bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High concentration and high dose of disinfectants and antibiotics used during the COVID-19 pandemic threaten human health
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Guo Jinsong , Jiang Yanxue , Shao Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe issue of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created enormous threat to global health. In an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19, a huge amount of disinfectants and antibiotics have been utilized on public health. Accordingly, the concentration of disinfectants and antibiotics is increasing rapidly in various environments, including wastewater, surface waters, soils and sediments. The aims of this study were to analyze the potential ecological environment impacts of disinfectants and antibiotics by summarizing their utilization, environmental occurrence, distribution and toxicity. The paper highlights the promoting effects of disinfectants and antibiotics on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and even antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). The scientific evidences indicate that the high concentration and high dose of disinfectants and antibiotics promote the evolution toward antimicrobial resistance through horizontal gene transformation and vertical gene transformation, which threaten human health. Further concerns should be focused more on the enrichment, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of disinfectants, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and even antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in human bodies.
Segmental differences in Slc26a3-dependent Cl− absorption and HCO3− secretion in the mouse large intestine in vitro in Ussing chambers
Authors: Hayashi Hisayoshi , Nagai Hiroki , Ohba Kou-ichiro , Soleimani Manoocher , Suzuki Yuichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe anion exchanger slc26a3 (DRA), which is mutated in congenital chloride-losing diarrhea, is expressed in the apical membrane of the cecum and middle-distal colon but not in the proximal colon of rodent large intestines. To elucidate the functional roles of DRA, we measured unidirectional 36Cl− and 22Na+ fluxes and HCO3− secretion in vitro in each of these segments using DRA-KO mice. Robust Cl− absorption, which was largely abolished after DRA deficiency, was present in the cecum and middle-distal colon but absent in the proximal colon. Na+ absorption was present in all three segments in both the control and DRA-KO mice. The luminal-Cl−-dependent HCO3− secretions in the cecum and middle-distal colon were abolished in the DRA-KO mice. In conclusion, DRA mediates Cl− absorption and HCO3− secretion in the mouse cecum and middle-distal colon, and may have roles in H2O absorption and luminal acid/base regulation in these segments.
Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants
Authors: Shi Xiao-Bin , Yan Shuo , Zhang Chi , Zheng Li-Min , Zhang Zhan-Hong , Sun Shu-E , Gao Yang , Tan Xin-Qiu , Zhang De-Yong , Zhou Xu-Guo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory.

Results
Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

Conclusions
We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.
Association between supportive interventions and healthcare utilization and outcomes in patients on long-term prescribed opioid therapy presenting to acute healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deschamps Jean , Gilbertson James , Straube Sebastian , Dong Kathryn , MacMaster Frank P. , Korownyk Christina , Montgomery Lori , Mahaffey Ryan , Downar James , Clarke Hance , Muscedere John , Rittenbach Katherine , Featherstone Robin , Sebastianski Meghan , Vandermeer Ben , Lynam Deborah , Magnussen Ryan , Bagshaw Sean M. , Rewa Oleksa G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Long-term prescription of opioids by healthcare professionals has been linked to poor individual patient outcomes and high resource utilization. Supportive strategies in this population regarding acute healthcare settings may have substantial impact.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies. The studies were included according to the following criteria: 1) age 18 and older; 2) long-term prescribed opioid therapy; 3) acute healthcare setting presentation from a complication of opioid therapy; 4) evaluating a supportive strategy; 5) comparing the effectiveness of different interventions; 6) addressing patient or healthcare related outcomes. We performed a qualitative analysis of supportive strategies identified. We pooled patient and system related outcome data for each supportive strategy.

Results
A total of 5664 studies were screened and 19 studies were included. A total of 9 broad categories of supportive strategies were identified. Meta-analysis was performed for the “supports for patients in pain” supportive strategy on two system-related outcomes using a ratio of means. The number of emergency department (ED) visits were significantly reduced for cohort studies (n = 6, 0.36, 95% CI [0.20–0.62], I2 = 87%) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 3, 0.71, 95% CI [0.61–0.82], I2 = 0%). The number of opioid prescriptions at ED discharge was significantly reduced for RCTs (n = 3, 0.34, 95% CI [0.14–0.82], I2 = 78%).

