bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Analysis on Coral Larval Networks across Reef Areas on the Northwest Coast of Okinawa Main Island, Japan
Authors: Takeyasu Kimika , Uchiyama Yusuke , Zhang Xu , Matsushita Kosei , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coral bleaching has recently occurred extensively over the world’s oceans, primarily due to high water temperatures. Mesophotic corals that inhabit at depths of approximately 30–150 m are expected to survive during bleaching events and to reseed shallow water corals afterward. In particular, in Okinawa, Japan, mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) have been reported to serve as a refuge to preserve genotypic diversities of bleaching-sensitive corals. Connectivity of larval populations between different habitats is a key element that determines the area to be conserved for desirable coral ecosystems. Coral larvae generally behave passively to the surrounding currents and are transported by the advective and dispersive effects of ambient ocean currents. Thus, numerical ocean circulation models enable us to quantify connectivity with detailed spatiotemporal network structures. Our aim in this study is to quantify the short-distance and vertical connectivity of coral larvae in reef areas on the northwest coast of Okinawa Main Island. For the reason that both short-distance and vertical larval transport are influenced by complex nearshore topography, a very high-resolution 3-D circulation model is required. Therefore, we developed a quadruple nested high-resolution synoptic ocean model at a lateral spatial resolution of 50 m, coupled with an offline 3-D Lagrangian particle-tracking model. After validation of the developed model, short-distance horizontal coral connectivity across reef areas on the northwest coast was successfully evaluated. Furthermore, a series of Lagrangian particle release experiments were conducted to identify the vertical coral migration and 3-D connectivity required for the preservation of MCEs. The model revealed that coral larvae released from the semi-enclosed areas tended to remain near the source area, whereas they were diffused and dispersed gradually with time. The mesophotic corals were dispersed vertically to the deeper zone below the mixed layer, while upward transport occurred to induce the mesophotic corals to emerge near the surface, under the influence of the surface mixed layer. The model results solidly indicated significant connectivity between MCEs and shallow coral ecosystems.
Effect of Curing Temperature on the Properties of Latex Based Membrane for Oily Wastewater Filtration
Authors: Yong Tzyy-Jeng , Munusamy Yamuna , Ong Yit-Thai , Yeoh Wei-Ming , Kchaou Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Oily wastewater pollution has always been part of the most serious worldwide environmental disaster. Thus, the treatment of oily wastewater is notably crucial. In this work, nitrile butadiene rubber/graphene oxide (NBR/GO) membranes were fabricated by latex compounding and curing method which is comparatively brand-new technique to produce membranes for wastewater treatment. Therefore, the steps in the production need to be studied to enhance the performance of the membrane. Curing temperature is an important factor in the production of the latex-based membrane. In this paper, the effect of curing temperature in the range of 90 °C – 110 °C on the morphology, tensile properties, permeation flux, and oil rejection rate performance of the membrane was studied. The curing temperature was found to affect the surface morphology and integrity of the membranes which sequentially affects the performance of the membrane in terms of strength, permeation flux, and oil rejection rate. NBR/GO membranes cured at the temperature of 100 °C exhibit the highest flux of 491.84 L/m2.hr with an oil rejection rate of 95.44 %, with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation break (EB%), and E-Modulus (E-mod) of 34.490 MPa, 1627.11 %, and 1.309 MPa, respectively.
Biomass Wastes as Precursor For The Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticle
Authors: Lian Brenda Lim Ai , Lim Steven , Yean Pang Ling , Shuit Siew Hoong , Kam Huei Wong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of technology and the growth in human population had resulted in a surge in energy demand and biomass waste production. Metal-air battery (MAB) is a potential energy storage technology with high theoretical energy density and safety. However, the conventional air cathode material synthesized from carbon nanotube (CNT) is rather costly. In this study, several biomass wastes such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), garlic peel (GP) and oil palm frond (OPF) were investigated to identify a suitable greener and efficient precursor to syntheelesize carbon nanoparticle as air electrode material for MAB. The carbon materials were synthesized through carbonization of precursor at different temperatures of 450 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C before activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) through wet impregnation method. The materials synthesized were evaluated based on its chemical and physical properties through characterization using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion x-ray (SEM-EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis. Based on the experiments conducted, it was found that the suitable precursor was the OPF as it displayed a better tunability for enhanced electrical conductivity as it was able to achieve smaller sized particles with higher specific surface area of 548.26 m2/g and hierarchical porous structure at 700 °C compared to OPEFB and GP. This study proved that OPF could be a promising alternative to CNT as an electrode material which is more sustainable and cost efficient for energy storage application such as MAB.
