bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic value of irrigation water for major crops in the Ardabil plain, Iran*
Authors: Nouri‐Khajebelagh Rassol , Khaledian Mohammadreza , Kavoosi‐Kalashami Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe agricultural sector is facing an increasing demand for water in Iran due to the large disparity between the cost of water supply and the price paid by farmers. Therefore, the real price of water neds to be calculated. To this end, in this study the economic value of water was calculated in the case of wheat, potatoes, alfalfa, barley and canola in Ardabil city using cross‐sectional data collection for the year 2018, with 1087 questionnaires completed by farmers in the area. Data were analysed using Excel, SPSS and EViews software products. The economic value of irrigation water after analysing the results for wheat, potato, alfalfa, barley and canola crops was 0.026, 0.092, 0.022, 0.0225 and 0.0474 US$/m3, respectively. Since these calculated economic values are quite high for different crops, production of the crops in question is economically viable and the water consumed economically justified. The price of water supply in the Ardabil plain varies between 0.00877 and 0.0175 US$/m3, which is significantly different from the real price. Given the price difference between the cost of water supply and the price paid by farmers, incentive schemes can be used so that any farmer who consumes less water will benefit from a discount in the calculation of water prices, resulting in mitigation of water volume consumption.
Relationships among non‐interpersonal and interpersonal trauma types, posttraumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth A. , Owens Gina P. , Keller Emily M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMethodsAdults seeking behavioral health or medical treatment (N = 158) were recruited from a community healthcare agency and a residential support program in the southeastern United States.ResultsIndividuals who reported interpersonal trauma had significantly higher total PTS severity and symptom clusters. No significant difference was found in perceived PTG based on trauma type. No significant curvilinear relationship between PTS and perceived PTG was found. A significant negative linear relationship was observed between PTS and perceived PTG for non‐interpersonal trauma, but not interpersonal trauma.ConclusionTrauma type may influence the PTS and perceived PTG relationship and, while associated with PTS, seems less important to reporting of perceived PTG.
Socioemotional competence in context: Black adolescent boys' socioemotional competence, neighborhood‐school racial (in)congruence, and social adjustment
Authors: Lozada Fantasy T. , Jagers Robert J. , Nguyễn Hòa X. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study examined patterns of Black adolescent boys' socioemotional competence (SEC) in the midst of racial (in)congruence of their neighborhood and school contexts and the associations of these patterns with self‐ and teacher‐reported social adjustment. Data collected from 417 Black adolescent boys in 7th–11th grade were analyzed using a multilevel class analysis to derive student‐level classes of SEC and neighborhood racial composition and school‐level classes of school racial composition. Class associations with social adjustment were examined via analysis of variance and analysis of covariance among a subsample of 258 Black males. Four patterns of SEC‐neighborhood racial composition and two patterns of school racial composition were identified; the former were associated with self‐ and teacher‐reported social adjustment. Interactive patterns of SEC‐neighborhood racial composition classes and school racial composition classes were associated with teachers' reports of negative social adjustment. Study findings suggest that considering SEC within racialized contexts is important for understanding Black adolescent boys' adjustment.
Multiple roles for peptidylglycine α‐amidating monooxygenase in the response to hypoxia
Authors: Rao Vishwanatha K. S. , Eipper Betty A. , Mains Richard E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe biosynthesis of many of the peptides involved in homeostatic control requires peptidylglycine α‐amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an ancient, highly conserved copper‐ and ascorbate‐dependent enzyme. Using the production of amidated chromogranin A to monitor PAM function in tumor cells, physiologically relevant levels of hypoxia were shown to inhibit this monooxygenase. The ability of primary pituitary cells exposed to hypoxic conditions for 4 h to produce amidated chromogranin A was similarly inhibited. The affinity of the purified monooxygenase for oxygen (Km = 99 ± 19 μM) was consistent with this result. The ability of PAM to alter secretory pathway behavior under normoxic conditions required its monooxygenase activity. Under normoxic conditions, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1a levels in dense cultures of corticotrope tumor cells expressing high levels of PAM exceeded those in control cells; expression of inactive monooxygenase did not have this effect. The effects of hypoxia on levels of two PAM‐regulated genes (activating transcription factor 3 [Atf3] and FK506 binding protein 2 [Fkbp2]) differed in cells expressing high versus low levels of PAM. Putative hypoxia response elements occur in both human and mouse PAM, and hPAM has consistently been identified as one of the genes upregulated in response to hypoxia. Expression of PAM is also known to alter gene expression. A quarter of the genes consistently upregulated in response to hypoxia were downregulated following increased expression of PAM. Taken together, our data suggest roles for PAM and amidated peptide secretion in the coordination of tissue‐specific responses to hypoxia.
