bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POSTCOLONIZING PLANETARY URBANIZATION: Aníbal Quijano and an Alternative Genealogy of the Urban
Authors: Vegliò Simone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe success of the ‘planetary urbanization’ approach is built upon the work of Henri Lefebvre and his understanding of the achievement of a world that is fully articulated through urban relations. However, scholars inspired by this view have normally considered his work and the Euro‐American space as presumed starting points from which to observe the progression of planetary urban processes. This article proposes an alternative genealogy of planetary urbanization by looking at—both theoretically and empirically—the global ‘periphery’ of Latin America. Specifically, the article explores the early work of the Peruvian sociologist Aníbal Quijano at CELAC between 1966 and 1971. Framed within Dependency Theory, Quijano's reflections share strong similarities and consonances with some of the critical insights that Lefebvre would elaborate only a few years later. The article thus aims to ‘postcolonize’ the planetary urbanization approach by shifting its Euro‐American theoretical and empirical centres, opening it up to contributions that—due to geo‐cultural hierarchies—have traditionally been overlooked within the main Anglophone debates. In so doing, the article proposes to engage in a plural dialogue in urban studies that combines planetary urbanization with the postcolonial critique.
Nonlinear association of nurse staffing and readmissions uncovered in machine learning analysis
Authors: Yakusheva Olga , Bang James T. , Hughes Ronda G. , Bobay Kathleen L. , Costa Linda , Weiss Marianne E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies of nurse staffing and patient outcomes found a curvilinear or U‐shaped relationship, with benefits from additional nurse staffing diminishing or reversing at high staffing levels. This study examined potential diminishing returns to nurse staffing and the existence of a “tipping point” or the level of staffing after which higher nurse staffing no longer improves and may worsen readmissions.Data Sources/Study SettingThe Readiness Evaluation And Discharge Interventions (READI) study database of over 130,000 adult (18+) inpatient discharges from 62 medical, surgical, and medical‐surgical (noncritical care) units from 31 United States (US) hospitals during October 2014–March 2017.Study DesignObservational cross‐sectional study using a fully nonparametric random forest machine learning method. Primary exposure was nurse hours per patient day (HPPD) broken down by registered nurses (nonovertime and overtime) and nonlicensed nursing personnel. The outcome was 30‐day all‐cause same‐hospital readmission. Partial dependence plots were used to visualize the pattern of predicted patient readmission risk along a range of unit staffing levels, holding all other patient characteristics and hospital and unit structural variables constant.Data Collection/Extraction methodsSecondary analysis of the READI data. Missing values were imputed using the missing forest algorithm in R.Principal FindingsPartial dependence plots were U‐shaped, showing the readmission risk first declining and then rising with additional nurse staffing. The tipping points were at 6.95 and 0.21 HPPD for registered nurse staffing (nonovertime and overtime, respectively) and 2.91 HPPD of nonlicensed nursing personnel.ConclusionsThe U‐shaped association was consistent with diminishing returns to nurse staffing suggesting that incremental gains in readmission reduction from additional nurse staffing taper off and could reverse at high staffing levels. If confirmed in future causal analyses across multiple outcomes, accompanying investments in infrastructure and human resources may be needed to maximize nursing performance outcomes at higher levels of nurse staffing.
