bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserved T-cell Response in anti-CD20 Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Authors: Faissner Simon , Heitmann Neele , Rohling Ricarda , Ceylan Ulas , Bongert Marielena , Marheinecke Corinna , Pedreiturria Xiomara , Ayzenberg Ilya , Hellwig Kerstin , Schmitz Ingo , Pfänder Stephanie , Gold Ralf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has tremendous implications for the management of patients with autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) under immune therapies targeting CD20+ B cells (aCD20). We here investigated humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 WT and delta variant and T cell responses of aCD20-treated MS patients following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared to healthy controls. aCD20-treated MS patients had lower anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike titers, which correlated with B-cell repopulation. Sera of aCD20 treated patients had reduced capacity to neutralize WT and delta pseudoviruses in vitro. On the contrary, aCD20 treated patients elicited higher frequencies of CD3+ T cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Tc1 cells and CD8+IFN-γ+IL-2+ cells. In summary, aCD20 treated patients have a reduced humoral immune response, depending on B cell repopulation, in accordance with a shift of cellular immune response to a stronger Th1, Th2 and Tc1 phenotype, suggesting strong cellular protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Mosquito Host-Seeking Diel Rhythm and Chemosensory Gene Expression is Affected by Age and Plasmodium Stages
Authors: Hajkazemian Melika , Hill Sharon R. , Mozūraitis Raimondas , Ranford-Cartwright Lisa , Emami S. Noushin , Ignell Rickard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Malaria parasites can affect vector-related behaviours, increasing transmission success. Using Anopheles gambiae and Plasmodium falciparum, we consider the effect of interaction between infection stage and vector age on diel locomotion in response to human odour and the expression of antennal chemosensory genes. We demonstrate age-dependent behavioural diel compartmentalisation by uninfected females. Infection disrupts overall and diel activity patterns compared with age-matched controls. Mosquitoes carrying transmissible sporozoites are more active, shifting activity periods to coincide with human host availability, in response to human odour. Older, uninfected females reduce activity during their peak host-seeking period in response to human odour. Age- and infection stage-specific changes in odour-mediated locomotion coincide with altered transcript abundance of select chemosensory genes providing a possible molecular mechanism regulating the behaviour. Our results support the hypothesis that vector-related behaviours of female mosquitoes are altered by infection stage and further modulated by the age of the vector, and have important implications for malaria transmission and disease dynamics.
An in Vitro Study on The Antimicrobial Activity and Antioxidant Activities of The Extract of A Seaweed, Enteromorpha Intestinalis Against Certain Pathogens
Authors: Gomathy J , L Jayalakshmi , J Jayanthi , Ragunathan M.G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Seaweeds are potential bio resources of marine ecosystem and they are the producers of marine ecological energy chain and also possess many bioactive compounds with them. The seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis is the plant material chosen for the study and was collected from the Pulicat estuary. The collected seaweeds were processed to synthesise nanoparticles out of them and the synthesised silver nanoparticle’s in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The antibacterial activity was determined by the action against Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Micrococcus luteus. Similarly the in vitro antifungal effect was also explored against Candida albicans, Trichoderma viridae, Aspergillus niger, Rizhopus sp and Penicillium notatum. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger were found to be highly susceptible to the synthesised nanoparticles. When the antioxidant efficacy of synthesized nanoparticle was tested using different methods such as DPPH and ABTS it was observed that they possessed appreciable antioxidant property whose efficiency was correlated with their respective positive standards. These investigations illustrated the potential effects of the seaweed E. intestinalis for using them as an active antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.
Obeticholic Acid Protects Against Cholestatic Liver Injury Induced by Lithocholic Acid via Inhibiting Exogenous Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Zhu Yangping , Wang Changling , Yu Jingyi , Miao Yingying , Chai Yuanyuan , Jiang Zhenzhou , Yu Qinwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Lithocholic acid (LCA) is one kind of endogenous bile acids which is a typical index in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). It could cause severe cholestatic liver injury in rodents. Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a major treatment for PBC. However, its effect and mechanism in LCA-induced liver injury was still unclear beside of bile acid regulation. This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of OCA against LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury. Results: LCA-induced upregulations of ALT, AST, ALP and TBA were reduced and the bile acid profiles in serum, liver and bile were improved significantly by OCA. This bile acid regulating effect of OCA was mainly based on increasing the expression of bile acid efflux transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistant associated protein 2 (MRP2), MRP3 and multi-drug resistance 3 (MDR3) instead of bile acid synthesis inhibition. Furthermore, it was found that OCA reduced the activation and expression of Caspase 8/3 signaling pathway without the change of p-MLKL and BAX in LCA-induced cholestatic model. And the inhibition of Caspase 8/3 signaling pathway depended on the activation of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) to inhibit Caspase 8 cleavage to form a active complex.Conclusions: This study found OCA improved LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury via FXR-induced exogenous cell apoptosis, which provided a new evidence for the application of OCA to ameliorate PBC in clinical.
