bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonmotor symptom burden grading as predictor of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Oikonomou Panteleimon , van Wamelen Daniel J. , Weintraub Daniel , Aarsland Dag , Ffytche Dominic , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Leta Valentina , Borley Corinne , Sportelli Carolina , Trivedi Dhaval , Podlewska Aleksandra M. , Rukavina Katarina , Rizos Alexandra , Lazcano‐Ocampo Claudia , Ray Chaudhuri Kallol 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying predictors of incident cognitive impairment (CI), one of the most problematic long‐term outcomes, in Parkinson's disease (PD) is highly relevant for personalized medicine and prognostic counseling. The Nonmotor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) provides a global clinical assessment of a range of NMS, reflecting NMS burden (NMSB), and thus may assist in the identification of an “at‐risk” CI group based on overall NMSB cutoff scores.MethodsTo investigate whether specific patterns of PD NMS profiles predict incident CI, we performed a retrospective longitudinal study on a convenience sample of 541 nondemented PD patients taking part in the Nonmotor Longitudinal International Study (NILS) cohort, with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), NMSS, and Scales for Outcomes in PD Motor Scale (SCOPA Motor) scores at baseline and last follow‐up (mean 3.2 years) being available.ResultsPD patients with incident CI (i.e., MMSE score ≤ 25) at last follow‐up (n = 107) had severe overall NMSB level, significantly worse NMSS hallucinations/perceptual problems and higher NMSS attention/memory scores at baseline. Patients with CI also were older and with more advanced disease, but with no differences in disease duration, dopamine replacement therapy, sex, and comorbid depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a comprehensive baseline measure of NMS and in particular hallucinations and perceptual problems assessed with a validated single instrument can be used to predict incident CI in PD. This approach provides a simple, holistic strategy to predict future CI in this population.
Impact of 6‐ versus 12‐month dual antiplatelet therapy on clinical prognosis in patients with high bleeding risk: Insights from the 4‐year results of the I LOVE IT 2 study
Authors: Zhang Jiaoyang , Qiu Miaohan , Na Kun , Ma Sicong , Jiang Zaixin , Li Jing , Li Yi , Han Yaling 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the impact of 6‐ versus 12‐month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) on the clinical prognosis of high bleeding risk (HBR) patients.BackgroundThe optimal DAPT duration after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in HBR patients is unclear.MethodsThis study is a post hoc analysis of the 4‐year clinical follow‐up results of the I LOVE IT 2 study. Prevalence and prognosis of HBR patients were explored, and clinical outcomes of HBR patients who underwent 6‐ versus 12‐month DAPT were compared. The primary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 or 5 bleeding. The secondary outcomes were BARC type 2–5 bleeding and net clinical adverse events (NACE), defined as a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia‐driven revascularization, stroke, stent thrombosis, or any bleeding events.ResultsHBR occurred in 440 of 2,737 patients (16.0%). HBR patients were associated with a higher risk of BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding (2.95 vs. 1.52%, p = .03), NACE (31.82 vs. 25.99%, p = .01), all‐cause death (5.68 vs. 3.13%, p = .008) and stroke (9.09 vs. 3.83%, p < .001) than non‐HBR patients at 4 years. There were no significant differences in BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding (3.07 vs. 2.76%, p = 1.00) or NACE rate (31.9 vs. 33.8%, p = .72) between patients who underwent 6‐ and 12‐month DAPT.ConclusionsHBR patients are at a higher risk of long‐term bleeding and ischemic events than non‐HBR patients. The safety and efficacy of 6‐ and 12‐month DAPT were comparable in HBR patients.
Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis of black toners for forensic applications
Authors: Ahmed Zakaria E. , Abdelhamid Mahmoud , Abdel‐Salam Zienab A. , Palleschi Vincenzo , Abdel‐Harith Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present work, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to differentiate between different black toners of printers and photocopiers based on their elemental composition. Measurements were performed on 23 toner samples of different printers and six different photocopiers (of different brands and models). The LIBS spectra were compared to characterize each toner type. Multivariate statistical analysis based on PCA and graph clustering was used to develop a discrimination model between the toners in questioned documents. Good discrimination of both brand and model toners was obtained. The results may be beneficial for forensic applications in the investigations of questioned documents.
