bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignancy risk stratification for pulmonary nodules: comparing a deep learning approach to multiparametric statistical models in different disease groups
Authors: Piskorski Lars , Debic Manuel , von Stackelberg Oyunbileg , Schlamp Kai , Welzel Linn , Weinheimer Oliver , Peters Alan Arthur , Wielpütz Mark Oliver , Frauenfelder Thomas , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Heußel Claus Peter , Kroschke Jonas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objectives
Incidentally detected pulmonary nodules present a challenge in clinical routine with demand for reliable support systems for risk classification. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the lung-cancer-prediction-convolutional-neural-network (LCP-CNN), a deep learning-based approach, in comparison to multiparametric statistical methods (Brock model and Lung-RADS®) for risk classification of nodules in cohorts with different risk profiles and underlying pulmonary diseases.

Materials and methods
Retrospective analysis was conducted on non-contrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans containing pulmonary nodules measuring 5–30 mm. Ground truth was defined by histology or follow-up stability. The final analysis was performed on 297 patients with 422 eligible nodules, of which 105 nodules were malignant. Classification performance of the LCP-CNN, Brock model, and Lung-RADS® was evaluated in terms of diagnostic accuracy measurements including ROC-analysis for different subcohorts (total, screening, emphysema, and interstitial lung disease).

Results
LCP-CNN demonstrated superior performance compared to the Brock model in total and screening cohorts (AUC 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.96)). Superior sensitivity of LCP-CNN was demonstrated compared to the Brock model and Lung-RADS® in total, screening, and emphysema cohorts for a risk threshold of 5%. Superior sensitivity of LCP-CNN was also shown across all disease groups compared to the Brock model at a threshold of 65%, compared to Lung-RADS® sensitivity was better or equal. No significant differences in the performance of LCP-CNN were found between subcohorts.

Conclusion
This study offers further evidence of the potential to integrate deep learning-based decision support systems into pulmonary nodule classification workflows, irrespective of the individual patient risk profile and underlying pulmonary disease.

Key Points
QuestionIs a deep-learning approach (LCP-CNN) superior to multiparametric models (Brock model, Lung-RADS®) in classifying pulmonary nodule risk across varied patient profiles?
FindingsLCP-CNN shows superior performance in risk classification of pulmonary nodules compared to multiparametric models with no significant impact on risk profiles and structural pulmonary diseases.
Clinical relevanceLCP-CNN offers efficiency and accuracy, addressing limitations of traditional models, such as variations in manual measurements or lack of patient data, while producing robust results. Such approaches may therefore impact clinical work by complementing or even replacing current approaches.
The impact of Lusatian Urnfield and subsequent prehistoric cultures on lake and woodland ecosystems: insights from multi-proxy palaeoecological investigations at Bruszczewo, western Poland
Authors: Kołaczek Piotr , Rzodkiewicz Monika , Karpińska-Kołaczek Monika , Hildebrandt-Radke Iwona , Gałka Mariusz , Jaeger Mateusz , Kneisel Jutta , Niebieszczański Jakub 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Lusatian Urnfield culture (LUc, Lausitzer Kultur, kultura łużycka) was one of the most important cultural developments during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age of central-eastern Europe, 1500–500 bc. In this article, we focus on the impact of the LUc and later cultures on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at Bruszczewo on a microregional scale and within the broad context of analogous processes in central-eastern Europe. We did high resolution multi-proxy analyses of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), diatoms and plant macrofossils, supplemented with a lithological and geochemical study of lake and peat deposits from near the archaeological site. The results revealed that between ca. 1020 and 920 bc, woodland clearance took place, possibly connected with farming. This probably contributed to the spread of the weeds Xanthium cf. strumarium and Convolvulus arvensis in the newly created disturbed habitats. Woodland clearance and other human activities contributed to better preservation of diatoms in the lake sediments, probably as a result of increased acidity in this environment. Diatoms, especially taxa preferring eutrophic waters and tolerant of large amounts of dissolved organic matter, were the most frequent at that time. Climate deterioration associated with the 2.8 ka event probably lessened human impact around the lake shore. The diatom records suggest prolonged ice cover on the lake and/or colder springs at that time. Another intensification of human impact occurred at ca. 530 bc and was probably related to activity by people of Pomeranian culture (kultura pomorska, Pommerellische Gesichtsurnenkultur). Later, from ca. 330 bc, arable farming activity declined and grazing was suggested by an abundance of coprophilous fungi spores which, however, should not be regarded as definitive indicators of pasture.
