bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SST‐driven variability of the East Asian summer jet on a decadal time‐scale in CMIP6 models
Authors: Patterson Matthew , O'Reilly Christopher , Woollings Tim , Weisheimer Antje , Wu Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe East Asian summer jet (EASJ) is an important component of the East Asian summer monsoon system and its variability is correlated with precipitation and surface temperature variations over this region. Whilst many studies have considered the interannual variability of the EASJ, less is known about variations on a decadal time‐scale. This study investigates the relationship between decadal EASJ variability and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and thus the potential predictability that SSTs may provide. Given the relatively short observational record, we make use of the long pre‐industrial control simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) in addition to a large ensemble of atmosphere‐only experiments, forced with random SST patterns. We then create an SST‐based reconstruction of the dominant modes of EASJ variability in the CMIP6 models, finding a median EASJ–reconstruction correlation for the dominant mode of 0.43. Much of the skill in the reconstruction arises from variations in Pacific SSTs, however the tropical Atlantic also makes a significant contribution. These findings suggest the potential for multi‐year predictions of the EASJ, provided that skilful SST forecasts are available.
Leader manipulator with hand rest function for microsurgery
Authors: Jeong Solmon , Tadano Kotaro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHand rest assists microsurgeons with maintaining a stable hand condition. In manipulating a surgical robot using teleoperation, the external hand rest poses mechanical difficulties such as interferences from manipulators.MethodsHerein, we introduced hand rest functionality into a leader manipulator. The hand rest function was realised by switching the impedance value in admittance control for the translation section. With teleoperation, we evaluated the positioning accuracy in the direction of gravity and the manipulating conditions during precise positioning.ResultsThe experiments proved that the position of the hand rest could be arranged at the intended position, and the condition with the hand rest function, applying sufficiently high impedance, and not constraining the hand rest completely provided the best performance.ConclusionOur leader manipulator showed the potentials to improve the quality of robotic microsurgery with the advantage in fine manipulation based on large repositionable working range of the hand rest.
Nonlinear–nonquadratic optimal and inverse optimal control for discrete‐time stochastic dynamical systems
Authors: Lanchares Manuel , Haddad Wassim M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the role of Lyapunov functions in evaluating nonlinear–nonquadratic cost functionals for Itô‐type nonlinear stochastic difference equations. Specifically, it is shown that the cost functional can be evaluated in closed‐form as long as the cost functional is related in a specific way to an underlying Lyapunov function that guarantees asymptotic stability in probability. This result is then used to analyze discrete‐time linear as well as nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems with polynomial and multilinear cost functionals. Furthermore, a stochastic optimal control framework is developed by exploiting connections between stochastic Lyapunov theory and stochastic Bellman theory. In particular, we show that asymptotic and geometric stability in probability of the closed‐loop nonlinear system is guaranteed by means of a Lyapunov function that can clearly be seen to be the solution to the steady state form of the stochastic Bellman equation, and hence, guaranteeing both stochastic stability and optimality.
Distributed resilient state estimation over sensor networks with random nonlinearities, fading measurements, and stochastic gain variations
Authors: Qian Wei , Guo Simeng , Zhao Yunji , Fei Shumin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe distributed resilient state estimation problem of nonlinear discrete systems in sensor networks is investigated in this article. The system model under consideration involves three phenomena of incomplete information: randomly occurring nonlinearities, fading measurements, and random gain variations. The probabilistic characteristics of the above phenomena are depicted by three sets of independent random variables subject to more general random distribution. Based on the above model, by applying Lyapunov functional approach and random distribution solution method, the asymptotic stability in the mean square sense of the estimation error system with a given attenuation level is proved. Further, the estimator parameters are solved by introducing a novel linearization method. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Video Games in the Secondary English Language Arts Classroom: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review of the Literature
Authors: Nash Brady L. , Brady Randi Beth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnglish language arts (ELA) teachers and literacy researchers are increasingly attending to the ways that digital technologies may be integrated into the curriculum. Video games, which now feature extensive narrative structures, interactive play systems, and complex multimodal semiotics, offer one avenue through which ELA teachers can expand upon the texts and literacy practices included in language arts curricula. However, professional resources and research on the use of video games in literacy classrooms remain scarce. To understand how educators have begun to integrate games into ELA curriculum and instruction, the authors conducted a state‐of‐the‐art review of the emerging literature on video games in secondary ELA classrooms. Through an inductive search and coding process, 21 studies were identified and analyzed. Two major findings emerged regarding both the specific instructional practices that instructors in the studies employed and the overall effects on students' learning described in the studies. First, the studies highlighted examples of video game instruction through the use of game analysis, game design and production, text production, and inquiry/research. Second, studies emphasized students’ expanded conceptions of literacies, development of literacy practices, growth of critical and analytical thinking skills, enhanced engagement, and increased opportunities for peer collaboration and mentoring. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for literacy instruction and research.