Conclusion
For patients presenting to acute healthcare settings with complications related to long-term opioid therapy, the intervention with the most robust data is “supports for patients in pain”.
Thygeson’s superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK): a paediatric case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tang Xiao-Jiao , Liu Qing , Pi Lian-Hong , Chen Xin-Ke , Chen Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Thygeson’s superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) is reportedly a rare disease with an insidious onset, numerous remissions and exacerbations, and a long duration. The corneal lesions are elevated, whitish–grey in colour, and granular in the intraepithelium. A few reported cases of TSPK exist, and paediatric experience is limited. Due to the unknown aetiology and controversial treatment strategies for TSPK, we performed a literature review to summarize the criteria for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of TSPK to provide a basis for the treatment of TSPK in paediatric patients.

Case presentation
The clinical course of a boy with TSPK who repeatedly presented with episodes of tearing, photophobia and foreign body sensation in both eyes is described. Irritation was uncontrollable with antiviral and antibiotic medications, and it was managed by corticosteroids. No recurrence was reported at the 1-year follow-up after corticosteroid replacement and tapering.

Conclusions
The clinical features, treatment and prognosis between adult and paediatric TSPK patients have many similarities. The diagnosis of TSPK in children is more difficult, leading to missed diagnosis. TSPK needs to be carefully differentiated from other types of keratitis, especially intraepithelial secondary and other infectious ocular surface diseases.
Does obesity persist from childhood to adolescence? A 4-year prospective cohort study of chinese students in Hong Kong
Authors: Tung Joanna Yuet-ling , Ho Frederick Ka-wing , Tung Keith Tsz-suen , Wong Rosa Sze-man , Wong Wilfred Hing-sang , Chow Bik-chu , Ip Patrick 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the progression of obesity from childhood to adolescence. This study aimed to longitudinally examine the obesity status in a cohort of children across their childhood and adolescence, and to identify the factors associated with persistent obesity.

Methods
The study used data from School Physical Fitness Award Scheme (SPFAS), a population-based programme in Hong Kong primary and secondary schools. Students were included if they participated in the SPFAS in both 2014 (Primary 1 and 2) and 2018 (Primary 5 and 6). Their anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were analyzed.

Results
A total of 18,863 students were included. The baseline prevalence of obesity was 5.7 %. After 4 years, the prevalence increased to 6.7 %. Among those with obesity at baseline, 35.3 % remained obese after 4 years. The addition of baseline physical fitness level did not improve the prediction for persistent obesity.

Conclusions
One-third of obese students in junior primary school remained to be obese into adolescence. Their baseline physical fitness level did not improve the predictive value for future obesity. Further studies should investigate the prognostic factors that may influence the natural course of childhood obesity.
Household factors and under-five mortality in Bankass, Mali: results from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Boettiger David C. , Treleaven Emily , Kayentao Kassoum , Guindo Mahamadou , Coumaré Mama , Johnson Ari D. , Whidden Caroline , Koné Naimatou , Cissé Amadou Beydi , Padian Nancy , Liu Jenny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRural parts of Mali carry a disproportionate burden of the country’s high under-five mortality rate. A range of household factors are associated with poor under-five health in resource-limited settings. However, it is unknown which most influence the under-five mortality rate in rural Mali. We aimed to describe household factors associated with under-five mortality in Bankass, a remote region in central Mali.MethodsWe analysed baseline household survey data from a trial being conducted in Bankass. The survey was administered to households between December 2016 and January 2017. Under-five deaths in the five years prior to baseline were documented along with detailed information on household factors and women’s birth histories. Factors associated with under-five mortality were analysed using Cox regression.ResultsOur study population comprised of 17,408 under-five children from 8322 households. In the five years prior to baseline, the under-five mortality rate was 152.6 per 1000 live births (158.8 and 146.0 per 1000 live births for males and females, respectively). Living a greater distance from a primary health center was associated with a higher probability of under-five mortality for both males (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.53 for ≥10 km versus < 2 km, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.88) and females (aHR 1.59 for ≥10 km versus < 2 km, 95% CI 1.27–1.99). Under-five male mortality was additionally associated with lower household wealth quintile (aHR 1.47 for poorest versus wealthiest, 95%CI 1.21–1.78), lower reading ability among women of reproductive age in the household (aHR 1.73 for cannot read versus can read, 95%CI 1.04–2.86), and living in a household with access to electricity (aHR 1.16 for access versus no access, 95%CI 1.00–1.34).ConclusionsU5 mortality is very high in Bankass and is associated with living a greater distance from healthcare and several other household factors that may be amenable to intervention or facilitate program targeting.
Severe COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a sickle cell disease adult patient: case report
Authors: Teulier Marion , Elabbadi Alexandre , Gerotziafas Grigorios , Lionnet François , Voiriot Guillaume , Fartoukh Muriel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Sickle-cell anaemia is a widespread genetic disease prevalent worldwide among African and African-American populations. The pathogenesis is most often revealed by pulmonary conditions, including acute thoracic syndrome, which is affecting the life expectancy of these populations. The global spread of CoV2-SARS infection with a respiratory tropism, endothelial damages and procoagulant status endangers the SCD population. However, with only a few case reports, consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on SCD population remain poorly known.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 33-year-old man with a history of homozygous SS homozygous sickle cell anemia who consulted on March 24, 2020 for febrile dyspnea 11 days after the onset of symptoms. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2. His respiratory status worsened rapidly in the emergency room and then in ICU leading to severe ARDS requiring intubation, curarization, and venovenous ECMO. Hematologically, severe hemolysis associated with major thrombocytopenia without documented spinal cord injury was noted. Several transfusion exchanges are performed. The evolution was finally slowly favorable and led to discharge from the intensive care unit and then from the hospital.

