bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using interview surveys and multispecies occupancy models to inform vertebrate conservation
Authors: Pillay Rajeev , Miller David A. W. , Raghunath R. , Joshi Atul A. , Mishra Charudutt , Johnsingh A. J. T. , Madhusudan M. D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpecies distribution data are an essential biodiversity variable requiring robust monitoring to inform wildlife conservation. Yet, such data remain inherently sparse because of the logistical challenges of monitoring biodiversity across broad geographic extents. Surveys of people knowledgeable about the occurrence of wildlife provide an opportunity to evaluate species distributions and the ecology of wildlife communities across large spatial scales. We analyzed detection histories of 30 vertebrate species across the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India, obtained from a large‐scale interview survey of 2318 people who live and work in the forests of this region. We developed a multispecies occupancy model that simultaneously corrected for false‐negative (non‐detection) and false‐positive (misidentification) errors that interview surveys can be prone to. Using this model, we integrated data across species in composite analyses of the responses of functional species groups (based on disturbance tolerance, diet, and body mass traits) to spatial variation in environmental variables, protection, and anthropogenic pressures. We observed a positive association between forest cover and the occurrence of species with low tolerance of human disturbance. Protected areas were associated with higher occurrence for species across different functional groups compared with unprotected lands. We also observed the occurrence of species with low disturbance tolerance, herbivores, and large‐bodied species was negatively associated with developmental pressures, such as human settlements, energy production and mining, and demographic pressures, such as biological resource extraction. For the conservation of threatened vertebrates, our work underscores the importance of maintaining forest cover and reducing deforestation within and outside protected areas, respectively. In addition, mitigating a suite of pervasive human pressures is also crucial for wildlife conservation in one of the world's most densely populated biodiversity hotspots.
Supermajority provisions and shareholders wealth: Evidence from South Korea's natural experiment
Authors: Kim Hyeong Joon , Han Seung Hun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThe existing research continues to debate whether firms' anti‐takeover provisions enhance or harm shareholders' wealth. In this study, we examine the causal relation between the supermajority provision and shareholders' wealth by employing a quasi‐natural experiment: the two court rulings that weaken the anti‐takeover force of the supermajority provision in Korea, where the supermajority provision is the most widely used anti‐takeover provision.Research Findings/InsightsUsing market reactions around the two court rulings, we find that firms with a supermajority provision as their only anti‐takeover provision significantly underperform on average, compared with firms with no provision. This finding is robust to various empirical approaches that aim to address potential endogeneity concerns. We also find evidence that the supermajority provision plays a more significant role for firms with long‐term investments, higher complexity, or higher takeover threats. Furthermore, the second among the two court rulings appears to have a stronger impact on the firm value and institutional investors' selling compared with the first one, suggesting the reinforcing effect of similar court decisions.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur study contributes to the corporate governance literature by investigating the effect of the supermajority provisions on shareholders' wealth. While conventional wisdom holds that the anti‐takeover provisions harm shareholders' rights and wealth, our evidence from the quasi‐natural experiment in Korea suggests that the positive effect of the supermajority provision empirically dominates the negative effect. Overall, our study supports the value‐enhancing perspective on the supermajority provision, indicating that the Korean stock market views such a provision as inducing higher shareholders' wealth.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study highlights that a more contextual view of the relation between the anti‐takeover provisions and shareholders' wealth is necessary. Moreover, we suggest that a regulation prohibiting firms' anti‐takeover provisions might harm shareholders' wealth, but it appears that a firm‐specific approach should be considered.
