bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional Implications of Primary Familial Hyperlipoproteinemia in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Froese Arthur P. , Rose Vera , Allen D. Marilyn 
Published: December 2021

To determine whether 43 patients and their 23 unaffected siblings were at increased risk for psychologic upset, 28 families of children being treated for primary familial hyperlipoproteinemia were studied. Nine fathers but no mothers had died of the disease. The families were interviewed for psychiatric assessment, and the parent(s) scored a questionnaire concerning eight behavioral factors. Male patients had significantly higher scores for impulsive hyperactive behavior than their male siblings. Fatherless female patients had the highest scores for perfectionism and the lowest scores for conduct problems and impulsive hyperactive behavior. Fatherless children scored lower for impulsive hyperactive behavior than children with fathers; fatherless male children were more anxious than fatherless female children.
There were more significant differences in scores for children whose father was still alive vs those whose father had died than in scores for affected children vs unaffected siblings. Thus, the emotional impact of the premature death of an affected parent appears greater than that of having the disease. Therefore, one should be alert for changes in behavior in children with primary familial hyperlipoproteinemia when a parent dies of the disease and as the patients approach the age at which the parent died.
Subclinical Hepatic Changes in Varicella Infection
Authors: Pitel Paul A. , McCormick Kenneth L. , Fitzgerald Eileen , Orson Jay M. 
Published: December 2021

Varicella is a common viral disease of children which frequently occurs in epidemics. The diagnosis is generally obvious from clinical criteria. The disease is usually self-limited and benign, but the complications of pneumonia and encephalitis are well recognized.1 Recently, chicken pox has been implicated in 10% to 18% of cases of Reye's syndrome, and varicella hepatitis is being increasingly recognized.2-4 However, the incidence of subclinical liver involvement in children or adults with varicella is not known.4,5
In this study we have obtained historical, physical, and biochemical data on patients with varicella infections during the active phase of their disease. Patients were questioned about previous hepatic disease, the use of salicylates or phenothiazine class drugs, the onset and sequence of their symptoms, and signs of neurologic or hepatic involvement.
What is Scientific Proof?
Authors: Crook William G. 
Published: December 2021

Can adverse or allergic reactions to what a person eats cause him to be pale, tired, and drowsy on the one hand, or irritable and hyperactive on the other? Can such reactions to food also cause headaches, abdominal pain, and limb pains? Can they make an individual depressed, and can they cause even more bizarre nervous system symptoms, or are such reactions a myth?
As long ago as 1916, and on repeated occasions since that time, observers, including Hoobler,1 Shannon,2 Rowe,3 Rinkel et al,4 Randolph,5 Speer,6 Deamer and colleagues,7,8 Gerrard,9 Alvarez,10 and many others,11-18 have described patients with systemic and nervous system reactions caused by a specific hypersensitivity to foods.
Excretory Urography for Evaluation of Enuresis
Authors: Seibert Joanna J. , Felman Alvin H. , Glazer Norman , McSweeney William , Merten David F. , Northway William , Goldman Harold S. , Grossman Herman 
Published: December 2021

Enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine occurring beyond the age when control of the urinary bladder should have been acquired.1 Eighty percent of children with enuresis have problems staying dry at night, 5% in the day, and 15% both day and night.2 The age at which children can be expected to stay dry at night is not well established and is often cause for extreme concern for parents and children alike. Most children are still not dry at night by age 2 years. In a study of 315 children, Klackenberg reported 87% dry by 3 years and 96% dry by 6 years. Essen and Peckham,4 reviewing the records of 12,000 children, found enuresis more prevalent in older ages. More than 10% of their patients were enuretic between ages 5 and 7 years and almost 5% were still having problems at 11 years of age.
The etiology of enuresis is also difficult to define, and many different theories have been advanced. Bindelglas5 grouped these into five major categories: (1) organo-urogenic, including urologic malformations; (2) psychogenic; (3) developmental; (4) genetic; (5) environmental. The first of these categories must be of primary concern to the physician when confronted with an enuretic child, ie, could the symptoms possibly reflect a surgically correctable urologic abnormality? Radiologic procedures such as excretory urography and micturition cystourethrography are the studies usually relied on to exclude an underlying anatomic lesion. Because of the potential risk and expense of any radiologic procedure as well as the possible low yield in this condition, the Committee on Radiology examined the utility of these studies in the routine evaluation of enuresis.
PACE 8 Report
Authors: Oliver William J. , Allan David M. E. , Beazley Luther A. , Dodge Warren F. , Fijan Kenneth J. , Ganelin Robert S. , Howard William A. , Pearson Howard A. , Walker Dixon , Wasserman Edward , Bergh Rodney M. , Montgomery William C. 
Published: December 2021

