bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing of infant emotion in mothers with mood disorders and implications for infant development
Authors: Bjertrup Anne J. , Moszkowicz Mala , Egmose Ida , Kjærbye-Thygesen Anette , Nielsen René E. , Parsons Christine E. , Kessing Lars V. , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Væver Mette S. , Miskowiak Kamilla W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtypical neurocognitive responses to emotional stimuli are core features of unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD). For mothers with these mood disorders, this may influence interactions with their infants and consequently infant development. The study aimed to investigate psychophysiological and cognitive responses to infant emotional stimuli, and their relation to mother–infant interaction and infant development, in mothers with BD or UD in full or partial remission.MethodsFour months after birth, mothers' cognitive responses to emotional infant stimuli were assessed with computerized tasks, while their facial expressions, galvanic skin responses (GSR), gazes, and fixations were recorded. Infant development and mother–infant interactions were also assessed.ResultsWe included 76 mothers: 27 with BD, 13 with UD, and 36 without known psychiatric disorders, and their infants. Mothers with BD and UD were in full or partial remission and showed blunted GSR and spent less time looking at infant stimuli (unadjustedpvalues < 0.03). Mothers with BD showed subtle positive neurocognitive biases (unadjustedpvalues<0.04) and mothers with UD showed negative biases (unadjustedpvalues < 0.02). Across all mothers, some measures of atypical infant emotion processing correlated with some measures of delays in infant development and suboptimal mother–infant interaction (unadjustedpvalues<0.04).ConclusionsMothers with mood disorders in full or partial remission showed atypical cognitive and psychophysiological response to emotional infant stimuli, which could be associated with mother–infant interactions and infant development. The study is explorative, hypothesis generating, and should be replicated in a larger sample. Investigation of the long-term implications of reduced maternal sensitivity is warranted.
Accountability through public participation? Experiences from the ten-thousand-citizen review in Nanjing, China
Authors: Li Yanwei , Qin Xiaolei , Koppenjan Joop 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, we report on an in-depth case study of the ten-thousand-citizen review in Nanjing, an initiative to deal with the accountability deficit with which many Chinese governments have to cope. Nanjing Municipality invited citizens to evaluate officials’ performance, and their reviews influenced the scores of officials’ remunerations and even their careers. On the basis of theory, in this study, we develop a typology that is used to analyse how the introduction of this new horizontal practice of “letting citizens judge” influenced the existing accountability relations and how these relationships evolved over time. Our findings show that citizens’ involvement initially resulted in a practice in which types of accountability were mixed and resulted in a situation of multiple accountabilities disorder. Only gradually were accountability characteristics aligned and the accountability deficit and overload reduced. This demonstrates the difficulties and challenges of introducing horizontal accountability arrangements in existing accountability systems.
Crack and Criminal Justice in Canton, Ohio, 1987–1999: “The Drug Problem has Created a Monster”
Authors: COOLEY WILL 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe rise of crack cocaine in the late 1980s propelled the war on drugs. The experience of Canton, Ohio, shows how the response to crack solidified mass incarceration. A declining industrial city of 84,000 people in northeast Ohio with deep-seated racial divides, it was overwhelmed by aggressive, enterprising crack dealers from outside the city. In response, politicians and residents united behind the strategy of incessant arrests and drastic prison sentences. The law-enforcement offensive worsened conditions while pursuing African Americans at blatantly disproportionate rates, but few people engaged in reframing the drug problem. Instead, a punitive citizenry positioned punishment as the principal remedy. The emergency foreclosed on more comprehensive assessments of the city’s tribulations, while the criminal justice system emerged as the paramount institution.
Expanding the limits of sex: a systematic review concerning food and nutrition in transgender populations
Authors: Gomes Sávio Marcelino , Jacob Michelle CM , Rocha Cecília , Medeiros Maria FA , Lyra Clélia O , Noro Luiz RA 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the literature and identify main themes, methods and results of studies concerning food and nutrition addressed in research on transgender populations.Design:A systematic review conducted through July 2020 in the MedLine/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases.Results:Of the 778 studies identified in the databases, we selected thirty-seven. The studies were recent, most of them published after 2015, being produced in Global North countries. The most often used study design was cross-sectional; the least frequently used study design was ethnographic. Body image and weight control were predominant themes (n25), followed by food and nutrition security (n5), nutritional status (n5), nutritional health assistance (n1) and emic visions of healthy eating (n1).Conclusions:The transgender community presents body, food and nutritional relationships traversed by its unique gender experience, which challenges dietary and nutritional recommendations based on the traditional division by sex (male and female). We need to complete the lacking research and understand contexts in the Global South, strategically investing in exploratory-ethnographic research, to develop categories of analysis and recommendations that consider the transgender experience.
