bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, validation, and application of a quantitative volumetric absorptive microsampling–based method in finger prick blood by means of LC-HRMS/MS applicable for adherence monitoring of antipsychotics
Authors: Jacobs Cathy M. , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVolumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), an emerging microsampling technique, is expected to overcome some disadvantages of dried blood spots such as volume inaccuracy and influence of hematocrit (HT). This study aimed to develop and evaluate a VAMS-based strategy for quantification of 13 frequently prescribed antipsychotics in finger prick blood within the scope of adherence monitoring to complement already-established qualitative urine analysis. The final workflow consisted of VAMS tip hydration and subsequent precipitation. Samples were analyzed by using reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap mass spectrometry operated in parallel reaction monitoring mode. The analytical procedure was successfully validated based on international recommendations at three different HT values (20%, 40%, 60%) for most of the analytes. Selectivity and within/between-run accuracy and precision were in accordance with the recommendations in most cases. Internal standard–normalized matrix factor met recommended criteria for all analytes at HT 40%. For the HT values of 20% and 60%, only four substances did not meet the criteria. Dilution integrity was given for all substances, except for olanzapine, allowing a quantification over the whole therapeutic range of selected antipsychotics. Long-term stability in VAMS tips was tested and revealed degradation of five antipsychotic drugs after 1 week of storage at 24 °C. A proof of concept of the applicability of the method was obtained by quantification of a selection of the 13 antipsychotic drugs in VAMS tips and matched plasma samples. Results were coherent between matrices. Thus, VAMS was shown to be a promising alternative for adherence monitoring of at least the investigated antipsychotics.
Top–down task-specific determinants of multisensory motor reaction time enhancements and sensory switch costs
Authors: Barutchu Ayla , Spence Charles 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the complex interplay between multisensory processing, top–down processes related to the task relevance of sensory signals, and sensory switching. Thirty-five adults completed either a speeded detection or a discrimination task using the same auditory and visual stimuli and experimental setup. The stimuli consisted of unisensory and multisensory presentations of the letters ‘b’ and ‘d’. The multisensory stimuli were either congruent (e.g., the grapheme ‘b’ with the phoneme /b/) or incongruent (e.g., the grapheme ‘b’ with the phoneme /d/). In the detection task, the participants had to respond to all of the stimuli as rapidly as possible while, in the discrimination task, they only responded on those trials where one prespecified letter (either ‘b’ or ‘d’) was present. Incongruent multisensory stimuli resulted in faster responses as compared to unisensory stimuli in the detection task. In the discrimination task, only the dual-target congruent stimuli resulted in faster RTs, while the incongruent multisensory stimuli led to slower RTs than to unisensory stimuli; RTs were the slowest when the visual (rather than the auditory) signal was irrelevant, thus suggesting visual dominance. Switch costs were also observed when switching between unisensory target stimuli, while dual-target multisensory stimuli were less likely to be affected by sensory switching. Taken together, these findings suggest that multisensory motor enhancements and sensory switch costs are influenced by top–down modulations determined by task instructions, which can override the influence of prior learnt associations.
Nonnegative solutions for the fractional Laplacian involving a nonlinearity with zeros
Authors: Alarcón Salomón , Iturriaga Leonelo , Ritorto Antonella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the nonlocal nonlinear problem $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}[c]{lll} (-\Delta )^s u = \lambda f(u) &{} \text{ in } \Omega , \\ u=0&{}\text{ on } \mathbb {R}^N{\setminus }\Omega , \quad (P_{\lambda }) \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

(
-
Δ
)

s

u
=
λ
f

(
u
)

in

Ω
,

u
=
0

on

R

N

\
Ω
,

(

P
λ

)

where $$\Omega $$
Ω
is a bounded smooth domain in $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

, $$N>2s$$

N
>
2
s

, $$0<s<1$$

0
<
s
<
1

; $$f:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow [0,\infty )$$

f
:
R
→
[
0
,
∞
)

is a nonlinear continuous function such that $$f(0)=f(1)=0$$

f
(
0
)
=
f
(
1
)
=
0

and $$f(t)\sim |t|^{p-1}t$$

f

(
t
)

∼

|
t
|

p
-
1

t

as $$t\rightarrow 0^+$$

t
→

0
+

, with $$2<p+1<2^*_s$$

2
<
p
+
1
<

2
s
∗

; and $$\lambda $$
λ
is a positive parameter. We prove the existence of two nontrivial solutions $$u_{\lambda }$$

u
λ

and $$v_{\lambda }$$

v
λ

to ($$P_{\lambda }$$

P
λ

) such that $$0\le u_{\lambda }< v_{\lambda }\le 1$$

0
≤

u
λ

<

v
λ

≤
1

for all sufficiently large $$\lambda $$
λ
. The first solution $$u_{\lambda }$$

u
λ

is obtained by applying the Mountain Pass Theorem, whereas the second, $$v_{\lambda }$$

v
λ

, via the sub- and super-solution method. We point out that our results hold regardless of the behavior of the nonlinearity f at infinity. In addition, we obtain that these solutions belong to $$L^{\infty }(\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

