bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early sex determination of Turkey by observation of differences in body weight between male and female
Authors: Akter S , Das SC , Apu AS , Ahmed T , Lahiry A , Afrin A , Nishat NJ 
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the early sex in turkeys by observation of the differences in body weight between male and female birds. A total of 30-day old black color unsexed poults having almost similar body weight at hatching were considered for the experimentation and housed at the Poultry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. All birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age under intensive management with supplementation of commercial broiler starter and grower feeds. Birds were reared under similar management conditions. Significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight was attained in male poults (104g/bird) than the female (90g/bird) at the end of 1st week of age. Similarly, at the end of 2nd week of age higher (p<0.01) body weight attained by male poults (198.31g/bird) than the female (162.13g/bird). At the end of 3rd weeks of age male poults attained higher (p<0.01) body weight (307.23g/bird) than the female (251.33g/bird). After 4 weeks of rearing, male turkeys attained significantly higher (p<0.01) live body weight (424.46g/bird) than the female turkeys (347.87g/bird). The weekly average body weight gains of male and female birds were 94.18g/bird and 76.5g/bird, respectively. Thus, the male and female birds were successfully identified on the basis of differences in their body weight. Weekly feed intake for both the male and female birds was also increased with their age. Up to 4 weeks of age, both the male and female poults consumed same amount of feed (753.46g/bird). The FCR of male and female poults differed non-significantly in 1st, 3rd and 4th week. On the contrary, in 2nd week of age the FCR of male poults (1.60) was significantly lower (p<0.01) than female (2.11). Survivability was 100% up to 4th week of age irrespective of sex of the poults. The birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age until to confirm their sex by observation of the phenotypic appearance. Results of the phenotypic observation of male and female birds correspondence hundred percent accuracy with the results obtained in body weight based differences between male and female birds. It is therefore concluded that farmers can identify male or female poults as early as first week of age on the basis of body weight differences.
Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 218-226, 2020
DESAIN USER INTERFACE GAME FAIRPLAY POKER MENGGUNAKAN METODE UCD (USER CENTERED DESIGN)
Authors: Bastian Henry , Saputro Godham Eko 
Published: March 2021

AbstrakDi Indonesia, salah satu permainan yang menjadi kegemaran adalah bermain game Poker. Poker merupakan permainan kartu aturan yang dapat dimainkan secara langsung maupun lewat internet. Game Poker online adalah salah satu sarana efektif untuk menghabiskan waktu sekaligus hiburan kesenangan bermain poker dengan banyak orang. Salah satu game Poker yang terkenal adalah Zynga Poker. Pencarian data yang ditemukan bahwasannya permainan tersebut mempunyai kekurangan pada bagian user interface yang berat saat digunakan sehingga penulis mencoba untuk membuat user interface game online sejenis menggunakan metode UCD (User-Centered Design) dengan nama game FairPlay Poker. Desain yang dihasilkan adalah desain ilustrasi 2D yang digunakan dengan lebih ringan. Kata kunci: Game, metode UCD, User interface, Poker, AbstractIn Indonesia, one of the favorite online games is poker. Poker is a card game with some rules that can be played directly or via the internet. Online Poker game is one of the effective media to spend time and amuse pleasure by playing poker with peoples. The Infamous Poker game is known as Zynga Poker. From the data search that had been done, the game still has a few weaknesses in the heavy User Interface that the authors try to develop a similar user interface poker game. Which name the Fairplay Poker using UCD (User-Centered Design) methodology. A design resulted in an illustration designed in 2D that can improve loading with lighter. Keywords: Game, UCD Method, User interface, Fairplay
KAJIAN USABILITY APLIKASI CANVA (STUDI KASUS PENGGUNA MAHASISWA DESAIN)
