bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Customization of Polymeric Nanocomposites Modified by 2D Titanium Oxide Nanosheet for High‐k and Flexible Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Jang Moonjeong , Park Se Yeon , Kim Seong Ku , Jung Dowon , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lee Sun Sook , Yoon Dae Ho , An Ki‐Seok 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic polymer‐based dielectrics with intrinsic mechanical flexibility and good processability are excellent candidates for the dielectric layer of flexible electronics. These polymer films can become even more rigid and electrically robust when modified through cross‐linking processes. Moreover, the composites formed by dispersing nanoscale inorganic fillers in a polymer matrix can exhibit further improved polarization property. However, these strategies can be challenging as homogeneous dispersion of nanomaterials in the matrix is difficult to achieve; thus, degradation of electrically insulating properties of nanocomposite layers is often observed. Here, a high‐k, pinhole‐free, and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based nanocomposite dielectric is presented, incorporating 2D TiO2 nanosheets (NSs) for the first time. Despite the attractive dielectric constant, exceptional flexibility, and electrically insulating property of PVA‐TiO2 nanocomposites, only few studies on these materials have been reported. The organic/inorganic nanosheet hybrid layer, which reaches an unprecedentedly high dielectric constant of 43.8 (more than four times higher than that of cross‐linked PVA), also exhibits an outstanding leakage current density as low as 10−9 A cm−2. Furthermore, the repeated bending tests for nanocomposite capacitors reveal their capability of operating without any deterioration of their performances even after 1000 iterations of bending cycles at a bending radius of 3 mm.
Nanowire Based Guidance of the Morphology and Cytotoxic Activity of Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Bhingardive Viraj , Le Saux Guillaume , Edri Avishay , Porgador Angel , Schvartzman Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by many chemical and physical cues, whose integration mechanism is still obscure. Here, a multifunctional platform is engineered for NK cell stimulation, to study the effect of the signal integration and spatial heterogeneity on NK cell function. The platform is based on nanowires, whose mechanical compliance and site‐selective tip functionalization with antigens produce the physical and chemical stimuli, respectively. The nanowires are confined to micron‐sized islands, which induce a splitting of the NK cells into two subpopulations with distinct morphologies and immune responses: NK cells atop the nanowire islands display symmetrical spreading and enhanced activation, whereas cells lying in the straits between the islands develop elongated profiles and show lower activation levels. The demonstrated tunability of NK cell cytotoxicity provides an important insight into the mechanism of their immune function and introduces a novel technological route for the ex vivo shaping of cytotoxic lymphocytes in immunotherapy.
Design and Testing of Efficient Mucus‐Penetrating Nanogels—Pitfalls of Preclinical Testing and Lessons Learned
