bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process safety manuscript archives available to the practitioner
Authors: Freeman Raymond “Randy” , Willey Ronald J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince 1967, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has sponsored a series of safety symposia. The goal of these symposia is to reduce the frequency and severity of accidents in the Chemical Process Industries (CPI). The Safety and Health Division of AIChE was established to serve as a central hub for the collection and dissemination of this process of safety information. Over the years, this dissemination expanded to several process safety symposia tracks at the Global Congress on Process Safety. Three symposia manuscripts have been assembled and archived into a database accessible on the Internet through the AIChE Academy.
Loss prevention symposium (LPS)
Process plant safety symposium (PPSS)
Center for chemical process safety (CCPS) symposium
The technical papers presented at these symposia cover a wide range of topics such as fire protection, risk reduction, explosion analysis, plant maintenance practices, process safety management, and many other topics. A total of 2524 papers were scanned and organized into a form which can be used to search for information on process safety topics. A spreadsheet of the contents of the archives was created. This paper describes the organization of the process safety archives and presents an example of how the archives can be used to find information.
The local wavelet‐based organization index – Quantification, localization and classification of convective organization from radar and satellite data
Authors: Brune Sebastian , Buschow Sebastian , Friederichs Petra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a revised local wavelet‐based organization index (LW), which is applied to both synthetic fields and meteorological fields of precipitation and brightness temperature for different types of convective organization. The LW consists of three components that describe the scale (LWsc), quantify the intensity (LWin), and analyze the anisotropy (LWai) of the convection. It is based solely on 2D wavelet decomposition and does not require a clustering algorithm or thresholding. The great advantages of LW are that it localizes the organization in space, is a universally applicable measure of organization and can be calculated with little effort. A comparison with other organizational metrics shows that LW better describes the structure and organization of convection. We analyze the LW components in the vicinity of severe weather reports related to single‐cell storms, supercells or multi‐cell storms. Composites thereof reveal that large hail and heavy precipitation are particularly local events that lead to small‐scale and very intense precipitation. Especially in the case of hail, LWai shows the structure of a hook echo, which is expected, since hail events are usually associated with supercells. In relation to wind gusts, precipitation is rather large‐scale and linearly oriented, since strong wind gusts are often a consequence of linearly organized systems such as squall lines or derechos. The brightness temperature analysis provides similar results to those of the rain rates. Structures like the typical radar hook echo are not visible in the satellite data, but overshooting tops caused by strong updraughts are recognized as small‐scale, intense regions. The three LW components are used to classify showers, thunderstorms and precipitation/hail events with the help of a neural network, where showers are mainly classified by their scale characteristics, and precipitation/hail events by their pronounced intensity.
Stretched exponential decay for subcritical parking times on
Authors: Damron Michael , Lyu Hanbaek , Sivakoff David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAt each vertex of , place a car with probability p or vacant parking spot with probability 1 − p. Cars perform independent random walks and park at vacant spots, rendering them passable. There is a transition at p = 1/2: the origin is a.s. visited by finitely many distinct cars when p < 1/2, and by infinitely many when p ≥ 1/2. Furthermore, a.s. all cars park if p ≤ 1/2 and some never park for p > 1/2. For small p, we prove that the parking time of the car initially at the origin satisfies . For d = 1, these inequalities hold for p < 1/2. In contrast, when p > 1/2 and d = 1, methods of Bramson–Lebowitz imply that the tail of the parking time of the spot of the origin decays like . Our exponent d/(d + 2) also differs from those previously obtained in the case of moving obstacles.
