bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide association study reveals molecular markers and genes potentially associated with soybean (Glycine max) resistance to Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines
Authors: Capobiango da Fonseca Pollyanna , Maria Barbosa Rosângela , de Oliveira Ferreira Dalton , Badel Jorge Luis , Schuster Ivan , Vieira Rogerio Faria , Lopes da Silva Felipe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoybean bacterial pustule is caused by the gram‐negative bacterium Xanthonomas citri pv. glycines. The identification of sources of resistance for use in molecular breeding is a challenge due to the existence of complex interactions between pathogenic strains and soybean cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of 118 soybean cultivars to inoculation with strains 2440P and 2447 of X. citri pv. glycines and to identify molecular markers associated with the resistance. The genome‐wide association study approach was used to identify association between the phenotype and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers. The positions of significant SNPs were mapped to the soybean Williams 82 genome, and protein‐coding genes near them were identified. One and 116 cultivars were resistant to strains 2440P and 2447, respectively. Eleven SNPs were significantly associated with resistance to strain 2440P and five to 2447. Two significant SNPs are predicted to result in amino acid changes in benzyl alcohol O‐benzoyltransferase‐like and MAIN‐LIKE 1‐like proteins, which after confirmation, could be used in marker‐assisted selection in order to increase the frequency of resistant alleles in new cultivars.
Immune mechanisms in humanSarcoptes scabiei(Acari: Sarcoptidae) infestations
Authors: Gazi Umut , Taylan ‐ Ozkan Aysegul , Mumcuoglu Kosta Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScabies is a parasitic infestation of human and animal skin caused by different strains of the itch mite,Sarcoptes scabiei. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared scabies in human as a neglected tropical disease, and today over 200 million people worldwide are affected. The two most commonly reported clinical manifestation of the condition are ordinary (OS) and crusted scabies (CS). CS, which can lead to fatal consequences due to secondary bacterial infections, is mostly observed in immunocompromised subjects but can also, although rarely, be detected in immunocompetent individuals. Innate and adaptive immune system components are involved in protection and pathogenesis of scabies, although with some differences between OS and CS. While the cutaneous immune response is dominated by CD4+T‐cells in OS, it is mainly mediated by CD8+T‐cells in CS. The two clinical conditions also differ in CD4+T‐cell‐mediated immune responses with mixed TH1/TH2 (protective) and TH2/TH17 (non‐protective) immunoprofiles in OS and CS, respectively. Moreover, the development of CS is associated with early immunosuppression that is followed by deleterious immune response to uncontrolled mite proliferation. However, the immune response to scabies still needs further attention due to inconsistent results in the literature. The aim of this study is to attract more attention to this area by summarizing the current literature on innate and adaptive immune responses triggered againstS.scabieimites.
Field sampling methods on seismic lines: a comparison between circular plots and belt transects
Authors: Jones Caren , Van Dongen Angeline , Harvey Jill , Degenhardt Dani 
Published: December 2021

Seismic lines are linear clearings created for oil and gas exploration. Regeneration on seismic lines in Alberta's boreal forest is limited by slow natural recovery, making them persistent features on the landscape and prompting interest in line restoration through vegetation reestablishment. The goal of this study was to establish an effective woody vegetation sampling method for monitoring seismic line regeneration in boreal mixedwood forests. Data collected in belt transects and circular plots were similar, and doubling the area sampled did not impact the results. Based on ease of implementation, a 30 m × 2 m belt transect in the center of a seismic line is the recommended sampling method. However, if woody understory vegetation is also being measured, dividing the belt transect into smaller areas is recommended as a single belt transect yielded less accurate height data than circular plots. Plots were also measured along seismic lines' edge and inner areas to determine if vegetation recovery differs across the width of the line. While all tree responses did not differ between the plot locations, woody understory vegetation was more abundant when measured along the inner seismic line locations. Therefore, if woody understory recovery is the focus of the sampling program, using plots placed across the seismic line width is recommended to prevent overestimation. These recommendations are intended for measuring woody vegetation recovery on 5 m wide seismic lines in upland mixedwood forests in the boreal forest; implementation in other environments or for other response variables requires additional testing.
