bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mordmedieringer
Authors: Fodstad Lars August 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The so-called Torgersen case is one of the most famous murder cases and criminal proceedings in modern Norwegian history, as it started in the late 1950s and still figures in the judicial system, even after the convict’s death. Among the multitude of medial occurrences in the wake of the case we find three dramas, including Finn Iunker’s Det skjendige drapet i skippergata. In this article Iunker’s play is studied in a media archeological perspective, informed by German materialist media theory, focusing on media technology, communication systems, transmission, noise, and meta mediality. A key assertion is that Iunker’s play not only can be studied through the lens of media archeology, but to a certain extent can be read as media archeological excavation of the past, focusing on hypermedial aspects such as noise. Finally, the media archeological approach allows for a brief discussion on drama form and modern media culture.
The effectiveness of the AEB system in the context of the safety of vulnerable road users
Authors: Ucińska Monika , Pełka Małgorzata 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
According to the analysis by the National Police Headquarters, roughly 40% of all road accident victims in Poland are vulnerable road users (VRU), i.e. pedestrians and cyclists. Their protection has become one of the priorities for action regarding road safety. For this purpose, various activities are carried out aimed not only at human behaviour or the development of modern and safe road infrastructures but also at the development of modern vehicles, including advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In order to identify the limitations of the currently available driver assistance systems, designed to respond to VRU, research was carried out under the project name, “PEDICRASH: Safety aspects of VRU in CAD automated vehicles.” The project was aimed at increasing users’ awareness (both pedestrians and drivers) of the limitations of ADAS by analysing barriers and indicating recommendations allowing for more effective protection of pedestrians and cyclists due to the identified operating limitations of these systems. The research focused on the autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system and its potential impact on the level of road safety, with particular emphasis on VRU.
The issue of arbitrariness in syntactic reconstruction
Authors: Daniels Don 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPractitioners of syntactic reconstruction have not acknowledged that arbitrariness and iconicity influence syntactic change, and that they therefore need to be incorporated into methods of reconstruction. I argue that iconicity creates a directional tendency in syntactic change, privileging structures that are more iconic. I propose a method for incorporating this fact into methods of syntactic reconstruction. I demonstrate the application of this method on two pieces of reconstructed syntax: orientation serial verb constructions and left-peripheral topics. Both case studies are from Proto-Sogeram, the ancestor to ten languages of Papua New Guinea. A third, briefer case study concerns Proto-Carib.
Recursive Gauss-Helmert model with equality constraints applied to the efficient system calibration of a 3D laser scanner
Authors: Vogel Sören , Ernst Dominik , Neumann Ingo , Alkhatib Hamza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSensors for environmental perception are nowadays applied in numerous vehicles and are expected to be used in even higher quantities for future autonomous driving. This leads to an increasing amount of observation data that must be processed reliably and accurately very quickly. For this purpose, recursive approaches are particularly suitable in terms of their efficiency when powerful CPUs and GPUs are uneconomical, too large, or too heavy for certain applications. If explicit functional relationships between the available observations and the requested parameters are used to process and adjust the observation data, complementary approaches exist. The situation is different for implicit relationships, which could not be considered recursively for a long time but only in the context of batch adjustments. In this contribution, a recursive Gauss-Helmert model is presented that can handle explicit and implicit equations and thus allows high flexibility. This recursive estimator is based on a Kalman filter for implicit measurement equations, which has already been used for georeferencing kinematic multi-sensor systems (MSS) in urban environments. Furthermore, different methods for introducing additional information using constraints and the resulting added value are shown. Practical application of the methodology is given by an example for the calibration of a laser scanner for a MSS.
Industry Concentration and Profitability in Europe: The Case of Norway
Authors: Eide Lars Stemland , Erraia Jonas , Grimsby Gjermund 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Several recent studies show that market concentration in the US has increased over time, with firm profits increasing in the same period. The consistency of findings from the US is contrasted by more varying results from studies of the development of market concentration in Europe. In this study, we utilise the completeness of Norwegian microdata to investigate how methodological choices and data limitations impact results with respect to the market concentration and its relationship with profitability. First, we find that concentration in Norway has decreased slightly over the last two decades. Over the same period, profitability has increased slightly for two profitability measures and been stable for the other two. Despite a difference in overall trends, at the industry level, we find a positive and statistically significant relationship between concentration and profitability for three out of four profitability measures, in line with the market power hypothesis. Investigating the effect of methodological choices and data limitations, we find that concentration trends are quite robust to exclusion of smaller companies, the incorporation of ownership structures in concentration measures and the choice of industry classification. However, the positive relationship between concentration and profitability is almost non-existent when using readily available industry classification instead of more product market-oriented industry classifications and disappears completely when we do not exclude export-oriented industries. Our study is relevant for future research, as well as for policymakers, as our results indicate that one should be careful when interpreting results from studies of market concentration that fail to handle these methodological challenges.
Automation in small labs
Authors: Heidrich Rainer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The following report describes the development and implementation of a small-lab automation solution for small hospitals.

