bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phylogeographic Contact Zone for Arctic Grayling in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Reilly Jessica R. , Miller Joshua M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcticus are a salmonid with a Holarctic distribution, extending from northeastern Eurasia through northwestern North America. Throughout their range, Arctic Grayling face a number of threats, including angling mortality, habitat fragmentation and loss, and climate change. Thus, there is a need to protect the species through targeted management actions. Genetic information can assist in determining the appropriate scale for these actions through the description of designatable units. Here we use newly collected mitochondrial DNA sequence data to assess the phylogeographic structure of Arctic Grayling in Alberta, Canada, and link these with previously collected mitochondrial and microsatellite data to determine how many designatable units may exist across Canada. Our assessment of 831 base pairs of sequence data in 96 individuals found two deeply divergent lineages in Alberta. When combined with 22 previously collected sequences, our results highlight that Alberta is a contact zone for the observed lineages of Arctic Grayling in North America. A reassessment of nine microsatellites that were genotyped in 1,116 individuals further highlighted interbasin divergence, likely the result of historical processes. Given the divergence and geographic distribution of the genetic diversity, Arctic Grayling in Canada merit consideration for separate designatable units in future species status assessments and management plans. Continuing research should attempt to expand sampling geographically (e.g., regions east of Great Slave Lake and along the Arctic coastline) to clarify possible colonization routes and add to or synthesize the work on Arctic Grayling behavior, morphology, and life history to address the limited understanding of local adaptions within this species.
SCS: A one‐dimensional piecewise‐linear large strain consolidation model for structured soils
Authors: Shi Ji Sen , Ling Dao Sheng , Niu Jia Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil structure is an important mechanics property which has drawn much attention from researchers. A piecewise‐linear numerical model, called SCS, is developed to investigate the large strain consolidation of structured soils. SCS accommodates large strain, soil self‐weight, vertical flows, time‐dependent loading, unloading/reloading, seepage force, soil heterogeneity, and soil structure. A three‐stage formulation is proposed to specify the compressibility behaviors of structured soils in SCS. The accuracy of SCS in the cases of small strain and large strain is checked comparing with analytical solutions and numerical solutions respectively. The effect of the main factors impacting soil structure on the consolidation processes of structured soils is investigated using several SCS simulations. Finally, a few SCS simulations with multiple structured soil layers are conducted.
Associations of midchildhood to early adolescence central adiposity gain with cardiometabolic health in early adolescence
Authors: Wu Allison J. , Aris Izzuddin M. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Oken Emily , Taveras Elsie M. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Hivert Marie‐France 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the associations of central adiposity gain from midchildhood to early adolescence with cardiometabolic health markers in early adolescence.MethodsA total of 620 participants were studied in Project Viva. In midchildhood (mean age = 7.8 years) and early adolescence (12.9 years), waist circumference and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐measured visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, and trunk fat were obtained. Central adiposity gain was calculated as change per year between visits. Cardiometabolic health markers, including blood pressure, lipids, markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and adipokines, were collected in early adolescence.ResultsGreater waist circumference gain was associated with higher log triglycerides (β 0.07 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.13), log alanine aminotransferase (0.07 U/L; 95% CI: 0.03‐0.12), log high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (0.43 mg/L; 95% CI: 0.28‐0.58), and other cardiometabolic markers in early adolescence. Directly measured central adiposity gains were associated with higher systolic blood pressure z score in early adolescence (visceral adipose tissue [0.13 SD units; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.23], subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue [0.18 SD units; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.31], and trunk fat [0.21 SD units; 95% CI: 0.06‐0.36]). These associations were independent of baseline and change in total adiposity from midchildhood to early adolescence.ConclusionsMonitoring central adiposity gain may enable identification and intervention in children vulnerable to developing cardiometabolic health risks.
Robust finite frequency static output feedback control for uncertain fuzzy systems via a sum‐of‐squares approach
Authors: Er‐Rachid Ismail , Chaibi Redouane , Tissir El Houssaine , Hmamed Abdelaziz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article deals with the problem of robust static output feedback control in finite frequency (FF) domain for polynomial Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems. By using generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma and polynomial Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions are proposed for controllers design in terms of sum of squares. These conditions include neither transformation matrices nor equality constraints, which simplifies the numerical solution. The proposed method is designed in the FF domain to reduce the conservativeness generated by those designed in the full frequency domain. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of treatment with varenicline for nicotine dependence compared with smoking cessation without pharmacotherapy in the real world
Authors: Fujita Takako , Babazono Akira , Jiang Peng , Jamal Aziz , Li Yunfei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeSmoking is an important public health issue. Although measures to support smoking cessation have been implemented worldwide, smokers often fail to quit smoking after receiving pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence. The present study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation compared with no pharmacotherapy using actual paid medical cost data in Japan.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 3657 subjects who had quit smoking with varenicline or no pharmacotherapy. We extracted health examination and medical claim data from a health insurer database for the period 2012–2015. We calculated the incremental cost‐effective ratio (ICER) of varenicline using actual paid medical costs for nicotine dependence and the number needed to treat to maintain smoking cessation compared with no pharmacotherapy, considering sex, age, income, and occupation.ResultsThe 1‐ and 2‐year smoking cessation maintenance rates were 69.7% and 62.4%, respectively. We found that 8.8% of subjects who quit smoking used varenicline for nicotine dependence and the cost per person was Japanese Yen (JPY) 52 177 (U.S. dollars [USD] 474; USD 1 = JPY 110). The ICER of varenicline was dominant when comparing 2‐year cessation with 1‐year cessation. Male, age <40 years, low income, and manufacturing workers were the most cost‐effective variables.ConclusionsThe cost‐effective variables of varenicline in the real world were investigated. The results of this study strengthen the evidence regarding which type of people should be targeted for measures to support smoking cessation using varenicline.
