bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study of the carbonation of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester catalyzed over heterogeneous catalyst HBimCl‐NbCl5/HCMC
Authors: Cai Xiaoshuang , Tolvanen Pasi , Virtanen Pasi , Eränen Kari , Rahkila Jani , Leveneur Sébastien , Salmi Tapio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe carbonation of epoxidized vegetable oils is a crucial step in the preparation of nonisocyanate polyurethane. Several research groups have screened homogeneous catalysts such as tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide for this reaction, but the research devoted to the use of heterogeneous catalysts and on the application of kinetic modeling is rare. Hence, to develop this process on an industrial scale, an appropriate heterogeneous catalyst should be found and a kinetic model developed. A catalyst consisting of an ionic liquid supported on carboxymethyl cellulose has been proved to be a suitable heterogeneous catalyst for this carbonation reaction. A catalyst based on 1‐hydroxypropyl‐3‐n‐butylimidazolium chloride and niobium(V) chloride supported on protonated carboxymethyl cellulose (HBimCl‐NbCl5/HCMC) was synthesized and tested for the carbonation of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester. Effects of the catalyst particle size, agitation speed, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature on the reaction kinetics were investigated. The carbonation reaction proceeded efficiently at a temperature of 443.15 K, agitation speed of 500 rpm, and using native catalyst particles with a median diameter of 652 μm. A kinetic model was developed to simulate the conversion of the epoxide group with time.
Deep learning‐based forward and cross‐scatter correction in dual‐source CT
Authors: Erath Julien , Vöth Tim , Maier Joscha , Fournié Eric , Petersilka Martin , Stierstorfer Karl , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeDual‐source computed tomography (DSCT) uses two source‐detector pairs offset by about 90°. In addition to the well‐known forward scatter, a special issue in DSCT is cross‐scattered radiation from X‐ray tube A detected in the detector of system B and vice versa. This effect can lead to artifacts and reduction of the contrast‐to‐noise ratio of the images. The purpose of this work is to present and evaluate different deep learning‐based methods for scatter correction in DSCT.MethodsWe present different neural network‐based methods for forward and cross‐scatter correction in DSCT. These deep scatter estimation (DSE) methods mainly differ in the input and output information that is provided for training and inference and in whether they operate on two‐dimensional (2D) or on three‐dimensional (3D) data. The networks are trained and validated with scatter distributions obtained by our in‐house Monte Carlo simulation. The simulated geometry is adapted to a realistic clinical setup.ResultsAll DSE approaches reduce scatter‐induced artifacts and lead to superior results than the measurement‐based scatter correction. Forward scatter, under the presence of cross‐scatter, is best estimated either by our network that uses the current projection and a couple of neighboring views (fDSE 2D few views) or by our 3D network that processes all projections simultaneously (fDSE 3D). Cross‐scatter, under the presence of forward scatter, is best estimated using xSSE XDSE 2D, with xSSE referring to a quick single scatter estimate of cross scatter, or by xDSE 3D that uses all projections simultaneously. By using our proposed networks, the total scatter error in dual could be reduced from about 18 HU to approximately 3 HU.ConclusionsDeep learning‐based scatter correction can reduce scatter artifacts in DSCT. To achieve more accurate cross‐scatter estimations, the use of a cross‐scatter approximation improves the results. Also, the ability to leverage across different projection angles improves the precision of the algorithm.
Unsupervised learning of reference bony shapes for orthognathic surgical planning with a surface deformation network
Authors: Xiao Deqiang , Deng Hannah , Lian Chunfeng , Kuang Tianshu , Liu Qin , Ma Lei , Lang Yankun , Chen Xu , Kim Daeseung , Gateno Jaime , Shen Steve Guofang , Shen Dinggang , Yap Pew‐Thian , Xia James J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to reduce the experience dependence during the orthognathic surgical planning that involves virtually simulating the corrective procedure for jaw deformities.MethodsWe introduce a geometric deep learning framework for generating reference facial bone shape models for objective guidance in surgical planning. First, we propose a surface deformation network to warp a patient's deformed bone to a set of normal bones for generating a dictionary of patient‐specific normal bony shapes. Subsequently, sparse representation learning is employed to estimate a reference shape model based on the dictionary.ResultsWe evaluated our method on a clinical dataset containing 24 patients, and compared it with a state‐of‐the‐art method that relies on landmark‐based sparse representation. Our method yields significantly higher accuracy than the competing method for estimating normal jaws and maintains the midfaces of patients’ facial bones as well as the conventional way.ConclusionsExperimental results indicate that our method generates accurate shape models that meet clinical standards.
