bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity in LiGa2Ir Heusler type compound with VEC = 16
Authors: Górnicka Karolina , Kuderowicz Gabriel , Winiarski Michał J. , Wiendlocha Bartłomiej , Klimczuk Tomasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolycrystalline LiGa2Ir has been prepared by a solid state reaction method. A Rietveld refinement of powder x-ray diffraction data confirms a previously reported Heusler-type crystal structure (space group Fm-3m, No. 225) with lattice parameter a = 6.0322(1) Å. The normal and superconducting state properties were studied by magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity techniques. A bulk superconductivity with Tc = 2.94 K was confirmed by detailed heat capacity studies. The measurements indicate that LiGa2Ir is a weak-coupling type-II superconductor ($${\uplambda }$$
λ
e–p = 0.57, $${\Delta }$$
Δ
C/$${\upgamma }$$
γ
Tc = 1.4). Electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and the electron–phonon interaction are studied from first principles calculations. Ir and two Ga atoms equally contribute to the Fermi surface with a minor contribution from Li. The phonon spectrum contains separated high frequency Li modes, which are seen clearly as an Einstein-like contribution in the specific heat. The calculated electron–phonon coupling constant $${\uplambda }$$
λ
e–p = 0.68 confirms the electron–phonon mechanism for the superconductivity. LiGa2Ir and recently reported isoelectronic LiGa2Rh are the only two known representatives of the Heusler superconductors with the valence electron count VEC = 16.
Paecilomyces variotii xylanase production, purification and characterization with antioxidant xylo-oligosaccharides production
Authors: Abdella Asmaa , Ramadan Samah , Hamouda Ragaa A. , Saddiq Amna A. , Alhazmi Nuha M. , Al-Saman Mahmoud A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPaecilomyces variotii xylanase was, produced in stirred tank bioreactor with yield of 760 U/mL and purified using 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultra-filtration causing 3.29-fold purification with 34.47% activity recovery. The enzyme purity was analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirming its monomeric nature as single band at 32 KDa. Zymography showed xylan hydrolysis activity at the same band. The purified enzyme had optimum activity at 60 °C and pH 5.0. The pH stability range was 5–9 and the temperature stability was up 70 °C. Fe2+and Fe3+ exhibited inhibition of xylanase enzyme while Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ stimulated its activity. Mercaptoethanol stimulated its activity; however, Na2-EDTA and SDS inhibited its activity. The purified xylanase could hydrolyze beechwood xylan but not carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), avicel or soluble starch. Paecilomyces variotii xylanase Km and Vmax for beechwood were determined to be 3.33 mg/mL and 5555 U/mg, respectively. The produced xylanase enzyme applied on beech xylan resulted in different types of XOS. The antioxidant activity of xylo-oligosaccharides increased from 15.22 to 70.57% when the extract concentration was increased from 0.1 to 1.5 mg/mL. The enzyme characteristics and kinetic parameters indicated its high efficiency in the hydrolysis of xylan and its potential effectiveness in lignocellulosic hydrolysis and other industrial application. It also suggests the potential of xylanase enzyme for production of XOS from biomass which are useful in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Physical correlates of human-like softness elicit high tactile pleasantness
Authors: Kitada Ryo , Ng Megan , Tan Zheng Yee , Lee Xue Er , Kochiyama Takanori 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTouching an object can elicit affective sensations. Because these sensations are critical for social interaction, tactile preferences may be adapted to the characteristics of the human body. We have previously shown that compliance, a physical correlate of softness, increased the tactile pleasantness of a deformable surface. However, the extent to which object compliance similar to the human body elicits tactile pleasantness remains unknown. We addressed this question by using a wide range of compliances and by measuring the distribution of compliance of human body parts. The participants numerically estimated the perceived pleasantness or softness while pushing tactile stimuli with their right index fingers. The perceived softness monotonically increased with increasing compliance and then leveled off around the end of the stimulus range. By contrast, pleasantness showed an inverse U pattern as a function of compliance, reaching the maximum between 5 and 7 mm/N. This range of compliance was within that for both hand and arm. These results indicate that objects with similar compliance levels as those of human body parts yield the highest pleasantness when pushing them.
