bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of the intrinsic amygdala‐hippocampal network in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Ko Junghae , Lee Ho‐Joon , Kim Hyung Chan , Park Bong Soo , Park Sihyung , Kim Il Hwan , Park Jin Han , Lee Yoo Jin , Park Kang Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral lines of evidence suggest that the amygdala–hippocampus is involved in the epileptogenic network of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in the individual nuclei of the amygdala and hippocampal subfields, and the intrinsic amygdala‐hippocampal network of patients with JME compared to healthy controls.MethodsThis retrospective study conducted at a single tertiary hospital involved 35 patients with newly diagnosed JME, and 34 healthy subjects. We calculated the individual structural volumes of 18 nuclei in the amygdala, and 38 hippocampal subfields using three‐dimensional volumetric T1‐weighted imaging and FreeSurfer program. We also performed an analysis of the intrinsic amygdala‐hippocampal global and local network based on these volumes using a graph theory and Brain Analysis using Graph Theory (BRAPH) program. We investigated the differences in these volumes and network measures between patients with JME and healthy controls.ResultsThere were no significant volume differences in the nuclei of the amygdala and hippocampal subfields between patients with JME and healthy controls. However, we found significant differences in the global network between patients with JME and healthy controls. The mean clustering coefficient was significantly decreased in patients with JME compared to healthy controls (0.473 vs. 0.653, p = .047). In addition, specific regions in the hippocampal subfields showed significant differences in the local network between the two groups. The betweenness centrality of the right CA1‐head, right hippocampus–amygdala‐transition area, left hippocampal fissure, left fimbria, and left CA3‐head, was increased in patients with JME compared to healthy controls.ConclusionThe intrinsic amygdala‐hippocampal global and local networks differed in patients with JME compared to healthy controls, which may be related to the pathogenesis of JME, and memory dysfunction in patients with JME.
Ugandan and British individuals' views of refugees in their countries: An exploratory mixed‐methods comparison
Authors: Hellmann Jens H. , Übergünne‐Otte Lena , Heimlich Steven , Kalyegira Juma , Echterhoff Gerald , Memon Amina , Knausenberger Judith , Schlechter Pascal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing an exploratory mixed‐methods approach, we examined thoughts concerning refugees reported by participants from a non‐Western country, Uganda, and the United Kingdom (total N = 113). We explored whether, due to various sociocultural, political and geographic differences, critical features of refugee migration (e.g., migration forcedness and migration‐related perils) would be viewed differently by Ugandan and UK participants. An inductive qualitative content analysis of responses in an online survey yielded 11 categories with 40 subcategories revealing several similarities between Ugandan and UK participants. For instance, similar proportions of participants from both countries acknowledged refugees' suffering before their migration and the forced nature of refugees' migration. However, we also found that more British than Ugandan participants referred to perils refugees suffer during their journeys, possibly resulting from differences in refugees' migration routes (e.g., crossing other countries, travelling by dilapidated boats, migration duration). Furthermore, Ugandan but not British participants took pride in international praise their country received for its forthcoming treatment of refugees. There were no differences regarding the extent to which Ugandan and British individuals exhibited prejudice towards refugees or experienced threats from refugees. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings for refugee integration.
