bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipole Moment‐ and Molecular Orbital‐Engineered Phosphine Oxide‐Free Host Materials for Efficient and Stable Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Ihn Soo‐Ghang , Jeong Daun , Kwon Eun Suk , Kim Sangmo , Chung Yeon Sook , Sim Myungsun , Chwae Jun , Koishikawa Yasushi , Jeon Soon Ok , Kim Jong Soo , Kim Joonghyuk , Nam Sungho , Kim Inkoo , Park Sangho , Kim Dae Sin , Choi Hyeonho , Kim Sunghan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo utilize thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) technology for future displays, it is necessary to develop host materials which harness the full potential of blue TADF emitters. However, no publication has reported such hosts yet. Although the most popular host for blue TADF, bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO) guarantees high‐maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) TADF devices, they exhibit very short operational lifetimes. In contrast, long‐lifespan blue TADF devices employing stable hosts such as 3′,5‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐carbonitrile (mCBP‐CN) exhibit much lower EQEmax than the DPEPO‐employed devices. Here, an elaborative approach for designing host molecules is suggested to achieve simultaneously stable and efficient blue TADF devices. The approach is based on engineering the molecular geometry, ground‐ and excited‐state dipole moments of host molecules. The engineered hosts significantly enhance delayed fluorescence quantum yields of TADF emitters, as stabilizing the charge‐transfer excited states of the TADF emitters and suppressing exciton quenching, and improve the charge balance. Moreover, they exhibit both photochemical and electrochemical stabilities. The best device employing one of the engineered hosts exhibits 79% increase in EQEmax compared to the mCBP‐CN‐employed device, together with 140% and 92‐fold increases in operational lifetime compared to the respective mCBP‐CN‐ and the DPEPO‐based devices.
Multi‐Component Collaborative Step‐by‐Step Coloring Strategy to Achieve High‐Performance Light‐Responsive Color‐Switching
Authors: Du Zhen , Zhang Ting , Gai Hanqi , Sheng Lan , Guan Yu , Wang Xiaojun , Qin Tianyou , Li Minjie , Wang Shuo , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Nie Hui , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLight‐responsive color‐switching materials (LCMs) are long‐lasting hot fields. However, non‐ideal comprehensive performance (such as color contrast and retention time cannot be combined, unsatisfactory repeatability, and non‐automated coloring mode) significantly hinder their development toward high‐end products. Herein, the development of LCMs that exhibit long retention time, good color contrast, repeatability, and the property of automatic coloring is reported. The realization of this goal stems from the adoption of a bio‐inspired multi‐component collaborative step‐by‐step coloring strategy. Under this strategy, a conventional one‐step photochromic process is divided into a “light+heat” controlled multi‐step process for the fabrication of the desired LCMs. The obtained LCMs can effectively resist the long‐troubled ambient‐light interference and avoid its inherent yellow background, thereby achieving the longest retention time and good repeatability. Multiple colors are generated and ultra‐fast imaging compatible with the laser‐printing technology is also realized. The application potential of the materials in short‐term reusable identity cards, absorptive readers, billboards, and shelf labels is demonstrated. The results reported herein can potentially help in developing and designing various high‐performance, switchable materials that can be used for the production of high‐end products.
In Situ Formed Ag‐Li Intermetallic Layer for Stable Cycling of All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Choi Hong Jun , Kang Dong Woo , Park Jun‐Woo , Park Jun‐Ho , Lee Yoo‐Jin , Ha Yoon‐Cheol , Lee Sang‐Min , Yoon Seog Young , Kim Byung Gon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the timely advent of the electric vehicle era, where battery stability has emerged as a major issue, all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted significant attention as the game changer owing to their high stability. However, despite the introduction of a densely packed solid electrolyte (SE) layer, when Li is used to increase the energy density of the cell, the short‐circuit problem caused by Li protrusion is unavoidable. Furthermore, most strategies to control nonuniform Li growth are so complicated that they hinder the practical application of ASSBs. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an Ag‐Li alloy anode via mass‐producible roll pressing method. Unlike previous studies reporting solid‐solution‐based metal alloys containing a small amount of lithiophilic Ag, the in situ formed and Ag‐enriched Ag‐Li intermetallic layer mitigates uneven Li deposition and maintains a stable SE/Ag‐Li interface, facilitating reversible Li operation. Contrary to Li cells showing frequent initial short‐circuit, the cell incorporating the Ag‐Li anode exhibits a better capacity retention of 94.3% for 140 cycles, as well as stable cycling even under 12 C. Through a facile approach enabling the fabrication of a large‐area anode with controllable Li growth, this study provides practical insight for developing ASSBs with stable cyclabilities.
