bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features and Efficacy Analysis of Redundant Nerve Roots
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Hu Yong 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Redundant nerve roots (RNRs) are common finding in lumbar spinal stenosis patients. Up to now, many relevant studies were carried out on the mechanism, pathogenic factors, and clinical features of redundant nerve roots. However, there are few studies on the surgical methods. In this study, posterior lumbar interbody fusion and internal fixations were used in 30 patients with RNRs in our hospital. Moreover, we also proposed new ideas about different types and subtypes of RNRs using patterns and their corresponding MRI images.Methods: Thirty patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and RNRs were enrolled in this study and underwent surgery between January 2009 and December 2014. Redundant nerve roots are identified as elongated, tortuous, or serpiginous nerve roots present in the subarachnoid space on sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Patients were treated with posterior decompression, intervertebral disc resection, and instrumented interbody fusion. The age, sex, disease course, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, operative segments were recorded. Outcome measures recorded to identify symptom improvement included pre-operative and post-operative visual analog scale (VAS), pre-operative and post-operative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pre-operative and post-operative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores.Results: VAS back pain, VAS leg pain VAS, ODI, and JOA with standard deviations were 6.4 ± 0.9, 7.1 ± 0.8, 43.0 ± 2.2, and 10.3 ± 2.6, respectively. At 3 months post-operatively, VAS back pain, VAS leg pain VAS, ODI, and JOA with standard deviations were 1.4 ± 0.5, 1.6 ± 0.6, 13.0 ± 1.6, and 25.0 ± 1.8, respectively. Nerve redundancy resolved in all cases on post-operative MRI.Conclusion: Posterior lumbar laminectomy and instrumented interbody fusion relieves low back and leg pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and RNRs and can alleviate the tortuous appearance of the cauda equina in the decompressed segment.
AKTIVITAS INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PT BLUE BIRD TBK DALAM MEMPERKENALKAN APLIKASI MY BLUEBIRD 5 DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Muhariani Wulan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTSomething new from the company, whether it is innovations, policies and the latest achievements from the company, should ideally be communicated and marketed to the public under any circumstances, including during a pandemic. At this time, all companies are challenged to market their products and services, a special strategy is needed to achieve the company's goals. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the implementation of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) activities carried out by PT Blue Bird Tbk in introducing the company's latest innovation, namely the My Bluebird 5 application during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted qualitatively with a case study method and data collection was divided into two, namely primary through interviews and observations; as well as secondary data through literature studies and media coverage results. The conclusion of this research is that PT Blue Bird Tbk has implemented an integrated marketing communication concept to introduce the My Blue Bird 5 application in the midst of a pandemic through various tactics such as from advertising, public relations, internet marketing, sales promotion and direct marketing activities.Keywords: Marketing Communications, Integrated Marketing Communication, Pandemic ABSTRAKSesuatu yang baru dari perusahaan, entah itu inovasi, kebijakan dan pencapaian terbaru dari perusahaan, idealnya harus dikomunikasikan dan dipasarkan kepada masyarakat dalam kondisi apapun, termasuk di masa pandemi. Pada masa ini, semua perusahaan mendapat tantangan untuk memasarkan produk dan jasanya, dibutuhkan strategi khusus agar tujuan perusahaan tercapai. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan aktivitas Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) yang dilakukan oleh PT Blue Bird Tbk dalam memperkenalkan inovasi terbaru perusahaan, yaitu aplikasi My Bluebird 5 di masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dan pengumpulan data terbagi menjadi dua yaitu primer melalui wawancara dan observasi; serta data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dan hasil liputan media. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah PT Blue Bird Tbk telah menerapkan konsep komunikasi pemasasaran terpadu untuk memperkenalkan aplikasi My Bluebird 5 di tengah masa pandemi melalui berbagai macam taktik mulai dari kegiatan periklanan, public relations, pemasaran internet, promosi penjualan dan pemasaran langsung.Kata Kunci: Marketing Communications, Integrated Marketing Communication, Pandemi
TAXONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES OF DARK GREY SOIL
Authors: Sherstoboeva O. V. , Demianiuk O. S. 
Published: November 2021

