bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventioneller Vorhofohrverschluss
Authors: Schmidt Boris , Rogacev Kyrill 
Published: September 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBedauerlicherweise existieren bisher keine randomisierten Studiendaten hinsichtlich des Stellenwerts eines Vorhofohrverschlusssystems (LAAC: „left atrial appendage closure“) im Vergleich zu oralen Antikoagulanzien (OAK) bei CKD-Patienten (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“). Eine derartige Studie (WATCH AFIB in CKD) wurde wegen geringer Rekrutierungszahlen eingestellt. Aus den im Beitrag angesprochenen Beobachtungsstudien kann allerdings eine gute Sicherheit und Effektivität der Therapie abgeleitet werden. In Anbetracht der unzureichenden Evidenz sollte bei VHF Patienten (VHF: Vorhofflimmern) mit CKD bis zu einer glomerulären Filtrationsrate (GFR) von 30 ml/min/1,73 m2 primär eine NOAK-Therapie (NOAK: neue OAK) verordnet werden. Im Falle von Blutungen kann dann gemäß Leitlinienempfehlung eine LAAC alternativ angeboten werden. Im Falle von Patienten mit dialysepflichtiger CKD muss eine individuelle Entscheidung getroffen werden, ob und wie eine Thromboembolieprophylaxe durchgeführt werden soll.
Therapie der renalen Anämie
Authors: Emrich Insa E. , Böhm Michael , Heine Gunnar H. 
Published: September 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Einführung von Präparaten mit Erythropoietin (EPO)/Erythropoese stimulierenden Agenzien (ESA) zur Behandlung der renalen Anämie Ende der 1980er-Jahre ermöglichte eine Einsparung von Blutkonserven und eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität von chronisch nierenkranken und v. a. dialysepflichtigen Patienten. Nach den negativen Ergebnissen der großen EPO/ESA-Endpunktstudien Mitte der 1990er-Jahre, erschien mit PIVOTAL 2019 eine randomisierte Studie zur intravenösen Eisentherapie, die eine prognostische Überlegenheit einer Hochdosiseisentherapie gegenüber einer restriktiveren Eisenapplikation zeigte. Mit den HIF-Stabilisatoren (HIF: Hypoxie induzierbarer Faktor) wird jetzt eine weitere – orale – Behandlungsoption der renalen Anämie verfügbar. Phase-II- und Phase-III-Studien zeigten eine Nichtunterlegenheit im Hinblick auf den Hämoglobinanstieg gegenüber einer Behandlung mit EPO/ESA-Präparaten. Da HIF-Stabilisatoren in die Transkription von unterschiedlichsten Genen eingreifen, müssen Sicherheitsstudien weitere wichtige Erkenntnisse liefern.
Prävention gastrointestinaler Tumore
Authors: Teufel Andreas , Quante Michael , Kandulski Arne , Hirth Michael , Zhan Tianzuo , Eckardt Maximilian , Thieme René , Kusnik Alexander , Yesmembetov Kakharman , Wiest Isabella , Riemann Jürgen Ferdinand , Schlitt Hans Jürgen , Gockel Ines , Malfertheiner Peter , Ebert Matthias Philip 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Dekaden wurden erhebliche Fortschritte bei der (frühzeitigen) Diagnostik und Therapie gastrointestinaler onkologischer Erkrankungen erzielt. Allerdings bleibt die Prognose für fortgeschrittene Stadien von gastrointestinalen Tumoren für viele Patienten limitiert, und ungefähr ein Drittel aller Tumorpatienten verstirbt an den Folgen eines gastrointestinalen Tumors. Der Prävention und Früherkennung gastrointestinaler Tumoren kommt somit eine große Bedeutung zu.Aus diesem Grund fassen wir im Folgenden den Wissensstand und Empfehlungen zur primären, sekundären und tertiären Prävention von Ösophagus-, Magen-, Pankreas-, Leberzell- und kolorektalem Karzinom zusammen.
