bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity biomarkers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Askari Mohammadreza , Mozaffari Hadis , Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Jafari Alireza , Surkan Pamela J. , Amini Mohammad Reza , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: January 2021

Evidence suggests that garlic supplementation may have an effect on oxidative stress by augmenting the rate of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants and diminishing pro‐oxidant enzymes. Given inconsistencies across studies, we aimed to systematically review the current literature and quantify the effects of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress. We conducted a systematic search with multiple databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) to find relevant articles published prior to October 2020. Results were reported as bias‐corrected standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random‐effects models. Cochrane's Q and I squared (I2) tests were used to determine heterogeneity among the studies included. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Garlic doses ranged from 80 to 4,000 mg/day, and intervention duration varied between 2 and 24 weeks. Garlic supplementation increased serum level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (Hedges' g: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.37 to 4.17, p < 0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Hedges' g: 13.76, 95% CI: 4.24 to 23.29, p = 0.004), while it reduced the malondialdehyde serum level (MDA) (Hedges' g: ‐1.94, 95% CI: −3.17 to −0.70, p = 0.002). Due to limited data available, glutathione (GSH) was not considered for the current meta‐analysis. The nonlinear dose‐response effect of garlic supplementation was not observed with regard to serum TAC and MDA levels (TAC: p‐nonlinearity = 0.398; MDA: p‐nonlinearity = 0.488). Garlic supplementation appears to improve serum levels of TAC, MDA, and SOD. Garlic supplementation may be useful to reduce oxidative stress and related diseases. Future studies with large sample sizes and longer duration are required to confirm these findings.
Water quality impacts of small hydroelectric power plants in a tributary to the Pantanal floodplain, Brazil
Authors: da Cruz Rúbia Fantin , Hamilton Stephen K. , Tritico Hans M. , Fantin‐Cruz Ibraim , de Figueiredo Daniela Maimoni , Zeilhofer Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmall hydroelectric power (SHP) facilities are proliferating around the world, including in Brazil where legislation encourages SHP over other hydropower development, defining SHP as facilities with installed capacities of 3–30 MW and reservoirs <13 km2. SHP facilities are often diversion designs with small or no reservoirs, while other SHPs have more conventional dams that create extensive reservoirs. This study seeks to understand the relative impacts of these two different designs on downstream water quality, comparing a conventional SHP system on the main stem to a complex of smaller SHPs with diversion designs in lower‐order reaches of the São Lourenço River. This river delivers nutrients and sediments to the Pantanal, one of the world's largest floodplain ecosystems. Samples collected upstream and downstream of each set of facilities over a range of flows revealed that the conventional SHP reservoir significantly reduced pH, dissolved oxygen, total iron, suspended solids, and turbidity consistent with observations in many other reservoirs. In contrast, water quality changes downstream of the smaller SHPs were less pronounced and could be attributable to natural variability. An analysis of energy production versus water quality impacts suggests that SHPs on the smaller tributaries are favorable compared to the conventional SHP in terms of water quality impacts. With the proposed addition of dozens of new facilities in the upland watersheds draining into the Pantanal, this study improves our understanding of the relative impacts of different designs of SHPs on downstream water quality, while recognizing that water quality is just one of several potential impacts to be considered.
Link predictions for incomplete network data with outcome misclassification
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Zhen , Ma Tianzhou , Waltz James , Milton Donald , Chen Shuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLink prediction is a fundamental problem in network analysis. In a complex network, links can be unreported and/or under detection limits due to heterogeneous sources of noise and technical challenges during data collection. The incomplete network data can lead to an inaccurate inference of network based data analysis. We propose a parametric link prediction model and consider latent links as misclassified binary outcomes. We develop new algorithms to optimize model parameters and yield robust predictions of unobserved links. Theoretical properties of the predictive model are also discussed. We apply the new method to a partially observed social network data and incomplete brain network data. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing latent‐link prediction methods.
