bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of allogeneic stem cell transplantation comorbidity indexes after haplotransplant using post‐transplant cyclophosphamide
Authors: Jullien Maxime , Orvain Corentin , Berceanu Ana , Couturier Marie‐Anne , Guillaume Thierry , Peterlin Pierre , Garnier Alice , Le Bourgeois Amandine , Klemencie Marion , Schmidt Aline , Hunault Mathilde , Daguindau Etienne , Roussel Xavier , Delepine Pascal , Guillerm Gaelle , Giltat Aurelien , François Sylvie , Thepot Sylvain , Le Gouill Steven , Béné Marie‐C , Chevallier Patrice 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThree different scoring systems have been developed to assess pre‐transplant comorbidity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo‐HSCT): the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation‐Specific Comorbidity Index, the Comorbidity/Age index, and the Augmented Comorbidity/Age index. All were devised to predict overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) survivals and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) in patients receiving HLA‐matched Allo‐HSCT, but their performance has scarcely been studied in the haploidentical Allo‐HSCT setting with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide, a procedure in constant expansion worldwide.MethodsTo address this issue, their impact on survivals and NRM was examined in a cohort of 223 patients treated with haploidentical Allo‐HSCT in four different centers.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 35.6 months, 3‐year OS, DFS, and NRM were 48.1% ± 4%, 46.3% ± 4%, and 30.0% ± 3%, respectively. No impact was found for any of the three comorbidity scores in univariate analysis. In multivariate analyses, the only three factors associated with lower OS were DRI (p < 0.001), an older age of recipients (≥55 years old, p = 0.02) and of donors (≥40 years old, p = 0.005). Older donor age was also associated with lower DFS and higher NRM.ConclusionThe comorbidity scores do not predict survivals nor NRM in haploidentical Allo‐HSCT with PTCY, suggesting that pre‐transplant comorbidities should not be a contra‐indication to this procedure.
Outcomes of beginning trainee therapists in an outpatient community clinic
Authors: Vos Joel , Chryssafidou Evi , van Rijn Biljana , Stiles William B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThis study describes the outcomes of clients treated by therapists in their first placement who were undergoing training in a range of humanistic and other relational approaches: Transactional Analysis, Gestalt, Integrative, Humanistic, Person Centred and Counselling Psychology.MethodAll clients seen by 179 trainee therapists over a 2‐year period in a community clinic were asked to complete standard outcome measures including the General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐10 (CORE‐10) and Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R) before each session.FindingsClients (N = 558) showed large, statistically significant improvement on all of these outcome measures, indicating substantial improvement in symptoms of depression, anxiety, general symptom intensity and post‐traumatic stress, respectively (all p < .01). Across the outcome measures, the following percentages of clients with scores in the clinical range at baseline experienced reliable improvement/reliable and clinically significant improvement: 79.9%/38.9% PHQ‐9, 61.6%/54.8% GAD‐7, 59.1%/48.9% CORE‐10 and 41.6%/33.3% IES. There were no differences between therapeutic approaches.DiscussionTrainee therapists in this community clinic tended to have large, statistically reliable and clinically significant effects on their clients. The sizes of effects were similar to those achieved by therapists in the British National Health Service (NHS), albeit involving therapies and client populations that were not fully comparable.
Tailored Modeling of Rivastigmine Derivatives as Dual Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Authors: Adeowo Fatima Y. , Oyetunji Tosin P. , Ejalonibu Murtala A. , Ndagi Umar , Kumalo Hezekiel M. , Lawal Monsurat M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRational modification of known drug candidates to design more potent ones using computational methods has found application in drug design, development, and discovery. Herein, we integrate computational and theoretical methodologies to unveil rivastigmine derivatives as dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) management. The investigation entails pharmacokinetics screening, density functional theory (DFT) mechanistic study, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We designed over 20 rivastigmine substituents, subject them to some analyses, and identified RL2 with an appreciable blood‐brain barrier score and no permeability glycoprotein binding. The compound shows higher acylation energy and a favored binding affinity to the cholinesterase enzymes. RL2 interacts with the AChE and BuChE active sites showing values of −41.1/−39.5 kcal mol−1 while rivastigmine binds with −32.7/−30.7 kcal mol−1 for these enzymes. The study revealed RL2 (4‐fluorophenyl rivastigmine) as a potential dual inhibitor for AChE and BuChE towards Alzheimer's disorder management.
