bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing multidimensional poverty in Migori County, Kenya and its association with depression
Authors: Starnes Joseph R. , Di Gravio Chiara , Irlmeier Rebecca , Moore Ryan , Okoth Vincent , Rogers Ash , Ressler Daniele J. , Moon Troy D. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Narrow, unidimensional measures of poverty often fail to measure true poverty and inadequately capture its drivers. Multidimensional indices of poverty more accurately capture the diversity of poverty. There is little research regarding the association between multidimensional poverty and depression.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered in five sub-locations in Migori County, Kenya. A total of 4,765 heads of household were surveyed. Multidimensional poverty indices were used to determine the association of poverty with depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression screening tool.

Results
Across the geographic areas surveyed, the overall prevalence of household poverty (deprivation headcount) was 19.4%, ranging from a low of 13.6% in Central Kamagambo to a high of 24.6% in North Kamagambo. Overall multidimensional poverty index varied from 0.053 in Central Kamagambo to 0.098 in North Kamagambo. Of the 3,939 participants with depression data available, 481 (12.2%) met the criteria for depression based on a PHQ-8 depression score ≥10. Poverty showed a dose-response association with depression.

Conclusions
Multidimensional poverty indices can be used to accurately capture poverty in rural Kenya and to characterize differences in poverty across areas. There is a clear association between multidimensional poverty and depressive symptoms, including a dose effect with increasing poverty intensity. This supports the importance of multifaceted poverty policies and interventions to improve wellbeing and reduce depression.
Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and its association with health conditions and risk factors among hospitalized multimorbid older patients
Authors: Papazoglou Dimitrios David , Baretella Oliver , Feller Martin , Del Giovane Cinzia , Moutzouri Elisavet , Aujesky Drahomir , Schwenkglenks Matthias , O’Mahony Denis , Knol Wilma , Dalleur Olivia , Rodondi Nicolas , Baumgartner Christine 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundOlder adults with chronic conditions are at high risk of complications from influenza and pneumococcal infections. Evidence about factors associated with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among older multimorbid persons in Europe is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of these vaccinations in this population.MethodsMultimorbid patients aged ≥70 years with polypharmacy were enrolled in 4 European centers in Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Ireland. Data on vaccinations, demographics, health care contacts, and comorbidities were obtained from self-report, general practitioners and medical records. The association of comorbidities or medical contacts with vaccination status was assessed using multivariable adjusted log-binomial regression models.ResultsAmong 1956 participants with available influenza vaccination data (median age 79 years, 45% women), 1314 (67%) received an influenza vaccination within the last year. Of 1400 patients with available pneumococcal vaccination data (median age 79 years, 46% women), prevalence of pneumococcal vaccination was 21% (n = 291). The prevalence of vaccination remained low in high-risk populations with chronic respiratory disease (34%) or diabetes (24%), but increased with an increasing number of outpatient medical contacts. Chronic respiratory disease was independently associated with the receipt of both influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.16; and PR 2.03, 95%CI 1.22–3.40, respectively), as was diabetes (PR 1.06, 95%CI 1.03–1.08; PR 1.24, 95%CI 1.16–1.34, respectively). An independent association was found between number of general practitioner visits and higher prevalence of pneumococcal vaccination (p for linear trend <0.001).ConclusionUptake of influenza and particularly of pneumococcal vaccination in this population of European multimorbid older inpatients remains insufficient and is determined by comorbidities and number and type of health care contacts, especially outpatient medical visits. Hospitalization may be an opportunity to promote vaccination, particularly targeting patients with few outpatient physician contacts.
A 3D RANGE MODULATOR FOR ULTRA-SHORT PROTON FLASH IRRADIATION
Authors: Kourkafas Georgios , Bundesmann Juergen , Denker Andrea , Fanselow Timo , Röhrich Jörg , Heufelder Jens , Weber Andreas 
Published: November 2021

