bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nowhere to Go: Parents' Descriptions of Children's Physical Activity During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Perez Deanna , Thalken Janelle K. , Ughelu Nzubechukwu E. , Knight Camilla J. , Massey William V. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Schools and outdoor public spaces play a substantial role in children's physical activity. Yet, the COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates bound many children to their available home spaces for learning, movement, and development. The exact effect this mandate had on children's physical activity may vary among families.Objective: To understand, from the perspective of parents, how the COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates affected children's physical activity, while also considering families' socioeconomic status.Design: Open-ended survey.Setting: Online.Method: Data were collected from 321 parents living in the United States of America. Parents answered an open-ended prompt to describe their children's physical activity during COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates. Following data collection, inductive and deductive content analysis examined patterns in the data.Results: Analyses indicated that shelter-in-place mandates restricted children's opportunities for physical activity. However, if families had access to outdoor spaces or equipment, they could encourage and support more physical activity opportunities than those without. Families in the lower-income bracket had less access to outdoor space and subsequently those children had fewer opportunities to be physically active. Parents supported their children's physical activity through their involvement and encouragement.Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of access to outdoor spaces and equipment for increasing children's physical activity. Findings can be used by educators and policymakers to equitably support families of lower socioeconomic status who reported less access to outdoor spaces.
Adapting Behavioral Interventions for a Changing Public Health Context: A Worked Example of Implementing a Digital Intervention During a Global Pandemic Using Rapid Optimisation Methods
Authors: Morton Katherine , Ainsworth Ben , Miller Sascha , Rice Cathy , Bostock Jennifer , Denison-Day James , Towler Lauren , Groot Julia , Moore Michael , Willcox Merlin , Chadborn Tim , Amlot Richard , Gold Natalie , Little Paul , Yardley Lucy 
Published: April 2021

Background: A rigorous approach is needed to inform rapid adaptation and optimisation of behavioral interventions in evolving public health contexts, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This helps ensure that interventions are relevant, persuasive, and feasible while remaining evidence-based. This paper provides a set of iterative methods to rapidly adapt and optimize an intervention during implementation. These methods are demonstrated through the example of optimizing an effective online handwashing intervention called Germ Defense.Methods: Three revised versions of the intervention were rapidly optimized and launched within short timeframes of 1–2 months. Optimisations were informed by: regular stakeholder engagement; emerging scientific evidence, and changing government guidance; rapid qualitative research (telephone think-aloud interviews and open-text surveys), and analyses of usage data. All feedback was rapidly collated, using the Table of Changes method from the Person-Based Approach to prioritize potential optimisations in terms of their likely impact on behavior change. Written feedback from stakeholders on each new iteration of the intervention also informed specific optimisations of the content.Results: Working closely with clinical stakeholders ensured that the intervention was clinically accurate, for example, confirming that information about transmission and exposure was consistent with evidence. Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) contributors identified important clarifications to intervention content, such as whether Covid-19 can be transmitted via air as well as surfaces, and ensured that information about difficult behaviors (such as self-isolation) was supportive and feasible. Iterative updates were made in line with emerging evidence, including changes to the information about face-coverings and opening windows. Qualitative research provided insights into barriers to engaging with the intervention and target behaviors, with open-text surveys providing a useful supplement to detailed think-aloud interviews. Usage data helped identify common points of disengagement, which guided decisions about optimisations. The Table of Changes was modified to facilitate rapid collation and prioritization of multiple sources of feedback to inform optimisations. Engagement with PPI informed the optimisation process.Conclusions: Rapid optimisation methods of this kind may in future be used to help improve the speed and efficiency of adaptation, optimization, and implementation of interventions, in line with calls for more rapid, pragmatic health research methods.
An imaged-based inverse finite element method to determine in-vivo mechanical properties of the human trabecular meshwork
Authors: Pant Anup D. , Kagemann Larry , Schuman Joel S. , Sigal Ian A. , Amini Rouzbeh 
Published: April 2021

