bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Aerodynamic Design of a S-CO2 Axial Turbine
Authors: Kumaran R. Senthil , Alone Dilipkumar B. , Nassar Abdul , Kumar Pramod 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Axial turbines are gaining prominence in supercritical carbon-di-oxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle power blocks. S-CO2 Brayton cycle power systems designed for 10 MW and upwards will need axial turbines for efficient energy conversion and compact construction. The real gas behavior of S-CO2 and its rapid property variations with temperature presents a strong challenge for turbomachinery design. Applying gas and steam turbine philosophies directly to S-CO2 turbine could lead to erroneous designs. Very little information is available in the open literature on the design of S-CO2 axial turbines. In this paper, design of a 10 MW axial turbine for a simple recuperated Brayton cycle waste heat recovery system is presented. Three repeating stages with nominal stage loading coefficient of 2.3 and flow coefficient of 0.37 were designed. An axial turbine mean-line design method tuned to S-CO2 real gas fluid medium is discussed. 3D blade design was made suing commercial turbomachinery design software AxSTREAM. The turbine was designed for inlet temperature of 818.15 K, pressure ratio of 2.2, rotational speed of 12000 rpm and mass flow rate of 104.5 kg/s. 3D CFD simulations were carried out using the commercial RANS solver ANSYS CFX 2020 R2 with SST turbulence model for closure. S-CO2 was modelled as real gas with Refrigerant Gas Property tables generated over the appropriate pressure and temperature ranges using NIST Refprop database. CFD studies were carried out over a range of mass flow rates and speeds, covering the design and several off-design conditions. The performance maps generated using 3D CFD simulations of the turbine are presented. The geometrical parameters obtained with the mean-line design matched well with that of the 3D turbine design arrived using AxSTREAM. It was observed that the turbine produced 10 MW power at the design condition while passing the required mass flow. CFD studies also showed that the preliminary turbine design achieved a moderate total-to-total efficiency of 80 % at the design condition. The design has potential for further optimization to obtain improved efficiency and for reducing the number of stages from three to two.
Can coseismic static stress changes sustain postseismic degassing?
Authors: Bonini Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarthquakes can trigger increased degassing in hydrogeological systems. Many of these systems return to preseismic conditions after months, but sometimes postseismic degassing lasts for years. The factors controlling such long-lasting degassing are poorly known. I explored the potential role of diverse triggering mechanisms (i.e., dynamic and static stress changes, volumetric strain) for three large earthquakes that induced postseismic degassing (the Wenchuan [China], Maule [Chile], and Gorkha [Nepal] earthquakes). The lessons from this study suggest that hydrogeological systems can respond to earthquakes in various ways, and different causal mechanisms can play a role. Persistent increased CO2 flux from hot springs has been documented after the Gorkha earthquake. These hot springs had their feeder systems dominantly unclamped, suggesting that sufficiently large normal stress changes may sustain late postseismic degassing. The results of this study are twofold: (1) they show a spatial correlation between unclamping stress and increased gas flow, and (2) they provide an explanation for protracted increased degassing.
Effects of Polymetallic Ore Occurrences on Mercury Accumulation by Aquatic Biota in River Ecosystems
Authors: Shapovalov M. I. , Gremyachikh V. A. , Komov V. T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study represents the data on metal content in the body of stoneflies Perla pallida Guerin-Meneville, 1838 (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and in muscles of the fish family Cyprinidae from the small tributaries of the Belaya River (Republic of Adygea, Northwest Caucasus) with ore mineralization of various metals including mercury. It was found that mercury (Hg) concentrations in stoneflies are corresponds to from the water basins without local Hg sources. Mercury content in stoneflies depends on season and is more intensive in early ontogenesis in winter than in the warm season. Mercury concentration in 0.01–0.72 mg/kg dry weight can cause the pathomorphological changes in the structure of organs and decrease the adaptive potential in competitive population of stoneflies, in general. The Hg concentration reached 0.09–0.69 mg/kg in the studied fish species (bleak, gudgeons, and barbels) and was similar to concentrations in stonefly larvae. This can be related with low size-weight parameters of fishes in samples as wells as with similar feeding patterns of hydrobionts.
Survival analysis of 8785 malignant lymphoma cases in the oral and nasal cavities in the USA: a cohort study
Authors: Jiang Feifei , Yan Ai-Hui 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo identify the factors associated with the survival of malignant Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in oral and nasal cavities.Study design. Retrospective cohort survival analysis.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 18 database was used to analyse the factors associated with the 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphomas diagnosed in the oral cavity and pharynx (OCP) and nasal cavity and sinus (NCS) regions from 1988 to 2011 for all patients in the USA. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate the HR of malignant lymphoma death overall and by the site of cancer diagnosis.ResultsAmong the 8785 patients included in the analysis, 4103 (46.7%) were women, 6096 (69.4%) were non-Hispanic (NH) white, 635 (7.2%) were NH black and 1209 (13.8%) were Hispanic patients of all races. We found that a higher 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphoma is associated with: female gender; younger age at diagnosis; NH white race/ethnicity; diagnosis in the oral cavity; receiving surgery/radiation and surgery/radiation, surgery and chemotherapy as the treatment; diagnosis at a localised stage and diagnosis in later calendar years. No association with lymphoma subtype was observed.ConclusionWe have identified several demographics and prognosis factors associated with the 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphomas in the OCP and NCS regions. These findings warrant greater public health attention on the prognosis of malignant lymphomas in the OCP and NCS regions among the most vulnerable populations.
