bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swedish schoolchildren’s voices of health-promoting factors: a focus group study
Authors: Einberg Eva-Lena , Golsäter Marie , Clausson Eva K 
Published: October 2021

SummaryChildren have the right to express their views on all issues related to their health and development. The aim was to explore health-promoting factors voiced by 8- to 12-year-old children, to determine how the children prioritize those factors and inform school personnel how to develop health-promoting approach based on those findings. Focus groups, with the use of photographs, were conducted with 15 children. A deductive content analysis was used, with overall results showing that health-promoting factors are meaningful relationships and recreational activities. The results add new perspectives to the earlier model of health-promoting factors. By highlighting children’s experience of what promotes health, measures at the individual, group and community level can be adapted to children’s priorities, based on their own needs.
A pathogenic DYT-THAP1 dystonia mutation causes hypomyelination and loss of YY1 binding
Authors: Yellajoshyula Dhananjay , Rogers Abigail E , Kim Audrey J , Kim Sumin , Pappas Samuel S , Dauer William T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dystonia is a disabling disease that manifests as prolonged involuntary twisting movements. DYT-THAP1 is an inherited form of isolated dystonia caused by mutations in THAP1 encoding the transcription factor THAP1. The phe81leu (F81L) missense mutation is representative of a category of poorly understood mutations that do not occur on residues critical for DNA binding. Here, we demonstrate that the F81L mutation (THAP1F81L) impairs THAP1 transcriptional activity and disrupts CNS myelination. Strikingly, THAP1F81L exhibits normal DNA binding but causes a significantly reduced DNA binding of YY1, its transcriptional partner that also has an established role in oligodendrocyte lineage progression. Our results suggest a model of molecular pathogenesis whereby THAP1F81L normally binds DNA but is unable to efficiently organize an active transcription complex.
The uncertain future of the Norway lobster fisheries in the North Sea calls for new management strategies
Authors: Letschert Jonas , Stollberg Nicole , Rambo Henrike , Kempf Alexander , Berkenhagen Jörg , Stelzenmüller Vanessa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nephrops (Nephrops norvegicus) is an economically valuable target species in the North Sea. Although individual Nephrops populations are scattered, the crustacean is managed regionally by the European Union (EU). The spatial competition for fisheries in the North Sea is growing especially due to expanding offshore wind farms (OWF) and newly implemented marine protected areas (MPA). Moreover, the Brexit affects the availability of EU fishing quotas and adds to the overall uncertainty EU fishers face. We compare landings and catches to scientifically advised quantities and perform an overlap analysis of fishing grounds with current and future OWFs and MPAs. Furthermore, we explore the German Nephrops fleet using high-resolution spatial fishing effort and catch data. Our results confirm earlier studies showing that Nephrops stocks have been fished above scientific advice. Present OWFs and MPAs marginally overlap with Nephrops fishing grounds, whereas German fishing grounds are covered up to 45% in future scenarios. Co-use strategies with OWFs could mitigate the loss of fishing opportunities. Decreased cod quotas due to Brexit and worse stock conditions, lowers Germany's capability to swap Nephrops quotas with the UK. We support the call for a new management strategy of individual Nephrops populations and the promotion of selective fishing gears.
Effects of a marine heatwave on adult body length of three numerically dominant krill species in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Killeen Helen , Dorman Jeffrey , Sydeman William , Dibble Connor , Morgan Steven 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Krill are an abundant and globally distributed forage taxon in marine ecosystems, including the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). The role of krill in trophodynamics depends on both abundance and size (biomass), but the impact of extreme climate events on krill body size is poorly understood. Using samples collected from 2011 to 2018, we tested the hypotheses that adult body length of three krill species (Euphausia pacifica, Thysanoessa spinifera, and Nematoscelis difficilis) declined during the 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave/El Niño event due to elevated seawater temperatures, reduced upwelling, and low primary productivity. Hierarchical mixed-effects modelling showed that mean length of adult E. pacifica and T. spinifera declined and N. difficilis length increased during 2015. These trends differed by sex and reverted to a pre-heatwave state in 2016. Temperature, upwelling, and food availability (chlorophyll-a content) did not explain decreased length in 2015, but environmental drivers of length varied regionally and by sex across all years. This study documents the impact of a major marine heatwave (MHW) on adult krill length in one of the world's major upwelling systems and indicates how pelagic ecosystems may respond to increasingly frequent MHWs.
Proposed business rules to incorporate climate-induced changes in fisheries management
Authors: Link J S , Karp M A , Lynch P , Morrison W E , Peterson J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Changing oceanic conditions are having impacts on living marine resources (LMRs) and their management, often in ways beyond what we have ever seen before. This is largely manifested as changes in production or location of these LMRs. The challenge has been not only to disentangle the possible causes of these changes to LMR stocks, but then even if clear changes are detected, it has been unclear what we can actually do about them. Here, we propose a set of recommended actions or “business rules” to better address climate-induced changes to LMR production and location. These emphasize a series of diagnostics which can be used to demarcate significance of whether action is necessary, and then if action is deemed necessary, we propose a set of insertion points or “on-ramps” to address the nuances of locational or production changes at every step in the science to management process. These proposed “business rules” for dealing with climate-induced changes to fisheries can always be debated, can always be updated with new information, and can always be adjusted under a given set of circumstances. But, we also assert that it would be wise to start acting on them, as a proposed set of options, given the urgency and exigency of the situation.
Retos de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en la categorización de conductas como crímenes internacionalesChallenges of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ jurisprudence in the categorization of conducts as international crimes
