bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host PDZ‐containing proteins targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Caillet‐Saguy Célia , Durbesson Fabien , Rezelj Veronica V. , Gogl Gergö , Tran Quang Dinh , Twizere Jean‐Claude , Vignuzzi Marco , Vincentelli Renaud , Wolff Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Small linear motifs targeting protein interacting domains called PSD‐95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) have been identified at the C terminus of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) proteins E, 3a, and N. Using a high‐throughput approach of affinity‐profiling against the full human PDZome, we identified sixteen human PDZ binders of SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins E, 3A, and N showing significant interactions with dissociation constants values ranging from 3 to 82 μm. Six of them (TJP1, PTPN13, HTRA1, PARD3, MLLT4, LNX2) are also recognized by SARS‐CoV while three (NHERF1, MAST2, RADIL) are specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 E protein. Most of these SARS‐CoV‐2 protein partners are involved in cellular junctions/polarity and could be also linked to evasion mechanisms of the immune responses during viral infection. Among the binders of the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins E, 3a, or N, seven significantly affect viral replication under knock down gene expression in infected cells. This PDZ profiling identifying human proteins potentially targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2 can help to understand the multifactorial severity of COVID19 and to conceive effective anti‐coronaviral agents for therapeutic purposes.
Pr‐favoured variants of the bacteriophytochrome from the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris hint on light regulation of virulence‐associated mechanisms
Authors: Conforte Valeria , Otero Lisandro Horacio , Toum Laila , Sirigu Serena , Antelo Giuliano Tomás , Rinaldi Jimena , Foscaldi Sabrina , Klinke Sebastián , Chavas Leonard Michel Gabriel , Vojnov Adrián Alberto , Goldbaum Fernando Alberto , Malamud Florencia , Bonomi Hernán Ruy 
Published: April 2021

Red/far‐red light‐sensing bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor (BphP) pathways play key roles in bacterial physiology and ecology. These bilin‐binding proteins photoswitch between two states, Pr (red absorbing) and Pfr (far‐red absorbing). The isomerization of the chromophore and the downstream structural changes result in the light signal transduction. The agricultural pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) code for a single bathy‐like type BphP (XccBphP), previously shown to negatively regulate several light‐mediated biological processes involved in virulence. Here, we generated three different full‐length variants with single amino acid changes within its GAF domain that affect the XccBphP photocycle favouring its Pr state: L193Q, L193N and D199A. While D199A recombinant protein locks XccBphP in a Pr‐like state, L193Q and L193N exhibit a significant enrichment of the Pr form in thermal equilibrium. The X‐ray crystal structures of the three variants were solved, resembling the wild‐type protein in the Pr state. Finally, we studied the effects of altering the XccBphP photocycle on the exopolysaccharide xanthan production and stomatal aperture assays as readouts of its bacterial signalling pathway. Null‐mutant complementation assays show that the photoactive Pr‐favoured XccBphP variants L193Q and L193N tend to negatively regulate xanthan production in vivo. In addition, our results indicate that strains expressing these variants also promote stomatal apertures in challenged plant epidermal peels, compared to wild‐type Xcc. The findings presented in this work provide new evidence on the Pr state of XccBphP as a negative regulator of the virulence‐associated mechanisms by light in Xcc.
Can Antarctica's shallow zoobenthos ‘bounce back’ from iceberg scouring impacts driven by climate change?
Authors: Zwerschke Nadescha , Morley Simon A. , Peck Lloyd S. , Barnes David K. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAll coastal systems experience disturbances and many across the planet are under unprecedented threat from an intensification of a variety of stressors. The West Antarctic Peninsula is a hotspot of physical climate change and has experienced a dramatic loss of sea‐ice and glaciers in recent years. Among other things, sea‐ice immobilizes icebergs, reducing collisions between icebergs and the seabed, thus decreasing ice‐scouring. Ice disturbance drives patchiness in successional stages across seabed assemblages in Antarctica's shallows, making this an ideal system to understand the ecosystem resilience to increasing disturbance with climate change. We monitored a shallow benthic ecosystem before, during and after a 3‐year pulse of catastrophic ice‐scouring events and show that such systems can return, or bounce back, to previous states within 10 years. Our long‐term data series show that recovery can happen more rapidly than expected, when disturbances abate, even in highly sensitive cold, polar environments.
