bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Iberian Massif as deduced from its crustal thickness and geometry of a mid-crustal (Conrad) discontinuity
Authors: Ayarza Puy , Martínez Catalán José Ramón , Martínez García Ana , Alcalde Juan , Andrés Juvenal , Simancas José Fernando , Palomeras Immaculada , Martí David , DeFelipe Irene , Juhlin Chris , Carbonell Ramón 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Normal incidence seismic data provide the best images of the crust and
lithosphere. When properly designed and continuous, these sections greatly
contribute to understanding the geometry of orogens and, along with
surface geology, unraveling their evolution. In this paper we present the
most complete transect, to date, of the Iberian Massif, the westernmost
exposure of the European Variscides. Despite the heterogeneity of the
dataset, acquired during the last 30 years, the images resulting from
reprocessing the data with a homogeneous workflow allow us to clearly define the
crustal thickness and its internal architecture. The Iberian Massif crust,
formed by the amalgamation of continental pieces belonging to Gondwana and
Laurussia (Avalonian margin), is well structured in the upper and lower crust. A
conspicuous mid-crustal discontinuity is clearly defined by the top of the
reflective lower crust and by the asymptotic geometry of reflections that
merge into it, suggesting that it has often acted as a detachment. The
geometry and position of this discontinuity can give us insights into the
evolution of the orogen (i.e., of the magnitude of compression and the
effects and extent of later-Variscan gravitational collapse). Moreover, the
limited thickness of the lower crust below, in central and northwestern Iberia, might
have constrained the response of the Iberian microplate to Alpine
shortening. Here, this discontinuity, featuring a Vp (P-wave velocity) increase, is observed as
an orogen-scale boundary with characteristics compatible with those of the
globally debated Conrad discontinuity.
Thaw-driven mass wasting couples slopes with downstream systems, and effects propagate through Arctic drainage networks
Authors: Kokelj Steven V. , Kokoszka Justin , van der Sluijs Jurjen , Rudy Ashley C. A. , Tunnicliffe Jon , Shakil Sarah , Tank Suzanne E. , Zolkos Scott 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The intensification of thaw-driven mass wasting is transforming glacially conditioned permafrost terrain, coupling slopes with aquatic systems, and triggering a cascade of downstream effects. Within the context of recent, rapidly evolving climate controls on the geomorphology of permafrost terrain, we (A) quantify three-dimensional retrogressive thaw slump enlargement and describe the processes and thresholds coupling slopes to downstream systems, (B) investigate catchment-scale patterns of slope thermokarst impacts and the geomorphic implications, and (C) map the propagation of effects through hydrological networks draining permafrost terrain of northwestern Canada. Power-law relationships between retrogressive thaw slump area and volume (R2=0.90), as well as the thickness of permafrost thawed (R2=0.63), combined with the multi-decadal (1986–2018) increase in the areal extent of thaw slump disturbance, show a 2 order of magnitude increase in catchment-scale geomorphic activity and the coupling of slope and hydrological systems. Predominant effects are to first- and second-order streams where sediment delivery, often indicated by formation of recent debris tongue deposits, commonly exceeds the transport capacity of headwater streams by orders of magnitude, signaling centennial- to millennial-scale perturbation of downstream systems. Assessment of hydrological networks indicates that thaw-driven mass wasting directly affects over 5538 km of stream segments, 889 km of coastline, and 1379 lakes in the 994 860 km2 study area. Downstream propagation of slope thermokarst indicates a potential increase in the number of affected lakes by at least a factor of 4 (n>5692) and impacted stream length by a factor of 8 (>44 343 km), and it defines several major impact zones on lakes, deltas, and coastal areas. Prince of Wales Strait is the receiving marine environment for greatly increased sediment and geochemical fluxes from numerous slump-impacted hydrological networks draining Banks Island and Victoria Island. The Peel and Mackenzie rivers are globally significant conveyors of the slope thermokarst cascade, delivering effects to North America's largest Arctic delta and the Beaufort Sea. Climate-driven erosion of ice-rich slopes in permafrost-preserved glaciated terrain has triggered a time-transient cascade of downstream effects that signal the rejuvenation of post-glacial landscape evolution. Glacial legacy, ground-ice conditions, and continental drainage patterns dictate that terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine environments of western Arctic Canada will be an interconnected hotspot of thaw-driven change through the coming millennia.
Assessment of ICESat-2 ice surface elevations over the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) route, East Antarctica, based on coordinated multi-sensor observations
Authors: Li Rongxing , Li Hongwei , Hao Tong , Qiao Gang , Cui Haotian , He Youquan , Hai Gang , Xie Huan , Cheng Yuan , Li Bofeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We present the results of an assessment of ice surface
elevation measurements from NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2
(ICESat-2) along the CHINARE (CHINese Antarctic Research Expedition) route
near the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica. The validation campaign was
designed and implemented in cooperation with the 36th CHINARE Antarctic
expedition from December 2019 to February 2020. The assessment of the
ICESat-2 geolocated photon product (ATL03) and land ice elevation product
(ATL06) was performed based on coordinated multi-sensor observations using
two roof-mounted kinematic global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, two line arrays of corner cube
retroreflectors (CCRs), two sets of retroreflective target sheets (RTSs),
and two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with cameras. This systematic
validation of the ICESat-2 data covered a variety of Antarctic ice surface
conditions along the 520 km traverse from the coastal Zhongshan Station to
the inland Taishan Station. This comprehensive investigation is
complementary to the 750 km traverse validation of flat inland Antarctica
containing a 300 km latitude traverse of 88∘ S by the mission team
(Brunt et al., 2021). Overall, the validation results show that the
elevation of the ATL06 ice surface points is accurate to 1.5 cm with a
precision of 9.1 cm along the 520 km CHINARE route. The elevation of the
ATL03 photons has an offset of 2.1 cm from a GNSS-surveyed CCR and is
accurate to 2.5 cm with a precision of 2.7 cm as estimated by using RTSs.
The validation results demonstrate that the estimated ICESat-2 elevations
are accurate to 1.5–2.5 cm in this East Antarctic region, which shows the
potential of the data products for eliminating mission biases by overcoming
the uncertainties in the estimation of mass balance in East Antarctica. It
should be emphasized that the results based on the CCR and RTS techniques
can be improved by further aggregation of observation opportunities for a
more robust assessment. The developed validation methodology and sensor
system can be applied for continuous assessment of ICESat-2 data, especially
for calibration against potential degradation of the elevation measurements
during the later operation period.
EMISSÕES DE GASES DE EFEITO ESTUFA PROVENIENTES DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE LIMEIRA DO OESTE-MG ANO BASE 2017
Authors: Lorena Rodrigo Barbosa , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Tagliaferro Evandro Roberto , Vasconcelos Osmar Luis Silva 
Published: July 2021

