bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disappearance of Meconium Pigment in Placental Specimens on Exposure to Light
Authors: Morhaime Jacquelyn L. , Park Kay , Benirschke Kurt , Baergen Rebecca N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.—Meconium discharge has been associated with fetal distress and poor neonatal outcome; thus, its presence is of clinical importance.
Objective.—Loss of meconium pigment in histologic sections from light exposure has been described. We sought to confirm this finding and to measure this loss quantitatively.
Design.—Sections of umbilical cord, fetal membranes, and fetal surface from 11 grossly meconium-stained placentas were processed swiftly to minimize light exposure. Two serial sections from each block were cut and stained; one set was reviewed immediately, and the other was exposed to 8 hours of direct fluorescent lighting. Each site and exposure was scored for pigment intensity (0, no staining; 1, weak expression; and 2, moderate/strong expression) and number of meconium-laden macrophages per 10 high-power fields (HPF). Results were compared on the same specimen using the χ2 and the paired-samples t test.
Results.—The maximum meconium macrophage count was 13.2/10 HPF in the unexposed sections versus 6.1/10 HPF in the exposed sections (P &lt; .001). Unexposed sections varied from 1+ to 2+ intensity, while exposed sections were all 1+ or negative (P &lt; .001).
Conclusion.—Exposure to fluorescent laboratory lights for 8 hours resulted in a significant loss in the intensity and number of identifiable meconium macrophages in histologic sections. These findings have important implications in the handling of placental specimens, and we recommend that care be taken to minimize exposure to laboratory lights during processing.
Comparison of Direct Selective Versus Nonselective Agar Media Plus LIM Broth Enrichment for Determination of Group B Streptococcus Colonization Status in Pregnant Women
Authors: Elsayed Sameer , Gregson Daniel B. , Church Deirdre L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.—Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis in developed countries, and determination of the GBS colonization status in pregnant patients near term is essential for the provision of prophylactic measures to prevent early-onset disease.
Objectives.—To determine if GBS recovery rates and/or result turnaround times for vaginal or combined vaginal/rectal swab specimens from pregnant patients near term are enhanced if swabs are inoculated initially onto selective versus nonselective agar media, in addition to the standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention method.
Design.—Prospective laboratory analysis.
Setting.—Urban health region/centralized diagnostic microbiology laboratory.
Patients.—Pregnant women presenting for routine obstetrical care and collection of vaginal or combined vaginal/rectal swab specimens for GBS testing at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation.
Intervention.—Culture of specimens directly onto selective (5% sheep blood with colistin and nalidixic acid) or nonselective (5% sheep blood) agar media, in addition to LIM broth enrichment and terminal subculture.
Main Outcome Measures.—Group B streptococcus recovery rate and culture result turnaround time.
Results.—A total of 639 specimens were tested, with 128 (20%) positive for GBS. Sixty-three isolates were recovered on direct agar media at 24 hours, of which 16 (12.5%) were isolated on selective plates only. An additional 38 isolates were recovered at 48 hours from direct plates. Twenty-seven (21.1%) isolates that failed to grow on direct plates were recovered from the LIM broth subculture only. Three (2.3%) isolates not recovered from LIM broths were detected at 48 hours on the direct selective (2 isolates) and nonselective (1 isolate) agar plates. A 24-hour result turnaround time was achieved for 63 (49.2%) and 47 (36.7%) of the 128 culture-positive specimens for direct selective and nonselective plates, respectively (χ2 = 76.63, P &lt; .001).
Conclusions.—Use of direct selective agar media, in addition to LIM broth enrichment, for the determination of the GBS colonization status in pregnant patients near term results in decreased turnaround time for reporting positive results.
Pancreatic Acinar Cell Metaplasia in Autoimmune Gastritis
Authors: Jhala Nirag C. , Montemor Mario , Jhala Darshana , Lu Lin , Talley Lynya , Haber Marian M. , Lechago Juan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To determine the frequency and significance of pancreatic acinar cells in the gastric oxyntic mucosa.
