bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding rare species and estimating the probability that all occupied sites have been found
Authors: Becker Francois S. , Slingsby Jasper A. , Measey John , Tolley Krystal A. , Altwegg Res 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDetecting occupied sites of rare species, and estimating the probability that all occupied sites are known within a given area, are desired outcomes for many ecological or conservation projects. Examples include managing all occupied sites of a threatened species or eradicating an emerging invader. Occupied sites may remain undetected because (1) sites where the species potentially occurs had not been searched, and (2) the species could have been overlooked in the searched sites. For rare species, available data are typically scant, making it difficult to predict sites where the species probably occurs or to estimate detection probability in the searched sites. Using the critically endangered Rose's mountain toadlet (Capensibufo rosei), known from only two localities, we outline an iterative process aimed at estimating the probability that any unknown occupied sites remain and maximizing the chance of finding them. This includes fitting a species distribution model to guide sampling effort, testing model accuracy and sampling efficacy using the occurrence of more common proxy species, and estimating detection probability using sites of known presence. The final estimate of the probability that all occupied sites were found incorporates the uncertainties of uneven distribution, relative area searched, and detection probability. Our results show that very few occupied sites of C. rosei are likely to remain undetected. We also show that the probability of an undetected occupied site remaining will always be high for large unsearched areas of potential occurrence, but can be low for smaller areas intended for targeted management interventions. Our approach is especially useful for assessing uncertainty in species occurrences, planning the required search effort needed to reduce probability of unknown occurrence to desired levels, and identifying priority areas for further searches or management interventions.
Sex role similarity and sexual selection predict male and female song elaboration and dimorphism in fairy‐wrens
Authors: Odom Karan J. , Cain Kristal E. , Hall Michelle L. , Langmore Naomi E. , Mulder Raoul A. , Kleindorfer Sonia , Karubian Jordan , Brouwer Lyanne , Enbody Erik D. , Jones John Anthony , Dowling Jenélle L. , Leitão Ana V. , Greig Emma I. , Evans Christine , Johnson Allison E. , Meyers Kimberley K.‐A. , Araya‐Salas Marcelo , Webster Michael S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorically, bird song complexity was thought to evolve primarily through sexual selection on males; yet, in many species, both sexes sing and selection pressure on both sexes may be broader. Previous research suggests competition for mates and resources during short, synchronous breeding seasons leads to more elaborate male songs at high, temperate latitudes. Furthermore, we expect male–female song structure and elaboration to be more similar at lower, tropical latitudes, where longer breeding seasons and year‐round territoriality yield similar social selection pressures in both sexes. However, studies seldom take both types of selective pressures and sexes into account. We examined song in both sexes in 15 populations of nine‐fairy‐wren species (Maluridae), a Southern Hemisphere clade with female song. We compared song elaboration (in both sexes) and sexual song dimorphism to latitude and life‐history variables tied to sexual and social selection pressures and sex roles. Our results suggest that song elaboration evolved in part due to sexual competition in males: male songs were longer than female songs in populations with low male survival and less male provisioning. Also, female songs evolved independently of male songs: female songs were slower paced than male songs, although only in less synchronously breeding populations. We also found male and female songs were more similar when parental care was more equal and when male survival was high, which provides strong evidence that sex role similarity correlates with male–female song similarity. Contrary to Northern Hemisphere latitudinal patterns, male and female songs were more similar at higher, temperate latitudes. These results suggest that selection on song can be sex specific, with male song elaboration favored in contexts with stronger sexual selection. At the same time, selection pressures associated with sex role similarity appear to favor sex role similarity in song structure.
Diversity of European habitat types is correlated with geography more than climate and human pressure
Authors: Cervellini Marco , Di Musciano Michele , Zannini Piero , Fattorini Simone , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Agrillo Emiliano , Attorre Fabio , Angelini Pierangela , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Casella Laura , Field Richard , Fischer Jan‐Christopher , Genovesi Piero , Hoffmann Samuel , Irl Severin D. H. , Nascimbene Juri , Rocchini Duccio , Steinbauer Manuel , Vetaas Ole R. , Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHabitat richness, that is, the diversity of ecosystem types, is a complex, spatially explicit aspect of biodiversity, which is affected by bioclimatic, geographic, and anthropogenic variables. The distribution of habitat types is a key component for understanding broad‐scale biodiversity and for developing conservation strategies. We used data on the distribution of European Union (EU) habitats to answer the following questions: (i) how do bioclimatic, geographic, and anthropogenic variables affect habitat richness? (ii) Which of those factors is the most important? (iii) How do interactions among these variables influence habitat richness and which combinations produce the strongest interactions? The distribution maps of 222 terrestrial habitat types as defined by the Natura 2000 network were used to calculate habitat richness for the 10 km × 10 km EU grid map. We then investigated how environmental variables affect habitat richness, using generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and boosted regression trees. The main factors associated with habitat richness were geographic variables, with negative relationships observed for both latitude and longitude, and a positive relationship for terrain ruggedness. Bioclimatic variables played a secondary role, with habitat richness increasing slightly with annual mean temperature and overall annual precipitation. We also found an interaction between anthropogenic variables, with the combination of increased landscape fragmentation and increased population density strongly decreasing habitat richness. This is the first attempt to disentangle spatial patterns of habitat richness at the continental scale, as a key tool for protecting biodiversity. The number of European habitats is related to geography more than climate and human pressure, reflecting a major component of biogeographical patterns similar to the drivers observed at the species level. The interaction between anthropogenic variables highlights the need for coordinated, continental‐scale management plans for biodiversity conservation.