From Mesoscopic Functionalization of Silk Fibroin to Smart Fiber Devices for Textile Electronics and Photonics
Authors: Wu Ronghui , Ma Liyun , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBombyx mori silk fibers exhibit significant potential for applications in smart textiles, such as fiber sensors, fiber actuators, optical fibers, and energy harvester. Silk fibroin (SF) from B. mori silkworm fibers can be reconstructed/functionalized at the mesoscopic scale during refolding from the solution state into fibers. This facilitates the mesoscopic functionalization by engaging functional seeds in the refolding of unfolded SF molecules. In particular, SF solutions can be self‐assembled into regenerated fiber devices by artificial spinning technologies, such as wet spinning, dry spinning, microfluidic spinning, electrospinning, and direct writing. Meso‐functionalization manipulates the SF property from the mesoscopic scale, transforming the original silk fibers into smart fiber devices with smart functionalities, such as sensors, actuators, optical fibers, luminous fibers, and energy harvesters. In this review, the progress of mesoscopic structural construction from SF materials to fiber electronics/photonics is comprehensively summarized, along with the spinning technologies and fiber structure characterization methods. The applications, prospects, and challenges of smart silk fibers in textile devices for wearable personalized healthcare, self‐propelled exoskeletons, optical and luminous fibers, and sustainable energy harvesters are also discussed.
Tailoring Crystallization Kinetics of Chalcogenides for Photonic Applications
Authors: Müller Maximilian J. , Yadav Aakash , Persch Christoph , Wahl Sophia , Hoff Felix , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChalcogenides possess interesting optical properties, which are attractive for a variety of applications such as data storage, neuromorphic computing, and photonic switches. Lately a group of covalently bonded chalcogenides including Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3 has moved into the focus of interest for such photonic applications, where high optical contrast as well as reliable and fast switching is of crucial importance. Here, these properties of Sb2Se3 are examined and compared with typical phase change materials such as GeSb2Te4 and Ge2Sb2Te5. Sb2Se3 is favorable for many photonic applications due to its larger band gap, yet, the maximum optical contrast achievable is smaller than for GeTe and Ge2Sb2Te5. Furthermore, crystallization needs significantly longer and exhibits a distinctively wider stochastic distribution of reflectances after crystallization, which provides challenges for the usage in photonic applications. At the same time, the glassy/amorphous state of Sb2Se3 is more stable. These differences can be attributed to differences in bonding of the crystalline state, which is more covalent for Sb2Se3. A quantum‐chemical map can help to understand and explain these trends and facilitates the design of tailored materials for photonic applications.
NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides Grown on a Corrosion‐Cell Cathode for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Wei , Xu Hongjie , Luan Hengwei , Chen Na , Gong Pan , Yao Kefu , Shen Yang , Shao Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor sustainable hydrogen production, electrochemical water splitting is a promising method whose efficiency is limited by its anodic reaction, i.e., the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). One of the best electrocatalysts for the OER is the self‐supported nickel–iron layered double hydroxides on iron foam (NiFe‐LDH@IF) prepared by corrosion engineering. However, the further development of NiFe‐LDH@IF is hampered by a lack of understanding regarding the growth mechanism and the effects of corrosion conditions on the electrocatalytic activity. Herein, the growth mechanism is studied, revealing for the first time that NiFe‐LDH@IF is formed by the preferential precipitation of NiFe‐LDH on the NiFe‐alloy cathode around which the local pH is high due to the reduction of dissolved oxygen. Guided by this growth mechanism, it is found that corrosion conditions mainly affect the electrocatalytic activity of NiFe‐LDH@IF via changing the amount of α‐FeOOH and NiFe‐LDH along with the Fe2+‐doping level of NiFe‐LDH. With the aid of these findings, corrosion conditions are optimized and the prepared NiFe‐LDH@IF exhibits the best reported comprehensive electrocatalytic performance. More importantly, the growth mechanism of NiFe‐LDH@IF can be generalized to various self‐supported LDH on different substrates prepared by corrosion engineering.
Inverse Opaline Metallic Membrane Addresses the Tradeoff Between Volumetric Capacitance and Areal Capacitance of Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Wang Wenshuo , Wang Lei , Guo Qianyi , Hu Hong , Xie Chuan , Shang Jian , Xu Junling , Zhang Yaokang , Zheng Zijian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasing the electrode thickness of energy‐storage devices can enhance the areal capacitance, but often results in a significant decrease in the volumetric capacitance. This tradeoff between the volumetric capacitance and electrode thickness, which is ascribed to the poor ion and charge transport in thick electrodes, has been a major obstacle to realizing high‐energy‐density of devices. Herein, an inverse opaline metallic membrane (IOMM) is reported as a stable and high‐rate electrode, which displays a linear increase in volumetric capacitance as a function of electrode thickness. The IOMM is fabricated through simple self‐assembly, photopolymerization, and subsequent chemical co‐deposition of metallic compounds to yield a 3D porous and interconnected construct of highly conductive and capacitive Ni/Ni(OH)2. IOMM can be used as a binder‐free and current‐collector‐free electrode of SC, which possesses an outstanding volumetric capacitance of more than 1500 F cm−3over 18 000 charge/discharge cycles, and an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 18.2 F cm−2.
