bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary share of ultra-processed foods and its association with vitamin E biomarkers in Brazilian lactating women
Authors: Amorim Natália C. M. , Silva Ana G. C. L. da , Rebouças Amanda S. , Bezerra Danielle S. , Lima Mayara S. R. , Medeiros Jeane F. Pires , Liberalino Laura Camila P. , Dimenstein Roberto , Ribeiro Karla D. da S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite evidence showing that the intake of ultra-processed food has a negative impact on health, diet quality and dietary vitamin E, its impact on vitamin E nutritional status and breast milk remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on vitamin E biomarkers of lactating women. A cross-sectional study was performed with 294 lactating women. Food consumption was obtained by 24-h dietary recall, and foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Levels ofα-tocopherol were analysed by HPLC. Breast milk vitamin E (BMVE) adequacy was based on the quantity of the vitamin in the estimated intake volume. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the tertiles and linear regression to association between ultra-processed food consumption and biomarkers. Ultra-processed foods accounted for 16 % of energy intake and vitamin E intakes by all women were considered low. Serumα-tocopherol was 26·55 (sd7·98) µmol/l, 5 % (n11) showed inadequate vitamin E (< 12 µmol/l) and 78 % had an inadequate BMVE content (< 4 mg/780 ml). The regression showed that a higher dietary share of ultra-processed foods was associated with lower concentrations of serumα-tocopherol (β= –0·168, 95 % CI –0·047, 0·010,P= 0·003) and inadequate BMVE content (β= –0·144, 95 % CI = –0·505, 0·063,P= 0·012) (adjustment for income and maternal age). Thus, higher dietary shares of ultra-processed foods had an impact on vitamin E biomarkers, suggesting that inadequate dietary intake practices during lactation may reduce the supply of vitamin E to women and breast milk.
Design of a wheeled wall climbing robot based on the performance of bio-inspired dry adhesive material
Authors: Li Hongkai , Sun Xianfei , Chen Zishuo , Zhang Lei , Wang Hongchao , Wu Xing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInspired by gecko’s adhesive feet, a wheeled wall climbing robot is designed in this paper with the synchronized gears and belt system acting as the wheels by considering both motion efficiency and adhesive capability. Adhesion of wheels is obtained by the bio-inspired adhesive material wrapping on the outer surface of wheels. A ducted fan mounted on the back of the robot supplies thrust force for the adhesive material to generate normal and shear adhesion force whilemoving on vertical surfaces. Experimental verification of robot climbing on vertical flat surface was carried out. The stability and the effect of structure design parameters were analyzed.
Behaviors in kindergarten are associated with trajectories of long-term welfare receipt: A 30-year population-based study
Authors: Vergunst Francis , Tremblay Richard E. , Vitaro Frank , Nagin Daniel , Park Jungwee , Algan Yann , Beasley Elizabeth , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examines the link between behavior in kindergarten and adult-life welfare receipt. Teacher-rated behavioral assessments were obtained for inattention, hyperactivity, aggression–opposition, anxiety, and prosociality when children (n=2960) were aged 5–6 years and linked to their tax return records from age 18–35 years. We used group-based based trajectory modeling to identify distinct trajectories of welfare receipt and multinomial logistic regression models to examine the association between behaviors and trajectory group membership. The child's sex, IQ, and family background were adjusted for. Four trajectories of welfare receipt were identified: low (n = 2,390, 80.7%), declining (n = 260, 8.8%), rising (n = 150, 5.2%), and chronic (n = 160, 5.4%). Relative to the low trajectory, inattention and aggression–opposition at age 6 years were associated with increased risk of following a declining, rising, and chronic trajectory of welfare receipt, independent of hyperactivity and anxiety. Prosocial behaviors were independently associated with a lower risk of following a chronic trajectory. This study shows that kindergarten children exhibiting high inattention and aggression–opposition and low prosocial behaviors may be at increased risk of long-term welfare receipt in adulthood. The implications for early screening, monitoring, and prevention are discussed.
