bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR KNOWN AND UNKNOWN IMPURITIES PROFILING FOR CARVEDILOL PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM (TABLETS)
Authors: MAHAJAN NITIN , DESHMUKH SUPARNA , FAROOQUI MAZAHAR 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of the research work to develop a simple, sensitive, rugged, robust and specific novel gradient stability indicating reverse phase HPLC method for quantitative determination of known and unknown impurities profiling of Carvedilol pharmaceutical dosage forms (Tablets).
Methods: Chromatographic separation has been achieved on an Inertsil ODS 3V column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5μm) with mobile phase consisting Mobile phase-A (Water, Acetonitrile and Trifluroacetic acid in the ratio of 80:20:0.1 v/v/v respectively and pH adjusted to 2.0 with dilute potassium hydroxide solution) and Mobile phase-B (Water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 100:900 v/v respectively) delivered at flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1 and the detection wavelength 240 nm. The column compartment temperature maintained at 40 °C.
Results: Resolution between Carvedilol and its impurities has been achieved greater than 1.5. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Analytical method found Precise, Linear, accurate, specific, rugged and robust.
Conclusion: Developed and validated novel analytical method can be used to for impurity profile analysis of Carvedilol Pharmaceutical dosage form (Tablets).
"FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MORONIC ACID LOADED TRANSDERMAL PATCHES"
Authors: RANI RITU , KAUR TARANJIT , SINGH AJEET PAL , SINGH AMAR PAL 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To prepare Transdermal patches of Moronic acid along with various polymers for controlled release action.
Methods: Suitable method such as Solvent Casting Technique of Film Casting Technique are used for the preparation of Transdermal patch.
Results: The prepared Transdermal patches were transparent, smooth, uniform and flexible. The method adopted for the preparation of the system was found satisfactory.
Conclusion: Various formulations were developed by using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers like HPMC E5 and EC respectively in single and combinations by solvent evaporation technique with the incorporation of penetration enhancer such as dimethylsulfoxide and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. Formulation F7 containing an equal ratio of HPMC E5: EC (5:5) showed maximum and sustained release of 86.814±0.262 within 24 h. Kinetic models were used to confirm the release mechanism of the formulations. Moronic acid release from the patches F1 to F7 followed non Fickian diffusion rate controlled mechanism.
Social Capital and Internal Control Material Weaknesses
Authors: Krishnan Jayanthi , Lee Sang Mook , Son Myungsoo , Song Hakjoon 
Published: November 2021

SYNOPSIS
Using a measure of social capital provided by the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, we document that, after controlling for auditor effort, firms headquartered in U.S. counties with higher social capital are less likely to have ineffective internal control over financial reporting than those located in regions with lower social capital. This negative association between local social capital and ineffective internal controls holds when other forms of external monitoring are weak. We also find that the association is driven by ineffective internal control arising from entity-level, but not from account-specific, material weaknesses. Overall, we contribute to the literature that links firms' social environment with financial reporting quality.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Teaching Legal English with “Modified Clil”
Authors: Dundon John Terry 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper will describe the methodology for teaching legal English used at the Fordham University School of Law’s Legal English Institute (LEI), a one-semester program for law students and attorneys. Reasonable minds may disagree about the most effective methodology for teaching legal English, or for that matter any other form of academic English, but we have developed an approach that is informed by both theory and practice. At LEI, we use a “modified CLIL” format, with four substantive classes on topics in U.S. law that run in parallel with a core class on legal English. All four substantive classes use authentic reading materials that are similar to those used in an LL.M. program, and these materials are recycled in the legal English class and form the basis of discussions about language issues. Our use of content classes (as opposed to explicit language classes) to elicit language issues has proven to be effective and it also helps keep students motivated, as students tend to have more intrinsic interest in legal topics than in language study per se.