Aim/Purpose: Previous studies have shown that the trabecular meshwork (TM) is mechanically stiffer in glaucomatous eyes as compared to normal eyes. It is believed that elevated TM stiffness increases resistance to the aqueous humor outflow, producing increased intraocular pressure (IOP).It would be advantageous to measure TM mechanical properties in vivo, as these properties are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma and could be useful for identifying potential risk factors. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to estimate in-vivo TM mechanical properties using clinically available exams and computer simulations.Design: Inverse finite element simulationMethods: A finite element model of the TM was constructed from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of a healthy volunteer before and during IOP elevation. An axisymmetric model of the TM was then constructed. Images of the TM at a baseline IOP level of 11, and elevated level of 23 mmHg were treated as the undeformed and deformed configurations, respectively. An inverse modeling technique was subsequently used to estimate the TM shear modulus (G). An optimization technique was used to find the shear modulus that minimized the difference between Schlemm’s canal area in the in-vivo images and simulations.Results: Upon completion of inverse finite element modeling, the simulated area of the Schlemm’s canal changed from 8,889 μm2 to 2,088 μm2, similar to the experimentally measured areal change of the canal (from 8,889 μm2 to 2,100 μm2). The calculated value of shear modulus was found to be 1.93 kPa, (implying an approximate Young’s modulus of 5.75 kPa), which is consistent with previous ex-vivo measurements.Conclusion: The combined imaging and computational simulation technique provides a unique approach to calculate the mechanical properties of the TM in vivo without any surgical intervention. Quantification of such mechanical properties will help us examine the mechanistic role of TM biomechanics in the regulation of IOP in healthy and glaucomatous eyes.
The Croatian psycholinguistic database: Estimates for 6000 nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
Authors: Peti-Stantić Anita , Anđel Maja , Gnjidić Vedrana , Keresteš Gordana , Ljubešić Nikola , Masnikosa Irina , Tonković Mirjana , Tušek Jelena , Willer-Gold Jana , Stanojević Mateusz-Milan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPsycholinguistic databases containing ratings of concreteness, imageability, age of acquisition, and subjective frequency are used in psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic studies which require words as stimuli. Linguistic characteristics (e.g. word length, corpus frequency) are frequently coded, but word class is seldom systematically treated, although there are indications of its significance for imageability and concreteness. This paper presents the Croatian Psycholinguistic Database (CPD; available at: 10.17234/megahr.2019.hpb), containing 6000 Croatian nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, rated for concreteness, imageability, age of acquisition, and subjective frequency. Moreover, we present computationally obtained extrapolations of concreteness and imageability to the remainder of the Croatian lexicon (available at: https://github.com/megahr/lexicon/blob/master/predictions/hr_c_i.predictions.txt). In the two studies presented here, we explore the significance of word class for concreteness and imageability in human and computationally obtained ratings. The observed correlations in the CPD indicate correspondences between psycholinguistic measures expected from the literature. Word classes exhibit differences in subjective frequency, age of acquisition, concreteness and imageability, with significant differences between nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. In the computational study which focused on concreteness and imageability, concreteness obtained higher correlations with human ratings than imageability, and the system underpredicted the concreteness of nouns, and overpredicted the concreteness of adjectives and adverbs. Overall, this suggests that word class contains schematic conceptual and distributional information. Schematic conceptual content seems to be more significant in human ratings of concreteness and less significant in computationally obtained ratings, where distributional information seems to play a more significant role. This suggests that word class differences should be theoretically explored.
New records in vascular plants alien to Tenerife (Spain, Canary Islands)
Authors: Verloove Filip 
Published: April 2021

