bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An accurate assignment test for extremely low‐coverage whole‐genome sequence data
Authors: Ferrari Giada , Atmore Lane M. , Jentoft Sissel , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Makowiecki Daniel , Barrett James H. , Star Bastiaan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenomic assignment tests can provide important diagnostic biological characteristics, such as population of origin or ecotype. Yet, assignment tests often rely on moderate‐ to high‐coverage sequence data that can be difficult to obtain for fields such as molecular ecology and ancient DNA. We have developed a novel approach that efficiently assigns biologically relevant information (i.e., population identity or structural variants such as inversions) in extremely low‐coverage sequence data. First, we generate databases from existing reference data using a subset of diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a biological characteristic. Low‐coverage alignment files are subsequently compared to these databases to ascertain allelic state, yielding a joint probability for each association. To assess the efficacy of this approach, we assigned haplotypes and population identity in Heliconius butterflies, Atlantic herring, and Atlantic cod using chromosomal inversion sites and whole‐genome data. We scored both modern and ancient specimens, including the first whole‐genome sequence data recovered from ancient Atlantic herring bones. The method accurately assigns biological characteristics, including population membership, using extremely low‐coverage data (as low as 0.0001x) based on genome‐wide SNPs. This approach will therefore increase the number of samples in evolutionary, ecological and archaeological research for which relevant biological information can be obtained.
How Far Will Managers Go to Look Like a Good Steward? An Examination of Preferences for Trustworthiness and Honesty in Managerial Reporting†
Authors: Abdel‐Rahim Heba Y. , Hales Jeffrey , Stevens Douglas E. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTGrowing calls for expanded disclosure on managerial stewardship raise important questions about how finer (i.e., disaggregated) reporting, when paired with discretion over classification, will influence managerial behavior. To study this question, we develop an investment game in which, if the investor chooses to invest, the manager privately observes production costs, chooses their personal pay, and provides a cost report in one of three reporting regimes: aggregated, disaggregated without discretion, or disaggregated with discretion. In Experiment 1, as predicted, managers report lower personal pay under both disaggregated regimes than what they consume under the aggregated regime. Yet, when disaggregated reports allow for discretion, managers misclassify personal pay as production costs to such an extent that their actual consumption is no different than in the aggregated condition. In Experiment 2, we allow managers to choose either an aggregated report or a disaggregated report with discretion. We find that, rather than remaining silent, the vast majority of managers still prefer the opportunity to report on their pay explicitly so that they can use their reporting discretion to appear trustworthy, despite not actually being so. In summary, our evidence suggests a strong weight of preferences for appearing trustworthy in the managers' utility function, a much lower weight for actually being trustworthy, and little evidence that preferences for being honest are strong enough for discretionary disaggregated reporting to curb agency costs. In other words, whether disaggregation can reduce agency costs will depend on managers' reporting discretion. Our findings have important implications for control system designers, financial and sustainability accounting standard setters, and regulators.
Hemodynamic evaluation of a new pulsatile blood pump during low flow cardiopulmonary bypass support
Authors: Miyamoto Takuma , Sunagawa Gengo , Dessoffy Raymond , Karimov Jamshid H. , Grady Patrick , Naber Jeffrey P. , Vincent Douglas , Sale Shiva M. , Kvernebo Knut , Tran Van N. P. , Moazami Nader , Fukamachi Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe VentriFlo® True Pulse Pump (VentriFlo, Inc, Pelham, NH, USA) is a new pulsatile blood pump intended for use during short‐term circulatory support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the VentriFlo and compare it to a conventional centrifugal pump (ROTAFLOW, Getinge, Gothenberg, Sweden) in acute pig experiments.MethodsPigs (40–45 kg) were supported by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the VentriFlo (n = 9) or ROTAFLOW (n = 5) for 6 h. Both VentriFlo and ROTAFLOW circuits utilized standard CPB components. We evaluated hemodynamics, blood chemistry, gas analysis, plasma hemoglobin, and microcirculation at the groin skin with computer‐assisted video microscopy (Optilia, Sollentuna, Sweden).ResultsPigs were successfully supported by CPB for 6 h without any pump‐related complications in either group. The VentriFlo delivered an average stroke volume of 29.2 ± 4.8 ml. VentriFlo delivered significantly higher pulse pressure (29.1 ± 7.2 mm Hg vs. 4.4 ± 7.0 mm Hg, p < 0.01) as measured in the carotid artery, with mean aortic pressure and pump flow comparable with those in ROTAFLOW. In blood gas analysis, arterial pH was significantly lower after five hours support in the VentriFlo group (7.30 ± 0.07 vs. 7.43 ± 0.03, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in plasma hemoglobin level in both groups after six hours of CPB support. In microcirculatory assessment, VentriFlo tended to keep normal capillary flow, but it was not statistically significant.ConclusionsVentriFlo‐supported pigs showed comparable hemodynamic parameters with significantly higher pulse pressure compared to ROTAFLOW without hemolysis.
