bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0/2 h-Algorithm for Rapid Triage of Suspected Myocardial Infarction Using a Novel High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Assay
Authors: Wildi Karin , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Yufera Sanchez Ana , Okamura Bernhard , Shrestha Samyut , Rohner Jennifer , Miró Òscar , Martinez-Nadal Gemma , Martin-Sanchez F Javier , Koechlin Luca , Twerenbold Raphael , Christ Michael , Kawecki Damian , Rubini Giménez Maria , Keller Dagmar I , Mueller Christian ,   for the APACE investigators, Wussler Desiree , Strebel Ivo , Bakula Adam , Frey Simon , Gualandro Danielle M , Zimmermann Tobias , Puelacher Christian , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Potlukova Eliska , Diebold Matthias , Geigy Nicolas , Rentsch Katharina , Mitrovic Sandra , Fuenzalida Carolina , Glarner Noemi , Morawiec Beata , Breidthardt Tobias , Freese Michael , López Beatriz , Calderón Sofia , Adrada Esther Rodriguez , Ganovská Eva , Parenica Jiri , von Eckardstein Arnold , Campodarve Isabel , Gea Joaquim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We aimed to derive and validate a 0/2 h-algorithm using the new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI)-VITROS assay (VITROS® Immunodiagnostic Products hs-Troponin I Reagent Pack, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) for rapid rule-out/in of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods
The final diagnosis was centrally adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists according to the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) among 1888 patients presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain. hs-cTnI-VITROS concentrations were measured at presentation and at 2 h in a blinded fashion. The optimal assay-specific thresholds for the hs-cTnI-VITROS 0/2 h-algorithm were derived in a randomly selected 70% of the cohort and validated in the remaining 30%.

Results
NSTEMI was the final diagnosis in 216/1322 (16.3%) patients of the derivation cohort. Rule-out was defined as baseline hs-cTnI concentrations of &lt;1 ng/L in patients presenting with chest pain onset &gt;3 h or a baseline hs-cTnI concentration of &lt;2 ng/L and an absolute change of &lt;3 ng/L within 2 h. Thresholds for rule-in were either ≥40 ng/L at presentation or an absolute change within 2 h of ≥ 5ng/L. In the derivation cohort, these thresholds ruled-out 50.8% of patients with a negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity of 99.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 98.8–99.9%) and 99.1% (95% CI, 96.7–99.9%), and ruled-in 17.9% with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 79.2% (95% CI, 74.3–83.5%). In the validation cohort, NSTEMI was the final diagnosis in 91/566 (16.1%) patients. The derived 0/2 h-algorithm ruled-out 46.3% of patients with a NPV and sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 95.6–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 96.0–100%), and ruled-in 18.9% with a PPV of 73.8% (95% CI, 66.1–80.3%) in the validation cohort.

Conclusion
hs-cTnI-VITROS concentrations at presentation combined with absolute changes within the first 2 h allowed safe rule-out and accurate rule-in of NSTEMI in two-thirds of unselected patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department.

Trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0047058
Structural Racism and Race Discrimination
Authors: Atrey Shreya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
What is the relationship between ‘racism’ and ‘race discrimination’? The paper explores this question. It shows that once we look beyond racism understood colloquially as individual bigotry, to racism understood in a structural sense as embedded in the social, economic, cultural and political dimensions of the State itself, it is possible to locate racism in the practice of discrimination law, within the category of race discrimination. Yet, discrimination law frequently fails to grasp structural racism. The paper reveals how this happens and in turn shows how race discrimination can be infiltrated with a structural view of racism. The overall purpose is to establish that discrimination law fails to be relevant in the face of contemporary forms of racism in the absence of a structural view.
Acute Gastroenteritis in the Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Di Re Angelina , Liang Yi , Gosselink Martijn Pieter , Ctercteko Grahame 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of a spectrum of disorders including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, with a rising incidence worldwide. However, despite this prevalence the etiology of IBD remains uncertain. It has been suggested that an episode of gastroenteritis may precipitate IBD.

