bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of probiotics on animal health and nutrition
Authors: Anee Ismat Jahan , Alam Shamimul , Begum Rowshan Ara , Shahjahan Reza Md , Khandaker Ashfaqul Muid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The constant global need for food has created a demand for colossal food production. Every day the world requires more food than it is capable of growing and harvesting. Antibiotics have been used in healthy food products to promote growth and prevent disease in food-producing animals for a long time. This prolonged use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistant bacteria and the accumulation of antibiotic residue in livestock and fish. To avoid further causalities finding an effective alternative became a dire need. At present, the most suitable alternative for antibiotics is probiotics.

Main body
Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed or applied to the body with the optimum amount. Probiotics are mainly good bacteria and yeast which fight off the pathogenic bacteria, improve the immune system, and restore the gut microbial balance. Probiotics can eliminate the harmful pathogens following several molecular mechanisms and modulate the immune response of the host animal for the well-being of the animals. This review article aims to describe probiotics as a potential growth promoter in major food sectors (poultry, ruminant, and aquaculture), how probiotics can ensure food safety without harmful effects on animals, and find out some points where more research is required to ensure a positive outcome.

Conclusion
The conclusion of this review article highlights the knowledge gaps and how they can be minimized using modern molecular technologies to establish probiotic supplements as an effective alternative to antibiotics.
Evaluation of surface roughness and Vickers microhardness of various nano-herbal extracts on demineralized dentin and their bactericidal efficacy with 970-nm wavelength diode laser irradiation
Authors: Moharam Lamiaa M. , Sadony Doaa M. , Adel Manal M. , Montasser Karim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
Was to evaluate effect of clove, turmeric and garlic nano-herbal extracts on surface roughness and microhardness of demineralized dentin, and their bactericidal effect on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus with or without diode laser irradiation.

Methods
Three 5% nano-formulas were prepared and characterized using transmission electron microscope. MI paste Plus™ was used as control. A total of 100 specimens of demineralized dentin were prepared and treated with 3 W-power diode laser; then, the different tested materials for 10-min before the surface roughness and Vickers microhardness tests were conducted. Eighty coronal cavities were prepared (1-mm diameter × 2-mm depth). Cavities were inoculated with the tested materials with S. mutans or S. sobrinus bacteria, with or without diode laser irradiation for 20-s. Colony-forming unit method was used for counting the viable bacteria. Data were explored for normality using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests and showed parametric distribution for the surface roughness and microhardness tests, and non-parametric distribution for the bactericidal activity test.

Results
The herbal formulas had a significant surface roughness and microhardness mean values. It showed a significant antimicrobial effect on the tested bacteria. When they were combined with diode laser, they showed a significantly higher antimicrobial effect.

Conclusions
The tested herbal formulas represent potent topical remineralizing and antibacterial agents especially when they are used in conjunction with diode laser irradiation.
GC–MS analysis and antibacterial activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on selected clinical bacterial isolates
Authors: Enerijiofi Kingsley Erhons , Akapo Funmilayo Hannah , Erhabor Joseph Omorogiuwa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Man has a long history of utilizing herbal preparations to treat infections. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the quantitative phytochemical components, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, and the antibacterial properties of the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera on some clinical bacterial isolates.

Results
Aqueous and ethanol extractions from Moringa oleifera yielded 40.75% and 62.87%, respectively. Flavonoid (20.76 mg/100 g) was the highest, while saponin (2.00 mg/100 g) was the least of all phytochemicals detected. The proximate nutrient composition revealed that carbohydrate (46.59%) had the highest, while lipid (7.37%) was the least. Eleven compounds were detected in both extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The eleven compounds identified had higher concentrations in the ethanol extract except 2-octenoic (26.09 mg/kg) acid and 1, 2-epoxyhexadecane (8.84 mg/kg) in aqueous extract which were considerably higher than 0.62 mg/kg and < 0.01 mg/kg in ethanol extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were 6.25 mg/ml against the test organisms for ethanol extract.

