bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myofilament Phosphorylation in Stem Cell Treated Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Soetkamp Daniel , Gallet Romain , Parker Sarah J. , Holewinski Ronald , Venkatraman Vidya , Peck Kiel , Goldhaber Joshua I. , Marbán Eduardo , Van Eyk Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2021

Rationale:

Phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins has been implicated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); such changes may contribute to diastolic dysfunction by altering contractility, cardiac stiffness, Ca
2+
-sensitivity, and mechanosensing. Treatment with cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) restores normal diastolic function, attenuates fibrosis and inflammation, and improves survival in a rat HFpEF model.

Objective:
Phosphorylation changes that underlie HFpEF and those reversed by CDC therapy, with a focus on the sarcomeric subproteome were analyzed.

Methods and Results:
Dahl salt–sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet, with echocardiographically verified diastolic dysfunction, were randomly assigned to either intracoronary CDCs or placebo. Dahl salt–sensitive rats receiving low salt diet served as controls. Protein and phosphorylated Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues from left ventricular tissue were quantified by mass spectrometry. HFpEF hearts exhibited extensive hyperphosphorylation with 98% of the 529 significantly changed phospho-sites increased compared with control. Of those, 39% were located within the sarcomeric subproteome, with a large group of proteins located or associated with the Z-disk. CDC treatment partially reverted the hyperphosphorylation, with 85% of the significantly altered 76 residues hypophosphorylated. Bioinformatic upstream analysis of the differentially phosphorylated protein residues revealed PKC as the dominant putative regulatory kinase. PKC isoform analysis indicated increases in PKC α, β, and δ concentration, whereas CDC treatment led to a reversion of PKCβ. Use of PKC isoform specific inhibition and overexpression of various PKC isoforms strongly suggests that PKCβ is the dominant kinase involved in hyperphosphorylation in HFpEF and is altered with CDC treatment.

