bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olmesartan Attenuates Single-Lung Ventilation Induced Lung Injury via Regulating Pulmonary Microbiota
Authors: Lu Di , Wang Zhizhi , Chen Ziming , fan Jiayang , Zhai Jianxue , Fang Duopei , Cai He , Liu Xiguang , Wu Hua , Cai Kaican 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Single-lung ventilation (SLV) associated acute lung injury is similar to ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury which is usually occurred during lung surgery. Olmesartan (Olm), a novel angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), has been reported to ameliorate organ IR injury. Several recent studies have shown that lung microbiota may be involved in pulmonary diseases, but the effect of pulmonary microbiota in SLV-induced lung injury has not been reported. This study aims to determine the mechanism of how Olm attenuates SLV induced lung injury. Results: 24 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: S (sham) group; AS (ARB + sham) group, in which the rats were given 7 days Olm treatment before the sham surgery; I (injury) group, in which the rats underwent SLV for 1 h (right lung ventilation and left lung collapsed) and double lungs ventilation for 3 h; and the AI (ARB + injury) group. Our data showed that 7 days Olm treatment before modeling markedly alleviated SLV-induced lung injury by suppressing inflammation and reactive oxygen species. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from the injured side were collected for 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing analysis. A total of 53 different bacteria at the genus and species levels were identified, among which Burkholderiaceae was more enriched in group I compared with group S, but significantly decreased in AI group after Olm treatment. Fecal samples were then collected for gut microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing analysis, which revealed no significant difference between the A and AS group. Furthermore, the injured lung samples were collected for metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses to explore differential metabolites among all groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was applied to analyze the correlation between differential metabolites and lung microbiota. A total of 38 pathways were identified according to differential metabolites and 275 relevant pathways were enriched via analyzing the microbial community, 24 pathways were both identified by analyzing either metabolites or microbiota, including pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and ATP-binding cassette transporter. Conclusions: Besides classical blockage of the renin-angiotensin II system, Olm could also alleviate SLV-induced lung injury by rewiring the interaction between pulmonary microbiota and metabolites.
Objective Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Datasets for Heavy Precipitation Events Caused by Typhoons in the Philippines
Authors: Aryastana Putu , Liu Chian-Yi , Jou Ben Jong-Dao , Cayanan Esperanza , Punay Jason Pajimola 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Extreme weather events, such as typhoons, have occurred more frequently in the last few decades in the Philippines. The heavy precipitation caused by typhoons is difficult to measure with traditional instruments, such as rain gauges and ground-based radar, because these instruments have an uneven distribution in remote areas. Satellite precipitation datasets (SPDs) provide integrated spatial coverage of rainfall measurements, even for remote areas. This study performed subdaily (3-hour) assessments of SPDs (i.e., the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement [IMERG], Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation [GSMaP], and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks datasets) during five typhoon-related heavy precipitation events in the Philippines between 2016 and 2018. The aforementioned assessments were performed through a point-to-grid comparison by using continuous and volumetric statistical validation indices for the 34-knot wind radii of the typhoons, rainfall intensity, the terrain, and wind velocity effects. The results revealed that the IMERG exhibited good agreement with rain gauge measurements and exhibited high performance in detecting rainfall during five typhoon events, whereas the GSMaP exhibited high agreement during peak rainfall. All the SPDs tended to overestimate rainfall during light to moderate rainfall events and underestimate rainfall during heavy to extreme events. The IMERG exhibited a strong ability to detect moderate rainfall events (5–15 mm/3 hours), whereas the GSMaP exhibited superior performance in detecting heavy to extreme rainfall events (15–25, 25–50, and >50 mm/3 hours). The GSMaP exhibited the best performance for detecting heavy rainfall at high elevations, whereas the IMERG exhibited the best performance for rainfall detection at low elevations. The IMERG exhibited a strong ability to detect heavy rainfall under various wind speeds. A strong ability to detect heavy rainfall events for different wind speeds in the western and eastern parts of the mountainous region of Luzon were found for the GSMap and IMERG, respectively. This study demonstrated that the IMERG and GSMaP datasets exhibit promising performance in detecting heavy precipitation caused by typhoon events.
The Impact of Lesional Factors on Seizure Outcome Following Lesionectomy as a Surgical Management of Extratemporal Epilepsy, Case Series from a Developing Country and Review of Literature.
