bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbocharger Radial Turbine Response to Pulse Amplitude
Authors: Mosca Roberto , Maw Lim Shyang , Mihaescu Mihai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Under on-engine operating conditions, a turbocharger turbine is subject to a pulsating flow and, consequently, experiences deviations from the performance measured in gas-stand flow conditions. Furthermore, due to the high exhaust gases temperatures, heat transfer further deteriorates the turbine performance. The complex interaction of the aerothermodynamic mechanisms occurring inside the hot-side, and consequently the turbine behavior, is largely affected by the shape of the pulse, which can be parameterized through three parameters: pulse amplitude, frequency, and temporal gradient. This paper investigates the hot-side system response to the pulse amplitude via detached eddy simulations (DES) of a turbocharger radial turbine system including the exhaust manifold. First, the computational model is validated against experimental data obtained in gas-stand flow conditions. Then, two different mass flow pulses, characterized by a pulse amplitude difference of ≈5%, are compared. An exergy-based post-processing approach shows the beneficial effects of increasing the pulse amplitude. An improvement of the turbine power by 1.3%, despite the increment of the heat transfer and total internal irreversibilities by 5.8% and 3.4%, respectively, is reported. As a result of the higher maximum speeds, internal losses caused by viscous friction are responsible for the growth of the total internal irreversibilities as pulse amplitude increases.
Carbon Dioxide Transport Pipeline Systems: Overview of Technical Characteristics, Safety, Integrity and Cost, and Potential Application of Digital Twin
Authors: Sleiti Ahmad K. , Al-Ammari Wahib A. , Vesely Ladislav , Kapat Jayanta S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Carbon dioxide transport from capture to utilization or storage locations plays key functions in carbon capture and storage systems. In this study, a comprehensive overview and technical guidelines are provided for CO2 pipeline transport systems. Design specifications, construction procedures, cost, safety regulations, environmental and risk aspects are presented and discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future research directions associated with CO2 transport are sorted out including the large capital and operational costs, integrity, flow assurance, and safety issues. A holistic assessment of the impurities’ impacts on corrosion rate and phase change of the transported stream is required to improve pipeline integrity. The influence of impurities and the changes in elevation on the pressure drop along the pipeline need to be further investigated to ensure continuous flow via accurate positioning of pumping stations. Although the long-experience in oil and gas pipeline industry forms powerful reference, it is necessary to develop particular standards and techno-economic frameworks to mitigate the barriers facing CO2 transport systems. Digital twins (DT) have potential to transform CO2 transport sector to achieve high reliability, availability, and maintainability at lower cost. Herein, an integrated five-component robust DT framework is proposed for CO2 pipeline transport systems and the future directions for DT development are insinuated. Data-driven algorithms capable of predicting system's dynamic behavior still need to be developed. The data-driven approach alone is not sufficient and low-order physics-based models should operate in tandem with the updated system parameters to allow interpretation and result's enhancing. Discrepancies between dynamic system models, anomaly detection, and deep learning (ADL) require in-depth localized off-line simulations.
Sedimentary response of a structural estuary to Holocene coseismic subsidence
Authors: Reynolds Laura C. , Simms Alexander R. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Yokoyama Yusuke , Miyairi Yosuke , Hangsterfer Alexandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStratigraphic evidence for coseismic subsidence has been documented in active-margin estuaries throughout the world. Most of these studies have been conducted in subduction zone or strike-slip settings; however, the stratigraphic response to coseismic subsidence in other tectonic settings would benefit from further study. Here we show evidence of late Holocene coseismic subsidence in a structural estuary in southern California. Below the modern marsh surface, an organic-rich mud containing marsh gastropods, foraminifera, and geochemical signatures indicative of terrestrial influence (mud facies) is sharply overlain by a blue-gray sand containing intertidal and subtidal bivalves and geochemical signatures of marine influence (gray sand facies). We use well-established criteria to interpret this contact as representing an abrupt 1.3 ± 1.1 m rise in relative sea level (RSL) generated by coseismic subsidence with some contribution from sediment compaction and/or erosion. The contact dates to 1.0 ± 0.3 ka and is the only event indicative of rapid RSL rise in the 7 k.y. sedimentary record studied. Consistent with observations made in previous coseismic subsidence studies, an acceleration in tidal-flat sedimentation followed this abrupt increase in accommodation; however, the recovery of the estuary to its pre-subsidence elevations was spatially variable and required 500–900 years, which is longer than the recovery time estimated for estuaries with larger tidal ranges and wetter climates.