Hernandulcin Production in Cell Suspensions of Phyla Scaberrima: Exploring Hernandulcin Accumulation through Physical and Chemical Stimuli
Authors: Villa‐Ruano Nemesio , Castro‐Juárez Carlos J. , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo , Ramírez‐García Sergio Alberto , Cruz‐Durán Ramiro , Varela‐Caselis Jenaro Leocadio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHernandulcin (HE) is a non‐caloric sweetener synthesized by the Mexican medicinal plant Phyla scaberrima. Herein we present the results of HE production through cell suspensions of P. scaberrima as well as the influence of pH, temperature, biosynthetic precursors and potential elicitors to enhance HE accumulation. The incorporation of mevalonolactone (30–400 mg L−1) farnesol (30–400 mg L−1), AgNO3 (0.025–0.175 M), cellulase (5–60 mg L−1; 0.3 units/mg), chitin (20–140 mg L−1) and (+)‐epi‐α‐bisabolol (300‐210 mg L−1) to the cell suspensions, resulted in a differential accumulation of HE and biomass. Among elicitors assayed, chitin, cellulase and farnesol increased HE production from 93.2 to ∼160 mg L−1 but, (+)‐epi‐α‐bisabolol (obtained by a synthetic biology approach) increased HE accumulation up to 182.7 mg L−1. HE produced by the cell suspensions was evaluated against nine strains from six species of gastrointestinal bacteria revealing moderate antibacterial activity (MIC, 214–465 μg mL−1) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori. Similarly, HE showed weak toxicity against Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium bifidum (>1 mg mL−1), suggesting a selective antimicrobial activity on some species of gut microbiota. According to our results, chitin and (+)‐epi‐α‐bisabolol were the most effective molecules to enhance HE accumulation in cell suspensions of P. scaberrima.
Enhanced CO2 Conversion into Ethanol by Permanently Polarized Hydroxyapatite through C−C Coupling
Authors: Sans Jordi , Sanz Vanesa , Turon Pau , Alemán Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HAp) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite of biomedical importance due to its similarity with human hard tissues in morphology and composition. Upon polarization at high temperature, applying 3 kV/cm at 1000 °C, the resulting polarized HAp (p‐HAp) exhibits enhanced catalytic behavior due charge accumulation at the interface. More specifically, p‐HAp was found to catalyse the conversion of mixtures of CO2(g) and CH4(g) into low carbon organic molecules and into amino acids when N2(g) was added to the mixture. In this work, we report how p‐HAp facilitates the conversion of CO2(g) mainly in ethanol by means of forming C−C coupled bonds on its activated surface. After evaluation of a wide range of experimental conditions, we evidence the production of formic acid, methanol and formaldehyde (C1 products); ethanol and acetic acid (C2 products); and acetone (C3 product) from CO2(g) using moderate reaction conditions. Moreover, optimization of the reaction parameters led to a significant increase towards ethanol.
Peniazaphilones A—I, Produced by Co‐culturing of Mangrove Endophytic Fungi, Penicillium sclerotiorumTHSH‐4 and Penicillium sclerotiorumZJHJJ‐18
Authors: Yang Wencong , Yuan Jie , Tan Qi , Chen Yan , Zhu Yujia , Jiang Hongming , Zou Ge , Zang Zhenming , Wang Bo , She Zhigang 
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusionCo‐culturing the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum THSH‐4 with Penicillium sclerotiorum ZJHJJ‐18 in PDB medium resulted in the production of nine new azaphilones derivatives, peniazaphilones A—I (1—9), and six known azaphilones derivatives (10—15). Their structures were elucidated by analysis of detailed spectroscopic data, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, ECD spectra, 13C NMR calculation and DP4+ analysis. It is noteworthy that compound 1 with an isoquinoline quinone moiety, was isolated from natural source for the first time. Besides, compound 2 is the third reported phenylhydrazone derivative from fungi. In the bioactivity assays, compounds 1, 12, 14 and 15 (IC50 = 4.71—17.64 μmol/L) exhibited potent inhibition of LPS‐induced NO release from RAW264.7 without obvious cytotoxicity within 50 μmol/L compared to the positive control indomethacin (IC50 = 35.27 μmol/L). Moreover, compounds 1 and 13 displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity to A549 and MDA‐MB‐435, with IC50 values in the range of 6.84—14.63 μmol/L. Together compound 1 showed moderate broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity.