O aumento nos padrões de produção e consumo da sociedade nos dias atuais tem levado a uma maior geração de resíduos sólidos. Além disso, a destinação final dos resíduos sólidos tem contribuído para o aumento das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEEs). Nesse contexto, o presente artigo teve como objetivo estimar as emissões de gases de feito estufa (GEEs) provenientes dos resíduos sólidos do município de Limeira do Oeste-MG no ano de 2017. Para a realização do plano de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos, foi realizada uma análise gravimétrica para se descobrir a composição dos resíduos sólidos municipais. Assim, durante uma semana, as três coletas foram feitas, sendo que os resíduos dessas coletas foram despejados em uma lona e processou-se o quarteamento, sendo colocados em coletores devidamente identificados, que, quando cheios, tiveram seus pesos medidos e anotados. 647,1 kg de resíduos sólidos foram amostrados, totalizando um volume de 6,92 m³. Com isso, chega-se a uma estimativa de que o município de Limeira do Oeste-MG gera, diariamente, 2.302,9 kg de massa com um volume de 24,64 m³ (a geração diária por habitante é de 0,307 kg de resíduos sólidos) ou 112,05 kg por ano por habitante, totalizando 840.558,50 kg de resíduos sólidos gerados no ano de 2017. Para se calcular as emissões de GEEs, utilizou-se o GHG Protocol versão 2020.1.2, tendo sido inseridos o total de resíduos anual e a composição desses resíduos. Observou-se um valor de emissões de 13,940 CH4 (t/ano) e 348,502 CO2e (t/ano). As medidas para reduzir as emissões foram a proposta de reciclagem com associação de catadores, a educação ambiental e a instituição de taxa de serviço de coleta e disposição de resíduos sólidos.
Commerciële DNA-databanken: een mixed blessing of een bedreiging voor de forensische praktijk?
Authors: M’charek Amade , de Knijff Peter 
Published: July 2021

