bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
İHRACATTA INCOTERMS KULLANIMI, FİRMA KARAKTERİSTİKLERİ VE PERFORMANS: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ARSLANDERE Murat 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ihracata Incoterms teslim şekilleri kullanımının (i) genel oranları, (ii) firma karakteristiklerine göre farklılaşma durumu ve son olarak (iii) ihracat performansına ve ihracat politikasına göre farklılaşma durumu araştırılmıştır.
Yöntem: Türkiye'de farklı il ve sektörlerden 280 firmaya anket uygulanmıştır. SPSS for Windows 27.00 programı ile Bağımsız Örneklemler T Testi ve Anova Testi kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: EXW, CIF, FOB ve CFR teslim şekillerinin daha çok kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Firma karakteristiklerinden personel sayısı, ihracat departmanı durumu, ihracat yılı, oranı ve ülke sayısındaki pozitif değişimin genel olarak EXW harici diğer sık kullanılan teslim şekillerinde daha çok kullanıma sebep olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilave olarak ihracat oranı düşük olan firmaların daha çok EXW teslim şeklini kullandığı görülmüştür. Son olarak ihracat politikasında ihracatın iç piyasaya göre daha öncelik olan ve ayrıca ihracat performansı daha yüksek olan firmaların FOB, CIF ve CFR deniz yolu teslim şekillerini daha çok kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: İhracatın her aşamada teknik bilgi ve beceri gerektiren faaliyetler bütünü olduğu ve bu faaliyetlerden birinin de teslim şekillerinin yönetimi olduğu düşünüldüğünde, personel sayısı yüksek büyük firmaların bilgi ve finansman kaynakları itibariyle güçlü olması ve daha fazla risk alabilmeleri itibariyle EXW harici diğer teslim şekillerinde fazla kullanımı olması beklenen bir sonuçtur. Ayrıca ihracat oranı yüksek, ihracat departmanı olan, ihracat yaptığı ülke sayısı fazla, ihracat politikası öncelikli olan ve ihracat performansı yüksek firmalarında FOB, CIF, CFR gibi EXW teslim şekline göre daha riskli, bilgi gerektiren teslim şekillerini daha çok kullanıyor olmaları, yüksek rekabet ortamında müşteri tatminini sağlama noktasında beklenilen diğer bir sonuçtur. Araştırma bulgularına göre Incoterms terimlerinden CIF, FOB ve CFR gibi teslim şekilleri kullanımın ihracat performansına olumlu yansıdığı düşünüldüğünde, firmaların Incoterms bilgilerini arttırmalarının önemli olduğu, Incoterms terimlerinin hem müşteri tatminini sağlama noktasında hem de operasyon ve risk yönetimi bağlamında değerlendirilerek yaygın şekilde kullanılması sağlamak için devlet tarafından da konuya destek verilmesi gerektiği değerlendirilmiştir
Use of the method of phylogenetic analysis in an epidemiological investigation in case of HIV infection in pediatric practice
Authors: Kruglyak S. P. , Kotova V. O. , Miroshnichenko E. I. , Skaly O. A. , Makhno E. S. , Grishkevich T. V. , Sklyar L. F. , Beniova S. N. , Grigorian O. M. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Trotsenko O. E. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study is to study the main pathways and risk factors for HIV infection in a child, to establish a probable source of infection for a child, as well as to exclude the possibility of criminal or nosocomial infection.Materials and methods. At the first stage, an epidemiological investigation was conducted. Next, a molecular genetic analysis of two blood plasma samples studied (child and mother) and a comparison group were used, in which 18 nucleotide sequences of HIV-1 variants were used, obtained from patients living in the Primorsky Region, and 8 characterized nucleotide sequences additionally taken from GenBank international database. Distance calculation and phylogenetic analysis were performed by constructing phylogenetic trees using the Maximum Likelihood method using the GTR evolution model.Research results. The data obtained indicate that the nucleotide sequence from the child is most similar to the nucleotide sequence from the mother (potential source) and reliably grouped on the phylogenetic tree, forming a common cluster that is different from the samples of the comparison group. This indicates the likelihood of an epidemiological link between HIV infections in the mother and her child.Conclusion. According to the results of this study, we can conclude that the child is infected from an HIV-infected mother, approximately at the age of a child older than 4 years old, when he received the last negative test result for HIV markers.
Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of Murmansk region amid COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Lukicheva L. A. , Nikitina N. I. , Lyalina L. V. , Smirnov V. S. , Koltsov N. S. , Ermakova M. V. , Kubashev A. K. , Kuznetsova V. V. , Denisova T. V. , Gurina N. V. , Ziborov I. V. , Gryazova I. V. , Pankova N. A. , Konoshkin P. I. , Mikheeva N. I. , Sharova A. A. , Totolian A. A. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. Determination of the level and structure of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Murmansk region against the background of the incidence of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study was carried out according to a unified method for determining the seroprevalence of the population, developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. A total of 3117 volunteers were examined, distributed into 7 age groups. The content of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by ELISA using a set of reagents for analyzing human serum or plasma for the presence of specific immunoglobulins of class G to the nucleocapsid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus produced by the FBUN GNCPMiB Rospotrebnadzor (Obolensk) in accordance with the instructions for application.Results. The level of population immunity in the Murmansk region as a whole was 31,2%. The highest seroprevalence was found among children aged 1–6 and 7–13 years (35.6% and 44,1%, respectively), the lowest among the elderly population aged 60–69, as well as 70 and more years (20,4% and 20,9%, respectively). In the cities of the Murmansk region. the herd level of immunity varied from 19,6% (Kola city) to 46,1% (Kandalaksha city). It was not possible to find a reliable relationship between the incidence of the population of the cities of the Murmansk region and seroprevalence. The highest level of seroprevalence was noted among office workers (38,0%), the lowest among transport workers (19,5%). In the presence of contacts with patients with COVID-19, seropositivity increased 1,4 times compared to the average population value. The level of specific humoral immunity in convalescents after COVID-19 is 64,1%, which is 2,2 times higher than the average for half-day. The proportion of asymptomatic forms among seroprevalence volunteers was 89%.
Analysis of the prevalence and severity of clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women of childbearing age
Authors: Radzikhovskaya M. V. , Anisimova O. S. , Magadeev H. D. , Moskvicheva M. G. , Telesheva L. F. , Magadeev R. D. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: to determine the prevalence and severity of clinical and cytological manifestations of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in relation to immunological and virological parameters.Materials and methods. Statistical data were obtained through direct randomised inclusion of 182 HIV-infected women of fertile age who were being followed up at the AIDS Centre during their initial gynaecological examinations. Statistical processing of the findings was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics software.Results and discussion. The results of the study showed a high detection rate of chronic papillomavirus infection of high carcinogenic risk (HPV HRS) among HIV-infected women, which is a prognostically unfavorable factor for the development of pathological changes in the cervix and was confirmed in a study by extended colposcopy. It was found that the concentration of HPV VKR increases against the background of a decrease in the immune status, and there is an indirect relationship between the level of HIV viral load and the concentration of HPV VKR.Conclusion. The feasibility of HPV vaccination among HIV-infected girls and women aged 9–45 has been demonstrated.