Diseases of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense): possible role as a reservoir of pathogens affecting other plants
Authors: Ahn Ezekiel , Prom Louis K. , Magill Clint 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is one of the most noxious weeds distributed around the world. Due to its rapid growth, wide dissemination, seeds that can germinate after years in the soil, and ability to spread via rhizomes, S. halepense is difficult to control. From a perspective of plant pathology, S. halepense is also a potential reservoir of pathogens that can eventually jump to other crops, especially corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. As one of the most problematic weeds, S. halepense and its diseases can provide useful information concerning its role in diseases of agronomically important crops. An alternative consideration is that S. halepense may provide a source of genes for resistance to pathogens. While some studies have verified that pathogens isolated from S. halepense actually cause disease on host crops through cross inoculation, similarity of disease symptoms and pathogen morphology have been used for identity of the disease agent in most studies. Availability of DNA sequence information has greatly altered and improved pathogen identification, leading to significant changes in phylogenetic assignments. Reclassification of pathogens, especially fungi, raises new questions concerning the role of S. halepense as a disease reservoir. Our goals in this review are to pinpoint, where possible, diseases for which S. halepense acts as a significant pathogen reservoir and to point out problem areas where further research is needed.
Dating Lake Sediments Using Compound‐Specific 14C Analysis of C16 Fatty Acid: A Case Study From the Mount Fuji Volcanic Region, Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Shinya , Nishizawa Fumikatsu , Yoshimoto Mitsuhiro , Miyairi Yosuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Suga Hisami , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLake sediments in volcanic regions contain continuous records of past eruptions and their environmental consequences. However, the frequent scarcity of plant material in lake sediments makes it difficult to provide robust age estimates. In this study, we performed compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of fatty acids in a sediment core from Lake Kawaguchi in the Mount Fuji volcanic region, Japan, to assess their potential for dating sediments. The C16 fatty acid in the core top sediments exhibits an almost identical age (983 ± 56 years BP) to that of dissolved inorganic carbon in the modern lake surface water, which confirms that the carbon of this compound is derived from lake phytoplankton. Comparison of the 14C age between the C16 fatty acid and a plant leaf at the widespread (Amagi‐Kawagodaira) tephra layer revealed a lake reservoir age of 1,003 ± 73 14C years at ca. 3,150 cal BP, which is consistent with the modern lake reservoir age and the 14C age of the C16 fatty acid in the core top sediments, within error. The reservoir‐corrected 14C age of the C16 fatty acid yielded a modeled age of 2,837 ± 78 cal BP for the Mount Fuji Tephra (Omuro scoria‐fall deposit) in the core. This age is in good agreement with the age determined from plant remains in the same core (2,938 ± 29 cal BP), indicating that CSRA of C16 fatty acid has the potential to date lake sediments after reservoir age correction, even in sediments with limited occurrence of plant macrofossils.
Opposite Responses of the Dry and Moist Eddy Heat Transport Into the Arctic in the PAMIP Experiments
Authors: Audette Alexandre , Fajber Robert A. , Kushner Paul J. , Wu Yutian , Peings Yannick , Magnusdottir Gudrun , Eade Rosie , Sigmond Michael , Sun Lantao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven uncertainty in the processes involved in polar amplification, elucidating the role of poleward heat and moisture transport is crucial. The Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) permits robust separation of the effects of sea ice loss from sea surface warming under climate change. We utilize a moist isentropic circulation framework that accounts for moisture transport, condensation, and eddy transport, in order to analyze the circulation connecting the mid‐latitudes and the Arctic. In PAMIP's atmospheric general circulation model experiments, prescribed sea ice loss reduces poleward heat transport (PHT) by warming the returning moist isentropic circulation at high latitudes, while prescribed warming of the ocean surface increases PHT by strengthening the moist isentropic circulation. Inter‐model spread of PHT into the Arctic reflects the tug‐of‐war between sea‐ice and surface‐warming effects.
Non‐Detection of Lightning During the Second Parker Solar Probe Venus Gravity Assist
Authors: Pulupa Marc , Bale Stuart D. , Curry Shannon M. , Farrell William M. , Goodrich Katherine A. , Goetz Keith , Harvey Peter R. , Malaspina David M. , Raouafi Nour E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft completed its second Venus gravity assist maneuver (VGA2) on December 26, 2019. For a 20 min interval surrounding closest approach, the PSP/FIELDS Radio Frequency Spectrometer (RFS) was set to “burst mode,” recording radio spectra from 1.3 to 19.2 MHz at sub‐second cadence. We analyze this burst mode data, searching for signatures of radio frequency “sferic” emission from lightning discharges. During the burst mode interval, only four spectra were observed with strong impulsive signals, and all four could be attributed to saturation of the RFS high gain stage by in situ electrostatic plasma waves. These RFS measurements during VGA2 are consistent with previous non‐detection of radio frequency lightning signals from Venus reported by Gurnett et al. (2001, https://doi.org/10.1038/35053009).