Late Quaternary active faulting on the inherited Baoertu basement fault within the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt: Implications for regional tectonic deformation and slip partitioning, NW China
Authors: Wu Chuanyong , Ren Guangxue , Wang Siyu , Yang Xue , Chen Gan , Duan Lei , Zhang Zhuqi , Zheng Wenjun , Li Chuanyou , Ren Zhikun , Lei Qiyun , Zhang Dongli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe deformation pattern and slip partitioning related to oblique underthrusting of the Tarim Basin in the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt are not well understood because interior deformation images are lacking. The Baoertu fault is an E-W–striking, ~350-km-long reactivated basement structure within the eastern Tian Shan. In this study, we quantify its late Quaternary activity based on interpretations of detailed high-resolution remote sensing images and field investigations. Three field observation sites along an ~80-km-long fault segment indicate that the Baoertu fault is characterized by sinistral thrust faulting. Based on surveying of the displaced geomorphic surfaces with an unmanned drone and dating of the late Quaternary sediments using radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods, we estimate a late Quaternary left-lateral, strike-slip rate of 1.87 ± 0.29 mm/yr and a N–S shortening rate of 0.26 ± 0.04 mm/yr for this fault. The lithospheric Baoertu fault acts as a decoupling zone and accommodates the left-lateral shearing caused by the oblique underthrusting of the Tarim Basin. In the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt, the oblique convergence is partitioned into thrust faulting across the entire range and sinistral slip faulting on the high-dip basement structure within the orogen. This active faulting pattern in the eastern Tian Shan of sinistral shearing in the center and thrust faulting on both sides can be viewed as giant, crustal-scale positive flower structures.
Cryosols from Tundra and Taiga Zones of Yakutia: Properties, Clay Mineralogy, and Problems of Classification
Authors: Desyatkin R. V. , Lessovaia S. N. , Okoneshnikova M. V. , Ivanova A. Z. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract—
Data on major properties and clay mineralogy in the profiles of slightly differentiated Cryosols forming in cold ultracontinental climate of Yakutia are discussed. The particular objects are represented by the cryozems of tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of the Anabar and Alazeya plateaus and by the palevaya (pale) soil of middle taiga in Central Yakutia. The differentiation of clay minerals in the vertical soil profiles is poorly pronounced because of the strong homogenizing impact of cryoturbation processes. The profile of pale soil displays minor differences in clay mineralogy despite the strong difference in acid–base conditions of the upper and lower horizons. However, the obtained data suggest that mineral weathering in pale soils of Central Yakutia is more advanced than it was concluded in the 1970s on the basis of data on the absence of pronounced trends in the vertical distribution of clay minerals in their profiles. This is in good agreement with the presence of a sufficiently thick upper humus horizon in these soils, which is typical of the soils of more humid regions. It is suggested that pale soils of Central Yakutia should be classified as soddy pale soils.
Preoperative predictors for a successful return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR): a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carter Hayley , Lewis Gwyn , Smith Benjamin Edward 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionReturn to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the primary goal for most patients. However, the decision of when to RTS is difficult for patients and clinicians as it is based on limited available evidence. Over the past decade, a number of predictor variables have been associated with RTS after ACLR. We present a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols compliant protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative predictors for RTS/preinjury levels of physical activity following ACLR.Methods and analysisA literature search will be performed in six electronic databases (CINAHL, AMED, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO via EBSCOhost and Web of Science) from inception to December 2020. Prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional study designs will be included. To be included, studies will need to identify at least one preoperative predictor and identify the relationship between the predictor(s) and RTS/preinjury levels of physical activity following ACLR. Blinded assessment with consensus agreement will be applied for inclusion of studies, data extraction, risk of bias assessment using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. If data allows and studies are considered homogeneous, data will be pooled through a meta-analysis. If heterogenous, a narrative synthesis will be completed. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be completed, where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthical permission is not required for this study. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020222567.
