bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional perceptions of emotional, social, and ethical effects of multidrug-resistant organisms: A qualitative study
Authors: Bushuven Stefan , Dettenkofer Markus , Dietz Andreas , Bushuven Stefanie , Dierenbach Petra , Inthorn Julia , Beiner Matthias , Langer Thorsten 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionMulti-drug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are usually managed by separating the infected patients to protect others from colonization and infection. Isolation precautions are associated with negative experiences by patients and their relatives, while hospital staff experience a heavier workload and their own emotional reactions.MethodsIn 2018, 35 participants (nurses, physicians, pharmacists) in an antimicrobial-stewardship program participated in facilitated discussion groups working on the emotional impact of MDRO. Deductive codings were done by four coders focusing on the five basic emotions described by Paul Ekmans.ResultsAll five emotions revealed four to 11 codes forming several subthemes: Anger is expressed because of incompetence, workflow-impairment and lack of knowledge. Anxiety is provoked by inadequate knowledge, guilt, isolation, bad prognoses, and media-related effects. Enjoyment is seldom. Sadness is experienced in terms of helplessness and second-victim effects. Disgust is attributed to shame and bad associations, but on the other hand MDROs seem to be part of everyday life. Deductive coding yielded additional codes for bioethics and the Calgary Family Assessment Method.ConclusionMDRO are perceived to have severe impact on emotions and may affect bioethical and family psychological issues. Thus, further work should concentrate on these findings to generate a holistic view of MDRO on human life and social systems.
Gender in Post-9/11 American Apocalyptic TV: Representations of Masculinity and Femininity at the End of the World, Eve Bennett (2019)
Authors: Sprouse Miranda A. 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Gender in Post-9/11 American Apocalyptic TV: Representations of Masculinity and Femininity at the End of the World, Eve Bennett (2019)
New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 232pp.,
ISBN: 9781501331084 (hbk), $108.00,
ISBN: 9781501331107 (EPUB ebk), $86.40,
ISBN: 9781501331091 (PDF ebk), $86.40
Sofia Coppola: The Politics of Visual Pleasure, Anna Backman Rogers (2019)
Authors: Sprouse Miranda A. 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Sofia Coppola: The Politics of Visual Pleasure, Anna Backman Rogers (2019)
New York: Berghahn Books, 200pp.,
ISBN: 9781785339660 (ebk), $27.95,
ISBN: 9781785339653 (hbk), $150.00,
ISBN: 9781785339752 (pbk), $27.95
COVID-19 Pandemic at the Intersection of Ebola, Global Leadership, and the Opportunity to Decolonize the Political Economy of Sierra Leone
Authors: N’jai Alhaji U. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has so far not resulted in apocalyptic deaths in Sierra Leone or other countries in the subregion, despite an exponential rise in positive cases. Western views of massive COVID-19-related deaths in Africa have largely come from colonialism and the long-held Western narratives of Africa as the continent of poverty, disease, backwardness, weak health-care infrastructure, and dependent bodies in need of foreign aid and “white” saviors. Sierra Leone was among the last of the African countries to record the COVID-19 disease, and along with Liberia and Guinea have a powerful Ebola experience that few countries in the world enjoyed. Yet, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed serious weaknesses in its epidemic preparedness, health-care infrastructure, public health system, and the overall political economy. Why then have Sierra Leone and the Mano River Union (MRU) countries with Ebola experience not displayed global leadership in the face of the global pandemic? This article argues that the ineffective response to the COVID-19 epidemic in Sierra Leone, despite the country’s huge Ebola experience, may be linked to an entanglement among social, economic, and political factors within the political economy and deep, dense structural distal factors of slavery, colonialism, neocolonialism, and economic and cultural dependencies. These distal factors have largely dictated the approach and modelling of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone and other MRU countries.
JEJAK ISLAM DI TANAH KESULTANAN BUTON
Authors: Rijaal Muhammad Khaerun 
Published: February 2021

The traces of Islam in the region of Buton Sultanate are rarely described by historians and preacher. This paper aims to explore the history of Islam in Buton. This article is result of a qualitative research with historical approach. The study found that the traces of Islam in the land of the Buton Sultanate can be known about the entry of Islamic teachings in the Buton which is able to change its system of government from a kingdom to a sultanate and also the traces of Islam left behind can continue through educational institutions. This was influenced by one of the figures who was very influential in the process of Islamization in the Buton Sultanate. Jejak islam yang berada di tanah kesultanan buton jarang untuk diketahui oleh sebagian ahli sejarawan yang berkecimpung didunia sejarah dan juga dakwah. Hal ini yang membuat penulis untuk memaparkan history mengenai jejak islam yang ada di tanah buton. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian jenis kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi history sehingga jejak islam ditanah kesultanan buton bisa diketahui tentang masuknya ajaran islam yang ada ditanah buton yang mampu merubah sistem pemerintahannya dari kerajaan menjadi sebuah kesultanan dan juga jejak islam yang ditinggalkan dapat terus berlanjut melalui lembaga pendidikan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh salah satu tokoh yang sangat berpengaruh dalam proses islamisasi di tanah kesultanan buton
Food Culture Integration in Menu Plan for a Sustainable Homestay Business
Authors: PUSIRAN Arif Kamisan , JANIN Yuzainy , MARZUKI Kamarul Mizal , BOONYANMETHAPORN Watsida 
Published: February 2021