Sexualität und Behinderung: Kein „blinder“ Fleck
Authors: Sonntag Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungMenschen, die mit Behinderungen leben, werden allzu oft als „asexuell“ wahrgenommen. Der vorliegende Kommentar widerspricht diesem Klischee und zeigt auf, dass und wie blinde Menschen Sexualität erleben, beschreiben und in Wort und Bild auch künstlerisch darstellen. Die Autorin behandelt das Thema mit doppelter Expertise: Sie war als diplomierte Sozialpädagogin an einer berufsbildenden Einrichtung für blinde und sehbehinderte Menschen tätig und tritt als blinde Frau mit erotischen Kunstprojekten an die Öffentlichkeit.
“Man wird bei diesem Thema gerne mal übersehen“ – eine Exploration sexueller Themen in Weblogs von Menschen mit Körperbehinderungen
Authors: Ortland Barbara , Scholten Ann-Kathrin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Blogs sind eine niedrigschwellige Möglichkeit, private und autobiografische Beiträge einer weitestgehend anonymen Leser:innenschaft im Internet zur Verfügung zu stellen. Menschen mit Körperbehinderungen nutzen diese Plattform, um aus ihrem Leben und von ihren Erfahrungen zu berichten. Auch sexuelle Themen finden dabei Berücksichtigung.Forschungsziele Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Ermittlung von sexuellen Themen, die Menschen mit sichtbaren Körperbehinderungen in Blog-Posts veröffentlichen. Durch die Analyse von autobiografischen Posts sollen die wesentlichen Anliegen der Blogger:innen im Sinne der Selbstermächtigung hervorgehoben und darüber hinaus in den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs eingebracht werden.Methoden Es wurde eine explorativ qualitative Analyse nicht kommerzieller Blog-Posts durchgeführt. Die Auswertung der Blogbeiträge erfolgte anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015). Das Kategoriensystem wurde in Anlehnung an die „Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit“ (ICF) der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) entwickelt.Ergebnisse Es dominieren Themen, die aus der Auseinandersetzung mit behindernden Umweltfaktoren resultieren. Ungewollte Fremdbewertungen wirken selbstwertschädigend. Die Blogger:innen nehmen als Expert:innen in eigener Sache klar Stellung.Schlussfolgerung Menschen mit Körperbehinderungen sollten für ihre Belange und Themen sowohl in wissenschaftliche als auch politische Diskurse deutlicher einbezogen werden. Eine behinderungsspezifische Sexualpädagogik kann die sexuelle Entwicklung positiv unterstützen.
Auswirkungen elterlicher Zwangserkrankungen auf die Entwicklung von Kindern – Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Interviewstudie
Authors: Belthle Anna , Rath Luisa , Jungbauer Johannes 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel Auswirkungen elterlicher Zwangserkrankungen auf die Entwicklung von Kindern sowie der daraus resultierende Hilfebedarf wurden in einer qualitativen Studie untersucht.Methodik Durch leitfadengestützte Interviews wurden n = 15 erwachsene Kinder von Eltern mit Zwangsstörungen retrospektiv zu ihren Kindheitserfahrungen und zu ihrem weiteren Lebensweg befragt. Die Aufnahmen wurden transkribiert und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.Ergebnis Die Befragten beschrieben zahlreiche Einschränkungen und Belastungen aufgrund der elterlichen Zwangsstörung (Tabuisierung, Einbeziehung in die Zwangssymptomatik, Beeinträchtigungen der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung etc.). Die Mehrzahl entwickelte im Erwachsenenalter eigene behandlungsbedürftige Probleme, die sie als Folge ihrer Kindheitserfahrungen deutete.Diskussion Verheimlichungs- und Leugnungstendenzen zwangserkrankter Eltern führen bei vielen Kindern zum Erleben eines enorm belastenden Anpassungs- und Loyalitätsdrucks. Weiterführende Studien hierzu sind dringend geboten.
Peripheral Nerve Healing: So Near and Yet So Far
Authors: Baradaran Aslan , El-Hawary Hassan , Efanov Johnny Ionut , Xu Liqin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries represent a considerable portion of chronic disability that especially affects the younger population. Prerequisites of proper peripheral nerve injury treatment include in-depth knowledge of the anatomy, pathophysiology, and options in surgical reconstruction. Our greater appreciation of nerve healing mechanisms and the development of different microsurgical techniques have significantly refined the outcomes in treatment for the past four decades. This work reviews the peripheral nerve regeneration process after an injury, provides an overview of various coaptation methods, and compares other available treatments such as autologous nerve graft, acellular nerve allograft, and synthetic nerve conduits. Furthermore, the formation of neuromas as well as their latest treatment options are discussed.
