bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Philosophy and the Incentivisation Challenge: a Proposed Application of the Bayesian Truth Serum
Authors: Schoenegger Philipp 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA key challenge in experimental social science research is the incentivisation of subjects such that they take the tasks presented to them seriously and answer honestly. If subject responses can be evaluated against an objective baseline, a standard way of incentivising participants is by rewarding them monetarily as a function of their performance. However, the subject area of experimental philosophy is such that this mode of incentivisation is not applicable as participant responses cannot easily be scored along a true-false spectrum by the experimenters. We claim that experimental philosophers’ neglect of and claims of unimportance about incentivisation mechanisms in their surveys and experiments has plausibly led to poorer data quality and worse conclusions drawn overall, potentially threatening the research programme of experimental philosophy in the long run. As a solution to this, we propose the adoption of the Bayesian Truth Serum, an incentive-compatible mechanism used in economics and marketing, designed for eliciting honest responding in subjective data designs by rewarding participant answers that are surprisingly common. We argue that the Bayesian Truth Serum (i) adequately addresses the issue of incentive compatibility in subjective data research designs and (ii) that it should be applied to the vast majority of research in experimental philosophy. Further, we (iii) provide an empirical application of the method, demonstrating its qualified impact on the distribution of answers on a number of standard experimental philosophy items and outline guidance for researchers aiming to apply this mechanism in future research by specifying the additional costs and design steps involved.
Psychological Well-Being of Trans* People in Italy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Critical Issues and Personal Experiences
Authors: Mirabella Marta , Senofonte Giulia , Giovanardi Guido , Lingiardi Vittorio , Fortunato Alexandro , Lombardo Francesco , Speranza Anna Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic represents risk to physical health and psychological well-being. Specifically, it causes concerns among minoritized communities, such as transgender/non-binary individuals. The study investigates the experience of this group in Italy during the pandemic and identifies risk factors that exerted negative impacts on psychological well-being and physical health.

Methods
The study developed an online questionnaire to investigate psychological status, access to medical health services, and factors such as predictors of risk outcomes among transgender/non-binary people during lockdown restrictions. Responses were collected (n = 256) on April 2020. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis of variance, and t-test were conducted.

Results
The respondents confirmed several issues, such as worries about the future (58.2%), negative emotions (46.9%), and self-uncertainty (52.7%) during the pandemic. Difficulties in undertaking hormone therapy and access to health facilities were reported. Living with family members represented a significant stressor for psychological well-being, whereas lack of support from LGBT + communities was reported. Subjects undergoing psychological therapy during the pandemic reported increases in depression, anxiety, somatization, and lack of privacy in the household.

Conclusions
The study findings provide a framework for critical aspects experienced by transgender/non-binary individuals during the pandemic. Specifically, the study provides evidence of the vulnerability of this population underlined by multiple difficulties.

Policy Implications
The study findings provide an overview of the experience of transgender and non-binary people during the pandemic, insights regarding risk factors, and aspects that require adequate attention and care.
On strongly coseparable modules
Authors: Ech-chaouy Rachid , Idelhadj Abdelouahab , Tribak Rachid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA module M is called $$\mathfrak {s}$$
s
-coseparable if for every nonzero submodule U of M such that M/U is finitely generated, there exists a nonzero direct summand V of M such that $$V \subseteq U$$

V
⊆
U

and M/V is finitely generated. It is shown that every non-finitely generated free module is $$\mathfrak {s}$$
s
-coseparable but a finitely generated free module is not, in general, $$\mathfrak {s}$$
s
-coseparable. We prove that the class of $$\mathfrak {s}$$
s
-coseparable modules over a right noetherian ring is closed under finite direct sums. We show that the class of commutative rings R for which every cyclic R-module is $$\mathfrak {s}$$
s
-coseparable is exactly that of von Neumann regular rings. Some examples of modules M for which every direct summand of M is $$\mathfrak {s}$$
s
-coseparable are provided.
