bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are children on track with their routine immunisation schedule in a fragile and protracted conflict state of South Sudan?
Authors: Idris Israel Oluwaseyidayo , Tapkigen Janet , Kabutaulaka Germaine , Ayeni Gabriel Omoniyi , Ayomoh Francis Ifeanyi , Obwoya Justin Geno 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to assess if children aged 0-23 months in a conflict-affected state of South Sudan were on track with their immunisation schedule and to identify predisposing factors that affected this study population from being on track with their routine immunisation schedule. Design Community-based cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire. The binary outcome of interest was defined as being on or off track with routine vaccination schedule. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse for the association between the predisposing factors surveyed and being off track with one’s routine immunisation schedule. Setting Rural communities in four counties (Rumbek Centre, Rumbek North, Rumbek East and Wulu) of the Western Lakes state in South Sudan during January 10, 2020 to June 10, 2020.Participants We surveyed 428 children aged 0-23 months and their mothers/caregivers who lived in either of the four counties in the Western Lakes State. Participants were selected using random ballot sampling. Results More than three-quarters of the children surveyed (75.5%) were off track with their vaccination schedule. Children with an immunisation card had 71% reduced odds of being off track with their immunisation (AOR=0.29; 95% CI 0.10 – 0.83, p-value=0.021) compared to children without immunisation cards. Children who reside near health facilities and do not require transportation to facilities had 87% reduced odds of being off track with their immunisation compared to those who lived far and required transport to facilities. Giving an adequate immunisation notice before conducting immunisation outreach visits to communities was also associated with reduced odds (AOR=0.27; 95% CI 0.09 – 0.78. p-value=0.016) of children being off track with their immunisation.Conclusion This study revealed that most children were off track with their vaccination schedule in South Sudan, which is not only influenced by maternal characteristics but mainly by community- and state-level immunisation service delivery mechanisms. Interventions to improve child immunisation uptake should put these contextual characteristics into high health agenda consideration.
Evaluation of the impacts of land use/cover changes on water balance of Bilate watershed, Rift valley basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Sulamo Mulatu Abayicho , Kassa Asfaw Kebede , Roba Negash Tessema 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Land use/cover change is one of the factors responsible for changing the water balance of the watershed by altering the magnitude of surface runoff, interflow, base flow, and evapotranspiration. This study was aimed at evaluating the impacts of land use/cover change on the water balance of Bilate watershed between 1989, 2002, and 2015. The water balance simulation model (WaSiM) was used to access the impacts of land use/cover change on water balance. The model was calibrated (1989–2003) and validated (2007–2015) using the streamflow of at Bilate Tena gauging station. The result of land-use dynamics showed land use/cover change has a significant impact on the water balance of the watershed: on runoff production, base flow, interflow, evapotranspiration, and total simulation flow. In the study watershed, the change in total simulated flow increased by 77.83%; surface runoff, interflow, and base flow increased by 80.23%, 75.69%, and 87.79% respectively; and evapotranspiration decreased by 6% throughout the study period (1989–2015). The results obtained from this study revealed that the watershed is under land/cover change that shows its impacts on hydrological processes and water balance. Thus, effective information regarding the environmental response of land use/cover change is important to hydrologists, land-use planners, watershed management, and decision-makers for sustainable water resource projects and ecosystem services. Therefore, the policy-makers, planners, and stakeholders should design strategies to ensure the sustainability of the watershed hydrology for the sake of protecting agricultural activities, and urban planning and management systems within the watershed area.
Photo-catalytic dye degradation of methylene blue by using ZrO2/MWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Gangadhar Akshatha , Ramesh Abhilash Mavinakere , Krishnegowda Jagadish , Shivanna Srikantaswamy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation of the dyes was deliberated by altering the catalyst and dye concentrations. The Zirconium oxide/multiwall carbon nanotube (ZrO2/MWCNT) catalyst was facilely synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis method. The nanocomposite ZrO2/MWCNT was formed in hydrothermal condition 95 °C of low growth temperature. The physico-chemical properties were successfully characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presence of Orbicular shaped ZrO2 nanocrystallines and multiwall carbon nanotubes was characterized by XRD pattern, and shows the presence of ZrO2 and MWCNT with the 2θ peaks at 19.62, 22.5 & 30.2. The thermal behavior of the ZrO2/MWCNT partials was also investigated by differential thermal analysis, and their vibrational bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. The photo catalytic degradation of methylene blue in industrial wastewater was observed under UV light irradiation using the synthesized ZrO2/MWCNT as catalyst. The results revealed that the ZrO2/MWCNT nanoparticles exhibited high degeneration with COD and TOC reducing from 241 mg/L and 148.00 mg/L to 2.34 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L respectively with an efficiency of 90–94% over 25–60 min duration of UV irradiation. In comparison with the pristine Zirconium oxide and MWCNT, the composite ZrO2/MWCNT nanoparticles exhibited more efficient, durable and stable photo-catalytic activity during experiments.
lncRNAs as Hallmarks for Individualized Treatment of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zeng Tiebing , Ling Hui , Wu Jing , Xu Shan , Li Wei , Lu Yuru , Zhou Yu , Xie Ming , Luo Yichen , Cao Yijing , He Yan 
Published: July 2021