Numerical simulation and analysis of effects of individual differences on the field distribution in the human brain with electromagnetic pulses
Authors: Wang Shan , Song Zhongguo , Li Huiping , Guo Guozhen , Xi Xiaoli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening induced by electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) may be a drug delivery strategy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the mechanism of EMP-induced BBB opening is still ambiguous. Previous studies have shown the relation between the external field and the extent of BBB permeation (referred to as the effect), while the connection between the internal field and the effect remains unknown. Here, the influence of individual differences on the field distribution in the human brain with EMPs is investigated, the dielectric parameters of the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) and structural parameters of the spherical brain are adjusted, and the field distribution in the brain illuminated by EMPs at the frequency range of 0–0.5 GHz is simulated based on the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite. The results show that the average electric field in the brain is about 1/100–1/5 of the incident field within the studied frequency range, individual differences have little effect on the field distribution in the human brain; and thus, it is reliable to establish the connection between the internal field and the effect, which is of great theoretical significance for further study of the mechanism of an EMP on the brain.
Combining ability and gene action controlling rust resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Daudi Happy , Shimelis Hussein , Mathew Isack , Rathore Abhishek , Ojiewo Chris O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGroundnut rust caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg. is a major cause of yield and quality losses in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the warm-humid tropics including Tanzania. Breeding and deployment of rust resistant cultivars with farmer-preferred attributes will bolster groundnut production and productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability effects and gene action controlling rust resistance in groundnut genotypes for breeding. Twelve selected and complementary parental lines were crossed in a diallel design, to develop F1 progenies, which were advanced to the F2 for individual plant selection. Thirty-three successful partial crosses and the 12 parents were field evaluated using a 5 × 9 alpha lattice designs with two replications over two seasons in Tanzania. The tested genotypes exhibited significant (P < 0.05) variation for rust resistance, yield and yield-related traits. There existed significant (P < 0.05) difference on the general combining ability (GCA) effect of parents and the specific combining ability (SCA) effect of progeny for the assessed traits indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects conditioned trait inheritance. The Bakers’ ratios indicated that the non-additive gene effects predominantly controlling rust resistance and yield components. This suggested that transgressive segregants could be selected for improved rust resistance and yield gains in the advanced pure line generations. Genotypes ICGV-SM 05570 and ICGV-SM 15567 were the best general combiners for rust resistance and grain yield. The crosses ICGV-SM 16589 × Narinut and ICGV-SM 15557 × ICGV-SM 15559 were identified as the best specific combiners for rust resistance with moderate yield levels and medium maturity. Genotypes with desirable GCA or SCA effects were selected for further breeding.
Psychometrics of the Pragmatic Rating Scale for School-Age Children With a Range of Linguistic and Social Communication Skills
Authors: Dillon Emily , Holingue Calliope , Herman Dana , Landa Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Social communication or pragmatic skills are continuously distributed in the general population. Impairment in these skills is associated with two clinical disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social (pragmatic) communication disorder. Such impairment can impact a child's peer acceptance, school performance, and current and later mental health. Valid, reliable, examiner-rated observational measures of social communication from a semistructured language sample are needed to detect social communication impairment. We evaluated the psychometrics of an examiner-rated measure of social (pragmatic) communication, the Pragmatic Rating Scale–School Age (PRS-SA).

