bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Danish Housing
Authors: Marsh Rob 
Published: January 2021

Climate change means that buildings must greatly reduce their energy consumption. It is however paradoxical that climate mitigation in Denmark has created negative energy and indoor climate problems in housing that may be made worse by climate change. A literature review has been carried out of housing schemes where climate mitigation was sought through reduced space heating demand, and it is shown that extensive problems with overheating exist. A theoretical study of regulative and design strategies for climate mitigation in new build housing has therefore been carried out, and it is shown that reducing space heating with high levels of thermal insulation and passive solar energy results in overheating and a growing demand for cooling.
Climate change is expected to reduce space heating and increase cooling demand in housing. An analysis of new build housing using passive solar energy as a climate mitigation strategy has therefore been carried out in relation to future climate change scenarios. It is shown that severe indoor comfort problems can occur, questioning the relevance of passive solar energy as a climate mitigation strategy. In conclusion, a theoretical study of the interplay between climate adaptation and mitigation strategies is carried out, with a cross-disciplinary focus on users, passive design and active technologies. It is shown that the cumulative use of these strategies can create an adaptation buffer, thus eliminating problems with overheating and reducing energy consumption. New build housing should therefore be designed in relation to both current and future climate scenarios to show that the climate mitigation strategies ensure climate adaptation.
Study of Building Adaptation in Warm Humid Climate in Nigeria
Authors: Adebamowo Mike , Ilesanmi Adetokunbo O. 
Published: January 2021

Buildings have a considerable impact on the environment being responsible for a substantial proportion of global energy consumption, thus contributing significantly to the anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which evidence suggests is the main cause of climate change. Mitigation and adaptation measures are required to tackle the challenges of climate change. Adaptive measures – structural and behavioural strategies – are the focus of this paper. Structural strategies include flexible and adaptive structural systems; while behavioural strategies cover the spatial, personal, and psychological control measures which may influence the design and operations of buildings. The study explores the adaptive thermal comfort of occupants and examines the design strategies for adapting buildings to climate change in the tropical context, with a view to determine the effectiveness of these strategies as observed in the case study. The study was conducted during the rainy and dry seasons in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, located in a warm humid climate zone.
The Institute of Venture Design student hostel was used as case-study to conduct the survey on a sample of 40 respondents by means of structured questionnaire. The respondents' thermal sensation and access to thermal controls were determined, and their thermal sensation and thermal adaptability in both seasons comparatively analyzed. Indoor environmental parameters including air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity and air velocity were also measured. The data were analyzed using relevant descriptive and inferential statistics. The study discussed the effectiveness of design strategies available for building adaptation in an era of climate change within the warm humid environment, concluding on the need for greater synergy between the techno-structural and socio-behavioural dimensions of building adaptation.
Diversity–development nexus: Why determine economic development without diversity? A comparative analysis between developed and developing countries
Authors: Amin Saqib 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Diversity plays a vital role in the sustainable development of any country. Discrimination, segregation and bigotry are rampant causes of social evil and do great harm to our society. This study aims to investigate whether ethnic and religious diversity affects the country’s well-being or not, via a comparative analysis between developing and developed countries.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a generalized method of moments technique for empirical analysis of 158 developing and developed countries. For measurement of ethnic and religious diversity, this study used ethnic fractionalization index of Alesina (2003).

Findings
The empirical findings indicate that ethnic and religious diversity both increases the economic prosperity for developed countries, and alternatively, it makes it more miserable for developing countries. This study suggests that organizing a diverse society is a difficult task; thus, developing countries need to promote a cohesive society like developed countries by providing equal, secure and peaceful opportunity to get fruitful results of diverse populations.

Originality/value
This study investigates a comparative analysis between developing and developed countries regarding impact of ethnic and religious diversity on economic development.
How HR needs to change to get to the big table
Authors: Verma Sanjay 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper provides an overview of the challenges that HR departments and TA practitioners are facing and provide actionable takeaways to address these issues and improve company practices.

Design/methodology/approach
The insights provided in this paper come from the author's 30 years of experience in the industry and references from companies in the USA and India that have met with the author to shared their issues when recruiting quality candidates.

Findings
HR is bound to move from a tactical and complacent role to a high impact position. The HR and TA teams that have a deep understanding of complex people’s behavior and aspirations will get to the pilot seat in the industry, and their development will be nothing short of smooth.

