bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Vitamin D Supplements be Used as Adjunct Treatment for COVID-19: A Rapid Review
Authors: Joson Marquis Von Angelo Syquio G. , Genuino Rowena Natividad F. , Tolosa Maria Teresa S. , Dans Leonila F. 
Published: December 2021

Background. Pooled data from observational studies suggest that patients with serum vitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL had an increased risk of infection and mortality from COVID-19. This rapid review aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of vitamin D as an adjunct treatment for COVID-19.
Methods. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and CENTRAL up to July 18, 2021. We also searched trial registries, gray literature, and reference lists of included and excluded studies in the search as well as COVID-19 guidelines. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, collected data, and assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted, and an evidence profile table using GRADEpro was generated. Outcomes included were mortality, need for mechanical ventilator or progression of oxygen support, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, hospital length of stay, SARS-CoV-2 positivity at day 21, and adverse events.
Results. We found four RCTs (3 low risk of bias and 1 high risk of bias). The sources of bias among the RCTs were unclear allocation, lack of blinding of patients, caregivers, and outcome assessors, and high drop-out rate. This rapid review found that the effects of vitamin D are inconclusive for the following outcomes: mortality (pooled RR 0.62, 95% CI [0.16 to 2.41], I2=49%; n=443, 3 RCTs, very low certainty of evidence), need for mechanical ventilator or progression of oxygen support (RR 0.52, 95% CI [0.24 to 1.13], n=237, 1 RCT, low certainty of evidence), and ICU admission (pooled RR 0.37, 95% CI [0.09 to 1.61], I2=78%; n=443, 3 RCTs, very low certainty of evidence. No significant reduction in hospital length of stay was found among those treated with vitamin D (MD 0 days, 95% CI [-1.19 to 1.09], low certainty of evidence). The duration of mechanical ventilation was also was also not significantly shortened in the treatment group (15 days) compared with placebo (12.8 days), MD 2.2 days, 95% CI [-8.4 to 12.8], low certainty of evidence. Interestingly, a higher proportion of those supplemented with vitamin D showed virologic clearance for COVID-19 on day 21 (RR 3.0, 95% CI [1.26 to 7.14], n=40, 1 RCT). At dosages between 60,000 to 200,000 IU of cholecalciferol, only one episode of vomiting (0.8%) was reported.
Conclusion. Based on the evidence found, we are uncertain whether vitamin D is beneficial or harmful for patients with COVID-19. There is very low certainty of evidence to recommend the use of vitamin D supplements as an adjunct treatment for patients with COVID-19. Vitamin D supplementation for patients with COVID-19 should be limited to clinical trials or among those with proven vitamin D deficiency. More published studies are awaited to explore the benefit or harm of vitamin D for COVID-19.
Teaching consultation skills in general practice: how to avoid the 'Pygmalion effect’'
Authors: Nightingale P 
Published: December 2021

There are two main aims of GP training:
1 To produce doctors who will analyse their work critically and continue to update their practice to meet standards based on the best available evidence.
2 To equip doctors with the skills and attitudes required to consult with patients in a way that maximises the chance of the patient benefiting from the doctor' s medical expertise.
In this article I shall concentrate on the second aim and explain why there is such a great emphasis on teaching the art of consultation in GP training. The subject is very topical. The BMJ on 18th September 1999 had a theme issue exploring the ways doctors may consult with patients, in which most of the authors are committed to the idea of doctor working 'in partnership' with patients to address their health needs. This very much supports the approach used in modern GP training.
PROSES PENGEMBALIAN KERUGIAN NEGARA AKIBAT TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI (Studi di Kejaksaan Negeri Medan)
Authors: Sihotang Lesson , Simalango Elsa Marlina 
Published: December 2021

To find out the process of recovering state losses in cases of corruption, and to find out the role of the prosecutor in the process of implementing state losses in cases of corruption as well as the obstacles to the process of recovering state losses due to corruption. And using the field method (field research), namely qualitative research by conducting direct research in the field to find out the existing problems through direct interviews with parties related to this research to obtain complete and accurate data. This results of the research that have been carried out are that the role of the Prosecutor in the implementation of returning state financial losses due to corruption through two instruments, the first is a criminal instrument, the second is a civil instrument. The implementation of the return of state losses due to corruption is carried out in a way, namely the Prosecutor's Office issues an order for the implementation of the decision (P48) to carry out the court's decision. Then the Prosecutor's Office reports each execution of the warrant in the Minutes of the Implementation of the Judge's Determination (BA-15). After completion, the Prosecutor's Office will send a letter of Implementation of the Determination of the Panel of Judges to the Head of the State Detention Center.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE NUMBER HEAD TOGETHER PADA SISWA KELAS III SDN 38/II PAUH AGUNG
Authors: Hidayat Puput Wahyu , AVANA NURLEV , SUMARTI RITA 
Published: December 2021

