bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIRST WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON HEALTH
Authors: BATES TALCOTT 
Published: December 2021

ON November third and fourth of 1965 some 850 persons gathered in Washington, D.C., for the first White House Conference on Health. Here are some impressions which might interest and concern pediatricians.
Pediatricians and other practitioners from all parts of the country attended, with medical educators, representatives of the broadest possible array of medical personnel, and lay persons. Representation of governmental agencies ranged from the Mayor of Unalakleet, Alaska, population 574, to the Secretary of State.
To observe the dialogue between medicine and government, perhaps 100 or more persons from governmental agencies attended as observers. Pediatrics was well represented, although it was not always easy to spot pediatricians—they attended among many roles as medical school deans, family planners, and public servants at all levels, from "Bill" Stewart, the Surgeon General, and Harry Towsley, retiring Academy president, on down. A versatile lot.
Increased Fontanelle Tension as Early Sign of Cardiac Failure
Authors: SILVER WALTER , GOLDENBERG LEON 
Published: December 2021

We have recently noted that an increase in tension of the anterior fontanelle has preceded the usual signs and symptoms of cardiac failure in infancy.
After reviewing the standard pediatric and cardiology textbooks and pertinent literature, we have found that this physical finding is not listed as a sign of heart failure in infancy.
CASE 1: A newborn with dextrocardia (without situs inversus) had shown cyanosis, when oxygen was not administered, and tachypnea since birth.
UNPROVEN METHODS OF TREATMENT
Authors: MASLAND RICHARD L. 
Published: December 2021

NOT INFREQUENTLY, within the field of medicine, we encounter situations where a form of therapy which many knowledgeable scientists consider valueless, is reported to give dramatically beneficial results, and is observed to achieve wide public acclaim. Certainly, it is well recognized that especially when one is dealing with conditions termed "hopeless" the victims and their relatives will seize upon any form of therapy whose proponents claim beneficial results.
Recently, there have been recommended various unconventional treatments for children and adults suffering from congenital or acquired brain dysfunction. The wide and reportedly uncritical acceptance of such treatments has been a cause of some concern, and it is therefore important to be aware of certain special factors which may operate in this particular area of medicine.
CEREBRAL LIPIDS IN PHENYLKETONURIA
Authors: Menkes John H. 
Published: December 2021

The lipid fraction of cerebral grey and white matter from three phenylketonuric patients was examined chemically. Total lipid and phospholipid content fell within the range of normal. Cholesterol was slightly decreased in two of the three cases. Lipid hexose was low in all three specimens of white matter, and the concentration of pure cerebroside was at or beyond the lower limit of normal in the three patients.
The molecular composition of cerebrosides and sulfatides was examined in all three cases. The structure of cerebrosides was normal in two cases. In one brain, the quantity of kerasin was decreased and its major component was an iso-C24 branchedchain fatty acid of unknown structure. An analogous reduction of kerasin sulfate was observed in all three brains. It has been postulated that a relative deficiency of non-hydroxy fatty acids in the glycolipid fraction, particularly in sulfatides, may represent one of the consistent defects in the chemical structure of phenylketonuric white matter.
STUDIES ON HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
Authors: Weintraub David H. , Ambrus Clara M. , Ambrus Julian L. 
Published: December 2021