Authors: Charbaji Rawan , Kar Mrityunjoy , Theune Loryn E. , Bergueiro Julián , Eichhorst Anne , Navarro Lucila , Graff Patrick , Stumpff Friederike , Calderón Marcelo , Hedtrich Sarah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMucosal surfaces pose a challenging environment for efficient drug delivery. Various delivery strategies such as nanoparticles have been employed so far; yet, still yielding limited success. To address the need of efficient transmucosal drug delivery, this report presents the synthesis of novel disulfide‐containing dendritic polyglycerol (dPG)‐based nanogels and their preclinical testing. A bifunctional disulfide‐containing linker is coupled to dPG to act as a macromolecular crosslinker for poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and poly‐N‐isopropylmethacrylamide (PNIPMAM) in a precipitation polymerization process. A systematic analysis of the polymerization reveals the importance of a careful polymer choice to yield mucus‐degradable nanogels with diameters between 100 and 200 nm, low polydispersity, and intact disulfide linkers. Absorption studies in porcine intestinal tissue and human bronchial epithelial models demonstrate that disulfide‐containing nanogels are highly efficient in overcoming mucosal barriers. The nanogels efficiently degrade and deliver the anti‐inflammatory biomacromolecule etanercept into epithelial tissues yielding local anti‐inflammatory effects. Over the course of this work, several problems are encountered due to a limited availability of valid test systems for mucosal drug‐delivery systems. Hence, this study also emphasizes how critical a combined and multifaceted approach is for the preclinical testing of mucosal drug‐delivery systems, discusses potential pitfalls, and provides suggestions for solutions.
Maternal exposure to tributyltin during early gestation increases adverse pregnancy outcomes by impairing placental development
Authors: Liu Hui , Jiang Wenyu , Ye Yafen , Yang Bei , Shen Xin , Lu Siying , Zhu Jun , Liu Mengling , Yang Chuanzhen , Kuang Haibin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTributyltin (TBT) is a persistent organotin pollutant widely used as agricultural and wood biocides, exhibiting well‐documented toxicity to reproductive functions in aquatic organisms. However, the effect of TBT on early pregnancy and placental development has been rarely studied in mice. Pregnant mice were fed with 0, 0.2, and 2 mg/kg/day TBT from gravid day 1 to day 8 or 13. TBT exposure led to an increase in the number of resorbed embryo and a reduction in the weight of fetus at gestational days 13. Further study showed that TBT significantly decreased placental weight and area, lowered laminin immunoreactivity and the expressions of placental development‐related molecules including Fra1, Eomes, Hand1, and Ascl2. Moreover, TBT treatment markedly inhibited the placental proliferation and induced up‐regulation of p53 and cleaved caspase‐3 proteins, and down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 protein. In addition, TBT administration increased levels of malondialdehyde and H2O2 and decreased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Collectively, these results suggested TBT‐induced adverse pregnancy outcomes during early pregnancy might be involved in developmental disorders of the placenta via dysregulation of key molecules, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.
Identification and expression analysis of heat‐shock proteins in wheat infected with powdery mildew and stripe rust
Authors: Guo Huan , Zhang Hong , Wang Guanghao , Wang Changyou , Wang Yajuan , Liu Xinlun , Ji Wanquan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeat‐shock proteins (HSPs), which are encoded by conserved gene families in plants, are crucial for development and responses to diverse stresses. However, the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) HSPs have not been systematically classified, especially those involved in protecting plants from disease. Here, we classified 119 DnaJ (Hsp40) proteins (TaDnaJs; encoded by 313 genes) and 41 Hsp70 proteins (TaHsp70s; encoded by 95 genes) into six and four groups, respectively, via a phylogenetic analysis. An examination of protein sequence alignment revealed diversity in the TaDnaJ structural organization, but a highly conserved J‐domain, which was usually characterized