bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting poverty and malnutrition for targeting, mapping, monitoring, and early warning
Authors: McBride Linden , Barrett Christopher B. , Browne Christopher , Hu Leiqiu , Liu Yanyan , Matteson David S. , Sun Ying , Wen Jiaming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasingly plentiful data and powerful predictive algorithms heighten the promise of data science for humanitarian and development programming. We advocate for embrace of, and investment in, machine learning methods for poverty and malnutrition targeting, mapping, monitoring, and early warning while also cautioning that distinct objectives require distinct data and methods. In particular, we highlight the differences between poverty and malnutrition targeting and mapping, the differences between structural and stochastic deprivation, and the modeling and data challenges of early warning system development. Overall, we urge careful consideration of the purpose and use cases of machine learning informed models.
Is proximal gastrectomy indicated for locally advanced cancer in the upper third of the stomach?
Authors: Ri Motonari , Kumagai Koshi , Namikawa Ken , Atsumi Shinichiro , Hayami Masaru , Makuuchi Rie , Ida Satoshi , Ohashi Manabu , Sano Takeshi , Nunobe Souya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo treat upper third gastric cancer, proximal gastrectomy (PG), a function‐preserving procedure, is recommended for early lesions when at least half the distal stomach can be preserved, while total gastrectomy (TG) is standard for locally advanced lesions. Oncological feasibility, when applying PG for such lesions, remains unknown.MethodsWe reviewed patients undergoing TG for clinical (c) T2–T4 upper third gastric cancer between 2006 and 2015. Preoperative tumor locations were further classified into the cardia, fornix, and gastric body based on endoscopic findings. The metastatic rate and therapeutic value index for lymph node (LN) dissection were determined, and characteristics of patients with distal LN (No. 4d, 5, and 6) metastasis (DLNM) were reviewed. In addition, patients with pathological tumor invasion to the middle third (M) region were investigated.ResultsWe studied 167 patients. There were 8 (4.8%) with DLNM and 41 (24.6%) with pathological tumor invasion to the M region. As to regional stations, therapeutic indices for LN dissection at stations No. 4d, 5, 6, and 12a were zero or extremely low. No DLNM was detected in cT2 lesions or cT3/T4 lesions located within the cardia and/or the fornix. In addition, none of the lesions located within the cardia and/or the fornix by preoperative endoscopy extended to the M region in the pathological specimen.ConclusionsFor upper third gastric cancer, PG without No. 12a dissection might be acceptable for cT2–T4 lesions located within the cardia and/or the fornix when considering the risk of DLNM and cancer‐positivity in the distal stump.
Effects of an oral elemental nutritional supplement in gastric cancer patients with adjuvant S‐1 chemotherapy after gastrectomy: A multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm, prospective phase II study (OGSG1108)
Authors: Imamura Hiroshi , Matsuyama Jin , Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Endo Shunji , Kawase Tomono , Kimura Yutaka , Fukui Junichi , Kawada Junji , Kurokawa Yukinori , Fujitani Kazumasa , Sakai Daisuke , Kawakami Hisato , Tsujinaka Toshimasa , Shimokawa Toshio , Matsubara Yoshihiro , Satoh Taroh , Furukawa Hiroshi ,   for the Osaka Gastrointestinal Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group (OGSG)
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimPost‐surgical weight loss influences chemotherapy compliance and may be a risk factor for survival. Intake of an oral elemental nutritional supplement (OENS) can reduce weight loss after gastric cancer (GC) surgery. We assessed whether therapy completion levels would increase in patients receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with an OENS.MethodsThis was a multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm, phase II study in GC patients who underwent curative total or distal gastrectomy (TG/DG) and received adjuvant S‐1 chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the S‐1 completion rate for 1 year with a relative performance (RP) value of ≥70%; secondary endpoints included factors affecting the completion rate of S‐1, RP value after eight S‐1 courses, S‐1 and OENS persistence rates, nutritional index, OENS compliance, and safety.ResultsIn 71 efficacy‐evaluable patients, the S‐1 completion rate was 69.0% (TG, 68.0%; DG, 69.6%) and the RP value was 87.5 (TG, 89.1; DG, 87.5). Over eight treatment courses, median persistence rates were 89.0% for S‐1 and 93.8% for the OENS. The mean OENS compliance was 81.8% at the fourth S‐1 course and 52.9% at the eighth course. The incidence of Grade 3 or 4 adverse events was 27.2%, most commonly neutropenia (12.3%).ConclusionsThe completion rate of S‐1 for 1 year in patients who could take the OENS exceeded the pre‐defined threshold level. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the role of OENS in adjuvant chemotherapy.
