bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic Violence and Coping Strategies Among Married Adults During Lockdown Due to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Khokhar Anita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:There has been a reported increase in cases of domestic violence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, systematic research data are still unavailable. This study was conducted to find out domestic violence prevalence and coping strategies among married adults during lockdown due to COVID-19 in India.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among married men and women in the month of April 2020. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, domestic violence, and coping strategies used during lockdown were collected thorough Google Forms. A total of 97.9% of the forms were completely filled by the respondents. A descriptive analysis was done.Results:Of 94 study participants, approximately 7.4% (n= 7) had faced domestic violence during lockdown. Of these 7 participants, approximately 85.7% (n= 6) reported increased frequency of domestic violence during lockdown. Approximately half of the victims chose to ignore it (57.1%;n= 4) or used yoga/meditation (42.9%;n= 3) to cope.Conclusions:With approximately 7.4% study participants facing domestic violence during lockdown, it is necessary to study its detailed epidemiology in pandemics so that interventions like helpline numbers, screening of patients during tele-consultation, etc., which can be delivered even during lockdown with the help of health-care and frontline workers could be devised to address this problem.
Adolescent social networks matter for suicidal trajectories: disparities across race/ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, and socioeconomic status
Authors: Xiao Yunyu , Lindsey Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExamining social networks, characterized by interpersonal interactions across family, peer, school, and neighborhoods, offer alternative explanations to suicidal behaviors and shape effective suicide prevention. This study examines adolescent social networks predicting suicide ideation and attempt trajectories transitioning to adulthood, while revealing differences across racial/ethnic, sex, sexual identity, and socioeconomic status.MethodsParticipants included 9421 high school students (Mage = 15.30 years; 54.58% females, baseline) from Waves I–IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, 1994–2008. Latent class growth analyses were conducted to identify suicide ideation and attempt trajectories. Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions examined the relationships between social network characteristics during adolescence and suicidal trajectories. Interaction terms between social networks and sociodemographic characteristics were included to test moderation effects.ResultsThree suicidal ideation trajectories (low-stable, high-decreasing, moderate-decreasing-increasing) and two suicide attempt trajectories (low-stable, moderate-decreasing) were identified. Greater family cohesion significantly reduced the probability of belonging to high-decreasing (Trajectory 2) and moderate-decreasing-increasing (Trajectory 3) suicidal ideation trajectories, and moderate-decreasing (Trajectory 2) suicide attempt trajectory. Race/ethnicity, sex, and sexual identity significantly moderated the associations between social networks (household size, peer network density, family cohesion, peer support, neighborhood support) and suicidal trajectories.ConclusionsSocial networks during adolescence influenced the odds of belonging to distinct suicidal trajectories. Family cohesion protected youth from being in high-risk developmental courses of suicidal behaviors. Social networks, especially quality of interactions, may improve detecting adolescents and young adults at-risk for suicide behaviors. Network-based interventions are key to prevent suicidal behaviors over time and suicide intervention programming.
Understanding different trajectories of mental health across the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Saunders Rob , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Fonagy Peter , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and nationally mandated restrictions to control the virus have been associated with increased mental health issues. However, the differential impact of the pandemic and lockdown on groups of individuals, and the personal characteristics associated with poorer outcomes are unknown.MethodData from 21 938 adults in England who participated in a stratified cohort study were analysed. Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were identified using growth mixture modelling. Multinomial and logistic regression models were constructed to identify sociodemographic and personality-related risk factors associated with trajectory class membership.ResultsFour trajectories of depression and five for anxiety were identified. The most common group presented with low symptom severity throughout, other classes were identified that showed: severe levels of symptoms which increased; moderate symptoms throughout; worsening mental health during lockdown but improvements after lockdown ended; and for anxiety only, severe initial anxiety that decreased quickly during lockdown. Age, gender, ethnicity, income, previous diagnoses, living situation, personality factors and sociability were associated with different trajectories.ConclusionsNearly 30% of participants experienced trajectories with symptoms in the clinical range during lockdown, and did not follow the average curve or majority group, highlighting the importance of differential trajectories. Young, female, outgoing and sociable people and essential workers experienced severe anxiety around the announcement of lockdown which rapidly decreased. Younger individuals with lower incomes and previous mental health diagnoses experienced higher and increasing levels of symptoms. Recognising the likely symptom trajectories for such groups may allow for targeted care or interventions.
