bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of the CaPP2C35 Gene Involved in the Formation of Light-Green Immature Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Fruits via GWAS and BSA
Authors: Wu Lang , Wang Haoran , Liu Sujun , Liu Mengmeng , Liu Jinkui , Wang Yihao , Sun Liang , Yang Wencai , Shen Huolin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the common colors of immature fruits are yellowish white, milky yellow, green, purple, and purplish black. Some genes related to these colors have been cloned, but only those related to dark green, white, and purple immature fruits; few studies have investigated light-green immature fruits. Here, we performed a genetic study using light-green (17C827) and green (17C658) immature fruits. We found that the light-green color of immature fruits were controlled by a single locus-dominant genetic trait compared with the green color of immature fruits. We also performed a genome-wide association study and bulked segregant analysis of immature-fruit color and mapped the LG locus to a 35.07 kbp region on chromosome 10. Only one gene, Capana10g001710, was found in this region. A G-A substitution occurred at the 313th base of the Capana10g001710 coding sequence in 17C827, resulting in the α-helix of its encoded PP2C35 protein to turn into a β-fold. The expression of Capana10g001710 (termed CaPP2C35) in 17C827 was significantly higher than in 17C658. Silencing of CaPP2C35 in 17C827 resulted in an increase in chlorophyll content in the exocarp and the appearance of green stripes on the surface of the fruit. These results indicate that CaPP2C35 may be involved in the formation of light-green immature fruits by regulating the accumulation of chlorophyll content in the exocarp. Thus, this research lays the foundation for further studies and genetic improvement of immature-fruit color in pepper.
Ultraintense Laser-Driven Nonthermal Acceleration of Charged Particles in the Near-QED Regime
Authors: Hu Yulong , Shen Baifei , Xu Jiancai , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Takabe Hideaki , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Here, we have studied the nonthermal acceleration of energetic electrons/protons under the near-QED regime by extending the laser intensity beyond 1023 W/cm2 based on a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The radiation-reaction (RR) effect plays a critical role and brings a quantum stochastic effect to the charged-particle acceleration process. Background electrons in plasma are accelerated in an intense laser field to several GeVs with strong oscillations and thus radiate γ-ray photons. The emitting γ-photons have a broad energy spectrum with maximal energy up to 3 GeV and result in radiation-reaction trapping of the electrons, forming a relativistic plasma bunch in the plasma channel. The accumulation of electrons and protons produces a charge-separation field for the acceleration/deceleration of charged particles. The accelerated electrons have a nonthermal spectrum with a power-law index of 1.5 with a laser intensity 1023 W/cm2 lower than that in the non-QED regime. As the laser intensity further increases over 1024 W/cm2, the power-law index further drops to 1.2. Moreover, the energy spectrum of accelerated protons has a nonthermal distribution with a power-law index of 0.7, which is much lower than that of electrons in the near-QED regime.
Heteroleptic C, N- Donor Pd(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, DNA/BSA Binding Interactions And Biological Studies
Authors: Patel Nikita J. , Dhaduk Milan P. , Dabhi Ravi A. , Bhatt Bhupesh S. , Bhatt Vaibhav D. , Patel Mohan N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A series of trisubstituted pyrazole-based ligands (L1-L6) and corresponding palladium(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by conductivity measurement, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Synthesized compounds were screened for various biological activities. UV-Vis spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies were used to determine the binding mode between HS-DNA and complexes, which suggest intercalation mode of binding. The protein binding study of complexes was evaluated by UV-visible spectroscopy. Antibacterial study of the complexes was screened against two Gram (+ve) and three Gram (-ve) bacteria and results show that all complexes are more effective against microorganisms than their respective ligands. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was tested against brine shrimp and MCF-7 Cells. The LC50 values of the ligand and complexes were found in the range of 9.24-4.12 µg/mL and 5.68-7.94 µg/mL, respectively.
