bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of augmented reality‐supported instruction in tertiary‐level medical education
Authors: Christopoulos Athanasios , Pellas Nikolaos , Kurczaba Justyna , Macredie Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA significant body of the literature has documented the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) in education, but little is known about the effects of AR‐supported instruction in tertiary‐level Medical Education (ME). This quasi‐experimental study compares a traditional instructional approach with supplementary online lecture materials using digital handout notes with a control group (n = 30) and an educational AR application with an experimental group (n = 30) to investigate any possible added‐value and gauge the impact of each approach on students' academic performance and training satisfaction. This study's findings indicate considerable differences in both academic performance and training satisfaction between the two groups. The participants in the experimental group performed significantly better than their counterparts, an outcome which is also reflected in their level of training satisfaction through interacting and viewing 3D multimedia content. This study contributes by providing guidelines on how an AR‐supported intervention can be integrated into ME and provides empirical evidence on the benefits that such an approach can have on students' academic performance and knowledge acquisition.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Several studies have applied various Augmented Reality (AR) applications across different learning disciplines.
The effects of AR on students' perceptions and achievements in higher education contexts is well‐documented.
Despite the increasing use of AR‐instruction in Medical Education (ME), there has been no explicit focus on AR's effects on students' academic performance and satisfaction.
What this paper adds

This quasi‐experimental study compares the academic performance and training satisfaction of students in an experimental group (AR) and a control group (handout notes).
This study provides instructional insights into, and recommendations that may help students achieve better academic performance in AR‐supported ME courses.
The experimental group reported greater training satisfaction than their counterparts.
Implications for practice and policy

