bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) DENGAN PEMAHAMAN JIWA KEAGAMAAN SISWA DI BENGKULU SELATAN
Authors: Chandra Pasmah , Della Carolina  
Published: January 2021

Islamic religious education taught in schools is an important subject for students. Islamic Religious Education does not only cover cognitive sense in the form of knowledge and material, but more broadly covers the psychomotor domain and especially the affective domain which leads to the formation of student morals. Even Islamic Religious Education instilled in students must be able to form a strong understanding of the religious soul in students. Some previous studies have not touched on the level of understanding of the religious soul in students as a result of Islamic Religious Education. Previous studies only discussed the extent of Islamic Religious Education is relationship with the formation of students' character or character. The purpose of the research is to find out the relationship of Islamic Religious Education learning with the understanding of students' religious souls. The research method that I use is a type of quantitative research using the product moment formula and the data collection tools used in the form of observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. The sample in this study amounted to 36 people. Based on the results of research and calculations with an error level of 5% (trust) and N (36), then r table = 0.329. Then the price r count is greater than r table or 0.696> 0.329. Thus the results were obtained that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between Islamic religious education learning and the understanding of the religious life of students of class sains in senior high school of 05 Bengkulu Selatan.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP BERBASIS KOMPUTER PADA PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad Shohibul , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Ramdani Agus , Al Idrus Agil 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen pemahaman konsep berbasis komputer yang valid sebagai alat ukur pemahaman konsep peserta didik pada mata pelajaran kimia dengan materi pokok struktur atom. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE meliputi tahap Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Pengujian instrumen dalam pembelajaran dilakukan pada peserta didik kelas X MIA MA Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, NTB. Desain uji coba penelitian ini menggunakan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase rata-rata nilai kelayakan instrumen dari ketiga validator sebesar 86.3% dengan kriteria sangal layak. Penggunan instrumen pemahaman konsep berbasis komputer pada uji coba terbatas mendapatkan nilai rata-rata dari guru dan peserta didik sebesar 80.4% dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa media instrumen pemahaman konsep berbasis komputer yang dikembangkan memiliki kriteria valid dan praktis untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE KOOPERATIF MODEL JIGSAW PADA SISWA KELAS V MI MIFTAHUL HUDA PUCANGAN MONTONG TUBAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Nurlaili Dina Hafni  , Muflihatun Nisa’  
Published: January 2021

This research is motivated by the fact that the still low learning outcomes of Social Sciences subjects in fifth grade MI Miftahul Huda Pucangan students. Possible learning methods that can affect student achievement are the cooperative jigsaw model. The problem of this research is to explain the efforts to improve learning outcomes of social science by applying the cooperative jigsaw method. The theories used in the conduct of this research include LAN about learning outcomes, social science and the cooperative jigsaw model method.
This research is expected to provide answers to the formulation of the problem (1) How is the application of the jigsaw cooperative method in the learning process of social science in class V MI Miftahul Huda Pucangan Montong Tuban in the academic year 2017/2018? and (2) Can the cooperative jigsaw method improve social studies learning outcomes for fifth grade MI Miftahul Huda Pucangan Montong Tuban students in the 2017/2018 academic year?
This type of research is classroom action research (CAR). The subjects of this study were 36 grade V students, consisting of 18 boys and 18 girls. This research lasted for 2 cycles. For data collection techniques used observation techniques and data collection tools in the form of test questions. The collected data is then analyzed using a data processing method with descriptive statistical analysis which presents the data in the form of tables and bar charts. Then presented in each cycle to get information (observations), both from data collected from observation sheets and written tests.
The results of the study in the first cycle showed the average percentage of teacher activity in the first cycle meeting 1 78% and 2% meetings 86%, while in the second cycle 1 meeting 90% and 95% meetings 2. In addition to teacher activity, student activity in groups also increased, in cycle I meeting 1 the percentage of student activity was 68% and meeting 2 was 77%, whereas in cycle II at meeting 1 the percentage increased 80% and meeting 2 90%. Social studies learning outcomes in pre-cycle with an average value of 68.94 and classical completeness of 42%, the first cycle obtained an average value of 78.27 with classical completeness of 78%. In the second cycle learning outcomes increased with an average value of 82.61 with 92% mastery learning. Means that at the end of the second cycle it has been shown that classical learning completeness is in accordance with indicators of success.