Flax use, weeds and manuring in Viking Age Åland: archaeobotanical and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Vanhanen Santeri , Ilves Kristin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCharred masses of nearly 100,000 Linum usitatissimum (flax) seeds were found in house remains from Tjudnäs on the Åland Islands, Finland, and radiocarbon dated to ad 880–1020. The flax seeds were large and discovered in lumps, which indicates that they had been pressed for their oil. The flax was accompanied by seeds of Cuscuta epilinum, Lolium remotum, Galium spurium and Camelina alyssum/sativa, which are specific weeds of flax fields that mimic it in the flax fields and during crop processing. Several of these species have now become extinct or rare after the introduction of more effective methods of weed control and less flax growing. This find demonstrates the antiquity of this obligate flax weed flora, which appears to have been introduced to Åland together with flax seeds intended for cultivation. Thousands of cereal grains discovered in Viking Age/early medieval (ad 750–1300) Kohagen show that a broad range of crops was grown, with high proportions of Triticum aestivum (naked wheat). Stable isotope analyses of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) ratios were done on the flax from Tjudnäs and other crops from Kohagen, all from samples dated ad 880–1020. The analyses showed high values of δ15N, which can be explained by considerable soil enrichment with manure, possibly also with maritime resources such as seaweed and fish. The δ13C values varied between crops, with those for flax being lower than for cereals and Pisum sativum (peas), which could reflect different environmental conditions or differences in plant physiology. The factors affecting δ15N and δ13C in flax are, however, poorly understood due to the lack of experimental studies.
Cancer neuroscience and glioma: clinical implications
Authors: Westphal Manfred , Drexler Richard , Maire Cecile , Ricklefs Franz , Lamszus Katrin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that tumor growth relies not only on support from the surrounding microenvironment but also on the tumors capacity to adapt to – and actively manipulate – its niche. While targeting angiogenesis and modulating the local immune environment have been explored as therapeutic approaches, these strategies have yet to yield effective treatments for brain tumors and remain under refinement. More recently, the nervous system itself has been explored as a critical environmental support for cancer, with extensive neuro-tumoral interactions observed both intracranially and in extracranial sites containing neural components. In the brain, interactions between glioma cells as well as metastatic lesions with neural components have clinical implications for diagnostics, risk assessments, neurological sequelae, and the development of innovative therapeutics. Here, we review these neuro-tumoral dynamics, emphasizing aspects relevant to neurosurgical practice.
A pathway towards energy efficiency classes for gearboxes related to superefficiency
Authors: Lohner T. , Paschold C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe energy dissipation in the lifecycle of gearboxes is often dominated by the use phase. Energy efficiency targets can accelerate technological development. For tribological contacts, the definition of superlubricity with coefficients of friction of less than 0.01 has stimulated research to reduce friction. Similarly, this potential study on the energy efficiency of gearboxes aims to push research to reduce their energy dissipation during the use phase. Different cylindrical gear geometries, gear oils, and lubrication methods are evaluated using an energy efficiency index and mean energy efficiency. Superefficiency is allocated to the technological setup of a water-containing polyglycol, an extreme low-loss gear, and minimum quantity lubrication. Its corresponding values for the energy efficiency index and mean energy efficiency depend on the particular gearbox and the underlying operating cycle. In the future, the method used in this study can be used to introduce energy classes for gearboxes and to assign energy labels.
Contrasting two versions of the 4-cup 2-item disjunctive syllogism task in great apes
Authors: Jones Benjamin , Call Josep 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChimpanzees excel at inference tasks which require that they search for a single food item from partial information. Yet, when presented with 2-item tasks which test the same inference operation, chimpanzees show a consistent breakdown in performance. Here we test a diverse zoo-housed cohort (n = 24) comprising all 4 great ape species under the classic 4-cup 2-item task, previously administered to children and chimpanzees, and a modified task administered to baboons. The aim of this study is to delineate whether the divergent results reported from the literature are taxonomic differences or artefacts of their methodologies, while extending the literature to cover the remaining great ape species. We find that apes adaptively adjust their choice behaviour in both variants of the task, but that they perform better in trials where the information provided rules out a location rather than removes one of the food items. In a second experiment involving those subjects who passed the first, along with a group of naïve subjects, we test whether subjects were able to apply the logical operation selectively by including control trials where the correct response is reversed. Performance in standard trials breaks down with the addition of control trials, meaning that if apes did solve the first experiment logically, they are not capable of applying that logic flexibly. Considering this finding, we conclude that a 4-cup 2-item task may not be a suitable test of logical reasoning in great apes.