PACE 8 is the final Academy examination in the PACE series. The self-assessment program for pediatricians began in 1970 with SEEP followed by PACE in 1976-1979 and is currently continued as part of the PREP program.
This report summarizes the data of the PACE 8
See Table in the PDF File
See Images in the PDF File
multiple-choice examination. Of the 3,635 subscribers, 1,155 returned answer sheets to the Academy for CME credit. All participants had the option of completing the assessments open book (using references), closed book, or both. All of the examinations (577) designated as "closed book" were scored to compile these data. The descriptive statistics generated provide an opportunity for PACE 8 participants to compare their performance with that of the sample.
Table 1 gives the statistical summary for the total examination. Table 2 lists the mean percent scores for the topic areas. Table 3 gives information on the difficulty of each question in terms of the percent of participants answering the item correctly. A histogram of PACE 8 total scores is presented in the Figure.
The data have been presented in a similar format to the PACE 7 Report (Pediatrics 63:922, 1979) for comparison. PACE 8, like the previous examinations, was designed as an educational activity, only sampling knowledge base, and was not given in the usual controlled conditions.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Floy Helwig, MD, FAAP, PACE Science Editor, and the Academy gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Melton E. Golmon, PhD, Director of Medical Education, Northwestern University Medical School, in the preparation of the statistics.
The ‘Vulnerable Child’: Intimations of Mortality
Authors: Green Morris 
Published: December 2021

Pediatrics has been at the forefront in its attention to populations and individuals at risk of death or disease. Much attention has been directed toward health vulnerabilities or potential precursors of disease. When preventive services, which now occupy about half of the pediatrician's time in the United States, are regularly utilized by parents who also consult the physician appropriately when their child is sick, pediatric care is effective and efficient; on the other hand, failure to utilize such resources parsimoniously is an issue deserving of examination.
As documented by Levy in this issue (p. 956), a common reason for excessive utilization of health services is a parent's belief that a particular child is especially vulnerable to illness.
INSTRUCTIONS OF AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH FATHER TO HIS DAUGHTER ON HOW TO RAISE HER SON
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

John Taylor (1694-1761), the editor of the first Hebrew Concordance of the English Bible, offered his daughter in his pamphlet entitled The Value of a Child (1752) the following advice on raising her son.1
Let him be well established in liberty (liberty to use and improve his understanding) and the rights of conscience; but for others as well as himself. Address his understanding; encourage his enquiries, and use him betimes to think and reason. Represent vice in the most odious, virtue in the most amiable colours. Especially give him a deep sense of truth and integrity, and an abhorrence of all manner of falsehood, fraud, craft, subterfuge and dissimulation, as base and dishonourable, and highly displeasing to God. You cannot cherish veracity too much. Never be severe for any fault he ingenuously acknowledges. But while you are convincing him of the wrong he has done, honour and commend him for the truth he has spoken. Make him sensible [that] bodily appetites and passions are very dangerous, if not duly restrained. Give him a low, opinion of splendor and show, and deceive him not into wrong thoughts of himself by gaudy ornaments. Teach him to reverence the human nature even in the poorest and suffer him not to treat any with contempt. Cherish modesty and check a forward, bold behaviour; it may grow into an unruly dissolute insolence. Suffer him not to be a man, but as years and understanding allow. Boys are by no means fit to govern themselves, or to direct others.
Opinions on Teenage Pregnancy Statement
Authors: Gioia Phillip C. 
Published: December 2021

