bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy Methane Emissions in California's San Joaquin Valley Inferred With Ground‐Based Remote Sensing Observations in the Summer and Winter
Authors: Heerah Sajjan , Frausto‐Vicencio Isis , Jeong Seongeun , Marklein Alison R. , Ding Yifan , Meyer Aaron G. , Parker Harrison A. , Fischer Marc L. , Franklin Jonathan E. , Hopkins Francesca M. , Dubey Manvendra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dairy industry in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) is one of California’s largest methane (CH4) sources. Reducing dairy emissions is a priority for the state’s climate change plans. Observations of current dairy CH4 emissions are key to monitoring actions taken toward this goal. To help support this, we present new ground‐based measurements of atmospheric column‐averaged CH4 mixing ratio (XCH4) gradients across a group of 600 dairies in the central SJV using EM27/SUN solar spectrometers. We used measurements from the 2019 summer and 2020 winter seasons for a top‐down emission inversion based on the WRF‐STILT model. Our top‐down estimates of the region’s dairy emissions range from 90% to 183% of the current CALGEM inventory’s emissions of 277 Gg/yr. In contrast to the strong temperature dependence found by earlier dairy CH4 emission studies, we also find that our top‐down emissions during the winter measurement days are comparable to the summer measurement days, possibly due to seasonal changes in dairy management practices and meteorological conditions. Furthermore, we find significant interday variability in our measurements and find that our emission estimates overlap with earlier top‐down studies and bottom‐up inventories in this region. Our study demonstrates how analysis of ground‐based remotely sensed CH4 gradient observations can help improve our understanding of CH4 sources at scales relevant to mitigation policy. It also reflects the need for long‐term monitoring of CH4 emissions in the region and at individual facilities to better understand their emissions.
Ocean Surface Radial Velocity Imaging in the AT‐INSAR Velocity Bunching Model: A Functional Approach
Authors: Pérez Fabricio , Moreles Miguel Angel , Morales‐Barcenas J. Héctor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImages obtained by airborne along‐track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (AT‐INSAR), provide tools to obtain ocean surface properties, such as the radial velocities of sea surface elevations. The estimation of these radial velocities from AT‐INSAR images is the interest of this work. We assume the Velocity Bunching Model relating the complex AT‐INSAR image at a point in the image plane, with the radial velocity of a scatterer point in the sea surface. The relation is by means of a nonlinear integral operator. Consequently, the estimation of radial velocities amounts to the solution of nonlinear and oscillatory integral equations. Our proposal is to solve the latter by Newton's methods on Hilbert function spaces, the so‐called optimize then discretize approach. The effectiveness is illustrated by means of numerical simulations evaluating the reconstruction of the radial velocities and the AT‐INSAR image. We show that this continuous version is accurate, and faster than the classical discretize then optimize version. A physical comparison is also carried out with the interferometric velocities.
GABAA and NMDA receptor density alterations and their behavioral correlates in the gestational methylazoxymethanol acetate model for schizophrenia
Authors: Kiemes Amanda , Gomes Felipe V. , Cash Diana , Uliana Daniela L. , Simmons Camilla , Singh Nisha , Vernon Anthony C. , Turkheimer Federico , Davies Cathy , Stone James M. , Grace Anthony A. , Modinos Gemma 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHippocampal hyperactivity driven by GABAergic interneuron deficits and NMDA receptor hypofunction is associated with the hyperdopaminergic state often observed in schizophrenia. Furthermore, previous research in the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rat model has demonstrated that repeated peripubertal diazepam administration can prevent the emergence of adult hippocampal hyperactivity, dopamine-system hyperactivity, and associated psychosis-relevant behaviors. Here, we sought to characterize hippocampal GABAAand NMDA receptors in MAM-treated rats and to elucidate the receptor mechanisms underlying the promising effects of peripubertal diazepam exposure. Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to measure receptor density in the dorsal hippocampus CA1, ventral hippocampus CA1, and ventral subiculum. Specifically, [3H]-Ro15-4513 was used to quantify the density of α5GABAAreceptors (α5GABAAR), [3H]-flumazenil to quantify α1-3;5GABAAR, and [3H]-MK801 to quantify NMDA receptors. MAM rats exhibited anxiety and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors as measured by elevated plus maze and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (AIH), although diazepam only partially rescued these behaviors. α5GABAAR density was reduced in MAM-treated rats in all hippocampal sub-regions, and negatively correlated with AIH. Ventral hippocampus CA1 α5GABAAR density was positively correlated with anxiety-like behavior. Dorsal hippocampus CA1 NMDA receptor density was increased in MAM-treated rats, and positively correlated with AIH. [3H]-flumazenil revealed no significant effects. Finally, we found no significant effect of diazepam treatment on receptor densities, potentially related to the only partial rescue of schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes. Overall, our findings provide first evidence of α5GABAAR and NMDA receptor abnormalities in the MAM model, suggesting that more selective pharmacological agents may become a novel therapeutic mechanism in schizophrenia.