Ferrocene‐Containing Porous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membranes: Synthesis and Application as Sacrificial Template for Porous Iron Oxide Films
Authors: Khorsand Kheirabad Atefeh , Saeedi Garakani Sadaf , Tan Liangxiao , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, the fabrication of iron‐containing porous polyelectrolyte membranes (PPMs) via ionic complexation between an imidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and 1,1‐ferrocenedicarboxylic acid is reported. The key parameters to control the microstructure of porous hybrid membranes are investigated in detail. Further aerobic pyrolysis of such porous hybrid membranes at 900 °C can transfer the ferrocene‐containing PPMs into freestanding porous iron oxide films. This process points out a sacrificial template function of porous poly(ionic liquid) membranes in the fabrication of porous metal oxide films.
Glycine Attenuates Citrobacter rodentium‐Induced Colitis by Regulating ATF6‐Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice
Authors: Zhang Yunchang , Jiang Da , Jin Yuhang , Jia Hai , Yang Ying , Kim In Ho , Dai Zhaolai , Zhang Jinhua , Ren Fazheng , Wu Zhenlong 
Published: June 2021

ScopeInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder in which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota are implicated. Glycine supplementation is reported to reduce inflammatory responses in experimental colitis. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects remain unclear.Methods and ResultsFemale C57BL/6 mice are orally administered with glycine (3.5 or 5.2 g kg‐1 body weight) for 14 continuous days. On day 8 post‐glycine supplementation, the mice are orally inoculated with 2 × 109 CFU Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium). The results show that glycine alleviates C. rodentium‐induced body weight loss, increased disease activity index and spleen weight, colon length shortening, and colonic hyperplasia. Glycine suppresses the activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissues. The apoptosis of colon epithelial cells is also abrogated by glycine, which is associated with the inactivation of activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α)‐C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling. In addition, glycine administration increases α diversity, restores β diversity, and abolishes the reduction in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, Turicibacter, and Alloprevotella in the colon.ConclusionsGlycine supplementation is a nutritional strategy that may ameliorate C. rodentium‐induced colitis by regulating ATF6α‐CHOP‐mediated ER stress and enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus.
Metamaterial‐inspired tri‐band antenna for 5G‐C and Ka band applications
Authors: Ruchi Ruchi , Kartikeyan Machavaram V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents a novel tri‐band antenna design inspired by metamaterials for 5G‐C and Ka bands. The design employs an inverted U‐structured patch, a rectangular patch with E‐shape slot and a circular monopole loaded with complementary split ring resonator to achieve three operating bands with reduced overall antenna dimensions. It operates at 4.7 GHz (n79 band) in C‐band with maximum measured gain of 2.5 dB and two‐mm wave Ka bands at 28 GHz (n260 band) and 39 GHz (n261 band) with corresponding gain of 7.06 and 6.76 dB. The overall dimension of the proposed tri‐band antenna is 30 × 22 × 0.543 mm3 and the bandwidths measured are 9.04%, 14.14%, and 2.46% at 4.7 GHz, 28 GHz, and 39 GHz, respectively. The experimented results are close to simulated ones.
Topological electron density properties at critical points along aromatic rings as reactivity and regioselectivity descriptors in electrophilic substitutions
Authors: Da Silva Natieli Alves , Bruns Roy Edward , Haiduke Roberto Luiz Andrade 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to evaluate the substituent effect on the reactivity and regioselectivity of aromatic rings with respect to electrophilic substitution reactions, we considered several benzene derivatives containing activating (−NH2, −NHCH3, −N(CH3)2, −OH, −OCH3, and −CHCH2) and deactivating (−F, −Cl, −Br, −COH, −COCH3, −COOCH3, −COOH, −COCl, −CN, and −NO2) groups. In this sense, we propose alternative theoretical descriptors of reactivity and regioselectivity, which are based only on electron density properties of initial substrates. The descriptors investigated here were obtained from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (electron density curvatures at the ring critical point [RCP] and at the critical points of carbon nuclei along with kinetic and potential energy densities at the RCP) and from the interacting quantum atom formalism (intra‐atomic energy values of carbon atoms). The topological parameters at the RCPs and at carbon nuclei within the aromatic moiety were particularly successful in this task, being able to provide quantitative predictions of reactivity as compared with traditional resonance parameters used to that same end.
