bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cosmic dispersion measure in the EAGLE simulations
Authors: Batten Adam J , Duffy Alan R , Wijers Nastasha A , Gupta Vivek , Flynn Chris , Schaye Joop , Ryan-Weber Emma 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs) provides a unique way to probe ionized baryons in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Cosmological models with different parameters lead to different DM–redshift (DM–z) relations. Additionally, the over/underdense regions in the IGM and the circumgalactic medium of intervening galaxies lead to scatter around the mean DM–z relations. We have used the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) simulations to measure the mean DM–z relation and the scatter around it using over 1 billion lines of sight at redshifts 0 &lt; z &lt; 3. We investigated two techniques to estimate line-of-sight DM: pixel scrambling and box transformations. We find that using box transformations (a technique from the literature) causes strong correlations due to repeated replication of structure. Comparing a linear and a non-linear model, we find that the non-linear model with a dependence on cosmological parameters provides a better fit to the DM–z relation. The differences between these models are the most significant at low redshifts (z &lt; 0.5). The scatter around the DM–z relation is highly asymmetric, especially at low redshift (z &lt; 0.5), and becomes more Gaussiana as redshift approaches z = 3, the limit of this study. The increase in Gaussianity with redshift is indicative of the large-scale structure that is better sampled with longer lines of sight. The DM–z relation measured in EAGLE is available with an easy-to-use python interface in the open-source FRB redshift estimation package fruitbat.
The H i–halo mass relation at redshift z ∼ 1 from the Minkowski functionals of 21-cm intensity maps
Authors: Spina Benedetta , Porciani Cristiano , Schimd Carlo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The mean and the scatter of the H i content of a dark matter halo as a function of the halo mass are useful statistics that can be used to test models of structure and galaxy formation. We investigate the possibility of constraining this H i–halo mass relation (HIHMR) from intensity maps of the redshifted 21-cm line. In particular, we use the geometry and topology of the brightness-temperature isocontours in a single frequency channel as quantified by the Minkowski functionals. First, we generate mock maps from a large N-body simulation considering the impact of thermal noise and foreground removal. We then use the Fisher information formalism to forecast constraints on a parametric model for the HIHMR. We consider a 20  000 deg2 survey (originally proposed for dark energy science) conducted with the Square Kilometre Array Phase 1 (SKA-1) MID observatory operating in single-dish mode. For a channel bandwidth of 2 MHz, we show that an integration time of a few$\, \times \, 10^4$ s per pointing is sufficient to image the smoothed H i distribution at redshift z ≃ 1 and to measure the HIHMR in a nearly optimal way from the Minkowski functionals. Tighter constraints on some of the parameters can be obtained by using also an independent measurement of the mean H i density. Combining the results from different frequency channels provides exquisite constraints on the evolution of the HIHMR, especially in the central frequency range of the data cube.
Linking zonal winds and gravity – II. Explaining the equatorially antisymmetric gravity moments of Jupiter
Authors: Dietrich Wieland , Wulff Paula , Wicht Johannes , Christensen Ulrich R 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The recent gravity field measurements of Jupiter (Juno) and Saturn (Cassini) confirm the existence of deep zonal flows reaching to a depth of 5 per cent and 15 per cent of the respective radius. Relating the zonal wind-induced density perturbations to the gravity moments has become a major tool to characterize the interior dynamics of gas giants. Previous studies differ with respect to the assumptions made on how the wind velocity relates to density anomalies, on the functional form of its decay with depth, and on the continuity of antisymmetric winds across the equatorial plane. For the case of Jupiter, most of the suggested vertical structures exhibit a rather smooth radial decay of the zonal wind, which seems at odds with the observed secular variation of the magnetic field and the prevailing barotropy of the zonal winds. Moreover, the results relied on modifications of the surface zonal flows, an artificial equatorial regularization or ignored the equatorial discontinuity altogether. We favour an alternative structure, where the equatorially antisymmetric zonal wind in an equatorial latitude belt between ±21° remains so shallow that it does not contribute to the gravity signal. The winds at higher latitudes suffice to convincingly explain the measured gravity moments. Our results indicate that the winds are barotropic, i.e. constant along cylinders, in the outer $3000$ km and decay rapidly below. The preferred wind structure is 50 per cent deeper than previously thought, agrees with the measured odd gravity moments, is compliant with the requirement of an adiabatic atmosphere and unbiased by the treatment of the equatorial discontinuity. We discuss possible implications for the interpretation of the secular variation of Jupiter’s magnetic field.
Planets around young active solar-type stars: assessing detection capabilities from a non-stabilized spectrograph
