bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐IgE effect of small‐molecule‐compound arctigenin on food allergy in association with a distinct transcriptome profile
Authors: Cao Mingzhuo , Liu Changda , Srivastava Kamal. D. , Lin Adora , Lazarski Christopher , Wang Lu , Maskey Anish , Song Ying , Chen Xiaoke , Yang Nan , Zambrano Linda , Bushko Renna , Nowak‐Wegrzyn Anna , Cox Amanda , Liu Zhigang , Huang Weihua , Dunkin David , Miao Mingsan , Li Xiu‐Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundExcessive production of IgE plays a major role in the pathology of food allergy. In an attempt to identify anti‐IgE natural products, Arctium Lappa was one of the most effective herbs among approximately 300 screened medicinal herbs. However, little is known about its anti‐IgE compounds.ObjectiveTo identify compounds from Arctium Lappa for targeted therapy on IgE production and explore their underlying mechanisms.MethodsLiquid‐liquid extraction and column chromatographic methods were used to purify the compounds. IgE inhibitory effects were determined on IgE‐producing human myeloma U266 cells, peanut‐allergic murine model and PBMCs from food‐allergic patients. Genes involved in IgE inhibition in PBMCs were studied by RNA sequencing.ResultsThe main compounds isolated were identified as arctiin and arctigenin. Both compounds significantly inhibited IgE production in U266 cells, with arctigenin the most potent (IC50=5.09μg/mL). Arctigenin (at a dose of 13 mg/kg) markedly reduced peanut‐specific IgE levels, blocked hypothermia and histamine release in a peanut‐allergic mouse model. Arctigenin also significantly reduced IgE production and Th2 cytokines (IL‐5, IL‐13) by PBMCs. We found 479 differentially expressed genes in PBMCs with arctigenin treatment (p < .001 and fold‑change ≥1.5), involving 24 gene ontology terms (p < .001, FDR <0.05); cell division was the most significant. Eleven genes including UBE2C and BCL6 were validated by qPCR.ConclusionArctigenin markedly inhibited IgE production in U266 cells, peanut‐allergic murine model and PBMCs from allergic patients by down‐regulating cell division, cell cycle‐related genes and up‐regulating anti‐inflammatory factors.
“Big” Sounds Bigger in More Widely Spoken Languages
Authors: Lev‐Ari Shiri , Kancheva Ivet , Marston Louise , Morris Hannah , Swingler Teah , Zaynudinova Madina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLarger communities face more communication barriers. We propose that languages spoken by larger communities adapt and overcome these greater barriers by increasing their reliance on sound symbolism, as sound symbolism can facilitate communication. To test whether widely spoken languages are more sound symbolic, participants listened to recordings of the words big and small in widely spoken and less common languages and guessed their meanings. Accuracy was higher for words from widely spoken languages providing evidence that widely spoken languages harbor more sound symbolism. Preliminary results also suggest that widely spoken languages rely on different sound symbolic patterns than less common languages. Community size can thus shape linguistic forms and influence the tools that languages use to facilitate communication.
Comparing weight‐based dosing of tacrolimus XR in obese and non‐obese renal transplant recipients
Authors: Breslin Nadine T. , Hedvat Jessica , Salerno David M. , Jandovitz Nicholas , Patel Chandni , Lee Sara , Lange Nicholas W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recommended initial weight‐based dose of extended‐release (XR) tacrolimus (Envarsus XR) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is 0.14 mg/kg/day. However, no data exist regarding dosing recommendations for obese patients specifically. The aim of this study was to evaluate weight‐based dosing requirements in a cohort of obese KTR who were initiated on de novo tacrolimus XR post‐transplantation. The primary outcome was weight‐based dosing requirements (mg/kg/day) on post‐operative day (POD) 7 and 14. Of the 254 KTR, 81 (31%) were obese. The median therapeutic dose on POD7 was 0.1 versus 0.12 vs. 0.14 mg/kg/day in the BMI > 30 kg/m2, BMI 25–30 kg/m2, and BMI < 25 kg/m2, respectively, (p = .0001). This result was similar on POD14; median therapeutic dose was 0.09 versus 0.11 versus 0.15 mg/kg/day in the BMI > 30 kg/m2, BMI 25–30 kg/m2, and BMI < 25 kg/m2, respectively, (p < .001). Therapeutic dose on POD7 and POD14 based on ideal body was similar in all cohorts (p = .238, p = .923, respectively). This finding was supported by a strong linear relationship between ideal body weight (IBW) and therapeutic dose (r = .929). In both obese and non‐obese KTR, IBW had a stronger correlation with the therapeutic dose for tacrolimus XR.