Background and aims
In the pursuit of optimal parameters for FLASH irradiation, all components involved in the beam delivery should be compatible with requirements spread in an extreme and wide unexplored regime. Aiming for minimal total irradiation times with modulated proton beams, which deliver a flat depth-dose distribution along tumors, a static range modulator has been developed to accommodate ultra-short beam durations regardless of their time structure. The design goals were set to match the functionality of the rotating wheel used for in-vivo and in-vitro FLASH investigations at HZB.
Methods
Having the form of a ridge filter extended to an additional dimension, a hexagonal-pyramid pattern was configured to an incoming beam of 23 MeV energy with > 1 mm radius, in order to create a 6 mm uniform field with a flat dose range of 5 mm at the target. The manufacturing was done with a 3D printer using VeroWhite, a material similar to PMMA. The lateral and distal dose distribution of both modulators were measured using a Markus Chamber (PTW-Freiburg, Germany) in a water phantom and a radioluminescent screen mounted in front of CCD camera, respectively.
Results
The developed modulator created very flat dose distributions as designed, with negligible differences to the reference rotating wheel. The positioning tolerances were evaluated as relatively relaxed, with offsets of 2 cm and an angle of 5 degrees not compromising the desired performance.
Conclusions
The developed static modulator allows systematic proton FLASH studies on small organs using a broad range of timing schemes, disentangled from temporal and spatial incoherencies.
'Naming the Baby':
Authors: Kyratsou Chrysi , Sotiraki Katerina , Prezotto Joseane , Brkljačic Marko 
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on the local music and dance of Zoupanochoria, a cluster of villages lying on the boundaries of the different geographic areas of the Greek parts of Epirus and Macedonia. Identifying music with either side of the boundary results in contestations over locals’ identity and sparks dispute over symbolic belonging to distinct musical traditions and their geographic origin. The research shows that musicians blend elements (tunes, rhythms, instrumentation) of both music traditions. Based on the repertories performed in two community festivities, the article relates their different structure and organization with alternative expressions of belonging and shows the resolution of dispute and discontent that the local dance Lotzia provides. This border situation resonates metaphorically with the Greek tradition to name the newborn baby after one of the grandparents, thus signifying bonds with the family. However, highlighting bonds with a specific part of the family can engender disputes. This metaphor can be applied to many forms of community solidarity-building in Greece and the wider Balkans, as the one examined here.
Borders and the Limits of Authority
Authors: Hayden Robert M. 
Published: November 2021

In this article I introduce a variety of social, political and economic collectivities to analyze ways in which their interactions are influenced by borders as the territorial delimitations of legal authority, or jurisdictions. The limits of authority within such collectivities are seen in the overlapping grants of authority that impact them. To the extent that borders delineate spheres of legitimate action by governments, they can be defensive of the rights of people within them as well as protective of the rights of governments to impinge on those same rights, or both simultaneously. Borders can thus be constraining of those who cannot easily pass across them, yet simultaneously unconstraining of international actors who may be predatory on those who expect their state to protect them. If we are to understand borders, boundaries and cognate phenomena, we need always to take both sets of relations into account.
TEACHING MATERIALS OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE BASED ON COMPETENCE
Authors: Hasibuan Ahmad Laut , Harahap Rosmawati , Harahap Nurhayati 
Published: November 2021

Many experiences show that the students’ achievement in Indonesian language is far from being satisfactory. The results of the 2018 national examination showed decrease. Decreasing the results of national examination of Indonesian subjects requires a systematic effort to improve the students competence of the national examination on the future. The research aims at developing materials teaching of Indonesian language based on competence for high school students. This study uses a research & development design conducted in three cycles, namely (1) a preliminary study to observe the ability of high school students, 2) planning includes the activities of deciding objectives, competency formulation, both core and basic competencies, material for each competency, and learning and evaluation steps. (3) the development of teaching materials and validated by experts. The validation result of competency-based Indonesian teaching material is good. This shows that the appropriateness of its content is in accordance with the module and students' needs, the element of language has fulfilled the element of readability and has clarity of information, the presentation has fulfilled the elements of clarity of purpose and systematicism, and the graphic uses the specified fone.
A Peep into the History and Experiences of the Cooperative Movement in Zambia
Authors: Mundia Mukwalikuli , Wamundila Sitali , Siakalima Daniel , Nkonde Chewe , Simui Francis 
Published: November 2021

This study is a reflection on the history and experiences of cooperative movement in Zambia in three stages (the colonial era, from 1914 to 1963, the post-colonial era from 1964 to 1990 and the cooperative movement in the liberalized economy in Zambia, from 1991 to present). The study used secondary data from various studies. The thrust of this study explored the history and experiences of cooperative movement in Zambia and how the economic and political changes affected the cooperative movement in Zambia. This information is very critical, especially to those who would want to enhance and harness the cooperative movement in Zambia. Emergent from this study is the continued political and econmic influence on cooperatives. Cooperatives were noted to be struggling to cope with the stiff competition, which was due to the liberalization of the economy in the country. The current poor performance by cooperatives was attributed to the failure to swiftly change from the 1964 to 1991 era, where cooperatives were operating as channels for distrusting government resources in a closed economy. Thus, it is recommended among others that, Government should stop the issue of imposing projects on the cooperative communities, business ideas should come from the cooperatives members themselves as a way of entrenching business ownership. In addition, cooperatives societies should start being innovative in order for them to be able stand the stiff competition which is due to the liberalization of the economy.
An Assessment of the Staff Strength of the University for Development Studies in the Light of the Standards Recommended by the National Council of Tertiary Education for Teaching Staff in Ghana's Public Universities
Authors: Kassima Bawah A. , Abdallah Yussif 
Published: November 2021