Distal Femoral Pin Tracker Placement Prevents Pin Tract-induced Fracture in Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Baek Ji-Hoon , Lee Su Chan , Kim Jin-Hong , Ahn Hye Sun , Nam Chang Hyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the placement of pin trackers in the medial sagittal plane of the distal femur in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) over a minimum follow-up period of 3 months. From August 2020 to October 2020, a consecutive series of 81 TKAs were performed in 59 patients using the Triathlon posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis with a robotic-assisted system (Mako) at our hospital. Patient charts were reviewed for complications associated with the pin sites, including fracture, infection, thigh pain, and the need for reoperation. No patients had any minor or major complications associated with distal femoral pins. This technique, which used pin trackers in the medial sagittal plane of the distal femur, could be a useful option for surgeons performing robotic-assisted TKA. This is a Level IV study.
Arab-German Trade and Institutions: The Effect of Good Governance on Arab Exports to Germany
Authors: Sabry Mohamed Ismail 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDoes good governance matter for exporting to the highly competitive markets of developed countries, especially those committed to a developmental mission centered on promoting good governance? This paper is investigating this research question. The focus of the analysis is the case study of Arab exports to the German economy, where a comparatively poor performance in comparison to that of other regions of the world is witnessed, despite geographical proximity and preferential trade agreements. Using statistical data and the literature on the subject, the paper engages in a discussion on German trade flows from Arab countries and whether governance indicators provide a good explanatory framework. The research question is then investigated empirically by running several regressions using the two-stage least-squares and Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood models. Different indicators of German exports are used as dependent variables while the independent variables are various governance indicators together with the control variables suggested by the gravity model. The obtained empirical results suggest that good governance generally boosts Arab exports to Germany and relatively more than it does for non-Arab exporters to Germany. This is especially true for governance indicators that directly affect exporting activities, such as regulatory quality and government effectiveness. For some indicators that indirectly affect exporting, however, the results are mixed for both Arab and non-Arab countries, especially for the textile industry. This sheds doubts on Germany’s developmental commitment to fostering good governance principles.
Impacts of political and social contexts on refugees’ experiences: A comparison between Southeast Asian refugees arriving in France in the 70s and recent refugee migration
Authors: Wilhelm Isabelle , Bartel Anja 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The influx of refugees into France since 2015 has been framed as a crisis and marked by a restrictive turn in arrival and asylum policies. By comparison, in the 1970s Southeast Asian refugees fleeing from communist regimes were welcomed warmly in the country. This article compares two in-depth case studies of refugees, analysed using the biographical policy evaluation method, to retrace how the policies and collective representations of these two different historical moments affect the experiences of refugees over time. It shows that policies play a significant role in shaping refugees’ experiences in respect of their access to papers, housing, language courses and work, thus impacting, but not determining, their possibilities of reconstructing life in exile. The comparison also raises the question of how personal experiences of arrival, viewed as a rejection or a welcome, influence refugees’ life courses.
Critical metrics and massive gravity solutions on three-dimensional Brinkmann waves*
Authors: Brozos-Vázquez M , Caeiro-Oliveira S , García-Río E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional Brinkmann waves which are critical for quadratic curvature functionals are determined. Generically, if the metric is critical for some functional then it is critical for all of them. In contrast, there are four special functionals that do not share critical metrics with any other quadratic functional. It is also shown that these metrics provide explicit solutions for different massive gravity models.
