bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug metabolism‐related eight‐gene signature can predict the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yin Hong‐mei , He Qiong , Chen Jia , Li Zhen , Yang Wanli , Hu Xiaobo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic abnormalities in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma lead to drug resistance and poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore biomarkers that can predict the prognostic risk of gastric adenocarcinoma by analyzing drug metabolism‐related genes.MethodsThe RNA‐seq and clinical information on gastric adenocarcinoma were downloaded from the UCSC and gene expression omnibus databases. Univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were used to identify the prognostic gene signature of gastric adenocarcinoma. The relationships between gastric adenocarcinoma prognostic risk and tumor microenvironment were assessed using CIBERSORT, EPIC, QUANTISEQ, MCPCounter, xCell, and TIMER algorithms. The potential drugs that could target the gene signatures were predicted in WebGestalt, and molecular docking analysis verified their binding stabilities.ResultsCombined with clinical information, an eight‐gene signature, includingGPX3,ABCA1,NNMT,NOS3,SLCO4A1,ADH4,DHRS7, andTAP1, was identified from the drug metabolism‐related gene set. Based on their expressions, risk scores were calculated, and patients were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups, which had significant differences in survival status and immune infiltrations. Risk group was also identified as an independent prognostic factor of gastric adenocarcinoma, and the established prognostic and nomogram models exhibited excellent capacities for predicting prognosis. Finally, miconazole and niacin were predicted as potential therapeutic drugs for gastric adenocarcinoma that bond stably withNOS3andNNMTthrough hydrogen interactions.ConclusionsThis study proposed a drug metabolism‐related eight‐gene signature as a potential biomarker to predict the gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis risks.
Effectiveness of remote simulation‐based learning for periodontal instrumentation: A non‐inferiority study
Authors: Oh Se‐Lim , Mishler Oksana , Yang Ji Seung , Barnes Christine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesWhile numerous virtual/remote simulation‐based learning (SBL) modules were implemented due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, limited data on their effectiveness are available. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a remote SBL module for periodontal instrumentation compared to traditional onsite SBL modules.MethodsCalibrated faculty members have instructed in all modules. Synchronous remote SBL activities using a secure videoconferencing application, which replaced onsite practices, were conducted in a small group setting in the remote SBL module for the class of 2023. After the class took the onsite second‐year practical examination, a set of multiple and logistic regression analyses (N = 389) were conducted to test if the second‐year practical examination scores and the passing rates were significantly different between the remote SBL (class of 2023) and onsite SBL I and II (class of 2019 and 2022) groups.ResultsBoth mean practical examination score and passing rate from the remote SBL group (class of 2023) were significantly higher than those from the onsite SBL II group (class of 2022) when their first‐year practical examination scores were not considered (p < 0.05). Once the first‐year practical examination scores were considered, the remote SBL group was not significantly different from the onsite SBL I and II groups with respect to the mean second‐year practical examination score and the passing rate.ConclusionThe proposed remote SBL module achieved the comparable student learning outcomes compared to the onsite SBL modules while it utilized less staff, time, and material expenditure.
Balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric varices improves hepatic functional reserve in long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Waguri Nobuo , Osaki Akihiko , Watanabe Yusuke , Matsubara Tsuyoshi , Yamazaki Shun , Yokoyama Hanako , Kimura Kiwamu , Wakabayashi Takuya , Mito Masaki , Yakubo Shunta , Azumi Rie , Kohisa Junji , Takaku Kennichi , Sato Munehiro , Furukawa Kouichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimBalloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) has been widely adopted for the management of gastric fundal varices (GVs). There are a few reports that BRTO leads to the improvement of mid‐term and long‐term hepatic functional reserve (HFR). We retrospectively investigated the long‐term effect on HFR and prognosis among patients who had undergone BRTO for GVs.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective study included 57successful patients out of 60 patients who underwent BRTO for GVs from December 2005 to September 2018. We examined the indicators of HFR (e.g., encephalopathy and ascites statuses, serum total bilirubin and albumin levels, % prothrombin time, and Child–Pugh and albumin–bilirubin [ALBI] scores) during 3 years of follow‐up after BRTO. We analyzed survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and identified the independent prognostic factors via multivariate analyses.ResultsGVs disappeared in all patients who were successfully treated by BRTO. At 3 years after BRTO, serum albumin levels were significantly elevated (from 3.3 to 4.0 g/dL, P = 0.008), while Child–Pugh and ALBI scores were significantly decreased (from 7.0 to 5.7, P = 0.043, and from −1.94 to −2.60, P = 0.006, respectively). The median survival time among all patients was 2207 days; the survival rates after BRTO were 87.0% at 1 year, 81.8% at 3 years, 67.3% at 5 years, and 44.1% at 10 years. Multivariate analyses revealed that ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and malignant neoplasms were independently associated with poor prognosis.ConclusionBRTO for GVs has a favorable effect on long‐term HFR.