Design.—One hundred gastric oxyntic mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active gastritis (n = 30), multifocal atrophic gastritis (n = 15), autoimmune gastritis (n = 18), and normal gastric oxyntic mucosa (n = 37) were evaluated for the presence of pancreatic acinar cells. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and those positive for pancreatic acinar cells were immunostained with antibodies against trypsin and pancreatic amylase.
Results.—Eleven (11%) of 100 oxyntic mucosal tissue samples contained pancreatic acinar cells. These samples came from 9 of the 18 (50%) specimens of autoimmune gastritis, 1 of the 15 (6.6%) specimens of multifocal atrophic gastritis, and 1 of the 37 (2.7%) specimens of normal oxyntic mucosa. None of the samples with chronic active gastritis contained pancreatic acinar cells.
Conclusions.—Pancreatic acinar cells were found in the oxyntic mucosa of patients with autoimmune gastritis significantly more frequently (P &lt; .001) than in individuals with multifocal atrophic gastritis, normal oxyntic mucosa, or chronic active gastritis. Our study supports a metaplastic origin for pancreatic acinar cells in the oxyntic mucosa. Furthermore, detection of pancreatic acinar cells in the oxyntic mucosa of patients with gastritis strongly suggests an autoimmune pathogenesis.
Localized Retroperitoneal Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Mimicking Malignancy
Authors: Jaiswal Vilkesh R. , Baird Julie , Fleming Jason , Miller David Scott , Sharma Suash , Molberg Kyle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (lymphangiomyomatosis [LAM]), a rare disease of unknown etiology that is seen only in women usually in the reproductive period, generally presents with features of pulmonary involvement. Extrapulmonary involvement, such as angiomyolipomas and retroperitoneal adenopathy, can occur in up to 75% of cases. It is very rare, however, for patients to present with features of extrapulmonary LAM. We present an unusual, localized case of LAM presenting with neurologic symptoms related to a retroperitoneal mass in a 51-year-old woman. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the mass involved retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and a clinical diagnosis of atypical sarcoma (possibly from a uterine primary) was made. The mass was resected, and a total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. On pathologic examination, the mass showed classic histologic features of LAM with spread along lymphatic channels in the lymph nodes. Intralymphatic projections simulated lymphatic metastasis; however, the cytologic features were benign. Immunostains revealed the tumor to be positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin, but negative for HMB-45. The uterus was unremarkable, except for a subserosal leiomyoma. Although intratumoral variability for HMB-45 has recently been described, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of HMB-45–negative, histologically classic LAM. Because of the presence of several atypical features in this case, such as age, location, compressive neurologic presentation, radiologic impression of atypical sarcoma, and HMB-45 negativity, we feel that this case may represent a distinct, as yet uncharacterized variant of LAM.
Primary Primitive Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Prostate
Authors: Colecchia Maurizio , Dagrada Gian Paolo , Poliani Pietro Luigi , Messina Antonella , Pilotti Silvana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A case of primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumor arising in the prostate gland of a 31-year-old man and first diagnosed through a biopsy is reported. Microscopically, the tumor was made up of solid nests and sheets of small round cells, and it was difficult to distinguish the neoplasm from other small round cell tumors, such as small cell carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or malignant lymphoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for CD99, vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin. The neoplasm was excised by a radical surgical procedure preceded by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The morphologic diagnosis of the prostatectomy specimen was complemented by molecular analysis performed on viable microdissected tissue obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing assessment showed the presence of EWS/FLI1 type 2 chimeric transcript, confirming the diagnosis of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a primary peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the prostate gland.
Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant Developing in a Background of Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Kelly Nadine P. , Alkan Serhan , Nand Sucha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a case of hairy cell leukemia variant developing in a background of polycythemia vera in a 77-year-old man who presented with lymphocytosis and splenomegaly. Classic hairy cell leukemia in a patient with polycythemia vera has been reported previously, but hairy cell leukemia variant arising in a patient with polycythemia vera has never been described to the best of our knowledge. Initial testing of the peripheral blood showed circulating medium to large leukemic cells with large, centrally placed nuclei, each containing a prominent nucleolus, and some cells showed cytoplasmic projections. A bone marrow biopsy had marked myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia and interstitially distributed cells with a fried-egg appearance. We verified a monoclonal B-cell population by flow cytometric analysis, which revealed expression of bright CD11c, CD22, and CD103 expression, and a lack of CD25 expression. The patient received a 5-day course of cladribine and subsequently had a complete remission. Approximately 2 months later, he had a relapse and was treated with pentostatin; however, he had no clinical response and died.
Splenic Lymphoma Arising in a Patient With Gaucher Disease
Authors: Bertram Heidi C. , Eldibany Mohamed , Padgett James , Dragon Leon H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Patients with Gaucher disease have an increased risk of malignancies, especially the lymphoreticular type. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Gaucher disease diagnosed during the workup and diagnosis of a splenic marginal-zone lymphoma with progression to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. There are several theories as to how Gaucher disease leads to malignancies. The accumulated glucocerebroside in the reticuloendothelial organs, histologically visible as Gaucher cells, is thought to provide chronic antigenic stimulus to the immune system. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia develops, and monoclonal populations of lymphocytes and plasma cells may arise from this premalignant proliferative state. How Gaucher disease is related to nonlymphoid malignancies remains unclear.
Pleomorphic Leiomyosarcoma of the Adrenal Gland
Authors: Lujan Mario G. , Hoang Mai P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Primary leiomyosarcomas arising in the adrenal gland are exceedingly rare, with only 3 cases reported in the literature. We present the clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features of a pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma, a variant of leiomyosarcoma that has not been described in the adrenal gland. A 63-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of enlarging right upper quadrant mass and pulmonary nodule. A diagnosis of metastatic pulmonary carcinoma to the adrenal gland was rendered on a needle biopsy specimen. Preoperative chemotherapy reduced only the pulmonary mass but not the adrenal mass, which continued to enlarge. Documented by computed tomography and confirmed at surgery, the tumor had completely replaced the right adrenal gland, invading into both the posterior aspect of the right liver and the superior pole of the right kidney. Histologic sections showed a diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic, large, and polygonal neoplastic cells with prominent nucleoli. Many bizarre mitotic figures were present. The neoplastic cells were strongly positive for desmin, calponin, and vimentin. Approximately 80% of the neoplastic cells were positive for the proliferation marker Ki-67. They were negative for smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, myoglobin, myogenin, CD117, cytokeratins, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, chromogranin, CD34, CD31, S100 protein, and HMB-45.
Automated Analysis of Differentiation-Induced Leukemic Cells During All-Trans Retinoic Acid Therapy of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Tohyama Kaoru , Shiga Shuichi , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Hamaguchi Yukio , Ichiyama Satoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During differentiation-induction therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a variety of APL-derived bizarre granulocytic cells appear in the peripheral blood. To evaluate the differentiation induction of leukemic cells, we have developed a new scattergram analyzing program with an automated hematology analyzer and compared the data with the flow cytometry measuring the expression of differentiation-associated cell surface antigens, CD11b and CD16. We used the fluorescence intensity and side scatter as parameters of granulocytic maturation in the analysis with the automated hematology analyzer. The analysis of 2 ATRA-treated APL patients and in vitro study using HL-60 cells demonstrated that the levels of fluorescence intensity and side scatter decreased as accompanied with granulocytic maturation, and these changes were parallel with the results of flow cytometry. Our automated scattergram analysis of cell differentiation will contribute to general, objective, and real-time evaluation of differentiation-induction therapy of APL with ATRA.