SuperDTI: Ultrafast DTI and fiber tractography with deep learning
Authors: Li Hongyu , Liang Zifei , Zhang Chaoyi , Liu Ruiying , Li Jing , Zhang Weihong , Liang Dong , Shen Bowen , Zhang Xiaoliang , Ge Yulin , Zhang Jiangyang , Ying Leslie 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo develop a deep learning–based reconstruction framework for ultrafast and robust diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography.MethodsSuperDTI was developed to learn the nonlinear relationship between DWIs and the corresponding diffusion tensor parameter maps. It bypasses the tensor fitting procedure, which is highly susceptible to noises and motions in DWIs. The network was trained and tested using data sets from the Human Connectome Project and patients with ischemic stroke. Results from SuperDTI were compared against widely used methods for tensor parameter estimation and fiber tracking.ResultsUsing training and testing data acquired using the same protocol and scanner, SuperDTI was shown to generate fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity maps, as well as fiber tractography, from as few as six raw DWIs, with a quantification error of less than 5% in all white‐matter and gray‐matter regions of interest. It was robust to noises and motions in the testing data. Furthermore, the network trained using healthy volunteer data showed no apparent reduction in lesion detectability when directly applied to stroke patient data.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the feasibility of superfast DTI and fiber tractography using deep learning with as few as six DWIs directly, bypassing tensor fitting. Such a significant reduction in scan time may allow the inclusion of DTI into the clinical routine for many potential applications.
TROIKA‐1: A double‐blind, randomized, parallel group, study aimed to demonstrate the equivalent pharmacokinetic profile of HD201, a potential biosimilar candidate to trastuzumab, versus EU‐Herceptin® and US‐Herceptin® in healthy male subjects
Authors: Demarchi Martin , Coliat Pierre , Mclendon Kristi , Chung Shii Hii Jocelyn , Feyaerts Peggy , Ang Felicia , Jaison Litha , Deforce Filip , Derde Marie Paule , Kim Michael Jinwoo , Park Lisa Soyeon , Detappe Alexandre , Pivot Xavier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrestige Biopharma Ltd (Singapore) has developed HD201, a proposed biosimilar to reference product trastuzumab. As a part of the stepwise approach to ensure comparability between the biosimilar candidate and the reference medicinal product, a phase I study in healthy subjects was conducted to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence (NCT03776240). The primary objective of the study was to demonstrate (PK) equivalence of HD201, EU‐Herceptin®, and US‐Herceptin® given at 6 mg/kg as a 90‐min i.v. infusion to healthy male subjects. A pairwise comparisons based on the primary endpoint AUC0–inf and secondary PK endpoints, AUC0–last and Cmax were undertaken. PK equivalence was to be concluded if the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the ratio of geometric means for each criterion were within the equivalence margin of 80% to 125%. Secondary objectives included assessment of other PK parameters, safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity in the three arms. A total of 105 healthy male subjects (35/treatment) were randomized in this study. The 90% CI for the ratios of AUC0–inf, Cmax and AUC0–last, were within 80%–125% for the comparisons of HD201 to EU‐Herceptin® or US‐Herceptin® and EU‐Herceptin® to US‐Herceptin®. The frequency of subjects with TEAEs of special interest was slightly lower in the HD201 group (20.0%) compared to the other treatment groups (EU‐Herceptin®: 34.3%; US‐Herceptin®: 31.4%). Only 1 subject (EU‐Herceptin® group) developed anti‐drug antibodies prior to dosing. Overall, HD201 demonstrates PK similarity to both EU‐Herceptin® and US‐Herceptin®. The three study drugs also demonstrated similar safety profiles.
