bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect wing 3D printing
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Nagai Hiroto , Suto Kai , Ogawa Naoki , Seong Young ah , Tachi Tomohiro , Niiyama Ryuma , Kawahara Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInsects have acquired various types of wings over their course of evolution and have become the most successful terrestrial animals. Consequently, the essence of their excellent environmental adaptability and locomotive ability should be clarified; a simple and versatile method to artificially reproduce the complex structure and various functions of these innumerable types of wings is necessary. This study presents a simple integral forming method for an insect-wing-type composite structure by 3D printing wing frames directly onto thin films. The artificial venation generation algorithm based on the centroidal Voronoi diagram, which can be observed in the wings of dragonflies, was used to design the complex mechanical properties of artificial wings. Furthermore, we implemented two representative functions found in actual insect wings: folding and coupling. The proposed crease pattern design software developed based on a beetle hindwing enables the 3D printing of foldable wings of any shape. In coupling-type wings, the forewing and hindwing are connected to form a single large wing during flight; these wings can be stored compactly by disconnecting and stacking them like cicada wings.
Early prediction of developing spontaneous activity in cultured neuronal networks
Authors: Cabrera-Garcia David , Warm Davide , de la Fuente Pablo , Fernández-Sánchez M. Teresa , Novelli Antonello , Villanueva-Balsera Joaquín M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSynchronization and bursting activity are intrinsic electrophysiological properties of in vivo and in vitro neural networks. During early development, cortical cultures exhibit a wide repertoire of synchronous bursting dynamics whose characterization may help to understand the parameters governing the transition from immature to mature networks. Here we used machine learning techniques to characterize and predict the developing spontaneous activity in mouse cortical neurons on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) during the first three weeks in vitro. Network activity at three stages of early development was defined by 18 electrophysiological features of spikes, bursts, synchrony, and connectivity. The variability of neuronal network activity during early development was investigated by applying k-means and self-organizing map (SOM) clustering analysis to features of bursts and synchrony. These electrophysiological features were predicted at the third week in vitro with high accuracy from those at earlier times using three machine learning models: Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, Support Vector Machines, and Random Forest. Our results indicate that initial patterns of electrical activity during the first week in vitro may already predetermine the final development of the neuronal network activity. The methodological approach used here may be applied to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the complex dynamics of spontaneous activity in developing neuronal cultures.
A new digital evaluation protocol applied in a retrospective analysis of periodontal plastic surgery of gingival recessions
Authors: Marques Tiago , Santos N. M. , Fialho Joana , Montero J. , Correia A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research aimed to develop a new digital evaluation protocol to objectively quantify the volumetric changes of root coverage periodontal plastic surgery when combined with connective tissue graft. Consecutive patients with Cairo recession type 1 (RT1) or Cairo recession type 2 (RT2) were treated. Accurate study models obtained at baseline and follow-ups were optically scanned. Healing dynamics were measured by calculating volume differences between time points. Nineteen patients were treated between December 2014 and January 2019. At 3-month follow-up, root coverage was 95.6% (± 14.5%) with tunnel and connective tissue graft (TUN + CTG) technique, and 88.9% (± 20.5%) with the vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access and connective tissue graft (VISTA + CTG) technique. Recession decreased 1.33 (± 0.86) mm and 1.42 (± 0.92) mm, respectively (p = 0.337). At 6-month follow-up, root coverage was 96.5% (± 10.4%) with the TUN + CTG and 93.9% (± 10.3%) with the VISTA + CTG. Recession decreased 1.35 (± 0.85) mm and 1.45 (± 0.82) mm, respectively (p = 0.455). Complete root coverage was achieved in 86.7% (± 0.4%) with TUN + CTG and 70.6% (± 0.5%) with VISTA + CTG. No statistically significant differences were found between techniques. The digital protocol presented proved to be a non-invasive technique for accurate measurements of clinical outcomes. Both techniques reduce gingival recessions, with no statistically significant differences.
