bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TET1-mediated Tumor Inhibition and Dox Resistance in Colon Cancer by Blocking WNT / β-catenin Pathway
Authors: Shiyu Lu , Mingli Feng , Jiyun Tian , Chenqu Wu , Yuanye Jiang , Qin Cao , Lin Hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAs DNA demethylation protein, Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) has been widely reported that is related to tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. This study is to investigate the role and regulation mechanism of TET1 in colon cancer.Methods The TET1 and Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1) expression level in colon cancer samples and cancer cell lines HCT116/SW480 were observed to discover the relationship between these two genes. Knockdown and overexpression of TET1 through shRNA and CRISPR technology were used to elucidate the effect of TET1 on WNT/β-catenin pathway. The 5-hmC/5-mC level were explored by bisulfate sequencing (BSP) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to further explain the regulation mechanism. Combined with the reverse assay and transwell invasion assay, the cell migration and invasion ability were tested. Finally, the role of TET1 on DOX resistance was analyzed.Results TET1 downregulated in colon cancer and showed an opposite expression trend with WNT pathway associated gene CTNNB1. TET1 bound to CTNNB1 promotor and catalyzed demethylation to activate transcription of CTNNB1, inhibiting WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathways. Colon cancer cells proliferation was promoted by TET1 downregulation, which was further verified as shTET1 could upregulate the tumor invasion. The DOX addition could rescue the cell migration, compared with normal expression of TET1. Meanwhile, TET1 down-regulation was related to DOX resistances.Conclusion TET1 played as a DNA hydroxymethylation activates inhibitors of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in colon tumor and TET1 down-regulation contributed to DOX-resistance, which might provide reference to targeting therapy in clinical practice.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Mexican People Living with HIV Under Cart with a High Prevalence of Overweight
Authors: MARQUEZ FRANCISCO CARLOS LOPEZ , Perez Alberto Alejandro Miranda , Pere Domingo , Robledo Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza , Perez Maria Elena Gutiérrez , Galarza Faviel Francisco González , Flores Pablo Ruíz , Goytia Ana Paola Roiz Bollain y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine risk factors that increase cardiovascular risk and to estimate the cardiovascular risk at 5 and 10 years in overweight/obese in seropositive subjects undergoing cART from the of Northern Mexico Methods: This study included 186 PLWH under cART. The variables analyzed were were CD4+ count, viral load, lipid profile, glucose, insulin resistance, anthropometric measures, family history of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, years of treatment and cART scheme. In this study we analyzed the probable estimate of cardiovascular risk using the algorithmic models D: A: D (5-year period) and Framingham (10-year period). Results: In our study, 51.3% of the PLWH had arterial hypertension; most of the subjects were diagnosed with overweight, hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome, which are factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The evaluation of cardiovascular risk with the Framingham model, it is low and with the D model: A: D is moderate Conclusions: PLWH receiving cART present factors that potentiate the risk of early heart disease which are hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, smoking and age. The cardiovascular risk with the algorithmic models D: A:D and Framingham are low to moderate; however these latter results should be taken with caution since the study population is a young population, which will not allow us to establish an accurate cardiovascular risk. It is important to take into account other factors such as overweight or obesity, smoking or coinfections, in addition to years of exposure to cART, which could increase the rate of heart disease.
Water Storage of Plants Cannot Be Ignored During The Process of Water Movement
Authors: Liu Ziqiang , Liu Qianqian , Wei Zijun , Yu Xinxiao , Jia Guodong , Jiang Jiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Water migration and use are important processes in trees. However, it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed by plant roots with that diffused back to the atmosphere via the stomata. The δ2H/δ18O technique and heat ratio method were used to explore the patterns of water use of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species to determine the proportions of water used for transpiration and water storage. Our results indicate that both species showed strong plasticity in their use of water sources. The species Platycladus orientalis (Oriental arbor-vitae) and Quercus variabilis (Chinese cork oak) primarily absorbed water from groundwater and the 60–100 cm soil layer, and Q. variabilis also absorbed water from the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers during the dry season. Only P. orientalis was sensitive to precipitation and used water from the 0–20 cm layers. Q. variabilis did not change its water source but increased its uptake of groundwater during the rainy season. We observed reverse flow and hydraulic redistribution in P. orientalis, which alleviated the spatial heterogeneity of soil water and provided water for neighboring trees. Nocturnal sap flow in P. orientalis and Q. variabilis facilitated the storage of water in the trunk. The water used for storage in both species comprised 6–7% of the total quantity and therefore, should be considered in water balance models.