Sample size calculation for recurrent event data with additive rates models
Authors: Zhu Liang , Li Yimei , Tang Yongqiang , Shen Liji , Onar‐Thomas Arzu , Sun Jianguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the design of clinical trials where the primary endpoint is a recurrent event with the focus on the sample size calculation. For the problem, a few methods have been proposed but most of them assume a multiplicative treatment effect on the rate or mean number of recurrent events. In practice, sometimes the additive treatment effect may be preferred or more appealing because of its intuitive clinical meaning and straightforward interpretation compared to a multiplicative relationship. In this paper, new methods are presented and investigated for the sample size calculation based on the additive rates model for superiority, non‐inferiority, and equivalence trials. They allow for flexible baseline rate function, staggered entry, random dropout, and overdispersion in event numbers, and simulation studies show that the proposed methods perform well in a variety of settings. We also illustrate how to use the proposed methods to design a clinical trial based on real data.
Interfacial Protection Engineering of Sodium Nanoparticles toward Dendrite‐Free and Long‐Life Sodium Metal Battery
Authors: You Shunzhang , Ye Minghui , Xiong Jiaming , Hu Zuyang , Zhang Yufei , Yang Yang , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe instability of interfacial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer of metallic sodium (Na) anode during cycles results in the rapid capacity decay of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). Herein, the concept of interfacial protection engineering of Na nanoparticles (Na‐NPs) is proposed first to achieve stable, dendrite‐free, and long‐life SMB. Employing an ion‐exchange strategy, conformal Sn‐Na alloy‐SEI on the interface of Na‐NPs is constructed, forming Sn@Na‐NPs. The stable alloy‐based SEI layer possesses the following three advantages: 1) significantly enhancing the transport dynamics of Na+ ions and electrons; 2) enabling the well‐distributed deposition of Na+ ions to avoid the growth of dendrites; and 3) protecting the Sn@Na‐NPs anode from the attack of electrolyte, thereby reducing the parasitic reaction and boosting the Coulombic efficiency of SMBs. Because of these virtues, the symmetric Sn@Na‐NPs cell shows an ultralow voltage hysteresis of 0.54 V at 10 mA cm−2 after 600 h. Paired with the Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (NaVPF) cathode, the NaVPF‐Sn@Na‐NPs full cell exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 89.2 mAh g−1 at 1 C and a high capacity retention of 81.6% after 600 cycles.
Second Floor of Flatland: Epitaxial Growth of Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Mehler Alexander , Néel Nicolas , Voloshina Elena , Dedkov Yuriy , Kröger Jörg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the studies presented here, the subsequent growth of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is achieved by the thermal decomposition of molecular precursors and the catalytic assistance of metal substrates. The epitaxial growth of h‐BN on Pt(111) is followed by the deposition of a temporary Pt film that acts as a catalyst for the fabrication of the graphene sheet. After intercalation of the intermediate Pt film underneath the boron‐nitride mesh, graphene resides on top of h‐BN. Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculations reveal that the moiré pattern of the van‐der‐Waals‐coupled double layer is due to the interface of h‐BN and Pt(111). While on Pt(111) the graphene honeycomb unit cells uniformly appear as depressions using a clean metal tip for imaging, on h‐BN they are arranged in a honeycomb lattice where six protruding unit cells enframe a topographically dark cell. This superstructure is most clearly observed at small probe–surface distances. Spatially resolved inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy enables the detection of a previously predicted acoustic hybrid phonon of the stacked materials. Its’ spectroscopic signature is visible in surface regions where the single graphene sheet on Pt(111) transitions into the top layer of the stacking.
