bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-neutralizing antibodies bind a SARS-CoV-2 cryptic site and resist circulating variants
Authors: Li Tingting , Xue Wenhui , Zheng Qingbing , Song Shuo , Yang Chuanlai , Xiong Hualong , Zhang Sibo , Hong Minqing , Zhang Yali , Yu Hai , Zhang Yuyun , Sun Hui , Huang Yang , Deng Tingting , Chi Xin , Li Jinjin , Wang Shaojuan , Zhou Lizhi , Chen Tingting , Wang Yingbin , Cheng Tong , Zhang Tianying , Yuan Quan , Zhao Qinjian , Zhang Jun , McLellan Jason S. , Zhou Z. Hong , Zhang Zheng , Li Shaowei , Gu Ying , Xia Ningshao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe emergence of numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has presented new challenges to the global efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we obtain two cross-neutralizing antibodies (7D6 and 6D6) that target Sarbecoviruses’ receptor-binding domain (RBD) with sub-picomolar affinities and potently neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2. Crystal structures show that both antibodies bind a cryptic site different from that recognized by existing antibodies and highly conserved across Sarbecovirus isolates. Binding of these two antibodies to the RBD clashes with the adjacent N-terminal domain and disrupts the viral spike. Both antibodies confer good resistance to mutations in the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, our results have direct relevance to public health as options for passive antibody therapeutics and even active prophylactics. They can also inform the design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
Precise quantification of bacterial strains after fecal microbiota transplantation delineates long-term engraftment and explains outcomes
Authors: Aggarwala Varun , Mogno Ilaria , Li Zhihua , Yang Chao , Britton Graham J. , Chen-Liaw Alice , Mitcham Josephine , Bongers Gerold , Gevers Dirk , Clemente Jose C. , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Grinspan Ari , Faith Jeremiah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been successfully applied to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in humans, but a precise method to measure which bacterial strains stably engraft in recipients and evaluate their association with clinical outcomes is lacking. We assembled a collection of >1,000 different bacterial strains that were cultured from the fecal samples of 22 FMT donors and recipients. Using our strain collection combined with metagenomic sequencing data from the same samples, we developed a statistical approach named Strainer for the detection and tracking of bacterial strains from metagenomic sequencing data. We applied Strainer to evaluate a cohort of 13 FMT longitudinal clinical interventions and detected stable engraftment of 71% of donor microbiota strains in recipients up to 5 years post-FMT. We found that 80% of recipient gut bacterial strains pre-FMT were eliminated by FMT and that post-FMT the strains present persisted up to 5 years later, together with environmentally acquired strains. Quantification of donor bacterial strain engraftment in recipients independently explained (precision 100%, recall 95%) the clinical outcomes (relapse or success) after initial and repeat FMT. We report a compendium of bacterial species and strains that consistently engraft in recipients over time that could be used in defined live biotherapeutic products as an alternative to FMT. Our analytical framework and Strainer can be applied to systematically evaluate either FMT or defined live bacterial therapeutic studies by quantification of strain engraftment in recipients.
A comparative study on image-based snake identification using machine learning
Authors: Rajabizadeh Mahdi , Rezghi Mansoor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutomated snake image identification is important from different points of view, most importantly, snake bite management. Auto-identification of snake images might help the avoidance of venomous snakes and also providing better treatment for patients. In this study, for the first time, it’s been attempted to compare the accuracy of a series of state-of-the-art machine learning methods, ranging from the holistic to neural network algorithms. The study is performed on six snake species in Lar National Park, Tehran Province, Iran. In this research, the holistic methods [k-nearest neighbors (kNN), support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR)] are used in combination with a dimension reduction approach [principle component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)] as the feature extractor. In holistic methods (kNN, SVM, LR), the classifier in combination with PCA does not yield an accuracy of more than 50%, But the use of LDA to extract the important features significantly improves the performance of the classifier. A combination of LDA and SVM (kernel = 'rbf') is achieved to a test accuracy of 84%. Compared to holistic methods, convolutional neural networks show similar to better performance, and accuracy reaches 93.16% using MobileNetV2. Visualizing intermediate activation layers in VGG model reveals that just in deep activation layers, the color pattern and the shape of the snake contribute to the discrimination of snake species. This study presents MobileNetV2 as a powerful deep convolutional neural network algorithm for snake image classification that could be used even on mobile devices. This finding pave the road for generating mobile applications for snake image identification.
