bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Distress, Fear, and Coping Strategies among Citizens and Residents in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alharbi Talal Ali , AlQurashi Alaa , Mahmud Ilias , Alharbi Rayan Jafnan , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Almustanyir Sami , Maklad Ahmed Essam , AlSarraj Ahmad , Mughaiss Lujain Nedhal , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Ahmed Ahmed Ali , Barry Mazin , Ghozy Sherief , Alabdan Lulwah Ibrahim , Alif Sheikh M , Sultana Farhana , Salehin Masudus , Banik Biswajit , Cross Wendy , Rahman Muhammad Aziz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns, mass-scale job losses, which impacted on the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population. This study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies amongst the general population in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regressions were used; Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported.Results: Among 803 participants, 70 %(n=556), were females and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n=278), were frontline or essential service workers; 24% (n=195), reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth (18 - 29 years) (AOR 3.35, 95% CIs 2.06 - 5.44), females (2.59, 1.60 - 4.19), non-Saudi nationals (2.17, 1.11 - 4.26), change in employment (2.9, 1.73 - 4.87), negative financial impact (2.14, 1.29-3.56), having comorbidities (2.67, 1.47 - 4.87), and current smoking (2.87, 1.55 - 5.33). Being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14 - 12.14) and change in employment (3.42, 1.91 - 6.11) were associated with higher levels of fear of COVID-19. People whose financial situation was impacted and who had contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12-2.38) had low medium to high resilient coping.Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress and fear along with low resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers, to provide specific mental health support strategies for their wellbeing currently and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis.
Formulation, Optimization, in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Ketoprofen - Fumaric Acid Co-crystal for the Solubility Enhancement of Ketoprofen
Authors: Bhatia Meenakshi , Kumar Ashwani , Verma Vikas , Yadav Snehlata , DEVI SUNITA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present piece of research work is framed as improving the solubility of ketoprofen by forming co-crystal using fumaric acid as a coformer. Co-crystal of ketoprofen and fumaric acid were prepared by simple solvent assisted grinding. The independent variables i.e. drug and coformer were mixed in 1:1 molar ratio and dependent variables were assumed to be solubility and % drug release. Differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the preparation of optimized batch of co-crystal and further, evaluated for in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Based on results of solubility and dissolution rate studies the drug showed 4-5 fold improvement in both the properties on co-crystallisation. The values of Gibbs free energy are negative at all levels of carrier demonstrating spontaneity of drug solubilization process. The IC50 value of optimized batch of co-crystal formulation and pure drug was observed as 327.33 µg/ml and 556.11 µg/ml, respectively, demonstrating that co-crystal formulation possesses more percentage protection against protein denaturation than the drug ketoprofen. In-vivo (anti-inflammatory and analgesic) activities revealed that optimized batch of co-crystal formulation delivered a rapid pharmacological response in wistar rats and albino mice when compared with standard drug.
TNFα-Mediated Necroptosis in BBB Endothelia as a Potential Mechanism of Increased Seizure Susceptibility in Mice Following Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Huang Wan-Yu , Lai Yen-Ling , Liu Ko-Hung , Lin Shankung , Chen Hsuan-Ying , Liang Chih-Hung , Wu Hung-Ming , Hsu Kuei-Sen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSystemic inflammation is a potent contributor to increased seizure susceptibility. However, less is known about the effects of systemic inflammation on blood-brain barrier (BBB) that affect neuron excitability. Necroptosis and inflammation are intimately associated in various neurological diseases. We hypothesized that necroptosis is involved in the mechanism underlying sepsis-associated neuronal excitability in BBB components.MethodsSystemic inflammation was induced by LPS. Seizure susceptibility of mice was measured by kainic acid intraperitoneal injection. Pharmacological inhibitors (C87 and GSK872) were used to block signaling of TNFα receptors and necroptosis. To identify the features of sepsis-associated response in the BBB and CNS, brain tissues of mice were obtained for assays of the necroptosis-related protein expression, and immunofluorescence staining for morphological changes of endothelia and glia. Microdialysis assay was also used to evaluate the changes of extracellular potassium and glutamate levels in brain.ResultsSignificant findings including induced increased seizure susceptibility and BBB endothelia necroptosis and leakage, Kir4.1 dysfunction, and microglia activation were observed in mice following LPS injection. Inhibition of TNFa receptor inhibitor C87 significantly attenuated increased kainic acid-induced seizure susceptibility and endothelia necroptosis and microglia activation, and restored kir4.1 protein expression, compared with those in controls. GSK872 (a RIP3 inhibitor) treatment, like C87, had consistent effects on these changes following LPS.ConclusionsOur results showed that TNFα-mediated necroptosis in BBB endothelia damage contributes to the development of increased seizure susceptibility in mice after systemic inflammation. Pharmacologic inhibition targeting this necroptosis pathway may provide a promising therapeutic approach to reduce sepsis-associated BBB dysfunction, astrocyte ion channel dysfunction, and subsequent neuronal excitability.
