bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil in 2019
Authors: Mohammadi Soudabeh , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Dadkhah Behroz 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim:
Tooth decay as a significant but preventable public health priority continues to be a common disease in developing countries, including Iran, which is particularly prevalent among children. The present study aims to determine dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil, Iran in 2019.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 581 elementary school students selected through cluster random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2019. Demographic data was collected using questionnaire and anthropometric indices (height, weight) were measured using the weighing scale and stadiometer, and dental caries was evaluated using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth index (dmft for primary teeth and DMFT for permanent).

Results:
The mean age of students was 9.61 ± 1.76 years, and 50.8% of them were female. 20.7% (n = 120) were obese, and 19.1% (n = 111) were overweight. The overall prevalence of caries was 74.9% (n = 435) in primary teeth, 72.8% (n = 423) in permanent teeth, and 96.6% (n = 561) in all teeth. The average dmft and DMFT scores were 4.16 ± 3.72 and 1.96 ± 1.76, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between body mass index and dmft (r = −0.146, P < 0.0001) and DMFT (r = −0.111, P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
The findings showed that prevalence of dental caries in elementary school children in Ardabil city is higher than global standards, obese and over-weight children experience fewer caries compared to normal-weight children, and there is a significant relation between not brushing the teeth and dental caries.
Pain perception of children after restorative treatments
Authors: Pascareli-Carlos Aline Maquiné , Martins Laíza Fernandes , Silva Gonçalves Monicque de Silva , Pettorossi Imparato José Carlos , Tedesco Tamara Kerber 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and chemomechanical removal of dental caries have been shown to be safe and effective restorative procedures. However, current literature lacks well-design studies comparing the pain perceived by infants using ART and chemo-mechanical removal techniques.

Aims:
To compare pain perception of children of two techniques (ART vs. chemomechanical removal) of restorative treatments for dental caries removal.

Settings and Design:
A randomized clinical trial with two parallels arms (1:1) was conducted in the cities of Manaus (AM) and Uberlândia (MG), Brazil.

Methods:
Children between 4 and 9 years old were selected. In both groups - ART (n = 20) and chemomechanical caries removal (Papaya® gel) (n = 20) - oximeter measurements (heart rate and blood oxygenation) were performed before the intervention and until the complete removal of the infected caries dentin. At the end of the treatment, a Wong-Baker scale was used to assess pain perception during the procedure. An independent researcher measured, in minutes, the duration of each technique.

Statistical Analysis:
Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the outcome and the explicative variables.

Results:
No statistical difference in pain perception between the two procedures of carious tissue removal was observed. By contrast, a lower heart rate was observed when chemomechanical removal was used (P = 0.013).

