bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of transcortical miniscrews for alveolar ridge preservation following tooth extraction: A pilot study
Authors: Joseph Surya , Oh Se‐Lim , Pae Eung‐Kwon , Joshi Shashank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this split‐mouth pilot study was to investigate the effects of a transcortical miniscrew placed over the buccal plate of an extraction socket for alveolar ridge preservation in humans.MethodsOne week after the extraction of bilateral maxillary premolars, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral digital imaging were performed (T0). A transcortical miniscrew was placed over the buccal plate of the extraction socket on one side (experiment), and the extraction socket on the contralateral side was left untreated (control). Follow‐up CBCT and intraoral digital imaging were performed at 8 months immediately after miniscrew removal (T8). Changes in the width of the alveolar bone and ridge were measured by superimposing T0 and T8 of CBCTs and intraoral digital scans.ResultsSix participants completed the study protocol. Overall, the experimental side with the miniscrew demonstrated less bone loss and less alveolar ridge reduction than the control side. Bone loss on the experimental side (0.7 ± 0.2 mm) was significantly less than that on the control side (1.3 ± 0.7 mm) at the apical level of the socket on axial CBCT imaging (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = .031). The experimental side (−18 ± 8%) exhibited less reduction in the alveolar ridge width than the control side (−21 ± 12%) at the crestal level on coronal superimposition of the intraoral digital scans.ConclusionsTranscortical miniscrew placement over the buccal plate of the extraction socket resulted in less resorption of the alveolar ridge and bone 8 months after tooth extraction.Clinical trial registrationNCT03205800: Temporary Anchorage Devices for Ridge Preservation (TAD).
The use of social media platforms to discuss and educate the public on allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Nguyen Morgan , Case Slaton , Botto Nina , Liszewski Walter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial media platforms are increasingly used by patients to research and discuss medical problems.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify by whom, how frequently, and in what manner allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is discussed on social media sites.MethodsSearch terms “allergic contact dermatitis” and “contact dermatitis” were queried across Twitter, Instagram, Reddit, Facebook, YouTube, and Google search metrics. The frequency, content, and creators of the content were assessed.ResultsACD content was identified on all platforms, generated by by patients, physicians, professional organizations, and companies. When comparing the volume of posts, more content was on Instagram than Twitter, particularly among patients. Patient support groups were identified on Facebook but not on Reddit. A formal analysis of YouTube videos found that the medical information presented in these videos was often of poor quality.ConclusionsPatch testing physicians should be aware that information on ACD exists across social media sites. While some content is generated by physicians, patients and industry groups also post and share material. Patch testing physicians should know that there is an opportunity to share ACD information, but they should also be aware that patients are posting and creating online support communities independent of physicians.Highlights
Online support communities exist for patients with ACD on Facebook.
Online information is of lower quality, with a mean QUEST quality score of 7.4/28 on reviewed YouTube videos.
Of the five social media sites reviewed, patients are most active on Instagram, Reddit, and Facebook.
Approximately 9000 Google searches per month are conducted using contact dermatitis‐related search terms.
Differences in terminology exist between physicians and non‐physicians. While the most popular hashtag term was “contact dermatitis”, physicians disproportionately authored posts tagged with “allergic contact dermatitis.”
Use of indocyanine green fluorescence guidance in redo ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease
Authors: Freund Michael R. , Kent Ilan , Agarwal Samir , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimRedo ileocolic resection in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with significant technical challenges that may be associated with high complication rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of near‐infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (ICG), often used to evaluate blood supply to the anastomosis in CD patients undergoing repeat ileocolic resection.MethodThis study was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent redo ileocolic resection using ICG bowel perfusion assessment between 2015 and 2021. Patients were matched and compared on a 1:2 basis with a control group undergoing the same procedure without perfusion assessment.ResultsTwelve patients underwent redo ileocolic resection with ICG perfusion assessment (ICG group). These were compared with 24 patients who underwent the procedure without ICG (control group). Both groups were similar in demographics and operative characteristics including median operating time (255 vs. 255.5 min, p = 0.39) and conversion rate (22% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.68). Median estimated blood loss was significantly higher in the ICG group [150 (50–400) vs. 100 ml (20–125)]. Successful ICG perfusion assessment was seen in all patients in the ICG group and did not change management in any case. Overall postoperative complication rates were comparable between the groups (58.3% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.72). No anastomotic leaks occurred in the ICG group compared with one (1/24, 4.2%) in the control group (p = 0.99).ConclusionFluorescence ICG perfusion assessment is feasible and safe in redo ileocolic resection in patients with CD. Larger studies are needed to evaluate whether this technique should be routinely used in these complex surgical interventions.