A Novel Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature and an Immune Perspective of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Li Pengxiang , Qin Dongchun , Lv Xuefeng , Liu Lu , Peng Mengle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common reproductive neoplasm in women, especially in developing countries. Ferroptosis, a novel type of cell death, and lncRNAs play critical roles in the prognosis of CC patients and antitumor immunity. Methods: A ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature (FRLS) was constructed by LASSO Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, multivariate analysis, and nomogram were used to evaluate and predict the FRLS. Based on the FRLS, immune-related genes, the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune checkpoints, and immunotherapy were investigated. Results: The FRLS was composed of ten lncRNAs and was markedly associated with the overall survival (OS) of CC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the FRLS was largely associated with immune-related pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to analyze immune-related genes and to identify the optimal modules and genes. TLR4 was eventually identified, and its expression was verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the results in CC and paracancerous tissues. Besides, our results showed that CD8+ T cells were significantly correlated between the low- and high-risk groups, and it could modulate ferroptosis during tumor immunotherapy. The expression of immune checkpoints was substantially different between the two groups. Additionally, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) was applied to predict the sensitivity of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Conclusion: The FRLS established was significantly associated with prognosis; moreover, the FRLS is a prospective therapeutic target, and combined with immunotherapy, can be used in the treatment of CC patients.
Modeling of Interstitial Microwave Hyperthermia for Hepatic Tumors Using Floating Sleeve Antenna
Authors: Eltigani Faihaa , Ahmed Sulafa , Yahya Maged , Ahmed Mawahib 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Liver tumor, also known as hepatic tumor is one of the most common cancers with 80% of cases occurs in developing countries. Microwave hyperthermia is one of the promising treatment modalities that use microwaves to destroy the cancer cells by rising their temperature to 41- 45°C. This temperature elevation is achieved by using an applicator such as antennas. This study aims to design a microwave sleeve antenna capable of heating hepatic tumors (with different sizes and locations) to the therapeutic range of temperature for hyperthermia. Method: The sleeve antenna was designed to be resonate at 2.45 GHz and tested in a free space. Then; the antenna was tested in 6 different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor or blood vessels, Model B: with a tumor (2B3cm) and without blood vessels, Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B, then a small tumor (1.5a1.5cm) was created and its location (Model D) and size (Model E) were changed. Finally, a model with a spherical tumor of 1.5 cm diameter (Model F) was tested. Results: The return loss (S-parameters) of the antenna was varied from -45 dB to -25 dB in the different liver models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reached 30W/kg in the tumor and less than 24 W/kg in the surrounding tissues, while the tumor temperature elevated to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia in the all models and the surrounding tissues remain at a safe temperature range. Conclusions: The obtained results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.
Monitoring Land Subsidence With The Combination of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Techniques And Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Techniques: A Case Study In Suzhou, China
Authors: Sang Hongwei , Shi Bin , Zhang Dan , Liu Suping , Lu Yi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Land subsidence is a global geo-hazard caused by various natural and human factors, and it directly threatens the safety of the environment and infrastructures. Investigating the mechanism of land subsidence is becoming more and more important. In this paper, we use the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique combining the Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) technique to detect the spatial-temporal distributions of land subsidence and investigate the stratum deformation characteristics in Shengze, Suzhou. By analyzing Sentinel-1A date between 2017 and 2019 with the PSI technique and the deformation date derived by the DFOS technique, we conclude that the land surface deformations are mostly affected by the transitional exploitation of groundwater. The average Line-Of-Sight (LOS) deformation rate is mostly concentrated in -3 to 2.2 mm/yr, and a maximum subsidence rate of up to -16.9 mm/yr is observed in four industrial areas. Meanwhile, the DFOS-derived results reveal that the compression strata are mostly concentrated in 41.2-137.9 m depth, which is closely associated with the pore water pressure in the second confined aquifer. And it also reveals that the groundwater over-exploitation may be the significant triggering factor of the subsidence in the study area. The InSAR-derived results are also evaluated by the deformation time series obtained by the DFOS technique. The combination of those two new sensing and monitoring technologies enables us to highlight the large deformation area and reveal the mechanism of its subsidence, which is conducive to urban development, disaster risk management, and rational exploitation and management of groundwater in Suzhou.