I would like to comment on the American Academy of Pediatrics "Statement on Teenage Pregnancy" by the Committee on Adolescence (Pediatrics 63:795-979, 1979).
The Statement describes the environment leading to teenage pregnancies only in sociologic terms. This type of information is hard to apply in clinical situations. A review of longitudinal studies of factors antecedent to teenage pregnancies1-3 would be more helpful to clinicians trying to prevent unwanted teenage pregnancies. Individual psychologic changes may be directed as sociologic changes take place.
Feingold Diet vs Allergic Tension Fatigue
Authors: Speer Frederic 
Published: December 2021

Both sides involved in the controversy over the Feingold diet seem to overlook completely that behavior disorders have long been known to be caused by allergy to specific foods.1,2 In these cases, the child is ordinarily not only overactive but oversensitive to discipline, pain, light, noise, etc. Most patients also display manifestations of fatigue, such as weakness and torpor. These findings may occur in the absence of such well known allergic diseases as asthma.
In order to give this disorder proper recognition as an allergic clinical entity in its own right, the term allergic tension-fatigue syndrome was introduced in 1958.3
The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Neuroblastoma
Authors: Kinney Hannah , Faix Roger , Brazy Jane 
Published: December 2021

In 1977 Hornstein et al1 reported the occurrence of adrenal carcinoma in a child with fetal alcohol syndrome. Recently Seeler et al2 noted a ganglioneuroblastoma in a child with fetal hydantoin-alcohol syndromes. The association of neural crest tumors with fetal hydantoin syndrome now appears established.2 The following case suggests an association with neoplasia may also exist for fetal alcohol syndrome.
CASE REPORT
Clinical Summary
T.E. was the 1,360 gm product of a 35-week gestation born to a 30-year old, black primigravida. At 11 days of age the patient was transferred to Duke Hospital for evaluation of multiple congenital anomalies and repair of a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia.
ON THE UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN BY JOHN PECHEY, WRITING IN 1697
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

John Pechey (1655-1716), the last English writer on diseases of children in the seventeenth century, had this to say about the upbringing of children.1
Children if they are virtuous are great Blessings and a publick good. It is therefore the duty of Parents to inure them betimes to a Regular course of Life; nor ought Persons of the best Quality to think the guidance of their Children beneath them. For Cornelia the Mother of the Gracchi, and Aurelia the Mother of Augustus Caesar, were Governesses to Children, and Cato, tho' he kept a Tutor in his House, did himself frequently instruct his Son. So did Augustus his grand-children, and the great Theodosius wou'd often sit by the Tutor while he was instructing his Son. And certainly it is best and safest for Parents to have their Children under their own Eye and inspection. But above all, the Fathers Example is of greatest force to instruct the Son, and his Actions Authorise the same in the Child, nor can the Father chastize him for what himself is guilty.
Growth Disturbances in Hyperkinetic Children
Authors: Greenhill Laurence L. , Puig-Antich Joaquim , Halpern Frieda , Sachar Edward J. , Rubinstein Boris , Chambers William , Fiscina Bernadette , Florea John 
Published: December 2021

Roche et al (Pediatrics 63:847, 1979) have provided a good clinical review of recent data on stimulant-induced growth disturbances in hyperkinetic children. They have clearly shown that substantial differences exist among published studies in methodology used, drug dosages employed, and measurement techniques cited. The clinician in the field needs this type of review to clarify the confusing reports on stimulant side effects.
We wish to make two points. The authors might have stressed that the stimulant drugs available may have differential growth suppression effects.
SURVIVAL OF A ONE-POUND FEMALE INFANT BORN IN 1847
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