Recent fieldwork by the author in Tenerife, mostly between 2014 and 2019, yielded new records of alien vascular plants.Fifteen taxa (Acacia decurrens,A. mearnsii,Caesalpinia pulcherrima,Ensete ventricosum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. arida,E. cladocalyx,Euryops chrysanthemoides,Ficus elastica,Lippia alba,Pavonia sepioides,Pittosporum tobira, Populus × canadensis,Pyrostegia venusta,Ruellia dipteracanthusandWigandia kunthii) are reported for the first time from the Canary Islands. All were initially introduced on purpose, mostly as ornamentals, and recently started to escape from cultivation. Most of them are ephemerals or only locally established, but nearly all have the potential to naturalise in the future. Thirteen additional species are reported for the first time from Tenerife:Atriplex nummularia,Bellis perennis,Chenopodium probstii,Coccoloba uvifera,Commelina benghalensis,Cuphea hyssopifolia,Eragrostis virescens,Lemna minuta,Malvastrum corchorifolium,Plerandra elegantissima,Psidium guajava,Thunbergia alataandUrochloa subquadripara. Finally, some miscellaneous notes are provided on the presence ofBalanites aegyptiaca,Callistemon viminalis,Grevillea robustaandPassiflora caeruleain Tenerife.
Endoscopic Anatomy of Lateral and Third Ventricles
Authors: Sahana Debabrata , Rathore Lavlesh , Kumar Sanjeev , Sahu Rajiv K 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a safe alternative to ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for certain cases of obstructive hydrocephalus. It has the advantage of not leaving a permanent foreign body in-situ, besides preventing over-drainage and reducing chances of infection. A thorough knowledge of endoscopic anatomy of ventricles is a must for performing various endoscopic procedures.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the endoscopic anatomy of ventricles for educational purpose.

Procedure:
ETV is done using a zero-degree LOTTA endoscope. Right Kocher's point is usually chosen as entry site into ventricle. The scope is negotiated into third ventricle through foramen of Monro. The premammillary membrane is perforated and dilated, thereby communicating the third ventricle to the chiasmatic, interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns. The video was recorded on Karl Storz recording system. It was edited using Imovie software. Photographs labeling was done using Windows PowerPoint 2018.

Conclusion:
Endoscopic anatomy knowledge allows a neurosurgeon to perform ETV safely.
A Rare Case of Wobbly, Psychotic Patient with Frozen Eyes - Anti-AMPA Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Ashok V R , Nagabushana D , Yashwanth G , Mahadevan A , Netravathi M 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Anti α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis. They present with memory, confusion or behavioral changes.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to describe unusual clinical features in a patient with AMPAR-associated encephalitis.

Case:
A 42-year-old female presented to us with bulbar and gait disturbances of three weeks duration and behavioral changes for ten days. She was found to have memory impairment along with psychosis. She had left eye ptosis, restricted eye movements, sluggish deep tendon reflexes, and bilateral cerebellar signs. Her serum and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) AMPAR2 antibodies were strongly positive; CT (computed tomography) chest showed evidence of Thymoma. She was treated with steroids with significant improvement initially but expired within 3 months of diagnosis.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of AMPAR associated encephalitis from India presenting with unique clinical features affecting both the CNS (central nervous system)––(psychosis, ataxia, cognition) and PNS––peripheral nervous system involvement (ptosis, restricted eye movements, bulbar disturbances).
Is “En Masse” Tumor Resection a Safe Surgical Strategy for Low-Grade Gliomas? Feasibility Report on 74 Patients Treated Over Four Years
Authors: Goel Atul , Shah Abhidha , Vutha Ravikiran , Dandpat Saswat , Hawaldar Akshay 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Gliomas are “confined” tumors arising from a named white fiber tract and displacing adjoining “normal” white fibers. The surgical strategy of “en masse” resection of gliomas based on this concept is evaluated.