Authors: Hasanain Amr Ali , Sawan Mohamed , Ali Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDExtratemporal lesional epilepsy can be managed with various surgical techniques such as simple lesionectomy or more extensive resections, all of which aim at targeting the epileptogenic zone which is the key for achieving a favorable outcome. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of lesionectomy in the treatment of extra-temporal epilepsy associated with a lesion on radiological imaging, and to show the effect of lesional factors on seizure outcome including the anatomical location, the relation to cerebral parenchyma, the extent of surgical excision and the histopathological nature of the lesion.METHODSA prospective study on 20 patients presenting with focal epilepsy, or focal epilepsy with secondary generalized seizures with evidence of focal lesion in an extratemporal location on MRI. Lesionectomy was done and we used the Engel’s classification for seizure outcome.RESULTSLesions were mostly tumors (85 %). The frontal lobe is the most frequent locations (60 %). Low-grade glioma represented 35 % while meningioma represented 45 % of all lesions (both intra-axial and extra-axial). Four patients were lost during follow up (mean 23.31 months). For the remaining 16 patients, 13 cases were tumors (81.25%). Lesionectomy achieved seizure freedom in 68.75 %.CONCLUSIONSIn a country with limited resources, lesionectomy is a valid technique for epilepsy surgery as long as the radiological data and the seizure semiology are concordant. Total lesionectomy provides good seizure control when the clinical and radiological data are concordant with seizure semiology, in particular with tumor-related epilepsy. A study comparing postoperative seizure outcome between intra-axial and extra-axial lesions on a larger scale and with a longer follow up period is recommended.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Fabry Disease: A Cross-sectional International Multicenter Study
Authors: Nowak Albina , Hilz Max , Beuschlein Felix , Seifritz Erich , Lenders Malte , Brand Eva , Hennermann Julia B , Winter Yaroslav 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) deficiency. The progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide results in life-threatening complications, including renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to improve health care of FD-patients, knowledge of its predictors is important. The aim of our study was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HrQol) in FD and to identify its independent determinants by exploring a wide range of demographic, social and clinical parameters.ResultsIn this cross-sectional multicenter study, 124 adult patients with FD were recruited at three specialized European centers in Germany and Switzerland. Demographics, social status and clinical parameters as well as data on HrQol (EQ5D, EQVAS) and depression were collected by means of self-reporting questionnaires. HrQol and its predictors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.Study population consisted of 72 female and 52 male FD patients (median age 48yrs) of whom 87.9% (N=109) were on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) (68.8% [N= 75] were on agalsidase α and 31.2% [N=34] on agalsidase β). Univariate analysis revealed various factors reducing HrQol, such as age>40 years, classic phenotype, organ involvement (kidney and heart disease, stroke/transient ischemic attack, gastrointestinal disturbances), depression, and burning limb pain. However, only the following factors were identified as independent predictors of decreased HrQol: classic phenotype, kidney and heart disease, stroke/TIA, depression, and burning limb pain. ERT was an independent determinant of increased HrQol.Conclusions﻿Modifiable factors, such as burning limb pain and depression identified as independent predictors of HrQol-deterioration should be addressed in programs aiming to improve HrQol in FD. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in FD-patients since diverse organ involvement prominently compromises HrQol in affected patients. Our findings that the classic phenotype is a strong predictor of HrQol worsening.
Machine Learning Reduced Workload for the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register: Development and Evaluation of the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Classifier
Authors: Shemilt Ian , Noel-Storr Anna , Thomas James , Featherstone Robin , Mavergames Chris 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This study developed, calibrated, and evaluated a machine learning (ML) classifier designed to reduce study identification workload inmaintainingthe Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register (CCSR), a continuously updated register of COVID-19 research studies.Methods: A ML classifier for retrieving COVID-19 research studies (the “Cochrane COVID-19 Study Classifier”) was developedusing a data set of title-abstract records ‘included’ in, or‘excluded’ from,the CCSR up to18th October 2020, manually labelled byinformation and data curation specialists or the Cochrane Crowd. The classifier was then calibrated using a second data set of similar records ‘included’ in, or ‘excluded’ from,theCCSRbetween 19th October and 2ndDecember 2020, aiming for 99% recall. Finally, the calibrated classifier was evaluated using a third data set of similar records ‘included’ in, or ‘excluded’ from, the CCSR between4thand 19thJanuary 2021.Results: The Cochrane COVID-19 Study Classifier was trained using 59,513 records (20,878 of which were ‘included’ in the CCSR). A classification threshold was set using 16,123 calibration records (6,005 of which were ‘included’ in the CCSR) and the classifier hada precision of 0.52in this dataset atthe target threshold recall >0.99. The final, calibrated COVID-19 classifier correctly retrieved 2,285 (98.9%) of 2,310eligible study reports but missed 25 (1%), with aprecision of 0.638 and a netscreening workload reduction of 24.1% (1,113 records correctly excluded). Conclusions: The Cochrane COVID-19 Study Classifierreduces manual screening workload for identifying COVID-19 research studies, with a very low and acceptable risk of missing eligible studies. It is now deployed in the live study identification workflow for the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register.
