bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and forecast of marine economy development in China
Authors: Kedong Yin , Liu Zhe , Zhang Caixia , Huang Shan , Li Junchao , Lv Lingyun , Su Xiaqing , Zhang Runchuan 
Published: December 2021

PurposeIn recent years, China's marine industry has maintained rapid growth in general, and marine-related economic activities have continued to improve. The purpose of this research is to analyze the basic situation of China's marine economy development, identify the problems therein, forecast development trends and propose policy recommendations accordingly.Design/methodology/approachThis research conducts a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the development of China's marine economy with rich data in diversified aspects. The current situation of China's marine economy development is analyzed from the perspective of scale and structure, and the external and internal development environment of China's marine economy is discussed. With the application of measurement and prediction method such as trend extrapolation, exponential smoothing, grey forecasting and neural network method, the future situation of China's marine economy development is forecasted.FindingsIn a complex environment where uncertainties at home and abroad have increased significantly, China's marine economy development suffers tremendous downward pressure in recent years. As China has achieved major achievements in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, the marine economy development will gradually return to normal. It is estimated that the gross marine production value in 2022 will exceed 10 trillion yuan. China's marine economy will continue to maintain a steady growth trend in the future, and its development prospects will remain promising.Originality/valueThis research explores the current situation and trends of China's marine economy development and puts forward policy recommendations to promote the steady and health development of China's marine economy accordingly.
Organizing work and activities to cope with age – the role of entrepreneurship for individuals aged 50+
Authors: Holmquist Carin , Sundin Elisabeth 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe aim of this article is to discuss how age and entrepreneurship interact in the specific case of older (50+) entrepreneurs. Building on theories on entrepreneurship and theories on age and aging, the authors’ focus is on how such entrepreneurs relate to the building and running of a business organization. The authors discuss how entrepreneurship among the elderly plays out and how older entrepreneurs relate to the narratives on both age and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis research comprises quantitative as well as qualitative studies. The authors show that qualitative methods that unfold the process over time are necessary and essential to fully understand how and why entrepreneurs start their own business and/or continue to run it at older ages.FindingsThe authors find that the choice to become an entrepreneur at the age of 50+ (or to stay as one) is not a goal in itself, becoming an entrepreneur is a means to stay active in the labor market.Originality/valueThe study findings add to entrepreneurship theory by insights on the link between entrepreneurship and the labor market where the authors argue that becoming an entrepreneur at ages 50+ might be more a question of choice of organizational form than a question on a way of living or occupation. The authors also contribute to theories on age by showing that entrepreneurs aged 50+ choose entrepreneurship as a means to be able to stay in the labor market.
Long‐term heavy grazing increases community‐level foliar fungal diseases by shifting plant composition
Authors: Liu Yong , Duan Dongdong , Jiang Feifei , Tian Zhen , Feng Xiaoxuan , Wu Nana , Hou Fujiang , Kardol Paul , Nan Zhibiao , Chen Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

In grasslands, the interactions of foliar fungal diseases and their host plants are largely dependent on grazing by large herbivores. However, the relative importance of direct (i.e. pathogen removal) and indirect effects (i.e. via changes in plant community composition) of long‐term grazing on foliar fungal diseases remains largely unexplored, especially under varied grazing intensities.

We conducted a 13‐year experiment to explore the effects of grazing intensity on foliar fungal diseases at both plant population and community levels in a semi‐arid grassland. We quantified the contributions of direct and indirect effects of long‐term grazing on community pathogen load.

At the population level, the severity of five rusts and five powdery mildews decreased significantly as grazing intensity increased, whereas two leaf spots increased significantly in severity with increasing grazing intensity. Similarly, at the community level, the pathogen load of rusts and powdery mildews was negatively related to the increase in grazing intensity, whereas the pathogen load of leaf spots was positively related to grazing intensity. Overall, heavy grazing (i.e. 8.7 sheep/ha) significantly increased community pathogen load.

Our SEM analysis showed that grazing indirectly increased the pathogen load of leaf spots by increasing disease proneness. Grazing decreased the pathogen load of rusts, but this could not be explained by changes in disease proneness. Overall, the indirect effects via changes in community composition of hosts resulting in the increase in community disease proneness outweighed the direct effect of grazing on community pathogen load.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides the first evidence that long‐term heavy grazing can indirectly increase community pathogen load by increasing the abundances of grazing‐tolerant hosts and decreasing the abundances of grazing‐intolerant hosts. These results provide empirical evidence that the pathogen load of foliar fungal diseases in grasslands can depend on the community context of hosts, which can, in turn, be controlled by large herbivores. We recommend that infectious diseases are considered when predicting the responses of grassland ecosystems to anthropogenic activities. Maintaining light to moderate grazing intensity or establishing an appropriate non‐grazing period could be an effective way to control foliar fungal diseases in grasslands.
