bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination efforts and dose allocation within Madagascar
Authors: Rasambainarivo Fidisoa , Ramiadantsoa Tanjona , Raherinandrasana Antso , Randrianarisoa Santatra , Rice Benjamin L. , Evans Michelle V. , Roche Benjamin , Randriatsarafara Fidiniaina Mamy , Wesolowski Amy , Metcalf C. Jessica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile mass COVID-19 vaccination programs are underway in high-income countries, limited availability of doses has resulted in few vaccines administered in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) is a WHO-led initiative to promote vaccine access equity to LMICs and is providing many of the doses available in these settings. However, initial doses are limited and countries, such as Madagascar, need to develop prioritization schemes to maximize the benefits of vaccination with very limited supplies. There is some consensus that dose deployment should initially target health care workers, and those who are more vulnerable including older individuals. However, questions of geographic deployment remain, in particular associated with limits around vaccine access and delivery capacity in underserved communities, for example in rural areas that may also include substantial proportions of the population.MethodsTo address these questions, we developed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and simulated various vaccination allocation strategies for Madagascar. Simulated strategies were based on a number of possible geographical prioritization schemes, testing sensitivity to initial susceptibility in the population, and evaluating the potential of tests for previous infection.ResultsUsing cumulative deaths due to COVID-19 as the main outcome of interest, our results indicate that distributing the number of vaccine doses according to the number of elderly living in the region or according to the population size results in a greater reduction of mortality compared to distributing doses based on the reported number of cases and deaths. The benefits of vaccination strategies are diminished if the burden (and thus accumulated immunity) has been greatest in the most populous regions, but the overall strategy ranking remains comparable. If rapid tests for prior immunity may be swiftly and effectively delivered, there is potential for considerable gain in mortality averted, but considering delivery limitations modulates this.ConclusionAt a subnational scale, our results support the strategy adopted by the COVAX initiative at a global scale.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult mental health in the UK: A rapid systematic review
Authors: Batteux Eleonore , Taylor Jo , Carter Holly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of the UK population, but this needs synthesising to guide effective policy recommendations and ensure support is targeted to populations most at risk. We conducted a rapid systematic review of the evidence of the impact of COVID-19 and associated restrictions on the mental health of UK adults, including risk and protective factors.MethodA range of databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Studies were eligible if they reported primary quantitative or qualitative research on the mental health of UK adults between March 2020 and March 2021. Journal publications and pre-prints were included. Reviews, position papers, protocol papers and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. The study authors screened papers for eligibility and included 102 papers in the analysis.ResultsThe evidence from this review indicates that the mental health of UK adults has declined since the start of the pandemic, with different populations being unequally affected. Populations particularly affected are women, young adults, ethnic minorities, people from lower socio-economic backgrounds, people with pre-existing conditions and people who have had COVID-19. Other risk factors include having to isolate and time spent watching pandemic related news. Protective factors include social contact and maintaining healthy behaviours, such as physical activity.ConclusionsPolicy should aim to discourage risky behaviours while ensuring support is available for people to engage in protective behaviours. Interventions should be directed towards populations that have been most adversely affected. Addressing the decline in mental health across the UK population since the COVID-19 pandemic will require increasing mental health provision and ensuring equitable access to support.
Cryo-EM structure of the human TACAN channel in a closed state
Authors: Chen Xiaozhe , Wang Yaojie , Li Yang , Lu Xuhang , Chen Jianan , Li Ming , Wen Tianlei , Liu Ning , Chang Shenghai , Zhang Xing , Yang Xue , Shen Yuequan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTACAN is an ion channel involved in sensing mechanical pain. It has recently been shown to represent a novel and evolutionarily conserved class of mechanosensitive channels. Here, we present the cryoelectron microscopic structure of human TACAN (hTACAN). hTACAN forms a dimer in which each protomer consists of a transmembrane globular domain (TMD) that is formed of six helices and an intracellular domain (ICD) that is formed of two helices. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that a putative ion conduction pathway is located inside each protomer. Single point mutation of the key residue Met207 significantly increased the surface tension activated currents. Moreover, cholesterols were identified at the flank of each subunit. Our data show the molecular assembly of hTACAN and suggest that the wild type hTACAN is in a closed state, providing a basis for further understanding the activation mechanism of the hTACAN channel.