Differences of adrenal‐derived androgens in 5α‐reductase deficiency versus androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Han Bing , Zhu Hui , Yao Haijun , Ren Jianwei , O’Day Patrick , Wang Hao , Zhu Wenjiao , Cheng Tong , Auchus Richard J. , Qiao Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSteroid 5α‐reductase type 2 deficiency (5α‐RD2) and androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) are difficult to distinguish clinically and biochemically, and adrenal‐derived androgens have not been investigated in these conditions using modern methods. The objective of the study was to compare Chinese patients with 5α‐RD2, AIS, and healthy men. Sixteen patients with 5α‐RD2, 10 patients with AIS, and 39 healthy men were included. Serum androgen profiles were compared in these subjects using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Based on clinical features and laboratory tests, 5α‐RD2 and AIS were diagnosed and confirmed by genotyping. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T) were both significantly lower in patients with 5α‐RD2 than AIS (p < 0.0001). The T/DHT ratio was higher in 5α‐RD2 (4.5–88.6) than AIS (13.4–26.7) or healthy men (7.6–40.5). Using LC‐MS/MS, a cutoff T/DHT value of 27.3 correctly diagnosed 5α‐RD2 versus AIS with sensitivity 93.8% and specificity 100%. Among the adrenal‐derived 11‐oxygenated androgens, 11β‐hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4) and 11‐ketoandrostenedione (11KA4) were also lower in patients with 5α‐RD2 than those of patients with AIS. In contrast, 11β‐hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) was higher in 5α‐RD2 than AIS. Furthermore, a 11OHT/11OHA4 cutoff value of 0.048 could also distinguish 5α‐RD2 from AIS. Thus, both elevated T/DHT values above 27.3 and the unexpected 11‐oxygenated androgen profile, with a 11OHT/11OHA4 ratio greater than 0.048, distinguished 5α‐RD2 from AIS. These data suggest that the metabolism of both gonadal and adrenal‐derived androgens is altered in 5α‐RD2.
Lay understandings of drug‐gene interactions: The right medication, the right dose, at the right time, but what are the right words?
Authors: Meagher Karen M. , Stuttgen Finn Kelsey , Curtis Susan H. , Borucki Jack , Beck Annika T. , Cheema Amal W. , Sharp Richard R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing increases in popularity, lay concepts of drug‐gene interactions set the stage for shared decision making in precision medicine. Few studies explore what recipients of PGx results think is happening in their bodies when a drug‐gene interaction is discovered. To characterize biobank participants’ understanding of PGx research results, we conducted a focus group study, which took place after PGx variants conferring increased risk of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency were disclosed to biobank contributors. DPD deficiency confers an increased risk of adverse reaction to commonly used cancer chemotherapeutics. Ten focus groups were conducted, ranging from two to eight participants. Fifty‐four individuals participated in focus groups. A framework approach was used for descriptive and explanatory analysis. Descriptive themes included participants’ efforts to make sense of PGx findings as they related to: (1) health implications, (2) drugs, and (3) genetics. Explanatory analysis supplied a functional framework of how participant word choices can perform different purposes in PGx communication. Results bear three main implications for PGx research‐related disclosure. First, participants’ use of various terms suggest participants generally understanding their PGx results, including how positive PGx results differ from positive disease susceptibility genetic results. Second, PGx disclosure in biobanking can involve participant conflation of drug‐gene interactions with allergies or other types of medical reactions. Third, the functional framework suggests a need to move beyond a deficit model of genetic literacy in PGx communication. Together, findings provide an initial evidence base for supporting bidirectional expert‐recipient PGx results communication.
