bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical characterization and mass modeling of traditionally Popped Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisbury) variety: Sabour‐1 Makhana
Authors: Gaurav Abhishek , Nath Debarshi , Barbhuiya Rahul Islam , Pradhan Rama Chandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorrelation between physical properties of Popped Makhana (variety: Sabour‐1 Makhana) such as tri‐axial dimensions, spatial diameters, projected areas, volumes and mass may aid in predicting pops quality besides fabrication of post‐harvest machinery. Hence, the present work aims to predict the mass of Makhana pops as a function of its physical attributes using nonlinear mathematical models. Depending upon high variation in mass data (0.19–0.46 g), pops were categorized into small, medium and large groups presented with suitable mass models. The medium mass group (MMG) was found dominating since 70% of the overall selected samples belonged to this group approaching ellipsoid. Quadratic model was recommended to predict mass for MMG based on tri‐axial dimension thickness (T), R2 = 0.806; spatial diameter (Dg), R2 = 0.898; projected area (PT2), R2 = 0.873; and ellipsoidal volume (Vellip), R2 = 0.895, respectively. Further investigation comprised of various physical, aerodynamic, gravimetric, frictional, color, and mechanical properties. The mean surface area, true volume, and bulk porosity of pops were 881.37 mm2, 2,446.96 mm3, and 25.49%, respectively. The sphericity, aspect ratio, elongation, and flakiness ratio were determined as 0.85, 0.90, 1.12, and 0.79, respectively. Terminal velocity for pops and its associated drag force were obtained as 6.82 ms−1 and 3.12 × 10−5 N, respectively. Galvanized aluminium sheet offered both lower angle of inclination and coefficient of static friction (11.53°, 0.20). L* (64.39) and whiteness index (59.95) values indicated “opaque white” tone. For lower measure of cohesiveness (0.38) and resilience (0.14), higher gumminess (21.80) was obtained along with bowl‐life texture.Practical ApplicationsPopped Makhana is a light, voluminous, traditionally expanded pseudocereal consumed as breakfast cereal or roasted snack. It involves labor intensive manual grading, bag filling, weighing, packaging in various sizes, etc., resisting its consumer acceptability, export promotion and domestic consumption as well. Appropriate grading could be efficiently achieved by mass modeling tool, establishing the relation between physical quantities and mass. Mass based grading is economically superior than size grading, slashing grading time, packaging and material handling costs. Mass based mathematical modeling optimizes packaging formations and reduces volume for low transportation cost to distance places for product development. The assessment of projected area for mass prognosis outlines usage of single camera as the vital part of grading system, ensuring economic feasibility. Thus, research was inducted to investigate mass modeling of Popped Makhana based on the selected engineering attributes to develop an automatic grading system based on combined approach of mass and size.
Treating melasma with the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with a 650‐microsecond pulse duration: A clinical evaluation
Authors: Greywal Tanya , Ortiz Arisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effective treatment of melasma remains a challenge that necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes strict sun protection, bleaching creams, chemical peels, and laser therapy. The 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with a 650‐microsecond pulse duration provides a safe option for all skin types.MethodsWe treated 10 patients with the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with a 650‐microsecond pulse duration. Treatments were performed every 2–4 weeks.ResultsUsing a conservative treatment protocol, lightening of melasma occurred as early as 3 weeks post‐treatment, with all subjects requiring several treatment sessions to achieve adequate resolution of their melasma. The majority of subjects experienced up to 25% improvement after two treatments, and an even more noticeable improvement after the 3rd treatment session. None reported any associated pain or discomfort.ConclusionsAdvantages of this laser modality include essentially no pain or downtime, lower risk of rebound, and the ability to safely treat all skin types with melasma. Therefore, the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with a 650‐microsecond pulse duration serves as a treatment option for melasma.
Self‐care behaviours and related cultural factors among Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease in western countries: an integrative review
Authors: Zeng Ling , Perry Lin , Xu Xiaoyue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis review aimed to demonstrate the self‐care behaviours of first‐generation Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease in western countries and identify related cultural factors.BackgroundSelf‐care is the cornerstone to mitigate disease symptoms and maintain health status. Chinese immigrants to western countries, operating within a cross‐cultural context, may find self‐care to manage their cardiovascular disease challenging.DesignAn integrative review was conducted.MethodsSeven databases were searched Scopus, ProQuest Health & Medicine, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), PsycINFO and CINAHL, with output limited to peer‐reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2020 in English or Chinese. Initially, 2037 papers were screened. Six papers were retained and critiqued using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Deductive and inductive approaches were utilised to analyse the findings. The PRISMA 2020 checklist informed review reportage.ResultIn general, Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease took an active role in management of their cardiovascular disease, including through diet and activity adaptation and adherence to western medication. Families also played a significant role in disease decision‐making and management. However, language and cultural barriers impeded their access to health information and resources in host countries.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding self‐care behaviours and associated cultural factors among Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease is important to improve nurses’ culturally sensitive practices and provide tailored health education interventions to promote self‐care behaviours among immigrant populations. The scarcity of literature on self‐care behaviours among Chinese first‐generation immigrants with cardiovascular disease indicates the need for further research in this area. Development of culturally and linguistically sensitive health resources and education programs is urgently needed.