Microstructured antireflective encapsulant on concentrator solar cells
Authors: Forcade Gavin P. , Ritou Arnaud , St‐Pierre Philippe , Dellea Olivier , Volatier Maïté , Jaouad Abdelatif , Valdivia Christopher E. , Hinzer Karin , Darnon Maxime 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrostructured antireflective coatings (ARCs) can reduce reflection losses over a wide range of incidence angles when applied to the surface of a high‐efficiency III‐V photovoltaic cell in a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system. In this article, we present a microstructured ARC consisting of a monolayer of close‐packed silica microbeads partially submerged within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cell encapsulant for use within a reference 500× CPV submodule. Comparing a commercialized SiOx encapsulant to this microstructured coating with 25% submerged 1,000 nm‐diameter beads, angle‐dependent external quantum efficiency measurements yield a 2.6% current gain for the microstructured coating. Simulations demonstrate good agreement with measurements, predicting a 2.4% current gain for the same configuration. Extrapolating with our validated model, we estimate a maximum and achievable (within a large manufacturing tolerance) current gain of 3.4% and 2.9 ± 0.4% using 60% submerged and 10%–32% submerged 760 nm‐diameter beads, respectively.
Thermomechanical enhancement of DPP‐4T through purposeful π‐conjugation disruption
Authors: Callaway Connor P. , Bombile Joel H. , Mask Walker , Ryno Sean M. , Risko Chad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe design of polymer‐based organic semiconductors that offer mechanical deformability while maintaining efficient semiconducting characteristics remains a significant challenge. Recent synthetic efforts have incorporated small alkyl segments directly into otherwise π‐conjugated polymer backbones to enhance processability, mechanical deformability, and other properties. The resulting polymers can be used as stand‐alone materials or as matrix polymers in complementary semiconducting polymer blends offering reasonable charge‐carrier transport properties, thermal healing, and deformability. Here, a family of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐tetrathiophene variants is explored via large‐scale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to examine the effect of alkyl segments incorporated into the polymer backbone on the polymer structure, dynamics, and thermal properties. Longer alkyl segments lead to polymer chains that are more flexible, compact, and mobile, with lower glass transition temperatures for the condensed phase.
Predicting survival after radical prostatectomy: Variation of machine learning performance by race
Authors: Nayan Madhur , Salari Keyan , Bozzo Anthony , Ganglberger Wolfgang , Carvalho Filipe , Feldman Adam S. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRobust prediction of survival can facilitate clinical decision‐making and patient counselling. Non‐Caucasian males are underrepresented in most prostate cancer databases. We evaluated the variation in performance of a machine learning (ML) algorithm trained to predict survival after radical prostatectomy in race subgroups.MethodsWe used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to identify patients undergoing radical prostatectomy between 2004 and 2016. We grouped patients by race into Caucasian, African‐American, or non‐Caucasian, non‐African‐American (NCNAA) subgroups. We trained an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier to predict 5‐year survival in different training samples: naturally race‐imbalanced, race‐specific, and synthetically race‐balanced. We evaluated performance in the test sets.ResultsA total of 68,630 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 57,635 (84%) were Caucasian, 8173 (12%) were African‐American, and 2822 (4%) were NCNAA. For the classifier trained in the naturally race‐imbalanced sample, the F1 scores were 0.514 (95% confidence interval: 0.513–0.511), 0.511 (0.511–0.512), 0.545 (0.541–0.548), and 0.378 (0.378–0.389) in the race‐imbalanced, Caucasian, African‐American, and NCNAA test samples, respectively. For all race subgroups, the F1 scores of classifiers trained in the race‐specific or synthetically race‐balanced samples demonstrated similar performance compared to training in the naturally race‐imbalanced sample.ConclusionsA ML algorithm trained using NCDB data to predict survival after radical prostatectomy demonstrates variation in performance by race, regardless of whether the algorithm is trained in a naturally race‐imbalanced, race‐specific, or synthetically race‐balanced sample. These results emphasize the importance of thoroughly evaluating ML algorithms in race subgroups before clinical deployment to avoid potential disparities in care.