Effect of ACE2 Expression Inhibiting Drugs on COVID-19 Disease Severity, Outcome and Length of Admission in Ethiopian Patients: A Causal Inference Using Marginal Structural Model with Inverse Probability Weight
Authors: Leulseged Tigist W. , Hassen Ishmael S. , Zewde Wuletaw C. , Maru Endalkachew H. , Naylor Lydia K. , Tsegay Yakob G. , Edo Mesay G. , Baruda Naol A. , Mihretu Fiseha E. , Terefe Zerihun A. , Kidane Nardos T. , Desalegn Henok N. , Abebe Dawit A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The role of drugs that inhibit ACE2 expression on COVID-19 disease severity, progression and outcome has been debatable with studies reporting contradictory findings. So far, there is no such study conducted in Africa. Having clarity on this issue is relevant as these drugs are the commonly prescribed medications for patients with co-morbid illnesses who are reported to be vulnerable to COVID-19 poor outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of acute or chronic ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use on COVID-19 disease severity, outcome and length of admission among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 945 patients with COVID-19 who were on follow up from July 2nd to December 25th, 2020. Data was described using frequency tables and cross tabulations. To identify the effect of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use on COVID-19 disease severity, disease outcome and length of admission, Marginal Structural Model (MSM) with inverse probability weighting (IPW) approach was used.
Results
Among the 945 patients studied, 115 (12.2%) had a history of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use. At admission, the majority (39.6%) had mild disease and 272 (28.8%) had severe disease. Among the study participants, 900 (95.2%) were discharged improved and the rest 45 (4.8%) died. The median length of admission was 14.0 days (IQR, 13–16). Multinomial Logistic Regression, Log Binomial Regression and Negative Binomial Regression models were fitted to assess the effect of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use on disease severity, outcome and length of admission respectively. In all the three outcome models, ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use didn’t show a statistically significant association with the outcomes.
Conclusions
Acute or chronic use of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs showed no effect on COVID-19 disease severity, outcome and length of admission and therefore should not be withdrawn from patients who need these therapies.
Physical Nature of The Density Maximum for Water at 4°C
Authors: Gotsulsky Vladimir Y. , Magazù Salvatore , Malomuzh Nikolay P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A new approach to the physical nature of the water density maximum at 4°C is proposed. The main attention is focused on the role of H-bonds in the formation of the specific volume and thermal expansion coefficients for ordinary and heavy water. It is shown that the minimum of the specific volume for water is connected with the amplification of H-bonds (D-bonds) role at approaching their triple points.
Association of Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Body Mass Index and Obesity Risk in Taiwanese Young Adults
Authors: Liang Chyi , Liang Shih-Wu , Lee Po-Fu , Ho Chien-Chang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of regular leisure-time physical activity with body mass index and obesity risk in Taiwanese young adults. Methods: A total of 10,802 young adults (18-44 years) were enrolled into this national telephone survey. The questionnaire data of this survey includes socio-demographic characteristics, zip code of residence, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) behaviors, self-reported health status, and self-evaluations (including height, body weight, and body mass index [BMI]). Results: When using non-regular LTPA as the baseline, participants in regular LTPA group exhibited the lower risks of overweight and underweight (OR, 0.837; 95% CI 0.738–0.948, OR, 0.732; 95% CI 0.611-0.876). But there was no significant relationship between the regular LTPA and obesity risk when using non-regular LTPA as the baseline after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions: The study results revealed that regular LTPA effectively lowered the risks of underweight and overweight. However, for people with obesity, regular LTPA was unable to significantly decrease their obesity risk.
HNMR-Based Metabolomics Survey in Breast Cancer Cell Line Treated by Chimera Alpha – Fetoprotein (AFP) Peptide
Authors: Nourolahi Seyedeh Masoumeh , Behdani Mehdi , Movahedi Monireh , Shahbazzadeh Delavar , Zamani Zahra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer among. Chemotherapy and radiation along with surgery are common methods for treating cancer, but they exhibit side effects on normal cells in the body. We used peptides, as new anti-cancer agents, seem to have fewer reactions on the body's natural cells and are specialized markers for targeting cancer cells. Materials and methods: Metabolomics data are obtained by 1HNMR, LC/MS and GC/MS spectrometry and analyzed by chemometrics techniques and the affected metabolic cycles identified using different databases. ZR-75-1 cells were collected with estradiol (positive control), without estradiol (negative control) and estradiol with peptide (treatment group) and the metabolites of these 3 groups were collected by chloroform/methanol or water extraction method. Spectra were analyzed by 1HNMR and chemometric methods using PLS-DA techniques by which differentiating chemical shifts and their respective metabolites were identified using the Human Metabolome Database. The differentiating metabolic pathways were detected using Metaboanalyst.ca website. Results: A concentration of 10-9 M estradiol induced the growth of estradiol-dependent ZR-75-1 cells compared to the control group. A concentration of 10-10 M MH-I peptide inhibited the growth of estradiol-induced growth in this ER + breast cancer cell line. Altered metabolites and metabolic pathway were distinguished. Conclusion: Changes were observed in different amino acids and carbohydrates. The pathways of aminoacyl-t-RNA, glycolysis. Gluconeogenesis and biosynthesis of biotin and amino acids showed the most changes. The results from this study introduces a new peptide drug lead for the treatment of breast cancer with estrogen positive receptor.
