bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multipoint pacing for cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mehta Vishal S , Elliott Mark K , Sidhu Baldeep S , Gould Justin , Porter Bradley , Niederer Steven , Rinaldi Christopher A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionMultipoint pacing (MPP) has been proposed as an effective way to improve cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) response. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the efficacy of CRT delivered via MPP compared to conventional CRT.MethodsA literature search was performed from inception to January 2021 for studies in Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, comparing MPP to conventional CRT with a minimum of 6 months follow‐up. Randomised and nonrandomised studies were assessed for relevant efficacy data including echocardiographic (left ventricular end systolic volume [LVESV] and ejection fraction) or functional changes (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class/Clinical Composite Score). Subgroup analyses were performed by study design and programming type.ResultsA total of 7 studies with a total of 1390 patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, MPP demonstrated greater echocardiographic improvement than conventional CRT in nonrandomised studies (odds ratio [OR]: 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.05–9.33], p < .001), however, was not significant in randomised studies (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: [0.91–3.79], p = .086). There was no significant difference in LVESV reduction >15% (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: [0.69–5.55], p = .20) or improvement by ≥1 NYHA class (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: [0.74–8.42], p = .141) when comparing MPP to conventional CRT. In a sub analysis, MPP programmed by widest anatomical separation (MPP‐AS) signalled greater efficacy, however, only 120 patients were included in this analysis.ConclusionOverall MPP was more efficacious in nonrandomised studies, and not superior when assessed in randomised studies. There was considerable heterogeneity in study design making overall interpretation of results challenging. Widespread MPP programming in all CRT patients is currently not justified. Further large, randomised studies with patient‐specific programming may clarify its effectiveness.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection presenting with sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Shah Kuldeep , Shah Siddharth , Turagam Mohit K. , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe role of secondary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) remains uncertain in spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) patients presenting with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).MethodsWe aimed at assessing the outcomes following SCA and the role of ICD therapy in SCAD. The meta‐analysis was performed using a meta‐package for R version 4.0/RStudio version 1.2 and the Freeman–Tukey double arcsine method to establish the variance of raw proportions. Outcomes measured included—(1) incidence of ICD implantation, (2) appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapy, (3) recurrence of SCAD and SCA, and (4) all‐cause mortality.ResultsFive studies, including 139 SCAD patients with SCA met study inclusion criteria. The mean age was 47.3 ± 12.8 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 43.8 ± 10.8%, 88% were female (12% had pregnancy‐associated SCAD. Causes of SCA included ventricular arrhythmia (97.9%, n = 136) and pulseless electrical activity (2.1%, n = 3). Overall, 20% patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1%–36.6%, I2 = 68%) received ICD, of which 1.2% (95% CI: 0%–15.8%, I2 = 0%) and 1% (95% CI: 0%–15.3%, I2 = 0%) patients received appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies, respectively, during follow‐up period (4.1 ± 3.3 years). Incidence of recurrent SCAD was 9% (95% CI: 2.85%–17.5%, I2 = 25%), and recurrent SCA was 3.85% patients (95% CI: 0.65%–8.7%, I2 = 0%; one patient with appropriate ICD therapy). The pooled incidence of all‐cause mortality was 6.2% (95% CI: 0.6%–15.1%, I2 = 44%).ConclusionAlthough ICD therapy is beneficial in patients (all comers) presenting with cardiac arrest; the risk‐benefit ratio of secondary prevention ICD arrest remains unclear. Patient‐centered shared decision‐making and risk‐benefit ratio assessment should be performed before consideration for ICD implantation.
