bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gli1 Defines a Subset of Fibro-adipogenic Progenitors that Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration With Less Fat Accumulation
Authors: Yao Lutian , Tichy Elisia D , Zhong Leilei , Mohanty Sarthak , Wang Luqiang , Ai Emily , Yang Shuying , Mourkioti Foteini , Qin Ling 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative ability after injury. Mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are necessary, active participants during this repair process, but the molecular signatures of these cells and their functional relevance remain largely unexplored. Here, using a lineage tracing mouse model (Gli1-CreER Tomato), we demonstrate that Gli1 marks a small subset of muscle-resident FAPs with elevated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Upon notexin muscle injury, these cells preferentially and rapidly expanded within FAPs. Ablation of Gli1+ cells using a DTA mouse model drastically reduced fibroblastic colony-forming unit (CFU-F) colonies generated by muscle cells and impaired muscle repair at 28 days. Pharmacologic manipulation revealed that Gli1+ FAPs rely on Hh signaling to increase the size of regenerating myofiber. Sorted Gli1+ FAPs displayed superior clonogenicity and reduced adipogenic differentiation ability in culture compared to sorted Gli1− FAPs. In a glycerol injury model, Gli1+ FAPs were less likely to give rise to muscle adipocytes compared to other FAPs. Further cell ablation and Hh activator/inhibitor treatments demonstrated their dual actions in enhancing myogenesis and reducing adipogenesis after injury. Examining single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of FAPs from normal mice indicated that Gli1+ FAPs with increased Hh signaling provide trophic signals to myogenic cells while restrict their own adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, our findings identified a subpopulation of FAPs that play an essential role in skeletal muscle repair. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Advancement in synthetic strategies of bisdimedones: Two decades study
Authors: Teli Pankaj , Sahiba Nusrat , Sethiya Ayushi , Soni Jay , Agarwal Shikha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBisdimedones have emerged as an important and versatile moiety in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. It is screened as a precursor for the synthesis of several heterocycles such as acridinediones, xanthenediones, thioxanthenes, and benzopyrans that exhibited immense pharmacological as well as industrial applications. Its extensive characteristics have attracted the scientists to develop various protocols for the synthesis of bisdimedones and their derivatives from the reaction of dimedone with several aldehydes under different environmental conditions using various types of catalysts. This review encapsulates the recent progress in the synthesis of bisdimedone derivatives under several reaction protocols such as the use of nanoparticles, ionic liquids, metal salts, simple organic compounds, and catalyst‐free conditions, and so forth in the last 20 years.
Impacts of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation on the intensity and spatial extent of heavy precipitation events in northern Northeast Brazil
Authors: Vasconcelos Junior Francisco das Chagas , Jones Charles , Gandu Adilson W. , Martins Eduardo Sávio P. R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the spatiotemporal variability of Contiguous Extreme Precipitation Events (CEPE) related to Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity during the pre‐wet season and wet season in northern Northeast Brazil for 30 years (1979–2010). Inherent differences in rainy season regimes are associated with northern Northeast Brazil precipitation systems; these are isolated during pre‐wet and wet season and analyse the intensity and the spatial area covered by the CEPE. A daily index of MJO activity and its life cycle were used to identify activity phases during heavy rainfall events. Composite analysis was performed for days with CEPE during the most frequent MJO phases in the pre‐wet and wet seasons. The analysis shows the influence of the MJO on the occurrence of CEPE in northern Northeast Brazil. In the pre‐wet season, the MJO phases 8‐1‐2 affect the occurrence of heavy rainfall events, modifying the atmospheric circulation and water vapour transport over northern South America. Indications of Rossby wave propagation over the South Pacific associated with MJO were found, suggesting tropic‐extratropic teleconnection during occurrences of CEPE in the pre‐wet season. In the wet season, CEPE events are more frequent during MJO phases 8‐2‐3. Conversely, no wave propagation over the South Pacific is observed in the wet season, changes in wind anomalies at high and low atmospheric levels only point to the influence of the MJO via tropical teleconnection. This study may help monitoring and forecasting of very heavy rainfall events in northern Northeast Brazil in pre‐wet season and wet season.