The background of this research is the low student learning outcomes caused by an inappropriate learning approach. The process carried out in the classroom is also not pleasant, causing the learning outcomes and learning process of students in class III of SD Negeri No.38/II Pauh Agung to be low. So with this problem, the researchers conducted research using the Number Head Together model.
This type of research is classroom action research which consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection, which is carried out collaboratively between practitioners and observers. The research was conducted in SD Negeri No. 38/II Pauh Agung. The subjects of this study were 20 third grade students. The research was carried out for 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings. Data collection techniques using the test method, observation sheets and documentation. Data analysis techniques are descriptive qualitative and quantitative.
Pengaruh Promosi Penjualan, Variasi Produk Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Minat Beli Ulang Pada Butik Kanabini Di Tenggarong
Authors: Peburiyanti Desi , Sabran Sabran 
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to analyze the influence of sales promotion, product variation and service quality of repurchase interest. Respondents who are involved on this study were 64 respondents. While this study used non-probability sampling. The number of independent variables studied were 3 namely sales promotion , product variation and service quality with 1 dependent variable namely repurchase intention. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires and the analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS statistics 23. From the results of the t test (partial) show that variabel sales promotion (x1) and product variation (x2) is rejected, it’s mean the variables has no effect on repurchase interes. On variable service quality (x3) is accepted, it’s mean this variable declared to have an effect on repurchase interest and proven truth, this statement is reinforced by the values described or explained earlier in the t test table (partial ) at the KanaBini Boutique in Tenggarong. Keywords : Sales Promotion, Product Variation, Service Quality and Repurchase Interest.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Sambungan Air Minum Pada PDAM Tenggarong Seberang
Authors: Palinggi Yonathan , Asmara Ningrum Novi Widya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of income variables, number of family members and the needs of influencing the demand for drinking water connections at the Tenggarong Seberang Branch Office of PDAM. This study used a research sample of 90 people with a probability sampling method. The analysis tool uses multiple regression analysis. The results showed that from the F test, it was found that F count 96.447> F table 2.47 so that it can be said that the variables of income, number of family members and needs together are able to show a significant effect on the demand for drinking water connections at the Tenggarong Seberang Branch Office of PDAM. Partially, the income variable, family member variable, need variable have a positive influence on the demand for drinking water connections. The variable of need has the most dominant influence on the demand for water connection, which is 0.617 or 61.7%, followed by the income variable of 0.588 or 58.8%, and the variable of the number of family members is 0.483 or 48.3%.

Keywords : Customer Income, Number of Family Members, Needs, Connection Request
Pengaruh Variasi Produk Dan Citra Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang Pada Susu Setia Di Tenggarong
Authors: Krismonanda Febrian , Iskandar Iskandar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of product variations and brand image simultaneously, to analyze product variations and brand image to partial repurchase decisions, and to determine the independent variables that had the most dominant influence on repurchase decisions at Susu Setia. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple regression analysis. Samples were taken using the Slovin formula as many as 99.61 or 100 people.
The results showed that the variable product variation and brand image had a simultaneous and partial effect on repurchase decisions at Susu Setia in Tenggarong. In addition, the Brand Image variable has the most dominant influence as seen from the B coefficient value of the Brand Image which is the largest compared to other variables. Based on the characteristics of respondents in the categories of gender, occupation, and age, it is proven that consumers are dominated by the female gender, millennial age with student status. Thus, the promotions carried out by Susu Loyal to increase repurchase decisions are targeted at this segment.

Keywords: Product Variation, Brand Image and Repurchase Decision
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi Dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Mahakam Energi Berkah
Authors: Johansyah Johansyah , Habibi Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of organizational climate variables and career development on employee work spirit simultaneously and partially. In addition, to determine the most dominant variable affecting employee work spirit at PT. Mahakam Energy Blessing in Tenggarong Seberang. The responden in this study were all production employees at PT. The Mahakam of Blessing Energy numbered 93 people. The analytical tool used is qualitative analysis with multiple regression models. Based on the simultaneous test table, it can be concluded that the variable organizational climate and career development simultaneously affect employee morale. Organizational climate and career development variables have a partial effect on employee morale. From the two partial correlation test results, it can be seen that the value of the organizational climate variable is the largest compared to the career development variable, so that the organizational climate variable is the most dominant variable affecting work morale.

