bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Onion Extract, Topical Steroid, and Petrolatum Emollient in Cosmetic Appearance of Upper Blepharoplasty Scar
Authors: Owji Naser , Khalili Mohammad Reza , Khademi Behzad , Shirvani Mohammad , Sadati Maryam Sadat 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To compare the effectiveness of onion extract, topical steroid, and petrolatum emollient in the prevention of scars in cases who underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty.

Methods:
A prospective, interventional, comparative, double-blinded case series was designed on cases who underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. After suture removal (1 week following the surgery), the eyelids of participants were randomly allocated into the three groups: The first group used onion extract on the right eyelids (n = 18), and the second group used topical steroid on the right eyelids (n = 19). In the third group, the control group, petrolatum emollient was used on the left eyelids (n = 37) of the first and second group's cases. They used drugs for 2 months and were evaluated by the Manchester Scar Scale (MSS) objectively by two graders who were blinded to the type of medication. MSS evaluates five different characteristics of the scar in addition to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). These characteristics include color, distortion, contour, texture, and transparency. VAS scores the overall scar appearance which ranged among 0–10. The sum of the scores for the five different parameters, and VAS was calculated, analyzed, and compared among the groups.

Results:
A total of 37 cases (74 eyelids) who underwent bilateral upper blepharoplasty were included. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age was 51.94 ± 9.26 years, 49.40 ± 9.37 years, and 47.00 ± 9.06 years in the onion extract, topical steroid, and petrolatum emollient groups, respectively (P = 0.275). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean ± SD of the sum of the MSS scores among the three groups (P = 0.924) or between the onion extract and topical steroid groups (P = 0.951). Furthermore, the color, distortion, contour, texture, transparency, and VAS scores were not statistically significantly different among the three groups or between the onion extract and topical steroid groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
There were no significant differences among these three groups of drugs regarding the appearance of the upper blepharoplasty scar.
Potential Public Health Impact of the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa on Repeated Exposure to Biocides In vitro
Authors: Vaz Sherwyn , Lall Mahima 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a real threat having the potential of impacting public health immensely. Biocides may contribute to AMR as they are routinely used in household formulations, often in suboptimal concentrations. Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can adapt to biocides such as chlorhexidine and cetrimide (CHX + CET) on repeated exposure and develop cross-resistance to antibiotics.

Aim and Objective:
The aim was to test CHX + CET laboratory-adapted clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa for the development of cross-resistance to antipseudomonal antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:
Ten clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were included in the study. The initial antibiotic susceptibility pattern was noted before they were exposed to increasing concentrations of CHX + CET over several days. Briefly, 10 μl of bacterial suspension was inoculated into 10 ml of nutrient broth with the biocide and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. New series of tubes with increasing concentration of biocide were inoculated with growth from the previous tube every 48 h. Till, no further growth was obtained. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for antipseudomonal antibiotics by the disc diffusion as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by VITEK 2 bacterial identification system was performed and repeated before and after exposure to the biocide. The difference in the zone diameter and MIC was noted.

Results:
Significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mean of the zone size before and after exposure to CHX + CET was noted. Furthermore, there was an increase in MIC postexposure to the biocide.

Conclusions:

P. aeruginosa on exposure to biocides developed antibiotic resistance.
A Study of Brachial Plexus Sheath and Dye Spread Through the Sheath in Single- and Multi-Directional Injections in Cadaver
Authors: Chaudhury Subhramoy , Ghosh Anasuya 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The in-depth understanding of the anatomy of brachial plexus (BP) sheath is very important for the successful application of BP block. The flow dynamics of injectable anesthetic might vary depending on the site and mode of injection. The objectives of this study were to explore and document the detailed anatomy of BP sheath and to compare the dye spread by injections given in single direction and multi-directional approaches in formalin-fixed cadavers.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study based on findings on cadaver dissection and injecting dye in cadavers. Twenty-four sides of 12 well-embalmed cadavers were utilized for injecting dye solution into the intact brachial sheath by single-direction and multi-direction injection approaches at the axillary level. All the cadavers were dissected to compare the spread of dye in two approaches. In addition, one more cadaver was utilized for a detailed dissection of the infraclavicular part of BP sheath and its contents without injecting dye. Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
We observed BP sheath was a fibrous connective tissue sheath-containing multiple neurovascular structures, all of which had individual delicate connective tissue wrapping around them. More uniform dye spread was observed in multi-direction approaches and the musculocutaneous nerve was stained more frequently in multi-direction approach.