Objective:
We evaluate the feasibility of the surgical strategy of “en masse” tumor resection for low-grade gliomas arising from the short arcuate fibers.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated our series of 74 patients with low-grade gliomas involving the short arcuate fibers who were operated on between the years January 2016 and June 2019. The tumor resection was done on the premise that gliomas arise from and grew along a specific white fiber tract and the expanding tumor displaced but did not transgress the border formed by adjoining tracts. Although modified as per the situation, an en masse tumor resection strategy was the basis of surgical resection. Intraoperative motor cortical and subcortical mapping was performed in 14 cases. Awake surgery was performed on 11 patients.

Results:
There were 46 males and 28 females. Total/supratotal tumor resection was achieved in 62 (83.8%) patients. Forty-seven patients had an essentially en masse tumor resection. Seventy-one patients improved in their preoperative complaints. The follow-up ranged from 11 to 56 months. Sixty-two patients who underwent a total or supratotal resection were not given any adjuvant treatment. Twelve patients with subtotal resection were subjected to adjuvant radiotherapy with or without additional chemotherapy.

Conclusions:
En masse tumor resection of low-grade gliomas is possible and “safe” based on understanding that gliomas are “confined” tumors and have a well-defined plane of surgical dissection.
Removal of Perirolandic Cavernoma with Direct Cortical Stimulation and Neuronavigation with DTI
Authors: Yeole Ujwal , Gohil Dhaval , Shukla Dhaval , Bhardawaj Suparna 
Published: April 2021

Background and Introduction:
Intraoperative neuromonitoring for eloquent cortical lesions is irreplaceable in present-day neurosurgery.

Objective:
We report a novel technique of combining awake craniotomy with direct cortical stimulation of the motor cortex using the NIM© nerve monitoring system.

Technique:
A 17-year-old boy presenting with focal motor seizures, diagnosed with left perirolandinc cavernoma, underwent awake craniotomy and complete excision under direct cortical stimulation with NIM monopolar stimulator electrode to locate the motor cortex.

Result:
The patient developed transient weakness of handgrip during surgery, which improved by the same day evening. At 3 months follow-up, he could perform all the activities with his dominant right hand.

Conclusion:
Cortical stimulation using a nerve monitoring system is a useful technique in case of nonavailability of standard evoked potential monitoring system for motor cortex mapping.
Utility of Serial Nerve Conduction Studies in the Electrodiagnosis of Guillain–Barre Syndrome
Authors: Mani Arun Mathai , Prabhakar Appaswamy Thirumal , Alexander P T , Nair Aditya , Vijayaraghavan Asish , Shaikh Atif , Benjamin Rohit , Sivadasan Ajith , Mathew Vivek , Aaron Sanjith , Alexander Mathew 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Guillain–Barre syndrome can be electrophysiologically classified into demyelinating and axonal subtypes and nerve conduction studies remain the mainstay in electrodiagnosis. Accurate electrodiagnosis has both therapeutic and prognostic significance and different criteria sets have been proposed for classification.

Objectives:
To electrophysiologically classify GBS patients into AIDP and axonal subtypes according to various published criteria (Cornblath, 1990: Hadden, 1998, Rajabally, 2015), investigate if serial NCS changes the classification, and to identify additional parameters which may support the electrodiagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
In a retrospective study, we included all patients aged 15 to 80 years, admitted with a diagnosis of GBS between August 2015 and July 2017, who had at least two serial NCS. The various published criteria were applied to the two serial NCS and subtype classification along with diagnostic shifts on serial NCS were ascertained.

Results:
At the first test, the established criteria gave a yield of 45.2% to 71% for AIDP, while 29% to 54.8% of patients were classified as axonal GBS. In the second study, there was a change in electrodiagnosis, ranging from 9.6% to 16.1%. The resolution of reversible conduction failure and misclassification of subtypes were the major reason for diagnostic shifts. Sural sparing pattern, facial nerve dysfunction, abnormal blink reflex, and phrenic nerve dysfunction were more common in AIDP.