Conclusion:
Children that underwent chemomechanical caries removal presented lower heart rate compared to those who underwent ART. However, both techniques showed minimal or absent perceived pain.
Heart Failure and Aortic Stiffening in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: KUŞ Özgür , ŞENSOY Barış , TEMIZHAN Ahmet 
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study aimed to explore a possible relationship between aortic stiffness parameters and diastolic function in patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic diastolic dysfunction, and subsequently, the effect of aortic stiffness parameters on the progression from asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction to clinical diastolic heart failure.
Methods: Seventy-five subjects were enrolled in the study of whom 20 had diastolic heart failure with the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) >50%, 20 had asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction with LVEF>50%, 16 had hypertension with normal diastolic function, and 19 were normotensive healthy subjects. Ascending aorta recordings for measuring aortic strain and distensibility as markers of aortic stiffness were obtained from a spot nearly 3 cm above the aortic valve using 2-D echocardiography under M-mode. Doppler echocardiography and 2-D echocardiographic measurements were used to determine diastolic function.
Results: While no statistically significant difference in aortic strain or distensibility values was observed between the asymptomatic group and the diastolic heart failure group; however, E/E’ values were higher in the heart failure group [12.1 (10.0-17.1) vs. 10.0 (6.2-22.5)] (p=0.014). Aortic strain and distensibility values significantly decreased as E/E’ values increased (r = −0.416; p < 0.001 and r = −0.576; p < 0.001, respectively) for pooled data from all groups.
Conclusion: Although aortic stiffness parameters did not have a direct effect on the progression from asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction to diastolic heart failure, echocardiographic monitoring of these parameters may be beneficial in identifying patients who would progress to clinical heart failure from diastolic dysfunction.
Formulation and evaluation of Kirinyuh Leaf effervescent granules (Chromolaena Odorata. L) as an antioxidant
Authors: Gustaman Firman , Idacahyati Keni , Wulandari Winda Trisna 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Kirinyuh leaf is a widely grown plant in Indonesia, containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. Flavonoids are compounds that can capture free radicals or act as natural antioxidants. Effervescent granules can mask the bitter taste and simplify the dissolving process without involving manual stirring.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to make and evaluate a formulation of effervescent granules of Kirinyuh leaf extract.
Methods: The granule method was carried out by the wet granulation method. Granule evaluation included organoleptic test, water content test, dissolve time test, flow time test, pH test, and hedonic test.
Results: Organoleptic test results showed similar granule size, slightly brownish colour, and characteristics of Kirinyuh leaf odour. When examining their quality, the granules produced met the requirements, with moisture content between 0.4% and 0.7%, dissolving time of 30-35 seconds, flow time test of 8-8.5 g/second, and pH of 5.6-5.8; the results of the hedonic test showed that the effervescent granule preparation was much preferred.
The potential effect of the green coffee extract on reducing atherogenic index in hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Christianty Fransiska Maria , Fajrin Fifteen Aprila , Roni Andrean 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The high prevalence of dyslipidemia triggers the development of green coffee supplement products, which are claimed as cholesterol-lowering and slimming agents. Nonetheless, research data on the effect of taking green coffee supplement products, especially regarding cardiovascular function, is limited.
Aims: To determine the potential effect of green coffee extract (GCE) on improving atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiac histopathology in hyperlipidemic rats.
Methods: 24 rats were induced by high-fat feed for 21 days. Then, the rats were treated with a GCE, dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bodyweight for 14 days. The next day, blood was collected from the rats to take measurements of their serum lipid profile and calculating their AIP. The heart organ was created by using histopathological preparations.
Results: Administration of GCE in all doses significantly reduced the AIP and improved cardiac histopathology in the hyperlipidemic rats.
Conclusions: GCE can be developed as a cardio-protector.
The influence of extracts and fractions from matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata) on angiotensin I levels
Authors: Purwidyaningrum Ika , Peranginangin Jason Merari , Sahira Iyem 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The matoa plant (Pometia pinnata) leaves can be used to treat hypertension. Matoa leaves are thought to have antihypertensive activity because they contain flavonoids. These flavonoids can reduce blood pressure that is modulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). It is suspected that matoa leaves have antihypertensive activity as they contain quercetin which is a compound that is presumed to be an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
Aims: This study aims to determine which extracts and fractions from matoa leaves are able to decrease angiotensin I levels.
Methods: The extraction was done by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent and fractionated by a liquid method using an n-hexane fraction solvent, an ethyl acetate fraction, and a water fraction. In this study, 21 male Wistar rats were used as test animals and divided into seven groups: Group I was the normal control, group II was the negative control (CMC-Na 1%), group III was the positive control (Irbesartan), group IV was given matoa leaf extract with 60 mg/200g body weight ratio, Group V was given 2.34 mg/g fraction of n-hexane, Group VI was given ethyl acetate fraction 9.54 mg/200g ethyl acetate fraction, and Group VII was given water fraction 7.98 mg/200g water fraction. The data obtained was analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Levene test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The results showed that the angiotensin I levels induced by angiotensin II were more significant (p < 0,05) than those in the normal and negative groups. The ethyl acetate fraction showed a 23.6% decrease in angiotensin I level, which was close to the 24.8% decrease in the positive group. The extract from the matoa leaves showed a 17.2% decrease in angiotensin I levels which were close to the 20% decrease in the positive group.
