bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of CH4 coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO2 and Methane (CoMet) campaign
Authors: Krautwurst Sven , Gerilowski Konstantin , Borchardt Jakob , Wildmann Norman , Gałkowski Michał , Swolkień Justyna , Marshall Julia , Fiehn Alina , Roiger Anke , Ruhtz Thomas , Gerbig Christoph , Necki Jaroslaw , Burrows John P. , Fix Andreas , Bovensmann Heinrich 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse
gas, whose atmospheric concentration is modulated by human-induced activities, and it has a larger global warming potential than carbon dioxide (CO2). Because of its short atmospheric lifetime relative to that of CO2, the reduction of the atmospheric abundance of CH4 is an attractive target for short-term climate mitigation strategies. However, reducing the atmospheric CH4 concentration requires a reduction of its emissions and, therefore, knowledge of its sources. For this reason, the CO2 and Methane (CoMet) campaign in May and June 2018 assessed emissions of one of the largest CH4 emission hot spots in Europe, the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in southern Poland, using top-down approaches and inventory data. In this study, we will focus on CH4 column anomalies retrieved from spectral radiance observations, which were acquired by the 1D nadir-looking passive remote sensing Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument, using the weighting-function-modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) method. The column anomalies, combined with wind lidar measurements, are inverted to cross-sectional fluxes using a mass balance approach. With the help of these fluxes, reported emissions of small clusters of coal mine ventilation shafts are then assessed. The MAMAP CH4 column observations enable an accurate assignment of
observed fluxes to small clusters of ventilation shafts. CH4 fluxes
are estimated for four clusters with a total of 23 ventilation shafts, which are responsible for about 40 % of the total CH4 mining emissions in the target area. The observations were made during several overflights on different days. The final average CH4 fluxes for the single clusters (or sub-clusters) range from about 1 to 9 t CH4 h−1 at the time of the campaign. The fluxes observed at one cluster during different overflights vary by as much as 50 % of the average value. Associated errors (1σ) are usually between 15 % and 59 % of the average flux, depending mainly on the prevailing wind conditions, the number of flight tracks, and the magnitude of the flux itself. Comparison to known hourly emissions, where available, shows good agreement within the uncertainties. If only emissions reported annually are available for comparison with the observations, caution is advised due to possible fluctuations in emissions during a year or even within hours. To measure emissions even more precisely and to break them down further for allocation to individual shafts in a complex source region such as the USCB, imaging remote sensing instruments are recommended.
A versatile method for computing optimized snow albedo from spectrally fixed radiative variables: VALHALLA v1.0
Authors: Veillon Florent , Dumont Marie , Amory Charles , Fructus Mathieu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In climate models, the snow albedo scheme generally calculates only a narrowband or broadband albedo, which leads to significant uncertainties. Here, we present the Versatile ALbedo calculation metHod based on spectrALLy fixed radiative vAriables (VALHALLA version 1.0) to optimize spectral snow albedo calculation. For this optimization, the energy absorbed by the snowpack is calculated by the spectral albedo model Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow (TARTES) and the spectral irradiance model Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART). This calculation takes into account the spectral characteristics of the incident radiation and the optical properties of the snow based on an analytical approximation of the radiative transfer of snow. For this method, 30 wavelengths, called tie points (TPs), and 16 reference irradiance profiles are calculated to incorporate the absorbed energy and the reference irradiance. The absorbed energy is then interpolated for each wavelength between two TPs with adequate kernel functions derived from radiative transfer theory for snow and the atmosphere. We show that the accuracy of the absorbed energy calculation primarily depends on the adaptation of the irradiance of the reference profile to that of the simulation (absolute difference <1 W m−2 for broadband absorbed energy and absolute difference <0.005 for broadband albedo).
In addition to the performance in terms of accuracy and calculation time, the method is adaptable to any atmospheric input (broadband, narrowband) and is easily adaptable for integration into a radiative scheme of a global or regional climate model.
Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites
Authors: Tao Jing , Zhu Qing , Riley William J. , Neumann Rebecca B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Field measurements have shown that cold-season methane
(CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contribute a substantial
portion to the annual net carbon emissions in permafrost regions. However,
most earth system land models do not accurately reproduce cold-season
CH4 and CO2 emissions, especially over the shoulder (i.e., thawing
and freezing) seasons. Here we use the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
(E3SM) land model version 1 (ELMv1-ECA) to tackle this challenge and fill
the knowledge gap of how cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions
contribute to the annual totals at Alaska Arctic tundra sites. Specifically,
we improved the ELMv1-ECA soil water phase-change scheme, environmental
controls on microbial activity, and the methane module. Results demonstrate that both soil temperature and the duration of
zero-curtain periods (i.e., the fall period when soil temperatures linger
around 0 ∘C) simulated by the updated ELMv1-ECA were greatly
improved; e.g., the mean absolute error (MAE) in zero-curtain durations at
12 cm depth was reduced by 62 % on average. Furthermore, the MAEs of
simulated cold-season carbon emissions at three tundra sites were improved
by 72 % and 70 % on average for CH4 and CO2, respectively.
Overall, CH4 emitted during the early cold season (September and October),
which often includes most of the zero-curtain period in Arctic tundra,
accounted for more than 50 % of the total emissions throughout the entire
cold season (September to May) in the model, compared with around 49.4 %
(43 %–58 %) in observations. From 1950 to 2017, both CO2 emissions
during the zero-curtain period and during the entire cold season showed
increasing trends, for example, of 0.17 and 0.36 gC m−2 yr−1 at Atqasuk. This study highlights the importance of
zero-curtain periods in facilitating cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions from
tundra ecosystems.
Why Decriminalise Prostitution? Because Law and Justice Aren’t Always the Same
Authors: Scoular Jane , FitzGerald Sharron 
Published: November 2021