Trait‐habitat associations explain novel bird assemblages mixing native and alien species across New Zealand landscapes
Authors: Barnagaud Jean‐Yves , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Mossion Raphaël , Dufour Paul , Pavoine Sandrine , Deconchat Marc , Barbaro Luc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimSpecies introductions have reshaped island faunas for the last 200 years, often threatening native biodiversity. Approximately equal numbers of native and alien species currently co‐occur in the New Zealand avifauna, but they show distinct habitat use. Antagonistic interactions, habitat affinities and legacies of introduction history may concur to explain their segregation along habitat gradients. To investigate these processes, we explored how habitat, ecological traits and introduction history relate with the current composition of bird assemblages.LocationNew ZealandTaxonBirdsMethodsWe analysed 917 bird point counts spread along habitat and elevation gradients in the Canterbury region, South Island and related 10 ecological traits to landscape composition using a three‐table ordination method known as “RLQ analysis”, accounting for spatial autocorrelation and phylogeny. We tested whether alien species’ positions in the RLQ were related to proxies of introduction history.ResultsEighteen endemic, 11 native and 19 alien species were distributed along a gradient from forest to open‐habitat assemblages, in relation to foraging mode, nesting site and body size. A second gradient segregated species between native and exotic forests according to territoriality, sedentarity and diet. Traits accounted for the separation of native and alien bird species in forests, but not in open habitats. Phylogenetic signals emerged from the separation of native and alien species by forest type, and spatial structures suggested a landscape‐level, rather than regional or local determinism. These correlations were independent of introduction history, although open‐habitat assemblages tended to host alien species introduced later in time.Main conclusionsHabitat type and resource availability explain the spatial partitioning of New Zealand bird assemblages between native and alien species more consistently than competitive exclusion. We conclude that trait‐mediated ecological differences among species have likely played a predominant role in species’ segregation among landscapes, while maintaining endemic bird assemblages in native forests.
Non‐adjunctive continuous glucose monitoring for control of hypoglycaemia (COACH): Results of a post‐approval observational study
Authors: Beck Stayce E. , Kelly Colleen , Price David A. ,   for the COACH Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivePrior to the Continuous Monitoring and Control of Hypoglycaemia (COACH) study described herein, no study had been powered to evaluate the impact of non‐adjunctive RT‐CGM use on the rate of debilitating moderate or severe hypoglycaemic events.Research Design and MethodsIn this 12‐month observational study, adults with insulin‐requiring diabetes who were new to RT‐CGM participated in a 6‐month control phase where insulin dosing decisions were based on self monitoring of blood glucose values, followed by a 6‐month phase where decisions were based on RT‐CGM data (i.e. non‐adjunctive RT‐CGM use); recommendations for RT‐CGM use were made according to sites' usual care. The primary outcome was change in debilitating moderate (requiring second‐party assistance) and severe (resulting in seizures or loss of consciousness) hypoglycaemic event frequency. Secondary outcomes included changes in HbA1c and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) frequency.ResultsA total of 519 participants with mean (SD) age 50.3 (16.1) years and baseline HbA1c 8.0% (1.4%) completed the study, of whom 32.8% had impaired hypoglycaemia awareness and 33.5% had type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mean (SE) per‐patient frequency of hypoglycaemic events decreased by 63% from 0.08 (0.016) during the SMBG phase to 0.03 (0.010) during the RT‐CGM phase (p = 0.005). HbA1c decreased during the RT‐CGM phase both for participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D and there was a trend towards larger reductions among individuals with higher baseline HbA1c.ConclusionsAmong adults with insulin‐requiring diabetes, non‐adjunctive use of RT‐CGM data is safe, resulting in significantly fewer debilitating hypoglycaemic events than management using SMBG.