Maternal filicide and mental illness: A descriptive study of 17 women hospitalized in a French secure unit over a 24‐year period
Authors: Raymond Sophie , Ducasse Marie‐Victoire , Azoulay Marion , Gasman Ivan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaternal filicide is defined as the murder of a child by its mother. Many classifications have been elaborated based on underlying motives such as altruism, mental pathology, fatal maltreatment, spousal revenge, or an unwanted child. Pathological filicide refers to cases in which the perpetrator has a major psychiatric illness. Related literature is sparse. The present work proposes to identify the main characteristics of mentally ill filicidal mothers. This study was based on data gathered through a retrospective chart review of all filicidal women admitted to the Henri Colin secure unit (France) between 1996 and 2019 (N = 17). Most filicidal mothers had a dysfunctional childhood marked by emotional neglect, intrafamilial violence, or social isolation. They were often married, on average about 32 years old. We found a history of attempted filicide in 3 cases, and abuse or neglect in 3 other cases. The victim's average age was 6.2 years old, and in several cases, multiple siblings were murdered. Half of the filicidal mothers had a history of psychiatric disorders. Three different diagnoses were found in our study: bipolar or depressive disorders (41.2%); schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders (41.2%); personality disorders (17.6%). We identified two subgroups, as having different motivational profiles. In the first group, filicide is a defensive reaction to a perceived threat: The murder is committed under the influence of hallucinations or delusions. In the second group, filicide is linked to a context of separation, real or imagined. Several forensic and psychopathologic features associated with each profile are detailed.
Development and evaluation of a synthetic cathinone targeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method
Authors: Sisco Edward , Burns Amber , Moorthy Arun S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo address challenges associated with the increased prevalence of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), laboratories often adopt new techniques or new methods with the goal of obtaining more detailed chemical information with a higher level of confidence. To demonstrate how new methods applied to existing techniques can be a viable approach, a targeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method for synthetic cathinones was developed. To create the method, a range of GC‐MS parameters were first investigated using a seven‐component test solution with the goal of minimizing compounds with overlapping acceptance windows by maximizing retention time differences within a reasonable runtime. Once developed, the targeted method was evaluated through several studies and was compared to a general GC‐MS confirmatory method. The method produced a twofold increase in retention time differences of the test solution compounds with a 3.83‐min shorter runtime than the general method. Limitations of the method were also studied by analyzing an additional forty‐eight cathinones to identify instances where definitive compound identification may not be possible due to overlapping acceptance windows and mass spectra. Thirty‐eight pairs of compounds had retention times differences of less than 2% and, of those thirty‐eight, one pair had indistinguishable mass spectra. A set of case samples were also analyzed using the method to evaluate suitability for casework. An increase in split ratio was required to obtain acceptable sensitivity. The development of this method is part of a larger project to measure benefits and drawbacks of different drug chemistry workflows.
Development and application of an efficient recombineering system for Burkholderia glumae and Burkholderia plantarii
Authors: Li Ruijuan , Shi Hongbo , Zhao Xiaoyu , Liu Xianqi , Duan Qiong , Song Chaoyi , Chen Hanna , Zheng Wentao , Shen Qiyao , Wang Maoqin , Wang Xue , Gong Kai , Yin Jia , Zhang Youming , Li Aiying , Fu Jun 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe lambda phage Red proteins Redα/Redβ/Redγ and Rac prophage RecE/RecT proteins are powerful tools for precise and efficient genetic manipulation but have been limited to only a few prokaryotes. Here, we report the development and application of a new recombineering system for Burkholderia glumae and Burkholderia plantarii based on three Rac bacteriophage RecET‐like operons, RecETheBDU8, RecEThTJI49 and RecETh1h2eYI23, which were obtained from three different Burkholderia species. Recombineering experiments indicated that RecEThTJI49 and RecETh1h2eYI23 showed higher recombination efficiency compared to RecETheBDU8 in Burkholderia glumae PG1. Furthermore, all of the proteins currently categorized as hypothetical proteins in RecETh1h2eYI23, RecEThTJI49 and RecETheBDU8 may have a positive effect on recombination in B. glumae PG1 except for the h2 protein in RecETh1h2eYI23. Additionally, RecETYI23 combined with exonuclease inhibitors Pluγ or Redγ exhibited equivalent recombination efficiency compared to Redγβα in Escherichia coli, providing potential opportunity of recombineering in other Gram‐negative bacteria for its loose host specificity. Using recombinase‐assisted in situ insertion of promoters, we successfully activated three cryptic non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic gene clusters in Burkholderia strains, resulting in the generation of a series of lipopeptides that were further purified and characterized. Compound 7 exhibited significant potential anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. This recombineering system may greatly enhance functional genome research and the mining of novel natural products in the other species of the genus Burkholderia after optimization of a protocol.