Method

The analytic sample consisted of 130 children, ages 7–12 years, from five mutually exclusive groups: ASD (
n
= 25), language concern (LC;
n
= 5), ASD + LC (
n
= 10), social communication impairment only (
n
= 22), and typically developing (TD;
n
= 68). All children received language and autism assessments. The PRS-SA was rated separately using video-recorded communication samples from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Assessment data were employed to evaluate the psychometrics of the PRS-SA. Analysis of covariance models were used to assess whether the PRS-SA would detect differences in social communication functioning across the five groups.

Results
The PRS-SA demonstrated strong internal reliability, concurrent validity, and interrater reliability. PRS-SA scores were significantly higher in all groups compared to the TD group and differed significantly in most pairwise comparisons; the ASD + LC group had the highest (more atypical) scores.

Conclusions
The PRS-SA shows promise as a measure of social communication skills in school-age verbally fluent children with a range of social and language abilities. More research is needed with a larger sample, including a wider age range and geographical diversity, to replicate findings.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15138240
End‐to‐end global to local convolutional neural network learning for hand pose recovery in depth data
Authors: Madadi Meysam , Escalera Sergio , Baró Xavier , Gonzàlez Jordi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite recent advances in 3‐D pose estimation of human hands, thanks to the advent of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and depth cameras, this task is still far from being solved in uncontrolled setups. This is mainly due to the highly non‐linear dynamics of fingers and self‐occlusions, which make hand model training a challenging task. In this study, a novel hierarchical tree‐like structured CNN is exploited, in which branches are trained to become specialised in predefined subsets of hand joints called local poses. Further, local pose features, extracted from hierarchical CNN branches, are fused to learn higher order dependencies among joints in the final pose by end‐to‐end training. Lastly, the loss function used is also defined to incorporate appearance and physical constraints about doable hand motions and deformations. Finally, a non‐rigid data augmentation approach is introduced to increase the amount of training depth data. Experimental results suggest that feeding a tree‐shaped CNN, specialised in local poses, into a fusion network for modelling joints' correlations and dependencies, helps to increase the precision of final estimations, showing competitive results on NYU, MSRA, Hands17 and SyntheticHand datasets.
A deep learning‐based classification scheme for cyber‐attack detection in power system
Authors: Ding Yucheng , Ma Kang , Pu Tianjiao , Wang Xingying , Li Ran , Zhang Dongxia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA smart grid improves power grid efficiency by using modern information and communication technologies. However, at the same time, the system might become increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks. Among various emerging security problems, a false data injection attack (FDIA) is a new type of attack against the state estimation. In this article, a deep learning‐based identification scheme is developed to detect and mitigate information corruption. The scheme implements a Conditional Deep Belief Network to analyse time‐series input data and leverages captured features to detect the FDIA. The performance of the detection mechanism is validated by using the IEEE standard test system for simulation. Different attack scenarios and parameters are set to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed scheme. Compared with the support vector machine and the multilayer perceptrons, the experimental analyses indicate that the results of the proposed detection mechanism are better than those of the other two in terms of FDIA detection accuracy and robustness.
Review of the decomposition characteristics of eco‐friendly insulation gas
Authors: Yang Yuan , Gao Keli , Ding Lijian , Bi Jiangang , Yuan Shuai , Yan Xianglian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs one of the major concerns of climate change, identifying a proper eco‐friendly insulation gas for replacing sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) becomes a prominent research topic in recent years. c‐C4F8, CF3I, C5F10O, C6F12O and C4F7N are some potential alternatives that are proved to have excellent characteristics, including high insulation strengths and low Global Warming Potentials (GWPs). Beyond these key factors, the decomposition products of these alternatives are closely related to the gases' insulation performance, as well as the safety of operators and the compatibility with other materials. In addition, the type and content of decomposition products can be used for fault diagnosis. Therefore, a number of studies were carried out to reveal the decomposition mechanism of these alternative gases, and then to explore the gases' application feasibility and strategy. The recent advances obtained in these studies, including theoretical calculation methods, detection of gas decomposition products, decomposition mechanism are reviewed, and some perspectives for future works are proposed. It is concluded that the phenomenon of solid matter precipitation in c‐C4F8 and CF3I gas decomposition cannot be ignored and that more research is needed to reveal the influence of buffer gases, micro‐aerobic, micro‐water and other impurities on the gas decomposition process.
Singular value decomposition‐based iterative robust cubature Kalman filtering and its application for integrated global positioning system/strapdown inertial navigation system navigation
Authors: Yu Zhangjun , Zhang Qiuzhao , Zhang Yunrui , Zheng Nanshan , Sedlák Vladimír 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe issue of non‐linear robust state estimation in the integration of a strapdown inertial navigation system and global positioning system is addressed in this study. Based on the cubature Kalman filtering frame, a non‐linear robust filter called a robust cubature Kalman filter (RCKF) was introduced to address the outliers and the inaccurate model. It has been found that the determination of an optimal restriction parameter is crucial for maintaining the robustness and accuracy of the non‐linear robust filter. Unfortunately, the value of this restriction parameter is always determined by experience. In this study, an iterative strategy was proposed to adaptively attain the optimal restriction parameter without much previous experience. To improve the computational stability of the iterative non‐linear robust filter, a singular value decomposition strategy was adopted simultaneously. Two case studies indicate that the iterative RCKF can achieve greater robustness and accuracy using the methodology discussed in this study.
Galaxy populations in haloes in high-density environments
Authors: Alfaro Ignacio G. , Ruiz Andrés N. , Luparello Heliana E. , Rodriguez Facundo , Garcia Lambas Diego 
Published: August 2021

Context. Some indications suggest that the properties of galaxy populations in dark matter haloes may depend on their large-scale environment. Recent works have pointed out that very low-density environments affect the halo occupation, but a similar analysis of high-density environments is still lacking. We used a simulated set of future virialised superstructures (FVS) to analyse the occupation of galaxies in haloes within these globally high-density regions.
Aims. Our main goal is to explore the different characteristics of the galaxies populating haloes in FVS compared to the characteristics of galaxies in general.
Methods. We used a publicly available simulated galaxy set constructed with a semi-analytical model to identify FVS in the simulation. Then, we computed the halo occupation distribution within these superstructures for different absolute magnitude thresholds and performed several analyses, including the comparison to the global halo occupation results. We studied the dependence on the results of FVS properties such as density and volume, and we considered the morphology of galaxies. We also analysed the properties of the stellar content of galaxies and the formation time of the haloes inside an FVS and compared them to those of the general populations.
Results. We find a significant increase in the halo occupation distribution inside FVS. This result is present for all absolute magnitude thresholds explored. The effect is larger in the densest regions of FVS, but does not depend on the volume of the superstructure. We also find that the stellar-mass content of galaxies considerably differs inside the superstructures. Low mass haloes have their central and satellite galaxies with a higher stellar mass content (∼50%), and exhibit mean star ages (∼20%) older than average. For massive haloes in FVS we find that only the stellar mass of satellite galaxies varies considerably corresponding to a decrease of ∼50%. We find a significant statistical difference between the formation times of haloes in FVS and the average population. haloes residing in superstructures formed earlier, a fact that leads to several changes in the HOD and their member galaxy properties.
Linking nearby stellar streams to more distant halo overdensities
Authors: Balbinot E. , Helmi A. 
Published: August 2021

