bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marriage, Career, and Class in the Private Letters of Harriot Curtis, Coeditor of theLowell Offering
Authors: Allukian Kristin 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThis article explores the private letters of Harriot Curtis, former factory worker and coeditor of the Lowell Offering. It draws on the archival recovery of the “Harriot F. Curtis papers,” which were recently donated to the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College; the papers contain thirty-five letters over a nine-year period (1836–45) from Curtis to her suitor Hezekiah Morse Wead, whom she ultimately rejects. Wead's letters to Curtis are not included in the Collection. The topics to which the letters give the most attention are marriage and career. Intimate in nature, Curtis's letters to Wead offer insight into the value she placed on marriage and writing as waged labor and how those values were constructed in relation to one another. Given that Wead, the person with whom she discusses her career, is a potential though unsuccessful suitor, the circumstances are such that discussion of marriage and career are intertwined by default. Curtis's letters, therefore, are a significant resource for academic inquiry into the nineteenth-century working woman's conceptions of marriage, career, literacy, and class.
Multimarket Contact and Capacity: Evidence from the US Airline Industry
Authors: Su Hao , Dresner Martin E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between multimarket contact (MMC) and competitive supply decisions by firms. Using US air-carrier traffic data, we find that a carrier's MMC is negatively associated with the available seats in a market. This finding provides support for the “mutual forbearance hypothesis” and suggests that MMC facilitates tacit collusion in the supply of capacity. We also find that tacit collusion may be more difficult to achieve on longer-distance routes, where carriers face difficulties monitoring the capacities of rivals that compete through indirect routings. On the longer-distance routes, the negative relationship between MMC and capacity thus diminishes. Finally, we show that the negative impact of MMC on capacity has increased in strength over the past 10 years. Since the impact of MMC on reducing capacity may lead to higher airfares, our findings contribute to important antitrust considerations.
Pastoralt ledarskap och konvertiter
Authors: Svensson Jakob 
Published: July 2021

Pastoral leadership and converts: A discussion of church leadership in relation to converts and the Swedish Board of Migration
The purpose of this article is to support the pastoral leadership and church ministry in relation to converts by providing knowledge and experience when leading people cross-culturally. The churches in the society of today are facing issues relating to the leadership of converts. Church leadership is culturally bonded with traditions of ministry and traditional behaviour and therefore risks jeopardizing the leadership vision in ministry. The main empirical material in the article is based on a revision of my essay “Asylum seeking converts and the catechism of the authority – a study of converts’ asylum process with the Board of Migration” (Svensson, 2017). Firstly, I will begin to address the article´s subject and then describe the essay. The aim of the essay was twofold: To understand the Migration Board´s perception of Christian faith, and to explore how the Board can work with these issues in the future with the help from the church. Through the method of content analysis, I analysed the interview protocols and discussed the results using the theoretical concepts of ”thick” and ”thin”. Further I present the essay´s results and within the area of religious studies I show that the Board of Migration has an outdated view on conversion and Christian faith. The Board’s understanding also does not reflect the scholarly study of religion. Finally, in the article I discuss the study´s result in relation to church leadership and pastoral ministry when leading converts of several cultures at hand.
AI n. 339-86 (Rosário do Sul/RS) - Acórdão de 15 de agosto de 2019 / Acórdão n. 33.172, de 13 de agosto de 2018 / Acórdão n. 33.454, de 13 de dezembro de 2018.
Authors: Barroso Relator: Min. Luís Roberto , Pereira Junior Relator designado: Juiz Wilson , Pereira Junior Relator: Juiz Wilson 
Published: July 2021

AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO No 339-86.2016.6.21.0039 – CLASSE 6 – ROSÁRIO DO SUL – RIO GRANDE DO SUL

ACÓRDÃO N. 33172
RECURSO ELEITORAL N. 3-19.2017.6.24.0054 - CLASSE 30 - AÇÃO DE IMPUGNAÇÃO DE MANDATO ELETIVO - 54ª ZONA ELEITORAL - SOMBRIO.