Who is Right, Who is Wrong? Interpreting 14 Points of Wilson – A Case Study of Deontic Modals and their Meanings
Authors: Matulewska Aleksandra , Mikołajczyk Marek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The document titled “14 points of Wilson” was announced by the President of the United States Woodrow Wilson in his speech addressed to the United States Congress on 8th January 1918. The speech is one of the most well known documents of the First World War as it touched upon several world issues. The text has been interpreted ever since in respect to the importance and real meaning of points formulated by Wilson. One of the points referred to Poland. The aim of the paper is to focus on the exponents of deontic modality used in that text of historical value and to find the answer to the question concerning the deontic value of each point. The analysis will encompass the principles of deontic logic as well as the meaning of deontic modals in legal discourse at the time of speech delivery as those 14 points should be classified as a text belonging to legal genres. The aim of the paper is to present the historical background and the linguistic analysis in order to find out whether historical facts, interpretations and language used correspond with one another.
Quantitative Distribution of Verbal Structures with Reference to the Authorship Factor in Legal Stylistics
Authors: Więcławska Edyta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper aims at describing the findings and conclusions formulated in the analysis of the authorship factor in legal discourse. It is hypothesised that verbal structures show systemically varied distribution across legal discourse and the relevant distinctions run through the authorship categories. When it comes to the aim of the research it draws on the tradition of sociolinguistic methodology targeting issues related to language variation which follows the basic assumptions of functional grammar. From the point of view of the material covered by the analysis it contributes to the research on legal discourse and specifically on its specialised domain referred to as corporate, company or business discourse. It provides additional empirical data pointing to the non-homogeneity of the legal style and formal distinctions originating from rich contextual background. The study is conducted on the material of a custom-designed corpus of English legal texts, classified as secondary genres.
Methodologically, the study makes use of the tenets of supervised search of digitalised corpora and automatic data extraction based on discrete units, subsequent identification of recurring longer contiguous and/or non-contiguous sequences, if any, built around the axis of specific verbal structures and finally qualitative comparative analysis (characterisation) of the material. The discussion presents sample data and focuses on the most salient categories, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The inductive approach confirms the formal divergencies in the communicative situation covered by the analysis.
The findings encapsulate patterns and tendencies in the quantitative distribution of verbal structures depending on the authorship category. It may be concluded that authorship is a factor delineating distinctions as regards (i) the repertoire of grammatical instruments exploited (verbal structures), which contributes to the specific stylistic profile of given authors. This shows that the thesis posed is verified positively and the study shows further, more detailed distinctions running through groups of subcategories distinguished within the authorship categories specified upon the start of the research.
Teleology of A. P. Chekhov’s Story “My Life” (Theme and Thematical Motifs)
Authors: Sinyakova Lyudmila N. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose. The study is devoted to main thematical motifs of Chekhov’s story “My Life”. The correspondence between them reveals thematical integrity of the story. Teleology, the philosofical and conceptual aim of literary creative work, gets its manifestation by means of thematic unity.
Results. The hero of the story, Misail Poloznev, breaks off relations with his narrow-minded father, an untalented civil architect. Gentry son, Misail would not choose some respectable job and prefers to work as a house-painter. He declares the importance of manual labor, so he feels like a social outcast in the town. The first leading motif of the story is a labor necessity. Another house-painter, Redka, shares its opinion. His credo is no lie, no deceive, technical skills.
True and untrue way of living is the next important motif in the plot and thematical structure of the story. It realizes in two subjects: Masha Dolzhikova’s slogan “Everything is being past through” and Doctor Blagovo’s theory of progress indifferent to ethic goals of self-perfection. Misail Polosnev, on contrary, is sure that “nothing gets past through without a trace”, that a man is responsible on his deeds.
The motif of life as a play is a derivate of the responsibility motif. Masha plays in life like an actress. She and Dr. Dolzhikov are completely egoistic, so Misail’s father is. Misail, his sister and Redka live for others’ good.
Finally, this way is the only right way to live.
Conclusion. The general theme of Chekov’s story “Me Life” is free will of the person tied with his or hers sense of responsibility. Motifs of free labor, true living and common duty units the thematical wholeness of the story. Its teleology is a need of ethic existence for everyone.
STUDY OF EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER DURING DRYING OF BERRY RAW MATERIALS TAKING INTO THE SHRINKAGE PHENOMENON
Authors: АКУЛИЧ А.В. , ГОСТИНЩИКОВА Л.А. 
