bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy manifesting hypertensive crisis induced by metoclopramide
Authors: Takai Y , Seki H , Kinoshita K 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPheochromocytoma is a rare disease that may occur during pregnancy. Antenatal diagnosis is essential to improve fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity, but is difficult. A hypertensive crisis was induced by metoclopramide, a widely used anti‐emetic, in a pregnant normotensive woman. Biochemical measurements of plasma and urine catecholamines and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) established the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. She was medically treated with prazocin and electively delivered by cesarean section simultaneously with tumor resection.
ET‐18‐OCH3‐induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in rat astrocytes
Authors: Renis Marcella , Cardile Venera , Palumbo Maddalena , Russo Alessandra 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe ether lipid 1‐octadecyl‐2‐methyl‐rac‐glicero‐3‐phosphocholine (ET‐18‐OCH3) is known to be selectively cytotoxic toward several types of tumor cells, in which it seems to activate a process of apoptotic cell death. Moreover, the drug has been demonstrated to be active in normal cells too, particularly in rat astrocytes. In these cells at low dosage (from 1 to 6 μg/ml of medium) ET‐18‐OCH3 stimulates maturation and protective responses, whereas at increasing dosages (from 8 to 20 μg/ml) it shows cytotoxic effects. The present study demonstrates that when ET‐18‐OCH3 is added to astrocytes, it activates, in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, an oxidative process by increasing both the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation. When there is a high ET‐18‐OCH3 concentration or the time of treatment is prolonged, the increased oxidative condition seems to trigger DNA fragmentation (monitored by COMET assay) as well as loss in cell viability. These cytotoxic effects indicate that ROS may be considered, in our experimental model, as executioners of a program of cell death. In addition, ET‐18‐OCH3 being a promising molecule in antitumor therapy, our data, while reinforcing the importance of monitoring the therapeutic drug dosage employed, also suggest that it may be useful to associate some antioxidants with antitumor treatments.
Cloning, characterization and developmental expression of α2,8 sialyltransferase (GD3 synthase, ST8Sia I) gene in chick brain and retina
Authors: Daniotti Jose L. , Fritz Víctor Rosales , Kunda Patricia , Nishi Tatsunari , Maccioni Hugo J.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGD3 and GM2 synthases act on ganglioside GM3 at the branching point of the pathway of synthesis of gangliosides in which the “a”, “b” and “c” families are produced. The relative activities of these enzymes are important for regulating the ganglioside composition of a given tissue. In the present work, we report the cloning and characterization of a chick GD3 synthase cDNA. The cloned cDNA directed the synthesis of a functionally active enzyme in transiently transfected CHO‐K1 cells and was highly homologous to mammalian GD3 synthases. In Northern blot experiments the cDNA detected a single specific GD3 synthase mRNA of about 9.0 kb both in the chicken brain and retina. The abundance of the specific mRNA transcript declined steadily from E7–E9 to very low values around PN2. The levels of enzyme activities measured at the same developmental stages roughly followed the changes of specific mRNA levels in both tissues. Insitu hybridization of embryonic neural retina cells in culture showed that both glial‐ and neuron‐like cells expressed the specific GD3 synthase mRNA, although with different intensities. Results indicate that transcription and/or stability of the specific GD3 synthase mRNA constitute a level of control of the expression of GD3 synthase and indirectly of the ganglioside composition in the developing chicken central nervous system (CNS).
Postnatal development of somatostatin‐ andneuropeptide y‐immunoreactive neurons in rat cerebralcortex : a double‐labeling immunohistochemical study
Authors: Lee Eun Young , Lee Tae Soo , Baik Sang Ho , Cha Choong Ik 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe postnatal development of somatostatin (SOM)‐ and neuropeptide Y(NPY)‐immunoreactive (ir) neurons was examined in rat cerebral cortex, while considering theircoexistence in cortical neurons. Using double immunohistochemical staining for SOM and NPYwith diaminobenzidine and benzidine dihydrochloride as chromogens, we subdividedimmunoreactive cells into double‐labeled SOM/NPY‐, SOM only‐, and NPY only‐ir neurons.SOM/NPY‐ and SOM only‐ir neurons were detectable even at the day of birth, in contrast toNPY only‐ir cells which first appeared in most cortices from week two. The morphologicalfeatures of double‐labeled SOM/NPY neurons differed with those of SOM only‐ and NPYonly‐ir neurons. No apparent changes in the shape and size of single‐labeled neurons occurredwith age ; throughout their postnatal life they were round and ovoid, had a thin rim ofperinuclear cytoplasm, and short processes. However, the features of SOM/NPY‐ir neurons werenot consistent according to postnatal age ; by day P7, these neurons showed immature featuresand they began to show more advanced neuronal characteristics by week P2, when they had alarger and more intensely‐stained cytoplasm. In addition, their processes were longer, thicker andmore complex than at earlier ages. At this age, SOM/NPY‐ir somata were close to their nearmaximum size. From week P4, they became smaller and were lightly labeled. SOM/NPY‐irsomata were larger than SOM only‐ and NPY only‐ir somata at and after two weeks of age. Thepresent results, showing different postnatal maturation patterns such as time of appearance andmorphological features, raise the possibilities that double‐labeled SOM/NPY and single‐labeledimmunoreactive neurons may be different populations regulated by different mechanisms in theirdevelopment, and with different functional properties during development.
Expression of the proteolytic factors, tPA and uPA, PAI‐1 and VEGF during malignant glioma progression
Authors: Sandström Maria , Johansson Mikael , Sandström Jan , Bergenheim A.Tommy , Henriksson Roger 
Published: July 2002

