bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 5‐year data report of traumatic dental injuries in children and adolescents from a major dental trauma center in Greece
Authors: Agouropoulos Andreas , Pavlou Nancy , Kotsanti Marilena , Gourtsogianni Sofia , Tzanetakis Giorgos , Gizani Sotiria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/AimPrevalence and demographic characteristics of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) differ in different countries. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess TDI in primary and permanent teeth among children and adolescents who presented to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, during the last 5 years.Material and MethodsDental records of 236 new patients who presented with dento‐alveolar trauma to the Postgraduate Dental Clinic from 1/1/2014 to 31/12/2019 were reviewed. Data recorded were gender, age, month of the year the injury occurred, type of trauma, and number of traumatized teeth. Injuries were classified as fracture, luxation, or combination injuries. Descriptive statistics, chi‐squared (x2), and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the results. Level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsThe age of the patients ranged from 1 to 18 years old, with a mean of 8.63 years (SD: 3.52). There were 395 anterior traumatized teeth and 2 cases with traumatized posterior teeth. Children suffered trauma more often at the ages of 5 years, 7 years, and 11 years. In this cohort, 60% were boys who had a higher chance of having trauma than girls (odds ratio = 1.418 95% CI = 0.724, 2.777). Most TDI occurred in March and May, followed by June and February, and most traumatized teeth were permanent (80%). Maxillary central incisors in both dentitions were injured most often and significantly more compared to lateral incisors (p < 0 .01). The most common type of injury was a fracture in the permanent dentition (60%) and luxation injuries (69%) in the primary dentition.ConclusionsTraumatic dental injuries in this cohort occurred mostly in spring, affected boys more than girls, permanent teeth more than primary teeth, maxillary incisors more than mandibular incisors, and central incisors more than lateral incisors, while children aged 5, 7, and 11 years old had the most injuries.
A microstructure‐based homogenization model for predicting the low‐cycle fatigue initiation life of GH4169 superalloy
Authors: Yang Mao , Lu Shan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA microstructure‐based homogenization model is proposed for simulating the cyclic plasticity and predicting the low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) crack initiation life of GH4169 superalloy. Classical crystal plastic model (CPM) with a simple softening model is used at the grain level. Then, the transition from grain level to polycrystal level is based on the conservation of virtual work between the two levels. The Eshelby's formulation is applied in the model. Especially, local influences of grain interactions are considered by introducing the external Eshelby's tensor. Relatively precise macroresults and microresults as the finite element method can be provided by the present model with less computational cost. Grain volume averaged fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) with considering the effect of inclusions are formed to predict the LCF crack initiation life, and a fold‐line fitting model is proposed to substitute for the cycle‐by‐cycle simulation. Predicted lives fit well with the experimental data for both the strain loading and stress loading simulations. Scatter of the life can also be predicted by the model and overwhelming influences of the incubation stage on the variability of LCF initiation life can be captured. It is shown that the inclusions and the inhomogeneous plastic strain are responsible for the scatter of the incubation stage.
Does firm‐level political risk influence corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Evidence from earnings conference calls
Authors: Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Jiraporn Pornsit , Jiraporn Napatsorn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExploiting a novel measure of firm‐level political risk based on earnings conference calls, we explore the effect of political exposure on corporate social responsibility (CSR). We show that firms more exposed to political risk invest significantly more in CSR activities. This finding is consistent with the risk‐mitigation hypothesis, which posits that CSR produces moral capital that safeguards the firm in case of a negative event. Hence, firms exposed to more political risk engage in more CSR activities to take advantage of its insurance‐like effect. An increase in political exposure by one standard deviation raises CSR engagement by 27.95%.
Business Elites and European Integration: Really a Honeymoon Story?
Authors: Conti Nicolo' , Marino Bruno , Memoli Vincenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe question whether elites contribute constructively to the process of European integration has become more crucial today in times of increasing Euroscepticism and populist opposition to the European Union in the member states. In this article we venture off beaten paths and focus on a hitherto much less investigated segment of society, business elites, and particularly on their attitudes towards the process of European integration. For this purpose, we focus on a cross‐national survey of business elites with data from ten European countries. We show that levels of support for European integration are uneven across countries. At the same time, applying regression analysis, we find that the ways in which business elites shape their attitudes towards the European Union are not so different from those of public opinion, as individual‐level factors are more influential on their attitudes than are the structural properties of their companies.
