bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk acceleration by gout on major adverse cardiovascular events and all‐cause death in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lee Da Young , Moon Jun Sung , Jung Inha , Chung Seung Min , Park So Young , Yu Ji Hee , Seo Ji A , Han Kyung‐do , Kim Nan Hee 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsWe aimed to examine the impact of gout on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and explore whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) modifies this association.Materials and MethodsUsing the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 757 378 individuals with type 2 diabetes were classified into the CKD−Gout−, CKD−Gout+, CKD+Gout−, and CKD+Gout+ groups. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and mortality, after adjusting for cardiometabolic factors.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 9.3 years, 25 618, 38 691, and 78 628 individuals experienced MI, stroke, and mortality, respectively. The risk of MI or stroke progressively increased across the groups, with the highest adjusted hazard ratio (HR) in the CKD+Gout+ group (HR: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–1.69), followed by the CKD+Gout− group (HR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.20–1.26). The CKD+Gout+ group showed the greatest risks for MI (HR: 1.71), stroke (HR: 1.46), and mortality (HR: 1.78). Individuals with gout alone did not exhibit a significant increase in risk compared with those without gout or CKD. Interaction analyses indicated that the effect of gout on the outcomes was more pronounced in patients with CKD. Subgroup analyses yielded consistent findings across diverse demographic and clinical characteristics.ConclusionsCKD with or without gout increased the risk of CVD and mortality, with the highest risk observed in the CKD+Gout+ group. The interaction between CKD and gout significantly influenced these outcomes.
Local and landscape effects on the reproduction of wild bees and wasps in Mediterranean communities along a gradient of land‐use
Authors: Marrero Hugo J. , Gómez‐Martínez Carmelo , Allasino Mariana L. , Haedo Joana P. , González‐Estévez Miguel A. , Lázaro Amparo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The transformation of natural landscapes for agricultural purposes may severely affect wild bee and wasp reproduction.
In this study, we located trap‐nests on 18 natural Mediterranean communities within agricultural areas to study the effects of landscape (% natural areas and heterogeneity) and local flowering communities (flower abundance and richness) on the total abundance and richness of solitary bees and wasps that nest within cavities. We also estimated several reproductive variables (number of nests, number of cells per nest, sex ratio, parasitoidism and survival) of the two most common species in the study system: the bee Osmia caerulescens and the wasp Ancistrocerus longispinosus.
We found that total bee abundance increased with flower richness and landscape heterogeneity, while it decreased with flower abundance. Furthermore, our results indicated local and landscape effects on the focal species reproductive success, being stronger those at the local than at the landscape scale overall. Floral richness and abundance influenced the number of cells per nest. However, while the effect of flower abundance was positive in both cases, the effect of flower richness differed, being positive for O. caerulescens and negative for A. longispinosus. The percentage of natural habitats in the landscape had a positive additional effect on the number of cells per nest only in A. longispinosus. Besides, flower richness was positively related to the proportion of females in both species and increased O. caerulescens survival.
Our findings stress the importance of considering different spatial scales for an effective conservation management that takes into account Hymenoptera reproduction.
A founder variant in the RYR1 gene is associated with hyperCKemia, myalgia and muscle cramps
Authors: Segarra‐Casas Alba , Iruzubieta Pablo , Kapetanovic Solange , Hernández‐Laín Aurelio , Jericó Ivonne , Fernández‐Torrón Roberto , Maneiro Miren , Marco‐Moreno Pablo , Zelaya‐Huerta M. Victoria , Rodríguez‐Santiago Benjamín , Calafell Francesc , Töpf Ana , Straub Volker , Vallejo‐Illarramendi Ainara , López de Munain Adolfo , Gallano Pia , Gonzalez‐Quereda Lidia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and purposePathogenic variants in the RYR1 gene have been associated with a variety of conditions, ranging from congenital myopathy to adult manifestations. Our aim was to characterize the p.Leu2286Val variant in 17 Basque patients, to accurately determine its correlation with clinical features and to explore the possible founder effect of the variant.MethodsFamilies harbouring the p.Leu2286 RYR1 variant underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, including muscle magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography and muscle biopsy. Haplotypes were analysed in available patients and their relatives.ResultsIndividuals carrying the p.Leu2286Val shared a common haplotype, suggesting a founder event in the Basque Country population. The most prevalent features were exertional myalgia, high creatine kinase (CK) levels, cramps and muscle hypertrophy. None of the patients carrying only the p.Leu2286Val showed progression to severe muscle weakness and muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous muscle involvement. Muscle biopsy revealed non‐specific findings in two patients and features associated with central core disease in one patient carrying only the p.Leu2286Val and two patients harbouring an additional RYR1 variant. Three individuals carrying an in trans RYR1 variant presented with an earlier onset and more severe phenotype.ConclusionHere, it is shown that the dominantly inherited p.Leu2286Val RYR1 founder variant is associated with a milder phenotype of exercise intolerance, myalgia and hyperCKemia.
Professional perspectives on characteristics of legitimacy in court‐based mediation
Authors: Lyngstad Eva Cathrine , Skjesol Ingunn 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn Norway, court‐based mediation involves judges, lawyers, and psychologists working as a mediation team to bring settlement and avoid litigation. This article reports from a qualitative study with twenty‐two judges, psychologists, and lawyers from four district courts. The purpose was to identify the characteristics of custody mediation from their perspectives. Findings show that the professionals were concerned with four areas: (1) discovery, (2) structure, (3) expertise, and (4) authority. Findings are presented and then discussed in the context of literature on collaborative learning, legitimacy, and procedural justice. In this article, we integrate study results, Raz's theory of legitimacy, and Engström's activity systems framework to argue that legitimacy is realized through a co‐configurative process that facilitates negotiating robust parenting agreements.
A Novel Banana‐Based Gel System 3D Printing: Effect of Oxygen Content in Printing Environment on Browning Development
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Min , Tang Tiantian , Xu Baoguo , Guo Zhimei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT3D printing is an important way of food processing. However, some fruit and vegetable materials, such as bananas, are prone to oxidative browning during 3D printing. In this study, different mass ratios of banana paste and potato whole powder were used to prepare the banana‐based system, which was applied as printing materials to investigate the effects of different oxygen content in the printing environment on the browning of the banana‐based system. Results showed that the optimal printing material ratio of banana paste and potato whole powder was 87.5%:12.5%. With the lower oxygen content in the printing environment, the browning degree of the banana‐based material during the printing process was smaller, and the loss degree of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity was less. When the oxygen content was < 1%, there was no visual browning. This study is the first to systematically explore how controlled oxygen environments can inhibit browning during the 3D printing of banana‐based materials, providing a foundation for inhibiting the browning of easily oxidative systems during 3D printing.
Application of Membrane Filtration for Microalgae Harvesting and Protein Separation
Authors: Ayub Nur Adlin , Low Keat Long , Ghazali Nazlee Faisal 
Published: January 2025