ACÓRDÃO N. 33454REGISTRO DE CANDIDATURA (11532) N. 0601267-53.2018.6.24.0000 – FLORIANÓPOLIS.
Walisongo: Strategi Dakwah Islam di Nusantara
Authors: Nurul Syalafiyah  , Budi Harianto  
Published: July 2021

Islam mulai berkembang di Nusantara sekitar abad 13 M. Adapun tokoh yang sangat berjasa dalam proses Islamisasi di Nusantara terutama di tanah Jawa adalah “ Walisongo”. Sumbangsih serta peran Walisongo dalam proses Islamisasi di tanah Jawa sangat besar. Tokoh Walisongo yang begitu dekat dikalangan masyarakat muslim kultural Jawa sangat mereka hormati. Ajaran-ajaran dan dakwah yang unik serta sosoknya yang menjadi teladan serta ramah terhadap masyarakat Jawa sehingga dengan mudah Islam menyebar ke seluruh wilayah Nusantara.
Penyebaran agama Islam di Pulau Jawa yang dilakukan walisongo terbagi dari berbagai wilayah diantaranya yakni Surabaya-Gresik-Lamongan JawaTimur, Demak-Kudus-Muria di Jawa Tengah, dan Cirebon di Jawa Barat. Keberhasilan Islamisasi Jawa merupakan hasil perjuangan dan kerja keras Walisongo. Walisongo melakukan proses Islamisasi berjalan dengan damai, baik politik maupun kultural, meskipun terdapat konflik itupun sangat kecil sehingga tidak mengesankan sebagai perang maupun kekerasan ataupun pemaksaan budaya. Penerepan metode dakwah yang dilakukan oleh Walisongo yakni metode dakwah yang lentur atau baik sehingga dapat diterima baik oleh masyarakat jawa. Sehingga walisongo tidak dianggap sebagai ancaman di Pulau Jawa.
Pengembangan Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) Pada Materi Hukum Tertib Kosmis (Niyama) Untuk Siswa Tingkat SMA
Authors: Fipit Nurika Sari  , Prihadi dwi hatmono  , Mirrah megha singamurti  
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan modul pembelajaran Agama Buddha dan Budi Pekerti pada Materi Hukum Tertib Kosmis (Niyama) untuk siswa tingkat SMA. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) yang dikemukakan oleh Borg and Gall. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Donorojo. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian validitas materi diperoleh rata-rata 0,81 dengan kategori valid, validitas media diperoleh rata-rata 0,86 dengan kategori valid. Uji kelayakan dengan responden siswa, pada uji coba kelompok kecil diperoleh presentase sebesar 86,6% menujukkan kategori sangat layak, pada uji coba kelompok besar sebesar 86,4% menunjukkan kategori sangat layak dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,722 yang menunjukkan bahwa modul dapat dikatakan reliabel.
Aansprakelijkheid van bestuurder en accountant na dividenduitkering
Authors: Brink-van der Meer J.E. 
Published: July 2021

Aansprakelijkheid van bestuurder en accountant na dividenduitkering. Beschouwingen bij een vonnis van de rechtbank Rotterdam van 3 februari 2021, ECLI:NL:RBROT:2021:1011
De auteur bespreekt een uitspraak waarin een bestuurder op grond van artikel 2:216 BW aansprakelijk wordt gesteld voor het tekort dat door een uitkering is ontstaan. De bestuurder wentelt zijn aansprakelijkheid in deze zaak succesvol af op de accountant. Welke lessen kan de accountant bij de uitoefening van zijn niet-wettelijke taak hieruit trekken?
Гадаад Монгол ба Америкийн Консул Самуэл Сокобин
Authors: Д. Уламбаяр 
Published: July 2021

XIX зууны сүүлчийн улиралд АНУ Хятадтай харилцах “нээлттэй хаалга”- ны бодлогыг тунхагласны дараа Гадаад Монгол нь сайхь гүрний гадаад худалдаа-эдийн засгийн ашиг сонирхлын хүрээнд нэгэнт багтах болсон байна. Нийслэл Хүрээний зүүн дэнжийг Монголчууд «Американ дэнж» хэмээн нэрлэх болсон нь орос-америкийн Чарльз Э. Стукены «Стукен и Ко» болон «Mongolian Trading Company», «Andersen, Meyer & Со.,»-ийн салбар энд байрлаж байснаас гүн улбаатай юм. Эдгээр компаниуд Америкийн томоохон монопольт трест, синдикатуудтай холбоотой байв. «Mongolian Trading Со» компани нь «Standard Oil Co.,» компанитай, «Andersen, Meyer & Co.,» компани нь Америкийн «General Electric» корпораци, «International Corporation» хэмээх санхүүгийн томоохон нийгэмлэгтэй хэлхээ холбоотой байжээ. Эдгээр пүүсүүд Шанхай хотод төвтэй байсан бөгөөд салбарууд нь Тяньжин, Бээжин, Хаалган, Кантон, Харбин, Хонконг, Хүрээ зэрэг хотуудад үйл ажиллагаа явуулж байв.
English title: Outer Mongolia and American Consul Samuel Sokobin
Монгол Улсын эдийн засгийн хөгжилд хөдөө аж ахуйн гүйцэтгэх үүрэг
Authors: А. Даваасүрэн 
Published: July 2021

Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Монгол Улсын хөдөө аж ахуйн салбарын нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хөгжилд гүйцэтгэж байгаа үүрэг, хөдөө аж ахуйн салбарын бүтэц, түүний бодит өсөлт, түүнд нөлөөлж буй хүчин зүйлс, малын тоо толгойны динамик өсөлт, малчдын нийт хүн амд эзлэх хувийн жин, газар тариалангийн хөгжлийн хандлагыг хөндсөн байна.
English title: Agricultural Role in Economic Development of Mongolia
Pemanfaatan Asam Humat Dari Sampah Organik Sebagai Adsorben Pada Limbah Cair Sintesis Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Maimunawaro Maimunawaro , Rahman Sazila Karina , Irawan Chairul 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak. Industri pelapisan logam disamping memiliki konstribusi bagi perekonomian Indonesia, namun dalam prosesnya menghasilkan limbah cair yang memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan karena mengandung logam berat. Salah satu teknik pengolahan limbah cair yaitu adsorpsi menggunakan asam humat dari ekstraksi sampah organik yang dijadikan adsorben. Kelebihan proses adsorpsi ini ialah pengerjaannya mudah, biaya relatif murah, relatif aman dari kontaminasi zat-zat kimia, serta tidak memberikan polusi berarti bagi lingkungan. Ekstraksi asam humat dari sampah organik berlangsung secara bertahap menggunakan proses ekstraksi dengan 1 L NaOH dengan variasi pelarut 0,1 N dan 0,5 N. Karakterisasi sebelum dan sesudah ekstraksi menggunakan Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), masing-masing untuk mengetahui gugus fungsional, struktur kristal, serta struktur morfologi pada asam humat. Proses adsorpsi menggunakan asam humat sebagai adsorben dilakukan secara batch dengan massa adsorben 1 g/L, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm, temperatur ruang dan pH 6,7–7,0 selama 1 jam. Analisa setelah adsorpsi menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer (AAS) untuk uji kadar timbal (Pb (II)). Hasil adsorpsi timbal (Pb) pada kedua variasi pelarut adsorben dengan pH awal 6,7–7,0 memiliki keefektifan masing-masing mencapai hampir 98%. Kata kunci:adsorben, asam humat, ekstraksi, sampah organik. Abstract. Removal of Lead (II) of Synthetic Wastewater Using Humic Acid Extracted from Organic Waste As Adsorbent.Metal plating Industry mining productions contribute to the growth of the Indonesian economy, but during the processes usually create a negative environmental impact such as heavy metals. The adsorption method is one of various methods for wastewater treatment. The humic acid as adsorbent in the adsorption method had been extracted from organic waste. The advantages of this method are simple, cheap and secure from chemical contaminant. The extraction of humic acid from organic waste takes place gradually using 1 L NaOH with a variety of solvents of 0.1 N and 0.5 N.The humic acid before and after treatment was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The adsorption process was carried out in batch experiment with mass adsorbent of 1 g/L, stirring speed of 150 rpm, room temperatur, pH around 6.7–7.0 for 1 hour. The result showed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis characterize that adsorption lead (II) in several adsorbent concentrations at pH 6.7–7.07 has effectiveness 98%. Keywords: adsorbents, extraction, humic acid, organic waste.
Exploration, colonisation et développement durable
Authors: Arsenault Dominic , Guay Louis-Martin 
Published: July 2021

Dans cet article, nous réunissons des données ou des informations généralement éparses pour offrir un portrait synthétique de l’histoire du secteur du jeu vidéo au Québec, nous intéressant au territoire sur lequel s’écrit cette histoire (de Montréal à Québec en passant par Trois-Rivières et d’autres studios excentrés) aussi bien qu’à la nature des entreprises qui y participent (des grands studios aux développeurs indépendants et amateurs). Cet historique veut mettre en lumière les particularités de ce secteur d’activité où industries technologiques et industries culturelles se chevauchent, et adopte pour ce faire une division en trois périodes : 1) période d’exploration au sein d’un entrepreneuriat amateur et enthousiaste; 2) période de colonisation par les grandes firmes étrangères, l’injection de capitaux étrangers stimulant la croissance de l’industrie; 3) période que la structuration des développeurs indépendants (notamment avec la Guilde du jeu vidéo du Québec) et la relève par une génération post-fission autorisent à considérer comme étant celle du développement durable. Notre tour d’horizon touche à des aspects de l’industrie qui sont factuels aussi bien qu’à des questions de fond comme les contenus, le processus créatif et l’enjeu de la souveraineté culturelle dans un secteur d’activité fondé sur des marchés libéralisés, la fluidité des capitaux et une économie dématérialisée.
Collectionner des jeux vidéo au Québec
Authors: Lefloïc-Lebel Adam 
Published: July 2021

