bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate‐driven impacts of exotic species on marine ecosystems
Authors: Bennett Scott , Santana‐Garcon Julia , Marbà Núria , Jorda Gabriel , Anton Andrea , Apostolaki Eugenia T. , Cebrian Just , Geraldi Nathan R. , Krause‐Jensen Dorte , Lovelock Catherine E. , Martinetto Paulina , Pandolfi John M. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTemperature is fundamental to the physiological and ecological performance of marine organisms, but its role in modulating the magnitude of ecological impacts by exotic species remains unresolved. Here, we examine the relationship between thermal regimes in the range of origin of marine exotic species and sites of measured impact, after human‐induced introduction. We compare this relationship with the magnitude of impact exerted by exotic species on native ecosystems.LocationGlobal.Time period1977–2017 (meta‐analysis).Major taxa studiedMarine exotic species.MethodsQuantitative impacts of exotic species in marine ecosystems were obtained from a global database. The native range of origin of exotic species was used to estimate the realized thermal niche for each species and compared with the latitude and climatic conditions in recipient sites of recorded impact of exotic species. The difference in median temperatures between recipient sites and the thermal range of origin (i.e., thermal midpoint anomaly) was compared with the magnitude of effect sizes by exotic species on native species, communities and ecosystems.ResultsRecorded impacts occurred predominantly within the thermal niche of origin of exotic species, albeit with a tendency toward higher latitudes and slightly cooler conditions. The severity of impacts by exotic species on abundance of native taxa displayed a hump‐shaped relationship with temperature. Peak impacts were recorded in recipient sites that were 2.2°C cooler than the thermal midpoint of the range of origin of exotic species, and impacts decreased in magnitude toward higher and lower thermal anomalies.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight how temperature and climatic context influence ecological impacts by exotic species in marine ecosystems and the implications for existing and novel species interactions under climate change.
Efficacy and cost‐effectivity analysis of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy unit in infectious disease clinical practices: Turkey perspective
Authors: Bastug Aliye , Oksuz Ergun , Kazancioglu Sumeyye , Malhan Simten , Ozbay Bahadır Orkun , Bodur Hurrem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment (OPAT) has become a common treatment modality in developed countries. OPAT units are not widespread in Turkey, and their cost‐effectivity analysis has not been studied, yet.AimsTo analyze the clinical efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of the OPAT unit, based on a 1000‐bed teaching hospital.MethodsThe records of patients, who were treated between October 2013 and December 2017, in an OPAT unit of a tertiary hospital in Ankara, were obtained retrospectively. The cost that would arise if the patients were hospitalized for the same treatment period with the same diagnosis was calculated and compared with the actual treatment cost of the patients in the OPAT unit.ResultsA total of 594 patients who received antimicrobial treatment at the OPAT unit were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 55.39 ± 16.37 years and 313 (52.7%) were males. Based on the end‐of‐treatment goals, 98.5% of the patients reached the treatment goal. An indirect cost analysis revealed that the OPAT unit was 487.625 94 TL/129.008 78 $ less costly than inpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment. In other words, OPAT cost was 75% of the equivalent inpatient costs. It was also determined that a total of 7078 bed days and 11.9 bed days per person were saved.ConclusionsOPAT units should be expanded increasingly in Turkey. The evaluation together with the health care system conditions in Turkey revealed that the OPAT program is safe, effective, and cost‐efficient.
Blast counts are lower in the aspirate as compared to trephine biopsy in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome expressing CD56
Authors: Drexler Beatrice , Tzankov Alexandar , Martinez Maria , Baerlocher Severin , Passweg Jakob R. , Dirnhofer Stefan , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. , Dirks Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCD56 is aberrantly expressed in myeloid neoplasms including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Considering the adhesion effects of CD56, blast quantification in bone marrow might depend on the technique used to obtain respective diagnostic specimens. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the impact of CD56‐expression on blast counts in myeloid neoplasms comparing bone marrow aspirates to biopsies.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 75 patients diagnosed with MDS and AML. We compared patients with (n = 36) and without (n = 39) CD56‐expression by flow cytometry with respect to their blast quantities assessed on bone marrow aspirates versus biopsies.ResultsThe frequency of CD56‐expression on blasts correlated with higher blast counts on biopsies vs. aspirate smears (rs = 0.52; P = .001). This difference in blast counts was only significant in the CD56 high expressing subgroup (median 68%, 5.5%‐95% in biopsy compared to median 32.5%, 1.5%‐90% in aspirate; P < .01). The percentage of CD56‐positive blasts among the total blast population was lower in the peripheral blood compared to bone marrow (median 31%, 6%‐88% vs. 55%, 14%‐98%; P = .016). The discrepancy in the blast count between the aspirate and trephine biopsy would have led to misclassification of four cases as MDS instead of AML, if diagnosis had based on the bone marrow aspirate blast count alone.ConclusionCounting blasts in bone marrow aspirates of CD56‐positive AML and MDS may be linked to underestimation, potentially leading to misclassification of these myeloid neoplasms, and should therefore be adjusted considering the results obtained on trephine biopsies for reliable diagnosis.
