bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public and patient involvement (PPI) in health policy decisionmaking on the health system-level: protocol for a systematic scoping review
Authors: Baumann Lisa Ann , Brütt Anna Levke 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionPublic and patient involvement (PPI) in healthcare decisions at the health system-level (macro-level) has become increasingly important during recent years. Existing evidence indicates that PPI increase patient centredness and the democracy of healthcare decisions as well as patients’ trust and acceptance of these decisions. However, different methods for PPI exist, and an overview of the outcomes and influential contextual factors has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this scoping review aims to provide an overview of the different methods used for PPI in health system decisionmaking and the reported outcomes and contextual factors for these methods.Methods and analysisThe structure of this protocol is guided by the advanced scoping studies framework of Arksey and O’ Malley, developed by Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien, and the PRISMA-ScR Statement. We will systematically search electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, PDQ-Evidence, Web of Science and PsycINFO) for peer-reviewed literature and screen the reference lists of included studies. Additionally, we will search for relevant grey literature and consult experts from the field to identify further information. Studies focusing on PPI in the context of health policy decision-making at the macro-level will be eligible for full-text screening. Studies focusing on decisions at the individual treatment-level (micro-level) and the organisational-level (mesolevel) as well as those dealing with PPI in health research will be excluded. A qualitative analysis will dissect how the included studies define PPI and its desirable outcomes, the achieved outcomes and reported contextual factors.Ethics and disseminationWe will present the results at relevant conferences and in an open-access journal. Additionally, we will share them with the experts involved in the research process and consider ways in which to transfer the findings into practice. As only secondary and previously published information will be used, ethical approval is not necessary.
Priority stratification for colonoscopy based on two-sample faecal immunochemical test screening: results from a cross-sectional study at an endoscopy clinic in Japan
Authors: Toyoshima Osamu , Yamaji Yutaka , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Yoshida Shuntaro , Yamada Tomoharu , Kurokawa Ken , Obata Miho , Kondo Ryo , Toba Masahito , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesLittle has been reported on the yield and characteristics of colorectal neoplasia detected by the two-sample faecal immunochemical test (FIT), particularly the difference between subjects with two-positive results on the two-sample FIT and those with one-positive results. We aimed to assess risk stratification among patients with positive two-sample FIT to prioritise colonoscopy.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingA single-centre, representative endoscopy clinic in Japan.ParticipantsConsecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy were enrolled. Indications for colonoscopy included two-positive results on the two-sample FIT (FIT (+/+)), one-positive results on the two-sample FIT (FIT (+/−)), and other reasons (non-FIT group, including presence of symptoms, screening or surveillance).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were detection rates of colorectal cancers, including in situ (all cancers) and invasive cancers, based on the indications for colonoscopy. Secondary outcomes were cancer features, such as location, size, T stage and histological subtype.ResultsOf the 8724 patients, 264 underwent colonoscopy following FIT (+/+), 1018 following FIT (+/−) and 7442 for reasons other than positive FIT. Detection rates of all (and invasive) cancers in the FIT (+/+), FIT (+/−) and non-FIT groups were 12.1% (8.3%), 1.9% (0.3%) and 0.4% (0.2%), respectively. The cancer detection rates were much higher in the FIT (+/+) group than in the FIT (+/−) group, which in turn had higher rates than the non-FIT group. Moreover, the FIT (+/+) group showed more advanced T stages on tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) classification (Tis/T1/T2/T3/T4: 10/7/4/10/1) than the FIT (+/−) group (16/1/2/0/0, p<0.001).ConclusionsTwo-positive results for two-sample FIT showed a much higher yield for more advanced colorectal cancers than the one-positive result. High priority for diagnostic colonoscopy should be assigned to patients with two-positive-FIT results.
Translating caring competencies to remote working environments: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nowell Lorelli , Lorenzetti Diane , Jacobsen Michele , Lorenzetti Liza , Paolucci Elizabeth Oddone 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionCaring professions attend to the health, educational and social needs of society rather than its material needs. Caring professionals are a vital part of the world’s response to COVID-19, yet the global pandemic and its aftermath have significantly changed the ways in which care is provided. The rapid pivot to remote care, where the essential caring cues and opportunities are not as readily available, has put unprecedented pressure on caring professions. There is currently a lack of clear understanding and accepted standards for teaching caring profession students how to provide care remotely. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and assess the ways in which educators can integrate online learning opportunities to help students develop effective caring practices and translate these into today’s remote and virtual care environments.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will consider diverse quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies of innovative online education initiatives and required technology for caring profession education. Articles will be retrieved from academic databases and limited to articles reporting primary data and published in English within the last 10 years. Data extraction procedures will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. The methodological quality of all studies will be assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool and/or the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Study characteristics will be tabulated and narratively synthesised to integrate and explore relationships within the data.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required to conduct this review. Review findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and be used to inform and guide caring profession education policy, practice and research agendas with the goal of improving education for caring profession students, and care for the patients, clients and learners they serve.