Conclusion
The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was more active against the bacterial isolates than the aqueous, which increased as the extract concentration increases. The reports revealed that Moringa oleifera is an all-important herb that can inhibit infections from the studied pathogenic bacteria isolates.
Factors associated with anxiety and depression in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Uda Miyabi , Hashimoto Motomu , Uozumi Ryuji , Torii Mie , Fujii Takao , Tanaka Masao , Furu Moritoshi , Ito Hiromu , Terao Chikashi , Yamamoto Wataru , Sugihara Genichi , Nakagami Yukako , Mimori Tsuneyo , Nin Kazuko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The management of anxiety and depression symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is vital. Previous study findings on this topic are conflicting, and the topic remains to be thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to clarify the association of RA disease activity with anxiety and depression symptoms after controlling for physical disability, pain, and medication.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of RA patients from the Kyoto University Rheumatoid Arthritis Management Alliance cohort. We assessed patients using the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Anxiety and depression symptoms were defined by a HADS score ≥ 8. We analyzed the data using multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
Of 517 participants, 17.6% had anxiety symptoms and 27.7% had depression symptoms. The multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that DAS28 was not independently associated with anxiety symptoms (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval; CI] 0.93 [0.48–1.78]; p = 0.82) and depression symptoms (OR [95% CI] 1.45 [0.81–2.61]; p = 0.22). However, DAS28 patient global assessment (PtGA) severity was associated with anxiety symptoms (OR [95% CI] 1.15 [1.02–1.29]; p = 0.03) and depression symptoms (OR [95% CI] 1.21 [1.09–1.35]; p < 0.01). Additionally, HAQ-DI scores > 0.5 were associated with anxiety symptoms (OR [95% CI] 3.51 [1.85–6.64]; p < 0.01) and depression symptoms (OR [95% CI] 2.65 [1.56–4.50]; p < 0.01). Patients using steroids were more likely to have depression than those not using steroids (OR [95% CI] 1.66 [1.03–2.67]; p = 0.04).

Conclusions
No association was found between RA disease activity and anxiety and depression symptoms in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Patients with high PtGA scores or HAQ-DI-based non-remission were more likely to experience anxiety and depression symptoms, irrespective of disease activity remission status. Rather than focusing solely on controlling disease activity, treatment should focus on improving or preserving physical function and the patient’s overall sense of well-being.
Ventilator-induced lung-injury in mouse models: Is there a trap?
Authors: Joelsson Jon Petur , Ingthorsson Saevar , Kricker Jennifer , Gudjonsson Thorarinn , Karason Sigurbergur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVentilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a serious acute injury to the lung tissue that can develop during mechanical ventilation of patients. Due to the mechanical strain of ventilation, damage can occur in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium resulting in a cascade of events that may be fatal to the patients. Patients requiring mechanical ventilation are often critically ill, which limits the possibility of obtaining patient samples, making VILI research challenging. In vitro models are very important for VILI research, but the complexity of the cellular interactions in multi-organ animals, necessitates in vivo studies where the mouse model is a common choice. However, the settings and duration of ventilation used to create VILI in mice vary greatly, causing uncertainty in interpretation and comparison of results. This review examines approaches to induce VILI in mouse models for the last 10 years, to our best knowledge, summarizing methods and key parameters presented across the studies. The results imply that a more standardized approach is warranted.
Histopathological and biochemical effect of quercetin on monosodium glutamate supplementation-induced testicular toxicity
Authors: Abdul-Hamid Manal , Galaly Sanaa Rida , Ahmed Rasha Rashad , Hamdalla Hadeer Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the wide usage of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a flavor enhancer in many types of food, it has been reported as a toxic agent to humans and experimental animals. It also adversely influences male fertility. Several research studies attributed detrimental effects of MSG on reproductive organs to oxidative stress. The current study investigated the effects of MSG on testis and the potential role of quercetin in attenuating them.ResultsMSG-treated rats showed a considerable elevation in lipid peroxidation level and reduction in glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the homogenate of testis tissues. Treatment with quercetin in combination with MSG provided significant protection. When QU was used, the toxic side effects were significantly reduced, with a considerable reduction in lipid peroxidation and an increase in SOD and GPx activities, and glutathione concentration.ConclusionsQuercetin may be used in combination with MSG to improve the histopathological, ultrastructure, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters of testicular toxicity induced by MSG due to its antioxidant effects.Graphical abstract
Autonomic response of gradient exercise testing protocol in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive individuals: a prospective, observational, and analytical study
Authors: Bala Neha , Negi Aashish , Saxena Yogesh , Alam Sarfaraz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing day by day in young Indian population with increase in risk factors such as obesity, hypertension etc. Although in early age, these risk factors are clinically asymptomatic but physiologically they are symptomatic. These symptoms can be best assessed by assessing the response of autonomic nervous system Therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the autonomic response of gradient exercise testing protocol in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive subjects in the form of chronotropic response to exercise, inotropic reponse, heart rate recovery, blood pressure recovery, BRPE, and heart rate variability so that the physiological abnormalities can be corrected.