The results of these studies can be concluded, that by using the cooperative jigsaw model can increase teacher activity in managing learning and student activities in the learning process. Student learning outcomes in social studies lessons increase in accordance with predetermined minimal completeness criteria standards.
Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland
Authors: Luoma Krista , Niemi Jarkko V. , Aurela Minna , Fung Pak Lun , Helin Aku , Hussein Tareq , Kangas Leena , Kousa Anu , Rönkkö Topi , Timonen Hilkka , Virkkula Aki , Petäjä Tuukka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In this study, we present results from 12 years of black
carbon (BC) measurements at 14 sites around the Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA)
and at one background site outside the HMA. The main local sources of BC in
the HMA are traffic and residential wood combustion in fireplaces and sauna
stoves. All BC measurements were conducted optically, and therefore we refer
to the measured BC as equivalent BC (eBC). Measurement stations were located
in different environments that represented traffic environment, detached
housing area, urban background, and regional background. The measurements of
eBC were conducted from 2007 through 2018; however, the times and the
lengths of the time series varied at each site. The largest annual mean eBC
concentrations were measured at the traffic sites (from 0.67 to 2.64 µg m−3) and the lowest at the regional background sites (from 0.16 to
0.48 µg m−3). The annual mean eBC concentrations at the detached
housing and urban background sites varied from 0.64 to 0.80 µg m−3 and from 0.42 to 0.68 µg m−3, respectively. The
clearest seasonal variation was observed at the detached housing sites
where residential wood combustion increased the eBC concentrations during
the cold season. Diurnal variation in eBC concentration in different urban
environments depended clearly on the local sources that were traffic and
residential wood combustion. The dependency was not as clear for the typically measured air quality parameters, which were here NOx concentration and mass concentration of particles smaller that 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5). At four sites which had at least a 4-year-long time series available, the
eBC concentrations had statistically significant decreasing trends that
varied from −10.4 % yr−1 to −5.9 % yr−1. Compared to trends determined at
urban and regional background sites, the absolute trends decreased fastest
at traffic sites, especially during the morning rush hour. Relative
long-term trends in eBC and NOx were similar, and their concentrations
decreased more rapidly than that of PM2.5. The results indicated that
especially emissions from traffic have decreased in the HMA during the last
decade. This shows that air pollution control, new emission standards, and a
newer fleet of vehicles had an effect on air quality.
Spiciness theory revisited, with new views on neutral density, orthogonality, and passiveness
Authors: Tailleux Rémi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This paper clarifies the theoretical basis for constructing spiciness variables optimal for characterising ocean water masses. Three essential ingredients are identified: (1) a material density variable γ that is as neutral as feasible, (2) a material state function ξ independent of γ but otherwise arbitrary, and (3) an empirically determined reference function ξr(γ) of γ representing the imagined behaviour of ξ in a notional spiceless ocean. Ingredient (1) is required because contrary to what is often assumed, it is not the properties imposed on ξ (such as orthogonality) that determine its dynamical inertness but the degree of neutrality of γ. The first key result is that it is the anomaly ξ′=ξ-ξr(γ), rather than ξ, that is the variable most suited for characterising ocean water masses,
as originally proposed by McDougall and Giles (1987). The second key result is that oceanic sections of normalised ξ′ appear to be relatively insensitive to the choice of ξ, as first suggested by Jackett and McDougall (1985), based on the comparison of very different choices of ξ. It is also argued that the orthogonality of ∇ξ′ to ∇γ in physical space is more germane to spiciness theory than orthogonality in thermohaline space, although how to use it to constrain the choices of ξ and ξr(γ) remains to be fully elucidated. The results are important for they unify the various ways in which spiciness has been defined and used in the literature. They also provide a rigorous theoretical basis justifying the pursuit of a globally defined material density variable maximising neutrality. To illustrate the latter point, this paper proposes a new implementation of the author's recently developed thermodynamic neutral density and explains how to adapt existing definitions of spiciness and spicity to work with it.
