bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect Wing Buckling Influences Stress and Stability During Collisions
Authors: Jankauski Mark , Schwab Ryan , Casey Cailin , Mountcastle Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Flapping insect wings frequently collide with vegetation and other obstacles during flight. Repeated collisions may irreversibly damage the insect wing, thereby compromising the insect’s ability to fly. Further, reaction torques caused by the collision may destabilize the insect and hinder its ability to maneuver. To mitigate the adverse effects of impact, some insect wings are equipped with a flexible joint called a “costal break.” The costal break buckles once it exceeds a critical angle, which is believed to improve flight stability and prevent irreversible wing damage. However, to our knowledge, there are no models to predict the dynamics of the costal break. Through this research, we develop a simple model of an insect wing with a costal break. The wing was modeled as two beams interconnected by a torsional spring, where the stiffness of the torsional spring instantaneously decreases once it has exceeded a critical angle. We conducted a series of static tests to approximate model parameters. Then, we used numerical simulation to estimate the peak stresses and reaction moments experienced by the wing during a collision. We found that costal break increased the wing’s natural frequency by about 50% compared to a homogeneous wing and thus reduced the stress associated with normal flapping. Buckling did not significantly affect peak stresses during collision. Joint buckling reduced the peak reaction moment by about 32%, suggesting that the costal break enhances flight stability.
Machine Learning Method for Forecasting Weather Needed For Crop Water Demand Estimations in Low-Resource Settings Using A Case Study in Morocco
Authors: Sheline Carolyn , Winter Amos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Low and middle income countries often do not have the infrastructure needed to support weather forecasting models, which are computationally expensive and often require detailed inputs from local weather stations. Local, low-cost weather prediction services are needed to enable optimal irrigation scheduling and increase crop productivity for rural farmers in low-resource settings. This work proposes a machine learning approach to predict the weather inputs needed to calculate crop water demand, namely evapotranspiration and precipitation. The focus of this work is on the accuracy with which Moroccan weather can be predicted with a vector autoregression (VAR) model compared to using typical meteorological year (TMY) weather, and how this accuracy changes as the number of weather parameters is reduced.
Impact of Asset Management in a Green Supply Chain
Authors: Hajihashemi Sara , Alizadeh Reza , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With increasing concerns about global warming caused by greenhouse gasses (GHGs), organizations have become more responsible for their operations. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), companies with a supply chain (SC) generate about 42% of GHGs in their transportation (30%) and inventory systems (12%), which makes mitigating climate change through a green supply chain (GSC) management a reasonable solution.
To design a GSC, we model the SC as a customer and store network, with customers driving in cars to and from stores and the retailer resupplying the stores from a central warehouse. The number and location of stores are determined to find a low-cost and low emission configuration for the SC.
The key findings are (1) SCs with more small stores generate less emission than ones with fewer large stores; (2) when minimizing the operating cost is more important than mitigating GHG emissions, fewer large stores are preferred than having more small stores; (3) a SC with two warehouses reduces the number of open stores in a large area such as Puerto Rico.
Our contributions are (1) building a model of a GSC based on population data; (2) modeling a GSC in a two-echelon network which can be solved simultaneously using the k-median approach; (3) evaluating the effect of multiple warehouses on the overall GHGs emissions; (4) managing the incompleteness and inaccuracy of the data through implementing the compromise Decision Support Problem construct to identify satisficing solutions.
The model mentioned earlier highlights the important parameters that impact the green GHG emissions reduction from a SC that describe in this paper. We also discuss how this approach can be employed for other design problems, including manufacturing and healthcare.
How Designers Talk: Constructing and Analysing a Design Thinking Data Corpus
Authors: Lloyd Peter , Akdag Salah Almila , Chandrasegaran Senthil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A necessary condition of understanding how designers work is understanding how designers talk. In this paper we show how new methods of linguistic data analysis are beginning to reveal insights into the general nature of design conversations. For the first time we combine design activity data collected over 30 years by the Design Thinking Research Symposium (DTRS) ‘shared data’ series into a single corpus. We apply emerging techniques of analysis on this corpus and explore word forms, expressions, topics, and themes related to the particularities of how designers talk. We describe three such methods: generating category network maps using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) system; semantic grouping of words using word embeddings and examining the distribution of these groups across the datasets, and custom text generation using an A1-based language modeller. In applying these methods, we show that exploring design activity data at the corpus level can reveal more general patterns of design talk and raise key questions and hypotheses for further study. We see these methods as a first step in developing an understanding of how people not considered to be designers (e.g., scientists, business people, politicians) talk in ways that might be considered ‘designerly’ [1].
