bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitazoxanide induced myocardial injury in zebrafish embryos by activating oxidative stress response
Authors: Gong Fanghua , Shen Tianzhu , Zhang Jiangnan , Wang Xuye , Fan Guoqiang , Che Xiaofang , Xu Zhaopeng , Jia Kun , Huang Yong , Li Xiaokun , Lu Huiqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad‐spectrum antiparasitic and antiviral drug (thiazole). However, although NTZ has been extensively used, there are no reports concerning its toxicology in vertebrates. This study used the zebrafish as a vertebrate model to evaluate the safety of NTZ and to analyse the related molecular mechanisms. The experimental results showed that zebrafish embryos exposed to NTZ had cardiac malformation and dysfunction. NTZ also significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Transcriptomic analysis used compared gene expression levels between zebrafish embryos in the NTZ treatment and the control groups identified 200 upregulated genes and 232 downregulated genes. Analysis by Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) showed that signal pathways on cardiomyocyte development were inhibited while the oxidative stress pathways were activated. Further experiments showed that NTZ increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hearts of zebrafish. Antioxidant gadofullerene nanoparticles (GFNPs) significantly alleviated the developmental toxicity to the heart, indicating that NTZ activated the oxidative stress response to cause embryonic cardiomyocyte injury in zebrafish. This study provides evidence that NTZ causes developmental abnormalities in the cardiovascular system of zebrafish.
From anxiety to control: Mask‐wearing, perceived marketplace influence, and emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Schneider Abigail B. , Leonard Bridget 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMask‐wearing has been one of the most prominent, conflicted, and deeply divided issues in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Across two studies, we seek to understand how beliefs and behaviors around mask‐wearing are associated with the relationship between anxiety about the coronavirus and feelings of control over one's health outcomes during the pandemic. In Study 1, we find that beliefs in the response efficacy of mask‐wearing moderate the relationship between anxiety and control. Study 2 extends these results by investigating the underlying process. Specifically, we find that the relationship between anxiety and control is mediated by self‐reported mask‐wearing behavior and that the relationship between anxiety and mask‐wearing behavior is moderated by consumers' perceived marketplace influence. These findings have important public policy and marketing implications in the context of physical, emotional, and economic well‐being.
Minority Stress, Coping, and Transgender Youth in Schools—Results from the Resilience and Transgender Youth Study
Authors: Johns Michelle M. , Zamantakis Alithia , Andrzejewski Jack , Boyce Lorin , Rasberry Catherine N. , Jayne Paula E. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTransgender youth report high rates of negative experiences in schools. Using a lens of minority stress, this study sought to examine in‐school experiences of transgender youth to understand youth coping and to identify key opportunities for improving school environments for transgender youth.METHODSParticipants included 41 youth across 33 in‐depth interviews (Mage = 21.7) and two focus groups (N = 8; Mage = 17.3). Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Themes related to stress, coping, and facilitators/barriers to stress/coping were derived and coded.RESULTSDistal stressors, such as structural discrimination and prejudice events, were found to contribute to the exclusion of transgender youth from school life, while proximal stressors, such as concealment and expectations of rejection, reinforced transgender youth's feelings of personal isolation. Participants expressed coping with both challenges by advocating for inclusion through direct action with teachers and administrators and seeking/finding connection with trusted staff and peers.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that creating safe and supportive environments at school for transgender youth is an attainable goal, as all identified barriers to inclusivity and connection were modifiable. By considering the needs of transgender youth in policies and programming, schools may improve climate for and wellbeing of transgender students.
Corporate tax cuts in a Schumpeterian growth model with an endogenous market structure
Authors: Suzuki Keishun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSchumpeterian theory simply predicts a negative relationship between corporate income tax and the economic growth rate because this tax decreases innovation rewards. However, empirical evidence for the effect of corporate tax on the growth rate is mixed. To fill this gap, this paper presents a Schumpeterian growth model with an endogenous market structure that generates an ambiguous relationship between the corporate tax rate and the growth rate. We analytically find that the relationship between the corporate tax rate and the growth rate can be either inverted U‐shaped or negative. In our endogenous market structure model, corporate tax cuts make the market more competitive and increase the costs of employing researchers through labor market equilibrium. Consequently, these two effects may dominate the Schumpeterian effect. In this case, a corporate tax cut may decrease economic growth.