Synthesis of activated carbon derived from chicken feather for Li-ion batteries through chemical and physical activation process
Authors: Hastuti Erna , Subhan Achmad , Puspitasari Devi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of activated carbon from biomass as an electrode for lithium-ion batteries is promising because of the low cost, natural abundance, and environmentally friendly. Chicken feather is a biomass that has the potential to be a source of activated carbon, because it contains keratin. The activation process affects the quality of activated carbon, thereby increasing battery performance. In this study, chicken feather waste was chemically activated using KOH and combined with physical activation at temperature variations of 750, 850 and 950 °C. The activation process significantly influenced electrochemical properties because of the difference in their microstructure. The activated carbon pyrolyzed at 850 °C (CFCA-850) shows the highest discharge capacity of 285.78 mAhg−1, good cycling stability and rate performance due to its higher interlayer spacing and large surface area. Furthermore, electronic conductivity and ion increase, thus improve battery performance.
A hybrid deep kernel incremental extreme learning machine based on improved coyote and beetle swarm optimization methods
Authors: Wu Di , Li Ting , Wan Qin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe iteration times and learning efficiency of kernel incremental extreme learning machines are always affected by the redundant nodes. A hybrid deep kernel incremental extreme learning machine (DKIELM) based on the improved coyote and beetle swarm optimization methods was proposed in this paper. A hybrid intelligent optimization algorithm based on the improved coyote optimization algorithm (ICOA) and improved beetle swarm optimization algorithm (IBSOA) was proposed to optimize the parameters and determine the number of effectively hidden layer neurons for the proposed DKIELM. A Gaussian global best-growing operator was adopted to replace the original growing operator in the intelligent optimization algorithm to improve COA searching efficiency and convergence. In the meantime, IBSOA was designed based on tent mapping inverse learning and dynamic mutation strategies to avoid falling into a local optimum. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed DKIELM with encouraging performances compared with other ELMs.
Botanical Interventions to Improve Glucose Control and Options for Diabetes Therapy
Authors: Smoak Peter , Burke Susan J. , Collier J. Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. This endocrine disease is clustered into distinct subtypes based on the route of development, with the most common forms associated with either autoimmunity (T1DM) or obesity (T2DM). A shared hallmark of both major forms of diabetes is a reduction in function (insulin secretion) or mass (cell number) of the pancreatic islet beta-cell. Diminutions in both mass and function are often present. A wide assortment of plants have been used historically to reduce the pathological features associated with diabetes. In this review, we provide an organized viewpoint focused around the phytochemicals and herbal extracts investigated using various preclinical and clinical study designs. In some cases, crude extracts were examined directly, and in others, purified compounds were explored for their possible therapeutic efficacy. A subset of these studies compared the botanical product with standard of care prescribed drugs. Finally, we note that botanical formulations are likely suspects for future drug discovery and refinement into class(es) of compounds that have either direct or adjuvant therapeutic benefit.
The emerging role of mechanical and topographical factors in the development and treatment of nervous system disorders: dark and light sides of the force
Authors: Bryniarska-Kubiak Natalia , Kubiak Andrzej , Lekka Małgorzata , Basta-Kaim Agnieszka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNervous system diseases are the subject of intensive research due to their association with high mortality rates and their potential to cause irreversible disability. Most studies focus on targeting the biological factors related to disease pathogenesis, e.g. use of recombinant activator of plasminogen in the treatment of stroke. Nevertheless, multiple diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease still lack successful treatment. Recently, evidence has indicated that physical factors such as the mechanical properties of cells and tissue and topography play a crucial role in homeostasis as well as disease progression. This review aims to depict these factors’ roles in the progression of nervous system diseases and consequently discusses the possibility of new therapeutic approaches. The literature is reviewed to provide a deeper understanding of the roles played by physical factors in nervous system disease development to aid in the design of promising new treatment approaches.