Rare coral and reef fish species status, possible extinctions, and associated environmental perceptions in Mauritius
Authors: McClanahan Tim , Munbodhe Vikash , Naggea Josheena , Muthiga Nyawira , Bhagooli Ranjeet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMauritius is reported to have the highest marine species endemism in the Western Indian Ocean faunal Province but the status of these species has not been evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, 119 reef sites were sampled to evaluate populations of 16 species of rare and endemic reef fish and corals using scuba‐based surveys conducted by citizen scientists and marine science professionals. Additionally, we interviewed ~1,000 households in 27 coastal villages to determine their perceptions of the environmental concerns and rare and endemic marine species. In general, population numbers of both studied corals and fish were low and distributions were patchy, with little indication that the fisheries management zones were protecting these species. The Mauritian gregory and Mauritian anemonefish were the most abundant species. The Mauritian and Creole damselfishes, which are range‐restricted Mascarene endemics, were not observed and potentially extinct. Endemic fish and coral population numbers were higher on the leeward than windward side of the island. The leeward side has higher tourism use and conservation activities that could promote endemic conservation. Environmental concerns of interviewees were high but varied by district and their socioeconomic contexts. Respondents showed an overall concern for the environment and agreed that endemic and rare species had a right to survive. Nevertheless, these rare and endemic coral reef species are threatened by isolation and habitat loss combined with rapid climate and human resource use change. National and district‐specific plans of actions could help to secure their futures.
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma and p16 expression in acral melanocytic neoplasms
Authors: McBride Jeffrey D. , McAfee John L. , Piliang Melissa , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Fernandez Anthony P. , Ronen Shira , Billings Steven D. , Ko Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcral melanocytic neoplasms often pose diagnostic difficulty. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) expression and loss of p16 expression have diagnostic utility in melanocytic tumors. We examined PRAME and p16 expression in 30 acral melanocytic neoplasms (n = 11 nevi; n = 2 dysplastic nevi; n = 7 Spitz nevi; n = 10 acral melanomas). PRAME was scored as % positive nuclei: negative = 0%; 1% to 25% = 1+; 25% to 50% = 2+; 50% to 75% = 3+, or positive: 75% to 100% = 4+. p16 expression was defined as retained (homogeneous or checkerboard) or lost (complete or partial/regionally). PRAME expression was negative in all benign, dysplastic, and Spitz nevi. Conversely, all acral melanomas were diffusely (4+) positive for PRAME expression. p16 expression was retained in all benign acral nevi (8/11 homogeneous, 3/11 checkerboard), completely lost in one dysplastic nevus, and retained in all acral Spitz nevi (3/7 homogeneous, 4/7 checkerboard). p16 was retained in five of 10 acral melanomas (3/10 homogeneous; 2/10 checkerboard), and negative in five of 10 acral melanomas (absent in 3/10, partially lost in 2/10). Our data suggest that 4+ PRAME expression is highly sensitive and specific in the setting of acral melanomas and is a more predictive diagnostic tool compared with p16 immunohistochemistry.
Cross‐sectional study to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with laminitis in UK donkeys
Authors: Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. , Wakeel Frederica , Little Holly , Buil Jesus , Rickards Karen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaminitis causes lameness in donkeys, but its prevalence and factors associated with disease remain uncertain.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of and identify factors associated with laminitis in donkeys.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsAll donkeys at the Donkey Sanctuary, UK, October 2015 to March 2019 were included. For animals that had laminitis during this period, age, sex, weight, body condition score, and the onset date and type of each episode (first or recurrent, acute or chronic) were recorded. Additionally, management data, foot lesion score, endocrine data, other medical conditions, occurrence of foot trimming, surgical procedures, diagnostic imaging, behavioural modification therapy or movement between farms within the month prior were noted. Controls were animals that did not experience laminitis during this period and similar data were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression modelling assessed the differences between the control group and laminitis outcome groups (first, all laminitis, acute and chronic episodes).ResultsAltogether, 707 animals were included; 364 were control animals; 343 had a first episode of laminitis during the study period, of which 200/343 had no further episodes and 143/343 had recurrent episodes resulting in a total of 512 laminitis episodes and the period prevalence was 48.5% over 42 months. Overall, 180/512 (35%) laminitis episodes were acute and 332/512 (65%) were chronic. Compared with control animals, the laminitic outcome groups were significantly (P < .05) more likely to be younger (first episode), less likely to get extra feed (all four groups) or have an additional medical problem (first episode), and less likely to have undergone dental work, movement, imaging (all four groups) or surgery (first; all laminitis, chronic episodes) in the month preceding the episode.Main limitationsThese results may not be applicable to the wider donkey population.ConclusionsLaminitis commonly affects donkeys, but factors associated with donkey laminitis differ from those reported in horses.