Red blood cell transfusion in myelodysplastic syndromes: A systematic review
Authors: Kaka Shaima , Jahangirnia Ashkan , Beauregard Nickolas , Davis Alexandra , Tinmouth Alan , Chin‐Yee Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) frequently receive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions for anaemia resulting from ineffective erythropoiesis. While RBC transfusions may rapidly increase haemoglobin values, their impact on clinical and health services outcomes in MDS patients has not previously been summarized. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate risks and benefits of RBC transfusions in MDS patients. We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL) from inception through June 4, 2021 to identify studies reporting data on RBC transfusions in MDS patients. Full text publications that assessed RBC transfusions as an intervention and reported at least one clinical, laboratory, or healthcare outcome associated with transfusion were included. Study characteristics, transfusion information and transfusion‐related outcomes were extracted and reported. We identified 1243 original studies, of which 38 met eligibility requirements and were included. Fourteen reported on survival following diagnosis of MDS, with the majority reporting poorer survival among patients receiving or requiring more frequent transfusions. Nine reported on transfusion‐related iron overload and its complications. Other outcomes included rates of allo/autoimmunization and adverse transfusion reactions, and healthcare costs incurred by patients with a greater transfusion burden. Only two studies reported on symptom relief following transfusion. This review underscores transfusion dependence as a negative prognostic factor for MDS patients and highlights the paucity of evidence surrounding quality of life and symptom‐related outcomes following RBC transfusions in this population. Further study of patient‐important outcomes associated with transfusion in MDS patients is warranted to improve therapeutic recommendations and inform resource allocation.
Ex situ Spectroscopic Characterization of Residual Effects of Thermomechanical Loading on Polyurea
Authors: Huynh Nha Uyen , Youssef George 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The residual effect of thermally and mechanically loaded polyurea samples was investigated in this study using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Samples of different thicknesses were submerged in liquid nitrogen and allowed to reach cryogenic isothermal conditions while another set of samples were extracted from quasi-statically loaded strips. All samples were interrogated using THz-TDS since terahertz waves exhibit non-ionizing, nondestructive interactions with polymers. The time-domain terahertz signals were used to extract the optical and electrical properties as a function of sample thickness and loading conditions. The residual effect was prominent in the mechanically loaded samples compared to a nearly negligible presence in thermally loaded polyurea. On average, the results of the thermally loaded samples were subtle when compared to the virgin samples, whereas samples that were mechanically stretched showed a considerable difference in the characteristics of the time-domain signals. For example, the peak amplitude in the time-domain signal of the stretched thick sample showed a 9% difference from that of the virgin sample, whereas the thermally loaded sample saw only a 4.9% difference. Spectral analysis reported the frequency-dependent, complex refractive index of virgin and loaded polyurea as a function of thickness and spectral peaks associated with fundamental vibrational modes of the polyurea structure. The disappearance of three spectral peaks, 0.56 THz, 0.76 THz, and 0.95 THz, elucidated the residual effect of the mechanically loaded samples. In general, terahertz spectroscopy was shown to be a promising tool for future in situ and in operando investigations of field-dependent polymer responses.
TiO2–SiO2 Nanoparticle-Stabilized Soybean Oil-in-Water Emulsions: Dispersion Stability, Rolling Lubrication Performance, and Surface Self-Cleaning Effects
Authors: Taheri Reza , Kosasih Buyung , Zhu Hongtao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vegetable oil-in-water emulsions are common cold rolling lubricants. However, maintaining the required dispersion for polar oil droplets for consistent lubrication and proper surface self-cleaning after rolling remains a practical challenge. In this study, titanium silicate TiO2–SiO2 nanoparticle (NP)-stabilized soybean oil emulsions are produced and NPs functions as dispersant, lubrication enhancer, and detergent agent to clean up oil residue are explored. Cold rolling of SS316 strips reveals a threshold of NPs wt%, at which stably dispersed oil droplets improve tribology and lower the rolling parameters relative to without or at high wt% of NPs. Cleaner as-rolled strips are also obtained with NPs. Favorable results are attributed to the formation of NP-coating layers on oil droplets which enhances dispersion, optimizes plate-out while keeping adequate wetting, and provides a three-body abrasive rolling as opposed to two-body adhesion without NPs. A model of sliding–rolling lubrication in cold rolling is also discussed.
Active Vibration Control on a Smart Composite Structure Using Modal-Shaped Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Rodriguez Jonathan , Collet Manuel , Chesné Simon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article proposes an active modal vibration control method based on a modal sliding mode controller applied to a smart material composite structure with integrated piezoelectric transducers as actuators and sensors. First, the electromechanical coupled system is identified using a modal reduced-order model. The sliding surface is based on the modal-filtered states and designed using a general formulation allowing the control of multiple vibration modes with multiple piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The performance and stability of the nonlinear controller are addressed and confirmed with the experimental results on a composite smart spoiler-shaped structure. The nonlinear switching control signal based on the modal-shaped sliding surface improves performances of the linear part of the control while maintaining not only stability but also robustness. The attenuation level achieved on the target modes on all piezoelectric sensors starts from −14 dB up to −22 dB, illustrating the strong potential of nonlinear switching control methods in active vibration control.
