bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change would prevail over land use change in shaping the future distribution of Triturus marmoratus in France
Authors: Préau Clémentine , Bertrand Romain , Sellier Yann , Grandjean Frédéric , Isselin‐Nondedeu Francis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate and land use/land cover (LULC) change are two major global change factors driving shifts in the location of suitable areas for many species. Here, we assessed if a low‐vagility newt, Triturus marmoratus, can track displacement of suitable areas by 2100, and tested whether climate or LULC changes are primary drivers of the species’ future distribution. We combined niche modelling with the process‐based model simRShift to improve biological relevance and simulate species dispersal by 2100 under scenarios of climate and LULC changes at high spatial resolution. Our results show that T. marmoratus could lose a significant part of its current French range in the coming decades, and that the range loss will primarily be driven by climate change, with LULC change playing a secondary role. The species seems unlikely to be able to track the northern shift of its suitable habitat as rapidly as required given the rate of climate warming during the 21st century. This is due to insufficient dispersal ability, which is compounded by the magnitude of habitat fragmentation in the human‐dominated landscape. We highlight the need to assess vulnerability and anticipate threats arising from global change even for species that are not currently considered endangered. We identified areas where the species is most likely to occur and be extinct in the future, which can serve as a guide for population monitoring. Our framework can support conservation strategy development by defining ecological corridors that would assist species to track their required habitats in the face of global change.
Fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in south‐east Queensland, Australia
Authors: Mahat Kiran , Clarke Anthony R 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOpiine braconids include natural enemies of tephritid fruit flies, and interest in their greater utilisation for fruit fly control is growing. However, there is a lack of basic data on the prevalence and impact of these wasps for most regions of Australia. We sampled fruit fly host fruits from urbanised and peri‐urban locations of south‐east Queensland and reared out parasitoids and their host flies to determine the regional parasitoid community and how parasitism varied across time and habitat type. A total of 4969 fruits were collected from which 21 277 tephritid puparia were obtained. Of 12 601 fruit flies that emerged, the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, was the dominant species. A total of 5736 parasitoids, representing four species, were recovered from both suburban and peri‐urban sites. For all samples combined, the average parasitism rate was 30%. The exotic, egg–larval–pupal parasitoid Fopius arisanus represented 81% of the parasitoids collected and was recovered from all of the 13 host fruit species sampled. The second most common species, the native larval–pupal parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha kraussii, represented 15% of recovered parasitoids and was collected from a smaller range of host fruit species. The remaining two parasitoids, Diachasmimorpha tryoni and Psyttalia fijiensis, were rare in samples. Parasitoid infestation was highly variable across samples, with higher rates of parasitism observed from October to May. A targeted field experiment to measure differences in parasitism by D. kraussii between urban and peri‐urban habitats detected no variation in the abundance of D. kraussii across habitats, a result consistent with the general survey. The data show that for south‐east Queensland, parasitoids are a significant fruit fly mortality factor in both peri‐urban and urban landscapes. Any manipulation of parasitoids for regional pest management should focus on conservation of F. arisanus.
Review article: non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: associations and treatment considerations
Authors: Polyzos Stergios A. , Kechagias Stergios , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundThere are increasing data on the association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).AimTo summarise evidence on the association between NAFLD and CVD in the clinical setting and provide potential therapeutic implications.MethodsWe searched PubMed. Evidence was primarily derived from meta‐analyses. and then, if data were insufficient, from clinical trials, and then from observational studies.ResultsNAFLD has been linked to arterial hypertension, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and aortic valvular sclerosis. Advanced liver fibrosis is a crucial prognostic factor for end‐stage liver disease and for cardiovascular and overall mortality. Weight loss through lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise) remains the cornerstone of the management of both NAFLD and CVD, but is difficult to achieve and possibly more difficult to sustain long term. Therefore, pharmacological management of NAFLD seems to be important, although no licenced medication currently exists. Pioglitazone, proposed for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by most guidelines, increases weight and should be avoided in congestive heart failure. Statins should not be avoided in NAFLD patients at risk for CVD. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors, two classes of anti‐diabetic drugs, have shown promising results in NAFLD and CVD, but more studies with hard end points are needed. Obeticholic acid, a promising medication for NASH under investigation, should be carefully considered, owing to its adverse effect on lipid profile.ConclusionsNAFLD is associated with CVD, which may have certain clinical and therapeutic implications.
