bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New approach for localization and smart data transmission inside underground mine environment
Authors: RayChowdhury Ankita , Pramanik Ankita , Roy Gopal Chandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to access real time data from underground mine. Two advance technologies are presented that can improve the adverse environmental effect of underground mine. Visible light communication (VLC) technology is incorporated to estimate the location of miners inside the mine. The distribution of signal to noise ratio (SNR) for VLC system is also studied. In the second part of the paper, long range (LoRa) technology is introduced for transmitting underground information to above the surface control room. This paper also includes details of the LoRa technology, and presents comparison of ranges with existing above the surface technologies.
Conjugate heat transfer performance of stepped lid-driven cavity with Al2O3/water nanofluid under forced and mixed convection
Authors: Janjanam Naveen , Nimmagadda Rajesh , Asirvatham Lazarus Godson , Harish R. , Wongwises Somchai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional conjugate heat transfer performance of stepped lid-driven cavity was numerically investigated in the present study under forced and mixed convection in laminar regime. Pure water and Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)/water nanofluid with three different nanoparticle volume concentrations were considered. All the numerical simulations were performed in ANSYS FLUENT using homogeneous heat transfer model for Reynolds number, Re = 100 to 500 and Grashof number, Gr = 5000, 13,000 and 20,000. Effective thermal conductivity of the Al2O3/water nanofluid was evaluated by considering the Brownian motion of nanoparticles which results in 20.56% higher value for 3 vol.% Al2O3/water nanofluid in comparison with the lowest thermal conductivity value obtained in the present study. A solid region made up of silicon is present underneath the fluid region of the cavity in three geometrical configurations (forward step, backward step and no step) which results in conjugate heat transfer. For higher Re values (Re = 500), no much difference in the average Nusselt number (Nuavg) is observed between forced and mixed convection. Whereas, for Re = 100 and Gr = 20,000, Nuavg value of mixed convection is 24% higher than that of forced convection. Out of all the three configurations, at Re = 100, forward step with mixed convection results in higher heat transfer performance as the obtained interface temperature is lower than all other cases. Moreover, at Re = 500, 3 vol.% Al2O3/water nanofluid enhances the heat transfer performance by 23.63% in comparison with pure water for mixed convection with Gr = 20,000 in forward step.
The value of facilitation in interdisciplinary socio-environmental team research
Authors: Graef Dana J. , Motzer Nicole , Kramer Jonathan G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose that facilitation can be used as a research method to improve the collaborative synthesis of interdisciplinary teams’ socio-environmental work. As described in this communication, our approach to facilitation adapts to teams’ practical and conceptual needs as their research develops. Our synthetic practice of facilitating interdisciplinary meetings at the US National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) further emphasizes the importance of process, intentionality, and advance preparation. By combining facilitation fundamentals with research skills, it is possible to create the conditions for effective interdisciplinary integration.
Incidence and associated factors of post dural puncture headache after cesarean section delivery under spinal anesthesia in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2019, cross sectional study
Authors: Ferede Yonas Admasu , Nigatu Yonas Addisu , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke , Mustofa Salh Yalew 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackground:Post-Dural puncture headache is a major complication of neuraxial anesthesia that can occur following spinal and epidural anesthesia. It is, postural, and frontal and relieved when the patient is supine position and aggravated during standing, sitting, coughing. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence and factors associated with post dural puncture headache following cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.Methods:An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March 01 to May 29, 2019. A total of 384 willing patients were included in the study after obtaining ethical consent. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) window version 20. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabs and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the association between post dural puncture headache and independent variables. The strength of the association was presented using adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:The incidence of post dural puncture headache was 31.3% (95% CI: 26.8, 35.9) with response rate of 92.5%. Majority of the patients who developed it were on the 2nd day with majority of the pain being moderate. In this study body mass index, Size of spinal needle, number of attempt and educational status of anesthetists were significantly associated with it.Conclusion:In this study non-obese patients, big spinal needles, repeated number of attempts and educational status of anesthetists were the independent associated risk factors for post dural puncture headache.Highlights
Association Between Trimester and Outcomes after Cholecystectomy During Pregnancy
Authors: Cheng Vincent , Matsushima Kazuhide , Ashbrook Matthew , Matsuo Koji , Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Sandhu Kulmeet 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Conventional philosophy promotes the second trimester as the ideal time during pregnancy for cholecystectomy. However, literature supporting this belief is sparse. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of trimester and clinical outcomes after cholecystectomy during pregnancy.