Conclusions:
Increased protein phosphorylation at the Z-disk is associated with diastolic dysfunction, with PKC isoforms driving most quantified phosphorylation changes. Because CDCs reverse the key abnormalities in HFpEF and selectively reverse PKCβ upregulation, PKCβ merits being classified as a potential therapeutic target in HFpEF, a disease notoriously refractory to medical intervention.
Microphysics Impacts on the Warm Conveyor Belt and Ridge Building of the NAWDEX IOP6 Cyclone
Authors: Mazoyer Marie , Ricard Didier , Rivière Gwendal , Delanoë Julien , Arbogast Philippe , Vié Benoit , Lac Christine , Cazenave Quitterie , Pelon Jacques 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigates diabatic processes along the warm conveyor belt (WCB) of a deep extratropical cyclone observed in the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment (NAWDEX). The aim is to investigate the effect of two different microphysics schemes, the one-moment scheme ICE3 and the quasi two-moment scheme LIMA, on the WCB and the ridge building downstream. ICE3 and LIMA also differ in the processes of vapor deposition on hydrometeors in cold and mixed-phase clouds. Latent heating in ICE3 is found to be dominated by deposition on ice while the heating in LIMA is distributed among depositions on ice, snow, and graupel. ICE3 is the scheme leading to the largest number of WCB trajectories (30% more than LIMA) due to greater heating rates over larger areas. The consequence is that the size of the upper-level ridge grows more rapidly in ICE3 than LIMA, albeit with some exceptions in localized regions of the cyclonic branch of the WCB. A comparison with various observations (airborne remote sensing measurements, dropsondes, and satellite data) is then performed. Below the melting layer, the observed reflectivity is rather well reproduced by the model. Above the melting layer, in the middle of the troposphere, the reflectivity and retrieved ice water content are largely underestimated by both schemes while at upper levels, the ICE3 scheme performs much better than LIMA in agreement with a closer representation of the observed winds by ICE3. These results underline the strong sensitivity of upper-level dynamics to ice-related processes.
Toward a Numerical Laboratory for Investigations of Gravity Wave–Mean Flow Interactions in the Atmosphere
Authors: Schmid Fabienne , Gagarina Elena , Klein Rupert , Achatz Ulrich 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdealized integral studies of the dynamics of atmospheric inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) from their sources in the troposphere (e.g., by spontaneous emission from jets and fronts) to dissipation and mean flow effects at higher altitudes could contribute to a better treatment of these processes in IGW parameterizations in numerical weather prediction and climate simulation. It seems important that numerical codes applied for this purpose are efficient and focus on the essentials. Therefore, a previously published staggered-grid solver for f-plane soundproof pseudoincompressible dynamics is extended here by two main components. These are 1) a semi-implicit time stepping scheme for the integration of buoyancy and Coriolis effects, and 2) the incorporation of Newtonian heating consistent with pseudoincompressible dynamics. This heating function is used to enforce a temperature profile that is baroclinically unstable in the troposphere and it allows the background state to vary in time. Numerical experiments for several benchmarks are compared against a buoyancy/Coriolis-explicit third-order Runge–Kutta scheme, verifying the accuracy and efficiency of the scheme. Preliminary mesoscale simulations with baroclinic wave activity in the troposphere show intensive small-scale wave activity at high altitudes, and they also indicate there the expected reversal of the zonal-mean zonal winds.
A Systematic Review of Definitive Treatment for Inverted Papilloma Attachment Site and Associations With Recurrence
Authors: Trent Monica S. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Hui Lily , Stuyt John A. Gerka , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveInverted papilloma (IP) is the most common benign neoplasm of the nasal cavity with known risk of recurrence. There is no standardized approach to definitive treatment for attachment sites. This systematic review aims to determine whether surgeon choice of technique differs by anatomic attachment site and whether different surgical techniques contribute to reduced rates of recurrence.Data SourcesPubMed and Ovid Medline.Review MethodsA systematic review was conducted for studies reporting on IP. Those that included IP recurrence rates and primary tumor attachment site were reviewed.ResultsOf 122 published studies, 14 met eligibility criteria, representing 585 patients and a recurrence rate of 5.8%. The maxillary sinus (50.9%) was the most common primary attachment site, and the sphenoid sinus was associated with the highest rate of recurrence (10.4%). The most utilized technique included debulking the tumor, removing mucosa over the attachment site, and drilling the underlying bone. The most common Krouse stage represented was T3 (53.3%). No single technique predicted a propensity for recurrence, but certain techniques are favored depending on IP attachment site. Finally, frozen sections to obtain evidence of clear margins intraoperatively significantly reduced rates of recurrence (3.4% vs 7.3%, P =. 045).ConclusionBased on the current literature, the most common technique to address site of attachment involves resecting mucosa and drilling the tumor base. Choice of technique appears to differ for various sites of attachment. Use of intraoperative frozen section analysis appears to be associated with decreased recurrence overall.Level of Evidence3.
Human Resource Metrics for Enhancing Organizational Performance: Case of Indian State-owned Enterprises
Authors: Singh Punam , Sarkar Shulagna 
Published: October 2021

As a result of a growing concern regarding agility, Human Resources (HR) has become one of the most challenging fields of management. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) face people-related issues, from attracting talent to managing performance, while creating employee experience. This article is an attempt to explore the pattern of usage of the HR metrics in Indian SOEs and to examine other metrics that need to be included as part of a strategic HR approach to enhance organizational performance. Primary data was collected using formal interviews with HR executives. The outcomes suggest that Indian SOEs are in the infancy stage when it comes to the adoption of HR metrics. It is important that Indian SOEs initiate the first-level of HR metrics and thereafter make planned progress to the third-level impact. Based on the study, a framework for sustainable and competitive HR is proposed. All of this has implications for SOEs in developing countries. JEL Codes: M12
The Adaptive Responses in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cell Lines Induced by Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation and the Variations of miRNA Expression
Authors: Wang Xiao-Chun , Tian Li-Li , Fan Cai-Xia , Duo Cai-Hong , Xu Ke-Ming 
Published: October 2021

