bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Kampamba Martin , Cheela Trevor , Hikaambo Christabel Nang’andu , Mudenda Steward , Saini Kennedy , Chabalenge Billy 
Published: June 2021

Background: Unsafe disposal of unused and expired household medicines is a public health problem and mostly occur because of a lack of knowledge towards suitable medicine disposal methods. Thus, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on the disposal methods of unused and expired medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 385 students from three higher learning academic institutions were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire from 10th May to 24th June 2019. The cleaned data was then transferred to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis.Results: The mean age of the participants was 23 (SD±2.9). Out of the 385 participants, 215 (55.8%) did not know much about medical waste and 345 (89.6%) of them did not have any previous information regarding proper and safe disposal of unused and expired medicine. However, 351 (91.4%) of the participants appropriately responded that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicine poses a threat to human health and can harm the environment. Throwing unused and expired medicine in household garbage/bin was the most frequently used disposal practice followed by flushing them in toilet/sink as responded by 231 (60.0%) and 128 (33.3%) of participants respectively. Only 17 (4.42%) reported returning unused and expired medicines to the nearest pharmacy. Conclusions: The majority of the study participants used unsafe methods to dispose of unused and expired medicine. However, most of the participants acknowledged that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicines is a public health problem and proposed the need to introduce drug take-back programs in the communities.
Awareness of typical speech-language development among parents of children with hearing impairment
Authors: Pallavi Pooja , Waknis Aarti P. 
Published: June 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Parents of children with hearing impairment who are aware of normal speech-language development play an effective and active role in the early detection, diagnosis, and habilitation of these children. Hence this study was aimed to explore the level of awareness about normal speech and language milestones in parents of children with hearing impairment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Questionnaire assessing the parents’ awareness of speech-language development in children from birth to 3 years was administered on 80 parents of children (birth to 5 years) with hearing impairment. These included 40 parents of children recently diagnosed with hearing impairment (group 1 HI-R) and 40 parents of children with hearing impairment who were fitted with appropriate hearing devices and enrolled in a speech and language habilitation program (group II HI-T). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results indicated that the level of awareness was moderate for both the groups for semantic and morphosyntax domains as well as total scores, but was low to moderate for the pragmatic domain. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of awareness between the two groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Moderate awareness levels indicates that parents of children with hearing impairment need to be made aware about the normal speech and language development so that it can guide them in the habilitation process. This information although important does not appear to have been provided to the parents of children already undergoing habilitation. Thus, there is need of including this as a goal in parental counseling.</p>
Evaluation of functional outcome of diaphyseal fractures of shaft humerus treated with closed interlocking nail in adults
Authors: Naser M. Abdul , Vare Sunil Asaram , Shah Abbas Shakir 
Published: June 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Humeral shaft fractures are those fractures of the diaphysis of the midshaft that do not involve the proximal or distal articular joints. Humerus fractures have a substantial impact on personal function and well‐being and are one of the causes of excessive mortality among the elderly. The aim and objective of the study was to study the functional assessment after interlocking nailing in fractures of shaft humerus.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective clinical study was done on 20 patients with shaft humerus fractures treated with intramedullary nailing by orthopaedic surgeons at a tertiary care centre in the Department of Orthopaedics, Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research, Noor hospital, Jalna between January 2020 to July 2020 (DASH Score being calculated till January 2021). The DASH score was assessed 6 months post-operative day of surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>For all the operated patients clinical, physiological and ortho-radiological assessment were performed to observe and evaluate fracture stabilization, reduction, fracture healing and callus formation, functional evaluation done with DASH scoring system.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Closed intramedullary nailing is safe and reliable technique to fix humeral shaft fracture. It provides early fracture consolidation, with high union rate, with advantage of early mobilization of the involved limb.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Dual plate osteosynthesis in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures-case series
Authors: Rao Shreekantha Koteshwara Surendra , Mulla Mahammad Aseem Mahammadgous , Malik Deepak , Usman Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