6‐year change in high sensitivity cardiac troponin T and the risk of atrial fibrillation in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort
Authors: Li Linzi , Selvin Elizabeth , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Chen Lin Y. , Norby Faye L. , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCirculating high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) is associated with incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the association of changes in hs‐cTnT over time on incident AF has not been explored.HypothesisSix‐year increase in circulating hs‐cTnT will be associated with increased risk of AF and will contribute to improved prediction of incident AF.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort analysis of 8431 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. hs‐cTnT change was categorized at visit 2 and 4 as undetectable (<5 ng/L), detectable (≥5 ng/L, <14 ng/L), or elevated (≥14 ng/L). We used Cox regression to examine the association between the combination of hs‐cTnT categories at two visits and incident AF. We also assessed the impact of adding absolute hs‐cTnT change on risk discrimination for AF by C‐statistics and net reclassification improvement (NRI).ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 16.5 years, 1629 incident AF cases were diagnosed. Among participants with undetectable hs‐cTnT at visit 2, the multivariable HR of AF was 1.28 (95% CI 1.12–1.48) among those with detectable or elevated hs‐cTnT at visit 4 compared to those in which hs‐cTnT remained undetectable. Among those with detectable hs‐cTnT at visit 2, compared to those who remained in the detectable hs‐cTnT group, reduction to undetectable at visit 4 was associated with lower risk of AF (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.94), while increment to elevated was associated with higher AF risk (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.68). Adding hs‐cTnT change to our main model with baseline hs‐cTnT did not result in significant improvement in the C‐statistic or substantial NRI.ConclusionSix‐year increase in circulating hs‐cTnT was associated with elevated risk of incident AF.
DARPP‐32 distinguishes a subset of adult‐born neurons in zebra finch HVC
Authors: Aronowitz Jake V. , Kirn John R. , Pytte Carolyn L. , Aaron Gloster B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) continually incorporate adult‐born neurons into HVC, a telencephalic brain region necessary for the production of learned song. These neurons express activity‐dependent immediate early genes (e.g., zenk and c‐fos) following song production, suggesting that these neurons are active during song production. Half of these adult‐born HVC neurons (HVC NNs) can be backfilled from the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and are a part of the vocal motor pathway underlying learned song production, but the other half do not backfill from RA, and they remain to be characterized. Here, we used cell birth‐dating, retrograde tract tracing, and immunofluorescence to demonstrate that half of all HVC NNs express the phosphoprotein DARPP‐32, a protein associated with dopamine receptor expression. We also demonstrate that DARPP‐32+ HVC NNs are contacted by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers, suggesting that they receive catecholaminergic input, have transiently larger nuclei than DARPP‐32‐neg HVC NNs, and do not backfill from RA. Taken together, these findings help characterize a group of HVC NNs that have no apparent projections to RA and so far have eluded positive identification other than HVC NN status.