AbstractVarious proteases and their inhibitors have been shown to be important in tumor invasion. Angiogenesis is further a prerequisite for the growth and progression of solid tumors. Since these systems are functionally linked, in situ hybridization and in situ zymography were used to investigate the spatial and temporal expression of factors representative of the plasmin/plasminogen system and of an angiogenic factor in the BT4C glioma model. This tumor is invasive with a high grade of neovascularization. Tissue‐type plasminogen activator urokinase‐type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 mRNA were expressed in glioma cells during the entire tumor growth. Early in the tumor development the expression was found throughout the small tumor (approximately 10 mm3) while later in the time course the expression was found predominantly in the invasive tumor border of the tumor. The in situ zymography demonstrated that the plasminogen activators were translated into functional proteins. Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was expressed following a similar spatial and temporal pattern with an early expression in the entire small tumor while later, in larger tumors, it was exclusively expressed in the invasive tumor edge. In normal brain, the ventricular ependyma, meningies, as well as scattered neurons expressed tissue‐type plasminogen activator mRNA. Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was observed in the choroid plexus, and in scattered cells in normal brain tissue. Our finding may suggest a functional co‐operation of tissue‐type plasminogen activator, urokinase‐type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor during glioma progression. This model could be of value when evaluating different treatment modalities aimed at blocking the migrating capacity and growth of glial tumors.
Molecular Evolution of Reef‐Building Corals
Authors: Forsman Zac H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Reef‐building corals form complex structures foundational to one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. These ecosystems are sensitive to anthropogenic influence and are rapidly collapsing, threatening loss of biodiversity that is poorly understood yet key to understanding the past, documenting the present and predicting the future capacity to adapt. For centuries, coral taxonomy and systematics was based on morphology, but genetic studies over the past few decades have radically reshaped our view of the coral tree of life, uncovering examples of convergent and parallel evolution, potential hybridisation or recent divergence and extreme phenotypic variation and plasticity. Biotechnology is enabling a new high‐resolution view of evolutionary processes, revealing coevolution between the host and symbionts, recent speciation and potential mechanisms for adaptation across habitats. Biologists are racing against time to discover biodiversity before it is lost and to try to understand if reef‐building corals can adapt to keep pace with the changing oceans.

Reef building corals provide the foundation for one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth.

Reef‐building corals have a unique symbiotic partnership with highly specialised dinoflagellate algae that enables calcification and reef formation in nutrient‐poor water, but the partnership is highly vulnerable to marine heatwaves that have resulted in widespread coral bleaching and reduced coral cover.

The evolution of corals is poorly understood due to high morphological variation and early limits of molecular markers.