Acoustofluidic separation enables early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury based on circulating exosomes
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Wang Haichen , Becker Ryan , Rufo Joseph , Yang Shujie , Mace Brian E. , Wu Mengxi , Zou Jun , Laskowitz Daniel T. , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of morbidity and mortality. Initial management and risk stratification of patients with TBI is made difficult by the relative insensitivity of screening radiographic studies as well as by the absence of a widely available, noninvasive diagnostic biomarker. In particular, a blood-based biomarker assay could provide a quick and minimally invasive process to stratify risk and guide early management strategies in patients with mild TBI (mTBI). Analysis of circulating exosomes allows the potential for rapid and specific identification of tissue injury. By applying acoustofluidic exosome separation—which uses a combination of microfluidics and acoustics to separate bioparticles based on differences in size and acoustic properties—we successfully isolated exosomes from plasma samples obtained from mice after TBI. Acoustofluidic isolation eliminated interference from other blood components, making it possible to detect exosomal biomarkers for TBI via flow cytometry. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that exosomal biomarkers for TBI increase in the first 24 h following head trauma, indicating the potential of using circulating exosomes for the rapid diagnosis of TBI. Elevated levels of TBI biomarkers were only detected in the samples separated via acoustofluidics; no changes were observed in the analysis of the raw plasma sample. This finding demonstrated the necessity of sample purification prior to exosomal biomarker analysis. Since acoustofluidic exosome separation can easily be integrated with downstream analysis methods, it shows great potential for improving early diagnosis and treatment decisions associated with TBI.
Immunogenicity of prime-boost protein subunit vaccine strategies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaques
Authors: Tan Hyon-Xhi , Juno Jennifer A. , Lee Wen Shi , Barber-Axthelm Isaac , Kelly Hannah G. , Wragg Kathleen M. , Esterbauer Robyn , Amarasena Thakshila , Mordant Francesca L. , Subbarao Kanta , Kent Stephen J. , Wheatley Adam K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 vaccines are advancing into human clinical trials, with emphasis on eliciting high titres of neutralising antibodies against the viral spike (S). However, the merits of broadly targeting S versus focusing antibody onto the smaller receptor binding domain (RBD) are unclear. Here we assess prototypic S and RBD subunit vaccines in homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens in mice and non-human primates. We find S is highly immunogenic in mice, while the comparatively poor immunogenicity of RBD is associated with limiting germinal centre and T follicular helper cell activity. Boosting S-primed mice with either S or RBD significantly augments neutralising titres, with RBD-focussing driving moderate improvement in serum neutralisation. In contrast, both S and RBD vaccines are comparably immunogenic in macaques, eliciting serological neutralising activity that generally exceed levels in convalescent humans. These studies confirm recombinant S proteins as promising vaccine candidates and highlight multiple pathways to achieving potent serological neutralisation.