Originality/value
This piece compiles 30 years of talent management insights collected from some of the biggest companies in India to give a cohesive idea of the aspects that need changed to ensure the quality of recruitment and satisfaction of employees.
Value-based lean implementation in a surgical unit: the impact of the methodology
Authors: Sales Marc , De Castro Rodolfo 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to present a method for strategic planning and implementation processes in health care based on lean management.Design/methodology/approachWithin the framework of the action research methodology, the authors present the ten steps of a kaizen project, which enable lean transformation over a period of time. The study is underpinned by a literature review of enablers and barriers and an implementation case in a tertiary care hospital.FindingsKey points and possible contingency issues are presented for each of the steps, and a successful lean tools intervention is illustrated by examples of improvement projects of the surgical process. Conclusions of the implementation establish a roadmap for improvement projects in hospital environments based on lean management, thus bridging the existing gap between the large number of theoretical projects (much of the projects described are not sustainable over time as the hospital sector is very particular) that have failed to be implemented, or been paused mid-term, and the self-sustaining projects developed by improvement teams in the hospital.Originality/valueThe study details knowledge gleaned from a three-year project entailing various stages: forming improvement teams; training health-care professionals in lean management; drawing up a process map to identify value stream mapping improvement opportunities; implanting projects and verifying the results obtained; and finally, laying the cornerstones, which would make the project self-sustaining and open to long-term continuous improvement.
Longitudinal vertical crack analysis in beam with relaxation stresses
Authors: Rizov Victor 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper is concerned with analysis of the time-dependent strain energy release rate for a longitudinal crack in a beam subjected to linear relaxation. A viscoelastic model with an arbitrary number of parallel units is used for treating the relaxation. Each unit has one dashpot and two springs. A stress-strain-time relationship is derived for the case when the coefficient of viscosity in each unit of the viscoelastic model changes continuously with time. The beam exhibits continuous material inhomogeneity along the thickness. Thus, the moduli of elasticity and the coefficients of viscosity vary continuously in the thickness direction. The aim of the present paper is to obtain time-dependent solutions to the strain energy release rate that take into account the relaxation when the coefficient of viscosity changes with time.

Design/methodology/approach
Time-dependent solutions to the strain energy release rate are derived by considering the time-dependent strain energy and also by using the compliance method. The two solutions produce identical results.

Findings
The variation of the strain energy release rate with time due to the relaxation is analysed. The influence of material inhomogeneity and the crack location along the beam width on the strain energy release rate are evaluated. The effects of change of the coefficients of viscosity with time and the number of units in the viscoelastic model on the strain energy release rate are assessed by applying the solutions derived.

Originality/value
The time-dependent strain energy release rate for a longitudinal vertical crack in a beam under relaxation is analysed for the case when the coefficients of viscosity change with time.
The influence of the global COVID‐19 pandemic on manuscript submissions and editor and reviewer performance at six ecology journals
Authors: Fox Charles W. , Meyer Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Government policies attempting to slow the spread of COVID‐19 have reduced access to research laboratories and shifted many scholars to working from home. These disruptions will likely influence submissions to scholarly journals, and affect the time available for editors and reviewers to participate in peer review.

In this editorial we examine how journal submissions, and editorial and peer review processes, have been influenced by the pandemic at six journals published by the British Ecological Society (BES).

We find no evidence of a change in the geographic pattern of submissions from across the globe. We also find no evidence that submission of manuscripts by women has been more affected by pandemic disruptions than have submissions by men—the proportion of papers authored by women during the COVID period of 2020 has not changed relative to the same period in 2019.

Editors handled papers just as quickly, and reviewers have agreed to review just as often, during the pandemic compared to pre‐pandemic. The one notable change in peer review during the pandemic is that reviewers replied more quickly to emails inviting them to review (albeit only 4% sooner), and those who agreed to review returned their reviews more quickly (17% sooner), during the pandemic.