Leigh Goodmark’s work on domestic violence argues for alternatives to criminal justice to ‘solve’ issues of gendered violence. The criminalisation of sex work and prostitution is rarely discussed in this context—a rather odd omission given the increasing trend towards ‘criminalising demand’ and counter-calls for decriminalisation in this domain. In this article, we bring the two debates into conversation, using Goodmark’s work to bring analytical clarity to the prostitution debate and connect sex work to wider social justice debates in feminist anti-violence circles. We aim to move the conversation beyond retribution and the view that law is justice to outline a vision of justice for sex workers grounded in the principles of rights, recognition and representation. By contextualising the decriminalisation of prostitution within the framework of a wider anti-carceral justice movement, we seek to build alliances for social justice that transcend the current divide.
Propuesta de apoyo a personas con capacidad modificada desde el trabajo social. El caso de las entidades tutelares
Authors: Dorado Barbé Ana , González Casas David , Rivera Alvarez Joaquín María , Sojo Belinchón Rocío 
Published: December 2021

La Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre derechos de personas con discapacidad (2006) modificó sustancialmente el escenario de la discapacidad. Dicha transformación se ubica en un cambio de perspectiva en referencia a dejar de contemplar la discapacidad bajo un modelo biosanitario rehabilitador, para pasar a un modelo que considera a las personas con discapacidad como sujetos titulares de derechos y en el que los poderes públicos destacan en su obligación de garantizar que el ejercicio de dichos derechos sea efectivo y pleno.
En base a ello, se reflexiona sobre el nuevo escenario jurídico y social y se propone un modelo de atención social a desarrollar desde Entidades Tutelares desde la perspectiva del Trabajo Social. Dicha propuesta pretende aunar los nuevos paradigmas de intervención y servir de herramienta metodológica a las Entidades Tutelares en la España del siglo XXI.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF MOTHERS TOWARDS MEASLES AND MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA (MMR) VACCINE IN IDI- ABA COMMUNITY ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA
Authors: Oluseye O. M. , Jimoh N. A. , Ogunleye C. A. 
Published: November 2021

