bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Perspectives on the Integration of Sexual Health Promotion and Sexual Violence Prevention During Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Maas Megan K. , Waterman Emily A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Both sexual health promotion (i.e., prevention of adverse physical outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy and promotion of sexual experiences that are emotionally, mentally, relationally, and physically positive) and sexual violence prevention (i.e., prevent ion of sexual harassment consisting of unwanted sexual teasing, joking, or sexual requests and sexual assault that consists of any unwanted sexual contact) are important public health issues for emerging adults. This chapter discusses the opportunity for integrating sexual health promotion and sexual violence prevention for emerging adults. It discusses key topic areas for integration, including bystander intervention, sexual communication, consent education, gender transformative education, and media literacy. The chapter also discusses how preventionists can use existing infrastructure for sexual health promotion and sexual violence prevention to better integrate these initiatives. Integrating these efforts will help ensure that emerging adults think holistically about their sexual experiences as a fundamental part of their well-being throughout the life span.
Conceiving People
Authors: Groll Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Each year, tens of thousands of children are conceived with donated sperm or eggs, aka donated gametes. By some estimates, there are over 1 million donor-conceived people in the United States and, of course, many more the world over. Some know they are donor-conceived. Some don’t. Some know the identity of their donors. Others never will. Conceiving People: Identity, Genetics and Gamete Donation argues that people who plan to create a child with donated gametes should choose a donor whose identity will be made available to the resulting child. This is not because having genetic knowledge is fundamentally important. Rather, it is because donor-conceived people are likely to develop a significant interest in having genetic knowledge and parents must help satisfy their children’s significant interests. In other words: because a donor-conceived person is likely to care about having genetic knowledge, their parents should care too. Questions about what the donor-conceived should know about their genetic progenitors are hugely significant for literally millions of people, including donor-conceived people, their parents, and donors. But the practice of gamete donation also provides a vivid occasion for thinking about questions that matter to everyone. What value, if any, is there in knowing who your genetic progenitors are? To what extent are our identities bound up with knowing where we come from? What obligations do parents have to their children? And what makes someone a parent—the person responsible for lovingly raising a child—in the first place?
Keeping Secrets
Authors: Groll Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the author’s argument that parents of a donor-conceived child should disclose to their child that they are donor-conceived. It begins by presenting two standard arguments for this view: the Medical Disclosure view and the Harmful Secrets view. According to the first, parents should disclose to their child that she is donor-conceived because doing so may well be important for medical reasons. According to the second, parents should disclose to their child that she is donor-conceived because keeping the information secret will likely cause distress for the both the parents and the child. In the second part of the chapter, the author develops a novel argument for disclosure, namely that failure to do so violates the norms of intimacy that govern a healthy parent-child relationship.
The Bionormative Prejudice
Authors: Groll Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents, and responds to, an objection to the Significant Interest view which claims that people’s interest in acquiring genetic knowledge is not worthwhile because it is insidiously morally problematic. What makes it insidiously morally problematic, according to this objection, is that the interest in genetic knowledge both reflects and further entrenches bionormative prejudice, i.e. a form of prejudice which maintains that the ideal family is one where parents are genetically related to their children. The author responds by showing that even though bionormative prejudice is prevalent in society, it does not undermine the value of people’s interest in genetic knowledge.
The Donor’s Responsibilities
Authors: Groll Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the nature and extent of a gamete donor’s responsibility for their genetic offspring. The author argues that even if gamete donation is the kind of activity that triggers parental responsibility, gamete donors do not typically ever incur actual parental responsibility. Instead, they incur prospective parental responsibility, which is typically transferred to intended parents before the child comes into existence. The author argues that while prospective parental responsibility can be responsibly transferred, potential donors are generally obligated to be open donors so as not to implicate themselves in the morally problematic practice of conceiving children with anonymously donated gametes.
Policy and Practice
Authors: Groll Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the author argues that even though creating children with anonymously donated gametes is (usually) morally wrong, people should be legally allowed to do it. This is partly because the failure to use an open donor is on a par with other permissible parental failures. But it is also because legally prohibiting anonymous gamete donation without simultaneously working to disrupt the bionormative schema of society will have negative expressive effects. This last point leads to a longer answer to the question of whether anonymous gamete donation should be prohibited: if legal prohibition should be pursued, it should only happen in the context of combating the bionormativity of society so as to minimize the expressive effects of simply outlawing anonymous gamete donation.
