bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhigang , Xu Kaiming , Zhang Yanting , Chen Gang , Zhou Youfa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of QLB versus controls in women undergoing cesarean section (CS). We systematically searched Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, VIP, WANFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Trials were eligible if parturients received QLB during CS. GRADE system was used to assess the certainty of evidence and Trial sequential analyses (TSA) were performed to determine whether the results are supported by sufficient data. Thirteen studies involving 1269 patients were included. Compared to controls, QLB significantly reduced the cumulative postoperative intravenous opioid consumption (in milligram morphine equivalents) at 24h (MD, -11.51 mg; 95% CI -17.05 to -5.96) and 48h (MD, -15.87 mg; 95% CI -26.36 to -5.38), supported by sufficient data confirmed by TSA. The postoperative pain scores were significantly reduced by QLB at 4h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 48h postoperatively by QLB compared with control. Moreover, the time to first request for rescue analgesic and the incidence of PONV were also significantly reduced by QLB. The quality of evidence of most results were low and moderate assessed by GRADE.
MoO3 Structures Transition from Nanoflowers to Nanorods and Their Sensing Performances
Authors: Hu Li-Bin , Huang Xin-Yu , Zhang Shan , Chen Xue , Dong Xian-Hui , Jin He , Jiang Zhen-Yu , Gong Xiao-Ran , Xie Yi-Xuan , Li Chen , Chi Zong-Tao , Xie Wan-Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Morphology transformation and crystal growth strategies of metal oxide semiconductors are extensive studied in material science recently, because the morphology and crystallinity of the nanomaterial have significant effect on the physicochemical characteristics. However, understanding the morphology changes of α-MoO3 induced by annealing temperature is still a challenge. Herein, the nanostructure transition of MoO3 induced by calcined temperature has been investigated through XRD and SEM method. It can be found that crystallization is highly dependent on the annealing temperature. In addition, the MoO3 nanoflowers can change into nanosheets at 500 ºC. Afterwards, the nanosheets turn into microrods, especially at 900 ºC due to the growth of MoO3 crystal. On the other hand, MoO3 is a traditional sensing material, which is sensitive to many volatile organic compounds. Thus, the sensing performances of various MoO3 nanostructures were measured. Compared with MoO3 nanoflowers and microrods. The MoO3 nanosheets based sensor has excellent sensing performance towards ethanol, and the maximum gas response value is 8.06.
Central Venous Catheterization by Anesthesia Providers During Laparoscopic Radical Rectal Cancer Surgery: Unnecessary for Most Patients
Authors: Lin Zhenhua , Cheng Minghua , Huang Xiaoe , Li Liping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) is commonly used in surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate whether there is an unnecessary use of CVC in laparoscopic radical rectal cancer.Methods: This is a retrospective review of prospective medical records of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery from January 2015 to May 2019 in our institution. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether CVC was inserted by the anesthesiologist or not, and the perioperative variables of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Patients with CVC insertion were divided into two groups according to their single-lumen or double-lumen, and the perioperative variables of the two groups were compared.Results: Of 344 patients who underwent surgery, 194(56.4%) were without CVC and 150 (43.6%) with CVC. There was no significant difference in operative time, fluid transfusion, blood loss, postoperative parenteral nutrition, and hospital stay (p > 0.05). For patients with CVC, none of the patients underwent central venous pressure monitoring, only 2 (1.33%) patients received a blood transfusion, 11 (7.33%) patients received vasoactive drugs and 3 (2%) patients received postoperative ICU. There was no significant difference in perioperative variables between the single-lumen tube and double-lumen tube groups.Conclusion: For most patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, CVC is unnecessary and a waste of medical resources.