Conclusions:
The presence of delicate porous connective tissue wrapping gives a tunnel-like appearance of the infraclavicular part of BP sheath. Multi-directional injections resulted in dye staining of the larger area involving more structures than single-direction injections.
Study of Scalene Tubercle and Morphological Features of the First Rib with Clinical Implications
Authors: Keerthi S. , Prefulla P. R. , Bhuvaneswari B. J. , Mohanapriya E. 
Published: January 2021

Aim and Objectives:
The study aims to study the scalene tubercle and morphological features of the first rib with clinical importance.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and forty adult human dry first ribs of unknown sex were studied. The morphological features studied were scalene tubercle, vascular groove, oblique ridge, tubercle, and the head of the first rib. The obtained data were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Scalene tubercle was absent in 13.75%, rudimentary in 23.33%, and hypertrophied in 1.67%. Of 240 first ribs, 1.25% was found with the attached cervical rib. The vascular groove was absent in 11.25%. Oblique ridge was absent in 5.83%. The head and tubercle were observed to be rudimentary in 16.67% and 12.5%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The findings of the present study will be useful for anatomists, anesthetists, forensic surgeons, and general surgeons for the identification of the first rib and management of anomalies related to the first rib.
A Study on Morphological Features of Nutrient Foramen of the Tibia in Human Population of South Bihar Region
Authors: Prasad Shambhu , Sinha Sanjeev Kumar , Suman Swati , Hayat Syed M. B. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Tibia is weight-bearing long bone. Nutrient arteries are the prime source of blood supply for any long bone including tibia. A study of dimensions and location of nutrient foramen and direction of the nutrient artery canal can give an insight into the role that these arteries play in development and sustenance of bone. The objective of the study was to present the morphological features of nutrient foramen of the tibia in South Bihar region.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty tibias (30 of each side) were used for the study. Morphometric analysis of bones was done to find out number, position, and direction of nutrient foramen. We did a comparative study of our findings with observation of previous workers.

Results:
All bones had nutrient foramen. Five percent had double while 95% bones had single foramen. Nutrient canal was directed downward in all bones except one. In 84.13% of bones, nutrient foramen was on the posterior surface; foramen was lateral to the soleal line in 81.13% of these bones. 80.95% of the foramens were situated in the superior third of the tibial shaft.

