bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyand’s Hernia: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Amsriza Fadli Robby , Fakhriani Rizka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Amyand’s hernia is described in the inguinal hernia sac as being the presence of an appendix vermiformis. It is a rare condition the incidence is about 1 per cent of all inguinal hernias. It is often diagnosed incidentally during inguinal hernia surgery. The main treatment method of Amyand’s hernia is surgery. We report a case of 63 years old man who presented with right inguinal groin bulge for 1 month with the previous repaired right inguinal hernia 5 years ago. On clinical examination revealed a 6 cmx8 cm firm, nontender, irreponible mass in the right inguinal region. He was diagnosed as right sided irreponible inguinal hernia. He was undergoing the elective surgery. Intra-operative, the hernia sac was laterally found in the inferior epigastric vessels and separated from sperm cord to deep inguinal ring. The hernia sac was opened. A non-inflamed appendix was seen. Appendectomy was performed, and the hernia was repaired by Halsted’s repair. Amyand’s hernia is a rare condition. The correct diagnosis is usually made intraoperative. Keywords: Amyand’s hernia, appendectomy, hernia repair, inguinal hernia.
Age, Genesis, and Seismogenic Deformations of the Vuoksa River Terraces on the Karelian Isthmus (Northwestern Russia)
Authors: Shvarev S.V. , Subetto D.A. , Zaretskaya N.E. , Molodkov A.N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract—Terraces at four hypsometric levels were studied in the Vuoksa River basin (northern part of the Karelian Isthmus, NW Russia). New data on nine sections of late Quaternary–Holocene sediments have been obtained. Their age has been determined (for the first time for surface deposits in the studied region) in the interval from 90 to 2 ka. The terrace sediments are disturbed by deformations (faults, folds, and liquefaction) caused by six strong earthquakes in that period. The relationships among the terrace levels, ages, stratigraphy, and structures of loose sediments point to their formation under the impact of differentiated tectonic motions triggered by the activation of the ancient “Vuoksa” fault zone in the late Neopleistocene and Holocene.
Subsea Well Intervention Readiness in Brazil
Authors: Purificação Rafael Augustinis , dos Santos Julia Vieira , Gonzaga Matheus Marins 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the subsea well intervention capabilities in Brazil from an operator point of view and how it compares to other regions in the world, in terms of equipment availability, technology and readiness. The object of this assessment will be restricted to the well access systems, given the numerous scenarios that can drive a subsea well intervention.
The intent is to identify the main challenges an International Oil Company (IOC) and/or Local Oil Company (LOC) operating in Brazil must overcome in order to keep a robust and realistic contingency plan in case of any well integrity issue. Also, similar challenges are experienced whenever production restoration is needed and/or even opportunities for production enhancement are economically assessed to viable, or not. Last but not least, well access during the last phase of a well lifecycle (plug and abandonment) is also a key element. This will be discussed further in.
Until the late 90's, the subsea oil industry in Brazil was restricted to the state-run operator and the supply chain to the business had developed itself around the mindset to maidenly supply a single state-run operator demand. After the market opening and consolidation of the IOC's and LOC's in the subsea market, a lack of local supply of several goods and services started to present itself.
Since well access systems are expensive and the base case is that you won't use it unless you have a problem, there's a strong unconscious desire not to worry about it until you really need it. Sharing the same view, service companies tend to enforce the sale of these kits to the operator, rather than focus on a rental solution. Moreover, when service companies provide rental solutions, they are not kept in country and mobilization fees and lead time become a showstopper on many cases.
In view of the scenario described above and ways of operation of the Brazilian market IOC's and LOC's a solution will be proposed to mitigate the risk of unavailability and reduce costs based on the sharing economy principles.
A New Approach to Barrier Verification
Authors: Bruce Thomas J , Stein Arild F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Verification and testing of a wellbore barrier, in older assets has proven to be challenging. Even more so when the well has structural issues, indemnities or weak spots in the barrier envelope, that limits the possibility to get a positive pressure verification of the barrier with an applied surface pressure. The paper will air on the operational use of this novel test method and the tools used, to allow an in well verification of any type of barrier to secure the well for a repair or a upcoming P/A operation. A pilot job case history will be included to illustrate use of the principles.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Find a suitable location with necessary support and strength in the well. If installing a mechanical barrier by means of a bridge plug as the primary barrier, we will monitor the installation forces in the anchoring and sealing sequence. This individual signature will be verified towards a nominal base line signature towards a library of thousands of collected installation profiles. Any abnormality can trigger a release and possible relocating of the barrier. A second verification barrier will then be installed above the primary barrier. When both installation signatures are accounted for, we can pressure test the installed barriers. This is done with a pressure inflow tool, where we introduce a calculated predetermined pressure drop between the installed primary barrier and the verification barrier. By monitoring this pressure alteration vs. the pressure above the verification barrier, we can determine if we have a verified barrier.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
We now have the Primary Barrier verified in the direction of flow (negative pressure test). And verification barrier as the secondary barrier (verified with a positive pressure test). If a dual barrier is requested, you can leave the verification barrier as secondary barrier.

