bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Muskingum Models for Multiple Inflows and Lateral inflows
Authors: Pashazadeh Arash , Javan Mitra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Floods are considered as the costliest natural disasters. The nonlinear Muskingum models were widely applied to flood routing in a river reach with an inflow and outflow. In reality, many rivers have lateral inflows or are composed of several inflows (multiple inflows river) with nonlinear relation between the storage and inflow/outflow discharge. In this study, three variations on the nonlinear Muskingum model were extended to allow for lateral inflows and multiple inflows. The extension is based on an equivalent inflow for river systems with both lateral inflows and multiple inflows. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was employed to estimate the extended nonlinear Muskingum models parameters. Two case studies (a river with a lateral inflow and multiple inflows) were considered to evaluate the extended nonlinear models. In addition to the sum of the squared deviation (SSQ), the efficiency of models was examined by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The sensitivity analysis of the extended models was performed to get more insight into the effect of the different values of models’ parameters on the objective function. The extended nonlinear Muskingum models outperform the multiple inflows linear Muskingum model and standard nonlinear Muskingum models in predicting the outflow hydrograph of a river system involving lateral inflows and multiple inflows. The outflow hydrographs of the case studies were precisely predicted with increased number of the extended models’ parameters in multiple inflows systems.
Identification of Hub Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy by an Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Chen Chenchun , Qiu Xiaoqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the kidneys' glomeruli. The dysregulation of genes plays a significant role in the progression of DN. MethodsIn the present study, gene expression profiles were analyzed to identify the key genes and pathways involved in DN. Gene expression profiles of 9 patients with DN and 11 normal subjects were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were established and hub genes were identified. ResultsAs a result, a total of 424 DEGs were identified (113 were upregulated and 311 were downregulated). In the protein-protein interaction network, four hub modules and 30 hub genes were identified. To explore potential associations between gene and DN clinical features and to identify hub genes, the top 25% of genes with the greatest variance in the gene expression profiles were extracted for weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). There were ten genes (RNASE6, CD1C, SASH3, COL1A2, MS4A6A, CD163, CLEC10A, MOXD1, IQGAP2, GHR) identified as significant DN‐associated genes. Furthermore, the expression level of these hub genes was confirmed in the GSE96804 dataset. ConclusionsThese findings provide new insight into DN pathogenesis, which may enhance our fundamental knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease.
WITHDRAWN: Numerical Study of the Effects of an Obstacle and its Position in a Curved Channel in a Lock-Exchange Flow
Authors: Mohammadi Javad , Pirzadeh Bahareh , Azizyan Gholamreza , Abdollahi Azam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Researchers have recently shown interest in complex flow patterns, especially the effects of secondary flows, in a curved channel. This paper studied the obstacle effects in a gravity current in a channel with a symmetrical 120° bend using the OpenFoam toolbox and the Realizable k–ε turbulence model for simulation. The models studied included no-obstacle curved channel, curved channel with obstacle in 30° position, curved channel with obstacle in 60° position and curved channel with obstacle in 60° position with increased radius. Results showed that the obstacle directed the concentration towards the banks with its maximum value tending from the outer to the inner bank, especially in the tail. Although the post-obstacle head height did not change, that of the tail did (fell); the tail longitudinal velocity was maximized near the channel bed in areas far from the obstacle, and in the outer bank in areas near it. The secondary flow was so reduced that its lowest and most different pattern was observed around the obstacle. In displacing the latter, if the front was at a certain distance from it, the secondary flow did not change much, but if it was at the channel end, the post-obstacle secondary flow increased as the obstacle neared the lock.
Biopolymer Xanthan Gum as Promising Template for Facile Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Application as Reusable Catalyst for Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Kaur Arshpreet , Bajaj Bharat , Sud Dhiraj 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Herein, we report first time the biopolymer xanthan gum as template for facile synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles via co-precipitation method using ultrasonication technique. The formation of nanosized particles of CeO2 in the range of 11-32 nm with précised size and shape, as evidenced from morphological analysis. Further the polymer xanthan gum offers a versatile platform to control the morphological features and thereby the catalytic activity of CeO2. The prominent peaks in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 82.50, 889.10, 898.50, 900.90, 907.50, and 916.60 eV binding energies confirmed the presence of Ce4+ in CeO2 with no traces of template material. The significant catalytic activity of CeO2 for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds was observed with pseudo first order rate constants 0.1118 and 0.3318 min-1 for nitrobenzene and 2-nitrophenol respectively. The remarkable stability and high performance of CeO2 were demonstrated even after four catalytic runs for nitrobenzene, affirmed the catalytic support potential of CeO2 for reduction of nitroaromatic compounds.