Results
There were significant differences (p < 0.05) found in gradient exercise testing protocol in diastolic blood pressure in normotensive, in heart rate variability in overweight and in both systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure in pre-hypertensive subjects.

Conclusion
Gradient exercise testing protocol can be best utilized as a clinical tool in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive subjects for the assessment of autonomic nervous system which provides diagnostic and prognostic information regarding cardiovascular disease or abnormalities.
Communities of Disagreement
Authors: Iversen Lars Laird 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This guest column in Common Knowledge presents the concept of “communities of disagreement” to an international and interdisciplinary audience, perhaps for the first time. It takes as its starting point the contrast between agonistic and deliberative democratic theories, and it attempts to outline how democratic groups may live well with unresolved disagreement yet not give on up developing truth-sensitive decision-making processes. It argues against the widespread idea that shared values are the social glue of democratic communities. By developing arguments of Manfred Frank, the article outlines a model of the relationship between social context, interpretation, and information.
“Stands for Itself Certainly”
Authors: Mutter Matthew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
J. M. Coetzee's trilogy of novels with Jesus in their titles, published between 2013 and 2019, has bewildered many reviewers. This essay review proposes that that bewilderment stems from a misconception of the novels’ allegorical dimension and of the possible meanings evoked by their titles. The trilogy is the consummation of Coetzee's meditations on analogy and linguistic skepticism; on the ontological status of fictions; on the eschatological impulsion of writing; and on memory's capacity for true recognitions that have no empirical basis. The trilogy presents us with a world that affirms a purely immanent life. Coetzee tests this world dialogically by subjecting its self-identical “here” to the nonidentical repetitions of analogical thought, through which an “elsewhere” impinges on the “here.” The trilogy's deepest questions turn on the metaphysical scope of this “elsewhere”: that is, on whether the vertiginous depths of analogy participate in an underlying substrate of meaning, recognizable as “the Word of God.”
Synthesis of Halogenated Diphenylpiperazines from l-Tyrosine Derivatives by Biotransformation
Authors: Bao Shumin , Zhong Xiaoyan , Wan Ying , Tan Guishan , Xu Kangping , Yu Xia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Piperazine-containing compounds tend to exhibit good biological activities. In this study, four novel halogenated diphenylpiperazines were biosynthesized in one step by feeding halogenated l-tyrosine derivatives to Escherichia coli cells expressing heterologous non-ribosomal peptide synthetase HqlA and short-chain reductase HqlB. The work showed potential for synthesis of halogenated diphenylpiperazines using engineered microorganism.
An Isolable 2,4-Diaminotetrasilabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene: Effects of Amino Groups at the Bridge Positions
Authors: Koike Taichi , Honda Shunya , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tetrasilabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-enes, compounds containing an Si=Si double bond with an inverted geometry, have recently emerged as a new class of stable π-electron systems of silicon. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2,4-diaminotetrasilabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-enes 1t and 1c that have amino groups at the bridge positions. XRD analysis and theoretical calculations revealed that inverted Si=Si double bonds in 1t and 1c lengthen up to 2.55 Å likely due to the interaction between the π(Si=Si) and σ*(Si–N) orbitals.
An enhanced broadband class-J mode power amplifier for 5G smart meter applications
Authors: Sridhar Nagisetty , Senthilpari Dr  Chinnaiyan , R Dr Mardeni , Hin Yong Dr Wong 
Published: October 2021