Methods
It uses a new generation of collaborative robots instead of the traditional laboratory automation lines with their input and output units and connected analyzers. After the Proof of Concept during fall 2018, both a centrifuge and several routine analyzers were integrated.

Results
The run-up phase ended after successful test operations in continuous mode in 2019. Routine operations were launched in October 2020 in a MVZ routine lab after a delay caused by the pandemic.

Conclusions
Apart from the direct cost savings for night duty or compensation for the lack of personnel, the mentioned solution delivers a significant upgrading of the laboratory technicians’ activities and an improvement in their working conditions.
On the habitual verbpflegenin German: Its use, origin, and development
Authors: Jędrzejowski Łukasz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, I examine the distributional properties, emergence conditions, and development of the habitual verbal headpflegen‘use(d) to’ in the history of German. Synchronically, I argue that Present-day German possesses subject to subject raising verbs and that they can all be brought down to a common denominator: They allow promotion of the embedded subject into the matrix subject position (= A-movement). However, at the same time I argue that German subject to subject raising verbs differ and that their heterogeneity follows from their semantics. What all this boils down to is that German subject to subject raising verbs do not form a uniform class, neither semantically nor syntactically. As forpflegen, I account for its syntactic peculiarities referring to its functional status, i.e., the status of being a habitual head. Diachronically, I show thatpflegengrammaticalized into an AspHAB-head in the transition from Old High German (750–1050) to Middle High German (1050–1350) and that this grammaticalization process restricted the way it behaves in Present-day German.
Multi-class, multi-functional design of photonic topological insulators by rational symmetry-indicators engineering
Authors: Luo Jiachen , Du Zongliang , Guo Yilin , Liu Chang , Zhang Weisheng , Guo Xu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An explicit topology optimization-based design paradigm is proposed for the design of photonic topological crystalline insulators (TCIs). To strictly guarantee the topological property, rational engineering of symmetry-indicators is carried out by mathematical programming, which simultaneously maximizes the width of nontrivial topological band gaps and achieves the desired quantized bulk polarization. Our approach is successfully applied to design photonic TCIs with time-reversal symmetry in two-dimensional point groups, higher-order magnetic TCIs, and higher-order photonic TCIs. This methodology paves the way for inverse design of optimized photonic/phononic, multiphysics, and multifunctional three-dimensional TCIs.
VCSEL with multi-transverse cavities with bandwidth beyond 100 GHz
Authors: Heidari Elham , Ahmed Moustafa , Dalir Hamed , Bakry Ahmed , Alshahrie Ahmed , Sorger Volker J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo fulfill the demands of high-speed photonic applications, researchers, and engineers have been working to improve the modulation bandwidth (MBW) of semiconductor lasers. We extend our prior work on modeling a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with multiple transverse-coupled-cavities (MTCCs) to evaluate the feasibility of boosting MBW beyond 100 GHz in this study. Because of the strong coupling of slow-light feedback from nearby lateral transverse coupled cavities (TCCs) into the VCSEL cavity, the laser has a high modulation performance. The intensity modulation response of the VCSEL design using one, two, four, and six TCCs is compared. Due to the optical-feedback (OFB) from short TCCs, which achieves 3 dB MBW reaching 170 GHz, photon–photon-resonance (PPR) is projected to occur at ultra-high frequencies beyond 145 GHz. In terms of the Fourier spectrum of the relative intensity noise (RIN), we characterize the noise features of the MTCC-VCSEL in the ultra-high bandwidth domain.
Spin separation based on-chip optical polarimeter via inverse design