Methods
Studies were identified using a literature search of Pubmed/Medline and Embase/Ovid. This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary outcome was incidence of new-onset IBD after gastroenteritis. Secondary outcomes included incidence of IBD after bacterial, viral, and parasitic gastrointestinal infections.

Results
Eleven studies (n = 923 608 patients) were included. Four studies assessed patients with gastroenteritis, subsequently developing IBD as the primary outcome. Patients with gastroenteritis had a higher incidence of subsequent IBD but this did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio [OR] 3.81, 95% CI 0.52–27.85, P = .19). Seven studies examined the incidence of antecedent gastroenteritis (primary outcome) in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD, compared to the controlled population. There was no difference between incidence of antecedent gastroenteritis across the 2 population groups (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.55–2.08, P = .85). There was no association between IBD and bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections.

Conclusions
In summary, our meta-analysis has shown that there is considerable heterogeneity in the literature regarding the role of gastroenteritis in the development of IBD. Further higher quality studies need to be performed to ascertain the true nature of this.
Integration of multiple imaging platforms to uncover cardiovascular defects in adult zebrafish
Authors: Bensimon-Brito Anabela , Boezio Giulia L M , Cardeira-da-Silva João , Wietelmann Astrid , Ramkumar Srinath , Lundegaard Pia R , Helker Christian S M , Ramadass Radhan , Piesker Janett , Nauerth Arno , Mueller Clemens , Stainier Didier Y R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsMammalian models have been instrumental in investigating adult heart function and human disease. However, electrophysiological differences with human hearts and high costs motivate the need for non-mammalian models. The zebrafish is a well-established genetic model to study cardiovascular development and function; however, analysis of cardiovascular phenotypes in adult specimens is particularly challenging as they are opaque.Methods and resultsHere, we optimized and combined multiple imaging techniques including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography to identify and analyse cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish. Using alk5a/tgfbr1a mutants as a case study, we observed morphological and functional cardiovascular defects that were undetected with conventional approaches. Correlation analysis of multiple parameters revealed an association between haemodynamic defects and structural alterations of the heart, as observed clinically.ConclusionWe report a new, comprehensive, and sensitive platform to identify otherwise indiscernible cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish.
Cardiovascular consequences of viral infections: from COVID to other viral diseases
Authors: Schultheiss Heinz-Peter , Baumeier Christian , Pietsch Heiko , Bock C -Thomas , Poller Wolfgang , Escher Felicitas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfection of the heart muscle with cardiotropic viruses is one of the major aetiologies of myocarditis and acute and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi). However, viral myocarditis and subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy is still a challenging disease to diagnose and to treat and is therefore a significant public health issue globally. Advances in clinical examination and thorough molecular genetic analysis of intramyocardial viruses and their activation status have incrementally improved our understanding of molecular pathogenesis and pathophysiology of viral infections of the heart muscle. To date, several cardiotropic viruses have been implicated as causes of myocarditis and DCMi. These include, among others, classical cardiotropic enteroviruses (Coxsackieviruses B), the most commonly detected parvovirus B19, and human herpes virus 6. A newcomer is the respiratory virus that has triggered the worst pandemic in a century, SARS-CoV-2, whose involvement and impact in viral cardiovascular disease is under scrutiny. Despite extensive research into the pathomechanisms of viral infections of the cardiovascular system, our knowledge regarding their treatment and management is still incomplete. Accordingly, in this review, we aim to explore and summarize the current knowledge and available evidence on viral infections of the heart. We focus on diagnostics, clinical relevance and cardiovascular consequences, pathophysiology, and current and novel treatment strategies.
HBFP: a new repository for human body fluid proteome
