bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Matos-Maraví Pável , Wahlberg Niklas , Freitas André V L , Devries Phil , Antonelli Alexandre , Penz Carla M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRegional species diversity is explained ultimately by speciation, extinction and dispersal. Here, we estimate dispersal and speciation rates of Neotropical butterflies to propose an explanation for the distribution and diversity of extant species. We focused on the tribe Brassolini (owl butterflies and allies), a Neotropical group that comprises 17 genera and 108 species, most of them endemic to rainforest biomes. We inferred a robust species tree using the multispecies coalescent framework and a dataset including molecular and morphological characters. This formed the basis for three changes in Brassolini classification: (1) Naropina syn. nov. is subsumed within Brassolina; (2) Aponarope syn. nov. is subsumed within Narope; and (3) Selenophanes orgetorix comb. nov. is reassigned from Catoblepia to Selenophanes. By applying biogeographical stochastic mapping, we found contrasting species diversification and dispersal dynamics across rainforest biomes, which might be explained, in part, by the geological and environmental history of each bioregion. Our results revealed a mosaic of biome-specific evolutionary histories within the Neotropics, where butterfly species have diversified rapidly (cradles: Mesoamerica), have accumulated gradually (museums: Atlantic Forest) or have diversified and accumulated alternately (Amazonia). Our study contributes evidence from a major butterfly lineage that the Neotropics are a museum and a cradle of species diversity.
An Expanded Framework for Community Viability Analysis
Authors: Eichenwald Adam J , Reed J Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Community viability analysis (CVA) has been put forth as an analogue for population viability analysis (PVA), an accepted conservation tool for evaluating species-specific threat and management scenarios. The original proposal recommended that CVAs examine resistance-based questions. PVAs, however, are broadly applicable to multiple types of viability questions, suggesting that the original CVA definition may be too narrow. In the present article, we advance an expanded framework in which CVA includes any analysis assessing the status, threats, or management options of an ecological community. We discuss viability questions that can be investigated with CVA. We group those inquiries into categories of resistance, resilience, and persistence, and provide case studies for each. Finally, we broadly present the steps in a CVA.
Health economic analysis of total extraperitoneal repair versus Lichtenstein surgery for inguinal hernia: data from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Westin L , Sandblom G , Gunnarsson U , Dahlstrand U 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim was to compare cost-effectiveness of Lichtenstein under local anaesthesia (LLA) with total extraperitoneal repair (TEP) under general anaesthesia for primary inguinal hernia in men. An endoscopic approach to inguinal hernia repair is often considered costlier. The cost of endoscopic hernia repair, however, has not been compared to open inguinal hernia repair in a cost-effective setting.

Methods
Data from an RCT comparing TEP and Lichtenstein in a cost-effective setting, with health economy as a secondary endpoint, were used. Data on costs were collected prospectively. Data on sick leave were obtained from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency in order to compare lengths of sick leave.

Results
In total, 384 patients were included and 374 (97.4 per cent) patients were available for analysis, 189 in the LLA group and 185 in the TEP group. The median operating time for LLA was 70 (i.q.r. 60–80) min compared with 60 (i.q.r. 50–75) min in the TEP group (P &lt; 0.001). The median time in operating theatre was 114 (i.q.r. 95–-125) min for LLA and 125 (i.q.r. 110–145) min for TEP (P &lt; 0.001). The median cost including all materials was 2433 (i.q.r. 2084–2734) Euros for LLA and 2395 (i.q.r. 2093–2784) Euro for TEP (P = 0.650). Mean sick leave was 4.2 days in the LLA group and 6.2 days in the TEP group (P = 0.830).