A robust random coefficient regression representation of the chain-ladder method
Authors: Badounas Ioannis , Bozikas Apostolos , Pitselis Georgios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well known that the presence of outliers can mis-estimate (underestimate or overestimate) the overall reserve in the chain-ladder method, when we consider a linear regression model, based on the assumption that the coefficients are fixed and identical from one observation to another. By relaxing the usual regression assumptions and applying a regression with randomly varying coefficients, we have a similar phenomenon, i.e., mis-estimation of the overall reserves. The lack of robustness of loss reserving regression with random coefficients on incremental payment estimators leads to the development of this paper, aiming to apply robust statistical procedures to the loss reserving estimation when regression coefficients are random. Numerical results of the proposed method are illustrated and compared with the results that were obtained by linear regression with fixed coefficients.
Unravelling Surface Seawater DMS Concentration and Sea‐To‐Air Flux Changes After Sea Ice Retreat in the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhang Miming , Marandino Christa. A. , Yan Jinpei , Wu Yanfang , Park Keyhong , Sun Heng , Gao Zhongyong , Xu Suqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe receding of the seasonal ice cover in the Arctic due to climate change has been predicted by models to increase climate‐active biogenic trace gas emissions, specifically those of dimethylsulfide (DMS). However, insufficient DMS measurements are currently available to either support or refute this hypothesis and to fully understand the various responses of oceanic DMS in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean environment. Here, we present high‐resolution surface water DMS data collected in the summer of 2014 in combination with a suite of ancillary variables including sea ice cover, salinity, and nutrients. We show that surface seawater DMS concentrations, generally below 0.5 nmol L−1, remained unchanged in the Canada Basin after sea ice retreat probably due to insufficient nutrients supply to the upper mixed layer and resulting low primary production. Moreover, in the Chukchi shelf region, DMS concentrations decreased following a phytoplankton bloom due to the rapid depletion and slow resupply of nutrients. Although the DMS sea‐to‐air fluxes were not high from a global perspective, they increased by a factor of 4‐fold after sea ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean high latitudes. This increase in DMS flux was mainly driven by increased wind speed. This work provides unique observations and insights on how surface seawater DMS and flux to the atmosphere may change in the future Arctic Ocean.
On the Origin of Discrepancies Between Observed and Simulated Memory of Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Giesse Céline , Notz Dirk , Baehr Johanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate the inherent predictability of sea ice and its representation in climate models, we compare the seasonal‐to‐interannual memory of Arctic sea ice as given by lagged correlations of sea‐ice area anomalies in large model ensembles (Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6) and multiple observational products. We find that state‐of‐the‐art climate models significantly overestimate the memory of pan‐Arctic sea‐ice area from the summer months into the following year. This cannot be explained by internal variability. We further show that the observed summer memory can be disentangled regionally into a reemergence of positive correlations in the perennial ice zone and negative correlations in the seasonal ice zone; the latter giving rise to the discrepancy between observations and model simulations. These findings could explain some of the predictability gap between potential and operational forecast skill of Arctic sea‐ice area identified in previous studies.
A Pronounced Spike in Ocean Productivity Triggered by the Chicxulub Impact
Authors: Brugger Julia , Feulner Georg , Hofmann Matthias , Petri Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is increasing evidence linking the mass‐extinction event at the Cretaceous‐Paleogene boundary to an asteroid impact near Chicxulub, Mexico. Here we use model simulations to explore the combined effect of sulfate aerosols, carbon dioxide and dust from the impact on the oceans and the marine biosphere in the immediate aftermath of the impact. We find a strong temperature decrease, a brief algal bloom caused by nutrients from both the deep ocean and the projectile, and moderate surface ocean acidification. Comparing the modeled longer‐term post‐impact warming and changes in carbon isotopes with empirical evidence points to a substantial release of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. Overall, our results shed light on the decades to centuries after the Chicxulub impact which are difficult to resolve with proxy data.
