bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity Analysis of Biomass Combustion Particles in Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells on an Air-Liquid Interface/Dynamic Culture Platform
Authors: Ke Shaorui , Liu Qi , Zhang Xinlian , Yao Yuhan , Yang Xudong , Sui Guodong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundExposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels combustion is associated with lung diseases and cancer. This study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of biomass combustion-derived particles in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) using a platform that combines air-liquid-interface (ALI) and dynamic culture (DC) systems.MethodsHPAEpiC were cultured on the surface of polycarbonate (PC) membranes in ALI-DC platform. The top surface of cells was sprayed with a solution of biomass combustion soluble constituents (BCSCs) and simultaneously nourished with medium flowing from below PC membranes. BCSC particles' morphology and dosages deposited on the chip was determined for particle characterization. A flow cytometer, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to investigate the apoptosis of HPAEpiC and the changes in the ultrastructure of HPAEpiC induced by BCSCs. Additionally, the underlying apoptotic pathway was studied through the determination of the protein expression levels by western blotting.ResultsScanning electron microscope (SEM) results demonstrated that the sample processing and delivering approach were very suitable for pollutant exposure of the platform. The decline in cell viability and increase in apoptosis rate after exposure to similar doses of BCSCs were more under ALI-DC conditions than under submerged conditions. This indicated that the ALI-DC platform is a superior system for investigating cytotoxicity of indoor air pollutants in lung cells. The morphology and ultrastructure of the cells were damaged after exposure to BCSCs. Our results demonstrated that the p53 pathway was activated after exposure of cells cultured using this platform to BCSCs. This further decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio thereby activating the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which in turn induced apoptosis in HPAEpiC. Additionally, antioxidants (N-acetyl-cysteine; NAC) could significantly alleviate the cytotoxicity induced by BCSCs.ConclusionsA novel ALI-DC platform was successfully presented to study cytotoxicity of air pollution on lung cells. Based on the platform, the BCSCs was demonstrated that it could damage mitochondria, produce ROS, and activate p53 in HPAEpiC. Furthermore, BCSCs decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and efficiently upregulated the expression of cleaved caspases-9 and − 3, ultimately inducing apoptosis.
Evolution of pectin-synthesis-relevant galacturonosyltransferase gene family and its expression during cotton fiber development
Authors: Senmiao FAN , Aiying LIU , Xianyan ZOU , Zhen ZHANG , Qun GE , Wankui GONG , Junwen LI , Juwu GONG , Yuzhen SHI , Xiaoying DENG , Tingting JIA , Youlu YUAN , Haihong SHANG 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pectin is a key substance involved in cell wall development, and the galacturonosyltransferases (GAUTs) gene family is a critical participant in the pectin synthesis pathway. Systematic and comprehensive research on GAUTs has not been performed in cotton. Analysis of the evolution and expression patterns of the GAUT gene family in different cotton species is needed to increase knowledge of the function of pectin in cotton fiber development.Results: In this study, we identified 131 GAUT genes in the genomes of four Gossypium species (G. raimondii, G. barbadense, G. hirsutum, and G. arboreum), and classified them as GAUT-A, GAUT-B and GAUT-C. Among them, 15 GAUT genes encoded proteins (GAUT1 to GAUT15). All GAUT family genes except for the gene GAUT7 coding contained a consevrved Glyco_transf_8 domain (H-DN-A-SVV-S-V-H-T-F). The consevrved sequences of GAUT7 was a PLN (phospholamban) 02769 domain, categorized as a probable galacturonosyltransferase. According to cis-elemet analysis, GAUT genes expression may be regulated by hormones such as JA, GA, SA, ABA, Me-JA and IAA. The evolution and expression patterns of the GAUT gene family in different cotton species and the expression levels in upland cotton materials having different fiber strengths were analyzed. Peak expression of GhGAUT genes was observed before 15DPA; in the six materials with high fiber strength, the expression was concentrated from 10 to 15DPA; while the highest expression in low fiber strength materials was detected between 5 and 10 DPA. The results presented in this paper lays the foundation for future research on gene function during cotton fiber development.Conclusions: The GAUT gene family may affect cotton fiber development, including fiber elongation and fiber thickening. In the low-strength-fiber lines, GAUTs mainly participate in fiber elongation, whereas their major effect on cotton with high-strength fiber is related to both elongation and thickening.