Comparative outcomes of microsurgical dorsal root entry zone lesioning (DREZotomy) for intractable neuropathic pain in spinal cord and cauda equina injuries
Authors: Sitthinamsuwan Bunpot , Ounahachok Tanawat , Pumseenil Sawanee , Nunta-aree Sarun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTreatment of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and cauda equina injury (CEI) remains challenging. Dorsal root entry zone lesioning (DREZL) or DREZotomy is a viable surgical option for refractory cases. This study aimed to compare DREZL surgical outcomes between patients with SCI and those with CEI and to identify predictors of postoperative pain relief. We retrospectively analyzed 12 patients (6 with SCI and 6 with CEI) with intractable neuropathic pain who underwent DREZL. The data collected were demographic characteristics, pain distribution, and outcomes assessed by numeric pain rating scores. Variables and percentages of pain improvement at 1 year and long-term were statistically compared between the SCI and CEI groups. The demographic characteristics and percentage of patients who experienced pain improvement at 1 year postoperatively did not differ between the groups. Compared with the SCI group, the CEI group presented significantly better long-term pain reduction (p = 0.020) and favorable operative outcomes (p = 0.015). Patients with border zone pain had significantly better long-term pain relief and outcomes than did those with diffuse pain (p = 0.008 and p = 0.010, respectively). Recurrent pain after DREZL occurred in the SCI group but not in the CEI group. DREZL provided superior pain relief in patients with CEI. The presence of border zone pain predicted favorable outcomes. CEI patients or SCI patients with border zone pain are good surgical candidates for DREZL, whereas SCI patients with below-injury diffuse pain are poor candidates.
Examining the Impact of a Brief Compassion Focused Intervention on Everyday Experiences of Compassion in Autistic Adults Through Psychophysiology and Experience Sampling
Authors: Sherwell Chase S. , Varley Deanna , Kinnane Claudia , Turner Wesley , Zimmerman David , Kirby James N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAutistic adults experience greater rates of anxiety and depression compared to the general population. Compassion-focused therapy interventions, aimed at promoting self-compassion capabilities, have shown efficacy in improving mental health outcomes in autistic and non-autistic samples suffering from self-criticism that contribute to difficulties in emotion regulation. We explored the experiences of autistic adults during a brief one-week online self-compassion exercise to evaluate it’s feasibility and acceptability through self-report, experience sampling, and parasympathetic activity measured via HRV. Pre- to post-intervention comparisons showed significant improvement in trait self-compassion and fears of self-compassion, but this did not extend to acute measures of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) nor difficulties in emotion regulation. HRV measures displayed significant increases during self-compassionate practice, although there were no significant changes in physiological reactivity pre- to post-intervention. Experience sampling measures found that whether participants acted on opportunities to be self-compassionate was predictive of concurrent evaluations of affective system activation, whereby acting self-compassionately was associated with greater reported activation of the soothing affective system. Together, our findings support the use of multimodal approaches to investigating the accessibility and efficacy of compassion-focused approaches to resolving emotional difficulties experienced by autistic adults.
Socially shared regulation of learning and artificial intelligence: Opportunities to support socially shared regulation
Authors: Kim Jinhee , Detrick Rita , Yu Seongryeong , Song Yukyeong , Bol Linda , Li Na 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSupporting learners in achieving high-level socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) in the online collaborative learning (OCL) context presents challenges that the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may help solve. However, the effective uses of AI to support multifaceted areas (cognition, metacognition, and motivation) and phases (forethought, performance, and reflection) of SSRL remain elusive. Furthermore, research on developing an educational AI and what pedagogical attributes and elements are required for AI to support students' SSRL effectively is limited. This study, therefore, aims to investigate students' perceptions of AI applications in enhancing SSRL and to explore the essential pedagogical elements necessary for AI to support SSRL during the OCL. To achieve these aims, the study conducted Focus Group Interviews facilitated by 9 scenarios of AI application storyboards and paper prototypes with 30 undergraduate and graduate students. The study findings show that students perceive various types of AI to support cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational areas across different SSRL phases. The study also found that students viewed AI as an active learning agent, serving in roles previously inhabited solely by human educators and students. Furthermore, the study reveals seven key pedagogical elements across TPACK components such as pedagogical, content, technological, pedagogical content, technological pedagogical, technological content, and technological pedagogical content knowledge deemed crucial by students for AI to support SSRL in OCL effectively. These findings offer implications for using and designing educationally relevant AI to support SSRL in OCL environments.
Responding to the Needs of Early Literacy Teachers: Designing Online Professional Development to Improve Writing Instruction for Multilingual Learners
Authors: Crook Katie M. , Vega Hazel , Howell Emily , Rowe Lindsey W. , Bates C. C. , Mittapalli Kavita , Banerjee Amlan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile the population of multilingual learners (MLs) in the United States has grown rapidly in recent years, many teachers feel unprepared to teach them. The professional development (PD) teachers receive is often misaligned with their particular needs and experiences. This design-based research study examined the development and impact of online PD designed with teacher input to improve writing instruction for young MLs. Data were collected over twelve months from 25 teachers in six Southeastern U.S. school districts. Researchers evaluated the impact of the PD on teachers’ knowledge and self-efficacy for teaching writing to MLs. Findings highlight how teachers made instructional moves to support the linguistic assets of their students and shifted their beliefs toward more culturally responsive perspectives. These shifts were facilitated by the core PD elements of content focus, active learning, coherence, and duration. The study highlights a need for soliciting iterative feedback on PD from teachers themselves, revising PD based on ongoing feedback, and providing practical opportunities to apply new learning.