The ambivalent role of monetary sales incentives in service innovation selling
Authors: Alavi Sascha , Böhm Eva , Habel Johannes , Wieseke Jan , Schmitz Christian , Brüggemann Felix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComplex service innovations constitute a cornerstone in the strategy of numerous industrial companies. The industrial sales force assumes an important role in the selling of these complex service innovations. For firms a key challenge in this respect resides in ensuring the sales force's motivation for the selling of such innovations and effectively solving customers’ business problems. Past research frequently discussed monetary sales incentives as an effective tool to reinforce desired employee behaviors, but, to date, the discussion has failed to produce conclusive guidance for practitioners as to whether monetary sales incentives in fact can facilitate selling of complex service innovations. To clarify the effects of monetary sales incentives in this respect, we draw on self‐focus theory to disentangle how complex service innovation selling is shaped by the interplay of salesperson service incentives (i.e., the extent to which variable compensation depends on service turnover) and salesperson share of variable compensation (i.e., the percentage of compensation that depends on performance). To test these interactive effects, we use a multiple‐source data set including 294 salespeople, and match objective firm data. The results reveal that when service incentives are high, the share of variable compensation exhibits an inverse u‐shaped effect on a salesperson's problem‐solving behavior, which is an important predictor of innovative service selling success. In addition, the share of variable compensation increases work effort, which in turn drives innovative service selling success. These findings shed light on the intricate “human”, employee‐related side of service innovation management and provide actionable implications for managers how to increase their firms’ innovative service selling success.
Genetic trade‐offs underlie divergent life history strategies for local adaptation in white clover
Authors: Wright Sara J. , Goad David M. , Gross Briana L. , Muñoz Patricio R. , Olsen Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLocal adaptation is common in plants, yet characterization of its underlying genetic basis is rare in herbaceous perennials. Moreover, while many plant species exhibit intraspecific chemical defence polymorphisms, their importance for local adaptation remains poorly understood. We examined the genetic architecture of local adaptation in a perennial, obligately‐outcrossing herbaceous legume, white clover (Trifolium repens). This widespread species displays a well‐studied chemical defence polymorphism for cyanogenesis (HCN release following tissue damage) and has evolved climate‐associated cyanogenesis clines throughout its range. Two biparental F2 mapping populations, derived from three parents collected in environments spanning the U.S. latitudinal species range (Duluth, MN, St. Louis, MO and Gainesville, FL), were grown in triplicate for two years in reciprocal common garden experiments in the parental environments (6,012 total plants). Vegetative growth and reproductive fitness traits displayed trade‐offs across reciprocal environments, indicating local adaptation. Genetic mapping of fitness traits revealed a genetic architecture characterized by allelic trade‐offs between environments, with 100% and 80% of fitness QTL in the two mapping populations showing significant QTL×E interactions, consistent with antagonistic pleiotropy. Across the genome there were three hotspots of QTL colocalization. Unexpectedly, we found little evidence that the cyanogenesis polymorphism contributes to local adaptation. Instead, divergent life history strategies in reciprocal environments were major fitness determinants: selection favoured early investment in flowering at the cost of multiyear survival in the southernmost site versus delayed flowering and multiyear persistence in the northern environments. Our findings demonstrate that multilocus genetic trade‐offs contribute to contrasting life history characteristics that allow for local adaptation in this outcrossing herbaceous perennial.
Development and validation of a daily assessment tool for critically ill patients
Authors: Mahran Ghada Shalaby Khalaf , Tolba Asmaa Atiaa , Abbas Mostafa Samy , Thabet Amr Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients in intensive care units require comprehensive care. Hence, improving health care quality depends on accurate assessment and documentation.AimTo develop and validate the content of an assessment sheet for critically ill patients.Study Design and MethodsA Delphi design study was conducted between January and March 2020. The content validity index (CVI) was used to calculate the degree of agreement among the experts to analyse the instrument and the entire set of items. Content validity was determined by seven experts (three critical care nursing professionals, two critical care doctors, and two anaesthesiologists) using a four‐point Likert scale. They evaluated the items in terms of the following: 1 = “irrelevant,” 2 = “somewhat relevant if the phrasing is profoundly adjusted,” 3 = “relevant with some adjustment as to phrasing,” and 4 = “very relevant.” The CVI was applied, and the accepted value was ≥0.50.ResultsThree rounds of evaluation were required to achieve the minimum index. The items were reviewed for content and face validity. The instrument was validated with 86 items with a total CVI of 0.90, a face validity of 1, and a scale‐level content validity index/universal agreement calculation method (S‐CVI/UA) value of 0.813.ConclusionThis instrument can help nurses, doctors, academics, and students assess patients in intensive care units.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe daily assessment tool may provide a systematic and consistent approach to critically ill patients' assessment to guide interventions.
