bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Early vs. Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV-Infected Patients With Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Analysis in China
Authors: Zhao Ting , Xu Xiao-lei , Lu Yan-qiu , Liu Min , Yuan Jing , Nie Jing-Min , Yu Jian-Hua , Liu Shui-qing , Yang Tong-Tong , Zhou Guo-Qiang , Liu Jun , Qin Ying-Mei , Chen Hui , Harypursat Vijay , Chen Yao-Kai 
Published: November 2021

Background: The optimal timing for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) has not, as yet, been compellingly elucidated, as research data concerning mortality risk and the occurrence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in this population remains inconsistent and controversial.Method: The present multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted in China in patients who presented with confirmed HIV/CM, and who were ART-naïve. Subjects were randomized and stratified into either an early-ART group (ART initiated 2–5 weeks after initiation of antifungal therapy), or a deferred-ART group (ART initiated 5 weeks after initiation of antifungal therapy). Intention-to-treat, and per-protocol analyses of data for these groups were conducted for this study.Result: The probability of survival was found to not be statistically different between patients who started ART between 2–5 weeks of CM therapy initiation (14/47, 29.8%) vs. those initiating ART until 5 weeks after CM therapy initiation (10/55, 18.2%) (p = 0.144). However, initiating ART within 4 weeks after the diagnosis and antifungal treatment of CM resulted in a higher mortality compared with deferring ART initiation until 6 weeks (p = 0.042). The incidence of IRIS did not differ significantly between the early-ART group and the deferred-ART group (6.4 and 7.3%, respectively; p = 0.872). The percentage of patients with severe (grade 3 or 4) adverse events was high in both treatment arms (55.3% in the early-ART group and 41.8% in the deferred-ART group; p=0.183), and there were significantly more grade 4 adverse events in the early-ART group (20 vs. 13; p = 0.042).Conclusion: Although ART initiation from 2 to 5 weeks after initiation of antifungal therapy was not significantly associated with high cumulative mortality or IRIS event rates in HIV/CM patients compared with ART initiation 5 weeks after initiation of antifungal therapy, we found that initiating ART within 4 weeks after CM antifungal treatment resulted in a higher mortality compared with deferring ART initiation until 6 weeks. In addition, we observed that there were significantly more grade 4 adverse events in the early-ART group. Our results support the deferred initiation of ART in HIV-associated CM.Clinical Trials Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: ChiCTR1900021195.
Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma
Authors: Wang Jing , Xia Shu , Zhao Jing , Gong Chen , Xi Qingsong , Sun Wei 
Published: November 2021

Background: Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) belongs to a family of matricellular proteins; it was involved in embryo development, endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, integrin–matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Previous studies showed that the expression of SMOC1 was increased in some tumors. However, the prognostic value and the biological function of SMOC1 in tumor remain unclear.Methods: In this study, we explored the expression profile and prognostic value of SMOC1 in pan-cancers, especially glioma, via multiple databases, including Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive 2, PrognoScan, Kaplan–Meier plotter, and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database. Furthermore, LinkedOmics was used to identify the genes coexpressed with SMOC1 and to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and Gene Ontology analysis in low-grade glioma (LGG). Also, the Cancer Single-Cell State Atlas database was used to evaluate the correlation between SMOC1 expression and functional state activities in glioma cells. In addition, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and TISIDB databases were used to evaluate the correlations between SMOC1 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.Results: Compared with normal brain tissues, the expression of SMOC1 was increased in LGG tissues. The higher expression of SMOC1 was significantly correlated with better survival of LGG patients. Additionally, functional analyses showed that the SMOC1 coexpressed genes were inhibited in processes such as response to type I interferon and interferon-gamma, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, leukocyte migration, adaptive immune response, neutrophil-mediated immunity, T cell activation, and pathways including EMC–receptor interaction, Th17 cell differentiation, and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration in LGG. Moreover, the expression of SMOC1 was correlated with stemness, hypoxia, EMT, and metastasis of glioma cells. Additionally, the expression of SMOC1 expression was negatively correlated with levels of infiltrating B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and gene markers of most immune cells in LGG.Conclusion: Our results suggest that SMOC1 could be a potential biomarker to determine prognosis and might play a specific role in the tumor microenvironment of glioma, thereby influencing the development and progression of glioma. These findings provide some new insights for further investigation.