Robotic‐arm assisted versus manual total hip arthroplasty: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of radiographic accuracy
Authors: Emara Ahmed K. , Samuel Linsen T. , Acuña Alexander J. , Kuo Andy , Khlopas Anton , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe systematically reviewed the radiological outcomes of studies comparing robotic‐assisted (RA‐THA) and manual total hip arthroplasty (mTHA).MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried from 1994‐2021 for articles comparing radiographic outcomes between RA‐THA and mTHA cohorts. A meta‐analysis was conducted whenever sufficient data was present for common outcomes.ResultsOur analysis included 20 articles reporting on 4140 patients (RA‐THA: n = 1228; mTHA: n = 2912). No differences were demonstrated for acetabular inclination or anteversion. However, RA‐THA demonstrated higher rates of cup orientation within the Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones, improved femoral stem alignment, and lower global offset difference (GOD) and limb length discrepancy (all p‐values <0.05). Superior femoral canal fill and combined offset were seen among RA‐THA patients.ConclusionOur review found that the use of RA‐THA yields superior radiographic outcomes compared to mTHA counterparts. This information can inform healthcare systems considering investing in and implementing these technologies.
Immunizing Aqueous Zn Batteries against Dendrite Formation and Side Reactions at Various Temperatures via Electrolyte Additives
Authors: Feng Doudou , Cao Faqing , Hou Lei , Li Tianyu , Jiao Yucong , Wu Peiyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries own great potential on next generation wearable batteries due to the high safety and low cost. However, the uncontrollable dendrites growth and the negligible subzero temperature performance impede the batteries practical applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an effective additive in ZnSO4 electrolyte for side reactions and dendrites suppression by regulating the Zn‐ion solvation structure and inducing the Zn2+ to form the more electrochemical stable (002) basal plane, via the higher absorption energy of DMSO with Zn2+ and (002) plane. Moreover, the stable reconstructed hydrogen bonds between DMSO and H2O dramatically lower the freezing point of the electrolyte, which significantly increases the ionic conductivity and cycling performance of the aqueous batteries at subzero temperatures. As a consequence, the symmetrical Zn/Zn cell can be kept stable for more than 2100 h at 20 °C and 1200 h at −20 °C without dendrite and by‐products formation. The Zn/MnO2 batteries can perform steadily for more than 3000 cycles at 20 °C and 300 cycles at −20 °C. This work provides a facile and feasible strategy on designing high performance and dendrite free aqueous Zn‐ion batteries for various temperatures.
Sharing common roots: Student‐graduate committee matching and job market outcomes
Authors: Ge Qi , Wu Stephen , Zhou Chenyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of student‐graduate committee matching, in the form of country of origin and native language, on students' initial placement outcomes in the economics PhD job market. We utilize manually collected data on the identities and research profiles of both the candidates and their graduate committee members to identify the student‐committee pairs with relevant matches. Our findings suggest that for international students, having at least one committee member from the same country of origin or at least one that speaks the same native language increases the chances of being placed into a tenure track academic job and being at an institution with higher research productivity, as measured by the research rankings in the Research Papers in Economics database. A closer examination of the results shows that these effects are primarily driven by matches from Chinese speaking students with their corresponding committee members.
Low‐cost alternatives for the management of Guillain‐Barré syndrome in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Nepal Gaurav , Shrestha Gentle S. , Shing Yow K. , Yadav Jayant K. , Coghlan Megan A. , Ojha Rajeev 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. It can cause rapidly progressing ascending paralysis leading to respiratory failure. There is no definite treatment for GBS, but early administration of intravenous immunoglobulin or therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates motor recovery and decreases time on the ventilator support and are considered the standard of care in GBS. However, these treatments are often unaffordable for many patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries, with limited availability and specialized expertise required in prescription. Cheaper alternatives such as modified therapeutic plasma exchange, exchange blood transfusion, rituximab, and pulse steroid therapy have been practiced in different parts of the world and have been shown to be effective, albeit with limited evidence. These cost‐effective therapies warrant further research and should be strongly considered by relevant health authorities and policymakers as a potential primary treatment for GBS in resource‐limited settings.
