bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TOY AS ANATOMY TEACHING AND LEARNING TOOL
Authors: Campos Letícia Cavalcante , Filho Cezar Nilton Rabelo Lemos , de Menezes Victor Matheus Lean , Carioca Levi Costa , Filho Luiz Alexandre Porto Castro , da Silva Ivan do Nascimento , Barreto Joao Erivan Facanha , Santos Cerqueira Gilberto S 
Published: June 2021

Playing is a rich, complex human experience that in the process of teaching and learning anatomy promotes meaningful learning. Among these activities in anatomical teaching we use the dolls and dolls as a playful tool for students of medicine and pharmacy courses. Nowadays the task of teaching is a big challenge, especially when we compete with the problems of using the telephone in the classroom. In this way we elaborate an active and playful method as a tool for learning the muscular system in the teaching of anatomy. Based on these premises the objective of this work was to investigate if the use of toys (dolls) as a tool in the process of teaching and learning the anatomy of the muscular system promotes learning. An analytical and cross ‐ sectional study was carried out with 74 pupils who used dolls and pins to identify muscles. Then, based on atlas images of human anatomy, the students performed 100 anatomical structure markings with pins with the purpose of identifying the muscles and their action, developing the spatial notions of the muscles that make up the human body. To collect data, a semi‐structured questionnaire on the perception of learning was applied. For statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney test was considered significant when presented at p <0.05. The mean age of the interviewees was 19.34 ± 0.53 for males and 19.22 ± 0.2 for females. A statistically significant difference was observed in pupils' perception of learning before (5.60 ± 0.31) and after (8.08 ± 0.2) the use of toys as an anatomy learning tool. Regarding the preference for traditional teaching and play teaching no statistically significant difference was observed, most of the students reported that they prefer hybrid teaching with a mixture of active and traditional methodology. However, we observed a reasoning and correctness of the muscles in the students who performed the activity of markings with the muscular system. It was verified that the toy was demonstrated as a methodology with great acceptability, promoting significant and playful learning of the muscular system among the students for the study and learning of the human anatomy.Support or Funding InformationCNPQThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells by microarray in a microfluidic device
Authors: Liu Hui‐Yu , Hille Claudia , Haller Anna , Kumar Ravi , Pantel Klaus , Hirtz Michael 
Published: June 2021

We established a versatile microarray‐based platform that is able to capture single target cell from large background populations. To show the efficacy of the device, we consider the challenging application of detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) – where the target cell appears in a concentration of about one cell in a billion. The cells were incubated with a biotinylated antibody cocktail, targeted cells are extracted on a streptavidin microarray in a herringbone design microfluidic chip. The accessibility to the captured target cell on our device facilitates subsequent recovery of the targets for further analysis. Our previous results (Brinkmann et al., 2015) have shown that analyzing blood samples from cancer patients with our platform reaches, and partly outreaches, gold standard performance, demonstrating feasibility for clinical application. Currently, we aim to optimize the design of our device to further increase the capturing rate. We tried 3 different herringbone designs of our microfluidic chips (which we will refer to as the HA, HB and HC chips), 3 different patterns of streptavidin depositions (dots with a pitch of 25 μm, 50 μm, and a homogenous coating). The combination of 50 μm pitch dots, the HC chip showed the highest capturing rate. In the viability test, 90% tumor cells were alive after capturing. Furthermore, we can easily open the PDMS cap to access the alive tumor cells, which allows us to do further downstream analysis. Our device allows clinical researchers to freely choose the desired antibody and detect different rare bio‐targets. This facilitates virtually arbitrary capturing of target species and therefore a wide spread application in the biomedical sciences.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Metabolic reprogramming of the stromal epigenome in ovarian cancer metastasis
Authors: Eckert Mark A , Coscia Fabian , Chryplewicz Agnieszka A , Chang Jae Wong , Hernandez Kyle M , Pan Shawn , Tienda Samantha M , Nahotko Dominik A , Li Gang , Blaženović Ivana , Lastra Ricardo R , Curtis Marion , Yamada S. Diane , Perets Ruth , McGregor Stephanie , Andrade Jorge , Fiehn Oliver , Moellering Raymond E , Mann Matthias , Lengyel Ernst 
Published: June 2021

