bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign tumors of the large bronchi and trachea
Authors: Plaksin S. A. 
Published: November 2021

The OBJECTIVE was to assess the incidence, diagnostic abilities and surgical tactics in case of benign tumors of the large bronchi and trachea.METHODS AND MATERIALS. Benign tumors of the large bronchi and trachea were diagnosed in 29 (6.3 %) of patients among 445 patients with benign bronco-pulmonary tumors. The diagnosis was made due to X-ray and endoscopic studies. Lung resections were performed in 5 (17.2 %) patients. RESULTS. Clinical symptoms were non-specific. In 10 (35.7 %) cases, the disease was diagnosed during X-ray examination. Computed tomography revealed pulmonary changes caused by bronchial narrowing in 5 patients (17.2 %).The biopsy taken during bronchoscopy detected the histological form of the tumor in 16 (55 %) patients. The exact morphological type of the tumor was identified after its removal. More often, they were polyps (48.3 %), papillomatosis (20.7 %), chondromas (10.3 %), in single cases – teratomas, sclerosing hemangioma, adenoma, mucoepidermoid tumor, histiocytoma, inflammatory pseudotumors. In 24 (82.8 %) patients, tumors were removed during bronchoscopy by electrosurgical or argonoplasmic destruction methods. The repeated surgery for a recurrence was required in 5 (17.2 %) patients in terms of (8.3±4.7) months, three times for two patients. In three cases, we performed lobectomy; in one case, we performed lobectomy with wedge resection of the intermediate bronchus. Pneumonectomy was made in two patients: one patient suspected of cancer after tumor biopsy, the other – complicated with lung gangrene. The latter patient died of pneumonia of the single lung. The mortality rate was 3.4 %.CONCLUSION. In presence of non-specific pulmonary symptoms resistant to therapy, it is necessary to rule out benign bronchial tumors using X-ray and endoscopy. Most formations can be removed during bronchoscopy. In case of irreversible lung changes or impossible endoscopic removal, we should use surgery.
Optimizing Machine Translation to Overcome Mechanical Engineering Vocational Education Students Difficulties in Academic Writing
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Siti Drivoka , Avianka Trisya 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Machine translation has been proved to be a favourable style to execute. However, some research evidence difficulties indicates that its focus is on students' difficulties in academic writing, not on how to overcome them by using machine translation. As a result, this research aims to determine how machine translation might be optimized to help mechanical engineering vocational education students with academic writing difficulties.
Methodology:
The data was collected from 27 second-semester mechanical engineering vocational education students currently enrolled in an English college course at one of the Universities in Jakarta. Questionnaires online were used to obtain the data, which was analyzed and interpreted descriptively. Questionnaire 1 is used to determine whether or not the subject utilized machine translation and, if so, what type of machine translation they used most frequently. Question 2 was split into two sections. PART A was modified from Xiao & Chen (2015), who described students' challenges with academic writing. It comprises 12 items that were delivered to 27 students via Google Form. Meanwhile, the findings of Lee (2020) have been adapted into PART B.
Findings:
The result of this study revealed that 27 students of mechanical engineering vocational education in one of the Universities in Jakarta encountered several academic writing difficulties such as grammar (construct grammatically correct sentences, the use of appropriate tenses), expressions (discourse markers, part of speech), and vocabulary (proper vocabulary choices and finding synonyms). Grammar problems are the most challenging, followed by vocabulary and phrases. The optimization of machine translation was also discovered to be the most effective way of overcoming vocabulary issues followed by grammar and expression.
Conclusion:
Academic writing issues emerge in the classroom. According to the findings, the most difficulties students encountered fell into the grammar aspect. On the other hand, the students considered that machine translation would be the most helpful in overcoming their vocabulary challenges. Although machine translation helps deal with academic writing difficulties like developing vocabulary skills, increasing knowledge of grammar rules in context, and finding more authentic expression, teachers should also guide them in writing academically.
Keywords: optimizing machine translation; academic writing difficulties; grammar; vocabulary; expressions.
Text-Based Language Teaching in the New-Normal Era to Achieve Communicative Competence: Challenges for EFL Teachers
Authors: Rustipa Katharina , Yulistiyanti Yulistiyanti , Mulatsih Sri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:
To live in this communicative era, people need to have communicative competence. The main aim of ELT is to enable the students to communicate or to produce a text. Thus, EFL teaching needs to facilitate them to achieve communicative competence so that they can participate actively in their communities. EFL teachers can utilize text-based teaching to realize this. Text-based teaching involves the use of texts, which are context bases for achieving communicative competence. This paper is a reflection, describing the teachers' common problems in implementing text-based teaching, especially under the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology:
This study is qualitative survey research to gain in-depth information about the topic of the study. The goal of this study is to describe the teachers' perception of Text-Based Approach in ELT and to describe their challenges to implement text-based online teaching. Open-ended survey questions were delivered to 15 research participants. To get a comprehensive understanding of the research participants' opinions, the researchers followed up their answers with an interview via a telephone call.