by an HPD motif followed by DRD or DED motifs. The expression profiles of HSP‐encoding homologous genes varied in response to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) stress. A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis indicated a lack of similarity in the expression of DnaJ70b, Hsp70‐30b, and Hsp90‐4b in Bgt‐infected resistant and susceptible wheat. Furthermore, a direct interaction between DnaJ70 and TaHsp70‐30 was not detected in a yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) assay, but screening cDNA library and Y2H evidence supported that TaHsp70‐30 not only interacts directly with heat‐shock transcription factor (HSF) A9‐like protein but also interacts with TaHsp90‐4 by HSP organizing protein. This study revealed the structure and expression profiles of the HSP‐encoding genes in wheat, which may be useful for future functional elucidation of wheat HSPs responses to fungal infections.
Wake steering of multirotor wind turbines
Authors: Speakman Gustav A. , Abkar Mahdi , Martínez‐Tossas Luis A. , Bastankhah Majid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, wake steering is applied to multirotor turbines to determine whether it has the potential to reduce wind plant wake losses. Through application of rotor yaw to multirotor turbines, a new degree of freedom is introduced to wind farm control such that wakes can be expanded, channelled or redirected to improve inflow conditions for downstream turbines. Five different yaw configurations are investigated (including a baseline case) by employing large‐eddy simulations (LES) to generate a detailed representation of the velocity field downwind of a multirotor wind turbine. Two lower‐fidelity models from single‐rotor yaw studies (curled‐wake model and analytical Gaussian wake model) are extended to the multirotor case, and their results are compared with the LES data. For each model, the wake is analysed primarily by examining wake cross‐sections at different downwind distances. Further quantitative analysis is carried out through characterisations of wake centroids and widths over a range of streamwise locations and through a brief analysis of power production. Most significantly, it is shown that rotor yaw can have a considerable impact on both the distribution and magnitude of the wake velocity deficit, leading to power gains for downstream turbines. The lower‐fidelity models show small deviation from the LES results for specific configurations; however, both are able to reasonably capture the wake trends over a large streamwise range.
Upgrading sequencing batch reactor using attached biofilm
Authors: Abdelaziz Hossam A. , Fouad Moharram , Mossad Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was upgraded using fixed biofilm carriers with a specific surface area around 18 m2 m−3. The upgraded SBR was investigated to remove phenol from high strength wastewater operated under various operational conditions. The operational conditions used were variable volume exchange ratio (VER) up to 75%, hydraulic retention time (HRT) from (10.7–21.3 hr), aeration time (from 2 to 8 hr), and initial phenol concentration up to 600 mg L−1. It was found that the upgraded SBR increased the removal efficiencies of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) by about 10% using high strength wastewater without phenol compared to SBR. Furthermore, the removal rate of phenol for the upgraded SBR was higher than conventional SBR by about 18% at 600 mg L− of initial phenol concentration under the same operational conditions. Compared to the conventional SBR, the upgraded version reduced the aeration step by 25% and achieved higher removal efficiency of phenol. Moreover, it reduced the excess sludge by about 23% and enhanced its properties by lowering the sludge volume index (SVI) by about 33%.Practitioner points