Copper Supported onto Magnetic Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Triazolobenzodiazepino[7,1‐b]quinazolin‐11(9H)‐ones via Click N‐Arylation Reactions
Authors: Sadegh Asgari Mohammad , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel catalyst is designed and synthesized based on immobilization of copper onto modified magnetic nanoparticles. The catalyst was characterized by several characterization techniques. The catalyst was applied for the synthesis of a novel series of heterocyclic scaffold containing a 1,4‐benzodiazepine fused with a 1,2,3‐triazole ring and a quinazolin‐11(9H)‐one skeleton. The method is based on the direct synthesis of quinazolin‐11(9H)‐one ring by the reaction of isatoic anhydride (or anthranilic acid) and propargylamine, and an aldehyde, containing a leaving group on its aromatic ring. The reaction contains an in situ sequential click reaction of azide group with terminal alkyne and subsequent N‐arylation reaction to afford the final products. The method benefits various advantages, such as regioselectivity and high yield of the products. The reusability of the catalyst was evaluated and the results showed that the catalyst is highly reusable in 10 sequential reactions.
A Water‐Rich Cobalt(II) Compound: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal, Crystal Structure Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: D'souza Luann R. , Gaonkar Sanket K. , Harmalkar Sarvesh S. , Asogekar Pratik A. , Furtado Irene , Dhuri Sunder N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA water‐rich mononuclear Co(II) compound, tris‐(1,10‐phenanthroline) cobalt(II) 1,4‐phenylenediacrylate tetradecahydrate, [Co(phen)3](ppda) ⋅ 14H2O (1) (where phen is 1,10‐phenanthroline; ppda is p‐phenylenediacrylate) was prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, Raman, UV‐Vis, fluorescence spectra, magnetic studies, cyclic voltammetry, single crystal X‐ray diffractometry and TG‐DTA. The Co(II) ion in 1 is high spin (S=3/2) with μB= ∼3.98 B.M. and exhibits a reversible one electron CoII/CoIII redox behavior. 1 crystallizes in a monoclinic centrosymmetric C2/c space group with unit cell parameters; a=23.1019(13), b=12.1077(5) and c=19.7428(1) Å; β=111.410(2)°. The Co(II) ion is coordinated to three phen ligands to form [Co(phen)3]2+ cation. The (ppda)2− dianion and fourteen water molecules form a heterocyclic water cluster through O−H⋅⋅⋅O (ppda)2− and O−H⋅⋅⋅O (H2O) interactions while phen ligands on adjacent cations are stacked via π‐π interactions. On heating compound 1 loses its fourteen water molecules upto 132 °C. 1 is a potent inhibitor for Gram Negative E. coli as compared to Gram Positive S. aureus.
Synthesis, Experimental and DFT Studies of Some Benzotriazole Derivatives as Brass C68700 Corrosion Inhibitors in NaCl 3 %
Authors: Souad Bouasla , Chafia Sobhi , Hamza Allal , Wahiba Mecibah , Issam Bougdah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCorrosion inhibition potential of three synthesized benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives namely, 1‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)‐1H‐benzotriazole (Inh 1), 2‐[2‐(1H‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl)ethyl]‐1H‐isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione (Inh 2) and 1‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole (Inh 3), on brass C68700 in NaCl 3 % was evaluated using potentiodynamic method. The results show that the examined molecules are good inhibitors for brass and behave as mixed type inhibitors. Inhibition efficiency (IE %) increases with the inhibitors concentration to reach 80.89 %, 83.70 % and 92.13 % at 15 ppm for Inh 1, Inh 2 and Inh 3 respectively. Additionally, the calculated DFT descriptors are in good agreement with the experimental inhibition efficiencies.