Students who followed the AR‐supported instruction achieved better academic performance that those in the control group.
AR‐supported interventions encourage active learning and lead to significant performance improvement.
The experimental group outperformed the control group in academic performance and training satisfaction measurements, despite the lower experimental group's lower pre‐test performance scores.
Synthetic molecules targeting yes associated protein activity as chemotherapeutics against cancer
Authors: Iftikhar Ramsha , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Irfan Muhammad , Rasul Azhar , Rao Faiza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Hippo signaling pathway extorts several signals that concomitantly target the activity of transcriptional cofactor yes associated protein (YAP). YAP is a key regulator that elicits signature gene expression by coupling with transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family of transcriptional factors. The YAP‐TEAD complex via target gene expression gets associated with the development, proliferation, and progression of cancerous cells. Moreover, YAP adorns cells with several oncogenic traits such as inhibition of apoptosis, enhanced proliferation, drug resistance, and immune response suppression, which later became associated with various diseases, particularly cancer. Therefore, inhibition of the YAP activity is an appealing and viable therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review highlights the recent advances in existing and novel synthetic therapeutics targeting YAP inhibition and regulation. The synthetically produced YAPD93A belonging to cyclic peptides and DC‐TEADin02 and vinyl sulfonamide class of compounds are the most potent compounds to inhibit the YAP‐TEAD expression by targeting protein‐protein interaction (IC50 = 25 nM) and palmitate binding central pocket of TEAD (IC50 = 197 nM), respectively. On the other hand, Chlorpromazine belonging to phenothiazines class has the least potential to suppress YAP via proteasomal degradation (cell viability value of <20% at 40 µM).
Diagnosis experiences of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Peña Alexia S. , Teede Helena , Hewawasam Erandi , Hull Mary Louise , Gibson‐Helm Melanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) report delayed diagnosis of the condition and receiving inadequate information at diagnosis. No studies have investigated the diagnosis experiences of adolescents with PCOS. Our objective was to investigate the adolescents' experiences of PCOS diagnosis and their concerns about the condition.DesignCross‐sectional study.Patient(s)Eighty‐six adolescents (aged 13–19 years) were diagnosed with PCOS by a medical practitioner. Adolescents were recruited consecutively from paediatric and women's outpatient hospital clinics in South Australia and online PCOS support organisations in Australia and the United Kingdom (May 2017–June 2019).MeasurementsPCOS diagnosis experience and information received at the time of diagnosis were evaluated using a validated questionnaire.ResultsThe majority of the adolescents (n = 67, 78%) were diagnosed with PCOS in less than 1 year from their first doctor's visit but 11 (13%) were diagnosed more than 2 years from that visit. Fifty‐three adolescents (66%) saw 1–2 health professionals before the diagnosis was made. Forty‐nine adolescents (57%) were satisfied with the overall diagnosis experience but adolescents were either dissatisfied or reported that the information was not mentioned after diagnosis in relation to lifestyle management (n = 47, 55%), long‐term complications (n = 53, 62%) and emotional support and counselling (n = 65, 76%).ConclusionsThe majority of adolescent girls with PCOS are receiving a timely diagnosis, but delayed diagnosis still occurs in a minority of adolescents. Current information provided at diagnosis is not meeting the needs of adolescents and is a lost opportunity for preventive healthcare at a critical transition to adult care period.
Pharmacogenomics of celiprolol – evidence for a role of P‐glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 in celiprolol pharmacokinetics
Authors: Hirvensalo Päivi , Tornio Aleksi , Tapaninen Tuija , Paile‐Hyvärinen Maria , Neuvonen Mikko , Backman Janne T. , Niemi Mikko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to search for associations of genetic variants with celiprolol pharmacokinetics in a large set of pharmacokinetic genes, and, more specifically, in a set of previously identified candidate genes ABCB1, SLCO1A2, and SLCO2B1. To this end, we determined celiprolol single‐dose (200 mg) pharmacokinetics and sequenced 379 pharmacokinetic genes in 195 healthy volunteers. Analysis with 46,064 common sequence variants in the 379 genes did not identify any novel genes associated with celiprolol exposure. The candidate gene analysis showed that the ABCB1 c.3435T>C and c.2677T/G>A, and the SLCO1A2 c.516A>C variants were associated with reduced celiprolol area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0–∞). An alternative analysis with ABCB1 haplotypes showed that, in addition to SLCO1A2 c.516A>C, three ABCB1 haplotypes were associated with reduced celiprolol AUC0–∞. A genotype scoring system was developed based on these variants and applied to stratify the participants to low and high celiprolol exposure genotype groups. The mean AUC0–∞ of celiprolol in the low exposure genotype group was 55% of the mean AUC0–∞ in the high exposure group (p = 1.08 × 10−11). In addition, the results showed gene‐gene interactions in the effects of SLCO1A2 and ABCB1 variants on celiprolol AUC0–∞ (p < 5 × 10−6) suggesting an interplay between organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 and P‐glycoprotein in celiprolol absorption. Taken together, these data indicate that P‐glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 play a role in celiprolol pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, patients with ABCB1 and SLCO1A2 genotypes associated with low celiprolol exposure may have an increased risk of poor blood‐pressure lowering response to celiprolol.
Goal programming and multiple criteria data envelopment analysis combined with optimization and Monte Carlo simulation: An application in railway components
Authors: da Silva Aneirson Francisco , Silva Marins Fernando Augusto , Dias Erica Ximenes , de Carvalho Miranda Rafael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work has been developed in a large steel industry in Brazil, which produces railway and industrial components, and whose aim was to reduce casting defects. Usually, in industrial processes, identifying the causes of defects and their control are relatively complex activities, due to the many variables involved. In this context, the production processes of seven products, involving 38 process variables (inputs and outputs), have been evaluated adopting a new and innovative procedure. Initially, using a Weighted Goal Programming ‐ Multiple Criteria Data Envelopment Analysis (WGP‐MCDEA) model, we identified the most relevant input and output variables, and the studied company validated the results. Next, using the multiple regression technique, empirical functions were constructed for two response variables chosen by the company – number of external cracks and number of internal cracks. Then, to model the real processes adequately, we introduced the occurrence of uncertainty on the coefficients of these functions, considering them as random variables, according to triangular probability functions. Finally, applying the optimizer Optquest, optimization via Monte Carlo simulation (OvMCS) was performed, and with the Ordinary Least Square technique, we obtained the best fit for the two response variables. Specialists from the company validated the proposed procedure. They found that the values of input and output variables obtained by OvMSC, as well as the values of the response variables, belonged to the database available in the ERP system of the company. These results showed that the procedure proposed herein provided feasible and useful solutions to improve the industrial processes under study.
