bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100P contributes to promoter demethylation and transcriptional activation of SLC2A5 to promote metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Mingdao , Fang Yuan , Li Zhenkang , Li Yongsheng , Feng Xiaochuang , Zhan Yizhi , Xie Yuwen , Liu Yuechen , Liu Zehao , Li Guoxin , Shen Zhiyong , Deng Haijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSLC2A5 is a high-affinity fructose transporter, which is frequently upregulated in multiple human malignant tumours. However, the function and molecular mechanism of SLC2A5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown.MethodsWe detected the expression levels of SLC2A5 in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines by western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. CRC cell lines with stable overexpression or knockdown of SLC2A5 were constructed to evaluate the functional roles of SLC2A5 in vitro through conventional assays. An intrasplenic inoculation model was established in mice to investigate the effect of SLC2A5 in promoting metastasis in vivo. Methylation mass spectrometry sequencing, methylation specific PCR, bisulphite sequencing PCR, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying transcriptional activation of SLC2A5.ResultsWe found that SLC2A5 was upregulated in colorectal tumour tissues. Functionally, a high level of SLC2A5 expression was associated with increased invasion and metastasis capacities of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we unveiled that S100P could integrate to a specific region of SLC2A5 promoter, thereby reducing its methylation levels and activating SLC2A5 transcription.ConclusionsOur results reveal a novel mechanism that S100P mediates the promoter demethylation and transcription activation of SLC2A5, thereby promoting the metastasis of CRC.
Spatial transcriptome profiling by MERFISH reveals fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell niche architecture
Authors: Lu Yanfang , Liu Miao , Yang Jennifer , Weissman Sherman M. , Pan Xinghua , Katz Samuel G. , Wang Siyuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche has been extensively studied in bone marrow, yet a more systematic investigation into the microenvironment regulation of hematopoiesis in fetal liver is necessary. Here we investigate the spatial organization and transcriptional profile of individual cells in both wild type (WT) and Tet2−/− fetal livers, by multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization. We find that specific pairs of fetal liver cell types are preferentially positioned next to each other. Ligand-receptor signaling molecule pairs such as Kitl and Kit are enriched in neighboring cell types. The majority of HSCs are in direct contact with endothelial cells (ECs) in both WT and Tet2−/− fetal livers. Loss of Tet2 increases the number of HSCs, and upregulates Wnt and Notch signaling genes in the HSC niche. Two subtypes of ECs, arterial ECs and sinusoidal ECs, and other cell types contribute distinct signaling molecules to the HSC niche. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive picture and bioinformatic foundation for HSC spatial regulation in fetal liver.
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, tuberculosis and sexually-transmitted infections among HIV positive patients in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mukhatayeva Ainur , Mustafa Aidana , Dzissyuk Natalya , Issanov Alpamys , Bayserkin Bauyrzhan , Vermund Sten H. , Ali Syed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn contrast with global trends, HIV prevalence in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries has been rising in recent years. In this study, we analyzed hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), tuberculosis (TB) and sexually-transmitted (STI) co-infections among 500 HIV positive study participants recruited from all regions of Kazakhstan. Among our study participants, 27%, 8%, 2%, and 5% were coinfected with, respectively, HCV, TB, HBV, and STI. A considerable proportion of the study participants was also found with triple or quadruple infections of HCV/TB (12%), TB/STI (0.8%), HCV/STI (2%), HCV/HBV (1%), HBV/TB (0.4%), HBV/STI (0.2%), HBV/HCV/TB (0.4%), HBV/HCV/STI (0.2%), or HCV/TB/STI (0.2%). Strong associations were found of certain age groups, duration of HIV infection, and practices of injection drug use and sexual contact with PLWH, with co-infections of HIV/HCV and HIV/TB. The odds of having death was 4.07 times higher with TB/HIV as compared to other co-infections. Co-occurrence of HIV with HCV, HBV, and TB infections among participants of this study highlights the necessity of regular screening for HCV infection among HIV infected patients, together with implementation of vigilant vaccination protocols against HBV and TB. Additionally, persons who inject drugs especially need to be focused for harm reduction efforts that include opiate substitution therapy, needle or syringe exchange programs, regular screening, and increased availability of ART and direct acting antivirals.
