bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINE AS AN EXPRESSIVE MEANS IN DESIGNOF THE VISUAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kolisnyk O. V. , Pashukova S. G. , Chernova P. S. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose. The peculiarities of the use of linear images in the visual environment are investigated. Their influence on human perception and relevance of their use in design and art is determined. Methodology. General scientific research methods are used: analytical, typological, comparative analysis are used to determine the lines and their application in advertising and design. Results.Linear images differ against the background of modern media space. The use of linear, schematic, simplified images and their assimilation appeals to the historical development of human perception, which allows such images to be perceived on a subconscious level, without requiring concentration and distraction from other activities. Trends in the development of linear images in human perception are analyzed. The use of lines in various types of fine arts is emphasized and revealed. The scientific novelty. To consider the lines as a tool for visual emphasis of facilities and distribution lines in various forms of art. Their historical development and significance for human activity are established. Practical significance. The study allows to expand knowledge about the use of lines in modern and elite areas of art. The obtained results can be used in further studies of linear visual solutions.
IMPLEMENTASI INSENTIF PAJAK DI KPP PRATAMA PONTIANAK TIMUR
Authors: Arifani Muhamad Rifqy , Anta Kusuma I Gede Komang Chahya Bayu 
Published: December 2021

Pada masa pandemi, terdapat 37.000 UMKM yang melaporkan dampak serius, yaitu sebanyak 56 persen UMKM mengalami penurunan usaha, 22 persen UMKM bermasalah kredit macet dan lainnya berupa distribusi dan kekurangan bahan baku. Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan insentif pajak untuk pajak penghasilan UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui implementasi insentif pajak di KPP Pratama Pontianak Timur, dimana merupakan lokasi usaha 56% UMKM di wilayah Pontianak. Melalui model G Edward III akan diukur kebijakan insentif pajak dan kendala yang dihadapi. Penelitian disusun dengan metode kualitatif berfokus pada keberhasilan implementasi empat faktor : komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi dan kendala yang dihadapi dengan wawancara kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam kebijakan insentif pajak. Penelitian ini melibatkan wawancara petugas pajak terkait dengan implementasi kebijakan insentif pajak. Hasil penelitian menemukan penerapan insentif pajak diajukan 28,23% oleh wajib pajak pada tahun 2020. kedua penelitian ini menemukan kendala penyampaian informasi, penurunan omzet, penguasaan teknologi, jaringan internet dan penguasaan aplikasi perpajakan dalam penerapan insentif pajak. Model G Edward III tentang faktor keberhasilan implementasi dalam kebijakan insentif pajak tidak efektif karena faktor komunikasi dan sumber daya. Namun, faktor lain seperti disposisi dan struktur birokrasi sudah cukup baik dan mendukung penerapan insentif pajak
Foreign direct investment in the Lao People&apos;s Democratic Republic: Challenges and prospects
Authors: Phimpamot Thaksin 
Published: December 2021

In the article the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into the economy of the Lao is examined, in particular, the evolution of the policy, methods and rules of FDI attraction and regulation, as well as the dynamics and sectoral structure of FDI inflows. In result of Lao’s targeted proactive government policy, the FDI inflow since 2005 have risen substantially, owing primarily to domestic and foreign investments in hydropower and mining. Since the 3rd five-year National Plan for 1991-1995, the promotion of FDI has become a priority for the government. Since 2005, the annual rate of economic growth has exceeded 5%, and by 2020, the poverty of the people has dropped significantly. Through continuous, inclusive and sustainable economic growth the country managed to get out of “least developed countries” status by 2020. The Lao PDR government continues to improve the legal framework and law enforcement practice in the field of FDI.
China, Thailand and Vietnam lead the investment process among the 10 most active foreign investors. Lao government clearly defined the desirable industries for foreign direct investment, which meet national interests - hydropower, mining, infrastructure facilities, industrial and agricultural enterprises, tourism. In this article an overview of the most important FDI sectors in Laos is provided.