Context. It has recently been shown that the halo near the Sun contains several kinematic substructures associated with past accretion events. For the more distant halo, there is evidence of large-scale density variations – in the form of stellar clouds or overdensities.
Aims. We study the link between the local halo kinematic groups and three of these stellar clouds: the Hercules-Aquila cloud, the Virgo Overdensity, and the Eridanus-Phoenix overdensity.
Methods. We perform orbital integrations in a standard Milky Way potential of a local halo sample extracted from Gaia EDR3 with the goal of predicting the location of the merger debris elsewhere in the Galaxy. We specifically focus on the regions occupied by the three stellar clouds and compare their kinematic and distance distributions with those predicted from the orbits of the nearby debris.
Results. We find that the local halo substructures have families of orbits that tend to pile up in the regions where the stellar clouds have been found. The distances and velocities of the cloud’s member stars are in good agreement with those predicted from the orbit integrations, particularly for Gaia-Enceladus stars. This is the dominant contributor of all three overdensities, with a minor part stemming from the Helmi streams and to an even smaller extent from Sequoia. The orbital integrations predict no asymmetries in the sky distribution of halo stars, and they pinpoint where additional debris associated with the local halo substructures may be located.
Practical use of bioenergetic evaluation of sire-bulls with different quality of semen production
Authors: Samusenko Ludmila , Mamaev Andrey , Rodina Natalya , Sergeeva Ekaterina 
Published: August 2021

For modern cattle industry, it is very important to evaluate bull-sires of different breeds by semen quality. The relevance of this problem arises in the context of development of artificial insemination technologies and biotechnology, the increasing role of sire-bulls in the genetic improvement of the herd, which makes it possible to significantly change the breed composition of herds in large regions in a short period of time.In cattle breeding, sires of Black-and-white and Holstein black-and-white breeds, which are imported into the Russian Federation, are used almost throughout the country.The purpose of the study is to assess the practical possibility of using the measured data of the bioelectric potential of superficially localized biologically active centres of sire-bulls to evaluate the quality of their semen production.The subject of the study was the semen production of the bulls of Black-and-white and Holstein blackand-white breeds. The groups were formed according to the principle of analogues; the bulls were from 2 to 4 years old; the body weight was from 700 to 800 kg.As a result of evaluating the sperm quality in sire-bulls with a high level of biopotential of the superficially localized biologically active centres, in the field of vision of the preparation, spermatozoa with an intact acrosome were found, which amounted to 96.5% of the total number of spermatozoa of the preparation and had a significant difference with the experimental group. The use of bioenergetic data of the superficially localized biologically active centres makes it possible to evaluate the sperm quality before semen collection and thereby, reduce the time and labour costs for low-quality ejaculates culling.
Traumatisierung und schizophrene Störungen – eine
mehrdimensionale Betrachtung
Authors: Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz von Traumatisierung bei schizophrenen Patienten ist
höher als in der Normalbevölkerung. Meta-Analysen zeigen
signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen traumatischen Kindheitserfahrungen
und psychotischen Erkrankungen. Sowohl Patienten mit Schizophrenie, als auch
solche mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) sind
gekennzeichnet durch hirnmorphologische (Amygdala und Hippocampus)
Veränderungen. Bei beiden Patientengruppen lassen sich zudem
neuroendokrinologische Veränderungen (Cortisol und α-Amylase),
aber auch ein schlechteres klinisches Outcome finden. In der psychodynamischen
Theoriediskussion finden sich nur wenige Ansätze zu Trauma und Psychose.
Hier ist vor allem Frieda Fromm-Reichmann zu nennen, die schon früh auf
die große Bedeutung kindlicher Traumatisierung vor allem von
Misshandlung und sexuellem Missbrauch für die spätere Entstehung
schizophrener Erkrankungen hinwies und erste Prinzipien analytischer
Psychosetherapie mit der Bearbeitung der durch das Trauma verursachten tiefen
Lebensangst im Hier und Jetzt der Übertragungssituation entwickelte. Es
wird vermutet, dass schizophrene Störungen und PTBS als
Trauma-Folgeerkrankungen aufzufassen sind, die in einem bislang unbekannten
Maße auch komorbid auftreten.