Improving the Fracture Toughness of Multi-Layered Commercial Pure Aluminum via Warm Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Attar Ali Akhavan , Nia Ali Alavi , Mazaheri Yousef , Ghassemali Ehsan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the fracture toughness of the multi-layered commercial pure aluminum samples (AA1050) prepared by warm accumulative roll bonding (WARB) was investigated for the first time. Based on the ASTM E561 standard, the R-curve method was utilized to measure the plane stress fracture toughness. Compact tension (CT) samples were prepared from the sheets that were processed by different ARB cycles. Mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture surfaces of the CT samples were studied by uniaxial tensile test, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. By increasing the number of WARB cycles, fracture toughness increased; after five cycles, 78% enhancement was observed compared to the pre-processed state. A correlation was seen between the fracture toughness variations and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). WARB enhanced UTS up to 95%, while the grain size showed a reduction from 35 to 1.8 µm. Measured fracture toughness values were compared with the room temperature ARB outcomes, and the effective parameters were analyzed. Fractography results indicated that the presence of tiny cliffs and furrows and hollow under fatigue loading zones and shear ductile rupture in the Quasi-static tensile loading zone.
Nivolumab vesus Regorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after Sorafenib failure
Authors: Kuo Yuan-Hung , Yen Yi-Hao , Chen Yen-Yang , Kee Kwong-Ming , Hung Chao-Hung , Lu Sheng-Nan , Hu Tsung-Hui , Chen Chien-Hung , Wang Jing-Houng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nivolumab and regorafenib are approved second-line therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sorafenib failure. This study compared the effectiveness of nivolumab and regorafenib following sorafenib. We retrospectively enrolled HCC patients who had undergone nivolumab or regorafenib after sorafenib failure. Treatment response, treatment related adverse events (TRAE) and clinical outcomes of study patients were recorded and analyzed. A total of 90 patients (Male/Female: 67/23, mean age: 63 year) were enrolled, including 32 patients in the Nivolumab group and 58 patients in the Regorafenib group. The Nivolumab group had better objective response rates (16% vs 6.4%) and disease control rates (44% vs 31.9%) than the Regorafenib group, but there was no statistical difference. The comparison of time to progression (3.0 months vs 2.6 months, p=0.786) and overall survival (OS) (14 months vs 11 months, p=0.763) between Nivolumab and Regorafenib groups were also insignificant. Regarding TRAE incidence, the Nivolumab group was significantly lower than the Regorafenib group (37.5% vs 68%, p=0.006). After cession of nivolumab / regorafenib, 34 patients (37.8%) (Nivolumab group/ Regorafenib group: 11/23) could afford the following therapies. Concerning sequential systemic therapies, 17 patients (18.9%) received third-line therapy, whereas 6 patients (6.7%) could move to four-line therapy. In multivariable analysis, patients who achieved disease control were associated with improved OS (Hazard ratio, 0.18; 95% Confidence Interval, 0.07–0.46; p<0.001) after adjusting Child-Pugh class and Post-treatment. After sorafenib failure, using nivolumab had lower TRAE incidence and a trend of better treatment response than using regorafenib.
Reduced Listener-speaker Neural Coupling Underlies Speech Understanding Difficulty in Older Adults
Authors: liu lanfang , Ding Xiaowei , Li Hehui , Zhou Qi , Gao Dingguo , Lu Chunming , Ding Guosheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An increasing number of studies have highlighted the importance of listener-speaker neural coupling in successful verbal communication. Whether the brain-to-brain coupling changes with healthy aging and the possible role of this change in the speech comprehension of older adults remain unexplored. In this study, we scanned with fMRI a young and an older speaker telling real-life stories, and then played the audio recordings to a group of young (N = 28, aged 19-27y) and a group of older adults during scanning (N = 27, aged 53-75y), respectively. The older listeners understood the speech less well than did the young listeners, and the age of the older listeners was negatively correlated with their level of speech understanding. Compared to the young listener-speaker dyads, the older dyads exhibited reduced neural couplings in both linguistic and extra-linguistic areas. Moreover, within the older group, the listener’s age was negatively correlated with the overall strength of interbrain coupling, which in turn was associated with reduced speech understanding. These results reveal the deficits of older adults in achieving neural alignment with other brains, which may underlie the age-related decline in speech understanding.