Seaweed Mediated Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticancer Applications
Authors: Anjali K. P. , Sangeetha B. M. , Raghunathan R. , Devi Geetha , Dutta Susmita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous extracts of seaweeds, Ulva lactuca, and Stoechospermum marginatum and their antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity have been reported. The UV absorption peaks at 310 nm and 345 nm confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs using U.lactuca (Ul‐ZnO) and S.marginatum (Sm‐ZnO), respectively. The XRD patterns indicated the crystalline nature of ZnO NPs with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that the ZnO NPs contain spherical and round‐shaped particles with a size range of 12–17 nm for Ul‐ZnO and 6–11 nm for Sm‐ZnO NPs. The antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of both the NPs (Sm‐ZnO and Ul‐ZnO) were comparable. The results of the cytotoxicity assay of Ul‐ZnO and Sm‐ZnO NPs revealed that Ul‐ZnO NPs recorded the maximum mortality rate of 97.34 % with an IC50 value of 91.18 μg/ml.
Benzopyranyl Phosphonate and β‐Phosphono Malonates Derivatives: An Exciting Breakthrough in Chemistry
Authors: Deshmukh Satish U. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Pawar Rajendra P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this review, we paid attention to the reported methods and recent advances in the development of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromen‐4‐yl‐phosphonates and functionalized β‐phosphonomalonates heterocyclic compound. Small‐molecular architectures are considered with the highlighting on their structural design and synthesis approach. The scope of the 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromen‐4‐yl‐phosphonates and functionalized β‐phosphonomalonates heterocyclic compound via reactions like Knoevenagel, Pinner‐cyclisation and advanced phospha‐Michael addition reactions using different catalyst for synthesis is listed up to 2020.
Direct Synthesis, Characterization and Theoretical Studies of N‐(6‐Amino‐1,3‐dimethyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐5‐yl)benzamide Derivatives
Authors: Das Tushar , Ranjan Amit , Sieroń Lesław , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Das Subrata 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the far‐flung importance of uracil and amides in innumerable fields of chemistry and biology, a coherent synthesis that nullifies the use of prodigal reagents, methods and catalysts are hugely accepted. From the present outcomes, we report a highly atom profitable nucleophilic addition reaction of aromatic aldehydes and heterocyclic amines for the generation of amides having an excellent yield and high reproducibility. The main force responsible for the forward reaction is the presence of the nitroso group at the C‐5 position on uracil scaffold, which drives the formation of formidable range products. The conclusive mechanism is based on the dehydrogenation reaction of the carbinolamine product formed during the nucleophilic addition reaction of the aromatic aldehyde with the free heterocyclic amino group to yield the corresponding amides. The synthesized compounds were predicated for biological properties and proved it to be an ideal G protein‐coupled receptor kinase2 (GRK2) inhibitor. Out of all, the compound 3 f showed the most preeminent properties when compared to Paroxetine, studied using molecular docking. At the same time, computed ADME analysis proved them as an ideal drug candidate. Our findings not only prophesize new methods for the synthesis of bioactive‐amides using a cross‐coupling strategy but also demonstrates their novel applications as a human GRK2 inhibitor.
