bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a multivariable prediction model using Machine Learning to predict the outcome of admitted COVID-19 patients at the time of admission (AICOVID)
Authors: Kar Sujoy , Chawla Rajesh , Haranath Sai Praveen , Ramasubban Suresh , Ramakrishnan Nagarjan , Vaishya Raju , Sibal Anupam , Reddy Sangita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), early identification of patients with a high risk of mortality can significantly improve triage, bed allocation, timely management, and possibly, outcome. The study objective is to develop and validate individualized mortality risk scores based on the anonymized clinical and laboratory data at admission and determine the probability of Deaths at 7 and 28 days. Methods:Data of 1393 admitted patients (Expired – 8.54%) was collected from six Apollo Hospital centers (from April to July 2020) using a standardized template and electronic medical records. Over 50 Clinical and Laboratory parameters were studied based on the patient’s initial clinical state at admission and laboratory parameters within the first 24 hours. The Machine Learning (ML) modelling was performed using Gradient Boosting Algorithm. ‘Time to event’ using Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used and combined with Gradient Boosting Algorithm. The prospective validation cohort was selected of 977 patients (Expired - 8.3%) from six centers from July to October 2020. The Clinical API for the Algorithm is http://20.44.39.47/covid19v2/page1.php being used prospectively. Results:Out of the 63 clinical and laboratory parameters, Age [Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR)– 2.31; 95%CI 1.52 – 3.53], Male Gender [HR–1.72, 95%CI 1.06 – 2.85], Respiratory Distress [HR–1.79, 95%CI 1.32 – 2.53], Diabetes Mellitus [HR – 1.21, 95%CI 0.83 – 1.77], Chronic Kidney Disease [HR– 3.04, 95%CI 1.72 – 5.38], Coronary Artery Disease [HR– 1.56, 95%CI – 0.91 – 2.69}, Respiratory Rate >24/min [HR–1.54, 95%CI 1.03 – 2.3], Oxygen Saturation below 90% [HR–2.84, 95%CI 1.87 – 4.3], Lymphocyte% in DLC [HR– 1.99, 95%CI 1.23 – 2.32], INR [HR–1.71, 95%CI 1.31 – 2.13], LDH [HR–4.02, 95%CI 2.66 – 6.07 ] and Ferritin [HR–2.48, 95%CI 1.32 – 4.74 ] were found to be significant. The performance parameters of the current model is at AUC ROC Score of 0.8685 and Accuracy Score of 96.89. The validation cohort had the AUC of 0.782 and Accuracy of 0.93. Conclusion:The model for Mortality Risk Prediction provides insight into the COVID Clinical and Laboratory Parameters at admission. It is one of the early studies, reflecting on ‘time to event’ at the admission, accurately predicting patient outcomes.
Electrochemical detection of cholesterol in a buffer solution with a glassy carbon electrode doctored by ZnO/SnO2/RuO2 nanomaterials
Authors: Alam Md Mahmud , Uddin M.T. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Islam M.A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This electrochemical study performed to develop a cholesterol sensor using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) coating with ternary low-dimensional ZnO/SnO2/RuO2 nanomaterials (NMs). The ZnO/SnO2/RuO2 NMs characterized using FESEM, XPS, EDS and XRD analysis. The desired cholesterol sensor fabricated by coating a GCE with ZnO/SnO2/RuO2 NMs as a film of the thin-layer using suspension of ethanol with 5% Nafion binder, which performed to the analysis of cholesterol electrochemically in the phosphate buffer phase. The resulted electrochemical responses have exhibited the linearity from 0.1nM ~ 0.01mM of cholesterol in current versus concentration plot, which defined as a calibration curve of this sensor development. The linear concentration (0.1nM ~ 0.01mM) of cholesterol corresponding with the current response is known as the dynamic range (LDR) for detection of target analyte. The sensitivity is calculated from the slope of calibration-curve found as 11.3513 µAµM− 1cm− 2. The lower limit of detection (91.42 ± 4.57 pM) is obtained from signal/noise (S/N = 3) at 3. In the real-samples detection process, the fabricated cholesterol sensor is exhibited good reproducibility, fast response time and ability to perform in long-duration of sensor elapse time. In the end, this method is shown the reliable detection of cholesterol in the buffer phase and would be very perspective in the recent future in-term of a simple as well as reliable technique in the field of pathological diagnosis.
