bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Cooling: A Geospatial Analysis in Cilegon City’s Urban Corridor
Authors: Asnawi Saryulis , Kurniawan Abhi , Tahier Galih Hafidzi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing urban heat island effect and rapid industrialization of cities present significant environmental, health, and social challenges. This study focuses on Cilegon City, an industrialized urban area characterized by a pronounced urban heat island effect. The research aims to analyze the prioritization of nature-based solutions (NBS) within the urban corridor of Cilegon City through spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA). The analysis integrates multiple factors: city strategic value using land use data, thermal comfort assessed via land surface temperature (LST) data, and health risk reduction by incorporating pollutant data such as NO2, SO2, and CO. The results are synthesized into a priority map categorizing areas into three classes: high priority, medium priority, and low priority for implementing nature-based solutions. This categorization aids in identifying priority areas for intervention, ultimately contributing to enhanced urban livability and resilience in Cilegon City. Based on these findings, this case study demonstrates the critical role of integrating technology and nature-based design in addressing urban environmental issues, offering a replicable model for other cities experiencing similar challenges.
Nature-based Solutions for Hydrometeorological Risk Reduction: The Challenges and Opportunities of Riparian Forest in Indonesia’s New Capital City
Authors: Yuanita Cecilia Nonifili , Sagala Saut , Zawani Hoferdy , Harahap William , Alam Kharis Aulia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As climate change intensifies the risk of hydrometeorological disasters, Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) are emerging as transformative solutions, especially in newly developing urban areas such as the New Capital City (Ibu Kota Nusantara/IKN). Riparian forests are a sustainable NbS strategy for disaster risk reduction and address the complexity of urban issues. However, its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as the absence of a policy framework and limited understanding. This study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities of implementing riparian forests as NbS to reduce hydrometeorological risk. A qualitative approach with descriptive analysis was used in this study to review relevant literature and map existing policies. The results of this study highlight how the implementation of riparian forests in IKN has potential, given the various benefits, the existing foundation of policies, and the urgency of increasing the risk of hazards in areas around riverbanks. Challenges to riparian forest management include rapid urbanisation leading to land conversion and forest fragmentation, weak policy and institutional frameworks, limited awareness and capacity, and land tenure issues. However, some opportunities can be optimised, such as providing riparian forest co-benefits, integration in spatial planning, collaborative and participatory approaches, and using advanced technology to monitor riparian forests. This study also indicates the urgency of integrated management of riparian forests to maintain their sustainability. This study serves as a recommendation for decision-makers in IKN to adopt riparian forests, with a focus on long-term benefits, community involvement, and multisectoral collaboration.
Estimating Carbon Stock Potential of Tectona grandis in Community Forests, Sungai Siring, East Kalimantan
Authors: Siswanto Hari , Utami Widia Sri , Ruslim Yosep , Monica Mei , Sari Diah Rakhmah , Herlambang Heru 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mitigating climate change is increasingly seen as a pressing global concern. The current climate change and global warming issues are leading to a growing demand for information and data on carbon. Forests are one of the biggest carbon sinks on the planet. Forests play a role in lowering the levels of CO2 in the air. Teak plantation forests are forests with teak trees that have a relatively long harvesting period (long rotation) so that the possibility of carbon components absorbed from the atmosphere will be stored large enough in plant tissue, teak plantation forests have ecological potential as carbon storage for a long time. Teak is a type of tree that grows quickly and has a large amount of biomass. Even though it is widely recognized that teak forests have the potential to store carbon, there is still limited information available on their carbon storage potential across different locations and environmental conditions. This study aims to calculate the average carbon stock and identify the most suitable allometric model for teak community forests in Sungai Siring Village. The study found that the mean carbon per hectare was 0.114 kg/ha, with the effective model utilizing the equation model B = 0.0143 (D)2.4686 using one independent variable. Where B (above-ground biomass) and D (diameter at the breast height). The equation has an RMSE value of 0.391 and an NRMSE value of 0.088, it has an accurate category because less than 10%.
Effectiveness of Several Concentrations of Meranti Wood Powder Liquid Smoke In Inhibiting the Growth of Curvularia sp In Vitro