Spatial regulation of cell motility and its fitness effect in a surface-attached bacterial community
Authors: Şimşek Emrah , Dawson Emma , Rather Philip N , Kim Minsu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On a surface, microorganisms grow into a multi-cellular community. When a community becomes densely populated, cells migrate away to expand the community’s territory. How microorganisms regulate surface motility to optimize expansion remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized surface motility of Proteus mirabilis. P. mirabilis is well known for its ability to expand its colony rapidly on a surface. Cursory visual inspection of an expanding colony suggests partial migration, i.e., one fraction of a population migrates while the other is sessile. Quantitative microscopic imaging shows that this migration pattern is determined by spatially inhomogeneous regulation of cell motility. Further analyses reveal that this spatial regulation is mediated by the Rcs system, which represses the expression of the motility regulator (FlhDC) in a nutrient-dependent manner. Alleviating this repression increases the colony expansion speed but results in a rapid drop in the number of viable cells, lowering population fitness. These findings collectively demonstrate how Rcs regulates cell motility dynamically to increase the fitness of an expanding bacterial population, illustrating a fundamental trade-off underlying bacterial colonization of a surface.
Glycoprotein PTGDS promotes tumorigenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by MYH9-mediated regulation of Wnt–β-catenin–STAT3 signaling
Authors: Hu Shunfeng , Ren Shuai , Cai Yiqing , Liu Jiarui , Han Yang , Zhao Yi , Yang Juan , Zhou Xiangxiang , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Glycoprotein prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and plays dual roles in prostaglandins metabolism and lipid transport. PTGDS has been involved in various cellular processes including the tumorigenesis of solid tumors, yet its role in carcinogenesis is contradictory and the significance of PTGDS in hematological malignancies is ill-defined. Here, we aimed to explore the expression and function of PTGDS in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), especially the potential role of PTGDS inhibitor, AT56, in lymphoma therapy. Remarkable high expression of PTGDS was found in DLBCL, which was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. PTGDS overexpression and rhPTGDS were found to promote cell proliferation. Besides, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that PTGDS knockdown and AT56 treatment exerted an anti-tumor effect by regulating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasion, and enhanced the drug sensitivity to adriamycin and bendamustine through promoting DNA damage. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitation-based mass spectrum identified the interaction between PTGDS and MYH9, which was found to promote DLBCL progression. PTGDS inhibition led to reduced expression of MYH9, and then declined activation of the Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 pathway through influencing the ubiquitination and degradation of GSK3-β in DLBCL. The rescue experiment demonstrated that PTGDS exerted an oncogenic role through regulating MYH9 and then the Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 pathway. Based on point mutation of glycosylation sites, we confirmed the N-glycosylation of PTGDS in Asn51 and Asn78 and found that abnormal glycosylation of PTGDS resulted in its nuclear translocation, prolonged half-life, and enhanced cell proliferation. Collectively, our findings identified for the first time that glycoprotein PTGDS promoted tumorigenesis of DLBCL through MYH9-mediated regulation of Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 signaling, and highlighted the potential role of AT56 as a novel therapeutic strategy for DLBCL treatment.