:
Gastric cancer is a global cancer with a high mortality rate. A growing number of studies have found the
abnormal expression of lncRNA (long noncoding RNA) in many tumors, which plays a role in promoting or inhibiting
cancer. Similarly, lncRNA abnormal expression plays an essential biological function in gastric cancer. This article
focuses on lncRNA involvement in the development of gastric cancer in terms of cell cycle disorder, apoptosis inhibition,
metabolic remodeling, promotion of tumor inflammation, immune escape, induction of angiogenesis, and Epithelial
Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The involvement of lncRNA in the development of gastric cancer is related to
drug resistance, such as cisplatin and multi-drug resistance. It can also be used as a potential marker for the diagnosis
and prognosis of gastric cancer and a target for the treatment. With an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of
lncRNA in gastric cancer, new ideas for personalized treatment of gastric cancer are expected.
Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer with Lurbinectedin: A Review
Authors: Chawla Pooja A. , Rajput Prince Singh , Khan Sharib Raza , Singh Preeti 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Lurbinectedin was approved on June 15, 2020 by the Food and Drug Administration with the
brand name ZEPZELCA as the first systematic approved therapy for patients having Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC).

Objectives:
In this review, an attempt is made to summarize different aspects of Lurbinectedin, including the pathophysiology,
chemistry, chemical synthesis, mechanism of action, adverse reactions, and pharmacokinetics. Special
attention is given to various reported clinical trials of lurbinectedin.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the relevant databases like ScienceDirect, PubMed,
ResearchGate and Google Scholar to identify studies. After a thorough study of these reports, significant findings/data
were collected and compiled under suitable headings. Important findings related to clinical trials have been tabulated.

Conclusion:
Lurbinectedin is known to act by inhibiting the active transcription of encoding genes, thereby suppressing
tumor-related macrophages with an impact on tumour atmosphere. Lurbinectedin has emerged as a potential drug
candidate for the treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC).
Improvement of Flexural and Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar by Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Xingchen , Li Chuangchuang , Zhang Nana , Liu Ronggui , Lu Chunhua 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In order to provide space for improving the durability of engineering structures by enhancing strength, the addition of nanomaterials has become a research trend in recent years. Graphene and its derivatives have unique properties and have been used in certain fields, which has also stimulated continuous and in-depth research on whether it can improve structural strength.

Objective:
This paper investigates the mechanical properties and mechanism of cement-based materials reinforced by Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs).

Methods:
Macroscopically, the flexural strength and compressive strengths of cement mortar were tested. Microscopically, the structure and composition were characterized and analyzed by SEM, EDS, and XRD.

Results:
The results show that the mechanical properties of modified cement mortar are directly related to the GNPs content. When the GNPs content is 0.04wt%, the flexural and compressive strength can still be increased by 12.8% and 33.9% after 28 d. Furthermore, the appropriate content of GNPs dispersed in the cement matrix played a role in promoting cement hydration. The interconnection with hydration products further reduces cracks and pores so that the cement composites form a denser microstructure.

Conclusion:
The results obtained above would provide references for understanding the reinforcement mechanism of GNPs.
Pediatric Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Private Clinic of Abidjan, Ivory Coast: A Case Report
Authors: David AKA N’da Angbeletchi , Zika Kalou Dibert , Pacôme Dou Gonat Serge , Coulibaly Fatoumata , Ehouman Mocket Adolphe , Kone Ibrahima , Adoubryn Koffi Daho 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonotic disease with global distribution, especially in underdeveloped countries. This parasitic disease is caused by the bite of an infected sandfly.

Case Report:
We report here the first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis discovered incidentally in an 11-year-old child in a private clinic. He is a primarian boy who had a wound located on his left leg. On questioning, we ascertained that the wound was not the first one and had been present for about 2 months. The cutaneous lesion was painless but itchy. The location, the crateriform appearance, and the chronic nature of the wound led us to suspect a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Methods:
Microscopic examination of cutaneous exsudation’s smears of lesions revealed amastigote forms of leishmania, confirming our diagnostic hypothesis. The child was placed under Imidazole-based treatment associate cloxacilline. The child also received local gentamycin-based dressings.