How did nurses cope with the fast, comprehensive organisational changes at Danish hospital wards during the COVID-19 pandemic? An interview study based on nurses’ experiences
Authors: Thude Bettina Ravnborg , Primdahl Jette , Jensen Hanne Irene , Elkjær Mette , Hoffmann Eva , Boye Lilian Keene , Specht Kirsten 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has influenced hospital work and healthcare workers all over the world. We explored how Danish nurses coped with the fast, comprehensive organisational changes in their workplace and identified barriers to and facilitators for organisations ensuring the best possible conditions for nurses to meet these challenges. The study focuses on the organisational setting and how it did or did not support the nurses in their work.MethodsA qualitative explorative design was used in interviewing 23 nurses who had worked at a COVID-19 ward in one of three hospitals. Data were collected in the summer of 2020, and the analysis was inspired by Paul Ricoeur’s theory of narratives and interpretation.ResultsThe presence of managers in the wards helped the nurses in the form of psychological and practical support. Working within an organisation that provides a safe environment was essential for nurses. The experience of a safe environment allowed nurses to ask questions, which supported them in finding solutions to specific tasks in the new and critical working environment. Barriers to handling the new situation were an absence of managers and a lack of a sense of belongingness and trust.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for management to be present in the ward and for organisational support to be available to nurses so they can provide optimal treatment and care when working in new and unknown conditions during a pandemic. Practical assistance from managers to ease the job is beneficial. Furthermore, the presence of management is essential to provide psychological support and create a safe environment because this allows nurses to ask questions about how to better manage new and critical tasks.
PediaTrac V.3.0 protocol: a prospective, longitudinal study of the development and validation of a web-based tool to measure and track infant and toddler development from birth through 18 months
Authors: Lajiness-O'Neill Renee , Warschausky Seth , Huth-Bocks Alissa , Taylor H Gerry , Brooks Judith , Lukomski Angela , Raghunathan Trivellore Eachambadi , Berglund Patricia , Staples Angela D , Erdodi Laszlo , Schilling Stephen 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe need for an efficient, low-cost, comprehensive measure to track infant/toddler development and treatment outcomes is critical, given the importance of early detection and monitoring. This manuscript describes the protocol for the development and testing of a novel measure, PediaTrac, that collects longitudinal, prospective, multidomain data from parents/caregivers to characterise infant/toddler developmental trajectories in term and preterm infants. PediaTrac, a web-based measure, has the potential to become the standard method for monitoring development and detecting risk in infancy and toddlerhood.Methods and analysesUsing a multisite, prospective design, primarcaregivers will completePediaTracV.3.0, a survey tool that queries core domains of early development, including feeding/eating/elimination, sleep, sensorimotor, social/sensory information processing, social/communication/cognition and early relational health. Information also will be obtained about demographic, medical and environmental factors and embedded response bias indices are being developed as part of the measure. Using an approach that systematically measures infant/toddler developmental domains during a schedule that corresponds to well-child visits (newborn, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months), we will assess 360 caregiver/term infant dyads and 240 caregiver/preterm infant dyads (gestational age <37 weeks). Parameter estimates of our items and latent traits (eg, sensorimotor) will be estimated by theta using item response theory-graded response modelling. Participants also will complete legacy (ie, established) measures of development and caregiver health and functioning, used to provide evidence for construct (discriminant) validity. Predictive validity will be evaluated by examining relationships between the PediaTrac domains and the legacy measures in the total sample and in a subsample of 100 participants who will undergo a neurodevelopmental assessment at 24 months of age.Ethics and disseminationThis investigation has single Institutional Review Board (IRB) multisite approval from the University of Michigan (IRB HUM00151584). The results will be presented at prominent conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Maternal health and Indigenous traditional midwives in southern Mexico: contextualisation of a scoping review