After a thorough literature search of the survival rates of premature infants, I believe the infant described below was the smallest to survive until this century.1 I am mindful that the reported birth weights in the past may have been inaccurate because the weighing of newborn infants was not an accepted practice prior to this century. 2
Mrs. A. (aged 30) weaned her first child on the 17th of November 1846, a fortnight after which (1st December) she menstruated naturally. Two days after the catamenia disappeared (7th December), she conceived, having the same sensations post coitu which she felt at her previous conception. At four months she quickened. She was delivered (by a midwife) of her second child, a female, on the 14th of May 1847-on the hundred and fifty-eighth day of gestation. The child had only rudimentary nails, and almost no hair, except a little, of slightly reddish colour, at the lower part of the back of the head. It weighed one pound, and measured eleven inches. It was merely wrapped up at first, laid in a box about a foot long, used by the father (who is a slater) for carrying nails, and set on the kitchen fender, before the fire, to keep it warm. It came on very well, and was subsequently treated very much the same as other children, except perhaps, that it was a little more looked after than usual, being considered a curiosity. She is still of small make but is quite healthy, and takes her food well.
Letters to the Editors
Authors: Bergeson Paul S. 
Published: December 2021

The Committee on Hospital Care is entirely in sympathy with the concerns expressed by Dr Van Gelder as they pertain to difficulty adjusting to any proposed new system. Such sentiments were expressed in the statement on SI.
Over the years we have become accustomed to a "non system" of units in medicine which, in reality, is nonsensical and chaotic. It developed piecemeal and with little overall planning or logic. As a result, a stupifying number of units must be memorized.
Scopolamine Toxicity in a Newborn
Authors: Evens Ronald P. , Leopold John C. 
Published: December 2021

Scopolamine, an alkaloid similar to atropine, is still widely used in combination with meperidine and barbiturates to induce sedation and amnesia during labor and delivery. William's Obstetrics,1 states that scopolamine produces neonatal depression when used with morphine during labor and delivery. The following case demonstrates the potential side effects of this drug.
Case Report Baby B was a 7 lb 7 oz, female infant with an Apgar score of 10/10. She delivered spontaneously to a 24-year-old gravida 1, para 0, Latin-American woman without complications.
Controlled Trial of Prenatal Nutrition Supplementation Defended
Authors: Rush David , Stein Zena , Susser Mervyn 
Published: December 2021

The three commentaries on our recent paper1 by Drs Barness,2 Jacobson,3 and Hegsted4 pose thoughtful questions, which require serious consideration and reply.
The study was complicated, of long duration, and it was costly in money, time, and energy. The National Institute of Child Health and Development scrupulously sought to protect its investment; we were site-visited by scientific peers no fewer than seven times. Indeed, both Drs Jacobson and Hegsted served twice on site visit committees.
Artificial Surfactant to Prevent and Treat Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Enhorning Goran 
Published: December 2021

Twenty years ago we were first presented with evidence that infants dying from hyaline membrane disease suffer from a pulmonary surfactant deficiency.1 This observation has been substantiated with numerous reports from several countries. It offers a logical explanation to the physiology and pathology characterizing the condition, and has clearly influenced preventive and therapeutic measures. The obstetrician tries to avoid delivery until surfactant synthesis has become adequate through a naturally occurring process of maturation, or through one stimulated with glucocorticoids, and the pediatrician counteracts the tendency for atelectasis to develop by applying an airway pressure which is continuously distending.
Delivery quite often occurs so early in gestation that surfactant synthesis is still inadequate and there has not been sufficient time to stimulate it.
Comment on Teenage Pregnancy Statement
Authors: Reiss G. Russell 
Published: December 2021

Thanks for the "Letters to the Editor" section of Pediatrics. In the June 1980 issue we are treated to Dr Eugene Diamond's sound and reasonable philosophy of medical practice in his comments on the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement on teenage pregnancy (Pediatrics 65:1192, 1980). One has to read and search through many lines of medical literature to find such clear thinking as expressed here by Dr Diamond.
The committee's policy statement is one that has to be made to accommodate the various viewpoints held by the members of the Academy–so we are told.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Grim Clarence E. 
Published: December 2021