Novel/Additional Information
Pressure manipulation is done with existing and proven technology and is re-usable after re-setting at surface. By monitoring this pressure alteration, we can verify the installed primary and verification barrier in one run. This without any time-consuming pressure manipulating from surface.
Late Life Field Management with Instrumentation Failure. Modelling Predictions and Successful Validations of Late Life Subsea Gas Condensate System Using Historical Field Data
Authors: Lau Lawrence Khin Leong , An Kun , Tong Wu Jun , Wang Song , Yue Zhi Wei , Duan Jiang Nan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Depleting reservoir pressure, increasing water cut and decreasing overall system production leading to increased liquid holdup are among the key challenges for typical late life gas condensate production system. This paper elucidates modelling details of a late life offshore subsea gas condensate system and how the findings are implemented and validated with actual field data for successful outcomes.
There is only one subsea well remain in operation with relatively long subsea flowlines. Subsea pressure and temperature transducers are out of service as the asset approaches the end of design life. In this context, flow assurance team has taken the modelling approach in order to minimize cost and to maximize values. Detailed transient multiphase thermohydraulics models are developed and benchmarked against field data. Historical field data over the past two years are utilized in order to predict the trend for key parameters such as well production rates and water to gas ratio (WGR).
Matrix of simulation including the predictions of slugging flow regimes are carried out for the entire flow path, from reservoir characteristics descriptions at bottom hole, through flow regimes analysis at topsides slug catcher. Three categories of operation characteristics, namely the low risk, medium risk, and high risk production periods are identified. It is predicted that the system would start to fall into slugging flow regimes from 2 months onwards with final production end date of after 10 months. This is shared with wider team such that operations and base management teams are informed with predicted multiphase flow characteristics for the remaining production life. As such, gas supply succession plan can be executed in time to ensure uninterrupted downstream commercial agreement. Feedbacks from operations team revealed accurate predictions of such analysis, including slugging flow phenomenon which was associated with flow and pressure fluctuations, was observed in field as predicted by the study. More importantly, the production cut-off date is accurately predicted 10 months ahead and within the accuracy of ± 1 week.
This study demonstrated how historical field data, coupled with detailed transient multiphase thermohydraulics modelling, can be utilized for offshore gas condensate production predictions during late life. Without transducers and/or virtual metering data feed, production end date can be accurately predicted based on key parameters analysis. This is particularly valuable for supply succession planning and is deemed a successful case study with significant positive outcomes which can be used as reference for other gas condensate assets.
Managing the Salvage, Removal, Preservation and Re-Installation of Tilted Wellhead Platform
Authors: Zainal Abidin Suzaini 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the planning, offshore execution and technology involved in the intact salvage, removal, preservation and relocation of a Wellhead Drilling Platform (WHP) which was tilted during drilling operation in the "X" field.
The field development plan consists of a WHP tied-back to a Floating, Production, Storage & Offloading (FPSO), anchored at 700 m away from the WHP. The oil field is located 110 km from shore and at water depth of 57 m. The Project Management Team (PMT) had completed the installation of the WHP, unfortunately mishap was happened when the WHP experienced tilting during drilling operation. The platform tilted/leaned two (2) degrees towards the drilling rig.
The strategy adopted by the PMT was to rig-down and move out the affected rig; immediately salvage the newly installed 1,300MT WHP's topside. The work was executed under the crisis management envelop with the aim to save the rig and platform from total loss i.e., to avoid the platform topples into the sea and subsequently hits the rig.
The salvage operation employed unique processes, procedures, and technology to safe hold the tilted platform by Anchor Handling Tugs (AHTs) and pipelay barge; rig-down and move out the drilling rig, reinstatement of lifting lug/pad eyes which had previously removed after completion of topside installation and finally removal of topside from the tilted jacket. The topside then transported to the fabrication yard, where there the topside had been preserved on the transportation barge for a period of five (5) months while waiting for the new jacket to be fabricated and installed. The re-development of the affected offshore facilities from the incident involved installation of new jacket at 150 m away from the tilted jacket location, re-installation of the topside to the new installed four (4) legged jacket, re-routing the previous installed infield pipelines (8" Liquid, 16" Wet Gas and 12’ Export Gas pipeline from FPSO) and tied-in to the new platform. The planning, innovation and execution has resulted in a significant cost containment and managed to avoid major disaster; subsequently safeguard Company's reputation. The salvage of the topside and rejuvenation of the pipelines have managed to avoid the reconstruction of the topside module which potentially could lead to non-cost recovery of huge amount of additional cost (in USD millions) and managed to avoid any Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) by taken all the necessary precautions.
Advances in Abandonment and Disposal Technology of Aging Oil and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Jing Jiaqiang , Wang Wenlu , Wu Dongrong , Luo Jinhua , Zeng Shuang , Zheng Tianlun , Chen Hongkun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