Keywords: Organizational Climate, Career Development, Work Spirit
THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS IN STRENGTHENING THE SECURITY AND DEFENSE SECTOR OF THE STATE
Authors: Romanyuk Yuriy , Palyvoda Volodymyr 
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problems of special and intelligence services, defines the role of civil society in expanding the intelligence community of Ukraine.
Examples of advanced countries’ best foreign practices in the engagement of NGOs in national security problems solutions are given. Essential for our State national security priority tasks have been identified. These include: "rebooting" the security sector, strengthening mutual trust, promoting democratic institutions, and building an active civil society.
Areas and ways of non-governmental institutions and public organizations' involvement in the implementation of special tasks to achieve the necessary synergy and strengthen national resilience are identified. Such main areas could include, in particular: drafting recommendations to improve state policy in the areas of national security, the protection of citizens' rights and freedoms, the constitutional order; conducting public examination of the national security bills, drafting national security legislation, monitoring of relevant documents to increase the efficiency of their implementation and the responsibility of enforcers; collecting open sources information commissioned by intelligence and special services, preparing analytical studies and reports on specific issues on a contractual basis; participation in planning and conduct of certain special operations under the general direction and coordination of intelligence agencies and special services; development of basic science in the interests of security and defence of the country, conducting applied research, creating new technologies; preparation of proposals for the implementation of national security legislation; development of appropriate mechanisms and procedures for public control; respect for freedom of speech, constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens.
RUSSIAN DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA IN THE POLISH INFOSPHERE – CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Marek Michał 
Published: December 2021

The publication addresses the issue of stimulation through private media companies and foreign entities of anxiety and social tensions on the wave of the Covid19 pandemic. The publication presents the process of influence of environments permanently involved in the process of disinformation, in activities serving to intensify social polarization and the effects of the crisis as a result of activity in the Internet space. An important element of the publication is to indicate the relationship between the described centers of influence spreading harmful content and their participation in the popularization of content convergent with the messages of Russian disinformation centers. The presented material is based on the analysis of content posted by portals identified as permanently involved in the process of popularization of Russian disinformation narratives. The aim of the article is to show the threat to social order resulting from the activities of unrestricted alternative portals influencing, among other things, social networks. The activity of the indicated environments, which seem to be partially copying the Russian information agenda, is shown as an element of activities destabilizing the modern country and society. The paper lists the specific aspects influenced by these environments, and emphasises the connection between these aspects and the goals of Kremlin policy (specific narratives and the goals they are supposed to pursue are indicated). Portals and examples of publications are also listed. The analysis aims to identify the threat to contemporary European society posed by the lack of adequate country control over the Internet (especially social networks) – this issue is examined in the context of attempts to exploit this condition by an external factor for hostile activity.
Anna Rocchi, L’incontro con la wilderness. Macrofiguralità e incroci intertestuali da Conrad a Malouf e Patchett
Authors: Vallorani Nicoletta 
Published: December 2021

Anna Rocchi, L’incontro con la wilderness. Macrofiguralità e incroci intertestuali da Conrad a Malouf e Patchett (Pisa, Edizioni ETS, 2017, pp. 171 ISBN 978-884-674-687-0)
di Nicoletta Vallorani
PENGGUNAAN PLATFORM GOOGLE CLASSROOM DAN WHATSAPP SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMIC COVID 19
Authors: Sadat Fahad Achmad 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi Penggunaan Platform Google Classroom dan WhatsApp sebagai Media Pembelajaran Daring di Madrasah Aliyah Nahdlatul Ulama pada masa pandemic COVID 19 dengan semangat Merdeka Belajar. Pendekatan penelitian ini, yaitu, deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data interaktif. Berdasarkan penelitian penggunaan Google classroom dan WhatsApp sebagai media pembelajaran daring bagi siswa Madrasah Aliyah Nahdatul Ulama (MANU) Putra Buntet Pesantren Cirebon di masa pandemic COVID 19 dengan semangat Merdeka Belajar berjalan lancar didukung oleh lembaga yang menfasilitasi proses pembelajaran daring dan orang tua siswa yang mensuport anak-anaknya sehingga pembelajaran daring berjalan dengan baik..
The Educational Experiences of Students with Asperger Syndrome
Authors: Tippett Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