Authors: Yusmar M , Zazri M , Ervina A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Curvularia sp. can cause leaf spots on oil palms. One alternative control is using liquid smoke from meranti sawdust. This research aims to obtain the best concentration of meranti sawdust liquid smoke which can control the growth of Curvularia sp. in vitro. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) with each treatment repeated 4 times, so there were 24 experimental units. Observation parameters include analysis of total phenol of liquid smoke, macroscopic, growth rate (cm/day) and inhibitory power (%) of Curvularia sp. The results of the research showed that the total phenol content was 3.95%. Meranti sawdust liquid smoke had an effect on the growth rate and colony inhibition of Curvularia sp. Meranti wood powder liquid smoke with the best treatment is a concentration of 2% which is very effective in inhibiting the growth of Curvularia sp. with 100% inhibition power and a growth rate of 0 cm/day.
Sustainable Urban Planning through Green Belt in IKN: A Literature Review
Authors: Hutahaean Michael , Sagala Saut , Subrata Sena Adi , Zawani Hoferdy , Insan Akhirul , Noer Ilham Setiawan , Wijaya Hadiyan , Putra Dekka Dhirgantara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid urbanisation of cities presents a significant challenge to biodiversity and ecological balance. A pertinent example is Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), Indonesia’s new capital city, which is poised for swift urban development. The area of IKN is part of Indonesia’s biodiversity hotspot and has a high level of endemicity. This study explores the implementation of a green belt in IKN, focusing on its potential to enhance sustainable urban planning. It draws comparative insights from successful global examples in cities like London, São Paulo, and Melbourne, highlighting how green belts help prevent urban sprawl while providing co-benefits such as supporting net zero initiatives and preserving natural habitats and biodiversity. Through a comprehensive review of policy frameworks, existing environmental conditions of IKN, and case studies, recommendations for green belt implementation are developed. These recommendations emphasise the need for strong governmental commitment, active community engagement, and the integration of advanced technological tools in the planning and management processes. The integration of a green belt is envisioned to transform IKN into a model of sustainable urban development, harmonizing urban growth with ecological preservation.
Hydrothermal Characterization of the Jazan Geothermal System, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Arrofi Daffa , Abu-Mahfouz Israa S. , Humphrey John D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Al Ardah region in Southwestern Saudi Arabia is known for its hot springs, indicating an active geothermal system. However, there is no established conceptual model to explain how this system works. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to understand the hydrothermal characteristics of the area and develop a conceptual model by integrating hydrochemical analyses with geological information. To achieve this, water samples were collected from the hot springs and analyzed in the laboratory using geochemical techniques. This analysis allowed us to characterize hydrothermal system and estimate the geothermal reservoir temperature. In addition, outcrop observations were collected near the hot springs and possible recharge areas to investigate fractures and potential pathways for fluid flow based on the orientation of open fractures (joints). Our findings indicate that the thermal waters are characterized by Na-Cl water, suggesting that the water is discharged from a significant depth of the reservoir. The estimated reservoir temperature ranges from 140°C to 180°C. The high levels of Li and Sr imply a strong interaction between the thermal water and the granitic rock. Furthermore, precipitation is found to be the primary source of recharge for this system. Based on our analysis of various elements, we believe the thermal water flows from the east to the west through joints and faults, indicating the recharge zone is in the eastern part of the hot spring area. This study greatly enhances the understanding of the Al Ardah geothermal system in Jazan by integrating hydrochemical analysis and structural geology observations.
Improving Reservoir Temperature Estimation of Medium-Temperature Geothermal System by Incorporating Mineral Equilibria Conditions into Geothermometric Approaches: A Case Study in the Kiejo Mbaka Field, Southwest Tanzania
Authors: Donald Kobare Nyora , Kashiwaya Koki , Koike Katsuaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The geothermometric characterization of medium to low-temperature geothermal fields plays a crucial role in geothermal resource assessment by providing estimates of subsurface temperatures based on the chemical compositions of thermal fluids. However, these methods are frequently challenged by mineral equilibria and secondary processes that occur at low temperatures as geothermal reservoir fluids rise to the surface. This study explores the intricacies of saturation indices as valuable indicators of mineral equilibrium, aiming to achieve a comprehensive understanding for accurately estimating geothermal reservoir reactions in a Na-K-HCO3-type water system in the Kiejo-Mbaka prospect. A total of 11 samples from thermal springs were collected for analytical analysis of the prospect, displaying temperatures ranging from 30 °C (low) to 64 °C (high) and exhibiting partial to immature equilibration. The reservoir temperature is estimated to range from 19.5 °C to >300 °C using classical geothermometry, suggesting the non-equilibrium state of the water samples. Simulation using PHREEQC in the temperature range of 65 °C to 175 °C indicates that saturation indices models quantify the degree of mineral equilibration with chalcedony, quartz, and chrysotile. Under these conditions, the reservoir temperature needs to be estimated through a chalcedony or quartz geothermometry. Thermodynamic uncertainties reveal oversaturation of calcite, aragonite, and dolomite minerals. Finally, a reservoir temperature of 135 ±20 °C was obtained from the multi-mineral saturation indices models. This estimate remains consistent until the final exploratory temperature gradient drilling test, ensuring the coherence of the findings for practical applications.