Detection and Tracking of Chattonella spp. and Skeletonema spp. Blooms Using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) in Ariake Sea, Japan
Authors: Feng Chi , Ishizaka Joji , Saitoh Katsuya , Mine Takayuki , Zhou Zhenjia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlgal blooms dominated by the raphidophyte Chattonella spp. and diatom Skeletonema spp. are a regular summer‐time phenomenon in the Ariake Sea (Japan). Given its high‐temporal frequency, the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) affords us the extraordinary ability to investigate short‐temporal scale dynamic of these blooms. Here we present a bloom detection method and classification criteria named Normalized Difference Red Peak Index (NDRI), which relies on a combination of data from the red wavebands of GOCI, with the spectral shape of remote sensing reflectance ((λ)) around 490 nm [SS(490)] to distinguish bloom pixels from nonbloom pixels. Diurnal changes in the bloom distribution and intensity were successfully captured by the new method with GOCI data. In the next step, an optical discrimination method was developed to differentiate Chattonella spp. from Skeletonema spp. blooms. Specifically, the backscattering at 555 nm of bloom waters was retrieved from a bio‐optical algorithm, , based on the satellite of green and red bands. Combined with the NDRI, bloom species were successfully differentiated in the featured distribution of . Further validations using GOCI images series and local observations indicate that the newly developed algorithm yields robust classification results. Moreover, transitions in Skeletonema spp. and Chattonella spp. blooms were captured in a 20 days time series of daily composite GOCI for July 2018. The successful application of the classification approach to GOCI opens up the possibility of understanding the factors influencing daily changes of harmful blooms in Ariake Sea, which at present is limited by the paucity of field observations.
Taking the Pulse of Salt‐Detached Gravity Gliding in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Evans Sian L. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Oppo Davide 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite having a profound impact on the structural evolution of salt‐influenced basins, spatial and temporal variations in rates of salt flow, and their key controls, remain largely unconstrained. We investigate early stage salt‐detached gliding using a 3D seismic data set from the Levant Margin in the Eastern Mediterranean, where gravitational instability due to margin uplift has caused north‐westward translation of the Messinian salt sheet and its overburden. Large base‐salt anticlines mean that basinward translation is recorded by the development of supra‐salt ramp syncline basins (RSBs) and fluid escape pipes, the latter forming due to the leakage of fluid from the anticline crests. The trails of pipes provide kinematic vectors of transport direction, while the stratigraphic record of the RSBs not only constrains the relative ages of the pipes, but allows us to quantify the magnitude and approximate rate of translation. We correlate intra‐RSB horizons across the margin to analyze lateral variations in translation rate, and how these vary through time. We show that translation rates are broadly uniform on the length‐scale of individual anticlines (c. 10 km), but that there is significant margin‐scale (c. 100 km) lateral variability in both the direction and magnitude of translation. We attribute temporal variations in local rates of translation to cyclical “pulses” of salt flow due to volumetric flux imbalances across the anticlines, while the distribution of elastic strain in the overburden modulates the overall basin‐scale trend. These results demonstrate the importance of local stresses in controlling the local direction and rate of salt flow, and further our understanding of salt and overburden rheology.