Conclusion:
Knowledge about possible variations in number, position, and direction of nutrient canal can be of use for preservation of nutrient vessels during surgical procedures as well as in prognostic evaluation of the treatment given.
Effectiveness of Solid Waste Management Programs in Kenya: A Case of Kilifi County
Authors: Kazungu Charo Kenneth , Kisimbii Dr. Johnbosco M 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The study was therefore done to evaluate the Efficiency of Solid Waste Management Programs in Kenya- specifically Kilifi County, being guided by four specific objectives; How Public-Private Partnership(X1), Community Participation (X2), Budget Allocation (X3) and Government Policy (X4) Influence Effective SWM Programs in Kilifi county.Methodology: Descriptive design with the target population of 1,453,787drawn from Kilifi County where multistage and random sampling techniques gave sample size of 72 subjects. Data was captured using questionnaires. Data analysis was through descriptive statistics and chi square to ascertain effect of the variables using SPSS.Findings: Findings were that all the four variables of the study indeed have effect to SWM programs in Kenya. X1 Hypothesis test results revealed that the calculated χ2(223.4 = P< .001). While X2 indicated that, the Cχ2 =268.5 = P-value in the asymptotic significance column was 0.00001. X3 revealed Cχ2 =216.9 where P-value was .00001. And X4 established χ2C=201.88 with P Value and P-value was 0.0001. The study rejected all the HO and accepted H1 which established there was relationship between all the study variables and waste management programs. Illustration of R=0.532 represents the simple correlation; therefore, a moderate positive linear relationship among independent variables and effective SWM programs in Kenya existed. R2=0.283 which indicated the total difference the dependent variable is clarified by the independent variables. In this case, the four independent variables explained 28.3% of the variability in effective SWM programs in Kenya and 72.7% variation in sustainable implementation being described by external issues not discussed in this research project. Regression analysis was done model equation; Effective SWM Programs (Y) =3.197+ 0.188 Public-Private Partnership (X1) + 0.213 (Community Participation (X2) + 0.177 (Budget Allocation (X3) + 0.080(Government Policies (X4). The model described that all the elements had a positive influence on the effective SWM programs. This regression equation proved that when all other elements are held constant (no determinants or elements) effective SWM programs would be 3.197. The study concluded, public-private partnership and availability and proper management of budget allocation as key determinants of effectiveness of the SWM programs.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: It also uncovered that community participation greatly weighs in on the performance of SWM programs thus improved greatly efficiency and effectiveness of the programs. Lastly, proper government policies must be imposed to ensure legal policy and regulatory frameworks to ensure proper governance of SWM programs and sustainability. Future research required in all Counties across the Country. This will bring relevant information that could be useful for policy framework that focuses on to promoting effectiveness of the SWM in Kenya.
EKSEKUSI HAK TANGGUNGAN SEBAGAI JAMINAN KREDIT DALAM RANGKA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KREDITUR
Authors: Kattya Nusantari Putri  
Published: January 2021

Credit Agreement between the creditor and the debtor that is carried out with a guarantee of mortgage sometimes creates problems when there is a default, where the creditor has difficulty executing the object of the Mortgage.This study aims to determine the mortgage execution mechanism as a form of legal protection for creditors and obstacles in carrying out the execution of Mortgage Rights. This study use a normative method with a statutory regulatory approach. The results show that the execution of Mortgage Rights can be carried out in three ways, namely underhand sales, selling through public tenders, and execution by the District Court. The obstacles faced can be in the form of juridical obstacles and non-juridical obstacles.
EKSISTENSI MAHKAMAH KEHORMATAN DEWAN PASCA BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG MAJELIS PERMUSYAWARATAN RAKYAT, DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT, DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH, DAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH
Authors: Wahyu  
Published: January 2021

The Court of Council Honorific is one of complementary council organ which has a purpose in establishing a code of conduct. This study aims to know and analyze the existence of Court of Council Honorific. The study uses a normative method. The result of the study shows based on Act 17 in 2014, and than Act 2 in 2018 explain that the Court of Council Honorific has constancy which membership belongs to the inside parliament. In the violation of a certain code of ethics, it allow for elements from outside of the Court of Council Honorific. That is to dismiss that notion the Court of Council Honorific is not independent to handle the council members who suspected of breaking the code of conduct.
Filosofía de la medicina complementaria
Authors: Alba Leonel Adela 
Published: January 2021

Ver la atención de la salud como una visión sistémica nos permite integrar los diferentes tipos de tratamientos que nos ayudaran a tomar en cuenta las relaciones entre los diferentes sectores del sistema de atención en salud, lo que nos permitirá ver al ser humano como un sistema y no verlo como hasta hoy, como parte de sistemas a los que pertenecen y con los que está en continua relación.

Los profesionales de la salud deben tener una mayor visión de la diversidad de tratamientos donde se incluyan las terapias complementarias como parte de la atención en salud.