Synthesis and characterization of 4(R)‐epimer impurities of zanamivir and laninamivir octanoate
Authors: Duan Chuanqi , Liu Weiyuan , Bi Siju , Chen Liang , Pan Jing , Zhou Ting , Lin Kuaile , Zhou Weicheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of compounds 7c and 8d, the 4(R)‐epimer impurities of zanamivir and laninamivir octanoate, were reported for the first time. Their structures were confirmed by NMR and MS and distinguished from their corresponding active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by coupling constant in 1H NMR and HPLC spectra. This work is of great significance for the drug‐related substances analysis in zanamivir and laninamivir octanoate.
Radiomic Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Heterogeneity Within Tumor Based on the Unsupervised Decomposition of Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI for Predicting Histological Characteristics of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Fan Ming , Wang Shiwei , Xu Maosheng , Li Lihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast tumor heterogeneity is associated with histological characteristics. However, pharmacokinetic (PK) heterogeneity within tumor might merit further exploration.PurposeTo enhance the predictive power of molecular subtypes, Ki‐67, and tumor grade by analyzing PK heterogeneity within tumor based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwo hundred and eight biopsy‐proven breast cancer patients, randomly divided into a training cohort (N = 144) and a testing cohort (N = 64).Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted DCE‐MRI at 3.0 T.AssessmentA convex analysis of mixtures‐compartmental modeling decomposition method was used to estimate the PK parameter (i.e., the volume transfer constant Ktrans) in tumor subregions with distinct physiological kinetic patterns, including fast‐flow kinetics, slow‐flow kinetics, and plasma input. Radiomic features based on the PK parameter were calculated from each tumor subregion.Statistical TestsThe training cohort was used to build random forest classifiers based on the optimal features determined by the 5‐fold cross‐validation method. The performance was assessed on the testing cohort using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The AUCs derived from the tumor subregion‐based PK parameter were compared with those of the original images of the entire tumor using the DeLong test. A P‐value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe tumor subregion‐based PK parameter, which yielded the highest AUCs of 0.8782, 0.7568, 0.7019, 0.7963, 0.8080, and 0.7375 for luminal A, luminal B, basal‐like, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Ki‐67, and tumor grade, respectively, obtained better diagnostic performance than the original images in the entire tumor (highest AUCs = 0.8612, 0.6191, 0.5593, 0.7704, 0.7494, and 0.6261, respectively). In particular, statistically significant improvement in the diagnostic performance was obtained for luminal B.Data ConclusionRadiomic analysis of PK heterogeneity within tumor can enhance the predictive performance of radiomic models compared with that of the entire tumor.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage3
Gas‐phase fragmentation of protonated 3‐phenoxy imidazo[1,2‐a] pyridines using tandem mass spectrometry and computational chemistry
Authors: Guo Yanchun , Li Shigai , Chen Hong , Wang Yuexiu , Cao Shuxia , Zhao Yufen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImidazo[1,2‐a] pyridine is one of the pharmaceutically important scaffolds and has been widely studied due to its extensive biological activities. In this work, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) in positive mode was used to study the gas‐phase fragmentation behavior of a series of 3‐phenoxy imidazo[1,2‐a] pyridines. Proposed fragmentation pathways were supported by ESI‐MS/MS data and computational thermochemistry. Homolytic cleavage of the 3‐phenoxy C‐O bond was the characteristic fragmentation of 3‐phenoxy imidazo [1,2‐a] pyridines. The eliminations of the one substituted phenoxy radical and CO produced other diagnostic ions for 3‐phenoxy imidazo [1,2‐a] pyridines, which were useful to identify the 3‐phenoxy group and imidazo [1,2‐a] pyridine scaffold. The results contribute to the further understanding of the gas‐phase fragmentation of 3‐phenoxy imidazo [1,2‐a] pyridines and the identification of other analogs using tandem mass spectrometry techniques.
Metabolism of Du Zhong Formula in rats using UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS
Authors: Song Lili , Yin Hongqing , Han Rui , Li Jingfang , Ma Ningning , Wang Yan , Guo Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDu Zhong Formula (DZF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula derived from BeiJiQianJinYaoFang, is used to treat kidney deficiency and lumbago. In this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS) technique combined with pattern recognition analysis was applied for analysis of metabolic profiles of the bioactive components of the DZF in rat biological samples. In this experiment, a total of 73 compounds, including 53 prototype components and 20 metabolites, were identified tentatively in vivo compared with blank urine, plasma, feces, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The prototype ingredients in DZF include terpenoids, gingerols, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenanthrenes, bibenzyls, organic acids, and other ingredients. The metabolic pathways of DZF involved reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation, desugarization, deoxygenation, glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation. The proposed method could develop an integrated template approach to analyze screening and identification of the bioactive components in plasma, urine, feces, and CSF after oral administration of herb medicines. Additionally, this investigation might provide helpful chemical information for further pharmacology and activity mechanism of DZF.