Commerciële DNA-databanken: een mixed blessing of een bedreiging voor de forensische praktijk?
In April 2018, serial killer Joseph DeAngelo, also known as the Golden State Killer, was spectacularly tracked down. After 13 years of groping in the dark, uploading his DNA profile to a commercial genetic genealogical DNA database helped to identify him within a few months. The use of such commercial DNA databases elicited both hope and dismay. In this contribution the authors address concerns about the use of this technology in the Dutch jurisdiction by situating it in the more than 25 years of careful legislation and forensic practice. They show that much care and attention has been given to the legal and societal aspects of forensic genetic technology and argue that the use of commercial DNA databases warrants a careful and thorough debate before it can be introduced in any sound way.
Uma conversa com o artista guineense Nú Barreto
Authors: Yunes Virginia Maria 
Published: July 2021

O artista plástico Manuel Jerónimo Barreto da Costa Oliveira, conhecido como Nú Barreto, nasceu no ano 1966 em São Domingos, norte da Guiné-Bissau, país da Costa ocidental africana. Aos 21 anos parte para Paris, onde ainda reside e trabalha. Considerado uma das principais figuras da senda africana contemporânea, suas obras constam de diversas coleções privadas e museus e já foi exibida em diversas exposições, individuais ou coletivas, mundo afora[1]. Artista multidisciplinar apresenta sua arte de forma hibrida, combinado os mais diversos materiais e técnicas das diversas linguagens: desenho, fotografia, pintura e vídeo. Ele incorpora em sua estética a formas, símbolos e arquétipos das cores e motivos, com forte significado para denunciar a desumanização, a desvalorização do indivíduo, a miséria e o sofrimento que assola, não somente o continente africano, o mundo.

[1] Portugal, Espanha, França, Bélgica, Alemanha, Suíça e Suécia, China, Dubai, Senegal, Mali, Costa do Marfim, Togo, Burkina Faso, Angola e África do Sul, Brasil e Nova Iorque.
Mapas personales y cartografía escolar: capacidades del alumnado de primer ciclo de educación primaria
Authors: Jerez Carañana María , Morales Hernández Antonio José 
Published: July 2021