Survival rate, adaptation ability and carbon production and sequestration of 21 green oak (Quercusrotundifolia Lam.) provenances at Mounts of Saida (western Algeria)
Authors: Khatir Hadj , Yahia Nasrallah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to recent global changes, a substantial degradation of natural ecosystems in North Africa and difficulties of species regeneration have been observed. A comparison of 21 green oak (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) provenances in different bioclimatic zones was carried out at two ecologically different stations in western Algeria. The main objectives of the study were to (a) assess the survival rate and development in the natural environment of young individuals who derive from it, (b) gain an understanding of the level of morphological variability and (c) explore the possibilities of adapting the different provenances of green oak in the west Algerian ecological regions. The field trial was established in 2008 at two sites. The average survival rate ten years after the establishment of the field trial was 38.50%, with a total height average of 122.95 cm, a dry epigeous biomass production of 0.0630 t/ha and a sequestered amount of atmospheric carbon (CO2) of 0.0859 t/ha. The green oak provenance (origin) of Zaccar from the Tellian Atlas group is distinguished by a higher survival rate and dryer epigeous than other origins. The variability of large regions of the country means that there are four areas in which varieties can show superiority in survival and biomass: those representing the Northern part of the Saharan Atlas, those of the high inner plains, those of the southern facade of the Tellian Atlas and finally those of the Saharan Atlas.
Effects of Triptolide on Cell Viability, Secretion of Inflammatory Cytokines, and Gene Expression of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019（COVID-19）Pseudovirus Cell Model
Authors: han junyong , Que Huiqing , Li Wei , Xue Shijie , Lin Sui , chen gang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is caused by severe immune cell response and associated alveolar inflammation, is also a critical complication in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Triptolide is a powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug and is proved to help relieve the inflammation of ARDS. However, its anti-inflammatory effect on COVID-19 patients with ARDS complications remains uncertain. Methods: In this study, human normal lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), the pseudovirus system of syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to construct as severe COVID-19-pseudovirus cell model to explore the effects of triptolide on cell viability, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and gene expression. Results: The results showed that triptolide increased cell viability, decreased the secretion levels of cytokines IL-6, TNF-a, and increased the expression of IL-10. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis in this cell models showed that the Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to plasma membrane integrity, metabolic activity and mitochondrial function, and were associated with TNF, FOXO, mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: Take into consideration previous studies on the functions of triptolide in BEAS-2B cells, the current study indicated that triptolide can play a critical role in protecting against inflammatory damage and maintaining the normal physiological function of BEAS-2B cells in response to pseudovirus and LPS infection.
Advised or Paid Way to get it right. The contribution of fact-checking tips and monetary incentives to spotting scientific disinformation
Authors: Panizza Folco , Ronzani Piero , Mattavelli Simone , Morisseau Tiffany , Martini Carlo , Motterlini Matteo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Disinformation about science can impose enormous economic and public health burdens. Several types of interventions have been proposed to prevent the proliferation of false information online, where most of the spreading takes place. A recently proposed strategy to help online users recognise false content is to follow the techniques of professional fact checkers, such as looking for information on other websites (lateral reading) and looking beyond the first results suggested by search engines (click restraint). In two preregistered online experiments (N = 5387), we simulated a social-media environment and set-out two interventions, one in the form of a pop-up meant to advise participants to follow such techniques, the other based on monetary incentive. In Experiment 1, we compared these interventions to a control condition. In Experiment 2 another condition was added to test the joint impact of the pop-up and the monetary incentive. We measured participants' ability to identify whether presented information was scientifically valid or invalid. Results revealed that while monetary incentives were overall more effective in increasing accuracy, the pop-up contributed when the post originated from an unknown source (and participants could rely less on prior information). Additional analysis on participants’ search style based on both self-report responses and objectively measured behaviour revealed that the pop-up increased the use of fact-checking strategies, and that these in turn increased accuracy. Study 2 also clarified that the pop-up and the incentive did not interfere with each other, but rather acted complementarily, suggesting that attention and literacy interventions can be designed in synergy.