We analyzed the functional and taxonomic structure of microbial community of dark grey soil, depending on the effects of the weather and fertilizer systems. It was shown that fallow soil is characterized by integrated and more stable microbial community compared with agroecosystems soil. However, under the effect of such abiotic factors as increased average monthly temperatures and moisture deficiency, some imbalance of trophic interactions in microbiocenosis is observed.
Agroecosystems are characterized by less stable functional and taxonomic structure of the soil, which is defined by the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and types of fertilizers applied. This is supported by a smaller number of correlations and a simplified structure of correlation pleiades of the soil of agroecosystems during unfavourable periods of vegetation periods, especially in the soil without fertilizers and using only mineral fertilizers. The use of organic and mineral fertilizer system brings the state of the soil microbiocenosis of agroecosystems soil to that of fallow soil.
Pelatihan Manajemen Bisnis Ikan Hias Karang : Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Nelayan di Pulau Barrang Lompo
Authors: Abdullah Akmal , Kasmi Mauli , Karma Karma , Ilyas Ilyas 
Published: November 2021

Abstrak Kegiatan pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan kepada mitra UKM dan kelompok nelayan agar terjadi peningkatan dalam pendapatan mitra. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Pulau Barrang Lompo Kota Makassar. Adapun metode dan tahapan pengabdian yang digunakan adalah Tahap desk study, tahap memberikan sosialilasi atau pelatihan terkait manajemen bisnis ikan karang hias dan tahap penerapan teknologi ikan hias dan karang hias dan pendampingan kepada mitra selama pemiliharaan karang hias serta tahap Evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini bisa dilihat dari meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra dalam penerapan manajemen bisnis yang baik jika serta tata kelola usaha. meningkatnya pengetahuan tentang teknik pemasaran ikan hias karang yang lebih modern, tertibnya pengadministrasi keuangan usaha mitra, sehingga pembukuan usaha mitra sudah tercatat dengan baik dan benar dan pengetahuan tentang regulasi pemerintah tentang perdagangan bisnis ikan hias karang.Kata Kunci : Manajemen Bisnis, Ikan Hias Karang, UKM.Abstract This training activity aims to provide understanding and skills to SME partners and fishing groups so that there is an increase in partner income. This activity was carried out on Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar City. The methods and stages of service used are the desk study stage, the stage of providing socialization or training related to ornamental reef fish business management and the stage of applying ornamental fish and ornamental coral technology and assistance to partners during the selection of ornamental corals and the Evaluation stage. The results of this service activity can be seen from the increased knowledge and skills of partners in implementing good business management as well as business governance. increased knowledge of more modern coral ornamental fish marketing techniques, orderly financial administration of partner businesses, so that the partner's business books have been recorded properly and correctly and knowledge of government regulations regarding trade of coral ornamental fish business.Key Words : Business Management, Coral Ornamental Fish, SmeS.
TEACHER-STUDENTS CLASSROOM INTERACTIONS OF PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS III IN KATSINA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Ibrahim Bello , Dodo Hannatu Isa , Aliyu Garba A'isha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The paper investigates the teacher-student interactions during English lessons at SS III Public Schools of Katsina Metropolis. The reason that triggered the research was the mass failure of students especially at Senior Secondary Examinations. The paper used the constructivist theory as a theoretical framework. It also used teachers’ and students’ questionnaires, a Target Language Observation Scheme (TALOS) and audio recorded lessons in the schools observed as instruments for data collection. Six schools were examined out of twelve. A total number of 6 teachers and 132 students were selected as the sample of the study. All six teachers were observed, and the lessons were recorded at different times. Simple Frequency Counts and Percentages were the basis used for the analysis of the data collected. The findings revealed that teacher-student interactions need to be improved as teachers gave room for the students to participate in the interactions but unfortunately, they remained idle in the class. For this reason, most of the class activities were solely performed by the teachers.
Keywords: Teacher-students, Classroom, Interactions, Target Language Observation Scheme
Hibah as an Alternative Method of Distribution in Malaysia: The Importance of Using Social Media as a Medium in Raising Muslims’ Awareness About Hibah Products
Authors: Azmi Amylia Fuziana , Nik Saleh Nik Salida Suhaila , Zakaria Mohamad Zaharuddin 
Published: November 2021