Friction and Wear Behavior of Copper‐graphite Composites with Different Compositions in Water Environments
Authors: Wie Hongming , Zou Jianpeng , Li Xiaoya , Xiao Cong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCopper‐graphite composites with different copper content are prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 900 °C using copper‐coated graphite powder and ordinary graphite powder as raw materials. Two groups of specimens are used for friction testing, including the original specimens and K2Cr2O7‐H2SO4‐etched specimens. The density, microstructure, Shore hardness, resistivity and friction and wear properties of the samples were investigated using the Archimedes drainage method, scanning electron microscopy, a hardness tester, a resistance tester, and a friction tester. The results showed that the relative density of the samples with different compositions reached about 90 %, and with an increase of copper content, the density and the relative density of the copper/graphite composites increased. As the copper content increased from 10 wt % to 50 wt %, the Shore hardness of the composites increased from 37 HSD to 59 HSD. Under dry‐friction conditions, with an increase of Cu wt %, the friction coefficients and wear rates of the original specimens showed a downward trend, while those of the chemically etched specimens first increased and then decreased. Under water‐friction conditions, both the original samples and chemically etched samples show very low friction coefficients, about 0.15 and 0.12, respectively, which are far lower than the friction coefficients (∼0.20) obtained under dry‐friction conditions. The wear rates of the original specimens decreased with an increase of copper content, while those of the chemically etched specimens increased first and then decrease. The electrical conductivities of the copper/graphite composites were slightly reduced by chemical etching, but the resistivity of the copper/graphite composites remained at a low level of 10−7 Ω⋅m for a copper content of 40–50 wt %.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Light‐Harvesting Gold Nanoclusters Fully Functionalized with Antenna Chromophores
Authors: Pyo Kyunglim , Xu Hongmei , Han Sang Myeong , Saxena Shivi , Yoon Sook Young , Wiederrecht Gary , Ramakrishna Guda , Lee Dongil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of efficient light‐harvesting systems is important to understand the key aspects of solar‐energy conversion processes and to utilize them in various photonic applications. Here, atomically well‐defined gold nanoclusters are reported as a new platform to fabricate artificial light‐harvesting systems. An efficient amide coupling method is developed to synthesize water‐soluble Au22 clusters fully protected with pyrene chromophores by taking advantage of their facile phase‐transfer reaction. The synthesized Au22 clusters with densely packed 18 pyrene chromophores (Au22–PyB18) exhibit triple‐emission in blue, green, and red wavelength regions arising respectively from pyrene monomer, pyrene excimer, and Au22 emission, producing bright white light emission together. The photoluminescence of Au22 is enhanced by more than tenfold, demonstrating that pyrenes at the periphery efficiently channel the absorbed energy to the luminescent Au22 at the center. A combination of femtosecond transient absorption and anisotropy measurements of Au22–PyB18 explicitly reveals three main decay components of 220 fs, 3.5 ps, and 160 ps that can be assigned to energy migration between pyrenes and energy transfer processes from pyrene monomer and excimer to the central Au22, respectively.
Non‐Animal Strategies for Toxicity Assessment of Nanoscale Materials: Role of Adverse Outcome Pathways in the Selection of Endpoints
Authors: Halappanavar Sabina , Nymark Penny , Krug Harald F. , Clift Martin J. D. , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara , Vogel Ulla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFaster, cheaper, sensitive, and mechanisms‐based animal alternatives are needed to address the safety assessment needs of the growing number of nanomaterials (NM) and their sophisticated property variants. Specifically, strategies that help identify and prioritize alternative schemes involving individual test models, toxicity endpoints, and assays for the assessment of adverse outcomes, as well as strategies that enable validation and refinement of these schemes for the regulatory acceptance are needed. In this review, two strategies 1) the current nanotoxicology literature review and 2) the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) framework, a systematic process that allows the assembly of available mechanistic information concerning a toxicological response in a simple modular format, are presented. The review highlights 1) the most frequently assessed and reported ad hoc in vivo and in vitro toxicity measurements in the literature, 2) various AOPs of relevance to inhalation toxicity of NM that are presently under development, and 3) their applicability in identifying key events of toxicity for targeted in vitro assay development. Finally, using an existing AOP for lung fibrosis, the specific combinations of cell types, exposure and test systems, and assays that are experimentally supported and thus, can be used for assessing NM‐induced lung fibrosis, are proposed.