Background: With the tremendous increase in the usage of smart meters for industrial/ household purposes, their implementation is considered a crucial challenge in the Internet of Things (IoT) world, leading to a demand for emerging 5G technology. In addition, a large amount of data has to be communicated by smart meters efficiently, which needs a significant enhancement in bandwidth. The power amplifier (PA) plays a major role in deciding the efficiency and bandwidth of the entire communication system. Among the various modes of PAs, a newly developed Class-J mode PA has been proven to achieve high efficiency over a wide bandwidth by maintaining linearity. Methods: This paper proposes a Class-J mode PA design methodology using a CGH40010F-GaN device that operates at a 3.5 GHz frequency to meet the requirements of 5G wireless communication technology for the replacement of existing 4G/LTE technology used for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in smart grids. This research's main objective is to design the proper matching networks (M.Ns) to achieve Class-J mode operation that satisfies the bandwidth requirements of 5G smart grid applications. With the target impedances obtained using the load-pull simulation, lumped element matching networks are analyzed and designed in 3 ways using the ADS EDA tool. Results: The simulation results reveal that the proposed Class-J PA provides a maximum drain efficiency (D.E) of 82%, power added efficiency (PAE) of 67% with 13 dB small-signal gain at 3.5 GHz, and output power of 40 dBm (41.4 dBm peak) with a power gain of approximately 7 dB over a bandwidth of approximately 400 MHz with a 28 V power supply into a 50 Ω load. Conclusion: The efficiency and bandwidth of the proposed Class-J PA can be enhanced further by fine-tuning the matching network design to make it more suitable for 5G smart meter/grid applications.
Professional Training of Future Primary School Teachers for the Organization of Exhibition Activities
Authors: Kolesnikov Evgeniy 
Published: October 2021

The article describes the technology of professional training of future primary school teachers for the organization of exhibition expositions
of creative works of younger schoolchildren. The conclusion is made about the importance of involving primary school students in exhibition
activities. The characteristics of the types of exhibitions, which are most expedient to use in school practice, are given, since in different situations of the educational process they allow solving the problems of the educational plan: to consider the work of other children and get new impressions; show your work and listen to feedback about them; talk about your own idea and talk about the work of other children. The substantiation of the exhibition is given as a condition for the development of a culture of perception, aesthetic taste, the ability to empathize and enjoy the success of classmates in younger schoolchildren, to increase their own self-esteem and the desire for creative search.
Collective Classes in a Group of Different Ages Based on the Integration of the Content of Different Academic Subjects
Authors: Aristarhova O. , Dvoryankina Yu. , Osipova E. , Lebedincev V. 
Published: October 2021

The article proposes to consider the initial stage of the transition to such a form of training organization as collective classes in different-age
groups of younger schoolchildren according to the methodology developed by the talented teacher A.G. Rivin. They are held at the Moscow
secondary school named after Ivan Yarygin of the Krasnoyarsk region on the integrated content of academic subjects “Literary Reading”, “Fine Arts”, “Technology”. The specificity of the texts compiled by teachers for use in the process of paragraph-by-paragraph elaboration of the text using the technology of A.G. Rivina. Particular attention is paid to the issues of including first-graders (some of whom do not yet know how to read and write) in classes where younger schoolchildren of an older age participate. In this regard, multilevel algorithms of educational interaction are described. It highlights the difficulties that may arise with this form of training, as well as ways to overcome them.
Squeezed light at 2128  nm for future gravitational-wave observatories
Authors: Darsow-Fromm Christian , Gurs Julian , Schnabel Roman , Steinlechner Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