In Vitro Generation of Posterior Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Wind Matt , Tsakiridis Anestis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ability to generate spinal cord motor neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is of great use for modelling motor neuron–based diseases and cell‐replacement therapies. A key step in the design of hPSC differentiation strategies aiming to produce motor neurons involves induction of the appropriate anteroposterior (A‐P) axial identity, an important factor influencing motor neuron subtype specification, functionality, and disease vulnerability. Most current protocols for induction of motor neurons from hPSCs produce predominantly cells of a mixed hindbrain/cervical axial identity marked by expression of Hox paralogous group (PG) members 1‐5, but are inefficient in generating high numbers of more posterior thoracic/lumbosacral Hox PG(8‐13)+ spinal cord motor neurons. Here, we describe a protocol for efficient generation of thoracic spinal cord cells and motor neurons from hPSCs. This step‐wise protocol relies on the initial generation of a neuromesodermal‐potent axial progenitor population, which is differentiated first to produce posterior ventral spinal cord progenitors and subsequently to produce posterior motor neurons exhibiting a predominantly thoracic axial identity. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitorsBasic Protocol 2: Posterior ventral spinal cord progenitor differentiationBasic Protocol 3: Posterior motor neuron differentiation
Pupil responses to dynamic negative facial expressions of emotion in infants and parents
Authors: Aktar Evin , Nimphy Cosima A. , Kret Mariska E. , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Bögels Susan M. , Raijmakers Maartje E. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObserving others’ emotions triggers physiological arousal in infants as well as in adults, reflected in dilated pupil sizes. This study is the first to examine parents’ and infants’ pupil responses to dynamic negative emotional facial expressions. Moreover, the links between pupil responses and negative emotional dispositions were explored among infants and parents. Infants’ and one of their parent's pupil responses to negative versus neutral faces were measured via eye tracking in 222 infants (5‐ to 7‐month‐olds, n = 77, 11‐ to 13‐month‐olds, n = 78, and 17‐ to 19‐month‐olds, n = 67) and 229 parents. One parent contributed to the pupil data, whereas both parents were invited to fill in questionnaires on their own and their infant's negative emotional dispositions. Infants did not differentially respond to negative expressions, while parents showed stronger pupil responses to negative versus neutral expressions. There was a positive association between infants' and their parent's mean pupil responses and significant links between mothers’ and fathers’ stress levels and their infants’ pupil responses. We conclude that a direct association between pupil responses in parents and offspring is observable already in infancy in typical development. Stress in parents is related to their infants’ pupillary arousal to negative emotions.
Parent–child physiological synchrony: Concurrent and lagged effects during dyadic laboratory interaction
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Miller Jonas G. , Obradović Jelena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated whether parents and kindergarten children show concurrent and time‐lagged physiological synchrony during dyadic interaction. Further, we tested whether parent–child behavioral co‐regulation was associated with concurrent and time‐lagged synchrony, and whether synchrony varied by the type of interaction task. Participants were 94 children (Mage = 5.6 years, 56% female) and their parents. We simultaneously measured parent and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during four dyadic interaction tasks: free play, clean up, problem‐solving, and puzzle teaching. We found that synchrony varied by task. Concurrent synchrony occurred only during the puzzle teaching task, such that parent and child RSA were significantly and positively associated with each other simultaneously. Time‐lagged synchrony occurred only during the problem‐solving task, such that parent RSA was positively associated with child RSA 30 seconds later, and child RSA was negatively associated with parent RSA 30 seconds later. Although behavioral co‐regulation and physiological synchrony have been conceptualized as markers of responsive parent–child interactions, our study finds no evidence that physiological synchrony is associated with between‐dyad differences in behavioral co‐regulation.
Neuronal development in the cochlea of a nonhuman primate model, the common marmoset
Authors: Hosoya Makoto , Fujioka Masato , Murayama Ayako Y , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Okano Hideyuki , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecise cochlear neuronal development is vital to hearing ability. Understanding the developmental process of the spiral ganglion is useful for studying hearing loss aimed at aging or regenerative therapy. Although interspecies differences have been reported between rodents and humans, to date, most of our knowledge about the development of cochlear neuronal development has been obtained from rodent models because of the difficulty in using human fetal samples in this field. In this study, we investigated cochlear neuronal development in a small New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We examined more than 25 genes involved in the neuronal development of the cochlea and described the critical developmental steps of these neurons. We also revealed similarities and differences between previously reported rodent models and this primate animal model. Our results clarified that this animal model of cochlear neuronal development is more similar to humans than rodents and is suitable as an alternative for the analysis of human cochlear development. The time course established in this report will be a useful tool for studying primate‐specific neuronal biology of the inner ear, which could eventually lead to new treatment strategies for human hearing loss.