Asymmetric Alkylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Engineered TrpB
Authors: Watkins‐Dulaney Ella J. , Dunham Noah P. , Straathof Sabine , Turi Soma , Arnold Frances H. , Buller Andrew R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe β‐subunit of tryptophan synthase (TrpB) catalyzes a PLP‐mediated β‐substitution reaction between indole and serine to form L‐Trp. A succession of TrpB protein engineering campaigns to expand the enzyme's nucleophile substrate range has enabled the biocatalytic production of diverse non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs). Here, we show that ketone‐derived enolates can serve as nucleophiles in the TrpB reaction to achieve the asymmetric alkylation of ketones, an outstanding challenge in synthetic chemistry. We engineered TrpB by directed evolution to catalyze the asymmetric alkylation of propiophenone and 2‐fluoroacetophenone with a high degree of selectivity. In reactions with propiophenone, preference for the opposite product diastereomer emerges over the course of evolution, demonstrating that full control over the stereochemistry at the new chiral center can be achieved. The addition of this new reaction to the TrpB platform is a crucial first step toward the development of efficient methods to synthesize non‐canonical prolines and other chirally dense nitrogen heterocycles.
[Ag(NH3)2]2SO4: A Strategy for the Coordination of Cationic Moieties to Design Nonlinear Optical Materials**
Authors: Yang Yi‐Chang , Liu Xin , Lu Jing , Wu Li‐Ming , Chen Ling 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver recent decades, guided by the anionic group theory of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, rational design strategies have been primarily focused on anionic moieties; consequently, structural modification and design of cationic moieties have long been neglected. Herein, we report a strategy for the coordination of cationic moieties that substantially enhances the optical properties of NLO materials. For an example with well‐known crystal structure, [Ag(NH3)2]2SO4, we demonstrate that the coordination of the Ag+ cation by the neutral ligand drives the formation of a noncentrosymmetric tetragonal P
21c structure as a positive uniaxial crystal. The bending of the [Ag(NH3)2]+ cationic moiety parallel to the z‐axis generates an anisotropic arrangement of the dipoles, i.e., a dipole of 0.12 D along the z‐direction, yet zero dipole in the xy‐plane, which interacts anisotropically with the incident light oscillating electromagnetic wave, leading to optical anisotropy with a large birefringence. The incident beam of 589.3 nm normal to the (110) crystal plane measures Δnobv.=0.08, and [Ag(NH3)2]2SO4 also exhibits a phase‐matching NLO response 1.4 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP) (obv. 1.4×KDP @1064 nm; cal. d36=1.50 pm V−1).
RF‐LSTM‐based method for prediction and diagnosis of fouling in heat exchanger
Authors: Madhu P.K. Resma , Subbaiah Jayalalitha , Krithivasan Kannan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFouling degrades the thermal and hydraulic performances of the heat exchanger (HE), leading to failure if undetected. It occurs due to the accumulation of undesired material on the heat transfer surface. Knowledge about the HE fouling dynamics is required to plan mitigation strategies, ensuring a sustainable and safe operation. This paper aims to propose a feature‐based technique to predict the fouling status of the HE based on historical data. Three thermal and two hydraulic features are extracted from the HE. Random forest (RF) is employed to detect the dominant features using the Gini index. These dominant features are used to predict the fouling resistance using a deep neural network based on the Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) model. Also, these dominant features provide reliable inferences to reason out the fouling dynamics. A diagnostic flag is derived based on the dominant feature and is used to diagnose the ongoing fouling phenomena, which is vital to formulate mitigation. The proposed technique is investigated on the data acquired from the HEs used in a thermal power plant (Case 1) and petroleum refinery (Case 2). Prediction accuracy of 99% and 97% is observed for Cases 1 and 2, respectively. Experimental results illustrate that RF enables the LSTM to achieve faster training and reliable prediction of fouling.