Current and future carbon stocks in coastal wetlands within the Great Barrier Reef catchments
Authors: Duarte de Paula Costa Micheli , Lovelock Catherine E. , Waltham Nathan J. , Young Mary , Adame Maria F. , Bryant Catherine V. , Butler Don , Green David , Rasheed Michael A. , Salinas Cristian , Serrano Oscar , York Paul H. , Whitt Ashley A. , Macreadie Peter I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAustralia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments include some of the world's most intact coastal wetlands comprising diverse mangrove, seagrass and tidal marsh ecosystems. Although these ecosystems are highly efficient at storing carbon in marine sediments, their soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and the potential changes resulting from climate impacts, including sea level rise are not well understood. For the first time, we estimated SOC stocks and their drivers within the range of coastal wetlands of GBR catchments using boosted regression trees (i.e. a machine learning approach and ensemble method for modelling the relationship between response and explanatory variables) and identified the potential changes in future stocks due to sea level rise. We found levels of SOC stocks of mangrove and seagrass meadows have different drivers, with climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall and solar radiation, showing significant contributions in accounting for variation in SOC stocks in mangroves. In contrast, soil type accounted for most of the variability in seagrass meadows. Total SOC stock in the GBR catchments, including mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes, is approximately 137 Tg C, which represents 9%–13% of Australia's total SOC stock while encompassing only 4%–6% of the total extent of Australian coastal wetlands. In a global context, this could represent 0.5%–1.4% of global SOC stock. Our study suggests that landward migration due to projected sea level rise has the potential to enhance carbon accumulation with total carbon gains between 0.16 and 0.46 Tg C and provides an opportunity for future restoration to enhance blue carbon.
Information exchange in governance networks—Who brokers across political divides?
Authors: Angst Mario , Brandenberger Laurence 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe exchange of information among organizations is the lifeblood of governance networks. It is a necessary condition for successful governance. Political divides between organizations often impede information exchange. We ask which organizations are most likely to broker information across political divides. We consider survey (n = 312) evidence of technical information exchange in Swiss water governance. Bayesian exponential random graph modeling results show that scientific organizations play crucial roles for cross‐divide brokerage. To a lesser extent, this also holds for higher‐level governmental agencies. Participation in policy forums is associated with a higher likelihood of brokering across political divides. There is however no clear benefit to participating in more than two or three forums. We conclude that an active role played by scientific organizations is the most promising avenue to increase information flow across political divides. Beyond this, we suggest setting up carefully constructed exchange forums and selectively engaging moderate members of subgroups.
GATA2 participates in the recanalization of lymphatic vessels after surgical lymph node extirpation
Authors: Watanabe‐Asaka Tomomi , Hayashi Moyuru , Uemura Satoshi , Takai Jun , Suzuki Akane , Moriguchi Takashi , Kawai Yoshiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLymphatic recanalization failure after lymphadenectomy constitutes a major risk of lymphedema in cancer surgery. It has been reported that GATA2, a zinc finger transcription factor, is expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is involved in the development of fetal lymphatic vessels. GATA3, another member of the GATA family of transcription factors, is required for the differentiation of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and is essential for lymph node formation. However, how GATA2 and GATA3 function in recanalization after the surgical extirpation of lymphatic vessels has not been elucidated. Employing a new model of lymphatic recanalization, we examined the lymphatic reconnection process in Gata2 heterozygous deficient (Gata2+/−) and Gata3 heterozygous deficient (Gata3+/−) mice. We found that lymphatic recanalization was significantly impaired in Gata2+/− mice, while Gata3+/− mice rarely showed such abnormalities. Notably, the perturbed lymphatic recanalization in the Gata2+/− mice was partially restored by crossing with the Gata3+/− mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that GATA2 participates in the regeneration of damaged lymphatic vessels and the unexpected suppressive activity of GATA3 against lymphatic recanalization processes.