The seek for sustainable protein sources has led to the exploration of microalgae as an alternative. Membrane filtration, known for its environmental friendliness, holds promise for purifying protein from microalgae. This research focuses on the protein purification from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. This research aims to investigate the effect of membrane composition for enhanced microalgae harvesting and protein purification, as well as evaluating the effects of membrane pore sizes and porosity on the performance. Three membrane compositions were evaluated, which are 18% PES, 15% PES, and 12% PES. The membranes were tested for efficiency in microalgae harvesting and protein filtration through dead-end filtration. SEM analysis, contact angle analysis, and theoretical calculations were used to assess membrane characteristics. In terms of algae harvesting, both 18% PES and 15% PES were better than 12% PES in terms of retention of algae. Lowest protein rejection or high protein recovery in the permeate was achieved using 18% PES while 12% PES gave the highest rejection or low protein recovery. Our result can provide valuable guidance for optimizing PES membrane compositions to enhance microalgae-based processes.
Phytochemical Compounds, Therapeutic Effects and Antimicrobial Properties of Gac Fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.)
Authors: Vadiveloo Sajetra Devi , Ali El-Enshasy Hesham , Joe Dailin Daniel , Sing Teong Dennis Chew , Jenol Mohd Azwan , Mohd Marsin Aishah , Abdul Manas Nor Hasmaliana 
Published: January 2025