Measles has remained endemic in some part of the world where the vaccine is not easily accessible. Although vaccine is available in some parts of the world, with routine immunization services and campaigns, many children are yet to be vaccinated. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge and attitude towards measles and Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccine (MMR) among mothers in Idi-aba community. This was a descriptive research design using multistage sampling technique to choose participants for the study. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect information from participants. After the distribution and collection of the questionnaires, data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that 93.2% (386) and 65.9% (273) participants indicated that they knew what measles and MMR vaccines are respectively. However, overall analysis revealed that only 165 (39%) participants had high knowledge of measles and MMR vaccine while 303 (74%) had good attitude towards measles and MMR vaccine. This study showed that there are some knowledge gaps. Factors significantly associated with high percentage of mothers having good attitude are occupation (????2=20, P=0.000), income (????2=5.9, P=0.009) and parity (????2=23, P=0.000). In conclusion, this result implies that in order to sustain the good attitude displayed by the mothers, there is need for strategic intensive health educational programs for the mothers of the community.
Khảo sát khả năng xử lý nước thải chế biến thủy sản trên chất quang xúc tác N, W-TiIO2/Bentonit
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Hưng , Bùi Thị Minh Nguyệt , Lê Vũ Phong , Nguyễn Hữu Nghị 
Published: November 2021

Vật liệu N, W-TiO2/Bentonit được điều chế bằng phương pháp trộn ướt hỗn hợp bột khô N, W-TiO2 trong huyền phù bentonit, và tính chất của vật liệu được xác định bởi các phương pháp XRD,TEM và BET. Ảnh hưởng của thời gian và lượng chất xúc tác đến quá trình phân hủy quang các hợp chất hữu cơ có trong nước thải chế biến thủy sản cũng được khảo sát. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, vật liệu điều chế được có kích thước hạt khoảng 3,5 nm, diện tích bề mặt riêng khoảng 71,82 m2/g và có khả năng xử lý tốt nước thải chế biến thủy sản. Với lượng chất xúc tác 150 g/100 L nước thải và thời gian phân hủy khoảng 6 giờ thì nước thải sau quá trình xử lý đã đạt được mức A theo tiêu chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về nước thải.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN MOTIVASI UNTUK SEMBUH PADA PASIEN KANKER YANG MENJALANI KEMOTERAPI DI RSU. IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA
Authors: Yanti Silaban Nataria , Edisyah Putra Ritonga  
Published: November 2021

Kanker adalah pertumbuhan sel abnormal yang cenderung menyerang jaringan disekitarnya dan menyebar ke organ tubuh lain yang letaknya jauh. Pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi kadang-kadang merasa pesimis bahwa penyakitnya tidak dapat diatasi atau tidak dapat sembuh, untuk mengurangi rasa pesimis itu diperlukan dukungan keluarga sehingga pasien mempunyai motivasi untuk sembuh.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan mengetahui adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan motivasi untuk sembuh pada pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi di Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Tahun 2021.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kolerasi dengan pendekatan pengamatan sewaktu (cross sectional),dengan populasiberjumlah 30 orang dan pengambilan sampel dengan metode non probability sampling menggunakan purposive sampling.Teknik analisa data dengan menggunakan analisa data univariate dan bivariate dengan taraf signifikan 95% (≤ 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan motivasi untuk sembuh pada pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi dengan nilai P = 0,000 ± ≤ 0,05 di Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja IndonesiaTahun 2021.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan dan peneliti dapat memahami dan meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan dengan melibatkan keluarga untuk memotivasi pasien agar bersedia menjalani kemoterapi secara teraturdi wilayah kerja Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja IndonesiaTahun 2021.
Impact of maternal nationality on caesarean section rate variation in a high-income country
Authors: Shittu Saheed , Alansari Lolwa , Nattouf Fahed , Olukade Tawa , Abdallah Naji 
Published: November 2021