Rule learning transfer across linguistic and visual modalities in 7‐month‐old infants
Authors: Bulf Hermann , Quadrelli Ermanno , Brady Shannon , Nguyen Bryan , Macchi Cassia Viola , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRule learning (RL) refers to infants’ ability to extract high‐order, repetition‐based rules from a sequence of elements and to generalize them to new items. RL has been demonstrated in both the auditory and the visual modality, but no studies have investigated infants’ transfer of learning across these two modalities, a process that is fundamental for the development of many complex cognitive skills. Using a visual habituation procedure within a cross‐modal RL task, we tested 7‐month‐old infants’ transfer of learning both from speech to vision (auditory‐visual—AV—condition) and from vision to speech (visual‐auditory—VA—condition). Results showed a transfer of learning in the AV condition, but only for those infants who were able to efficiently extract the rule during the learning (habituation) phase. In contrast, in the VA condition infants provided no evidence of RL. Overall, this study indicates that 7‐month‐old infants can transfers high‐order rules across modalities with an advantage for transferring from speech to vision, and that this ability is constrained by infants’ individual differences in the way they process the to‐be‐learned rules.
Charge injection and decay of nanoscale dielectric films resolved via dynamic scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Moran Thomas J. , Suzuki Keigo , Hosokura Tadasu , Khaetskii Alexander , Huey Bryan D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo satisfy continual demands for higher performance dielectrics in multi‐layer ceramic capacitors and related microelectronic devices, novel characterization methods are necessary for mapping materials properties down to the nanoscale, where enabling materials developments are increasingly relevant. Accordingly, an atomic force microscopy‐based approach is implemented for characterizing insulator performance based on the mapping of discharging dynamics. Following surface charging by biasing a conducting tip contacting a dielectric surface, consecutive non‐contact Kelvin force surface potential mapping (KPFM) reveals charge dissipation via exponential decay. In barium titanate (BTO) thin films engineered with distinct microstructures but identical thicknesses, discharging rates vary by up to a factor of 2, with smaller grain size correlating to longer dissipation times, providing insight into optimal microstructures for improved capacitor performance. High‐resolution potential mapping as a function of time thereby provides a route for directly investigating charge injection and discharging mechanisms in dielectrics, which are increasingly engineered down to the nanoscale and have global implications given the trillions of such devices manufactured each year.
Gulf Coast vicariance shapes phylogeographic history of a North American freshwater mussel species complex
Authors: Keogh Sean M. , Johnson Nathan A. , Williams James D. , Randklev Charles R. , Simons Andrew M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimFreshwater mussels share habitat and are parasites of freshwater fishes during the larval life stage. Therefore, models of fish biogeography may also explain the historical biogeography of freshwater mussels. We tested this assumption using predictions of three biogeographic models constructed for northern Gulf of Mexico drainages on a freshwater mussel species complex. Specifically, we tested (1) if speciation was due to vicariant events of fluctuating sea levels that separated lineages east‐west of the Mobile Basin (Central Gulf Coast speciation hypothesis), (2) if the timing of divergences occurred 8.5–3.5 MYA (Gulf Coast allopatric speciation model) and (3) if diversification in Mississippi River populations was recent and for evidence of population increase consistent with range expansion into northern deglaciated regions (Pleistocene glaciation model).LocationEastern North America.TaxonFreshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Lampsilis teres and L. floridensis.MethodsWe collected 249 specimens from 73 localities across the group's distribution. We used three molecular markers (COI, NDI & ITSI) to conduct time calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, phylogeographic analyses (AMOVA & SAMOVA) and demographic analyses including Bayesian skyline plots.ResultsLampsilis teres and L. floridensis are allopatric species whose distributions meet at the eastern edge of the Mobile Basin. Speciation was estimated to occur in the late Miocene. Populations from isolated river systems surrounding the Gulf of Mexico are almost all monophyletic. Mississippi drainage samples formed a shallow clade with recent diversification and showed evidence of recent population expansion.Main conclusionsThe historical biogeography of the L. teres species complex is broadly consistent with tested ichthyofaunal models. The timing of speciation and intraspecific divergences correspond to low sea‐level events suggesting that Gulf Coast sea‐level fluctuations are responsible for dispersal (sea‐level recession) and subsequent cladogenesis (sea‐level inundation). Consistent with numerous other freshwater studies, we found the Mobile Basin to be a suture zone, which may be due to the narrow, offshore continental shelf.