Other than providing overnight stays and local activities, the provision of food and beverage is an important aspect in the homestay business. The food and beverage aspect of a homestay has the potential of being a crucial contributing factor towards a guest’s experience whilst ensuring optimal monetary return to the homestay operators. This paper presents the findings on meal offerings provided by four homestay operators at Mantanani Island, an island off the Kota Belud coast of Sabah. This study also highlights the importance of food as an element of local culture and as an expression of the history, habits and traditions of a community. Discussions are pinned on rationalising the differences in meal offerings among operators and how this would implicate the operators’ profit margins, as well as how the local culture reflects the menu offered by the homestay participants. Finally, recommendations for improvement on meal plans are proposed to enhance the economic benefits of these operators without compromising guest experience
Streptococcus infantarius 25124 isolated from pozol produces a high molecular weight amylopullulanase, a key enzyme for niche colonization
Authors: Rodríguez-Saavedra Carolina , Rodríguez-Sanoja Romina , Guillén Daniel , Wacher Carmen , Díaz-Ruiz Gloria 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pozol is a beverage made with maize dough that is prepared after boiling the kernels in limewater, causing a decrease in soluble sugars, with starch being the main fermentable carbohydrate in the dough. Previously, Streptococcus infantarius ssp. infantarius 25124 (Sii-25124) was identified as the most amylolytic bacteria isolated in this product. Analysis of Sii-25124 amylolytic enzymes revealed two amylases, a cytoplasmic α-amylase of 55.7 kDa and an extracellular amylopullulanase of 246.3 kDa, with two catalytic domains, one typical of an α-amylase and another typical of a pullulanase/glycogen debranching enzyme. Characterization of the joint activity of both enzymes using Sii-25124 cell lysate supernatant demonstrated stability between 30 °C and 45°C, and pH stability in a range between 6.8 and 8.0. The joint activity of Sii-25124 amylases showed a fast production of reducing sugars when starch was used as the substrate. In contrast, reducing sugar production from amylopectin was lower, but it steadily increased throughout the reaction time. The amylopullulanase produced by Sii-25124 hydrolyzes the starch in the dough to produce low molecular weight oligosaccharides, which may be transported into Sii-25124 cells, so that intracellular α-amylase hydrolyzes them to mono- and disaccharides. Amylopullulanase production by Sii-25124 could be an example of a specialized enzyme that successfully dominates starchy food fermentation.
Good Co(o)p or Bad Co(o)p? Redistribution Concerns and Competition in Credit Markets with Imperfect Information
Authors: D’Amato Marcello , Di Pietro Christian , Pietroluongo Mariafortuna , Sorge Marco M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-profit organizations (NPOs), such as financial cooperatives, have a longstanding tradition in advanced market economies. We develop a model of ‘mixed credit markets’ where pure for-profit institutions (e.g. commercial banks) can coexist with financial NPOs which feature a concern for inter-member surplus redistribution (e.g. credit cooperatives) and enjoy privileged borrower-specific information vis-à-vis their for-profit peers, while facing higher funding costs. We formally investigate market competition between the two alternative financial organizations both offering contracts whose terms entail cross subsidization. We argue that heterogeneity in organizational models can explain stable coexistence under competitive conditions, and also help us interpret the variety of market outcomes — in terms of e.g. overall coverage and market shares — as documented in modern financial systems. Importantly, the viability of redistribution-oriented NPOs is shown not to rest on under-investment issues or concerns about market power, for they can successfully operate in markets where credit rationing never arises.
Evaluation of the Benefits of Implementing a Smart Pedestrian Network System
Authors: Papageorgiou George , Ioannou Anastasia , Maimaris Athanasios , Ness Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and recent advancements in Computer Science can serve as a catalyst for promoting sustainable means of transport. Through ICT applications, active mobility can be promoted and established as a viable transport mode. This can be achieved by providing relevant information for fostering social capital and promoting physical activity, thus contributing to a higher quality of life. Further, active mobility can greatly contribute to reducing air pollution and improving health status. For this purpose, the implementation of a Smart Pedestrian Network (SPN) information system is proposed. Such an implementation requires the collaboration of various stakeholders including the public, local authorities and local businesses. To convince stake-holders of the viability of implementing SPN, the benefits of active mobility should be clear. This paper proposes a framework to quantify active mobility benefits so that stake-holders can assess the investment that can be realized from implementing SPN. The proposed framework makes use of quantifying benefits in various market conditions. The benefits are shown to be significant and very much in favor of investing in technology and implementing the envisioned SPN system.
