bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAM71F1 binds to RAB2A and RAB2B and is essential for acrosome formation and male fertility in mice
Authors: Morohoshi Akane , Miyata Haruhiko , Oyama Yuki , Oura Seiya , Noda Taichi , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The acrosome is a cap-shaped, Golgi-derived membranous organelle that is located over the anterior of the sperm nucleus and highly conserved throughout evolution. Although morphological changes during acrosome biogenesis in spermatogenesis have been well described, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is still largely unknown. Family with sequence similarity 71, member F1 and F2 (FAM71F1 and FAM71F2) are testis-enriched proteins that contain a RAB2B-binding domain, a small GTPase involved in vesicle transport and membrane trafficking. Here, by generating mutant mice for each gene, we found that Fam71f1 is essential for male fertility. In Fam71f1-mutant mice, the acrosome was abnormally expanded at the round spermatid stage, likely because of enhanced vesicle trafficking. Mass spectrometry analysis after immunoprecipitation indicated that, in testes, FAM71F1 binds not only RAB2B, but also RAB2A. Further study suggested that FAM71F1 binds to the GTP-bound active form of RAB2A/B, but not the inactive form. These results indicate that a complex of FAM71F1 and active RAB2A/B suppresses excessive vesicle trafficking during acrosome formation.
Local Protectionism, Market Structure, and Social Welfare: China’s Automobile Market
Authors: Barwick Panle Jia , Cao Shengmao , Li Shanjun 
Published: October 2021

This study documents the presence of local protectionism and quantifies its impacts on market competition and social welfare in the context of China’s automobile market. A salient feature of China’s auto market is that vehicle models by joint ventures and state-owned enterprises command much higher market shares in their headquarter provinces than at the national level. Through county border analysis, falsification tests, and a consumer survey, we uncover protectionist policies such as subsidies to local brands as the primary contributing factor to the observed home bias. We then set up and estimate a market equilibrium model to quantify the impact of local protection, controlling for other demand and supply factors. Counterfactual analysis shows that local protection leads to significant consumer choice distortions and results in 21.9 billion yuan of consumer welfare loss, amounting to 41 percent of total subsidy. Provincial governments face a prisoner’s dilemma: local protection reduces aggregate social welfare, but provincial governments have no incentive to unilaterally remove local protection. (JEL L24, L32, L62, O14, O18, P25, R12)
Elimination of Difficulties in Teaching Primary School Students by Means of Controlling Metasubject Achievements
Authors: Petrashko O. 
Published: October 2021

The article highlights the possibilities of pedagogical control, which makes it possible to eliminate difficulties in the process of formation and
development of universal educational actions in younger schoolchildren, which contributes to the achievement of metasubject learning outcomes. Examples of test and diagnostic tasks are given, with the help of which the level of formation of students’ cognitive, communicative, regulatory universal educational actions, which determine the degree of readiness to solve problems of a metasubject nature, is checked. It is emphasized that the collective analysis of the independent learning activity of younger schoolchildren provides not only the removal of difficulties and mistakes in the performance of tasks, but also their prevention.
“The-World-Around-Us” Lesson in the Fourth Grade: “Poisonous Animals. Poisonous Mushrooms”
Authors: Nikol'skaya V. 
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the structure and methodology of conducting a lesson with fourth-graders on the natural history topic “Poisonous animals.
Poisonous Mushrooms “within the framework of mastering the content of the training course “The-World-Around-Us”. The teacher implements
the set goals of the lesson on the basis of the use of problem situations, comparison of drawings with the corresponding texts, the widespread
use of visual material and works of art. Simultaneously with the expansion of knowledge about poisonous animals and mushrooms, younger
schoolchildren develop ideas about the
Social Exchange and the Reciprocity Roller Coaster: Evidence from the Life and Death of Virtual Teams
Authors: Hergueux Jérôme , Henry Emeric , Benkler Yochai , Algan Yann 
Published: October 2021