Frequency of winter temperature extremes over northern Eurasia dominated by AMOC
Authors: Wang Huan , Zuo Zhiyan , Qiao Liang , Zhang Kaiwen , Sun Cheng , Xiao Dong , Lin Zouxing , Bu Lulei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Widespread observed and projected increases in warm extremes, along with decreases in cold extremes, have been confirmed to be consistent with global and regional warming. However, in our study, decadal variations in surface air temperature (SAT) extremes over northern Eurasia in winter are primarily dominated by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), rather than an anthropogenically forcing. Based on reanalysis and state-of-the-art model simulations, we highlight that the decadal weakening of AMOC narrowed the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution of winter SAT via diminishing its variance, and thus inducing fewer SAT extremes. On the contrary, the decadal enhancing of AMOC corresponded to the increase in the SAT variance over northern Eurasia, making a milder GEV distribution and generating more warm and cold extremes. These AMOC induced variations in SAT extremes may depend on the ocean heat transported into the atmosphere for air motion over northern Eurasia and the Arctic amplification caused by the heat advection from the northward-flowing Atlantic water.
Fumagillin Attenuates Spinal Angiogenesis, Neuroinflammation, and Pain in Neuropathic Rats After Chronic Constriction Injury
Authors: Wen Zhi-Hong , Huang Shi-Ying , Kuo Hsiao-Mei , Chen Chao-Ting , Chen Nan-Fu , Chen Wu-Fu , Tsui Kuan-Hao , Liu Hsin-Tzu , Sung Chun-Sung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Angiogenesis in the central nervous system is visible in animal models of neuroinflammation and bone cancer pain. However, whether spinal angiogenesis exists and contributes to central sensitization in neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study analyzed the impact of angiogenesis on spinal neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain.
Methods
Rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) to sciatic nerve underwent implantation of an intrathecal catheter. Fumagillin or vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody (anti-VEGF-A) was administered intrathecally. Nociceptive behaviors, cytokine immunoassay, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis assessed the effect of angiogenesis inhibition on CCI-induced neuropathic pain.
Results
VEGF, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) expressions increased after CCI in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord compared to that in the contralateral side of CCI and control rats from postoperative day (POD) 7 to 28, with a peak at POD 14. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 concentrations, but not IL-10 levels, also increased in the ipsilateral spinal cord after CCI. Fumagillin and anti-VEGF-A reduced CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia from POD 5 to 14 and mechanical allodynia from POD 3 to 14. Fumagillin reduced CCI-upregulated expressions of angiogenic factors and astrocytes. Furthermore, fumagillin decreased TNF-α and IL-6 amounts and increased IL-10 levels at POD 7 and 14, but not IL-1β concentrations.
Conclusions
Fumagillin significantly ameliorates CCI-induced nociceptive sensitization, spinal angiogenesis and astrocyte activation. Our results suggest that angiogenesis inhibitor treatment suppresses peripheral neuropathy-induced central angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, astrocyte activation, and neuropathic pain.
Identification of Genomic Instability Related Lncrna Signature Associated with Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhu Xiaole , Yu Rong , Peng Yunpeng , Hou Chaoqun , Shi Chenyuan , Yin Lingdi , Miao Yi , Li Qiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggested that the critical roles for lncRNAs in the maintenance of genomic stability. However, the identification of genomic instability related lncRNA signature (GILncSig) and their clinical significance in tumor immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer remain largely unexplored.Methods: In the present study, a systematic analysis of lncRNA expression profiles and somatic mutation profiles was performed in pancreatic cancer patients from TCGA. We performed co-expression network and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses to determine the potential functions and pathways involved in lncRNAs are associated with genomic instability. We then development a risk score model to describe the characteristics of the model and verify its prediction accuracy. ESTIMATE algorithm, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and CIBERSORT analysis were employed to reveal the characteristics of tumor immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. The correlation of risk signature with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy was analyzed. Results: We identified 206 GILncSig, of which five were screened to develop a prognostic GInLncSig model. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and stratified analysis revealed that the prognostic value of the GILncSig was independent of other clinical variables. ROC analysis suggested that GILncSig is better than the existing lncRNA-related signatures in predicting survival. Additionally, the prognostic performance of the GILncSig was also found to be favorable in patients carrying wild-type KRAS, TP53 and SMAD4. Besides, a nomogram exhibited appreciable reliability for clinical application in predicting the prognosis of patients. Finally, the risk score significantly correlated with immune score, immune-related signature, infiltrating immune cells (i.e. B cells, etc.), and ICB key molecules (i.e. CTLA4, etc.). Conclusion: In summary, the GILncSig identified by us may have crucial role in immune cell infiltration，immunotherapy and important indicator for clinical stratification management and therapy decisions for pancreatic cancer patients.