Identification of amyloidogenic proteins in the microbiomes of a rat Parkinson's disease model and wild‐type rats
Authors: Christensen Line Friis Bakmann , Alijanvand Saeid Hadi , Burdukiewicz Michał , Herbst Florian‐Alexander , Kjeldal Henrik , Dueholm Morten Simonsen , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCross seeding between amyloidogenic proteins in the gut is receiving increasing attention as a possible mechanism for initiation or acceleration of amyloid formation by aggregation‐prone proteins such as αSN, which is central in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). This is particularly pertinent in view of the growing number of functional (i.e., benign and useful) amyloid proteins discovered in bacteria. Here we identify two amyloidogenic proteins, Pr12 and Pr17, in fecal matter from PD transgenic rats and their wild type counterparts, based on their stability against dissolution by formic acid (FA). Both proteins show robust aggregation into ThT‐positive aggregates that contain higher‐order β‐sheets and have a fibrillar morphology, indicative of amyloid proteins. In addition, Pr17 aggregates formed in vitro showed significant resistance against FA, suggesting an ability to form highly stable amyloid. Treatment with proteinase K revealed a protected core of approx. 9 kDa. Neither Pr12 nor Pr17, however, affected αSN aggregation in vitro. Thus, amyloidogenicity does not per se lead to an ability to cross‐seed fibrillation of αSN. Our results support the use of proteomics and FA to identify amyloidogenic protein in complex mixtures and suggests that there may be numerous functional amyloid proteins in microbiomes.
Biochemical properties of VGLL4 from Homo sapiens and Tgi from Drosophila melanogaster and possible biological implications
Authors: Mesrouze Yannick , Meyerhofer Marco , Zimmermann Catherine , Fontana Patrizia , Erdmann Dirk , Chène Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe TEAD (Sd in drosophila) transcription factors are essential for the Hippo pathway. Human VGLL4 and drosophila Tgi bind to TEAD/Sd via two distinct binding sites. These two regions are separated by few amino acids in VGLL4 but they are very distant from each other in Tgi. This difference prompted us to study whether it influences the interaction with TEAD4/Sd. We show that the full‐length VGLL4/Tgi proteins behave as intrinsically disordered proteins. They have a similar affinity for TEAD4/Sd revealing that the length of the region between the two binding sites has little effect on the interaction. One of their two binding sites (high‐affinity site) binds to TEAD4/Sd 100 times more tightly than to the other site, and size exclusion chromatography experiments reveal that VGLL4/Tgi only form trimeric complexes with TEAD4/Sd at high protein concentrations. In solution, therefore, VGLL4/Tgi may predominantly interact with TEAD4/Sd via their high‐affinity site to create dimeric complexes. In contrast, when TEAD4/Sd molecules are immobilized on sensor chips used in Surface Plasmon Resonance experiments, one VGLL4/Tgi molecule can bind simultaneously with an enhanced affinity to two immobilized molecules. This effect, due to a local increase in protein concentration triggered by the proximity of the immobilized TEAD4/Sd molecules, suggests that in vivo VGLL4/Tgi could bind with an enhanced affinity to two nearby TEAD/Sd molecules bound to DNA. The presence of two binding sites in VGLL4/Tgi might only be required for the function of these proteins when they interact with TEAD/Sd bound to DNA.
From zero to fog: Efficient engineering of fog‐based Internet of Things applications
Authors: Pfandzelter Tobias , Hasenburg Jonathan , Bermbach David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Internet of Things (IoT) data processing, cloud computing alone does not suffice due to latency constraints, bandwidth limitations, and privacy concerns. By introducing intermediary nodes closer to the edge of the network that offer compute services in proximity to IoT devices, fog computing can reduce network strain and high access latency to application services. While this is the only viable approach to enable efficient IoT applications, the issue of component placement among cloud and intermediary nodes in the fog adds a new dimension to system design. State‐of‐the‐art solutions to this issue rely on simulation or solving a formalized assignment problem through heuristics only, which both have their drawbacks. In this article, we present a five‐step process for designing practical fog‐based IoT applications that combines best practices, simulation, and testbed analysis to converge towards an efficient system architecture. We then apply this process in a smart factory case study. By deploying filtered options to a physical testbed, we show that each step of our process converges towards more efficient application designs.
High-Dose Three-Weekly or Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin during Radiation, What to Prefer?
Authors: Szturz Petr , Vermorken Jan B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, adding three cycles of high-dose (100 mg/m2) cisplatin every three weeks to definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy can significantly improve locoregional control and survival. One of the major drawbacks is severe acute toxicity with about 40% of patients developing mucositis, up to one fourth suffering from dysphagia, and at least 20% having bone marrow suppression. Late toxicity has been under- and sometimes mis-reported and may even be responsible for an increase in non-cancer-related deaths in long-term survivors. Moreover, efficacy outcomes are still not satisfactory with 5-year overall survival rates ranging between 40% and 50%, excluding the growing minority of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer cases with a markedly better prognosis. Consequently, alternative regimens have gained attention with the aim to reduce toxicity, improve adherence, and maintain adequate anti-tumour activity. Low-dose (usually 40 mg/m2) cisplatin given in weekly intervals emerged as the preferred alternative to the standard, high-dose regimen. But do we have enough evidence to support this approach and which patients might become suitable candidates? While the use of high-dose cisplatin is supported by the results of four large trials randomizing altogether 1539 patients between conventionally fractionated chemoradiation and radiotherapy alone, there are only three small, similarly designed but possibly biased studies favouring a weekly regimen. In addition, two other trials randomly assigning patients to receive either high-dose or low-dose cisplatin, provided evidence against routine administration of the latter schedule. Therefore, although weekly cisplatin may enhance short-term tolerance in terms of gastro-intestinal, hepatic, hearing, renal, and haematological side effects, it cannot be excluded that this improvement comes at the price of compromised survival with no benefit in late adverse events. We acknowledge that certain clinical scenarios, particularly in the presence of relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin, may favour a less toxic cisplatin dose and/or administration schedule, among which the low-dose weekly regimen. In this respect, the ever-growing population of elderly patients is in particular benefitting from a careful decision, taking into account the pros and cons of such regimens.
