bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G-IRAE: a Generalised approach for linking the total Impact of invasion to species’ Range, Abundance and per-unit Effects
Authors: Latombe Guillaume , Catford Jane A. , Essl Franz , Lenzner Bernd , Richardson David M. , Wilson John R. U. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe total impact of an alien species was conceptualised as the product of its range size, local abundance and per-unit effect in a seminal paper by Parker and colleagues in 1999, but a practical approach for estimating the three components has been lacking. Here, we generalise the impact formula and, through use of regression models, estimate the relationship between the three components of impact, an approach we term G-IRAE (Generalised Impact – Range size – Abundance – per-unit Effect). Moreover, we show that G-IRAE can also be applied to damage and management costs. We propose two methods for applying G-IRAE. The species-specific method computes the relationship for a given species across multiple invaded sites or regions, assuming a constant per-unit effect across the invaded area. The multi-species method combines data from multiple species across multiple sites or regions to calculate a per-unit effect for each species. While the species-specific method is more accurate, it requires a large amount of data for each species. The multi-species method is more easily applicable and data-parsimonious. We illustrate the multi-species method using data about money spent managing plant invasions in different biomes of South Africa. We found clear differences between species in terms of money spent per unit area invaded, with per-unit expenditures varying substantially between biomes for some species. G-IRAE offers a versatile and practical method which can be applied to many different types of data, to better understand and manage invasions.
Microbiota mediated plasticity promotes thermal adaptation inNematostella vectensis
Authors: Baldassarre Laura , Ying Hua , Reitzel Adam , Fraune Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAt the current rate of climate change, it is unlikely that multicellular organisms will be able to adapt to changing environmental conditions through genetic recombination and natural selection alo. Thus, it is critical to understand alternative mechanisms that allow organisms to cope with rapid environmental changes. Here, we used the sea anemoneNematostella vectensisas model to investigate the microbiota as putative source of rapid adaptation. Living in estuarine ecosystems, highly variable aquatic environments,N. vectensishas evolved the capability of surviving in a wide range of temperatures and salinities. In a long-term experiment, we acclimated polyps ofNematostellato low (15°C), medium (20°C) and high (25°C) temperatures, in order to test the impact of microbiota-mediated plasticity on animal acclimation. Using the same animal clonal line, propagated from a single polyp, allowed us to eliminate effects of the host genotype. Interestingly, the higher thermal tolerance of animals acclimated to high temperature, could be transferred to non-acclimated animals through microbiota transplantation. In addition, offspring survival was highest from mothers acclimated to high temperature, indicating the transmission of thermal resistance to the next generation. Microbial community analyses of the F1 generation revealed the transmission of the acclimated microbiota to the next generation. These results indicate that microbiota plasticity can contribute to animal thermal acclimation and its transmission to the next generation may represent a rapid mechanism for thermal adaptation.
Metagenomic data for Halichondria panicea from Illumina and Nanopore sequencing and preliminary genome assemblies for the sponge and two microbial symbionts
Authors: Strehlow Brian W , Schuster Astrid , Francis Warren R , Canfield Donald E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThese data were collected to generate a novel reference metagenome for the sponge Halichondria panicea and its microbiome for subsequent differential expression analyses.Data descriptionThese data include raw sequences from four separate sequencing runs of the metagenome of a single individual of Halichondria panicea - one Illumina MiSeq (2×300 bp, paired-end) run and three Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read sequencing runs, generating 53.8 and 7.42 Gbp respectively. Comparing assemblies of Illumina, ONT and an Illumina-ONT hybrid revealed the hybrid to be the ‘best’ assembly, comprising 163 Mbp in 63,555 scaffolds (N50: 3,084). This assembly, however, was still highly fragmented and only contained 52% of core metazoan genes (with 77.9% partial genes), so it was also not complete.However, this sponge is an emerging model species for field and laboratory work, and there is considerable interest in genomic sequencing of this species. Although the resultant assemblies from the data presented here are suboptimal, this data note can inform future studies by providing an estimated genome size and coverage requirements for future sequencing, sharing additional data to potentially improve other suboptimal assemblies of this species, and outlining potential limitations and pitfalls of the combined Illumina and ONT approach to novel genome sequencing.
EFHD1 ablation reduces cardiac mitoflash activation and protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia
Authors: Eberhardt David R. , Lee Sandra H. , Yin Xue , Balynas Anthony M. , Rekate Emma C. , Kraiss Jackie N. , Lang Marisa J. , Walsh Maureen A. , Streiff Molly E. , Corbin Andrea C. , Funai Katsuhiko , Sachse Frank B. , Chaudhuri Dipayan 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAltered levels of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a highly prevalent feature in different forms of cardiac injury, producing changes in contractility, arrhythmias, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload leads to pathological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activates the permeability transition, and cardiomyocyte death. Here we investigated the cardiac phenotype caused by deletion of EF-hand domain-containing protein D1 (Efhd1-/-), a Ca2+-binding mitochondrial protein whose function is poorly understood. Efhd1-/- mice are viable and have no adverse cardiac phenotypes. They feature reductions in basal ROS levels and mitoflash events, both important precursors for mitochondrial injury, though cardiac mitochondria have normal susceptibility to Ca2+ overload. Notably, we also find that Efhd1-/- mice and their cardiomyocytes are resistant to hypoxic injury.
