bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice recruits Sphingomonas strain HJY-rfp via root exudate regulation to increase chlorpyrifos tolerance and boost residual catabolism
Authors: Feng Fayun , Zhan Honglin , Wan Qun , wang Ya , Li Yong , Ge Jing , Sun Xing , Zhu Hong , Yu Xiangyang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Inoculation with pollution-degrading endophytes boosts the catabolism of residual contaminants and promotes the pollution adaptation of host plants. We investigated the interaction pattern between Sphingomonas strain HJY-rfp, a chlorpyrifos-degrading endophytic bacterium, and rice (Oryza sativa) under pesticide stress using hydroponic cultivation. We observed a notable trend of endophytic root colonization in rice plants treated with 10 mg l−1 chlorpyrifos solution, and after 24 h the migration of HJY-rfp enhanced the chlorpyrifos degradation rate in leaves and stems by 53.36% and 40.81%, respectively. Critically, the rice root exudate profile (organic acids and amino acids) changed under chlorpyrifos stress, and variations in the contents of several components affected the chemotactic behaviour of HJY-rfp. HJY-rfp colonization dramatically activated defensive enzymes, which enabled efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and led to 9.8%, 22.5%, and 41.9% increases in shoot length, fresh weight, and accumulation of total chlorophyll, respectively, in rice suffering from oxidative damage by chlorpyrifos. Endophytic colonization caused up-regulation of detoxification genes that have shown a significant positive correlation with chlorpyrifos degradation in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate that agrochemical stress causes plants to actively recruit specific symbiotic microbes to detoxify contaminants and survive better under pollution conditions.
Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs
Authors: Havurinne Vesa , Handrich Maria , Antinluoma Mikko , Khorobrykh Sergey , Gould Sven B , Tyystjärvi Esa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The kleptoplastic sea slug Elysia chlorotica consumes Vaucheria litorea, stealing its plastids, which then photosynthesize inside the animal cells for months. We investigated the properties of V. litorea plastids to understand how they withstand the rigors of photosynthesis in isolation. Transcription of specific genes in laboratory-isolated V. litorea plastids was monitored for 7 days. The involvement of plastid-encoded FtsH, a key plastid maintenance protease, in recovery from photoinhibition in V. litorea was estimated in cycloheximide-treated cells. In vitro comparison of V. litorea and spinach thylakoids was applied to investigate reactive oxygen species formation in V. litorea. In comparison to other tested genes, the transcripts of ftsH and translation elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA) decreased slowly in isolated V. litorea plastids. Higher levels of FtsH were also evident in cycloheximide-treated cells during recovery from photoinhibition. Charge recombination in PSII of V. litorea was found to be fine-tuned to produce only small quantities of singlet oxygen, and the plastids also contained reactive oxygen species-protective compounds. Our results support the view that the genetic characteristics of the plastids are crucial in creating a photosynthetic sea slug. The plastid’s autonomous repair machinery is likely enhanced by low singlet oxygen production and elevated expression of FtsH.
BBX19 fine-tunes the circadian rhythm by interacting with PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR proteins to facilitate their repressive effect on morning-phased clock genes
Authors: Yuan Li , Yu Yingjun , Liu Mingming , Song Yang , Li Hongmin , Sun Junqiu , Wang Qiao , Xie Qiguang , Wang Lei , Xu Xiaodong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The core plant circadian oscillator is composed of multiple interlocked transcriptional–translational feedback loops, which synchronize endogenous diel physiological rhythms to the cyclic changes of environmental cues. PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS (PRRs) have been identified as negative components in the circadian clock, though their underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that a subfamily of zinc finger transcription factors, B-box (BBX)-containing proteins, have a critical role in fine-tuning circadian rhythm. We demonstrated that overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana BBX19 and BBX18 significantly lengthened the circadian period, while the null mutation of BBX19 accelerated the circadian speed. Moreover, BBX19 and BBX18, which are expressed during the day, physically interacted with PRR9, PRR7, and PRR5 in the nucleus in precise temporal ordering from dawn to dusk, consistent with the respective protein accumulation pattern of PRRs. Our transcriptomic and genetic analysis indicated that BBX19 and PRR9, PRR7, and PRR5 cooperatively inhibited the expression of morning-phased clock genes. PRR proteins affected BBX19 recruitment to the CCA1, LHY, and RVE8 promoters. Collectively, our findings show that BBX19 interacts with PRRs to orchestrate circadian rhythms, and suggest the indispensable role of transcriptional regulators in fine-tuning the circadian clock.
Temporary Diverting End-Colostomy in Critically Ill Children with Severe Perianal Wound Infection
Authors: Gün Emrah , Kendirli Tanil , Botan Edin , Özdemir Halil , Çiftçi Ergin , Konca Kübra , Koloğlu Meltem , Göllü Gülnur , Can Özlem Selvi , Tutar Ercan , Akar Ahmet Rüçhan , İnce Erdal 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Broad and deep perianal wounds are challenging in both adult and pediatric ICUs. These wounds, if contaminated with gastrointestinal flora, can cause invasive sepsis and death, and recovery can be prolonged. Controlling the source of infection without diverting stool from the perianal region is complicated. The option of protective colostomy is not well-known among pediatric critical care specialists, but it can help patients survive extremely complicated critical care management.
These authors present three critically ill children who required temporary protective colostomy for perianal wounds because of various clinical conditions. Two patients were treated for meningococcemia, and the other had a total artificial heart implantation for dilated cardiomyopathy. There was extensive and profound tissue loss in the perianal region in the patients with meningococcemia, and the patient with cardiomyopathy had a large pressure injury. Timely, transient, protective colostomy was beneficial in these cases and facilitated the recovery of the perianal wounds. Temporary diverting colostomy should be considered as early as possible to prevent fecal transmission and accelerate perianal wound healing in children unresponsive to local debridement and critical care.
Did Access to Care Improve Since Passage of the Veterans Choice Act?
Authors: Gurewich Deborah , Shwartz Michael , Beilstein-Wedel Erin , Davila Heather , Rosen Amy K. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The 2014 Veterans Choice Program aimed to improve care access for Veterans through expanded availability of community care (CC). Increased access to CC could particularly benefit rural Veterans, who often face obstacles in obtaining medical care at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). However, whether Veterans Choice Program improved timely access to care for this vulnerable population is understudied.