Reconstructed precipitation in the Lohit River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau since 1720 CE and its weak linkages with monsoon‐season Brahmaputra discharge
Authors: Yue Weipeng , Zhao Xiaoen , Chen Feng , Khan Adam , Gao Zhihong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh Asian glaciers and precipitation have directly or indirectly influenced the freshwater supply of billions of people and natural ecosystems in surrounding areas. To better understand the hydroclimatic changes in the High Asian transboundary river basins in the context of global warming, more precipitation‐sensitive proxy data are needed. In this paper, we used the tree‐ring cores of Pinus densata and Picea brachytyla from the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) to establish a tree‐ring‐width composite chronology and estimate hydrological annual (September–August) precipitation (r2 = 47.0%, p <  0.01) for the Lohit River basin from 1720 to 2019. Our reconstructed precipitation was closely linked with the glacier mass balance of Shishapangma peak, which may provide us with some evidence for glacier fluctuations in the southern TP. Our precipitation reconstruction successfully captured recent dry trends and generally agreed with other tree‐ring‐based precipitation reconstructions from nearby regions. In addition, reconstructed precipitation variations were inconsistent with recorded monsoon‐season Brahmaputra discharge.
Future changes of drought characteristics in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios over Central Asia
Authors: Guo Hao , He Shanfeng , Li Min , Bao Anming , Chen Tao , Zheng Guoxiong , De Maeyer Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding of future changes in drought characteristics is crucial for climate change adaptation and drought impact mitigation. We analysed the projected changes in drought characteristics relative to historical drought conditions in Central Asia using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index based on both gridded observations and an ensemble of bias‐corrected and spatially disaggregated global circulation models (GCMs) from phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The results suggest that precipitation and potential evapotranspiration are projected to increase across Central Asia. Even though the change in wetness may not be significant and robust, a “dry gets drier and wet gets wetter” pattern may emerge in future under different scenarios. Drought events in Central Asia's semi‐arid and arid regions (aridity index <0.5) are projected to become more frequent (>125%), with longer duration (>55%), higher severity (>74%) and intensity (>8%) by the end of the 21st century under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. In the coming period of 2021–2050, Central Asia is expected to have more drought events with a longer duration but lower intensity. Comparisons between different SSP scenarios stress the importance of climate change mitigation strategies to avoid more drought occurrence, longer drought duration and higher drought severity. The long‐term mitigation and adaptation studies for increasing drought impacts are also imperative in Central Asia.
Evaluating a simple proxy for climatic cloud‐to‐ground lightning in Sichuan Province with complex terrain, Southwest China
Authors: Zhao Pengguo , Xiao Hui , Liu Chang , Zhou Yunjun , Xu Xiaoyang , Hao Ke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLightning matters to human life and natural fires so much that monitoring and predicting lightning are highly important. A simple proxy for climatic cloud‐to‐ground (CG) density is evaluated defined as the product of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and precipitation rate using data from 2005 to 2017 in Sichuan of Southwest China. CAPE times precipitation rate (CP) relates the monthly distribution and magnitude of negative lightning in the basin region more closely, while CP describes the monthly distribution and magnitude of positive lightning in the plateau region more appropriately. Except for individual years, the annual variation trend and magnitude of CP and positive and negative lightning are relatively consistent in the basin region, while the description of the annual variation trend and magnitude of lightning by CP in the plateau region is insufficient, especially for negative lightning. CP represents the high‐value areas of the positive and negative lightning in the basin and southern Sichuan reasonably, but misses the lightning belt in the plateau region. In general, the performance of CP for lightning in the basin is superior to that in the plateau, this may be caused by two factors, one is the particularity and complexity of lightning in the plateau resulted from special topographic and meteorological conditions, the other one is the limitation of CP caused by the fact that CP does not take into account other environmental factors contributing to lightning. The ability of this simple proxy to describe CG lightning in Sichuan is limited by vertical wind shear in the middle and lower troposphere, zero degree height, and liquid water path, mainly because the proxy does not have the ability to generalize these factors that play a key role in lightning activity.