Self‐perceived acute psychological stress and risk of mortality, recurrence and disability after stroke: Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study
Authors: Mokhber Naghmeh , Sheikh Andalibi Mohammad Sobhan , Morovatdar Negar , Thrift Amanda G. , Kapral Moira K. , Stranges Saverio , Saber Hamidreza , Farzadfard Mohammad Taghi , Amiri Amin , Akbarzadeh Farzad , Ghanei Neda , Khorram Bita , Azarpazhooh Mahmoud Reza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis longitudinal study was designed to evaluate the association between acute pre‐stroke stress and the severity stroke and its outcomes including mortality, recurrence, disability and functional dependency. Patients with first‐ever stroke (FES) were recruited from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study. Patients were asked about any acute severe pre‐stroke stress in the 2 weeks prior to index stroke. Disability and functional disability were defined using modified the Rankin Scale and Barthel Index, respectively. We used logistic and ordinal regression tests to assess the association between acute pre‐stroke stress and study outcomes. Among 624 patients with FES, 169 reported acute pre‐stroke stress. Patients with acute pre‐stroke stress were younger than those without stress (60.7 ± 14.4 vs. 66.2 ± 14.7; p < 0.001). The frequency of traditional vascular risk factors was not different in patients with and without acute pre‐stroke stress. We did not find any association between acute pre‐stroke stress and stroke outcomes. Although acute stress was common in our cohort, our results did not support an association between acute pre‐stroke stress and the severity of stroke at admission and long‐term stroke outcomes.
Understanding the Development, Standardization, and Validation Process of Alternative In Vitro Test Methods for Regulatory Approval from a Researcher Perspective
Authors: Bas Aurora , Burns Nicole , Gulotta Andrew , Junker James , Drasler Barbara , Lehner Roman , Aicher Lothar , Constant Samuel , Petri‐Fink Alke , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to economic, practical, ethical, and scientific reasons, researchers, among others, are pushing for alternative in vitro test methods to replace or reduce existing animal experiments. In order for these tests to be more broadly used by the industrial sector and regulatory bodies, orchestrated efforts are required to show the robustness and reliability of in vitro methods, which can accelerate the use for early screening testing. Another way of increasing the use of alternatives is to coordinate validation studies, that is, multi‐laboratory trials, and to gain regulatory approval and instatement as test guidelines or standard method. However, awareness of the exact standardization, validation, and approval process has been a major obstacle for many researchers. Herein, the process has been broken down into three main phases: i) test method development; ii) intra‐ and inter‐laboratory validation; and iii) regulatory acceptance. This general process applies to all alternative methods seeking validation and approval, although the intricacies of different toxicological endpoints and/or chemical sectors may lead to additional work, particularly in the validation stage. The authors’ aim is to provide insight in the development process of alternative methods with a focus on in vitro cell culture methods over validation to regulatory acceptance.
Study 3D Endothelial Cell Network Formation under Various Oxygen Microenvironment and Hydrogel Composition Combinations Using Upside‐Down Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Hsu Heng‐Hua , Ko Ping‐Liang , Wu Hsiao‐Mei , Lin Hsi‐Chieh , Wang Chien‐Kai , Tung Yi‐Chung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFormation of 3D networks is a crucial process for endothelial cells during development of primary blood vessels under both normal and pathological conditions. In order to investigate effects of oxygen microenvironment and matrix composition on the 3D network formation, an upside‐down microfluidic cell culture device capable of generating oxygen gradients is developed in this paper. In cell experiments, network formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) within fibrinogen‐based hydrogels with different concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) is systematically studied. In addition, five different oxygen microenvironments (uniform normoxia, 5%, and 1% O2; oxygen gradients under normoxia and 5% O2) are also applied for the cell culture. The generated oxygen gradients are characterized based on fluorescence lifetime measurements. The experimental results show increased 3D cell network length when the cells are cultured under the oxygen gradients within the hydrogels with the HA addition suggesting their roles in promoting network formation. Furthermore, the formed networks tend to align along the direction of the oxygen gradients indicating the presence of gradient‐driven cellular response. The results demonstrate that the developed upside‐down microfluidic device can provide an advanced platform to investigate 3D cell culture under the controlled oxygen microenvironments for various biomedical studies in vitro.
Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating New In Vitro Methodologies in Hazard Testing and Risk Assessment
Authors: Burden Natalie , Clift Martin J. D. , Jenkins Gareth J. S. , Labram Briony , Sewell Fiona 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanomaterials are defined as materials with at least one dimension of 100 nm or less. Their small size confers unique properties that may alter the toxicity profile when compared to larger forms of the same material, requiring additional considerations for safety assessment. There has been a rise in the development of nanomaterials for many applications, and although traditional approaches for toxicity testing may address some of the new toxicity concerns, many may not be directly applicable to nanomaterials and new tools or approaches may need to be developed. Since nanomaterials can exist in many different forms, each of which may cause different adverse biological effects, reliance on traditional in vivo models for safety assessment will simply not be feasible or sustainable, given the volume of materials that may need to be tested. It is essential to consider and develop new in vitro methods that can be applied for hazard identification and risk assessment. Many challenges are associated with using alternative approaches to ensure they are as robust and reliable as traditional in vivo approaches, but by overcoming these issues and adopting new testing strategies there are opportunities to improve safety assessments and reduce the reliance on animal‐based toxicity testing strategies.
A Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Electrochemical Sensing and Application in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Yu Yan , Peng Jinrong , Pan Meng , Ming Yang , Li Yan , Yuan Liping , Liu Qingya , Han Ruxia , Hao Ying , Yang Yun , Hu Danrong , Li He , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of malignant tumors is essential for informing clinical decisions regarding therapeutic options. Current imaging and pathological diagnostic methods do not provide quantitative molecular information that is important in tumor identification. Moreover, pathological tissue analysis is dependent on unevenly distributed pathological features. The tumor microenvironment has been documented to have hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study presents a biologically sensitive and efficient H2O2 electrochemical sensor based on PtNi nanoparticle‐doped N‐reduced graphene oxide (PtNi‐N‐rGO) with a low detection limit (2.8 × 10–9 m), a fast response time (<6 s) and desirable anti‐interference characteristics. Herein, H2O2 is used as molecular biomarker. The sensor successfully captures H2O2 from cancer cells. In addition, it efficiently detects tumor tissues, adjacent tissues, and normal tissues. This study demonstrates the H2O2 sensor potential to rapidly detect tumor tissues. This technique provides a complementary method for pathological tumor diagnosis that is independent of the traditional pathology labs.
Hysteretic model of shear walls built with high‐strength reinforcement
Authors: Ni Xiangyong , Cao Shuangyin , Hou Yonghui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe seismic performance of shear walls reinforced with high‐strength bars has been experimentally studied in depth; however, limited analytical research exists on such walls. As part of this study, two shear walls reinforced with Grade HRB 600 bars and subjected to different axial load ratios (0.1 and 0.2) were tested under cyclic loading to study their hysteretic performance. As part of the analytical investigation, a method to model the hysteretic response of shear walls built with high‐strength bars is proposed, consisting of a skeleton curve and a set of empirical hysteretic rules. The skeleton curve consists of a simplified quadrilinear model, represented by points at cracking, yield, peak, and ultimate. The empirical hysteretic rules are based on the Park hysteretic model. The experimental test data in this paper were used to validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. The results show that the analytical lateral force‐displacement hysteretic curves are in reasonable agreement with the experimental curves, especially in terms of the loading and unloading stiffnesses and pinching behavior.
Typification and nomenclature of the names in the Santolina chamaecyparissus species complex (Asteraceae)
Authors: Giacò Antonio , Astuti Giovanni , Peruzzi Lorenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA nomenclatural revision of the Santolina chamaecyparissus species complex is presented. A detailed survey of original material for all names applied to members of the complex was performed, and 28 names are newly typified. The current usage of the names S. villosa and S. ericoides, relating to some Spanish and French populations, is discussed. The name S. villosa is applied to a taxon endemic to Spain, whereas S. ericoides is applied to those Spanish and French populations often traditionally referred to S. villosa.