Oxidative Coupling of Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride With 2H‐Indazole Derivatives Using Visible Light Activation of Carbazole Based Organophotocatalyst
Authors: Saritha Rajendhiran , Annes Sesuraj Babiola , Perumal Karuppaiah , Veerappan Anbazhagan , Ramesh Subburethinam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe visible light promoted, oxidative coupling of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride with 2H‐indazole derivatives has been demonstrated to obtain 3‐arylated‐2H‐indazole derivatives using a catalytic amount of 4CzIPN (1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐4,6‐dicyanobenzene) as a photocatalyst under aerobic conditions. A library of arylated indazole derivatives was prepared in the organo‐photocatalytic pathway in good yields under mild reaction conditions. The present strategy was applied to synthesis liver X receptor agonist 4‐(7‐methoxy‐2‐phenyl‐2H‐indazol‐3‐yl) benzonitrile (3).
Boron Triel Bonds: A Quantum Chemical Topology Perspective
Authors: Karachi Sara S. , Eskandari Kiamars 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDifferent quantum chemical topology (QCT) methods were used to study the boron triel bonded complexes between BX3(X=H, F, Cl, and Br) and some Lewis bases (NH3, CO and NCH). The Laplacian of electron density distribution indicates that the weak boron‐Lewis base complexes can be classified as lump‐hole interactions. On the other hand, in the covalent‐type complexes, the lump in the valence shell of the Lewis base is polarized toward the boron atom, leading to tetravalent borons. Natural atom in molecule (NAIM) analysis demonstrates that a bonding NBO (natural bond orbital) is the primary source of electron density at the triel bond critical points in the covalent‐type complexes. The interacting quantum atom (IQA) approach shows that in both closed‐shell and covalent‐type complexes, the exchange‐correlation terms are the dominant inter‐fragment interactions, indicating the importance of electron sharing in the formation of complexes. Natural adaptive orbital (NAdO) analysis reveals that donation and back‐donation channels contribute almost equally to inter‐fragment electron delocalization. Interestingly, in the closed‐shell systems, the electrostatic inter‐fragment interactions are negligibly small, and the exchange‐correlation terms are large enough to compensate for the unstabilizing deformation energies. In contrast, in the covalent‐type complexes both exchange‐correlation and electrostatic terms are essential to overcome deformations.
Preparation and Photothermal Conversion of h‐BN/CuO Nanofluids
Authors: Yu Xiaohan , He Lili , Liu Rui , Guan Hongyu , Ge Chunhua , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA new h‐BN/CuO nanocomposite was prepared by using boron nitride (h‐BN) and CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O as raw materials via hydrothermal synthesis. We studied loading the CuO nanoparticles on sheet of h‐BN substrate and the stability of the h‐BN/CuO water‐based (h‐BN/CuO) nanofluids. It had both well light absorbing ability and photothermal conversion efficiency in direct absorption solar collectors (DASCs). The results show that different molar ratios of CuO to h‐BN do not affect the size of CuO nanoparticles or h‐BN substrates, but within a suitable feed ratio range, there exists an optimum feed ratio: h‐BN/CuO 0.75 : 1 which the suspension stability is the best in the base fluid. Simultaneously, supporting CuO nanoparticles on h‐BN substrate can make the absorption capacity of sunlight stronger than that of pure h‐BN. Under the simulated sunlight source, the nanocomposite with feed ratio of 0.75 : 1 was selected for the photothermal conversion test. The highest photothermal temperature of 0.05 wt % h‐BN/CuO nanofluid can reach 92.21 °C, which is 37.58 °C higher than pure water at most. Meanwhile, compared with 35.35 % for pure water, its photothermal conversion efficiency can rise to 80.18 %.
Acid‐Base Magnetic Silica Heterogeneous Catalyst for Green Aldol and Aza‐Michael Reactions
Authors: Fatemeh Mohammadi Metkazini S. , Heydari Akbar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a bifunctional ligand containing two mutually acidic and basic sites was successfully immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. The prepared nanocatalyst was analyzed by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). This novel easy‐prepared catalyst gave excellent efficiency in Aldol and aza‐Michael reactions in green and mild reaction conditions. The applicability of the introduced catalytic system was also studied successfully in the large‐scale synthesis of derivatives of dihydroquinolines. This procedure possesses many advantages such as simple work‐up, high yield, and short reaction times.
Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Mediated ROS Generation Mechanism of MgO Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Zhao Jiao , Fan Wei , Wang Yin , Tang Xiaojia , Zhu Yimin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe antibacterial property of MgO nanomaterials was strongly dependent on the surface defect‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS, such as .O2−, .OH and H2O2) generation, which makes the construction of surface defects become very significant. This work demonstrated that the anti‐Escherichia coli (E. coli) activity of MgO nanoparticles was obviously enhanced via N2 calcination processes, with the antibacterial ratio of 95.7 % for MgO nanoparticles calcined in N2 at 650 °C. The electron spin resonance (ESR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that rich oxygen vacancies on the surface of designed MgO nanoparticles could increase adsorbed oxygen content and further promote the activation of O2 and generation of ROS. The fluorescence probe results also verified that high‐level ROS could accumulate in E. coli exposed to MgO nanomaterials. Besides, .O2− played a dominant role in the antibacterial property of MgO nanoparticles compared with .OH and H2O2. The above findings illustrated the correlation between oxygen vacancy‐mediated ROS generation and enhanced antibacterial activity in MgO nanoparticles calcined under N2 atmosphere.
New Heterobimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonato Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes: DNA Interactions, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity Studies of the Cd(II) Complexes
Authors: Sağlam Ertuğrul Gazi , Akkoç Senem , Acar Nurcan , Dal Hakan , Tutsak Özgür , Açık Leyla , Çelik Süheyla Pınar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA series of new ferrocenyldithiophosphonato complexes of Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The antiproliferative activities of the ligands and their Cd(II) complexes were screened against four human cell lines using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. While the ligands were inactive in the three cancer cell lines screened, their Cd(II) complexes showed a very toxic effect against all cell lines. The complexes especially demonstrated the highest efficacy in the breast cancer cell line among the others. They were found to have higher cytotoxic activity compared to positive controls used in all cell lines. Furthermore, the ligands and their Cd(II) complexes were tested for antimicrobial activity against some pathogen bacteria and yeast strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), values were found to be in the ranges of 39.06–612 μM and 39.06–1250 μM, respectively. Besides, interactions between the compounds and plasmid DNA were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis. All of these cleaved double‐strand supercoiled plasmid DNA at the highest concentration indicating DNA cleavage activity. The restriction enzyme digestion of the compound‐DNA mixtures showed that compounds bind to A/A and G/G nucleotides.
Persistent Structure and Frustrated Magnetism in High Entropy Rare‐Earth Zirconates
Authors: Jothi Palani R. , Liyanage WLNC , Jiang Bo , Paladugu Sreya , Olds Daniel , Gilbert Dustin A. , Page Katharine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe configurational complexity and distinct local atomic environments of high entropy oxides remain largely unexplored, leaving structure‐property relationships and the hypothesis that the family offers rich tunability for applications ambiguous. This work investigates the influence of cation size and materials synthesis in determining the resulting structure and magnetic properties of a family of high entropy rare‐earth zirconates (HEREZs, nominal composition RE2Zr2O7 with RE = rare‐earth element combinations including Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, La, or Sc). The structural characterization of the series is examined through synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis, and electron microscopy, demonstrating average defect‐fluorite structures with considerable local disorder, in all samples. The surface morphology and particle sizes are found to vary significantly with preparation method, with irregular micron‐sized particles formed by high temperature sintering routes, spherical nanoparticles resulting from chemical co‐precipitation methods, and porous nanoparticle agglomerates resulting from polymer steric entrapment synthesis. In agreement with the disordered cation distribution found across all samples, magnetic measurements indicate that all synthesized HEREZs show frustrated magnetic behavior, as seen in a number of single‐component RE2Zr2O7 pyrochlore oxides. These findings advance the understanding of the local structure of high entropy oxides and demonstrate strategies for designing nanostructured morphologies in the class.
Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E‐skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing
Authors: Li Wu‐Di , Ke Kai , Jia Jin , Pu Jun‐Hong , Zhao Xing , Bao Rui‐Ying , Liu Zheng‐Ying , Bai Lu , Zhang Kai , Yang Ming‐Bo , Yang Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultiresponsive flexile sensors with strain, temperature, humidity, and other sensing abilities serving as real electronic skin (e‐skin) have manifested great application potential in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Although numerous flexible sensors with sole sensing function have already been reported since the concept of e‐skin, that mimics the sensing features of human skin, was proposed about a decade ago, the ones with more sensing capacities as new emergences are urgently demanded. However, highly integrated and highly sensitive flexible sensors with multiresponsive functions are becoming a big thrust for the detection of human body motions, physiological signals (e.g., skin temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiograms (ECG), electromyograms (EMG), sweat, etc.) and environmental stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic field, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), which are vital to real‐time and all‐round human health monitoring and management. Herein, this review summarizes the design, manufacturing, and application of multiresponsive flexible sensors and presents the future challenges of fabricating these sensors for the next‐generation e‐skin and wearable electronics.