¿Qué capacidades cartográficas posee el alumnado de primer ciclo de Educación Primaria si se tienen en cuenta sus experiencias personales? Para responder a esta cuestión se ha realizado un estudio de casos en 2º curso de Educación Primaria, donde se comparan las habilidades cartográficas de un grupo experimental en el que se ha intervenido con otro de control sin intervención. A la muestra se le aplica un pretest y un postest para que realice una representación pictórica de un itinerario y responda a cuatro cuestiones. Los resultados obtenidos se han categorizado según las clasificaciones propuestas por Lynch (1960), Boardman (1986) y Bale (1989) para el análisis del espacio geográfico. Las conclusiones de este estudio de casos muestran indicios que permiten impugnar las capacidades cartográficas que la psicología evolutiva atribuye a los niños/as de 7 y 8 años, y revelan la importancia de tener en cuenta el espacio vivido para el aprendizaje de la cartografía escolar.
What cartographic skills do students in the first stage of primary education have taking into account their personal experiences? This question was explored through a case study conducted with Primary Education students in Year 2 in which the cartographic skills of an experimental group were compared with those of a controlled group. The sample was analyzed by means of a pretest and a post-test in which students had to complete a pictorial representation of an itinerary and respond to four questions. The results obtained were categorized according to the classifications for geographical space analysis suggested by Lynch (1960), Boardman (1986) and Bale (1989). The findings of this case study provide indications that challenge the cartographic abilities that evolutionary psychology attributes to the 7-to-8-year-old age range and reveal the importance of taking into account lived space when it comes to learning school mapping.
Revoir la gouvernance et la gestion des ressources humaines dans une perspective d’améliorer, voire d’enraciner les institutions d’études supérieures publiques malgaches dans le 21e siècle
Authors: Andriantsara Marie-Eva , Gagné Diane 
Published: July 2021

Bien que l’éducation supérieure malgache ne soit plus en phase de création d’établissements universitaires, elle fonctionne dans un contexte de gouvernance bureaucratique d’une extrême pauvreté et sous-financée. Une gouvernance universitaire caractérisée par la centralisation du système de coordination et d’incitation, ce qui laisse peu de marge de manoeuvre aux différents acteurs susceptibles d’intervenir en gestion des ressources humaines (GRH). Malgré le côté sombre du tableau de l’enseignement supérieur public malgache, certains acteurs du terrain veulent innover en apportant des idées qui contribueraient à la mise en place d’une gestion prévisionnelle des emplois et des compétences dans un contexte universitaire devant composer avec une économie mondialisée au 21e siècle. Notre objectif est de poser un diagnostic sur la GRH du système d’enseignement supérieur public à Madagascar et de valoriser deux idées d’innovation soumises par les acteurs au regard de la situation.
ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL VARIABILITY IN THE SHELL OF THE SPANISH UPPER CRETACEOUS TURTLE DORTOKA VASCONICA (PAN-PLEURODIRA, DORTOKIDAE)
Authors: Guerrero Andrea , Pérez-García Adán 
Published: July 2021

The present study characterizes the morphological variability related to the sexual dimorphism in the shells of the Spanish Upper Cretaceous turtle Dortoka vasconica. This study is based on the material from its type locality: Laño, Burgos. Two morphotypes were identified there based on the posterior plastral area as well as two for the anterior plastral lobe. However, a correlation with the previously indicated morphotypes could not be established due to the disarticulation of the specimens and the limited information available on the sexual dimorphism of Pleurodira. The morphological variability previously identified for Dortoka vasconica is analysed here through a quantitative approach to evaluate the role that sexual dimorphism plays in the plastron. Comparative material of the main extinct and extant groups of pleurodires is included in this study. The results evidenced a noticeable sexual dimorphism in the anal notch of Dortoka vasconica. Likewise, the comparison of species belonging to several pleurodiran clades shows a wide range of variability in the direction and magnitude of the sexual dimorphism. Thus, a single evolutionary trend cannot be recognized, so that previous assumptions about which morphotype corresponds to each sexual dimorph in some extinct taxa and especially lineages (including basal pan-pleurodires) cannot be confirmed.
Audit of the Aetiological Investigations Performed in Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss At Salford
Authors: AlHajeri Saud K , Iqbal Dr Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Objective: This project aims to look at the Audiovestibular Physician’s practice at Salford and how closely it aligns with the gold standard guidelines set in the protocol lately published by the British Association of Audiological Physicians. Method: An audit was done retrospectively on 20 patients suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. As such, patient notes were utilised to ascertain which aetiological investigations have been completed and which were not. Any inadequacy in the aetiological work up has been dissected to help know the underlying reasons. Results: All patients had a thorough history taken and were comprehensively physically examined. 95% of patients underwent imaging in the form of MRI/CT. 80% received CMV testing. 75% underwent ECG testing. 60% received family hearing tests. Only 35% had ophthalmology examinations and 25% underwent urine and genetic testing. Conclusion: In some cases, the low compliance rates were due to the Audiovestibular Physician not ordering the investigation as part of the aetiological work up. This could be improved with the use of a dedicated checklist to act as an aid to the physician. Moreover, genetic counselling has been proposed to attempt to boost the compliance rates with genetic testing and similarly, leaflets briefing patients’ families about the importance of undergoing hearing tests themselves is another promising proposition to help improve the adherence
High expression of PIMREG predicts poor survival outcomes and is correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Feng , Liang Min , Huang Xiaolu , Shi Wenjing , Wang Yumin 
Published: July 2021