<p>Tibial plateau fractures accounts for about 1% of injuries. Various mechanisms have been described, resulting in milder form to serious injuries depending upon force of impact. High velocity injuries resulted from valgus or varus impacted forces combined with axial loading such as in Schatzker type 6. The ideal method of treatment for these fractures is always a matter of debate. As all intra-articular fractures necessitate anatomic reduction of the articular surface, restoration of axial alignment, and stable fixation, which can be achieved very well by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with dual plating. To study the functional and radiological outcome of Tibial plateau fractures treated surgically with dual plate osteosynthesis. 15 patients in the age group 18-60 were included. Rasmussens criteria was used to assess the functional and radiological outcomes with follow up period of 1 year prospectively. The outcome assessment using Rasmussens score concluded good results. The average duration for union was ­6 months. ROM achieved in these patients were to be at least 124 degrees. The infection rate in this study was accounted as 13.3%. Open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures, by dual plating has good functional and radiological outcome. This is an effective method of treatment even with moderate soft tissue injury if meticulous surgical technique, appropriate soft tissue handling and adequate healing period given. All these have shown to decrease the postoperative complications such as infection.</p>
Supervision of Academic Supervisor and Quality of ‎Education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Hasanah Nur 
Published: June 2021

Supervisors are one of the most important elements in ensuring the quality of madrasah education. Therefore, the duty of the supervisor have to be in accordance with the work program about the quality of education in the madrasah is in accordance with the standards set by the madrasah. The maximum implementation of supervisory to the academic supervision will help the quality of madrasah education to be achieved. This study aims to determine the academic supervisory competence of madrasah supervisors, the quality of madarasah education, and the relation of academic supervisory competence and the quality of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education in the Sub-district of West Ungaran Barat, Semarang District.This study used the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. And the data analysis used flow flows. The conclusion of this study was that the academic supervision competence of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah supervisor has been carried out but has not been maximally in accordance with the supervisor's work program. While, the education quality of MI Nyatnyono 2 and MI Lerep in the process standards and results have not been maximized. And the relations of the supervisors' academic competency supervision and MI (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) quality education are associative relations in the form of cooperation, accommodation and supervisory associations in conducting academic supervision in the MI so that the quality of MI education in standard processes and results can be carried out even though it is not maximized.
Engaging Respectfully with Indigenous Knowledges
Authors: Callison Camille , Ludbrook Ann , Owen Victoria , Nayyer Kim 
Published: June 2021

This paper contributes to building respectful relationships between Indigenous (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit) peoples and Canada's cultural memory institutions, such as libraries, archives and museums, and applies to knowledge repositories that hold tangible and intangible traditional knowledge. The central goal of the paper is to advance understandings to allow cultural memory institutions to respect, affirm, and recognize Indigenous ownership of their traditional and living Indigenous knowledges and to respect the protocols for their use. This paper honours the spirit of reconciliation through the joint authorship of people from Indigenous, immigrant, and Canadian heritages. The authors outline the traditional and living importance of Indigenous knowledges; describe the legal framework in Canada, both as it establishes a system of enforceable copyright and as it recognizes Indigenous rights, self-determination, and the constitutional protections accorded to Indigenous peoples; and recommend an approach for cultural memory institutions to adopt and recognize Indigenous ownership of their knowledges, languages, cultures, and histories by developing protocols with each unique Indigenous nation.
IMPACT OF CURRENT ACCOUNT GAPS ON INFLATION IN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Ahmad Sardar Shakeel , Jaffri Atif Ali , Rana Faisal , Khan Asadullah 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The current study estimated the impact of current account gaps (CAGAP) on inflation in South Asian countries, namely, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
Methodology: CAGAP is estimated through macroeconomic fundamentals by applying panel time series data methodology from 1990 to 2018. We adopted the bias-corrected least square dummy variable (LSDVC) estimation technique for the time series macro and dynamic panel to find the impact of CAGAP on inflation.
Principal findings: CAGAP negatively affected consumer price inflation rate while Lag of inflation, trade openness, age dependency, and oil prices positively affected inflation rate in the selected sample countries. In LSDVC, the Blundell and Bond (BB), Arellano-Bond (AB), Anderson and Hsiao (AH) estimates are determined while system and difference GMM estimates also confirmed the results. Therefore, LSDVC-AB is selected from the three versions of LSDVC as baseline regression based on higher significance and lower standard error.
Applications of the Study: CAGAP affects inflation, so it should be estimated annually in all these countries for macroeconomic stability as IMF annually estimates for developed countries in an external sector report. It is worthwhile to estimate CAN regularly and watch it for CAB evaluation and future Adjustment. Based on the results, the study recommends that tailored policies and interventions focus on the structural distortions and slow-changing factors to eradicate CAGAP.
Novelty/ Originality of the Study: A few empirical studies have scrutinized the role of CAB on macroeconomic variables. No empirical study on CAGAP and its consequences are available in the selected region's existing literature to the best of our knowledge.
Self-Efficacy Effects of Maccabi Telecare Center Diabetes Mellitus Intervention: Do Men and Women Benefit Equally?
Authors: Irony Angela , Magnezi Racheli , Vilensky Sela Yael 
Published: June 2021