The paper examines the staff strength of the University for Development Studies (UDS) in the light of the standard recommended by the National Council of Tertiary Education (NCTE) for staffing in Ghana's public universities, with an emphasis on Teaching Staff (TS). The study uses the University's 2020/2021 Academic Year payroll data, which was analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2016 for Windows. The study found that, apart from the Lecturer rank that had a staff surplus of 65, the rest of the ranks consisting of Professor, Associate Professor and Senior Lecturer ranks did not meet the recommended standard by NCTE. The study also revealed that the number of female TS was much lower than that of their male counterparts for all ranks. The paper recommends that University Management should encourage all TS to publish more articles in reputable journals along with community service and teaching; in order to facilitate their promotion to higher ranks. The University should target candidates with final degrees for further recruitment in order to reduce the long waiting period required for staff with a master's degree to rise to higher ranks.
Optimal Control of a Dengue-Dengvaxia Model: Comparison Between Vaccination and Vector Control
Authors: Mentuda Cheryl Q. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral infection transmitted disease. It is due to the four types of viruses (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4), which transmit through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus female mosquitoes during the daytime. The first globally commercialized vaccine is Dengvaxia, also known as the CYD-TDV vaccine, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur. This paper presents a Ross-type epidemic model to describe the vaccine interaction between humans and mosquitoes using an entomological mosquito growth population and constant human population. After establishing the basic reproduction number ℛ0, we present three control strategies: vaccination, vector control, and the combination of vaccination and vector control. We use Pontryagin’s minimum principle to characterize optimal control and apply numerical simulations to determine which strategies best suit each compartment. Results show that vector control requires shorter time applications in minimizing mosquito populations. Whereas vaccinating the primary susceptible human population requires a shorter time compared to the secondary susceptible human.
Exerting control: the grammatical meaning of facial displays in signed languages
Authors: Siyavoshi Sara , Wilcox Sherman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Signed languages employ finely articulated facial and head displays to express grammatical meanings such as mood and modality, complex propositions (conditionals, causal relations, complementation), information structure (topic, focus), assertions, content and yes/no questions, imperatives, and miratives. In this paper we examine two facial displays: an upper face display in which the eyebrows are pulled together called brow furrow, and a lower face display in which the corners of the mouth are turned down into a distinctive configuration that resembles a frown or upside-down U-shape. Our analysis employs Cognitive Grammar, specifically the control cycle and its manifestation in effective control and epistemic control. Our claim is that effective and epistemic control are associated with embodied actions. Prototypical physical effective control requires effortful activity and the forceful exertion of energy and is commonly correlated with upper face activity, often called the “face of effort.” The lower face display has been shown to be associated with epistemic indetermination, uncertainty, doubt, obviousness, and skepticism. We demonstrate that the control cycle unifies the diverse grammatical functions expressed by each facial display within a language, and that they express similar functions across a wide range of signed languages.
Usage of intermingled skin allografts and autografts in a senior patient with major burn injury
Authors: Luo Hongmin , Bian Huining , Sun Chuanwei , Zheng Shaoyi , Xiong Bing , Huang Zhifeng , Liu Zuan , Ma Lianghua , Li Hanhua , Chen Huade , Lai Wen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mortality rate in older adults following extensive burn injury is extremely high, and management of these patients is challenging. One of the main problems is that autologous split-thickness skin grafts are scarce and the wounds cannot be covered quickly and effectively. Intermingled skin grafting is a low-tech and economic method, which not only maximizes the use of precious autologous skin but also prevents the wounds from infection and consumption. Herein we present a case of extensive burn injury in a 68-year-old female successfully treated with intermingled skin grafting. The patient was accidentally burned by gas flame, resulting in a major burn injury covering 80% of her total body surface area. Early burn wound excision was performed and the wound was temporarily covered with irradiated porcine skin in the first week after injury. Autologous stamp-like skin grafts were applied to the wound bed 4 weeks after injury. In this operation, the results were not satisfactory. The take rate of the skin grafts is only about 50%. We covered the wounds with intermingled skin allografts and autografts 8 weeks after injury: autografts (0.5 cm × 0.5 cm) + fresh close relative’s allografts (1 cm × 1 cm) + cryopreserved allografts (2 cm × 2 cm).
Increasing the Image Sharpness of Light Microscope Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Krawczyk P. , Jansche A. , Bernthaler T. , Schneider G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Image-based qualitative and quantitative structural analyses using high-resolution light microscopy are integral parts of the materialographic work on materials and components. Vibrations or defocusing often result in blurred image areas, especially in large-scale micrographs and at high magnifications. As the robustness of the image-processing analysis methods is highly dependent on the image grade, the image quality directly affects the quantitative structural analysis. We present a deep learning model which, when using appropriate training data, is capable of increasing the image sharpness of light microscope images. We show that a sharpness correction for blurred images can successfully be performed using deep learning, taking the examples of steels with a bainitic microstructure, non-metallic inclusions in the context of steel purity degree analyses, aluminumsilicon cast alloys, sintered magnets, and lithium-ion batteries. We furthermore examine whether geometric accuracy is ensured in the artificially resharpened images.
A new luminescent metal-organic framework with 2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene and biphenyl-3,4′,5-tricarboxylic acid
Authors: Liu Zhi-Qiang , Liu Ran-Ran , Jin Heng-Hui , Lei Long-Wen , Wang Zhi-Ping , Shi Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, a novel metal-organic framework (MOF) based on 2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene (L) and biphenyl-3,4′,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3bptc), namely [Co(L)(Hbptc)(H2O)] (1), has been prepared. 1 has a distinct infinite chain structure, further linked together by winding interactions to give the three-dimensional (3D) network structure. 1 was characterized by X-ray crystallography, infrared spectra (IR) spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis. Photoluminescence studies revealed that 1 shows a strong emission at 361 nm upon excitation at 290 nm at room temperature. Moreover, 1 can efficiently detect Fe3+ ions by luminescence quenching.
X-ray photoemission studies of the interaction of metals and metal ions with DNA
Authors: Mishra Esha , Majumder Subrata , Varma Shikha , Dowben Peter A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the interactions of heavy metal ions with DNA with some success. Surface sensitivity and selectivity of XPS are advantageous for identifying and characterizing the chemical and elemental structure of the DNA to metal interaction. This review summarizes the status of what amounts to a large part of the photoemission investigations of biomolecule interactions with metals and offers insight into the mechanism for heavy metal-bio interface interactions. Specifically, it is seen that metal interaction with DNA results in conformational changes in the DNA structure.
TMS Reveals Dynamic Interaction between Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Posterior Middle Temporal Gyrus in Gesture-Speech Semantic Integration
Authors: Zhao Wanying , Li Yanchang , Du Yi 
Published: November 2021