Corals have an excellent fossil record, but genetic data has revealed that morphology is less reliable than previously thought with surprising cases of convergent evolution and phenotypic plasticity.

Genomic data is revolutionising coral conservation by providing insights into resilience to coral bleaching, uncovering new cryptic species and surprising diversification and specialisation across habitats while identifying new rare and endemic species threatened with extinction.
Terrestrialisation (Precambrian–Devonian)
Authors: Selden Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The emergence of plants and animals from the sea on to land – terrestrialisation – was one of the major advances in the history of life on Earth. Evidence for early colonisation is poor, but the fossil record reveals that by mid‐Palaeozoic times complex terrestrial ecosystems had become established. The first phase of land colonisation by organisms may have started in the Precambrian, some 2.6 Ga ago, in the form of microbially bound alluvial sands. The second phase began in earnest in Ordovician times, when early land plants, in the form of bryophyte‐like spores, first appeared in the fossil record. By the Silurian, true vascular plants were present, and these green swards were inhabited by mainly detritivorous and predatory arthropods. By the late Devonian, true forests had developed, but it was not until the latest Palaeozoic that modern‐type terrestrial ecosystems, with abundant herbivores in the food chain, appeared.

Organisms need to overcome many physiological barriers when colonising the land from the sea.

Conditions on the early Earth (∼4.6–1.0 Ga) were inhospitable to terrestrial life.

Microbial crusts were likely the earliest land life.

Higher plants appeared on land in the Ordovician period; vascular plants in the Silurian.

The first land animals (Silurian) were detritivorous and predatory arthropods.