.
Plasma oxalate and eGFR are correlated in primary hyperoxaluria patients with maintained kidney function—data from three placebo-controlled studies
Authors: Milliner Dawn S. , Cochat Pierre , Hulton Sally-Anne , Harambat Jerome , Banos Ana , Dehmel Bastian , Lindner Elisabeth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH), endogenous oxalate overproduction increases urinary oxalate excretion, leading to compromised kidney function and often kidney failure. Highly elevated plasma oxalate (Pox) is associated with systemic oxalate deposition in patients with PH and severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). The relationship between Pox and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with preserved kidney function, however, is not well established. Our analysis aimed to investigate a potential correlation between these parameters in PH patients from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials (studies OC3-DB-01, OC3-DB-02, and OC5-DB-01).

Methods
Baseline data from patients with a PH diagnosis (type 1, 2, or 3) and eGFR > 40 mL/min/1.73 m2 were analyzed for a correlation between eGFR and Pox using Spearman’s rank and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Data were analyzed by individual study and additionally were pooled for Studies OC3-DB-02 and OC5-DB-01 in which the same Pox assay was used.

Results
A total of 106 patients were analyzed. A statistically significant inverse Spearman’s correlation between eGFR and Pox was observed across all analyses; correlation coefficients were − 0.44 in study OC3-DB-01, − 0.55 in study OC3-DB-02, − 0.51 in study OC5-DB-01, and − 0.49 in the pooled studies (p < 0.0064).

Conclusions
Baseline evaluations showed a moderate and statistically significant inverse correlation between eGFR and Pox in patients with PH already at early stages of CKD (stages 1–3b), demonstrating that a correlation is present before substantial loss in kidney function occurs.

Graphical abstract
Classification of jujube defects in small data sets based on transfer learning
Authors: Ju Jianping , Zheng Hong , Xu Xiaohang , Guo Zhongyuan , Zheng Zhaohui , Lin Mingyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough convolutional neural networks have achieved success in the field of image classification, there are still challenges in the field of agricultural product quality sorting such as machine vision-based jujube defects detection. The performance of jujube defect detection mainly depends on the feature extraction and the classifier used. Due to the diversity of the jujube materials and the variability of the testing environment, the traditional method of manually extracting the features often fails to meet the requirements of practical application. In this paper, a jujube sorting model in small data sets based on convolutional neural network and transfer learning is proposed to meet the actual demand of jujube defects detection. Firstly, the original images collected from the actual jujube sorting production line were pre-processed, and the data were augmented to establish a data set of five categories of jujube defects. The original CNN model is then improved by embedding the SE module and using the triplet loss function and the center loss function to replace the softmax loss function. Finally, the depth pre-training model on the ImageNet image data set was used to conduct training on the jujube defects data set, so that the parameters of the pre-training model could fit the parameter distribution of the jujube defects image, and the parameter distribution was transferred to the jujube defects data set to complete the transfer of the model and realize the detection and classification of the jujube defects. The classification results are visualized by heatmap through the analysis of classification accuracy and confusion matrix compared with the comparison models. The experimental results show that the SE-ResNet50-CL model optimizes the fine-grained classification problem of jujube defect recognition, and the test accuracy reaches 94.15%. The model has good stability and high recognition accuracy in complex environments.
Promises of meat and milk alternatives: an integrative literature review on emergent research themes
Authors: Lonkila Annika , Kaljonen Minna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing concerns for climate change call for radical changes in food systems. There is a need to pay more attention to the entangled changes in technological development, food production, as well as consumption and consumer demand. Consumer and market interest in alternative meat and milk products—such as plant based milk, plant protein products and cultured meat and milk—is increasing. At the same time, statistics do not show a decrease in meat consumption. Yet alternatives have been suggested to have great transitional potential, appealing to different consumer segments, diets, and identities. We review 123 social scientific journal articles on cell-based and plant-based meat and milk alternatives to understand how the positioning of alternatives as both same and different in relation to animal-based products influences their role within the protein transition. We position the existing literature into three themes: (1) promissory narratives and tensions on markets, (2) consumer preferences, attitudes, and behavioral change policies, (3) and the politics and ethics of the alternatives. Based on our analysis of the literature, we suggest that more research is needed to understand the broader ethical impacts of the re-imagination of the food system inherent in meat and milk alternatives. There is also a need to direct more attention to the impacts of meat and milk alternatives to the practices of agricultural practices and food production at the farm-level. A closer examination of these research gaps can contribute to a better understanding of the transformative potential of alternatives on a systemic level.
Cumulative Effects of Adding a Small Group Intervention to Social Network Testing on HIV Testing Rates Among Crack Users in San Salvador, El Salvador
Authors: Dickson-Gomez Julia , Tarima Sergey , Glasman Laura , Cuellar Wendy , de Mendoza Lorena Rivas , Bodnar Gloria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study evaluates a combination prevention intervention for crack users in San Salvador, El Salvador that included social network HIV testing, community events and small group interventions. We examined the cumulative effects of the social network HIV testing and small group interventions on rates of HIV testing, beyond the increase that we saw with the introduction of the social network HIV testing intervention alone. HIV test data was converted into the number of daily tests and analyzed the immediate and overtime impact of small group interventions during and in the twelve weeks after the small group intervention. The addition of the small group interventions to the baseline of monthly HIV tests resulted in increased rates of testing lasting 7 days after the small group interventions suggesting a reinforcing effect of small group interventions on testing rates.
Probing the Positions of TeO Moieties in the Channels of the MoVNbTeO M1 Catalyst: A Density Functional Theory Model Study
Authors: Arce-Ramos Juan Manuel , Rugg Graham , Genest Alexander , Rösch Notker 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With hybrid DFT calculations applied to periodic models of the bulk MoVNbTeO M1 catalyst, we examined how [TeO]2+ species in the hexagonal channels of this material stabilize nearby reduced metal centers. In particular, an S2(Mo) site, with adjacent [TeO]2+ moieties at both sides, is calculated to be reduced to Mo5+. The modeling study presented offers insight into how the redox behavior of V and Mo centers, a crucial aspect of the M1 catalyst for the selective partial oxidation of small hydrocarbons, may be fine-tuned via TeO moieties at various distances from the metal centers.