Hemophagocytic syndrome triggered by donor‐transmitted toxoplasmosis as a complication in same‐donor recipients of renal transplantation: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Valdés Francí Elena , Perez Flores Isabel , Candel Francisco Javier , Moreno de la Higuera María Angeles , Romero Natividad Calvo , Rodríguez Cubillo Beatriz , Lucena Valverde Rafael , Sánchez Fructuoso Ana Isabel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is an infrequent complication of transplantation caused by an inflammatory response with a benign proliferation of macrophages and defective lytic capability of T lymphocytes and NK cells that can lead to multiorgan failure. Transplant patients are particularly exposed as a result of the increased risk of both infections and malignancies derived from immunosuppressive drugs. There is no consensus for therapy or immunosuppression; mortality is high. We report a case and present a review of all cases of HPS occurring in solid organ transplant recipients. Case reportWe report two cases of infection by Toxoplasma gondii transmitted by the kidney allograft. One of the recipients was seronegative before transplantation and developed disseminated primary toxoplasmosis. An immune reaction compatible with an HPS ensued. Both were treated with Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, immunosuppression was tapered, and after a 2‐week period a complete response was obtained.ConclusionHPS presents therapeutic challenges in the context of transplantation. If HPS is suspected, the search of a very likely underlying infection should be central to the management.
Management of ganciclovir resistance cytomegalovirus infection with CMV hyperimmune globulin and leflunomide in seven cardiothoracic transplant recipients and literature review
Authors: Santhanakrishnan Karthik , Yonan Nizar , Iyer Kapil , Callan Paul , Al‐aloul Mohamed , Venkateswaran Rajamiyer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) disease caused by genetically resistant CMV poses a major challenge in solid organ transplant recipients, and the development of resistance is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Antiviral resistance affects 5%–12% of patients following ganciclovir (GCV) therapy, but is more common in individuals with specific underlying risk factors. These include the CMV D+R‐ serostatus, type of transplanted organ, dose and duration of (Val)GCV ([V]GCV) prophylaxis, peak viral loads, and the intensity of immunosuppressive therapy. Guideline recommendations for the management of GCV resistance (GanR) in solid organ transplant recipients are based on expert opinion as there is a lack of data from controlled trials. Second‐line options to treat GanR include foscarnet (FOS) and cidofovir (CDV), but these drugs are often poorly tolerated due to high rates of toxicity, such as renal dysfunction and neutropenia. Here, we report seven cardiothoracic transplant recipients with GCV resistance CMV infection from our centre treated with CMV immunoglobulin (CMVIG) +/‐ leflunomide (LEF) and reviewed the literature on the use of these agents in this therapeutic setting.
A systematic review of Sec24 cargo interactome
Authors: Chatterjee Sharanya , Choi Ana Jeemin , Frankel Gad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐to‐Golgi trafficking is an essential and highly conserved cellular process. The coat protein complex‐II (COPII) arm of the trafficking machinery incorporates a wide array of cargo proteins into vesicles through direct or indirect interactions with Sec24, the principal subunit of the COPII coat. Approximately one‐third of all mammalian proteins rely on the COPII‐mediated secretory pathway for membrane insertion or secretion. There are four mammalian Sec24 paralogs and three yeast Sec24 paralogs with emerging evidence of paralog‐specific cargo interaction motifs. Furthermore, individual paralogs also differ in their affinity for a subset of sorting motifs present on cargo proteins. As with many aspects of protein trafficking, we lack a systematic and thorough understanding of the interaction of Sec24 with cargoes. This systematic review focuses on the current knowledge of cargo binding to both yeast and mammalian Sec24 paralogs and their ER export motifs. The analyses show that Sec24 paralog specificity of cargo (and cargo receptors) range from exclusive paralog dependence or preference to partial redundancy. We also discuss how the Sec24 secretion system is hijacked by viral (eg, VSV‐G, Hepatitis B envelope protein) and bacterial (eg, the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli type III secretion system effector NleA/EspI) pathogens.
Effectiveness of aromatherapy versus standard care on physiological and psychological symptoms in pregnant women: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mascarenhas Victor Hugo Alves , Caroci-Becker Adriana , Riesco Maria Luiza 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy versus standard care on common physiological and psychological symptoms in low-risk pregnant women.

Introduction:
Women report common symptoms that result from anatomical and physiological changes significant for fetal development and maternal-fetal protection during pregnancy. Aromatherapy is an integrative and complementary practice of ancient origin that works through the administration of essential oils. The practice is used to promote physical and psychological well-being.

Inclusion criteria:
This systematic review will include studies on healthy pregnant women before labor who received aromatherapy as antenatal care for common physiological and psychological symptoms. Randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, cohort, and case-control studies will be included. This review will exclude studies that focus on women in labor unless data relating to pregnant women can be separated.

