bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term hypogonadism diminishes the neuroprotective effects of dietary genistein in young adult ovariectomized rats after transient focal ischemia
Authors: Oppong‐Gyebi Anthony , Metzger Daniel , Doan Trinh , Han Jordan , Vann Phillip H. , Yockey R. Andrew , Sumien Nathalie , Schreihofer Derek A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing age disproportionately increases the risk of stroke among women compared to men of similar age, especially after menopause. One of the reasons for this observation is a sharp drop in circulating estrogens. However, the timing of initiation of estrogen replacement after menopause is associated with mixed beneficial and detrimental effects, hence contributing to widespread mistrust of estrogen use. Agents including soy isoflavones are being assessed as viable alternatives to estrogen therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that the neuroprotective effects of genistein, a soy isoflavone are less sensitive to the length of hypogonadism in young adult ovariectomized rats following cerebral ischemia. We expected that long‐term hypogonadism will worsen motor and cognitive function, increase post‐stroke inflammation with no effect on the neuroprotection of genistein. We compared the effect of treatment with dietary genistein (GEN) on short‐term (2 weeks) and long‐term hypogonadism (12 weeks) in young adult ovariectomized Sprague–Dawley rats on sensorimotor function, cognition and inflammation after focal ischemia. Dorsal Silastic implant of 17β‐estradiol (E2) was used as a control for hormone therapy. Long‐term hypogonadism stroked rats performed worse than the short‐term hypogonadism stroked rats on the motor and cognitive function tests. GEN did not improve neurological assessment and motor learning after either short‐term or long‐term hypogonadism. GEN improved cognitive flexibility after short‐term hypogonadism but not after the long‐term. Both GEN and E2 reduced tissue loss after short‐term hypogonadism and reduced GFAP expression at the contralateral side of ischemia after long‐term hypogonadism. The length of hypogonadism may differentially influence the neuroprotective effects of both GEN and E2 on the motor and cognitive functions in young adult rats.
When foreign waves hit home shores: Organizational identification in psychological contract breach–violation relationships during international assignments
Authors: Schuster Tassilo , Bader Benjamin , Bader Anna Katharina , Rousseau Denise M. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn the context of international assignments, this study investigates the psychological contract breach–violation relationship from a multiparty employment perspective. Multiparty employment refers to arrangements where employees have concurrent psychological contracts with more than one party. Drawing on two waves of survey data from 221 expatriates, we find both direct relationships and asymmetric spillover effects of psychological contract breach on violation. Psychological contract breach by either the home or host organization is directly linked to psychological contract violation by the breaching party. Additionally, spillover effects occur such that a breach by the host predicts psychological contract violation by the home organization, though not the reverse. These relationships are shaped by the expatriates' organizational identification. Identification with the host buffers the direct effect between breach and violation by the host, while dual organizational identification mitigates the direct effect between breach and violation by the home organization. Identification with the home organization diminishes the spillover effect from host breach to home organization violation. The opposite, identification with the host, amplifies the spillover effect of host breach to home organization violation. By examining the distinct dynamics of home and host organization contract breach and violation, we develop theoretical implications for understanding PCs in multiparty work arrangements.
Angiopoietin‐like protein 2 deficiency promotes periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss
Authors: Jiang Chenxi , Yao Siqi , Guo Yi , Ma Li , Wang Xiaoxuan , Chen Yuan , Zhang Huihui , Cao Zhengguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman periodontitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease that leads to connective tissue degradation, alveolar bone resorption, and tooth loss. Angiopoietin‐like 2 (ANGPTL2) regulates chronic inflammation in various diseases and is functionally involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting tissue regeneration, but there is limited information about its function in periodontitis. Here we investigated the expression and explicit role of ANGPTL2 in periodontitis.MethodsImmunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were used to detect the ANGPTL2 expression in periodontal tissues and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). A ligature‐induced periodontitis model was generated in wild‐type and ANGPTL2 knockout mice. qRT‐PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cultured PDLCs. Western blot was performed to detect proteins in relevant signaling pathways.ResultsIncreased ANGPTL2 expression was observed in inflamed periodontal tissues and PDLCs. ANGPTL2 deficiency promoted alveolar bone loss with enhanced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory reactions in ligature‐induced periodontitis. Downregulation of ANGPTL2 remarkably enhanced expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, MMP1, and MMP13 inPorphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharide‐induced PDLCs, whereas ANGPTL2‐overexpressing PDLCs showed opposite trends. ANGPTL2 downregulation activated STAT3 and nuclear factor‐κB pathways and blocked Akt signaling under inflammatory environment. Treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor partially suppressed the inflammatory reaction of PDLCs mediated by ANGPTL2 knockdown.ConclusionsOur study provides the first evidence of an anti‐inflammatory effect of ANGPTL2 in murine periodontitis. The findings demonstrate the critical and protective role of ANGPTL2 in alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation.