Sulfidic acetate mineralization at 45°C by an aquifer microbial community: key players and effects of heat changes on activity and community structure
Authors: Bin Hudari Mohammad S. , Vogt Carsten , Richnow Hans H. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryHigh‐Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT‐ATES) is a sustainable approach for integrating thermal energy from various sources into complex energy systems. Temperatures ≥45°C, which are relevant in impact zones of HT‐ATES systems, may dramatically influence the structure and activities of indigenous aquifer microbial communities. Here, we characterized an acetate‐mineralizing, sulfate‐reducing microbial community derived from an aquifer and adapted to 45°C. Acetate mineralization was strongly inhibited at temperatures ≤25°C and 60°C. Prolonged incubation at 12°C and 25°C resulted in acetate mineralization recovery after 40–80 days whereas acetate was not mineralized at 60°C within 100 days. Cultures pre‐grown at 45°C and inhibited for 28 days by incubation at 12°C, 25°C, or 60°C recovered quickly after changing the temperature back to 45°C. Phylotypes affiliated to the order Spirochaetales and to endospore‐forming sulfate reducers of the order Clostridiales were highly abundant in microcosms being active at 45°C highlighting their key role. In summary, prolonged incubation at 45°C resulted in active microbial communities mainly consisting of organisms adapted to temperatures between the typical temperature range of mesophiles and thermophiles and being resilient to temporary heat changes.
Accounting Firms in the European M&A Advisory Market
Authors: Bilinski Pawel , Yim Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBuilding on the knowledge‐based view of the resource‐based theory, we propose that accounting firms leverage the industry expertise acquired from the audits of the targets’ industries to produce fairer target valuations on mergers and acquisitions (M&As). The accounting expertise competitive advantage explains why bidders choose accounting firms, rather than investment banks, to advise on transactions where the likelihood of overpaying for a target is high. We document that for such deals, acquirer announcement returns are higher and offer premia are lower if the bidders are advised by accounting firms that are audit specialists in the target's industry. Our results explain why accounting firms are listed among the top 10 M&A financial advisors in the European Thomson Reuters and Mergermarket league tables.
Ignoring Leaders who Break Promises or Following God: How Depersonalization and Religious Faith Inform Employees’ Timely Work Efforts
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Haq Inam Ul , Azeem Muhammad Umer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between employees’ perceptions of psychological contract breaches and their failure to meet work‐related deadlines, with a particular focus on the mediating role of the depersonalization they assign to organizational authorities and the moderating role of their religious faith. Results based on multisource data, collected among employees and their supervisors in Pakistani organizations, show that an important factor that underpins the connection between beliefs about broken organizational promises and a diminished propensity to finish work on time is that employees depersonalize organizational leaders. This mediating effect is mitigated by employees’ religious faith. For organizations, this study thus identifies a key mechanism – exhibiting indifference to the people in charge – by which employees’ frustrations about resource‐depleting contract breaches may inadvertently escalate into ineffective time management, and it identifies some workers among whom this counterproductive dynamic is less likely, namely, employees who can draw from their religious faith.
“No idea whether he's Black, White, or purple”: Colorblindness and cultural scripting in prosecution*
Authors: Dunlea R. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProsecutors maintain immense power over criminal case processing. Yet, they have not historically been a major target for reforms designed to foster equality and reduce racial disparity in criminal justice outcomes. Using in‐depth interviews with 47 line prosecutors, this study explores how prosecutors think about race in criminal justice, and what they believe their role should be in addressing racial disparities. Results show that prosecutors broadly embrace a colorblind approach to prosecution and argue that race should be disregarded in case processing. Their support for colorblind prosecution is reinforced by race‐neutral cultural scripts that can be linked to the social and operational realities of prosecutors’ work environment. These findings suggest that efforts to improve fairness in case processing will be more effective if they are accompanied by widespread prosecutorial culture change. Such efforts may also benefit from the consideration of structural features of the prosecutor's office that currently lead line agents to embrace colorblindness and reject a larger role in alleviating racial disparities.