Authors: Acosta-López Juana , Idárraga Ana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has been carrying out a harmonious application of various regimes of International Law, in particular International Human Rights Law and International Criminal Law. One of the results of this harmonious application is the use of the figure of international crimes in its jurisprudence. This text explores the requirements of provenance that have been developed by the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court for the application of the figure of international crimes in the contentious cases of the Court, as well as the challenges that derive from this application. Some of these challenges are: (i) different legal qualifications of the same facts due to the differences between the evidentiary standards of human rights and international criminal law; (ii) possible effects on the judicial independence of national judges; and (iii) possible effects on the criminal guarantees of those allegedly responsible for the crimes.
DA-Raf and the MEK inhibitor trametinib reverse skeletal myocyte differentiation inhibition or muscle atrophy caused by myostatin and GDF11 through the non-Smad Ras–ERK pathway
Authors: Masuzawa Ryuichi , Takahashi Kazuya , Takano Kazunori , Nishino Ichizo , Sakai Toshiyuki , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Myostatin (Mstn) and GDF11 are critical factors that are involved in muscle atrophy in the young and sarcopenia in the elderly, respectively. These TGF-β superfamily proteins activate not only Smad signalling but also non-Smad signalling including the Ras-mediated ERK pathway (Raf–MEK–ERK phosphorylation cascade). Although Mstn and GDF11 have been shown to induce muscle atrophy or sarcopenia by Smad2/3-mediated Akt inhibition, participation of the non-Smad Ras–ERK pathway in atrophy and sarcopenia has not been well determined. We show here that both Mstn and GDF11 prevented skeletal myocyte differentiation but that the MEK inhibitor U0126 or trametinib restored differentiation in Mstn- or GDF11-treated myocytes. These MEK inhibitors induced the expression of DA-Raf1 (DA-Raf), which is a dominant-negative antagonist of the Ras–ERK pathway. Exogenous expression of DA-Raf in Mstn- or GDF11-treated myocytes restored differentiation. Furthermore, administration of trametinib to aged mice resulted in an increase in myofiber size or recovery from muscle atrophy. The trametinib administration downregulated ERK activity in these muscles. These results imply that the Mstn/GDF11-induced Ras–ERK pathway plays critical roles in the inhibition of myocyte differentiation and muscle regeneration, which leads to muscle atrophy. Trametinib and similar approved drugs might be applicable to the treatment of muscle atrophy in sarcopenia or cachexia.
US Supreme Court upholds assignor estoppel while narrowing the doctrine
Authors: Macedo Charles R , Goldberg David P , Sturm Chandler , Garrity Devin , Hart Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Minerva Surgical, Inc. v Hologic, Inc., No. 20–440, 594 US ___, United States Supreme Court, 29 June 2021 (Minerva)
Hologic, Inc. v Minerva Surgical, Inc., 957 F3d 1256 (Federal Circuit 2020) (‘Hologic’), rehearing and rehearing en banc denied, petition for certiorari filed
On 29 June 2021, the US Supreme Court issued a decision in Minerva Surgical, Inc. v Hologic, Inc. upholding the doctrine of assignor estoppel, which prevents inventors from challenging the validity of patents they have assigned to third parties. The court limited the scope of assignor estoppel to cases where the inventor made ‘explicit or implicit representations’ regarding the patentability of the claimed invention.
Are cyclic plant and animal behaviours driven by gravimetric mechanical forces?
Authors: de Mello Gallep Cristiano , Robert Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe celestial mechanics of the Sun, Moon, and Earth dominate the variations in gravitational force that all matter, live or inert, experiences on Earth. Expressed as gravimetric tides, these variations are pervasive and have forever been part of the physical ecology with which organisms evolved. Here, we first offer a brief review of previously proposed explanations that gravimetric tides constitute a tangible and potent force shaping the rhythmic activities of organisms. Through meta-analysis, we then interrogate data from three study cases and show the close association between the omnipresent gravimetric tides and cyclic activity. As exemplified by free-running cyclic locomotor activity in isopods, reproductive effort in coral, and modulation of growth in seedlings, biological rhythms coincide with temporal patterns of the local gravimetric tide. These data reveal that, in the presumed absence of rhythmic cues such as light and temperature, local gravimetric tide is sufficient to entrain cyclic behaviour. The present evidence thus questions the phenomenological significance of so-called free-run experiments.
Large optical modulations during 2018 outburst of MAXI J1820 + 070 reveal evolution of warped accretion disc through X-ray state change
Authors: Thomas Jessymol K , Charles Philip A , Buckley David A H , Kotze Marissa M , Lasota Jean-Pierre , Potter Stephen B , Steiner James F , Paice John A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The black hole X-ray transient MAXI J1820 + 070  (= ASSASN-18ey) discovered in 2018 March was one of the optically brightest ever seen, which has resulted in very detailed optical outburst light curves being obtained. We combine them here with X-ray and radio light curves to show the major geometric changes the source undergoes. We present a detailed temporal analysis that reveals the presence of remarkably high amplitude (&gt;0.5 mag) modulations, which evolve from the superhump (16.87 h) period towards the presumed orbital (16.45 h) period. These modulations appear ∼87 d after the outburst began, and follow the Swift/BAT hard X-ray light curve, which peaks 4 d before the radio flare and jet ejection, when the source undergoes a rapid hard to soft state transition. The optical modulation then moves closer to the orbital period, with a light-curve peak that drifts slowly in orbital phase from ∼0.8 to ∼0.3 during the soft state. We propose that the unprecedentedly large amplitude modulation requires a warp in the disc in order to provide a large enough radiating area, and for the warp to be irradiation driven. Its sudden turn-on implies a change in the inner disc geometry that raises the hard X-ray-emitting component to a height where it can illuminate the warped outer disc regions.
Differences in patients’ population and efficacy/effectiveness of biologic disease–modifying antirheumatic drugs between randomized controlled trials and real-world settings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – using the IORRA cohort
Authors: Sugano Eri , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Sakai Ryoko , Abe Mai , Saka Kumiko , Sugitani Naohiro , Ochiai Moeko , Yamaguchi Rei , Higuchi Yoko , Sugimoto Naoki , Ikari Katsunori , Nakajima Ayako , Yamanaka Hisashi , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the differences in patients’ population and efficacy/effectiveness of biological disease–modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) between randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical practice in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods
We reviewed inclusion criteria in Phase II or III RCTs of bDMARDs conducted in Japan. The Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis study participants during the period when each RCT was conducted (Cohort A) and new bDMARD users at our institute in 2016 (Cohort B) were assessed for the fulfilment of the inclusion criteria. The effectiveness of bDMARDs in our cohort and their efficacy in RCTs were compared using the inverse-variance method.