Conversion of Knill–Laflamme–Milburn Entanglement to Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger Entanglement in Decoherence‐Free Subspace
Authors: Chen Lei , Xiu Xiao‐Ming , Dong Li , Zhang Shou , Su Shi‐Lei , Chen Shu , Liang Er‐Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the process of quantum information processing, decoherence effect caused by the coupling between system and its environment will no doubt lead to the error of quantum information stored in the system. To decrease the influence of decoherence effect, decoherence‐free subspace (DFS) is introduced. In this work, several schemes to convert the polarized‐entangled Knill–Laflamme–Milburn (KLM) states into Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states in DFS by using the weak cross‐Kerr nonlinearity are proposed. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed schemes have high fidelity and success probability. Due to the unique applications of multi‐qubit quantum entangled states in quantum information processing and the robust feature of DFS, the proposed schemes may play positive roles in the future development of quantum communication and quantum information processing tasks.
Measuring water affordability and the financial capability of utilities
Authors: Patterson Lauren A. , Doyle Martin W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cost of providing water services is increasing, placing greater financial burdens on individual households and utilities. Five metrics were calculated at multiple volumes of water usage and were applied to 1791 utilities, estimating bills from 2020 rates data, to gauge financial burdens in four states. More than a fifth of the population in 77% of utilities was experiencing poverty, suggesting widespread poverty is a major contributor to utility financial capability challenges. The Income Dedicated to Water Service metric was developed to understand how many households share a similar financial burden, exploring both the depth and prevalence of affordability challenges. Depending on water use, a tenth to a third of households work more than a day each month to afford water bills. This approach and an interactive visualization tool bring greater transparency to understand the scale of affordability and financial capability challenges (https://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/water-affordability/water-affordability-dashboard).
Do children who exhibit food selectivity prefer to save the best (bite) for last?
Authors: Borrero John C. , Rosenblum Amy K. , Castillo Mariana I. , Spann Matthew W. , Borrero Carrie S. W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPreference for patterns of outcomes that improve over time is termed negative time preference, in economics. In lay terms, this concept equates to “saving the best for last.” Generally, adults tend to prefer to postpone their more preferred outcomes when options are presented as a sequence of events. Event sequencing seems particularly relevant for children who exhibit food refusal or selectivity. Preference for the sequencing of bites when an array involved preferred and relatively non‐preferred foods was evaluated. Participants experienced pre‐programed bite sequences that improved, worsened, or remained fixed across trials, and we assessed participants' preference for each of the bite sequences. Three of the four participants preferred bite sequences that began with a highly preferred food and either worsened or remained fixed over time, whereas one participant preferred the improving sequence of bite presentation, or in other words, one participant preferred to “save the best for last.”
Comprehensive treatment experience of anal squamous cell carcinoma from a tertiary cancer center in South China
Authors: Yuan Yan , Xie Wei‐Hao , Li Rong‐Zhen , Chang Hui , Zeng Zhi‐Fan , Gao Yuan‐Hong , Wang Qiao‐Xuan , Xiao Wei‐Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare malignant tumor with increasing incidence. The goal of our study was to analyze the treatment outcome and prognostic factors of ASCC in South China in the past half‐century.MethodsThis study retrospectively included 59 patients with ASCC admitted from 1975 to 2018 in Sun Yat‐sen University cancer center. The clinical records and follow‐up information of all patients were collected. Survival analysis and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using the “survival” and “survminer” packages of R software.ResultsIn 59 patients, 5 patients had distant metastasis at diagnosis. Among 54 M0 stage patients, 33 patients received chemoradiotherapy (CRT), 19 patients received local surgery, and 2 patients refused curative treatment and received the best supportive treatment (BST). The most common grade 3–4 acute toxicities during treatment were myelosuppression and radiation dermatitis. The median follow‐up time was 32 months. For the whole group, the 3‐year and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates and disease‐free survival (DFS) were 71.1% and 63.6%, and 73.4% and 69.0%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the T3–4 stage was an independent prognostic risk factor for OS, progression‐free survival (PFS), and DFS. And M1 was an independent prognostic risk factor for PFS and DFS. Patients in stage M0 mainly treated with CRT had better local control than those mainly treated with surgery (p = 0.027). For M0 patients, induction chemotherapy combined with CRT tends to prolong OS compared with CRT alone (p = 0.26). The 3‐year colostomy‐free survival for the whole group was 81.1%.ConclusionsCRT is recommended as the first choice for the treatment of M0 stage ASCC. Induction chemotherapy may bring better survival benefits for some patients. Patients with ASCC in China seem to have a better local control rate, which suggested different treatment strategies may be needed in China.