Alkalinity cycling and carbonate chemistry decoupling in seagrass mystify processes of acidification mitigation
Authors: Miller Cale A. , Kelley Amanda L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe adverse conditions of acidification on sensitive marine organisms have led to the investigation of bioremediation methods as a way to abate local acidification. This phytoremediation, by macrophytes, is expected to reduce the severity of acidification in nearshore habitats on short timescales. Characterizing the efficacy of phytoremediation can be challenging as residence time, tidal mixing, freshwater input, and a limited capacity to fully constrain the carbonate system can lead to erroneous conclusions. Here, we present in situ observations of carbonate chemistry relationships to seagrass habitats by comparing dense (DG), patchy (PG), and no grass (NG) Zostera marina pools in the high intertidal experiencing intermittent flooding. High-frequency measurements of pH, alkalinity (TA), and total-CO2 elucidate extreme diel cyclicity in all parameters. The DG pool displayed frequent decoupling between pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarg) suggesting pH-based inferences of acidification remediation by seagrass can be misinterpreted as pH and Ωarg can be independent stressors for some bivalves. Estimates show the DG pool had an integrated ΔTA of 550 μmol kg−1 over a 12 h period, which is ~ 60% > the PG and NG pools. We conclude habitats with mixed photosynthesizers (i.e., PG pool) result in less decoupling between pH and Ωarg.
Physicochemical controls on the initiation of phytoplankton bloom during the winter monsoon in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Lakshmi R. S. , Prakash Satya , Lotliker Aneesh A. , Baliarsingh Sanjiba K. , Samanta Alakes , Mathew Teesha , Chatterjee Abhisek , Sahu Biraja K. , Nair T. M. Balakrishnan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOccurrence of phytoplankton bloom in the northern Arabian Sea (NAS) during the winter monsoon is perplexing. The convective mixing leads to a deeper and well-oxygenated (> 95% saturation) mixed layer. We encountered low chlorophyll conditions though the nutrient conditions were favorable for a bloom. The mean ratio of silicate (Si) to DIN (Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen: nitrate + nitrite + ammonium) in the euphotic zone was 0.52 indicating a “silicate-stressed” condition for the proliferation of diatoms. Also, the euphotic depth was much shallower (~ 49 m) than the mixed layer (~ 110 m) suggesting the Sverdrup critical depth limitation in the NAS. We show that the bloom in this region initiates only when the mixed layer shoals towards the euphotic zone. Our observations further suggest that two primary factors, the stoichiometric ratio of nutrients, especially the Si/DIN ratio, in the mixed layer and re-stratification of the upper water column, govern the phytoplankton blooming in NAS during the later winter monsoon. The important finding of the present study is that the Sverdrup’s critical depth limitation gives rise to the observed low chl-a concentration in the NAS, despite having enough nutrients.
Attention expedites target selection by prioritizing the neural processing of distractor features
Authors: Bartsch Mandy V. , Merkel Christian , Schoenfeld Mircea A. , Hopf Jens-Max 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhether doing the shopping, or driving the car – to navigate daily life, our brain has to rapidly identify relevant color signals among distracting ones. Despite a wealth of research, how color attention is dynamically adjusted is little understood. Previous studies suggest that the speed of feature attention depends on the time it takes to enhance the neural gain of cortical units tuned to the attended feature. To test this idea, we had human participants switch their attention on the fly between unpredicted target color alternatives, while recording the electromagnetic brain response to probes matching the target, a non-target, or a distracting alternative target color. Paradoxically, we observed a temporally prioritized processing of distractor colors. A larger neural modulation for the distractor followed by its stronger attenuation expedited target identification. Our results suggest that dynamic adjustments of feature attention involve the temporally prioritized processing and elimination of distracting feature representations.
