bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GDF15 in Appetite and Exercise: Essential Player or Coincidental Bystander?
Authors: Klein Anders B , Kleinert Maximilian , Richter Erik A , Clemmensen Christoffer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently moved to the forefront of metabolism research. When administered pharmacologically, GDF15 reduces food intake and lowers body weight via the hindbrain-situated receptor GFRAL (glial cell–derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-like). Endogenous GDF15 is a ubiquitous cellular stress signal that can be produced and secreted by a variety of cell types. Circulating levels are elevated in a series of disease states, but also in response to exogenous agents such as metformin, colchicine, AICAR, and cisplatin. Recently, exercise has emerged as a relevant intervention to interrogate GDF15 physiology. Prolonged endurance exercise increases circulating GDF15 to levels otherwise associated with certain pathological states and in response to metformin treatment. The jury is still out on whether GDF15 is a functional “exerkine” mediating organ-to-brain crosstalk or whether it is a coincidental bystander. In this review, we discuss the putative physiological implication of exercise-induced GDF15, focusing on the potential impact on appetite and metabolism.
Molecular Derangements and the Diagnosis of ACTH-Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Nieman Lynnette K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with morbidities (diabetes, hypertension, clotting disorders) and shortens life because of infections, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cardiovascular disease. Its clinical presentation is immensely variable, and diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Thus, there are many opportunities for basic and clinical research leading to better tests, faster diagnosis, and optimized medical treatments. This review focuses on CS caused by excessive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) production. It describes current concepts of the regulation of ACTH synthesis and secretion by normal corticotropes and mechanisms by which dysregulation occurs in corticotrope (termed “Cushing’s disease”) and noncorticotrope (so-called ectopic) ACTH-producing tumors. ACTH causes adrenal gland synthesis and pulsatile release of cortisol; the excess ACTH in these forms of CS leads to the hypercortisolism of endogenous CS. Again, the differences between healthy individuals and those with CS are highlighted. The clinical presentations and their use in the interpretation of CS screening tests are described. The tests used for screening and differential diagnosis of CS are presented, along with their relationship to cortisol dynamics, pathophysiology, and negative glucocorticoid feedback regulation in the two forms of ACTH-dependent CS. Finally, several gaps in current understanding are highlighted in the hope of stimulating additional research into this challenging disorder.
Concerted regulation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression by microRNAs in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: López-Pastor Andrea R. , Infante-Menéndez Jorge , González-Illanes Tamara , González-López Paula , González-Rodríguez Águeda , García-Monzón Carmelo , Vega de Céniga Melina , Esparza Leticia , Gómez-Hernández Almudena , Escribano Óscar 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is constantly increasing, and altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) fosters the development and progression of many pathologies, including NAFLD. Therefore, we explored the role of new miRNAs involved in the molecular mechanisms that trigger NAFLD progression and evaluated them as biomarkers for diagnosis. As a NAFLD model, we used apolipoprotein E-deficient mice administered a high-fat diet for 8 or 18 weeks. We demonstrated that insulin resistance and decreased lipogenesis and autophagy observed after 18 weeks on the diet are related to a concerted regulation carried out by miR-26b-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-149-5p and miR-375-3p. We also propose circulating let-7d-5p and miR-146b-5p as potential biomarkers of early stages of NAFLD. Finally, we confirmed that circulating miR-34a-5p and miR-375-3p are elevated in the late stages of NAFLD and that miR-27b-3p and miR-122-5p are increased with disease progression. Our results reveal a synergistic regulation of key processes in NAFLD development and progression by miRNAs. Further investigation is needed to unravel the roles of these miRNAs for developing new strategies for NAFLD treatment.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Wild snapdragon plant pedigree sheds light on limited connectivity enhanced by higher migrant reproductive success in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Gervais Laura , Mouginot Pierick , Gibert Anais , Salles Oceane , Latutrie Mathieu , Piquet Jesaelle , Archambeau Juliette , Pujol Benoit 
Published: December 2021