Frequency of root fenestration in a Greek subpopulation: A cone beam computed tomography clinical study
Authors: Kalaitzoglou Maria‐Elpida , Angelopoulos Christos , Lyroudia Kleoniki , Lambrianidis Theodoros 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to assess the root fenestration (RF) frequency in healthy, intact teeth and analyse their features in a Greek subpopulation. 432 CBCT scans were examined. 5486 teeth were evaluated for RF prevalence. RF prevalence and distribution were recorded for each jaw, tooth group, as well as patient age and sex. RF symmetry, distribution to the affected root surface and the effects of age and sex were evaluated. The prevalence of RF ranged from 0.57% (central incisors) to 7.18% (first premolars) and from 0.48% (second premolars) to 10.79% (lateral incisors) for the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. No symmetrical occurrence of RF was detected. Most RF patients presented one or two defects in both jaws. Types I and IV were the most prevalent in the maxilla, while Types III, II and V were the most prevalent in the mandible. No statistical difference was detected between different sexes and age groups (P > 0.05).
Hospitalisation for lower respiratory viral infections in older people in residential aged care facilities
Authors: Caughey Gillian E. , Jorissen Robert N. , Lang Catherine , Wesselingh Steve L. , Inacio Maria C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify incidence, trends and outcomes associated with lower respiratory viral infection (LRVI) hospitalisations in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsA population‐based cohort study of residents in RACFs aged ≥65 years from New South Wales (NSW), South Australia (SA) and Victoria (VIC) using data from the Registry of Senior Australians (2013‐2016) was conducted. Age‐ and sex‐standardised monthly and yearly LRVI hospitalisation incidences were calculated, and time trends and risk factors were assessed.ResultsOf 268 657 residents included over the study period, 12% had ≥1 LRVI hospitalisation. Average annual incidence/1000 residents was 7.1 [6.9‐7.2] in 2013, increasing to 7.8 [7.7‐8.1] in 2016. Males, increasing co‐morbidity, presence of CHF, respiratory disease and hypertension had a higher incidence of LRVI hospitalisation. In‐hospital mortality was 14%. Within 30 days following discharge, 15% died and 8% were readmitted.ConclusionsPrior to COVID‐19, incidence of hospitalisation for LRVI in Australia's residential aged care population was increasing and was associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
“Money is Not the Problem”: The Slow Financialisation of Kenya’s Water Sector
Authors: Williams Joe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the “arduous and contingent” process of creating the “preconditions” for financialised forms of development in urban Kenya. Building on a growing critical literature on how finance is shaping development in the global South, the paper traces the more‐or‐less concerted effort of an array of actors and intermediaries to create a functioning market for urban water services. Such efforts, which are justified through appeals to a “finance gap” are an attempt to connect capital seeking profitable investment opportunities with a sector long starved of funding. The pursuit of financialised models of water provision, however, is deepening the gulf between service areas that are deemed profitable (or potentially profitable) and those that are not. The paper argues that it is not lack of money, but an emerging system of water service provision which prioritises commercial principles and value extraction, that shapes where investment does (and crucially) does not flow.