Whey protein preloading can alleviate stress adaptation disorder and improve hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Feng Yan , Wang Yuping , Feng Qi , Song Xinna , Wang Lanlan , Sun Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
AimTo investigate the change of stress hormones, oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after supplement whey protein, in an attempt to gain insights into the prevention and treatment of GDM.Methods60 GDM women were recruited in this study, and 30 women receive a preload drink containing 25 g whey protein as group GDM-W, and the other 30 women receive control flavoring drink as group GDM, and the trial last for 14 days. Plasma epinephrine (E), noradrenaline (NE), and cortisol were detected, we also investigate levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Homeostasismodel assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assesse IR.ResultsIn GDM-W group, postprandial blood glucose was decreased significantly on 3d, 5d, 7d and 14d (p < 0.05), plasma 2h insulin was increased by 7.2%, 8.6% and 20.5% on days 5, 7 and 14 (p < 0.05). HOMA-IR was decreased significantly on days 14 (P < 0.01). MDA was increased by 20.7% on days 14 (P < 0.01), and anti-oxidative enzymes SOD was increased by 13.4% on days 14 (P < 0.01) and GSH was increased by 16.7% and 29.1% on days 7 and 14 (both P < 0.05). Stress hormones E and cortisol were decreased by 10.8% and 19.8% respectively on days 14 (p < 0.05).ConclusionWhey protein supplementation may improve hyperglycemia by alleviate stress disorder and oxidative stress injury in GDM women.This trial was registered at chictr.org.cn/ as ChiCTR1800020413.
Theoretical Study of Cellulose II Nanocrystals with Different Exposed Facets
Authors: Leng Can , Li Kenli , Tian Zean , Si Yubing , Huang Huang , Li Junfeng , Liu Jie , Huang Wei-Qing , Li Keqin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Derived from the most abundant natural polymer, cellulose nanocrystal materials have attracted attention in recent decades due to their chemical and mechanical properties. However, still unclear is the influence of different exposed facets of the cellulose nanocrystals on the physicochemical properties. Herein, we first design cellulose II nanocrystals with different exposed facets, the hydroxymethyl conformations distribution, hydrogen bond (HB) analysis, as well as the relative structural stability of these models (including crystal facets {A, B, O} and Type-A models vary in size) are theoretically investigated. The results reveal that the HB network of terminal anhydroglucose depends on the adjacent chain’s contact sites in nanocrystals exposed with different facets. Compared to nanocrystals exposed with inclined facet, these exposed with flat facet tend to be the most stable. Therefore, the strategy of tuning exposed crystal facets will guide the design of novel cellulose nanocrystals with various physicochemical properties.
Dynamics of human-induced lakes and their impact on land surface temperature in Toshka Depression, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Samra Rasha Abou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Land surface temperature (LST) is a significant environmental variable that is appreciably influenced by land use /land cover changes. The main goal of this research was to quantify the impacts of land use/land cover change (LULC) from the drying of Toshka Lakes on LST by remote sensing and GIS techniques. Landsat series TM and OLI satellite images were used to estimate LST from 2001 to 2019. Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) was applied to extract water bodies from the research area. Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI) was utilized to predict the reclaimed land in the Toshka region until 2019. The results indicated a decrease in the lakes by about 1517.79 km2 with an average increase in LST by about 25.02 °C between 2001 and 2019. It was observed that the dried areas of the lakes were converted to bare soil and are covered by salt crusts. The results indicated that the land use change was a significant driver for the increased LST. The mean annual LST increased considerably by 0.6 °C/y between 2001 and 2019. A strong negative correlation between LST and Toshka Lakes area (R-square = 0.98) estimated from regression analysis implied that Toshka Lakes drying considerably affected the microclimate of the study area. Severe drought conditions, soil degradation, and many environmental issues were predicted due to the rise of LST in the research area. There is an urgent need to develop favorable strategies for sustainable environmental management in the Toshka region.