Somatic mutations and single-cell transcriptomes reveal the root of malignant rhabdoid tumours
Authors: Custers Lars , Khabirova Eleonora , Coorens Tim H. H. , Oliver Thomas R. W. , Calandrini Camilla , Young Matthew D. , Vieira Braga Felipe A. , Ellis Peter , Mamanova Lira , Segers Heidi , Maat Arie , Kool Marcel , Hoving Eelco W. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Nicholson James , Straathof Karin , Hook Liz , de Krijger Ronald R. , Trayers Claire , Allinson Kieren , Behjati Sam , Drost Jarno 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMalignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is an often lethal childhood cancer that, like many paediatric tumours, is thought to arise from aberrant fetal development. The embryonic root and differentiation pathways underpinning MRT are not firmly established. Here, we study the origin of MRT by combining phylogenetic analyses and single-cell mRNA studies in patient-derived organoids. Comparison of somatic mutations shared between cancer and surrounding normal tissues places MRT in a lineage with neural crest-derived Schwann cells. Single-cell mRNA readouts of MRT differentiation, which we examine by reverting the genetic driver mutation underpinning MRT,SMARCB1loss, suggest that cells are blocked en route to differentiating into mesenchyme. Quantitative transcriptional predictions indicate that combined HDAC and mTOR inhibition mimic MRT differentiation, which we confirm experimentally. Our study defines the developmental block of MRT and reveals potential differentiation therapies.
ATF4 selectively regulates heat nociception and contributes to kinesin-mediated TRPM3 trafficking
Authors: Xie Man-Xiu , Cao Xian-Ying , Zeng Wei-An , Lai Ren-Chun , Guo Lan , Wang Jun-Chao , Xiao Yi-Bin , Zhang Xi , Chen Di , Liu Xian-Guo , Zhang Xiao-Long 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEffective treatments for patients suffering from heat hypersensitivity are lacking, mostly due to our limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disorder. In the nervous system, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we show that ATF4 plays an important role in heat nociception. Indeed, loss of ATF4 in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons selectively impairs heat sensitivity. Mechanistically, we show that ATF4 interacts with transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member-3 (TRPM3) and mediates the membrane trafficking of TRPM3 in DRG neurons in response to heat. Loss of ATF4 also significantly decreases the current and KIF17-mediated trafficking of TRPM3, suggesting that the KIF17/ATF4/TRPM3 complex is required for the neuronal response to heat stimuli. Our findings unveil the non-transcriptional role of ATF4 in the response to heat stimuli in DRG neurons.
Antagonistic control of myofiber size and muscle protein quality control by the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 during aging
Authors: Hunt Liam C. , Schadeberg Bronwen , Stover Jared , Haugen Benard , Pagala Vishwajeeth , Wang Yong-Dong , Puglise Jason , Barton Elisabeth R. , Peng Junmin , Demontis Fabio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSarcopenia is a degenerative condition that consists in age-induced atrophy and functional decline of skeletal muscle cells (myofibers). A common hypothesis is that inducing myofiber hypertrophy should also reinstate myofiber contractile function but such model has not been extensively tested. Here, we find that the levels of the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 increase in skeletal muscle with aging, and that UBR4 increases the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. Importantly, muscle-specific UBR4 loss rescues age-associated myofiber atrophy in mice. However, UBR4 loss reduces the muscle specific force and accelerates the decline in muscle protein quality that occurs with aging in mice. Similarly, hypertrophic signaling induced via muscle-specific loss of UBR4/poe and of ESCRT members (HGS/Hrs, STAM, USP8) that degrade ubiquitinated membrane proteins compromises muscle function and shortens lifespan in Drosophila by reducing protein quality control. Altogether, these findings indicate that these ubiquitin ligases antithetically regulate myofiber size and muscle protein quality control.