The role of child negative emotionality in parenting and child adjustment: Gene–environment interplay
Authors: Shewark Elizabeth A. , Ramos Amanda M. , Liu Chang , Ganiban Jody M. , Fosco Gregory , Shaw Daniel S. , Reiss David , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Leve Leslie D. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEvocative gene–environment correlation (rGE) describes a process through which children’s heritable characteristics influence their rearing environments. The current study examined whether heritable influences on parenting and children’s behavioural outcomes operate through child negative emotionality.MethodUsing data from the Early Growth and Development Study, we examined associations among adoptive parent reports of child anger and sadness at 4.5 years, adoptive parents’ hostile and warm parenting at 6 years and child behavioural problems and social competence at age 7. Birth parent temperament was included to test whether child effects on parents reflect evocative gene–environment correlation (rGE).ResultsChild anger at 4.5 years evoked hostile parenting from adoptive parents at 6 years, which was subsequently related to child problem behaviours at 7 years. Evocative rGE effects were identified for adoptive parents’ hostile parenting.ConclusionsBy employing a genetically informed design, we found that birth parent temperament was related to child negative emotionality. Adoptive parents were sensitive to child negative emotionality, and this sensitivity was linked to the child’s later adjustment.
Reducing depression‐related stigma and increasing treatment seeking among adolescents: randomized controlled trial of a brief video intervention
Authors: Amsalem Doron , Martin Andrés 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundConfronting stigma early in life could enhance receptivity to seeking treatment. We evaluated the efficacy of social contact interventions to reduce stigma toward depression and to enhance treatment‐seeking intentions among adolescents. We hypothesized that the brief video‐based interventions would be more effective than their matched controls.MethodUsing crowdsourcing, we recruited and randomly assigned 1,183 participants aged 14–18 to one of four video‐based stimuli on a 4:4:1:1 ratio: (a) adolescent girl with depression; (b) adolescent boy with depression; (c) same girl, without depression; or (d) same boy, without depression. In each of the ~100‐second‐long videos, two simulated patients (SPs) depicted empowered presenters sharing their personal stories. In the depression conditions, SPs described how social support from family, friends, and professionals helped them overcome their symptoms and recover.ResultsWe found a significant effect for the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) between active and control groups (F = 27.4, p < .001). We found a significant increase in treatment‐seeking intentions, as measured by the General Help‐Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ; p < .001). Secondary analyses revealed that racial (but not gender) congruence between protagonists and participants resulted in greater stigma reduction and treatment seeking, as compared to racially incongruent pairings (t = 2.9, p = .004).ConclusionA brief video‐based intervention effectively reduced stigma toward depression and increased treatment seeking among adolescents. Favorable changes were greater when race (but not gender) was congruent between protagonists and participants. Future studies should explore how to optimize brief contact‐based interventions according to adolescents’ race and ethnicity and how to scale such interventions to novel online platforms of dissemination.
A Theory of Zombie Lending
Authors: HU YUNZHI , VARAS FELIPE 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAn entrepreneur borrows from a relationship bank or the market. The bank has a higher cost of capital but produces private information over time. While the entrepreneur accumulates reputation as the lending relationship continues, asymmetric information is also developed between the bank/entrepreneur and the market. In this setting, zombie lending is inevitable: Once the entrepreneur becomes sufficiently reputable, the bank will roll over loans even after learning bad news, for the prospect of future market financing. Zombie lending is mitigated when the entrepreneur faces financial constraints. Finally, the bank stops producing information too early if information production is costly.