Authors: Shao Dan , Huang Lan , Wang Yan , Cui Xueteng , Li Yufei , Wang Yao , Ma Qin , Du Wei , Cui Juan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Body fluid proteome has been intensively studied as a primary source for disease biomarker discovery. Using advanced proteomics technologies, early research success has resulted in increasingly accumulated proteins detected in different body fluids, among which many are promising biomarkers. However, despite a handful of small-scale and specific data resources, current research is clearly lacking effort compiling published body fluid proteins into a centralized and sustainable repository that can provide users with systematic analytic tools. In this study, we developed a new database of human body fluid proteome (HBFP) that focuses on experimentally validated proteome in 17 types of human body fluids. The current database archives 11 827 unique proteins reported by 164 scientific publications, with a maximal false discovery rate of 0.01 on both the peptide and protein levels since 2001, and enables users to query, analyze and download protein entries with respect to each body fluid. Three unique features of this new system include the following: (i) the protein annotation page includes detailed abundance information based on relative qualitative measures of peptides reported in the original references, (ii) a new score is calculated on each reported protein to indicate the discovery confidence and (iii) HBFP catalogs 7354 proteins with at least two non-nested uniquely mapping peptides of nine amino acids according to the Human Proteome Project Data Interpretation Guidelines, while the remaining 4473 proteins have more than two unique peptides without given sequence information. As an important resource for human protein secretome, we anticipate that this new HBFP database can be a powerful tool that facilitates research in clinical proteomics and biomarker discovery.
Database URL: https://bmbl.bmi.osumc.edu/HBFP/
Deaf Students’ Translanguaging Practices in a Further Education College: Situating the Semiotic Repertoire in Social Interactions
Authors: Iturriaga Cristián , Young Alys 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFurther education (FE) colleges are the most usual postsecondary education destination for deaf young people in England. The role of college contexts in promoting deaf students’ learning warrants further exploration given the gaps in educational attainment common to deaf students and the potential for FE context to provide new and/or enhanced linguistic resources in comparison with school. The main research question is: How do deaf students’ translanguaging practices change according to the different contexts of interlocution in college? Translanguaging entails the flexible use of semiotic resources not bounded by named languages. This ethnographic study reports on five deaf college students’ translanguaging practices. Findings are presented under three moments of translanguaging: (1) translanguaging expanded, or deaf students widening their repertoires to engage in communication; (2) translanguaging restricted, or deaf students accommodating to their communicative partners’ needs; (3) translanguaging channeled, or the dominance of English countering the flexibility of translanguaging. It is argued that translanguaging should be promoted in whole classrooms. Otherwise, it will reinforce the dominance of hearing communication practices and hinder deaf students’ multilingual/multimodal repertoires.
Machine learning with D-dimer in the risk stratification for pulmonary embolism: a derivation and internal validation study
Authors: Villacorta Humberto , Pickering John W , Horiuchi Yu , Olim Moshe , Coyne Christopher , Maisel Alan S , Than Martin P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo develop a machine learning model to predict the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE).Methods and resultsWe undertook a derivation and internal validation study to develop a risk prediction model for use in patients being investigated for possible PE. The machine learning technique, generalized logistic regression using elastic net, was chosen following an assessment of seven machine learning techniques and on the basis that it optimized the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier score. Models were developed both with and without the addition of D-dimer. A total of 3347 patients were included in the study of whom, 219 (6.5%) had PE. Four clinical variables (O2 saturation, previous deep venous thrombosis or PE, immobilization or surgery, and alternative diagnosis equal or more likely than PE) plus D-dimer contributed to the machine learning models. The addition of D-dimer improved the AUC by 0.16 (95% confidence interval 0.13–0.19), from 0.73 to 0.89 (0.87–0.91) and decreased the Brier score by 14% (10–18%). More could be ruled out with a higher positive likelihood ratio than by the Wells score combined with D-dimer, revised Geneva score combined with D-dimer, or the Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria score. Machine learning with D-dimer maintained a low-false-negative rate at a true-negative rate of nearly 53%, which was better performance than any of the other alternatives.ConclusionA machine learning model outperformed traditional risk scores for the risk stratification of PE in the emergency department. However, external validation is needed.
Generalizability of randomized controlled trials in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Lim Yvonne Mei Fong , Molnar Megan , Vaartjes Ilonca , Savarese Gianluigi , Eijkemans Marinus J C , Uijl Alicia , Vradi Eleni , Suzart-Woischnik Kiliana , Brugts Jasper J , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , Blanc-Guillemaud Vanessa , Couvelard Fabrice , Baudier Claire , Dyszynski Tomasz , Waechter Sandra , Lund Lars H , Hoes Arno W , Tyl Benoit , Asselbergs Folkert W , Gerlinger Christoph , Grobbee Diederick E , Cronin Maureen , Koudstaal Stefan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Heart failure (HF) trials have stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, but limited data exist regarding generalizability of trials. We compared patient characteristics and outcomes between patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in trials and observational registries.