Importance of Time‐Dependent Wetting Behavior of Gas‐Diffusion Electrodes for Reactivity Determination
Authors: Bienen Fabian , Hildebrand Joachim , Kopljar Dennis , Wagner Norbert , Klemm Elias , Friedrich K. Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTin foil and SnOx/C gas‐diffusions electrodes (GDEs) were investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to extract the differential double‐layer capacitance (Cdl) as a measure of the wetted surface area. Time‐dependent Cdl values revealed an immediate stationary wetting for tin foil electrodes while a distinct increase of Cdl – which becomes stationary with time – was observed for GDEs. The time‐dependent wetting behavior of the GDEs was substantiated by physical post‐mortem characterization. Since the wetted surface area determines the number of reachable active sites the performance of GDEs should be normalized to the wetted surface area for evaluation of reactivity.
Charge‐Transfer‐Adaptable Double‐Strand Formation of a Porphyrin‐BODIPY‐Porphyrin Triad
Authors: Morisue Mitsuhiko , Kawanishi Miho , Kusukawa Takahiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA quadrupolar porphyrin–BODIPY–porphyrin array (1) displayed a moderate negative solvatochromism. The elastic 3,4,5‐tri((S)‐dihydrocitronellyloxy)phenyl groups of 1 facilitated the solubility of such a polarized chromophore array in a nonpolar solvent, and 1 was assembled into a double‐strand as elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic experiments in [D8]toluene and electronic absorption spectra in cyclohexane. Thermodynamic analyses revealed a small entropy change upon double‐strand formation, indicating that cyclohexane did not preferably solvate the porphyrin rings and BODIPY segment presumably because of their polarized nature. At the same time, the significant enthalpy change likely explained the intermolecular attractive force, such as the BF2⋅⋅⋅Zn cation‐dipole interaction. The solvent polarity effect on the electronic spectra together with thermodynamic analyses suggested that the charge‐transfer (CT) character was decreased by the double‐strand formation in a nonpolar solvent. It was rationalized that insufficient solvent polarity stabilized the CT character of 1 only in part, and the residual polarization character might be stabilized by supramolecular assembly. The charge transfer character of 1 was stabilized by double‐strand formation which partially decreased the CT character enough to be stabilized by solvation with cyclohexane.
Thiol‐Ene Photopolymerization under Blue, Green and Red LED Irradiation
Authors: Peng X. , Zhang J. , Banaszak Holl M. M. , Xiao P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotopolymerization allows fast production of materials with special properties; however, a short wavelength of light is required for most commercial photoinitiating systems and the oxygen inhibition effect for the free radical polymerization has limited possible applications. Herein, we investigate thiol‐ene photopolymerization with various types of “ene” derivatives and thiols using our previously reported photoinitiator 2‐(4‐methoxystyryl)‐4,6‐bis(trichloromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (triazine) alone or in combination with rubrene or 1,4‐bis(isopropylamino)anthraquinone (SB36) as the photoinitiating systems to trigger polymerization under irradiation with blue, green, and red LEDs. An analysis of photopolymerization kinetics and the effects of different light irradiation conditions, chemical structures, composites of “ene” and thiol monomers, and air on the thiol‐ene photopolymerization reaction are presented. Specifically, rates of photopolymerization of all thiol‐ene formulations decrease as the wavelength of irradiation increases and show no significant difference when polymerization occurs under air or in laminate. Mechanical properties and homogeneity of the photocured samples are analyzed and demonstrated that all thiol‐ene formulations appear to have a homogeneous network. Regarding mechanical properties, with a lower amount of thiol incorporated in the network, the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the photocured product increased. Storage stability of thiol‐ene formulations is also studied and 5‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (5HNQ), a naturally derived dye derivative, is found to be successful in inhibiting premature gelation in thiol‐ene systems without significantly affecting the photopolymerization performance.