Machine-learning based discovery of missing physical processes in radiation belt modeling
Authors: Camporeale Enrico , Wilkie George , Drozdov Alexander , Bortnik Jacob 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Real-time prediction of the dynamics of energetic electrons in Earth's radiation belts incorporating incomplete observation data is important to protect valuable artificial satellites and to understand their physical processes. Traditionally, reduced models have employed a diffusion equation based on the quasi-linear approximation. Using a Physics-Informed Neutral Network (PINN) framework, we train and test a model based on four years of Van Allen Probe data. We present a recipe for gleaning physical insight from solving the ill-posed inverse problem of inferring model coefficients from data using PINNs. With this, it is discovered that the dynamics of ``killer electrons'' is described more accurately instead by a drift-diffusion equation. A parameterization for the diffusion and drift coefficients, which is both simpler and more accurate than existing models, is presented.
Determination of Genetic Characterization and Circulation Pattern of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Rsv) in Children With a Respiratory Infection, Tehran, Iran, During 2018-2019
Authors: Tavakoli Forough , Izadi Anahita , Yavarian Jila , Sharifi‐Zarchi Ali , Salimi Vahid , Mokhtari-azad Talat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The RSV-associated disease accounts for a significant health burden particularly in infants and young children who need to be hospitalized. Since continuous surveillance of circulating RSV genotypes is critical worldwide, this study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of RSV circulating strains causing upper or lower acute respiratory infection. Our attention was geared towards studying the cases in hospitalized or outpatient children younger than 2 years of age in Iran during 2018/2019. In this study, nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from 206 children who presented with respiratory infection symptoms, were admitted to the referral pediatric ward of Bahrami children’s hospital in Tehran, Iran. RSV-positive samples were detected via Nested RT-PCR. The glycoprotein gene was sequenced, and virus genotypes were confirmed through phylogenetic analysis by the MEGA X program. A total of 74(35.92%) samples tested positive for RSV. Among them, sequencing was done in 10 specimens from 2018 (RSV-A: RSV-B =4:6) and 19 specimens from 2019 (RSV-A: RSV-B =16:3). According to Phylogenetic analysis, all RSV-A strains were assigned as ON1 genotype and RSV-B strains were assigned as BA9 genotype. A new N-glycosylation site in Iranian BA9 and positive selection in ON1 genotype was observed. Phylogenetic characterization of strains in the current study revealed co-circulation of ON1 and BA9 as the only prevalent genotypes of both RSV-A and –B groups.
Crystals Detail Magma Production and Crust Formation at an Active Back-Arc Submarine Volcano
Authors: Trua Teresa , Marani Michael P. , Gamberi Fabiano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Magmatic reservoirs feed active volcanoes and contribute to Earth’s crust formation. Among the processes operating in these systems, those controlling the early chemical evolution stages of magma are the most difficult to identify. This paper reports the first multi-mineral crystal archive that offers insights on the magmatic dynamics governing the production of basalt to andesite lavas at an oceanic back-arc spreading centre. As a result of these dynamics, a mush-dominated transcrustal system developed in the last 0.7 million years. The micro-scale crystal view identifies physicochemical magmatic environments that pass unobserved using whole-rock chemistry alone. It also supplies an interpretative formation model for plumbing system components, functional for the interpretation of geophysical data.
Insights into Nitrogen Metabolism in the Wild and Cultivated Lettuce as Revealed by Transcriptome and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Eriksen Renee L , Simko Ivan , Shi Ainong , Mou Beiquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers applied during lettuce production are lost due to leaching or volatilization, causing severe environmental pollution and increased costs of production. Developing lettuce varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is the eco-friendly solution to reduce nitrogen pollution. Hence, in-depth knowledge of nitrogen metabolism and assimilation genes and their regulation is critical for developing high NUE varieties. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis of the cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and its wild progenitor (L. serriola) under high and low nitrogen conditions. A total of 2,704 differentially expressing genes (DEGs) were identified. Key enriched biological processes included photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction process, chlorophyll biosynthetic process, and cell redox homeostasis. The transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the ethylene responsive factor (ERF) family and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family were among the top differentially expressed TFs. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) we constructed nine co-expression modules. Among these, two modules were further investigated because of their significant association with total nitrogen content and photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (PSII). Three highly correlated clusters were identified which included hub genes for nitrogen metabolism, secondary metabolites, and carbon assimilation, and were regulated by cluster specific TFs. We found that the expression of nitrogen transportation and assimilation genes varied significantly between the two lettuce species thereby providing the opportunity of introgressing wild alleles into the cultivated germplasm for developing lettuce cultivars with more efficient use of nitrogen.