Background
PIMREG is upregulated in multiple cancer types. However, the potential role of PIMREG in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore its clinical significance in LUAD.

Methods
Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we obtained 513 samples of LUAD and 59 normal samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to analyze the relationship between PIMREG and LUAD. We used t and Chi-square tests to evaluate the level of expression of PIMREG and its clinical implication in LUAD. The prognostic value of PIMREG in LUAD was identified through the Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analysis, and nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to screen biological pathways and analyze the correlation of the immune infiltrating level with the expression of PIMREG in LUAD.

Results
PIMREG was highly expressed in patients with LUAD. Specifically, the level of PIMREG gradually increased from pathological stage I to IV. Further, we validated the higher expression of PIMREG expressed in LUAD cell lines. Moreover, PIMREG had a high diagnostic value, with an -AUC of 0.955. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that the high expression of PIMREG was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes. In our prognostic nomogram, the expression of PIMREG implied a significant prognostic value. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified that the high expression PIMREG phenotype was involved in the mitotic cell cycle, mRNA splicing, DNA repair, Rho GTPase signaling, TP53 transcriptional regulation, and translation pathways. Next, we also explored the correlation of PIMREG and tumor-immune interactions and found a negative correlation between PIMREG and the immune infiltrating level of T cells, macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) , and CD8+ T cells in LUAD.

Conclusions
High levels of PIMREG correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in LUAD.
Screening of Salt Tolerant Potato Genotypes using Salt Stress and Molecular Markers
Authors: Mawa Mir Jannatul , Haque Md. Ashraful , Saikat Mohammad Mehfuz Hasan , Islam Shah Mohammad Naimul 
Published: July 2021

Aims: To screen potato genotypes for salt tolerance using in vitro salt stress and moleulcar markers.
Experimental Design: The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.
Place of the Study: The experiment was conducted at the Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratories, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Methodology: In vitro screening of five potato genotypes (CIP 112, CIP 117, CIP 120, CIP 127, and CIP 128) was done in an agar medium using tissue culture technique at different concentrations of salt viz. 0.0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 mM of NaCl. All genotypes were further analysed through SSR markers using three primers. The DNA bands were visualized on gel electrophoresis and scored for polymorphic loci, gene diversity, and genetic distance. NTSYSpc program was used for constructing unrooted neighbor-joining tree and scatter diagram.
Results: Potato genotypes CIP 112 and CIP 117 emerged as the most salt tolerant genotypes with the highest plant height, shoot dry weight, root length, and root dry weight at different concentrations of NaCl. CIP 127 and CIP 128 were poorly tolerant to salt stress. The most sensitive genotype CIP 120 produced minimum plant height, shoot dry weight, root length, and root dry weight at different NaCl concentrations. Results indicated that significant differences were found among cultivars. The banding pattern of microsatellite confirmed a distinct polymorphism among salt tolerant, moderately salt tolerant and salt sensitive lines. The clustering pattern of the potato genotypes suggests that variations occur due to genotypic variation and possibly not epigenetic adaptation under salt stress conditions.
Conclusion: The salt tolerant pototo genotypes CIP 112 and CIP 117 can be used for developing salt tolerant genotypes.