bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Monopole Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for MIMO 5G sub-6 GHz Mobile Terminal
Authors: Padmanathan Surentiran , Al-Hadi Azremi Abdullah , Soh Ping Jack , Al-Bawri Samir Salem 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a Dual Monopole Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna (DMFRA) for two port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Fifth Generation (5G) sub-6 GHz mobile terminal is presented. A combination of dual monopole strips is implemented at a port, respectively to achieve tunable and fixed resonant frequencies. Varactor diode is utilized in this design to perform the frequency reconfiguration. Dual tunable resonant frequencies at the lower band (1690 MHz to 2200 MHz) and higher band (4400 MHz to 5400 MHz) are created by the monopole branch which accommodates the varactor diode. On the other hand, a fixed frequency band at 2400 MHz with -10 dB bandwidth of 450 MHz is achieved by another monopole branch without variable diode. Maximum realized gain achieved at both lower and higher reconfigurable frequency bands and fixed frequency band are 2.73 dB, 3.8 dB and 2.57 dB, respectively. Besides that, high isolation between 2 DMFRAs decreases the mutual coupling to result in less than 0.1 of the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC). In addition to its frequency reconfiguration capability and low ECC, the proposed MIMO antenna is considered suitable for potential 5G mobile terminal applications.
Adopting Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Pairwise T-Way Test Suite Generation Strategy
Authors: Ramli Nuraminah , Othman Rozmie Razif , Hendradi Rimuljo , Fauzi Shukor Sanim Mohd , Ismail Iszaidy , Ahmad Mohd Zamri Zahir , Nasrudin Mohd Wafi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Combinatorial testing or t-way testing (t represents strength) is useful to detect faults due to interactions. Pairwise testing is one type of t-way testing. The technique is effective in reducing the number of test cases without decreasing the level of coverage. Besides, its purpose is to overcome the problem of exhaustive testing that produces a great number of test cases and is impossible to be implemented due to time and cost constraints. Pairwise T-way Test Suite Generation Strategy based on Ant Colony Optimization (pTTSGA) is introduced to generate a near-optimum test suite size. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the ability of this strategy for pairwise testing. The results are compared to benchmark results. Overall, pTTSGA produces a comparable test suite size.
Zigzag low-complexity approximate DCT using frequency upscaling technique
Authors: Huang Junqi , Kumar T Nandha , Abbas Haider 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Approximate computing is widely used in image processing field for reducing the energy dissipation, increasing the throughput, and decreasing the amount of computation by sacrificing some accuracy in the output results. Thus, this paper presents a runtime-based approximate computing approach by using frequency upscaling (FUS) technique into zigzag low-complexity approximate DCT (ZLCADCT). The presented technique allows to change the degree of approximation without changing the circuit of ZLCADCT while providing increased throughput by applying the input vectors of circuits at a rate beyond the maximum operating frequency. The results show that when FUS are implemented into ZLCADCT, approximate full adder can sustain significant higher input frequency (around 19.2GHZ using 32nm adders) when compared with an exact full adder (at around 15.4GHZ) without having significant decreases in PSNR value. The number of completed DCT operations for ZLCADCT (2.95 to 3.53 for approximate full adder at 16.6GHZ) is higher than 2.3 to 2.77 for ADCT by using FUS technique.
IoT-Based Automated and Contactless Shopping Cart During Pandemic Diseases Outbreak
Authors: Faang Ho Yun , Yaakob Naimah , Elshaikh Mohamed Elobaid , Sidek Azami Khairul , Lynn Ong Bi , Almashor Mahathir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an alarming disease outbreak that has affected more than 180 countries worldwide. It has caused close to 2.5 million deaths and has infected 114 million of the global population as of February 2021. This unprecedented pandemic, has caused severe socio-economic problems globally, catching many sectors off-guard and in a state of suspended uncertainty. While vaccines are just starting to circulate, there is still a need to practice new social norms, including social distancing during daily activities such as supermarket shopping. As such, contactless technology is critically needed and preferable to minimize physical contact and mitigate virus spread. In this paper, an automated shopping cart is proposed as a potential solution to avoid item scanning at cashiers and long queues at payment counters. This innovation leads to reduced risk of exposure to COVID-19. This is done by integrating a typical shopping trolley with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is attached to every product and automatically read whenever they are placed in a shopping cart. Payment and weighing processes can be conducted at the trolley itself which reduces direct and prolonged contact with both cashiers and other patrons, and at both checkout queues and weighing counters. This proves to be a critical way to break transmission chains.