Modern‐type ecosystems, with abundant herbivory and vertebrates, came in the latest Palaeozoic.
Online dating applications and risk of youth victimization: A lifestyle exposure perspective
Authors: Kaakinen Markus , Koivula Aki , Savolainen Iina , Sirola Anu , Mikkola Marko , Zych Izabela , Paek Hye‐Jin , Oksanen Atte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBased on lifestyle exposure theory (LET), this study examined online dating application (ODA) use and victimization experiences among adolescents using large cross‐national samples of Finnish, American, Spanish, and South Korean young people between ages 15 and 18. According to logistic regression analyses in two substudies, ODA use was associated with more likely victimization to online harassment, online sexual harassment, and other cybercrimes and sexual victimization by adults and peers. According to mediation analyses, this relationship was mainly accounted for by the fact that ODA users engage in more risky activities in online communication and information sharing. Attention should be paid to the risks ODAs pose to vulnerable groups, such as young people, with insufficient skills to regulate their social relationships online.
I2‐Promoted [3+2] Cyclization of 1,3‐Diketones with Potassium Thiocyanate: a Route to Thiazol‐2(3H)‐One Derivatives
Authors: An Zhenyu , Liu Yafeng , Zhao Pengbo , Yan Rulong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn I2‐promoted strategy has been developed for the synthesis of thiazol‐2(3H)‐one derivatives from 1,3‐diketones with potassium thiocyanate. This [3+2] cyclization reaction involves C−S and C−N bond formation and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A series of thiazol‐2(3H)‐one derivatives are obtained in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Expanding the clinical spectrum in trichohepatoenteric syndrome
Authors: Dorum Sevil , Gorukmez Ozlem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which is characterized by intractable diarrhea during infancy, dysmorphic features, immunodeficiency, and a failure to thrive. There are still significant difficulties for patients and clinicians in terms of the management of THES, even though its molecular basis has been uncovered in the last decade. In this article, we have presented two cases relating to siblings that have been diagnosed with the condition. Concerning one of the patients, we described a novel variation (c.2114 + 5G > A) in the TTC37 gene and a mild clinical course; meanwhile, the other one was clinically diagnosed with THES at 17 years of age, but they had seizures and died suddenly. These cases expand the spectrum of clinical findings in relation to THES.
Contemporary experience of polyhydramnios: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Kyriacou Christopher , Roper Louise , Mappouridou Stephanie , Lees Christoph , Prior Tomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPolyhydramnios is common; the majority of cases are idiopathic, but maybe associated with fetal abnormality. Literature suggests the volume of amniotic fluid discriminates idiopathic from pathological polyhydramnios but is not unanimous. We assessed fetal anomaly incidence amongst women with polyhydramnios and the role of discriminatory variables in identifying pathological cases.MethodsRetrospective observational cohort study at an inner‐city London fetal medicine centre. Records for patients referred and/or diagnosed with polyhydramnios were reviewed as well as maternal/fetal demographics, amongst singleton pregnancies using the Astraia™ database from January 2015–2016. Estimated fetal weight was calculated using the Hadlock model (biometry undertaken at diagnosis). Student's t‐test/one‐way ANOVA compared means; chi‐squared tests compared proportions.Results120 cases were identified. 36 (30%) had fetal abnormality. There was no difference in AFI between fetuses with an abnormality and without (26.7 vs 25.2 cm, P = 0.22). AFI was normalised for weight (AFI (cm)/estimated fetal weight (kg)): AFI/kg was significantly different between cases with fetal abnormality and without (24.4 vs 16.7 cm/kg, P < 0.001) – incidence of abnormality increased with increasing AFI/kg (P = 0.007). Early gestational diagnosis was associated with higher rates of anomaly (P = 0.004). Differences in AFI/kg between those with and without abnormality were not significant when adjusted for gestation. AFI was significantly higher in cases of abnormality diagnosed at later gestation (P = 0.005).ConclusionExcess volume of amniotic fluid alone does not denote abnormality. Earlier gestations and higher AFI/kg corresponded with significantly increased rates of anomaly. However, the latter is a result of confounding by gestation, which is closely correlated with fetal weight.
Be2(BO3)(IO3): The First Anion‐mixed Van der Waals Member in the KBe2BO3F2 Family with a Very Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response
Authors: Peng Guang , Lin Chensheng , Fan Huixin , Chen Kaichuang , Li Bingxuan , Zhang Ge , Ye Ning 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo obtain new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with a large second harmonic generation (SHG) effect has always been a great challenge. We have synthesized the first metal borate‐iodate NLO crystal, Be2(BO3)(IO3) (BBIO), by multicomponent modification of KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF), in which the structural features of KBBF were maintained and (IO3)− groups were connected to honeycomb [Be2BO3O2]∞ layers. As the first KBBF family member with mixed anionic groups, BBIO benefited from the synergistic effect of (IO3)−, (BO3)3− and (BeO4)6− groups, and exhibited a very strong SHG response of ≈7.2×KH2PO4 (KDP, @1064 nm) and a large birefringence (Δn) of 0.172 at 1064 nm. BBIO may, unexpectedly, optimize growth habits via van der Waals forces. This study presents borate‐iodate as a new NLO material and it demonstrates opportunities in KBBF structural engineering.
Platin‐vermittelte Kupplung von B=N‐Einheiten: Synthese von BNBN‐Analoga von 1,3‐Dienen und Butatrien