We thus find no evidence at these six ecology journals that submissions and peer review processes have been negatively impacted by the pandemic. Also, contrary to analyses in other disciplines, we do not find evidence that there have been disproportionate impacts of the pandemic on female authors and reviewers.
The Elizabethan Nobility: A Recount and a Reassessment of Elizabeth's Reasons for Creating Noblemen
Authors: SCARD MARGARET 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElizabeth I is regarded as having been parsimonious in creating new noblemen, allowing the nobility to decrease in size as she sought to maintain the exclusivity of the caste. In reality, the queen created a larger nobility than her Tudor predecessors had done. Her failure to sustain this high number was due not to a policy of limiting the number of noblemen but rather because she did not need so many. Elizabeth had a policy of economy with regard to both creating and using noblemen as she maintained a nobility appropriate for the circumstances of the time, as assessed by her and Lord Burghley. Early Elizabethan peerages honoured her family and restored old titles. Later the choice of candidates was influenced by Burghley's need for more noblemen in parliament and in the counties. However, although Burghley proposed candidates, it was Elizabeth's decision whether to follow his advice and in 1589 she chose to do otherwise.
Dietitian assistant opportunities within the nutrition care process for patients with or at risk of malnutrition: a systematic review
Authors: Rushton Alita , Edwards Anna , Bauer Judith , Bell Jack J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimShifting to models of care that incorporate delegation of nutrition care process actions to dietitian assistants could facilitate effective and efficient nutrition care delivery. This review aimed to determine if delegation of malnutrition care activities to dietitian assistants, when compared with routine nutrition care practices influences patient, healthcare and/or workforce outcomes for adult hospital inpatients with or at risk of malnutrition.MethodsThis review was undertaken in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, with five databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus) searched systematically for studies published up to and including February 2020. Exclusion criteria included review articles and studies conducted in community settings.ResultsThe search yielded 3431 results, with 11 studies eligible for inclusion. Across all domains of the nutrition care process, there is emerging evidence dietitian assistants may improve the delivery of nutrition care practices, patient, healthcare and workforce outcomes. Findings demonstrated various roles and scope of dietitian assistants' practice throughout the studies. Positive patient outcomes were found when dietitian assistants were part of a multi‐disciplinary model of care.ConclusionsImplementing delegation of components of the nutrition care process to dietitian assistants is vital in the current health climate and should be considered in a future multidisciplinary model of nutrition care. Exploration of dietitian assistant roles and opportunities are required to expand and strengthen the evidence.
A Comparative Study of the Coal‐forming Characteristics of Marginal Sea Basins and Epicontinental Sea Basins
Authors: ZHAO Honggang , LI Ying , CHANG Xiangchun , LI Zengxue , LIU Haiyan , ZHAO Cunliang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe coal‐forming characteristics, as well as the similarities and differences between epicontinental sea basins and continental marginal sea basins developed during different time periods, were analyzed in this study by adopting comparative analysis thoughts and methods. The results obtained in this study revealed that epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins are both characterized by the main development of thin coal seams or extremely thin coal seams. In addition, changes in sea levels were determined to be the main controlling factors for coal formation, and there were similarities in the continent‐sea interactions and coal‐forming sedimentary systems of the different basins. However, there were also significant differences observed in the sea level change events, basin basement structural characteristics, coal seam stability levels, accumulation and aggregation characteristics, and the migration patterns of coal‐forming materials. For example, the marginal sea basins in the South China Sea were found to be characterized by strong tectonic activities, diversity and complexity. The basin structures showed complex patterns of depressions, uplifts and concave or sag uplifts, which tended to lead to greater complexity in the paleogeographic patterns of the coal formations. This had subsequently resulted in complex coal‐forming processes and paleogeographic characteristics, in which the coal‐forming zones displayed bead‐like distributions, and the enrichment areas and centers were scattered. The practical significance of studying the similarities and differences of the coal‐forming characteristics between epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins is that the results can potentially be used to guide the predictions of coal‐measure coal seam distributions in South China Sea, as well as provide valuable guidance for future explorations of natural gas reservoirs related to coal measures in the South China Sea area.
Tectonic Evolution and Key Geological Issues of the Proto‐South China Sea