Upgrading conventional SBR by adding biofilm carriers is necessary for wastewater treatment with high strength wastewater.
The upgraded SBR has a higher resistance toward phenol compound due to the presence of the attached biofilm.
The upgraded SBR enhances sludge settling properties, decreases the amount of excess sludge, and also reduces the start‐up period.
The number of cycles per day by upgraded SBR was more than the conventional SBR by 15%.
The upgraded SBR is an effective system and has good operational stability.
Creative Composition Problem: A Knowledge Graph Logical-Based AI Construction and Optimization Solution
Authors: Galindo Mauricio Javier Osorio , Moreno Luis Angel Montiel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContribution of this work is to Define the Creative Composition Problem (CCP) for Human Well-being Optimization by Construction of Knowledge Graph using Knowledge Representation and logic-based Artificial Intelligence reasoning-planning where the computation of the Optimal Solution is achieved by Dynamic Programming or Logic Programming. The Creative Composition Problem is embedded within Cecilia: an architecture of a digital companion artificial intelligence agent system composer of dialogue scripts for Well-being and Mental Health. Where Cecilia Framework is instantiated in Well-being and Mental Health domain for optimal well-being development of first year university students. We define the ‘The Problem of Creating a Dialogue Composition (PCDC)’ and we propose a feasible and optimal solution of it. CCP is instantiated in this applied domain to solve PCDC optimizing the Mental Health and Well-being of the student. CCP as PCDC is applied to optimize maximizing the mental health of the student but also maximizing the smoothness, coherence, enjoyment and engagement each time the dialogue session is composed. Cecilia helps students to manage stress/anxiety to attempt the prevention of depression. Students can interact through the digital companion making questions and answers. While the system “learns” from the user it allows the user to learn from herself. Once the student discovers elements that were unnoticed by her, she will find a better way to improve when discovering her points of improvement.
Set Visualisations with Euler and Hasse Diagrams
Authors: Priss Uta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses set visualisations with concept lattices in the sense of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in contrast to visualisations with Euler diagrams. Both types of visualisations have advantages and disadvantages. Because of the connection between both fields and the body of knowledge that exists in both fields it is of interest to investigate whether results from either field can contribute to the other.
Collaborative Design and Manufacture: Information Structures for Team Formation and Coordination
Authors: Stalker Iain Duncan , Kazantsev Nikolai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur interest here lies in supporting important, but routine and time-consuming activities that underpin success in highly distributed, collaborative design and manufacturing environments; and how information structuring can facilitate this. To that end, we present a simple, yet powerful approach to team formation, partner selection, scheduling and communication that employs a different approach to the task of matching candidates to opportunities or partners to requirements (matchmaking): traditionally, this is approached using either an idea of ‘nearness’ or ‘best fit’ (metric-based paradigms); or by finding a subtree within a tree (data structure) (tree traversal). Instead, we prefer concept lattices to establish notions of ‘inclusion’ or ‘membership’: essentially, a topological paradigm. While our approach is substantive, it can be used alongside traditional approaches and in this way one could harness the strengths of multiple paradigms.
Approximate Knowledge Graph Query Answering: From Ranking to Binary Classification
Authors: van Bakel Ruud , Aleksiev Teodor , Daza Daniel , Alivanistos Dimitrios , Cochez Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarge, heterogeneous datasets are characterized by missing or even erroneous information. This is more evident when they are the product of community effort or automatic fact extraction methods from external sources, such as text. A special case of the aforementioned phenomenon can be seen in knowledge graphs, where this mostly appears in the form of missing or incorrect edges and nodes.Structured querying on such incomplete graphs will result in incomplete sets of answers, even if the correct entities exist in the graph, since one or more edges needed to match the pattern are missing. To overcome this problem, several algorithms for approximate structured query answering have been proposed. Inspired by modern Information Retrieval metrics, these algorithms produce a ranking of all entities in the graph, and their performance is further evaluated based on how high in this ranking the correct answers appear.In this work we take a critical look at this way of evaluation. We argue that performing a ranking-based evaluation is not sufficient to assess methods for complex query answering. To solve this, we introduce Message Passing Query Boxes (MPQB), which takes binary classification metrics back into use and shows the effect this has on the recently proposed query embedding method MPQE.
Galois Connections for Patterns: An Algebra of Labelled Graphs
Authors: Cohen David A. , Cooper Martin C. , Jeavons Peter G. , Živný Stanislav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA pattern is a generic instance of a binary constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) in which the compatibility of certain pairs of variable-value assignments may be unspecified. The notion of forbidden pattern has led to the discovery of several novel tractable classes for the CSP. However, for this field to come of age it is time for a theoretical study of the algebra of patterns. We present a Galois connection between lattices composed of sets of forbidden patterns and sets of generic instances, and investigate its consequences. We then extend patterns to augmented patterns and exhibit a similar Galois connection. Augmented patterns are a more powerful language than flat (i.e. non-augmented) patterns, as we demonstrate by showing that, for any $$k \ge 1$$