Fast bacterial growth reduces antibiotic accumulation and efficacy
Authors: Łapińska Urszula , Voliotis Margaritis , Lee Ka Kiu , Campey Adrian , Stone M. Rhia L. , Phetsang Wanida , Zhang Bing , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Blaskovich Mark A. T. , Pagliara Stefano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhenotypic variations between individual microbial cells play a key role in the resistance of microbial pathogens to pharmacotherapies. Nevertheless, little is known about cell individuality in antibiotic accumulation. Here we hypothesize that phenotypic diversification can be driven by fundamental cell-to-cell differences in drug transport rates. To test this hypothesis, we employed microfluidics-based single-cell microscopy, libraries of fluorescent antibiotic probes and mathematical modelling. This approach allowed us to rapidly identify phenotypic variants that avoid antibiotic accumulation within populations ofEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepaciaandStaphylococcus aureus. Crucially, we found that fast growing phenotypic variants avoid macrolide accumulation and survive treatment without genetic mutations. These findings are in contrast with the current consensus that cellular dormancy and slow metabolism underlie bacterial survival to antibiotics. Our results also show that fast growing variants display significantly higher expression of ribosomal promoters before drug treatment compared to slow growing variants. Drug-free active ribosomes facilitate essential cellular processes in these fast growing variants, including efflux that can reduce macrolide accumulation. Using this new knowledge, we phenotypically engineered bacterial populations by eradicating variants that displayed low antibiotic accumulation through the chemical manipulation of their outer membrane inspiring new avenues to overcome current antibiotic treatment failures.
Interplay between positive and negative regulation by B3-type transcription factors is critical for the accurate expression of theABA INSENSITIVE 4gene
Authors: Hernández-Bernal Alma Fabiola , Cordoba Elizabeth , Mendoza Mónica Santos , Agreda-Laguna Kenny Alejandra , Rivera Alejandra Dagmara , Uriostegui-Arcos Maritere , Zurita Mario , León Patricia 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe ABA-INSENSITIVE 4 transcription factor is key for the regulation of diverse aspects of plant development and environmental responses, including proper perception of hormonal and nutritional signals. ABI4 activity is highly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels leading to precise expression mainly in the developing seed and early seedling development. Based on genetic and molecular approaches in the current study we provide new insights into the central mechanism underpinning the transcriptional regulation ofABI4during both seed and vegetative development. We identified a complex interplay between the LEC2 and ABI3 transcriptional activators and the HSI/VAL repressors that is critical for properABI4expression. Interestingly, the regulation by these proteins relies on the two RYcis-acting motifs present two kb upstream of theABI4gene. Our analysis also shows that the chromatin landscape of theABI4loci is highly dependent on the LEC2 and HSI2/VAL proteins. LEC2 regulation extends to the vegetative development and the absence of this factor results in ABA- and sugar-insensitive signaling in the developing plant. This regulatory circuit functions as a major control module for the correct spatial-temporal expression ofABI4and prevents its ectopic accumulation that is harmful to the plant.
Epicardial transplantation of autologous atrial appendage micrografts–evaluation of safety and feasibility in pigs after coronary artery occlusion
Authors: Nummi Annu , Pätilä Tommi , Mulari Severi , Lampinen Milla , Nieminen Tuomo , Mäyränpää Mikko I. , Vento Antti , Harjula Ari , Kankuri Esko ,   the AADC consortium
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral approaches devised for clinical utilization of cell-based therapies for heart failure often suffer from complex and lengthy preparation stages. Epicardial delivery of autologous atrial appendage micrografts (AAMs) with a clinically used extracellular matrix (ECM) patch provides a straightforward therapy alternative. We evaluated the operative feasibility and the effect of micrografts on the patch-induced epicardial foreign body inflammatory response in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. Right atrial appendages were harvested and mechanically processed into AAMs. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to generate acute infarction. Patches of ECM matrix with or without AAMs were transplanted epicardially onto the infarcted area. Four pigs received the ECM and four received the AAMs patch. Cardiac function was studied by echocardiography both preoperatively and at three weeks follow-up. The primary outcome measures were safety and feasibility of the therapy administration and the secondary outcome was the inflammatory response to ECM. Neither AAMs nor ECM patch-related complications were detected during the follow-up time. AAMs patch preparation was feasible according to time and safety. Inflammation was greatly reduced in AAMs as compared to ECM patches as measured by the amount of infiltrated inflammatory cells and area of inflammation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated an increased CD3+ cell density in the AAMs patch infiltrate. Epicardial AAMs transplantation demonstrated safety and clinical feasibility. The use of micrografts significantly inhibited ECM-induced foreign body inflammatory reactivity. Transplantation of AAMs shows good clinical applicability as adjuvant therapy to cardiac surgery and can suppress acute inflammatory reactivity.
Competitive empathy: sharing values and strategies with rivals
Authors: Ghezzi Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to introduce the original idea of competitive empathy, to go beyond competitive advantage and help managers and entrepreneurs strategize with a shared purpose.