Novel Silica Functionalized Monosodium Glutamate/PVA&nbsp;Cross-linked Membranes for Alkali Recovery by Diffusion Dialysis
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Adnan , Islam Atif , Butt Muhammad Arif 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, two types of silica functionalized monosodium glutamate (GMSG and VMSG)/ poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were cross-linked by sol-gel process to prepare novel hybrid cation exchange membranes (CEMs). The prepared membranes were systematically characterized by FTIR, ion exchange capacity (IEC), TGA, water uptake, water swelling, mechanical strength and diffusion dialysis (DD) performance for alkali separation using NaOH/Na2WO4 solution. The FTIR peaks around 1260-1350 cm−1 confirmed the secondary C−N linkages. The cross-linking between GMSG/VMSG and PVA was verified by the presence of stretching peaks of Si−O−C, Si−O−Si, C−O−C, and −C(=O)−O−C groups between 1080-1120 cm−1. TGA results indicated that GMSG membranes showed relatively high thermal stability as compared to VMSG membranes. Water uptake and degree of swelling decreased while IEC values increased with the increase of GMSG/VMSG content in membrane matrix. The mechanical properties of the membranes improved up to 40% GMSG/VMSG content. The NaOH dialysis coefficient (UOH) values improved while values of separation factor (S) declined with the increase of GMSG/VMSG content. Finally, the effect of temperature was studied and it was found that increase in temperature from 25 to 45 °C resulted in increase of diffusion coefficient and decrease of separation factor for both GMSG/VMSG crossed-linked with PVA membranes.
Serjania marginata Casar. hydroalcoholic extract reduced cytokine and inflammatory parameters in experimental models of inflammation and infection in mice
Authors: Leitão Maicon Matos , Radai Joyce Alencar Santos , Macorini Luis Fernando Benitez , Fraga Thiago Leite , Vieira Silvia Cristina Heredia , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Kassuya Candida Aparecida Leite 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects of EESM in in vitro and in vivo models. EESM (0.98–1000 µg/ml) was evaluated in in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis. The EESM oral administration (p.o.) (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) and dexamethasone subcutaneous injection (s.c.) (1 mg/kg) were tested against the carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema and pleurisy in Swiss mice. The EESM (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) were tested against the CFA-induced paw inflammation and M. bovis (bacillus Calmette-Guerin - BCG)-induced pleurisy in C57bL6 mice. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EESM in the presence of M. tuberculosis was 62.4 µg/ml. The values of MIC of EESM in the presence S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae were 1000 µg/mL while EESM did not interfere with against P. aeruginosa growth. EESM significantly inhibited paw edema/mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan induced paw inflammation and leukocytes migration/proteins exudation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. In the BCG-induced pleurisy model, the daily treatment for 7 days, with EESM inhibited the levels of IL-1β in blood and in pleural exudate. The EESM did not alter the mycobacterial growth in the cell culture from pleural lavage, spleen and liver samples collected from BCG-treated animals. The EESM significantly inhibited the persistent edema and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CFA. This study confirms the EESM anti-inflammatory property and showed that EESM has high potency in inducing inhibition of mycobaterial growth and low potency or no effects in relation to other microorganisms.
Parasporin A13-2 of Bacillus thuringiensis isolate from Papaloapan region, induce a cytotoxic effect by late apoptosis against breast cancer cells
Authors: Borin Diego Becker , Castrejón-Arroyo Karen , Cruz-Nolasco Alain , Peña-Rico Miguel Angel , Rorato Michelle Sagrillo , Santos Roberto C.V. , Baco Lucas Silva de , Pérez-Picaso Lemuel , Camacho Luz , Navarro-Mtz Ana K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The protein A13-2 was obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from the Papaloapan watershed region (Oaxaca, Mexico). The cytotoxic activity of parasporal inclusions was studied against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and normal cell (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). The MTT, the formation of reactive species, nitric oxide, free cell DNA, and the type of death cellular were assessed. The protein A13-2 shows the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (13% at 6 µg/mL), the extracellular DNA increases, and it shows no stress for reactive species or nitric oxide. Besides, the A13-2 parasporin shows no toxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and it does not generate changes in nitric oxide levels or free cell DNA. According to microscopy and flow cytometry, A13-2 leads to the death of MCF-7 cell by late apoptosis. Due to that, the cytotoxic effect of A13-2 was specific for MCF-7, and it does not affect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (normal cells). When analyzed together, our results show for the first time that the A13-2 protein isolated from Mexican strains of B. thuringiensis has a high selectivity against the MCF- 7 cell line, thus representing a promising alternative for the treatment of cancer breast.