Authors have come to conclusion that the scope, volume and focus of implemented and ongoing FDI projects has benefited the Laos in terms of socioeconomic growth, foreign exchange earnings, job creation, as well as modern equipment, technology and skills transfer. The attention of the Lao government to practical details of foreign investment in important national projects contributes to successful use of external resources for national goals.
Analisis Efek Panjang Gelombang Cahaya Terhadap Karakteristik Arus-Tegangan Sel Surya Menggunakan Simulasi Berbasis Finite Element Method
Authors: Fitriana Fitriana 
Published: December 2021

Cahaya matahari merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam pembentukan arus listrik pada sel surya. Cahaya matahari terdiri atas foton-foton dengan berbagai macam panjang gelombang yang jika menumbuk permukaan sel surya akan dikonversi menjadi energi listrik oleh sel surya tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat simulasi profil distribusi konsentrasi pembawa muatan dan karakteristik arus-tegangan (I-V) dari sel surya berbasis silikon untuk berbagai variasi panjang gelombang foton datang yang diterima oleh sel surya. Hasil simulasi profil distribusi pembawa muatan dan grafik karakteristik arus-tegangan diperoleh dengan menyelesaikan persamaan Poisson dan kontinuitas dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa perubahan panjang gelombang foton datang dari 0.5 mm-1.1 mm akan merubah nilai konsentrasi pembawa muatan dan karakteristik arus-tegangan sel surya. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya penurunan konsentrasi hole dan elektron dan rapat arus hubung singkat saat panjang gelombang cahaya semakin kecil.
Development of Triamcinolone Acetonide Loaded Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations For The Treatment of Asthma
Authors: YURDASİPER Aysu 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations by using spray dryer and to characterize the formulations with reference to their appropriateness for pulmonary drug delivery.
Methods: PLGA dry powder inhalers containing TAA were produced in two stages. In the first step, PLGA microparticles were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method and the DPI formulations were produced by the spray-drying process using mannitol and leucine. TAA loaded PLGA DPI was classified physicochemical properties. The in vitro dissolution test was carried out using modified USP apparatus 2. Aerosol performance was identified with next generation impactor.
Results: This study has demonstrated that TAA loaded PLGA DPI were effectively prepared. Scanning electron microscope illustrates the spherical shape, particle size (D50) was established to be between 2.7-3.1 µm and all formulations charged negatively. Special chemical interaction in the DPI was not observed by FT-IR. The in vitro aerosol performance study represented DPI formulations have the proper aerodynamic properties for targeting the lungs. The in vitro TAA release from DPI formulations decreased with increasing of PLGA concentration.
Conclusion: Developed PLGA dry powder inhaler formulations containing TAA have shown suitable aerodynamic characteristics to be administered to the lungs thereby could improve in the management of asthma by increasing TAA residency in the lungs for a prolonged period of time.
Two-Year Clinical Follow-Up Assessment of the Novel Cingular Surgical Bovine Pericardial Valve
Authors: Chen Jinmiao , Lv Minzhi , Lu Yuntao , Fu Jiahui , Guo Yingqiang , Tao Liang , Zhou Xinmin , Gu Tianxiang , Wei Lai , Hong Tao , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the 2-year clinical safety and hemodynamic outcomes of the Cingular bovine pericardial bioprosthesis.Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial was conducted in patients who required aortic or mitral valve replacement. From March 2016 to October 2017, 197 patients were implanted with the Cingular bovine pericardial valve at five sites in China. The clinical outcomes and hemodynamic performance were assessed through a 2-year follow-up. Clinical safety events were reviewed by an independent clinical events committee, and echocardiographic data were assessed by an independent core laboratory.Results: The mean age was 66.9 ± 4.9 years. The 2-year survival rate was 96.4%. A complete 2-year clinical follow-up was achieved in 189 of 190 survivors. No case of structural valve deterioration, major perivalvular leak, prosthetic valve endocarditis, or valve-related reoperation was seen. For the aortic valve, the mean pressure gradient observed was 12.5 ± 4.0 mm Hg, and the effective orifice area (EOA) was 2.0 ± 0.3 cm2. For the smaller size aortic valves, 19 mm and 21 mm, respective mean EOA values of 1.7 ± 0.2 cm2 and 1.8 ± 0.2 cm2 were found. The values for mean pressure gradient and mean EOA for mitral bioprostheses were 4.0 ± 1.4 mm Hg and 2.2 ± 0.3 cm2, respectively. There was no significant change between 1-year and 2-year hemodynamic performance.Conclusions: The Cingular bovine pericardial valve showed favorable clinical safety and hemodynamic outcomes over a 2-year follow-up. Further follow-up is required to validate the long-term durability.