The impact of Patient and Public Involvement in the SlowMo study: Reflections on peer innovation
Authors: Greenwood Kathryn , Robertson Sam , Vogel Evelin , Vella Claire , Ward Thomas , McGourty Alison , Sacadura Cat , Hardy Amy , Rus‐Calafell Mar , Collett Nicola , Emsley Richard , Freeman Daniel , Fowler David , Kuipers Elizabeth , Bebbington Paul , Dunn Graham , Garety Philippa ,   the SlowMo Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) team
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe SlowMo study demonstrated the effects of SlowMo, an eight‐session digitally supported reasoning intervention, on paranoia in a large‐scale randomized‐controlled trial with 362 participants with schizophrenia‐spectrum psychosis.AimThe current evaluation aimed to investigate the impact of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in the SlowMo study.MethodPPI members were six women and three men from Sussex, Oxford and London with experience of using mental health services for psychosis. They received training and met at least 3‐monthly throughout the project. The impact of PPI was captured quantitatively and qualitatively through (i) a PPI log of recommendations and implementation; (ii) written subjective experiences of PPI members; (iii) meeting minutes; and (iv) outputs produced.ResultsThe PPI log revealed 107 recommendations arising from PPI meetings, of which 87 (81%) were implemented. Implementation was greater for recruitment‐, data collection‐ and organization‐related actions than for dissemination and emergent innovations. Qualitative feedback revealed impacts on study recruitment, data collection, PPI participants' confidence, knowledge, career aspirations and society more widely. Outputs produced included a film about psychosis that aired on BBC primetime television, novel webpages and journal articles. Barriers to PPI impact included geography, travel, funding, co‐ordination and well‐being.DiscussionA future challenge for PPI impact will be the extent to which peer innovation (innovative PPI‐led ideas) can be supported within research study delivery.Patient and Public ContributionPlanned Patient and Public Contribution in SlowMo comprised consultation and collaboration in (i) design, (ii) recruitment, (iii) qualitative interviews and analysis of service users' experiences of SlowMo therapy and (iv) dissemination.
Healthcare needs, experiences and treatment burden in primary care patients with multimorbidity: An evaluation of process of care from patients' perspectives
Authors: Hu Xiu‐Jing , Wang Harry H. X. , Li Yu‐Ting , Wu Xiao‐Ya , Wang Yi , Chen Jia‐Heng , Wang Jia‐Ji , Wong Samuel Y. S. , Mercer Stewart W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with multimorbidity often experience treatment burden as a result of fragmented, specialist‐driven healthcare. The ‘family doctor team' is an emerging service model in China to address the increasing need for high‐quality routine primary care.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the extent to which treatment burden was associated with healthcare needs and patients' experiences.MethodsMultisite surveys were conducted in primary care facilities in Guangdong province, southern China. Interviewer‐administered questionnaires were used to collect data from patients (N = 2160) who had ≥2 clinically diagnosed long‐term conditions (multimorbidity) and had ≥1 clinical encounter in the past 12 months since enrolment registration with the family doctor team. Patients' experiences and treatment burden were measured using a previously validated Chinese version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, respectively.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 61.4 years, and slightly over half were females. Patients who had a family doctor team as the primary source of care reported significantly higher PCAT scores (mean difference 7.2 points, p < .001) and lower treatment burden scores (mean difference −6.4 points, p < .001) when compared to those who often bypassed primary care. Greater healthcare needs were significantly correlated with increased treatment burden (β‐coefficient 1.965, p < .001), whilst better patients' experiences were associated with lower treatment burden (β‐coefficient −0.252, p < .001) after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionThe inverse association between patients' experiences and treatment burden supports the importance of primary care in managing patients with multimorbidity.Patient ContributionPrimary care service users were involved in the instrument development and data collection.
Human three‐dimensional dental pulp organoid model for toxicity screening of dental materials on dental pulp cells and tissue
Authors: Xu Xiaoqi , Li Zheng , Ai Xiaoqing , Tang Yin , Yang Deqin , Dou Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo establish a 3D model for screening the biocompatibility of dental materials/drugs on dental pulp cells and tissue.MethodologyHuman dental pulp cells (hDPC) and endothelial cells (EC) were mixed with or without human dental pulp derived extracellular matrix (hDP‐ECM) according to several protocols and cultured in 3D plates to fabricate 3D organoids. Cell viability and proliferation in organoids were evaluated using Live/Dead cell viability assay and ATPase assay. Organoids were fixed, cut and stained with a H&E staining kit. The expressions of DSPP, DMP‐1, CD31, vWF and COL1A in 3D organoids were evaluated using immunofluorescence. To assess the feasibility of 3D organoids on drug/material toxicity screening, the organoids were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or iRoot BP. Then, cell viability and apoptosis were assessed. The expressions of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β were compared in LPS‐treated and non‐treated organoids. Alizarin Red S staining was used to evaluate calcium deposit formation in organoids. Data were analysed using one‐way anova followed by Tukey's post hoc comparison.ResultsThe 3D spheres/organoids were formed at day 1 or day 2. Cells in 3D organoids maintained a high viability rate and low proliferation activity. The level of CD31 increased significantly (p < .05) when EC were added to coculture with hDPC. The expressions of odontogenesis‐associated proteins (DSPP, COL1A) upregulated (p < .05) with the addition of hDP‐ECM. Level of IL‐6 expression and rates of dead and apoptotic cells in 3D organoids were increased significantly (p < .05) in response to LPS. Calcium deposit formation was observed in iRoot BP‐treated organoids.ConclusionsCoculture of hDPC and EC in the presence of hDP‐ECM formed functional dental pulp organoids. The experimental model provides an alternative tool for toxicity screening of dental pulp capping agents and dental pulp regeneration research.
Conversion of selenite by Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625) to pentagonal selenium nanoforms which in vitro modulates the formation of calcium oxalate crystals
Authors: Alvares Jyothi J. , Furtado Irene J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the ability of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625) to biosynthesize non-toxic elemental selenium (Se0) and check their capacity in in vitro crystal structure modulation of calcium oxalate, which are implicated in the development of renal calculi.

