bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Intelligence Versus Vibration Analysis for Early-Stage Diagnosis of Electric Submersible Pumps
Authors: Badkoubeh Amir , E. Trevisan Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the condition monitoring based on electric signature analysis for electric submersible pumps (ESPs) as introduced in our previous paper, SPE-201169-MS. While an ESP core physical concept is similar to other rotary electric machinery, they have unique features which make their selection, installation and operation different than typical rotating equipment applications. For the purpose of this study, a scale-down ESP system and flow loop was utilized to replicate an actual ESP application. Condition monitoring of the ESP was completed with mechanically and electrically induced vibrations and compare the results vis-à-vis those obtained by a common vibration analysis method. Furthermore, by running the ESP at various operation points, we show how the mechanical and electrical efficiency of the pump, induction motor and variable frequency drive are intertwined. This observation may suggest an interesting insight for further discussion on ESP optimization.
SAGD ESP Intake Design Improvement
Authors: Zhong Frank , Keough Patrick , Martel Kjellb , Delaloye Richard , Goulet Curtis , Coates Bryan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the major challenges in SAGD Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) operation is produced water flashing to steam when flowing pressure loss is significant, such as at an ESP intake.
"Bottom Feeder" style intakes are a standard SAGD ESP intake which has been applied in the SAGD industry for over a decade. However,it was identified in recent years at ConocoPhillips's (CPC) Surmont Oilsands operations that Bottom Feeder intakes can lead to steam flashing in pump at the right conditions. The flashed steam causes significant cavitation in pump, which in turn causes severe motor load chattering. Further to that, steam locking in the pump can occur, which is called a "no flow event" (NFE) in the SAGD industry.
ConocoPhillips and Baker Hughes have been working together to optimize SAGD ESPs by utilizing an integral intake to minimize the pressure loss across the intake ports. This would also streamline the connection between intake and pump housing to minimize pressure loss at these intake flow paths.
The improved design has been tested in Surmont successfully, and the integral intake has become an optional intake to be applied in the well cases where steam flashing has been known to cause operation interruptions or ESP damages.
This paper will review the process undertaken by CPC and Baker Hughes to study the ESP performance with the bottom feeder intake in comparison to the ESP performance with an integral intake.Design and field data will be presented and reviewed to highlight the performance of each system.
ESP Field Operational Score – A Unified Approach to ESP Performance Benchmarking
Authors: Al-Jazzaf Abdulla M. , Abdal Abdulaziz A. , Shehab Abdulaziz , Al-Maqsseed Nora H. , Gorlov Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) contribute over 60% of the Kuwait's oil production from 2,500 ESPs. Past efforts in benchmarking ESP performance were based on single metric reporting such as run life, reliability, failure rates and downtime reported separately resulting in often contradictory results. The Field Operational Score (FOS) was developed as a more holistic and integrated approach in measuring ESP performance answering questions such as how often do downtime event occur and how long do they last? How fast can we identify a trip and restart production? How many days will an ESP operate before failing and how likely will it prematurely fail? The FOS enables a unified and well-rounded approach to measuring ESP operational performance which includes factors often overlooked in ESP benchmarking.
The FOS metrics include production downtime (ESP and Non-ESP related), trips, response time, premature failure rate, run life, data quality and entry time. Each of these metrics has been assigned a unique weightage and when combined result in a performance score reflecting the operational performance of individual ESPs. The FOS for each ESP is based on the previous fiscal year performance against the accumulative current fiscal year performance with an expected improvement of 5%. Once calculated, the score highlights areas of improvement and deterioration in ESP operations. When grouping multiple ESPs, the FOS is the summation of the individual ESP's KPIs resulting in the combined score of a cluster of ESPs. The FOS clusters are embedded into the field operational staff hierarchy ensuring that a fair and balanced benchmark is applied to all related staff such as Team leaders (500 – 1000 ESPs), senior engineers (150-250 ESPs), and field engineers (50 – 100 ESPs).
By linking field staff KPIs directly to their ESP cluster performance, more proactive and effective efforts were exerted by the field staff towards ensuring optimum ESP operations. The FOS enabled management staff to become more involved in individual well performance as opposed to previous dependency on individual engineer efforts. As a result of the routine FOS, multiple operational enhancements were adapted such as increasing the SCADA connectivity for ESPs, more effective troubleshooting procedures, proactive ESP monitoring, and targeted ESP intervention. Although targeted at 5%, the improvement in the last fiscal year was upwards of 15% with each metric outperforming its' previous fiscal year's performance. By assigning each ESP its own KPI, targeted intervention is enabled allowing the field staff to quickly identify weak performing ESPs and improve its performance. The application of detailed benchmarking has shown to guide both ESP field staff and management towards identifying individual weak performing ESPs per metric, unifying performance into a single operational score, and focuses on improving the overall performance of ESP operations.