Risk of sick sinus syndrome in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation: A population‐based cohort
Authors: Yang Pil‐Sung , Kim Daehoon , Jang Eunsun , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Sung Jung‐Hoon , Pak Hui‐Nam , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Joung Boyoung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSinoatrial node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist and interact with each other, often to initiate and perpetuate each other.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of AF on the incidence and risk of sick sinus syndrome (SSS).MethodsThe association of incident AF with the development of incident SSS was assessed from 2004 to 2014 in 302 229 SSS‐ and pacemaker‐free subjects aged ≥60 years in the Korea National Health Insurance Service‐Senior cohort.ResultsDuring an observation period of 1 854 800 person‐years, incident AF was observed in a total of 12 797 subjects (0.69%/year). The incidence of SSS was 3.4 and 0.2 per 1000 person‐years in the propensity score‐matched incident AF and no‐AF groups, respectively. After adjustment, the significantly increased risk of SSS was observed in the incident AF group, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 13.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4–21.4). This finding was consistently observed after censoring for heart failure (HR: 16.0; 95% CI: 9.2–28.0) or heart failure/myocardial infarction (HR: 16.6; 95% CI: 9.3–29.7). Incident AF also was associated with an increased risk of pacemaker implantation related with both SSS (HR: 21.8; 95% CI: 8.7–18.4) and atrioventricular (AV) block (HR: 9.5; 95% CI: 4.9–18.4). These results were consistent regardless of sex and comorbidities.ConclusionIncident AF was associated with more than 10 times increased risk of SSS in an elderly population regardless of comorbidities. The risk of pacemaker implantations related with both sinus node dysfunction and AV block was increased in the elderly population with incident AF.
Innate lymphoid cells are double‐edged swords under the mucosal barrier
Authors: Duan Zhen , Liu Mandie , Yuan Lin , Du Xizi , Wu Mengping , Yang Yu , Wang Leyuan , Zhou Kai , Yang Ming , Zou Yizhou , Xiang Yang , Qu Xiangping , Liu Huijun , Qin Xiaoqun , Liu Chi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the direct contacting site for pathogens and allergens, the mucosal barrier plays a vital role in the lungs and intestines. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are particularly resident in the mucosal barrier and participate in several pathophysiological processes, such as maintaining or disrupting barrier integrity, preventing various pathogenic invasions. In the pulmonary mucosae, ILCs sometimes aggravate inflammation and mucus hypersecretion but restore airway epithelial integrity and maintain lung tissue homeostasis at other times. In the intestinal mucosae, ILCs can increase epithelial permeability, leading to severe intestinal inflammation on the one hand, and assist mucosal barrier in resisting bacterial invasion on the other hand. In this review, we will illustrate the positive and negative roles of ILCs in mucosal barrier immunity.
New isolate ofLoma psittaca(Microsporidia: Glugeidae) infecting the stomach wall of cultured hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) in South China
Authors: Liu Xinhua , Xu Liwen , Hu Kai , Ren Shisi , Weng Meiqi , Yu Jianbo , Li Deliang , Zhang Jinyong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLoma psittaca, previously described as inhabiting the intestinal mucosa of an anadromous fish,Colomesus pisttacus, from the Amazon Basin, is reported as being found for the first time in a marine fish, the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀), from Lingshui city, Hainan Province, China, expanding the geographical distribution and host range of this parasite. Numerous whitish xenomas (0.5–0.7 mm in diameter) of this new isolate ofL. psittacawere found distinctly in the muscle layer of the host stomach wall. Electron microscopic observations showed a monokaryotic nucleus in all developmental stages. Round or elongated multinucleate merogonial plasmodia surrounded by numerous mitochondria were observed initially, subsequently transforming into uninucleate sporonts through multiple fissions. Sporonts, each with a large centrally positioned nucleus, further developed into sporoblasts. Each sporoblast mother cell gave rise to two uninucleate sporoblasts by binary fission. Mature spores were ellipsoidal, measuring 4.0 ± 0.3 (3.7–4.3) μm in length and 2.2 ± 0.2 (2.1–2.5) μm in width. Spores possessed a mushroom‐like anchoring disk, a bipartite polarplast, isofilar polar filaments arranged in 12–14 turns in one row, and a trilaminar spore wall. The obtained partial SSU rRNA gene sequence of the new isolate was 1330 bp in length and showed 99.4% sequence similarity with an estuary isolate ofL. psittacapreviously reported in South America. SSU rRNA gene‐based phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the twoL. psittacaisolates first clustered together and then formed a dichotomy that included the digestive‐tract‐infectingLomaspecies,L. acerinae, with high support values within group I.