Class Attendance System Using Viola-Jones Algorithm and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Yaakub Nur Dini Ayuni , Nasrudin Mohd Wafi , Veeraperumal Vijayasarveswari , Ismail Iszaidy , Yob Rashidah Che , Zhe Leow Wai , Mustafa Wan Azani 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Face recognition is one of the numerous biometrics approaches that can be implemented by smart and automated attendance management systems. The individual identity can be determined by the unique representation of the face structure of each individual face and it cannot be lost, stolen, or reproduced in the same way as other types of identification. Thus, this work is motivated to propose a class attendance system based on face recognition. With current approaches such as passwords, access cards, and identification numbers, face recognition can be used to prevent theft and fraud which can significantly reduce the chances of system hacking. In this proposed work, initially, video framing has been implemented by activating the Universal Serial Bus (USB) camera through a user-friendly interface which was created with Graphical user interfaces (GUI) in the MATLAB software. The image of each student’s face that was snapped by using the USB camera will be stored in a dataset. The dataset then will be divided into the training set and testing set. In the detection process, the Viola-Jones algorithm is utilized to detect and segment the image of student’s face from the video frame. Next, the scaling of the size of the images is carried out to prevent the loss of information in the pre-processing phase. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is utilized in the face recognition process in order to extract the features from facial images.
A Comparative Study of Ring Oscillator PUFs Implementation on Different FPGA Families
Authors: Mustapa Muslim , Niamat Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is an irreversible function that utilizes the process variation which occurs during silicon chip fabrication. The process variation is uncontrollable; thus, it cannot be modeled and is unique for each chip. Ring Oscillator PUF (ROPUF) has been used in the past to enhance the physical security of FPGAs by generating unique IDs which exploit the process variation introduced during the manufacturing process of the FPGA. In this paper, we describe the implementation and analysis of ROPUF on two different Xilinx FPGA families using 28 nm (Artix-7) and 90 nm (Spartan 3E) technologies. In each case, the ROPUF design is evaluated in terms of five parameters, namely, uniqueness, reliability, uniformity, bit aliasing, and diverseness. The reliability is measured based on responses generated from ROPUF at various temperature and voltage settings. The accelerated aging experiment results are also presented in the reliability evaluation. Our results show that the Artix-7 family yields the best results for uniqueness (45.15%) and diverseness (3.88). Based on the experimental results obtained, we suggest the scheme to increase the ROPUF’s reliability on both Spartan 3E and Artix-7 FPGAs by selecting ROs comparison pairs that have high frequency difference. We showed that the ROPUFs security is not been compromised by applying the scheme.
Mobile Green E-Waste Management Systems using IoT for Smart Campus
Authors: Rani K. N. A. , Rahim H.A. , Ong B. T. , Jusoh M. , Yasin M. N. M. , Sabapathy T. , Mustafa W. A. , Jamlos M.A. , Ahmad R. B. , Hammood D. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design and development of mobile “green” electronic waste (e-waste) management systems using Internet of Things (IoT) for smart campus. The system uses Raspberry Pi 3 Model B v1.2 microcontroller for monitoring e-waste object detection, e-waste count, and bin percentage level, respectively. TensorFlow Lite application programming interface (API) is used to run Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD)Lite-MobileNet-v2 model trained on Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MSCOCO) dataset for e-waste object detection in image. All the monitoring data are stored and retrieved in ThingSpeak cloud platform using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol over the Internet and displayed via interactive Android-based mobile user interface (UI). Furthermore, automatic e-mail notification will be sent to waste collector for bin collection whenever e-waste bin percentage level is greater than predetermined threshold value of 80% full.
Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in 3D Modelling of UniCITI Campus to Estimate Building Size
Authors: Saifizi M. , Syahirah N. , Mustafa Wan Azani , Rahim Hasliza A , Nasrudin Mohd Wafi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The drone mapping has a huge potential for numerous sectors including construction, agriculture, mining, infrastructure inspection and real estate. Drones are used as assisting tools in civil applications for large-scale aerial mapping of buildings, which is a difficult task for surveyors to do because of the unreachable access area, time consuming, and expensive due to limited resources and equipment. To address this issue, this paper introduces UAV-based mapping. Furthermore, when flying from a different flight plan, the UAV will capture and collect visual images. Then, the image from drone was process in Agisoft Metashape software to generate a 3D model of building. This process will go through several steps to analyze which method for capturing images can produce high-quality 3D mapping. The research results of this project are to determine which photogrammetry technique can generate a high quality of 3D mapping with accurate and fast.
RGB Image Encryption using Hill Algorithm and Chaos System
Authors: Ibada Ali Jawad , Ehkan Phaklen , Ngadiran Ruzelita , Hammood Dalal Abdulmohsin , Alkhayyat Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The development of modern technology in recent years, makes the data security very big issue. To secure our data from unauthorized person, encryption is used before transmission. Various sensitive information is using encryption such as: e-mail messages, banking transactions, credit information and military operations. The encrypted data can be in form of text, image, voice, and video. In this paper, a proposed Hill algorithm with chaos system is used to encrypt colour RGB (Red, Green and Blue) image. The key of Hill algorithm is a square matrix. The selection of matrix key numbers is very important. Therefore, chaos system is used to generate sequences of numbers for Hill key matrix. These sequences have a property of randomness that make it very difficult for guessing. Finally, the proposed system is simulated using MATLAB, and a test image is encrypted and decrypted using proposed system successfully.
Design of Internet of Things Based Air Pollution Monitoring System Using ThingSpeak and Blynk Application
Authors: Murad S. A. Z. , Bakar F.A. , Azizan A. , Shukri M.A.M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design of an IoT based air pollution monitoring system to measure carbon dioxide gas, butane gas, humidity and temperature. The hardware consists of MQ-2 gas sensor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, DHT22 temperature and humidity sensors. Meanwhile, the software used in this prototype is the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) written in function C and C++. The monitoring system indicate air quality is below than 100 AQI for safety air quality and more than 200 AQI for hazardous air quality. The green LED illuminated indicates there is no hazardous gas detected. Meantime, when the butane gas or carbon dioxide gas is identified, the red LED is illuminated. All the data are sent through ThingSpeak and Blynk applications. In ThingSpeak and Blynk applications, the data are displayed and updated after detected by the sensors in every 15 seconds and 1 second. In the Blynk application, when the hazardous gas is detected, the Blynk application sends a notification to alert the users immediately.
Implementation of the Friis Free Space Propagation Model in the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Routing Protocol in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) with Variations of Road Models
Authors: Nurwarsito H , Aziz A R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of VANET technology is to create better traffic management. Different road conditions and high mobility of vehicles cause problems in VANET such as efficient search processes, network routes that need to be maintained, and data transmission problems. DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) predefines and generates routes on demand and is designed to work on multihop ad-hoc networks without centralized control. The Friis Free Space propagation model is used to model the Line of Sight (LOS) that occurs in a free space environment. The variation of road models in Indonesia is grouped into four groups, namely express roads, intercity roads, urban roads, and residential roads. In each of these road models, simulation testing is carried out based on different vehicle number scenarios. Network Simulator v3.27 (NS-3.27) and SUMO as a mobility generator were used for the simulation. The parameters of average throughput, packet delivery ratio and MAC/PHY overhead sequentially measure the DSR performance. The results on the express roads with Friis Free Space propagation produce values of 6.52 KBps, 7.71%, 39.59 KBytes. Test results on intercity roads 5.72 KBps, 11.17%, 5.48 KBytes. Test results on urban roads 16.50 KBps, 32.22%, 0.0016 KBytes. While the test results on residential roads were 12.66 KBps, 24.72%, 0.779 KBytes. The test results show that the road model in Indonesia with the performance of the DSR routing protocol with Friis Free Space propagation on the VANET network from the best to the worst, respectively, is the urban road model, residential road model, intercity road model, and express road model.