Authors: Heitzmann A , Marsden S C , Petit P , Mengel M W , Wright D , Clerte M , Millburn I , Folsom C P , Addison B C , Wittenmyer R A , Waite I A 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Short-orbit gas giant planet formation/evolution mechanisms are still not well understood. One promising pathway to discriminate between mechanisms is to constrain the occurrence rate of these peculiar exoplanets at the earliest stage of the system’s life. However, a major limitation when studying newly born stars is stellar activity. This cocktail of phenomena triggered by fast rotation, strong magnetic fields, and complex internal dynamics, especially present in very young stars, compromises our ability to detect exoplanets. In this paper, we investigated the limitations of such detections in the context of already acquired data solely using radial velocity data acquired with a non-stabilized spectrograph. We employed two strategies: Doppler Imaging and Gaussian Processes and could confidently detect hot Jupiters with a semi-amplitude of 100 m s−1 buried in the stellar activity. We also showed the advantages of the Gaussian Process approach in this case. This study serves as a proof of concept to identify potential candidates for follow-up observations or even discover such planets in legacy data sets available to the community.
Latinos understanding the need for adherence in diabetes (LUNA-D): a randomized controlled trial of an integrated team-based care intervention among Latinos with diabetes
Authors: Talavera Gregory A , Castañeda Sheila F , Mendoza Paulina M , Lopez-Gurrola Maria , Roesch Scott , Pichardo Margaret S , Garcia Melawhy L , Muñoz Fatima , Gallo Linda C 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe developed and tested a culturally appropriate, team-based, integrated primary care and behavioral health intervention in low income, Spanish-speaking Latinos with type 2 diabetes, at a federally qualified health center. This pragmatic randomized controlled trial included 456 Latino adults, 23–80 years, 63.7% female, with diabetes [recruitment glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0%/53.01 mmol/mol)]. The Special Intervention occurred over 6 months and targeted improvement of HbA1c, blood pressure, and lipids. The intervention included: (i) four, same-day integrated medical and behavioral co-located visits; (ii) six group diabetes self-management education sessions addressing the cultural dimensions of diabetes and lifestyle messages; (iii) and care coordination. Usual Care participants received primary care provider led standard diabetes care, with referrals to health education and behavioral health as needed. HbA1c and lipids were obtained through electronic health records abstraction. Blood pressure was measured by trained research staff. Multi-level models showed a significant group by time interaction effect (B = −0.32, p &lt; .01, 95% CI −0.49, −0.15), indicating statistically greater improvement in HbA1c level over 6 months in the Special Intervention group (ΔHbA1c = −0.35, p = &lt;.01) versus Usual Care (ΔHbA1c = −0.02, p = .72). Marginally significant group by time interactions were also found for total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure, with significant improvements in the Special Intervention group (p &lt; .05). This culturally appropriate model of highly integrated care offers strategies that can assist with self-management goals and disease management for Latinos with diabetes in a federally qualified health center setting.
Placebo Analgesia Does Not Reduce Empathy for Naturalistic Depictions of Others’ Pain in a Somatosensory Specific Way
Authors: Hartmann Helena , Riva Federica , Rütgen Markus , Lamm Claus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe shared representations account postulates that sharing another’s pain recruits underlying brain functions also engaged during first-hand pain. Critically, direct causal evidence for this was mainly shown for affective pain processing, while the contribution of somatosensory processes to empathy remains controversial. This controversy may be explained, however, by experimental paradigms that did not direct attention towards a specific body part, or that did not employ naturalistic depictions of others’ pain. In this preregistered functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we aimed to test whether causal manipulation of first-hand pain affects empathy for naturalistic depictions of pain in a somatosensory-matched manner. Forty-five participants underwent a placebo analgesia induction in their right hand and observed pictures of other people’s right and left hands in pain. We found neither behavioral nor neural evidence for somatosensory-specific modulation of pain empathy. However, exploratory analyses revealed a general effect of the placebo on empathy, and higher brain activity in bilateral anterior insula when viewing others’ right hands in pain (i.e., corresponding to one’s own placebo hand). These results refine our knowledge regarding the neural mechanisms of pain empathy, and imply that the sharing of somatosensory representations seems to play less of a causal role than the one of affective representations.
Designing and Implementing a Skin Care Protocol for Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome to Decrease Rates of Diaper Dermatitis
Authors: Glashan Courtney 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are at an increased risk for diaper dermatitis, which can cause skin breakdown and lead to significant pain and potential infection exposure. Skin care protocols in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting seldom specifically address the needs of this at-risk population, leading to inconsistent skin care management.