Digital diplomacy during the first 100 days: How GCC ministries of foreign affairs and ministers tweeted the blockade
Authors: Al-Mansouri Tarfa , Al-Mohannadi Haya , Feroun Mariam 
Published: January 2021

Since the sudden outbreak of what is known as the GCC crisis or the blockade on June 5, 2017, the four nations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) involved in the conflict –the State of Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the Kingdom of Bahrain – have found themselves in a diplomatic race for the support of their position on the rift in traditional media, as well as on social media platforms. This paper focuses on the different ways the ministries of foreign affairs (MOFAs) and the ministers of foreign affairs (MFAs) used Twitter as an instrument of digital diplomacy during the first 100 days of the GCC crisis. In general, states tweet on a daily basis, and the ways in which a sovereign state presents itself online offers an insight into the patterns of representation of state identity, strategy, emotional expression, and recognition of others. This study is based on the content analysis of tweets created by the MOFAs and their respective MFAs of the GCC, with a focus on Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain over the first 100 days of the crisis (June 5, 2017–September 13, 2017).
This paper uses different types of tweets to examine the various kinds of political and diplomatic discourses perpetuated on Twitter by the GCC officials, in order to engage the online public sphere and navigate the domestic and international discourses. For example, if ministers engage in dialogue with their followers, then they are exercising a two-way digital diplomacy approach via Twitter. On the contrary, when they tweet about their bilateral meetings, it is an example of a one-way digital diplomacy approach, since they do not require any response from their followers. It was of specific interest to examine the differences of topic, content, and frequency of tweets, through the communication in Arabic and English. The study shows that the countries engaged in discourse around the topic of the blockade, but the type of discourse differed significantly depending on the state itself. While some chose to focus on the idea of legitimizing their stance on the topic of the blockade (i.e. Saudi Arabia), others were more direct in voicing their viewpoint, creating specific hashtags such as “#boycottQatar” (i.e. Bahrain). In addition, Qatar differed significantly in terms of the volume of tweets and the topic, tweeting often in both Arabic and English and shifting their focus towards affirming their strong diplomatic relations with countries outside the GCC, such as the Republic of Turkey. Overall, this study aims to compare the way the four GCC countries used Twitter, in order to engage their local and international communities to disseminate an image or a message.
Review analysis on phytochemical study of Heracleum L.
Authors: Ts Nomuun , G Odontuya 
Published: January 2021

Heracleum L. genus are used in traditional medicine area for the treatment of many disorders such as dissolving gallstones, kidney disease, gynecopathy, adenitis, anthrax, and stopping haemorrhage. The phytochemical studies of Heracleum L.genus have been started since the 1982s and currently 111 natural compounds isolated from 23 plant species. These includes coumarin - 71 (64%), flavonoid - 14 (12.6%), iridoid - 2 (1.8%), lignan - 3(2.7%), lipid - 7 (6.3%), polyacetylene - 3 (2.7%),phenylpropanoid - 1 (0.9%), and other class of compounds - 10 (9%). From these, 28 new natural compounds belonging to coumarins, iridoids and phenylpropanoid have been isolated and their molecular structures were elucidated. This genus is rich of coumarin compounds by phytochemical study. There are two specific Heracleum species, namely H.sibiricum L., and H.dissectum Ldb. that grow in Mongolia, although their phytochemistry and biological activity studies have not been performed yet.