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome in a Patient With Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urothelial Tract
Authors: Hartmann Arndt , Cheville John C. , Dietmaier Wolfgang , Hofstädter Ferdinand , Burgart Lawrence J. , Blaszyk Hagen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is relatively uncommon but may develop as a manifestation of the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC), which is characterized by mutations in a number of DNA mismatch repair genes and detectable as microsatellite instability or loss of the respective protein by immunostaining. No well-established screening test is available for urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract, and little is known of the clinical impact of screening for HNPCC in patients with upper urinary tract cancer. We describe herein a patient with a urothelial carcinoma of the ureter and a strongly positive history of cancer, who was subsequently found to have HNPCC. Our findings reinforce the importance of obtaining a comprehensive history of cancer in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. Subsequent identification of individuals with HNPCC enables the patient and at-risk relatives to benefit from targeted surveillance and management programs.
Pulmonary Embolization of Bovine Collagen
Authors: McCarthy Denis M. , Haas Mark , Thuluvath Paul J. , Geschwind Jeff F. , Hutchins Grover M. , Westra William H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A bovine collagen matrix is sometimes used as a delivery medium during direct intratumoral injection of a chemotherapeutic agent. The bovine collagen enhances the dose and duration of local drug delivery and limits systemic toxicity. Although this strategy is advocated as a means of easy and effective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, the associated risks are not well defined. We report the case of a 71-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent weekly intratumoral injections of cisplatin in a bovine collagen matrix. During the third injection, he suddenly and unexpectedly underwent cardiac arrest and died. An autopsy disclosed diffuse occlusion of the pulmonary microcirculation by bovine collagen. The collagen emboli were associated with an inflammatory infiltrate typical of bovine collagen–induced hypersensitivity. This case identifies a fatal complication of intratumoral chemotherapy injections using a bovine collagen matrix, which does not appear to have been previously reported. This case underscores the valuable role of the traditional autopsy examination as a means of identifying possible complications of novel oncologic strategies, which are being rapidly developed and implemented.
Glomerular Calcification in Hypercalcemic Nephropathy
Authors: Henegar Jeffrey R. , Coleman John P. , Cespedes Julio , Hughson Michael D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hypercalcemic nephropathy has been classified as a tubulointerstitial renal disease. The presence of glomerular pathologic findings attributable to hypercalcemia has been observed in only a few patients and therefore has been considered an unusual finding. In the current study, calcium deposition within glomeruli was investigated in 2 patients with extreme elevations in serum calcium levels and hypercalcemic nephropathy. The study material consisted of a renal biopsy specimen from a 31-year-old woman (patient 1) who had T-cell lymphoma/leukemia and a serum calcium level of 20.2 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L) and autopsy kidney specimens from a 19-year-old woman (patient 2) who was being evaluated for primary hyperparathyroidism and a calcium level of 18.4 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L). The renal biopsy specimen for patient 1 exhibited calcium deposits present in the glomerular capillary basement membranes, where they were associated with segmental sclerosing lesions (21% of glomeruli). Nine percent of the cortical tubules contained calcifications. In patient 2, calcium was found in the mesangial areas in 95% of glomeruli, filling the Bowman space in 7% of glomeruli, or associated with capillary basement membranes and segmental sclerosing lesions (12% of glomeruli). Fifteen percent of cortical tubules, 4% of outer medullary tubules, and 40% of inner medullary tubules were calcified. In neither case was there immunofluorescence or electron microscopic evidence of primary glomerular disease. Thus, glomerular calcification may exceed that occurring in the cortical and outer medullary tubules and may play a significant role in the loss of renal function in hypercalcemic nephropathy. Glomerular calcinosis may also be recognized as an additional cause of segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic range proteinuria in patients with extremely high levels of serum calcium.
