bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of T cell checkpoint pathways during β-cell antigen presentation by engineered dendritic cells promotes protection of non-obese diabetic mice from type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gudi Radhika R. , Perez Nicolas , Karumuthil-Melethil Subha , Li Gongbo , Vasu Chenthamarakshan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDefective immune regulation has been recognized in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Immune regulatory T cell check-point receptors, which are generally upregulated on activated T cells, have been the molecules of attention as therapeutic targets for enhancing immune response in tumor therapy. We reported that dendritic cells (DCs) that are engineered to express selective ligands for checkpoint receptors can induce effective T cell tolerance in antigen-immunization models. Here, we show that pancreatic β -cell antigen (BcAg) presentation by engineered tolerogenic-DCs (tDCs) that express CTLA4 selective ligand (B7.1wa) or a combination of CTLA4, PD1 and BTLA selective ligands (B7.1wa, PD-L1, and HVEM-CRD1 respectively; multiligand-DCs) causes an increase in regulatory cytokine and T cell (Treg) responses and suppression of the effector T cell function as compared to engineered control-DCs. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice treated with BcAg-pulsed CTLA4-ligand-DCs and multiligand-DCs at pre-diabetic and early-hyperglycmic stages showed significantly lower degree of insulitis, higher frequencies of insulin-positive islets, profound delay in, and reversal of, hyperglycemia for a significant duration. Immune cells from the tDC treated mice not only produced lower amounts of IFNγ and higher amounts of IL10 and TGFβ1 upon BcAg challenge, but also failed to induce hyperglycemia upon adoptive transfer. While both CTLA4-ligand-DCs and multiligand-DCs were effective in inducing tolerance, multiligand-DC treatment produced an overall higher suppressive effect on effector T cell function and disease outcome. These studies show that enhanced engagement of T cell checkpoint receptors during BcAg presentation can modulate T cell function and suppress autoimmunity and progression of the disease in T1D.
Single molecule fingerprinting reveals different amplification properties of α-synuclein oligomers and preformed fibrils in seeding assay
Authors: Lau Derrick , Magnan Chloé , Hill Kathryn , Cooper Antony , Gambin Yann , Sierecki Emma 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe quantification of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates has emerged as a promising biomarker for synucleinopathies. Assays that amplify and detect such aggregates have revealed the presence of seeding-competent species in biosamples of patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. However, multiple species such as oligomers and amyloid fibrils, are formed during the aggregation of α-synuclein and these species are likely to co-exist in biological samples and thus it remains unclear which species(s) are contributing to the signal detected in seeding assays. To identify which species can be detected in seeding assays, recombinant oligomers and preformed fibrils were produced and purified to characterise their individual biochemical and seeding potential. Here, we used single molecule spectroscopy to track the formation and purification of oligomers and fibrils at the single particle level and compare their respective seeding potential in an amplification assay. Single molecule detection validates that size-exclusion chromatography efficiently separates oligomers from fibrils. Oligomers were found to be seeding-competent but our results reveal that their seeding behaviour is very different compared to preformed fibrils in our amplification assay. Overall, our data suggest that even a low number of preformed fibrils present in biosamples are likely to dominate the response in seeding assays.
Numerical evaluation of the exhaust-direction effects on plume flow and helicopter infrared radiation under hover and cruise statuses
Authors: Yang Zongyao , Shan Yong , Zhang Jingzhou 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of exhaust direction on exhaust plume and helicopter infrared radiation in hover and cruise status.

Design/methodology/approach
Four exhaust modes are concerned, and the external flow field and fuselage temperature field are calculated by numerical simulation. The infrared radiation intensity distributions of the four models in hovering and cruising states are computed by the ray-tracing method.

Findings
Under the hover status, the exhaust plume is deflected to flow downward after it exhausts from the nozzle exit, upon the impact of the main-rotor downwash. Besides, the exhaust plume shows a “swirling” movement following the main-rotor rotational direction. The forward-flight flow helps prevent the hot exhaust plume from a collision with the helicopter fuselage generally for the cruise status. In general, the oblique-upward exhaust mode provides moderate infrared radiation intensities in all of the viewing directions, either under the hover or the cruise status. Compared with the hover status, the infrared radiation intensity distribution alters somewhat in cruise.

Originality/value
Illustrating the influences of exhaust direction on plume flow and helicopter infrared radiation and the differences of helicopter infrared radiation under hover and cruise statuses are identified. Finally, an appropriate exhaust mode is proposed to provide a better IR signature distribution.
Determination of airports’ atmospheric mixing height boundaries using operational data
Authors: Dalkıran Alper 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aims to determine the distance and duration to reach airports mixing height of 3,000 feet limit. Airport operations significantly contribute to the aircraft landing and take-off (LTO) cycle. Eurocontrol’s SO6 data sets comprise several abutted segment data to analyse the duration and distance for specific flights.