Performance of Confined Concrete-Filled Aluminum Tube Pile Groups under Combined Loading
Authors: Al-Darraji Fadhil , Sadique Monower , Yu Zelong , Shubbar Ali , Marolt Čebašek Tina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent advancements in foundation engineering have introduced composite piles, specifically the Confined Concrete-Filled Aluminum Tube (CCFAT) pile system, which can effectively support both vertical and lateral loads. However, the behavior of composite piles under combined loading conditions remains largely unexplored. This research investigates the performance of CCFAT pile groups installed in loose sand and subjected to combined loads. Experimental studies focused on 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 CCFAT configurations with varying slenderness ratios (Lm/d) of 10, 15, and 20. These experiments were used to validate Finite Element (FE) models. Numerical simulations were then conducted for new configurations, including 2 × 3 and 3 × 3 CCFAT piles, to gather additional performance data. Results indicated that the ultimate vertical capacity of the CCFAT pile groups increased with the Lm/d ratio. Under combined loading, the ultimate lateral capacity also improved with higher vertical loads for a given Lm/d ratio. The laboratory findings showed a near-linear relationship between both ultimate vertical and lateral capacities and the Lm/d ratio. Failure mechanisms identified through numerical simulations revealed that CCFAT pile groups experienced punching shear failure, indicative of confined deep flow behavior. Under specific vertical loads, lateral loading resulted in soil compression on the right and tension on the left, causing heave and depression zones, significant soil yielding, and wedge formations. Sensitivity analyses highlighted that, for pure lateral loads, the internal friction angle and Young’s modulus significantly affect CCFAT pile group behavior, while under vertical loads at 80% of ultimate vertical load (Puv), the internal friction and dilatancy angles have a greater impact on lateral capacity than other parameters. Based on these findings, new expressions were proposed to calculate the ultimate lateral load (Pulv) for CCFAT pile groups under combined loading conditions, integrating the identified influencing factors.
Deconstructing the Self-Other Binary in Care Networks by Unravelling Professional’ Perspectives through an Intersectional Lens
Authors: Hengelaar Aldiene Henrieke , van Hartingsveldt Margo , Abma Tineke , Verdonk Petra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn many western countries informal care is conceived as the answer to the increasing care demand. Little is known how formal and informal caregivers collaborate in the context of an diverse ageing population. The aim of this study was to gain insight in how professionals’ perspectives regarding the collaboration with informal carers with a migration background are framed and shaped by intersecting aspects of diversity. We used an intersectionality informed qualitative design with informal conversations (N = 12) and semi-structured interviews (N = 17) with healthcare professionals working with clients with Acquired Brain Injury. Two critical friends were involved in the analysis which was substantiated by a participatory analysis with a community of practice. We identified four interrelated themes: (a) ‘The difficult Other’ in which professionals reflected on carers with a migration background causing ‘difficulties’; (b) ‘The dependent Other’ refers to professionals’ realization that ‘difficulties’ are intensified by the context in which care takes place; (c) in ‘The uncomfortable self’ professionals describe how feelings of insecurities evoked by the Other are associated with an inability to act ‘professionally’, and; (d) ‘The reflexive self’ shows how some professionals reflect on their own identities and identify their blind spots in collaboration within a care network. These themes demonstrate the tensions, biases and power imbalances between carers and professionals, which may explain some of the existing health disparities perpetuated through care networks.
Protective Factors for Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Role of Emotion Regulation and Attachment
Authors: Tanner Mackenzie A. , Francis Sarah E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a powerful impact on adolescents’ development. The greater the number of stressful life events experienced, the more likely adolescents are to experience internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety. Due to the negative effects of early adversity, it is essential that research examine which protective factors might mitigate this relationship, such as emotion regulation (ER) and attachment. In the current study, the researchers examined the relationships between ACEs, ER, attachment, and anxiety among adolescents. We hypothesized that ER would mediate the relationship between ACEs and anxiety and attachment would moderate the relationship between ACEs and ER within the mediation model. A sample of adolescents (n = 105) completed measures of adolescent anxiety, ACEs, ER, and attachment. Using the PROCESS macro, a moderated mediation model was analyzed. Mother and father attachment moderated the mediation of difficulties in ER on ACEs and anxiety, suggesting that mean levels of mother and higher levels of father attachment function as a mechanism that strengthens the relationship between early negative life events and current anxiety. These findings suggest that the mother/father attachment relationship for adolescents might be of particular importance for youth who have experienced adverse life experiences and have trouble regulating their emotions.