Graphic abstract
The Structure of the Upper Mantle Transition Zone Beneath Northeast China Associated With Mantle Plume Migration
Authors: He Chuansong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe stagnation and dehydration of the Pacific Plate slab in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) are widely accepted to have resulted in Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activities and the formation of the Songliao Basin in NE China. However, this notion has been challenged by recent seismic studies. Alternatively, a mantle plume may have generated the large‐scale volcanism and may have led to the formation of the Songliao Basin. In this study, a detailed analysis involving common conversion point stacking of receiver functions was carried out. The results reveal a significantly deepened region of the 410 km discontinuity and an elevated region of the 660 km discontinuity in the center of NE China (specifically, the Songliao Basin). The combination of these results with those of a previous study suggests that an upwelling mantle plume was located under the Songliao Basin in the Mesozoic. Furthermore, the distinctive structure of the MTZ beneath the southern part of the Songliao Basin identified in this study corresponds to mantle plume upwelling (a mushroom‐shaped low‐velocity anomaly), which may be related to the Changbaishan volcanic activity in the Cenozoic.
Evidence of Seismic Slip on a Large Splay Fault in the Hikurangi Subduction Zone
Authors: Coffey Genevieve L. , Savage Heather M. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Meneghini Francesca , Ikari Matt J. , Fagereng Åke , Morgan Julia K. , Wang Maomao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Hikurangi subduction zone is capable of producing moderate to large earthquakes as well as regularly repeating slow slip events. However, it is unclear what structures host these different slip styles along the margin. Here we address whether splay faults can host seismic slip at shallow (<1 km) depth by investigating the Pāpaku fault, sampled during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 375. We use biomarker thermal maturity to search for evidence of frictional heating within turbiditic sediments of the Pāpaku fault. Four zones of localized high temperature are found near the top of the fault zone, which are interpreted to be zones of localized seismic slip. Thermal modeling shows that the most likely maximum displacement on the shallow Pāpaku fault during each event was 14–17 m. Our results demonstrate that the Pāpaku fault, and potentially other splay faults along the margin, host coseismic slip and have the potential to produce large tsunami (e.g., runup heights of >1 m as observed in the 1947 Poverty and Tolaga Bay earthquakes.
Equatorial Nighttime Thermospheric Zonal Wind Jet Response to the Temporal Oscillation of Solar Wind
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Wang Wenbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work investigates the response of the equatorial thermospheric wind jet to the temporal oscillation of the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field using Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations and CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload observations. The thermospheric wind jet is formed in the magnetic equatorial region with the strongest zonal winds. Both the morning westward jet and the nighttime eastward wind jet at the dip equator decrease during the oscillation periods of IMF Bz. Ion drag dominates the deceleration of the equatorial eastward wind jet in the nighttime, with a minor contribution from the viscous force. The relative motion between the ions and neutrals has a dominant influence on the ion drag at the 60–180°W and 107–180°E geographic longitude; at other longitudes, both relative velocity (∆velocity) and electron density changes (∆Ne) are dominant. Moreover, the decrease in the equatorial eastward wind jet at 20 magnetic local time, which is also driven by ion drag, is significant above 270 km. The generation of the equatorial westward wind jet disturbance is significantly influenced by ∆velocity at all altitudes, whereas ∆Ne becomes important below 450 km.
Realistic Electron Diffusion Rates and Lifetimes Due to Scattering by Electron Holes
Authors: Shen Yangyang , Vasko Ivan Y. , Artemyev Anton , Malaspina David M. , Chu Xiangning , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Zhang Xiao‐Jia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlasma sheet electron precipitation into the diffuse aurora is critical for magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. Recent studies have shown that electron phase space holes can pitch‐angle scatter electrons and may produce plasma sheet electron precipitation. These studies have assumed identical electron hole parameters to estimate electron scattering rates (Vasko et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039687). In this study, we have re‐evaluated the efficiency of this scattering by incorporating realistic electron hole properties from direct spacecraft observations into computing electron diffusion rates and lifetimes. The most important electron hole properties in this evaluation are their distributions in velocity and spatial scale and electric field root‐mean‐square intensity (). Using direct measurements of electron holes during a plasma injection event observed by the Van Allen Probe at , we find that when 4 mV/m electron lifetimes can drop below 1 h and are mostly within strong diffusion limits at energies below 10 keV. During an injection observed by the THEMIS spacecraft at , electron holes with even typical intensities (1 mV/m) can deplete low‐energy (a few keV) plasma sheet electrons within tens of minutes following injections and convection from the tail. Our results confirm that electron holes are a significant contributor to plasma sheet electron precipitation during injections.