Enhanced oil recovery from palm oil mill effluent using ultrasonication technique
Authors: Tang Y M , Wong W Y , Tan K T , Wong L P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Palm oil is the planet’s most exploited vegetable oil. However, its extensive commercialization has resulted in massive waste, particularly palm oil mill effluent (POME), contributing to severe environmental pollution. POME has a high concentration of oil and grease (O&G) with the mean value of 4,340 mg/L, exceeding the standard discharge limit of 50 mg/L. Hence, the recovery of oil content in POME is crucial as it could be a key material in biodiesel production. The oil droplets in POME exist in two phases: floating in the supernatant and suspended in the solids. During the solvent extraction process, the oil adsorbed by the solid particles is not entirely recovered. Thus, ultrasonication-based process intensification is introduced. Ultrasonication can break apart the solid particles and release the oil content using the principle of sound waves, thereby it will eventually increase the yield of oil recovery from POME. Although some studies were done on oil extraction from POME, the use of ultrasonication technique to enhance the extraction of oil from POME has never been done. The current research work is to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasonication technique to enhance the oil recovery from POME and compare it to a non-ultrasonicated POME. Overall, this research discovered that using ultrasonication as a pre-treatment would improve oil recovery yield from POME by 39.17% as compared to non-ultrasonicated sample under the optimum ultrasonication conditions of 30% amplitude and 30 seconds duration.
Analysis the Performance of Hydrophilic and Corrosion Resistant Coatings on the Distillation Desalination Tube in High Temperature Seawater
Authors: Lv Jiang , Chen Zhi-li 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Distillation desalination can use solar energy and other renewable energy, it is one of the most potential technologies for desalination. However, distillation desalination system pervades problems such as low desalination efficiency and poor corrosion resistance. Based on our preliminary study (i.e., apply hydrophilic modification on the surface of distillation desalination tube can effectively improve desalination efficiency), this paper introduces a composite functional coating with the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings sealed with hydrophilic organic coating-TiO2 hybrid sols (OT-MAO) by sol-gel process. Through contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and potentiodynamic polarization test to analyze and compare the performance of hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance of the MAO coatings and the OT-MAO composite coatings in high temperature seawater environment. The corrosion mechanism of the OT-MAO composite coatings was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the OT-MAO composite coatings in high temperature seawater has much better hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance than the MAO coatings. This paper provides theoretical and technical reference for developing a new type of surface modified distillation desalination tube.
Friction Analysis Of Waste Palm Methyl Ester (WPME) Under Stribeck Lubrication Regimes
Authors: Hamdan Hartini , Nasaruddin Noorannisa Irdina , Redzuan Nor Qayrawani , Fong William Chong Woei , Hadi Norulakmal Nor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the tribological friction using the Stribeck curve lubrication regime using an alternative source of biodiesel. Replacement of current usage of fossil fuels is essential, therefore, it is important to develop a proper recycling, renewable and sustainable product that reduces global warming. Biodiesel also known as Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), is biodegradable, produced from a renewable source, non-toxic, and produces a minimum greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce raw material cost, waste cooking oil is one of the most suitable replacements of vegetable oil for biodiesel synthesis. Rheological behavior of Waste Palm Methyl Ester (WPME), such as kinematic viscosity, density, and acid value, was measured based on EN14214 and compared with Palm Methyl Ester (PME). The friction performance of WPME was evaluated using a pin on the disc tribometer machine. The influence of different operating conditions such as loads at 1kg, 2kg, 3kg and 4kg and sliding velocity range from 0.00625 m/s to 4 m/s were optimized in this study. The preliminary result shows significant changes on the Stribeck curve concerning the sliding speed and also loads. It is found that as for the same entrainment velocity and surface roughness, a higher load will initiate a higher temperature, thus lead to decreasing the viscosity and coefficient of friction. In summary, WPME is highly considered as a potential waste that can replace the current energy source.