Participation in a time of climate crisis
Authors: ARMENI CHIARA , LEE MARIA 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe climate crisis puts real pressure on legal guarantees of public participation in decision making. This pressure comes from a number of directions, but we are particularly concerned with the technocratic erosion of routines of participation, in a turn to expertise rather than democracy for legitimate decision making. At the same time, populists resist the constraints imposed on their power by legal rights of participation. We argue, however, that the climate crisis, while putting pressure on participation, also reinforces its necessity, and the limitations of technocratic decision making. Politics is unavoidable, even and especially in a crisis. Law, or its silence, contributes to the context, the place, and the meaning of participation, and we study its strangely underexplored role in shaping participation on the ground.
Anterior decompression of persistent vertebral artery occlusion caused by the cervical facet joint originated osteophyte
Authors: Ren Yilong , Chen Huairui , Zhang Chi , Xie Ning 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPersistent vertebral artery occlusion caused by compression of cervical facet joint originated osteophyte is exceptional rare. The authors sought to achieve adequate decompression of the vertebral artery (VA) with less stability decrease and movement restriction via the anterior approach, and to the authors' knowledge, no case of anterior decompression of this condition has been reported, and combination of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in the setting of VA decompression is also rare.Case presentationA 77‐year‐old man presented continuous vertigo, unsteady gait and dysphagia with no relationship to the head movement. Preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) and digital substraction angiography (DSA) examination revealed the left vertebral artery was severely compressed at C4‐5 level with approximately 95% occlusion due to a left C4‐5 facet joint originated large osteophyte. Successful anterior decompression was performed without fusion and intraoperative ICG fluorescence angiography proved excellent blood flow. After surgery, vertebrobasilar insufficiency symptoms remarkably improved with no neurological deficits and no recurrence at 12 months' follow‐up.ConclusionsThe authors' therapeutic strategy of anterior decompression was successful in treating VA compression due to facet joint overgrowth with adequate exposure, no stability decrease and movement restriction, and lower rates of neck pain and blood loss.
Role of aripiprazole in the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: a narrative review
Authors: Álvarez‐Fernández Baldomero , Bernal‐López M. Rosa , Gómez‐Huelgas Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia affect in a great way quality of life of both patients and their caregivers, which increases the risk of patient institutionalisation when such symptoms are poorly controlled. One of the drugs that are used for controlling behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is aripiprazole. This narrative review aims to solve three basic questions. Is aripiprazole useful for the management of these symptoms? Does aripiprazole play a substantial role regarding safety and efficacy, compared with the other pharmacological options available for the same purpose? Has aripiprazole gained importance in treatment regimens of these symptoms, in current clinical practice? We conclude that aripiprazole is effective to manage BPSD. Moreover, it has shown a good safety profile compared with other antipsychotics in advanced disease and frail patients. Thus, aripiprazole has gained importance in current management algorithms for dementia patients mainly due to its efficacy regarding rapid control of agitation and aggressiveness.
Exposure to intimate partner aggression during childhood is associated with blunted skin conductance recovery following stress in early adulthood
Authors: Rawn Kyle P. , Keller Peggy S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines skin conductance level (SCL) trajectories and childhood exposure to intimate partner aggression (IPA) committed between parents in a sample of college students. Although IPA among parents does not directly involve children, children frequently see or are exposed to IPA first‐hand when it occurs. This exposure to IPA increases risks for psychopathology and emotional or behavioral difficulties for children or adolescents later in life. However, research has not yet examined the stress response patterns of individuals exposed to IPA, nor how reactivity to stress may be altered based on this exposure. Participants included 161 college students who completed questionnaires assessing demographics, mental health, and exposure to IPA, and also reported on family functioning and parental drinking habits. Additionally, participants completed a three‐minute mirror tracing task followed by a three‐minute recovery period while SCL was monitored. Multilevel modeling was used to assess whether frequency or level of exposure to IPA was related to trajectories of SCL. Neither variable was related to SCL trajectories during the mirror‐tracing task. However, both frequency and level of exposure were related to SCL trajectories during the recovery period, such that for participants reporting higher levels of either IPA exposure variable, SCL trajectories during recovery declined less rapidly and did not decline to as low of a level compared to participants reporting lower levels of IPA exposure. This blunted SCL recovery may be due to wear and tear from repeated innervation, or a calibrating of the SCL response to adapt to a volatile home environment.