Phytochemical, Antiplasmodial, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a Southeast Brazilian Brown Propolis Produced by Apis mellifera Bees
Authors: Ribeiro Victor Pena , Arruda Caroline , Aldana‐Mejia Jennyfer Andrea , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Tripathi Siddharth K. , Khan Shabana I. , Khan Ikhlas A. , Ali Zulfiqar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeven phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, 4‐methoxycinnamic acid, 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamic acid, 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde, 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxypropiophenone and 1‐O,2‐O‐digalloyl‐6‐O‐trans‐p‐coumaroyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside), a flavanonol (7‐O‐methylaromadendrin), two lignans (pinoresinol and matairesinol) and six diterpenic acids/alcohol (19‐acetoxy‐13‐hydroxyabda‐8(17),14‐diene, totarol, 7‐oxodehydroabietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, communic acid and isopimaric acid) were isolated from the hydroalcoholic extract of a Brazilian Brown Propolis and characterized by NMR spectral data analysis. The volatile fraction of brown propolis was characterized by CG‐MS, composed mainly of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, being the major α‐pinene (18.4 %) and β‐pinene (10.3 %). This propolis chemical profile indicates that Pinus spp., Eucalyptus spp. and Araucaria angustifolia might be its primary plants source. The brown propolis displayed significant activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 strains with IC50 of 5.3 and 9.7 μg/mL, respectively. The volatile fraction was also active with IC50 of 22.5 and 41.8 μg/mL, respectively. Among the compounds, 1‐O,2‐O‐digalloyl‐6‐O‐trans‐p‐coumaroyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside showed IC50 of 3.1 and 1.0 μg/mL against D6 and W2 strains, respectively, while communic acid showed an IC50 of 4.0 μg/mL against W2 strain. Cytotoxicity was determined on four tumor cell lines (SK‐MEL, KB, BT‐549, and SK‐OV‐3) and two normal renal cell lines (LLC‐PK1 and VERO). Matairesinol, 7‐O‐methylaromadendrin, and isopimaric acid showed an IC50 range of 1.8–0.78 μg/mL, 7.3–100 μg/mL, and 17–18 μg/mL, respectively, against the tumor cell lines but they were not cytotoxic against normal cell lines. The crude extract of brown propolis displayed antimicrobial activity against C. neoformans, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and P. aeruginosa at 29.9 μg/mL, 178.9 μg/mL, and 160.7 μg/mL, respectively. The volatile fraction inhibited the growth of C. neoformans at 53.0 μg/mL. The compounds 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde, 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxypropiophenone and 7‐oxodehydroabietic acid were active against C. neoformans, and caffeic and communic acids were active against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
The death knell of bare metal stents: The Cobra stent's encouraging results with short‐term antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Patel Nachiket J. , Heuser Richard R. 
Published: July 2021

Key Points
The Cobra PzF is a non‐drug eluting, non‐bare metal stent coated with a polyzene‐F polymer that is thrombo‐resistant and reduces inflammation and neointimal proliferation.
The current study demonstrates the Cobra PzF is safe and efficacious.
Further studies are needed to determine if there is a DAPT duration advantage of the Cobra PzF over current DES platforms.
Gettin' Ziggy with it
Authors: Liskov Steven , Gray William A. 
Published: July 2021

Key Points
Interventional therapies directed at closure of sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) rely on comprehensive pre‐operative cardiac imaging to identify appropriate candidates.
Operator familiarity with the covered 10 zig Cheatham platinum (CP) stent system is critical for adequate stent anchoring, defect closure, and avoidance of pulmonary vein occlusion.
The long‐term durability of 10 zig CP sent systems in SVASD closure remains unknown.
Merkel cell carcinoma on the right calf in association with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Hamideh , Babaniamansour Sepideh , Majidi Mohammadreza , Zare Abolfazl , Dehghani Firouzabadi Mohammad , Karkon‐Shayan Sepideh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study showed a rare case of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) with atypical manifestations accompanied by chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B‐cell type that underwent chemotherapy and had poor prognosis. The findings suggest that the physicians should consider MCC when performing diagnosis and assess all possible associated risk factors like neoplasms to achieve good prognosis.