Conclusions
This case recalls the importance of an increased prevention policy against COVID-19among the SCD population. In addition, from a therapeutic point of view, it advocates (1) a high preventive anticoagulation from the outset according to the level of D-dimers (2) the use of venovenous ECMO in this particular case, whereas this technique has had rather disappointing results in acute chest syndromes. (3) Unexpectedly, our patient did not develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and acute cor pulmonale (ACP), whereas this is a common feature of ARDS during SCD. These last two observations suggest a different pathophysiology of pulmonary disorders in SCD patients in the case of SARS COv2. It could be associated with marked hypoxemia secondary to pulmonary vascular vasodilation.
Adaptation of balance reactions following forward perturbations in people with joint hypermobility syndrome
Authors: Bates Alexander Vernon , McGregor Alison , Alexander Caroline M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) is a Heritable Disorder of Connective tissue characterised by joint laxity and chronic widespread arthralgia. People with JHS exhibit a range of other symptoms including balance problems. To explore balance further, the objective of this study is to compare responses to forward perturbations between three groups; people who are hypermobile with (JHS) and without symptoms and people with normal flexibility.

Methods
Twenty-one participants with JHS, 23 participants with Generalised Joint Hypermobility (GJH) and 22 participants who have normal flexibility (NF) stood on a platform that performed 6 sequential, sudden forward perturbations (the platform moved to the anterior to the participant). Electromyographic outcomes (EMG) and kinematics for the lower limbs were recorded using a Vicon motion capture system. Within and between group comparisons were made using Kruskal Wallis tests.

Results
There were no significant differences between groups in muscle onset latency. At the 1st perturbation the group with JHS had significantly longer time-to-peak amplitude than the NF group in tibialis anterior, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and than the GJH group in the gluteus medius. The JHS group showed significantly higher cumulative joint angle (CA) than the NF group in the hip and knee at the 1st and 2nd and 6th perturbation, and in the ankle at the 2nd perturbation. Participants with JHS had significantly higher CA than the GJH group at the in the hip and knee in the 1st and 2nd perturbation. There were no significant differences in TTR.

Conclusions
The JHS group were able to normalise the timing of their muscular response in relation to control groups. They were less able to normalise joint CA, which may be indicative of impaired balance control and strength, resulting in reduced stability.
A novel 3D-printed locking cage for anterior atlantoaxial fixation and fusion: case report and in vitro biomechanical evaluation
Authors: Wang Shenglin , Leng Huijie , Tian Yinglun , Xu Nanfang , Liu Zhongjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation is aimed at reduction and stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint. 3D printing refers to a process where additive manufacturing is achieved under precise computer control. Literature on its utilization in anterior atlantoaxial fixation and fusion is rare. This study is the first report on a 3D-printed locking cage used in the anterior procedure for atlantoaxial dislocation.

Methods
A middle-aged male in his 40s presented with weakness and numbness of his extremities for 3 years and could only walk slowly with assistance. Imaging studies revealed severe anterior migration of C1, irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation, and severe cervical-medullary compression. A preoperative plan consisting of trans-oral soft tissue release and fixation using tailor-designed 3D-printed cages was devised. Following fluoroscopic confirmation of reduction of the atlantoaxial joints, two customized 3D-printed cages made of titanium alloy were inserted into the bilateral facet joints, which were then locked by six screws into the lateral masses of C1 and C2. The microstructure of the inserted cages was optimized for improved biomechanical stability and enhanced osseo-integration, without the need for bone grafting. In addition, a biomechanical test was performed on seven human cadaveric specimens comparing the novel implant with the conventional C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screw construct in three modes of motion (flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation).