Authors: Rahmasari Erisa Adyati , Yogananti Auria F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Kemudahan mendesain saat ini ditawarkan oleh platform desain melalui website maupun aplikasi. Canva merupakan salah satu best platform yang digunakan untuk mendesain. Canva dapat dengan digunakan melalui website dan aplikasi mobile. Canva didesain dengan kelengkapan fitur dan template yang memudahkan seseorang mendesain seperti mendesain poster, kartu ucapan, brosur, infografis hingga presentasi dalam waktu yang singkat. Hal tersebutlah yang membuat Canva digunakan pula oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui usability dari aplikasi Canva dengan tujuan mengetahui pengalaman pengguna dalam hal ini mahasiswa terhadap aplikasi tersebut karena ditemukan ketidakpuasan pada saat menggunakan aplikasi Canva. Metode kualitatif-kuantitatif digunakan untuk mendiskripsikan secara detail hasil wawancara langsung dan hasil angket yang diberikan. Analisa aplikasi menggunakan poin Usability yakni berkaitan dengan learnability, efficiency, memorability, error dan satisfaction untuk mengetahui pengalaman pengguna dan dipadukan dengan metode Important Performance Analysis (IPA). Dari analisa yang dilakukan pada aplikasi Canva diketahui bahwa untuk meningkatkan usability, kemudahan aksesibilitas serta kepuasan pengguna ketika menemukan error dan memperbaiki error harus diperbaiki. Selain itu, aplikasi Canva perlu memperbaiki alur dan akurasi waktu saat penggunaan aplikasi. Poin usability yang perlu dipertahankan adalah kemudahan saat mengenali simbol-simbol, dan sistem serta efisiensi navigasi. Kata Kunci: aplikasi, Canva, desain, usability, user experience AbstractThe convenience of design also offered a design platform through a website or application. Canva is one of the best platforms used to design. Canva can be used through the website and mobile application. Canva was designed with the features and templates that can help someone make the design like a poster design, a greeting, brochures, infographic until a presentation in a limited time. Those things made Canva also used by university students. This study was conducted to appraise the usability to learn user experiences, in this case, are students toward the application because dissatisfaction found when Canva application used. The mixed-method is used to describe the detailed result of direct interviews and surveys. The analysis used the usability point associate with learnability, efficiency, memorability, error, and satisfaction to understanding the user experience combined with Important Performance Analysis (IPA). From the analysis that has been done, to increase usability, ease accessibility, and user satisfaction when a user found error and fix error must be repaired. Furthermore, the Canva application needs to correct user flow and time accuracy when using the application. Moreover, Usability points that need to maintain are convenience when recognizing symbols, system, and navigation efficiency. Keywords: Application, Canva, Design, Usability, User Experience
A FRAMEWORK TO DESIGN MASCOT CHARACTER AS SUPPORTING TOOL FOR CITY BRANDING BASED ON YURU-CHARA CONCEPT
Authors: Wiratmo Triyadi Guntur , Grahita Banung , Maslan Riama , Fadillah Fadillah , Ratri Dianing 
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPemanfaatan maskot, yang juga disebut "Yuru-chara", untuk place branding. adalah hal yang biasa dilakukan di Jepang. Dalam beberapa kasus, seperti Kumamon yang digunakan sebagai maskot kota Kumamoto, terbukti sukses. Beberapa tahun terakhir kota-kota di Indonesia seperti Surabaya, Malang, dan Balikpapan telah mencoba menggunakan maskot dalam membentuk citra kotanya. Meski demikian, sebagian besar maskot tersebut tidak diterima dengan baik oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kerangka kerja praktis dalam merancang maskot yang efektif untuk city branding yang menarik bagi publik dan merepresentasikan kota dengan baik. Framework tersebut dibuat dengan mengadopsi pendekatan desain yang digunakan untuk mendesain Yuru-chara di Jepang dengan menggunakan Metodologi Penelitian Desain. Hasilnya, kerangka kerja desain yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu 1) menentukan pesan, (2) membuat penamaan, (3) mendesain, (4) menciptakan dan memelihara visibilitas dapat dikembangkan. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh para desainer dan ahli, ditemukan bahwa framework tersebut dapat dimengerti dan berguna untuk menciptakan desain maskot yang menarik, tetapi memiliki kelemahan untuk memenuhi tujuan city branding. Sebagai rekomendasi, perlu ditambahkan tahapan penelitian yang mendalam sebagai proses pendefinisian pesan yang digunakan sebagai dasar ide desain. Kata Kunci: yuruchara, desain maskot, desain karakter, city branding, metode desain AbstractThe utilization of a mascot called “Yuru-chara” for place branding is a common practice in Japan. In several cases, for instance, Kumamon, the mascot of Kumamoto city proven to be successful. In recent years, cities in Indonesia such as Surabaya, Malang, and Balikpapan have tried to use mascots in their city branding. Nevertheless, most of the mascots are not well-received by the public. This research intends to find a practical framework to design an effective mascot for city branding that is appealing to the public and properly represents the city. The framework is created by adopting the design approach that is used for designing Yuru-chara in Japan, using Design Research Methodology. As a result, a design framework that consists of four phases, which are 1) specifying message, (2) creating naming, (3) designing, (4) creating and maintaining visibility to developed. Based on the evaluation performed by designers and experts, it is discovered that the framework is understandable and useful for creating appealing mascot design, but has a weakness to fulfill the city branding purpose. As a recommendation, an in-depth research phase needs to be added as a process for defining the message used for the basis of the design idea. Keywords: yuru-chara, mascot design, character design, city branding, design method
Tumor Microenvironment Analysis Identified Subtypes Associated With the Prognosis and the Tumor Response to Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Hongxian , Song Jiwen , Dong Junqiang , Liu Zhuo , Lin Lixuan , Wang Bing , Ma Qiang , Ma Lulin 
Published: March 2021

Background: The efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in bladder cancer (BLCA) treatment has been widely validated; however, the tumor response to ICIs was generally low. It is critical and urgent to find biomarkers that can predict tumor response to ICIs. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which may play important roles to either dampen or enhance immune responses, has been widely concerned.Methods: The cancer genome atlas BLCA (TCGA-BLCA) cohort (n = 400) was used in this study. Based on the proportions of 22 types of immune cells calculated by CIBERSORT, TME was classified by K-means Clustering and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined. Based on DEGs, patients were classified into three groups, and cluster signature genes were identified after reducing redundant genes. Then TMEscore was calculated based on cluster signature genes, and the samples were classified to two subtypes. We performed somatic mutation and copy number variation analysis to identify the genetic characteristics of the two subtypes. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between TMEscore and the tumor response to ICIs as well as the prognosis of BLCA.Results: According to the proportions of immune cells, two TME clusters were determined, and 1,144 DEGs and 138 cluster signature genes were identified. Based on cluster signature genes, samples were classified into TMEscore-high (n = 199) and TMEscore-low (n = 201) subtypes. Survival analysis showed patients with TMEscore-high phenotype had better prognosis. Among the 45 differentially expressed micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and 1,033 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between the two subtypes, 16 miRNAs and 287 mRNAs had statistically significant impact on the prognosis of BLCA. Furthermore, there were 94 genes with significant differences between the two subtypes, and they were enriched in RTK-RAS, NOTCH, WNT, Hippo, and PI3K pathways. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score of TMEscore-high BLCA was statistically lower than that of TMEscore-low BLCA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of TMEscore and tumor mutation burden (TMB) is 0.6918 and 0.5374, respectively.Conclusion: We developed a method to classify BLCA patients to two TME subtypes, TMEscore-high and TMEscore-low, and we found TMEscore-high subtype of BLCA had a good prognosis and a good response to ICIs.