High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by early metastasis throughout the peritoneal cavity and a poor clinical outcome. During the metastatic process, ovarian cancer cells interact with diverse cell populations, including mesothelial cells, adipocytes, and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Ovarian cancer CAFs have well‐described roles in promoting the growth and progression of ovarian cancer by secreting pro‐proliferative cytokines and oncogenic extracellular matrix components (ECM). To better understand the proteomic changes that occur during metastasis in both tumor and stromal compartments, laser‐capture microdissection was coupled to label‐free, quantitative proteomics to independently characterize the proteomes of both tumor and stromal compartments in a cohort of HGSOC patients. We identified a conserved stromal proteomic signature associated with metastasis which included high expression of nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) in the metastatic stroma. NNMT is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide and consumes S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM), thus depleting cellular methylation potential and reducing methylation of DNA and proteins. NNMT regulated the expression of thousands of genes and was necessary and sufficient for the reprogramming of normal fibroblasts to CAFs. Stromal NNMT expression altered multiple metabolic pathways and led to a significant reduction in cellular SAM pools. Attenuated DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) were associated with global changes in gene expression. Using genetic and small‐molecule inhibitor strategies, we found that stromal NNMT activity promoted the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. This study provides support to the idea that stromal methyltransferase activities can be targeted to normalize the metastatic stroma and should be further explored as treatment targets for cancer.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by a Marsha Rivkin Foundation award (MAE), National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants CA111882 and CA211916 (EL), the Harris Family Foundation (MAE and SDY), the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (EL), NIH grant CA175399 and DP2GM128199 (REM), V Foundation for Cancer Research (V2016‐020 to REM), the Körber Foundation/Körber European Science Prize (MM), the Max‐Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MM), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Grant agreement NNF14CC0001 and NNF15CC0001; FC and MM), and University of Chicago Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA014599.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Analysis of Genes that Mediate Persistence in Halophilic Microbes Subjected to Osmotic Shock
Authors: Gregory Abby M , Miranda‐Katz Margot R. , Miranda‐Katz Margot R 
Published: June 2021

All organisms are subject to stress from environmental changes, and understanding the specific molecular responses to allow cells to maintain viability is a fundamental biological problem. We explore this process in the halophilic (salt‐loving) microbe Haloferax volcanii. This species was originally isolated from the Dead Sea and grows optimally at 12–14% sodium chloride. However, these organisms are regularly subjected to rapid changes in their osmotic environment during rainfall or flooding events, and we hypothesize that they have evolved so that a subset of their population consists of cells prepared to survive dramatic stress events. As a first step to examine how these ‘persisting’ cells endure, we used RNA sequencing to examine transcriptome differences in cells that survived osmotic shock compared to unstressed cells. Our data revealed that approximately half of the protein‐coding genes exhibited statistically significant differences in transcriptome abundance with a nearly equal distribution of more abundant and less abundant transcripts. There were about twice the number of transcripts exhibiting a 10‐fold or greater decrease (5.3% of protein‐coding genes) in abundance than those with the same magnitude of increased abundance (2.7% of protein‐coding genes). This result may indicate that cells primed for survival reduce production of proteins required for active metabolism. We are currently conducting experiments to determine if deletion or overexpression of some of these genes affects susceptibility of H. volcanii to osmotic shock. Our work may provide insight into why some cells in a microbial population survive stress events despite being genetically identical to cells that are killed. Similar mechanisms may also allow disease‐causing bacteria that persist even after being exposed to antibiotic agents. Potentially, the factors that carry out these responses could be targeted to enable antibiotics to effectively eliminate persister cells.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by an Institutional Development Award from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the National Institutes of Health under grant P20GM103423. Additional funding was provided by the Colby College Natural Science Division.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Characterization of Three Foodborne Bacteria using Hyperspectral Microscopy
Authors: Riggs Rebecca Dobson , Chen I‐Hsuan , Barbaree James , Zinner Bertram , Sorokulova Iryna , Vodyanoy Vitaly 
Published: June 2021

The field of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has progressed exponentially since its inception in 1972 and is applied to various research fields including agriculture, food quality and archeology. The purpose of the technology is to acquire images containing spatial and spectral data that can be used for detection and/or identification purposes. Our goal was to use HSI technology to differentiate between 3 different bacteria that are common foodborne organisms in 3 phases of growth: log, late log and stationary.For our study we used the Cytoviva hyperspectral imaging system to extract the individual hyperspectral profiles produced by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. All organisms were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, pelleted at 10,000× rpm and washed in 1× PBS buffer prior to imaging. 0.8 μL of each sample was transferred to a poly‐l‐lysine coated slide for immobilization and topped with a glass cover slip to extract the profiles of each organism. Our protocol was enhanced to extract spectral profiles of intact live microorganisms.Data is collected by the pushbroom approach through which an image is made that has both hyperspectral and spatial data by moving the sample pixel line by pixel line to produce distinct profiles for each specimen. The use of a patented enhanced darkfield condenser in conjunction with high resolution optical and hyperspectral imaging creates sharp spectral profiles based upon the unique surface chemistries of each organism. The hyperspectral profiles of the cells were composed from each image through the ENVI software.The unique spectral graphs produced by each organism appear to align with increased growth, especially at the 24 hour time point. However, these organisms do exhibit different hyperspectral patterns at each time point and they are not the same for any organism. Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to be used as a rapid diagnostic tool that does not damage the sample while reporting data that can be shared and analyzed by multiple people at the same time.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by a grant from the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology at Auburn University.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides induce cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells through inducing autophagosome accumulation and inhibiting autophagic flux
Authors: Pan Haitao , wang Yujie , Wang Ying , Li Mingyan , Li Zhenhao , Xu Jing , Wang Xingya 
Published: June 2021

