bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic Appearance of External Dacryocystorhinostomy Scar: A Comparison between W and C Shaped Incision
Authors: Kamil Zeeshan , Qurban Qirat , Mahmood Khalid 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare the post-operative appearance of external Dacryocystorhinostomy scar resulting from W and C shaped incisions.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Khalid eye clinic, Karachi, from July 2018 to June 2019.
Methods: We recruited ninety-six patients of nasolacrimal duct obstruction by convenience sampling technique. Age ranged from 20 to 50 years and both genders were included. Two groups were made. Group A comprised of patients who underwent external Dacryocystorhinostomy (Ex-DCR) surgery through W shaped incision and group B patients underwent Ex-DCR with curvilinear C shaped incision. Main outcome measure was to observe minimal to no visible scarring at wound site after six months of follow up. All patients were explained about the difference in incision technique and consent was obtained from each patient.
Results: Mean age was 34.3 ± 6.897 years. There were thirty-six (37.5%) males and sixty (62.5%) females. Right side was affected in forty-six (47.9%) cases whereas left side was involved in fifty (52.1%) cases. In Group A, 20 (41.6%) out of 48 patients, whereas in Group B, 38 (79.2%) out of 48 patients had no visible scar at all and it was statistically significant with a p-value of < 0.05. Suture abscess developed in four (8.3%) patients in group A, no other serious complications were observed in either group.
Conclusion: Curvilinear C shaped incision in Ex-DCR has better cosmetic outcome.
Key Words: External dacryocystorhinostomy, C shaped incision, W shaped incision.
Comparison of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with External Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Tariq Muhammad , Jamil Ahmad Zeeshan , Ali Shahid , Khalid Muhammad , Akash Ali 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare anatomical and functional success of Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with that of External Dacryocystorhinostomy.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, District Headquarter Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal, from July 2018 to July 2019.
Methods: Sixty patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction were selected by convenient sampling technique and were divided into two groups. Group 1 underwent endonasal DCR while group 2 underwent external DCR. Detailed history with regard to symptoms and duration of the obstruction was taken. Detailed ophthalmological and otolaryngological examination was performed. Patients were followed up for three months. Chi-square test was used to compare the success between two groups. Confidence level of 95% was used and p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Male to female ratio was 4:11. The most common presenting symptoms was epiphora that was present in all patients. Regurgitation of lacrimal sac was present in 75%, conjunctivitis was present in 53.33% and dacryocystitis was present in 41.66% patients. Anatomical success rate for endonasal DCR was 25 (83.33%) and for external DCR was 27 (90%). Functional success rate for endonasal DCR was 23 (76.67%) and for external DCR was 22 (73.33%). There was no statistically significant difference in the short term success of surgery between the two groups.
Conclusion: Endonasal DCR offers minimal invasive approach with comparable anatomical and functional results to the external DCR.
Key Words: Conjunctivitis, Dacryocystorhinostomy, Dacryocystitis, Epiphora.
Relationship between HbA1c Levels and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Jamshed Saima , Hanif Ayesha , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Zahid Nukhba , Imtiaz Hafiza Sadia 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To determine the relationship between HbA1c and severity of retinopathy in diabetic patients.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Eye department of DHQ-UTH Gujranwala, from July 2020 to Dec 2020.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study including 100 patients was conducted at eye department of DHQ-UTH Gujranwala from January 2018 to December 2018. After approval from institutional review board, written informed consent with demographic variables was collected from every patient. Patients of either gender between 40-80 years of age with both types I and type II diabetes were included in this study. Complete ophthalmic examination including Best Corrected Visual Acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann Applanation tonometry and fundus examination carried out. Diabetic retinopathy was classified from grade 0 to grade 5.
Results: Out of 100 patients, 46 (46%) were males and 54 (54%) were females. Mean age was 60 ± 2.4 years with a range of 40 – 80 years among males and 40 – 70 years among females. Forty patients presented with grade 1 diabetic retinopathy and 4% presented with grade 5. Thirty two patients had good glycemic control while 20% had glycemic control of grade III. Patients with grade 4 diabetic retinopathy had the worst glycemic control of HbA1c level of 11.5.
Conclusion: This study concluded that patients with poor glycemic control had severe diabetic retinopathy as compared to the patients with good diabetic control. There is a direct relation between HbA1c level and severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Key Words: HbA1C, Diabetic retinopathy, Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Vitreous hemorrhage.
Comparative Analysis of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness between Normal and Mild to Moderately Myopic Eyes
Authors: Nasreen Gul , Sarwar Shaheer Suhail , Bibi Irfana , Ashraf Muhammad Arslan 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To determine the difference between mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in myopic eyes (up to -6.00D) and normal eyes.
Study Design: Descriptive observational study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Eye department of Mayo hospital Lahore, from February 2019 to April 2019.
Methods: We compared the mean RNFL between 58 myopic eyes (up to -6.00 D) and age matched 60 normal eyes. The age of the participants was between 12 to 42 years. Complete ocular examination was done and RNFL thickness was measured by using Optical coherence tomography (NIDEX RS-33.0, software-ex 1.5.2).Data was analyzed by independent sample t-test by using SPSS; with P < .05 as significant.
Results: The mean difference among these groups was 5.852 µm with (SE: 1.929). Mean RNFL thickness in myopic group was (95.93 ± 10.158µm) with (SE: 1.334). The result for mean RNFL thickness in myopic eyes was distributed normally as P < .03. Mean RNFL in normal group was (101.78 ± 10.774 µm) with (SE: 1.391), and the result of mean RNFL thickness measured in normal eyes was not distributed normally as P < .20. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between mean RNFL thickness measured in normal versus myopic eyes as (P < .003).
Conclusion: There is a significance difference between mean RNFL thickness between myopic eyes and normal eyes as measured by OCT. Careful interpretation of RNFL data in myopic eyes is recommended to avoid misdiagnosis with glaucoma.
Key Words: Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer thickness, Myopia, Optical Coherence Tomography.
Surgical Outcome of Dacrystorhinostomy in Fistulous Dacryocystitis
Authors: Ahmed Noman , Shaikh Arsalan Ahmed , Ahmed Munawar , Narsani Ashok Kumar , Ali Bahoo Muhammad Luqman 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To study the surgical outcomes of Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in fistulous dacryocystitis.
Study Design: Quasi Experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: The detailed study was carried out in the Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro, between September 2018 to August 2020.
Material and Methods: We analyzed the histories of 30 patients taking the DCR procedure and noted their mean age, standard deviation, follow-up time, complications and other details. We also reported the intraoperative anatomical results, postoperative analysis, and variable groups vs. outcomes post-surgery using SPSS Version 20.
Results: The mean patient's age was 44.2 ± 4.13years, where males to female percentages were 27% to 73%. We noted significant changes in patients with a success rate of 87% displayed by no relieved epiphora and lacrimal patency in 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The mean time of the patients was 4 months varying between 1 to 8 (months) and the variable group values vs. surgical outcomes showed no significant association between the variables (p-value ranging from 0.195 to 0.935).
Conclusion: Complications resulting in some patient’s post-surgery are manageable and the surgical technique has a good success rate.
Key Words: (DCR) Dacryocystorhinostomy, lacrimal Patency, fistulous Dacryocystitis, Scarring.
PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF RELIABILITY SLIDING WOODEN ROAD BRIDGE
Authors: Сафронов В. С. , Габриелян Г. Е. , Киселев Д. А. , Антипов А. В. 
Published: November 2021