Avian disease surveillance on the island of San Cristóbal, Galápagos
Authors: Lynton‐Jenkins Joshua G. , Russell Andrew F. , Chaves Jaime , Bonneaud Camille 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEndemic island species face unprecedented threats, with many populations in decline or at risk of extinction. One important threat is the introduction of novel and potentially devastating diseases, made more pressing due to accelerating global connectivity, urban development, and climatic changes. In the Galápagos archipelago two important wildlife diseases: avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.) and avian malaria (Plasmodium spp. and related Haemosporidia) challenge endemic species. San Cristóbal island has seen a paucity of disease surveillance in avian populations, despite the island's connectedness to the continent and the wider archipelago. To survey prevalence and better understand the dynamics of these two diseases on San Cristóbal, we captured 1205 birds of 11 species on the island between 2016 and 2020. Study sites included urban and rural lowland localities as well as rural highland sites in 2019. Of 995 blood samples screened for avian haemosporidia, none tested positive for infection. In contrast, evidence of past and active pox infection was observed in 97 birds and identified as strains Gal1 and Gal2. Active pox prevalence differed significantly with contemporary climatic conditions, being highest during El Niño events (~11% in 2016 and in 2019 versus <1% in the La Niña year of 2018). Pox prevalence was also higher at urban sites than rural (11% to 4%, in 2019) and prevalence varied between host species, ranging from 12% in medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) to 4% in Yellow Warblers (Setophaga petechial aureola). In the most common infected species (Small Ground Finch: Geospiza fuliginosa), birds recovered from pox had significantly longer wings, which may suggest a selective cost to infection. These results illustrate the threat future climate changes and urbanization may present in influencing disease dynamics in the Galápagos, while also highlighting unknowns regarding species‐specific susceptibilities to avian pox and the transmission dynamics facilitating outbreaks within these iconic species.
Synthesis and Applications of Ferrocene‐Fused Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Bernardo Olaya , González‐Pelayo Silvia , López Luis A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe marriage of heterocyclic compounds with ferrocene has proven to be an extremely fruitful field of research. In fact, in the last years, several ferrocene‐embedded heterocyclic compounds have been reported. In some cases, the synergistic combination of the properties of the heterocyclic and metallacyclic motifs provides to the fused systems interesting applications. This Review summarizes the major advances in the synthesis of ferrocene‐fused nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and their applications, particularly in asymmetric catalysis.
Synthesis of 2‐Benzyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalenes via Oxidative Radical Opening/Cyclization of Methylenecyclopropanes with Potassium Benzyltrifluoroborates
Authors: Nie Yu , Cheng Li , Chen Lihui , Li Zhongxian , Leng Yuting , Wu Junliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA Copper‐catalyzed benzylation of methylenecyclopropanes with potassium benzyltrifluoroborate salts has been developed to produce 2‐benzyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalenes in moderate to good yields. This oxidative cyclization reaction proceeds well via a sequence of radical addition, ring‐opening, and cyclization. This protocol represents a new example of methylenecyclopropane oxidative cyclization and tolerates a diverse range of substrate.
The behavior of carboxylated and hydroxylated polythiophene as bioreceptor layer: Anti‐human IgG and human IgG interaction detection based on organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Song Yunjia , Wagner Justine , Katz Howard E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe sensing properties of poly 3‐(3‐carboxypropyl) thiophene‐2,5‐diyl (PT‐COOH) and hydroxylated polythiophene (PT‐OH) as bioreceptor layers were studied and are discussed in this paper. The polymer films cover the channel region of the OECT devices and anti‐human IgG was immobilized on the polymer films. We use threshold voltage (Vth) change as a sensing signal to detect the interaction between anti‐human IgG and human IgG. By adding different concentrations of human IgG, Vth difference can be observed on anti‐human IgG immobilized polymer films, with optimized detection from a blend of the two polymers. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurement was also done on the OECT devices based on the same anti‐human IgG and human IgG interaction pair to help us understand the mechanism behind the antibody functionalization and the interaction between antibody and antigen. Importantly, the observed positive OCP change for the PT‐OH system was self‐consistent with the negative OECT Vth change that was obtained, since the latter is applied to the gate while the former is measured at the channel.