Gestural Interfaces to Support the Sketching Activities of Designers
Authors: Bellani Pierstefano , Carulli Marina , Caruso Giandomenico 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The several loops characterizing the design process used to slow down the development of new projects. Since the 70s, the design process has changed due to the new technologies and tools related to Computer-Aided Design software and Virtual Reality applications that make almost the whole process digital. However, the concept phase of the design process is still based on traditional approaches, while digital tools are poor exploited. In this phase, designers need tools that allow them to rapidly save and freeze their ideas, such as sketching on paper, which is not integrated in the digital-based process.
The paper presents a new gestural interface to give designers more support by introducing an effective device for 3D modelling to improve and speed up the conceptual design process. We designed a set of gestures to allow people from different background to 3D model their ideas in a natural way. A testing session with 17 participants allowed us to verify if the proposed interaction was intuitive or not. At the end of the tests, all participants succeeded in the 3D modelling of a simple shape (a column) by only using air gestures in a relatively short amount of time exactly how they expected it to be built, confirming the proposed interaction.
The Redesign of a Recumbent Tricycle Using a Crank Rocker Mechanism to Increase Power Throughput in FES Cycling
Authors: Bazler Anthony L. , Myszka David H. , Murray Andrew P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of a mechanism to improve the power throughput of persons with tetra- or paraplegia pedaling via functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES stimulates muscle contraction with small electrical currents and has proven useful in building muscle in patients while relieving soreness and promoting cardiovascular health. An FES-stimulated cyclist produces power that is an order of magnitude less than an able-bodied cyclist. At these reduced power levels, many difficulties associated with FES cycling become apparent, namely inactive zones. Inactive zones are defined by the leg being in a position where muscle stimulation is unable to produce power to propel the tricycle forward. A possibility for reducing inactive zones and increasing the power throughput of the cyclist is to alter the motion of a cyclist’s legs. Bicycles have recently been marketed that feature pedaling mechanisms that employ alternate leg motions. This work considers using a four-bar and ratchet-and-pawl linkage in the redesign of a performance tricycle piloted by an FES-stimulated rider. Quasi-static and power models have been optimized for this cycling architecture yielding a design that suggests a 79% increase in throughput power for some FES cyclists. Multiple sets of dimensions are compared against design criteria to identify an ideal design.
An Eco-Industrial Park-Based Method for Net Zero Community Creation
Authors: Hairston Garrett , Layton Astrid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Much emphasis is placed on the role of Net Zero Communities (NZCs) in achieving a sustainable future. Systems research on the topic, including the application of bio-inspired techniques already used on other human networks, is currently hindered by the lack of case studies documenting the structure and quantity of energy, water, and waste flows within realistic NZCs. This work proposes and preliminarily tests a method of generating a database of hypothetical-realistic NZCs by expanding the system boundaries for well-documented Eco-industrial Park (EIP) networks. The expansion includes residential and commercial actors from the community surrounding the EIP. Past studies using Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) to improve the environmental and economic performance of these EIPs have resulted in a quantitative database of case studies. Combining these industrial hubs to nearby residential, commercial, agricultural, etc. actors can generate potential multi-use networks on which similar design work can be conducted. Three EIP to NZC cases are generated and analyzed focusing on their system structure. Cyclicity, an ENA metric used to quantify the presence and complexity of cyclic pathways in a network, has been shown to promote the efficient use of resources in both biological and human networks. Cyclicity values for the original EIP networks, the community additions, and the potential NZC case studies reveals that there are many meaningful interactions that occur between actors that are only visible once the system boundaries are expanded to the NZC level. This offers a glimpse into the potential benefits of approaching the NZ problem, and sustainable living more generally, on a system scale — an analysis that will be further enabled by the generation of an NZC database initiated by this work.