Results:
The child was cured after one month. The diagnostic issues of cutaneous leishmaniasis constitute a great challenge for practitioners in endemic zone. Also, a systematic differential diagnostic should be required in the face of chronic wounds.

Conclusion:
The integration of the screening and management of cutaneous leishmaniasis against Buruli ulcer are eagerly waited as a future work.
Plant-based Remedies with Reference to Respiratory Diseases – A Review
Authors: Popova Aneta , Mihaylova Dasha , Spasov Alexander 
Published: July 2021

In the era of air pollutants, respiratory diseases are a very common diagnosis in children, adolescents, and adults. Disorders of the respiratory system can affect both upper and lower respiratory system, and cause an immense worldwide health, economical and psychological burden.Considerable attention is drawn to the use of plant-based products for the prevention and cure of health challenges, with respect of their eco-friendliness and very few side effects. Exposure to nature and active plant interaction is considered beneficial to physical and mental health. Plant-based drugs primarily target the immune and cardiovascular systems. Biologically active substances with different value can be identified from both terrestrial or marine botanicals, whose therapeutic abilities are an efficient control of an array of diseases.In view of the potential of plant agents to positively influence respiratory diseases, this review will provide the reader with recent objective findings in the field of plant therapy and pharmaceutical agents and their ability to alter the physical and psychological complications of airborne diseases.
Le système des partis en Belgique
Authors: Frognier A.P. , Delfosse P. 
Published: July 2021

This article gives an account of the belgian party system in 1974. It concludes at the existence of a «multipartist» system. It also examines the ideological character of the party system. For this purpose, it studies the electoral platforms of all the parties. From a semiotics viewpoint, it isolates a number of semantic axes. After a binary coding, it factor-analyses the results. Two main factors are extracted «ideological mixing» and conservative - progressist position.
Front commun syndical et nouveau pacte social
Authors: Troclet Léon-Eli 
Published: July 2021

I . Confronted with the acuteness of the socio-economic problems the two major labour organizations (i.e. : the socialist and the christiandemocratic trade union confederation) have in 1976 strengthened their «Common Trade Unions' Front» (with about two million members on a total of 2,300,000 wage- and salary earners in Belgium) in view of their negotiations with employers and with the government, to which the trade unions have submitted a common platform.The common front, that has its antecedents on the local, regional and professional level has never been and never will be of a permanent nature, some sort of organic unit. Each confederation maintains its own identity and the front is meant to be re-animated according to the circumstances.II. From the employers' side (and to some extent completely independent from the trade unions' common front) representatives of employers' organizations have «as a personal point of view» and, no doubt, as a preliminary approach, launched the idea that a new and very comprehensive «social pact» should be negotiated. The socialist trade unions clearly tend to reject this idea, since it maywell lead to a further integration in the capitalist system, whereas the christiandemocratic union seems to be rather in favour of such a pact.In the present state of affairs (end of June, 1977) the probability that it be realized is rather low indeed.
Bureaukratisch patronage en etno-linguisme
Authors: Elchardus Mark 
Published: July 2021

The present investigation looks at the recent success of ethnolinguistic politics as, largerly, the outcome of friction betweèn the existing -pattern of political integration and a set of relatively new · socio-economic conditions. The development of the latter is part of what may be implied in the phrase «post-industrial society». The Belgian pattern of political integration is characterized by very low levels of differentiation between the parties, the administration and the voluntary organizations. It implies a mode of political participation in which the recent developments in the organization of labor, expansion of the tertiary sector, geographical mobility and urbanization lead to political marginality for the groupsconcerned. This marginality expresses itself in support for ethnolinguism which serves as an alternative route to political integration.This theory is evaluated and substantiated on the basis of an ecological analysis of the success of an ethnolinguistic party (the Front Démocratique des Francophones) in the 1970 and 1976 communal elections.
Verschillen in stemgedrag bij gemeenteraadsverkiezingen en socio-economische kenmerken van gemeenten
Authors: Torfs Koen 
Published: July 2021