Acute changes in mitral valve geometry after percutaneous valve repair with MitraClip XTR by three‐dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Tusa Maurizio B. , Barletta Marta , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Travaglio Nicole , Saffioti Silvia , Granata Giuseppina , Mantovani Valentina , Stefanini Elisa , Corciu Anca I. , Testa Luca , Bedogni Francesco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMitral valve (MV) repair with MitraClip system is a safe treatment option for high‐risk patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR). We aimed to characterize, by three‐dimensional echocardiography (3D‐E), changes occurring in MV after implantation of third generation MitraClip XTR device, with specific reference to the underlying MR mechanism (functional vs degenerative, FMR vs DMR).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 59 patients, who underwent intra‐procedural 3D‐E before and after device deployment. Three‐D datasets were analyzed off‐line, using a dedicated semiautomatic software, to obtain parametric quantification of mitral anatomy.ResultsPost‐procedural MR of mild or lesser degree was achieved in 40 patients (68%), with no differences between FMR and DMR (p 0.9). After MitraClip XTR implantation, the FMR group experienced an immediate annular resizing, with reduction of antero‐posterior diameter (p 0.024) and sphericity index (p 0.017), next to a recovery of physiological saddle‐shape, defined by lower non‐planar angle (p ≤0.001) and higher annulus height to commissural width ratio (p ≤0.001). On the opposite, the DMR group revealed a significant decrease of maximum annular velocity (p 0.027), addressing a mechanic effect of the device deployment. Finally, baseline anterior mitral leaflet angle was found as an independent predictor of acute procedural result (OR 6.7, [CI 1.01–44.33], p 0.049).ConclusionsMitraClip XTR implantation acts in restoring the original mitral geometry, with distinctive effects according to MR mechanism. Three‐D parametric quantification of MV sheds new light on changes occurring in the valvular apparatus, and helps identifying possible new predictors of acute procedural success.
Low serum 25‐Hydroxy (OH) vitamin D levels are associated with increased arterial stiffness in healthy children: An echocardiographic study from Turkey
Authors: Azak Emine , Cetin Ibrahim Ilker 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveArterial stiffness refers to arterial wall rigidity, particularly in central vessels, and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in many chronic diseases. 25‐Hydroxy (OH) vitamin D has beneficial effects on blood pressure, vascular endothelial function, and arterial stiffness; most importantly, its deficiency is common worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of 25‐OH vitamin D deficiency in arterial stiffness development and its relationship with arterial stiffness in healthy children.MethodsThis study included 80 patients with low levels of 25‐OH vitamin D and 40 healthy control subjects. The study participants were then divided into three groups: group 1 consisted of patients with a deficient 25‐OH D level of < 19.9 ng/ml, group 2 with an insufficient 25‐OH D level between 20 and 29.9 ng/ml; group 3 were considered control group with a sufficient serum 25‐OH vitamin D level of ≥30 ng/ml. Aortic strain, distensibility, stiffness index, and standard left ventricular measurements were calculated using M‐mode echocardiographic data.ResultsLeft ventricular mass index (LVMI) and inter‐ventricular septal diastolic thickness (IVST) appeared to increase in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. Aortic strain and distensibility were significantly decreased in group 1, whereas aortic stiffness index and elastic modulus were significantly increased. The aortic stiffness index was negatively correlated with serum 25‐OH vitamin D levels; however, aortic strain, aortic distensibility, and LVMI were positively correlated.ConclusionsOur study results revealed a significant relationship between 25‐OH vitamin D levels indicative of a deficiency and aortic stiffness. Hence, we suggest that arterial stiffness may also occur in healthy children with a 25‐OH vitamin D deficiency. Future in‐depth studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms underlying the aortic stiffness development associated with 25‐OH vitamin D deficiency.