Findings:
The questionnaire, interview, and teachersâ€™ self-written reflection revealed the teachersâ€™ common problems in implementing text-based teaching, i.e. in selecting texts, in adapting or in modifying texts, in designing tasks, in overcoming studentsâ€™ boredom, besides the problems of online teaching.
Conclusion:
The main root of the problems is the teachers' lack of knowledge of text-based approach. Thus, updating the teachers' knowledge can be one of the solutions to the problems.
Disney Movie Soundtrack: Does It Give Effect to Studentsâ€™ Speaking Skill?
Authors: Permana Alda Indah , Megawati Fika 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The implementation of media in the learning process can be a crucial thing to support studentsâ€™ competence. Meanwhile, teacher also has a role to utilize creative media in honing studentsâ€™ English skill especially in speaking. This study showed that the use of song media especially Disney movies soundtrack has a significant effect for eleventh grade studentsâ€™ speaking skill. However, there are several steps which should be done before applied the treatment.
Methodology:
This study used quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group design. The object of this study was two classes which divided as experimental group and control group on the eleventh grade at Islamic boarding school. Furthermore, the data were collected from studentsâ€™ pre-test and post-test scores. The score of test in the experimental group showed the results based on the implementation of treatment using Disney movies soundtrack, while the control group only used conventional learning.
Findings:
The report of finding in this study revealed that there is a significant effect toward studentsâ€™ speaking skill after the researcher applied the use of English song especially Disney movies soundtrack as the media during the learning activities. Moreover, it also showed the difference between score of students in experimental group which increased than the results of studentsâ€™ scores in control group. In addition, the learners still have to practice their speaking skill in daily life.
Conclusion:
The effect of Disney movies soundtrack becomes an effective media for eleventh grade studentsâ€™ speaking skill at Islamic boarding school.

Keywords: Speaking Skill, English Song, Disney Song
Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma: A Case Report and Unique Treatment Consideration
Authors: Karim Maria , Wu Marlyn , Ros Adriana 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) is a benign, yet exceedingly rare vascular and firbiohistiocytic proliferation. The lesions are typically asymptomatic and are commonly cosmetically displeasing to patients. 1 Previous reports have demonstrated success in treating MCAH with fractional ablative CO2 laser, argon laser, pulsed dye laser, and KTP lasers. 3 The scarcity of reported cases may suggest that the lesion is commonly misdiagnosed, and we report this case to highlight the characteristic features of MCAH with successful treatment with Neodymium YAG laser.
Case Presentation: A 64-year- old female presented to our clinic with a 1- month history of multiple erythematous to violaceous lesions on her bilateral hands. The lesions were asymptomatic, but cosmetically displeasing for the patient. Past medical history and family history was noncontributory. Examination revealed several 2-6 mm well- circumscribed, erythematous, indurated smooth papules on the bilateral dorsal and in the second web space of the left hand. Shave biopsy of the lesions were consistent with MCAH. She was initially treated with topical steroids twice daily for 2 weeks, with no improvement. The patient received 3 treatments with Neodymium YAG, 4 weeks apart. This treatment was discontinued after 3 sessions due to the dramatic visible improvements in regards to induration and discoloration of the lesions.
Discussion: MCAH is an extremely uncommon lesion, diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical examination, histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the lesions. This case illustrates diagnosis and successful treatment of MCAH with Neodymium YAG and offers a unique treatment consideration for patients.
A Machine Learning-Based Test for Predicting Response to Psoriasis Biologics
Authors: Bagel Jerry , Wang Yipeng , Montgomery, III Paul , Abaya Christian , Andrade Eric , Boyce Courtney , Tomich Tatiana , Lee Byung-In , Pariser David , Menter Alan , Dickerson Tobin 
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study was designed to develop and prospectively validate a machine learning based algorithm that could predict patient response to the most common biologic drug classes used in the management of psoriasis patients. This type of tool would allow clinicians to have greater confidence that a given patient will respond to a specific drug class, which could lead to improved health outcomes and reduced wasted healthcare spend.