Cold plasma treatment of seeds: deciphering the role of contact surfaces through multiple exposures, randomizing and stirring
Authors: Dufour T , Gutierrez Q 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cold plasma technologies are an efficient approach to improve the germination properties of seeds, especially in a stacking configuration within a dielectric barrier device (DBD). In such dry atmospheric plasma priming process, we show that a helium-nitrogen plasma treatment of 20 min can reduce the median germination time of lentil seeds from 1420 min to 1145 min, i.e. a gain in vigor of 275 min (or +19.4%). Considering that this result depends on the plasma-seed interaction and therefore on the contact surfaces between the seeds and the plasma, a topographic modeling of a 100 seeds-stack is performed in the DBD. This model drives to the distinction between the seed–seed contact surfaces (276 contacts standing for a total area of 230.6 mm2) and the seed-wall contact surfaces (134 contacts standing for a total area of 105.9 mm2). It turns out that after a single plasma treatment, the outer envelope of each seed is 92% exposed to plasma: a value high enough to support the relevance of the plasma process but which also opens the way to process optimizations. In this outlook, we propose to replace the single 20 min plasma treatment by a ‘plasma sequence’, i.e. a succession of shorter plasma treatments whose total duration remains 20 min. Between two successive plasma treatments, the seeds can follow either a trapping procedure (seeds in same positions and orientations) or a randomizing procedure (seeds in same positions but reoriented) or a stirring procedure (seeds vigorously shaken). As an example, a sequence of ten plasma treatments (upon 2 min) separated by short stirring procedures leads to a gain in vigor as high as 405 min (+28.5%) vs 275 min (+19.4%) for a single plasma treatment of 20 min. We propose to understand these results by correlating the gain in vigor with the water uptake of the seeds (increase from 29% to 55%) and the wettability state of their coating (decrease of contact angle from 113.5° to about 38°).
A review of global gridded cropping system data products
Authors: Kim Kwang-Hyung , Doi Yasuhiro , Ramankutty Navin , Iizumi Toshichika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Agricultural monitoring, seasonal crop forecasting and climate change adaptation planning all require identifying where, when, how and which crops are grown. Global gridded cropping system data products offer useful information for these applications. However, not only the main sources of information (satellites, censuses, surveys and models) but also the spatial and temporal resolutions of these data products are quite distant from each other because of different user requirements. This is a barrier to strengthening collaborations among the research communities working to increase the capacity of societies to manage climate risks for global food systems, from extreme weather disasters to climate change. A first step is to improve cropping system data products so they can be used more seamlessly across various applications than they are currently. Toward this goal, this article reviews global gridded data products of crop variables (area, yield, cropping intensity, etc) using systematic literature survey, identifies their current limitations, and suggests directions for future research. We found that cropland or crop type mapping and yield or production estimation/prediction together accounted for half of the research objectives of the reviewed studies. Satellite-based data products are dominant at the finer resolution in space and time (<10 km and daily to annual), while model-based data products are found at the coarser resolutions (>55 km and ⩾decadal). Census-based data products are seen at intermediate resolutions (10–55 km and annual to decadal). The suggested directions for future research include the hybridization of multiple sources of information, improvements to temporal coverage and resolution, the enrichment of management variables, the exploration of new sources of information, and comprehensiveness within a single data product.
Association of plasma FGF21 levels with muscle mass and muscle strength in a national multicentre cohort study: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Roh Eun , Hwang Soon Young , Yoo Hye Jin , Baik Sei Hyun , Cho Belong , Park Yong Soon , Kim Hyeon Ju , Lee Sam-Gyu , Kim Bong Jo , Jang Hak Chul , Kim Miji , Won Chang Won , Choi Kyung Mook 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
despite of the beneficial effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 in several metabolic diseases, the association of plasma FGF21 with muscle mass and muscle strength is still unclear.

Methods
a total of 386 community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years were analysed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalised to the square of height (ASM/ht2). Muscle strength was assessed using the hand grip strength (HGS) test. The definitions of low muscle mass (LMM) and low muscle strength (LMS) were based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.

Results
plasma FGF21 was significantly lower in participants with LMM than in those with normal muscle mass (289.7 [192.4–448.3] vs. 345.6 [238.6–503.2] pg/ml, P = 0.008). In contrast, the LMS group had a significantly higher plasma FGF21 level than the normal muscle strength group (369.7 [244.4–591.1] vs. 309.7 [205.3–444.8] pg/ml, P = 0.006). In the partial correlation analysis, following adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, FGF21 levels had no significant association with ASM/ht2, but were negatively associated with HGS (r = −0.112, P = 0.029). Furthermore, after multivariate adjustment for confounding variables, the odds ratio for the risk of LMS was 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.20–4.46) when comparing the highest with the lowest FGF21 quartile.

Conclusions
circulating FGF21 levels are negatively associated with muscle strength but are not independently correlated with muscle mass.