Block‐Copolymers Enable Direct Reduction and Structuration of Noble Metal‐Based Films
Authors: Gayrard Maxime , Chancerel Francois , De Marco Maria Letizia , Naumenko Denys , Boissière Cédric , Rozes Laurence , Amenitsch Heinz , Peron Jennifer , Cattoni Andrea , Faustini Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNoble metal nanostructured films are of great interest for various applications including electronics, photonics, catalysis, and photocatalysis. Yet, structuring and patterning noble metals, especially those of the platinum group, is challenging by conventional nanofabrication. Herein, an approach based on solution processing to obtain metal‐based films (rhodium, ruthenium (Ru) or iridium in the presence of residual organic species) with nanostructuration at the 20 nm‐scale is introduced. Compared to existing approaches, the dual functionality of block‐copolymers acting both as structuring and as reducing agent under inert atmosphere is exploited. A set of in situ techniques has allowed for the capturing of the carbothermal reduction mechanism occurring at the hybrid organic/inorganic interface. Differently from previous literature, a two‐step reduction mechanism is unveiled with the formation of a carbonyl intermediate. From a technological point of view, the materials can be solution‐processed on a large scale by dip‐coating as polymers and simultaneously structured and reduced into metals without requiring expensive equipment or treatments in reducing atmosphere. Importantly, the metal‐based films can be patterned directly by block‐copolymer lithography or by soft‐nanoimprint lithography on various substrates. As proof‐of‐concept of application, the authors demonstrate that nanostructured Ru films can be used as efficient catalysts for H2 generation into microfluidic reactors.
Carrier‐Free Delivery of Ultrasmall π‐Conjugated Oligomer Nanoparticles with Photothermal Conversion over 80% for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Zheng Rijie , Zhao Qi , Qing Weixia , Li Shengliang , Liu Zhonghua , Li Qianqian , Huang Yongwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance photothermal theranostics is urgently desired for cancer therapy because of their good controllability and noninvasive features. The relatively low photothermal conversion efficiency is still at the drawbacks because of the absence of efficient extraneous carriers. Herein, a carrier‐free nanomedicine is developed to in vivo self‐deliver organic photothermal agents for efficient cancer phototheranostics. By a facile self‐assembly strategy, the near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing conjugated oligomer IDIC‐4F is fabricated into a carrier‐free nanoparticle (DCF‐P), showing ultrasmall size of nearly 4.0 nm with a nearly 100% of drug loading capacity. Notably, DCF‐P achieves a superhigh photothermal conversion efficiency of 80.5% that is far greater than that of IDIC‐4F‐loaded nanomicelle DCF‐M (57.3%). With the guidance of NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic dual‐imaging, it is verified that DCF‐P could well achieve tumor‐preferential accumulation and retention at 4 h postinjection, and meanwhile shows highly efficient in vivo tumor elimination with good biosafety. This study thus contributes a novel concept for designing ultrasmall nanoparticle characteristics of preferential accumulation in tumors, and also provides a strategy for creating high‐performance carrier‐free nanomedicine via highly ordered molecular stacking.
A Multiscale Strategy to Construct Cobalt Nanoparticles Confined within Hierarchical Carbon Nanofibers for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Xie Laiyong , Yu Xinyao , Wang Siyu , Wei Shaomin , Hu Qi , Chai Xiaoyan , Ren Xiangzhong , Yang Hengpan , He Chuanxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe efficiency of CO2 electroreduction has been largely limited by the activity of the catalysts as well as the three‐phase interface. Herein, a multiscale strategy is proposed to synthesize hierarchical nanofibers covered by carbon nanotubes and embedded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co/CNT/HCNF). The confinement effect of carbon nanotubes can restrict the diameter of the cobalt particles down to several nanometers and prevent the easy corrosion of these nanoparticles. The three‐dimensional carbon nanofibers, in size range of several hundred nanometers, improve the electrochemically active surface area, facilitate electron transfer, and accelerate CO2 transportation. These cross‐linked carbon nanofibers eventually form a freestanding Co/CNT/HCNF membrane of dozens of square centimeters. Consequently, Co/CNT/HCNF produces CO with 97% faradaic efficiency at only −0.4 VRHE cathode potential in an H‐type cell. From the regulation of catalyst nanostructure to the design of macrography devices, Co/CNT/HCNF membrane can be directly used as the gas‐diffusion compartment in a flow cell device. Co/CNT/HCNF membrane generates CO with faradaic efficiencies higher than 90% and partial current densities greater than 300 mA cm−2 for at least 100‐h stability. This strategy provides a successful example of efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction and also has the feasibility in other self‐standing energy conversion devices.