Methods: Patients were enrolled into one of two observational studies (STAMP studies) where dermal biomarker patches (DBPs) were applied at baseline prior to drug exposure, followed by clinical evaluations at 12 weeks after exposure. PASI measurements were made at baseline and 12 weeks to evaluate clinical response to a clinical phenotype. Responders were defined as those who reached PASI75 at 12 weeks. The transcriptomes obtained from the DBPs were sequenced and analyzed to derive and/or validate classifiers for each biologic class, which were then combined to yield predictive responses for all three biologic drug classes (IL-23i, IL-17i, and TNFai).
Results: A total of 242 psoriasis patients were enrolled in these studies, including 118 patients (49.6%) treated with IL-23i, 79 patients (33.2%) treated with IL-17i, 35 patients (14.7%) treated with TNFai, and 6 patients (2.5%) treated with IL-12/23i. The IL-23i predictive classifier was developed from the earlier enrolled patients and independently validated with the latter enrolled patients. IL-17i and TNFai predictive classifiers were developed using publicly available datasets and independently validated with patients from the STAMP studies. In the independent validation, positive predictive values for three classifiers (IL-23i, IL-17i, and TNFai) were 93.1%, 92.3% and 85.7% respectively. Over the entire cohort, 99.5% of patients were predicted to respond to at least one drug class.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the power of using baseline dermal biomarkers and machine learning methods as applied to the prediction of psoriasis biologic prior to drug exposure. Using this test, patients, physicians, and the health care system all can benefit in distinct ways. Precision medicine can be realized for individual patients as most will likely respond to their prescribed biologic the first time. Physicians can prescribe these drugs with increased confidence, and the healthcare system will realize lower net costs as well as greatly reduced wasted spend by significantly improving initial response rates to expensive biologic therapeutics.
Directional Statistics, Bayesian Methods of Earthquake Focal Mechanism Estimation, and Their Application to New Zealand Seismicity Data
Authors:   , Walsh David 
Published: November 2021

<p>A focal mechanism is a geometrical representation of fault slip during an earthquake. Reliable earthquake focal mechanism solutions are used to assess the tectonic characteristics of a region, and are required as inputs to the problem of estimating tectonic stress. We develop a new probabilistic (Bayesian) method for estimating the distribution of focal mechanism parameters based on seismic wave polarity data. Our approach has the advantage of enabling us to incorporate observational errors, particularly those arising from imperfectly known earthquake locations, allowing exploration of the entire parameter space, and leads to natural point estimates of focal mechanism parameters. We investigate the use of generalised Matrix Fisher distributions for parameterising focal mechanism uncertainties by minimising the Kullback-Leibler divergence. We present here the results of our method in two situations. We first consider the case in which the seismic velocity of the region of interest (described by a velocity model) is presumed to be precisely known, with application to seismic data from the Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand. We then consider the case in which the velocity model is imperfectly known, with application to data from the Kawerau region, New Zealand. We find that our estimated focal mechanism solutions for the most part are consistent with all available polarity data, and correspond closely to solutions obtained using established methods. Further, the generalised Matrix Fisher distributions we examine provide a good fit to our Bayesian posterior PDF of the focal mechanism parameters, enabling the posterior PDF to be succinctly summarised by reporting the estimated parameters of the fitted distribution.</p>
Low-Dimensional Physics of Organic-Inorganic Multilayers
Authors:   , Ingham Bridget 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis demonstrates the rich low-dimensional physics associated with the class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on atomic layers of a metal oxide separated by organic spacer molecules. Hybrid materials based on tungsten oxide and also transition metal tungstates (with manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper) were synthesised and characterised using a variety of techniques. The materials in question represent one example of the huge variety of systems classed as 'organic-inorganic hybrids' and have the potential to combine the high-electron mobility of the metal oxide layers with the propensity for self-assembly of the organic layers. The crystal structures of the compounds were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction, and compared with structural information obtained using IR, Raman, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies. This data confirmed the presence of a 2- dimensional layered structure. The electronic properties of the hybrids were studied using optical spectroscopy and confirmed via ab initio calculations. The band gaps of the tungsten oxide hybrids were found to be independent of interlayer spacing, and in all cases were larger than that observed in the three dimensional WO3 'parent' material. For the transition metal tungstate hybrids there appeared to be significant interactions between the organic amines and the transition metal ions within the inorganic layers. The magnetic properties of the hybrids incorporating transition metal ions were also studied in detail. Many of these metal tungstate hybrids display magnetic transitions at low temperatures indicating a crossover from 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional behaviour. This illustrates the importance of the low-dimensional nature of the inorganic layers in these hybrid materials and thus their potential in nano-structural applications.</p>
Moments of Rupture. Changing the State Project for Teachers: a Regulation Approach Study in Education Industrial Relations