Li‐Ion Intercalated Exfoliated WS2 Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance
Authors: Tian Li , Qiao Hui , Huang Zongyu , Qi Xiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTungsten disulfide (WS2) as a 2D layered material shows good application in the field of electrocatalysis due to its unique 2D structure, excellent electronic properties, and catalytic activity. However, the electrocatalytic performance of bulk WS2 materials is limited due to the lack of active sites. Hence, a few layers of WS2 nanosheets are prepared by a simple method of lithium (Li)‐ion intercalation exfoliation, and enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance is demonstrated compared to bulk WS2. This method can not only realize the large‐scale preparation of WS2 nanosheets, but also the obtained WS2 nanosheets have a larger lateral size, a good lattice structure, and no chemical impurities remain. Most importantly, it is realized that the reduction in the thickness of WS2 nanosheets will generate additional active sites from the ultrathin planar structure, thereby improving electrocatalytic activity. The exfoliated WS2 nanosheets show a smaller overpotential compared to the bulk WS2, the overpotential is about 320 mV at 10 mA cm–2. This work shows that Li‐ion intercalation exfoliated method is an efficient strategy to prepare 2D nanosheets materials and effectively improve its electrocatalytic performance.
Solvent‐Dependent Reactivity and Photochemistry of Dinuclear and Mononuclear Platinum(IV) Azido Triazaolato Complexes
Authors: Yao Kezi , Bertran Arnau , Morgan Jacques , Greenhalgh Charlotte , Edkins Katharina , Bowen Alice M. , Farrer Nicola J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReaction between the platinum(IV) azido complex trans,trans,trans‐[Pt(py)2(N3)2(OH)2] (1) and 1,4‐diphenyl‐2‐butyne‐1,4‐dione 2 in MeCN produces the intermediate peroxide‐bridged dimeric platinum(IV) azido triazolato species (5), which has been characterised by X‐ray crystallography. However, if the reaction between 1 and 2 is conducted in MeOH it results in decomposition. Over time in MeCN, dimer (5) converts into mononuclear complexes trans,trans,trans‐[Pt(py)2(N3)(triazole)(OH)2] (3 a/3 b), which are in dynamic exchange. If resuspended in protic solvents (MeOH,H2O), 3 a/3 b undergo a slow (22 d) irreversible rearrangement to a cyclised platinum(IV) species 4 which contains a formally N,O‐chelated ligand. Conversion of 3 a/3 b to 4 in d4‐MeOH can be accelerated (384x) by irradiation with visible light, although continued irradiation also produces N3. and OH. radicals, and the [4‐N3]+ species can be readily detected by ESI‐MS. Solvent choice significantly effects both the cycloaddition reaction between 1 and 2, and the stability of the resultant complexes.
Understanding Infection Progression under Strong Control Measures through Universal COVID‐19 Growth Signatures
Authors: Djordjevic Magdalena , Djordjevic Marko , Ilic Bojana , Stojku Stefan , Salom Igor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWidespread growth signatures in COVID‐19 confirmed case counts are reported, with sharp transitions between three distinct dynamical regimes (exponential, superlinear, and sublinear). Through analytical and numerical analysis, a novel framework is developed that exploits information in these signatures. An approach well known to physics is applied, where one looks for common dynamical features, independently from differences in other factors. These features and associated scaling laws are used as a powerful tool to pinpoint regions where analytical derivations are effective, get an insight into qualitative changes of the disease progression, and infer the key infection parameters. The developed framework for joint analytical and numerical analysis of empirically observed COVID‐19 growth patterns can lead to a fundamental understanding of infection progression under strong control measures, applicable to outbursts of both COVID‐19 and other infectious diseases.