Conclusion
The overall cost to the hospital or length of sick leave did not differ between LLA and TEP.
LRRK2 G2019S kinase activity triggers neurotoxic NSF aggregation
Authors: Pischedda Francesca , Cirnaru Maria Daniela , Ponzoni Luisa , Sandre Michele , Biosa Alice , Carrion Maria Perez , Marin Oriano , Morari Michele , Pan Lifeng , Greggio Elisa , Bandopadhyay Rina , Sala Mariaelvina , Piccoli Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of protein aggregates in surviving neurons. The LRRK2 G2019S mutation is one of the major determinants of familial Parkinson’s disease cases and leads to late-onset Parkinson’s disease with pleomorphic pathology, including α-synuclein accumulation and deposition of protein inclusions. We demonstrated that LRRK2 phosphorylates N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF). We observed aggregates containing NSF in basal ganglia specimens from patients with Parkinson’s disease carrying the G2019S variant, and in cellular and animal models expressing the LRRK2 G2019S variant. We found that LRRK2 G2019S kinase activity induces the accumulation of NSF in toxic aggregates. Of note, the induction of autophagy cleared NSF aggregation and rescued motor and cognitive impairment observed in aged hG2019S bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mice. We suggest that LRRK2 G2019S pathological phosphorylation impacts on NSF biochemical properties, thus causing the formation of cytotoxic protein inclusions.
Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of a Highly Conserved Operon Cluster inGammaproteobacteriaandBacilli
Authors: Brandis Gerrit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe evolution of gene order rearrangements within bacterial chromosomes is a fast process. Closely related species can have almost no conservation in long-range gene order. A prominent exception to this rule is a &gt;40 kb long cluster of five core operons (secE-rpoBC-str-S10-spc-alpha) and three variable adjacent operons (cysS, tufB, and ecf) that together contain 57 genes of the transcriptional and translational machinery. Previous studies have indicated that at least part of this operon cluster might have been present in the last common ancestor of bacteria and archaea. Using 204 whole genome sequences, ∼2 Gy of evolution of the operon cluster were reconstructed back to the last common ancestors of the Gammaproteobacteria and of the Bacilli. A total of 163 independent evolutionary events were identified in which the operon cluster was altered. Further examination showed that the process of disconnecting two operons generally follows the same pattern. Initially, a small number of genes is inserted between the operons breaking the concatenation followed by a second event that fully disconnects the operons. While there is a general trend for loss of gene synteny over time, there are examples of increased alteration rates at specific branch points or within specific bacterial orders. This indicates the recurrence of relaxed selection on the gene order within bacterial chromosomes. The analysis of the alternation events indicates that segmental genome duplications and/or transposon-directed recombination play a crucial role in rearrangements of the operon cluster.
A combined method using singular spectrum analysis and instantaneous frequency for the ground-roll filtering
Authors: Possidonio Misael , Porsani Milton J 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
The noise attenuation is a fundamental step in seismic data processing, especially when ground-roll suppression remains a challenge. Rank-reduction methods have become quite popular in recent decades, as they promote significant improvements in the quality of data, highlighting reflections in seismograms. We present a methodology for ground-roll filtering, which combines the application of a recursive-iterative singular spectrum analysis method, in the time domain, as a particular way to decompose seismic data, with the computation of the average instantaneous frequency of the signal components. This combination allows for a precise estimation and filtering of the ground-roll noise. The frequency values are used for determining, in each component, the low-frequency parts associated with the ground roll. For every single component, the ground roll is attenuated by zeroing, and stacking the data components, where the average instantaneous frequency values match the ground-roll bandwidth of frequency. Also, in order to enhance the lateral coherence of the reflectors, we present an extension of the recursive-iterative algorithm for a multichannel case. The multichannel algorithm is applicable on a shot, or common mid-point family of seismic traces, after the normal moveout correction. The numerical results using real data show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for ground-roll attenuation and for improving the velocity analysis.
Modelling the large earthquakes recurrence times along the North Aegean Trough Fault Zone (Greece) with a physics-based simulator
Authors: Kourouklas Christos , Console Rodolfo , Papadimitriou Eleftheria , Murru Maura , Karakostas Vassilios 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYThe recurrence time of large earthquakes above a predefined magnitude threshold on specific faults or fault segments is one of the key parameters for the development of long-term Earthquake Rupture Forecast models. Observational data of successive large earthquakes per fault segment are often limited and thus inadequate for the construction of robust statistical models. The physics-based earthquake simulators are a powerful tool to overcome recurrence data limitations by generating long earthquake records. A physics-based simulator, embodying well known physical processes, is applied in the North Aegean Trough (NAT) Fault Zone (Greece). The application of the simulation is implemented, after defining a five segment source model, aiming at the investigation of the recurrence behaviour of earthquakes with Mw ≥ 6.5 and Mw ≥ 7.0. The detailed examination of the 544 Mw ≥ 6.5 earthquakes included in the simulated catalogue reveals that both single and multiple segmented ruptures can be realized along the NAT. Results of statistical analysis of the interevent times of Mw ≥ 6.5 and Mw≥ 7.0 earthquakes per participating segment to the related ruptures indicate the better performance of the Brownian Passage Time renewal model in comparison to exponential model. These results provide evidence for quasi-periodic recurrence behaviour, agreeing with the elastic rebound theory, instead of Poissonian behaviour.
Blockchain as Schumpeter Mark 1 or Mark 2? An empirical analysis of blockchain job offers in France and Germany
Authors: Cimiterra Martin , Krafft Jackie , Nesta Lionel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article investigates whether blockchain technology corresponds to Schumpeter Mark 1 or Mark 2 industrial dynamics. Using an original database of 385 job offers in three different domains, namely, blockchain, biotechnology, and storekeeping, posted by 285 companies in France and Germany in early 2019, we explore whether the usual Schumpeter Mark 1 and 2 attributes apply to blockchains. We use ordered multinomial probit models to explain the level of work experience demanded by companies. To our knowledge, this contribution is one among very few attempts to identify the main features of blockchain industrial dynamics.
Genetic risk scores for cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan African populations
Authors: Ekoru Kenneth , Adeyemo Adebowale A , Chen Guanjie , Doumatey Ayo P , Zhou Jie , Bentley Amy R , Shriner Daniel , Rotimi Charles N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
There is growing support for the use of genetic risk scores (GRS) in routine clinical settings. Due to the limited diversity of current genomic discovery samples, there are concerns that the predictive power of GRS will be limited in non-European ancestry populations. GRS for cardiometabolic traits were evaluated in sub-Saharan Africans in comparison with African Americans and European Americans.