HIV Testing Preferences Among Trans Men and Trans Women: A Retrospective Study of Client Records from 2017 to 2019 in a Community-Based Transgender Health Center in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Regencia Zypher Jude , Castelo Aisia , Eustaquio Patrick , Araña Yanyan , Corciega John Oliver , Rosadiño John Danvic , Pagtakhan Ronivin , Baja Emmanuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Transgender individuals are considered as high-risk for contracting HIV infection. Integrating HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services into current transgender health programs is necessary to increase its uptake. Our study aimed to describe the characteristics of trans men (TM) and trans women (TW) who accessed HTC services in a community-based transgender health center in Metro Manila, Philippines, and to examine the relationship between gender identity and their HIV testing preferences. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of TM and TW seeking care from 2017 to 2019. Medical records of clients were reviewed to ascertain their age, gender identity, year and frequency of clinic visits, lifestyle factors, and HIV testing preferences. The effect of gender identity on HIV testing preferences was estimated using a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution, log link function, and a robust variance, adjusted for confounding variables. Results: Five hundred twenty-five clients were included in the study, of which about four out of five clients declined the HTC services being offered. In addition, the prevalence of non-uptake of HTC services was 48% higher [adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR): 1.48; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.31–1.67] among TM compared to TW. Clients who initially consulted in 2017 had a 25% higher prevalence of refusal for HTC services (aPR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08–1.43) than clients who initially consulted in 2019. Approximately 4% and 11% of the TM and TW, respectively, who accessed the HTC services were reactive and linked to antiretroviral therapy treatment. Conclusion: HTC service uptake of TM and TW is low. HIV program implementers should strategize solutions to reach this vulnerable population for increased and better HTC service uptake and linkage to care.
Investigation of The Impacts of Urban Morphology On Summer-Time Urban Heat Island Using GIS And Field Measurement
Authors: Lin Pingying , Song Dexuan , LAU Stephen Siu Yu , QIN Hao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the relationships between urban morphology and summertime urban heat island in Hong Kong. A total of 33 urban design parameters describing complex high-rise high-density urban morphology are proposed and categorized into three groups, i.e., land-use intensity, built form, and space enclosure. A process combining the python script and the geoprocessing function is proposed to quickly calculate the morphological parameters for 10 sites and 160 points. Microclimate data were collected using onsite measurement equipment. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis are conducted to quantify the impact of each parameter on urban heat island (UHI) intensities at 3 pm (UHI_3pm) and 9 pm (UHI_9pm). 16 parameters are found to be statistically correlated with UHI_3pm and 9 parameters with UHI_9pm. Results show land-use intensity parameters have the highest correlation with UHI, followed by built form parameters and then space enclosure parameters. Furthermore, it is found that site-level parameters can better explain UHI variation compared to point-level parameters. This research paves the path for quickly extracting urban morphological parameters and enhances the understanding of the impact of complex high-rise high-density urban environment on summertime UHI. The results can inform policy makers with the guidelines to create more comfortable urban environment.
Integrated Endotoxin-Adsorption and Antibacterial Properties of Platelet-Membrane-Coated Copper Silicate Hollow Microspheres for Wound Healing
Authors: Peng Zaihui , Zhang Xiaochun , Yuan Long , Chen Yajie , Li Ting , Tian Hao , Ma Dandan , Deng Jun , Qi Xiaowei , Yin Xuntao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Serious infection caused by drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and their secreted toxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharide) is a serious threat to human health. Thus, treatment strategies that efficiently kill bacteria and reducing the impact of their toxins simultaneously are urgently required. Herein, a novel antibacterial platform composed of a mesoporous copper silicate microsphere (CSO) core and a platelet membrane (PM) shell was prepared (CSO@PM). CSO@PM specifically targets bacteria owing to formyl peptide receptors on the PM and, combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), exhibits highly effective bactericidal activity. Importantly, CSO@PM can adsorb lipopolysaccharide secreted by gram-negative bacteria, resulting in inflammation reduction. Thus, CSO@PM stimulates re-epithelialization and granulation-tissue formation, promoting wound healing. Moreover, this antibacterial platform exhibits no obvious toxicity at all the test concentrations in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CSO@PM exhibits a robust antibacterial effect and a strong toxin-adsorption capacity, facilitating the clinical treatment of many bacterial infections and the development of next-generation antibacterial nanoagents.