Effect of renal function on the risk of thrombocytopaenia in patients receiving linezolid therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Changcheng , Xia Junbo , Ye Jian , Xie Yaping , Jin Weizhong , Zhang Wei , Wang Liusheng , Ding Xuping , Lin Nengming , Wang Limin 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe association of renal function and linezolid‐induced thrombocytopaenia (LIT) remains controversial. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine whether impaired renal function is associated with an increased LIT risk.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 2021 for eligible studies evaluating the relationship between renal function and LIT. Indicators of renal function included renal impairment (RI), severe RI, haemodialysis status, creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Unadjusted and adjusted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated separately using a random‐effect model.ResultsA total of 24 studies with 3580 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. RI patients had an increased LIT risk compared to non‐RI patients in both the unadjusted (OR 3.54; 95% CI 2.27, 5.54; I2 = 77.7%) and adjusted analyses (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.82, 3.45; I2 = 17.9%). This association persisted in the subset of studies involving only patients receiving a fixed conventional dose (600 mg every 12 h) and other subgroup analyses by ethnicity, sample size and study quality. Moreover, the LIT risk was significantly higher in patients with severe RI and haemodialysis than in patients without severe RI and haemodialysis. The eGFR and Ccr were significantly lower in LIT patients than in non‐LIT patients.ConclusionsImpaired renal function is associated with an increased risk of LIT. A reduced linezolid dose may be considered in RI patients at a low risk of treatment failure, ideally guided by therapeutic drug monitoring.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of treprostinil after intravenous injection and extended‐release oral tablet administration in healthy volunteers: An extrapolation to other patient populations including patients with hepatic impairment
Authors: Wu Xuemei , Zhang Xiaohan , Xu Ruichao , Shaik Imam Hussain , Venkataramanan Raman 
Published: July 2021

AimsPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in right ventricular overload, right heart failure and eventually death. Treprostinil is a prostacyclin analogue that is used in the treatment of PAH. As an orphan drug, limited information is available regarding its disposition and its use in special populations such as elderly, paediatric and pregnant patients. The objective of the current study was to develop a robust physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for treprostinil intravenous injection and extended‐release tablet as the first step to optimize treprostinil pharmacotherapy in patients.MethodsPBPK model was built using Simcyp simulator which integrated physicochemical properties, observed or predicted parameters for drug absorption, distribution and elimination for treprostinil, and population specific physiological characteristics. Three clinical trials after intravenous infusion and nine studies after oral administration of treprostinil extended‐release tablet in healthy volunteers were used to develop and validate the model. The simulated PK profiles were compared with the observed data. Extrapolation of the model to patient populations including patients with hepatic impairment was conducted to validate the predictions.ResultsMost of the observed data were within the 5th and 95th percentile interval of the prediction. Most of the percentage error in the PK parameters were within ±50% of the corresponding observed parameters. The developed model predicted the lung exposure of treprostinil to be approximately 0.17 times of concentration in plasma.ConclusionPredicted absorption, distribution, and metabolic enzyme kinetics gave an insight into the disposition of treprostinil in humans. Extrapolation of the established model to patient populations with hepatic impairment successfully documented the model reliability. The developed model has the potential to be used in the PK predictions in other special patient populations with different demographic, physiological and pathological characteristics.
Varying‐coefficient regression analysis for pooled biomonitoring
Authors: Wang Dewei , Mou Xichen , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman biomonitoring involves measuring the accumulation of contaminants in biological specimens (such as blood or urine) to assess individuals' exposure to environmental contamination. Due to the expensive cost of a single assay, the method of pooling has become increasingly common in environmental studies. The implementation of pooling starts by physically mixing specimens into pools, and then measures pooled specimens for the concentration of contaminants. An important task is to reconstruct individual‐level statistical characteristics based on pooled measurements. In this article, we propose to use the varying‐coefficient regression model for individual‐level biomonitoring and provide methods to estimate the varying coefficients based on different types of pooled data. Asymptotic properties of the estimators are presented. We illustrate our methodology via simulation and with application to pooled biomonitoring of a brominated flame retardant provided by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Causal mediation of semicompeting risks
Authors: Huang Yen‐Tsung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe semi‐competing risks problem arises when one is interested in the effect of an exposure or treatment on both intermediate (e.g., having cancer) and primary events (e.g., death) where the intermediate event may be censored by the primary event, but not vice versa. Here we propose a nonparametric approach casting the semi‐competing risks problem in the framework of causal mediation modeling. We set up a mediation model with the intermediate and primary events, respectively as the mediator and the outcome, and define an indirect effect as the effect of the exposure on the primary event mediated by the intermediate event and a direct effect as that not mediated by the intermediate event. A nonparametric estimator with time‐varying weights is proposed for direct and indirect effects where the counting process at timetof the primary event and its compensator are both defined conditional on the status of the intermediate event right beforet, . We show that is a zero‐mean martingale. Based on this, we further establish theoretical properties for the proposed estimators. Simulation studies are presented to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed method. Its advantage in causal interpretation over existing methods is also demonstrated in a hepatitis study.