Effects of computerised clinical decision support systems (CDSS) on nursing and allied health professional performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review of experimental and observational studies
Authors: Mebrahtu Teumzghi F , Skyrme Sarah , Randell Rebecca , Keenan Anne-Maree , Bloor Karen , Yang Huiqin , Andre Deirdre , Ledward Alison , King Henry , Thompson Carl 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveComputerised clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are an increasingly important part of nurse and allied health professional (AHP) roles in delivering healthcare. The impact of these technologies on these health professionals’ performance and patient outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate this.Materials and methodsThe following bibliographic databases and grey literature sources were searched by an experienced Information Professional for published and unpublished research from inception to February 2021 without language restrictions: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase Classic+Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), HMIC (Ovid), AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley), Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded (Clarivate), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Abstracts & Index, ProQuest ASSIA (Applied Social Science Index and Abstract), Clinical Trials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry (ICTRP), Health Services Research Projects in Progress (HSRProj), OpenClinical(www.OpenClinical.org), OpenGrey (www.opengrey.eu), Health.IT.gov, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (www.ahrq.gov). Any comparative research studies comparing CDSS with usual care were eligible for inclusion.ResultsA total of 36 106 non-duplicate records were identified. Of 35 included studies: 28 were randomised trials, three controlled-before-and-after studies, three interrupted-time-series and one non-randomised trial. There were ~1318 health professionals and ~67 595 patient participants in the studies. Most studies focused on nurse decision-makers (71%) or paramedics (5.7%). CDSS as a standalone Personal Computer/LAPTOP-technology was a feature of 88.7% of the studies; only 8.6% of the studies involved ‘smart’ mobile/handheld-technology.DiscussionCDSS impacted 38% of the outcome measures used positively. Care processes were better in 47% of the measures adopted; examples included, nurses’ adherence to hand disinfection guidance, insulin dosing, on-time blood sampling and documenting care. Patient care outcomes in 40.7% of indicators were better; examples included, lower numbers of falls and pressure ulcers, better glycaemic control, screening of malnutrition and obesity and triaging appropriateness.ConclusionCDSS may have a positive impact on selected aspects of nurses’ and AHPs’ performance and care outcomes. However, comparative research is generally low quality, with a wide range of heterogeneous outcomes. After more than 13 years of synthesised research into CDSS in healthcare professions other than medicine, the need for better quality evaluative research remains as pressing.
Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson’s disease and other forms of parkinsonism in a cohort of elderly individuals in Southern Brazil: protocol for a population-based study
Authors: Pereira Gabriela Magalhães , Soares Nayron Medeiros , Bruscato Neide Maria , Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki , Senger João , Werle Berenice Maria , Almeida Rosa Maria Martins de , Schumacher-Schuh Artur Francisco , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionParkinsonism is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting the elderly. Several population-based studies have determined the epidemiology of parkinsonism, mainly Parkinson’s disease (PD), but there is still little evidence in the Brazilian population. This protocol study aims to assess the prevalence and incidence of cases of PD and other parkinsonian syndromes in a 5-year cohort in a population-based study in the southern region of Brazil.Methods and analysisA prospective population-based longitudinal study, with a cohort of development of cases of parkinsonism, divided into two phases: in phase I, two questionnaires to screen for parkinsonism (Tanner’s questionnaire), Rapid Eyes Movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Single-Question Screen) and a short interview will be conducted with all elderly residents of Veranópolis (the first longevity Brazilian county located in the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) aged 60 or over. The positive screened cases will be examined independently by at least two movement disorder-trained physicians and prevalence will be determined. A comprehensive evaluation of prodromic symptoms, risk factors and clinical characteristics will be carried out. Subjects with subtle parkinsonism and a sample of healthy subjects will be followed for 5 years in a developmental cohort of parkinsonism cases. For crude incidence, all individuals admitted at the beginning of the study will be re-evaluated.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (protocol n° 4.095.609). All participants provide their informed consent before evaluations. Findings from this survey will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and will be presented at conferences.
Flipped SU(5) GUT phenomenology: proton decay and $$\mathbf {g_\mu - 2}$$
Authors: Ellis John , Evans Jason L. , Nagata Natsumi , Nanopoulos Dimitri V. , Olive Keith A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider proton decay and $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