Savings and outcomes under Medicare's bundled payments initiative for skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Barnett Michael L. , Orav E. John , Zheng Jie , Grabowski David C. , Epstein Arnold M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundModel 3 of Medicare's Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) was a voluntary alternative payment model that held participating skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) accountable for 90‐day costs of care. Its overall impact on Medicare spending and clinical outcomes is unknown.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using Medicare claims from 2012 to 2017. We used an interrupted time‐series design to compare participating vs matched control SNFs on total 90‐day Medicare payments and payment components (initial SNF stay, readmissions, and outpatient/clinician), case mix (volume, proportion Medicaid, proportion black, number of comorbidities), and clinical outcomes (90‐day readmission, mortality and healthy days at home, and length of initial SNF stay), overall and among key subgroups with frailty or dementia, for 47 of the 48 conditions in the program (excluding major lower extremity joint replacement).ResultsOur sample included 1001 participating and 3873 matched control SNFs. At baseline, total Medicare institutional payments were increasing at BPCI SNFs at a rate of $121 per episode per quarter; during the intervention period, payments decreased at a rate of −$398/episode/quarter. Among controls, payments were stable in the baseline period (+$17/episode/quarter) but decreased at −$424/episode/quarter during the intervention period, yielding a nonsignificant difference in slope changes of −$79/episode/quarter (95% confidence interval [CI] −$188, $31, p = 0.16). However, among patients with frailty, spending declined by $620/episode/quarter in the BPCI group, compared with $330/episode/quarter in the non‐BPCI group, for a difference in slope changes of −$289 (95% CI −$482, −$96, p = 0.003). There were no differences in the change in slopes in case selection or clinical outcomes overall or in any clinical subgroup.ConclusionsSNF participation in BPCI was associated with no overall differential change in total Medicare payments per episode, case selection, or clinical outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed a decrease in Medicare payments in patients with frailty that may warrant further study.
Development and validation of the FiberScreen: A short questionnaire to screen fibre intake in adults
Authors: Rijnaarts Iris , de Roos Nicole , Zoetendal Erwin G. , de Wit Nicole , Witteman Ben J. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth effects of dietary fibres are the topic of many studies. Eligibility criteria often include a certain fibre intake, which requires dietary screening during recruitment. However, dietary assessment methods are extensive and burdensome for both the researcher and participant. Therefore, we developed and validated a short questionnaire (FiberScreen) to screen fibre intake.MethodsThe initial five‐item questionnaire assessed fruit, vegetable, whole grain, pasta/rice/potato and legume intake. The optimised FiberScreen included 18 items, which further specified intake of the above‐mentioned categories, and included nuts and seeds. The FiberScreen was completed during two fibre promoting interventions. In Study A, participants without constipation completed the five‐item FiberScreen and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during screening (n = 131), and the 18‐item FiberScreen and a FFQ at 3‐month follow‐up (n = 87). In Study B, 29 constipated participants completed the 18‐item FiberScreen at screening and a FFQ during the first study visit.ResultsThe fibre estimate from the five‐item FiberScreen and the FFQ was moderately correlated (r = 0.356, p < 0.001). Importantly, the 18‐item FiberScreen and FFQ, when data of both studies were combined, had a strong correlation (r = 0.563, p < 0.001). The 18‐item FiberScreen had a lower fibre estimate compared to the FFQ (Δ = 1.2 ± 5.9 g, p = 0.030) but the difference was relatively small. Bland–Altman plots showed a good agreement between the questionnaires. Completion time of the 18‐item FiberScreen was 4.2 ± 2 min.ConclusionsThe 18‐item FiberScreen is a suitable short screening questionnaire for ranking the fibre intake of adults. The 18‐item FiberScreen can help to reduce screening burden for both the participant and researcher.