Study of health information needs among adolescents in Croatia shows distinct gender differences in information seeking behaviour
Authors: Martinović Ivana , Kim Sung Un , Stanarević Katavić Snježana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the health information needs of adolescents is the first step towards providing them with relevant information to aid them in their decision making regarding health issues.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to assess adolescents’ needs, perceptions and sources of health information.MethodsFour hundred sixty‐nine high school students in Osijek, Croatia, participated in this study by answering a questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using basic frequency and non‐parametric statistical methods.ResultsThe most popular health topics identified by adolescents in our study were nutrition, diseases, depression, relationships, sexual intercourse and alcohol. Adolescents consider their parents the most reliable personal source of health information (72.0%), while they perceive the Internet as the main non‐personal source of health information (29.8%). Adolescents wish to get more education about health issues at school (54.4%). Significant gender differences were found in adolescents’ needs, perceptions and sources of health information.ConclusionsIt is important to provide adolescents with systematic institutional health education and improve health advisory services and library/information services to assist adolescents in locating health information and resolving their health related questions.
Baked eggs: catastrophic heatwave‐induced reproductive failure in the desert‐adapted Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: McCowan Luke S. C. , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: April 2021

Animals living in arid or semi‐arid environments are frequently exposed to the challenge of dealing with extreme high ambient temperatures that are predicted to become more severe with a changing climate as heatwaves increase in frequency and severity. In addition to the adverse effects of heatwaves on adults, high temperatures are likely to have detrimental effects on breeding success. During incubation, parents need to regulate the temperature of their clutch within the optimal range for development and below levels that can lead to adverse effects on development or lethal outcomes. We report on the effects of a heatwave on a bout of summer breeding in a monitored population of wild Zebra Finches. One extended heatwave resulted in the complete mortality of 23 of 25 (95%) clutches laid before or during this event, with embryo mortality confirmed with the application of a heart rate monitor (98 of 100 eggs). We found that no embryo survived a cumulative exposure of 20 h or more at 40.5 °C during the incubation period. However, some embryos survived higher temperatures for shorter periods. Our findings demonstrate the catastrophic effects of heatwaves on avian reproduction, even in a species that is well adapted to a hot and unpredictable environment.
Understanding preadolescents as consumers: An exploratory study on their food purchase behaviour
Authors: Mandal Madhu , Tripathi Manas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to understand preadolescents as consumers and to conceptualize the process involved in their food purchase behaviour. Extant literature suggests that behaviour intention is generated as a combined effect of an individual's attitude towards consumption of the product and the subjective norms that one is exposed to. The present paper advocates that this combined effect does not necessarily lead to purchase intention amongst preadolescents and further investigates how they develop purchase intention and behaviour. A conceptual framework has been developed using the insights obtained from a thorough review of the literature and qualitative thematic analysis of 36 in‐depth interviews conducted with preadolescents (9–14 years old) in the context of their food consumption behaviour. The paper proposes an attitude–motivation–behaviour framework which postulates that a favourable socialized attitude, a strong drive and a high perceived effort collectively create high motivation to purchase, leading to purchase behaviour intention, which in turn leads to purchase behaviour amongst preadolescents. The study provides a sequential process through which preadolescents make purchase decisions; hence the proposed conceptual framework, after a quantitative validation, may serve as a guideline for marketers in targeting preadolescent segments.