WITHDRAWN: Leaf Blight Caused by Colletotrichum Fructicola of Large Cardamom (Amomum Subulatam Roxb.) an Important Cash Crop Grown in Sikkim, India
Authors: Gurung Kabita , Dasila Khashti , Bamaniya Bahadur Singh , Pandey Anita , Sharma Laxuman , Bag Niladri 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Large cardamom (Amommum subulatum Roxb.) a high valued spice crop grown in Sikkim Himalaya is now facing a devastating leaf blight disease that has brought down the yield drastically. Present study was focused on identification of this major fungal pathogen based on the morphological and molecular characterization. During this study infected leaves of large cardamom with blighted appearance were collected from all the four districts of Sikkim. The pathogen was isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, incubated at 25°C. The mycelium was septate, hyaline, and 2-4 µm wide. The conidiospores were cylindrical with both ends rounded, sometimes oblong. Length and breadth were 11-12 µm and 3-4 µm, respectively. On the basis colony morphology, growth and microscopic observations, out of the total 48 samples studied Colletotrichum sp. was identified from 14 samples. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the ITS4, ITS5 and ApMAT genes and phenotypic characters (colony morphology, microscopic features) the isolate (No. LC05) isolated from the sample collected from the village Assam Linzey, East Sikkim showed 100% homology with Colletotrichum fructicola from NCBI database. The pathogenicity of C. fructicola was also confirmed during the study. The fungal culture has been deposited at the NFCCI-ARI, Pune with an accession number NFCCI 4542 and the sequences have been deposited in NCBI GenBank with accession number (ITS) MN710587, (ApMAT) MW348934 respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of C. fructicola causing blight disease of large cardamom. Also the finding is very important to improve the disease control strategies of this high valued cash crop.
Diagnostic Yield of Chilaiditi’s Sign in Advanced-Phase Late-Onset Pompe Disease
Authors: Takahashi Junichiro , Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Ariga Hajime , Sato Noriko , Nishino Ichizo , Takahashi Yuji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Chilaiditi’s sign (CS), hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the intestine, was caused by morphological abnormalities such as diaphragmatic atrophy, intestinal dilation, and liver atrophy. The sign is potentially important due to associations with clinically recurrent abdominal pain or even colonic volvulus. In general, neuromuscular disease (NMD) could have the high prevalence of CS because of widened hepatodiaphragmatic space, following diaphragmatic atrophy. Particularly, in late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), glycogen accumulation in smooth muscle of intestine could lead to the abnormal dilation of intestine. Though the prevalence of CS in LOPD could be high because of developing two main factors of CS, no studies have evaluated the prevalence of CS in LOPD. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of CS in LOPD, and to identify the risk factors of CS in LOPD patients. Methods: Medical records of genetically confirmed patients of Pompe disease at the National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated CS using chest X-ray (CXR) and abdominal CT and assessed the prevalence of CS in LOPD patients. We also divided the patients into two groups, CS and non-CS group, and evaluated the factor associated with CS compared to clinical variables between groups. Results: Three of seven (43%) were detected in CS. CS group (P5-7) and non-CS group (P1-4) were obtained. In comparison of clinical variables, the severity of atrophy in right diaphragms was significantly higher in CS than non-CS groups (p =0.029). Also, the frequency of abnormal position of right diaphragm and liver, and abnormally dilated bowel was seen in all of CS patients, but none of non-CS patient (p = 0.029, each). Conclusion: In LOPD patients, the prevalence of CS was much higher of 43%, compared to healthy groups, or even in similarly respiratory muscle impaired neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). The anatomically abnormal position of diaphragm and liver, atrophy and fat infiltration of diaphragms, and abnormally dilated bowel were significantly associated with CS in LOPD. Since CS can cause intestinal symptoms or even contribute to sudden-death of intestinal volvulus, we should pay more attention to CXR or abdominal CT as follow up in LOPD patients.
What one can’t do, can be done together: joint project of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Federal Forestry Agency on development and implementation of the Siberian moth monitoring system
Authors: Баранчиков Ю.Н. 