Strain Effectiveness of Gate-all-around Silicon Nanowire n-MOSFET Transistors with Physical Analysis
Authors: Agarwal Amit , Pradhan Prashanta Chandra , Swain Bibhu Prasad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have discussed the effects of uniaxial tensile strain on the performance of gate-all-around (GAA) n-MOSFETs over the core cell SiGe structure are investigated for nanowire (NW) channel down to 5 nm to 10 nm. The strain has shown an increase in current drain due to a decrease in the energy bandgap in the SiNWs which stretched beyond their normal interatomic distance. The surface potential gate to source voltage (-0.5 to 0.5 V), drain voltage (0 to 2 V), donor concentration (107cm−3 to 1014cm−3), acceptor concentration (1017cm−3 to 1022cm−3), and operating temperature (0 to 300 K) with varying channel length were investigated. Matlab code is used to employ the GAA strained-Si MOSFETs show excellent subthreshold swing and cutoff behavior, and approximately two times current drive and intrinsic transconductance enhancement compared to similar unstrained Si devices.
Inter-Parasitic Interactions in Myrmica Ants: Ectoparasitic Fungus Affecting the Success of Socially Parasitic Caterpillars
Authors: Tartally András , Szabó Norbert , Somogyi Anna Ágnes , Báthori Ferenc , Haelewaters Danny , Mucsi András , Fürjes-Mikó Ágnes , Nash David R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Exploitation of organisms by multiple parasite species is common in nature, but interactions among parasites have rarely been studied. Myrmica ants are rich in parasites. Among others, the ectoparasitic Rickia wasmannii fungus and the socially parasitic caterpillars of myrmecophilous Phengaris butterflies often infect the same Myrmica colonies. In this study, we examined the effects of R. wasmannii on the adoption, long-term development, and survival of P. alcon. In laboratory conditions, caterpillars introduced into nests of Myrmica scabrinodis uninfected with R. wasmannii survived significantly longer compared to caterpillars introduced into infected nests. In the field, joint infection was less common than expected if both parasites exploited M. scabrinodis colonies independently. Pre-pupal caterpillars of P. alcon were somewhat larger in nests infected with R. wasmannii than those found in uninfected nests. Based on these results it seems that R. wasmannii infection of M. scabrinodis affects the survival and development of P. alcon caterpillars, suggesting competition between these two ant associates.
Statistical Optimisation of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production in Bacillus Endophyticus Using Sucrose as Sole Source of Carbon
Authors: Geethu M , Hariharapura Raghu , Somashekara Divyashree 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Microorganisms have been contemplated as a promising source for the inexhaustible synthesis of many novel materials utilizing renewable sources. Among many of such products, Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) remains as an essential biodegradable polymer with functions similar to conventional plastics. Bacillus endophyticus is capable of accumulating biopolymer PHA in nutrient limiting conditions with excess of carbon source. Screening and optimizing the parameters for increased PHA production was done statistically. The optimized medium gave a maximum yield of 46.57 % which was in well agreement with the given predicted value provided by Response surface Methodology model yield of 47.02 %. Optimal media conditions when extrapolated in bioreactor gave an even higher production percentage of 49.9.This is the first report highlighting 49 % of Polyhydroxybutyrate statistically using sucrose as a source. The main highlight of the study was the use of wild type strain for producing high quality PHA using simple carbon source which can be a starting platform for using this strain for large scale PHA production industrially. FTIR and 1HNMR analysis confirmed the polymer produced.
Differential Diagnosis of Appendiceal Serrated Lesions and Polyps and Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm: Analysis Of 88 Cases
Authors: Lu Yiyan , Qi Changhai , Xu Hongbin , Jin Mulan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To identify clinicopathological features for the differential diagnosis of appendiceal serrated lesions and polyps (SPs) and low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) for the purpose of avoiding over‐diagnosis.Methods: Clinical data and pathological features of 66 patients with SPs diagnosed at the Aerospace Center Hospital between January 2013 and January 2021 were collected and compared to 22 cases of LAMN.Results: SPs, compared with LAMN, are likely to be associated with acute inflammation (SPs 53.0% vs. LAMN 18.2%), and may be located in the appendix partly, although with smaller diameter (average 9.6 vs. 27.2 mm); epithelial structures of serrated (100% vs. 22.7%) and filiform villous (47.0% vs. 18.2%) were often found in SPs. SPs occasionally show attenuated or flattened morphology (16.7% vs. 100%) and undulating or scalloped (7.6% vs. 40.9%) structures, and can also be accompanied by diverticulum (18.2% vs. 18.2%) and acellular mucin in the appendiceal wall (16.7% vs. 54.5%), which causes confusion with LAMN. The key point of the differential diagnosis is to observe whether the muscularis mucosa exists (loss, 0% vs. 100%) and fibrosis of the appendiceal wall (0% vs. 100%). SMA immunohistochemistry can assist in the diagnosis. Calcification is also indicative of LAMN.Conclusions: The epithelial structure of SPs can appear flattened and focally scalloped, and can be accompanied by mucin in the appendiceal wall, which may appear as complex lesions, easily over-diagnosed as LAMN. Key differential diagnostic features are identifying the structure of lamina propria, determining whether the muscularis mucosa exists, and whether the appendiceal wall is fibrotic.