Joint control of visually guided actions involves concordant increases in behavioural and neural coupling
Authors: Painter David R. , Kim Jeffrey J. , Renton Angela I. , Mattingley Jason B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is often necessary for individuals to coordinate their actions with others. In the real world, joint actions rely on the direct observation of co-actors and rhythmic cues. But how are joint actions coordinated when such cues are unavailable? To address this question, we recorded brain activity while pairs of participants guided a cursor to a target either individually (solo control) or together with a partner (joint control) from whom they were physically and visibly separated. Behavioural patterns revealed that joint action involved real-time coordination between co-actors and improved accuracy for the lower performing co-actor. Concurrent neural recordings and eye tracking revealed that joint control affected cognitive processing across multiple stages. Joint control involved increases in both behavioural and neural coupling – both quantified as interpersonal correlations – peaking at action completion. Correspondingly, a neural offset response acted as a mechanism for and marker of interpersonal neural coupling, underpinning successful joint actions.
Surfactant-free production of biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles using PDMS-based microfluidics
Authors: Yandrapalli Naresh , Petit Julien , Bäumchen Oliver , Robinson Tom 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic production of giant lipid vesicles presents a paradigm-shift in the development of artificial cells. While production is high-throughput and the lipid vesicles are mono-disperse compared to bulk methods, current technologies rely heavily on the addition of additives such as surfactants, glycerol and even ethanol. Here we present a microfluidic method for producing biomimetic surfactant-free and additive-free giant unilamellar vesicles. The versatile design allows for the production of vesicle sizes ranging anywhere from ~10 to 130 µm with either neutral or charged lipids, and in physiological buffer conditions. Purity, functionality, and stability of the membranes are validated by lipid diffusion, protein incorporation, and leakage assays. Usability as artificial cells is demonstrated by increasing their complexity, i.e., by encapsulating plasmids, smaller liposomes, mammalian cells, and microspheres. This robust method capable of creating truly biomimetic artificial cells in high-throughput will prove valuable for bottom-up synthetic biology and the understanding of membrane function.
Vom Leitsymptom zur Diagnose: abdominelle Beschwerden
Authors: Michael Mark , Kleophas Alexander , Keitel Verena , Flügen Georg , Bernhard Michael 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungAbdominelle Beschwerden sind ein häufiges Leitsymptom in der Notfallmedizin. Unter diesem Symptomkomplex sind eine Vielzahl verschiedener Krankheitsbilder zu fassen, die sich in intra- und extraabdominelle bzw. retroperitoneale Pathologien unterscheiden lassen und Patienten aller Altersklassen betreffen können. Ursächlich für abdominelle Beschwerden können dabei banale Erkrankungen bis hin zu vital bedrohlichen Notfällen sein. Das Akute Abdomen ist ein interdisziplinärer Notfall, bei dem eine interdisziplinäre Teamarbeit notwendig ist. Eine rasche Ersteinschätzung und Risikostratifizierung hat zum Ziel, kritisch kranke Patienten mit akutem Interventionsbedarf frühzeitig zu detektieren und einer geeigneten Therapie zuzuführen. Ein strukturiertes Vorgehen ist hierbei zum Ausschluss bzw. zur Bestätigung der wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen essenziell.