A Strategic Approach for implementing A Smart Pedestrian Network (SPN) System
Authors: Papageorgiou George , Ioannou Anastasia , Maimaris Athanasios , Ness Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a strategic approach for implementing a Smart Pedestrian Network (SPN) navigation System that is geared towards promoting sustainable mobility. The SPN system is being designed to reach multiple market segments by providing information on suitable walking routes aiming to satisfy potential users’ needs, but also multiple stakeholder demands. The paper presents the main objectives of the SPN system as well as its system structure, application features, functions, and relevant data sources. The proposed strategic implementation framework deems necessary for scaling up so that the SPN system is successfully implemented in a variety of urban conditions. The framework emphasizes the element of adaptability, so that SPN can be adjusted where and when necessary, to deal with a variety of contexts and specific sustainable mobility issues, depending on the particular municipality conditions. The proposed framework combines elements of both the waterfall and agile software development methods, as well as, aspects of Open Innovation, Customer Involvement and Co-Creation taking a multiple stakeholder approach.
Optimization of a k-covering of a bounded set with circles of two given radii
Authors: Khorkov Alexander V. , Galiev Shamil I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A numerical method for investigating k-coverings of a convex bounded set with circles of two given radii is proposed. Cases with constraints on the distances between the covering circle centers are considered. An algorithm for finding an approximate number of such circles and the arrangement of their centers is described. For certain specific cases, approximate lower bounds of the density of the k-covering of the given domain are found. We use either 0–1 linear programming or general integer linear programming models. Numerical results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methods are presented.
The complex dynamics of adaptive teaching: observing teacher-student interaction in the language classroom
Authors: Smit Nienke , van Dijk Marijn , de Bot Kees , Lowie Wander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Real-time verbal interactions between foreign language teachers and their students are of vital importance for language development, but classroom interactions are also multi-faceted and complex. The way a teacher understands and responds to learner utterances can be a powerful pedagogical strategy to scaffold learner language development. In this paper we present the Questions and Answers in English Language Teaching coding scheme which can be used to observe and describe the dynamics of teacher questions and student responses in language classrooms. We piloted the instrument in English as a foreign language lessons of four experienced teachers teaching 16 lessons in total. State Space Grids were used to visualize classroom dynamics and quantify intra-individual variability of each lesson. The results show that interactions between teachers and students have the tendency to self-organize and stabilize in one specific area of the grid. Lessons taught by three of the teachers revealed a dominant pattern formed by closed questions and short student responses. One teacher taught lessons in which more complex question and answer sequences were prevalent. These patterns of variability and stability show that teacher-student interactions have the properties of a shallow attractor state. The analysis of moment-to-moment turns in classroom interaction indicate that students in this study generally adapt their response to the level of teacher questions, but that teachers do not seem to adapt their questions to the level of the previous student answer. This suggests that, even for experienced teachers, scaffolding and adaptive teaching might be easier said than done.
Brain MRIs may be of low value in most children diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Schmitt Jessica , Thornton Paul , Shah Avni N. , Rahman A. K. M. Falzur , Kubota Elizabeth , Rizzuto Patrick , Gupta Anshu , Orsdemir Sena , Kaplowitz Paul B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Brain MRIs are considered essential in the evaluation of children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), but there is uncertainty about the appropriate cut-off for diagnosis of GHD and little data about the yield of significant abnormal findings in patients with peak growth hormone (GH) of 7–10 ng/mL. We aimed to assess the frequency of pathogenic MRIs and associated risk factors in relation to peak GH concentrations.