AR Heart: A Development of Healthcare Informative Application using Augmented Reality
Authors: Romli Rusnida , Wazir Fatin Nur Hazwani Binti Mohd , Singh Amar Raaj Singh A/L Gurdial 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The utilization of Augmented Reality (AR) in industrial transformation is very well aligned with the fourth industrial revolution’s values. AR innovation can improve the perceptual knowledge of humans and enable us to communicate with a large amount of data. Therefore, this project takes the opportunity to create an AR healthcare app related to the human heart. The scopes are focusing on the human heart and provide information about the heart to the public besides improving their knowledge. Society nowadays is less concerned about heart health. There is a lot of information about the heart in newspapers, televisions and social media but most of the public still ignore it. Therefore, the information needs to deliver attractively. AR technology will be one of the interesting ways to spread information. The main goal is to provide information about the human heart in an AR environment. The other goals are to provide exposure for the users on how the insides of the human heart work and to make the users familiarize themselves with AR technologies. By using Unity and Vuforia Software Development Kit (SDK), this application lets users easily scan the provided marker anywhere and anytime using their smartphone to see the virtual heart.
Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal Characterization for Optical Modulator
Authors: Razilam N. A. , Juhari Nurjuliana , Poopalan P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThermal annealing was performed on fused silica substrate for metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) at 900°C for 2 hours by sol-gel coated of BaTiO3as ferroelectric material and e-beam evaporation of ITO as electrode. Standard optical and physical characterization were performed such as XRD, UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, AFM and Hall measurement for electrical properties. XRD patterns of thin films shows that the samples is crystalline in a cubic structure. Optical analysis showed high transparency at 400-800nm which is >80% transmission while the low resistivity for ITO ∼ 10-3.
Characterization of Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-open set In Fuzzy Soft Tri-topological Spaces
Authors: Hassan Asmhan F. , Farhan Azhaar A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the properties of Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-open set (or Fuzzy Soft τ1τ2τ3-α-open set) in a Fuzzy Soft Tri-topological spaces, A detailed study is carried out on properties of Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-interior, Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-closure of Fuzzy Soft sets and Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-neighborhood of a Fuzzy Soft point which are fundamental for further research on the theory of Fuzzy Soft Tri-topological spaces (w.r.t. Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-open set).General Terms2010 AMS Classification: 54A05, 54A10, 54E55, 54E99.
Enhanced Optical Characteristics and Low Energy Gap of SrTiO3 Doped Polymeric Blend for Optoelectronics Devices
Authors: Hadi Abeer Ghalib , Al-Ramadhan Zainab , Hashim Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Films of PVA/PAA/SrTiO3 nanostructures were prepared for flexible optoelectronic devices. Studying the optical characteristics of PVA/PAA/SrTiO3 films were tested. The results showed the improving of the optical characteristics of (PVA/PAA) mixtures by the increase in SrTiO3 NPs content. Also, results showed the energy gap of PVA/PAA mixtures decreased from to with adding of SrTiO3 NPs. Finally, the results indicated to the PVA/PAA/SrTiO3 nanostructures may be used in various optoelectronic devices.
Improving the Optical Properties of PVA/PEG Blend Doped with BaTiO3 NPs
Authors: Mohammed Batool , Ahmed Hind , Hashim Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, synthesis in PVA/PEG/BaTiO3 new nanocomposites was investigated to use in various optoelectronics fields. The PVA/PEG/BaTiO3 nanostructures prepared from PVA/PEG blend with various ratios of BaTiO3 NPs. The optical characteristics of synthesized PVA/PEG/BaTiO3 nanostructures have studied. Results indicated that the optical characteristics of PVA/PEG improved as BaTiO3 NPs ratio increase, this behavior makes it may be used in different electronics and photonics fields.