Seasonal Predictability of Global and North American Coastal Sea Surface Temperature and Height Anomalies
Authors: Shin Sang‐Ik , Newman Matthew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA Linear Inverse Model (LIM) is constructed to evaluate predictability of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) anomalies over the ice‐free global ocean. Its ensemble‐mean hindcast skill is also compared to that of the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) for 1982–2010. Both have similar skill for dominant modes of SST variability, but regional NMME SST skill is somewhat higher in many locations. However, the LIM has considerably more Atlantic and Southern Ocean SSH skill. Skill is generally comparable along the North American coastline, but LIM skill is greater for several highly productive coastal zones and East Coast tide gauge stations. Diverse, often predictable ENSO events drive teleconnections providing predictability in the North Pacific and along the US West Coast. Predictability in the Atlantic and along the US East Coast is associated with Gulf Stream strength modulation. Overall, the LIM shows potential for seasonal prediction of coastal ocean conditions.
Distinct Carbonate Lithologies in Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Zastrow Allison M. , Glotch Timothy D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJezero crater is the landing site for the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. The Noachian‐aged crater has undergone several periods of fluvial and lacustrine activity and phyllosilicate‐ and carbonate‐bearing rocks were formed and emplaced as a result. It also contains a portion of the regional Nili Fossae olivine‐carbonate unit. In this work, we performed spectral mixture analysis of visible/near‐infrared hyperspectral imagery over Jezero. We modeled carbonate abundances up to ∼35% and identified three distinct units containing different carbonate phases. Our work also shows that the olivine in Jezero is predominantly restricted to aeolian deposits overlying the carbonate rocks. The diversity of carbonate phases in Jezero points to multiple periods of carbonate formation under varying conditions.
Superconducting Receiver Technologies Supporting ALMA and Future Prospects
Authors: Uzawa Y. , Fujii Y. , Kojima T. , Kroug M. , Shan W. , Ezaki S. , Miyachi A. , Kiuchi H. , Gonzalez A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the development of superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) receivers in the 787–950 GHz radio frequency (RF) range, which covers the highest frequency band of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and is recognized as the most difficult band in terms of superconducting technology, because the conventional superconducting material of Nb cannot be used for the circuitry in the mixer devices at the frequencies. The development began at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) in 2005, and the manufacturing and testing of all the receivers to be installed in the 66 Cassegrain reflector antennas that compose ALMA was completed in 2013. This enabled the terahertz frequency observations with the highest sensitivity from the ground. To meet the stringent ALMA requirements, terahertz SIS mixers with high‐quality superconducting NbTiN films were developed, which successfully demonstrated an unpreceded noise performance less than 230 K (5 times the quantum noise) for all the receivers. After the construction of ALMA, NAOJ began development studies for ALMA enhancement such as wideband and multibeam SIS receivers according to top‐level science requirements. To increase instantaneous bandwidth of the receivers, a submillimeter‐wave multiband receiver concept with a waveguide multiplexer, wideband intermediate frequency SIS‐mixer‐amplifier, and multifrequency local oscillator (LO) source is presented. The multibeam receiver employs a planar‐integrated SIS mixer circuit that includes all the RF components except the LO distribution network and an SIS‐mixer‐based amplifier of low power consumption, which is expected to enable the wide field‐of‐view observations in the future.
Extension Discrepancy of the Hyper‐Thinned Continental Crust in the Baiyun Rift, Northern Margin of the South China Sea
Authors: Zhao Yanghui , Ding Weiwei , Ren Jianye , Li Jiabiao , Tong Dianjun , Zhang Jiangyang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAt rifted continental margins, it has been widely reported that the amount of extension measured from faulting is less than the one observed from crustal and lithospheric thinning, referred to as “extension discrepancy.” Here, we use observations from high‐resolution seismic reflection data over the Baiyun Rift to explore the discrepancy between upper and whole crustal thinning factors when the crust of the Northern South China Sea margin thinned from 30 to <10 km. We first restore the rift system of the Baiyun Rift in the absence of post‐rift sediments and water loading. Subsequently, we calculate thinning factors based on fault geometries and crustal thickness ratios to compare the deformation of the upper and whole crust. Our results show (1) in the eastern and western basins, upper crustal thinning factors exceed that of whole crust, showing an inverse discrepancy and (2) upper crustal faulting was sufficient to explain the whole crustal thinning in a narrow area of the basin center, indicating no extension discrepancy. The inverse discrepancy in the western basin results from relatively weak ductile shearing in the lower crust, while in the eastern basin, it is caused by intense sequential detachment faulting in the upper crust. Moreover, lower crust exhumation may trigger magma underplating, which further decreases whole crustal thinning factors. Overall, the hyper‐thinning process of the continental crust beneath the Baiyun Rift is dominated by sequential detachment faulting and is characterized by upper crustal thinning factors equaling or significantly exceeding whole crustal thinning factors.