The lived experiences of people with inflammatory bowel diseases: A phenomenological hermeneutic study
Authors: Demirtas Ayla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this research was to provide an in‐depth study about the life experiences of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.MethodsThe phenomenological (hermeneutic) method was used to analyse data. The data were collected between March 25 and July 1, 2019. A homogeneous group of 25 patients were included as participants by purposeful sampling methods. Interviews were conducted in the hospital patient‐education room.ResultsThe results of this study emphasize the importance of understanding the fears, worries, difficulties and life experiences of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Three main themes were identified: a flare phase of the disease, a remission period and coping behaviours. Study findings included the experiences of social isolation; inability to perform daily activities of living and to work; stress in the flare phase of the disease; concerns about the future in the remission phase and physical and spiritual strategies used for coping.ConclusionCoping with the physical symptoms and emotional difficulties of inflammatory bowel diseases can prevent patients from living a normal life. The results of this article highlight the importance of understanding the fear, anxiety, difficulties and life experiences of these patients.
Prediction of genomic breeding values of milk traits in Brazilian Saanen goats
Authors: de Sousa Diego Rodrigues , do Nascimento André Vieira , Lôbo Raimundo Nonato Braga 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe study’s objective was to compare the genomic prediction ability methods for the traits milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell count of Saanen Brazilian goats. Nine hundred forty goats, genotyped with an Axiom_OviCap (Caprine) panel, Affimetrix customized array with 62,557 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were used for the genomic selection analyses. The genomic methods studied to estimate the effects of SNPs and direct genomic values (DGV) were as follows: (a) genomic BLUP (GBLUP), (b) Bayes Cπ and (c) Bayesian Lasso (BLASSO). Estimated breeding values (EBV) and deregressed estimated breeding values (dEBV) were used as response variables for the genomic predictions. The prediction ability was assessed by Pearson's correlation between DGV and response variables (EBV and dEBV). Regression coefficients of the response variables on the DGV were obtained to verify if the genomic predictions were biased. In addition, the mean square error of prediction (MSE) was used as a measure of verification of model fit to the data. The means of prediction accuracy, when EBV was used as a response variable, were 0.68, 0.68 and 0.67 for GBLUP, Bayes Cπ and BLASSO, respectively. With dEBV, the mean prediction accuracy was 0.50 for all models. The averages of the EBV regression coefficients on DGV were 1.08 for all models (GBLUP, Bayes Cπ and BLASSO), higher than those obtained for the regression coefficient of dEBV on DGV, which presented values of 1.05, 1.05 and 1.08 for GBLUP, Bayes Cπ and BLASSO, respectively. None of the methods stood out in terms of prediction ability; however, the GBLUP method was the most appropriate for estimating the DGV, in a slightly more reliable and less biased way, besides presenting the lowest computational cost. In the context of the present study, EBV was the preferred response variables considering the genomic prediction accuracy despite dEBV also presented lower bias.
Uninterrupted versus interrupted direct oral anticoagulation for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Asad Zain Ul Abideen , Akhtar Khawaja H. , Jafry Ali H. , Khan Muhammad Haris , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya R. , Gopinathannair Rakesh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the safety of uninterrupted versus interrupted direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) for patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies comparing uninterrupted versus interrupted DOAC for patients undergoing CA of AF. Primary outcome was major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included minor bleeding, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) or thromboembolism (TE), silent cerebral ischemic events, and cardiac tamponade. Meta‐analysis was stratified by study design. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects model and Mantel–Haenszel method was used to pool RR.ResultsA total of 13 studies (7 randomized, 6 observational) comprising 3595 patients were included. The RCT restricted analysis did not show any difference in terms of major bleeding (risk ratio [RR] = 0.79; [0.35–1.79]), minor bleeding (RR = 0.99 [0.68–1.43]), stroke or TIA or TE (RR = 0.80 [0.19–3.32]), silent cerebral ischemic events (RR = 0.64 [0.32–1.28]), and cardiac tamponade (RR = 0.61 [0.20–1.92]). Observational study restricted analysis showed a protective effect of uninterrupted DOAC on silent cerebral ischemic events (RR = 0.45 [0.31–0.67]) and no difference in other outcomes.ConclusionsThere is no difference in bleeding and thromboembolic outcomes with uninterrupted versus interrupted DOAC for CA of AF and observational data suggests that uninterrupted DOACs are protective against silent cerebral ischemic lesions.