Authors:   , Simpkin Patricia Gay 
Published: November 2021

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to examine the response of secondary school teachers to the Tomorrow's Schools education reforms. Their early response was made largely through their union, the Post Primary Teachers' Association (PPTA), in an industrial relations setting as the reform proposals were in development and taking their final shape. The interaction between the professional project of these teachers with the proposed reforms produced an outcome for secondary school education shaped by the interaction, rather than just by the reforms themselves. A case study situated at the intersection of industrial relations, state sector and education restructurings during the period 1984-1989 is the focus of the thesis. The argument is located within French regulationalist theory. The concept of the Keynesian Welfare National State provides a means for connecting education as part of the mode of regulation with the role of the state in New Zealand. The Fourth Labour Government entered into a political project that shifted the role of the state in the economy and society. The roots of the project lay in the discourse of economic rationalism. Policy resulting from this discourse was put into operation through legislation affecting all parts of the state. In education, the discourse of economic rationalism introduced a new approach, the values of which were at odds with those of the previous education settlement of the Keynesian Welfare National State. The object of the thesis is to trace the process of change within the secondary schools sector of education through the years 1984-1989 as the two different sets of values interacted. The assumption is made that institutional change results from a dynamic interaction between new ideas and continuities and discontinuities with the past. This allows for the possibility of the effects of agency on public policy. Analysis focuses on a series of industrial negotiations between the PPTA and the State Services Commission, the negotiating body for government. They took place as various government policy documents and resulting legislation altered the positioning of teachers within the state. The negotiations were of such a character that the educational discourses of economic rationalism and the education settlement of the Keynesian Welfare National State came into conflict and were debated at length. The thesis concludes that, by the end of the negotiations and despite the introduction of legislation on education, the values of secondary teachers remained substantially unchanged and in opposition to the intent of the government reforms.</p>
Comparative Analysis of New Zealand Campylobacter Isolates Using MLST, PFGE and flaA PCR RFLP Genotyping
Authors:   , McTavish Sharla 
Published: November 2021

<p>Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most commonly identified sources of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand, yet little is known about the distribution of genotypes within the respective population structures. Using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and flaA genotyping, the current study identified the distribution of genotypes within New Zealand C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from an outbreak situation, as well as isolates present in the ESR Campylobacter collection. Although the most commonly identified MLST genotypes were similar to international genotypes, a number of internationally rare, or unique to New Zealand genotypes were observed. One rare dominant genotype, ST-474, arising from a point source outbreak, was found to cause a large proportion of human campylobacteriosis cases in New Zealand. A unique cluster of New Zealand genotypes were isolated only from river water, identifying a potentially water adapted C. jejuni strain. Frequent homologous recombination and horizontal gene transfer events were identified within the seven housekeeping genes characterised in the New Zealand sample and the MLST C. jejuni/C. coli database. The identified genetic instability within the current study questions the legitimacy of bacterial species boundaries, especially when examining closely related species such as C. jejuni and C. coli.</p>
Tradisi Mangaru Sebagai Bagian Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat Desa Nepa-Mekar Kecamatan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah
Authors: Manan S Ustafid , Akbal Muhammad , Manda Darman 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap: a) Eksistensi nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi Mangaru dalam membentuk kesadaran hukum masyarakat Desa Nepa Mekar; b).Penaganan dampak/resiko yang ditimbulkan dari tradisi Mangaru pada masyarakat Nepa Mekar; dan c) Faktor-faktor yang mendorong masyarakat masih tertarik untuk melestarikan tradisi Mangaru pada masyarakat Nepa Mekar Kecamatan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipilih adalah juga kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data, meliputi: a) Reduksi Data (Data Reduction; b) Penyajian Data (Data Display); dan c) Penarikan Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) Eksistensi nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi Mangaru dalam membentuk kesadaran hukum masyarakat Desa Nepa-Mekar Kecamatan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah, seperti nilai sosial, ekonomi, agama, dan hukum masih terpelihara dan diterapkan dalam membentuk kesadaran hidup, terutama kesadaran hukum masyarakat. (b) Penanganan dampak/resiko yang ditimbulkan dari tradisi Mangaru pada masyarakat Desa Nepa-Mekar Kecamatan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah, jika terjadi adanya luka badan pemain penanganannya diputuskan melalui rapat musyawarah-mufakat kekeluargaan dalam ikatan ketentuan dan keputusan Adat. (c) Faktor-faktor yang mendorong masyarakat masih tertarik untuk melestarikan tradisi Mangaru pada masyarakat Desa Nepa-Mekar Kecamatan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah, yakni: a) untuk memilih pemimpin yang tangguh dan kebal badan; b) sebagai asset wisata; dan c) untuk menambah Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Buton Tengah.