A surrogate cell‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 spike blocking assay
Authors: Schuh Wolfgang , Baus Lena , Steinmetz Tobit , Schulz Sebastian R. , Weckwerth Leonie , Roth Edith , Hauke Manuela , Krause Sara , Morhart Patrick , Rauh Manfred , Hoffmann Markus , Vesper Niklas , Reth Michael , Schneider Holm , Jäck Hans‐Martin , Mielenz Dirk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo monitor infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and successful vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the kinetics of neutralizing or blocking anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers need to be assessed. Here, we report the development of a quick and inexpensive surrogate SARS‐CoV‐2 blocking assay (SUBA) using immobilized recombinant human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and human cells expressing the native form of surface SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. Spike protein‐expressing cells bound to hACE2 in the absence or presence of blocking antibodies were quantified by measuring the optical density of cell‐associated crystal violet in a spectrophotometer. The advantages are that SUBA is a fast and inexpensive assay, which does not require biosafety level 2‐ or 3‐approved laboratories. Most importantly, SUBA detects blocking antibodies against the native trimeric cell‐bound SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and can be rapidly adjusted to quickly pre‐screen already approved therapeutic antibodies or sera from vaccinated individuals for their ACE2 blocking activities against any emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants.
Synthesis of New Ruthenium‐CAP Complexes and Use as Catalysts for Benzonitrile Hydration to Benzamide
Authors: Guerriero Antonella , Peruzzini Maurizio , Gonsalvi Luca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe new bimetallic [Ru2(μ‐Cl)3(CAP)6]Cl (1) and monometallic cis,cis,trans‐[RuCl2(dmso‐S)2(CAP)2] (2) complexes, bearing the water soluble cage‐like phosphine CAP (1,4,7‐triaza‐9‐phosphatricyclo[5.3.2.1]tridecane), were synthesized and characterized in solution by NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS spectrometry. The complexes, endowed with high solubility and stability in water, were applied as catalysts for the proof‐of‐concept hydration of benzonitrile to benzamide in neat water at 100 °C, achieving high conversions with only 1 mol % of catalyst, both in single runs and in catalyst recycling experiments.
A Review on the Fundamentals of Palm Oil Fractionation: Processing Conditions and Seeding Agents
Authors: Tong Shi‐Cheng , Tang Teck‐Kim , Lee Yee‐Ying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFractionation is a well‐established process adopted in the fats and oils industries. It involves the separation of low and high melting triacylglycerol under controlled cooling conditions into olein and stearin fractions with distinct chemical and physical properties. Amongst the other vegetable oils, palm oil is one of the most fractionated oils in the past few decades mainly attributed to its semisolid properties. The various fraction of palm oil allows it to be used in different types of food products such as margarine, frying oil, and cocoa butter substitute. In fractionation, proper control of the fractionation conditions is important to produce the fractions with desirable stearin and olein quality. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the fractionation conditions (crystallization temperature, agitation, cooling rate and crystallization time) that affect the yield and quality of the oil produced. Additionally, it also provides the latest updates on the influence of seeding agents (diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, hard fat, phytosterol, phospholipid, lecithin, essential oil, sugar, polyglycerol ester, and talc) used in fractionation. This article is useful to provide a fundamental understanding of fractionation to scientists from the industries or academia working in the fats and oils industries.Practical Applications: This paper provides an in‐depth understanding of fractionation particularly on the parameters of fractionation in influencing the quality and yield of the stearin and olein produced. It also for the first time presents the effect of addition of various seeding agents on palm oil fractionation which can help the industry to select the appropriate seeding agents to improve the currently employed fractionation process. Thus, it can act as a guideline for the industry to understand and select the appropriate fractionation conditions when developing a new product using this approach. The fractionation conditions discussed here can also be used as a reference when fractionating other types of fats and oils as most of them share a common background.