Temporal trends and current use of de novo belatacept in kidney transplant recipients in the United States
Authors: Karadkhele Geeta , Duneton Charlotte , Garro Rouba , Badell Idelberto Raul , Pearson Thomas C. , Larsen Christian P. , Hogan Julien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe adoption of de novo belatacept in kidney transplant (kTx) recipients was hampered by an increased risk of acute cellular rejection (ACR) with variation in adopted belatacept based immunosuppressive therapies across centers. We used data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) to evaluate the temporal trends in belatacept use and describe the associated induction and maintenance regimens in US adult kTx recipients transplanted between June 2011 and December 2018. The number of patients receiving de novo‐belatacept based immunosuppressive therapy increased from .74% in 2011 to 3.11% in 2016. In 2016, 66/207 centers used de novo belatacept‐based regimen with 3.03% using it in over 50% of their patients. The use of T‐cell depleting agents increased with time. Since 2012, the rate of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) use in combination with belatacept remained stable around 50% and ∼30% remained under belatacept/CNI combination at 1‐year post‐transplantation. The adoption of belatacept as de novo immunosuppressive regimen has been slow and its use remains low in the United States. Various regimens have been used to modulate the risk of ACR. Further studies evaluating the long‐term outcomes of these regimens and assessing their safety especially with regard to the risk of infection are needed.
Cytological scoring for pancreatic specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration
Authors: Kiso Yuri , Matsuda Yoko , Esaka Shikine , Nakajima Yuri , Shirahata Hiroto , Fujii Yuko , Matsukawa Miho , Kakizaki Mototsune , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Tomio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveCytological diagnosis of pancreatic specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is often challenging because of the small sample size or well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma with weak cytological atypia. Therefore, the sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis for pancreatic cancer should be improved. Hence, we aimed to clarify the utility of cytological scoring to distinguish malignant from benign lesions for cytological diagnosis of pancreatic EUS‐FNA specimens.MethodsSeven reviewers, including four cytotechnologists and three medical doctors, evaluated 20 morphological indices in pancreatic specimens obtained by EUS‐FNA (malignant, n = 111; benign, n = 31). Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test, logistic regression analysis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and Youden index.ResultsAmong the 20 indices, there was a high incidence rate (>40%) of the following 13 indices in malignant cases: irregular structure, hyperchromatic nucleus, irregular cell polarity, unclear cell boundaries, nuclear membrane thickening, anisonucleosis, overlapping, irregular nuclei, high nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio, binding decline, the simultaneous appearance of malignant and benign cells, enlarged nucleoli, and background necrosis. When we diagnosed pancreatic specimens using these 13 cytological indices, the cut‐off value of 8/9 showed the highest Youden index (0.950) as well as high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing malignant from benign specimens (98% and 97%, respectively).ConclusionThirteen cytological indices showed high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating malignant and benign lesions using pancreatic EUS‐FNA samples. All 13 indices were important for diagnosing malignancy in the pancreatic cytology smear of EUS‐FNA. Further validation studies are required.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3: impact on early haematopoietic reconstitution following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Weischendorff Sarah , Sengeløv Henrik , Juul Anders , Nielsen Claus H. , Ryder Lars P. , Kielsen Katrine , Müller Klaus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate whether high endogenous levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and its binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) were related to a faster reconstitution of different blood cell populations in the early phase after allogeneic myeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsWe measured IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 by chemiluminescence during the first three weeks after transplantation in 35 adult patients undergoing myeloablative HSCT and calculated area under the curve divided by time (AUC/t) for each patient.ResultsCirculating levels of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 correlated with counts of reticulocytes (rs = 0.44, p = .011 and r = 0.41, p = .017, respectively) and thrombocytes (rs = 0.38, p = .030 and rs = 0.56, p = .0008) three weeks post‐transplant. Furthermore, high IGFBP‐3 levels correlated with absolute lymphocyte counts 3 weeks post‐HSCT (rs = 0.54, p = .012) and were associated with shorter time to neutrophil engraftment (rs = −0.35, p = .043). Both IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 levels were associated with the number of circulating natural killer cells one month after HSCT (rs = 0.42, p = .032 and rs = 0.57, p = .0026).ConclusionThese data indicate that high levels of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 relate to a faster haematopoietic reconstitution after HSCT and suggest a biological influence of these mediators in haematopoietic homeostasis in these patients.