Trends in Bleeding Events Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in China, 2015 to 2019: Insights From the CCC-ACS Project
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhao Guanqi , Zhou Mengge , Ma Changsheng , Ge Junbo , Huo Yong , Smith Sidney C. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hao Yongchen , Liu Jun , Morgan Louise , Gong Wei , Yan Yan , Liu Jing , Zhao Dong , Han Yaling , Nie Shaoping 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Major bleeding is a common complication following treatment for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is associated with increased mortality. We aimed to explore the temporal trend of bleeding events in relation to changes of therapeutic strategies among patients hospitalized for ACS in China.Methods: The CCC-ACS project (Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China–Acute Coronary Syndrome) is a collaborative initiative of the American Heart Association and the Chinese Society of Cardiology. We analyzed 113,567 ACS patients from 241 hospitals in China from 2015 to 2019. Major bleeding was defined as intracranial bleeding, retroperitoneal bleeding, a decline in hemoglobin levels ≥3 g/dL, transfusion with overt bleeding, bleeding requiring surgical intervention, and fatal bleeding. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to examine the trend of major bleeding over time.Results: The rate of in-hospital major bleeding decreased from 6.3% in 2015 to 4.7% in 2019 (unadjusted OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68–0.80, and P &lt; 0.001). The relative changes were consistent across almost all subgroups including patients with NSTE-ACS and STEMI, although the trend was more pronounced in NSTE-ACS patients. The decrease in bleeding was accompanied by a decrease in use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors and parenteral anticoagulation therapy during hospitalization. The annual reduced risk of bleeding (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89–0.93) was attenuated after stepwise adjusting for baseline characteristics and antithrombotic treatments (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97), but did not change after adjusting for invasive treatment (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97).Conclusions: There was a temporal reduction in in-hospital bleeding among Chinese ACS patients during the last 5 years, which was associated with more evidence-based use of antithrombotic therapies.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02306616.
Central and Peripheral Cannulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Fetal Sheep: A Comparative Study
Authors: Teng Yun , Tian Miao , Huang Bingxin , Wu Wentao , Jiang Qiuping , Luo Xiaokang , Pan Wei , Zhuang Jian , Zhou Chengbin , Chen Jimei 
Published: December 2021

Objective:In-utero correction is an option for treatment of critical congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Fetal cardiac surgery for CHDs is dependent on the reliable use of fetal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but this technology remains experimental. In this study, we established fetal CPB models with central and peripheral cannulation to explore the differences between the two cannulation strategies.Methods: Ten fetal sheep with 90–110 gestational days were randomized into central cannulation (n = 5) and peripheral cannulation (n = 5) groups. All fetal CPB models were successfully established. At each time point (0, 30, and 60 min after initiation of CPB), echocardiography was performed. Blood samples were also collected for blood gas analysis and tests of myocardial enzymes and liver and kidney function.Results: In the central cannulation group, right ventricular Tei index significantly increased (p = 0.016) over time. Compared with the peripheral cannulation group, the left ventricular Tei index of the central cannulation group was significantly higher (1.96 ± 0.31 vs. 0.45 ± 0.19, respectively; p = 0.028) and the stroke volume was lower (0.46 ± 0.55 vs. 2.13 ± 0.05, respectively; p = 0.008) at 60 min after CPB. Levels of liver and kidney injury markers and of acid-base balance, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase/ALT ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), BUN/creatinine ratio, base excess and bicarbonates, were significantly higher for peripheral than for central cannulation. Other important physiologic parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial enzymes, umbilical artery beat index and resistance index, left ventricular Tei index, and left and right ventricular stroke volume, were comparable between the two groups.Conclusions: Both central and peripheral cannulations can be used to establish fetal CPB models. Central cannulation causes more adverse impacts for cardiac function, whereas peripheral cannulation is more susceptible to complications related to inadequate organ perfusion.