Purpose:
The goal was to support a decrease in the rate of diaper dermatitis for infants with NAS by designing and implementing an evidence-based skin care protocol.

Methods:
A retrospective medical record review was used to examine outcomes of 25 infants preintervention and 8 infants postintervention. The skin care protocol was a bundle of 5 evidence-based interventions: (1) a specific diaper dermatitis assessment tool; (2) frequent diaper changes with superabsorbent diapers; (3) application of petroleum jelly and alcohol-free wipes; (4) infant bathing in pH neutral soap; and (5) application of zinc oxide barrier cream for erythema.

Results:
There was an overall 80.5% decrease in diaper dermatitis from pre- to postimplementation (P ≤ .01) as noted when comparing positive cases of diaper dermatitis with negative cases from pre- to postintervention.

Implications for Practice:
Expanding the skin care protocol to all neonates in the NICU and nursery could aid in maintaining skin integrity and decreasing diaper dermatitis in the NICU. More research is needed following this study for the data to be generalizable to other NICUs. This study offers key takeaways including using a specific diaper dermatitis assessment tool and consistently using the bundle of interventions.

Video Abstract Available at:

https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx?autoPlay=false&videoId=47.
Preoperative Lower Extremity Motor Weakness Affects Deep Vein Thrombosis During the Perioperative Period of Lumbar Surgery
Authors: Imuro Takashi , Saito Mitsuru 
Published: May 2021

Study Design.
Prospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to assess preoperative factors in the development/exacerbation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in lumbar surgery and selectively perform lower-extremity venous ultrasonography (US) in patients at risk of perioperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Summary of Background Data.
DVT is often present before lumbar surgery and also can develop or is exacerbated postoperatively. An elevated d-dimer level is predictive of DVT but not in all patients or during every operative period. The level of the thrombogenic marker soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC) peaks early postoperatively.

Methods.
The study enrolled 698 patients (396 males; 12– 91 years [346 patients aged ≥70 years] at surgery) undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases. Patients with d-dimer levels ≥0.5 μg/mL or with a lower-extremity manual muscle test (MMT) < grade 3 underwent preoperative US. All preoperative DVT-positive patients and patients with SFMC levels ≥20 μg/mL on postoperative day 1 (POD1) underwent US. Patients with pre- and postoperative femoral-vein DVT underwent screening for pulmonary embolism (PE).