Enhancing Geothermal Drilling Efficiency with Stuck Pipe Machine Learning Application
Authors: Galih Pradana Fandika , Abdul Aziz Muhammad , Bhawika Putra Redha , Azzahra Nasution Darnisa , Reksalegora Sentanu W. , Zulfan  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Intensive geothermal drilling effort is essential to reach the Indonesian government’s target of 3,355 MWe by 2030. To reduce the overall risk of stuck pipe, a significant risk in drilling geothermal wells, innovation such as Stuck Pipe Machine Learning (SPML) was developed to support engineers’ ability to reduce potential problems during drilling and optimize the overall drilling operations. Literature studies were conducted before developing the application, followed by data collection from 80 geothermal wells in Indonesia. Ten drilling parameters were selected, cleaned, normalized, and prepared to model the Artificial Neural Network algorithm, which has the highest accuracy compared to other models. The algorithm was then trained and tested on 12 geothermal offset wells, where 70% of the data was used for training and the rest for testing. Then it was also tested using historical data (blind test) for three geothermal offset wells. After confirming the accuracy, the application was tested on real-time drilling, successfully identifying pre-stuck or anomaly conditions. Although the overall accuracy of the algorithm cannot be determined due to the absence of a stuck pipe, the machine learning model shows its effectiveness in detecting anomalies in the occurrence of stuck pipe incidents in geothermal drilling operations. The SPML application continues to be developed to optimize geothermal drilling in Indonesia.
Failing to Treat Persons as Individuals
Authors: Beeghly Erin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the claim that wrongful stereotyping fails to treat persons as individuals. It begins with an observation: judging persons by group membership is a fast way to form beliefs, expectations, and predictions. When people have the option to judge others in a more conscientious way but don’t take it, and end up stereotyping, those targeted have an ethical complaint at their fingertips. We all have a right—a moral right, the thought goes—to be treated as individuals. Stereotyping can violate this right. Not only have activists pressed this ethical objection (including those from the early homophile movement in the United States), but it has also been posited as “the wrong” of all stereotyping by philosopher Lawrence Blum. This chapter argues that the last claim is overblown. Only sometimes does wrongful stereotyping fail to treat persons as individuals. Thus, the wrong can at most play a limited role in the best theory of wrongful stereotyping. Moreover, its deeper ethical moorings and connection to power dynamics suggest that it should be fitted into such a theory via respect for persons or social equality.
Radical Pluralism
Authors: Beeghly Erin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter champions the normative complexity of stereotyping and argues for a novel solution to the puzzle of stereotyping. It begins with an observation: no “essence” of wrongful stereotyping has been found in this book, no single property or set of properties that all wrongful cases share. Nor can the wrongs of stereotyping be boiled down to an elegant number of two or three. Instead, attention to lived experience has revealed that stereotyping can be wrong—when it is—in many ways and for many reasons: because it is disrespectful, harmful, fails to treat persons as equals, undermines freedoms, and more. Furthermore, it is important to keep this list of wrongs open-ended. Exploring different ways of modeling normative complexity, it settles on a cluster theory. Readers discover a new, radically pluralistic theory of what’s morally wrong with stereotyping capable of recognizing normative complexity and the ways in which unjust social environments give rise to—and sustain—wrongful stereotyping. The chapter ends by sketching radical pluralism’s strengths as well as ways in which it could be developed in the future.
Conclusions
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This concluding chapter sums up the main normative findings of the book and considers some implications. The book’s core observation was that violent protesting can often be a form of protective and symbolic violence against complex, accumulative, and structural harms, and it developed a normative framework for assessing this response to injustice. The chapter highlights the implications that follow for oppressed citizens who consider deploying this response and for privileged citizens and policymakers who respond to the violence. Finally, the book addresses this question and also points to questions that flow from the analysis and to avenues for future research.
A Case of Congenital Fibular Hemimelia Associated with Skeletal and Non-skeletal Malformations
Authors: Manasra Mahmoud R , Farah Rahaf E , Farah Roua E , Yassin Sama S , Abuisneina Shadi A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Fibular hemimelia is a rare congenital abnormality where the fibula is either totally or partially absent. It can occur alone or alongside other skeletal malformations, and in very few cases, it may occur along with non-skeletal anomalies.