Objective To study the effects of adaptive response in A549 cells induced by low-dose radiation and the miRNAs expression. Methods A549 cells were irradiated with 50 mGy and 200 mGy initial doses, respectively, and then irradiated with a challenge dose 20 Gy at 6 hours interval. The biological effects and miRNA expression were detected. Results The apoptosis rates of 50 mGy-20 Gy and 200 mGy-20 Gy groups were significantly lower than that of only 20 Gy irradiation group ( P < .05). The percentage of G2/M phase cells of 50 mGy-20 Gy and 200 mGy-20 Gy groups was significantly decreased relative to the 20 Gy group ( P < .05). One miRNA (mir-3662) was upregulated and 15 miRNAs (mir-185, mir-1908, mir-307, mir-182, mir-92a, mir-582, mi-r501, mir138-5p, mir-1260, mir-484, mir-378d, mir-193b, mir-127-3p, mir-1303, and mir-654-5p) were downregulated both in 50 mGy-20 Gy and 200 mGy-20 Gy groups than that of the 20 Gy group. Go and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the target genes were significantly enriched in cell communication regulation, metabolic process, enzyme binding, and catalytic activity signaling pathways. Conclusion Low-dose X-ray of 50 mGy and 200 mGy radiation can induce adaptive apoptosis response prior to 20 Gy in A549 cells. Sixteen differently expressed miRNAs may play important roles in the adaptive effect of low-dose radiation.
Migrating Progenitor Cells Derived From Injured Cartilage Surface Respond to Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
Authors: Ding Lei , Zhou Cheng , Zheng Hongjun , Wang Quanming , Song Haiyan , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Martin James A. 
Published: October 2021

Objective To delineate the response of migrating chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) that arose from the surface of mechanically injured articular cartilage to proinflammatory damage-associated-molecular-patterns (DAMPs). Design Bovine CPCs and non-CPC chondrocytes isolated from either impacted or scratched articular cartilage were studied. Those 2 types of cells were treated with mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs; 10 nM fMLF and 10 µg/mL CpG DNA), or 10 nM HMGB1, or 10 ng/mL IL-1b for 24 hours. At the end of experiments, conditioned media and cell lysates were collected for analysis of expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), chemokines, and cytokines that are associated with cartilage degeneration with Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The difference of expression levels was compared by Welch’s t-test. Results Our data indicated that HMGB1 and MTDs remarkably upregulated pro-MMP-13 expression in CPCs. Compared with non-CPCs, CPCs expressed significantly more baseline mRNAs of MMP-13, CXCL12, and IL-6. MTDs greatly increased the expression of MMP-13 and IL-6 in CPCs by over 100-fold ( P < 0.001). MTDs also significantly increased IL-8 expression in CPCs to a similar extent ( P < 0.001). However, when IL-1b was present, CPCs expressed less MMP-3 and active MMP-13 proteins as well as less CCL2 and IL-6 than did non-CPCs. Conclusions We concluded that CPCs were more sensitive than non-CPCs in response to DAMPs, especially MTDs. The proinflammatory nature of CPCs implied their critical role in the early phase of posttraumatic osteoarthritis development.
Risk for ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease associated with migraine and migraine medication among older adults
Authors: McKinley Emily C. , Lay Christine L. , Rosenson Robert S. , Chen Ligong , Chia Victoria , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Muntner Paul , Urman Robert , Farkouh Michael E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Migraine has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among middle-aged adults. The objective of this study was to determine the risk for ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) events among older adults with versus without migraine.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from US adults ≥66 years of age with Medicare health insurance between 2008 and 2017. After stratification by history of CVD, patients with a history of migraine were matched 1:4 to those without a history of migraine, based on calendar year, age, and sex. Patients were followed through December 31, 2017 for ischemic stroke and CHD events including myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization. All analyses were done separately for patients with and without a history of CVD.