Background: Caesarean section (CS) rates have been reported to differ between immigrants and native-born women in high-income countries.
Objective: We assessed the CS rate and its relationship with the CS rate in country of nationality and other explanatory factors among women of different nationalities including Qatari women who underwent deliveries at our hospital to generate evidence that will quantify and help explain the observed CS rates in our hospital.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the second-largest public maternity hospital in Qatar, Al-Wakra Hospital (AWH), data for all births delivered in 2019 were retrieved from the hospital's electronic medical records. The CS rates and the crude and adjusted risks of Caesarean delivery for mothers from each nationality were determined, and the common indications for CS were analyzed based on nationality. The association between nationality and Caesarean delivery was examined using binomial logistic regression analysis, with Qatari women as the reference group. The correlation between CS rate in country of nationality and observed CS rates in Qatar was also examined using Pearson's correlation.
Results: The study population consisted of 4816 births by women of 68 nationalities, of which 4513 births were by women from 25 countries. The highest proportion of deliveries (n-1247, 25.9%) was by Indian women. The frequency of CS was the highest and lowest among Egyptian (49.6%) and Yemeni women (17.9%), respectively. Elective CS was predominantly performed in women of Arab nationalities; the most common indication was a history of previous multiple CSs. Emergency CS was primarily performed in women of Asian and Sub-Saharan African nationalities; the most common indications were failure to progress and fetal distress. For most nationalities, the CS rate in Qatar was associated with those of the countries of nationality.
Conclusions: The observed CS rates varied widely among women of different nationalities. The variation was influenced by maternal factors and medical indications as well as the CS rates in the country of nationality. We posit that cultural preferences, acculturation, and patient expectations influenced observed findings. More efforts are required to reduce primary CS rates and to help women make the most informed decisions regarding modes of delivery.
Key Message: CS rates varied widely among women of different nationalities. The variation was influenced by medical indications, maternal preferences, and CS rate in countries of nationality. The solution to reducing CS rates should be a culturally informed response.
Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty are Associated With Lower Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Patient Satisfaction Scores Compared With Primary Arthroplasty
Authors: Mercier Michael R. , Galivanche Anoop R. , Pathak Neil , Mets Elbert J. , Molho David A. , Elaydi Ali H. , Grauer Jonathan N. , Rubin Lee E. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
As rates of primary total joint arthroplasty continue to rise, so do rates of revision. Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are more frequently done at larger centers, are associated with higher morbidity, and may have different patient satisfaction outcomes. This study compares the survey results of Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) between patients who underwent primary versus revision THA or TKA.

Methods:
All adult patients who underwent inpatient, elective, primary, and revision THA or TKA at a single institution were selected for retrospective analysis. Patient demographics, comorbidities, functional status, surgical variables, 30-day outcomes, and HCAHPS scores were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine correlations between the aforementioned variables and top-box HCAHPS survey scores for primary versus revision THA and TKA.

Results:
Of 2,707 patients who met the inclusion criteria and had returned the HCAHPS survey, primary THA was documented in 1,075 patients (39.71%), revision THA in 75 (2.77%), primary TKA in 1,497 (55.30%), and revision TKA in 60 (2.22%). Revision THA patients were more functionally dependent, and TKA patients had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score than their primary comparators. Revisions had longer hospital length of stay for both procedures. For THA, revision THA patients demonstrated lower total top-box rates compared withprimary THA patients (71.64% versus 75.67% top-box, P < 0.001) and lower scores on the care from doctors subsection (76.26% versus 85.34%, P < 0.001) of the HCAHPS survey. Similarly, for TKA, revision TKA patients demonstrated lower total top-box rates (76.13% versus 79.22%, P < 0.013) and lower scores on the care from doctors subsection (66.28% versus 83.65%, P < 0.001) of the HCAHPS survey.