Cet article pose un regard sur la communauté de collectionneurs vidéoludiques du Québec, d’abord en clarifiant comment la ludovidéophilie se compare aux autres mouvements de collection plus classiques. Ensuite, en isolant le collectionnement de jeux vidéo au Québec, nous chercherons à voir comment cette communauté évolue à travers un monde de plus en plus ouvert et qui interagit majoritairement en anglais. Existe-t-il des traits de ludovidéophilie qui soient spécifiquement québécois ? Une incursion parmi cette communauté éclairera notre réflexion et confirmera s’il s’agit vraiment d’une communauté de « petits Gaulois dans une mer d’Anglais » ou bien si ses membres réussissent aisément à tirer leur épingle du jeu (vidéo).
Ultraviolet-A Light and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy to Accelerate Wound Healing and Reduce Bacterial Proliferation
Authors: Davis Kathryn E. , Bills Jessica , Noble Debby , Crisologo Peter A. , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Ultraviolet (UV)-A therapy is a simple, inexpensive, and effective modality for wound healing, with tremendous potential to improve healing and reduce clinical infections in a number of clinical settings. To date, application of UV-A relies on bulky and hard-to-dose lamps that provide inconsistent therapy, thus making it difficult to apply therapy that is appropriate for the patient.
Methods: This study was designed to test the effectiveness of a novel wound therapy device that combines UV-A with traditional negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to promote wound healing. Furthermore, we tested the ability of fiberoptic UV-A delivery to inhibit bacterial proliferation. Finally, we assayed the level of DNA damage that results from UV-A as compared to established UV-C therapies. Wound healing studies were performed in a porcine model using an articulated therapy arm that allows for continued therapy administration over an extended time course. Negative-pressure wound therapy was administered alone or with UV-A fiberoptic therapy for 2 weeks. Dressings were changed twice a week, at which time wound area was assessed.
Results: Data demonstrate that UV-A with NPWT treatment of wounds results in greater healing than NPWT alone. Using the same therapy device, we demonstrate that exposure of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to fiberoptic UV-A results in decreased colony area and number of both bacterial strains. Finally, we show that UV-A induces minimal DNA damage in human fibroblasts and no more DNA damage in wound tissue as compare to intact skin.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate that UV-A can decrease bacterial proliferation and promote wound healing when coupled with NPWT.
Tecendo redes imperiais: uma dimensão asiática do comércio britânico de escravos no Atlântico no século XVIII
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuo 
Published: July 2021

O século XVIII assistiu ao desenvolvimento da economia escravista atlântica, sustentada pela constante oferta de mão de obra do continente africano. Para comprar cativos africanos na costa do Atlântico, os mercadores estrangeiros tinham que atender às demandas expressas dos africanos, notadamente os tecidos indianos de algodão, que se tornaram o “carro-chefe” das mercadorias. Nesse período, o comércio anglo-asiático, conduzido pela Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais, desempenhou um papel central no fornecimento de têxteis indianos para os comerciantes de escravos britânicos. Este artigo aborda como comerciantes britânicos adquiriam têxteis na Índia para a África Atlântica. Ao examinar essa questão, o artigo ilustra o comércio global de algodão, das áreas de produção de têxteis indianos para a África Atlântica, e, em última análise, argumenta que a narrativa do chamado “comércio triangular” precisa ser substituída por outra perspectiva, que destaque o protagonismo de consumidores africanos e de tecelões sul-asiáticos. Weaving Imperial Networks: An Asian Dimension of the British Atlantic Slave Trade in the 18th CenturyThe eighteenth century saw the development of the Atlantic slave-based economy, sustained by a constant supply of labor from the African continent. On the Atlantic coast, in order to purchase captives foreign merchants had to meet local demands for trade commodities, notably Indian cotton textiles, which became a crucial product. During this period, the Anglo-Asian trade, conducted by the English East India Company, played a central role in the supply of Indian textiles for British slave traders. This paper addresses how British merchants procured textiles in India for Atlantic Africa. By examining this question, the paper illustrates a global cotton trade that extended between the areas where Indian textiles were produced and Atlantic Africa. Finally, the paper argues that the so-called “triangular trade” narrative should be replaced by another perspective that emphasizes the agency of African consumers and South Asian weavers.Atlantic slave trade | Indian cotton textiles | English East India Company
"Nossa história é outra como é outra nossa problemática": Beatriz Nascimento por sua obra
Authors: Reginaldo Lucilene 
Published: July 2021