Балдарганы (Heracleum L.) төрлийн ургамлуудын химийн бүрэлдэхүүний судалгааны тойм
Хураангуй: Балдарганы төрлийн ургамлуудыг олон төрлийн өвчнийг анагаахад тустай хэмээн уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд цөсний чулууг задлах, бөөрний өвчин, эмэгтэйчүүдийн өвчин, булчирхайн үрэвсэл, боом, хатиг анагаах, цус алдалтыг зогсооход хэрэглэдэг. Балдарганы төрлийн ургамлуудын химийн бүрэлдэхүүн, найрлагыг 1982 оноос судалж эхэлсэн бөгөөд одоогоор 23-н зүйл ургамлаас 111 хоёрдогч метаболитыг ялгасан ба эдгээр нь кумарин - 71 (64%), флавоноид - 14 (12.6%), иридоид - 2 (1.8%), лигнан - 3 (2.7%), липид - 7 (6.3%), фенилпропаноид - 1 (0.9%), полиацетилен - 3 (2.7%) болон бусад ангиллын нэгдлүүд - 10 (9%) юм. Эдгээрээс фенолт нэгдлийн ангиллын кумарин, фенилпропаноид, терпеноидын ангиллын иридоид зэрэг 28-н байгалийн шинэ нэгдлийг ялгаж бүтэц байгууламжийг тогтоожээ. Химийн судалгааны дүнд энэ төрлийн ургамалд кумарин зонхилон агуулагддаг байна. Манай оронд Балдарганы төрлийн ургамлуудаас Цуулбар балдаргана, Сибирь балдаргана гэсэн 2 зүйл ургадаг бөгөөд тэдгээрийн фитохими, биологийн идэвхийн судалгаа төдийлөн сайн хийгдээгүй байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Балдаргана, кумарин, флавоноид, иридоид, фенилпропаноид
Genomics and Phenotypical Characterization of Two New Lytic Bacteriophages for Biocontrol of Salmonella enterica
Authors: Pottker Emanuele Serro , Webber Bruna , Cibulski Samuel , Zanella Ricardo , Girardi Viviane , Núncio Adriana Souto Pereira , Santos Luciana Ruschel dos , Nascimento Vladimir Pinheiro do , Rodrigues Laura Beatriz 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To perform the isolation, characterization and sequencing of the bacteriophages. To demonstrate that the bacteriophages can be used for biocontrol of different Salmonella enterica serovars.
Study Design: This study was an experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory in the Veterinary Hospital at the Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine of the University of Passo Fundo (FAMV/UPF), Biotechnology Center (CBiotec) of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis at the Faculty of Veterinary of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), between January – September 2016.
Methodology: Twelve Salmonella enterica serovars (S. Anatum, S. Agona, S. Brandenburg, S. Bredeney, S. Infantis, S. Lexington, S. Panama, S. Rissen, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Tennessee, S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 and S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028) were selected to be the hosts. We isolate, purify, produce and determine the bacteriophage titers to verify the potential for lysis of these phages against the hosts. Having determined the action of the phages against the hosts, we performed the sequencing of the bacteriophages on the Illumina Mi-Seq platform and the morphology was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results: We isolated, characterized and sequenced the genome of two new bacteriophages, Salmonella phage UPF_BP1, belonging to the family Podoviridae and Salmonella phage UPF_BP2, family Myoviridae. UPF_BP1 has lytic action against seven tested Salmonella enterica serovars, while UPF_BP2 has action against the twelve tested serovars.
Conclusion: The two new bacteriophages have a lytic action against different Salmonella enterica serovars, feeding our expectations for the development of alternatives for the use of antimicrobials, being possible candidates for use as a biocontrol of Salmonella enterica in food, animals and the environment.
Hindsight bias in judgments of the predictability of flash floods: An experimental study for testimony at a court trial and legal decision making
Authors: Yama Hiroshi , Akita Masashi , Kawasaki Takuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs part of the first author's expert testimony at a court trial, we investigated hindsight bias in perceptions of the predictability of a real flash flood. Participants were presented with pictures taken before the flash flood and asked to rate the muddiness of the water and judge the likelihood of flooding in Experiment 1. Participants who were informed that a flash flood had occurred perceived the river as muddier and judged a flood to be more likely than control participants. Their judgment was biased by hindsight. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that when the causality from muddiness to flooding was instructed, participants judged the river as muddier. These results were interpreted as top‐down perception being implicitly adjusted by outcome information and causality information. The judges decided that the defendants had no responsibility to predict the flash flood, taking the hindsight bias into consideration.
