bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Emergency Department Visits and Unplanned Readmission After Bariatric Surgery: An Experience From a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Makki Hayder , Mahdy Tarek , Emile Sameh H. , Nofal Heba , Asaad Yaser , Abdulateef Omar , Rasheed Marwan , Madyan Amr 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment of morbid obesity. As the number of bariatric procedures performed has increased, visits to the emergency department (ED) and readmissions have subsequently increased. The present study aimed to assess the rates and indications for of ED visits and readmission after bariatric surgery and to identify the predictors of hospital readmission.

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study on patients who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2018 to April 2020. The percentage of ED visits and unplanned readmission was estimated and the indications and management of each were analyzed. The association of age, sex, body mass index, and type of procedure with readmission was assessed.

Results:
Of 582 patients who underwent bariatric surgery in the study period, 204 (35%) required ED visits, and 42 (7.2%) required readmission. The mean age of patients was 33 years, and the mean body mass index was 43 kg/m2. The most common indication for ED visits was abdominal pain (41.2%). In all, 64.8% of ED visits and 43% of readmissions were unrelated to bariatric surgery complications. A total of 94.1% of patients who required ED visits and 71.4% of readmitted patients were managed conservatively. The most common procedure followed by readmission was laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (50%) then one-anastomosis gastric bypass (21.4%). Age, sex, body mass index, and procedure type were not significantly associated with higher readmission.

Conclusions:
The rates of ED visits and readmission in our cohort were 35% and 7.2%, respectively. Most cases of ED visits were not related to adverse effects of bariatric surgery and the majority of which were managed conservatively.
BREAst screening Tailored for HEr (BREATHE) - A Study Protocol On Personalised Risk-based Breast Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Liu Jenny , Ho Peh Joo , Ling Tan Tricia Hui , Yeoh Yen Shing , Chew Ying Jia , Mohamed Riza Nur Khaliesah , Khng Alexis Jiaying , Goh Su-Ann , Wang Yi , Oh Han Boon , Chin Chi Hui , Kwek Sing Cheer , Zhang Zhi Peng , Seng Ong Desmond Luan , Quek Swee Tian , Tan Chuan Chien , Wee Hwee Lin , Li Jingmei , Choong Iau Philip Tsau , Hartman Mikael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoutine mammography screening is currently the standard tool for finding cancers at an early stage, when treatment is most successful. Current breast screening programmes are one-size-fits-all which all women above a certain age threshold are encouraged to participate. However, breast cancer risk varies by individual. The BREAst screening Tailored for HEr (BREATHE) study aims to assess acceptability of a comprehensive risk-based personalised breast screening in Singapore.Methods/DesignAdvancing beyond the current age-based screening paradigm, BREATHE integrates both genetic and non-genetic breast cancer risk prediction tools to personalise screening recommendations. BREATHE is a cohort study targeting to recruit ∼3,500 women. The first recruitment visit will include questionnaires and a buccal cheek swab. After receiving a tailored breast cancer risk report, participants will attend an in-person risk review, followed by a final session assessing the acceptability of our risk stratification programme. Risk prediction is based on: a) Gail model (non-genetic), b) mammographic density and recall, c) BOADICEA predictions (breast cancer predisposition genes), and d) breast cancer polygenic risk score.DiscussionFor national implementation of personalised risk-based breast screening, exploration of the acceptability within the target populace is critical, in addition to validated predication tools. To our knowledge, this is the first study to implement a comprehensive risk-based mammography screening programme in Asia. The BREATHE study will provide essential data for policy implementation which will transform the health system to deliver a better health and healthcare outcomes.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Clinical observation of high-flow nasal cannula with non-rebreather mask use on severe or critically ill COVID-19 diabetic patients
Authors: Tareq Bhuiyan AFM , Nath Sudipta Deb , Hossain Md Jakir , Das Shuva , Das Moumita , Ahsan Moinul , Ziad Md. Iftekher-E-Alam , Padma Fahmida Khatun , Dey Rana , Shamsul Alam AKM , Zehan Farial Hoque , Saha Ayan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsPrevalence of diabetes is a vital factor in COVID-19’s clinical prognosis. This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of High-flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) with/without non-rebreather mask (NRM) use on critical COVID-19 patients with/without diabetes.MethodsFor analysis and comparison, epidemiological, biochemical, and clinical data were collected from 240 HFNC (±NRM) treated severe and critical COVID-19 patients (diabetic = 136; non-diabetic = 104) admitted into ICUs of five hospitals in Chattogram, Bangladesh.Results59.1% of patients with fever had diabetes (p=0.012). ICU stay was longer for diabetic patients (9.06±5.70) than non-diabetic patients (7.41±5.11) (p=0.020). Majority of the hypertensive patients were diabetic (68.3%; p<0.001). Majority of diabetic patients (70.4%; p<0.005) had elevated creatinine levels. Partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) after HFNC (only) administration was significantly (p=0.031) higher in non-diabetic patients (69.30±23.56) than in diabetic patients (61.50±14.49). Diabetic (62.64±13.05) and non-diabetic patients (59.40±13.22) had almost similar partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) from HFNC with NRM. Patients with elevated RBS required NRM with HFNC five times (AOR=5.1, 1.2-20.8) higher than others. Besides age, and hypertension were significantly associated with the HFNC+NRM treated diabetic patients. Factors those affected the HFNC only treated patients were fever and impaired glucose tolerance.ConclusionsThe results of this study imply that oxygen supply with HFNC and NRM may be beneficial for the elderly/hypertensive diabetic patients with COVID-19 associated AHRF; and that increased blood glucose level could be a determinant for the need of HFNC + NRM treatment.HighlightsElderly diabetic patients required both HFNC and NRM to increase oxygen saturation.Hypertension may be a factor for diabetic patients with COVID-19 requiring HFNC and NRM together.‘HFNC + NRM’-combination therapy might be needed when blood glucose levels rise.
COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of venous thrombosis, but not arterial thrombosis, compared with influenza: Insights from a large US cohort
Authors: Ward Andrew , Sarraju Ashish , Lee Donghyun , Bhasin Kanchan , Gad Sanchit , Beetel Rob , Chang Stella , Bonafede Mac , Rodriguez Fatima , Dash Rajesh 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionInfection with SARS-CoV-2 is typically compared with influenza to contextualize its health risks. SARS-CoV-2 has been linked with coagulation disturbances including arterial thrombosis, leading to considerable interest in antithrombotic therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the independent thromboembolic risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with influenza remains incompletely understood. We evaluated the adjusted risks of thromboembolic events after a diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with influenza in a large retrospective cohort.MethodsWe used a US-based electronic health record (EHR) dataset linked with insurance claims to identify adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between April 1, 2020 and October 31, 2020. We identified influenza patients diagnosed between October 1, 2018 and April 31, 2019. Primary outcomes [venous composite of pulmonary embolism (PE) and acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT); arterial composite of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI)] and secondary outcomes were assessed 90 days post-diagnosis. Propensity scores (PS) were calculated using demographic, clinical, and medication variables. PS-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThere were 417,975 COVID-19 patients (median age 57y, 61% women), and 345,934 influenza patients (median age 47y, 66% women). Compared with influenza, patients with COVID-19 had higher venous thromboembolic risk (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.38–1.70), but not arterial thromboembolic risk (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95–1.10). Secondary analyses demonstrated similar risk for ischemic stroke (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.98–1.25) and MI (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.85–1.03) and higher risk for DVT (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.19–1.56) and PE (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.57–2.10) in patients with COVID-19.ConclusionIn a large retrospective US cohort, COVID-19 was independently associated with higher 90-day risk for venous thrombosis, but not arterial thrombosis, as compared with influenza. These findings may inform crucial knowledge gaps regarding the specific thromboembolic risks of COVID-19.
Molecular evidence of coinfection with acute respiratory viruses and high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among patients presenting flu-like illness in Bukavu city, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ntagereka Patrick Bisimwa , Basengere Rodrigue Ayagirwe , Baharanyi Tshass Chasinga , Kashosi Théophile Mitima , Buhendwa Jean-Paul Chikwanine , Bisimwa Parvine Basimane , Kusinza Aline Byabene , Mugumaarhahama Yannick , Shukuru Dieudonné Wasso , Patrick Simon Baenyi , Tonui Ronald , Birindwa Ahadi Bwihangane , Mukwege Denis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with clinical manifestation cases are almost similar to those of common respiratory viral infections. This study determined the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute respiratory viruses among patients with flu-like symptoms in Bukavu city Democratic republic of Congo. We screened 1352 individuals with flu-like illnesses seeking treatment in 10 health facilities. Nasopharyngeal swabs specimens were collected to detect SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 10 common respiratory viruses were detected by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Overall, 13.9% (188/1352) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Influenza A 5.6% (56/1352), and Influenza B 0.9% (12/1352) were the most common respiratory viruses detected. Overall more than two cases of the other acute respiratory viruses were detected. Frequently observed symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity were shivering (47.8%; OR= 1.8; CI: 0.88-1.35), cough (89.6%; OR=6.5, CI: 2.16-28.2), myalgia and dizziness (59.7%; OR=2.7; CI: 1.36-5.85). Moreover, coinfection was observed in 12 (11.5%) specimens. SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza A were the most co-occurring infections, accounting for 33.3% of all positive cases. This study demonstrates cases of COVID-19 infections co-occurring with other acute respiratory infections in Bukavu city during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. These data emphasize the need for routine testing of multiple viral pathogens for better prevention and treatment plans.
