bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where is the nerve? Review of operation note documentation practice for inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Farquharson BJ , Sivarajah V , Mahdi S , Bergman H , Jeyarajah S 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Careful identification and management of inguinal nerves during inguinal hernia repair is important to avoid iatrogenic injury. Documentation of this practice may inform postoperative clinical management. We set out to investigate how often surgeons identify inguinal nerves and document findings and management in their operation notes. Methods We carried out a retrospective review of operation notes at a single district general hospital. We analysed operation notes for documentation of identification and intraoperative management (preservation or sacrifice) of the inguinal nerves (iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve). We collected data on the baseline characteristics of the patients, hernia characteristics and primary operating surgeons for subgroup analysis. Results A total of 100 patients were included in the analysis. Identification of any inguinal nerves (generic ‘nerve’) was documented in 17% of operation notes. Documentation in the operation notes of named individual nerves was limited. No documentation of intraoperative management of inguinal nerves was found in 83% of operation notes. Preservation of the inguinal nerves (generic ‘nerve’) was recorded in 8% and sacrifice recorded in 9% of cases. Subgroup analysis revealed similar incidence of documentation of identification and management of inguinal nerves across grades of primary surgeon, with overall incidence low for all grades. Conclusion This study reveals a lack of appreciation of the importance of documenting identification and management of inguinal nerves in operation notes. Further consideration of the potential implications of poor documentation would be beneficial to improve standards.
Combined transabdominal–transanal surgical approach for iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula: two case reports
Authors: Wang P , Tong W , Wang Q 
Published: August 2021

Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is a type of anastomotic leakage that may occur after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. The repair of RVF can be challenging because of the scar tissue stenosis and incomplete obstruction. Two patients presented in our department with vaginal faecal discharge almost 7 months after the radical resection of rectal cancer. On vaginal examination, titanium nails related to the rectal surgery were found in the vaginal wall. The patients were diagnosed with RVF. Considering that RVF positions in the patients were high and might adhere to the pelvic tissue, a combined transabdominal–transanal resection and vaginal repair surgery was performed. About 3 months after surgery, both patients underwent colonic closure surgery, with consequent good recovery. A combined transabdominal–transanal approach may provide distinct advantages in surgical repair of difficult cases of RVF.
The role of LigaSure™ and Harmonic Scalpel in the preservation of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy
Authors: Spartalis E , Giannakodimos A , Giannakodimos I , Ziogou A , Papasilekas T , Patelis N , Schizas D , Troupis T 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Transient or permanent damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroidectomy is of paramount importance for patient quality of life. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature concerning the role of the most popular energy-based vessel-sealing devices (LigaSure™ (LS) and Harmonic Scalpel (HS)) in preservation of the RLN during thyroidectomy. The safety and inferiority or superiority of LS and HS compared with conventional haemostatic techniques are highlighted. Methods A systematic search of the literature was performed. Clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies that significantly compared the use of LS and HS with conventional haemostasis regarding the postoperative incidence of RLN palsy were included. Findings The search resulted in 43 studies, including 17,953 patients treated using energy-based devices or conventional haemostatic methods. Concerning the incidence of RLN palsy, 40 studies showed no significant difference between the energy-based device and conventional groups, whereas two studies demonstrated a significant superiority in performance for LS and HS compared with conventional haemostasis. Only one study exhibited significant inferiority of LS and HS compared with conventional methods. No statistical relationship was observed between energy-based devices and conventional techniques regarding permanent damage to the RLN. Conclusion The performance of both LS and HS shows no inferiority compared with conventional haemostatic techniques, regarding damage to the laryngeal nerve. Further well-designed studies are needed to investigate their potential benefit in preservation of the RLN.
Die Partikel allein. Klassifizierungs- und Bedeutungsprobleme
Authors: Brauße Ursula 
Published: August 2021

