) are the critical, hostile and emotionally over- involved attitude of relatives towards a family member who is suffering from a disorder. It is a measure of the expressed attitude of the relatives towards their psychological patient in their absence. As, in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) alternating/recurring periods of depression and elevated mood occurs which leads to varied levels of stress and expressed emotions in the patient as well as their caregivers.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An exploratory study was conducted in psychiatry ward and psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of PGIMER, Chandigarh on BPAD patients and their caregivers (N=50 each) using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected in the month of March for 10 days. Interviews were conducted using the modified perceived stress scale by Sheldon Cohen and Hooley’s expressed emotions scale for assessing expressed emotions levels, respectively. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Data analysis done with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 22 version 16.0 through descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that 64% of caregivers face criticism from their patients whereas 62% of patients receive criticism from their caregivers. The study also showed that 68% of caregivers were given emotional support by their patients. 66% of caregivers and patients, both displayed moderate level of perceived stress.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It can be concluded that both EE and perceived stress are significant stressors for the BPAD patients and their caregivers.</p>
O ATERRAMENTO COMO TERCEIRA VIA
Authors: Soares Fernanda Codevilla 
Published: September 2021

Ou negamos o problema ou vamos ATERRAR! Segundo Latour (2020), mais do que ser esquerda-direita, liberal-conservador, global-local, a questão que nos polariza atualmente é o negacionismo-aterramento. No livro “Onde Aterrar? Como se orientar politicamente no Antropoceno”, o autor explica a questão e mostra como ela nos conduziu a essa encruzilhada.
De forma didática, a obra aborda acontecimentos políticos extremamente recentes. Com uma linguagem acessível, sem citações no corpo do texto e evitando a densidade teórica característica ao autor, propõe-se uma radical reorientação política rumo ao terrestre.
Nesta resenha, não realizarei uma síntese do livro. Proponho-me, antes, a discutir os principais conceitos que estruturam a obra e as suas ideias mais sensíveis acerca de como atualizar possibilidades coletivas (e híbridas) de existir no antropoceno .
Mathematical modeling for ethanol, methanol and acetaldehyde generation through Mexican carignane grape (Vitis vinifera) vinification process
Authors: López-Saiz Carmen María , Parra-Vergara Norma Violeta , Parra-Durazo María Esther , Sánchez-Lucero Manuel , Burgos-Hernández Armando , Cota-Arriola Octavio , Rouzaud-Sandez Ofelia 
Published: September 2021

Wine is a worldwide known beverage, and even though its consumption has been associated with the reduction of heart diseases and the extent of lifespan, it also has compounds that might cause adverse effects on human health such as methanol and acetaldehyde. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of time, temperature, and pectic enzymes over wine methanol and acetaldehyde concentrations during vinification. Three temperatures (20, 30, and 35 °C) and three pectic enzyme concentrations (0, 9, and 18 mL/Kg) were tested, letting fermentation to stop due to sugar depletion. Both, metanol and acetaldehyde were quantified throughout the fermentation process. Temperature reduced metanol production, observing the lowest metanol concentration (53.543 ± 3.267 mg/100 mL of wine) at 35 °C in the absence of pectic enzyme. Acetaldehyde was not affected by these variables. Alcohol, metanol, and acetaldehyde concentrations were adjusted to mathematical models with high correlations.
Technology Focus: Formation Evaluation (August 2021)
Authors: Perry Stephanie 
Published: September 2021

Leading into the third quarter of this year, I am honored to be able to highlight and share three impactful SPE papers that demonstrate integration at its best. In reviewing the papers, five main technical themes emerged. These include
* Machine learning and artificial intelligence as applied to formation evaluation
* Production analysis methodologies and their effect on understanding rock characterization and behavior
* Subsurface characterization primarily focused on rock typing and permeability
* Tool advancements (openhole, cased-hole, or laboratory-based tools)
* Subsurface-to-production integration across subdisciplines (e.g., geology, geochemistry, petrophysics, and engineering)
The latter is the common thread between the three papers recommended and discussed here. In this new decade, the prevalence of integration is at the forefront of the scientific community. Every discipline, scientist, or company has a way in which they define the term “integration.” Regardless of how you define the effort that links disciplines quantitatively, the importance of constraining subsurface characterization to link it to production results and drive toward a predictive model is a critical accomplishment for our industry.
As such, I’d like to highlight three papers in this feature (OTC 30644, SPE 201417, and SPE 202683) and the knowledge and workflow applications they define and demonstrate. Sharing these integrated work flows with the community aids in teaching and leads to best-practice components of integrative studies. These efforts also share and demonstrate how to bridge the gap between in-situ characterization and wellhead performance prediction and results—in other words, the static-to-dynamic link between rock and fluid properties as quantified and how they will inevitably produce hydrocarbon through the rock and fluid interactions.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 201334 Combined Experimental and Well-Log Evaluation of Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Shales: An Application to Wellbore Stability in the Bakken Formation by Saeed Rafieepour, The University of Tulsa, et al.
SPE 201486 A New Safe and Cost-Effective Approach to Large-Scale Formation Testing by Fluid Injection on a Wireline Formation Tester by Christopher Michael Jones, Halliburton, et al.
SPE 201735 Integrated Reservoir Characterization With Spectroscopy, Dielectric, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance T1-T2 Maps in a Freshwater Environment: Case Studies From Alaska by ZhanGuo Shi, Schlumberger, et al.
Study Evaluates Fracturing Interference for Multiwell Pads in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: September 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201694, “Interwell Fracturing Interference Evaluation of Multiwell Pads in Shale Gas Reservoirs: A Case Study in WY Basin,” by Youwei He, SPE, Jianchun Guo, SPE, and Yong Tang, Southwest Petroleum University, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Denver, Colorado, 5–7 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The paper aims to determine the mechanisms of fracturing interference for multiwell pads in shale gas reservoirs and evaluate the effect of interwell fracturing interference on production. Field data of 56 shale gas wells in the WY Basin are applied to calculate the ratio of affected wells to newly fractured wells and understand its influence on gas production. The main controlling factors of fracturing interference are determined, and the interwell fracturing interacting types are presented. Production recovery potential for affected wells is analyzed, and suggestions for mitigating fracturing interference are proposed.