Origin and evolution of the Yangtze River reconstructed from the largest molecular phylogeny of Cyprinidae
Authors: Chen Feng , Xue Ge , Wang Yeke , Zhang Hucai , Clift Peter D. , He Jun , Chen Jun , Xie Ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia, but its evolutionary history has long been debated. So far no robust biological evidences can be found to crack this mystery. Here we reconstruct spatiotemporal and diversification dynamics of endemic East Asian cyprinids based on a largest molecular phylogeny of Cyprinidae, including 1420 species, and show that their ancestors laying adhesive eggs were distributed in southern East Asia before ~24 Ma, subsequently dispersed to the Yangtze River to spawn semi-buoyant eggs at ~19 Ma. This indicates that the Yangtze River diverted eastward around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Some of these cyprinids evolved again into fishes producing adhesive eggs at ~13 Ma, together with a peaked net diversification rate, indicating that the river formed a potamo-lacustrine ecosystem during the Mid-Miocene. Our reconstruction of the history of the Yangtze River has higher time resolution and much better continuity than those deriving from geological studies.
Extra-adrenal Non-functioning Paraganglioma – A Diagnostic and Surgical Challenge
Authors: Yelamanchi Raghav , Gupta Nikhil , M Mahesh Daima , Durga C K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Paragangliomas are rare neoplasms arising from the neuroendocrine cells. Extra-adrenal paragangliomas arise from the neuroendocrine cells spread in the retroperitoneum from the skull base to the retroperitoneum and sacrum. Non-functioning paragangliomas are a diagnostic challenge as they are clinically silent and attain large size. The clinical implication of these non-functioning paragangliomas is the greater metastatic potential of extra adrenal paraganglioma (20–42%) when compared to adrenal paraganglioma. We report a very rare case of a 60-year lady who presented with abdominal heaviness and retroperitoneal lump. Imaging was suggestive of a retroperitoneal tumor. Serum chromogranin A level was elevated with normal catecholamine levels. The tumor was resected along with metastasectomy of isolated liver metastasis. The patient has no recurrence or metastasis at one year of follow-up. To conclude paraganglioma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all retroperitoneal tumors. Serum chromogranin A levels and plasma metanephrines should be routinely done for all retroperitoneal cases before planning for the biopsy of the lesion. Resection of the lesions should always be performed as per the oncological principles as pre-operative differentiation of benign and malignant lesions is difficult.
Synovial Sarcoma of the Cervical Spine: Case Report
Authors: Oliveira Nuno , Carvalho Sofia , Cunha Paulo , Nunes Joni , Varanda Pedro , Coutinho Paulo , Pereira Elso 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo describe a very rare case of Synovial Sarcoma affecting cervical spine vertebra.SS is a rare malignant and aggressive soft tissue tumour arising from mesenchymal cells. Primary bone origin SS is a much rarer entity that affects more commonly long bones. Ideal therapeutic strategy is yet to be defined due to very small number of cases reported so far.Case reportA 55-year-old male, construction worker, with no other relevant medical history presented with a progressive tetraparesis after recurring several times during a 4-week period to assistant physician and emergency department complaining about bilateral shoulder pain. Image studies revealed an osteolytic lesion centred on C4 vertebra with intracanalar and intraforaminal extension, causing neurologic compression. Patient was submitted to urgent surgical decompression intervention. C3 and C4 corpectomy and excisional biopsy followed by stabilization with C2-C5 arthrodesis.OutcomesNeurological deficits did not improve after surgery. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed phenotypical characteristics of a biphasic Synovial Sarcoma. Patient died 4 weeks after surgery due to a respiratory tract infection.DiscussionSS is a malignant rare and aggressive soft tissue tumour that usually affects young adults. Very few cases of primary bone SS affecting the spine are described in literature. Imaging studies may suggest the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma but definitive diagnosis can only be confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis.The rarity of these lesions demands high clinical suspicion for the diagnosis and due to the low number of cases reported ideal therapeutic strategy is yet to be defined.
Psychological Effects of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body Implantation in Patients with Impending Eye Atrophy
Authors: Shao Zheyi , Huang Chao , Zhang Ying , Li Shanshan , Wang Donglin , Wang Yu , Lin Huiru , Sun Xianyong , Zhou Fang , Li Jianqiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether the FCVB could help improve the mental health of patients with impending eye atrophy. Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent FCVB implantation from 2017 to 2019 were screened to take part in this retrospective study. The researchers used independent third parties to distribute questionnaires, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the interpersonal sensitivity part of the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) scale to score the patients' depression, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity before and after surgery. Finally, 52 responses were collected.Results: After FCVB implantation, patients had significantly better mental health and less depression, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity levels. Before FCVB implantation, 44.23% of patients with ocular trauma and retinal detachment were depressed, 48.08% were anxious, and 19.23% were sensitive to interpersonal communication. After FCVB implantation, 17.31% were depressed, 15.38% were anxious, and 9.62% were sensitive to interpersonal communication. However, baseline demographic and clinical data, such as age, gender, occupation, finance, pre-FCVB-implantation vision, number of surgeries before FCVB implantation, postoperative period length, and surgical satisfaction, had no significant effects on psychological scores of mental health before and after surgery (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Mental health (depression, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity) significantly improved in patients after FCVB implantation.
