bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Military Outcomes of Kidney Diseases Diagnosed in Active Duty Service Members
Authors: Tobin Trevor W , Yuan Christina M , Nee Robert , Thurlow John S 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Renal biopsy is a valuable tool for determining diagnosis, management, and prognosis of intrinsic kidney diseases. Indications for biopsy depend on the clinical presentation. Within the military, renal biopsies also enable medical review boards to make military service fitness assessments after diagnosis of a kidney disease. There are no recent studies evaluating kidney disease diagnoses and clinical outcomes after renal biopsy at military treatment facilities. Additionally, no studies have examined overall healthcare and military career outcomes following renal biopsy.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all native renal biopsies performed on active duty beneficiaries at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center from 2005 to 2020. We determined the prevalence of those who progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), kidney transplantation, doubling of serum creatinine, nephrotic-range proteinuria (NRP; proteinuria &gt;3.5 g/day), medical evaluation board (MEB) outcomes, and death. The Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application and the Joint Legacy Viewer electronic medical record systems were used to access clinical and laboratory data at the time of biopsy and subsequent outcomes. Death data were collected using the Defense Suicide Prevention Office database.

Results
There were 169 patients in the cohort, with a mean follow-up of 7.3 years. Mean age was 32 years; 79% male; 48% white; and 37% black. Sixty-seven percentage of them were junior or senior enlisted. The most common indication for renal biopsy was concomitant hematuria and proteinuria (31%). The most common histologic diagnoses were immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (23%), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; 17%) and lupus nephritis (12%). Eleven percentage of them progressed to ESKD, of whom 87% received a kidney transplant (10% overall). Thirty percentage of the patients progressed to NRP and 5% died. Forty-seven percentage of our patients underwent MEB after diagnosis, and of these, 84% were not retained for further military service. Although IgA nephropathy was the most commonly diagnosed condition, FSGS and lupus nephritis diagnoses were significantly more likely to result in MEB.

Conclusions and Implications
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was the most frequent histologic diagnosis in active duty service members undergoing renal biopsy between 2005 and 2020. Despite being largely young and previously healthy, 11% progressed to ESKD and 5% died. A confirmed histologic diagnosis was associated with separation from the service and the end of military careers for 84% of the patients in the cohort who underwent MEB.
Middle Fossa Encephaloceles Treated via the Transmastoid Approach: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Scullen Tyler , Freeman Zane , Mathkour Mansour , Lockwood Joseph , Aslam Rizwan , Jackson Neal , Amenta Peter S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Middle fossa (MF) encephaloceles are rare lesions resulting from herniation through defects in the tegmen tympani or mastoideum. Underlying etiologies and clinical presentations are variable. Surgical goals include fistula obliteration, resection of nonfunctioning parenchyma, and dehiscence repair. The middle cranial fossa approach (MCFA), transmastoid approach (TMA), and combined (MCFA + TMA) approaches have been described. The minimally invasive TMA provides excellent exposure of the pathology and allows for ample working room to repair the defect.

OBJECTIVE
To present short-term follow-up results in patients treated via the TM repair at our institution.

METHODS
A retrospective review of patients with symptomatic encephaloceles treated via the TMA by our multidisciplinary team. Patient demographics, clinical presentations, intraoperative findings, repair technique, and outcomes were highlighted.

RESULTS
A total of 16 encephaloceles in 13 patients were treated. Defect etiologies included spontaneous (50.0%), secondary to chronic infection (25.0%), or cholesteatoma (18.8%). Defects were most often within the tegmen mastoideum (68.8%). Average length of surgery was 3.3 h (95% CI: 2.86-3.67) and length of stay 3.9 d (95% CI: 3.09-4.79). On short-term follow-up (average 11.5 mo), no patients experienced postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak or recurrence. The majority of patients (83.3%) experienced confirmed improvement or stabilization of hearing.

CONCLUSION
MF encephaloceles present with various clinical manifestations and result from multiple underlying etiologies. The TMA is an alternative to craniotomy and our short-term results suggest that this approach may be utilized effectively in appropriately selected cases.
Microsurgical Clipping and Bypass for Fusiform Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Khan Nickalus R , Chen Stephanie H , Morcos Jacques J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fusiform middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms that require treatment can often necessitate complex endovascular or microsurgical treatment. We present a case of a 25-yr-old female with an incidentally discovered left 14-mm fusiform MCA aneurysm incorporating the frontal MCA trunk origin in its dome. The location and anatomy were not favorable for endovascular treatment with flow diversion.