Functional and Mechanistic Studies of Two Anti-coccidial Herbs, Bidens pilosa and Artemisia indica
Authors: Yang Meng-Ting , Lin Yi-Xian , Yang Greta , Kuo Tien-Fen , Liang Yu-Chen , Lee Tsung-Han , Chang Cicero Lee-Tian , Yang Wen-Chin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrently, antibiotics are commonly used to treat coccidiosis, a severe protozoal disease in chickens. However, due to growing concerns about the antibiotic residue in meat and eggs, phytogenic formulations are becoming an attractive approach to manage this disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-coccidial function and mechanism of phytogenic formulations composed of Bidens pilosa, Artemisia indica, and both used in combination. We found that these formulations increased the survival rate and reduced body weight loss, the feed conversion ratio, oocyst excretion, bloody stools, and gut lesions of chickens. Mechanistic studies showed that A. indica, but not B. pilosa, reduced the survival of Eimeria oocysts. Accordingly, they both inhibited oocyst sporulation and sporozoite invasion into Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Overall, we demonstrate that these formulations protect chickens against coccidiosis. Moreover, a combination
of B. pilosa and A. indica has an additive effect on coccidiosis control and growth performance in chickens compared to either one used alone.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Models of Care: A Review and Qualitative Evaluation of a Guideline-Recommended Integrated Care
Authors: Tay Chau Thien , Pirotta Stephanie , Teede Helena J. , Moran Lisa J. , Robinson Tracy , Skouteris Helen , Joham Anju E. , Lim Siew S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder and many women are dissatisfied with their healthcare under the current fragmented health services. Here, we review existing literature on PCOS healthcare services and qualitatively evaluate an integrated PCOS service based on experiences of women with PCOS. Limited prior PCOS-dedicated services have been studied and their quantitative and efficacy-focused evaluations are summarized. Here, we also provide a broader PCOS service evaluation via semistructured interviews and surveys, with thematic analysis based on a predetermined evaluation framework. Fifteen women completed interviews and surveys. Overall the integrated, evidence-based PCOS service was well-received and women were generally satisfied with appropriateness, effectiveness, and reported positive health impact resulting from the service. Integrated care, tailored treatments, education, lifestyle support, and laser therapy were highly valued. Patients reported improvements on symptoms, understanding and confidence in managing PCOS, and emotional well-being. Elements of efficiency in the initial stages, awareness and communication, and the need for service expansion and tensions between evidence-based treatments and patient preferences were also captured to guide improvement. Further research into models of care is recommended to meet the needs of women with PCOS.
Reliability of Temporal Vascular Anastomosis and Techniques for Better Outcomes
Authors: Tanaka Kentaro , Suesada Nobuko , Homma Tsutomu , Mori Hiroki , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Although there are several potential recipient vessels in the neck, those in the temporal region are limited. In skull base reconstruction, there are difficulties associated with the anastomosing recipient vessels in the neck region since long nutrient vessels are needed in the flap. We evaluated the reliability of temporal vascular anastomosis by comparing surgical outcomes between reconstructive methods and examined which surgical procedures may achieve better results.
Methods We examined the medical records of free tissue transfer cases between April 2007 and March 2018. Seventy-three surgeries were performed in the temporal region, including skull base reconstruction in 48, head and neck reconstruction (without skull base) in 16, and secondary surgery for head deformities in nine cases. In total, 445 neck surgeries were performed. Postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed.
Results The postoperative complication rates were 8.2 and 2.7% for all temporal and neck surgeries, respectively. There were no arterial complications in the temporal region and all of the six postoperative anastomotic complications were due to venous thrombosis. In contrast, there were 12 cases of vascular anastomotic complications, with six cases each of arterial and venous thrombosis in the neck. In the temporal region, the complication rate was 2.1% for skull base reconstruction, 11% for secondary revision, and 25% in head and neck reconstruction. The corresponding values for middle temporal vein (MTV) usage rates were 54, 22, and 25%. In skull base reconstruction, a coronal incision was made in all cases. A more frequent use of the MTV was associated with a reduced complication rate.
Conclusion The low complication rate in the temporal region was attributed to the wide surgical field and low tension of anastomotic vessels. Multiple venous anastomoses, including those of the MTV, are recommended to prevent complications.
The relativistic effects on the methane activation by gold(I) cations
Authors: Santiago Régis T. , Vichietti Rafael M. , Machado Francisco B. C. , Haiduke Roberto L. A. 