Previous researches have proven that the problem of frozen assets in Malaysia is increasing every year where the amount reached RM70 billion in year 2020. In recent days, hibah has been suggested as one of the important methods in distributing Muslims’ properties in Malaysia. In fact, this effort is seen as an attempt to facilitate the issue of frozen assets in Malaysia. This situation has inspired the authors to raise the awareness among public on the importance of using hibah as an alternative method in Islamic estate planning in Malaysia. This study discovers that social media plays a vital role in raising the awareness about hibah among Muslims as it can be easily published and accessed by the public. It is hoped that this study will be beneficial for the public to understand the role of social media in disseminating information about hibah as an alternative distribution method and to also able to cater the issue of frozen assets in Malaysia. This study recommends for a future study to be carried out by other researchers to tackle the issue of the role of social media influencers in promoting hibah. This study applies a doctrinal legal approach where the data collection is based on a library-based research as well as observations on YouTube videos.
A Brief Overview of the Integrated Fish Farming of Three Commercially Popular Fish Species (Snakehead, Tilapia and Catfish) in Malaysia
Authors: Bin Mohd Khatib Mohd Azim , Mat Jais Abdull Manan 
Published: November 2021

Aquaculture industry in Malaysia involves culture of many fish species of either fresh or brackish water origin and among the important fish species are Snakehead, Tilapia and Catfish. There is a substantial culture of these fish in Malaysia nowadays, though there are not one hundred percent native fish species but their presence in Malaysia is getting closer to over several decades and for almost a decade now, these species had been among the highest finfish produced in either fresh or brackish waters. As the global aquaculture production continue growing in order to meet up with ever increasing fish demand, especially as fish from capture has levelled off and makes an increase in aquaculture production as the only hope to meet the demand for fish, one of suggested ways in culturing them is by venturing into integrated fish farming. Integrated fish farming of different species is a practice which links together two or more normally separate farming systems, whereby the fish from different species become subsystems of a whole farming system. Although integrated fish farming may not be huge globally based on the available official statistical data but it is becoming important industry in Malaysia and neighboring countries. This review discussed briefly about the integrated fish farming of three commercially popular species (Snakehead, Tilapia and Catfish) in Malaysia and neighboring countries.
Implementasi dan Analisis Fitur Keamanan Protokol MQTT pada Telehealthcare
Authors: Dian Rachmadini  , Ira Puspasari  , Jusak  
Published: November 2021

Protokol MQTT merupakan salah satu protokol IoT dengan konsep publisher, subscriber, dan broker. Penerapan protokol MQTT dengan fitur keamanan dapat menggunakan Transport Layer Security (TLS). Pada makalah ini, fitur keamanan TLS pada MQTT akan diimplementasikan untuk mengirim data sinyal EKG. Sinyal EKG berbeda setiap orang dan merupakan privasi bagi pasien, karena dari sinyal EKG ini juga dapat digunakan untuk melihat penyakit pasien tersebut. Proses transmisi pada MQTT Security (MQTTS) akan menggunakan file kunci yang telah dibuat oleh broker. File kunci ini akan diberikan kepada client supaya bisa melakukan komunikasi, mengirim dan menerima data yang telah terenkripsi. Enkripsi data dilakukan karena adanya file kunci ini sehingga proses transmisi lebih aman. Hasil analisis perhitungan selisih besar paket sebelum dan setelah pengiriman pada QoS 0 adalah 152,6458 byte dan 139,4504 byte. Sedangkan QoS 1 sebesar 99,7932 byte dan 115,5321 byte. Kedua QoS menunjukkan selisih yang cukup besar, tetapi disisi lain pegiriman data menjadi lebih aman. Pada pengujian waktu yang diperlukan untuk proses enkripsi, QoS 0 menghasilkan waktu rata-rata 0,7 ms, QoS 1 menunjukkan hasil lebih lama yaitu 9,6 ms dikarenakan penambahan sinyal kontrol pada QoS 1. Hasil uji integritas data dengan cross-correlation , QoS 0 dan QoS 1 menunjukkan nilai 1 pada lag ke-0 yang artinya data yang dikirim dan diterima tidak terdapat perubahan (sama).
Rancang Bangun Website Informasi Pemesanan Lapangan Olahraga
Authors: Michael Randicha G.S  , Yuwono Marta Dinata  
Published: November 2021