Molecular Decoding of Identity of Some Commercially Important Vandaceous Orchids (Orchidaceae) Based on the Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequences and Their Phylogeny
Authors: Kamba Joyrison , Deb Chitta Ranjan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Indiscriminate, rampant collection and natural habitat destruction of Vandaceous orchids for their ornamental and medicinal value have resulted in threatened category to many of the important species and struggling for their survival. Unconfirmed commercially important Vandaceous orchids still continues as these orchids are similar in shaped, size and difficult to identify and classify, especially when they are not in flowering stage. To solve this problem molecular barcode can be an useful tool for rapid identification even from vegetative tissues for commercial purpose. The present study was carried out to test the discriminatory power of IT1 and IT2 region in barcoding and to ascertain their phylogenetic relationship among these 31 species (67) from 15 genera of vandaceous orchids. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW and genetic distances were computed using MEGA 7.0. Data analyses suggest that Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA is a reliable marker which can be use as an efficient barcode to identify (species resolution at 95.52% by genetic distance, 79.40% by BLAST analysis and 95.52% by phylogenetic tree building method) and analyze their phylogenetic relationship among Vandaceous orchids.
Controlled production of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in intestine by orally administered bacteria as an effective tumor vaccine
Authors: Yue Yale , Xu Jiaqi , Li Yao , Cheng Keman , Feng Qingqing , Ma Xiaotu , Ma Nana , Zhang Tianjiao , Wang Xinwei , Zhao Xiao , Nie Guangjun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Therapeutic tumor vaccines hold great promise for effective tumor immunotherapy, however orally administered tumor vaccines that can stimulate a robust immune response are still limited. The major challenges in oral vaccines are the complex gastrointestinal environment and intestinal epithelial barriers. Numerous intestinal commensal bacteria interact with the host immune cells through the release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which can penetrate the intestinal epithelial barriers. Here, we present an effective tumor vaccine based on the OMVs which are generated by orally administered genetically engineered bacteria in intestine. A tumor antigen was fused with the surface protein ClyA on OMVs, whose expression was controlled by an arabinose-inducible promoter. Through oral administration of the modified bacteria and arabinose, in situ controllable production of OMVs loaded with tumor antigen in the intestine was achieved. The OMV-based tumor vaccine not only overcame the intestinal epithelial barriers to reach the immune cells in the lamina propria, but also stimulated dendritic cell maturation to facilitate a potent antitumor adaptive immunity. The oral bacteria generated OMV-based tumor vaccine significantly inhibited the lung metastatic melanoma and subcutaneous colon cancer in mouse models. Furthermore, a robust immune memory was generated, offering long-term protection against tumor challenge. Our work provides a proof-of-concept for oral bacteria generated OMV-based tumor vaccine that may be further developed and translated into clinical use.
Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia Coli O157:H7 from Food of Bovine Origin in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Weldeselassie Million , Gugsa Getachew , Tsegaye Yisehak , Awol Nesibu , Kumar Ashwani , Ahmed Meselu , Abebe Nigus , Taddele Habtamu , Bsrat Abrha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging and major zoonotic foodborne pathogen with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains which may results in sporadic cases to serious outbreaks in the whole world. Cattle have been identified as a major reservoir of the pathogen. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 from raw milk, yogurt, and meat of bovine origin and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014-June 2015 and a total of 284 milk and meat were collected from different sources in Mekelle. The collected samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern following the standard bacteriological and molecular techniques and procedures, and antimicrobial sensitivity test. Results: Out of the total 284 samples, 70(24.64%) were positive bacteriologically to E. coli and 14.29% were found to be Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7. All (100%) E. coli isolates carried the pal and 41.67% eae gene (EHEC). Of these EHEC isolates 40% and 60% were positive for stx1 and stx2, respectively. E. coli isolates were showed the highest level of sensitivity for Gentamycin (91.7%) but the highest level of resistance to Amoxicillin (95.8%). Of the tested isolates, 18(75%) of E. coli showed multiple antimicrobial resistance.Conclusions: The current study revealed the occurrence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 in foods of bovine origin in the study area. So, there is a chance of acquiring infection via the consumption of raw or undercooked food of bovine origin. Thus, awareness creation should be made on foodborne disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 with due consideration on the safe handling and consumption of food of animal origin.