Three‐component mathematics for students
Authors: Zhou Xinlin , Zeng Jieying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere has been a long‐standing debate on situational and symbolic mathematics, which is associated with how to design and execute mathematics education for all students. Brain studies can give some clues for how to deal with the debate. There are situational, verbalized, and visuospatial brain networks and the connectivity among the networks, which suggest the representation of mathematical knowledge should be situational, verbalized, and symbolic. Moreover, the representation should be mapped onto one another. Previous studies have shown the importance of situational and verbalized mathematics, but they are typically treated as preliminary and auxiliary introductions for formal symbolic mathematics. Each of the three mathematics types and their mapping would be the core learning goal in mathematics education.
Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography after full‐thickness bowel resection for rectosigmoid endometriosis: A multicentric experience with quantitative analysis
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Maletta Manuela , Malzoni Mario , Cosentino Francesco , Scambia Giovanni , Falcone Francesca , Coppola Marina , Turco Luigi C. , Borghese Giulia , Raffone Antonio , Casadio Paolo , Fabbri Claudio , Corsi Cristiana , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate effectiveness and reproducibility of qualitative and quantitative near‐infrared indocyanine green (NIR‐ICG) analyses as a tool for anastomotic perfusion assessment after full‐thickness bowel resection for rectosigmoid endometriosis (RSE).MethodsSymptomatic women with RSE undergoing minimally invasive full‐thickness surgical excision of RSE and NIR‐ICG evaluation from November 2019 to July 2020 were included. Study outcomes were the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative NIR‐ICG analyses in predicting bowel fistula and their reproducibility. NIR‐ICG predictive accuracy was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve on receiver operating characteristic curves with 95% confidence intervals (CI). NIR‐ICG reproducibility was assessed through Cohen's k coefficient to determine interoperator agreement between two observers.ResultsOf 33 patients, 2 (6%) developed bowel fistula. In predicting bowel fistula, qualitative and quantitative NIR‐ICG evaluations showed sensitivity of 100% and 100%, specificity of 71% and 93%, and area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI 0.67–1.00) and 0.96 (95% CI 0–1.00), respectively. Regarding interoperator agreement rate, it was reported as excellent for the qualitative analysis and very good for the quantitative analysis.ConclusionQualitative and quantitative NIR‐ICG evaluations might be effective and reproducible tools for anastomotic perfusion assessment after discoid or segmental resection for RSE. Quantitative evaluation might be even more effective than qualitative evaluation in predicting bowel fistula.
Drosophila as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases and digestive tract
Authors: Tzou Fei‐Yang , Wen Jung‐Kun , Yeh Jui‐Yu , Huang Shu‐Yi , Chen Guang‐Chao , Chan Chih‐Chiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAutophagy regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cytosolic components and damaged organelles. Disruption of autophagic flux has been shown to induce or facilitate neurodegeneration and accumulation of autophagic vesicles is overt in neurodegenerative diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila has been used as a model system to identify new factors that regulate physiology and disease. Here we provide a historical perspective of how the fly models have offered mechanistic evidence to understand the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy, and polyglutamine disorders. Autophagy also plays a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting organism health. The gastrointestinal tract regulates organism health by modulating food intake, energy balance, and immunity. Growing evidence is strengthening the link between autophagy and digestive tract health in recent years. Here, we also discuss how the fly models have advanced the understanding of digestive physiology regulated by autophagy.
A brief report on peer influence in group mentoring: A source of peer contagion or prosocial behavior change?
Authors: Joseph Hannah L. , Kuperminc Gabriel P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGroup mentoring programs foster supportive relationships and constructive feedback between mentors and peers. Given the power of peer influence to promote adaptive or harmful outcomes, it is important to evaluate peer influence in group mentoring. This study examined whether a history of negative behavior among peers in mentoring groups exacerbated individual participants' behavior problems. Using a sample of 239 ninth grade participants in a group mentoring program, multilevel regression assessed group‐level influence on suspensions and truancy using school administrative data records. The association between exposure to peers with a history of problem behaviors and outcomes did not reach statistical significance for either outcome. The results suggest that grouping youth with a history of poor attendance and suspensions did not inherently increase the risk for either outcome. Further evaluation of potential peer contagion effects and publication of nonsignificant results will help build literature to determine the likelihood of harmful outcomes for group mentoring.
