bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors controlling oxytocin receptor gene expression
Authors: Danoff Joshua S. , Wroblewski Kelly L. , Graves Andrew J. , Quinn Graham C. , Perkeybile Allison M. , Kenkel William M. , Lillard Travis S. , Parikh Hardik I. , Golino Hudson F. , Gregory Simon G. , Carter C. Sue , Bales Karen L. , Connelly Jessica J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe neuropeptide oxytocin regulates mammalian social behavior. Disruptions in oxytocin signaling are a feature of many psychopathologies. One commonly studied biomarker for oxytocin involvement in psychiatric diseases is DNA methylation at the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Such studies focus on DNA methylation in two regions ofOXTR, exon 3 and a region termed MT2 which overlaps exon 1 and intron 1. However, the relative contribution of exon 3 and MT2 in regulatingOXTRgene expression in the brain is currently unknown.ResultsHere, we use the prairie vole as a translational animal model to investigate genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors affectingOxtrgene expression in a region of the brain that has been shown to driveOxtrrelated behavior in the vole, the nucleus accumbens. We show that the genetic structure ofOxtrin prairie voles resembles humanOXTR. We then studied the effects of early life experience on DNA methylation in two regions of a CpG island surrounding theOxtrpromoter: MT2 and exon 3. We show that early nurture in the form of parental care results in DNA hypomethylation ofOxtrin both MT2 and exon 3, but only DNA methylation in MT2 is associated withOxtrgene expression. Network analyses indicate that CpG sites in the 3′ portion of MT2 are most highly associated withOxtrgene expression. We also identify two novel SNPs in exon 3 ofOxtrin prairie voles and a novel alternative transcript originating from the third intron of the gene. Expression of the novel alternative transcript is associated with genotype at SNP KLW2.ConclusionsThese results identify putative regulatory features ofOxtrin prairie voles which inform future studies examiningOXTRin human social behaviors and disorders. These studies indicate that in prairie voles, DNA methylation in MT2, particularly in the 3′ portion, is more predictive ofOxtrgene expression than DNA methylation in exon 3. Similarly, in human temporal cortex, we find that DNA methylation in the 3′ portion of MT2 is associated withOXTRexpression. Together, these results suggest that among the CpG sites studied, DNA methylation of MT2 may be the most reliable indicator ofOXTRgene expression. We also identify novel features of prairie voleOxtr, including SNPs and an alternative transcript, which further develop the prairie vole as a translational model for studies ofOXTR.
Cecal dermoid masquerading dermoid cyst of ovary: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mishra Tushar Subhadarshan , Jena Saubhagya Kumar , Kumari Supriya , Purkait Suvendu , Ayyanar Pavithra , Nayak Pallabi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The ovary is the most common site of occurrence of mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts). These are the most common ovarian germ cell tumor in the reproductive age group, accounting for 10–20% of all ovarian neoplasms, with a 1–2% risk of malignancy. A cecal dermoid cyst is a rare entity with only ten cases having been reported so far, eight of which could be retrieved as the rest were reported in different languages. None of these cases were managed laparoscopically. Here we present the first case of cecal dermoid managed laparoscopically.

Case presentation
A 35-year-old nulliparous Indian Hindu woman presented with complaints of on and off abdominal pain for 10 months. The abdominal examination revealed a well-defined mass of about 10 × 5 cm size, palpable in the right iliac fossa. On sonography, it was suggestive of a right-sided ovarian dermoid cyst. The lesion measured 10 × 7 × 5 cm on a contrast-enhanced computed tomogram (CT) scan. It was well defined and hypodense and located in the right lower abdomen. The ovarian tumor markers were normal. On laparoscopy, the uterus, bilateral tubes, and ovaries were found to be healthy. The cyst was seen arising from the right medial wall of the cecum at the ileocecal junction, which was excised laparoscopically. Histopathological study revealed it to be a mature cystic teratoma.