La medicina complementaria incluye diversas orientaciones filosóficas y muchas de estas tienen un amplio fundamento científico y cultural. Sin embargo, gran parte de la base epistemológica de su aplicación aun no es conocida del todo, así como tampoco es tomada en cuenta desde el punto de vista de la práctica médica.

Hoy en día, nos encontramos en medio de una crisis severa y decisiva. Por un lado, la admiración pública por los adelantos científicos y tecnológicos de la medicina. Sin embargo, también hay un descontento público con los que practican la medicina a nivel interpersonal, lo cual ha incrementado la demanda de la medicina complementaria.
GIÁO DỤC PHÒNG TRÁNH VÀ ỨNG PHÓ VỚI LŨ QUÉT, SẠT LỞ ĐẤT CHO HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG MIỀN NÚI BẮC BỘ – GIẢI PHÁP VÀ KINH NGHIỆM
Authors: Đỗ Vũ Sơn 
Published: January 2021

Lũ quét, sạt lở đất ở miền núi Bắc bộ gây hậu quả ngày càng nghiêm trọng và khó lường. Việc nghiên cứu biện pháp hợp lý để giáo dục về phòng tránh và ứng phó với lũ quét, sạt lở đất cho học sinh miền núi là vô cùng cần thiết và cấp bách.
Tác giả đã sử dụng các phương pháp: tổng hợp và phân tích tài liệu, điều tra khảo sát thực tế, phương pháp chuyên gia, phương pháp dạy học kết hợp nhằm nghiên cứu khả năng và triển khai việc giáo dục ý thức bảo vệ môi trường, kỹ năng tự bảo vệ trước thảm họa thiên nhiên cho học sinh Trung học phổ thông miền núi, thông qua đó tuyên truyền sâu rộng ý thức, trách nhiệm bảo vệ môi trường tới xã hội. Những vấn đề rút ra từ quá trình nghiên cứu là kinh nghiệm quý báu cho việc tổ chức giáo dục cho học sinh ở các khu vực khác.
One-year infection control rates of a DAIR (debridement, antibiotics and implant retention) procedure after primary and prosthetic-joint-infection-related revision arthroplasty – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nurmohamed F. Ruben H. A. , van Dijk Bruce , Veltman Ewout S. , Hoekstra Marrit , Rentenaar Rob J. , Weinans Harrie H. , Vogely H. Charles , van der Wal Bart C. H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Introduction: Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR)
procedures are effective treatments for acute postoperative or acute
hematogenous periprosthetic joint infections. However, literature reporting
on the effectiveness of DAIR procedures performed after a one- or two-stage
revision because of a prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (PJI-related revision arthroplasty) is scarce. The
aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the infection control after
1 year of a DAIR procedure in the case of an early postoperative infection
either after primary arthroplasty or after PJI-related revision
arthroplasty.
Materials and methods: All patients treated with a DAIR procedure within 3
months after onset of PJI between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively
included. Data were collected on patient and infection characteristics. All
infections were confirmed by applying the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) 2014 criteria. The primary
outcome was successful control of infection at 1 year after a DAIR
procedure, which was defined as the absence of clinical signs, such as pain,
swelling, and erythema; radiological signs, such as protheses loosening; or
laboratory signs, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) (<10) with no use of antibiotic therapy.
Results: Sixty-seven patients were treated with a DAIR procedure (41 hips and 26
knees). Successful infection control rates of a DAIR procedure after primary
arthroplasty (n=51) and after prior PJI-related revision arthroplasty
(n=16) were 69 % and 56 %, respectively (p=0.38). The successful infection control rates of a DAIR procedure after an early acute infection
(n=35) and after a hematogenous infection (n=16) following primary
arthroplasty were both 69 % (p=1.00).
Conclusion: In this limited study population, no statistically significant
difference is found in infection control after 1 year between DAIR
procedures after primary arthroplasty and PJI-related revision arthroplasty.
A systems-based approach to parameterise seismic hazard in regions with little historical or instrumental seismicity: active fault and seismogenic source databases for southern Malawi