Objectives:
To examine wait times among rural and urban Veterans for 5 outpatient specialty care services representing the top requests for CC services among rural Veterans.

Research Design:
Retrospective study using VHA and CC outpatient consult data from VHA’s Corporate Data Warehouse in Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 (October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015) and FY2018 (October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018).

Subjects:
All Veterans who received a new patient consult for physical therapy, cardiology, optometry, orthopedics, and/or dental services in VHA and/or CC.

Measures:
Wait time, care setting (VHA/CC), rural/urban status, sociodemographics, and comorbidities.

Results:
Our sample included 1,112,876 Veterans. Between FY2015 and FY2018, mean wait times decreased for all services for both rural and urban Veterans; declines were greatest in VHA (eg, mean optometry wait times for rural Veterans in VHA vs. CC declined 8.3 vs. 6.4 d, respectively, P<0.0001). By FY2018, for both rural and urban Veterans, CC mean wait times for most services were longer than VHA wait times.

Conclusions:
Timely care access for all Veterans improved between FY15 and FY18, particularly in VHA. As expansion of CC continues under the MISSION Act, more research is needed to evaluate quality of care across VHA and CC and what role, if any, wait times play.
The Impact of Control and Mitigation Strategies during the Second Wave of COVID-19 Infections in Spain and Italy
Authors: De Nadai Marco , Roomp Kristof , Lepri Bruno , Oliver Nuria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEuropean countries struggled to fight against the second and the third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the Test-Trace-Isolate (TTI) strategy widely adopted over the summer and early fall failed to effectively contain the spread of the disease. In this paper, we shed light on the effectiveness of such a strategy in two European countries (Spain and Italy) by analysing data from June to December 2020, collected via a large-scale online citizen survey with 95,251 answers in Spain and 43,393 answers in Italy. Through our analysis, we identify several weaknesses in each of the three pillars of the TTI strategy: testing, tracing and isolating. Moreover, we analyse the respondents’ self-reported behaviour before and after the mitigation strategies were deployed during the second wave of infections. We find that the changes in the participants’ behaviour were more pronounced in Italy than in Spain, whereas in both countries, respondents reported being very compliant with individual protection measures, such as wearing facial masks or frequently disinfecting their hands. Finally, we analyse the participants’ perceptions about their government’s measures and the safety of everyday activities and places regarding the risk of getting an infection. We find that the perceived risk is often gender- and age-dependent and not aligned with the risk level identified by the literature. This finding emphasises the importance of deploying public-health communication campaigns to debunk misconceptions about SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our work shows the value of online citizen surveys to quickly and cheaply collect large-scale data to support and evaluate policy decisions to contrast the spread of the disease.
Perceptions, motivators and barriers of using city management applications among citizens: a focus group approach
Authors: Annis Catherine , Hou Jinghui (Jove) , Tang Tian 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand citizens' perceptions of smartphone-based city management apps and to identify facilitators and barriers that influence app adoption and use. An aim is to identify how current technology adoption theories might be expanded and enriched for studying citizen adoption of city apps in the US.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a qualitative exploratory case study of citizen perceptions of city management apps in Tallahassee, a top-ranked digital city in the southeastern United States. The authors derive empirical data from focus group discussions with citizens using thematic analysis.FindingsOverall, the findings suggest that city management apps are primarily perceived and used by citizens as handy and efficient tools for the provision of information and public services. The findings suggest that current technology adoption and use models applied to citizen adoption of m-government may benefit by being expanded for the US context.Originality/valueThis paper highlights what factors of m-government technology are effective, useful or inhibiting in citizens' lives from the perspective of a group of citizens in the southeastern US. Implications that might be learned for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
The reflective fostering programme: evaluating the intervention co-delivered by social work professionals and foster carers
Authors: Midgley Nick , Sprecher Eva A. , Cirasola Antonella , Redfern Sheila , Pursch Benita , Smith Caroline , Douglas Sue , Martin Peter 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
There is little evidence regarding how to best support the emotional well-being of children in foster care. This paper aims to present the evaluation of an adaptation of the reflective fostering programme, a group-based programme to support foster carers. This study aimed to explore whether a version of the programme, co-delivered by a social work professional and an experienced foster carer, was acceptable and relevant to foster carers and to gather data on programme effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 38 foster carers attended the programme and took part in this study. Data was collected regarding carer- and child-focused outcomes at pre-intervention, post-intervention and four-month follow-up. Focus interviews were also conducted to further assess acceptability and relevance for foster carers.

