bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of two amide‐bonded stationary phases and comparative evaluation under mixed‐mode chromatography
Authors: Hosseini Elham Sadat , Tabar Heydar Kourosh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, the conventional reactions were used to functionalize the silica surface with amide and hydrocarbon chain groups affording two different mixed‐mode stationary phases (Sil‐amide‐C11 and Sil‐C12‐amide). The prepared stationary phases were analyzed by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The retention of benzene, phenol, pyridine, and aniline was investigated and compared with synthesized and commercial columns, and this led to prove the existence of different interactions on the synthesized stationary phases. The mixed‐mode stationary phases showed multiple interactions, and different chromatography modes were found under distinct chromatographic conditions. According to the type of amide group (either free or within the hydrocarbon chain), different interactions can be made on the columns. The alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as nonpolar hydrocarbons, were chromatographed under reversed‐phase liquid chromatography modes, in which amide groups on the silica could efficiently separate polar analytes under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode in both prepared stationary phases. The performance of the columns was compared by the separation of the carboxylic acid group and biological samples. The bonding method and the type of amide group showed different interactions leading to different separation and performance.
Soaking plasma processed chickpea (Cicer arientinum) cultivars
Authors: Pathan Fayaj L. , Deshmukh Rajendra R. , Annapure Uday S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCold plasma processing has been marched toward becoming one of the proven techno alternatives to thermal food preservation. It was found effective to cause positive alterations in the surface properties of food by etching. The effect of low‐pressure cold plasma on the percent moisture absorption of six chickpea cultivars, namely, Kripa, Virat, Vishal, Vijay, Digvijay, and Rajas, was studied. For plasma treatment, low‐pressure glow discharge plasma with bell‐jar symmetry was employed. The samples were treated with plasma at 40, 50, and 60 W each for 10, 15, and 20 min. These were soaked in distilled water and 1% sodium bicarbonate solution at room temperature for 8 h. The percent moisture absorption changed significantly (p < 0.05) with an increase in plasma power and treatment time. Kripa had the highest percent moisture absorption (102.07 ± 0.28) and (103.31 ± 0.68) at 60 W 20‐min treatment while Rajas had the lowest percent moisture absorption (78.57 ± 0.81) and (79.44 ± 0.26) at 40 W and 10‐min treatment in distilled water and 1% sodium bicarbonate solution soaking, respectively. The samples treated for 20 min with power 60 W showed higher moisture absorption for all the chickpea cultivars. The percent moisture absorption in control samples soaked in 1% sodium bicarbonate solution was higher than in distilled water. The same pattern did not repeat in the plasma‐treated samples. The findings in this research will be useful for designing the soaking process for different cultivars of plasma‐treated legumes.
Incorporating Batch Mark–Recapture Data into an Integrated Population Model of Brown Trout
Authors: Doll Jason C. , Wood Chris J. , Goodfred David W. , Rash Jacob M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Brown Trout Salmo trutta are a popular sport fish, and numerous populations that are unable to successfully reproduce are maintained with supplemental stockings in waters with habitat that can support individual survival (e.g., appropriate thermal refuge). Long-term management of these populations requires understanding of their population dynamics to determine harvest restrictions and stocking rates. The objective of this research was to describe population dynamics of a tailrace Brown Trout fishery using an integrated population model (IPM) that incorporates monitoring data and low-cost batch mark–recapture data. Further, we evaluated the relationship between water temperature and survival. We hypothesized that annual survival would be lower at high water temperature. Additionally, we used the IPM to project the Brown Trout population based on two different management scenarios (no minimum length limit with seven-fish bag limit and 356-mm-TL minimum length limit with two-fish bag limit). Management outcomes explored include total population size, age frequencies, and length indices. The results of this study suggested that recreational harvest and water temperature were the two main factors influencing the Brown Trout population. Water temperature was found to be a major factor in determining survival of Brown Trout. Simulations under various minimum length limits indicated the minimum length limit of 356 mm TL and a two-fish bag limit will substantially increase the population size but with a reduction in length indices. Integrated population models have been applied historically to large systems with significant amounts of data. Estimates of survival and detection are important components of an IPM; to our knowledge, the IPM used here is the first to integrate batch mark–recapture data to estimate these key parameters. The data and modeling approach used here demonstrate the value of using novel statistical methods to make the most efficient use of low-cost survey data.
N‐alkoxyamine‐containing macromolecular intumescent flame‐retardant‐decorated ZrP nanosheet and their synergism in flame‐retarding polypropylene
Authors: Chen Yishen , Li Jiaxin , Lai Xuejun , Li Hongqiang , Zeng Xingrong 
Published: May 2021