Enhanced Production of Ectoine From Methane Using Metabolically Engineered Methylomicrobium Alcaliphilum 20Z
Authors: Cho Sukhyeong , Lee Yun Seo , Chai Hanyu , Lim Sang eun , Na Jeong Geol , Lee Jinwon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Ectoine (1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is an attractive compatible solute because of its wide industrial applications. Previous studies on the microbial production of ectoine have focused on sugar fermentation. Alternatively, methane can be used as an inexpensive and abundant resource for ectoine production by using the halophilic methanotroph, Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z. However, there are some limitations, including the low production of ectoine from methane and the limited tools for the genetic manipulation of methanotrophs to facilitate their use as industrial strains.Results: We constructed a genetically tractable M. alcaliphilum 20Z with a high conjugation efficiency and stability of the episomal plasmid by the removal of its native plasmid. To improve the ectoine production in M. alcaliphilum 20Z from methane, the ectD (encoding ectoine hydroxylase) and ectR (transcription repressor of the ectABC-ask operon) were deleted to reduce the formation of by-products (such as hydroxyectoine) and induce ectoine production. When the double mutant was batch cultured with methane, ectoine production was enhanced 1.6-fold compared to that obtained with M. alcaliphilum 20ZDP (45.58 mg/L vs. 27.26 mg/L) without growth inhibition. Notably, the use of an optimized medium for ectoine production, containing 6% NaCl and 0.05 µM tungsten, gave ectoine yields of up to 142.32 mg/L without hydroxyectoine production. This result demonstrates the highest ectoine production from methane to date.Conclusions: Ectoine production was significantly enhanced by the disruption of the ectD and ectR genes in M. alcaliphilum 20Z under optimized conditions favoring ectoine accumulation. We demonstrated effective genetic engineering in a methanotrophic bacterium, with enhanced production of ectoine from methane as the sole carbon source. This study suggests a potentially transformational path to commercial sugar-based ectoine production.
Quantum Mechanical 4-dimensional Non-polarizing Beamsplitter
Authors: Kryvobok Artem , Kathman Alan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effects of a beamsplitter are frequently described mathematically as a matrix acting on a two input ports vector. This might be comprehensive for a scalar field but certainly insufficient in case of photons which are vector fields. In this paper we discuss theoretical grounds to define elements of a 4x4 matrix to more accurately represent the beamsplitter, fully accounting for transverse polarization modes. We also provide experimental evidence confirming this matrix representation. From scientific point of view the paper addresses a non-trivial equivalence between the classical fields Fresnel formalism and the canonical commutation relations of the quantized photonic fields. That the formalism can be readily verified with a simple experiment provides further benefit. The beamsplitter expression derived can be applied in the field of quantum computing.
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Chronic Cough in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Concomitant Gastroesophageal Reflux Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Su Jiao , Zhao Chunling , Meng Yang , Fang Yifei , Liu Yanjun , Sun Linge , Wang Mengge , Dai Liping , Ouyang Songyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:Chronic cough is common in obstructive sleep apnea. The aetiology of chronic cough in obstructive sleep apnea patients could be multifactorial. Several studies have reported high incidence rates of gastroesophageal reflux in obstructive sleep apnea patients, and gastroesophageal reflux may be one of causes of chronic cough in OSA patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on chronic cough in obstructive sleep apnea concomitant gastroesophageal reflux patients.Methods: Obstructive sleep apnea concomitant gastroesophageal reflux patients who also suffered chronic cough were enrolled. Patients who accepted continuous positive airway pressure as treatment group, and the patients who accepted general treatment (diet control, moderate exercise, sleeping on your side, limiting alcohol consumption and proton pump inhibitor±mosapride) as control group. Effects of different treatment modalities on chronic cough were assessed, and the correlation between chronic cough, obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux were performed by Pearson correlation analyses. Results: All Patients had poor sleep quality, severe daytime sleepiness, moderate-severe sleep apnea, significant weak acid reflux and moderate coughing events at the baseline. Compared with the baseline, PSQI and ESS score were improved in treatment group after 1 week’s treatment, the improvement became stronger with duration of therapy (P＜0.05). GERD-Q score, VAS score, daytime and night cough symptom score were all significantly improved in these two groups after treatment (P＜0.05), while this improvement was more pronounced in the treatment group ( P＜0.05). There were significant correlation between AHI and VAS score (r=0.612, P＜0.05), weak acid reflux and VAS score (r=0.429, P＜0.05), weak acid reflux and AHI (r=0.366, P＜0.05). Conclusion: The improvement in chronic cough and gastroesophageal reflux was due to the resolution of obstructive sleep apnea. AHI and weak acid reflux may be critical factors affecting the therapeutic effect of chronic cough in obstructive sleep apnea concomitant gastroesophageal reflux patients.