Selection of Surgical Approach for Cerebellar Hemangioblastomas Based on Venous Drainage Patterns
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Suematsu Yuuki , Saitou Kiyotaka , Takeishi Go , Yamashita Shinji , Ohta Hajime , Yokogami Kiyotaka , Takeshima Hideo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cerebellar hemangioblastomas remain surgically challenging because of the narrow, deep surgical corridors and tumor hypervascularity. Various surgical approaches are used according to the location, but optimal approaches have not been established. We propose a system of surgical approaches based on the venous drainage systems to facilitate surgical planning and achieve acceptable neurological outcomes. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas were divided into fivefour types based on the main drainage systems: suboccipital hemangioblastomas draining to the transverse sinus (TS) or torcular, tentorial hemangioblastomas draining to the tentorial and straight sinus, petrosal hemangioblastomas draining to the superior petrosal sinus (SPS),, and quadrigeminal hemangioblastomas draining to the galenic system, and tonsillar hemangioblastomas draining to the TS or torcular in conjunction with jugular bulb or SPS. Microsurgical approaches and patient outcome were retrospectively reviewed according to this classification. This study included 17 patients who underwent 21 operations for resection of 19 cerebellar hemangioblastomas, classified into 911 suboccipital, 4 tentorial, 2 petrosal, and 2 quadrigeminal, and 2 tonsillar. Standard suboccipital craniotomies were utilized for suboccipital hemangioblastomas, the occipital transtentorial approach (OTA) and supracerebellar infratentorial approach for tentorial hemangioblastomas, the retrosigmoid approach for petrosal hemangioblastomas, and OTA for quadrigeminal hemangioblastomas, and midline suboccipital approach for tonsillar hemangioblastomashemangioblastomass. Gross total resection was achieved in all patients except one. Two patients with large hemangioblastomas (tonsillarsuboccipital and quadrigeminal) required second-stage operation which finally achieved gross total removal. No single approach had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative neurological deficits. Selection of the optimum surgical approach for cerebellar hemangioblastomas was successful based on the main drainage systems. Understanding of tumor growth and extension with respect to the venous drainage system is critical to select the appropriate surgical approach.
The Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus on infection regulates the sugar and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolic pathways in Jatropha
Authors: More Prashant , Agarwal Parinita , Agarwal Pradeep K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Jatropha, a popular biodiesel crop, suffers severe losses due to Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV) infection in Gujarat (India). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of healthy and infected tissue revealed that the metabolites like sugars, polyols, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, and amino acids were regulated on JLCuGV infection. The sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) increased, while carboxylic acids (malic acid, citric acid and quinic acid) and polyols (galactinol, butanetriol, triethylene glycol, myo-inositol, erythritol) decreased remarkably in infected Jatropha tissue. The increased accumulation of polyphenols in JLCuGV infected tissue suggests activation and involvement of polyphenol biosynthesis pathways as a defence response to geminivirus. All these metabolic variations indicated that sugar metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways are regulated as a defence response as well as a disease development response to geminivirus infection in Jatropha.