Combination of three‐dimensional placental vascular indices and volume and uterine artery pulsatility index at 10–13 weeks of gestation could improve the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Park In Yang , Wie Jeong ha , Park Ji Hyun , Kwon Ji Young 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether three‐dimensional (3D) placental vascular indices and volumes during the first trimester of pregnancy can be used as predictors of subsequent adverse outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study including women with singleton pregnancies between 10 and 13 weeks. 3D placental volume and vascular indices and uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) were measured. Adverse outcomes were defined whether there was any of the following complications: small for gestational age pregnancy, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia. The serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) levels were also compared. We analyzed the screening performances of these parameters for prediction of any of adverse outcomes.ResultsOf 348 women screened, 300 women were completed follow‐up. Overall, 57 (19.0%) of 300 women developed any of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that gestational age—adjusted z‐scores of log10 placental volume (odds ratio [OR], 0.572; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.416–0.788), log10 placental vascularization flow index (VFI; OR, 0.676; 95% CI, 0.496–0.921), and log10 UtA‐PI (OR, 1.910; 95% CI, 1.335–2.731) were significantly associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. The multivariate model combining placental VFI, placental volume, UtA‐PI, and underweight or obese body mass index exhibited the highest screening performances (AUC = 0.77) and PAPP‐A and β‐hCG did not add any significance to multivariate model.ConclusionsPlacental volume and vascular indices at 10–13 weeks of gestation are significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Combination of these placental indices and UtA‐PI could improve the screening performance for adverse outcomes.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes and placental pathologic examination of 29 SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients in the third trimester of gestation
Authors: Blasco Santana Luis , Miraval Wong Eduardo , Álvarez‐Troncoso Jorge , Sánchez García Laura , Bartha José L. , Regojo‐Zapata Rita M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimOn December 31, 2019, an unknown outbreak of pulmonary disease was reported in China. The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 was the etiologic agent of this disease, and responsible of the current pandemic of COVID‐19. Accumulated evidence on placental features is based most on case‐reports and small case‐series, with differing results.MethodsWe gathered a cohort of 29 infected pregnant mothers who delivered 32 newborns, and had placentas available for pathologic examination. Placentas were compared with a control group.ResultsOf the 29 mothers, clinical and radiological features were similar to what was already described in COVID‐19. Pregnancy modified some analytical parameters. One of the mothers succumbed to the disease. Of the 32 newborns, 1 developed an early infection, with positive reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) at 48 h of life, with an initial RT‐PCR negative. SARS‐CoV‐2 presence was assessed on placental tissue with immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR, both were negative. All newborns had good clinical outcomes. No differences in morphological placental findings were found among both groups.ConclusionLack of statistically significant differences among case and control groups suggest that placentas from SARS‐CoV‐2 infected mothers represent a cohort of normal placentas only submitted because of maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 status. To the best of our knowledge, no irrefutable cases of vertical transmission have been yet described. Other authors have failed to demonstrate presence of viral RNA in placental tissue. Accumulated knowledge suggests that if vertical transmission is possible, it is a rare event.
Clinical Characteristics and Controllable Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Elderly Men with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Chunling , Wang Shufang , Du Mengru , Wei Yihan , Jiang Sheng 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and controllable risk factors of osteoporosis in elderly men with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 250 elderly OP patients with T2DM were included in the present study. Patients with one or more common chronic diseases (including hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, chronic nephrosis, and cirrhosis), and a course of more than 3 years were defined as complicated with chronic diseases. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, glycosylated hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, fasting insulin, liver function, and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 levels were measured. Bone mineral density was also measured.ResultsA total of 16 patients (6.4%) had severe osteoporosis. Furthermore, 66 patients (26.4%) had blood glucose control that reached the standard, while 176 patients (70.4%) used more than two anti‐diabetic drugs. The serum testosterone level was lower than the median in 87 patients (34.8%) and in 56 smokers (22.4%). Furthermore, 138 patients (55.2%) were overweight and obese, six patients (2.4%) were underweight, 197 patients (78.8%) had chronic diseases, 88 patients (35.2%) were sticking to exercise, and 117 patients (46.8%) had less exercise. In addition, 92 patients (36.8%) were treated with osteotrophy‐protective agents, and 24 patients (9.6%) received anti‐osteoporosis therapy. Smoking, poor glycemic control, low testosterone levels, less exercise, and complications with chronic diseases were the most relevant controllable risk factors.ConclusionFor elderly male osteoporosis patients with type‐2 diabetes, smoking cessation, blood sugar control up to the standard, regular exercise, active prevention and treatment of complications, and appropriate testosterone supplementation are necessary for preventing and curing osteoporosis.