Discussion:
For both THA and TKA, revision procedures were associated with lower total HCAHPS scores and rated care from doctors. This suggests that HCAHPS scores may be biased by factors outside the surgeon's control, such as the complexity associated with revision procedures.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Fishing, Fishing Boats and Traditional Lore Based on Maritime Memorates Collected in the 19th and 20th Centuries in Ireland and Scotland
Authors: Mac Mathúna Séamus 
Published: November 2021

This paper will analyse and assess material contained in a corpus of maritime memorates, or stories of the sea, collected in Ireland and Scotland, in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is based on the Ulster University research project ‘Stories of the Sea: A Typological Study of Maritime Memorates in Modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic Folklore Traditions’, funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council, and aims to add to previous published studies on this subject, including Fomin and Mac Mathúna 2010, 2015, 2016.
The focus of this paper is on matters relating to fishing, fishermen and their boats, in Ireland, especially on the Gaelic-speaking western seaboard, and to a lesser extent in Scotland, during the period under consideration. Most of the narrators and some of the collectors themselves were fishermen, and the close bond and shared beliefs and taboos between informant and collector serves to emphasise the personal nature of the accounts. The information gained from these stories is supplemented here by works of other writers and scholars on Irish vernacular boats and on the practice of fishing and the legends, taboos and other matters associated with it.
Dialectometry and Genetic Demography of Cystic Fibrosis. When Results Converge: The Case of Western Brittany
Authors: Pellen Nadine , Solliec Tanguy 
Published: November 2021

This article was born out of two separate approaches carried out independently of one another. The first dealt with genetic demography and the second with variational linguistics, aiming to study the population and language of Brittany from a certain perspective. In their recent study of the genetic history of France, Saint Pierre et al. show that Brittany “is substantially closer to the population from north-west Europe than to the north of France, in spite of both being equally geographically close” (2020: 863). They propose that the Bretons’ earliest ancestors could be the descendants of early Neolithic pastoralist nomads from the Steppes (SP) who would have arrived in Brittany (i.e. the ‘NW cluster’) via north-western Europe. The second hypothesis would support the idea of a more recent migration from northern Europe with high SP proportion, i.e., Celtic and/or Anglo-Saxon. Our initial hypothesis is that the convergences in linguistics and genetics may be explained by a unique historical event, namely, the Brittonic settlement of the Armorican peninsula from the 4th through at least the 7th centuries and perhaps as late as the 8th century.
The application of linguistic distance measurements in the study of vernacular Breton varieties by means of a dialectometric analysis made it possible to observe clear correspondences between levels of linguistic similarity and the distribution of the genetic pools linked to cystic fibrosis. The convergence of our collective findings is most clearly manifested in the radical opposition of the north-western and the south-eastern zones of Breton-speaking Brittany in terms of the linguistic and genetic data. In our view, the scientific approach inherent to genetic and dialectometric research and the concordance of these data appear to not only reinforce many of the hypotheses advanced previously but to open new avenues for future research.
Restorative justice practice in forensic mental health settings: bridging the gap
Authors: Drennan Gerard , Swanepoel Fin 
Published: November 2021

Restorative justice practice in forensic mental health settings: bridging the gap
The ‘clinic’ has developed sophisticated systems for responding to the challenge of serious mental health conditions. Mental health services combine hierarchical decision-making processes, with clear medical authority, with interventions that are required to be evidence-based to the highest standard. This is a system in which ethical, defensible practice is imperative to protect the public and to protect practitioners from legal liability in the event of adverse outcomes. Restorative justice interventions are powerful ‘medicine’. At their best, they change lives. However, the evidence base for formal restorative justice interventions when ‘administered’ to people with severe mental health difficulties is almost non-existent. It is into this relative vacuum of empirical support that initial steps are being taken to formalise access to restorative justice for mental health populations. This article will consider the challenges for applications of restorative justice in mental health settings and how the gap between the principle of equality of access and actual practice could be conceptualised and bridged. Recommendations include a rigorous commitment to meeting the needs of victims; a focus on the mental health patient’s capacity to consent rather than the capacity to benefit; practice-based evidence development and the inclusion of restorative justice awareness in all mental health practitioner training.