Effectiveness of extended curing for fly ash concrete against corrosion propagation under severe chloride exposure
Authors: Zafar Idrees , Alqahtani Fahad K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of extended curing on the corrosion resistance with regard to predefined corrosion degree for reinforced concrete specimens with different fly ash replacement ratios was tested. The specimens were subjected to saline solution to initiate and propagate the corrosion of reinforcement. Corrosion process for fly ash concrete with regard to electrochemical and other corrosion parameters was discussed. It was observed that extended curing for fly ash concrete effectively postponed the corrosion initiation and propagation period as equated to ordinary Portland concrete nevertheless had intensified the likelihood of pitting corrosion.
Wind site turbulence de‐trending using statistical moments: Evaluating existing methods and introducing a Gaussian process regression approach
Authors: Hart Edward , Guy Callum , Tough Fraser , Infield David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of retrospectively de‐trending wind site data when only statistical moments, in the form of 10‐min means and standard deviations in wind speed, are available. Low‐frequency trends present in wind speed data are known to bias fatigue damage estimates, and, hence, removal of their influence is important for accurate fatigue life estimation. When raw data is available, this procedure is straightforward; however, for many sites, significant quantities of data are available, which contain only statistical moments. Additional value is therefore unlocked if de‐trending can also take place in this context. Existing methods, Models 1 and 2, are introduced, and their performance and viability appraised, respectively. A Gaussian process (GP) regression implementation is also developed, which seeks to incorporate characteristics of real trends extracted from raw data into the fitting procedure via an appropriately chosen lengthscale hyperparameter. Results indicate that Model 2, the recommended method in previous work, suffers from fundamental issues, with the implication that it should no longer be used. Model 1 and GP results are shown to be very similar at the turbulence distribution level. This finding is interpreted as a validation of Model 1 and an indication that it may already be performing as well as can be hoped for, given the information available in the current problem formulation. Theoretical overheads associated with GPs, in addition to the performance similarities mentioned above, lead to Model 1 being recommended as the best approach to moment‐based turbulence de‐trending at this time.
Three‐dimensional Hiemenz stagnation‐point flows
Authors: Weidman Patrick D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA modification of Hiemenz's two‐dimensional outer potential stagnation‐point flow of strain rate a is obtained by adding periodic radial and azimuthal velocities of the form and , respectively, where b is a shear rate. This leads to the discovery of a new family of three‐dimensional viscous stagnation‐point flows depending on the shear‐to‐strain‐rate ratio that exist over the range with reflectional symmetry about . Numerical solutions for the wall shear stress parameters and the displacement thicknesses are given and compared with their large‐γ asymptotic behaviors. Sample similarity velocity profiles are also presented. It is noted that the results presented here are in many ways similar to the results reported for non‐axisymmetric Homann stagnation‐point flow.
Institutional Methods for the Identification of Urban and Rural Areas—A Review for Italy
Authors: Cattivelli Valentina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent economic, demographic, and spatial changes have profoundly modified urban and rural areas and generated new territories, characterized by varying degrees of urbanity. The classification methods traditionally used to identify them are based on the distinction between urban and non-urban areas and are no longer functional to describe the territorial outcomes of these transformations. New methods have therefore been formulated and implemented in recent years to replace them. EUROSTAT has developed and updated periodically its own methods, intended to methodologically support scholars to read territorial diversities and transformations. Being the basis for the production of official statistics and data comparison between regions, these methods have fully replaced all the other methods that singular statistical offices of European countries had previously developed. Several government institutions began adopting specific territorial classifications in their strategic planning documents. These methods differed from those implemented by statistical offices, providing a more accurate and detailed framework for national and regional policies. This also happened in Italy, with ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica—National Statistical Office) and many governmental institutions (e.g., National Government Institutions, Department for Economic Development and Cohesion, Ministry for Agricultural Policies, National Rural Network), experimenting with their own urban–rural classification methods to map all or part of the Italian territory. This paper offers an overview of the methods formulated and implemented in Italy over the last 15 years by ISTAT and governmental institutions. During this time, these institutions have developed six different methods to define urban and rural territories and to delimit territories with several degrees of urbanization, such as peri-urban areas. Specifically, ISTAT uses the EUROSTAT method to produce international and national statistics. Governmental institutions adopt methods based on economic and demographic data, which identify various territorial categories in addition to urban/rural ones, in their strategic planning documents. These findings result from desk research based on an analysis of official documents and scientific papers.