The patient was offered continued observation or microsurgical treatment. Direct clipping of this aneurysm was not possible. After a thorough discussion of the risks, benefits, indications, and natural history of the lesion, the patient desired to have the aneurysm treated given her young age, location, size of the aneurysm, and the significant clinical experience of the treating team in bypass surgery.
The patient underwent superficial temporal artery to frontal M2 (STA-FM2) direct bypass for flow replacement followed by microsurgical trapping and clip ligation. The patient was maintained on antiplatelet therapy preoperatively and postoperatively. The patient had a transient aphasia and mild right upper extremity weakness (4/5) in the immediate postoperative period, which fully recovered by the time of patient discharge. The case presentation, surgical anatomy, technique, and postoperative course and outcome are reviewed. The different strategies for bypass and clip ligation are reviewed with particular focus on the anatomic constraints for each bypass configuration. The outcomes of bypass surgery for MCA aneurysms are reviewed.
1-7
The patient gave verbal consent for participating in the procedure, surgical video, and publication of their image.
Sensitivity and spatial resolution for thermal conductivity measurements using noncontact scanning thermal microscopy with thermoresistive probes under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhu Wenkai , Borca-Tasciuc Theodorian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermoresistive probes are increasingly popular in thermal conductivity characterization using scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). A systematic analysis of the thermal conductivity measurement performance (sensitivity and spatial resolution) of thermoresistive SThM probe configurations that are available commercially is of interest to practitioners. In this work, the authors developed and validated 3D finite element models of noncontact SThM with self-heated thermoresistive probes under ambient conditions with the probe–sample heat transfer in transition heat conduction regime for the four types of SThM probe configurations resembling commercially available products: Wollaston wire (WW) type probe, Kelvin nanotechnology (KNT) type probe, doped silicon (DS) type probe and nanowire (NW) type probe. These models were then used to investigate the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the WW, KNT, DS and NW type probes for thermal conductivity measurements in noncontact mode in ambient conditions. The comparison of the SThM probes performance for measuring sample thermal conductivity and for the specific operating conditions investigated here show that the NW type probe has the best spatial resolution while the DS type probe has the best thermal conductivity measurement sensitivity in the range between 2 and 10 W·m−1·K−1. The spatial resolution is negatively affected by large probe diameters or by the presence of the cantilever in close proximity to the sample surface which strongly affects the probe–sample heat transfer in ambient conditions. An example of probe geometry configuration optimization was illustrated for the WW probe by investigating the effect of probe wire diameter on the thermal conductivity measurement sensitivity, showing ∼20% improvement in spatial resolution at the diameter with maximum thermal conductivity measurement sensitivity.
Italy
Authors: Raffaelli Lara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nineteenth-century Italy witnessed the rise of nationalist politics, industrial capitalism, and colonialist adventurism. Intellectuals viewed political conquest and technological progress as barbaric and invasive, feeling alienated from a changing world dominated by bourgeois materialism and by the lower classes seeking economic advancement. This isolating tendency represented a desire to rise above mediocrity, to be greater than the common man. Progress was viewed with cynicism, and writers met with despair the failure of ideals in the post-Risorgimento world. Once the guiding hand of the populace, intellectuals now lost their way, as well as their ability to reconcile the profound contradictions in society and their cultural expectations. This article explores how Italian decadentismo as a spiritual reaction to progress occasioned an escape from reality. It also touches on the dichotomies present in the literature, illustrating the despondency of Italian writers at the fin de siècle.
Politics
Authors: Morley Neville 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article explores ideas of decadence and decline in political thought, from classical Greek and Roman speculation about the cycle of political regimes to early modern discussions of the importance of civic virtue, the role of institutions and constitutions, and the dangerous effects of luxury, culminating in eighteenth-century concerns about the risk of excessive civilization. It also considers the varied political stances of the decadents themselves in the wider context of the nineteenth-century critique of modernity and the historicization of the present as a “late” stage of human development. Such a diagnosis can be incorporated into either revolutionary or reactionary projects; since the early twentieth century, decadence has featured primarily as an important component of the worldview of fascist and other right-wing movements and has been an important tool in the mobilization of individual grievances and discontent for reactionary ends.