To the East Turn: The Russian Revolution and the Black Radical Imagination in the United States, 1917–1924
Authors: James Winston 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed a burgeoning scholarship on Black radicalism in the United States and abroad. Much of it concerns Black radicalism’s relationship to international and transnational currents linked to the Soviet Union. The vast bulk of this literature is concerned with the years 1928–1935—dubbed the Third Period by the Communist International (Comintern). This essay registers and analyzes the responses of US-based Black radicals to the Russian Revolution, Comintern policies, and developments in early Soviet Russia and its successor, the Soviet Union (1922–91). It focuses on a moment truncated in the literature: the outbreak of both the February and October Revolutions of 1917 up to Vladimir Lenin’s death in January 1924. Important in its own right, that moment also laid the foundations for the later and more substantial involvement of African Americans in leftist politics in the United States. The essay examines the policies of the Bolsheviks—especially as articulated through the Comintern—that proved particularly compelling to Black radicals. What was Bolshevism’s attraction for Black radicals, both leftists and Black nationalists? The answer is less self-evident than it may at first appear. The profound impact of the “heroic period” of Bolshevism (1917–24) set in place Black radical loyalties to the Soviet Union that became entrenched and difficult to disavow.
A Method for the Elution of Anti-CD20 With an EDTA/Glycine Acid Solution for Accurate Immunophenotyping of B Lymphocytes Sensitized With Rituximab
Authors: Fuentes-Chávez Eli , Méndez-Ramírez Nereida , Maltez Marvin M , Salazar-Riojas Rosario , Gómez-Almaguer David , Jaime-Pérez José C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the efficacy of a method to circumvent CD20-positive antigen masking by rituximab for flow cytometry analysis of B-cell malignancies in hematology patients.

Methods
Mononuclear cells (MNCs) from 10 healthy individuals and 5 untreated patients with B-cell malignancies were sensitized with rituximab. Patients’ diagnoses included chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and follicular lymphoma. MNCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation. An EDTA/glycine acid (EGA) elution method was used to dissociate CD20-rituximab complexes; afterwards, CD20-positive immunoreactivity was assessed by flow cytometry. A saturation curve was built based on serial dilutions of rituximab. Median fluorescent intensities of CD20-positive signals were obtained before sensitization with rituximab and after its elution with EGA.

Results
CD20-positive signals were not detectable by flow cytometry after rituximab sensitization of B cells. CD20-sensitized vs CD20-unsensitized, CD20-sensitized vs CD20-eluted, and CD20-eluted vs CD20-negative control (NC) MNC populations exhibited statistical differences (P = .001), while CD20-sensitized vs CD20-NC populations did not (P = .499), confirming CD20 antigen masking by rituximab.

Conclusions
Rituximab interfered with the flow cytometry protocol for CD20 determination on normal and neoplastic B cells. The EGA method efficiently eluted rituximab, allowing for accurate identification of CD20-positive B cells.
Not that young: combining plastid phylogenomic, plate tectonic and fossil evidence indicates a Palaeogene diversification of Cycadaceae
Authors: Liu Jian , Lindstrom Anders J , Marler Thomas E , Gong Xun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious molecular dating studies revealed historical mass extinctions and recent radiations of extant cycads, but debates still exist between palaeobotanists and evolutionary biologists regarding the origin and evolution of Cycadaceae.MethodsUsing whole plastomic data, we revisited the phylogeny of this family and found the Palawan endemic Cycas clade was strongly related to all lineages from Southeast Eurasia, coinciding with a plate drift event occurring in the Early Oligocene. By integrating fossil and biogeographical calibrations as well as molecular data from protein-coding genes, we established different calibration schemes and tested competing evolutionary timelines of Cycadaceae.Key ResultsWe found recent dispersal cannot explain the distribution of Palawan Cycas, yet the scenario including the tectonic calibration yielded a mean crown age of extant Cycadaceae of ~69–43 million years ago by different tree priors, consistent with multiple Palaeogene fossils assigned to this family. Biogeographical analyses incorporating fossil distributions revealed East Asia as the ancestral area of Cycadaceae.ConclusionsOur findings challenge the previously proposed Middle–Late Miocene diversification of cycads and an Indochina origin for Cycadaceae and highlight the importance of combining phylogenetic clades, tectonic events and fossils for rebuilding the evolutionary history of lineages that have undergone massive extinctions.