Methods and Results
Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625) during growth in the presence of 5 mmol L−1 of selenite formed insoluble brick-red particles. Se0 formed was monitored spectrophotometrically using a combination of two assays; the ascorbic acid reduction and sodium sulphide solubilization assay. After 168 h of growth, 2.89 mmol L−1 of Se0 was formed from 4.9 mmol L−1 of selenite. Absorption bands at 1.5, 11.2 and 12.5 keV in EDX spectroscopy confirmed that the brick-red particulate matter was Se0. Furthermore, these selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were pentagonal in shape in transmission electron microscopy imaging. The peak positions in X-ray diffractogram at 2θ values of 23.40°, 29.66°, 41.26°, 43.68°, 45.24°, 51.62°, 55.93° and 61.47° and the relative intensities further confirmed the formation of Se0. In vitro addition of 50 and 100 µg ml−1 of these SeNPs to the mixture of sodium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium oxalate affected and modulated the shape and size of rectangular-shaped calcium oxalate crystals (average area of 1.23 ± 0.2 µm2) to smaller rectangular-shaped crystals (average area of 0.54 ± 0.2 µm2) and spherical-shaped crystals (average area 0.13 ± 0.005 µm2).

Conclusion
Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625) transformed selenite to Se0 pentagonal nanoforms that modulated in vitro the formation of crystal shape and size of calcium oxalate.

Significance and Impact of Study
There are no reports on conversion of selenite to Se0 among the Haloferax genera, and this study involving the formation of pentagonal SeNPs with capacity to modulate the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in haloarchaea is recorded as the first report and of significance in pharmaceutical research related to formulations abetting urinary calculi.
Real-time qPCR to evaluate bacterial contamination of cosmetic cream and the efficiency of protective ingredients
Authors: Bermond Charlène , Cherrad Semcheddine , Trainoy Aurélie , Ngari Chrisse , Poulet Valérie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
The absence of objectionable micro-organisms in cosmetics and the efficiency of preservatives are still mainly assessed by time-consuming cultivation-based methods. We explored the applicability of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reported on the behaviour of different bacteria in artificially contaminated creams.

Methods and results
Real-time qPCR on DNA from Burkholderia cepacia, Pluribacter gergoviae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Sphingomonas paucimobilis identified specific primer pairs that amplify accurately and efficiently two strains/isolates of each species. Using DNeasy mericon Food Kit, we detected bacterial growth in an inoculated cosmetic cream and persistency of DNA from heat-inactivated bacteria. We were also able to monitor the growth inhibitory effect of caprylyl glycol and EDTA, also showing how different bacterial species interact depending on the presence/absence of these ingredients. Finally, creams supplemented with the protective cosmetic ingredients revealed the various behaviour of five strains/isolates from P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions
Successfully extracting bacterial DNA from artificially contaminated cosmetic creams, we could perform real-time qPCR to identify and follow the growth of various strains of 4 bacteria species under different conditions.

Significance and impact of the study
Real-time qPCR appears as a promising method to detect bacterial contamination in cosmetic creams and/or to monitor growth inhibition by ingredients.
Beyond All‐or‐Nothing Approaches to Moral Expertise
Authors: Niv Yarden 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAre philosophers moral experts, and if so, what does this imply for their proper role in moral decision‐making? The dominant view on this subject argues that philosophers have superior moral understanding, but they are not better judges of what is morally right. Consequently, philosophers cannot and should not have an authoritative role in moral decision‐making. In this article, I challenge this view and argue that an examination of the intimate connection between two capacities – to understand and to judge – reveals that it is both inconsistent and simplistic. It is inconsistent because, all things being equal, if philosophers better understand moral problems, they are also better judges of them. It is simplistic because it adopts an all‐or‐nothing approach to moral expertise, while expertise is in fact conditional. Inspired by the psychological literature on expertise, I claim that we should not ask whether philosophers are moral experts but rather under which conditions they successfully execute their expertise. The conclusion of the dominant view needs to be reconsidered to reflect the conditional nature of philosophers' expertise. Although more empirical research is required, I offer several hypotheses for future endeavours that demonstrate what a conditional view of philosophers' moral expertise could look like.