In a group of 60 infants treated on a double-blind basis with placebo- or urokinase- activated human plasmin, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed in order to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value. Blood samples for laboratory studies were obtained at the time of final diagnosis and initiation of treatment, 4 hours later, and at additional time intervals if necessary.
Respiratory rate and its changes during the first 4 hours appeared to be of little diagnostic or prognostic value.
Chest x-rays alone did not appear to be useful in establishing diagnosis during the first 4 hours of life. In older infants, however, high diagnostic accuracy was obtained. Positive findings were generally dependable, but false negatives occurred in half of the cases. Improvement during serial x-ray examinations was a good prognostic sign but negative findings turning to positive ones were followed by survival in only one of two cases.
Initial pH and pCO2 values varied widely. Changes in these parameters appeared to be of prognostic value in the placebo-treated infants but not in the urokinase-activated plasmin-treated group. In the latter, improvement in pH and pCO2, apparently due to increased respiratory gas exchange, was not sufficient to result in survival of the patient in the presence of additional pathology (e.g., pulmonary or intracranial hemorrhage, pneumonia). Generally, pH appeared to be a more sensitive predictive parameter than pCO2.
Potassium levels and their changes during the first 4 hours were of no diagnostic or prognostic significance.
Tryptic and Chymotryptic Activity of Stools of Newborn Infants
Authors: MULLINGER MARGARET , PALASI MILAGROS 
Published: December 2021

Pancreatic exocrine functional capacity may be measured directly by collection and evaluation of duodenal aspirate. Pancreatic drainage is time consuming, uncomfortable for the patient, and presents difficulties in obtaining all of the duodenal secretion separated from gastric juice over specified time periods. It is particularly difficult in neonates because of their size. The development of specific substrates for trypsin and chymotrypsin has made possible the accurate measurement of these enzymes in the stools. [SEE TABLE I IN SOURCE PDF].
As part of a long term study of pancreatic activity in children with cystic fibrosis, a study of fresh spot stool specimens obtained from healthy newborn infants was undertaken, with a view to establishing normal values as a tool in the early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
V. ADDENDUM—STATEMENT OF POLICY BY THE AMERICAN BOARD OF PEDIATRICS
Authors: DAY RICHARD L. 
Published: December 2021

FOLLOWING the deliberations of the Institute and the formal presentation to the Academy of Pediatrics of the report of the PREP Committee, the American Board of Pediatrics has considered at some length the several recommendations made and has formulated new policies to govern the admission of candidates to its examinations. Pending the revision of its booklet of standards, the Board has sent the letter displayed below to all directors of pediatric training programs. Recommendations of the Institute pertaining to changes in the type of examinations and to the evaluation of programs are still under study.
To directors of pediatric training programs:
The American Board of Pediatrics has made the following changes in the training requirements for admission to examination. These changes are designed to provide a greater flexibility in the manner through which the requirements may be fulfilled.
The core of pediatric training is a period of two years spent in intensive, closely supervised work with both sick and well children in a hospital setting. Thereafter, the Board feels that pediatric training may properly take different paths.
A total of three years of hospital work is required, one of which must be an approved internship. However, the Board strongly recommends that if the internship is other than a straight pediatric internship, a full three years of training in pediatrics be secured.
The examination may be taken five years after graduation from medical school. In addition to the three years of internship and residency, two years are assigned to the practice of pediatrics or its equivalent.
SMALL-FOR-DATES NEONATES
Authors: North A. Frederick 
Published: December 2021

Records of 762 infants weighing less than 2,500 gm at birth and born after 37 to 44 weeks' gestation—small-for-dates neonates—were compared with records of infants with similar birth weight born after 28 to 32 weeks' gestation—pre-term infants—and with records of infants weighing 3,000 to 3,500 gm born after 37 to 44 weeks' gestation—"average" infants. Records were compared with regard to maternal and gestational features, perinatal survival, and neonatal complications. The group of small-for-dates neonates differed markedly from the pre-term infants in 15 of the 35 variables examined and from the "average" infants in 31 of the 35 variables examined.
Small-for-dates infants showed a higher incidence of maternal toxemia and hypertension, a greater incidence of primiparous mothers, a lower incidence of gestational bleeding, a lower incidence of low-birth-weight siblings, fewer neonatal complications and deaths, and a lower incidence of hemolytic disease and pulmonary disease in the newborn period than did weight-matched pre-term controls.
Gestational age, though subject to error in measurement, is as important a predictor of neonatal clinical status and outcome as is birth weight. Future studies of the antecedent conditions, neonatal course, and longterm outcome of low-birth-weight infants must consider both birth weight and gestational age.
HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY AND HEART DISEASE IN THE CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME
Authors: Jeresaty Robert M. , Russell William 
Published: December 2021