in flipped SU(5) GUT models. We first study scenarios in which the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are constrained to be universal at some high scale $$M_{in}$$

M

in

above the standard GUT scale where the QCD and electroweak SU(2) couplings unify. In this case the proton lifetime is typically $$ > rsim 10^{36}$$

≳

10
36

years, too long to be detected in the foreseeable future, and the supersymmetric contribution to $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

is too small to contribute significantly to resolving the discrepancy between the experimental measurement and data-driven calculations within the Standard Model. However, we identify a region of the constrained flipped SU(5) parameter space with large couplings between the 10- and 5-dimensional GUT Higgs representations where $$p \rightarrow e^+ \pi ^0$$

p
→

e
+

π
0

decay may be detectable in the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment now under construction, though the contribution to $$g_\mu -2$$

g
μ

-
2

is still small. A substantial contribution to $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

is possible, however, if the universality constraints on the soft supersymmetry-breaking masses are relaxed. We find a ‘quadrifecta’ region where observable proton decay co-exists with a (partial) supersymmetric resolution of the $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

discrepancy and acceptable values of $$m_h$$

m
h

and the relic LSP density.
Heavy + light pseudoscalar meson semileptonic transitions
Authors: Xu Zhen-Ni , Cui Zhu-Fang , Roberts Craig D. , Xu Chang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA symmetry-preserving regularisation of a vector$$\times $$×vector contact interaction (SCI) is used to deliver a unified treatment of semileptonic transitions involving$$\pi $$π,K,$$D_{(s)}$$D(s),$$B_{(s,c)}$$B(s,c)initial states. The framework is characterised by algebraic simplicity, few parameters, and the ability to simultaneously treat systems from Nambu–Goldstone modes to heavy+heavy mesons. Although the SCI form factors are typically somewhat stiff, the results are comparable with experiment and rigorous theory results. Hence, predictions for the five unmeasured$$B_{s,c}$$Bs,cbranching fractions should be a reasonable guide. The analysis provides insights into the effects of Higgs boson couplings via current-quark masses on the transition form factors; and results on$$B_{(s)}\rightarrow D_{(s)}$$B(s)→D(s)transitions yield a prediction for the Isgur–Wise function in fair agreement with contemporary data.
Strange hidden-charm tetraquarks in constituent quark model
Authors: Jin Xin , Wu Yuheng , Liu Xuejie , Huang Hongxia , Ping Jialun , Zhong Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the framework of the chiral quark model (ChQM), we systematically investigate the strange hidden-charm tetraquark systems $$cs{\bar{c}}{\bar{u}}$$