Deep‐learning power and perspectives for genomic selection
Authors: Montesinos‐López Osval Antonio , Montesinos‐López Abelardo , Hernandez‐Suarez Carlos Moises , Barrón‐López José Alberto , Crossa José 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL) is revolutionizing the development of artificial intelligence systems. For example, before 2015, humans were better than artificial machines at classifying images and solving many problems of computer vision (related to object localization and detection using images), but nowadays, artificial machines have surpassed the ability of humans in this specific task. This is just one example of how the application of these models has surpassed human abilities and the performance of other machine‐learning algorithms. For this reason, DL models have been adopted for genomic selection (GS). In this article we provide insight about the power of DL in solving complex prediction tasks and how combining GS and DL models can accelerate the revolution provoked by GS methodology in plant breeding. Furthermore, we will mention some trends of DL methods, emphasizing some areas of opportunity to really exploit the DL methodology in GS; however, we are aware that considerable research is required to be able not only to use the existing DL in conjunction with GS, but to adapt and develop DL methods that take the peculiarities of breeding inputs and GS into consideration.
Inhibition of NAE‐dependent protein hyper‐NEDDylation in cystic cholangiocytes halts cystogenesis in experimental models of polycystic liver disease
Authors: Lee‐Law Pui Y. , Olaizola Paula , Caballero‐Camino Francisco J. , Izquierdo‐Sanchez Laura , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Perugorria Maria J. , Azkargorta Mikel , Elortza Felix , Martinez‐Chantar Maria L. , Aspichueta Patricia , Marzioni Marco , Bujanda Luis , Drenth Joost P. H. , Banales Jesus M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolycystic liver diseases (PLDs) are genetic inherited disorders characterized by the progressive growth of numerous intrahepatic biliary cysts, which are the main cause of morbidity. Previous studies revealed that cystic cholangiocytes are characterized by endoplasmic reticulum stress and aberrant posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins, in particular hyper‐SUMOylation, that promote PLD pathobiology. Protein NEDDylation is a newly characterized PTM that modulates a plethora of biological processes and its dysregulation is associated with the development and progression of several human diseases. However, the role of NEDDylation in PLD remains elusive.ObjectiveTo explore the role of protein NEDDylation in PLD and its potential therapeutic regulatory value.MethodsLevels and functional effects of NEDDylation, including response to Pevonedistat (first‐in‐class selective inhibitor of the NEDDylation E1 enzyme NAE), were assessed in vitro, in vivo, and/or in patients with PLD. NEDDylated protein levels in normal and cystic human cholangiocytes were assessed by immunoprecipitation, and the proteomic profile was further analyzed by mass spectrometry.Results and ConclusionThe genes involved in the NEDDylation pathway were found overexpressed (mRNA) in polycystic human and rat liver tissue, as well as in cystic cholangiocytes in culture, compared to controls. Elevated levels of NEDDylated proteins were further confirmed in cystic cholangiocytes in vitro, which diminished under Pevonedistat incubation. Pevonedistat promoted apoptotic cell death and reduced proliferation in cystic cholangiocytes in vitro. Comparative proteomic profiling of NEDD8‐immunoprecipitated proteins between normal and cystic cholangiocytes in culture reported candidate proteins involved in cystogenesis, mostly associated with protein biogenesis and quality control. All these data indicate that cystic cholangiocytes display increased protein NEDDylation, contributing to cell survival and proliferation, ultimately supporting hepatic cystogenesis. Targeting of protein hyper‐NEDDylation in cystic cholangiocytes inhibits cystogenesis in experimental models, representing a novel therapeutic opportunity in PLD.