Hepatomegaly, observed in 8 infants with congenital heart disease and the rubella syndrome, failed to respond to digitalization and/or division of a patent ductus arteriosus in five of the eight infants. Hepatomegaly was accompanied by splenomegaly in seven infants and by purpura in two. Such manifestations may be erroneously diagnosed as evidences of heart failure. It should, therefore, be noted that the hepatomegaly of the rubella syndrome (unlike that from circulatory failure) is present at birth and non-progressive, is unresponsive to digitalis, diuretics, and curative surgery, and is usually accompanied by splenomegaly and often by purpura.
The possibility of infection of the fetus by prepartum maternal rubella and of postnatal cardiovascular damage by the rubella virus were suggested by two infants studied.
THE INCIDENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING BY BOYS IN ENGLAND MORE THAN 60 YEARS AGO
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In the first volume of The British journal of Children's Diseases published in 1904 the following editorial comments were made about cigarette smoking by boys:
CIGARETTE SMOKING BY BOYS—This subject has continued to be a topic in some of the daily papers. According to one of them, a schoolmaster who has a class of seventy-one boys between the ages of eight and thirteen asked those who smoked to stand on the forms. Sixty-seven stood up, and the four who remained seated "were looked at with suspicion." This seems to us rather a large percentage, and if the four who remained seated were justly "looked at with suspicion," we can hardly help thinking that some who stood on the forms feared ironical jeers from their schoolmates if they classed themselves with the "behind-the-times" non-smokers more than they did a lecture from the schoolmaster if they associated themselves with the smokers. There can be little doubt that it is not the pleasure of smoking, but the idea that it is grand or manly that leads the majority of boys who smoke to indulge in the practice. Even with many adults it is not the flavour of the tobacco or any soothing effect upon the mind that is the explanation of their use of the pipe or the cigarette. It is one means of affording relief to a nervous craving a man may have when he is idle for something to do, if it is only for something to handle with his. fingers. A cigarette to a man is what knitting-pins. are to many women.
Save for the quaint comment about knitting-pins taking the place of a cigarette for women, could not this same editorial be written today? Once again plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose!
NATIONAL NUTRITIONAL SURVEY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: LOWE CHARLES U. 
Published: December 2021

IN THE past year, several commentaries in Pediatrics have directed the attention of readers to problems confronting the medical community in general and the pediatrician in particular. The first step toward dealing with one of these problems, malnutrition in certain segments of the American population, has been taken. The Children's Bureau has announced the funding of a nutrition survey of the preschool children of the United States.
It was suggested at the First White House Conference on Health that American medicine, while the best in the world, is poorly distributed. Many of the poor in our cities and in a number of rural districts get medical care which is inadequate in both quantity and in quality.
TRENDS
Authors: TENNEY H. KENT 
Published: December 2021

AS OF present date the states listed below have published reports of the study of child health services. Most of the other states are known to have reports in various stages of preparation.[SEE THE TABLE IN SOURCE PDF]
It is timely to note some of the steps being taken to activate the recommendations of these state reports. The following communication from Dr. Tenney, State Chairman for Wisconsin, is one example of significant progress being made at the state level:
DEAR DR. HUBBARD:
As a first step in activating the findings and recommendations of the Wisconsin Study of Child Health Services, the committee decided to inaugurate the plan of "roving residents." The theory and scope of the project is well set forth in a letter which Mr. Roy T. Ragatz, assistant secretary of the State Medical Society, sent to the officers of the county societies selected as trial areas. He states:
"The Committee on Maternal and Child Health of the State Medical Society, in cooperation with the State Board of Health and the Pediatric Departments of our two medical schools, has been working on a program which we feel will be of great service to your members if properly introduced and adequately supervised.
"It has been proposed that a carefully selected number of pediatric residents be made available to selected county medical societies for a short period of time this spring to work with individual members who have special pediatric problems they wish discussed. The plan is to supply this service only upon the invitation of the county medical society and it is to be set up in such a way that there will be no conflict with private practice or the normal channels of consultation.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: HOLDAWAY DAVID , GARDNER PHILLIP S. 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate Dr. Horowitz's helpful criticisms of our paper and we agree that the differential diagnosis of wheezing in the young child can be difficult. That a disease corresponding to our descriptive definition exists, is increasingly called acute bronchiolitis, predominantly affects children under 2, and in at least two out of three children is related to virus (mainly respiratory syncytial virus) infection, is in our view, beyond question.
The difficulty lies in the interpretation of the word asthma.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Sinclair John C. 
Published: December 2021