k
≥
1

, instances with tree-width bounded by k cannot be specified by forbidding a finite set of flat patterns but can be specified by a finite set of augmented patterns. A single finite set of augmented patterns can also describe the class of instances such that each instance has a weak near-unanimity polymorphism of arity k (thus covering all tractable language classes).We investigate the power of forbidding augmented patterns and discuss their potential for describing new tractable classes.
Geometrizing $$ T\overline{T} $$
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Datta Shouvik , Jiang Yunfeng , Kraus Per 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation can be formulated as a dynamical change of coordinates. We establish and generalize this relation to curved spaces by coupling the undeformed theory to 2d gravity. For curved space the dynamical change of coordinates is supplemented by a dynamical Weyl transformation. We also sharpen the holographic correspondence to cutoff AdS3 in multiple ways. First, we show that the action of the annular region between the cutoff surface and the boundary of AdS3 is given precisely by the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

operator integrated over either the cutoff surface or the asymptotic boundary. Then we derive dynamical coordinate and Weyl transformations directly from the bulk. Finally, we reproduce the flow equation for the deformed stress tensor from the cutoff geometry.
Collision in the interior of wormhole
Authors: Zhao Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Schwarzschild wormhole has been interpreted as an entangled state. If Alice and Bob fall into each of the black hole, they can meet in the interior. We interpret this meeting in terms of the quantum circuit that prepares the entangled state. Alice and Bob create growing perturbations in the circuit, and we argue that the overlap of these perturbations represents their meeting. We compare the gravity picture with circuit analysis, and identify the post-collision region as the region storing the gates that are not affected by any of the perturbations.
The quasi-particle picture and its breakdown after local quenches: mutual information, negativity, and reflected entropy
Authors: Kudler-Flam Jonah , Kusuki Yuya , Ryu Shinsei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the dynamics of (Rényi) mutual information, logarithmic negativity, and (Rényi) reflected entropy after exciting the ground state by a local operator. Together with recent results from ref. [1], we are able to conjecture a close-knit structure between the three quantities that emerges in states excited above the vacuum, including both local and global quantum quenches. This structure intimately depends on the chaoticity of the theory i.e. there exist distinct sets of equivalences for integrable and chaotic theories. For rational conformal field theories (RCFT), we find all quantities to compute the quantum dimension of the primary operator inserted. In contrast, we find the correlation measures to grow (logarithmically) without bound in all c > 1 conformal field theories with a finite twist gap. In comparing the calculations in the two classes of theories, we are able to identify the dynamical mechanism for the breakdown of the quasi-particle picture in 2D conformal field theories. Intriguingly, we also find preliminary evidence that our general lessons apply to quantum systems considerably distinct from conformal field theories, such as integrable and chaotic spin chains, suggesting a universality of entanglement dynamics in non-equilibrium systems.
Multi-fixed point numerical conformal bootstrap: a case study with structured global symmetry
Authors: Dowens Matthew T. , Hooley Chris A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In large part, the future utility of modern numerical conformal bootstrap depends on its ability to accurately predict the existence of hitherto unknown non-trivial conformal field theories (CFTs). Here we investigate the extent to which this is possible in the case where the global symmetry group has a product structure. We do this by testing for signatures of fixed points using a mixed-correlator bootstrap calculation with a minimal set of input assumptions. This ‘semi-blind’ approach contrasts with other approaches for probing more complicated groups, which ‘target’ known theories with additional spectral assumptions or use the saturation of the single-correlator bootstrap bound as a starting point. As a case study, we select the space of CFTs with product-group symmetry O(15) ⊗ O(3) in d = 3 dimensions. On the assumption that there is only one relevant scalar (ℓ = 0) singlet operator in the theory, we find a single ‘allowed’ region in our chosen space of scaling dimensions. The scaling dimensions corresponding to two known large-N critical theories, the Heisenberg and the chiral ones, lie on or very near the boundary of this region. The large-N antichiral point lies well outside the ‘allowed’ region, which is consistent with the expectation that the antichiral theory is unstable, and thus has an additional relevant scalar singlet operator. We also find a sharp kink in the boundary of the ‘allowed’ region at values of the scaling dimensions that do not correspond to the (N, M ) = (3, 15) instance of any large-N -predicted O(N ) ⊗ O(M ) critical theory.
Lorentz spaces in action on pressureless systems arising from models of collective behavior
Authors: Danchin Raphaël , Bogusław Mucha Piotr , Tolksdorf Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe are concerned with global-in-time existence and uniqueness results for models of pressureless gases that come up in the description of phenomena in astrophysics or collective behavior. The initial data are rough: in particular, the density is only bounded. Our results are based on interpolation and parabolic maximal regularity, where Lorentz spaces play a key role. We establish a novel maximal regularity estimate for parabolic systems in $$L_{q,r}(0,T;L_p(\Omega ))$$

L

q
,
r

(
0
,
T
;

L
p

(
Ω
)

)

spaces.