Pornography Viewers
Authors: Rothman Emily F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is of interest to public health to determine the percentage of people who view pornography and to characterize the population of pornography viewers. This chapter presents estimates of lifetime and past-year pornography viewing for US populations, discusses whether pornography viewers consume pornography more frequently than in decades past, and presents estimates for pornography exposure for children and by demographic subgroups. The chapter concludes that pornography use is not rare and is not restricted to only males, young people, or the nonreligious. The chapter argues that the prevalence of pornography use alone is insufficient to qualify it as a public health crisis. If pornography use is both common and causes harm, that would be a compelling argument for addressing it as a public health concern.
Pornography Content
Authors: Rothman Emily F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There are now more than 90 categories of pornography on offer on mainstream Internet sites. This chapter argues that pornography is far from monolithic, which makes studying its impact complicated. Further, the chapter suggests that the sheer volume and variety of pornography are not inherently harmful to public health, although there is some potential that the variety of sexually explicit media available could be marketing strategy to lure or secure consumers. Four specific types of pornography—magna/anime, incest, barely legal, and kink/BDSM—are discussed. The chapter reviews findings from content analyses of porn, including so-called feminist pornography. The need for more research on race and racism in mainstream, Internet pornography is highlighted.
The Effects of Pornography on Youth
Authors: Rothman Emily F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Historically, moral panics have often centered the possible impact of media on youth. It is not easy to disentangle the effects of sexual media in general from the effects of sexually explicit media on youth. However, this chapter argues that the bulk of the evidence on the influence of mainstream online pornography on youth suggests that there is, on average, a negative effect and that there may be particular reasons for concern in the absence of comprehensive sex education. The chapter provides statistical information on the prevalence of pornography use by youth, the age of first exposure, and sexting, as well as evidence-based information about risk factors for, and consequences of, use. The chapter argues that public health professionals need to safeguard underage youth from the potential harms of pornography while pushing back on nonscientific claims about its effects and promoting a sex-positive perspective on sex simultaneously.
The Occupational Safety and Health of Pornography Performers
Authors: Rothman Emily F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the work-related hazards faced by pornography performers and other laborers in the adult entertainment industry workforce. The chapter reviews demographics and characteristics of pornography performers, what health-related and other challenges those in the industry face because of their work, which organized groups support their collective health and safety on the job, and what policies have been drafted that seek to address pornography performers’ health and safety. The chapter details health hazards, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), violence on set, stigma, the challenges of working as independent contractors, and lack of wage transparency in the industry. The chapter emphasizes that occupational safety and health hazards faced by performers are undoubtedly compounded when performers are Black, Latinx, transgender, or identify as belonging to another marginalized group. Public health advocates should focus on promoting the well-being of those who work in the pornography industry by establishing meaningful, long-term, trusting partnerships with those presently working in the industry.
Pornography Literacy
Authors: Rothman Emily F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Media literacy is the ability to think critically about how media messages shape culture, society, and behavior. Pornography literacy, then, involves teaching people to think critically about the messages about behavior that they receive from pornography and building their capacity to choose whether to internalize what is being imparted. Increasingly, there are calls to incorporate porn literacy into sex education curricula. This chapter explains the theory behind media literacy interventions, summarizes their success, defines porn literacy, and provides an in-depth introduction to one porn literacy intervention designed to reduce dating and sexual violence. The chapter describes parents’ reactions to the porn literacy intervention and outlines ongoing questions about porn literacy.
System-Level Information Resolution and Contractibility
Authors: Martell Christine R. , Moldogaziev Tima T. , Espinosa Salvador 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter tests the argument that information resolution is needed for subnational government capital markets by focusing on nationwide information resolution institutions and how they bear upon the activity and size of subnational government capital markets. It presents evidence how contractibility— information transparency, extent of disclosure, and regulatory quality—impact the size of subnational government debt. The analysis establishes that national capacity to resolve information problems in the credit system affect subnational borrowing, other fundamental institutions held constant. This analysis addresses the questions: What aspects of information resolution matter? How does information resolution affect the size of subnational government capital markets?