Novel treatments in epilepsy guided by genetic diagnosis
Authors: Marini Carla , Giardino Maria 
Published: November 2021

In recent years, precision medicine has emerged as a new paradigm for improved and more individualized patient care. Its key objective is to provide the right treatment, to the right patient at the right time, by basing medical decisions on individual characteristics, including specific genetic biomarkers. In order to realize this objective researchers and physicians must first identify the underlying genetic cause; over the last 10 years, advances in genetics have made this possible for several monogenic epilepsies. Through next generation techniques, a precise genetic aetiology is attainable in 30–50% of genetic epilepsies beginning in the paediatric age. While committed in such search for novel genes carrying disease‐causing variants, progress in the study of experimental models of epilepsy has also provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the condition. Such advances are already being translated into improving care, management and treatment of some patients. Identification of a precise genetic aetiology can already direct physicians to prescribe treatments correcting specific metabolic defects, avoid antiseizure medicines that might aggravate functional consequences of the disease‐causing variant or select the drugs that counteract the underlying, genetically determined, functional disturbance. Personalized, tailored treatments should not just focus on how to stop seizures but possibly prevent their onset and cure the disorder, often consisting of seizures and its comorbidities including cognitive, motor and behaviour deficiencies. This review discusses the therapeutic implications following a specific genetic diagnosis and the correlation between genetic findings, pathophysiological mechanisms and tailored seizure treatment, emphasizing the impact on current clinical practice.
Discussion on “distributional independent component analysis for diverse neuroimaging modalities” by Ben Wu, Subhadip Pal, Jian Kang, and Ying Guo
Authors: Moerkerke Beatrijs , Seurinck Ruth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe are grateful for the opportunity to provide a discussion on this paper. We will first focus on the general context. Next, we will emphasize the novel key ideas proposed by the authors before formulating some open questions.
Roost site use by Great (Buceros bicornis) and Wreathed (Rhyticeros undulatus) Hornbill and its implications for seed dispersal
Authors: Naniwadekar Rohit , Rathore Akanksha , Shukla Ushma , Datta Aparajita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe examined roost selection by hornbills using telemetry data and determined its implication for seed dispersal. Roost selection was not influenced by nest/foraging sites. Wreathed Hornbill roosts were mostly close to the river. Hornbills dispersed only 10% of seeds at roosts, but dispersal distances of those seeds were longer.
Association of Escherichia coli containing polyketide synthase in the gut microbiota with colorectal neoplasia in Japan
Authors: Iwasaki Motoki , Kanehara Rieko , Yamaji Taiki , Katagiri Ryoko , Mutoh Michihiro , Tsunematsu Yuta , Sato Michio , Watanabe Kenji , Hosomi Koji , Kakugawa Yasuo , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Hotta Kinichi , Kunisawa Jun , Wakabayashi Keiji , Matsuda Takahisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEscherichia coli containing polyketide synthase in the gut microbiota (pks+ E coli) produce a polyketide‐peptide genotoxin, colibactin, and are suspected to play a role in the development of colorectal neoplasia. To clarify the role of pks+ E coli in the early stage of tumorigenesis, we investigated whether the pks status of E coli was associated with the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia. This cross‐sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort in Izu Oshima, Japan included asymptomatic residents aged 40‐79 years who underwent screening colonoscopy and provided a stool sample. We identified 543 participants with colorectal neoplasia (22 colorectal cancer and 521 adenoma) as cases and 425 participants with normal colon as controls. The pks status of E coli was assayed using stool DNA and specific primers that detected pks+ E coli. The proportion of pks+ E coli was 32.6% among cases and 30.8% among controls. Compared with those with pks− E coli, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for participants with pks+ E coli was 1.04 (0.77‐1.41) after adjusting for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were observed regardless of tumor site or number of colorectal adenoma lesions. However, stratified analyses revealed increased ORs among participants who consumed cereals over the median intake or vegetables under the median intake. Overall, we found no statistically significant association between pks+ E coli and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma lesions among this Japanese cohort. However, positive associations were suggested under certain intake levels of cereals or vegetables.