When the operation benefit of an oil and gas pipeline is not enough to cover its operation cost, and the pipeline is no alternative use, seriously damaged, aged or the operation risk exceeds the acceptable range, it is bound to cause serious safety and environmental hazards along the pipeline, especially for the over age pipeline in service, therefore its scientific abandonment and reasonable disposal is particularly important and urgent.
Focused on the methods for judging abandonment, retirement modes, cleaning and environmental management of oil and gas pipelines, the characteristics of existing methods for predicting the remaining life of the pipelines and their application in abandonment and disposal are compared and analyzed, and the basis and adaptability of oil and gas pipelines retirement are illuminated. According to the actual situation and environment of the discarded pipelines, the selection basis and applicable conditions of the pipeline and facility disposal methods such as demolition, in-situ shelving and their combination are expounded.
It is found that North America has rich experience and mature technology in oil and gas pipeline abandonment and disposal, but many countries, including China, seriously lack scientific and systematic evaluation standards, practical experience, related theoretical and technical investigations. This study has important reference and practical significance for promoting the development of abandonment and disposal technology of an aging oil and gas pipeline, and ensuring the personal safety and ecological environmental protection along the abandoned pipeline.
This paper presents the status quo of over age service and abandonment decision-making of oil and gas pipelines in the world, draws lessons from the experience of safety and environmental protection disposal of the global abandoned pipelines, and puts forward the principle and method of abandonment judgment and scientific disposal of the aging pipelines based on residual life evaluation. This method has sufficient basis, strong adaptability and wide application.
Subsea Gas Well Late Life Restart Lesson Learned: Failure Analysis and Operating Strategy
Authors: Wang Song , Lau Lawrence Khin Leong , Tong Wu Jun , An Kun , Duan Jiang Nan , Wang Xing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper elucidates the importance of flow assurance transient multiphase modelling to ensure uninterrupted late life productions. This is discussed in details through the case study of shut-in and restart scenarios of a subsea gas well (namely Well A) located in South China Sea region. There were two wells (Well A and Well B) producing steadily prior to asset shut-in, as a requirement for subsea pipeline maintenance works. However, it was found that Well A failed to restart while Well B successfully resumed production after the pipeline maintenance works. Flow assurance team is called in order to understand the root cause of the failed re-start of Well A to avoid similar failure for Well B and other wells in this region.
Through failure analysis of Well A, key root cause is identified and associated operating strategy is proposed for use for Well B, which is producing through the same subsea infrastructure. Transient multiphase flow assurance model including subsea Well A, subsea Well B, associated spools, subsea pipeline and subsea riser is developed and fully benchmarked against field data to ensure realistic thermohydraulics representations of the actual asset. Simulation result shows failed restart of Well A and successful restart of Well B, which fully matched with field observations.
Further analysis reveals that liquid column accumulated within the wellbore of Well A associates with extra hydrostatic head which caused failed well restart. Through a series of sensitivity analysis, the possibility of successful Well A restart is investigated by manipulating topsides back pressure settings and production flowrates prior to shut-in. These serve as a methodology to systematically analyze such transient scenario and to provide basis for field operating strategy.
The analysis and strategy proposed through detailed modelling and simulation serves as valuable guidance for Well B, should shut-in and restart operation is required. This study shows the importance of modelling prior to late life field operations, in order to avoid similar failed well restart, which causes significant production and financial impacts.
Laboratory virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Li Yinping , Mbata George N. , Shapiro-Ilan David I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), is a major insect pest on vegetable crops worldwide. Enormous economic losses result from direct and indirect plant damage caused by MEAM1. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) may be an effective alternative strategy against MEAM1 because this pest has developed resistance to most insecticides. First, nine EPN species (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. indica, H. georgiana, H. floridensis, Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. riobrave, S. glaseri, and S. rarum) were investigated for virulence to MEAM1 third instar nymphs on snap bean leaves under laboratory conditions. The mortality of MEAM1 nymphs was evaluated at 3 days post-inoculation (dpi). Compared to the water control, the application of the nine EPN species except S. glaseri resulted in significantly higher mortality of MEAM1 nymphs, such as H. bacteriophora (66.31%), H. floridensis (56.38%), S. carpocapsae (54.54%), and S. rarum (57.80%). Subsequently, the four virulent EPN species, H. bacteriophora, H. floridensis, S. carpocapsae, and S. rarum were evaluated further for virulence to MEAM1 nymphs on snap bean and tomato leaves. The mortality of MEAM1 nymphs was assessed at 3 dpi and 7 dpi. There were no significant differences in MEAM1 nymphal mortality between tomato and snap bean at either 3 dpi or 7 dpi. The mortality of MEAM1 nymphs caused by the application of H. floridensis (99.25%) was significantly higher than the other three EPN species and the water control at 7dpi. The results indicate that H. floridensis is a very promising biocontrol agent for B. tabaci management.
Pore-forming Peptides: A New Treatment Option for Cancer
Authors: Jahanafrooz Zohreh , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad 
Published: November 2021