Functional delivery of lncRNA TUG1 by endothelial progenitor cells derived extracellular vesicles confers anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in sepsis via impairing miR-9-5p-targeted SIRT1 inhibition
Authors: Ma Wentao , Zhang Weihong , Cui Bing , Gao Jing , Liu Qiuhong , Yao Mengying , Ning Hanbing , Xing Lihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe delivery of biomolecules by extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been proven to ameliorate sepsis, yet the therapeutic mechanism remains to be elucidated. Taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is downregulated in sepsis. The current study was designed to explore the role of EPCs derived EVs transmitting TUG1 in macrophage polarization and macrophage-mediated inflammation in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model. TUG1 was underexpressed in CLP-induced sepsis, and its reexpression induced anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization and suppressed macrophage-medicated inflammatory injury to the pulmonary vascular endothelium. EPCs derived EVs transmitted TUG1 to promote M2 macrophage polarization. Luciferase, RIP, and RNA pull-down assays showed that TUG1 could competitively bind to microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) to upregulate the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Furthermore, EPCs derived EVs transmitted TUG1 to promote M2 macrophage polarization through the impairment of miR-9-5p-dependent SIRT1 inhibition. Finally, EPCs derived EVs carrying TUG1 were verified to ameliorate sepsis-induced organ damage in the murine model. In summary, EPCs derived EVs transmit TUG1 to attenuate sepsis via macrophage M2 polarization. This study also highlights the proinflammatory mechanism associated with miR-9-5p-mediated inhibition of SIRT1, which contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis.
DOK3 maintains intestinal homeostasis by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling and S100a8/9 production in neutrophils
Authors: Loh Jia Tong , Lee Koon-Guan , Lee Alison P. , Teo Joey Kay Hui , Lim Hsueh Lee , Kim Susana Soo-Yeon , Tan Andy Hee-Meng , Lam Kong-Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) depends on the complex interplay of host genetics, microbiome and the immune system is not fully understood. Here, we showed that Downstream of Kinase 3 (DOK3), an adapter protein involved in immune signaling, confers protection of mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. DOK3-deficiency promotes gut microbial dysbiosis and enhanced colitis susceptibility, which can be reversed by the transfer of normal microbiota from wild-type mice. Mechanistically, DOK3 exerts its protective effect by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling in colonic neutrophils to limit their S100a8/9 production, thereby maintaining gut microbial ecology and colon homeostasis. Hence, our findings reveal that the immune system and microbiome function in a feed-forward manner, whereby DOK3 maintains colonic neutrophils in a quiescent state to establish a gut microbiome essential for intestinal homeostasis and protection from IBD.
Akt inhibitor augments anti-proliferative efficacy of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor by FOXO3a activation in p53 mutated hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Patra Tapas , Meyer Keith , Ray Ratna B. , Kanda Tatsuo , Ray Ranjit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancy-related deaths. p53 mutation in HCC associates with worse clinicopathologic features including therapeutic limitation. A combination of targeted therapy may have some advantages. Akt/mTOR signaling contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Akt inhibitor (AZD5363) and mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor (AZD8055) are in a clinical trial for HCC and other cancers. In this study, we examined whether these inhibitors successfully induce antiproliferative activity in p53 mutant HCC cells, and the underlying mechanisms. We observed that a combination of AZD5363 and AZD8055 treatment synergizes antiproliferative activity on p53 mutated or wild-type HCC cell lines and induces apoptotic cell death. Mechanistic insights indicate that a combination of AZD5363 and AZD8055 activated FOXO3a to induce Bim-associated apoptosis in p53 mutated HCC cells, whereas cells retaining functional p53 enhanced Bax. siRNA-mediated knock-down of Bim or Bax prevented apoptosis in inhibitor-treated cells. We further observed a combination of treatment inhibits phosphorylation of FOXO3a and protects FOXO3a from MDM2 mediated degradation by preventing the phosphorylation of Akt and SGK1. FOXO3a accumulates in the nucleus under these conditions and induces Bim transcription in p53 mutant HCC cells. Combination treatment in the HCC cells expressing wild-type p53 causes interference of FOXO3a function for direct interaction with functional p53 and unable to induce Bim-associated cell death. On the other hand, Bim-associated cell death occurs in p53 mutant cells due to uninterrupted FOXO3a function. Overall, our findings suggested that a combined regimen of dual mTORC1/2 and Akt inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC patients harboring p53 mutation.