Professor Burmeister, in dealing with problems of relative growth, uses equations of the form Y = a Xh, as proposed by Huxley. Values for the exponent b, in equations of this form, indicate the rate of accretion of the part (organ, chemical constituent, body compartment, metabolic function) in relation to the whole. Values for b of less than one indicate a relatively lesser rate of accretion of the part
See Images in the PDF File
e.g., our exponent for extracellular fluid, b = 0.80 (Table II of Burmeister's reference 5); values of greater than one indicate a relatively greater rate of accretion of the part–e.g., Burmeister's exponents for total body potassium, 1.09, and for cell mass, 1.11, and ours for resting oxygen consumption, 1.22, and for fat, 2.18 (Table II of Burmeister's reference 5).
LETTER To THE EDITOR
Authors: Pryles Charles V. 
Published: December 2021

I have just read the article by Drs. Young, Haddow, and Klein (Pediatrics, 41:516, 1968) which purportedly attests to the "failure of ampicillin to eradicate Hemophilus influenzae infection."
The authors should add to their Table II, which lists "Factors Responsible for Failure to Eradicate Organisms Following Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis," the omitted factor of inadequate duration of treatment. The lingering fever through the eleventh day of therapy is admitted by the authors, in a gross understatement, as possibly being a "reflection of continuing infection and an indication for continuing treatment longer than the 14 day course." Indeed!
NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF AMINO ACIDS IN BODY FLUIDS
Authors: Scriver Charles R. 
Published: December 2021

Great significance is often attached to the detection of an abnormal accumulation of an amino acid in the body fluids of a patient, for this can be the manifestation of an amino-acidopathv. Screening programs designed to discover latent hereditary metabolic disease are frequently dependent on their ability to discriminate a single sample showing an abnormal concentration of a metabolite from the many thousands of normal samples. It is tacitly assumed in such circumstances that we know what is "normal."
To achieve an understanding of the normal distribution of amino acids in physiological fluids of man has required much time and great effort. An earlier Commentary1 described this well.
One More Hazard: Plastic-backed Pads
Authors: Low Merritt B. 
Published: December 2021

A report from Georgia mentions a case of suffocation in a 4-month-old infant, allegedly caused by one of the commonly used plastic-backed pads–in this case a "lochial" pad given to the mother on discharge from the hospital maternity floor, similar to the disposable diaper which has become so popular in the last few years.
Although recovery occurred in this particular case, the implications of this one case are ominous, and the Committee wishes to call this hazard to the attention of all physicians caring for infants.
The Electroencephalogram in Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction
Authors: Copple Peggy J. 
Published: December 2021