A Novel Gemini Sulfonic Ionic Liquid Immobilized MCM‐41 as Efficient Catalyst for Doebner‐Von Miller Reaction to Quinoline
Authors: Li An , Wang Xinyang , Li Yuhang , Luo Caiwu , Zhang Jiance , Liu Kun , Zhang Cen , Zhou Congshan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel 2,2′‐bipyridine‐based gemini sulfonic ionic liquid was first synthesized and then immobilized on MCM‐41 support (named IL1/MCM‐41), which was further characterized using XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, N2‐physisorption, XPS and TG techniques. These characterization results revealed that the IL1/MCM‐41 presented a whole ordered mesoporous structure, excellent thermal stability as well as the interaction between ionic liquid with MCM‐41. Catalytic activity of the obtained IL1/MCM‐41 was systematically evaluated for the Doebner‐Von Miller reaction to generate quinoline. Compared to conventional imidazole‐type single sulfonic ionic liquid supported on MCM‐41 (named IL2/MCM‐41), IL1/MCM‐41 exhibited higher catalytic activity and better reusability, which was probably due to the synergistic catalytic effect of the dual sulfonic acid group on IL2 and the stronger interaction between dipyridine ring of ionic liquid with MCM‐41 support, respectively. Meanwhile, a plausible reaction routes for the synergistic catalytic action of dual sulfonic acid to quinoline over the IL1/MCM‐41 catalyst was also proposed in this paper.
Synthesis of 4‐Trifluoromethylated 1,3‐Butadienes via Palladium Catalyzed Heck Reaction
Authors: Li Yang , Hao Meng , Chang Yu‐Chen , Liu Yuan , Wang Wen‐Fei , Sun Ning , Zhu Wen‐Qing , Gao Ziwei 
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusion1,3‐Butadiene plays a key role in modern synthetic chemistry and biochemistry because it is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs. A new and effective method for the synthesis of 4‐trifluoromethylated 1,3‐butadiene through the fluorinated Heck reaction catalyzed by Pd(0) is described. Without additives, 1‐chloro‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene (an inexpensive CF3 structural unit that is harmless to ozone) reacts with enamide to synthesize 4‐trifluoromethylated 1,3‐butadienes with good yield, high regioselectivity and chemical selectivity, and strong tolerance of substrate functional groups such as alkynes, aldehyde, and ester groups.
Maleimide Chemistry: Enabling the Precision Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Mejia Glauber , Wang Yongquan , Huang Zhihao , Shi Qiunan , Zhang Zhengbiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein is presented a compilation of the main characteristics of maleimide chemistry in developing the precisely controlled polymers, including the design of sequence‐controlled polymers, topological polymers, and polymeric single‐chain nanoparticles. The synthetic methods, relied on the versatilities of the maleimide moieties as a latent monomer which leads to an efficient alternative in various innovative applications, especially in self‐healing material, self‐reporting materials for real‐time monitoring, and also in data storage and anticounterfeiting technologies. The core of the content in this review is focused on the up‐to‐data advances and publications on the major of maleimide chemistry in our research group.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Maleimide chemistry in precision polymer synthesis.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?When I was a junior high school student, the chemistry attracted me very much. Chemistry is an extraordinary magic, which virtually generates molecules, basic units and everything on earth. I selected the polymer chemistry area when I pursuit my MSc and PhD in Soochow University. The polymer chemistry is the basic and originality of polymer science, which has created tremendous useful materials and greatly benefited humanity in the past century. Engaging in chemistry research is tedious and hard most of the time, but I like the joy and accomplishment at the moment when the experiment succeeds. It's like tea tasting, thekind of fleeting back sweetness makes me yearn and intoxicated.How do you supervise your students?I always encourage students to believe themselves, however don't always believe what others have said. The students should have their own judgments based on broad literature survey, comprehensive learning and deep thinking. The students should not take the publications but the improvements of research capability as the only target when pursuing the academic degree.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Be joyful, enthusiastic, persistent and careful.How do you keep balance between research and family?I like cooking for my family. Cooking is similar with chemical experiments. I think that cooking is a good balance between research and family.