RGO/WO3 hierarchical architectures for improved H2S sensing and highly efficient solar-driving photo-degradation of RhB dye
Authors: Mehta Swati S. , Nadargi Digambar Y. , Tamboli Mohaseen S. , Alshahrani Thamraa , Minnam Reddy Vasudeva Reddy , Kim Eui Seon , Mulla Imtiaz S. , Park Chinho , Suryavanshi Sharad S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurface area and surface active sites are two important key parameters in enhancing the gas sensing as well as photocatalytic properties of the parent material. With this motivation, herein, we report a facile synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Tungsten Oxide RGO/WO3 hierarchical nanostructures via simple hydrothermal route, and their validation in accomplishment of improved H2S sensing and highly efficient solar driven photo-degradation of RhB Dye. The self-made RGO using modified Hummer’s method, is utilized to develop the RGO/WO3 nanocomposites with 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of RGO in WO3 matrix. As-developed nanocomposites were analyzed using various physicochemical techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, TEM/HRTEM, and EDAX. The creation of hierarchic marigold frameworks culminated in a well affiliated mesoporous system, offering efficient gas delivery networks, leading to a significant increase in sensing response to H2S. The optimized sensor (RGO/WO3 with 0.3 wt% loading) exhibited selective response towards H2S, which is ~ 13 times higher (Ra/Rg = 22.9) than pristine WO3 (Ra/Rg = 1.78) sensor. Looking at bi-directional application, graphene platform boosted the photocatalytic activity (94% degradation of Rhodamine B dye in 210 min) under natural sunlight. The RGO’s role in increasing the active surface and surface area is clarified by the H2S gas response analysis and solar-driven photo-degradation of RhB dye solution. The outcome of this study provides the new insights to RGO/WO3 based nanocomposites’ research spreadsheet, in view of multidisciplinary applications.
A dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 improves the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ding Huan , Hu Huan , Tian Feifei , Liang Huaping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The 5-year survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult due to the high recurrence rate and metastasis. Tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) bring hope to improve survival and treatment of HCC patients. However, there are problems in predicting immune signatures and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In the study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate 22 immune cell infiltration patterns in gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. Eight immune cells were found to have significant infiltration differences between the tumor and normal groups. The CD8+ T cells immune signature was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The high infiltration level of CD8+ T cells could significantly improve survival of patients. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm identified MMP9 was closely related to the overall survival of HCC patients. K-M survival and tROC analysis confirmed that MMP9 had an excellent prognostic prediction. Cox regression showed that a dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 was independent survival factor in HCC. Therefore, a dual prognostic immune signature could improve the survival of patient and may provide a new strategy for the immunotherapy of HCC.
A survival duration‐guided NSGA‐III for sustainable flexible job shop scheduling problem considering dual resources
Authors: Hongyu Li , Xiuli Wu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsidering the increasing concern on sustainable development from manufacturers, focus is given to three kinds of indicators of sustainable development, that is, economy, environment, and society, and schedule two types of resource, that is machines and workers, simultaneously in the classical flexible job shop scheduling problem. The authors define it as a sustainable flexible job shop scheduling problem considering dual resources (SFJSPCDR). First, a model of the SFJSPCDR is formulated to optimise the makespan, the energy consumption, and the ergonomic risk simultaneously. Second, an improved survival duration‐guided NSGA‐III algorithm (SDG‐NSGA‐III) is proposed to solve SFJSPCDR. The survival duration of each individual determines whether it takes part in generating offspring. In order to balance the energy consumption and ergonomic risk while minimising the makespan, a double‐low decoding algorithm is proposed, which is composed of two decoding algorithms. Cross‐generation selection is employed with the non‐dominated sorting, and the next‐generation population is selected according to the reference point‐based selection strategy. In addition, a restart strategy is also integrated to improve the exploration and exploitation performance of the SDG‐NSGA‐III algorithm. Finally, a group of experiments are carried out and the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Flow‐assisted visual tracking using event cameras
Authors: Jiang Rui , Wang Qinyi , Shi Shunshun , Mou Xiaozheng , Chen Shoushun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe data from event cameras not only portray contours of moving objects but also contain motion information inherently. Herein, motion information can be used in event‐based and frame‐based object trackers to ease the challenges of occluded objects and data association, respectively. In the event‐based tracker, events within a short interval are accumulated. Within the interval, the histogram of local time measurements (or ‘motion histogram’) is proposed as the feature to describe the target and candidate regions. Then the mean‐shift tracking approach is used by shifting the tracker towards similarity maximisation on motion histograms between target and candidate regions. As for the frame‐based tracker, given the assumption that a single object moves at a constant velocity on the image plane, the distribution of local timestamps is modelled, followed by which object‐level velocities are obtained from parameter estimation. We then build a Kalman‐based ensemble, in which object‐level velocities are deemed as an additional measurement on top of object detection results. Experiments have been conducted to measure the performance of proposed trackers based on our self‐collected data. Thanks to the assistance from motion information, the event‐based tracker successfully differentiates partially overlapped objects with distinct motion profiles; The inter‐frame tracker avoids data association failure on fast‐moving objects and leads to fast convergence on object velocity estimation.