High‐efficiency macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (MIFR) is urgently demanded but of great challenge. In this work, a novel N‐alkoxyamine‐containing MIFR‐decorated zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanosheet (denoted as RQMIFR‐ZrP) was synthesized and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to endowed polypropylene (PP) with excellent flame retardancy. With the addition of 6.3 wt% RQMIFR‐ZrP and 18.7 wt% APP, PP classed a UL‐94 V‐0 rating with a high LOI value of 39.5%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate, the total heat release, the peak of CO production, and the peak of CO2 production of PP/RQMIFR‐ZrP/APP decreased by 94.0%, 83.2%, 91.3%, and 91.7%, respectively. It revealed that RQMIFR‐ZrP not only generated nitroxyl radicals (NO•) to suppress the chain degradation of PP but also promoted to form high‐quality intumescent char layers with the catalytic carbonization and layered barrier effect of ZrP nanosheet, which effectively prevented PP from burning. This work provides a new approach to preparing high‐performance flame‐retardant polymer.
Polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer/cellulose nanocrystal ternary blend nanocomposites: Effects of different parameters on mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Faraj Nejad Shaghayegh , Jafari Maryam , Paydayesh Azin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of dynamic vulcanization, mixing sequence, and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) content on mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of the polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer (PP/EPDM/CNC) ternary blend‐nanocomposites was investigated. Significant reduction in tensile and yield strengths occurred for the un‐vulcanized PP/EPDM blend compared to PP. Vulcanization and adding CNC have compensated for the decrease in tensile and yield strengths of the un‐vulcanized blend. The tensile and yield strengths of the vulcanized samples had almost a slight uptrend by adding CNC. Elongation at break for both nanocomposites types had slight changes compared to that of PP/EPDM‐thermoplastic vulcanizates and all of them were approximately in the range of 600%–700%. Adding CNC before or after vulcanization had the same effect on the trend of Young's modulus and the higher the amount of CNC, the greater the increase in Young's modulus. Incorporating and increasing the amount of CNC improved the impact strength of all samples, especially when added after vulcanization. Rheological measurements showed that vulcanization of PP/EPDM resulted in frequency independence of storage modulus and a more sharp increment in Complex viscosity. Also, the more CNC content, the more dramatic changes occurred in complex viscosity, especially in DV‐CNC nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed that all samples had higher crystallinity which was more significant for Dynamic vulcanization (DV)‐CNC nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscope images also indicated that the addition of CNC increased fracture surface roughness for all samples ignoring their preparation sequence.
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2020: Physiology
Authors: Delecaris Angela O. , Averill Samantha H. , Krasinkiewicz Jonathan , Saunders Jessica L. , Ren Clement L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPulmonary physiology is a core element of pediatric pulmonology care and research. This article reviews some of the notable publications in physiology that were published in Pediatric Pulmonology in 2020.
Successful development and implementation of a practical proactive resistance management plan for Bt cotton in Australia
Authors: Knight Kristen M , Head Graham P , Rogers D John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article describes the design and > 20 years of effective implementation of a proactive resistance‐management plan for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton that targets Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) in Australia, considering pest biology and ecology, insights from resistance‐evolution modelling, and the importance of the human component to effective implementation. This is placed in the context of processes associated with adaptive resource management. Bt cotton has provided Australian cotton growers with technology to manage Helicoverpa species that previously challenged the industry's viability, while at the same time resulting in no detectable changes in the resistance allele frequency in field populations of either Helicoverpa species in eastern Australia. This is the most long‐lived and successful global example of a proactive resistance management plan for an insect pest. Six key learnings important to the successful development and implementation of a proactive transgenic‐crop resistance management plan are: the programme has to have a strong science base; there has to be broad stakeholder support at all levels; there has to be a strong implementation programme; the plan needs to be supported by auditing and enforced remediation of deviations from the mandated resistance management plan; A programme of rigorous and on‐going resistance allele monitoring; an attitude of continuous improvement for all aspects of the resistance management plan. The lessons learnt from the deployment of Bt cotton in Australia are relevant globally and provide important guidelines for the deployment of transgenic crops for insect control wherever they are grown. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
TheHydroEcoSedimentarytool: An integrated approach to characterise interstitial hydro‐sedimentary and associated ecological processes