Описываются методика, алгоритм и программа определения параметров надежности длительно эксплуатируемого неразрезного деревянного автодорожного моста с учетом выявленных при обследовании дефектов и повреждений и разброса прочностных характеристик материалов, действующих нагрузок, размеров конструкции. Приводятся результаты численных исследований зависимостей логарифмических показателей надежности несущих прогонов в среднем сечении многоэлементных пролетных строений от совместного действия постоянных и временных нагрузок.
The paper describes a methodology, an algorithm, and a program for determining the reliability parameters of a continuous wooden road bridge in operation for a long time, taking into account the defects and damages identified during the examination and the scatter of strength characteristics of materials, acting loads, and dimensions of the structure. The results of numerical studies of the dependences of the logarithmic indicators of the reliability of bearing girders in the typical sections of multi-element span structures on the combined action of permanent and temporary loads are presented.
A Comprehensive Study of Multiflare GRB Spectral Lag
Authors: Chang X. Z. , Peng Z. Y. , Chen J. M. , Yin Y. , Wang D. Z. , Wu H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We select 48 multiflare gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) (including 137 flares) from the Swift/XRT database and estimate the spectral lag with the discrete correlation function. It is found that 89.8% of the flares have positive lags and only 9.5% of the flares show negative lags when fluctuations are taken into account. The median lag of the multiflares (2.75 s) is much greater than that of GRB pulses (0.18 s), which can be explained by the fact that we confirm that multiflare GRBs and multipulse GRBs have similar positive lag–duration correlations. We investigate the origin of the lags by checking the E
peak evolution with the two brightest bursts and find the leading models cannot explain all of the multiflare lags and there may be other physical mechanisms. All of the results above reveal that X-ray flares have the same properties as GRB pulses, which further supports the observation that X-ray flares and GRB prompt-emission pulses have the same physical origin.
Hidden Water in Magma Ocean Exoplanets
Authors: Dorn Caroline , Lichtenberg Tim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate that the deep volatile storage capacity of magma oceans has significant implications for the bulk composition, interior, and climate state inferred from exoplanet mass and radius data. Experimental petrology provides the fundamental properties of the ability of water and melt to mix. So far, these data have been largely neglected for exoplanet mass–radius modeling. Here we present an advanced interior model for water-rich rocky exoplanets. The new model allows us to test the effects of rock melting and the redistribution of water between magma ocean and atmosphere on calculated planet radii. Models with and without rock melting and water partitioning lead to deviations in planet radius of up to 16% for a fixed bulk composition and planet mass. This is within the current accuracy limits for individual systems and statistically testable on a population level. Unrecognized mantle melting and volatile redistribution in retrievals may thus underestimate the inferred planetary bulk water content by up to 1 order of magnitude.
Soil invertebrates of coniferous forests along a gradient of air pollution (Komi Republic)
Authors: Kolesnikova Alla , Konakova Tatyana , Taskaeva Anastasia , Kudrin Alexey 
Published: November 2021