Spatially and Geochemically Anomalous Arc Magmatism: Insights From the Andean Arc
Authors: Rosenbaum Gideon , Caulfield John T. , Ubide Teresa , Ward Jack F. , Sandiford Dan , Sandiford Mike 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile most volcanic arcs show a distinctive spatial relationship to subducting plates, there are many examples where volcanoes occur in anomalous locations. These are commonly also geochemically anomalous relative to the composition of more typical subduction‐related rocks. Using Holocene volcanoes in South America as a case study, we document the spatial and geochemical patterns along the Andean volcanic belt. To determine whether spatial variations are also geochemically anomalous, we assess a series of geochemical indices that provide information on the depth and degree of melting, and the role of metasomatic subduction inputs in melt generation. We use these parameters to develop a scoring system, with the lowest and highest scores indicating “typical” and “anomalous” arc melting processes, respectively. Typical arc magmatism is defined as melts generated in the sub‐arc mantle wedge through slab‐derived fluid metasomatism, with or without contributions from subducted sediments. In contrast, we show that anomalous volcanism in South America appears to relate to geometric anomalies in the subducting Nazca plate (e.g., beneath Sumaco, Laguna Blanca and Payun Matru), or to areas affected by variations in mantle flow due to the proximity to the slab edge (Crater Basalt Volcanic Field). By establishing relationships between anomalous magmatism and slab structure, we propose that similar geochemical fingerprints could be used to explore the magmatic response to slab deformation and/or tearing in older arc systems, particularly in cases where the three‐dimensional slab structure is no longer detectable.
Revisiting Global Vegetation Controls Using Multi‐Layer Soil Moisture
Authors: Li Wantong , Migliavacca Mirco , Forkel Matthias , Walther Sophia , Reichstein Markus , Orth René 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe productivity of terrestrial vegetation is determined by multiple land surface and atmospheric drivers. Water availability is critical for vegetation productivity, but the role of vertical variability of soil moisture (SM) is largely unknown. Here, we analyze dominant controls of global vegetation productivity represented by sun‐induced fluorescence and spectral vegetation indices at the half‐monthly time scale. We apply random forests to predict vegetation productivity from several hydrometeorological variables including multi‐layer SM and quantify the variable importance. Dominant hydrometeorological controls generally vary with latitudes: temperature in higher latitudes, solar radiation in lower latitudes, and root‐zone SM in between. We find that including vertically resolved SM allows a better understanding of vegetation productivity and reveals extended water‐related control. The deep(er) SM control for semi‐arid grasses and shrubs illustrates the potential of deep(er) rooting systems to adapt to water limitation. This study highlights the potential to infer sub‐surface processes from remote sensing observations.
Effects of Geophony and Anthrophony on the Underwater Acoustic Environment in the East Siberian Sea, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Han Dong‐Gyun , Joo Jongmin , Son Wuju , Cho Kyoung Ho , Choi Jee Woong , Yang Eun Jin , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Kang Sung‐Ho , La Hyoung Sul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs Arctic warming accelerates, the underwater acoustic environment in the Arctic Ocean is rapidly changing. We present the first results of passive acoustic monitoring in the marginal ice zone of the East Siberian Sea (ESS). A high sea ice concentration (SIC) and seasonal variations in ice cover make the ESS an ideal region to verify how ambient sound levels respond to natural physical processes and anthropogenic activities during summer. Our observations show that the sound level in the ESS exhibits a strong negative correlation with SIC, and the sound level in September, which was higher than that in other months, was 16 dB higher than the annual average. This increase resulted from geophony and anthrophony with the reduction in the SIC, and sound level increased by 13 dB without anthrophony. Our results indicate that ambient sound level in the Arctic Ocean may increase as climate change accelerates sea ice melting.
On Rates of Isopycnal Dispersion at the Submesoscale
Authors: Rossby T. , Omand M. , Palter J. , Hebert D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPast studies of dispersion with float‐pairs have indicated that they may remain close together for much longer when they equilibrate on the same isopycnal, presumably due to the reduced influence of vertical shear. To examine this question more closely, we use a set of 13 and 15 float pair combinations that equilibrated within 0.1 °C (∼σθ = 0.01 kg m−3) of each other on two density surfaces in the main thermocline in a Lagrangian dispersion study. Their average rate of separation after launch was 0.0021 ± 0.0014 ms−1 (∼5.5 km after 30 days). Relative dispersion is accurately expressed by <D2> = 4•106 exp (t/10.8) m2 from start to about 30 days. Relative diffusivity (K) versus separation dropped well below the classical 4/3rds power law settling out at about 2–3 m2s−1 for separations less than ∼6 km, far lower than results from other float studies, but in accord with dye dispersion estimates.