Published: October 2021

Оптимизированная система мониторинга сибирского шелкопряда Dendrolimus sibiricus Tchetverikov (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) была разработана в ходе выполнения международного проекта «Лесные ресурсы и технологии» (ФОРЕСТ), профинансированного Агентством США по международному развития (USAID) в 2001-2005 гг. Она включает последовательные стадии лесопатологического районирования субъектов федерации, отдельных лесхозов, организации феромонного мониторинга разреженных популяций шелкопряда и лишь при фиксации ловушками подъема численности (выше 100 бабочек/ловушку/сезон) - перехода к учету гусениц. В ходе проекта впервые разработана технология феромонного мониторинга вредителя (синтезирован аналог феромона, созданы диспенсер, ловушки и фиксирующие инсектицидные пластинки, рекомендована методика учетов и алгоритм принятия решения). Проект профинансировал создание трехтомного справочника «Болезни и вредители в лесах России», впоследствии изданного Агентством лесного хозяйства Российской Федерации. Опробованная и внедренная в ходе проекта на территории Томской, Иркутской, Сахалинской областей, Красноярского, Хабаровского, Приморского краев и Республики Бурятия система мониторинга служит ярким примером плодотворной кооперации ученых Российской академии наук и лесных вузов с практиками лесного хозяйства.
The optimized monitoring system of the Siberian moth Dendrolimus sibiricus Tchetverikov (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) was developed during the implementation of the Forest Resources and Technologies (FOREST) international project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in 2001-2005. It includes successive stages of forest pathology zoning of the subjects of the Russian Federation, individual forestry enterprises, organization of pheromone monitoring of sparse Siberian moth populations and, only when the population growth is recorded by the means of traps (above 100 male moths / trap / season) - transition to caterpillar sampling. In the course of the project, the technology for pheromone monitoring of the pest was developed for the first time (a pheromone analogue was synthesized, a dispenser, trap and fixing insecticidal strip were created, a methodology of accounting and a decision-making algorithm was recommended). The project financed the creation of a three-volume handbook "Diseases and Pests in Russian Forests", subsequently published by the Forestry Agency of Russian Federation. The monitoring system tested and implemented in the course of the project in the Tomsk, Irkutsk, and Sakhalin Districts, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, Primorskiy krays and the Republic of Buryatia serves as a vivid example of fruitful cooperation between scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences and forestry universities with forestry practitioners.
Interlabial gap and freeway space at rest position: a cephalometric study
Authors: Seo Ye-Ji , Park Jae Hyun , Chang Na-Young , Seo Hye Young , Chae Jong-Moon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the amount of interlabial gap (ILG) and freeway space (FWS) at rest position (RP) according to gender, age, and skeletal pattern, and to evaluate the cephalometric measurements at maximum intercuspal position (MIP) and at RP to define the cephalometric changes from MIP to RP related to the amount of ILG and FWS.

Methods
Lateral cephalograms and photographs of selected subjects (47 females, 57 males) were obtained at MIP and RP. Cephalometric measurements at MIP and RP and their differences were measured and compared.

Results
ILG (P > 0.05) and FWS (P < 0.01) were greater in males than in females. ILG (P < 0.05) and FWS (P > 0.05) were greater in adolescents than in adults. ILG and FWS were not significantly related with the vertical skeletal pattern (FHR, facial height ratio). ILG was the greatest in Class II cases but without significance. FWS was significantly greater in Class III than in Class I and Class II cases (P < 0.05). At MIP, the ILG at RP increased as overjet (P < 0.05) and upper lip to the aesthetic line (P < 0.01) increased. At RP, the ILG increased as upper incisor exposure and the lips to the aesthetic line increased (P < 0.001), and FWS decreased as overbite decreased (P < 0.001). From MIP to RP, lip length showed the greatest decrease (P < 0.001) in the large ILG group. Additionally, Bjork sum (the sum of the saddle, articular, and gonial angles), mandibular plane angle, anterior facial height, and ANB (P < 0.001) showed the greatest increase, while OB (P < 0.001) showed the greatest decrease in the large FWS group. The lip competent group showed the largest frequency distribution in the small ILG and FWS groups, while smile line frequency distribution showed no relationship with the level of ILG and FWS.

Conclusions
Taking cephalometric measurements at RP would be helpful to evaluate the ILG and FWS more accurately, and to provide a more accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Heterocycles based on 1,3-diketones
Authors: Talbi Soumaya , Dib Mustapha , Bouissane Latifa , Abderrafia Hafid , Rabi Souad , Khouili Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

:
N,O-heterocycles containing the dicarbonyl ring play a significant role in heterocyclic and
therapeutic chemistry. Since the discovery of 1,3-diketones, numerous research works have been
achieved regarding the synthesis and its chemical reactivity. In this review, we have described the most
relevant publications involving β-diketone compounds published during the period between 2018 to date.
In addition, we include the 1,3-diketones-based heterocyclic compounds prepared by various synthetic
methodologies.