Findings
Analysis of quantitative outcome showed statistically significant improvements in all outcomes considered including foster carers stress and carer-defined problems, as well as carer-reported measures of child difficulties. Focus group interviews with foster carers suggested that the programme as co-delivered by a foster carer and a social worker was felt to be relevant and helpful to foster carers.

Originality/value
These results provide a unique contribution to limited understandings of what works for supporting foster carers and the children in their care. Promising evidence is provided for the acceptability and relevance of the revised version of this novel support programme and its effectiveness in terms of carer- and child-related outcome measures. This work paves the way for further necessary impact evaluation.
Drug mule for love
Authors: Whitty Monica T. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to gain in-depth understandings of the stages involved in the case of a romance scam victim who was unknowingly used as a drug mule. The work compares this case with established research in this field. It also seeks to learn more about the strategies used by these cybercriminals.

Design/methodology/approach
The research presents a case study of a victim of a romance scam who was arrested for drug trafficking. The research involves a grounded theory analysis of interviews with the victim, legal team and family members and analysis of her instant messenger chat logs and email communications.

Findings
The analysis identified a variation on previous stage models of romance scams and re-names this as the “romance scammers” strategy model. It also replicates previous work on scammers’ techniques and highlights some new strategies, including positively and negatively framing messages, unconditional positive regard, activating norms of romantic relationships, cognitive immersion, manipulating role, sleep deprivation and signing is believing.

Practical implications
These findings could be used to help guide future similar court cases. Moreover, they can be drawn upon to advance future research on romance scams, as well as scams in general.