Authors: Zhou Changyu , Xie Youpeng , Ren Jianxin , Wei Zepeng , Du Luping , Zhang Qiang , Xie Zhenwei , Liu Bo , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Polarimetry has been demonstrated essential in various disciplines, such as optical communications, imaging, and astronomy. On-chip nanostructures for polarization measurements are most expected to replace the conventional bulk elements, and hence minimize the polarimeter for integrated applications. Some on-chip nanophotonic polarimeter via polarization detection has been implemented, in which the separation of two spin polarized states is needed. However, due to the relatively low coupling efficiency or complicated photonic silicon circuits, on-chip polarimetry using a single device still remains challenging. Here, we introduce and investigate an on-chip polarimeter with nanostructures using the inverse design method. The developed device shows the ability to detect the four polarization components of light, two of which are the spin polarizations, and the other two are the linear polarizations. The retrieved Stokes parameters with experimentally tested data are in close agreement with the numerical results. We also show the proof of concept demonstration for high-speed Stokes vector optical signals detection. In the high-speed communication experiment with data rate up to 16 GBd, the detected optical signals via polarization measurements at multiple wavelengths in the C-band were recovered with the bit error rate below the 20% forward error correction threshold. The proposed on-chip polarimeter shows promising performance both in Stokes polarimetry and high-speed optical communication applications.
A comparative study on characterizations and synthesis of pure lead sulfide (PbS) and Ag-doped PbS for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Jameel Muhammad Hasnain , Saleem Shahroz , Hashim Muhammad , Roslan Muhammad Sufi , Somaily Hamoud Hassan Naji , Hessin Mahmoud M. , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. , Ashiq Muhammad Gul Bahr , Hamzah Maytham Qabel , Jabbar Abdullah Hasan , Yabagi Jibrin Alhaji , Agam Mohd Arif Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a hydrothermal technique was used to synthesize lead sulfide (PbS) and silver (Ag)-doped PbS nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations of 20, 40, and 60% of Ag. The small lattice phase changes appeared due to the shifting of diffraction angle peaks toward higher 2θfor samples doped with PbS with increasing Ag content. The analysis of average crystallite size, phase structure, and lattice constant was observed under X-ray diffraction. The value of crystallite size, volume of the unit cell, and porosity (%) were found to increase with the increasing concentration of Ag NPs in PbS. The pure PbS crystallite size is small compared to Ag-doped PbS. The optical characteristics including absorption spectra of the prepared samples were investigated and confirmed by using scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The observation of the composition showed that higher doping concentrations of Ag lead to an increase in particle size. Absorption peaks in the UV-Vis spectra corresponding to pure and 20, 40, and 60% of Ag/PbS were observed at different wavelengths of 368, 369, 371, and 372 nm, respectively. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy peaks were found in the vibration mode of the ions due to the increment in Ag doping concentrations. These results indicate the possibility of tuning the optical structural properties of Ag-doped PbS through doping various concentrations of Ag NPs. Ag-doped PbS is considered promising future semiconductor nanomaterial, which will enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic device applications.
Oxyresveratrol modulates the immune response in vitro
Authors: Palabiyik-Yucelik Saziye Sezin , Moser Simone , Becker Kathrin , Halici Zekai , Bayir Yasin , Stonig Marlies , Schennach Harald , Fuchs Dietmar , Gostner Johanna M. , Kurz Katharina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The naturally occurring stilbenoid oxyresveratrol was shown to influence inflammatory and metabolic processes. During cellular immune activation, tryptophan breakdown and neopterin formation via the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) and GTP-cyclohydrolase, respectively, are induced. Neopterin and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio are reliable and pertinent biomarkers of Th1-type immune response and are also used in vitro to monitor effects of active plant ingredients on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We investigated the effects of oxyresveratrol on the activity of the above-mentioned pathways in mitogen-stimulated human PBMC and in the myelomonocytic cell line THP-1. Oxyresveratrol exerted suppressive effects on tryptophan breakdown in both stimulated cell models. Of note, in PBMC, tryptophan breakdown was induced at lower concentrations (5–20 µM) and suppressed at higher treatment concentrations only. Neopterin formation was decreased dose-dependently in stimulated PBMC. In unstimulated PBMC similar, albeit lesser effects were observed. Data indicate that oxyresveratrol exerts distinct and concentration-dependent effects on different immune cell types. IDO-1 is targeted by oxyresveratrol and its activity can be modulated in both directions. Detailed investigations of the interactions would be interesting to fully explore the activity of this phytocompound.
Die Option zur Körperschaftsbesteuerung: Eine erwünschte Rechtsquelle des Personengesellschaftsrechts
Authors: Röder Erik 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung

Mit der Option zur Körperschaftsbesteuerung erhalten Personengesellschaften erstmals die Möglichkeit, wie eine Kapitalgesellschaft besteuert zu werden, ohne ihre Rechtsform wechseln zu müssen. Dadurch ergeben sich komplexe gesellschaftsrechtliche Folgefragen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Zulässigkeit von Mehrheitsbeschlüssen und der Gewinnverwendung, deren Beantwortung das Gesetz im Wesentlichen der kautelarjuristischen Praxis überlässt. Aus diesem Grund wird sich die Option zur Körperschaftsbesteuerung als eine ergiebige und – wegen ihres substantiellen Beitrags zur Rechtsformneutralität – zugleich als eine erwünschte steuerrechtliche Quelle des Personengesellschaftsrechts erweisen.
Study of dynamic and thermodynamic properties of zinc-blend and wurtzite cadmium sulfide (CdS) using density functional theory
Authors: Edossa Teshome Gerbaba , Woldemariam Menberu Mengasha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The dynamic and thermodynamic properties of wurtzite (wz) and zinc-blend (zb) CdS are investigated within the density functional theory using different approximation methods such as LDA, PBE, and DFT+U. Hellmann–Feynman approach is implemented for the relaxation of atomic position for both phases. To guarantee the accuracy of calculation, the convergence test of total energy with respect to energy cutoff and k-point sampling is performed. The dynamic properties such as phonon dispersion, phonon density of state, frequency along with high symmetry points, static and dynamic polarizability, and dielectric constants are calculated. The obtained values are compared with previous theoretical results. DFT + U approximation gives a good result that is consistent with the available theory. Moreover, the vibrational energy, vibrational free energy, entropy, electron chemical potential, and constant-volume specific heat are obtained within LDA, PBE, and DFT + U approximations.
d- and s-orbital populations in the d block: unbound atoms in physical vacuum versus chemical elements in condensed matter. A Dronskowski-population analysis
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Li Wan-Lu , Schwarz W. H. Eugen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The electron configurations of Ca, Zn and the nine transition elements M in between (and their heavier homologs) are reviewed on the basis of density functional theory and experimental facts. The d-s orbital energy and population patterns are systematically diverse. (i) The dominant valence electron configuration of most free neutral atoms M0 of groups g = 2–12 is 3d

g−2
4s

2
(textbook rule), or 3d

g−14s
1. (ii) Formal M
q+
cations in chemical compounds have the dominant configuration 3d

g−q

4s

0
(basic concept of transition metal chemistry). (iii) M0 atoms in metallic phases [M∞] of hcp, ccp(fcc) and bcc structures have intermediate populations near 3d

g−1
4s

1
(lower d populations for Ca (ca. ½) and Zn (ca. 10)). Including the 4p valence orbitals, the dominant metallic configuration is 3d