Methods and Results
Individual patient data for 16 922 patients from five randomized clinical trials and 46 914 patients from two HF registries were included. The registry patients were categorized into trial-eligible and non-eligible groups using the most commonly used inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 26 104 (56%) registry patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Unadjusted all-cause mortality rates at 1 year were lowest in the trial population (7%), followed by trial-eligible patients (12%) and trial-non-eligible registry patients (26%). After adjustment for age and sex, all-cause mortality rates were similar between trial participants and trial-eligible registry patients [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92–1.03] but cardiovascular mortality was higher in trial participants (SMR 1.19; 1.12–1.27). After full case-mix adjustment, the SMR for cardiovascular mortality remained higher in the trials at 1.28 (1.20–1.37) compared to RCT-eligible registry patients.

Conclusion
In contemporary HF registries, over half of HFrEF patients would have been eligible for trial enrolment. Crude clinical event rates were lower in the trials, but, after adjustment for case-mix, trial participants had similar rates of survival as registries. Despite this, they had about 30% higher cardiovascular mortality rates. Age and sex were the main drivers of differences in clinical outcomes between HF trials and observational HF registries.
Prognostic influence of a ground-glass opacity component in hypermetabolic lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hattori Aritoshi , Matsunaga Takeshi , Fukui Mariko , Takamochi Kazuya , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the oncological role of a ground-glass opacity (GGO) component in hypermetabolic lung adenocarcinoma with a high maximum standardized uptake value.

METHODS
Between 2008 and 2017, we retrospectively reviewed the data of surgically resected clinically node-negative lung adenocarcinomas with a hypermetabolic activity. Furthermore, they were classified based on the presence of GGO. The prognostic significance of a GGO in hypermetabolic tumours was evaluated using the Cox proportional-hazards model. The overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method using a log-rank test.

RESULTS
Of the 1134 surgically resected clinically node-negative lung adenocarcinoma, 603 cases with hypermetabolic activity (maximum standardized uptake value ≥3.0 mg/dl) were evaluated. Among them, there were 120 (20%) cases in the With GGO group and 483 (80%) in the Solid group. The 5-year OS of patients with hypermetabolic lung adenocarcinoma was significantly different between the With GGO and Solid groups (83.1% vs 59.4%, P &lt; 0.001). After stratifying by the presence of GGO, maximum standardized uptake value and maximum tumour size were independently significant prognosticators in the Solid group by multivariable analysis; however, no clinical factors were associated with survival among the With GGO group. The 5-year OS was favourable despite the solid component size among the With GGO group (T1a + T1b: 85.5%, T1c: 80.0%, T2a or more: 84.2%, P = 0.904). For the Solid group, survival diminished drastically with increasing tumour size (T1a + T1b: 68.7%, T1c: 62.8%, T2a or more: 48.0%, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma with GGO was favourable even in hypermetabolic tumours. Accordingly, the presence of GGO should be considered as an important parameter in the next clinical T classification.
Anatomical variations of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain: a review
Authors: Vanlommel Jens , Van Look Lawrence , Peetermans Maxime , Uyttebroek Leen , van Nassauw Luc , Van Schil Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is to provide a thorough overview of the anatomical variations of the upper thoracic sympathetic trunk to improve clinical results of upper thoracic sympathectomy. In addition, this study strives for standardization of future studies regarding the anatomy of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain.