Originality/value
This is the first in-depth case study of a romance scam victim involved in drug trafficking and is the first research on romance scams to examine in depth a case, taking into account textual exchanges. While not undermining previous research, this paper provides valuable insights that are lacking in previous qualitative work on cyber scam victims.
Domestic energy consumption in Ghana: deprivation versus likelihood of access
Authors: Karakara Alhassan A. , Osabuohien Evans S. , Asongu Simplice 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the extent to which households are deprived (or otherwise) of clean energy sources in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachIt engages the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data. Three different energy deprivation indicators were estimated: cooking fuel deprivation, lighting deprivation and indoor air pollution. The empirical evidence is based on logit regressions that explain whether households are deprived or not.FindingsThe results show that energy deprivation or access is contingent on the area of residence. Energy access and deprivation in Ghana show some regional disparities, even though across every region, the majority of households use three fuel types: liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal and wood cut. Increases in wealth and education lead to reduction in the likelihood of being energy deprived. Thus, efforts should be geared towards policies that will ensure households having access to clean fuels to reduce the attendant deprivations and corresponding effects of using dangerous or dirty fuels.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by analysing the extent to which households are deprived (or otherwise) of clean energy sources in Ghana.
Factors influencing real estate graduates soft skill gap in Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele Timothy Oluwafemi , Adegoke Oluseyi Joshua , Kajimo-Shakantu Kahilu , Olaoye Olaitan 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the soft skill gap of graduate employees, as well as the factors influencing the skill gaps of real estate graduates in the employment of real estate firms in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were employed for the study. Close-ended questionnaire served on real estate employers in the two major property markets of Nigeria: Lagos and Abuja. From a total of 343 questionnaires administered, 172 (59.7%) questionnaires were retrieved. While data from the graduate employees were obtained via a web-based survey sent out to a total of 558 graduates, 119 (21.33%) responses were received. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed in the data analysis.FindingsThe findings showed that employers had high expectations for soft skillsets relating to responsibility, administrative, listening and communication skills. These have respective mean scores of 6.38, 6.33, 6.31 and 6.31 on a seven point scale. However, the results revealed significant skill gaps with skills such as logical thinking, business negotiation, responsibility and marketing. Further, the analysis revealed that factors influencing the skill gap, in decreasing order of influence, are training/professional mentors/remuneration, personal preferences/industry characteristics and curriculum/faculties.Practical implicationsReal estate graduate soft skills are investigated to uncover areas of emphasis and skill gaps. These outcomes could serve as important feedbacks for stakeholders towards improving real estate teaching and curriculum. The findings could also assist real estate graduates to know employers areas of emphasis in relation to graduate employability skills.Originality/valueExtant studies have reiterated and evaluated the soft skills gaps based on the perceptions of employers, faculties and institutions of higher learning. However, there is the need to investigate the perception of graduate employees, being the recipient and major stakeholders in the training process.
It’s time to change how we think about our employees
Authors: Martin Jim 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose the need to be bolder about recognizing when an employee needs to be let go.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based upon a review of literature and extensive fieldwork.

Findings
Three situations are presented for when releasing an employee may be the appropriate tactic, along with five general principles for shifting the organization–employee relationship from unhealthy enmeshment to a mutually beneficial arrangement.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a practical view of the organization–employee relationship that strives to enhance organizational performance while honoring the humanity of the employee.
A narrow window for geographic cline analysis using genomic data: Effects of age, drift, and migration on error rates
Authors: Jofre Gaston I. , Rosenthal Gil G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of genomic and phenotypic data to scan for outliers is a mainstay for studies of hybridization and speciation. Geographic cline analysis of natural hybrid zones is widely used to identify putative signatures of selection by detecting deviations from baseline patterns of introgression. As with other outlier‐based approaches, demographic histories can make neutral regions appear to be under selection and vice versa. In this study, we use a forward‐time individual‐based simulation approach to evaluate the robustness of geographic cline analysis under different evolutionary scenarios. We modelled multiple stepping‐stone hybrid zones with distinct age, deme sizes, and migration rates, and evolving under different types of selection. We found that drift distorts cline shapes and increases false positive rates for signatures of selection. This effect increases with hybrid zone age, particularly if migration between demes is low. Drift can also distort the signature of deleterious effects of hybridization, with genetic incompatibilities and particularly underdominance prone to spurious typing as adaptive introgression. Our results suggest that geographic clines are most useful for outlier analysis in young hybrid zones with large populations of hybrid individuals. Current approaches may overestimate adaptive introgression and underestimate selection against maladaptive genotypes.
Empathetic, persistent and female: A snapshot of oral health therapy students in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Stormon Nicole , Beckett Deanna , Gardner Suzanne , Keshoor Smita , Smart Karen , Wallace Linda , Ford Pauline J. , Satur Julie , Eley Diann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionDental therapists, hygienists and oral health therapists constitute up to a third of the dental workforce in Australia and New Zealand. Personality is often explored in health professions to provide insights into traits that are conducive to workforce retention and to assist in planning and training. This study aimed to investigate the current demographic and personality characteristics of oral health students in Australia and New Zealand.Materials and MethodsStudents in years one to three of all eight undergraduate Bachelor of Oral Health programs in Australia and New Zealand were invited to complete an online survey. The survey measured activities prior to entering into oral health, career intentions and included a personality questionnaire, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).ResultsThree quarters of participants (n = 336; 30% response rate; females = 90%) were single, from an urban area and 20–29 years of age. Oral health students overall portrayed high trait levels of Persistence and Cooperativeness. Cluster analysis of TCI traits identified three groups. Groups of students with high Persistence and Cooperativeness tended to be older, were working in non‐dental and dental careers prior to their degree and were interested in working in regional areas after graduation.ConclusionsStudents with high levels of persistence and cooperativeness were interested in working in regional areas after graduation, highlighting the importance of industriousness and persistence in overcoming barriers to practicing in regional areas. Further research is warranted to investigate barriers and enablers in recruitment and retention of males in a primarily female dominated profession.