Results
Among patients without a history of CVD (n = 109,950 including n = 21,990 with migraine and n = 87,960 without migraine), 1789 had an ischemic stroke and 3552 had a CHD event. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) among patients with versus without migraine was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.07–1.35) for ischemic stroke and 1.02 (95%CI, 0.93–1.11) for CHD events. Compared to patients without migraine, those with migraine who were taking an opioid medication had a higher risk for ischemic stroke (adjusted HR 1.43 [95%CI, 1.20–1.69]), while those taking a triptan had a lower risk for CHD events (adjusted HR 0.79 [95%CI, 0.67–0.93]). Among patients with a history of CVD (n = 79,515 including n = 15,903 with migraine and n = 63,612 without migraine), 2960 had an ischemic stroke and 7981 had a CHD event. The adjusted HRs (95%CI) for ischemic stroke and CHD events associated with migraine were 1.27 (1.17–1.39) and 0.99 (0.93–1.05), respectively. Patients with migraine taking an opioid medication had a higher risk for ischemic stroke (adjusted HR 1.21 [95%CI, 1.07–1.36]), while those taking a triptan had a lower risk for CHD events (adjusted HR 0.83 [95%CI, 0.72–0.95]), each versus those without migraine.

Conclusions
Older adults with migraine are at increased risk for ischemic stroke. The risk for ischemic stroke among older adults with migraine may differ by migraine medication classes.
Role models, compatibility, and knowledge lead to increased evolution acceptance
Authors: Ferguson Daniel G. , Jensen Jamie L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvolution acceptance is still low in the United States, especially among religious students. Due to low acceptance, researchers have used a wide variety of methods to increase evolution acceptance. Six culturally competent methods for teaching evolution to religious students have been identified, this manuscript looks specifically at the method of reconciliation between religion and evolution. The reconciliation module has been shown to effectively increase evolution acceptance while allowing students to maintain their religious views. However, we lack an understanding of why this method is effective. We measure evolution acceptance and religiosity at eight religiously affiliated institutions in the United States to again measure the effects of a reconciliation model in biology classrooms. This manuscript also attempts to address classroom influences that allowed students to reconcile evolution with their religious beliefs.ResultsOf the eight schools that participated, there were no statistically significant decreases in the religiosity of the students over the semester. Five of the eight institutions had statistically significant increases in their evolution acceptance scores over the semester. We identified three major influences students mentioned as reasons for change towards evolution acceptance: the presence of a role model, discussions on religion and science compatibility, and learning about evolution.ConclusionsWe identified influential practices instructors could integrate into their classrooms to help students better incorporate evolution into their personal views. Having a role model and talking about compatibility between religion and evolution are influential in changing students’ views about evolution. Learning the mechanisms of the theory of evolution is also important in changing students’ views about evolution and might be more impactful when used in conjunction with a role model or a compatibility discussion.
Concatenation of paired-end reads improves taxonomic classification of amplicons for profiling microbial communities
Authors: Dacey Daniel P. , Chain Frédéric J. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Taxonomic classification of genetic markers for microbiome analysis is affected by the numerous choices made from sample preparation to bioinformatics analysis. Paired-end read merging is routinely used to capture the entire amplicon sequence when the read ends overlap. However, the exclusion of unmerged reads from further analysis can result in underestimating the diversity in the sequenced microbial community and is influenced by bioinformatic processes such as read trimming and the choice of reference database. A potential solution to overcome this is to concatenate (join) reads that do not overlap and keep them for taxonomic classification. The use of concatenated reads can outperform taxonomic recovery from single-end reads, but it remains unclear how their performance compares to merged reads. Using various sequenced mock communities with different amplicons, read length, read depth, taxonomic composition, and sequence quality, we tested how merging and concatenating reads performed for genus recall and precision in bioinformatic pipelines combining different parameters for read trimming and taxonomic classification using different reference databases.