Effect of dicumyl peroxide on biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/functionalized gum arabic based films
Authors: Monika  , Mehmood Khalid , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBlending of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/functionalized gum arabic (FG) in presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) presents a simple process to produce film using melt extrusion (recycle time ~ 4 min, screw speed ~60 rpm) at 180°C with tailored characteristics. The FTIR investigation shows that the confirmation of grafting of PLA chains on FG through formation of new C─C linkage. Properties of fabricated films such as morphological, mechanical, UV barrier and contact angle are examined to develop film with improved interfacial interaction, increased toughness, UV–C blocking effect (~95%) and hydrophobicity (~14%). Polarized optical microscopy (POM) studies reveal that PLA/1FG with and without DCP has more crystal density as compared to PLA at 120°C. This melt extrusion permits straightforward, feasible bionanocomposite film and has great potential as a modification with DCP assists to overcome particular drawbacks of FG.
Is remote near‐peer anatomy teaching an effective teaching strategy? Lessons learned from the transition to online learning during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Thom Mitchell L. , Kimble Blair A. , Qua Kelli , Wish‐Baratz Susanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn response to the Covid‐19 pandemic, medical educators have transformed pre‐clerkship anatomy curricula into online formats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and student perceptions of an online near‐peer anatomy curriculum. The classes of 2022 and 2023 completed identical foundational anatomy curricula in‐person, whereas the class of 2024 completed an adapted curriculum for remote online learning. Quantitative and qualitative responses were used to compare attitudes between instructional methods. Assessment scores and evaluation survey responses were collected from the classes of 2022 (n = 185), 2023 (n = 184), and 2024 (n = 183). Mean assessment scores (±SD) for the classes of 2022, 2023, and 2024 were 93.64% (±5.86), 93.75% (±4.09), and 92.04% (±4.83), respectively. Post hoc group comparisons showed the class of 2024 scored significantly lower than the two previous classes [2022: (H(1) = 18.58, P < 0.001), 2023: (H(1) = 18.65, P < 0.001)]. Mean survey results concerning curriculum quality were 4.06/5.00 for the class of 2023 and 3.57/5.0 for the class of 2024 (t(365) = 2.67, P = 0.008). Considering a small effect size (η2 = 0.034), there was no meaningful difference in student assessment scores. A potential drawback of online near‐peer anatomy teaching remains in student perceptions of course quality; qualitative feedback suggested technological limitations and perceptions of online course instructors were partly responsible for lower student satisfaction. Following the Covid‐19 pandemic, medical educators should incorporate the lessons learned from this unique educational inflection point to improve curricula moving forward.
An analysis of the use of targeted therapies in patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma and an evaluation of genomic correlates of response
Authors: Knepper Todd C. , Panchaud Robyn A. , Muradova Elnara , Cohen Leah , DeCaprio James A. , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Brohl Andrew S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of targeted therapy remains a treatment consideration for some patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, supportive data on the use of targeted therapy approaches are limited. Thus, we sought to evaluate the responsiveness of targeted agents in patients with advanced MCC.MethodsAn institutional MCC database identified patients who were treated with targeted therapy. For the purpose of this study, targeted therapy was defined as any multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor or inhibitor of the PI3K‐pathway. Clinical benefit was defined as complete response, partial response, or stable disease (SD) ≥6 months. A subset of patient samples underwent next‐generation sequencing (NGS), Merkel cell polyomavirus testing, and PD‐L1/PD‐1 expression testing.ResultsNineteen patients with MCC treated with targeted therapy were identified, 21 targeted therapy regimens were evaluable for response in 18 patients. Four of twenty‐one (19%) of evaluable regimens were associated with clinical benefit with the best overall response of SD. The durations of SD were 13.6 months (59 weeks), 9.7 months (42 weeks), 7.6 months (33 weeks), and 7.2 months (31 weeks). Of the four patients who derived clinical benefit, three were treated with pazopanib alone and one was treated with pazopanib plus everolimus. No difference in the rate of clinical benefit between molecular disease subtypes was detected nor was associated with any specific genomic alteration.ConclusionIn our series, targeted agents elicited a disease control rate of 19% in patients with advanced MCC, with a best overall response of SD. Pazopanib alone or in combination exhibited a rate of disease control of 36% (4 of 11 with SD ≥6 months).