Individual and ‘national’ healthcare rights: Analysing the potential conflicts
Authors: Da Silva Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndividual rights to healthcare (RTHCs) are increasingly common in law. Yet even plausible theoretical defences thereof raise a classic problem in the philosophy of rights: How do individual rights relate to ‘collective’ rights within the same domain? Collective rights are common in international law and in the domestic laws of states that recognize RTHCs. These collective rights often include health‐related components. There are at least prima facie plausible reasons to think that such collective ‘health rights’ should exist. A complete account of health rights should thus explain how individual and collective health rights claims relate to one another and what one should do in cases where the claims conflict. This work contributes to our understanding of health rights by analysing the relationship between individual RTHCs and a plausible candidate collective health right, namely a sub‐state national right to control healthcare law and policy. It argues that concerns about rights conflicts in this context make sense, but genuine conflicts between individual health rights and national control over healthcare are rare. The strongest cases for sub‐state national ‘self‐determination’ rights do not implicate healthcare, or tend not to provide reasons to override any individual RTHCs. Conflicts are possible in rare cases and may even favour fulfilling the collective rights claims. Yet individual RTHCs remain important even in those cases. Individual rights remain useful measures for evaluating the exercise of collective rights: exercises that violate (or even fail to fulfil) individual health rights are worse for so doing.
Advancing opportunities for children’s informal STEM learning transfer through parent–child narrative reflection
Authors: Marcus Maria , Tõugu Pirko , Haden Catherine A. , Uttal David H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examined whether families’ conversational reflections after a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)‐related experience in a museum promoted learning transfer. 63 children (M = 6.93 years; 30 girls; 57% White, 17.5% Latinx, 8% Asian, 5% African American, 9.5% mixed, 3% missing race/ethnicity) and their parents received an engineering demonstration, engaged in a building activity, and either recorded a photo‐narrative reflection about their building experience or not at the museum. Thirty‐six of these families completed a building activity with different materials weeks later at home, and the majority (77%) evidenced learning transfer of the building principle demonstrated at the museum. Those who participated in the photo‐narrative reflection at the museum also showed learning transfer by talking more about STEM during the home building activity.
Clinical and molecular delineation of PUS3‐associated neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Nøstvik Miriam , Kateta Sarah M. , Schönewolf‐Greulich Bitten , Afenjar Alexandra , Barth Magalie , Boschann Felix , Doummar Diane , Haack Tobias B. , Keren Boris , Livshits Ludmila A. , Mei Davide , Park Joohyun , Pisano Tiziana , Prouteau Clement , Umair Muhammad , Waqas Ahmed , Ziegler Alban , Guerrini Renzo , Møller Rikke S. , Tümer Zeynep 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiallelic variants in PUS3 have recently been recognized as a rare cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Pseudouridine synthase‐3 encoded by PUS3 is an enzyme important for modification of various RNAs, including transfer RNA (tRNA). Here we present the clinical and genetic features of 21 individuals with biallelic PUS3 variants: seven new and 14 previously reported individuals, where clinical features of two were updated. The clinical and genetic information were collected through collaborations or by literature search. All individuals were characterized by the local clinicians and the gene variants were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) based methodologies. The clinical picture was dominated by global developmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia and microcephaly. Gray sclera, which has previously been suggested to be a characteristic feature of PUS3‐associated phenotypes, was reported in only seven individuals. The patients had some dysmorphic facial features, but a recognizable gestalt was not observed. In conclusion, homozygous and compound heterozygous PUS3 variants lead to a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. Further functional studies are necessary to understand involvement of PUS3 and tRNA biogenesis in normal and abnormal brain development.
Contact allergy to fragrance mix I and its components in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen
Authors: Marmgren Victoria , Mowitz Martin , Zimerson Erik , Hindsén Monica , Bruze Magnus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundContact allergy to fragrance mix I (FM I) is over‐represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen. The prevalence of contact allergy to two components of FM I, cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol, in ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients is higher than in dermatitis patients.ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of contact allergy to FM I and its individual components in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen, and to compare with a dermatitis and the general population.MethodsData on patch and photopatch tests performed between 2009‐2018 were collected. Ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients were compared with dermatitis patients and published data on the general population regarding the prevalence and the distribution of contact allergy to FM I and its components.ResultsA higher prevalence of contact allergy to cinnamyl alcohol compared with cinnamal (23.3% vs 10.0%), and eugenol compared with isoeugenol (23.3% vs 6.7%), was observed in ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients, while the relationship was the opposite in the dermatitis group (0.7% vs 1.05%; 0.4% vs 0.9%). The overall prevalence of contact allergy to several components of FM I was significantly higher in ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients.ConclusionsContact allergy to FM I and many of its components is over‐represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen compared with dermatitis patients and the general population.