Results of Belgian municipal elections of 1988 and socio-economic characteristics of municipalities are used to estimate quantitatively (by multivariate regression analysis) the relationship between municipal election outcomes and these socio-economic characteristics. A higher average income bas a negative effect on election results for the Christian-democratic party and for the socialist party and a positive effect for the liberal party. A higher proportion of citizens who depend on public assistance has a negative effect for the Christian-democrats and a positive effect for the socialist party. A higher proportion of citizens with a university degree has a negative effect on election results for the socialist party and a positive effect for the green party. A higher proportion of younger citizens has a positive effect for the Christian-democrats and the green party and a negative effect for the socialist, the liberal and the extreme right wing Flemishparty. A higher degree of urbanisation has a negative effect for the Christiandemocratsand a positive effect for the socialist, the green and the extreme rightwing Flemish party. A higher proportion of Northern-African immigrants in the population has a positive effect for the socialist and the extreme Flemish party and a negative effect for the green party.The explanatory values of the estimated equations are moderate and results have to be interpreted with caution. Closer examination of the data show that the participation at the elections by the extreme right wing Flemish party leads to a proportional decline in votes for the socialist party.
"België erkent geen regeringen, enkel staten" : Het geval Cambodja 1979-1991
Authors: Maes Marc 
Published: July 2021

Since 1965 Belgian has stopped recognizing governments confining itself to the recognition of states only and maintaining diplomatie relations with the recognized states through wathever government able of exercising effective controle of those states' territory. Nota single exception to this doctrine was made untill 1979.In 1979 however Belgium refused to recognize the government installed in Phnom Penh following the Vietnamese intervention. One year later it also stopped recognizing the Khmer Rouge. In the UN however Belgium went on to accept the Khmer Rouge delegation as the representatives of Cambodia, a state thus being represented by a delegation accredited by an entity that Belgium did not consider to be a government. This contradiction was maintained untill present since neither the coalition between the Khmer Rouge, Sihanouk and Son Sann (created in 1982) nor the Supreme National Council (created in 1990) were regarded by Belgium as governments.The article reconstructs the Belgium position out of the many statements and arguments the government bas put forward in the UN and the Belgian Parliament. The Belgian position is than examined in the light of international law, its own recognition doctrine and the international and domestic political context.This led to the conclusion that the legal grounds for the Belgian policy were rather weak and that its position almost completly differred from its traditional doctrine. In the Cambodian case however political considerations appeared to have prevailed Belgium chose to join the US, China and Asean and manoeuvred as to follow them in their condemnation of the Vietnamese intervention. Acting even as one of the most faithfull followers of the Asean policy towards Cambodia, Belgium enjoyed the improvement of its own relations with Asean, also in the commercial field.The continuous domestic opposition in and out of the Parliament was not able to change this policy. Even the present Minister of Foreign Alf airs who declared to be inclined to adjust the Belgian position had to hold back in order not to affect the esthablised relations.
De leidinggevende ambtenaren : bureaucraten of ideologen ?
Authors: Dierickx Guido , Majersdorf Philippe 
Published: July 2021

The Belgian senior civil servants do have a political ideology which, with respect to coherence and constraint, is not inferior to that of the members of Parliament and, therefore, far superior to that of the common man. The first characteristic of this ideology is its centrism: senior civil servants tend to shun the extremes, especially the socio-economic (leftist and rightist) extremes. A second characteristic is its bias toward the center-right. But the latter may be an effect of recruitment and promotion practices under the recent Belgian governing coalitions, rather than of the bureaucratic experience under all kinds of governments.That the bureaucratie experience leaves its mark on the ideological constructs of the bureaucratie elite can also be inferred from other data. They are inclined to centralism because the recent federalisation process imposes a heavy burden on their routines. They do not have a distinctive ideological profile with respect to religious and philosophical issues because these rarely appear on the agenda of most of the civil servants.The consequences of these characteristic ideological options are not to be underestimated. There is a clear affinity between a leftist ideology and a less technocratic and less alienated political attitude. At the same time leftist civil servantsare more inclined to commit themselves to active partisan politics. Their colleagues of the right tend more to up hold the traditional distance between bureaucracy and partisan politics. The optimal prescription for administrative reform would, perhaps, consist in furthering a more political, less technocratic style of administrative policy making, and in maintaining the traditional wariness of partisan politics.
Het effect van in- en uittrede bij stemverschuivingen : Een statistische analyse toegepast op gegevens uit Limburg
Authors: Billiet Jaak 
Published: July 2021

This study evaluates the impact of new voters and deceased voters in the statistical analysis of shifts in voting behaviour from one election to another. Conclusions about the shifts between the political parties from one election to another are ajfected by the fact that at the time of the analyzed election, the population of the former election bas substantial by changed. In order to fix the marginal distributions of the turnover table, estimations should be made about the distribution of the new voters and the deceased voters over the political parties. Information about the new voters can be extracted from the sample in use. Estimations of the last voting behaviour of the deceased are based on prior surveys. The conclusions about the mutual shifts between parties are affected to the degree that the parties differ according to the age distributions.The method has been applied to exit poll datafrom the 1991 general elections in Limburg.