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in cancer prevention for many years. As one of the main components of G. lucidum, G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) showed significant anti‐cancer activity. Previous studies in our laboratory show that GLPs extracted from sporoderm‐broken spores of G. lucidum, significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vivo and in vitro. However, whether GLPs regulate autophagy in CRC cells is unknown. In the present study, we found that GLPs enhance the level of LC3B and activating autophagy initiation both in HCT116 and HT29 CRC cells as determined by Western blot, transmission electron microscope, and confocal microscope. However, autophagy initiation induced by GLPs was accompanied by impaired degradation of SQSTM1/p62, which suggesting autophagic flux inhibition in CRC cells by GLPs. mRFP‐GFP‐LC3B adenovirus translocation and colocalization analyses confirmed that autophagosome‐lysosome fusion is blocked by GLPs treatment. Furthermore, GLPs inhibited autophagic degradation by inhibiting lysosomal acidification and downregulating the expression of cathepsin B and cathepsin D. Next, we found GLPs induced expression of MAPK/Erk in both CRC cells. Erk inhibitor PD98059 inhibited GLPs‐induced apoptosis and LC3B expression in CRC cells suggesting that Erk activation is partially, at least, responsible for GLPs‐induced autophagy initiation. Importantly, further analysis using flow cytometry revealed that GLPs induced autophagosome accumulation is required for GLP‐induced cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained using a xenograft mouse model, in which GLPs reduced tumor growth and increased the levels of LC3B and p62 in tumors. Moreover, the levels of cathepsin B and cathepsin D were decreased in tumors from GLP treated mice in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GLPs inhibit CRC cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through regulation of autophagosome accumulation and autophagic flux inhibition, which may be dependent, at least in part, on MAPK/Erk activation.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2019C02100) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81473397).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Re‐evaluation of Artemether‐Lumefantrine Combination Effectiveness in Malaria Treatment in Elele
Authors: Chukwu Leo Clinton , Agbasi Patrick Ugochukwu , Unekwe Prince Chiazor 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNigeria adopted Artenisinin based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria treatment owing to ACT's efficacy in combating malaria. The need arises to protect ACT efficacy by scaling up: continued assessment, monitoring and evaluation in malaria endemic areas.PurposeRe‐evaluation of effectiveness of artemether‐lumefantrine (ALC) combination for malaria treatment in Elele.MethodThis is a cross sectional study carried out at Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) Elele involving qualitative and quantitative data. 100 patients were recruited after consent using the inclusion criteria: temperature of ≥ 37.5 °C, malaria symptoms positive parasitaemiaetc. Ethical certificate was obtained from MUTH ethical committee. Patient's symptoms at Day 0 was assessed while their disappearance was determined on days 2;4;6;8;10;14. The data gotten was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version and Microsoft excel packages. The student t‐test was used to calculate the P‐value, <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsPatients majority identified mosquito bites as the means of malaria transmission, (70%). ACT types known and used by patients: artesunate/amodiaquine: 41%); artesunate/lumefantrine: (40%) etc. Fever was the predominant symptoms 92% followed by weakness (90%) etc. Day 10 of therapy, fever, vomiting and abdominal pains disappeared in all patients. By day 14, no patient reported any symptom giving an: “Effective clinical response (ECR) by day 14”.ConclusionMalaria is an most important infectious disease. Artemether‐lumefantrine combination therapies has been proven to be efficacious in malaria treatment. Our hereby reaffirm the effectiveness of ALC for uncomplicated malaria treatment in Elele. The knowledge gap of continuous monitoring and evaluation of this regimen in rural endemic areas like Elele has been satisfactorily done in this study. This will help to protect the component drugs from treatment failures and the menace of resistant strains.Support or Funding InformationNo fundingThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Using Bioprinting to Tissue Engineer Microvascularized Constructs for Skeletal Muscle Repair
Authors: Bour Rachel , Presnell Sharon , Shepherd Benjamin , Christ George , Peirce Shayn 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionOne challenge in tissue engineering (TE) is designing a construct which ensures adequate oxygen diffusion and removal of waste throughout the implanted tissue. In native tissue, the maximum distance between any cell and capillary is limited to the diffusion distance of oxygen, or 100–200 μm1. Mimicking this dense microvasculature in TE constructs is critical to cell viability and function, particularly in thick implants, such as those for skeletal muscle repair2. There have been many recent advancements in using TE to develop skeletal muscle constructs for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML) in injuries incurred by soldiers and civilians. We have developed a tissue engineered muscle repair (TEMR) technology which consists of myoblasts seeded onto a porcine bladder acellular matrix (BAM). While TEMR has previously been reported to result in 60–70% functional recovery in rodent models within 2 months after implantation3,4, we hypothesize that incorporating endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes in the TEMR will accelerate the rate and magnitude of functional recovery by facilitating anastomosis with the recipient microcirculation and increasing perfusion into the construct.ObjectiveUse bioprinting to position endothelial cells and pericytes with myoblasts on the BAM to “pre‐vascularize” the TEMR construct.ResultsDecellularized microvasculature basement membrane remains intact in some areas of the BAM (Figure 1A). Using the Organovo NovoGen Bioprinter®, we have developed a novel bioprinting method to pattern ECs and myoblasts on the acellular bladder matrix (BAM). ECs seeded onto the BAM begin to form network‐like structures after just 24 hours (Figure 1B). EC viability was shown to be high (>90%) for two bioprinting needle diameters (250 μm vs 500 μm). (Figure 1C).ConclusionsThe presence of ECM from microvasculature on the BAM suggests that the BAM is a promising scaffold for pre‐vascularization. This is further supported by the formation of endothelial network‐like formations on the BAM after just 24 hrs. It is also encouraging that the 250 μm bioprinting needle does not reduce cell viability, as a smaller diameter allows for more precise patterning of cells. Together, these preliminary results suggest that it is feasible to “pre‐vascularize” the TEMR construct by bioprinting.Future WorkWe will further investigate EC viability and network formation in co‐culture with myoblasts. We also plan to incorporate bioprinted pericytes to further encourage and support the formation of pre‐vascularized microvascular networks in TEMR.Support or Funding InformationNIH T32 GM008715, Organovo, Inc., and the UVA Center for Advanced BiomanufacturingThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy on Human Microvascular Function
Authors: Norwood Toro Laura E , Hader Shelby N , Kong Amanda , Rui Hallgeir , Beyer Andreas M 
Published: June 2021

