bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deleting Unreported Innovation
Authors: Koh Ping-Sheng , Reeb David M. , Sojli Elvira , Tham Wing Wah , Wang Wendun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe absence of observable innovation data for a firm often leads us to exclude or classify these firms as non-innovators. We assess the reliability of six methods for dealing with unreported innovation using several different counterfactuals for firms without reported R&D or patents. These tests reveal that excluding firms without observable innovation or imputing them as zero innovators and including a dummy variable can lead to biased parameter estimates for observed innovation and other explanatory variables. Excluding firms without patents is especially problematic, leading to false-positive results in empirical tests. Our tests suggest using multiple imputation to handle unreported innovation.
Reported practice patterns in the ambulatory care setting for patients with CHD
Authors: Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Zheng Zihe , Shea Judy A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction:In the absence of evidence-based guidelines, paediatric cardiologists monitor patients in the ambulatory care setting largely according to personal, patient, institutional, and/or financial dictates, all of which likely contribute to practice variability. Minimising practice variability may optimise quality of care while incurring lower costs. We sought to describe self-reported practice patterns and physician attitudes about factors influencing their testing strategies using vignettes describing common scenarios in the care of asymptomatic patients with tetralogy of Fallot and d-transposition of the great arteries.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey of paediatric cardiologists attending a Continuing Medical Educational conference and at our centre. The survey elicited physician characteristics, self-reported testing strategies, and reactions to factors that might influence their decision to order an echocardiogram.Results:Of 267 eligible paediatric cardiologists, 110 completed the survey. The majority reported performing an annual physical examination (66–82%), electrocardiogram (74–79%), and echocardiogram (56–76%) regardless of patient age or severity of disease. Other tests (i.e. Holter monitors, exercise stress tests or cardiac MRIs) were ordered less frequently and less consistently. We observed within physician consistency in frequency of test ordering. In vignettes of younger children with mild disease, higher frequency testers were younger than lower frequency testers.Conclusions:These results suggest potential practice pattern variability, which needs to be further explored in real-life settings. If clinical outcomes for patients followed by low frequency testers match that of high frequency testers, then room to modify practice patterns and lower costs without compromising quality of care may exist.
Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 3: Drivers of seed shatter
Authors: Schwartz-Lazaro Lauren M. , Shergill Lovreet S. , Evans Jeffrey A. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Beam Shawn C. , Bish Mandy D. , Bond Jason A. , Bradley Kevin W. , Curran William S. , Davis Adam S. , Everman Wesley J. , Flessner Michael L. , Haring Steven C. , Jordan Nicholas R. , Korres Nicholas E. , Lindquist John L. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Sanders Tameka L. , Steckel Larry E. , VanGessel Mark J. , Young Blake , Mirsky Steven B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeed retention, and ultimately seed shatter, are extremely important for the efficacy of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) and are likely influenced by various agroecological and environmental factors. Field studies investigated seed-shattering phenology of 22 weed species across three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-producing regions in the United States. We further evaluated the potential drivers of seed shatter in terms of weather conditions, growing degree days, and plant biomass. Based on the results, weather conditions had no consistent impact on weed seed shatter. However, there was a positive correlation between individual weed plant biomass and delayed weed seed–shattering rates during harvest. This work demonstrates that HWSC can potentially reduce weed seedbank inputs of plants that have escaped early-season management practices and retained seed through harvest. However, smaller individuals of plants within the same population that shatter seed before harvest pose a risk of escaping early-season management and HWSC.
Andic Soil Properties and Tephra Layers Hamper C Turnover in Icelandic Peatlands
Authors: Möckel Susanne Claudia , Erlendsson Egill , Gísladóttir Guðrún 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to frequent volcanic activity and erosion of dryland soils, magnified by land use after human settlement (ca. 870 CE), peatlands in Iceland receive regular additions of mineral eolian deposits. Their soils may develop not only histic but also andic characteristics. Yet, mineral eolian deposition as an environmental determinant of peatlands in Iceland is still poorly understood, not least with regard to the peatlands carbon (C) stores. This study advances our understanding of the impact of tephra deposition on Histosols by elucidating interactions between C characteristics and andic soil properties. We compare Histosols from three Icelandic peatlands of different degrees of exposure to eolian deposition by evaluating data sets of their C structure derived by 13C NMR spectroscopy, andic soil properties based on selective extractions of Al, Fe, and Si, and decomposition proxies C/N, δ13C, and δ15N. By applying multivariate statistical methods, we are able to present several important patterns. Soil organic matter of Histosols with andic properties is less decomposed than that of Histosols without notable andic properties. Andic soil properties seem to impact their C structure by facilitating the formation of organo‐mineral complexes, which particularly hamper the decomposition of chemically more labile C groups. Tephra layers appear to hamper microbial activity in deeper soil layers by preventing input of fresh organic matter. The interaction of andic and histic soil properties and the protective role of major tephra deposits may enable an unusual potential for long‐term C stabilization in a natural peatland environment.