Deforestation is the turning point for the spreading of a weedy epiphyte: an IBM approach
Authors: Chaves Cleber Juliano Neves , Leal Bárbara Simões Santos , Rossatto Davi Rodrigo , Berger Uta , Palma-Silva Clarisse 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapid spread of many weeds into intensely disturbed landscapes is boosted by clonal growth and self-fertilization strategies, which conversely increases the genetic structure of populations. Here, we use empirical and modeling approaches to evaluate the spreading dynamics ofTillandsia recurvata(L.) L. populations, a common epiphytic weed with self-reproduction and clonal growth widespread in dry forests and deforested landscapes in the American continent. We introduce the TRec model, an individual-based approach to simulate the spreading ofT. recurvataover time and across landscapes subjected to abrupt changes in tree density with the parameters adjusted according to the empirical genetic data based on microsatellites genotypes. Simulations with this model showed that the strong spatial genetic structure observed from empirical data inT. recurvatacan be explained by a rapid increase in abundance and gene flow followed by stabilization after ca. 25 years. TRec model’s results also indicate that deforestation is a turning point for the rapid increase in both individual abundance and gene flow amongT. recurvatasubpopulations occurring in formerly dense forests. Active reforestation can, in turn, reverse such a scenario, although with a milder intensity. The genetic-based study suggests that anthropogenic changes in landscapes may strongly affect the population dynamics of species with ‘weedy’ traits.
Optimal strategy to certify quantum nonlocality
Authors: Gómez S. , Uzcátegui D. , Machuca I. , Gómez E. S. , Walborn S. P. , Lima G. , Goyeneche D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCertification of quantum nonlocality plays a central role in practical applications like device-independent quantum cryptography and random number generation protocols. These applications entail the challenging problem of certifying quantum nonlocality, something that is hard to achieve when the target quantum state is only weakly entangled, or when the source of errors is high, e.g. when photons propagate through the atmosphere or a long optical fiber. Here we introduce a technique to find a Bell inequality with the largest possible gap between the quantum prediction and the classical local hidden variable limit for a given set of measurement frequencies. Our method represents an efficient strategy to certify quantum nonlocal correlations from experimental data without requiring extra measurements, in the sense that there is no Bell inequality with a larger gap than the one provided. Furthermore, we also reduce the photodetector efficiency required to close the detection loophole. We illustrate our technique by improving the detection of quantum nonlocality from experimental data obtained with weakly entangled photons.
Integrin activation is an essential component of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Simons Peter , Rinaldi Derek A. , Bondu Virginie , Kell Alison M. , Bradfute Steven , Lidke Diane S. , Buranda Tione 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection depends on binding its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S protein expresses an RGD motif, suggesting that integrins may be co-receptors. Here, we UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and fluorescently labeled the envelope membrane with octadecyl rhodamine B (R18) to explore the role of integrin activation in mediating cell entry and productive infection. We used flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to show that SARS-CoV-2R18particles engage basal-state integrins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Mn2+, which induces integrin extension, enhances cell entry of SARS-CoV-2R18. We also show that one class of integrin antagonist, which binds to the αI MIDAS site and stabilizes the inactive, closed conformation, selectively inhibits the engagement of SARS-CoV-2R18with basal state integrins, but is ineffective against Mn2+-activated integrins. RGD-integrin antagonists inhibited SARS-CoV-2R18binding regardless of integrin activation status. Integrins transmit signals bidirectionally: 'inside-out' signaling primes the ligand-binding function of integrins via a talin-dependent mechanism, and 'outside-in' signaling occurs downstream of integrin binding to macromolecular ligands. Outside-in signaling is mediated by Gα13. Using cell-permeable peptide inhibitors of talin and Gα13binding to the cytoplasmic tail of an integrin's β subunit, we demonstrate that talin-mediated signaling is essential for productive infection.
The feasibility of deep learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced CT from nonenhanced CT in emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain
Authors: Kim Se Woo , Kim Jung Hoon , Kwak Suha , Seo Minkyo , Ryoo Changhyun , Shin Cheong-Il , Jang Siwon , Cho Jungheum , Kim Young-Hoon , Jeon Kyutae 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur objective was to investigate the feasibility of deep learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced CT (DL-SCE-CT) from nonenhanced CT (NECT) in patients who visited the emergency department (ED) with acute abdominal pain (AAP). We trained an algorithm generating DL-SCE-CT using NECT with paired precontrast/postcontrast images. For clinical application, 353 patients from three institutions who visited the ED with AAP were included. Six reviewers (experienced radiologists, ER1-3; training radiologists, TR1-3) made diagnostic and disposition decisions using NECT alone and then with NECT and DL-SCE-CT together. The radiologists’ confidence in decisions was graded using a 5-point scale. The diagnostic accuracy using DL-SCE-CT improved in three radiologists (50%, P = 0.023, 0.012, < 0.001, especially in 2/3 of TRs). The confidence of diagnosis and disposition improved significantly in five radiologists (83.3%, P < 0.001). Particularly, in subgroups with underlying malignancy and miscellaneous medical conditions (MMCs) and in CT-negative cases, more radiologists reported increased confidence in diagnosis (83.3% [5/6], 100.0% [6/6], and 83.3% [5/6], respectively) and disposition (66.7% [4/6], 83.3% [5/6] and 100% [6/6], respectively). In conclusion, DL-SCE-CT enhances the accuracy and confidence of diagnosis and disposition regarding patients with AAP in the ED, especially for less experienced radiologists, in CT-negative cases, and in certain disease subgroups with underlying malignancy and MMCs.