Сatamnestic data on the effect of interferon therapy on the course of combined HIV/HCV-infection
Authors: Fazylov V. Kh. , Manapova E. R. , Akifev V. O. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: catamnestic analysis of the effectiveness of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C in combination with HIV infection.Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 145 patients with combined HCV/HIV infection for 8±0,43 years.Results. 55% of patients received antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis with pegylated interferons and ribavirin. The frequency of achieving a stable virological response is 73%. Persistent virological response with favorable Il-28B genotypes was detected in 85% of cases, with unfavorable genotypes less frequently — in 63% (p=0,028); the relapse rate is 27%. The level of HIV RNA viral load and the frequency of patients with secondary diseases was higher in patients with natural HCV/HIV infection with favorable interleukin-28B genotypes compared to other comparison groups (р<0,05).Conclusion. The course of chronic hepatitis C after therapy was more positive with favorable Il-28B genotypes. HIV infection was more severe in the absence of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid under tuberculosis in patients with HIV-infection
Authors: Panteleev A. M. , Sokolova O. S. , Zonova A. V. , Panteleeva S. A. , Lutsenko A. V. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To carry out an analysis of characteristics and to reveal the peculiarities of laboratory changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with tuberculosis of central nervous system associated with HIV-infection.Materials and methods. Analysis of 206 patients with CNS tuberculosis associated with HIV-infection who were treated in State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «City tuberculosis hospital No. 2» of Saint Petersburg during the period from 2006 to 2018 was conducted.Results and discussion. It was concluded that a mean protein level in CSF was 1,6±0,1 g/l and was significantly increased in patients with tubercular meningoencephalomyelitis. When decreasing the amount of CD4-lymphocytes, increasing of protein level in cerebrospinal fluid is observed. As cytosis increases, the amount of neutrophils increases too. Patients with tuberculous meningitis showed remarkable pleocytosis in comparison with patients with meningocephalitis. In 47% of cases, neutrophilic cell composition of CSF was registered. Therewith, the rate of neutrophils in CSF increased as the rate of lymphocytes decreased. Reducing of glucose in CSF was observed in the majority of patients with CNS tuberculosis independently of severity of immunosuppression and extent of brain injury.
Comparative evaluation of various strategies medical care for chronic hepatitis С in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Sleptsova S. S. , Sleptsov S. S. , Semenova V. K. 
Published: April 2021

Hepatitis C is a major public health problem and measures against it require the development of a national strategy and concept of a prognostic model. This is relevant for Yakutia, as a tremendous region with extremely specific and severe climatic and social conditions that cause a high incidence of hepatitis C.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of various scenarios for the development of the epidemiological situation of hepatitis C in RS (Y) depending on the strategy for providing medical care to people with chronic hepatitis C.Material and Methods. The work uses the materials of official statistics of the Federal State Institution of Rospotrebnadzor for RS (Y) and information from the register «Chronic viral hepatitis in RS (Y). To assess the burden of disease, the main scenarios were analyzed using the dynamic Excel model.Results and discussion. RS (Y) is a disadvantaged territory of the Russian Federation for parenteral viral hepatitis, including hepatitis C. According to the register «Chronic viral hepatitis in RS (Y)», 14643 people are registered, of which with chronic hepatitis C — 7395, which amounted to 50,5%. The proportion of HCV infection in the group of people with cirrhosis is 44.1%, with hepatocellular carcinoma 59,3%, and 76% in the total structure of the dead. Implementation of the WHO scenario for hepatitis C will reduce mortality by 65%, the number of people with hepatocellular carcinoma by 66%, decompensated cirrhosis by 66% and reduce the overall incidence by 34% by 2030.Conclusion. Achieving the WHO goals by 2030 seems realistic when creating a regional strategy to eliminate HCV in RS (Y), which includes increasing access to therapy with modern drugs with direct antiviral effects, an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic hepatitis C, specialties about the problem of chronic hepatitis C and the possibility of curing it.
Randomized, placebo-controlled, 28-day safety and pharmacokinetics evaluation of repeated oral cannabidiol administration in healthy dogs
Authors: Vaughn Dana M. , Paulionis Lina J. , Kulpa Justyna E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of various doses of plant-derived cannabidiol (CBD) versus placebo following repeated oral administration.

ANIMALS
20 healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES
In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, dogs were randomized to 5 groups balanced in body weight and sex (n = 4 dogs/group) and received a CBD (1, 2, 4, or 12 mg/kg; from cannabis extract) or placebo oil formulation PO once daily for 28 days. Outcome variables were assessed through daily health observations, veterinary examinations, CBC, and serum biochemical analysis. Blood samples were collected at various time points to estimate 24-hour pharmacokinetic profiles of CBD and selected metabolites (7-carboxy-CBD and 7-hydroxy-CBD).

RESULTS
Repeated CBD administration was well tolerated by dogs, with no clinically important changes in measured safety outcomes. Veterinary examinations revealed no clinically important abnormal findings. Adverse events were mild in severity. Relative to placebo administration, CBD administration at 12 mg/kg/d resulted in more gastrointestinal adverse events (mainly hypersalivation) and significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Total systemic exposure to CBD increased on a dose-dependent basis following both acute (first dose) and chronic (28 days) administration. Within each CBD dose group, repeated administration increased total systemic exposure to CBD 1.6- to 3.3-fold. The 24-hour trough plasma CBD concentrations were also dose dependent, with a steady state reached following 2 weeks of administration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Repeated, daily oral administration of the CBD formulation led to dose-dependent increases in total systemic exposure to CBD and 24-hour trough plasma concentrations in healthy dogs. These findings could help guide dose selection.
Considerations Regarding the Professional Practicing Choice of the Students from the Medical Faculties in Romania
Authors: Beu Simona Pârvu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnalysing students’ options regarding the specialty and the country in which they want to practice, provides useful information in judicious planning of human resources in the health system, the factors that motivate the choice, being both personal, difficult to change, but also economic or social that can be influenced by legislation, so that the number of deficient specialties decreases, and the disparity of the ensuring the medical services in urban to rural areas is reduced. This paper is a qualitative study, with voluntary response, applied to students of public and private medical schools in Romania, that investigates the intention to the professional practicing choice after graduation and the reasons of their decisions. The results show the orientation towards the urban environment in a percentage of 100% or for migration - between 2.2% and 50%. Regarding the chosen specialties, the results show that the most frequently chosen specialties were as follows: cardiology, surgery, internal medicine, specialties considered deficient in 2020.(1)
Laparoscopic Appendectomy Versus Open Appendectomy in Children: Evolution over Time
Authors: Dumitrică Laura , Dobrotă Luminiţa , Neamţu Bogdan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Laparoscopic appendicitis surgery is accepted in more and more centers around the world. Studies and meta-analyses of studies have shown that laparoscopic appendicitis is a feasible and safe procedure with numerous clinical benefits, such as shorter postoperative ileus, lower incidence of wound infection, lower postoperative pain and duration, recurrence faster to activities. Because laparoscopic appendectomy has been associated with a reduced risk of surgical complications, it may provide a better alternative versus open surgery. A review of data relevant to the evaluation of laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy as reflected in the literature of the last 2 decades would be relevant for the growing progressive interest of laparoscopic surgery for acute appendicitis and for its comparative evaluation with classical open appendicitis intervention.
An Empirical Study on Discussion and Evaluation of Green University
Authors: Wu Chia-Huei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sustainable development has become an important criterion for human beings to pursue happiness in their daily lives. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the earth, the first step is to let this concept take root. Hence, the key to making a campus into a green university and promoting national consensus lies in the implementation quality. Moreover, the influence of the factors can be effectively examined and improved by providing correction plans on a rolling basis according to the green university certification criteria and from the perspective of business performance. The aim is to provide detailed coping strategies and facilitate schools moving towards the goal of a green university. By the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), this study explored the criteria for green university evaluation, investigated the causal relationship and mutual influence among criteria. It also offered suggestions on green performance management for the case university. The findings of this study can help schools to develop environmental policies, identify the priorities for implementing green university policies, and achieve the goal of a green university efficiently.
Contemporary Paradigms in the Historical Context of the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology SAS (1946 – 1989): From the Generation of Founders to the Generation of Builders
Authors: Podolinská Tatiana Zachar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to offer a paradigmatic analysis of the development of the discipline – called predominantly “ethnography” and “ethnology” in the 20th century Slovakia – in the background of the history of its development within one of the key institutions in Slovakia where research is conducted – the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IESA SAS).
It is extremely interesting in our case how, in a relatively short period of its existence, the institution under study reacted flexibly to changes in the political regimes and discursive paradigms which resulted in system changes. The changes in external settings forced the institution to interact and intervene, which was reflected in different intensities of reorganisation of the internal ecosystem in different periods. On the other hand, it is also possible to observe major resilience which enabled the institution to preserve internal consistency of its processes. In the case of the IESA SAS, we can rather speak of “micro-historical temporalities” (measured approximately over a period of individual decades) in the background of more general longue dureé processes (i.e. long-lasting and global historical changes) in which work teams, specific personalities at leadership positions as well as the external ecosystem were significantly engaged. Within the history of the institution, the study also observes the life and modus operandi of two important generations, denoting them, in terms of the metaphorical discourse, as the generation of founders (1950s and 1960s) and the generation of builders (1970s and 1980s).
Plant Landscape and Models of French Atlantic Estuarine Systems. Extended Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
Authors: Cianfaglione Kevin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study proposes a theoretical common model of environmental gradients and functioning of vegetation and Plant Landscape of the French Atlantic estuarine systems. This model offers a basis to improve classification and ecological studies of estuarine systems, and to helps the monitoring and assessment of land uses, land forms transformation and human impacts, thanks to the develop of a spatio-temporal predictive model based on actual and potential vegetation following a dynamico-catenal approach. In eight selected estuaries, fieldworks was undertook for a total of 98,315 ha highlighting two vegetation series and four geopermaseries, corresponding to 131 plant associations, 60 alliances, 43 orders, and 28 classes. The vegetation of three representative estuaries was mapped, for a total of 74,433 ha. A synthetic scheme of estuary vegetation landscape is proposed, integrating geographical and ecological gradients as well as geomorphologic forms.
Digital Technologies for Improving Logistics Performance of Countries
Authors: Moldabekova Aisulu , Philipp Robert , Reimers Hans-Eggert , Alikozhayev Bauyrzhan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The logistics performance has a crucial role in the industrial and economic development of countries. This study aims to underline implications for policy makers in improving the logistics performance of countries in terms of Industry 4.0. For this purpose, the effect of digitalisation on logistics performance is analysed by using correlation and multiple regression analysis. The empirical study builds upon dimensions and indicators of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and Logistics Performance Index (LPI) of the World Bank. The results indicate that governmental policies should target to deliver sound framework conditions for the generation of human capital (here: ICT specialists), sustainable usage of internet services (e.g. professional social networks, online sales, etc.), integration of digital technologies (e.g. Big Data, Cloud computing, etc.), as well as digital connectivity (here: fixed broadband and 4G coverage) in order facilitate improvement of logistics performance.
A Reliability-Exploitation Analysis of a Static Converter Taking Into Account Electromagnetic Interference
Authors: Paś Jacek , Rosiński Adam , Białek Kamil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents issues associated with the impact of electromagnetic interference on static converters, which exploitation in a railway transport environment. The measurements of an electromagnetic field emitted by a static converter were shown. Designs of this kind are exploitation in railway facilities, therefore, they should not disturb the functioning of other equipment, the rail traffic control systems, in particular. As a result of the EMC tests, it was concluded that the permissible values of conducted interference emissions were exceeded. An analysis of the obtained results enabled developing a research model, and a further reliability and exploitation analysis, taking into account electromagnetic interference. This, in turn, enabled determining a relationship allowing to determine the probability of a static converter staying in a state of full ability. The presented discussions regarding a static converter, taking into account electromagnetic interference, allow for the numerical assessment of different types of solutions (technical and organizational), which can be implemented in order to mitigate the impact of electromagnetic interference on a system’s functioning.