Role of microbubbles coupling fibrous-bed bioreactor in butyric acid production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum using Brewer’s spent grain as feedstock
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhao Linqi , Sun Gaoya , Jiang Jing , Chen Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Microbubbles coupling fermentation is an efficient technology for improving oxygen transfer to aerobic microorganisms in a bioreactor containing an air sparger. However, the effect of this technology on anaerobic Clostridium tyrobutyricum, whose morphology develops viscous broth rheology and lumps impeding the nutrient mass transfer, has not been reported yet. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the role of microbubbles coupling fibrous-bed bioreactor (MBFBB) on butyrate production by immobilized Clostridium tyrobutyricum cells obtained from renewable feedstock brewer’s spent grain (BSG). Results: Compared with the conventional FBB fermentation, two-fold shorter fermentation time and two-fold higher butyrate productivity were achieved by MBFBB-immobilized C. tyrobutyricum cells. Furthermore, long-term stability and reliability for butyrate production were obtained in ten cycle process using BSG hydrolysate. Finally, fed-batch fermentation using BSG hydrolysate produced a high butyrate titer of 43.68 g/L, with a significantly higher selectivity of 11.67, reducing the production cost of downstream processing. The results indicated that butyrate productivity of 4.21 and 4.36 g/L·h were successfully obtained in BSG and glucose medium, thereby representing the highest productivity reported to date in C. tyrobutyricum. To our knowledge, this is also the first report related to microbial production of butyrate from brewer’s spent grain.Conclusion: The MBFBB-based fermentation process with BSG is a robust and ecofriendly technique, which would provide insights into future development of commercial biobutyrate production for the animal feed supplement market.
Late Complications of Vascular Trauma of the Extremities in Civilian Practice: A 10 Year Experience in Cameroon
Authors: Fokou Marcus , Teyang Abel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To describe the different presentations, diagnostic evaluations, managements and outcome of late complications of vascular trauma of the extremities (LCVTE) in civilian practice . Methodology: All the patients with LCVTE who reported at the Yaounde General Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were included. Patients presenting with acute vascular injuries, neck vessels injuries and iatrogenic lesions or late complications of vascular access for hemodialysis were excluded. All cases were evaluated with either ultrasound and or Computer tomography and managed with various open vascular surgical techniques and their results were assessed. Results: Fifteen patients with 17 LCVTE underwent various vascular repairs. There were 2 females and 13 males.The age range was from 8 monyhs to 54 years with a mean age of 30.28 . The time interval between injury and presentation in the hospital was 3 weeks to 15 years with a mean of 3 months. Penetrating injuries secondary to stabs were the commonest cause in 94.11%. Lower limbs vessels were affected in 12/17 (70.58%), with Superficial femoral artery being the most frequently involved artery in 6(35.29 %) cases. Sixteen (94.11%) patients presented with pseudoaneurysm, 1 with solely traumatic arteriovenous fistulae. Some pseudoaneurysms presented with complications such as infection (2 cases), bleeding (3 cases) and rupture with hypovolemic choc (1 case). The only non vascular injuries associated were were 1 brachial plexus injury and 1 fracture of the distal femur shaft For the 15 lesions who underwent surgery, the most frequent surgical techniques used were, simple suturing ( 66.66 %); followed by resection and termino-terminal anastomoses (26.66%) Unfortunately one post operative mortality was registered. After a follow-up from 6 months to 10 years no late complications was detected (No recurrence, no wound infection). Only the patient with the brachial plexus injury ended up with a flail limb that didn’t improve and the patient with femoral fracture with a shortening of the limb.Conclusion: Penetrating wounds secondary to stabs were the main injuries and pseudoaneurysm was the most common late complication. Ameliorating the management environment could reduce the morbidity.
The Role of Age in the Physiological Adaptations and Psychological Responses in Bikini-Physique Competitor Contest Preparation: A Case Series
Authors: Newmire Dan , Webb Heather E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Even with the increased popularity of the bikini-physique division within bodybuilding, there is minimal observational research identifying the influence of age on typical adaptations during contest preparation. The purpose of this case series was to observe how age may influence the adaptations normally seen during preparation and the exploration of newer protocols to address adaptations more relative to the judging standards. Over a 16-week pre-contest preparation, a 32-y bikini competitor (BC) and 44-y master’s bikini competitor (MBC) visited the laboratory bi-weekly to observe changes in body fat mass (BF), lean body mass (LBM), bone mineral density (BMD), total body water (TBW); exploratory measures of deltoid cross-sectional area (DeltCSA), gluteus maximus muscle thickness (GMMT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SAT); reproductive hormones estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and energy balance hormones triiodothyronine (T3), leptin and ghrelin; hydration status during contest preparation and during the week of competition; resting metabolic rate (RMR); psychometric data related to perceived anxiety, stress, and body image were assessed. No differences between BC and MBC were observed in BF, LBM, BMD, and TBW. Both competitors showed a small loss in LBM. Both BC and MBC showed a contrasting increase in DeltCSA and a loss in GMMT. MBC showed to be slightly more dehydrated (1.025 vs 1.021 g⋅mL− 1) than BC. Both competitors maintained a euhydration status the day of the competition. No time differences were found between BC and MBC during RMR. BC showed a higher mean difference RMR compared to MBC (2.66 ± 0.75 kcal⋅kgLBM− 1⋅d− 1). MBC showed a higher mean difference LH concentration (84.6 ± 6.01 IU⋅L− 1), which may be explained by perimenopausal status. MBC had a higher mean difference concentration of leptin (2.51 ± 0.24 ng⋅mL− 1⋅kgFM− 1), which was unperturbed by fat loss may be interrelated LH. BC self-reported a higher mean difference energy intake (15.07 ± 3.43 kcal⋅kgLBM− 1⋅d− 1) and higher aerobic training volume (93.26 ± 40.68 min⋅d). BC and MBC showed similar composition changes, slightly differing metabolic rates, and differing hormonal LH and leptin responses. This finding is in contrast to previous work showing both LH inhibition and leptin diurnal disturbance in younger, female athletes with low energy availability. The exploratory measures may have some benefit for bikini-physique competitors related to the judging criteria. Age did not seem to play a role in contest preparation adaptations.