Results
Improvement of neurologic function in the patient was evident immediately after surgery. He was able to walk independently 1 month post-operatively. At the 12-month follow-up, coronal reconstruction of CT demonstrated properly-positioned 3D-printed cages, evidence of osseo-integration at the bone-implant interface, and no subsidence or displacement of the implant. Eighteen months out of surgery, the mJOA score improved to 15, and lateral X-ray confirmed reduction of atlanto-axial dislocation. Additionally, the new construct provided strong fixation comparable to that conferred by conventional constructs as there was no significant difference observed between the two groups in all three directions of motion.

Conclusions
The novel implant represents a new option in the treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation. It can provide strong anterior support for solid fixation and fusion with a low profile and a microstructure that obviates the need for bone grafting.
Open reduction and internal fixation of quadrilateral plate fractures in the elderly: association between initial fracture pattern and outcomes
Authors: Wu Haiyang , Shao Qipeng , Shang Ranran , Song Chengjing , Liu Ximing , Cai Xianhua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Acetabular fractures with medial displacement of the quadrilateral plate (QLP) are common in the elderly. The presence of QLP fractures greatly increase the surgical difficulty of acetabular fractures. This study aims to evaluate the clinical radiological outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in QLP fractures in elderly patients and to investigate factors potentially affecting the result.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study. A series of 37 consecutive patients with acetabular fracture involving the QLP aged 60 years and older who received ORIF between January 2010 and May 2019 were included. QLP fractures were classified according to Walid’s classification system. Radiological outcomes were evaluated using Matta criteria and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Merle d’Aubigné score. The relationships between Walid’s classification and radiological or functional outcomes were analyzed.

Results
According to Walid’s classification, 18, 13, 6 were classified as QLP1, QLP2 and QLP3, respectively. The average follow-up was 35.5 ± 10.7 months. We obtained anatomic reduction in 48.6 % (18/37) of cases, imperfect reduction in 40.5 % (15/37) of cases, and poor reduction in 10.8 % (4/37) of cases. Excellent-good functional scores were found in 83.7 % (modified Merle d’Aubigné). There were no cases of screw entering the hip, pull-out and loosening or implant failure during the follow-up. Walid’s classification was positively correlated with radiological outcomes of reduction (r = 0.661; P < 0.001), and functional outcomes (r = 0.478; P = 0.003). Unsatisfactory reduction was demonstrated a correlation with the development of post-traumatic arthritis (r =-0.410; P = 0.012).

Conclusions
ORIF may be suggested for quadrilateral plate fractures in the elderly. Walid’s classification system is associated with the reduction quality and functional recovery.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty for the treatment of neurologically intact osteoporotic Kümmell’s disease
Authors: Dai Shou-qian , Qin Rong-qing , Shi Xiu , Yang Hui-lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty (PKP) have been widely used to treat neurologically intact osteoporotic Kümmell’s disease (KD), but it is still unclear which treatment is more advantageous. Our study aimed to compare and investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of PVP and PKP in the treatment of KD.MethodsThe relevant data that 64 patients of neurologically intact osteoporotic KD receiving PVP (30 patients) or PKP (34 patients) were analyzed. Surgical time, operation costs, intraoperative blood loss, volume of bone cement injection, and fluoroscopy times were compared. Occurrence of cement leakage, transient fever and re-fracture were recorded. Universal indicators of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were evaluated separately before surgery and at 1 day, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and the final follow-up after operation. The height of anterior edge of the affected vertebra and the Cobb’s angle were assessed by imaging.ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 24 months. The volume of bone cement injection, intraoperative blood loss, occurrence of bone cement leakage, transient fever and re-fracture between two groups showed no significant difference. The surgical time, the operation cost and fluoroscopy times of the PKP group was significantly higher than that of the PVP group. The post-operative VAS, ODI scores, the height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebrae and kyphosis deformity were significantly improved in both groups compared with the pre-operation. The improvement of vertebral height and kyphosis deformity in PKP group was significantly better than that in the PVP group at every same time point during the follow-up periods, but the VAS and ODI scores between the two groups showed no significant difference.ConclusionPVP and PKP can both significantly alleviate the pain of patients with KD and obtain good clinical efficacy and safety. By contrast, PKP can achieve better imaging height and kyphosis correction, while PVP has the advantages of shorter operation time, less radiation volume and operation cost.