Impact of the new pulmonary hypertension definition on long‐term mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing valve replacement
Authors: Maeder Micha T. , Weber Lukas , Weilenmann Daniel , Chronis Joannis , Joerg Lucas , Pohle Susanne , Haager Philipp K. , Brutsche Martin , Neumann Thomas , Schoch Otto D. , Rickli Hans 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe new 2018 pulmonary hypertension (PH) definition includes a lower mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) cut‐off (>20 mmHg rather than ≥25 mmHg) and the compulsory requirement of a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥3 Wood units (WU) to define precapillary PH. We assessed the clinical impact of the 2018 compared to the 2015 PH definition in aortic stenosis (AS) patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR).MethodsSevere AS patients (n = 487) undergoing pre‐AVR right heart catheterization were classified according to the 2015 and 2018 definitions. Post‐AVR mortality (median follow‐up 44 months) was assessed.ResultsBased on the 2015 definition, 66 (13%) patients exhibited combined pre and postcapillary PH (CpcPH), 116 (24%) isolated post‐capillary PH (IpcPH), 28 (6%) precapillary PH, and 277 (57%) no PH at all. Overall, 52 (11%) patients were reclassified: 23 no PH into IpcPH; 8 no PH into precapillary PH; 20 precapillary PH into no PH; 1 CpcPH into IpcPH. By the 2015 definition, only CpcPH patients displayed increased mortality, whereas by the 2018 definition, precapillary PH patients also experienced higher mortality than those without PH. Among the PH definition components, PVR ≥3 WU was the strongest predictor of death (hazard ratio > 4).ConclusionsIn severe AS, a higher number of IpcPH patients are diagnosed by the 2018 definition, even though they have the same prognosis as those without PH. Patients with true precapillary PH are more accurately identified by the 2018 definition that includes a pulmonary vascular disease criterion, that is, PVR ≥3 WU, a strong mortality predictor.
Performance of the IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick model of breast cancer risk by race and ethnicity in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Kurian Allison W. , Hughes Elisha , Simmons Timothy , Bernhisel Ryan , Probst Braden , Meek Stephanie , Caswell‐Jin Jennifer L. , John Esther M. , Lanchbury Jerry S. , Slavin Thomas P. , Wagner Susanne , Gutin Alexander , Rohan Thomas E. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Manson JoAnn E. , Lane Dorothy , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Stefanick Marcia L. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDThe IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick model is used clinically to guide breast cancer screening and prevention, but was developed primarily in non‐Hispanic White women. Little is known about its long‐term performance in a racially/ethnically diverse population.METHODSThe Women's Health Initiative study enrolled postmenopausal women from 1993‐1998. Women were included who were aged <80 years at enrollment with no prior breast cancer or mastectomy and with data required for IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick calculation (weight; height; ages at menarche, first birth, and menopause; menopausal hormone therapy use; and family history of breast or ovarian cancer). Calibration was assessed by the ratio of observed breast cancer cases to the number expected by the IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick model (O/E; calculated as the sum of cumulative hazards). Differential discrimination was tested for by self‐reported race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaskan Native) using Cox regression. Exploratory analyses, including simulation of a protective single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs140068132 at 6q25, were performed.RESULTSDuring follow‐up (median 18.9 years, maximum 23.4 years), 6783 breast cancer cases occurred among 90,967 women. IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick was well calibrated overall (O/E ratio = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93‐0.97) and in most racial/ethnic groups, but overestimated risk for Hispanic women (O/E ratio = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.90). Discrimination did not differ by race/ethnicity. Exploratory simulation of the protective SNP suggested improved IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick calibration for Hispanic women (O/E ratio = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.96).CONCLUSIONSThe IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick model is well calibrated for several racial/ethnic groups over 2 decades of follow‐up. Studies that incorporate genetic and other risk factors, particularly among Hispanic women, are essential to improve breast cancer–risk prediction.
