bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Standard Operating Procedures Using Model‐Based Systems Engineering Diagrams
Authors: Bashatah Jomana A. , Sherry Lance , Dam Steve , Flenniken Lauren , Hartmann Patrick , Harold Tom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStandard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are critical for the safe operations of complex, hazard‐sensitive systems. The SOPs are particularity important for dealing with non‐normal operations in which the human operator must intervene and/or provide instructions to the automation. Under these rare circumstances, the appropriate human operator actions are defined by SOPs. The SOPs must be completed within an Allowable Operational Time Window (AOTW) to avert a hazardous outcome. In many cases, the AOTW is not fixed, but exhibits variance due to complex non‐linear, plant dynamics. The Time on Procedure (ToP) is also subject to variability due to human factors such as experience, proficiency, fatigue, and the efficacy of the SOPs and the supporting automation user‐interface. For this reason, it is critical to evaluate the dynamic performance of the SOP in the context of the operations and determine the likelihood of the ToP exceeding the AOTW.This paper describes how to model SOPs and perform SOP analysis using LML/SysML Action/Activity Diagrams that can be found in most Model‐based System Engineering (MBSE) tools. The method enables the SOP designer to assess the performance of the SOP by accounting for human factors and operation dynamics. The ability to test the procedures in a MBSE tool can inform the system design and verify the procedure design early in the development life‐cycle. The implications and limitations of this approach are discussed.
Automated trade study analysis based on dynamic requirements verification in the model‐based system engineering
Authors: Bankauskaite Jovita , Strolia Zilvinas , Morkevicius Aurelijus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this complex world, where evolving systems communicate independently to achieve a common goal, the ability for an engineer to develop systems with traceability to requirements, using one integrated architecture model that enables all types of automated analysis (e.g., impact analysis, gap analysis, trade study analysis, and simulation) is becoming more and more vital. Today, the core enabler for automated analysis is the application of model‐based systems engineering practices. Model‐based systems engineering is used to capture system or systems of systems architecture as descriptive and analytical system models, which relate text‐based requirements to the architecture and provide an infrastructure to support trade study analysis. One of the core techniques to perform such analysis is requirements verification. This paper proposes an approach for an automated trade study analysis based on dynamic requirements verification in the model‐based systems engineering environment, with a goal to support trade of analysis both in the system of systems and systems engineering domains.
Conceptualizing the Lessons Learned Process in Delivery Projects: Detecting Knowledge Flow Barriers
Authors: Ahmad Banaz , Bergsjö Dag 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKnowledge is vital intellectual property and is one of the most significant assets of an organization. Notably, it needs to be highly prioritized and managed strategically to enhance continuous improvement by capturing and reusing knowledge. Technology enterprises are associated with innovation, productivity, a collaboration of multidisciplinary professionals, tight budgets, and challenging time‐schedules. These factors combined are often what leads to challenges with knowledge management. Frequent disappointments with past knowledge management initiatives have motivated organizations to gain a new understanding of the complex mechanism of knowledge, which governs the effectiveness of an enterprise. This study elaborated on identifying knowledge flow barriers and handling knowledge by lessons learned (LL) practice in a case company and identify changes to ameliorate the flow. Albeit, the observations revealed that the difficulties related to finding LL documents were not the main issue, it was the contribution of the leaders. The case company demonstrated a discrepancy between what they said they do, and what they actually do. Besides these barriers, the research also detected divergence in the fundamental understanding of the theoretical aspects within knowledge management and LL, which indicates confusion and absence of awareness for the project managers and the leaders. Implementation of Systems Engineering (SE) methods, such as Communities of Practice (CoP) or triple loop lessons learned may fill both the gaps in the company but also in the literature when it comes to improving knowledge flow in large‐sized delivery projects.