Design/methodology/approach
Two consequential methods have been used to calculate the distance and destination from the SO6 databases. First, SQL filtering and pivot tables were formed for the required data. Second, over 583,000 data lines for a year of Boeing 747–400 aircraft routes were calculated and filtered for the monthly assessments.

Findings
LTO cycles’ durations have deviated −24% to 76% from the ICAO assumptions. Distance facts determined for specific airports as 2.57 to 3.66 nm for take-off and 5.02 to 23.25 nm for the landing. The average duration of the aircraft’s in mentioned airport take-off are 66 to 74 s and 40 to 50 s; averages have been calculated as 70 to 44 s. Landing durations have been calculated for four different airports as 173 to 476 s.

Practical implications
This study provides a re-evaluation chance for the current assumptions and helps for better assessments. Each airport and aircraft combinations have their duration and distance figures.

Originality/value
This study has calculated the first LTO distances in the literature for the aerodrome. This method applies to all airports, airline fleets and aircraft if the segmented SO6 data are available.
Connectivity is key: holistic sustainability assessment and reporting from the perspective of food manufacturers
Authors: Küchler Rebekka , Herzig Christian 
Published: August 2021

PurposeAs members of the food supply chain, food manufacturers acquire power and hold responsibility for the sustainable transformation of our food systems. Sustainability assessment and reporting frameworks function as instruments to shape sustainable transformation processes. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the suitability for food manufacturing companies and their connectivity with the up- and downstream food supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThe first section of the study explores the need for holistic, company-based sustainability frameworks in the food manufacturing sector from the literature. The second part compares seven frameworks, in terms of content and supply chain connectivity.FindingsFood sector specificity demands the inclusion of topics specific to food systems. Furthermore, none of the investigated frameworks fulfil both food sector specificity and full connectivity with the up- and downstream supply chain.Research limitations/implicationsAs a limitation to this work, comparison of the frameworks at topic level instead of indicator level is considered. The findings call for more harmonised and integrated sustainability assessment throughout the food supply chain.Practical implicationsThe framework a food manufacturer should apply depends on their motivation behind conducting the sustainability assessment and reporting. Evidence is provided from various perspectives and with regard to key issues such as content, certification and communication.Originality/valueNo comparison between sustainability frameworks has been made yet from the supply chain perspective of food manufacturers.
Strategic fit of mergers and acquisitions in Latin American airlines: a two-stage DEA approach
Authors: Wanke Peter , Antunes Jorge Junio Moreira , Correa Henrique Luiz , Tan Yong 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the efficiency determinants of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the context of Latin American airlines based on business-related variables commonly found in the literature. The idea is to identify preferable potential airline matches in light of fleet mix, ownership structure and geographical proximity.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve the objective, all possible combinations of M&A pairs are considered in the analysis, which is developed in a two-stage approach. First, the M&A Data Envelopment Analysis model efficiency and returns-to-scale estimates are computed. Then, robust regression and multinomial logistic regression are respectively used to discriminate these estimates in terms of such business-related variables.FindingsThe results reveal that these different contextual variables significantly impact virtual efficiency and returns-to-scale levels. Private ownership, passenger focus and a better match between aircraft size and demand for flights appear to be key drivers for merged airline efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThe study makes theoretical contributions, though limited to analyzing Latin American airlines only. The use of bootstrapped robust/multinominal logistic regression, compared to the methods adopted by previous literature studies, generates more accurate and robust results related to the efficiency drivers due to its special feature and ability to allow the discrimination of increasing, decreasing, and constant returns to scale in light of a given set of contextual variables.Practical implicationsThis study examines the pure effect of the merging activity on efficiency gains. Not only private ownership but also a hybrid public–private ownership has a positive influence on virtual efficiency, suggesting an important governmental role in promoting M&A in the airline industry.Originality/valueThe authors present an original take on the issue of airline mergers by exploring what are the major drivers possibly involved in efficiency gains of potentially merged (virtual) airlines. The authors identify preferable potential airline matches where efficiency gains would be positive in light of business-related variables such as fleet mix, ownership structure and geographical proximity. The analysis also includes an assessment of the impact of contextual variables such as cargo type, ownership structure and geographical proximity in relation to the strategic fit of mergers considering the resulting efficiency and returns-to-scale scores of virtually merged airlines. To the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has addressed these issues in Latin American airlines. Further research directions for this industry are also discussed.
Design of bilayer graphene nanoribbon tunnel field effect transistor
Authors: Vobulapuram Ramesh Kumar , Shaik Javid Basha , P. Venkatramana , Mekala Durga Prasad , Lingayath Ujwala 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design novel tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs).