The root meristem is shaped by brassinosteroid control of cell geometry
Authors: Fridman Y. , Strauss S. , Horev G. , Ackerman-Lavert M. , Reiner-Benaim A. , Lane B. , Smith R. S. , Savaldi-Goldstein S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrowth extent and direction determine cell and whole-organ architecture. How they are spatio-temporally modulated to control size and shape is not well known. Here we tackled this question by studying the effect of brassinosteroid (BR) signalling on the structure of the root meristem. Quantification of the three-dimensional geometry of thousands of individual meristematic cells across different tissue types showed that the modulation of BR signalling yields distinct changes in growth rate and anisotropy, which affects the time that cells spend in the meristem and has a strong impact on the final root form. By contrast, the hormone effect on cell volume was minor, establishing cell volume as invariant to the effect of BR. Thus, BR has the highest effect on cell shape and growth anisotropy, regulating the overall longitudinal and radial growth of the meristem, while maintaining a coherent distribution of cell sizes. Moving from single-cell quantification to the whole organ, we developed a computational model of radial growth. The simulation demonstrates how differential BR-regulated growth between the inner and outer tissues shapes the meristem and thus explains the non-intuitive outcomes of tissue-specific perturbation of BR signalling. The combined experimental data and simulation suggest that the inner and outer tissues have distinct but coordinated roles in growth regulation.
Efficacy on radiofrequency ablation according to the types of benign thyroid nodules
Authors: Li Jianhua , Xue Wenping , Xu Pengfei , Deng Zhen , Duan Caiwen , Zhang Danhua , Zheng Shouhua , Cui Kefei , Qiu Xinguang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPercutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been recommended as minimally invasive treatment for patients with symptomatic benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) because of the large number of clinical applications. This retrospective observational study sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes of RFA for BTNs. From 2014 to 2019, a sample size of 1289 patients treated by RFA were 262 ones with solid nodules and 1027 ones with cystic-solid nodule, respectively. The efficacy including the nodule maximal diameter reduction ratio (MDRR), the volume reduction ratio (VRR) and the cosmetic scores reduction ratio (CSRR). The results of the nodule MDRR and VRR in the cystic-solid nodule group were significantly better than those in the solid nodule group at the 3rd and 6th month, and the CSRR in the two groups showed statistically significant difference at the 3rd month. In a word, RFA is an effective method for symptomatic benign solid or cystic-solid nodules. The achieved MDRR and VRR in the cystic-solid nodule group were significantly better than those in the solid nodule group at the 3rd and 6th month.
A low serum iron level is a potential predictor of poor renal function in patients following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Soong Tien-Chou , Feng I.-Jung , Chen Jen-Yin , Chen I.-Wen , Tong Hong-Yi , Yang Ming-Yuen , Wu Shu-Fen , Yew Ming , Hung Kuo-Chuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the association of serum iron level (Iron) with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after bariatric surgery (BS). We reviewed 210 patients with mean age of 39.1 ± 10.6 years (body mass index, 41.4 ± 5.5 kg/m2) undergoing BS. The primary outcome was the relationship between Iron and eGFR at 12-month after surgery. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed using postoperative eGFR as dependent variables and using Iron and other variables (i.e., age) as independent variables. At 12-month follow-up, 94 patients were analyzed. BMI significantly decreased, whereas serum iron level significantly increased. Although the percentage of patients with eGFR of < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 increased during the study period, no significant difference was found in postoperative 12-month eGFR. No correlations were noted between Iron and eGFR at baseline and postoperative 1 and 6 months, whereas a significant relationship was observed between Iron and postoperative 12-month eGFR. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that Iron and presence of diabetes were the independent predictors of postoperative 12-month eGFR. This pilot study showed a positive association of postoperative serum iron level with renal function in this patient population. Further large-scale trials are needed to confirm the findings.
Immune classification and identification of prognostic genes for uveal melanoma based on six immune cell signatures
Authors: Gao Guohong , Yu Zhilong , Zhao Xiaoyan , Fu Xinyi , Liu Shengsheng , Liang Shan , Deng Aijun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCutaneous melanoma could be treated by immunotherapy, which only has limited efficacy on uveal melanoma (UM). UM immunotyping for predicting immunotherapeutic responses and guiding immunotherapy should be better understood. This study identified molecular subtypes and key genetic markers associated with immunotherapy through immunosignature analysis. We screened a 6-immune cell signature simultaneously correlated with UM prognosis. Three immune subtypes (IS) were determined based on the 6-immune cell signature. Overall survival (OS) of IS3 was the longest. Significant differences of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score were detected among the three IS types. IS3 with the highest LDA score showed a low immunosuppression. IS1 with the lowest LDA score was more immunosuppressive. LDA score was significantly negatively correlated with most immune checkpoint-related genes, and could reflect UM patients’ response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified that salmon, purple, yellow modules were related to IS and screened 6 prognostic genes. Patients with high-expressed NME1 and TMEM255A developed poor prognosis, while those with high-expressed BEX5 and ROPN1 had better prognosis. There was no notable difference in OS between patients with high-expressed LRRN1 and ST13 and those with low-expressed LRRN1 and ST13. NME1, TMEM255A, Bex5 and ROPN1 showed potential prognostic significance in UM.