Three scoria blocks from Māori occupation sites, New Zealand: Their petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry and attribution to a source locality in eastern Polynesia
Authors: Ramsay William R. H. , Collett Graeme S. , Ramsay Elizabeth G. , Kerby Georgia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe document the petrography, mineralogy, major, minor, trace elements, and isotopic signatures of three shaped scoria blocks found within or associated with Māori occupation sites in southern New Zealand. Both mineralogy and geochemistry show that these scoria blocks have close affinities to alkaline lavas characteristic of intraplate, volcanic oceanic islands. Comparisons are made with broadly similar young alkaline associations on the mainland and off‐shore islands of New Zealand and it is shown that all three blocks are exotic. A number of young, east Pacific Islands are investigated and it is demonstrated that the closest comparison is with lavas from the Society Islands, French Polynesia. Geochemically it is difficult to identify which island in that group was the source but, predicated on the youthful appearance of these scoria blocks; it is suggested that the most likely location is the volcanically young island of Mehetia. This island is the location of a recent Strombolian pyroclastic event and scoria is a common rock associate of that island. These scoria blocks are the first pre‐European artefacts with secure archaeological contexts found in New Zealand, whose origins can reliably be traced to their source island group in the eastern Pacific.
Gene‐based analysis of bi‐variate survival traits via functional regressions with applications to eye diseases
Authors: Zhang Bingsong , Chiu Chi‐Yang , Yuan Fang , Sang Tian , Cook Richard J , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Chew Emily Y. , Xiong Momiao , Fan Ruzong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic studies of two related survival outcomes of a pleiotropic gene are commonly encountered but statistical models to analyze them are rarely developed. To analyze sequencing data, we propose mixed effect Cox proportional hazard models by functional regressions to perform gene‐based joint association analysis of two survival traits motivated by our ongoing real studies. These models extend fixed effect Cox models of univariate survival traits by incorporating variations and correlation of multivariate survival traits into the models. The associations between genetic variants and two survival traits are tested by likelihood ratio test statistics. Extensive simulation studies suggest that type I error rates are well controlled and power performances are stable. The proposed models are applied to analyze bivariate survival traits of left and right eyes in the age‐related macular degeneration progression.
Acute esophageal necrosis complicated by refractory stricture formation
Authors: Sandhu Sunny , Wang Timothy , Prajapati Devang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare presentation of severe esophageal injury. The optimal long‐term management of complications related to AEN, particularly stricture formation, are not well defined. We report a case of AEN in a patient who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and had dysphagia due to refractory stricture formation after mucosal healing occurred. A 62‐year‐old male with diabetes mellitus presented with altered mental status. He was admitted for hypovolemic shock secondary to DKA and treated with vasopressors, fluid resuscitation, and insulin. After resolution of DKA, he reported persistent dysphagia. Upper endoscopy showed circumferential black mucosal discoloration throughout the entire esophagus that spared the gastroesophageal junction. He was diagnosed with AEN and was continued on a proton pump inhibitor and sucralfate with improvement in symptoms. Repeat endoscopy 4 weeks later showed a 10‐cm benign‐appearing stricture in the mid esophagus. He underwent dilation with temporary symptomatic relief; however, recurrence in symptoms has thus far necessitated a total of 10 repeat upper endoscopies, including repeat dilations along with local steroid injection therapy. AEN is a rare presentation of severe esophageal injury and is typically associated with severe hemodynamic compromise. Although most cases resolve with supportive care and mucosal healing, there is little information regarding prognosis and optimal management of complications, such as refractory esophageal strictures. We describe a case of AEN complicated by refractory symptomatic esophageal stricture despite several dilations and intralesional steroid injections and discuss our approach to treatment.
Meyniel's conjecture on graphs of bounded degree
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Aliasghar , Mohar Bojan , Gonzalez Hermosillo de la Maza Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe game of Cops and Robbers is a well‐known pursuit‐evasion game played on graphs. It has been proved that cubic graphs can have arbitrarily large cop number , but the known constructions show only that the set is unbounded. In this paper, we prove that there are arbitrarily large subcubic graphs whose cop number is at least where . We also show that proving Meyniel's conjecture for graphs of bounded degree implies a weaker version of Meyniel's conjecture for all graphs.