Association Between Myasthenia Gravis and Memory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Xiaoling , Zhou Yifei , Hua Jianian , Xue Qun 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The studies have produced contradictory results regarding the association between myasthenia gravis (MG) and cognitive function, especially for the cognitive domains of memory. This meta-analysis was dedicated to exploring the association between MG and memory, which was represented by the immediate recall and delayed recall.Methods: Using the random effects models, this study analyzed memory in MG based on data from the studies retrieved from four electronic databases from inception to February 2021. Disease severity was graded according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification. We defined ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) (MGFA Grade I) as Class I, mild, and moderate generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) (MGFA Grade IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb) as Class II.Results: In total, eight studies of 274 patients and 211 healthy controls were included. The significant associations were found between MG and memory. Compared with the healthy control group, the patients with MG performed significantly worse in the terms of immediate recall [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.65, 95% CI = −0.97 to −0.33, P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 64.1%] and delayed recall (SMD = −0.49, 95% CI = −0.88 to −0.1, P &lt; 0.05, I2 = 76.3%). Compared with the patients with Class I MG, those with Class II MG did not have significantly different scores in immediate recall (SMD = −0.07, 95% CI = −0.35 to 0.21, P = 0.614, I2 = 0%) and delayed recall (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = −0.29 to 1.55, P = 0.178, I2 = 87.9%).Conclusion: The patients with MG showed lower memory performance, such as both immediate and delayed recall ability. There was no association between the severity of MG and memory. Future studies should address whether these associations are casual and modifiable.
Exosomal lncRNA UCA1 Derived From Pancreatic Stellate Cells Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer via the SOCS3/EZH2 Axis
Authors: Chi Yuan , Xin He , Liu Zhaoyu 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivePancreatic cancer is associated with poor prognosis and dismal survival rates. This study aims to investigate roles of lncRNA UCA1-loaded exosomes secreted by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in Gemcitabine (Gem) resistance of pancreatic cancer under hypoxia, which involves the methylation of SOCS3 and EZH2 recruitment.MethodsThe exosomes were isolated from PSCs and hypoxic PSCs (HPSCs), and co-cultured with pancreatic cancer cells transduced with manipulated lncRNA UCA1, EZH2, and SOCS3. The interaction among lncRNA UCA1, EZH2, and SOCS3 was characterized by RIP and ChIP assays. Next, MTT assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining and Transwell assay were used to detect cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. Gem-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line (GemMIA-R3) was established, which was applied in a mouse xenograft model of pancreatic cancer, with MTT assay to determine Gem sensitivity.ResultsLncRNA UCA1 was highly expressed, while SOCS3 was poorly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. Hypoxia induced activation of PSCs and promoted release of exosomes. LncRNA UCA1 delivered by hypoxic PSC-derived exosomes (HPSC-EXO) regulated histone methylation level in SOCS3 gene region through recruitment of EZH2. In vitro and in vivo experimental results confirmed that lncRNA UCA1-loaded HPSC-EXO promoted malignant phenotypes, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted Gem resistance of pancreatic cancer cells as well as tumorigenesis in mice.ConclusionUnder hypoxic conditions, exosomes secreted by hypoxia-induced PSCs deliver lncRNA UCA1 into pancreatic cancer cells, where lncRNA UCA1 recruits EZH2 and regulates histone methylation level in SOCS3 gene region, thereby augmenting pancreatic cancer resistance to Gem.
Lifestyle Behaviors and Suicide-Related Behaviors in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2019 YRBS Data
Authors: Li Xiaozhi , Chi Guijun , Taylor Alyx , Chen Si-Tong , Memon Aamir R. , Zhang Yanjie , Song Yagang , Li Jinming , Luo Xun , Zou Liye 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the prevalence of lifestyle behaviors and suicide-related behaviors and the association between them using a nationally representative sample of adolescents from the USA.Methods: 13,677 high school students aged 14-18 years were included in this cross-sectional study. The research data were retrieved from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Survey in 2019. All data on age, sex, grade, race, physical activity, television time, fruit intake, and suicide-related behavior were self-reported by students. Logistic regression models were adopted to examine the association between lifestyle behaviors and the suicide-related behaviors.Results: Students who played video/computer games for ≥2 h had higher risk of suicide attempt (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.30-1.85). Daily sleep duration of ≤8 h was positively associated with considering a suicide attempt (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.62-2.43). In addition, participants who did not engage in any sport team were more likely to report considering a suicide attempt (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.24-1.81).Conclusion: This research suggests that some lifestyle behaviors (e.g., time for video or computer use, sleep duration, sports team participation, regular breakfast intake, and substance use) are associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior and ideation in high school students. To identify the specific effect of multiple lifestyle factors in influencing the risk of suicide-related behaviors in high school students, longitudinal studies are warranted in future.