Characterization of chemical composition and techno‐functional properties of oat cultivars
Authors: Németh Renáta , Turóczi Fanni , Csernus Dorottya , Solymos Fanni , Jaksics Edina , Tömösközi Sándor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe number of products made of oats is expanding continuously, which indicates the need for a more detailed methodology for the determination of its quality traits. The aim of this work was to characterize Hungarian oat cultivars by general wheat testing methods and to investigate the discriminatory power of these, as well as to study relationships between chemical composition and techno‐functional properties.FindingsOat cultivars showed different dehulling properties. Among compositional data, fat content and fiber composition varied the most. Regarding techno‐functional properties, oat samples differed mainly in pasting behavior, which was related primarily to fiber contents.ConclusionsCultivars can be discriminated and characterized reliable with the used testing methods, and with some modifications, these could be applied to set up quality requirements for oat products. However, the deeper understanding of relationships between composition and technological traits requires more detailed characterization of oat flour constituents.Significance and noveltyOat quality testing is not as sophisticated as that of wheat or rye, and our knowledge about the end‐use properties is also incomplete. This work can contribute to the development of a more detailed methodology for testing oat quality and to understand relationship between compositional data and technological behavior.
Impact of hematologic complete response in the treatment of sporadic late‐onset nemaline myopathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Maia Tânia , Bergantim Rui , Costa Henrique , Pinheiro Jorge , Trigo Fernanda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) may be associated with pathologies with severe neuromuscular manifestations such as sporadic late‐onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM). We describe a difficult to diagnose case of SLNOM with marked clinical improvement after achieving gammopathy complete hematologic response.
A Comprehensive Study on the Full Series of Alkali‐Metal Selenocyanates AI[SeCN] (AI=Li−Cs)
Authors: Shlyaykher Alena , Ehmann Marvin , Karttunen Antti J. , Tambornino Frank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe full series of quasibinary alkali‐metal selenocyanates was synthesized either by oxidation of the respective cyanides (A=Li−Rb) or by metathesis (A=Cs). For Li[SeCN] only ball‐milling and subsequent annealing led to the isolation of the quasibinary selenocyanate. Their structures were refined from single‐crystal and powder X‐ray data. The respective solid‐state IR and Raman spectra were interpreted with the aid of solid‐state quantum‐mechanical calculations and DSC‐TGA measurements allowed for extraction of melting points. Only for Li[SeCN] a possible phase transition was observed that is discussed on the basis of VT‐PXRD experiments. It is also the only quasibinary selenocyanate to form a hydrate (Li[SeCN] ⋅ 2H2O).
In‐situ Surface‐selective Removal of Al Element from NiFeAl Ternary Nanowires for Large‐current Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiuhong , Li Zheng , Shen Weilin , Zhao Guang , Yi Zhaohui , Qi Ji , Liang Changhai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo store renewable energy via water splitting, it is crucial to design low‐cost and high‐performance catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a ternary nanowire supported on nickel foam (NiFeAl‐NW/NF) with high specific surface area and catalytic activity was prepared by hydrothermal method and in‐situ selective surface removal. High OER current densities of 100, 500 and 1000 mA ⋅ cm−2 were achieved under anode potentials of 1.52, 1.56 and 1.60 V vs. RHE, respectively. The NiFeAl‐NW/NF was stable under 1 A cm−2 OER current density in the 40 hour durability test. In situ surface selective removal of aluminum from nanowires provides abundant structural defects, which effectively enlarge the electrochemically surface area of the integral catalyst suitable for large‐current oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Forecasting volatility by integrating financial risk with environmental, social, and governance risk
Authors: Capelli Paolo , Ielasi Federica , Russo Angeloantonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study aims to verify whether the consideration of a risk measure based on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors can reduce the difference between the ex‐ante financial risk and ex‐post volatility of financial assets. The statistical models are run on 17,996 firm‐year observations (3332 active firms from 55 countries and 10 industries, listed on the ECPI Global Ethical Equity index) in 2007–2015. According to our main results, the forecasting effectiveness of traditional financial risk measures can be improved by integrating financial risk with an ESG risk measure that considers the ESG entropy. We found that the dispersion of ESG scores within a country, sector and year is a risk factor that would be helpful in predicting the volatility of financial assets. Other similar long‐run risk measures, such as issuers' credit ratings, do not reveal the same forecasting power. By reducing unexpected volatility, especially in the medium term, the ESG risk measure provides investors and fund managers with a useful metric for decision making.