Background and PurposeA growing body of evidence points to physiological and psychological gender differences in the manifestation and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study is part of a large-scale, prospective trial investigating the effects of Maccabi Telecare Center (MTC) interventions on self-efficacy. Here, we focus on the effects of gender on diabetes self-efficacy related to depressive symptom severity and illness representation.MethodsA prospective open-label study investigating the effect of tele-based intervention on diabetes self-efficacy. Participants completed the following questionnaires: Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) (self-efficacy), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) (depression), and Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) (illness representation). Data were collected at three time points: Baseline (T1), 3–4 months (T2), and 8–9 months (T3).ResultsAlthough men and women exhibited similar baseline self-efficacy levels, men scored significantly higher than women over time, at T2 (p < .05) and T3 (p < .05). Consistent gender differences were observed throughout the study in depression and illness representations: women scored higher than men on PHQ-9 (3.94 vs. 5.57, p < .001), and perceived their diabetes consequences as more severe than men (p < .001). A linear regression analyses indicated that MTC intervention, age, baseline self-efficacy, and depression at T3 explained 39.8% of the variance of self-efficacy at the conclusion of the study for both genders, although more strongly for men.Implications for PracticeThis study indicates that the effects of a treatment intervention for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are gender specific. Thus, gender-tailored interventions may be advised to further improve outcomes for women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Attitudes, Knowledge, and Skills Toward Adopting Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Decision-Making of Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almoajel Alia 
Published: June 2021

Background and PurposeEvidence-based practice (EBP) is generally recognized as a fundamental tenet of cost-effective and high-quality patient care. Nurses must be engaged with the appropriate attitude and educated with essential competencies to implement EBP systematically into their daily practice. This study assessed the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of registered nurses toward the adoption of EBP in making clinical decisions in their practice.MethodsThis quantitative, crosssectional study surveyed a convenience sample of 312 nurses from five regions in Saudi Arabia from October 2019 to December 2019.ResultsThe majority of nurses were unknowledgeable about the acceptable definition of EBP. The highest overall mean score was reported in the motivation subscale, followed by the skill and barrier subscales. The attitude subscale received the lowest overall mean score, which denotes a positive attitude. The nationality, level of nursing education, and years of experience had significant multivariate effects on nurses' EBP skills. Consequently, designation and EBP training had significant multivariate effects on nurses' perceived barriers to EBP adoption.Implications for PracticeNurses lack EBP knowledge. Nonetheless, they are motivated with positive attitudes to implement EBP in their professional practice if they are given adequate training and resources, sufficient time and managerial support, and mentoring from nurses with adequate EBP experience. Heightening the understanding and utilization of the best available scientific resources about EBP into nurses' daily clinical decision and practice is essential.
THE FIRST REPORT OF ABNORMAL AGE RINGS IN OTOLITHS LAPILLUS OF ARIIDS CATFISH
Authors: MORAIS Igor Souza de , AZEVEDO Juliana de Souza 
Published: June 2021

The present work aimed to record the first presence of abnormal age rings in Cathorops spixii lapillus otoliths from Cananeia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC), Southern region of Brazilian coast. In August 2018, 59 specimens of C. spixii (Siluriformes, Ariidae) were collected during one station sampling in the northern (n = 25) and another in the southern sector (n = 33) of CIELC. In general, among the otoliths that presented age ring alterations, this divergent zone was observed in opaque and translucent layers, on the right side, between the fifth and seventh age rings.
Preservation of the intangible cultural heritage through the implementation of additional general education programs in the field of fine arts
Authors: Lovtsova Irina Vladimirovna , Burovkina Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Sheshko Anna Sergeevna 
Published: June 2021