Organizations are riddled with cooperation problems, that is, instances in which workers need to voluntarily exert effort to achieve efficient collective outcomes. To sustain high levels of cooperation, the experimental literature demonstrates the centrality of reciprocal preferences but has also overlooked some of its negative consequences. In this paper, we ran lab-in-the-field experiments in the context of open-source software development teams to provide the first field evidence that highly reciprocating groups are not necessarily more successful in practice. Instead, the relationship between high reciprocity and performance can be more accurately described as U-shaped. Highly reciprocal teams are generally more likely to fail and only outperform other teams conditional on survival. We use the dynamic structure of our data on field contributions to demonstrate the underlying theoretical mechanism. Reciprocal preferences work as a catalyst at the team level: they reinforce the cooperative equilibrium in good times but also make it harder to recover from a negative signal (the project dies). Our results call into question the idea that strong reciprocity can shield organizations from cooperation breakdowns. Instead, cooperation needs to be dynamically managed through relational contracts. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: This research was funded by the consolidator grant agreement [Grant 647870] from the European Research Council, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Yann Algan). Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1515 .
Non-Invasive radial pressure wave analysis may digitally predict women’s risks of type 2 diabetes (T2DM): A case and control group study
Authors: Chen Chih-Yu , Liao Kuo-meng , Wang Sheng-Hung , Chen Su-Chiu , Chang Chen-Jung , Wang Tien-Chung , Wang Gin-Chung 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundWomen not only have worse diabetes complications, but also have menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause which can make managing diabetes more difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate if radial pressure wave analysis may non-invasively screen for women’s risk of type 2 diabetes.MethodsSpectrum analysis of the radial pressure wave was performed to evaluate the first five harmonic components, C1 to C5. The study consisted of a total of 808 non-pregnant female subjects aged 20–95 over the period of 4 years, and 404 of them were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes as the case group.ResultThe first five harmonic components are significantly different in a comparison of the case group and the control group. In the logistic regression analysis, T2DM was found to be associated with C1 (OR = 1.055, CI = 1.037–1.074, p < 0.001), C2 (OR = 1.051, CI = 1.019–1.085, p = 0.002), and C3 (OR = 0.972, CI = 0.950–0.994, p = 0.013). In the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, the Area Under Curve of using C3 only (70%, p <0.05), weighted C1, C2 and C3, (75%, p < 0.05), and weighted C1, C2 and C3 and Body mass Index (84%, p <0.05) were tested for the accuracy on how well these tests separate the women into the groups with and without the T2DM.ConclusionWe thus concluded that pulse spectrum was a non-invasive predictor for women’s risk of T2DM.
MODERATING OF POLLITICAL CONNECTION ON FACTORS AFFECTING FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT FROM THE PENTAGON FRAUD MODEL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Irawan Helmiansyah , Aryati Titik 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The Purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of the factors that effect of fraud in financial statements that occur in companies. And also analyzes the impact of political connections as a moderating variable that strengthens or weakens the factors that influences fraud in the financial statements.The author collects empirical study data from manufacture industry companies, using secondary data taken from annual reporting of companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange and analyzes them using the SPSS program. A total of 60 units of data analysis that meet the criteria and can be used as sample in the research. This research reveals that effective monitoring and change of director has a positive and significant effect on financial statement of fraudulent. A set of financial targets, changes of auditors, and the frequencies of CEO pictures have not effect on fraudulent of financial statement. Whatever, the impact on political connection as oderating variable only strengthens the influence between effective monitoring and change of BOD on fraudulent financial statement from before being moderated by the political connection. This study only takes data of secondary from the annual reporting of companies and financial reports of firm from BEI, especially the manufacturing industry which only covers three sectors. Meanwhile, the Indonesia Stock Exchange consists of nine existing industrial sectors. Originality/value for this research is Political Connection as a moderator between financial stability, in effectively monitoring, change of auditor, change of director and frequencies of number commissioner’s pictures on financial statement of fraudulent in the context of manufacture companies listed in BEI is still little researched. So this research will not only fill in the current gaps in the literature but also spark new academic debates, but this study will also contribute to the practice of fraudulent financial.
Keywords: financial stability, ineffectively monitoring, changes of auditor, changes of director, financial statement of fraudulent
INFLUENCE OF THE PERFORMANCE OF NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE IN PREVENTION OF ORGANIZED CRIMES IN MOMBASA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: KIUNGA NICKSON 
Published: October 2021