CD98-induced CD147 signaling stabilizes the Foxp3 protein to maintain tissue homeostasis
Authors: Geng JieJie , Chen Ruo , Yang Feng-fan , Lin Peng , Zhu Yu-meng , Fu Xianghui , Wang Ke , Feng Zhuan , Wu Jiao , Zhang Hai , Li Qi-jing , Chen Zhi-Nan , Zhu Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegulatory T cell (Treg) stability is necessary for the proper control of immune activity and tissue homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether Treg stability must be continually reinforced or is established during development under physiological conditions. Foxp3 has been characterized as a central mediator of the genetic program that governs Treg stability. Here, we demonstrate that to maintain Foxp3 protein expression, Tregs require cell-to-cell contact, which is mediated by the CD147-CD98 interaction. As Tregs are produced, CD147, which is expressed on their surface, is stimulated by CD98, which is widely expressed in the physiological environment. As a result, CD147’s intracellular domain binds to CDK2 and retains it near the membrane, leading to Foxp3 dephosphorylation and the prevention of Foxp3 degradation. In addition, the optimal distribution of Foxp3+ Tregs under both pathological and physiological conditions depends on CD98 expression. Thus, our study provides direct evidence that Foxp3-dependent Treg stability is reinforced in the periphery by the interaction between CD147 and CD98 in the surrounding environment. More importantly, Tregs with high CD147 expression effectively inhibit inflammatory responses and maintain Foxp3 stability, which has guiding significance for the application of Tregs in immunotherapy.
What support do caregivers of people with visual impairment receive and require? An exploratory study of UK healthcare and charity professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Enoch Jamie , Dickinson Christine , Subramanian Ahalya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous research has established that some informal caregivers (relatives/friends) of people with visual impairment (PVI) may require support themselves. However, there is limited understanding of how healthcare services and sight charities in the UK currently support caregivers. This study was therefore conducted to explore what support, information, and advice healthcare and charity professionals (HCCPs) currently provide for caregivers, and which additional support HCCPs would recommend in order to benefit caregivers.

Methods
HCCPs filled out an online survey, distributed among UK-based professional bodies and charity partners. Of 104 individuals who consented to participate, 68 (65%) HCCPs completed the survey in September–November 2019. Participants responded to Likert-type questions about how they interact with and support caregivers of PVI. Thirty-eight (56%) participants provided responses to open-ended questions about improving support for caregivers; qualitative analysis was conducted using the Framework Method.

Results
The survey showed that caregiver support activities most commonly undertaken related to onward signposting (90% (95% CI: 82–97%) of participants), or providing information about low vision aids and adaptations (85% (95% CI: 77–94%)), compared to activities focused on broader caregiver wellbeing. In open-ended responses, HCCPs highlighted the difficulties caregivers face in navigating an under-resourced and complex system. They recommended improving coordination and accessibility of information, as well as provision of emotional support and tangible assistance such as respite care and financial support.

Conclusions
The study suggests that HCCPs perceive significant unmet needs among caregivers of PVI, and would welcome further resources, information, and training to support caregivers.