Resenha de:NASCIMENTO, Beatriz. Beatriz Nascimento, quilombola e intelectual. Possibilidades nos dias da destruição. São Paulo: Editora Filhos da África, 2018. 488p.
Prospecção Científica e Tecnológica do Potencial Biotecnológico da Cafeína como Agente Larvicida e Nematicida
Authors: Sousa Paulo Sérgio de Araujo , Rodrigues Marciele Gomes , Santos Mayara Sousa dos , Oliveira Williana Silva de , Machado Cleane Da Silva , Vieira Maria Alice de Sousa , Silva Janaína Oliveira da , Cardoso Francilene , Alvarenga Elenice Monte 
Published: July 2021

<p dir="ltr"><span>Atualmente, a utilização de pesticidas químicos em culturas agrícolas tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente. A cafeína é uma das moléculas psicoativas mais consumidas em todo o mundo, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre as aplicações que ela possui no cenário agrícola. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa almejou prospectar a utilização da cafeína como um biopesticida em bases nacionais e internacionais de artigos e patentes. Para tal, a busca científica e tecnológica, com palavras-chave e combinações específicas, se deu nas seguintes bases: SciELO, PubMed, INPI, EPO, LATIPAT, USPTO e WIPO. Os resultados para as buscas de artigos e patentes revelaram, de forma geral, que pouco tem sido explorado acerca das atividades biológicas nematicida e larvicida da cafeína. Portanto, conclui-se que novos estudos com a cafeína, voltados para o controle de inimigos naturais de culturas, são promissores para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias agrícolas. </span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>
Tumor‐Associated Protrusion Fluctuations as a Signature of Cancer Invasiveness
Authors: Caballero David , Brancato Virginia , Lima Ana C. , Abreu Catarina M. , Neves Nuno M. , Correlo Vitor M. , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe generation of invasive fluctuating protrusions is a distinctive feature of tumor dissemination. During the invasion, individual cancer cells modulate the morphodynamics of protrusions to optimize their migration efficiency. However, it remains unclear how protrusion fluctuations govern the invasion of more complex multi‐cellular structures, such as tumors, and their correlation with the tumor metastatic potential. Herein, a reductionist approach based on 3D tumor cell micro‐spheroids with different invasion capabilities is used as a model to decipher the role of tumor‐associated fluctuating protrusions in cancer progression. To quantify fluctuations, a set of key biophysical parameters that precisely correlate with the invasive potential of tumors is defined. It is shown that different pharmacological drugs and cytokines are capable of modulating protrusion activity, significantly altering protrusion fluctuations, and tumor invasiveness. This correlation is used to define a novel quantitative invasion index encoding the key biophysical parameters of fluctuations and the relative levels of cell‐cell/matrix interactions, which is capable of assessing the tumor's metastatic capability solely based on its magnitude. Overall, this study provides new insights into how protrusion fluctuations regulate tumor cell invasion, suggesting that they may be employed as a novel early indicator, or biophysical signature, of the metastatic potential of tumors.
Super‐Strong and Super‐Stiff Chitosan Filaments with Highly Ordered Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Chen Yijun , Zhang Qing , Zhong Yi , Wei Pingdong , Yu Xuejie , Huang Junchao , Cai Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrently, the world is facing the problems of the gradual depletion of non‐renewable fossil resources and the severe harm of non‐degradable plastic waste to the land and marine ecological environment. Because of the rapid increase in the demand for fiber materials, the development of high‐performance biomass‐based fibers has emerged as an important research topic to reduce the reliance on petroleum‐based synthetic fibers. In this study, a novel green wet‐spinning strategy is used for the fabrication of super‐strong and super‐stiff chitosan filaments from an aqueous KOH/urea solution using a two‐step drawing process. The highly ordered hierarchical structure of the resulting filaments contributes to their excellent mechanical properties. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the chitosan filaments are 878 ± 123 MPa and 44.7 ± 12.3 GPa, respectively, and these values are comparable to those of spider silk and bacterial cellulose. The chitosan filaments prepared in this study are superior to low‐density steel in terms of the specific strength and modulus. The green and scalable strategy proposed in this study will broaden the application range of chitosan filaments in flexible bioelectronics, biomaterials, and textiles.