Improving Robustness of Automatic Cardiac Function Quantification From Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Synthetic Image Data
Authors: Gheorghiță Bogdan A. , Itu Lucian M. , Sharma Puneet , Suciu Constantin , Wetzl Jens , Geppert Christian , Ali Mohamed Ali Asik , Lee Aaron M. , Piechnik Stefan K , Neubauer Stefan , Petersen Steffen E. , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Chitiboi Teodora 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although having been the subject of intense research over the years, cardiac function quantification from MRI is still not a fully automatic process in the clinical practice. This is partly due to the shortage of training data covering all relevant cardiovascular disease phenotypes. We propose to synthetically generate short axis CINE MRI using a generative adversarial model to expand the available data sets that consist of predominantly healthy subjects to include more cases with reduced ejection fraction. We introduce a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and implicitly the ejection fraction from cardiac MRI without explicit segmentation. The left ventricle volume predictions were compared to the ground truth values, showing superior accuracy compared to state-of-the-art segmentation methods. We show that using synthetic data generated for pre-training a CNN significantly improves the prediction compared to only using the limited amount of available data, when the training set is imbalanced.
Peripheral Neuropathy Is Associated With High Serum Levels of Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sun Chao , Chen Qing , Zhang Xu , Wang Junqiao , Wang Xinzhe , Cheng Yiping , Zhang Wendi , Fan Yuanyuan , Zhou Xinli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: A high plasma level of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is one of the key features of diabetic dyslipidemia. However, the relationship between sdLDL-C and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has not been investigated. Therefore, we measured sdLDL-C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ± DPN, determined the factors affecting sdLDL-C levels, and characterized the relationship between sdLDL-C and DPN in T2DM.Methods: sdLDL-C was measured in the T2DM patients with (n=702) and without (n=780) DPN and the characteristics of these two groups were compared. Correlation analysis was used to identify factors associated with sdLDL-C levels. Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to further characterize the relationship between sdLDL-C and DPN in patients with T2DM.Results: The serum sdLDL-C levels were higher in T2DM patients with DPN than in those without. sdLDL-C positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urinary microalbumin–creatinine ratio, and urinary microalbumin in T2DM patients with DPN (P=0.017, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.005, and P=0.002, respectively) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.01). Furthermore, sdLDL-C was independently associated with DPN in patients with T2DM (odds ratio=5.857, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.60–13.20, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to identify the optimal cut-off value of sdLDL-C for the prediction of DPN, which was found to be 0.985 mmol/L (area under the curve=0.571; 95% CI: 0.541–0.600; sensitivity, 64.8%; specificity, 47.7%, P<0.001).Conclusions: sdLDL-C was increased in T2DM patients with DPN and was found to be an independent predictor of the presence of DPN.
The Effectiveness of External Rotators and Ischiofemoral Ligament for the Prevention of Hip Dislocation in Hip Flexion Position: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Baba Kazuyoshi , Chiba Daisuke , Mori Yu , Kuwahara Yoshiyuki , Kogure Atsushi , Sugaya Takehiro , Kamata Kumi , Oizumi Itsuki , Suzuki Takayuki , Kurishima Hiroaki , Hamada Soshi , Itoi Eiji , Aizawa Toshimi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of the impact of each external rotator muscle and ischiofemoral ligament on prevention of joint dislocation, depending on the hip flexion angle.MethodNine normal hips were studied; the pelvis was fixed in the lateral decubitus position. An intramedullary nail was inserted into the femur and fixed using screws. A circular plate with a protractor was fixed on the nail. The circular plate was pulled by 3.15 Nm force in the direction of internal rotation, and this angle was defined as the baseline angle. External rotators of the right hip were resected stepwise using the posterior approach; in contrast, external rotators of the left hip were resected stepwise in the reverse order, and finally the ischiofemoral ligament was cut. After each muscle and ischiofemoral ligament resection, the increase in the angle by the traction of was measured at the neutral and 30° and 60° hip flexion positions.ResultsIn posterior approach, there was a significant difference between measurements after piriformis and ischiofemoral ligament resection at 0° of flexion (p=0.02). At 30° of flexion, there were significant differences between measurements after each external rotator and ischiofemoral ligament resection (p<0.01). At 60° of flexion, there were significant differences between ischiofemoral ligament resection and piriformis or inferior gemellus resection (p=0.04, p=0.02, respectively). In the reverse order of the posterior approach, there were significant differences between ischiofemoral ligament resection and the obturator externus, inferior gemellus, or obturator internus at 0° of flexion (p<0.01, p<0.01, p=0.01, respectively). At 30° of flexion, there was a significant difference between the ischiofemoral ligament and each external rotator (p<0.01). ConclusionThe ischiofemoral ligament is the main restrictor of posterior dislocation. The combination of the piriformis and obturator internus may restrict internal rotation at 0°and 60° of flexion.