Architecture Literacy
Authors: Kumar Anand , Lokku Doji Samson , Natarajan Swaminathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArchitecture as a discipline is gaining prominence in dealing with the size, sophistication, and complexity of human‐made entities. The architectures of these entities are expressed by architecture descriptions that depict how stakeholder concerns are addressed. Often, many stakeholders find it difficult to understand the underlying architectural concepts, properties, and principles and make decisions that affect the human‐made entity without understanding the consequences of their actions. Organizations often deal with the ripple effects of these uninformed decisions. In this paper, a few fundamental architecture concepts, principles, and properties are presented with the expectation that it will help individuals understand and make better architecture related decisions.
Broadening the Definition of Breadth in Systems Engineering
Authors: Armstrong James R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBreadth versus depth is an aspect of systems engineering that is often referred to but seldom fully defined. This paper presents results of recent research that defines multiple aspects of depth that should be considered and discusses their value. The set of nine dimensions expands beyond the usual view of breadth defined as multiple systems engineering areas and can be applied to growth paths for systems engineers in their expertise development.
Betulinic acid exerts antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic activities via inhibition of COX‐2 and PCNA in rodents
Authors: Ferreira Natália H. , Cunha Nayanne L. , de Melo Matheus R. S. , Fernandes Fernanda S. , de Freitas Karoline S. , do Nascimento Samuel , Ribeiro Arthur B. , de A. e Silva Márcio L. , Cunha Wilson R. , Tavares Denise C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhytochemicals have been suggested as an effective strategy for cancer prevention. Within this context, triterpene betulinic acid (BA) exhibits several biological properties but its chemopreventive effect has not been fully demonstrated. The present study investigated the antigenotoxic potential of BA against doxorubicin (DXR)‐induced genotoxicity using the mouse peripheral blood micronucleus assay, as well as its anticarcinogenic activity against 1,2dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced colorectal lesions in rats. Micronuclei (MN) assay and aberrant crypt foci assay were used to assess the antigenotoxic and the anticarcinogenic potential, respectively. The molecular mechanisms underlying the anticarcinogenic activity of BA were evaluated by assessing anti‐inflammatory (COX‐2) and antiproliferative (PCNA) pathways. The results demonstrated that BA at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight exerted antigenotoxic effects against DXR, with a reduction of 70.2% in the frequencies of chromosomal damage. Animals treated with BA showed a 64% reduction in the number of preneoplastic lesions when compared to those treated with the carcinogen alone. The levels of COX‐2 and PCNA expression in the colon were significantly lower in animals treated with BA and DMH compared to those treated with the carcinogen alone. The chemopreventive effect of BA is related, at least in part, to its antiproliferative and anti‐inflammatory activity, indicating a promising potential of this triterpene in anticancer therapies, especially for colorectal cancer.
The PRMT5/HURP axis retards Golgi repositioning by stabilizing acetyl‐tubulin and Golgi apparatus during cell migration
Authors: Chiu Shao‐Chih , Huang Yun‐Ru Jaoying , Wei Tong‐You Wade , Chen Jo‐Mei Maureen , Kuo Yi‐Chun , Huang Yu‐Ting Jenny , Liao Yu‐Ting Amber , Yu Chang‐Tze Ricky 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Golgi apparatus (GA) translocates to the cell leading end during directional migration, thereby determining cell polarity and transporting essential factors to the migration apparatus. The study provides mechanistic insights into how GA repositioning (GR) is regulated. We show that the methyltransferase PRMT5 methylates the microtubule regulator HURP at R122. The HURP methylation mimicking mutant 122F impairs GR and cell migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that HURP 122F or endogenous methylated HURP, that is, HURP m122, interacts with acetyl‐tubulin. Overexpression of HURP 122F stabilizes the bundling pattern of acetyl‐tubulin by decreasing the sensitivity of the latter to a microtubule disrupting agent nocodazole. HURP 122F also rigidifies GA via desensitizing the organelle to several GA disrupting chemicals. Similarly, the acetyl‐tubulin mimicking mutant 40Q or tubulin acetyltransferase αTAT1 can rigidify GA, impair GR, and retard cell migration. Reversal of HURP 122F‐induced GA rigidification, by knocking down GA assembly factors such as GRASP65 or GM130, attenuates 122F‐triggered GR and cell migration. Remarkably, PRMT5 is found downregulated and the level of HURP m122 is decreased during the early hours of wound healing‐based cell migration, collectively implying that the PRMT5‐HURP‐acetyl‐tubulin axis plays the role of brake, preventing GR and cell migration before cells reach empty space.