Sou aquela mulher do canto esquerdo do quadro, de Fernanda Grigolin (São Paulo: Tenda de Livros, 2020)
Authors: Mhereb Maria Teresa de Araujo 
Published: May 2021

Resenha do livro Sou aquela mulher do canto esquerdo do quadro, escrito por Fernanda Grigolin e publicado pela editora Tenda de Livros em 2020.
Host suitability of different common bean varieties in a growth room to the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus
Authors: Saleh Azzam , İmren Mustafa , Özer Göksel , Yeken Mehmet Z. , Çiftçi Vahdettin , Dababat Abdelfattah A. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus attack common bean and cause economic yield losses throughout cultivated areas in Turkey. The most effective management strategy for the P. thornei and P. neglectus infections is crop rotation with non-host crops and breeding resistant/tolerant varieties. However, parent bean genotypes immune to P. thornei and P. neglectus are not available for breeding programmes; thus, resistant varieties are commonly incorporated as parents. In the present research, a total of 36 common bean varieties were tested in a growth room for their host response to these two nematode pests. The reproduction factor and the population density of both nematode species were calculated. All tested bean varieties showed varying levels of resistance and susceptibility to P. thornei and P. neglectus. Among the dry bean varieties, nine were found to be resistant to P. thornei and three to P. neglectus, with three varieties (‘Kantar-05’, ‘Önceler-98’ and ‘Karacasehir-90’) resistant to both species. Among fresh bean varieties, ten were found to be resistant to P. thornei and four to P. neglectus, with four varieties (‘Helda’, ‘Gina’, ‘Gelincik’ and ‘Bourgondia’) resistant to both species. The resistant common bean varieties identified in this study are a valuable untapped genetic pool that will offer improved resistance levels to P. thornei and P. neglectus, especially ‘Gina’ and ‘Önceler-98’, which seem to possess a great source of resistance to P. thornei and P. neglectus, respectively, and can be used in breeding programmes in the near future.
Xuebijing inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress and promote apoptosis in human synovial cells via inhibition of MEK1/2 and NF-ĸB pathway
Authors: Li Liang , Li Yafeng , Shi Da , Liu Huajian , Wang Baohui , Sun Yindi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is categorized as an autoimmune disease that leads to bone or joint deformity due to altered immune response. Studies have concluded the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the progression of RA and agents inhibiting these processes showed benificial effect against the disease. Xuebijing (XBJ) injection is an intravenous patent preparation made from five-traditional Chinese medicines. Previous studies showed its excellent pharmacological activities, such as against sepsis, inflammation, and oxidative stress which has encouraged us to investigate the protective effect of XBJ against rheumatoid arthritis cell line (MH7A). For this purpose, the effect of XBJ was quantified on several parameters on the human synovial MH7A cell line activated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The results of the study showed that the level of tested interleukines (IL- 1β, IL- 6, IL- 8) and collagenases 1, and 13, and matrix metallo-proteinases 1, and 13 (MMP-1, and MMP-13) were found significantly reduced in XBJ treated group as compared to TNF-α treated MH7A cells. The XBJ treated group showed reduction in mRNA protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS in RT-qPCR assay. The rate of cellular apoptosis was found increased in XBJ treated group with reduction of cell viability of MH7A cells. The XBJ also showed attenuation of the expression of p-MEK/1/2 and p-p65 in MH7A cells in a western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that XBJ significantly inhibits the inflammatory response, prevents cell viability, and induces apoptosis in human RA synovial cells by preventing the activation of the MEK/NF-κB pathway.