Pada saat ini, olahraga tidaklah lagi hanya menjadi cara untuk meningkatkan kesehatan jasmani, akan tetapi sudah menjadi gaya hidup di masyarakat. Pemerintah kota Surabaya telah membangun dan menyediakan 403 lapangan olahraga yang dapat digunakan secara gratis, hal ini menunjukkan semangat masyarakat surabaya untuk sehat dengan berolahraga didukung oleh pemerintah kota Surabaya. Maka dari itu, hal ini merupakan suatu peluang bagi pebisnis untuk dapat mengelola lapangan olahraga secara professional. Berdasarkan pada survey yang telah dilakukan, peminat olahraga memiliki kendala dimana lapangan penuh ketika ingin dipesan, pemesanan hanya dapat dilakukan secara langsung atau hanya melalui telepon, dan mereka tidak ingin datang ke tempat olahraga hanya untuk melakukan pemesanan. Maka dari itu, dilakukan penelitian dan perancanaan dalam pembuatan sebuah sistem informasi pengelolaan dan pemesanan lapangan olahraga, sistem informasi ini akan menggunakan framework berbasis bahasa pemrograman PHP yaitu Laravel. Berdasarkan pada pengujian yang telah dilakukan, aplikasi telah berhasil dalam melakukan pengecekan dan validasi terhadap data masukan. Aplikasi dapat dinyatakan berjalan dan berfungsi dengan baik.
Impact of PREX-II and Combined Radio/NICER/XMM-Newton’s Mass–radius Measurement of PSR J0740+6620 on the Dense-matter Equation of State
Authors: Biswas Bhaskar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the impact of the following laboratory experiments and astrophysical observation of neutron stars (NSs) on their equation of state (EoS): (a) the new measurement of neutron skin thickness of 208Pb,

R

skin

208

=
0.29
±
0.07

fm by the PREX-II experiment; (b) the mass measurement of PSR J0740+6620 has been slightly revised down by including additional ∼1.5 yr of pulsar timing data. As well as the radius measurement of PSR J0740+6620 by joint NICER/XMM-Newton collaboration, which has a similar size to PSR J0030+0451. We combine this information using Bayesian statistics along with the previous LIGO/Virgo and NICER observations of NS using a hybrid nuclear+piecewise-polytrope EoS parameterization. Our findings are as follows. (a). Adding PREX-II result yields the value of empirical parameter

L
=

69

−
19

+
21

MeV,

R

skin

208

=

0.20

−
0.05

+
0.05

fm, and radius of a 1.4 M
⊙ (

R

1.4

)
=

12.75

−
0.54

+
0.42

km at 1σ confidence interval. We find these inferred values are mostly dominated by the combined astrophysical observations as the measurement uncertainty in