The role of soil invertebrates in the cycle of substances, soil-forming processes and the provision of ecosystem services is undeniable. Therefore, soil invertebrates are valuable in bioindication studies. Comprehensive research of soil invertebrates in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC as the largest pulp and paper enterprise in the European part of Russia was initiated in 2003. A huge amount of data about composition, abundance and structure of soil macro- and mesofauna along an impact gradient was accumulated during the period from 2003 to 2019 years. These data can be used to study local biodiversity, monitor the state of soil invertebrate communities and assess the impact of the pulp and paper industry on the environment.Datasets here presented include information from a monitoring programme for soil invertebrates that inhabit coniferous forests in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (Komi Republic). The assemblages' structure of macrofauna, collembolans and nematodes are described. Information on the number of individuals of springtail species, nematodes genera and macrofauna taxa is given. A total of 11146 sampling events of macrofauna, 6673 sampling events of Collembola, and 2592 sampling events of Nematoda are recorded along a gradient of air pollution from pulp and paper industry emissions.
Égypte : affaiblir les islamistes en Libye
Authors: Mourad Hicham 
Published: November 2021

L’action de l’Égypte envers le conflit en Libye a été dictée, dès le début, par un intérêt majeur : empêcher les islamistes de dominer le pouvoir. Pour y parvenir, Le Caire a soutenu politiquement et militairement le chef de l’Armée nationale libyenne, Khalifa Haftar, qu’il considérait comme le meilleur rempart contre les islamistes. L’échec de Haftar à renverser le gouvernement d’accord national (GAN) en juin 2020, en raison de l’intervention militaire de la Turquie, a contraint l’Égypte à modifier sa politique et à s’ouvrir finalement aux formations, y compris islamistes, qui composent le GAN. Désormais, l’Égypte cherche à atteindre son objectif anti-islamiste à travers l’exercice de son nouveau rôle de médiateur entre protagonistes libyens.
Les errances de la politique de la France en Libye
Authors: Lombardi Roland 
Published: November 2021

Tout au long de la période s’étendant depuis la révolution libyenne du 15 février 2011 – à laquelle participa activement la France pour faire chuter le régime de Muammar Kadhafi – jusqu’à aujourd’hui, la politique de Paris en Libye connut des réajustements permanents. L’article présent se propose d’analyser l’évolution du rôle de la France durant ces dix dernières années de guerre civile.
Les salafistes libyens après la révolution
Authors: Blanc Théo , Collombier Virginie 
Published: November 2021