The nonlinear optical absorption and optical limiting properties of noble metal-doped ZnO films
Authors: Tian Peiran 
Published: November 2021

Herein, pure ZnO, Ag-doped ZnO, and Cu-doped ZnO films with excellent ultrafast (femtosecond) nonlinear absorption/limiting behavior were deposited on quartz substrates by magnetron sputtering. From the open-aperture Z-scan result, under femtosecond pulses, the strong two-photon absorption (TPA) behavior of metal-doped ZnO was found, and the absorption coefficient was found to be several times that of pure ZnO, which will expand the design and application strategies of metal-doped wide-gap semiconductor materials in the field of nonlinear devices. Moreover, the samples exhibited superior optical limiting behavior with respect to the optical modulation characteristics of the input–output laser. The mechanism of optical limiting effects is induced by the TPA-induced reverse saturable absorption of the deep level and low excited state processes.
Time of sowing influences wheat responses to applied phosphorus in alkaline calcareous soils in a temperate climate
Authors: Mason Sean , McDonald Glenn 
Published: November 2021

Adequate phosphorus (P) nutrition underpins cereal production in Australia and soil tests are commonly used to adjust fertiliser rates. The critical soil test values (i.e. required to achieve 90% of maximum yield) used for fertiliser recommendations have been derived from historic fertiliser trials sown mainly in May and June, with sowing date not considered in the interpretation of the critical values. However, the availability of long-season wheat cultivars has meant that crops can now be sown earlier. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of sowing time on optimum P rates for yield. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cvv. Mace and Trojan were grown at five P rates at three sites in the Mid-North and Yorke Peninsula of South Australia, on alkaline calcareous soils, in each of 2 years. Both varieties showed similar responses to P. Crops sown in late April–early May often had a low optimum P rate, and there was a general trend for the optimum P rate to increase with later sowing. However, early sowing reduced the optimum P rate only when April rainfall was high. Grain yield responded positively to increases in vegetative growth from P fertiliser, and the optimum P rate for vegetative growth and grain yield were correlated. Early sowing increased grain P concentrations, and P removal rates were similar to, or greater than, those of later sown crops. Sowing in April–early May can reduce the P requirements of wheat, but there is an increased likelihood of a negative P balance; therefore, monitoring of soil P reserves will be required. A relationship between the optimum P rate for yield and the partial nutrient balance may provide a benchmark to help manage P.
“Suspect-Proof”? Paranoia, Suspicious Reading, and the Racial Passing Narrative
Authors: Moynihan Sinéad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This short essay considers racial passing narratives in relation to the “postcritical turn,” highlighting the proliferating reappraisals of the practices of “suspicious” or “symptomatic” reading in literary studies and the extent to which passing narratives offer an opportunity to test some of the claims of this body of scholarship. The utility of the passing narrative for this critical project lies in its persistent, self-conscious foregrounding of reading practices. Revisiting passing narratives in light of postcritique reveals that symptomatic reading is not a monolithic practice; rather, there are multiple ways of reading suspiciously. Moreover, and more importantly, passing narratives disclose that what has now become an orthodoxy in postcritique—that attitudes such as “paranoia,” “suspicion,” and “vigilance” profoundly limit “the thickness and richness of our aesthetic attachments”—ignores contexts, like that of a passer in a white supremacist society, in which such strategies are not a choice but are essential for survival (Felski 17). The key question posed herein is: What forms of privilege enable a reader to relinquish her attachment to paranoia, suspicion, and vigilance; to opt for openness rather than guardedness, submission rather than aggression (21)? Narratives of racial passing provide one answer to that question.
The key question posed herein is: What forms of privilege enable a reader to relinquish her attachment to paranoia, suspicion, and vigilance; to opt, as Rita Felski advocates, for openness rather than guardedness, submission rather than aggression?