Overcoming Religious Illiteracy: Towards a More Inclusive Approach to Islamic Bioethics
Authors: Hashmi (جواد ت. هاشمي) Javad T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Islamic bioethics is an emerging phenomenon, with a recent proliferation of introductory literature seeking to describe the scope, parameters, and players of the field. However, this paper critically assesses the enterprise of Islamic bioethics as it stands today and argues that it lacks conceptual clarity. This leads to some very problematic assumptions made by Muslim and non-Muslim authors alike, which results in essentialist and reductionist discourses that privilege majoritarian, authoritarian, and conservative forms of religious and state authority at the expense of competing, dissenting, and reformist voices. I suggest using the principles of religious literacy (as endorsed by the American Academy of Religion) to bring much needed conceptual clarity to the field, to understand Islamic bioethics as a contested space of academic theology, and to promote a more inclusive discourse.
Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for urine retinol-binding protein is more sensitive than polyclonal and monoclonal assays
Authors: Salota Rashim , Lapsley Marta , Nabi Ekramun , Packer Simon , Hyer Steve , Dockrell Mark 
Published: May 2021

Background Retinol-binding protein4 (RBP) assays using polyclonal antibodies (pRBP) have major problems of non-linearity of dilution and a very small useable dynamic range. Our objective was to develop a specific assay with a wider dynamic range to detect tubular proteinuria. Methods mRBP (monoclonal capture and second antibody with colorimetric detection) and fluoroimmunoassays for RBP (fRBP) (polyclonal capture and monoclonal second antibody with fluorescence detection) were developed and compared with pRBP. Four hundred and eighty-eight patient samples were collected; 290 samples were analysed by mRBP and 198 samples with fRBP and compared with pRBP. Results mRBP assay has the advantages of better linearity on dilution and wider analytical range over pRBP. It is limited by poor signal in the patients with albuminuria and glomerular proteinuria and inferior discrimination between patient groups. fRBP had an intra-assay and inter-assay CV of <6% and <8%, respectively, and analytical range was 2.3–599  µg/L. fRBP was linear on dilution within the analytical range. Correlation (r) was 0.8722 (95% CI 0.7621 to 0.9333, P< 0.0001); Mann-Whitney test revealed no significant difference (U = 18,877, n = 198, P = 0.5244) asserting that the medians of the two samples were identical. Bland-Altman test between pRBP and fRBP showed a mean negative bias of 16.43 (CI –994 to 1027) µg/mmol. Conclusions The combination assay with fluorescence detection (fRBP) proved more discriminatory than a purely monoclonal system especially in patients with significant proteinuria and has advantages of better linearity on dilution and wider analytical range than the existing pRBP assay and compared extremely well with pRBP.
Precisely Closed Reduction of Nasal Bone Fracture Assisted With Plain Film Measurements Under the Picture Archiving and Communication System
Authors: Yang Tzu-Hsien , Fang Chien-Liang , Tsai Chong-Bin , Chen Ming-Shan , Changchien Chih-Hsuan , Yang Hsin-Yi , Fang Kai-Jan 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To prevent aesthetic and functional deformities, precisely closed reduction is crucial in the management of nasal fractures. Plain film radiography (PF), ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography can help confirm the diagnosis and classification of fractures and assist in performing closed reduction. However, no study in the literature reports on precisely closed reduction assisted with PF measurements under the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 153 patients with nasal bone fracture between January 2013 and December 2017. Surgeons conducted precisely closed reduction assisted with PF measurement of the distance between the fracture site and nasal tip under PACS on 34 patients (group A). Another group on 119 patients were reduced under surgeon’s experience (group B). Results: No significant differences in age, gender, Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification, and reduction outcome were observed between group A and group B ( P > .05). The operative time of the group A was significantly lower (12.50 ± 4.64 minutes) compared to group B (23.78 ± 11.20 minutes; P < .001). After adjusted age, gender, and AO classification, patients in group A scored 10.46 minutes less on the operative time than those in group B ( P < .001). In addition, the severity of nasal bone fracture (AO classification, β = 3.37, P = .002) was positive associated with the operative time. Conclusions: In this study, closed reduction in nasal bone fracture assisted with PF measurements under PACS was performed precisely, thereby effectively decreasing operative time and the occurrence of complications. This procedure requires neither the use of new instruments or C-arm nor USG or navigation experience. Moreover, reduction can be easily performed using this method, and it requires short operative time, helps achieve great reduction, less radiation exposures, and is cost-effective.
Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for improving outpatient neuropalliative care: A qualitative study of patient and caregiver perspectives
Authors: Macchi Zachary A , Ayele Roman , Dini Megan , Lamira Jensine , Katz Maya , Pantilat Steven Z , Jones Jacqueline , Kluger Benzi M 
Published: May 2021

Background: COVID-19 has impacted persons with serious illness, including those with chronic, neurodegenerative conditions. While there are several reports on COVID-19’s impact on inpatient palliative care, literature is limited about the impact on outpatient care which may be more relevant for these patients. Aim: To generate a person-centered description of the impact of COVID-19 from the perspectives of patients living with neurodegenerative disease and caregivers to improve outpatient palliative care delivery. Design: This qualitative study used rapid analysis via matrix design to identify emergent themes related to participant perspectives on the challenges of COVID-19. Data sources included semi-structured interviews, open-ended survey responses, medical record documentation and participant-researcher communications. Setting/Participants: Data was collected from 108 patients with Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease or related disorders and 90 caregivers enrolled in a multicenter, clinical trial of community-based, outpatient palliative care between March 20, 2020 and August 8, 2020 (NCT03076671). Results: Four main themes emerged: (1) disruptions to delivery of healthcare and other supportive services; (2) increased symptomatic and psychosocial needs; (3) increased caregiver burden; (4) limitations of telecommunications when compared to in-person contact. We observed that these themes interacted and intersected. Conclusions: Patients and caregivers have unmet care needs because of the pandemic, exacerbated by social isolation. While telemedicine has helped improve access to healthcare, patients and caregivers perceive clear limitations compared to in-person services. Changes in society and healthcare delivery in response to COVID-19 highlight ongoing and novel gaps that must be addressed to optimize future outpatient palliative care for neurologic illness.
Health and social care professionals’ experiences of providing end of life care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Hanna Jeffrey R. , Rapa Elizabeth , Dalton Louise J , Hughes Rosemary , Quarmby Louise M , McGlinchey Tamsin , Donnellan Warren J , Bennett Kate M , Mayland Catriona R , Mason Stephen R 
Published: May 2021

Background: Health and social care professionals’ ability to address the needs of patients and their relatives at end of life is likely to have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: To explore health and social care professionals’ experiences of providing end of life care during the COVID-19 pandemic to help inform current/future clinical practice and policy. Design: A qualitative interview study. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Sixteen health and social care professionals working across a range of clinical settings in supporting dying patients during the first wave (March–June 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Results: Participants reported emotional and practical challenges to providing end of life care during the pandemic, including increases in patient numbers, reduced staffing levels and relying on virtual platforms for sensitive, emotive conversations with relatives. Participants were central to promoting connections between patients and their families at end of life and creating opportunities for a final contact before the death. However, the provision of support varied as a consequence of the pressures of the pandemic. Results are discussed under two themes: (1) challenges and facilitators to providing end of life care, and (2) support needs of relatives when a family member was dying during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: There is a need for flexible visiting arrangements at end of life during a pandemic. A systems-level approach is necessary to promote the wellbeing of health and social care professionals providing end of life care during and after a pandemic.
Evaluation of Triage Tests When Existing Test Capacity Is Constrained: Application to Rapid Diagnostic Testing in COVID-19
Authors: Bouttell Janet , Hawkins Neil 
Published: May 2021

Objectives A triage test is used to determine which patients will undergo an existing or “reference” test. This article explores the potential value of using triage tests before reference tests when the capacity of the reference test is constrained. Methods We developed a simple model with inputs: prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and reference test capacity. We included a case study of rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigens used as triage tests before a reference polymerase chain reaction test. Performance data were obtained from an evaluation performed by an academic center on 425 samples from testing centers in the United Kingdom and Germany. Results When reference test capacity is constrained, the use of a triage test leads to a relative expansion of the population tested and cases identified; both are higher with a high-specificity triage test. When reference test capacity is not constrained, the potential advantages of introducing a triage test can be assessed using a standard cost-utility framework, balancing the utility of the reduction in the number of reference tests required against the disutility of missed cases associated with the use of a lower-sensitivity triage test. In the constrained case, the advantage of a triage testing strategy in terms of population covered and cases identified is reduced as the prevalence increases. In the unconstrained case, the reduction in reference tests required is reduced and the number of cases missed increase as the prevalence rises. Conclusion When the availability of the reference test is constrained, tests added in a triage position do not need high levels of accuracy to increase the number of cases diagnosed. This has implications in many disease areas, including COVID-19.