Gac fruit, a tropical fruit native to Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used in Asian cuisines as a red coloring agent and to maintain health. It is particularly rich in carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, and phenolics and flavonoids, which contribute to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The fruit's versatility is evident in its diverse processing options, transforming its aril, pulp, seed, and peel into powders or encapsulated oil products. Despite its nutritional potential, Gac fruit remains underutilized, with limited research on its therapeutic and antimicrobial properties, though preliminary studies show significant promise. This review synthesizes current scientific literature on the phytochemical composition, therapeutic effects of Gac fruit, and processing methods. Recent studies also have highlighted Gac fruit's potential antimicrobial activities, largely due to its rich polyphenol content. The findings highlight a clear relationship between the high polyphenols content of Gac fruit and its antimicrobial properties. This review integrates traditional knowledge with modern scientific insights, positioning Gac fruit as a valuable functional food and a promising tool for antimicrobial food ingredients. In the future, further research is needed to establish the mechanisms of the Gac fruit as a therapeutic and antimicrobial agent, as this area is currently underexplored.
Weakly subnormal subgroups and variations of the Baer–Suzuki theorem
Authors: Guralnick Robert M. , Tong‐Viet Hung P. , Tracey Gareth 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA subgroup of a finite group is weakly subnormal in if is not subnormal in but it is subnormal in every proper overgroup of in . In this paper, we first classify all finite groups that contains a weakly subnormal ‐subgroup for some prime . We then determine all finite groups containing a cyclic weakly subnormal ‐subgroup. As applications, we prove a number of variations of the Baer–Suzuki theorem using the orders of certain group elements.
Diagonal cubic forms and the large sieve
Authors: Wang Victor Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLet be the number of integral zeros of . Works of Hooley and Heath‐Brown imply , if one assumes automorphy and grand Riemann hypothesis for certain Hasse–Weil ‐functions. Assuming instead a natural large sieve inequality, we recover the same bound on . This is part of a more general statement, for diagonal cubic forms in variables, where we allow approximations to Hasse–Weil ‐functions.
Effects of New Zealand Black Currant Extract on Exercising Substrate Utilization and Postexercise Blood Pressure in Men and Women
Authors: Cook Matthew David , Shan Yusen , Willems Mark Elisabeth Theodorus 
Published: January 2025