Deviant Selves, Transgressive Acts, and Moral Narratives
Authors: Müller Thaddeus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter on crime, transgression, and justice focuses on interactional meaning-making processes that shape the moral narratives of a range of actors such as perpetrators, police, and judges. These narratives include processes such as labeling, stigmatization, and criminalization. These processes are about (1) degrading, dominating, and excluding, and (2) their narrative counterparts, which focus on resisting the othering claims of moral narratives. This chapter focuses on two fundamental contributions of symbolic interaction to this field: the labeling perspective, and the ethnographic approach studying the social construction of moral meanings in everyday interactions. I will also describe two themes: (1) violence, the perspective of the “badass,” and (2) the criminal-justice system as a labeling machine. This chapter shows that because of its theoretical and methodological tools, symbolic-interactionist studies are well equipped to listen to voices of marginalized groups and show their agency in their fight for justice.
Communications of the Book of Ezekiel
Authors: Sweeney Soo J. Kim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Communication in the book of Ezekiel is dominated by Yhwh’s commands to his prophet Ezekiel. Nonetheless, the book hardly reports the prophet’s compliance with those commands. Paying attention to this phenomenon, I distinguish communication in the book of Ezekiel at the discourse level from that of the book at the reading level. Blocked communication, symbolized as “the iron wall,” is the communication at the discourse level. Here, the literary audience (audience-character) is continuously overridden by both the sender and messenger and evaluated as rebellious. However, the book of Ezekiel strategically extends its influences beyond the discourse level and actively reaches out to the implied readers. This unlimited invitation at the reading level can be expressed as “the voice in the air.” The book invites the implied audience/readers to transform themselves through the reading experiences to join the projected restored world in the land and eventually to become a messenger. Overall, I argue that the communication aspects of the book of Ezekiel fits well in one of the book’s intentions that encourages the unaddressed next generation of exiles, rather than the contemporaries of the character Ezekiel, to prepare the former for Yhwh’s restoration plan.
Clinical Translation, Ethics, and Policy
Authors: Kimmelman Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many representations of clinical translation present it as a linear process by which bench discoveries are advanced into clinical practice. The present chapter offers a conceptual framework that highlights distinctive ethical aspects of clinical translation. The framework understands clinical translation as a process not so much as developing new treatments but rather generating evidence on how to use (and how not to use) new as well as old interventions. It also emphasizes attending to the relationship of different studies with each other and the importance of coordinating different studies with each other. The model presented here foregrounds the role of coordination in realizing societal objectives of clinical translation at minimal burden and cost for patients and study volunteers.
Number and Numeral Classifiers
Authors: Doetjes Jenny 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes various ways in which numeral classifiers interact with semantic number and number marking across languages. According to the Sanches–Greenberg–Slobin generalizations, languages in which the use of numeral classifiers is obligatory do not have obligatory number marking on nouns, and in the presence of numeral classifiers, nouns are normally not marked for number. An empirical and theoretical discussion of these generalizations is followed by a description of data from the Austronesian language Mokilese, an obligatory numeral classifier language with obligatory number marking on definite and indefinite markers. Finally, the chapter turns to number marking on classifiers (i.e. the form of the numeral classifier used with the numeral for ‘one’ differs from the form used with other numerals), as well as number marking by means of classifiers (i.e. cases where numeral classifiers play a role in the semantic number-marking strategies that a language has).
Multiple Event Readings with Dependent Indefinites
Authors: Farkas Donka F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter surveys empirical and theoretical issues raised by dependent indefinites in three unrelated languages, Hungarian, Telugu, and Kaqchikel. Dependent indefinites are specially marked noun phrases that can only occur when interpreted within a predication that distributes over events or individuals. Their determiner can either be a simple indefinite or a cardinal numeral. The chapter lays out the theoretical challenges the data raise and discusses how these challenges are met in three approaches that differ with respect to what they take as the core property of these indefinites.
Semantic Approaches to Number
Authors: Dotlačil Jakub 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents semantic frameworks that model the general capability of language to refer to atomic, as well as non-atomic entities. Two approaches are developed and discussed in detail throughout the chapter: a set-theoretic approach and an approach in which entities are modelled as atomic and plural individuals. After the formal introduction of the two approaches, the chapter shows how number marking in language can be represented and how other concepts related to semantic number, in particular, distributivity, cumulativity and collectivity, have been analysed in formal semantic theories.
Inverse number in Dagaare
Authors: Grimm Scott 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the inverse number system in Dagaare (Gur; Niger–Congo). Inverse number systems possess a number morpheme which for some nouns encodes the plural interpretation while for others it encodes the singular interpretation. This chapter argues that a principled lexical semantic classification underlies the inverse number strategy in Dagaare, guiding whether for a particular noun the inverse morpheme codes the singular or the plural interpretation. The chapter further explores the functional grounding of inverse number, in terms of frequency and individuation, and presents a formal semantic account of the inverse number system.