R

skin

208

by PREX-II is much broader. Also, a better measurement of

R

skin

208

might have a small effect on the radius of low-mass NSs but, for the high masses, there will be almost no effect. (b) After adding the revised mass and radius measurement of PSR J0740+6620, we find the inferred radii of NSs are slightly pushed toward the larger values and the uncertainty on the radius of a 2.08 M
⊙ NS is moderately improved.
Localized Acceleration of Energetic Particles by a Weak Shock in the Solar Corona
Authors: Long David M. , Reid Hamish A. S. , Valori Gherardo , O’Kane Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Globally propagating shocks in the solar corona have long been studied to quantify their involvement in the acceleration of energetic particles. However, this work has tended to focus on large events associated with strong solar flares and fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), where the waves are sufficiently fast to easily accelerate particles to high energies. Here we present observations of particle acceleration associated with a global wave event which occurred on 2011 October 1. Using differential emission measure analysis, the global shock wave was found to be incredibly weak, with an Alfvén Mach number of ∼1.008–1.013. Despite this, spatially resolved type iii radio emission was observed by the Nançay RadioHeliograph at distinct locations near the shock front, suggesting localized acceleration of energetic electrons. Further investigation using magnetic field extrapolation identified a fan structure beneath a magnetic null located above the source active region, with the erupting CME contained within this topological feature. We propose that a reconfiguration of the coronal magnetic field driven by the erupting CME enabled the weak shock to accelerate particles along field lines initially contained within the fan and subsequently opening into the heliosphere, producing the observed type iii emission. These results suggest that even weak global shocks in the solar corona can accelerate energetic particles via reconfiguration of the surrounding magnetic field.
Building Better Spin Models for Merging Binary Black Holes: Evidence for Nonspinning and Rapidly Spinning Nearly Aligned Subpopulations
Authors: Galaudage Shanika , Talbot Colm , Nagar Tushar , Jain Deepnika , Thrane Eric , Mandel Ilya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent work paints a conflicting portrait of the distribution of black hole spins in merging binaries measured with gravitational waves. Some analyses find that a significant fraction of merging binaries contain at least one black hole with a spin tilt >90° with respect to the orbital angular momentum vector, which has been interpreted as a signature for dynamical assembly. Other analyses find that the data are consistent with a bimodal population in which some binaries contain black holes with negligible spin while the rest contain black holes with spin vectors preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum vector. In this work, we scrutinize models for the distribution of black hole spins to pinpoint possible failure modes in which the model yields a faulty conclusion. We reanalyze data from the second LIGO–Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog (GWTC-2) using a revised spin model, which allows for a subpopulation of black holes with negligible spins. In agreement with recent results by Roulet et al., we show that the GWTC-2 detections are consistent with two distinct subpopulations. We estimate that 69%–90% (90% credible interval) of merging binaries contain black holes with negligible spin χ ≈ 0. The remaining binaries are part of a second subpopulation in which the spin vectors are preferentially (but not exactly) aligned to the orbital angular momentum. The black holes in this second subpopulation are characterized by spins of χ ∼ 0.5. We suggest that the inferred spin distribution is consistent with the hypothesis that all merging binaries form via the field formation scenario.
Confirmation of Iron Emission Lines and Nondetection of TiO on the Dayside of KELT-9b with MAROON-X
Authors: Kasper David , Bean Jacob L. , Line Michael R. , Seifahrt Andreas , Stürmer Julian , Pino Lorenzo , Désert Jean-Michel , Brogi Matteo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present dayside thermal emission observations of the hottest exoplanet KELT-9b using the new MAROON-X spectrograph. We detect atomic lines in emission with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 using cross-correlation with binary masks. The detection of emission lines confirms the presence of a thermal inversion in KELT-9b’s atmosphere. We also use M-dwarf stellar masks to search for TiO, which has recently been invoked to explain the unusual Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 spectrum of the planet. We find that the KELT-9b atmosphere is inconsistent with the M-dwarf masks. Furthermore, we use an atmospheric retrieval approach to place an upper limit on the TiO volume mixing ratio of 10−8.5 (at 99% confidence). This upper limit is inconsistent with the models used to match the WFC3 data, which require at least an order of magnitude more TiO, thus suggesting the need for an alternate explanation of the space-based data. Our retrieval results also strongly prefer an inverted temperature profile and atomic/ion abundances largely consistent with the expectations for a solar composition gas in thermochemical equilibrium. The exception is the retrieved abundance of Fe+, which is about 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than predictions. These results highlight the growing power of high-resolution spectrographs on large ground-based telescopes to characterize exoplanet atmospheres when used in combination with new retrieval techniques.
What is Exceptional about Solar Activity in the Early Phase of Cycle 25?
Authors: Jain Kiran , Lindsey Charles , Tripathy Sushanta C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019 December and has been progressing nominally since. However, a closely associated pair of strong active regions, NOAA 12786 and 12785, emerged in 2020 November. The greater, northern component, 12786, attained a maximum sunspot area of 1000 μHemi. The sudden, uncharacteristic emergence of such a large concentration of intense magnetic flux in the early phase of the solar cycle has not been seen in previous cycles. Although the active region pair survived for two Carrington rotations, it did not produce any X- or M-class flares. Here we remark on the evolution of NOAA 12786 and 12785, first in the Sun’s invisible and subsequently the visible hemispheres, and compare the irradiance and other characteristic profiles it manifested in the early ascending phase of cycle 25 with those of previous solar cycles.