Morphological and physiological responses and plasticity in Robinia pseudoacacia to the coupling of water, nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: Su Bingqian , Wang Lifang , Shangguan Zhouping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: Under the background of drought and nitrogen deposition, global climate change is changing the supply of resources and environmental conditions that are crucial to plant growth, and plants respond to climate change by environmentally induced phenotypic changes.Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the differences in the plasticity responses of the morphological, photosynthetic, fluorescence and antioxidant parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings under water, nitrogen and phosphorus interaction conditions.Methods: We analyzed the above parameters of R. pseudoacacia seedlings using methods of morphological measurements, gas exchanges, fluorescence emission and antioxidant assays under two water levels (75% and 55% of field capacity), four nitrogen levels (no urea; 0.2 g kg−1, 0.4 g kg−1, 0.8 g kg−1), and two phosphorus levels (no superphosphate, 0.6 g kg−1).Results: The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced the morphological parameters, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity of R. pseudoacacia seedlings, and significantly increased nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer inhibited plant growth, and phosphorus (P) deficiency significantly weakened the positive effect of the high nitrogen treatment on morphological parameters under drought stress. The high nitrogen treatment effectively weakened the inhibitory effect of drought and phosphorus deficiency on chlorophyll formation. Proper N and P fertilizers increased the SOD, POD and CAT activities and decreased the MDA content under drought stress. The mean plasticity index of POD and CAT activities in response to water, nitrogen and phosphorus was the highest, which indicated that R. pseudoacacia seedlings can adapt to changes in water and nutrients mainly by adjusting their POD and CAT activities.Conclusions: These results may explain the better survival of R. pseudoacacia under the condition of limited water and nutrient resources, which is helpful for understanding the response mechanism of R. pseudoacacia to changes in environmental factors in the future. The results also provide scientific data and a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and sustainable development of the regional ecological environment.
An evidence‐splitting approach to evaluation of direct‐indirect evidence inconsistency in network meta‐analysis
Authors: Shih Ming‐Chieh , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis (NMA) compares the efficacy and harm between several treatments by combining direct and indirect evidence. The validity of NMA requires that all available evidence form a coherent network. Failure to meet such requirement is known as inconsistency. The most popular approach to inconsistency detection is to compare the direct and indirect evidence for each treatment contrast. Although several models have been proposed to evaluate direct‐indirect evidence inconsistency, there is no comprehensive study on the implications of how these models separate direct from indirect evidence. The main objective of this study is to show that evidence is not properly split into direct and indirect evidence in current inconsistency models, and to propose a novel approach to inconsistency evaluation based on the principle of independence between direct and indirect evidence. We further demonstrated that current models for direct‐indirect evidence inconsistency can potentially lead to misleading conclusions in inconsistency detection and NMA quality appraisal, while our proposed evidence‐splitting model satisfies the principle of independence when splitting the direct from indirect evidence in multi‐arm trials. Moreover, we showed that all these direct‐indirect evidence inconsistency models differ in how the weight of the inconsistency parameter is split between the treatments of interest, yet only the evidence‐splitting model assigns satisfying weights. Finally, we demonstrated how the evidence‐splitting model can be implemented within the structural equation modeling framework. The evidence‐splitting model may be a valuable tool to assess the inconsistency within NMA and evaluate the quality of its evidence.