Evaluation of Individualized Cefepime Dosing Strategy Using Population Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Mo Yoonsun , Shcherbakova Natalia , Inman Kelsey L. , Li Wai Kin , Kovalenko Kateryna , Rosenberg Joshua , Orsini Jose , Truong James 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of population pharmacokinetics (PK) to optimize cefepime dosing could be an effective strategy, given the increasing prevalence of resistant gram‐negative organisms. The objective of this study is to retrospectively compare dosing using a PK approach (intervention) vs traditional dosing (control) for cefepime in patients with hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). Adult hospitalized patients with HAP or VAP receiving cefepime for ≥72 hours were screened first from August 2018 to January 2019 to be included in the intervention group, then screened during the preintervention period from August 2017 to July 2018 for the control group. Clinical improvement on day 7 of cefepime therapy was achieved in 72% of the patients in the intervention group and 70% of the patients in the control group (P = .8110). However, the clinical cure rate in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (50% vs 36.5%; P = .0034). Cefepime dosing using population PK appears to be a novel, effective, and safe dosing strategy for patients with HAP or VAP.
An observational study of learning effects of peer‐assisted learning tests in COVID‐19 pandemic times
Authors: Holfert Jonathan , Kesting Marco R. , Buchbender Mayte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine whether peer‐assisted learning (PAL) is a more effective learning and test method in terms of oral‐ and maxillofacial surgery.Material and methodsIn July 2020, a total of 267 students took a PAL‐based exam on fictional patients with surgical issues, in which they had to evaluate two fellow students and were themselves evaluated by two fellow students. The students evaluated their experience with the PAL‐based exam through a questionnaire which consisted of five given statements (answer possibilities: agree, disagree, neutral) and two questions (answer possibilities: better, equal, worse) to rate.ResultsIn the survey, 77.9% of the students rated PAL as a better learning method and 21% rated it as at least equally effective to the known multiple‐choice (MC) test. A total of 74.9% of the students indicated that they learned more content with PAL and 20.2% said they learned the same amount; 83.7% said that their “clinical thinking has improved” through PAL. In the comments, 73% of the students noted that they think PAL is a good learning method, and at least 22% rated it as useful but in need of improvements. Only 5% did not see PAL as an acceptable learning method. In contrast to this, 1.3% saw PAL as a “bad alternative to MC tests.”ConclusionPAL, especially peer assessment, might represent a better learning method as it might encourage students to deal more intensively with the learning content and to improve clinical thinking.