Interwell Fracturing Interference Evaluation
The WY shale play is in the southwest region of the Sichuan Basin, where shale gas reserves in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formation are estimated to be the highest in China. The reservoir has produced hydrocarbons since 2016.
Infill well drilling and massive hydraulic fracturing operations have been applied in the basin. Each well pad usually is composed of six to eight multifractured horizontal wells (MFHWs). Well spacing within one pad, or the distance between adjacent well pads, is so small that fracture interference can occur easily between infill wells and parent wells. Fig. 1 shows the number of wells affected by in-fill well fracturing from 2016 to 2019 in the basin. As the number of newly drilled wells increased between 2017 and 2019, the number of wells affected by hydraulic fracturing has greatly increased. The number of wells experiencing fracturing interaction has reached 65 in the last 4 years at the time of writing.
Laboratory Diagnostics Performance in Uganda: A Survey of Test Availability and Constraints Across 100 Laboratories
Authors: Namuhani Noel , Kiwanuka Suzanne N , Akulume Martha , Kalyesubula Simeon , Bazeyo William , Kisakye Angela N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Clinical laboratory services are a critical component of the health system for effective disease diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention. However, many laboratories in Sub Saharan Africa remain dysfunctional. The high costs of tests in the private sector also remain a hindrance to accessing testing services. This study aimed at assessing the functionality of laboratories based on test menus and the associated constraints in Uganda.
Methods

This cross sectional quantitative study involved an assessment of 100 laboratories randomly selected in 20 districts from four regions of the country. Sixteen percent of the studied laboratories were regional hub laboratories. Laboratory in charges and managers in each of the selected laboratories were interviewed. A checklist for laboratory supplies adapted from the Essential Medicines and Health supplies list for Uganda, (2012) was used to assess availability of testing supplies. Data was analyzed using excel and STATA 14.
Results

At the point of assessment, generally, all laboratories were able to perform malaria tests and HIV tests. All the hub laboratories conducted malaria tests and TB screening. Less than half had electrolytes tests due to lack of equipment, nonfunctioning equipment and lack of reagents. Full blood count tests were missing in 25% of the hub laboratories mainly due to lack of equipment. The lack of reagents (66.7%) and the lack of equipment (58.3%) caused the majority 10/16 of the hubs to routinely referred specimens for tests that are supposed to be carried out in these laboratories due to lack of reagents (66.7%) and non-functional equipment (58.3%). Although officially recognized as an operational structure, Hub laboratories lacked a list of essential and vital supplies.
Conclusions

Most laboratories performed well for the common tests. However, many laboratories did not meet testing requirements especially for the advanced tests according to standard testing menus for Uganda due to non-functioning equipment, lack of equipment and reagents. Hubs lack list of essential supplies. Therefore, there is need to provide equipment to laboratories, repair the non-functional ones and develop an essential list of supplies for the hub laboratories.
RNA-Seq And WGCNA Analysis Identifies Salt-Responsive Genes In Pear (Pyrus Ussuriensis Maxim)
Authors: Chen Qiming , Dong Huizhen , Xie Zhihua , Qi Kaijie , Huang Xiaosan , Zhang Shaoling 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Pear is one of the most abundant fruit crops and has been cultivated world-wide. However, the salt injury events caused by increased salinity limited the distribution and sustainable production of pear crops. Therefore, it is needed to take further efforts to understand the genetics and mechanisms of salt tolerance to improved salt resistance and productivity.Results: In this work, we analyzed the dynamic transcriptome of pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) under salt stress by using RNA-Seq and WGCNA. ﻿A total of 3540, 3831, 8374, 6267 and 5381 genes were identified that were differentially expressed after exposure to 200mM NaCl for 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and 1163 genes were shared among the five comparisons. ﻿KEGG enrichment analysis of these DEGs (differentially expressed genes) revealed that “MAPK signaling” and “Plant hormone signal transduction” pathways were highly enriched. Meanwhile, 622 DEGs identified from WGCNA were highly correlated with these pathways, and some of them were able to indicate the salt tolerance of pear varieties. In addition, we provide a network to demonstrate the time-sequence of these co-expressed MAPK and hormone related genes.Conclusion: A comprehensive analysis about salt-responsive pear transcriptome were performed by using RNA-Seq and WGCNA. We demonstrated that “MAPK signaling” and “Plant hormone signal transduction” pathways were highly recruited during salt stress, and provided new insights into the ﻿metabolism of plant hormones related signaling at transcriptome level underlying salt resistance in pear. The dynamic transcriptome data obtained from this study and these salt-sensitive DEGs may provide potential genes as suitable targets for further biotechnological manipulation to improve pear salt tolerance.