Methods
We evaluated the predictive utility of GRS for 12 cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africans (AF; n = 5200), African Americans (AA; n = 9139) and European Americans (EUR; n = 9594). GRS were constructed as weighted sums of the number of risk alleles. Predictive utility was assessed using the additional phenotypic variance explained and the increase in discriminatory ability over traditional risk factors [age, sex and body mass index (BMI)], with adjustment for ancestry-derived principal components.

Results
Across all traits, GRS showed up to a 5-fold and 20-fold greater predictive utility in EUR relative to AA and AF, respectively. Predictive utility was most consistent for lipid traits, with percentage increase in explained variation attributable to GRS ranging from 10.6% to 127.1% among EUR, 26.6% to 65.8% among AA and 2.4% to 37.5% among AF. These differences were recapitulated in the discriminatory power, whereby the predictive utility of GRS was 4-fold greater in EUR relative to AA and up to 44-fold greater in EUR relative to AF. Obesity and blood pressure traits showed a similar pattern of greater predictive utility among EUR.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates the poorer performance of GRS in AF and highlights the need to improve representation of multiple ethnic populations in genomic studies to ensure equitable clinical translation of GRS.
Physical activity and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: evidence from meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Sun Lingling , Zhu Jiahao , Ling Yuxiao , Mi Shuai , Li Yasong , Wang Tianle , Li Yingjun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
There is very little information about the association between physical activity (PA) and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of PA on subsequent risk of developing RA.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science up to 19 September 2020. Observational studies examining associations between PA and the RA development were identified. Categorical and dose–response meta-analyses were both performed. Then two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to interrogate the causal relationship by utilizing genetic instruments identified from a genome-wide association study of self-reported and accelerometer-based PA traits.

Results
Four eligible studies were included in the meta-analyses, involving 4213 RA cases among 255 365 participants. The summary relative risk (RR) of RA risk was 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.87] for the highest vs the lowest PA, and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.92) for PA vs inactivity/occasional PA. However, we found no convincing evidence supporting a causal role of genetically predicted accelerometer-measured PA [odds ratio (OR): 0.97; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.08 per 1-SD unit increment], genetically predicted moderate-to-vigorous PA (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.49, 2.39 per 1-SD unit increment) or genetically predicted vigorous PA ≥3 days/week (OR: 2.63; 95% CI: 0.05, 130.96) with RA risk.