c
s

c

¯

u

¯

with two structures: $$q{\bar{q}}-q{\bar{q}}$$

q

q

¯

-
q

q

¯

and $$qq-{\bar{q}}{\bar{q}}$$

q
q
-

q

¯

q

¯

. The bound-state calculation shows that there is no any bound state in present work, which excludes the molecular state explanation ($$D^{0}D_{s}^{*-}/D^{*0}D_{s}^{-}/D^{*0}D_{s}^{*-}$$

D
0

D

s

∗
-

/

D

∗
0

D

s

-

/

D

∗
0

D

s

∗
-

) of the reported $$Z_{cs}(3985)^{-}$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

-

or $$Z_{cs}(4000)^{+}$$

Z

cs

(
4000
)

+

. However, the effective potentials for the $$cs-{\bar{c}}{\bar{u}}$$

c
s
-

c

¯

u

¯

systems show the possibility of some resonance states. By applying a stabilization calculation and coupling all channels of both two structures, two new resonance states are obtained, which are the $$IJ^{P}=\frac{1}{2} 0^{+}$$

I

J
P

=

1
2

0
+

state with the energy around 4111–4116 MeV and the $$IJ^{P} =\frac{1}{2} 1^{+}$$

I

J
P

=

1
2

1
+

state with energy around 4113–4119 MeV, respectively. Both of them are worthy of search in future experiments. Our results show that the coupling calculation between the bound channels and open channels is indispensable to provide the necessary information for experiments to search for exotic hadron states.
Sex- and Mutation-Specific p53 Gain-of-Function Activity in Gliomagenesis
Authors: Rockwell Nathan C. , Yang Wei , Warrington Nicole M. , Staller Max V. , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. , Gurnett Christina A. , Cohen Barak A. , Baldridge Dustin , Rubin Joshua B. 
Published: December 2021

In cancer, missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain of TP53 are common. They abrogate canonical p53 activity and frequently confer gain-of-oncogenic function (GOF) through localization of transcriptionally active mutant p53 to noncanonical genes. We found that several recurring p53 mutations exhibit a sex difference in frequency in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In vitro and in vivo analysis of three mutations, p53R172H, p53Y202C, and p53Y217C, revealed unique interactions between cellular sex and p53 GOF mutations that determined each mutation's ability to transform male versus female primary mouse astrocytes. These phenotypic differences were correlated with sex- and p53 mutation–specific patterns of genomic localization to the transcriptional start sites of upregulated genes belonging to core cancer pathways. The promoter regions of these genes exhibited a sex difference in enrichment for different transcription factor DNA-binding motifs. Together, our data establish a novel mechanism for sex-specific mutant p53 GOF activity in GBM with implications for all cancer.

Significance:
Sex differences in cancer, including glioblastoma, have been observed in both incidence and outcome. We reveal that TP53, the most commonly mutated gene in cancer, contributes to sex differences through differential GOF activity. This discovery has critical implications for our understanding of p53 mutations and the importance of sex as a biological variable.
Circadian Rhythmicity in Cerebral Microvascular Tone Influences Subarachnoid Hemorrhage–Induced Injury
Authors: Lidington Darcy , Wan Hoyee , Dinh Danny D. , Ng Chloe , Bolz Steffen-Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:
Circadian rhythms influence the extent of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that cerebrovascular myogenic reactivity is rhythmic and explains the circadian variation in SAH-induced injury.

Methods:
SAH was modeled in mice with prechiasmatic blood injection. Inducible, smooth muscle cell–specific Bmal1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) gene deletion (smooth muscle–specific Bmal1 1 knockout [sm-Bmal1 KO]) disrupted circadian rhythms within the cerebral microcirculation. Olfactory cerebral resistance arteries were functionally assessed by pressure myography in vitro; these functional assessments were related to polymerase chain reaction/Western blot data, brain histology (Fluoro-Jade/activated caspase-3), and neurobehavioral assessments (modified Garcia scores).