Results.
There were 251 patients with preoperative d-dimer levels ≥ 0.5 μg/mL, including 226 with MMT ≥ grade 3, 38 (16.8%) of whom were DVT-positive on US. In 48 patients with MMT <grade 3, DVT was detected in 16 of 25 patients with d-dimer levels ≥ 0.5 μg/mL (64.0%) and 10 of 23 with d-dimer levels <0.5 μg/mL (43.5%). Postoperatively, 26 of 64 preoperative DVT-positive patients (40.6%) had postoperative exacerbation of DVT; PE occurred in three. Among 100 of 634 preoperative DVT-negative patients, US revealed new DVT in 14 (2.2%) and PE in one. Preoperative DVT and new postoperative DVT were significantly more common in patients aged ≥70 years; postoperative DVT exacerbation was significantly more common in patients aged <70 years. A significantly higher proportion of patients with motor weakness had preoperative DVTs and postoperative exacerbated or new DVTs.

Conclusion.
Preoperative DVT screening by US is advisable for patients with elevated d-dimer levels, lower extremities with MMT < grade 3, or DVT positivity. Postoperative US is advisable for patients with elevated SFMC levels on POD1.

Level of Evidence: 3
New insights in statins affecting atheromatous plaque macrophages
Authors: Härdtner Carmen , Ehlert Carolin A. , Hilgendorf Ingo 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Macrophages are key protagonists of atherosclerotic plaque development and hence represent targets of therapeutic intervention. Statins are the most potent widely used atheroprotective drugs. Therefore, whether and how statins influence atheromatous plaque macrophages has remained at the center of cardiovascular research for decades.

Recent findings
Because statins are capable of regulating macrophage functions in cell culture, largely independent of their cholesterol-lowering effect, it was assumed that these pleiotropic effects operate in vivo as well. Recent experimental data, in line with clinical observations, indicate, however, that statins do not interact with macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, directly, and instead control their functions and assembly indirectly via changes to circulating lipid levels and endothelial activation.