Conclusion
Ovarian mature cystic teratoma commonly has an indolent course and can present with palpable abdominal mass, pain, or vomiting due to complications like torsion, hemorrhage, or infection. Alternatively, these cysts can be asymptomatic and incidentally detected. Clinicians should be aware of the variety of presentations of dermoid cysts of the bowel as well as mesentery. The exact location of the teratoma eluded us till the laparoscopy despite adequate imaging including a contrast-enhanced CT scan having been performed preoperatively. We are reporting this as it is a rare entity, and this knowledge will help gynecologists and surgeons make an appropriate surgical decision.
Traditional herbal medicine therapy of gallbladder ascariasis: a case report
Authors: Israyil Zordun , Gul Aman , Memtily Nassirhadjy , Abulizi Aierken , Emet Gheni , Niyaz Batur 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Ascariasis is one of the common intestinal infections in developing countries, including China. Migration of Ascaris lumbricoides into the gallbladder is rare, unlike ascariasis of the bile duct and when it does occur, treatment is generally by endoscopic or surgical extraction.

Case presentation
A 4-year-old Uyghur boy with a history of ascariasis developed intermittent upper abdominal pain for 7 days, was being treated by a local practitioner, and when the pain worsened with yellow sclera for 3 days, he was admitted to our hospital. On physical examination, found out the patient with yellowish skin tone, pale yellow fur on tongue, mild yellow staining of the sclera and tenderness in epigastrium. Laboratory data plus liver function test showed damage of liver function. Abdominal Ultrasonography (USG) and Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed a long, linear, echogenic structure in the gallbladder neck near to the common bile duct. Once the ascariasis diagnosis was established, he was given conservative treatment of magnesium sulfate with herbal medicine. In 4 days, the patient discharged Ascaris through the stool.