Conclusions:
Serial nerve conduction studies allow an accurate electrodiagnosis of GBS subtypes, which has both therapeutic and prognostic implications. Also, the use of additional parameters such as blink reflex facial and phrenic nerve conduction may supplement routine NCS.
Determinants of Suboptimal Outcome Following Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Shreedhara A S , Nair Sruthi S , Unnikrishnan Madathipat , Sandhyamani S , Sarma P S , Nair Muralidharan , Sarada C 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Response to thymectomy in myasthenia gravis (MG) is influenced by various patient-, disease-, and therapy-related factors.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 128 patients with MG who underwent maximal thymectomy over 15 years was done to identify the determinants of suboptimal clinical outcome.

Results:
Among the 128 patients, 62 (48.4%) were females with a mean age of 38.97 (12.29) years. Thymomatous MG occurred in 66 (51.6%). Overall improvement from preoperative status was noted in 88 (68.8%) patients after mean follow-up of 51.68 (33.21) months. The presence of thymoma was the major predictor of suboptimal clinical outcome (P = 0.001), whereas age, gender, preoperative disease severity, and seropositive status did not attain significance. Patients with better outcome had received higher steroid dose preoperatively (P = 0.035).

Conclusions:
Suboptimal response after thymectomy occurred in one-third of MG patients, more commonly with thymomatous MG. Relationship of preoperative steroid therapy to remission merits evaluation.
Clinical and Mutation Spectra of Cockayne Syndrome in India
Authors: Narayanan Dhanya L , Tuteja Moni , McIntyre Adam D , Hegele Robert A , Calmels Nadege , Obringer Cathy , Laugel Vincent , Mandal Kausik , Phadke Shubha R 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in ERCC6 or ERCC8 genes.

Aims:
To study the clinical and mutation spectrum of Cockayne syndrome.

Setting and Design:
Medical Genetics Outpatient Department of Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. This was a prospective study from 2007 to 2015.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical details were recorded, and sequencing of ERCC6 and ERCC8 were performed.

Results and Conclusions:
Of the six families, one family had a homozygous mutation in ERCC8 and the other five families had homozygous mutations in ERCC6. Novel variants in ERCC6 were identified in four families. Phenotypic features may vary from severe to mild, and a strong clinical suspicion is needed for diagnosis during infancy or early childhood. Hence, molecular diagnosis is needed for confirmation of diagnosis in a child with a suspicion of Cockayne syndrome. Prenatal diagnosis can be provided only if molecular diagnosis is established in the proband.
Impact of sleep quality on cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Aggrawal Saurav , Paul Birinder Singh , Singh Gagandeep , Bansal Rajinder Kumar 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Sleep disorders lead to cognitive deficits in healthy people and are thought to have significant impact on cognition in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

OBJECTIVE:
To study the sleep pattern and its relationship to cognitive functioning in non-demented PD cohort.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Sleep was evaluated by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a cohort of PD patients. Comprehensive assessment of cognitive domains including attention, executive functions, short/long-term verbal memory, visual memory, and visuospatial functioning was done by battery of neuro-physiological tests on patients in “ON” state. Based on the component PSQI sleep score, patients were grouped as having "good quality sleep" (PSQI score ≤ 5) or "poor quality sleep" (PSQI score > 5). The demographic profile, disease characteristics, treatment, and cognitive tests were then compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:
Of 130 patients with diagnosis of PD, 85 patients were included. 63 (74.1%) had good sleep quality while 22 (25.9%) had poor sleep quality. Mean age and disease characteristic were comparable between two groups except that females had statistically significant (P = 0.001) poor sleep quality as compared to men. Poor sleep quality had significant effect on cognitive functions including generativity, inhibition, set-shifting, perseveration, and attention but there was no impact of sleep on verbal memory, visual memory, and visuospatial abilities.

CONCLUSION:
PD patients with poor sleep quality on PSQI questionnaire should be carefully screened for presence of any cognitive impairment especially executive impairment, as these two may be inter-related. Intervention to improve sleep would have far reaching benefits to improve the quality of life of PD patients.