CD72-semaphorin3A axis; a possible new player in immune regulation
Authors: Nasren Eiza , Adi Sabag-D , Ofra Kessler , Yunens Jones , Gera Neufeld , Zahava Vadasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSemaphorin3A (sema3A) inhibits the activity of B and T cells in autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). We have now found that CD72 functions as a novel sema3A binding and signal-transducing receptor. These functions of CD72 are independent of the known sema3A receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). We find that sema3A induces the phosphorylation of CD72 on tyrosine residues and the association of CD72 with SHP-1 and SHP-2. In contrast, sema4D/CD100 inhibits these functions. sema3A signals mediated by CD72, inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT-4 and HDAC-1 and induce the phosphorylation of p38-MAPK and PKC-theta in B-cells derived B-lymphoblastoid (BLCL) cells lacking NRP-1 expression, and in primary B-cells isolated from either healthy donors or SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) patients. We have also generated a modified truncated sema3A (T-sema3A) which cannot signal via NRP-1 yet still activates inhibitory CD72 signaling. We propose that T-sema3A may have potential as a possible therapeutic for autoimmune diseases such as SLE.One Sentence SummaryCD72 found as a novel sema3A receptor transduces inhibitory signals in Bcells. A modified sema3A can be used to treat autoimmunity.
Principles of Dopamine Binding to Carbon Surfaces
Authors: Khot Gaurang , Shirtcliffe Neil , Celikel Tansu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV) combined with carbon electrodes is considered as the gold standard method for real-time detection of oxidizable neurotransmitters. The bioinert nature, rapid electron transfer kinetics and long-term stability make carbon an attractive material for probing brain electrochemistry. Herein, we first demonstrate a rapid fabrication process of carbonized nanopipettes and subsequently perform experimental measurements and theoretical simulations to study mechanisms of dopamine binding on carbonized surfaces. To explain the kinetics of dopamine oxidation on carbonized electrodes we adapted the electron-proton transfer model originally developed by Compton and found that the electron-proton transfer model best explains the experimental observations. We further investigated the electron-proton transfer theory by constructing a Density Function Theory (DFT) for visualization of dopamine binding to graphite-like surfaces consisting of heteroatoms. For graphite surfaces that are capped with hydrogen alone, we found that dopamine is oxidized, whereas, on graphite surfaces doped with heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen, we found deprotonation of dopamine along with oxidation thus validating our experimental and theoretical data. These observations provide mechanistic insights into multistep electron transfer during dopamine oxidation on graphite surfaces.Graphical abstractA: Pictorial view of the experimental setup of carbonized electrodes. The application of waveform causes the oxidation of dopamine.B. Background subtracted voltammogram of dopamine, wherein the waveform applied is -0.4V to 1.3V and cycled back at -0.4V at 200 V s-1at 10 Hz.C: A hotspot showing the oxidation and reduction of dopamine, wherein two distinct redox spots can be seen. The first redox spot can be seen at 0.0V and the second one at 0.5V. Thus showing a multistep electron transfer for dopamine.D: A DFT model for dopamine’s interaction with graphite surfaces doped with nitrogen atoms. Oxidation of oxygen (red) can be seen with loss of protons.
Conflict in online consumption communities: a systematic literature review and directions for future research
Authors: Chandrasapth Koblarp , Yannopoulou Natalia , Schoefer Klaus , Licsandru Tana Cristina , Papadopoulos Thanos 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study sets out to examine (1) how have conflicts been conceptualized and operationalized within the context of online consumption communities? (2) what are the main conflict management, resolution strategies and frameworks that have been identified? and (3) what are the gaps in the relevant body of work in terms of theoretical and methodological dimensions, and what implications do they have for future research.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a systematic and multidisciplinary literature review of online conflicts. Following a descriptive and thematic content analysis, it examines 79 peer-reviewed scholarly articles of the past 20 years within 6 scientific databases.FindingsThe authors propose a literature-based conceptualization of online conflicts and a multi-level conflict resolution matrix based on the different governance structures and social control mechanisms investigated in extant research.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in the integrative and interdisciplinary view of online conflict in global consumption communities.
Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure of banking sector in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rizwan , Rehman Ramiz Ur , Kanwal Madiha , Naseem Muhammad Akram , Ahmad Muhammad Ishfaq 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the key determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of all listed banks that operate their function in an emerging market, Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applied the principles of systems-oriented theories such as legitimacy, stakeholder and agency theory. The hypothesis is linking the bank’s social disclosure and its determinants are developed. The relevant data was gathered from the bank’s annual reports and Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2018. Further, governance attributes and performance measures are used as the predictor variable and the CSR score as the predicted variable. This study applied panel data analysis on the sampled banks to examine the proposed hypothesis for empirical estimation.