Double Rectangle Fascia Lata Frontalis Sling: A Rationale Approach for Ptosis
Authors: Agarwal Pawan , Sharma Dhananjaya , Agrawal Vikesh , Tiwari Swati , Kukrele Rajeev 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of a modified technique of double rectangle pattern for correction of severe ptosis.
Methods This is a retrospective study over a period of 8 years including patients who underwent correction of ptosis by double rectangle using autologous fascia lata sling. Surgical outcomes were assessed postoperatively by distance from the corneal light reflex to the upper eyelid margin (MRD1) and levator function.
Results Twenty-six eyelids were operated in 20 patients. There were 9 males and 11 females, with age ranging from 4 to 35 years. Preoperatively, all patients had poor MRD1 and poor levator function. Postoperative MRD1 was good in 13 patients (17 eyelids), fair in 5 (7eyelids), and poor in 2 patients (2 eyelids). Postoperative levator function was excellent in 12 patients (15 eyelids), good in 6 (9 eyelids), and fair in 2 patients (2 eyelids). At a mean follow-up of 12 months, adequate correction was achieved in 24 eyelids, and 2 eyelids had undercorrection.
Conclusion Frontalis sling with a double rectangle is simple and more efficient, as it provides a straight line of pull to the eyelid for correction of severe ptosis.
On indefinite subjects in Mandarin
Authors: Wu Yicheng , Li Xuping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the licensing conditions and interpretational variability of indefinite subjects in Mandarin. Against the ‘definiteness’ constraint of subject in Mandarin (Chao 1968;Li and Thompson 1981), three types of indefinite subjects are identified in the subject position, but they exhibit different scope behaviors: (i)you-nominals are ambiguous between a wide scope and a narrow scope, and (ii) thetic subjects are narrow-scope taking, and (iii) ‘cardinal’ subjects are scopeless. FollowingCohen and Erteschik-Shir (2002), we propose that the former two types of indefinite subjects are focus elements and they fall into the position of nuclear scope, where they receive an existential interpretation, and cardinal subjects are topics and they serve as restrictor to some generic operator. Moreover, the wide/narrow scope readings ofyou-nominals are distinguished from each other in terms of whether a topic domain is available or not, which may serve a domain restrictor to the existential quantifier bound toyou-nominals (Portner 2002).
On Middle applicatives
Authors: Zhao Chen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Mandarinbǎ-construction has been one of the most well studied subjects in Chinese grammar. Although the previous studies have achieved some exciting results, the exact nature ofbǎand the syntactic derivation of thebǎ-construction remain largely controversial. The current paper constitutes an attempt to clarify the two issues under the minimalist framework. In particular, while keeping in line with the littlevanalysis ofbǎproposed bySybesma 1999;Lin 2001among others, I argue that there is a Middle applicative projection (an affected applicative) between V andv; thebǎ-NP is formed by a movement of VP-internal arguments to Spec.ApplPmid, which can optionally be occupied bygěi, and it gets an accusative Case frombǎinv. With this analysis, we can better account for the core syntactic and semantic properties ofbǎ-constructions. Furthermore, I will show that the proposed applicative approach has some interesting consequences for Taiwaneseka-constructions, a near counterpart of Mandarinbǎ-constructions. Finally, I will comparebǎ-constructions to languages with differential object marking in arguing that Mandarin uses a special strategy – light verb marking to mark the specific/affected objects.