The effects of levodopa in the spatiotemporal gait parameters are mediated by self‐selected gait speed in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ávila de Oliveira Júlia , Bazán Paulo Rodrigo , de Oliveira Claudia Eunice Neves , Treza Renata de Castro , Hondo Sandy Mikie , Los Angeles Emanuele , Bernardo Claudionor , de Oliveira Luana dos Santos , Carvalho Margarete de Jesus , de Lima‐Pardini Andrea C. , Coelho Daniel Boari 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), the medication induces different and inconsistent results in the spatiotemporal parameters of gait, making it difficult to understand its effects on gait. As spatiotemporal gait parameters have been reported to be affected by gait speed, it is essential to consider the gait speed when studying walking biomechanics to interpret the results better when comparing the gait pattern of different conditions. Since the medication alters the self‐selected gait speed of individuals with PD, this study analysed whether the change in gait speed can explain the selective effects of l‐DOPA on the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in individuals with PD. We analysed the spatiotemporal gait parameters at the self‐selected speed of 22 individuals with PD under ON and OFF states of l‐DOPA medication. Bayesian mediation analysis evaluated which gait variables were affected by the medication state and checked if those effects were mediated by speed changes induced by medication. The gait speed was significantly higher among ON compared with OFF medication. All the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait were mediated by speed, with proportions of mediation close to 1 (effect entirely explained by speed changes). Our results show that a change in gait speed better explains the changes in the spatiotemporal gait parameters than the ON–OFF phenomenon. As an implication for rehabilitation, our results suggest that it is possible to assess the effect of l‐DOPA on improving motor symptoms related to gait disorders by measuring gait speed.
The hippocampus shows an own‐age bias during unfamiliar face viewing
Authors: Koen Joshua D. , Hauck Nedra , Rugg Michael D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the neural correlates of the own‐age bias for face recognition in a repetition suppression paradigm. Healthy young and older adults viewed upright and inverted unfamiliar faces. Some of the upright faces were repeated following one of two delays (lag 0 or lag 11). Repetition suppression effects were observed in bilateral fusiform cortex. However, there were no significant effects indicating an own‐age bias in repetition suppression. The absence of these effects is arguably inconsistent with perceptual expertise accounts of own‐age biases in face processing. By contrast, the right anterior hippocampus showed an own‐age bias (greater activity for own‐age compared to other‐age faces) when viewing an unfamiliar face for the first time. Given the importance of the hippocampus for episodic memory encoding, we conjecture that the increased hippocampal activity for own‐age relative to other‐age faces reflects differential engagement of neural processes supporting the episodic encoding of faces and might provide insight into the neural underpinnings of own‐age biases in face recognition memory.
Genetic guidelines for translocations: Maintaining intraspecific diversity in the lion (Panthera leo)
Authors: Bertola Laura D. , Miller Susan M. , Williams Vivienne L. , Naude Vincent N. , Coals Peter , Dures Simon G. , Henschel Philipp , Chege Monica , Sogbohossou Etotépé A. , Ndiaye Arame , Kiki Martial , Gaylard Angela , Ikanda Dennis K. , Becker Matthew S. , Lindsey Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConservation translocations have become an important management tool, particularly for large wildlife species such as the lion (Panthera leo). When planning translocations, the genetic background of populations needs to be taken into account; failure to do so risks disrupting existing patterns of genetic variation, ultimately leading to genetic homogenization, and thereby reducing resilience and adaptability of the species. We urge wildlife managers to include knowledge of the genetic background of source/target populations, as well as species‐wide patterns, in any management intervention. We present a hierarchical decision‐making tool in which we list 132 lion populations/lion conservation units and provide information on genetic assignment, uncertainty and suitability for translocation for each source/target combination. By including four levels of suitability, from ‘first choice’ to ‘no option’, we provide managers with a range of options. To illustrate the extent of international trade of lions, and the potential disruption of natural patterns of intraspecific diversity, we mined the CITES Trade Database for estimated trade quantities of live individuals imported into lion range states during the past 4 decades. We identified 1056 recorded individuals with a potential risk of interbreeding with wild lions, 772 being captive‐sourced. Scoring each of the records with our decision‐making tool illustrates that only 7% of the translocated individuals were ‘first choice’ and 73% were ‘no option’. We acknowledge that other, nongenetic factors are important in the decision‐making process, and hence a pragmatic approach is needed. A framework in which source/target populations are scored based on suitability is not only relevant to lion, but also to other species of wildlife that are frequently translocated. We hope that the presented overview supports managers to include genetics in future management decisions and contributes towards conservation of the lion in its full diversity.