Published: June 2021

The reactivity of gold has been investigated for a long time. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of relativistic effects over the chemical kinetic properties of elementary reactions associated with methane activation by gold(I) cations, CH4 + Au+ ↔ AuCH2+ + H2. The global reaction is modeled as a two-step process, CH4 + Au+ ↔ HAuCH3+ ↔ AuCH2+ + H2. Moreover, the barrierless dissociation of the initial adduct between reactants, AuCH4+, is discussed as well. Higher-order relativistic treatments are used to provide corrections beyond the commonly considered scalar effects of relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs). Although the scalar relativistic contributions predominate, lowering the forward barrier heights by 48.4 and 36.1 kcal mol−1, the spin–orbit coupling effect can still provide additional reductions of these forward barrier heights by as much as 9% (1.0 and 2.2 kcal mol−1). The global reaction proceeds rapidly at low temperatures to the intermediate attained after the first hydrogen transfer, HAuCH3+. The relativistic corrections beyond the ones from RECPs are still able to double the rate constant of the CH4 + Au+ → HAuCH3+ process at 300 K, while the reverse reaction becomes five times slower. The formation of global products from this intermediate only becomes significant at much higher temperatures (∼1500 K upward). The scalar relativistic contributions decrease the dissociation energy of the initial adduct, AuCH4+, into the global products by 105.8 kcal mol−1, while the spin–orbit effect provides an extra lowering of 1.8 kcal mol−1.
Temperature biosensor based on triangular lattice phononic crystals
Authors: Zaremanesh Mansour , Carpentier Laurent , Gharibi Hamed , Bahrami Ali , Mehaney Ahmed , Gueddida Abdellatif , Lucklum Ralf , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram , Pennec Yan 
Published: June 2021

A two-dimensional triangular lattice solid/fluid phononic crystal (PnC) is proposed as a sensitive biosensor to detect the temperature of the Methyl Nonafluorobutyl Ether (MNE) in the range of 10–40 °C. Temperature changes in MNE represent an important issue for its various applications. Indeed, the MNE is widely used in cosmetic and beauty products for its non-toxic, non-flammable, and colorless chemical properties. For this purpose, a sensitive biosensor for temperature and physical properties of MNE appears necessary. The PnC biosensor consists of a triangular lattice of tungsten cylinders embedded in an epoxy background inside of which a line of hollow cylinders filled with MNE is introduced as a waveguide for guiding resonant modes with low group velocity. We show that the PnC biosensor provides sharp guided modes in the bandgap with high quality factors and frequencies depending on the MNE temperature with high sensitivity. The introduction of damping inside the liquid shows that the shear viscosity, compared to longitudinal, affects drastically the amplitude of the resonant peaks. However, the length of the waveguide can be adapted so as to recover the resonant peak in the presence of viscosities.
Pan-African evolution of within- and between-country COVID-19 dynamics
Authors: Ssentongo Paddy , Fronterre Claudio , Geronimo Andrew , Greybush Steven J. , Mbabazi Pamela K. , Muvawala Joseph , Nahalamba Sarah B. , Omadi Philip O. , Opar Bernard T. , Sinnar Shamim A. , Wang Yan , Whalen Andrew J. , Held Leonhard , Jewell Christopher , Muwanguzi Abraham J. B. , Greatrex Helen , Norton Michael M. , Diggle Peter J. , Schiff Steven J. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
We created a strategy for understanding the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the African continent. Because high-quality mobility data are challenging to obtain across Africa, the approach provides the ability to distinguish cases arising from within a country or from its neighbors. The results further show how testing capacity and social and health policy contribute to the dynamics of cases, and generate short-term prediction of the evolution of the pandemic on a country-by-country basis. This framework improves the ability to interpret and act upon real-time complex COVID-19 data from the African continent. These findings emphasize that regional efforts to coordinate country-specific strategies in transmission suppression should be a continental priority to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.
Multiscale mechanics and temporal evolution of vimentin intermediate filament networks
Authors: Schepers Anna V. , Lorenz Charlotta , Nietmann Peter , Janshoff Andreas , Klumpp Stefan , Köster Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The mechanical integrity of cells and their ability to adapt—for example, during wound healing or in metastasizing tumors—is largely determined by the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is an intricate network of biopolymers and cross-linkers. Intermediate filaments, the softest and most extensible of the three filamentous proteins of the cytoskeleton, take the role of a safety belt for cells under strain. The mechanical properties of a network depend on several factors, such as the length and mechanical properties of the single filaments and, importantly, the interactions between filaments. Here, we use a multiscale approach to disentangle these effects, which allows for direct quantification of interaction kinetics.