La révolution libyenne (2011) a profondément transformé le champ socio-politique salafiste et son rapport à l’État et au politique. Ces transformations recouvrent trois dynamiques principales : participation politique dans les instances de la transition, ‘milicisation’ dans le chaos sécuritaire libyen, et compétition dans le champ religieux entre mouvances salafistes. Celles-ci ont adopté des stratégies différentes pour répondre au nouvel environnement politico-militaire : influence par le bas pour les Madkhalis et influence par le haut pour les salafistes politiques et post-jihadistes. Par ailleurs, les dynamiques d’allégeance dans le contexte de polarisation Est-Ouest sont tributaires à la fois de l’équilibre des forces en présence et de considérations idéologiques. Dans un environnement politico-sécuritaire mouvant, il n’est toutefois pas toujours possible de faire coïncider impératifs idéologiques et impératifs stratégiques, lesquels semblent toujours primer sur l’idéologie.
Le développement du discours israélien sur l’association Breaking The Silence : quand les fils du peuple deviennent l’ennemi du peuple
Authors: Perelman Nitzan 
Published: November 2021

Cet article traite de la manière dont s’est développé le discours israélien sur l’association Breaking the Silence, de sa fondation en juin 2004 à la promulgation de la Loi Breaking The Silence en juillet 2018. En analysant ce discours dans trois sphères – politique, médiatique et civile –, il est possible de mettre en lumière la grande différence entre l’attention positive qu’attiraient les militants de l’association au début de leur travail et la manière dont on les qualifie actuellement en Israël : « les traîtres ». Il s’agit donc d’une analyse chronologique marquée par trois revirements principaux, influençant le discours public israélien en général et celui sur l’association en particulier : la seconde Intifada et les deux opérations militaires israéliennes à Gaza – Plomb Durci (2008) et Bordure protectrice (2014).
Mémoires et transmissions des guerres de Tchétchénie
Authors: Gloriozova Ekaterina 
Published: November 2021

Cet article propose quelques pistes pour élaborer une sociologie des souvenirs des vétérans russes des guerres de Tchétchénie. Quels sont les facteurs qui facilitent ou empêchent l’expression des souvenirs de guerre ? Qu’est-ce qui conduit certains vétérans à adopter une vision critique des mises en récit officielles des guerres de Tchétchénie ou de l’institution militaire tandis que d’autres y conforment leurs discours ? Si les souvenirs des vétérans russes portent la marque d’un contexte historique, politique et social spécifique, les représentations du passé s’insèrent également dans les trajectoires et ruptures biographiques, elles-mêmes tributaires des diverses socialisations des individus. Parmi celles-ci, le milieu professionnel, la famille et les groupes d’anciens combattants jouent un rôle particulièrement important dans l’encadrement et l’expression des souvenirs de guerre.
Espace psychique, lieu analytique, Makom
Authors: Chetrit-Vatine Viviane , Granek Michel 
Published: November 2021

Constatant l’apparente inévitabilité et la fréquence des métaphores spatiales dans les écrits psychanalytiques, les auteurs se penchent sur la raison d’être et les vicissitudes de ces métaphores. Ils étudient les caractéristiques de l’espace psychique, du lieu analytique, de leur interaction en mettant l’accent sur l’espace potentiel et l’agir. Partant du concept de séduction originaire, ils proposent celui de séduction éthique ; ils introduisent la notion de messages énigméthiques qui reprennent et dépassent les messages énigmatiques. En découle le concept d’espace matriciel qu’ils explicitent dans le cadre d’une métapsychologie prenant en compte sexual et infini. L’aspect théorico-pratique de l’analyse en Israël, en son contexte socio-politico-culturel est illustré par plusieurs cas cliniques. Ils proposent enfin la notion de Makom, espace de construction d’une hétéro-spatialité (et hétéro-temporalité), dans lequel la dimension spatio-temporelle est dépassée par celles d’éthique et d’infinité.
Discussion du rapport de Viviane Chetrit-Vatine et Michel Granek
Authors: Smadja Claude 
Published: November 2021