Conclusions
Conservative treatment of magnesium sulfate with Uyghur medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation is proven to have curative effect.
Beneficial effects of a multidomain cognitive rehabilitation program for traumatic brain injury–associated diffuse axonal injury: a case report
Authors: de la Rosa-Arredondo Tania , Choreño-Parra José Alberto , Corona-Ruiz Jessica Amira , Rodríguez-Muñoz Patricia Emilia , Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván , García-Quintero Gabriela , Guadarrama-Ortiz Parménides 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Neuropsychological rehabilitation is a crucial component of medical care for patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). However, current cognitive intervention programs directed to favor the training of specific domains individually have shown controversial results. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of a neuropsychological rehabilitation program directed to favor training of attention, memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning together in a patient with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated DAI.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old Hispanic woman with a recent history of a severe TBI attended our center complaining of memory problems, dysarthria, and difficulty in planning. A comprehensive cognitive assessment revealed dysfunction in sustained, selective, and divided attention, alterations in memory, planning, and organization of executive behavior, as well as impairment of visuospatial cognitive functions. The patient underwent a 24-week neuropsychological rehabilitation program directed to favor attention, memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning together. After the cognitive intervention, we observed a better patient's performance in tasks requiring sustained, selective, and divided attention, improvement of encoding and retrieval memory problems, use of spatial relationships, planning, and organization of behavior skills. We also observed generalization effects on other domains, such as learning, mental flexibility, inhibition functions, and language.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our results suggest that neuropsychological rehabilitation programs favoring multiple domains together are useful in reestablishing cognitive deficits in patients with severe DAI.
Lung organoids, useful tools for investigating epithelial repair after lung injury
Authors: Kong Jing , Wen Shiyuan , Cao Wenjing , Yue Peng , Xu Xin , Zhang Yu , Luo Lisha , Chen Taigui , Li Lianbao , Wang Feng , Tao Jian , Zhou Guozhong , Luo Suyi , Liu Aihua , Bao Fukai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganoids are derived from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors. They display structures and functions consistent with organs in vivo. Multiple types of organoids, including lung organoids, can be generated. Organoids are applied widely in development, disease modelling, regenerative medicine, and other multiple aspects. Various human pulmonary diseases caused by several factors can be induced and lead to different degrees of lung epithelial injury. Epithelial repair involves the participation of multiple cells and signalling pathways. Lung organoids provide an excellent platform to model injury to and repair of lungs. Here, we review the recent methods of cultivating lung organoids, applications of lung organoids in epithelial repair after injury, and understanding the mechanisms of epithelial repair investigated using lung organoids. By using lung organoids, we can discover the regulatory mechanisms related to the repair of lung epithelia. This strategy could provide new insights for more effective management of lung diseases and the development of new drugs.
Genetic and molecular biology of systemic lupus erythematosus among Iranian patients: an overview
Authors: Gachpazan Meisam , Akhlaghipour Iman , Rahimi Hamid Reza , Saburi Ehsan , Mojarrad Majid , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Moghbeli Meysam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinicopathologically heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disorder affecting different organs and tissues. It has been reported that there is an increasing rate of SLE incidence among Iranian population. Moreover, the Iranian SLE patients have more severe clinical manifestations compared with other countries. Therefore, it is required to introduce novel methods for the early detection of SLE in this population. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in SLE progression.Main bodyIn present review we have summarized all of the reported genes which have been associated with clinicopathological features of SLE among Iranian patients.ConclusionsApart from the reported cytokines and chemokines, it was interestingly observed that the apoptosis related genes and non-coding RNAs were the most reported genetic abnormalities associated with SLE progression among Iranians. This review clarifies the genetics and molecular biology of SLE progression among Iranian cases. Moreover, this review paves the way of introducing an efficient panel of genetic markers for the early detection and better management of SLE in this population.
Recovering the space source term for the fractional-diffusion equation with Caputo–Fabrizio derivative
Authors: Huynh Le Nhat , Luc Nguyen Hoang , Baleanu Dumitru , Long Le Dinh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article is devoted to the study of the source function for the Caputo–Fabrizio time fractional diffusion equation. This new definition of the fractional derivative has no singularity. In other words, the new derivative has a smooth kernel. Here, we investigate the existence of the source term. Through an example, we show that this problem is ill-posed (in the sense of Hadamard), and the fractional Landweber method and the modified quasi-boundary value method are used to deal with this inverse problem and the regularized solution is also obtained. The convergence estimates are addressed for the regularized solution to the exact solution by using an a priori regularization parameter choice rule and an a posteriori parameter choice rule. In addition, we give a numerical example to illustrate the proposed method.
New weighted norm inequalities for multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators with kernels of Dini’s type and their commutators
Authors: Zhao Yichun , Zhou Jiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce certain classes of multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators with kernels of Dini’s type. Applying the sharp method and $A_{\vec{p}}^{\infty }(\varphi )$

A

p
→

∞

(
φ
)
functions, we first establish some weighted norm inequalities for multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators with kernels of Dini’s type, including pointwise estimates, strong type, and weak endpoint estimates. Furthermore, similar weighted norm inequalities for commutators with $\mathrm{BMO}_{\theta }(\varphi )$