Fatigue does not increase limb asymmetry or induce proximal joint power shift during sprinting in habitual, multi-speed runners
Authors: Vial Shayne , Cochrane Wilkie Jodie , Anthony Mitchell , Turner Mitchell , Blazevich J. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe ability to shift from walking and jogging to sprinting gaits, even when fatigued after prolonged effort, would have been as useful to our hunter-gatherer ancestors as it is to modern athletes. During prolonged jogging, joint moment and work decrease in the distal (ankle) joint but increase at proximal (hip/knee) joints as fatigue progresses, and such adaptations might be expected to occur in sprinting. Fatigue is also thought to increase inter-limb kinematic and force production asymmetries, which are speculated to influence injury risk. However, the effects of running-related fatigue on sprint running gait have been incompletely studied, so these hypotheses remain untested. We studied 3-D kinematics and ground reaction force production in dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NDL) legs during both non-fatigued and fatigued sprinting in habitual but uncoached running athletes. Contrary to the tested hypotheses, relative between-leg differences were greater in non-fatigued than fatigued sprinting. When not fatigued, DL produced greater propulsive impulse through both greater positive and negative work being done at the ankle, whilst NDL produced more vertical impulse, possibly resulting from the greater hip flexion observed prior to the downwards acceleration of the foot towards the ground. Whilst few changes were detected in DL once fatigued, NDL shifted towards greater horizontal force production, largely resulting from an increase in plantarflexion (distal-joint) moments and power. After fatiguing running, therefore, inter-limb asymmetry was reduced during sprinting and no distal-to-proximal shift in work/power was detected. Speculatively, these adaptations may help to attenuate decreases in running speed whilst minimising injury risk.SignificanceThe ability to attain fast running speeds may critically determine success in tasks such as prey chase- and-capture in hunter-gatherer societies as well as success in modern sports competitions. At times, sprint running may have to be performed whilst fatigued from previous, longer-distance running, when speeds are reduced, and injury risk may be higher. Previous work indicated that fatigue prompts a proximal shift in joint work and power production and an increase in inter-limb asymmetry. On the contrary, we show that relative ankle positive and negative joint work was maintained in the face of fatigue and that inter-limb asymmetry was reduced in a group of runners experienced, but not formally instructed, in both long-distance and sprint running.
Colon Innervating TRPA1 Positive Nociceptors Influence Mucosal Health In Mice
Authors: Kumar Vibhu , Kumar Vijay , Devi Kirti , Kumar Ajay , Khan Rehan , Singh Ravindra Pal , Rajarammohan Sivasubramanian , Kondepudi Kanthi Kiran , Chopra Kanwaljit , Bishnoi Mahendra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTransient receptor potential ankyrin-1 positive (TRPA1+ve) nociceptors, primarily present as peptidergic neuronal afferents in the colon are sensors of disturbance in lower gastrointestinal tract including pain induced by different pathologies. Their therapeutic role in the alleviation of chronic pain (receptor antagonism and receptor desensitization) associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is reported. However, there is limited literature available about their role in formation and sustenance of the mucosal layer, and its interaction with host physiology as well as luminal microbial community. The aim of this study focuses on the effects of nociceptive TRPA1 channel desensitization on colonic mucus production and gut health.MethodsTRPA1+ve nociceptors were desensitized by rectal administration of capsazepine. Ileum, colon was harvested and cecum content was collected. We performed morphological/histological analysis, gut permeability alteration, gene expression changes, colon metabolite profiling, and gut microbial abundance in these animals.ResultsWe found that presence of TRPA1-positive nociceptors is required for mucus layer integrity, using an intra-rectal capsazepine-induced TRPA1 desensitization model. Desensitization of TRPA1 positive nociceptors resulted in damaged mucosal lining, resultant increase in gut permeability and altered transcriptional profile of genes for goblet cell markers, mucus regulation, immune response and tight junction proteins. The damage to mucosal lining prevented its role in enterosyne (short chain fatty acids) actions.ConclusionThese results suggest that caution may need to be exercised before employing TRPA1 desensitization as a therapeutic option to alleviate pain caused due to IBD.