Holocene plant diversity dynamics show a distinct biogeographical pattern in temperate Europe
Authors: Roleček Jan , Abraham Vojtěch , Vild Ondřej , Svobodová Svitavská Helena , Jamrichová Eva , Plesková Zuzana , Pokorný Petr , Kuneš Petr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimPollen has been used before to reconstruct Holocene plant diversity changes in broadly delimited regions such as continents and countries. In this study we ask whether finer‐scale differences in plant diversity, which are of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, are also detectable in the fossil pollen record coming from a single, biogeographically complex region of temperate Europe.LocationCentral Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia).TaxonVascular plants.MethodsFossil pollen extracted from 18 high‐quality profiles was used as a proxy of past plant diversity. Pollen counts of tree taxa were corrected by pollen productivities and pollen assemblages were resampled to 100 grains per sample and 150 grains per 500‐year time window. SiZer analysis was used to test and visualize multi‐scale diversity patterns. SiZer maps were compared using principal coordinate analysis, and linear modelling was used to identify the best predictors. Pollen composition was analysed using non‐metric multidimensional scaling. K‐means clustering and indicator species analysis were used to interpret ordination results.ResultsMean Holocene plant diversity is significantly predicted by latitude, whilst its temporal pattern varies by biogeographical region. Major differences were found between the Mesic and Montane Hercynia (relatively low diversity, increasing only in the Late Holocene) and Pannonia, the Carpathians and the Warm Hercynia (higher diversity, increasing from the Early or Middle Holocene onwards). The low diversity in the Middle and Late Holocene is associated with the prevalence of woody and acidophilic taxa. High diversity is associated with numerous grassland and minerotrophic wetland taxa, crops and weeds.Main conclusionsPlant diversity and its changes during the Holocene are geographically structured across temperate Europe. The main causes appear to be differences between biogeographical regions in the dynamics of landscape openness and vegetation composition. The differences reflect spatial patterns in climate and human impact and their temporal changes.
Utility of fluoroscopy alone for monitoring of intrathoracic bleeding complications during transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Issa Ziad F. , Issa Tariq Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous lead extraction (TLE) carries a significant risk of major complications, namely bleeding into the pericardial sac or thoracic cavity. While echocardiographic imaging has been recommended for intraprocedural monitoring for those complications, no studies had examined the potential benefits of fluoroscopy alone as an alternative to echocardiography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of fluoroscopy for monitoring intrathoracic bleeding complications during TLE.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent TLE of a pacemaker or ICD lead with fluoroscopy‐only monitoring. At the beginning of each TLE procedure, baseline fluoroscopic images were obtained for both lung fields and the cardiac silhouette. Similar images were acquired again when hypotension develops during the procedure.ResultsFluoroscopy alone (without echocardiographic imaging) was used in 783 consecutive patients (54% women; average age, 71.5 ± 12.9 years) who underwent TLE. There were 93 patients (11.9%) who experienced significant hypotension. Fluoroscopy showed no obvious cause for hypotension in 63 patients. Right ventricular inversion was implied by fluoroscopy in 27 patients. Fluoroscopy detected new pericardial effusion in two patients and new right pleural effusion in one patient, which prompted halting the extraction procedure and therapeutic intervention. Additionally, routine fluoroscopic images revealed the development of an unsuspected new small left pleural effusion in one patient and a pericardial effusion in another. In‐hospital mortality rate was 0%.ConclusionsIn selected patients undergoing TLE, fluoroscopy can provide valuable information for identifying or excluding cardiovascular causes during periods of intraprocedural hemodynamic instability.
Improving day surgery rates of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery in surgical units not dedicated to performing day surgery: A retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Lucocq James , Khalil Mostafa , Roberts Louise , Dalgleish Stephen , Jariwala Arpit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsCurrent guidance advises that at least 90% of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions are performed as day‐case operations. Same‐day surgery rates achieved by surgical units have significant clinical and financial implications. The primary aim of this multi‐centre study was to determine the rate of admission and causes for admissions in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.MethodPatient documentations were studied for those who underwent an elective anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between January 2015 and April 2019. Contributing factors related to admission length were investigated and included patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), operating surgeon, operating hospital, American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) grade, and position of the patient on the operating list. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted using the STATA/IC 16.1 statistical package.ResultsThe day surgery rate of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions were 52% (50/95). Patients positioned later on the operating list were more likely to be admitted post‐operatively (OR, 4.49; P = .002; 95% CI, 1.72‐11.69) and this was the only factor associated with admission. A large majority of admitted patients (95.6%) were admitted without a clinical cause and were otherwise safe for same‐day discharge.ConclusionsThe day surgery rate for ACL reconstruction remains low, despite an extremely low complication rate. Reconfiguration of the operating lists and positioning anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions earlier in the day will likely increase the same‐day discharge rate and reduce associated costs.