Antioxidant effect of enamel matrix derivative for early phase of periodontal tissue regeneration in diabetes
Authors: Takeda Kohei , Mizutani Koji , Matsuura Takanori , Kido Daisuke , Mikami Risako , Buranasin Prima , Saito Natsumi , Kominato Hiromi , Takemura Shu , Nakagawa Keita , Iwata Takanori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes involves metabolic disorders in various tissues via hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on periodontal regeneration in diabetes.MethodsTwenty‐two rats were equally divided into streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes or control group. Two months after induction of hyperglycemia, systemic oxidative stress was measured using urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. EMD or saline was applied into the intrabony defects created in the bilateral maxillary molar. mRNA expressions of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were quantified (n = 6). Histometric analyses and immunohistochemistry of superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD‐1) were performed 7 days postoperatively (n = 5). For in vitro experiments, the bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat femur and cultured in a high glucose (HG) or control medium. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and alizarin red staining were performed with/without EMD.ResultsSystemic oxidative stress was significantly higher in the diabetic group. The connective tissue attachment and cementum formation were significantly increased at EMD‐treated sites in both diabetic and non‐diabetic groups. The expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase two and four was significantly lower at EMD‐treated sites than at EMD‐untreated sites in both diabetic and non‐diabetic rats. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly higher SOD‐1 expression at the EMD‐treated site. In vitro, HG culture had significantly higher ROS production compared with control, which was downregulated by EMD. EMD treatment significantly recovered the impaired calcification in HG.ConclusionEMD promoted early‐phase wound healing and periodontal tissue regeneration in the surgically created bony defect of STZ‐induced diabetic rat by suppressing hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress.
Improved cold‐water detergency of malodourous soil correlating with hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation concept
Authors: Phaodee Parichat , Adamy Steven T. , Zehr Robert T. , Harwell Jeffrey H. , Grady Brian P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe persistence of sebum after low‐water‐temperature washing can contribute to malodor and microbial growth during subsequent use; thus, this work focuses on improved sebum removal. The detergency of sebum at various hydrophobic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) values was performed using 0.1 w/v% C12‐13‐8PO‐SO4Na and C8‐4PO‐1EO‐SO4Na at 1:1 molar ratio. The detergency of synthetic sebum on 87/13 polyester/spandex was relatively poor (70% removal) at HLD = 0. Various additives (heptanol, dipropylene glycol n‐butyl ether, decyltrimethyl ammonium bromide or sodium benzoate) were explored and it was found that none of them could facilitate sebum removal on the 87/13 polyester/spandex surface. On the other hand, adding low molecular weight primary amines (ethylene diamine, or monoethanolamine [MEA]) in the surfactant system without salt showed sebum removal of 70%–80% depending on the amine molecule. Adding MEA as a detergency additive with salt appeared to achieve good detergency (>80% removal) at all studied HLD numbers between −1.0 and 1.1 and the maximum detergency (approximately 90% removal) was observed at the optimum formulation (HLD = 0). The formulation pH with added MEA decreased from 11 to roughly 9. Detergency performance with added MEA was not dependent on pH within the studied basic conditions. The principal cold water sebum removal mechanism was found to be detachment of solid sebum fractions, dispersed in the detergent bath or floating on the bath surface.
Reevaluating a non‐conventional procedure to microencapsulate beneficial lactobacilli: assessments on yield and bacterial viability under simulated technological and physiological conditions
Authors: García María J , Ruíz Francesca , Asurmendi Paula , Pascual Liliana , Barberis Lucila 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaintaining viability of beneficial microorganisms applied to foods still constitutes an industrial challenge. Many microencapsulation methodologies have been studied to protect probiotic microorganisms and ensure their resistance from manufacturing through to consumption. However, in many Latin‐American countries such as Argentina there are still no marketed food products containing microencapsulated beneficial bacteria. The objectives of this work were: (i) to obtain microcapsules containing Lactobacillus fermentum L23 and L. rhamnosus L60 in a milk protein matrix; and (ii) to evaluate the viability of microencapsulated lactobacilli exposed to long‐term refrigerated storage, mid–high temperatures and simulated gastrointestinal conditions.RESULTSThe method of emulsification/rennet‐catalyzed gelation of milk proteins used in this study led to high encapsulation yields for both strains (98.2–99%). Microencapsulated lactobacilli remained viable for 120 days at 4 °C, while free lactobacilli gradually lost their viability under the same conditions. Microencapsulation increased the resistance of lactobacilli to mid–high temperatures, since they showed survival rates of 95–99.3% at 50 °C, and of 72.5–74.4% at 65 °C. Under simulated gastric conditions, the microencapsulated lactobacilli counts were higher than 8.5 log CFU mL−1 and showed survival rates between 96.61% and 97.74%. Furthermore, in the presence of bile (0.5–2% w/v) the survival of microencapsulated strains was higher than 96%.CONCLUSIONThe microencapsulation process together with the matrix of milk proteins used in this study protected beneficial Lactobacillus strains against these first simulated technological and physiological conditions. These findings suggest that this microencapsulation method could contribute to secure optimal amounts of living lactobacilli cells able to reach the intestine. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.