IntÃ©rÃªt de la culture associÃ©e lÃ©gumineuses-maÃ¯s et stratÃ©gie de rÃ©silience face Ã la disponibilitÃ© en terre cultivable : le cas de la ferme agricole de KafiguÃ© dans dÃ©partement de Korhogo (Nord de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire)
Authors: Elie Kouakou Konan , Faustin Akotto Odi , KouamÃ© Antoine Nâ€™Guessan 
Published: June 2021

En raison de la relative disparition progressive des jachÃ¨res qui permettaient auparavant la conservation des ressources minÃ©rales du sol, la problÃ©matique de recherche agronomique dans le Nord de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire est Ã©troitement liÃ©e Ã la petite superficie des exploitations agricoles. Dans un tel contexte, la mÃ©thode a consistÃ© Ã caractÃ©riser deux facteurs dÃ©terminants : le caractÃ¨re Â« terre Â» qui reprÃ©sente la ressource rare des exploitations agricoles et le caractÃ¨re Â« lÃ©gumineuse Â» dont la nÃ©cessitÃ© dâ€™insertion dans les associations. Des systÃ¨mes de cultures pures, les cultures associÃ©es maÃ¯s- cajanus et maÃ¯s-arachide ont Ã©tÃ© Ã©tudiÃ©s dans le Nord-CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire. Les rÃ©sultats ont montrÃ© que lâ€™arrangement spatial du semis modifie sensiblement la production de ces associations. On constate que la culture est favorisÃ©e par lâ€™association cÃ©rÃ©ale-lÃ©gumineuse par rapport Ã la culture pure. Sur le sol objet du prÃ©sent travail, le maÃ¯s associÃ© valorise aussi bien la productivitÃ© que le maÃ¯s cultivÃ© individuellement. Les possibilitÃ©s d'amÃ©liorer lâ€™association traditionnelle maÃ¯s-lÃ©gumineuse, sans application des fertilisants, sont Ã©galement examinÃ©es. La supÃ©rioritÃ© de lâ€™association rÃ©side plutÃ´t dans la valorisation du capital terre (Land Equivalent Ratio, LER >1) que dans la productivitÃ© du travail, qui ne se distingue pas globalement de celle des cultures pures ; cela signifierait que lâ€™association gagne de son intÃ©rÃªt en milieu dÃ©gradÃ©. Les diffÃ©rents LER totaux calculÃ©s montrent Ã©galement une diffÃ©rence non significative entre les rendements obtenus sur Labours Ã plat et billons dans toutes les diffÃ©rentes associations lÃ©gumineuses-maÃ¯s. De ce fait, les paysans nâ€™ont aucune crainte Ã cultiver sur le labour Ã plat pour Ã©viter de crÃ©er des poches Ã lâ€™Ã©rosion Ã travers des sillons crÃ©Ã©s par le billonnage et qui se transforment en rigoles. Les meilleurs systÃ¨mes dâ€™associations sont cajanusmaÃ¯s et cajanus-maÃ¯s-arachide.

For the reason of the relative progressive disappearance of the fallow which allowed before the conservation of the soil mineral resources, the problems of agronomic research in the North of the CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire are closely related to the small surface of the farms. In such a context, the method consisted in characterizing two determining factors: character "soil" which represents the rare resource of the farms and character "leguminous plant" of which need for insertion in intercropping systems. Farming systems pure, associated crop maize-cajanus and maize-groundnut were studied in the North of CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire. The results showed that the spatial arrangement of sowing appreciably modifies the production of these intercropping systems. It is noted that the crop is supported by intercrop cereal-leguminous plant compared to the mixed crops. On soil, object of this work, the intercrop maize develops as well the productivity as individually cultivated maize. The possibilities of improving traditional intercrop maize-leguminous plants, without the application of fertilizers, are also examined. The superiority of intercropping lies rather in the valorization of the capital soil (Land Equivalent Ratio, LER > 1) that in the labour productivity, which is not distinguished overall from that of the pure cultures; that would mean that intercropping gains of its interest in degraded area. The different calculated total LER also shows a non significant difference between the yields obtained on Labor flat and balks in all various intercrop leguminous plant-maize. So the farmers donâ€™t have any fear to cultivate on the labor flat to avoid erosion through furrows created by the Balk and which are transformed into drains. The best intercropping systems are cajanus-maize and cajanus-maize-groundnut.