Digitalization, accounting and accountability: A literature review and reflections on future research in public services
Authors: Agostino Deborah , Saliterer Iris , Steccolini Ileana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study discusses the current state of the art and future directions of research on digitalization, accountability, and accounting in public services. Through a systematic literature review, we investigate 232 articles published between 1998 and the first quarter of 2020. These studies are analyzed looking at the implications of the increasing digitalization of the public realm for the (i) production of data, (ii) consumption of data, and (iii) their subsequent effects. Based upon this analysis, we identify the following emerging critical digital accountability issues and related future research avenues: the potential for dialogic and horizontal, multicentric accountability; the blurring of accountability roles and boundaries; the increasing relevance of translation processes and translators’ roles—and the need to ensure accountability in such translations; the need to pay stronger attention to social equity and inclusivity implications of digitalization.
Postoperative direct‐acting antiviral treatment after liver resection in patients with hepatitis C virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tanaka Shogo , Shinkawa Hiroji , Tamori Akihiro , Takemura Shigekazu , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Ohira Go , Nishio Kohei , Tauchi Jun , Kinoshita Masahiko , Kawada Norifumi , Kubo Shoji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimWe investigated effects of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)–induced sustained virological response (SVR) after liver resection in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for postoperative recurrence and survival.MethodsSurgical outcomes in 18 patients with postoperative DAA‐induced SVR (HCC‐DAA group) were compared with those in 23 patients with preoperative DAA‐induced SVR (DAA‐HCC group) and those in 10 patients who did not receive DAA therapy (control group). Patients who received DAA therapy >1 year after surgery and those with recurrence <1 year after surgery were excluded.ResultsSerum concentrations of aminotransferases improved 1 year after surgery in both the HCC‐DAA and DAA‐HCC groups. The number of HCC‐DAA patients with albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade 1 increased from 11 to 15. The disease‐free survival rate did not differ between HCC‐DAA group (3 years, 60%) and the other two groups (DAA‐HCC group, 92% and control group, 60%). The 3‐year overall survival rates were better in the DAA‐HCC group (84%) and HCC‐DAA group (100%) than in the control group (46%; all ps < 0.05 according to Holm's test). Multivariable analysis revealed that tumor stage was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence, and ALBI grade at 1 year after surgery was predictive of postoperative survival, but DAA‐induced SVR was neither.ConclusionsAlthough postoperative DAA‐induced SVR itself may not suppress postoperative recurrence, improvement in liver function as a result of DAA administration after surgery may prolong postoperative survival.