Background: In contrast with historical knowledge, a recent view posits that a non-negligible proportion of populations might respond positively to habitat fragmentation. Populations might thrive in a fragmented landscape if functional connectivity, i.e., the net flow of individuals or their genes moving among suitable habitat patches, is not restricted. Alternatively, functional connectivity might be typically limited but enhanced by a higher reproductive success of migrants. Methods: We tested for this hypothesis in wild snapdragon plants inhabiting six patches separated by seawater in a fragmented Mediterranean scrubland landscape. We reconstructed their pedigree by using a parentage assignment method based on microsatellite genetic markers. We then estimated functional connectivity and the reproductive success of plants resulting from between-patch dispersal events. Results: We found that wild snapdragon plants thrived in this fragmented landscape, although functional connectivity between habitat patches was weak (i.e. 2.9%). The progeny resulting from between-patch dispersal events had a higher reproductive success than residents. Conclusion: Our findings expose a remarkable aspect of fragmented landscapes, where weak functional connectivity was enhanced by higher reproductive success after migration. This process might have the potential to compensate at least partly the negative impact of fragmentation.
Diuretic effect of co-administration of furosemide and albumin in comparison to furosemide therapy alone: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Tao Han , Kuo George , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Huang Yen Ta , Yen Chieh Li , Lee Cheng-Chia , Fan Pei Chun , Chen Jia-Jin 
Published: December 2021

Background
It has been a matter of much debate whether the co-administration of furosemide and albumin can achieve better diuresis and natriuresis than furosemide treatment alone. There is inconsistency in published trials regarding the effect of this combination therapy. We, therefore, conducted this meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of furosemide and albumin co-administration and the factors potentially influencing the diuretic effect of such co-administration.

Methods
In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Prospective studies with adult populations which comparing the effect of furosemide and albumin co-administration with furosemide alone were included. The outcomes including diuretic effect and natriuresis effect measured by hourly urine output and hourly urine sodium excretion from both groups were extracted. Random effect model was applied for conducting meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity of treatment effects.

Results
By including 13 studies with 422 participants, the meta-analysis revealed that furosemide with albumin co-administration increased urine output by 31.45 ml/hour and increased urine excretion by 1.76 mEq/hour in comparison to furosemide treatment alone. The diuretic effect of albumin and furosemide co-administration was better in participants with low baseline serum albumin levels (< 2.5 g/dL) and high prescribed albumin infusion doses (> 30 g), and the effect was more significant within 12 hours after administration. Diuretic effect of co-administration was better in those with baseline Cr > 1.2 mg/dL and natriuresis effect of co-administration was better in those with baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2.

Conclusion
Co-administration of furosemide with albumin might enhance diuresis and natriuresis effects than furosemide treatment alone but with high heterogeneity in treatment response. According to the present meta-analysis, combination therapy might provide advantages compared to the furosemide therapy alone in patients with baseline albumin levels lower than 2.5 g/dL or in patients receiving higher albumin infusion doses or in patients with impaired renal function. Owing to high heterogeneity and limited enrolled participants, further parallel randomized controlled trials are warranted to examine our outcome.

Registration
PROSEPRO ID: CRD42020211002; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Improved performance and consistency of deep learning 3D liver segmentation with heterogeneous cancer stages in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gross Moritz , Spektor Michael , Jaffe Ariel , Kucukkaya Ahmet S. , Iseke Simon , Haider Stefan P. , Strazzabosco Mario , Chapiro Julius , Onofrey John A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Accurate liver segmentation is key for volumetry assessment to guide treatment decisions. Moreover, it is an important pre-processing step for cancer detection algorithms. Liver segmentation can be especially challenging in patients with cancer-related tissue changes and shape deformation. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of state-of-the-art deep learning 3D liver segmentation algorithms to generalize across all different Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) liver cancer stages.

Methods
This retrospective study, included patients from an institutional database that had arterial-phase T1-weighted magnetic resonance images with corresponding manual liver segmentations. The data was split into 70/15/15% for training/validation/testing each proportionally equal across BCLC stages. Two 3D convolutional neural networks were trained using identical U-net-derived architectures with equal sized training datasets: one spanning all BCLC stages (“All-Stage-Net": AS-Net), and one limited to early and intermediate BCLC stages (“Early-Intermediate-Stage-Net": EIS-Net). Segmentation accuracy was evaluated by the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) on a dataset spanning all BCLC stages and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pairwise comparisons.

Results
219 subjects met the inclusion criteria (170 males, 49 females, 62.8±9.1 years) from all BCLC stages. Both networks were trained using 129 subjects: AS-Net training comprised 19, 74, 18, 8, and 10 BCLC 0, A, B, C, and D patients, respectively; EIS-Net training comprised 21, 86, and 22 BCLC 0, A, and B patients, respectively. DSCs (mean±SD) were 0.954±0.018 and 0.946±0.032 for AS-Net and EIS-Net (p<0.001), respectively. The AS-Net 0.956±0.014 significantly outperformed the EIS-Net 0.941±0.038 on advanced BCLC stages (p<0.001) and yielded similarly good segmentation performance on early and intermediate stages (AS-Net: 0.952±0.021; EIS-Net: 0.949±0.027; p = 0.107).