Trace determination of antifungal drugs in biological fluids through a developed approach of hydrogel‐based spin‐column micro‐solid‐phase extraction followed by LC‐MS/MS analysis
Authors: Manouchehri Mahshid , Seidi Shahram , Naseri Mohammad Taghi , Rouhollahi Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present research, a blended polyacrylamide‐chitosan hydrogel was synthesized. For the first time, the prepared sorbent was efficiently employed in a hydrogel‐based spin‐column setup as a promising format. The proposed method was applied for monitoring the trace amounts of ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole in blood samples. Effective adsorption and desorption parameters were optimized using a central composite design and the one‐variable‐at‐a‐time method. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 15.0–1000.0, 1.0–1000.0, and 2.0–1000.0 ng mL–1 for ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole, respectively, along with intra‐ and interday precision less than 8.4%. Limits of detection were obtained between 0.2 and 5.0 ng mL–1. The preconcentration factors were found in the range of 5.9–7.8. The introduced method was successfully applied for micro‐solid‐phase extraction of trace amounts of target antifungal drugs in blood samples, followed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Satisfactory relative recoveries of 94.5–103.5% were obtained, implying method reliability. Overall, the proposed method provides good accuracy and repeatability, high reusability, and good applicability to determine antifungal drugs in complex biological matrices.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of First‐Trimester Fetal Brain Ultrasound Images
Authors: Gofer Stav , Haik Oren , Bardin Ron , Gilboa Yinon , Perlman Sharon 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of machine learning (ML) tools for segmenting and classifying first‐trimester fetal brain ultrasound images.MethodsTwo image segmentation methods processed high‐resolution fetal brain images obtained during the nuchal translucency scan: “Statistical Region Merging” (SRM) and “Trainable Weka Segmentation” (TWS), with training and testing sets in the latter. Measurement of the fetal cerebral cortex in original and processed images served to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used as an accuracy index of the segmentation processing.ResultsThe SRM plugin revealed a total MAPE of 1.71% ± 1.62 SD (standard deviation) and a MAPE of 1.4% ± 1.32 SD and 2.72% ± 2.21 SD for the normal and increased NT groups, respectively. The TWS plugin displayed a MAPE of 1.71% ± 0.59 SD (testing set). There were no significant differences between the training and testing sets after 5‐fold cross‐validation. The images obtained from normal NT fetuses and increased NT fetuses revealed a MAPE of 1.52% ± 1.02 SD and 2.63% ± 1.98 SD.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the feasibility of using ML algorithms to classify first‐trimester fetal brain ultrasound images and lay the foundation for earlier diagnosis of fetal brain abnormalities.
Identifying the flow paths and beneficiary ranges of the sand fixation service: A case‐study in Xilingol League, China
Authors: Xu Duanyang , Zhang Yue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sand fixation service (SFS) is a function of vegetation ecosystems whereby sand is restrained and stabilized. It not only generates ecological benefits for local areas but also affects circulation media such as wind and has an impact on surrounding areas. Therefore, it is urgent to study the flow process and influence of the SFS, so as to provide a theoretical basis for cross‐regional ecological compensation. We chose Xilingol League (shorten as "Xilingol") as the study area and used the hybrid single‐particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to comprehensively identify the spatial flow paths (FPs) and beneficiary ranges (BRs) of the SFS from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that there were 726 FPs of the SFS, which were mainly distributed in spring, accounting for 63.50% of the total FPs. The total area of the BRs was 279.50 × 104 km2, accounting for 29.15% of China's land area. The high‐frequency BRs were mainly distributed in the southeast of Inner Mongolia, northern Hebei, northern Liaoning, northern Beijing, and northwestern Jilin. In terms of BRs, farmland was the largest (92.09 × 104 km2) land cover type, accounting for 34.51% of the total area of the BRs, and the total beneficiary population and gross domestic product accounting for 44.53% and 50.06% of whole China in 2015. Identification of FPs and BRs of SFS in this study could provide a reference to make ecology compensation policy at national level.
Impact assessment of land cover and land use changes on soil erosion changes (2005–2015) in Pakistan
Authors: Gilani Hammad , Ahmad Adeel , Younes Isma , Abbas Sawaid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbrupt changes in climatic conditions, exploitation of natural resources, and land degradation exacerbate soil erosion. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of soil erosion dynamics in Pakistan for 2005 and 2015 at 1 km2 spatial resolution using six influencing factors: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope‐length (L), slope‐steepness (S), cover management (C), and conservation practice (P). The well‐accepted revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was implemented to estimate soil erosion. The soil erosion maps were categorized into four classes: low (<1), medium (1–5), high (5–20), and very high (>20) — and transitions among these classes were determined by applying the change matrix method to assess soil erosion (ton ha‐1 yr‐1) changes from 2005 to 2015. Furthermore, spatial patterns and soil erosion dynamics were evaluated for seven administrative units of Pakistan to examine conservation efforts and ecosystem services. Major findings of this study indicate, that at the national scale, an estimated soil erosion of 1.79 ± 11.52 ton ha‐1 yr‐1 in 2005, which increased to 2.47 ± 18.14 ton ha‐1 yr‐1 in 2015. This intensification of soil erosion is coupled with land cover and land use changes (LCLUC) due to population expansion, infrastructural development, and exploitation of natural resources. This study's analytical framework and outcomes could be used for developing effective conservation policies to control soil erosion at various spatial scales in Pakistan.