Brainwaves beyond diagnosis: Wider applications of electroencephalography in idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Seneviratne Udaya , Cook Mark , D’Souza Wendyl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) has long been used as a versatile and noninvasive diagnostic tool in epilepsy. With the advent of digital EEG, more advanced applications of EEG have emerged. Compared with technologically advanced practice in focal epilepsies, the utilization of EEG in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) has been lagging, often restricted to a simple diagnostic tool. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of broader applications of EEG beyond this narrow scope, discussing how the current clinical and research applications of EEG may potentially be extended to IGE. The current literature, although limited, suggests that EEG can be used in syndromic classification, guiding antiseizure medication therapy, predicting prognosis, unraveling biorhythms, and investigating functional brain connectivity of IGE. We emphasize the need for longer recordings, particularly 24‐h ambulatory EEG, to capture discharges reflecting circadian and sleep–wake cycle‐associated variations for wider EEG applications in IGE. Finally, we highlight the challenges and limitations of the current body of literature and suggest future directions to encourage and enhance more extensive applications of this potent tool.
Extreme heat increases stomatal conductance and drought‐induced mortality risk in vulnerable plant species
Authors: Marchin Renée M. , Backes Diana , Ossola Alessandro , Leishman Michelle R. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Ellsworth David S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTree mortality during global‐change‐type drought is usually attributed to xylem dysfunction, but as climate change increases the frequency of extreme heat events, it is necessary to better understand the interactive role of heat stress. We hypothesized that some drought‐stressed plants paradoxically open stomata in heatwaves to prevent leaves from critically overheating. We experimentally imposed heat (>40°C) and drought stress onto 20 broadleaf evergreen tree/shrub species in a glasshouse study. Most well‐watered plants avoided lethal overheating, but drought exacerbated thermal damage during heatwaves. Thermal safety margins (TSM) quantifying the difference between leaf surface temperature and leaf critical temperature, where photosynthesis is disrupted, identified species vulnerability to heatwaves. Several mechanisms contributed to high heat tolerance and avoidance of damaging leaf temperatures—small leaf size, low leaf osmotic potential, high leaf mass per area (i.e., thick, dense leaves), high transpirational capacity, and access to water. Water‐stressed plants had smaller TSM, greater crown dieback, and a fundamentally different stomatal heatwave response relative to well‐watered plants. On average, well‐watered plants closed stomata and decreased stomatal conductance (gs) during the heatwave, but droughted plants did not. Plant species with low gs, either due to isohydric stomatal behavior under water deficit or inherently low transpirational capacity, opened stomata and increased gs under high temperatures. The current paradigm maintains that stomata close before hydraulic thresholds are surpassed, but our results suggest that isohydric species may dramatically increase gs (over sixfold increases) even past their leaf turgor loss point. By actively increasing water loss at high temperatures, plants can be driven toward mortality thresholds more rapidly than has been previously recognized. The inclusion of TSM and responses to heat stress could improve our ability to predict the vulnerability of different tree species to future droughts.
Elongated microparticles tuned for targeting hyaluronic acid delivery to specific skin strata
Authors: Yamada Miko , Dang Nhung , Lin Lynlee L. , Flewell‐Smith Ross , Jane L. Espartero Lore , Bramono Diah , Grégoire Sébastien , Belt Paul J. , Prow Tarl W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveMicroneedle or fractional laser applications are the most common topical delivery enhancement platforms. However, these methods of drug delivery are not skin strata specific. Drug delivery approaches which could target specific stratum of the skin remains a challenge. Elongated microparticles (EMPs) have been used in enhancing drug delivery into the skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, elongated silica microparticles with two different length profiles to enhance delivery of hyaluronic acid into different strata of human skin.MethodsTwo types of EMPs—long (milled EMPs) or short (etched EMPs) length ranges were characterized. A prototypical liquid formulation (Fluorescent hyaluronic acid) with and without EMP enhancement were evaluated for hyaluronic acid delivery in ex‐vivo human skin. High performance liquid chromatography, Typhoon fluorescence scanning system, laser scanning confocal microscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) were used to validate F‐HA stability, visualize fluorescein in the skin, image the depth of F‐HA delivery in the skin and define EMP penetration in skin strata, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism 6 software (GraphPad Software Inc, USA).ResultsFluorescein‐hyaluronic acid was stable and EMP enhanced skin penetration. RCM revealed that ‘etched EMP’ penetrated the skin to the stratum spinosum level. The vast majority (97.8%; p < 0.001) of the etched EMP did not penetrate completely through the viable epidermis and no obvious penetration into the dermis. In contrast, milled EMP showed 41‐fold increase in penetration compared to the etched EMP but penetrated beyond the dermoepidermal junction.ConclusionEMPs can enhance delivery of hyaluronic acid. Using EMPs with defined length distributions, which can be tuned for a specific stratum of the skin, can achieve targeted hyaluronic acid delivery.