Graphic Abstract
TeO moieties in hexagonal channels, adjacent on either side of an S2(Mo) center, stabilize a gap state at the Mo center, facilitating its reduction to Mo5+.
Recovery Courses of Patients Who Return to Work by 3, 6 or 12 Months After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hylkema T. H. , Stevens M. , van Beveren J. , Rijk P. C. , Brouwer R. W. , Bulstra S. K. , Kuijer P. P. F. M. , Brouwer S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurpose This study compared the preoperative levels and postoperative recovery courses of physical and mental impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions of working-age patients who return to work (RTW) by 3, 6 or 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A prospective survey study including TKA patients (aged < 65) (n = 146) who returned to work (RdTW) in the first postoperative year. Three groups were compared: those who returned by 3 (n = 35), 6 (n = 40) or 12 (n = 29) months. Surveys were completed preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Outcomes represented domains of the International Classification of Functioning, i.e. physical impairments (pain, stiffness, vitality), mental impairments (mental health and depressive symptoms), activity limitations (physical functioning) and participation restrictions (social and work functioning). Results Preoperative knee-specific pain and physical functioning levels were better among patients who RdTW by 3 months, compared to those who returned by 12 months. Patients who RdTW by 3 months experienced significantly better recovery from physical impairments than those who returned by 6 months (on general pain) or 12 months (on general and knee-specific pain and on stiffness). Patients returning by 3 months experienced significantly better recovery from activity limitations (on knee-specific physical functioning). Conclusions To optimize return to work outcome after TKA surgery, the focus should lie on physical impairments (general and knee-specific pain, stiffness) and activity limitations (knee-specific physical functioning) during recovery.
The Effect of Baseline Patterns of Spiritual Coping, Forgiveness, and Gratitude on the Completion of an Alcohol Addiction Treatment Program
Authors: Charzyńska Edyta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify distinct profiles of persons beginning alcohol addiction therapy with similar baseline configurations of spiritual coping, forgiveness, and gratitude. The associations between latent profile membership and the completion of therapy were also examined. The sample was composed of 358 alcohol-dependent persons receiving an outpatient treatment program. The Spiritual Coping Questionnaire, the Forgiveness Scale, and the Gratitude Questionnaire were used to assess the baseline levels of spirituality-related variables. Using latent profile analysis, five profiles were identified: (1) both moderately positive and negative dimensions of spirituality (33.2%), (2) moderately positive dimensions of spirituality (21.0%), (3) predominantly negative dimensions of spirituality (20.2%), (4) mixed dimensions of spirituality with the lowest positive religious coping (14.0%), and (5) highly positive dimensions of spirituality (11.6%). Notably, the latent profiles differed in terms of the treatment completion rates. The results suggest the need to carry out a multidimensional assessment of spiritual functioning of persons beginning alcohol addiction therapy to provide treatment that is adjusted to patients’ spiritual potential and deficits.
Realtime flicker removal for fast video streaming and detection of moving objects
Authors: Nowisz Jarosław , Kopania Michał , Przelaskowski Artur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh-speed cameras are used in computer vision systems to track balls, shuttlecocks, or players in many different sports. Collected information is used for statistics, as coaches’ and players’ aids to improve technique and tactics or as referees’ aids to verify their decisions or to enrich television broadcasts. Sports arenas in which games are played are often equipped with lights generating flickering effects in captured movies. A fast and yet effective enough algorithm is necessary to remove flickering so movement detection and object tracking algorithms could be used. In this paper, we propose a fast flicker removal algorithm working as an online filter on frame streams at speeds exceeding 200 frames per second. Most of the solutions found in literature concentrate on effectiveness and accuracy and not on the speed of operation. In contrast, our original solution is designed with speed in mind with sufficient accuracy to be used before calculating differential frames to detect movement in streams. Our algorithm is adaptive and works when lighting conditions are changing (new light sources) and performs well with various light sources that are causing flickering. The results of the experiments carried out show the high effectiveness of the method implemented on CPU and GPU, allowing effective tracking of objects of interest in preliminary applications of a commercially offered instant review system for badminton.