Investigating the hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution applying bee carcasses and corpses modified with Polyaniline
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ali , Samani Majid Riahi , Toghraie Davood 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are currently heavy metals in most industrial effluents which are among the most significant environmental pollutants. Hexavalent chromium is one of the most significant heavy metals. In this research for the first time, eliminating the hexavalent chromium from the aqueous medium/aquedia applying bee carcasses and corpses modified with polyethylene was examined. Adsorption experiments were conducted discontinuously on laboratory solutions, including hexavalent chromium. The optimal adsorption conditions such as different pH factors, contact time, initial chromium concentration, and adsorbent value on the adsorption rate were examined at different levels, and adsorption isotherms were plotted. Some adsorbent properties were examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, XRD analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and BET test to study the properties of the synthesized adsorbent. This study indicated that the highest percentage of removal related to polyethylene composite and bee carcasses in the presence of polyethylene glycol was 50.56% among the bee carcasses composites. The parameters effective on the adsorption process for polyethylene composite and bee carcasses and losses in the presence of polyethylene glycol suggested that the adsorption percentage increased for this composite by decreasing the pH, increasing the contact time, and increasing the adsorbent. The highest percentage of adsorption was obtained when the pH was 2, the contact time was 120 min and the adsorbent value was 8 g/L and the initial concentration of chromium was 100 ppm. The most optimal removal percentage was achieved at the pH = 2, the contact time was 30 min, and the adsorbent value was 2 g/L, and the initial chromium concentration was 100 ppm. The results of drawing adsorption isotherms also indicated that higher R2 had a better fit than Langmuir for polyethylene composite and bee carcasses in the polyethylene glycol Freundlich equation.
Integrated genomics point to immune vulnerabilities in pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Nastase Anca , Mandal Amit , Lu Shir Kiong , Anbunathan Hima , Morris-Rosendahl Deborah , Zhang Yu Zhi , Sun Xiao-Ming , Gennatas Spyridon , Rintoul Robert C. , Edwards Matthew , Bowman Alex , Chernova Tatyana , Benepal Tim , Lim Eric , Taylor Anthony Newman , Nicholson Andrew G. , Popat Sanjay , Willis Anne E. , MacFarlane Marion , Lathrop Mark , Bowcock Anne M. , Moffatt Miriam F. , Cookson William O. C. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPleural mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective therapies. In order to identify therapeutic targets, we integrated SNP genotyping, sequencing and transcriptomics from tumours and low-passage patient-derived cells. Previously unrecognised deletions of SUFU locus (10q24.32), observed in 21% of 118 tumours, resulted in disordered expression of transcripts from Hedgehog pathways and the T-cell synapse including VISTA. Co-deletion of Interferon Type I genes and CDKN2A was present in half of tumours and was a predictor of poor survival. We also found previously unrecognised deletions in RB1 in 26% of cases and show sub-micromolar responses to downstream PLK1, CHEK1 and Aurora Kinase inhibitors in primary mesothelioma cells. Defects in Hippo pathways that included RASSF7 amplification and NF2 or LATS1/2 mutations were present in 50% of tumours and were accompanied by micromolar responses to the YAP1 inhibitor Verteporfin. Our results suggest new therapeutic avenues in mesothelioma and indicate targets and biomarkers for immunotherapy.
Facile and reproducible method of stabilizing $$\hbox {Bi}_2\hbox {O}_3$$ phases confined in nanocrystallites embedded in amorphous matrix
Authors: Pietrzak Tomasz K. , Jarocka Agata , Jastrzębski Cezariusz , Płociński Tomasz , Wasiucionek Marek , Garbarczyk Jerzy E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBismuth sesquioxide ($$\hbox {Bi}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Bi
2