Novel Empirical Correlation Between the Optical Refractive Index and Energy Bandgap in Semiconductors: Comparative Study
Authors: Gomaa Hosam Mohamed , Yahia I.S. , Zahran H.Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work is an attempt to review some of the most famous and important studies to correlate the optical-linear refractive index of a substance to its energy band-gap.The refractive index of different types of materials, like semiconductors, insulators, oxides, thin-films, and oxide glasses, has been reported in a large number of publications in attempts to the estimation of how it can be correlated to the optical band-gap. The present work can be considered as a comparative study between the most successful relations in correlating the refractive index to the energy gap. The careful reviewing of the previous studies to correlate the optical refractive index and energy gap led to concluded that Reddy and Ahmmed approximation was selected to develop a new realized form that can give a good fit to the experimental data and, hence, be used directly as an accurate formula in the theoretical studies. The obtained formula correlates the optical refractive index to the energy gap and the oxygen atom's electronegativity. Such relation has been used to calculate the refractive indices for more than 96 materials (elements/compounds) with a high agreement with the experimental data.
Effects of large-scale atmospheric circulation on the Baltic Sea wave climate: application of EOF method on multi-mission satellite altimetry data
Authors: Najafzadeh Fatemeh , Kudryavtseva Nadezhda , Soomere Tarmo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wave heights in the Baltic Sea in 1992–2015 have predominantly increased in the sea's western parts. The linear trends in the winter wave heights exhibit a prominent meridional pattern. Using the technique of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) applied to the multi-mission satellite altimetry data, we link a large part of this increase in the wave heights with the climatic indices of the Scandinavian mode, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Arctic Oscillation. The winter trends show a statistically significant negative correlation (correlation coefficient –0.47±0.19) with the Scandinavian pattern and a positive correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation (0.31±0.22) and Arctic Oscillation (0.42±0.20). The meridional pattern is associated with more predominant north-westerly and westerly winds driven by the Scandinavian and North Atlantic Oscillation, respectively. All three climatic indices show a statistically significant time-variable correlation with Baltic Sea wave climate during the winter season. When the Scandinavian pattern's influence is strong, North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillations' effect is low and vice versa. The results are backed up by simulations using synthetic data that demonstrate that the percentage of variance retrieved using EOF analysis from the satellite-derived wave measurements is directly related to the percentage of noise in the data and the retrieved spatial patterns are insensitive to the level of noise.
Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted on Sequential Peracetic Acid and Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment to The Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
Authors: Putri Dwini Normayulisa , Perdani Meka Saima , Yohda Masafumi , Utami Tania Surya , Sahlan Muhamad , Hermansyah Heri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) that has been pretreated by modified pretreatment has been investigated in this study. The OPEFB used was pretreated by using sequential peracetic acid – alkaline peroxide solution. As the modification method, the assistance of pretreatment by ultrasound was conducted, in order to increase the enzyme accessibility. Therefore, it enhances the production of reducing sugar on the hydrolysis process. Prior to hydrolysis process, OPEFB was initially treated by using peracetic acid solution, comprise of CH3COOH (> 99%) and H2O2 (30% w/w), assisted by ultrasound for 3 hours at 35oC. Afterwards, OPEFB was treated by using alkaline peroxide solution, comprise of NaOH (40% w/w) and H2O2 (35% w/w), assisted by ultrasound for 10 hours at 35oC. OPEFB that has been pretreated was then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis process using cellulase enzyme, in order to convert cellulose content into reducing sugar. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50oC in a shaker incubator with 150 rpm for 48 hours. In this study, the effect of different enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time towards the sugar concentration in modified-pretreated OPEFB was observed and analyzed. Three different concentrations of enzyme were used, including 1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/L, and reducing sugar concentrations were analyzed at 30 and 45 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 30, and 48 hours. Based on results, enzyme concentration has a significant effect to the production of reducing sugar. The reducing sugar concentrations obtained at the end of the hydrolysis process were 8.48, 11.06, 19.16 g/L, at the enzyme concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/L, respectively. At any hydrolysis time, the highest sugar concentration has been achieved on the highest enzyme concentration of 5 g/L. Moreover, the effective hydrolysis time were achieved at 6 hours, at all concentration of enzyme, since the production of reducing sugar were insignificant after 6 hours. This study showed an increase in reducing sugar production by 8.25% in the hydrolysis process using OPEFB pretreated by modified pretreatment compared to the non-modified pretreatment.