Morphological properties of the axon initial segment‐like process ofAIIamacrine cells in the rat retina
Authors: Liu Jian Hao , Singh Jeet Bahadur , Veruki Margaret Lin , Hartveit Espen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSignal processing within the retina is generally mediated by graded potentials, whereas output is conveyed by action potentials transmitted along optic nerve axons. Among retinal neurons, amacrine cells seem to be an exception to this general rule, as several types generate voltage‐gated Na+(Nav) channel‐dependent action potentials. The AII, a narrow‐field, bistratified axon‐less amacrine cell found in mammalian retinas, displays a unique process that resembles an axon initial segment (AIS), with expression of Navchannels colocalized with the cytoskeletal protein ankyrin‐G, and generates action potentials. As the role of spiking in AIIs is uncertain, we hypothesized that the morphological properties of the AIS‐like process could provide information relevant for its functional importance, including potential pre‐ and/or postsynaptic connectivity. For morphological analysis, we injected AII amacrine cells in slices with fluorescent dye and immunolabeled the slices for ankyrin‐G. Subsequently, this enabled us to reliably identify AII‐type processes among ankyrin‐G‐labeled processes in wholemount retina. We systematically analyzed the laminar localization, spatial orientation, and distribution of the AIS‐like processes as a function of retinal eccentricity. In the horizontal plane, the processes displayed no preferred orientation and terminal endings were randomly distributed. In the vertical plane, the processes displayed a horizontal preference, but also ascended and descended into the inner nuclear layer and proximal inner plexiform layer, respectively. These results suggest that the AII amacrine AIS‐like process is unlikely to take part in conventional synaptic connections, but may instead be adapted to respond to volume neurotransmission by means of extrasynaptic receptors.
Phase noise suppression in LC oscillators: Tutorial
Authors: Bagheri Mohammad , Li Xun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive study of phase noise (PN) suppression in LC‐tank oscillators. The goal of this study is to provide designers with the latest techniques for reducing PN in cross‐coupled oscillators. To this end, we begin with a discussion of two prevalent PN models in oscillators: Hajimiri and Demir. We prefer the Hajimiri model because it does not involve very complicated math, and it offers engineers better insight into designing low‐PN oscillators in the two‐PN close‐in regions in an oscillator spectrum (1/f2 and 1/f3). In 1/f2 region, we show that a need for a large output‐voltage swing leads to Class D and B oscillators, and a large output‐current swing results in Class C oscillators. Also, reduction of the impulse sensitivity functions (ISFs) of an oscillator core can happen in Class F oscillators. A few solutions are presented for mitigating flicker noise up‐conversion, such as adding resistances, controlling the oscillation amplitude, decreasing the conduction angle, guiding the high‐frequency harmonics of current, and shifting the phase of VGS against VDS. We also provide a comparison of recent state‐of‐the‐art literature to show what constitutes a good PN in both 1/f2 and 1/f3 regions in cross‐coupled oscillators. We conclude that a cross‐coupled oscillator can reach the best performances in 1/f3 and 1/f2 PN regions if the oscillator is designed in Class C with the K block and uses the techniques of narrowing the conduction angle, the tail inductor, and the modified tank simultaneously.
Changes of esophageal varices in hepatitis C patients after achievement of a sustained viral response by direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Takakusagi Satoshi , Saito Naoto , Ueno Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Namikawa Masashi , Tojima Hiroki , Takizawa Daichi , Naganuma Atsushi , Kosone Takashi , Arai Hirotaka , Sato Ken , Kakizaki Satoru , Takagi Hitoshi , Uraoka Toshio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe changes in portal hypertension after achieving a sustained viral response (SVR) by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have not been fully elucidated. Consequently, noninvasive and inexpensive predictors need to be investigated. We therefore explored factors associated with the progression of EVs after the achievement of an SVR with DAAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C.MethodsEighty‐nine patients, who had achieved an SVR with DAAs and could have their esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings compared between before DAAs administration and after achieving an SVR achievement were enrolled in this study. We compared the patients with and without EVs progression. Furthermore, the cumulative progression rates of EVs were also analyzed.ResultsThe fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) before DAAs administration was the only significant factor for the progression of EVs after an SVR (odds ratios: 1.2, 95% confidence intervals: 1.05–1.38, p = 0.01). In a receiver operating characteristics analysis, the cut‐off of FIB‐4 for the progression of EVs was 8.41 (sensitivity: 0.63, specificity: 0.86, positive predictive value: 0.31, negative predictive value: 0.96), namely EVs of those with more than 8.41 of FIB‐4 progressed and those with less than 8.41 of FIB‐4 did not.ConclusionsAs patients with FIB‐4 ≥ 8.41 may have progressions of EVs, periodic surveillance by EGD should be continued in such cases, even after an SVR is achieved.