bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential importance of vital capacity for the safety of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in patients with pulmonary dysfunction
Authors: Akabane Miho , Matoba Shuichiro , Fujii Takatsugu , Hiramatsu Kosuke , Okazaki Naoto , Hanaoka Yutaka , Toda Shigeo , Kuroyanagi Hiroya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the safety of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with pulmonary dysfunction, and evaluated risk factors (RF) for post‐operative complications.MethodsWe defined pulmonary dysfunction as having any diagnosed pulmonary disease with spirometry findings of obstructive or restrictive defects. Clinicopathological factors of 213 patients with pulmonary dysfunction who underwent laparoscopic surgery for CRC at Toranomon Hospital from 1999 to 2016 were evaluated to retrospectively identify RFs for any post‐operative complications and major complications, namely post‐operative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Examined preoperative factors included age, gender, body mass index, tumour location, smoking history, percentage vital capacity (%VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0), a ratio of FEV1.0 to forced vital capacity and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grade. Intraoperative factors, such as operative time, blood loss and blood transfusion, were also assessed.ResultsForty patients (18.8%) developed any complications including PPCs. Multivariate analysis revealed that male, rectal cancer and spirometry findings (both low FEV1.0 (0.8 L) and low %VC (<95)) were RFs (P = 0.026, 0.003 and 0.007, respectively). Six cases (2.8%) developed PPCs. The prevalence of PPCs was higher in patients with both low %VC (<95%) and low FEV1.0 (<0.8 L), with statistical significance (P = 0.006).ConclusionOur study suggested that not only low FEV1.0 but also low %VC was an important RF for post‐operative complications after laparoscopic surgery for CRC.
Safety and outcomes after oesophagectomy in southern New Zealand: a 25‐year audit of a low volume centre
Authors: Elliott Thomas B. , Cha Ryan , Clifford Kari , Popadich Aleksandra , Nagra Sonal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOver the last 2 decades, outcomes for oesophageal cancer have improved due to advances in surgical and oncological practice. Optimizing outcomes by centralization of oesophagectomy to high‐volume centres has been observed. The aim of this study was to establish if technical and oncological outcomes after oesophagectomy in southern New Zealand are comparable to recent benchmarks.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing oesophagectomy for cancer and benign pathology at Dunedin Hospital from 1995 to 2019 were prospectively audited. For malignant cases, histology was obtained retrospectively along with details of neo‐adjuvant and adjuvant therapy. The primary outcome was disease‐specific survival, stratified by time, resection margin, and TNM staging. Secondary outcomes included mortality and morbidity of oesophagectomy. Complications were graded using the Clavien‐Dindo classification.ResultsOesophagectomy was performed in 108 patients, and 99 patients had surgery for oesophageal malignancy. The median survival was 35.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 30.0–93.4) months and the 5‐year survival overall was 41.7%. Comparing survival in patients undergoing oesophagectomy up to 2006 and afterwards showed an improvement in 5‐year survival (30.3%, 95% CI (14.2–60.0) versus 47.8%, 95% CI (32.5, not reached), respectively, P = 0.041). There were two perioperative deaths (1.8%), six clinical anastomotic leaks (5.5%), four anastomotic strictures (3.7%) and five chylothoraces (4.6%).ConclusionThis 25‐year survey of oesophagectomy in southern New Zealand audits the results of a low volume centre, where a variety of neo‐adjuvant treatments have been used. Despite this, perioperative morbidity, mortality and survival are comparable to those achieved by international high‐volume centres.