Comparison of pulse‐dose and high‐dose corticosteroids with no corticosteroid treatment for COVID‐19 pneumonia in the intensive care unit
Authors: Yaqoob Hamid , Greenberg Daniel , Hwang Frank , Lee Curtis , Vernik David , Manglani Ravi , Wang Zhen , Murad M. Hassan , Chandy Dipak , Epelbaum Oleg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCorticosteroid dosing in the range of 0.5–2 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone equivalents has become a standard part of the management of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia based on positive results of randomized trials and a meta‐analysis. Alongside such conventional dosing, administration of 1 gm of methylprednisolone daily (pulse dosing) has also been reported in the literature with claims of favorable outcomes. Comparisons between such disparate approaches to corticosteroids for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia are lacking. In this retrospective study of patients admitted to the ICU with COVID‐19 pneumonia, we compared patients treated with 0.5–2 mg/kg/day in methylprednisolone equivalents (high‐dose corticosteroids) and patients treated with 1 gm of methylprednisolone (pulse‐dose corticosteroids) to those who did not receive any corticosteroids. The endpoints of interest were hospital mortality, ICU‐free days at Day 28, and complications potentially attributable to corticosteroids. Pulse‐dose corticosteroid therapy was associated with a significant increase in ICU‐free days at Day 28 compared to no receipt: adjusted relative risk (aRR): 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–2.02; p = 0.03) and compared with high‐dose corticosteroid administration (p = 0.003). Nonetheless, receipt of high‐dose corticosteroids—but not of pulse‐dose corticosteroids—significantly reduced the odds of hospital mortality compared to no receipt: adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) 0.31 (95% CI: 0.12–0.77; p = 0.01). High‐dose corticosteroids reduced mortality compared to pulse‐dose corticosteroids (p = 0.04). Pulse‐dose corticosteroids—but not high‐dose corticosteroids—significantly increased the odds of acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy compared to no receipt: aOR 3.53 (95% CI: 1.27–9.82; p = 0.02). The odds of this complication were also significantly higher in the pulse‐dose group when compared to the high‐dose group (p = 0.05 for the comparison). In this single‐center study, pulse‐dose corticosteroid therapy for COVID‐19 pneumonia in the ICU was associated with an increase in ICU‐free days but failed to impact hospital mortality, perhaps because of its association with development of severe renal failure. In line with existing trial data, the effect of high‐dose corticosteroids on mortality was favorable.
Using different machine learning models to classify patients into mild and severe cases of COVID‐19 based on multivariate blood testing
Authors: Zhang Rui‐kun , Xiao Qi , Zhu Sheng‐lang , Lin Hai‐yan , Tang Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 is a serious respiratory disease. The ever‐increasing number of cases is causing heavier loads on the health service system. Using 38 blood test indicators on the first day of admission for the 422 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 (from January 2020 to June 2021) to construct different machine learning (ML) models to classify patients into either mild or severe cases of COVID‐19. All models show good performance in the classification between COVID‐19 patients into mild and severe disease. The area under the curve (AUC) of the random forest model is 0.89, the AUC of the naive Bayes model is 0.90, the AUC of the support vector machine model is 0.86, and the AUC of the KNN model is 0.78, the AUC of the Logistic regression model is 0.84, and the AUC of the artificial neural network model is 0.87, among which the naive Bayes model has the best performance. Different ML models can classify patients into mild and severe cases based on 38 blood test indicators taken on the first day of admission for patients diagnosed with COVID‐19.
Prognostic Indicators of Survival in Sinonasal Diffuse LargeB‐CellLymphoma: A National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Brown Hannah J. , Varelas Eleni A. , Ganti Ashwin , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Mark Michelle , Kuan Edward C. , Tajudeen Bobby A. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThis study offers an update on the epidemiologic and prognostic factors and treatment‐specific outcomes in patients diagnosed with sinonasal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsNational Cancer Database was queried from 2004 to 2016 for patients with sinonasal DLBCL. Univariate Kaplan‐Meier and multivariate Cox‐regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of suspected prognostic factors with overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 2,222 patients with sinonasal DLBCL were analyzed. OS was 62% at 5 years and 42% at 10 years. Prognostic factors associated with increased survival included African‐American race (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33–0.70), chemotherapy (HR: 0.30, CI: 0.25–0.35), and radiation (HR: 0.80, CI: 0.69–0.93). Prognostic factors associated with decreased survival included patients with Charlson‐Deyo scores of 1 (HR: 1.51, CI: 1.25–1.84), 2 (HR: 2.25, CI: 1.67–3.03), and 3 (HR: 2.36, CI: 1.49–3.74) and patients with Lugano stage III (HR: 1.69, CI: 1.09–2.62) and IV (HR: 1.96, CI: 1.46–2.64) disease. Stage‐based