Conclusion
To ensure robust segmentation performance across cancer stages that is independent of liver shape deformation and tumor burden, it is critical to train deep learning models on heterogeneous imaging data spanning all BCLC stages.
Impact of policies, strategies and agricultural institutions on food security and poverty status of vegetable farmers along the blue nile banks, Gezira State, Sudan (2017)
Authors: Bushara Mohamed O. A. 
Published: December 2021

Having clear picture on food security status and its major determinants helps policy makers and planners to introduce new policies that enhance food security. The study was aimed to evaluate the impact of policies, strategies and institution on food security and poverty status of the vegetables farmers in Gezira State with reference to the Blue Nile farmers. To achieve these objectives stratified random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from five localities lays along Blue Nile, so 150 farming households were interviewed. Food security Policy and strategy were collected by the mean of questionnaire targeting key line institutions. Poverty indices were calculated using expenditure as welfare indicator,Gini coefficient was applied. The results showed that the majority 75% of the respondents were above expenditure poverty line (7196)SDG. Moreover, the results showed that the poverty gap index was equal to five percent. Kamlin, Medani, East Gezira reported the higher expenditure distance from the poverty line (6 percent). The severity of poverty in the state is estimated to be two percent, likewise the severity of poverty in East Gezira was found to have a higher percentage (three percent). According to Gini coefficient the income distribution estimated at 0.46 while that for expenditure distribution is estimated at 0.31, these results showed a higher degree of inequality. The results showed that the poorest 20% of the population earned 0.06% of the total income while the richest 20% earned 45% of the total income. About 50.7% from the respondents use borrowing from others as one of their coping strategies. About 78%of policy makers said that there was organized team from all institutions dealing with food security and nutrition issue, all policy makers in the state said there was strategy concerning the food security and nutrition issues. The study recommended that the cash transfer needed to lift the poor out of poverty that each poor person needs five percent of the value of the poverty line.
Gamma-convergence of Gaussian fractional perimeter
Authors: Carbotti Alessandro , Cito Simone , La Manna Domenico Angelo , Pallara Diego 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove the Γ-convergence of the renormalised Gaussian fractionals-perimeter to the Gaussian perimeter ass→1-{s\to 1^{-}}. Our definition of fractional perimeter comes from that of the fractional powers of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator given via Bochner subordination formula. As a typical feature of the Gaussian setting, the constant appearing in front of the Γ-limit does not depend on the dimension.
An explicit formula for the Siegel series of a quadratic form over a non-archimedean local field
Authors: Ikeda Tamotsu , Katsurada Hidenori 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Let F be a non-archimedean local field of characteristic 0, and

𝔬

{{\mathfrak{o}}}

the ring of integers in F.
We give an explicit formula for the Siegel series of a half-integral matrix over

𝔬

{{\mathfrak{o}}}

.
This formula expresses the Siegel series of a half-integral matrix B explicitly in terms of the Gross–Keating invariant of B and its related invariants.
Investigating cognitive factors and diagnostic error in a presentation of complicated multisystem disease
Authors: Thompson Ben , Madan Christopher R. , Patel Rakesh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To use a case review approach for investigating the types of cognitive error identifiable following a complicated patient admission with a multisystem disorder in an acute care setting where diagnosis was difficult and delayed.

Methods
A case notes review was undertaken to explore the cognitive factors associated with diagnostic error in the case of an 18-year-old male presenting acutely unwell with myalgia, anorexia and vomiting. Each clinical interaction was analysed and identified cognitive factors were categorised using a framework developed by Graber et al.

Results
Cognitive factors resulting in diagnostic errors most frequently occurred within the first five days of hospital admission. The most common were premature closure; failure to order or follow up an appropriate test; over-reliance on someone else’s findings or opinion; over-estimating or underestimating usefulness or salience of a finding, and; ineffective, incomplete or faulty history and physical examination. Cognitive factors were particularly frequent around transitions of care and patient transfers from one clinical area to another. The presence of senior staff did not necessarily mitigate against diagnostic error from cognitive factors demonstrated by junior staff or diagnostic errors made out-of-hours.