Sensilla of the antenna and proboscis of Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Hu Gui‐Lin , Zhang Chuan‐Min , Wang Zhong‐Quan , Chen Qing‐Xiao , Lu Ji‐Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensory structures on the antennae and mouthparts of insects are associated with various activities, such as host location, feeding, attracting a mate, and identifying a suitable oviposition site. Athetis lepigone (Möschler) is an important polyphagous Eurasian pest with more than 30 species of host plants. The larvae target bud leaves, prop roots, and tender stems of many agricultural crops, but the feeding habits of the adults remain poorly known. Aiming to understand the feeding behavior of the species, we investigated the fine morphology of its antennae and proboscis using scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of both sexes are filiform, and bear eight types of sensilla: Böhm's bristles, sensilla squamiformia, trichodea, chaetica, basiconica, coeloconica, styloconica, and auricillica. Sensilla trichodea are the most abundant among these sensillum types. The proboscis consists of two elongated, interlocked maxillary galeae that enclose the food canal by dorsal and ventral legulae. The external galeal surface is covered with numerous triangular microtrichia on Zone 1 and abundant blunt microbumps on Zone 2. The surface of the food canal bears closely connected and smooth semicircular ridges, gradually tapering toward the proboscis tip. Three types of sensilla are noticeable on the proboscis: sensilla trichodea, basiconica, and styloconica. We briefly discuss the putative functional significance of the antennal and proboscis sensilla and, based on the specific structural modifications of the proboscis, predict a flower‐visiting habit for A. lepigone.
Correction of Artifacts Induced by B0 Inhomogeneities in Breast MRI Using Reduced‐Field‐of‐View Echo‐Planar Imaging and Enhanced Reversed Polarity Gradient Method
Authors: Rodríguez‐Soto Ana E. , Fang Lauren K. , Holland Dominic , Zou Jingjing , Park Helen H. , Keenan Kathryn E. , Bartsch Hauke , Kuperman Joshua , Wallace Anne M. , Hahn Michael , Ojeda‐Fournier Haydee , Dale Anders M. , Rakow‐Penner Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted (DW) echo‐planar imaging (EPI) is prone to geometric distortions due to B0 inhomogeneities. Both prospective and retrospective approaches have been developed to decrease and correct such distortions.PurposeThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the performance of reduced‐field‐of‐view (FOV) acquisition and retrospective distortion correction methods in decreasing distortion artifacts for breast imaging. Coverage of the axilla in reduced‐FOV DW magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and residual distortion were also assessed.Study TypeRetrospective.Population/PhantomBreast phantom and 169 women (52.4 ± 13.4 years old) undergoing clinical breast MRI.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/ full‐ and reduced‐FOV DW gradient‐echo EPI sequence.AssessmentPerformance of reversed polarity gradient (RPG) and FSL topup in correcting breast full‐ and reduced‐FOV EPI data was evaluated using the mutual information (MI) metric between EPI and anatomical images. Two independent breast radiologists determined if coverage on both EPI data sets was adequate to evaluate axillary nodes and identified residual nipple distortion artifacts.Statistical TestsTwo‐way repeated‐measures analyses of variance and post hoc tests were used to identify differences between EPI modality and distortion correction method. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate differences in axillary coverage and residual nipple distortion.ResultsIn a breast phantom, residual distortions were 0.16 ± 0.07 cm and 0.22 ± 0.13 cm in reduced‐ and full‐FOV EPI with both methods, respectively. In patients, MI significantly increased after distortion correction of full‐FOV (11 ± 5% and 18 ± 9%, RPG and topup) and reduced‐FOV (8 ± 4% both) EPI data. Axillary nodes were observed in 99% and 69% of the cases in full‐ and reduced‐FOV EPI images. Residual distortion was observed in 93% and 0% of the cases in full‐ and reduced‐FOV images.Data ConclusionMinimal distortion was achieved with RPG applied to reduced‐FOV EPI data. RPG improved distortions for full‐FOV images but with more modest improvements and limited correction near the nipple.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 1