Design/methodology/approach
To design the proposed TFET, the bilayer GNRs (BLGNRs) have been used as the channel material. The BLGNR-TFET is designed in QuantumATK, depending on 2-D Poisson’s equation and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism.

Findings
The performance of the proposed BLGNR-TFET is investigated in terms of current and voltage (I-V) characteristics and transconductance. Moreover, the proposed device performance is compared with the monolayer GNR-TFET (MLGNR-TFET). From the simulation results, it is investigated that the BLGNR-TFET shows high current and gain over the MLGNR-TFET.

Originality/value
This paper presents a new technique to design GNR-based TFET for future low power very large-scale integration (VLSI) devices.
Producing work-ready commercial art graduates: stakeholders' perceptions
Authors: Sarpong-Nyantakyi Josephine , Osei-Poku Patrick , Eshun Eric Francis 
Published: August 2021

PurposeGraduate unemployment is widely reported not only in Ghana but also across the globe. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the HND Commercial Art Programme, Graphic Design (CAPGD) option, to the graphic art industry and to determine the work readiness of graduates of HND CAPGD at the world of work.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative, evaluative case study research design was adopted to examine the perspectives of stakeholders of CAPGD. It was a multiple case study, which involved faculty members, graduates and industry-based supervisors. The study was conducted using in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to obtain in-depth interpretations and conclusions that reflected the perceptions of the stakeholders.FindingsThe qualitative results indicate that the existing curriculum, based on the old polytechnic educational system, does not provide adequate practical approach to teaching and learning processes. Hence the majority of graduates lack competencies to meet industry's expectations.Research limitations/implicationsThe key limitation is lack of database on the HND Graphic Design graduates at Takoradi Technical University. This affected the data collection process as the HND Graphic Design graduate participants were not easily accessible, and, as such, much effort and risk were required to contact them. Considering the implication for education policy, the findings propose stakeholders' collaboration to ensure cross fertilization of ideas (Nwajiuba et al., 2020). Hence, a compilation of database could engender further study in this area and thus form the bases of a mixed method approach resulting in in-depth analysis for fresh insights into the study.Originality/valueThe findings provide unique insights into work readiness of Commercial Art graduates, specifically in Ghana, as it seeks to bridge a gap in literature.
Thermosolutal natural convection in a partly porous cavity with sinusoidal wall heating and cooling
Authors: Omara Abdeslam , Touiker Mouna , Bourouis Abderrahim 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to consider numerical analysis of laminar double-diffusive natural convection inside a non-homogeneous closed medium composed of a saturated porous matrix and a clear binary fluid under spatial sinusoidal heating/cooling on one side wall and uniform salting.

Design/methodology/approach
The domain of interest is a partially square porous enclosure with sinusoidal wall heating and cooling. The fluid flow, heat and mass transfer dimensionless governing equations associated with the corresponding boundary conditions are discretized using the finite volume method. The resulting algebraic equations are solved by an in-house FORTRAN code and the SIMPLE algorithm to handle the non-linear character of conservation equations. The validity of the in-house FORTRAN code is checked by comparing the current results with previously published experimental and numerical works. The effect of the porous layer thickness, the spatial frequency of heating and cooling, the Darcy number, the Rayleigh number and the porous to fluid thermal conductivity ratio is analyzed.

Findings
The results demonstrate that for high values of the spatial frequency of heating and cooling (f = 7), temperature contours show periodic variations with positive and negative values providing higher temperature gradient near the thermally active wall. In this case, the temperature variation is mainly in the porous layer, while the temperature of the clear fluid region is practically the same as that imposed on the left vertical wall. This aspect can have a beneficial impact on thermal insulation. Besides, the porous to fluid thermal conductivity ratio,

Rk, has practically no effect on

Shhot wall, contrary to

Nuinterface where a strong increase is observed as

Rk is increased from 0.1 to 100, and much heat transfer from the hot wall to the clear fluid via the porous media is obtained.

Practical implications
The findings are useful for devices working on double-diffusive natural convection inside non-homogenous cavities.

Originality/value
The authors believe that the presented results are original and have not been published elsewhere.
Enhanced effectiveness with positive Joule–Thomson pressure drop effects on a cryogenic heat exchanger with three fluid-two communications
Authors: Chodankar Vishnudas Alias Vipul Luvu , Aswatha Aswatha , Seetharamu K.N. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to attain higher effectiveness with an introduction of Joule–Thomson effect on a three-fluid heat exchanger with two communications. It also gives a range of parameter values that have to be maintained for achieving effectiveness above 0.85. Attaining effectiveness above 0.85 is very important for the heat exchanger to perform the liquefaction of hot fluid.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is conducted using Galerkin’s method, a finite element approach.