Allein hat auf den ersten Blick die drei gleichen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten wie nur: eine restriktive, eine bewertend, graduierend oder skalar genannte, und eine adversative. (Nur hat zusätzlich eine vierte Verwendung als Modalpartikel, die allein nicht hat). Diese Auffächerung des Bedeutungsspektrums genuin restriktiver Partikeln ist keine nur einzelsprachliche Erscheinung, sie wurde auch in anderen Sprachen nachgewiesen (vgl. engl. only).
Ein näherer Vergleich der Verwendungsweisen von allein mit denen von nur zeigt jedoch Differenzen verschiedener Art:
1.	Allein hat grundsätzlich weniger Möglichkeiten der syntaktischen Variabilität als nur.
2.	Auch die semantische Variantenbildung ist eingeschränkter. Die restriktive und die adversative Bedeutung von allein werden als veraltend bezeichnet. Die evaluative Bedeutung von allein ist von anderer Art als die skalare Bedeutung von nur.
Ausblick: Die vom Mannheimer Korpus dokumentierte heutige Verwendung von allein lässt die Vermutung zu, dass z. Z. eine Aufteilung der semantischen Funktionen zwischen nur und allein stattfindet. Das sehr große Übergewicht des Vorkommens liegt in neueren Korpora auf allein évaluatif. Diese Bedeutung hat keine Entsprechung bei nur. Die restriktive und adversative Funktion dagegen wird heute überwiegend durch nur wahrgenommen, bei allein sind diese Funktionen im Verschwinden begriffen.
Allein has the same types of use like nur on first sight: one restrictive, one evaluative, one grading or scalar and one adversative. (Nur has one fourth type additionally, the use as a modal particle, which allein doesn't have.) This faning of meanings of genuine restrictive particles is not only typical for one language, but is also proved for only.
As one result of comparison of allein and nur there are some differences:
1.	Allein is syntactically not as flexible as nur.
2.	There are not so much semantic variants of allein then of nur.The restrictive and the adversative meaning of allein is archaic. The evaluative meaning of allein ist different from the scalar meaning of nur.
Outlook: The nowadays appearances types of nur and allein like found in Mannheimer corpus allows to suppose that there is a sharing of semantic functions between nur and allein. Allein évaluatif has the priority in newest corpora. This meaning is not typical for nur. The restrictive and the adversative functions are carried by nur, whereas allein lost this functions.
Towards a shared understanding of sustainability for neglected tropical disease programs
Authors: Glenn Jeffrey , Adams Aparna Barua , Sankar Girija , Henry Carolyn , Palacio Karen , Thuo Wangeci , Williams Katherine 
Published: August 2021

Background
Sustainability within neglected tropical disease (NTD) programs is a complex and challenging issue. The need for a shared understanding about what sustainability means for NTD programs is more important than ever as stakeholders are currently realigning for the next decade of NTD programming with the launch of WHO’s new NTD roadmap for 2012–2030. The aim of this paper is to assess different perspectives to generate a working definition of sustainability for NTD programs.

Methodology/Principal findings
This study surveyed affiliates of the NTD NGO Network (NNN) about their definitions of sustainability and then analyzed the data using an inductive and deductive process. The research team drafted a sustainability statement based on the survey findings and then solicited and incorporated feedback on the statement from a diverse group of expert reviewers. The final statement includes a working definition of sustainability for NTD programs that highlights three key essential components to sustainability: domestic commitment, responsive resource mobilization, and accountability.

Conclusions/Significance
This research resulted in a sustainability statement, based on a survey and extensive consultation with stakeholders, that represents a starting point for shared understanding around the concept of sustainability for NTD programs. Future collaborative work should build off this definition and seek to incorporate indicators for sustainability into programmatic decision-making.
Innovative tracking, active search and follow-up strategies for new leprosy cases in the female prison population
Authors: Silva Claudia Maria Lincoln , Bernardes Filho Fred , Voltan Glauber , Santana Jaci Maria , Leite Marcel Nani , Lima Filipe Rocha , Santana Luisiane de Avila , de Paula Natália Aparecida , Onofre Patricia Toscano Barreto Nogueira , Marques-Junior Wilson , Tomaz Vanessa Aparecida , Pinese Carmem Sílvia Vilela , Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani 
Published: August 2021

Background
Regarding the leprosy transmission through the upper airways, overcrowded locations such as prisons can become a risk to get sick. Like the leprosy hidden endemic demonstrated in male prison population, being interesting to assess the leprosy scene also among confined women.