Decrease of condom use in heterosexual couples and its impact on pregnancy rates: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Authors: Hachfeld Anna , Atkinson Andrew , Calmy Alexandra , de Tejada Begoña Martinez , Hasse Barbara , Paioni Paolo , Kahlert Christian R. , Boillat‐Blanco Noémie , Stoeckle Marcel , Aebi‐Popp Karoline ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, the Swiss Mother, Child HIV Cohort Study (MoCHiV)
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionFollowing the ‘Swiss statement’ in 2008 it became an option to omit the use of condoms in serodiscordant couples and to conceive naturally. We analysed its impact on condom use and pregnancy events.MethodsIn all, 3023 women (aged 18–49 years) participating in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study were included. Observation time was divided into pre‐ and post‐Swiss statement phases (July 2005–December 2008 and January 2009–December 2019). We used descriptive statistics, Poisson interrupted time series analysis for pregnancy incidence, and logistic regression to identify predictors of live births, spontaneous and induced abortions.ResultsCondomless sex in sexually active women increased from 25% in 2005 to 75% in 2019, while pregnancy incidence did not. Women after 2008 experienced higher spontaneous abortion rates (12.1% vs. 17.2%,p = 0.02) while induced abortion and live birth rates did not change significantly. Spontaneous abortions were more common in older women [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7,p < 0.001], in women consuming alcohol (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.9–4.1,p < 0.001) and in those with non‐suppressed viral load (aOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.4,p ≤ 0.001). Induced abortions were more likely in women with depression (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8–6.3,p < 0.001) and non‐suppressed viral load (aOR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7,p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe publication of the Swiss statement resulted in more condomless sex in heterosexual women, but this did not result in a higher incidence of pregnancy. Maternal age and spontaneous abortion rates increased over time, while induced abortion rates were not significantly affected. Women living with HIV in Switzerland have an unmet need regarding family planning counselling.
THE BREXIT VOTE, INFLATION AND U.K. LIVING STANDARDS
Authors: Breinlich Holger , Leromain Elsa , Novy Dennis , Sampson Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article studies how voting for Brexit affected living standards in the United Kingdom. Using heterogeneity in exposure to import costs across product groups, we analyze how the depreciation of sterling caused by the referendum affected consumer prices. We find that the Brexit depreciation led to higher inflation in product groups with greater import shares in consumer expenditure. Our results are consistent with complete pass‐through of import costs to consumer prices and imply aggregate exchange rate pass‐through of 0.29. We estimate the Brexit depreciation increased consumer prices by 2.9%, costing the average household £870 per year.
A nomogram prediction of pressure injury in critical ill patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Wen , Yu Xueshu , Jiang Hao , Wang Yumin , Ye Yincai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPressure injury (PI) is still a significant public health problem to be solved. Accurate prediction can lead to timely prophylaxis and therapy. However, the currently used Braden score shows insufficient predictive validity. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict PI development in critically ill patients. We extracted data from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐IV v1.0. Variable selection was based on univariate logistic regression and all‐subset regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of the nomogram and Braden score. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to identify and compare the clinical usefulness between the nomogram model and Braden score. We have developed a novel and practical nomogram that accurately predicts pressure ulcers. The AUC of the new model was better than that of the Braden score (P < .001). DCA showed that the nomogram model had a better net benefit than the Braden score at any given threshold. This finding needs to be confirmed by external validation as well as multicentre prospective studies.
Barriers to healthy eating among nurses working in hospitals: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Cheong Zu Yu , Lopez Violeta , Tam Wai San Wilson 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the barriers to healthy eating among nurses working in hospitals.DesignMeta‐synthesis.Data sourcesPublished and unpublished papers were identified through electronic searches on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, COCHRANE Library, Food Science and Technology Abstract, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and OpenGrey from inception until 6 September 2020. English‐language primary qualitative or mixed‐method studies on barriers to healthy eating among hospital nurses were included. Mixed‐method studies were eligible if their qualitative data were distinguishable. Studies on nursing assistants, enrolled nurses, nursing students, and patient‐care assistants were excluded, as well as studies without full‐texts, correlational studies, quantitative surveys, exploratory studies, conference abstracts and reviews.MethodsThe studies were appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Qualitative data were extracted using Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Data Extraction Tool. Data synthesis followed two stages, meta‐summary and meta‐synthesis, proposed by Sandelowski & Barroso.ResultsTwelve studies published from 2008 to 2020 involving 618 hospital nurses were included. The meta‐summary generated 10 themes, which were meta‐synthesized into three interrelated themes: personal barriers (e.g. nonchalance towards unhealthy eating), interprofessional and patient‐related barriers (e.g. sharing unhealthy food), and organizational barriers (e.g. overwhelming work demands).ConclusionInsufficient self‐control and self‐confidence, nonchalance and negligence towards healthy eating and cultural beliefs that oppose the practice of healthy eating (personal barriers), exposure of unhealthy food practices in wards (interprofessional and patient‐related barriers) and hospital cafeterias, overwhelming work exigencies and institutional constraints (organizational barriers) hindered nurses to achieve wholesome healthy eating.ImpactMany hospital nurses’ encountered challenges in healthy eating, thereby potentially jeopardizing their health and work performance. The findings emphasized the need of a joint effort by hospital nurses, families and colleagues, and hospital institutions to overcome the barriers to healthy eating faced by the hospital nurses.