COVID-19 y escuela a distancia: viejas y nuevas desigualdades
Authors: Jacovkis Judith , Tarabini Aina 
Published: January 2021

El cierre de las escuelas como medida de emergencia a la situación generada por el COVID-19 ha generado retos sin precedentes para los sistemas educativos. En el caso español este cierre se desarrolla en un sistema profundamente desigual, lo que, entre otros aspectos, se expresa por unos índices de segregación escolar que se sitúan entre los más altos de Europa. El objetivo del artículo es analizar el impacto del confinamiento sobre las desigualdades educativas, poniendo un foco especifico en la expresión escolar de dichas desigualdades. Específicamente, se pretende explorar la diversidad de estrategias adoptadas por los centros educativos durante el primer período de confinamiento, analizando sus efectos sobre las oportunidades de aprendizaje de niños, niñas y jóvenes. El análisis se basa en un cuestionario respondido por 2.777 docentes de Cataluña que realizan su labor desde P3 hasta educación secundaria postobligatoria y se estructura en cuatro grandes ejes: 1) las prioridades educativas de los centros durante el tiempo de confinamiento; 2) las formas de comunicación con su alumnado; 3) las actividades pedagógicas llevadas a cabo durante este tiempo; y 4) las dificultades que los y las docentes consideran que enfrenta su alumnado para seguir el curso de forma remota. Los resultados del análisis ponen de manifiesto el impacto del COVID-19 en el agravamiento de las desigualdades educativas, expresadas por una elevada desigualdad de condiciones entre los centros educativos para articular sus procesos de enseñanza y garantizar el aprendizaje de todos los estudiantes.
Structural snapshots of the kinesin‐2 OSM‐3 along its nucleotide cycle: implications for the ATP hydrolysis mechanism
Authors: Varela Paloma F. , Chenon Mélanie , Velours Christophe , Verhey Kristen J. , Ménétrey Julie , Gigant Benoît 
Published: January 2021

Motile kinesins are motor proteins that translocate along microtubules as they hydrolyze ATP. They share a conserved motor domain which harbors both ATPase and microtubule‐binding activities. An ATP hydrolysis mechanism involving two water molecules has been proposed based on the structure of the kinesin‐5 Eg5 bound to an ATP analog. Whether this mechanism is general in the kinesin superfamily remains uncertain. Here, we present structural snapshots of the motor domain of OSM‐3 along its nucleotide cycle. OSM‐3 belongs to the homodimeric kinesin‐2 subfamily and is the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of human KIF17. OSM‐3 bound to ADP or devoid of a nucleotide shows features of ADP‐kinesins with a docked neck linker. When bound to an ATP analog, OSM‐3 adopts a conformation similar to those of several ATP‐like kinesins, either isolated or bound to tubulin. Moreover, the OSM‐3 nucleotide‐binding site is virtually identical to that of ATP‐like Eg5, demonstrating a shared ATPase mechanism. Therefore, our data extend to kinesin‐2 the two‐water ATP hydrolysis mechanism and further suggest that it is universal within the kinesin superfamily.Protein Database entries7A3Z, 7A40, 7A5E.
Typological study of Oya stone buildings and townscapes: A case study of Nishine District, Tokujirou Town, Utsunomiya City
Authors: Yasumori Akio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Japanese style of architecture has traditionally been centered on wood; however, stone from the surrounding regions has also been used as a construction material in some instances. In a volcanically active country like Japan, tuff originating from solidified volcanic ash, is quite common. The tuff, thanks to its low specific gravity and softness, is easier to process. Oya stone, a kind of tuff predominantly found in Utsunomiya City (Tochigi Prefecture, approximately 100 km north of Tokyo), has been utilized as a building material. In this study, the typology of stone buildings and townscapes in the Nishine District of Tokujirou Town is elucidated. Tokujira stone, which is similar to Oya stone, was quarried here earlier. First, 62 stone buildings at 22 sites in the district were identified, which were subsequently classified into eight types according to the construction method (such as piling stones, cladding stones, and foundation stones), as well as the use of the buildings (such as storehouses and residences). Second, the site composition was analyzed according to the building layout and its relationship with the primary highway. For this purpose, three characteristic townscape types were identified, which reflect the local architectural culture, materials, and technique.