STUDY DESIGN:
The National Inpatient Sample was queried for pregnant women who underwent cholecystectomy between October 2015 and December 2017. Patients were categorized by trimester. Multivariable logistic and continuous outcome regression models were used to evaluate the association of trimester and outcomes, including maternal and fetal complications, length of stay, and hospital charges. The primary outcome was any complication—a composite of specific clinical complications, each of which were designated as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 819 pregnant women satisfied our inclusion criteria. Of these, 217 (26.5%) were in the first trimester, 381 (47.5%) were in the second trimester, and 221 (27.0%) were in the third trimester. Median age was 27 years (interquartile range: 23–31 years). Compared with the second trimester, cholecystectomy during the first trimester was not associated with higher rates of complications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–1.63, p = 0.68). However, cholecystectomy during the third trimester was associated with a higher rate of preterm delivery (AOR 7.20, 95% CI 3.09–16.77, p < 0.001) and overall maternal and fetal complications (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.71–4.53, p < 0.001). Compared with the second trimester, the third trimester was associated with 21.3% higher total hospital charges (p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that cholecystectomy can be performed in the first trimester without significantly increased risk of maternal and fetal complications, compared to the second trimester. In contrast, cholecystectomy during pregnancy should not be delayed until the third trimester.
Improving hand hygiene in hospitals: comparing the effect of a nudge and a boost on protocol compliance
Authors: van Roekel Henrico , Reinhard Joanne , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNudging has become a well-known policy practice. Recently, ‘boosting’ has been suggested as an alternative to nudging. In contrast to nudges, boosts aim to empower individuals to exert their own agency to make decisions. This article is one of the first to compare a nudging and a boosting intervention, and it does so in a critical field setting: hand hygiene compliance of hospital nurses. During a 4-week quasi-experiment, we tested the effect of a reframing nudge and a risk literacy boost on hand hygiene compliance in three hospital wards. The results show that nudging and boosting were both effective interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance. A tentative finding is that, while the nudge had a stronger immediate effect, the boost effect remained stable for a week, even after the removal of the intervention. We conclude that, besides nudging, researchers and policymakers may consider boosting when they seek to implement or test behavioral interventions in domains such as healthcare.
Does False Consciousness Necessarily Preclude Moral Blameworthiness?: The Refusal of the Women Antisuffragists
Authors: Wilson Lee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial philosophers often invoke the concept of false consciousness in their analyses, referring to a set of evidence-resistant, ignorant attitudes held by otherwise sound epistemic agents, systematically occurring in virtue of, and motivating them to perpetuate, structural oppression. But there is a worry that appealing to the notion in questions of responsibility for the harm suffered by members of oppressed groups is victim-blaming. Individuals under false consciousness allegedly systematically fail the relevant rationality and epistemic conditions due to structural distortions of reasoning or knowledge practices, undermining their status as responsible moral agents.But attending to the constitutive mechanisms and heterogeneity of false consciousness enables us to see how having it does not in itself render someone an inappropriate target of blame. I focus here on the 1889 antisuffragist manifesto “An Appeal against Female Suffrage,” arguing that its signatories, despite false consciousness, satisfy both conditions for ordinary blameworthiness. I consider three prominent signatories, observing that the irrationality characterization is unsustainable beyond group-level diagnoses, and that their capacity to respond appropriately to reasons was not compromised. Following recent work on epistemic injustice, I also argue that culpable mechanisms constituted their false consciousness, rendering them blameworthy for the Appeal.
Vague eggs and tags: Prevelar merger in Seattle
Authors: Freeman Valerie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study describes prevelar merger, the raising of low-front /æ, ɛ/ and lowering of mid-front /e/ before the voiced velar /ɡ/, in Seattle, Washington. In the most advanced part of this change in progress, all twenty speakers (age 18–62, half men, half women, all white) produced /ɛɡ/ and /eɡ/ (beg, vague) as upgliding diphthongs merged in F1 and F2 directly between their nonprevelar counterparts (dress, face). /æɡ/ (bag) was also diphthongal, but its height varied between speakers, with middle-aged men showing near-complete three-way merger with beg-vague and younger speakers raising less, suggesting reversal or avoidance of this component. Previous work lacked information about vague and thus described bag- and beg-raising as failing to reach the height of nonprevelar face. This study revealed that vague is lowered, creating a merger target for both raised beg and bag within a separate diphthongal prevelar subsystem.
Observation of an Intriguing Equatorial Plasma Bubble Event Over Indian Sector
Authors: Ghodpage R. N. , Gurav O. B. , Taori A. , Sau S. , Patil P. T. , Erram V. C. , Sripathi S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report an interesting Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) event during the night of March 22–23, 2017. To investigate the dynamics of observed EPBs, we utilize multi‐instrument data obtained with all‐sky imager (ASI) from Panhala (16.48°N, 74.6°E, 11.1°N Dip. Lat.), Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) from Tirunelveli (8.73°N, 77.7°E, 1.6°N Dip. Lat.) and ionospheric backscatter echoes data of Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer (GIRI) radar from Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E, 6.5°N Dip. Lat.) over Indian regions. The optical observations from Panhala reveal clear signatures of EPBs from ∼1600 UT onwards and corresponding ESF occurrence is noted in CADI at Tirunelveli as well. Backscatter echoes are also recorded in Range time intensity map obtained by GIRI after ∼17:45 UT. On this night, two EPBs (EPB1 and EPB2) are observed with inter‐depletion distance of ∼600 km. The EPB1 drifts eastward throughout the night and evolves with time as bifurcated structures while the trailing EPB2 drifts eastward initially and eventually drifts westward. We believe that this is the first evidence of differential drifts of EPBs imaged through ASI over a narrow longitudinal zone over the Indian region.
Vertical Structure of the Arctic Spring Transition in the Middle Atmosphere