Published: November 2021

Исследованы закономерности внешнего массообмена при сушке ягодного сырья для различных способов энергоподвода. Установлено, что ягоды при сушке подвержены значительной объемной (72–81%) и линейной (35–43%) усадке, которую необходимо учитывать при расчете коэффициентов массоотдачи. Объекты исследования – ягоды черники, красной и черной смородины. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по сушке ягодного сырья при конвективном и конвективном с ИК-излучением способах энергоподвода. Исследования проведены при скорости сушильного агента хса1,2 м/с и температуре tса 70°С. Получены критериальные уравнения внешнего массоообмена при сушке ягод для периода постоянной скорости, учитывающие объемную усадку. Определено, что при сушке с конвективным энергоподводом объемная усадка при одном и том же значении критерия Рейнольдса оказывает на 12–20% большее влияние на интенсивность массоообмена для красной смородины по сравнению с черникой и черной смородиной. При сушке с конвективным энергоподводом, ИК-излучением и предварительным прокалыванием объемная усадка наиболее существенно влияет на массообмен для черной смородины, протекающий в 1,5–1,8 раза интенсивнее по сравнению с черникой и красной смородиной. Полученные критериальные уравнения могут быть использованы при расчете и проектировании установок для сушки ягодного сырья.
The laws of external mass transfer during drying of berry raw materials for various methods of energy supply are investigated. It is established that the berries during drying are subject to significant volumetric (72–81%) and surface (35–43%) shrinkage, which must be taken into account when calculating the mass transfer coefficients. The objects of the study were various berries: blueberries, red and black currants. Experimental studies have been carried out on the drying of selected berries both in the case of convective and convective methods with IR radiation. Investigations were carried out at a drying agent velocity хса1,2 m/s and its temperature tca70°С. The criterion equations of external mass transfer during drying of berries for a period of constant speed, taking into account the volume shrinkage, are obtained. It was determined that during drying with convective energy supply, volume shrinkage with the same value of the Reynolds criterion on 12–20% has a greater effect on the mass transfer rate for red currants. When drying with convective energy supply, IR radiation and preliminary piercing, the volume shrinkage most significantly affects the mass transfer for black currants, which is 1,5–1,8 times more intense than blueberries and red currants. The obtained criterial equations can be used in the calculation and design of berries dryers.
ETNOZOOLOGI MASYARAKAT SUKU DAYAK KANAYATN UNTUK PENGOBATAN, RITUAL ADAT DAN MISTIS DI DESA GOMBANG KECAMATAN SENGAH TEMILA KABUPATEN LANDAK
Authors: Subarata Flek , Dirhamsyah M , Anwari M Sofwan 
Published: November 2021

West Kalimantan is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has various types of tribes. The variety of use of animals is an implication of the diversity of ethnicities, both in terms of the types of animals used, the form of utilization and how to use them. The purpose of this study was to record and examine the use of animal species used by the Kanayatn Dayak Community for treatment, traditional and mystical rituals in Gombang Village, Sengah Temila District, Landak Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method and interviews with selected respondents and direct observation in the field. This study obtained 11 selected respondents and obtained 28 species of animals consisting of 22 families that are used by the people of Gombang Village for Medicine, Traditional Rituals, and Mystics. On average, each family only consists of 1 species except for families Carvidae, Suidae, Gekkonidae, Elipidae, Accipitridae and Apidae which consist of 2 species each. Based on the class level, 7 classes of animals were used, namely Mammals, Reptiles, Aves, Amphibians, Insects, Pisces, and Molluscs. The parts of animals that are used include the whole body, meat, bile, fat, honey, bones, liver, eggs, head, blood, voice, horns, fangs, feathers, presence and venom/poison. Keywords: Dayak Kanayatn, Ethnozoology, Treatment, Traditional and Mystical