Authors: TIAN Zhiwen , TANG Wu , WANG Pujun , ZHAO Zhigang , SUN Xiaomeng , TANG Huafeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are numerous controversies surrounding the tectonic properties and evolution of the Proto‐South China Sea (PSCS). By combining data from previously published works with our geological and paleontological observations of the South China Sea (SCS), we propose that the PSCS should be analyzed within two separate contexts: its paleogeographic location and the history of its oceanic crust. With respect to its paleogeographic location, the tectonic properties of the PSCS vary widely from the Triassic to the mid‐Late Cretaceous. In the Triassic, the Paleo‐Tethys and the Paleo‐Pacific Oceans were the major causes of tectonic changes in the SCS, while the PCSC may have been a remnant sea residing upon Tethys or Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust. In the Jurassic, the Meso‐Tethys and the Paleo‐Pacific oceans joined, creating a PSCS back‐arc basin consisting of Meso‐Tethys and/or Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust. From the Early Cretaceous to the mid‐Late Cretaceous, the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean was the main tectonic body affecting the SCS; the PSCS may have been a marginal sea or a back‐arc basin with Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust. With respect to its oceanic crust, due to the subduction and retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific plate in Southeast Asia at the end of the Late Cretaceous, the SCS probably produced new oceanic crust, which allowed the PSCS to formally emerge. At this time, the PSCS was most likely a combination of a new marginal sea and a remnant sea; its oceanic crust, which eventually subducted and became extinct, consisted of both new oceanic crust and remnant oceanic crust from the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean. In the present day, the remnant PSCS oceanic crust is located in the southwestern Nansha Trough.
Geochemical and Nd‐Hf Isotopic Constraints on the Petrogenesis of an Archean Granitoid in the Erguna Massif, NE China
Authors: SHAO Jun , LI Yinglei , WANG Deli , SONG Wanbing , WU Xinwei , LIU Hongzhang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrystalline basement and Precambrian crustal growth of the continental massifs within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) are still pending problems. Our geological and geochemical investigations identified an Archean (2606 Ma) granitic pluton in the Biliya area of the Erguna Massif. The Neoarchean granitoids show high and positive in‐situ zircon ∊Hf(t) (+0.3 to +10.0), whole‐rock ∊Nd(t) (+4.8) and whole‐rock ∊Hf(t) values (+2.1). They are characterized by high Y + Ce + Zr + Nb (> 220 ppm) and Zr contents and could be classified as A‐type granites. These granitoids are characterized by high Zr saturation temperatures (TZr) (796–836°C). They were derived from partial re‐melting of juvenile mafic lower crust in an intracontinental back‐arc extensional environment. This newly identified Neoarchean granitic pluton may represent the crystalline basement of the several continent massifs within the CAOB, and their high ∊Hf(t)–∊Nd(t) values may also indicate the occurrence of lateral crustal growth events in these massifs during the Neoarchean.
Geochemistry and Tectonic History of Seamount Remnants in the Xingshuwa Subduction Accretionary Complex of the Xar Moron Area, Eastern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: CHENG Yang , XIAO Qinghui , LI Tingdong , LI Yan , FAN Yuxu , XU Liquan , GUO Lingjun , PANG Jinli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the geology, geochemistry, zircon U‐Pb geochronology and tectonic settings of the three types of seamount basalts from the Xingshuwa subduction accretionary complex in the Xar Moron area, eastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The seamount remnants are composed of carbonate ‘cap’ sediments, large volumes of pillow and massive basalts, carbonate breccia slope facies and radiolarian cherts. Group 1 basalts are characterized by high contents of P2O5 and TiO2 with alkaline affinity and LREE enrichment, indicating that they are derived from intraplate magma. Group 2 basalts display N‐MORB LREE depletion patterns, indicating that they were formed at a mid‐ocean ridge. Group 3 basalts have shown distinct Nb depletion and high Th/Yb ratios, indicating that they were generated in an island arc tectonic setting. The zircon U‐Pb age of Group 1 basalt sample XWT18‐131 is 576.4 ± 9.4 Ma, suggesting that the oceanic island seamount was the product of intraplate magmatism related to a mantle plume or ‘hot spot’ in the late Neoproterozoic. The zircon U‐Pb age of Group 2 basalt sample XWT18‐132 is 483 ± 22 Ma, indicating that the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) was continuously expanding in the Early Ordovician. The zircon U‐Pb age of Group 3 basalt sample XWT18‐101 is 240.5 ± 8.2 Ma, suggesting that this area underwent the evolutionary path of ocean‐continent transition, developing towards continentalization during the Middle Triassic. Thus, we believe that there was both mantle plume‐related intraplate magmatism and intraoceanic subduction during the evolution of the PAO, the CAOB possibly being an evolutionary model of an intraoceanic subduction and mantle plume magmatism complex.
A critical review of the 2020 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation treatment recommendations for resuscitating the newly born infant
Authors: Saugstad Ola D. , Robertson Nicola J. , Vento Maximo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe 2020 recommendations from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation are an improved version of the 2015 version. The algorithm and 15 procedures are unchanged from 2015, but there are six procedures with new or changed recommendations. One new recommendation is briefing/debriefing following neonatal resuscitation. Procedures with changed suggestions/recommendations are as follows: suctioning of non‐vigorous infants delivered through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, sustained inflation of preterm infants, optimising epinephrine (adrenaline), vascular access and discontinuing resuscitative efforts.ConclusionIn this review, we summarise the present recommendations and offer additional comments and views regarding heart rate detection, cord clamping, oxygenation and thermal control.