Methods:
The searches will be carried out on the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, LILACS, BDENF, CUIDEN, and MOSAICO in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with no date limit. The searches for unpublished studies will be carried out on the following repositories: ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, British Library EThOS, and the Canadian Theses and Dissertation Portal. The JBI approach will be used for study selection, critical evaluation, data extraction, and synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020218730
A Review of Preparation and Tribological Applications of Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Bao Yichen , Liu Kai , Zheng Quan , Yao Lulu , Xu Yufu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pickering emulsion is a new type of stable emulsion made by ultrafine solid particles instead of traditional surfactants as stabilizers, which has received widespread attention in recent years. The preparation methods of stator-rotor homogenization, high-pressure homogenization, and ultrasonic emulsification were compared with others in this work. The main factors affecting the stability of Pickering emulsion are the surface humidity of the solid particles, the polarity of the oil phase, and the oil–water ratio. These factors could affect the nature of the solid particles, the preparation process of Pickering emulsion, and the external environment. Consequently, the long-term stability of Pickering emulsion is still a challenge. The tribological investigations of Pickering emulsion were summarized, and the multifunctional Pickering emulsion shows superior prospects for tribological applications. Moreover, the latest development of Pickering emulsion offers a new strategy for smart lubrication in the near future.
‘Learn from the lessons and don’t forget them’: identifying transferable lessons for COVID-19 from meningitis A, yellow fever and Ebola virus disease vaccination campaigns
Authors: Collins Julie , Westerveld Rosie , Nelson Kate A , Rohan Hana , Bower Hilary , Lazenby Siobhan , Ikilezi Gloria , Bartlein Rebecca , Bausch Daniel G , Kennedy David S 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines are now being distributed to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with global urgency surrounding national vaccination plans. LMICs have significant experience implementing vaccination campaigns to respond to epidemic threats but are often hindered by chronic health system challenges. We sought to identify transferable lessons for COVID-19 vaccination from the rollout of three vaccines that targeted adult groups in Africa and South America: MenAfriVac (meningitis A); 17D (yellow fever) and rVSV-ZEBOV (Ebola virus disease).MethodsWe conducted a rapid literature review and 24 semi-structured interviews with technical experts who had direct implementation experience with the selected vaccines in Africa and South America. We identified barriers, enablers, and key lessons from the literature and from participants’ experiences. Interview data were analysed thematically according to seven implementation domains.ResultsParticipants highlighted multiple components of vaccination campaigns that are instrumental for achieving high coverage. Community engagement is an essential and effective tool, requiring dedicated time, funding and workforce. Involving local health workers is a key enabler, as is collaborating with community leaders to map social groups and tailor vaccination strategies to their needs. Vaccination team recruitment and training strategies need to be enhanced to support vaccination campaigns. Although recognised as challenging, integrating vaccination campaigns with other routine health services can be highly beneficial if well planned and coordinated across health programmes and with communities.ConclusionAs supplies of COVID-19 vaccines become available to LMICs, countries need to prepare to efficiently roll out the vaccine, encourage uptake among eligible groups and respond to potential community concerns. Lessons from the implementation of these three vaccines that targeted adults in LMICs can be used to inform best practice for COVID-19 and other epidemic vaccination campaigns.
Integrating out heavy fields in the path integral using the background-field method: general formalism
Authors: Dittmaier Stefan , Schuhmacher Sebastian , Stahlhofen Maximilian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBuilding on an older method used to derive non-decoupling effects of a heavy Higgs boson in the Standard Model, we describe a general procedure to integrate out heavy fields in the path integral. The derivation of the corresponding effective Lagrangian including the one-loop contributions of the heavy particle(s) is particularly transparent, flexible, and algorithmic. The background-field formalism allows for a clear separation of tree-level and one-loop effects involving the heavy fields. Using expansion by regions the one-loop effects are further split into contributions from large and small momentum modes. The former are contained in Wilson coefficients of effective operators, the latter are reproduced by one-loop diagrams involving effective tree-level couplings. The method is illustrated by calculating potential non-decoupling effects of a heavy Higgs boson in a singlet Higgs extension of the Standard Model. In particular, we work in a field basis corresponding to mass eigenstates and properly take into account non-vanishing mixing between the two Higgs fields of the model. We also show that a proper choice of renormalization scheme for the non-standard sector of the underlying full theory is crucial for the construction of a consistent effective field theory.
Spherically symmetric ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
Authors: Katanaev M. O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA general analytic spherically symmetric solution of the Bogomol’nyi equations is found. It depends on two constants and one arbitrary function on radius and contains the Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield and Singleton solutions as particular cases. Thus all spherically symmetric ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles with massless scalar field and minimal energy are derived.