Efficacy of bilateral lateral rectus recession versus unilateral recession and resection for basic‐type intermittent exotropia: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhu Qiurong , Liu Longqian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the efficacy of bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) versus unilateral recession and resection (RR) for the treatment of patients with basic‐type intermittent exotropia (IXT).MethodsWe systematically searched the EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies published before April 2020 with no language restrictions. Related studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included. The primary outcomes were success rate and mean postoperative deviation. Odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsFrom 1243 screened articles, a total of 10 studies involving 967 patients were included in the analysis. No differences were observed in success rates between the BLR and RR groups at 1‐day to 1‐week postoperatively (OR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.53 to 1.53, p = 0.69), or at 6‐month postoperatively (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.59 to 2.11, p = 0.74), or at the last follow‐up visit (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.44 to 1.34, p = 0.34). The unsatisfactory effects (the overcorrection and undercorrection rates) between the two groups were comparable. In addition, there were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative deviation at 1‐day to 1‐week postoperatively (MD: 0.03, 95% CI: −1.32 to 1.27, p = 0.97), or at 6‐month postoperatively (MD: 1.42, 95% CI: −0.43 to 3.27, p = 0.13) or at the last follow‐up visit (MD: 0.29, 95% CI: −1.39 to 1.97, p = 0.74).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis provides evidence that both the BLR and RR procedures have similar efficacy for the treatment of basic‐type IXT.
Functional and anatomical outcomes after successful repair of macula‐off retinal detachment: a 12‐month follow‐up of the DOREFA study
Authors: Baudin Florian , Deschasse Clémence , Gabrielle Pierre‐Henry , Berrod Jean P. , Le Mer Yannick , Arndt Carl , Tadayoni Ramin , Delyfer Marie N. , Weber Michel , Gaucher David , Saleh Maher , Chiquet Christophe , Creuzot‐Garcher Catherine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo report visual and anatomical outcomes and determine predictors of good visual acuity (VA) recovery after macula‐off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD).MethodsProspective multicentre study including 115 eyes from 115 patients successfully operated on for RD, with assessment of VA and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) macular images at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.ResultsOver the follow‐up period, VA significantly improved from median [IQR] 62 [46; 72] ETDRS letters at 1 month to 75 [67; 80] ETDRS letters at 12 months (p < 0.001) with a concomitant decreased number of eyes with any SD‐OCT lesions (p < 0.001). The presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) significantly decreased (p < 0.001), as did the number of photoreceptor (PR) layer lesions (p = 0.04). At 12 months, lesions in the PR layer and poor VA recovery were significantly associated with a longer time to surgery (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively). The rate of patients without PR lesions increased from 40.9% at 1 month to 60.0% at 6 months and 73.9% at 12 months (p < 0.001). The incidence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) significantly increased (p < 0.001), while cystoid macular oedema (CME) remained stable over time. Visual acuity (VA) at 3 months postoperatively was a good reflection of final VA recovery (p < 0.001).ConclusionVisual acuity (VA) improved in parallel with the decreasing number of eyes with SD‐OCT lesions after macula‐off rhegmatogenous RD. A long time to surgery was the only preoperative factor associated with poor VA recovery after retinal detachment surgery.
Perceived social support and postpartum depression symptoms across geographical contexts: Findings from the 2016 Ohio Pregnancy Assessment survey
Authors: Collins Hannah N. , Oza‐Frank Reena , Marshall Cassondra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between perceived social support and postpartum depression symptoms (PDS) and to understand how this association may differ for urban, suburban, rural Appalachian, and rural non‐Appalachian women in Ohio.MethodsData were obtained via the 2016 Ohio Pregnancy Assessment Survey (n = 3382), a representative sample of postpartum women in Ohio. We conducted bivariate analyses to assess the associations between self‐perceived social support and PDS, and covariates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted using a modified Poisson distribution to estimate the association between social support and PDS, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. We also examined geographical context as an independent predictor of PDS and as an effect modifier for the association between social support and PDS.Results15.6% of survey respondents experienced PDS. Women with low levels of social support had slightly higher prevalence (aPR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0‐2.1) of PDS compared to women with high social support. Geographic context was an independent predictor of PDS; women in rural Appalachia had significantly lower prevalence (aPR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2‐0.9) of PDS compared to women in urban areas. We did not find that geographical context modified the relationship between social support and PDS (Wald P = .5).ConclusionsLow social support was associated with increased PDS but did not reach statistical significance. Women living in rural Appalachia had a lower prevalence of PDS. Future studies should explore the reasons for lower rates of PDS in rural Appalachia.