Methods
A prospective descriptive study conducted at Female Penitentiary, Brazil. Leprosy Suspicion Questionnaire (LSQ) were applied to the participants, and submitted to specialized dermatoneurological exam, peripheral nerve ultrasonography, and anti-PGL-I serology.

Findings
404 female inmates were evaluated, 14 new cases were diagnosed (LG-leprosy group), a new case detection rate (NCDR) of 3.4%, 13 multibacillary, while another 390 constituted the Non-Leprosy group (NLG). Leprosy cases were followed up during multidrug therapy with clinical improvement. The confinement time median was 31 months in LG, similar to NLG, less than the time of leprosy incubation. Regarding LSQ, the neurological symptoms reached the highest x2 values as Q1–numbness (5.6), Q3–anesthetizes areas in the skin (7.5), Q5–Stinging sensation (5.8), and Q7–pain in the nerves (34.7), while Q4-spots on the skin was 4.94. When more than one question were marked in the LSQ means a 12.8-fold higher to have the disease than a subject who marked only one or none. The high 34% rate of anti-PGL-I seropositivity in the penitentiary, higher levels in LG than NLG. Three additional leprosy cases each were diagnosed on the second (n = 66) and third (n = 14) reevaluations 18 and 36 months after the initial one. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments demonstrated lower limbs (32.2%) more affected than the upper limbs (25%) with improvement during the follow-up.

Interpretation
The NCDR in this population showed an hidden endemic of leprosy as well as the efficacy of a search action on the part of a specialized team with the aid of the LSQ and anti-PGL-I serology as an auxiliary tracking tools.
The “changing actor” and the transformation of landscapes
Authors: Lefebvre Olivier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A landscape is defined as a place which is remarkable because of one of these criteria (or several): esthetics, harmony with a habitus (quality of life), and environment. Also, groups support projects concerning this place. There is a “logical duel” to decide how to format the landscape. The paper focuses on the play of actors, in this context. There are a few theories in social sciences to describe the “changing actor” (how an actor changes his mind). In particular, we refer to the notions from the Latour’s sociology of networks, selection, translation, and role of actants. There is a “pressure” on landscapes to transform them in accordance with the needs of the Global Monopoly (defined as a model which is imitated worldwide). But it occurs that the outcome of a “logical duel” is not the formatting of a landscape in accordance with the pressure. It is explained by the “changing actor” and the success of some translation.
Concept of and approaches toward a developmental prevention of radicalization: Promising strategies to keep young people away from political, religious, and other forms of extremism
Authors: Beelmann Andreas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Radicalization and violent extremism in young people are growing problems in almost every society around the globe. This article starts by briefly summarizing the result of several comprehensive reviews on the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism. Based on a new social-developmental model of radicalization, it then introduces the concept of developmental prevention and presents a review of prevention principles, approaches, and programs derived from a developmental perspective within four different fields of proximal radicalization processes. These include (1) identity problems; (2) prejudice and negative intergroup attitudes; (3) extremist narratives, beliefs, and ideologies; and (4) antisocial development. Overall, several approaches and programs reveal promising effect sizes for a developmentally founded prevention of radicalization. However, more sound evaluations are needed to further promote this field.
The role of kisspeptin and MKRN3 in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls
Authors: Li Mei , Chen Yanfei , Liao Binrong , Tang Jing , Zhong Jingzi , Lan Dan 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To evaluate the characteristics and significance of serum kisspeptin and makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) levels for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls.