O
3

) draws much attention due to wide variety of phases in which it exists depending on the temperature. Among them, $$\delta$$
δ
phase is specially interesting because of its high oxide ion conductivity and prospects of applications as an electrolyte in fuel cells. Unfortunately, it is stable only in a narrow temperature range ca. 730–830 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C. Our group has developed a facile and reproducible two-stage method of stabilizing $$\hbox {Bi}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Bi
2

O
3

crystalline phases confined in nanocrystallites embedded in amorphous matrix. In the first stage, glassy materials were obtained by a routine melt-quenching method: pure $$\hbox {Bi}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Bi
2

O
3

powders were melted in porcelain crucibles and fast-cooled down to room temperature. In the second step, the materials were appropriately heat-treated to induce formation of crystallites of $$\beta$$
β
, $$\delta$$
δ
or $$\gamma$$
γ
$$\hbox {Bi}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Bi
2

O
3

phases confined in a glassy matrix, depending on the process conditions. It was found out that the vitrification of the initial $$\hbox {Bi}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Bi
2

O
3

and the subsequent nanocrystallization were unexpectedly possible due to the presence of some Al, and Si impurities from the crucibles. Systematic DTA, XRD, optical, Raman and SEM/EDS studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the syntheses processes and allowed us to determine conditions under which the particular phases appear and remain stable down to room temperature.
Age-dependent effects on radiation-induced carcinogenesis in the rat thyroid
Authors: Matsuu-Matsuyama Mutsumi , Shichijo Kazuko , Matsuda Katsuya , Fujimoto Nariaki , Kondo Hisayoshi , Miura Shiro , Kurashige Tomomi , Nagayama Yuji , Nakashima Masahiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChildhood radiation exposure is a known thyroid cancer risk factor. This study evaluated the effects of age on radiation-induced thyroid carcinogenesis in rats irradiated with 8 Gy X-rays. We analyzed cell proliferation, cell death, DNA damage response, and autophagy-related markers in 4-week-old (4W) and 7-month-old (7M) rats and the incidence of thyroid tumors in 4W, 4-month-old (4M), and 7M rats 18 months after irradiation. Cell death and DNA damage response were increased in 4W rats compared to those in controls at 1 month post-irradiation. More Ki-67-positive cells were observed in 4W rats at 12 months post-irradiation. Thyroid tumors were confirmed in 61.9% (13/21), 63.6% (7/11), and 33.3% (2/6) of irradiated 4W, 4M, and 7M rats, respectively, compared to 0%, 14.3% (1/7), and 16.7% (1/6) in the respective nonirradiated controls. There were 29, 9, and 2 tumors in irradiated 4W, 4M, and 7M rats, respectively. The expression of several autophagy components was downregulated in the area surrounding radiation-induced thyroid carcinomas in 4W and 7M rats. LC3 and p62 expression levels decreased in radiation-induced follicular carcinoma in 4W rats. Radiosensitive cells causing thyroid tumors may be more prevalent in young rats, and abrogation of autophagy may be associated with radiation-induced thyroid carcinogenesis.
Importance of medication adherence in treatment needed diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Kao Chia-Chen , Hsieh Hui-Min , Lee Daniel Yu , Hsieh Kun-Pin , Sheu Shwu-Jiuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe aim to investigate the role of medication adherence history in treatment needed diabetic retinopathy (TNDR). We conducted a retrospective nested case–control study using 3 population-based databases in Taiwan. The major one was the 2-million-sample longitudinal health and welfare population-based database from 1997 to 2017, a nationally representative random sample of National Health Insurance Administration enrolled beneficiaries in 2010 (LHID2010). The national death registry and national cancer registry were also checked to verify the information. The outcome was defined as the TNDR. The Medication possession ratio (MPR) was defined as the ratio of total days of diabetes mellitus (DM) medication supply divided by total observation days. MPR ≥ 80% was proposed as good medication adherence. The association of MPR and the TNDR was analyzed. Other potential confounders and MPR ratio were also evaluated. A total of (n = 44,628) patients were enrolled. Younger aged, male sex and patients with less chronic illness complexity or less diabetes complication severity tend to have poorer medication adherence. Those with severe comorbidity or participating pay-for-performance program (P4P) revealed better adherence. No matter what the characteristics are, patients with good MPR showed a significantly lower likelihood of leading to TNDR after adjustment with other factors. The protection effect was consistent for up to 5 years. Good medication adherence significantly prevents treatment needed diabetic retinopathy. Hence, it is important to promote DM medication adherence to prevent risks of diabetic retinopathy progression, especially those who opt to have low medication adherence.
Inclusion of double helix structural oligonucleotide (STexS) results in an enhance of SNP specificity in PCR