Artificial Intelligence for Ultrasound Informative Image Selection of Metacarpal Head Cartilage. A Pilot Study
Authors: Cipolletta Edoardo , Fiorentino Maria Chiara , Moccia Sara , Guidotti Irene , Grassi Walter , Filippucci Emilio , Frontoni Emanuele 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:This study aims to develop an automatic deep-learning algorithm, which is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), for ultrasound informative-image selection of hyaline cartilage at metacarpal head level. The algorithm performance and that of three beginner sonographers were compared with an expert assessment, which was considered the gold standard.Methods:The study was divided into two steps. In the first one, an automatic deep-learning algorithm for image selection was developed using 1,600 ultrasound (US) images of the metacarpal head cartilage (MHC) acquired in 40 healthy subjects using a very high-frequency probe (up to 22 MHz). The algorithm task was to identify US images defined informative as they show enough information to fulfill the Outcome Measure in Rheumatology US definition of healthy hyaline cartilage. The algorithm relied on VGG16 CNN, which was fine-tuned to classify US images in informative and non-informative ones. A repeated leave-four-subject out cross-validation was performed using the expert sonographer assessment as gold-standard. In the second step, the expert assessed the algorithm and the beginner sonographers' ability to obtain US informative images of the MHC.Results:The VGG16 CNN showed excellent performance in the first step, with a mean area (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic curve, computed among the 10 models obtained from cross-validation, of 0.99 ± 0.01. The model that reached the best AUC on the testing set, which we named “MHC identifier 1,” was then evaluated by the expert sonographer. The agreement between the algorithm, and the expert sonographer was almost perfect [Cohen's kappa: 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.71–0.98)], whereas the agreement between the expert and the beginner sonographers using conventional assessment was moderate [Cohen's kappa: 0.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.76)]. The conventional obtainment of US images by beginner sonographers required 6.0 ± 1.0 min, whereas US videoclip acquisition by a beginner sonographer lasted only 2.0 ± 0.8 min.Conclusion:This study paves the way for the automatic identification of informative US images for assessing MHC. This may redefine the US reliability in the evaluation of MHC integrity, especially in terms of intrareader reliability and may support beginner sonographers during US training.
Assessment of Physician's Knowledge of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions: An Online Survey in China
Authors: Yuan Jing , Shen Chunying , Wang Chengnan , Shen Gang , Han Bing 
Published: March 2021

Background: Drug interactions are the most common preventable cause of adverse drug reaction, which may result in drug toxicity or undesired therapeutic effect with harmful outcomes to patients. Given the rising use of combination therapies, the main objectives of this study were to estimate the degree to which physicians can identify potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) correctly and to describe the common source of information used by physicians when they need to check PDDIs.Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a self-administered online questionnaire was conducted among physicians in China. Participants were asked to classify 20 drug pairs as “no interaction,” “may be used together with monitoring,” “contraindication,” and “not sure.” We also collected data on the physician's source of information and altitude toward the PDDIs. An ordinary least square regression model was performed to investigate the potential predictors of PDDI knowledge.Results: Eligible questionnaires were obtained from 618 physicians. The respondents classified correctly 6.7 out of 20 drug pairs, or 33.4% of the drug interactions investigated. The number of drug pairs recognized by respondents was ranged from 0 to 16. The percentage of physicians who recognized specific drug pairs ranged from 8.3% for no interactions between conjugated estrogens and raloxifene, to 64.0% for the interaction between dopamine and phenytoin. When the respondents want to check PDDI information, the most commonly used source of information was package inserts (n = 572, 92.6%), followed by the Internet or mobile Apps (n = 424, 68.6%), consultation with clinical pharmacists (n = 384, 62.1%), medical textbooks (n = 374, 60.5%), knowledge base in Chinese (n = 283, 45.8%), and other physicians (n = 366, 59.2%). In the multiple regression analysis, the significant predictors of a higher number of recognized drug pairs were years of practice and altitudes toward PDDIs.Conclusion: In this online survey accessing physician's ability to detect PDDIs, less than half of the drug pairs were recognized, indicating unsatisfactory level of knowledge about the clinically significant drug interactions. Continuing education and accessible electronic database can help physicians detecting PDDIs and improve drug safety.
Locus Coeruleus Malfunction Is Linked to Psychopathology in Prodromal Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Hansen Niels 
Published: March 2021

Background: The locus coeruleus (LC) is a nucleus in the human brainstem with a variety of noradrenaline-driven functions involved in cognition, emotions, and perception. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) constitutes a neurodegenerative disease involving deposits of alpha-synuclein, first appearing in the brainstem. The goal of this narrative review is to delineate the relationship between the expression of psychiatric symptoms as an early-onset of DLB and the degeneration of the LC's noradrenaline system.Methods: We searched in PubMed for relevant articles concerning LC degeneration and psychiatric symptoms in prodromal DLB in this narrative review. We rely on the McKeith criteria for prodromal psychiatric DLB.Results: We found four studies that document neuronal loss, deposits of Lewy bodies and other hints for neurodegeneration in the LC in patients with DLB. Furthermore, we reviewed theories and studies on how the degenerated noradrenaline LC system contributes to psychiatric DLB's phenotype. We hypothesized how anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, and depressive symptoms might occur in DLB patients due to degenerated noradrenergic neurons entailing consecutive altered noradrenergic transmission in the LC's projection areas.Conclusions: LC degeneration in prodromal DLB might cause psychiatric symptoms as the first and non-motor manifestation of DLB, as the LC is affected earlier by degeneration than are dopaminergic structures such as the substantia nigra, which are impaired later in the disease course.