The problem of preserving the traditions of academic art and folk culture as part of the intangible cultural heritage of the country is becoming more urgent every year. One of the solutions to this problem is the transfer of knowledge and technology using additional general education programs.
Implementation of additional general education programs reveals the practical possibilities of children’s creativity and shows the effectiveness of forms and methods for preserving the intangible cultural heritage through the practical development of techniques and technologies of artistic creation by children, which are based on academic or folk traditions. This, in the authors’ opinion, introduces the scientific novelty of this study. The theoretical basis of pedagogical mastery is studied and the need for a competency-based approach in the implementation of additional education programs on the example of the experience of children’s art schools is shown. In addition, the study substantiates the need for the effective construction of educational and methodological support for educational programs, the actualization and development of teacher’s competencies, as well as the preservation and development of methods containing the basic principles and technologies of the academic foundations of fine arts and folk crafts. Proposals to organize support for the implementation of additional general education programs in the field of fine and decorative arts and folk crafts are made.
Exploration of Business English Talents Training in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Yan Li 
Published: June 2021

With the further development of economic globalization and information technology, e-commerce has won great support from enterprises. Meanwhile, cross-border e-commerce has broken the traditional form of trade, greatly saving trade costs for enterprises. Therefore, with the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce, foreign companies and e-commerce enterprises have an increasingly urgent demand for business English talents. So it is necessary for colleges and universities to explore a new business English training mode to train some talents who can better promote economic development based on China’s economic demand.
X-RAY TOMOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY AS A MEANS TO SYSTEMATICALLY TRACK EXPERIMENTAL DECAY AND FOSSILIZATION
Authors: SELLY TARA , SCHIFFBAUER JAMES D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Laboratory-based decay experiments have become commonly used to supplement our understanding of how organisms enter the fossil record. Differences in how these experiments are designed and evaluated, however, including dissimilarities in qualitative decay-scoring indices superimposed on variability in model organisms, renders any semblance of comparison between studies unreliable. Here, we introduce the utility of X-ray tomographic microscopy (μCT) as a means for reliable and repeatable analysis of soft-tissue decay experiment products. As proof-of-concept, we used a relatively simple experimental design with classic studies as comparators, and present our analytical protocol using μCT for capturing the entire volume of the decay subject. Segmentation software then allows for 3D volume analysis and high-resolution internal and external character identification. We describe the workflow from sample preparation, contrast-staining, and data collection to processing and analysis of the resulting data, using peppermint shrimp (Lysmata wurdemanni) as model organisms, and compare our results to previous taphonomic studies. These methods allow for improved visualization and quantification of decay and internal volume analysis with minimal handling as compared to traditional qualitative scoring methods. Using the same scoring criteria as previous studies, this study revealed similar decay results for certain features, while we were additionally able to detect other feature loss or alteration earlier—importantly without need for potentially distortive sample handling. We conclude that μCT is a more effective, straightforward, and exact means for extracting quantitative data on the progression of decay and should be adopted in future studies, where available, to streamline and standardize comparisons.
Asthenospheric zircon below Galápagos dates plume activity
Authors: Rojas-Agramonte Yamirka , Kaus Boris , Piccolo Andrea , Williams Ian , Gerdes Axel , Wong Jean , Xie HangXian , Buhre Stephan , Toulkeridis Theofilos , Montero Pilar , Garcia-Casco Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mantle plumes are active for long periods of time1,2, however dating the onset of their activity is difficult. The magmatic products of the Galápagos plume, for example, have been subducted and fragmentarily accreted to the Caribbean and South American plates3,4. Based on submarine and terrestrial exposures it is inferred that the plume has been operating for ~90 Myrs5 or perhaps even longer (e.g., ~139 Myrs6). Here we show that the activity of the plume dates back to ~170 Ma. Evidence for this comes from 0 to 168 Ma zircon with isotopic plume signature (Galápagos Plume Array; GPA) recovered from lavas and sediments from ten islands of the archipelago. Given lithospheric plate motion, this result implies that GPA zircon predating the Galápagos lithosphere (i.e., >14 Ma) formed at asthenospheric depths. Thermo-mechanical numerical experiments of plume-lithosphere interaction show that old zircon grains can be stored within local astenospheric stable domains to be later captured by subsequent rising plume magmas. These results open new avenues for research on mantle plume dynamics in similar tectonic settings.