Conclusions
Cognitive factors are a significant cause of diagnostic error within the first five days after admission, especially around transitions of care between different clinical settings and providers. Medical education interventions need to ensure clinical reasoning training supports individuals and teams to develop effective strategies for mitigating cognitive factors when faced with uncertainty over complex patients presenting with non-specific symptoms in order to reduce diagnostic error.
Wie die Finanzpolitik den Stopp des Klimawandels unterstützen kann – ein Interview
Authors: Giegold Sven 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Sven Giegold, Sprecher der deutschen Grünen im Europaparlament und Obmann der grünen Fraktion im Ausschuss für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, erläutert in einem Interview die Rolle des Finanzmarktes für einen ambitionierten Klimaschutz. Dabei weist er auf die Bedeutung einer sozialen und solidarischen Ökonomie – dazu zählen Sozialwirtschaft, social entrepreneurs oder neue Genossenschaften –, einer risikosensiblen Neuaufstellung der Finanzmarktstrategien vor dem Hintergrund der Klimakrise und auch auf staatliche Regulierungsoptionen des Finanzmarktes hin. Weitere Themen sind der Green Deal der Europäischen Kommission, die Entwicklung weltweiter Unternehmensbesteuerung, sustainable Finance und die Kritik an einer „sakralisierten“ schwarzen Null, Kryptowährung sowie Finanztransaktionssteuer und Mikrokredite. Für die vorgestellte Agenda braucht es Partner in der Zivilgesellschaft.
Gelehrter Habitus und eremitische Lebensform. Eine Sozialgeschichte der Einsamkeit in der Ära Peter Abaelards
Authors: Rexroth Frank 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Habitus vormoderner Gelehrter ist stark von dem Erfordernis zur Konzentration und von selbst gewählter Abschottung von den Reizen der Umwelt geprägt. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Erklärungsversuchen präsentiert dieser Aufsatz die These, dass nicht erst der Renaissance-Humanismus, sondern schon das Jahrhundert von ca. 1050 bis ca. 1150 hierfür eine prägende Rolle gespielt hat. Die privaten, freien „scholae“, die in jener Phase aufblühen, sind eingebettet in eine zeittypische Kultur der Einsamkeit und einen Kult des Eremitentums, an dem sich zahlreiche Magister und Scholaren nachweislich beteiligt haben. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Verbindungen, die zwischen den „scholae“ der frühen Scholastik und den Siedlungen gesellschaftlicher Aussteiger und Eremiten bestehen.
Wasserverbrauch privater Haushalte in Deutschland: Eine empirische Mikroanalyse
Authors: Frondel Manuel , Niehues Delia A. , Sommer Stephan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Germany is a rather water-rich country. Nevertheless, climatic changes might make it necessary to use water resources carefully in the future, especially in times of drought. Against this background, this paper estimates the price elasticity of household water consumption, differentiating between households that have a rough knowledge of water prices and households that do not. Based on about 1,100 observations for households living in single-family houses and using the sum of cubic meter prices for water and wastewater as price measure, we find a moderate but statistically significantly non-zero price elasticity of -0.102. Households that have knowledge of water prices tend to exhibit a higher elasticity, while households without price knowledge do not show a statistically significant response in their water consumption. Prices can thus only be used to a limited extent as a means of controlling water consumption.
Compassionate Use of Tocilizumab in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Low-resource Country, Pakistan: A Pilot Study
Authors: Amir Muhammad , Gafoor Amir , Iqbal Zafar , Ashraf Shehriyar , Zeb Salma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background: We herein report our experience of optimized utilization of tocilizumab for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a limited-resource tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This single-center, single-arm, open-label, interventional study was conducted to determine the effect of tocilizumab on the mortality of patients with COVID-19.

Results: Fifty-nine patients were administered tocilizumab. Patients who received invasive respiratory support were identified to have a higher risk of mortality than those who received oxygen support.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the maximum benefit of tocilizumab was observed as a prophylactic treatment of cytokine syndrome in patients with COVID-19, particularly those with moderate to severe symptoms who are not receiving invasive respiratory support.
TOCIPAK https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-25rtydq; REBEC Number 11773
Legal Protection for Children as Victims of Violence
Authors: Rachmanto Evan Ferdiyan 
Published: December 2021

A child contains human right, including those employing adult, children do not have much to think about and take concrete steps. In Indonesian, laws relating to Positive Law, is The Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection have been amended by Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, which is very significant in reducing the level of violence against children. Legal protection for Children begins early in the womb birth. In its development there are children are in the environment is full of violence. Various social deviations that occur in the community more and most of the children. So that the perpetrators of violence do not feel deterred and no longer do the crime.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MAHASISWA
Authors: Mulhayatiah Diah 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang diperoleh dari pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen yang dilakukan di kelas Fisika Dasar, dengan menggunakan kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Sampel kelas eksperimen sebanyak 40 dan kelas kontrol sebanyak 56 sampel yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik sampling purposive yaitu sampel dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis (uji-t) kemampuan berpikir kreatif kelas eksperimen, harga z untuk -4,43 dan kelas kontrol harga z = -5,29 dengan mempunyai peluang yaitu p = 0,0000 harga p lebih kecil dari α = 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan hipotesis diterima Ha. Dengan demikian terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang signifikan setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran berbasis.