The spatial association of accessory minerals with biotite in granitic rocks from the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Clarke D. Barrie , Renno Axel D. , Hamilton David C. , Gilbricht Sabine , Bachmann Kai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We use mineral liberation analysis (MLA) to quantify the spatial association of 15,118 grains of accessory apatite, monazite, xenotime, and zircon with essential biotite, and clustered with themselves, in a peraluminous biotite granodiorite from the South Mountain Batholith in Nova Scotia (Canada). A random distribution of accessory minerals demands that the proportion of accessory minerals in contact with biotite is identical to the proportion of biotite in the rock, and the binary touching factor (percentage of accessory mineral touching biotite divided by modal proportion of biotite) would be ~1.00. Instead, the mean binary touching factors for the four accessory minerals in relation to biotite are: apatite (5.06 for 11,168 grains), monazite (4.68 for 857 grains), xenotime (4.36 for 217 grains), and zircon (5.05 for 2876 grains). Shared perimeter factors give similar values. Accessory mineral grains that straddle biotite grain boundaries are larger than completely locked, or completely liberated, accessory grains. Only apatite-monazite clusters are significantly more abundant than expected for random distribution. The high, and statistically significant, binary touching factors and shared perimeter factors suggest a strong physical or chemical control on their spatial association. We evaluate random collisions in magma (synneusis), heterogeneous nucleation processes, induced nucleation in passively enriched boundary layers, and induced nucleation in actively enriched boundary layers to explain the significant touching factors. All processes operate during the crystallization history of the magma, but induced nucleation in passively and actively enriched boundary layers are most likely to explain the strong spatial association of phosphate accessories and zircon with biotite. In addition, at least some of the apatite and zircon may also enter the granitic magma as inclusions in grains of Ostwald-ripened xenocrystic biotite.
Multiple sediment incorporation events in a continental magmatic arc: Insight from the metasedimentary rocks of the northern North Cascades, Washington (USA)
Authors: Hanson Ann E. H. , Gordon Stacia M. , Ashley Kyle T. , Miller Robert B. , Langdon-Lassagne Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rheology and composition of arc crust and the overall evolution of continental magmatic arcs can be affected by sediment incorporation events. The exhumed Cretaceous–Eocene North Cascades arc exposes abundant metasedimentary rocks that were incorporated into the arc during multiple events. This study uses field relationships, detrital zircon geochronology, bulk rock geochemistry, geothermometry, and quartz-in-garnet geobarometry to distinguish approximate contacts and emplacement depths for different metasedimentary units to better understand their protolith incorporation history and impact on the arc. The Skagit Gneiss Complex is one of the main deep crustal units of the North Cascades arc. It includes metasedimentary rocks with distinct detrital zircon signatures: Proterozoic–Cretaceous (Group 1) or Triassic–Cretaceous (Group 2) zircon populations. Both metasedimentary groups achieved near-peak metamorphic conditions of 640–800 °C and 5.5–7.9 kbar; several Group 2 samples reveal the higher pressures. A third group of metasedimentary rocks, which was previously interpreted as metamorphosed equivalents of backarc sediments (Group 3), exhibited unimodal Triassic or bimodal Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous detrital zircon signatures and achieved near-peak conditions of 570–700 °C and 8.7–10.5 kbar. The combined field and analytical data indicate that protoliths of Group 1 and Group 2 metasedimentary rocks were successively deposited in a forearc basin and underthrusted into the arc as a relatively coherent body. Group 3 backarc sediments were incorporated into the arc along a transpressional step-over zone. The incorporation of both forearc and backarc sediments was likely facilitated by arc magmatism that weakened arc crust in combination with regional transpression.