Light irradiation maintains the sensory quality, health‐promoting phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity of post‐harvest baby mustard
Authors: Lin Peixing , Di Hongmei , Li Zhiqing , Wang Yating , Zhou Wenting , Huang Shuya , Zhang Chenlu , Li Huanxiu , Zhang Fen , Sun Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ability of white, red, and blue irradiation to maintain sensory quality, health‐promoting compounds, and antioxidant capacity, and regulate glucosinolate metabolism‐related gene expression in post‐harvest baby mustard was studied. Irradiation with 80 µmol m−2 s−1 extended the shelf life of post‐harvest baby mustard. Irradiation delayed the increase in weight loss and the decrease in sensory parameter scores and the levels of ascorbic acid, total phenolics, glucosinolate, and antioxidant capacity during storage of baby mustard. Irradiation induced the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and inhibited glucosinolate degradation gene expression. The glucosinolate content and glucosinolate metabolism‐related gene expression in post‐harvest baby mustard were higher under white and red light irradiation compared with blue light irradiation. These findings indicate that irradiation (80 µmol m−2 s−1), especially of white and red light, is an effective technique for maintaining the sensory and nutritional qualities in post‐harvest baby mustard stored at 20°C.Practical ApplicationThis study was to evaluate the effect of white, red, and blue irradiation on the sensory quality, health‐promoting compounds, antioxidant capacity, and glucosinolate metabolism‐related gene expression of baby mustard during post‐harvest storage, providing an effective and sustainable post‐harvest method to extend shelf life and maintain the post‐harvest quality of baby mustard under ambient temperature storage. Irradiation (80 µmol m−2 s−1), especially of white and red light, is an effective technique for maintaining the sensory and nutritional qualities in post‐harvest baby mustard stored at 20°C.
Advanced practice providers in academic emergency medicine: A national survey of chairs and program directors
Authors: Carpenter Christopher R. , Abrams Stacy , Courtney D. Mark , Dorner Stephen C. , Dyne Pamela , Elia Tala , Jourdan Daniel N. , Kaji Amy H. , Martin Ian B. K. , Mills Angela M. , Nagasawa Kat , Pillow Malford , Reznek Martin , Starnes Andrew , Temin Elizabeth , Wolfe Richard , Chekijian Sharon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Board of Directors convened a task force to elucidate the current state of workforce, operational, and educational issues being faced by academic medical centers related to advanced practice providers (APPs). The task force surveyed academic emergency department (ED) chairs and residency program directors (PDs).MethodsThe survey was distributed to the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine (AACEM)‐member chairs and their respective residency PDs in 2021. We surveyed 125 chairs with their self‐identified PDs. The survey sampled hiring, state‐independent practice laws, scope of practice, teaching and supervision, training opportunities, delegation of procedures between physician learners and APPs, and perceptions of the impact on resident and medical student education.ResultsOf the AACEM‐member chairs identified, 73% responded and 47% of PDs responded. Most (98%) employ either physician assistants or nurse practitioners. Among responding departments, 86% report APPs working in fast‐track settings, 80% work in the main ED, and 54% work in the waiting room. In 44% of departments, APPs and residents evaluate patients concurrently, and 2% of respondents reported that APPs manage high‐acuity patients without attending involvement. Two‐thirds of chairs believe that APPs contribute positively to the quality of patient care, while 44% believe that APPs contribute to the academic environment. One‐third of PDs believe that the presence of APPs interferes with resident education. Although 75% of PDs believe that residents require training to work effectively with APPs in the ED, almost half (49%) report zero hours of training around APP supervision or collaborative skills.ConclusionsAPPs are ubiquitous across academic EDs. Future research is required for academic ED leaders to balance physician and APP deployment across the academic ED within the context of patient care, resident education, institutional resources, professional development opportunities for APP staff, and standardization of APP EM training.
Communication of personalised disease risk by general practitioners to motivate smoking cessation in England: a cost‐effectiveness and research prioritisation study
Authors: Adamson Alexander , Portas Laura , Accordini Simone , Marcon Alessandro , Jarvis Deborah , Baio Gianluca , Minelli Cosetta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCommunication of personalised disease risk can motivate smoking cessation. We assessed whether routine implementation of this intervention by general practitioners (GPs) in England is cost‐effective or whether we need further research to better establish its effectiveness.DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) with value of information (VoI) analysis from the UK National Health Service perspective, using GP communication of personalised disease risk on smoking cessation versus usual care.SettingGP practices in England.Study populationHealthy smokers aged 35–60 years attending the GP practice.MeasurementsEffectiveness of GP communication of personalised disease risk on smoking cessation was estimated through systematic review and meta‐analysis. A Bayesian CEA was then performed using a lifetime Markov model on smokers aged 35–60 years that measured lifetime costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) assigned to the four diseases contributing the most to smoking‐related morbidity, mortality and costs: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, myocardial infarction and stroke. Costs and QALYs for each disease state were obtained from the literature. VoI analysis identified sources of uncertainty in the CEA and assessed how much would be worth investing in further research to reduce this uncertainty.FindingsThe meta‐analysis odds ratio for the effectiveness estimate of GP communication of personalised disease risk was 1.48 (95% credibility interval, 0.91–2.26), an absolute increase in smoking cessation rates of 3.84%. The probability of cost‐effectiveness ranged 89–94% depending on sex and age. VoI analysis indicated that: (i) uncertainty in the effectiveness of the intervention was the driver of the overall uncertainty in the CEA; and (ii) a research investment to reduce this uncertainty is justified if lower than £27.6 million (£7 per smoker).ConclusionsEvidence to date shows that, in England, incorporating disease risk communication into general practitioners’ practices to motivate smoking cessation is likely to be cost‐effective compared with usual care.