Recent Progress in Amorphous Carbon‐Based Materials for Anodes of Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Synthesis Strategies, Mechanisms, and Performance
Authors: Sarkar Samrat , Roy Swagata , Hou Yanglong , Sun Shuhui , Zhang Jiujun , Zhao Yufeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining renewed interest as a promising alternative to the already commercialized lithium‐ion batteries. The large abundance, low cost, and similar electrochemistry of sodium (compared with lithium) is attracting the attention of the research community for their deployment in energy storage devices. Despite the fact that there are adequate cathode materials, the choice of suitable anodes for SIBs is limited. Graphite, the most versatile anode for LIBs, exhibits poor performance in case of SIBs. Amorphous or disordered carbons (hard and soft carbon) have been the most promising and cost‐effective anode materials for SIBs. This Review discusses the recent advances of various forms of amorphous or disordered carbons used in SIBs with emphasis on their synthesis processes and relationship between microstructure, morphology, and performance. A profound understanding of the charge storage mechanisms of sodium in these carbon materials has been deliberated. The performance of these anode materials also depends upon electrolyte optimization, which has been aptly conferred. However, these anodes are often plagued with large voltage loss, low initial coulombic efficiency, and formation of solid electrolyte interphase. In order to overcome these challenges, several mitigation strategies have been put forward in a concise way to offer visions for the deployment of these amorphous carbon materials for the progress and commercial success of SIBs.
Secondary forest succession buffers extreme temperature impacts on subtropical Asian ants
Authors: Lee Roger Ho , Morgan Brett , Liu Cong , Fellowes John R. , Guénard Benoit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSecondary forest succession may restore microclimatic refugia for ectotherms and play a fundamental role in mitigating the combined effects of deforestation and climate warming on biodiversity; however, empirical evidence remains limited by short‐term, coarse‐scale, and solely taxonomic‐based approaches. We hypothesize that ant assemblage composition will respond differently to an increased frequency of extreme heat events between sites with and without microclimatic refugia provided by secondary forest’s regrowth. We test this hypothesis by integrating comprehensive historic surveys (1992–1994) and contemporary resampling (2015–2017) of ant assemblages to investigate how soil surface temperatures (estimated by microclimatic models [30 × 30 m]) and physical parameters (e.g., canopy cover) over the past >20 yr drive changes in their taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity for open (grasslands and shrublands) and closed (secondary forests) habitat types. Our results show a significant spatial turnover in the ant assemblage composition in both habitat types over the past two decades. Furthermore, for taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic spatial beta diversity, temperature became the primary variable explaining the differences in species composition among sites in open habitats, but not in closed habitats. Nevertheless, leaf litter cover may, to a certain extent, provide some thermal buffer for litter‐dwelling species exposed to extreme heat. On the contrary, within forests, canopy cover mitigated the adverse impact of extreme heat on ant assemblages, with a shift toward smaller body size observed over time only in sites with lower canopy cover. These findings highlight the importance of restored canopy in providing thermal buffering for understory ectotherms. While tropical forest restoration represents an essential component in enhancing species resilience under climate warming, additionally we considered that the restoration of microclimatic regimes across different land use types is essential to conserve tropical biodiversity across the deforested landscape.