Design/methodology/approach
This study builds on and originally combines seminal works on empathy in the fields of psychology and management, which are extended to embrace the notion of empathy toward competitors. Empirical research leveraged different methods, including “class as a lab” research; field studies; and collaborative research.

Findings
To support managers’ and entrepreneurs’ effort to be more empathic and emotionally intelligent when dealing with competitors, the study introduces the “Competitive Empathy Catalyst” tool, which identifies three layers – namely, orientation, execution and foundation – where to look for common ground between your company’s and your competitors’ strategy. A set of principles that should inspire managers’ strategic behavior and action to enable competitive empathy are also proposed: search for a non-conflicting identification with competitors and avoid “egotism”; adopt “perspective-taking”; practice “mirroring”; aim at the “greater good”; leverage “vicarious learning” and apply “cautionary trust.”

Practical implications
Looking at competitors from a different angle and applying competitive empathy as a strategic device can uncover a plethora of opportunities benefiting the company’s strategy and ability to create, deliver and capture value.

Originality/value
Empathy in management theory and practice has been traditionally associated with interaction with customers, employees and stakeholders. Competitive empathy counterintuitively applies empathy to a category of players that were largely left out from the discussion, that is, competitors.
Antecedents to heuristics: decoding the role of herding and prospect theory for Indian millennial investors
Authors: Goyal Preeti , Gupta Poornima , Yadav Vanita 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how heuristics are formed and whether herding and prospect theory act as antecedents to heuristics. The relationship is explored specifically for millennials.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed relationship is explored specifically for millennials. Herding and prospect theory are modelled as antecedents to heuristics. The study uses survey data from 923 millennials from India to test the model for two financial products: equity and mutual funds. Regression analysis is used to evaluate the model.FindingsFindings support the role of herding and prospect theory as antecedents to heuristics of millennials although to varying degrees for equity and mutual fund investments. The impact of herding on heuristics is likely to be smaller for equity investments as compared to mutual fund investments.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings provide insights into how heuristics are formed for millennials. The findings add to literature by beginning a new line of inquiry on how heuristics are formed. Since the model is tested on a single generation, future research can test the model on other generations. In addition, future research can also add more antecedents to our proposed model.Practical implicationsFindings from this study can provide financial planners and marketers with an understanding of how heuristics are formed for millennials. Financial planners can use these insights while providing financial advice to this generation and marketers can use them to create more relevant outreach.Social implicationsFinancial investments are an important conduit for financial security. By understanding the cognitive processes that influence financial investment decision-making, it is possible for educators to create content appropriately and for financial planners to advise clients accordingly to enable optimal financial decisions that will be wealth-creating.Originality/valueExisting literature primarily treats heuristics, herding and prospect theory as being independent of each other. The authors take a novel approach to model the antecedents to heuristics to be herding and prospect theory. The model is tested on millennials for two financial products: equity and mutual funds.
Commentary on “Teaching playground expectations to secondary age students with intellectual disabilities attending a special school”
Authors: Hewett Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a commentary on the article “Teaching behavioural expectations to secondary age students with intellectual disabilities attending a special school”.

Design/methodology/approach
The impact on teachers who deal with high levels of behaviours that challenge is explored.

Findings
The article highlights the importance of proactive, preventative strategies for behaviour management and the need for staff training and support.

