bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporary migration and regional development amidst Covid‐19: Invercargill and Queenstown
Authors: Collins Francis L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between temporary migration and regional development in the context of the Covid‐19 global pandemic. Focusing specifically on Invercargill and Queenstown in Aotearoa New Zealand, I outline how temporary migration has become central to population growth and economic prosperity and how this relationship has been disrupted by the onset of border controls in response to Covid‐19. The paper outlines how the pandemic has revealed several challenges associated with temporary migration, including mismatches between the national management of migration and the local impacts, the availability of suitable data to understand migration, and the path dependency associated with population growth reliant on temporary migration.
Evaluation of the Third edition of the City University Colour Vision Test
Authors: Almustanyir Ali , Hovis Jeffery K , Alduhayan Reema , Alhassan Mosaad , Bokhary Kholoud , Alabdulkader Balsam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe 3rd edition of the City University Colour Vision Test (CUT) was originally based on the Farnsworth‐Munsell D‐15 test (D15). The first part of the test is for detecting a defect, and the second part is used to diagnose the type and severity of the defect. This study evaluates the CUT 3rd edition relative to the Ishihara and the D15 colour vision tests.MethodsFifty nine colour vision normal subjects and 60 subjects with a congenital red‐green colour vision defect were recruited. Subjects were tested with the Ishihara and CUT tests. Subjects who failed the Ishihara also performed the D15 test.ResultsThe agreement between the Ishihara and CUT screening plates was marginally higher when using the CUT failure criterion of >1 error compared with using >2 errors. If the diagnostic plates were included with the screening plates in determining the pass/fail outcomes, the agreement between the Ishihara and CUT was high, with a first‐order agreement coefficient (AC1) of 0.90. The AC1 coefficient agreement between the D15 and CUT diagnostic plates in terms of pass/fail was 0.81 when using the D15 failure criteria of >1 or >0 crossing.ConclusionThe level of agreement between the 3rd edition of the CUT and D15 was lower than the 2nd edition of the CUT. The primary reason for the lower agreement of the 3rd edition of the CUT was that it had a lower specificity relative to the D15 compared to the 2nd edition. Although the CUT predictive value for failing the D15 is over 90%, the predictive value for passing shows that 19%–25% of patients who pass the 3rd edition of the CUT test will fail the D15. The 3rd edition tends to misclassify protans as deutans or cannot classify the type of defect relative to the D15 and Ishihara.
Management strategies for vasovagal syncope
Authors: Ali Muzaffar , Pachon Maetos Jose Carlos , Kichloo Asim , Masudi Sundas , Grubb Blair P , Kanjwal Khalil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVasovagal syncope (VVS) (or neurocardiogenic syncope) is a common clinical condition that is challenging to both physicians and patients alike. Severe episodes of recurrent syncope can result in physical injury as well as psychological distress. This article provides a brief overview of current management strategies and a detailed overview of therapeutic modalities such as closed loop stimulation (CLS) and cardioneuroablation (CNA).
Romantic relationship and pregnancy dynamics among adolescent African Americans and refugees living in the United States
Authors: Barbee Anita P. , Cunningham Michael R. , Antle Becky F. , Langley Cheri , Purdy Lisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFew studies have examined romantic relationship attitudes and behaviors among ethnic or racial minority youth. The purpose of this study was to compare African American (AA) and mostly African refugee adolescents living in a U.S. city on romantic relationship attitudes and behaviors. A baseline questionnaire was given to 1448 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19 from 2011 to 2014 as part of a larger study on teen pregnancy prevention (Barbee et al., 2016). The sample included both U.S.‐born AA youth and a sample of mostly African refugee youth. Eighty‐eight percent of youth were on free and reduced lunch and living in the highest poverty neighborhoods of a southern U.S. city. AAs reported more favorable life history expectations than refugees. In addition, refugee youth were more likely than AAs to see the ecology as dangerous and their lives as likely to be short. Results also found that AA youth were more secure and less avoidant in their attachment styles than refugee youth. Using a measure of romantic motives, refugee youth were more likely to display traits of “parasites” and less likely to be “partners” or “players” than AA youth. Implications for pregnancy outcomes, youth development, and interventions are discussed.