Effects of cold‐pressing conditions on physicochemical and functional properties of cold‐pressed tigernut oil and starch isolated from press‐cake
Authors: Miao Wen‐Bo , Li Yi‐Jia , Ma Shi‐Yuan , Jiang Ji‐Hui , Liu Hua‐Min , Cai Xiao‐Shuang , Qin Zhao , Wang Xue‐De 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTigernut tuber is a peculiar source of oil because it has high amounts of starch. To collect tigernut oil and obtain high‐quality starch from pressed cake, a comprehensive validation of the cold‐pressing method was conducted. At 40–60 MPa, from one pressing, 67.18–73.97% of total oil content can be obtained; with three pressings, 77.38–82.34% of total oil can be obtained. Starch yields from solvent extraction of cold‐pressed press‐cake are significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with native tigernut flour. For oils from different pressings, the fatty acid and total tocopherol contents had no obvious difference. Structural and functional analysis of the starch showed that cold‐press pretreatment had little effect on the particle size and molecular chains of the starch, while the syneresis and storage modulus (G′) of starch gel increased slightly. Overall, cold‐pressing is a potential processing method for effectively developing tigernut oil and starch as industrial resources.
Structural and rheology properties of pea protein isolate‐stabilised emulsion gel: Effect of crosslinking with transglutaminase
Authors: Zhan Fuchao , Tang Xiaomin , Sobhy Remah , Li Bin , Chen Yijie 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe microstructures and characteristics (water holding capacity (WHC) and rheological properties) of pea protein isolate (PPI) emulsion gels produced via transglutaminase (TGase) with different oil‐weight fractions (φ, 20%~50%) were studied in the present work. The results showed that the WHC and gel strength (storage modulus) of PPI emulsion gel were raised with increasing of φ. Simultaneously, the proteins entrapped within the network gradually increase due to the enzymatic treatment, which resulted in a tighter internal structure of emulsion gel. At high oil‐weight fractions (e.g. 50%), the network of the emulsion was essentially a coarse chain of particulate, mainly forming a ‘close‐knit’ oil droplet. Therefore, the gelation mechanism is related to the state of proteins in the system, which are divided into proteins adsorbed and unadsorbed on the interface. The results will be of significant assistance in comprehending the theories of the gelation process and the protein emulsion gels immobilisation by the enzyme.
Effects of treatment of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (DBD‐CP) on mechanical, barrier and functional characteristics of casein‐based films
Authors: Hou Yaqi , Liu Qi , Mian Safian Murad , Luo Yanghe , Mu Guangqing , Jiang Shujuan , Zhou Mingyi , Wu Xiaomeng 
Published: November 2021

SummaryDielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (DBD‐CP) improves packing characters of films. According to our previous study, the physical performances including barrier and mechanical properties of casein films were enhanced by DBD‐CP treatment. The aim of this paper was to study the effects of DBD‐CP discharge on the physical performances of films made from casein‐based film‐forming solutions. The structural characteristics, mechanical and barrier properties, and heat stability of the produced casein films were evaluated. As expected, the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results indicated that the DBD‐CP treatment improved heat stability of the films. However, other properties such as tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB) and barrier to water vapours were negatively affected. Similar results were obtained after examining casein film‐forming solution treated with DBD‐CP using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). In conclusion, treating the film‐forming solution directly with DBD‐CP should be done cautiously while reinforcing the films packing properties.
Effect of vacuum impregnation on enzymatic browning of fresh‐cut potatoes during refrigerated storage
Authors: Zhao Wenting , Wang Yue , Ma Yue , Liang Hao , Zhao Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effect of vacuum impregnation with ascorbic acid (AA) and calcium ascorbate (CaA) on enzymatic browning of fresh‐cut potatoes was investigated. Results showed that vacuum impregnation (VI) with AA‐CaA treatment for 2 min had a significant anti‐browning effect. VI treatment not only maintained cell membrane integrity, inhibited the key enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase but also retarded generation of phenolic substrate, particularly chlorogenic acid. Meanwhile, VI promoted AA‐CaA solution to infiltrate into potato tissue and delayed loss of ascorbic acid. In conclusion, VI treatment was more efficient for preventing browning with a shorter processing time of 2 min compared to traditional impregnation under atmospheric pressure and could be used as a promising method to inhibit browning of fresh‐cut potatoes.