A Case Study of an Office Building to Identify Energy Consumption and Carbon Management Solutions Using Physical Data and Simulation Software
Authors: Subramaniam Ramesh , Ponniah Vignes , Sanmargaraja Shalini , Lou Eric , Adli Muhammad Afiq Bin Nor , Gunasegaran Muthu Kumaran 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To measure the level of energy performance of a building, there are several categories of energy consumption to be calculated such as oil, natural gas and electricity. In order to significantly minimise the Greenhouse gas emission in an office, it is important to tap into the positive progress of energy efficiency of equipment which contributes to total energy performance of a building. Consequently, to enable accurate building energy consumption of a building, energy modelling method is applied to identify total consumption and cost of energy usage with effects of carbon emission. Hence, this will help to reduce the costing of energy inside building with differences of efficiency options. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse an office building in terms of the level of energy consumption and carbon emission as a case study. The first objective is to identify the amount of energy consumption and carbon emission inside the building using the simulation software. Secondly, to identify the differences between the data recorded through simulation software and physical data. Finally, to identify solutions to decrease the carbon emission by applying measures towards reducing energy consumption inside the building.
Titanium Dioxide Loaded Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Film as Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Low Foo Wah , Heah Cheng Yong , Liew Yun Ming , Islam Mohammad Aminul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The growth of population among countries also put a lot of pressure on coil consumption and resulted effect of greenhouse. These phenomena will dramatically increase the global warming and pollutes the nature of earth. For the worse, it would forming some erratic patterns like flood, draughts, wildfire, and so on. Therefore, renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce the fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and involuntary minimizes the erratic weather patterns. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) is one of the promising prospects for efficient renewable resources. Most of the researchers were tried to use platinum as counter electrode to perform the photovoltaic studies. However, the platinum material will made higher for the entire fabrication cost. Recently, we demonstrated a counter electrode in DSSCs system using the low-cost titanium dioxide (TiO2) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite film. The TiO2-rGO nanocomposite (TiO2-rGO NC) as counter electrode is addressed to minimize electron losses and hence rapid the rate of dye regeneration at ground state. Practically, TiO2-rGO NC synthesized via one-step hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, functional groups, element composition, and morphology of TiO2-rGO NC were comprehensively studied. One-step hydrothermal method revealed that Ti particles (∼60 nm) have capable bonded with rGO thin film, as agreement with XRD and FTIR results. In DSSCs photovoltaic performance, the optimized power conversion energy (PCE) of TiO2-rGO NC as counter electrode achieved a 2.90%, which achieved a desire performance as comparable with rGO and TiO2. In this work, the low-cost TiO2-rGO NC as counter electrode with suppressed recombination in DSSCs is studied.
Fabrication of Polyethersulfone (PES) Membrane Incorporated with Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) Nanoparticles in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wai Cheong Kin , Hon Leong Kah , Yong Ling Wong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Backed by the evolution in the nanotechnology field, membrane modified with nanoparticles as an additive has become increasingly prominent nowadays. The enormous potential of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst in wastewater treatment has been disclosed extensively. In this study, 4 Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes with different concentration of g-C3N4nanoparticles as additive were fabricated and their performances were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the membrane top surface layer was getting denser with the higher g-C3N4nanoparticles concentration which subsequently decreased the membrane mean pore size, porosity and flux. However the membrane with higher additive concentration was demonstrated a better improvement in anti-fouling properties where the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the membranes showed an uptrend movement from 23.43% (membrane without additive) to 64.64% (membrane with 6 wt.% of additive). The enhancement of COD and colour removal rate from 61.50 % to 66.50 % and 78.75 % to 83.75 % was also observed in this study where the finding has signified the increased g-C3N4 nanoparticles concentration was constructive in PES membrane modification.
Changing the Paradigm of a Linear Economy into a Circular Economy in Residential Waste Management
Authors: Purwanto Edi , Prasetio Teguh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find an effective and efficient way of managing urban household waste. The research method uses a case study. The data was taken from digital recording (Youtube) related to the residential waste management collaboration between Waste4Change and Gunas Land at Vida Bekasi. The research findings show that Waste4Change has implemented the circular economy principle in waste management in Vida Bekasi housing. The circular economy model carried out by Waste4Change in residential waste management should be used as a model for waste management in various other urban housing areas in Jakarta and other big cities.
Critical Insight into Defects in Malaysia Hospital Buildings Maintenance Management
Authors: Jesumoroti Christtestimony Oluwafemi , Cheen Khor Soo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Healthcare buildings require efficient maintenance management to afford patients, visitors, and other users of hospital buildings such as healthcare professionals a serene and safe environment that accelerates wellbeing and provides maximum comfort. To achieve this goal, hospital buildings must adopt effective maintenance management approaches and services. Apart from ensuring the safety of the environment, users of the buildings must be satisfied with the quality of available services, particularly, those offered to patients. Against this backdrop, this study assesses the effects of defects on hospital buildings and analyzes the practicality of maintenance best practices such as sufficient allocations of funds and appropriate management of resources (including time and labor) towards the improvement of the prevalent status quo. This is important because the maintenance practices employed in hospitals intrinsically impact the performance of the hospital buildings as a result of defects. Survey questionnaires were administered to users of hospital buildings in Malaysia. The most significant defects reported concerned Algae on concrete floors, weather and climate conditions, and sanitary appliance & fittings damages. These defects depreciate the appearance, functionality and utility of hospital buildings thereby lessening their performance and efficiency. Therefore, this study asserts the pertinence of reevaluating the maintenance management approaches employed towards the rectification of the highlighted defects in hospital buildings across Malaysia. The study posits the adoption of systemic proactive maintenance procedures to preempt decay, causalities and reduce cost implications.