PathoClock and PhysioClock in mice recapitulate human multimorbidity and heterogeneous aging
Authors: Salimi Shabnam , Pettan-Brewer Christina , Ladiges Warren C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultimorbidity is a public health concern and an essential component of aging and healthspan but understudied because investigative tools are lacking that can be translatable to capture similarities and differences of the aging process across species and variability between individuals and individual organs. To help address this need, body organ disease number (BODN) borrowed from human studies was applied to C57BL/6 (B6) and CB6F1 mouse strains at 8, 16, 24 and 32 months of age, as a measure of systems morbidity based on pathology lesions to develop a mouse PathoClock resembling clinically based Body Clock in humans, using Bayesian inference. A mouse PhysioClock was also developed based on measures of physiological domains including cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and cognitive function in the same two mouse strains so that alignment with BODN was predictable. The results revealed between- and within-age variabilities in PathoClock and PhysioClock, as well as between-strain variabilities. Both PathoClock and PhysioClock correlated with chronological age more strongly in CB6F1 than C57BL/6. Prediction models were then developed, designated as PathoAge and PhysioAge, using regression models of pathology and physiology measures on chronological age. PathoAge better predicted chronological age than PhysioAge as the predicted chronological and observed chronological age for PhysioAge were complex rather than linear. In conclusion, PathoClock and PhathoAge can be used to capture biological changes that predict BODN, a metric developed in human, and compare multimorbidity across species. These mouse clocks are potential translational tools that could be used in aging intervention studies.
V-type H+ ATPase Activity is Required for Embryonic Dorsal-Ventral Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Schatzberg Daphne , Thomas Christopher F. , Reidy Patrick , Hadyniak Sarah E. , Skidanova Viktoriya , Lawton Matthew , Dojer Luz , Kitchloo Shweta , Zuch Daniel T. , Bradham Cynthia A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mechanism for embryonic dorsal-ventral (DV) symmetry breaking is idiosyncratic to the species, then converges on polarized expression of BMP signaling ligands. Here, we show that V-ATPase (VHA) activity is an early requirement for DV symmetry breaking in sea urchin embryos. In these basal deuterostomes, DV specification is mediated by ventral Nodal expression that leads to the establishment of a BMP signaling gradient. Nodal expression occurs downstream from p38 MAPK, which is transiently asymmetrically active. We show that VHA activity is required for DV symmetry breaking upstream from both p38 MAPK and Nodal. We rescue VHA-mediated ventralization by enforcing Nodal signaling asymmetry. We identify a VHA-dependent DV voltage gradient and also find that VHA activity is required for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activation. However, neither hyperpolarization nor HIF activation account for the dorsalizing effects of VHA, implicating a third unknown pathway that connects VHA activity to p38 MAPK symmetry breaking.Graphical Abstract
Type 1 piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli hijack the host immune response by binding to CD14
Authors: Tomasek Kathrin , Leithner Alexander , Glatzova Ivana , Lukesch Michael S. , Guet Călin C. , Sixt Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA key attribute of persistent or recurring bacterial infections is the ability of the pathogen to evade the host’s immune response. Many Enterobacteriaceae express type 1 pili, a pre-adapted virulence trait, to invade host epithelial cells and establish persistent infections. However, the molecular mechanisms and strategies by which bacteria actively circumvent the immune response of the host remain poorly understood. Here, we identified CD14, the major co-receptor for lipopolysaccharide detection, on dendritic cells as a previously undescribed binding partner of FimH, the protein located at the tip of the type 1 pilus of Escherichia coli. The FimH amino acids involved in CD14 binding are highly conserved across pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Binding of pathogenic bacteria to CD14 lead to reduced dendritic cell migration and blunted expression of co-stimulatory molecules, both rate-limiting factors of T cell activation. While defining an active molecular mechanism of immune evasion by pathogens, the interaction between FimH and CD14 represents a potential target to interfere with persistent and recurrent infections, such as urinary tract infections or Crohn’s disease.
Rapid cell-free characterization of multi-subunit CRISPR effectors and transposons
Authors: Wimmer Franziska , Mougiakos Ioannis , Englert Frank , Beisel Chase L. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTCRISPR-Cas biology and technologies have been largely shaped to-date by the characterization and use of single-effector nucleases. In contrast, multi-subunit effectors dominate natural systems, represent emerging technologies, and were recently associated with RNA-guided DNA transposition. This disconnect stems from the challenge of working with multiple protein subunits in vitro and in vivo. Here, we apply cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) to radically accelerate the characterization of multi-subunit CRISPR effectors and transposons. Numerous DNA constructs can be combined in one TXTL reaction, yielding defined biomolecular readouts in hours. Using TXTL, we mined phylogenetically diverse I-E effectors, interrogated extensively self-targeting I-C and I-F systems, and elucidated targeting rules for I-B and I-F CRISPR transposons using only DNA-binding components. We further recapitulated DNA transposition in TXTL, which helped reveal a distinct branch of I-B CRISPR transposons. These capabilities will facilitate the study and exploitation of the broad yet underexplored diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems and transposons.HIGHLIGHTS●PAM-DETECT for rapid determination of PAMs for Type I CRISPR-Cas systems in TXTL●Mining of Type I orthologs and characterization of extensively self-targeting systems●TXTL-based assessment of DNA target recognition and transposition by CRISPR transposons●Identification of a distinct branch of Type I-B CRISPR transposons