CSF1R-Related Leukoencephalopathy Caused by CSF1R p.Arg777Trp and CSF1R p.Arg782Cys Mutations: A Report of Four Cases in Sweden
Authors: Rosenstein Igal , Andersen Oluf , Daniel Victor , Englund Elisabet , Granberg Tobias , Hedberg-Oldfors Carola , Jood Katarina , Fitrah Yusran Ady , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Karrenbauer Virginija Danylaité 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is a rare and devastating genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations in the CSF1R gene. It is characterized by adult onset, rapidly progressive neurodegeneration and variable behavioral, cognitive, and motor disturbances and seizures. With only one affected family currently reported, the disease’s prevalence in Sweden is unknown. Objective: To describe four cases of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy from three families with two different pathogenic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of CSF1R and to develop an integrated presentation of inter-individual diversity of clinical presentations. Methods: This is an observational study of a case series. Patients diagnosed with CSF1R-encephalopathy were evaluated with standardized functional estimation scores and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were systematically evaluated. We performed a functional phosphorylation assay to confirm the pathogenicity of the mutations. We performed neuropathologic examination on one deceased relative for diagnostic verification. Results: Two mutationsin CSF1R gene were identified, a missense variant c.2344C>T, p.Arg782Cys and a missense variant c.2329C>T, p.Arg777Trp. A phosphorylation assay in vitro showed markedly reduced autophosphorylation in cells expressing the CSF1R mutations p.Arg777Trp and p.Arg782Cys, confirming the pathogenicity of these mutations. A radiological investigation revealed typical white matter lesions in all cases. There was marked individual variation in the loss of frontal, motor neuronal and extrapyramidal functions, with a reciprocal relation to neurofilament light levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusions: Including the present cases, currently three CSF1R mutations are known in Sweden. We present a visualization tool to capture the degree of disability and clinical diversity, with a potential use for longitudinal follow-up for this and other leukoencephalopathies.Trial Registration: N/A (non-interventional study)
Increased Oxidative Stress Contributes to Impaired CD56dimCD57+ NK Cells in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lu Zhimin , Tian Yao , Bai Ziran , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Yan , Qi Jingjing , Jin Minli , Zhu Jie , Li Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is characterized by loss of immune tolerance and imbalance of immune cell subsets. NK cells contribute to regulate both the innate and adaptive immune response. In this study, we aimed to detect peripheral NK cell subsets in SLE patients, investigate their cytotoxic effect on activated CD4+ T cells, and explore intrinsic mechanisms contributing to NK cell abnormality.Methods: Blood samples from healthy controls(HCs) and patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis(RA) were collected. The NK count, NK subsets(CD56bright , CD56dimCD57- , and CD56dimCD57+), phenotypes, along with apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. The t-stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) analysis of lymphocytes based on immune cells flow cytometry markers was performed. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS) and total ROS levels in NK cells were detected by MitoSOX Red and DCFH-DA staining respectively. Published data(GSE63829 and GSE23695) from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) was analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA).Results: NK count was down-regulated in untreated SLE patients in comparison to untreated RA patients or HCs and the count was negatively correlated with disease activity. SLE patients exhibited a selective reduction in CD56dimCD57+ NK cell proportion, which was negatively correlated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI) and positively correlated with complement C3 and C4. CD56dimCD57+NK cells exhibited increased cytotoxic effect on activated CD4+ T cells relative to CD56dimCD57- NK cells. Compared with HCs, CD56dimCD57+ NK cells in SLE patients exhibited impaired cytotoxic function, increased apoptosis and higher levels of both mtROS and ROS. GSEA analysis indicated that ROS pathway was significantly enriched in NK cells from lupus. Compared with CD56dimCD57- NK cells in SLE patients, CD56dimCD57+ NK cells showed higher levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, oxidative stress levels were negatively correlated with perforin expression and positively correlated with apoptosis. CD56dimCD57+ NK cells were more prone to undergo apoptosis when exposed to ROS in vitro. Conclusion: Beyond the reduced NK cell number, our study demonstrated a selective loss of mature CD56dimCD57+ NK cell subset, which was conversely correlated with disease activity. This subset showed attenuated cytotoxic function, up-regulated endogenous apoptosis and increased oxidative stress, which might contribute to NK cell abnormality.