Authors: Casas‐Mulet Roser , Pander Joachim , Prietzel Maximilian , Geist Juergen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreased deposition of fine sediments in rivers and streams affects a range of key ecosystem processes across the sediment–water interface, and it is a critical aspect of river habitat degradation and restoration. Understanding the mechanisms leading to fine sediment accumulation along and across streambeds and their effect on ecological processes is essential for comprehending human impacts on river ecosystems and informing river restoration. Here, we introduce the HydroEcoSedimentary tool (HEST) as an integrated approach to assess hydro‐sedimentary and ecologically relevant processes together. The HEST integrates the estimation of sedimentary processes in the interstitial zone, as well as hydraulic, geochemical and ecological assessments, with a focus on brown trout early life stages. Compared to other methods, the HEST expands the possibilities to monitor and quantify fine sediment deposition in streambeds by differentiating between vertical, lateral and longitudinal infiltration pathways, and distinguishing between the depth (upper vs. lower layers) at which interstitial processes occur within the sediment column. By testing the method in two rivers with different degrees of morphological degradation, we detail the possible measurements and uses of the HEST, demonstrate its feasibility and discuss its reliability.
Sustainable urban development: Can the balanced scorecard contribute to the strategic management of sustainable cities?
Authors: da Silva Neiva Samara , Prasath Ramaswamy Arun , de Amorim Wellyngton Silva , de Andrade Lima Mauricio , Barbosa Samuel Borges , Ribeiro João Marcelo Pereira , Ceci Flávio , Schneider Jonas , Deggau André Borchardt , de Andrade Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article aims to present, adapt, and propose the use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a tool to support strategic management for sustainable cities. To achieve this goal, publications and 27 sustainable cities projects were also consulted, through project reports and programs from the cities themselves on the topic were consulted. A text mining analysis was applied to the results obtained in this literature review to find the main factors related to sustainable cities. To evaluate the findings of this first stage, consultations with specialists were carried out, specifically to assess the main factors. Based on the previous steps, and based on the original BSC, an adaptation of the tool was proposed, where its structure was changed to meet the needs of the strategic management of sustainable cities. It was concluded that creating a sustainable city requires understanding the difficulties faced by urban center managers with the implementation and management of institutional sustainable development practices. The BSC for sustainable cities can assist as a viable management strategic tool to more efficient use of resources in order to develop sustainable cities.
Beyond the “Core”: Preparing Art Educators to Meet the Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students
Authors: Tigert Johanna M. , Leider Christine Montecillo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClassrooms in English‐dominant countries are increasingly multilingual spaces, and research has called for teacher preparation to focus more specifically on the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) learners. Indeed, efforts have been made to better train pre‐ and in‐service teachers of math, social science, English language arts, and sciences to work with CLD learners. However, we argue that concentrating efforts only in the core content areas is too limited an approach. Specifically, we take the stance that this narrow focus ignores issues of CLD students’ access to arts education (e.g., art, music, dance, theatre, etc.) and also diminishes the value and depth of both the content and language of the arts. In this article, we discuss the need for all teachers to be prepared to support CLD students, describe culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy as a framework for developing art teacher competence, and offer suggestions for policy and practice in pre‐ and in‐service art teacher education.
The Weyl double copy from twistor space
Authors: Chacón Erick , Nagy Silvia , White Chris D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Weyl double copy is a procedure for relating exact solutions in biadjoint scalar, gauge and gravity theories, and relates fields in spacetime directly. Where this procedure comes from, and how general it is, have until recently remained mysterious. In this paper, we show how the current form and scope of the Weyl double copy can be derived from a certain procedure in twistor space. The new formalism shows that the Weyl double copy is more general than previously thought, applying in particular to gravity solutions with arbitrary Petrov types. We comment on how to obtain anti-self-dual as well as self-dual fields, and clarify some conceptual issues in the twistor approach.
From the culture broth to the erythritol crystals: an opportunity for circular economy
Authors: Daza-Serna Laura , Serna-Loaiza Sebastián , Masi Audrey , Mach Robert Ludwig , Mach-Aigner Astrid Rosa , Friedl Anton 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The reduction of sugar intake by adults has been stated by the World Health Organization as an important strategy to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol that is considered as a highly suitable substitution for sucrose. This review article covers approaches for the separate stages of the biotechnological production of erythritol from cultivation to the downstream section. The first part focuses on the cultivation stage and compares the yields of erythritol and arising by-products achieved with different types of substrates (commercial versus alternative ones). The reported numbers obtained with the most prominently used microorganisms in different cultivation methods (batch, fed-batch or continuous) are presented. The second part focuses on the downstream section and covers the applied technologies for cell removal, recovery, purification and concentration of erythritol crystals, namely centrifugation, membrane separation, ion and preparative chromatography, crystallization and drying. The final composition of the culture broth and the preparative chromatography separation performance were identified as critical points in the production of a high-purity erythritol fraction with a minimum amount of losses. During the review, the challenges for a biotechnological production of erythritol in a circular economy context are discussed, in particular regarding the usage of sustainable resources and minimizing waste streams.