Coping in Familien mit psychisch erkrankten Mitgliedern
Authors: Reis Olaf , Steigmiller Lukas , Spitzer Carsten , Kölch Michael , Knabe Andre 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Belastungen und Bewältigungen während des Lockdowns in Familien mit psychisch erkrankten Mitgliedern wurden bisher noch nicht beschrieben.

Ziel der Arbeit
Erste Erkenntnisse hierzu sollen gewonnen werden, um Fragestellungen für weitere Forschungen abzuleiten.

Material und Methoden
Narrative Interviews an einer anfallenden Stichprobe von gesunden Familien (n = 4), Familien mit psychisch erkrankten Kindern (n = 12) und Familien mit psychisch erkrankten Eltern (n = 3). Die quantifizierende Auswertung der von 2 Rater*innen vergebenen In-vivo-Codes in den Kategorien „Probleme“ und „Bewältigung“ erfolgt mithilfe von numerischen Verhältnissen und Detailanalysen der Codes, die zwischen den Familien unterscheiden.

Ergebnisse
Der Lockdown brachte eine große Zahl von Problemen in allen Familien mit sich. Während bei Familien mit kranken Kindern die Einschränkungen das größte Problem sind, berichten Familien mit kranken Eltern v. a. über einen Mangel an Unterstützung. Familien mit erkrankten Mitgliedern berichten häufiger über riskante Bewältigungsmuster, insbesondere Rumination und Schuldabwehr und seltener über protektive Bewältigung, insbesondere die Mobilisierung sozialer Unterstützung.

Schlussfolgerung
Beide Risikogruppen bedürfen gezielter Interventionen, die sich insbesondere auf adaptives Elternverhalten und Mobilisierungsstrategien richten sollten.
Private versus public companies with strategic CSR
Authors: Gioffré Alessandro , Tampieri Alessandro , Villanacci Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe analyze the effects of strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on social welfare in an industry where firms are owned by consumers (publicly owned) and CSR commitment takes the form of a fraction of the consumer surplus into the firms’ objective function. We compare this market configuration with the standard case of firms owned by entrepreneurs (privately owned). In line with the empirical evidence, consumers’ ownership gives an incentive to adopt a socially responsible, welfare improving statute. While privately-owned companies are limited in the level of social concern to implement, publicly-owned companies are not, and CSR is welfare-improving for any level of social concern. Surprisingly, a market configuration of publicly-owned CSR companies decreases welfare compared to an oligopoly of privately-owned CSR companies. The analysis is then extended by considering asymmetric oligopolies with different company types.
Test model coverage analysis under uncertainty: extended version
Authors: Prasetya I. S. W. B. , Klomp Rick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn model-based testing, we may have to deal with a non-deterministic model, e.g. because abstraction was applied, or because the software under test itself is non-deterministic. The same test case may then trigger multiple possible execution paths, depending on some internal decisions made by the software. Consequently, performing precise test analyses, e.g. to calculate the test coverage, are not possible.. This can be mitigated if developers can annotate the model with estimated probabilities for taking each transition. A probabilistic model checking algorithm can subsequently be used to do simple probabilistic coverage analysis. However, in practice developers often want to know what the achieved aggregate coverage is, which unfortunately cannot be re-expressed as a standard model checking problem. This paper presents an extension to allow efficient calculation of probabilistic aggregate coverage, and also of probabilistic aggregate coverage in combination withk-wise coverage.