Results
The addition of concatenated reads to merged reads always increased pipeline performance. The top two performing pipelines both included read concatenation, with variable strengths depending on the mock community. The pipeline that combined merged and concatenated reads that were quality-trimmed performed best for mock communities with larger amplicons and higher average quality sequences. The pipeline that used length-trimmed concatenated reads outperformed quality trimming in mock communities with lower quality sequences but lost a significant amount of input sequences for taxonomic classification during processing. Genus level classification was more accurate using the SILVA reference database compared to Greengenes.

Conclusions
Merged sequences with the addition of concatenated sequences that were unable to be merged increased performance of taxonomic classifications. This was especially beneficial in mock communities with larger amplicons. We have shown for the first time, using an in-depth comparison of pipelines containing merged vs concatenated reads combined with different trimming parameters and reference databases, the potential advantages of concatenating sequences in improving resolution in microbiome investigations.
Electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve and its effects on the relationship between corticomuscular coherence and motor control in healthy adults
Authors: Koseki Tadaki , Kudo Daisuke , Katagiri Natsuki , Nanba Shigehiro , Nito Mitsuhiro , Tanabe Shigeo , Yamaguchi Tomofumi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Sensory input via neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may contribute to synchronization between motor cortex and spinal motor neurons and motor performance improvement in healthy adults and stroke patients. However, the optimal NMES parameters used to enhance physiological activity and motor performance remain unclear. In this study, we focused on sensory feedback induced by a beta-band frequency NMES (β-NMES) based on corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and investigated the effects of β-NMES on CMC and steady-state of isometric ankle dorsiflexion in healthy volunteers. Twenty-four participants received β-NMES at the peak beta-band CMC or fixed NMES (f-NMES) at 100 Hz on different days. NMES was applied to the right part of the common peroneal nerve for 20 min. The stimulation intensity was 95% of the motor threshold with a pulse width of 1 ms. The beta-band CMC and the coefficient of variation of force (Force CV) were assessed during isometric ankle dorsiflexion for 2 min. In the complementary experiment, we applied β-NMES to 14 participants and assessed beta-band CMC and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Results
No significant changes in the means of beta-band CMC, Force CV, and MEPs were observed before and after NMES conditions. Changes in beta-band CMC were correlated to (a) changes in Force CV immediately, at 10 min, and at 20 min after β-NMES (all cases, p < 0.05) and (b) changes in MEPs immediately after β-NMES (p = 0.01). No correlations were found after f-NMES.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the sensory input via NMES was inadequate to change the beta-band CMC, corticospinal excitability, and voluntary motor output. Whereas, the β-NMES affects the relationship between changes in beta-band CMC, Force CV, and MEPs. These findings may provide the information to develop NMES parameters for neurorehabilitation in patients with motor dysfunction.
Hydrogen sulfide prevents arterial medial calcification in rats with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Wang Fang-Zheng , Zhou Hong , Wang Hong-Yu , Dai Hang-Bing , Gao Qing , Qian Pei , Zhou Ye-Bo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Here, we tested whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can prevent AMC in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
DN was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin and high-fat diet (45% kcal as fat) containing 0.75% adenine in Sprague–Dawley rats for 8 weeks.

Results
Rats with DN displayed obvious calcification in aorta, and this was significantly alleviated by Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor, 50 μmol/kg/day for 8 weeks) treatment through decreasing calcium and phosphorus content, ALP activity and calcium deposition in aorta. Interestingly, the main endogenous H2S generating enzyme activity and protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) were largely reduced in the arterial wall of DN rats. Exogenous NaHS treatment restored CSE activity and its expression, inhibited aortic osteogenic transformation by upregulating phenotypic markers of smooth muscle cells SMα-actin and SM22α, and downregulating core binding factor α-1 (Cbfα-1, a key factor for bone formation), protein expressions in rats with DN when compared to the control group. NaHS administration also significantly reduced Stat3 activation, cathepsin S (CAS) activity and TGF-β1 protein level, and improved aortic elastin expression.

Conclusions
H2S may have a clinical significance for treating AMC in people with DN by reducing Stat3 activation, CAS activity, TGF-β1 level and increasing local elastin level.