Automatic Parametric Modeling From Non-Feature Based Designs for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xiao Xinyi , Roh Byeong-Min 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The integration of Topology optimization (TO) and Generative Design (GD) with additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming advent methods to lightweight parts while maintaining performance under the same loading conditions. However, these models from TO or GD are not in a form that they can be easily edited in a 3D CAD modeling system. These geometries are generally in a form with no surface/plane information, thus having non-editable features. Direct fabricate these non-feature-based designs and their inherent characteristics would lead to non-desired part qualities in terms of shape, GD&T, and mechanical properties. Current commercial software always requires a significant amount of manual work by experienced CAD users to generate a feature-based CAD model from non-feature-based designs for AM and performance simulation. This paper presents fully automated shaping algorithms for building parametric feature-based 3D models from non-feature-based designs for AM. Starting from automatically decomposing the given geometry into “formable” volumes, which is defined as a sweeping feature in the CAD modeling system, each decomposed volume will be described with 2D profiles and sweeping directions for modeling. The Boolean of modeled components will be the final parametric shape. The volumetric difference between the final parametric form and the original geometry is also provided to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of this automatic shaping methodology. Besides, the performance of the parametric models is being simulated to testify the functionality.
Recalibrating the Devonian time scale: A new method for integrating radioisotopic and astrochronologic ages in a Bayesian framework
Authors: Harrigan Claire O. , Schmitz Mark D. , Over D. Jeffrey , Trayler Robin B. , Davydov Vladimir I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The numerous biotic, climatic, and tectonic events of the Devonian cannot be correlated and investigated without a well-calibrated time scale. Here, we updated the calibration of the Devonian time scale using a Bayesian age-depth model that incorporates radioisotopic ages and astrochronology durations. We used existing radioisotopic ages collected and harmonized in the last two geologic time scale compilations, as well as new U-Pb zircon ages from Emsian {Hercules I K-bentonite, Wetteldorf, Germany: 394.290 ± 0.097(0.21)[0.47] Ma} and Eifelian K-bentonites {Tioga B and Tioga F K-bentonites, Fayette, New York, USA: 390.82 ± 0.18(0.26)[0.48] Ma and 390.14 ± 0.14(0.23)[0.47] Ma, respectively}. We anchored floating astrochronology stage durations on radioisotopic ages and chained astrochronologic constraints and uncertainty together to extrapolate conditioning age likelihoods up or down the geologic time scale, which is a new method for integrating astrochronology into age-depth modeling. The modeling results in similar ages and durations for Devonian stages regardless of starting biostratigraphic scaling assumptions. We produced a set of rescaled biostratigraphic zonations, and a new numerical calibration of Devonian stage boundary ages with robust uncertainty estimates, which allow us to evaluate future targets for Devonian time scale research. These methods are broadly applicable for time scale work and provide a template for an integrated stratigraphic approach to time scale modeling.
Materials Based on Chitosan and Polylactide: From Biodegradable Plastics to Tissue Engineering Constructions
Authors: Demina T. S. , Akopova T. A. , Zelenetsky A. N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The transition to green chemistry and biodegradable polymers is a logical stage in the development of modern chemical science and technology. In the framework of this review, the advantages, disadvantages, and potential of biodegradable polymers of synthetic and natural origin are compared using the example of polylactide and chitosan as traditional representatives of these classes of polymers, and the possibilities of their combination via obtaining composite materials or copolymers are assessed. The mechanochemical approach to the synthesis of graft copolymers of chitosan with oligolactides/polylactides is considered in more detail.
Association between neighbourhood deprivation and hypertension in a US-wide Cohort
Authors: Xu Jing , Lawrence Kaitlyn G , O'Brien Katie M , Jackson Chandra L , Sandler Dale P 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundSocioeconomic status (SES) at the individual level is associated with hypertension risk. Less is known about neighbourhood level SES or how neighbourhood and individual level SES may jointly affect hypertension risk.MethodsThe Area Deprivation Index (ADI) includes 17 census-based measures reflecting neighbourhood SES. The ADI was linked to enrolment addresses of 47 329 women in the Sister Study cohort and categorised as ≤10% (low deprivation), 11%–20%, 21%–35%, 36%–55% and >55% (high deprivation). Hypertension was defined as either high systolic (≥140 mm Hg) or diastolic (≥90 mm Hg) blood pressure or taking antihypertensive medication. We used log binomial regression to investigate the cross-sectional association between ADI and hypertension and evaluated interactions between ADI and race/ethnicity and between ADI and individual SES.ResultsThe highest ADI level of >55% was associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, compared with the lowest level of ADI≤10%, in a model adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment and annual household income (prevalence ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.32). We observed interaction between race/ethnicity and ADI (interaction contrast ratio (ICR)=1.9; 95% CI 0.94 to 2.8 comparing non-Hispanic Black women with ADI >55% to non-Hispanic White women with ADI≤10%) and between household income and ADI (ICR 0.38; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.65 comparing participants with household income ≤US$49 999 and ADI>55% to those with household income >US$100 000 and ADI≤10%).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that neighbourhood deprivation measured by ADI may be a risk factor for hypertension and that ADI may act synergistically with race/ethnicity and individual household income to contribute to hypertension.