The Ministry of Education’s policy, Special Education 2000 (SE 2000) was intended to promote a model that ensured all students received an education that involved successful experiences (Ministry of Education, 1996). Students with Asperger Syndrome (AS) often have difficulty adapting to and achieving these successful experiences in their educational environment. This paper summarises the findings from a research project that was designed to investigate the issues that arise for students with AS, determine whether or not these experiences are generally positive or negative, and examine to what extent teachers have knowledge of AS. Data was gathered from interviews with three students, their parents and their teachers and a survey to examine teacher knowledge. Data was also gathered from nine interviews and twenty-nine questionnaires. This paper reports on the data gathered from the interviews. The emerging issues were: Difficulties accessing the curriculum, social difficulties, misunderstanding of parents’ roles, teacher responsibility, bullying, lack of teacher aide support, placement difficulties and sensory and environmental factors. The study concluded that the educational experience of the students was generally negative. The level of teacher knowledge was low, although the majority of teachers expressed an interest in gaining further knowledge.
The application of generalized additive models (GAMs) for assessing the teleconnection of ENSO and IOD with monsoon rainfall variability over Krishna river basin, India
Authors: MALLAPPA J. MADOLLI  , UMESH MADOLLI  , HUMA KOUSAR SANGRESKOP  , GOUDA P.A.  
Published: December 2021

The present study examines the teleconnection of ENSO andIOD with monsoon rainfall (MN) and low, moderate and heavy rainfall events (LREs, MREs and HREs) over the Krishna river basin, using generalized additive models (GAMs) with suitable distribution. The outputs of GAMs indicate that, Poisson distribution is superior to the other distributions in assessing the teleconnection of ENSO-MN-IOD in the study area. Further, study resultsshowed that ENSO and IOD has significant (p < 0.001) non-linear responses to theLREs, MREs,HREs and MN. The influence of IOD on MN, LREs, MREs and HREs found positive on some parts, while negative on the other parts of the study area (i.e. heterogeneous in nature). While, ENSO has consistent negative influence on MN, LREs, MREs and HREsin the study area. Furthermore, La Niña and El Niño had positive and negative influenceon the MN, LREs, MREs and HREs respectively. The study outcomes will help the hydro-meteorologist and water related policy makers in modeling the impact of monsoon rainfall system on water, agriculture and allied sectors.
Trend analyses of regional time series of temperatures and rainfall of the Tapi basin
Authors: GANESH D. KALE  
Published: December 2021

Climate change information at the scale of basin is vital for planning, development and use of water. The Tapi basin is climatically responsive. Hydrological response of a basin is based mainly on rainfall and temperature. Variations in climate at regional scales impacts fundamental features of our life. Thus, in the present work, trend analyses of regional time series (1971-2004) of minimum, mean, maximum temperatures and rainfallis performed for monthly, annual and seasonal scales for the Tapi basin. Correlogram is utilized for evaluation of dependence of data. Mann-Kendall test and Mann-Kendall test with block bootstrapping are applied for the evaluation of trend significance. Sen’s slope test is applied for the evaluation of trend magnitude. Sequential Mann-Kendall test is applied for assessment of beginning and end of the trend. Statistically significant positive trends are detected in regional annual and winter Tmean time series with their beginning in years 1974 and 1972, respectively.
Effect of weather variability on growth and yield of wheat crop under semi-arid region of India
Authors: ANANTA VASHISTH  , AVINASH GOYAL  , P. KRISHANAN  
Published: December 2021

For generating different weather conditions during various phenological stages, experiments were conducted on two varieties of wheat (HD-2967 and HD-3086) sown on three different dates at the research farm of IARI, New Delhi during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17. Soil temperature, soil moisture, leaf area index, biomass, chlorophyll content, radiation interceptions were measured during different crop growth stages. Number of days taken for each phenological stage was observed and thermal time for different phenological stages were calculated. Results showed that first sown crop had higher value of crop growth parameters and yield as compared to second and third sown crop.HD-3086 had higher value of LAI, biomass and yield than HD-2967. Grain yield had significant positive correlation with growing degree days during grain filling stage. Soil temperature measured at 2.21 PMat 5, 10, 15, 20 cm depth had 1-5°C lower value than the air temperature. Soil moisture measured at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm depths had slightly higher soil moisture for HD-3086 as compared to corresponding value in HD-2967 during emergence, flowering and grain filling stages. Percentage relative water content in HD-2967 was found to be higher in first sown crop followed by second and third sown crop. However, in HD-3086, percentage relative water content was found to be higher in first sown crop followed by third and second sown crop. Grain yield had significant positive correlation with relative water content during different phenological stages. HD-3086hadhigherradiation use efficiency as compared to HD-2967 in all weather conditions.