Contingent screening in stratification of pregnancy care based on risk of pre‐eclampsia at 19–24 weeks' gestation
Authors: Litwinska M. , Litwinska E. , Bouariu A. , Syngelaki A. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the possibility of carrying out routine screening for pre‐eclampsia (PE) with delivery at < 28, < 32, < 36 weeks' gestation by maternal factors, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in all pregnancies and reserving measurements of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) for only a subgroup of the population.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in two UK maternity hospitals involving women with singleton pregnancy attending for routine assessment at 19–24 weeks' gestation. The improvement in performance of screening for PE, at fixed risk cut‐offs, by the addition of serum PlGF and sFlt‐1 to screening by maternal factors, UtA‐PI and MAP, was estimated. We examined a policy of contingent screening in which biochemical testing was reserved for only a subgroup of the population. The main outcome measures were the additional contribution of PlGF and sFlt‐1 to the performance of screening for PE and the proportion of the population requiring measurement of PlGF and sFlt‐1 for maximum performance of screening.ResultsThe study population included 37 886 singleton pregnancies. At each risk cut‐off, the highest detection rates for delivery with PE and the lowest screen‐positive rates were achieved in screening with maternal factors, UtA‐PI, MAP, PlGF and sFlt‐1. The maximum performance by such screening was also achieved by contingent screening in which PlGF and sFlt‐1 were measured in only about 40% of the population.ConclusionThe performance of screening for PE by a combination of maternal factors, UtA‐PI and MAP is improved by measurement of PlGF and sFlt‐1 in about 40% of the population. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Peripartum echocardiographic changes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Giorgione V. , O'Driscoll J. , Coutinho C. M. , Di Fabrizio C. , Sharma R. , Khalil A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with significant myocardial dysfunction on echocardiography. The impact of hemodynamic changes related to volume redistribution following delivery on myocardial function in women with HDP has not been evaluated systematically. The aim of this study was to compare echocardiographic findings immediately before and after delivery in women with HDP.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study including 30 women with a diagnosis of HDP who underwent two consecutive transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examinations, before delivery and in the early postpartum period. Paired comparisons of the findings from the two assessments were performed.ResultsLeft‐ventricular (LV) concentric remodeling or hypertrophy was detected in 21 (70%) patients. There was no significant difference in cardiac morphology indices such as LV mass index (78.9 ± 16.3 g/m2 vs 77.9 ± 15.4 g/m2; P = 0.611) or relative wall thickness (0.45 ± 0.1 vs 0.44 ± 0.1; P = 0.453) before vs after delivery. LV diastolic function did not demonstrate any peripartum variation, with similar left‐atrial volume (52.4 ± 15.3 mL vs 51.0 ± 15.6 mL; P = 0.433), lateral E′ (0.12 ± 0.03 m/s vs 0.12 ± 0.03 m/s; P = 0.307) and E/E′ ratio (7.9 ± 2.2 vs 7.9 ± 1.7; P = 0.934) before vs after delivery. Systolic function indices, such as LV ejection fraction (57.5 ± 3.4% vs 56.4 ± 2.1%; P = 0.295) and global longitudinal strain (−15.3 ± 2.6% vs −15.1 ± 3.1%; P = 0.582), also remained unchanged between before vs after delivery.ConclusionsMaternal hemodynamic changes associated with delivery did not influence significantly peripartum TTE indices in women with HDP. Suboptimal maternal echocardiographic findings in HDP are likely to be the consequence of chronic pregnancy cardiovascular load changes or pre‐existing maternal cardiovascular impairment. Severity and persistence of myocardial dysfunction in the postpartum period may be related to the long‐term maternal cardiovascular disease legacy of HDP. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Highly resistant Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus infection in a Swiss cat
Authors: Peterhans Sophie , Grest Paula , Friedel Ute , Roosje Petra , Ghielmetti Giovanni 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 2‐year‐old European shorthair cat was presented with a nonhealing skin lesion on the right abdominal wall. Repeated surgical excision and antimicrobial treatment with cefovecin, clindamycin, and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole did not lead to clinical improvement. Histopathology of the skin lesion showed pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis. Definitive diagnosis was made by mycobacterial culture and rpoB sequencing, revealing Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus infection in a cat in Switzerland and the second case in Europe. The isolated strain carried a functional erm(41) gene that confers inducible macrolide resistance. Further phenotypic resistances to doxycycline, minocycline, and imipenem were detected, resulting in little chance of successful antimicrobial treatment. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus is an emerging pathogen in human medicine and poses a non‐negligible zoonotic risk for the owners of the cat.