Preferences of women with low obstetric risk for cesarean or vaginal birth in Poland: Areas for intervention
Authors: Michalik Anna , Wojcicka Lucyna , Czerwińska‐Osipiak Agnieszka , Zdun‐Ryżewska Agata , Jakitowicz Karolina , Olszewska Jolanta , Krauze Magdalena , Jakitowicz Mateusz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Poland, the rate of cesarean birth (CB) is 43%, which is much higher than the European average of 27%. Optimizing the CB birth rate is of critical importance, especially among women with low‐risk pregnancies. However, the determinants of cesarean preference among low‐risk women in Poland have not been well explored.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 1011 pregnant women and aimed to identify associations between selected determinants of women's preferences for CB vs. vaginal birth (VB) in Poland. A descriptive questionnaire was distributed online, and a theoretical model was validated against empirically gathered data. Group comparisons were performed using the Welch t test for continuous data or chi‐square test for categorical data. All statistical analyses were performed using R (R Core Team, 2018).ResultsThe mean age of women preferring CB (30.46 years) was 1.25 years higher than that of women preferring VB (29.21 years). Pregnant women who expressed a preference for CB tended to be multigravid, inhabited cities, and were characterized by higher levels of anxiety and depression. Moreover, the majority of women who underwent a previous CB asserted their intention to repeat the procedure for the current pregnancy.ConclusionsThe primary factors that were correlated with high CB preference among the low‐risk group included age, previous childbirth experiences, and anxiety. The underlying reasons that drive birth preferences remain poorly understood. However, women who have previously undergone difficult childbirth experiences and are afraid of pain require specialized care.
The opportunity costs of birth in Australia: Hospital resource savings for a post–COVID‐19 era
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Bull Claudia , McInnes Rhona , Toohill Jocelyn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 caused significant disruptions to health systems globally; however, restricting the family presence during birth saw an increase in women considering community birth options. This study aimed to quantify the hospital resource savings that could occur if all low‐risk women in Australia gave birth at home or in birth centers.MethodsA whole‐of‐population linked administrative data set containing all women (n = 44 498) who gave birth in Queensland, Australia, between 01/07/2012 and 30/06/2015 was reweighted to represent all Australian women giving birth in 2017. A static microsimulation model of woman and infant health service resource use was created based on 2017 data. The model was comprised of a base model, representing "current" care, and a counterfactual model, representing hypothetical scenarios where all low‐risk Australian women gave birth at home or in birth centers.ResultsIf all low‐risk women gave birth at home in 2017, cesarean rates would have reduced from 13.4% to 2.7%. Similarly, there would have been 860 fewer inpatient bed days and 10.1 fewer hours of women's intensive care unit time per 1000 births. If all women gave birth in birth centers, cesarean rates would have reduced to 6.7%. In addition, over 760 inpatient bed days would have been saved along with 5.6 hours of women's intensive care unit time per 1000 births.ConclusionsSignificant health resource savings could occur by shifting low‐risk births from hospitals to home birth and birth center services. Greater examination of Australian women's preferences for home birth and birth center birth models of care is needed.
How technology can enhance treatment: A scoping review of clinical interventions for anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive spectrum disorders
Authors: Cooper David , Champion Sophie M. , Stavropoulos Lauren , Grisham Jessica R. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesResearchers are increasingly investigating how technology could be used to improve the efficacy of treatment for anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive (OC) spectrum disorders. A broad range of technologies, disorders and therapeutic processes have been examined in the literature. This review summarizes the evidence for using technology in clinical interventions for anxiety and OC‐spectrum disorders and highlights research gaps that should be addressed to improve the evidence base.MethodsA scoping review was conducted based on systematic searches of three databases. Broadly, the criteria included interventions that had integrated technology into clinical contexts to enhance treatment for anxiety and OC‐spectrum disorders. All records were double‐screened by two reviewers, and data were extracted on the characteristics of interventions, symptom outcomes, and implementation factors.ResultsSearches returned 2,475 studies, of which 117 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Although almost all studies reported pre‐post‐symptom reductions, only one quarter of the controlled studies demonstrated additive effect of technology‐based interventions in between‐group analyses. We noted a trend in underreporting implementation factors.ConclusionsTechnology‐based interventions can improve the efficacy of treatment for anxiety and OC‐spectrum disorders, but there are challenges to achieving this goal. Based on a review of the included studies, we provide four specific recommendations to improve the quality and likelihood of success of future research projects.Practitioner points

Technology‐based adjuvants are unlikely to improve the efficacy of treatment for anxiety or OC‐spectrum disorders based on their novelty or convenience alone.