Environmental Assessment in the Pre-launch Phase of Hayabusa2 for Safety Declaration of Returned Samples From Asteroid (162173) Ryugu: Background Monitoring of Possible Contaminants During Development of the Sampler System
Authors: Sakamoto Kanako , Takano Yoshinori , Sawada Hirotaka , Okazaki Ryuji , Noguchi Takaaki , Uesugi Masayuki , Yano Hajime , Yada Toru , Abe Masanao , Tachibana Shogo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report the ground-based environmental assessments during development of the sampler system until the launch of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We conducted static monitoring of potential contaminants to assess the environmental cleanliness during (1) laboratory work throughout the development and manufacturing of the sampler devices, (2) installation of the sampler system on the spacecraft, and (3) transportation to the launch site at the JAXA’s Tanegashima Space Center. Major elements and ions detected in our inorganic analysis were sodium (Na), potassium (K), and ionized chloride (Cl–); those were positively correlated with the total organic content and with exposure duration in the range from 101 to 103 nanogram per monitor coupon within a ~30 mm-diameter scale. We confirmed that deposits on the coupon were totally less than the microgram-scale order during manufacturing, installation, and transportation in the pre-launch phase. The present assessment yields a nominal safety declaration for sample analysis of the pristine sample (>5 g) returned from asteroid (162173) Ryugu combined with a highly clean environmental background level. We expect that the Hayabusa2-returned sample from Ryugu without severe and/or unknown contamination will allow us to provide native profiles recorded in the carbonaceous asteroid history.
Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire: Psychometric Validation with a Portuguese Sample
Authors: Ferreira Jacqueline , Magalhães Ana C. , Bem-Haja Pedro , Alho Laura , Silva Carlos F. , Soares Sandra C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Individual differences in one’s perceived vulnerability to disease are implicated in psychological distress, social and behavioral disease avoidance phenomena. The Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVD) is the most extensively used measure when it comes to assessing subjective vulnerability to infectious diseases. However, this measure is not yet accessible to the Portuguese population. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the PVD with 136 Portuguese participants.
Methods

Factorial, convergent and discriminant validity (of both the scale and between each factor), and reliability analysis were assessed.
Results

A modified bifactorial model, comprised of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion factors, was obtained, with acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and good internal consistencies.
Conclusions

Overall, the 10-items European-Portuguese PVD appears to be a reliable and valid measure of one’s perceived vulnerability to disease, with potential relevance for application in both research and clinical practice pertaining to disease-avoidance processes.
Service Process Factors Affecting Patients’ and Clinicians’ Experiences on Rapid Teleconsultation Implementation in Out-patient Neurology Services during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Meng Guangxia , McAiney Carrie , Perlman Christopher M. , McKillop Ian , Tisseverasinghe Therese , Chen Helen H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrior to the COVID-19 outbreak, the adoption of teleconsultation for outpatient neurology services was limited. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many outpatient neurology services have rapidly switched to teleconsultation worldwide. However, it remains unclear how this change has impacted patients' and clinicians' perceptions of service quality. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify process factors that influence patients' and clinicians' experiences of outpatient teleconsultation services during COVID-19.MethodsArksey and O’Malley scoping review framework was used to search PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo for original peer-reviewed research studies that examined the experiences of synchronous teleconsultation between a clinician and patient in a home-setting since the World Health organization announced the COVID-19 global pandemic. The service quality model SERVQUAL was used to conduct a deductive thematic analysis to identify the key factors that impacted the patients’ and clinicians’’ perception of teleconsultation services. Results A total of nineteen studies published between January 1, 2020, and April 17, 2021, were identified. The most common service process factors affecting the patients' and clinicians' experiences of teleconsultation were technical issues, addressing logistical needs, communication, ability to perform clinical activities, appropriate triage, and administrative support. Conclusions Our findings identified six key service process factors affecting the patients' and clinicians' teleconsultation experiences in outpatient neurology services. The need for a new triage system and standardizing administrative virtual care workflow are identified as important steps to improve patients and clinicians’ teleconsultation experiences compared to pre-COVID. More research is needed to assess outpatient neurology teleconsultation service quality from patients' and clinicians' perspectives.