The Effects of Preoperative Alcohol, Tobacco, and Psychological Stress on Postoperative Complications: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Myoga Yoshinori , Manabe Haruhiko , Osaki Yoneatsu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Postoperative complications occur frequently, despite progress in anesthetic pharmacology and surgical techniques. Although habits, such as alcohol and tobacco use, and mental health have been studied individually as modifying factors, few studies have examined the relationship between multiple lifestyle choices and postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the associations between unhealthy lifestyle choices and postoperative complications.Methods: We included 730 patients who underwent surgery in our department between March 2015 and April 2016. Participants completed preoperative questionnaires, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and tests for psychological stress (6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Multivariable logistic analysis was used to analyze the association of preoperative drug dependence and psychological stress with postoperative complications.Results: Of the 721 cases analyzed, 461 (64%) were women. The median age of patients was 62 years (interquartile range: 48–71). At the time of surgical decision-making, 429 out of 710 respondents (60%) had a drinking habit, and 144 out of 693 respondents (21%) had a smoking habit during the preceding year. Seventy-nine patients had developed complications. Multivariable analysis revealed that old age (p = 0.020), psychological stress (p = 0.041), and longer anesthesia time (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with postoperative complications. Drinking or smoking variables were not associated with postoperative complications.Conclusions: Preoperative psychological stress, as evaluated with the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, is associated with the risk of postoperative complications.
Evolutionary Transition From Water to Land in Vertebrates Illuminated by Basal Ray-Finned Fish Vomeronasal Type 2 Receptor (OlfC) Genes
Authors: Zhang Zicong , Sakuma Atsuhiro , Kuraku Shigehiro , Nikaido Masato 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The vomeronasal type 2 receptor (V2R, also called OlfC) multigene family is found in a broad range of jawed vertebrates from cartilaginous fish to tetrapods. V2Rs encode receptors for food-related amino acids in teleost fish, whereas for peptide pheromones in mammals. In addition, V2Rs of teleost fish are phylogenetically distinct from those of tetrapods, implying a drastic change in the V2Rrepertoire during terrestrial adaptation. To understand the process of diversification of V2Rs in vertebrates from “fish-type” to “tetrapod-type”, we conducted an exhaustive search for V2Rs in cartilaginous fish (chimeras, sharks, and skates) and basal ray-finned fish (reedfish, sterlet, and spotted gar), and compared them with those of teleost, coelacanth, and tetrapods. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses on 1897V2Rs revealed that basal ray-finned fish possess unexpectedly higher number of V2Rs compared with cartilaginous fish, implying that V2Rgene repertoires expanded in the common ancestor of Osteichthyes. Furthermore, reedfish and sterlet possessed various V2Rs that belonged to both “fish-type” and “tetrapod-type”, suggesting that the common ancestor of Osteichthyes possess “tetrapod-type” V2Rs although they inhabited underwater environments. Thus, the unexpected diversity of V2Rs in basal ray-finned fish illuminates the process of how the osteichthyan ancestors adapt from water to land.
Anatomical and Functional Outcome of Epiretinal Membrane Peeling Surgery
Authors: GOSWAMI URMISH V , Y Gosai Jignesh , A Modi Pratik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to study the anatomical and functional outcome of epiretinal membrane peeling surgery by evaluating the visual outcomes, comparing the pre and post operative macular thickness and functional changes through electroretinogram.Methods: It is a non-randomized, open labelled, prospective study conducted in a tertiary eye care centre. The anatomical and functional outcome of epiretinal membrane peeling surgery was evaluated by comparing the preoperative BCVA, OCT and ERG with post operative results of the same, at 4 & 12 weeks after the surgery in 25 eyes. Results: There was a significant reduction in CFT (p ≤0.05) with marked improvement in vision on follow ups at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after removal of ERM with significant reduction in the macular edema. On post operative ERG, 18 (72%) patients showed global improvement in amplitudes and P1 implicit time as compared to their preoperative value while 2 (8%) patients showed global improvement in amplitude but there was still delay in P1 implicit time as similar to their preoperative value and 4 patients (16%) showed no improvement in global amplitude as well as in P1 implicit time.Conclusions: ERM peeling surgery in selected cases improves visual acuity significantly in majority of the patients. CFT and foveal architecture significantly improves with ERM peeling surgery which also explains the improvement in functional visual acuity. ERG interpretation goes along the improvement in best corrected visual acuity signifying improvement in functioning of macula.