Two Tolstoys and a Lenin—Temperance and Prohibition in Russia
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Part I of the book—covering Europe’s continental empires—begins with Chapter 2 on the Russian Empire. The state’s overreliance on revenues from the imperial vodka monopoly is laid bare beginning with the temperance revolts of the 1850s, when the empire was almost bankrupted when peasants refused to drink. The understanding of temperance as opposition to imperial autocracy is traced through the antistatist teachings of Leo Tolstoy and early Bolsheviks, including the prohibitionists Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky. Despite official opposition to “subversive” temperance activism, at the outbreak of World War I in 1914 Tsar Nicholas II made Russia the first prohibitionist state, though the loss of state revenue paved the way for the revolutions of 1917. Lenin maintained a prohibition against the vodka trade, which was only undone after Lenin’s death by Joseph Stalin, who reintroduced the tsarist-era vodka monopoly in the interests of state finance.
The Dry Man of Europe—Ottoman Prohibition against British Domination
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines temperance and prohibition history within the Ottoman Empire and secular Turkey. Drinking and viticulture were widespread throughout the empire, though the trade was often in the hands of non-Muslims. The Ottoman liquor traffic even became integral to the European-run Ottoman Public Debt Administration. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was among the drunkest leaders in world history, yet Atatürk and the secular Turkish government in Ankara embraced prohibitionism as a means of denying badly needed alcohol revenues to the Christians occupying their lands—most notably the British controlling Istanbul and the Greeks around Smyrna. Turkish prohibition expanded across Anatolia, as Atatürk liberated Turkey’s occupied territories. Only in 1924, with the end of foreign occupation, was the Kemalist prohibition rescinded, and replaced with a national alcohol monopoly, in which the financial benefits of the liquor trade would accrue to the Turkish state, not to foreigners.
“All Great Reforms Go Together”—Temperance and Abolitionism
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with the starting point of conventional temperance narratives: Lyman Beecher’s Six Sermons on Intemperance (1826), and the American Temperance Society (ATS). Rather than being an admonishment against drinking, his sermons condemned the selling of drink, thus underscoring how the modern temperance movement always tilted against the profit motive of the liquor traffic rather than against booze itself. Understanding prohibitionism as a weapon of the weak, this chapter examines the overlooked role of black temperance at a time when abolitionism and temperance were virtually synonymous. In 1851 Maine rescinded all liquor-selling licenses, making it the first prohibition state: a move applauded by Frederick Douglass and black activists, who equated the bonds of addiction with the bonds of slavery. Even the great emancipator himself—the famously temperate Abraham Lincoln—was instrumental in passing Illinois’s “Maine Law” while a state legislator.
Prohibition against American Imperialism
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As temperance has largely been synonymous with anti-imperialism the world over, Chapter 15 examines it during America’s imperial era: specifically the Spanish-American War and the conquest of the Philippines. It begins by charting the relationship between Christian anarchist Leo Tolstoy and William Jennings Bryan, who became America’s most outspoken foe of both American imperialism and the exploitative liquor traffic. The anti-canteen movement arose in response to the increasing drunkenness and exploitation of American soldiers—as well as native Cuban and Filipino populations—by the liquor traffic backed by the US military. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the emerging Anti-Saloon League helped secure an anti-canteen law in 1901, effectively getting the US government to restrain its own predatory excesses. The chapter concludes with Bryan’s evangelical, social gospel progressivism, highlighting the shared community protection logic of prohibitionism and anti-imperialism.
Outside the Bubble
Authors: Vaccari Cristian , Valeriani Augusto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The ways in which citizens experience politics on social media have overall positive implications for political participation and equality in Western democracies. This book investigates the relationship between political experiences on social media and institutional political participation based on custom-built post-election surveys on samples representative of Internet users in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States between 2015 and 2018. On the whole, social media do not constitute echo chambers, as most users see a mixture of political content they agree and disagree with. Social media also facilitate accidental encounters with news and exposure to electoral mobilization among substantial numbers of users. Furthermore, political experiences on social media have relevant implications for participation. Seeing political messages that reinforce one’s viewpoints, accidentally encountering political news, and being targeted by electoral mobilization on social media are all positively associated with participation. Importantly, these political experiences enhance participation, especially among citizens who are less politically involved. Conversely, the participatory benefits of social media do not vary based on users’ ideological preferences and on whether they voted for populist parties. Finally, political institutions matter, as some political experiences on social media are more strongly associated with participation in majoritarian systems and in party-centric systems. While social media may be part of many societal problems, they can contribute to the solution to at least two important democratic ills—citizens’ disconnection from politics and inequalities between those who choose to exercise their voice and those who remain silent.