g−δ
4(sp)
δ
with δ ≈ 1.4 (±0.2) throughout (except for Zn). (iv) The 3d,4s population of atomic clusters M
m
varies for increasing m smoothly from single-atomic 3d

g−24s
2 toward metallic 3d

g−14s
1. – The textbook rule for the one-electron energies, i.e., ns < (n−1)d, holds ‘in a broader sense’ for the s block, but in general not for the d block, and never for the p block. It is more important to teach realistic atomic orbital (AO) populations such as the ones given above.
Avaliação da escalade design da simulação em acadêmicos de medicina
Authors: Quadros Marina Pereira , Sestelo Maristela Rodrigues , Aleluia Iêda Maria Barbosa 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A simulação realística tem sido um método de aprendizagem amplamente utilizado no Brasil, sobretudo no ensino médico. Para reproduzir os cenários de atuação médica de forma mais fidedigna, o Design da simulação precisa ser bem planejado para levar o aluno ao maior nível de aproveitamento possível. OBJETIVOS: Descrever a avaliação da qualidade das características do desenho do cenário da simulação pelos dos alunos dos cursos de medicina. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, descritivo, de corte transversal realizado com estudantes do curso de medicina, no período de fevereiro de 2019. A amostra final foi de 90 estudantes. A Escala de Design da Simulação foi utilizada para a avaliação da estrutura do cenário da simulação. A partir da escala, as avaliações do Design da simulação pelos alunos foram tabuladas e comparadas através das médias e desvio padrão. RESULTADOS/DISCUSSÃO: Todos os itens analisados da Escala de Design da Simulação, obtiveram resultados positivos na avaliação, assim como a importância da elaboração adequada do Design. Aquele que obteve concordância predominante foi o domínio “Realismo” com média de 4,94 e desvio padrão de 0,20 e importância predominante foi o domínio “Feedback/reflexão”, com média de 4,95 e desvio padrão de 0,16. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo indicam percepções predominantemente positivas dos alunos do curso de medicina acerca do design construído para a simulação aplicada e da sua importância para o processo e aprendizagem. Além disso, pode-se de apontar os aspectos que precisam de melhor desenvolvimento e aprimoramento da simulação, assim como ressaltar os pontos positivos de destaque.
Pedagogical impact of internal training applied to the Academic League of Internal and Surgical Medicine
Authors: Do Nascimento João Henrique Fonseca , Tomaz Selton Cavalcante , De Azevedo Alan Rodrigues , Cunha André Gusmão , De Andrade André Bouzas 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION: Academic Leagues of Medicine are extracurricular activities, which recognize the student’s protagonism in knowledge's production, such as training and teaching-learning experiences developed by students. OBJECTIVE: To assess the training’s efficiency in surgical technique applied at the Academic League of Internal and Surgical Medicine (LAMIC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated the effect of the LAMIC’s training promoted to its associated students, comparing them to a non-exposed group. A questionnaire was used as an evaluation tool. It contained 20 objective questions and all students had up to 30 minutes to answer it. The 60% mark of correct answers was set as a threshold for considering proficient knowledge. For statistical analyses, Mann-Whiney U test and Fisher's exact test were performed, adopting p<0.01 as significant. RESULTS: Sixty-nine students composed the sample population, whom 24 LAMIC-students were exposed to internal training and 45 non-exposed students. Among LAMIC-students, 91.7% had supraliminal results, while only 2.2% of non-exposed students reached this mark (p<0.01; odds ratio, OR = 354.8). There was statistically significant association between LAMIC-students’ results and good performance in: fundamentals in surgery (p<0.01, OR = 5.0), surgical risk assessment (p<0.01, OR = 3.4), patient (p<0.01, OR = 183.5) and surgical team (p<0.01, OR = 9.6) positioning, surgical center (p<0.01, OR = 84.0), and instrumentation (p<0.01, OR = 125.3). CONCLUSION: Participation in internal training promoted by the academic league fostered better results in surgical knowledge, corroborating the concept that student’s leadership in teaching experiences may contribute to a better learning experience and medical formation.