Assessment of in vitro Cytotoxic, iNOS, Antioxidant and Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activities of Water‐soluble Sulfonated Phthalocyanines
Authors: Akin Mustafa , Saki Neslihan , Guzel Emre , Orman Batuhan , Nalbantsoy Ayse , Kocak Makbule B. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn recent years, much effort has been devoted to the development of effective anticancer agents. In this manner, the utilization of water‐soluble sulfonated phthalocyanines is crucial for many cancer cell lines. In this study, phthalonitrile and metallophthalocyanine compounds linked by benzenesulfonic acid groups have been prepared. Antimicrobial behaviors of those compounds were investigated by performing disk diffusion and photodynamic assays on gram‐positive and negative bacteria. Indium phthalocyanine (InClPc) (3) showed inhibition activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis and S. aureus with disk diffusion assay. Also, gallium and indium phthalocyanines (2 and 3) exhibited inhibitory activity on both gram‐positive and ‐negative microorganisms after light activation. Increasing the inhibitor concentration and light exposure time increased the inhibition activity for both molecules. GaClPc (2) demonstrated the maximum reducing power capacity among studied compounds, and CoPc (4) showed even better DPPH radical scavenging ability than the standard molecule Trolox at 2000 µg mL−1 concentration. The dose‐dependent effect of compounds on cytotoxicity was studied against cancer cells PANC‐1, MDA‐MB‐231, HepG2, A549, HeLa, CaCo‐2 and non‐tumorigenic cells HEK‐293. All compounds showed no significant cytotoxic effect on any cell line up to the highest treated concentration at 50 µg mL−1. However, all phthalocyanines had significant nitric oxide inhibition activity, and only in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (5), the MTT IC50 value was reached on LPS‐activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The lowest inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) IC50 values were defined as 6 ± 1 μg mL−1 and 7 ± 0.5 μg mL−1 for CuPc (5) and InClPc (3), respectively.
Mechanism of cadmium tolerance in Salicornia europaea at optimum levels of NaCl
Authors: Zhu T. , Liu X. , Zhang M. , Chen M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Many saline‐alkali soils around the world are polluted by the heavy metal Cd, restricting the development of agriculture and ecology in those regions. The halophyte Salicornia europaea L. is capable of growing healthily in Cd‐contaminated saline‐alkali soil, suggesting that the species is tolerant to stress caused by both salt and heavy metals. In this study, the mechanism of Cd tolerance in this species was explored under 200 mM NaCl.

Flame spectrophotometric assays for ions content and spectrophotometric for organic soluble substances, antioxidant enzyme activity, phytochelatins (PCs) content and phytochelatin synthase (PCS) activity, the photosynthetic parameters by portable photosynthesis measurement system, genes expression by qRT‐PCR analysis were carried out.

Cd treatment significantly decreased the dry weight, photosynthetic rate, K+, Zn2+, and Fe2+/3+ content, while significantly increasing Na+ and Cd+, soluble organic matter, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Compared with Cd treatment at 0 mM NaCl, Cd treatment at 200 mM NaCl significantly increased dry weight and photosynthetic rate while significantly decreasing ROS content through increased antioxidant enzyme activity. When exposed to Cd stress, treatment with 200 mM NaCl significantly increased PCs content and PCS activity and up‐regulated the expression of the phytochelatin synthase genes CDA1 and PCS1 were, thereby increasing resistance to Cd.

NaCl treatment increases the tolerance of S. europaea to the heavy metal Cd by growing rapidly, reducing the quantity of Cd2+ from entering the plant shoots, increasing the levels of PCs that chelate Cd2+, thereby reducing its toxicity.
Integrated proteome and lipidome analysis of naturally aged safflower seeds varying in vitality
Authors: Chen C. , Wang R. , Dong S. , Wang J. , Ren C‐X. , Chen C‐P. , Yan J. , Zhou T. , Wu Q‐H. , Pei J. , Chen J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Seed ageing has an important effect on germination and productivity. During natural ageing, seed vigour decreases rapidly but, to date, the molecular mechanisms underlying this decrease have not been fully elucidated. Using omics, some of the details regarding seed vigour decline during natural ageing might be elucidated through integrated analysis.

Safflower seed germination and physio‐biochemical changes during natural ageing (stored for 4, 16 and 28 months) were determined. Proteome and lipidome profiling during natural seed ageing was performed, and the differentially expressed proteins and lipid metabolite species analysed. The surface and internal structures of cotyledons were observed. An integrating analysis of the proteome and lipidome was also carried out.

Natural seed ageing significantly decreased safflower seed germination and vigour. 4,184 proteins and 1,193 lipids were quantified, both of which show huge differences among the different naturally aged seeds. The surface of the cotyledons collapsed and cracked, and the oil bodies become looser during natural ageing. The total content of DAG and PA increased, while the content of TAG and PL (PC, PE, PS, PI and PL) significantly decreased during seeds ageing. Two lipase genes (HH‐026818‐RA and HH‐025320) likely participated in this degradation of lipids.

We conclude that the enzymes that participate in glycerolipid metabolism and fatty acid degradation probably lead to the degradation of oil bodies (TAG) and membrane lipids (PC, PE, PS, PI, PG) and, ultimately, destroy the structure, causing a decline in seed vigour during natural seed ageing.