Replacing “parachute science” with “global science” in ecology and conservation biology
Authors: Asase Alex , Mzumara‐Gawa Tiwonge I. , Owino Jesse O. , Peterson Andrew T. , Saupe Erin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiodiversity remains relatively unknown and understudied in many parts of the developing world with significant information gaps, in stark contrast to many areas in the developed world, where knowledge about biodiversity can approach encyclopedic. Access to resources, such as funding, data, information, expertise, and biological collections (often collected by colonial‐era scientists from across the developing world), is often quite limited for developing‐world scientists. The life of a biodiversity scientist in the developing world is therefore one of manifold dilemmas and challenges, as well as numerous opportunities. Although collaborations exist between developing‐world scientists and developed‐world scientists, too many of those collaborations are not deep or permanent, and developing‐world scientists are too often relegated to a subordinate role. The focus in this contribution is on providing suggestions for how to open and build access to resources for developing‐world scientists. Everyone benefits if developing‐world and developed‐world scientists work together collaboratively to pose interesting and novel questions, generate new data, update existing data, carry out analyses, and arrive at interesting insights and interpretations. In this way, the biodiversity science community can replace “parachute” science with “global science.”
Evaluation of drug‐drug interaction potential between omecamtiv mecarbil and rosuvastatin, a BCRP substrate, with a clinical study in healthy subjects and using a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Trivedi Ashit , Sohn Winnie , Kulkarni Priyanka , Jafarinasabian Pegah , Zhang Hanze , Spring Marintan , Flach Stephen , Abbasi Siddique , Wahlstrom Jan , Lee Edward , Dutta Sandeep 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOmecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a novel cardiac myosin activator in development for the treatment of heart failure. In vitro, OM is an inhibitor of BCRP. Rosuvastatin, a BCRP substrate, is one of the most commonly prescribed medications in patients with heart failure. The potential for a pharmacokinetic (PK) drug‐drug interaction (DDI) was investigated, specifically to determine whether a single 50 mg dose of OM would impact the PKs of a single 10 mg dose of rosuvastatin in an open‐label study in 14 healthy subjects. The ratios of the geometric least‐square means (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of rosuvastatin co‐administered with OM compared to rosuvastatin alone were 127.1% (90% CI 113.8–141.9), 132.8% (90% CI 120.7–146.1), and 154.2% (90% CI 132.8–179.1) for area under the plasma‐concentration time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf), area under the plasma‐concentration time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUClast), and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), respectively. Whereas the DDI study with rosuvastatin was conducted with the co‐administration of a single dose of OM, in the clinical setting, patients receive OM at doses of 25, 37.5, or 50 mg twice daily (b.i.d.). Hence, to extrapolate the results of the DDI study to a clinically relevant scenario of continuous b.i.d. dosing with OM, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was performed to explore the potential of BCRP inhibition following continuous b.i.d. dosing of OM at the highest 50 mg dose. Modeling results indicated that following 50 mg b.i.d. dosing of OM, the predicted ratios of the geometric means (90% CIs) for rosuvastatin AUCinf and Cmax were 1.18 (90% CI 1.16–1.20) and 2.04 (90% CI 1.99–2.10), respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that OM, following multiple dose administration, is a weak inhibitor of BCRP substrates and is in accordance with that observed in the single dose OM DDI clinical study.
Evaluating models for predicting microclimates across sparsely vegetated and topographically diverse ecosystems
Authors: Baker David J. , Dickson Catherine R. , Bergstrom Dana M. , Whinam Jennie , Maclean Ilya M.D. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimMicroclimate information is often crucial for understanding ecological patterns and processes, including under climate change, but is typically absent from ecological and biogeographic studies owing to difficulties in obtaining microclimate data. Recent advances in microclimate modelling, however, suggest that microclimate conditions can now be predicted anywhere at any time using hybrid physically and empirically based models. Here, we test these methods across a sparsely vegetated and topographically diverse sub‐Antarctic island ecosystem (Macquarie Island).InnovationMicroclimate predictions were generated at a height of 4 cm above the surface on a 100 × 100 m elevation grid across the island for the snow‐free season (Oct–Mar), with models driven by either climate reanalysis data (CRA) or CRA data augmented with meteorological observations from the island's automatic weather station (AWS+CRA). These models were compared with predictions from a simple lapse rate model (LR), where an elevational adjustment was applied to hourly temperature measurements from the AWS. Prediction errors tended to be lower for AWS+CRA‐driven models, particularly when compared to the CRA‐driven models. The AWS+CRA and LR models had similar prediction errors averaged across the season for Tmin and Tmean, but prediction errors for Tmax were much smaller for the former. The within‐site correlation between observed and predicted daily Tmean was on average >0.8 in all months for AWS+CRA predictions and >0.7 in all months for LR predictions, but consistently lower for CRA predictions.Main conclusionsPrediction of microclimate conditions at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales is now possible using hybrid models, and these often provide added value over lapse rate models, particularly for daily extremes and when driven by in situ meteorological observations. These advances will help add the microclimate dimension to ecological and biogeographic studies and aid delivery of climate change‐resilient conservation planning in climate change‐exposed ecosystems.