Anti‐hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of whey protein hydrolysate in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemic rats
Authors: Qi Xiaofen , Chen Haoran , Guan Kaifang , Wang Rongchun , Ma Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHyperuricemia (HUA) is a serious public health concern globally that needs to be solved. It is closely related to gout and other metabolic diseases. To develop a safe and effective dietary supplementation for alleviating HUA, we investigated the effects of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on HUA and associated renal dysfunction and explored their underlying mechanism.RESULTSPotassium oxonate was used to induce HUA in model rats, who were then administered WPH for 21 days. The results showed that WPH significantly inhibited xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase activity in serum and liver, decreased uric acid (UA), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in serum, and increased the UA excretion in urine. In addition, WPH downregulated the expression of urate transporter 1 and upregulated the expression of organic anion transporter 1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G member 2, organic cation/carnitine transporters 1 and 2, and organic cation transporter 1 in kidneys.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrated for the first time that WPH could alleviate HUA by inhibiting UA production and promoting UA excretion, and improve the renal dysfunction caused by HUA. Thus, WPH may be a potential functional ingredient for the prevention and treatment of HUA and associated renal dysfunction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of ultrahigh‐pressure treatment on the functional properties of poly(lactic acid)/ZnO nanocomposite food packaging film
Authors: Cui Rui , Fan Chunli , Dong Xuelan , Fang Ke , Li Lin , Qin Yuyue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDOur living environment is being increasingly polluted by petroleum‐based plastics and there is an increasing demand for biodegradable food packaging. In this study, the effect of various ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) treatments (0, 200 and 400 MPa) on the microstructure and thermal, barrier and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ZnO nanocomposite films was studied.RESULTSThe film‐forming solution was processed using UHP technology. The crystallinity, strength and stiffness of the composite film after UHP treatment increased. In addition, barrier property analysis showed that the UHP treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability (WVP) coefficient of the PLA/ZnO nanocomposite film. Furthermore, the WVP value of the film treated at 400 MPa (50 g kg−1 nano‐ZnO content) was the lowest and reduced by 47.3% compared with that of pure PLA film. The improvement in these properties might be due to the interaction between nano‐ZnO and PLA matrix promoted by UHP treatment.CONCLUSIONSTherefore, the application of UHP technology on the film‐forming solution could improve the crystallinity and functional properties of the nanocomposite film, and has great potential in the production of food packaging films with ideal functions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Responses of soil gross nitrogen transformations to three vegetation restoration strategies in a subtropical karst region
Authors: Li Dejun , Wen Li , Xiao Kongcao , Song Tongqing , Wang Kelin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvestigation of soil internal nitrogen cycles is useful for unravelling the mechanisms responsible for soil nitrogen availability change. Here, gross nitrogen transformations were investigated in a subtropical karst area after 16 years of vegetation restoration. The experiment included four treatments with one control and three restoration strategies, that is: (i) maize‐soybean rotation field (CR, control); (ii) restoration with Toona sinensis (TS); (iii) restoration with Guimu‐1 hybrid elephant grass (GG, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke × Pennisetum purpureum Schumach); and (iv) restoration with Guimu‐1 hybrid elephant grass and Zenia insignis as a mixture (ZG). Soil NH4+ and NO3− responded differentially to three restoration strategies, resulting in no significant change of total inorganic N content following vegetation restoration. Gross nitrogen mineralization (GNM) rate increased by 124.0%, 96.8%, and 60.3% in TS, GG, and ZG, respectively, relative to CR (2.88 ± 0.05 mg N kg−1 d−1). The strongest explanatory variable was microbial biomass carbon for both GNM (R2 = 0.82) and gross nitrification (R2 = 0.66). Dissimilatory NO3− reduction to NH4+ (DNRA) rate in TS or ZG, which was significantly greater than that in CR, was significantly correlated with SOC: NO3− ratio (R2 = 0.61), implying that DNRA was limited by SOC availability. Gross NH4+ immobilization rate, which was highest in GG, and lowest in CR, was best predicted by carbon to nitrogen ratio (R2 = 0.65). However, gross NO3− immobilization rate could not be well predicted by the measured soil properties. Our results suggest that vegetation restoration especially TS significantly enhanced soil N availability as reflected by gross N mineralization rate.