Limited predictive power of DAT mRNA mappings for DAT protein expressions
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Seo Seongho , Lee Myung Jun , Im Hyung-Jun , Kim Keunyoung , Kim In Joo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Dopamine transporter (DAT) is a transmembrane protein that translocates dopamine from the extracellular space into the presynaptic neurons. We aimed to investigate the predictive power of DAT mRNA for DAT protein expression measured from positron emission tomography (PET).
Methods

Thirty-five healthy subjects were imaged with 18F-FP-CIT PET. Binding potential (BPND) from ventral striatum, caudate nucleus, putamen, middle frontal, orbitofrontal, cingulate, parietal, temporal cortices were measured. DAT gene expression investigated in this study was obtained from the freely available Allen Human Brain Atlas (www.brain-map.org) derived from 6 healthy donors.
Results

PET-derived BPNDs from 35 subjects, and DAT mRNA expressions of 6 probes from 6 subjects were included in this study. The auto-correlation of PET-derived BPNDs for DAT was intermediate (mean 𝛒2 = 0.6588) with 𝛒2 ranging from 0.0811 to 1. However, the auto-correlation of mRNA expression was weak across the probes with mean 𝛒2 from 0.0889 to 0.2263. Cross-correlations between PET-derived BPNDs, and mRNA expression were weak with mean 𝛒2 ranging from 0.0011 to 0.2220 across the probes.
Conclusion

we observed weak associations between DAT mRNA expressions, and DAT protein expressions in human brains. Therefore, there might be a limited predictive power of DAT mRNA mappings for DAT protein expressions in humans.
Landing Biomechanics During a Single-leg Landing With Lateral Trunk Obliquity in Female Athletes
Authors: Taniguchi Shohei , Ishida Tomoya , Yamanaka Masanori , Ueno Ryo , Ikuta Ryohei , Chijimatsu Masato , Samukawa Mina , Koshino Yuta , Kasahara Satoshi , Tohyama Harukazu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lateral trunk obliquity during landing is one of the characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes. Knee biomechanics during landing with lateral trunk obliquity may be different between female and male subjects. The purpose of the present study was to compare kinetics and kinematics in female subjects during landing with lateral trunk obliquity with those in male subjects.Methods: Fifteen female (age 22.0 ± 1.6 years) and 15 male subjects (age 21.7 ± 1.1 years) participated in this study. The subjects performed a single-leg landing from a 30-cm-high box. Subjects were instructed to keep inclining their trunk to landing leg side at 15° from vertical line. Kinetics and kinematics of their hip and knee joints were analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system with a force plate and compared between female and male subjects.Results: There were no significant differences in the angle of the laterally inclined trunk at initial contact (IC) and at the time of peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) (P = 0.341, 0.363). The peak VGRF was smaller in female subjects than male subjects (P = 0.047). Hip adduction moment at the time of peak VGRF was significantly larger in female subjects than male subjects (P = 0.042). Hip external rotation of female subjects at IC was significantly larger than that of male subjects (P = 0.012). There were no differences in knee moments or kinematics between female and male subjects.Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that female athletes are considered to avoid excessive knee abduction moment during landing with lateral trunk obliquity by kinematic and kinetic changes in their hip joint. Therefore, sports-medicine specialists should take more notice of kinematics and kinetic behaviors around hip joint in order to prevent noncontact ACL injuries for female athletes.