Evaluation of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) resistance in glumes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in multiple field environments and the genetic relationship with foliar disease response
Authors: Francki Michael , Walker Esther , McMullan Christopher J. , Morris W. George 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is a necrotrophic disease of wheat prominent in some parts of the world, including Western Australia (WA) causing significant losses in grain yield. The genetic mechanisms for resistance are complex involving multiple quantitative trait loci. In order to decipher comparable or independent regulation, this study identified the genetic control for glume compared to foliar resistance across four environments in WA against 37 different isolates. High proportion of the phenotypic variation across environments was contributed by genotype (84.0% for glume response and 82.7% for foliar response) with genotype-by-environment interactions accounting for a proportion of the variation for both glume and foliar response (14.7% and 16.2%, respectively). Despite high phenotypic correlation across environments, most of the eight and 14 QTL detected for glume and foliar resistance, respectively, were identified as environment-specific. QTL for glume and foliar resistance neither co-located nor were in LD in any particular environment indicating autonomous genetic mechanisms control SNB response in adult plants, regulated by independent biological mechanisms and influenced by significant genotype-by-isolate-by environment interactions. Known Snn and Tsn loci and QTL were compared with 22 environment-specific QTL. None of the eight QTL for glume or the 14 for foliar response were co-located or in linkage disequilibrium with Snn and only one foliar QTL was in LD with Tsn loci on the physical map. Therefore, known NE-Snn interactions are of limited relevance to glume and foliar SNB response in WA environments and other biological mechanisms are likely to prevail for host resistance and susceptibility.
A Transaldolase From Aquilaria Sinensis Involves in Aba-mediated Seed Germination and Root Growth
Authors: Rong Yuqing , Li Tiezheng , Liu Xiao , Shi Shepo , Wang Xiaohui , Tu pengfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transaldolase, the key enzyme of the pentose-phosphate pathway, plays an important role in plant growth and defense. Seed germination is a key factor that influences the cultivation of Aquilaria sinensis, the plant source of agarwood, which is widely used as a traditional medicine, perfume and incenses. However, little is known about the function of transaldolase in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated seed germination. In the present study, the full-length AsTal1 gene was isolated and characterized from A. sinensis calli. Sublocalization analysis indicated that AsTal1 was localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, phenotypic analysis indicated that AsTal1-overexpressing Nicotiana benthamiana (OE) plants were less sensitive to ABA during seed germination and root growth than wild-type (WT) plants. Overexpression of AsTal1 regulated the expression of genes involved in ABA metabolism, biosynthesis and signal transduction under ABA treatment. In addition, expression of NbRbohA and NbRbohB was inhibited in the overexpression lines, whereas the abundance and activities of the antioxidative enzymes SOD, APX, and POD were higher in the transgenic plants than in the WT lines after ABA treatment. Taken together, our results indicated that AsTal1 is involved in the ABA response during seed germination and root growth by regulating the expression of genes involved in the ABA signaling pathway and the enzymes responsive to ROS.
Mass Drug Administration Interruption by COVID-19 reportedly increases lymphatic filarial attacks, pains, and perceived increased lymphatic filarial infection transmission in rural Ghana
Authors: Kwarteng Alexander , Arthur Yarhands Dissou , Asiedu Samuel Opoku , Yamba John Kanyiri , Amewu Emmanuel Kobla , Kwarteng Efiba Vidda Senkyire , Ahuno Samuel Terkper 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLike all other diseases, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has been implicated to impact the elimination schedule and control of neglected tropical diseases such as human lymphatic filarial (LF) infections in endemic countries. However, it is unclear the extent to which delays in mass drug administration has affected people living with chronic lymphatic filarial pathology in rural Ghana as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and thus remain to be investigated. MethodTo address this, a cross-sectional study where 133 LF participants from 8 LF-endemic communities in the Ahanta West District of Ghana were recruited to assess the impact of MDA interruptions as a result of COVID-19 among individuals presenting with the filarial pathology. Here, the chi-square test of independence was used as a statistical tool to assess the dependency: 1) between MDA interruption and filarial attacks 2) between MDA interruption and filarial-related pains 3) between MDA interruption and a perceived increase in LF transmission.ResultsStudy participants were asked whether the MDA interruption has affected them in any way. Here, 81% of the patients indicated yes, it had. In addition, we sought to investigate whether MDA interruption has resulted in increased filarial attacks and pains. At this, 68% of the study respondents reported an increase in filarial attacks. Similarly, 65% reported an increase in filarial-related pains. The study further reported that filarial attacks (B=14.997, df=1, p-value <0.001) and pains (a=11.773, df=1, p-value <0.001) are dependent on MDA interruption. Next, we further report that the perceived increase in LF transmission is dependent on MDA interruption (c=9.415, df=1, p-value=0.002). ConclusionIn this study, MDA interruption is reported to increase filarial attacks, filarial-related pains, and a perceived LF transmission increase in the study communities. This study's findings are important and urgent, suggesting that sustained MDA interruption in LF-endemic communities could further worsen LF patients' plight as filarial attacks, pains, and transmission could increase. Therefore, the need to immediately identify alternative modes of MDA distribution in LF-endemic areas where mass treatment has been halted in the wake of COVID-19 to prevent an unwarranted surge in LF attacks, pains, and transmission.