:
Cancer, a challenging medical problem, affects millions of people around the
world. Cancer cell resistance is one of the main drawbacks in the complete prosperity of
even more sophisticated therapies. Pore-forming peptides (PFPs), a group of natural defense
system proteins are used by nearly all living organisms as anti-bacterial and anti--
fungal agents, and could also be regarded as novel tumoricidal peptides. PFPs approach
entails using soluble peptides by assembling them mainly on the target cell membrane
and forming potential death-causing pores. Physical damage induction by natural PFPs or
their synthetic derivatives could conquer the resistance mechanisms of tumor cells. Given
that peptide drugs involve a significant proportion of the pharmaceutical market primarily
because of easy synthesis and safety, evaluating this nature provided a model system
as a group of anticancer peptides seems a valuable approach. Here, the mode of action
of PFPs and their anticancer mechanism are highlighted, followed by addressing the
anticancer studies using PFPs from different sources along with various strategies applied
to obtain selective action of PFPs against cancer cells. Challenges and future perspectives
of these promising bioactive molecules in cancer treatment are also provided.
Recent Applications of Rare Earth Complexes in Photoredox Catalysis for Organic
Synthesis
Authors: Prieto Alexis , Jaroschik Florian 
Published: November 2021

:
In recent years, photoredox catalysis has appeared as a new paradigm for forging a
wide range of chemical bonds under mild conditions using abundant reagents. This approach
allows many organic transformations through the generation of various radical species, enabling
the valorization of non-traditional partners. A continuing interest has been devoted to
the discovery of novel radical-generating procedures. Over the last ten years, strategies using
rare-earth complexes as either redox-active centers or as redox-neutral Lewis acids have
emerged. This review provides an overview of the recent accomplishments made in this field.
It especially aims to demonstrate the utility of rare-earth complexes for ensuring photocatalytic
transformations and to inspire future developments.
Characterization of Metabolites of α-mangostin in Bio-samples from SD Rats by UHPLC-Q-exactive Orbitrap MS
Authors: Dong Fan , Wang Shaoping , Yang Ailin , Li Haoran , Dong Pingping , Wang Bing , Dai Long , Lin Yongqiang , Zhang Jiayu 
Published: November 2021

Background:
α-mangostin, a typical xanthone, often exists in Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae).
α-mangostin was found to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. However, its specific metabolic
route in vivo remains unclear, while these metabolites may accumulate to exert pharmacological effects, too.

Objective:
This study aimed to clarify the metabolic pathways of α-mangostin after oral administration to the rats.

Methods:
Here, an UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used for the detection of potential metabolites formed
in vivo. A new strategy for the identification of unknown metabolites based on typical fragmentation routes was
implemented.

Results:
A total of 42 metabolites were detected, and their structures were tentatively identified in this study.
The results showed that major in vivo metabolic pathways of α-mangostin in rats included methylation, demethylation,
methoxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, glucuronidation, and
sulfation.

Conclusions:
This study is significant to expand our knowledge of the in vivo metabolism of α-mangostin and to
understand the mechanism of action of α-mangostin in rats in vivo.