Case presentation
A 4-year-old female was diagnosed with unilateral right-sided fibular hemimelia, accompanied by limb shortening, a right-side ankle deformity, valgus foot, and three lateral rays that had been totally absent since the first week of birth. And she was incidentally diagnosed with spina bifida occulta at a 3-year-old age.

Discussion
Fibular hemimelia is most commonly unilateral and mostly affects the right side, leads to a limb-length discrepancy, and maybe comes as a symptom of a syndrome such as Foetus-Fibula-Ulna syndrome and so on. Risk factors include prenatal history, drugs, and no supplementation intake. Together, these elements could be a contributing factor to our condition. The congenital limb abnormalities may be discovered during pregnancy by sonography. If present, other investigations need to be done to differentiate the diagnosis. Treatment according to degree: mild, moderate, and severe cases.

Conclusion
In our case, the type 2 FH characteristic was shown by sonography, accompanied by limb shortening, lateral rays absent, and a non-skeletal anomaly (spina bifida). These anomalies very rarely come with each other at the same time. To the best of our knowledge, this case is exceptional in that fibular hemimelia are present at birth alongside spina bifida.
Outcomes with radiotherapy in multimodality treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumour thrombosis
Authors: Sahai Puja , Yadav Hanuman Prasad , Choudhury Ashok , Shasthry Saggere Muralikrishna , Jindal Ankur , Mall Aprajita , Mukund Amar , Patidar Yashwant , Bharadwaj Mangu Srinivas , Khangembam Bangkim Chandra , Kumar Guresh , Rastogi Archana , Pamecha Viniyendra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate outcomes with radiation therapy (RT) in multimodality treatment for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumour thrombosis (PVTT).

Methods
The present retrospective study included 24 patients without extrahepatic metastases. The patients had received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (n = 10) and systemic treatment (n = 14) before RT. The dose fractionation was 12-31.5 Gy in 3-7 fractions of 4-5 Gy to PVTT or PVTT plus the liver parenchymal tumour. All patients were advised systemic treatment with sorafenib, lenvatinib, or nivolumab after RT. After RT, patients had received TACE within 8 weeks (n = 2) or at 5-10 months (n = 3). Treatment response was evaluated as per mRECIST and PERCIST and Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed.