SCD leads to the development and progression of acute myocardial infarction through the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Lijie , Yu Fengxia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is myocardial necrosis caused by acute coronary ischemia and hypoxia. It can be complicated by arrhythmia, shock, heart failure and other symptoms that can be life-threatening. We constructed a multi-regulator driven dysfunction module for AMI. It is intended to explore the pathogenesis and functional pathways regulation of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Combining differential expression analysis, co-expression analysis, and the functional enrichment analysis, we obtained a set of expression disorder modules related to AMI. Hypergeometric test was performed to calculate the potential regulatory effects of multiple factors on the module, identifying a range of non-coding RNA and transcription factors. Results: We obtained 4551 differentially expressed genes for AMI and seven co-expression modules. These modules are primarily involved in the metabolic processes of prostaglandin transport processes, regulating DNA recombination and AMPK signal transduction. Based on this set of functional modules, we revealed 3 of 24 transcription factors (TFs) including NFKB1, MECP2 and SIRT1, 3 of 782 non-coding RNA including miR-519D-3P, TUG1 and miR-93-5p were obtained. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the progression of AMI disease. Through the AMPK signal transduction, the critical gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) can lead to the occurrence and development of AMI. Conclusions: In this study, we used a dysfunction module to explore the pathogenesis of multifactorial mediated AMI and provided new methods and ideas for subsequent research. It helps researchers to have a deeper understanding of its potential pathogenesis. The conclusion provides a theoretical basis for biologists to design further experiments related to AMI.Trial registration: All analyses were based on previous study, thus no ethical approval and patient consent are required. The dataset of GSE48060 is from GEO and the accession number is PRJNA208840.
Ten-Year Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Disease and its Association with Metabolic Risk Factors Among Waste Pickers in South Africa
Authors: Made Felix , Nonterah Engelbert A , Tlotleng Nonhlanhla , Ntlebi Vusi , Naicker Nisha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Several metabolic risk factors contribute to the development of CVD. Informal workers such as waste pickers could be unhealthy lifestyle naive, and most public health research on CVD does not include this understudied population. This study estimated the 10-year risk of fatal CVD and its association with metabolic risk factors in an understudied study population of waste pickers in Johannesburg, South Africa. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among waste pickers in two landfill sites in Johannesburg. We used the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk charts to estimate the 10-year risk of fatal CVD. We then employed ordinary least squares regression to assess the association between the 10-year risk of fatal CVD with metabolic risk factors. Other variables adjusted in the regression model were HIV status, education, income, injuries from work, clinic visits in the previous 12 months, and alcohol consumption. ResultsA total of 370 waste pickers were included in this analysis, 265 (73.41%) were males. The mean age of the participants was 34 years. The majority were between the age of 20 and 39 years. More than 55% of the waste pickers did not visit a clinic in the previous 12 months, and 68.57% were smoking. The 10-year survival probability from CVD was more than 99% for both males and females. Waste pickers who were overweight/obese, hypertensive, or with an elevated blood glucose level had high statistically significant mean percentages of the 10-year risk of fatal CVD compared to those who did not have the metabolic risk factors. Conclusions Prevention of 10-year risk of fatal CVD in this understudied population of waste pickers should target the control of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Health awareness and education for waste pickers will be an important step in reducing the burden of these metabolic risk factors. We further recommend that health systems should recognize waste pickers as a high-risk group and consider extensive CVDs surveillance.