Intact context memory performance in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Justus Sidni A. , Powell Patrick S. , Duarte Audrey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) finds increased difficulty encoding contextual associations in episodic memory and suggests executive dysfunction (e.g., selective attention, cognitive flexibility) and deficient metacognitive monitoring as potential contributing factors. Findings from our lab suggest that age-related impairments in selective attention contribute to those in context memory accuracy and older adults tended to show dependence in context memory accuracy between relevant and irrelevant context details (i.e., hyper-binding). Using an aging framework, we tested the effects of selective attention on context memory in a sample of 23 adults with ASD and 23 typically developed adults. Participants studied grayscale objects flanked by two types of contexts (color, scene) on opposing sides and were told to attend to only one object-context relationship, ignoring the other context. At test, participants made object and context recognition decisions and judgment of confidence decisions allowing for an evaluation of context memory performance, hyper-binding, and metacognitive performance for context judgments in a single task. Results showed that adults with ASD performed similarly to typically developed adults on all measures. These findings suggest that context memory performance is not always disrupted in adults with ASD, even when demands on selective attention are high. We discuss the need for continued research to evaluate episodic memory in a wider variety of adults with ASD.
Detection of micro inclusions in steel sheets using high-frequency ultrasound speckle analysis
Authors: Kim Yeonggeun , Kim Jongbeom , Ahn Joongho , Han Moongyu , Lim Hae Gyun , Lee Ki Jong , Lee Juseung , Kim Chulhong , Kim Hyung Ham 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the increasing need for steel sheet quality assurance, the detection of micro-scaled inclusions in steel sheets has become critical. Many techniques have been explored to detect inclusions, e.g., visual inspection, radiography, magnetic testing, and ultrasound. Among these methods, ultrasound (US) is the most commonly used non-destructive testing (NDT) method due to its ease of use and deep penetration depth. However, ultrasound currently cannot be used for detecting the micro-scaled inclusions due to low spatial resolution, e.g., less than 30 μm, which are the key important factors causing the cracks in the high-quality steel sheets. Here, we demonstrate a high-resolution US imaging (USI) using high-frequency US transducers to image micro inclusions in steel sheets. Our system utilizes through-transmission USI and identifies ultrasound scattering produced by the inclusions. We first ultrasonically imaged the artificial flaws induced by the laser on the steel sheet surface for validating the system. We then imaged the real inclusions in the steel sheets formed during manufacturing processes and analyzed them to derive quantitative parameters related to the number of micro-scaled inclusions. Our results confirm that inclusions less than 30 μm can be identified using our high-resolution USI modality and has the potential to be used as an effective tool for quality assurance of the steel sheets.
The severity of adverse drug reactions and their influencing factors based on the ADR monitoring center of Henan Province
Authors: Yan Ziqi , Feng Zhanchun , Jiao Zhiming , Chen Chaoyi , Wang Ganyi , Feng Da 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) may be a serious public health problem and have received widespread attention in recent years. This study has analyzed the factors leading to the occurrence of serious ADRs (SADRs), determined the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with severe adverse reactions at different levels of medical institutions, and finally made corresponding recommendations for the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of SADRs. We used descriptive analysis and chi-square test to analyze the year, age, gender, proportion of SADRs, and the results of the ADRs in the report. Use the logistic regression to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of SADRs in different levels of medical institutions. A total of 387 642 people’s 394 037 ADRs were collected from the Henan Provincial Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from 2016 to 2020. Among them 35 742 cases of serious ADRs (9.1%), 96.1% were eventually relieved or cured, but 39 cases of SADRs caused death. The main causes of death included hemorrhages, organ failure, and allergies. Age, number of medication and illnesses, level of medical institution, history of adverse reactions, and type and method of medication were all factors that affected the severity of ADR. The prognosis of SADRs is worse than normal ADRs. The ADRs in autumn and winter and new adverse reactions are unique risk factors found in this study. The elderly and patients with multiple diseases or taking multiple drugs should pay attention to their adverse reactions. They should be closely observed within a week after taking the medicine. The supervision of patients with a history of allergies and new adverse reactions should be strengthened by primary medical institutions, and in nonprimary medical institutions should paid attention with past medical histories, and use imported drugs and biological agents with caution to ensure the safety and health of patients.