Fern fronds that move like pine cones: humidity-driven motion of fertile leaflets governs the timing of spore dispersal in a widespread fern species
Authors: Suissa Jacob S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The sensitive fern, Onoclea sensibilis, is a widespread species in eastern North America and has an atypical timing of spore dispersal among temperate ferns. During early summer, this dimorphic species produces heavily modified spore-bearing fronds with leaflets tightly enveloping their sporangia and spores. These fronds senesce and persist above ground as dead mature structures until the following early spring when the leaflets finally open and spores are dispersed. While this timing of spore dispersal has been observed for over 120 years, the structural mechanisms underpinning this phenology have remained elusive.

Methods
Based on field observations, growth chamber manipulations and scanning electron microscopy, the mechanisms underlying this distinctive timing of spore dispersal in the sensitive fern were investigated.

Key Results
I show that fertile leaflets of the sensitive fern move in direct response to changes in humidity, exhibiting structural and functional parallels with multicellular hygromorphic structures in seed plants, such as pine cones. These parallels include differences in cellulose microfibril orientation in cells on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the leaflet. The dynamics of this hygroscopic movement concomitant with regular abscission zones along the pinnules and coordinated senescence lead to the specific timing of early spring spore dispersal in the sensitive fern.

Conclusions
While hygroscopic movement is common in seed-free plants, it mostly occurs in small structures that are either one or a few cells in size, such as the leptosporangium. Given its multicellular structure and integration across many cells and tissues, the movement and construction of the sensitive fern pinnules are more similar to structures in seed plants. The evolution of this complex trait in the sensitive fern efficiently regulates the timing of spore release, leading to early spring dispersal. This phenology likely gives gametophytes and subsequent sporophytes an advantage with early germination and growth.
White Ethnicity in the Urban Crisis: Newark’s Italian Americans
Authors: Carnevale Nancy C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Scholars have largely understood the urban crisis, including racial violence, as a matter of Black versus white, with white ethnics in possession of a largely inconsequential ethnicity. An examination of two community leaders from Newark’s North Ward reveals competing Italian American perceptions of the urban crisis. Anthony Imperiale, the race-baiting demagogue and politician, has been portrayed by the media and by scholars as the lone voice of the North Ward. Stephen Adubato argued that urban white working-class ethnics like Italian American Newarkers were reacting to economic hardship at a time when they believed the government was advantaging African Americans. Rather than foster a white identity and anti-black sentiment, Adubato aimed to promote stronger Italian American ethnicity as a basis for making claims on resources. A consideration of the two men, using newspaper accounts and archival sources, illustrates that Newark’s Italian Americans as a distinct ethnic group had diverse if at times overlapping interpretations of their experience of the urban crisis rooted in identification by race on the one hand and ethnicity on the other. The attitudes toward and relations with African Americans represented by both men were grounded in real and imagined socioeconomic, political, and cultural realms within the specific racial context of the era and the challenges of the urban crisis which extended to the Italian American community.
Adding abductive reasoning to a propositional logic
Authors: Rasga João , Sernadas Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a technique for obtaining a logic with abductive reasoning extending a given propositional logic. Abduction, along with deduction and induction, is recognized as important for machine learning, namely in identifying possible causes that may lead to the occurrence of an event and in providing new ways for a computational device to achieve a certain objective. Each rule in the original calculus induces a set of multiple-conclusion abductive rules. Moreover, rules stating generic properties of abduction have to be added. In the induced logic, the deductive mechanism of the base logic coexists with this abductive component. A new notion of a multiple-conclusion derivation had to be developed. Due to the canonical nature of obtaining such a logic, we prove the preservation of soundness, completeness, decidability and computational complexity. These concepts and results are illustrated in a robot navigation problem using a multimodal logic.
One Hundred Years of Solitude and Its Influence in Japan
Authors: Robledo Gonzalo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Japanese translation of One Hundred Years of Solitude, published in 1972, was a landmark in Japan’s twentieth-century cultural life. From literature to cinema, from drama to anime film, García Márquez’s masterpiece has been hailed as a source for inspiration or as a professional milestone by leading Japanese creators. Authors such as Kenzaburō Ōe (Nobel laureate, 1994), Natsuki Ikezawa, and Kobo Abe openly acknowledged having undergone literary influence from the Colombian writer, while Haruki Murakami scholars point out how magical realism serves as García Márquez’s tool in depicting multiple explanations for a reality populated by traumatized characters. The subsequent Japanese publication of the near-totality of the Colombian Nobel laureate’s oeuvre, moreover, has helped bring into view a great many coincidences between magical realism and the subject matter and techniques of Japanese literary works produced since the end of the nineteenth century, when Japan ended its voluntary isolation and opened itself up to the West. The imprint of García Márquez on Japanese culture brings out parallels between two distant literary traditions that offer a reality different from that of the European, modifying it with magical or animistic elements. The legacy of GGM in cinema is present above all in the animated films of the Ghibli Studio, which submerge the viewer in a reality so palpable that one is induced to unquestioningly accept extravagant or implausible events.