Brightness change is optimal stimulus for parasol retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Pinchuk Artem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnocellular-projecting retinal ganglion cells show spike response in two cases. Firstly, as a result of presentation of the optimal stimulus. Secondly, rebound excitation when removing the opposite stimulus. Also, there are studies suggesting that rebound excitation meets conditions to participate in visual perception at the same sensitivity and reaction speed as a response to the optimal stimulus. Thus, white noise stimulation creates possibility to catch the form of a smooth transition from one type of response to another. Using freely available data, a spike-triggered behavior map was built that does not show the area of silence between those two types of spike triggers. Moreover, linear filter with biphasic temporal properties which work as the derivative kernel demonstrate that both responses are two sides of the same coin. Thus, it is suggested to determine the optimal stimulus for magnocellular-projecting retinal ganglion cells as brightness change according to concentric center–surround receptive field structure.
Moisture Sources for Precipitation Variability over the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Horan Matthew , Batibeniz Fulden , Kucharski Fred , Almazroui Mansour , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Fu Joshua , Ashfaq Moetasim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We apply a Lagrangian-based moisture back trajectory method on two reanalysis datasets to determine the moisture sources for wet season precipitation over the Arabian Peninsula, defined as land on the Asian Continent to the south of the Turkish border and west of Iran. For this purpose, we make use of evaporative source region between 65°W–120°E and 30°S–60°N which is divided into twelve sub-regions. Our results indicate a north to south spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the characteristics of dominant moisture sources. In the north, moisture for precipitation is mostly sourced from European land and major water bodies, such as Mediterranean and Caspian Seas. Areas further south dependent on moisture transport from the Western Indian Ocean and parts of the African continent. El Nino Southern Oscillation cycle (ENSO) oscillation exhibits an overall positive but sub-seasonally varying influence on the precipitation variability over the region with mostly positive moisture anomalies form all major source regions. A significant drying trend exists over parts of the Peninsula, which is partly attributed to anomalies in the moisture advection from the Congo Basin and South Atlantic Ocean. However, precipitation trends over the terrestrial part of evaporative source region vary across observations and reanalysis datasets, which warrants the need for additional modeling studies to further our understanding in the identification of key processes contributing to the negative trends.
SARS-CoV-2 Herd Immunity of the Kyrgyz Population in 2021
Authors: Popova Anna Y. , Kasymov Omor T. , Smolenski Vyacheslav Y. , Смирнов Вячеслав , Egorova Svetlana A. , Nurmatov Zuridin S. , Milichkina Anzhelika M. , Suranbaeva Gulmira S. , Khamitova Irina V. , Zueva Elena V. , Ivanov Valery A. , Nuridinova Zhanylai N. , Derkenbaeva Aisuluu А. , Drobyshevskaya Victoria G. , Sattarova Gulsun Z. , Gubanova Alexandra V. , Zhimbaeva Oyuna B. , Razumovskaya Alexandra Р. , Verbov Vyacheslav N. , Likhachev Ivan V. , Totolian Areg A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background. In the fight against coronavirus infection, an important direction is control of herd immunity to the pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity is formed naturally as a result of manifest or asymptomatic infection, or artificially as a result of vaccination Aim: To assess the SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity status of the Kyrgyz population. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional, randomized study of SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity was carried out according to a program developed by Rospotrebnadzor, with the participation of the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. In all study stages cloud service (internet) technologies were used. The ethics committees of the Preventive Medicine Association (Kyrgyzstan) and the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute (Russia) approved the study. A total of 9,471 volunteers were selected, representing 0.15% (95% CI 0.14-0.15) of the total population. They were randomized according to age and region. Antibodies (Abs) to the nucleocapsid antigen (Nag) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of volunteer blood plasma. For vaccinated individuals, Abs to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antigen (RBDag) were determined. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Excel 2010 and other programs. Differences were designated as statistically significant at p<0.05. Results. The seroprevalence of the general population was 48.7% (95% CI 47.7-49.7), with a maximum in the group of '60-69 year old' (59.2% (56.6-61.7)) and a minimum in the group '1-17 y.o.' (32.7% (95 CI 29.4-36.1)). The largest proportion seropositive was found in the Chui region (51.3% (95% CI 47.9-54.8)). The lowest was in Osh city (38.1% (95 CI 32.6-43.9)). The maximum seropositivity was detected among healthcare workers (57.1% (95% CI 55.4-58.8); the minimum was noted among artists (38.6% (95% CI 26.0-52.4)). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 79.1% (96% CI 77.9-80.3). Vaccination with Sputnik V, EpiVacCorona, or Sinopharm formed comparable levels of immunity. Conclusions. The herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Nag is 48.75% (95% CI 47.7-49.7), and the overall immunity (Nag + RBDag) is 57%.