Severe Hypoglycemia Contributing to Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice is Associated with Pericyte and Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: Lin Lu , Huang Lishan , Wang Lijing , Wu Yubin , Chen Zhou , Liu Libin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Severe hypoglycemia can cause cognitive impairment in diabetic patients, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.Objective: To assess the effect of severe hypoglycemia on cognitive function in diabetic mice to clarify the relationship between the mechanism and dysfunction of pericytes and the blood–brain barrier (BBB).Method: We established type 1 diabetes mellitus in 80 male C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (180 mg/kg). Further abdominal injection of short-acting insulin induced severe hypoglycemia. The mice were divided into normal, diabetes, and diabetic + severe hypoglycemia groups, and their blood glucose and general weight index were examined. Pericyte and BBB morphology and function were detected by histological and western blot analyses, BBB permeability was detected by Evans blue staining, and cognitive function was detected with the Morris water maze.Results: Severe hypoglycemia aggravated the histological damage, BBB damage, brain edema, and pericyte loss in the diabetic mice. It also reduced the expression of the BBB tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5, the expression of the pericyte-specific markers PDGFR-β (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β) and α-SMA, and increased the expression of the inflammatory factor MMP9. At the same time, diabetic mice with severe hypoglycemia had significantly reduced cognitive function.Conclusion: Severe hypoglycemia leads to cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice, and its possible mechanism is related to pericyte dysfunction and BBB destruction.
G-CSF: A Vehicle for Communication Between Trophoblasts and Macrophages, Which May Cause Problems in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Gao Peng , Liu Haiyi , Zha Ying , Wei Lijie , Zhou Xuan , Zhu Shenglan , Zhang Huiting , Gao Xuan , Jiang Yi , Chen Yuting , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Jingyi , Yu Jun , Wang Shaoshuai , Feng Ling 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The etiology of about half of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains unclear. Imbalance of the immune inflammatory response at the mother-foetal interface may be one of the keys to the onset of RSA. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is thought to have a protective effect on pregnancy and its absence may lead to pregnancy failure. However, the evidence of the described effects of G-CSF is scant. This study aimed at investigating whether the loss of G-CSF induced RSA by affecting cell communication at the maternal-foetal interface.Results: It was found that G-CSF was mainly expressed in villus rather than decidua and expression in RSA tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. Further, the down-regulation of G-CSF in trophoblasts resulted to a decrease in cell activity. Trophoblast-derived exosomes inhibited macrophage activation, while G-CSF free exosomes did not. Intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF improved the pregnancy outcome in RSA mice and the expression of G-CSF as well as its receptor at the mother-foetal interface were also changed.Conclusion: The expression of G-CSF was found to be decreased in villi of patients with RSA. It was evident that the absence of G-CSF weakens the immune suppression of trophoblasts against macrophages and the function of trophoblasts is also impaired. Therefore, this may be a key factor in the occurrence of RSA. Further, G-CSF decreases the rate of abortion in RSA mice and may provide some assistance in the treatment of patients with RSA.
Evaluation of the anti-atherosclerosis effect of Shanhuaxiaozhi Formulation by combination of GC–MS-based metabolomics and TMT-based proteomics technology
Authors: Ren Xing , Yang Jing , Zhu Baochen , Ren Jianxun , Shi Shuai , Yang Qiaoning , Zhang Wantong , Gao Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective

Shanhuaxiaozhi formulation (SHXZF) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation composed of Saffron, Crataegi Fructus, Chrysanthemi Flos, Tangerine Peel and Fructus Lycii. It is used in clinics for treating atherosclerosis with promising evidence of efficacy. Although some of the drugs in SHXZF have been reported to have significant therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis, the metabolic regulation and underlying mechanism of SHXZF during the remission of atherosclerosis are still unclear. This study aimed to integrate proteome and metabolome data sets for a holistic view of the molecular mechanisms of SHXZF in treating atherosclerosis.
Methods

Serum samples and aortic arch tissue from male ApoE−/− mice and C57BL/6L mice were analyzed respectively using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) based metabolomics technology and Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) based quantitative proteomics technology. Metabonomics and proteomics data were integrated to analyze the mechanism of SHXZF in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Results

A total of 24 potential biomarkers and 70 differential proteins were identified. These substances were mainly involved in three biological pathways: the cAMP signaling pathway, the lipid metabolism pathway, and the myocardial contraction pathway.
Conclusions

The results suggested that SHXZF could effectively treat atherosclerosis, partially by regulating the above three metabolic pathways. The combination of proteomics and metabolomics provided a feasible method to uncover the underlying interventional effect and therapeutic mechanism of SHXZF on atherosclerosis.