Valorization of products from grounded-coffee beans
Authors: Gouws Shawn , Muller Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe valorisation of ground coffee beans is discussed in two parts; the first research question relates to the extraction of cold brew from ground coffee beans to provide a healthy cold beverage. Two parameters were investigated: temperature, and the ratio of ground coffee beans to water. This work suggests that cold brew coffee can be extracted between 15 and 20 °C over 2 to 4 h instead of 24 h as outlined in typical cold brew extraction processes. The coffee aroma was the response variable. Part of this investigation was to develop a downstream product from the waste spent grounded coffee bean. This part of the study investigates the production of firelighters from spent ground coffee beans to reduce the impact of dumping significant quantities of spent coffee grounds from coffee houses, restaurants, and baristas on landfill sites, which can lead to environmental problems such as polluting water systems, killing wildlife and disturbing ecosystems. The study used spent ground coffee beans in products such as firelighters to test their efficacy. This application has shown promising results, with the firelighters showing longer burning times for the ignition of log fires while also emitting a gentle, pleasant coffee aroma.
Counseling and Care Partner Training in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Schaffer Kristin M. , Henry Maya L. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeIndividuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) experience loss of communication abilities in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, many individuals with PPA endorse negative psychosocial effects, including social isolation, reduced communication confidence, and depression. Incorporating communication-centered counseling early and often within the speech-language pathology treatment framework is a vital component in holistically addressing the multifaceted ramifications of living with this devastating disorder. Additionally, care partners are key stakeholders in the treatment dynamic. Involving these individuals in the treatment paradigm through care partner training is crucial for facilitating optimal communication in daily life. The purpose of this narrative literature review is to discuss existing research regarding counseling and care partner training in PPA and to outline additional treatment considerations and future research needs in this understudied area.ConclusionsRelative to studies that delineate restitutive speech-language interventions for PPA, the literature pertaining to counseling and care partner training is limited. Available evidence supports the utility of these approaches, which serve as complementary components to restitutive and compensatory speech-language intervention. Additional research is warranted to support generalizability and long-term benefit of these interventions, and to address facets of counseling and care partner training that have not been explored in PPA (e.g., counseling interventions drawing from specific psychotherapeutic traditions; multicultural counseling) or have only been explored to a limited degree (e.g., interventions that jointly provide counseling and partner training).
A high-spectral-resolution catalog of emission lines in the visible spectrum of comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
Authors: Cambianica P. , Cremonese G. , Munaretto G. , Capria M. T. , Fulle M. , Boschin W. , Di Fabrizio L. , Harutyunyan A. 
Published: October 2021

Aims. Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) is considered to be the brightest comet observed in the northern hemisphere since the passage of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) in 1997. Since the study of comets offers a unique opportunity to investigate the early stages of the formation and evolution of our Sun and the Solar System, we obtained high-resolution optical spectra (R = λ/Δλ = 11 5000) of comet NEOWISE. The unique passage and its brightness yielded spectra with a large number of emission lines, providing information on the coma composition and the physical and chemical processes occurring in the nucleus. The spectra have been used to generate a catalog of emission lines to be used for future studies of comets since there are no catalogs in the literature with such a high spectral resolution.
Methods. Two high-resolution spectra of comet NEOWISE were obtained, on 26 July 2020 (geocentric distance of 0.7 AU) and 5 August 2020 (geocentric distance of 0.89 AU), with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere (HARPS-N) echelle spectrograph installed on the 360 cm Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. The spectra cover the range between 383 and 693 nm, and have been extracted using the HARPS-N Data Reduction Pipeline. To analyze the spectra and compile the high-resolution catalog, we collected several laboratory molecular line lists that cover the same wavelength range as that of our spectra. To validate the final identification, we compared our catalog with other atlases that resulted from the spectral analysis of other comets.
Results. We generate a high-spectral-resolution catalog of emission lines observed in comet NEOWISE, providing the identification for 4488 lines. We found cometary lines due to CN, CH, C2, C3, and NH2 and atomic lines due to NaI and [OI].