Adolescents’ perioperative experiences in relation to inpatient and outpatient elective surgery – a qualitative study
Authors: Pestana‐Santos Marcia , Pestana‐Santos Adriana , Santos Margarida Reis , Lomba Lurdes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative experience can be very distressing in adolescence if not managed properly by healthcare professionals. In the clinical context, the emotional expression of the adolescent is less spontaneous, which makes the assessment of anxiety, pain or even the desire to be involved in the perioperative process, difficult. Listening to their perioperative experiences will permit an understanding of their difficulties and expectations, regardless of the surgical intervention undergone.AimTo explore the adolescents’ perioperative experiences in relation to inpatient and outpatient elective surgery.MethodsQualitative exploratory study, with thematic analysis approach. A purposive sample of 40 adolescents aged 14–18 years and in the perioperative period, from two paediatric surgery settings in a university hospital, was questioned from January to July 2020. Data were collected using a semi‐structured interview and analysed inductively with qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsThe data yielded one major theme, five themes, and 14 sub‐themes. The major theme, Adolescent in perioperative period, included the five themes: (1) emotional and psychological aspects; (2) physical aspects; (3) social aspects; (4) organizational aspects; (5) previous surgical experience. Adolescents expressed fear of the unknown, anxiety, difficulty in pain control, and feelings of autonomy loss. Issues related to withdrawal from school and friends is also a focus of adolescent concern during the perioperative period. Despite showing satisfaction with the way they were cared for, they complained about the lack of pre‐ and post‐operative preparation.ConclusionThere are aspects that should be considered when caring for adolescents in perioperative period. As far as possible, programmes to prevent adolescents’ anxiety in perioperative period should be designed in a holistic perspective, with aim at the psychological, physical, sociocultural, and organisational aspects.
An Assessment of Third‐Party Reporting of Close Ties to Measure Sensitive Behaviors: The Confidante Method to Measure Abortion Incidence in Ethiopia and Uganda
Authors: Giorgio Margaret , Sully Elizabeth , Chiu Doris W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndirect estimation techniques are important tools for measuring sensitive and stigmatized behaviors. This includes third‐party reporting methods, which have become increasingly common in the field of abortion measurement, where direct survey approaches notoriously lead to underreporting. This paper provides the first in‐depth assessment of one of the most widely used of these techniques in the field of abortion measurement: the confidante method. We outline six key assumptions behind the confidante method and describe how violations of these assumptions can bias resulting estimates. Using data from modules added to the performance monitoring for action surveys in Uganda and Ethiopia in 2018, we compute one‐year abortion incidence estimates using the confidante method. We also perform a validation check, using the method to estimate intrauterine device /implant use. Our results revealed implementation problems in both settings. Several of the method's foundational assumptions were violated, and efforts to adjust for these violations either failed or only partially addressed the resulting bias. Our validation check also failed, resulting in a gross overestimate of intrauterine device/implant use. These results have implications more broadly for the potential biases that can be introduced in using third‐party reporting of close ties to measure other sensitive or stigmatized behaviors.
“Easy” and “hard” issues: Attitude extremity and a role of the need to evaluate
Authors: Lee Heysung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis article addresses the topic of issue polarization among the mass public, focusing on the classic typology of “easy” and “hard” issues (Carmines and Stimson, 1980) and the influence of the individual‐level motivational variable, which is the need to evaluate.ObjectiveCarmines and Stimson (1980) suggest that issues are characterized by their “hardness,” the degree of how much issues are easy to understand and make political evaluations. This article contends that the NTE would positively relate to attitude extremity of “hard” issues, which require extensive motivations for political judgment but would not necessarily be associated with attitude extremity of “easy” issues, which do not require such motivations.MethodsIn the analyses, four “easy” issues (abortion, same‐sex marriage, affirmative action, and gun control) and four “hard” issues (immigration, tax, health care, and climate change) were selected to compare the effects of the NTE on attitude extremity, based on previous literature. The data of 2016 American National Election Survey was used to test the hypotheses.ResultsThe analyses using the data of the 2016 American National Election Survey supported the hypotheses by showing that the need to evaluate was related to increased attitude extremity on all “hard” issues, whereas need to evaluate was not associated with extremity on “easy” issues except the issue of affirmative action.ConclusionNeed to evaluate is related to attitude extremity on “easy” and “hard” issues.