Solar Wind Entry Into Midtail Current Sheet via Low‐Latitude Mantle Under Dominant IMF By: ARTEMIS Observation
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Xing Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is expected from global simulations that the low‐latitude mantle may be an important pathway for the solar wind entry into the tail current sheet when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By is dominant, which is different from the pathways for northward or southward IMF dominant conditions. To evaluate this pathway and the predicted plasma asymmetries between the southern and northern lobes resulting from the low‐latitude mantle, we analyze 222 current sheet crossing events observed in the midtail. Each of the events is selected to have the spacecraft observe both lobes within 20 min. For the majority of the events, the different north‐south asymmetries of the lobe density observed on the dawnside and duskside corresponding to different IMF By directions are consistent with the appearance of the low‐latitude mantle plasma. No significant north‐south asymmetry in the lobe magnetic field strength is found so that the density asymmetry also results in north‐south asymmetric lobe Alfvén speed. Within the tail current sheet, the cross‐tail profiles show that density can be higher, but temperatures and peak flow speed lower, near the flanks than near midnight. Magnitudes of these current sheet plasma parameters are found to positively correlate with the values of the asymmetric lobe parameters concurrently observed, indicating that the low‐latitude mantle can be a particle source for the current sheet. Also, the asymmetric lobe parameters are positively correlated with some solar wind parameters. These good correlations support the expectation that the pathway through the low‐latitude mantle becomes more important as the IMF By becomes more dominant.
Systematic review of the impact of cannabinoids on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Bhatti Faheem I. , Mowforth Oliver D. , Butler Max B. , Bhatti Aniqah I. , Adeeko Sylva , Akhbari Melika , Dilworth Rory , Grodzinski Ben , Osunronbi Temidayo , Ottewell Luke , Teh Jye Quan , Robinson Sophie , Suresh Gayathri , Waheed Unaiza , Walker Benn , Kuhn Isla , Smith Lara , Bartlett Richard D. , Davies Benjamin M. , Kotter Mark R. N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudy designSystematic review.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of cannabinoids on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of nontraumatic and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), with the aim of determining suitability for clinical trials involving SCI patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed in MEDLINE and Embase databases, following registration with PROPSERO (CRD42019149671). Studies evaluating the impact of cannabinoids (agonists or antagonists) on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of nontraumatic and traumatic SCI were included. Data extracted from relevant studies, included sample characteristics, injury model, neurobehavioural outcomes assessed and study results. PRISMA guidelines were followed and the SYRCLE checklist was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsThe search returned 8714 studies, 19 of which met our inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 23 to 390 animals. WIN 55,212-2 (n = 6) and AM 630 (n = 8) were the most used cannabinoid receptor agonist and antagonist respectively. Acute SCI models included traumatic injury (n = 16), ischaemia/reperfusion injury (n = 2), spinal cord cryoinjury (n = 1) and spinal cord ischaemia (n = 1). Assessment tools used assessed locomotor function, pain and anxiety. Cannabinoid receptor agonists resulted in statistically significant improvement in locomotor function in 9 out of 10 studies and pain outcomes in 6 out of 6 studies.ConclusionModulation of the endo-cannabinoid system has demonstrated significant improvement in both pain and locomotor function in pre-clinical SCI models; however, the risk of bias is unclear in all studies. These results may help to contextualise future translational clinical trials investigating whether cannabinoids can improve pain and locomotor function in SCI patients.