Authors: Williams Jack N. , Mdala Hassan , Fagereng Åke , Wedmore Luke N. J. , Biggs Juliet , Dulanya Zuze , Chindandali Patrick , Mphepo Felix 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Seismic hazard is commonly characterised using instrumental seismic records.
However, these records are short relative to earthquake repeat times, and
extrapolating to estimate seismic hazard can misrepresent the probable
location, magnitude, and frequency of future large earthquakes. Although
paleoseismology can address this challenge, this approach requires certain
geomorphic setting, is resource intensive, and can carry large inherent
uncertainties. Here, we outline how fault slip rates and recurrence
intervals can be estimated by combining fault geometry, earthquake-scaling
relationships, geodetically derived regional strain rates, and geological
constraints of regional strain distribution. We apply this approach to
southern Malawi, near the southern end of the East African Rift, and where,
although no on-fault slip rate measurements exist, there are constraints on
strain partitioning between border and intra-basin faults. This has led to
the development of the South Malawi Active Fault Database (SMAFD), a
geographical database of 23 active fault traces, and the South Malawi
Seismogenic Source Database (SMSSD), in which we apply our systems-based
approach to estimate earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals for the
faults compiled in the SMAFD. We estimate earthquake magnitudes of MW 5.4–7.2 for individual fault sections in the SMSSD and MW 5.6–7.8 for
whole-fault ruptures. However, low fault slip rates (intermediate estimates
∼ 0.05–0.8 mm/yr) imply long recurrence intervals between
events: 102–105 years for border faults and 103–106 years for intra-basin faults. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the large
range of these estimates can best be reduced with improved geodetic
constraints in southern Malawi. The SMAFD and SMSSD provide a framework for
using geological and geodetic information to characterise seismic hazard in
regions with few on-fault slip rate measurements, and they could be adapted for
use elsewhere in the East African Rift and globally.
The Aphoristic Way: Lev Tolstoy’s Translations of the Dao de Jing
Authors: Chu Jinyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article examines Lev Tolstoy’s translations of Laozi’s Dao De Jing, the ancient Chinese Daoist canon, from English, French, and German into Russian, and depicted a canonical Russian writer’s participation in an evolving global intellectual network of translating Chinese classics for the first time in full. I argue that Tolstoy constructed Laozi as a cosmopolitan philosophical ancestor for Russia and Europe and an ideological ally in the polemical rethinking of Christianity and the future of Western civilization. I begin with Tolstoy’s first encounter with the Dao De Jing during his spiritual crisis in the 1870s and 1880s and his invocation of Laozi to intervene in the debate on modernization between Emile Zola and Alexandre Dumas. I then explain Tolstoy’s understanding of the kinship of Dao, Logos, and God against the background of his polemics with the Russian Orthodox Church. I conclude by examining how Tolstoy used the Dao De Jing to exhort coeval Chinese intellectual Gu Hongming to accept the nonviolent resistance to imperialism. Tolstoy’s struggle with translating the Dao De Jing exemplifies an intellectual dilemma: in the attempt to show that Christian doctrine held no monopoly for universal truth, Tolstoy obliterated the specificity of Laozi’s cultural context.
TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE (TPM) NEW TRENDS, ALONG ENERGY FIT PLANT MAINTENANCE PROTOCOLS (2010-2020)
Authors: Argueta Moreno Jesús David 
Published: January 2021

The main goal of this descriptive study is to examine the contemporary High-Performance Manufacturing (HPM) Energy Fit Trends that are triggered by the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) practices, manifest along the different manufacturing scenarios. The data presented on this study, was gathered from various sources, mainly from the Industrial Maintenance & Plant Operation anual report, as well as from the US Energy Informatión Administratión (EIA).
This analysis explores several theoretical and managerial implications of the TPM practices and their direct articulation with Energy Fit Plant Maintenance Protocols.