The direct targets of CBFs: In cold stress response and beyond
Authors: Song Yue , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Minze , Yang Hao , Fu Diyi , Lv Jian , Ding Yanglin , Gong Zhizhong , Shi Yiting , Yang Shuhua 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTCold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana triggers a significant transcriptional reprogramming altering the expression patterns of thousands of cold‐responsive (COR) genes. Essential to this process is the C‐repeat binding factor (CBF)‐dependent pathway, involving the activity of AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor)‐type CBF transcription factors required for plant cold acclimation. In this study, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays followed by deep sequencing (ChIP‐seq) to determine the genome‐wide binding sites of the CBF transcription factors. Cold‐induced CBF proteins specifically bind to the conserved C‐repeat (CRT)/dehydration‐responsive elements (CRT/DRE; G/ACCGAC) of their target genes. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 1,012 genes are targeted by all three CBFs. Combined with a transcriptional analysis of the cbf1,2,3 triple mutant, we define 146 CBF regulons as direct CBF targets. In addition, the CBF‐target genes are significantly enriched in functions associated with hormone, light, and circadian rhythm signaling, suggesting that the CBFs act as key integrators of endogenous and external environmental cues. Our findings not only define the genome‐wide binding patterns of the CBFs during the early cold response, but also provide insights into the role of the CBFs in regulating multiple biological processes of plants.
Impact of pubertal onset on region‐specific Esr2 expression
Authors: Drzewiecki Carly M. , Sellinger Elli P. , Juraska Janice M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn female rats, pubertal onset is associated with maturation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mPFC‐mediated behaviours. These behavioural and anatomical changes are likely a result of the effects of oestrogens at the nuclear oestrogen receptor (ER)β, which is expressed at higher levels than the ERα isoform in the adult mPFC. Researchers have previously quantified ERβ protein and Esr2 RNA in rodents during early postnatal development and adulthood, although an adolescent‐specific trajectory of this receptor in the mPFC has not been documented. Given that Esr2 expression can fluctuate in the presence or absence of oestrogens, puberty and the subsequent rise in gonadal hormones could influence levels of ERβ in the adolescent brain. To further explore this, we used RNAscope® technology to quantify the amount of Esr2 mRNA in pre‐pubertal adolescent, recently post‐pubertal adolescent and adult female rats. We show that Esr2 expression decreases significantly in the mPFC, striatum and motor cortex between pre‐pubertal adolescence and adulthood. In the mPFC, this decrease occurs rapidly at pubertal onset, with no significant decrease in Esr2 levels between the recently post‐pubertal and adult cohort. By contrast, the striatum and motor cortex had no significant differences in the amount of Esr2 mRNA between pre‐ and post‐pubertal females. Insofar as the amount of Esr2 expression is proportional to functional ERβ, these results suggest ERβ decreases in a region‐specific pattern in response to pubertal onset and highlight a role for this receptor in the maturational events that occur in the female rat mPFC at puberty.