Regional variations of sulfur isotope compositions for metallic deposits in South Korea
Authors: Jo Jaeguk , Jeong Youngah , Shin Dongbok 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSouthern Korean peninsula comprises five major geotectonic provinces, throughout which various metallic deposits are distributed. We reviewed sulfur isotope data (n = 1,574) of sulfide minerals collected from previous works for 177 metallic deposits in the provinces to interpret the sulfur isotope characteristics of each province, comprising different wall rocks and geologic settings. The averaged δ34S values of each metallic deposit associated with Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Jurassic granitoids in the Gyeonggi massif and Yeongnam massif range from −7.1 to +10.3‰ (av. +4.5‰) and from −3.6 to +7.8‰ (av. +3.5‰), respectively. The Taebaeksan basin produced the highest δ34S value among the five, −0.4 to +13.2‰ (av. +6.1‰). This was influenced by sulfate sulfur derived from marine carbonate host rock. The Okcheon metamorphic belt, comprising metasedimentary and metavolcanics rocks, shows an isotope range from +1.9 to +8.3‰ (av. +5.7‰). The sulfur isotope distribution of the Gyeongsang basin with a range from −1.2 to +11.7‰ (av. +5.2‰) can be divided into two zones: higher δ34S values from the inner zone related to the volcanic rocks and magnetite‐series Cretaceous granitoids, and lower δ34S values from the outer zone related to the organic‐rich sedimentary rocks. Sulfur isotope variations of metallic deposits in each geotectonic province were mainly influenced by igneous sulfur and inherent wall rock sulfur sources, 32S‐enriched sedimentary sulfur (e.g., Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and biogenic sulfur‐rich sedimentary rocks), and 34S‐enriched seawater sulfur (e.g., carbonates and acid to intermediate volcanic rocks). These wall rocks also contributed to the changes in δ34S values for granitoid rocks and metallic deposits by time, ore genetic type, and ore species in South Korea.
Mapping Malaria by Sharing Spatial Information Between Incidence and Prevalence Data Sets
Authors: Lucas Tim C. D. , Nandi Anita K. , Chestnutt Elisabeth G. , Twohig Katherine A. , Keddie Suzanne H. , Collins Emma L. , Howes Rosalind E. , Nguyen Michele , Rumisha Susan F. , Python Andre , Arambepola Rohan , Bertozzi-Villa Amelia , Hancock Penelope , Amratia Punam , Battle Katherine E. , Cameron Ewan , Gething Peter W. , Weiss Daniel J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As malaria incidence decreases and more countries move towards elimination, maps of malaria risk in low-prevalence areas are increasingly needed. For low-burden areas, disaggregation regression models have been developed to estimate risk at high spatial resolution from routine surveillance reports aggregated by administrative unit polygons. However, in areas with both routine surveillance data and prevalence surveys, models that make use of the spatial information from prevalence point-surveys might make more accurate predictions. Using case studies in Indonesia, Senegal and Madagascar, we compare the out-of-sample mean absolute error for two methods for incorporating point-level, spatial information into disaggregation regression models. The first simply fits a binomial-likelihood, logit-link, Gaussian random field to prevalence point-surveys to create a new covariate. The second is a multi-likelihood model that is fitted jointly to prevalence point-surveys and polygon incidence data. We find that in most cases there is no difference in mean absolute error between models. In only one case, did the new models perform the best. More generally, our results demonstrate that combining these types of data has the potential to reduce absolute error in estimates of malaria incidence but that simpler baseline models should always be fitted as a benchmark.
How to use laser safely in times of COVID‐19: Systematic review
Authors: Lago Andrea Dias Neves , Cordon Rosely , Gonçalves Leticia Machado , Menezes Carlos Felipe Sousa , Furtado Guilherme Silva , Rodrigues Fernanda Cristina Nogueira , Marques Daniele Meire Conde 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo conduct a systematic review of the literature on biosafety with the use of lasers.MethodsThe systematic review of literature was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct and Web of Science databases. The electronic search strategy included terms in the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) related to biosafety in dentistry and laser, forms of contamination with aerosols, as well as their synonyms. The selected keywords were “aerosol virus transmission dentistry,” “laser‐generated air contaminants,” “biosafety dentistry laser” combined with the terms AND/OR.ResultsA total of 1334 abstracts were reviewed, resulting in inclusion of 23 reviews. The dental surgeons are professionals with a high risk of contamination; high‐power lasers form aerosols that need to be controlled and low‐power lasers must be protected to minimize the risks of cross‐infection.ConclusionThe biosafety of using lasers is important for professionals can be more oriented as to the correct use of this equipment. This study has the relevance of showing biosafety measures for the professional, staff and patients, as well as suggesting that more studies that are clinical should be conducted in this area.