Synthesis of ZnO: Sb thin films Dropped on glass and Porous Silicon for CO Gas Sensing
Authors: Jabbar Rashid Hashim , Jabbar Shurooq Jasim , Shakir Warqa Adnan , Abdulsattar Mudar Ahmed , Hilal Israa Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Membranes Structural properties have been studied using XRD and compare the different values of the average crystallite size by using correction equations. undoped ZnO and ZnO: Sb for (0.5- 2) % membranes has been dropped on glass and p-type porous silicon (PS) substrate at 400 °C to use it as a sensor for CO gas. The crystal growth of the films that were deposited on the PS was not uniform due to the nature of the PS surface and due to the breakage of the crystal structure of the membrane material. the sensitivity of membranes dropped on (PS) for CO gas was higher than on glass substrate.
Controllable synthesization of Au nanoparticles by laser enhanced wet KOH etching process
Authors: Alwan Alwan M , Youssef Ali A. , Chasb Aseel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Si substrate, anisotropic KOH etchants are mainly utilized to form pyramids like on the Si surface . However, this process is not well controlled way owing to the different and random etching pathway. In this work, we applied laser radiation during the anisotropic KOH wet etching process to modifies the topographical properties of Si substrate, as an efficient,simple and low cost texturing process for Si substrate. This approach employs different laser wavelength to modify the topographical features from a crater like structures to Si nanocrystallites in the form of pillars like structures on the Si surface. In order to investigate the formation of plasmonics species, gold nanoparticles was incorporated into Si surfaces by simple ion reduction process. The Si topographical features was studied with atomic scanning microscopy (AFM) images of Si before and after laser irradiation process. The irradiation with 405 laser wavelength, show the formation of thin and high density of Si nano pillars-like structures compared with more thick depther Si nano pillars like structures layer.
DFT/TD-DFT Study of Donorπ-Acceptor Organic Dye models contained Triarylamine for an Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Kzar Al-Masoodi Khulood Obaid , Rafiq I. , Assyry A. El , Derouiche A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A systematic theoretical study was performed for dipolar triarylamine-based Dπ-A dyes. These dyes are composed of good required features to be active for enhancing the efficiency of solar cell such as arylamine donor moieties, and an acceptor part with cyanoacetic acid, while the conjugation process is adopted by the fluorene or biphenyl linkers. The required properties both electronic and opticals were computed with DFT/TDDFT levels and 6-31G (d, p) basis set, then show the response of the efficiency. The obtained results have predicted the excitation energies, HOMO-LUMO energy levels which indicate an improvement in the two principle processes; electron injection and the regeneration of dyes. Also, the important factors in close connection with the short-circuit current density (Jsc), such as light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), total reorganization energy (λtotal) and injection driving force (ΔGinject) have been explained. As a result, the calculated data verify that the D dye can represent a potential sensitizer for solar cells, this can be rationalized by its reasonable photovoltaic parameters with other electronic and optical properties.
Study for Food Recognition System Using Deep Learning
Authors: Salim Nareen O. M. , Zeebaree Subhi R.M. , Sadeeq Mohammed A. M. , Radie A. H. , Shukur Hanan M. , Rashid Zryan Najat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Accurate dietary appraisal has been found by literature to be very significant in the evaluation of weight loss treatments. Most current methods of dietary evaluation, however, depend on recollection. The development of a modern computer-based food recognition system for reliable food evaluation is now possible across comprehensive mobile devices as well as rich Cloud services. Fixing the problem of food detection and identification in photos of different kinds of foods. Given the variety of food products with low inter-and high intra-class variations and the limited information in a single picture, the problem is complicated. By propose the overall application of multiple fusion-trained classifiers to achieve increased identification and recognition capabilities on characteristics obtained from various deep models. This paper studied various techniques of food recognition using different approaches and based on several variables, compared their effectiveness. Our study results demonstrate that deep learning overcomes other strategies like manual feature extractors, standard ML algorithms, as well as DL as a practical tool for food hygiene and safety inspections.