Originality/value
Teachers working with pupils who engage in high levels of behaviours that challenge need training and support.
URBAN SHRINKAGE IN CHINA, THE USA AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC: A Comparative Multilevel Governance Perspective
Authors: Zhou Kai , Koutský Jaroslav , Hollander Justin B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the phenomenon of shrinking cities is a global one, policy responses can vary considerably depending on context. This article examines the initiatives of government agencies in a variety of contexts and finds that cities adopt different strategies to manage the problems of shrinkage. Specifically, the article presents an international comparison of three shrinking cities: Fu Xin in China, New Bedford in the USA, and Ústí nad Labem in the Czech Republic. These three cases, which present three distinctive political frameworks (namely, centralism, localism and indirect centralism), have responded to the issue differently but experienced similarly insufficient policy outcomes. We observed that the political agenda‐setting for shrinking cities involved more than simply choosing to ignore, deny or accept the problem, and focused instead on how the local governments opted to recognize their problems, assembled the political willpower and leadership to address them, and gave shape to the policy choices that created a specific narrative for their city. From a comparative perspective, we argue that cities cannot manage their shrinkage without support from other levels of government. In other words, a successful response to urban shrinkage requires multilevel governance to contextualize the locally‐based phenomenon, de‐contextualize the role of multilevel politics, and re‐contextualize the set of policies and actions that can be utilized.
The detection of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 genetic variants through parallel testing of patients with high‐grade serous ovarian cancer: a national retrospective audit
Authors: Frugtniet B , Morgan S , Murray A , Palmer‐Smith S , White R , Jones R , Hanna L , Fuller C , Hudson E , Mullard A , Quinton AE 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of germline and somatic pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in patients with high‐grade serous ovarian cancer tested by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), with the aim of defining the best strategy to be implemented in future routine testing.DesignNational retrospective audit.SettingThe All Wales Medical Genomics Service (AWMGS).PopulationPatients with high‐grade serous ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal cancer referred by oncologists to the AWMGS between February 2015 and February 2021 for germline and/or tumour testing of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes by NGS.MethodsAnalysis of NGS data from germline and/or tumour testing.Main outcome measuresFrequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants.ResultsThe overall observed germline/somatic pathogenic variant detection rate was 11.6% in the 844 patients included in this study, with a 9.2% (73/791) germline pathogenic variant detection rate. Parallel tumour and germline testing was carried out for 169 patients and the overall pathogenic variant detection rate for this cohort was 14.8%, with 6.5% (11/169) shown to have a somatic pathogenic variant. Two BRCA1 dosage variants were found during germline screens, representing 2.0% (2/98) of patients with a pathogenic variant that would have been missed through tumour testing alone.ConclusionsParallel germline and tumour BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing maximises the detection of pathogenic variants in patients with high‐grade serous ovarian cancer.Tweetable abstractParallel germline and tumour testing maximises BRCA pathogenic variant detection in ovarian cancer.
The party road to representation: Unequal responsiveness in party platforms
Authors: SCHAKEL WOUTER , BURGOON BRIAN 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explores a major road to substantive representation in democracies, by clarifying whether demands of rich and poor citizens are taken up in the electoral platforms of political parties. Doing so constitutes a substantial broadening and deepening of our understanding of substantive representation – broadening the countries, issue‐areas and years that form the empirical basis for judging whether democracies manifest unequal representation; and deepening the process of representation by clarifying a key pathway connecting societal demands to policy outcomes. The paper hypothesises that party systems in general will respond more strongly to wealthy than to poor segments of a polity. It also hypothesises that left parties will more faithfully represent poorer and less significantly represent richer citizens than do right parties. We find substantial support for these expectations in a new dataset that combines multi‐country, multi‐issue‐area, multi‐wave survey data with data on party platforms for 39 democracies.
Modafinil rescues repeated morphine‐induced synaptic and behavioural impairments via activation of D1R–ERK–CREB pathway in medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Yin Fangyuan , Zhang Jinyu , Lu Ye , Zhang Yulei , Liu Jincen , Deji Cuola , Qiao Xiaomeng , Gao Keqiang , Xu Min , Lai Jianghua , Wang Yunpeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLong‐term opioid abuse causes a variety of long‐lasting cognitive impairments such as attention, impulsivity and working memory. These cognitive impairments undermine behavioural treatment for drug abuse and lead to poor treatment retention and outcomes. Modafinil is a wake‐promoting drug that shows potential in improving attention and memory in humans and animals. However, modafinil's effect on opioid‐induced cognitive impairments remains unclear, and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. This study showed that repeated morphine administration significantly impairs attention, increases impulsivity and reduces motivation to natural rewards in mice. Systemic modafinil treatment at low dose efficiently ameliorates morphine‐induced attention dysfunction and improves motivation and working memory in mice. High dose of modafinil has adverse effects on impulsive action and attention. Local infusion of D1R antagonist SCH‐23390 reverses the morphine‐induced synaptic abnormalities and activation of the D1R–ERK–CREB pathway in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This study demonstrated a protective effect of modafinil in mPFC neurons and offered a therapeutic potential for cognitive deficits in opioid abuse.