Haematologic responses and survival do not significantly decrease with subsequent lines of therapy in systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: results from an analysis of real‐world longitudinal data
Authors: Ravichandran Sriram , Cohen Oliver C. , Law Steven , Sachchithanantham Sajitha , Mahmood Shameem , Foard Darren , Fontana Marianna , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Whelan Carol , Gillmore Julian D. , Lachmann Helen J. , Hawkins Philip N. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. 
Published: July 2021

SummarySystemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is an incurable disorder, and the natural history is incompletely understood. In this study, we describe its natural history based on an analysis of real‐world longitudinal data. All patients seen at the National Amyloidosis Centre, UK, between February 2010 and August 2019 and treated with up‐front bortezomib are included. In all, 1 276 patients received the first‐line treatment; 259, 85, and 32 patients received second, third, and fourth treatment lines, respectively. Among patients requiring further treatment after the first line, 77·2% started the second line within two years of the first line; 50·5%, 50·6%, 40·1% and 40·6% of patients had achieved at least very good partial response after the first, second, third and fourth treatment lines. Median overall survival (OS) from first, second, third and fourth lines was 45 months, 56 months, 37 months and not reached, respectively (P = 0·109). In summary, although relapses occur in AL amyloidosis, the outcomes and responses do not worsen with each subsequent relapse, making it attractive to design therapeutics with curative intent.
Dasatinib dose optimisation based on therapeutic drug monitoring reduces pleural effusion rates in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Rousselot Philippe , Mollica Luigina , Guilhot Joëlle , Guerci Agnès , Nicolini Franck E. , Etienne Gabriel , Legros Laurence , Charbonnier Aude , Coiteux Valérie , Dartigeas Caroline , Escoffre‐Barbe Martine , Roy Lydia , Cony-Makhoul Pascale , Dubruille Viviane , Gardembas Martine , Huguet Françoise , Réa Delphine , Cayssials Emilie , Guilhot François , Bergeron Anne , Molimard Mathieu , Mahon Francois-Xavier , Cayuela Jean-Michel , Busque Lambert , Bouchet Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

SummaryDasatinib is a second‐generation BCR‐ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Dasatinib 100 mg per day is associated with an increased risk of pleural effusion (PlEff). We randomly evaluated whether therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may reduce dasatinib‐associated significant adverse events (AEs) by 12 months (primary endpoint). Eligible patients started dasatinib at 100 mg per day followed by dasatinib (C)min assessment. Patients considered overdosed [(C)min ≥ 3 nmol/l) were randomised between a dose‐reduction strategy (TDM arm) and standard of care (control arm). Out of 287 evaluable patients, 80 patients were randomised. The primary endpoint was not met due to early haematological AEs occurring before effective dose reduction. However, a major reduction in the cumulative incidence of PlEff was observed in the TDM arm compared to the control arm (4% vs. 15%; 11% vs. 35% and 12% vs. 39% at one, two and three years, respectively (P = 0·0094)). Molecular responses were superimposable in all arms. Dasatinib TDM during treatment initiation was feasible and resulted in a significant reduction of the incidence of PlEff in the long run, without impairing molecular responses. (NCT01916785; https://clinicaltrials.gov).