Spatiotemporal water quality variability in a highly loaded surface flow wastewater treatment wetland
Authors: Hitchcock Daniel R. , Bell Natasha L. , Strosnider William , Smith Matt C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates spatiotemporal relationships between water quality parameters (WQPs), nutrients, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations within an engineered wastewater treatment wetland system in the Georgia Piedmont, USA. We explored factors related to treatment efficiency within a heavily loaded 630‐m2 surface flow wetland system over a 2‐yr period. Relationships between temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) were observed; relationships were also seen between these WQPs and nutrient concentrations. Because temperature, DO, and ORP affect nitrogen (N) cycling rates, seasonal trends in N forms were evident in the system. Organic N and inorganic/organic phosphorus concentrations correlated with solids concentrations in the vegetated system without exhibiting seasonal trends. Surface water within the vegetated section generally exhibited anoxic conditions, leading to removal of nitrate‐N within the system; however, limited mineralization and nitrification occurred, which greatly limited overall N removal. Plant selection and lack of maintenance likely led to high solids and BOD contributions to treatment wetland surface water, which varied substantially between and along monitored transects. Because so few studies have investigated treatment dynamics within treatment wetland cells, focusing solely on influent/effluent characterization, radical spatiotemporal variability may be the norm as opposed to the commonly accepted assumptions of relatively uniform pollutant degradation across treatment wetland cells. This spatiotemporal variability in WQPs underscores the dynamic nature of treatment wetlands and the need for routine maintenance, including sludge removal and plant harvesting.
From lone wolves to members of the pack: Exploring interpersonal identity work within identity workspaces
Authors: Bertolotti Fabiola , Tagliaventi Maria Rita , Dosi Clio 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIndividuals can experience the urge to realize their desired work selves, inspired either by the “roads not taken” in the past or positive images of the self in the future. Based on a qualitative study of healthcare professionals working in Italian community hospitals, we develop a process model of how communities of individuals who are unable to enact their desired work selves in their current occupations create new entities to act as identity workspaces to host their identity work. They may do so even if they hold different desired work selves, engaging in interpersonal identity work. The processes of identity work and collective creation of an identity workspace are intertwined since the identity work of one individual is in an ongoing dynamic relation with the identity work of other individuals. People converge to play out their desired work selves in an identity workspace which is supportive. However, the heterogeneity of the desired work selves involved can lead to the individual's identity work encroaching on the identity work of the others, and this heterogeneity results in impasse. This impasse is resolved only when individuals engage in interpersonal identity work, through mutual exploration and enactment of expanded work selves in an enabling identity workspace.
Femoral antetorsion after calcar‐guided short‐stem total hip arthroplasty: A cadaver study
Authors: Hochreiter Josef , Böhm Gernot , Fierlbeck Johann , Anderl Conrad , Birke Marco , Münger Peter , Ortmaier Reinhold 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCalcar‐guided short stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA) permit surgeons to successfully reconstruct postoperative femoroacetabular offset, accurately restore leg length, and adequately re‐establish a wide range of caput‐collum‐diaphyseal angles. However, their effect on femoral antetorsion is less known. Indeed, controlling antetorsion of the femoral stem can be challenging because of the differences in individual femoral geometry and curvature. Therefore, we investigated if calcar‐guided short‐stem THA alters femoral antetorsion and compared it with conventional‐stem THA. Using 12 Thiel‐fixed, full‐body cadaver specimens from donors without known hip disorders, we compared an uncemented calcar‐guided femoral short‐stem prosthesis with an uncemented conventional straight‐stem prosthesis. In a paired study setup, each specimen received a calcar‐guided short stem on one side and a conventional stem on the other. On the acetabular side, all specimens received a press‐fit, monobloc acetabular cup. Femoral antetorsion angles were measured using the Waidelich method, and pre‐ and post‐operative angles of both sides were recorded. The mean preoperative femoral antetorsion angles were similar in both groups (24.8°  ± 7.5° vs. 23.8° ± 6.1°, p = 0.313). Mean postoperative femoral antetorsion angles were 23.0° ± 5.5° in short‐stem and 13.5° ± 7.1° in conventional‐stem hips. Short‐stem hips had a small but nonsignificant difference in femoral antetorsion angles pre‐ and post‐operatively (1.8° ± 3.2°, p = 0.109), while the difference for conventional‐stem hips was much larger and highly significant (10.3° ± 5.8°, p < 0.001). Calcar‐guided short‐stem THA effectively restores femoral antetorsion. However, how this affects long‐term clinical outcomes and complications warrants further exploration.