split multivariate analysis was performed and revealed chemotherapy was independently associated with increased OS in patients with stage I (HR: 0.24, CI: 0.19–0.30), II (HR: 0.17, CI: 0.11–0.28), and IV (HR: 0.41, CI: 0.26–0.64) disease. Radiotherapy was independently associated with increased OS in patients with stage I disease only (HR: 0.67, CI: 0.55–0.83), while immunotherapy was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage IV disease only (HR: 0.60, CI: 0.37–0.98).ConclusionThis study is the largest to date to analyze the association of demographic features and treatment modalities with OS in patients with sinonasal DLBCL. It is the first to investigate the association of immunotherapy with OS in this population. A combination treatment of immunochemotherapy or radioimmunochemotherapy confers increased survival, particularly in patients with advanced disease.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 132:1515–1522, 2022
Estimations of Laryngotracheal Stenosis After Mechanical Ventilation: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Johnson Romaine F. , Bradshaw Stanley , Jaffal Hussein , Chorney Stephen R. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo estimate the incidence of laryngotracheal stenosis among adults after intubation.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.MethodsWe used the Nationwide Readmission Database to examine adult patients readmitted within 45 days after admission for mechanical ventilation. Those with a diagnosis of laryngotracheal stenosis or tracheostomy dependence on their index admission were excluded. Patient demographics, associated comorbidities, and intubation lengths were compared among those with and without a diagnosis of airway stenosis at readmission.ResultsAn estimated 624,918 patients met inclusion with a mean age of 59 years (standard error = 0.2). There were 1,230 patients readmitted within 45 days and diagnosed with laryngeal (N = 362) or tracheal stenosis (N = 920) estimating an incidence of 1.98 per 1,000 discharges. Compared with those without a diagnosis of airway stenosis, those with stenosis were younger (57 vs. 59 years, P < .001), more often female (62% vs. 45%, P < .001) and frequently intubated for >96 hours (47% vs. 32%, P < .001). Additionally, a history of respiratory failure, pneumonia, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and chronic steroid use were also more common among patients with stenosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified a decreased risk of stenosis with advancing age while an increased risk was associated strongest for females (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58–2.44, P < .001) and those with chronic steroid use (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.80–4.02, P < .001).ConclusionThe incidence of laryngotracheal stenosis after intubation in adults is rare but is associated with female gender and younger age.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1723–1728, 2022
The use of embedded visual methods in unveiling consumers' values: A digital ethnography perspective
Authors: Pera Rebecca , Quinton Sarah , Baima Gabriele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis methodological paper investigates how visual methods contribute to the understanding of consumers' values. The study adopts a digital ethnography approach in which participant generated photographs and videos unearth complex and intangible consumer values associated with food consumption. The findings indicate that visual methods are powerful in moving beyond the representational and offer a transformative capability for participants in making abstract constructs more concrete. The research illustrates that embedded visual methods are compelling in giving “voice” to participants and as such they are more engaged with the research process. In addition, the study suggests that visual methods provide valuable and more complete insights into consumer research when text, sound, and image interplay.
Passive Integrated Transponder Tag Monitoring Reveals Complex Migration and Life History Patterns in Mountain Whitefish in Upper Columbia River Tributaries
Authors: Snow Charles G. , Goodman Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni is a native salmonid distributed throughout the Columbia River basin, but little is known about the life history traits of tributary-specific populations. We captured and tagged 129 Mountain Whitefish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags between 2010 and 2015 at a weir on the Twisp River, Washington, to assess migration patterns. Detection records suggested that two populations of Mountain Whitefish overlap in the Twisp River during spring: resident fish that spawn in the Twisp River (42% of fish) and migrant fish that spawn in the Okanogan River (58% of fish). The median entry day into the Twisp River was similar for resident (April 17) and migrant (April 16) populations, but median exit day was significantly earlier for migrant (July 2) than for resident fish (November 6). Migrant fish exited the Methow basin and traveled at 14.1 river kilometers per day, passing the lower Okanogan River PIT antenna with a median date of September 17. After spawning and overwintering in the Okanogan River with a median exit date of March 16, these fish returned to the Methow basin traveling at 22.1 river kilometers per day. These results improve our understanding of Mountain Whitefish life history and habitat use in tributaries upstream of Wells Dam, Washington.