Results
Nineteen RCTs were selected. The mean proportions of patients fulfilling all inclusion criteria of each RCT in Cohorts A and B were 2.3% and 7.6%, respectively. The pooled proportion ratios (95% confidence interval) for achieving the American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20), ACR50, ACR70, and disease activity score 28 remission in non-eligible cases for eight RCTs versus all corresponding RCTs were 0.38 (0.30–0.51), 0.41 (0.30–0.57), 0.54 (0.35–0.82), and 1.28 (1.10–1.56), respectively.

Conclusions
Few rheumatoid arthritis patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the RCTs in clinical settings. There was a difference in the efficacy/effectiveness of bDMARDs between RCTs and clinical practice.
Decrease of infectious complications in outpatients with autoimmune diseases from 2019 to 2020 under the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-centre, retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Oka Yumiko , Kodera Takao , Takeshita Miki , Shirota Yuko , Takeda Tomoki , Tsutsumi Tomomi , Kameoka Junichi 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To examine how the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has changed infectious complications in outpatients with autoimmune diseases.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, record-linked cohort study and questionnaire about lifestyle changes in patients who visited our department in 2019 and 2020.

Results
We surveyed 1316 outpatients in 2019 and 1284 in 2020. The most common underlying diseases were rheumatoid arthritis (842 vs. 814) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (126 vs. 127). No significant difference in median age (66 vs. 67 years), respiratory comorbidities (30.4% vs. 32.0%), or corticosteroid use (42.2% vs. 44.3%) was found between the years. Immunomodulating agents were used more in 2020 (33.1% vs. 39.7%, p &lt; .001). Total number of infections (28.0/100 vs. 19.4/100 person-years), pneumonia (3.6 vs. 1.6), influenza (2.1 vs. 0.1), and nonviral dermatological infections (3.8 vs. 2.1) were significantly lower in 2020. No significant difference was found for herpes zoster (2.2 vs. 1.8), urinary tract infections (3.3 vs. 3.8), or gastrointestinal infections (2.9 vs. 3.0). According to the questionnaire, 75% of the respondents became more conscious about wearing masks and 81% began to use hand sanitizer during the pandemic.