Problematic Yet Needed: Shifting Problematisations of Migrant Reception in Malmö 1945–1970
Authors: Brunnström Pål , Nilsson Mohammadi Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article describes and analyses by whom, in what ways and with what consequences migrant reception was performed in Malmö during the period 1945–1970 and how this changed over time. Inspired by Carol Bacchi’s ‘what’s the problem represented to be’ (wpr) approach, the article analyses the shifting problematisations of migrant reception in Malmö, and argues that there were two decisive shifts in Malmö’s migrant reception policy. With the help of Robert Miles’ concept of racialisation, the article shows that different migrant groups were racialised in different ways, depending on how they were depicted by the Swedish society. We also identify a gendered racialisation as women and men were racialised differently.
Attempts to Build Postwar Europe from Below in Stuttgart: Failure or Forerunner?
Authors: Severin-Barboutie Bettina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On May 2, 1964, a so-called Emigrationsparlament held its constituent meeting in the house of the Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (dgb) in Stuttgart. The meeting was opened by a speech of the parliament’s president, Antonio Maspoli, in which he outlined the aims of the new institution and coined the phrase ‘The emigrant is a worker from and for Europe and Europe is his country’. In the months following the Emigrationsparlament gathered several times and Maspoli—a Swiss national known for his engagement in the trade unions in Switzerland—pleaded for the establishment of a ‘sort of a European parliament of the foreign worker’ in Stuttgart. Maspoli’s repeated claims initiated debates within the municipal government about the stimulation of self-help among foreigners and their growing involvement in issues concerning them. Furthermore, Maspoli obtained premises for the establishment of an international meeting point called ‘Europa-Club’. However, his wish of setting up a European parliament in Stuttgart remained unfulfilled. While the local government eventually established a council, the desired parliament of foreign workers did not come into existence. Hence, Stuttgart missed the opportunity to become the site of an elected European parliament and the activities of the ueg fell into oblivion.
Culturally Responsive Differentiated Instruction: Narrowing Gaps between Best Pedagogical Practices Benefiting All Learners
Authors: Santamaria Lorri J. 
Published: November 2021

Background/Context Because of its special education association, differentiated instruction (DI) is a topic of concern for many educators working with culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) learners, whereby bilingual, multicultural, and culturally responsive teaching (CRT) is considered more appropriate for responding to cultural and linguistic diversity. Furthermore, although the literature base on DI recognizes cultural and linguistic diversity, it offers little in terms of ways to address these differences. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The focus of this contribution is to assist the educational community in recognizing pedagogical differences, while finding common ground, in identifying complementary teaching practices for all students, including culturally diverse students and English language learners (ELLs). CRT and DI provide frameworks with which to discuss a reconciliation of both theory-to-practice approaches with the hope that a common framework will better serve educators and preservice teachers working with diverse students in complex multidimensional classrooms. Setting This research took place at two CLD elementary schools serving ELLs in North San Diego County, California. Schools were chosen because both are reaching high levels of academic achievement and are closing achievement gaps, dispelling the myth that high levels of poverty and/or CLD student populations lead to lower student achievement. Research Design The research design employed was a qualitative case study. Data Collection and Analysis Over 5 years, observations, recorded conversations among teachers, administrators, students, and parents, and supporting documents collected from both schools were initially coded by reading through responses and documents. Using a qualitative analysis procedure, codes were generated to identify data relevant to general features of DI and CRT. This was followed by more focused coding wherein previous codes were reviewed, erroneous information was eliminated, and smaller codes were then combined into larger ones. Finally, codes were organized into larger themes identified and grounded by DI and CRT literature. Conclusions/Recommendations The best teaching practices are those that consider all learners in a classroom setting and pay close attention to differences inherent to academic, cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic diversity. Through a closer examination of two different, seemingly distinct, theoretical models that have rarely been linked or reconciled, educators may be able to determine what is appropriate for particular groups of students in particular classrooms in particular locales. In implementing school reform efforts to improve student achievement, reconciliation of best teaching practices and the creation of hybrid pedagogies are critical in addressing a future of an increasingly diverse country and global community.