New Zealand black currant extract (NZBC) has been shown to increase fat oxidation during exercise and decrease the postexercise blood pressure in men and women. The change in fat oxidation by NZBC has also been shown to be correlated to body composition in men and women. There has never been a comparison of sex responses within the same study. Twenty-two participants (11 men and 11 women, age: 29 ± 8 years, maximal oxygen uptake: 44 ± 9 ml·kg−1·min−1, body fat: 18% ± 6%) had resting blood pressure measured for 2 hr (no exercise). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled (PLA), randomized crossover design, participants completed 1 hr of treadmill exercise at 50% maximal oxygen uptake with expired gas measurement, followed by 2-hr resting blood pressure measurement with 7 days of NZBC or PLA. Average fat oxidation was different between the conditions (NZBC: 0.27 ± 0.11 g/min, PLA: 0.21 ± 0.12 g/min, p < .001), but the response between men and women was not different. When combined, there was no relationship (p > .05) between body fat percentage and change in fat oxidation (r = −.079), with men also demonstrating no relationship (r = −.069), although women did demonstrate a relationship (r = .691, p < .05). In the 2-hr rest, systolic pressure delta change was larger with NZBC than PLA (no exercise vs. NZBC: −5.5 ± 5.4 mmHg vs. no exercise vs. PLA: −2.9 ± 5.1 mmHg, p < .001) but was not different between men and women. A 7-day intake of NZBC extract increases fat oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise and decreases postexercise blood pressure in men and women. The magnitude of change in fat oxidation in women is correlated to body fat percentage.
Prevalence and correlates of child labour in five low-income countries: a descriptive study based on UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 6 (MICS6)
Authors: Spencer Nick , Gunnlaugsson Geir , Raman Shanti 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe Convention on the Rights of the Child states that children need to be protected from ‘any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development’. We aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of child labour in five low-income African countries using the sixth wave of UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS6).MethodsData on child labour, reported by the household respondent for a randomly selected child (5–17 years), were extracted from MICS6 reports from Chad, Guinea Bissau, Malawi, Sierra Leone and Togo. Prevalence rates were extracted from three categories of child labour (household chores, economic activity and hazardous work) stratified by gender, age, wealth and residence.Results140 598 children aged 5–17 years (61.2% 5–11; 22.0% 12–14; 16.8% 15–17) were included in the reports; 59 090 (42%) were engaged in child labour. The highest proportion of child labourers by age was 12–14 years old (61.1%) followed by 15–17 years old (51.1%) and 5–11 years old (36.1%). There were differences between countries, with Chad having the highest proportion of working children. Gender differences in working were limited (43.9% boys vs 40.3% girls); rural children were almost twice as likely to be working compared with urban children (47.5% rural vs 25.6% urban) as were children in the poorest quintile compared with those in the wealthiest quintile (46.9% vs 23.7%). Over a third (35.3%) of working children were exposed to hazardous conditions. Older, male, rural or poor children were over-represented among those in hazardous work.ConclusionsAlmost half of all children in these five sub-Saharan African countries are engaged in labour, of which one-third are in hazardous work. MICS6 surveys do not report on working children’s health; however, working puts their health and development at risk.
Association between phosphate and 30-day in-hospital mortality in paediatric ICU: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ding Yiyi , Lei Yaqin , Zhu Yufang , Zhang Hongwei , Xiao Yunbin 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDeath rates in the intensive care unit (ICU) and paediatric ICU (PICU) are approximately 10.8% and 9.13%, respectively. Serum phosphate irregularities, such as low or high phosphate levels, significantly impact ICU patient outcomes. However, the connection between serum phosphate concentrations on admission and PICU mortality has not been investigated.MethodsInformation was collected from 12 881 PICU patients at the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, over an 8-year period from 2010 to 2018. The data were retrieved from the PIC database (http://pic.nbscn.org).ResultsA multiple linear regression model was used to assess associations between phosphate and 30-day PICU mortality, finding a significant positive relationship (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.49). Generalised additive models were also developed, showing a non-linear association between serum phosphate and 30-day PICU mortality. In the two-phase linear regression analysis, the critical point for serum phosphate concentration was identified as 1.2 mmol/L. To the left of this point, serum phosphate levels were inversely correlated (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.41), whereas to the right, a positive relationship was observed (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.39).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrated a relationship between serum phosphate levels and 30-day PICU mortality. The relationship was represented by a U-shaped curve. Hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia increased the risk of 30-day PICU death.
Long-term Effectiveness and Safety of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Radiation-Induced Hyposalivation in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Fenger Carlander Amanda-Louise , Jakobsen Kathrine Kronberg , Todsen Tobias , Paaske Natasja , Østergaard Madsen Anne Kathrine , Bendtsen Simone Kloch , Kastrup Jens , Friborg Jeppe , Duch Lynggaard Charlotte , Hauge Anne Werner , Christensen Robin , Grønhøj Christian , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
The long-term effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) on restoring radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction in patients with previous head and neck cancer has not been validated in larger settings.