A novel rat model of vertebral inflammation–induced intervertebral disc degeneration mediated by activating cGAS/STING molecular pathway
Authors: Su Qihang , Cai Qiuchen , Li Yongchao , Ge Hengan , Zhang Yuanzhen , Zhang Yi , Tan Jun , Li Jie , Cheng Biao , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, we describe a new rat model of vertebral inflammation–induced caudal intervertebral disc degeneration (VI‐IVDD), in which IVD structure was not damaged and controllable segment and speed degeneration was achieved. VI‐IVDD model was obtained by placing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the caudal vertebral bodies of rats. Rat experimental groups were set as follows: normal control group, group with a hole drilled in the middle of vertebral body and not filled with LPS (Blank group), group with a hole drilled in the middle of vertebral body and filled with LPS (Mid group), and group with hole drilled in the vertebral body in proximity of IVD and filled with LPS (NIVD group). Radiological results of VI‐IVDD rats showed a significant reduction in the intervertebral space height and decrease in MRI T2 signal intensity. Histological stainings also revealed that the more the nucleus pulposus and endplate degenerated, the more the annulus fibrosus structure appeared disorganized. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that the expression of Aggrecan and collagen‐II decreased, whereas that of MMP‐3 increased in Mid and NIVD groups. Abundant local production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines was detected together with increased infiltration of M1 macrophages in Mid and NIVD groups. Apoptosis ratio remarkably enhanced in Mid and NIVD groups. Interestingly, we found a strong activation of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase /stimulator of interferon gene signalling pathway, which is strictly related to inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this study, we generated a new, reliable and reproducible IVDD rat model, in which controllable segment and speed degeneration was achieved.
Phylogeography and population genetics of the cryptic bonnethead sharkSphyrnaaff.tiburoinBraziland theCaribbeaninferred from mtDNAmarkers
Authors: Gonzalez Cindy , Postaire Bautisse , Domingues Rodrigo R. , Feldheim Kevin A. , Caballero Susana , Chapman Demian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResolving the identity, phylogeny and distribution of cryptic species within species complexes is an essential precursor to management. The bonnethead shark,Sphyrna tiburo, is a small coastal shark distributed in the Western Atlantic from North Carolina (U.S.A.) to southern Brazil. Genetic analyses based on mitochondrial markers revealed that bonnethead sharks comprise a species complex with at least two lineages in the Northwestern Atlantic and the Caribbean (S. tiburoandSphyrnaaff. tiburo, respectively). The phylogeographic and phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers [control region (mtCR) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI)] showed that bonnethead sharks from southeastern Brazil correspond toS. aff.tiburo, extending the distribution of this cryptic species >5000 km. Bonnethead shark populations are only managed in the U.S.A. and in the 2000s were considered to be regionally extinct or collapsed in southeast Brazil. The results indicate that there is significant genetic differentiation betweenS. aff.tiburofrom Brazil and other populations from the Caribbean (ΦST = 0.9053,P < 0.000), which means that collapsed populations in the former are unlikely to be replenished from Caribbean immigration. The species identity of bonnethead sharks in the Southwest Atlantic and their relationship to North Atlantic and Caribbean populations still remains unresolved. Taxonomic revision and further sampling are required to reevaluate the status of the bonnethead shark complex through its distribution range.