Application of evidence‐based nursing in prevention of postoperative complications of breast augmentation
Authors: Wu XueM , Gao Yak , Liu Zhe , Xi TingT , Qian YuX , Hu Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the application of evidence‐based nursing in prosthesis postoperative complications.MethodsA total of 78 cases of patients who underwent prosthetic breast augmentation were selected from July 2017 to July 2019. All the patients were divided into control group and study group according to the random number table method. The patients in the control group received routine nursing interventions, and the patients in the study group performed evidence‐based nursing interventions based on the control group's care. The mental health, external esthetic effects, and complications of the two groups were observed and compared.ResultsBefore the implementation of nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in mental health indicators (SAS, SDS) between the two groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of the two groups were lower than before the intervention, and the study group was lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); before the implementation of nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in the scores of HADS‐A and HADS‐D between the two groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the scores of HADS‐A and HADS‐D of the two groups were lower than those before the intervention, and the scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); 94.9% (37 / 39) was better than 71. 8% (28 / 39) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the total incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was 5.1% (2 / 39), which was lower than 15.4% (6 / 39) in the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionEvidence‐based nursing intervention is effective in preventing postoperative complications of silicone breast augmentation prosthesis. It can effectively reduce postoperative complications, improve external esthetic effects, and improve the level of mental health of patients. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Race and payor type for child visits with public health dental hygienist practitioners
Authors: Burgette Jacqueline M. , Ok Sally H. , Ray Kristin N. , Faulds Samantha , Stiles Amy , Hoberman Alejandro , Martin Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine whether growth in visits to public health dental hygiene practitioners (PHDHPs) providing preventative dental services at a pediatric hospital clinic was predominantly among children receiving public insurance and children of minority background from 2013 to 2017.MethodsLongitudinal descriptive data analysis from electronic health records for 6856 children under age 18 years who visited PHDHPs co‐located at a hospital clinic in Pittsburgh, PA, from 2013 to 2017. We compared visits between white versus non‐white children and between children with public, private, and no or missing insurance by year.ResultsVisit volume doubled from 2013 (n = 811) to 2017 (n = 1868). The proportion of PHDHP visits with non‐white children increased from 77% (n = 625) in 2013 to 87% (n = 1472) in 2017 (p < 0.001). The proportion of PHDHP visits with children with public insurance increased from 72% (n = 585) in 2013 to 82% (n = 1377) in 2017 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPHDHPs co‐located at a pediatric hospital clinic saw a high proportion of visits from children of non‐white race and with public insurance. Visits from children of minority race and with public insurance increased disproportionately as visit volume grew from 2013 to 2017, depicting a vehicle through which historically underserved children increasingly accessed preventive dental services.
Afrotropical secondary forests exhibit fast diversity and functional recovery, but slow compositional and carbon recovery after shifting cultivation
Authors: Makelele Isaac Ahanamungu , Verheyen Kris , Boeckx Pascal , Cizungu Ntaboba Landry , Mujinya Bazirake Basile , Ewango Corneille , Bauters Marijn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuestionsHuman disturbance is increasingly affecting forest dynamics across the tropics. Forests can recover via natural secondary succession to pre‐disturbance levels of biodiversity, species composition, and ecosystem carbon stocks. Central Africa will be subject to increasingly high shifting‐cultivation pressure in the next decades, but succession trajectories of these ecosystem properties are still poorly known for the Congo basin. We addressed two questions: (1) how does taxonomic and functional composition and diversity shift during secondary succession; and (2) how fast do above‐ground carbon stocks recover during secondary succession in tropical forests?LocationCentral Congo basin.MethodsWe conducted an inventory of trees (diameter at breast height [DBH] ≥ 10 cm), measured species traits and soil texture and carbon content in 18 plots, located along six secondary succession stages (i.e., from agricultural to old growth forest sites). We measured tree diameter, height for 20% of trees distributed across diameter classes, wood traits from all species, and leaf traits from species that contributed to 85% of the plot basal area.ResultsWe showed that secondary forests recover relatively fast in terms of tree species diversity, alpha functional diversity, and fine‐root carbon, with near‐old‐growth forest values after six decades past disturbance, while floristic composition exhibited slower recovery. Secondary forests only partially shifted from acquisitive to a conservative life history, with shifts in leaf traits being largely decoupled from wood traits. Only 43% of above‐ground carbon recovered after 60 years of forest regrowth, potentially through a slow recovery of the large‐sized tree stems that dominate carbon stocks of old‐growth forests.ConclusionsOur findings underline the capacity of Afrotropical forests to recover species and alpha functional diversity after clear‐cutting through shifting cultivation. Simultaneously, old‐growth forests harbor a particular floristic community and store a large quantity of carbon with much longer recovery trajectories, stressing the need for conservation of these forests in the Congo basin.