BMO
θ

(
φ
)
functions are also obtained, but the weak endpoint estimate is of $L({\mathrm{log}}L)$
L
(
log
L
)
type.
Positive ground states for nonlinearly coupled Choquard type equations with lower critical exponents
Authors: Wu Huiling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the coupled Choquard type system with lower critical exponents$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u+\lambda _{1}(x)u=\mu _{1}(I_{\alpha }* \vert u \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert u \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}u+\beta (I_{\alpha }* \vert v \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert u \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}u,\quad x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \\ -\Delta v+\lambda _{2}(x)v=\mu _{2}(I_{\alpha }* \vert v \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert v \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}v+\beta (I_{\alpha }* \vert u \vert ^{ \frac{N+\alpha }{N}}) \vert v \vert ^{\frac{\alpha }{N}-1}v,\quad x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \\ u, v\in H^{1}({\mathbb{R}}^{N}), \end{cases} $${−Δu+λ1(x)u=μ1(Iα∗|u|N+αN)|u|αN−1u+β(Iα∗|v|N+αN)|u|αN−1u,x∈RN,−Δv+λ2(x)v=μ2(Iα∗|v|N+αN)|v|αN−1v+β(Iα∗|u|N+αN)|v|αN−1v,x∈RN,u,v∈H1(RN),where$N\ge 3$N≥3,$\mu _{1}, \mu _{2}, \beta >0$μ1,μ2,β>0, and$\lambda _{1}(x)$λ1(x),$\lambda _{2}(x)$λ2(x)are nonnegative functions. The existence of at least one positive ground state of this system is proved under certain assumptions on$\lambda _{1}$λ1,$\lambda _{2}$λ2.
Analysis of fractional multi-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Ali Shah Nehad , Agarwal Praveen , Dong Chung Jae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a hybrid method called variational iteration transform method has been implemented to solve fractional-order Navier–Stokes equation. Caputo operator describes fractional-order derivatives. The solutions of three examples are presented to show the validity of the current method without using Adomian and He’s polynomials. The results of the proposed method are shown and analyzed with the help of figures. It is shown that the proposed method is found to be efficient, reliable, and easy to implement for various related problems of science and engineering.
Optimization of cultivation medium and cyclic fed-batch fermentation strategy for enhanced polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Bacillus thuringiensis using a glucose-rich hydrolyzate
Authors: Singh Sarisha , Sithole Bruce , Lekha Prabashni , Permaul Kugenthiren , Govinden Roshini 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe accumulation of petrochemical plastic waste is detrimental to the environment. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial-derived polymers utilized for the production of bioplastics. PHA-plastics exhibit mechanical and thermal properties similar to conventional plastics. However, high production cost and obtaining high PHA yield and productivity impedes the widespread use of bioplastics. This study demonstrates the concept of cyclic fed-batch fermentation (CFBF) for enhanced PHA productivity by Bacillus thuringiensis using a glucose-rich hydrolyzate as the sole carbon source. The statistically optimized fermentation conditions used to obtain high cell density biomass (OD600 of 2.4175) were: 8.77 g L−1 yeast extract; 66.63% hydrolyzate (v/v); a fermentation pH of 7.18; and an incubation time of 27.22 h. The CFBF comprised three cycles of 29 h, 52 h, and 65 h, respectively. After the third cyclic event, cell biomass of 20.99 g L−1, PHA concentration of 14.28 g L−1, PHA yield of 68.03%, and PHA productivity of 0.219 g L−1 h−1 was achieved. This cyclic strategy yielded an almost threefold increase in biomass concentration and a fourfold increase in PHA concentration compared with batch fermentation. FTIR spectra of the extracted PHAs display prominent peaks at the wavelengths unique to PHAs. A copolymer was elucidated after the first cyclic event, whereas, after cycles CFBF 2–4, a terpolymer was noted. The PHAs obtained after CFBF cycle 3 have a slightly higher thermal stability compared with commercial PHB. The cyclic events decreased the melting temperature and degree of crystallinity of the PHAs. The approach used in this study demonstrates the possibility of coupling fermentation strategies with hydrolyzate derived from lignocellulosic waste as an alternative feedstock to obtain high cell density biomass and enhanced PHA productivity.
Association between age and infection in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Algowhary Magdy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in young patients has a unique risk profile. We aimed to detect bacteria in aspirate of infarct artery in young versus old patients.

Results
Aspirates of consecutive 140 patients who underwent a primary coronary intervention were taken for bacteriological, microscopical, and immunohistochemical (for bacterial pneumolysin) examinations. Their results were calculated in young (≤ 50 years) versus old (> 50 years) patients. Median age (interquartile range) was 45 (38–48) years in young (60 patients) and 59 (55–65) years in old (80 patients) patients, p < 0.0001. Both groups had similar baseline data except age, males, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, family history, lesion length, and ectatic vessel. Different bacteria were cultured in 11.3% of all patients involving 22.6% of young and 2.8% of old patients [hazard ratio 8.03 (95% CI 1.83–51.49), p = 0.002]. By multivariate analyses, age groups and leukocytic count were independent predictors of infection (bacteria and pneumolysin), p = 0.027 and p < 0.0001, respectively. Optimal cutoff value of leukocytic count was 12,250 cells/μl [ROC curve sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 86.4%, and AUC 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–1.0), p < 0.001]. Infection was an independent predictor of STEMI in young versus old patients, p < 0.001. Nevertheless, in-hospital events occurred insignificantly different and neither age groups nor infection was predictor of in-hospital events.