Authors: Matthias Vivien , Stober Gunter , Kozlovsky Alexander , Lester Mark , Belova Evgenia , Kero Johan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the middle atmosphere, spring transition is the time period where the zonal circulation reverses from winter westerly to summer easterly which has a strong impact on the vertical wave propagation influencing the ionospheric variability. The spring transition can be rapid in form of a final sudden stratospheric warming (SSW, mainly dynamically driven) or slow (mainly radiatively driven) but also intermediate stages can occur. In most studies spring transitions are classified either by their timing of occurrence or by their vertical structure. However, all these studies focus exclusively on the stratosphere and it is not clear if and how pre‐winter conditions have an impact on when and how spring transitions take place. Here we classify the spring transitions regarding their vertical‐temporal development beginning in January and spanning the whole middle atmosphere in the core region of the polar vortex. This leads to five classes where the timing of the SSW in the preceding winter and a downward propagating Northern Annular Mode plays a crucial role. First, we use Microwave Limb Sounder satellite data to describe the five classes for recent single years, and then we use Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 reanalysis data for a composite analysis. The results show distinctive differences between the five classes in the months before the spring transition especially in the mesosphere. We hypothesize that this will help to improve the prediction of the spring transition. Additionally, meteor radar winds are used to link spring transition effects in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere with the stratospheric final warming.
Unified Criterion for Clear‐Water Local Scour Induced by Junction Flows and Wall Jets
Authors: Cheng Nian‐Sheng , Lu Yesheng , Wei Maoxing , Chiew Yee‐Meng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLocal scour in a sediment bed varies depending on the type, size and shape of hydraulic structures, and the properties of approach flow and sediment particles. Published studies are hitherto confined primarily to empirical experiments based on particular types of hydraulic structure and there is almost no comparison of scour amongst different types of hydraulic structures. This study aims to provide an attempt to unify different types of clear‐water scour based on a new length scale, which is proposed to characterize the size of the large‐scale flow structure that governs scouring processes. The new length scale serves as a generalized hydraulic radius, which is applicable for all types of clear‐water scour related to junction flows at bridge piers and abutments, and wall jets including culverts. The analysis indicates that when normalized with the new length scale, the equilibrium scour depths can be described with a unified function of the densimetric Froude number, regardless of different scour types. In addition, this study also shows that the proposed function varies with the scour efficiency, in a fashion resembling the bedload function in the range of low to high transport regimes. This finding, which is founded on solid physical grounds, reveals that different kinds of local scour phenomena can be interpreted in unison rather than based on the individual type of hydraulic structures.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell subtypes differentially influence T-cell function, T-helper subset differentiation, and clinical course in CLL
Authors: Ferrer Gerardo , Jung Byeongho , Chiu Pui Yan , Aslam Rukhsana , Palacios Florencia , Mazzarello Andrea Nicola , Vergani Stefano , Bagnara Davide , Chen Shih-Shih , Yancopoulos Sophia , Xochelli Aliki , Yan Xiao-Jie , Burger Jan A. , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Allen Steven L. , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Rai Kanti R. , Sherry Barbara , Chiorazzi Nicholas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer pathogenesis involves the interplay of tumor- and microenvironment-derived stimuli. Here we focused on the influence of an immunomodulatory cell type, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and their lineage-related subtypes on autologous T lymphocytes. Although MDSCs as a group correlated with an immunosuppressive Th repertoire and worse clinical course, MDSC subtypes (polymorphonuclear, PMN-MDSC, and monocytic, M-MDSCs) were often functionally discordant. In vivo, PMN-MDSCs existed in higher numbers, correlated with different Th-subsets, and more strongly associated with poor clinical course than M-MDSCs. In vitro, PMN-MDSCs were more efficient at blocking T-cell growth and promoted Th17 differentiation. Conversely, in vitro M-MDSCs varied in their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation, due to the action of TNFα, and promoted a more immunostimulatory Th compartment. Ibrutinib therapy impacted MDSCs differentially as well, since after initiating therapy, PMN-MDSC numbers progressively declined, whereas M-MDSC numbers were unaffected, leading to a set of less immunosuppressive Th cells. Consistent with this, clinical improvement based on decreasing CLL-cell numbers correlated with the decrease in PMN-MDSCs. Collectively, the data support a balance between PMN-MDSC and M-MDSC numbers and function influencing CLL disease course.
A drug-repositioning screen using splicing-sensitive fluorescent reporters identifies novel modulators of VEGF-A splicing with anti-angiogenic properties
Authors: Star Eleanor , Stevens Megan , Gooding Clare , Smith Christopher W. J. , Li Ling , Ayine Monica Lamici , Harper Steve J. , Bates David O. , Oltean Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlternative splicing of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) terminal exon generates two protein families with differing functions. Pro-angiogenic VEGF-Axxxa isoforms are produced via selection of the proximal 3′ splice site of the terminal exon. Use of an alternative distal splice site generates the anti-angiogenic VEGF-Axxxb proteins. A bichromatic splicing-sensitive reporter was designed to mimic VEGF-A alternative splicing and was used as a molecular tool to further investigate this alternative splicing event. Part of VEGF-A’s terminal exon and preceding intron were inserted into a minigene construct followed by the coding sequences for two fluorescent proteins. A different fluorescent protein is expressed depending on which 3′ splice site of the exon is used during splicing (dsRED denotes VEGF-Axxxa and EGFP denotes VEGF-Axxxb). The fluorescent output can be used to follow splicing decisions in vitro and in vivo. Following successful reporter validation in different cell lines and altering splicing using known modulators, a screen was performed using the LOPAC library of small molecules. Alterations to reporter splicing were measured using a fluorescent plate reader to detect dsRED and EGFP expression. Compounds of interest were further validated using flow cytometry and assessed for effects on endogenous VEGF-A alternative splicing at the mRNA and protein level. Ex vivo and in vitro angiogenesis assays were used to demonstrate the anti-angiogenic effect of the compounds. Furthermore, anti-angiogenic activity was investigated in a Matrigel in vivo model. To conclude, we have identified a set of compounds that have anti-angiogenic activity through modulation of VEGF-A terminal exon splicing.
Brain functional connectivity in children with developmental coordination disorder following rehabilitation intervention
Authors: Izadi-Najafabadi Sara , Rinat Shie , Zwicker Jill G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show improved motor function after Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) intervention; however, the neural basis for these improvements is unknown.