Findings
This study’s inclusive results confirm that the hypothesized determinants of board size, foreign directors on board and female directors on board positively impact the CSR disclosure potential. Board size significantly explains the CSR disclosure in all bank samples. The determined performance measures, profitability and liquidity show a significant positive relationship with CSR disclosure except for few exceptions.

Research limitations/implications
This study’s results lack generalizability due to its unique setting; future researchers can extend the research scope in national–international settings and a regional context.

Practical implications
This study enriches the literature on CSR disclosure determinants and is relevant to practice in an emerging context. It can be helpful from a policy perspective; institutions (bodies) that regulate banks should recognize the governance and performance aspects essential to enhancing CSR disclosure and enhancing the bank’s performance hence value.

Originality/value
This research offers empirical evidence that sheds light on the key governance attributes and performance measures that partially affect CSR disclosure and its extent. In doing so, this study’s findings contribute to the literature significantly, along with regulators, shareholders, deposit holders, individual–institutional investors.
Brain, behavioral, affective, and sex correlates of recovery from alcohol use disorders
Authors: Thompson Benjamin L. , Maleki Nasim , Kelly John F. , Sy Karla Therese L. , Oscar‐Berman Marlene 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecovery from alcohol use disorders (AUDs) consists of salutary changes in behavior and affect. While evidence suggests that recovery‐related behavioral changes, such as abstinence, emerge in tandem with both neural and affective changes, the precise relationships among these changes are unknown. To understand these relationships, we examined associations between the duration of abstinence (DOA), affective states, and neuroimaging‐based structural measures of the brain reward system (BRS) in AUD men (AUDM) and AUD women (AUDW).MethodsParticipants were community respondents from the Boston area comprising right‐handed abstinent individuals with AUD (n = 60; 30 men) and controls without AUD (NC; n = 60; 29 men). Multivariate linear regressions compared short‐/mid‐term abstainers (≤5 years), long‐term abstainers (>5 years), and the NC group on measures of BRS volume (3T magnetic resonance imaging scans) and measures of affect (Profile of Mood States [POMS]; Multiple Affect Adjective Check List [MAACL]; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD]). Analyses contrasted sex differences and accounted for age, education, drinking severity, and verbal IQ.ResultsCompared to the NC group, short‐/mid‐term abstainers exhibited larger posterior insular volume (total (β = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.034)), higher negative affect (POMS Mood Disturbance (β = 27.8, 95% CI: 11.56, 44.04), and lower positive affect (POMS Vigor (β = −4.89, 95% CI: −9.06, −0.72)). Compared to the NC group, Long‐term abstainers exhibited significantly smaller volumes of aggregate anterior cingulate cortex (β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.113, −0.008) and higher HRSD scores (β = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.98). Relative to AUDM, AUDW exhibited significantly larger right anterior insular volumes (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06) and significantly greater MAACL Positive Affect scores (β = 7.56, 95% CI: 0.59, 11.55) in association with DOA.ConclusionsWe found that differences in abstinence from alcohol were correlated with differences in both neural recovery and affective dimensions of recovery from AUDs. The observed sex differences extend evidence of dimorphic effects of AUDs and recovery on brain structure and function. Future longitudinal research will test inferences concerning the directionality of these relationships.
Association between suicidal behaviors and auditory and visual hallucinations in Japanese adolescent psychiatric outpatients at first visit: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Toyohara Nao , Fujita Junichi , Okumura Yasuyuki , Suda Akira , Hattori Saki , Saigusa Yusuke , Aoyama Kumi , Asanuma Kazuya , Takahashi Yuichi , Arai Takashi , Hishimoto Akitoyo 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSuicide remains one of the leading causes of death among adolescents. Although recent studies have suggested a strong association between auditory hallucinations and suicidal behaviors, little is known regarding the association between suicidal behaviors and visual hallucinations, which are also common among adolescent psychiatric patients.MethodA cross‐sectional study of all first‐time patients aged 10–15 years was conducted at three child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient facilities in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, from April 2015 to March 2018. Self‐reported questionnaires were administered to evaluate auditory and visual hallucinations, suicide planning, and suicide attempts within the two weeks prior to the first visit. Our logistic regression model included three covariates (sex, age, and presence of major depressive episode) for adjustments. Among the 1285 respondents, 37 who had moderate or severe intellectual disability were excluded, leaving 1248 for analysis.ResultsAmong the 1069 patients who completed questionnaire items on hallucinations, 230 (21.5%) experienced auditory or visual hallucinations. After controlling for all confounders, visual hallucinations, but not auditory hallucinations, were significantly associated with increased odds of suicide planning (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–4.1). In contrast, auditory hallucinations, but not visual hallucinations, were significantly associated with increased odds of suicide attempts (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.1). No interaction effects were observed between suicidal behaviors and auditory or visual hallucinations.ConclusionsClinicians should consider the prevalence of both auditory and visual hallucinations among young adolescent patients, with emphasis on auditory hallucinations, given their association with suicide attempts.