Sleep-wakeup Scheduling Algorithm for Lifespan Maximization of Directional Sensor Networks: An Advanced Discrete Cuckoo Search Optimization Algorithm
Authors: shirvani Mirsaeid Hosseini 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Directional sensor networks are ad hoc networks which are utilized in different applications to monitor and coverage all of the specific targets in the observing fields permanently. These kinds of networks include several configurable directional sensors in which they can be adjusted in one the possible directions along with one of its adjustable ranges. Although the energy harvesting methodology is being applied for these battery-hungry applications, the battery management and network lifetime maximization is still a challenge. This paper formulates the expansion of directional sensor network lifespan to a discrete optimization problem. Several proposals were presented in literature to solve the stated problem, but majority of them are threatened to get stuck in local optimum and led low efficiency. To solve this combinatorial problem, an advanced discrete cuckoo search algorithm is designed and is called several times until the remaining battery associated to alive sensors do not let observe all targets. In each time, algorithm returns an efficient cover along with its activation time. A cover is a sub set of available sensors capable of monitoring all targets in the observing field. In the determined activation time, the sensors in the cover are scheduled in wakeup mode whereas others are set in sleep mode to save energy. Designing miscellaneous discrete walking around procedures makes to reach a good balance between exploration and exploitation in search space. The proposed algorithm has been tested in different scenarios to be evaluated. The simulation results in variety circumstances proves the superiority of the proposed algorithm is about 19.33%, 14.83%, 13.50%, and 5.33% in term of average lifespan improvement against H-MNLAR, ACOSC, GA, and HDPSO algorithms respectively.
The Mechanism of Iodine Enrichment in Groundwater from the North China Plain: Insight from Two Inland and Coastal Aquifer Sediment Boreholes
Authors: Xue Xiaobin , Xie Xianjun , Li Junxia , Wang Yuting , Wang Yanxin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As an element relevant to human health, iodine is highly worthy of researchers’ attention, especially the mechanism of iodine migration and enrichment in groundwater systems. A total of 43 groundwater, 1 seawater, 107 sediment and 111 pore water samples from two boreholes (toward to Bohai Sea: BT, HH) were collected along a groundwater flow path at the North China Plain to investigate hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater iodine. High iodine groundwater (> 100 µg/L) was characterized by Na-Cl type, with high TDS values (827-2,400 mg/L) and high Cl (110–705 mg/L) and Br (416-1,180 µg/L) concentrations, which may be related to marine influence. Borehole BT and HH had pore water I concentration ranges of 1.4–132 µg/L and 3.6–830 µg/L, with high level occurred near to coastline and corresponded to ancient transgression events. The results of sequential extraction of borehole sediments indicate that the fractions of sediment inorganic iodine were mainly consist of exchangeable, carbonate and Fe-oxides associated fractions. Fe-oxides associated iodine was the main occurrence state in borehole BT far from the coastline, but high exchangeable iodine fractions (up to 92% of total extracted iodine) were observed in a high salinity borehole HH located near Bohai Bay, corresponding to the occurrence of high iodine pore water and groundwater. The analysis of iodine species indicates that iodide with strong migration ability dominated high iodine groundwater, pore water and exchangeable sediment iodine, reflecting the occurrence of adsorption/desorption processes of iodine in groundwater system. High iodine groundwater and pore water exhibited iodine enrichment relative to Cl and Br, suggests that iodine adsorbed on sediment desorbed under suitable pH and high solution ionic strength and subsequently released to pore water and aquifers. Inverse geochemical modeling stressed that ion exchange play an important role in iodine enrichment of groundwater system.
The continuity of prime numbers can lead to even continuity
Authors: Ling Xie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
n continuous prime numbers can combine a group of continuous even numbers. If an adjacent prime number is followed, the even number will continue. For example, if we take prime number 3, we can get even number 6. If we follow an adjacent prime number 5, we can get even numbers by using 3 and 5: 6, 8 and 10. If a group of continuous prime numbers 3,5,7,11,... P, we can get a group of continuous even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n. Then if an adjacent prime number q is followed, the original group of even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n will be finitely extended to 2 (n + 1) or more adjacent even numbers. My purpose is to prove that the continuity of prime numbers will lead to even continuity as long as 2 (n + 1) can be extended. If the continuity of even numbers is discontinuous, it violates the Bertrand Chebyshev theorem of prime numbers. Because there are infinitely many prime numbers: 3, 5, 7, 11,... We can get infinitely many continuous even numbers: 6,8,10,12,...