Multifocal Intraocular Lens Exchange in Patients with Ocular Comorbidities: Indications and Outcomes
Authors: Armstrong Brian Kenny , Goldsmith Jason , John Terrence Lee St , Navon Samuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate all cases of multifocal intraocular lens (MFIOL) exchange, with specific focus on indications for exchange and evaluation of postoperative outcomes, in a tertiary care, multi-specialty ophthalmology practice.Setting/Venue: Academic Referral Center/Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi – Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesMethods: This retrospective case series identified all patients that presented to a large academic practice over a 4-year period that were intolerant to MFIOL technology and thus required intraocular lens (IOL) exchange. All patients reported poor vision despite correction of reversible ocular comorbidities, including dry eye and residual refractive error. Outcomes reviewed include subjective visual complaints, IOL-type, visual acuity, refractive error, ocular comorbidities, and surgical outcomes. Endpoints examined include mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), and residual refractive astigmatism. Results: Six eyes of five patients required MFIOL exchange. All IOL’s exchanged were trifocal IOL’s. IOL exchange occurred between 6 to 72 months following primary phacoemulsification. Each patient had multiple ocular comorbidities, ranging from keratoconjunctivitis sicca to longstanding intermediate uveitis and macular pathology. Postoperatively, subjective visual complaints resolved in all patients. Objective mean changes in UDVA, CDVA, MRSE and residual astigmatism were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Thorough preoperative evaluation is required prior to MFIOL placement in order to rule out ocular comorbidities that may impair visual quality. In patients with MFIOL intolerance due to irreversible ocular comorbidities, IOL exchange to a monofocal IOL is safe, effective, and results in subjective improvement in vision.
Development of PCR-Based Marker for Resistance to Fusarium wilt Race 2 in Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.)
Authors: seki kousuke , komatsu kenji , hiraga masahiro , tanaka keisuke , uno yuichi , matsumura hideo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Resistance to multiple races of Fusarium wilt is considered a critical trait for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars, as it is directly related to grower profitability in Japan. We analyzed F2 individuals obtained from a cross between ‘VI185’ (resistance to race 2) and ‘ShinanoGreen’ (susceptible to race 2), and applied a bioassay to the F3 population using the race 2 pathogen. ddRAD-seq analysis showed that a single semi-dominant locus on LG1 (qFOL1.2) controls resistance, and that the genotype of a RAD-marker designated as LG1_v8_117.181Mbp showed complete co-segregation with the resistance phenotype based on the F2 population. Fine mapping by PCR-based markers further revealed that qFOL1.2 were located in the position of 116.468-117.974Mbp. The 42 cultivars were evaluated for the genotypes and phenotypes using the PCR-based makers designed at this region. As a result of genotyping, all of the susceptible cultivars had the same genotype in this region, but the resistant cultivars had the diversity in the genotype. Notably, the genotype of the PCR-based marker designated as LG1_v8_116.506Mbp was consistent across the 25 resistant cultivars. Thus, we reasoned that LG1_v8_116.506Mbp was a broadly useful marker for selection of race 2-resistance. Our results provide additional breeding technique for resistance to race 2, and can accelerate pyramiding of resistance loci to multiple races of fusarium wilt.