Number and the Mass–Count Distinction
Authors: Bale Alan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter reviews the connections between number marking (specifically, singular and plural marking) and the mass–count distinction. It explores how different semantic theories of number marking interact with various ontological theories of the mass–count distinction. It also discusses a growing tension within the mass–count literature. On one hand, there are many semantic and syntactic similarities between mass nouns and plurals, which suggests that the two subcategories might have many features in common. On the other hand, verbal, auxiliary, and determiner agreement patterns suggest that mass nouns share certain syntactic properties with singular count nouns. Yet, singular count nouns and plural count nouns hardly share any properties in common, both in terms of their syntactic distribution and their semantic implications. The chapter discusses two potential resolutions to this growing tension.
Bare Nouns and Number
Authors: de Swart Henriëtte 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBare nouns are noun phrases with a common noun lacking an overt determiner. Depending on the theoretical framework at hand, and the syntax–semantics interface adopted, they are analysed as NPs, NumPs, or DPs with an empty (null) D. No information on singular/plural, mass/count, definite/indefinite reference can be derived from the determiner if there is none (in overt syntax, at least), so bare nouns raise challenges to syntactic theory as well as compositional semantics. Much of the literature zooms in on the implications of a missing/covert D, but this chapter places special emphasis on syntactic and semantic number in bare nouns.
The Hogarth Press
Authors: Staveley Alice 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Yet I’m the only woman in England free to write what I like. The others must be thinking of series’ & editors.’ Woolf’s 1925 homage to the impact of the Hogarth Press on her career is well known, signifying a new sense of herself as a woman writer in command of the means of creative production. Less well known is how pervasive were her private and public negotiations with the narratological implications of the feminist materialism she cultivated as a printer and publisher. This article reviews the state of the field, re-reads her early short fiction in the context of her typesetting experiments, which resonate with the conflicted history of women in the printing trades, and argues for a revisionist understanding of Woolf’s feminist modernism as isomorphic with the Hogarth Press.
The Essays
Authors: Rosenberg Beth C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Woolf’s essays fall into many genres, including book reviews, literary criticism, biography, memoir, and occasional pieces. As a student of the essay and its history, she studied the form from Montaigne, Hazlitt, Pater, and Beerbohm and through their work she learned to make the essay her own, reinventing the genre to argue for a uniquely female and feminist perspective. Woolf’s deep understanding of the essay’s form, her drive to construct a female literary history and female narrative form, culminate in A Room of One’s Own (1929), where she employs a feminist rhetoric of affect and emotion. Woolf’s particular contribution to the essay includes a new kind of literary history that focuses on women, gender, and politics. Hers is a uniquely feminine and feminist voice created through a visceral and sensual rhetoric that addresses the body’s response to experience and exploits emotions in order to persuade her readers.
The Lyrical Mode of Translating
Authors: Davison Claire 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The translator has a minor part in Woolf’s fiction, but recurs throughout her novels, from Ridley (The Voyage Out) to Dodge (Between the Acts). Similarly, essays, reviews, and letters show her cross-cultural and trans-historic thinking via Greek, French, and Russian translations. She helped define Hogarth Press’s energetic commissions of translations and engaged in translations and co-translations herself. All these translational transactions share a vivid sense of the alluring sounds, cadences, and scripts of words spoken ‘foreignly’, heard across temporal, geographical or atmospheric boundaries. Translating invokes an intensely dialogic, sensuous encounter with the materiality of language-forms experienced as an almost musical performance, lifting words from the page and voicing them. This chapter explores the cultural and political resonances of Woolf’s translator as a ‘Wandering Anon’, ‘a simple singer, lifting a song or a story from other people’s lips, in the uncouth jargon of their native tongue’ (‘Anon’).
Woolf and Education
Authors: Snaith Anna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter braids together discussion of ‘education’ in Virginia Woolf’s life and works. It examines her own education (and self-proclaimed autodidacticism), her teaching experience, and the representation of school and higher education in her fiction and non-fiction. Drawing on archival material discovered in 2009 relating to Woolf’s extensive studies at King’s College London’s Ladies’ Department and new research on her teaching at Morley College, it assesses the transformation in our understanding of Woolf’s experience of formal education. Moving then to texts such as Jacob’s Room, The Years, A Room of One’s Own, and Three Guineas, the chapter argues that Woolf’s oeuvre offers a complex and multi-layered engagement with the inequalities and limitations of the education system particularly in relation to gender and class. Woolf’s alternative pedagogy also critiques the term ‘education’ itself, with literature at the heart of a rethinking of where and how education occurs.