Sweep Me Off My Feet
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the British musical in the 1960s. It begins by considering how Lionel Bart's successful Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be (1960), Oliver! (1960), Blitz! (1962), and Maggie May (1964) form a cornerstone in the history of the British Musical. Indeed, Bart left his mark on the era, partly through a renewed interest in adapting classics and partly in a yen for experimentation. In fact, the first British concept musical came along just a year after Oliver! In the form of Monty Norman and Wolf Mankowitz's Belle; or, The Ballad of Dr. Crippen (1961). Belle was one of the quirkiest shows of its time, but then the concept musical is quirky by nature, as witnessed by Stop the World—I Want To Get off (1961). Most experimental of all during this period was Joan Littlewood's Oh What a Lovely War (1963). Despite all this experimentation, the comedy musical was still vital; the Whitehall Theatre added to its series of sex farces with a musical farce, Come Spy With Me (1966), a spoof of James Bond thrillers starring drag artist Danny La Rue.
With One Look I’ll Be May
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks in greater detail at the career of Andrew Lloyd Webber, who commands many styles, freely moving from one to another within a single score. The Phantom Of the Opera (1986) dabbles in pastiche of vintage opera forms, yet its title song is disco. Evita (1978) opens with a choral requiem, which is dissonantly modern, but then Che Guevarra turns around and addresses the audience in rock. The through-sung scores set soothing melody right next to jagged recitative. Ultimately, Lloyd Webber's music is a paradox, and this is one reason why he has detractors. After Jesus Christ Superstar (1971) and Evita, Lloyd Webber’s subsequent projects attracted intense interest. Many people regarded Cats (1982) as a folly. But Cats proved irresistible then and after, in part because it turned pop opera joyful after the hieratic ceremonies of its two founding titles. Superstar is not a comedy and Evita's “comedy” is actually bitter irony; but Cats is all for fun, tempered only by the occasional solemnity.
A Little Bit Naughty
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the British musical over the last thirty years. As pop operas continued to appear, Chess (1986), Tim Rice's collaboration with Benny Anderson and Björn Ulvaes (from the Swedish pop group ABBA), was considered a classy example, centered on a rivalry of chess champions. ABBA's catalogue in the jukebox show Mamma Mia! (1999) creates a line-up of point numbers fitted into an innocuous story. In comparison, Chess tells of globally dangerous affairs of state and is very precisely musicalized with just one incongruous number, “One Night In Bangkok,” which would seem to have been created solely to guarantee a big hit song. Claude-Michel Schönberg and Alain Boublil, understanding that the proper launching site for an international success was London or New York, gave the West End Miss Saigon (1989) and Martin Guerre (1996). With such serious musicals as Girl From the North Country (2017) and the pop-opera cycle commanding the scene, musical comedy as such started to become scarce, though Spamalot (Broadway 2005; West End 2006) showed the comedy musical is still capable of claiming smash hit status.
A Story of Us
Authors: Newson Lesley , Richerson Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It’s time for a new story of our origins. One reason is that there a great deal of new evidence about what humans are like and the conditions that shaped human evolution. Another is that the thinking on human evolution has shifted. Evolutionists recognize that humans are very different from other animals, and they have been working to explain the different evolutionary path that humans took. There are still many gaps in the story, but this book describes seven points in our ancestors’ tale and explains the evidence behind these descriptions. The story begins seven million years ago, with the life of our ape ancestors, which were also the ancestors of today’s chimpanzees and bonobos. The second point is three million years ago with an ape that walked upright and lived outside the forest. Then follows a description of the life of early humans who lived one and a half million years ago. At the fourth point, 100,000 years ago, humans lived in Africa who were physically very similar to modern humans. The fifth is 30,000 years ago, during the last ice age, when our ancestors had evolved more complex cultures. The sixth is the period of accelerating cultural evolution that began as the planet started to recover from this ice age. Finally, beginning in the 1700s, there is the transformational period we are in now, which we call “modern times.” The style of this book is unusual for a science book because it has narrative sections that illustrate the lives of our ancestors and the problems they faced.