Key points
• Substitution of sucrose by erythritol can be a step towards a healthier society
• Biotechnological production of erythritol should follow a circular economy concept
• Culture broth composition and preparative chromatography are keys for downstreaming
• Substrate, mother liquor and nutrients are challenges for circular economy
Exploring the capabilities of active grids
Authors: Neuhaus Lars , Berger Frederik , Peinke Joachim , Hölling Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Active grids are commonly used in wind tunnels to generate turbulence with different characteristic features. In contrast to the common objective to generate turbulence with a very high Reynolds number, this work focuses on a method of blockage induced flow design for the generation of special flow structures. Particularly, we aim to investigate the underlying constraints of this excitation method. For this purpose, the scale dependency of the excitation is studied by clearly defined structures such as periodic sinusoidal velocity variations, velocity steps, and single gusts. It is shown that the generation process is limited by the reduced frequency of the active grid motion. For low values of reduced frequencies the imprinted flow structures remain undamped, whereas for higher reduced frequencies they are damped. This insight leads to the constraint that the active grid motion needs to be modified to compensate for the underlying dynamic damping effects. Thus, the inserted energy has to be increased for the corresponding reduced frequencies. This finding can be transferred to the generation of turbulent flows, for which an exemplary adaption is shown .

Graphic abstract
Impact of atrial fibrillation pattern on outcomes after left atrial appendage closure: lessons from the prospective LAARGE registry
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Brachmann Johannes , Lewalter Thorsten , Akin Ibrahim , Sievert Horst , Zeymer Uwe , Ledwoch Jakob , Ince Hüseyin , Thomas Dierk , Hochadel Matthias , Senges Jochen , Kirchhof Paulus , Rillig Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-paroxysmal (NPAF) forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported to be associated with an increased risk for systemic embolism or death.

Methods
Comparison of procedural details and long-term outcomes in patients (pts) with paroxysmal AF (PAF) against controls with NPAF in the prospective, multicentre observational registry of patients undergoing LAAC (LAARGE).

Results
A total of 638 pts (PAF 274 pts, NPAF 364 pts) were enrolled. In both groups, a history of PVI was rare (4.0% vs 1.6%, p = 0.066). The total CHA2DS2-VASc score was lower in the PAF group (4.4 ± 1.5 vs 4.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.033), while HAS-BLED score (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 3.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.40) was comparable. The rate of successful implantation was equally high (97.4% vs 97.8%, p = 0.77). In the three-month echo follow-up, LA thrombi (2.1% vs 7.3%, p = 0.12) and peridevice leak > 5 mm (0.0% vs 7.1%, p = 0.53) were numerically higher in the NPAF group. Overall, in-hospital complications occurred in 15.0% of the PAF cohort and 10.7% of the NPAF cohort (p = 0.12). In the one-year follow-up, unadjusted mortality (8.4% vs 14.0%, p = 0.039) and combined outcome of death, stroke and systemic embolism (8.8% vs 15.1%, p = 0.022) were significantly higher in the NPAF cohort. After adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc and previous bleeding, NPAF was associated with increased death/stroke/systemic embolism (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72, p = 0.041).

Conclusion
Atrial fibrillation type did not impair periprocedural safety or in-hospital MACE patients undergoing LAAC. However, after one year, NPAF was associated with higher mortality.

Graphic abstract