Results
The disease control rate in PVTT was 50% at 3 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 10.9 months (95% CI 0.74-21) for all patients. The 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year OS rates were 75%, 45.8%, 25%, and 12.5% respectively. The median OS was 30.4 months (95% CI 12.1-48.7) versus 18.1 months (0.00-38.8) with complete or partial response versus stable or progressive disease in PVTT (P = 0.036). Eleven patients had a decline in Child Pugh score of 2 or more points within 3 months after RT. One patient underwent live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and complete necrosis with no viable tumour was observed in the explant. The patient is cancer- and liver disease-free at 1 year after LDLT.

Conclusions
The present study showed benefit of radiotherapy with systemic therapy and TACE in patients with HCC with PVTT.

Advances in knowledge
Radiotherapy as part of the multimodality treatment offers the potential to improve disease control and survival in patients with HCC with PVTT.
Hemi-pericardial Agenesis Causing Myocardial Ischemia in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Miura Ken , Sato Wakana , Unuma Mayu , Watanabe Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Pericardial agenesis is one of the rarest cardiac anomalies, often asymptomatic, but in some cases cause chest symptoms and, in worst cases, fatal complication. We experienced a case of a pregnant woman with myocardial ischemia due to a pericardial agenesis.

Case summary
A 26-year-old woman who was 14 weeks pregnant visited our hospital complaining of chest pain in the left lateral decubitus position. Although she carefully avoided lying on her left side, chest pain suddenly developed when she was in a supine position at 34 weeks pregnant. An electrocardiogram taken at that time revealed ischemic changes, implying compression of the coronary vessels. As continuation of the pregnancy would thus be difficult, a cesarean section was successfully performed. A year after delivery, cardiac surgery was performed. The intraoperative findings revealed that the left pericardium was absent, and an edge of the right pericardium was located on the inferior surface of the heart. It was suspected that the myocardial ischemia was attributable to compression of the coronary artery by this edge. During surgery, this edge was removed.

Conclusion
In the present case, a patient with a previously asymptomatic hemi-pericardial agenesis was at risk of developing fatal myocardial ischemia due to pregnancy. Women who lack pericardia require special attention during pregnancy.
May Measurement Month 2022: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Sudan
Authors: Abukaraig Egbal A B , Beaney Thomas , Kerr Gabriele , Poulter Neil R , Beheiry Hind , Daoud Maha E H , Mohamed Deena A A , Ahmed Omer I O , Mohamed Yasir H A , Elhassan Ibrahim A , Ali Ibtisam A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign was carried out in Sudan in 2022 with the aim of raising awareness of raised blood pressure (BP). Here, we report on the findings of the campaign.
Adults aged ≥ 18 years were recruited opportunistically at the community spaces and educational institutes. Three seated BP readings were taken for each participant, along with completing a questionnaire on demographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or being on antihypertensive medication. Controlled BP was described as being on antihypertensive medication with a BP &lt;140/90 mmHg. Multiple imputation was used to estimate any missing BP readings. In total, 16 051 were screened with a mean age of 37.5 ± 15.9 years and 57.7% of them were females. Of all screened participants, 4604 (28.7%) had hypertension, of whom 2038 (44.27%) were aware of being hypertensive, and 1864 (40.5%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on antihypertensive medication, 808 (43.3%) had controlled BP, and of all participants with hypertension, 17.5% had controlled BP. Only 6960 (43.4%) of the total participants had their BP measured within the last 12 months.
The MMM campaign in Sudan identified a high percentage of significant numbers of participants with either untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. The previously diagnosed cases were a small proportion of the disease load, a situation that deserves extensive efforts of awareness-raising campaigns and community screening.