Has Williamson's Claim that Knowledge Is the most General Factive Mental State Been Disproved?
Authors: Ask Zaar Balder Edmund 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I evaluate some recent attacks on Williamson's claim that knowledge is the most general factive stative propositional attitude. Two types of approaches are discussed: The first approach attempts to show that there are factive mental states denoted by factive mental state operators that are not cases of knowing. The second approach aims to show that there are factive mental states that to Williamson count as cases of knowing, but nonetheless fail to entail a corresponding belief. If either of these approaches were successful, it would potentially be damaging for Williamson's theory of knowledge. I argue that recent arguments that exemplify these approaches are unconvincing.
Recovery of platelet‐rich red blood cells and acquisition of convalescent plasma with a novel gravity‐driven blood separation device
Authors: Osemwengie Dion , Lagerberg Johan W. , Vlaar Richard , Gouwerok Erik , Go Mya , Nierich Arno P. , de Korte Dirk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesOur objectives were to determine the separation characteristics and blood product quality of a gravity‐driven microfiltration blood separation system (HemoClear, The Netherlands).BackgroundA range of centrifugal blood separation devices, including intraoperative cell salvage devices (cell savers) and apheresis machines, are available to assist in preparing both allogenic and autologous blood products. These devices are expensive to operate and require extensive training.Methods and MaterialsNine whole blood units were collected under standard conditions and analysed for haematological parameters, thromboelastographic properties, platelet morphology and activation, and red blood cell (RBC) deformability and morphology. Three whole blood units were separated by means of the HemoClear device, into a liquid and cellular component. The cellular component was diluted with SAGM and cold stored for 14 days. To simulate cell salvage six whole blood units were diluted with isotonic saline, followed by multiple HemoClear separation rounds.ResultsThe recovery of both RBCs (100 ± 1.6%) and white blood cells (99 ± 4.5%) after undiluted filtration were very high, while platelet recovery was high (83 ± 3.0%). During the filtration, and cold storage after filtration storage both the non‐deformable RBC fraction and the RBC maximum elongation remained stable. Parameters of thromboelastography indicated that platelets remain functional after filtration and after 7 days of cold storage. In the cell salvage simulation the total protein load in the cellular fraction was reduced by 65 ± 4.1% after one washing round and 84 ± 1.9% after two consecutive washing rounds.ConclusionThe novel blood filter studied effectively separates whole blood into diluted plasma and platelet‐rich RBCs. Moreover, the device effectively washed diluted whole blood, driving over 80% of proteins to the liquid component.
Development of a preoperative risk score predicting allogeneic red blood cell transfusion in children undergoing spinal fusion
Authors: Eisler Lisa , Chihuri Stanford , Lenke Lawrence G. , Sun Lena S. , Faraoni David , Li Guohua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren undergoing spinal fusion often receive blood products. The goal of this study was to develop a preoperative score to help physicians identify those who are at risk of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion.Study design and methodsThis retrospective study of children undergoing spinal fusion in the ACS‐NSQIP Pediatric database (2016–2019) aimed at identifying risk factors associated with allogeneic RBC transfusion. Univariable logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression were performed using preoperative patient characteristics and aided in the creation of a simplified scoring system.ResultsOut of 13,929 total patients, 2990 (21.5%) were transfused. We created a risk score based on 10 independent predictors of transfusion: age, sex, race, weight < 3rd percentile, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, cardiac risk factors, hematologic disease, preoperative anemia, deformity type, and number of spinal levels to be fused. Patients in both the training and testing cohorts were assigned a score ranging from 0 (lowest risk) to 21 (highest risk). The developed transfusion risk score showed 77% accuracy in distinguishing patients who did not receive a transfusion during or soon after surgery (AUROC 0.7736 [95% CI, 0.7619–0.7852]) in the training cohort and 77% accuracy (AUROC 0.7732 [95% CI, 0.7554–0.7910]) in the testing cohort.DiscussionOur score, based on routinely available preoperative data, accurately estimates the risk of allogeneic RBC transfusion in pediatric patients undergoing spinal fusion. Future studies will inform whether patient blood management interventions targeted to high‐risk patients can help reduce the need for transfusion and improve outcomes.