Fractional derivative Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson heat equation without singular kernel for a thermoelastic medium with a cylindrical hole and variable properties
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new mathematical model for thermoelasticity with a fractional derivative of the classical Fourier law of thermal conductivity is derived. In the sense of the fractional Caputo‐Fabrizio (CF) derivative, the modified heat transfer equation of the proposed model is presented by incorporating the Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson (MGT) equation. The modified fractional thermal conduction model does not include a single kernel, unlike the Caputo derivative, linking the Green‐Naghdi Type III model to the Lord and Shulman model. As an application of this model, the interactions of thermoelastic waves in an infinite orthodontic medium with a cylindrical hole were studied. Also in this investigation, it was taken into account that the thermal conductivity is variable and depends on the change of temperature, in contrast many problems that that often consider this parameter to be constant. Numerical calculations are performed for different values of the fractional order of CF derivatives and the change in thermal conductivity. The numerical results were also presented in tables to compare with the results of previous models to verify the accuracy of the results obtained.
Cube Design Museum—Empathic Co-design for Societal Impact
Authors: Köppchen Anja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCube design museum addresses current and future challenges within the broader context of an ageing and shrinking society, to improve the quality of life of people of all ages. The chapter presents the development of a tool, to stimulate and facilitate new, participatory ways of policymaking, to drive citizen engagement and bottom-up social innovation: the Co-Design Canvas. It has been co-designed and tested within the context of the village of Ransdaal in the Netherlands.
A Framework for Experimenting Co-creation in Real-Life Contexts
Authors: Real Marion , Schmittinger Felicitas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe chapter describes the methodology applied throughout the experimentation, the application of co-design, the tools used and their role briefly illustrating the single cases. The underlying assumption is that design methodologies and tools are more suitable to support co-creation for the inclusion of society in science and innovation since their aim is to implement co-creation processes from the ideation of new products, services and processes to their real implementation. What differentiates design from other co-creation methodologies is the role of prototypes and their experimentation in real contexts.
Framing Real-Life Experimentations as Case Studies
Authors: Crabu Stefano , Mariani Ilaria , Schmittinger Felicitas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe chapter describes the case studies methodology on the ground of the volume: their use and comparison are investigated from a theoretical point of view. This chapter has a twofold aim: (i) contextualise case studies and the experimentation/prototyping conducted by the pilots, then (ii) to provide a compass for going through the next chapters in which it is detailed the experience of each pilot as a case study. This reasoning is a premise for understanding and situating the relevant points emerged in the larger picture of the RRI framework.
A First Step Towards Automated Species Recognition from Camera Trap Images of Mammals Using AI in a European Temperate Forest
Authors: Choiński Mateusz , Rogowski Mateusz , Tynecki Piotr , Kuijper Dries P. J. , Churski Marcin , Bubnicki Jakub W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCamera traps are used worldwide to monitor wildlife. Despite the increasing availability of Deep Learning (DL) models, the effective usage of this technology to support wildlife monitoring is limited. This is mainly due to the complexity of DL technology and high computing requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the light-weight and state-of-the-art YOLOv5 architecture for automated labeling of camera trap images of mammals in the Białowieża Forest (BF), Poland. The camera trapping data were organized and harmonized using TRAPPER software, an open-source application for managing large-scale wildlife monitoring projects. The proposed image recognition pipeline achieved an average accuracy of 85% F1-score in the identification of the 12 most commonly occurring medium-size and large mammal species in BF, using a limited set of training and testing data (a total of 2659 images with animals).Based on the preliminary results, we have concluded that the YOLOv5 object detection and classification model is a fine and promising DL solution after the adoption of the transfer learning technique. It can be efficiently plugged in via an API into existing web-based camera trapping data processing platforms such as e.g. TRAPPER system. Since TRAPPER is already used to manage and classify (manually) camera trapping datasets by many research groups in Europe, the implementation of AI-based automated species classification will significantly speed up the data processing workflow and thus better support data-driven wildlife monitoring and conservation. Moreover, YOLOv5 has been proven to perform well on edge devices, which may open a new chapter in animal population monitoring in real-time directly from camera trap devices.
Einleitung
Authors: Toepfer Regina , Burschel Peter , Wesche Jörg 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Einleitung stellt den praxeologischen Ansatz des SPP 2130 ‚Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit‘ vor. Übersetzen gilt als zentrale und ubiquitäre Kulturtechnik der Frühen Neuzeit, durch die sich diese Epoche maßgeblich konstituiert. Das SPP 2130 setzt bei aktuellen translationswissenschaftlichen Theorien an, historisiert diese und überträgt sie auf frühneuzeitliche Translationsphänomene. Durch die Kombination philologischer, anthropologischer und gesellschaftlicher Translationskonzepte wird eine Übersetzungsdefinition entwickelt, die interdisziplinär anschlussfähig ist und sowohl für die Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften als auch für die Bild-, Musik- und Geschichtswissenschaften eine tragfähige Basis bietet. Der gestufte Übersetzungsbegriff ermöglicht es, ganz unterschiedliche Methoden und Praktiken einzubeziehen und inter- und intralinguale Übersetzungen ebenso zu berücksichtigen wie intermediale, interkulturelle und performative Übertragungsprozesse.