Authors: Brunecker Carina , Arrowsmith Merle , Fantuzzi Felipe , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDie 1:2‐Reaktion von [μ‐(dmpm)Pt(nbe)]2 (dmpm=Bis(dimethylphosphino)methan, nbe=Norbornen) mit Cl2BNR(SiMe3) (R=tBu, SiMe3) führt durch eine B‐N‐Kupplung über eine ClSiMe3‐Eliminierung zu unsymmetrischen (N‐Aminoboryl)aminoboryl‐PtI2‐Komplexen. Eine anschließende intramolekulare ClSiMe3‐Eliminierung des tBu‐Derivats führt zu einer Cyclisierung der BNBN‐Einheit unter Bildung eines einzigartigen 1,3,2,4‐Diazadiboretidin‐2‐yl‐Liganden. Im Gegensatz hierzu steht die analoge Reaktion mit Br2BN(SiMe3)2, die über eine zweifache BrSiMe3‐Eliminierung zu einem PtII2‐A‐Frame‐Komplex führt, der von einem linearen Isoster des Butatriens verbrückt wird. Strukturelle und theoretische Daten bestätigen eine π‐Elektronen‐Delokalisierung über die gesamte BNBN‐Einheit.
The Enantioselective Synthesis of Eburnamonine, Eucophylline, and 16′‐epi‐Leucophyllidine
Authors: Reimann Christopher E. , Ngamnithiporn Aurapat , Hayashida Kohei , Saito Daisuke , Korch Katerina M. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA synthetic approach to the heterodimeric bisindole alkaloid leucophyllidine is disclosed herein. An enantioenriched lactam building block, synthesized through palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation, served as the precursor to both hemispheres. The eburnamonine‐derived fragment was synthesized through a Bischler–Napieralski/hydrogenation approach, while the eucophylline‐derived fragment was synthesized by Friedländer quinoline synthesis and two sequential C−H functionalization steps. A convergent Stille coupling and phenol‐directed hydrogenation united the two monomeric fragments to afford 16′‐epi‐leucophyllidine in 21 steps from commercial material.
Prevalence of nonsensical algorithmically generated papers in the scientific literature
Authors: Cabanac Guillaume , Labbé Cyril 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 2014 leading publishers withdrew more than 120 nonsensical publications automatically generated with the SCIgen program. Casual observations suggested that similar problematic papers are still published and sold, without follow‐up retractions. No systematic screening has been performed and the prevalence of such nonsensical publications in the scientific literature is unknown. Our contribution is 2‐fold. First, we designed a detector that combs the scientific literature for grammar‐based computer‐generated papers. Applied to SCIgen, it has a 83.6% precision. Second, we performed a scientometric study of the 243 detected SCIgen‐papers from 19 publishers. We estimate the prevalence of SCIgen‐papers to be 75 per million papers in Information and Computing Sciences. Only 19% of the 243 problematic papers were dealt with: formal retraction (12) or silent removal (34). Publishers still serve and sometimes sell the remaining 197 papers without any caveat. We found evidence of citation manipulation via edited SCIgen bibliographies. This work reveals metric gaming up to the point of absurdity: fraudsters publish nonsensical algorithmically generated papers featuring genuine references. It stresses the need to screen papers for nonsense before peer‐review and chase citation manipulation in published papers. Overall, this is yet another illustration of the harmful effects of the pressure to publish or perish.
Harmonizing and publishing heterogeneous premodern manuscript metadata as Linked Open Data
Authors: Koho Mikko , Burrows Toby , Hyvönen Eero , Ikkala Esko , Page Kevin , Ransom Lynn , Tuominen Jouni , Emery Doug , Fraas Mitch , Heller Benjamin , Lewis David , Morrison Andrew , Porte Guillaume , Thomson Emma , Velios Athanasios , Wijsman Hanno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractManuscripts are a crucial form of evidence for research into all aspects of premodern European history and culture, and there are numerous databases devoted to describing them in detail. This descriptive information, however, is typically available only in separate data silos based on incompatible data models and user interfaces. As a result, it has been difficult to study manuscripts comprehensively across these various platforms. To address this challenge, a team of manuscript scholars and computer scientists worked to create “Mapping Manuscript Migrations” (MMM), a semantic portal, and a Linked Open Data service. MMM stands as a successful proof of concept for integrating distinct manuscript datasets into a shared platform for research and discovery with the potential for future expansion. This paper will discuss the major products of the MMM project: a unified data model, a repeatable data transformation pipeline, a Linked Open Data knowledge graph, and a Semantic Web portal. It will also examine the crucial importance of an iterative process of multidisciplinary collaboration embedded throughout the project, enabling humanities researchers to shape the development of a digital platform and tools, while also enabling the same researchers to ask more sophisticated and comprehensive research questions of the aggregated data.
Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris with alum and pH adjustment
Authors: Mohseni Farnaz , Moosavi Zenooz Alireza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroalgae, a group of photosynthetic microorganisms, are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production, but their biomass retrieval is a challenging task. Flocculation is a feasible method for dewatering and harvesting microalgae biomass. In the current study, the effect of alum flocculation on Chlorella vulgaris biomass retrieval has been studied. Alum structural changes with pH were led to a full factorial design to address the effect of this chemical structure changes at different pH values. It is observed that the best flocculation efficiency could be achieved in the natural pH value of C. vulgaris growth medium (8.2) with less than 0.5 g/L flocculant addition, which would lead to the flocculation efficiency of more than 90%. An ensemble architecture of neural networks successfully employed for flocculation modeling.