Methods
In this randomized waitlist-controlled trial, 78 children with DCD (with/without ADHD) were randomly assigned to either a treatment or waitlist group and underwent three resting-state MRI scans over six months. The treatment group received intervention between the first and second scan; the waitlist group received intervention between the second and third scan.

Results
After CO-OP intervention, children with DCD [13 male, 8 female; mean (SD) age: 10.0 (1.7) years] showed increased functional connectivity between the default mode network and right anterior cingulate gyrus (p < 0.01). Additional gains were noted at follow-up three months after the intervention, with greater functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and precentral gyrus (p < 0.02). However, children with DCD + ADHD [18 male, 1 female; mean (SD) age: 10.0 (1.14) years] did not show brain changes following CO-OP.

Conclusion
For children with DCD, increased functional connectivity in networks associated with self-, emotion-, and attention-regulation may underlie motor skill improvements observed after CO-OP intervention. Modifications to the CO-OP protocol may be required to induce similar brain changes in children with DCD + ADHD.

Impact

This study provides neuroscientific evidence for the Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach as an effective rehabilitation intervention to induce brain and behavioral changes in children with DCD.

While children with DCD ± ADHD showed improved motor function after CO-OP, only children with DCD showed brain changes after intervention.

Children with DCD showed increased functional connectivity in networks associated with self-, emotion-, and attention-regulation after the intervention.

Treatment modifications may be required to induce similar brain changes in children with DCD + ADHD.

Pediatricians are encouraged to refer children with DCD  with and without ADHD for CO-OP intervention to improve their motor skills.