Correlation Between Respiratory Accessory Muscles and Diaphragm Pillars MRI and Pulmonary Function Test in Late-Onset Pompe Disease Patients
Authors: Reyes-Leiva David , Alonso-Pérez Jorge , Mayos Mercedes , Nuñez-Peralta Claudia , Llauger Jaume , Belmonte Izaskun , Pedrosa-Hernández Irene , Segovia Sonia , Díaz-Manera Jordi 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Pompe disease is a rare genetic disease produced by mutations in the GAA gene leading to progressive skeletal and respiratory muscle weakness. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is useful to identify fatty replacement in skeletal muscles of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) patients. Previous studies have shown that replacement by fat correlates with worse results of muscle function tests. Our aim was to investigate if fat replacement of muscles involved in the ventilation process correlated with results of the spirometry and predicted respiratory muscle impairment in LOPD patients over time.Materials and Methods: We studied a cohort of 36 LOPD patients followed up annually in our center for a period of 4 years. We quantified muscle fat replacement using Mercuri score of the thoracic paraspinal and abdominal muscles and the pillars of the diaphragm. We correlated the combined Mercuri scores of these areas with spirometry results and the need of respiratory support.Results: We found a statistically significant correlation (Spearman test, p &lt; 0.05; coefficient of correlation &gt; 0.6) between forced vital capacity seated and lying and fat fraction score of all muscle groups studied. The group of patients who needed respiratory support had higher fat fraction scores than patients not requiring ventilatory support. Higher fat replacement in these areas correlated with worse progression in spirometry values over time.Conclusions: Fat replacement of paraspinal, abdominal, and trunk muscles correlates with results of spirometry and is able to predict worsening in respiratory muscle function tests that could lead to an emerging ventilatory dysfunction. Therefore, the identification of fat replacement in these muscle groups should lead to a closer monitorization of patients. Radiologic evaluation of diaphragm pillars in T1-weighted imaging axial sequences could also be helpful to predict respiratory insufficiency.
Best Supportive Care Versus Whole-Brain Irradiation, Chemotherapy Alone, or WBRT Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Brain Metastases From Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case-Controlled Analysis
Authors: Li Hongwei , Xue Ruiqi , Yang Xiaotang , Han Songye , Yang Weihua , Song Xin , Zhang Xiaqin , Cao Jianzhong , Jia Sufang , Wang Weili , Lian Jianhong 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWBRT and systemic chemotherapy are the mainstay treatments for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) brain metastases (BM). However, current recommendations are mainly based on evidence from retrospective analyses. A recent randomized trial found no benefits from WBRT compared with best supportive care (BSC) in patients with more than three BM from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the roles of WBRT and chemotherapy further in the management of BM from SCLC.Materials and MethodsThere were 698 patients with BM from SCLC included. Of these, 580 received anti cancer treatment (Group 1), including 178 who received WBRT only (Group 1a), 129 who received chemotherapy only (Group 1b), and 273 who received WBRT plus chemotherapy (Group 1c). The other 118 received BSC (Group 2). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to compare Group 2 with each of the other groups.ResultsAfter PSM, compared with Group 2 (n = 118), patients in Group 1 (n = 440) had a prolonged overall survival (OS) in both univariate and multivariate tests, with a median survival time of 10 months (95% CI = 9−11) in Group 1 and 3.5 months (95% CI = 2−7) in Group 2 (p &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analyses, patients who received WBRT plus chemotherapy were more likely to benefit from treatment (p &lt; 0.001). Chemotherapy alone or WBRT alone did not show survival benefits.ConclusionWBRT plus chemotherapy improved OS in patients with BM from SCLC as compared to BSC. Chemotherapy alone and WBRT alone did not show survival benefits. This retrospective study suggests that SCLC patients with BM who receive WBRT combined with chemotherapy have a better outcome than those receiving BSC alone.