Authors: Kim Jae Jong , Park Hyoung-Min , Kyoung A. Young , Park In Kyung , Lim Si-Kyu , Park Byoung Chul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenetic mutations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are known as one of the most common forms which related to various genetic disorders and cancers. Among of the methods developed for efficient detection of such SNP, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are widely used worldwide for its cost and viable advantages. However, the technique to discriminate small amounts of SNP mixed in abundant normal DNA is incomplete due to intrinsic technical problems of PCR such as amplification occurring even in 3’mismatched cases because of high enzyme activity of DNA polymerases. To overcome the issue, specifically designed PCR platform, STexS (SNP typing with excellent specificity) using double stranded oligonucleotides was implemented as a means to emphasize the amplification of SNP templates by decreasing unwanted amplification of 3’mismatched DNA copies. In this study, the results indicate several EGFR mutations were easily detected specifically utilizing the STexS platform. Further trials show the novel method works effectively to discriminate mutations in not only general allele specific (AS)-PCRs, but also amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. The STexS platform will give aid in PCRs targeting potential SNPs or genetically mutated biomarkers in human clinical samples.
Treosulfan-induced myalgia in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation identified by an electronic health record text mining tool
Authors: van der Stoep M. Y. Eileen C. , Berghuis Dagmar , Bredius Robbert G. M. , Buddingh Emilie P. , Mohseny Alexander B. , Smiers Frans J. W. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Lankester Arjan C. , Zwaveling Juliette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTreosulfan is increasingly used as myeloablative agent in conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In our pediatric HSCT program, myalgia was regularly observed after treosulfan-based conditioning, which is a relatively unknown side effect. Using a natural language processing and text-mining tool (CDC), we investigated whether treosulfan compared with busulfan was associated with an increased risk of myalgia. Furthermore, among treosulfan users, we studied the characteristics of given treatment of myalgia, and studied prognostic factors for developing myalgia during treosulfan use. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) until 28 days after HSCT were screened using the CDC for myalgia and 22 synonyms. Time to myalgia, location of pain, duration, severity and drug treatment were collected. Pain severity was classified according to the WHO pain relief ladder. Logistic regression was performed to assess prognostic factors. 114 patients received treosulfan and 92 busulfan. Myalgia was reported in 37 patients; 34 patients in the treosulfan group and 3 patients in the busulfan group (p = 0.01). In the treosulfan group, median time to myalgia was 7 days (0–12) and median duration of pain was 19 days (4–73). 44% of patients needed strong acting opiates and adjuvant medicines (e.g. ketamine). Hemoglobinopathy was a significant risk factor, as compared to other underlying diseases (OR 7.16 95% CI 2.09–30.03, p = 0.003). Myalgia appears to be a common adverse effect of treosulfan in pediatric HSCT, especially in hemoglobinopathy. Using the CDC, EHRs were easily screened to detect this previously unknown side effect, proving the effectiveness of the tool. Recognition of treosulfan-induced myalgia is important for adequate pain management strategies and thereby for improving the quality of hospital stay.
Distinct mechanisms involving diacylglycerol, ceramides, and inflammation underlie insulin resistance in oxidative and glycolytic muscles from high fat-fed rats
Authors: Jani Shailee , Da Eira Daniel , Hadday Ishvinder , Bikopoulos George , Mohasses Arta , de Pinho Ricardo A. , Ceddia Rolando B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated whether oxidative and glycolytic rat skeletal muscles respond differently to a high-fat (HF) sucrose-enriched diet with respect to diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides accumulation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, glucose metabolism, and the expression of inflammatory genes. HF diet (8 weeks) suppressed insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation in soleus (Sol), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and epitrochlearis (Epit) muscles. However, DAG and ceramides levels increased in Sol and EDL, but not in Epit muscles of HF-fed rats. Additionally, membrane-bound PKC-delta and PKC-theta increased in Sol and EDL, whereas in Epit muscles both PKC isoforms were reduced by HF diet. In Epit muscles, HF diet also increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptors (CD40 and FAS), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-kB), whereas in Sol and EDL muscles the expression of these inflammatory genes remained unchanged upon HF feeding. In conclusion, HF diet caused DAG and ceramides accumulation, PKC activation, and the induction of inflammatory pathways in a fiber type-specific manner. These findings help explain why oxidative and glycolytic muscles similarly develop insulin resistance, despite major differences in their metabolic characteristics and responsiveness to dietary lipid abundance.
Hyperbeanone A, a 5,6-seco-spirocyclic polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative with an unprecedented skeleton from Hypericum beanii
Authors: Yang Beiye , Huang Jianzheng , Lin Shuang , Tong Qingyi , Yao Zeyu , Li Fengli , Ye Ying , Hu Zhengxi , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: September 2021