Oxygenated versus non‐oxygenated flush out and storage of donor livers: An experimental study
Authors: Brüggenwirth Isabel M. A. , van der Plas Willemijn S. , van Leeuwen Otto B. , Thorne Adam M. , Rayar Michel , de Meijer Vincent E. , Porte Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring donor organ procurement and subsequent static cold storage (SCS), hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels are progressively depleted, which contributes to ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). We sought to investigate a simple approach to prevent ATP depletion and IRI using a porcine donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver reperfusion model.MethodsAfter 30 min warm ischemia, porcine livers were flushed via the portal vein with cold (4°C) non‐oxygenated University of Wisconsin (UW) preservation solution (n = 6, control group) or with oxygenated UW (n = 6, OxyFlush group). Livers were then subjected to 4 h SCS in non‐oxygenated (control) or oxygenated (OxyFlush) UW, followed by 4 h normothermic reperfusion using whole blood. Hepatic ATP levels were compared, and hepatobiliary function and injury were assessed.ResultsAt the end of SCS, ATP was higher in the OxyFlush group compared to controls (delta ATP of +0.26 vs. −0.68 µmol/g protein, p = 0.04). All livers produced bile and metabolized lactate, and there were no differences between the groups. Grafts in the OxyFlush group had lower blood glucose levels after reperfusion (p = 0.04). Biliary pH, glucose and bicarbonate were not different between the groups. Injury markers including liver transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, cell‐free DNA and flavin mononucleotide in the SCS solution and during reperfusion were also similar. Histological assessment of the parenchyma and bile ducts did not reveal differences between the groups.ConclusionOxygenated flush out and storage of DCD porcine livers prevents ATP depletion during ischemia, but this does not seem sufficient to mitigate early signs of IRI.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors suppress tumor growth in extramammary Paget’s disease
Authors: Kitamura Shinya , Yanagi Teruki , Maeda Takuya , Ujiie Hideyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare adnexal neoplasm commonly seen in the genital areas among the senior population. The prognosis of advanced EMPD is not favorable; thus, the development of potential treatments has long been sought. Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors such as abemaciclib and palbociclib have been proven effective against metastatic breast cancer; however, no studies have addressed CDK4/6 inhibitors as an EMPD treatment. We herein examine the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors against an EMPD patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model. Abemaciclib (50 mg/kg/day) or palbociclib (120 mg/kg/day) was given orally to tumor‐bearing NOD/Scid mice over a 3‐week period. We also investigated the protein expression levels of CDK4/6 and cyclin D1 through immunohistochemical staining using EMPD clinical samples. Treatment with abemaciclib or palbociclib as a single agent was found to significantly suppress tumor growth in EMPD‐PDX. The Ki‐67‐positive ratio of the treated EMPD‐PDX tumors was significantly lower than that of the nontreated tumors. Clinically, the expression levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1 were significantly higher in the EMPD tumor cells than in the normal epidermis. Our results suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors could be novel and potent therapeutics for the treatment of EMPD.
Health ombudsman and racial inequities in Dental Specialities Centers performance in Brazil: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello , da Cunha Inara Pereira , Lacerda Valéria Rodrigues de 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to verify racial differences in the performance of Dental Specialities Centers in Brazil, according to the presence of active health ombudsman on four primary outcomes: (1) access and dental appointment, (2) reception services, (3) bond and responsibility, and (4) social participation.MethodsData came from the PMAQ‐CEO national evaluation of public healthcare services, 2018–2019. The two main explanatory variables were the self‐classified race at the individual level and the presence of the health ombudsman at the second level (level of services provision). Individual covariates included age, sex and schooling. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate the OR (Odds Ratios) in racial gaps according to the primary outcomes with individuals at the first level and public health services at the second level.ResultsThe analytical sample comprised of 8993 respondents. Brown people were less likely to report better Access (27%), good reception services (31%), bond and responsibility (30%) and social participation (22%) than Whites. Black people showed similar patterns. Dental Specialities Centers that use health ombudsman for planning have attenuated racial inequities in all analysed dimensions.ConclusionsDental Specialities Centers that use active health ombudsman for planning showed lower racial inequities in access, reception, bond and responsibility and social participation than those who did not use. Therefore, the health ombudsman should be implemented and used for planning better specialized dental services in Brazil.