The effect of biofilm formation on the outcome therapy of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) patients in the outpatient clinic and inpatient ward of Dr Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta
Authors: Puspitasari Ika , Nuryastuti Titik , Asdie Rizka Humardewayanti , Sinorita Hemi , Umaroh4 Nusaibah , Hapsari Wahyu Tri 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease with incidence rate of about 1.5 – 2.3% per annum with the most complication is Diabetic Foot Infections (DFIs).
Aim: This research was conducted to describe the bacteria responsible for biofilm formation and its ability to cause DFIs in biofilm formation at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital as well as the therapy outcome.
Methods: This research was conducted from September to November 2017. Specimens of samples were obtained from wound swabs of DFIs patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (31 outpatients and 15 inpatients), and were then tested for culture and sensitivity and their ability to form biofilms.
Results: The DFIs with the biofilm-producing bacteria (weak to moderate) have a different outcome compared to DFIs patients without biofilms.
Effectiveness of combination of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) and Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya L.) in reducing blood sugar levels of diabetic rats
Authors: Ayuwardani Novi , Hariningsih Yetti 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract contain flavonoids that can lower blood sugar levels.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic effectiveness of moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract and the effective dose of moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract in reducing blood sugar levels.
Methods: This study used 24 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by giving rats glucose 10% for four days. Measurement of blood sugar levels was carried out on the 0th, 5th, 8th, and 15th days. The pre-test (T1) and post-test (T2 and T3) blood sugar levels were measured, as well as the percentage of reduction at T2 and T3.
Results: The result was that the treatment group with an extract combination of 700:500 showed decreased blood sugar levels on day 15 (57.24%), indicating antidiabetic effectiveness of the extract combination.
Comparing the quality of life of neuropathic patients treated with gabapentin and pregabalin at the neuropathic poly of the NTB provincial hospital in 2019
Authors: Qiyaam Nurul , Nopitasari Baiq Leny , Muhajiji Haerul 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Neuropathic pain is caused by the malfunctioning of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. This pain is chronic and so it disrupts a patient’s quality of life which can lead to them becoming frustrated.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life of neuropathic patients using either gabapentin or pregabalin at the neuropathic clinic of the Regional General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2019.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique that was used was purposive sampling which was carried out by filling out the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS questionnaires.
Results: The results showed no significant difference between the quality of life of the patients using gabapentin and the patients using pregabalin as the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire had a value of p = 0.683. There was no significant difference between the quality of life between the gabapentin and pregabalin groups using the EQ-VAS questionnaire which had a value of p = 1.000.
Role of pharmacist in providing drug information and education for patients with chronic diseases during Transition of Care
Authors: Athiyah Umi , Rahem Abdul , Setiawan Catur Dian , Hermansyah Andi 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Community pharmacist can play an active role in improving care for recently discharged patient through provision of information and education and more importantly prevent readmission to hospital.
Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of pharmacist providing drug information and education for discharged patient with chronic disease.
Methods: A survey was conducted between July to October 2019 involving 153 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Patients were purposively recruited from 11 pharmacies in East Java. A questionnaire was used to record patient’s opinion regarding provision of drug information and education by pharmacist. The results were descriptively analysed.
Results: Overall, patients mentioned that pharmacists mainly provided information about how to use the drugs (83%). The education provided by the pharmacist has improved patients’ understanding about their disease state (70%) and influenced the compliance when using the medicine (68%). Patients acknowledged pharmacist’s effort to ensure the positive outcome of the therapy. However, no data has been recorded whether such service may prevent patients from being readmitted to hospital.
Conclusion: Pharmacist is at unique position in the transitions of care. Pharmacist can provide information and education that may contribute to improve patient’s understanding and compliance.
Proximate analysis on animal feed granules composed of raw material from fish innards wastes
Authors: Setyani Wahyuning , Patramurti Christine , Lestari Agatha Budi Susiana , Mcseer Raysha , Gewab Day Stella Maris , Bulu Maria Felix Zita Ina , Kya Maria Regina Lusiana 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Fish innards contain 14.01% protein, 20% lipid, 4.75% ash, and 60.62% water. Fish innards are formulated into granules for practicality in their application as animal feed.
Aim: This research on the proximate analysis of animal feed granules composed of raw material from fish innards wastes used a descriptive quantitative method.
Results: The result indicated that the water content measured using the thermogravimetric method was 6.62%, the ash content observed using the dry ashing method was 10.25%, the protein content checked using the biuret method was 37.03%, fat content using the soxhlet method was 6.13%, and carbohydrate content measured using phenol sulfate method was 26.14%.
Conclusion: These findings show that nutrient contents in the composition of animal feed granules of raw material from fish innards wastes fulfill the regulation of animal feed content based on SNI-8509-2018.
Identification of herbal products used by families in the campus of Darussalam Gontor University
Authors: Fadholah Amal , Istikomah Solikah Ana , Islamanda Cania Sofyan , Jannah Evi Rohana Ma’rufi 
Published: July 2021