Findings
This investigation determines crucial values for the cryogenic heat exchanger to achieve effectiveness above 0.85. The important findings are as follows: effectiveness above 0.85 is attained if the heat exchanger size is within the range of 8–10; ratio of heat flow resistance between intermediate and hot stream to heat flow resistance between cold and hot stream should be maintained between 1 and 10; the intermediate fluid temperature should be maintained between 0 and 0.2; the ratio of thermal capacity of the hot fluid relative to a cold fluid should be maintained between 1.25 and 1.42; and the ratio of thermal capacity of the hot fluid relative to an intermediate fluid should be maintained between 2 and 2.5.

Research limitations/implications
The investigation has presented a finding for improving the effectiveness of the cryogenic heat exchanger. Higher the Joule–Thomson pressure drop effect, more is the drop in temperature of the fluid resulting in additional cooling or lowering of the fluid temperature. The practical implementation is also explained, i.e. to achieve practically the Joule–Thomson pressure drop in a cryogenic heat exchanger.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no investigations were carried out previously on Joule–Thomson investigation on a three-fluid heat exchanger with two communications, for different values of Joule–Thomson pressure drop.
Numerical study of entropy generation and forced convection heat transfer of a nanofluid in a channel with different fin cross-sections
Authors: Sarbazi Zahra , Hormozi Faramarz 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aims to numerically investigate the thermal-hydrodynamic performance of silicon oxide/water nanofluid laminar flow in the heat sink miniature channel with different fin cross-sections. The effect of the fin cross-section including semi-circular, rectangular and quadrant in two directions of flat and curved, and channel substrate materials of steel, aluminum, copper and titanium were examined. Finally, the analysis of thermal and frictional entropy generation in different channels is performed.

Design/methodology/approach
According to the numerical results, the highest heat transfer coefficients belong to the rectangular, quadrant 2, quadrant 1 and semi-circular fins compared to the channel without fin is 38.65%, 29.94%, 27.45% and 17.1%, respectively. Also, the highest performance evaluation criteria belong to the rectangular and quadrant 2 fins, which have 1.35 and 1.29, respectively. Based on the thermal conductivity of the substrate material, the best material is copper. According to the results of entropy analysis, the reduction of thermal irreversibility of the channel with rectangular, quadrant 1, quadrant 2 and semi-circular compared to non-finned channel is equal to 72%, 57%, 63% and 48%, respectively.

Findings
The rectangular and quadrant 2 fins are the best fins and the copper substrate material is the best material to reduce the entropy generation.

Originality/value
The silicon oxide/water nanofluid flow in the heat sink miniature channel with various fin shapes and the curvature angle against the fluid flow was simulated to increase the heat transfer performance. The whole test section is simulated in three-dimensional. Different channel materials have been investigated to find the best channel substrate material.
A sustainable post-disaster housing development framework for an indigenous Hao-Cha community in Taiwan: considering culture and livelihood in housing extensions
Authors: Tsai Sung Lun , Ochiai Chiho , Deng Chuan Zhong , Tseng Min Hui 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Several post-disaster housing extension and modification studies have indicated that owner-driven modification behavior relates to socio-economic and livelihood factors. This study aims to clarify housing extension patterns and examine the relationships among spatial characteristics, sociocultural factors, livelihood factors and housing extensions. This research also highlights the implications of post-disaster housing design for indigenous communities.

Design/methodology/approach
An indigenous community case study was conducted using a literature review. Moreover, interview surveys and housing measurements were implemented based on purposive sampling to diversify interviewees’ backgrounds and the extent of housing extensions.

Findings
This study confirms that housing extensions are closely related to the number of household members and their associated functions and cultural and livelihood factors that were ignored during the design stage. Furthermore, the housing extension process was confirmed to match households’ economic recovery. A post-disaster housing implementation framework for the indigenous population is proposed.

Research limitations/implications
This research only targeted one indigenous community with a limited number of interviewees and samples because of the connection with households.

Practical implications
The study’s proposed resilience post-disaster housing framework can be used to develop post-disaster housing design guidelines, which can benefit policymaking. The proposed participatory concept can be further adopted in future disaster risk-reduction programs.

Originality/value
This study uniquely focuses on the pre- and post-disaster housing layout and the livelihood of an indigenous community. It offers valuable insights for post-disaster reconstruction planners and practitioners.