Summary
Statin-mediated lipid lowering induces plaque regression which is characterized by a decline in plaque macrophage content. Understanding how statins provoke this protective phenotype may inspire conceptually new therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular medicine.
A Retrospective Analysis of Treatment Outcomes Following Guided Bone Regeneration at Sites Exhibiting Severe Alveolar Ridge Atrophy
Authors: Di Carlo Stefano , Ciolfi Alessandro , Grasso Elena , Pranno Nicola , De Angelis Francesca , Di Gioia Cira , Jedliński Maciej , Tornese Andrea , Lomelo Paolo , Brauner Edoardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Severely atrophic alveolar ridges represent a great challenge for implant-prosthetic rehabilitations. The aim of this study was to clinically and histologically evaluate horizontal and vertical bone gain, as well as implant survival/success rate after guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the reconstruction of large bone defects. Fourteen subjects (7 males and 7 females; mean age: 48.9 ± 14.1) were enrolled in the study. They were selected according to specific inclusion criteria and all patients required GBR procedures for placing implants in severe atrophic jaws (bone height ≤6 mm). Guided bone regeneration was performed using dense polytetrafluoroethylene nonresorbable titanium-reinforced membranes associated with particulate heterologous bone grafts. Implant placement was performed 6 months after surgery at the same time as the removal of the membrane. Furthermore, a biopsy sample from the grafted sites was collected to conduct a histological analysis of the regenerated bone. Forty-seven dental implants were placed and followed up after prosthetic loading. Seventeen sites, 8 in the maxilla and 9 in the mandible, were suitable for the GBR procedure. The healing period was uneventful in 13 sites. The average value of vertical bone regeneration was 5.88 ± 1.17 mm. Postloading follow-up ranged from 24 to 59 months. During the follow-up, clinical and radiographic exams showed no significant bone resorption and, in each case, the criteria for implants’ survival were respected with no signs of any complications. Histological analysis of the bone biopsy samples revealed residual graft particulate in close contact with newly formed bone. Guided bone regeneration is a reliable technique for reconstruction of severe atrophic ridges. Larger long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the condition of the bone grafted over time and its ability to support functional loading of the implants.
A Comparison of Weight Gain Following Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis and Tongue-Lip Adhesion in the Treatment of Robin Sequence
Authors: van Nunen Daan P.F. , Griot J. Peter W. Don , Kruisinga Frea , Broers Chantal J.M. , Breugem Corstiaan C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Obstructive respiratory stress and feeding difficulties in infants with Robin sequence (RS) may result in poor weight gain or loss. Following failure of conservative treatment, surgical options include mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) and tongue-lip adhesion (TLA). Whilst both techniques have demonstrated to improve airway patency and feeding behavior, an advantage of either in restoring weight growth remains unknown. This study aimed to improve procedural selection by examining weight gain following MDO and TLA. A retrospective chart review was performed for 17 RS patients that had undergone MDO and 25 that had received TLA. The mean body weight in both groups was below the 50th population percentile at birth and fell further in the period before surgery. A mixed model analysis demonstrated that postoperative weight gain depended on the progression of time and preoperative weight. Conversely, biological sex, congenital comorbidities, method of feeding, the respective cleft team, and the type of surgery did not significantly influence the evolution of postoperative body weight. In conclusion, both MDO and TLA were able to restore weight growth in infants affected by RS, though a clear superiority of either technique could not be established.
Using Buccal Mucosa and Auricular Cartilage With a Local Flap for Full-Thickness Defect of Lower Eyelid
Authors: Jin Ming-Jia , Gao Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reconstruction of full-thickness eyelid wounds is challenging. In this case, using buccal mucosa to repair the conjunctival surface of the lower eyelid defect maintain the function of the conjunctival surface, reduce the damage to the original ocular surface environment. Using autologous auricular cartilage as the skeleton of the eyelid defect, provided better support for the flap, and the site had a good esthetic appearance after surgery. Using skin flap to repair the skin surface of the lower eyelid defect, the eyelid defect can be repaired and good clinical results can be obtained.
Increased circulating IL-18 levels in severe mental disorders indicate systemic inflammasome activation
Authors: Szabo Attila , O’Connell Kevin S. , Ueland Thor , Sheikh Mashhood A. , Agartz Ingrid , Andreou Dimitrios , Aukrust Pål , Boye Birgitte , Bøen Erlend , Drange Ole Kristian , Elvsåshagen Torbjørn , Engh John Abel , Hope Sigrun , Høegh Margrethe Collier , Joa Inge , Johnsen Erik , Kroken Rune Andreas , Lagerberg Trine Vik , Lekva Tove , Malt Ulrik Fredrik , Melle Ingrid , Morken Gunnar , Nærland Terje , Steen Vidar Martin , Sørensen Kjetil , Wedervang-Resell Kirsten , Weibell Melissa Auten , Westlye Lars T. , Steen Nils Eiel , Andreassen Ole , Djurovic Srdjan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental illnesses (SMI) that are part of a psychosis continuum, and dysregulated innate immune responses have been suggested to be involved in their pathophysiology. However, disease-specific immune mechanisms in SMI are not known yet. Recently, dyslipidemia has been linked to systemic inflammasome activation, and elevated atherogenic lipid ratios have been shown to correlate with circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in SMI. It is, however, not yet known if increased systemic cholesterol load leads to inflammasome activation in these patients.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that patients with SCZ and BD display higher circulating levels compared to healthy individuals of key members of the IL-18 system using a large patient cohort (n=1632; including 737 SCZ and 895 BD), and healthy controls (CTRL; n=1070). In addition, we assessed associations with coronary artery disease risk factors in SMI, focusing on relevant inflammasome-related, neuroendocrine, and lipid markers.ResultsWe report higher baseline levels of circulating IL-18 system components (IL-18, IL-18BPA) as well as increased expression of inflammasome-related genes (NLRP3 and NLRC4) in the blood of patients relative to CTRL. We demonstrate a cholesterol dyslipidemia pattern in psychotic disorders, and report correlations between levels of blood cholesterol species and the expression of inflammasome system elements in SMI.ConclusionsBased on these results, we suggest a link between systemic inflammasome activation/dysregulation and cholesterol load in SMI. Our findings further the understanding of possible underlying inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms and may expose important therapeutic targets in SMI.