Tranexamic acid versus fractional carbon dioxide laser in post‐acne hyperpigmentation
Authors: Tawfic Shereen Osama , Abdel Hay Rania , Salim Hadeel , Elmasry Maha Fathy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPost‐acne hyperpigmentation is a common undesirable sequela of acne vulgaris that causes distress for many patients. This study's objective was to compare the efficacy of both low‐power/low‐density fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and tranexamic acid (TXA) microinjection on post‐acne hyperpigmentation. Twenty‐five post‐acne hyperpigmentation patients (resistant to regular treatment for more than 6 months) were enrolled in this randomized split‐face study. One side of the face was randomly assigned to low‐power fractional CO2 laser every 4 weeks, and the other side was assigned to TXA intradermal‐microinjection every 2 weeks for 3 months. Efficacy was evaluated using digital photography, dermoscopy, post‐acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI), melanin index (MI), and erythema index (EI) at baseline and 4 weeks after the last session. Both fractional CO2 laser and TXA microinjection treatment sides showed a significant reduction in the PAHPI and MI (p < 0.001). There was statistically significant difference with better percentage of improvement regarding total dermoscopic score on the fractional CO2 laser side than the TXA microinjections side (p < 0.009). Both fractional CO2 laser and TXA microinjection are effective and safe treatment options for post‐acne hyperpigmentation with potential superiority of fractional CO2 laser. We also believe that dermoscopy could be helpful tool for assessment of pigmentation depth in patients on treatment by analyzing the color pattern.ClinicalTrials.govID: NCT03765021.
Auditory deviance detection and involuntary attention allocation in occupational burnout—A follow‐up study
Authors: Pakarinen Satu , Lohilahti Jonne , Sokka Laura , Korpela Jussi , Huotilainen Minna , Müller Kiti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, we investigated the central auditory processing and attentional control associated with both recovery and prolongation of occupational burnout. We recorded the event‐related brain potentials N1, P2, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a to nine changes in speech sounds and to three rarely presented emotional (happy, angry and sad) utterances from individuals with burnout (N = 16) and their matched controls (N = 12). After the 5 years follow‐up, one control had acquired burnout, half (N = 8) of the burnout group had recovered, and the other half (prolonged burnout) still had burnout. The processing of acoustical changes in speech sounds was mainly intact. Prolongation of the burnout was associated with a decrease in MMN amplitude and an increase in P3a amplitude for the happy stimulus. The results suggest that, in the absence of interventions, burnout is a persistent condition, associated with alterations of attentional control, that may be amplified with the prolongation of the condition.
Hybrid diabetes disease prediction framework based on data imputation and outlier detection techniques
Authors: Srivastava Anand Kumar , Kumar Yugal , Singh Pradeep Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the field of medical science, accurate prediction is a difficult and challenging task. But, the presence of missing values and outliers can make the prediction task more complicated. Many researchers address the issue of missing value in medical data, either detect the missing value and delete the respective data instances from the dataset or adopt some default methods such as mean, median, neighbour etc., for filling the missing value. However, both methods are lacking to produce optimal results. Furthermore, outliers are also presented in data and degraded the performance of classifier. Few researchers also focus on the outlier detection in medical dataset, but it is not fully explored till date. This work considers the two well‐known problems of data that is, (i) missing value imputation, and (ii) outlier. The missing value imputation issue is addressed through K‐Mean++ based data imputation technique. This technique also validates the data through clustering and also compute the values for missing data. The outlier can be detected through an ABC based outlier detection technique. Further, the final outcome is determined using LS‐SVM classifiers. Hence, this work presents a hybrid disease diagnosis framework for diabetes prediction, called hybrid diabetes prediction framework. The reason behind to choose the diabetes dataset for implementation as it contains 763 missing values and several outliers. The simulation results showed that proposed hybrid framework effectively determines the missing values and outliers in diabetes dataset. Further, the performance of proposed hybrid diabetes prediction framework is evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa and AUC parameters and compared with 34 state of art techniques. Results confirmed that proposed hybrid framework obtains 96.57%, 93.37%, 98.12%, 98.17%, and 95.43% accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa and AUC rate respectively.