Authors: Sarmiento Iván , Paredes-Solís Sergio , Dion Anna , Silver Hilah , Vargas Emily , Cruz Paloma , Pimentel Juan , Zuluaga Germán , Cockcroft Anne , Andersson Neil 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesCollate published evidence of factors that affect maternal health in Indigenous communities and contextualise the findings with stakeholder perspectives in the Mexican State of Guerrero.DesignScoping review and stakeholder fuzzy cognitive mapping.Inclusion and exclusionThe scoping review included empirical studies (quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods) that addressed maternal health issues among Indigenous communities in the Americas and reported on the role or influence of traditional midwives before June 2020. The contextualisation drew on two previous studies of traditional midwife and researcher perspectives in southern Mexico.ResultsThe initial search identified 4461 references. Of 87 selected studies, 63 came from Guatemala and Mexico. Three small randomised trials involved traditional midwives. One addressed the practice of traditional midwifery. With diverse approaches to cultural differences, the studies used contrasting definitions of traditional midwives. A fuzzy cognitive map graphically summarised the influences identified in the scoping review. When we compared the literature’s map with those from 29 traditional midwives in Guerrero and eight international researchers, the three sources coincided in the importance of self-care practices, rituals and traditional midwifery. The primary concern reflected in the scoping review was access to Western healthcare, followed by maternal health outcomes. For traditional midwives, the availability of hospital or health centre in the community was less relevant and had negative effects on other protective influences, while researchers conditioned its importance to its levels of cultural safety. Traditional midwives highlighted the role of violence against women, male involvement and traditional diseases.ConclusionsThe literature and stakeholder maps showed maternal health resulting from complex interacting factors in which promotion of cultural practices was compatible with a protective effect on Indigenous maternal health. Future research challenges include traditional concepts of diseases and the impact on maternal health of gender norms, self-care practices and authentic traditional midwifery.
Predicting death from COVID-19 using pre-existing conditions: implications for vaccination triage
Authors: Xiao Shujie , Sahasrabudhe Neha , Hochstadt Samantha , Cabral Whitney , Simons Samantha , Yang Mao , Lanfear David E , Williams L Keoki 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionGlobal shortages in the supply of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have resulted in campaigns to first inoculate individuals at highest risk for death from COVID-19. Here, we develop a predictive model of COVID-19-related death using longitudinal clinical data from patients in metropolitan Detroit.MethodsAll individuals included in the analysis had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirty-six pre-existing conditions with a false discovery rate p<0.05 were combined with other demographic variables to develop a parsimonious prediction model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The model was then prospectively validated in a separate set of individuals with confirmed COVID-19.ResultsThe study population consisted of 15 502 individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. The main prediction model was developed using data from 11 635 individuals with 709 reported deaths (case fatality ratio 6.1%). The final prediction model consisted of 14 variables with 11 comorbidities. This model was then prospectively assessed among the remaining 3867 individuals (185 deaths; case fatality ratio 4.8%). When compared with using an age threshold of 65 years, the 14-variable model detected 6% more of the individuals who would die from COVID-19. However, below age 45 years and its risk equivalent, there was no benefit to using the prediction model over age alone.DiscussionUsing a prediction model, such as the one described here, may help identify individuals who would most benefit from COVID-19 inoculation, and thereby may produce more dramatic initial drops in deaths through targeted vaccination.
Updated physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment
Authors: Alekou A. , Baussan E. , Blaskovic Kraljevic N. , Blennow M. , Bogomilov M. , Bouquerel E. , Burgman A. , Carlile C. J. , Cederkall J. , Christiansen P. , Collins M. , Cristaldo Morales E. , D’Alessi L. , Danared H. , de André J. P. A. M. , Delahaye J. P. , Dracos M. , Efthymiopoulos I. , Ekelöf T. , Eshraqi M. , Fanourakis G. , Fernandez-Martinez E. , Folsom B. , Ghosh M. , Gokbulut G. , Halić L. , Kayis Topaksu A. , Kliček B. , Krhač K. , Lindroos M. , Mezzetto M. , Oglakci M. , Ohlsson T. , Olvegård M. , Ota T. , Park J. , Petkov G. , Poussot P. , Rosauro-Alcaraz S. , Stavropoulos G. , Stipčević M. , Terranova F. , Thomas J. , Tolba T. , Tsenov R. , Vankova-Kirilova G. , Vassilopoulos N. , Wildner E. , Wurtz J. , Zormpa O. , Zou Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present the physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment in the standard three flavor scenario using the updated neutrino flux calculated specifically for the ESSnuSB configuration and updated migration matrices for the far detector. Taking conservative systematic uncertainties corresponding to a normalization error of $$5\%$$