A subset of studies gives hope that specific innovations can improve treatment when targeting a therapeutic process that has been problematic.

Clinicians seeking to improve the efficacy of their treatment should first define client‐specific therapeutic factors (e.g., homework compliance) that could be leveraged, then apply a specific innovation to address this factor.
Cognitive decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Neuropathological substrate and genetic determinants
Authors: Borrego‐Écija Sergi , Turon‐Sans Janina , Ximelis Teresa , Aldecoa Iban , Molina‐Porcel Laura , Povedano Mónica , Rubio Miguel Angel , Gámez Josep , Cano Antonio , Paré‐Curell Martí , Bajo Lorena , Sotoca Javier , Clarimón Jordi , Balasa Mircea , Antonell Anna , Lladó Albert , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Rojas‐García Ricard , Gelpi Ellen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCognitive impairment and behavioral changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are now recognized as part of the disease. Whether it is solely related to the extent of TDP‐43 pathology is currently unclear. We aim to evaluate the influence of age, genetics, neuropathological features, and concomitant pathologies on cognitive impairment in ALS patients. We analyzed a postmortem series of 104 ALS patients and retrospectively reviewed clinical and neuropathological data. We assessed the burden and extent of concomitant pathologies, the role of APOE ε4 and mutations, and correlated these findings with cognitive status. We performed a logistic regression model to identify which pathologies are related to cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline was recorded in 38.5% of the subjects. Neuropathological features of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) were found in 32.7%, explaining most, but not all, cases with cognitive impairment. Extent of TDP‐43 pathology and the presence of hippocampal sclerosis were associated with cognitive impairment. Mutation carriers presented a higher burden of TDP‐43 pathology and FTLD more frequently than sporadic cases. Most cases (89.4%) presented some degree of concomitant pathologies. The presence of concomitant pathologies was associated with older age at death. FTLD, but also Alzheimer’s disease, were the predominant underlying pathologies explaining the cognitive impairment in ALS patients. In sum, FTLD explained the presence of cognitive decline in most but not all ALS cases, while other non‐FTLD related findings can influence the cognitive status, particularly in older age groups.
Breaking down shell strength: inferences from experimental compression and future directions enabled by3Dprinting
Authors: Johnson Erynn H. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMollusc and brachiopod shells have served as biological armour for hundreds of millions of years. Studying shell strength in compression experiments can provide insights into macroevolution, predator–prey dynamics, and anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems. These studies have been conducted across fields including palaeontology, ecology, conservation biology and engineering using a range of techniques for a variety of purposes. Using this approach, studies have demonstrated that predators can cause changes in prey shell morphology in the laboratory over both short timescales and over longer evolutionary timescales. Similarly, environmental factors such as nutrient concentration and ocean acidification have been shown to influence shell strength. Experimental compression tests have been used to study the functional morphology of shell‐crushing predators and to test how the taphonomic state of shells (e.g. presence of drill holes, degree of shell degradation) may influence their likelihood of being preserved in the fossil record. This review covers the basic principles and experimental design of compression tests used to infer shell strength. Although many investigations have used this methodology, few provide a detailed explanation of how meaningfully to interpret data generated using compression experiments for those unfamiliar with this method. Furthermore, this review provides a compilation of the findings of studies that have employed these experimental methods to address specific themes: taphonomy, morphology, predation, environmental variables, and climate change. Many authors have used experimental compression tests, however, disparities among methodologies (e.g. in experimental design, taxa, specimen preservation, etc.) limit the applicability of findings from taxon‐specific studies to broader eco‐evolutionary questions. The review highlights confounding factors, such as shell thickness, size, damage, microstructure, and taphonomic state, and address how they can be mitigated using three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed model shells. 3D prints have been demonstrated as valuable proxies for understanding aspects of shell morphology that cannot otherwise be experimentally isolated. Using 3D printed models allows simplification of complex biological systems for idealized experimental studies. Such studies can isolate specific aspects of shell morphology to establish fundamental relationships between form and function. Establishing standardized methods of testing shell strength in this way will not only permit comparison across studies but also will enable investigators systematically to add complexity to their models.