The comments by Dr Walson raise some worthwhile points.
The level of serum potassium in each patient was measured on nine separate days. In only one patient (the youngest) was a single potassium level of less than 3.6 mEq/liter obtained. Thus, in 26 of 27 measurements, potassium was normal (96% of the time). In contrast, plasma renin activity (PRA) was always less than 0.5 ng of angiotensin I (AI) per ml per 3 hr in 17 of 17 samples collected (100%) on each patient.
Critique of the Final Report of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee
Authors: Hughes James G. , Budetti Peter P. , Chapman Daniel D. , Cramblett Henry G. , Mathies Allen W. , Meyer Bruce P. , Seidel Henry , Slungaard Rolv K. , Connelly John P. , Bornstein Suzanne L. 
Published: December 2021

I. INTRODUCTION: THE GMENAC REPORT
In 1976, the federal government took two major steps that were to have a major impact on public attitudes and policies toward the health professions. (1) Congress passed the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1976, formally declaring an end to the notion that there was an overall shortage of physicians in the United States, and emphasizing geographic and primary care shortages instead. (2) Earlier, in April of the same year, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW), now the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), established the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) to advise the Secretary of DHEW on a set of issues related to the health professions. The formal charge to GMENAC included five specific questions: (a) What number of physicians is required to meet the health care needs of the nation? (b) What is the most appropriate specialty distribution of these physicians? (c) How can a more favorable geographic distribution of physicians be achieved? (d) What are the appropriate ways to finance the graduate medical education of physicians? (e) What strategies can achieve the recommendations formulated by the Committee?
After 4½ years of meetings, analysis, and developing and applying a complex methodology, GMENAC has now completed its work. Its recently published conclusions and recommendations are the subject of this policy statement.
II. GMENAC's APPROACH
GMENAC chose a ten-year span for its analysis, producing separate estimates for supply of and requirements for health professionals in 1990. Decisions on whether there would be a "shortage" or a "surplus" in a given field were based on a comparison of estimated supply with estimated requirements; the Panel's recommendations were, in turn, based on those decisions.
Measurement of Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Myerberg David Z. 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest the timely article by Horbar et al entitled "Effect of Application Force on Noninvasive Measurements of Intracranial Pressure" (Pediatrics 66: 455, 1980). Many are impressed with the correlation that the Ladd sensor displays in comparison to directly measured intracranial pressure (ICP). However, I share the concern of Horbar et al that there may be problems with the constancy of application force of the sensor.
I was surprised when I increased application force over the sensor in the monkey model.1
Some Observations on Pediatrics: Its Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Rogers David E. , Blendon Robert J. , Hearn Ruby P. 
Published: December 2021

I am honored to be with you today. I am particularly flattered that the American Academy of pediatrics-an institution with such a proud history of single-minded advocacy of the health and welfare of children-would permit an internist-turned-philanthropist to make this keynote address.
I have long admired the Academy. I tend to believe that the secret of your remarkable success and the respect you have been accorded by American society derives from your unswerving devotion to your original mission. Many of our professional societies, while initially spawned to help address the needs of those who are their special concern, have come to be more preoccupied with the special needs and problems of their membership.
Not so with this organization. Better health and better opportunities for children have remained your rallying points, and the needs of pediatricians as such have been distinctly secondary. This has not been lost on your admirers. I hope you can keep this refreshing idealism intact in our current cynical world. Your 1980 ten-point agenda for American children has a magnificent Jeffersonian ring to it.1 It is a bill of rights for children that deserves wide attention and circulation, and I congratulate you.
So this is a historic and significant occasion.
It is historic because it represents your 50th Anniversary.2
It is historic because we have just completed a decade in which many of the programs designed to improve the health and welfare of children launched with your help in the 1960s have borne fruit.
It is significant because you are launching your lofty ten-point agenda.