Evidence of Sub‐MeV EMIC‐Driven Trapped Electron Flux Dropouts From GPS Observations
Authors: Hendry A. T. , Rodger C. J. , Clilverd M. A. , Morley S. K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor many years, it was believed that resonant interactions between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and radiation belt electrons were restricted to electron energies >1–2 MeV. In recent years, however, a growing body of experimental evidence has shown that EMIC waves can cause the scattering loss of electrons down to sub‐MeV energies. Using measurements of trapped electron flux from the Global Positioning System satellite constellation, we investigate the ability of EMIC waves to cause significant depletions of radiation belt electron populations between 4 ≤ L* ≤ 5. For the first time, we present statistical evidence demonstrating global decreases in sub‐MeV trapped electron flux in response to EMIC wave activity. Although we find that electron losses extend down to sub‐MeV energies, we also show strong statistical support for the ability of EMIC waves to preferentially cause substantial depletions of ultra‐relativistic electrons in the radiation belts.
Revealing unconventional host–guest complexation at nanostructured interface by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Gan-Yu , Sun Yi-Bin , Shi Pei-Chen , Liu Tao , Li Zhi-Hao , Luo Si-Heng , Wang Xin-Chang , Cao Xiao-Yu , Ren Bin , Liu Guo-Kun , Yang Liu-Lin , Tian Zhong-Qun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInterfacial host–guest complexation offers a versatile way to functionalize nanomaterials. However, the complicated interfacial environment and trace amounts of components present at the interface make the study of interfacial complexation very difficult. Herein, taking the advantages of near-single-molecule level sensitivity and molecular fingerprint of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), we reveal that a cooperative effect between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and methyl viologen (MV2+2I−) in aggregating Au NPs originates from the cooperative adsorption of halide counter anions I−, MV2+, and CB[7] on Au NPs surface. Moreover, similar SERS peak shifts in the control experiments using CB[n]s but with smaller cavity sizes suggested the occurrence of the same guest complexations among CB[5], CB[6], and CB[7] with MV2+. Hence, an unconventional exclusive complexation model is proposed between CB[7] and MV2+ on the surface of Au NPs, distinct from the well-known 1:1 inclusion complexation model in aqueous solutions. In summary, new insights into the fundamental understanding of host–guest interactions at nanostructured interfaces were obtained by SERS, which might be useful for applications related to host–guest chemistry in engineered nanomaterials.
Up-regulated circBACH2 contributes to cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xinxing , Xue Bingjian , Zhang Yujie , Guo Guangcheng , Duan Xin , Dou Dongwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn increasing amount of evidence has proven the vital role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer progression. However, there remains a dearth of knowledge on the function of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Utilizing a circRNA microarray dataset, four circRNAs were identified to be abnormally expressed in TNBC. Among them, circBACH2 was most significantly elevated in TNBC cancerous tissues and its high expression was positively correlated to the malignant progression of TNBC patients. In normal human mammary gland cell line, the overexpression of circBACH2 facilitated epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation. In TNBC cell lines, circBACH2 knockdown suppressed the malignant progression of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, circBACH2 sponged miR-186-5p and miR-548c-3p, thus releasing the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression. The interference of miR-186-5p/miR-548c-3p efficiently promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion suppressed by circBACH2 knockdown in the TNBC cell lines. Finally, circBACH2 knockdown repressed the growth and lung metastasis of TNBC xenografts in nude mice. In summary, circBACH2 functions as an oncogenic circRNA in TNBC through a novel miR-186-5p/miR-548c-3p/CXCR4 axis.
Energy harvesting optical modulators with sub-attojoule per bit electrical energy consumption
Authors: de Cea M. , Atabaki A. H. , Ram R. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe light input to a semiconductor optical modulator can constitute an electrical energy supply through the photovoltaic effect, which is unexploited in conventional modulators. In this work, we leverage this effect to demonstrate a silicon modulator with sub-aJ/bit electrical energy consumption at sub-GHz speeds, relevant for massively parallel input/output systems such as neural interfaces. We use the parasitic photovoltaic current to self-charge the modulator and a single transistor to modulate the stored charge. This way, the electrical driver only needs to charge the nano-scale gate of the transistor, with attojoule-scale energy dissipation. We implement this ‘photovoltaic modulator’ in a monolithic CMOS platform. This work demonstrates how close integration and co-design of electronics and photonics offers a path to optical switching with as few as 500 injected electrons and electrical energy consumption as low as 20 zJ/bit, achieved only by recovering the absorbed optical energy that is wasted in conventional modulation.