Semantic processing is an amodal process with modality-specific information integrated in supramodal “convergence zones” or “semantic hub” with executive mechanisms that tailor semantic representation in a task-appropriate way. One unsolved question is how frontal control region dynamically interacts with temporal representation region in semantic integration. The present study addressed this issue by using inhibitory double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) or left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) in one of eight 40 ms time windows (TWs) (3 TWs before and 5 TWs after the identification point of speech), when human participants (12 females, 14 males) were presented with semantically congruent or incongruent gesture-speech pairs but merely identified the gender of speech. We found a TW-selective disruption of gesture-speech integration, indexed by the semantic congruency effect (i.e., a cost of reaction time because of semantic conflict), when stimulating the left pMTG in TW1, TW2, and TW7 but when stimulating the left IFG in TW3 and TW6. Based on the timing relationship, we hypothesize a two-stage gesture-speech integration circuit with a pMTG-to-IFG sequential involvement in the prelexical stage for activating gesture semantics and top-down constraining the phonological processing of speech. In the postlexical stage, an IFG-to-pMTG feedback signal might be implicated for the control of goal-directed representations and multimodal semantic unification. Our findings provide new insights into the dynamic brain network of multimodal semantic processing by causally revealing the temporal dynamics of frontal control and temporal representation regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious research has identified differential functions of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) in semantic control and semantic representation, respectively, and a causal contribution of both regions in gesture-speech integration. However, it remains largely unclear how the two regions dynamically interact in semantic processing. By using double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to disrupt regional activity at specific time, this study for the first time revealed critical time windows when the two areas were causally involved in integrating gesture and speech semantics. Findings suggest a pMTG-IFG-pMTG neurocircuit loop in gesture-speech integration, which deepens current knowledge and inspires future investigation of the temporal dynamics and cognitive processes of the amodal semantic network.