Adsorption of Iron with Biosorbents derived from Longan Peel, Pomelo Peel and Jackfruit Peel
Authors: Chai Yi Jun , Ng Yee Sern , Shak Katrina Pui Yee , Ng Law Yong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High iron (Fe2+) concentration in groundwater is a severe issue in many regions of the world. This study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of biosorbents derived from longan peel (LP), pomelo peel (PP) and jackfruit peel (JP) for the adsorption of Fe2+ from aqueous solution in various forms. A batch adsorption study was carried out with an initial Fe2+ concentration of 10 mg/L for 2 h. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency was achieved for PP and its biochar at 97.38% and 99.45%, respectively. High removal efficiency implied that PP contained favourable characteristics for the adsorption of Fe2+. Under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the surface structure of PP displayed visible dimensions with a relatively large pore size compared with LP and JP. Characterisation study using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals that the carboxylate groups and ester carbonyl band participated in the adsorption process. At higher initial pH of 5.83, adsorption of Fe2+ using PP gives higher removal efficiency due to lower competition on electrostatic interaction between positive ions in the solution and the surface of biosorbents. Furthermore, adsorption uptake of 83.0 mg/g was attainable with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. This study has proven the feasibility of PP as a low cost biosorbents for removing Fe2+ in an aqueous solution.
Optimization of compounding formulation for the development of high-preformance coating material using waste tire powder for gasket application
Authors: Siong Chai Kah , Muniyadi Mathialagan , Munusamy Yamuna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nitrile butadiene rubber latex (NBRL) based gasket materials were extensively used in the past due to their excellent oil resistance, good abrasion resistance, and shock absorption as well as good high-temperature stability. Recently, carbon black has been introduced to further improve the oil absorption properties and thermal performance of the gasket materials which increased the total costing and makes the processing difficult due to the agglomeration of carbon black in NBRL. Thus, in this research, waste tire powder (WTP) was introduced to develop high-performance coating materials as an alternative to carbon black in NBRL gasket material. Optimization of new compounding formulation has been carried out by manipulating the WTP loading and hybrid WTP-carbon black filler loading. The filler loading was selected based on the desired surface texture and coating thickness. The experience was also carried out by varying the WTP, Sulphur, and plasticizer loading. The desired surface texture and thickness of coating materials were developed at WTP loading of 80phr and 90phr. Whereas, the optimum Sulphur loading was achieved at 1phr - 2phr, and plasticizer loading of 10phr and 15phr. From the experiments carried out, the optimum loading of WTP was 90phr which gives a fully contained gasket composite. Furthermore, DOP optimum loading is 15phr which gives a smooth surface appearance. Lastly, Sulphur with 1phr gives a more even surface texture as compared to 2phr loading.
Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Compressive and Split Tensile Strengths of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Ismail Fouad Ismail , Farhan Syed Ahmad , Husna Nadzhratul , Shafiq Nasir , Wahab MohaMohamed Mubarak Abdulmed , Razak Siti Nooriza Abd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Geopolymer is now a more advanced alternative to cement and available substitute for OPC while graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) are new nanomaterials with extraordinary properties that can enhance and improve the strength of cementitious materials. Although graphene reinforced concrete has intriguing potential, its implementation in construction requires better knowledge of the impact of GnP on the properties of concrete related to durability. Studies on the compressive and tensile strength performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) containing GnP are needed. The present study investigated the influence of reinforcing GPC with varying percentages of GnP on the compressive and split tensile strengths of GPC. The addition of GnP ranged from 0.0%, 0.25% and 0.5% by weight of total binder. It has been observed that the addition of GnP increased the compressive strength by 30% and the tensile strength by 22% in comparison to a reference sample with a specified composition of fly ash and sodium metasilicate. In addition, the effect of GnP on enhancing the compressive strength of the geopolymer was shown to diminish as the amount of sodium metasilicate increased.