Hyperbeanone A (1), a novel 5,6-seco-polycyclic PPAP derivative characterized by an undescribed benz[f]indene-1,9(4H)-dione ring system fused to a tricyclic γ-lactone unit via a ketone carbonyl, was isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum beanii.
Digitale Technologien, forensische Altersdiagnostik und wissenswerte
Updates
Authors: Jung B. A. 
Published: September 2021

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen!In dieser Ausgabe haben wir für Sie einen bunten Strauß aus
gemischten Themenfeldern zusammengestellt. Den Auftakt bilden „Digitale
Technologien“ und wissenswerte Fakten zur „forensischen
Altersdiagnostik“. Darüber hinaus geben die Autoren Seeberger
und Weickum wichtige Hinweise zur zahnärztlichen-chirurgischen
Vorbereitung und Unterstützung kieferorthopädischer
Maßnahmen. Johan Wölber berichtet über den Einfluss der
Ernährung auf die Mundgesundheit und Christian Hirsch trägt
wissenswerte Fakten zu Wurzelresorptionen permanenter Zähne im Kindes-
und Jugendalter zusammen.
Epithetik 3D – Digitale Wege für die Gesichtsprothetik
Authors: Unkovskiy Alexey , Keutel Constanze , Spintzyk Sebastian , Hüttig Fabian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung mit Gesichtsprothesen (Epithesen) ist eine technische wie auch psychologische Herausforderung– für die betroffenen Patienten wie auch die Epithetiker und Behandler. Der technologische Fortschritt bei digitalen Prozessketten von der Erfassung, über die Weiterverarbeitung bis hin zur Fertigung erlaubt es in diesem Teilgebiet erhebliche Verbesserungen zu ermöglichen. So können kontaktlose Abformungen von Defekten die Belastungen für den Patienten reduzieren und das digitale Design die Laufzeit und Reproduzierbarkeit für die Versorger verbessern. Der 3D-Druck stellt in Aussicht, Prototypen bis hin zu fertigen Prothesen verlässlich fertigen zu können, wobei abschließende Individualisierungen auch langfristig noch nötig sein werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Grundzüge der Versorgung, den derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand und zukünftige Möglichkeiten bei der Versorgung von gesichtsversehrten Patienten.
Versorgung junger Patienten mit kraniofazialen Anomalien mittels digitaler Technologie im Tübinger Konzept
Authors: Xepapadeas Alexander B. , Aretxabaleta Maite , Spintzyk Sebastian , Wiechers Cornelia , Krimmel Michael , Weise Christina 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungFür die Behandlung junger Patienten mit kraniofazialen Anomalien ist die Entwicklung eines digitalen Workflows für das Design von Apparaturen auf Basis von intraoralen Scans die erste Hürde. Um die Sicherheit dieser Patientengruppe zu gewährleisten, werden potenzielle additiv oder subtraktiv gefertigte Materialien getestet und die Genauigkeit in vitro gemessen.
Einfluss der Ernährung auf die Mundgesundheit
Authors: Wölber Johan 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Ernährungsverhalten von Homo sapiens hat sich im Laufe der Menschheitsgeschichte stark verändert und stellt mittlerweile immer häufiger einen Grund für Erkrankungen dar. Dieser Beitrag möchte zeigen, welche Auswirkungen moderne Ernährung auf die Munderkrankungen hat und welche Ernährungsstrategien für Mundgesundheit genutzt werden können.