Skin advanced glycation end products as a diagnostic and monitoring tool among psoriatic patients: how the therapy helps reduce cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Lanna Caterina , Zangrilli Arianna , Bavetta Mauro , Diluvio Laura , Campione Elena , Bianchi Luca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsPsoriasis is a disturbing and burdensome inflammatory skin disorder, with a global prevalence of 2–3%. An increased risk of cardiometabolic disease between psoriatic patients has been recently demonstrated. This is probably due to the psoriasis systemic inflammation and the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐17, IL‐23, and TNF‐α. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids which modify their structure and function. They have a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases of diabetic adults and children. The accumulation of AGEs can be measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF). Adalimumab (Humira ®) is a fully human monoclonal antibody, administered via subcutaneous injection, which binds the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is used to treat moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis. We performed an observational prospective study of 24 weeks to assess the reduction of AGEs through SAF measurement during treatment with adalimumab.MethodsSAF measurements in patients were performed at T0 and after 24 weeks of therapy. Adalimumab efficacy was assessed using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).ResultsESR, AGEs, PASI, and VAS for pain decreased throughout the study period.ConclusionAdalimumab reduced AGEs in psoriatic patients. Biologic therapies may also prevent cardiovascular disease, suggesting a new approach of combined therapy for psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases.
MiR‐363‐5p modulates regulatory T cells through STAT4‐HSPB1‐Notch1 axis and is associated with the immunological abnormality in Graves' disease
Authors: Yin Xianlun , Ge Junfeng , Ge Xiurong , Gao Jing , Su Xinhuan , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Qunye , Wang Zhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMiRNAs are a class of small non‐coding RNAs with ability to regulate function of Treg cells and are involved in many autoimmune diseases. Our previous study found that miR‐363‐5p expression was significantly upregulated in peripheral Treg cells of GD patients. Herein, we aimed to investigate its effect and mechanism on Treg cell dysfunction in GD patients. The results showed that miR‐363‐5p upregulation was significantly associated with the Treg cell dysfunction and inflammatory factors levels in GD patients. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that 883 genes were significantly regulated by miR‐363‐5p in Treg cells. These genes with significant differential expression were primarily involved in lymphocyte differentiation, immunity, as well as Notch1 and various interleukin signalling pathways. Moreover, miR‐363‐5p can regulate HSPB1 and Notch1 through the target gene STAT4, thereby regulating Notch1 signalling pathway and inhibiting Treg cells. The effects of miR‐363‐5p on Treg cell function and STAT4‐HSPB1‐Notch1 axis were also verified in GD patients. In conclusion, our results indicated that miR‐363 could inhibit the proliferation, differentiation and function of Treg cells by regulating the STAT4‐HSPB1‐Notch1 axis through target gene STAT4. MiR‐363‐5p may play an important role in Treg cell dysfunction and immune tolerance abnormalities in GD patients.
Evolutionary origin of species diversity on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Mao Kang‐Shan , Wang Yi , Liu Jian‐Quan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) sensu lato (sl) houses an exceptional species diversity in Asia. To develop a comprehensive understanding of species diversity in this fascinating region, we reviewed recent progress from biogeographic, paleogeographic, paleontological and genomic research of both plants and animals in the QTPsl. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine whether the QTPsl uplift triggered the production of rich species diversity there, whether a Quaternary “unified ice sheet” eliminated plants and animals on the central plateau and how high‐altitude species developed the extreme environment adaptations. Major disputes arose about the first issue, mainly from different understanding of the QTP circumscriptions and related uplift, inaccurate dating of molecular phylogenetic trees, and non‐causal correlations between uplift and species diversification. The QTPsl uplift is spatially and temporally heterogeneous, and abundant fossils reported recently similarly support such an asynchronous upheaval model across the entire region. Available phylogeographic studies of alpine plants and animals suggested their glacial refugia in the central QTPsl, rejecting a unified ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. Genomic evidence from a limited number of alpine species has identified numerous candidate genes for high‐altitude adaptation. In the future, more studies should be focused on speciation and adaptation mechanisms of the alpine species in the QTPsl based on the cutting‐edge methods.