I noted with interest the article by Drs. Capute, Niedermeyer, and Richardson, "The Electroencephalogram in Children with Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction," (Pediatrics, 41:1104, 1968). However, I disagree with their conclusion, "the EEC is a valuable diagnostic tool in minimal cerebral dysfunction."
The authors rightly state that no specific findings can be expected from the EEC in large numbers of children with the minimal cerebral dysfunction syndrome, however vague and nonspecific the diagnostic criteria for this may be.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Dull H. Bruce 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Edward Mortimer sent me a copy of his reply to your question on the intradermal administration of influenza vaccine. I believe that he has very succinctly summarized the current attitudes on this procedure.
I would like to re-emphasize Dr. Mortimer's comment that to be satisfied with the technique, one would need the assurance of actual protection following intradermal influenza immunization, as well as antibody booster effect. Antibody response to influenza antigens is tremendously influenced by one's past experience with similar and related influenza viruses.
A NEW ARRANGEMENT FOR HOSPITAL SERVICES: THE PARENT-CARE PAVILION
Authors: Green Morris 
Published: December 2021

At a time when institutionalized patterns are being vigorously questioned in many aspects of American life, health care is no exception. Although changes in the hospital care of children have been slow in evolving, possibly because of the lack of the potent goad of economic necessity, a number of alternatives to traditional practices are appearing, including sophisticated ambulatory facilities, traveling clinics, home care programs, day hospital care, and observation or temporary "hold" wards.
The motel-like facility described by James and Wheeler in this issue adds another dimension to health services for children in regional medical centers.
Treatment of Myelomeningocele: II
Authors: McCann B. Cairbre 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Donald Matson Commentary on the surgical treatment of myelomeningocele, which was published in Pediatrics (42:255, 1968), stimulated these few reactions in one who is ininvolved largely in the long-term management of children with chronic handicaps. I hope that some of my feelings and opinions regarding management may be aired.
Dr. Matson makes a distinction between the indications for surgical treatment of myelomeningocele and the timing of such surgery. The point is stressed that, if surgery is to be done, it should be done as soon as possible, ideally within the first 24 hours of life. I believe that there would be little disagreement on this point.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Skillito John 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Matson is currently hospitalized himself and unable to reply to the comments of Dr. Seymour Bluestone and Dr. B. Cairbre McCann. Those of us who have worked closely with Dr. Matson can perhaps paraphrase some of his thoughts in reply to criticism of his Commentary.
Dr. Bluestone questioned the number of cases on which Dr. Matson's opinions were based. As will be mentioned in the second edition of Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood, which will be published by Charles C Thomas in the spring of 1969, Dr. Matson points out that there were 1,157 patients with myelomeningocele seen at the Children Hospital between 1930 and 1953, and between 1953 and 1966 there were 233 patients openated upon for this condition.
Ben H. Nicholson
Authors: Riley Harris D. 
Published: December 2021

The death of Ben H. Nicholson at age 64 on September 25, 1968, from a myocardial infarction removed from pediatrics a remarkable person. Few have made a greater contribution to the welfare of children or to medical education in this region.
Dr. Nicholson, an outstanding practicing pediatrician in Oklahoma City since 1931, was a graduate of Vanderbilt University, where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha. He received his internship and residency training in Pediatrics at Vanderbilt University Hospital.
COMPROMISED CONVALESCENCE FROM HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
Authors: Nelson Nicholas M. 
Published: December 2021

Those unfamiliar with the technique and manipulation of blood gas analysis as so artfully employed by T. M. Adamson and colleagues in this issue may appreciate some exposition of this important work. The commentator hopes briefly to orient the reader sufficiently to perceive the method and message of what Adamson, et al. have done.
If the reader be one of those medical students of all ages fortunate enough to have browsed (or plowed) through Comroe's The Lung, he will instantly recognize that the hypoxemic (but not always cyanotic) patient can have only a limited differential diagnosis of functional impairment. Barring such side issues as methemoglobinemia, the hemoglobinopathies, and the hypoxia of altitude as causes of low (usually less than 75 to 80 mm Hg) arterial oxygen pressure, the possibilities for cardiopulmonary derangements of physiology are four in number: (1) simple hypoventilation, (2) diffusion barriers to gas exchange across the alveolar membrane, and the effective venous admixture produced either by (3) ventilation/perfusion imbalance in the lung or by true anatomic (4) venoarterial shunting.