Developing a high‐throughput method to screen soybean germplasm for hypoxia tolerance in a hydroponic system
Authors: Harrison Derrick , De Oliveira Maria Roberta , Wu Chengjun , Florez‐Palacios Liliana , Acuna Andrea , da Silva Marcos Paulo , Ravelombola Seconde Francia , Winter Joshua , Brye Kristofor , Dickson Ryan , Rojas Alejandro , Chen Pengyin , Nguyen Henry , Mozzoni Leandro Angel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurrent field screening methods for soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] flood tolerance are time‐ and labor‐intensive. The purpose of this research was to develop a method of screening soybean in a low‐O2 and CO2–rich treatment using hydroponic culture in a greenhouse setting. Growth media, solution, and plant response were evaluated at various days after termination of gas treatment (DAT). Initially, a flood‐susceptible genotype at early vegetative stage was subjected to a hypoxic treatment, displacing O2 by bubbling CO2 into the system for 5 d. The methodology was tested with 33 soybean genotypes, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil–plant analysis development (SPAD), and foliar damage score (FDS) were measured. Then, the reaction of 17 genotypes was compared between hydroponic and field conditions. Expanded clay pebbles were identified as the best substrate for the screening method, as germination rate was not different from control. Gas treatment was shown to affect the level of dissolved O2 in solution and to elicit phenotypic responses, of which NDVI was the most effective for differentiating germplasm, with an average of 0.29 and 0.69 for the CO2 treatment and ambient air control, respectively (p < .0001). Also, repeatability of NDVI response across genotypes was 94.5%. Finally, preliminary field validation supported the ability of this new hydroponic methodology to separate susceptible and tolerant genotypes under hypoxia and water‐logged conditions.
The feasibility of disposable video‐bronchoscopes, Ambu aScope3, for exploration of the common bile duct and extraction of stones
Authors: Kalipershad Sujala N. R. , Subar Daren A. , Date Ravindra S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the feasibility of using the Ambu aScope3 (aScope) for common bile duct (CBD) explorations, stone detection and extraction, as well as to assess feasibility of its use through the laparoscopic ports in a low‐volume centre.MethodsThis is a dual centre prospective study, conducted between February 2015 and August 2019, of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. Ethical approval was obtained from the North West ‐ Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee. All patients were counselled on the use of the aScope in clinic, prior to surgery. The Primary endpoints were the ability of the aScope to identify CBD stones, perform a cholangiogram through the available channel, retrieve the stones using a Dormia basket and to visualise second generation biliary radicles satisfactorily. The secondary endpoint was the use of the aScope, via a laparoscopic port without a gas leak. The data collected included patient demographics, need for a CBD exploration, intraoperative confirmation of CBD stones and their safe extraction using an aScope.ResultsA total of nine patients were recruited. The aScope provided satisfactory views in eight of nine patients and enabled the safe extraction of CBD stones in six of nine cases. One patient had a bile leak, and another had a transected CBD prior to the use of the aScope.ConclusionWe found that the aScope is a safe, feasible alternative to a choledochoscope, and in a low‐volume centre, it provides a financially viable option.
Conceptual and practical issues limit the utility of statistical estimators of phenological events
Authors: Iler Amy M. , Humphrey Parris T. , Ogilvie Jane E. , CaraDonna Paul J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWidespread shifts in phenological events in response to climate change have inspired phenological monitoring programs and new methods for analyzing sparse phenological data. For example, the Weibull distribution is increasingly used to estimate the dates of hard‐to‐observe phenological events, such as first and last flowering dates, in sparsely or unsystematically sampled data sets. In contrast, recent application of the Weibull estimator to an intensely and systematically sampled flowering phenology data set unexpectedly found different results than a previous analysis of the observed dates; at issue is whether different aspects of phenological curves shift uniformly or disparately. We used this case study to (1) raise conceptual and technical issues around when and how to infer phenological events using Weibull (or other) estimates, and (2) re‐analyze the data set in question with these considerations in mind. Our re‐analysis using the Weibull estimator shows that first, peak, and last flowering dates shift disparately through time, supporting the original analysis of the observed dates. We show that off‐the‐shelf usage of statistical estimators to generalize about an unsampled population may be inappropriate without considering how well sampled the focal study population is and how biological features such as habitat heterogeneity influence the natural scope of the unsampled population.