Short‐term impact of nursing home SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations on new infections, hospitalizations, and deaths
Authors: Mor Vincent , Gutman Roee , Yang Xiaofei , White Elizabeth M. , McConeghy Kevin W. , Feifer Richard A. , Blackman Carolyn R. , Kosar Cyrus M. , Bardenheier Barbara H. , Gravenstein Stefan A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare rates of incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 30‐day hospitalization or death among residents with confirmed infection in nursing homes with earlier versus later SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine clinics.DesignMatched pairs analysis of nursing homes that had their initial vaccine clinics between December 18, 2020, and January 2, 2021, versus between January 3, 2021, and January 18, 2021. Matched facilities had their initial vaccine clinics between 12 and 16 days apart.Setting and ParticipantsTwo hundred and eighty nursing homes in 21 states owned and operated by the largest long‐term care provider in the United States.MeasurementsIncident SARS‐CoV‐2 infections per 100 at‐risk residents per week; hospital transfers and/or deaths per 100 residents with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection per day, averaged over a week.ResultsThe early vaccinated group included 136 facilities with 12,157 residents; the late vaccinated group included 144 facilities with 13,221 residents. After 1 week, early vaccinated facilities had a predicted 2.5 fewer incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infections per 100 at‐risk residents per week (95% CI: 1.2–4.0) compared with what would have been expected based on the experience of the late vaccinated facilities. The rates remained significantly lower for several weeks. Cumulatively over 5 weeks, the predicted reduction in new infections was 5.2 cases per 100 at‐risk residents (95% CI: 3.2–7.3). By 5 to 8 weeks post‐vaccine clinic, early vaccinated facilities had a predicted 1.1 to 3.8 fewer hospitalizations and/or deaths per 100 infected residents per day, averaged by week than expected based on late vaccinated facilities' experience for a cumulative on average difference of 5 events per 100 infected residents per day.ConclusionsThe SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines seem to have accelerated the rate of decline of incident infections, morbidity, and mortality in this large multi‐state nursing home population.
Association of hospitalization with driving reduction and cessation in older adults
Authors: Gaulton Timothy G. , Neuman Mark D. , Brown Rebecca T. , Betz Marian E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDriving has not been considered as part of the social cost of acute illness and may go unnoticed in the post‐hospital care of older adults. Decreases in driving after hospitalization and at‐risk populations have not been investigated.ObjectiveTo determine the association between driving reduction and cessation and hospitalization in older adults by using nationally representative data.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingHealth and Retirement Study survey from 2004 to 2014.ParticipantsAdults aged 65 years and older who were able to drive and had an available car (n = 12,110; 40,364 interviews).MeasurementsSelf‐report of a hospitalization requiring an overnight stay, changes in driving patterns including driving cessation or limitations over a 2‐year period, comorbid conditions, health utilization, and behaviors.ResultsOf hospitalizations in adults aged 65 years and older, 22% were associated with a decrease in driving patterns within 2 years. The relative risk of a reduction or cessation in driving was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.54, 1.70, p < 0.001) when there was a hospitalization compared with when a hospitalization did not occur. Baseline functional, cognitive, and visual impairment, fair or poor self‐rated health, and diabetes were identified as independent risk factors for decreased driving patterns after hospitalization.ConclusionsChanges in driving patterns are common after a hospitalization in older adults. The findings suggest that driving, although not a current goal of post‐hospital care, is important to the continued autonomy and community mobility of older adults and needs to be addressed as part of discharge planning and their recovery.