Enhancing diagnostic accuracy using a side‐to‐side cross‐sectional area ratio for the diagnosis of unilateral ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Mamarabadi Mansoureh , Morren John A. , Shook Steven J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeuromuscular ultrasonography (NMUS) is a valuable adjunct to electrodiagnostic testing for the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathy. The aim of this study was to determine whether diagnostic accuracy of NMUS could be enhanced in patients with unilateral ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow (UNE) by utilizing side‐to‐side ulnar nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) ratios.MethodsRetrospective case‐control analysis of unilateral UNE cases identified cutoff values for elbow segment ulnar nerve maximum CSA (MCSA) of the symptomatic/asymptomatic limb (M ratio), as well as side‐to‐side ratios comparing MCSA with ipsilateral CSA at the Guyon canal (E/G), middle forearm (E/F), and middle humerus (E/H). Diagnostic accuracy values were calculated.ResultsThe optimal M‐ratio cut‐off was 1.22 (sensitivity, 92.9%; specificity, 97.8%; accuracy, 95.4%). Optimal cutoffs for inter‐E/G, ‐E/F, and ‐E/H ratios were 1.07 (sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 78%; accuracy, 87.7%), 1.11 (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 80%; accuracy, 87.2%), and 1.18 (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 93%; accuracy, 94%), respectively.DiscussionThe M ratio and inter‐E/H ratio exhibited high diagnostic accuracy for unilateral UNE. Prospective studies are needed to compare the accuracy of the new measures with a single MCSA measurement.
Proportions of Hatchery Fish in Escapements of Summer-Run Chum Salmon in Southeast Alaska, 2013–2015
Authors: Josephson Ronald , Wertheimer Alex , Gaudet David , Knudsen E. Eric , Adams Benjamin , Bernard David R. , Heinl Steven C. , Piston Andrew W. , Templin William D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Alaska salmon hatchery program is intended to supplement salmon fisheries without supplanting wild stocks. Hatchery-origin Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta spend most of their lives interacting with wild salmon, including some degree of straying to spawning streams. Our study was designed and implemented to measure the extent and annual variability of straying by hatchery-produced, summer-run Chum Salmon in Southeast Alaska from 2013 to 2015 by sampling in individual streams to estimate the proportion of hatchery strays. In the sampled index streams, the proportion ranged from 0.000 to 0.854 over the 3 years. Unbiased estimates of the proportions of hatchery-origin fish spawning in each of the three management units ranged from 0.016 to 0.081, and the estimated hatchery proportions spawning across Southeast Alaska ranged from 0.032 to 0.060. The proportion of hatchery strays decreased as the distance from hatchery release sites increased; proportions were highest at streams located within 50 km of the nearest release site. The proportion of hatchery-origin spawners was negatively related to the index of spawning escapement in a stream. A hatchery donor stray rate of 0.8–4.8% was estimated. Hatchery-origin Chum Salmon occur at low levels in most Chum Salmon systems in Southeast Alaska and at higher levels in systems close to hatchery release sites.
Vibration‐based drilling depth estimation of bone
Authors: Dai Yu , Armand Mehran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDrilling is one of the most common forms of tissue removal procedures, and drilling to a desired depth contributes to avoid injury to the soft tissue beyond and ensure implant stability. The deformation of the human musculoskeletal system has been a common problem in many drilling processes, making it difficult to achieve accurate estimation of the drilling depth. To remedy this problem, a dynamic model is presented to describe the relationship between the axial vibration of the drill and the feed rate. During drilling process, the amplitude of the main harmonic is estimated from the high‐frequency component of the acceleration signal, while the short‐time integral of the low‐frequency part is calculated. Both the initial contact of the drilling tool to the bone and breakthrough are identified by comparing either the harmonic amplitude or the short‐time integral. The harmonic amplitude is mapped to the data from a non‐contact position sensor tracking the feed rate of the drill. Multiple drilling experiments on both a handheld device and a robotic cutting system demonstrated the effectiveness, stability and accuracy of the method when estimating depth. The mean maximum error for drilling depth estimation is less than 15% of the simulated bone thickness when using the handheld device, while the mean maximum error is less than 5% for the robotic cutting system.