The Impact of Educational Concerns and Satisfaction on Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Distress and Quality of Life During the Covid-19 Pandemic. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Flølo Tone Nygaard , Gjeilo Kari Hanne , Andersen John Roger , Haraldstad Kristin , Hjelmeland Inger Helene Hardeland , Iversen Marjolein Memelink , Løyland Borghild , Norekvål Tone Merete , Riiser Kirsti , Rohde Gudrun , Urstad Kristin Hjortland , Utne Inger , Beisland Elisabeth Grov 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHigh levels of psychological distress and poor overall quality of life (QOL) have been identified among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic necessitated improvised reconstructions of educational curriculums and restrictions in clinical placement and training at campuses, possibly reducing educational quality. ObjectivesWe explored whether baccalaureate nursing students’ concerns and satisfaction with the educational curriculum, focusing on the conduct of clinical training, were associated with perceived psychological distress and overall QOL.Methods Baccalaureate nursing students (N=6088) from five Norwegian universities were invited to an internet-based, cross-sectional survey during the second wave of the pandemic. The survey included COVID-19 specific questions on health, education and clinical training, the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-5) and overall QOL. Data from national surveys on satisfaction with the educational curriculum, before and during the pandemic were used for comparison.Results In total, 2605 (43%) students responded, of whom 1591 (61%) had been engaged in clinical training during the pandemic. Overall, 53% were either satisfied or fully satisfied with their educational curriculum, with the level of satisfaction being significantly lower than pre-pandemic reference values. Also, 79% were concerned or highly concerned about the educational quality. In multiple regression analyses for all students, lower levels of satisfaction and higher levels of quality concerns were associated with worse SCL-5 scores. Furthermore, satisfaction with the educational curriculum was positively associated with overall QOL. For students engaged in clinical training, only concerns about infecting others were additionally associated with psychological distress. None of the items related to clinical training were associated with overall QOL. Conclusion Nursing students’ educational satisfaction and quality concerns may significantly impact perceived psychological distress and overall QOL during a pandemic. However, with necessary adaptations implemented, concerns regarding the conduct of clinical training account for little of these associations.
Effects of Sporisorium Reiliana Polysaccharides and Phoenix Dactylifera Monosaccharides on the Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolism in Mice with Fructose-Induced Hyperuricaemia
Authors: Zhang Zhixuan , Wang Ziyan , Lu Chenyang , Zhou Jun , Han Jiaojiao , Su Xiurong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of hyperuricaemia has increased, and dietary fructose is an important risk factor for the development of this disease. This study investigated and compared the effects of Sphacelotheca reiliana polysaccharides and Phoenix dactylifera monosaccharides on a series of physiological and biochemical indicators and on metagenomes and serum metabolites in mice with hyperuricaemia caused by a high-fructose diet. S. reiliana polysaccharides inhibited uric acid biosynthesis and promoted uric acid excretion, thereby alleviating the hyperuricaemia phenotype. In addition, hyperuricaemia was closely related to the gut microbiota. After treatment with S. reiliana polysaccharides, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in the mouse intestines was decreased, the expression of genes involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways and purine metabolism was downregulated, and the dysfunction of the gut microbiota was alleviated. With regard to serum metabolism, the abundance of hippuric acid, uridine, kynurenic acid, propionic acid and arachidonoyl decreased, and the abundance of serum metabolites in inflammatory pathways involved in kidney injury and gout, such as bile acid metabolism, purine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism pathways, decreased. P. dactylifera monosaccharides aggravated hyperuricaemia. This research provides a valuable reference for the development of sugar applications.