RitualsAbstrakKalimantan Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki beragam jenis suku. Ragam pemanfaatan satwa merupakan implikasi dari beragamnya etnis, baik dalam hal jenis satwa yang dimanfaatkan, bentuk pemanfaatan maupun cara memanfaatkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendata dan mengkaji pemanfaatan jenis-jenis hewan yang dimanfaatkan oleh Masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn untuk pengobatan, ritual adat dan mistis di Desa Gombang Kecamatan Sengah Temila Kabupaten Landak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan wawancara terhadap responden terpilih serta pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Penelitian ini diperoleh 11 responden terpilih dan diperoleh 28 jenis satwa yang terdiri atas 22 famili yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat Desa Gombang untuk Pengobatan, Ritual Adat, dan Mistis. Rata-rata setiap famili hanya terdiri dari 1 spesies kecuali untuk famili Carvidae, Suidae, Gekkonidae, Elipidae, Accipitridae dan Apidae yang terdiri masing-masing 2 spesies. Berdasarkan tingkat kelas diperoleh 7 kelas satwa yang dimanfaatkan yaitu Mamalia, Reptil, Aves, Amfibi, Insecta, Pisces, dan Molusca. Bagian satwa yang dimanfaatkan meliputi seluruh badan, daging, empedu, lemak, madu, tulang, hati, telur, kepala, darah, suara, tanduk, taring, bulu, keberadaan dan bisa/racun.Kata kunci: Dayak Kanayatn, Etnozoologi, Pengobatan, Ritual Adat dan Mistis
CONSTRUCCIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE FACTIBILIDAD PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE UN ESPEJO RETROVISOR POSTERIOR PARA UNA CAMIONETA
Authors: Paredes Gordillo Cristian Alejandro , Mena Izurieta Patricio Iván , Bautista Bravo Christian Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

La necesidad de espejos retrovisores en automóviles ha tenido cambios innovadores que benefician a su conductor, brindando una elegante apariencia en el vehículo como también mayor seguridad sus ocupantes. Las camionetas tienen el inconveniente de no tener un correcto ángulo de visión por parte del conductor hacia su parte trasera (balde) al momento de estacionarse, provocando en la mayoría de casos choques con otros objetos. En el desarrollo de este trabajo se construye y analiza la posibilidad de incorporar en el mercado nacional un espejo retrovisor ubicado en la parte trasera de una camioneta que aumente la visibilidad de la parte posterior al momento de estacionar. Se detalla los materiales de su fabricación como también el comportamiento del mismo en el vehículo. Se analiza costo de producción y la necesidad del producto en el mercado local para su posible producción. El retrovisor para camionetas tiene gran acogida debido que es una herramienta necesaria para evitar chocar con cualquier elemento que se encuentre detrás de una camioneta, y a un bajo costo.
FASILITAS DAN TINGKAT OPERASIONAL PELABUHAN PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Fazri Kurniawan , Solihin Iin , Mustaruddin  
Published: November 2021

Potensi sumberdaya ikan di perairan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan yang termasuk pada Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP 572) relatif besar mencapai 1.240.975 ton per tahun. Namun demikian, produksi perikanan laut di wilayah ini masih relatif rendah yaitu baru mencapai 30.961,73 ton pada tahun 2020 (DKP Aceh Selatan 2020). Artinya kontribusi Kabupaten Aceh Selatan masih relatif rendah. Salah satu faktor yang diduga menyebabkan masih rendahnya pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan adalah keterbatasannya infrastruktur pelabuhan perikanan yang ada di wilayah ini. Padahal keberadaan pelabuhan perikanan ini sangat penting bagi pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fasilitas dan tingkat operasional pelabuhan perikanan di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah metode komparatif yang membandingkan fasilitas dan operasional antar pelabuhan perikanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan fasilitas dasar di pelabuhan perikanan di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan rata rata baru mencapai 58,2%. Pelabuhan perikanan dengan tingkat operasional tertinggi adalah PPI Meukek yang mencakup penyediaan bahan bakar minyak, es, air bersih, frekuensi kunjungan kapal, produksi hasil tangkapan, pedagang dan pengolah.