Temporal trends in the epidemiology of childhood severe visual impairment and blindness in the UK
Authors: Teoh Lucinda J , Solebo Ameenat Lola , Rahi Jugnoo S 
Published: December 2021

Background/aimsUnderstanding temporal trends in childhood visual disability is necessary for planning and evaluating clinical services and health policies. We investigate the changing epidemiology of severe visual impairment (SVI) and blindness (BL) in children in the UK in the 21st century.MethodsComparative analysis of two national population-based epidemiological studies of incident childhood SVI/BL (ICD-10 definition; visual acuity worse than 1.0 LogMAR in the better eye). We carry out comparative analysis of studies conducted in 2000 and 2015 using identical methods.ResultsOverall annual and cumulative incidence rates remained broadly stable in 2015 at 0.38 per 10 000 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.41) for 0–15 years old and 5.65 per 10 000 (5.16 to 6.18) by 16 years, respectively, and with annual incidence in infancy (3.52 per 10 000, 3.13 to 3.97) remaining considerably higher than any other age. Mortality among children diagnosed in infancy declined (from 61.4 to 25.6 per 1000), despite an increase (from 77% to 84%, p=0.037) in the overall proportion with significant non-ophthalmic impairments/disorders. The relative contribution of all the main groups of disorders increased over time, most notably cerebral visual impairment (from 50% to 61%). Aetiological factors operating prenatally continued to predominate, with an increased relative contribution of hereditary conditions in all children (from 35% to 57%, p<0.001). The substantially elevated rates for any ethnic minority group and those born preterm were unchanged, with amplification of increased rates associated with low birth weight.ConclusionThe changing landscape of healthcare and increased survival of affected children, is reflected in increasing clinical complexity and heterogeneity of all-cause SVI/BL alongside declining mortality.
Effect of music on clinical outcome after hip fracture operations (MCHOPIN): study protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fu Victor X , Jeekel Johannes , Van Lieshout Esther M M , Van der Velde Detlef , Slegers Leonie J P , Haverlag Robert , Haumann Johan , Poley Marten J , Verhofstad Michael H J 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPatients undergoing proximal femur fracture surgery are at high risk of postoperative complications, with postoperative delirium occurring in 25%–40% of patients. Delirium has profound effects on patient outcome and recovery, the patient’s family, caregivers and medical costs. Perioperative music has a beneficial effect on eliciting modifiable risk factors of delirium. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of perioperative recorded music on postoperative delirium in patients with proximal femur fracture undergoing surgery.Methods and analysisThe Music on Clinical Outcome after Hip Fracture Operations study is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, randomised controlled, open-label, clinical trial. Five hundred and eight patients with proximal femur fracture meeting eligibility criteria will be randomised to the music intervention or control group with concealed allocation in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by hospital site. The perioperative music intervention consists of preselected lists totalling 30 hours of music, allowing participants to choose their preferred music from these lists (classical, jazz and blues, pop and Dutch). The primary outcome measure is postoperative delirium rate. Secondary outcome measures include pain, anxiety, medication requirement, postoperative complications, hospital length of stay and 30-day mortality. A 90-day follow-up will be performed in order to assess nursing home length of stay, readmission rate and functional ability to perform daily living activities. Furthermore, the cost and cost-effectiveness of the music intervention will be assessed. Data will be analysed according to an intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Erasmus MC on 8 October 2018 (MEC-2018–110, NL64721.078.18). The trial will be carried out following the Declaration of Helsinki principles, Good Clinical Practice guidelines and Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. Research data will be reported following Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines and study results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNTR7036.
Perceptions of pharmacists towards drug shortages in the healthcare system of Pakistan and its impact on patient care: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Omer Sumaira , Pan Mengyuan , Ali Salamat , Shukar Sundus , Fang Yu , Yang Caijun 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore pharmacists’ perceptions on drug shortages and its impingement on the Pakistani healthcare system, in particular on patient care.DesignOnline questionnaire survey.Setting and participantsHospital pharmacists from five out of seven regions of Pakistan were approached; including the federal territory (Islamabad) and four provinces (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Punjab and Sindh).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence and type of shortages were identified along with strategies to reduce its effect on patient care.MethodA validated questionnaire was distributed through various online platforms to 800 registered hospital pharmacists. A convenience sampling technique was used to obtain information on drug shortages, the reporting system for shortages, the impact on patients and policy solutions for managing drug shortages.ResultsOut of 800 hospital pharmacists, 708 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 88.5%). Of these hospital pharmacists, 47% came from hospitals of Punjab, 26% from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 13% from Sindh, 11% from Balochistan and 4% from Islamabad; 72% and 28% worked in tertiary and secondary hospitals, respectively. The majority (32%) interacted with shortages daily. The top three drug categories reported in shortage were oncology drugs (54%), cardiovascular drugs (53%) and antimicrobials (42%). 58% of the respondents have seen care delayed as a negative consequence of shortages. ‘Creating new communication system’ (65%) and ‘readjust budget plans’ (41%) were the two most frequently indicated recommendations for shortages management at hospital, while ‘circulars or alerts from the regulatory authority’ (60%) and ‘time to time directives from local health statuaries’ (48%) were two most widely suggested policy solutions.ConclusionDrug shortage is a serious concern in Pakistani hospitals, experienced on a daily basis endangering patients’ health. Enhanced communication is required, connecting the key stakeholders. Health policies should be reviewed; adequate funds should be allocated to the health sector preventing future shortages.