Background: The development and the use of herbal medicinal products is increasing in Indonesia.
Aim: To identify the safety of herbal medicine product used by families of Darussalam Gontor University (UNIDA) Gontor.
Method: This research was conducted to identify herbal products that are used based on features, functions, and benefits. The method used was Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) with a qualitative approach.
Results: The results showed there were 100 products used by 72 respondents. The level of product safety used based on raw materials was 96% and the efficacy claimed was 76%. The most type of product used was jamu (Indonesian indigenous traditional medicine) (94.7%). The range of understanding level of of respondents based on features and benefits was between good and very good.
Conclusion: The use of herbal products by respondents can be viewed from the aspect of product safety levels based on raw materials (96%) and efficacy claims (76%). This was still classified as safe.
The remuneration of the community pharmacist in the developing world: the case in Indonesia
Authors: Hermansyah Andi , Sukorini Anila Impian , Rahem Abdul 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The remuneration of pharmacist is critical to ensure sustainability of pharmacist services. There has been limited study about pharmacist remuneration in Indonesia.
Aim: This study aims to investigate pharmacist remuneration system in Indonesia.
Methods: A nationwide community pharmacy survey was conducted involving 7,000 pharmacies. Questions around remuneration models and amounts, types of incentives and other financial benefits structured the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the findings.
Results: Of 2,087 pharmacists participated in the survey, only 1,952 respondents were recorded. More than half of respondents did not receive any particular fees designated to compensate provision of cognitive services. Fixed monthly salary predominantly formed the structure of remuneration system with less than half of the respondents received additional incentives to top up this monthly salary.
Conclusion: The current remuneration system which mainly relies on monthly salary basis may not be sustainable to support provision of pharmacist-led cognitive services.
The evident gap between actual and perceived facilities supporting value-added pharmacy services
Authors: Hermansyah Andi , Setiawan Catur Dian , Riansyah Firqin Fuad 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Whilst there is an emerging need to provide Value-Added Pharmacy Services (VAPS), the facilities in community pharmacy may not be supportive to implement this concept.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the actual and perceived facilities supporting VAPS.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to selected fifty pharmacies in Surabaya Indonesia. Respondents were asked about their agreement towards VAPS and facilities required for providing VAPS. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: All respondents agreed that pharmacy is in need to provide VAPS. In addition, they viewed the presence of facilities supporting VAPS are urgent. However, the availability of such facilities in the actual practice was relatively limited, highlighting underinvestment to provide VAPS.
Conclusion: There is a gap between actual and perceived facilities supporting VAPS. This highlights more investments to upgrade pharmacy facilities.
Description of medication adherence in hypertensive respondents at Mandalika Mataram elderly social centre
Authors: Pradiningsih Anna , Ittiqo Dzun Haryadi , Arianti Neti Puput 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Elderly people are at high risk of non-adherence to hypertensive therapy due to changes in body function and ageing processes.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore medication adherence among hypertensive respondents at the Mandalika Mataram NTB Elderly Social Centre.
Methods: This study is descriptive observational with a purposive sampling technic. The sample consisted of 30 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Modified Morisky Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).
Results: The results showed that adherence among participants was high (23.3%), moderate (56.1%), and low (20.0%). Respondent adherence was associated with the role of health workers in monitoring drug therapy. Non-adherence was several factors, including side effects of the drug, complex drug regimens, and ageing.
Formulation and physical evaluation of facial cream preparations from Ceremai fruit juice (Phyllanthus acidus (l.) Skeels)
Authors: Indriatmoko Danang , Suryani Nani , Rudiana Tarso , Kurniah Mila 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) fruit contains AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acids) compounds which are widely used as a moisturizer or as an exfoliating process in cosmetics production. It also contains vitamin C and flavonoids, both of which acts as whitening agents.
Aim: This study aims to utilise a source of natural AHA active substances found in P.acidus in face cream preparations.
Methods: The juice from P.acidus was dried by freeze-drying method and formulated into a cream with the preparation process evaluated for one month.
Results: The observation results showed that after one month, there was no change in colour during storage, with the pH, viscosity and spreadability of the cream in the range 4.5-6.2, 2700-3996 cps, and 4.8-5.7 cm, respectively.
Conclusion: P.acidus fruit juice containing AHA can be formulated into a face cream with good physical stability.