Tidal‐Driven Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Its Influences on the Carbonate System of a Coastal Coral Reef in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Jiang Zong‐Pei , Lv Jiacheng , Li Quanlong , Dai Minhan , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Zheng Nan , Fan Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe driving mechanisms of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in Sanya Bay in the northern South China Sea were investigated using a combination of time‐series observation and modeling, as well as the influences of SGD on the carbonate system of a coastal coral reef. SGD flux, characterized by high variability on flood‐ebb and spring‐neap tidal cycles, was found to be mainly driven by tidal pumping. SGD posed more significant impacts on coastal water at the ebb phase during the spring tide (higher SGD flux and extended offshore reach of SGD impact), with nearshore water to be more heavily affected. Under the influence of SGD, the diurnal ranges of the carbonate variables observed in the coral reef system were 124 – 313 μmol kg−1 for dissolved inorganic carbon, 29 – 101 μmol kg−1 for total alkalinity, 179 – 717 μatm for partial pressure of CO2, and 0.20 – 0.45 for pH. The variations of the CO2 system were dominated by the enhanced SGD input during the spring tide, while biological metabolism of coral reef played a predominant role during the neap tide. The intensified SGD input resulted in higher diurnal variations of the carbonate variables, enhanced acidification, and oceanic CO2 emission during the spring tide. The SGD‐associated inorganic carbon flux is an additional stressor influencing coastal acidification in the context of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transfusion in immune non-responders with AIDS: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Zhang Zheng , Xu Ruonan , Wang Xicheng , Shu Zhanjun , Chen Xiejie , Wang Siyu , Liu Jiaye , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Li , Zhang Mi , Yang Wei , Wang Ying , Huang Huihuang , Tu Bo , Liang Zhiwei , Li Linghua , Li Jingxin , Hou Yuying , Shi Ming , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examined the safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) infusion for immune non-responder (INR) patients with chronic HIV-1 infection, who represent an unmet medical need even in the era of efficient antiretroviral therapy (ART). Seventy-two INR patients with HIV were enrolled in this phase II randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-determination trial (NCT01213186) from May 2013 to March 2016. They were assigned to receive high-dose (1.5 × 106/kg body weight) or low-dose (0.5 × 106/kg body weight) hUC-MSC, or placebo. Their clinical and immunological parameters were monitored during the 96-week follow-up study. We found that hUC-MSC treatment was safe and well-tolerated. Compared with baseline, there was a statistical increase in CD4+ T counts in the high-dose (P < 0.001) and low-dose (P < 0.001) groups after 48-week treatment, but no change was observed in the control group. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a higher cumulative probability of achieving an immunological response in the low-dose group compared with the control group (95.8% vs. 70.8%, P = 0.004). However, no significant changes in CD4/CD8+ T counts and CD4/CD8 ratios were observed among the three groups. In summary, hUC-MSC treatment is safe. However, the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSC treatment to improve the immune reconstitution in INR patients still needs to be further investigated in a large cohort study.
Open challenges for microbial network construction and analysis
Authors: Faust Karoline 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Microbial network construction is a popular explorative data analysis technique in microbiome research. Although a large number of microbial network construction tools has been developed to date, there are several issues concerning the construction and interpretation of microbial networks that have received less attention. The purpose of this perspective is to draw attention to these underexplored challenges of microbial network construction and analysis.
Interactions between m6A modification and miRNAs in malignant tumors
Authors: Han Xiao , Guo Jing , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, the regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors has attracted extensive attention. RNA m6A methylation is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotic cells and regulates RNA transcription, processing, splicing, degradation, and translation. As important biomarkers, miRNAs play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as in the development of anti-tumor drugs. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that m6A modification plays a vital role in regulating miRNA biosynthesis. We, herein, have reviewed the enzyme system involved in m6A methylation and the crosstalk between m6A modification and miRNAs in cancer. In addition, we have discussed the potential clinical applications and possible development directions of this field in the future.