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on influence of the Performance of National Police Service in Prevention of organized Crimes in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study was necessitated by continued rise of criminal gangs despite police service efforts to contain the problem. The study was guided by three specific objectives, but for this paper first and second objectives will be discussed. First, the examined the influence of resource capacity on the performance of national police service in prevention of organized crimes in Mombasa County. Secondly, the study examined the influence of motivation on the performance of national police service in prevention of organized crimes. Thirdly, the last objective assessed the influence of external environment on the performance of National Police Service in prevention of organized crimes in Mombasa County, Kenya. The survey utilized Expectancy theory and Crime Pattern Theory and adopted a descriptive research design employing a mixed method paradigm.
The study sample size comprised 306 National Police Service officers (NPS); Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) officers, Kenya Police service (KP), and Administration Police (AP) officers both senior and junior. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis derived from the study objectives. On the other hand, quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. According to the findings, 17% of the police officers still undertake operations without intelligence briefing, and that despite the availability of criminal intelligence. Besides, access to criminal intelligence was still a major challenge to 45% of the officers while inter-agency coordination was a rare part of the fight against organized crime to 56% of the officers who were not involved. The findings also revealed that despite the importance of training towards the prevention of organized crime, 33% of police officers did not have access to these trainings. Furthermore, 53% of the officers, cited lack of recognition and motivation that could go a long way in raising performance of the police officers. The study makes two major recommendations; special attention to training and curriculum review that addresses the demands of emerging global security challenges. Secondly, officer’s welfare remains a thorny issue which can potentially stifle any crime prevention initiative. Welfare issues of concern such as merit and fairness in promotions, rewards and other incentives, and better compensation were said to be an integral part of any serious police reform agenda.
illusion of the Oracle:
Authors: Álvarez José Maurício 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The familiar face of empires is external intervention as opposed to local culture. We follow Michel Onfray's thesis about the oracular illusion when one more individual or country tries to avoid the fulfillment of a nefarious prediction, which materializes as a catastrophe. Algeria conquered in 1830 was incorporated into French territory. In 1954 the FLN rebelled, and in 1961, General Charles de Gaulle negotiated the independence of Algeria, causing the disastrous departure of 750,000 French settlers and the death of French supporters. From 1962 to 2021, the withdrawals of imperial powers from their colonies, France from Algeria, the United States in Afghanistan, resulted in catastrophes and uncertainties. The imperial power of the United States aimed to defeat its bipolar antagonist, the USSR when it invaded Afghanistan. They conducted an inconsequential policy to beat their rival, arming and financing the Taliban's victorious resistance, the freedom fighters. The oracular illusion led the United States to support the future antagonist, Islamic fundamentalism, destined for the world caliphate. After the departure of the USSR, American power despised the Taliban, who harbored al Qaeda, leading to 9/11. In 2001 the United States invaded Afghanistan and abandoned it after 20 years of war without the precaution of obtaining plans or safeguards for the government in Kabul. After the disastrous retreat, the victorious Taliban demonstrated, like the FLN in Algeria, the fulfillment of the oracular illusion.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of Iranian Physicians about COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Ghasemisarukolai Maryam 
Published: October 2021

As a result of the global crisis caused by the coronavirus outbreak in late December 2019, Iran was also severely affected. The three provinces of Tehran, Mazandaran, and Gillan were high-risk cities exposed to infection and grievously damaged. Therefore, we decided to look at the level of knowledge, depth of attitude, and quality of physicians' practice in these three provinces. The most significant goal was to assess the level of KAP relative to the COVID-19 virus to provide comprehensive information to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the treatment staff to better cope and more effectively prevent and control critical situations.
For research methodology, a cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 300 people using a self-made questionnaire. An online questionnaire via virtual networks and a paper questionnaire were also distributed by the principal author in medical hospitals, which included four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Cronbach's alpha confirmed the validity and reliability of each component. The final results prove that the knowledge of physicians was acceptable and significant at the level of 0.05. Physicians' attitudes showed a level of fear and anxiety that was significant according to a one-sample t-test and chi-square (Sig <0.05). In order to rank the physicians' practice, a T-test was used, and the results of the Friedman test in the first stage of the Chi-square test showed that the significance level is 0.05. Looking at the research results, it can be said that the development of educational programs can have a beneficial effect in increasing physicians' knowledge and controlling the disease as effectively as possible. Also, due to the attitude associated with stress and fear, it can be seen that providing laboratory and treatment equipment has been one of the concerns of physicians.
Towards an understanding of multilingual investment: multilingual learning experiences among mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong
Authors: Sung Chit Cheung Matthew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates a group of mainland Chinese students’ multilingual learning experiences in an English-medium university in multilingual Hong Kong. Informed by the sociological construct of investment, the study focuses on the role of identity and language ideology and their interaction in shaping the participants’ experiences of learning English and Cantonese and their multilingual development. The findings reveal that the participants’ multilingual investments were mediated by their ideologies of sociolinguistic competence and flexible multilingualism, which contributed to the development of their identities as competent multilingual speakers. However, the participants’ negotiations of their multilingual identities were constrained by the local students’ deficit perspectives on the participants’ multilingual competences as a result of the influence of the ideology of native-speakerism in the local society. The findings also show that the participants’ internalization of the ideology of neoliberal multilingualism and the ideology of multilingualism as indexical of cosmopolitan membership prompted their multilingual investments, which expanded their imagined identity options for the future. Taken together, the findings point to the complex and dynamic interaction between identity and language ideology in shaping multilingual investments. The study also expands our understanding of multilingual learning by contributing to the conceptualization of ‘multilingual investment’ from a sociological perspective.
COVID-19 disease in clinical setting: impact on gonadal function, transmission risk, and sperm quality in young males
Authors: Scroppo Fabrizio I. , Costantini Elisabetta , Zucchi Alessandro , Illiano Ester , Trama Francesco , Brancorsini Stefano , Crocetto Felice , Gismondo Maria Rita , Dehò Federico , Mercuriali Anna , Bartoletti Riccardo , Gaeta Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We want to evaluate the possible presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in semen samples and semen quality, looking for a possible relationship between the infectious disease and fertility.