Prescriber perspectives on low‐value prescribing: A qualitative study
Authors: Walter Eric L. , Dawdani Alicia , Decker Alison , Hamm Megan E. , Pickering Aimee N. , Hanlon Joseph T. , Thorpe Carolyn T. , Roberts Mark S. , Fine Michael J. , Gellad Walid F. , Radomski Thomas R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth systems are increasingly implementing interventions to reduce older patients' use of low‐value medications. However, prescribers' perspectives on medication value and the acceptability of interventions to reduce low‐value prescribing are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo identify the characteristics that affect the value of a medication and those factors influencing low‐value prescribing from the perspective of primary care physicians.DesignQualitative study using semi‐structured interviews.SettingAcademic and community primary care practices within University of Pittsburgh Medical Center health system.ParticipantsSixteen primary care physicians.MeasurementsWe elicited 16 prescribers' perspectives on definitions and examples of low‐value prescribing in older adults, the factors that incentivize them to engage in such prescribing, and the characteristics of interventions that would make them less likely to engage in low‐value prescribing.ResultsWe identified three key themes. First, prescribers viewed low‐value prescribing among older adults as common, characterized both by features of the medications themselves and of the particular patients to whom they were prescribed. Second, prescribers described the causes of low‐value prescribing as multifactorial, with factors related to patients, prescribers, and the health system as a whole, making low‐value prescribing a default practice pattern. Third, interventions addressing low‐value prescribing must minimize the cognitive load and time pressures that make low‐value prescribing common. Interventions increasing time pressure or cognitive load, such as increased documentation, were considered less acceptable.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that low‐value prescribing is a well‐recognized phenomenon, and that interventions to reduce low‐value prescribing must consider physicians' perspectives and address the specific patient, prescriber and health system factors that make low‐value prescribing a default practice.
Housing Design and Modifications for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Complex Behavioral Needs: Scoping Review
Authors: Casson Jane , Hamdani Yani , Dobranowski Kristin , Lake Johanna , McMorris Carly , Gonzales Angela , Lunsky Yona , Balogh Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral challenges exhibited by individuals with IDD can signal a poor person–environment relationship. There remains limited understanding about the physical characteristics of successful housing for this population. This article summarizes research on housing design for individuals with IDD who engage in behaviors that challenge.Specific AimsOriginal, peer‐reviewed research on the physical environment of housing was reviewed to determine the characteristics that can be modified to meet the needs of individuals with IDD who engage in behaviors that challenge.MethodElectronic databases and reference lists of relevant publications were searched for peer reviewed empirical research related to housing design for behaviors that challenge. Two reviewers independently applied inclusion criteria to identify studies. Content analysis identified housing features.FindingsFourteen studies were identified that described inadequate and successful housing characteristics. Elements such as location, layout, safety, stimulation, and homelikeness were reported to contribute to successful housing.DiscussionDesign of the physical environment has important policy and practice implications for supported housing that addresses behaviors that challenge. The development of design tools, guidelines, and personalized housing for this population is discussed.
Sleep does not aid the generalisation of binocular disparity‐based learning to the other visual hemifield
Authors: Klinzing Jens G. , Nienborg Hendrikje , Rauss Karsten 
Published: March 2021

SummaryVisual perceptual learning refers to long‐lasting performance improvements on a visual skill – an ability supported by plastic changes in early visual brain areas. Visual perceptual learning has been shown to be induced by training and to benefit from consolidation during sleep, presumably via the reactivation of learning‐associated neuronal firing patterns. However, previous studies have almost exclusively relied on a single paradigm, the texture discrimination task, on which performance improvements may rely on higher‐order rather than lower‐level perceptual skills. In the present study, we tested whether sleep has beneficial effects on a visual disparity discrimination task. We confirm previous findings in showing that the ability to discriminate different disparities is unaffected by sleep during a 12‐hr retention period after training. Importantly, we extend these results by providing evidence against an effect of sleep on the generalisation of improved disparity discrimination across the vertical meridian. By relying on a between‐subject design, we further exclude carry‐over effects as a possible confound present in previous findings. These data argue against sleep as an important factor in the consolidation of a low‐level perceptual skill. This sets important constraints on models of the role of sleep and sleep‐associated neural reactivation in the consolidation of non‐declarative memories.