Bidirectional coupling between land‐use change and desertification in arid areas: A study contrasting intracoupling and telecoupling
Authors: Li Dajing , Xu Erqi , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn arid areas, land‐use change interacts with desertification through water resources. Since water is flowing, the interaction between land‐use change and desertification is not only local, but also regional. Previous studies have focused on the unidirectional influence of land‐use change on desertification, but little research has quantitatively examined the bidirectional coupling, especially contrasting the difference between intracoupling (interactions within a sub‐catchment) and telecoupling (interactions across different sub‐catchments) within a hydraulically linked watershed. To solve this issue, we introduced a vector autoregressive model and designed a strategy from intracoupling to telecoupling to examine the interactions between them in the Tarim River. In intracoupling, a negative relationship was found in most areas. The increase of the land‐use degree inhibits the desertification expansion, and this inhibition degree in the short term increases with the desertification degree. Conversely, the effect of desertification on land use is relatively smaller, and the feedback direction is related to land‐use degree. The region with a relatively low farmland exploitation intensity shows negative feedback and vice versa. In telecoupling, a positive relationship was found: Increasing land‐use degree in upstream sub‐catchment aggravates the desertification expansion in midstream and downstream sub‐catchments. Regarding the opposing unidirectional effect, after desertification expansion in midstream and downstream sub‐catchments, humans will slow down land exploitation in the upstream sub‐catchment, but this behaviour has a certain time lag. This study demonstrates that the special relationship found in telecoupling should be considered in the model development of desertification and land‐use simulation.
Assimilation and oxidation of urea‐derived nitrogen in the summer Arctic Ocean
Authors: Shiozaki Takuhei , Hashihama Fuminori , Endo Hisashi , Ijichi Minoru , Takeda Noriko , Makabe Akiko , Fujiwara Amane , Nishino Shigeto , Harada Naomi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUrea sinks are mainly associated with assimilation by phytoplankton. However, recent studies have shown that there is a process by which nitrifiers convert urea‐derived nitrogen (urea‐N) into nitrate. We examined these two processes in the shelf and off‐shelf regions of the Arctic Ocean. Urea concentration was high near the bottom in the shelf region, while it was depleted throughout the water column in the off‐shelf region. Urea‐N assimilation was generally higher in the upper euphotic zone than the lower euphotic zone. By contrast, urea‐N oxidation was low in the upper euphotic zone and increased with depth. These results indicate that urea sinks consist of a two‐layer system. We further examined the organisms involved in urea‐N oxidation and found a dominance of shallow clade ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, whose abundance was low in the upper euphotic zone and increased with depth. The abundances of archaeal ureC and amoA genes of shallow clade ammonia‐oxidizing archaea were well correlated (ρ = 0.96, Spearman's correlation), suggesting that most of shallow clade ammonia‐oxidizing archaea could use urea as a source of ammonia oxidation. However, we found that the urea‐N oxidation rate often exceeded the ammonia oxidation rate while kinetics experiments suggested that ammonia oxidizers use urea less actively than ammonia. Network analyses indicated that ammonia oxidizers were closely related to other prokaryotes with the ability to decompose urea. These results suggested that ammonia‐oxidizing archaea may not necessarily use urea‐N directly.
Full Complex‐Amplitude Modulation of Second Harmonic Generation with Nonlinear Metasurfaces
Authors: Hao Zelin , Liu Wenwei , Li Zhancheng , Li Zhi , Geng Guangzhou , Wang Yanchun , Cheng Hua , Ahmed Hammad , Chen Xianzhong , Li Junjie , Tian Jianguo , Chen Shuqi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces have shown unprecedented capabilities and flexibilities for optical wave manipulation, which provide a powerful platform for the integration and minimization of multifunctional optical devices. However, the realization of the multidimensional manipulation of harmonic waves generated by nonlinear metasurfaces is still a challenge due to the lack of a theoretical guidance. Here, an efficient design strategy of nonlinear metasurfaces based on the hydrodynamic model of the free electron dynamics is demonstrated to realize the full complex‐amplitude modulation of the second harmonic generation (SHG). As a proof concept, three multifunctional nonlinear metasurfaces are designed, in which both the amplitude and the phase of the SHG waves are efficiently and independently manipulated. With numerical and experimental validations, the proposed nonlinear metasurfaces can realize the spin‐selective SHG optical vortices with independent topological charges. The design strategy of nonlinear metasurfaces shall boost the applications of nonlinear metasurfaces in optical information, optical multifunctional integration, and so on.