Integrating the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior With the Stages of Change to Predict Exercise Among Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gao Min , Chen Ping , Sun Xinying , Feng XingLin , Fisher Edwin B. 
Published: November 2021

Background: There have been very limited prospective studies examining social-cognitive models within stages of behavior change in the exercise domain.Purpose: We examined the utility of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), incorporating self-identity and descriptive norm constructs, to predict exercise behavior across the stages of change, in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Data were obtained from a longitudinal study. Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to estimate the association between extended TPB constructs and exercise within different stages groups.Results: 647 individuals completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. The extended TPB model explained 8–15% variance of exercise behavior and 42–81% variance of exercise intention within three stages groups in the cross-sectional design. The extended TPB model explained 4%-13% variance of exercise behavior and 42–66% variance of exercise intention in the longitudinal design. Intention was significantly related to exercise behavior in the pre-action and action stages. Self-identity, perceived behavioral control and descriptive norms were stronger predictors of intention in different stages.Conclusion: Discontinuity patterns in the extended theory of planned behavior for the different stages groups were found. Intention was a significant predictor of exercise in the pre-action and action stages at 3 months.
Malignant Odontogenic Tumours: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature
Authors: Marin Constanza , Dave Manas , Hunter Keith D. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Malignant odontogenic tumours (MOTs) arise either de novo from the tooth forming tissues, their developmental residues or from existing odontogenic epithelial or mesenchymal neoplasms in the jaws. Their management requires extensive surgery due to their infiltrative nature and risk of metastasis. There is a need to understand the clinical and pathological features of MOTs to inform both treatment algorithms and prognostication. This is an area of diagnostic pathology which presents substantial difficulties in diagnosis, compounded by inconsistent use of terminology. Thus, this systematic review aimed to describe the clinical and pathological features of MOTs with a view to consolidating the literature and defining problematic areas in diagnosis and classification.Methods: An electronic database search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Embase. Additionally, the grey literature and reference lists of selected papers searched for completeness. Nine hundred and sixty articles were initially identified. Following removal of duplicates and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 312 articles were included for qualitative analysis.Results: The 312 articles encompassed a total of 507 patients with most lesions located within the mandible (74.3%). The most common first histological diagnosis was ameloblastic carcinoma (25.7% of all diagnoses), but there is considerable variation in how and when various diagnostic terms are used, and several misdiagnoses were reported. An initial benign diagnosis was made in 24.7% of patients, followed by a later malignant diagnosis and in this sub-group, the most common benign first diagnosis was ameloblastoma (42.4%). Cervical lymph nodes were the most common site of metastasis (9.3% of patients). With respect to distant metastasis (DM), the lungs were the most common organ affected (11.2% of DM patients) with metastasising ameloblastoma the most commonly reported tumour which metastasised to the lungs. Overall, 26.8% of patients developed recurrence.Conclusion: Overall, the quality of the literature on MOTs is poor. This review of the literature has highlighted variations in diagnostic terms and criteria which has resulted in areas of confusion with potential for misdiagnosis. This consolidation of primary data has identified key areas for targeted research including further discussion on the malignant potential of ameloblastoma.
Combination of Aerial, Satellite, and UAV Photogrammetry for Quantifying Rock Glacier Kinematics in the Dry Andes of Chile (30°S) Since the 1950s
Authors: Vivero Sebastián , Bodin Xavier , Farías-Barahona David , MacDonell Shelley , Schaffer Nicole , Robson Benjamin Aubrey , Lambiel Christophe 
Published: November 2021

The diachronic analysis of aerial and satellite imagery, uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) andin situsurveys obtained between 1956 and 2019 are employed to analyse landform surface kinematics for the Tapado site located in the Dry Andes of Chile. A feature tracking procedure was used between series of orthorectified and co-registered images to calculate surface velocities on several ice-debris landforms, including rock glaciers and debris-covered glaciers. For the active rock glaciers, the results exhibit typical viscous flow, though local destabilisation process seems to occur, increased velocities since 2000 (&gt;1 m/yr) and terminus advance. Nevertheless, the debris-covered glaciers displays heterogeneous spatial patterns of surface velocities, together with collapse (downwasting) associated with the development of thermokarst depressions and supraglacial ponds. Our findings show that surface kinematics and multitemporal observations derived from different sensors are valuable tools for differentiating between glacial and periglacial features. The pluri-decadal time series since 1956 constitute a unique dataset for documenting the surface kinematics of creeping mountain permafrost in the Southern Hemisphere. The approach developed in this work offers a way forward to reconstruct the recent behaviour of glacial and periglacial features in the Andes, where archival aerial photographs are available but have not previously been processed rigorously to obtain an accurate assessment of landform kinematics.
Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Ovine and Caprine Flocks: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Diao Nai-Chao , Chen Zi-Yang , Shi Jun-Feng , Wang Qi , Sheng Chen-Yan , Ma Bao-Yi , Yang Yang , Sun Yu-Han , Shi Kun , Du Rui 
Published: November 2021

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea. It can infect cattle, sheep, pigs, and other animals, causing diarrhea, miscarriage, and stillbirth, among other symptoms, and it can result in huge economic losses to animal husbandry. There are reports on BVDV infection rates in sheep and goat herds from all over the world and this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for BVDV in sheep and goats.Results: Using the data of 41,297 sheep and goats in 24 countries/regions to calculate a comprehensive prevalence rate for BVDV. The overall prevalence of BVDV infection in sheep and goats was estimated to be 8.6% (95% CI: 5.2–12.7) by immunological methods and 7.3% (95% CI: 2.7–13.7) by molecular methods. Analysis by national income level revealed that prevalence is higher in middle-income countries than in high-income countries (P &lt; 0.05). The study also compared prevalence rates by species of BVDV, sampling year, and test species, but did not find significant differences.Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to determine the global prevalence of BVDV in ovine and caprine flocks. The prevalence of BVDV in sheep and goat populations varies from region to region, and the situation is not optimistic in some countries.
INDEX METHOD IN MODERN STUDIES OF MONEY CIRCULATION OF UKRAINE
Authors: POHORIELOVA Tetiana , TARASOVA Krystyna 
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the theoretical and practical issues of using the index method when conducting statistical monitoring of money circulation. The essence and basic concepts of monetary circulation in Ukraine are disclosed. It was found that cash flows and the amount of money in the economic system act as an important regulator of material production and all economic processes, which made it possible to build and characterize two- and three-factor deterministic GDP models for 2019‒2020. For this purpose, such indicators of monetary circulation as the average annual size of the money supply, cash, and the share of cash in the money supply, the speed of money supply and the speed of cash are calculated. For each model, an algorithm for assessing the impact of these indicators on the absolute change in Ukraine’s GDP by index methods of chain substitutions and the isolated influence of factors is presented and implemented. The advantages and disadvantages of index methods are shown both from the point of view of statistical calculations and from the point of view of economic concepts of money circulation. Calculations show that the growth of the money supply has a positive effect on the dynamics of the country’s GDP in 2020, and the rate indicators, on the contrary, reduce the GDP growth. In modern studies of monetary circulation, it is advisable to use the index method to identify the isolated influence of factors on the absolute growth of Ukraine’s GDP. The same method allows us to reveal how the effect of interaction between the rate of turnover of the money supply and its volume is distributed, depending on their separate influence. With this approach, each factor is provided with the same calculation conditions, the results do not depend on the economic nature of indicators and the order of their location in the original GDP model, there are no contradictions to the economic postulates of monetary circulation, although the problems of choosing a research method and its justification are still open.
MAKING LOGISTICS DECISIONS IN ENTERPRISE ENERGY SUPPLY
Authors: PUDYCHEVA Halyna 
Published: November 2021

The article identifies the main logistics decisions that are to be made at the enterprise level to ensure the uninterrupted functioning of their energy system. The purpose of the article is to determine the main logistics decisions, which have to be made by enterprises in order to improve the efficiency of the functioning of energy supply chains. To achieve this goal, the following general scientific methods are used: analysis, synthesis, systematization, theoretical generalization, abstraction and analogy. The article considers such logistics solutions in the energy supply of enterprises as: planning the amount for energy services need, the choice of the energy consumption alternative, the alternative «make or buy», and the choice of supplier. The characteristics of each of these logistic solutions are given and alternatives for their adoption are considered. The factors that should be taken into account when planning the needs of enterprises in energy services are summarized. It is determined what initial data should be considered at planning of the need, and also methods which can be applied. Four variants of consumption of energy services with centralized energy supply are identified. It is proved that the priority type of energy for consumers is electricity. It is proved that the priority type for consumers is electric energy, the factors influencing the choice of the energy supply option are determined. The managerial alternative «make or buy» in the energy supply of enterprises is characterized. The advantages and disadvantages of own productions of energy services are determined. A sequence of ten stages in choosing the option of own production of energy services is developed by the author. The factors influencing the choice of energy service provider for enterprises are summarized. The scheme for selecting process an energy service provider is proposed, which includes nine stages and allows managers to make an optimal logistic decision