La discussion du rapport Chetrit-Granek porte sur deux questions majeures : l’importation d’un concept étranger dans le champ psychanalytique et l’éthique psychanalytique. L’auteur discute du point de vue épistémologique la pertinence d’importer, dans le champ de la psychanalyse, un concept philosophique, celui de responsabilité affectée et asymétrique pour l’autre, concept issu de la philosophie de Levinas. Par ailleurs l’auteur met en question la question éthique posée par les auteurs du rapport. Le supplément d’éthique dont les auteurs du rapport dotent l’analyste peut être source de conflits nouveaux pour le patient en raison de la nature de ses propres idéaux et de la qualité de son surmoi.
Survivance de la survie et « férocité d’inscription »
Authors: Cupa Dominique 
Published: November 2021

Partant du témoignage que lui a fait un survivant de Bergen Belsen, l’auteure avance que face à la destructivité nazie, l’après-coup soumis à l’impératif d’inscription articulant traces du passé et formations représentatives peut soutenir la survie de la survivance et sa transmission grâce au lien d’objet à long terme. Cependant, faute d’un « pourquoi » un trou noir psychique absorbe une part du processus d’inscription.
« Un mur tombe pendant la séance… »
Authors: Gampel Yolanda 
Published: November 2021

La réalité extérieure fait tomber les murs du congrès et les murs dans la séance. On a du mal avec les effets du télescopage entre théories normatives et ce nouveau désordre. Face à ce désordre, nous n’avons ni théories ni définitions permettant d’en déduire les effets. Obligés d’accepter que nous appartenions en même temps à de multiples strates, nous cheminons avec une dynamique d’errance. Les événements laissent des marques profondes de la douleur sociale sur les histoires individuelles et collectives. Leurs significations ainsi que leurs effets produisent une césure : un « avant » et un « après ». Dorénavant nous vivons un quotidien qui englobe à la fois l’avant et l’après, un « aujourd’hui » sans fin menaçant et douloureux.
Non-transmission et reniement. L’analyse quand même
Authors: Chauvet Évelyne 
Published: November 2021

Effets psychiques d’une non-transmission volontaire et imposée, associée à un reniement identitaire. Exemple d’une cure analytique consentie malgré la radicalité de la coupure avec le passé imposée. L’« analyse quand même », conduite sous le signe de la paradoxalité et du négatif, aura permis une reconstruction au moins partielle de l’historique manquant à partir de l’histoire de la cure.
Continuous infusion of lidocaine in pediatric colonoscopy
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Chengli , Wu Jiayao , Gao Ningyang , Li Kunwei , Li Yongle , Huang Xizhao , Huang Wei , Hu Zurong 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Propofol is commonly used for providing procedural sedation during pediatric colonoscopy. Intravenous (i.v.) lidocaine can mitigate visceral pain and reduce propofol requirements during surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of i.v. lidocaine on perioperative propofol and sufentanil dose, pulse oxygen saturation, postoperative pain score, and recovery time during pediatric colonoscopy.

Methods:
We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and enrolled 40 children aged from 3 to 10 years who underwent colonoscopy. After titration of propofol to achieve unconsciousness, the patients were given i.v. lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg later 2 mg/kg/ hour) or the same volume of saline. Sedation was standardized and combined propofol with sufentanil. The primary outcome variables were intraoperative propofol and sufentanil requirements, and the number of oxygen desaturation episodes. Secondary outcome variables were recovery time after colonoscopy and post-colonoscopy pain.

Results:
Lidocaine infusion resulted in a significant reduction in propofol requirements: (median (quartile) 1.8 (1.5-2.0) vs. 3.0 (2.8-3.3) mg/kg respectively; P < 0.001) and sufentanil requirements: (median (quartile) 0.06 (0.05-0.08) vs. 0.1 (0.1-0.1) μg/kg respectively; P < 0.001). The number of subjects who experienced oxygen desaturation below 95% in the lidocaine group was also significantly less than that in the control group: 1 vs. 6 (P = 0.04). The mean (SD) recovery time was significantly shorter in the lidocaine group: (19.2 (2.6) vs. 13.3 (2.6) min respectively; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in post-colonoscopy pain.

Conclusion:
Continuous infusion of lidocaine resulted in reduction of propofol and sufentanil requirements, recovery time, and risk of hypoxemia during pediatric colonoscopy.