Impact of Musculoskeletal Disorders on Healthy Life Expectancy in Japan
Authors: Ritsuno Yoshihiro , Kawado Miyuki , Morita Mitsuhiro , Yamada Harumoto , Kanaji Arihiko , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Hashimoto Shuji , Fujita Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the key cause of morbidity in elderly people. However, the exact clinical reasons for musculoskeletal disorders related to healthy life expectancy remain elusive. Hence, we aimed to estimate gains in healthy life expectancy from the elimination of musculoskeletal diseases and injuries by using recent national health statistics data in Japan. Methods: The present data were used from the population, life tables, and the number of deaths in Japan in 2016. Data regarding the activity and disease status of persons living at home were obtained from the 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions. We selected eight disorders including musculoskeletal diseases and injuries from the above data: rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis, low back pain, osteoporosis, fracture, malignant neoplasms, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. After eliminating each disorder, we calculated the prevalence of limitations in the activities of daily living (ADL) in the population after excluding outpatients with the disorder and ADL limitations, inpatients with the disorder in hospitals and clinics, and people with the disorder who reside in long-term elderly care facilities. The prevalence of non-ADL limitations in the population was calculated after excluding outpatients with the disorder and non-ADL limitations.Results: Musculoskeletal diseases and injuries generally decreased expected years at birth with activity limitations. In particular, eliminating low back pain and arthrosis decreased expected years at birth with activity limitation to the greatest extent in selected diseases and injuries (male: 0.9 years, female: 1.5 years). However, eliminating malignant neoplasms increased the expected years at birth with activity limitation (male: 1.3 years, female: 1.2 years). In addition, a combination of arthrosis and low back pain led to a moderate decrease in expected years with both ADL (male: 0.7 years, female: 1.1 years) and non-ADL limitations (male: 0.3 years, female: 0.4 years). In contrast, the elimination of malignant neoplasms increased the expected years with both ADL (male: 0.5 years, female: 0.3 years) and non-ADL limitations (male: 0.8 years, female: 0.9 years). Conclusions: These findings provide clinical evidence that low back pain and arthrosis are the key conditions that can be addressed to prolong healthy life expectancy.
Highly Ordered Hybrid Mesoporous Organosilica: An Exceptional Anchor for Pd Nanoparticles and Catalyst Nitroaromatic Reduction
Authors: Zebardasti Ali , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Doustkhah Esmail 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hybridization of mesoporous organosilica (MO) to reinforce the surface capability in adsorption and stabilization of noble metal nanoparticles are of great attention in generating noble metal-based catalysts. Here, we used a unique hybrid of organic-inorganic mesoporous silica which in pore profile pattern was similar to the well-known mesoporous silica, SBA-15. This hybrid mesoporous silica was further incorporated in the synthesis and stabilization of Pd nanoparticles on its surface and then, the obtained Pd supported MO, was employed as a heterogeneous green catalyst in the conversion of p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP) at room temperature with efficient recyclability.
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in China
Authors: Cui Zhiwen , Wang Lirui , Chang Wei , Li Minghui , Li Yuexia , Feng Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CR-KP) have become an important problem and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of CR-KP.Methods: A retrospective cohort study has been made on all patients presenting with CR-KP infections. 615 patients with CR-KP humor infections diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2019 were identified. 135 patients who did not meet the requirements were excluded, and the remaining 480 patients were enrolled in the study. We have evaluated the mortality in 30 days from the first positive culture. Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial regimens, and outcomes of patients have been analyzed.Results: The CR-KP infections overall mortality was 37.3%, and bloodstream infections mortality was 66.2%. Survival analysis revealed that there were statistically significant differences between bloodstream infection and pulmonary and drainage fluid infection. The gender, wards, and endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy before positive culture did not differ between the non-survivor and survivor groups. Logistics regression analysis showed that hemopathy, age (>60 years), solid tumors, diabetes, septic shock, acute kidney injury and stroke were independent predictors associated with the 30-day mortality. Multivariate linear regression was performed in APACHE II score, SOFA score, lymphocyte absolute value (LYM) and survival time. Survival time was negatively correlated with APACHE II score and SOFA score, while positively correlated with LYM. In addition, ROC curves were also drawn for APACHE II score, SOFA score and LYM, with AUC of 0.825, 0.876 and 0.797, respectively. Finally, we investigated different antimicrobial regimens for CR-KP infections. Chi-square test showed that antimicrobial regimen combined carbapenems, tigecycline with polymyxin B was superior the one combined carbapenems with polymyxin B, and the difference had statistically significant. But there was not statistically significant difference between carbapenems plus tigecycline and carbapenems plus polymyxin B, and it seemed that polymyxin B and tigecycline have synergistic effect. Ceftazidime avibactam-based antimicrobial regimens also had no advantage over other therapeutic regimens.Conclusions: Our study confirmed there is a high mortality rate in CR-KP infections, especially in the bloodstream infections. The outcome is greatly influenced by the patients’ clinical conditions. Antimicrobial regimen combined carbapenems, tigecycline with polymyxin B might be a better choice.