Conclusion
Under the COVID-19 pandemic, some infectious complications have decreased in outpatients with autoimmune diseases.
Foot and ankle functions and deformities focus on posterior tibial tendon dysfunction using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mochizuki Takeshi , Nasu Yuki , Yano Koichiro , Ikari Katsunori , Hiroshima Ryo , Okazaki Ken 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) affects the support of the medial longitudinal arch and stability of the hindfoot. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships of PTTD with foot and ankle functions and foot deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
A total of 129 patients (258 feet) who underwent magnetic plain and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled in this study. Positive magnetic resonance imaging findings were defined as tenosynovitis and incomplete and complete rupture of the posterior tibial tendon. Foot and ankle functions were assessed using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot standard rating system for the RA foot and ankle scale (JSSF-RA) and self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire. Plain radiographs were examined for the hallux valgus angle, first metatarsal and second metatarsal angle, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and calcaneal pitch angle.

Results
PTTD was associated with motion in the JSSF-RA (p = .024), activities of daily living in JSSF-RA (p = .017), and pain and pain-related factors in the self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (p = .001). The calcaneal pitch angle was significantly lower in the feet with PTTD than in those without PTTD (median: 16.2° vs. 18.0°; p = .007).

Conclusions
The present study shows that PTTD was associated with foot and ankle functions and flatfoot deformity. Thus, a better understanding of PTTD in patients with RA is important for the management of foot and ankle disorders in clinical practice.
Effect of a multitarget therapy with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus in a patient with type B insulin resistance syndrome complicated by lupus nephritis
Authors: Temmoku Jumpei , Asano Tomoyuki , Saito Kenji , Matsumoto Haruki , Fujita Yuya , Furuya-Yashiro Makiko , Matsuoka Naoki , Oda Akira , Tanabe Hayato , Sato Shuzo , Shio-Yano Kiori , Sasajima Tomomi , Kiko Yuichiro , Kobayashi Hiroko , Watanabe Hiroshi , Shimabukuro Michio , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTType B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIR) is a rare autoimmune disease characterised by autoantibodies targeting insulin receptors. TBIR is often complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe the case of a 59-year-old Japanese man with TBIR complicated with lupus nephritis (LN), who presented with nephrotic syndrome and severe hypoglycaemia. Treatment with prednisolone (PSL), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and tacrolimus (TAC) resulted in improved SLE activity and glucose intolerance with the reduction of anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of TBIR complicated with LN that was successfully treated using multitarget therapy with PSL, MMF, and TAC.
Readmission and reoperation rates after resection of malignant primary brain tumours in England 2013-2017
Authors: Wahba Adam , Phillips Nick , Hutchinson Peter , Cromwell David , Mathew Ryan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Morbidity and mortality following resection of malignant primary brain tumours is high. The benefits of reoperation for recurrent tumours are uncertain and it is not known how frequently patients in England undergo further tumour resections. The aim of this study was to describe 30-day and one-year readmission rates, the clinical reasons for readmission and the rate of resections for recurrent tumours.

Method
Patient data was extracted from Hospital Episode Statistics (the hospital administrative data for NHS hospitals in England) for all supratentorial, malignant, primary brain tumour resections performed from April 2013 to March 2017. All subsequent non-elective readmissions to any NHS hospital and all readmissions for further tumour resection within 30 days and one year were analysed for the primary clinical diagnosis and primary procedure performed.

Results
A total of 6,982 patients were identified and the 30-day and one-year readmission rates were 18.6% (n=1,298) and 57.4% (n=4,007), respectively. The rates of reoperation for tumour resection were 0.5% (n=33) and 6.2% (n=432), respectively. The commonest reasons for 30-day readmission were post-operative complications (17.9% of admissions), general medical complications (17.3%) and surgical site infection (9.6%). The most frequently performed neurosurgical procedures were for treatment of surgical site infection (37.6% of procedures). The commonest reasons for readmission within one year were general medical complications (17.4%), seizures (14%), systemic infections (11.4%) and post-operative complications (11%). Almost half of all neurosurgical procedures performed within one year were reoperation for tumour resection (45.6%), while treatment of surgical site infection (17.9%) and CSF shunt insertions and revisions (9.1%) were also common.

Conclusion
This study provides a descriptive analysis of the rates of readmission, diagnosis on readmission, and the need for further neurosurgical procedures. The rate of non-elective readmissions within one year is high and these data may be useful for service planning and for counselling patients about their treatment. Additionally, these data contribute to the development of quality indicators, for benchmarking and comparing quality of care provision between neurosurgical units. Further research, with linkage to histology data and performance status, would support an analysis of the role of resection of recurrent, malignant, primary brain tumours.