Patients and Methods:
The study was a 12-month follow-up of a randomized trial, including patients with hyposalivation. Patients were randomized to receive allogeneic ASC or placebo in the submandibular glands. The primary endpoint was unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) followed by stimulated whole saliva, patient-reported outcomes (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Head and Neck Module, and the xerostomia questionnaire), and safety.

Results:
Of the 120 enrolled patients, 117 (97.5%) were assessed at 12 months. Treatment with ASC did not increase UWS compared with placebo: Increase in UWS was 0.02 mL/minute [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01–0.04] in the ASC group and 0.02 mL/minute (95% CI, 0–0.03) in the placebo group (P = 0.56). ASC reduced the symptom burden for dry mouth with −10.07 units (95% CI, −13.39 to −6.75) compared with −4.15 units (95% CI, −7.46 to −0.84) in the placebo group (P = 0.01). Compared with placebo, ASC did not improve sticky saliva (−9.27 vs. −4.55 units; P = 0.13), swallowing (−4.50 vs. 3.49 units; P = 0.5), or xerostomia (−3.12 vs. −2.74 units; P = 0.82). Treatment was safe and associated with a transient immune response.

Conclusions:
Intraglandular ACS therapy in the submandibular glands significantly relieved subjective dry mouth symptoms. Both ASC and placebo increased UWS, but ASC did not prove superior to placebo in restoring salivary gland function, based on the salivary flow rate.
Racial, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities in Preamputation Vascular Care for Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Ramadan Omar I. , Yang Lin , Shultz Kaitlyn , Genovese Elizabeth , Damrauer Scott M. , Wang Grace J. , Secemsky Eric A. , Treat-Jacobson Diane J. , Womeodu Robin J. , Fakorede Foluso A. , Nathan Ashwin S. , Eberly Lauren A. , Julien Howard M. , Kobayashi Taisei J. , Groeneveld Peter W. , Giri Jay , Fanaroff Alexander C. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Black patients, those with low socioeconomic status (SES), and those living in rural areas have elevated rates of major lower extremity amputation, which may be related to a lack of subspecialty chronic limb-threatening ischemia care. We evaluated the association between race, rurality, SES, and preamputation vascular care.

METHODS:
Among patients aged 66 to 86 years with fee-for-service Medicare who underwent major lower extremity amputation for chronic limb-threatening ischemia from July 2010 to December 2019, we compared the proportion who received vascular care in the 12 months before amputation by race (Black versus White), rurality, and SES (dual eligibility for Medicaid versus no dual eligibility) using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates.

RESULTS:
Among 73 237 patients who underwent major lower extremity amputation, 40 320 (55.1%) had an outpatient vascular subspecialist visit, 60 109 (82.1%) had lower extremity arterial testing, and 28 345 (38.7%) underwent lower extremity revascularization in the year before amputation. Black patients were less likely to have an outpatient vascular specialist visit (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR], 0.87 [95% CI, 0.84–0.90]) or revascularization (adjOR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86–0.93]) than White patients. Compared with patients without low SES or residing in urban areas, patients with low SES or residing in rural areas were less likely to have an outpatient vascular specialist visit (adjOR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.60–0.64]; low SES versus nonlow SES; adjOR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.79–0.85]; rural versus urban), lower extremity arterial testing (adjOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.75–0.81]; low SES versus nonlow SES; adjOR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.0.86–0.94]; rural versus urban), or revascularization (adjOR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.63–0.67]; low SES versus nonlow SES; adjOR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.86–0.93]; rural versus urban).

CONCLUSIONS:
Black race, rural residence, and low SES are associated with failure to receive subspecialty chronic limb-threatening ischemia care before amputation. To reduce disparities in amputation, multilevel interventions to facilitate equitable chronic limb-threatening ischemia care are needed.