NKG2D-CAR-transduced natural killer cells efficiently target multiple myeloma
Authors: Leivas Alejandra , Valeri Antonio , Córdoba Laura , García-Ortiz Almudena , Ortiz Alejandra , Sánchez-Vega Laura , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Fernández Lucía , Carreño-Tarragona Gonzalo , Pérez Manuel , Megías Diego , Paciello María Liz , Sánchez-Pina Jose , Pérez-Martínez Antonio , Lee Dean A. , Powell Daniel J. , Río Paula , Martínez-López Joaquín 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCAR-T-cell therapy against MM currently shows promising results, but usually with serious toxicities. CAR-NK cells may exert less toxicity when redirected against resistant myeloma cells. CARs can be designed through the use of receptors, such as NKG2D, which recognizes a wide range of ligands to provide broad target specificity. Here, we test this approach by analyzing the antitumor activity of activated and expanded NK cells (NKAE) and CD45RA− T cells from MM patients that were engineered to express an NKG2D-based CAR. NKAE cells were cultured with irradiated Clone9.mbIL21 cells. Then, cells were transduced with an NKG2D-4-1BB-CD3z-CAR. CAR-NKAE cells exhibited no evidence of genetic abnormalities. Although memory T cells were more stably transduced, CAR-NKAE cells exhibited greater in vitro cytotoxicity against MM cells, while showing minimal activity against healthy cells. In vivo, CAR-NKAE cells mediated highly efficient abrogation of MM growth, and 25% of the treated mice remained disease free. Overall, these results demonstrate that it is feasible to modify autologous NKAE cells from MM patients to safely express a NKG2D-CAR. Additionally, autologous CAR-NKAE cells display enhanced antimyeloma activity demonstrating that they could be an effective strategy against MM supporting the development of NKG2D-CAR-NK-cell therapy for MM.
IGF2BP2-modified circular RNA circARHGAP12 promotes cervical cancer progression by interacting m6A/FOXM1 manner
Authors: Ji Fei , Lu Yang , Chen Shaoyun , Yu Yan , Lin Xiaoling , Zhu Yuanfang , Luo Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that circular RNA (circRNA) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) play critical roles in cervical cancer. However, the synergistic effect of circRNA and m6A on cervical cancer progression is unclear. In the present study, our sequencing data revealed that a novel m6A-modified circRNA (circARHGAP12, hsa_circ_0000231) upregulated in the cervical cancer tissue and cells. Interestingly, the m6A modification of circARHGAP12 could amplify its enrichment. Functional experiments illustrated that circARHGAP12 promoted the tumor progression of cervical cancer in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, MeRIP-Seq illustrated that there was a remarkable m6A site in FOXM1 mRNA. CircARHGAP12 interacted with m6A reader IGF2BP2 to combine with FOXM1 mRNA, thereby accelerating the stability of FOXM1 mRNA. In conclusion, we found that circARHGAP12 exerted the oncogenic role in cervical cancer progression through m6A-dependent IGF2BP2/FOXM1 pathway. These findings may provide new concepts for cervical cancer biology and pathological physiology.
Regulation of the bi-color fluorescence changes of AIE supramolecular self-assembly gels by interaction with Al3+ and energy transfer
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Yue Jinlong , Qiao Bo , Zhou Lili , Gao Yang , Wang Yipei , Lai Yingshan , Geng Yutao , Feng Enke , Liu Minghua 
Published: August 2021

A new supramolecular gel can serve both as a selective fluorescence sensing system for Al3+ and light-harvesting energy donor with several kinds of dyes. This demonstrates an example as a multi-function light-emitting material.
Analysis of a hybrid quantum network for classification tasks
Authors: Hellstern Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the era of noisy intermediate scaled quantum computers, one of the possible applications to search for an advantage of quantum computing is machine learning. Here, we report about an analysis, where a hybrid quantum‐classical network is applied to classify non‐trivial datasets (finance and MNIST data). In comparison to a pure classical network, we find an advantage when looking at several performance measures. As in classical machine learning, problems around overfitting the dataset arise. Therefore, we explore different possibilities to regularise the network.