Results:
Cerebrovascular myogenic vasoconstriction is rhythmic, with a peak and trough at Zeitgeber times 23 and 11 (ZT23 and ZT11), respectively. Histological and neurobehavioral assessments demonstrate that higher injury levels occur when SAH is induced at ZT23, compared with ZT11. In sm-Bmal1 KO mice, myogenic reactivity is not rhythmic. Interestingly, myogenic tone is higher at ZT11 versus ZT23 in sm-Bmal1 KO mice; accordingly, SAH-induced injury in sm-Bmal1 KO mice is more severe when SAH is induced at ZT11 compared to ZT23. We examined several myogenic signaling components and found that CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) expression is rhythmic in cerebral arteries. Pharmacologically stabilizing CFTR expression in vivo (3 mg/kg lumacaftor for 2 days) eliminates the rhythmicity in myogenic reactivity and abolishes the circadian variation in SAH-induced neurological injury.

Conclusions:
Cerebrovascular myogenic reactivity is rhythmic. The level of myogenic tone at the time of SAH ictus is a key factor influencing the extent of injury. Circadian oscillations in cerebrovascular CFTR expression appear to underlie the cerebrovascular myogenic reactivity rhythm.
Assessing the impact of educational methods on influenza vaccine uptake and patient knowledge and attitudes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hu Pei Lin , Koh Eileen Yi Ling , Tay Jolene Shi Han , Chan Valerie Xin-Bei , Goh Shermin Shi Min , Wang Sinead Zhen 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Although influenza vaccination reduces rates of pneumonia, hospitalisation and mortality, influenza vaccination uptake remains low in older patients. The primary aim was to compare individualised counselling with educational pamphlets alone in improving influenza vaccination uptake. The secondary aims were to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccination and factors influencing uptake.

Methods:
A randomised controlled study was conducted in two government polyclinics with 160 participants per arm. Patients aged 65 years and above attending for doctor consultation were recruited. All participants received an educational pamphlet on influenza vaccination. The intervention group received additional face-to-face counselling. Participants filled a pre- and postintervention questionnaire assessing knowledge of influenza and attitudes towards the vaccine. Follow-up calls and verification of electronic records was done at three months to determine actual vaccine uptake.

Results:
At three months, 16 (10%) patients in the intervention group and 20 (12.5%) patients in the control group had completed influenza vaccination (P = 0.48). Factors positively associated with vaccine uptake were willingness to receive vaccination immediately after intervention (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.42–33.38), and male gender (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.23–7.12). Individualised counselling was more effective in improving knowledge (P < 0.01). Overall knowledge scores did not influence actual vaccine uptake rates. (adjusted OR 1.10 [0.90–1.3]).

Conclusion:
Both arms of patient education increased uptake of influenza vaccination. Individualised counselling was not superior to pamphlets alone in improving uptake. Performing vaccination at the initial point of contact improves actual uptake rates.
The Remarkable Rise of the Audiobook
Authors: Thompson John B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article provides a brief account of the rise of audiobooks, from the early uses of audiobooks to make books available to the visually impaired, to the rise of Audible and the recent surge in audiobooks. It shows how the strong growth of audiobook output and sales since 2011 has been linked to a clear shift in formats: whereas CDs had been the dominant medium for audiobooks between 2003 and 2010, digital downloads became increasingly important from 2011 onwards. By 2017, digital downloads accounted for nearly 90 per cent of audiobook sales.
Preconceptions of the Samarra Horizon, Green Splashed Ware and Blue Painted Ware Revisited through Chinese Ceramic Imports (Eighth to Tenth Centuries)
Authors: Wen Wen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper brings in new and not-well-known archaeological evidence to the debate over the Samarra Horizon, and reviews some preconceptions of the green splashed ware and blue painted ware through Chinese ceramic imports found in several sites in the Middle East from the eighth to tenth centuries CE. There has been mutual influence between Islamic and Chinese ceramics in the early Abbasid period, and there may be more than one explanation for their visual similarities.