An Individual Amino Acid as a Possible Prebiotic Catalyst
Authors: Agazani Omer , Tulpin Alon , Reches Meital 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBetter understanding how reactions have been catalyzed in the prebiotic world is important for better realizing how enzymes have evolved. The dominant hypothesis is that the first catalyst was an RNA molecule. It was also assumed that amyloid fibrils, self‐assembled by peptides or proteins, served as the first catalysts. However, debate still exists regarding which process occurred first: the polymerization of RNA or the synthesis of proteins. Here, we show that an individual amino acid, L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), can act as a catalyst. This amino acid is the main constituent of mussel adhesion proteins that function in harsh conditions very similar to plausible prebiotic conditions. By tracing the hydrolysis of two compounds, p‐nitrophenylacetate and acetylcholine, we showed that DOPA catalyzes a reaction; we suggest its role as a prebiotic catalyst.
pH regulation of the first phase could enhance the energy recovery from two‐phase anaerobic digestion of food waste
Authors: Zhao Qing , Arhin Samuel Gyebi , Yang Ziyi , Liu Haopeng , Li Zongye , Anwar Naveed , Papadakis Vagelis G. , Liu Guangqing , Wang Wen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of pH regulation in phase I on hydrolysis and acidogenesis rate, metabolites production, microbial community, and the overall energy recovery efficiency during two‐phase anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) was investigated. pH strongly affected the acidogenesis rate and the yield of the fermentation products. The highest acidogenesis efficiency (60.4%) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA)/ethanol concentration (12.4 g/L) were obtained at pH 8 during phase I. Microbial community analysis revealed that Clostridium IV was enriched at pH 8, relating to the accumulation of butyrate. Also, Clostridium sensu stricto played a crucial role in hydrogen production and was abundant at pH 6, resulting in the highest hydrogen yield (212.2 ml/g VS). In phase II, the highest cumulative methane yield (412.6 ml/g VS) was obtained at pH 8. By considering the hydrogen and methane production stages, the highest energy yield (22.8 kJ/g VS, corresponding to a 76.4% recovery efficiency) was generated at pH 8, which indicates that pH 8 was optimal for energy recovery during two‐phase AD of FW. Overall, the results demonstrated the possibility of increasing the energy recovery from FW by regulating the pH in the hydrolysis/acidogenesis phase based on the two‐phase AD system.Practitioner points

pH 8 was suitable for hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis.
High hydrogen yields were obtained at pH 5–8 (about 200 ml/d).
Clostridium sensu stricto might have played a crucial role in hydrogen production.
High methane production (about 400 ml/g VS) was obtained at pH 7–9.
pH 8 was optimal for energy recovery from FW with an efficiency of 76.4% (22.8 kJ/g VS).
On thio‐substituted N‐heterocyclic arsines
Authors: Bender Johannes , Skowrońska Agnieszka , Dołęga Anna , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetathesis of N‐heterocyclic chloroarsines with sulfur‐based nucleophiles furnished thio‐substituted 1,3,2‐diazarsolidines and 1,3,2‐diazarsolenes. Crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that a thiocyanato‐diazarsolene exhibits a salt‐like structure composed of weakly interacting thiocyanate and arsenium ions, while the remaining products formed neutral molecules. The structural data indicate that the heterocyclic framework induces an elongation of exocyclic As−S bonds that is more prominent in diazarsolenes than in diazarsolidines and parallels the bond polarisation effect established for N‐heterocyclic phosphines. The NMR data suggest that diazarsolenes undergo facile inversion of the pyramidal configuration at arsenic, which was successfully modelled by DFT studies.