Methods
In this prospective study, we enrolled 15 consecutive men (age 18–50 years) with positive oropharyngeal swab to SARS-CoV-2 and classified, according to WHO criteria, in mild to moderate disease. A semen sample was collected to detect SARS-CoV viral RNA by the automated Real-Time PCR ELITe InGenius® system and the GeneFinderTM COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit assay (ELITechGroup, France). Analysis of semen characteristics was performed according to WHO laboratory manual 5th ed. for the examination and processing of human semen. Blood samples for the dosage of hormonal assay, procalcitonin, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein were obtained.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 RNA has not been detected in semen samples from any of the subjects analysed. Sperm analysis exhibited abnormal seminal values in 14 out of 15 patients (93.3%). Furthermore, no difference was detected regarding sperm quality between mild and moderate SARS-CoV-2 patients. No alteration in the inflammatory indices was observed in the studied population, as well gonadotropins and testosterone levels.

Conclusions
COVID patients studied exhibits alteration of the seminal fluid both in microscopic and macroscopic characteristics such as hypoposia and increased viscosity, which have not been detected in previous studies. The presence of viral RNA within the seminal fluid was excluded.
From koine to standard: the early modern origin of a key linguistic term
Authors: Van Rooy Raf 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I explore the early history of the word standard as a linguistic term, arguing that it came to compete with the designation common language in the seventeenth century. The latter phrase was, in turn, formed by ideas on the Greek koine during the Renaissance and appears to have been the first widely used collocation referring to a standard language-like entity. In order to sketch this evolution, I first discuss premodern ideas on the koine. Then, I attempt to outline how the intuitive comparison of the koine with vernacular norms that were being increasingly regulated resulted in the development of the concept of common language, termed lingua communis in Latin (a calque of Greek hē koinḕ diálektos), in the sixteenth century. This phrase highlighted the communicative functionality of the vernaculars, which were being codified in grammars and dictionaries. Scholars contrasted these common languages with regional dialects, which had a limited reach in terms of communication. This distinction received a social and evaluative connotation during the seventeenth century, which created a need for terminological alternatives; an increasingly popular option competing with common language was standard, which was variously combined with language and tongue by English authors from about 1650 onwards, especially in Protestant circles, where the vernaculars tended to play a more prominent role than in Catholic areas. Of major importance for this evolution was the work and linguistic usage of the poet John Dryden (1631–1700). This essay uncovers the early history of standard as a key linguistic term, while also presenting a case study which shows the impact of the rediscovery of the Greek heritage on language studies in Western Europe, especially through the term common language.
The black box of delegated writing: Early Modern scribes and female literacy in The Netherlands
Authors: van der Wal Marijke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Apart from literacy rates and reading and writing acquisition, the actual writing practices of the past, which include the phenomenon of delegated writing, belong to a history of literacy. Delegated writing occurred when illiterate or partly literate individuals wanted to keep in contact with relatives at a distance and had to rely on the assistance of professional or social scribes. The details of this process and the role played by the sender of a letter and its actual, usually unknown, scribe often remain unclear, although different scenarios may be assumed. Cultural historian Lyons explored scenarios for delegated writing in France, Italy and Spain in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing on the writing of ordinary people during the First World War and in the age of mass migration. For the Dutch language area, we have the opportunity to delve further back in time by exploring the late-seventeenth-century part of the Letters as Loot (LAL) corpus. This corpus previously allowed us to establish linguistic differences between autographs and non-autographs. For a detailed view of the delegated writing process, however, the LAL corpus also provides us with instances of two types of letters written by the same, identified, female scribes: their own letters and the letters they wrote for others. A comparative analysis of these different letters will be shown to contribute to opening the black box of Early Modern delegated writing.