The spatial distribution of immune cell subpopulations in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Peng‐Cheng , Hu Zhi‐Qiang , Zhou Shao‐Lai , Yu Song‐Yang , Mao Li , Su Sheng , Li Jia , Ren Ning , Huang Xiao‐Wu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInfiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) influence tumor progression and patient prognosis, making them attractive therapeutic targets for immunotherapy research. A deeper understanding of immune cell distributions in the TME in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed to identify interactions among different immune cell types that might impact the effectiveness of potential immunotherapies. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray of samples from 302 patients with HCC to elucidate the spatial distributions of immune cell subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD66b+, and CD68+) in HCC and normal liver tissues. We analyzed the associations between different immune subpopulations using Pearson's correlation. G(r) functions, K(r) functions and Euclidean distance were applied to characterize the bivariate distribution patterns among the immune cell types. Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier analysis were used to evaluate the associations between tumor infiltration by different immune cells and patient outcomes after curative surgery. We also analyzed the relationship between the spatial distribution of different immune cell subpopulations with HCC patient prognosis. We found that the immune cell spatial distribution in the HCC TME is heterogeneous. Our study provides a theoretical basis for HCC immunotherapy.
The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis
Authors: Boer Maartje , Stevens Gonneke W. J. M. , Finkenauer Catrin , van den Eijnden Regina J. J. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing four waves of longitudinal data collected in 2015–2019 from 1419 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 12.5, 45.9% female, 21.9% immigrant), this study identified trajectories of problematic social media use (SMU) in parallel with trajectories of SMU frequency. Latent class growth analysis identified two subgroups with relatively high levels of problematic SMU over time: One showed high (24.7%) and one showed average SMU frequency (15.8%). Also, two subgroups with persistently low levels of problematic SMU were identified: One reported low (22.4%) and one reported high SMU frequency (37.1%). Although both subgroups with high levels of problematic SMU reported low subjective well‐being, the group with high SMU frequency showed low self‐control, whereas the group with average SMU frequency reported poor social competencies.
The role of thalidomide in dermatology
Authors: Hussain K. , Patel P. , Roberts N. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Thalidomide is a medication that has been in existence for over half a century, and has proven to be useful and effective in severe dermatological conditions. For dermatologists, the ability of thalidomide to reduce the levels of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α, along with its immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties, is of great significance, with the added advantage of being an oral medication. Its use is of course strictly monitored, owing to its potential adverse effects (AEs), particularly teratogenicity, with precautions taken to ensure its safe and correct use by both prescriber and patient. In this review, we look at the background and mechanism of action of thalidomide, provide an overview of conditions it can be used for with case examples, explain the potential AEs and monitoring requirements, and discuss future developments.
Comparison of patient characteristics between East Asian and non‐East Asian patients with insulin autoimmune syndrome
Authors: Oest Lisa , Roden Michael , Müssig Karsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveInsulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is the third most common cause of spontaneous hypoglycaemia in Japan but very rare in the rest of the world. We aimed to identify factors, which are associated with the occurrence of IAS and which may differ between East Asian and non‐East Asian patients.DesignA PubMed search using the search terms ‘insulin autoimmune syndrome’ and ‘Hirata disease’ revealed a total of 287 reports of IAS cases, including one previously unpublished own case.ResultsMean age (±standard deviation) was 52 ± 19 years in East Asian and 54 ± 21 years in non‐East Asian patients (p > .05). In both groups, there were more females. Mean body mass index was lower in East Asian than in non‐East Asian patients (23.0 ± 4.3 vs. 27.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2, p < .0001). Postprandial hypoglycaemia was more common in non‐East Asian patients (p < .05). East Asian patients took more frequently antithyroid medications and non‐East Asian patients angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (both p < .0001). Graves' disease and other autoimmune diseases were more frequently observed in East Asian patients (both p < .01). Parameters of glucose metabolism were comparable in both groups, independent of diabetes diagnosis (p > .05), except for insulin that was higher in East Asian compared to non‐East Asian metabolically healthy patients (p < .01). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1*0406 was the most frequent HLA‐type in East Asian patients (p < .0001), whereas DRB1*0403 and *0404 were more frequent in non‐East Asian patients (both p < .05). Non‐East Asian patients received more secondary treatments, including plasmapheresis and rituximab, whereas medication discontinuation was more common in East Asian patients (all p < .05). Outcome was similar in both groups (p > .05).ConclusionsFactors associated with IAS markedly differ between East Asian and non‐East Asian patients, with autoimmune disorders, particularly Graves' disease, antithyroid medications, and HLA‐DRB1*0406 more prevalent in East Asian patients and cardiovascular and plasma cell diseases, ACE inhibitors and HLA‐DRB1*0403 more prevalent in non‐East Asian patients.