RationalOne of the most devastating side effects of cancer treatment is chemotherapy (CT)‐induced heart failure, which results in significant morbidity for patients. Cardiovascular (CV)‐related side effects of CT are known to involve excess reactive oxygen species. However, the underlying mechanisms are disputed. To date little to no evidence exists that describe the direct effect of CT on the microcirculation, and none of these studies were performed in humans. Microvascular (MV) dysfunction is a known early indicator of numerous CV disease phenotypes. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether CT treatment affects human MV function.MethodsTo study the effect of CT on the MV system, flow mediated dilation (FMD) was evaluated in freshly isolated human microvessels from healthy patients that were ex vivo treated with various CT drugs (trastuzumab ‐ TZ, doxorubicin ‐ Dox, lapatinib ‐ Lb, or imatinib ‐ Ib). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage was assessed using semi‐quantitative PCR comparing amplification of a small fragment to a large fragment in the mitochondrial genome.ResultsEx vivo treatment of microvessels with any of the four CT drugs reduced nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated dilation compared to untreated controls. TZ decreased FMD, and Dox treatment eliminated endothelial dilator capacity. TZ, Lb, and Ib treatments maintained MV dilation via a compensatory increase in mitochondrial H2O2‐mediated dilation. Smooth muscle dependent dilation to papaverine was not affected by any of the treatments. Analysis of mtDNA damage from HUVEC cells treated with Dox showed an increase in mtDNA damage, and mitochondria‐targeted Endo III treatment prevented Dox‐mediated loss of dilation. These studies suggest a role for mtDNA damage in the Dox phenotype.ConclusionsOur studies demonstrate for the first time the effect of CT drugs on human MV function and may lead to methods of preventing additional adverse CV side effects from CT.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH R01 HL133029, We Care Foundation Grant; MCW‐Cardiovascular Center Pre‐PPG grant, Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin – Redox Biology Grant.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.