Conclusions
The meta-analyses of the observational studies indicated that higher PA levels correlate with reduced risk of RA. In contrast to meta-analyses, the MR analyses reported here suggested PA may not help to prevent RA.
Segment Inequality and Almost Rigidity Structures for Integral Ricci Curvature
Authors: Chen Lina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We will show the Cheeger–Colding segment inequality for manifolds with integral Ricci curvature bound. By using this segment inequality, the almost rigidity structure results for integral Ricci curvature will be derived by a similar method as in [1]. And the sharp Hölder continuity result of [7] holds in the limit space of manifolds with integral Ricci curvature bound.
ASAS-NANP symposium: digestion kinetics in pigs: the next step in feed evaluation and a ready-to-use modeling exercise
Authors: Gerrits Walter J J , Schop Marijke T A , de Vries Sonja , Dijkstra Jan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Growing importance of upcycling agricultural by-products, food waste, and food processing by-products through livestock production strongly increased the variation in the nutritional quality of feed ingredients. Traditionally, feed ingredients are evaluated based on their measured extent of digestion. Awareness increases that in addition to the extent, the kinetics of digestion affects the metabolic fate of nutrients after absorption. Together with a growing body of evidence of complex interactions occurring within the lumen of the digestive tract, this urges the need of developing new approaches for feed evaluation. In a recently developed approach, we propose combining in vitro and in silico methods for feed ingredient evaluation. First steps in the development of such a systems were made by (1) evaluating in vitro the digestion potential of feed ingredients, regarding this as true ingredient properties and (2) predicting in silico the digestive processes like digesta transit, nutrient hydrolysis and absorption using dynamic, mechanistic modeling. This approach allows to evaluate to what extent the digestion potential of each ingredient is exploited in the digestive tract. Future efforts should focus on modeling digesta physicochemical properties and transit, applying in vitro digestion kinetic data of feed ingredients in mechanistic models, and generating reliable in vivo data on nutrient absorption kinetics across feed ingredients. The dynamic modeling approach is illustrated by a description of a modeling exercise that can be used for teaching purposes in digestive physiology or animal nutrition courses. A complete set of equations is provided as an on-line supplement, and can be built in modeling software that is freely available. Alternatively, the model can be constructed using any modeling software that enables the use of numerical integration methods.
Judicial Interactions and Human Rights Contestations in Latin America
Authors: Contesse Jorge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is one of the world's most active human rights tribunals. Through an impressive history of case law, the Court has exerted significant influence upon Latin American states. In recent years, however, states and domestic national courts have challenged the Inter-American Court's authority in more complex and potentially more damaging ways than in the past. By exploring how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has expanded its reach upon states, and how states engage in turn, the Article examines ways of interaction that can enhance or debilitate the Court's authority and influence on states. The Article explores recent dissents as a potential mode of resistance, especially when coupled with states' unease towards international adjudication and suggests ways in which the Court may respond to such challenges in order to protect and enhance its authority.
Guaranteeing Admissibility of Abstract Argumentation Frameworks with Rationality and Feasibility Constraints
Authors: Chen Weiwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the problem of under what circumstances an aggregation rule guarantees admissible sets of arguments that represent a good compromise between several extensions, i.e., sets of arguments of abstract argumentation frameworks each provided by a different individual. We start by showing that the preservation results of Dung’s admissibility, graded admissibility and strong admissibility during the aggregation of extensions are negative. To overcome such negative results, we define a model for extension aggregation that clearly separates the constraint supposed to be satisfied by individuals and the constraint that must be met by the collective decision. Using this model, we show that the majority rule guarantees admissible sets on profiles that satisfy a variant of Dung’s admissibility, as well as profiles of extensions with some specific characteristics.
Simulating the formation of η Carinae’s surrounding nebula through unstable triple evolution and stellar merger-induced eruption
Authors: Hirai Ryosuke , Podsiadlowski Philipp , Owocki Stanley P , Schneider Fabian R N , Smith Nathan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
η Carinae is an extraordinary massive star famous for its 19th century Great Eruption and the surrounding Homunculus nebula ejected in that event. The cause of this eruption has been the centre of a long-standing mystery. Recent observations, including light-echo spectra of the eruption, suggest that it most likely resulted from a stellar merger in an unstable triple system. Here we present a detailed set of theoretical calculations for this scenario; from the dynamics of unstable triple systems and the mass ejection from close binary encounters, to the mass outflow from the eruption caused by the stellar merger and the post-merger wind phase. In our model the bipolar post-merger wind is the primary agent for creating the Homunculus, as it sweeps up external eruption ejecta into a thin shell. Our simulations reproduce many of the key aspects of the shape and kinematics of both the Homunculus nebula and its complex surrounding structure, providing strong support for the merger-in-a-triple scenario.
A SAMI and MaNGA view on the stellar kinematics of galaxies on the star-forming main sequence
Authors: Fraser-McKelvie A , Cortese L , van de Sande J , Bryant J J , Catinella B , Colless M , Croom S M , Groves B , Medling A M , Scott N , Sweet S M , Bland-Hawthorn J , Goodwin M , Lawrence J , Lorente N , Owers M S , Richards S N 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy internal structure growth has long been accused of inhibiting star formation in disc galaxies. We investigate the potential physical connection between the growth of dispersion-supported stellar structures (e.g. classical bulges) and the position of galaxies on the star-forming main sequence at z ∼ 0. Combining the might of the SAMI and MaNGA galaxy surveys, we measure the λRe spin parameter for 3289 galaxies over $9.5 \lt \log M_{\star } [\rm {M}_{\odot }] \lt 12$. At all stellar masses, galaxies at the locus of the main sequence possess λRe values indicative of intrinsically flattened discs. However, above $\log M_{\star }[\rm {M}_{\odot }]\sim 10.5$ where the main sequence starts bending, we find tantalizing evidence for an increase in the number of galaxies with dispersion-supported structures, perhaps suggesting a connection between bulges and the bending of the main sequence. Moving above the main sequence, we see no evidence of any change in the typical spin parameter in galaxies once gravitationally interacting systems are excluded from the sample. Similarly, up to 1 dex below the main sequence, λRe remains roughly constant and only at very high stellar masses ($\log M_{\star }[\rm {M}_{\odot }]\gt 11$), do we see a rapid decrease in λRe once galaxies decline in star formation activity. If this trend is confirmed, it would be indicative of different quenching mechanisms acting on high- and low-mass galaxies. The results suggest that whilst a population of galaxies possessing some dispersion-supported structure is already present on the star-forming main sequence, further growth would be required after the galaxy has quenched to match the kinematic properties observed in passive galaxies at z ∼ 0.