Fibrin clot properties and fibrinolysis in patients with endocrine hypertension due to aldosterone or catecholamines excess
Authors: Warchoł‐Celińska Ewa , Prejbisz Aleksander , Dobrowolski Piotr , Wypasek Ewa , Kądziela Jacek , Kołodziejczyk‐Kruk Sylwia , Kabat Marek , Undas Anetta , Januszewicz Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate a new possible background of increased risk of cardiovascular events in two forms of endocrine hypertension: in primary aldosteronism (PA) and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) in comparison to essential hypertension (EHT).ContextProthrombotic properties of the fibrin clot structure, impaired fibrinolysis and enhanced thrombin generation have been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.DesignPatients with PA and PPGL were evaluated at baseline and re‐evaluated 3 months after causative treatment. At baseline PA and PPGL patients were compared to matched EHT patients and to healthy controls.PatientsThe study included 35 patients with PA, 16 patients with PPGL and two reference groups of patients with EHT (32 and 22 patients) and healthy controls (35 and 23 subjects).MeasurementsAll subjects underwent evaluation according to the study protocol that included plasma fibrin clot permeability (Ks), clot lysis time, endogenous thrombin potential.ResultsThere were no differences in clot structure and fibrinolytic activity in PA and PPGL patients as compared to matched patients with EHT, whereas all hypertensive groups were characterized by more compact fibrin clot structure, faster clot formation and enhanced thrombin generation in comparison to healthy controls. Both in PA and PPGL patients, fibrin clot properties and fibrinolytic parameters remained stable after the causative treatment.ConclusionsPatients with PA and PPGL are at a prothrombic state comparable to patients with EHT. The results suggest the higher risk of cardiovascular events observed in hypertensive PA and PPGL as compared to EHT is not mediated through investigated prothrombic mechanisms.
Impact of the duration of normothermic regional perfusion on the results of liver transplant from controlled circulatory death donors: A retrospective, multicentric study
Authors: Barbier Louise , Guillem Thomas , Savier Eric , Scatton Olivier , Dondero Federica , Si Larbi Anne‐Gaëlle , Bucur Petru , Sulpice Laurent , Robin Fabien , Goumard Claire , Muller Xavier , Venhard Jean‐Christophe , Allard Marc‐Antoine , Pittau Gabriella , Soubrane Olivier , Mercier Emmanuelle , Laffon Marc , Lesurtel Mickael , Salamé Ephrem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn France, the program of controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) was established with routine use of in situ normothermic regional perfusion (NRP). There is currently no consensus on its optimal duration. The purpose was to assess the impact of NRP duration on liver graft function and biliary outcomes. One‐hundred and fifty‐six liver recipients from NRP‐cDCD donors from six French centers between 2015 and 2019 were included. Primary endpoint was graft function assessed by early allograft dysfunction (EAD, according to Olthoff's criteria) and MEAF (model for early allograft function) score. Overall, three (1.9%) patients had primary non‐function, 30 (19.2%) patients experienced EAD, and MEAF score was 7.3 (±1.7). Mean NRP duration was 179 (±43) min. There was no impact of NRP duration on EAD (170±44 min in patients with EAD vs. 181±42 min in patients without, P = .286). There was no significant association between NRP duration and MEAF score (P = .347). NRP duration did neither impact on overall biliary complications nor on non‐anastomotic biliary strictures (overall rates of 16.7% and 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, duration of NRP in cDCD donors does not seem to impact liver graft function and biliary outcomes after liver transplantation. A 1 to 4‐h perfusion represents an optimal time window.
A study of diabetic ketoacidosis in the pregnant population in the United Kingdom: Investigating the incidence, aetiology, management and outcomes
Authors: Diguisto Caroline , Strachan Mark W. J. , Churchill David , Ayman Goher , Knight Marian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among pregnant women, describe its clinical features, management and outcomes and identify the risk factors for the condition.MethodsA national population‐based case–control study was conducted in the UK using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System between April 2019 and September 2020 including all pregnant women with DKA irrespective of the level of blood glucose. The incidence rate of DKA in pregnancy was estimated. A case–control analysis limited to women with type 1 diabetes was performed comparing characteristics of women with DKA (cases) to those of women whose pregnancies were not complicated by DKA (controls).ResultsIn all, 82 women were identified with DKA in pregnancy; 6.3 per 100,000 maternities (95% CI: 5.0–7.9). No maternal deaths occurred, but perinatal mortality was 12/73 (16%) with 11 stillbirths and one neonatal death. DKA episodes mostly occurred in women with type 1 diabetes (85%) and in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (71%). Episodes were mainly precipitated by infection (21%), vomiting (21%), steroid therapy (13%) and medication errors (10%). Fifteen percent of women had more than one episode of DKA during their pregnancy. Risk factors associated with DKA among women with type 1 diabetes identified through the case–control analysis were the woman and/or partner not being in a paid employment and having at least one microvascular complication of diabetes before pregnancy.ConclusionDKA in pregnancy was associated with high perinatal mortality and was linked with factors related to socio‐economic deprivation, mental health problems and long‐term difficulties with glycaemic control.