Relationship between storage period and germination of Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula seeds under natural condition
Authors: Asami Hidenori , Ishioka Gen , Homma Koki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMorning glory (Ipomoea spp.), a problematic weed in soybean fields, is difficult to control due to its long emergence period. The intermittent germination of morning glory prolongs the emergence period, and the factors remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of different storage periods under natural conditions on germination conditions and emergence percentages of physically dormant entire‐leaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula) seeds in the field. In 2017–2020, I. hederacea var. integriuscula was cultivated in outdoor planters. Each plant was tagged on the blooming flower peduncle to record the flowering date. The seeds of I. hederacea var. integriuscula germinated 23 days after flowering (DAF). The water content of the seeds decreased rapidly until 30 DAF, and no water absorption occurred thereafter. The germination percentage of seeds in bags outdoors was low from 45 to 210 DAF, and it increased after 270 DAF irrespective of the temperature (20–35°C). On the field surface, the shorter the period of storage in bags outdoors, the lower the cumulative emergence percentage of I. hederacea var. integriuscula. The cumulative emergence was 0% in the soil for seeds of more than 90 DAF. The survival percentage of seeds in the soil increased with the number of DAFs. Therefore, the longer the DAF of the seeds, the higher the emergence of the field and survival percentage in the soil. The long period of storage on mother plants may be one of the factors associated with the long emergence period.
A Semiparametric Model-Based Friction Compensation Method for Multijoint Industrial Robot
Authors: He Miao , Wu Xiaomin , Shao Guifang , Wen Yuhua , Liu Tundong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Industrial robots have received enormous attention due to their widespread uses in modern manufacturing. However, due to the frictional discontinuous and other unknown dynamics in a robotic system, existing researches are limited to simulation and single- or double-joint robot. In this paper, we introduce a semiparametric controller combined with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and a complete physical model considering joint friction. First, to extend the neural network (NN) controller to real-world problems, the continuously differentiable friction (CDF) model is adopted to bring physical information into the learning process. Then, RBFNN is employed to approximate the model error and other unmolded dynamics, and the parameters of the CDF model are updated online according to its learning ability. The stability of the robot system can be guaranteed by the Lyapunov theory. The primary parameters of the CDF model are determined by the identification experiment and subsequently iteratively updated by the NN. Real-time tracking tasks are performed on a six-degree-of-freedom (DoF) manipulator to follow the desired trajectory. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller, especially at low speed.
Gaussian Process NARX Model for Damage Detection in Composite Aircraft Structures
Authors: da Silva Samuel , Villani Luis G. G. , Rébillat Marc , Mechbal Nazih 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article demonstrates the Gaussian process regression model’s applicability combined with a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) framework using experimental data measured with PZTs’ patches bonded in a composite aeronautical structure for concerning a novel structural health monitoring (SHM) strategy. A stiffened carbon-epoxy plate regarding a healthy condition and simulated damage on the center of the bottom part of the stiffener is utilized. Comparing the performance in terms of simulation errors is made to observe if the identified models can represent and predict the waveform with confidence bounds considering the confounding effect produced by noise or possible temperature variations assuming a dataset preprocessed using principal component analysis. The results of the GP-NARX identified model have attested correct classification with a reduced number of false alarms, even with model uncertainties propagation regarding healthy and damaged conditions.
Sizing Methodology of Floating Photovoltaic Plants in Dams of Semi-Arid Areas
Authors: Reges Jonas Platini , Carvalho Paulo C. M. , de Araújo José Carlos , Carneiro Tatiane Carolyne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Floating photovoltaic (FPV) plants in reservoirs can contribute to reduce water evaporation, increase power generation efficiency, due to the cooling process, and reduce competitiveness in land use. Based on this motivation, we propose a new methodology for sizing FPV plants in dams of semi-arid regions using the flood duration curve. The methodology innovations are no use of commercial software, the possibility of choosing the reliability level, the application in reservoirs of semi-arid areas of the world, and the use of a graphic analysis of the reservoir hydrological behavior. The case studies in the Brazilian and Australian semi-arid consider two scenarios: high reliability level (90%, scenario 1) and low reliability level (70%, scenario 2). The reliability level is linked to the electricity production; the evaporation reduction is proportional to the FPV plant area.