Method
Thirty four individuals with CPP, 17 individuals with premature thelarche (PT), and 28 age-matched prepubertal girls as normal control (NC) were recruited in this case–control study. Physical measurements included BMI and tests for breast, bone, and sexual characteristics. Biochemical measurements included serum LH, FSH, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor-1, MKRN3, and kisspeptin. Blood samples were taken from individuals with CPP and PT before the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation test and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after injection with triptorelin.

Results
Serum kisspeptin levels were higher in the CPP group when compared to the NC group (P = 0.020), while serum MKRN3 levels were lower in the two groups (P = 0.028). There were no significant differences between the CPP and PT groups as well as the PT and NC groups (all, P > 0.05). The cut-off value of serum kisspeptin differentiating patients with CPP from those without CPP was 0.40 nmol/L, with 82.4% sensitivity and 57.1% specificity, while the cut-off value of serum MKRN3 was 0.33 pmol/L, with 79.4% sensitivity and 53.6% specificity. The area under the curves (AUCs) of both kisspeptin and MKRN3 for differentiating those girls with CPP from PT were less than 0.5.

Conclusions
Serum levels of kisspeptin and MKRN3 may play an auxiliary role in predicting CPP. However, the two measurements were not able to differentiate girls with CPP from PT and prepubertal control. This study emphasizes the need to search for markers to simplify the accurate diagnosis of CPP in girls.
The Prevalence of Alcohol-Impaired Driving in Edmonton, Alberta: 1991 – 2009
Authors: Nurullah Abu Sadat 
Published: August 2021

This study explores the changes in alcohol-impaired driving among a representative sample of Edmontonians from 1991 to 2009. Based on self-report data from the annual Alberta Surveys of 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2009, this study also traces the shift in the impact of standard demographic factors on alcohol-impaired driving in Edmonton, Alberta. Findings show that self-reported alcohol-impaired driving has decreased substantially over the years (10.6% in 1991, 8.4% in 1992, 7.2% in 1997, and 3.7% in 2009). However, there have been little changes in designated driving. In addition, there have been a shift in age-related impaired driving, i.e., people aged 55-65+ report impaired driving more in 2009 (4.8%) compared to 1991 (2.0%) and 1992 (2.2%); while individuals aged 18-34 and 35-54 report impaired driving less in 2009 (4.8% and 2.6%, respectively) compared to 1991 (12.7% and 13.0%, respectively). Logistic regression analyses indicate that gender is a significant predictor of alcohol-impaired driving in 1991 (OR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.52–7.16), but not in 2009. However, the interaction between age and gender is not significant. The policy implications of the findings are discussed. Cette étude porte sur les changements dans la conduite affaiblie par l’alcool chez un échantillon représentatif de résidents d’Edmonton entre 1991 et 2009. Fondée sur des déclarations fournies par les automobilistes à l’occasion d’enquêtes annuelles menées en Alberta en 1991, 1992, 1997 et 2009, l’étude décrit aussi des fluctuations dans la portée de facteurs démographiques standard sur la conduite avec facultés affaiblies par l’alcool à Edmonton (Alberta). Les conclusions démontrent une diminution considérable des déclarations de conduite avec facultés affaiblies par l’alcool sur plusieurs années (10,6% en 1991, 8,4% en 1992, 7,2% en 1997, et 3,7% en 2009). Néanmoins, peu de changements ont été observés dans le recours aux conducteurs désignés. En outre, la fréquence de la conduite avec facultés affaiblies a connu des variations dans les différents groupes d’âge. Par exemple, les personnes âgées de 55 ans et plus ont plus souvent déclaré avoir conduit avec des facultés affaiblies en 2009 (4,8%) qu’en 1991 (2,0%) et en 1992 (2,2%), tandis que les personnes âgées de 18 à 34 ans et de 35 à 54 ans ont déclaré moins souvent avoir conduit avec les facultés affaiblies en 2009 (4,8% et 2,6%, respectivement) qu’en 1991 (12,7% et 13,0%, respectivement). Des analyses de régression logistique indiquent que le sexe a été une importante variable explicative de la conduits avec facultés affaiblies en 1991 (OR = 3,29, 95% CI = 1,52–7.16), ce qui n’a pas été le cas en 2009. Malgré cela, l’interaction entre l’âge et le sexe n’est pas significative. L’étude comprend une analyse des répercussions de ses conclusions sur certaines politiques.
e-Research Infrastructure and Community Research
Authors: Denison Tom , Johanson Graeme 
Published: August 2021