METHODS
The Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords, alone or combined, regarding the anatomy of the thoracic sympathetic chain. The search was limited to studies performed in humans.

RESULTS
Fifteen studies were finally included. Cervicothoracic ganglion and nerve of Kuntz were present in 77% and 53%, respectively. The upper thoracic ganglia were predominantly located in their corresponding intercostal space with a relatively downwards shift at the lower thoracic levels. The right sympathetic trunk is prone to have more communicating rami then the left. The lower levels of ganglia tend to have more normal rami. No clear pattern was found concerning the presence of the ascending rami and there was a decrease in the number of descending rami as the chain runs caudally. The intercostal rami remain a rare anatomical variation.

CONCLUSIONS
This study presents an overview of the anatomy of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain. Its results may guide upper thoracic sympathectomy to improve clinical results. This review also provides a baseline for future studies on anatomical variations of the thoracic sympathetic trunk. More uniform reporting is necessary to compare different anatomical studies.
Women who breastfeed exhibit cognitive benefits after age 50
Authors: Fox Molly , Siddarth Prabha , Oughli Hanadi Ajam , Nguyen Sarah A , Milillo Michaela M , Aguilar Yesenia , Ercoli Linda , Lavretsky Helen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesWomen who breastfeed may experience long-term benefits for their health in addition to the more widely appreciated effects on the breastfed child. Breastfeeding may induce long-term effects on biopsychosocial systems implicated in brain health. Also, due to diminished breastfeeding in the postindustrial era, it is important to understand the lifespan implications of breastfeeding for surmising maternal phenotypes in our species’ collective past. Here, we assess how women’s breastfeeding history relates to postmenopausal cognitive performance.MethodologyA convenience sample of Southern California women age 50+ was recruited via two clinical trials, completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and answered a questionnaire about reproductive life history. General linear models examined whether cognitive domain scores were associated with breastfeeding in depressed and non-depressed women, controlling for age, education and ethnicity.ResultsWomen who breastfed exhibited superior performance in the domains of Learning, Delayed Recall, Executive Functioning and Processing Speed compared to women who did not breastfeed (P-values 0.0003–0.015). These four domains remained significant in analyses limited to non-depressed and parous subsets of the cohort. Among those depressed, only Executive Functioning and Processing Speed were positively associated with breastfeeding.Conclusions and implicationsWe add to the growing list of lifespan health correlates of breastfeeding for women’s health, such as the lower risk of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. We surmise that women’s postmenopausal cognitive competence may have been greater in past environments in which breastfeeding was more prevalent, bolstering the possibility that postmenopausal longevity may have been adaptive across human evolutionary history.Lay SummaryBreastfeeding may affect women’s cognitive performance. Breastfeeding’s biological effects and psychosocial effects, such as improved stress regulation, could exert long-term benefits for the mother’s brain. We found that women who breastfed performed better on a series of cognitive tests in later life compared to women who did not breastfeed.
Food Banks and Retail Markups
Authors: Lowrey John D , Richards Timothy J , Hamilton Stephen F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Food banks play a critical part in the food distribution system. In this paper, we examine the impact of food bank donations on retailer markups using data on donations and store-level productivity. We frame our empirical model of food bank donations and store-level markups as an example of quality-based price discrimination and find that stores that donate more food to the local food bank are able to charge higher markups—33% higher—after controlling for the well-known endogeneity problems. Our findings suggest that donations are not just charitable gestures by retailers but are in their own self-interests.