Tribological Characteristics and Load-Sharing of Point-Contact Interface in Three-Body Mixed Lubrication
Authors: Horng Jeng-Haur , Yu Chia-Chun , Chen Yang-Yuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The third particle occurred at the interface of contacting surfaces is common situations in relative motion part. This study involved developing an analysis framework to investigate the contact characteristics in the full range of 3-body mixed lubrication. Conventional 2-body mixed lubrication is a special case of 3-body mixed lubrication analysis with particle size of zero. This study revealed that the values of real contact area, film thickness, contact mode, and the solid contact load in 3-body contact were larger than those in ideal 2-body contact in mixed lubrication, and they increased with an increasing particle size or density under the study conditions. The initial stages and transition processes of four types of 3-body contact modes under mixed lubrication were significantly different for different particle sizes and densities. The size of the third particle increased the values of both minimum and maximum values, λmin and λmax, of film parameter in the mixed lubrication regime. The particle density did not have a significant effect on the λmax value in mixed lubrication. Higher particle density led to a larger λmin value in mixed lubrication. The conventional film parameter, λ, was not a sufficient indicator of the different lubrication regimes in 3-body contact.
Rapid Response! Investigating the Effects of Problem Definition on the Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Solutions for COVID-19
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Berthel Joseph T. , Masia Jordan S. , Meisel Nicholas A. , Simpson Timothy W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Designers from around the world have proposed numerous engineering design solutions for problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of which leverage the rapid prototyping and manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM). While some of these solutions are motivated by complex and urgent requirements (e.g., face masks), others are motivated by simpler and less urgent needs (e.g., hands-free door openers). Previous research suggests that problem definition influences the creativity of solutions generated for the problem. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the definition of problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the characteristics of AM solutions that were openly shared for these problems. Specifically, we analyze 26 AM solutions spanning three categories: (1) hands-free door openers (low complexity problem), (2) face shields (moderate complexity problem), and (3) face masks (high complexity problem). These designs were compared on (1) DfAM utilization, (2) manufacturability (i.e., build time, cost, and material usage), and (3) creativity. We see that the solutions designed for the high complexity problem, i.e., face masks, were least suitable for AM. Moreover, we see that solutions designed for the moderate complexity problem, i.e., face shields, had the lowest build time, build cost, and material consumption. Finally, we observe that the problem definition did not relate to the creativity of the AM solutions. In light of these findings, designers must sufficiently emphasize the AM suitability and manufacturability of their solutions when designing for urgent and complex problems in rapid response situations.
A Flexure-Based Linear Guide With Torsion Reinforcement Structures
Authors: Rommers J. , Naves M. , Brouwer D. M. , Herder J. L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, a flexure-based (compliant) linear guide with a motion range comparable to its footprint is presented. The design consists of two-folded leaf springs on which torsion reinforcement structures are added. Due to these structures, only two-folded leaf springs are needed instead of a minimum of five as in preexisting designs. The new design is compared to such a preexisting design, after optimizing both on a support stiffness metric. The new design scores over twice as high on the support stiffness metric, while occupying a smaller (−33%) and a less obstructive build volume. Stress, build volume, and manufacturing limitations are taken into account. In addition, a variation on the new design using three torsion reinforced folded leaf springs is presented and optimized. This design occupies a build volume similar to the preexisting design, but scores four times higher on the support stiffness metric. A prototype of the new design is built and its parasitic eigenfrequencies are measured, validating the theoretical models (normalized mean absolute error of 4.3%).
Constraining the timing of Arabia-Eurasia collision in the Zagros orogen by sandstone provenance (Neyriz, Iran)
Authors: GholamiZadeh Parisa , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , Adabi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Zagros orogen, formed by the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian continental margins, represents one of the largest and richest oil and gas provinces in the world. The Zagros fold-thrust belt records collision and convergence along the Neotethys suture zone. By coupling field observations, sandstone modal analysis, U-Pb zircon dating, and Hf isotopic data from the Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene sedimentary succession of the Neyriz region, this paper documents several major provenance changes that allow us to propose a refined scenario for the Zagros orogeny. An ophiolitic complex dated by detrital-zircon U-Pb geochronology as ca. 95 Ma provided detritus to Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene strata deposited along the northeastern margin of the Arabian lower plate (ophiolite provenance). Yet, on the southwestern margin of the Eurasian upper plate, upper Paleocene-lower Eocene strata indicate provenance from Mesozoic magmatic rocks yielding zircons dated as ca. 240 Ma and 170 Ma as well as the recycling of clastic rocks. Since the early Miocene, the sedimentary basin located on the Arabian plate received both ophiolitic detritus and magmatic-arc, recycled clastic, and axial-belt metamorphic detritus from Eurasia. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons reflect polyphase magmatism at 170 Ma, 95 Ma, and 40 Ma on the Eurasian active margin. Our results indicate that progressive accretion, uplift, and exhumation of the Zagros orogen was well under way by the beginning of the Miocene in the Neyriz region. Literature data from adjacent regions suggest that the Arabia/Eurasia collision may have occurred diachronously and later in the Kermanshah and Lurestan areas to the north.