Research is increasingly being conducted by multi-stakeholder teams which include the researchers themselves, funding authorities, industry collaborators and community stakeholders inside and outside universities, all of whom have dynamic requirements relating to research data, research artefacts and products, and published outcomes. While the physical location of electronic research resources is of decreasing importance, control and ownership, as reflected in intellectual property policies and ethical requirements, have become highly contested within several communities. Such issues become even more complex when dealing with emergent participatory modes of e-Research, which influence:	Empowerment	of participants in the research.	Recognition	of different ways of researching.	Institutional	commitment to the long-term maintenance of a research repository.	Adaptive	research teams which are comfortable with electronic interactions.	New	legal ownership and access rights, and terms and conditions of use. This paper deliberately focuses on the challenging area of participatory e-Research in order to surface the widest possible range of issues. It is designed to explore governance frameworks that can be applied in new e-Community contexts, and to identify the user needs of participants. It forms part of a new paradigm, which stresses the importance of facilitating participation, by addressing issues which arise about the new management principles required for the authenticity, accessibility, disposition and preservation of electronic research resources for multiple purposes. The prime focus of the paper will be an investigation as to how well repositories and archival services, as they are presently constituted, meet the needs of communities. It will discuss issues including: empowerment, research frameworks, design and methods; and how to conduct ethical research with communities, including protocols, intellectual property, ownership of research data and of outcomes.
Mastering Of Hypermedia Resources By Virtual Learning Communities: Possibilities And Constraints For Interaction, Communication And Construction Of Network Knowledge.
Authors: Rodrigues Carla Lopes , Valente José Armando 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present the procedures and some of the results from the investigation on the use of hypermedia resources for the construction of network knowledge. These resources, available in a distance learning support environment, are used for the process of interaction and production of knowledge through a virtual learning community (VLC) under formation. This VLC aims at providing a collaborative environment equipped with multimedia resources focused on information, communication and continuing education for community health agents[1], as well as nurses, physicians, teachers and other people who work in public establishments which offer access to Information and Communication Technologies in the city of Pedreira in the countryside of São Paulo. In this context, collaborative learning situations are shaped where users/learners master procedures, strategies and multimedia resources available and make “products” using audiovisual aids. The “products” are presented, discussed and revised by the group to be later distributed to and shared with the relevant community. Based on such activities, it was possible to understand that the use of audiovisual aids in virtual learning environments (i.e., tools which enable different forms of expression and the establishment of the distance communication among people on the Web through the joint use of visual and sound components) are able to boost the learning process by overcoming the training constraints typically found in traditional models and thus expanding the range of possibilities for the construction of knowledge.[1] In Brazil, a community health agent is a lay health care worker who is not certified to practice medicine or nursing, but has the primary task of gathering information on the health status of a small community by means of a close relationship with it.[pt]Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir ideias, métodos, procedimentos e resultados relacionados à investigação sobre a utilização de recursos hipermidiáticos para a construção de conhecimentos em rede. Estes recursos, disponíveis em um ambiente de suporte de educação a distância são utilizados para o processo de interação e produção de conhecimentos por uma comunidade virtual de aprendizagem (CVA) em formação. Esta CVA pretende ser um espaço colaborativo, com recursos multimídia, voltada para a informação, comunicação e formação continuada de agentes comunitários de saúde, enfermeiros, médicos, professores e demais pessoas vinculadas aos espaços públicos de acesso as tecnologias de informação e comunicação do município de Pedreira-SP.