All gravitational-wave observatories (GWOs) have been using the laser wavelength of 1064 nm. Ultra-stable laser devices are at the sites of GEO 600, Kagra, LIGO, and Virgo. Since 2019, not only GEO 600, but also LIGO and Virgo have been using separate devices for squeezing the uncertainty of the light, so-called squeeze lasers. The sensitivities of future GWOs will strongly gain from reducing the thermal noise of the suspended mirrors, which involves shifting the wavelength into the 2 µm region. This Letter aims to reuse the existing high-performance lasers at 1064 nm. Here we report the realization of a squeeze laser at 2128 nm that uses pump light at 1064 nm. We achieve the direct observation of 7.2 dB of squeezing as the first step at megahertz sideband frequencies. The squeeze factor achieved is mainly limited by the photodiode’s quantum efficiency, which we estimated to

(

92

±

3

)
%

. Reaching larger squeeze factors seems feasible also in the required audio and sub-audio sideband, provided photo diodes with sufficiently low dark noise will be available. Our result promotes 2128 nm as the new, to the best of our knowledge, cost-efficient wavelength of GWOs.
Prevalence and associated factors of Tunga penetrans infestation among 5-14-year-olds in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Tamene Aiggan 
Published: October 2021

Background
Tunga penetrans, also known as sand flea, causes Tungiasis in humans and animals. Despite its notoriety as an entomological problem, however, the ectoparasite receives little consideration from public health professionals. It is against this background that this article aims to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with Tunga penetrans infestation among 5-14-year-olds in rural Western Ethiopia.

Methods
From November to December 2020, 487 children aged 5 to 14 were selected from four primary schools in a cross-sectional study using systematic random sampling. Clinical exams, Interviews with parents/guardians and observations of the housing and classroom environments were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression were used to characterize the data and identify factors associated with Tunga penetrans infestation.

Result
Tunga penetrans infestation (Tungiasis) was diagnosed in 138 of the 487 children examined, placing the prevalence at 28.3% (95% CI: 24.2%, 32.2%). Mud plastered walls [AOR: 5.83, % CI (3.44–9.88)], having cats in the house [AOR: 5.91, 95% CI (3.51–10.11)], not having separated sleeping quarters for animals [AOR: 4.60, 95% CI (2.69–7.86)], using self-supplied water [AOR: 6.30, 95% CI (3.33–11.93)], walking>30 minutes to school [AOR: 2.37, 95% CI (1.48–3.80)] were associated with Tungiasis.

Conclusion
In one way or another, several of the identified factors were linked to poverty. Improved house wall materials, fumigation of mud-plastered houses, dusting or spraying insecticides on domestic animals (such as cats), improved access to water, community education about keeping animals separated from living spaces, and hygiene promotion are all needed, with a focus on locally available, low-cost technologies that the poorest families can afford.
Existence of solution for Kirchhoff model problems with singular nonlinearity
Authors: Montenegro Marcelo 
Published: October 2021

We study the fourth order Kirchhoff equation Δ2u−(a+b∫Ω|∇u|2)γΔu=f(u) in Ω with −Δu>0 and u>0 in Ω, and Δu=u=0 on ∂Ω, where f(t)=α1tθ+λtq+μt+g(t) for t≥0, g has subcritical growth, α>0, λ>0, μ≥0, 0<θ<1, 0<q<1, γ≥0, a>0, b≥0. We use the Galerkin projection method to show the existence of solution under some boundedness restriction on α,λ,μ. In some cases we study the behavior of the norm of the solution u as λ→0 and as λ→∞. Similar issues are addressed for the equation (a+b∫Ω|∇u|2)γΔ2u−ϱΔu=f(u), ϱ≥0.