PD‐L1 positively regulates MET phosphorylation through inhibiting PTP1B
Authors: Lu Shangyun , Sun Zhenou , Hu Wenli , Yin Shutao , Zhao Chong , Hu Hongbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasing bodies of evidence support the involvement of tumor‐intrinsic action in PD‐L1‐mediated cancer progression. However, the mechanisms underlying the tumor‐intrinsic function of PD‐L1 are less well understood. In the present study, we found a positive correlation between PD‐L1 expression and MET phosphorylation in lung cancer and melanoma cell lines. PD‐L1 inhibition led to a decrease in MET phosphorylation, while PD‐L1 induction by IFN‐γ resulted in a PD‐L1‐dependent increase of MET phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that MET phosphorylation can be positively regulated by PD‐L1. Furthermore, we identified PTP1B as a mediator contributing to the regulation of MET phosphorylation by PD‐L1. In agreement with the induction of MET phosphorylation by PD‐L1, inhibition of PD‐L1 caused reduced phosphorylation of ERKs, a known downstream kinase of MET, and inhibited cell proliferation. Collectively, the present study demonstrated for the first time that the MET pathway, as a downstream of PD‐L1, contributed to its tumor‐intrinsic effect, and provided a novel mechanistic explanation for the tumor‐intrinsic function of PD‐L1 and a rationale for the combination of immunotherapy and MET‐targeted therapy in cancer treatment.
Prenatal ultrasonographic findings and fetal/neonatal outcomes of body stalk anomaly
Authors: Nagase Hiromi , Ohyama Makiko , Yamamoto Masafumi , Akamatsu Chika , Miyake Yumi , Nagashima Ami , Sasaki Megumi , Ishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe studied 27 cases that were post or prenatally diagnosed with body stalk anomaly (BSA) using medical records of prenatal ultrasound findings, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal/neonatal prognosis during 1992 to 2018. Termination of pregnancy was chosen in 15 cases. Of the remaining 12 cases, seven were stillbirths and five were live births. Of seven stillbirths, intrauterine fetal demise occurred before onset of labor in four cases at 17 to 20th weeks of pregnancy. Pregnancy was continued in eight cases. Median gestational age of delivery was 33rd weeks of pregnancy. Median birth weight was 1198 g (range:482‐1914 g). Vaginal delivery was chosen in six and caesarean delivery in two cases. Among six vaginally delivered cases, three (50%) fetuses were stillborn. All five live born neonates died within a few hours (16‐133 minutes). Eighteen cases were confirmed as BSA postnatally by placental examination or autopsy at our hospital. Main prenatal ultrasonographic findings of them were abdominal wall defect (100%), absence of the umbilical cord (72%), abnormal spine (61%), and abnormal legs (50%). The most characteristic prenatal ultrasonography findings of BSA were the absence of free umbilical cord in the amniotic cavity and the presence of abdominal organs into the extraembryonic celom through abdominal wall defects. The autopsy showed severe pulmonary hypoplasia with the median lung/body weight ratio of 0.61% (range:0.34‐0.85%). There were no cases of maternal morbidities. Our study provides important information about the pregnancy outcome and the fetal/neonatal outcome of BSA cases for the parents whose fetuses are diagnosed with BSA prenatally.