Exploring gestural input for engineering surveys of real-life structures in virtual reality using photogrammetric 3D models
Authors: Tadeja Sławomir Konrad , Lu Yupu , Rydlewicz Maciej , Rydlewicz Wojciech , Bubas Tomasz , Kristensson Per Ola 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotogrammetry is a promising set of methods for generating photorealistic 3D models of physical objects and structures. Such methods may rely solely on camera-captured photographs or include additional sensor data. Digital twins are digital replicas of physical objects and structures. Photogrammetry is an opportune approach for generating 3D models for the purpose of preparing digital twins. At a sufficiently high level of quality, digital twins provide effective archival representations of physical objects and structures and become effective substitutes for engineering inspections and surveying. While photogrammetric techniques are well-established, insights about effective methods for interacting with such models in virtual reality remain underexplored. We report the results of a qualitative engineering case study in which we asked six domain experts to carry out engineering measurement tasks in an immersive environment using bimanual gestural input coupled with gaze-tracking. The qualitative case study revealed that gaze-supported bimanual interaction of photogrammetric 3D models is a promising modality for domain experts. It allows the experts to efficiently manipulate and measure elements of the 3D model. To better allow designers to support this modality, we report design implications distilled from the feedback from the domain experts.
Stoichiometry and disorder influence over electronic structure in nanostructured VOx films
Authors: D’Elia A. , Rezvani S. J. , Zema N. , Zuccaro F. , Fanetti M. , Belec B. , Li B. W. , Zou C. W. , Spezzani C. , Sacchi M. , Marcelli A. , Coreno M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present and discuss the role of nanoparticles size and stoichiometry over the local atomic environment of nanostructured VOx films. The samples have been characterized in situ using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy identifying the stoichiometry-dependent fingerprints of disordered atomic arrangement. In vanadium oxides, the ligand atoms arrange according to a distorted octahedral geometry depending on the oxidation state, e.g. trigonal distortion in V2O3 and tetragonal distortion in bulk VO2. We demonstrate, taking VO2 as a case study, that as a consequence of the nanometric size of the nanoparticles, the original ligands symmetry of the bulk is broken resulting in the coexistence of a continuum of distorted atomic conformations. The resulting modulation of the electronic structure of the nanostructured VOx as a function of the oxygen content reveals a stoichiometry-dependent increase of disorder in the ligands matrix. This work shows the possibility to produce VOx nanostructured films accessing new disordered phases and provides a unique tool to investigate the complex matter.
Root age influences failure location in grass species during mechanical testing
Authors: Boldrin David , Bengough Anthony Glyn , Lin Zijian , Loades Kenneth Wilhelmus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aims
Root tensile tests are often rejected if failure location is outside the middle section of samples. This study aims to identify where and why failure occurs along a root axis, and hence to revisit current approaches to test-validity.

Methods
Roots from Festuca arundinacea; Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne were sampled from field-grown plants. Roots were tensile tested using a universal testing machine. Root samples were randomly allocated into two groups for testing. Group 1 roots were orientated with the older tissue closest to the top clamp, group 2 roots were orientated oppositely. Tensile strength, Young’s modulus and failure location were recorded for each sample.

Results
Lolium multiflorum roots were thinner and stronger than roots of Festuca arundinacea. Failure location in tensile tests depended significantly on tissue age with 75% of samples failing in the younger third of root tissue regardless of the root orientation in the testing frame. Only 7% of roots failed in the middle third of the sample.

Conclusions
Fibrous roots tested in tension were observed to consistently fail in the younger tissue along the root axis. Exclusion of samples which fail outside the middle region of the root axis needs re-evaluation for a range of species.