Conclusions
Young patients had significantly higher percentage of bacteria in their infarcted artery than old patients. High leukocytic count in patients below 50 predicts infection that causes acute myocardial infarction. Antibacterial trials directed toward this group are required for secondary prevention.
Vascular Myelopathies
Authors: Zalewski Nicholas L. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Neurologists should be able to identify clinical and neuroimaging features that distinguish vascular disorders from other causes of myelopathy.

RECENT FINDINGS
Although certain clinical features suggest a vascular etiology in acute and chronic myelopathy settings, accurate MRI interpretation within the clinical context is key. Recent studies have shown vascular myelopathies are frequently misdiagnosed as transverse myelitis, and recognition of this diagnostic pitfall is important. Many different vascular mechanisms can cause myelopathy; this article provides a comprehensive review that simplifies disease categories into arterial ischemia, venous congestion/ischemia, hematomyelia, and extraparenchymal hemorrhage.

SUMMARY
It is important to recognize and manage vascular disorders of the spinal cord as significant causes of acute, subacute, and progressive myelopathy.
Neuroimaging of Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina Disorders
Authors: Diehn Felix E. , Krecke Karl N. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the neuroimaging of disorders of the spinal cord and cauda equina, with a focus on MRI. An anatomic approach is used; diseases of the extradural, intradural-extramedullary, and intramedullary (parenchymal) compartments are considered, and both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions are covered. Differentiating imaging features are highlighted.

RECENT FINDINGS
Although T2-hyperintense signal abnormality of the spinal cord can have myriad etiologies, neuroimaging can provide specific diagnoses or considerably narrow the differential diagnosis in many cases. Intradural-extramedullary lesions compressing the spinal cord have a limited differential diagnosis and are usually benign; meningiomas and schwannomas are most common. Extradural lesions can often be specifically diagnosed. Disk herniations are the most commonly encountered mass of the epidural space. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy can cause a characteristic pattern of enhancement, which may be mistaken for an intrinsic myelopathy. A do-not-miss diagnosis of the extradural compartment is idiopathic spinal cord herniation, the appearance of which can overlap with arachnoid cysts and webs. Regarding intrinsic causes of myelopathy, the lesions of multiple sclerosis are characteristically short segment but can be confluent when multiple. Postcontrast MRI can be particularly helpful, including when attempting to differentiate the long-segment myelopathy of neurosarcoidosis and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG–seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and when characterizing spinal cord tumors such as primary neoplasms and metastases. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is another do-not-miss diagnosis, with characteristic MRI features both precontrast and postcontrast. Tract-specific white matter involvement can be a clue for diseases such as subacute combined degeneration, paraneoplastic myelopathy, and radiation myelitis, whereas gray matter–specific involvement can suggest conditions such as cord infarct, viral myelitis, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG associated disorder.

SUMMARY
Knowledge of the neuroimaging findings of the many causes of spinal cord and cauda equina dysfunction is critical for both neurologists and neuroradiologists. A structured approach to lesion compartmental location and imaging feature characterization is recommended.
Infectious Myelopathies
Authors: Toledano Michel 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews infectious etiologies of spinal cord dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of recognizing common clinicoradiographic syndromes and interpreting them in the context of exposure risk and individual host susceptibilities.

RECENT FINDINGS
This article discusses the shifting spectrum of neurologic infectious diseases, the growing population of patients who are immunocompromised, and the emergence of effective antiretroviral therapies. In addition, it discusses new molecular and serologic tests that have the potential to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately diagnose infectious diseases of the spine.

SUMMARY
When evaluating patients with suspected infectious myelopathies, it is imperative to narrow the range of pathogens under consideration. The geography, seasonality, and clinicoradiographic presentation and immunocompetence status of the patient define the range of potential pathogens and should guide testing and initial management.