Step‐By‐Step Atomic Insights into Structural Reordering from 2D to 3D MoS2
Authors: Inani Heena , Shin Dong Hoon , Madsen Jacob , Jeong HyunJeong , Kwon Min Hee , McEvoy Niall , Susi Toma , Mangler Clemens , Lee Sang Wook , Mustonen Kimmo , Kotakoski Jani 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVertically stacked low‐dimensional heterostructures are outstanding systems both for exploring fundamental physics and creating new devices. Due to nanometer‐scale building blocks, atomic scale phenomena become for them of fundamental importance, including during device operation. These can be accessed in situ in aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) experiments. Here, the dynamics of a graphene‐MoS2 heterostructure are studied under Joule heating, where the graphene serves as a high temperature atomically thin and electron transparent “hot plate” for the MoS2. Structural dynamics and evolution of the system are shown at the atomic scale, demonstrating that at the highest temperatures (estimated to exceed 2000 K), the continuous 2D MoS2 transforms into separated 3D nanocrystals, initiated by sulfur vacancy creation and migration followed by formation of voids and clustering at their edges. The resulting nanocrystals exhibit predominantly hexagonal shapes with the 2H and hybrid (2H/3R, 3R/TZ) polytypes. The observed morphology of the crystals is further discussed during and after the transformation, as well as their different edge configurations and stability under electron irradiation. These observations of MoS2 at extreme temperatures provide insights into the operation of devices based on graphene/MoS2 heterostructures and ultimately may help device fabrication techniques to create MoS2‐based nanostructures, for example, in hydrogen evolution reaction applications.
Amorphous Dual‐Layer Coating: Enabling High Li‐Ion Conductivity of Non‐Sintered Garnet‐Type Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Gao Yuan , Sun Shuyang , Zhang Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Hu Jianjiang , Huang Zhenguo , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGarnet‐type oxide Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) has attracted considerable attention as a highly promising solid state electrolyte. However, its high ionic conductivity is achievable only after high temperature sintering (≈1200 °C) to form dense pellets but with detrimental brittleness and poor contact with electrodes. Herein, a novel strategy to achieve high Li+ ion conductivity of LLZTO without sintering is demonstrated. This is realized by ball milling LLZTO together with LiBH4, which results in a LLZTO composite with unique amorphous dual coating: LiBO2 as the inner layer and LiBH4 as the outer layer. After cold pressing the LLZTO composite powders under 300 MPa to form electrolyte pellets, a high Li+ ion conductivity of 8.02 × 10–5 S cm–1 is obtained at 30 °C, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of the non‐sintered pristine LLZTO pellets (4.17 × 10–9 S cm–1). The composite electrolyte displays an ultrahigh Li+ transference number of 0.9999 and enables symmetric Li–Li cells to be cycled for 1000 h at 60 °C and 300 h at 30 °C. The significant improvements are attributed to the continuous ionic conductive network among LLZTO particles facilitated by LiBH4 that is chemically compatible and electrochemically stable with Li metal electrode.
Time‐Modulated Metasurface‐Assisted Measurements
Authors: Ghasemi Sepideh , Rajabalipanah Hamid , Tayarani Majid , Abdolali Ali , Baharian Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores time‐modulated metasurface‐assisted waveguide setups for the unique and accurate permittivity and permeability extraction of lossy dispersive samples with phase‐less measurements. It is theoretically demonstrated that when the position of the short‐circuit termination is dynamically modulated in a predefined way, the phase information of the reflection S‐parameter manifests itself into the amplitude level of the emerging harmonics. Being insensitive to the calibration plane shifts and phase uncertainties in reflection measurements while bypassing a priori knowledge about the material under test (MUT) and also the transmission information, can be regarded as the main advantages of the proposed time‐modulated material characterization approach. Using a simple post‐processing step, several illustrative examples are presented to numerically verify the validity of the proposed approach for some applicable and practical types of homogeneous materials. Two possible realization schemes based on mechanical actuation and electrical phase control are comprehensively discussed. An uncertainty analysis to examine how realization tolerances can affect the accuracy of results is also performed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is further experimentally demonstrated using a programmable phase‐agile metasurface. By involving the temporal dimension, the proposed strategy takes a great step forward in the phase‐less reconstruction of electromagnetic parameters.