Effect of high temperature toward microalgal organic matter and its impact toward membrane distillation application
Authors: Cheah Yi Tong , Lakbir Singh Harsimran Kaur Kler , Chan Derek Juinn Chieh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMembrane distillation (MD) frequently deals with membrane biofouling caused by deposition of algal organic matter (AOM) from algal blooms, hampering the treatment efficiency. In this study, AOMs, which are soluble extracellular polymeric substance (sEPS), bounded EPS (bEPS), and internal organic matter (IOM) from three benthic species (Amphora coffeaeformis, Cylindrotheca fusiformis, and Navicula incerta) were exposed to a temperature range to resemble the MD process. Results showed that EPS had higher polysaccharide fraction than protein with 85.71%, 68.26%, and 71.91% for A. coffeaeformis, N. incerta, and C. fusiformis, respectively. Both the EPS polysaccharide and protein concentration linearly increase with temperature, but the opposite was true for IOM and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) polysaccharide. At 80°C, 5812.94 μg/g out of 6304.28 μg/g polysaccharide in A. coffeaeformis was of low molecular weight (LMW); hence, these findings suggested that they were the major foulants to clog the narrow pores within virgin hydrophobic membrane, forming a conditioning layer followed by deposition of HMW and hydrophilic polysaccharides onto the macropores to cause irreversible fouling. Cell lysis occurring at higher temperature increases the total protein content about 25% within the EPS matrix, inducing membrane plugging via hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions. Overall, the AOM composition at different temperatures will likely dictate the fouling severity in MD.Practitioner points

EPS production of three benthic diatoms was the highest at 80°C.
EPS from diatoms consists of at least 75.29% of polysaccharides.
Small molecular weight carbohydrates (<12 kDa) were potential foulants.
Proteins of internal organic matter (>56%) give irreversible attachment towards membranes.
A. coffeaeformis was considered as the most fouling diatoms with highest EPS amount of 6304.28 μg/g.
6d (2, 0) and M-theory at 1-loop
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Chester Shai M. , Raj Himanshu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the stress tensor multiplet four-point function in the 6d maximally supersymmetric (2, 0) AN−1 and DN theories, which have no Lagrangian description, but in the large N limit are holographically dual to weakly coupled M-theory on AdS7× S4 and AdS7× S4/ℤ2, respectively. We use the analytic bootstrap to compute the 1-loop correction to this holographic correlator coming from Witten diagrams with supergravity R and the first higher derivative correction R4 vertices, which is the first 1-loop correction computed for a non-Lagrangian theory. We then take the flat space limit and find precise agreement with the corresponding terms in the 11d M-theory S-matrix, some of which we compute for the first time using two-particle unitarity cuts.
Einstein gravity from Conformal Gravity in 6D
Authors: Anastasiou Giorgos , Araya Ignacio J. , Olea Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We extend Maldacena’s argument, namely, obtaining Einstein gravity from Conformal Gravity, to six dimensional manifolds. The proof relies on a particular combination of conformal (and topological) invariants, which makes manifest the fact that 6D Conformal Gravity admits an Einstein sector. Then, by taking generalized Neumann boundary conditions, the Conformal Gravity action reduces to the renormalized Einstein-AdS action. These restrictions are implied by the vanishing of the traceless Ricci tensor, which is the defining property of any Einstein spacetime. The equivalence between Conformal and Einstein gravity renders trivial the Einstein solutions of 6D Critical Gravity at the bicritical point.
Light-front holographic ρ-meson distributions in the momentum space
Authors: Kaur Satvir , Mondal Chandan , Dahiya Harleen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present the leading-twist quark transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) for the spin-1 target, such as the ρ-meson, in the light-front framework. Specifically, we predict the TMDs in the light-front holographic model and compare with the light-front quark model predictions. We obtain the TMDs using the overlap of the light-front wave functions. We evaluate the k⊥ moments upto second order and compare with the available theoretical predictions. Further, we analyze the leading-twist parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the ρ-meson in the light-front holographic model which are found to be in accord with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and the light-front quark model predictions. We further study the QCD evolution of the PDFs. The positivity bounds on the TMDs and the PDFs are also discussed. We also present the quark spin densities in the transverse momentum plane for different polarization configurations of the quark and the ρ-meson target.