Kata kunci: Aceh Selatan, fasilitas, operasional, pelabuhan perikanan
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Nelayan Rajungan Melalui Pengembangan Teknologi Alat Tangkap Bubu di Desa Pemongkong Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Syarif Husni  , M. Yusuf  , Muhammad Nursan  , Aeko Fria Utama FR  
Published: November 2021

Desa Pemongkong sebagai salah satu desa yang terletak di pesisir bagian barat Teluk Eka Kabupaten lombok Timur, sebagian besar masyarakatnya menggantungkan hidupnya pada sektor perikanan yakni sebagai nelayan tradisional. Selain sebagai nelayan penangkap ikan juga sebagai nelayan penangkap rajungan. Saat ini alat tangkap yang dioperasikan nelayan untuk menangkap rajungan didominasi jaring tasik. Penggunaan alat ini tidak efisien secara ekonomi dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan introdusksi alat tangkap BUBU, selain mampu meningkatkan ekonomi nelayan rajungan juga penggunaan alat tangkap ini ramah lingkungan. Tujuan PPM adalah melakukan sosialisasi teknologi alat tangkap ramah lingkungan dan introdusir teknologi alat tangkap bubu pada kelompok nelayan rajungan di Desa Pemongkong Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Metode pelaksanaan pemberdayaan ekonomi nelayan rajungan yaitu melalui metode Sosialisasi dan metode FGD. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan: a) Adopsi penggunaan alat tangkap BUBU oleh nelayan dapat ditingkatkan melalui skema kemitraan dan bantuan pemerintah b) Introdusir alat tangkap BUBU di kalangan nelayan diharapkan dapat diadopsi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan kelestarian lingkungan
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis
Authors: Hasanah Siti Idiatul , Susilawati Susilawati , Rokhmat Joni 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This study aims to develop problem-based learning tools to improve critical thinking skills that are valid, efficient, and effective for use in learning on harmonious vibration material. This research is a type of research and development (R&D) with a 4D model. At the define stage, is the initial stage for defining the problem. The design stage, designing learning device products in the form of syllabus, lesson plans, student worksheet, critical thinking skills test instruments, and learning videos. The develop stage is the development of the device from the results of the validity of the learning tools obtained from the validation results of 6 validators consisting of 3 expert validators and 3 on validators. The practicality or efficiency of the learning device is obtained from the responses of students and the learning implementation sheet. Increased critical thinking ability of students to analyze by determining the standard acquisition of the results before and after learning. The results of the validation show that the learning device components are in the very valid category for the syllabus and valid enough for lesson plans, student worksheet, critical instrument test skills, and video learning which means that they are good enough to be used in learning Reliability of the syllabus, lesson plans, student worksheet, critical thinking ability test instruments, and learning videos above 75% show all components that are in the reliable category. The results of student responses, as well as the implementation of learning are in the very practical category. Student learning outcomes have increased with a acquisition value of 0.66 which is in the medium category. Based on these results, it can be learned that problem-based learning tools are valid, efficient and effective for use in learning and problem-based learning models that affect students’ critical thinking skills. The last stage is to disseminate the dissemination stage of the device where at this stage it is done by making journals to send. Keywords: Development of problem-based learning tools, critical thinking skills, harmonious vibration
Pengaruh Respon Model Discovery Learning Berbasis Media Aplikasi terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Mebang Veronika , Komariyah Laili , Haryanto Zeni 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan menerapkan respon model pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis media aplikasi di SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pre-Eksprimental dengan desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu Purposive Sampling dengan sampel kelas X Mipa sebanyak 38 orang. Pengambilan data penelitian ini menggunakan tes awal dan tes akhir yang kemudian di analisis menggunakan N-Gain serta menganalisis angket respon. Hasil analisis diperoleh N-Gain sebesar 0,34 termasuk dalam kriteria sedang. Hasil analisis angket menunjukan bahwa siswa memberikan respon yang baik. Respon siswa yang memberikan tanggapan cukup baik sebesar 23,6%, dan tanggapan baik sebesar 76,3%. Hasil uji regresi didapatkan t hitung sebesar 7,167 untuk nilai t tabel sebesar 2,028. Berdasarkan nilai R square sebesar 0,588 menunjukan bahwa 58,80% berarti ada pengaruh respon model discovery learning berbasis media aplikasi terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa.