bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Response of a Nonlinear System by a Bilinear Approximation Method
Authors: Ergin E. I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A line-segment approximation for a nonlinear elastic force has been developed which makes it possible to obtain analytical solutions to a number of transient-load problems which formerly could be solved only by graphical or numerical methods. It is shown that for many problems involving even large nonlinearities, two line segments only are sufficient to give satisfactory accuracy. For some problems where the classical analytical approximate methods of Lindstedt or of Kryloff and Bogoliuboff can be applied, it is shown that the bilinear method leads to an improved accuracy.
Impact of mixing and curing temperatures on fresh and hardened states’ properties of UHPC
Authors: Androuët Cédric , Deaux Olivier , Charron Jean-Philippe 
Published: June 2021

New Canadian and American standards for concrete and bridges now provide guidelines for the design, production, curing, material characterization, and installation of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes (named UHPFRC or UHPC) on structures. However, some technical aspects require more research since fundamental knowledge about UHPC is not as complete as for normal strength concretes (NSC). Among these aspects, knowledge on the properties of UHPC produced under field conditions is scarce. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the fresh state properties (slump flow, air content, mass density, hydration heat) and hardened state properties (elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, compressive and flexural strengths) of a UHPC subjected to various mixing temperatures (10, 20, and 30 °C) and curing temperatures (10, 23, and 35 °C) encountered in field conditions. The impact of mixing and curing temperatures on each property is discussed and practical information is provided to help engineers planning UHPC curing duration and formwork stripping.
The Proportionality Principle in the Jurisprudence of the Russian Constitutional Court
Authors: Troitskaya Alexandra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the boundaries on restrictions of human rights imposed by the proportionality principle, examines the elements of the structure of this principle, and attempts to present the meaning of its elements consistently in terms of the potential for the protection of fundamental rights that are subject to restrictions. The main criticisms of some proportionality tests are considered, as well as ways to minimize the risks associated with the use of proportionality. These theoretical considerations are placed in the context of the jurisprudence of the Russian Constitutional Court, to demonstrate that the Court, instead of consistently applying proportionality tests, often draws generalized conclusions regarding the proportionality (or disproportionality) of restrictions and therefore tends to heighten some of the risks of applying the principle. One can observe some positive changes in the application of the principle, and in further requests for this. Conclusions are formulated concerning the improvement of the Court’s activities in terms of a more consistent and structured implementation of the principle of proportionality.
The Speech-Acts of a Royal Pretender
Authors: Scott James M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Performative speech-acts were used by successive Seleucid pretenders and kings to create the appearance of power and authority out of weakness. As we have seen on the basis of Mark’s Gospel, Jesus’ used performative utterances in a similar way, and, for that reason, he was recognized as a royal pretender by both sympathizers and critics alike. From the perspective of Mark’s Gospel, Jesus set about to create the kingdom of God by royal pronouncement. It was a matter of royal power as discourse.
Fill the Gap between Law and Governance
Authors: Wang Dustin Kuan-Hsiung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) clearly address the difference as well as recognize the correlations among seventeen sustainable development dimensions. The SDGs also play an important role for the international community to pay attention to our future living. Taking oceans for instance, they are the biggest ecosystems on our planet, and their health are essential to our survival. In terms of conserving and sustainably using the oceans, seas and marine resource under SDG 14, several targets were agreed upon by the UN member States to help guide decision-making with regard to oceans, such as conserving marine and coastal areas in agreement with international and national laws and using the latest scientific information. This article mainly focuses on the matters of conserving and managing international fishery resources. It also addresses the issues between international law and global governance with perspectives on the implementation of SDG 14. This article concludes that in order to effectively implement international fishery laws and to reach the targets that SDGs have postulated, eliminating the commercial benefits might be the necessary consideration in filling the gap between international fishery law and fishery governance.
National Quality Evaluation of Medication Use for Pediatric Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Chen Yu-Lu , Fang Te-Yung , Wang Pa-Chun , Chen Ya-Hui , Wang Ting-Chuan , Huang Wan-Tsui 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is characterized by the presence of fluid in the middle ear without the presentation of signs or symptoms of acute ear infection. The point prevalence of OME reaches as high as 60% in children younger than 2 years of age. We used the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to investigate the use of medication in children with OME before receiving ventilation tube insertion (VTI). Methods: Data of pediatric patients (age ≤ 12 years) who had OME and received VTI from January 1, 2011, to December 30, 2012, were retrieved from the Taiwan NHIRD. We surveyed the use of 4 medications to understand whether health care providers achieved the standards of medication use recommended by clinical practice guidelines. Results: This study examines the factors affecting the use of medication for pediatric OME. Overall, according to the study’s operational definitions, the use of systemic antibiotics was most common (59.9%), followed by systemic antihistamines (23.4%), systemic steroids (8.8%), and intranasal steroids (9.6%). Systemic antibiotics use was associated with 12 factors. Ten of the 12 factors increase the use of systemic antibiotics, including namely age (age > 2 years), comorbidities, teaching hospital, and community hospital. In contrast, namely catastrophic illness and watchful waiting are the 2 factors that decrease systemic antibiotics use. For the use of systemic antihistamines, systemic steroids, and intranasal steroids were related to 6, 5, and 2 factors, respectively. Conclusions: The rate of drug use differs from the rate of use recommended by commonly used clinical practice guidelines. We found that the higher the number of factors that influenced the patients’ drug use, the higher the rate of drug use. According to these results, drafting a treatment guideline for OME patients in accordance with current clinical practices in Taiwan is highly recommended.
Speech Outcomes Following Orticochea Pharyngoplasty in Patients With History of Cleft Palate and Noncleft Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
Authors: Birch Alison L. , Jordan Zoe V. , Ferguson Louisa M. , Kelly Clare B. , Boorman John G. 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To report speech outcomes following Orticochea pharyngoplasty in 43 patients with cleft palate and noncleft velopharyngeal dysfunction. Design: A retrospective surgical audit of patients undergoing Orticochea pharyngoplasty between 2004 and 2012, with speech as a primary outcome measure. Setting: Patients known to a regional UK cleft center. Methods: Forty-three patients underwent Orticochea pharyngoplasty by a single surgeon in a UK regional cleft center. Twenty-one patients had undergone a prior procedure for velopharyngeal dysfunction. Pre- and postoperative speech samples were assessed blindly using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented by a specialist cleft speech and language therapist, external to the team. Speech samples were rated on the following parameters: hypernasality, hyponasality, audible nasal emission, nasal, turbulence, and passive cleft speech characteristics. Statistical differences in pre- and postoperative speech scores were tested using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. Inter- and intrareliability scores were calculated using weighted Cohen κ. Results: Whole group: A statistically significant difference in pre- and postoperative scores for hypernasality ( P < .001), hyponasality ( P < .05), nasal emission ( P < .01), and passive cleft speech characteristics ( P < .01) were reported. Patients with cleft diagnoses: A statistically significant difference in scores for hypernasality ( P < .001), nasal emission ( P < .01), and passive cleft speech characteristics ( P < .01) were reported for this group of patients. Patients with noncleft diagnoses: The only parameter to demonstrate a statistically significant difference was hypernasality ( P < .01) in this group. Conclusions: Orticochea pharyngoplasty is a successful surgical procedure in treating velopharyngeal dysfunction in both the cleft and noncleft populations.
The broker role in societal activation of long-term welfare recipients: A jack of all trades?
Authors: Prevo Lotte , Jansen Maria , Kremers Stef 
Published: June 2021

Summary Socioeconomic status and health are strongly related to the ability of a person to participate in society. Acting upon activation and employment possibilities is difficult for several groups. One group described as especially hard to activate is long-term welfare recipients. In the current study, the role of an activation broker was studied as a supplementary practice to regular support practices. A qualitative research design using an analysis of the administrative logbook of the activation broker and interviews with professionals ( n = 8) and long-term welfare recipients ( n = 10) was carried out. To structure the retrieved data, the Activation Broker Wheel was developed. Findings Seven core behaviours were identified and categorized in three determinants; capabilities, opportunities and motivation. Contextual factors supporting the activation broker approach were selected. The activation broker approach was found to be successful in activating long-term welfare recipients. Applications The behaviours, determinants and context made visible within the Activation Broker Wheel provided insight into workable elements that may help future activation brokers to optimize their support.
Penile arterial communications and severity of erectile dysfunction, evaluation by color Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Lubinus Federico G , Ariza Diego M , Vera Silvia N , Villarreal Erick D 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inflow and outflow communications of the cavernous arteries to the extra cavernous arteries and their association with erectile dysfunction. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted which included 63 patients complaining of erectile dysfunction that had been referred from the urology and andrology services for a penile color Doppler study with a pharmacological test. Severity was classified in accordance with the erection phases evaluated by a Doppler ultrasound and its clinical correlation. Results: There were 63 patients, 22–83 years of age, having variable degrees of erectile dysfunction that were analyzed. In 59 patients (93.6%) some arterial communication was seen. Regardless of the collateral artery involved, we found that with each collateral passing through the tunica albuginea and showing outflow from the cavernous arteries the severity of erectile dysfunction was worsened. prevalence ratio of 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.13–1.56, value of p=0.001). Conclusions: The helicine arteries seem to participate in the phases of erection and detumescence, and dysfunction of their flow mechanism may be the first step in erectile dysfunction. Hence the importance of exploring new vascular factors that might affect the erectile mechanism and thus propose new lines of treatment. Level of evidence:
Imaging Modalities for the Glenoid Track in Recurrent Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vopat Matthew L. , Hermanns Christina A. , Midtgaard Kaare S. , Baker Jordan , Coda Reed G. , Cheema Sana G. , Tarakemeh Armin , Peebles Liam , Vopat Bryan G. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: June 2021

Background: The glenoid track (GT) concept illustrates how the degree of glenoid bone loss and humeral bone loss in the glenohumeral joint can guide further treatment in a patient with anterior instability. The importance of determining which lesions are at risk for recurrent instability involves imaging of the glenohumeral joint, but no studies have determined which type of imaging is the most appropriate. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and accuracy of different imaging modalities for measuring the GT in shoulders with recurrent anterior instability. We hypothesized that 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) would be the most accurate imaging technique. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane libraries between database inception and July 2019. We included all clinical trials or cadaveric studies that evaluated imaging modalities for assessing the GT. Results: A total of 13 studies were included in this review: 1 study using 2-dimensional CT, 6 studies using 3D-CT, 4 studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 1 study using magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA)/MRI, and 1 study combining CT and MRI. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for 2D-CT was 92%, 100%, and 96%, respectively. For MRI, the means were 72.2%, 87.9%, and 84.2%, respectively. No papers included 3D-CT metrics. The mean intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intraobserver reliability were 0.9046 for 3D-CT and 0.867 for MRI. ICCs for interobserver reliability were 0.8164, 0.8845, and 0.43 for 3D-CT, MRI, and MRA/MRI, respectively. Conclusion: There is evidence to support the use of both CT and MRI imaging modalities in assessing the GT. In addition, few studies have compared radiographic measurements with a gold standard, and even fewer have looked at the GT concept as a predictor of outcomes. Thus, future studies are needed to further evaluate which imaging modality is the most accurate to assess the GT.
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Glenoid Bone Loss in Anterior Shoulder Instability: The Anatomic Concave Surface Area Method
Authors: Launay Marine , Choudhry Muhammad Naghman , Green Nicholas , Maharaj Jashint , Cutbush Kenneth , Pivonka Peter , Gupta Ashish 
Published: June 2021

Background: Recurrent shoulder instability may be associated with glenoid erosion and bone loss. Accurate quantification of bone loss significantly influences the contemplation of surgical procedure. In addition, assessment of bone loss is crucial for surgical planning and accurate graft placement during surgery. Purpose: To quantify the concave surface area of glenoid bone loss by using 3-dimensional (3D) segmented models of the scapula and to compare this method with the best-fit circle and glenoid height/width methods, which use the glenoid rim for bone loss estimations. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 36 consecutive preoperative bilateral computed tomography scans of patients eligible for a primary Latarjet procedure were selected from our institutional surgical database (mean patient age, 29 ± 9 years; 31 men and 5 women). The 3D models of both scapulae were generated using medical segmentation software and were used to map the anatomic concave surface area (ACSA) of the inferior glenoid using the diameter of the best-fit circle of the healthy glenoid. Bone loss was calculated as a ratio of the difference between surface areas of both glenoids (healthy and pathological) against the anatomic circular surface area of the healthy glenoid (the ACSA method). These results were compared with bone loss calculations using the best-fit circle and glenoid height/width methods. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were also calculated. Results: The mean (± SD) bone loss calculated using the ACSA, the best-fit circle, and glenoid height/width methods was 9.4% ± 6.7%, 14.3% ± 6.8%, and 17.6% ± 7.3%, respectively. The ACSA method showed excellent interobserver reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95 versus those for the best-fit circle (ICC, 0.71) and glenoid height/width (ICC, 0.79) methods. Conclusion: Quantification of instability-related glenoid bone loss is reliable using the 3D ACSA method.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients’ Perceptions of Safety and Need for Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery in the United States
Authors: Chan Jimmy J. , Chen Kevin K. , Choi Peter , Rojas Edward O. , Schipper Oliver N. , Aiyer Amiethab , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Haleem Amgad M. , Kadakia Anish R. , Vulcano Ettore 
Published: June 2021

Background: With the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective foot and ankle surgeries were delayed throughout the United States to divert health care resources and limit exposure. Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on patient’s willingness to proceed with elective procedures once restrictions are lifted and factors contributing to such decision. Methods: Patients across 6 US orthopedic institutions who had their elective foot and ankle surgeries cancelled secondary to the pandemic were given a questionnaire. Specifically, patients were asked about their willingness to move forward with surgery once restrictions were lifted and if not why. Pain-level and pain medication use were also assessed. Univariate analysis was used to identify factors that contribute to patient’s decisions. Results: A total of 150 patients participated in this study. Twenty-one (14%) opted not to proceed with surgery once restrictions were lifted. Forty-three percent (n = 9) listed concern for COVID infection as the reason; however, 14% of them would proceed if procedures were performed in surgery center. Twenty-nine (19% of the total cohort) patients had increased pain and 11% of patients were taking more pain meds because of the delay to their procedure. Patients who decided not to proceed with surgery reported pain reduction (3% vs 14%) and lower increase in pain medication used (5% vs 12%). Conclusion: COVID-19 has made a significant impact on the health care system. Delay of elective foot and ankle procedures impact patient quality of life and outcomes. Access to surgery centers may provide a partial solution during the pandemic Level of Evidence: Level III.
Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of asthma: the ELAPSE project
Authors: Liu Shuo , Jørgensen Jeanette Therming , Ljungman Petter , Pershagen Göran , Bellander Tom , Leander Karin , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Rizzuto Debora , Hvidtfeldt Ulla A. , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Wolf Kathrin , Hoffmann Barbara , Brunekreef Bert , Strak Maciej , Chen Jie , Mehta Amar , Atkinson Richard W. , Bauwelinck Mariska , Varraso Raphaëlle , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Brandt Jørgen , Cesaroni Giulia , Forastiere Francesco , Fecht Daniela , Gulliver John , Hertel Ole , de Hoogh Kees , Janssen Nicole A.H. , Katsouyanni Klea , Ketzel Matthias , Klompmaker Jochem O. , Nagel Gabriele , Oftedal Bente , Peters Annette , Tjønneland Anne , Rodopoulou Sophia P. , Samoli Evangelia , Kristoffersen Doris Tove , Sigsgaard Torben , Stafoggia Massimo , Vienneau Danielle , Weinmayr Gudrun , Hoek Gerard , Andersen Zorana Jovanovic 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLong-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to childhood-onset asthma, although evidence is still insufficient. Within the multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE), we examined the associations of long-term exposures to particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC) with asthma incidence in adults.MethodsWe pooled data from three cohorts in Denmark and Sweden with information on asthma hospital diagnoses. The average concentrations of air pollutants in 2010 were modelled by hybrid land-use regression models at participants’ baseline residential addresses. Associations of air pollution exposures with asthma incidence were explored with Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 98 326 participants, 1965 developed asthma during a mean follow-up of 16.6 years. We observed associations in fully adjusted models with hazard ratios of 1.22 (95% CI 1.04–1.43) per 5 μg·m−3 for PM2.5, 1.17 (95% CI 1.10–1.25) per 10 µg·m−3 for NO2 and 1.15 (95% CI 1.08–1.23) per 0.5×10−5 m−1 for BC. Hazard ratios were larger in cohort subsets with exposure levels below the European Union and US limit values and possibly World Health Organization guidelines for PM2.5 and NO2. NO2 and BC estimates remained unchanged in two-pollutant models with PM2.5, whereas PM2.5 estimates were attenuated to unity. The concentration–response curves showed no evidence of a threshold.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to air pollution, especially from fossil fuel combustion sources such as motorised traffic, was associated with adult-onset asthma, even at levels below the current limit values.