The Regenerative Role of Gelatin in PLLA Electrospun Membranes for the Treatment of Chronic Massive Rotator Cuff Injuries
Authors: Liu Chang , Jiang Shihai , Wu Yu , Liu Libiao , Su Shouwen , Liang Tangzhao , He Ronghan , Guo Zeyue , Zhang Yuanyuan , Lin Zhidong , Niu Wei , Zhu Lei , Xu Tao , Wang Kun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFailing to regenerate native tendon tissue in chronic massive rotator cuff tears (CMRCTs) results in high retear rates after surgery. Gelatin is a hydrolyzed form of collagen which is bioactive and biocompatible. This study intends to investigate the suitability of integrating gelatin to poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) fibrous membranes for promoting the healing of CMRCTs. PLLA/Gelatin electrospun membranes (PGEM) are fabricated using electrospinning technology. The fourier transform infrared, static contact angles are tested sequentially. Cytocompatibility is evaluated with rat tendon fibroblasts and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUEVCs) lines. CMRCTs rat models are established and assigned into three groups (the sham group, the repaired group, and the augmentation group) to perform histomorphological and biomechanical evaluations. Gelatin is successfully integrated into PLLA fibrous membranes by the electrospinning technique. In vitro studies indicate that PGEM shows a great cytocompatibility for rat tendon fibroblasts and HUEVCs. In vivo studies find that applications of PGEM significantly promote well‐aligned collagen I fibers formation and enhance biomechanical properties of the repaired tendon in CMRCTs rat models. In summary, gelatin promotes tendon fibroblasts and HUEVCs adhesion, migration, and proliferation on the PLLA fibrous membranes, and PGEM may provide a great prospect for clinical application.
Polymer‐Induced Inversion of the Li+ Drift Direction in Ionic Liquid‐Based Ternary Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Rosenwinkel Mark P. , Schönhoff Monika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile salt‐in‐ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes provide a promising alternative to organic electrolytes, they suffer from large ionic clusters impeding lithium ion transport. Here, a lithium‐coordinating polymer is added and the transition from salt‐in‐IL to IL‐based ternary polymer gel electrolytes is followed, investigating the influence of the composition on Li transport mechanisms. The electrolyte is composed of the salt lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA), the IL 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr14) TFSA, and a variable amount of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Impedance spectroscopy, multinuclear (1H, 7Li, and 19F) diffusion NMR and electrophoretic NMR (eNMR) yield electrophoretic mobilities, transference numbers, partial conductivities, and effective charges of all ionic species. As the polymer fraction increases, the lithium ion drift direction is inverted. The sign reversal of Li+ mobility and transference number occurs at the optimum coordination of 5–6 ethylene oxide units per Li+ ion. The dominant Li+ transport mechanism shifts from a vehicular transport via anionic clusters to chain‐dominated transport mechanisms. It is concluded that the lithium transport properties of IL‐based electrolytes can be vastly improved by the addition of PEO. Tuning the composition of the ternary electrolyte reveals optimal Li+ transport properties at moderately high polymer contents as well as high salt concentrations.
Characterization of Lifestyle in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 and Association with Disease Severity
Authors: Hengel Holger , Martus Peter , Faber Jennifer , Garcia‐Moreno Hector , Solanky Nita , Giunti Paola , Klockgether Thomas , Reetz Kathrin , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Pereira de Almeida Luís , Santana Magda M. , Januário Cristina , Silva Patrick , Thieme Andreas , Infante Jon , de Vries Jeroen , Lima Manuela , Ferreira Ana F. , Bushara Khalaf , Jacobi Heike , Onyike Chiadi , Schmahmann Jeremy D. , Hübener‐Schmid Jeannette , Synofzik Matthis , Schöls Ludger 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLifestyle could influence the course of hereditary ataxias, but representative data are missing.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize lifestyle in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and investigate possible associations with disease parameters.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, data on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, physiotherapy, and body mass index (BMI) were collected from 243 patients with SCA3 and 119 controls and tested for associations with age of onset, disease severity, and progression.ResultsCompared with controls, patients with SCA3 were less active and consumed less alcohol. Less physical activity and alcohol abstinence were associated with more severe disease, but not with progression rates or age of onset. Smoking, BMI, or physiotherapy did not correlate with disease parameters.ConclusionDifferences in lifestyle factors of patients with SCA3 and controls as well as associations of lifestyle factors with disease severity are likely driven by the influence of symptoms on behavior. No association between lifestyle and disease progression was detected. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society