Patients with Rare Head Neck Cancers: Do They Need a Different Approach?
Authors: van Herpen Carla M. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA cancer is considered rare when the annual cancer incidence is less than 6 per 100,000 inhabitants. In absolute numbers more than 500,000 patients per year are diagnosed with a rare cancer, and 4,300,000 rare cancer patients are prevalent in Europe. The definition is widely adopted among the different scientific international societies like ESMO and ESTRO. This means that 22% of all diagnosed cancers are rare and out of the 260 cancer types identified (www.rarecare), 223 (86%) are rare. The European Network for Rare Solid Cancers (EURACAN) uses this definition to create reference networks in order to improve rare cancer care.In Europe rare cancer patients have poorer survival as compared to common cancer patients. Moreover, the survival of rare cancer patients in the Netherlands has barely increased over time (from 50% in 1995–2000 to 56% in 2012–2016), in contrast to the common cancers (from 59% in 1995–2012 to 72% in 2012–2016). Clinical decision-making is more problematic in the case of a rare cancer because clinical studies on that tumor will be more difficult to do; so, the quality of available evidence tends to be limited. Furthermore, the decreased survival is partly caused by a delay in the diagnostic trajectory and found to be related to more advanced staging resulting in less effective treatment options.Examples of rare cancers in the head and neck region are salivary gland cancers, which can be divided in 22 histological subtypes, and epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity and sinuses, e.g. intestinal type adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma, which are rare and frequently located in the head and neck area (Table 20.1).New developments in the treatment of (recurrent/metastatic) salivary gland cancer, especially salivary duct cancer, will be discussed. By unraveling tumor characteristics, such as genetic alterations and protein expression profiles, therapeutic strategies tailored to the patient’s tumor can be rationalized. This genomic profiling and mapping of immunohistochemical expression profiles is essential in the search for a suitable treatment or study approach. Thereby, it alleviates the paucity in systemic treatment options and can significantly alter the prognosis of patients with rare cancers.
New Drugs for Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Ayodele Olubukola , Siu Lillian L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChemotherapy has been the backbone for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RMNPC), which remains an incurable disease. Currently the most active area of therapeutic investigations in RMNPC is in immunotherapy, especially after the results of five anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies, i.e. pembrolizumab, nivolumab, camrelizumab, toripalimab and tislelizumab, have demonstrated monotherapy objective response rates of 21%–43%. Combinations using anti-PD1/L1 antibodies as backbone to evaluate their additivity or synergy with cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted agents, or other immuno-oncology compounds are actively being developed. Besides immune checkpoint blockade, additional ways to modulate the host immune system, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-directed vaccination against viral antigens (such as EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2) with dendritic cells or peptides, adoptive cell transfer of autologous or HLA-matched allogeneic EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CAR or TCR T-cell therapy, personalized cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses are being explored. Finally, novel molecularly targeted agents that have entered human testing in RMNPC include apatinib and anlotinib (antiangiogenic agents), MAK683 (an embryonic ectoderm development or EED protein inhibitor), among others. This review provides an update of ongoing clinical trials evaluating these new compounds in RMNPC.
Earthquake Risk Assessment from Insurance Perspective
Authors: Erdik M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe assessment of earthquake and risk to a portfolio, in urban or regional scale, constitutes an important element in the mitigation of economic and social losses due to earthquakes, planning of immediate post-earthquake actions as well as for the development of earthquake insurance schemes. Earthquake loss and risk assessment methodologies consider and combine three main elements: earthquake hazard, fragility/vulnerability of assets and the inventory of assets exposed to hazard. Challenges exist in the characterization of the earthquake hazard as well as in the determination of the fragilities/vulnerabilities of the physical and social elements exposed to the hazard. The simulation of the spatially correlated fields of ground motion using empirical models of correlation between intensity measures is an important tool for hazard characterization. The uncertainties involved in these elements and especially the correlation in these uncertainties, are important to obtain the bounds of the expected risks and losses. This paper looks at the current practices in regional and urban earthquake risk assessment, discusses current issues and provides illustrative applications from Istanbul and Turkey.