5
%

for signal and $$10\%$$

10
%

for background, we find that there is $$10\sigma $$

10
σ

$$(13\sigma )$$

(
13
σ
)

CP violation discovery sensitivity for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km) at $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = \pm 90^\circ $$

δ
CP

=
±

90
∘

. The corresponding fraction of $$\delta _\mathrm{CP}$$

δ
CP

for which CP violation can be discovered at more than $$5 \sigma $$

5
σ

is $$70\%$$

70
%

. Regarding CP precision measurements, the $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

error associated with $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = 0^\circ $$

δ
CP

=

0
∘

is around $$5^\circ $$

5
∘

and with $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = -90^\circ $$

δ
CP

=
-

90
∘

is around $$14^\circ $$

14
∘

$$(7^\circ )$$

(

7
∘

)

for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km). For hierarchy sensitivity, one can have $$3\sigma $$

3
σ

sensitivity for 540 km baseline except $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = \pm 90^\circ $$

δ
CP

=
±

90
∘

and $$5\sigma $$

5
σ

sensitivity for 360 km baseline for all values of $$\delta _\mathrm{CP}$$

δ
CP

. The octant of $$\theta _{23}$$

θ
23

can be determined at $$3 \sigma $$

3
σ

for the values of: $$\theta _{23} > 51^\circ $$

θ
23

>

51
∘

($$\theta _{23} < 42^\circ $$

θ
23

<

42
∘

and $$\theta _{23} > 49^\circ $$

θ
23

>

49
∘

) for baseline of 540 km (360 km). Regarding measurement precision of the atmospheric mixing parameters, the allowed values at $$3 \sigma $$

3
σ

are: $$40^\circ< \theta _{23} < 52^\circ $$

40
∘

<

θ
23

<

52
∘

($$42^\circ< \theta _{23} < 51.5^\circ $$

42
∘

<

θ
23

<
51
.

5
∘

) and $$2.485 \times 10^{-3}$$

2.485
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2< \varDelta m^2_{31} < 2.545 \times 10^{-3}$$

2

<
Δ

m
31
2

<
2.545
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2$$

2

($$2.49 \times 10^{-3}$$

2.49
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2< \varDelta m^2_{31} < 2.54 \times 10^{-3}$$

2

<
Δ

m
31
2

<
2.54
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2$$

2

) for the baseline of 540 km (360 km).
Neutral bremsstrahlung and excimer electroluminescence in noble gases and its relevance to two-phase dark matter detectors
Authors: Borisova E. , Buzulutskov A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProportional electroluminescence (EL) is the physical effect used in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches, to optically record (in the gas phase) the ionization signal produced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. In our previous work the presence of a new EL mechanism, namely that of neutral bremsstrahlung (NBrS), was demonstrated in two-phase argon detectors both theoretically and experimentally, in addition to the ordinary EL mechanism due to excimer emission. In this work the similar theoretical approach is applied to all noble gases, i.e. overall to helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, to calculate the EL yields and spectra both for NBrS and excimer EL. The relevance of the results obtained to the development of two-phase dark matter detectors is discussed.