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for image-guided surgery in non-human primates
Authors: Zhong Danni , Chen Weiyu , Xia Zhiming , Hu Rong , Qi Yuchen , Zhou Bo , Li Wanlin , He Jian , Wang Zhiming , Zhao Zujin , Ding Dan , Tian Mei , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhou Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the past two decades, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been intensively exploited for biological and biomedical applications. Although a series of investigations have been performed in non-primate animal models, there is few pilot studies in non-human primate animal models, strongly hindering the clinical translation of AIE luminogens (AIEgens). Herein, we present a systemic and multifaceted demonstration of an optical imaging-guided surgical operation via AIEgens from small animals (e.g., mice and rabbits) to rhesus macaque, the typical non-human primate animal model. Specifically, the folic conjugated-AIE luminogen (folic-AIEgen) generates strong and stable fluorescence for the detection and surgical excision of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Moreover, with the superior tumor/normal tissue ratio and rapid tumor accumulation, folic-AIEgen successfully images and guides the precise resection of invisible cancerous metastases. Taken together, the presented strategies of folic-AIEgen based fluorescence intraoperative imaging and visualization-guided surgery show potential for clinical applications.
Novel differential power processing topology for the mitigation of mismatch in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Luz Caio M. A. , Tofoli Fernando L. , Ribeiro Enio R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnergy harvesting from photovoltaic (PV) strings is significantly affected by partial shading. To address this problem, several power‐electronics‐based methods have been proposed in the literature. In this context, this letter presents an enhanced differential power processing topology. This novel solution allows obtaining soft switching, as well as the operation at lower switching frequencies, considering good trade‐offs between the number of modules of the string and component count. The proposed differential power processing approach is thoroughly analysed and compared with both the traditional bypass diode method and the PV‐to‐PV architecture through simulations carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Multisource‐multitarget cooperative positioning based on the fusion of inter‐vehicle relative vector in internet of vehicles
Authors: Shi Shuming , Yue Bingjian , Jia Suhua , Ma Xiaofan , Lin Nan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate positioning is a fundamental prerequisite for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs). Based on global navigation satellite systems, absolute positioning of ICVs can be augmented by cooperative positioning (CP) which fused the state‐related information shared in vehicular networks. Common CP relies on communication signals or special equipment to measure the distance between vehicles. This kind of ranging is suffering from multipath and non‐line of sight and hinders the improvement of CP. Using vehicle‐to‐target relative vectors (V2T‐RVs) based on on‐board sensors, which is immune to multipath and non‐line‐of‐sight, a distributed fusion framework named multisource‐multitarget cooperative positioning is proposed in this paper. Without knowing which target the V2T‐RVs are originated from, the positioning problem is converted into a multi‐target tracking problem by converting the V2T‐RVs into global coordinate. Then, a classic ellipse gate (EG) algorithm is used to pair the ICVs and the converted measurements. Finally, the sequential Kalman filter (KF) is used to complete the state estimation under multiple measurements and obtain the improved absolute position. The above EGKF method is verified in two scenarios generated by microscopic traffic simulator. Performance results show that the EGKF method within multisource‐multitarget cooperative positioning can significantly improve the positioning accuracy.
Image semantic segmentation method based on improved ERFNet model
Authors: Ye Dexue , Han Rubing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to solve the problems in the existing image semantic segmentation methods, such as the poor segmentation accuracy of small target object and the difficulty in segmentation of small target area, an image semantic segmentation method based on improved ERFNet model is proposed. Firstly, combining the asymmetric residual module and the weak bottleneck module, the ERFNet network model is improved to improve the running speed and reduce the loss of precision. Then, global pooling is used to fuse the feature channels after pyramid pooling to preserve more important feature information. Finally, the network model is implemented based on PyTorch deep learning framework, and the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments, in which the model retraining method is adopted to learn and train it. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the segmentation ability of small‐scale objects and reduces the possibility of misclassification. The average pixel accuracy (MPA) and average intersection merge ratio (MIOU) of the proposed method are higher than those of other contrast methods.