Geochemistry of Water and Gas Emissions From Cuicocha and Quilotoa Volcanic Lakes, Ecuador
Authors: Melián G. V. , Toulkeridis T. , Pérez N. M. , Hernández P. A. , Somoza L. , Padrón E. , Amonte C. , Alonso M. , Asensio-Ramos M. , Cordero M. 
Published: December 2021

There are hundreds of volcanic lakes around the world that represent an important hazard due to the potential occurrence of phreatomagmatic or limnic eruptions. Variations in geochemical and geophysical parameters could help to identify potential risks for these events. Cuicocha and Quilota volcanic lakes, located at the North Andean Volcanic Zone of Ecuador, are geologically young, with gas emissions manifested mainly as CO2via bubbling gases. Both lakes present a limited monitoring record. Therefore, volcanic monitoring is a priority task due to the potential hazard they represent by the possibility of water stratification and CO2accumulation. During 2012-2018 period, geochemical investigation based mainly on diffuse CO2surveys and analyzing the chemical and isotopic composition of bubbling gases has been carried out at Cuicocha and Quilotoa lakes. Additionally, vertical profiles of water columns were conducted in both lakes to investigate the possibility of water stratification and CO2accumulation in the lakes. A bathymetric study was also carried out in Quilotoa in 2017, giving further information about the degasification processes and the morphology of the lake bottom. The computed diffuse CO2output for Cuicocha volcanic lake (3.95 km2) showed a range from 53 to 652 t d−1for the period 2006–2018, with a maximum value in 2012, coinciding with a maximum of the3He/4He ratio measured at the bubbling gases and an increase in the seismic activity with an episode of long-period seismicity recorded in 2011–2012. For Quilotoa volcanic lake (3.50 km2) diffuse CO2output was estimated between 141 and 536 t d−1for the period 2014–2018. The chemical and isotopic data show that Cuicocha has a chemical composition typical of worldwide superficial shallow waters and aquifers, while Quilotoa shows a chemical composition typical of crater lakes in active volcanic systems. The distribution of the dissolved gas composition along the vertical profiles shows the existence of different water masses in both lakes, with an increase in the concentration of dissolved gases with depth. The carbon isotopic signature indicates an endogenous origin of the CO2, with a greater contribution in the stratification zone in both lakes. This study shows methods applicable to other volcanic lakes of the world to monitor their activity and potential risks.