Methods
In this retrospective multicenter study, charts of patients diagnosed with GHD who subsequently had a brain MRI were reviewed. MRIs findings were categorized as normal, incidental, of uncertain significance, or pathogenic (pituitary hypoplasia, small stalk and/or ectopic posterior pituitary and tumors). Charges for brain MRIs and sedation were collected.

Results
In 499 patients, 68.1% had normal MRIs, 18.2% had incidental findings, 6.6% had uncertain findings, and 7.0% had pathogenic MRIs. Those with peak GH<3 ng/mL had the highest frequency of pathogenic MRIs (23%). Only three of 194 patients (1.5%) with peak GH 7–10 ng/mL had pathogenic MRIs, none of which altered management. Two patients (0.4%) with central hypothyroidism and peak GH<4 ng/mL had craniopharyngioma.

Conclusions
Pathogenic MRIs were uncommon in patients diagnosed with GHD except in the group with peak GH<3 ng/mL. There was a high frequency of incidental findings which often resulted in referrals to neurosurgery and repeat MRIs. Given the high cost of brain MRIs, their routine use in patients diagnosed with isolated GHD, especially patients with peak GH of 7–10 ng/mL, should be reconsidered.
Evaluation of Hemoglobin A1c before and after initiation of continuous glucose monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gurnurkar Shilpa , Owens Lindsey , Chalise Sweta , Vyas Neha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The development of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems has allowed for identification of blood sugar variations and trends in real-time that is not feasible with conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose. However, there is inconsistent data to show that the use of CGM leads to better glycemic control as measured by Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our study aimed to compare the average HbA1c level in the 1–2 years prior to starting a CGM to the average HbA1c level in the 1–2 years immediately following CGM initiation in a sample of 1–20 year olds with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
Participants were 90 youth (ages 1–20) followed for type 1 diabetes care at our institution who used a CGM for at least a 6 month time period. We performed a retrospective chart review to obtain up to four HbA1c values pre and post-CGM initiation each. We evaluated pre- and post-CGM initiation changes in mean HbA1c via dependent samples t-tests using IBM SPSS 24.0.

Results
The mean HbA1c was 8.7% pre-CGM and decreased to 8.27% 9–12 months after CGM initiation in the overall sample. A statistically significant decrease in HbA1c was seen in patients who used multiple daily injections (p=0.02), those with a pre-CGM HbA1c greater than 9% (p=0.01), and those with a diabetes duration of 5–10 years (p=0.02).

Conclusion
CGM use was associated with a decrease in HbA1c over time which was statistically significant in some subgroups.
Advance on the dispersion treatment of graphene oxide and the graphene oxide modified cement-based materials
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Huang Xiaochuan , Wu Yu-You , Deng Xiaowei , Zheng Zhoulian , Xu Zhong , Hui David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor the high demand for cement-based materials in buildings, improving the performance of cement-based materials has become the focus of relevant researchers. In recent years, nanomaterials have broad prospects in many fields such as architecture by virtue of their “lightweight, high strength, and strong solidity” characteristics. As a modifier of cement-based materials, it has also become a research hotspot. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most representative graphene-based nanomaterials. Because of its extremely high specific surface area and excellent physical properties, it has greatly improved the properties of cement-based materials. GO acts as an enhancer of cement composites that brings people unlimited imagination. The research progress of GO-modified cement-based materials is reviewed. The purpose is to point out the limitations of current research and provide a reference for later research. The dispersion treatment of GO and the properties of its modified cement-based materials are analyzed and summarized. In addition, the further research work that is needed and future development prospect are discussed.
Stereoselective organocatalysis and flow chemistry
Authors: Puglisi Alessandra , Rossi Sergio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Organic synthesis has traditionally been performed in batch. Continuous-flow chemistry was recently rediscovered as an enabling technology to be applied to the synthesis of organic molecules. Organocatalysis is a well-established methodology, especially for the preparation of enantioenriched compounds. In this chapter we discuss the use of chiral organocatalysts in continuous flow. After the classification of the different types of catalytic reactors, in Section 2, each class will be discussed with the most recent and significant examples reported in the literature. In Section 3 we discuss homogeneous stereoselective reactions in flow, with a look at the stereoselective organophotoredox transformations in flow. This research topic is emerging as one of the most powerful method to prepare enantioenriched products with structures that would otherwise be challenging to make. Section 4 describes the use of supported organocatalysts in flow chemistry. Part of the discussion will be devoted to the choice of the support. Examples of packed-bed, monolithic and inner-wall functionalized reactors will be introduced and discussed. We hope to give an overview of the potentialities of the combination of (supported) chiral organocatalysts and flow chemistry.
Non-radioactive imaging strategies for in vivo immune cell tracking
Authors: Kiraga Łukasz , Kucharzewska Paulina , Strzemecki Damian , Rygiel Tomasz P. , Król Magdalena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

In vivo tracking of administered cells chosen for specific disease treatment may be conducted by diagnostic imaging techniques preceded by cell labeling with special contrast agents. The most commonly used agents are those with radioactive properties, however their use in research is often impossible. This review paper focuses on the essential aspect of cell tracking with the exclusion of radioisotope tracers, therefore we compare application of different types of non-radioactive contrast agents (cell tracers), methods of cell labeling and application of various techniques for cell tracking, which are commonly used in preclinical or clinical studies. We discuss diagnostic imaging methods belonging to three groups: (1) Contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging, (2) Magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) Optical imaging. In addition, we present some interesting data from our own research on tracking immune cell with the use of discussed methods. Finally, we introduce an algorithm which may be useful for researchers planning leukocyte targeting studies, which may help to choose the appropriate cell type, contrast agent and diagnostic technique for particular disease study.