The Association Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Function and Changes in Kidney and Myocardial Function in Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Controls
Authors: Laursen Jens Christian , Rasmussen Ida Kirstine B. , Zobel Emilie H. , Hasbak Philip , von Scholten Bernt Johan , Holmvang Lene , Ripa Rasmus S. , Hansen Christian S. , Frimodt-Moeller Marie , Kjaer Andreas , Rossing Peter , Hansen Tine W. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe mechanisms linking cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, diabetic kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes are widely unknown. We investigated the relationship between baseline cardiovascular autonomic function and changes in kidney and myocardial function over six years in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls.MethodsPost-hoc analysis of a cohort study in 24 patients with type 2 diabetes and 18 healthy controls. Baseline determinants were cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (heart rate response to: standing (30:15); deep breathing (E:I); and the Valsalva test) and time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability indices. Outcomes were changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, myocardial flow reserve (MFR) measured by cardiac 82Rb Positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT), and coronary artery calcium score (CACS).ResultsMean age at inclusion was 61 ± 10 years and 36% were female. Mean follow up time was 6 ± 0 years. A lower response in heart rate to the Valsalva test (corresponding to weaker autonomic function) was associated with a larger decline in eGFR (p=0.04), but not significantly after adjustment for sex, baseline age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, HbA1c, body mass index and baseline eGFR (p=0.12). A higher baseline response in heart rate to standing (30:15) was associated with a larger decline in myocardial flow reserve in the unadjusted analysis (p=0.02) and after adjustment (p=0.02). A higher response in heart rate to the Valsalva maneuver was associated with a larger increase in CACS (p = 0.02), but the association became insignificant after adjustment (p = 0.16).ConclusionA lower response in heart rate to the Valsalva test was associated with a larger decline in kidney function, indicating that autonomic dysfunction may predict future loss of kidney function. However, we did not find any association between lower values in cardiovascular autonomic function at baseline and a worsening in albuminuria, myocardial function, or atherosclerotic burden.
Survival of Patients Following First Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot Complications: A Nationwide 15-Year Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Lin Chia-Hung , Armstrong David G. , Liu Pi-Hua , Lin Cheng-Wei , Huang Chung-Huei , Huang Yu-Yao 
Published: December 2021

Background and AimsThe long-term survival in people with type 2 diabetes following first diagnosis of diabetic foot complications (FDDFC) is unclear. The object is to evaluate the mortality rate in subjects with type 2 diabetes following FDDFC and the impacts of the major cardiovascular comorbidities.MethodsNationwide data were analyzed for subjects with T2D and DFC between 2003 and 2017 according to ICD-9 coding. DFC was defined with the codes of ulcers, infections, or severe peripheral artery disease that required intervention (PAD) to mimic the real world diagnosis. Criteria of FDDFC were preceded by a period without any DFC for at least 5 years. Major cardiovascular comorbidities: established PAD and cardiovascular diseases (CVD: including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or heart failure) before the index date as well as lower-extremity amputations (LEA) at the index episode were analyzed.ResultsAmong 300,115 subjects with DFC, a total of 103,396 patients had FDDFC. The mean 5-year survival rate of these subjects was 81.05%. Using subjects without associated major cardiovascular comorbidity as baseline, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.38–1.49) in group PAD-/CVD+, followed by 1.70 (1.59–1.80) in PAD+/CVD- and 1.98 (1.89–2.08) in PAD+/CVD+. The aHR was further increased in patients with PAD who additionally had heart failure (3.77, 3.50–4.05), stroke (2.06, 1.95–2.18), or CHD (1.89, 1.79–2.00). Subjects with PAD rather than other CVD were associated with LEA at FDDFC. Patients with major LEA (above the ankle) at FDDFC episode had lower 5-year survival rate (65.01%) followed by those with minor LEA (72.24%) and without LEA (81.61%).ConclusionsCardiovascular comorbidity as well as LEA status at the event of FDDFCs were both associated with patient survival outcomes. Earlier identification of this large population could lead to higher survival rates.
A New Method for Recognizing Protein Complexes Based on Protein Interaction Networks and GO Terms
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Nan , Zhao Yulan , Wang Juan 
Published: December 2021

Motivation: A protein complex is the combination of proteins which interact with each other. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks are composed of multiple protein complexes. It is very difficult to recognize protein complexes from PPI data due to the noise of PPI.Results: We proposed a new method, called Topology and Semantic Similarity Network (TSSN), based on topological structure characteristics and biological characteristics to construct the PPI. Experiments show that the TSSN can filter the noise of PPI data. We proposed a new algorithm, called Neighbor Nodes of Proteins (NNP), for recognizing protein complexes by considering their topology information. Experiments show that the algorithm can identify more protein complexes and more accurately. The recognition of protein complexes is vital in research on evolution analysis.Availability and implementation: https://github.com/bioinformatical-code/NNP.